bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomics reveals ribosome associated proteins as potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Feng Lina , Cui Jie , Sun Jingyi , Shi Qiang , Xia Ling , Fu Xiaoyan , Hou Yajun , Li Mingquan , Fan Cundong , Sun Baoliang
Published: May 2023

Accumulated evidences confirmed that amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau phosphorylation, acetylcholine decrease, etc, all contributed to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and novel AD biomarkers are urgently needed to be discovered. Herein, APP/PS1 double transgenic mice (AD mice) were employed, and the differentially expressed (DE) proteins of mice hippocampus were identified and analyzed by 4D label Free quantitative proteomics technology and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The results indicated that the hippocampus of AD mice showed significant Aβ deposition. Compared to that of wild type mice, 29 proteins were up-regulated and 25 proteins were down-regulated in the AD mice group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of BP showed that DE proteins were mainly enriched in Ribosomal large subunit biogenesis. MF results showed that DE proteins were mainly enriched in 5.8S rRNA binding and Structural constituent of ribosome. CC results showed that DE proteins were mainly enriched in Polysomal ribosome, Cytosolic large ribosomal subunit, Cytosolic ribosome, Large ribosomal subunit, etc. KEGG results showed that DE proteins were mainly enriched in the Ribosome signaling pathway. The main target proteins were Rpl18, Rpl17, Rpl19, Rpl24, Rpl35, and Rpl6, which all showed significant differentially expression compared with the wild type mice. The PRM verification results were consistent with the results of 4D Label-free quantitative proteomics. Taken together, our findings revealed that Rpl18, Rpl17, Rpl19, Rpl24, Rpl35 and Rpl6 as AD biomarkers may be the potential targets for drugs design.
Characterization of circular RNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli LPS
Authors: LIANG YAN , Xia Yuxin , Wang Mengqi , Li Mingxun , Yang Zhangping , Karrow Niel A. , Mao Yongjiang
Published: May 2023

The rise of multi-omics technology in recent years provides convenient for in-depth study of the pathogenesis of dairy cow mastitis, and circRNAs, as endogenous non-coding RNAs, are expected to become molecular targets to study the pathogenesis of dairy cow mastitis. LPS, as a component of the outer wall of E. coli cell wall, is a common endotoxin in the construction of inflammatory models. The objective of this study is to identified and compared circular RNAs (circRNAs) from bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) between the control and LPS groups. The expression profiles of circRNAs were obtained by high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) based on the construction of bMECs - LPS inflammation model, with control group (n = 3) and LPS group (n = 3) cell RNA as samples. After analysis, we identified 4323 circRNAs, ranging from 63 bp to 96387 bp. Chromosome 5 had most circRNAs, containing 259 circRNAs. Furthermore, 87.42% of the circRNAs belonged to sense-overlapping circRNA. CircRNAs contains different number of exons, ranging from 1 to 43, and most of cirsRNAs harbored 1 to 5 exons. Compared with the negative control (NC) group, 841 circRNAs with significantly different expressions (DE) in the LPS group (10 μg/mL), including 400 upregulated and 441 downregulated circRNAs. Enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of circRNAs in methylation, such as positive regulation of G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle, histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K27 specific), and DNA methylation. The significantly enriched pathways further indicate that circRNAs play important roles in immunoreaction, such as hippo signaling pathway – fly, AMPK signaling pathway, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. This study revealed the expression profile and characteristics of circRNAs in bMECs induced by LPS, and providing information for studying circRNA functions and mechanisms underlying mastitis, which suggesting a new avenue to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of mastitis.
The comprehensive expression of BCL2 family genes determines the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]{The comprehensive expression of BCL2 family genes determines the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Roh Jin , Pak Hyo-Kyung , Jeong Seongfeel , Hwang Sewon , Kim Do Eon , Choi Hwal-Seok , Kim So-Jeong , Kim Hyunji , Cho Hyungwoo , Park Joon Seong , Jeong Seong Hyun , Choi Yoon Seok , Han Jae Ho , Yoon Dok Hyun , Park Chan-Sik
Published: May 2023

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a prevalent and aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and 40% of patients succumb to death. Despite numerousclinical trials aimed at developing treatment strategies beyond the conven-tional R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, andprednisone) regimen, there have been no positive results thus far. Although theselective BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has shown remarkable efficacy in chronic lym-phocytic leukemia, its therapeutic effect in DLBCL was limited. We hypothesizedthat the limited therapeutic effect of venetoclax in DLBCL may be attributedto the complex expression and interactions of BCL2 family members, includingBCL2. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the expression patternsof BCL2 family members in DLBCL. We analyzed 157 patients with de novoDLBCL diagnosed at Asan Medical Center and Ajou University Hospital. ThemRNA expression levels of BCL2 family members were quantified using theNanoString technology. BCL2 family members showed distinct heterogeneousexpression patterns both intra- and inter-patient. Using unsupervised hierarchi-cal cluster analysis, we were able to classify patients with similar BCL2 familyexpression pattern and select groups with clear prognostic features, C1 and C6.In the group with the best prognosis, C1, the expression of pro-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BH3-only group gene expressions were increased, while anti-apoptoticgroup expression was significantly increased in both C1 and C6. Based on this, wegenerated the BCL2 signature score using the expression of pro-apoptotic genesBOK and BCL2L15, and anti-apoptotic gene BCL2. The BCL2 signature score0 had the best prognosis, score 1/2 had intermediate prognosis, and score 3 hadthe worst prognosis (EFS, p = 0.0054; OS, p = 0.0011). Multivariate analysis,including COO and IPI, showed that increase in the BCL2 signature score wassignificantly associated with poor prognosis for EFS, independent of COO andIPI. The BCL2 signature score we proposed in this study provides information onBCL2 family deregulation based on the equilibrium of pro- versus anti-apoptoticBCL2 family, which can aid in the development of new treatment strategies forDLBCL in the future.
Interactions between isolated pea globulins and purified egg white proteins in solution
Authors: Kuang Jian , Hamon Pascaline , Rousseau Florence , Cases Eliane , Bouhallab Saïd , Saurel Rémi , Lechevalier Valérie
Published: May 2023

In the present work, the interactions and associations between low denatured pea globulins (PPI) and purified main egg white proteins (ovalbumin (OVA), ovotransferrin (OVT), and lysozyme (LYS)) were studied at pH 7.5 and 9.0 by using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser granulometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). From ITC, we detected strong exothermic interactions between PPI and LYS at both pHs, which led to aggregation. At these pH values, the net positive charge of lysozyme favored electrostatic interactions with negative charges of pea proteins, and oligomers were formed during titration experiments. Furthermore, DLS, laser granulometry, and CLSM data showed that the particle size of the mixture increased with increasing LYS to PPI molar ratio (from 0.8 to 20). Large irregular aggregates up to 20–25 µm were formed at high molar ratios and no complex coacervate was observed. No or very weak interactions were detected between OVT or OVA and PPI whatever the pH. These results suggest the role of electrostatic interactions between LYS and PPI when considering protein mixtures.
A Psychometric Investigation of Inter-Professional Education Competency Tool among the Students of Medicine and Nursery
Authors: Rasouli Davood , Norouzi Azam , Ramezani Ghobad , Akram Hashemi
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Collaboration between nurses and doctors is necessary for offering care to patients. Using team performance assessment tools and surveying them can be effective in promoting inter-professional collaboration, and the lack of a credible tool to assess inter-professional collaboration competency between the two groups is a major challenge in the healthcare sector. The present study aimed to translate and conduct a psychometric investigation on the inter-professional education collaboration (IPEC) tool for the students of medicine and nursery.
Methods
The present study was a cross-sectional one conducted as a psychometric investigation of the IPEC tool at the Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The initial tool contained 42 items developed according to a 5-point Likert scale, which was translated into Persian with the consent of the original researcher. The validity index and the content validity ratio were investigated by a panel of 11 specialists in medical and clinical education, and its construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the reliability of the instrument was investigated using internal consistency, Cronbach’s Alpha, and test-retest methods.
Results
based on the indicators calculated to perform a psychometric investigation over the above tool, it had acceptable reliability and validity according to the specialists. The tool evaluates inter-professional collaboration competency between the students of medicine and nursery across four areas (values and ethics, roles and responsibilities, inter-professional communication, and teams and teamwork). Moreover, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the tool was determined at 0.84.
Conclusion
The results of the study showed that the above tool could evaluate inter-professional competency as a valid and reliable questionnaire, and its results could be utilized in planning and education.
Long-term fertilizer regimes influences on weed floristic diversity under Typic Hapludalfs soil conditions
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Kumar Sachin , Rana Surinder Singh , Sharma Raj Paul , Sankhyan NK
Published: May 2023

We investigated the effect of different sources of organic and inorganic nutrients on weed composition, diversity and system productivity in maize-wheat cropping system in long-term experiment initiated during 1972-73 in a Typic Hapludalfs soil conditions of North-Western Himalaya. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 11 treatments replicated three times. Results revealed that a total of 9 weed species from 3 families and 11 weed species from 7 families were recorded in maize and wheat crops, respectively. Poaceae was the most dominating family followed by Asteraceae in wheat crop. 50% NPK resulted in significantly higher broadleaf weed count, total weed count and total weed dry weight, whereas, 100% NPK + Zn resulted in the maximum count of grasses in maize crop. In wheat crop, broadleaf count, total weed count and total weed dry weight were significantly higher in 150% NPK, whereas, 100% NPK + FYM had maximum grassy weeds population. Balanced fertilization resulted in significantly lower species richness, Shannon’s equitability and diversity indices and higher system productivity of maize-wheat cropping system.
Horses discriminate between human facial and vocal expressions of sadness and joy
Authors: Jardat Plotine , Liehrmann Océane , Reigner Fabrice , Parias Céline , Calandreau Ludovic , Lansade Léa
Published: May 2023

Communication of emotions plays a key role in intraspecific social interactions and likely in interspecific interactions. Several studies have shown that animals perceive human joy and anger, but few studies have examined other human emotions, such as sadness. In this study, we conducted a cross-modal experiment, in which we showed 28 horses two simultaneous soundless videos featuring a sad and a joyful face, which were accompanied by either a sad or joyful voice. The number of horses who initially looked more at the video that was incongruent with the voice was higher than chance, suggesting that horses could form cross-modal representations of human joy and sadness. Moreover, horses were more attentive to the videos of joy and looked at them for longer, more frequently, and more rapidly than the videos of sadness. Their heart rates tended to increase when they heard joy and to decrease when they heard sadness. These results show that horses are able to discriminate facial and vocal expressions of joy and sadness and may form cross-modal representations of these emotions; they also are more attracted to joyful faces than to sad faces and seem to be more aroused by a joyful voice than a sad voice. Further studies are needed to better understand how horses perceive the range of human emotions, and we propose that future experiments include neutral stimuli as well as emotions with different arousal levels but a same valence.
Blockchain-based Multi-Diagnosis Deep Learning Application for Various Diseases Classification
Authors: Rahal Hakima Rym , Slatnia Sihem , Kazar Okba , Barka Ezedin , Harous Saad
Published: May 2023

Misdiagnosis is a critical issue in healthcare, which can lead to severe consequences for patients, in- cluding delayed or inappropriate treatment, unneces- sary procedures, psychological distress, financial bur- den, and legal implications. To mitigate this issue, we propose using deep learning algorithms to improve diag- nostic accuracy. However, building accurate deep learn- ing models for medical diagnosis requires substantial amounts of high-quality data, which can be challeng- ing for individual healthcare sectors or organizations to acquire. Therefore, combining data from multiple sources to create a diverse dataset for efficient train- ing is needed. However, sharing medical data between different healthcare sectors can be problematic from a security standpoint due to sensitive information and privacy laws. To address these challenges, we propose using Blockchain technology to provide a secure, de- centralized, and privacy-respecting way to share locally trained deep learning models instead of the data itself. Our proposed method of model ensembling, which com- bines the weights of several local deep learning models to build a single global model, that enables accurate diagnosis of complex medical conditions across multi- ple locations while preserving patient privacy and data security. Our research demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in accurately diagnosing three diseases (Breast cancer, Lung cancer, and Diabetes) with high accuracy rates, surpassing the accuracy of local models and building a multi-diagnosis application.
How can we live within the safe and just Earth system boundaries for blue water?
Authors: Stewart-Koster Ben , Bunn Stuart , Green Pamela , Ndehedehe Christopher , Andersen Lauren , McKay David Armstrong , Bai Xuemei , DeClerck Fabrice , Ebi Kristie , Gordon Christopher , Gupta Joyeeta , Hasan Syezlin , Jacobson Lisa , Lade Steven , Liverman Diana , Mohamed Awaz , Loriani Sina , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Obura David , Qin Dahe , Rammelt Crelis , Rocha Juan , Rockström Johan , Verburg Peter , Zimm Caroline
Published: May 2023

Safe and just Earth System Boundaries (ESBs) for surface and groundwater (blue water) have been defined for sustainable water management in the Anthropocene. We evaluate where minimum human needs can be met within the surface water ESB and, where this is not possible, identify how much groundwater is required. 2.6 billion people live in catchments where groundwater is needed because they are already outside the surface water ESB or have insufficient surface water to meet human needs and the ESB. Approximately 1.4 billion people live in catchments where demand side transformations are required as they either exceed the surface water ESB or face a decline in groundwater recharge and cannot meet minimum needs within the ESB. A further 1.5 billion people live in catchments outside the ESB with insufficient surface water to meet needs, requiring both supply and demand-side transformations. These results highlight the challenges and opportunities of meeting even basic human access needs to water and protecting aquatic ecosystems.
Correlates of poor oral health related quality of life in a cohort of people who use methamphetamine in Australia
Authors: Abdelsalam Shady , Livingston Michael , Quinn Brendan , Agius Paul A , Ward Bernadette , Jamieson Lisa , Dietze Paul
Published: May 2023

Objectives Methamphetamine use impacts oral health, but little is known about its impacts on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). In this study we examined OHRQoL in a cohort of people who use methamphetamine and assessed associations with sociodemographic, behavioural, psychosocial and dental service utilisation correlates. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between methamphetamine route of administration and OHRQoL, to test whether smoking the drug is associated with reduced OHRQoL.Methods Cross-sectional analysis was performed, using data from VMAX, a cohort of people who use methamphetamine at least monthly in Victoria, Australia (n = 194). Utilising the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14), we assessed three OHRQoL outcomes: OHIP-14 prevalence, OHIP-14 extent and OHIP-14 severity. Regression analyses examined associations between independent variables and the three OHIP-14 outcome measures.Results A significant segment of the cohort (35%) reported poor OHRQoL. Overall, no statistically significant association was detected between methamphetamine route of administration and the three OHIP-14 outcomes. Participants living in rural areas, with moderate to severe self-reported depression and with methamphetamine dependence had significantly worse OHRQoL levels, which persisted after adjusting for other covariates.Conclusion Overall, VMAX cohort participants reported reduced OHRQoL levels. Our findings highlight the need for upstream interventions to improve the OHRQoL of people who use methamphetamine, with specific focus on those living in rural locations. Further research on the links between OHRQoL and mental health among people who use methamphetamine is required.
A Proposal for Experimentally Testing Different “Interpretations” of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Qadir Asghar
Published: May 2023

It used to be assumed that the differences between “interpretations” of quantummechanics are philosophical and not physical. The experimental test of the original EPR “thought experiment” by Aspect et al., using the Bell inequalities, eliminatedthe Bohm-Aharanov local hidden variables, demonstrating that the so-called interpretations are distinct theories, amenable to experimental testing, and not merely philosophically different “interpretations”. In this paper I present a sequence of experiments, doable by current technology, to distinguish between various “interpretations” of Quantum Mechanics.
Evaluation of the Cardiac Functions With Tissue Doppler Before and After Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy of Patients Withcarbonmonoxide Poisoning
Authors: Simsek Ahmet Burak , Gursu Hazım Alper , Azak Emine , Sahan Yasemin Ozdemir , Gul Ayse Esin Kibar , Kurt Funda , Cetin Ibrahim Ilker
Published: May 2023

Objective: We aimed to determine whether systolic and diastolic functions of patients who presented to the pediatric emergency clinic because of carbonmonoxide poisoning and were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, were examined with tissue doppler imaging method before and after the treatment.
Materials and Methods: Between January 2019-January 2021, 34 patients who presented to the pediatric emergency clinic because of carbonmonoxide poisoning and were treated with hyperbaric oxygen, and 34 healthy children who presented to the pediatric cardiology clinic as the control group were included. The study was performed prospectively.
Results: The mean age of patients was 10.95 ± 4.75 years. 21 patients (61.8%) were female. 21 patients (61.8%) presented with natural gas poisoning. The most common complaint at admission to the hospital was loss of consciousness with 41.2%. The mean carboxyhemoglobin of the patients after carbonmonoxide poisoning was found to be 21.70±6.45. After one session of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the mean carboxyhemoglobin was found to be 0.74±0.34. The mean troponin-I level of the patients was 114.81±197.76 after carbonmonoxide poisoning and 42.32±118.36 after one session of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In the tissue doppler imaging of the patients, the isovolemic relaxation time and myocardial performance index were higher in the group evaluated before hyperbaric oxygen therapy; ejection time was found to be shorter.
Conclusions: Systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were found in the cardiac evaluation of patients who presented with carbonmonoxide poisoning and were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. It has been demonstrated echocardiographically that this dysfunction is reversible with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Classification and Recognition of Ferroresonance Based on Improved Elman-Adaboost
Authors: Kang Zhongjian , Li Longchen
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problem that the fault suppression effect is not obvious due to the unclear type of ferroresonance, an improved Elman-Adaboost method for classification and identification of ferroresonance was proposed. Firstly, the characteristic values of different types of ferroresonance overvoltage were extracted, and then a classifier was added to the traditional Elman-Adaboost model to automatically find the optimal hidden layer, and the corresponding weighted parameters were added and adjusted when the training set was recognized correctly. Finally, by constructing a two-stage improved Elman-Adaboost model to test different types of ferroresonance samples and comparing with other methods, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the type of ferroresonance in power systems, and the identification accuracy is greatly improved. It has potential application value in the identification and suppression of ferroresonance faults.
Working Less for Longer: Unintended Effects of Longevity Adjustment of Retirement Age
Authors: Jensen Svend E. Hougaard , Sveinsson Thorsteinn Sigurdur , Vieira Filipe Bonito
Published: May 2023

This paper utilises a model with overlapping generations ad modum Blanchard-Yaari and shows that by broadening the labour supply on the extensive margin through longevity adjustment of the statutory retirement age, labour supply is likely to decrease on the intensive margin. This backlash effect depends strongly on the specific design of the pension system: It is significantly higher under a pay-as-you-go scheme with fixed benefits compared to a pay-as-you-go scheme with fixed contributions and a fully funded scheme based on voluntary savings. The findings have implications for how to address the fiscal and macroeconomic challenges raised by an ageing population.
JEL codes: E21, J21, J26, H55
Efficacy of Careolizumab combined with chemotherapy and astragalus polysaccharide(APS) in patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC and effects on lymphocyte subsets, regulatory T cells and serum tumor markers
Authors: Dong Wang , xin Wan
Published: May 2023

Objctive:To observe the recent efficacy of the combination group on patients with intermediate to advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effects on lymphocyte subsets, regulatory T cells, serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods:188 patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC admitted to our hospital from August 2021 to April 2023 were selected, and the patients were simply randomly divided into a combination group and a control group. The control group was treated with chemotherapy regimen, and the combination group was treated with Carelizumab and astragalus polysaccharide on top of it. The recent efficacy, lymphocyte subsets (B, NK, CD3+,CD4+, CD4+/CD8+), regulatory T cells (CD4+Treg) , serum tumor markers CYFRA21-1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor antigen 125 (CA125), neurospecific enolase (NSE)] and angiogenic indexes (Ang-2, VEGF). Results:The total effective rate of recent clinical efficacy in the combined group after treatment was 69.15%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (38.3%) (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of B, NK, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were reduced in both groups, and the levels in the combined group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the levels of CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125 and NSE were reduced in both groups, and the levels in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); the levels of Ang-2 and The levels of Ang-2 and VEGF were reduced in both groups, and the levels of Ang-2 and VEGF in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Progression-free survival was higher in the combination group than in the control group (95% CI, 1.468-4.278; Log-rank P < 0.0001; HR, 2.506). Conclusion: Carelizumab combined with chemotherapy and astragalus polysaccharide has definite near-term efficacy in patients with intermediate to advanced NSCLC, and can reduce the impact on immune function, prolong patients' progression-free survival, significantly improve serum tumor marker levels and play a certain inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.
Subsampling Approach for Least Squares Fitting of Semi-parametric Accelerated Failure Time Models to Massive Survival Data
Authors: Yang Zehan , Yan Jun , Wang HaiYing
Published: May 2023

Massive survival data are increasingly common in many research fields, and subsampling is a practical strategy for analyzing such data. Although optimal subsampling strategies have been developed for Cox models, little has been done for semiparametric accelerated failure time (AFT) models due to the challenges posed by non-smooth estimating functions for the regression coefficients. We develop optimal subsampling algorithms for fitting semi-parametric AFT models using the least-squares approach. By efficiently estimating the slope matrix of the non-smooth estimating functions using are sampling approach, we construct optimal subsampling probabilities for the observations. For feasible point and interval estimation of the unknown coefficients, we propose a two-step method, drawing multiple subsamples in the second stage to correct for overe stimation of the variance in higher censoring scenarios. We validate the performance of our estimators through a simulation study that compares single and multiple subsampling methods, and apply the methods to analyze the survival time of lymphoma patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.
Nose vs. mouth breathing – Acute effect of different breathing regimens on muscular endurance
Authors: Lörinczi Mgr. František , Vanderka Marián
Published: May 2023

BackgroundWe know that the way we breathe (weather through the nose or mouth) can influence many aspects of our health and to some extent, sport performance. Does the way of breathing (nose vs. mouth) influence muscular endurance?MethodsWe conducted an experiment in which we verified the acute effect of different breathing regimens (NN, nasal - inhaling and exhaling through the nose; NM, oro-nasal - inhaling through the nose, exhaling through the mouth; MM, oral - inhaling and exhaling through the mouth) on the muscular endurance performance. 107 young physically active college students (68 males, 39 females) performed repeated bench press testing protocol (repetitions to failure with 60% of body weight for males – BP60, respectively 40% of body weight for females – BP40) with various breathing regimens (NN, NM, MM) in random order. We also measured heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and perceived exertion by Borg scale (RPE).ResultsIn both sexes, no significant differences in number of repetitions, perceived exertion and blood oxygen saturation were shown between the selected breathing modes (ns). We did not record any case of deviation of saturation outside the physiological norm. We noticed significantly lower heart rate values ​​in the male group at BP60 with the NN regimen, compared to NM (p = 0.033) and MM (p = 0.047). These differences, although significant, were lower than the usual statistical deviation (3–4 bpm; 3%) and have only small effect.ConclusionPure nasal breathing (NN) seems to be just as effective as other two regimens which use the mouth (NM, MM) in context of muscular endurance performance. Based on our findings and the mentioned negative consequences of oral breathing, we recommend using purely nasal breathing during training for muscular endurance.
Symmetry of bilateral lower limb during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit tasks in stroke hemiplegia patients
Authors: He Jian , Liu Dongwei , Hou Meijin , Luo Anhua , Yu Jiajia , Ma Ye
Published: May 2023

BackgroundStroke patients with hemiplegia are at increased risk of falls during sit-to-stand (Si-St) and stand-to-sit (St-Si) tasks. Maintaining bilateral lower limb symmetry during those movements can reduce the incidence of falls. This study aimed to investigate bilateral lower limb symmetries during Si-St and St-Si tasks in stroke patients compared healthy controls.MethodsThirteen stroke patients with hemiplegia and thirteen healthy controls were recruited. The subjects were asked to stand up and sit down naturally from backless and armless chairs. Five Si-St and St-Si trials were collected for each subject. Kinematics and kinetics were calculated using the inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics tools of OpenSim. The Symmetry Index (SI) was used to quantify the symmetries of both sides. The 10% of SI was set as the asymmetry threshold.ResultsThe results showed that there were significant bilateral differences (P < 0.05) in the time to reach the maximum hip and knee moment during the Si-St task in the stroke patients. All spatial-temporal characteristics in the stroke group were greater than (P < 0.05) those in the healthy group. Bilateral ankle angle showed asymmetry during the Si-St and St-Si tasks in stroke group, and the mean ankle angle SI was greater than (P < 0.05) that of the healthy group. The stroke group showed asymmetry for bilateral hip, knee, and ankle moment, vertical ground reaction force, and medial-lateral center of pressure (ML-COP) during the entire Si-St and St-Si movements, and their average SI were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of the healthy group except the ML-COP.ConclusionsStroke patients demonstrated significant bilateral asymmetry during Si-St and St-Si tasks, which may increase the risk of falls. Targeted lower-limb strength training, especially on the affected side, may improve symmetry and reduce the risk of falls. These findings can inform the development of rehabilitation interventions for stroke patients with hemiplegia.
CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption Nexus: the case of India
Authors: G Babu Rao
Published: May 2023

In the present global world environmental sustainability has become an important element in achieving a long-term development policy. Nowadays, developing countries like India struggling to deal with these concerns, which all requires a specific treatment. On this basis, this study is to investigate the causal relationship between emissions, economic growth and energy consumption for India over the time period of 1990-2019. The study is applied Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to look at the long-run dynamics, while the Vector Error Correction (VECM) model is applied to identify causal direction. The ARDL test confirms that there is a long-run relationship exists between the variables. The VECM results reveal that there is a long-run causality in emissions, GDP and EC. A range of diagnostic tests were also used to confirm the validity and reliability of the results. The results also point out to a unidirectional causality running from emissions to economic growth to energy consumption, from energy consumption to emissions. This study reveals new findings that contribute the existing literature and may be of particular interest to the country’s policymakers in light of the economic system and role of in environmental issues.
Psychometric Assessment of the Rett Syndrome Caregiver Assessment of Symptom Severity (RCASS)
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Gqaltney Angela , Bann Carla , von Hehn Jana , Benke Timothy A. , Marsh Eric D. , Peters Sarika U. , Ananth Amitha , Percy Alan K. , Neul Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 1 in 10,000 females. Clinical trials of disease modifying therapies are on the rise, but there are few psychometrically sound caregiver-reported outcome measures available to assess treatment benefit. We report on a new caregiver-reported outcome measure, the Rett Caregiver Assessment of Symptom Severity (RCASS).Methods:Using data from the Rett Natural History Study (n=649), we examined the factor structure, using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and the reliability and validity of the RCASS.Results:The four-factor model had the best overall fit, which covered movement, communication, behavior, and Rett-specific symptoms. The RCASS had moderate internal consistency. Strong face validity was found with age and mutation type, and criterion validity was established with other similar measures, including the Revised Motor-Behavior Assessment Scale, Clinical Severity Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and the Child Health Questionnaire.Conclusion:These data provide initial evidence that the RCASS is a viable caregiver-outcome measure for use in clinical trials in Rett syndrome. Future work to assess sensitivity to change and other measures of reliability, such as test-retest and inter-rater agreement, are needed.
Differentiable Holography
Authors: Chen Ni , Wang Congli , Heidrich Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Thanks to the advancement of computational imaging, holography has been solidified over the past decade. Nonetheless, the utilization of the computational tools is hampered by the mismatch between experimental setups and the conceptual model. We present differentiable holography, a novel framework for automatically self-calibrating experimental imperfections in inverse holographic imaging. The technique is demonstrated on auto-focused complex field imaging from a single intensity-only inline hologram.
Eliminating Hyperbolic Curvature of 9-Dimensions in Quotient Space for Elliptic Generators
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: May 2023

Any two 3-fold hyperbolic geometry can in essence when interference destructively then the boundary or the hollow disc ϖ got reciprocal into an elliptic 9-fold geometry by means of a cycle /ρ which in essence is the quotient space generated by that hollow disc of an increasing evolution through space σ for that cycle /ρ (σ) then ϖ+ through an affine mapping parameter ζ results in the reciprocal of the hyperbolic in an elliptic space.
Effect of the noise on the phase synchronization of the coupled modified Hindmarsh Rose model
Authors: Tezoh Franky Kevin Nando , Adamou DANG KOKO , Mundih N.S , FOUDA H.P EKOBENA
Published: May 2023

Noises on dynamical systems can have positive or negative contributions. We studied the effect of additive white Gaussian noise on the phase synchronization of a coupled Hindmarsh Rose under magnetic field effect. It is found that relatively strong values of the magnetic coupling strength is needed for the system to reach complete phase synchronization in the case of noiseless neuronal network system. With the added of noise in the neuronal network, we observe an increase of the phase shit. Results showed also that noise destroys phase synchronization of the neuronal networks. Moreover, we found that for a less noising system, phase synchronization is conserved if the neuronal system already exhibited it.
Almanac: Retrieval-Augmented Language Models for Clinical Medicine
Authors: Hiesinger William , Zakka Cyril , Chaurasia Akash , Shad Rohan , Dalal Alex , Kim Jennifer , Moor Michael , Alexander Kevin , Ashley Euan , Boyd Jack , Boyd Kathleen , Hirsch Karen , Langlotz Curtis , Nelson Joanna
Published: May 2023

Large-language models have recently demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities in a variety of natural language tasks such as summarization, dialogue generation, and question-answering. Despite many promising applications in clinical medicine, adoption of these models in real-world settings has been largely limited by their tendency to generate incorrect and sometimes even toxic statements. In this study, we develop Almanac, a large language model framework augmented with retrieval capabilities for medical guideline and treatment recommendations. Performance on a novel dataset of clinical scenarios (n = 130) evaluated by a panel of 5 board-certified and resident physicians demonstrates significant increases in factuality (mean of 18% at p-value < 0.05) across all specialties, with improvements in completeness and safety. Our results demonstrate the potential for large language models to be effective tools in the clinical decision-making process, while also emphasizing the impor- tance of careful testing and deployment to mitigate their shortcomings.
Magmatic and hydrothermal controls on diverse Nb mineralization associated with carbonatite-alkaline complexes in the southern Qinling orogenic belt, Central China
Authors: Ma Rong-Lin , Chen Wei Terry , Tang Yan-Wen
Published: May 2023

Although carbonatite-alkaline complexes are the primary source of the world’s niobium (Nb) supply, the mineralization style is largely variable in these complexes and the processes behind their formation are still poorly understood. Exemplifying with our new observations on the ~430 Ma Miaoya and Shaxiongdong carbonatite-syenite complexes in the southern Qinling orogenic belt, central China, show that disseminated Nb mineralization in these two deposits is pervasive throughout the entire complexes in both syenite and carbonatite. Both magmatic and hydrothermal processes have contributed to Nb mineralization in both deposits, despite differences in the mineralization style. The Nb-bearing minerals in the mineralized Miaoya syenites include magmatic U-poor pyrochlore, rutile, and ilmenite with minor amounts of columbite, and hydrothermal columbite and rutile, whereas those in the mineralized carbonatites are mainly magmatic U-poor pyrochlore, uranpyrochlore, U-rich betafite, and rutile with minor amounts of columbite, and hydrothermal columbite and rutile. On the other hand, the Nb-bearing minerals in the mineralized Shaxiongdong syenites include magmatic U-poor pyrochlore, titanite, rutile, and ilmenite, and hydrothermal fersmite, rutile, and ilmenite, whereas those in the mineralized carbonatites are mainly magmatic U-poor pyrochlore without any hydrothermal Nb-bearing minerals. Field observations, whole-rock chemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions strongly constrained that assimilation of U-rich rocks (e.g., the hosting Yaolinghe and Meiziya Groups) and magma differentiation are responsible for diverse magmatic Nb mineralization in the two deposits. On the other hand, the diverse assemblages of hydrothermal Nb minerals in Miaoya and Shaxiongdong are mainly controlled by variations in the nature of the fluids, which is constrained to be genetically related to ~220 and ~420 Ma hydrothermal events, respectively. In summary, both magma evolution (e.g., differentiation, assimilation) and late hydrothermal overprinting are responsible for the diverse Nb mineralogy in carbonatite-alkaline complexes, a situation that is commonly observed worldwide.
Hydrochemical basis of marine waters biological productivity surrounding Svalbard archipelago
Authors: Namyatov Alexey , Makarevich Pavel , Tokarev Igor , Pastuhov Ivan
Published: May 2023

This study provides a rather new approach to research on a portion of general biological production of marine ecosystems, namely on primary production. The methodology presented consists of two blocks of techniques. The hydrological block provides for an estimate of the amounts of basic water masses, the estimate being based on the salinity and δ18O stable isotope value. The techniques of the ecosystem block provide for a calculation of primary production based on the water mass composition, nutrients concentrations in the cores of the water masses, and changes in nutrients reserves. The rate of the nutrients reserve change is corrected by the non-productive component caused by the inflow or outflow of the nutrient as a result of advection or exchange with underlying layers. Another correction is related to nutrient regeneration going in parallel to photosynthesis. The technique was tested and verified in the waters around the Svalbard archipelago. By using a combination of δ18О isotope parameter (with an intention to add δ2H in the future), salinity, and nutrients composition, the present methodology allows to consider the domain of the marine ecosystem comprising its hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological (phytoplankton) processes as a single system of their relationships.
Impact of Reduced Activator Concentration and Curing Method on Compressive Strength of Metakaolin/Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Harmaji Andrie , Haimir Alexander Syahlendra , Sunendar Bambang
Published: May 2023

The demand for cement is increasing each year, but the manufacture of 1 tonne of cement produces an equal number of carbondioxide (CO2) gas which is directly related to the increase in global warming. Therefore, we need a substitute material, namely geopolymer. This material has relatively superior properties compared to cement. However, one of the drawbacks of geopolymers is that the production costs are relatively more expensive compared to the manufacture of pre-cast cement because it requires chemical solutions such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to activate the precursor. This research was conducted to replace a specific ratio of alkali activator with water to reduce the use of alkaline hydroxide solutions and sodium silicate while reducing production costs.
The experiment was carried out by replacing the activator solution with water at a certain amount with a different curing method. Mechanical properties, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy characterization were used to analyze the effect of additional water in geopolymer. The compressive test result shows that the maximum water content that can replace the activator solution is 20% by activator mass for fly ash-based geopolymers and 30% by activator mass for metakaolin-based geopolymers, with sealed and bare curing conditions before the compressive strength was decreased sharply. Substitution of 10% water in fly ash-based geopolymer increases the compressive strength to 17.20 MPa. Compressive test results and characterization showed that the optimal curing condition for fly ash-based geopolymer was sealed curing and bare curing for metakaolin-based geopolymer. The strength increase is due to O-C-O bonds representing sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which affects the compressive strength of fly ash-based and metakaolin-based geopolymers.
Evaluation of Diesel Engine Performance Using Biodiesel from Cooking Oil Waste (WCO)
Authors: Suardi Suardi , Setiawan Wira , Nugraha Andi Mursid , Alamsyah Alamsyah , Ikhwani Rodlian Jamal
Published: May 2023

The increasing use of fossil fuels will cause the world's oil reserves to be depleted. In this case, it is necessary to increase the use of alternative renewable fuels, one of which is biodiesel waste cooking oil (WCO). The method used is an experimental test with a mixture of used cooking oil biodiesel and fuel. Before testing, the temperature of each fuel is increased to determine the effect of temperature on the density and viscosity values. The highest density value is found in B50 fuel at 26 °C, with a density of 0.854 gr/ml, while the lowest density is found in diesel fuel at 60 °C, with a density of 0.822 gr/ml. The highest viscosity value is found in B50 fuel at 26 °C and 60 °C, which is 3.26 cSt. After that, testing was carried out on a diesel engine, which produced the highest thermal efficiency value of 21.16% on B50 fuel with a temperature of 60 °C at 1000 rpm rotation and a load of 4000 watts. The lowest thermal efficiency of 6.43% was found in B50 fuel with a temperature of 26 °C at 800 rpm and a load of 1000 watts. The lowest consumption was found in B30 with a temperature of 60 °C at 1200 rpm, which was 420.78 gr/kWh. From the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be concluded that the lower the density and viscosity of the fuel, the better the performance of the diesel engine on average. High temperatures effectively make the engine performance value better than normal temperatures (26 °C), and the performance of diesel engines is better with WCO fuel, especially in SFC.
A SWOT Analysis on the Implementation of the Yoghurt Marketing Strategy: A Case Study in the Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Febrianto Nanang , Andriani Ria Dewi , Sawitri Manik Eirry
Published: May 2023

Milk as a farm product has a significant role in improving the quality of human resources through the intersection of protein and mineral needs.Oneof the dairy products is yogurt or probiotic fermented milk. Yoghurt is a processed milk food that is a valuable ingredient for the human body and contains high levels of protein, lactose, and lactic acid.This research is conducted to identify the company's internal and external environmental conditions and formulate business development strategies. The research methods are survey methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Research respondents are internal parties: the company leadership and the production section. Respondents from external parties are agents, consumers, competitors, and related agencies. Data analysis uses SWOT analysis. The results showed that the total average score of the IFE matrix was 2,353, and the EFE matrix was 2,587. An alternative formulation of S-O strategies by maintaining product quality and excellence to attract customers. W-O's strategy is to cooperate with investors to obtain investments. S-T strategy by doing marketing research. W-T strategy by promoting products that are more vigorous and effective.
Novel MutationsinThe Coding Region ofThe Third Exon of Myostatin(MSTN)Genein Madura Cattle
Authors: Novianti Irida , Putri Rafika Febriani , Herviyanto Doni , Furqon Ahmad , Septian Wike Andre , Kuswati Kuswati , Suyadi Suyadi
Published: May 2023

Molecular information using gene variants could support livestock selection to improve livestock productivity. This study aimed to identify the variants in part of the MSTN gene (part of the third exoncoding region), a gene known for its significant effect on muscle growth. DNA was isolated from 95 Madura cattle blood samples collected in Pamekasan, Madura. PCR was used to amplify to MSTN region in part of the third exon, and one-way sequencing was conducted to obtain thesequence from the amplified product. Six SNPs were identified. Four SNPs were novel mutations, and the other two SNPs were recorded in the Ensembl database(rs466598800 and rs211583837). Among the identified novel mutations, one mutation in c.1301G/T caused a stop codon for the TT genotype cattle. However, no cattle carried the TT genotype. Three other mutations in c.1324, c.1373, and c.1399 were missense mutations that change the amino acidsQ311L, A318P, and L335B, respectively. Most of thecattle had heterozygote genotypes for all the identified SNPs. It could also be noted that there were sequence differences in the part of the third exon identified between Madura cattle and Zebu cattle (by Tantia et al., 2006).