bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of bridge substructure planning using Revit application for BIM approach
Authors: Lubis Ahmad Mawardi , Rifai Andri Irfan , Sari Yusra Aulia , Handayani Susanty
Published: January 2025

Bridges are a very important infrastructure in a country. Bridges function as links between roads cut off by one obstacle, such as valleys, rivers, lakes, and irrigation canals. In this paper, the author will model the planning of the bridge understructure using Revit Software as a form of BIM technology. The modelling that will be carried out includes bridge abutments and piles as foundations. The material used in modelling the lower structure of the bridge in this article is concrete. As a result, the completed modelling can be viewed with details such as 3D view, top view, side view, front view, and also dimensions. So, it can be concluded that the use of BIM technology is very helpful and makes it easier for engineers to implement a construction project.
Effect of Vermicompost and NPK Nitrophonska 15:15:15 on the growth and yield of Mung Beans (Vigna Radiata L.)
Authors: Intani Hana , Nurrohim Muhammad Risky , Faqih Achmad
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of combining vermicompost and NPK Nitrophonska 15:15:15 fertilizer on the growth and yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.). The research was carried out in May - July 2024 in Pancalang Village, Pancalan District, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. The research method used was an experimental method using a Randomized Group Design (RAK). The main observations included plant height, number of trifoliate leaves (three leaflets), root length, root volume, root nodules, numbers of pods per plant, and seed weight per plot. The results showed that the combination of VermiCompost fertilizer (K1N2) and Nitrophonka NPK (K2N2) had a significant effect on plant height at 21.28 DAP and 32 DAP, respectively. The K2N2 treatment produced the best plant height (45.87 cm). The number of plant leaves was positively correlated with the number of leaflets on green bean plants (r = 0.466, p 0.05). The K1N2 treatments had the best results from several observation parameters, especially in the weight of seeds per plot in the treatment (4 kg vermisp. and 40 gr NPK).
Subjective wellbeing components among non-procedural blue collar Indonesian migrant worker: How international migration shapes their perspective
Authors: Rusli Adi Saputra , Hanita Margaretha , Murni Sri
Published: January 2025

The studies of international migration, migrant worker, and subjective wellbeing (SWB) have been thoroughly examined.  However, the question on those subjects is still rarely developed when it comes to the particular circumstances. Given the problems, this study focuses on detailed settings such as blue-collar worker and non-procedural (NBMW). This study also aims to explore the perception of public, government, and workers about the issue: how the different perspective of legality, obligation, rights, and security differ among parties. It is important to understand the rationale between them to acquire the proper insight and formulate the best grasp. It is done by analysing the components of SWB (pleasant and unpleasant affect) and the coping mechanisms to deal with it. This study uses qualitative method and interview to gather the data in order to obtain maximal result. This study finds that international are able to change their perception about life. NBMW are able to alter their unpleasant affect to the pleasant ones by doing some sort of coping mechanisms. There is almost non-existent dysfunctional coping used. Most of them are using problem and emotional focused coping mechanism to deal with the problem. One of the reasons is their consideration of future planning for family left behind and themselves. International migration plays an important role despite their imperfection while doing it. International migration provides them positive aspects such elation and hope though negative aspects like sadness, and anxiety and worry are not necessarily absent.
Resolution of employment termination disputes in the industrial relations court cocerning works rights specifically in relation
Authors: Sunarno Sunarno , Santoso M. Iman , Anggaraini AM Tri , Budiman Anwar
Published: January 2025

This paper examines how future arrangements can enhance legal certainty and foster a sense of justice for workers in Indonesia, thereby positively impacting the overall business environment. The study provides a conceptual framework for evaluating and proposing legal and policy reforms that can ensure justice for the workers. The research serves as a foundation for policymakers to design and implement effective labor laws that promote fairness and equity. The findings of this study have practical implications for businesses operating in Indonesia. This research contributes to the understanding of the intersections between legal frameworks, workers' rights, and business practices in the Indonesian context. The results of this research provide valuable guidance for stakeholders, including government agencies, businesses, and labor organizations, on the importance of creating arrangements that support worker justice.
Affirmation of the rights and obligations of couriers in cash on delivery marketplace transactions
Authors: Ferynando Hamka , Suryandari Wieke Dewi , Tohari Mohamad
Published: January 2025

The Cash on Delivery (COD) payment scheme in Indonesia has become a popular choice in e-commerce, offering convenience and trust to consumers, particularly those without access to digital banking services. However, this scheme presents significant challenges, particularly for couriers who bear the brunt of operational and financial risks. Despite their role as intermediaries, couriers face unfair expectations, including bearing the costs of unpaid goods or managing buyer dissatisfaction over product non-conformity. This research examines the rights and obligations of couriers in COD transactions through a normative legal and case study approach. The findings reveal systemic gaps in legal protections and a lack of clear regulatory frameworks to safeguard couriers' rights, compounded by unfair corporate policies and limited awareness among couriers regarding their legal boundaries. To mitigate these challenges, the study recommends developing comprehensive legal frameworks, promoting good faith among transaction parties, and exploring innovative solutions such as integrating technology to enhance transparency and accountability. This study contributes to the legal and e-commerce fields by proposing actionable solutions to protect couriers while fostering a sustainable COD ecosystem. Future research should focus on comparative studies of international practices, the psychological impact on couriers, and alternative payment systems to address the inherent risks in COD transactions.
Dynamics of legal politics after Constitutional Court Decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 Regarding the Party Wholesale System in the 2024 Regional Head Elections
Authors: Yudhistira Dhieno , Nurdin Boy
Published: January 2025

The Constitutional Court has made a decision on regional head nominations in the Pilkada, which is an integral part of the broader general election system in Indonesia. This study analyzes the legal, political, and social implications of the decision and explores the paradigm shift in nomination, the impact on political party structures, and public reactions to these changes to create a more inclusive and participatory political climate. The study used a qualitative approach, employing a combination of legal analysis and a conceptual approach, focusing on the development and understanding of relevant legal concepts, such as democracy, political participation, and the nomination system. The results of the study suggest that lowering the nomination threshold could strengthen democracy in Indonesia by offering more opportunities for small parties and independent candidates, thereby creating an inclusive and representative election system that reflects diverse public aspirations. Moreover, the study could examine the long-term implications of these electoral reforms on political and social stability, analyzing how increased representation influences public trust in the political system.
Analysis of the Surabaya commercial court's decision rejecting the creditor's request for a postponement of debt payment obligation
Authors: Wuisan Ronald Samuel , Bakir Herman
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to investigate and elucidate the legal implications arising from the rejection of the Creditor's PKPU Application as determined by the Commercial Court Decision in the Surabaya District Court, case number 79/PDT.SUS-PKPU/2020/PN Niaga Sby., to examine and evaluate the legal options accessible to creditors when the debtor cannot repay the debt. This research is a document study, which uses various secondary data such as laws and regulations, court decisions both at the first level, appeal, and cassation levels, as well as reviews, and legal theory, which can be in the form of opinions of scholars in the field of law. The research analyzed the Commercial Court Decision at the Surabaya District Court Number 79/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2020/PN Niaga Sby., which is the rejection of the PKPU Application from the Creditor.  It is done to see the positive application of law to concrete cases in the community, especially to the judge's considerations that are the basis for issuing decisions. The study results show that the Decision of the Judicial Panel Number 79/PDT. SUS-PKPU/2020/PN Niaga SBY is not following the Law 37 of 2004 concerning PKPU and Bankruptcy, where the Submission of PKPU Creditors (PT. Bank ABC) has met the requirements of Article 222 paragraph 1 of the Law and PKPU, where the Panel of Judges of the Commercial Court considers the Interlocutory Decision of the Panel of Judges of the District Court (Number: 324/pdt.g/2020/PN. Sby) is not yet an inkracht van gewijsde.
Environmental Justice and Equity: A call for a Just and Equitable Future
Authors: Bhatnagar Shivi
Published: January 2025

Environmental justice and equity are fundamental principles that demand the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, colour, nationality or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies. This paper examines the historical aspects of environmental injustice, analyses the disproportionate communities, and examines the critical role of community engagement and advocacy in achieving a just and equitable future.
Assessment of Pharmaceutical Care Competency of Community Pharmacists in a Nigerian State
Authors: Anthony Okeke , Ogbonna Brian Onyebuchi , Chinaza Ukwu , Azuka Oparah , Soni Jeffrey , Mercy Nwaodu , Ugochi Adenola , Maureen Anietoh , Nkeiruka Osuafor , Blessing Umeh , Lizette Ezenekwe , Loveth Ejie , Richard Orji , Monica Nnamani , Daniel Eze , Amarachi Eze
Published: January 2025

Pharmacists practicing in Nigeria must embrace the Pharmaceutical Care concept and philosophy of practice to sustain their claims as custodians of drugs. This practice will improve patient care outcomes through humanistic, economic and clinical high cure rates, reduction in target symptoms, and decrease in adverse drug reactions. We assessed the community Pharmacists knowledge, skills and confidence to deliver Pharmaceutical Care practice in Anambra State Nigeria. Pharmaceutical Care Competency Questionnaires (PCCQ) were used to evoke voluntary and unbiased responses from participants who were all community pharmacists. Using three Likert-type response scales for knowledge, skills and confidence, to test the research objectives. Data gathered were first sorted using Microsoft excel before loading into SPSS version 13.0 for descriptive statistics analysis (mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, and p-value). The result revealed mean computed for rated scores as follows; for knowledge was 4.03, for skills was 3.96 and for confidence was 4.02. This implied that the community pharmacists with minimum of B. Pharm degree have some skills to practice Pharmaceutical Care. The factor loading is > 0.4; Cronbach’s alpha for knowledge is 0.972, for skills 0.904, for confidence 0.931. This survey concluded that despite some knowledge skills acquired by pharmacists in their B. Pharm, training schools, there is still a gap between their practice and the concept of Pharmaceutical Care delivery.
In Silico Docking Analysis of Bioactive Phytoconstituents for Targeting Glucose Transporters
Authors: Sharma Deepa , Yusuf Mohd
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore the interactions between ten selected bioactive phytoconstituents, and the glucose transporter GLUT1, to evaluate their potential as therapeutic agents for glucose management. Utilizing in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we assessed the binding affinities and stability of these phytoconstituents with GLUT1. Molecular docking revealed that Gymnemic Acid and Rutin exhibited superior binding affinities compared to other phytoconstituents, suggesting strong interactions with GLUT1. Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrated that these compounds maintained stable binding interactions over time, as evidenced by lower RMSD values. The findings support the hypothesis that Gymnemic Acid and Rutin could significantly modulate GLUT1 activity, indicating their potential as effective agents in glucose regulation. This study highlights the utility of computational approaches in identifying promising phytoconstituents and underscores the need for experimental validation to confirm these findings.
Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Musa acuminata Peel with Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibitory Effects
Authors: Chauhan Suraj , K.C. Sindhu , Bhandari Mahashaya , Poudel Pooja , Yadav Ramkishor , Ranabhat Prabin , Shrestha Shila , Shrestha Ansana
Published: January 2025

Peels of Musa acuminata were used as healing medicine in Nepal, especially against gastrointestinal ailments and diabetic patients. However, the scientific evidence towards its use is still lacking. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and scientific inquiry, offering evidence-based insights into the medicinal efficacy of Musa acuminata. The antioxidant activity of ripe peel extract was estimated spectrophotometrically using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH: 60 µM). Similarly, α-amylase inhibitory activity was analyzed using a modified starch iodine protocol. The percentage yield of the hydroethanolic extract of Musa acuminata ripe peel was found to be 16 %(w/w). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, and reducing sugars in the extract, highlighting its diverse chemical composition. The DPPH scavenging activity percentage of ripe peel extract revealed good antioxidant activity with 54.58 土 3.27 %, but showed 5.989土 1.96 % of α-amylase inhibition activity at 0.5 μg/ml concentration of extract, which was very low when compared with voglibose with 97.660 土 98 % at same concentration. The findings suggest that Musa acuminata peels may possess antioxidant and mild amounts of α-amylase inhibition properties. Further exploration of its in-vivo pharmacological studies and clinical trials are needed to confirm their therapeutic potential.
Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Terhadap Karyawan dan Pelanggan (Perspektif Komunikasi Corporate Social Responsibility)
Authors: Riskayanti  , Rahmah Fitriana
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi komunikasi pelaksanaan program CSR di PT Megah Putra Sejahtera dan faktor apa yang mendukung dan menghambat pelaksanaan program CSR di PT Megah Putra Sejahtera. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, di mana pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Megah Putra Sejahtera melakukan strategi komunikasi melalui empat tahapan yaitu tahapan penilaian, tahapan perencanaan, tahapan pelaksanaan, dan tahapan evaluasi. Temuan penting dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mendukung pelaksanaan program CSR adalah ketersediaan dana, sumber daya manusia, dan pemilihan lokasi yang tepat. Sementara faktor penghambat meliputi komunikasi yang kurang baik, proses administrasi yang kurang lancar, dan pemetaan kegiatan yang kurang rapi.
المركز القانوني للزبون في المؤسسة التجارية
Authors: محمود كاظم ضرغام
Published: January 2025

تعد المؤسسة التجارية او المحل التجاري او المتجر احد الوسائل المستخدمة في قانون التجارة والاعمال وعلى الرغم من اهمية هذه المؤسسة باعتبارها النافذة التي يمكن من خلالها للتاجر القيام بممارسة نشاطه وتصريف نتاج عمله، فضلا عن الحقوق المتصلة به، وبخلاف موقف بعض التشريعات المقارنة نجد ان المشرع العراقي في ضوء القواعد المقررة بموجب قانون التجارة النافذ رقم 30 لسنة 1984، لم يتول وضع احكام تتعلق بهذه المؤسسة ومفهومها سوى بعض الاشارات العامة عند بيان الاحكام المتعلقة بالاسم التجاري كما في نص المادة (24/ثانيا) اذ نصت على ان (لا يجوز التصرف في الاسم التجاري مستقلا عن المحل التجاري ). وعلى الرغم من وحدة المؤسسة التجارية الا انها تختلف عن الاشخاص المعنوية او الاعتبارية كالشركات في ان المؤسسة التجارية هي عبارة عن منشأة يمتلكها شخص او اكثر لا تتمتع بالشخصية المعنوية، كما ليس لها كيان قانوني مستقل، بالتالي ليس لها ذمة مالية مستقلة عن ذمم الاشخاص المالكين لها، ومع ذلك فأن المؤسسة التجارية تعد مالاً معنوياً منقولاً وله قيمة مالية يمكن التصرف فيها بجميع انواع التصرفات القانونية من بيع ورهن وايجار كما يمكن تقديمه حصة في الشركة، فضلاً عن ذلك يمكن ان ترد عليها الحصة، كما تنتقل عن طريق الارث الى الورثة. وتثير مسألة البحث في المؤسسة التجارية مسألة تواجد العملاء فيها وتكييفهم القانوني ومدى امكانية اعتبار هذا العنصر في المؤسسة التجارية عنصرا له قيمة مالية وهو ما درجت الدراسة على بحثه.
القوى المؤثرة في تكوين الثقافة السياسية العراقية: رؤية اجتماعية سياسية
Authors: صبار بريسم كمال , عبد الكريم فاضل شاكر
Published: January 2025

سعى البحث لبيان ابرز القوى المؤثرة في تكوين الثقافة السياسية في المجتمع العراقي, فقد عانت الثقافة السياسية قبل عام 2003م من تحجيم كبير من قبل النظام السياسي الذي كان يعمل على غرس, ثقافة الخضوع والولاء للنظام, فضلاً عن استعمال وسائل القهر لكبت اي محاولة لطرح افكار او ممارسات سياسية هدفها المشاركة في السلطة, فتولد عن ذلك تكريس ثقافة الخضوع والولاء للنظام السياسي و عدم معارضته. وبعد 9/ نيسان/ 2003م تغير شكل النظام السياسي من نظام شمولي الى ديمقراطي, ومن نظام الحزب الواحد الى التعددية الحزبية. فَتَوفرَ لدى المواطن فضاء واسع لممارسة الحقوق والحريات السياسية وفرصة لتطوير ثقافة المشاركة بدلاً من الثقافات السياسية التقليدية وثقافة الخضوع.
مشكلات التلوث البيئي في العراق دراسة في المصادر الطبيعية والبشرية والصناعية
Authors: ماجد ارزوقي ابتهاج , صالح علي رائد
Published: January 2025

يسعى البحث الى بيان اهم المشاكل التي عانتها البيئة العراقية منها مشكلة التغيير المناخي والتصحر وظهور مشاكل حديثة اصابتها متمثلة بالهزات الارضية والسيول، فضلاً عن الزيادة السكانية وما رافقها من قلة وعي المواطنين والتجاوز على البيئة الطبيعية والتوسع في الانشطة الصناعية والزراعية وبيان ما عانته البيئة العراقية من الحروب وسوء الادارات البيئية المتعاقبة الذي ساهم بشكل مباشر في زيادة مشاكل التلوث واثرت في حق الانسان في بيئة سليمة، حيث يسعى البحث الى بيان اسباب التلوث الطبيعية والبشرية والتكنلوجية والتي اثرت في حق الانسان في بيئة سليمة وبيان ما هي تأثيراتها على الفرد العراقي باستخدام المنهج الوصفي لوصف المشاكل التي تعانيها البيئة العراقية والمنهج التحليلي لتحليل هذه المشاكل ومعرفة مدى تأثيرها في حق الانسان في بيئة سليمة فتوصل البحث الى ان: المشكلات التي تعاني منها البيئة العراقية كانت بسبب ملوثات طبيعية وبشرية وتكنلوجية جاءت بعد عدة حروب تعرضت لها، اذ لابد من رفع وعي المواطنين بأهمية الحفاظ على البيئة وحمايتها من التلوث من خلال التوعية البيئية ومعالجة الملوثات بجميع انواعها بما فيها التجارية والصناعية والطبية والزراعية
التنظيم القانوني لتجريم المنشطات و دورهِ في حماية حقوق الانسان الصحية والتربوية
Authors: فوزي سهم آمنة , طلال جاسم عبد الرزاق
Published: January 2025

توصل البحث أنّ المنشطات ظاهرة تُسيء للمفهوم الإنساني للرياضة حولّتها من بيئة تُرّبّي وتُعلّم على الأخلاق والتنافس الشريف إلى بيئة قِوامها الفساد وعدم تكافؤ الفرص، وهذا انتهاك لحقوق الإنسان الرياضية والصحية والتربوية، ولأن الأساس الدولي لمكافحة المنشطات لم يقاومها، دعا المشرعون الى إضفاء الصفة الجزائية عليها وجعلها أساساَ للتجريم، فكانت أبرز مثال على ذلك هي بلجيكيا وفرنسا دولياَ، وعربياً تُعَدُّ تونس والجزائر والمغرب من الدول السبّاقة في إصدار قوانين خاصة جنائية لمكافحتها، أمّا –وطنياً- فقد أصدر العراق لائحة لمكافحة المنشطات إلا أنها تفتقر للنظام القانوني لتجرّيمها، وأصدر قانوناَ لتأسيس المحكمة الرياضية، وتعد أول خطوة لحل النزاعات الرياضية.
أثر مبدأ تكافؤ الفرص في تولي المناصب الإدارية
Authors: عبود رحيم رعد , علوان كريم منتصر
Published: January 2025

مر مبدأ تكافؤ الفرص في تولي الوظيفة العامة بمراحل متعددة ، فبعد أن كان شغل الوظيفة العامة في العصور التي سبقت الثورة الفرنسية عام 1789 يقوم على عددٍ من الاعتبارات منها: السياسية، و المذهبية، و القومية، و الدينية، و المكانة الاجتماعية.... وبفضل ما تضمنه إعلان الثورة الفرنسية من مبادئ مهمة في تولي الوظيفة صارت مصدر إلهام ومبدأ أساسياً في الإعلانات والمواثيق الدولية التي تلت الثورة الفرنسية وبفضل تطور العلاقات الدولية على مر الزمن صار مبدأ تكافؤ الفرص في تولي الوظيفة العامة من المبادئ الدستورية. لمعظم دول العالم، وذلك لانعكاسات هذا المبدأ على معظم حقوق الإنسان يتناول هذا البحث بيان مفهوم تكافؤ الفرص في تولي الوظيفة العامة، ومن ثم: يتم التطرق إلى بيان أهم الآثار الايجابية لتطبيق مبدأ تكافؤ الفرص في تولي الوظيفة على البعض من حقوق الإنسان فضلاً عن الآثار السلبية لعدم تطبيق هذا المبدأ على عددٍ من حقوق الإنسان وخلصَ البحث الى ان الوَظيفةُ العامّةُ في دوَلِ العالِمِ الثّالِثِ تصطبِغُ بِالصِّبغةِ السّياسيّةِ (الطّبقةِ الحاكِمةِ) سواء كان ذلِك في توَلّي الوَظيفةُ العامّةُ أم إشغال المناصِبُ القياديّةُ، وان افضل طريقة للتقليل من اثر الضغوطات السياسية في تولي المناصب العامة، يكون بتفعيل أحكام الدستور الخاصة بتطبيق مبدأ تكافؤ الفرص بين المواطنين في تولي الوظائف العامة، واصدار تشريعات قانونية تضمن تطبيق مبدأ تكافؤ الفرص في تولي الوظيفة العامة.
موانع حرية التعبير عن الرأي في نطاق تشريعات الوظيفة العامة – دراسة تحليلية
Authors: عبد الرحمن حمدان آلاء , علوان كريم منتصر
Published: January 2025

تُعدّ حرية التعبير عن الرأي، التي كفلتها المواثيق الدولية المعنية بحقوق الإنسان، ودستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005، من الحريات الحديثة نسبيًّا للفرد العراقي، سواءً كان موظفًا عامًّا أم مواطنًا، كما إنّ تفعيل هذه الحرية لم يجد حيزًا من التطبيق إلا بعد عام 2005، وإنَّ تطبيقه يُعدّ تطبيقًا نسبيًّا، فهو من الحريات التي ترتبط بالبنية الاجتماعية والثقافية للمجتمع بشكل عام، أما انتقال هذا المفهوم إلى نطاق الوظيفة العامة، التي تحكمها جملة من التشريعات التي لم تكن تتوافق مع هذا المفهوم؛ بسبب أنّ أغلب تشريعات الوظيفة العامة سابقة في تشريعها لإقرار هذه الحرية الدستورية، فضلًا عن عدم وجود معايير واضحة للتمييز بين ما يُعدّ جزءًا من الحق الدستوري للمرؤوس في ممارسة حرية التعبير عن الرأي، وبين ما يُعدّ مخالفة لتشريعات الوظيفة العامة.
الحماية القانونية لعمل الطفل (دراسة في حقوق الإنسان)
Authors: إبراهيم خلف كردي خليل
Published: January 2025

إن حقوق الإنسان وحرياته الأساسية تم الاعتراف بها لجميع الإفراد صغاراً و كباراً من خلال الأديان السماوية والمواثيق والإعلانات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية، وبالنسبة لفئة الأطفال التي تمثل كنز الأمة ومستقبلها، فهي استمرار للحياة وتدفقها، لذا نجد إن المجتمع الدولي قد أولى أهمية كبيرة لهذه الفئة من خلال توفير الحماية القانونية لعملها ومنع استغلالها وألزم كافة الدول الإطراف في الاتفاقيات الدولية المعنية بذلك إلى اتخاذ كافة الإجراءات والوسائل اللازمة للحد من ظاهرة عمل الأطفال في الأنشطة الخطرة أو المضرة بالصحة كالعمل في المناجم أو العمل تحت الماء أو على ارتفاعات كبيرة، لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة لتسلط الضوء على أهم الوسائل والإجراءات القانونية التي أشارت إليها الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية والتي أسهمت بحماية الأطفال في مجال الإعمال التي يمارسونها.
المسؤولية الدولية لمرتكبي جرائم الحرب في القانون الدولي الانساني
Authors: مجيد حميد مؤيد
Published: January 2025

تعد جرائم الحرب من الافعال التي يشوبها الغموض نتيجة تعلق الاعتراف بارتكابها بإرادة الدول الكبرى في المجتمع الدولي لذا ليس من السهولة بيانها ولا حتى معرفة مرتكبيها ومن ثم من الصعوبة بمكان ايقاع المسؤولية الدولية عليهم. لذا لابد من تحديد مفهوم المسؤولية الدولية وانواعها وكذلك مفهوم جرائم الحرب وانواعها وايضا اركان جرائم الحرب. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وذلك لملائمة المنهج المتبع مع الغاية التي يتطلبها الوصول بالبحث الى غايته، وقد تمت دراسة البحث على مبحثين، إذ تضمن المبحث الاول دراسة ماهية المسؤولية الدولية اما المبحث الثاني فقد خصص لدراسة ماهية جرائم الحرب وأركانها الثلاثة وهي الركن المادي والمعنوي والدولي ومن ثم الدعوى الى وضع آليات دولية للحد من انتهاكات حقوق الانسان بخاصة اثناء النزاعات المسلحة، إذ لا بد من الزام الدول على احترام ما جاءت به اتفاقيات جنيف لعام 1949 بهذا الشأن.
Regulation Focused Psychotherapy for Children (RFP-C) with Externalizing Behaviors: Comparing the Successful Case of "Jack," and the Unsuccessful Case of "Oliver"
Authors: Brooks Carly , Kufferath-Lin Tatianna , Prout Tracy , Di Giuseppe Mariagrazia , Bate Jordan , Aafjes-Van Doorn Katie , Hoffman Leon , Rice Timothy
Published: January 2025

Regulation Focused Psychotherapy for Children (RFP-C) is a manualized, time-limited, psychodynamic approach for children who experience challenges with emotion regulation and demonstrate externalizing behavior problems (Hoffman et al., 2016). In research settings, it takes place over ten weeks and includes 16 sessions with the child and four with the child’s parents. This protocol can be extended or modified in regular clinical practice.
            The current study utilized a dual case study method to analyze pretreatment and post-treatment measures and compare psychotherapy outcomes and process in RFP-C between a successful and an unsuccessful case. Data examined included (a) quantitative outcome measures; (b) case conceptualizations and clinical vignettes drawn from review of session videos; (c) post-treatment interviews with parent, child, and therapist; and (d) psychotherapy process codings of child and parent sessions. These data were employed to (a) identify differential psychotherapy processes; (b) assess parental defense mechanisms; (c) assess parental attachment classifications; and (d) evaluate therapist countertransference ratings.
            Results indicated that many variables contributed to successful versus unsuccessful treatment outcomes, including but not limited to (a) the child’s spontaneity; (b) the child’s active participation and emotional expression throughout treatment; (c) themes of child play; (d) the therapist’s countertransference; (e) the child and parental defense mechanisms; and (f) the parental attachment styles. Taken together, findings from this study contribute to the literature on therapeutic outcomes for children and families and highlight some of the essential characteristics of successful psychotherapy process. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are also discussed.
Reflections on Methods, Therapeutic Alliance, and Possibilities for Psychotherapy Integration in the RFP-C Cases of "Jack" and "Oliver"
Authors: Prout Tracy , Brooks Carly , Kufferath-Lin Tatianna , Hoffman Leon , Di Giuseppe Mariagrazia , Bate Jordon , Aafjes-Van Doorn Katie , Rice Timothy
Published: January 2025

The commentaries by Cirasola (2025) and Kigin and Hembree-Kigin (2025) on the comparison case study of a successful and unsuccessful treatment of Regulation-Focused Psychotherapy for Children (RFP-C; Brooks et al., 2025) explore ways to extend the depth and breadth of child psychotherapy research; highlight the importance of therapeutic alliance research; and offer alternative perspectives on the treatment of externalizing behaviors. Cirasola (2025) notes concepts regarding the importance of case selection in comparative case studies, the crucial role of interviewers when obtaining interview data, and offers suggestions about ways to enhance analysis of qualitative data. Kigin and Hembree-Kigin (2025) approach the case studies from a behavioral perspective, using Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) as a framework for reconceptualizing the clinical material and emphasizing the importance of parents as agents of change in child psychotherapy outcomes. In our response we aim to, in essence, converse with these colleagues who have generously taken the time to read the original comparative case study and have shared their expertise with us.
O Circuito MakerMAT: potencializando o ensino de matemática com a cultura maker
Authors: Gondim Raquel de Sousa , Serafim Ruth de Sousa Gondim , Ribeiro Ana Paula de Medeiros , Vasconcelos Francisco Herbert Lima
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda a análise do processo de aprendizagem de matemática em alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, uma vez que fundamenta-se na implementação de sequências didáticas com base na cultura maker, conforme o circuito MakerMAT. Dessa forma, justifica-se a pesquisa pela necessidade de novas abordagens pedagógicas que tornem o ensino de matemática mais dinâmico e envolvente. Assim, o principal objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o impacto da cultura maker, particularmente por meio do circuito MakerMAT, na aprendizagem matemática, explorando como sequências didáticas bem planejadas e executadas podem contribuir para uma aprendizagem mais ativa e significativa. Para tanto, a pesquisa utilizou a metodologia da pesquisa-ação, a qual é fundamentada no construcionismo de Papert, alinhando-se, portanto, a uma abordagem qualitativa e exploratória descritiva para obter um entendimento profundo do processo. Os resultados indicaram que a integração de atividades maker no circuito MakerMAT favorece uma compreensão mais ampla e prática dos conceitos matemáticos. Além disso, o feedback positivo dos participantes e as evidências empíricas reforçam o valor da cultura maker, dentro do escopo do circuito MakerMAT, como ferramenta transformadora para o ensino da matemática, visto que promove um aprendizado significativo e prepara os estudantes para os desafios do futuro.
Avaliação do rendimento de capineira de BRS Capiaçú para bovinocultura leiteira visando suplementação, fazenda escola – UNIG, Piraí, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Fernandes Carolina Baena , Marins Marcella Santos de , Souza Djlany Moté de , Barros Letícia Letícia Macário , Leite Dala Kezen Vieira Hardman , Chagas Walker Nunes , Vilela Joice Aparecida Resende , Soares Paula Fernanda Chaves
Published: January 2025

Conceitualmente, a capineira é uma área plantada com forrageiras diversas que são cortadas e oferecidas aos animais. A presença de capineira confere a propriedade rural a oferta ininterrupta de forrageira de boa qualidade, permitindo ao animal mesmo em períodos de estiagem uma boa produtividade pois confere ao gado alimentação ideal. Não somente na seca, mas fatores como insolação, temperatura e inconstância alimentar contribuem para queda da produção leiteira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a avaliação de rendimento de uma capineira do cultivar BRS Capiaçu localizada na Fazenda Escola - UNIG, Piraí, Rio de Janeiro, que fornece complementação de volumoso para bovinos de leite criados a pasto (manejo semi – intensivo). Em uma área previamente determinada (capineira de BRS Capiaçu), de foram coletadas 5 touceiras de forma linear para avaliação. As mesmas foram cortadas e seus perfilho foram contados, medidos e pesados. O peso médio das touceiras ficou em 18,08Kg, considerando o espaçamento entre plantas de 0,9cm e o entre linhas de 2,20 (considerando 1ha=100mx100m, 100m/2,2=45linhas, 45linhas*100m=4500 metros lineares - ml). Dessa forma, 4500ml/0,9m=5.000 touceiras, 5.000*18,08=90,4ton/ha. Apresentando rendimento abaixo da média para esse cultivar que varia entre 100 a 300 ton/ha. Recomenda-se a realização de análise de fertilidade do solo, com possível indicação de calagem e adubação, e verificação se há interesse em irrigação.
Elites, política e sociedade: no caminho da síntese teórica
Authors: Couto Felipe Rabelo
Published: January 2025

Este ensaio discute a teoria das elites e suas premissas elementares. A discussão se concentra nos momentos-chave em que as formulações teóricas tiveram maior impacto na compreensão do fenômeno das elites. Inicialmente, abordamos o surgimento da teoria das elites, no final do século XIX e início do XX, em um contexto de desconfiança e pessimismo quanto ao processo de ampliação da participação política. Em seguida, destacamos a renovação teórica ocorrida a partir da década de 1950, marcada tanto por um revisionismo com premissas democráticas quanto por esforços de síntese entre a teoria das elites e a teoria social. O ensaio percorre as contribuições de autores fundamentais, como Mosca, Pareto, Michels, Schumpeter, Bobbio, Dahl, Bottomore, Aron e Wright Mills, ilustrando o desenvolvimento da teoria das elites. Concluímos que a teoria das elites se consolidou como uma tradição analítica, que deixou de ser filosófica para adotar uma abordagem sociológica, abrindo caminho para a convergência com a prosopografia.
O princípio da simetria no federalismo brasileiro: uma análise jurídica
Authors: Santos Mariana Assunção Ralim , Neta Josefa Gilvanda de Moura Santos , Baro Andreia Rodrigues Ferreira , Oliveira Jadson Correia de
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo investigou o federalismo brasileiro sob a ótica do princípio da simetria, considerando as assimetrias existentes entre as 27 unidades federativas e os desafios da descentralização do poder estatal previstos pela Constituição de 1988. Identificou-se como problema central a concentração de poder na União, que limita a autonomia financeira e administrativa dos Estados, mesmo no contexto do pacto federativo. O objetivo foi analisar como o princípio da simetria é aplicado nas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), verificando sua influência na manutenção da centralização do poder. A metodologia consistiu em análise documental, com enfoque nas decisões do STF que tratam do pacto federativo e da aplicação do princípio da simetria. Os resultados apontam que, embora o pacto federativo tenha buscado conferir maior autonomia aos entes federativos, o poder continua centralizado na União. O princípio da simetria, frequentemente utilizado como argumento nas decisões do STF, acaba por reforçar essa centralização e comprometer a autonomia estatal. Conclui-se que, apesar das previsões constitucionais de descentralização, o federalismo brasileiro apresenta um desequilíbrio, com a União exercendo significativo controle sobre os Estados. As decisões do STF, ao fundamentarem-se no princípio da simetria, contribuem para perpetuar essa dinâmica, evidenciando a necessidade de repensar o modelo federativo vigente.
Olhares egressos de uma formação interdisciplinar pautada no processo de humanização em saúde
Authors: Cruz Felipe Sampaio da , Monteiro Victória Pereira , Sena Mariana Soares de Almeida , Silva Rebeca Borges , Oliveira Tainá Santos , Carvalho Raissa de Figueirêdo , Santana Maeli Sales , Rodrigues Camila dos Santos , Aragão Thaís Emanuelle Bomfim , Amor Ana Lúcia Moreno
Published: January 2025

Promoveu-se uma reflexão acerca do modelo formativo que compõe o curso do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Saúde, discutindo sobre o seu diferencial em relação aos itinerários formativos no modelo tradicional. Partindo de uma metodologia ativa e dialogada, possibilitou-se o contato inicial de novos estudantes com uma proposta de formação mais humanizada e interprofissional, buscando sanar dúvidas inerentes ao ingresso e sobre o funcionamento, diferenciais e desafios. A ação contou com um ambiente aberto para esclarecimentos e discussões pertinentes com a participação virtual e/ou presencial de egressos que compartilharam/partilharam suas experiências acadêmicas e profissionais, em um rico espaço de troca, dialogando sobre essa formação e perspectivas para os próximos semestres. Os discentes egressos deste modelo formativo reconhecem a importância dele para a formação e entendem que este modelo formativo não convencional exerce uma influência positiva na atuação profissional, na medida em que o olhar humanista se sobressai em relação à óptica biomédica.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de chikungunya registrados entre os anos de 2020 a 2022 em Montes Claros, Norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: Menesses Sara Gonçalves Neri , Silva Valter Hernando , Cardoso Jamila Bruna , Marinho Rebecca Alves , Assis Jadson Rabelo , Barbosa Lucélia Karoline Gonçalves , Líbero Izabella Sampaio , Toma Anny Izumi , Silva Caio Siqueira e , Ornelas Maria Elisa Souza Ornelas , Antonio Ana Claudia Nascimento Del , Costa Maria Cristina da , Ferreira Anderson Custódio , Vasconcelos Viviane de Oliveira , Pimenta Guilherme Moreira , Damasceno Eurislene Moreira Antunes , Monção Thiago Santos , Figueiredo Flávio Junior Barbosa , Paula-Júnior Waldemar de , Guimarães Talita Antunes
Published: January 2025

Chikungunya é uma doença viral transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, sendo considerada uma arbovirose, a qual o agente etiológico é transmitido pela picada da fêmea infectada do gênero Aedes. Os sintomas são febre, mialgia, cefaléia retro-orbitária, erupção avermelhada na pele e artralgia. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos ou das pessoas acometidas por Chikungunya no município de Montes Claros, Norte de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico, com base em dados secundários dos casos de CHIKV identificados no município de Montes Claros e registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, no período de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2022. Os dados foram disponibilizados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Montes Claros. Foram identificados 1.523 casos da doença, sendo o ano de 2022 responsável por 99,1% dos casos registrados, com maior prevalência do sexo feminino (61%), raça/cor parda (61%), idade entre 50 a 64 anos (28,03%) e analfabetos (44,25%). Em relação aos principais sintomas, destacam-se febre (18,60%), mialgia (18,1%) e cefaléia (15,40%). A evolução dos casos foi positiva, a maioria evoluindo com cura (99,27%). Conclui-se que o perfil de casos predomina em grupos sociais específicos, como o sexo feminino, o qual normalmente tem papel de serviço domestico, tendo maior contato com os focos do mosquito em domicílio. Destacam-se também as populações parda e analfabeta, podendo estar relacionadas com fatores socioeconômicos, como a falta de saneamento básico, o que favorece focos do mosquito.
Self-Regulating Space Capsule: Combining Advanced Sensors and Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Sailaja Mrs. K. Swetha , Teja Bugga Sai , Swamy Bingi Kumara , Bhaskar Madasu Vijay
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a revolutionary approach to environmental regulation in space exploration through the design and implementation of a self-regulating space capsule. The system autonomously maintains optimal internal conditions for both human occupants and sensitive equipment. Central to this innovation is the integration of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, DHT11 and LDR sensors, and a proprietary algorithm that dynamically processes real-time environmental data. The system regulates temperature, humidity, and light intensity, activating heating, cooling, and lighting adjustments as needed. The architecture emphasizes modularity, scalability, and energy efficiency, addressing critical challenges in long-duration space missions. This novel design marks a significant advancement in autonomous environmental control systems, providing a reliable, compact, and cost-effective solution for modern space technology.
Ecological approach as the only opportunity to continue world engineering polymeric materials production
Authors: Dobrzański L.A.
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to present the author's views on the general characteristics and ecological aspects of the development of polymer engineering materials and the concept of strategic prevention of environmental degradation that threatens it.Avoiding a global environmental catastrophe requires immediate and complete elimination of the production of non-recyclable polymer materials, a significant increase in the production of biodegradable bio-based materials that enable, among others, the expansion of composting as a method of polymer waste disposal, and the enforcement of well-organised and 100% recycling of products made from polymer materials.The concept of complete limiting the production of non-recyclable polymer materials and significantly intensifying the recycling of polymer materials is closely related to the rationing of primary production of polymer materials only to recyclable grades. It is the only way to prevent further pollution of the natural environment by non-removable polymer waste. The waste, over time, is processed into micro-waste in a way that is not recycled. Uncontrollably polluting the Earth's atmosphere in all regions of the world without exception, thus posing an inevitable threat to living organisms and, above all, to humans.A consistent approach to such principles is the only chance to avoid a global environmental disaster threatened by the continuation of the hitherto careless approach to the serious global problem.The paper contains a collection of source data indicating the global environmental threat due to the uncontrolled development of the production of polymer materials, which significantly threatens civilisation, so the concept of totally eliminating the production of non-recyclable polymer materials and significantly intensifying the recycling of polymer materials is presented.
20 éves Budapest Főváros Levéltára épülete
Authors: Breinich Gábor
Published: January 2025

A főváros levéltára hosszú évtizedekig tartó hányattatás után 2004-ben
végre megfelelő elhelyezéshez jutott Budapest XIII. kerületének
intézményi központtá fejlődött városrészében. A jelentős országos
intézmények tőszomszédságában, 2002 és 2004 között felépült új
épület kifejezetten levéltári célokra készült. Tervezését, beruházását, a
döntéshozók meggyőzését és a szükséges anyagi források megszerzését
hosszas küzdelmek előzték meg.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM ANALYSIS OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC BACILUS CEREUS FROM MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS IN PUDUCHERRY
Authors: S. Sathiesh  , V. Bhanu Rekha  , V. J. Ajay Kumar  , J. Thanislass  , R. Sivachandiran
Published: January 2025

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus from 200 samples including 100 raw milk, 50pasteurized milk and 50 ice cream samples sold in Puducherry. The results revealed that 68 samples (34 %) belonged to B. cereus group which included 36 from raw milk (36%), 9 from pasteurized milk (18%) and 23 from ice cream samples (46 %). On PCR analysis, 64 out of 68 isolates showed the presence of gyrB gene which differentiates B. cereus from B. cereus group isolates. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of four enterotoxigenic genes hblA, nheA, cytK and entF Min 32.35 %, 77.94 %>, 54.41 % and 94.12% of the 64 isolates. On biofilm production assay, out of 64 enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates, 60 (93.75 %) isolates showed the ability to form biofilm in which 13 (20.31 %) were strong, 21 (32.81 %) were moderate and26 (40.63 %) were weak biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The current study directs the need for proper hygienic measures during collection, production, processing and storage of milk to reduce the contamination level. It also indicates the need for surveillance and action to reduce the contamination of enterotoxigenic B. cereus in milk and milk products in Puducherry.
CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF COLOSTRUM INDIGESTION IN MURRAH BUFFALO
Authors: M.F.M.F Siddiqui  , M.P. Sakhare  , A.M. Syed  , S.R. Shaikh  , M.M. Raut  , P.M. Padole
Published: January 2025

A six year old female buffalo was presented with history ofparturition before 4 days and accidental feeding of about 4 litres own colostrum by the owner. Clinical examination revealed anorexia, circling, excitation and wandering behavior, mucoid hard sticky feces, absence of water intake and ruminal atony. pH of ruminal fluid was 8.5. The buffalo was successfully treated with vinegar, multivitamin, chlorpheneramine maleate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and fluid therapy and recovery was seen on 3rd day. In conclusion, colostrum feeding in adult buffalo can cause alkaline indigestion which can be successfully treated with vinegar and supportive fluid therapy.
INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM (IES) FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY IN KARAIKAL, UNION TERRITORYOF PUDUCHERRY
Authors: I. Praveen Kumar  , P.T. Suraj  , S. Harikumar  , Joseph Mathew
Published: January 2025

In India, small and marginal farmers, comprising 85% of the farming community, are pivotal to the rural economy. Addressing the rising demands amidst agricultural resource scarcity requires a holistic approach like Integrated Farming System (IFS). This method combines crop production, livestock, fishery, waste management, and poultry production synergistically. IFS boosts productivity, utilizes resources efficiently, and enhances food production, stabilizing income and ensuring nutritional security. A study in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry, which was an agricultural land and the entire farm revealed a benefit­cost ratio of 1.75, demonstrating IFS's potential in overcoming population growth and resource challenges.
PERAN KUALITAS PERSAHABATAN TERHADAP HAPPINESS PADA MAHASISWA RANTAU
Authors: Stephanie Gabriel  , Lia Aulia Fachrial
Published: January 2025

Status sebagai mahasiswa perantau tentu adalah hal baru bagi sebagian besar mahasiswa. Mulai dari lingkungan, peran, hingga tanggung jawab yang berbeda dari sebelumnya. Kehadiran sahabat dalam mengisi hari-hari selama masa perantauan menjadi salah satu hal penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh kualitas persahabatan terhadap kebahagiaan pada mahasiswa perantau. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah 150 mahasiswa perantau dengan rentang usia 18 – 23 tahun, perempuan dan laki-laki, berdomisili di berbagai wilayah Indonesia (DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Luar Pulau Jawa), kuliah merantau baik di Pulau Jawa maupun Luar Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakkan Teknik regresi sederhana. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala kebahagiaan dari (Seligman, 2005) dan skala kualitas persahabatan (Bukowski, Hoza, Boivin, 1994). Hasil Uji hipotesis diperoleh terdapat pengaruh kualitas persahabatan terhadap kebahagiaan (R Square = 0,280 dengan nilai Sig. = 0, 000). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis diterima, yaitu kualitas persahabatan memiliki pengaruh sebesar 28% terhadap kebahagiaan pada mahasiswa perantau, dan sisanya sebesar 72% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor diluar penelitian.
Data Analysis and Prediction of Student Academic Performance
Authors: Darshini Priya
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Predicting student performance across datasets with varying distributions remains a complex challenge in educational analytics. This study presents a novel approach to address this issue by utilizing transfer learning techniques to improve prediction accuracy. Objective: The research leverages a comprehensive dataset from Kaggle, encompassing demographic details, social factors, and academic performance indicators, to uncover significant patterns and relationships that influence student outcomes. By analyzing these factors, the study provides valuable insights that enable students to assess their academic progress, refine their learning strategies, and enhance overall efficiency.Method: The proposed methodology not only improves predictive accuracy but also bridges existing gaps in understanding student performance across diverse educational contexts. Result: These findings can be applied to develop personalized support systems, empowering students with actionable recommendations tailored to their individual needs.Conclusion: By addressing these challenges, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of student performance dynamics and highlights the potential of advanced predictive techniques to drive meaningful educational interventions.