bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A network perspective on the evolution of metabolism by gene duplication
Authors: Díaz-Mejía Juan Javier , Pérez-Rueda Ernesto , Segovia Lorenzo
Published: February 2007

Background

Gene duplication followed by divergence is one of the main sources of metabolic versatility. The patchwork and stepwise models of metabolic evolution help us to understand these processes, but their assumptions are relatively simplistic. We used a network-based approach to determine the influence of metabolic constraints on the retention of duplicated genes.

Results

We detected duplicated genes by looking for enzymes sharing homologous domains and uncovered an increased retention of duplicates for enzymes catalyzing consecutive reactions, as illustrated by the ligases acting in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. As a consequence, metabolic networks show a high retention of duplicates within functional modules, and we found a preferential biochemical coupling of reactions that partially explains this bias. A similar situation was found in enzyme-enzyme interaction networks, but not in interaction networks of non-enzymatic proteins or gene transcriptional regulatory networks, suggesting that the retention of duplicates results from the biochemical rules governing substrate-enzyme-product relationships. We confirmed a high retention of duplicates between chemically similar reactions, as illustrated by fatty-acid metabolism. The retention of duplicates between chemically dissimilar reactions is, however, also greater than expected by chance. Finally, we detected a significant retention of duplicates as groups, instead of single pairs.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that in silico modeling of the origin and evolution of metabolism is improved by the inclusion of specific functional constraints, such as the preferential biochemical coupling of reactions. We suggest that the stepwise and patchwork models are not independent of each other: in fact, the network perspective enables us to reconcile and combine these models.
RNA-editing-mediated exon evolution
Authors: Lev-Maor Galit , Sorek Rotem , Levanon Erez Y , Paz Nurit , Eisenberg Eli , Ast Gil
Published: February 2007

Background

Alu retroelements are specific to primates and abundant in the human genome. Through mutations that create functional splice sites within intronic Alus, these elements can become new exons in a process denoted exonization. It was recently shown that Alu elements are also heavily changed by RNA editing in the human genome.

Results

Here we show that the human nuclear prelamin A recognition factor contains a primate-specific Alu-exon that exclusively depends on RNA editing for its exonization. We demonstrate that RNA editing regulates the exonization in a tissue-dependent manner, through both the creation of a functional AG 3' splice site, and alteration of functional exonic splicing enhancers within the exon. Furthermore, a premature stop codon within the Alu-exon is eliminated by an exceptionally efficient RNA editing event. The sequence surrounding this editing site is important not only for editing of that site but also for editing in other neighboring sites as well.

Conclusion

Our results show that the abundant RNA editing of Alu sequences can be recruited as a mechanism supporting the birth of new exons in the human genome.
Sunitinib: From Rational Design to Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Chow Laura Q.M. , Eckhardt S. Gail
Published: February 2007

Sunitinib (SU011248) is an oral small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor that exhibits potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as SU6668 and SU5416 (semaxanib) demonstrated poor pharmacologic properties and limited efficacy; therefore, sunitinib was rationally designed and chosen for its high bioavailability and its nanomolar-range potency against the antiangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)—vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Sunitinib inhibits other tyrosine kinases including, KIT, FLT3, colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), and RET, which are involved in a number of malignancies including small-cell lung cancer, GI stromal tumors (GISTs), breast cancer, acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Sunitinib demonstrated robust antitumor activity in preclinical studies resulting not only in tumor growth inhibition, but tumor regression in models of colon cancer, non–small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, renal carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, which were associated with inhibition of VEGFR and PDGFR phosphorylation. Clinical activity was demonstrated in neuroendocrine, colon, and breast cancers in phase II studies, whereas definitive efficacy has been demonstrated in advanced renal cell carcinoma and in imatinib-refractory GISTs, leading to US Food and Drug Administration approval of sunitinib for treatment of these two diseases. Studies investigating sunitinib alone in various tumor types and in combination with chemotherapy are ongoing. The clinical benchmarking of this small-molecule inhibitor of members of the split-kinase domain family of RTKs will lead to additional insights regarding the biology, potential biomarkers, and clinical utility of agents that target multiple signaling pathways in tumor, stromal, and endothelial compartments.
Gene Expression Signature in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients Select Drugs and Response for the Use of Leucovorin, Fluorouracil, and Irinotecan
Authors: Del Rio Maguy , Molina Franck , Bascoul-Mollevi Caroline , Copois Virginie , Bibeau Frédéric , Chalbos Patrick , Bareil Corinne , Kramar Andrew , Salvetat Nicolas , Fraslon Caroline , Conseiller Emmanuel , Granci Virginie , Leblanc Benjamin , Pau Bernard , Martineau Pierre , Ychou Marc
Published: February 2007

Purpose

In patients with advanced colorectal cancer, leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) is considered as one of the reference first-line treatments. However, only about half of treated patients respond to this regimen, and there is no clinically useful marker that predicts response. A major clinical challenge is to identify the subset of patients who could benefit from this chemotherapy. We aimed to identify a gene expression profile in primary colon cancer tissue that could predict chemotherapy response.

Patients and Methods

Tumor colon samples from 21 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed for gene expression profiling using Human Genome GeneChip arrays U133. At the end of the first-line treatment, the best observed response, according to WHO criteria, was used to define the responders and nonresponders. Discriminatory genes were first selected by the significance analysis of microarrays algorithm and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A predictor classifier was then constructed using support vector machines. Finally, leave-one-out cross validation was used to estimate the performance and the accuracy of the output class prediction rule.

Results

We determined a set of 14 predictor genes of response to FOLFIRI. Nine of nine responders (100% specificity) and 11 of 12 nonresponders (92% sensitivity) were classified correctly, for an overall accuracy of 95%.

Conclusion

After validation in an independent cohort of patients, our gene signature could be used as a decision tool to assist oncologists in selecting colorectal cancer patients who could benefit from FOLFIRI chemotherapy, both in the adjuvant and the first-line metastatic setting.
Direct Intracerebral Delivery of Cintredekin Besudotox (IL13-PE38QQR) in Recurrent Malignant Glioma: A Report by the Cintredekin Besudotox Intraparenchymal Study Group
Authors: Kunwar Sandeep , Prados Michael D. , Chang Susan M. , Berger Mitchel S. , Lang Frederick F. , Piepmeier Joseph M. , Sampson John H. , Ram Zvi , Gutin Philip H. , Gibbons Robert D. , Aldape Kenneth D. , Croteau David J. , Sherman Jeffrey W. , Puri Raj K.
Published: February 2007

Purpose

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating brain tumor with a median survival of 6 months after recurrence. Cintredekin besudotox (CB) is a recombinant protein consisting of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38QQR). Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a locoregional-administration method leading to high-tissue concentrations with large volume of distributions. We assessed the use of intracerebral CED to deliver CB in patients with recurrent malignant glioma (MG).

Patients and Methods

Three phase I clinical studies evaluated intracerebral CED of CB along with tumor resection. The main objectives were to assess the tolerability of various concentrations and infusion durations; tissue distribution; and methods for optimizing delivery. All patients underwent tumor resection followed by a single intraparenchymal infusion (in addition to the intraparenchymal one following resection), with a portion of patients who had a preresection intratumoral infusion.

Results

A total of 51 patients with MG were treated including 46 patients with GBM. The maximum tolerated intraparenchymal concentration was 0.5 μg/mL and tumor necrosis was observed at this concentration. Infusion durations of up to 6 days were well tolerated. Postoperative catheter placement appears to be important for optimal drug distribution. CB- and procedure-related adverse events were primarily limited to the CNS. Overall median survival for GBM patients is 42.7 weeks and 55.6 weeks for patients with optimally positioned catheters with patient follow-up extending beyond 5 years.

Conclusion

CB appears to have a favorable risk-benefit profile. CED is a complex delivery method requiring catheter placement via a second procedure to achieve accurate catheter positioning, better drug distribution, and better outcome.
Tumor Vascular Proteins As Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Buckanovich Ronald J. , Sasaroli Dimitra , O'Brien-Jenkins Anne , Botbyl Jeffrey , Hammond Rachel , Katsaros Dionysios , Sandaltzopoulos Raphael , Liotta Lance A. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Coukos George
Published: February 2007

Purpose

This study aimed to identify novel ovarian cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets through molecular analysis of tumor vascular cells.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry-guided laser-capture microdissection and genome-wide transcriptional profiling were used to identify genes that were differentially expressed between vascular cells from human epithelial ovarian cancer and healthy ovaries. Tumor vascular markers (TVMs) were validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of immunopurified tumor endothelial cells, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. TVM expression in tumors and noncancerous tissues was assessed by qRT-PCR and was profiled using gene expression data.

Results

We identified a tumor vascular cell profile of ovarian cancer that was distinct from the vascular profile of normal ovary and other tumors. We validated 12 novel ovarian TVMs. These were expressed by immunopurified tumor endothelial cells and localized to tumor vasculature. Select TVMs were found to be specifically expressed in ovarian cancer and were absent in all normal tissues tested, including female reproductive tissues with physiologic angiogenesis. Many ovarian TVMs were expressed by a variety of other solid tumors. Finally, overexpression of any one of three ovarian TVMs by vascular cells was associated with decreased disease-free interval (all P < .005).

Conclusion

We have identified for the first time the molecular profile of ovarian tumor vasculature. We demonstrate that TVMs may serve as potential biomarkers and molecular targets for ovarian cancer and a variety of other solid tumors.
An audit of training in laparoscopic appendicectomy in the South Thames Region
Authors: Kukreja N , Bhan C , Schizas A
Published: February 2007

Appendicitis is extremely common, with a lifetime risk of 8% in the UK. McBurney performed the first appendicectomy in 1889. Operative treatment remains the mainstay of treatment for acute appendicitis: this procedure has altered little since it was developed. Open appendicectomy is often the first abdominal operation undertaken by the surgical trainee and therefore forms an important part of training for the junior surgeon. Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) represents the biggest change in the management of acute appendicitis since the introduction of the open procedure. An increasing number of surgeons are performing LA. In spite of this, there remains huge variation in the ability of SpRs to perform this procedure.
A view of surgery from the bottom of the pile: an FYI looking up
Authors: Al-Wakeel YB , Fawcett D
Published: February 2007

Two things strike me: in almost every other high-flying profession aspiring young graduates work longer in order to gain experience. Young bankers, lawyers and accountants do not seem as constrained by EWTD as the medical profession. Second, the authors touch on the fashionable devolution of responsibility to the multidisciplinary team. Management by committee has never been an example of NHS efficiency. Consultant surgeons are losing their authority in the overall responsible management of patients to a 'committee of carers'. Senior doctors have let down young surgeons of today by not being robust enough in the opposition to many 'reforms' and questioning the evidence on which they were based. It is our loss that so many talented young doctors are seeking and gaining exciting professional lives abroad.
Lessons learned from RITAs pilots
Authors: Collins Elizabeth
Published: February 2007

Over recent months Mersey, Northern and Wessex deaneries, running pilot ST1 and ST2 programmes, held Record of In-Training Assessments (RITAs) for trainees. Following reports to the core surgical training committee forum in January 2007, this article seeks to identify lessons learned from the experience of pilots. It also considers the interface between RITA, the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Project (ISCP) and its website, and how that relationship may be developed.
Shortlisting for higher surgical training: now and the future
Authors: Durani P , Rajan P , Menon A , Pickard RS
Published: February 2007

The Modernising Medical Careers changes to higher surgical training are almost upon us. Selection into ST1–3 has begun, but what are the most important selection criteria and how have they changed from the old Calman-system? Applicants are desperate to succeed but when it comes to knowing what specialty programme directors look for in a candidate, they have little to go on. This paper goes some way to answering these questions and perhaps gives applicants some useful insight into the minds of those with the power to say 'yes'.
Constructive chaos and training in the NHS
Authors: Avery Brian
Published: February 2007

Constructive chaos is newly coined political jargon used to justify present upheaval for future benefit. Within the NHS we have seen upheaval with a detrimental effect on training in dentistry and surgery. What has been going on? First there was the intrusion of the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) into the NHS. By and large, this directive is a good thing because it will restrict the working hours of doctors in hospitals to 56 hours per week by 2007 and 48 hours by 2009.
An Update on Longitudinal Twin and Family Studies
Authors: Bartels Meike
Published: February 2007

With the development of large twin-family registers worldwide (see the December 2006 issue of Twin Research and Human Genetics for an overview) new options for research projects become feasible, including longitudinal studies. In this special issue on Longitudinal Twin and Family Studies, several aspects of longitudinal research are highlighted and an overview of results is given from European, Australian and United States twin studies. These studies deal with a time span from birth to adulthood and a wide range of phenotypes is covered. Data collection in some studies is age/cohort driven; in others, subjects are followed from different ages at regular time intervals. Most studies are based on data collection in twins, but adoption and parent–offspring data designs are described as well. The overview of results of current longitudinal projects makes this special issue a reference resource for longitudinal research in developmental behavior genetics.
Developmental Origins of Low Mathematics Performance and Normal Variation in Twins from 7 to 9 Years
Authors: Haworth Claire M. A. , Kovas Yulia , Petrill Stephen A. , Plomin Robert
Published: February 2007

A previous publication reported the etiology of mathematics performance in 7-year-old twins (Oliver et al., 2004). As part of the same longitudinal study we investigated low mathematics performance and normal variation in a representative United Kingdom sample of 1713 same-sex 9-year-old twins based on teacher-assessed National Curriculum standards. Univariate individual differences and DeFries-Fulker extremes analyses were performed. Similar to our results at 7 years, all mathematics scores at 9 years showed high heritability (.62–.75) and low shared environmental estimates (.00–.11) for both the low performance group and the full sample. Longitudinal analyses were performed from 7 to 9 years. These longitudinal analyses indicated strong genetic continuity from 7 to 9 years for both low performance and mathematics in the normal range. We conclude that, despite the considerable differences in mathematics curricula from 7 to 9 years, the same genetic effects largely operate at the two ages.
Genetic and Cultural Transmission of Antisocial Behavior: An Extended Twin Parent Model
Authors: Maes Hermine H. , Silberg Judy L. , Neale Michael C. , Eaves Lindon J.
Published: February 2007

Considerable evidence from twin and adoption studies indicates that both genetic and shared environmental factors play a substantial role in the liability to antisocial behavior. Although twin and adoption designs can resolve genetic and environmental influences, they do not provide information about assortative mating, parent–offspring transmission, or the contribution of these factors to trait variation. We examined the role of genetic and environmental factors for conduct disorder (CD) using a twin–parent design. This design allows the simultaneous estimation of additive genetic, shared and individual-specific environmental effects, as well as sex differences in the expression of genes and environment in the presence of assortative mating and combined genetic and cultural transmission. A retrospective measure of CD was obtained from twins and their parents or guardians in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavior Development and its Young Adult Follow up sample. Both genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the liability to CD. Major influences on individual differences appeared to be additive genetic (38%–40%) and unique environmental (39%–42%) effects, with smaller contributions from the shared environment (18%–23%), assortative mating (~2%), cultural transmission (~2%) and resulting genotype-environment covariance. This study showed significant heritability, which is slightly increased by assortative mating, and significant effects of primarily nonparental shared environment on CD.
A More Accurate Estimate of Heritability
Authors: Lykken David T.
Published: February 2007

All psychological and psychophysiological traits vary, often widely, about their stable set-point values, due to transitory environmental influences. Because it is this stable set-point that embodies the genetically determined component of the trait, twin and family data based on one-time trait measurements must underestimate true trait heritability. The means of multiple measurements, taken months or years apart, then correlated within pairs of monozygotic twins, would yield an accurate estimate of the broad heritability of the set-point value, but such data are rare and expensive. Given just two measurements sufficiently far apart, the cross-twin cross-time correlation (RCT), divided by the retest or within-twin cross-time correlation (RWT), provides a valid estimate of set-point heritability. This article examines data from young and middle-aged twins who were tested twice, 3 or more years apart, on heart rate and blood pressure, personality traits, self-rating items, occupational and recreational interests, as well as on Wechsler Intelligence Scales. In every case, the disattenuatedRCTrevealed substantially higher heritability than indicated by correlations based on single measurements.
Comparative Development of Surviving Co-Twins of Vanishing Twin Conceptions, Twins and Singletons
Authors: Anand Dhullipala , Platt Mary Jane , Pharoah Peter O. D.
Published: February 2007

Early loss of one fetus in a multiple gestation as a ‘vanishing’ twin is a well recognized phenomenon. It is uncertain whether this has an impact on the development of the surviving co-twin. The aim of this study is to compare the development of singletons, twins and the surviving co-twins of a vanishing twin. The 324 children born to 229 women who were recruited into the study between 1999 and 2001 formed the study population. Children were assessed at 1 year of age with Griffiths Mental and Developmental Scales. A neurological examination was performed using an optimality score to exclude those with severe neurodisability. Three hundred and five children (92 singletons, 180 twins and 33 survivors with a vanishing twin) were included. The sub- and general quotient scores in singletons and surviving co-twins of a vanishing twin did not differ significantly. Twins had significantly lower scores than singletons in all areas of development and were more likely to be born early with lower birthweights. Following adjustment for gestation and birthweight, the difference between the two groups was nullified suggesting that the slower development of twins is related to their prematurity and lower birthweight.
Personality at Ages 16 and 17 and Drinking Problems at Ages 18 and 25: Genetic Analyses of Data from FinnTwin 16–25
Authors: Viken Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Rose Richard J.
Published: February 2007

We enrolled more than 3500 same-sex twins from 5 consecutive Finnish birth cohorts into a longitudinal study as each cohort reached age 16. Twins completed the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory at baseline, Sensation Seeking Scale items as each cohort reached age 17, and later, at average ages 18.5 and 25, the Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index (RAPI). Using raw maximum likelihood estimation, we fit a Cholesky model to the 4 variables assessed at 4 ages across the 4 twin types; we estimated genetic and environmental influences on the stability of alcohol problems across development and the genetic and environmental contributions to predictive correlations between adolescent personality and later alcohol-related behavior problems. With one exception, the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations were very similar for males and females. The exception was that the lagged associations of Pd and RAPI reflect a higher genetic correlation among males than females and a higher environmental correlation among females than males. Our analyses suggest that developmental changes underlying variation in alcohol problems from late adolescence to early adulthood differ for males and females. In males, the main change is decreased variation due to shared environmental effects; the magnitude of genetic effects is stable over time, and the high genetic correlation, .95, suggests that the same genetic influences are important at both ages. Among females, in contrast, genetic influences decline in magnitude from age 18 to 25, and at least part of the genetic effect evident at age 25 differs from the genetic effect evident at age 18.
Longitudinal Genetic Analysis of Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adopted Biologically Related and Unrelated Sibling Pairs
Authors: Huizink Anja C. , Berg Mijke P. van den , Ende Jan van der , Verhulst Frank C.
Published: February 2007

To obtain a better understanding of how genetic and environmental processes are involved in the stability and change in problem behavior from early adolescence into adulthood, studies with genetically informative samples are important. The present study used parent-reported data on internalizing and externalizing problem behavior of adoptees at mean ages 12.4, 15.5 and 26.3. In this adoption study adopted biologically related sibling pairs shared on average 50% of their genes and were brought up in the same family environment, whereas adopted biologically unrelated sibling pairs only shared their family environment. The resemblance between these adopted biologically related (N = 106) and unrelated sibling pairs (N = 230) was compared and examined over time. We aimed to investigate (1) to what extent are internalizing and externalizing problem behavior stable from early adolescence into adulthood, and (2) whether the same or different genetic and environmental factors affect these problem behaviors at the 3 assessments. Our results show that both internalizing (rs ranging from .34 to .58) and externalizing behavior (rs ranging from .47 to .69) were rather stable over time. For internalizing and externalizing problem behavior it was found that both genetic and shared environmental influences could be modeled by an underlying common factor, which explained variance in problem behavior from early adolescence into adulthood and accounted for stability over time. The nonshared environmental influences were best modeled by a Cholesky decomposition for internalizing behavior, whereas a time-specific influence of the nonshared environment was included in the final model of externalizing behavior.
The Swedish Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development: The TCHAD-Study
Authors: Lichtenstein Paul , Tuvblad Catherine , Larsson Henrik , Carlström Eva
Published: February 2007

The Swedish Twin study of CHild and Adolescent Development (TCHAD) is a longitudinal study of how genes and environments contribute to development of health and behavioral problems from childhood to adulthood. The study includes 1480 twin pairs followed since 1994, when the twins were 8 to 9 years old. The last data collection was in 2005 when the twins were 19 to 20 years old. Both parents and twins have provided data. In this article we describe the sample, data collections, and measures used. In addition, we provide some key findings from the study, focusing on antisocial behavior, criminality, and psychopathic personality.
Book Review
Authors: Sholkamy Hania
Published: February 2007

Planning the Family in Egypt: New Bodies, New Selves. Kamran Asdar Ali. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2002. xii + 233pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Durington Matthew
Published: February 2007

Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain. Faye D. Ginsburg, Lila Abu‐Lughod, and Brian Larkin, eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xvi + 413pp., photographs, illustrations, notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Nesper Larry
Published: February 2007

Worship and Wilderness: Culture, Religion, and Law in Public Lands Management. Lloyd Burton. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002. x + 341pp., notes, index.
Book Review
Authors: Stoller Paul
Published: February 2007

Culture and the Senses: Bodily Ways of Knowing in an African Community. Kathryn Linn Geurts. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xvii + 315pp., map, photographs, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Godina Heriberto
Published: February 2007

We Are All Equal: Student Culture and Identity at a Mexican Secondary School, 1988–1998. Bradley A.U. Levinson, Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2001. xxii + 433pp., figures, tables, photographs, appendixes, notes, works cited, index.
Book Review
Authors: Wardlow Holly
Published: February 2007

Conceiving Cultures: Reproducing People and Places on Nuakata, Papua New Guinea. Shelley Mallet. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. xi + 338pp., photographs, notes, glossary, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Moyer Eileen
Published: February 2007

Witchcraft and Welfare: Spiritual Capital and the Business of Magic in Modern Puerto Rico. Raquel Romberg. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. xviii + 315pp., photographs, notes, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Fowler Loretta
Published: February 2007

Rethinking Hopi Ethnography. Peter M. Whiteley. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998. ix + 285 pp.pp., maps, photographs, notes, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Duany Jorge
Published: February 2007

Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S Imperialism in Puerto Rico. Laura Briggs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xi + 278pp., notes, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Metz Brent
Published: February 2007

The Rigoberto Menchú Controversy. Arturo Arias, ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. xiii + 418pp., notes, bibliographies
Book Reviews
Authors: Reichl Christopher
Published: February 2007

New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan. Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Akemi Kikumura‐Yano, and James. Hirabayahsi, eds. Stanford University Press, 2002. xxiii + 358pp., notes, tables, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Mills Mary Beth
Published: February 2007

The Dialectics of Shopping. Daniel Miller, with. forward by Anthony T. Carter. University of Chicago Press, 2001. xiv + 222pp., bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Margolis Maxine L.
Published: February 2007

Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland: Japanese Brazilian Return Migration in Transnational Perspective. Takeyuki Tsuda. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. xx + 431pp., photographs, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Bosco Joseph
Published: February 2007

Strangers in the City: Reconfigurations of Space, Power, and Social Networks Within China's Floating Population. Li Zhang. Stanford University Press, 2001. xiv + 286pp., maps, photographs, notes, glossary, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Murphy Liam D.
Published: February 2007

The Troubles in Ballybogoin: Memory and Identity in Northern Ireland. William F. Kelleher, Jr. University of Michigan Press, 2003. xiv + 257pp., notes, glossary, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Griffith David
Published: February 2007

In the Shadows of State and Capital: The United Fruit Company, Popular Struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador, 1900–1995. Steve Striffler. Duke University Press, 2002. xi + 242pp., maps, notes, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Young Virginia H.
Published: February 2007

Ruth Landes:. Life in Anthropology. Sally Cole. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. xvi + 299pp., Illustrated, notes, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Moberg Mark
Published: February 2007

Threads: Gendero Labor, and Power in the Global Apparel Industry. Jane L. Collins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. xiv + 207pp., maps, photographs, tables, glossary, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Hilton C. E.
Published: February 2007

Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA. Kathleen S. Fine‐Dare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. xx + 250pp., tables, appendix, notes, references, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Kehoe Alice
Published: February 2007

Ishi: In Three Centuries. Karl Kroeber and Clifton Kroeber, eds. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. xx + 416pp., map, notes, references, appendix, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Khandelwal Meena
Published: February 2007

Where Are You From?: Middle‐Class Migrants in the Modern World. Dhooleka S. Raj. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xvii + 267pp., glossary, notes, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: Gudeman Stephen
Published: February 2007

My Cocaine Museum. Michael Taussig. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xix + 336pp., illustrations, photographs, bibliography, index
Book Reviews
Authors: West Paige
Published: February 2007

Culture and the Question of Rights: Forests, Coasts, and Seas in Southeast Asia. Charles Zerner, ed. Durham [NC]: Duke University Press, 2003. xiv + 289pp., maps, photographs, works cited, index
Book Review
Authors: Simon Scott
Published: February 2007

Is Taiwan Chinese? The Impact of Culture, Power, and Migration on Changing Identities. Melissa J. Brown. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. xviii + 333pp., map, photographs, tables, notes, references, character list, index
Book Review
Authors: Nelson Diane M.
Published: February 2007

A Queer Mother for the Nation: The State and Gabriela Mistral. Licia Fiol‐Matta. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. xxix + 269pp., illustrated, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Castro Peter
Published: February 2007

Somalia: Economy Without State. Peter D. Little. Oxford: James Currey, Indiana University Press, Hargeisa: Btec Books, 2003 xviii +206pp., tables, illustrated, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Peace William J.
Published: February 2007

Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists. David H. Price. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xviii+426pp., notes, bibliography, index
Book Review
Authors: Caulkins D. Douglas
Published: February 2007

Highland Heritage: Scottish Americans in the American South. Celeste Ray. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. xix + 256pp., maps, illustrations, appendix, glossary, notes, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Stone M. Priscilla
Published: February 2007

Yoruba Hometowns: Community, Identity, and Development in Nigeria. Lillian Trager. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2001. x + 299pp., maps, tables, photographs, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Litzinger Ralph
Published: February 2007

Private Life under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Villageo 1949–1999. Yan Yungxian. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. xvi + 289pp., notes, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Srinivas Smriti
Published: February 2007

On the Banks of the Ganga: When Waste Water Meets a Sacred River. Kelly D. Alley. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002. xiii + 296pp., maps, figures, photographs, tables, glossary, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Gade Anna M.
Published: February 2007

Islam, Law and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. John R. Bowen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. xvi + 289pp., map, tables, glossary, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Dwyer Peter
Published: February 2007

Exchanging the Past: A Rainforest World of Before & After. Bruce M. Knauft. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. x + 303pp., map, figures, photographs, notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Midgett Douglas
Published: February 2007

Public Lands and Political Meaning: Ranchers, the Government, and the Property Between Them. Karen R. Merrill. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. xix + 274pp., map, figures, notes, index.
Book Review
Authors: Becker Howard S.
Published: February 2007

Painting Culture: The Making of an Aboriginal High Art. Fred R. Myers. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003. xvii + 410pp., photographs, drawings, references, index
Book Review
Authors: Angrosino Michael V.
Published: February 2007

Intersecting Journeys: The Anthropology of Pilgrimage and Tourism. Ellen Badone and Sharon R. Roseman, editors. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004. 199pp., list of contributers, index.
Book Review
Authors: Garcia Maria Elena
Published: February 2007

At the Risk of Being Heard: Identity, Indigenous Rights, and Postcolonial States. Bartholomew Dean and Jerome M. Levi, eds. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003. x + 334pp., maps, photographs, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Grimes Kimberley
Published: February 2007

Crafting Gender: Women and Folk Art in Latin America and the Caribbean. Eli Bartra, ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003. viii + 244pp., photographs, illustrations, contributors, index.
Book Review
Authors: Roberts Allen F.
Published: February 2007

Mapping Yoruba Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities. Kamari Maxine Clarke. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xxxiv + 345pp., maps, photographs, note on orthography, appendix, notes, glossary, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Mendoza Marcela
Published: February 2007

Landscapes of Devils: Tensions of Place and Memory in the Argentinean Chaco. Gastón R. Gordillo. Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xviii + 304pp., maps, photographs, glossary, notes, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Ward Martha
Published: February 2007

Virtually Virgins: Sexual Strategies and Cervical Cancer in Recife, Brazil. Jessica L. Gregg. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003. xviii + 207pp., tables, figures, notes, works cited, index.
Book Review
Authors: Ramos‐Zayas Ana Y.
Published: February 2007

Colonial Subjects: Puerto Ricans in a Global Perspective. Ramón Grosfoguel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. xv + 268pp., appendix, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Baber Zaheer
Published: February 2007

People of the Bomb: Portraits of America's Nuclear Complex. Hugh Gusterson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004. xxxi + 312pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Book Review
Authors: Shokeid Moshe
Published: February 2007

Brothers and Others in Arms: The Making of Love and War in Israeli Combat Units. Danny Kaplan. New York: Harrington Park Press, 2003. xi + 276pp., notes, glossary, index.
Book Review
Authors: Azoulay Katya Gibel
Published: February 2007

Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race. Maureen Mahon. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xi + 317pp., illustrated, appendix, discography, notes, bib, index.
Book Review
Authors: Stewart Charles
Published: February 2007

Gambling Life: Dealing in Contingency in a Greek City. Thomas Malaby. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003. xiv + 162pp., photographs, references, index.
Book Review
Authors: Hyatt Susan Brin
Published: February 2007

British Subjects: An Anthropology of Britain. Nigel Rapport ed. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 2002. ix + 331pp., photographs, tables, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Anderson E. N.
Published: February 2007

Fields of Power, Forests of Discontent: Culture, Conservation, and the State in Mexico. Nora Haenn. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2005. xvi + 229pp., photographs, tables, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Keyes Charles
Published: February 2007

Why did they Kill? Cambodia in the Shadow of Genocide. Alexander Laban Hinton. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. xvii + 382pp., line illustration, maps, note on transliteration, bibliography, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Fader Ayala
Published: February 2007

American Individualisms: Child Rearing and Social Class in Three Neighborhoods. Adrie S. Kusserow. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. v + l88pp., appendices, notes, bibliography, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Pribilsky Jason
Published: February 2007

From Cuenca to Queens: An Anthropological Story of Transnational Migration. Ann Miles. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. xiii + 229pp., map, photographs, notes, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Smart Alan
Published: February 2007

Made in China: Women Factory Workers in. Global Workplace. Ngai Pun. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005. xi + 225pp., photographs, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Khan Aisha
Published: February 2007

Modern Blackness: Nationalism, Globalization, and the Politics of Culture in Jamaica. Deborah A. Thomas. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xi + 310pp., references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Koenig Delores
Published: February 2007

Rough Waters: Nature and Development in an East African Marine Park. Christine J. Walley. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004. xx + 308pp., maps, photographs, glossary, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Picart Caroline Joan (“Kay”) S.
Published: February 2007

Anthropology and the Dance: Ten Lectures. Drid Williams with. foreword by Brenda Farnell Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004. xx + 303pp., photographs, tables, appendix, glossary, notes, references, index.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mills Mary Beth
Published: February 2007

The Intimate Economies of Bangkok: Tomboys, Tycoons, and Avon Ladies in the Global City. Ara Wilson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. xvi + 272pp., maps, illustrations, references, index.
Jules-César Scaliger et ses Maîtres: La Rhétorique dans le Champ du Savoir
Authors: Lardet Pierre
Published: February 2007

Dans les débuts de mes études, bien des précepteurs nous ont été donnés par le divin Maximilien César que je nomme ici par déférence, gens vénérables,mais nés en des temps trop peu raffinés; its nous enseignaient que les couleurs rhétoriques ne sont autres que ce qu'ils appelaient également des figures.
Three Levels of Style in Augustine of Hippo and Gregory of Nazianzus
Authors: Milovanović-Barham Čelica
Published: February 2007

Abstract: In Book 4 of De doctrina Christiana St. Augustine suggests that the three levels of style in Christian oratory should reflect the level of emotional impact on the audience, which would result in frequent variation through the course of the speech. Augustine's literary theory seems to be in complete agreement with contemporary oratorical practice, not only Latin, in the West, but Greek too—witness St. Gregory of Nazianzus, whose Oration 42, The Last Farewell,is used as an example in this article. Finally, a comparison between Augustine's views and those of some later Greek rhetoricians suggests that he may have been influenced as much by their ideas as by his acknowledged source and predecessor, Cicero.
Mayans' Rhetórica and the Search for a Spanish Rhetoric
Authors: Abbott Don Paul
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Gregorio Mayans y Siscar's Rhetórica (Valenda, 1757)must be regarded as a pivotal work in the evolution of eighteenthcentury Spanish rhetorical theory. Since Mayans' ideas did not appear without precedent in the Rhetórica, this article begins by tracing the development of his principles through his earlier writings about the state of discourse in Spain. A detailed analysis of the Rhetóricaitself is followed by a demonstration of how Mayans modified classical rhetoric into a rhetoricized poetics whose history became integrated into the history of Spanish literature. Thus Mayans' transformation of classical rhetoric takes its place in the development of Spanish cultural history, in which rhetoric increasingly came to be regarded as a part of the larger study of the national literature.
Humanistic Influences in the Spanish Rhetorician Alfonso García Matamoros: A Study of De ratione dicendi libri duo (Alcalá, 1548)
Authors: Vioque Guillermo Galán
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Alfonso García Matamoros, the author of De ratione dicendi libri duo (Alcalá, 1548), is undoubtedly one of the most important rhetoricians of sixteenth-century Spain. A source study of De ratione, one of three treatises on rhetoric by this author, yields surprising results. García Matamoros borrowed extensively from Erasmus' Ecclesiastes, Melanchthon's Elementorum rhetorices libri duo, and Vives' De consultatione. George of Trebizond's Rhetoricorum libri quinque and Agricola's De inventione dialectica libri tres are also among his sources. Unexpectedly, direct classical influences, although present, are less extensive. An index of sources is provided at the end of the paper.
From Themistius to al-Farabi: Platonic Political Philosophy and Aristotle's Rhetoric in the East
Authors: Watt John W.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Aristotie's Rhetoric appears to have had little influence on rhetorical theory in Greek or Latin during late antiquity or the early Middle Ages, but it was closely studied by some Islamic philosophers, notably al-Farabi. Behind al-Farabi's interest in Aristotle's Rhetoric lay his adoption of Plato's doctrine of the philosopher-king, Whitch had an eloquent exponent in late antiquity in the philosopher-orator Themistius. An allusion to the Rhetoric in an oration of Themistius suggests that al-Farabi's assessment of the Rhetoric also had roots in late antiquity, possibly in circles around Themistius. The content of the Syriac Rhetoric of Antony of Tagrit confirms the likelihood that in thèse matters, as in many others, the Syrians were the intermediaries between Greek late antiquity and the classical renaissance in Islam.
Quintilian and Rousseau: Oratory and Education
Authors: France Peter
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the enemy of books and civilized learning, might seem poles apart from Quintilian, who was so popular in France in the eighteenth century. Nevertheless, although there are only small traces of direct contact between the author of Émile and the Institutio, comparison between the two works is illuminating. Both are large-scale educational treatises embodying a vision of humanity. The important common ground between them concerns the importance of early childhood, a certain moral idealism, and the prfrence for a manly form of speech. Significant divergences begin to appear in relation to three major areas of concern: citizenship and the public life, the relation of words to things, and the question of acting, imagination, and fiction.

Je ne me lasse point de le redire: mettez toutes les leçons des jeunes gens en actions plustôt qu'en discours; qu'ils n'apprennent rien dans les livres de ce que l'expérience peut leur enseigner. Quel extravagant projet de les exercer à parler sans sujet de rien dire, de croire leur faire sentir sur les bancs d'un collège l'énergie du langage des passions, et toute la force de l'art de persuader sans intérêt de rien persuader à personne! Tous les préceptes de la rhétorique ne semblent qu'un pur verbiage à quiconque n'en sent pas l'usage pour son profit. Qu'importe à un Ecolier comment s'y prit Annibal pour déterminer ses soldats à passer les Alpes?

(I never tire of repeating it: put ail your tessons for young people into actions, not speeches; let them learn nothing from books which they could learn from experience. What an insane idea to exercise them in speaking when they have nothing to speak about, to believe one can make them feel on their school benches the language of the passions and ail the force of the art of persuasion, when they have no interest in persuading anybody! All the precepts of rhetoric are pure verbiage to anyone who cannot see what use they are to him. What does it matter to a schoolboy how Hannibal set about persuading his soldiers to cross the Alps?)
Personification's Gender
Authors: Paxson James J.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: The fact that classical and early medieval allegorical personifications were exclusively female has long perplexed literary scholars and rhetoricians. Although arguments have been made about this gendering using grammatical formalism for the most part, an examination of rhetoric's own deep structure—that is, the discursive metaphors it has always employed to talk about tropes and figures—promises to better articulate the gendered bases of the figure. Using analytical tactics drawn from Paul de Man's discussions of prosopopeia, this essay re-examines some of the rhetorical record along with programmatic imagery from patristic writings in order to demonstrate how women theinselves could serve as the “figures of figuration.”
Raffaele Regio's 1492 Quaestio doubting Cicero's authorship of the Rhetorica ad Herennium: Introduction and Text
Authors: Murphy James J. , Winterbottom Michael
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Fifteenth-century rhetoricians inherited from the Middle Ages the belief that Cicero was the author of the work generally known as theRhetorica ad Herennium. This assumption was challenged in 1491 in a shortQuaestio by Raffaele Regio (1440?-1520). He refutes the three main arguments advanced for Cicero's authorship, but in the end declares that he will leave the matter undecided. Regio's claims did not settle the matter,which was still being debated two centuries later.