bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcomes of Transperitoneal Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy Compared With Extraperitoneal Approach in Gynecologic Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Kun-peng , Deng Xian-zhong , Wu Tao
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The optimal surgical approach for para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PALND) in gynecologic cancers using minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy or robotic-assisted) is controversial. This study summarizes the current evidence on the extraperitoneal (EP) approach and compares its perioperative, surgical outcomes, and complications to the transperitoneal (TP) approach in an updated meta-analysis.

Methods: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs that compare EP to TP for PALND. The main outcomes included surgical, perioperative outcomes, and complications. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and odds ratio (OR) were applied for the comparison of continuous and dichotomous variables with 95% CIs. Three RCTs and 10 non-RCTs trials, including 2,354 patients were identified and enrolled in the meta-analysis.

Results: A total of three RCTs and ten non-RCTs trials, including 2,354 patients were identified and enrolled in the meta-analysis. We reported similar results for EP and TP in terms of the hospital stay, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, conversion to laparotomy, total operative time, and postoperative complications (Clavien grade ≥ 1 and Clavien grade ≥ 3). However, the PALND operative time (WMD −10.46 min, 95% CI −19.04, −1.88; p = 0.02) and intraoperative complications (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.23, 0.69; p = 0.001) were less with EP. Also, more nodes were removed in EP compared with the TP (WMD 1.45, 95% CI 0.05, 2.86; p = 0.04).

Conclusions: The EP approach did not show differences regarding surgical and perioperative parameters compared with the TP approach. However, the number of aortic nodes retrieved was higher. Furthermore, The PALND operative time and intraoperative complications were less in EP.
Особенности проявлений популизма в странах Восточной Европы
Authors: Bulbeniuk Svitlana
Published: December 2021

The article examines the features of manifestations of populism in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The origins of right and left populism in these countries are investigated. The activities of populist leaders and political parties, their influence on the political development of each country are analyzed. It is shown that the triumph of populism in most countries is associated with the crisis of traditional politics and the disappointment of citizens in the systemic political forces. The author substantiates the conclusion that the formation of a developed political culture of an activist type can become effective in countering the spread of populism.
Adaptive and Lightweight Abnormal Node Detection via Biological Immune Game in Mobile Multimedia Networks
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Wang Kai , Zhang Jinghui
Published: December 2021

Considering the contradiction between limited node resources and high detection costs in mobile multimedia networks, an adaptive and lightweight abnormal node detection algorithm based on artificial immunity and game theory is proposed in order to balance the trade-off between network security and detection overhead. The algorithm can adapt to the highly dynamic mobile multimedia networking environment with a large number of heterogeneous nodes and multi-source big data. Specifically, the heterogeneous problem of nodes is solved based on the non-specificity of an immune algorithm. A niche strategy is used to identify dangerous areas, and antibody division generates an antibody library that can be updated online, so as to realize the dynamic detection of the abnormal behavior of nodes. Moreover, the priority of node recovery for abnormal nodes is decided through a game between nodes without causing excessive resource consumption for security detection. The results of comparative experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a relatively high detection rate and a low false-positive rate, can effectively reduce consumption time, and has good level of adaptability under the condition of dynamic nodes.
An Analysis of Local and Combined (Global) Scours on Piers-on-Bank Bridges
Authors: Chavan Vidya Subhash , Chen Shen-En , Shanmugam Navanit Sri , Tang Wenwu , Diemer John , Allan Craig , Braxtan Nicole , Shukla Tarini , Chen Tianyang , Slocum Zachery
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the scour problems related to piers-on-bank bridges resulting from frequently flooded and/or constricted waterways. While local scour problems for bridge piers in riverine channels have been addressed extensively in the literature, there have been few studies addressing piers-on-bank scour scenarios. A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element analysis using the element removal (ER) technique has been performed on a recently constructed bridge with an observable scour problem on multiple piers. The analysis is further extended to study the effect of “combined scour” or extensive erosion of soil between adjacent piles. Three different loading cases were considered in the study, and the results demonstrated that the effects of local and combined scours on bridge drilled shaft foundations can be significant under the combined actions of axial, lateral loads and bending moments. Specifically, the most critical case of combined scour is when maximum moment effect is applied to the piers. The results of this study show that the interaction of soil displacement fields between adjacent piles should be investigated for bridge crossings with piers-on-bank, with a high risk of flooding during the moderate-to-low probability of the occurrence of precipitation events, as they can increase the pile head displacements and the bending moments in the soil and result in the early failure of bridges.
Alcohol Use Intensity Decreases in Response to Successful Smoking Cessation Therapy
Authors: Philibert Robert , Dawes Kelsey , Philibert Willem , Andersen Allan M. , Hoffman Eric A.
Published: December 2021

Smokers frequently drink heavily. However, the effectiveness of smoking cessation therapy for those with comorbid alcohol abuse is unclear, and the content of smoking cessation programs often does not address comorbid alcohol consumption. In order to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between changes in rate of smoking to the change in intensity of alcohol consumption, and the necessity for alcohol-specific programming for dual users, we quantified cigarette and alcohol consumption in 39 subjects undergoing a 3-month contingency management smoking cessation program using recently developed DNA methylation tools. Intake alcohol consumption, as quantified by the Alcohol T Score (ATS), was highly correlated with cg05575921 smoking intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.49) with 19 of the 39 subjects having ATS scores indicative of Heavy Alcohol Consumption. After 90 days of smoking cessation therapy, ATS values decreased with the change in ATS score being highly correlated with change in cg05575921 smoking intensity (adjusted R2 = 0.60), regardless of whether or not the subject managed to completely quit smoking. We conclude that alcohol consumption significantly decreases in response to successful smoking cessation. Further studies to determine whether targeted therapy focused on comorbid alcohol use increases the success of smoking cessation in those with dual use should be explored.
Large-Scale Whole Genome Sequencing Study Reveals Genetic Architecture and Key Variants for Breast Muscle Weight in Native Chickens
Authors: Tan Xiaodong , Liu Lu , Liu Xiaojing , Cui Huanxian , Liu Ranran , Zhao Guiping , Wen Jie
Published: December 2021

Breast muscle weight (BrW) is one of the most important economic traits in chicken, and directional breeding for that results in both phenotypic and genetic changes. The Jingxing yellow chicken, including an original (without human-driven selection) line and a selected line (based on selection for increased intramuscular fat content), were used to dissect the genetic architecture and key variants associated with BrW. We detected 1069 high-impact single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with high conserved score and significant frequency difference between two lines. Based on the annotation result, the ECM-receptor interaction and fatty acid biosynthesis were enriched, and muscle-related genes, including MYOD1, were detected. By performing genome-wide association study for the BrW trait, we defined a major haplotype and two conserved SNPs that affected BrW. By integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis, IGF2BP1 was identified as the crucial gene associated with BrW. In conclusion, these results offer a new insight into chicken directional selection and provide target genetic markers by which to improve chicken BrW.
Genetic Dissection of Temperament Personality Traits in Italian Isolates
Authors: Concas Maria Pina , Minelli Alessandra , Aere Susanna , Morgan Anna , Tesolin Paola , Gasparini Paolo , Gennarelli Massimo , Girotto Giorgia
Published: December 2021

Human personality (i.e., temperament and character) is a complex trait related to mental health, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Despite the efforts performed during the past decades, its genetic background is only just beginning to be identified. With the aim of dissecting the genetic basis of temperament, we performed a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory in 587 individuals belonging to different Italian genetic isolates. Data analysis led to the identification of four new genes associated with different temperament scales, such as Novelty Seeking (NS), Harm Avoidance (HA), and Reward Dependence (RD). In detail, we identified suggestive and significant associations between: MAGI2 (highest p-value = 9.14 × 10−8), a gene already associated with schizophrenia and depressive disorder, and the NS–Extravagance scale; CALCB (highest p-value = 4.34 × 10−6), a gene likely involved in the behavioral evolution from wild wolf to domestic dog, and the NS–Disorderliness scale; BTBD3 (highest p-value = 2.152 × 10−8), a gene already linked to obsessive–compulsive disorder, and the HA–Fatigability scale; PRKN (highest p-value = 8.27 × 10−9), a gene described for early onset Parkinson’s disease, and the RD scale. Our work provides new relevant insights into the genetics of temperament, helping to elucidate the molecular basis of psychiatric disorders.
WhatsApp in Clinical Practice—The Challenges of Record Keeping and Storage. A Scoping Review
Authors: Morris Christopher , Scott Richard E. , Mars Maurice
Published: December 2021

The use of WhatsApp in health care has increased, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is a need to safeguard electronic patient information when incorporating it into a medical record, be it electronic or paper based. The aim of this study was to review the literature on how clinicians who use WhatsApp in clinical practice keep medical records of the content of WhatsApp messages and how they store WhatsApp messages and/or attachments. A scoping review of nine databases sought evidence of record keeping or data storage related to use of WhatsApp in clinical practice up to 31 December 2020. Sixteen of 346 papers met study criteria. Most clinicians were aware that they must comply with statutory reporting requirements in keeping medical records of all electronic communications. However, this study showed a general lack of awareness or concern about flaunting existing privacy and security legislation. No clear mechanisms for record keeping or data storage of WhatsApp content were provided. In the absence of clear guidelines, problematic practices and workarounds have been created, increasing legal, regulatory and ethical concerns. There is a need to raise awareness of the problems clinicians face in meeting these obligations and to urgently provide viable guidance.
Perspectives on Social and Environmental Determinants of Oral Health
Authors: de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães , Cruz Alex Junio Silva , Borges-Oliveira Ana Cristina , Martins Renata de Castro , Mattos Flávio de Freitas
Published: December 2021

Most oral conditions have a multifactorial etiology; that is, they are modulated by biological, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. A consistent body of evidence has demonstrated the great burden of dental caries and periodontal disease in individuals from low socioeconomic strata. Oral health habits and access to care are influenced by the social determinants of health. Hence, the delivery of health promotion strategies at the population level has shown a great impact on reducing the prevalence of oral diseases. More recently, a growing discussion about the relationship between the environment, climate change, and oral health has been set in place. Certainly, outlining plans to address oral health inequities is not an easy task. It will demand political will, comprehensive funding of health services, and initiatives to reduce inequalities. This paper sought to give a perspective about the role of social and physical environmental factors on oral health conditions while discussing how the manuscripts published in this Special Issue could increase our knowledge of the topic.
Occupational Hearing Loss for Platinum Miners in South Africa: A Case Study of Data Sharing Practices and Ethical Challenges in the Mining Industry
Authors: Ntlhakana Liepollo , Nelson Gill , Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Dorkin Elton
Published: December 2021

Background: The relevant legislation ensures confidentiality and has paved the way for data handling and sharing. However, the industry remains uncertain regarding big data handling and sharing practices for improved healthcare delivery and medical research. Methods: A semi-qualitative cross-sectional study was used which entailed analysing miners’ personal health records from 2014 to 2018. Data were accessed from the audiometry medical surveillance database (n = 480), the hearing screening database (n = 24,321), and the occupational hygiene database (n = 15,769). Ethical principles were applied to demonstrate big data protection and sharing. Results: Some audiometry screening and occupational hygiene records were incomplete and/or inaccurate (N = 4675). The database containing medical disease and treatment records could not be accessed. Ethical challenges included a lack of clarity regarding permission rights when sharing big data, and no policy governing the divulgence of miners’ personal and medical records for research. Conclusion: This case study illustrates how research can be effectively, although not maliciously, obstructed by the strict protection of employee medical data. Clearly communicated company policies should be developed for the sharing of workers’ records in the mining industry to improve HCPs.
Everyday Lives of Middle-Aged Persons with Multimorbidity: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: González-González Ana Isabel , Brünn Robin , Nothacker Julia , Schwarz Christine , Nury Edris , Dinh Truc Sophia , Brueckle Maria-Sophie , Dieckelmann Mirjam , Müller Beate Sigrid , van den Akker Marjan
Published: December 2021

The healthcare burden of patients with multimorbidity may negatively affect their family lives, leisure time and professional activities. This mixed methods systematic review synthesizes studies to assess how multimorbidity affects the everyday lives of middle-aged persons, and identifies skills and resources that may help them overcome that burden. Two independent reviewers screened title/abstracts/full texts in seven databases, extracted data and used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess risk of bias (RoB). We synthesized findings from 44 studies (49,519 patients) narratively and, where possible, quantitatively. Over half the studies provided insufficient information to assess representativeness or response bias. Two studies assessed global functioning, 15 examined physical functioning, 18 psychosocial functioning and 28 work functioning. Nineteen studies explored skills and resources that help people cope with multimorbidity. Middle-aged persons with multimorbidity have greater impairment in global, physical and psychosocial functioning, as well as lower employment rates and work productivity, than those without. Certain skills and resources help them cope with their everyday lives. To provide holistic and dynamic health care plans that meet the needs of middle-aged persons, health professionals need greater understanding of the experience of coping with multimorbidity and the associated healthcare burden.
Hotel Guests’ Psychological Distance of Climate Change and Environment-Friendly Behavior Intention
Authors: Kim Wansoo , Che Chen , Jeong Chul
Published: December 2021

Climate change is certainly a global problem that negatively affects all nations, and thus all humans, on the globe. Nevertheless, little is known about people’s perceptions of climate change and its effects on people’s attitudinal and behavioral responses to climate change. The present study successfully addressed how hotel guests’ environment-friendly behavior intention is formed through their self-perception as a member of the global community and their psychological distance of climate change. An online survey was used to collect quantitative data from hotel guests to verify the hypotheses. Our test results supported all the hypotheses in our conceptual model. Consequently, the findings of this study satisfactorily explained how hotel guests form their intention to engage in environment-friendly behaviors while they are staying at hotels.
The Dynamics of Cross-Sector Collaboration in Centralized Disaster Governance: A Network Study of Interorganizational Collaborations during the MERS Epidemic in South Korea
Authors: Ku Minyoung , Han Ahreum , Lee Keon-Hyung
Published: December 2021

The debate continues as to which governance structure is most appropriate for collaborative disaster response, particularly between centralization and decentralization. This article aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the structural characteristics of a multisectoral network that emerged and evolved under strong state control during the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS) in South Korea. This study particularly focuses on the evolution of intra- and inter-sectoral collaboration ties in the network. The data for the study were collected through a content analysis of government documents and news articles. Using social network analysis, the authors found that the network evolved into a centralized structure around a small number of governmental organizations at the central level, organizing the ties between participating organizations rather hierarchically. The network displayed a preponderance of internal ties both among health and non-health organizations and among public and nonpublic health organizations, but under different influences of structural characteristics. This tendency was intensified during the peak period. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that the centralization of disaster management may not or only marginally be conducive to cross-sector collaboration during public health disasters, calling for a careful design of governance structures for disaster response.
Wheelchair Skills Test Outcomes across Multiple Wheelchair Skills Training Bootcamp Cohorts
Authors: Giesbrecht Edward
Published: December 2021

User training is a critical component of wheelchair service delivery to ensure individuals with a mobility impairment can negotiate environmental barriers and promote their social participation. A wheelchair “bootcamp”, delivered during professional preparation education, is one strategy to better prepare occupational therapists for clinical rehabilitation practice by developing their own wheelchair skills. The purpose of this study was a retrospective review of a large dataset of student cohorts from a single site and delineate bootcamp effects on the Wheelchair Skills Test-Questionnaire (WST-Q) scores. Participant data from eight cohorts was consolidated (n = 307). Comparison of two WST-Q scoring formats revealed significantly lower scores for cohorts using the 4-point version, which was subsequently standardized to the other 3-point version. WST-Q change scores were similar between cohorts, and differences were more reflective of variability in skill level prior to bootcamp than post-bootcamp scores. Students were able to master most basic and intermediate level skills, while advanced skill acquisition was much more variable. This study provides more precise point estimates of wheelchair skill acquisition among occupational therapy students than previous studies. While confirming the benefits of bootcamp education, recommendations for further investigation were identified.
Liberalization and Governance in the Geographical Distribution of Pharmacies in Spain
Authors: Miramontes Carballada Ángel , Lois-González Rubén C.
Published: December 2021

The Health system in Spain is considered one of the most valued public services by the population. In fact, during the first decade of the 21st century, Spain became a health tourism destination for people from central and northern European countries. In addition to the health infrastructure, the quality of medical and nursing care stands out. Something similar also happens with the Spanish pharmaceutical system. However, there are some characteristics that should be addressed from a Geography perspective. The pharmacies’ legal system does not consider them to be of public interest. One is when some of the main activities are the sale and distribution of medicines that are partially paid for by the Administration, that is, Social Security. In the same activity, the public function is combined with the private interests of the pharmacy owners to provide a balanced territorial service. One of the conclusions demonstrates how the borders that are sometimes created by the Administration are not always the most efficient in relation to the characteristics of the territory, nor do they provide the best service to the population and, therefore, create territorial imbalances within a country. To reach our conclusions, we carried out an exhaustive study of the pharmacy legislation in the EU and in Spain, as well as Geography of Health and theories of territorial location. We combined this information with statistics on the territorial characteristics of Spain. This allowed us to confirm the peculiarities that exist within the governance of the distribution of pharmacy offices in Spain.
Health Disparities and Climate Change: The Intersection of Three Disaster Events on Vulnerable Communities in Houston, Texas
Authors: Adepoju Omolola E. , Han Daikwon , Chae Minji , Smith Kendra L. , Gilbert Lauren , Choudhury Sumaita , Woodard LeChauncy
Published: December 2021

Although evidence suggests that successive climate disasters are on the rise, few studies have documented the disproportionate impacts on communities of color. Through the unique lens of successive disaster events (Hurricane Harvey and Winter Storm Uri) coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed disaster exposure in minority communities in Harris County, Texas. A mixed methods approach employing qualitative and quantitative designs was used to examine the relationships between successive disasters (and the role of climate change), population geography, race, and health disparities-related outcomes. This study identified four communities in the greater Houston area with predominantly non-Hispanic African American residents. We used data chronicling the local community and environment to build base maps and conducted spatial analyses using Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. We complemented these data with focus groups to assess participants’ experiences in disaster planning and recovery, as well as community resilience. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns. Across all four communities, we observed significant Hurricane Harvey flooding and significantly greater exposure to 10 of the 11 COVID-19 risk factors examined, compared to the rest of the county. Spatial analyses reveal higher disease burden, greater social vulnerability, and significantly higher community-level risk factors for both pandemics and disaster events in the four communities, compared to all other communities in Harris County. Two themes emerged from thematic data analysis: (1) Prior disaster exposure prepared minority populations in Harris County to better handle subsequent disaster suggesting enhanced disaster resilience, and (2) social connectedness was key to disaster resiliency. Long-standing disparities make people of color at greater risk for social vulnerability. Addressing climate change offers the potential to alleviate these health disparities.
A Retrospective Outbreak Investigation of a COVID-19 Case Cluster in a Berlin Kindergarten, November 2020
Authors: Ruf Sebastian , Hommes Franziska , van Loon Welmoed , Seybold Joachim , Kurth Tobias , Mall Marcus A. , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Theuring Stefanie
Published: December 2021

While SARS-CoV-2 infection activity in German kindergartens during the first year of the pandemic appeared to be overall low, outbreaks did occur. We retrospectively investigated an outbreak in November and December 2020 in a Berlin kindergarten participating in the Berlin Corona School and Kindergarten Study (BECOSS). Interviews were conducted with affected families regarding symptomatology, contact persons and possible sources of infection, as well as relevant information on the conditions on-site and infection prevention measures. A chronology of the outbreak was elaborated, and based on data on contacts and symptoms, we mapped the most likely chains of infection. Overall, 24 individuals, including ten educators, seven children, and seven household members, were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a four-week time interval. Courses of infection ranged from asymptomatic to severe, with children less affected by symptoms. Viral spread within the facility seemed to occur mainly through kindergarten staff, while children primarily transmitted infections within their families. Interviewees reported that hygiene measures were not always adhered to inside the facility. To prevent outbreaks in kindergartens, especially in the light of current and newly emerging viral variants of concern, strict compliance to hygiene rules, staff vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2, and immediate reaction to suspected cases by quarantining and frequent testing seem reasonable measures.
Multiple Stakeholder Interaction to Enhance Preservice Teachers’ Language Assessment Literacy
Authors: Lee Jiyoon , Butler Yuko Goto , Peng Xiaolin
Published: December 2021

Conducted in a U.S. English-to-Speakers-of-Other-Languages (ESOL) preservice teacher education program, this case study aimed to explore a dynamic process of preservice teachers’ development of language assessment literacy (LAL). By inviting multiple stakeholders, namely preservice teachers, an inservice teacher and her ESOL students, and their course instructor, this study closely examined the interaction among the stakeholders during a semester-long language assessment development project as a process to develop LAL. The project, which was composed of planning, development, implementation, and reflection stages, was innovative in that it: (a) involved the multiple stakeholders; (b) focused on their dynamic interactions and multi-directional influences on all the participants’ enhancement of LAL; and (c) was conducted in an online format. By employing thematic analyses on interactions among the stakeholders, this study described and analyzed how preservice teachers contextualize their assessment while negotiating the needs of the inservice teachers and their students with assistance from the course instructor. The paper identified practical benefits and challenges of professional training where multiple stakeholders are involved. It also highlighted the non-linear dynamic process of preservice teachers’ development of LAL.
Dental Implants Inserted in Fresh Extraction Sockets versus Healed Sites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Adam , Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos
Published: December 2021

The present review aimed to evaluate the difference of dental implant failure rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) between implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets or healed sites. Electronic search was undertaken in three databases, plus manual search of journals, including studies randomized or not. Meta-analyses were performed besides meta-regressions, in order to verify how the odds ratio (OR) and MBL were associated with follow-up time. The review included 163 publications. Altogether, there were 17,278 and 38,738 implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites, respectively. Pairwise meta-analyses showed that implants in sockets had a higher failure risk in comparison to healed sites: OR 1.349, all studies included; OR 2.070, only prospective non-RCTs; OR 2.487, only RCTs (all p < 0.001). The difference in implant failure between the groups was statistically significant in the maxilla (OR 1.616, p = 0.029), but not in the mandible (OR 2.192, p = 0.075). The MBL mean difference (MD) between the groups was −0.053 mm (p = 0.089). There was an estimated decrease of 0.003 in OR (p = 0.284) and an increase of 0.006 mm (p = 0.036) in the MBL MD between groups for every additional month of follow-up. In conclusion, implants placed in fresh extraction sockets present higher risk of failure than implants placed in healed sites.
Spent Graphite from End-of-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) as a Promising Nanoadditive to Boost Road Pavement Performance
Authors: Nciri Nader , Kim Namho , Cho Namjun
Published: December 2021

To take swift action towards tackling the global pollution crisis of discarded lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) while reinforcing road structures, this investigation was undertaken. The influence of various proportions of spent graphite (e.g., 5, 10, and 15 wt.% SG), harvested from end-of-life LIBs, on the performance of base AP-5 asphalt cement was studied. Multiple laboratory techniques have been employed to characterize the internal physiochemical interaction between the additive and the binder. These techniques include: elemental analysis (EA), thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), empirical test methods (e.g., penetration, softening point, viscosity, and ductility), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), and multiple stress-creep recovery (MSCR). Prior to aging, SARA analysis demonstrated that the incremental SG addition into the AP-5 bitumen reduced the contents of saturates, aromatics, and resins, and increased the proportion of asphaltenes. After aging, the saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons kept decreasing; however, the resins increased and the asphaltenes declined. Accordingly, this has brought a progressive shift tendency in the stable–colloidal system for all binders from sol-state towards sol-gel-state. FT-IR scan revealed that the SG has no apparent chemical interaction with the binder, and is endowed solely with filling effects. XRD diagnosis highlighted that the steady SG incorporation into the binder amplified its crystallinity; thereby boosting the thermomechanical properties of mastics. SEM imaging unveiled that the lower-dose of SG exhibited higher compatibility within the bitumen matrix; nevertheless, the intermediate/higher-doses made the binder body relatively rougher. DSR/MSCR/conventional tests indicated that when the asphalt is blended with the graphitic powder under unaged/aged conditions, it becomes stiffer, more viscous, and less cohesive; thereby rendering it more resistant to deformation but not to cracking. In summary, it is promisingly proven that the SG could be successfully used as an asphalt additive and could be beneficial for improving paving performance and mitigating the pollution caused by dead LIBs as well.
A Fully 3D-Printed Steerable Instrument for Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Culmone Costanza , Lussenburg Kirsten , Alkemade Joost , Smit Gerwin , Sakes Aimée , Breedveld Paul
Published: December 2021

In the field of medical instruments, additive manufacturing allows for a drastic reduction in the number of components while improving the functionalities of the final design. In addition, modifications for users’ needs or specific procedures become possible by enabling the production of single customized items. In this work, we present the design of a new fully 3D-printed handheld steerable instrument for laparoscopic surgery, which was mechanically actuated using cables. The pistol-grip handle is based on ergonomic principles and allows for single-hand control of both grasping and omnidirectional steering, while compliant joints and snap-fit connectors enable fast assembly and minimal part count. Additive manufacturing allows for personalization of the handle to each surgeon’s needs by adjusting specific dimensions in the CAD model, which increases the user’s comfort during surgery. Testing showed that the forces on the instrument handle required for steering and grasping were below 15 N, while the grasping force efficiency was calculated to be 10–30%. The instrument combines the advantages of additive manufacturing with regard to personalization and simplified assembly, illustrating a new approach to the design of advanced surgical instruments where the customization for a single procedure or user’s need is a central aspect.
A Ru/RuO2-Doped TiO2 Nanotubes as pH Sensors for Biomedical Applications: The Effect of the Amount and Oxidation of Deposited Ru on the Electrochemical Response
Authors: Macháčková Nikola , Jírů Jitřenka , Hybášek Vojtěch , Fojt Jaroslav
Published: December 2021

In the field of orthopedic or dental implants, titanium and its alloys are most commonly used because of their excellent mechanical and corrosion properties and good biocompatibility. After implantation into the patient’s body, there is a high risk of developing bacterial inflammation, which negatively affects the surrounding tissues and the implant itself. Early detection of inflammation could be done with a pH sensor. In this work, pH-sensitive systems based on TiO2-Ru and TiO2-RuO2 combinations were fabricated and investigated. As a base material, Ti-6Al-4V alloy nanostructured by anodic oxidation was used. Ruthenium was successfully deposited on nanotubular TiO2 using cyclic polarization, galvanostatic and potentiostatic mode. Potentiostatic mode proved to be the most suitable. The selected samples were oxidized by cyclic polarization to form a TiO2-RuO2 system. The success of the oxidation was confirmed by XPS analysis. The electrochemical response of the systems to pH change was measured in saline solution using different techniques. The measurement of open circuit potential showed that unoxidized samples (TiO2-Ru) exhibited sub-Nernstian behavior (39.2 and 35.8 mV/pH). The oxidized sample (TiO2-RuO2) containing the highest amount of Ru exhibited super-Nernstian behavior (67.3 mV/pH). The Mott–Schottky analysis proved to be the best method. The use of the electrochemical impedance method can also be considered, provided that greater stability of the samples is achieved.
Investigation of Biocompatible PEO Coating Growth on cp-Ti with In Situ Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Aubakirova Veta , Farrakhov Ruzil , Sharipov Arseniy , Polyakova Veronika , Parfenova Lyudmila , Parfenov Evgeny
Published: December 2021

The problem of the optimization of properties for biocompatible coatings as functional materials requires in-depth understanding of the coating formation processes; this allows for precise manufacturing of new generation implantable devices. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) opens the possibility for the design of biomimetic surfaces for better biocompatibility of titanium materials. The pulsed bipolar PEO process of cp-Ti under voltage control was investigated using joint analysis of the surface characterization and by in situ methods of impedance spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, coating thickness, and roughness measurements were used to characterize the surface morphology evolution during the treatment for 5 min. In situ impedance spectroscopy facilitated the evaluation of the PEO process frequency response and proposed the underlying equivalent circuit where parameters were correlated with the coating layer properties. In situ optical emission spectroscopy helped to analyze the spectral line evolutions for the substrate material and electrolyte species and to justify a method to estimate the coating thickness via the relation of the spectral line intensities. As a result, the optimal treatment time was established as 2 min; this provides a 9–11 µm thick PEO coating with Ra 1 µm, 3–5% porosity, and containing 75% of anatase. The methods for in-situ spectral diagnostics of the coating thickness and roughness were justified so that the treatment time can be corrected online when the coating achieves the required properties.
Metal-Organic Framework Reinforced Acrylic Polymer Marine Coatings
Authors: Seo Hwawon , Lee Inwon , Vadahanambi Sridhar , Park Hyun
Published: December 2021

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of crystalline, porous, 3D materials synthesized by the linking of metal nodes and organic linkers are rapidly emerging as attractive materials in gas storage, electrodes in batteries, super-capacitors, sensors, water treatment, and medicine etc. However the utility of MOFs in coatings, especially in marine coatings, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this manuscript we report the first study on silver MOF (Ag-MOF) functionalized acrylic polymers for marine coatings. A simple and rapid microwave technique was used to synthesize a two-dimensional platelet structured Ag-MOF. Field tests on the MOF reinforced marine coatings exhibited an antifouling performance, which can be attributed to the inhibition of marine organisms to settle as evidenced by the anti-bacterial activity of Ag-MOFs. Our results indicate that MOF based coatings are highly promising candidates for marine coatings.
Investigation on Rheological Properties of Water-Based Novel Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids Using Experimental and Taguchi Method
Authors: Mohammed Zayan Jalal , Rasheed Abdul Khaliq , John Akbar , Khalid Mohammad , Ismail Ahmad Faris , Aabid Abdul , Baig Muneer
Published: December 2021

This study presents the rheological behavior of water-based GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag ternary-hybrid nanofluids. The impact of nanoparticles’ volumetric concentration and temperature on the rheological properties were studied. All experiments were performed under temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 °C in the solid volume concentration range of 0.5–0.00005%. The data optimization technique was adopted using the Taguchi method. The types of nanomaterials, concentration, temperature, and shear rate were chosen to optimize the viscosity and shear stress. The effect of shear stress, angular sweep, frequency sweep, and damping factor ratio is plotted. The experimental results demonstrated that the rheological properties of the ternary hybrid nanofluid depend on the ternary hybrid nanofluid’s temperature. The viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNf) change by 40% for GO-TiO2-Ag and 33% for rGO-TiO2-Ag when temperature and shear rates are increased. All the ternary hybrid nanofluids demonstrated non-Newtonian behavior at lower concentrations and higher shear stress, suggesting a potential influence of nanoparticle aggregation on the viscosity. The dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluid increased with enhancing solid particles’ volume concentration and temperature.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Parathyroid Gland Lesions
Authors: Pavlovics Sergejs , Radzina Maija , Niciporuka Rita , Ratniece Madara , Mikelsone Madara , Tauvena Elina , Liepa Mara , Prieditis Peteris , Ozolins Arturs , Gardovskis Janis , Narbuts Zenons
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives: preoperative differentiation of enlarged parathyroid glands may be challenging in conventional B-mode ultrasound. The aim of our study was to analyse qualitative and quantitative characteristics of parathyroid gland lesions, using multiparametric ultrasound protocol—B-mode, Colour Doppler (CD), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)—and to evaluate correlation with morphology in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Materials and Methods: consecutive 75 patients with 88 parathyroid lesions and biochemically confirmed HPT prior to parathyroidectomy were enrolled in the prospective study. B-mode ultrasound, CD, and CEUS were performed with the subsequent qualitative and quantitative evaluation of acquired data. We used 1 mL or 2 mL of intravenous ultrasound contrast agent during the CEUS examination. Correlation with post-surgical morphology was evaluated. Results: seventy parathyroid adenomas were hypoechoic and well contoured with increased central echogenicity (44.3%), peripheral-central vascularization (47%), and polar feeding vessel (100%). Twelve hyperplasias presented with similar ultrasound appearance and were smaller in volume (p = 0.036). Hyperplasias had a tendency for homogenous, marked intense enhancement vs. peripherally enhanced adenomas with central wash-out in CEUS after quantitative analysis. No significant difference was observed in contrasting dynamics, regardless of contrast media volume use (1 mL vs. 2 mL). We achieved 90.9% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity, 93% positive predictive value (PPV), 87.3% negative predictive value (NPV), and 87.3% accuracy in the differentiation of parathyroid lesions prior to post-processing. In a quantitative lesion analysis, our sensitivity increased up to 98%, specificity 80%, PPV 98%, and NPV 80% with an accuracy of 96.4%. Conclusions: CEUS of parathyroid lesions shows potential in the differentiation of adenoma from hyperplasia, regardless of the amount of contrast media injected. The quantitative analysis improved the sensitivity and specificity of differentiation between parathyroid lesions. Hyperplasia was characterized by homogeneous enhancement, fast uptake, and homogeneous wash-out appearance; adenoma—by peripheral uptake, central wash-out, and reduced hemodynamics. The use of CEUS quantification methods are advised to improve the ultrasound diagnostic role in suspected parathyroid lesions.
Aquilaria Species (Thymelaeaceae) Distribution, Volatile and Non-Volatile Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Uses, Agarwood Grading System, and Induction Methods
Authors: Wang Yichen , Hussain Mubasher , Jiang Zhenbin , Wang Zhaohong , Gao Jing , Ye Fengxian , Mao Runqian , Li He
Published: December 2021

Agarwood is a highly valuable fragrant wood of Aquilaria spp. (Thymelaeaceae) which has been widely utilized in traditional medicine, religious rites, and cultural activities. This study summarizes a review on the identification of Aquilaria cultivars, volatile and non-volatile phytochemicals, pharmacological uses, and agarwood grading system to determine its quality, and different agarwood induction methods. Due to the highly demanding and depleted natural resources, the research on agarwood is still insufficient, and it has broad research and development prospects in many industries. However, due to the significant scientific nature of agarwood application, developing high-quality products and drugs from agarwood have become highly important, while no one has discussed in detail the phytochemicals uses and provided a summary until now. The main phytochemicals of agarwood include terpenoids, dominated by sesquiterpenes. For centuries, terpenoids have been used in traditional Chinese medicine and have been shown to possess various pharmacological properties, including bacteriostatic, antibacterial, sedation, analgesia, anti-inflammation, anti-asthmatic, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, and many others. Alongside biological activity screening, phytochemical advances and pharmacological research have also made certain progress. Therefore, this review discusses the research progress of agarwood in recent years and provides a reference basis for further study of Aquilaria plants and agarwood.
Three New Isoprenylated Flavones from Artocarpus chama Stem and Their Bioactivities
Authors: Dej-adisai Sukanya , Parndaeng Kedsaraporn , Wattanapiromsakul Chatchai , Hwang Jae Sung
Published: December 2021

Phytochemical investigation of Artocarpus chama stem was performed by chromatographic techniques, resulting from the isolation and structure elucidation of three new compounds, namely 3′-farnesyl-apigenin (1), 3-(hydroxyprenyl) isoetin (2), and 3-prenyl-5,7,2′,5′-tetrahydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (3), and five known compounds, namely homoeriodictyol (4), isocycloartobilo-xanthone (5), artocarpanone (6), naringenin (7), and artocarpin (8). From the screening result, A. chama extract showed a potent tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Ihe isolated compounds 1, 4 and 6 also exhibited tyrosinase inhibition with IC50 of 135.70, 52.18, and 38.78 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 showed strong activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes. This study is the first report on phytochemical investigation with new compounds and biological activities of A. chama. Skin infection can cause dark spots or hyperpigmentation. The isolated compounds that showed both anityrosinase and antimicrobial activities will be further studied in in vivo and clinical trials in order to develop treatment for hyperpigmentation, which is caused by infectious diseases by microorganisms.
Perfluorination of Aromatic Compounds Reinforce Their van der Waals Interactions with Rare Gases: The Rotational Spectrum of Pentafluoropyridine-Ne
Authors: Macario Alberto , Blanco Susana , Alkorta Ibon , López Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

The rotational spectrum of the pentafluoropyridine-Ne complex, generated in a supersonic jet, has been investigated using chirped-pulse microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy in the 2–8 GHz range. The spectra of the 20Ne and 22Ne species have been observed, and the rotational constants have been used to determine the structure of the complex. This structure, and those of the previously experimentally studied complexes benzene-Ne and pyridine-Ne, are an excellent benchmark for the theoretical calculations on these adducts. These complexes and hexafluorobenzene-Ne have been investigated at the CCSD/6-311++G(2d,p) level. The calculations reproduce the experimental structures well and show how the van der Waals complexes are stronger for the perfluorinated compound.