bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of lipegfilgrastim versus pegfilgrastim in elderly patients with aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL): results of the randomized, open-label, non-inferiority AVOID neutropenia study
Authors: Link Hartmut , Illerhaus G. , Martens U. M. , Salar A. , Depenbusch R. , Köhler A. , Engelhardt M. , Mahlmann S. , Zaiss M. , Lammerich A. , Bias P. , Buchner A.
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background

Lipegfilgrastim has been shown to be non-inferior to pegfilgrastim for reduction of the duration of severe neutropenia (DSN) in breast cancer patients. This open-label, non-inferiority study assessed the efficacy and safety of lipegfilgrastim versus pegfilgrastim in elderly patients with aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) at high risk for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Patient and methods

One hundred and one patients (median age, 75 years) were randomized to lipegfilgrastim or pegfilgrastim (6 mg/cycle) during six cycles of R-CHOP21.

Results

Lipegfilgrastim was non-inferior to pegfilgrastim for the primary efficacy endpoint, reduction of DSN in cycle 1. In the per-protocol population, mean (standard deviation) DSN was 0.8 (0.92) and 0.9 (1.11) days in the two groups, respectively; the adjusted mean difference between groups was − 0.3 days (95% confidence interval, − 0.70 to 0.19). Non-inferiority was also demonstrated in the intent-to-treat population. The incidence of severe neutropenia in cycle 1 was 51% (21/41) in the lipegfilgrastim group and 52% (23/44) in the pegfilgrastim group. Very severe neutropenia (ANC < 0.1 × 109/L) in cycle 1 was reported by 5 (12%) patients in the lipegfilgrastim group and 8 (18%) patients in the pegfilgrastim group. However, over all cycles, febrile neutropenia (strict definition) was reported by only 1 (2%) patient in each treatment group (during cycle 1 in the lipegfilgrastim group and cycle 6 in the pegfilgrastim group). The mean time to absolute neutrophil count recovery (defined as ≥ 2.0 × 109/L) was 8.3 and 9.4 days in the two groups, respectively. Serious adverse events occurred in 46% of patients in each group; none were considered treatment-related. Eight patients died during the study (2 in the lipegfilgrastim group, 5 in the pegfilgrastim group, and 1 who died before starting study treatment). No deaths occurred during the treatment period, and all were considered to be related to the underlying disease.

Conclusions

This study shows lipegfilgrastim to be non-inferior to pegfilgrastim for the reduction of DSN in elderly patients with aggressive B cell NHL receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, with a comparable safety profile.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02044276; EudraCT number 2013-001284-23
Existence results for double phase implicit obstacle problems involving multivalued operators
Authors: Zeng Shengda , Bai Yunru , Gasiński Leszek , Winkert Patrick
Published: September 2020

In this paper we study implicit obstacle problems driven by a nonhomogenous differential operator, called double phase operator, and a multivalued term which is described by Clarke’s generalized gradient. Based on a surjectivity theorem for multivalued mappings, Kluge’s fixed point principle and tools from nonsmooth analysis, we prove the existence of at least one solution.
Bacterial strains colonizing the sensor electrodes of a continuous glucose monitoring system in children with diabetes
Authors: Seget Sebastian , Rusak Ewa , Partyka Mirosław , Samulska Ewa , Pyziak-Skupień Aleksandra , Kamińska Halla , Skała-Zamorowska Eliza , Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława
Published: September 2020

Introduction

The higher frequency of infections in diabetic patients is caused by a hyperglycemic environment, which promotes immune dysfunction. People with diabetes are more prone to skin infections.

A continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system provides information on changes in blood glucose (BG) levels throughout the day. Its use facilitates optimal therapeutic decisions for a diabetic patient. One of the factors limiting the use of CGM is inflammation at the insertion site.

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was the microbiological identification of the bacterial strains which are found on CGM sensor electrodes.

Material and methods

We performed microbiological tests on patients′ CGM Enlite Medtronic electrodes, which were removed after 6 days of usage according to the manufacturer′s instructions. 31 sensors were examined from 31 children (14 girls) aged from 0.5 to 14.6 years. The microbiological analysis was routinely performed at the Department of Children’s Diabetology Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.

Results

12 (39%) of the electrodes were colonized. In 11 (92%) cases the electrodes were colonized by one bacteria strain. 7 times methicillin-sensitive coagulase negative staphylococcus (MSCNS) was detected. We also found one case of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ochrobactrum tritici, Bacillus sonorensis and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) colonization. One electrode was colonized by the mixed flora Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MSCNS), Pseudomonas stutzeri, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The median HbA1c in the group with colonization of electrodes was 6, 85% (6, 3–7, 6%) versus 6, 3% (5, 8–7, 5%) in the group without colonization. The median BMI in the group with colonization of the electrodes was 17.10 kg/m2 (16.28–18.62 kg/m2) versus 15.98 kg/m2 (15.14–17.96 kg/m2) in the group without colonization. Statistically, significantly more frequently electrodes are colonized in older children (median age in the group with colonization of electrodes 11.43 years (6.52–12.27 years), without colonization 8.42 years. (3.098–9.375 years); (p = 0.033).

Conclusions

It seems that older children are more likely to have their sensor electrode colonized by bacterial strains.
Passive Wi-Fi monitoring in the wild: a long-term study across multiple location typologies
Authors: Ribeiro Miguel , Nunes Nuno , Nisi Valentina , Schöning Johannes
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of large-scale human mobility patterns obtained from a passive Wi-Fi tracking system, deployed across different location typologies. We have deployed a system to cover urban areas served by public transportation systems as well as very isolated and rural areas. Over 4 years, we collected 572 million data points from a total of 82 routers covering an area of 2.8 km2. In this paper we provide a systematic analysis of the data and discuss how our low-cost approach can be used to help communities and policymakers to make decisions to improve people’s mobility at high temporal and spatial resolution by inferring presence characteristics against several sources of ground truth. Also, we present an automatic classification technique that can identify location types based on collected data.
Correction to: Assessment of uncertainties in projecting future changes to extreme storm surge height depending on future SST and greenhouse gas concentration scenarios
Authors: Yang Jung-A , Kim Sooyoul , Son Sangyoung , Mori Nobuhito , Mase Hajime
Published: September 2020

The article Assessment of uncertainties in projecting future changes to extreme storm surge height depending on future SST and greenhouse gas concentration scenarios.
Robust Estimation of Wage Dispersion with Censored Data: An Application to Occupational Earnings Risk and Risk Attitudes
Authors: Pollmann Daniel , Dohmen Thomas , Palm Franz
Published: September 2020

We present a semiparametric method to estimate group-level dispersion, which is particularly effective in the presence of censored data. We apply this procedure to obtain measures of occupation-specific wage dispersion using top-coded administrative wage data from the German IAB Employment Sample. We then relate these robust measures of earnings risk to the risk attitudes of individuals working in these occupations. We find that willingness to take risk is positively correlated with the wage dispersion of an individual’s occupation.
Building Bridges Between Self-Regulation and Cognitive Load—an Invitation for a Broad and Differentiated Attempt
Authors: Seufert Tina
Published: September 2020

Building bridges between two of the most influential research fields in educational psychology, self-regulation and cognitive load theory, is highly relevant but also challenging. The collection of papers in this special issue reflects this interplay by reviewing the still scarce base of empirical data in an impressively elaborated and profound way. The papers offer different perspectives on how to improve learning by stimulating both activities for self-regulation as well as for reflecting the mental effort which can be used in return for monitoring and regulation. They provide arguments for the two sidedness of the relationship of self-regulation and cognitive load: that cognitive load can cause self-regulation and that self-regulation can cause cognitive load. The common understanding of self-regulation in this issue is very much focused on monitoring and could benefit from a broader view by including the whole cycle of self-regulation and moderating motivational factors like self-efficacy, as proposed in many self-regulation models. The conceptualization of effort, as it is referred to in most of the papers, could also profit from a more differentiated view, which takes into account the origin of required or invested mental effort. Overall, what learners actually decide to do when dealing with self-regulation as well as with cognitive load highly depends on their resources. In an integrative model, the role of potential resources is discussed as a starting point for future research. This discussion invites for an even broader, more individualized, and differentiated view to add to the bridge-building attempts of this impressive collection of research.
Content valuation strategies for digital subscription platforms
Authors: Kübler Raoul , Seifert Rouven , Kandziora Michael
Published: September 2020

For digital video subscription platforms, creating and managing content portfolios are critical to acquire new customers, retain existing customers, leverage cross-sales, and generate advertising revenues. We treat content portfolios as a form of pure bundling which may vary in composition and attractiveness over time. Therefore, evaluating the value contribution of each content piece is essential to manage a platform’s portfolio efficiently and to understand how a specific content piece contributes to the bundle’s attractiveness. In this article, we develop an ROI content valuation framework for a digital film subscription platform. This framework describes how a single piece of content diffuses through consumers’ journeys and influences subscription fees through acquisition and retention as well as revenues from cross-sales and advertising. This conceptual approach allows us to address the heterogeneity across content and platform contingencies such as exclusive availability and platform specifics, and link them to revenue streams. Building on this framework, we offer avenues for future research and provide potential lead performance indicators together with their operationalization, enabling all parties involved in the production, marketing, distribution, and sales of content to determine the platform-specific value of a content piece.
Nutritional Status and Obstacles to Healthy Eating Among Refugees in Geneva
Authors: Amstutz Delphine , Gonçalves Daniela , Hudelson Patricia , Stringhini Silvia , Durieux-Paillard Sophie , Rolet Sylvie
Published: September 2020

Refugees face various nutritional challenges during and after migration. This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study seeks to investigate the prevalence of undernutrition and obesity among refugees in Geneva, and to identify barriers to healthy eating. Anthropometric measurements of 354 adult refugees were collected between 2017 and 2019 by trained nurses and dietitians. Seven focus group discussions totaling 51 participants, refugees and social workers, investigated conceptions and needs regarding diet. The mean Body Mass Index is 24.6 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Women are disproportionately affected by obesity compared to men (p < 0.001). Weight gain post-migration is correlated positively with length of stay in Geneva (p < 0.001). Major obstacles to healthy eating are economic and linguistic. For participants, cooking workshops and free physical activities are highly needed interventions. Post-migration lifestyle interventions should be implemented to prevent weight gain in this population. Such interventions must be multi-level, to overcome structural, social and behavioral barriers to healthy eating.
Including sediment in European River Basin Management Plans: twenty years of work by SedNet
Authors: Brils Jos
Published: September 2020

Purpose

This paper describes the efforts made by SedNet—the European Sediment Network—to generate attention for the inclusion of sediment in River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs) under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD).

Materials and methods

The SedNet response to key WFD implementation events is described using the “three-streams and windows-of-opportunities model” published by John Kingdon in 1995.

Results and discussion

SedNet was initially a response to the realization that the WFD—which came into force in 2000—largely neglected sediment. For SedNet, it was clear from the beginning that the WFD objectives can be achieved only if sediment is included in RBMPs. The SedNet efforts inspired the establishment of a sediment management concept for the Elbe river basin. That concept was used as a basis for the full inclusion of sediment in the second Elbe RBMP (2015–2021). SedNet experts are currently involved in the drafting of the WFD Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) sediment document which will be completed in 2021 and that will provide guidance about how to include sediment in RBMPs.

Conclusions

Since 2000, SedNet has persistently drawn attention to the need to include sediment in RBMPs. However, it was not until 2015 that the Elbe became the first European river basin to include sediment management fully in their RBMP. The 2021 WFD CIS sediment document and the focus on sediment in the Water Fitness Check in 2019 make it significantly more likely that the sediment will be included in the updates of WFD RBMPs in the near future.
User preferences for coworking spaces; a comparison between the Netherlands, Germany and the Czech Republic
Authors: Appel-Meulenbroek Rianne , Weijs-Perrée Minou , Orel Marko , Gauger Felix , Pfnür Andreas
Published: September 2020

Coworking spaces have become a central component of new work environments, with large international chains. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether user preferences for the physical workspace design are consistent across countries, which the uniformity of such chains seems to suggest. A comparison between the user preferences of coworking spaces between the Netherlands (n = 219), Germany (n = 98) and the Czech Republic (n = 79) is performed using a mixed multinomial logic model for each country. Besides statistical utility of attributes, also motivations for working in coworking spaces are analysed. The findings show that there are some consistencies in preferences across countries. Typical real estate characteristics like accessibility and contract options came forward to be the most important attributes in choosing which coworking space to work at in all three countries. However, significant differences in the desired quality levels of specifically these attributes were found between the countries as well, and only the less important attributes showed similar preferences internationally. This suggests that identical world-wide implementations of the same concept, might serve multi-nationals but possibly will not attract local users. The identified differences in preferences can help to position more specific, dedicated coworking spaces within local markets.
Causes and Management of Non-cirrhotic Portal Hypertension​
Authors: Gioia Stefania , Nardelli Silvia , Ridola Lorenzo , Riggio Oliviero
Published: September 2020

Purpose of the Review

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) includes a heterogeneous group of conditions. The aim of this paper is to make an overview on the denominations, diagnostical features and management of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) and chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) being the main causes of NCPH in the Western world.

Recent Findings

The management of NCPH consists in the treatment of associated diseases and of portal hypertension (PH). PH due to PSVD or PVT is managed similarly to PH due to cirrhosis. TIPS placement and liver transplantation are considerable options in patients with refractory variceal bleeding/ascites and with progressive liver failure. Anticoagulation is a cornerstone both in the treatment of thrombosis in PSVD and in the prevention of thrombosis recurrence in patients with portal cavernoma.

Physicians should be aware of the existence of PSVD and chronic PVT and actively search them in particular settings. To now, the management of portal hypertension-related complications in NCPH is the same of those of cirrhosis. Large cooperative studies on the natural history of NCPH are necessary to better define its management.
Mapping post-Brexit environmental law
Authors: Reid Colin T.
Published: September 2020

The UK’s withdrawal from the EU will not bring about immediate changes to the substance of environmental law in the UK, but that law will become easier to change. The future position is complicated by devolution within the UK, where differing policy objectives on continuing alignment with the EU and weaknesses in the inter-governmental structures are causing problems. Environmental principles are being given legal recognition and new structures for environmental governance being created for each nation. These include environmental watchdogs that go some of the way to making up for the loss of the oversight provided by the EU institutions.
Wiring the Brain by Clustered Protocadherin Neural Codes
Authors: Wu Qiang , Jia Zhilian
Published: September 2020

There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these staggeringly complex neuronal circuits requires specific cell-surface molecular tags to endow each neuron with a unique identity code to discriminate self from non-self. The clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) genes, which encode a tremendous diversity of cell-surface assemblies, are candidates for neuronal identity tags. We describe the adaptive evolution, genomic structure, and regulation of expression of the clustered Pcdhs. We specifically focus on the emerging 3-D architectural and biophysical mechanisms that generate an enormous number of diverse cell-surface Pcdhs as neural codes in the brain.
Medieval buildings and environmental change: chronology,ecology and political administration at Castle Sween, Knapdale
Authors: Thacker Mark
Published: September 2020

This paper presents results from an integrated programme of landscape, buildings and materials analysis undertaken at Castle Sween under the aegis of the Scottish Medieval Castles & Chapels C14 Project (SMCCCP). A suite of petrographic, archaeobotanical and radiocarbon analyses are employed to present the first independent dating evidence relating to the construction of three phases of the castle complex, including a primary phase curtain-walled enclosure widely regarded as mainland Scotland’s earliest surviving medieval masonry castle. This data is generally consistent with previous interpretations of the building’s stratigraphy and architectural style, although an earlier than expected determination for the northeast tower draws further attention the contrasting character of this particular structure. Archaeobotanical analysis of the largest assemblage of mortar-entrapped relict limekiln fuel fragments undertaken by the project, thus far, also hints at wider changes in the surrounding environment. Correlating this buildings evidence with palynological and other data associated with the political, vegetational and climate history of the surrounding lordship, and across Argyll more widely, is beginning to align the construction of Castle Sween with broader ecological processes from which the surrounding environment has emerged.
The Treatment Decision-making Preferences of Patients with Prostate Cancer Should Be Recorded in Research and Clinical Routine: a Pooled Analysis of Four Survey Studies with 7169 Patients
Authors: Ihrig Andreas , Maatouk I. , Friederich H. C. , Baunacke M. , Groeben C. , Koch R. , Thomas C. , Huber J.
Published: September 2020

Different patients want to take different roles in the treatment decision-making process; these roles can be classified as passive, collaborative, and active. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between decision-making preferences among patients with prostate cancer and personal, disease-related, and structural factors. In four survey studies, we asked 7169 prostate cancer patients about their decision-making preferences using the Control Preferences Scale (CPS) and collected clinical, psychological, and quality-of-life measures. Most patients (62.2%) preferred collaborative decision-making, while 2322 (32.4%) preferred an active role, and only 391 (5.5%) preferred a passive role. Age (p < 0.001), data collection mode (p < 0.001), peer-to-peer support (p = 0.018), treatment status (p < 0.001), performed or planned radical prostatectomy (p < 0.001), metastatic disease (p = 0.001), and quality of life (p < 0.001) showed significant associations with patients’ preferred decision-making roles. Oncologic risk group, anxiety, and depression were not significant in the model. In particular, younger prostate cancer patients with higher quality of life completing an online survey want to play a more active role in treatment decision-making. Before treatment has started, patients tend to prefer collaborative decision-making. Few prostate cancer patients in Germany prefer a passive role. These patients are mostly older patients, patients with a metastatic disease, and patients who have opted for prostatectomy. Whether this finding reflects a generational effect or a tendency by age group and disease phase should be investigated. Further research is also needed to describe the causalities of these relationships. The CPS offers valuable information for personal counselling and should be applied in clinical routine. In a large group of patients with prostate cancer, we found that there is a strong desire for joint decision-making with the physician before the actual treatment. Especially younger men, men with active online behaviour, and men with a high quality of life want to be actively involved in therapy decision-making processes.
Semantic segmentation with deep learning: detection of cracks at the cut edge of glass
Authors: Drass Michael , Berthold Hagen , Kraus Michael A. , Müller-Braun Steffen
Published: September 2020

In this paper, artificial intelligence (AI) will be applied for the first time in the context of glass processing. The goal is to use an algorithm based on artificial intelligence to detect the fractured edge of a cut glass in order to generate a so-called mask image by AI. In the context of AI, this is a classical problem of semantic segmentation, in which objects (here the cut-edge of the cut glass) are automatically surrounded by the power of AI or detected and drawn. An original image of a cut glass edge is implemented into a deep neural net and processed in such a way that a mask image, i.e. an image of the cut edge, is automatically generated. Currently, this is only possible by manual tracing the cut-edge due to the fact that the crack contour of glass can sometimes only be recognized roughly. After manually marking the crack using an image processing program, the contour is then automatically evaluated further. AI and deep learning may provide the potential to automate the step of manual detection of the cut-edge of cut glass to great extent. In addition to the enormous time savings, the objectivity and reproducibility of detection is an important aspect, which will be addressed in this paper.
A buried past: five thousand years of (pre) history on the Jing-Wei floodplain
Authors: Wa Ye , Hein Anke
Published: September 2020

The Jing-Wei Floodplain, located in Shaanxi, China, has been home to various groups of people over the last 5000 years. Drawing together evidence from archaeology, paleobotany, geomorphology, climate sciences, and history, this paper provides a longue durée study of the local (pre)history of human occupation in this area with a special focus on human adaptation strategies and environmental history. In particular, the study summarizes and evaluates archaeological and geomorphological field research conducted over the last ten years and connects it with often overlooked local historical accounts and recent climate research in the Wei River Valley and observations on recent economic developments and their impact on both the environment and the people living in it. In spite of a rather long hiatus in occupation from the second century BCE to the twelfth century CE, the evidence shows that there are close similarities in human-environment relations and even continuities into the modern period. Though being a highly localized study, this paper can serve as an example for how such longue durée studies may be conducted in other regions, and it provides some suggestions for future field and laboratory research.
Failures of Intention and Failed-Art
Authors: Xhignesse Michel-Antoine
Published: September 2020

This paper explores what happens when artists fail to execute their goals. I argue that taxonomies of failure in general, and of failed-art in particular, should focus on the attempts which generate the failed-entity, and that to do this they must be sensitive to an attempt’s orientation. This account of failed-attempts delivers three important new insights into artistic practice: (1) there can be no accidental art, only deliberate and incidental art; (2) art’s intention-dependence entails the possibility of performative failure, but not of failed-art; and (3) art’s intention-dependence is perfectly compatible with the role that luck plays in artistic creation.
Effect of heat stress on udder health of dairy cows
Authors: Rakib Md Rezaul Hai , Zhou Man , Xu Siyu , Liu Yang , Asfandyar Khan Muhammad , Han Bo , Gao Jian
Published: September 2020

This Research Reflection short review presents an overview of the effects of heat stress on dairy cattle udder health and discusses existing heat stress mitigation strategies for a better understanding and identification of appropriate abatement plans for future stress management. Due to high ambient temperatures with high relative humidity in summer, dairy cows respond by changes of physical, biochemical and biological pathways to neutralize heat stress resulting in decreased production performance and poorer immunity resulting in an increased incidence of intramammary infections (IMI) and a higher somatic cell count (SCC). In vitro studies on bovine polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) suggested that heat stress reduces the phagocytosis capacity and oxidative burst of PMN and alters the expression of apoptotic genes and miRNA which, together with having a negative effect on the immune system, may explain the increased susceptibility to IMI. Although there are limited data regarding the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in many countries or regions, knowledge of SCC at the cow or bulk tank level helps encourage farmers to improve herd health and to develop strategies for infection prevention and cure. Therefore, more research into bulk tank SCC and clinical mastitis rates is needed to explain the effect of heat stress on dairy cow udder health and functions that could be influenced by abatement plans.
Nonlinear gyrokinetic PIC simulations in stellarators with the code EUTERPE
Authors: Sánchez E. , Mishchenko A. , García-Regaña J. M. , Kleiber R. , Bottino A. , Villard L. ,   the W7-X team
Published: September 2020

In this work, the first nonlinear particle-in-cell simulations carried out in a stellarator with the global gyrokinetic code EUTERPE using adiabatic electrons and realistic plasma parameters are reported. Several studies are conducted with the aim of enabling reliable nonlinear simulations in stellarators with this code. First, EUTERPE is benchmarked against ORB5 in both linear and nonlinear settings in a tokamak configuration. Next, the use of noise control and stabilization tools, a Krook-type collision operator, markers’ weight smoothing and heating sources is investigated. It is studied in detail how these tools influence the linear growth rate of instabilities in both tokamak and stellarator geometries, and their influence on the linear zonal flow evolution in a stellarator. Then, it is studied how these tools allow improvement of the quality of the results in a set of nonlinear simulations of electrostatic turbulence in a stellarator configuration. Finally, these tools are applied to a W7-X magnetic configuration using experimental plasma parameters.
Childhood trauma and amygdala nuclei volumes in youth at risk for mental illness
Authors: Nogovitsyn Nikita , Addington Jean , Souza Roberto , Placsko Thea J. , Stowkowy Jacqueline , Wang JianLi , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , Taylor Valerie H. , Kennedy Sidney H. , MacQueen Glenda
Published: September 2020

Background

Adults with significant childhood trauma and/or serious mental illness may exhibit persistent structural brain changes within limbic structures, including the amygdala. Little is known about the structure of the amygdala prior to the onset of SMI, despite the relatively high prevalence of trauma in at-risk youth.

Methods

Data were gathered from the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome study. A total of 182 youth with a mean age of 18.3 years completed T1-weighted MRI scans along with clinical assessments that included questionnaires on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants also completed the Childhood Trauma and Abuse Scale. We used a novel subfield-specific amygdala segmentation workflow as a part of FreeSurfer 6.0 to examine amygdala structure.

Results

Participants with higher trauma scores were more likely to have smaller amygdala volumes, particularly within the basal regions. Among various types of childhood trauma, sexual and physical abuse had the largest effects on amygdala subregions. Abuse-related differences in the right basal region mediated the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, even though no participants met criteria for clinical diagnosis at the time of assessment.

Conclusion

The experience of physical or sexual abuse may leave detectable structural alterations in key regions of the amygdala, potentially mediating the risk of psychopathology in trauma-exposed youth.
Mental health of older migrants migrating along with adult children in China: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Julia Juan , Lai Daniel W. L.
Published: September 2020

Due to urbanisation in China, about 7.74 million older people have migrated to urban centres, where their adult children reside and work, to care for their grandchildren. While older migrants may benefit from family reunion and mutual support, empirical studies have identified challenges to adaptation, integration and mental health. Employing a systematic literature review approach, this paper examines recent empirical studies on the mental health of older migrants migrating along with adult children in China, focusing on mental health and wellbeing outcomes and determinants and directions for social work interventions. It identifies directions for considering diversity in conceptualisations of mental health and in theoretical perspectives to enrich understanding of the experiences of Chinese older migrants migrating along with adult children and potential interventions.
Does raising the pension age prolong working life? Evidence from pension age reform in Estonia
Authors: Soosaar Orsolya , Puur Allan , Leppik Lauri
Published: September 2020

We estimate how raising the statutory retirement age affects employment by considering the pension age reform in Estonia, that gradually raised the normal retirement age (NRA) for women from 58 to 61.5 and the early retirement age (ERA) from 56 to 59.5 during the period of 2001–2011. The analysis employs a difference-in-differences estimation strategy on register data covering women born between 1943 and 1952. The reform did have an impact on the employment rate of affected women, with an estimated increase of 4.1 percentage points associated with the rise in the NRA, and 3.4 percentage points with the rise in the ERA. These estimates are at the lower end of those found in previous studies for other countries, pointing to the role of contextual features such as lower replacement rates and fewer disincentives to work while drawing pensions.
Dicamba emissions under field conditions as affected by surface condition
Authors: Mueller Thomas C. , Steckel Lawrence E.
Published: September 2020

The evolution and widespread distribution of glyphosate-resistant broadleaf weed species catalyzed the introduction of dicamba-resistant crops that allow this herbicide to be applied POST to soybean and cotton. Applications of dicamba that are most cited for off-target movement have occurred in June and July in many states when weeds are often in high densities and at least 10 cm or taller at the time of application. For registration purposes, most field studies examining pesticide emissions are conducted using bare ground or very small plants. Research was conducted in Knoxville, TN, in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019 to examine the effect of application surface (tilled soil, dead plants, green plants) on dicamba emissions under field conditions. Dicamba emissions after application were affected by the treated surface in all years, with the order from least to most emissions being dead plants < tilled soil < green plant material. In fact, dicamba emissions were >300% when applied to green plants compared to other surfaces. These findings suggest that dicamba applications made to bare ground will likely underestimate what may occur under normal field use conditions when POST applications are made and the crop canopy or weed groundcover is nearly 100% green material. A potential change to enhance the accuracy of current environmental simulation models would be to increase the theoretical findings to allow for the effect of green plant material on dicamba emissions under field conditions.
Psychologie in Österreich
Authors: Kovacs Carrie , Batinic Bernad
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Der Bologna-Prozess führte zu weitreichenden Veränderungen in der europäischen Hochschullandschaft. Im deutschsprachigen Raum ist sowohl das Potential einer erhöhten innereuropäischen Mobilität als auch die Herausforderung der Zusammenführung heterogener Bildungssysteme gerade am Beispiel des Psychologiestudiums in Österreich besonders sichtbar. Eine wachsende Zahl von deutschen Studierenden bestreitet ihr Psychologiestudium in Österreich. Während dies in der österreichischen Öffentlichkeit zur Sorge um die nationale psychosoziale Versorgung führt (z. B., Neuhauser, 2016 ), entspringen aus dem Privatsektor zahlreiche neue Parallel-Bildungsangebote, welche die Studienlandschaft exponentiell ausweiten. Vor dem Hintergrund setzt sich der vorliegende Beitrag zum Ziel, wichtige Grunddaten der österreichischen Psychologie‍(aus)‌bildung in einem kurzen Überblick zusammenzufassen.
Zur Lage der professionellen Psychologie im Gesundheitssystem Österreichs
Authors: Wimmer-Puchinger Beate , Wolf Hilde , Klimesch Anne
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Möglichkeiten der professionellen Psychologie im Gesundheitssystem in Österreich werden wesentlich durch die legistischen Rahmenbedingungen und die Finanzierungsmodi ihrer Leistungen bestimmt. Das erste Psychologengesetz, 1990, ermöglichte einen umfangreichen Titelschutz und Behandlungserlaubnis. Das Psychologengesetz 2013 regelte Qualitätsstandards und höhere Ausbildungsanforderungen. Das österreichische Dilemma besteht im gesetzlichen Splitting der psychologischen und psychotherapeutischen Tätigkeiten. Während klinische Psycholog_innen in allen medizinischen Fächern österreichweit in Krankenanstalten etablierter Bestandteil der Behandlungsteams sind, ist die klinisch-psychologische Behandlung extramural als Kassenleistung nicht vorgesehen. Um das Tätigkeitsspektrum und die Situation der Psycholog_innen zu ermitteln, wird fünfjährig eine Mitgliederbefragung des Berufsverbandes österreichischer Psycholog_innen (BÖP) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung von 1.034 Mitgliedern im Jahr 2019 zeigen einen hohen Anteil an Mitgliedern aus dem Fachbereich Klinische Psychologie und Gesundheitspsychologie, viele davon sind sogar mehrfachqualifiziert. Erfreulich wenig Kolleg_innen sind arbeitssuchend. Der BÖP ist Auftragnehmer von diversen gesellschafts- und gesundheitspolitisch relevanten, flächendeckenden Maßnahmen des Bundesministeriums für Soziales, Gesundheit, Pflege und Konsumentenschutz (Sozialministerium) wie zum Beispiel die klinisch Psychologische Betreuung von arbeitslosen Personen sowie klinisch-psychologische Interventionen für belastete pflegende Angehörige. Um auf die Bedeutung guter und ausreichender psychischer Versorgung aufmerksam zu machen, initiierte der BÖP eine Open Petition, die rund 30.000 Unterstützer_innen aus diversen Gesundheitsberufen wie Medizin, Psychologie und Psychotherapie erreichte (Stand April 2020). Ziel ist es einen Masterplan für eine bessere psychische Versorgung in Österreich zu entwickeln. Dies erscheint angesichts der Prognose der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (World Health Organisation, WHO), dass psychische Erkrankungen und besonders Depressionen die zukünftigen Top-Belastungen der Gesellschaft sein werden, als eine Notwendigkeit.
NRLMSIS 2.0: A Whole‐Atmosphere Empirical Model of Temperature and Neutral Species Densities
Authors: Emmert J. T. , Drob D. P. , Picone J. M. , Siskind D. E. , Jones M. , Mlynczak M. G. , Bernath P. F. , Chu X. , Doornbos E. , Funke B. , Goncharenko L. P. , Hervig M. E. , Schwartz M. J. , Sheese P. E. , Vargas F. , Williams B. P. , Yuan T.
Published: September 2020

NRLMSIS® 2.0 is an empirical atmospheric model that extends from the ground to the exobase and describes the average observed behavior of temperature, eight species densities, and mass density via a parametric analytic formulation. The model inputs are location, day of year, time of day, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. NRLMSIS 2.0 is a major, reformulated upgrade of the previous version, NRLMSISE‐00. The model now couples thermospheric species densities to the entire column, via an effective mass profile that transitions each species from the fully mixed region below ~70 km altitude to the diffusively separated region above ~200 km. Other changes include the extension of atomic oxygen down to 50 km and the use of geopotential height as the internal vertical coordinate. We assimilated extensive new lower and middle atmosphere temperature, O, and H data, along with global average thermospheric mass density derived from satellite orbits, and we validated the model against independent samples of these data. In the mesosphere and below, residual biases and standard deviations are considerably lower than NRLMSISE‐00. The new model is warmer in the upper troposphere and cooler in the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the thermosphere, N2 and O densities are lower in NRLMSIS 2.0; otherwise, the NRLMSISE‐00 thermosphere is largely retained. Future advances in thermospheric specification will likely require new in situ mass spectrometer measurements, new techniques for species density measurement between 100 and 200 km, and the reconciliation of systematic biases among thermospheric temperature and composition data sets, including biases attributable to long‐term changes.
Halocarbons: What Are They and Why Are They Important?
Authors: Hodnebrog �ivind , Shine Keith , Wallington Timothy
Published: September 2020

CFCs and other halocarbons have long been known for causing an ozone hole over the Antarctic, but many of them are also powerful greenhouse gases.
Gopalswamy Receives 2019 Space Physics and Aeronomy Richard Carrington Education and Public Outreach Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2020

Nat “Gopal” Gopalswamy received the 2019 Space Physics and Aeronomy Richard Carrington (SPARC) Education and Public Outreach Award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2019, held 9–13 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is “presented annually to a senior scientist for significant impact on the public’s understanding of space physics and aeronomy through their education or outreach activities.”
Sound Velocities of Al‐Bearing Phase D up to 22 GPa and 1300 K
Authors: Xu Chaowen , Gréaux Steeve , Inoue Toru , Noda Masamichi , Sun Wei , Kuwahara Hideharu , Higo Yuji
Published: September 2020

Sound velocities of Al‐bearing phase D were investigated up to 22 GPa and 1300 K using in situ synchrotron X‐ray techniques combined with ultrasonic measurements in a multianvil apparatus. The isothermal bulk modulus of Al‐bearing phase D was found to be ~16.7% lower than that of Mg‐endmember, suggesting a strong effect of Al incorporation on the bulk modulus of phase D. Al‐bearing phase D has higher P‐ (VP) and S‐ (VS) wave velocities compared to other mantle transition zone minerals, up to 4.3% for VP and up to 9.6% for VS compared with hydrous iron‐bearing ringwoodite, which might engender reduction of velocity contrast between anhydrous mantle and hydrous slab components. The accumulation of hydrated slab components carrying Al‐phase D in the uppermost lower mantle can explain some local negative shear velocity perturbations (ΔVS) up to −1.5%, although ΔVP (−0.5%) is expected to remain below the detection limit of seismological techniques.
Field Line Resonances in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Lysak R. L. , Song Y.
Published: September 2020

The arrival of the Juno satellite at Jupiter has led to an increased interest in the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. Jupiter's auroral emissions often exhibit quasiperiodic oscillations with periods of tens of minutes. Magnetic observations indicate that ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves with similar periods are often seen in data from Galileo and other satellites traversing the Jovian magnetosphere. Such waves can be associated with field line resonances, which are standing shear Alfvén waves on the field lines. Using model magnetic fields and plasma distributions, the frequencies of field line resonances and their harmonics on field lines connecting to the main auroral oval have been determined. Time domain simulations of Alfvén wave propagation have illustrated the evolution of such resonances. These studies indicate that harmonics of the field line resonances are common in the 10–40 min band.
Volcanically Induced Transient Atmospheres on the Moon: Assessment of Duration, Significance, and Contributions to Polar Volatile Traps
Authors: Head James W. , Wilson Lionel , Deutsch Ariel N. , Rutherford Malcolm J. , Saal Alberto E.
Published: September 2020

A transient lunar atmosphere formed during a peak period of volcanic outgassing and lasting up to about ~70 Ma was recently proposed. We utilize forward‐modeling of individual lunar basaltic eruptions and the observed geologic record to predict eruption frequency, magma volumes, and rates of volcanic volatile release. Typical lunar mare basalt eruptions have volumes of ~102–103 km3, last less than a year, and have a rapidly decreasing volatile release rate. The total volume of lunar mare basalts erupted is small, and the repose period between individual eruptions is predicted to range from 20,000 to 60,000 years. Only under very exceptional circumstances could sufficient volatiles be released in a single eruption to create a transient atmosphere with a pressure as large as ~0.5 Pa. The frequency of eruptions was likely too low to sustain any such atmosphere for more than a few thousand years. Transient, volcanically induced atmospheres were probably inefficient sources for volatile delivery to permanently shadowed lunar polar regions.
How Important Are Post‐Tropical Cyclones for European Windstorm Risk?
Authors: Sainsbury Elliott M. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H. , Hodges Kevin I. , Shaffrey Len C. , Baker Alex J. , Bhatia Kieran T.
Published: September 2020

Post‐tropical cyclones (PTCs) extend many hazards associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) to the midlatitudes. Despite recent high‐impact cases affecting Europe such as Ophelia, little research has been done to characterize the risk of PTCs. Here we compare the climatologies and intensity distributions of midlatitude cyclones (MLCs) and PTCs in the North Atlantic and Europe by tracking cyclones in the ERA5 reanalysis. Considering hurricane season cyclones impacting Northern Europe, PTCs show a significantly higher mean maximum intensity than MLCs, but make only a small contribution to total windstorm risk. Our results show that a disproportionately large fraction of high‐intensity cyclones impacting Europe during hurricane season are PTCs. The fraction of PTCs impacting N Europe with storm force (>25 m s−1) winds is ~10 times higher than that for MLCs. Less than 1% of cyclones impacting Northern Europe are identified to be PTCs. This rises to 8.8% when considering cyclones which impact with storm force winds.
A Unified Framework for Extreme Subdaily Precipitation Frequency Analyses Based on Ordinary Events
Authors: Marra Francesco , Borga Marco , Morin Efrat
Published: September 2020

The metastatistical extreme value approach proved promising in the frequency analysis of daily precipitation from ordinary events, outperforming traditional methods based on sampled extremes. However, subdaily applications are currently restrained by two knowledge gaps: It is not known if ordinary events can be consistently examined over durations, and it is not clear to what extent their entire distributions represent extremes. We propose here a unified definition of ordinary events across durations and suggest the simplified metastatistical extreme value formulation for dealing with extremes emerging from the tail, rather than the entire distributions, of ordinary events. This unified framework provides robust estimates of extreme quantiles (<10% error on the 100 yr from a 26 yr long record) and allows representations in which ordinary and extreme events share the scaling exponent. Future applications could improve our knowledge of subdaily extreme precipitation and help investigate the impact of local factors and climatic forcing on their frequency.