bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’apport de l’approche qualitative dans l’analyse de la responsabilité
contraceptive
Authors: Ngo Mayack Josiane
Published: December 2020

La planification familiale est l’un des thèmes majeurs étudiés en démographie. Les
questions liées à la prise de décision en matière de contraception y sont notamment
examinées. Cet article est une illustration de l’apport d’une approche qualitative dans
l’étude de ces dernières. La problématique centrale est celle de la responsabilité
contraceptive. Les données exploitées proviennent d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés
auprès de femmes dans la ville de Yaoundé au Cameroun. La technique de recueil
d’informations utilisée offre aux enquêtées un cadre d’expression sur le sens qu’elles
donnent à leurs pratiques contraceptives. Elle fournit au chercheur des outils pour élaborer
une grille de lecture non seulement des perceptions des enjeux de la régulation de la
fécondité, mais aussi des logiques sous-tendant la prise de décision relative au recours à
la pilule contraceptive d’urgence.
De la psychanalyse à la psychothérapie psychodynamique à Albert-Prévost
Authors: Blondeau Claude , Reid Wilfrid
Published: December 2020

Objectifs Cet article décrit dans un premier temps les contributions du Dr Camille Laurin au développement des services psychiatriques à Albert-Prévost et plus spécifiquement le rôle qu’il a joué dans la promotion de la psychanalyse comme pensée ordonnatrice des soins thérapeutiques dans ce milieu. Dans un deuxième temps, la pratique de la psychothérapie psychodynamique est abordée à partir des enjeux contemporains liés à la médecine basée sur les données probantes, les neurosciences et le développement des technologies de la communication. Les modalités actuelles d’enseignement de l’approche psychodynamique à Albert-Prévost sont également introduites.

Méthode Dans la première partie, une recherche biographique a été effectuée. Dans la seconde, une revue de la littérature a été présentée.

Résultats Dr Camille Laurin a joué un rôle de premier plan dans le développement de la pensée psychanalytique à Albert-Prévost. Son héritage demeure bien vivant ainsi qu’en témoignent les divers stages et activités de formation offerts dans ce domaine au Centre de psychothérapie de cette institution. L’efficacité de la psychothérapie dynamique comme méthode de traitement est confirmée depuis maintenant plusieurs années. Les neurosciences et la psychanalyse bénéficient d’une ouverture à un dialogue interdisciplinaire. Le développement des technologies de la communication et de l’intelligence artificielle est appelé à modifier éventuellement la pratique de la psychothérapie.

Conclusion Les principes théoriques associés à la psychanalyse sont encore aujourd’hui enseignés à tous les résidents en psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal. Dr Camille Laurin a joué un rôle essentiel dans le développement de cette approche à Albert-Prévost et plus généralement au Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal.
La thérapie cognitivo-comportementale dans les cliniques spécialisées du Pavillon Albert-Prévost dans les 50 dernières années : innovations et évolution
Authors: Ngô Thanh-Lan , Chaloult Louis , Fortier Pierre , Monday Jacques , Jomphe Julie , Turcotte Julie , Bouthillier Donald , Bérubé France
Published: December 2020

Le Pavillon Albert-Prévost (PAP) a joué un rôle de premier plan dans le développement d’une psychiatrie moderne. Cette institution de soins et d’enseignement en santé mentale a été profondément marquée par la pensée freudienne et a longtemps été considérée comme un lieu phare de l’enseignement de la psychanalyse en milieu hospitalier au Québec. Mais le PAP a aussi su intégrer au fil des ans d’autres approches thérapeutiques, basées sur les données probantes. Si l’arrivée de cliniciens novateurs dans les années 1980, a permis la sensibilisation du milieu à d’autres approches thérapeutiques, la transformation du dispositif de soins en cliniques spécialisées, en 1994, marque un point décisif dans le développement de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale, mais surtout dans son intégration dans le traitement quotidien de patients souffrant de problématiques diverses et dans son enseignement à des générations de cliniciens.
L’evidence-based medicine, un projet épistémologique et éthique en porte-à-faux avec la psychiatrie ?
Authors: Thibault Alexis
Published: December 2020

Le discours psychiatrique contemporain dominant repose principalement sur un paradigme médico-technologique où la souffrance mentale est conceptualisée comme un « mécanisme défectueux » qui nécessite une « réparation » grâce à l’arsenal médical. Dans ce contexte, l’evidence-based medicine(EBM) a donc été largement adopté par la psychiatrie à la fin des années 90. L’EBM est une proposition qui vise à influencer et même légiférer la prise de décisions cliniques en mettant de l’avant l’idée d’une hiérarchie des évidences, où le savoir tiré d’essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) et de méta-analyses a préséance sur les informations tirées d’autres sources. Ainsi, comme l’EBM favorise ces outils de création de savoir (ECRs et méta-analyses) il en découle que le savoir qui compte véritablement dans le paradigme EBM est celui qui est mesurable et spécifique ; deux conditions préalables nécessaires pour l’utilisation même de ces outils. En conséquence, l’EBM diminue la valeur et va même jusqu’à ignorer d’autres formes d’évidences, de savoir et de justifications pour la prise de décisions cliniques. Du point de vue éthique, le concept EBM soutient que la « bonne chose à faire » est d’appliquer le savoir produit par l’EBM dans le contexte clinique. Les autres formes de savoir pouvant être impliquées dans la prise de décisions cliniques, mais qui ne peuvent pas être étudiées via l’EBM, sont dévalorisées d’un point de vue éthique. La littérature révisée et explorée ici considère donc que l’EBM est mal adapté à la réalité de la pratique psychiatrique. L’EBM ne peut pas, par définition, prendre en compte les spécificités de la discipline, notamment pour ce qui est des diagnostics psychiatriques ; leur complexité rend les évidences produites par l’EBM d’une validité questionnable. Le concept ne peut pas non plus tenir compte des spécificités des thérapeutiques psychiatriques. Les facteurs thérapeutiques non spécifiques, ceux discrédités par l’EBM, sont cruciaux pour les soins de santé mentale. Également, les observations portant sur des aspects de l’esprit, sur des expériences subjectives, ne sont que bien incorrectement traduites en résultats statistiques, mesurables et spécifiques. Ces observations amènent le présent essai à considérer qu’il serait peut-être préférable pour la psychiatrie, de rejeter la « hiérarchie des évidences » de l’EBM, et de développer son propre « système des savoirs ». Celui-ci devrait prendre en compte la position épistémologique unique de la psychiatrie, où subjectivité, contextes, et valeurs pourraient occuper de façon légitime la place qui leur revient dans la prise de décisions cliniques en psychiatrie. Bien qu’une alternative à l’EBM en psychiatrie n’ait pas encore été établie, la littérature, et ce papier pointent vers l’idée d’un « système des savoirs » plus flexible que ce qu’offre l’EBM en termes épistémologiques, où les aspects éthiques reliés à la discipline, incluant l’éthique du savoir, l’éthique de « ce qui compte comme évidence », revêtent une importance cruciale.
Traduire dans un monde de signes non traduits : l’incidence de la multimodalité en traductologie*
Authors: Ramos Pinto Sara , Adami Elisabetta
Published: December 2020

Depuis peu, la traductologie, qui s’intéresse traditionnellement au verbal, s’est tournée vers les études sur la multimodalité, afin d’y emprunter les méthodologies et les cadres d’analyse propres à poser les bases de la recherche sur la traduction des textes multimodaux, tels que les films, les sites Internet ou les bandes dessinées. Les outils d’analyse ainsi que les concepts développés dans le champ de la multimodalité ont été importés en traductologie, avec toutefois peu de réflexion approfondie sur les principes sur lesquels sont fondés ces instruments ou sur la signification pour la traductologie de l’adoption de ces principes. En conséquence, les discussions théoriques en traduction restent avant tout concentrées sur le verbal, toutes les autres ressources sémiotiques étant réduites à un rôle contextualisant. Le présent article comble une lacune en entreprenant d’étudier ce qu’implique la multimodalité pour la traductologie. Les concepts clés d’une perspective sociosémiotique sur la communication multimodale sont réexaminés pour proposer une redéfinition de texte, de co-texte et de contexte, et pour introduire la notion de connaissance sémiotique, indispensable à l’interprétation du sens à tous les niveaux. S’ensuivent alors une discussion sur les conséquences de cette nouvelle perspective en traductologie ainsi qu’une révision de quelques-uns des concepts de base de ce domaine, à l’origine de plusieurs questions méritant, selon nous, d’être au centre de la discipline. Notre conclusion offre l’ébauche d’une nouvelle approche théorique et méthodologique intégrée.
Volunteer translators as ‘committed individuals’ or ‘providers of free labor’? The discursive construction of ‘volunteer translators’ in a commercial online learning platform translation controversy
Authors: Kang Ji-Hae , Hong Jung-Wook
Published: December 2020

This study explores the ways in which volunteer translation in a commercial context is discursively constructed. It focuses on volunteer translation at Coursera, one of the world’s largest MOOC providers, and its volunteer translator community, launched in 2014 to offer online learning in multiple languages. This move to mobilize volunteer translators by Coursera, a for-profit company, became controversial as different parties voiced distinct opinions regarding a commercial company’s recruitment of volunteer translators. Using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework and drawing on the notion of digital labor, this paper argues that volunteer translation is described by Coursera mostly in terms of a mission and a learner-initiated and community-building activity. This contrasts with the view of many social critics who tend to emphasize profit-making strategies, labor exploitation, and the degradation of the translation profession in their discursive construction of volunteer translation. This study shows that Coursera’s foregrounding of a moral rationale and of philanthropic and non-profit discourses blurs the boundary between for-profit and non-profit contexts and does the ideological work of naturalizing translation without financial compensation in the context of a commercial company.
Taking mediated stance via news headline transediting: a case study of the China-U.S. trade conflict in 2018
Authors: Qin Binjian , Zhang Meifang
Published: December 2020

This article studies mediated stance in the transedited news headlines on the 2018 China-U.S. trade conflict. It draws on Appraisal theory developed by Martin and White (2005) to examine the transeditor’s stance via an analysis of 66 English news headlines and 50 Chinese headlines. The English texts were collected from the American mainstream media, while the Chinese texts were chosen from China’s major presses. The result of the analysis shows that when news headlines are transedited from English to Chinese, stance mediation normally sounds negative towards the U.S. and positive towards China. The investigations also found that the selected Chinese presses predominantly showed heteroglossic patterns in the mediated stance they took while the English media tended to use monoglossic ones. It is argued that possible reasons for such stance deviation may include ideological tendencies of the media, different readerships and their expectations of the American and Chinese media, and the different socio-cultural beliefs between the two countries.
A corpus-assisted SFL approach to individuation in the European Parliament: the case of Sánchez Presedo’s original and translated repertoires*
Authors: Calzada-Pérez María
Published: December 2020

The present paper proposes a synergic approach between systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and corpus linguistics (CL) in order to explore (original and translated) individuation (and its associated concepts of realisation and instantiation). After a brief introduction (Section 1) and presentation of SFL-related notions (Section 2), the paper discusses the methodological path that is followed in describing the representation of one case of individuation in the European Parliament, that of Spanish Social-Democrat Sánchez Presedo (Section 3). In a largely qualitative use of CL, the paper examines the profile of the speaker’s individuation, stemming from his published/instantiated original interventions in EP proceedings (Section 4). It then identifies the similarities and differences between this published profile and its translated re-instantiation (Section 5), ultimately drawing conclusions after an analytical venture (Section 6).
Shifts of agency in translation: a case study of the Chinese translation of Wild Swans
Authors: Li Long
Published: December 2020

This paper calls for a reconsideration of transitivity as a useful analytical tool in descriptive translation studies, especially for the investigation of the translation of agency. Transitivity is the ensemble of lexico-grammatical resources that “represent reality in language” (Eggins 2001/2005: 206). Such choices in translation have been usefully explored by a number of translation scholars with a strong orientation towards Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), although there has not been much recent scholarly interest within the wider community of translation studies (TS), perhaps due to the perceived complexity of SFL’s analytical framework. This paper returns to transitivity analysis for its continued relevance to TS, especially for those interested in uncovering the way agency, ideology, characterization and narrative are manifested in text. This paper incorporates new linguistic methodologies of analysing transitivity in combination with additional linguistic systems of voice, theme, and modality because this combination allows for a more holistic view of transitivity. Focusing on the translation of Mao’s agency at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in Chang’s politically volatile autobiography,Wild Swans, it has found dramatic shifts in the characterization of Mao in the Chinese translation by Pu Zhang, published in Taiwan, which alters the overall narrative. This paper proposes a categorization of equivalences and shifts of linguistic agency based on a text-based analysis, thus contributing to a more systematic categorisation of the translation of agency.
La formación de futuros docentes de música en las universidades de Castilla y León: creatividad, ciudadanía y aprendizaje permanente como claves del cambio educativo
Authors: Blanco García Yurima , Peñalba Acitores Alicia
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza la formación musical de los futuros docentes de música de las enseñanzas obligatorias en las universidades de Castilla y León. Forma parte de un proyecto I+D EDU2017-84782 (Profmus) que investiga sobre la formación del profesorado y su impacto en la actual política educativa. Se examinan 8 planes de estudio (5 de Grado y 3 de Máster) y un total de 70 asignaturas: 45 del Grado de Maestro/a (Mención en Educación Musical), y 25 del Máster de Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. Se analizan los contenidos de las memorias de verificación, guías docentes y legislación de la educación obligatoria a través de codificación abierta. Se encuentran ocho categorías de intersección entre los planes universitarios y el currículo de Primaria y Secundaria, en dos dimensiones: contenidos musicales (escucha; interpretación musical; danza y movimiento; contextos musicales y culturales; música y tecnologías) y contenidos transversales (expresión oral y escrita; emprendimiento y creatividad; ciudadanía y diversidad). Los resultados muestran que por lo general los planes de estudio se adecúan a las necesidades formativas de los futuros docentes, aunque se requiere orientar la formación hacia la creatividad, ciudadanía y aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.
Carl Posy y Ofra Rechter (Eds.): Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020
Authors: Martínez Luciana
Published: December 2020

Reseña: Carl Posy; Ofra Rechter (Eds.): Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 322 pp. ISBN: 9781107337596
Creación de Cuadernos Kantianos
Authors: . Equipo Editorial
Published: December 2020

Creación de Cuadernos Kantianos
P. P. Shafirov on goal-setting of public administration (the concept of “value” in the text of “Dedication”, 1716)
Authors: Solovev Konstantin Anatol'evich
Published: December 2020

“Dedication” by P. P. Shafirov is one of the few texts of the early XVIII century that reflects goal-setting of public administration through the concept of “value”. The object of this article is the establishment of Russian administrative thought in the early XVII century. The subject of this article is the process of development of the concept of “value” as fundamental in substantiation of the goal of public administration. The author attempts to reveal the content of this concept in the text of “Dedication” in juxtaposition to the texts of Western European philosophers of the XVII century who rely on the concepts of “value” and “common good”, and to the similar in tasks texts of Russian authors – P. P. Shafirov and his contemporaries. The main conclusion consists in determination of fundamental difference between the Russian and the European concept of “value”. It implies that in Russia, the concept of “value” is primarily attributed to the state, while in Europe the basic concept was the “common good”. Shafirov deemed it possible to interpret the “state value” not only as creation of the conditions for expansion superiority and strength of the state, but also as the “value to its nationals”. It opened the door for transformation of “state value” into the “common”. Such transformation was not complete, which resulted in parallel existence of the two concepts: “value of state” and “common value”
Exploration of the European North of Russia by the Geological Committee during the 1882-1918
Authors: Filippova Tatiana Petrovna
Published: December 2020

The object of this research is the history of scientific development of the European North of Russia in the late XIX – early XX century. The subject of this research is the historical role of the Geological Committee in exploration of this territory. The chronological framework covers the period from 1882 to 1918, since the establishment of scientific institution until its reorganization as a result of revolutionary events of 1917. Based on the archival and published sources, the author analyzes expedition activity of the Geological Committee in Northern Ural, Timman, Novaya Zemlya, and the Kola Peninsula in the late XIX – early XX centuries, the results of which became the first systematic integrated explorations on regional geology of the European North of Russia. The indicated problematic has not previously become the subject of separate research. It is proven that research of the European North of Russia was one of the priority vectors of the Geological Committee at the time. The following expedition results are highlighted:  a substantial territory of the European North of Russia is explored; thorough geological surveying is conducted; extensive paleontological collection is amassed; mineral deposits are discovered that gave science conceptually new data on geological development of this region. Research conducted by the Geological Committee demonstrated the resource potential of northern territories and raised the question on the need for their inclusion into economic development of the country, which became an important factor for further development of the European North of Russia.
Anti-corruption remedies within the system of corruption prevention in the sphere of state (municipal) procurement
Authors: Volkova Margarita Andreevna
Published: December 2020

  The subject of this research is the norms of international and Russian legislation on the state (municipal) procurement, countering corruption, as well as scientific works dedicated to corruption prevention and anti-corruption remedies. The goal consists on examination of fundamentals of application of anti-corruption measures in the sphere of state (municipal) procurement. Analysis is conducted on the existing within scientific literature approaches towards development of anti-corruption remedies, as well as on theoretical grounds of criminological theory of security measures. Characteristics is given to anti-corruption measures in the sphere of state (municipal) procurement. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the characteristics of anti-corruption measures in the sphere of state (municipal) procurement, which have not previously been the subject of research. The author analyzes the theoretical framework for application of security measures overall and anti-corruption measures in particular; as well as the goals, content, subjects and classifications of anti-corruption measures in the sphere of state (municipal) procurement. Examples of such measures established in current anti-corruption legislation with regards to state (municipal) procurement are provided. The conclusion is formulates that anti-corruption measures within the system of corruption prevention in the indicated sphere require further research. Therefore, it seems reasonable to advance criminological theory of security measures and anti-corruption remedies. Moreover, systematization of knowledge on such measures is essential for future improvement of lawmaking and law enforcement activities in the sphere of state (municipal) procurement.  
Borderline states of economy of the territory: “fine edge” or “void” in between security and danger
Authors: Samoilova Liudmila Konstantinovna
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of provisions of economic science, this article characterizes the state of national economy from the perspective of protectability from negative activities of various origin. In most works the emphasis is placed on its diametrically opposite states – secure and dangerous; but there are also borderline states of conditionally secure and pseudo-secure, which do not receive due attention in the scientific publications. In this regard, the goal is to eliminate the terminological gap that exists in economic science, substantiated by the absence of approaches towards demarcation of these states, by decomposing the definition of “economic pseudo-security”. The result of the conducted research consists in explication of the term “economic pseudo-security” based on specification of attributive features as pseudo-dynamism, pseudo-sustainability, and pseudo-protectability. The inner content of each of the aforementioned criteria is described through their distinctive features. These acquired results are aimed at broadening of theoretical provisions of economic science and systematization of knowledge on the economic security. Usage of separate parameters of pseudo-security would allow the subject of protection, i. e. the state, promptly responding to alternation of the course of socioeconomic processes on macro- and micro-levels in order to prevent the development of borderline states of national economy and their possible later transition into the dangerous.  
Adverse treatment outcomes in multidrug resistant tuberculosis go beyond the microbe-drug interaction: Results of a multiple correspondence analysis.
Authors: Tobón Ángela , Rueda Johana , Cáceres Diego H. , Mejía Gloria I. , Zapata Elsa M. , Montes Fernando , Ospina Antonio , Fadul Santiago , Paniagua Lizeth , Robledo Jaime
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment is effective in 50% of patients due to several factors including antibiotic susceptibility of the microorganism, adverse treatment reactions, social factors, and associated comorbidities.Objectives: In this study, we describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in Medellín, Colombia.Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from patients diagnosed with MDR-TB attending Hospital La María in Medellín, Colombia, for treatment between 2010 and 2015. Patients were categorized as having successful (cured) or poor (failure, lost to follow-up, and death) treatment outcomes. Associations between demographic, clinical factors, laboratory results, treatment outcomes, and follow-up information were evaluated by univariate, multivariate, and multiple correspondence analyses.Results: Of the 128 patients with MDR-TB, 77 (60%) had successful outcomes. Of those with poor outcomes, 26 were lost to follow-up, 15 died, and 10 were treatment failures. Irregular treatment, the presence of comorbidities, and positive cultures after more than two months of treatment were associated with poor outcomes compared to successful ones (p<0.05 for all). The multiple correspondence analyses grouped patients who were lost to follow-up, had HIV, and drug addiction, as well as patients with treatment failure, irregular treatment, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Conclusion: The recognition of factors affecting treatment is essential and was associated with treatment outcomes in this series of patients. Early identification of these factors should increase the rates of treatment success and contribute to MDR-TB control.
Cobertura y fidelidad de la prueba Xpert MTB/RIF™ en un área de alta carga de tuberculosis pulmonar en Colombia
Authors: Agredo Freddy , Osorio Lyda
Published: December 2020

Introducción. La prueba Xpert MTB/RIF™ es una prueba molecular rápida para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis y la resistencia a la rifampicina. Desde el 2010 es la recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y, aunque fue introducida en Colombia en el 2012, se desconocen los resultados de su uso.Objetivo. Describir la cobertura y la fidelidad en el uso de la prueba Xpert MTB/RIF™ en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en una ciudad con alta carga de la enfermedad en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de casos del programa de tuberculosis en Cali entre el 2013 y el 2019. La cobertura se estimó como el total de pruebas empleadas en los casos registrados en el programa. La fidelidad se midió con base en los protocolos internacionales de uso de la Xpert MTB/RIF™. Además, se hizo un análisis de correspondencias múltiples entre la prueba y las variables sociodemográficas.Resultados. Se incluyeron 6.328 pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar, de los cuales 181 eran resistentes a los fármacos. La cobertura total de la Xpert MTB/RIF™ durante el periodo de estudio fue de 10,3 % (n=655), con una variación anual entre 0,2 y 23 %. La fidelidad fue de 46,8 % para los grupos de mayor riesgo de tuberculosis multirresistente (TB-MDR). El uso de la prueba se relacionó con la condición de ser hombre, afrocolombiano, y tener entre 41 y 60 años de edad.Conclusiones. La cobertura de la prueba Xpert MTB/RIF™ en Cali es baja y su uso no responde a la priorización recomendada para su implementación. Se requieren estrategias para promover su uso adecuado, de manera que contribuya a la meta de poner fin a la tuberculosis.
Design of Remote Network Audio and Video Communication System
Authors: Lin Chen , Wang Tianbao , Yang Chenxi
Published: December 2020

With the continuous development of information technology, real-time audio and video communication is becoming more and more important in people's daily life. At present, there are a lot of software with audio and video communication function in the market, such as Tencent QQ software, wechat, nailing, etc. these software are developed with C / S architecture, and can not achieve cross platform and cross terminal. Users need to download the software to carry out audio and video communication. In view of this, this paper uses webrtc technology based on ice framework to realize the design of remote audio and video communication system, completes the internal network penetration, establishes the communication process between clients, designs room server and signaling server for conversation, and completes the design of remote network audio and video communication system.
Attitudes and behaviors of chiropractic interns toward occupational history taking
Authors: Madigan Dana , Quinlan-Ruof Erin , Cambron Jerrilyn A , Forst Linda , Zanoni Joseph , Conroy Lorraine M , Patil Crystal L , Friedman Lee S
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study uses a pre- and post-training program evaluation of chiropractic interns to (1) describe changes in their frequency of occupational history taking before and after a 1-hour training and (2) to document the attitudes and beliefs regarding occupational health and history taking.

Methods

All chiropractic interns at 1 clinic location completed questionnaires assessing their attitudes and perceptions regarding documenting the occupational history of their patients each trimester they were enrolled in the study. Each intern enrolled in the study for 2 or more trimesters participated in a 1-hour-long training session on taking an occupational history. The supervising clinician independently evaluated charting behaviors of interns for the duration of the study.

Results

The supervising clinician assessed 20 interns' level of documenting occupational history for 202 new patient or reexamination visits. A majority of interns (85% at baseline) were interested in occupational health, and 80% believed that occupational history taking was “very important.” Intern charting behaviors increased after training related to documentation of past occupation (62.9% from 32.4%) and relating the chief complaint to work (59.7% from 30.0%). Detailed occupational history taking remained low throughout the study but demonstrated a doubling in documentation after training (16.1% from 8.6%).

Conclusion

Chiropractic interns and clinicians should be adequately trained in occupational health history documentation practices as they are likely to care for work-related injuries. Short training modules appear to be effective in demonstrating small changes in documentation related to occupational history taking.
Interaction of transcription factor AP‐2 gamma with proto‐oncogene PELP1 promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing RET signaling
Authors: Liu Junhao , Liu Zexuan , Li Mengxing , Tang Weiwei , Pratap Uday P. , Luo Yiliao , Altwegg Kristin A. , Li Xiaonan , Zou Yi , Zhu Hong , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Vadlamudi Ratna K.
Published: December 2020

A significant proportion of estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) initially responds to endocrine therapy but eventually evolves into therapy‐resistant BC. Transcription factor AP‐2 gamma (TFAP2C) is a known regulator of ER activity, and high expression of TFAP2C is associated with a decreased response to endocrine therapies. PELP1 is a nuclear receptor coregulator, commonly overexpressed in BC, and its levels are correlated with poorer survival. In this study, we identified PELP1 as a novel interacting protein of TFAP2C. RNA‐seq analysis of PELP1 knockdown BC cells followed by transcription factor motif prediction pointed to TFAP2C being enriched in PELP1‐regulated genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the TFAP2C‐PELP1 axis induced a subset of common genes. Reporter gene assays confirmed PELP1 functions as a coactivator of TFAP2C. Mechanistic studies showed that PELP1‐mediated changes in histone methylation contributed to increased expression of the TFAP2C target gene RET. Furthermore, the TFAP2C‐PELP1 axis promoted the activation of the RET signaling pathway, which contributed to downstream activation of AKT and ERK pathways in ER+ BC cells. Concomitantly, knockdown of PELP1 attenuated these effects mediated by TFAP2C. Overexpression of TFAP2C contributed to increased cell proliferation and therapy resistance in ER+ BC models, while knockdown of PELP1 mitigated these effects. Utilizing ZR75‐TFAP2C xenografts with or without PELP1 knockdown, we provided genetic evidence that endogenous PELP1 is essential for TFAP2C‐driven BC progression in vivo. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that PELP1 plays a critical role in TFAP2C transcriptional and tumorigenic functions in BC and blocking the PELP1‐TFAP2C axis could have utility for treating therapy resistance.
Retrospective four‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of liver: Method development
Authors: Kavaluus Henna , Seppälä Tiina , Koivula Lauri , Salli Eero , Collan Juhani , Saarilahti Kauko , Tenhunen Mikko
Published: December 2020

Purpose of our research was to develop a four‐dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method of liver. Requirements of the method were to create a clinical procedure with acceptable imaging time and sufficient temporal and spatial accuracy. The method should produce useful planning image sets for stereotactic body radiation therapy delivery both during breath‐hold and in free breathing. The purpose of the method was to improve the localization of liver metastasis. The method was validated with phantom tests. Imaging parameters were optimized to create a 4D dataset compressed to one respiratory cycle of the whole liver with clinically reasonable level of image contrast and artifacts. Five healthy volunteers were imaged with T2‐weighted SSFSE research sequence. The respiratory surrogate signal was observed by the linear navigator interleaved with the anatomical liver images. The navigator was set on head‐feet — direction on the superior surface of the liver to detect the edge of diaphragm. The navigator signal and 2D liver image data were retrospectively processed with a self‐developed MATLAB algorithm. A deformable phantom for 4D imaging tests was constructed by combining deformable tissue‐equivalent material and a commercial programmable motor unit of the 4D phantom with a clinically relevant range of deformation patterns. 4D Computed Tomography images were used as reference to validate the MRI protocol. The best compromise of reasonable accuracy and imaging time was found with 2D T2‐weighted SSFSE imaging sequence using parameters: TR = 500–550 ms, images/slices = 20, slice thickness = 3 mm. Then, image processing with number of respiratory phases = 8 constructed accurate 4D images of liver. We have developed the 4D‐MRI method visualizing liver motions three‐dimensionally in one representative respiratory cycle. From phantom tests it was found that the spatial agreement to 4D‐CT is within 2 mm that is considered sufficient for clinical applications.
Superior Mechanical and Magnetic Performance of Highly Anisotropic Sendust‐Flake Composites Freeze Cast in a Uniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Yin Kaiyang , Reese Bradley A. , Sullivan Charles R. , Wegst Ulrike G. K.
Published: December 2020

Despite extensive research, the manufacture in the bulk of high‐performance flake‐based magnetic composites with a highly aligned, nacre‐like structure remains challenging. Many challenges can be overcome by freeze casting in an externally applied, uniform magnetic field, which causes both the flakes and the composite walls of the cellular solid to align parallel to the B‐field lines. When appropriately sized, the flakes experience a second alignment parallel to the freezing direction because of a shear flow that occurs due to both the volumetric expansion of the ice phase and mold contraction during the directional solidification. The resulting orthotropic structure of the freeze‐cast magnetic composite is reflected in orthotropic mechanical and magnetic properties of the material. The magnetic composites manufactured by magnetic‐field assisted freeze casting outperform by a factor of 2–4 in terms of stiffness, strength, and toughness materials that are processed in the absence of a magnetic field and do not exhibit a monodomain architecture. Because of the highly aligned microstructure, it is possible to compact the initially lamellar composite with 90% porosity to at least 80% strain. The results presented in this study illustrate the tremendous potential for magnetic freeze casting of magnetic composites for use in power conversion.
Self‐Templated Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanorods Embedded with Atomic Fe‐N4 Active Sites as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Gong Xiaofei , Zhu Jianbing , Li Jiazhan , Gao Rui , Zhou Qingyan , Zhang Zhen , Dou Haozhen , Zhao Lei , Sui Xulei , Cai Jiajun , Zhang Yunlong , Liu Bing , Hu Yongfeng , Yu Aiping , Sun Shu‐hui , Wang Zhenbo , Chen Zhongwei
Published: December 2020

Iron‐nitrogen‐carbon materials are being intensively studied as the most promising substitutes for Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A rational design of the morphology and porous structure can promote the accessibility of the active site and the reactants/products transportation, accelerating the reaction kinetics. Herein, 1D porous iron/nitrogen‐doped carbon nanorods (Fe/N‐CNRs) with a hierarchically micro/mesoporous structure are prepared by pyrolyzing the in situ polymerized pyrrole on the surface of Fe‐MIL‐88B‐derived 1D Fe2O3 nanorods (MIL: Material Institut Lavoisier). The Fe2O3 nanorods not only partially dissolve to generate Fe3+ for initiating polymerization but serve as templates to form the 1D structure during polymerization. Furthermore, the pyrrole coated Fe2O3 nanorod architecture prevents the porous structure from collapsing and protects Fe from aggregation to yield atomic Fe‐N4 moieties during carbonization. The obtained Fe/N‐CNRs display exceptional ORR activities (E1/2 = 0.90 V) and satisfactory long‐term durabilities, exceeding those for Pt/C. Furthermore, the unprecedented Fe/N‐CNRs catalytic performance is demonstrated with Zn‐air batteries, including a superior maximum power density (181.8 mW cm−2), specific capacity (998.67 W h kg−1), and long‐term durability over 100 h. The prominent performance stems from the unique 1D structure, hierarchical pore system, high surface area, and homogeneously dispersed single‐atom Fe‐N4 moieties.
Semidiscrete Vortex Solitons
Authors: Xu Xiaoxi , Ou Guanghao , Chen Zhaopin , Liu Bin , Chen Weicheng , Malomed Boris A. , Li Yongyao
Published: December 2020

A possibility of creation of stable optical solitons combining one continuous and one discrete coordinates, with embedded vorticity, in an array of planar waveguides with intrinsic cubic–quintic (CQ) nonlinearity is demonstrated. The same system may be realized in terms of the spatiotemporal light propagation in an array of tunnel‐coupled optical fibers with the CQ nonlinearity. In contrast with zero‐vorticity states, semidiscrete vortex solitons do not exist without the quintic term in the nonlinearity. Two types of the solitons, viz., intersite‐centered (IC) and onsite‐centered (OC) ones, with even and odd numbers N of actually excited sites in the discrete direction, are identified. The modes carrying the embedded vorticity and 2 are considered. In accordance with their symmetry, the vortex solitons of the OC type exhibit an intrinsic core, whereas the IC solitons with small N may have a coreless structure. Facilitating their creation in the experiment, the modes reported in the present work may be much more compact states than their counterparts considered in other systems, and they feature strong anisotropy. They can be set in motion in the discrete direction, provided that the coupling constant exceeds a certain minimum value. Collisions between moving vortex solitons are also considered.
Enhancing Performance of GaAs Photodiodes via Monolithic Integration of Self‐Formed Graphene Quantum Dots and Antireflection Surface Texturing
Authors: Namiki Shunya , Huang Hsien-Chih , Soares Julio , Wu Xihang , Kim Jeong Dong , Jiang Bill , Srikumar Vaanchit , Li Xiuling
Published: December 2020

III–V semiconductor‐based photodiodes with graphene incorporated have been studied in recent years due to the attractive optoelectronic properties of graphene, including optical transparency and enhanced photoresponsivity. The photoresponsivity can be further improved by converting the semiconductor surface into a 3D antireflection (AR) structure. However, difficulties in transferring graphene on top of structured surfaces degrade the interfacial quality and limit their photoresponsivity. Herein, a high‐performance GaAs photodiode structure with self‐embedded graphene quantum dot (GQD) and simultaneously formed periodic AR 3D surface texturing is reported, all produced by a one‐step wet etching process in a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) using graphene as a transparent mask. Compared with the planar counterpart without graphene, the photodiodes demonstrated here show an enhancement of photocurrent by 22 times, photoresponsivity by 25 times, and normalized photocurrent to dark current ratio by approximately two orders of magnitude. The improved photoresponsivity of 9.31 mA W−1 is attributed to the increased absorption from AR texturing and the enhanced heterointerface carrier transfer from GQDs to GaAs. This simple, clean yet effective method enables the monolithic incorporation of graphene and graphene‐derived materials on 3D semiconductor structures for applications across a wide range of wavelengths.
Melt processing of nanocomposites of cellulose nanocrystals with biobased thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Prataviera Rogerio , Pollet Eric , Bretas Rosario Elida Suman , Avérous Luc , de Almeida Lucas Alessandra
Published: December 2020

Nanocomposites of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) without and with surface treatment are obtained by melt processing. Nanocomposites are obtained with nanofiller weight content near of the theoretical percolation threshold (3.9 wt%). Visual observation of CNC agglomerates is sufficient to prove the inefficiency of the mixing in systems with untreated CNC. The crystallization kinetics of the TPU changes with the addition of CNC and this is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis prove that the addition of CNC increases the thermal stability of the TPU. From the rheological analysis it is possible to verify the absence of percolation and an intermediate state of sol–gel transition in the nanocomposites. CNC/TPU nanocomposites with 5 wt% of treated CNC present better mechanical performance than de neat TPU and the other processed nanocomposites and display around 130% increase in Young's modulus while retaining significant values of toughness, tensile strength and elongation at break.
Equilibrium swelling of thermo‐responsive core‐shell microgels
Authors: Drozdov Aleksey D. , deClaville Christiansen Jesper
Published: December 2020

Design of new routes for preparation of hydrogels with fast response and enhanced mechanical and physical properties requires adequate modeling of their swelling. A model is developed for the equilibrium swelling of thermo‐responsive gels. A characteristic feature of the model is that it accounts for a strong increase in the elastic moduli above the volume phase transition temperature Tc driven by aggregation of hydrophobic segments into clusters that serve as extra physical bonds between chains. The model is applied to the analysis of swelling diagrams on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) macroscopic gels, microgel latices, and core‐shell microgels with rigid cores. Good agreement is shown between the experimental data and results of simulation. It is demonstrated that the elastic moduli of microgels are higher, while their degrees of swelling in the stress‐free state are lower compared with those of macroscopic gels.
Enhanced Electrochemical Stability of Sulfide‐Based LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 All‐Solid‐State Batteries by Ti Surface Doping
Authors: Zhang Qing , Bruck Andrea M. , Stavola Alyssa M. , Liang Wentao , Aurora Peter , Gallaway Joshua W.
Published: December 2020

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using inorganic superionic conductors are considered a safer alternative to the current lithium ion battery technology. And tackling the issue of interfacial stability between the solid‐state electrolyte and electrode active material is a critical step to achieving sustainable ASSBs. In this work, we applied a TiO2 surface coating on LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) particles through a dry‐coating process, and subsequently heat‐treated the TiO2‐coated materials. We systematically characterized the changes to the material after the coating and heating processes, and we explored the role of TiO2 coating and heat‐treatment on the electrochemical cycling of NMC811 in a sulfide‐based ASSB. The coating and heat treatment resulted in Ti doped into the NMC811 surface, which reduced undesired side reactions and improved cycling stability. Capacity retention of the doped material was 55 % at 50 cycles, versus 11 % in the un‐doped material. The observations in this study provide an alternative approach toward enhancing the interfacial stabilities between high‐energy NMC materials and sulfide‐based solid‐state electrolyte.
Acquired hemophilia in a 7‐year‐old girl successfully treated with recombinant FVIIA and steroids: A case report
Authors: Giuffrida Gaetano , Markovic Uros , Parisi Marina , Nicolosi Daniela , Calafiore Valeria
Published: December 2020

Acquired hemophilia should be evaluated in pediatric patients with bleeding and isolated prolonged aPTT. Immunosuppressive treatment should be initiated even in minor bleedings. Bypassing agents like rFVIIa can be used in children with success.
Maximum self‐generated electric field induced by pyroelectricity of PZT 95/5
Authors: Zhang Fu‐Ping , Wu Ling‐Feng , Zhang Tao , Xie Qing‐hai , Liu Yu‐Sheng , He Hong‐liang , Jiang Yi‐Xuan , Nie Heng‐Chang
Published: December 2020

Electric field induced by pyroelectric effect is often observed in the ferroelectric devices when they subject to temperature change. But the maximum value of ferroelectric field is still unknown. If this value exceeds the coercive field or even reaches breakdown field, the ferroelectric devices may be damaged. In this study, pyroelectricexperimental of PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 (PZT 95/5) ferroelectric ceramics was conducted to understand maximum self‐generated pyroelectric field. An equivalent circuit and path of pyroelectricity was built to analyze the pyroelectric field of PZT 95/5. Results indicated that maximum pyroelectric field is about 1.1 kV/mm. This value is controlled by the internal resistivity of PZT 95/5. A mean internal resistivity of PZT 95/5 is about 1 × 109 Ω·m during the low‐temperature to high‐temperature rhombohedral phase transformation.
Phosgene‐Free Carbonyl Insertion: Hot Advances in 11C‐Chemistry
Authors: Bow John‐Paul J. , Riss Patrick J.
Published: December 2020

Synthetic methods for carbon‐11 chemistry are highlighted with particular importance put on the activation of [11C]CO2. Methods focus on practical, alternative routes to key intermediates for synthesis of radiotracers without the reliance on [11C]phosgene. Recent advances display practical syntheses with efficient total synthesis times and high molar activity in final products. Advances include the use of carbonyl transfer agents, transition‐metal catalysts, and functional groups in starting materials.