bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate results of spleen-preserving distal subtotal pancreatic resection
Authors: Mirzaev T. S. , Podluzhny D. V. , Izrailov R. E. , Patyutko Yu. I. , Glukhov E. V. , Kotelnikov A. G.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To assess the possibility of open spleen-preserving distal subtotal pancreatic resection for tumors of the body and tail of the pancreas.

Material and methods. A retrospective comparative analysis of the immediate results of the spleen-preserving interventions in 41 patients was carried out. Mainly benign tumors or tumors with a low malignancy potential of the corpus and (or) the tail of the pancreas were detected. Distal subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed in 53 patients with pancreatic tumors of different histogenesis with low malignancy potential (control group).

Results. The duration of spleen-preserving distal subtotal pancreatectomy was 12 minutes shorter, compared with the distal subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy group (p = 0.180). Significantly lower volume of intraoperative blood loss during spleen-preserving procedure was noted – by 460 ml (p = 0.0001). The level of postoperative complications in the spleen-preserving pancreatectomy group was 15 (37%), while in the group of distal subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was 26 (49%) (p = 0.227), respectively. External pancreatic fistula after spleenpreserving pancreatectomy was noted in 13 (32%) patients, in the other group in 21 (40%; p = 0.429). The duration of hospital stay did not statistically significantly differ in the compared groups and amounted to: 18.6 ± 6.9 and 20.3 ± 5.4 days (p = 0.123), respectively.

Conclusion. Open spleen-preserving pancreatectomy is a relatively safe type of surgical treatment for patients with benign tumors and tumors with a low potential for malignancy of the body and/or tail of the pancreas. The surgery is shorter in time, accompanied by a lower level of complications, significantly less intraoperative blood loss, compared with a similar procedure involving splenectomy.
Whipple procedure for ampulla of Vater cancer in a patient with situs inversus (clinical case)
Authors: Ischenko R. V. , Sedakov I. E. , Antipov V. N. , Ivanov Y. V. , Lysenko A. O. , Stankevich V. R. , Smirnov A. V.
Published: March 2021

A clinical case of a rare combination of complete transposition of internal organs (situs inversus totalis) with adenocarcinoma of the major duodenal papilla is presented. In addition to situs vicserum inversus, the patient has a special variant of vascular anatomy that is not included in the generally accepted classification of variants of arterial liver anatomy according to Michaels N.A. (1955), namely: separate separation of the left and right hepatic arteries from the ventral trunk. After individual preoperative planning, a patient with a complete reverse position of the abdominal organs and non-standard vascular anatomy was performed Whipple procedure. Non-invasive CT angiography is important in a complex preoperative examination, which allows timely identification and clarification of frequently occurring features of blood supply to the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone in patients with situs inversus totalis. Such surgical interventions should be performed in large multi-specialty medical centers that have extensive experience in performing pancreatoduodenal resections.
The review of international clinical guidelines and clinical trial results for the diagnosis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) for the period 2014–2020
Authors: Kаrmаzаnovsky G. G. , Shantarevich M. Yu.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this publication is to analyze international clinical guidelines and clinical trial data on the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and demonstrate the possibilities of using MRI with hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast agent. As well as an evaluation its diagnostic advantages in comparison with other diagnostic methods such as ultrasound, CT and MRI with extracellular contrast agents.

Material and methods. Abstracts of 331 scientific articles for the period 2014–2020 were selected in the PubMed information and analytical system for the keywords: “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “US”, “CT”, “MRI”, “gadoxetic acid”. Articles about technical aspects and clinical cases were excluded. After the analysis of full-text articles, 32 publications were selected.

Results. The presented review has demonstrated the diagnostic advantages of MRI with hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast agents and a wide range of its application at all stages of care for a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusion. Despite the existing variety of methods for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma, the leading direction in this area is currently MRI with gadoxetic acid. The high diagnostic efficiency of gadoxetic acid makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the imaging and to choose the optimal management for each patient.
Abstracts of current foreign publications
Authors: Akhaladze G. G. , Akhaladze D. G.
Published: March 2021

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Influence of the low-dose CE-MDCT scanning protocol parameters on the results of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma radiomic analysis
Authors: Tikhonova V. S. , Karmazanovsky G. G. , Kondratyev E. V. , Gruzdev I. S. , Glotov A. V.
Published: March 2021

To investigate the dependence of textural parameters of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on using standard and low-dose CT protocols.

Materials and methods. The study included 52 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic ductal 

adenocarcinoma who underwent contrast enhanced computed tomography using standard (120 kV) and low-dose (100 kV) scanning protocols. We compared radiomics features of the identical histological tumors in all scanning phases.

Results. We calculated 53 radiomics features in all types of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma grade differentiation for all scanning phases. We identified that out of 53 features of texture analysis, less than half was statistically different for each scan phase (11 parameters (20.8%) for the unenhanced phase; 18 parameters (34%) for the arterial; 19 parameters (35.8%) for the venous and delayed scanning phases), in all types of tumor differentiation (GLCM_ Contrast, GLCM_Correlation, GLCM_Dissimilarity, GLRLM_SRHGE etc., p < 0.05).The diagnostic accuracy of more than 50% of the radiomics features is preserved when changing kV in the CT scan protocol.

Conclusion. The use of a low-dose CT protocol doesn’t affect the diagnostic accuracy of the features of texture analysis in the preoperative assessment of the degree of differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Computed tomography in planning of the treatment of complications after pancreatic surgery
Authors: Shrainer I. V. , Pershina E. S. , Dalgatov K. D. , Kozodaeva M. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To evaluate opportunity of computed tomography in diagnosis and decision making in patients with pancreatic surgery complications and possibility of interventional procedures in its treatment.

Materials and methods. 50 patients underwent pancreatic surgery in 2018-2020 (45 Whipple procedure and 5 distal pancreatectomies). 45 patients underwent computed tomography in post-surgery course. The complications occur in 29 patients; complications were found by computer tomography in 26 patients.

Results. The most frequent complication was pancreatic fistula (24%) in typical places: upper edge of the pancreatojejunostomy (25%) and in the bed of the resected pancreatic head (50%). Delineated fluid collections on computed tomography scans were more prevalent in patients with complicated course (57.9% vs. 26.3%). The average size of fluid collections was increased in the group of complicated courses (51,9 × 28,1 mm vs. 42,2 × 20, 6 mm).  Interventional procedures were performed in 18 patients (62% of complicated patients). The average number of such interventions per patient was 2.95. Using interventional techniques as the only method of surgical treatment, 13 patients were cured (50% of complicated patients). In 14 patients, interventions were planned and performed based on control computed tomography. Postoperative bleedings were detected in 8 patients (16%). In 4 cases it revealed ongoing bleeding by computer tomography, in 3 cases – completed, which allowed us to determine further treatment tactics.

Conclusion. Performing computed tomography after pancreatic surgery allows to identify postoperative complications before their clinical manifestation and plan their treatment. The optimal time for performing computed tomography is 5–6 days after surgery. Performing CT angiography for suspected bleeding in some cases allows to avoid invasive angiography and choose the method of endovascular hemostasis in appropriate situations. The combination of various interventional techniques allows to avoid relaparotomy in most patients with intraabdominal complications.
Additional criterion for assessing the risk of gastric variceal bleeding according to multispiral computed tomography
Authors: Yudin A. L. , Yumatova E. A. , Yagubova K. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To establish the parameters of gastric varices which determine a high risk of gastric bleeding according to the results of multispiral computed tomography.

Material and methods. The results of studies of 39 patients with liver cirrhosis and gastric varices were retrospectively studied. Nine of them had signs of previous bleeding on endoscopic examination or the corresponding data in the medical history. In 3 patients gastric bleeding occurred 30-47 days after multispiral computed tomography.

Results. According to the results of multispiral computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions gastric bleeding was detected in 12 patients with protrusion of submucosal varicose veins into the gastric lumen by 5 mm or more with a vein diameter >7 mm.

Conclusion. The results of multispiral computed tomography, complemented by the hydro-computed tomography technique, provide important additional information on predicting the development of gastric bleeding in the selection of patients for preventive minimally invasive interventions on the veins of the stomach.
Full-split liver transplantation. The first experience in Russian Federation
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Kolyshev I. Yu. , Shabalin M. V. , Artemyev A. I. , Rudakov V. S. , Maltseva A. P. , Bashkov A. N. , Syutkin V. Е. , Gubarev К. К. , Svetlakova D. S.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To present the first successful full-split liver transplantation for two adults recipients in Russia.

Materials and methods. The first successful full-split liver transplantation for two adults in ex situ way in Russia was made on 26th of September 2014 in the Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA. The deceased donor was inside UNOS, Lee. The GRWR index in both recipients was near 1. The first recipient had been in a waiting list for 1 year, the second for 4 months. Both recipients had got liver cirrhosis in terminal stage.

Results. The surgical procedure length was 650 and 660 min. The overall time of cold ischemia was 510 min. We observed a primary function of each graft. ISGLS B and Clavien-Dindo 3A biliary leak complications were observed in both recipients. Both patients were discharged after 33 and 34 days. Overall survival for this moment is 68 months.

Conclusion. Full-split liver transplantation for two adults in ex situ way seems to be a complicated procedure both from the technical and organizing points of view. It demanding good mastership and coordination between surgical team members. At the same time, that treatment method has to be spread widely to improve treatment of patients with end-stage cirrhosis results.
Efficiency of minimally invasive surgery for liver echinococcosis and its complications
Authors: Azizzoda Z. A. , Kurbonov K. M. , Ruziboyzoda K. R. , Ali-Zade S. G.
Published: March 2021

Aim. Improving outcomes of diagnosis and treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis and its complications. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis and its complications with traditional laparotomy access surgery (control group) and minimally invasive interventions (main group) was performed.

Results. The study included 300 patients (170 in the control and 130 in the main group). In the main group, 37 (28.4%) cases performed open echinococcectomy from various mini-accesses, and 27 (20.7%) performed twostage operations using minimally invasive technology. Laparoscopic echinococcectomy was performed in 23 (17.7%) patients, laparoscopic pericystectomy 12 (9.2%) and laparoscopic liver resection in 10 (7.7%) patients. The frequency of postoperative complications in the main group was 17.7%, in the control 51.8%, postoperative mortality decreased from 2.3% to 0.8%.

Conclusion. Minimally invasive technologies in the surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis show the better immediate results compared to traditional open surgical methods.
Climate Change and Financial Stability
Authors: Brunetti Celso , Dennis Benjamin , Gates Dylan , Hancock Diana , Ignell David , Kiser Elizabeth K. , Kotta Gurubala , Kovner Anna , Rosen Richard J. , Tabor Nicholas K.
Published: March 2021

This Note describes how risks arising from climate change may affect financial stability. We describe how climate-change related risks may emerge either as shocks to the financial system or as financial system vulnerabilities that could amplify the effects of these or other shocks.
АНАЛИЗ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ И ОЦЕНКА РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ПРОГРАММ В СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ ГОРОДА ЭЛИСТА
Authors: Курепина Наталья Леонидовна , Баглеева Галина Валерьевна , Асанов Тимур Николаевич
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является анализ планирования и реализации муниципальных программ социальной направленности города Элиста.

Методологической основой данного исследования являются общенаучные методы, методы экономического анализа, планирования и моделирования.

Результаты исследования. Проведенные исследования показали, что в муниципальном образовании на протяжении последних лет происходил переход на программно-целевое планирование. Анализ доходной части бюджета, сформированного в соответствии с бюджетной классификацией, показал, что за последние годы налоговые поступления не являются основным источником формирования бюджета города, они составляли только четверть поступлений, более 50% – безвозмездные поступления. Структура расходов утверждается по ведомствам и целевым статьям муниципальных программ. Более 70% расходов направлено на развитие социальной сферы, поэтому при исследовании мы сделали акцент именно на этой статье расходов, наиболее важной для развития муниципалитета. Расходы на образование занимают более половины от общего объема расходов бюджета. Финансовые средства на другие программы социального развития, развитие культуры, физической культуры, спорта, социальную поддержку граждан занимают всего около 8%.

Перспектива исследования. Результаты исследования показали, что при оценке реализации программ нет четкого формирования показателей, позволяющих оценить эффективность исполнения обязательств, необходимо совершенствование методики оценки эффективности реализации муниципальных программ. Совершенствование методических подходов оценки результатов реализации программ является одним из направлений, требующих дальнейшего исследования.
ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВО В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ РАЗВИТИИ
Authors: Петухов Николай Анатольевич
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является анализ и оценка состояния предпринимательства в регионах Российской Федерации, анализ перспектив развития индивидуального предпринимательства.Методологическую базу исследования представляют работы современных экономистов в области предпринимательства и региональной экономики, методы статистического анализа.Результаты исследования. Проведена оценка современного состояния предпринимательства в российских регионах, особенности занятости населения на неформальном рынке труда; определены региональные зависимости между уровнем занятых в сфере индивидуального предпринимательства и уровнем ВРП, плотностью населения в регионе, долей городского населения; проведен анализ возрастной структуры занятых в сфере индивидуального предпринимательства и неформальном рынке труда.Перспектива исследования состоит в дальнейшем развитии индивидуального предпринимательства, как средства получения основного и дополнительного дохода, особенно в кризисных ситуациях; разработке мер по сокращению неформального рынка труда, применению различных форм самозанятости.
АНАЛИЗ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ГИС В МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯХ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Ткачева Ольга Александровна , Лукьянченко Елена Павловна , Лукьянченко Елизавета Андреевна
Published: March 2021

Целью исследования является анализ использования геоинформационных технологий муниципальных образований Ростовской области за период 2018-2020 гг. и предложение мероприятий по совершенствованию использования геоинформационных технологий.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют общенаучные методы логического и статистического анализа, а также элементы системного подхода.

Результаты исследования. Использование геоинформационных систем существенно влияет на разработку мероприятий, принятие решений, а также возможность создания документов нового поколения в сфере управления территориями муниципальных образований. Анализ использования геоинформационных технологий в муниципальных образованиях Ростовской области позволил определить невысокую активность их использования, потребность в повышении цифровой квалификации всех категорий пользователей, отсутствие оперативности актуализации информационных ресурсов ГИС РО. Всё это говорит о необходимости выработки системы мер по активизации использования ГИС в муниципальных образованиях.

Перспективы исследования составляет обоснование необходимости активизации применения геоинформационной системы Ростовской области при разработке мероприятий устойчивого развития территорий муниципальных образований.
НАУКА – «СОТРУДНИЦА» МАТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ (РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ)
Authors: Матяш Тамара Петровна , Матяш Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: March 2021

Цель исследования: изучить взаимозависимость типа науки и типа цивилизации; рассмотреть тип цивилизации, соответствующий новоевропейской науке, раскрыть основное содержание этой цивилизации; провести критический анализ апологетики науки в философии Ф. Бэкона; изучить его аргументы в защиту науки перед так называемым «невежеством» теологов и выяснить, почему Бэкон считал, что торжество науки неизбежно таит в себе опасность; рассмотреть философские и богословские критические оценки господствующего убеждения, что наука приносит несомненную пользу человечеству; раскрыть смысл проектов науки, не ориентированной на материальную цивилизацию.

Методологическая база исследования. Эмпирической базой являются труды русских религиозных философов XIX-XX веков, а также богословов VII-го и XIX-го веков. В статье используются сравнительно-исторический метод, метод социально-культурной реконструкции, а также принцип конкретной историчности и критически-рефлексивный анализ текстов.

Результаты исследования. Доказано, что новоевропейская наука содействовала становлению особого типа цивилизации, которую условно можно назвать материальной; раскрыта суть этой цивилизации; показано, что апологет науки Ф. Бэкон не сумел защитить науку от так называемого «невежества теологов», а значит, не сумел обосновать право науки господствовать над природой; реконструированы философские идеи Ф. Бэкона, демонстрирующие, что с одной стороны философ пытался утвердить господство науки, но с другой осознавал, что торжество науки несет угрозу христианской цивилизации, так как утверждает господство человеческого над божественным; рассмотрены критические оценки господствующего около трех веков убеждения в великой пользе науки, проанализированы главные аргументы этой критики, показано, что она является латентной критикой материальной цивилизации; реконструированы проекты науки, не ориентированной на материальную цивилизацию.

Перспективы исследования: продолжить теоретико-методологические исследования проблемы формирования типа цивилизации в ходе обретения наукой гуманистических и метафизических ориентиров и параметров.
DESIGN OF TAILOR-MADE TARGETED TRAINING PROGRAMS AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia, Dorokhova T. Yu. , Puchkov N. P. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Tambov, Russia
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the issues of using dynamic variability methods in design of additional professional programs (APPs) at a university that provides specialists’ targeted training. The design process is presented as a sequence of actions for a step-by-step deep study of the situations and positions of all actors interested in the results. The purpose of the article is to offer specific recommendations on the theory and practice of designing the APP under continuous change and adjustment of industrial structure and objectives through the analysis of current industrial challenges and problems. The authors found that the quality assurance of targeted training at university is achieved through the development of APP based on dividing the design process into certain stages, using a multilevel methodological design structure, applying the principle of dynamic design variability; using an iterative algorithm for the sequential involvement of experts and the Bayesian approach to reassess the results of the examination in order to develop a reasonable optimal solution.
Integration of Civil and Military Professional Education as an Approach to Formation of a Modern Army
Authors:   M. A. Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, St. Petersburg, Russia, Muzykantov A. N. , Khalepa S. L. ,   M. A. Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

The author analyzes the periods of origin, formation and development of the military education system. The problems of military education in general and the training of officers in particular, which cannot be solved without the integration of military professional education and education in military training centers at civilian universities, are touched upon. Using the example of M. A. Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, a new approach to the formation of the personnel potential of the Armed Forces – officers’ training at a civil educational institution is shown.
Ценность всех вещей. Создание и изъятие в мировой экономике
Authors: Маццукато Мариана
Published: March 2021

Преобладающая сегодня точка зрения на государство является результатом идеологической предвзятости и глубоко ошибочна. Популярные ныне теории подорвали его уверенность в себе, ограничили роль, которую оно способно играть в формировании экономики, недооценили его вклад в национальное производство. Индикатором ценности стала цена, а не ценность. Утратив способность осознавать разницу между созданием и изъятием ценности, современные экономисты облегчили определенным лицам возможность называть себя создателями ценности и в процессе ее изымать. Понимание того, в какой степени мифы о создании ценности окружают нас повсюду, является главным предметом книги Марианы Маццукато. По ее мнению, необходимо выйти за рамки решения изолированных проблем и разработать общие принципы, которые позволят сформировать новый тип экономики — экономику, которая будет работать на общее благо. И для этого нужно вернуть категорию ценности в центр экономического мышления. Книга будет интересна не только экономистам и финансистам, но и политологам, философам, социологам и всем, кому небезразлично развитие современного общества.
Состояние постмодерна. Исследование истоков культурных изменений
Authors: Харви Дэвид
Published: March 2021

Термин «постмодерн» — один из самых сложных и противоречивых в социальной и гуманитарной науках. На протяжении нескольких десятилетий разные мыслители и ученые предлагали собственное толкование этого понятия. Самый известный на сегодняшний день социальный географ Дэвид Харви — один из них. В своей главной книге Харви объясняет, какой смысл подразумевает термин «постмодерн» как состояние актуальной культуры, и показывает, что за ощутимыми и динамичными переменами в культурной жизни стоит логика капитала. Ученый утверждает, что истоки культурных изменений лежат «в конечном счете» именно в экономике. В ходе своего исследования он прослеживает социально-экономическую и концептуальную историю модерна (от Просвещения до наших дней) и то, как был осуществлен переход от модерна к постмодерну в искусстве, урбанистике, литературе, архитектуре, кинематографе. Харви доказывает, что пространственно-временное сжатие происходило на протяжении нескольких веков и к 1970-м годам стало решением кризиса перенакопления капитала. Так, от модернистского фордизма произошел переход к постмодернистскому постфордизму, определяемому как «гибкое накопление». Хотя Харви написал эту книгу еще в 1989 году, он не отказался от своих идей, а события, произошедшие с тех пор, доказали его правоту. Книга считается одним из важнейших источников по социально-гуманитарным наукам и будет интересна широкому кругу читателей.
HALAÇ SARAYINDA BİR KÖLE: MELİK KÂFÛR HEZÂRDÎNÂRÎ
Authors: BILAL Metın
Published: March 2021

Delhi merkezli kurulan Müslüman Türk devletlerinden biri de Halaç ya da Kalaç Sultanlığı’dır. Sultan Celâleddin Firuz Şah ile başlayan Delhi Halaçlarının hâkimiyeti Alâeddin Muhammed Şah ile zirveye çıkmıştı. Onun askeri kabiliyeti ve zekiliği neticesinde bir yandan Moğol baskınları durdurulurken diğer yanda da racaların birçoğuna boyun eğdirilmişti. Böylece Hint yarımadası büyük oranda Halaçların hâkimiyeti altına girmişti. Bunda şüphesiz Melik Kâfûr’un etkisi büyüktü. Alâeddin Muhammed Şah’ın saltanatı yaklaşık 20 yıl sürmüştü. Ancak saltanatının son zamanlarında Melik Kâfûr’un etkisinde kalmış ve çocuk yaşta şehzade Ömer’i varisi yapmıştı. Bu durum da Melik Kâfûr’u Halaç tahtını ele geçirmek için daha çok iştahlandırmıştı. Sultan Alâeddin’in ölümü üzerine Kâfûr, Şehzade Ömer’i tahta çıkarmıştı. Kendisine karşı oluşabilecek mukavemeti ortadan kaldırmak için de şehzadelerin gözlerine mil çektirmişti. Onun bu düşmanlığından sadece Mubarek Han kurtulabilmişti. Melik Kâfûr’un öldürülmesinden bir süre sonra Mubarek Han tahtı ele geçirmişti. Ancak onun da salatanı uzun sürmemiş ve tahta Hüsrev Han geçmişti. Nihayetinde Delhi Halaç Sultanlığı 1320 yılına gelindiğinde yerini Tuğlukşahlar Devleti’ne bırakarak tarih sahnesinden çekilmişti. Bu makale de köle iken satın alınan Hint asıllı Kâfûr’un Halaç sarayına getirilmesiyle başlayan serüveni hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Onun ordu komutanı olarak çıktığı Deogir, Varangal, Dvarasamudra ve Ma‘ber seferleriyle ilgili etraflıca bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Halaç yönetimini ele geçirmek için çevirdiği entrikalar ve bunun sonucunda da öldürülmesi hakkında da bilgi verilmiştir. Son olarak Melik Kâfûr’un türbesiyle ilgili bilgi verilmiştir.
BİRİNCİ DÜNYA HARBİ’NDE HİCAZ CEPHESİ VE MEDİNE MÜDAFAASI
Authors: ÜNAL Levent
Published: March 2021

ağırlıklı olarak Arap isyancılara karşı mücadele verilmiştir. Bu cepheler içinde Hicaz cephesi, stratejik önemi yanında kutsal toprakları barındırması yönüyle de önem arz etmektedir. Hicaz bölgesinde Arap isyanının ayak sesleri açıkça duyulsa da Osmanlı yönetimi duymamazlıktan gelmiştir. Mekke Emiri olarak Şerif Hüseyin’in atanması ile başlayan hatalar zinciri, onun İngilizlerle işbirliğine gitmesinden haberdar olunmaması ve zaman içinde diğer kabileleri kendi liderliğinde Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı kışkırtmasına seyirci kalınmasıyla devam etmiştir. İhanete bu denli müsamahalı davranmak ve sorunu adeta görmemezlikten gelmek Osmanlı Devleti’ne ağır bedeller ödetmiştir. Mekke bölgesinde mevcut kuvvetler parçalanıp çok sayıda garnizon, kışla ve karakola dağıtılınca garnizonlar, kalabalık asi kuvvetlere karşı çaresiz bırakılmış, Medine bölgesinde Fahrettin Paşa elindeki kuvvetleri bir bütün halinde kullanarak Arap isyancılara ardı ardına darbeler indirmiştir. Bununla birlikte Medine Müdafaasının başarıyla yürütülmesi Filistin cephesine katkı sağlamadığı gibi Medine’ye sevk edilen her takviye birliği bir yerde bu cephedeki savunmayı güçleştirmiştir.Makalenin amacı, Hicaz cephesinde ayaklanma öncesi gelişmeler ile ayaklanma çıktıktan sonra yaşanan çatışmaları incelemek suretiyle cepheyi stratejik, operatif ve taktik yönden değerlendirmektir. Çalışma için literatür taraması metodu ve nitel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır.
Different electrode anodes used in OLED devices Diferentes eletrodos anodos usados em dispositivos OLEDs
Authors: Santos Emerson Roberto , Fullenbach Thiago de Carvalho , Medeiros Marina Sparvoli , Zambom Luis da Silva , Onmori Roberto Koji , Hui Wang Shu
Published: March 2021

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) known as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine tin oxide (FTO) deposited on glass were compared by different techniques and also as anodes in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices with same structure. ITO produced at laboratory was compared with the commercial one manufactured by different companies: Diamond Coatings, Displaytech and Sigma-Aldrich, and FTO produced at laboratory was compared with the commercial one manufactured by Flexitec Company. FTO thin films produced at laboratory presented the lowest performance measured by Hall effect technique and also by I-V curve of OLED device with low electrical current and high threshold voltage. ITO thin films produced at laboratory presented elevated sheet resistance in comparison with commercial ITOs (approximately one order of magnitude greater), that can be related by a high number of defects as discontinuity of the chemical lattice or low crystalline structure. In the assembly of OLED devices with ITO and FTO produced at laboratory, neither presented luminances. ITO manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich company presented better electrical and optical characteristics, as low electrical resistivity, good wettability, favorable transmittance, perfect physicalchemical stability and lowest threshold voltage (from 3 to 4.5 V) for OLED devices.
GRAVITATIONAL DRIVING: GEODESICS WARPED BY SOLITONS OF ACCELERATION
Authors: Serpa Nilo
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This article discusses the basic science to be considered as the background for a speculative technology of gravitational propulsion. Generalized functions are applied to the formalism of general relativity to introduce finite dynamic intervals of spacetime to be warped by acceleration solitons, the latter being interpreted as causing geodesic bends in the spacetime continuum.

Key words: soliton, propultion, gravitational tail, warp-drive spacetime, spacetime interval.

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Dieser Artikel beschreibt die Grundlagenforschung, die als Hintergrund einer spekulativen Technologie des Gravitationsantriebs betrachtet werden soll. Verallgemeinerte Funktionen werden auf den Formalismus der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie angewendet, um die richtigen Abstände als dynamische Raumzeitintervalle zu definieren. Einsame Beschleunigungswellen werden so interpretiert, dass sie die geodätischen Abweichungen im Raumzeitkontinuum verursachen.

Schlüsselwörter: Soliton, Antrieb, Gravitationsschwanz, Warp-Drive-Raumzeit, Raumzeitintervall.
Modernization of mechanisms for resource provision of the public administra-tion system (analysis of draft legislative acts included in the agenda of the fourth session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the ninth convocation, August 2020 - January 2021)
Authors: Vorotin Valerii , Koval Oleg
Published: March 2021

The article examines modern world economic development as a phenomenon of regional and local cooperation with the growth of regions (subregions) as the main actors in ensuring the socio-economic development of the state, its competitiveness in the world economic and political arena. Capable regions and subregions are able, on the one hand, to reduce the burden on central authorities by taking over some of their powers, and on the other - to take into account the needs of new communities, businesses and other organizations when making decisions in production on public services.
The article proves that public administration and their components - public administration and regulation in the field of national and regional (local) development - is one of the most important problems of forming developed market relations in Ukraine, in particular with the formation of a new system (mechanisms and tools) in the field of resource provision of the decentralized model of local governance.
The European integration vector of development chosen by Ukraine envisages a significant modernization of the system of public administration in general and administration in particular. The formation of domestic public administration and administration on a qualitatively new basis in connection with the intensification of some social processes and the need to solve systemic problems of socio-economic development of certain territories of Ukraine necessitates deep theoretical, methodological and scientificmethodological study of the imperfection of the public system. management and administration in conditions of resource constraints. At the same time, despite the intensification of efforts of scientists in the development of methodological tools, a universal approach to solving the problems of insufficient efficiency of public administration and administration has not yet been developed.
DYNAMICS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU: PROSPECTS AND NEW CHALLENGES
Authors: Berezovska I.
Published: March 2021

The entry into force of the Association Agreement with the European Union was a fateful event for the contemporary history of Ukraine. Currently, both components of the association: political one, which consists in spreading European values to Ukraine, and economic one, which involves Ukraine's integration into the EU internal market in exchange for legislation approximation, are without exaggeration fundamental factors for further development of Ukraine. The results of the previous years of the Association Agreement implementation testify to both significant achievements and a number of problems in Ukraine's fulfillment of its association with the EU “homework”. The article is devoted to the analysis of dynamics and the recent trends in the process of the Agreement implementation. As a result of the political changes that took place in Ukraine in 2019, including the election of a new president, parliament and government, European integration work on the implementation of the Association Agreement began in the new conditions. The improvement of the national institutional mechanism designed to ensure better coordination of work on the implementation of the Agreement between the competent authorities is among the positive trends in the process of its implementation. The fundamental legal principles and basic directions of work on Agreement updating are analyzed. It is proved that the prospect of updating has become an effective impetus to improve implementation processes. By initiating such an update, in order to strengthen its position in the negotiations with the EU, the Ukrainian side is forced to objectively assess the effectiveness of the Agreement implementation in certain areas and to intensify the completion of processes that are significantly behind. A new challenge in the process of implementing the Association Agreement was the emergence of the pandemic factor in 2020. The introduction of national quarantine and the incidence rate have significantly shifted priorities and affected European integration processes, both within Ukraine and at the EU level.
At the same time, it was stressed that the situation to ensure the Rule of law, in particular, the fight against corruption is the main challenge not only to obligations fulfillment under the agreement, but also to the entire European integration policy of Ukraine. It is noted that the
decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to repeal a significant part of anti-corruption legislation threatens the further integration of Ukraine with the EU. It was stressed that the future of not only Ukraine but also the region as a whole depends on whether the Association Agreement with the European Union will continue to serve as a transformational force capable of overcoming the weakness of the Rule of law within the country.
POTENTIAL AND ROLE OF UNDERSERVED FOREIGN MARKETS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S TRADE WITH THE EU
Authors: Shnyrkov O. , Pliushch D.
Published: March 2021

The article identifies the volume of underserved markets for the development of Ukraine's foreign trade with the EU. The Ukraine's export potential on the EU underserved market is analyzed. It is established that the intensification of trade relations between the Ukraine and EU is a mutually beneficial process, and export potential of Ukraine in the EU market for goods whose exports to the Russian Federation have decreased is of particular importance. The main foreign markets of Ukraine for the export of agricultural and industrial goods from Ukraine have been identified. The main commodity groups of underserved markets to the EU have been identified, the exports of which to the Russian Federation have decreased the most. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded that the underserved markets of the European Union play an important role in the development of Ukraine's trade: first, they allow reorientation of exports of Ukrainian goods, the import of which is prohibited into the customs territory of the Russian Federation, to EU
markets; secondly, they help to identify directions for the modernization of Ukrainian production in accordance with the unmet needs of the European goods market. It is concluded that the process of deepening mutual trade in underserved markets in a free trade area is mutually beneficial for Ukraine and the European Union, as trading partners can benefit from increased trade flows, and establishing international partnership between the parties can bring additional benefits in the long run.
The future of psychiatry
Authors: Sartorius Norman
Published: March 2021

Since the Second World War mental health programmes and psychiatry have made significant advances. Countries, as well as the United Nations, have recognized the magnitude and severity of mental health problems, and numerous national programmes have been launched to deal with them. Technology relating to the treatment of mental disorders has advanced and significant progress has been made in terms of knowledge regarding the functioning of the brain. The awareness of the need to protect the human rights of those with mental illness has increased. National and regional programmes against stigma and the consequent discrimination of those with mental illness, have been launched in many countries. Associations bringing together those who have experienced mental illness and their relatives, have come into existence in many countries.
While these are great steps forward, more work is necessary to complete these advances. In low- and middle-income countries, the vast majority of people with mental disorders do not receive adequate treatment. Even in highly industrialized countries, a third of people with severe forms of mental illness are not receiving the appropriate therapy. Laws concerning mental health are outdated in many countries. The protection of the human rights of the mentally ill is incomplete and imperfect. The emphasis on economic gain and the digitalization of medicine in recent years has not helped. On occasions, this has even slowed down the development of mental health services, and the provision of mental healthcare. Thus, psychiatry must still deal with the challenges of the past century, while facing new demands and tasks.
Among the new tasks for psychiatry are undoubtedly reforms which will allow (i) the provision of appropriate care of people with comorbid mental and physical disorders, (ii) the application of interventions leading to the primary prevention of mental and neurological disorders, and (iii) a radical reform of the education of psychiatrists and other mental health workers, dealing with mental illness. Collaboration with other stakeholders in the field of mental health and medicine, will be of crucial importance in relation to all these tasks.
Organization of Community Psychiatric Services in Finland
Authors: Korkeila Jyrki
Published: March 2021

Background. The Finnish psychiatric treatment system has undergone a rapid transformation from operating in institutional settings to a adopting a community-based approach, through implementation of national plans; this process was carried out quickly, due to a severe economic recession in the early 1990s.
Methods. This paper is a narrative review, based on relevant documents by national authorities, academic dissertations and published scientific literature, between 1984 and 2018, as well as the interviews of key experts in 2019.
Results. The municipality is currently the primary organization, responsible for all health services. Municipalities may also work together in organizing the services, either through unions of municipalities or hospital districts. Services are to a great extent outpatient-oriented. The number of beds is one fifth of the previous number, around four decades ago, despite the increase in population. In 2017, 191,895 patients in total (4% of Finns) had used outpatient psychiatric services, and the number of visits totalled 2.25 million. Psychotherapy is mainly carried out in the private sector by licensed psychotherapists. Homelessness in relation to discharged psychiatric patients has not been in evidence in Finland and deinstitutionalization has not caused an increase in the mortality rate among individuals with severe mental disorders.
Conclusion. Psychiatric patients have, in general, benefitted greatly from the shift from institutions to the community. This does not preclude the fact that there are also shortcomings. The development of community care has, to date, focused too heavily on resource allocation, at the expense of strategic planning, and too little on methods of treatment.
The effect of stem cells on the functional state of liver tissue against the background of a liver cirrhosis model (experimental study)
Authors: Kotkas Inna Е. , Mazurov Vadim I.
Published: March 2021

Relevance. Treatment of liver cirrhosis is an extremely important problem of modern medicine. Improvement of liver function in this category of patients is important not only for hepatology, but also for surgery, since surgical interventions on the liver in this pathology are often accompanied by the development of liver failure.
Purpose. To evaluate the effect of cell therapy on liver function in the experiment.
Materials and methods. The article presents the results of the experimental use of use of stem cells in simulated liver cirrhosis. The experiment was performed on 132 female c57black mice, which were between 12 and 18 weeks old. After forming a model of liver cirrhosis, in order to assess the effect of cell therapy on the function of liver tissue, individuals were injected with stem cells through the vessels of the peripheral bed and intraportally. 30 days after cell therapy, the blood levels of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, plasma diene conjugants, plasma malondialdehyde, plasma superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated.
Conclusion. According to the findings, obtained in the experiment, the use of cell therapy against the background of simulated cirrhosis of the liver contributed to a decrease in the severity of cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, stimulation of liver protein function, suppression of free radical oxidation and stimulation of the antioxidant system. At the same time, the best effect was achieved when the cell structures were introduced not into the peripheral vessels, but directly into the vascular bed of the liver.
Possibilities of janus kinase inhibitors application in complex treatment of patients with COVID-19
Authors: Saiganov Sergei A. , Mazurov Vadim I. , Melnikov Evgenii S. , Latariia Elgudzha L.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. More than 30 million cases and more than 970 thousand fatalities from COVID-19 have been registered. The effectiveness of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 antagonists and janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of new coronavirus infection is still being analyzed. At present, the emphasis is placed on the introduction into a wide practice of a Russian vaccine named Sputnik V.

Purpose. To compare the effect of complex therapy with baricitinib and dexamethasone on the course of COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 122 people hospitalized at the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov was carried out. All the patients were divided into three groups: the first one 64 patients who received therapy including baricitinib; the second one 33 patients whose therapy included dexamethasone; the third one 25 patients in the comparison group.

Results. In the first group of patients the lung damage was 25-75% (2-3 degree CT) in 78.1% of the patients, more than 75% in 14.1% of the patients, which was accompanied by severe clinical symptomatology and high laboratory activity. Against the background of the tharapy, positive dynamics of CT was observed in 48.4% of the cases. In the second group of patients the volume of pulmonary tissue damage by CT of 2-3 degrees was observed in 84.9% of the examined patients, clinical and laboratory activity corresponded to the moderate course of the disease. Against the background of the complex therapy, positive dynamics according to CT examination was observed in 18.2% of the cases. In the comparison group, positive dynamics according to CT was observed in 56% of the patients against the background of the therapy. Normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters was observed in all the patients from three study groups on the background of treatment.

Conclusions. In the first group the majority of the patients had he highest number of comorbid pathologies and severe course of COVID-19. Normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters was observed in all the groups of patients. As a result of standard comprehensive therapy, as well as therapy involving baricitinib or dexamethasone, positive dynamics according to CT data was observed in 48.4%, 18.2% and 56% of the patients, respectively.