bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the migration potential of printed plastic films into the aquatic environment
Authors: Edyta
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the degree of contamination of water matrices (deionised water, spring water, tap water) in a 14-week experiment using film samples from commercial bags printed with water- and solvent-based inks. The effect of different lighting conditions on leaching and ecotoxicity was also investigated. Samples were exposed for 24 hours to natural sunlight and to no light in a darkroom. A significant increase in contaminants in the aqueous matrices was observed in the 12-week leaching potential of the components from the films in all the lighting variants and aqueous matrices analysed: an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC) and total suspended solids (TSS). Based on the procedures carried out, the relationship between lighting conditions and the amount of constituents released into the aqueous matrices was not confirmed. The concentration of total organic carbon in all samples peaked between weeks 6 and 9 of the study, followed by a gradual reduction in leaching. This phenomenon could be linked to the gradual depletion of the substances present in the samples or to the achievement of a concentration equilibrium between the aqueous matrix and the sample and/or to the formation of deposits on the surface of the films, which hindered the migration of substances into solutions. Ecotoxicity tests performed between 7 and 14 weeks showed most samples' toxic and highly toxic effects on the growth of Lemna minor fronds and Sinapis alba/Lepidium sativum roots. In contrast, no toxic effects were observed in most samples in screening mortality tests on Daphnia magna and Artemia salina. The study highlights the need for further research into the effects of plastic pollution on the aquatic environment.
ANALISIS POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA DI KOTA DUMAI
Authors: Fatkhullah Mukhammad , Mulyani Iwed
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi potensi pengembangan pariwisata di Kota Dumai, Riau, dengan memfokuskan pada sumber daya alam, geografis, sosial, dan budaya yang menjadi daya tarik utama. Melalui jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode survei, kami menyelidiki berbagai objek wisata, termasuk pantai, mangrove, gambut, kebun buah, dan warisan budaya melayu. Penelitian juga mengidentifikasi tantangan dan hambatan dalam pengembangan, seperti kebersihan, diversifikasi atraksi, dan aksesibilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan pariwisata di Kota Dumai membutuhkan pendekatan holistik dan kolaboratif antara pemerintah, pengelola wisata, dan masyarakat setempat. Kolaborasi ini diharapkan dapat menciptakan destinasi pariwisata yang berkelanjutan dan memadukan pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Potensi kolaborasi dengan perusahaan energi melalui skema CSR juga menjadi peluang strategis dalam menciptakan desa energi yang berkelanjutan. Temuan ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang upaya yang diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan potensi pariwisata Kota Dumai dan menghadirkan pengalaman wisata yang memuaskan bagi pengunjung lokal maupun internasional.
Kata Kunci: Analisis Kelayakan Wisata; Pengembangan Wisata; Potensi Kota Dumai
 
Abstract: This research explores the potential for tourism development in Dumai City, Riau, by focusing on the natural, geographical, social, and cultural resources that serve as the main attractions. Through a descriptive research approach with qualitative methods and survey techniques, we investigated various tourist attractions, including beaches, mangroves, peatlands, fruit orchards, and Malay cultural heritage. The study also identified challenges and obstacles in development, such as cleanliness, attraction diversification, and accessibility. The research findings indicate that tourism development in Dumai City requires a holistic and collaborative approach involving the government, tourism managers, and the local community. This collaboration is expected to create a sustainable tourism destination that integrates economic growth with environmental sustainability. The potential collaboration with energy companies through CSR schemes is also seen as a strategic opportunity to establish a sustainable energy village. These findings provide a general overview of the efforts needed to optimize the tourism potential of Dumai City and deliver a satisfying tourist experience for both local and international visitors.
Keywords: Tourism Feasibility Analysis; Tourism Development; Dumai City Potential
Modelling of traction power supply systems with nonlinear stationary loads
Authors: Kryukov A. V. , Cherepanov A. V. , Nguyen Quoc Hieu
Published: July 2024

The aim was to develop digital models of traction power supply systems with nonlinear stationary loads in order to determine asymmetric and non-sinusoidal modes. To this end, methods based on phase coordinates were implemented in the Fazonord software package (version 5.3.4.1–2024). The models included the following elements: 220 kV transmission lines, 40 MV·A transformers, 25 kV traction networks of double-track sections and a converter unit powering the industrial transport power supply system. The developed models identified asymmetrical and nonsinusoidal modes during the movement of a train on a specific section of the main railway. It was demonstrated that the nonlinear stationary load generated by a six-pulse converter results in an increase in harmonic coefficients at the 10 and 220 kV inputs of the traction substation feeding the rectifier, exceeding 25% on the 10 kV busbars. This phenomenon should be considered when selecting means to reduce harmonic distortion. These include passive filters, active conditioners and new-generation electric rolling stock with four-quadrant converters. The maximum asymmetry coefficients on the 10 kV busbars of traction substations ranged from 4.8...9%. These values can be reduced down to acceptable limits using phase-controlled reactive power sources or balancing transformers. The presented models allow all the parameters of the AC railway power supply system to be adequately determined under stationary loads with nonlinear voltage-current characteristics. The developed method is versatile and can be used for calculating modes of supply and traction networks of various structures and designs.
Liability for Non-Execution of a Court Verdict, Court Decision or Other Judicial Act in the Criminal Legislation of the CIS and Baltic Countries
Authors: Kosobrodov N. V. ,   Moscow International University
Published: July 2024

The study of foreign experience is of great importance for improving the legal norms governing liability for crimes that infringe on the order of execution of court decisions. Such a study not only makes it possible to assess the state of national criminal legislation, but also to determine the prospects for its development. It is known that the criminal legislation of the states that were previously part of the USSR has a number of unifying and converging features and features, manifested in the formulation of general provisions and principles of criminal law, legislative regulation of the main institutions, the use of technical and legal methods of formulating norms, etc. The practice of establishing criminal liability for a crime is no exception in this regard, which in most CIS and Baltic countries is qualified as non-execution of a court verdict, court decision or other judicial act. The article presents the results of a comparative legal study of the criminal legislation of the CIS and Baltic countries on liability for non–enforcement of a court decision. The conclusion is made about the existing substantive and technical and legal differences between the legislation of the CIS and Baltic countries in terms of the construction of criminal law prohibitions protecting the procedure for the execution of judicial acts. It seems that the identification and description of these differences can contribute to obtaining new knowledge about the mechanism of legislative regulation of the institution of criminal liability for crimes against justice in general and for non-enforcement of judicial acts in particular, as well as the development of optimal legislative models in this area of criminal law regulation.
Amorous Encounters in Eco-theological Spaces: An Exploration of Malayalam Cinema
Authors: Menon Anjana ,   Department of History, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India, Jose Priya K
Published: July 2024

This study explores the complex and evolving portrayal of intimacy in Malayalam cinema, particularly through the lens of eco-theological settings and remote locations. Examining films from the 1970s to the present day, the analysis highlights how these narratives have employed problematic tropes to introduce eroticized content, often framing it within sacred spaces or remote landscapes to achieve a sense of forbidden allure and potentially mitigate audience disapproval. This paper contends that the eco-theological spaces depicted in Malayalam cinema are not neutral but laden with socio-cultural and gendered meanings. Examining intimacy within these spaces provides a unique vantage point for understanding how cinematic representations reinforce prevailing power structures, especially concerning gender dynamics. It prompts a deeper exploration of how ecological practices and spiritual beliefs intersect with notions of femininity and masculinity.
Assessment of air quality in urban environments vulnerable to climate change effects
Authors: Danciulescu Valeriu ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Calinescu Simona Mariana , Stanescu Bogdan , Tanase Gheorghita , Dan Cornel , Constantin Cristian , Sotirnel Ruxandra Mirela ,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology,   National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology
Published: July 2024

The atmosphere of urban localities is polluted by a number of pollutants emitted from industrial activities, car traffic and the activities of individual households. This study presents an assessment of the air pollution level in two cities (Galati and Tulcea), both of them being situated in eastern Romania. The correlation between air pollution and pollution sources and also between the causes that lead to high levels of air pollution in the studied cities were analyzed. Three air quality monitoring points were selected in the two cities, with the following pollutants: total suspended dust, PM10 dust, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The pollution in the monitoring points was mainly influenced by the emissions from road traffic, the burning of methane gas for the production of heating agent, the industrial and agricultural activities performed in the monitoring area. Based on the result, it can be concluded that in the smaller city, Tulcea, the air pollution level was lower than in the Galat municipality, mainly due to the lower intensity of road traffic and polluting activities, but also the geographical positioning, close to the Danube Delta, a large area with green space, which presents a smaller pollution contribution. In areas characterized by lower population densities, specifically in small cities, there is a correlation between reduced population density and lower levels of atmospheric pollution.
Comparing the Soluble Form of Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth
Factor-1 (rhIGF-1) in Escherichia coli Using Thioredoxin as Fused and
Co-expressed Protein
Authors: Hemmati Sara , Maghami Parvaneh , Ranjbari Javad , Tabarzad Maryam
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide with
various physiological functions. Escherichia coli is one of the most desirable hosts for recombinant
protein production, especially for human proteins whose post-translation modifications are
not essential for their bioactivity, such as hIGF-1.

Objectives:

In this study, bacterial thioredoxin (Trx) was studied as a fused and non-fused protein
to convert the insoluble form of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) to its soluble form in E.
coli.

Methods:

The rhIGF-1 was expressed in the E. coli Origami strain in the form of fused-Trx. It
was co-expressed with Trx and then purified and quantified. In the next step, the biological activity
of rhIGF-1 was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay in human adipose-
derived stem cells (hASCs) regarding the differentiation enhancement effect of IGF-1
through the osteogenic process.

Results:

Results showed that Trx in both the fused and non-fused forms had a positive effect on
the production of the soluble form of rhIGF-1. A significant increase in ALP activity in hASCs after
rhIGF-1 treatment was observed, confirming protein bioactivity.

Conclusion:

It was strongly suggested that the overproduction of Trx could increase the solubility
of co-expressed recombinant proteins by changing the redox state in E. coli cells.
A Look at the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease based on the Brain Ischemia Model
Authors: Pluta Ryszard
Published: July 2024

:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the frequent form of dementia in the world. Despite over
100 years of research into the causes of AD, including amyloid and tau protein, the research has
stalled and has not led to any conclusions. Moreover, numerous projects aimed at finding a cure
for AD have also failed to achieve a breakthrough. Thus, the failure of anti-amyloid and anti-tau
protein therapy to treat AD significantly influenced the way we began to think about the etiology
of the disease. This situation prompted a group of researchers to focus on ischemic brain episodes,
which, like AD, mostly present alterations in the hippocampus. In this context, it has been proposed that cerebral ischemic incidents may play a major role in promoting amyloid and tau protein
in neurodegeneration in AD. In this review, we summarized the experimental and clinical research
conducted over several years on the role of ischemic brain episodes in the development of AD.
Studies have shown changes typical of AD in the course of brain neurodegeneration post-ischemia, i.e., progressive brain and hippocampal atrophy, increased amyloid production, and modification of tau protein. In the post-ischemic brain, the diffuse and senile amyloid plaques and the
development of neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of AD were revealed. The above data evidently showed that after brain ischemia, there are modifications in protein folding, leading to massive
neuronal death and damage to the neuronal network, which triggers dementia with the AD phenotype
Lawsonia inermis from the Algerian Sahara: Quantitative Analysis of
Lawsone in Leaves with Special Attention to their Drying Conditions
Authors: Abdelaziz Berreghioua , Said Bennaceur , Laid Ziane
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

The continuously growing number of commercial Lawsonia inermis (henna) powders and the wide variability of their quality necessitate verifying as well as controlling their
level of lawsone, the main active ingredient. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of
drying on the level of lawsone.

Method:

The leaves of henna were dried at different temperatures (40°C, 50°C, and 60°C) with both
modes (air and ulrasons). We extracted lawsone from leaves by a Soxhlet extractor using methanol
and water as solvents, respectively. This natural pigment was isolated, purified, and analyzed by
thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ultra-violet
(UV) spectrophotometer.

Result:

The drying temperature highly affected the extraction yield (Re). Therefore, drying henna
leaves at low temperatures allows for a higher yield of lawsone extracts.

Conclusion:

We recommend ultrasonically assisted drying of henna leaves to facilitate both the reduction of drying temperatures in order to conserve energy as well as the increase of the yield of
lawsone extraction.
Recent Developments in the Use of Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Organic Reactions
Authors: Kalita Babul , Iraqui Saddam , Dutta Gariyasee , Rashid Md. Harunar
Published: July 2024

:

The unique physicochemical properties, low cost, low toxicity, and size- and shape-dependent magnetic properties of the ferrite-based
nanoparticles make them an indispensable choice of material for various applications, including catalysis.

:

The objective of this review is to summarize the results of the most widely used ferrite nanoparticles such as NiFe2O4, CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, ZnFe2O4,
and MnFe2O4 as catalysts in organic reactions such as C–X (X = N, O, and S) coupling, oxidation, and N-heterocycles formation reactions.

:

This review includes a well-summarized compilation of the most widely used nanostructured ferrites such as NiFe2O4, CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, ZnFe2O4,
and MnFe2O4 as heterogeneous catalysts in selected organic reactions such as C–X (X = N, O, and S) coupling, oxidation, and N-heterocycles
formation reactions. The nanostructured magnetic ferrite catalysts are reliable and extremely effective and facilitate the quick separation of
catalysts, making the process sustainable.

:

The presentation of the review has been proposed anticipating new perspectives and insight in the field of catalysis and to investigate further
development of novel ferrite materials on an industrial scale for practical applications.
From Plants to Pills: Malaria Treatment Advancements in India
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Basu Jhilli , Raina Shanu , Sood Sana , Chauhan Diksha , Jaswal Priya
Published: July 2024

Since 2019, the world's primary focus has been shifted towards the new virus,
i.e., coronavirus. So, on a priority basis, the global interest shifts increasingly to fighting a
battle against this pandemic, but what about other infectious diseases like malaria? In regions
with limited resources (Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia), malaria
remains a significant health threat, transmitted by mosquitoes and caused by the Plasmodium
parasite. Approximately 6,08,000 deaths were associated with malaria in 2022, according
to the World Health Organization (WHO). The severity of malaria depends upon
the various stages of the malarial parasite life cycle (Transmission to humans, Exoerythrocytic
Stage, Erythrocytic Stage, and Gametocyte Stage). Symptoms that appear within 7-10
days after a mosquito bite include discomfort, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and
muscle pain. Today, to make and confirm the diagnosis of malaria, a variety of direct and
indirect methods are used, which take us towards the early identification and prevention of
disease. Healthy collaborations between pharmacological and non-pharmacological fields
are essential to developing malaria therapeutic strategies, with artificial intelligence also
playing a supportive role. Meanwhile, WHO launched Global Technical Strategy 2016-
2030 for Malaria eradication, which serves as a crucial framework guiding efforts to control
and eliminate the disease. This study targets the historical roots of malaria, pathophysiological
grounds, advancements in diagnostics and new treatment regimens, and adherence to
government guidelines. Additionally, it also focuses on the scenario of India for the upliftment
of Malaria Eradication Programme.
The Effect of MiR320a on Lung Cancer
Authors: Hasani Arian
Published: July 2024

:

Lung cancer has a high mortality rate among cancers in both women and men. Currently, lung cáncer diagnosis is made with clinical examination, low-dose CT scan and molecular-based methods and its treatment options include chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy or immunotherapy. However, the life expectancy of lung cancer is not very high, and still it is usually diagnosed very lately, which leads to poorer prognosis. MicroRNAs [miRNAs] are small noncoding RNAs that regulate many diverse activities in the cell that can affect tumorigenesis by regulating many cell functions related to cancer, such as cell cycle, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, and apoptosis. Also, it can have a potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value for lung cancer. MiR320a is a promising microRNA that may help us in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer, but some aspects of its clinical application are still vague, especially its effect on heavy smokers, delivery mechanism, toxicity and lack of reliable critical value. In this paper, we examined its comprehensive molecular interactions that lead to its tumor suppressor effect, and we reviewed its clinical application until now.
Psilocybin in the Management of Substance Use Disorders: A Summary of
Current Evidence
Authors: Bourji Hussein El , Farhat Aziz , Hamdan Zahi , Satodiya Ritvij , Shukla Rashmi , El Hayek Samer
Published: July 2024

Background:

Following clinical trials on psilocybin for the treatment of pain, anxiety,
and depression in patients with cancer, scientific interest emerged in its use for substance use disorders.

Methods:

In this review of the literature, we summarize available trials looking at the use of psilocybin in addiction

Results:

One double-blind, randomized clinical trial looked at the effect of psilocybin on heavy
drinking in adults diagnosed with alcohol dependence. Several trials are currently ongoing to assess
psilocybin’s efficacy in the management of different SUDs. Otherwise, the current evidence is insufficient to derive any conclusions on the possible efficacy of psilocybin in substance use disorders.

Conclusions:

More well-powered, blinded, randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate
the possible therapeutic effects of psilocybin in addiction while identifying the appropriate conditions that promote its safe use.
An Updated Review of Medicinal Uses and Protective Activities of
Capparis Spinosa
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Fariba , Ahmadian Elham , Khavasi Narjes , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Nazemiyeh Hossein
Published: July 2024

It is known that the cause of most diseases is oxidative stress. From the past, up to
today, plants have had important roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases due to high
amounts of bioactive and antioxidative contents. Over the last centuries, Capparis spinosa, a
plant species belonging to the genus Capparicedea, has been widely examined for several therapeutic
effects, including anti-microbial, anti-cancer activity, as well as anti-diabetic, renal, and
hepatoprotective properties in vitro and in vivo and some clinical trials. The presence of high
amounts of active components such as phenols and flavonoids in Capparis spinosa has turned it
into a potential valuable therapeutical agent since the trend in natural products and phytotherapy
has witnessed an increasing momentum in the realm of pharmaceutical sciences. Although this
plant has an intensive history in traditional medicine, more studies are required to gain in-depth
comprehensive knowledge of its potential clinical effects and mechanisms. This review aims to
summarize the protective and therapeutic activities of Capparis spinosa and the possible prospects
of its biomedical applications. New technology methods like nanoparticles are recommended.
Role of Metalloproteinases in Diabetes-associated Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Pereira Vitoria Mattos , Pradhanang Suyasha , Prather Jonathan F. , Nair Sreejayan
Published: July 2024

:

Diabetes has been linked to an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a condition
characterized by a subtle cognitive decline that may precede the development of dementia. The
underlying mechanisms connecting diabetes and MCI involve complex interactions between metabolic
dysregulation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. A critical mechanism implicated in diabetes and
MCI is the activation of inflammatory pathways. Chronic low-grade inflammation, as observed in diabetes,
can lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFNγ), each of which
can exacerbate neuroinflammation and contribute to cognitive decline. A crucial enzyme involved in
regulating inflammation is ADAM17, a disintegrin, and metalloproteinase, which can cleave and release
TNF-α from its membrane-bound precursor and cause it to become activated. These processes, in
turn, activate additional inflammation-related pathways, such as AKT, NF-κB, NLP3, MAPK, and
JAK-STAT pathways. Recent research has provided novel insights into the role of ADAM17 in diabetes
and neurodegenerative diseases. ADAM17 is upregulated in both diabetes and Alzheimer's disease,
suggesting a shared mechanism and implicating inflammation as a possible contributor to much
broader forms of pathology and pointing to a possible link between inflammation and the emergence
of MCI. This review provides an overview of the different roles of ADAM17 in diabetes-associated
mild cognitive impairment diseases. It identifies mechanistic connections through which ADAM17
and associated pathways may influence the emergence of mild cognitive impairment.
Production of Biodiesel from Palm ( Arecaceae ) Oil
Authors: Brijpuriya Deepika , Agrawal Pratibha
Published: July 2024

Biodiesel from palm (Arecaceae) oil, is a fuel that can be useful in
compression start motors and, further, in diesel-based motors without any mechanical
modification. It is an effective and promising feedstock to produce biodiesel for
advanced generations. It also contains different phytonutrients that can be isolated
earlier for biodiesel generation. So far, Arecaceae biodiesel transformation using the
catalytic pathway has been well investigated. Among these catalysts, homogeneous
base catalysts are the most commonly used, even though they face serious issues when
FFA (Free Fatty Acid) content becomes high as observed in the case of CPO (Crude
Palm Oil). The alternative tactic to produce Arecaceae biodiesel eco-friendly is using
advanced catalysts such as heterogeneous (acid and base), enzymatic, and supercritical
processes. However, these strategies have never been promptly accessible at the
industrial site as the catalysts get deactivated easily, and thus such strategies demand
extra high efforts. This chapter reviews the generation of biodiesel from Arecaceae oil,
offering an eco-friendly pathway.
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Wagh Mamta S. , Agrawal Pratibha S.
Published: July 2024

 One of the prospective alternative sources of energy is biodiesel, which is
obtained from conventional and substandard sources via various methods. One of them
is transesterification in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst may be either
harmonized or varied. This chapter will give detailed information about the various
catalysts used in biodiesel synthesis. The chapter focuses on the efficiency, limitations,
and advantages of all kinds of catalysts and their properties, and appropriateness in the
transesterification method. An extensive study has been carried out on the usage of
homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The data reviewed
reflects that those homogeneous catalysts are proficient in converting oil with low FFA
and feedstock that contains water. On the other hand, heterogeneous catalyst gives a
range of selectivity on high FFA content and water adaptability. It is known that the
numbers of acidic or basic sites control the properties of heterogeneous catalysts.
Zirconia and Zeolites-based catalysts by some modifications, can be used as both basic
and acidic catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste have received an
important role in biodiesel production. Lately, high catalytic activities under optimum
operating conditions have been recognized of Nanocatalysts. This review article gives
elaborated information on various materials used as catalysts.
Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel - A Review
Authors: Pande Shilpa , Gahane Shekhar
Published: July 2024

The phrase “Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil” refers to a broad wide
range of unconventional fuels generated from different kinds of oils and fats. The
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines biodiesel as “monoalkyl
esters of long chain fatty acids,” which can be produced by the transesterification of
vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking oil. The key factor leading to fossil fuel
reserves being depleted is the increasing demand for these resources. Increasing the
development of biomass fuels like biodiesel might help get us out of this jam. Oil
molecules are reacted with alcohol and a catalyst to produce methyl esters in the
transesterification process during biodiesel production from cooking oil. In Colombia,
palm oil and methanol are used to produce biodiesel and it shares the second place with
Colombia as Latin America's top ethanol producer.

Waste cooking oil disposal causes several environmental issues. In addition, sewer
overflows and the subsequent spread of illness might be the consequence of years of
pipe wear and tear. As a renewable and biodegradable biofuel, biodiesel has the
potential to reduce environmental damage by displacing the need for fossil fuels. Palm
biodiesel, either on its own or blended with diesel fuel, is effective in lowering carbon
dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, respectively.

This chapter discusses the transesterification process as a method of creating biodiesel.
It consists of three sequential and reversible reactions. It begins with a conversion from
triglyceride to diacylglycerol, then continues to monoglyceride and glycerin. In
particular, this chapter provides an in-depth analysis of several cooking oils, including
their salient qualities and the most common pests. Most biodiesel originates from
oilseed plants, such as palm, rapeseed, canola, sunflower, soy, and animal fats. The
creation of biodiesel, however, may utilize anything that includes triglycerides. Used
oil from the kitchen may be recycled into biodiesel at a low cost.
Waste-Derived Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ruatpuia Joseph V.L. , Halder Gopinath , Rokhum Samuel L.
Published: July 2024

Due to its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, biodiesel has become a
promising alternative to energy sources. However, the issue associated with traditional
biodiesel production is the expensive production cost on the industrial scale, which is
primarily caused by raw materials. Thus, the catalyst plays a crucial role with the
objective to speed up the overall biodiesel production rate and lower the production
cost. Recently, numerous studies on different kinds of catalysts used in the production
of biodiesel have been carried out. Therefore, this chapter offers a detailed overview of
biodiesel production by analyzing the latest trends that utilize biomass waste-derived
catalysts. 
Impact of Data Analytics in Retail Industry
Authors: Jose Danileo
Published: July 2024

In this era, retail market has grown to an extreme level where satisfying a
customer’s need is of utmost importance for the survival of a retailer in the market as in
the business. Hence, managing and processing the data to meet the customer’s
expectation is very much crucial in order to run their business, promote growth as well
profit-making. As the retail sector is in the fast run and for serving faster to the
customers and clients, every business sector makes use of the big data, more
specifically data analytics for almost every part of the retail activities such as tracking
the trending products, monitoring the inventory level forecasting future sales,
forecasting future demand and many such activities. Also it helps the retailers in
working on how to promote themselves or their product to their targeted customers,
what are the purchasing patterns of the buyers, what to sell next to their targeted
customers by evaluating the customer behaviour as well their interests.
Income Distribution of Informal Sector Labor in Indonesia 2022
Authors: Sari Bellia Mega ,   Politeknik Statistika STIS, Indonesia, Sugiarto Sugiarto
Published: July 2024

Purpose This research aims to look at the description of the characteristics and factors that influence the categories of income levels under class (vulnerable and poor) and aspiring middle class in informal sector labor in Indonesia 2022. Design/methodology/approach The dataset from raw data of the National Labor Survey (SAKERNAS) in February 2022 collected by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). This research used the ordinal logistic regression, model of partial proportional odds (PPOM). The dependent variable used is the income level category based on the classification determined by World Bank. Findings This research finds that 58 percent of the population are informal labor. The results of the analysis show that the level of education, job training, work experience, type of work, age, gender, marital status, working hours, and residential area classification have a significant effect on income level categories. Research limitations/implications This research only includes sample of informal sector labor who have income and based on the main job status classification from BPS. Originality/value In this research, income of informal sector labor are categorized based on classification determined by World Bank. Then there has not been much research on the characteristics of informal sector labor and what influences the level of their income category.
The Moderating Influence of External Environment on the Link Between Strategy Implementation Determinants and Public Health Facilities Service Delivery
Authors: Leonard Momos ,   Masinde Muliro University of Science & Technology, Kenya
Published: July 2024

Purpose This study aims to investigate the moderating influence of the external environment on the relationship between strategy implementation determinants and service delivery in public health facilities in the Western Region of Kenya. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a positivist approach and is anchored on the McKinsey 7-S Model Framework. It utilizes descriptive survey and explanatory research designs, targeting 966 respondents including top management leaders, medical personnel, and patients. Data is collected through structured questionnaires and interview schedules, and analyzed using SPSS. Findings The external environment moderates the relationship between strategy implementation determinants and public health facilities service delivery in the Western Region of Kenya. Human resource capacity and organizational culture are key factors moderated by the external environment in affecting public health facilities service delivery. Research limitations/implications The study's findings are specific to the Western Region of Kenya and may not be generalizable to other regions or countries. The study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to response bias. Originality/value This study contributes to the understanding of how the external environment influences the relationship between strategy implementation determinants and service delivery in public health facilities. The findings suggest the importance of creating an enabling environment for effective strategy implementation in the public sector to improve service delivery.
Is Extreme Poverty in Indonesia is Going to End?
Authors: Darma Amdi Veri ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia, Wicesa Nayaka Artha , Setyanti Axelllina Muara , Rochmat Teguh Maulidi ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia,   Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan Republik Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Purpose This research aims to analyze and project extreme poverty in Indonesia. Through the method of descriptive statistical analysis and cluster analysis, it is found that the rate of decreasing in the extreme poverty rate is higher than the rate of decreasing in non-extreme poverty Design/methodology/approach The methods used to answer research problems are descriptive statistical analysis, econometric forecasting model analysis, and cluster analysis. Findings It is found that the rate of decreasing in the extreme poverty rate is higher than the rate of decreasing in non-extreme poverty. In addition, through forecasting analysis it is also found that Indonesia will be able to reduce extreme poverty to 0.30% in 2024. However, the decreasing in extreme poverty to zero percent in 2024 will be realized if the acceleration of handling extreme poverty is carried out in an integrated way through the collaboration of two interventions of extreme poverty reduction program group, that are reducing expenses and increasing income Research limitations/implications This research is expected to be a positive reference for the Indonesian government in implementing extreme poverty reduction policies to zero percent in 2024. Originality/value This research addresses the President of Indonesia's goal of achieving zero percent extreme poverty by 2024, filling a gap in existing studies. Its significance lies in evaluating the feasibility of this ambitious target.
Global, international, and intercultural competencies in a Trans-Atlantic and Pacific Project (TAPP) partnership
Authors: Petts Ashleigh , Lázaro-Gutiérrez Raquel
Published: July 2024

Virtual exchanges through the Trans-Atlantic and Pacific Project (TAPP) allow instructors to design collaborations that engage students in global, international, and intercultural (GII) competencies, which are increasingly emphasised through the ongoing process of internationalisation of higher education. This article constitutes a practice report that describes two TAPP virtual exchanges designed by an instructor in Spain and one in the United States between master’s level translation students at a research university in Spain and 1) undergraduate students enrolled in a specialised technical writing course at a research university in the U.S. and 2) students in a graduate editing course at a regional university in the U.S. A content analysis of pre- and postlearning reports authored by the translation students demonstrates that students engaged in GII competencies such as openness, adaptability, and intercultural communication, which further reinforced the internationalisation of the curriculum.
Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality–Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lo Hermione Hin Man , Zhu Mengting , Zou Zihui , Wong Cho Lee , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Chung Vincent Chi-Ho , Wong Samuel Yeung-Shan , Sit Regina Wing Shan
Published: July 2024

Background

Virtual reality (VR) in different immersive conditions has been increasingly used as a nonpharmacological method for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Objective

We aimed to assess the effectiveness of VR-assisted active training versus conventional exercise or physiotherapy in chronic musculoskeletal pain and to analyze the effects of immersive versus nonimmersive VR on pain outcomes.

Methods

This systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to June 9, 2024. RCTs comparing adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain receiving VR-assisted training were included. The primary outcome was pain intensity; secondary outcomes included functional disability and kinesiophobia. Available data were pooled in a meta-analysis. Studies were graded using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool version 2.

Results

In total, 28 RCTs including 1114 participants with some concerns for a high risk of bias were identified, and 25 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. In low back pain, short-term outcomes measured post intervention showed that nonimmersive VR is effective in reducing pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] –1.79, 95% CI –2.72 to –0.87; P<.001), improving disability (SMD –0.44, 95% CI –0.72 to –0.16; P=.002), and kinesiophobia (SMD –2.94, 95% CI –5.20 to –0.68; P=.01). Intermediate-term outcomes measured at 6 months also showed that nonimmersive VR is effective in reducing pain (SMD –8.15, 95% CI –15.29 to –1.01; P=.03), and kinesiophobia (SMD –4.28, 95% CI –8.12 to –0.44; P=.03) compared to conventional active training. For neck pain, immersive VR reduced pain intensity (SMD –0.55, 95% CI –1.02 to –0.08; P=.02) but not disability and kinesiophobia in the short term. No statistical significances were detected for knee pain or other pain regions at all time points. In addition, 2 (8%) studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusions

Both nonimmersive and immersive VR–assisted active training is effective in reducing back and neck pain symptoms. Our study findings suggest that VR is effective in alleviating chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022302912; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=302912
Rest-Activity Rhythm Differences in Acute Rehabilitation Between Poststroke Patients and Non–Brain Disease Controls: Comparative Study
Authors: Liang Huey-Wen , Wu Chueh-Hung , Lin Chen , Chang Hsiang-Chih , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Chen Shao-Yu , Hsu Wei-Chen
Published: July 2024

Background

Circadian rhythm disruptions are a common concern for poststroke patients undergoing rehabilitation and might negatively impact their functional outcomes.

Objective

Our research aimed to uncover unique patterns and disruptions specific to poststroke rehabilitation patients and identify potential differences in specific rest-activity rhythm indicators when compared to inpatient controls with non–brain-related lesions, such as patients with spinal cord injuries.

Methods

We obtained a 7-day recording with a wearable actigraphy device from 25 poststroke patients (n=9, 36% women; median age 56, IQR 46-71) and 25 age- and gender-matched inpatient control participants (n=15, 60% women; median age 57, IQR 46.5-68.5). To assess circadian rhythm, we used a nonparametric method to calculate key rest-activity rhythm indicators—relative amplitude, interdaily stability, and intradaily variability. Relative amplitude, quantifying rest-activity rhythm amplitude while considering daily variations and unbalanced amplitudes, was calculated as the ratio of the difference between the most active 10 continuous hours and the least active 5 continuous hours to the sum of these 10 and 5 continuous hours. We also examined the clinical correlations between rest-activity rhythm indicators and delirium screening tools, such as the 4 A’s Test and the Barthel Index, which assess delirium and activities of daily living.

Results

Patients who had a stroke had higher least active 5-hour values compared to the control group (median 4.29, IQR 2.88-6.49 vs median 1.84, IQR 0.67-4.34; P=.008). The most active 10-hour values showed no significant differences between the groups (stroke group: median 38.92, IQR 14.60-40.87; control group: median 31.18, IQR 18.02-46.84; P=.93). The stroke group presented a lower relative amplitude compared to the control group (median 0.74, IQR 0.57-0.85 vs median 0.88, IQR 0.71-0.96; P=.009). Further analysis revealed no significant differences in other rest-activity rhythm metrics between the two groups. Among the patients who had a stroke, a negative correlation was observed between the 4 A’s Test scores and relative amplitude (ρ=–0.41; P=.045). Across all participants, positive correlations emerged between the Barthel Index scores and both interdaily stability (ρ=0.34; P=.02) and the most active 10-hour value (ρ=0.42; P=.002).

Conclusions

This study highlights the relevance of circadian rhythm disruptions in poststroke rehabilitation and provides insights into potential diagnostic and prognostic implications for rest-activity rhythm indicators as digital biomarkers.
Collaborative Human–Computer Vision Operative Video Analysis Algorithm for Analyzing Surgical Fluency and Surgical Interruptions in Endonasal Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: Cohort Study
Authors: Wong Chia-En , Chen Pei-Wen , Hsu Heng-Jui , Cheng Shao-Yang , Fan Chen-Che , Chen Yen-Chang , Chiu Yi-Pei , Lee Jung-Shun , Liang Sheng-Fu
Published: July 2024

Background

The endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) is effective for pituitary adenoma resection. However, manual review of operative videos is time-consuming. The application of a computer vision (CV) algorithm could potentially reduce the time required for operative video review and facilitate the training of surgeons to overcome the learning curve of EEA.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a CV-based video analysis system, based on OpenCV algorithm, to detect surgical interruptions and analyze surgical fluency in EEA. The accuracy of the CV-based video analysis was investigated, and the time required for operative video review using CV-based analysis was compared to that of manual review.

Methods

The dominant color of each frame in the EEA video was determined using OpenCV. We developed an algorithm to identify events of surgical interruption if the alterations in the dominant color pixels reached certain thresholds. The thresholds were determined by training the current algorithm using EEA videos. The accuracy of the CV analysis was determined by manual review, and the time spent was reported.

Results

A total of 46 EEA operative videos were analyzed, with 93.6%, 95.1%, and 93.3% accuracies in the training, test 1, and test 2 data sets, respectively. Compared with manual review, CV-based analysis reduced the time required for operative video review by 86% (manual review: 166.8 and CV analysis: 22.6 minutes; P<.001). The application of a human-computer collaborative strategy increased the overall accuracy to 98.5%, with a 74% reduction in the review time (manual review: 166.8 and human-CV collaboration: 43.4 minutes; P<.001). Analysis of the different surgical phases showed that the sellar phase had the lowest frequency (nasal phase: 14.9, sphenoidal phase: 15.9, and sellar phase: 4.9 interruptions/10 minutes; P<.001) and duration (nasal phase: 67.4, sphenoidal phase: 77.9, and sellar phase: 31.1 seconds/10 minutes; P<.001) of surgical interruptions. A comparison of the early and late EEA videos showed that increased surgical experience was associated with a decreased number (early: 4.9 and late: 2.9 interruptions/10 minutes; P=.03) and duration (early: 41.1 and late: 19.8 seconds/10 minutes; P=.02) of surgical interruptions during the sellar phase.

Conclusions

CV-based analysis had a 93% to 98% accuracy in detecting the number, frequency, and duration of surgical interruptions occurring during EEA. Moreover, CV-based analysis reduced the time required to analyze the surgical fluency in EEA videos compared to manual review. The application of CV can facilitate the training of surgeons to overcome the learning curve of endoscopic skull base surgery.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06156020; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06156020