bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spinning detonation, cross-currents, and the Chapman–Jouguet velocity
Authors: Kurosaka M. , Tsuboi N.
Published: September 2014

Interestingly, the Chapman–Jouguet detonation velocity ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}D_{CJ}$) based on a one-dimensional and steady model compares well with the measured data. For the spinning detonation, in particular, this agreement is particularly notable, since the flow is highly three-dimensional and unsteady; perpendicular to the leading shock front, a transverse detonation wave (TDW) spins periodically. In the wake of this TDW, a secondary flow, called here the cross-current, appears which is orthogonal to the leading shock. Despite the presence of these cross-currents, the $D_{CJ}$ agreement remains remarkably satisfactory, and we investigate the reason for this, for spinning detonation in a tube. First, we focus on the origin of the cross-current. The cross-current, driven by the shock pressure, arises initially across a warped shock frontal surface, and both its sign and magnitude depend on the local slopes of the shock surface. The cross-current undergoes further pressure-driven transitions, with its magnitude eventually diminishing downstream and reducing the flow to a quasi-one-dimensional one. Second, regarding the unsteadiness, under the assumptions that the TDW spins at constant angular wave speed and the flow is steady in the frame rotating with it, the unsteady energy equation becomes integrable, resulting in the invariance of the so-called rothalpy. Also, in the integral forms of the mass and momentum balance, the unsteady terms drop out. Taken together, in the far field the governing equations are reduced to being one-dimensional and steady. From these the $D_{CJ}$ follows immediately, which appears to be the reason for the enduring usefulness of the $D_{CJ}$. The results of the analysis are confirmed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Additionally, the area-averaged flow profiles are found to display more than a passing resemblance to the Zeldovitch–Von Neumann–Doering (ZND) model.
On the emergence of non-classical decay regimes in multiscale/fractal generated isotropic turbulence
Authors: Meldi Marcello , Lejemble Hugo , Sagaut Pierre
Published: September 2014

The present paper addresses the issue of finding key parameters that may lead to the occurrence of non-classical decay regimes for fractal/multiscale generated grid turbulence. To this aim, a database of numerical simulations has been generated by the use of the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) model. The turbulence production in the wake of the fractal/multiscale grid is modelled via a turbulence production term based on the forcing term developed for direct numerical simulations (DNS) purposes and the dynamics of self-similar wakes. The sensitivity of the numerical results to the simulation parameters has been investigated successively. The analysis is based on the observation of both the time evolution of the turbulent energy spectrum $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}E(k,t)$ and the decay of the flow statistical quantities, such as the turbulent kinetic energy $\mathcal{K}(t)$ and the energy dissipation rate $\varepsilon (t)$. A satisfactory agreement with existing experimental data published by different research teams is observed. In particular, it is observed that the key parameter that governs the nature of turbulence decay is $\alpha ={d/U_{\infty }}\, {(\varepsilon (0)/\mathcal{K}(0))}={d/L(0)} \, {(\sqrt{\mathcal{K}(0)}/U_{\infty })}$ (with $d$ the bar diameter and $U_{\infty }$ the upstream uniform velocity), which measures the ratio of the time scale largest grid bar $d/U_{\infty }$ to the turbulent time scale $\mathcal{K}(0)/\varepsilon (0)$. Two asymptotic behaviours for $\alpha \rightarrow + \infty $ and $\alpha \rightarrow 0$ are identified: (i) a fast algebraic decay law regime for rapidly decaying production terms, due to strongly modified initial kinetic energy spectrum and (ii) a real exponential decay regime associated with strong, very slowly decaying production terms. The present observations are in full agreement with conclusions drawn from recent fractal grid experiments, and it provides a physical scenario for occurrence of anomalous decay regime which encompasses previous hypotheses.
Association between dietary calcium intake and arterial stiffness according to dietary vitamin D intake in men
Authors: Uemura Hirokazu , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Yamaguchi Miwa , Nakamoto Mariko , Hiyoshi Mineyoshi , Arisawa Kokichi
Published: September 2014

Studies on the associations of dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes with arterial stiffness are scarce. In the present study, these associations were evaluated in Japanese men. Data from a total of 535 eligible men, aged 35–69 years, who participated in the baseline survey of a cohort study in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, and underwent brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) measurements were analysed. ba-PWV is a measure of arterial stiffness and is recognised as a marker of atherosclerotic vascular damage. Information regarding the cohort's lifestyle characteristics including dietary behaviour over the past year was obtained from a structured self-administered questionnaire. Dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method and divided into quartiles; the highest quartile was used as the reference. General linear models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes and ba-PWV values adjusted for probable covariates. The association between dietary Ca intake and ba-PWV was further evaluated using similar general linear models stratified by dietary vitamin D intake (median or below/above median). Dietary Ca intake was found to be significantly inversely associated with ba-PWV after adjusting for probable covariates (P for trend = 0·020). However, no such association was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and ba-PWV. The inverse association between dietary Ca intake and ba-PWV was striking in subjects with higher dietary vitamin D intake. However, no association was found in subjects with lower dietary vitamin D intake. These results indicate that adequate dietary Ca and vitamin D intakes may be protective against the development of arterial stiffness in Japanese men.
Fructo-oligosaccharides and iron bioavailability in anaemic rats: the effects on iron species distribution, ferroportin-1 expression, crypt bifurcation and crypt cell proliferation in the caecum
Authors: Lobo Alexandre R. , Gaievski Eduardo H. S. , De Carli Eduardo , Alvares Eliana P. , Colli Célia
Published: September 2014

The present study investigated the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the bioavailability of Fe from ferric pyrophosphate (FP), a water-insoluble compound, in Fe-deficient anaemic rats that were subjected to a Hb repletion assay. Male Wistar rats (n64) were fed adequate or low (8 mg/kg) Fe diets for 15 d followed by 1 or 2 weeks of Fe repletion with diets providing 35 mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulphate (FS), FP or FP that was mixed with 7·5 % FOS in the form of yacon flour or Raftilose P95 (RAF), a purified source of FOS. The effects of FOS were observed within the 1st week of the repletion period. Fe bioavailability was improved by FOS supplementation, as measured by Hb regeneration efficiency and hepatic Fe stores, which were more pronounced in the RAF group. Moreover, RAF supplementation resulted in a higher biological value relative to that of the FP group. FOS supplementation resulted in caecal enlargement, in addition to acidification and Fe species redistribution in the caecal contents relative to the control rats. These effects occurred concomitantly with decreased ferroportin (FPN)-1 expression in the caecal mucosa, which was similar in magnitude to that observed in the FS group. Caecum mucosal morphometry was influenced by FOS supplementation, whereas crypt fission and cell proliferation were highest in the caecum of the RAF group. These results reinforce the effects of FOS as Fe bioavailability enhancers in anaemic rats that are sustained by early changes in their caecal environment (decreased mucosal FPN-1 expression and increased Fe absorbability, crypt fission and cellularity).
A Preponderance of Politics: The Auténtico Governments and US–Cuban Economic Relations, 1945–1951
Authors: PETTINÀ VANNI
Published: September 2014

This article analyses the bilateral economic negotiations between Washington and Havana during the era of the Cuban PRCA (Auténtico) governments led by Ramón Grau San Martín and Carlos Prío Socarrás (1944–52). This work shows that, initially, the PRCA governments took advantage of the economic bargaining capacity that Cuba had developed with Washington during the Good Neighbor era, but after 1947 this declined as the Truman administration's Cold War foreign policy agenda assigned only a marginal position to Latin America and Cuba. Havana's inability to obtain further economic support from the United States had a powerful destabilising effect, complicating Cuba's economic governance and delegitimising the PRCA politically. The study of this episode enhances our comprehension of a period largely overlooked by the historiography on Cuba and our understanding of the demise of the Auténtico project, the last attempt to transform Cuba's social structures in a progressive and democratic manner.
Plasma acceleration by the interaction of parallel propagating Alfvén waves
Authors: Mottez F.
Published: September 2014

It is shown that two circularly polarized Alfvén waves that propagate along the ambient magnetic field in an uniform plasma trigger non oscillating electromagnetic field components when they cross each other. The non-oscilliating field components can accelerate ions and electrons with great efficiency. This work is based on particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations and on analytical non-linear computations. The analytical computations are done for two counter-propagating monochromatic waves. The simulations are done with monochromatic waves and with wave packets. The simulations show parallel electromagnetic fields consistent with the theory, and they show that the particle acceleration results in plasma cavities and, if the waves amplitudes are high enough, in ion beams. These acceleration processes could be relevant in space plasmas. For instance, they could be at work in the auroral zone and in the radiation belts of the Earth magnetosphere. In particular, they may explain the origin of the deep plasma cavities observed in the Earth auroral zone.
Optimum point of acceleration of an electron inside the collisional plasma-filled elliptical waveguide
Authors: Hadad M. , Torkiha-Esfhani M.
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the effect of the electron collision frequency with background ions on TMmr mode field components, the trajectory and the electron energy gain is studied. The field components of the TMmr mode in the elliptical waveguides are calculated. The ohmic heating for three different value of collision frequency calculated and the power losses is obtained. The deflection angle and acceleration gradient of an electron in the fields associated with a transverse magnetic (TM) wave propagating inside a elliptical waveguide for TMmr mode is studied. The relativistic momentum and energy equations for an electron are solved, which was injected initially along the propagation direction of the microwave. The results for TMmr mode are graphically represented. Finally, the optimum point of acceleration for the even mode TM11 is obtained and it is shown that in a cross section of elliptical waveguide optimum point is center of ellipse.
Late preterm birth, post-term birth, and abnormal fetal growth as risk factors for severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood
Authors: Lahti M. , Eriksson J. G. , Heinonen K. , Kajantie E. , Lahti J. , Wahlbeck K. , Tuovinen S. , Pesonen A.-K. , Mikkonen M. , Osmond C. , Barker D. J. P. , Räikkönen K.
Published: September 2014

Background.

Late preterm births constitute the majority of preterm births. However, most evidence suggesting that preterm birth predicts the risk of mental disorders comes from studies on earlier preterm births. We examined if late preterm birth predicts the risks of severe mental disorders from early to late adulthood. We also studied whether adulthood mental disorders are associated with post-term birth or with being born small (SGA) or large (LGA) for gestational age, which have been previously associated with psychopathology risk in younger ages.

Method.

Of 12 597 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants, born 1934–1944, 664 were born late preterm, 1221 post-term, 287 SGA, and 301 LGA. The diagnoses of mental disorders were identified from national hospital discharge and cause of death registers from 1969 to 2010. In total, 1660 (13.2%) participants had severe mental disorders.

Results.

Individuals born late preterm did not differ from term-born individuals in their risk of any severe mental disorder. However, men born late preterm had a significantly increased risk of suicide. Post-term birth predicted significantly increased risks of any mental disorder in general and particularly of substance use and anxiety disorders. Individuals born SGA had significantly increased risks of any mental and substance use disorders. Women born LGA had an increased risk of psychotic disorders.

Conclusions.

Although men born late preterm had an increased suicide risk, late preterm birth did not exert widespread effects on adult psychopathology. In contrast, the risks of severe mental disorders across adulthood were increased among individuals born SGA and individuals born post-term.
A neurobehavioral account for individual differences in resilience to chronic military stress
Authors: Lin T. , Vaisvaser S. , Fruchter E. , Admon R. , Wald I. , Pine D. S. , Bar-Haim Y. , Hendler T.
Published: September 2014

Background.

Military training is a chronic stressful period that often induces stress-related psychopathology. Stress vulnerability and resilience depend on personality trait anxiety, attentional threat bias and prefrontal–limbic dysfunction. However, how these neurobehavioral elements interact with regard to the development of symptoms following stress remains unclear.

Method.

Fifty-five healthy combat soldiers undergoing intensive military training completed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) testing while performing the dot-probe task (DPT) composed of angry (threat) and neutral faces. Participants were then stratified according to their bias tendency to avoidance (n = 25) or vigilance (n = 30) groups, categorized as high or low trait anxiety and assessed for post-stress symptom severity.

Results.

Avoidance compared to vigilance tendency was associated with fewer post-trauma symptoms and increased hippocampal response to threat among high anxious but not low anxious individuals. Importantly, mediation analysis revealed that only among high anxious individuals did hippocampal activity lead to lower levels of symptoms through avoidance bias tendency. However, in the whole group, avoidance bias was modulated by the interplay between the hippocampus and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC).

Conclusions.

Our results provide a neurobehavioral model to explain the resilience to post-trauma symptoms following chronic exposure. The model points to the importance of considering threat bias tendency in addition to personality traits when investigating the brain response and symptoms of trauma. Such a multi-parametric approach that accounts for individual behavioral sensitivities may also improve brain-driven treatments of anxiety, possibly by targeting the interplay between the hippocampus and the dACC.
The Dawning of an Earth Ethic
Authors: Sanders Scott Russell
Published: September 2014

Among Earth's millions of species, ours is the only one capable of rapidly changing the chemistry of the atmosphere and thereby endangering the whole web of life, from phytoplankton and corals to polar bears and pine trees, from hummingbirds to humans. We are also the only species capable of documenting this disruption, identifying its causes, and acting to counter it. Yet so far we have failed to act on the scale or with the urgency required to avert this unfolding disaster. Why are we failing? What keeps us from caring for the atmosphere as a shared, finite, and fragile envelope for life?
H∞ stabilisation of networked control systems with time delays and packet losses
Authors: LI HONGBO , SUN FUCHUN , SUN ZENGQI , YUAN CHANGQING
Published: September 2014

This paper addresses the H∞ state feedback stabilisation problem for networked control systems (NCSs) in the presence of time delays and packet losses. By introducing the concept of an effective sensor packet, the NCS is transformed into a new discrete-time switched model, where the parameters have a clear physical meaning and can be easily determined. In this framework, we derive the stability conditions of the closed-loop system in the H∞ sense, and also provide the corresponding H∞ stabilising controller design method. Finally, we give simulation and experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Optimal fuzzy PID controller design for an active magnetic bearing system based on adaptive genetic algorithms
Authors: CHEN HUNG-CHENG
Published: September 2014

We propose an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) for the multi-objective optimisation design of a fuzzy PID controller and apply it to the control of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. Unlike PID controllers with fixed gains, a fuzzy PID controller is expressed in terms of fuzzy rules whose consequences employ analytical PID expressions. The PID gains are adaptive and the fuzzy PID controller has more flexibility and capability than conventional ones. Moreover, it can be easily used to develop a precise and fast control algorithm in an optimal design. An adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to design the fuzzy PID controller. The centres of the triangular membership functions and the PID gains for all fuzzy control rules are selected as parameters to be determined. We also present a dynamic model of an AMB system for axial motion. The simulation results of this AMB system show that a fuzzy PID controller designed using the proposed AGA has good performance.
Random logic programs: Linear model
Authors: WANG KEWEN , WEN LIAN , MU KEDIAN
Published: September 2014

This paper proposes a model, the linear model, for randomly generating logic programs with low density of rules and investigates statistical properties of such random logic programs. It is mathematically shown that the average number of answer sets for a random program converges to a constant when the number of atoms approaches infinity. Several experimental results are also reported, which justify the suitability of the linear model. It is also experimentally shown that, under this model, the size distribution of answer sets for random programs tends to a normal distribution when the number of atoms is sufficiently large.
Delirium and severe illness: Etiologies, severity of delirium and phenomenological differences
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Jenewein Josef , Breitbart William
Published: September 2014

Objective:

Our aim was to examine the characteristics of delirium in the severely medically ill cancer population on the basis of sociodemographic and medical variables, delirium severity, and phenomenology, as well as severity of medical illness.

Method:

All subjects in the database were recruited from psychiatric referrals at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Sociodemographic and medical variables, as well as the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scale and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) scores were recorded at baseline. Subsequently, these variables were analyzed with respect to the severity of the medical illness.

Results:

Out of 111 patients, 67 qualified as severely medically ill. KPS scores were 19.7 and 30.7 in less severe illness. There were no significant differences with respect to age, history of dementia, and MDAS scores. Although the severity of delirium did not differ, an increased frequency and severity of consciousness disturbance, disorientation, and inability to maintain and shift attention did exist. With respect to etiologies contributing to delirium, hypoxia and infection were commonly associated with severe illness. In contrast, corticosteroid administration was more often associated with less severe illness. There were no differences with respect to opiate administration, dehydration, and CNS disease, including brain metastasis.

Significance of Results:

Delirium in the severely medically ill cancer population has been characterized by an increased disturbance of consciousness, disorientation, and an inability to maintain and shift attention. However, the severity of illness did not predict severity of delirium. Furthermore, hypoxia and infection were etiologies more commonly associated with delirium in severe illness, whereas the administration of corticosteroids was associated with less severe illness.
A review of legal frameworks for physically restraining and administering intramuscular medications for rapid tranquillisation to a person detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983
Authors: Kuloor Chetan Bangra , Sethi Faisil , Parsons Andrew , O’Brien Aileen , Sweeney Caroline , Lepper Robert , Johnston Andy
Published: September 2014

Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 is routinely used by the police to remove a person thought to be suffering from a mental disorder, from a place to which the public have access, to a place of safety. Persons detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 routinely spend significant amounts of time in a place of safety whilst awaiting a mental health assessment. During that time it is feasible that the patient will require intramuscular medications for rapid tranquillisation, often with the use of physical restraint. However, Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983 does not grant the power to treat a person against their will and there is a lack of clarity on the most appropriate legal framework for physically restraining and administering intramuscular medications for rapid tranquillisation to a person detained under Section 136 of the Mental Health Act 1983. In this article, we attempt to explore the various legal frameworks available and identify the one most appropriate for this purpose.
Economics for a creative world: some agreements and some criticism
Authors: PELIKAN PAVEL
Published: September 2014

These notes on the article by Koppl et al. (2014) contain some agreements and some criticism. Written upon the invitation of the editor-in-chief of this journal, they express personal views of an economist who has been searching in a similar direction – that is, for a better economic theory, more relevant to problems of modern, innovative, and thus possibly called ‘creative’ economies than the existing theories – but in a somewhat different, less abstract, and to standard economic terminology closer style. The strongest agreements are with both parts of the article's objective: to move away from mechanistic economic models and toward a more evolutionary and institutional approach to economic theory and policy. The pursuit of the first part is most seriously criticized for two illegitimate extensions of initially sound arguments, and the pursuit of the second part, for climbing up to a too abstract metatheoretic level, from which it loses the view of the concrete results that modern economics has already obtained.
We don't need another IRAC: identifying global legal skills
Authors: Whalen-Bridge Helena
Published: September 2014

For some time now, there has been a perceived need to prepare law students to handle legal issues beyond national borders. Much has been written on how globalisation should shape legal education, but no clear direction has emerged. There is also a contrary impulse to retain a focus on domestic law in order to prepare students for practice in their home jurisdiction. One way of addressing these apparently contrary impulses is to take a skills approach that articulates the analytical processes distinctively active in a more global context. Some of these skills could then be integrated into a variety of courses. However, skills in the global context should not merely replicate domestic conceptions of skills. This paper proposes that students develop abilities in comparative thinking and heuristic question framing, and reviews the advantages and disadvantages of a course in Comparative Advocacy designed to accomplish these goals.
The Asia-Pacific partnership and market-liberal discourse in global climate governance
Authors: McGee Jeffrey , Taplin Ros
Published: September 2014

This paper shows how international law scholarship might adopt a constructivist interdisciplinary research design to better engage with the political and social context of legal rules and institutions. In 2005 the Asia-Pacific Partnership was launched by the United States and Australia as a climate change institution outside the UN climate process. Controversially, the Member States claimed the Asia-Pacific Partnership was complementary to the UN climate process. This paper investigates the veracity of this claim by analysing the normative compatibility of the Partnership and the UN climate process. The paper adopts Dryzek's discourse theory to analyse the shared ideas and assumptions underlying both institutions. This analysis indicates that the Asia-Pacific Partnership embodied a deep market-liberal discourse that is in significant tension with the more interventionist and equity-based principles underpinning the UN climate process. This market-liberal discourse is important for understanding recent developments in global climate governance.
The return of sociology in Danish socio-legal studies: a survey of recent trends
Authors: Hammerslev Ole , Madsen Mikael Rask
Published: September 2014

This paper surveys recent trends in the development of the sociology of law in Denmark. The overall argument of the paper is that, currently, the sociology of law in Denmark is marked by a striking sociological and more specifically institutional and empirical turn. This new direction in scholarship suggests not only a renewed research focus on the institutional dimensions of law but it also – and very differently from work from the 1980s and 1990s – suggests a re-orientation towards sociology more generally. A clear consequence of this return to the sociological core of the sociology of law has been an empirical orientation towards how law is practised, how legal institutions work and, as part of that, how the legal profession takes part in both legal change and transformations of state and society. This new research relies not only on general sociological theory and method but also on the more specific elite sociology, sociology of professions and sociology of knowledge.
Symbolic regression of generative network models
Authors: Menezes Telmo , Roth Camille
Published: September 2014

Networks are a powerful abstraction with applicability to a variety of scientific fields. Models explaining their morphology and growth processes permit a wide range of phenomena to be more systematically analysed and understood. At the same time, creating such models is often challenging and requires insights that may be counter-intuitive. Yet there currently exists no general method to arrive at better models. We have developed an approach to automatically detect realistic decentralised network growth models from empirical data, employing a machine learning technique inspired by natural selection and defining a unified formalism to describe such models as computer programs. As the proposed method is completely general and does not assume any pre-existing models, it can be applied “out of the box” to any given network. To validate our approach empirically, we systematically rediscover pre-defined growth laws underlying several canonical network generation models and credible laws for diverse real-world networks. We were able to find programs that are simple enough to lead to an actual understanding of the mechanisms proposed, namely for a simple brain and a social network.
Rapid and simultaneous detection of ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and saxitoxin by chemiluminescence-based microarray immunoassay
Authors: Szkola A. , Linares E. M. , Worbs S. , Dorner B. G. , Dietrich R. , Märtlbauer E. , Niessner R. , Seidel M.
Published: September 2014

Simultaneous detection of proteotoxins, ricin and SEB, and small toxin, STX, on a chemiluminescence-based microarray using anti-idiotypic antibody for STX.
Fabrication and laser patterning of polystyrene optical oxygen sensor films for lab-on-a-chip applications
Authors: Grist S. M. , Oyunerdene N. , Flueckiger J. , Kim J. , Wong P. C. , Chrostowski L. , Cheung K. C.
Published: September 2014

Fabrication process flow for the new oxygen sensor fabrication and patterning process.
Chemiluminescent assay of phenol in wastewater using HRP-catalysed luminol oxidation with and without enhancers
Authors: Vdovenko Marina M. , Papper Vladislav , Marks Robert S. , Sakharov Ivan Yu.
Published: September 2014

Two methods for phenol determination based on the suppression of chemiluminescence (CL) produced upon HRP-catalysed oxidation of luminol were developed.
A novel mesoporous carbon@silicon–silica nanostructure for high-performance Li-ion battery anodes
Authors: He Qianjun , Xu Chaohe , Luo Jianqiang , Wu Wei , Shi Jianlin
Published: September 2014

A novel hierarchical nanostructure with graphite-like carbon and small Si nanocrystals, respectively, encapsulated in the mesopores and embedded in a silica framework of mesoporous silica nanoparticles is constructed for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
Facile synthesis of PdPt nanoalloys with sub-2.0 nm islands as robust electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation
Authors: Huang Da-Bing , Yuan Qiang , Wang Hong-Hui , Zhou Zhi-You
Published: September 2014

The high-yield, composition-tunable PdPt nanoalloys with sub-2.0 nm islands were first achieved through a facile aqueous approach.
Distance dependent charge separation and recombination in semiconductor/molecular catalyst systems for water splitting
Authors: Reynal Anna , Willkomm Janina , Muresan Nicoleta M. , Lakadamyali Fezile , Planells Miquel , Reisner Erwin , Durrant James R.
Published: September 2014

The molecular structure of the catalyst strongly influences the kinetics of charge separation and recombination.
Ultrasound-induced transformation of fluorescent organic nanoparticles from a molecular rotor into rhomboidal nanocrystals with enhanced emission
Authors: Koenig Matthias , Torres Tomás , Barone Vincenzo , Brancato Giuseppe , Guldi Dirk M. , Bottari Giovanni
Published: September 2014

The unprecedented ultrasound-induced transformation of fluorescent organic nanoparticles based on a molecular rotor into rhomboidal nanocrystals with enhanced stability and increased emission is presented.
Copper-catalyzed sequential N-arylation of C-amino-NH-azoles
Authors: Nageswar Rao D. , Rasheed Sk. , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Das Parthasarathi
Published: September 2014

Copper(ii)-catalyzed boronic acid promoted C–N bond cross-coupling reactions have been developed for sequential N-arylation of C-amino-NH-azoles.
Spiranic BODIPYs: a ground-breaking design to improve the energy transfer in molecular cassettes
Authors: Sánchez-Carnerero Esther M. , Gartzia-Rivero Leire , Moreno Florencio , Maroto Beatriz L. , Agarrabeitia Antonia R. , Ortiz María J. , Bañuelos Jorge , López-Arbeloa Íñigo , de la Moya Santiago
Published: September 2014

From a flexible cassette it is possible to boost the EET by a simple spiranic design.
Visualized detection of melamine in milk by supramolecular hydrogelations
Authors: Zhang Jianwu , Ou Caiwen , Shi Yang , Wang Ling , Chen Minsheng , Yang Zhimou
Published: September 2014

We reported on a simple assay for visualized detection of melamine in milk by supramolecular hydrogelations.
Regulated assemblies and anion responsive vesicles based on 1,3-alternate oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazene amphiphiles
Authors: He Qing , Huang Zhi-Tang , Wang De-Xian
Published: September 2014

Regulated assemblies from vesicles to micelles based on 1,3-alternate oxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine amphiphilic molecules were reported.
Metal–metal redox synergy in selective B–H activation of ortho-carborane-9,12-dithiolate
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Zhou Zhiwen , Yan Hong
Published: September 2014

Metal–metal redox synergy is introduced, for the first time, for B–H functionalization of inert dicarba-dodecaboranes under mild conditions in high yields.
An acid-free rechargeable battery based on PbSO4and spinel LiMn2O4
Authors: Liu Yu , Wen Zubiao , Wu Xiongwei , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Yuping , Holze Rudolf
Published: September 2014

A low cost and more user friendly rechargeable battery with good electrochemical performance, which is of great promise to reduce the amount of Pb used by 50%.
Fast carbon dioxide recycling by reaction with γ-Mg(BH4)2
Authors: Vitillo Jenny G. , Groppo Elena , Bardají Elisa Gil , Baricco Marcello , Bordiga Silvia
Published: September 2014

γ-Mg(BH4)2 was found to be a promising material for CO2 recycling (mainly to format and alkoxide-like compounds) with very fast kinetics because of its very large surface area.
Photoelectrochemical reduction of aqueous protons with a CuO|CuBi2O4heterojunction under visible light irradiation
Authors: Park Hyun S. , Lee Chong-Yong , Reisner Erwin
Published: September 2014

A p-type heterojunction photoelectrode consisting of platinized CuBi2O4layered on a CuO film generates H2in pH neutral aqueous solution during visible light irradiation.
Equilibrium voltage and overpotential variation of nonaqueous Li–O2batteries using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique
Authors: Cui Z. H. , Guo X. X. , Li H.
Published: September 2014

Key thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the Li–O2battery are studied by the GITT technique for the first time.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of key intermediates (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-α,β-butenolide and (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone via lipase-mediated Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of levoglucosenone
Authors: Flourat A. L. , Peru A. A. M. , Teixeira A. R. S. , Brunissen F. , Allais F.
Published: September 2014

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of levoglucosenone with CAL-B and solid buffers provided valuable lactones in high yields in only 2 hours while allowing enzyme recyclability.
A reliable and programmable acoustofluidic pump powered by oscillating sharp-edge structures
Authors: Huang Po-Hsun , Nama Nitesh , Mao Zhangming , Li Peng , Rufo Joseph , Chen Yuchao , Xie Yuliang , Wei Cheng-Hsin , Wang Lin , Huang Tony Jun
Published: September 2014

A highly reliable, programmable, and cost-effective acoustofluidic pump is demonstrated utilizing the acoustic streaming effects generated by the oscillation of tilted sharp-edge structures.
Uptake mechanisms for inorganic iron and ferric citrate in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101
Authors: Roe Kelly L. , Barbeau Katherine A.
Published: September 2014

Trichodesmium erythraeumIMS101 utilizes two different iron uptake systems to acquire iron from FeCl3and ferric citrate, potentially allowingTrichodesmiumto have a competitive advantage in its bacteria-rich colony environment.
Formation and dynamics of core–shell droplets in immiscible polymer blends
Authors: Huang Y. J. , Kong M. Q. , Chen G. L. , Yang Q. , Li G. X.
Published: September 2014

Two mechanisms of generating core–shell droplets, namely the rupture of blend films and the disintegration of compound threads, were identified.
Fabrication of high strength PVA/rGO composite fibers by gel spinning
Authors: Li Jingjing , Shao Leishan , Zhou Xiaohai , Wang Yinghan
Published: September 2014

High strength composite fibers were prepared from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (degree of polymerization: 6100) reinforced by reduced graphene oxide (rGO).
Effect of co-monomers' relative concentration on self-assembling behaviour of side-chain liquid crystalline elastomers
Authors: Domenici Valentina , Milavec Jerneja , Bubnov Alexej , Pociecha Damian , Zupančič Blaž , Rešetič Andraž , Hamplová Věra , Gorecka Ewa , Zalar Boštjan
Published: September 2014

A new series of liquid single crystal elastomers having a nematic–SmA and a direct isotropic–SmA phase transition.
Nanopatterns of polymer brushes for understanding protein adsorption on the nanoscale
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Berger Rüdiger , Ramos Jagoba Iturri , Wang Tao , Koynov Kaloian , Liu Guangming , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Wu Si
Published: September 2014

Nanopatterns of polymer brushes enable us to directly image protein adsorption/desorption processes on the polymer brushes by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Natural halloysite nanotubes modified as an aspirin carrier
Authors: Lun Huilin , Ouyang Jing , Yang Huaming
Published: September 2014

Natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane were used as an aspirin carrier.
Exploring energy transfer between pyrene complexes and europium ions – potential routes to oxygen sensors
Authors: Hueting Rebekka , Tropiano Manuel , Faulkner Stephen
Published: September 2014

Oxygen dependent luminescence in pyrene appended europium complexes is shown to arise in two different ways. The nature of the pathway can be controlled by varying the lanthanide–pyrene separation.
Deposition of Pd/graphene aerogel on nickel foam as a binder-free electrode for direct electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol
Authors: Tsang Chi-Him A. , Hui K. N. , Hui K. S. , Ren L.
Published: September 2014

We reported a simple and green method to fabricate various palladium (0.8, 2.17, 7.65 wt%) loaded graphene aerogel deposited on nickel foam (Pd/GA/NF) as binder-free direct electrodes for electro-oxidation of methanol and ethanol.
Improving the performance of PEDOT-PSS coated sulfur@activated porous graphene composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Han , Sun Minqiang , Zhang Tao , Fang Yuqian , Wang Gengchao
Published: September 2014

A novel PEDOT/S@aPG composite with good cycling stability and excellent rate capability is prepared.
Evolution of porosity in carbide-derived carbon aerogels
Authors: Oschatz M. , Nickel W. , Thommes M. , Cychosz K. A. , Leistner M. , Adam M. , Mondin G. , Strubel P. , Borchardt L. , Kaskel S.
Published: September 2014

Strongly hierarchical carbide-derived carbon aerogels with high total porosity, rapid adsorption kinetics, and precisely controllable microstructure are reported.
Enthalpy of formation and thermodynamic insights into yttrium doped BaZrO3
Authors: Gonçalves M. D. , Maram P. S. , Muccillo R. , Navrotsky A.
Published: September 2014

This work brings insights into the defect chemistry of YBZ solid solutions by measuring enthalpies of formation. We find a correlation between the obtained thermodynamic data and the known trend of the proton conductivity of YBZ solid solutions. This study is important for informed thermodynamic history-based materials selection and processing for specific applications.
UF membrane with highly improved flux by hydrophilic network between graphene oxide and brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)
Authors: Yang Lijia , Tang Beibei , Wu Peiyi
Published: September 2014

PEI–GO/BPPO membranes with highly rough surfaces and hydrophilic cross-linking networks are formed by PEI–GO covalent bonded with BPPO.
Understanding the electronic and ionic conduction and lithium over-stoichiometry in LiMn2O4 spinel
Authors: Hoang Khang
Published: September 2014

Spinel-type LiMn2O4 is prone to lithium over-stoichiometry in which a certain amount of lithium ions occupy the manganese sites.
Fabrication and evaluation of electrospun PCL–gelatin micro-/nanofiber membranes for anti-infective GTR implants
Authors: Xue Jiajia , He Min , Liang Yuanzhe , Crawford Aileen , Coates Phil , Chen Dafu , Shi Rui , Zhang Liqun
Published: September 2014

Infection is the major reason for GTR/GBR membrane failure in clinical applications.
Inhibition of atherosclerosis-promoting microRNAs via targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles
Authors: Kuo Cheng-Hsiang , Leon Lorraine , Chung Eun Ji , Huang Ru-Ting , Sontag Timothy J. , Reardon Catherine A. , Getz Godfrey S. , Tirrell Matthew , Fang Yun
Published: September 2014

Polyelectrolyte complex micelles have great potential as gene delivery vehicles because of their ability to encapsulate charged nucleic acids forming a core by neutralizing their charge, while simultaneously protecting the nucleic acids from non-specific interactions and enzymatic degradation.
One-step synthesis of biocompatible magnetite/silk fibroin core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Sheng Weiqin , Liu Jing , Liu Shanshan , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L. , Zhu Hesun
Published: September 2014

Core–shell Fe3O4/SF nanoparticles, prepared by silk fibroin in one step, could be widely used in biomedical areas, such as contrast agents and targets with some surface modification.
Co-caged gold nanoclusters and methyl motifs lead to detoxification of dendrimers and allow cytosolic access for siRNA transfection
Authors: Chien Chih-Te , Liu Chia-Yeh , Wu Zong-Wei , Chen Pin-Jyun , Chu Ching-Liang , Lin Shu-Yi
Published: September 2014

A simple co-caging strategy for siRNA transfection is reported that focuses on overcoming the two limitations of dendrimers – inherent toxicity and inefficient cytosolic access.
Self‐organising comprehensive handover strategy for multi‐tier LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks
Authors: Behjati Mohammadreza , Cosmas John Paul , Nilavalan Rajagopal , Araniti Giuseppe , Condoluci Massimo
Published: September 2014

Long term evolution (LTE)‐advanced was introduced as real fourth generation (4G) with its new features and additional functions, satisfying the growing demands of quality and network coverage for the network operators’ subscribers. The term muti‐tier has also been recently used with respect to the heterogeneity of the network by applying the various sub‐network cooperative systems and functionalities with self‐organising capabilities. Using indoor short‐range low‐power cellular base stations, for example, femtocells, in cooperation with existing long‐range macrocells are considered as the key technical challenge of this multi‐tier configuration. Furthermore, shortage of network spectrum is a major concern for network operators which forces them to spend additional attentions to overcome the degradation in performance and quality of services in 4G HetNets. This study investigates handover between the different layers of a heterogeneous LTE‐advanced system, as a critical attribute to plan the best way of interactive coordination within the network for the proposed HetNet. The proposed comprehensive handover algorithm takes multiple factors in both handover sensing and decision stages, based on signal power reception, resource availability and handover optimisation, as well as prioritisation among macro and femto stations, to obtain maximum signal quality while avoiding unnecessary handovers.
Electronic structure and rovibrational properties of ZnOH in the $\tilde{X}\; ^{2}A^\prime$X̃2A′ electronic state: A computational molecular spectroscopy study
Authors: Hirano Tsuneo , Andaloussi Mounir Ben Dahman , Nagashima Umpei , Jensen Per
Published: September 2014

The three-dimensional ground-state potential energy surface of ZnOH has been calculated ab initio at the MR-SDCI+Q_DK3/[QZP ANO-RCC (Zn, O, H)] level of theory and used as basis for a study of the rovibrational properties carried out by means of the program MORBID (Morse Oscillator Rigid Bender Internal Dynamics). The electronic ground state is  2A′ (correlating with 2Σ+ at the linear configuration). The equilibrium structure has re(Zn–O) = 1.8028 Å, re(O–H) = 0.9606 Å, and ∠e(Zn–O–H) = 114.9°. The Zn–O bond is essentially ionic, with appreciable covalency. The bonding character is compared with those of FeOH (quasi-linear) and CsOH (linear). The rovibrationally averaged structural parameters, determined as expectation values over MORBID wavefunctions, are ⟨r(Zn–O)⟩0 = 1.8078 Å, ⟨r(O–H)⟩0 = 0.9778 Å, and ⟨∠(Zn–O–H)⟩0 = 117°. The Yamada-Winnewisser quasi-linearity parameter is found to be γ0 = 0.84, which is close to 1.0 as expected for a bent molecule. Since no experimental rovibrational spectrum has been reported thus far, this spectrum has been simulated from the ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. The amphoteric character of ZnOH is also discussed.
Development of a Big Area BackLighter for high energy density experiments
Authors: Flippo K. A. , Kline J. L. , Doss F. W. , Loomis E. N. , Emerich M. , Devolder B. , Murphy T. J. , Fournier K. B. , Kalantar D. H. , Regan S. P. , Barrios M. A. , Merritt E. C. , Perry T. S. , Tregillis I. L. , Welser-Sherrill L. , Fincke J. R.
Published: September 2014

A very large area (7.5 mm2) laser-driven x-ray backlighter, termed the Big Area BackLighter (BABL) has been developed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to support high energy density experiments. The BABL provides an alternative to Pinhole-Apertured point-projection Backlighting (PABL) for a large field of view. This bypasses the challenges for PABL in the equatorial plane of the NIF target chamber where space is limited because of the unconverted laser light that threatens the diagnostic aperture, the backlighter foil, and the pinhole substrate. A transmission experiment using 132 kJ of NIF laser energy at a maximum intensity of 8.52 × 1014 W/cm2 illuminating the BABL demonstrated good conversion efficiency of >3.5% into K-shell emission producing ∼4.6 kJ of high energy x rays, while yielding high contrast images with a highly uniform background that agree well with 2D simulated spectra and spatial profiles.
Traffic time series analysis by using multiscale time irreversibility and entropy
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Shang Pengjian , Fang Jintang
Published: September 2014

Traffic systems, especially urban traffic systems, are regulated by different kinds of interacting mechanisms which operate across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Traditional approaches fail to account for the multiple time scales inherent in time series, such as empirical probability distribution function and detrended fluctuation analysis, which have lead to different results. The role of multiscale analytical method in traffic time series is a frontier area of investigation. In this paper, our main purpose is to introduce a new method—multiscale time irreversibility, which is helpful to extract information from traffic time series we studied. In addition, to analyse the complexity of traffic volume time series of Beijing Ring 2, 3, 4 roads between workdays and weekends, which are from August 18, 2012 to October 26, 2012, we also compare the results by this new method and multiscale entropy method we have known well. The results show that the higher asymmetry index we get, the higher traffic congestion level will be, and accord with those which are obtained by multiscale entropy.
Fast security risk assessment of the power system with wind power penetration
Authors: Duan Yao , Zhang Buhan , Liu Yifang
Published: September 2014

Security risk assessment difficulties brought about by uncertainties can be solved by probabilistic power flow. A security risk assessment scheme of the power system using fast probabilistic power flow is proposed in this paper. The scheme applied probabilistic power flow on fast decoupled power flow model, considering multi-scenario of wind power and static characteristics of power systems, gaining the probabilistic distribution information of each desired variable by improved Von Mises method based on cumulants. Besides voltages and branch flows, the scheme can also obtain the distribution of frequency to assess the power system completely, which is not concerned in conventional probabilistic power flow calculation. The proposed algorithm was realized by programming based on Matpower 4.0. The examples executed on IEEE RTS-24 system demonstrate the rapidity, validity, and prospect for online application of the proposed scheme.