bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ebû Hayyân el-Endelüsî’nin Tefsir İlminin Sınırlarına Dair Görüşleri: el-Bahru’l-Muhît Adlı Tefsiri Çerçevesinde
Authors: Bozkurt Beyzanur , Karagöz Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Tefsir ilminin mahiyetine ve sınırlarına dair tartışmalar klasik dönemden günümüze kadar süregelmiştir. Bazı müfessirler ve tefsirle iştigal eden kimi âlimler tefsir ilminin sınırlarına dair görüş beyan etmiş ve değerlendirmede bulunmuşlardır. Tahkik dönemi âlimlerinden olan Ebû Hayyân el-Endelüsî (öl. 745/1344) de el-Bahru’l-muhît isimli eserinin hem mukaddimesinde hem de muhtevasında ortaya koyduğu görüş ve uygulamalarıyla tefsir ilmine belli bir sınır çizme çabası sergilemiştir. Ebû Hayyân ayrıca mukaddimenin sonlarına doğru tefsir ilmine yardımcı olan ilimler ve bunların hangi açılardan tefsire katkı sunacağı üzerinde durmuş; son kısmında ise tefsir ilminin tarifini yapmış ve tanımın unsurlarını açıklamıştır. Müellifin gerek tefsire yardımcı olan ilimleri sayarken gerekse yaptığı tanımın unsurlarını izah ederken söyledikleri de yine tefsir ilmine sınır çizme gayretinin bir işareti olarak düşünülebilir. Ebû Hayyân’ın bu çabalarının yanı sıra tefsir ilminin kapsamına girmeyen konuların detayına girmeleri nedeniyle zaman zaman müfessirleri eleştirmesi, tefsir ilminin sınırlarına riayet edilmesine önem verdiğini göstermektedir. Ebû Hayyân’ın dile getirdiği ilkelere genellikle riayet ettiği görülmekle birlikte, çizdiği çerçevenin dışına çıktığı durumlar da söz konusudur. Kısaca özetlediğimiz tespitlerden hareketle kaleme alınan bu makalede, Ebû Hayyân’ın el-Bahru’l-muhît adlı eseri bağlamında tefsir ilminin sınırlarına ilişkin yaklaşımı ele alınacaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamız, Ebû Hayyân’ın eserinde konuya dair açıklamalarını inceleyerek tefsir ilminin mahiyeti ve sınırlarına ilişkin literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, tefsir ilminin sınırlarına dair ilkelerine eser boyunca büyük oranda riayet ettiği, bazı durumlarda ise belli bir amaca binaen veya herhangi bir amaç gözetmeksizin belirlediği sınırların dışına çıktığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Kur’ân Okumayla İlgili Sözcüklerin İlk Muhatap Açısından Tahlili
Authors: Karataş Ali
Published: December 2023

Kur’ân’daki yakın anlamlı kelimeler aynı manaya gelecek şekilde Türkçeye tercüme edilmektedir. Ancak ayetlerdeki siyaka göre değerlendirildiğinde bu kelimelerin aynı manaya gelmediği görülmektedir. Bu sebeple bu tür sözcüklerin geçtiği âyetlerin muhatabı ve hangi konudan bahsettiği tespit edilmelidir. Türkçeye “Kur’ân okuma” olarak çevrilen telâ, derase, rattele ve karae fiilleri yakın anlamlıdır. Araştırmamızda bu sözcükleri seçmemizin sebebi bunların yaygın kullanımında Kur’ân’daki mananın dikkate alınmamasıdır. Kur’ân’ın, Mushaf haline getirilmesinden sonra tarihi süreçte bu kelimeler sabit bir metni okuma çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu kelimelerin anlamının âyete göre değiştiğinin tespit edilebilmesi için öncelikle âyetlerin tarihî bağlamı belirlenmeli ve dilsel kullanımları araştırılmalıdır. Ne var ki gerek vücûh kitaplarında gerekse tefsirlerde söz konusu kelimelerin kullanımları ve anlamları yeterince dikkate alınmamıştır. Bu durum Türkçe meallere de yansımış, ilgili lafızların anlam incelikleri ve muhatap değişkeni göz ardı edilmiştir. Belirlediğimiz çerçeveye bağlı olarak bu kelimeleri tefsir kaynaklarından araştırdık. Ulaştığımız verilerin vücûh edebiyatı eserlerindeki karşılığını inceledik. Bu edebiyatta zaman zaman muhatap bilgisi ve anlam inceliği dikkate alınmadığı için dakik bir mana verilmediğini tespit ettik.
Postmodern Dinsellikler
Authors: Tekin Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Postmodernliğe evrilen bir dünyanın içinde yaşamaktayız. Modernlikle iç içe olmakla birlikte postmodernliğin birçok tezahürleri bu dönemde izlenebilmektedir. Modernlik dine yönelik daha katı tutumlar takınmıştı. Bu durum bir yandan dinlerin varlıklarını modern söylem üzerinden sürdürebilecekleri, diğer yandan dinin kamusallıktan arındırılması gibi uygulamalarla geçen yüzyılda kendisi göstermişti. Her bakımdan eleştirilere maruz kalan modernliğin yara alan unsurları postmodern mentalite ile çözülmeye çalışılmaktadır. Postmodernlik eski totaliter tutumlara son vermekle birlikte, dini seküler biçimde algılamaya devam etmekte ve daha da ötede dinin kendi özgünlüğü ve tabiatını tahrip ederek yoluna devam etmektedir. Bu aslında dinin içini boşaltmak şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Bu makale, postmodern yaklaşımın nasıl bir dinsellik öngördüğünü örneklerle analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir. İtikat, ibadet ve gündelik hayatta postmodernliğin nasıl bir dinsellik formu oluşturduğu ele alınmaktadır. Modernitenin hâkim olduğu geçen yüzyıldaki dine daha sert yaklaşımlara göre dine yönelik tutum postmodern dönemde daha esnek hale gelmekle birlikte dinin eski otoritesini ve bütünlüğünü kaybettiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Tanrı-insan ilişkisi de değişmiş görünmektedir.
P5P2RA TINGKATKAN KESADARAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA MELALUI TEMA KEARIFAN LOKAL SERTA KEWARGANEGARAAN DAN KEBANGSAAN
Authors: Agusta Erna Sari
Published: December 2023

Minimnya pengetahuan siswa tentang keberagaman suku, budaya, dan agama menyebabkan rendahnya kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan diketahui kurang dari 50% siswa mengetahui suku, budaya, dan agama di Indonesia, 50% siswa tidak responsif terhadap keberadaan pemeluk agama lain di lingkungan tempat tinggalnya, hanya ada 2 dari 8 siswa yang memberikan pandangan positif terhadap keberagaman agama di Indonesia, dan seringnya terjadi kasus terkait dengan chauvinisme dan pelanggaran disiplin. Diperlukan inovasi pembelajaran melalui P5P2RA dengan tema Kearifan Lokal serta Kewarganegaraan dan Kebangsaan yang dapat membuat siswa terlibat dan belajar secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara pada siswa. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MTsN 28 Jakarta selama 7 pekan dari tanggal 5 Mei – 2 Juni 2023. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 7 yang berjumlah 192 siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan angket. Analisis data dilakukan pada keempat indikator kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perolehan hasil angket pada setiap indikator kesadaran berbangsa dan benegara mencapai lebih dari 75% pada setiap kelas. Begitu pun dengan data kasus terkait dengan chauvinisme dan pelanggaran disiplin mengalami penurunan hingga 50% dalam jangka waktu 3 bulan pasca pelaksanaan P5P2RA. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa P5P2RA dengan tema Kearifan Lokal serta Kewarganegaraan dan Kebangsaan dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran berbangsa dan bernegara pada diri siswa MTsN 28 Jakarta.
Prime Ministerial Term Limit: Adopted, Abused, and Abandoned
Authors: Tonsakulrungruang Khemthong
Published: December 2023

Since 2007, Thailand has introduced a prime ministerial term limit into its constitutional system. However, the purpose of this term limit appears not to prevent an elected tyranny but rather to obstruct enemies of the conservative establishment who have been entrenching their presence in Thailand’s volatile politics. The measure was put to the test when Prayuth Chan-ocha, the junta leader and one of Thailand’s longest serving prime ministers, hit the eight-years term limit. The Constitutional Court was willing to ignore the law and save him. This article traces the adoption of the prime ministerial term limit and highlights the constitutional court decision as a case study of an abusive constitutional borrowing.
Applications of pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya: An ethnobotanical perspective
Authors: Thakur Ankita , Kanwal Khilendra
Published: December 2023

Ferns exhibit wide distribution in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), with Himachal Pradesh providing optimal climatic conditions for diverse fern species. This study documents the ethnobotanical applications of 45 pteridophyte species, spanning 16 families and 21 genera in Himachal Pradesh. Pteridophytes hold economic importance due to their edibility, ornamental appeal, and medicinal properties. Local communities extensively employ Pteridophytes with medicinal attributes to address various health concerns, including boils, wounds, colds, coughs, gastrointestinal diseases, gonorrhea, typhoid, urinary problems, uterine disorders, and hair loss. Moreover, Pteridophytes exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling properties, where plant paste is directly applied to the skin for swelling reduction. The monsoon season sees substantial growth of ferns in moisture-rich soil. Apart from their utilitarian purposes, ferns contribute to aesthetic values and serve as outdoor and ornamental plants. Noteworthy ornamental ferns, such as Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris cretica, Pteris multifida, Polypodium polypodioides, and Lepisorus thunbergianus, are acknowledged for their potential to enhance air quality. Diplazium esculentum, an edible fern, stands out as a popular and nutritious cuisine in Himachal Pradesh. The article concludes with recommendations for the conservation and sustainable utilization of ethnobotanically significant Pteridophytes in Himachal Pradesh.
Methoden des visuomotorischen Trainings für Sportler/Leistungssportler
Authors: Müller Jennifer , Kolbe Oliver , Kunert Kathleen S. , Sickenberger Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Training methods to improve the performance of the visual system are repeatedly described in the popular media. This review article focuses on the scientific aspect of this subject, presenting and discussing studies and techniques for enhancing visual and visuomotor performance in high-performance athletes. Material and Methods. To conduct the literature review on visual performance enhancement, relevant scientific databas- es, specialized articles, and academic books from fields such as sports science, optometry, medicine, and partially technical disciplines were comprehensively searched. Keywords eye-hand coordination, visual performance enhancement, stroboscopic visual training, anticipation
Temperaturabhängige Vermessung weicher Kontaktlinsen
Authors: Schurig Sandra , Armster Lucas , Steingruber Eric , Marx Sebastian , Sickenberger Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The study objective was to measure the tempera- ture-dependent change in the refractive index, base curve, and back vertex power of soft contact lenses. Material and Methods. For each material group according to ISO 18369-1 a representative soft contact lens brand was selected according to ISO 18369-1 (polymacon, nelfilcon A, ocufilcon D, balafilcon A, somofilcon A, lotrafilcon B). The parameters were measured in vitro at 20 °C and 35 °C. First, the refractive index was determined using the automatic refractometer (VariRef C, Schmidt + Haensch), followed by the base curve measurement using the OCT (is830, Opti- mec) in conjunction with the temperature controller (TC20i, Opitmec). The back vertex power difference was determined using the precision lens meter (NIMO TR1504, Lambda-X SA). Results. The following values (refractive index 20 °C // re- fractive index 35 °C; base curve 20 °C // base curve 35 °C; Li back vertex power from 20 °C to 35 °C) were obtained for the hydrogels polymacon (1.4464 // 1.4430; 8.4706 // 8.4240; −0.077 D), nelfilcon A (1.3875 // 1.3870; 8.7854 // 8.5817; −0.022 D), ocufilcon D (1.4198 // 1.4171; 8.5622 // 8.4647; −0.076 D) and the silicone hydrogels balafilcon A (1.4197 // 1.4196; 8.7205 // 8.8287; −0.016 D), somofilcon A (1.4024 // 1.4004; 8.9100 // 8.6800; −0.076 D), lotrafilcon B (1.4246 // 1.4212; 8.6791 // 8.5801; −0.091 D). All materials except balafil- con A showed a statistically significant change (p < 0.05 paired samples), related to at least two of the measured parameters. Conclusion. The materials showed a reduction in refractive index and base curve with temperature increase. The back vertex power became more negative. The changes are within the tolerances specified in ISO 18369-2. Since no clinically relevant parameter changes were observed between the dif- ferent temperatures, it is acceptable to continue the current practice and measure lens parameters at room temperatures. Keywords Contact lenses, contact lens properties, measuring temperature
Visuelle Kompetenzen beim Sport – eine Übersicht
Authors: Hartwig Andreas
Published: December 2023

Zweck. Sports Vision ist ein Bereich, der die Beziehung zwi- schen visuellen Fähigkeiten und sportlicher Leistung trainiert. Das Gebiet konzentriert sich darauf, wie die Sehfähigkeiten des Athleten die Effizienz, Genauigkeit und Reaktionszeit beeinflussen und somit zu ihrem Wettbewerbsvorteil in ver- schiedenen Sportarten beitragen. Das visuelle System spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erfassung und Verarbeitung sensorischer Informationen während sportlicher Aktivitäten, wie beispielsweise dem Verfolgen beweglicher Objekte, der Beurteilung von Tiefe und Entfernung und dem konzentrierten Fokussieren auf wichtige Ziele.
Nesneye Yönelik Programlamada Sınıf Test Üretimi için Olay Temelli Bir Yaklaşım Önerisi
Authors: TUĞLULAR Tuğkan
Published: December 2023

Nesneye yönelik programlamada yaşam döngüsü bulunan nesneleri temsil eden sınıfların test edilmesi önemlidir. Sınıf testleri, metot testleri ile hata bulunmadığı aşamada çalıştırılması gereken testlerdir. Metot testleri bir metodun girdi ve çıktı bağlamında beklendiği gibi çalıştığını doğrularken, sınıf testleri bir sınıfın farklı metot çağrıları karşısında geçerli bir durumda kaldığını ve beklendiği gibi yanıt verdiğini teyit eder. Metotlarının doğru çalışması bir sınıfın doğru çalıştığını göstermeyeceği için sınıf testleri önemlidir. Bu çalışmada sınıf testleri için olay temelli bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Bu öneri içinde formel Olay Sıra Çizgesi (OSÇ) kullanılmıştır. OSÇ’ler, Sonlu Durum Makineleri (SDM) üzerinden üretilebilen yönlü çizgeler olup çizge teorisinin algoritmalarını SDM’lerden farklı olarak doğrudan kullanabilmektedir. Bu avantajına ek olarak kodlama tarafında yine bu çalışmada önerilen şablonların kullanılması durumunda OSÇ’ler ile sınıf metotların eşleşmesi doğrudan ve hızlıca sağlanabilmektedir. OSÇ’ler için otomatik test üreten bir aracın varlığı ise bu çalışmayı doğrudan kullanılabilir kılmaktadır. Önerilen yaklaşım karmaşık bir yaşam döngüsüne sahip klima kontrol ünitesi sınıfı üzerinde doğrulanmıştır.
Effect of Dalargin On Apoptosis of L929 Fibroblasts During Cold Stress
Authors: Moisieieva Nataliia , Gorina Olga , Akhatova Yuliia
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: The search for compounds that can prevent cold stress-attributed apoptosis is of immediate interest. In this regard, the use of neuropeptides, in particular synthetic leu-enkephalin, as protectors is promising, due to their ability to prevent the development of apoptosis
under some stresses. OBJECTIVE: To study apoptotic phenomena after cold stress and to evaluate the protective effect of dalargin on these processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on a L929 fibroblast line. The impact of cold stress and the protective effect of
dalargin on apoptosis against cold stress were evaluated using morphological parameters, distortion of cell membrane asymmetry and release of cytochrome C into the cell cytoplasm. To assess the proliferative potential of fibroblasts, mechanical damage to the monolayer was modeled as a scratch
wound. RESULTS: The study showed that cold stress induced apoptosis in L929 fibroblasts and reduced proliferation in the fibroblast monolayers. Conspicuous apoptotic changes were found to develop only after a certain time after cold exposure, when the cells were returned to normothermia.
Dalargin was demonstrated to exert a protective effect on proliferation and against apoptosis during cold stress. Using the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, we revealed that the protective mechanism of dalargin appeared to be due to activation of δ -opioid receptors of L929 fibroblasts,
which affected the development of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: In addition to their fundamental value, these findings are of practical importance since neuropeptides, in particular dalargin, added to perfusion solutions and media for hypothermic preservation of organs and cells, can improve
their efficiency.
IGF-1 Stabilizes Goat Sperm Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential and Reduces DNA Fragmentation
Authors: Ranjan Ravi , Sharma Kaustubh , Kumar Manish , Swain Dilip Kumar , Singh Shiva Pratap , Kharche Suresh Dinkar , Singh Manoj Kumar , Chauhan Manmohan Singh
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant present in sperm cells protects them from oxidative damage. However, sperm are more susceptible to peroxidative damages due to the loss of these enzymes during cryopreservation and their survival and fertility may be compromised. Insulin like growth factor-1
(IGF-1) has an antioxidant effect and could maintain sperm motility. OBJECTIVE: To improve seminal parameters, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), oxidative status and DNA integrity of buck semen after freeze-thawing by fortification of goat semen diluent with various concentrations
of IGF-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty ejaculates were collected and were extended with tris- citric acid- fructose diluent with 10% egg yolk and 6% glycerol with sperm concentrations of 1×108 mL– 1. Post-cryopreserved sperm were assessed for motility
and a range of other functional parameters. RESULTS: In post-thaw semen sperm motility, live sperm count, acrosome integrity, hypo-osmotic swelling positive spermatozoa, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCC), TUNEL positive sperm differed significantly (P<0.05) with
the various concentrations of IGF-1 used. Sperm functional parameters post-thawing were significantly (P<0.05) better in 250 ng/mL IGF-1. IGF-1 protects against lipid peroxidation by lowering MDA and PCC production, thus reducing the harmful effect of reactive oxygen species. The kidding
percentage using the artificial insemination technique was significantly higher (i.e., 40%) in the group supplemented with 250 ng/mL of IGF-1 than in the non-supplemented group (i.e., 30%). CONCLUSION: IGF-1 may be used to improve post-thaw semen quality and fertility as measured by
actual kidding rate.
Cryoconservation of In Vitro Grown Shoot Tips of Cicer Microphyllum: A Crop Wild Relative of Chickpea
Authors: Chander Subhash , Gowthami Ravi , Pandey Ruchira , Shankar Muthusamy , Agrawal Anuradha
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Cicer microphyllum Benth. is a crop wild relative (CWR) of chickpea (C. arietinum L.), that possess useful genes for cold and drought tolerance. The species is being conserved in the In Vitro Active Genebank for short- to medium – term conservation.
Cryopreservation would be a useful complementary approach for its long-term conservation. OBJECTIVE: The current work aimed to develop an efficient cryoconservation protocol for cryobanking of C. microphyllum shoot tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro shoot tips excised
from 4-month old shoot cultures grown on B5 + 0.5 mg L-1 KIN + 0.1 mg L -1 NAA + 10 mg L -1 AgNO 3medium were cryoconserved using a droplet-vitrification technique. Post-thaw regrowth was evaluated after: (i) preculture medium (B5 basal, B5 + 3,
4, 6 and 10% sucrose), (ii) preculture incubation temperature (25 ± 2, 10, 8 and 22/5°C), (iii) PVS2 duration (10, 20, 30. 40, 50 and 60 min) and (iv) regrowth medium (B5) supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 KIN + 0.1 NAA mg L-1 ; 0.5 mg L-1 KIN + 0.1 mg
L-1 NAA + 10 mg L-1 AgNO3; 0.2 mg L-1 BAP + 10 mg L-1 AgNO3 ; 0.2 mg L-1 BAP + 20 mg L-1 AgNO3 and 0.2 mg L-1 BAP + 30 mg L-1 AgNO3,. RESULTS: In vitro
shoot tips grown on B5 + 0.5 mg L-1 KIN + 0.1 mg L-1 NAA + 10 mg L-1 AgNO3, precultured on B5 + 6% sucrose at 10°C for 3 days, followed by PVS2 treatment for 20 min, unloading solution for 60 min and regrowth on B5 + 0.2 mg L-1 BAP
+ 20 mg L-1 AgNO3 resulted in highest survival (57%) and regrowth (40%) after cryoconservation. CONCLUSION: The standardized protocol was successfully used for cryobanking of in vitro shoot tips of C. microphyllum in the In Vitro Base Genebank of ICAR-NBPGR,
New Delhi.
Role of Oleic Acid and Trehalose on Frozen-Thawed Ram Semen
Authors: Soltani Leila
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: When sperm are cryopreserved, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed that are detrimental to the sperm. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of oleic acid and trehalose added to ram semen extender on sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels of spermatozoa following the freeze/thawing processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ejaculates were collected from four rams and pooled at 35°C. Pooled ejaculates were diluted with oleic acid at 0 mM and trehalose at 0 mM (O0 T0) as the control. The Tris-based
extender was supplemented with either 0.5 (O0.5) or 1 (O1) mM of oleic acid or 25 (T25) or 50 (T50) mM of trehalose alone, and in combination [0.5 mM oleic acid + 25 mM trehalose (O0.5T25), 0.5 mM oleic acid + 50 mM trehalose (O0.5T50), 1 mM oleic acid + 25 mM trehalose (O1T25) and 1 mM oleic
acid + 50 mM trehalose (O1T50)]. The semen was frozen by the traditional liquid nitrogen vapour method and stored at –196°C in the liquid nitrogen tank. RESULTS:Semen extender containing O1T25 significantly improved the total motility, when compared with other treatment groups
(P < 0.05), except for O1T50. O1T50 had a higher viability rate than any other treatment. The addition of O1T25 and O1T50 increased DNA and membrane integrity of spermatozoa post-thawing compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The level of MDA was significantly (P<0.05) lower in extenders
supplemented with O1, O0.5T25, O0.5T50, O1T25 and O1T50 compared to the other treatment groups. In addition, SOD levels were higher in groups treated with O1T25 and O1T50 than the other treatment groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of a combination of oleic acid and trehalose
concentrations to Tris-based extender improved the quality of ram semen post-thawing.
متطلبات الحكومة الالكترونية في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في العراق
Authors: تقى محمد صالح  , مواهب حميد نعمان
Published: December 2023

دخلت الحكومة الالكترونية في الآونة الاخيرة مجال الاعمال وبشكل كبير وواسع حيث اصبحت من الحتميات الضروري وجودها داخل اي مؤسسة كونها العامود الفقري لها لما توفره من تجانس بين عمل وحداتها مستخدمة بذلك تكنولوجيا المعلومات والنظم والاجهزة الحديثة، وهذا يفسر اهمية الحكومة الالكترونية التي هي من اساسيات نجاح اي عمل لأنها تقلل اعباء ذلك العمل وتسهل ادارياته وتختصر الكثير من الوقت والجهد والتكلفة، لذلك هدف البحث الى بناء مقياس تطبيق الحكومة الالكترونية  ومعرفة واقع تطبيق  الحكومة الإلكترونية في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة العراقية وتركزت مشكلة البحث في طرح التساؤل التالي ما هي متطلبات تطبيق الحكومة الالكترونية في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة، واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بالأسلوب المسحي لان هذا الاسلوب يسعى الى جمع البيانات لتحديد ظاهرة لمتغير ما ويعمد الى تحليلها وتفسيرها، وبتحديد مجتمع البحث بأعضاء الهيئات التدريسية في كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة في الجامعات العراقية والبالغ عددهم (1159) تدريسي تقريبا، وشملت عينة البناء (230) تدريسي وعينة التطبيق (310) تدريسي اما العينة الاستطلاعية فكانت (60) تدريسي  واستخدمت الباحثتان الاسس العلمية في بناء المقياس التوصل الى بناء مقياس الحكومة الالكترونية  المبني على الاسس العلمية، وبعد ذلك تحليل النتائج احصائيا وتفسيرها، واستنتجت الباحثتان ان المجال الرياضي معرض للتغيرات البيئية المحيطة لذلك يحتاج الى العمل بتقنيات متطورة وحديثة لتسهيل العمل، وحرص الكليات ورغبتها على تطبيق الحكومة الالكترونية والعمل بها لتحسين اداءها الاستراتيجي، وهذا ما يحقق احد اهداف التنمية المستدامة للامم المتحدة في العراق (التعليم الجيد). واوصت الباحثتان بالعمل على اقامة دورات تدريبية وندوات تثقيفية حول مفهوم الحكومة الالكترونية واهميتها وكيفية التعامل بتكنولوجيا المعلومات والحواسيب الالية والابتعاد عن الطرق التقليدية في ادارة العمل للحاق بعربة التطور
Perception of Quality of Life among Fifth Grade Preparatory School Students in Baghdad
Authors: Reem Faisal Rajab  , Sahira Razzaq Kadhim  , Ali Salam Al-Yaaribi
Published: December 2023

The research aims to study the quality of life among preparatory school students in Baghdad, particularly in the context of current social circumstances, encompassing both male and female students. The study utilizes a quality-of-life scale developed by Noor Latif Abdul Zahra, comprising 54 items distributed across ten dimensions. These dimensions include physical health, mental skills, psychological well-being, resilience, optimism and satisfaction, self-independence and self-efficacy, job satisfaction, social support, social status, and moral values. The research problem revolved around the question: "Is there a sense of quality of life among fifth-grade preparatory school students (both males and females)?" The researchers established the scientific foundations of the scale and, after validating its reliability, distributed it to 40 preparatory school students (both males and females) in Baghdad. After statistically analyzing the data, the researchers found that preparatory school students (males and females) indeed perceive a high quality of life. Furthermore, female students outperformed their male counterparts in all dimensions and the overall quality of life score, and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education). Based on their findings, the researchers recommend the utilization of the quality-of-life scale and suggest generalizing the results of the current study to other age groups of students. They also emphasize the need to consider the psychological issues faced by students and to develop adequate and effective strategies for addressing these issues within educational programs.
تــأثــيــر تــمريـنـات تـأهـيـلـيـة فــي تـحـسـيـن الـقـوة الـعـضـلـيـة للمصابين بالتمزق الجزئي في العضلة الفخذية الخلفية للاعبي أندية كربلاء بكرة القدم
Authors: سبأ باسم محمد  , سهاد حسيب عبد الحميد  , ابراهيم دبايبه
Published: December 2023

يعد التأهيل الرياضي العامل المهم في اعادة تأهيل كل من الوظيفة والاداء الحركي والشكل الطبيعي بعد الاصابة , وهو مساعدة المصاب لاستعادة القدرة الوظيفية في اقل وقت ممكن ولأعلى مستوى وظيفي وحماية العضو المصاب من تكرار الاصابة وتكمن اهمية البحث في كون هذه التمرينات لها التأثير الايجابي في استعادة الوظائف للعضو من تحسين للقوة العضلية وتخفيف درجة الالم , اذ ان اصابة التمزق الجزئي تحدث عند اغلب الرياضيين لكونهم اكثر عرضة للاحتكاك ووجد الباحثون وفي اثناء الجولة الميدانية في مراكز العلاج الطبيعي ان المصابين هناك يخضعون لطرق علاج لا تخدم المصابين والتمرينات المستخدمة متكررة وتقليدية  لذا اعد الباحثون تمرينات تأهيلية لتأهيل المصابين بالتمزق الجزئي  في العضلة الخلفية الفخذية والتعرف على تأثير التمرينات التأهيلية في تحسين القوة العضلية  وتخفيف درجة الالم للاعبين المصابين واستخدم الباحثون التصميم التجريبي ذو المجموعة الواحدة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي , وتم اختيار العينة الملائمة وطبيعة المشكلة من حيث الاهداف والفروض اذ تم اختيار عينة من اللاعبين المصابين بالتمزق الجزئي  واعد الباحثون تمرينات تأهيلية تم عرضها على الخبراء والمختصين في مجال الطب الرياضي وتم اجراء الاختبار القبلي من بعدها تطبيق التمرينات التأهيلية تحقيقاً للهدف المطلوب, وكانت عدد الوحدات (3) وحدات تأهيلية في اسبوعيا في ايام(أحد, ثلاثاء, خميس) ولمدة(6) اسابيع ومن ثم اجراء الاختبار البعدي اذ استنتج الباحثون ان التمرينات التأهيلية المعدة من قبل الباحثون ذات تأثير ايجابي  في تحسين القوة العضلية وتخفيف درجة الالم لدى افراد عينة البحث, وهذا ما يحقق احد اهداف التنمية المستدامة للامم المتحدة في العراق (الصحة الجيدة). واوصى الباحثون بـإجراء بحوث مشابهه على اصابات اخرى وعينات اخرى واعتماد التمرينات التأهيلية في مراكز العلاج.
علاقة بعض القدرات البدنية بمستوى الاداء الفني للاعبي الوثب الطويل للمعاقين فئة 36CP
Authors: فاطمة محمد حسين  , انتظار جمعة مبارك
Published: December 2023

تضمن البحث على مقدمة بالبحث واهميته وكذلك تضمن مشكلة البحث التي تنص على(من خلال متابعة الباحثتان لمستوى  الاداء الفني للاعبي الوثب الطويل للمعاقين فئة 36CP وجد انهم لم يحققوا نتائج جيده في البطولات الماضية ومن خلال ذلك شعر بوجود مشكلة تدريبية لدى الوثب الطويل واراد ان يشخص الضعف الذي ادى الى ان يكون مستوى الاداء ليس بالمستوى المطلوب , لذا لجات الباحثتان الى حل المشكلة بأجراء بعض الاختبارات لعناصر اللياقة البدنية ( السرعة القصوى , القوة العضلية للرجلين , القوة العضلية لعضلات البطن ) ومن هذا تروم الباحثتان الخوض في هذه التجربة للوقوف على حقيقة العناصر البدنية التي  له علاقة بمستوى الاداء الفني للاعبي الوثب الطويل , وكذلك للمساهمة في دعم وتعزيز العملية التدريبية في المحافظة والبلد من خلال البحث ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على العلاقة بين السرعة القصوى  والقوة العضلية للرجلين والبطن ومستوى الاداء الفني في فعالية  الوثب الطويل لعينة البحث . كما تمثلت فروض التعرف على العلاقة بين القوة العضلية لعضلات الرجلين والبطن ومستوى الاداء الفني لفعالية الوثب الطويل لعينة البحث و هناك علاقة ارتباط معنوية بين السرعة القصوى ومستوى الاداء الفني لفعالية الوثب الطويل لعينة البحث .  كما تمثلت مجالات البحث  لاعبو الوثب الطويل العدد ( 5) للمعاقين فئة 36CP  للفترة من 4/2/2023 الى 8/4/2023  في ملعب العاب القوى / كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة / جامعة بغداد . قامت الباحثتان باختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العمدية وقد تمثلت بلاعبي الوثب الطويل للمعاقين فئة CP و البالغ عددهم  (5) لاعبين يمثلون بنسبة  (85%) من المجتمع الاصلي، حيث اجريت عليهم الاختبارات قيد الدراسة وكان الهدف من التجربة الاستطلاعية مدى تفهم اللاعبين لمفردات الاختبارات ومعرفة الوقت المستغرق في تنفيذ الاختبارات والتعرف على الصعوبات التي تواجه الباحثتان وفريق العمل عند اجراء الاختبار، قامت الباحثتان بأجراء التجربة الرئيسية يوم السبت 13/ 2/ 2023 في تمام الساعة الثالثة عصرا على عينة البحث والبالغ عددهم  (5) لاعبين في ملعب العاب القوى / كلية التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة / جامعة بغداد ، استخدم الباحثتان الحقيبة الاحصائية SPSS  لتحليل بياناته والحصول على النتائج . واستنتجت الباحثتان  نتائج إيجابية  في دراسة بعض القدرات البدنية ( السرعة القصوى والقوة العضلية للرجلين والبطن ) التي استخدمت في البحث  و ظهرت ان هناك علاقة ارتباطية بين السرعة القصوى والاداء الفني لدى لاعبي مسابقة الوثب الطويل للمعاقين فئة 36CP    واستنتجت الباحثتان ان علاقة القوة العضلية لعضلات البطن والرجلين له تأثير بمستوى الاداء الفني للاعبي الوثب الطويل للمعاقين فئة للمعاقين فئةCP36  ، وهذا ما يحقق احد اهداف التنمية المستدامة للامم المتحدة في العراق (الصحة الجيدة). حيث توصي الباحثتان بتوسيع الدراسات العلمية ووضع الاختبارات المختلفة لقياس مختلف الصفات  البدنية. والاهتمام بدراسة متغيرات جديدة مؤثرة  على مستوى الاداء الفني للاعبي الوثب الطويل واجراء دراسات لمعرفة علاقة بعض القدرات البدنية في مختلف الفعاليات الاخرى
Study on the Unexpected Loss Measurement of Environmental Pollution from Energy Consumption Waste Emissions in Industrial Parks Based on Extreme Value VaR Model
Authors: Tao Sun  , Peishi Shi  , Yu Zhao  , Xiuyan Han
Published: December 2023

The waste emission of energy consumption in industrial parks causes huge expected environmental pollution loss but also causes serious environmental pollution losses in the form of accidents. To explore the measurement method of the environmental pollution losses of waste emissions from energy consumption in industrial parks and the effective way of its application, based on the literature review and theoretical analysis, extreme value theory and VaR theory was introduced to construct the extreme value VaR model for the measurement of environmental pollution losses of wastes emission from energy consumption in industrial parks. The maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the parameters of the measurement model. Then, the application test was carried out with the case data of waste emission from energy consumption in Nanjing MV industrial park, which verifies the effectiveness of the research method and its application.
Exploring the Potency of Medicinal Plants in Central Nepal's Highlands: A Comprehensive Analysis of Antioxidant, Antibacterial Properties, and Toxicity
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal, Shrestha Tara , Prakash Pradhan Suman , Joshi Prayon , Bhandari Sunil , Lamichhane Janardan
Published: December 2023

The current research study aimed to assess the antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity effectiveness of eight locally accessible medicinal plants found in the Kavre District of Nepal: Schima wallichii, Woodfordia fruticosa, Cuscuta reflexa, Bombax ceiba, Drymaria diandra, Psidium guajava, Myrica esculenta, and Urtica dioica. Plant extracts were prepared in absolute methanol. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of basic classes of secondary plant metabolites; saponin, sterol, , tannin, quinone, alkaloids, terpenoids, reducing sugar, protein, cardiac glycoside and carbohydrate was carried out. Further, antimicrobial activities, free radical scavenging potential, and toxicity bioassays of the crude extracts were performed. The basic secondary metabolites were detected in all plant extracts. Among the studied plants, W. fructicosa, S. wallichi, M. esculenta, and P. guajava showed noteworthy antimicrobial activities against inspected pathogens. A significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was found in P. guajava, M. esculenta, B. ceiba, W. fructicosa, and U. dioca. Likewise, the highest toxicity potential was observed in C. reflexa followed by U. dioca, B. ceiba, and S. wallichi against Artemia salina. These signifies the potential of plant extracts in herbal medicine. Further work on screening of other biochemical properties will enhance the potential of these plant extracts in modern phytotherapy.
Assessment of antibiotic resistant profile of coliform and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk from Kathmandu valley
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal, Bohora Soniya , Chaulagai Suraj ,   Department of Microbiology, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal, Thapa Suchitra ,   Department of Microbiology, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Thamel, Nepal
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among milk pathogens is increasing, which is a serious threat to consumers’ health. Therefore, this study aims to assess the current antibiotic profile of coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. in milk samples. For this, thirty milk samples were collected from various locations in Kathmandu district. Isolation and enumeration were done on selective media using streak-plate and pour-plate techniques, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 48 bacteria were isolated, of which 31 were coliform and 17 Staphylococcus spp. Among the coliforms, Klebsiella spp. (n=17, 54.84%) was the most predominant in both raw (n=12, 70.6%) and pasteurized milk (n=5, 29.4%), followed by E. coli and Citrobacter spp. While for Staphylococcus spp., 15 (88.24%) were S. aureus and 2 (11.76%) were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS). S. aureus was dominant in raw milk (n=13) rather than pasteurized milk (n=2). The AST of coliforms showed higher resistance towards ampicillin (96.75%), followed by cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin, co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, and amikacin in descending order. In the case of S. aureus, higher resistance was observed for penicillin G (100.00%), followed by cefoxitin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin. Further, 12 (70.53%) S. aureus were confirmed as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). And a total of 10 (32.25%) coliforms and 9 (52.95%) S. aureus were identified as multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains. Thus, it can be concluded that antibiotic resistance among milk isolates of the coliform and Staphylococcus spp. is highly prevalent, and these can be a potential source of incurable milk-borne infections. Thus, routine assessment of microbial quality as well as AMR surveillance should be done on milk isolates to ensure the safety of consumer’s health.
Postpartum Dönemde Uygulanan Farkındalık ve Merhamet Temelli Ebeveynlik Müdahaleleri: Derleme
Authors: Küçükkaya Burcu , Işık Hafsa Kübra
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Postpartum dönem, ebeveynler ile bebekleri arasında gelişen etkileşimlerin kalitesini etkileyebilecek müdahaleleri kapsarken, bebek gelişimini yavaşlatabilecek, ebeveyn ruh sağlığıyla birlikte ebeveyn bebek bağlanmasını olumsuz etkileyebilecek çeşitli psikolojik ve duygusal güçlükleri de içermektedir. Farkındalık ve şefkat temelli ebeveynlik müdahaleler, birbiriyle uyum içinde etkileşime destek olan ebeveynlik becerileri geliştirmelerine ve bu hassas dönemde bebeğin doğumuyla başlayan ebeveynlik rolüne daha iyi uyum sağlamalarına yardımcı olmakta ve ebeveynlerin sosyal, fiziksel ve ruhsal durumları üzerinde pozitif etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu müdahaleler kapsamında postpartum dönemde dahil olmak üzere erken ebeveynlik sürecinde anne-baba-bebek ilişkilerini ebeveynlik becerilerini ve kalitesini olumlu yönde geliştirmek için faydalı görünen farklı terapötik teknikleri kullanılmaktadır.
Yöntem: Derleme türündeki bu makalede Türkçe ve İngilizce “postpartum”, “farkındalık temelli ebeveynlik” ve “merhamet temelli ebeveynlik” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct ve Ulakbim veri tabanları taranmıştır. Mart 2013 - Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında ulusal ve uluslararası dergilerde yayınlanmış çalışmalar değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Literatür incelemesi sonucunda, farkındalık ve merhamet temelli ebeveynlik müdahaleleri; ebeveynlerin, ebeveynlik sürecinde düşüncelerini ve duygularını daha iyi aktarmalarına, aktarımların düzenlemelerine, yeni edindikleri ebeveynlik rol ve sorumluluklarını yerine getirmelerine imkân veren, bu rol sorumlulukları geliştirilebilen ve bebekle güvenli bağlanma kurulmasına katkı sağlayan koruyucu beceriler olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Sonuç: Farkındalık ve şefkat temelli ebeveynlik müdahaleleri, sağlıklı ve güvenli ebeveynlik becerilerini pozitif yönde etkilemekte postpartum dönemde ebeveyn-bebek bağlanmasının yanı sıra ebeveyn bebek ilişkilerinin kalitesini artırabilmektedir.
Yoğun Bakım Hastası İçin Erken Mobilizasyonun Önemi
Authors: Kaplan Ebubekir , Aktaş Özakgül Aylin , Sir Özkan
Published: December 2023

Erken mobilizasyon, yoğun bakım ünitesine kabul edilen hastaların rehabilitasyonunu iyileştirmek için güvenli ve etkili bir tedavi stratejisi olarak kabul edilir ve kritik hastalar için kanıtlanmış faydalar sağlamaktadır. Erken dönemde hastaların mobilizasyonu gelişebilecek fiziksel ve psikososyal sorunların önlenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Hemşireler hastalar için olağan faaliyetlerini yürütürken erken mobilizasyon uygulamasını yoğun bakım ünitesine kolaylıkla entegre edebilirler. Hemşireler erken mobilizasyon uygulamasını sağlayabildiklerinde hastaların iyileşmesinde önemli gelişmeler sağlanmış olacak ve sonuç olarak hastaların önceki fiziksel yeteneklerini kazanmalarına yardımcı olunacaktır. Çeşitli klinik araştırmalar, erken mobilizasyonun kas ve el kavrama gücünü artırabildiğini ve yoğun bakım ünitesiyle ilişkili güçsüzlük ve deliryum insidansını azaltabildiğini, böylece bağımsız yaşam yeteneğini geliştirebildiğini ve yoğun bakım ünitesinde kalış ve hastanede kalış sürelerini kısaltabildiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, mobilizasyon protokollerinin eksikliği ve buna bağlı güvenlik kaygıları, kritik hastalarda erken mobilizasyonun uygulanmasının önünde bir engeldir. Bu nedenle, erken mobilizasyonun uygulanmasına yönelik uygun yöntemlerin belirlenmesi, bu hastalardaki potansiyelinin artırılması açısından önemli bir zorunluluktur. Tüm yoğun bakım çalışanına erken mobilizasyon protokolünün kullanımına ilişkin eğitim verilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede, erken mobilizasyonun tanımı, önemi ve erken mobilizasyonda hemşirenin rolüne yer verilmiştir.
Risk Factor Analysis and PM2.5 Concentration on Community Lung Capacities Around the Konawe Industrial Area
Authors: Asterina Devi Cessaria , Jayadipraja Erwin Azizi , Nirwan Muhammad
Published: December 2023

Backgrounds: Communities residing in industrial areas are the group most at risk of PM10 exposure. The Nickel Processing Industrial Area in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province is one of the largest in Indonesia. Communities living in the Industrial Area include Morosi District, Motui District, and Kapoiala District.

Methods: The type of research used is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The target population in this study is 2,420 people divided into 6 villages. The research sample was 343 people. Data analysis used the chi-square test.

Results: The results of the analysis of the relationship to lung capacity obtained a history of respiratory disease with a p-value (0.000) < 0.05, the presence of smokers at home with a p-value (0.003) < 0.05, physical activity with a p-value (0.008) < 0.05, and PM2.5 concentration with p-value (0.397) > 0.05.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the history of disease, the presence of smokers in the house, and physical activity with the lung capacity of the community and there is no relationship between PM2.5 concentration with community lung capacity around the Konawe Industrial Area.
Optimizing Vertical Transportation in Buildings: Strategies for Efficiency, Safety, and User Experience
Authors:   Architecture Department, BMS School of Architecture Yelahanka (Bengaluru), Johnson Binny
Published: December 2023

The design and planning of vertical transportation systems within buildings are critical components that profoundly impact the overall functionality, safety, and user experience. As urban landscapes evolve, with the construction of taller and more complex structures, the demand for efficient vertical mobility solutions becomes increasingly imperative. This abstract delves into key strategies for optimizing vertical transportation within buildings, encompassing considerations such as traffic analysis, smart systems, energy efficiency, and user experience. Key Words: vertical transportation, lifts, escalator, Round trip time, Waiting time, Rated speed.
A STUDY TO KNOW THE RISK OF AI IN HRM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS
Authors:   Universal Business School, Karjat, Raigad,  Maharashtra, 410201., Alam Dr. Ansari Sarwar
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence is the study of how to create machines with the ability to think for themselves. It was believed that only human intelligence and social experience could deliver the results that machines are now increasingly capable of producing. The purpose of this research is to examine how artificial intelligence (AI) has been included into the recruitment procedures used by human resources management (HRM). Academic papers, magazine articles, and highly regarded websites with linked fields were all examined as part of a systematic review. The results of this study should help people in general to grasp how AI is affecting the hiring process in HRM. It was impossible to follow and discuss every aspect of the subject. Yet, given that it includes a sizable number of publications that are pertinent to the primary subject area, the research approach employed appears to be appropriate and acceptable. The facts and results almost made it obvious that adopting AI is advantageous in the recruitment sector as technology can best help this sector. Moreover, time, effort, and tedious daily duties are being digitised, freeing up human attention for more crucial issues related to improving performance and development. It would be possible for systems to function similarly to the human brain in terms of data analysis and the capacity to build an effective systematic engagement to process the data in a fair, efficient, and quick manner if they acquired automation, cognitive insights, and cognitive engagement during the recruitment process. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Recruitment
FinFET Technology: Modeling and RF Characterization for 5nm Node Technology: A Review
Authors:   Dept. of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, Sriram N Sai , Suman Dr. J.V. ,   Dept. of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam
Published: December 2023

The study offers new methods for understanding and simulating the radiofrequency, analog, and thermal characteristics of the FinFET at the 5nm CMOS technology node. The results of the thermal assessment show that changes in temperature have an effect on the threshold voltage and sub-threshold slope (SS). The maximum oscillation frequency and cut-off frequency of an n-FinFET RF device with a single gate contact are revealed by the RF investigation. Additionally, the study provides information about the device-level temperature sensitivity of the analog and RF Figures of Merit (FoMs) for the 5nm technology. The industry-standard BSIM-CMG model is adjusted to include the effects of self-heating (SH) and parasites in order to improve model accuracy. The updated BSIM-CMG model increases accuracy by taking self-heating and parasite effects into account. Effective heat pathways for lowering junction temperature are found by employing vias on silicon and stacks of conductive materials made of metal. It should be remembered, though, that using these heat pathways could raise parasitic capacitance and negatively impact the circuit's functionality. Keywords: RF Characterization, Thermal Impact, Self-Heating, Figure of Merit, FinFET, Analog Characteristics.
Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulceration: A Review of Current Practices and Future Directions
Authors:   Associate professor, T John Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, R Suma
Published: December 2023

Diabetes is a prevalent chronic health condition impacting millions globally. One of the most critical complications of managing diabetes is the development of diabetic foot ulceration, which if not detected early, can lead to severe consequences such as amputation. This review paper provides an extensive analysis of current practices in early detection of diabetic foot ulceration, ranging from clinical examinations to imaging techniques, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The review also explores emerging technologies, with a particular focus on the integration of machine learning methodologies, showcasing their potential to revolutionize the field. By synthesizing the existing literature, the review presents a dynamic landscape of advancements, demonstrating how artificial intelligence can enhance the accuracy and timeliness of early detection. Additionally, the review delves into the challenges and gaps in current approaches, paving the way for future discussions on potential directions. By providing a comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-the-art in early detection, this review aims to inspire medical professionals to adopt innovative technologies and practices, leading to improved outcomes in diabetic foot care. Key Words: Diabetic foot ulceration, Convolutional Neural Network, Machine Learning, Amputation, Prediction.