bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The affective component of learning in simulation-based education – facilitators’ strategies to establish psychological safety and accommodate nursing students’ emotions
Authors: Madsgaard Anine , Røykenes Kari , Smith-Strøm Hilde , Kvernenes Monika
Published: April 2022

Background

Active learning situations such as simulation-based education (SBE) are found to trigger a wide range of emotions among students. Facilitators have an important educational role in SBE which include being attentive and adaptive to students’cognitive and affective responses. Although the importance of emotions in SBE is recognized in facilitator guidelines, little is known about how facilitators accommodate student affect. Hence, this study explores facilitators’ strategies for addressing students’ emotions in SBE.

Method

Individual interviews with nine facilitators were performed and transcripts were subjected to qualitative analyses in accordance with interpretive description approach.

Results

Findings show that facilitators are attentive to and continuously assess students’ emotional responses in SBE. Both positive emotions, such as interest and surprise, and negative emotions such as anxiety are cultivated, yet adapted to the perceived needs of the individual student. Psychological safety was seen as a prerequisite for optimal learning, regardless of the students’ previous level of knowledge. Furthermore, significant learning was seen as something that might also arise from uncomfortable experiences, such as students realizing their own mistakes or uncertainty. Hence facilitators were found to balance levels of difficulty, emotional arousal and psychological safety during the various phases of SBE.

Conclusion

Facilitators recognize the emotional dimension of learning in SBE and have numerous strategies for accommodating students’ emotions. This study highlights the complexity of the facilitator’s role in adapting training to individual cognitive and emotional needs. These findings have implications for facilitator training which should include awareness of the role of emotions in learning and strategies for observing and accommodating training to meet emotional needs.
Nucleation increases the visual appeal of lager but does not alter overall likeability or drinking rate
Authors: Troy David M. , Maynard Olivia M. , Hickman Matthew , Munafò Marcus R. , Attwood Angela S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Glassware can be an effective vehicle to recruit customers, revive brands, build profits and increase alcohol consumption by capitalising on the immediacy of glassware to the point of consumption. The design of glassware can also contribute to harm reduction by slowing and reducing consumption. Nucleated bases have been added to lager glasses in recent years which allow carbon dioxide (CO2) to be more rapidly released and ascend through the solution. The aim of these studies was to investigate the effect of nucleated glasses on the likeability and drinking rate of lager in alcohol drinkers.

Methods

In Study 1, participants (n = 116) were asked to taste two glasses of lager (280 millilitres (ml) each) in separate 5-min taste tests and fill out a likeability questionnaire after each glass in a within-subjects design with one factor of glass (nucleated, non-nucleated). The primary outcome was the likeability of lager and the secondary outcome was volume consumption during taste tests. In Study 2, participants (n = 160) were asked to consume a pint of lager (568 ml) and fill out a likeability questionnaire in a between-subjects design with one factor of glass (nucleated, non-nucleated). The primary outcome was time taken to consume a pint of lager and secondary outcomes were the likeability of lager, mood and alcohol craving.

Results

There was no clear evidence that likeability of lager differed between nucleated and non-nucleated glasses in either study. In Study 1, a paired-samples t test found strong evidence that lager in nucleated glasses was more visually appealing (single item from likeability measure) than lager in non-nucleated glasses (mean difference (MD) = 10.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1, 14.2, p < 0.001). In Study 2, a linear regression found no clear evidence that lager was consumed at different rates from nucleated and non-nucleated glasses (nucleated: 16.9 min, non-nucleated: 16.3 min, MD: 0.6 min, 95% CI − 1.5, 2.7, p = 0.57).

Conclusions

Nucleated lager glasses do not appear to alter the likeability or consumption (volume consumed in Study 1 or drinking rate in Study 2) of lager, although they do seem to increase the visual appeal and refreshment of lager. This may increase the number of drinking episodes by making the drinking experience more enjoyable which may lead to increased alcohol related harm.
Cost-effectiveness of pharmacological therapies for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huo Zhaohua , Lin Jiaer , Bat Baker K. K. , Chan Tak Kit , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Tsoi Kelvin K. F.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aims to synthesize the empirical economic evidence of pharmaceutical therapies for people with dementia.

Study design

Systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature evaluating the costs and effects of drug therapies for dementia was indexed until December 2021. Quality of study was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Consensus on Health Economic Criteria list. Cost data were standardized to 2020 US dollars and analyzed from healthcare service and societal perspectives. Random-effects models were used to synthesize economic and clinical data, based on mean differences (MDs) and standardized MDs.

Results

Ten unique studies were identified from 11,771 records. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine improved dementia-related symptoms, alongside nonsignificant savings in societal cost (AChEIs: MD-2002 [− 4944 ~ 939]; memantine: MD-6322 [− 14355 ~ 1711]). Despite decreases in cost, antidepressants of mirtazapine and sertraline and second-generation antipsychotics were limited by their significant side effects on patients’ cognitive and activity functions. Subgroup analysis indicated that the impacts of AChEIs on cost were affected by different analytical perspectives, follow-up periods, and participant age.

Conclusions

AChEIs and memantine are cost-effective with improvements in dementia-related symptoms and trends of cost-savings. More empirical evidence with non-industrial sponsorships and rigorous design in different settings is warranted.
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of the liver in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Lanis Aviya , Volochayev Rita , Kleiner David E. , Vittal Anusha , Heller Theo , Rider Lisa G. , Shenoi Susan
Published: April 2022

Background

We present two cases of Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia (NRH) associated with Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM).

Case Presentation

Case 1: A nine-year-old Caucasian male with refractory JDM and anti-NXP2 autoantibodies was diagnosed at age two. Over seven years, he developed arthritis, dysphagia, dysphonia, severe calcinosis, and colitis. Complications included recurrent cellulitis, infections, and hepatosplenomegaly. Multiple medications were chronically used, including prednisone, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, tacrolimus, etanercept, abatacept, infliximab, and tocilizumab.

Case 2: A 19-year-old Asian female with chronically active JDM and anti-MDA5 autoantibodies was diagnosed at age 15. Symptomatology included ulcerative skin lesions, Raynaud’s phenomenon with digital ulcers, arthritis, interstitial lung disease with pulmonary hypertension, and calcinosis. Medications included chronic use of prednisone, methotrexate, abatacept, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, tofacitinib, and sildenafil.

In both patients, clinical symptomatology was not suggestive of liver disease or portal hypertension, but laboratory studies revealed elevated serum transaminases with progressive thrombocytopenia and no active liver-associated infections. The first patient’s liver ultrasound showed coarse hepatic texture with mild echogenicity, splenomegaly, and portal hypertension. The second patient’s liver ultrasound was normal, but elastography indicated increased stiffness. Liver biopsy confirmed NRH in both patients.

Conclusions

It is difficult to recognize NRH in JDM, as it often presents with elevated transaminases which may be mistaken for JDM muscle flare, corticosteroid-related fatty liver, or medication-related transaminitis. NRH has been associated with several medications used to treat JDM, including methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide, which should be discontinued if NRH develops. Providers should consider NRH in JDM patients with severe, refractory disease who have persistently elevated transaminases and persistent thrombocytopenia.
Neonatal congenital heart surgery: contemporary outcomes and risk profile
Authors: Elassal Ahmed Abdelrahman , AL-Radi Osman Osama , Debis Ragab Shehata , Zaher Zaher Faisal , Abdelmohsen Gaser Abdelmohsen , Faden Mazen Shamsaldeen , Noaman Nada Ahmed , Elakaby Ahmed Ragab , Abdelmotaleb Mohamed Esam , Abdulgawad Ahmed Mostafa , Elhudairy Mohamed Saleh , Jabbad Abdulla Husain , Ismail Ahmed Abdelaziz , Aljohani Norah Bakheet , Alghamdi Arwa Mohammed , Dohain Ahmed Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Objective

Many studies still dispute the identification of independent risk factors that influence outcome after neonatal cardiac surgery. We present our study to announce the contemporary outcomes and risk profile of neonatal cardiac surgery at our institute.

Methods

We designed a retrospective study of neonatal patients who underwent surgery for congenital heart diseases between June 2011 and April 2020. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were collected from medical records and surgical databases. The primary outcome was the operative mortality (in-hospital death) and secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation.

Results

In total, 1155 cardiac surgeries in children were identified; of these, 136 (11.8%) were performed in neonates. Arterial switch operations (48 cases) were the most frequent procedures. Postoperatively, 11 (8.1%) patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 4 (2.9%) patients had complete heart block. Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 11%. The median postoperative duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and hospital length of stay were 6, 18, and 24 days, respectively.

Conclusion

The early outcomes of neonatal cardiac surgery are encouraging. The requirement of postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, and acute kidney were identified as independent risk factors of mortality following surgery for congenital heart defects in neonates.
One Cell At a Time (OCAT): a unified framework to integrate and analyze single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Wang Chloe X. , Zhang Lin , Wang Bo
Published: April 2022

Integrative analysis of large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets can aggregate complementary biological information from different datasets. However, most existing methods fail to efficiently integrate multiple large-scale scRNA-seq datasets. We propose OCAT, One Cell At a Time, a machine learning method that sparsely encodes single-cell gene expression to integrate data from multiple sources without highly variable gene selection or explicit batch effect correction. We demonstrate that OCAT efficiently integrates multiple scRNA-seq datasets and achieves the state-of-the-art performance in cell type clustering, especially in challenging scenarios of non-overlapping cell types. In addition, OCAT can efficaciously facilitate a variety of downstream analyses.
Systematic review to evaluate a potential association between helminth infection and physical stunting in children
Authors: Raj E. , Calvo-Urbano B. , Heffernan C. , Halder J. , Webster J. P.
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite considerable public health efforts over the past 20 years, childhood stunting (physical and/or cognitive) levels globally remain unacceptably high—at 22% amongst children under 5 years old in 2020. The aetiology of stunting is complex and still largely unknown. Helminths can cause significant mortality and morbidity and have often been cited as major causative agents for stunting, although their actual role in childhood stunting remains unclear. Our aim was to systematically review the current evidence to help support or refute the hypothesis that helminths cause physical stunting in children.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were as follows: infected with (and/or exposed to) helminths (soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomes or food-borne trematodes), children, pregnant or breastfeeding women as study participants (children included infants 0–1 year old, preschool-age children 1–5 years and school-age children > 5 years old), anthelmintic treatment intervention, stunting-related variables reported (e.g. height, height-for-age z-score, birth weight), helminth infection reported in relation to stunting, any geographic location, any date, peer-reviewed literature only. Exclusion criteria were: non-primary research, study protocols, studies with no new data, non-English language papers and animal (non-human) helminth studies. Seven databases were searched on 28 May 2021. Risk of bias was assessed for included studies and GRADE was used for studies included in RCT subgroup meta-analyses (in preschool-age children and pregnant women). This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021256201).

Results

Eighty studies were included in the analyses. No significant overall evidence was found in support of the hypothesis that helminths cause physical stunting in children, although there was some association with wasting.

Conclusions

Whilst analyses of the available literature to date failed to support a direct association between helminth infection and childhood stunting, there was significant heterogeneity between studies, and many had follow-up periods which may have been too short to detect impacts on growth. Most apparent was a lack of available data from key demographic groups wherein one may predict the greatest association of helminth infection with stunting—notably that of infants, preschool-age children, and pregnant or nursing women. Thus this review highlights the urgent need for further targeted empirical research amongst these potentially most vulnerable demographic groups.

Graphical Abstract
Does microfinance foster the development of its clients? A bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review
Authors: Ribeiro João Paulo Coelho , Duarte Fábio , Gama Ana Paula Matias
Published: April 2022

This paper conducts a scientometric analysis and systematic literature review to identify the trends in microfinance outcomes from the perspective of their recipients, specifically more vulnerable people, while also focusing on the demand side. Applying the keywords “co-occurrence networks” and “citation networks,” we examined 524 studies indexed on the ISI Web of Science database between 2012 and March 2021. The subsequent content analysis of bibliometric-coupled articles concerns the main research topics in this field: the socioeconomic outcomes of microfinance, the dichotomy between social performance and the mission drift of microfinance institutions, and how entrepreneurship and financial innovation, specifically through crowdfunding, mitigate poverty and empower the more vulnerable. The findings reinforce the idea that microfinance constitutes a distinct field of development thinking, and indicate that a more holistic approach should be adopted to boost microfinance outcomes through a better understanding of their beneficiaries. The trends in this field will help policymakers, regulators, and academics to examine the nuts and bolts of microfinance and identify the most relevant areas of intervention.
Inclusion of patient-reported outcome instruments in US FDA medical device marketing authorizations
Authors: Matts Sophia T. , Webber Christina M. , Bocell Fraser D. , Caldwell Brittany , Chen Allen L. , Tarver Michelle E.
Published: April 2022

Background

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration encourages the incorporation of the patient voice throughout the medical device total product lifecycle. This study examined the incorporation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments in the evaluation of medical devices over a six-year period. PRO instruments used to inform study endpoints were extracted from the summary documents and clinical trial data of premarket authorizations posted on publicly available FDA databases between October 1, 2014—September 30, 2020.

Results

PROs were included in 53% of authorizations, with 34% using PROs as primary and secondary endpoints. This study found that PRO instruments were used in each type of marketing authorization and in all medical specialties examined in this study.

Conclusions

Expanding the current collaborative efforts to develop and modify PRO instruments may help to improve use of PROs in medical device evaluations.
Research Progress of hypersonic boundary layer transition control experiments
Authors: Yang He-sen , Liang Hua , Guo Shan-guang , Tang Meng-xiao , Zhang Chuan-biao , Wu Yun , Li Ying-hong
Published: April 2022

Hypersonic boundary layer transition is a hot yet challenging problem restricting the development and breakthrough of hypersonic aerodynamics. In recent years, despite great progress made by wind tunnel experiment, transition mechanism and transition prediction, only partial knowledge has been gained so far. In this paper, firstly, the specific scenarios of hypersonic boundary layer transition control are clarified. Secondly, the experimental research progress and mechanism of passive control and active control methods under different hypersonic transition control demands are summarized, with their advantages and disadvantages being analyzed separately. Plasma actuation is easy to produce controllable broadband aerodynamic actuation, which has potential in the field of boundary layer transition control. Hence, the following part of the paper focuses on plasma flow control. The feasibility of plasma actuation to control the hypersonic boundary layer transition is demonstrated and the research ideas are presented. Finally, hypersonic boundary layer transition control methods are summarized and the direction of future research is prospected.
Daily Oral Ibandronate With Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (BOOG 2006-04): Randomized Phase III TEAM-IIB Trial
Authors: Vliek Sonja B. , Noordhoek Iris , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , van Rossum Annelot G.J. , Dezentje Vincent O. , Jager Agnes , Hokken J.W. Esmeralda , Putter Hein , van der Velden Annette W.G. , Hendriks Mathijs P. , Bakker Sandra D. , van Riet Yvonne E.A. , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C.G. , Portielje Johanneke E.A. , Kroep Judith R. , Nortier Johan W.R. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Linn Sabine C.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

For postmenopausal patients with breast cancer, previous subgroup analyses have shown a modest benefit from adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment. However, the efficacy of oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates such as ibandronate is unclear in this setting. TEAM-IIB investigates adjuvant ibandronate in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer.

METHODS

TEAM-IIB is a randomized, open-label, multicenter phase III study. Postmenopausal women with stage I-III ER+ breast cancer and an indication for adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) were randomly assigned 1:1 to 5 years of ET with or without oral ibandronate 50 mg once daily for 3 years. Major ineligibility criteria were bilateral breast cancer, active gastroesophageal problems, and health conditions that might interfere with study treatment. Primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS), analyzed in the intention-to-treat population.

RESULTS

Between February 1, 2007, and May 27, 2014, 1,116 patients were enrolled, 565 to ET with ibandronate (ibandronate arm) and 551 to ET alone (control arm). Median follow-up was 8.5 years. DFS was not significantly different between the ibandronate and control arms (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.24; log-rank P = .811). Three years after random assignment, DFS was 94% in the ibandronate arm and 91% in the control arm. Five years after random assignment, this was 89% and 86%, respectively. In the ibandronate arm, 97/565 (17%) of patients stopped ibandronate early because of adverse events. Significantly more patients experienced GI issues, mainly dyspepsia, in the ibandronate arm than in the control arm (89 [16%] and 54 [10%], respectively; P < .003). Eleven patients in the ibandronate arm developed osteonecrosis of the jaw.

CONCLUSION

In postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer, adjuvant ibandronate 50 mg once daily does not improve DFS and should not be recommended as part of standard treatment regimens.
Tislelizumab Versus Chemotherapy as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (RATIONALE-302): A Randomized Phase III Study
Authors: Shen Lin , Kato Ken , Kim Sung-Bae , Ajani Jaffer A. , Zhao Kuaile , He Zhiyong , Yu Xinmin , Shu Yongqian , Luo Qi , Wang Jufeng , Chen Zhendong , Niu Zuoxing , Zhang Longzhen , Yi Tienan , Sun Jong-Mu , Chen Jianhua , Yu Guohua , Lin Chen-Yuan , Hara Hiroki , Bi Qing , Satoh Taroh , Pazo-Cid Roberto , Arkenau Hendrick-Tobias , Borg Christophe , Lordick Florian , Li Liyun , Ding Ningning , Tao Aiyang , Shi Jingwen , Van Cutsem Eric ,   for the RATIONALE-302 Investigators
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

Patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have poor prognosis. For these patients, treatment options are limited after first-line systemic therapy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this open-label phase III clinical study, patients with advanced or metastatic ESCC, whose tumor progressed after first-line systemic treatment, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous tislelizumab, an anti–programmed cell death protein 1 antibody, 200 mg every 3 weeks or chemotherapy (investigator's choice of paclitaxel, docetaxel, or irinotecan). The primary end point was overall survival (OS) in all patients. The key secondary end point was OS in patients with programmed death-ligand 1 tumor area positivity (TAP) score ≥ 10%.

RESULTS

In total, 512 patients across 11 countries/regions were randomly assigned. At final analysis, conducted after 410 death events occurred, OS was significantly longer with tislelizumab versus chemotherapy in all patients (median, 8.6 v 6.3 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.85]; one-sided P = .0001), and in patients with TAP ≥ 10% (median, 10.3 months v 6.8 months; HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.79]; one-sided P = .0006). Survival benefit was consistently observed across all predefined subgroups, including those defined by baseline TAP score, region, and race. Treatment with tislelizumab was associated with higher objective response rate (20.3% v 9.8%) and a more durable antitumor response (median, 7.1 months v 4.0 months) versus chemotherapy in all patients. Fewer patients experienced ≥ grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (18.8% v 55.8%) with tislelizumab versus chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION

Tislelizumab significantly improved OS compared with chemotherapy as second-line therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic ESCC, with a tolerable safety profile. Patients with programmed death-ligand 1 TAP ≥ 10% also demonstrated statistically significant survival benefit with tislelizumab versus chemotherapy.
Chromosome 3p25.3 Gain Is Associated With Cisplatin Resistance and Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Outcome in Male Malignant Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Timmerman Dennis M. , Eleveld Thomas F. , Sriram Sruthi , Dorssers Lambert C.J. , Gillis Ad J.M. , Schmidtova Silvia , Kalavska Katarina , van de Werken Harmen J.G. , Oing Christoph , Honecker Friedemann , Mego Michal , Looijenga Leendert H.J.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

Cisplatin is the main systemic treatment modality for male type II germ cell tumors (GCTs). Although generally very effective, 5%-10% of patients suffer from cisplatin-resistant disease. Identification of the driving mechanisms of resistance will enable improved risk stratification and development of alternative treatments.

METHODS

We developed and characterized cisplatin-resistant GCT cell line models and compared their molecular characteristics with patient samples with cisplatin resistance and/or a poor clinical outcome. Subsequently, the association between the overlapping genetic features and clinical data was assessed. Finally, we used Cox regression to determine the prognostic relevance of these features within the currently used risk classification.

RESULTS

Gain of chromosome 3p25.3 was detected in all cisplatin-resistant cell lines, and copy number of this region correlated with the level of resistance (R = 0.96, P = 1.5e-04). Gain of this region was detected at low frequencies in primary tumors and at higher frequencies in relapsed and/or cisplatin-resistant tumors. Chromosome 3p25.3 gain was associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival, with the strongest association observed in nonseminomas excluding pure teratomas. 3p25.3 gain was more frequently observed in tumors with yolk sac tumor histology and predicted adverse outcome independent of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group risk classification and the presence of TP53/ MDM2 alterations.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of both in vitro analyses and clinical data, we found 3p25.3 to be strongly associated with cisplatin resistance and poor clinical outcome in male type II GCTs. Using genomic profiling, 3p25.3 status could help to improve risk stratification in male patients with type II GCT. Further characterization of this locus and underlying mechanisms of resistance is warranted to guide development of novel treatment approaches for cisplatin-resistant disease.
Religiosity and Young Unmarried Women's Sexual and Contraceptive Behavior: New Evidence From a Longitudinal Panel of Young Adult Women
Authors: Brooks Isabel H. McLoughlin , Weitzman Abigail
Published: April 2022

Drawing on weekly panel data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study, we investigate the relationship between religiosity and young Christian women's premarital intercourse, hormonal contraceptive use, and condom use for a period of up to 2.5 years. Mediation analyses reveal what explains the relationship between baseline religiosity and young women's subsequent reproductive behaviors, with consideration for their normative environments, moral order and learned competencies, attitudes, and anticipated guilt after sex. Results indicate that the more religious a young woman is, the less likely she is to have intercourse and to use hormonal contraception in a given week. However, when having intercourse and not using a hormonal method, the more religious a young woman is, the more likely she is to use condoms. Religiosity's relationship to these behaviors operates largely through women's reproductive attitudes, anticipated feelings of guilt after sex, and past sexual or contraceptive behaviors. Together, these findings highlight the complex relationship between religiosity and premarital sex and contraceptive use, elucidate key pathways through which religiosity operates, and draw attention to the often overlooked role of sexual emotions.
Fulfillment of Patient Expectations After Spine Surgery is Critical to Patient Satisfaction: A Cohort Study of Spine Surgery Patients
Authors: Rampersaud Y. Raja , Canizares Mayilee , Perruccio Anthony V. , Abraham Edward , Bailey Christopher S. , Christie Sean D. , Evaniew Nathan , Finkelstein Joel A. , Glennie Raymond Andrew , Johnson Michael G. , Nataraj Andrew , Paquet Jerome , Phan Philippe , Weber Michael H. , Thomas Kenneth , Manson Neil , Hall Hamilton , Fisher Charles G.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND:

Patient satisfaction is an important indicator used to monitor quality of care and outcomes after spine surgery.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the complex relationship between preoperative expectations, fulfillment of expectations, postsurgical outcomes, and satisfaction after spine surgery.

METHODS:

In this national study of patients undergoing elective surgery for degenerative spinal conditions from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network Registry, we used logistic regression to examine the relationships between patient satisfaction with surgery (1-5 scale), preoperative expectation score (0 = none to 100 = highest), fulfillment of expectations, and disability and pain improvement.

RESULTS:

Fifty-eight percent of patients were extremely satisfied, and 3% were extremely dissatisfied. Expectations were variable and generally high (mean 79.5 of 100) while 17.3% reported that none of their expectations were met, 49.8% reported that their most important expectation was met, and 32.9% reported that their most important expectation was not met but others were. The results from the fully adjusted ordinal logistic model for satisfaction indicate that satisfaction was higher among patients with higher preoperative expectations (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI]: 1.11, [1.04-1.19]), reporting important improvements in disability (OR [95% CI]: 2.52 [1.96-3.25]) and pain (OR [95% CI]: 1.64 [1.25-2.15]) and reporting that expectations were fulfilled (OR = 80.15, for all expectations were met). The results were similar for lumbar and cervical patients.

CONCLUSION:

Given the dominant impact of expectation fulfillment on satisfaction level, there is an opportunity for improving overall patient satisfaction by specifically assessing and mitigating the potential discrepancies between patients' preoperative expectations and likely surgical outcomes. The findings are likely relevant across elective surgical populations.
Efficacy of Exercise for Fall Prevention in Older Adults
Authors: Bechtel Meredith , Garber Carol Ewing
Published: April 2022

Apply It!

• The exercise professional will be given evidenced-based effective exercises to be used for fall mitigation and prevention purposes with older adults.

• The exercise professional will learn to look for common risk factors for falling in an assessment and how to address these in an exercise program.

• The exercise professional will be provided with strategies for successful work with a client who experiences fear of falling.
Effective Contract As a Means of Monitoring of the Professional Achievements of a Scientific and Pedagogical Worker
Authors: MINCHENKO Vladimir , Poddubnaya Tatiana , ZADNEPROVSKAYA Elena , Khatit Fatima
Published: April 2022

Based on the analysis and generalization of research, the experience of implementing effective contracts in the activities of universities, the article provides a rationale for an effective contract as a means of monitoring the professional achievements of a scientific and pedagogical worker in the context of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the university. The purpose of the article is to reveal the historical roots of the implementation of an effective contract in the practice of higher educational institutions, to describe its functional purpose, main characteristics and implementation experience. The authors reveal the reasons for the transition of universities to a criterion assessment of the effectiveness of the professional activities of scientific and pedagogical workers, the concept and principles of the development and implementation of an effective contract are given, variations in the criteria and indicators of teachers' performance reflected in an effective contract, as well as mechanisms for their provision and accounting are presented. The study allows you to develop an understanding of an effective contract as a method of objective complex assessment of the results of scientific and pedagogical work and an innovative mechanism of educational management.

The research materials deepen the understanding of monitoring the professional activity of a scientific and pedagogical worker in the context of globalization, which complements the existing scientific understanding of the determinants of systemic changes in the professional activity of a higher school teacher and theoretical ideas in the field of educational qualimetry.
Modern Trends in the Personnel Adaptation System
Authors: Kashtanova YEkatyerina , Lobacheva A.
Published: April 2022

Personnel adaptation is a very widespread topic in scientific and practical research, since adaptation is an important effective link linking together the central issues of hiring, evaluating and promoting employees and organizational changes in the company. Such increased attention to this topic made it possible to consider in the article both the most noticeable and effective tools for personnel adaptation, as well as new ways of its virtual implementation, allowing to meet the requirements of today and related to the spread of remote employment in a pandemic. Thus, the article creates an interactive visualization of the issues most studied by adaptation specialists, such as the use of gamification, storytelling, digital technologies in the implementation of the adaptation process, the construction of effective communications. Our review suggests ways to solve the problems that arise during virtual adaptation in order to allow future research on this topic to develop and accumulate. Much attention is paid in the article to the study of options for the participation and involvement of managers and mentors in the adaptation of new employees.
Immediate neurotropic effects of ukrainian phytocomposition
Authors: Ruzhylo Sofiya , Fihura Oksana , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: April 2022

Background. Previous experimental and clinical-physiological studies have shown that the Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Kryms’kyi” has adaptogenic properties, which are manifested in its vegetative, endocrine, immunotropic, coagulotropic, actotropic and metabolic effects. However, the neurotropic properties of the phytocomposition remain unclear, which is the purpose of this study. Materials and methods. The object of observation were 12 women (44±13 years) and 62 men (44±12 years) with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex. HRV and EEG parameters were recorded in the morning in basal conditions. Then the members of the main group used 5 ml of phytocomposition dissolved in 45 ml of tap water, instead in the control group used 50 ml of the latter. After 1,5 hours, the test was repeated. Results. Discriminant analysis revealed 30 EEG parameters and 4 HRV parameters characteristic of the initial state and after consumption of phytocomposition or tap water. Conclusion. Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets” causes immediate neurotropic effects at patients with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex.
Los alumnos y su aprendizaje: un game changer en el aula. El caso de la asignatura de Dibujo 2 en las escuelas de Arquitectura
Authors: Acosta Almeda Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Esta comunicación es el resultado del Programa de Formación e Innovación Docente del Profesorado 2021. Se propone un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) en la asignatura de Dibujo 2: Expresión y comunicación, perteneciente al primer curso del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla. El objetivo ha sido reconvertir parte de las sesiones de la asignatura en un laboratorio experimental de docencia, en la que se ha puesto el foco en el aprendizaje y en los alumnos. El diseño se ha centrado en la dinamización del aula, la autoconstrucción de conocimientos y la adquisición de contenidos que permitan formar a unos arquitectos críticos y concienciados con los retos del mañana. Los resultados derivados de la aplicación de este ciclo de mejora son reveladores. El diseño propuesto ha aumentado la participación y respuesta de los estudiantes a las actividades en el aula, pero, sobre todo, ha influido positivamente en la evolución del aprendizaje de los alumnos. Este primer diseño es sin duda la base sobre la que modificar el programa completo de la asignatura en pos de un nuevo modelo de docencia que, a todas luces, resulta más efectivo tanto para alumnos como para profesores.
An Operations Research–Based Teaching Unit for Grade 10: The ROAR Experience, Part I
Authors: Colajanni Gabriella , Gobbi Alessandro , Picchi Marinella , Raffaele Alice , Taranto Eugenia
Published: April 2022

We introduce Ricerca Operativa Applicazioni Reali (ROAR; in English, Real Applications of Operations Research), a three-year project for higher secondary schools. Its main aim is to improve students’ interest, motivation, and skills related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics disciplines by integrating mathematics and computer science through operations research. ROAR offers examples and problems closely connected with students’ everyday life or with the industrial reality, balancing mathematical modeling and algorithmics. The project is composed of three teaching units, addressed to grades 10, 11, and 12. The implementation of the first teaching unit took place in Spring 2021 at the scientific high school IIS Antonietti in Iseo (Brescia, Italy). In particular, in this paper, we provide a full description of this first teaching unit in terms of objectives, prerequisites, topics and methods, organization of the lectures, and digital technologies used. Moreover, we analyze the feedback received from students and teachers involved in the experimentation, and we discuss advantages and disadvantages related to distance learning that we had to adopt because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Funding: E. Taranto and G. Colajanni were partially supported by the research projects “Programma Ricerca di Ateneo UNICT 2020-22 linea 2,” “EEEP&DLaD,” and “OMNIA” of the University of Catania.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0271 .
PROBLEMATIKA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS (ABK) SD INKLUSI TAMAN SISWA REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Intan Intan , Warsah Idi , Jaya Guntur Putra , Jamaludin Gilang Maulana
Published: April 2022

Children with special needs are those who need education provided according to each individualâ€™s need. They should receive proper education in the same way as other normal children to develop their potential without any discrimination against their backgrounds. Inclusive schools become one of the answers to meet these needs. Many things must certainly be prepared by educational institutions before implementing the inclusive-based school model amid the community because this will be capable of minimizing learning problems in the future. Grounded in this issue, the researcher sought to find out more deeply the problems of implementing an inclusive education at Elementary School of Taman Siswa in Rejang Lebong. This study applied a qualitative approach, and the data were garnered by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were further analyzed using qualitative analysis stages. This study found the following conclusions. The problems faced by teachers in terms of inclusive-school learning are teachersâ€™ competences, no specific tutor for students with special needs, parents' knowledge, studentsâ€™ difficulties in receiving materials, the readiness of school management, lack of governmentâ€™s attention and public awareness. The efforts made by the school to overcome these problems include: implementing learning by using fun methods and media, involving students with special needs in each learning activity, providing additional time for students with special needs, and trying to make use of learning facilities individually.
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER KREATIF MELALUI EKSTRAKURIKULER HIZBUL WATHAN DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGKAJEN II YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wulandari Monika Feby , Hidayah Nur
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembentukan karakter kreatif melalui ekstrakurikuler Hizbul Wathan di SD Muhammadiyah Karangkajen II Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dalam bentuk deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pembina, kepala sekolah, dan peserta didik kelas IV dan V. Objek penelitian ini adalah pembentukan karakter kreatif peserta didik melalui ekstrakurikuler Hizbul Wathan. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan metode. Teknik analisis data berdasarkan teori Miles dan Huberman yaitu data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verification. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan karakter kreatif peserta didik melalui ekstrakurikuler Hizbul Wathan di SD Muhammadiyah Karangkajen II Yogyakarta dilakukan berdasarkan metode kepanduan Hizbul Wathan yaitu: (1) Pemberdayaan anak didik lewat sistem beregu; (2) Kegiatan yang dilakukan di alam terbuka; (3) Pendidikan dengan metode yang menarik, menyenangkan, dan menantang; (4) Penggunaan sistem kenaikan tingkat dan tanda kecakapan; (5) Sistem satuan dan kegiatan terpisah antara pandu putera dan pandu puteri. Karakter kreatif peserta didik yang terbentuk melalui ekstrakurikuler Hizbul Wathan di SD Muhmmadiyah Karangkajen II yaitu hasrat keingintahuan yang cukup besar, bersikap terbuka terhadap pengalaman baru, panjang akal, keingintahuan untuk menemukan, cenderung lebih menyukaiÂ  tugas yang berat dan sulit, cenderung mencari jawaban yang luas dan memuaskan, memiliki dedikasi bergairah serta aktif dalam melaksanakan tugas, berfikir fleksibel, kemampuan membuat analisis dan sintesis, memiliki semangat bertanya serta meneliti, dan memiliki daya abstraksi yang cukup baik.
STRATEGI PENILAIAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KELAS TINGGI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Yantoro Yantoro , Hayati Suci , Rahmad Rahmad
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi guru dalam melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran matematika pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di kelas tinggi sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri 34/I Teratai pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Februari 2021. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Setelah data dikumpulkan, data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penilaian pembelajaran matematika pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ini hanya berfokus kepada penilaian kognitif peserta didik, maka dari itu guru memiliki strategi dalam melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran matematika supaya bisa memberikan gambaran nyata dari kemampuan peserta didik. Strategi yang guru gunakan dalam penilaian pembelajaran matematika yaitu (1) Melakukan penilaian pembelajaran secara tatap muka langsung. (2) Penilaian berdasarkan tugas harian peserta didik. (3) Penilaian berdasarkan kehadiran peserta didik. (4) Merujuk pada nilai rapor semester sebelumnya. Pembelajaran matematika pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ini membuat guru menjadi berjarak dengan peserta didiknya, sehingga guru perlu memiliki strategi penilaian pembelajaran matematika yang dapat membantu guruÂ Â  memberikan penilaian secara utuh yang merupakan gambaran kemampuan peserta didik yang sebenarnya.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi guru dalam melaksanakan penilaian pembelajaran matematika pada masa pandemi saat ini berlangsung efektif dalam mengetahui kemampuan peserta didik yang sebenarnya, mengingat bahwa tugas-tugas yang diberikan guru melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh tidak serta merta dikerjakan oleh peserta didik itu sendiri, namun juga dapat dikerjakan oleh orang lain.
Pengembangan buku pengayaan kemampuan menentukan ide pokok untuk pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kelas 3 sekolah dasar
Authors: Debbie Holy Princess Sinthya , Widiastuti Sripit , Fauzi Adin
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku pengayaan menentukan ide pokok untuk pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas III Sekolah Dasar yang layak digunakan. Prosedur penelitian dan pengembangan ini mengacu pada model Research and Development (R&D) milik Sugiyono. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penilaian validator ahli materi dan bahasa Indonesia memperoleh persentase 88,88% dengan kriteria sangat layak. Hasil penilaian validator ahli bahan ajar memperoleh persentase 81,97% dengan kriteria sangat layak. Pada uji coba keterbacaan oleh siswa memperoleh persentase 100% dengan kategori sangat layak, di dukung dengan uji coba pengerjaan latihan soal, 8 dari 10 siswa memperoleh nilai maksimal 100 yang menunjukkan bahwa buku pengayaan yang dikembangkan dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami materi dan latihan soal. Sedangkan pada uji coba keterbacaan oleh guru memperoleh persentase 90,03% dengan kriteria sangat layak digunakan sebagai buku pendamping buku utama dan dapat memudahkan guru dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran menentukan ide pokok.
The relationship between patient-reported outcomes and preoperative pain characteristics in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Everett Brandon Paul , Sherrill Garrett , Nakonezny Paul A. , Wells Joel E.
Published: April 2022

Aims

This study aims to answer the following questions in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA): are patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) affected by the location of the maximum severity of pain?; are PROMs affected by the presence of non-groin pain?; are PROMs affected by the severity of pain?; and are PROMs affected by the number of pain locations?

Methods

We reviewed 336 hips (305 patients) treated with THA for hip OA from December 2016 to November 2019 using pain location/severity questionnaires, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) score, and radiological analysis. Descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and Spearman partial correlation coefficients were used.

Results

There was a significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between groups experiencing the most severe pain in the groin and the trochanter (p = 0.039). Additionally, more favourable mHHS scores were related to the presence of preoperative pain in trochanter (p = 0.049), lower back (p = 0.056), lateral thigh (p = 0.034), and posterior thigh (p = 0.005). Finally, the maximum severity of preoperative pain and number of pain locations had no significant relationship with PROMs (maximum severity: HHS: p = 0.928, HOS: p = 0.163, iHOT-12 p = 0.233; number of pain locations: HHS: p = 0.211; HOS: p = 0.801; iHOT-12: p = 0.112).

Conclusion

Although there was a significant difference in iHOT-12 scores between patients with the most severe pain in the groin or trochanter, and the presence of pain in the trochanter, lower back, lateral thigh, or posterior thigh was related to higher mHHS scores, the majority of preoperative pain characteristics did not have a significant impact on outcomes. Therefore, a broad array of patients with hip OA might expect similar, favourable outcomes from THA notwithstanding preoperative pain characteristics. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):332–339.