bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Law in Historical Perspective; A Critical Study of Joseph Schacht's Thought
Authors: Havis Aravik  , Achmad Irwan Hamzani  , Ahmad Tohir
Published: December 2023

This article discusses Islamic law from a historical perspective; a critical study of Josep Schacht's thought. To know more deeply about Islamic law from a historical perspective based on the thoughts of Josep Schacht. The method used is library research with data sources sourced from books by Joseph Schacht, an Introduction to Islamic Law, and The Origin of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. All data collected was verified and analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the source of Islamic law according to Schacht through a social history approach is not a set of revealed norms, but rather a historical phenomenon that is closely related to the social setting. So, Islamic law was formed as a result of the process of historical development. Schacht's idea is a very constructive idea for the progress of Islam, if this idea is seen selectively, innovatively, and proportionally rather than being attacked blindly without seeing the truth in it. Although of course, other parts are not in line with Islamic teachings.
Implementasi Akad Murabahah Pada Penyaluran Dana Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Hidup Nasabah (Studi Kasus BMT Insan Mulia Palembang)
Authors: Yeyen Priyanti  , Choiriyah  , Moh. Faizal
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Implementasi Akad Murabahah Pada Penyaluran Dana Usaha Untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Hidup Masyarakat (Studi Kasus BMT Insan Mulia Palembang). Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu Bagaimana Praktek Akad Murabahah Dalam Penyaluran Dana Usaha Di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Insan Mulia Palembang, Dan Bagaimana Implikasi (Dampak) Akad Murabahah Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Hidup Nasabah Di Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) Insan Mulia Palembang. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deduktif-induktif yang bertujuan untuk memahami suatu pemecahan masalah yang diteliti agar memperoleh kebenaran (verifikasi) dalam bentuk data empiris di laporan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktek dan impikasi (dampak) dari akad murabahah dalam penyaluran dana usaha untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup nasabah di BMT Insan Mulia Palembang. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, dalam praktek akad murabahah tentunya pihak BMT sangat memahami kebutuhan nasabahnya dan memberikan prosedur pembiayaan yang baik, kemudian dampak yang dirasakan oleh para nasabah khususnya pedagang, sangat membantu dalam penyediaan modal dagang, sehingga pedagang tidak khawatir jika ingin melakukan pembeliaan stok barang, sehingga para pedagang bisa terus mendapatkan pemasukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari sehingga nasabah BMT dapat mencapai kesejahteraan hidup.
The "4Rs" Teaching Method in Underwater Acoustic Communication Systems Course
Authors: Xu Haiyun , Wang Bin , Meng Yuting
Published: December 2023

According to the training goal of underwater acoustic engineering in Information Engineering University, we find the characteristics of underwater acoustic communication systems, summarize the experience during the years of teaching students practice, and then propose the teaching method of "underwater acoustic communication system" course, which is  summarized as "4Rs". This paper firstly describes the meanings of "4Rs", which is suitable for our students. Then, we show the teaching contents and what the students can learn. And finally, we tell the  implementation ideas of 4Rs teaching method, and through the consecutive practical teaching training, we can have many favorable teaching results.
Research on Practical Teaching System in Network Engineering Speciality
Authors: Jiang Rifan
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes the construction of practical teaching system for network engineering speciality, designs a practical teaching system composed of in-course experiments, on-campus practices and off-campus practices, arranges practical teaching according to the principle of hierarchical and progressive ability cultivation, and proposes a hierarchical and progressive practical teaching system. The practical results show that the implementation plan is conducive to promoting the construction of practical links of the specialty, improving the teaching quality, and cultivating high-quality qualified network engineering technology and network application talents for the society.
The Problems and Countermeasures of Ideological and Political Reform in the Course of "Quantitative Remote Sensing" under the Background of New Engineering Construction
Authors: Ma Xu , Zhang Henggang , Zhang Yifan , Luo Kaiyue , Zhang Kai , Liu Ying , Ma Qiujin , Song Jie
Published: December 2023

Within the New Engineering Education framework, there's an urgent demand to nurture outstanding professionals equipped with exceptional skills and competencies. The course "Quantitative Remote Sensing" assumes a pivotal role in shaping highly proficient remote sensing experts. It requires a seamless integration of ideological and educational aspects, aiming to bolster students' ethical principles and expand the pool of adept professionals driving remote sensing in China. Grounded in the context of the New Engineering Education, this article offers an overview of the prevailing challenges within the ideological and educational dimensions of the "Quantitative Remote Sensing" course. It proposes a multifaceted approach to revamping these dimensions and outlines a practical pathway for enhancing the course. The ultimate goal is to boost the effectiveness of the ideological and educational elements by introducing innovative teaching philosophies, methods, and content. This approach will accelerate the attainment of moral education goals and contribute to the advancement of the New Engineering Education paradigm. The issues scrutinized, reform strategies delineated, and the practical roadmap provided in this article furnish both theoretical and practical guidance for addressing ideological and educational aspects in courses spanning diverse disciplines within the New Engineering Education framework.
La formation et les récits de pratique des enseignants d'une école quilombola en Amapá
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Brigida Ticiane
Published: December 2023

L'objectif central de cette étude était d'analyser les apports de la formation des enseignants (initiale et continue) dans une école quilombola, pour la pratique pédagogique dans un contexte riche en relations interethniques. Au niveau méthodologique, l'approche qualitative s'est avérée être la plus appropriée pour appréhender les particularités d'un contexte spécifique ; un entretien semi-structuré a été utilisé avec sept enseignants du niveau collège. En ce qui concerne l'analyse des données, la méthode d'Analyse du Contenu a été adoptée. Les récits des enseignants ont permis de constater l'absence d'un programme plus diversifié pendant la formation initiale, qui traitait des problèmes des communautés socialement exclues au Brésil. Cette absence affaiblit, d'une certaine manière, l'exercice de la profession d'enseignant dans les écoles quilombolas, puisqu'elle ne les prépare pas à travailler dans ce contexte scolaire. Cette faiblesse ne les a cependant pas empêchés d'intégrer dans leurs pratiques d'enseignement des pratiques culturellement pertinentes, par la mise en œuvre de divers projets pédagogiques sur les danses traditionnelles, les rituels religieux, l'artisanat, les activités agroalimentaires communautaires, de manière à articuler savoirs disciplinaires et savoirs locaux. En ce qui concerne la continuité du processus de formation, le grand manque de formation continue dans le domaine de l'éducation ethno-raciale a été mentionné. Dans de nombreuses situations, les enseignants se sentent seuls et cherchent par leurs propres moyens approfondir leurs connaissances et améliorer leur pratique en classe. Dans ce contexte, il ne suffit pas que l'école soit reconnue comme quilombola comme l'exigent les directives nationales de 2012, si l'on ne se préoccupe pas réellement du type d'enseignement nécessaire aux besoins de formation des élèves quilombolas dans leurs différentes dimensions.
Arquitetura Pedagógica Inclusiva e Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Ribeiro Claudiane , Crespo Coelho da Silva Pinto Sérgio
Published: December 2023

O artigo foi desenvolvido a partir de um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutoramento, cujo enfoque deu-se na formação continuada docente.  O estudo mostra resultados do curso “A abordagem do Pensamento Computacional na Educação Inclusiva” envolvendo o Pensamento Computacional aplicado em atividades escolares. Para tanto, constituiu-se uma Arquitetura Pedagógica para a formação continuada de professores de escolas da educação básica. A formulação de uma Arquitetura Pedagógica inclusiva, em um ambiente on-line, usou o Pensamento Computacional com o objetivo de desenvolver propostas pedagógicas para pessoas com deficiência. A metodologia aplicada foi quantitativa e qualitativa, de carácter exploratório, fundamentada na Design-Based Research, dividida em três etapas, estudo preliminar, período exploratório e fase final.  Os resultados do período exploratório contaram com a realização de um curso de trinta horas, com dez encontros on-line síncronos e assíncronos. Contou com a participação efetiva de 10 professores de diversos níveis educacionais, com formações variadas. Neste trabalho, priorizou-se a análise do discurso das propostas constituídas durante o curso. Os resultados mostram a complexidade de um ecossistema de aprendizagem, as possibilidades de enriquecer a prática pedagógica no formato aplicado. Também, apontou para a necessidade de se investir na formação docente para o uso do Pensamento Computacional, principalmente, em escolas da educação básica.
Contribuições da filosofia na formação discente no ensino secundário do Liceo Scientifico Statale Fillipo Lussana
Authors: Carminati Celso João , Pacheco Leandro Kingeski
Published: December 2023

Este artigo objetivou compreender a percepção discente relativa à respectiva formação em filosofia e à utilização do tablet como meio de apoio nessa formação, com foco delimitado pelos discentes que frequentaram, em 2015, uma turma do 4º ano do ensino secundário superior do Liceo Scientifico Statale Fillipo Lussana (LSSFL), situado na Itália. A metodologia da pesquisa contou com a aplicação de questionários junto ao professor da turma e, na análise, optou-se pela perspectiva descritiva analítica: i) utilizou um questionário composto por dez perguntas abertas; ii) apoiada em Bardin (2011), desenvolveu a análise de conteúdo e a categorização das respostas discentes, considerando o critério da pertinência das diversas respostas para cada pergunta; iii) ainda considerando o critério de pertinência, comparou as diversas respostas discentes com dois parâmetros para o ensino de filosofia, o Decreto Interministerial nº 211 (ITALIA, 2010), que prescreve competências e conhecimentos para o ensino em filosofia no ensino secundário superior italiano e a Programação de área do departamento de professores de filosofia do Liceo (LSSFL, 2014), que prescreve e acompanha didáticas e recursos para o ensino em filosofia no ensino secundário superior do LSSFL; iv) e buscou refletir, brevemente, sobre as categorias analíticas, com o apoio de Cândido (2005), Tomazetti (2005), Ghedin (2008), Horn (2009), Guido, Gallo e Kohan (2013), Moraes e Tomazetti (2014). Os resultados, justificados por pareceres e percentuais, indicaram uma percepção discente fortemente favorável em relação à respectiva formação em filosofia, assim como em relação à utilização do tablet como meio de apoio nessa formação.
Reforma do Ensino Médio no Rio Grande do Sul e a superexploração da força de trabalho
Authors: Eichner Ânthony Scapin , Correa Marcos Britto , Ferreira Liliana Soares
Published: December 2023

Este artigo discute a Reforma do Ensino Médio, realizada a partir da Lei nº 13.415 de 2017, e sua implantação no Rio Grande do Sul. Tem o objetivo de analisar, tendo por base a Reforma do Ensino Médio na rede estadual de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul, as relações entre a formação de estudantes secundaristas e o estágio atual de acumulação capitalista a e suas consequências para a reprodução da força de trabalho no Brasil. Partindo do Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, a pesquisa foi procedida com análise documental e estudo bibliográfico. Constata-se que o "Novo" Ensino Médio se relaciona com o estágio atual de acumulação capitalista por se destinar à reprodução da força de trabalho no Brasil. Busca formar trabalhadores com uma ideologia individualista e meritocrática e ajustada à superexploração da força de trabalho que ocorre no Brasil.
A judicialização dos conflitos escolares e a religião na escola
Authors: Esteves Pamela suelli da , Teixeira Pedro , Taranto Fabiano
Published: December 2023

A judicialização é um fenômeno das democracias contemporâneas que consiste na intervenção das instâncias judiciárias em diferentes esferas sociais, na resolução de conflitos e na proteção dos direitos individuais e coletivos. No âmbito educacional, a judicialização pode ser percebida na dificuldade de escolas em administrar conflitos recorrendo a discursos e práticas fundamentados na normatização da lei e na punição. Neste artigo, discutimos a judicialização de conflitos envolvendo religião e escola em três movimentos: 1) analisamos a judicialização da vida nas democracias contemporâneas; 2) exploramos as disputas em torno da disciplina de ensino religioso e da presença religiosa na escola e 3) discutimos uma situação de conflito escolar de motivação religiosa que foi judicializada. Concluímos que a judicialização se configura como indício, consequência e instrumento de administração de conflitos de motivação religiosa em contextos escolares.
Estudo da Formação Inicial de Professores de Matemática
Authors: Neves Souza Janaína , Antunes de Macêdo Josué Antunes de Macêdo
Published: December 2023

Nesta pesquisa, discorreu-se sobre o mapeamento de vinte artigos que foram publicados no decorrer de 2010 a 2020 em revistas com classificação Qualis A1 e A2 pertencentes à área de ensino e são analisados sob o olhar da revisão sistemática no âmbito do Estado do Conhecimento. O objetivo é analisar os trabalhos publicados em periódicos, que tiveram o propósito de discorrer sobre as Contribuições do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) acerca da formação inicial do professor de Matemática, do ponto de vista desses pesquisadores, segundo os periódicos de pesquisa disponíveis e classificados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), classificação Qualis periódicos, referente ao quadriênio 2013-2016. Ao analisar os artigos, foi possível compreender o impacto do PIBID na formação docente, em especial na formação de professores de Matemática. Os resultados da investigação apontam que o PIBID auxilia futuros professores a serem inseridos na sala de aula, estimulando saberes docentes que são incentivados com a vivência e adquiridos com a experiência no âmbito escolar.
Classes hospitalares
Authors: Favoretto Irlaine , Villas Bôas Lúcia , Ens Romilda Teodora
Published: December 2023

Este artigo analisa produções da base de dados dos Anais do Congresso Nacional de Educação – EDUCERE (PUCPR) acerca das classes hospitalares, segmento da educação que viabiliza o início ou a continuidade do processo de aprendizagem de crianças e adolescentes que, por estarem internados, encontram-se afastados da escola. Para tanto, realizamos uma seleção dos trabalhos, no período de 2008 a 2019, nas modalidades de apresentação do evento (comunicação, mesa redonda, pôster e relato de experiência) que continham os termos classe(s) hospitalar(es), docência hospitalar, educação hospitalar, escola no hospital, hospitalização escolarizada e professor hospitalar no título, no resumo e/ou nas palavras-chave independentemente do eixo temático. A seleção culminou em 56 trabalhos em que os resumos, após processados pelo programa de estatística textual Alceste, geraram cinco classes cujas análises evidenciaram: um enfoque na figura do professor e sua atuação em sala do hospital (Classe 1), a identidade profissional (Classe 2) e as tensões da classe (Classe 3); questões relacionadas à implantação de classes hospitalares situada na interface entre as áreas da educação e saúde, em nível nacional (Classe 4) e em nível estadual (Classe 5). Frente aos resultados, destacamos a relevância de estudos que explorem o conhecimento já produzido com vistas a gerar novas pesquisas que satisfaçam ou incrementem as questões que ficaram em aberto de modo a potencializar a possiblidade de um movimento harmonioso entre as áreas da educação e da saúde.
Rotas de aprendizagem para o ensino superior
Authors: Nadielli Maria dos Santos Galvão  , Henrique Nou Schneider
Published: December 2023

Rotas de aprendizagem são sequências didáticas definidas por um professor, visando nortear o processo de aprendizagem de um determinado tema, consistindo em um recurso adequado para uso nos Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem. Assim, para uma boa criação destes materiais, torna-se relevante que o docente conheça pesquisas que demonstrem a adoção de Rotas de Aprendizagem e, assim, adapte os achados ao seu contexto.  Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o perfil das pesquisas científicas internacionais, sobre Rotas de Aprendizagem implementadas em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem, para o ensino superior, entre 2013 e 2022. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliométrica na plataforma Scopus. O ano de 2021 foi o que apresentou o maior quantitativo de pesquisas. O estudo mais citado foi o “Learning Analytics and Digital Badges: Potential Impact on Student Retention in Higher Education”.  As áreas de ciências sociais e ciência da computação foram aquelas com mais trabalhos. Percebeu-se que cada autor da amostra publicou apenas 1 artigo sobre o assunto e que Portugal e Alemanha foram os países com a maior quantidade de estudos. Por sua vez, o inglês foi o idioma mais utilizado nas pesquisas. No que concerne às palavras-chave, as mais adotadas foram higher education, e-learning, learning paths, blended learning, credentials, digital badges, learning analytics, learning management systems, microlearning, online course, sustainability, sendo possível organizar 4 grandes linhas de pesquisa com base nas redes existentes entre elas e as demais palavras-chave.
Efeitos do uso combinado de fórmulas magistrais chinesas e dietoterapia chinesa no tratamento de hiperlipidemia, distúrbio urinário e lama biliar em cão geriátrico - Relato de caso
Authors: Dalmas Gabriela Lima , Fagundes Rodrigo , Mariani Luiza Prado Ricardo dos Santos , Michelotto Junior Pedro Vicente , Capriglione Luiz Guilherme Achcar
Published: December 2023

Nas últimas três décadas, a medicina tradicional oriental tem conquistado uma popularidade crescente no Ocidente. Esse crescimento está intimamente relacionado com a procura constante de abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras e não convencionais para lidar com questões de saúde, tanto em seres humanos quanto em animais. Enquanto a medicina ocidental se concentra na identificação de causas específicas para cada doença, a abordagem da medicina tradicional oriental difere, já que não categoriza as doenças da mesma maneira. Na perspectiva oriental, a saúde é vista como o estado natural do corpo e o objetivo do tratamento é restaurar o equilíbrio para permitir a cura eficaz. O relato de caso apresentado teve como finalidade demonstrar a eficácia no tratamento de distúrbio urinário, dislipidemia e lama biliar em um cão geriátrico. Utilizando métodos da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC), como palpação abdominal e diagnóstico oriental, foram identificados desequilíbrios energéticos. O tratamento integrativo incluiu terapias chinesas, mudança na dieta e fórmulas magistrais. Após a administração das terapias, houve melhorias significativas do animal, evidenciadas por exames de urina, sangue e ultrassonografia. A discussão destaca a correlação entre os distúrbios apresentados e os princípios da MTC, abordando a influência do Qi e Xue. A escolha das fórmulas e dieta baseou-se nos meridianos afetados. A MTC foi obteve resultados na restauração do equilíbrio corporal e promoção da saúde em cães idosos, proporcionando uma alternativa segura aos tratamentos convencionais, conforme as necessidades individuais de cada animal. A abordagem integrativa não apenas aliviou sintomas clínicos, mas também tratou as causas subjacentes, reforçando a MTC como uma opção valiosa na medicina veterinária.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Marwit-Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory/Short form for Brazilian culture
Authors: Mattos Emanuela , ´Paloma Santos Oliveira Jéssica , Sousa Castro Luana , Maria Pires Camargo Novelli Marcia , Vieira da Silva Falçao Deusivania , Meuser Thomas
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The Marwit-Meuuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI) is an inventory that assesses grief in caregivers of people with dementia, which is an experience little explored in the Brazilian context. Objective: Cross-culturally adapt the MM-CGI/Short Form for use in Brazil. Material and Method: An initial translation was performed; synthesis of translations; evaluation of this synthesis by the committee of expert judges to analyze the face and content validity, evaluation by the target audience and the back translation. Results: The single version compiled into 60 items was evaluated by expert judges. The final version by the target audience with family caregivers (n=7) and the pilot study with 86 family caregivers. Internal consistency analyzes indicated alpha coefficients of 0.84; 0.81; 0.76, for domains A, B and C. Final Considerations: The study provides the Brazilian version of this instrument, which is now called Marwit-Meuser's  Caregiver Grief Inventory/Short Form.
Impacto das práticas de atenção plena (mindfulness) no desempenho e satisfação no trabalho: revisão sistemática
Authors: Barcelos da Silva João Matheus , Faccenda Pivoto Cecília , Ziebell Oliveira Manoela
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo analisou, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura,  o impacto das práticas de atenção plena (mindfulness) no desempenho e satisfação do trabalho, caracterizando-as e identificando os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar seus resultados. A busca realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science e Scopus retornou 118 materiais. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão (artigos disponíveis na íntegra, escritos em português, inglês ou espanhol, publicados em periódicos revisados por pares e que investigam a relação entre mindfulness, satisfação no trabalho e/ou desempenho no trabalho), nove foram selecionados para análise integral, e oito artigos compuseram a amostra final. As questões norteadoras abordaram a relação das práticas de mindfulness com a satisfação no trabalho e a maneira como as práticas de mindfulness influenciam os contextos de trabalho. Os materiais analisados evidenciaram uma relação positiva entre práticas de atenção plena, satisfação e desempenho no trabalho, resiliência e bem-estar dos funcionários. Mais especificamente, demonstraram que executar exercícios de mindfulness no local de trabalho pode contribuir para a ampliação da autoconsciência e do estado de alerta dos funcionários, mostrando maior desenvolvimento referente ao foco e a calma no momento presente. A prática de mindfulness contribui para a melhora da autoconsciência, estado de alerta, equilíbrio emocional e físico, concentração, memória, empatia e autoconhecimento. Dessa forma, permite que os indivíduos lidem de forma mais eficaz com os desafios e demandas do ambiente de trabalho, bem como com o estresse, a ruminação e os pensamentos depressivos que podem decorrer desse contexto.
Apego materno-fetal em gestantes de alto risco: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Aguiar Cerqueira Sabrina , Lima Reis Henrique , Cardoso Nogueira Ketylen , De Jesus Coelho Tamiris , Manfroi Edi Cristina
Published: December 2023

Alguns fatores podem interferir no processo gravídico aumentando as chances de um diagnóstico de alto risco gestacional. Investigações acerca do apego ampliaram o campo de estudos para a relação de vínculo que a mãe estabelece com o filho ainda na gestação, utilizando-se do conceito de apego materno-fetal (AMF). O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil de estudos nacionais e internacionais acerca do AMF no contexto da gestação de alto risco por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Utilizou-se as bases Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scielo e PubMed, sendo selecionados 13 artigos produzidos no período de 2018 até 2023. Foram identificadas quatro categorias temáticas relacionadas ao fenômeno: propostas de intervenção, fatores explicativos do AMF, comparação entre gestantes de alto e baixo risco e fatores correlacionados ao AMF. Todos os estudos avaliados possuem delineamento quantitativo, com amostras variando entre 25 e 479 gestantes. A maior parte dos estudos foi realizada na Turquia e apenas um em território nacional. Os achados indicaram não haver correlação significativa entre o AMF e gestação de alto risco e sustentam o caráter multideterminado do AMF, com destaque para a importância do suporte social e familiar no período gravídico. As pesquisas experimentais apresentam fragilidades metodológicas e não impactaram significativamente na intensidade do AMF.
Ģeopolimēra saistviela ilgtspējīgu alternatīvo būvmateriālu ražošanai
Authors:   , Vītola Laura
Published: December 2023

Promocijas darba gaitā izstrādātas Eiropas Zaļajam kursam atbilstošas ģeopolimēra saistvielas un raksturotas to īpašības atkarībā no sastāva, temperatūras un maisīšanas ilguma, kā arī ceolītu klātbūtnes sastāvā. Ģeopolimēru saistvielām noteiktas mehāniskās un fizikālās īpašības, pētīta mikrostruktūra, noteikts ķīmiskais un mineraloģiskais sastāvs, kā arī raksturota to piemērotība biokompozītu izgatavošanai.
A Institucionalização da farmácia brasileira: Rio de Janeiro e Bahia, 1808-1891
Authors: Peruchi Amanda
Published: December 2023

Uma história minuciosa da institucionalização da ciência farmacêutica em território brasileiro ao longo do século XIX. A autora, ao contrário do que se tem tornado habitual em estudos do gênero produzidos nas últimas décadas, não está interessada em descontruir as verdades do saber farmacêutico, ou em revelar os supostos mecanismos ocultos de dominação que tal saber engendra, ou em denunciar as exclusões que a sua racionalidade supostamente promove ou, menos ainda, em dar voz àqueles que seriam as vítimas de tal exclusão – os tais saberes alternativos calados ou lançados à margem. Sua empreitada tem ambições menos grandiosas, mas muito mais precisas e instrutivas. Em A Institucionalização da Farmácia Brasileira, Peruchi quer tão somente mapear a emergência e a consolidação, em solo nacional, de uma ciência que ganhou poderoso impulso na Europa setecentista, com o avanço da química moderna e das ciências biológicas. E que despontou, no Oitocentos, um pouco por todo lado no Ocidente, como auxiliar indispensável das ciências médicas no seu empenho de tomar para si a missão de zelar pela preservação da saúde e da vida dos povos.
Adaptive biasing of action-selective cortical build-up activity by stimulus history
Authors: Braun Anke , Donner Tobias H
Published: December 2023

Decisions under uncertainty are often biased by the history of preceding sensory input, behavioral choices, or received outcomes. Behavioral studies of perceptual decisions suggest that such history-dependent biases affect the accumulation of evidence and can be adapted to the correlation structure of the sensory environment. Here, we systematically varied this correlation structure while human participants performed a canonical perceptual choice task. We tracked the trial-by-trial variations of history biases via behavioral modeling and of a neural signature of decision formation via magnetoencephalography (MEG). The history bias was flexibly adapted to the environment and exerted a selective effect on the build-up (not baseline level) of action-selective motor cortical activity during decision formation. This effect added to the impact of the current stimulus. We conclude that the build-up of action plans in human motor cortical circuits is shaped by dynamic prior expectations that result from an adaptive interaction with the environment.
Sustained store-operated calcium entry utilizing activated chromatin state leads to instability in iTregs
Authors: Lyu Huiyun , Yuan Guohua , Liu Xinyi , Wang Xiaobo , Geng Shuang , Xia Tie , Zhou Xuyu , Li Yinqing , Hu Xiaoyu , Shi Yan
Published: December 2023

Thymus-originated tTregs and in vitro induced iTregs are subsets of regulatory T cells. While they share the capacity of immune suppression, their stabilities are different, with iTregs losing their phenotype upon stimulation or under inflammatory milieu. Epigenetic differences, particularly methylation state of Foxp3 CNS2 region, provide an explanation for this shift. Whether additional regulations, including cellular signaling, could directly lead phenotypical instability requires further analysis. Here, we show that upon TCR (T cell receptor) triggering, SOCE (store-operated calcium entry) and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) nuclear translocation are blunted in tTregs, yet fully operational in iTregs, similar to Tconvs. On the other hand, tTregs show minimal changes in their chromatin accessibility upon activation, in contrast to iTregs that demonstrate an activated chromatin state with highly accessible T cell activation and inflammation related genes. Assisted by several cofactors, NFAT driven by strong SOCE signaling in iTregs preferentially binds to primed-opened T helper (TH) genes, resulting in their activation normally observed only in Tconv activation, ultimately leads to instability. Conversely, suppression of SOCE in iTregs can partially rescue their phenotype. Thus, our study adds two new layers, cellular signaling and chromatin accessibility, of understanding in Treg stability, and may provide a path for better clinical applications of Treg cell therapy.
Apoptotic signaling clears engineered Salmonella in an organ-specific manner
Authors: Abele Taylor J , Billman Zachary P , Li Lupeng , Harvest Carissa K , Bryan Alexia K , Magalski Gabrielle R , Lopez Joseph P , Larson Heather N , Yin Xiao-Ming , Miao Edward A
Published: December 2023

Pyroptosis and apoptosis are two forms of regulated cell death that can defend against intracellular infection. When a cell fails to complete pyroptosis, backup pathways will initiate apoptosis. Here, we investigated the utility of apoptosis compared to pyroptosis in defense against an intracellular bacterial infection. We previously engineered Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to persistently express flagellin, and thereby activate NLRC4 during systemic infection in mice. The resulting pyroptosis clears this flagellin-engineered strain. We now show that infection of caspase-1 or gasdermin D deficient macrophages by this flagellin-engineered S. Typhimurium induces apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, we engineered S. Typhimurium to translocate the pro-apoptotic BH3 domain of BID, which also triggers apoptosis in macrophages in vitro. During mouse infection, the apoptotic pathway successfully cleared these engineered S. Typhimurium from the intestinal niche but failed to clear the bacteria from the myeloid niche in the spleen or lymph nodes. In contrast, the pyroptotic pathway was beneficial in defense of both niches. To clear an infection, cells may have specific tasks that they must complete before they die; different modes of cell death could initiate these ‘bucket lists’ in either convergent or divergent ways.
Folding of prestin’s anion-binding site and the mechanism of outer hair cell electromotility
Authors: Lin Xiaoxuan , Haller Patrick R , Bavi Navid , Faruk Nabil , Perozo Eduardo , Sosnick Tobin R
Published: December 2023

Prestin responds to transmembrane voltage fluctuations by changing its cross-sectional area, a process underlying the electromotility of outer hair cells and cochlear amplification. Prestin belongs to the SLC26 family of anion transporters yet is the only member capable of displaying electromotility. Prestin’s voltage-dependent conformational changes are driven by the putative displacement of residue R399 and a set of sparse charged residues within the transmembrane domain, following the binding of a Cl− anion at a conserved binding site formed by the amino termini of the TM3 and TM10 helices. However, a major conundrum arises as to how an anion that binds in proximity to a positive charge (R399), can promote the voltage sensitivity of prestin. Using hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we find that prestin displays an unstable anion-binding site, where folding of the amino termini of TM3 and TM10 is coupled to Cl− binding. This event shortens the TM3–TM10 electrostatic gap, thereby connecting the two helices, resulting in reduced cross-sectional area. These folding events upon anion binding are absent in SLC26A9, a non-electromotile transporter closely related to prestin. Dynamics of prestin embedded in a lipid bilayer closely match that in detergent micelle, except for a destabilized lipid-facing helix TM6 that is critical to prestin’s mechanical expansion. We observe helix fraying at prestin’s anion-binding site but cooperative unfolding of multiple lipid-facing helices, features that may promote prestin’s fast electromechanical rearrangements. These results highlight a novel role of the folding equilibrium of the anion-binding site, and help define prestin’s unique voltage-sensing mechanism and electromotility.
Next-generation predictive maintenance: leveraging blockchain and dynamic deep learning in a domain-independent system
Authors: Alabadi Montdher , Habbal Adib
Published: December 2023

The fourth industrial revolution, often referred to as Industry 4.0, has revolutionized the manufacturing sector by integrating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine and deep learning, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing, cyber physical systems (CPSs) and cognitive computing, throughout the production life cycle. Predictive maintenance (PdM) emerges as a critical component, utilizing data analytic to track machine health and proactively detect machinery failures. Deep learning (DL), is pivotal in this context, offering superior accuracy in prediction through neural networks’ data processing capabilities. However, DL adoption in PdM faces challenges, including continuous model updates and domain dependence. Meanwhile, centralized DL models, prevalent in PdM, pose security risks such as central points of failure and unauthorized access. To address these issues, this study presents an innovative decentralized PdM system integrating DL, blockchain, and decentralized storage based on the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for accurately predicting Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL). DL handles predictive tasks, while blockchain secures data orchestration. Decentralized storage safeguards model metadata and training data for dynamic models. The system features synchronized two DL pipelines for time series data, encompassing prediction and training mechanisms. The detailed material and methods of this research shed light on the system’s development and validation processes. Rigorous validation confirms the system’s accuracy, performance, and security through an experimental testbed. The results demonstrate the system’s dynamic updating and domain independence. Prediction model surpass state-of-the-art models in terms of the root mean squared error (RMSE) score. Blockchain-based scalability performance was tested based on smart contract gas usage, and the analysis shows efficient performance across varying input and output data scales. A comprehensive CIA analysis highlights the system’s robust security features, addressing confidentiality, integrity, and availability aspects. The proposed decentralized predictive maintenance (PdM) system, which incorporates deep learning (DL), blockchain technology, and decentralized storage, has the potential to improve predictive accuracy and overcome significant security and scalability obstacles. Consequently, this system holds promising implications for the advancement of predictive maintenance in the context of Industry 4.0.
Proximal tubule cells in blood and urine as potential biomarkers for kidney disease biopsy
Authors: Lin Minwa , Zhong Yingxue , Zhou Dan , Guan Baozhang , Hu Bo , Wang Panpan , Liu Fanna
Published: December 2023

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing kidney disease, yet there remains a need to further explore pathological mechanisms and develop minimally invasive diagnostic methods. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to assess the cellular heterogeneity of kidney diseases. We analyzed gene expression profiles from renal tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and urine of four patients with nephritis. Our findings identified 12 distinct cell subsets in renal tissues and leukocytes. These subsets encompassed fibroblast cells, mesangial cells, epithelial cells, proximal tubule cells (PTCs), and six immune cell types: CD8+ T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, B cells, and neutrophils. Interestingly, PTCs were present in both PBMCs and urine samples but absent in healthy blood samples. Furthermore, several populations of fibroblast cells, mesangial cells, and PTCs exhibited pro-inflammatory or pro-apoptotic behaviors. Our gene expression analysis highlighted the critical role of inflammatory PTCs and fibroblasts in nephritis development and progression. These cells showed high expression of pro-inflammatory genes, which could have chemotactic and activating effect on neutrophils. This was substantiated by the widespread in these cells. Notably, the gene expression profiles of inflammatory PTCs in PBMCs, urine, and kidney tissues had high similarity. This suggests that PTCs in urine and PBMCs hold significant potential as alternative markers to invasive kidney biopsies.
Relationship between isokinetic strength of the knee joint and countermovement jump performance in elite boxers
Authors: Chen Chao , Ali Zhalel , Rehman Rashid Muhammad Abdul , Samethanovna Marchibayeva Ulbossyn , Wu Guodong , Mukhametkali Sagidolla , Dilnur Tussipkan
Published: December 2023

Background

The lower limbs play a key role to develop the linear momentum for hitting power in effective boxing. The knee extensor and flexor strength guarantees the dynamic stability of boxers. The insufficient extensor strength of the lower extremities causes compensation during flexion resulting in movement errors or damage to knee joint muscles. This study was conducted to explore the isokinetic concentric strength of the knee flexor and extensor and the relationship between isokinetic knee extensors strength and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in elite boxers.

Methods

Thirteen elite male boxers (Age: 25.15 ± 3.98 years, height 1.72 ± 0.04 m, weight 61.82 ± 10.46 kg, training years = 11.56 ± 2.67 years) performed the CMJ, and the isokinetic knee test was performed using the Biodex dynamometer.

Results

The maximal isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensor and flexor muscles was recorded at three angular velocities (60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s) on both sides of the legs. The relative peak value of torque in the knee extensors decreased significantly with increasing angular velocity. A difference in relative peak torque (RPT) was only seen at 60°/s in knee flexors. However, the H/Q ratio increased as the velocity increased from 60°/s to 240°/s (P < 0.05). The highest peak torque was found in the knee extensors at a velocity of 240°/s (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). The correlation between RPT and vertical jump height was the strongest at 240°/s. The strongest relationship was found between the height of the CMJ and the RPT of the deficit of knee extensors.

Conclusions

We suggest that explosive force training of the isokinetic muscles should be optimally carried out at a speed of 240°/s. The results of this study provide a reference for boxers to improve their jump height and lower-limb explosive strength through isokinetic strength training of the knee flexor and extensor.
Studies on the Durability of Plastic Pavers Tested on a Roadway in the City of Kinshasa in the DRC
Authors: Alfa Weya Mazinkene , Angèle Tabu Makusi , Dieudonné Musibono Eyul Anki , Muzele Taba Kalulu , Didas Mpuru Mazembe , Emmanuel Biey Makaly
Published: December 2023

Objectives: In the City of Kinshasa, most of the roads are unpaved and public transport poses enormous problems. This study, carried out with the assistance of the Office of Roads and Drainage (OVD), experiments with the adaptation of paving stones resulting from the recycling of thermoplastic waste following the formula defined by the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Technology and Environmental Microbiology (LBTME) of the University of Kinshasa for the production of good paving stones: 65% fine sand against 35% thermoplastic waste.

Research Design: The study is subdivided into six parts: introduction, study environment, materials and methods, results, discussion and conclusion.

Location and Duration: The study was carried out on the section of Belgika street between Kabambare and Croix-rouge streets/municipality of Barumbu/city of Kinshasa from April 2, 2012 to June 7, 2020.

Methodology: We carried out three tests: resistance, test board and adhesion. We also carried out an investigation targeting local residents and the OVD authorities.

Results: The Resistance Test: 13 N/mm², a better average value compared to the pavers stored at the OVD (10 N/mm²). This strength value is crucial for understanding the behavior of materials under different loads, which is essential for the design and analysis of structures in engineering. Testing the test boards: good adaptation of the pavers without breakage, otherwise some disturbances in certain places due to the sagging of the foundation layer and the frame edges. The grip test carried out at an average speed of 85 km/h for an average braking distance of 7.3 m did not break any blocks.

Conclusion: It is demonstrated that plastic pavers have shown their durability and importance for the construction of secondary and tertiary roads in the City of Kinshasa compared to bitumen and concrete and therefore deserves particular attention.
Effects of Sexual Violence on Girls’ and Women’s Well-Being in Meru District Council
Authors: Mhina Juma Almasi , Mahanyu Mwanaidi Selemeni , LudovickTemba Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

This study examined the effects of sexual violence on girls’ and women’s wellbeing. It was conducted at Meru District Council. It used a sample size of 154 girls and women obtained by using simple random sampling technique. Cross-sectional research design was used in which quantitative data were collected. They were collected using questionnaire with a Likert Scale where statement(s) like highest, high, average, low and very low were used to show the level of sexual violence effects to the respondent(s). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics in which frequencies and percentages were produced with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ver.20. The study found that sexual transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies are the most sexual violence effects to women and girls.  This paper concludes that sexual transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies are the most sexual violence effects noticed in the study area at the rate of 81.8% and 78.5% respectively. These effects affect the well-being of girls and women which encompasses various aspects of their lives, including physical health, mental and emotional well-being, social connections, and access to opportunities. It is recommended that community, civil society organizations and the government should play their vital role to ensure sexual violence practices in the study area are reduced and eventually completely abolished.
Evaluation of Bio-control Agents for the Management of Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira, 1960) on Cowpea
Authors: Ria Kshetrimayum , Devi Gitanjali , Bhattacharyya Badal , Saikia Mitul
Published: December 2023

To evaluate the efficacy of different bio-control agents against reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on cowpea (var. local) investigations were carried out under net house conditions. Results illustrated that all the treatments were effective in improving the plant growth parameters and reducing the nematode population. Among all the treatments, Biozin-PTB (10% w/w) proved to be best in promoting shoot length, fresh and dry weight of shoot of the plant with the percentages of increase 64.15%, 85.25% and 65.12% respectively. Followed by treatment with Biofor-PF2 (10% w/w) and Biozium (10% w/w) in stimulating shoot length with the percentages of increase 55.90% and 47.38%, fresh weight of shoot with the percentages of increase 68.05% and 55.95% and dry weight of shoot with the percentages of increase 61.12% and 50.00% respectively. Similarly, Biozin-PTB (10% w/w) followed by Biofor-PF2 (10% w/w) and Biozium (10%w/w) proved to be efficient in reducing the nematode population, number of females and egg masses as well as reproduction rate. The number of healthy Rhizobium nodules was increased by all the treatments and the highest nodule development was found in treatment with Biozin-PTB (10% w/w). It was observed that the combination product of bioagent performed better than the single bioagent.
A Comprehensive Review on Persimmon (Diospyros kaki): Botanical, Horticultural, and Varietal Perspectives
Authors: Jain Shubham , Ranganna G. , Mohapatra Sipra , Rathod Manjunath , Homeshvari  , Kore Deepak S. , Saxena Saransh , Anushi
Published: December 2023

Persimmon, belonging to the genus Diospyros, is a deciduous fruit tree renowned for its distinctive fruit and nutritional richness. This review provides a comprehensive examination of persimmon, encompassing its botanical taxonomy, morphological features, and genetic diversity. The horticultural section explores optimal cultivation practices, varietal characteristics, and methods of propagation, while addressing challenges like pest management. Persimmons are not only valued for their sweet and flavorful taste but are also rich in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, contributing to potential health benefits. The paper discusses the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and emerging evidence of persimmon's positive impacts on health. Furthermore, it touches upon global consumption trends, trade dynamics, and the economic significance of persimmons. Future research directions and areas requiring further exploration are highlighted, underscoring the importance of this fruit in agriculture and human nutrition.
Production of Lac and Seed of Cajanus cajan under Varying Stresses
Authors: Patel Sahab Kumar , Thomas Moni , Anjana Gopilal , Patidar Rahul , Pahalwan Deep Kumar , Bhan Manish , Bajpai Alok , Singh Anil Kumar , Tripathi Niraj
Published: December 2023

Production pulse and lac from the same plant of Cajanus cajan simultaneously provides two cash crops from the same plant is important for pigeonpea growers of both continents - Africa and Asia. The highest raw lac production per plant was 171.17 g while the highest seed yield was 1383.33 g per plant. C. cajan plant with least stress i.e., less lac insects had highest 100 lac cell weight 1.57 g (Low biotic stress) while it was 1.41 g in plants with (Medium biotic stress). The seed yield per plant was highest (1137.78 g) in plants under high biotic stress. It was least (872.22 g) in plants with Low biotic stress.
Further Results on Unicity of q- Shift Difference-Differential Polynomials of Meromorphic Functions
Authors: Waghamore Harina P. , Manakame Megha M.
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to studying the uniqueness of q-shift difference-differential polynomials of transcendental meromorphic functions of zero order with weight . Here we established unicity results on difference operators when two such functions sharing 1- points. Our findings extend some previous existing results.