bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Intellectual Space” as a Manifestation of Intercultural Communications (on the Basis of the Ukrainian Hierarchs’ Epistolary Legacy)
Authors: Kagamlyk Svitlana
Published: August 2019

Based upon the Ukrainian hierarchs’ epistolary legacy, the article analyzes characteristic features of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy intellectual space, which was created by Academy alumni of different generations and various hierarchy levels. The author establishes that the closest relations were between correspondents belonging to the same or almost same hierarchy level and who were bonded together by the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy educational system and school comradeship, eventually obtained high positions in the hierarchy. Communication within the boundaries of individual centers (the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, collegiums in Chernihiv, Kharkiv, and Pereiaslav, seats of Ukrainian bishops in Russia, etc.) depended on specificity of the environment. Predominant themes encountered in the letters of the Ukrainian bishops included needs of the alma mater, the Kyiv Academy, and the collegiums. The correspondence addressed issues of their legal status, academic staff, financial support, as well as the literary work and publishing activities of the hierarchs. KAGAMLYK, Svitlana. “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Intellectual Space” as a Manifestation of Intercultural Communications (on the Basis of the Ukrainian Hierarchs’ Epistolary Legacy). Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal, n. 5, p. 61-82, 2018. ISSN 2313-4895. Available at: . doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmhj150388.2018-5.61-82.
To Sow and to Reap: The An Ceathramh Gaelic Language Centre
Authors: Mearns Alexander B.
Published: August 2019

This paper describes the growth and success of the An Ceathramh Gaelic language teaching centre in Rogart, Sutherland, Scotland from 1992 to 2001. It is an example of a private, community-based initiative, which contrasts markedly with top-down, agency directed projects which are the norm in Gaelic development in Scotland. An Ceathramh had a wide influence on local Gaelic, by teaching the local dialect, promoting music and dance, and by bringing parents together who later established a Gaelic medium school. It is an example of how much can be achieved in a community by working with available resources.
Saiga horn user characteristics, motivations, and purchasing behaviour in Singapore
Authors: Doughty Hunter , Veríssimo Diogo , Tan Regina , Lee Janice Ser Huay , Carrasco L Roman , Oliver Kathryn , Milner-Gulland E.J.
Published: August 2019

Unsustainable wildlife trade is a pervasive issue affecting wildlife globally. To address this issue, a plethora of demand reduction efforts have been carried out. These necessitate consumer research which provides crucial knowledge for designing and evaluating targeted interventions. We implemented a rigorous consumer survey on saiga (Saiga tatarica) horn use in Singapore, where usage is legal and widely sold. Saiga are Critically Endangered antelopes from Central Asia with horns (often marketed as ling yang) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Few past studies have assessed saiga horn consumers. This work is the most extensive consumer research to date specifically characterising saiga horn consumers and usage. We conducted 2294 in-person surveys on saiga horn use with Chinese Singaporeans, employing neutral questioning approaches. We found 19% of individuals reported saiga horn as a product they choose most often for themselves and/or others when treating fever and/or heatiness (a TCM state of illness), indicating a minimum estimate of high-frequency usage, not including possible low-frequency users. Overall saiga users were most characterised as middle-aged Buddhists and Taoists. However, saiga users were found in a range of demographic groups. Women preferred saiga shavings (the more traditional form), while men preferred saiga cooling water (the more modern form). About 53% of individuals who used saiga horn themselves also bought it for someone else. Buyers for others were most likely to be female middle-aged Buddhists or Taoists. Key motivating reasons for usage were “it works” and “someone recommended it to me.” The top two reported recommenders were family and TCM shopkeepers. Saiga users were more likely than non-saiga users to perceive saiga as a common species in the wild. This research holds significance for interventions targeting saiga horn consumption within Singapore and throughout Asia, by identifying potential target audiences, product types, non-desirable alternatives, and motivations for use.
Possible Effect of Headphone Usage on Working Memory Among Students in Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria‒Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Yushau , U.A Muhammad , F.A Isah
Published: August 2019

Working memory is a system that is responsible for transient holding and processing of new and already stored information. It also involves processing for reasoning, comprehension, learning and memory updating. Headphones are a pair of small loudspeakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user’s ear. They are electroacoustic transducers which convert electrical signals to a corresponding sound in the user’s ear. Several studies have recently shown a link between cognitive abilities and response to hearing aid and signal processing in the brain. Therefore, the relationship between headphone usage among healthy subjects become pertinent. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of headphone on working memory using N-back task. One hundred (100) participants (55 headphone users and 45 non-headphone user’s) within the age range of 18-31 years were assessed. Participants were instructed to keep in memory, a series of letters and say “target” whenever there was a repetition of letter with exactly one intervening letter and to remain silent when any other letter appeared. The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in working memory between headphone and non-headphone users with p>0.05. In conclusion, this study revealed headphone use has no effect on working memory of the participants subjected to N–back test.
Limitações à aplicabilidade da RDC 306 na Medicina Veterinária
Authors: Monteiro Pablo , Delmiro Rocha da Costa Vládia , Eugênia moraes Maria
Published: August 2019

The work had as an objective the evaluation of the knowledge level of veterinary doctors and students from the 9 th and 10 th terms of veterinary medicine concerning ANVISA’s “Resolução Diretoria Colegiada-RDC N° 306/2004” that highlight the policies for the management of debris generated by health services. A quantitative field work has been completed using a survey forwarded through Google Drive to 60 veterinary doctors and 70 veterinary medicine students. The target groups of the research were veterinary doctors who work in clinics, labs, veterinary hospitals and students from the 9 th and 10 th terms of veterinary medicine. We asked each participant to answer the survey and forward it to other professionals with the same profile, using the Snowball Sampling methodology. The research was carried out from February 2 nd ,2018 to April 2 nd, 2018. Based on the analysis of the results, it was possible to see various gaps in both students’ and professionals’ knowledge, what damages the applicability of the Norm and, in turns, leads to inappropriate handle of health’s solid debris. Guiding measures have been suggested in order to approach the subject in the broadest and most concise way, collaborating not only with the environment, but mainly with the safety and health of the area professionals during their working time.
Controle de temperatura: importância e influência na qualidade da carne bovina
Authors: Borges Ana Carolina , Borges Ana Carolina Costa , Souza Stefania Márcia de Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the conditions of preservation and conditioning of commercially chilled beef (duck, muscle and palette) by means of the temperature verification and its influence on the organoleptic characteristics of the food. It is intended that, at the end of this one, the results can contribute to guide the presentation of suggestions for improvements to the conservation problems identified. Methods: The beef samples were randomly collected at a commercial establishment located in Asa Norte, Brasília / DF. For each portion exposed in the gondola, the temperature of the surface and center of the meat were checked and changes in color and odor of the product were verified. Results: They showed that the muscle cut, presented 60% of the samples outside the temperature patterns (surface and center), but did not present alteration of color and aroma. The Paleta cut, 100% of the samples presented values above that allowed by law, without alteration of aroma, but with 60% of the samples with alteration in color of the product. The surface temperature of the Duckling all samples were changed and the core temperature of the meat 40% were above standard. The color and aroma did not change. Conclusions: It is concluded that, despite changes in the temperature of the surface and the center of the meat, there can be no changes in the color and aroma perceivable to the consumer. However, even with these normal variables, temperatures above the allowed level can cause bacterial development causing damages to the health of the consumer.
Infestação por Felicola subrostratus em felinos de gatil em Igarassu, Pernambuco, Brasil: relato de caso
Authors: D'Alcantara Nicolli , Silva Magda Maria de Abreu , Silva Eryka Crystyane Conceição do Nascimento , Araújo Andreza de Cássia Gomes , Vilela Liana Mesquita , Bessa Ana Luiza Neves Guimaraes
Published: August 2019

The Felicola subrostratus is an ectoparasite that causes pediculosis specifically in felines and, despite having a worldwide distribution, its occurrence is uncommon and poorly reported. Pediculosis may present as a cause of intense pruritus in cats, causing dermatitis, alopecia and secondary bacterial infections, or asymptomatically, and the animals with long hairs are most severely affected. The present work intends to report the first diagnosed case of F. subrostratus lice infestation in a Cat with 14 cats in Jardim Sumaré, in the Rural Village of Igarassu, in Pernambuco State, where 12 cats presented varied symptoms and two of these animals were examined and had samples of hairs collected for parasitological examination, confirming the infestation. Treatment with 1 ml of topical Fipronil was instituted for each of the 14 contact cats and seven days after application of the drug, the animals already presented regression of the clinical picture and absence of ectoparasites.
Relação humano-equino a partir da obra "o gaúcho'' de José de Alencar (1870)
Authors: Novelletto Pisa João , Pereira Leme Denise , Conte Tacito Jorge Luiz
Published: August 2019

Zooliterature, also known as Animal Studies, is a set of literature works that contain discussions about the “animal world”, which reflects about the animal feature and the relationship between humans and animals. This area of literature studies has the capacity to make others reflect about the subject, and because of that it helps improving animals well-being. This work’s goal is to analyse the human-horse relationship inside Jose de Alencar’s book “O Gaúcho” and observe the beginning of this relation and what are the principal used by the main character regarding the horse, all that inside the scenario Pampa in the local culture, and with that develop an education of equine well being with a more local vision.
Avaliação do consumo e comportamento de bezerras da raça holandesa alimentadas com grão de milho (Zea mays L.) moído reidrarado e ensilado
Authors: Silva Lucas , Cruz Guilherme Martins de Almeida Cruz , Pereira Renata Vitarele Gimenes Pereira , Carvalho Wellyngton Tadeu Vilela Carvalho , Tavares Queila Gouveia Tavares , Resende Janaína Aparecida Miranda Resende , Oliveira Alvino Marcelo de Oliveira , Oliveira de Carvalho Carlos Antunes Oliveira de Carvalho , Rocha Gustavo Piacesi Rocha , Oliveira Aline Silva Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Corn is one of the world's most widely grown cereals, with most of the production being fed. In order to minimize the problems caused by storage and to obtain a higher efficiency in the bovine feed with corn-based diets, several methods of grain processing have been tested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption and behavior of Holstein heifers, fed with milled rehydrated and silage corn, instead of the formulated feed. The experiment was conducted at the IF SUDESTE MG - Campus Barbacena, and fifteen Holstein heifers were used in a completely randomized design in subdivided plots, the plots being the three treatments (T1: 0%, T2 = 50% and T3: 100% substitution of the feed formulated by milled and rehydrated corn grain silage), with five replications, and the subplots the three 24 hour periods for behavior observation. The idle behavior parameters, feeding, sleeping, urinating, and defecating only water but also the parameter relating to food consumption were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. The water consumption parameters, and lying ruminating were affected (P
Does High Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Affect EEG Gamma Band Activity?
Authors: Ebrahimian M , Razeghi M , Zamani A , Bagheri Z , Rastegar K , Motealleh A
Published: August 2019

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a noninvasive, inexpensive and safe analgesic technique used for relieving acute and chronic pain. However, despite all these advantages, there has been very little research into the therapeutic effects of TENS on brain activity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence on the effect of high frequency TENS on the gamma band activity.  Objective: Investigation of the effect of high frequency TENS on the electroencephalographic (EEG) gamma band activity after inducing ischemic pain in healthy volunteers is considered.Methods: The modified version of Submaximal effort tourniquet test was carried out for inducing tonic pain in 15 right-handed healthy volunteers. The high frequency TENS (150µs in duration, frequency of 100 Hz) was applied for 20 minutes. Pain intensity was assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) in two conditions (after-pain, after-TENS). EEG gamma band activity was recorded by a 19-channel EEG in three conditions (baseline, after-pain and after- TENS). The repeated measure ANOVA and paired-sample T- tests were used for data analysis.Results: EEG analysis showed an increase in gamma total power after inducing pain as compared to baseline and a decrease after the application of TENS (mean±SD: .043±.029 to .088±.042 to .038±.022 μV2 ).The analysis of VAS values demonstrated that the intensity of induced pain (mean±SD: 51.53±9.86) decreased after the application of TENS (mean±SD: 18.66±10.28). All these differences were statistically significant (p<.001).Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the high frequency TENS can reduced the enhanced gamma band activity after the induction of tonic pain in healthy volunteers. This finding might help as a functional brain biomarker which could be useful for pain treatment, specifically for EEG-based neurofeedback approaches.
The Effect of Gold Nanoparticle on Electrical Impedance of Tissue on Low Frequency Ranges
Authors: Ostovari M , Riahi Alam N , Zabihzadeh M , Gharibvand M. M , Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi M
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Electrical impedance of tissues on low frequencies includes useful information about functional and structural changes in tissues. This property is used in Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) imaging modality for the detection of lesions in tissues.Objective: The goal of this article is to study changes in electrical impedance of tissues in the presence of gold nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: Spherical gold nanoparticles with size of 20-25 nm were synthesized with Turkevich method. Size distribution and shape of nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrical impedance of two types of phantoms (chicken fat and muscle paste tissues) was measured by 4-electrode method with and without gold nanoparticles.Results: Results demonstrate a reduction in electrical impedance of tissues in the presence of gold nanoparticles. However, this reduction is not the same for fat and muscle tissues. Reductions in resistive impedance are  for fat and muscle tissues on the frequency of 1 KHz, respectively. A reduction in electrical impedance is accompanied by a rise in electrical conductance leading to increase in EIT signal.Conclusion: As signal enhancement is different for fat and muscle tissues; presence of gold nanoparticles could be used to improve EIT image contrast.
Can Light Emitted from Smartphone Screens and Taking Selfies Cause Premature Aging and Wrinkles?
Authors: Arjmandi N , Mortazavi Gh , Zarei S , Faraz M , Mortazavi S A R
Published: August 2019

Since the early days of human life on the Earth, our skin has been exposed to different levels of light. Recently, due to inevitable consequences of modern life, humans are not exposed to adequate levels of natural light during the day but they are overexposed to relatively high levels of artificial light at night. Skin is a major target of oxidative stress and the link between aging and oxidative stress is well documented. Especially, extrinsic skin aging can be caused by oxidative stress. The widespread use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and the rapidly increasing use of smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop computers have led to a significant rise in the exposure of human eyes to short-wavelength visible light. Recent studies show that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even for exposures as short as 1 hour, may cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and necrosis. The biological effects of exposure to short-wavelength visible light in blue region in humans and other living organisms were among our research priorities at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC). Today, there is a growing concern over the safety of the light sources such as LEDs with peak emissions in the blue light range (400-490 nm). Recent studies aimed at investigating the effect of exposure to light emitted from electronic device on human skin cells, shows that even short exposures can increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, the biological effects of either long-term or repeated exposures are not fully known, yet. Furthermore, there are reports indicating that frequent exposure to visible light spectrum of the selfie flashes may cause skin damage and accelerated skin ageing. In this paper we have addressed the different aspects of potential effects of exposure to the light emitted from smartphones’ digital screens as well as smartphones’ photoflashes on premature aging of the human skin. Specifically, the effects of blue light on eyes and skin are discussed. Based on current knowledge, it can be suggested that changing the spectral output of LED-based smartphones’ flashes can be introduced as an effective method to reduce the adverse health effects associated with exposure to blue light.
Blocking Short-Wavelength Component of the Visible Light Emitted by Smartphones’ Screens Improves Human Sleep Quality
Authors: Mortazavi S A R , Parhoodeh S , Hosseini M A , Arabi H , Malakooti H , Nematollahi S , Mortazavi G , Darvish L , Mortazavi S M J
Published: August 2019

Background: It has been shown that short-wavelength blue component of the visible light spectrum can alter the circadian rhythm and suppress the level of melatonin hormone. The short-wavelength light emitted by smartphones’ screens can affect the sleep quality of the people who use these devices at night through suppression of melatonin.Objectives: In this study, we examined the effects of covering the screens of smartphones with different filters (changing the effective wavelength of the light) on sleep delay time in 43 healthy students.Materials and Methods: Volunteer students were asked to go to bed at 23:00 and to use their mobile phones in bed for watching a natural life documentary movie for 60 minutes.  No filter was used for one night while amber and blue filters were used for other 2 nights. Photospectrometry method was used to determine the output spectrum of the light passing through the filters used for covering the screens of the mobile phones. The order for utilizing amber or blue filters or using no filter was selected randomly. After 1 hour, the participants were asked to record their sleep delay time measured by a modified form of sleep time record sheet.Results: The mean sleep delay time for the “no-filter” night was 20.84±9.15 minutes, while the sleep delay times for the nights with amber and blue filters were 15.26±1.04 and 26.33±1.59 minutes, respectively.Conclusion: The findings obtained in this study support this hypothesis that blue light possibly suppresses the secretion of melatonin more than the longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum. Using amber filter in this study significantly improved the sleep quality. Altogether, these findings lead us to this conclusion that blocking the short-wavelength component of the light emitted by smartphones’ screens improves human sleep.
Mandibular Trabecular Bone Analysis Using Local Binary Pattern for Osteoporosis Diagnosis
Authors: Khojastepour L , Hasani M , Ghasemi M , Mehdizadeh A R , Tajeripour F
Published: August 2019

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Since Panoramic image is a feasible and relatively routine imaging technique in dentistry; it could provide an opportunistic chance for screening osteoporosis. In this regard, numerous panoramic derived indices have been developed and suggested for osteoporosis screening. Jaw trabecular pattern is one of the main bone strength factors and trabecular bone pattern assessment is important factor in bone quality analysis. Texture analysis applied to trabecular bone images offers an ability to exploit the information present on conventional radiographs.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Jaw trabecular pattern in panoramic image and osteoporosis based on image texture analyzing using local binary pattern.Material and Methods: An experiment is evaluated in this paper based on a real hand-captured database of panoramic radiograph images from osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis person in Namazi Hospital , Shiraz, Iran .An approach is proposed for osteoporosis diagnosis consisting of two steps. First, modified version of local binary patterns is used to extract discriminative features from jaw panoramic radiograph images. Then, classification is done using different classifiers.Results:  Comparative results show that the proposed approach provides classification accuracy about 99.6%, which is higher than many state-of-the-art methods.Conclusion: High classification accuracy, low computational complexity, multi-resolution and rotation invariant are among advantages of our proposed approach.
Capacity-building projects in African higher education
Authors: Adriansen Hanne Kirstine , Madsen Lene Møller
Published: August 2019

This article studies issues of coloniality in so-called capacity-building projects between universities in Africa and Scandinavia. Even fifty years after independence, the African higher education landscape is a product of the colonial powers and subsequent uneven power relations, as argued by a number of researchers. The uneven geography and power of knowledge exist also between countries that were not in a direct colonial relationship, which the word coloniality implies. Based on interviews with stakeholders and on our own experiences of capacity-building projects, this article examines how such projects affect teaching, learning, curriculum, research methodology and issues of quality enhancement. We analyse the dilemmas and paradoxes involved in this type of international collaboration and conclude by offering ways to decolonise capacity-building projects.
The role of science in the study of and response to space threats
Authors: Shustov B. M.
Published: August 2019

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.
Macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua en la quebrada La Calaboza (Yopal, Casanare)
Authors: Peña Perea Sergio Andrés , Bohórquez Garzón Hayline Alejandra , Barrera Rodriguez Andrea Karina , Salamanca Velandia Sinia Sirley , Jiménez Medina Daninson Ahmed Ahmed , Botello-Suárez Wilmar Alirio
Published: August 2019

This study presents the characterization of macroinvertebrates colonizing La Calaboza creek (an important hydric system from Casanare department), to determine the status of water quality and to improve understanding of the native entomofauna, in response to summer and winter conditions. The macroinvertebrates were collected from six sampling stations and identified at the family level. And also, their relationship with various physicochemical variables was established. The environmental status was determined by the application of three biotic indices: BMWP, ASPT, and EPT. Despite the impact of anthropogenic activities, the water quality of the stream was classified as acceptable or good. Regardless of the season, Ephemeróptera was the predominant order in most of the selected stations. However, the winter period presented the lowest biotic indexes, associated with a different distribution of individuals and low diversity, as a result of fluctuations in the physicochemical state of the water. It is concluded that the environmental status of the study area is highly influenced by the change of period, presenting greater susceptibility in winter conditions
Episteme vs. Tekné: una aproximación al aprendizaje de la programación de computadores en Ingeniería de Sistemas
Authors: Trejos Buriticá Omar Iván
Published: August 2019

This article exposes the results of a research made in the classroom looking for establishing elements of comparative judgment that would allow comparing two teaching strategies, and their impact on learning, of computer programming in a Systems Engineering program. The two strategies to be compared consist of the teaching of the logic of programming (the episteme) or the teaching of its application reflected in a programming language (tekné). In order to measure the impact of the two strategies on the learning of programming, Programming I courses were divided into two subgroups so that a comparative follow-up could be carried out permanently. The process was carried out with the 1st semester of Systems Engineering of a public university. The results were measured quantitatively from identical written evaluations and under highly similar conditions for their resolution. A qualitative approach was also made based on the opinion of the students at the end of the course. It is concluded that the teaching of the episteme of programming seems to be much more relevant than its application since the student can go from the 1st to the other. However, there were cases in which some students, from the study of the programming language, were able to infer the underlying concepts of the relevant logic.
An A2O-MBR system for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from brewery wastewater
Authors: Thien Van Nu Thai , Hung Dang Viet , Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: August 2019

Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic – Membrane BioReactor (A2O-MBR) system was used to enhance simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from brewery wastewater. The A2O unit containing microorganisms with short solids retention time (SRT) was employed mainly for removal of organic matter and phosphorus together with denitrification. The MBR containing microorganisms with long SRT was employed mainly for nitrification of NH4+-N and recirculation of NO3--N. The model of A2O-MBR system made from polyacrylic with the capacity of 49.5 liters was operated with hydraulic retention times decreased from 24, 18 to 12 hours corresponding to organic loading rates increased from 0.50, 0.75 to 1.00 kg COD/m3.day. The results showed that the model not only treated organic matter well but also nearly completely removed both nitrogen and phosphorus. For all three loading rates, chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration decreased significantly in the anaerobic and anoxic compartments of the A2O unit, indicating that most of organic matter was utilized in the anaerobic and anoxic compartments for phosphorus release and denitrification, respectively. Nitrification in the MBR was almost perfectly completed, with average NH4 +-N removal efficiencies of over 98%. Denitrification in the anoxic compartment happened as much as possible. Demands for the development of PAOs, which were responsible for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes, could be provided. For loading rate of 0.75 kg COD/m3.day, treatment efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) of the model were the highest as 95.4, 99.2, 86.7 and 84.6%, respectively. Output values of these parameters were within the limits of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater (QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT), column A. The model of A2O-MBR system was capable of achieving effluents with very low nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from brewery wastewater.
PERANAN MANAJEMEN PAJAK PENGHASILAN DALAM MEMINIMALKAN BEBAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN TERUTANG CV PCIW
Authors: Marpaung Christine Sada Meyranda
Published: August 2019

Income tax is an expense that must be paid by the taxpayer to the State because of theincome that the taxpayer earns. For taxpayers, the amount of tax expense is as little aspossible. By utilizing the tax collection system which is a self assessment system,taxpayers can calculate their own income tax amount that must be paid to the State sothat the taxpayer's business arises to minimize the tax expense on income owed. Thepurpose of this research is to find out the taxpayer's efforts in minimizing the incometax payable which can be done by applying income tax management in accordance withits functions namely tax planning, tax organizing, tax leading and tax controlling. Inthis research, tax planning is carried out by the author by analyzing whether there arecosts that were previously not deductible to be deductible, analyzing whether there isincome that was taxable can be changed to non taxable. Tax organizing, tax leadingand tax controlling are tax management functions that support the effectiveness of theimplementation of income tax management in minimizing the income tax expense.
EVALUASI EFEKTIFITAS SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PENGOLAHAN ASET (STUDI PADA BADAN KEUANGAN DAN ASET DAERAH KOTA SORONG)
Authors: Liawan Calvin
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun sistem pengendalian internal aset yang baik dan benar sehingga penulis dapat melakukan pembuatan sistem pengendalian internal aset dengan baik dan benar. Penelitian menggunakan metode teknik studi kepustakaan, kuesioner dan wawancara serta penggunaan data dari literatur-literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, sistem pengendalian internal aset sangatlah penting karena jika sistem pengendalian internal aset tidak berjalan dengan baik atau semestinya maka akan berpengaruh pada laporan keuangan aset (neraca).
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON POST-MORTEM SPECIMENS RECEIVED TO DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY, GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE, KADAPA.
Authors: Rani Dr G.Sobha , Raja Dr. B.Naga , Kumar Dr V.Nagesh
Published: August 2019

Histopahtological examination of post-mortem specimens is done to establish the cause of death, due to pathological changes in the tissues. Present study was done to between 2014 - 2015 (5 years study) consisting of 184 cases.

Keywords: Histopathology, Postmortem specimen, Emphysema, Chronic venous congestion of lung
TO STUDY THE MANAGEMENT OF LIVER ABSCESS
Authors: Agarwal Dr. Kalpana , Bunkar Dr. Shiv Kumar , Devasia Dr. Dony , Verma Dr. Kush
Published: August 2019

Background: Liver is an important and vital organ of the body. This organ is subjected to numerous systemic infections viral, bacterial and parasitic and lies at the distal end of the portal circulation; it is therefore bathed with portal blood containing viruses, bacteria parasites, ova, products of digestion and other antigens.

Methods: This study was a cross sectional study of patients attending surgery department in J L N Medical College, Ajmer Rajasthan. The study was conducted over a period of 1 year on 100 patients of liver abscess.

Results: 3 mortalities were found in amoebic liver abscess patients who had ruptured liver abscess and was undertaken for surgical intervention

Conclusion: We suggest early recognition of clinical features and prompt abdominal USG as cost-effective means for treatment initiation and reducing complications.

Keywords: Amoebic liver abscess, Pyogenic liver abscess, Treatment.
A PRODUÇÃO SOCIAL DOS ESPAÇOS DE LAZER: O CASO DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA, BAHIA-BRASIL
Authors: Mares Rizia Mendes
Published: August 2019

O presente texto analisa a produção dos espaços de lazer na cidade de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil, marcada por relações de clivagens fruto de um processo desigual de estruturação urbana e que na atualidade se complexifica dada às novas lógicas de produção e consumo que tendem a programar as práticas espaciais do lazer. Deste modo, expressa os conflitos que emergem do cotidiano fragmentado, da vida que se realiza em espaços cada vez mais segmentados espacial e socialmente. Nesse sentido, as práticas espaciais do lazer são um importante elemento de análise sobre a produção da cidade não só por abranger a produção espacial como resultado dessa dimensão do cotidiano, mas também, das relações sociais que se reproduzem sob essa mesma lógica. Como instrumento metodológico principal para o debate aqui proposto, utilizamos as informações produzidas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas a diferentes sujeitos-tipo e ao poder público municipal. Uma produção e uso diferenciados do lazer que sinalizam mudanças significativas nos espaços/tempos em que esse elemento se realiza, culminando em um processo de hierarquização nas relações sociais comprometendo a sociabilidade e o acesso à cidade de modo mais amplo.
A PERCEPÇÃO DOS ASSENTADOS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O ENSINO MÉDIO MODULAR E A EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO NO ASSENTAMENTO 26 DE MARÇO EM MARABÁ-PARÁ
Authors: Dos Santos Luciano Laurindo , Cury Mauro José Ferreira
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho retrata uma pesquisa de estudo de caso, a realidade da educação dos sujeitos assentados provenientes da política nacional de reforma agrária em Marabá. Apresenta como esses sujeitos percebem a educação e a análise que fazem a respeito do ensino médio modular (SOME). Buscamos relacionar esta proposta de educação do estado do Pará, Brasil, com a educação apresentada pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST).  Foi necessária a análise de como a escola se apresenta no assentamento, observou-se uma articulação das práticas educativas formal com as prerrogativas propostas pelos assentados. A metodologia utilizada é de cunho bibliográfico, a partir de um estudo de caso com aporte da história oral temática. Os resultados indicam que a educação formal se distancia da proposta educacional defendida pelo MST, a escola do assentamento apresenta-se única e exclusivamente como uma escola no campo. A educação escolar, da maneira como se apresenta neste momento, não parece ser um instrumento capaz de induzir o desenvolvimento social econômico, político e cultural. A pedagogia do MST não se materializou nessa escola. A princípio, na época de acampamento, observou-se que existia uma gestão, por parte do MST, que influenciava nos processos políticos pedagógicos em relação à escola, no entanto, a partir do momento que o governo municipal oficializa a escola, esta passa a ser reconfigurada e ganha novo significado, Em relação ao ensino médio modular, evidenciamos que o programa não possui características de educação do campo, é totalmente adverso aos interesses desses sujeitos, ao passo que não dialoga com a pedagogia do MST.  Palavras-chave: Ensino médio modular; assentamento; educação do campo; educação formal; MST.
DA MODERNIZAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA AO DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE A ATUAÇÃO DO ESTADO BRASILEIRO E A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Pedriali Colnago Ellen Tamires , De Medeiros Hespanhol Rosangela Aparecida
Published: August 2019

Se avaliarmos a atuação do Estado brasileiro sobre o espaço rural, observaremos que suas ações sempre se propuseram a favor da elite agrária, marginalizando outros segmentos sociais. No contexto da modernização da agricultura, ficou claro que o Estado privilegiou os grandes e médios produtores rurais, em detrimento dos pequenos, a partir de um conjunto de políticas criadas, em especial do crédito rural. Nos anos 1990, com o surgimento da abordagem do desenvolvimento territorial e sua adoção pelo governo brasileiro, algumas políticas voltadas ao campo brasileiro passaram a valorizar o pequeno produtor, a exemplo do PRONAF (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar) e, posteriormente, nos anos 2000, com o PAA (Programa de Aquisição de alimentos) e o PNAE (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar), criando novas oportunidades para a obtenção de renda. Dentro deste contexto, este artigo busca destacar a atuação do Estado brasileiro ao longo da história do país, considerando a implantação de políticas públicas, que alteraram as dinâmicas presentes no espaço rural, a partir de um conjunto de elementos que exemplificam cada uma delas.
PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL DO VARJÃO DO RIO PARANAPANEMA, ROSANA-SP: ESTUDO PARA A CRIAÇÃO DE UM CORREDOR ECOLÓGICO, SOB A ÓTICA DO SISTEMA GTP (GEOSSISTEMA-TERRITÓRIO-PAISAGEM)
Authors: Gonçalves Diogo Laércio , Dos Passos Messias Modesto
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo, tem como objetivo o planejamento ambiental da área conhecida como Varjão do rio Paranapanema, no município de Rosana, utilizando a metodologia proposta por Bertrand (1990) do Sistema GTP (Geossistema-Terrritório-Paisagem). Para a caracterização e análise da paisagem, foi realizado o mapeamento do Potencial Ecológico (Geomorfologia-Clima-Hidrografia) e Exploração Ecológica (Vegetação-Solo-Fauna), bem como a análise da legislação ambiental acerca das Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reservas Legais, com o intuito da criação do corredor ecológico para conectividade das mesmas, assim como outras áreas de unidades de conservação próximas ao varjão. Neste contexto, foi realizado uma ampla revisão bibliográfica com temas como: paisagem, geossistema e legislação ambiental. Também foram utilizadas técnicas de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) para a elaboração dos mapas, juntamente com trabalhos de campo para validação das informações. As propostas para a criação do corredor ecológico, teve como base a proposta do Inquérito Civil 263/2010 do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com o intuito de extrair o sentimento da população local para com esta paisagem e avaliar suas intenções para o futuro da área. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pretende-se estabelecer um patamar inicial, acerca da possibilidade da criação deste corredor ecológico, fornecendo este material para Prefeitura Municipal de Rosana, dentre outros órgãos públicos, organizações não-governamentais e população local, com intuito de contribuir para o debate.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Equipe Editorial Revista Formação Online
Published: August 2019

Estimados leitores,
A edição deste número da Revista Formação (Online), além de trazer 13 artigos inéditos para contribuir com a produção científica da Geografia, surge num momento importante para o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UNESP, Campus de Presidente Prudente. Neste ano comemoramos 30 anos da criação do curso. No dia 13 de março de 1988 foi ministrada a primeira aula do curso. No dia 5 de maio de 2018 houve uma sessão pública quando foram registrados vários depoimentos sobre o tema e foi prestada uma homenagem àquele que ministrou a primeira aula: Prof. Dr. Dióres Santos Abreu. Sua fala está registrada neste número, assim como os depoimentos do Prof. Dr. Everaldo Santos Melazzo (coordenador do programa) e da Profa. Titular Maria Encarnação Beltrão Sposito (presidente da CPA da UNESP e docente credenciada no programa) que homenageou o docente da primeira aula. Os textos têm o objetivo de registrar esse importante momento que precisa ficar na memória de todos aqueles que ajudaram, como docentes, como mestrandos, como doutorandos ou como servidores, a construir o programa em toda sua plenitude até chegar ao momento atual, com a nota 7 atribuída pela CAPES.
DIÓRES: TRÊS ATOS E ALGUNS ‘CONCEITOS’ SOBRE O HOMENAGEADO
Authors: Sposito Maria Encarnação Beltrão
Published: August 2019

Homenagem ao Professor Doutor Dióres Santos Abreu
AS POLÍTICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TURISMO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTARÉM-PARÁ-BRASIL
Authors: Cordovil José Carlos
Published: August 2019

A relação entre desenvolvimento e turismo, como estratégia espacial, é fomentada nas diferentes escalas através de ações deliberadas no âmbito do poder público. Nestes termos, o presente artigo aborda a crescente importância do turismo, como estratégia para o desenvolvimento, e as ações deliberadas no âmbito do poder público, que resultam no incremento da atividade. Tendo como foco de análise as políticas públicas de turismo o trabalho procura identificar as políticas, que direta ou indiretamente contribuíram para o incremento do turismo no Município de Santarém no Estado do Pará, tendo em vista as modalidades incentivadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados incluíram a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A partir do delineamento desses procedimentos verificou-se que, a partir dos diversos programas e planos criados para impulsionar o turismo na Amazônia, o município de Santarém foi inserido diretamente destacando-se como um destino turístico prioritário voltado especialmente para a prática do ecoturismo.
URBANIZAÇÃO EXTENSIVA E CIDADES PEQUENAS EM CONTEXTOS DE PRODUÇÃO ENERGÉTICA NA RAIA DO RIO URUGUAI
Authors: Lemos João Henrique Zöehler
Published: August 2019

Com o intuito de construir um debate sobre as cidades pequenas e a noção de urbanização extensiva, parte-se neste texto da análise da sociedade urbano-industrial contemporânea, a qual exige a produção de territórios que permitam a sustentação do modo de acumulação vigente, parte que forma a totalidade do sistema capitalista. Estas especificidades estão diretamente ligadas ao espaço urbano, do qual emerge a vida quotidiana que está vinculada a um ciclo (re)produtivo, dependente de diversos fatores, entre eles o consumo constante de energia elétrica. Embora muitas vezes deixadas de lado, as cidades pequenas cumprem um papel de relevância na rede urbana, onde se constituem como espaços de atendimento de necessidades externas, como fornecimento de mão-de-obra, matéria-prima e, neste caso, a produção energética. Neste contexto, os municípios limítrofes de Itá (SC)/Aratiba (RS) e Anita Garibaldi (SC)/Pinhal da Serra (RS) inserem-se como ambientes ligados ao complexo sistema energético nacional, servindo de base para os grandes centros industriais localizados a grandes distâncias. Estas cidades são analisadas através de um aporte teórico que permita compreender, preliminarmente, as suas (re)fucionalizações frente ao avanço de investimentos oriundos de diversos agentes, expressos sobretudo na implantação de usinas hidrelétricas localizadas em seus territórios, as quais a partir disso, provocam mudanças na paisagem e nas relações sociais em áreas rurais e urbanas.
AVIFAUNA DA CIDADE DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE: ANÁLISE DE REGISTROS ORNITOLÓGICOS DE QUATRO ÁREAS DA CIDADE.
Authors: Matos Rubens de Jesus
Published: August 2019

ResumoEste artigo utiliza como recorte de estudo quatro localidades do município de Presidente Prudente que foram estudadas, em diferentes momentos, à distribuição da sua avifauna local e sua relação com o meio. O presente artigo buscou informações em trabalhos publicados em revista e congressos e excursões de campo, todos utilizando a mesma metodologia, fotografia, registro de som e observação no campo e publicadas como inventário da avifauna. Para a apresentação das informações construímos uma tabela com todos os registros dos artigos e com os registros do site especializado em identificação de aves de ornitólogos profissionais e amadores (wikiaves) a fim de compararmos as informações e identificar os fatores que influenciam a colonização destas aves. É intenção deste trabalho, divulgar a diversidade da avifauna existente nos campi das universidades e áreas verdes da cidade, fornecer material para as novas pesquisas biogeográficas e biomonitoramento utilizando as aves como bioindicadoras, além de contribuir com outras áreas do conhecimento.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTURA POMERANA NA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO NO EXTREMO SUL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Pitano Sandro de Castro , Romig Karen Laiz
Published: August 2019

A influência pomerana na transformação espacial do extremo sul do Rio Grande do Sul caracteriza-se pelo impacto cultural que exerceu na região, cujos traços permanecem explícitos. Diante das dificuldades enfrentadas em seu território durante o século XIX, muitos pomeranos migraram para o Brasil e estabeleceram-se, principalmente, na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Após a imigração mantiveram seus costumes, superstições, língua e práticas religiosas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento das colônias e municípios. Por meio da atividade agrícola, foram modificando o espaço sob uma concepção produtiva e espacial híbrida, forjada em meio a processos culturais interativos.  Este artigo visa identificar e descrever os principais elementos reveladores de que a cultura pomerana, inserida ativamente no território gaúcho imprimiu nele profundas transformações. Apoiando-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, evidencia a influência cultural pomerana e o seu papel histórico no desenvolvimento territorial do extremo sul do Rio Grande do Sul, gerando transformações marcantes no espaço geográfico.