bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of silver titania nanoparticles from an Ag–Ti alloy via picosecond laser ablation and their antibacterial activities
Authors: Hamad Abubaker , Li Lin , Liu Zhu , Zhong Xiang Li , Liu Hong , Wang Tao
Published: August 2015

In this work, a bulk Ti/Ag alloy was used, for the first time, to produce Ag–TiO2 compound nanoparticles using picosecond laser ablation in deionised water.
Platinum(ii) complexes of mixed-valent radicals derived from cyclotricatechylene, a macrocyclic tris-dioxolene
Authors: Loughrey Jonathan J. , Patmore Nathan J. , Baldansuren Amgalanbaatar , Fielding Alistair J. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Hardie Michaele J. , Sproules Stephen , Halcrow Malcolm A.
Published: August 2015

The redox series[1]0/1+/2+/3+has been characterised by UV/vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry, cw EPR, ENDOR and HYSCORE spectroscopies and DF calculations.
Grafted biomembranes containing membrane proteins – the case of the leucine transporter
Authors: Jagalski Vivien , Barker Robert D. , Thygesen Mikkel B. , Gotfryd Kamil , Krüger Mie B. , Shi Lei , Maric Selma , Bovet Nicolas , Moulin Martine , Haertlein Michael , Günther Pomorski Thomas , Loland Claus J. , Cárdenas Marité
Published: August 2015

Together neutron reflection and molecular dynamics simulation offer a powerful tool to study the membrane protein structure in native-like environment.
Entangled polymer complexes as Higgs phenomena
Authors: Kim Ki-Seok , Dutta Sandipan , Jho YongSeok
Published: August 2015

Entangled polymers are analogous to Higgs phenomena. The preserved linking number of the entangled polymer restricts the transverse motion of the test polymer, which corresponds to the microscopic picture of the tube model.
The effect of a solid electrolyte interphase on the mechanism of operation of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Markevich E. , Salitra G. , Rosenman A. , Talyosef Y. , Chesneau F. , Aurbach D.
Published: August 2015

The formation of surface films on sulfur–carbon cathodes is responsible for a quasi-solid-state mechanism of sulfur lithiation in the micropores.
Synthesis of tri-level hierarchical SAPO-34 zeolite with intracrystalline micro–meso–macroporosity showing superior MTO performance
Authors: Sun Qiming , Wang Ning , Guo Guanqi , Chen Xiaoxin , Yu Jihong
Published: August 2015

Tri-level hierarchically porous SAPO-34 zeolite with an intracrystalline micro–meso–macropore structure has been synthesized exhibiting remarkably enhanced performance in the methanol-to-olefin reaction.
Hierarchical porous carbon microrods composed of vertically aligned graphene-like nanosheets for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Zongmin , Zhang Xin , Pei Fei , Dai Yan , Fang Xiaoliang , Wang Taihong , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: August 2015

Hierarchical porous carbon microrods composed of vertically aligned graphene-like nanosheets were prepared and used as a high-performance anode material for Li-ion batteries.
A fluorescent chitosan hydrogel detection platform for the sensitive and selective determination of trace mercury(ii) in water
Authors: Geng Zhigang , Zhang Haimin , Xiong Qizhong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Huijun , Wang Guozhong
Published: August 2015

A fluorescent chitosan hydrogel detection platform was developed by cross-linking chitosan fibers with glutaric dialdehyde (GD) fluorophores, exhibiting superior performance for the sensitive and selective determination of trace Hg2+ in water.
Promising blood-derived biomarkers for estimation of the postmortem interval
Authors: Costa Isabel , Carvalho Félix , Magalhães Teresa , Guedes de Pinho Paula , Silvestre Ricardo , Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge
Published: August 2015

A linear correlation between blood putrefaction time and biochemical parameter concentrations was obtained. Two mathematical models that may have predictive value for estimation of thepostmorteminterval were developed. The obtained results might be complementary procedures for the methodologies already used.
Synthetic aperture radar target configuration recognition using locality‐preserving property and the Gamma distribution
Authors: Liu Ming , Wu Yan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Fan , Li Ming
Published: August 2015

Taking the inevitable speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images into account, a feature extraction algorithm is proposed by combining the locality‐preserving property and the Gamma distribution for SAR target configuration recognition in this study. To describe the essential characteristics of SAR images, the authors model the speckle noise by the Gamma distribution. Moreover, the locality‐preserving property which is of great importance for recognition is fused into the statistical model to preserve the local structure of the datasets. Besides, they modify the affinity matrix that is used in the locality‐preserving property to capture both the local and global structures of the datasets for configuration recognition. The coordinate descent method is carried out for parameter estimation, in which a decomposition method is presented to obtain the transformation matrix. The experimental results on the moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition database validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Raman parametric excitation effect upon the third harmonic generation by a metallic nanoparticle lattice
Authors: Sepehri Javan N.
Published: August 2015

This work is a theoretical study on third harmonic generation in the nonlinear propagation of an intense laser pulse through a periodic three-dimensional lattice of nanoparticles. Using a perturbative method, the nonlinear equations that describe the laser–nanoparticle interaction in the weakly relativistic regime are derived. Additionally, the nonlinear dispersion relation and the amplitude of the third harmonic are obtained. Finally, the effects of the nanoparticle radius and separation length, the distribution of the nanoparticle electron density, and the laser frequency upon the third harmonic efficiency are investigated. In addition to the expected resonance that occurs when the third harmonic resonates with the plasmon wave, another resonance appears when the nonlinear interaction of the fundamental mode with the third harmonic excites a longitudinal collective plasmon wave via the parametric Raman mechanism.
Effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on maturation and developmental competence of immature mouse oocytes in vitro
Authors: Wei Qiang , Zhou Chuan , Yuan Min , Miao Yuyang , Zhao Xiaoe , Ma Baohua
Published: August 2015

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes is an important assisted reproductive technology for infertility treatment and livestock breeding programs. Because of asynchronous nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, the developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro is compromised. C-Type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which has been proved to be an inhibitor of oocyte maturation, provides a new alternative to optimise synchronisation of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and improve developmental capacity of immature oocytes in vitro. To investigate the effect of temporary meiotic arrest mediated by CNP on maturation and subsequent development of immature oocytes, immature mouse oocytes from small antral follicles were temporarily arrested in meiosis by CNP (0, 5, 10 and 50 nM) for 24 h and then matured for 16 h. CNP treatment significantly increased the oocyte maturation rate from less than half to above 80%. After IVF, temporary meiotic arrest mediated by 10 and 50 nM CNP significantly improved fertilisation and blastocyst rate of oocytes matured in vitro up to approximately 55% and 30% respectively. Moreover, this positive effect of CNP was attributed, in part, to an increase in the number of mature oocytes with aligned chromosomes and a normal spindle. The present findings indicate the potential to use CNP to improve the efficiency of oocyte IVM.
Strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in intensively managed vegetable cropping systems in subtropical Australia
Authors: Rashti M. Rezaei , Wang W. J. , Harper S. M. , Moody P. W. , Chen C. R. , Ghadiri H. , Reeves S. H.
Published: August 2015

The greenhouse gas fluxes and effective mitigation strategies in subtropical vegetable cropping systems remain unclear. In this field experiment, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes from an irrigated lettuce cropping system in subtropical Queensland, Australia, were measured using manual sampling chambers. Four treatments were included: Control (no fertiliser), U100 (100 kg N ha–1 as urea), U200 (200 kg N ha–1 as urea) and N100 (100 kg N ha–1 as nitrate-based fertilisers). The N fertilisers were applied in three splits and irrigation was delivered sparingly and frequently to keep soil moisture around the field capacity. The cumulative N2O emissions from the control, U100, U200 and N100 treatments over the 68-day cropping season were 30, 151, 206 and 68 g N2O-N ha–1, respectively. Methane emission and uptake were negligible. Using N2O emission from the Control treatment as the background emission, direct emission factors for U100, U200 and N100 treatments were 0.12%, 0.09% and 0.04% of applied fertiliser N, respectively. Soil ammonium (NH4+) concentration, instead of nitrate (NO3–) concentration, exhibited a significant correlation with N2O emissions at the site where the soil moisture was controlled within 50%–64% water-filled pore space. Furthermore, soil temperature rather than water content was the main regulating factor of N2O fluxes in the fertilised treatments. Fertiliser type and application rates had no significant effects on yield parameters. Partial N balance analysis indicated that approximately 80% and 52% of fertiliser N was recovered in plants and soil in the treatments receiving 100 kg N ha–1 and 200 kg N ha–1, respectively. Therefore, in combination with frequent and low-intensity irrigation and split application of fertiliser N, substitution of NO3–-based fertilisers for urea and reduction in fertiliser N application rates were considered promising mitigation strategies to maintain yield and minimise N2O emissions during the low rainfall season.
Is each particle in the Qur’ān translatable?
Authors: Dror Yehudit
Published: August 2015

One of the prominent features of the fawāṣil, i.e., recurrent clauses that occupy the final position of the Qur’ānic verse, is that they begin with the particle wāw, which is usually identified as wāw l-isti’nāf. In Arabic, this starts a new sentence that is semantically and grammatically independent from the previous sentence. Thus, according to this explanation, there is no logical connection between the fawāṣil and what precedes it, a fact that may harm the meaning of specific parts of the sūra. Because the Arabic sources, such as grammar books, Qur’ānic exegeses and morpho-syntactic books analyzing the Qur’ānic text (kutub l-’i‘rāb), do not much contribute to the understanding of the connection between the sentences, the approach adopted refers to different translations of the Qur’ān in five languages: Hebrew, English, German, Russian and French. These translations typically refute the lack of connectedness between the sentences because they do identify a semantic relation between the sentences, or a type of dependency between the sentences, a relation that is well-expressed in their translations. This article presents the various translations of this particular particle that indicate the different cohesive ties between the fawāṣil and what precedes them. It is noteworthy that in some cases there is a uniform translation of wāw l-isti’nāf, while in other cases various translations are to be found, which leads to different meanings of the same sentence. The article thus deals with the question of cohesive ties within the Qur’ān on one hand, and, on the other, examines the differences and variations that exist in the Qur’ānic translations.
A bibliometrical analysis of interpreting studies in China
Authors: Wang Binhua
Published: August 2015

Through a bibliometrical analysis of a database of quality articles in interpreting studies published between 2008 and 2012 in the
14 CSSCI and CORE journals that have published interpreting researches in China, this article describes the status quo of
interpreting studies in China during the past five years, which provides latest information following up Wang & Mu (2009)’s
survey about developments of the field from 1958 to 2007. A quantitative survey is conducted to reveal the annual production, the
distribution of articles in different journals and active researchers of the field. More in-depth qualitative analysis is also
done over the content and citation sources of the articles in order to examine distribution of research themes and topics,
research methods and theoretical sources. It is found that the total publication of this period is comparable to 53.5% of the
previous five decades. Their research themes range from interpreter training to theoretical issues, interpreting techniques and
issues in practice, interpreting product, interpreting process and community, telephone and sign-language interpreting. Their
research methods include theoretical conceptualization, literature analysis and reviews, theory-application analysis, summary and
reflection of experiences, experimental studies, survey studies and observational studies. It is concluded from the bibliometrical
analysis that new progress has been achieved in interpreting studies in China during the past five years, which is evident in more
wide-ranging research themes and topics, more diversified theoretical sources and better utilization of methodology. The
bibliometrical analysis also indicates the emergence of a new generation of researchers, who are expected to take interpreting
studies to a new height with favorable institutional and academic environment in place in China.
Aligning language to ideology
Authors: Smirnova Anastasia
Published: August 2015

This paper compares and analyzes mass media language in Bulgaria before and after the breakdown of the communist regime with the goal to reveal the effect of political setting, communist vs. democratic, on the form of public discourse in the media. The comparison reveals statistically significant differences in the types of grammatical constructions used in the communist and democratic media (active vs. passive), as well as differences in grammatical properties of nouns (animacy, concreteness, and properness) and verbs (tense and evidentiality). I propose that the observed differences are best explained within a sociocognitive model of context proposed byvan Dijk (2008). From this perspective, linguistic characteristics of the democratic and communist discourse examined in the paper reflect speakers’ shared beliefs about the system of social meanings and fundamental principles of their respective societies, such as humanism vs. institutionalism, individualism vs. collectivism, and the differences in the perception of time.
Deliberations in the Turkish parliament
Authors: Müftüler-Baç Meltem , Süleymanoğlu-Kürüm Rahime
Published: August 2015

Parliamentarians find themselves engaged in political struggle through the medium of language and constrained by their own rhetoric. These parliamentary debates reveal political perceptions. The external perceptions about the European Union emerge as a relatively understudied topic in political science. This brings forth the following question; how is the European Union and its foreign policy perceived externally? This paper focuses on one particular country, Turkey and the political deliberations within the Turkish Parliament, in order to assess the external perceptions of the EU. The paper analyzes the political debate in Turkey through an investigation of the proceedings of the Turkish Parliament, the legislature in Turkish politics, from 1998 to 2012. The proceedings in the Turkish Parliament enable us to analyze the different political camps’ positions by looking into their deliberations on the European foreign policy thoroughly. This analysis enables us to uncover the Turkish view on the European foreign policy.
Information structure without topic and focus
Authors: Ozerov Pavel
Published: August 2015

Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Burmese is usually analysed as directly related to the expression of information structure. Yet, this corpus-based study of DOM and the associated prosody finds that DOM is not based on information structure alone, but is also additionally motivated by discourse structure and content management. The suggested analysis proposes that DOM in Burmese provides a grammatical structure of information packaging: a system of separating information into units (packages) and establishing relations between them. Different configurations of packaging are employed to create an array of context-dependent interpretive effects related to information structure, discourse structure, and other factors. Hence, it is argued that information structure is not directly expressed in the language. Instead, it stems from an interpretation of the interplay between information packaging and various pragmatic-semantic factors, and is but one of the possible effects created by packaging.
The constructionalization of the Chinese cleft construction
Authors: Zhan Fangqiong , Traugott Elizabeth Closs
Published: August 2015

This paper addresses the emergence and development of the Chinese cleft construction, with particular attention to the period from Early Archaic Chinese through Late Medieval Chinese. Prototype copulas are typically of the form [NP SHI NP], are predicational or specificational, and cue information focus. We trace the gradual development over time of copula clefts in addition to prototype copula constructions. A key factor in their development is the use in Medieval Chinese of nominalizations in post-copula position. Copula clefts typically have the form [NP SHI XP DE] and cue both specificational and contrastive meaning. The study is a contribution to the developing field of constructionalization by making more explicit the way in which individual constructional changes contribute sequentially to constructionalization. It also demonstrates one way in which a complex contrastive cleft construction may come into being.
Accounting for nonverbal communication in interpreter-mediated events in healthcare settings
Authors: Miletich Marko
Published: August 2015

Interpreters express in one language what is said in another. Verbal language is, of course, the basic system by which humans often interact, and a large percentage of our communication is based on the exchange of words. Bilingual language skills are fundamental and are, as might be expected, emphasized in any interpreter-training program. Issues dealing with verbal language such as knowledge of medical terminology in two languages, cognates, false cognates, syntactical structures, and idioms are essential. They should be a very important part of the training provided for interpreters working in many public service settings (legal, health, education, housing, environmental health, and social services). Although the organized system of vocal sounds, known as verbal language, is fundamental to communicate meaning between individuals, there are also nonverbal features that are utilized in everyday conversation (including interpreted-mediated events). Following Fernando Poyatos (2002a, 2002b, 2002c), this article briefly examines the triple structure of discourse, language-paralanguage-kinesics, and its relevance for interpreters. One of the main differences between public service interpreting and other types of interpreting (such as conference interpreting) is the opportunity for interpreters to intervene, particularly in healthcare settings. These interventions occur in order to stop the flow of the conversation and clarify terms, expressions or ideas; point to a misunderstanding; signal a cultural reference; and/or relay the meaning of specific nonverbal behavior. The idea of the interpreter as mereconduithas now been put into question, and with reason. S/he is now regarded as a visible co-participant in a verbal and nonverbal interaction that allows two people from different languages and cultures to communicate with each other. Because nonverbal communication is an important part of the triadic interpreted-mediated events that take place in healthcare settings, it is becoming much more visible as part of interpreter education. The present article first considers communication through nonverbal signs, and oftenjustthrough nonverbal signs. Next, it stresses the need for interpreters to account for nonverbal cues in the routine triadic events taking place in healthcare settings. The article adopts an expanded definition of interpreting, a particular notion of language, and a constructivist approach to learning.
Polygamy and Legislation in Contemporary Iran: An Analysis of the Public Legal Discourse
Authors: Schneider Irene
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyze the interaction between different interpretations of Islamic jurisprudence in Iran and state law. It focuses on the public legal discourse about the new Family Draft Law in 2007–08, especially Article 23 regulating polygamous marriages and removing necessity for the first wife’s permission. The participants in this public legal debate, which took place on the internet and in the media, were civil society organizations, especially women’s organizations, the Shiite clergy, and state representatives. The article argues that even in a non-democratic, theocratic state such as the Islamic Republic of Iran, public discourse promoted by the named actors can challenge and influence state legislation. The removal of Article 23 from the Draft confirms this argument, but in the law of 2013 the requirement for the first wife’s permission is not found. By looking at the arguments brought forward in the public discourse, the article demonstrates that the arguments are mainly “Islamic,” and none refers to international human rights, as this seems to be a kind of taboo in the political discourse.
On Liberty in Talebof’s Thought
Authors: Mazinani Mehran
Published: August 2015

This article represents Talebof ’s thought on the modern idea of liberty defined in terms of selfishness, selflessness, and selfhood. First, a brief background is set forth in an attempt to show some of the influences on Talebof by others of the Iranian intelligentsia and European philosophers. Having set the stage, his philosophy is represented systematically, as against chronologically. This approach helps to reveal a shortcoming in Talebof ’s philosophy regarding the modern idea of liberty. The shortcoming is evident: Talebof defined liberty in terms of selfishness and selflessness, but then did not dig deep enough to methodically examine selfhood as a more fundamental basis for liberty. The article argues that this shortcoming was caused by a number of factors, including philosophical poverty coupled with natural tendency for reification, and anxiously pragmatic ethos caused by lawlessness under the Qajars and exposure to the hegemonic West. In short, this paper defines the modern idea of liberty, describes Talebof ’s understanding of it, and explains the obstacles that prevented Talebof from setting out a more comprehensive examination of the modern idea of liberty.
Compound Verb Processing in Second Language Speakers of Persian
Authors: Shabani-Jadidi Pouneh
Published: August 2015

This study investigates compound verb processing in second language speakers (L2) of Persian. Forty-six near-native L2 speakers of Persian were tested to examine the processing of transparent (non-idiomatic) and opaque (idiomatic) compound verbs, under masked priming paradigm. The results revealed a significant nominal priming effect in the opaque condition, and a numerically stronger nominal priming effect in the transparent condition. There was also an increase in the processing load on the parser when the target was an opaque compound. The results of this study seem to be compatible with the dual access or dual route hypothesis, yet with the version that assumes the two routes are activated in parallel rather than the version that assumes high frequency words are represented lexically but low frequency words are decomposed.
Coping profiles of young Athletes in their everyday life: A three‐wave two‐month study†
Authors: Martinent Guillaume , Decret Jean‐Claude
Published: August 2015

Young athletes in intensive training settings are confronted with a series of daily stressors although they have a smaller and less flexible coping repertoire than adults. Moreover, previous studies neglected the multivariate nature of coping. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to first identify coping profiles of young athletes in response to daily stressors related to their competitive sport involvement. Second, the study examined: (a) if such profiles were similar across the three waves, (b) how many participants belonged to the same profile along the three waves, and (c) whether individuals from distinct profiles differed on burnout, stress, and recovery. One hundred and forty‐seven young table‐tennis players involved in intensive training settings completed the CICS, RESTQ‐Sport, and ABQ three times during a 2‐month period. Cluster analyses indicated three similar clusters across the three waves: task‐oriented coping, distraction‐ and disengagement‐oriented coping, and low coping profiles. The distribution of athletes significantly varied across waves. Burnout, stress, and recovery significantly differed across the coping profiles. Athletes from the task‐oriented coping profile were characterized by the best psychological adjustment (high scores of recovery and low scores of stress and burnout). In contrast, athletes from the distraction‐ and disengagement‐oriented coping profile were characterized by the worst psychological adjustment (high scores of stress and burnout and low scores of recovery). These findings highlighted that the coping profiles allow examining coping within a holistic approach, teasing out the complex associations with key outcomes, such as burnout, stress, and recovery.
Unilateral eccentric resistance training: A direct comparison between isokinetic and dynamic constant external resistance modalities
Authors: Coratella Giuseppe , Milanese Chiara , Schena Federico
Published: August 2015

Aim of the study was to compare the effects of unilateral eccentric‐only training using constant velocity vs. constant external load. Forty‐seven participants were randomized in isokinetic (IK), dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) unilateral eccentric training or control groups. Knee extension 1RM and isometric, eccentric and concentric knee extensors peak torque, as well as changes in vastus lateralis fascicle pennation angle, fascicle length, muscle thickness, and quadriceps fat‐free mass were measured. Both IK and DCER training consisted in 5 × 8 eccentric‐only repetitions, 2d/w, for 6 weeks. IK and DCER training sessions were matched for total volume. After training, both IK and DCER similarly increased 1RM (respectively, +4.4 kg, CI95% 1.8–7.0 and +5.5 kg, CI95% 3.3–7.9), isometric (respectively, +34.5 N/m, CI95% 23.0–45.9 and +15.8, CI95% 5.4–26.2) and concentric peak torque (respectively, +17.0 N/m, CI95% 6.6 to +27.4 and 12.2 CI95% 2.8–21.7). IK increased eccentric peak torque significantly more than DCER (respectively, +84.2 N/m, CI95% 66.3–102.1 and +38.2 N/m, CI95% 21.9–54.4). Both IK and DCER similarly increased fascicle length (respectively, +14.7 mm, CI95% 5.4–24.0 and +14.4 mm, CI95% 5.4–23.3) and muscle thickness (respectively, +3.3 mm, CI95% 1.5–5.1, and +4.1 mm, CI95% 2.5–5.7). Matching the training volume resulted in similar adaptations comparing eccentric‐only IK or DCER resistance training. Both in rehabilitation and in training practice, the use of easily available gym devices can be a good substitute for expensive and often unavailable IK devices.
Exercise training modifies walking kinematics and energy cost in obese adolescents: A pilot controlled trial
Authors: Delextrat Anne , Matthew Dionne , Brisswalter Jeanick
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a weight loss intervention based on physical exercise on the relationship between energy cost and stride frequency during walking in obese teenagers. Participants aged 13–16 years old were assigned to a training (n = 14) and control (n = 10) groups. During eight weeks, the training group performed three 60‐min weekly sessions of high‐intensity intermittent activities coupled with aerobic training. Body composition, gait parameters and energy cost during 4‐min walking bouts at participants’ most comfortable speed and preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF‐10%, PSF + 10%, PSF‐20% and PSF + 20% were measured before and after intervention. The effects of training and stride frequencies on the energy cost of walking were analysed by an ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results showed that the exercise intervention induced a significant increase in walking speed (+23.2%), and significant decreases in body mass (−1.4%), body fat percentage (−2.1%) and energy cost of walking at various frequencies (decreases ranging from −10.5% to −20.4%, p < .05). In addition, significantly greater decreases were shown at high frequencies (p < .05). No significant differences were shown in the control group (p > .05). These results suggest that this type of training is beneficial to reduce walking energy cost of obese teenagers, in particular at high frequencies. This should improve their well‐being during daily activities.
On the Nullstellensätze for Stein spaces and 𝐶-analytic sets
Authors: Acquistapace Francesca , Broglia Fabrizio , Fernando José
Published: August 2015

In this work we prove the real Nullstellensatz for the ring

O

(
X
)

\mathcal {O}(X)

of analytic functions on a

C
C

-analytic set

X
⊂

R

n

X\subset \mathbb {R}^n

in terms of the saturation of Łojasiewicz’s radical in

O

(
X
)

\mathcal {O}(X)

: The ideal

I

(

Z

(

a

)
)

\mathcal {I}(\mathcal {Z}(\mathfrak {a}))

of the zero-set

Z

(

a

)

\mathcal {Z}(\mathfrak {a})

of an ideal

a

\mathfrak {a}

of

O

(
X
)

\mathcal {O}(X)

coincides with the saturation

a

L

~

\widetilde {\sqrt [L]{\mathfrak {a}}}

of Łojasiewicz’s radical

a

L

\sqrt [L]{\mathfrak {a}}

. If

Z

(

a

)

\mathcal {Z}(\mathfrak {a})

has ‘good properties’ concerning Hilbert’s 17th Problem, then

I

(

Z

(

a

)
)
=

a

r

~

\mathcal {I}(\mathcal {Z}(\mathfrak {a}))=\widetilde {\sqrt [\mathsf {r}]{\mathfrak {a}}}

where

a

r

\sqrt [\mathsf {r}]{\mathfrak {a}}

stands for the real radical of

a

\mathfrak {a}

. The same holds if we replace

a

r

\sqrt [\mathsf {r}]{\mathfrak {a}}

with the real-analytic radical

a

r
a

\sqrt [\mathsf {ra}]{\mathfrak {a}}

of

a

\mathfrak {a}

, which is a natural generalization of the real radical ideal in the

C
C

-analytic setting. We revisit the classical results concerning (Hilbert’s) Nullstellensatz in the framework of (complex) Stein spaces.

Let

a

\mathfrak {a}

be a saturated ideal of

O

(

R

n

)

\mathcal {O}(\mathbb {R}^n)

and

Y

R

n

Y_{\mathbb {R}^n}

the germ of the support of the coherent sheaf that extends

a

O

R

n

\mathfrak {a}\mathcal {O}_{\mathbb {R}^n}

to a suitable complex open neighborhood of

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

. We study the relationship between a normal primary decomposition of

a

\mathfrak {a}

and the decomposition of

Y

R

n

Y_{\mathbb {R}^n}

as the union of its irreducible components. If

a

:=

p

\mathfrak {a}:=\mathfrak {p}

is prime, then

I

(

Z

(

p

)
)
=

p

\mathcal {I}(\mathcal {Z}(\mathfrak {p}))=\mathfrak {p}

if and only if the (complex) dimension of

Y

R

n

Y_{\mathbb {R}^n}

coincides with the (real) dimension of

Z

(

p

)

\mathcal {Z}(\mathfrak {p})

.
The ranges of 𝐾-theoretic invariants for nonsimple graph algebras
Authors: Eilers Søren , Katsura Takeshi , Tomforde Mark , West James
Published: August 2015

There are many classes of nonsimple graph

C
∗

C^*

-algebras that are classified by the six-term exact sequence in

K
K

-theory. In this paper we consider the range of this invariant and determine which cyclic six-term exact sequences can be obtained by various classes of graph

C
∗

C^*

-algebras. To accomplish this, we establish a general method that allows us to form a graph with a given six-term exact sequence of

K
K

-groups by splicing together smaller graphs whose

C
∗

C^*

-algebras realize portions of the six-term exact sequence. As rather immediate consequences, we obtain the first permanence results for extensions of graph

C
∗

C^*

-algebras.

We are hopeful that the results and methods presented here will also prove useful in more general cases, such as situations where the

C
∗

C^*

-algebras under investigation have more than one ideal and where there are currently no relevant classification theories available.
A Fokker-Planck type approximation of parabolic PDEs with oblique boundary data
Authors: Alexander Damon , Kim Inwon
Published: August 2015

We consider solutions of quasi-linear parabolic PDEs with zero oblique boundary data in a bounded domain. Our main result states that the solutions can be approximated by solutions of a Fokker-Planck type PDE in the whole space with a penalizing drift term which also converges to zero outside the original domain. The convergence is locally uniform, and optimal error estimates are obtained.
Rhythmic Intervention
Authors: Blackwood Stephen
Published: August 2015

This chapter continues the previous chapter’s close reading of Consolation Book One through the remaining five poems and five sections of prose, again paying careful attention to the relation of metre, meaning, and sound, and the interaction of these with prisoner’s physical and psychological state.
The Final Two
Authors: Blackwood Stephen
Published: August 2015

This chapter continues the work of the previous one by examining the final two metres that are repeated in the Consolation, anapaestic dimeter and glyconic, which occur four times each. It is argued that each successive repetition intentionally recalls the earlier instances of the same sound and that these acoustic recollections play a dynamic, complex role in the prisoner’s therapy, each resonating purposefully with the others.
Formal Structure
Authors: Blackwood Stephen
Published: August 2015

This chapter uncovers an intricate, comprehensive, symmetrical system according to which the Consolation’s poetic metres are repeated and arranged. This acoustic system includes all of the work’s thirty-nine poems, while the final poem, which contains a metric element of every other poem, functions as an anthology of the whole.
Analogies of Rhythmic Repetition
Authors: Blackwood Stephen
Published: August 2015

This chapter seeks to provide from daily experience a series of analogies for the Consolation’s several kinds of metric repetition. It is suggested that these analogies offer insight into the effect the Consolation’s metres and metric patterns are intended to have upon the prisoner.
Repetition, Narration, and the Meditative Ascent
Authors: Blackwood Stephen
Published: August 2015

This chapter introduces a distinction between the prisoner of the narrative and the prisoner as narrator. This distinction leads to a consideration of the Consolation as a meditative ascent intended for both the prisoner and the reader.
Aliens and Strangers?
Authors: Strhan Anna
Published: August 2015

In this work of qualitative sociology, Anna Strhan offers an in-depth study of the everyday lives of members of a conservative evangelical Anglican church in London. ‘St John’s’ is a vibrant church, with a congregation of young and middle-aged members, one in which the life of the mind is important, and faith is both a comfort and a struggle—a way of questioning the order of things within society and for themselves. The congregants of St John’s see themselves as increasingly countercultural, moving against the grain of wider culture in London and in British society, yet they take pride in this, and see it as a central element of being Christian. This book reveals the processes through which the congregants of St John’s learn to understand themselves as ‘aliens and strangers’ in the world, demonstrating the precariousness of their projects of staking out boundaries of moral distinctiveness. Through focusing on their interactions within and outside the church, Strhan shows how the everyday experiences of these evangelicals are simultaneously shaped by the secular norms of their workplaces and other city spaces and by the moral and temporal orientations of their faith that rub against these. Thus their self-identification as ‘aliens and strangers’ both articulates and constructs an ambition to be different from others around them in the city, rooted in a consciousness of the extent to which their hopes, concerns, and longings are simultaneously shaped by their being in the world.
Dividing the Subject
Authors: Strhan Anna
Published: August 2015

This chapter draws together the concepts of body pedagogics, interrelationality, and ethical subjectivity to develop an approach to examining questions of coherence and fragmentation, and the formation of ‘religious’ subjects in ‘secular’ times and places. To understand evangelicals’ lived experiences requires attending not only to their embodied practices but also to their sense of relationship with God, and the chapter considers what it means to take the personality of God seriously as an actor in shaping evangelicals’ subjectivities. The final section of the chapter develops an approach to studying the formation of ethical subjectivity as a fully interrelational, embodied process, drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, Georg Simmel, and Emmanuel Levinas.
The Listening ‘I’
Authors: Strhan Anna
Published: August 2015

This chapter addresses the formation of evangelicals as listening subjects, concentrating on the processes through which they develop an orientation towards transcendence through this. It considers what it means to listen in modernity, drawing on Michel de Certeau’s argument that the loss of the ability to hear God speak is associated with a fracturing of meaning as individuals understand themselves as authors of their own meanings and identities. The chapter describes the techniques through which members of the church seek to form themselves as listening subjects, and discusses the significance of ‘rationality’ in this. The chapter then explores how church members’ modes of listening are an interruption to the everyday rhythms of the city, encouraging them to seek to know God as a source of coherence and meaning, and to discipline their minds and bodies in attentiveness to the demand to listen to Him.
Wave Propagation
Authors: Le Bot A.
Published: August 2015

This chapter is an introduction to wave phenomena and propagation in linear media. The existence of travelling waves and the dymanics of wave packets are studied. The dispersion equation, phase speed, group speed, the uncertainty principle, and energy transport relations are analysed in detail.
Injected Power
Authors: Le Bot A.
Published: August 2015

This chapter provides many useful relationships to evaluate the power supplied to a subsystem by external sources. The notions of mobility and conductance are introduced and their importance for point or distributed sources is discussed. A statistical estimation of the mobility is realized. Many examples of mobilities of infinite systems are given. It is shown that the mean mobility of a finite system is equal to the mobility of the infinite system.
Coupling Loss Factor
Authors: Le Bot A.
Published: August 2015

This chapter provides many relationships for the effective calculation of coupling loss factors. All cases of interest are reviewed: point-connected subsystems, line-connected subsystems, and area-connected subsystems. The importance of transmission efficiency is highlighted. The theories of beam junctions, plates connected by their edges, beam–plate coupling, transmission of sound through single and multilayer panels, and sound radiation are treated in detail.
The intransitive two-word stage: Absolutives, unaccusatives, and middles as precursors to transitivity
Authors: Progovac Ljiljana
Published: August 2015

This chapter builds on the small clause proposal of Chapter 2, and takes it even further to the conclusion that only intransitive small clauses, with only one argument, should be reconstructed for the initial stage of proto-syntax. One arrives at this stage via the same method of internal reconstruction, by removing the outer layers of functional structure. Furthermore, the claim is that this stage was characterized by an absolutive-like two-slot grammar, i.e. an intransitive grammar which cannot distinguish between subjects and objects syntactically. This reconstruction reveals selection pressures that would have steered evolution towards a transitive stage, and uncovers a host of fossils found across all modern languages, including unaccusatives, nominals, absolutives, and exocentric compounds. Strong support for the gradualist approach also comes from intermediate structures, such as “middles,” and the corroborating evidence comes from language acquisition studies, especially involving sign languages emerging from scratch.
Bravais lattices and crystal systems
Authors: Hammond Christopher
Published: August 2015

Chapter 3 describes the fourteen Bravais (space) lattices. It looks at centro and non-centrosymmetric (enantiomorphous and non-enantiomorphous) point groups and geometrical relations between the cubic P, I and F lattices. It provides a classification of the seven crystal systems. The chapter then considers the coordination of Bravais lattice points, specifically, the twenty-four space-filling Voronoi polyhedra (the Dirichlet regions or Wigner-Seitz cells). The chapter then provides examples of the cubic P, I, and F lattices. Lastly, it looks at Kelvin's a-tetrakaidecahedron: soap films and epidermal cells.
Describing lattice planes and directions in crystals
Authors: Hammond Christopher
Published: August 2015

Chapter 5 considers indexing lattice planes and directions, relating to Miller indices and zone axis symbols. It also considers lattice plane spacings, relating to Miller indices and Laue indices. The chapter also examines in detail zones, zone axes, and the (Weiss) zone law or zone equation. It looks at the indexing in the trigonal and hexagonal systems, which relates to Weber symbols and Miller-Bravais indices. Finally, it considers transformation matrices in general and for trigonal crystals with rhombohedral lattices.
The diffraction of light
Authors: Hammond Christopher
Published: August 2015

Chapter 7 starts by providing some simple observations of light diffraction—the reciprocal relation between the diffracting object and diffraction pattern. It then looks at the nature of light as explained by Newton and Huygens. It gives two concepts of coherence, scattering, and interference. The chapter provides an analysis of the geometry of diffraction patterns from gratings and nets by looking at principal and subsidiary maxima. It outlines Young's slits experiments and the diffraction-limited resolving power of optical instruments relating to the telescope, microscope, camera, and the eye.
X-ray diffraction
Authors: Hammond Christopher
Published: August 2015

The chapter starts with an historical introduction to the topics covered here. It describes Laue's analysis of X-ray diffraction, i.e. how to derive the three Laue equations. It moves on to provide W. L. Bragg's analysis and a general derivation of Bragg's law and its expression in reciprocal lattice vector rotation. The chapter then gives equivalence of Laue's equations and Bragg's law. Finally, it gives P. P. Ewald's synthesis in terms of the reflecting sphere construction and its applications.
X-ray diffraction of polycrystalline materials
Authors: Hammond Christopher
Published: August 2015

Chapter 10 begins by considering the geometrical basis of polycrystalline (powder) X-ray diffraction techniques, i.e. the focusing circle, focusing, and semi-focusing methods. It then considers the Bragg–Brentano semi-focusing geometry of the powder diffractometer and its applications (measurement of lattice parameters, grain size, elastic strain, and the identification of unknown phases, i.e. the use of the JCPDS Powder Data File). The chapter then looks at the measurement of preferred orientation or texture in fibres and sheets, the Rietveld method for structure refinement, the use of light diffraction, and masks to simulate the key features of the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA.
The stereographic projection and its uses
Authors: Hammond Christopher
Published: August 2015

This chapter starts by providing an historical introduction by looking at the origin of the stereographic projection (Claudius Ptolemy and the Planispherium). It looks at great and small circles and stereographic poles. Next, it turns to the construction of the stereographic projection of a cubic crystal, the use of the polar and Wulff nets, non-cubic crystals (distinguishing between plane normals and zone axes), and applications of the stereographic projection (representation of point group symmetry, orientation relationships between crystals, preferred orientation, and trace analysis).
Climbing without Ladders
Authors: Oqubay Arkebe
Published: August 2015

Ethiopia, like several other African economies, has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years. But to what extent is that growth underpinned by, or being converted into, deeper, more durable structural change that lays a foundation for lasting improvements in the welfare of the majority of the population? Most analysts agree that such change requires industrialization and rapid technological innovation, which enables countries to move out of subsistence production into more dynamic activities. And historically, industrial policy has been central to successful industrialization. However, mainstream thinking has been extremely wary of active industrial policy. Although industrial policy has become more fashionable recently, it is still unclear what this means in practical terms for Africa. This chapter reviews this debate in the light of a long tradition of economic history and thinking. It emphasizes the relevance of a structuralist school of thought in development economics.
Lessons from Industrial Policy in Twenty-First-Century Africa
Authors: Oqubay Arkebe
Published: August 2015

This chapter increases the depth of the analysis by assessing the implications of the book’s evidence and argument for Ethiopia and for Africa more widely. Industrial policymaking in Ethiopia is a work in progress, but the evidence shows that industrial policies can work and thrive in a low-income African country, and that the state can and should play an activist developmental role, with policy independence an important ingredient. However, the book also highlights how great the challenge of catching up and industrialization is for twenty-first-century Africa—while emphasizing that it is far from impossible. It is also necessary, if the narrative of ‘Africa Rising’ is to translate into more than a temporary and narrowly enjoyed boom.
The Fate of the Flying Man
Authors: Toivanen Juhana
Published: August 2015

This chapter discusses the reception of Avicenna’s well-known “flying man” thought experiment in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin philosophy. The central claim is that the argumentative role of the thought experiment changed radically in the latter half of the thirteenth century. The earlier authors—Dominicus Gundissalinus, William of Auvergne, Peter of Spain, and John of la Rochelle—understood it as an ontological proof for the existence and/or the nature of the soul. By contrast, Matthew of Aquasparta and Vital du Four used the flying man as an argument for the soul’s ability to be directly aware of itself. A detailed analysis of the views of these authors shows interesting philosophical differences between them and reveals how one of the crucial premises of the original thought experiment—namely that the flying man is unaware of his body—loses its importance due to the changes in the argumentative role that is assigned to it. The most radical example of a new way of understanding bodily self-awareness is Peter Olivi’s so-called ‘man before the creation.’