bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing AI and analytics to enhance cybersecurity and privacy for collective intelligence systems
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Rehan , Amin Rashid , Farhan Muhammad , Alotaibi Faiz Abdullah , Alnfiai Mrim M. , Sampedro Gabriel Avelino , Karovič Vincent
Published: September 2024

Collective intelligence systems like Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have emerged. They have brought both promise and peril to cybersecurity and privacy protection. This study introduces novel approaches to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics to enhance security and privacy in this new era. Contributions could explore topics such as: leveraging natural language processing (NLP) in ChatGPT-like systems to strengthen information security; evaluating privacy-enhancing technologies to maximize data utility while minimizing personal data exposure; modeling human behavior and agency to build secure and ethical human-centric systems; applying machine learning to detect threats and vulnerabilities in a data-driven manner; using analytics to preserve privacy in large datasets while enabling value creation; crafting AI techniques that operate in a trustworthy and explainable manner. This article advances the state-of-the-art at the intersection of cybersecurity, privacy, human factors, ethics, and cutting-edge AI, providing impactful solutions to emerging challenges. Our research presents a revolutionary approach to malware detection that leverages deep learning (DL) based methodologies to automatically learn features from raw data. Our approach involves constructing a grayscale image from a malware file and extracting features to minimize its size. This process affords us the ability to discern patterns that might remain hidden from other techniques, enabling us to utilize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn from these grayscale images and a stacking ensemble to classify malware. The goal is to model a highly complex nonlinear function with parameters that can be optimized to achieve superior performance. To test our approach, we ran it on over 6,414 malware variants and 2,050 benign files from the MalImg collection, resulting in an impressive 99.86 percent validation accuracy for malware detection. Furthermore, we conducted a classification experiment on 15 malware families and 13 tests with varying parameters to compare our model to other comparable research. Our model outperformed most of the similar research with detection accuracy ranging from 47.07% to 99.81% and a significant increase in detection performance. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, which unlocks the hidden patterns that underlie complex systems, advancing the frontiers of computational security.
Automated evaluation of multiple sequence alignment methods to handle third generation sequencing errors
Authors: Rohmer Coralie , Touzet Hélène , Limasset Antoine
Published: September 2024

Most third-generation sequencing (TGS) processing tools rely on multiple sequence alignment (MSA) methods to manage sequencing errors. Despite the broad range of MSA approaches available, a limited selection of implementations are commonly used in practice for this type of application, and no comprehensive comparative assessment of existing tools has been undertaken to date. In this context, we have developed an automatic pipeline, named MSA Limit, designed to facilitate the execution and evaluation of diverse MSA methods across a spectrum of conditions representative of TGS reads. MSA Limit offers insights into alignment accuracy, time efficiency, and memory utilization. It serves as a valuable resource for both users and developers, aiding in the assessment of algorithmic performance and assisting users in selecting the most appropriate tool for their specific experimental settings. Through a series of experiments using real and simulated data, we demonstrate the value of such exploration. Our findings reveal that in certain scenarios, popular methods may not consistently exhibit optimal efficiency and that the choice of the most effective method varies depending on factors such as sequencing depth, genome characteristics, and read error patterns. MSA Limit is an open source and freely available tool. All code and data pertaining to it and this manuscript are available at https://gitlab.cristal.univ-lille.fr/crohmer/msa-limit.
Expression of microRNA-155 in thalassemic erythropoiesis
Authors: Penglong Tipparat , Pholngam Nuttanan , Tehyoh Nasra , Tansila Natta , Buncherd Hansuk , Thanapongpichat Supinya , Srinoun Kanitta
Published: September 2024

Background

Ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) is the primary cause of anemia and associated pathologies in β-thalassemia. The characterization of IE is imbalance of erythroid proliferation and differentiation, resulting in increased erythroblast proliferation that fails to differentiate and gives rise to enucleate RBCs. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to play important roles in hematopoiesis. miR-155 is a multifunctional molecule involved in both normal and pathological hematopoiesis, and its upregulation is observed in patients with β-thalassemia/HbE. However, the expression and function of miR-155, especially in β-thalassemia, have not yet been explored.

Methods

To study miR-155 expression in thalassemia, erythroblast subpopulations, CD45-CD71+Ter-119+ and CD45-CD71−Ter-119+ were collected from βIVSII-654 thalassemic bone marrow. Additionally, a two-phase culture of mouse bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells was performed. Expression of miR-155 and predicted mRNA target genes, c-myc, bach-1 and pu-1, were determined by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and normalized to small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) 202 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), respectively. To investigate the effect of miR-155 expression, erythroblasts were transfected with miR-inhibitor and -mimic in order to elevate and eliminate miR-155 expression, respectively. Erythroid cell differentiation was evaluated by Wright–Giemsa staining and flow cytometry.

Results

miR-155 was upregulated, both in vivo and in vitro, during erythropoiesis in β-thalassemic mice. Our study revealed that gain- and loss of function of miR-155 were involved in erythroid proliferation and differentiation, and augmented proliferation and differentiation of thalassemic mouse erythroblasts may be associated with miR-155 upregulation. miR-155 upregulation in β-thalassemic mice significantly increased the percentage of basophilic and polychromatic erythroblasts. Conversely, a significant decrease in percentage of basophilic and polychromatic erythroblasts was observed in β-thalassemic mice transfected with anti-miR-155 inhibitor. We also examined the mRNA targets (c-myc, bach-1 and pu-1) of miR-155, which indicated that c-myc is a valid target gene of miR-155 that regulates erythroid differentiation.

Conclusion

miR-155 regulates IE in β-thalassemia via c-myc expression controlling erythroblast proliferation and differentiation.
Development and validation of a mitotic catastrophe-related genes prognostic model for breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zi Haoyi , Li Mengxuan , Kong Jing , Fan Cong , Bai Yujie , Sun Jianing , Wang Ting
Published: September 2024

Background

Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a way of cell death that plays an important role in the development of tumors. However, the exact relationship between MC-related genes (MCRGs) and the development of breast cancer is still unclear, and further research is needed to elucidate this complexity.

Methods

Transcriptome data and clinical data of breast cancer were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differential expression of MCRGs by comparing tumor tissue with normal tissue. Subsequently, we used COX regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis to construct the prognosis risk model of MCRGs. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of prognostic model. Moreover, the clinical relevance, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune landscape, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and immunotherapy and drug sensitivity analysis between high-risk and low-risk groups were systematically investigated. Finally, we validated the expression levels of genes involved in constructing the prognostic model through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) at the cellular and tissue levels.

Results

We identified 12 prognostic associated MCRGs, four of which were selected to construct prognostic model. The Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that patients in the high-risk group had a shorter overall survival (OS). The Cox regression analysis and ROC analysis indicated that risk model had independent and excellent ability in predicting prognosis of breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, a remarkable difference was observed in clinical relevance, GSEA, immune landscape, TMB, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity analysis. RT-qPCR results showed that genes involved in constructing the prognostic model showed significant abnormal expressions and the expression change trends were consistent with the bioinformatics results.

Conclusions

We established a prognosis risk model based on four MCRGs that had the ability to predict clinical prognosis and immune landscape, proposing potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Pilot development of diagnostic tools for lower limb apophyseal injuries in children and adolescents
Authors: Brooks Joseph , Caserta Antoni , Paterson Kade , Bowles Kelly-Ann , Haines Terry , Williams Cylie
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Lower limb apophyseal injuries commonly occur in children and adolescents with unknown incidence and prevalence. These conditions are considered benign, but impact children and adolescents quality of life and can lead to sport withdrawal at a crucial time. The primary aim of this research was to develop self-administered tools for two of the most common apophyseal injuries. The secondary aim was to test the sensitivity and specificity of the tools.

Methods

Study 1 used a three round online Delphi panel (n = 8), with expert consensus supported by robust literature. This panel developed a self-administered screening tool for calcaneal (Sever’s disease) and tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter’s disease) apophysitis. Study 2 tested the sensitivity and specificity of these developed tools with parents and children (n = 63) with concurrent clinical examination by a health professional. An initial sample size for Study 2 was set at 155 children however this was impacted by COVID-19 and recruitment was halted.

Results

Both tools had excellent diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve of 83% (95% confidence interval = 0.70 to 0.95) for the posterior heel (calcaneal apophysitis) tool and 93% (95% confidence interval = 0.80 to 1.00) for the anterior of knee (tibial tuberosity apophysitis) tool using the pilot data from the 63 children.

Conclusions

These tools may also enhance opportunities for clinicians and health service providers with pre-clinical screening to reduce wait list time and encourage low cost, self-administered management where indicated. These findings may enable large epidemiological studies to identify populations and calculate incidence and prevalence of these conditions using self report.
The nexus between geographical distance and institutional delivery trends in Ethiopia: evidence from nationwide surveys
Authors: Sebsibe Yemisrach Berhanu , Kebede Tayue Tateke
Published: September 2024

Background

Giving birth in a healthcare facility with the guidance of skilled healthcare providers allows access to necessary medical interventions. Ethiopia has implemented several strategies to enhance institutional delivery and decrease maternal mortality; however, the rate of institutional delivery remains low. This study examines the role of distance to healthcare institutions on institutional delivery in Ethiopia, and how this has changed over time.

Method

This study used data from two rounds of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (2011 and 2016), a spatial database detailing the locations of healthcare facilities, and Ethiopian road network data. The sample included 22,881 women who delivered within the 5 years preceding each survey and lived in 1,295 villages. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate how the distance to health facilities and other potential determinants influenced institutional delivery trends.

Results

The rate of institutional deliveries in Ethiopia has increased from 10% in 2011 to 26% in 2016. Likewise, the average transportation distance to health facilities has decreased from 22.4 km in 2011 to 20.2 km in 2016 at the national level. Furthermore, a one-kilometer increase in the distance to the nearest health facility was associated with a 1% decrease in the likelihood of delivering at a health facility in 2016 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% CI [0.98–0.99], p < 0.05). Additionally, mothers who are more educated, have completed more antenatal care visits, live in wealthier households in more urban areas, and cohabit with more educated husbands are more likely to deliver at healthcare facilities. These variables showed consistent relevance in both survey rounds, suggesting that key determinants remained largely unchanged throughout the study period.

Conclusion

The impact of distance from health facilities on institutional delivery in Ethiopia remains evident, although its influence is relatively modest. The other factors, including education, antenatal care, socioeconomic status, urban residence, and partner education, remained consistent between the two surveys. These determinants have consistently influenced institutional delivery, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach that addresses both access to and socioeconomic factors to improve maternal and infant health across the country.
The role of transcriptional and epigenetic modifications in astrogliogenesis
Authors: Ma Shuangping , Wang Lei , Zhang Junhe , Geng Lujing , Yang Junzheng
Published: September 2024

Astrocytes are widely distributed and play a critical role in the central nervous system (CNS) of the human brain. During the development of CNS, astrocytes provide essential nutritional and supportive functions for neural cells and are involved in their metabolism and pathological processes. Despite the numerous studies that have reported on the regulation of astrogliogenesis at the transcriptional and epigenetic levels, there is a paucity of literature that provides a comprehensive summary of the key factors influencing this process. In this review, we analyzed the impact of transcription factors (e.g., NFI, JAK/STAT, BMP, and Ngn2), DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and noncoding RNA on astrocyte behavior and the regulation of astrogliogenesis, hope it enhances our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying astrogliogenesis and offers a theoretical foundation for the treatment of patients with neurological diseases.
Role of Blended Learning in Imparting Early Clinical Exposure in Physiology for First-year Medical Students: An Educational Interventional Study
Authors: Aparna Ammathalli , Singh Praveen R
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Blended learning is a combination of online and face-to-face learning. With the introduction of a competencybased curriculum in India and Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) as a part of it, there is a need for innovative learning methods like the Blended Learning Method (BLM). Aim: To analyse the effectiveness of BLM in implementing ECE compared to the Non BLM or traditional method. Materials and Methods: This educational interventional study was conducted at the National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India from April 2022 to October 2022. The sample population included Phase 1 MBBS students (n=110). Students were randomly assigned to two groups: the BLM group and the Non BLM group, each consisting of 55 students. The BLM group received ECE through a combination of digital and face-to-face methods, while the Non BLM group received traditional face-to-face ECE. Students’ performance was evaluated through standardised assessments. Students’ and faculty perceptions of the BLM method were assessed using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Results: The comparison of pretest scores between both groups was statistically not significant. However, the post-test score comparison was statistically significant (p-value<0.05) for a few ECE sessions (sessions 1 and 3), with better performance observed in the BLM group. The paired t-test between pre and post-test scores was highly significant in both the BLM and Non BLM groups (p-value<0.0001). The student perception of the use of BLM was positive, while faculty perception indicated that they had difficulty using the BLM method to implement ECE. Conclusion: BLM can be an effective tool in the implementation of ECE sessions in physiology. It can enhance the self-directed learning ability of students.
Efficacy of External Oblique Intercostal Plane Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Upper Abdominal Surgeries: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Rajitha A , Kandukuru Krishna Chaithanya , Williams Angela Ishwarya , Deepthi, Griddaluru S , Devaram Vijetha , Aarumulla Shiny Priyadarshini
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Fascial plane blocks play a major role in aiding Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) following upper abdominal wall surgeries. The External Oblique Intercostal (EOIC) plane block is a novel technique that targets the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the thoracoabdominal nerves. Aim: To compare the efficacy of the EOIC plane block with the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block. Materials and Methods: This double-blinded randomised clinical study was conducted at Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, between June 3, 2023, and February 25, 2024, on 100 patients after obtaining ethical committee approval. These patients underwent upper abdominal surgeries, with 50 patients receiving bilateral EOIC block (Group E) and 50 patients receiving bilateral TAP block (Group T) using 0.25% Levobupivacaine and 8 mg Dexamethasone in a total volume of 30 mL on each side. The demographic details studied included age, sex, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, weight and key parameters such as dermatomal distribution, extent of analgesia, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), time for first rescue analgesia, number of rescue analgesic doses and the Bruggemann comfort scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test for categorical data and the unpaired Student’s t-test for numerical data. Results: The demographic data did not differ significantly between the groups. Both groups had comparable average ages (Group E: 66.8 years; Group T: 67.1 years) and similar gender distributions. The distribution of patients across ASA classifications I, II and III, as well as heights and body weights, was also statistically similar and lacked significant differences. Patients who received the EOIC block exhibited greater dermatomal blockade from T4 to T10 in the midclavicular, anterior axillary and midaxillary lines compared to those who received the TAP block. The NRS scores at 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery in Group E were lower than in Group T. The time taken for the first rescue analgesia was 12±4.2 hours in Group E compared to 4.4±3.02 hours in Group T, which was statistically significant. The number of rescue analgesic doses was 1.06±0.84 in Group E, compared to 3.52±1.3 in Group T, which was also significant (p<0.05). The Bruggemann comfort scale was superior in Group E compared to Group T, with statistical significance. Conclusion: The EOIC block is a superior and effective alternative to the TAP block for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic upper abdominal wall surgeries. The extent of analgesia and dermatomal distribution of the EOIC block was greater than that of the TAP block, making the EOIC block more efficacious.
A Descriptive Study on Paediatric Ocular Trauma at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Mandavilli Meher Divyageetha , Mohammad Ahmad Ali , Sativada Lakshmi , Vudayana Dinesh Kanth
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Ocular trauma is one of the leading causes of treatable visual morbidity and blindness. Paediatric ocular injury accounts for 8 to 14% of total injuries in children. Ocular trauma in children differs from that in adults in terms of the objects involved in causing injury, as well as the evaluation and management protocols. Aim: To understand the causes, locations, contributing factors, and patterns of paediatric ocular trauma, along with its shortterm visual outcomes in a tertiary care centre, Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital (GEMS), Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India, over a period of six months, from August 2023 to January 2024. A detailed history regarding the cause of injury and any systemic injuries was recorded. The demographic profiles of all patients were noted in terms of age, sex, location of injury, nature of the object causing injury, time of presentation, and treatment. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed, which included visual acuity assessment, slit lamp examination and fundus examination. All patients were managed according to established treatment protocols. Follow-up appointments were scheduled at one week, three weeks, six weeks, and three months. Results: In the present study, a total of 31 children under the age of 15 years were included. The mean age of presentation was 9.94±3.91 years. Most ocular injuries occurred in the age group of 11-15 years, accounting for 17 (54.83%) of cases. Regarding the location of injury, the most common site was the home, representing 15 (48.38%) of incidents. The object most frequently causing injury was a wooden stick, which constituted 7 (22.58%) of cases. Out of the 31 children, 25 (80.64%) presented with closed globe injuries, while 6 (19.35%) had open globe injuries, indicating that closed globe injuries were more common. The visual acuity was converted to log Minimum Angle of Resolution (MAR) units, with the mean preoperative Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) being 1.0726±0.7038 log MAR units. The mean postoperative BCVA after three months was 0.5720±0.6275 log MAR units. Linear regression analysis conducted between preoperative visual acuity and postoperative BCVA showed an r-value of 0.7681 and a p-value of <0.001, indicating a significant positive correlation. Conclusion: According to the present study, the most common location of injury was found to be the home, suggesting that increased supervision at home could be beneficial. Early identification and intervention will help prevent ocular morbidity in children.
Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Using Short-term Heart Rate Variability: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Roy Ankita , Banerjee Joyashree , Mukhopapadhyay Bulbul , Bhar Debarati
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The thyroid gland and the hypothalamus are closely linked to the cardiovascular system through the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The actions of thyroid hormones target the cardiovascular system, affecting homeostasis, which includes contraction, rhythm, blood flow, and peripheral vascular resistance of the myocardium. To assess the function of the ANS that influences the cardiovascular system, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is an important and increasingly used tool. Aim: To investigate cardiac autonomic changes as assessed by short-term HRV in Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) and to determine whether there is any association between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels and the Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio as well as the Standard Deviation of NN intervals (SDNN). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from November 2022 to October 2023. Both males and females aged 18-55 years with newly diagnosed SCH (cases, n=50) and healthy individuals (controls, n=50) were included in the study. HRV was recorded using a Physiograph Polyrite-D instrument equipped with bioamplifiers, four channels, and accessories {Record Mangement System (RMS) latest software-version 1.2.5}. The study variables included anthropometric parameters, biochemical parameters (TSH), and HRV parameters such as SDNN and the LF/HF ratio. Relevant data were collected using standard statistical methods, including Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, unpaired Student’s t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The present study found a significant increase in the LF/HF ratio in SCH patients (1.28±0.75) compared to controls (0.90±0.32). There was a significantly lower SDNN value among cases (40.63±21.89) compared to controls (79.86±15.36). No significant changes were observed in Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) between cases and controls. The LF/HF ratio and TSH value showed a positive correlation (r=0.09, p=0.57), while SDNN exhibited a negative correlation with TSH value (r=-0.08, p=0.58) among the cases, but neither correlation was statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a significant change in the LF/HF ratio in newly diagnosed SCH patients. Therefore, the evaluation of short-term HRV can be utilised as a routine screening test for improved medical care.
Haemodynamic Impact of Sitting versus Immediately Lying Down Position after Spinal Anaesthesia in Elective Caesarean Section: A Randomised Double-blinded Clinical Study
Authors: Hasnain Shahbaz , Priya Raavi Swapna Lakshmi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is widely preferred over General Anaesthesia (GA) for caesarean sections due to its avoidance of airway complications and its ability to keep patients awake during childbirth. However, a common challenge associated with spinal anaesthesia is hypotension, which is caused by reduced sympathetic tone and aortocaval compression from the gravid uterus. Various methods, such as intravenous (i.v.) fluid preloading and vasopressors, are used to manage hypotension, but it remains a significant concern. Aim: To compare the incidence of hypotension and the optimal duration of the sitting posture after subarachnoid block. Materials and Methods: This randomised double-blind clinical study involved 120 parturients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for caesarean sections, participants were assigned to three groups: S30, S60 (seated for 30 or 60 seconds postinduction), and L (laid down immediately). Haemodynamic parameters were monitored at specified intervals throughout the procedure. Appropriate tests of statistical significance, such as One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Chi-square test, were performed. Results: The demographic and anaesthesia characteristics of the study groups were comparable (p-value>0.05). Heart Rate (HR) was significantly higher in group L compared to groups S30 and S60 at 1, 2, 3, and 5 minutes postspinal anaesthesia (p-value<0.001). Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in group L compared to S30 and S60 at 2, 3, 5, 15, and 20 minutes (p-value<0.05). Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) showed significant differences between groups at 1, 2, 3, 5, 10,15 and 20 minutes (p-value<0.05). Group L took less time to reach the T6 dermatome sensory level (3.8±1.9 min) compared to S30 (4.2±2.3 min) and S60 (5.41±1.7 min) (p-value=0.001). The motor block regression time was significantly shorter in S60 (151.7±20.4 min) and S30 (165.3±25.5 min) compared to L (179.3±19.7 min) (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that allowing patients to sit for 30 or 60 seconds after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean sections reduces the incidence of hypotension and improves haemodynamic stability compared to the immediately lying down position. The time to achieve a T6 sensory block was shorter in the immediately lying down position.
Understanding the Challenges and Stressors Faced by the Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review
Authors: Narula Neelam , Kumar Pawan
Published: September 2024

Perhaps the most traumatic experience for a parent is watching their child suffer in front of their eyes. Parenting, by its very nature, is a stressful activity; however, the stress of caring for an autistic child along with the myriad challenges it brings, can take a toll on parents’ health. To meet the complex demands of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), families can suffer from emotional, financial, and even physical burdens, which in turn leave them with little time for self-care and can lead to mounting sleep deprivation. In this review, we have attempted to understand the various challenges and stresses faced by the parents of a child with ASD. This review specifically focuses on mental health challenges, lack of sufficient time for self-care, problems related to communication, challenges associated with caring for an autistic child, stigmatisation related to mental health disorders, and the financial burdens faced by the parents of autistic children.
Efficacy and Safety of Uterine Artery Embolisation for Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Arkar Rahul , Maheshwari Sagar , Thomas Joel , Zade Kaurabhi
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, accounting for about 25% of maternal deaths. Uterine Artery Embolisation (UAE) has gained recognition as a valuable non surgical treatment option for managing PPH, providing effective haemorrhage control while maintaining fertility. Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety of UAE in the treatment of PPH. Materials and Methods: A thorough investigation was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and the Cochrane Library to locate studies released between 2000 and 2024. The included studies comprised Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), casecontrol studies, and cohort studies that assessed the efficacy of UAE for PPH. The primary outcomes assessed were clinical success rates, technical success rates, and complication rates. Secondary outcomes included fertility preservation, postpartum recovery time, and the impact on future pregnancies. Data analysis was undertaken using Review Manager 5.3, with Mean Differences (MD) and Risk Ratios (RR) calculated for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. Results: Out of 437 identified studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of UAE as a treatment for PPH. These comprised five RCTs with 1,200 participants, four case-control studies with 800 participants, and four cohort studies with 1,000 participants. The RCTs were conducted in North America, Europe, and Asia, involving women who had experienced PPH. Case-control studies compared UAE recipients to those receiving alternative treatments, considering factors like age, severity of PPH, and obstetric history. Cohort studies followed UAE recipients over time to assess long-term outcomes. The pooled technical success rate was 96% (95% CI, 94.0-98.0; I2 =20.0%; p-value=0.143), and the clinical success rate was 92% (95% CI, 88.0-96.0; I2 =35.6%; p-value=0.012). The complication rate was 8% (95% CI, 5.0-11.0; I2 =40.1%; p-value=0.021). These findings indicate a high effectiveness and reliability of UAE for PPH treatment. The diverse study types and participant populations enhance the generalisability of these results, underscoring UAE’s potential to improve outcomes for women experiencing PPH globally. Conclusion: UAE demonstrates high clinical and technical success rates with a relatively low complication rate, establishing it as a safe and effective intervention for PPH. Future studies need to look into lasting outcomes, including fertility preservation and impacts on subsequent pregnancies, to further substantiate UAE’s role in PPH management.
Correlation Studies on Pollen Attributes and Grain Yield under Drought Stress in a Wild Multiparental Population of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: R K Bhavyasree , A John Joel
Published: September 2024

The drought stress at the reproductive stage is causing a drastic reduction in rice yield. This is mainly due to the failure of male gametogenesis or dysfunction of male gametophyte. The wild Oryza species found to have more alleles contributing to drought tolerance and can be integrated to cultivated species. So, in this investigation, the change in pollen parameters with response to drought in the reproductive stage was studied in a wild introgressed multiparental population. The genotypes like WRM 27-48-4, WRM 74-9-4 and WRM 107-21-2 were identified from the population with minimum yield loss also had less reduction in the pollen parameters. The mean reduction in the yield of these genotypes was less than the cultivated Asian parent, which is drought susceptible. The correlation studies revealed that the pollen parameters are significantly and directly contributing to the seed yield under drought conditions. This suggests that the selection based on these characters will help to identify the genotypes which can reduce the yield loss due to reproductive stress.
Fine Management in Engineering Projects under Intelligent Construction
Authors: Ming Chen
Published: September 2024

For many years, the traditional extensive and low information management mode has been adopted in the construction of engineering projects in China. The construction of the construction site has the characteristics of labor intensive, it is difficult to achieve effective control of each operator; In the quality control process of construction process activities, the input of materials is wide and large, and it is difficult to achieve comprehensive control of material factors, such as the quality of sand, stone, brick, etc. is relatively discrete, coupled with materials often enter the market at any time, how to achieve real-time, comprehensive and effective control of materials is also a difficult topic. In addition, the development of the construction industry in our country is depressed at the present stage, so the traditional management mode needs to change. This paper puts forward the research direction of fine management of engineering project construction under the concept of intelligent construction [1]. This review highlights key technologies, such as BIM and RFID, which are essential for implementing fine management in intelligent construction. Under the background of intelligent construction, the paper summarizes the ways to achieve the fine management of engineering projects, so as to be applied to engineering practice.
Growth Performance of G6 Transgenic Mutiara Catfish at Different Stocking Density
Authors: D.Buwono Ibnu , H Titin , M Yuniar , G.F Raqil
Published: September 2024

The optimum fish stocking density effected on fish growth performance as a response to growth and survival. Previous research showed that the G5 transgenic mutiara catfish produced 100% (twice) higher growth than non-transgenic catfish in indoor rearing. Further research on G6 at different stocking densities aims to evaluate the growth performance of transgenic mutiara catfish. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications on the bucket media. The density treatments used: A (40 fish/60 L), B (50 fish/60 L), C (60 fish/60 L) and D (70 fish/60 L) in the budikdamber (fish farming in buckets) system. The results showed that a density of 70 fish/60 L (treatment D) increased the average biomass weight gain (ABWG) by 2,152 g for 56 days of rearing. In addition, the feed utilization efficiency (FCR) in all treatments of G6 transgenic mutiara catfish did not show any significant differences as compensation for the presence of exogenous GH inserts.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arnott Using SSR Markers: Implications for Conservation and Breeding
Authors: P. V. Sindhu , E. Nezam Ali , Sekhar Lekshmi
Published: September 2024

Pseudarthria viscida (L.) Wight & Arnott is an important, high-volume, traded, threatened medicinal plant native to South and Southeast Asia. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers were used to determine the genetic relatedness and diversity of 20 accessions of P. viscida collected from different parts of Kerala. Ten primer pairs used were found to be highly polymorphic, showing 100 percentage polymorphism and an average Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) of 0.986, indicating high genetic variation among the accessions. A total of 126 alleles with an average of 12.6 alleles per locus were detected. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using an unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages grouped the accessions into 4 clusters. The average genetic similarity coefficient of 0.09 indicates relatively high genetic diversity among the accessions. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) showed the presence of genetic diversity. The three principal coordinates explained 29.55% of the total variation. P. viscida populations have become vulnerable in their natural habitat, and immediate conservation measures are required. SSR markers could be used in future research on the genetic diversity of P. viscida.
Weed Growth and Productivity of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) under Different Weed Control Practices
Authors: Barik Chiranjib , KoushikSar  , Padhi Ipsita , Barsha N , Pradhan Avishek
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted during summer season 2022 and 2023 to study the weed growth and productivity of greengram under different herbicidal treatments at agricultural research station, faculty of agricultural sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India to study the effect of different weed control practices on weed growth and productivity of greengram. The experiment conducted under eight treatments viz., pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 at 1 DAS, imazethapyr 75 g ha-1 at 20 DAS, pendimethalin+imazethapyr 0.75 kg ha-1 at 1 DAS, quizalofop ethyl 50 g ha-1 at 20 DAS, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 50 g ha-1 at 20 DAS, acifluorfen Na 16.5%+clodinafoppropargyl 8% 245 g ha-1 at 20 DAS, two hand  weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and weedy check, were replicated thrice in the randomized block design. The findings showed that two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS registered significantly lowest weed density and biomass among the weed control practices and it was at par with pre-emergence application of ready-mix pendimethalin+imazethapyr 0.75 kg ha-1. Weed competition resulted in 58.17% reduction in grain yield of greengram. Two hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS recorded the highest seed and stover yield of greengram along with higher growth attributing characters like plant height, dry matter production and branches plant-1 and it was closely followed by application of ready-mix pendimethalin+imazethapyr at 0.75 kg ha-1 PE.
Inheritance and Segregation Pattern of Genes Xa21, xa5 and xa13 Causing Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Nirala Devarchan , Singh Bharti , Sahu Sant Ram , Sahu Naresh Kumar , Kumar Vikky , Sao Abhinav , Gauraha Deepak
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to investigate the genetic inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice by analyzing the segregation of major resistance genes viz. xa5, xa13, and Xa21 in two specific crosses. BLB, caused by Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a significant threat to rice cultivation worldwide. To manage this, resistant cultivars can be developed through pyramiding multiple resistance genes. This experiment involved 1392 BC2F2 plants derived from crosses R1853-105-1-82-1×Improved Samba Mahsuri and BPT 2411×Improved Samba Mahsuri. Marker Assisted Selection for three BLB genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) was performed at earlier generations and segregation analysis was performed on true breeding plants. Field screening was conducted using clip inoculation method at maximum tillering stage. The result revealed that the population of cross R1853-105-1-82-1×Improved Samba Mahsuri was showed a 7:9 segregation ratio (Resistant: Susceptible) and resistant was governed by two recessive genes (xa5 and xa13) while the population of cross BPT 2411×Improved Samba Mahsuri was found 55:9 (Resistant: Susceptible) segregation ratio and the resistant was governed by one dominant gene (Xa21) and two recessive genes (xa5 and xa13). It verified the existence of all three resistance genes in the population. The produced lines will be used as breeding materials for the development of BLB-resistant cultivars.
Physico-Chemical Analysis and Isolation of Yeasts from Wild Fruits Cola cordifolia in the North of Côte d'Ivoire: Selection of Potential Starters
Authors: SOUMAHORO Souleymame , KOUAME Maimouna L. , YAO Wilfried K. , TOURE Abdoulaye , SORO Yadé R.
Published: September 2024

Aims: Valorization of the wild fruit Cola cordifolia through physico-chemical analysis and yeast isolation
Study Design: Original research.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Laboratory of biochemistry, microbiology and valorization of agro-resources of the Institute of Agropastoral Management at the Peleforo Gon Coulibaly University between January and June 2024.
Methodology: Cola cordifolia fruits were collected from farmers plantations in the town of Korhogo to be investigated. For this purpose, physico-chemical parameters were determined. Microbiological analyses were also carried out. This paper consisted in isolation and identification yeasts from the pulp of Cola cordifolia, testing their fermentative capacity, and then subjecting isolates with a high fermentative capacity to the influence of various parameters such as glucose and ethanol.
Results: Physico-chemical analysis revealed that the fruit had an acid pH (5.74±0.08) with a high moisture content, a vitamin C content of 6.40±1.65 mg/100g and a high brix degree (25±0 °B). In addition, microbiological analyses enabled us to select five (5) isolates with the best growth rates compared with the other isolates tested. Therefore, these isolates could be used as potential starters for biotechnological applications.
Conclusion: Cola cordifolia fruits would be interest in the development of yeasts culture collections useful for controlled fermentations.
Improving the Quality of Operation Notes: Effect of Using Audits and Education Sessions
Authors: Abou-Elseoud Ahmed M. , Gaballah Asmaa Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: September 2024

It is imperative to maintain accurate documentation in an operation note. The General Medical Council fully supports the importance of good note-keeping as a fundamental component of good medical practice. The official explanation of the surgical procedure is provided in the operation notes. Ensure that the notes are legible and comprehensive is the responsibility of the operating surgeon. The clinical significance of operation notes is derived from the critical role that effective communication among healthcare professionals plays in the safe management of the surgical patient. Additionally, the accuracy and legibility of operation notes are essential for medico-legal purposes, as documentation may be necessary in court. Furthermore, a comprehensive operation note is indispensable for the purposes of conducting research and auditing. In compliance with the guidelines published by the Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS Eng) in "Good Surgical Practice," surgeons are obligated to ensure that all medical records are legible, complete, and contemporaneous, and that they contain the patient's accepted identification details. Regular audits, surgeon education, and standardized proformas are essential for the preservation of high standards in operative note documentation, which in turn contribute to improved patient care and safety.
Assessing the Impact of a Standardized Operation Note to Improve the Quality for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Abou-Elseoud Ahmed M. , Gaballah Asmaa Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Operation notes are essential for effectively communicating patient care, resident education, and information to surgeons and serve as a resource tool for research and outcome improvement. Additionally, they offer a mechanism for healthcare reimbursement and an enhancement in the care quality. There is an increasing recognition of the importance of synoptic operative notes that are procedure-specific and templated. The inclusion of archived (and retrievable) video recordings and intraoperative photographs has the potential to improve the reporting of a wide range of medical procedures, not just surgical procedures. Physician and patient concerns regarding privacy, data protection, and potential medico-legal exposure must be addressed as part of change management in surgery. Globally, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most frequently performed operations, with more than 1.1 million procedures performed annually in the United States alone. A transparent description of operative findings and procedures is recommended in order to understand the patient's path to recovery and potential adverse outcomes, which may occur in up to 20% of patients.
The Role of Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Emerging Treatment Strategies
Authors: Ijeokwu Raphael , Goraya Simran , Haq Hassan Muhammed Ul , Okocha Rufus , Goswami Roshan , Adetunji Elijah Oluwasegun Ayoigbala , Nawazuddin Mohammed , Ohwodo Oghenerukevwe Faith , Durrani Shazia Noreen , Taqi Ayesha , Iyanuoluwa Ademilua Oluwatobi , Khan Andeebia Ayub , Fagbenle Olasumbo Elizabeth , Chukwuneke Ogochi Blessing , Batti Patrick , Echere Jovita
Published: September 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is distinguished by repetitive behaviors, trouble in social interaction, and difficulty in communication. Recent research has demonstrated a strong association between gut microbiota and ASD. The purpose of this review is to highlight the relationship between the gut microbiome and autism spectrum disorder and how variations in the gut microbiome lead to severe psychological and autistic symptoms. We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, reviewing experimental and epidemiological studies from the last decade (2013-2023). Google Scholar and PubMed were used for data collection. This review includes a total of 37 studies from the past decade. Our findings revealed that individuals with ASD often had variations in their gut microbiome composition, and these distinct compositions are associated with behavioral symptoms and many gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The connection between the gut and the brain has demonstrated promising potential. These connections help scientists to come up with new interventions and potential treatments. By using microbiota transfer therapy (MTT), probiotics, and manipulating the gut microbiome through exclusive diets, there is a possibility that we can positively impact ASD patients' social and GI problems. In conclusion, further studies are essential to explore specific gut microbiota and their mechanisms linking the gut and brain. Such research could lead to better treatment opportunities and improve the quality of life for people with autism spectrum disorder.