bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misalignments measurement of CPV optical components through image acquisition
Authors: San José L. , Vallerotto G. , Herrero R. , Antón I.
Published: April 2020

Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV) technology relies on optical systems that concentrate sunlight on solar cells in exchange for a reduction of the permitted angular tolerance when pointing at the sun. A proper alignment between optics and photovoltaic receivers is crucial for the performance of this technology, particularly point focus CPV systems with concentration ratios above 100X that have narrow angular tolerances. This study presents the theoretical fundamentals of a method for evaluating misalignments in a CPV module. The method is based on the acquisition and analysis of images, taken by a camera, of the photovoltaic receivers magnified through the primary optics. The method has been successfully validated by empirical measurements and ray tracing simulations of a single lens-receiver unit.
Conformal convolutional neural network (CCNN) for single-shot sensorless wavefront sensing
Authors: Zhang Yuanlong , Zhou Tiankuang , Fang Lu , Kong Lingjie , Xie Hao , Dai Qionghai
Published: April 2020

Wavefront sensing technique is essential in deep tissue imaging, which guides spatial light modulator to compensate wavefront distortion for better imaging quality. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) based sensorless wavefront sensing methods have achieved remarkable speed advantages via single-shot measurement methodology. However, the low efficiency of convolutional filters dealing with circular point-spread-function (PSF) features makes them less accurate. In this paper, we propose a conformal convolutional neural network (CCNN) that boosts the performance by pre-processing circular features into rectangular ones through conformal mapping. The proposed conformal mapping reduces the number of convolutional filters that need to describe a circular feature, thus enables the neural network to recognize PSF features more efficiently. We demonstrate our CCNN could improve the wavefront sensing accuracy over 15% compared to a traditional CNN through simulations and validate the accuracy improvement in experiments. The improved performances make the proposed method promising in high-speed deep tissue imaging.
Measurement of complex refractive index with tunable extreme ultraviolet high harmonic source
Authors: Hirano Daisuke , Nagakubo Yuki , Omachi Junko , Yoshioka Kosuke , Kuwata-Gonokami Makoto
Published: April 2020

We report a broadband refractive index measurement method based on a higher harmonic generation tabletop coherent extreme ultraviolet source. We measured the complex refractive index of a sample material by measuring the interference pattern produced by a bare double slit and comparing this with the pattern produced by another double slit with one slit covered by the sample material. We validated the method by measuring the complex refractive index of aluminum in the photon energy range of 63–78 eV using a neon gas jet. The measurement system had errors of less than 0.02%.
Passive polymer-dispersed liquid crystal enabled multi-focal plane displays
Authors: He Ziqian , Yin Kun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: April 2020

A multi-focal plane see-through near-eye display using a transparent projection display is demonstrated. The key component of the transparent projection display is a passive polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), which is highly transparent for a large range of incident angles in air but strongly scattering at large oblique angles in high refractive index medium (e.g. glass). The use of a passive device can avoid temporal multiplexing. Such a display is highly transparent in air and can easily deliver full-color images. The proposed method is an important step toward transparent display-enabled multi-focal plane displays.
Optofluidic microbubble Fabry–Pérot cavity
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Zhao Xuyang , Guo Zhihe , Fu Liang , Lu Qijing , Xie Shusen , Wu Xiang
Published: April 2020

An optofluidic microbubble Fabry–Pérot (OMBFP) cavity was investigated. In contrast to plane-plane FP (PPFP) cavities, the optical mode confinement and stability in an OMBFP were significantly enhanced. The optical properties of the OMBFP cavity, including the quality (Q) factor, effective mode area, mode distribution as a function of the core refractive index, microbubble position, and mirror tilt angle, were investigated systematically using the finite element method. In optofluidic lasing experiments, a low lasing threshold of 1.25 µJ/mm2, which was one order magnitude lower than that of the PPFP, was achieved owing to improved modal lateral confinement. Since the microbubble acts as a micro-lens and microfluidic channel in the parallel FP cavity, mode selection and cell-dye laser were easily realized in the OMBFP cavity.
Tuning of polarized room-temperature thermal radiation based on nanogap plasmon resonance
Authors: Park Sung-Jun , Kim Young-Bin , Moon Yoon-Jong , Cho Jin-Woo , Kim Sun-Kyung
Published: April 2020

When a one-dimensional (1D) metal array is coupled to a planar metal mirror with a dielectric gap, localized plasmon resonance is excited inside the gap at a specific polarization of light in free space. Herein, we report on the completely polarized, mid-infrared thermal radiation that is released from gap plasmon resonators with a nanometer-thick dielectric. We fabricated nanogap plasmon resonators with 1D Au or Ni array of various widths (w) using laser interference lithography. An atomic layer deposition process was used to introduce a 10 nm-thick alumina gap between a 1D metal array and a planar metal mirror. It was observed that only for the Au nanogap plasmon resonators, high-amplitude absorption peaks that were attributed to gap plasmon modes with different orders appeared at discrete wavelengths in a polarization-resolved spectrum. In addition, all the pronounced peaks were gradually redshifted with increasing w. At w = 1.2–1.6 µm, the fundamental gap plasmon mode was tuned to the main wavelengths (8–9 µm) of thermal radiation at room temperature (e.g., ∼300 K), which led to polarization-selective camouflage against standard infrared thermal imaging. The results of electromagnetic simulations quantitatively agreed with the measured absorbance spectra in both peak wavelength and amplitude. We believe that these experimental efforts towards achieving radiation/absorption spectra tailored at mid-infrared wavelengths will be further exploited in thermal-radiation harnessed energy devices, spectroscopic sensors, and radiative coolers.
OAM-basis transmission matrix in optics: a novel approach to manipulate light propagation through scattering media
Authors: Zhang Hengkang , Zhang Bin , Liu Qiang
Published: April 2020

Transmission matrix (TM) is an ideal theoretical model describing light propagation through scattering media. Until now, most of the present TMs utilize the eigenstates of spatial position as input and output bases. Thus, they describe the relationship between the spatial distributions of two light fields. Here, we demonstrate that wider relationships between the light fields could be described by a TM. As a significant example, we propose a generalized TM with the eigenstates of OAM as input bases – OAM-basis TM. With the measured OAM-basis TM, we achieved single-spot and multiple-spot focusing, verifying its availability in light propagation manipulation. The distinct eigenchannels property was also discussed. The OAM-basis TM has broadened the definition of TM. Meanwhile, it will open new perspectives for OAM-based communication, as well as the applications of wavefront shaping technology in biomedical photonics and optical communication.
Compact multi-million Q resonators and 100  MHz passband filter bank in a thick-SOI photonics platform
Authors: Zhang Bohan , Al Qubaisi Kenaish , Cherchi Matteo , Harjanne Mikko , Ehrlichman Yossef , Khilo Anatol N. , Popović Miloš A.
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate ring and racetrack resonators with

Q

s of 3.8 to 7.5 million and 100 MHz bandwidth racetrack resonator filters, implemented in a thick silicon-on-insulator foundry platform that features a 3 µm thick device layer. We show that special racetrack resonators (with weakly guiding straight sections that transition to strongly confining bends) implemented in this platform can be preferable to rings for applications such as integrated microwave–photonic signal processing that require filters with sub-GHz bandwidth, tens of GHz of free spectral range (FSR), and a compact footprint for dense system-on-chip integration. We demonstrate ring resonators with

7.5
×

10
6

intrinsic

Q

, but limited FSR of 5.1 GHz and a taxing footprint of

21

m
m

2

due to a large 2.6 mm bend-loss-limited radius. In comparison, we demonstrate two racetrack resonator designs with intrinsic

Q

s of

3.8
×

10
6

and

4.3
×

10
6

, larger respective FSRs of 11.6 GHz and 7.9 GHz, and less than

1

/

20

t
h

the area of the ring resonator. Using racetrack resonators, we implemented a four-channel, 100 MHz wide passband filter bank with 4.2 to 5.4 dB insertion loss to drop ports.
Modifications of effective optical properties of a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H multilayers by means of multilayer design and sublayer thickness
Authors: Müllerová Jarmila , Šutta Pavel , Calta Pavel , Netrvalová Marie , Medlín Rostislav
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a study of optical properties of two series of PECVD deposited planar a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H multilayers that are differently arranged. The first series design is symmetric consisting of samples with equidistant a-Si:H and a-SiNx:H sublayers of increasing thickness. In the second asymmetric series the thickness of a-SiNx:H sublayers remains constant and the thickness of a-Si:H sublayers changes to represent materials with changing a-Si:H/a-SiNx:H content ratio. From transmittance measurements refractive indices, absorption coefficients and optical band gaps were extracted and compared. The importance of the knowledge of wavelength-dependent refractive indices and absorption coefficients was demonstrated in the calculations of the absorptance under the Yablonovitch limit and of total relative absorbed solar energy. The total absorbed solar energy was commented with respect to a specific multilayer design.
A plea for the study of the relation between the Aretaic Morality and the Deontic and Responsibility Moralities
Authors: Lourenço Orlando M.
Published: April 2020

Although the deontic, responsibility/caring, and aretaic moralities have been extensively investigated, the relation among them, namely the relation between the aretaic and the deontic and responsibility moralities, have rarely been studied. To fill in this gap is the main goal of this study. In the first part, we set the context for the study of the relation between the aretaic and the deontic and caring moralities, while arguing that Kohlberg’s theory is mainly a deontic moral theory. Second, we elaborate on the reasons why Kohlberg did not introduce an aretaic morality into his theory. Third, we show that Kohlberg’s reasons to exclude this type of morality from his moral theory are problematic. Fourth, we argue that much could be gained if moral psychology took the aretaic morality and its relation to the deontic and caring/responsibility moralities into account. Fifth, we present the main findings of an exploratory research on preadolescents’ (n = 32) and adolescents’ (n = 32) deontic, aretaic and responsibility evaluations of hypothetical actions, and analyze the relations among these evaluations. Finally, we summarize the main ideas of this study; refer to some of its limitations; point to some examples for future research; and claim that our suggestion of an aretaic-deontic-responsibility model may contribute to the understanding of one’s moral functioning. However, this suggestion requires further methodological and empirical efforts.
Lice infestation and diversity in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Prastowo Joko , Priyowidodo Dwi , Nurcahyo Wisnu , Chusnaifah Defriana Lutfi , Wusahaningtyas Lu'lu' Sahara , Firdausy Lintang Winantya , Sahara Ana
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: Biting lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) are ectoparasites that play important roles in the transmission of disease agents that infect turkeys and impact turkey productivity. This study aimed to determine the diversity of lice that infest turkeys in the Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Lice sampling was conducted at 16 different locations from April 2019 to June 2019 in turkeys aged 4 months to 2 years. The samples were stored in 70% alcohol and were identified using avian louse keys. The morphology of the specimens was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and the resulting data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed.

Results: A total of 2505 lice were collected, and two families and five genera of lice were identified. Three lice genus members of the Philopteridae family (Lipeurus, Oxylipeurus, and Chelopistes) and two genera of the Menoponidae family (Colpocephalum and Menacanthus) were identified. Lipeurus was the most frequently identified genera in turkeys, whereas Menacanthus was the most rarely identified one. The White Holland breed had the highest number of lice infestations, whereas the Jersey Buff breed exhibited the highest diversity of lice genera. The average number of lice infestations was higher in male turkeys than in female turkeys.

Conclusion: The occurrence of ectoparasites in domestic turkeys indicates that the existence and diversity of lice genera in the study location can be influenced by turkey type, turkey maintenance system, enclosure sanitation measures, lack of strategic ectoparasite control, and environmental factors.
A importância da gestão correta da condição crônica na Atenção Primária à Saúde para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
Authors: Barra Rubia Pereira , De Moraes Edgar Nunes , Jardim André Augusto , De Oliveira Karina Kelly , Bonati Poliana Castro de Resende , Issa Ana Cristina , Machado Carla Jorge
Published: April 2020

A pandemia pela COVID-19 trouxe a necessidade de novas estratégias para o seu enfrentamento pela atenção primária à saúde, uma vez que abordagens convencionais poderão não ser efetivas. A infecção pelo SARS-Cov-2 tem como principais alvos os idosos e os indivíduos com hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doença cardiovascular prévia. No município de Uberlândia-MG, este grupo populacional, elemento central da gestão da saúde, vem sendo estratificado por risco, conforme propõe modelo de atenção as condições crônicas. A estratificação de risco tem sido fundamental para o enfrentamento da crise da COVID-19, sendo planejada não apenas de acordo com a idade das pessoas idosas, e sim a partir do índice de vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional, aliando a isto a estratificação de risco de hipertensão e diabetes daqueles idosos portadores destas condições crônicas.
Explainable Machine Learning Model for Predicting GI Bleed Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Deshmukh Farah , Merchant Shamel S.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleed is a common reason for hospitalization with 2%–10% risk of mortality. In this study, we developed a machine learning (ML) model to calculate the risk of mortality in intensive care unit patients admitted for GI bleed and compared it with APACHE IVa risk score. We used explainable ML methods to provide insight into the model's prediction and outcome.

METHODS:

We analyzed the patient data in the Electronic Intensive Care Unit Collaborative Research Database and extracted data for 5,691 patients (mean age = 67.4 years; 61% men) admitted with GI bleed. The data were used in training a ML model to identify patients who died in the intensive care unit. We compared the predictive performance of the ML model with the APACHE IVa risk score. Performance was measured by area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. This study also used explainable ML methods to provide insights into the model's outcome or prediction using the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method.

RESULTS:

The ML model performed better than the APACHE IVa risk score in correctly classifying the low-risk patients. The ML model had a specificity of 27% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25–36) at a sensitivity of 100% compared with the APACHE IVa score, which had a specificity of 4% (95% CI: 3–31) at a sensitivity of 100%. The model identified patients who died with an AUC of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80–0.90) in the internal validation set, whereas the APACHE IVa clinical scoring systems identified patients who died with AUC values of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.86) with P value <0.001.

DISCUSSION:

We developed a ML model that predicts the mortality in patients with GI bleed with a greater accuracy than the current scoring system. By making the ML model explainable, clinicians would be able to better understand the reasoning behind the outcome.
The Long-Term Clinical and Endoscopic Outcomes of Cronkhite–Canada Syndrome
Authors: Liu Shuang , You Yan , Ruan Gechong , Zhou Liangrui , Chen Dan , Wu Dong , Yan Xuemin , Zhang Shengyu , Zhou Weixun , Li Ji , Qian Jiaming
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The prognosis of Cronkhite–Canada syndrome (CCS) is considered poor. Despite the recent therapeutic improvements, the survival outcomes and prognostic factors have been less studied. This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical and endoscopic outcomes of CCS.

METHODS:

Thirty-one patients diagnosed since 1999 and followed up for over 6 months were included. Data regarding survival outcomes, clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and treatment were collected and analyzed. R (version 3.6.1) was used to perform the survival analyses.

RESULTS:

The median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 42.5 (19.5–85.8) months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 87.4%. The maximum gastric polyp size over 2 cm was associated with worse OS (Hazard ratio [HR]: 18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–210, P = 0.021). The 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) after corticosteroid treatment was 66.8%. Age older than 60 years (HR: 7.0, 95% CI: 1.5–33.0, P = 0.015) and maximum gastric polyp size over 2 cm (HR: 6.0, 95% CI: 1.6–23.0, P = 0.009) were associated with worse RFS. Twenty-three patients received follow-up endoscopic examinations, with a median (interquartile range) follow-up time of 29.0 (14.0–53.5) months. Eight (34.8%) and 12 (52.2%) patients achieved complete remission under gastroscopy and colonoscopy, respectively. Colonic lesions showed a tendency of earlier responses compared with gastric lesions (25.0 [11.3–39.8] months vs 31.0 [21.0–39.8] months).

DISCUSSION:

Patients with CCS usually responded well to glucocorticoids with a fairly good 5-year survival rate. Large gastric polyp was associated with worse OS and RFS, whereas age older than 60 years was another predictor for worse RFS. Diffuse gastrointestinal lesions partly or completely resolved after treatment, and colonic lesions showed a better response than gastric lesions.
HUBUNGAN GANGGUAN MAKAN DAN KUALITAS DIET DENGAN STATUS ANEMIA PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI MODELLING SCHOOL
Authors: Bintang Fransisca Natalia , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Panunggal Binar
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang: Remaja yang berprofesi sebagai model sering merasa takut jika mengalami kenaikan berat badan memiliki kecenderungan membatasi asupan makan. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan makan dan anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara gangguan makan dan kualitas diet dengan status anemia pada remaja putri di Modelling School.Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional melibatkan 55 remaja putri berumur 12-19 tahun yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling dan dilakukan di Sekolah Model Semarang. Kadar hemoglobin (Hb) diukur dengan metode Cyanmethemoglobin, gangguan makan menggunakan kuesioner Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), dan kualitas diet diukur dengan formulir food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), kemudian dihitung skor kualitas dietnya menggunakan panduan Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil: Subjek yang mengalami anemia sebanyak 25 orang (45,5%). Gangguan makan ditemukan pada 29 subjek (52,7%) dengan 11 orang mengalami bulimia nervosa. Persentase remaja putri (63,6%) yang memiliki kualitas diet rendah pada penelitian ini lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan remaja (36,4%) yang memiliki kualitas diet tinggi. Hasil menunjukkan subjek (41,4%) yang anemia juga mengalami gangguan makan (p=0,243), dan subjek (45,7%) yang anemia memiliki kualitas diet yang rendah (p=0,959). Kualitas diet rendah (65,5%) ditemukan lebih banyak pada kelompok yang mengalami gangguan makan (p=0,866). Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara gangguan makan dan kualitas diet dengan status anemia pada remaja putri di modelling school (p > 0,05)
Acute Psychological Effects of Resistance Exercise in Men With Symptoms of Muscle Dysmorphia: A Pilot Study
Authors: SantaBarbara Nicholas J. , Nosrat Sanaz , Whitworth James W. , Ciccolo Joseph T.
Published: April 2020

SantaBarbara, NJ, Nosrat, S, Whitworth, JW, Ciccolo, JT. acute psychological effects of resistance exercise in men with symptoms of muscle dysmorphia: A pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 277–283, 2023—This study tested the acute psychological effects of resistance exercise in men with symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. Twenty-one men completed 4 on-site sessions including a single session of moderate- (70% of 10 repetition maximum [RM]) and high- (100% of 10RM) intensity resistance exercise in a counter balanced order separated by at least 48 hours. State body image, perceived muscle size, exercise enjoyment, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed before, during, and after each session, and statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.05. State body image significantly improve from pre to post during both sessions (p < 0.01), with greater effect sizes seen for the high- (d = 0.57) compared with the moderate- (d = 0.39) intensity session. Perceived muscle size improved from pre to post during the high-intensity only (p < 0.01, d = 0.66), and subjects enjoyed the high-intensity session significantly more than the moderate-intensity session (p = 0.01), despite significantly higher RPE at each timepoint (p < 0.01). Results contend with previous findings that show more positive psychological effects of moderate- compared with high-intensity resistance exercise. Education and client observation are essential to be aware of the potential for muscle dysmorphia. In instances where muscle dysmorphia is suspected, referral to qualified mental health professionals is recommended.
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE REUSO DE EFLUENTES DE ETE EM ÁREAS IRRIGADAS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA PIANCÓ-PIRANHAS-AÇU COM VISTAS A UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Magalhães de Araujo Bruna , Pereira Santos Ana Silvia , Araújo de Mendonça Lima Maira , Rodrigues Ayrimoraes Soares Sérgio , Alberto Perdigão Carlos , Carvalho de Melo Marília
Published: April 2020

A Bacia Hidrográfica Piancó-Piranhas-Açu (PPA) abrange uma área total de 43.683 km² (ANA, 2016), com baixas precipitações, resultando em secas hídricas. O reuso de efluentes pode ser visto como uma prática que combate e minimiza os impactos sofridos pelas secas severas. Assim, uma vez que a região possui baixo atendimento ao tratamento de esgoto, neste trabalho, foi realizada uma avaliação do futuro potencial de reuso de efluentes de ETEs em áreas irrigadas. Assim, observou-se que, em relação à projeção para implantação das ETEs, em 2035, serão 131 ETEs em operação, com uma vazão total de 1,41 m3/s. A demanda de água para a agricultura irrigada na bacia é de 17,48 m³/s e com isso a oferta da água de reuso pode representar 8% da demanda de água para irrigação, a um custo estimado de transporte variando entre R$ 2,46/m3 e R$ 12,62/m3, em função do estado (PB e RN) e das distâncias de transporte (10 a 50 km). Comparando o custo da água de reuso com o valor do consumo da água bruta, constatou-se que os valores médios praticados atualmente para consumo de água na irrigação (0,02 R$/m3) inviabilizam financeiramente a prática e não se alinham com os objetivos instituídos pela lei das águas, já que os valores cobrados são ínfimos. Por fim, ficou ainda mais evidente a necessidade em se atingir a universalização do esgotamento sanitário, não somente para minimizar a poluição dos corpos d’água, mas também em propiciar efluentes tratados para a prática de reuso.
Idebenone Has Distinct Effects on Mitochondrial Respiration in Cortical Astrocytes Compared to Cortical Neurons Due to Differential NQO1 Activity
Authors: Jaber Sausan M. , Ge Shealinna X. , Milstein Joshua L. , VanRyzin Jonathan W. , Waddell Jaylyn , Polster Brian M.
Published: April 2020

Idebenone is a synthetic quinone that on reduction in cells can bypass mitochondrial Complex I defects by donating electrons to Complex III. The drug is used clinically to treat the Complex I disease Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), but has been less successful in clinical trials for other neurodegenerative diseases. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) appears to be the main intracellular enzyme catalyzing idebenone reduction. However, NQO1 is not universally expressed by cells of the brain. Using primary rat cortical cells pooled from both sexes, we tested the hypotheses that the level of endogenous NQO1 activity limits the ability of neurons, but not astrocytes, to use idebenone as an electron donor to support mitochondrial respiration. We then tested the prediction that NQO1 induction by pharmacological activation of the transcription factor nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) enables idebenone to bypass Complex I in cells with poor NQO1 expression. We found that idebenone stimulated respiration by astrocytes but reduced the respiratory capacity of neurons. Importantly, idebenone supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the presence of a Complex I inhibitor in astrocytes but not neurons, and this ability was reversed by inhibiting NQO1. Conversely, recombinant NQO1 delivery to neurons prevented respiratory impairment and conferred Complex I bypass activity. Nrf2 activators failed to increase NQO1 in neurons, but carnosic acid induced NQO1 in COS-7 cells that expressed little endogenous enzyme. Carnosic acid–idebenone combination treatment promoted NQO1-dependent Complex I bypass activity in these cells. Thus, combination drug strategies targeting NQO1 may promote the repurposing of idebenone for additional disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIdebenone is used clinically to treat loss of visual acuity in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Clinical trials for several additional diseases have failed. This study demonstrates a fundamental difference in the way idebenone affects mitochondrial respiration in cortical neurons compared with cortical astrocytes. Cortical neurons are unable to use idebenone as a direct mitochondrial electron donor due to NQO1 deficiency. Our results suggest that idebenone behaves as an NQO1-dependent prodrug, raising the possibility that lack of neuronal NQO1 activity has contributed to the limited efficacy of idebenone in neurodegenerative disease treatment. Combination therapy with drugs able to safely induce NQO1 in neurons, as well as other brain cell types, may be able to unlock the neuroprotective therapeutic potential of idebenone or related quinones.
Visual Size Processing in Early Visual Cortex Follows Lateral Occipital Cortex Involvement
Authors: Zeng Hang , Fink Gereon R. , Weidner Ralph
Published: April 2020

Neural activation in the early visual cortex (EVC) reflects the perceived rather than retinal size of stimuli, suggesting that feedback possibly from extrastriate regions modulates retinal size information in EVC. Meanwhile, the lateral occipital cortex (LOC) has been suggested to be critically involved in object size processing. To test for the potential contributions of feedback modulations on size representations in EVC, we investigated the dynamics of relevant processes using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Specifically, we briefly disrupted the neural activity of EVC and LOC at early, intermediate, and late time windows while participants performed size judgment tasks in either an illusory or neutral context. TMS over EVC and LOC allowed determining whether these two brain regions are relevant for generating phenomenological size impressions. Furthermore, the temporal order of TMS effects allowed inferences on the dynamics of information exchange between the two areas. Particularly, if feedback signals from LOC to EVC are crucial for generating altered size representations in EVC, then TMS effects over EVC should be observed simultaneously or later than the effects following LOC stimulation. The data from 20 humans (13 females) revealed that TMS over both EVC and LOC impaired illusory size perception. However, the strongest effects of TMS applied over EVC occurred later than those of LOC, supporting a functionally relevant feedback modulation from LOC to EVC for scaling size information. Our results suggest that context integration and the concomitant change of perceived size require LOC and result in modulating representations in EVC via recurrent processing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow we perceive an object's size is not entirely determined by its physical size or the size of its retinal representation but also the spatial context. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we investigated the role of the early visual cortex (EVC) and the higher-level visual area, lateral occipital cortex (LOC), known to be critically involved in object processing, in transforming an initial retinal representation into one that reflects perceived size. Transcranial magnetic stimulation altered size perception earlier over LOC compared with EVC, suggesting that context integration and the concomitant change in perceived size representations in EVC rely on feedback from LOC.
INFORMATION ECONOMY: A CHANCE TO BUILD A NEW MODEL OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OR AN ILLUSION OF A CHANCE?
Authors:   Academy of Financial Management, ESHCHENKO Petro
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the research of the informational model of development, which arose at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries as a result of the information and technological revolution (ITR). The information economy, its features, ways of formation and contradictions are characterized. On the basis of statistical data, it is shown how the information economy affects the socio-economic situation of various segments of the population in developed and developing countries, particularly in Ukraine. It is proved that ITR, computerization and digitalization of all spheres of public life ultimately leads to the collapse of an existing mature socio-economic system. After all, according to the laws of dialectics, it has become internally contradictory, but at the same time it is a developed element of the next socio-economic system. It is substantiated that Ukraine will not be able to switch to the information economy and form a new model of development unless the real causes of the failure of reforms in the country are resolved. Their consequences are: stagnation, structural deformations, deindustrialization, the outflow of highly qualified personnel abroad, dependence on advanced technologies and external sources of financing, almost total poverty and excessive income differentiation, which reproduces continuous social contradictions. In the author’s opinion, to ensure Ukraine’s transition to the information economy it is necessary to develop a program of strategic development of the country. Such a program should be formed on the basis of integrated social science and technological justification, which will contribute to the renewal of production, bring it closer to the world standards and ensure the socio-economic needs of the Ukrainian people in accordance with adequate modern international standards.
Contribuições da Aprendizagem baseada em Projetos: análise da utilização do método em disciplina do Curso de Administração
Authors: Santos Ana Clarissa Matte Zanardo dos
Published: April 2020

O método Aprendizagem baseada em Projetos - ABP possibilita o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas à resolução de problemas a partir da exploração das experiências e dos conhecimentos que os alunos trazem para a sala de aula, promovendo um ambiente cooperativo e o envolvimento dos alunos com a própria aprendizagem. Diante desta possibilidade, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a ABP pode contribuir para a aprendizagem dos alunos da disciplina de Estratégia Empresarial. Para tanto, o método foi utilizado durante um semestre com 44 alunos na turma do curso de Administração, sendo que os alunos deveriam desenvolver um planejamento estratégico para uma empresa selecionada. Os resultados apontam que o método atendeu as expectativas, uma vez que a maioria dos alunos se engajou no projeto e buscou apresentar soluções que integrassem os dados obtidos a partir da investigação realizada e dos temas trabalhados em sala de aula. Pode-se perceber, então, que a utilização de um método ativo que considere a experiência e protagonismo dos alunos facilita a aprendizagem.
‘God As We Understood Him’
Authors: Hahn Jennifer Lois
Published: April 2020

Members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) draw upon beliefs, practices, and experiences they deem spiritual in order to help them get and stay sober. This article traces how AA emerged from its evangelical parent to become a “spiritual rather than religious organization” by encouraging members to engage with “God as we understood Him.” Interviews with thirty-four current and former AA members in the greater Los Angeles area, as well as ethnographic observation at AA meetings and related events, reveal how a significant number of modern AAs have adopted a personal “spiritual but not religious” orientation, seeking a healing truth outside of traditional religious organizations. Emerging from the Twelve Steps and sometimes in imitation of one of AA’s founders, this perennialist orientation touts a loving and forgiving Higher Power and a notion of spirituality as a profound interconnection with other alcoholics, challenging scholarly assumptions about narcissism and social disengagement in contemporary spirituality.
Recovering Theism
Authors: McClure Paul K.
Published: April 2020

Recent studies in the sociology of religion have shown that religion and spirituality are related yet distinct concepts which impact social life in a variety of ways. Since its founding in 1935, the popular program known as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has offered an approach to addiction recovery that manifestly adopts spirituality as a means to sobriety while at the same time eschewing certain organized religious beliefs. This paper seeks to understand how participants perceive spirituality to be integral to addiction recovery as featured through three biographical case studies of unrelated AA members living in different cities in the United States. While the particularities of these three case studies should not be taken as representative of the AA population since they are tied to specific contexts, the similarities of their stories and the emphasis each respondent places on spirituality should prompt researchers to consider the evident connection between spirituality and recovery through AA participation. Suggestions for future research studies and the implications of these results will be discussed.
Religion, Spirituality and Addiction Recovery
Authors: Dossett Wendy , Metcalf-White Liam
Published: April 2020

Religion, spirituality, non-religion, and the secular (Lee 2014, 2015) are unstable categories that are nonetheless routinely reified by academics, clinicians and practitioners alike, and positioned as fundamental to experiences of addiction recovery. For instance, addiction is often framed, dramatically, as a spiritual malady, yet, just as often, as simply a poor moral choice. While ideas associated with religion or spirituality play out differently in those contrasting diagnoses, the role of religion and spirituality in their aetiology is evident. We (Wendy Dossett and Liam Metcalf-White) argue that the categories of religion, spirituality, and non-religion, as they to relate to addiction recovery, need further analysis than they receive in the clinical literature. This literature frequently presents them as extra “technologies of the self ” (Foucault 1988); either functionally worthwhile or not (Szalavitz 2017); rather than as embedded in the very culture and discourses in which addiction and recovery are named and experienced. We argue for a focus on the latter as more productive for an understanding of the field.
Does Alcoholics Anonymous Help Grow the Spiritual but not Religious Movement?
Authors: Mercadante Linda
Published: April 2020

Both the 12 Step movement of Alcoholics Anonymous and the spiritual-but-not-religious (SBNR) movement insist there is an important difference between spirituality and religion. Briefly, it is claimed that spirituality is personal and heart-felt, while religion consists of human-created doctrines, institutions, and outward rituals. However, the two routes to that definition differ in significant ways. For AA the dichotomy has been functional to allow a diverse membership and reduce an undercurrent of societal judgmentalism. For SBNRs, the claim has been boundary-marking, facilitating the movement away from organized religion. Nevertheless, as AA has progressed, it has become more of a portal away from religion and toward the SBNR ethos. This essay shows some of the more significant theological themes that have facilitated this movement.
The Oncology Data Network (ODN): Methodology, Challenges, and Achievements
Authors: Woolmore Ashley , Arnold Dirk , Blay Jean-Yves , Buske Christian , Carrato Alfredo , Gerritsen Winald , Peeters Marc , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Kerr David
Published: April 2020

Open to all European cancer centers, all cancer patients, and all cancer types, the Oncology Data Network (ODN) aims to create an extensive infrastructure of real-world cancer care information. This article describes the ODN's methodological approaches, challenges, and achievements to date.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND UTERINE PROLAPSE
Authors: ATA Can , İLERİ Alper , GÜLSEREN Varol , KOCAER Mustafa , TANER Cüneyt Eftal
Published: April 2020

Aim:
Pelvic organ
prolapse, the hernniation of the pelvic organs or beyond the vaginal walls.
Vitamin D deficiency appears to be cause for pelvic muscle weakness. The
aim of this study is to investigate the lack of vitamin D in patients with
uterine prolapse.Methods:
The records of patients were
evaluated retrospectively in peri- and postmenopausal age group who were
diagnosed with ICS stage 3-4 uterine prolapse based on vaginal examination and
operated between February 2015-2016 in Izmir Tepecik Education and Research
Hospital Gyneology and Obstetrics clinic. The
files of 40 patients with ICS stage 0 in the peri- and postmenopausal period,
whose 25 (OH) vitamin D were measured at the same time with the patient group
and who underwent surgery due to any gynecologic indication, were evaluated as
control group. Women were excluded if they had any medical conditions known to
impair absorption or metabolism of vitamin D, or to be a major cause of fecal
incontinence including Stage ≥3 chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease,
gastric bypass, colovaginal fistula, and pelvic irradiation.Results:
40 patients’ and
40 control cases’ data who met the study criteria were recorded. The
patient group had a lower level of 25 (OH) vitamin D (9,5
± 14,0 ng/ml) than the control group (15,3 ± 20,3 ng/ml). Furthermore, 25 (OH)
vitamin D deficiency (25 [OH] vitamin D level <20 ng/mL) was found in 95,0%
of the patient group and 77,5% of the control group (p=0,024). A 25 (OH) vitamin D level of <20 ng/mL was found to be
the independent risk factor for uterine prolapse (OR=5,8, 95% CI=1,0 – 33,3).

Conclusion:
Vitamin
D deficiency may be a risk factor in the development of uterine prolapse.
MULTİPLE SKLEROZDA OPTİK KOHERENS TOMOGRAFİ İLE RETİNA SİNİR LİFİ TABAKASININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SONGUR Murat Serkan , HAMAMCI Mehmet , ASLAN BAYHAN Seray , BAYHAN Hasan Ali , İNAN Levent Ertuğrul
Published: April 2020

Amaç:
Multiple skleroz (MS) hastalarında spektral optik koherens tomografi (OKT) ile
retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT) 
kalınlığını  ölçmek ve bu
değerlerle hastaların genişletilmiş özürlülük durum ölçeğinin (EDSS) ilişkisini
değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu  ileri dönük çalışmada iki grup oluşturuldu.
Çalışmaya nöroloji kliniğinde Mc Donald kriterlerine göre multiple skleroz
tanısı konmuş ve takip edilen 30 hastanın 30 gözü  ve 33 sağlıklı kontrol grubunun 33 gözü dahil
edildi. Nöroloji kliniğinde multiple skleroz hastalarına genişletilmiş
özürlülük durum ölçeğinin testi yapıldı.  Tüm hastalara tam detaylı oftalmolojik muayene
yapıldıktan sonra spektral optik koherens tomografi ile temporal,nasal.inferior
ve superior kadranlarda retina sinir lifi tabakası kalınlıkları incelendi. Her
iki grupta da oküler patoloji saptanan ve oküler hastalık hikayesi olan hastalar
çalışma dışında bırakıldı.

Sonuçlar: Hasta
ve kontrol grubunun yaş ve cinsiyet dağılımı açısından birbirinden farkı
yoktu(p<0,005). İstatiksel olarak iki grup arasında dört kadranda da anlamlı
fark bulundu. Sırasıyla; hastaların temporal retina sinir lifi tabakası
kalınlığı ortalaması 77,93 ±7,71 mm, kontrol
grubunun  83,66 ±5,16 mm
(p=0.001); hastaların nasal retina sinir lifi tabakası kalınlığı ortalaması
76,76 ±6,43 mm,
kontrol grubunun  80,18 ±4,17mm
(p=0.014); hastaların superior retina sinir lifi tabakası kalınlığı ortalaması
120,26 ±11,84mm,
kontrol grubunun 126,90±10,33mm (p=0.021);  hastaların inferior retina sinir lifi
tabakası kalınlığı ortalaması 124,83 ±12,00 mm, kontrol
grubunun ise 133,12 ±12,77 mm (p=0.010) idi. multiple skleroz
hastalarına yapılan genişletilmiş özürlülük durum ölçeğinin testinin ortalaması
2,46±1.83 olarak bulundu. Genişletilmiş özürlülük durum ölçeğinin sonuçlarıyla
temporal (p<0.001,r= -0.724) ve nasal (p<0.001,r= -0.777) retina sinir
lifi tabakası kadranları arasında anlamlı ve yüksek düzeyde negatif korelasyon;
superior(p=0.001,r= -0.562) ve inferior(p=0.004,r= -0,515) retina sinir lifi
tabakası kadranları arasında anlamlı ve orta düzeyde negatif  korelasyon olduğunu tespit ettik.

Tartışma:
Multiple skleroz hastalarında  retina
sinir lifi tabakası kalınlığında azalma olmaktadır. Bu azalmada genişletilmiş
özürlülük durum ölçeğinin skoruyla korele şekilde  gerçekleşmektedir. Optik koherens tomografi
ile retina sinir lifi tabakası ölçümü, klinik olarak ortaya çıkmamış  nörodejenerasyonun tespitinde, tedavinin
izleminde ve takipte yardımcı  bir yöntem
olabilir.
Evaluation of YouTube Videos Related to Nipple Cracks
Authors: PALAS KARACA Pelin , KAYA Yeliz
Published: April 2020

Objective: The object of this research is to evaluate the
quality of information on Youtube videos related to nipple cracks.Material
and Method: Youtube was
searched and a research related to nipple cracks was performed in December
2018. Videos watched by 2 faculty members who had a PhD degree were evaluated
and grouped (Excellent, average, poor) for their sources, contents and
recommendations. For data analysis, Shapiro Wilk, Kruskal Wallis H test,
Pearson Exact Chi-Square test were used. Results: In the research, the first 50 videos on YouTube were
analyzed. 30 (60%) of these 50 videos were included in the study, whereas 20
(40%) were excluded from the study for various reasons. A statistically
significant difference (p=0.001) was determined when the relationship between
the video source and the grouping as the content was compared, and the source
of all the videos grouped as excellent was determined as the health personnel. A statistically significant difference (p=0.006) was
found when the relationship between the video sources and the recommendations
provided in the videos was compared, and it was determined that the combined
treatment was recommended only by the health personnel.

Conclusion:
Although the
videos in which the source is the health personnel are useful for the viewers,
there are also videos containing misleading information. Therefore, they are
not a reliable source of information for the viewers. Thus, it is recommended
for the healthcare personnel to guide people to choose videos related to nipple
cracks uploaded by the health personnel.
Çocukluk Çağı Akut Skrotum Olgularında Tanı ve Tedavinin Değerlendirilmesi: 5 Yıllık Deneyimimiz
Authors: İPEK Hülya , DOĞAN Gül
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Akut
skrotum önemli bir klinik durum olup, nedenleri arasında epididimit,
epididimo-orşit, spermatik kordonun torsiyonu ve testiküler uzantıların
torsiyonu sayılabilir. Görüntüleme yöntemleri ile akut skrotumun erken, doğru
tanı ve tedavisi çok önemlidir. Biz bu çalışmada; intraskrotal patolojilerin
nedenlerinden olan testis torsiyonu ve epididimo-orşit tanısı almış hastaları
geriye dönük olarak değerlendirmeyi ve renkli doppler ultrasonografi
etkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, akut skrotum tanısı almış, yaşları
10-17 arası olan ve izole skrotal ağrı ile başvuran 94 hasta dahil edildi.
Hastaların tüm tıbbi detayları, yaşı, ağrı başlangıcı, anemnezi ve renkli
doppler Ultrasonografi sonucu hastaya yapılan müdahaleler kayıt altına alınmış
olup, bu kayıtlar çalışma amacıyla kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Hastaların yaş aralığı 10 ay-17 yaş arasında olup
ortalama yaş 11.9 ± 4,4 yıl idi. Tüm hastalara renkli doppler USG görüntüleme
yöntemi uygulandı ve en önemli parametre olarak testis ve epididimin
kanlanmasında azalma kabul edildi. 48 hastada (%51,1) sağ tarafta, 46 hastada
ise sol tarafta (%48,9) ağrı mevcuttu. Olguların 40’ü (%42,6) testis torsiyonu,
54’ü (%57,4) ise Orşit tanısı aldı. Renkli doppler ultrasonografi ile torsiyon
vakalarında, anlamlı bir şekilde kanlanmada azalma+ekojenite artışı olduğu
belirlendi.

Sonuç: Akut skrotum çocuklarda acil müdahale gerektiren
bir klinik durumdur. Bununla birlikte, akut skrotuma neden olan birçok patoloji
mevcuttur. Akut skrotum vakalarında, ayırıcı tanının zamanında ve doğru olarak
yapılabilmesi, olası testis kaybını önleyebilir ve gereksiz cerrahi müdahaleyi
engelleyebilir. Bunun için günümüzde kullanım kolaylığı olan ve non-invaziv bir
metot olan renkli doppler USG tercih edilmelidir.