bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From propensity to action: exploring gender and cognitive influences on Informal Investment Intentions
Authors: Singh Vandana , Khan Nawab Ali , Bhat Mohd Nadeem
Published: December 2024

This study explores the factors influencing Informal Investment Intentions among potential investors, focusing on Risk Propensity and Subjective Norms. It examines the mediating effect of Entrepreneurial Alertness and the moderating role of gender, aiming to understand how these elements shape investment decisions among management students in India. A survey-based cross-sectional research design is followed to evaluate a 340 cross-sectional sample. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database, SEM, and the PROCESS macro have been utilized to understand the synchronization between the variables. CFA, RMSEA, GFI, and TLI tests are employed to check the fitness and validity of the model, and CMB, together with PFA, have been applied for variance testing. The study found that Subjective Norms significantly influence Informal Investment Intentions, mediated by Entrepreneurial Alertness. Gender exuberates the relationship between Risk Propensity and Informal Investment Intentions through Self-Efficacy, with stronger effects observed among male students. Findings offer insights for policymakers and educators to design interventions fostering Informal Investment Intentions by enhancing Entrepreneurial Alertness and addressing gender-specific differences, particularly among management students. This study adds to the literature by examining gender's moderating role in the relationship between Risk Propensity and Informal Investment Intentions, providing a nuanced understanding of informal investment behavior in an Indian context.
Autoimmune mechanisms in Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes: a systematic review
Authors: Oshomoji O. I. , Ajiroba J. O. , Semudara S. O. , Olayemi M. A. , Adeoye S. O.
Published: December 2024

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by acute onset of motor weakness, often following an infectious illness. The pathophysiology of GBS involves a multifaceted interplay between immune mechanisms and environmental factors, leading to demyelination or axonal degeneration. This systematic review aims to elucidate the autoimmune mechanisms underlying the various subtypes of GBS, including acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). A thorough literature search identified 71 studies published between 2010 and 2024 that provided insights into the immunopathological features, clinical implications, and future directions for research. Key findings indicate that specific autoantibodies, such as anti-GM1 and anti-GQ1b, are associated with distinct subtypes of GBS, contributing to the disease’s heterogeneity. Understanding these autoimmune mechanisms is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic indicators in GBS. This review highlights significant gaps in current research, emphasizing the need for further studies to explore the genetic and environmental factors that influence GBS susceptibility and the role of vaccinations in triggering autoimmune responses. 

Trial registration

PROSPERO CRD42024606718.
DeepDoublet identifies neighboring cell-dependent gene expression
Authors: Liao Linbu , Kim Junyoung , Cho Kanghee , Kim Junil , Lim Byung-Kwan , Won Kyoung Jae
Published: December 2024

Cells interact with each other for proper function and homeostasis. Often, co-expression of ligand-receptor pairs from the single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) has been used to identify interacting cell types. Recently, RNA sequencing of physically interacting multi-cells has been used to identify interacting cell types without relying on co-expression of ligand-receptor pairs. This opens a new avenue to study the expression of interacting cell types. We present DeepDoublet, a deep-learning-based tool to decompose the transcriptome of physically interacting two cells (or doublet) into two sets of transcriptome. Applying DeepDoublet to the doublets of hepatocyte and liver endothelial cells (LECs), we successfully decomposed into the transcriptome of each cell type. Especially, DeepDoublet identified specific expression of hepatocytes when they are interacting with LECs. Among them was Angptl3 which has a role in blood vessel formation. DeepDoublet is a tool to identify neighboring cell-dependent gene expression.
Long-term ambient air pollution and the risk of major mental disorder: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Pan Chuyu , Cheng Bolun , Cheng Shiqiang , Liu Li , Yang Xuena , Meng Peilin , Qi Xin , Zhang Na , Qin Xiaoyue , He Dan , Wei Wenming , Hui Jingni , Wen Yan , Jia Yumeng , Liu Huan , Zhang Feng
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite growing awareness of the mental health damage caused by air pollution, the epidemiologic evidence on impact of air pollutants on major mental disorders (MDs) remains limited. We aim to explore the impact of various air pollutants on the risk of major MD.

Methods

This prospective study analyzed data from 170 369 participants without depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia at baseline. The concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 μm, and ≤ 10 μm (PM2.5–10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated using land-use regression models. The association between air pollutants and incident MD was investigated by Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 9 004 participants developed MD. Exposure to air pollution in the highest quartile significantly increased the risk of MD compared with the lowest quartile: PM2.5 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.23), NO2 (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.19), and NO (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17). Subgroup analysis showed that participants with lower income were more likely to experience MD when exposed to air pollution. We also observed joint effects of socioeconomic status or genetic risk with air pollution on the MD risk. For instance, the HR of individuals with the highest genetic risk and highest quartiles of PM2.5 was 1.63 (95% CI: 1.46–1.81) compared to those with the lowest genetic risk and lowest quartiles of PM2.5.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of air pollution control in alleviating the burden of MD.
Anisotropic plasmons in threefold Hopf semimetals
Authors: Ahn Seongjin
Published: December 2024

Threefold Hopf semimetals are a novel type of topological semimetals that possess an internal anisotropy characterized by a dipolar structure of the Berry curvature and an isotropic energy band structure consisting of a Dirac cone and a flat band. In this study, we theoretically investigate the impact of internal anisotropy on plasmons in threefold Hopf semimetals using random-phase approximation. In contrast to the classical intuition that isotropy of the energy band dispersion leads to isotropic plasmons in the classical regime (i.e., in the wavelength limit), we find that plasmons in threefold Hopf semimetals exhibit notable anisotropy even in the long-wavelength limit. We derive an explicit analytical form of the long-wavelength plasmon frequency, and numerically demonstrate the validity of our results in a wide range of situations. Our work reveals that the anisotropy of long-wavelength plasmons can reach 25%, making it experimentally observable.
CD34+ Orbital Fibroblasts Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Thyroid Eye Disease via miR-182-5p
Authors: Yu Baiguang , Wang Yi , Jin Jun , Liu Jin , Huang Yazhuo , Wang Yang , Zhu Chenfang , Li Yinwei , Li Bin , Sun Jing , Li Dan , Fang Sijie , Zhou Huifang
Published: December 2024

Context

CD34+ orbital fibroblasts (OFs) play a pathogenic role in thyroid eye disease (TED). Several micro (mi)RNAs have been shown to promote TED progression.

Objective

This study aims to explore the regulatory effects of miRNAs on CD34+ OFs and to find potential therapeutic targets.

Methods

In this case-control study, orbital connective tissues (OCTs) and OFs were obtained from 25 TED patients and 24 healthy donors. MiRNA-seq was performed to examine differential expression of miRNAs in OCTs, and miR-182-5p was selected for subsequent experiments. MiR-182-5p was detected both in CD34+ and CD34− OFs. The upstream regulators of miR-182-5p were studied. Downstream targets of miR-182-5p were analyzed. The functionality of miR-182-5p in CD34+ OFs was evaluated.

Results

MiR-182-5p was highly expressed in TED OCTs and their derived CD34+ OFs. TED OCTs displayed increased expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, CD34, and phosphorylated STAT3 at Ser727 and Tyr705. Activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling promoted the expression of miR-182-5p in CD34+ OFs. MiR-182-5p enhanced wound repair ability, proliferation, and RANTES expression while inhibiting apoptosis in CD34+ OFs. CD34+ OFs transfected with miR-182-5p were susceptible to TGF-β-initiated myofibroblast differentiation. Luciferase reporter and pull-down assays revealed Smad7 as the downstream target of miR-182-5p, which modulated the proliferation, migration, fibrosis, and apoptosis of CD34+ OFs.

Conclusion

The IL-6/STAT3/miR-182-5p pathway led to activation of CD34+ OFs. MiR-182-5p promoted the proliferation, migration, fibrosis, and anti-apoptosis of CD34+ OFs via targeting Smad7. Our findings suggest that miR-182-5p may potentially serve as a therapeutic target for TED.
Point-Counterpoint Debate: Surgery vs Medical Treatment for the Management of Obesity
Authors: Schauer Philip R , Rothberg Amy E
Published: December 2024

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition with severe health risks and a huge economic burden. Effective interventions for severe obesity include bariatric or metabolic surgery and high-intensity medical management involving lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy. This article summarizes the debate between Drs. Schauer and Rothberg at the June 2024 Endocrine Society meeting regarding the optimal approach to managing obesity, exploring mechanisms, outcomes, safety, quality-of-life, and cost-effectiveness.

Metabolic surgery results in substantial and sustained weight loss, improvements in comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, and reduced mortality, and it is cost-effective. However, it carries risks associated with surgery and long-term complications, and its high upfront costs limit its scalability. Conversely, high-intensity medical management, which includes comprehensive lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy, leads to meaningful, though sometimes less substantial, weight loss and health improvements. The latter approach prioritizes behavioral changes and is cost-effective but requires patient adherence and faces challenges with medication side effects and costs.

Both interventions offer substantial health benefits; the choice between them should consider individual patient needs, health status, target weight loss, and personal preferences. Metabolic surgery may be more suitable for individuals with severe obesity or when comorbidities are inadequately controlled, whereas medical management may be more suited to patients with less severe obesity and those preferring nonsurgical options.

Future research should investigate the combined effects of surgery and medical management and enhance access to and affordability of these treatments. A multidisciplinary, personalized approach will likely yield the best outcomes in managing this complex health issue.
A Validated Trigonelline-Based Method for the Standardization and Quality Control of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Authors: Aldholmi Mohammed , Ahmad Rizwan , Hago Salma , Alabduallah Ali
Published: December 2024

Background Fenugreek, or Trigonella foenum-graecum L, is an edible and medicinal plant of the Fabaceae family. Fenugreek seeds are rich in proteins, lipids, and essential nutrients, and they also contain various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, steroidal saponins, coumarin, and alkaloids such as trigonelline. Trigonelline (TG) is a bioactive plant alkaloid initially extracted from fenugreek seeds. A substantial portion of fenugreek’s health benefits may rely on the presence of TG. This study addresses the critical need for a fast, green, and economical method that overcomes inefficiencies, high solvent usage, and sensitivity limitations in the quantification of TG. Methods Fenugreek seeds from various origins were extracted using three green solvents: acetone (ACt), ethanol (EtOH), and water (H2O). The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated using a green mobile phase of H2O: EtOH, and an r2-value of 0.999 in the linearity range of 0.1-500 ppb was adopted. The method was validated with an accuracy of 98.6% for trace analysis of TG using a small amount (10 mg) of fenugreek samples from five different origins. Results The average extract yield was 5.36 mg/100 mg with a standard deviation (SD) of 6.3, with the highest extract yield observed in H2O. The ESI (+ve) of the UPLC-MS/MS resulted in the fragmentation pattern (m/z) 138→94.10→92.05→78.20. The TG quantification revealed an average TG concentration of 181.4 ppb (SD = 176.4), with the highest amount of TG in H2O extract (mean = 392.7, SD = 132.4 ppb), followed by EtOH (mean = 91.9, SD = 83.3 ppb) and ACt (mean = 59.5, SD = 30.9 ppb). The TG amount observed in the validation step substantiated the efficiency and reproducibility of the developed method. Conclusions The method may be used as an effective tool for a green, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly extraction and quantification of TG in diverse matrices of pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, herbal, and food products.
Unpacking WHO and CDC Bottle Bioassay Methods: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Protocol Analysis Revealing Key Outcome Predictors
Authors: Praulins Giorgio , Murphy-Fegan Annabel , Gillespie Jack , Mechan Frank , Gleave Katherine , Lees Rosemary
Published: December 2024

Background Resistance monitoring is a key element in controlling vector-borne diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have each developed bottle bioassay methods for determining insecticide susceptibility in mosquito vectors which are used globally. Methods This study aimed to identify variations in bottle bioassay methodologies and assess the potential impact on the data that is generated. Our approach involved a systematic examination of existing literature and protocols from WHO and CDC, with a focus on the specifics of reported methodologies, variation between versions, and reported outcomes. Building on this, we experimentally evaluated the impact of several variables on bioassay results. Results Our literature review exposed a significant inconsistency in the how bioassay methods are reported, hindering reliable interpretation of data and the ability to compare results between studies. The experimental research provided further insight by specifically identifying two key factors that influence the outcomes of bioassays: mosquito dry weight and relative humidity (RH). This finding not only advances our comprehension of these assays but also underscores the importance of establishing precisely defined methodologies for resistance monitoring. The study also demonstrates the importance of controlling bioassay variables, noting the significant influence of wing length, as an indicator of mosquito size, on mortality rates in standardized bioassays. Conclusions Generating data with improved protocol consistency and precision will not only deepen our understanding of resistance patterns but also better inform vector control measures. We call for continued research and collaboration to refine and build consensus on bioassay techniques, to help bolster the global effort against vector-borne diseases like malaria.
Thermal efficiency dataset around Cuban seas (TEDACS)
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro , Abreu Melissa , Reyes Dailin , Abreu Melany , Varona Humberto L. , Noriega Carlos , Calzada Amilcar , Araujo Moacyr
Published: December 2024

Currently, the generation of electrical energy in Cuba is supported by oil and natural gas. These sources, as it is known, are directly linked to large emissions of pollutants that are released into the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new energy options that are directed towards sustainable development, allowing the preservation of natural ecosystems. Owing to the location and geographical characteristics of Cuba, it is necessary to assess the energy possibilities of the seas that surround it and to search for the most feasible areas to obtain energy from the sea temperature. This renewable energy source, in addition to being used to generate electricity, can also be used in derived technologies, such as desalination, refrigeration, and aquaculture. Hence, a dataset is presented with the calculation of the Carnot thermal efficiency for the exploitation of thermal energy from the sea, which is based on the thermal gradient between the sea potential temperatures between the shore and the level of depth being analyzed. Outputs of 27 years of daily data from the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS) GLOBAL_MULTIYEAR_PHY_001_030 product with a spatial resolution of 1/12° were used. The calculation was made using a Python script of the daily thermal efficiency at depths of 763, 902, and 1062 m, these depths belong to the depth levels of the model output data used according to the depth ranges that traditionally are studied for the exploitation of sea thermal energy. In this way, 27 files of each level were generated for a total of 81 files in text format separated by commas. Each file is presented with the date, level, coordinates, and thermal efficiency. The dataset is available from the Science Data Bank repository (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.10037).
Mapping leadership and communities in EU-funded research through network analysis
Authors: Morea Fabio , Soraci Alberto , De Stefano Domenico
Published: December 2024

Background Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe are flagship programs of the European Union aimed at supporting research and innovation, fostering collaboration among companies, academic institutions, and research organizations. Comprehensive data on projects, objectives, participants, funding details, and results of Horizon projects is available through the open access portal CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service). This paper introduces a novel methodology for utilizing CORDIS data to reveal collaborations, leadership roles, and their evolution over time. The case study focuses on the “hydrogen energy” sector, and specifically on the North Adriatic Hydrogen Valley project. Methods The methodology is based on network analysis. Data is downloaded from the CORDIS portal, enriched, segmented by year and transformed into weighted networks representing collaborations between organizations. Centrality measures are used to assess the influence of individual organizations, while community detection algorithms is used to identify stable collaborations. Temporal analysis tracks the evolution of these roles and communities over time. To ensure robust and reliable results, the methodology addresses challenges such as input-ordering bias and result variability, while the exploration of the solution space enhances the accuracy of identified collaboration patterns. Results A case study focusing on Horizon projects in the hydrogen energy sector demonstrates the application of this methodology, revealing the emergence of key leaders and stable communities, and highlighting significant collaboration within the sector. Conclusions The proposed methodology effectively identifies influential organizations and tracks the stability of research collaborations. The insights gained are valuable for policy-makers and organizations seeking to foster innovation through sustained partnerships. This approach can be extended to other sectors, offering a framework for understanding the impact of EU research funding on collaboration and leadership dynamics.
Extraction of E171 or E172 food additives from sugar-based or lipid-based complex matrices for primary particles identification by electron microscopy
Authors: PONTI Jessica ,   European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
Published: December 2024

Measurement of primary particle size distributions is fundamental to determining if a material should be classified as a nanomaterial according to the European Commission recommended definition. This is of particular relevance to alimentary products, where current regulation requires that any additives containing nanoforms be explicitly declared as such in the ingredients’ list. Currently, Electron Microscopy is the only instrumental technique able to reliably classify materials as nanomaterials. To verify the nanostatus of a material using this technique, it is essential to firstly extract the additives from the matrix in which they are dispersed, and then measure a wide size distribution while avoiding artefacts from the food matrix. In this operating procedure, extraction protocols, developed and applied for sugar-based or lipid-based food, are described. In particular, case studies for titanium dioxide E171 and iron oxide/iron hydroxide based materials such as E172 are considered. The protocols are based on gentle extraction of the additive materials and could, in principle, be used for other nanomaterials provided they are not soluble in water or ethanol and are resistant to enzymatic reactions. The size distribution of the extracted material can then be determined from images acquired using scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy.
AgriPV system with climate, water and light spectrum control for safe, healthier and improved crop production
Authors: Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin , Osborne Colin , Ruiz Maria
Published: December 2024

The PV4Plants project aims to optimise the synergy between agriculture and photovoltaic (agriPV) systems to improve crop yield, land use efficiency, and renewable energy generation. Using cutting-edge nanoparticles coated between PV panels to optimise light transmission, the system tailors conditions for specific crops and climatic regions. Demonstrations in Türkiye, Spain, and Denmark test the adaptability and effectiveness of these systems, to evaluate improvements in crop health and renewable energy output. Central to the project are efforts to increase recyclability and promote farmer engagement through innovative financing models and policy recommendations.
Between the Stage and the Page: Printed Marginalia in Gascoigne’s Supposes
Authors: Ragni Cristiano
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes printed marginalia in the 1573 and 1575 editions of Gascoigne’s Supposes, highlighting their liminal dimension, typical of early modern English playbooks, between printed and performative textuality. The printed marginalia in the 1573 edition not only are annotations that speak from the margins of the possible performance of the text but can also be read as a sign of cross-fertilization between coexisting types of drama. The marginalia in the 1575 edition clearly aim at readers of the playbook rather than at spectators of future performances. In this sense, they are unlikely Gascoigne’s originals, but the result of interventions by those involved in the volume’s printing. The article explores how the printed marginalia in these two editions of Gascoigne’s Supposes suggest intriguing relations between the play’s textual and performative dimensions.
Evolving trends of hand injuries in Korea (2010-2023): a comprehensive analysis and implications for hand surgeons
Authors: Kang Daihun
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Recent changes in industrial safety, technology, and demographics have raised questions about the evolving landscape of hand injuries in Korea. This study analyzed trends in hand injuries from 2010 to 2023 and assessed their implications for hand surgery.Methods: Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Big Data Open Portal were analyzed. Trends in crush injuries (S67), amputations (S68), fractures (S62), and lacerations (S61) were examined using descriptive statistics, time series decomposition, linear regression, and the chi-square test.Results: Crush injuries and amputations exhibited significant decreases (54.95% and 24.18% respectively, p<0.0001). Fractures increased by 16.19% (p=0.0228), while lacerations decreased by 6.73% (p<0.0001). The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic temporarily altered these trends, particularly for fractures.Conclusion: While severe industrial hand injuries have declined, likely due to improved safety measures and automation, the rise in fractures suggests a shift towards age-related and lifestyle injuries. This evolving pattern indicates a continuing need for hand surgery expertise, albeit with a changing focus. Future research should investigate the long-term impacts of societal changes, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on hand injury patterns.
Melitensia. Estudio visual de espacios de creación malteses y narrativas de sus propietarios.
Authors: Alonso Sanz Mª Amparo
Published: December 2024

La globalización y la gentrificación están poniendo en peligro de extinción valores culturales y
estéticos propios de los países del Mediterráneo, especialmente en las ciudades más turísticas. La
importancia de la estética de lo cotidiano fundamenta una observación de esta transformación
gradual y la creación de archivos de memoria. Para esta investigación se escoge Malta como un lugar
de interés especial por su reducido tamaño y emplazamiento. El objetivo es recoger una visión
“melitensia” de las historias de vida de personas adultas que, tras su jubilación, han mantenido una
actividad creadora que se proyecta estéticamente en sus entornos de trabajo. La metodología
combina la investigación cualitativa y la investigación basada en las artes, haciendo uso de la deriva
como método de recogida de datos, a través de instrumentos como la entrevista abierta y la
fotografía. Los resultados ofrecen testimonios y series muestra de 20 personas que dan cuenta de
la evolución de Malta en los últimos 50 años. Destacan los valores estéticos asociados a su propia
identidad y corporeidad, a la fe, a la herencia familiar, al interés por lo matérico, a la organización
espacial y a la construcción de visualidades. Se concluye que la autenticidad “melitensia”, en
términos estéticos, está en peligro de extinción inminente. Sin embargo, el desempeño activo de
tareas creativas, artísticas y manufacturadas de personas mayores todavía sostiene una identida
Pedagogía e incentivación de talento artístico desde la enseñanza de las artes en educación básica.
Authors: Rivera Navarro Xitlalli Alejandra , Cervantes Arreola Diana Irasema , Anguiano Escobar Beatriz
Published: December 2024

En este estudio se abordan aspectos de la pedagogía y cómo se incentiva el talento artístico en la
enseñanza las artes en la educación básica en México. Se realizó el estudio con un enfoque
cualitativo, desde el paradigma de la teoría crítica, con un diseño fenomenológico, para analizar las
pedagogías de diez docentes de educación básica, de los niveles de preescolar y primaria, en la
enseñanza de las artes y las estrategias que se utilizan para incentivar el talento artístico desde la
perspectiva del modelo de Gagné. Se obtuvieron como resultados que existen pocas estrategias y
técnicas para la enseñanza de las artes y por ende poca incentivación para el talento artístico, entre
los aspectos que resaltan, se encuentra la formación del profesorado en el tema, así como la poca
Rivera-Navarro et al., 2024 · Communiars, 12: 85-102
COMMUNIARS · ISSN 2603-6681 · DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12795/Communiars.2024.i12.05
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existencia de ambientes propicios para dicha enseñanza. Se concluye que es necesario mejorar
dichos aspectos, así como propiciar dicho talento desde la mejora y concreción de planes y
programas que tomen en cuenta la adecuada enseñanza de las artes y una formación docente más
completa.
À la recherche du "nous méditerranéen:" Ou les enjeux de l'écriture autoethnographique de François Beaune
Authors: Hertrampf Marina Ortrud M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The tension between the Mediterranean as a geopolitical and imaginary space is at the heart of French writer François Beaune's project "True Stories from the Mediterranean" that aims to make visible the multiplicity of individual and collective Mediterranean identities. This practical project gave rise to the book La lune dans le puits (2013), in which the author uses the method of autoethnographic storytelling to link ethnographic research with literary work by developing an innovative form of individual-collective autobiography. The article shows how Beaune creates a postmodern epic out of his plural autobiography which links the individual and collective search for identity with the scientific process of autoethnography in order to counter the simple myths of the Mediterranean imaginary with the complexity of the real situation.
Digital holographic illumination using a single phase-only computer-generated hologram
Authors: Gao Phoebe Xin , Deng Yuanbo , Chu Daping
Published: December 2024

This research investigates approaches for optimizing a single phase-only computer-generated hologram (CGH) for digital holographic illumination, with a focus on reducing color dispersion and improving perceived image quality. It explores coherence, speckles, and the impact of hologram sizes on the performance of digital holographic illumination. The influence of multi-wavelength light sources and their coherence characteristics is analyzed, addressing trade-offs between the speckle contrast and image sharpness. Additionally, the role of liquid crystal on the silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator (SLM) size in balancing resolution and noise reduction is explored. The findings establish a foundation for advancing digital holographic illumination systems, offering scalable solutions for applications in smart lighting and energy-efficient displays.
High contrast ratio light-emitting liquid crystal device based on AIEE dyes
Authors: Choi Gyu Jin , Ryu Jeong Won , Jeon Hwa Jun , Choi Yoonseuk , Gwag Jin Seog
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we have fabricated a light-emitting liquid crystal device (LELCD) with high contrast ratio (CR) using aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) dye, a photoluminescent (PL) material connected with liquid crystals (LCs) on weak surface anchoring boundaries. This LELCD can continually vary the PL intensity by controlling the direction of AIEE-dye molecules following the orientation of the LCs responding to the strength of the electric field. In order to check the effect of surface anchoring on the CR of this device, we used both horizontal and vertical alignment layers. For the horizontal alignment layer, we investigated the effect of CR at three different types of alignment layers with different anchoring energy and at different rubbing conditions for each alignment layer. For the vertical alignment layer, changes in the CR according to the rubbing strength were observed. Additionally, our study was conducted on the impact of LELCD cell thickness variations on the CR. Consequently, we achieved CR of about 30:1 at LELCD with cell thickness of 10 µm using polymethyl methacrylate as a horizontal alignment layer with weak surface anchoring boundary. This is the best result to date for CR of display devices using AIEE. We anticipate that the results of this study can be applied to optical devices and various other applications.
Feature fusion analysis approach based on synchronous EEG-fNIRS signals: application in etomidate use disorder individuals
Authors: Gao Tianxin , Chen Chao , Liang Guangyao , Ran Yuchen , Huang Qiuping , Liao Zhenjiang , He Bolin , Liu Tefu , Tang Xiaoying , Chen Hongxian , Fan Yingwei
Published: December 2024

Etomidate is commonly used for induction of anesthesia, but prolonged use can affect brain neurovascular mechanisms, potentially leading to use disorders. However, limited research exists on the impact of etomidate on brain function, and accurately and noninvasively extracting and analyzing neurovascular brain features remains a challenge. This study introduces a novel feature fusion approach based on whole-brain synchronous Electroencephalography (EEG)-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals aimed at addressing the difficulty of jointly analyzing neural and hemodynamic signals and features in specific locations, which is critical for understanding neurovascular mechanism changes in etomidate use disorder individuals. To address the challenge of optimizing the accuracy of neurovascular coupling analysis, we proposed a multi-band local neurovascular coupling (MBLNVC) method. This method enhances spatial precision in NVC analysis by integrating multi-modal brain signals. We then mapped the different brain features to the Yeo 7 brain networks and constructed feature vectors based on these networks. This multilayer feature fusion approach resolves the issue of analyzing complex neural and vascular signals together in specific brain locations. Our approach revealed significant neurovascular coupling enhancement in the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks (p < 0.05, FDR corrected), corresponding with different frequency bands and brain networks from single-modal features. These features of the intersection of bands and networks showed high sensitivity to etomidate using machine learning classifiers compared to other features (accuracy: support vector machine (SVM) - 82.10%, random forest (RF) - 80.50%, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) - 78.40%). These results showed the potential of the proposed feature fusion analysis approach in exploring changes in brain mechanisms and provided new insights into the effects of etomidate on resting neurovascular brain mechanisms.
Neural network powered microscopic system for cataract surgery
Authors: Zhai Yuxuan , Ji Chunsheng , Wang Yaqi , Qu Chao , He Chong , Lu Fang , Huang Lin , Li Junhong , Wang Zaowen , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Xufeng , Yu Weihong , Wang Xiaogang , Wang Zhao
Published: December 2024

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a widely used effective treatment for cataracts. However, the surgical outcome relies heavily on precise operations with marked eye location and orientation, which ideally require a high-precision navigation system for complete guidance of surgical procedure. However, both research and current commercial surgical microscopes still face substantial challenges in handling various complex clinical scenarios. Here we propose a neural network-powered surgical microscopic system that can benefit from big data to address the unmet clinical need. In this system, we designed an end-to-end navigation network for real-time positioning and alignment of IOL and then built a computer-assisted surgical microscope with a complete imaging and display platform integrating the control software and algorithms for surgical planning and navigation. The network used an attention-based encoder-decoder architecture with an edge padding mechanism and an MLP layer for eye center localization, and combined siamese network, correlation filter, and spatial transformation network to track eye rotation. Using computer-aided annotation, we collected and labeled 100 clinical surgery videos from 100 patients, and proposed a data augmentation method to enhance the diversity of training. We further evaluated the navigation performance of the microscopic system on a human eye model.
GJFocuser: a Gaussian difference and joint learning-based autofocus method for whole slide imaging
Authors: Chen Wujie , Li Caiwei , Huang Zhen-li , Wang Zhengxia
Published: December 2024

Whole slide imaging (WSI) provides tissue visualization at the cellular level, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of computer-aided diagnostic systems. High-precision autofocusing methods are essential for ensuring the quality of WSI. However, the accuracy of existing autofocusing techniques can be notably affected by variations in staining and sample heterogeneity, particularly without the addition of extra hardware. This study proposes a robust autofocusing method based on the difference between Gaussians (DoG) and joint learning. The DoG emphasizes image edge information that is closely related to focal distance, thereby mitigating the influence of staining variations. The joint learning framework constrains the network’s sensitivity to defocus distance, effectively addressing the impact of the differences in sample morphology. We first conduct comparative experiments on public datasets against state-of-the-art methods, with results indicating that our approach achieves cutting-edge performance. Subsequently, we apply this method in a low-cost digital microscopy system, showcasing its effectiveness and versatility in practical scenarios.
Model-based autofocus for near-field phase retrieval
Authors: Dora Johannes , Möddel Martin , Flenner Silja , Reimers Jan , Zeller-Plumhoff Berit , Schroer Christian G. , Knopp Tobias , Hagemann Johannes
Published: December 2024

The phase problem is a well known ill-posed reconstruction problem of coherent lens-less microscopic imaging, where only the intensities of a complex wave-field are measured by the detector and the phase information is lost. For the reconstruction of sharp images from holograms in a near-field experimental setting, it is crucial to solve the autofocus problem, i.e., to precisely estimate the Fresnel number of the forward model. Otherwise, blurred out-of focus images that also can contain artifacts are the result. In general, a simple distance measurement at the experiment is not sufficiently accurate, thus the fine-tuning of the Fresnel number has to be done prior to the actual reconstructions. This can be done manually or automatically by an estimation algorithm. To automatize the process, as needed, e.g., for in-situ/operando experiments, different focus criteria have been widely studied in literature but are subjected to certain restrictions. The methods often rely on image analysis of the reconstructed image, making them sensitive to image noise and also neglecting algorithmic properties of the applied phase retrieval. In this paper, we propose a novel criterion, based on a model-matching approach, which improves autofocusing by also taking the underlying reconstruction algorithm, the forward model and the measured hologram into account. We derive a common autofocusing framework, based on a recent phase-retrieval approach and a downhill-simplex method for the automatic optimization of the Fresnel number. We further demonstrate the robustness of the framework on different data sets obtained at the nano imaging endstation of P05 at PETRA III (DESY, Hamburg) operated by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon.
Hands-on training about data clustering with orange data mining toolbox
Authors: Demšar Janez , Zupan Blaž
Published: December 2024

Data clustering is a core data science approach widely used and referenced in the scientific literature. Its algorithms are often intuitive and can lead to exciting, insightful results that are easy to interpret. For these reasons, data clustering techniques could be the first method encountered in data science training. This paper proposes a hands-on approach to data clustering training suitable for introductory courses. The education approach features problem-based training that starts with the data and gradually introduces various data processing and analysis methods, illustrating them through visual representations of data and models. The proposed training is suitable for a general audience, does not require a background in statistics, mathematics, or computer science, and aims to engage the audience through practical examples, an exploratory approach to data analysis with visual analysis, experimentation, and a gentle learning curve. The manuscript details the pedagogical units of the training, motivates them through the sequence of methods introduced, and proposes data sets and data analysis workflows to be explored in the class.
scMoMtF: An interpretable multitask learning framework for single-cell multi-omics data analysis
Authors: Lan Wei , Ling Tongsheng , Chen Qingfeng , Zheng Ruiqing , Li Min , Pan Yi
Published: December 2024

With the rapidly development of biotechnology, it is now possible to obtain single-cell multi-omics data in the same cell. However, how to integrate and analyze these single-cell multi-omics data remains a great challenge. Herein, we introduce an interpretable multitask framework (scMoMtF) for comprehensively analyzing single-cell multi-omics data. The scMoMtF can simultaneously solve multiple key tasks of single-cell multi-omics data including dimension reduction, cell classification and data simulation. The experimental results shows that scMoMtF outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms on these tasks. In addition, scMoMtF has interpretability which allowing researchers to gain a reliable understanding of potential biological features and mechanisms in single-cell multi-omics data.
FoRSHE-X digital health intervention to improve the quality of life during chemotherapy among gynecological cancer survivors in Indonesia: A protocol for a pilot and feasibility study
Authors: Afiyanti Yati , Juliastuti Dyah , So Winnie Kwok Wei , Milanti Ariesta , Nasution Lina Anisa , Prawesti Aprilia Dian
Published: December 2024

Most Indonesian gynecological cancer survivors have unmet supportive care needs during chemotherapy, which may lower their quality of life and discontinue the treatment. Digital health intervention can address this issue. This pilot investigation aims to (1) examine the feasibility and acceptability of a Fighting on distRess, Self-efficacy, Health Effects, and seXual issues (FoRSHE-X) intervention and (2) evaluate prospectively the impact of the study implementation on the level of distress, self-efficacy, side effects’ knowledge and management, and sexual quality of life using the RE-AIM (Reach Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework. This is a non-randomized mixed-methods pilot study. We will recruit women diagnosed with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy to participate in the FoRSHE-X intervention consisting of ten weeks of social media-based education and telecoaching. We will evaluate the primary outcomes of study feasibility and acceptability, and the secondary outcomes of study impacts at three time points with quantitative and qualitative inquiries. We anticipate a minimum of 30 participants to enroll in the study and complete the assessment. We will disseminate results through conferences and peer-reviewed scientific journals. This study will imply whether a definitive trial to evaluate the potential benefits of the FoRSHE-X is viable and how it should proceed. The protocol can aid researchers or nurses in implementing this approach in their study or practice.

Trial registration: Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN13311651.
Abnormally high exertional breathlessness predicts mortality in people referred for incremental cycle exercise testing
Authors: Elmberg Viktor , Zhou Xingwu , Lindow Thomas , Hedman Kristofer , Malinovschi Andrei , Lewthwaite Hayley , Jensen Dennis , Brudin Lars , Ekström Magnus
Published: December 2024

Background

Exertional breathlessness is a key symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and can be quantified using incremental exercise testing, but its prognostic significance is unknown. We evaluated the ability of abnormally high breathlessness intensity during incremental cycle exercise testing to predict all-cause, respiratory, and cardiac mortality.

Study design and methods

Longitudinal cohort study of adults referred for exercise testing followed prospectively for mortality assessed using the Swedish National Causes of Death Registry. Abnormally high exertional breathlessness was defined as a breathlessness intensity response (Borg 0–10 scale) > the upper limit of normal using published reference equations. Mortality was analyzed using multivariable Cox regression, unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. A further mortality analysis was also done adjusted for select common comorbidities in addition to age, sex and body mass index.

Results

Of the 13,506 people included (46% female, age 59±15 years), 2,867 (21%) had abnormally high breathlessness during exercise testing. Over a median follow up of 8.0 years, 1,687 (12%) people died. No participant was lost to follow-up. Compared to those within normal predicted ranges, people with abnormally high exertional breathlessness had higher mortality from all causes (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.3, [95% confidence interval] 2.1–2.6), respiratory causes (aHR 5.2 [3.4–8.0]) and cardiac causes (aHR 3.0 [2.5–3.6]). Even among people with normal exercise capacity (defined as peak Watt ≥75% of predicted exercise capacity, n = 10,284) those with abnormally high exertional breathlessness were at greater risk of all-cause mortality than people with exertional breathlessness within the normal predicted range (aHR 1.5 [1.2–1.8]).

Conclusion

Among people referred for exercise testing, abnormally high exertional breathlessness, quantified using healthy reference values, independently predicted all-cause, respiratory and cardiac mortality.
Assessment of total mercury content in fish muscle tissue from the middle basin of the Pastaza River, Ecuador
Authors: Paz-Suconota Fernanda , Fernández Lenys , Carpintero-Salvador Natalia , Ruiz-Urigüen Melany , Brück Stefan Alexander , Galarza Fidel Ernesto Rodríguez , Burgos-Morán Ricardo , Espinoza-Montero Patricio J.
Published: December 2024

One of the most toxic metals is mercury, which exhibits high toxicity during short exposure periods. This study aimed to determine the concentration of total mercury (THg) in fish muscle tissue from various species captured from two locations in the middle basin of the Pastaza River in Ecuador, which the locals use in their weekly diet. The individuals captured belong to the following families: Loricariidae, Cetopsidae, Heptapteridae, Cichlidae, Parodontidae, Characidae, Prochilodontidae, Curimatida, Siluriformes, Cichliformes, Characiformes, Erythrinidae and Curimatidae. Carnivorous species Charax sp. and Cetopsis plumbea, had THg concentrations were 0.241± 0.018 and 0.116 ± 0.045 mg kg-1, respectively. Herbivorous species Hypostomus sp. had a lower of THg. Carnivorous species Hoplias malabaricus exhibited THg concentration of 0.160±0.033 and 0.020±0.007 mg kg-1 for the omnivorous species Creagrutus sp. Carnivorous species accumulated higher levels of Hg compared to non-carnivorous species. Concentration of total mercury in the collected fish did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by legislative standards (Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization (INEN as per the acronym in Spanish), FAO/WHO and European Commission); and the objective hazard quotient was less than 1, indicating that the consumption of this fish may pose no risk to human health. Considering the mean concentrations of methylmercury, for all the fish species analysed, the results for daily consumption rate were between 6–199 g and 29–928 g for children and adults, respectively.