bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Terhadap Toilet Training pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Yulfitri Yulfitri , Roslita Riau , Wisanti Eka
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan: Toilet training pada anak merupakan suatu usaha untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol melakukan buang air kecil dan buang air besar. Toilet training dapat berlangsung pada anak usia 18 bulan – 36 bulan. Pada tahapan ini anak membutuhkan persiapan baik secara fisik, psikologis maupun secara intelektual, sehingga diharapkan anak mampu mengontrol buang air besar atau kecil secara sendiri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahun dan sikap terhadap toilet training pada anak usia prasekolah.    Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 87 orang ibu yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah, dengan menggunakan Accidental sampling. Analisa yang digunakan adalah analisa univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat dengan pengujian statistik chi square. Results: penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan terhadap toilet training P value = 0,004 (P < 0,05), terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap terhadap toilet training P value = 0,013 (P < 0,005). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan pentingnya pengetahuan dan sikap serta peran orangtua terhadap penerapan toilet training pada anak usia toddler. Diharapkan kepada ibu untuk melatih anak agar BAK dan BAB ditoilet sejak dini. Diharapkan kepada pihak sekolah khususnya para guru untuk mengajarkan toilet training sejak dini pada anak dengan menghindari penggunaan diapers.
Gambaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada Siswa Disabilitas di Kota Makassar Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Rahman Framita
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan: Disabilitas merupakan kelompok atau populasi berisiko (population at risk) yang terus mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu yang hal yang harus dipenuhi dari penyandang Disabilitas yaitu PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah pada anak. Tujuan: memberikan gambaran tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) selama masa pandemic covid-19 pada siswa disabilitas di kota Makassar. Metode: Metode penelitian menggunakan survei deskriptif cross sectional study pada 103 siswa disabilitas menggunakan analisis deskriptif numerik. Results: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata pengetahuan mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada siswa disabilitas adalah 7,77 (77,66%), rerata sikap mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada siswa disabilitas didapatkan sebesar 28,24 (70,60%), rerata keterampilan mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat didapatkan sebesar 33,75 (84,36%).  Kesimpulan: pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan siswa disabilitas di kota Makassar mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dengan persentase diatas 70% sehingga dapat dikategorikan dalam kriteria cukup baik. Penelitian ini menjadi data dasar dalam pengembangan program edukasi kesehatan terstruktur mengenai PHBS sehingga dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan anak usia sekolah yang menyandang disabilitas menjadi lebih optimal.
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) untuk Skrining Depresi pada Orang dengan HIV Positif: Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen
Authors: Khumaidi Khumaidi , Yona Sri , Arista Liya , Nurlaelah Siti
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan: HIV/AIDS adalah penyakit kronis yang mengancam jiwa yang dapat berdampak terhadap munculnya masalah pada kesehatan mental salah satunya adalah depresi. Sifatnya yang mengancam jiwa memicu ketakutan akan kematian dan munculnya infeksi opportunistik serta efek samping ART menjadi pemicu timbulnya depresi. Oleh karena itu penting bagi perawat untuk mendeteksi depresi pada orang-orang dengan HIV. PHQ-9 adalah salah satu instrumen yang  dapat digunakan untuk mengskrining depresi pada orang dengan HIV.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen PHQ-9 dalam menskrining depresi pada pasien yang terdiagnosa HIV.

Metode : Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen PHQ-9 memiliki item correlation 0,508 sampai 0,907 yang berarti valid dan nilai Cronbach alpha = 0,936 yang berarti reliabel.

Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PHQ-9 memiliki nilai validitas dan reliabilitas yang baik dalam menilai depresi pada orang dengan HIV
Gambaran Tingkat Depresi dan Dukungan Teman Sebaya pada Lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Noer Rahma Aisyah Pretty , Nopriyanto Dwi , Faisal Nur Syukma Ramadhani
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan: Depresi merupakan perubahan psikologis yang terjadi pada manusia.  Seseorang yang lanjut usia dan mengalami depresi sangat membutuhkan dukungan dari berbagai pihak salah satunya dukungan teman sebaya. Dukungan sosial adalah timbal balik seseorang kepada orang lain dalam menunjukkan perhatian, mencintai, menghargai, dihormati dan dilibatkan saat komunikasi yang diperoleh dari keluarga, pasangan maupun teman sebaya.

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran tingkat depresi dan dukungan teman sebaya pada lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Kota Samarinda.

Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Alat ukur yang digunakan yaitu, kuisioner Geriatric Depression Scale dan Kuisioner Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya.

Hasil: Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa jumlah lansia tingkat depresi status normal sebanyak 28 orang (43%), depresi ringan sebanyak 23 orang (35%), dan depresi berat 14 orang (22%). Untuk dukungan teman sebaya didapatkan bahwa jumlah lansia dengan dukungan sebaya rendah sebanyak 49 orang (75%), dukungan sebaya sedang sebanyak 11 orang (17%), dan dukungan sebaya tinggi sebanyak 5 orang (8%).

Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Nirwana Puri Kota Samarinda mengalami depresi ringan dan berat dengan dukungan teman sebaya yang rendah.
Responsive Feeding dan Stunting Pada Anak : Literature Review
Authors: Azwar Azwar , Tane Reisy , Sartika MS Dewi
Published: November 2023

Latar Belakang : adalah Salah satu faktor risiko utama dari stunting yaitu asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuai sehingga akan berdampak pada kondisi tubuh yang tidak optimal pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan asupan nutrisi pada anak adalah dengan melakukan responsive feeding untuk meningkatkan proses penerimaan anak terhadap makanan yang dikomsumsi.

Tujuan: penulisan artikel ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan responsive feeding terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak

Metode: dilakukan literature review dengan hasil pencarian sebanyak 9 artikel dengan rentang tahun 2018-2023.

Hasil: studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa dengan dilakukannya responsive feeding dapat mencegah dan meningkatkan status nutrisi dari anak dengan stunting

Simpulan: metode responsive feeding dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan untuk meningkatkan minat dan kemampuan anak untuk makan lebih optimal.
Terapi Menggambar Menurunkan Tanda dan Gejala Pasien Skizofrenia Dengan Halusinasi
Authors: Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Syisnawati Syisnawati , Rasmawati Rasmawati , Sutria Eny , Hernah St
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan: World Health Organization (WHO) (2019), berdasarkan studi tahun 2019, prevalensi skizofrenia meningkat sebesar 40%, dari 20 juta menjadi 26 juta orang. Kesehatan jiwa menjadi salah satu permasalahan baik secara fisik maupun mental, sehingga masalah ini menjadi perhatian dunia termasuk Indonesia. Salah satu masalah kesehatan jiwa yang paling banyak dialami yaitu halusinasi. Halusinasi merupakan gangguan persepsi dimana klien mempersepsikan sesuatu yang sebenarnya tidak terjadi.
Tujuan: Masalah kesehatan jiwa dengan halusinasi dapat mengancam jiwa. Berdasarkan dari latar belakang. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hasil analisis pemberian terapi menggambar pada pasien skizofrenia dengan halusinasi. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode studi kasus dengan melakukan asuhan keperawatan mulai dari pengkajian sampai evaluasi pada kasus halusinasi di ruang kenari RSKD Dadi Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan.
Hasil: setelah diberikan terapi menggambar, didapatkan hasil bahwa tanda dan gejala halusinasi seperti mendengar suara-suara, marah-marah, merasa terganggu, khawatir, bicara sendiri, dan perilaku mengikuti isi halusinasi yang dialami pasien sudah menurun dan pasien mampu menerapkan terapi menggambar untuk menurunkan tanda dan gejala halusinasi yang dialaminya. Kesimpulan: terapi menggambar efektif dilakukan untuk membantu meningkatkan pengontrolan halusinasi serta dengan terapi menggambar dapat membantu mengurangi tanda dan gejala halusinasi yang dialami oleh pasien.
PENGARUH VIBROTERAPI TERHADAP KELUHAN KAKI PADA PERAWAT DI RSUD AW SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA
Authors: Aminuddin Muhammad , Sri Purwanti Henny , Cahyono Winata Fahroni , Octavia Hutahean Yetty , Marsauli Sihaaan Mega Eshi
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan, Kelelahan kaki merupakan kejadian Musculosceletal Disorders (MSDs) yang paling banyak terjadi pada perawat. Terapi getaran atau vibrotherapy merupakan terapi yang dapat meningkatkan aliran darah dan mengurangi kelelahan otot. Namun, efektivitas vibroterapi dalam mengatasi kelelahan perawat masih belum jelas. Tujuan Untuk mengetahui pengaruh vibrotherapy terhadap keluhan kaki perawat. Metode Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain non-equivalent control group design. Hasil Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 29 dari 32 responden (90,62%) menyatakan mempunyai keluhan pada kaki dan mengeluh nyeri pada kaki. Sebagian besar responden memiliki nilai asam laktat normal (87,5%), rendah (9,4%), dan tinggi (3,1%). Nilai asam laktat berbeda bermakna sebelum dan sesudah vibroterapi (p=0,001), namun tidak berbeda nyata pada kelompok kontrol dan senam kaki. Keluhan nyeri tungkai sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan berbeda bermakna pada semua kelompok. Rekomendasi, Terapi vibroterapi dapat dijadikan alternatif bagi perawat untuk mengurangi keluhan perawat shift sepulang kerja.

Kata Kunci : Keluhan kaki, nyeri, kelelahan otot, vibroterapi
Locating the Hans Tausen drill site
Authors: Hammer Claus Uffe
Published: November 2023

The Hans Tausen drill site was requested to be on a local dome, as high as possible, with a simple flow pattern and with an undisturbed flow pattern even close to bedrock.

The first mapping of the surface elevation was performed as part of a general mapping of the elevation and gravity over Greenland. Later, NASA performed a few overflights of the ice cap. Combining the passes, it was possible to get the main features: A mountainous northern part with complicated ice flow, and two more flat southern domes. The eastern dome was higher, and thus more interesting.

In 1993, a detailed airborne measurement of the surface elevation and ice thickness was performed. Based on this, the south eastern dome was selected as the best drill site. In 1994, the position of the dome, and additional ice thickness measurements were performed from the surface. This located the exact position of the dome, and allowed staging of drilling material the same year. Finally in 1995, additional measurements of surface elevations over the northern mountains and selected parts of the southeast Dome completed the surface mapping.

The measurement showed that the bedrock was very complicated with a south-north ravine separating the two southern domes. Below the southeast dome however the bedrock was relatively flat with an ice thickness of 345 metres and bedrock changes less than 25 metres. This dome was consequently selected as the site for the drilling to bedrock in 1995.
The Hans Tausen Ice Cap. Glaciology and glacial geology: Foreword
Authors: Hammer Claus
Published: November 2023

Abstract not available.
Geology of the lujavrites from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex South Greenland, with information from seven bore holes
Authors: Rose-Hansen John , Sørensen Henning
Published: November 2023

Lujavrites, melanocratic agpaitic nepheline syenites, are the most highly evolved rocks of the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. They have elevated contents of U. U-rich occurrences at Kvanefjeld in the northern part of the complex have been extensively drilled. Lujavrites from other parts of the complex were examined in seven bore holes, I to VII, in 1962 in an evaluation of the U potential of the complex. The study presents a general overview of the geology of the lujavrites, the distribution of various types of lujavrite and the structure of the complex partly based on the information obtained from the study of drill cores I-VII. The lujavrites are sandwiched between the roof and floor series of the complex. The drill cores penetrate the lower part of the roof series and present an incomplete section through the lujavrites. The lowermost lujavrites are dominated by aegirine lujavrites, cumulitic rocks directly succeeding the rocks of the floor series. The overlying arfvedsonite lujavrites intrude the lower part of the roof series.

The alternation of aegirine- and arfvedsonite-bearing lujavrites and the formation of layering are interpreted to be caused by changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the lujavritic magma, especially changes in PH2O and fO2. Villiaumite, NaF, has only been found in drill cores from high levels in the complex. Naujakasite, which is a common constitutent of the hyper-agpaitic lujavrites at Kvanefjeld, has not been observed in drill cores I-VII. This may be linked to its formation at higher levels in the complex than represented by these drill cores. The lujavrites of bore holes I-VII have with few exceptions moderate contents of U.
Localities, distribution and stratigraphical context of the Late Devonian tetrapods of East Greenland
Authors: Blom Henning , Clack Jennifer A. , Ahlberg Per E.
Published: November 2023

The Devonian tetrapod-yielding localities of East Greenland are described in detail, giving new information on distribution and stratigraphical context. Three genera of tetrapods, Ichthyostega, Acanthostega and a third not yet described, are known from different localities on Gauss Halvø and Ymer Ø. On Ymer Ø, tetrapods have been found loose in talus on the north and south sides of Celsius Bjerg. Tetrapod localities on Gauss Halvø are distributed between Parallel dal and along the south coastline, and are represented both by talus-derived and in situ collected material. One in situ locality, yielding numerous Ichthyostega specimens, is located in the lower part of the Britta Dal Formation on Sederholm Bjerg in Paralleldal. An Acanthostega yielding in situ locality is located higher up in the Britta Dal Formation on Stensiö Bjerg on the south coast. Talusderived material is reported from all areas and in both the Aina Dal Formation and the younger Britta Dal Formation. A review and summary of the detailed stratigraphy of the tetrapod-yielding succession on Gauss Halvø is presented for the first time and is based on old literature, specimen data, recent fieldwork, unpublished manuscripts and old field notes. Every recorded locality has been put in this stratigraphical framework in order to show a detailed distribution of specimens and enabling an assessment of this distribution.
The columns of ikaite tufa in Ikka Fjord, Greenland
Authors: Seaman Paul , Buchardt Bjørn
Published: November 2023

In Ikka Fjord in Southwest Greenland, tufaceous material is found associated with ikaite (calcium carbonate hexahydrate) over alkaline submarine springs. Ikaite tufa forms where mixing of alkaline spring water and cold seawater leads to supersaturation and instant precipitation. The submarine springs are fed by meteoric water that was percolated through a carbonatite cored, alkaline ring complex, known as the Grønnedal-Ika complex, belonging to the rift-related Proterozoic Gardar episode. The Ikka tufa structures grow into a variety of forms, predominantly columns known as Ikka columns, many up to 18 m high. Distribution and form of the tufa deposits and the submarine environment in Ikka Fjord have been mapped for the first time using echo-sounder traverses, lines of side-scan sonar imagery and seismic profiles from a ‘pinger’ sediment profiler. The maps show the extent of Ikka tufa development and distributional trends within the deposits. Hundreds of observations and photographs made by divers within the fjord, together with the maps, have enabled us to classify th etufas into five morphotypes: columns, fin-like structures, mounds, and hard grounds. Many of the tufas are arranged into lines and clusters. GIS analysis has revealed that the outcrop of the Grønnedal-Ika Complex, the proximity to stream mouths and bedrock exposures all control the distribution of the tufa deposits. Field observations have also shown that carbonatite dykes passing under the fjord are influencing Ikka column location. Where ikaite tufas form in abundance, maps of their distribution also indicate the pattern of submarine springs about the fjord bed.
The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland - an overview of 200 years of research and an outlook
Authors: Sørensen Henning
Published: November 2023

The Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland, the type locality of agpaitic nepheline syenites and of thirty minerals, among which arfvedsonite, eudialyte and sodalite, has been studied since 1806. The paper reviews the outcome of 200 years of geological investigations and presents an overview and a synthesis of the petrology of the complex. The site of the complex was invaded successively by augite syenitic, alkali granitic and nepheline syenitic melts. Remnants of the augite syenite and granite intrusions are found along the contacts of the nepheline syenites and as xenoliths in these. The nepheline syenites, which occupy the major part of the complex, are divided into a roof series, an intermediate series and a floor series. The roof series crystallized from the roof downward in the order pulaskite, foyaite, and the agpaitic rocks sodalitefoyaite and naujaite. The floor series consists of cumulates: an inferred hidden part formed simultaneously with the roof series and an exposed part of layered agpaitic nepheline syenites (kakortokites) which were formed at least partly later than the roof series. The floor series passes gradually into the overlying intermediate series consisting of the agpaitic rock type called lujavrites. The lujavrites enclose rafts of naujaite and appear to have been emplaced by piecemeal stoping. The larger lujavrite masses are floor cumulates, but lujavrite dykes and sheets occupy fractures in the roof seriesrocks.

According to one model for the evolution of the complex, the nepheline syeniteformed by consolidation of one magma batch in a closed system. The lujavrites were formed from the residual melts left after the formation of the roof series and the floor series and were sandwiched between these. A second model implies that the kakortokites and lujavrites formed from one or more separate magma pulses which intruded the already consolidated roof series rocks. This model is supported by new information on contact relations and especially on the petrology and geochemistry of a marginal pegmatitic facies that forms a rim around the kakortokite-lower aegirine lujavrite part of the complex. It consists of a massive-textured matrix intersected by pegmatites. The matrix was the first rock to form in the lowermost exposed part of the complex and gives information about the composition of the initial magma of the kakortokite-lujavrite sequence.

It is concluded that the agpaitic rocks of the complex were formed from at least two successive magma injections, which formed respectively the roof series and the kakortokite-lujavrite sequence.
A Problem Shared Is a Community Created: Recommendations for Cross-Institutional Collaborations
Authors: Hertz Marla Ilene , Badger Kelsey , Bohman Lena , Carr Jones Lucy , Nieman Hislop Christine , Smith Katy , Ye Hao
Published: November 2023

Committee work is a requisite job function for many in academia, yet designing a productive collaborative experience often remains a challenge. In this article, we reflect on our experiences as part of a successful cross-institutional working group and describe strategies to improve leadership structure, group dynamics, accountability, and incentives for collaborative projects.As of January 2023, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Data Management & Sharing (DMS) Policy requires investigators applying for funding to submit a Data Management and Sharing Plan (DMS Plan) that describes how scientific data will be managed, preserved, and shared. In response to this new policy, a community of more than 30 librarians and other research data professionals convened the Working Group on NIH DMSP Guidance, collaboratively producing comprehensive guidance about the policy for researchers and research support staff. In less than a year, the working group produced glossaries of NIH and data management jargon, an example data management and sharing plan, a directory of existing example plans, checklists for researchers and librarians, and an interactive repository finder.This group was a successful grassroots effort by contributors with diverse expertise and backgrounds. We discuss practical strategies for each stage of activity throughout the lifecycle of the working group; from recruiting members, designing pathways to encourage participation from busy professionals, structuring the meetings to facilitate progress and productivity, and disseminating final products broadly. We invite fellow librarians, data professionals, and academics to apply and build upon these strategies to tackle cross-institutional challenges.
Séductrice ou meurtrière ? La femme de Proverbes 7 lue sous un angle féministe
Authors: Darsigny-Trépanier Laurence
Published: November 2023

Dans cet article, l’autrice s’intéresse à la dynamique entre le jeune homme et l’autre femme en Pr 7, en mettant l’accent sur la violence qui la caractérise. Par son analyse des actions posées par l’autre femme, elle remet en question l’interprétation courante selon laquelle cette dernière serait une séductrice. À l’aide de diverses théories féministes contemporaines, l’autrice suggère plutôt de lire Pr 7 comme un récit mettant en scène une agression, un récit dans lequel s’opère une subversion des rôles de genres.
La « virtus essendi » de Thomas d’Aquin entre ses interprètes
Authors: Serra Pérez Manuel Alejandro
Published: November 2023

L’expression « virtus essendi » utilisée par Thomas d’Aquin dans certains passages de ses oeuvres a été un des sujets abordés dans le thomisme contemporain chez les plus importants commentateurs d’Aquin. Étienne Gilson fut le premier des commentateurs qui écrivit des notes explicatives sur son sens, montrant que ce pouvoir dont l’expression parle fait référence à la source d’où provient toute perfection et actualité, l’esse ut actus essendi. De son côté, le dominicain canadien Lawrence Dewan, particulièrement intéressé à montrer que cette « virtus » est partagée par les deux co-principes de l’étant, à savoir, la forme et l’être, considère au contraire que la doctrine thomiste de la « virtus essendi » développe plutôt le thème que la forme est le principe de l’être (principium essendi). Face à ces deux lectures contraires, dans cet article nous proposons d’en faire une analyse systématique et de proposer une possible piste d’investigation qui éclaire le sens de ce que Thomas d’Aquin comprend par l’expression « virtus essendi ».
La logique de la lumière chez Pseudo-Denys l’Aréopagite
Authors: Vlad Marilena
Published: November 2023

Cet article se focalise sur le concept de lumière dans les traités du Pseudo-Denys l’Aréopagite Sur les noms divins et La théologie mystique. Le but de l’analyse est de montrer que la lumière n’est pas seulement un nom divin, mais qu’elle a un rôle beaucoup plus complexe dans la pensée de Denys. Premièrement, c’est la lumière qui rend possible le déploiement de tous les noms divins. En outre, elle explique le sens et le fonctionnement du nom divin de « bien ». La lumière est l’essence de ce nom, aussi que de tous les autres noms divins, qu’elle parcourt et unit en une structure originaire. Enfin, son ultime suppression — qui identifie la lumière à son contraire absolu, la ténèbre — engage la suppression de tous les autres noms divins et lumières théologiques, ce qui ouvre vers les plus hauts mystères de la théologie.
La collaboration de l’école avec les familles au regard du sens donné à la réussite éducative par les cadres d’une administration scolaire
Authors: Ogay Tania , Conus Xavier , Banholzer Rahel , Cériani Loïc
Published: November 2023

Comment le concept de réussite éducative est-il interprété par les responsables d’une administration scolaire, des actrices et acteurs assurant la gestion de l’école depuis les coulisses de la scène scolaire? Inspirée par l’ethnographie critique de l’éducation, l’analyse inductive des données récoltées auprès de cadres de l’école du canton de Fribourg (Suisse) montre leur adhésion au concept de réussite éducative, même si peu ancré dans le prescrit institutionnel. La concrétisation de leur vision rencontre cependant des résistances, provenant d’une partie des parents et du personnel scolaire. Une analyse critique interroge les abords a priori séduisants du concept de réussite éducative et examine le risque qu’une vision partielle de la réussite éducative, focalisée sur l’action des familles, n’autorise l’école à fermer les yeux sur sa contribution à la création d’inégalités.
International scientific and technical cooperation with Russia's participation in the space sphere under sanctions: results and prospects
Authors: Shugurov Mark Vladimirovich
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the anti-Russian sanctions regime imposed by Europe and the United States in the field of space cooperation. As a result, space became involved in a geopolitical confrontation, which was not observed during the Cold War. The purpose of the article is to understand the features and consequences of the sanctions regime in relation to international scientific and economic cooperation with Russia's participation in the space sphere. The article claims that the sanctions regime in the space sphere of international cooperation is characterized by specifics. It consists in supplementing Western sanctions with measures that Russia has taken on its part to withdraw from some international scientific and technical projects. Special attention was paid to the study of the negative consequences of sanctions, which consist in complicating the synergy of efforts so necessary to make a cardinal breakthrough in the space sphere in the interests of all mankind. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, abstraction and generalization were used. This made it possible to move from diverse empirical data to theoretical generalizations about the nature and models of sanctions regimes against the Russian space industry and space science. In addition to this, a comparative approach was used, as well as a modeling method and a forecasting method. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that in it the event analysis of the confrontation in the context of the "sanctions – counter-sanctions" bundle is built in the context of the theory of sanctions in the field of science and technology. In addition, the problems of Western sanctions in relation to Russia's participation in international cooperation are shown against the background of an objective trend of fragmentation of international cooperation in the field of space. The main conclusion of the work is the position on the radicalism of Europe in severing ties with Russia and the cautious approach of the United States. It is demonstrated that considering the current situation through the prism of the concept of scientific and technical isolation of Russia in the space sphere is an exaggeration. The study showed that the damage caused by sanctions and counter-sanctions in relation to the Russian space industry, as well as in relation to world cosmonautics and space science is not catastrophic. At the same time, the current situation stimulates Russia's proactive scientific and technical policy at the national and international levels.
Two-dimensional ferromagnetism induced by Jahn-Teller distortion and orbital order
Authors: Zhang Jun-Ting , Wu Zong-Shuo , Shen Xiao-Fan ,   School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China,   School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: November 2023

With the decrease of system dimension, the quantum confinement effect and electronic correlation interaction inside the material will be enhanced correspondingly, often resulting in some novel physical properties. Recently, the freestanding perovskite oxide films as low as the monolayer limit have been successfully prepared and can be transferred to any desired substrate, which provides a great opportunity for exploring the functional properties of two-dimensional perovskite. In perovskite materials, Jahn-Teller distortion and orbital order often cause a variety of correlated electronic behaviors. However, unlike van der Waals materials that retain their structural and chemical bonding characteristics when they are reduced to the monolayer limit, perovskite materials may undergo structural reconstruction when they are reduced to two dimensional structures. Therefore, what are the issues to be solved urgently are whether Jahn-Teller distortion and related effects exist in the perovskite monolayer limit, and whether two-dimensional perovskite can exhibit some new properties different from its bulk phase. In this work, perovskite fluoride KCuF3 and its monolayer have been comparatively studied by the first-principles calculation, symmetry analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation methods, revealing the change in lattice dynamics, structural, electronic, and magnetic properties caused by dimensionality reduction in perovskites. The results show that the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion and the in-plane staggered orbital order occurring in the KCuF3 bulk can be retained to the monolayer limit. However, unlike the bulk phase, the Jahn-Teller distortion mode appears as a soft mode of the prototype phase in the monolayer, and the insulating property of the monolayer does not rely on the emergence of the Jahn-Teller distortion, but it is related to the enhancement of the electronic correlation effect. The staggered orbital order causes the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction to be ferromagnetic, resulting in the monolayer being a two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulator, different from the antiferromagnetic phase in the bulk. Monte Carlo simulations predict that the Curie temperature of the monolayer is about 5 K, which is much lower than the Néel temperature of the bulk phase, indicating that the disappearance of interlayer coupling leads to a significant reduction in the magnetic phase transition temperature. This work provides guidance and reference for studying the two-dimensional perovskite materials and designing the perovskite-based two-dimensional ferromagnets.
Wavefront distortion and compensation for weakly relativistic vortex beams propagating in plasma
Authors: Liu Wei , Jia Qing , Zheng Jian ,   Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: November 2023

The propagation of electromagnetic wave in plasma is one of the long-standing concerns in the field of laser plasma, and it is closely related to the researches of radiation source generation, particle acceleration, and inertial confinement fusion. Recently, the proposal of various schemes for generating intense vortex beams has led to an increasing number of researchers focusing on the interaction between intense vortex beams and plasmas, resulting in significant research progress in various areas, such as particle acceleration, high-order harmonic generation, quasi-static self-generated magnetic fields, and parametric instability. Compared with traditional Gaussian beams, vortex beams, featuring their hollow amplitudes and helical phases, can exhibit novel phenomena during propagating through plasma. In this work, we primarily focus on studying the influence of the propagation process on the wave structure of vortex beams before filamentation occurs. The three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that weakly relativistic vortex beams exhibit wavefront distortion during their propagation in plasma. The distortion degree is closely related to the intensity of the electromagnetic wave and the propagation distance for a given plasma density. This phenomenon is theoretically explained by using a phase correction model that considers the relativistic mass correction of electrons. Additionally, we demonstrate that the wavefront distortion can be compensated for and suppressed by appropriately modulating the initial plasma density, as confirmed by three-dimensional particle simulations. The results of decomposing the wavefront into Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) mode components indicate that the wavefront distortion is primarily caused by high-order p LG modes, and it is independent of other l LG modes. Additionally, we extend the present investigation to the propagation of vortex beams in axially magnetized plasma, where the phase correction model can also effectively explain the occurrence of wavefront distortion. Our work can deepen the understanding of the interaction between plasma and strong vortex beams, and provide some valuable references for designing plasma devices serving as the manipulation of intense vortex beams in future research.
Sensory collectives in natural systems
Authors: Williams Hannah J , Sridhar Vivek H , Hurme Edward , Gall Gabriella EC , Borrego Natalia , Finerty Genevieve E , Couzin Iain D , Galizia C Giovanni , Dominy Nathaniel J , Rowland Hannah M , Hauber Mark E , Higham James P , Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana , Melin Amanda D
Published: November 2023

Groups of animals inhabit vastly different sensory worlds, or umwelten, which shape fundamental aspects of their behaviour. Yet the sensory ecology of species is rarely incorporated into the emerging field of collective behaviour, which studies the movements, population-level behaviours, and emergent properties of animal groups. Here, we review the contributions of sensory ecology and collective behaviour to understanding how animals move and interact within the context of their social and physical environments. Our goal is to advance and bridge these two areas of inquiry and highlight the potential for their creative integration. To achieve this goal, we organise our review around the following themes: (1) identifying the promise of integrating collective behaviour and sensory ecology; (2) defining and exploring the concept of a ‘sensory collective’; (3) considering the potential for sensory collectives to shape the evolution of sensory systems; (4) exploring examples from diverse taxa to illustrate neural circuits involved in sensing and collective behaviour; and (5) suggesting the need for creative conceptual and methodological advances to quantify ‘sensescapes’. In the final section, (6) applications to biological conservation, we argue that these topics are timely, given the ongoing anthropogenic changes to sensory stimuli (e.g. via light, sound, and chemical pollution) which are anticipated to impact animal collectives and group-level behaviour and, in turn, ecosystem composition and function. Our synthesis seeks to provide a forward-looking perspective on how sensory ecologists and collective behaviourists can both learn from and inspire one another to advance our understanding of animal behaviour, ecology, adaptation, and evolution.
PI(3,4,5)P3 allosteric regulation of repressor activator protein 1 controls antigenic variation in trypanosomes
Authors: Touray Abdoulie O , Rajesh Rishi , Isebe Tony , Sternlieb Tamara , Loock Mira , Kutova Oksana , Cestari Igor
Published: November 2023

African trypanosomes evade host immune clearance by antigenic variation, causing persistent infections in humans and animals. These parasites express a homogeneous surface coat of variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs). They transcribe one out of hundreds of VSG genes at a time from telomeric expression sites (ESs) and periodically change the VSG expressed by transcriptional switching or recombination. The mechanisms underlying the control of VSG switching and its developmental silencing remain elusive. We report that telomeric ES activation and silencing entail an on/off genetic switch controlled by a nuclear phosphoinositide signaling system. This system includes a nuclear phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase (PIP5Pase), its substrate PI(3,4,5)P3, and the repressor-activator protein 1 (RAP1). RAP1 binds to ES sequences flanking VSG genes via its DNA binding domains and represses VSG transcription. In contrast, PI(3,4,5)P3 binds to the N-terminus of RAP1 and controls its DNA binding activity. Transient inactivation of PIP5Pase results in the accumulation of nuclear PI(3,4,5)P3, which binds RAP1 and displaces it from ESs, activating transcription of silent ESs and VSG switching. The system is also required for the developmental silencing of VSG genes. The data provides a mechanism controlling reversible telomere silencing essential for the periodic switching in VSG expression and its developmental regulation.
Assessing lead and cadmium tolerance of Chenopodium ambrosioides during micropropagation: an in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis
Authors: Jan Tour , Khan Nasrullah , Wahab Muhammad , Okla Mohammad K. , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Saleh Ibrahim A. , Abu-Harirah Hashem A. , AlRamadneh Tareq Nayef , AbdElgawad Hamada
Published: November 2023

The tolerance of Chenopodium ambrosioides to some heavy metals under in vitro environment was thoroughly investigated. A micropropagation protocol was developed to facilitate the mass production of plants and to identify metals-tolerant species for potential use in the restoration of polluted areas. Nodal explants exhibited callus formation when treated with N6-benzyladenin (BA) (1.5 mg/l) and a combination of BA/α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at concentrations of 1.5/1.0 mg/l on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The optimal shoot formation was achieved with the callus grown on a medium enriched with 1.5/1.0 mg/l BA/NAA, resulting in an impressive number (21.89) and length (11.79 cm) of shoots. The in vitro shoots were rooted using NAA (1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) and were acclimatized in pots with 71% survival rate. After standardizing micropropagation protocol, the in vitro shoots were subjected to various doses of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2 and cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 in the media let to a reduction in shoot multiplication, decreasing from 18.73 in the control group to 11.31 for Pb(NO3)2 and 13.89 for CdCl2 containing medium. However, Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 promoted shoot length from 5.61 in the control to 9.86 on Pb(NO3)2 and 12.51 on CdCl2 containing medium. In the case of Pb(NO3)2 treated shoots, the growth tolerance index (GTI) ranged from117.64% to 194.11%, whereas for CdCl2 treated shoots, the GTI ranged from 188.23% to 264.70%. Shoots treated with high level of Pb(NO3)2induced reddish-purple shoots, while a low level of Pb(NO3)2 induced shoots displayed both green and reddish-purple colors in the same explants. In CdCl2 treated culture, the toxic effects were narrow leaf lamina, elongated petiole and a dark reddish purple coloration. These findings highlight the remarkable potential of C. ambrosioides to maintain growth and organogenesis even in the presence Pb(NO3)2 and CdCl2 on the MS medium, indicating a high degree of metal tolerance.
Using transplantation to restore seagrass meadows in a protected South African lagoon
Authors: Watson Katie M. , Pillay Deena , von der Heyden Sophie
Published: November 2023

Background

Seagrass meadows provide valuable ecosystem services but are threatened by global change pressures, and there is growing concern that the functions seagrasses perform within an ecosystem will be reduced or lost without intervention. Restoration has become an integral part of coastal management in response to major seagrass declines, but is often context dependent, requiring an assessment of methods to maximise restoration success. Here we investigate the use of different restoration strategies for the endangered Zostera capensis in South Africa.

Methods

We assessed restoration feasibility by establishing seagrass transplant plots based on different transplant source materials (diameter (ø) 10 cm cores and anchored individual shoots), planting patterns (line, dense, bullseye) and planting site (upper, upper-mid and mid-intertidal zones). Monitoring of area cover, shoot length, and macrofaunal diversity was conducted over 18 months.

Results

Mixed model analysis showed distinct effects of transplant material used, planting pattern and site on transplant survival and area cover. Significant declines in seagrass cover across all treatments was recorded post-transplantation (2 months), followed by a period of recovery. Of the transplants that persisted after 18 months of monitoring (~58% plots survived across all treatments), seagrass area cover increased (~112%) and in some cases expanded by over >400% cover, depending on type of transplant material, planting arrangement and site. Higher bioturbator pressure from sandprawns (Kraussillichirus kraussi) significantly reduced transplant survival and area cover. Transplant plots were colonised by invertebrates, including seagrass specialists, such as South Africa’s most endangered marine invertebrate, the false-eelgrass limpet (Siphonaria compressa). For future seagrass restoration projects, transplanting cores was deemed the best method, showing higher long-term persistence and cover, however this approach is also resource intensive with potentially negative impacts on donor meadows at larger scales. There is a clear need for further research to address Z. capensis restoration scalability and improve long-term transplant persistence.
Centre of pressure changes during stance but not during gait in young women after alcohol intoxication
Authors: Gimunová Marta , Bozděch Michal , Novák Jan
Published: November 2023

Background

Women are underrepresented in research focused on alcohol (e.g., Brighton, Moxham & Traynor, 2016; DOI 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000136) despite the changing patterns of alcohol consumption, which has been increasing in women in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between habitual alcohol consumption and centre of pressure (CoP) parameters during stance and gait while intoxicated by alcohol.

Methods

Thirty women (24.39 ± 2.93 years) participated in this study. All participants were asked to answer the AUDIT questionnaire. Stance and gait analysis were repeated under two conditions on a Zebris platform (FDM GmbH; Munich, Germany): when the participants were sober (0.00% breath alcohol concentration, BrAC) and when they were in an intoxicated state (0.11% BrAC). Participants were divided by their AUDIT score into a low-risk alcohol consumption group (n = 15; AUDIT score: 3 to 6) and a hazardous alcohol consumption group (n = 15; AUDIT score: 7 to 13).

Results

No statistical difference was observed in stance and gait parameters when comparing the low-risk and hazardous groups under 0.00% BrAC and 0.11% BrAC conditions. A statistically significant difference was observed when comparing 0.00% BrAC and 0.11% BrAC conditions within each group. This significant difference was found in CoP path length and CoP average velocity during quiet stance. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in CoP parameters during gait. An alcohol intoxication of 0.11% BrAC was not sufficient to cause statistically significant impairments in butterfly parameters of gait.
Aplicación de citoquininas en pre-flor redirigen el metabolismo primario de las bayas y mejoran la calidad de la uva (Vitis vinífera).
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Schultz Buzeta Martin
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se comparó la calidad de bayas y raquis de dos tratamientos, control y aplicaciones seis ppm de Agromilplus en pre-flor. En ambos tratamientos se hicieron aplicaciones de AG3 durante la temporada. El ensayo se realizó sobre el cultivar de Thompson Seedless ubicado en Lampa, Región Metropolitana. La caracterización fue acompañada de un análisis de expresión de genes que poseen relación con el metabolismo primario, por medio de qPCR. Los resultados indicaron que existen diferencias entre los tratamientos en la calidad de las bayas dependiendo de la fecha en la que se realizaron los análisis. El calibre y la acidez fueron la caracterización que más diferencia obtuvieron entre los tratamientos, aumentando para las aplicaciones de CPPU. En la expresión de genes si bien no existen en diferencias estadísticamente significativas para todas las fechas, si se puede observar una tendencia al aumento en genes que codifican para enzimas de transportadores y reguladoras del metabolismo primario. En base a los resultados se explica un posible retraso de la fase lag por parte del tratamiento CPPU, que podría explicar las diferencias en madurez en cosecha. El trabajo posee puntos clave para intentar mejorar el entendimiento de las aplicaciones de citoquininas pre-flor con AG3 y su relación con la calidad de bayas y raquis.
Efficacy of Different Fungicides and Trichoderma Isolates against Leaf Blight Disease of Piper longum, Tylophora indica and Hibiscus subdariffa under in vitro
Authors: Saren Debashis , Murmu Sahar , De Sekhar , Saha Abhijit , Soren Chaitan
Published: November 2023

Leaf blight of the medicinal plants (Piper longum, Tylophora indica and Hibiscus subdariffa) is one of the most significant diseases that severely damage these crops throughout the year in West Bengal .So, management of this disease is essential at now. A few chemical fungicides and trichoderma isolates were tested under in vitro against the disease-associated pathogens in order to identify efficient chemical fungicides and bio agents.It was found that the trichoderma isolates T-2 and T-3 were effective against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, whereas the isolates T-1 and T-2 were efficient in inhibiting the growth of the test pathogen better against Fusarium sp. and Sclerotium rolfsii.With a higher percentage of inhibition (77.60%), copper oxychloride was the most effective fungicide against Fusarium sp. Conversely, carbendazim and dithane m-45 were more effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, showing 78.33% and 77.93% of inhibition, respectively, and less effective against Fusarium sp at higher concentrations (400 ppm). To determine whether or not these chemical fungicides and trichoderma isolates are effective under in vivo, they will be tested in the field against the corresponding pathogens associated with the disease.