bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning on Singlet Oxygen Generation by Outer‐Sphere Microenvironment Modulation in Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Oxidation
Authors: Suleman Suleman , Zhang Yi , Qian Yunyang , Zhang Jinwei , Lin Zhongyuan , Metin Önder , Meng Zheng , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: November 2023

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is ubiquitously involved in various photocatalytic oxidation reactions; however, efficient and selective production of 1O2 is still challenging. Herein, we reported the synthesis of nickel porphyrin‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) incorporating functional groups with different electron‐donating/‐withdrawing features on their pore walls. These functional groups established a dedicated outer‐sphere microenvironment surrounding the Ni catalytic center that tunes the activity of the COFs for 1O2‐mediated thioether oxidation. With the increase of the electron‐donating ability of functional groups, the modulated outer‐sphere microenvironment turns on the catalytic activity from a yield of nearly zero by the cyano group functionalized COF to an excellent yield of 98 % by the methoxy group functionalized one. Electronic property investigation and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the distinct excitonic behaviors attributed to the diverse band energy levels and orbital compositions are responsible for the different activities. This study represents the first regulation of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on the strategy of outer‐sphere microenvironment modulation in COFs.
A Versatile Comonomer Additive for Radically Recyclable Vinyl‐derived Polymers
Authors: Mineo Autumn M. , Katsumata Reika
Published: November 2023

Radically‐formed, vinyl‐derived polymers account for over 30 % of polymer production. Connected through stable carbon‐carbon bonds, these materials are notoriously challenging to chemically recycle. Herein, we report universal copolymerization of a cyclic allyl sulfide (CAS) additive with multiple monomers under free‐radical conditions, to introduce main‐chain dynamic motifs. Backbone allyl sulfides undergo post‐polymerization radical rearrangement via addition‐fragmentation‐transfer (AFT) that fosters both chain scission and extension. Scission is selectively induced through allyl sulfide exchange with small molecule thiyl radicals, resulting in oligomers as low as 14 % of the initial molar mass. Crucially, oligomers retain allyl sulfide end groups, enabling their extension with monomer under radical conditions. Extended, i.e., recycled, product molar mass is tunable through the ratio of monomer to oligomer, and can surpass that of the initial copolymer. Two scission‐extension cycles are demonstrated in copolymers with methyl methacrylate and styrene without escalation in dispersity. In illustration of forming higher‐value products, i.e., upcycling, we synthesized block copolymers through the extension of oligomers with a different vinyl monomer. Collectively, our approach to chemical recycling is unparalleled in its ability to 1) function in a variety of vinyl‐derived polymers, 2) complete radical closed‐loop cycling, and 3) upcycle waste material.
Correlating Structural Disorder in Metal (Oxy)hydroxides and Catalytic Activity in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zuo Shouwei , Wu Zhi‐Peng , Zhang Guikai , Chen Cailing , Ren Yuanfu , Liu Qiao , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jing , Han Yu , Zhang Huabin
Published: December 2023

Understanding the correlation between the structural evolution of electrocatalysts and their catalytic activity is both essential and challenging. In this study, we investigate this correlation in the context of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by examining the influence of structural disorder during and after dynamic structural evolution on the OER activity of Fe−Ni (oxy)hydroxide catalysts using operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, alongside other experiments and theoretical calculations. The Debye–Waller factors obtained from extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analyses reflect the degree of structural disorder and exhibit a robust correlation with the intrinsic OER activities of the electrocatalysts. The enhanced OER activity of in situ‐generated metal (oxy)hydroxides derived from different pre‐catalysts is linked to increased structural disorder, offering a promising approach for designing efficient OER electrocatalysts. This strategy may inspire similar investigations in related electrocatalytic energy‐conversion systems.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers via NHC Catalyzed Desymmetrization and Following Resolution
Authors: Zhou Bang‐An , Li Xue‐Ning , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Ye Song
Published: November 2023

Axially chiral diaryl ethers are present in numerous natural products and bioactive molecules. However, only few catalytic enantioselective approaches have been established to access diaryl ether atropisomers. Herein, we report the N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral diaryl ethers via desymmetrization of prochiral 2‐aryloxyisophthalaldehydes with aliphatic alcohols, phenol derivatives, and heteroaromatic amines. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity. The utility of this methodology is illustrated by late‐stage functionalization, gram‐scale synthesis, and diverse enantioretentive transformations. Control experiments and DFT calculations support the association of NHC‐catalyzed desymmetrization with following kinetic resolution to enhance the enantioselectivity.
Synthesis and properties of a novel ionic liquid copolymer shale inhibitor
Authors: Bai Xiaodong , Chen Yu , Wu Lianci , Wang Moubo , Luo Yumei
Published: November 2023

As oil reserves in shallow wells continue to deplete, the drilling industry must shift its focus toward extracting oil from deeper and more complex formations. Water‐based drilling fluid inhibitors are currently limited in their ability to withstand high temperatures. In the current work, for the first time, the application of 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide salt‐allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (PIAA) as the shale inhibitor is reported. The incorporation of ionic liquids has made PIAA promising to be an effective shale inhibitor for high‐temperature‐tolerant water‐based drilling fluids. The high‐temperature resistance (300°C) of PIAA was verified through thermogravimetric test. Through mud ball, shale rolling recovery, and linear swelling experiments, we found that PIAA yielded the lowest swelling rate (27.3%) in the 24‐h linear swelling rate test, as compared to HMA‐15 (46.1%) and FA‐367 (31.2%). This confirmed the superior corrosion inhibition performance of PIAA. In addition, we investigated the inhibition mechanism using Zeta potential and other tests. Bentonite inhibition can be achieved through the coating of bentonite particles by PIAA, which effectively plugs shale pores, neutralizes negative charges on the surface of bentonite particles, and adsorbs them onto particle surfaces. Overall, PIAA has excellent high‐temperature resistance and inhibition properties.
Regional outcome disparities in German head and neck cancer patients: Shorter survival in Eastern Germany
Authors: Vahl Julius M. , Nagel Gabriele , Abou Kors Tsima , Brand Matthias , von Witzleben Adrian , Sonntag Michael , Grages Ayla , Theodoraki Marie N. , Greve Jens , Denkinger Michael , Dallmeier Dhayana , Idel Christian , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Laban Simon
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Demographics are important prognostic factors in malignant diseases. A nationwide analysis concerning the prognostic impact of demographics in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (HNCP) has not been performed previously.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of data from the Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) and the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) between 2002 and 2017 was performed. A total of 212′920 HNCP were included. Incidence, tumor stage, age development, sex distribution, age‐, residence‐, and diagnosis‐time‐specific survival were examined.

Results

Mean age of HNCP increased more rapidly than in the general population (slope coefficient: 0.29 vs. 0.20; p < 0.0001). Higher age and male sex were associated with a worse prognosis. Whereas overall survival (OS) increased from the early to the later observation period for HNCP <70 years, no OS improvement for HNCP >70 years was found. Furthermore, an OS disadvantage was observed for East Germany compared to West Germany (median 47 vs. 60 months; p < 0.0001). This disparity was associated with a disproportionately high ratio of men in East Germany (men/women: 4.4 vs. 3.1; p < 0.0001) and a lower mean age (61 vs. 63 years; p < 0.0001). In addition to stage, age and sex, residence in East Germany were confirmed as an independent factor for OS in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Finally, three decades after the German reunion, a survival disadvantage for patients in East Germany still exists. This discrepancy may be a result of socioeconomic disparities.
Stakeholder involvement in a Cochrane review of physical rehabilitation after stroke: Description and reflections
Authors: Brown Julie , Baer Gill , Cameron Sheila , Jackson Karl , Lamouline Carrol , Morley Richard , Ormsby Diane , Synnot Anneliese , Todhunter‐Brown Alex
Published: December 2023

Introduction

It is good practice to involve stakeholders in systematic reviews, but it is not clear how best to involve them.

Aim

To describe and reflect on the stakeholder involvement within an update of a Cochrane review of physical rehabilitation after stroke.

Methods

A stakeholder group, comprising 15 stroke survivors, carers, and physiotherapists from across the United Kingdom, were recruited and contributed throughout the process of the review. A framework was used to describe when and how stakeholders were involved. Stakeholders provided feedback on their involvement after meetings. An amended version of a validated patient engagement tool was used to collect reflections on the stakeholder involvement process.

Results

Five stakeholder meetings were held throughout the review process, supplemented by additional communication. Several changes were made to the review structure, analyses, and wording as a direct result of the stakeholder involvement. Stakeholders and researchers agreed that stakeholders' contributions were taken seriously and influenced the review. Stakeholders felt that they were given the chance to share their views and that information was shared well before, during, and after each meeting to help them to contribute knowledgeably in the process. Stakeholder reflections highlighted a number of key lessons relating to stakeholder involvement, including process of reflection and feedback, use of remote/virtual meetings, need for adequate time and funding, tensions experienced by clinicians, and recruitment considerations.

Conclusions

We describe and reflect on stakeholder involvement in a systematic review and explores practical ways to support meaningful engagement during systematic review production. Our experience supports the view that coproducing reviews with stakeholders can make systematic reviews more relevant and meaningful. Our approach and experiences can be used to inform future review coproduction, supporting development of useful reviews that will improve clinical practice.
Optimization study of obstacles in T–T mixing channel at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Rampalli Shasidhar , Raju V. R. K.
Published: November 2023

In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to optimize obstacle geometry for improving mixing in T–T mixers at low Reynolds numbers (2 < Re < 100). The study considered obstacles of cylindrical and prismatic shapes and optimized their pitch and geometrical parameters for enhanced mixing. For cylindrical obstacles, the optimized configuration resulted in symmetrical recirculation zones at Re > 30, which led to larger mixing qualities of 80% and 85% for Re values above 30 and 50, respectively. However, the pressure drop increased in the optimized T–T mixer due to the larger size of the obstacles. On the other hand, in the case of prismatic obstacles, the mixing qualities of 80% and 85% were achieved only at relatively higher Re values of 70 and 90, respectively. The recirculation zone formed behind the obstacle was asymmetric due to the asymmetrical shape of the optimized prism. At higher Re, the optimized cylindrical obstacle configuration resulted in better mixing than the prismatic configuration. However, the choking effect in the former increased the pressure drop.
Should patients with hormone receptor–positive, HER2–negative breast cancer and one or two positive sentinel nodes undergo axillary dissection to determine candidacy for adjuvant abemaciclib?
Authors: Williams Austin D. , Ruth Karen , Shaikh Saba S. , Vasigh Mahtab , Pronovost Mary T. , Aggon Allison A. , Porpiglia Andrea S. , Bleicher Richard J.
Published: November 2023

Background

The monarchE trial demonstrated improved outcomes with the use of adjuvant abemaciclib in patients with high‐risk hormone receptor–positive, HER2–negative (HR+/HER2–) breast cancer defined as ≥4 positive lymph nodes (+LNs) or one to three +LNs with one or more additional high‐risk features (HRFs). The proportion of patients with one or two positive sentinel lymph nodes (+SLNs) without HRFs who had ≥4 +LNs at the time of completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), and who therefore qualified for receipt of abemaciclib, was investigated.

Methods

Females with pathologically node‐positive nonmetastatic HR+/HER2– breast cancer stratified by the number of +SLNs and +LNs and the presence of one or more HRFs were identified from the National Cancer Database (2018–2019). The proportion of patients meeting the criteria for abemaciclib both before and after ALND was assessed.

Results

Of the 22,048 patients identified, 1578 patients underwent upfront surgery, had one or two +SLNs without HRFs, and went on to cALND. Only 213 (13%) of these patients had ≥4 +LNs; thus, cALND performed solely to determine abemaciclib candidacy would have constituted surgical overtreatment in 1365 patients (87%). When stratified by the number of +SLNs, only 10% of those with one +SLN and 24% of those with two +SLNs had ≥4 +LNs after cALND, which meets the criteria for abemaciclib.

Conclusions

Patients with one +SLN without HRFs are unlikely to have ≥4 +LNs and should not be subjected to the morbidity of ALND in order to inform candidacy for abemaciclib. An individualized multidisciplinary discussion should be undertaken about the risk:benefit ratio of ALND and abemaciclib for those with two +SLNs.
Higher BST2 Expression Promotes the Anti‐HBV Effect of IFN‐α and BST2 Genetic Variant Predicts PegIFNα Treatment Response of HBeAg‐Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Chen Jiaxuan , Hou Jia , Na Rong , Zhou Bin , Hou Jinlin , Jiang De‐Ke
Published: November 2023

We previously reported that an interferon (IFN)‐inducible protein, BST2, was regulated by the JAK–STAT pathway activated by CD40, and subsequently suppressing hepatitis B virus (HBV) repliaction and transcription. The current research attempted to assess the impact of BST2 on the IFN‐treated anti‐HBV effect, and explore BST2 variants for predicting pegylated IFN alpha (PegIFNα) therapy response of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Using an HBV‐transfected cell model, the function of BST2 on HBV DNA replication and transcription driven by IFN was studied. The potentially functional BST2 variants were selected through a strategy of gene‐wide screening. The associations of BST2 variants and polygenic score (PGS) model, which was used to quantify the combined influence of several genetic variants, with treatment response were examined in 2 separate PegIFNα‐treated cohorts of 238 and 707 patients with CHB, respectively. We found that overexpression of BST2 improved the anti‐HBV activity triggered by IFN‐α. Among PegIFNα‐treated patients with CHB, BST2_rs9576 was screened out to be significantly correlated with combined response (CR; i.e., HBeAg seroconversion along with HBV DNA level <3.3log10IU/mL, P = 7.12 × 10−5). Additionally, there was a strong correlation between the PGS incorporating BST2_rs9576 and other 5 genetic variations (previously described predictors of therapy response to PegIFNα) and CR (P = 1.81 × 10−13), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level (P = 0.004), as well as HBsAg decline (P = 0.017). In conclusion, higher BST2 expression responded better to IFN‐α treatment. BST2_rs9576 is an effective indicator to forecast therapy response of PegIFNα‐treated patients with CHB. The PGS possesses the potential to boost the ability of PegIFNα therapy response.
Cerebral hypometabolism mediates the effect of stroke volume on cognitive impairment in heart failure patients
Authors: Zheng Chong , Cui Yadong , Gu Shanshan , Yan Shaozhen , Cui Bixiao , Song Tianbin , Li Jing , Si Jin , Xiao Keling , Ge Qi , Yang Yang , Zhou Yun , Li Jing , Li Xiang , Lu Jie
Published: December 2023

Aims

The present study aimed to phenotype the cerebral structural and glucose metabolic alterations in patients with heart failure (HF) using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) and to investigate their relationship to cardiac biomarkers and cognitive performance.

Methods and results

Forty‐two HF patients caused by ischaemic heart disease (mean age 67.2 ± 10.4, 32 males) and 32 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers (mean age 61.3 ± 4.8, 18 males) were included in this study. Participants underwent simultaneous cerebral fluorine‐18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MR followed by cardiac MR scan, and neuropsychological scores were obtained to assess cognitive performance. The grey matter volume (GMV) and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) were calculated to examine cerebral structural and metabolic alterations. Cardiac biomarkers included cardiac MR parameters and cardiac serum laboratory tests. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the associations among cerebral alterations, cardiac biomarkers, and cognitive performance. HF patients demonstrated notable cognitive impairment compared with normal controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, HF patients exhibited regional brain hypometabolism in the bilateral calcarine cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, lingual and olfactory cortex, and GMV reduction in bilateral thalamus and hippocampus (cluster level at P < 0.05, Gaussian random field correction). The SUVR of the hypometabolic brain regions was correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores (r = 0.55, P = 0.038) and cardiac stroke volume (r = 0.49, P = 0.002). Cerebral hypometabolism played a key role in the relationship between the decreased stroke volume and MoCA scores, with a mediation effect of 33.2%.

Conclusions

HF patients suffered cerebral metabolic and structural alterations in regions associated with cognition. The observed correlation between cardiac stroke volume and cognitive impairment underscored the potential influence of cerebral hypometabolism, suggesting that cerebral hypometabolism due to chronic systemic hypoperfusion may significantly contribute to cognitive impairment in HF patients.
PERPRISE: A prospective non‐interventional study of PERampanel as only adjunctive treatment in patients with PRImary or SEcondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures: First interim analysis
Authors: Steinhoff Bernhard J , Goldmann Tobias , Kockelmann Edgar , Winter Yaroslav ,   for the PERPRISE Study Group
Published: November 2023

Objective

To report the interim results of the PERPRISE study (Study 509; NCT04202159), which is evaluating perampanel as the only adjunctive anti‐seizure medication (ASM) in adults with focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS) or primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS).

Methods

PERPRISE is an ongoing 12‐month multicenter, prospective, observational, non‐interventional study of perampanel in a real‐world setting in Germany. Patients are aged ≥18 years with FBTCS or GTCS due to focal or idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Perampanel, as an adjunctive therapy to ASM monotherapy (‘add‐on therapy’) or as a substitute for one ASM in dual therapy (‘substitution therapy’), is prescribed in line with its SmPC. The Interim Analysis Set comprises the first 100 patients who received ≥1 dose of perampanel and attended or discontinued prior to the ~6‐month visit. Interim endpoints include retention rate, measures of effects on seizure frequency, and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results

One hundred patients were included in the Interim Analysis Set (add‐on, n = 43 [43.0%]; substitution, n = 55 [55.0%]; unknown, n = 2). The 6‐month retention rate was 78.0% (add‐on, 83.7%; substitution, 72.7%). For the overall population with GTCS and/or FBTCS, seizure‐freedom rate at 6 months was 58.8% (add‐on, 72.2%; substitution, 47.9%) and 50% responder rate at 6 months was 82.6% (add‐on, 89.2%; substitution, 76.6%). Retention rates and seizure outcomes were better with perampanel as an early‐line treatment than as a late‐line treatment. TEAEs were reported by 48 patients (48.0%), most commonly dizziness (n = 9), fatigue (n = 7), and irritability (n = 7). Sixteen patients (16.0%) withdrew from perampanel treatment due to TEAEs.

Significance

The interim analysis of PERPRISE offers insight into the real‐world use of perampanel in Germany, including for the first time, clinical practice data from patients with GTCS and switching ASMs within a dual therapy. Further data from PERPRISE will be of value to inform clinical decision‐making in this patient cohort.

Plain Language Summary

Patients with epilepsy often take more than one medication for seizure control. This 12month study looked at patients in Germany receiving perampanel as only add‐on medication. The interim analysis shows, that at 6 months, over 70% of the 100 patients continued to use perampanel; 59% experienced no seizures during treatment with perampanel, and in 83%, seizure frequency was reduced by half. Side effects occurred in 48% of patients (most commonly dizziness, fatigue, and irritability) and caused 16% to withdraw from the study. Overall, perampanel was a suitable as only add‐on medication for patients with epilepsy.
Identification of metabolic biomarkers of chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in subjects with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE)
Authors: Manca Claudia , Coa Roberta , Murru Elisabetta , Carta Gianfranca , Pinna Giovanni , Sanfilippo Roberto , Polizzi Lorenzo , Pistis Marco , Follesa Paolo , Puligheddu Monica , Banni Sebastiano
Published: November 2023

Neuromodulation by means of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy, reduces seizure frequency and improves quality of life in subjects with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE), yet its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the impact of chronic VNS on lipid bioactive metabolites and fatty acids (FA) in the plasma and red blood cells of seven subjects with DRE. By measuring expression levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) genes—key regulators in energy and lipid metabolism—and lipid profiles before and after various stages of VNS, this study identifies potential mechanisms by which VNS may reduce seizure frequency. Blood samples collected before VNS device implantation, after acute VNS stimulus, and following gradual intensity increments up to therapeutic levels revealed that VNS increases SIRT1 and PPARα expression and erythrocyte concentrations of PPARα ligands. Additionally, we observe reduced de novo lipogenesis biomarkers in erythrocytes, indicating that VNS may influence systemic lipid and energy metabolism. Our findings suggest that VNS could enhance neuronal function by modulating energy metabolism, thus potentially reducing seizure frequency in subjects with DRE. Future research targeting SIRT1 and PPARα may provide innovative therapeutic strategies for managing DRE.

Plain Language Summary: The exact mechanism of VNS is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of VNS Therapy on energetic metabolism, suggesting possible novel biomarkers for DRE subjects and neuromodulation therapies.
A new application of hydrocolloids from Echinops setifer (Shekartighal): Mayonnaise‐type sauces
Authors: Nemati Narges , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2023

Due to the importance of the production of functional and nutraceutical foods with high added value, Shekartighal was used to develop ready‐made functional mayonnaise‐type sauces and evaluate their physicochemical, sensory, and antioxidant properties over 60 days of storage. Shekartighal had, on average, 76.85% carbohydrate, 9.24% protein, 4.91% fat, 1.74% ash, 7.26% moisture, 20.38 mgGAE/g total phenol content, 14.31 μM ferrous sulphate/g, and 145.12 μg/mL antioxidant activity. The results indicated that Shekartighal had high water absorption capacity (408.01%) and emulsion stability (91.83%). Following the textural and sensorial study, the product that stood out as the best performer was the sauce containing 3% Shekartighal. Consequently, this product was selected for further evaluation, where its physicochemical and antioxidant properties were assessed for a 60‐day duration under refrigerated storage (4°C). The formulation with 3% Shekartighal presented significantly more phenolic content and antioxidant properties than the control. During the 60‐day refrigerated storage (4°C) period, the physicochemical and antioxidant parameters of the enriched sauce remained stable. The addition of Shekartighal to the sauce significantly improved its nutritional quality, and the sauce enriched with 3% Shekartighal demonstrated the most favorable characteristics among the different concentrations tested. Overall, these findings suggest that Shekartighal could be utilized as a natural ingredient to create a functional sauce with notable antioxidant and nutritional properties.
Steric Bulk‐Dependent Photoresponse of Sulfonamide Azobenzene Ligand in Arene Ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Long Jonathan , Retailleau Pascal , Xie Juan , Bogliotti Nicolas
Published: December 2023

A series of sulfonamide azobenzenes bearing alkyl substituents of increasing steric bulk at the position ortho to the N=N bond and their corresponding chloro(hexamethylbenzene)ruthenium(II) complexes were synthesized. The latter bearing mono‐substituted ligands exhibited an exocyclic azo bond under the E configuration, and underwent reversible E→Z photoisomerization upon irradiation with visible light, followed by thermal Z→E back isomerization upon resting in the dark at 20 °C. In contrast, the corresponding 2,6‐dimethyl substituted azobenzene complex, while also exhibiting an exocyclic azo bond, was isolated as the Z‐isomer and underwent uncommon solvent dependent irreversible photodissociation of azobenzene ligand upon visible light irradiation. Valuable insights into the photophysical and structural properties of these complexes were gained by combination of computational and X‐ray diffraction studies.
Patient values and preferences regarding communicating risk versus benefit of benzodiazepine initiation: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Chahal Karn , Glass Matthew , Falk Jamie , Singer Alexander , Leong Christine
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Communicating information about the risks and benefits of benzodiazepines so that it is meaningful to the patient has not been previously described. This study aims to determine patient preferences regarding information received before initiating a benzodiazepine.

Methods

An online survey was distributed through social media and advertisements to Canadians ≥18 years old over a 6‐month period (May–Oct 2022) to collect participant's rating of importance of statements and factors about the risk and benefits of benzodiazepines before initiating treatment using a 10‐point Likert‐type scale. Treatment preferences based on efficacy and risk information were also elicited. The survey was developed and pilot‐tested in collaboration with an advisory committee of individuals with lived and living experience with benzodiazepine use.

Results

Thirty‐seven participants responded to the survey (mean age 30 years old, 81.1% identified as female). The majority of respondents had a history of anxiety (83.8%) or insomnia (32.4%), and 10 (27.0%) respondents had used a benzodiazepine. Patient counseling related to withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines, risk of harm in combination with other sedating agents, risk of physical and psychological dependence, and risk of effects on cognition were rated high in the importance of receiving this information before starting a benzodiazepine relative to efficacy endpoints, such as improvement in sleep parameters. When provided with information about the chance of efficacy and risk of harm, 100% would have selected cognitive behavioral therapy as the best treatment option. The most frequently reported source of medication information where patients have sought information was from the internet (25.0%), followed by doctors (21.9%) and pharmacists (18.8%).

Conclusions

This study identified patient important factors and statements viewed as important to communicate before initiating a benzodiazepine. The findings of this survey study will help inform decision‐making when considering treatment options for managing anxiety or insomnia.
Patient involvement in research within the Gynecological Cancer InterGroup: A call to action for a systematic approach: Results from a survey
Authors: Nohová Ivana , Andrews John , Votan Bénédicte , Miller Austin , Sehouli Jalid , Berger Regina
Published: December 2023

Background and Aims

Involving patients in research, not only as trial subjects, is not a newly established practice. Over the last two decades, patient roles have gradually expanded to become active research contributors, creating a more patient‐centered research landscape. Our survey has explored the scope of patient involvement within the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG), an International Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, and identified challenges in developing a systematic, meaningful and sustainable level of patient involvement.

Methods

In late 2019, the GCIG Harmonisation Operations Committee conducted an online survey across 26 national and/or international research cooperative groups, aiming to identify current patient involvement practices implemented by each group. Twelve questions were asked. The results have been generated to support a systematic strategic planning process to increase patient involvement into clinical research projects.

Results

More than half of the 26 participating groups have either already involved (15, [58%]) or are planning (6, [23%]) to involve patients in their research activities. Gaining patient support in raising public awareness around clinical trials appears to be one of the most desired benefits (21, [81%]). Ten respondents managed to integrate patient involvement into their standard practice. When involving patients in research the groups mostly consider that patients bring added value to the study (19, [73%]), although only eight groups (40%) have a well‐organized process in doing so.

Conclusion

Even though patient involvement is considered a significant added value to clinical research, its application within GCIG groups is not considered on a regular basis and is predominantly limited to operational aspects of research activities. The lack of resources and expertize, as well as the missing well‐organized and structured process of some groups, combined with their ability to ensure process sustainability, are among the main factors affecting implementation and adoption of patient involvement within GCIG research activities.
Research progress of microglial surface receptors in perioperative neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Tang Chun‐Chun , Liu De‐Xing , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: December 2023

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common complication in the perioperative period, which not only prolongs the hospitalization of patients, increases the cost of treatment, but even increases the postoperative mortality of patients, bringing a heavy burden to families and society. Mechanism exploration involves anesthesia and surgery that lead to microglial activation, promote the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory factors, cause an inflammatory cascade, aggravate nerve cell damage, and lead to cognitive dysfunction. It is believed that microglia‐mediated neuroinflammatory responses play a vital role in the formation of PND. Microglia surface receptors are essential mediators for microglia to receive external stimuli, regulate microglial functional status, and carry out intercellular signal transmission. Various microglial surface receptors trigger neuroinflammation, damage neurons, and participate in the development and progression of PND by activating microglia. In this study, the roles of immunoglobulin receptors, chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, and pattern recognition receptors in microglia surface receptors in PND were reviewed, to provide a reference for the mechanism research, prevention, and treatment of PND.
A year of the Animal Health and Welfare Pathway: focus on sheep
Authors: Russell James , Hobbs Jonathan
Published: December 2023

As of February 2023, qualifying farmers in England have been able to apply for a government‐funded annual vet visit – the Annual Health and Welfare Review – as part of the Animal Health and Welfare Pathway (AHWP) (non‐Basic Payment Scheme farmers have been able to apply since late September 2023). A year on since the AHWP was first launched, this article outlines how the pathway is working, the sector‐specific endemic disease schemes and how to conduct (and apply for) a vet visit. To illustrate how the scheme is working on a more practical level, the article focuses on the sheep sector specifically, and includes case studies about the AHWP from both the client and vet perspective, highlighting just how much can be covered in the annual review.
Estimating the ex ante adoption determinants of novel cropping systems with nonpecuniary benefits
Authors: Mooney Daniel F. , Barham Bradford L.
Published: December 2023

Landowners who value the nonpecuniary benefits of novel cropping systems may be more likely to adopt those systems in response to new market opportunities. We examine ex ante adoption decisions for bioenergy crops in Wisconsin using stated preference data from nonoperator landowners. Bioenergy crops produce biomass, a private good, and may jointly contribute to civic or environmental public goods. We find that pecuniary and nonpecuniary benefits influence landowner decisions, but the effects differ by annual and perennial crop types. Landowners may trade pecuniary for nonpecuniary benefits when equating the marginal utility of land uses, resulting in lower willingness‐to‐accept values for adoption.
Interconception care during well‐child visits by family physicians in the United States: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kuroda Kaku , Morley Christopher P. , Bailey R. Eugene
Published: November 2023

Background

Interconception care (ICC) by family physicians during well‐child visits (WCVs) has been broadly advocated in principle but has not been widely implemented. We aimed to investigate ICC at WCVs by family physicians at our facility, focusing on four maternal risk factors, including maternal tobacco use, maternal depression, contraception, and folic acid supplementation.

Methods

Mothers who visited WCVs with children up to the age of 24 months at our university‐affiliated clinic were screened for the four maternal risks. Brief interventions were provided to mothers with positive screening results. We investigated mothers at WCVs from December 1, 2020, to November 30, 2022. We performed descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses to determine the maternal demographic factors associated with positive screenings.

Results

Of 1143 WCVs, 205 mothers were evaluated. Screening was positive in the following rates: tobacco use 5.9%, depression 11.5%, contraception 73.6%, and folic acid supplementation 40.5%. Single marital status was associated with positive screening for smoking (odds ratio [OR] 8.689, p = 0.016) and maternal depression (OR 3.470, p = 0.035). Maternal education level lower than a high school diploma was associated with positive screening for folic acid intake (OR 4.975, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

ICC conducted during WCVs by family physicians offers valuable opportunities to identify maternal risk factors and address modifiable factors that can influence future birth outcomes. Single marital status and educational level less than a high school diploma were more potent risk factors for maternal behavior in ICC. More research is needed to assess the outcomes of the interventions.
Circulating tumor DNA for monitoring classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients: Correlation with FDG‐PET/CT
Authors: Fernández Sara , Cereceda Laura , Díaz Eva , Figueroa Sasha , Reguera Laura , Menéndez Victoria , Solórzano José L. , Montalbán Carlos , Estévez Mónica , García Juan F.
Published: November 2023

The value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a biomarker of disease activity in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients has not yet been well established. By profiling primary tumors and ctDNA, we identified common variants between primary tumors and longitudinal plasma samples in most of the cases, confirming high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Although ctDNA analyses mirrored HRS cell genetics overall, the prevalence of variants shows that none of them can be used as a single biomarker. Conversely, the estimation of hGE/mL, based on measures of total ctDNA, reflects disease activity and is almost perfectly correlated with standard parameters such as PET/CT that are associated with refractoriness.
Evaluation and comparison of impedance and amplitude changes in lesion index‐guided pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Kaneko Yutaro , Naruse Yoshihisa , Narumi Taro , Sano Makoto , Urushida Tsuyoshi , Maekawa Yuichiro
Published: December 2023

Background

The lesion index (LSI) has been used to estimate lesion formation after radiofrequency catheter ablation. However, the impedance drop and decrease in bipolar amplitude of intracardiac electrograms, which are parameters that are traditionally used to predict effective ablation lesions, are not used to calculate LSI. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between LSI and traditional parameters.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 1355 ablation points from 31 patients who underwent LSI‐guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using TactiCath. All points were classified into 3 groups based on the impedance drop: (i) <10 Ω (n = 67), (ii) 10–20 Ω (n = 909), and (iii) >20 Ω (n = 379). The LSI targets were 4.5 for the posterior left atrium and 5.2 for the anterior left atrium. After excluding 583 points at which it was difficult to measure the amplitude, 772 ablation points during sinus rhythm were included in the analysis of bipolar amplitude.

Results

The target LSI was achieved at 1177 points (86.9%). The median total impedance drop and amplitude just after ablation were 16.0 [13.0–20.0] Ω and 0.21 [0.14–0.30] mV, respectively. There were significant differences among the 3 groups in the impedance and amplitude before ablation, power, target LSI, final LSI, contact force, and interlesion distance. An impedance drop of >10 Ω or an amplitude reduction of >50% was achieved at 95% and 82% of the study points, respectively. There were no major complications at any of the ablation points.

Conclusion

LSI‐guided PVI seemed to be useful for making sufficient ablation lesions, as assessed by the conventional parameters of impedance and amplitude change.
Association between fat‐free mass and survival in critically ill patients with COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lakenman Patty L. M. , van Marwijk Iris , van der Hoven Ben , van Bommel Jasper , Joosten Koen F. M. , Olieman Joanne F.
Published: December 2023

Background

Most critically ill patients with COVID‐19 experience malnutrition and weight loss associated with negative clinical outcomes. Our primary aim was to assess body composition during acute and late phase of illness in these patients in relation to clinical outcome and secondary to tailored nutrition support.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included adult critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Body composition (fat‐free mass [FFM] [exposure of interest], fat mass [FM], skeletal muscle mass [SMM], and phase angle [PA]) was determined with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyses in the acute and late phase. Nutrition support data were collected simultaneously. Clinical outcome was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) survival (primary outcome) and 30–90 days thereafter, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay and length of hospital stay (LOS). Nonparametric tests and regression analyses were performed.

Results

We included 70 patients (73% male, median age 60 years). Upon admission, median BMI was 30 kg/m2, 54% had obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Median weight change during ICU stay was −3 kg: +3 kg FM and −6 kg FFM (−4 kg SMM). Body composition changed significantly (P < 0.001). Regarding clinical outcome, only low PA was associated with prolonged LOS (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.72–0.96; P = 0.015). Patients with optimal protein intake (>80%) during acute phase maintained significantly more FFM (2.7 kg, P = 0.047) in the late phase compared with patients who received <80%.

Conclusion

FFM decreased significantly during acute and late phase of illness, but we observed no association with ICU survival. Only low PA was associated with prolonged LOS. FFM wasting likely occurred because of disease severity and immobility.
Assessment of fruity aroma intensity in olive oils from different Spanish regions using a portable electronic nose
Authors: Bianchi Alessandro , Cano Marchal Pablo , Martínez Gila Diego M. , Mencarelli Fabio , Gámez García Javier
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The organoleptic profile of an olive oil is a fundamental quality parameter obtained by human sensory panels. In this work, a portable electronic nose was employed to predict the fruity aroma intensity of 199 olive oil samples from different Spanish regions and cultivar varieties (‘Picual’, ‘Arbequina’, and ‘Cornicabra’), with special emphasis in testing the robustness of the predictions versus cultivar variety variability. The primary data given by the electronic nose were used to obtain two different feature vectors that were employed to fit ridge and lasso regressions models to two datasets: one consisting of all the samples and another just the cv. Picual samples.

RESULTS

The results obtained showed mean average error (MAE) values below 0.88 in all cases, with an MAE of 0.67 for the ‘Picual’ model. These MAE values and the similarities in the model parameters fitted for the different data folds are in agreement with the results obtained in previous studies.

CONCLUSION

The large number of samples analyzed and the results obtained show the robustness of the approach and the applicability of the methods. Also, the results suggest that better performance can be obtained when specific models are fitted for particular cultivars. Overall, the proposed methods are capable of providing useful information for a fast screening of the fruity aroma intensity of olive oils. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Long‐term overall survival in patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lo Winifred M. , Dogeas Epameinondas , Etherington Mark S. , Ferrone Cristina , Nebbia Martina , Cleary Sean , Pery Ron , Steel Jennifer L. , Tohme Samer T. , Geller David A.
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

There is limited research on management of metastatic anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to the liver. This study aimed to describe outcomes for patients undergoing liver resection of anal SCC metastases.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted by three tertiary‐referral centers. Patients undergoing liver surgery between 2008 and 2022 were included. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of recurrence and survival and Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival.

Results

Twenty‐one patients underwent liver resection and/or ablation. None were HIV positive and 24% had known HPV infection. 20/21(95%) patients had undergone Nigro protocol for management of the primary tumor with 12/21 (57%) patients experiencing complete response. 4/21 (19%) patients had synchronous liver metastases at time of diagnosis. Median tumor size was 5.0 cm and median tumor number was one. At analysis, 52% remained alive. Median overall survival was 32.2 months. 5‐year overall survival was 50%. Median recurrence‐free survival was 7.7 months and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival was 30%. Need for salvage abdominoperineal resection was negatively associated with recurrence‐free survival. The most common site of recurrence was the liver.

Conclusions

Liver resection for metastatic anal SCC can be beneficial for appropriately selected patients.
Ocular Surface Adverse Events are not Associated with Dupilumab use in Nasal Polyp Treatment
Authors: Swisher Austin R. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Vu Priscilla Q. , Liang Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Ocular surface reactions (OSR) have been associated with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. However, the association of dupilumab‐associated OSR (DA‐OSR) for nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treatment has not been studied. We evaluated DA‐OSR for CRSwNP treatment using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

FAERS was queried for any general ocular reactions (DA‐GOR) from 2019Q1 to 2022Q4. DA‐OSR were subcategorized from DA‐GOR and compared between treatment groups (CRSwNP, asthma, AD). Logistic regression was used to predict DA‐OSR. Disproportionality analysis (DPA) of DA‐OSR was performed using OpenVigil.

Results

There were 60,198 total observations, of which 5344 were treated for CRSwNP. The prevalence of DA‐GOR and DA‐OSR was greatest for AD (15.3%, 7.8%), followed by CRSwNP (12.2%, 6.7%) and asthma (9.2%, 3.5%). The most commonly reported OSRs were dry eyes (35.9%), conjunctivitis (15.7%), and increased lacrimation (11.0%). The reported odds ratio (ROR) of CRSwNP‐treated DA‐OSR was 0.84 (0.73–0.97; p = 0.015), compared to 1.29 (1.20–1.40; p < 0.001) for AD and 0.66 (0.59–0.73; p < 0.001) for asthma. For CRSwNP treatment, the DA‐OSR ROR was 0.97 (0.90–1.03; p = 0.3) for men and 0.78 (0.73–0.83, p < 0.001) for older adults (age > 50). ROR in the DPA for DA‐OSR was 12.5 (12.2–12.8; p < 0.001) for any indication and 0.58 (0.53–0.64; p < 0.001) for CRSwNP treatment only.

Conclusions

While there are limitations to FAERS, this study confirms the association between dupilumab and OSR for AD treatment, and does not support an association between dupilumab and OSR for CRSwNP treatment. Younger adults experience more DA‐OSR in CRSwNP treatment without a specific predilection for sex.

Level of Evidence

IV Laryngoscope, 134:2602–2608, 2024