bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriorhodopsin of purple membrane reverses anisotropy outside the pH range of proton pumping based on logic gate realization
Authors: Mostafa Hamdy I. A. , Elfiki Abdo A.
Published: November 2024

The bacteriorhodopsin of purple membrane is the first discovered light-sensing protein among ion transporting microbial rhodopsins, some of which (e.g. Archaerhodopsin 3) could be broadly used as tools in optogenetics having wide potential of medical applications. Since its discovery as early as in 1971, bacteriorhodopsin has attracted wide interests in nano-biotechnology, particularly in optoelectronics devices. Therefore, the present work has been motivated due to two topics; firstly, anisotropy demand became indispensible in bioelectronics; secondly, the stationary level of electric response in bacteriorhodopsin within the pH range of proton pumping (pH 3 – pH 10) implies, in turn, raising here a question about whether the electric anisotropy is implicated for reducing (or switching off) such level beyond such pH range. Noteworthy is that the purple membrane converts to blue form upon acidification, while to reddish purple form upon alkalization. In the present study, the acidic and alkaline forms of bacteriorhodopsin have exhibited most probable state of reversal for the dielectric anisotropy around pH 2.5 and pH 10.5, respectively. This is underscored by proposing a correlation seemingly found between disassembly of the crystalline structure of bacteriorhodopsin and the reversal of dielectric anisotropy, at such acidic and alkaline reversal pH’s, in terms of the essence of the crystalline lattice. Most importantly, the results have substantiated dual frequency characteristics and logic gate-based dielectric anisotropy reversal to bacteriorhodopsin, which may implicate it for potential applications in bioelectronics.
Enhancing dysarthric speech recognition through SepFormer and hierarchical attention network models with multistage transfer learning
Authors: Vinotha R. , Hepsiba D. , Vijay Anand L. D. , Andrew J. , Jennifer Eunice R.
Published: November 2024

Dysarthria, a motor speech disorder that impacts articulation and speech clarity, presents significant challenges for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. This study proposes a groundbreaking approach to enhance the accuracy of Dysarthric Speech Recognition (DSR). A primary innovation lies in the integration of the SepFormer-Speech Enhancement Generative Adversarial Network (S-SEGAN), an advanced generative adversarial network tailored for Dysarthric Speech Enhancement (DSE), as a front-end processing stage for DSR systems. The S-SEGAN integrates SEGAN’s adversarial learning with SepFormer speech separation capabilities, demonstrating significant improvements in performance. Furthermore, a multistage transfer learning approach is employed to assess the DSR models for both word-level and sentence-level DSR. These DSR models are first trained on a large speech dataset (LibriSpeech) and then fine-tuned on dysarthric speech data (both isolated and augmented). Evaluations demonstrate significant DSR accuracy improvements in DSE integration. The Dysarthric Speech (DS)-baseline models (without DSE), Transformer and Conformer achieved Word Recognition Accuracy (WRA) percentages of 68.60% and 69.87%, respectively. The introduction of Hierarchical Attention Network (HAN) with the Transformer and Conformer architectures resulted in improved performance, with T-HAN achieving a WRA of 71.07% and C-HAN reaching 73%. The Transformer model with DSE + DSR for isolated words achieves a WRA of 73.40%, while that of the Conformer model reaches 74.33%. Notably, the T-HAN and C-HAN models with DSE + DSR demonstrate even more substantial enhancements, with WRAs of 75.73% and 76.87%, respectively. Augmenting words further boosts model performance, with the Transformer and Conformer models achieving WRAs of 76.47% and 79.20%, respectively. Remarkably, the T-HAN and C-HAN models with DSE + DSR and augmented words exhibit WRAs of 82.13% and 84.07%, respectively, with C-HAN displaying the highest performance among all proposed models.
Metabolic reprogramming in saliva of mice treated with the environmental and tobacco carcinogen dibenzo[def, p]chrysene
Authors: Sun Yuan-Wan , Chen Kun-Ming , Aliaga Cesar , El-Bayoumy Karam
Published: November 2024

The goal of this study is to develop a non-invasive approach for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using our established mouse model that faithfully recapitulates the human disease. We present for the first time a comparative metabolomic profiling of saliva samples of the tobacco smoke constituent, dibenzo[def, p]pyrene, (DB[a, l]P) vs. DMSO (control)-treated mice using an established and highly sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. DB[a, l]P was administered by topical application into the mouse oral cavity (25 µmol, 3x week for 6 weeks) and saliva was collected 24 h after the last dose of carcinogen administration. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach (negative and positive modes), we found that DB[a, l]P differentially altered several metabolites known to be involved in the carcinogenesis process when compared to DMSO. Of particular significance, we found that DB[a, l]P significantly enriched the levels of phosphatidic acid, known to bind and activate mTORC which can enhance proliferation and promote carcinogenesis. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DB[a, l]P altered two major lipid metabolism pathways (phospholipid biosynthesis and glycerolipid metabolism). Collectively, our results using saliva as a safe and non-invasive approach, provide additional mechanistic insights on DB[a, l]P-induced OSCC and potential biomarkers for early detection and an opportunity for cancer interception via reprogramming lipid metabolism.
The arms race of ray-finned fish against the derepression of LTR retroelements
Authors: Carotti Elisa , Tittarelli Edith , Carducci Federica , Barucca Marco , Canapa Adriana , Biscotti Maria Assunta
Published: November 2024

Transposable elements (TEs) are dynamic components of eukaryotic genomes that are important in speciation. Evolutionary pressure has led to the evolution of silencing mechanisms, such as the involvement of Krüppel box-associated zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) that regulate TE transcription via TRIM28-mediated NuRD complex recruitment in sarcopterygians. The transcriptional activity of genes that encode proteins of the NuRD complex was also detected in actinopterygians, even though genes encoding crucial proteins such as TRIM28 and KRAB-ZNF are missing in this evolutionary lineage. This study hypothesized that TRIM33 could serve as a replacement for TRIM28 in this lineage and suggested an evolutionary relationship between the sarcopterygian KRAB-ZFPs, the actinopterygian KRAB-like ZNFs and the fish N-terminal zinc-associated domain (FiNZ) ZNFs that are specific to cyprinids. Through coimmunoprecipitation analyses conducted in the basal teleost Anguilla marmorata and the cyprinid Danio rerio, we evaluated the interaction of TRIM33 with the KRAB-like and FiNZ ZFPs. Moreover, we explored the expression profiles of TEs and genes that encode proteins that are potentially involved in their silencing during zebrafish development. Our results may provide new evidence for more thoroughly understanding the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the adaptation of ray-finned fish.
Protein digestibility and techno-functional performance of milk-alternative prototypes based on combinations of lentil and cereal protein
Authors: Boeck Theresa , Nyhan Laura , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke K.
Published: November 2024

The combination of lentil protein with oat, rice, brewer’s spent grain, or wheat protein at optimized amino acid ratios offers improved protein quality (assessed by INFOGEST method), functionality and stability of milk-alternatives.
Construction of five- and seven-membered rings facilitated by alkyne–azide functionality: access to quinoline fused triazolo-azepines
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Panchal Jigar , Sharma Vishal , Sharma Shubham , Sharma Pooja , Singh Virender
Published: November 2024

An intramolecular 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition method produced new quinoline-fused triazolo-azepine compounds. This approach can also produce triazolo-azepine compounds from pyridine and tetralone adducts.
Photoinitiated thermoset polymerization through controlled release of metathesis catalysts encapsulated in poly(phthalaldehyde)
Authors: Davydovich Oleg , Lewis Josephine , Romero Mikayla , Deitz Julia , C'deBaca Francesca , Schwartz Jared M. , Engler Anthony C. , Kohl Paul A. , Leguizamon Samuel C. , Jones Brad H.
Published: November 2024

Frontal polymerization of dicyclopentadiene initiated by UV-degradable catalyst microparticles with excellent resin stability and tenability.
Suppressing non-radiative relaxation in a NIR single photon emitter: the impact of deuteration and temperature
Authors: Mishra Krishna , Wu Zehua , Erker Christian , Müllen Klaus , Basché Thomas
Published: November 2024

Deuteration suppresses the weakly temperature dependent internal conversion (IC) and turns dibenzoterrylene molecules into bright single photon emitters, in agreement with the predictions of the well-known energy-gap law.
Green initiative: Building sustainable organic rice agribusiness in Malang Raya
Authors: Ariadi Bambang Yudi , Relawati Rahayu
Published: November 2024

This study highlights the importance of sustainability in the organic rice agribusiness of Malang Raya, which has significant potential due to its fertile land but faces challenges such as high production costs, limited market access, and insufficient knowledge about organic practices among farmers. The research aims to identify and analyze these key issues and develop effective sustainable organic rice agribusiness strategies. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study involves in-depth interviews and surveys with farmers, agribusiness entrepreneurs, and organic agriculture experts, along with a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to provide a thorough assessment. Findings reveal that limited access to information and organic farming technologies, combined with suboptimal government and institutional support, are major problems. However, the substantial market potential and strong consumer interest in organic products present significant growth opportunities. The study underscores the need for enhanced collaboration between government, research institutions, and farming communities to strengthen the organic rice agribusiness ecosystem. Recommendations include intensive farmer training, improved market access through partnerships with e-commerce and supermarkets, and strengthened regulations supporting organic farming.
Optimization of nutrient formulation and medium flow using automatic nutrient film technique hydroponics system on mizuna (Brassica rapa Nipponisica) cultivation
Authors: Iriany Aniek , Muhidin  , Machmudi  , Hasanah Faridlotul
Published: November 2024

Mizuna, or Japanese mustard greens, is a highly popular plant in Indonesia, with wide market availability and high economic price, among other green vegetables. Mizuna cultivation using an automatic nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system will produce better quality and quantity and efficient use of fertilizers and electricity. This study aimed to find the best concentration of nutrients to support the growth of mizuna and determine the flow time of hydroponic media suitable for mizuna cultivation. The study was designed using RCBD with two treatment factors, namely nutrient formulation (four nutrient formulations and water as control) and medium flow time (three levels of switch-off time i.e 15, 45, and 60 min). Growth observation data were analyzed using variance (ANOVA), then the multiple comparison test was continued with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at α level 5%. Different nutrient sources in this study did not significantly affect the growth variables of mizuna, but mizuna grown in a nutrient medium did significantly show better growth than control. This study found that all of the flow time treatments (15, 45, and 60 minutes off) also gave statistically similar results on the growth of mizuna in the NFT hydroponic system.
The rational choice of vegetable farmers in the revocation of fertilizer subsidies
Authors: Ibrahim Jabal Tarik , Mufriantie Fithri , Feni Rita , Fauzi Komarudin Mohammad
Published: November 2024

This research aims to elucidate farmers’ thoughts about the revocation of fertilizer subsidies, explore the rational actions behind their decision to deal with the fertilizer shortage due to the costly prices and develop actionable plans to support farmers regarding subsidized fertilizer revocation. The results show that farmers understand the policy of fertilizer subsidy revocation as a form of the government’s workload. Since farmers think that the government pays little attention, they hope it will change its fertilizer subsidy policy. Demography-wise, older farmers are still hoping for fertilizer subsidies, while young farmers are more realistic and have shifted to producing organic fertilizer and other alternatives. Notably, farmers respond to the scarcity of subsidised fertilizer through preferencebased actions and existing resources. Based on these two, farmers’ rational choices are classified into five actions: Using non-subsidized fertilizers, using subsidized fertilizers illegally, reducing the use of subsidized fertilizers on other commodities – leaving the rest for vegetables, using organic fertilizers of self-made or store-bought, and choose to not fertilize. The manufacture and use of organic fertilizer from local raw materials have not been implemented.
Physical and flavor qualities of cocoa beans affected by different box fermenter capacity, fermentation length, and microbial cultures
Authors: Husna Afifa , Saputra Agatha , Harini Noor , Wahyudi Vritta , Anggriani Rista , Manshur Hanif , Elianarni Dahlia
Published: November 2024

Indonesia is one of the world’s cocoa producers, yet the quality of its cocoa production remains relatively low. To enhance this quality, cocoa bean fermentation is crucial. A study was conducted to assess the impact of different fermentation conditions on cocoa bean quality. Two fermentation boxes were used: a 10-kilogram capacity (K1) and a 20kilogram capacity (K2) fermentor. The fermentation process involved different treatments, including spontaneous fermentation (Y0), and inoculated with different bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum (Y1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Y2), and combination (Y3). The fermentation was carried out over three different periods: 3 (W1), 4 (W2), and five days (W3). Several parameters were observed throughout the process, including the final composition of the fermented beans, precise temperature, pH levels, and the physical quality of the cocoa beans.Additionally, flavour attributes were analysed using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The flavour profile evaluated included cacao intensity, degree of roasting, bitterness, astringency, total acidity, fruity notes, acetic acid, lactic acid, and mineral and butyric characteristics. The result showed that fermentation using a combination of microorganisms showed the lowest percentage of cocoa per 100 g and slaty beans. The flavor quality showed various results according to the fermentor capacity and the microorganism used as a starter.
Sustainable development of bioenergy and soil enhancement based on Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma) oil and bioprocessing waste
Authors: Sulistyo Joko , Dewi Irra Chrisyanti
Published: November 2024

Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma) presents numerous advantages over other biofuel-producing plants due to its straightforward processing and high oil yields. This makes it a viable solution for reducing fossil fuel consumption by producing sustainable biofuels. This study aims to explore the potential of Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma) as a sustainable source of biofuel to reduce fossil fuel consumption. The study employed a bioprocessing method that includes oil extraction and bioprocessing of solid waste into soil enhancers through enzymatic composting fermentation. The results indicate that Kemiri Sunan produces high yields of enzymatically hydrolyzed oil suitable for biofuel production and offers sustainable energy output for up to 50 years. In addition, the solid waste generated during processing can be effectively utilized to enhance soil quality, contributing to sustainable organic fertilizer production. In conclusion, Kemiri Sunan is a promising candidate for bioenergy due to its efficient oil production, minimal environmental impact, and simplified policy framework, as it avoids the food-energy conflicts associated with crops like palm oil. Its cultivation of degraded land ensures sustainability, making it a valuable future resource for green energy.
An Automatic Watering System Based on an Arduino Microcontroller and Soil Moisture Sensors with Solar Panel Power Plant
Authors: Anugrah Rinasa Agistya , Sika Rino Rian , Sunardi  , Marcell Telly
Published: November 2024

The large eggplant farming land often makes it difficult for farmers to water. In addition, the water content in the soil does not meet the minimum requirement, which is 80%-90%. Hence, adequate watering with a high level of accuracy is necessary. This study aims to design and invent an automatic watering system for eggplant farming land with an area of 150 m2. The method was to design automatic sprinklers using programming and fritzing software using Arduino IDE. Soil moisture data was obtained from the soil moisture sensor and displayed on the I2c LCD so that farmers could monitor the soil moisture level. The pump used PB-WH1100BCP with a specification of 1100 W with a discharge of 145 l/minute and a head of 30 m. This automatic watering system was supplied with a 500 Wp photovoltaic solar cell with a current value of 2 A, and a voltage of 20V was obtained when the sun was shining and could work effectively for 6 hours per day. To store electric current, this system was equipped with a VRLA 12V- 200Ah battery connected in series, and the current charging was controlled by the Solar Charge Controller (SCC). It can supply electric current to the pump for 24 hours. This automatic watering system has been tested and functions well on eggplant farmland.
Correlation between rainfall and the incident of leptospirosis in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Kesetyaningsih Tri Wulandari , Suryani Lilis , Sulistyo Bambang
Published: November 2024

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease, with the urine of mice and other carrier animals as the main source of infection, transmitted through direct contact with urine or water contaminated with the carrier’s urine. In Indonesia, Bantul Regency has the highest cases of leptospirosis in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. This study analyzed the correlation between rainfall and the incidence of leptospirosis in Bantul Regency. An analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design was utilized. The relation between the rainfall variable per district from 2010 to 2023 and the incidence of leptospirosis was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. The results unveiled that leptospirosis fluctuated in all districts (42 to 168 cases per year), with an average annual rainfall falling between 136 to 237 mm. The geographical distribution revealed that leptospirosis occurred more frequently in urban areas, and Spearman’s rank correlation proved that leptospirosis is correlated positively with rainfall (p = 0.009; r = 0.372). These results indicate that rainfall could serve as a predictor in a prediction model for the incidence of leptospirosis in Bantul Regency. Leptospirosis control has been focused more on urban areas; hence, vigilance needs to be carried out and encouraged during the rainy season.
Enhancing Flow Direction in Geothermal Fields Using Sentinel-1 Data for Sustainability Water Management
Authors: Utama Widya , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara , Handayani Hepi Hapsari , Indriani Rista Fitri
Published: November 2024

This study develops a flow direction prediction model using Sentinel-1 satellite imagery during rainy and dry seasons through the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The pre-processing stage includes radiometric calibration, terrain flattening, speckle filtering, and Doppler terrain correction. The processed DEM data is used to extract key topographic parameters: elevation, slope, and curvature, which are then utilized in the model. The model is built with 500 trees (n.trees), using a mtry of 2 for the rainy season and 3 for the dry season, and out-of-bag (OOB) error estimates of 8.76% and 9.32%, respectively. Model evaluation, conducted through a confusion matrix, reveals high performance, with average Overall Accuracy, Kappa Accuracy, User Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity all at 0.98 or above. The analysis shows that during the rainy season, flow direction predominantly shifts northeast (16.48%), while in the dry season, it shifts northwest (16.85%). Slope significantly influences flow direction, with feature importance scores of 60.76% in the rainy season and 63.53% in the dry season. Slope is crucial as it dictates the speed and direction of water flow under gravity. This model could significantly contribute to geothermal field management by accurately predicting surface water flow, enhancing monitoring, and promoting sustainable water resource management.
Green technology in language teaching and learning for sustainable environment: A review study
Authors: Seraj Prodhan Mahbub Ibna
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, Technology is commonly used in language classrooms for learning and teaching. As teachers get assistance and make language classes real, so do learners. On the other hand, keeping the environment clean and fresh for future generations is one of the time- demanding concepts for using technology as environment-friendly in language classrooms. Thus, this systematic review paper will investigate how the conceptual framework of green technology materializes in language classrooms by researchers and leave insights for further research. To do this, the researcher investigated published research works in Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald, and ScienceDirect. The results of this study identified different conceptual frameworks for integrating green technology in language pedagogies, e.g., Green Social Media in Language Teaching (GSMLT) and Green Language Teaching Approach (GLTA). Context‐ aware ubiquitous language learning (CAULL), Green Pedagogy (GP), Project-based Language Learning with Technology (PBLLT), Green Screens (GS), and Online Language Pedagogy (OLP). The findings also emphasized increasing awareness of GT among ELT stakeholders. In a nutshell, the study's findings will contribute to the literature on GT in ELT (English language teaching and learning).
The utilization of salt particles from seaweed processing by-products for low-sodium salt production
Authors: Amir Nizar , Efendy Makhfud , Pratiwi Wiwit Sri Werdi , Wahyu Fiki Milatul , Efendy Mochamad Yusuf , Gozan Misri , Chan Caroline
Published: November 2024

Utilizing mechanical rotary and sieve separators to collect salt particles from the surface of dried Eucheuma cottonii represents an innovative methodological approach. In this study, a mechanical rotary separator was employed to separate impurities like salt particles, mud, stones, and seaweed chunks from the surface of the dried Eucheuma cottonii. Following that, a multi-layer vibro sieve separator was employed to separate the salt particles from impurities. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the separation duration in both equipment for separating impurities on the surface of the dried Eucheuma cottonii, and collecting salt particles from the impurities. Mass balance is utilized to calculate, quantify, and analyze the distribution of impurities mass throughout the entire process line. Impurities produced during the process were characterized using a binocular stereo microscope (Olympus SZ30). The sodium content in the salt particle produced was analyzed using the titration method. The study showed that using a mechanical rotary separator for about 3 minutes on 500 grams of dried Eucheuma cottonii generated 7.6 grams of impurities. Using the multi-layer vibro sieve separator, only 3.8 grams of the initial 7.6 grams of impurities were identified as uncontaminated salt particles. As a result, these salt particles contain a minimum of 60% sodium chloride, presenting a viable alternative to table salt as a low-sodium source. This research demonstrates a significant contribution through its effective methodology for extracting salt particles from dried Eucheuma cottonii, indicating its potential as a viable source of low-sodium salt.
The Influence of entrepreneurship determinants on traditional culinary business performance in The Bangkalan District
Authors: Safira R. Anisa Indriyana , Destiarni Resti Prastika , Fauziyah Elys
Published: November 2024

Traditional culinary is a product made from local raw materials processed using unique methods and has distinctive characteristics. However, despite its leading role as a potential culinary business substance, traditional culinary business players tend to pay little attention to their business performance. This research was conducted on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Bangkalan District, which were selected purposively. This research was conducted with the aims of (1) Identifying and describing the characteristics of traditional culinary MSMEs in Bangkalan District and (2) Analyzing the influence of entrepreneurial characteristics, motivation, and innovation on business performance in traditional culinary MSMEs in Bangkalan District. This research was carried out using a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis methods and path analysis. The research results show that entrepreneurial motivation and innovation positively and significantly influence business performance. Entrepreneurial characteristics have entirely a direct but not significant influence on business performance. Meanwhile, the results of path analysis show that the characteristics and motivation of entrepreneurs through entrepreneurial innovation do not have a significant influence on business performance, meaning that entrepreneurial innovation cannot mediate the variables of entrepreneurial characteristics and motivation on business performance.
Assessment of groundwater metals contamination using geoelectric methods and pollution index around nickel mine Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sugiono Nur Robithotul , Masitoh Ferryati , Mararis Denis , Kurniawan
Published: November 2024

Nickel mining operations can significantly impact groundwater quality by releasing metallic contaminants. This study aims to quantify metal concentrations in groundwater quality changes at nickel mining sites in Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency. The study employs the Wenner configuration geoelectric technique and Pollution Index (IP) to assess metal pollution in groundwater. Geoelectric data, log borings, laboratory results of groundwater quality, and regional geological maps were used in the study. Water sample analysis detected toxic elements such as Aluminum, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Hexavalent Chromium, Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, and Lead. Geoelectric analysis shows that groundwater is generally found within fracture zones of igneous and metamorphic rocks at depths between 2 and 100 meters. The Pollution Index (IP) categorized the groundwater samples as moderately contaminated, failing to meet drinking water quality standards. The analysis suggests that the groundwater originates from fissures in ultramafic rock, with significant metal contamination detected in groundwater wells. Metal content in groundwater occurs due to the interaction between rocks and groundwater. The study results also show that the groundwater pollution index is in the light category. However, the levels of heavy metals mean that groundwater cannot be directly used to fulfill needs. Further processing of groundwater is necessary so that groundwater can be used.
Sustainability Status of the SoBurbang Agropolitan Area in Bangkalan District Based on Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS)
Authors: Qomariyah Nor , Hayati Mardiyah
Published: November 2024

Despite agriculture being the backbone of Indonesia's economy, rural poverty remains a significant challenge due to low productivity, limited market access, and unstable commodity prices. The agropolitan concept, which integrates the agricultural sector with other economic activities such as processing industry and tourism, is proposed as a solution to improve rural welfare. Designated as an Agropolitan Area since 2005, Bangkalan Regency is being developed to support food and horticultural commodities. This study employs Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Rapfish software to evaluate the sustainability of the region across environmental, economic, social, technological, infrastructural, and policy dimensions. The SoBurbang Agropolitan Area's development ranges from less than sustainable to quite sustainable, with a sustainability index of 41.45-57.58 percent. Environmental sustainability is hindered by high land conversion rates. Economically, despite market and technological opportunities, capital access remains challenging. Social and policy factors significantly influence sustainability, while technological and infrastructural aspects require further enhancement. This study underscores the need for integrated development strategies to boost the sustainability of agropolitan areas. The validated model, with a high accuracy level, serves as a foundation for future sustainable development strategies.
Analysis of the Impact of ground vibration on the blast zone within a 200-meter radius based on the values of peak particle velocity and peak vector sum at CV. Handika Karya, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Saptono Singgih , Lestari Ni Kadek Sintya Dwi
Published: November 2024

CV. Handika Karya is a private mining company that focuses on andesite mining and operates in Hargorejo Village, Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency. To ensure the achievement of production goals, the exposure action is carried out through a blasting process. The use of the blasting method can cause a blasting effect due to ground vibrations and has the potential to cause damage to surrounding buildings. Civilians were within a 200 m radius of the explosion site. Controlling the resulting vibrations is essential to ensure the comfort of nearby civilians. The measurement location is divided into four areas considering direction, distance, elevation difference to the slope face, and the presence of buildings. After conducting research to determine the value of peak particle velocity (PPV) and the value of peak vector sum (PVS), there are incidents where the PPV value exceeds 3 mm/s and the PVS value exceeds 5 mm/s, which has exceeded the specified limits. Therefore, an updated review of seismic wave values is necessary. Data analysis was carried out using Scaled Distance Theory with the parameters of the distance from the blasting location to the measurement location and the maximum mass of explosives, using a safe limit value approach according to SNI 7571:2010. The first objective of this research is to determine the maximum amount of explosive mass that can be used for blasting while maintaining a PPV value of less than 3 mm/s within a radius of 200 m from the blasting location. After the analysis, it was discovered that the maximum mass of explosives was 83.4 kg/delay. The second objective is to determine the effect of ground vibrations at various measurement locations.
Investigating Antibiotic Effects on Trichoderma sp. Growth and Virulence: A Basis for CRISPR-Cas9 Preparation
Authors: Purnomo Hari , Wafa Ali , Hasanah Himmatul , Nawangsari Putri , Megasari Dita , Wardhana April Hari , Khoiri Syaiful
Published: November 2024

Trichoderma sp. is an antagonistic fungus that is used as a biological control. Understanding how antibiotics affect Trichoderma sp. growth and virulence is critical for developing effective CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing strategies. However, implementing CRISPR-Cas9 technology in Trichoderma requires a comprehensive understanding of how external factors, such as antibiotic exposure, affect the fungus’s growth and virulence over successive generations. Antibiotics long-term effects on fungal physiology remain unclear. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the impact of antibiotic treatment on Trichoderma sp., laying the groundwork for effective and precise genetic modifications using CRISPR-Cas9. Five types of antibiotics used for this test are Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin sulphate, Kanamycin Meiji, Penicillin Meiji, and Tetracycline HCI. The study found that several antibiotics accelerated the growth of Trichoderma sp., allowing the fungus to fill a petri dish in under 5 days. However, this rapid growth was delayed in subcultures over five generations. Although the color of the fungus did not vary much across treatments, subtle changes in density and brightness were detected in each generation using the "color grab" application, with these attributes diminishing over time. Spore density in the fourth generation, particularly under chloramphenicol and gentamicin treatments, differed from other antibiotics. Germination rates were initially high (≥70%) but decreased with each generation. The fungus maintained strong virulence against Fusarium sp., with inhibition rates ≥50%, and exhibited mycoparasitism, characterized by hyphal growth at the Fusarium sp. colony edges. This research contributes to understanding how antibiotic exposure affects the long-term growth, spore density, and virulence of Trichoderma sp., providing essential insights for optimizing its use in biocontrol and genetic engineering applications.
Research on the Strategy of Secondary Utilization of Environmental Protection Materials in Traditional Mountain Dwellings
Authors: Yang Yue , Chen Bin
Published: November 2024

In the context of global sustainable development, the preservation and renovation of traditional dwellings have garnered significant attention. As an important cultural heritage, the ecological protection of mountainous traditional dwellings is of great significance. This paper explores strategies for the secondary utilization of eco-friendly materials in mountainous traditional dwellings. First, through literature research, domestic and international research results on the application of eco-friendly materials were collected and analyzed. Then, a field investigation was conducted on representative mountainous traditional dwellings in China to record the usage of existing building materials and their environmental impact. Next, through interdisciplinary research, the physical and ecological performance of various eco-friendly materials, including indicators such as strength, density, durability, and carbon footprint, were evaluated, and strategies for their secondary utilization were proposed. Finally, taking the Peng’s Residence as an example, the secondary utilization of eco-friendly materials in this dwelling and the implementation effects were analyzed. The study found that the reuse of eco-friendly materials can not only reduce resource consumption and environmental impact but also enhance the ecological and economic benefits of buildings, providing new ideas and methods for the preservation and renovation of traditional dwellings.
Flash Boiling Combustion Performance of Ethanol Fuel in Controlled Reaction Environment
Authors: Liu Gaoling , Cui Mingli , Luo Xulin , Wang Guodong , Yao Bowei , Li Xuesong
Published: November 2024

The utilization of alternative fuels such as alcohols and ethers has received substantial attention for the purpose of carbon neutralization and replacing traditional fossil fuels. However, the combustion of pure alternative fuels, for instance, pure ethanol, is relatively more challenging due to its lower volatility and heat released. This research aims to study the combustion of pure ethanol fuel (E100) in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with optical access. Flash boiling atomization via elevating the fuel temperature is adopted to improve fuel atomization and consequential combustions. Various diagnostics methods, such as high-speed color imaging, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) techniques are used to investigate the combustion characteristics of the sub-cooled and flash boiling combustion. It is shown that flash boiling combustion can effectively suppress the formation of soot aggregates by both eliminating pool fires and reducing the occurrence of rich pockets during premixed combustions.
Comparative Study on Sedimentation Behavior of Polyacrylamide under Changes in Organic Matter and Clay Content in Sediment
Authors: Dong Shijun , Huang Yinghao , Wu Min
Published: November 2024

With the advancement of water treatment projects in China, sediment treatment faces challenges such as high water content, slow settlement, and demanding dewatering. This study explores the settling effects of different organic synthetic flocculants (APAM, CPAM, NPAM) under varying viscous particles and organic matter content to optimize flocculant selection and improve dewatering efficiency. A volumetric sedimentation experiment evaluated flocculation performance, controlling viscous particles (15%, 35%, 55%) and organic matter (15 g/kg, 40 g/kg, 65 g/kg, 90 g/kg). Results showed that APAM performed best in high viscous particle conditions; CPAM was stable across varying organic matter levels, making it suitable for complex environments; NPAM excelled under high organic matter conditions. The study highlighted interactions between flocculant type, dosage, and silt properties, offering an optimization strategy for sediment treatment. It concludes that APAM suits high viscous particle and low-medium organic matter environments, CPAM is optimal for diverse conditions, and NPAM is effective in high organic matter scenarios. Future work should optimize application strategies, explore new flocculants, and validate their effects in practical applications.
Research on Technology Selection Decision of Energy-saving Renovation of Public Buildings Driven by Carbon Trading
Authors: Chen Ting , Qin Jian , Luo Yangfan , Zheng Changji , Chen Tao
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the decision of energy-saving renovation scheme of public buildings, based on the comprehensive income of energy-saving and carbon trading, this paper establishes the energy-saving, carbon reduction and economic benefit models of six technologies, such as: enclosure structure ( trading, this paper established the energy-saving, carbon reduction and economic benefit models of six technologies, such as: enclosure structure ( wall and form) renovation, lighting renovation, air conditioning optimization, air-conditioning optimization, energy-saving and carbon trading. wall and form) renovation, lighting renovation, air conditioning optimization, roof PV and boiler power replacement. The decision-making method of transformation scheme under the fluctuation of energy-saving and carbon trading is as follows The decision-making method of transformation scheme under the fluctuation of electricity price and carbon trading price is constructed with the help of multiple regression algorithm. Breaking through the traditional experience empowerment evaluation model, the optimal initial investment amount and the weighting and priority of various technology selection decisions are deduced. Breaking through the traditional experience empowerment evaluation model, the optimal initial investment amount and the weighting and priority of various technology selection decisions are deduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by combining engineering cases, aiming to provide reference for owners to Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by combining engineering cases, aiming to provide reference for owners to flexibly respond to the energy and carbon trading market and precise energy saving.
Research on Characteristics of Directional Impulse Sound Sources in a U-shape Connected Well
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2024

The traditional U-shaped connected well connection technology mainly relies on the magnetic steering technology to guide the connection of the two wells, but the magnetic steering technology has the disadvantage of short detection distance. In order to increase the detection distance and ensure precise communication between the two wells, a new type of acoustic wave connection technology based on the impulse sound source was proposed in this paper. Firstly, an experimental study on the underwater impulse sound source was conducted and the characteristics of the sound source were analyzed in detail. The results show that the impulse sound source is a wide-band, high-energy, high-conversion efficiency source signal. The research on the sound field characteristics of the U-shaped connected well based on the impulse sound source can accurately locate the azimuth and distance of the target cased well, and provide technical support for guiding the drill bit to connect the target wellbore.
Superconductive modifications of gallium in bulk specimens
Authors: Klimenko A. G. , Matizen É. V. , Starikov M. A.
Published: November 2024

Metastable modifications previously observed only under special conditions have been detected in bulk specimens of pure gallium. These modifications have superconductive transition temperatures of 6.2±0.1, 7.45±0.1, and 7.75±0.1 °K. Their total volume is extremely small (∼10−5 – 10−7 of the specimen volume) and depends on the degree of perfection of the specimen.
Relaxation paramagnetic absorption of rf power in dilute magnetic alloys
Authors: Fazleev N. G.
Published: November 2024

Using Zubarev’s nonequilibrium statistical operators in the self-consistent field approximation, a system of kinetic equations for the longitudinal components of spin magnetizations of localized moments (LM) and conduction electrons (CE) is derived which describe nonresonance paramagnetic absorption (NPA) of rf power for the case of parallel de and ac magnetic fields in dilute magnetic alloys. This system is valid for the whole temperature interval, arbitrary LM spin values, and different LM and CE g-factors. The field, temperature, and frequency dependences of the kinetic coefficients are investigated. A microscopic derivation of the “detailed balance” relation is given. On the basis of the expression obtained for the overall dynamic longitudinal susceptibility of the system, the electronic “bottle neck” conditions in NPA by localized moments are determined, and the features of NPA in dilute magnetic alloys with equal and different LM and CE g-factors are studied.
Cognitive reflection is a distinct and measurable trait
Authors: Meyer Andrew , Attali Yigal , Bar-Hillel Maya , Frederick Shane , Kahneman Daniel
Published: November 2024

We report the findings of an adversarial collaboration examining whether the cognitive reflection test (CRT) measures anything beyond mathematical aptitude and, if so, whether its incremental predictive validity can be attributed to reflection, per se. We found that an 8-item CRT has greater predictive validity than an 8-item Mathematical Aptitude Test (MAT) consisting of comparably difficult items which lack dominant intuitive lures. Further, the incremental predictive validity stems from the CRT’s measurement of reflection, which we show using both structural equation models and a dual-response paradigm that helps distinguish susceptibility to intuitions from inadequate mathematical aptitude.
Mutation-based mechanism and evolution of the potent multidrug efflux pump RE-CmeABC in
Campylobacter
Authors: Dai Lei , Wu Zuowei , Sahin Orhan , Zhao Shaohua , Yu Edward W. , Zhang Qijing
Published: November 2024

The resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily of multidrug efflux systems are important players in mediating antibiotic resistance in gram-negative pathogens.
Campylobacter jejuni
, a major enteric pathogen, utilizes an RND-type transporter system, CmeABC, as the primary mechanism for extrusion of various antibiotics. Recently, a functionally potent variant of CmeABC (named RE-CmeABC) emerged in clinical
Campylobacter
isolates, conferring enhanced resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. Despite the clinical importance of RE-CmeABC, the molecular mechanisms for its functional gain and its evolutionary trajectory remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that amino acid substitutions in RE-CmeB (inner membrane transporter), but not in RE-CmeA (periplasmic protein) and RE-CmeC (outer membrane protein), in conjunction with a nucleotide mutation in the promoter region of the efflux operon, are responsible for the functional gain of the multidrug efflux system. We also showed that RE-
cmeABC
is emerging globally and distributed in genetically diverse
C. jejuni
strains, suggesting its possible spread by horizontal gene transfer. Notably, many of RE-
cmeABC
harboring isolates were associated with the human host including strains from large disease outbreaks, indicating the clinical relevance and significance of RE-CmeABC. Evolutionary analysis indicated that RE-
cmeB
likely originated from
Campylobacter coli
, but its expansion mainly occurred in
C. jejuni,
possibly driven by antibiotic selection pressure. Additionally, RE-
cmeB
, but not RE-
cmeA
and RE-
cmeC
, experienced a selective sweep and was progressing to be fixed during evolution. Together, these results identify a mutation-based mechanism for functional gain in RE-CmeABC and reveal the key role of RE-CmeB in facilitating
Campylobacter
adaptation to antibiotic selection.
Analysis of Nuclear Structure Properties and Stellar β-decay Rates of Even–Even 106–120Zr Isotopes
Authors: Kabir Abdul , Nabi Jameel-Un , Anmol Rida Syeda , Anwaar Izzah , Ain Raza Noor-Ul , Almujibah Hamad
Published: November 2024

The nuclear ground state properties of even–even 106–120Zr nuclei have been investigated within the framework of the relativistic mean field (RMF) approach. The RMF model with density-dependent DDME2 and DDPC1 interactions is utilized for the calculation of potential energy curves, the nuclear ground-state deformation parameters (β
2), neutron separation energies (S

n
and S
2n
) and neutron skin thickness (r

np
) of selected Zr isotopes. Later, the β-decay properties of Zr isotopes were studied using the proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) model. These include Gamow–Teller strength distributions, β-decay half-lives and stellar electron emission/positron capture rates. The β
2 values computed from the RMF model were employed in the pn-QRPA model as an input parameter for the calculations of β-decay properties for even–even 106–120Zr nuclei. The stellar rates were computed using the pn-QRPA framework with three different types of deformation parameters. Only at high temperature (T
9 ≥ 2) and low density (ρ
Y

e
≤ 107 g cm−3) values, the sum of electron emission and positron capture rates has a sizeable contribution (with positive exponents) to the stellar rates.