bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsive Professional and Educational Organisations
Authors: Coulson‐Thomas Colin
Published: September 2004

The managements of commercial, academic and professional
organistions face a combination of pressures that are forcing them to
reassess their roles and responsibilities. All will need to become more
flexible and adaptable, and more responsive to the needs of both
customers and those whose skills they wish to access. The challenges
represent considerable opportunities, and there is scope for a range of
co‐operative and collaborative arrangements and relationships between
commercial, academic and professional organisations.
Craft and Technician Skill Shortages in Engineering
Authors: Green A.E.
Published: September 2004

The occupational profile of the engineering
industry has changed radically in recent years.
Employment of craftsmen has declined in absolute
and relative terms and is projected to continue
to decrease in future. Technicians have increased
in relative significance and their employment is
forecast to remain stable. Trainees are crucial to
the future supply of qualified personnel, but the
cutback in trainees has outstripped the rate of
employment loss. Time‐series models reveal that
the length of the adjustment process which brings
supply and demand back into balance given a
shock to the system is approximately four years,
consistent with the lags in training. Trends in
manpower balances indicate that current net loss
rates from stocks will have to be reduced if supply
is to meet demand in the short and medium term.
Hence the way in which skills shortages can and
do occur in declining occupations is illustrated.
Long Term Unemployment in the Humberside Area
Authors: Vicary Simon , Treble John G. , Baker John
Published: September 2004

The skill mismatch between the pool of long‐term
unemployed and job vacancies in the Hull travel
to work area is focused on, with data provided
by a survey, the Training Agency and the National
On‐line Manpower Information Service (NOMIS).
A brief account of the industrial and employment
structure of Humberside is given, together with
an overall view of unemployment trends in the area
and the various trends in the demand for labour
as revealed by official statistics.
The Right Programme for Europe
Authors: Heath Edward
Published: September 2004

These extracts from a speech given by Mr Heath
to the Royal Institute for International Relations
and the College of Europe, in Belgium, 1989 offer
a clear view of a genuine European economy.
From the founding treaties to the Single European
Act; the issue of sovereignty; the Single European
Market and the European Monetary System
(EMS); a single thread is traced – “We in Britain
are Europeans”. The historical, pertinent and
present‐day arguments for European integration
are unfolded.
Training Credits
Authors: Howard Michael
Published: September 2004

Job training is needed for early school‐leavers to
redress the inequality they suffer compared with
those who continue in full‐time education. For this
purpose Training Credits have been devised
carrying an attractive monetary value and offering
a versatile range of options. As a result local
business and education relationships have been
reinforced, careers guidance has improved, training
information for participants and families has been
extended, greater flexibility has been afforded to
authorities to set funding levels, and young people
have been given their own purchasing power. It
is visualised that motivation in all concerned will
be vastly encouraged.
PRACTITIONERS′ CORNER
Authors: Cooper John
Published: September 2004

Education and training structures in Britain and
France have been inadequate to meet the changing
labour market demands placed on them in recent
years. In France, relatively early reform, the
introduction of more vocationally relevant material
into the school curriculum and the imposition of
training obligations on employers differ markedly
from the recent adoption of a more vocationally
relevant curriculum in British schools and the
establishment of a voluntary, business‐led and
decentralised industrial training system. Some of
the actual and potential strengths and weaknesses
of these approaches are discussed.
Quality of Working Life and Total Quality Management
Authors: James Graham
Published: September 2004

Reiterates the fundamental importance of a Quality of Working Life
(QWL) organizational culture to total quality initiatives. Briefly
examines features of a QWL commitment culture along with the new and
nearly new concepts, insights and techniques which together constitute
Total Quality Management (TQM).
Legislating for Northern Ireland′s Fair Employment Problem
Authors: Rea Desmond , Eastwood Julie
Published: September 2004

Examines the history of fair employment legislation in Northern
Ireland, outlines the nature and scope of the present law, and looks
briefly at the significant differences between fair employment law and
the law on racial equality in Great Britain. Finally reflects upon the
fair employment legislation in action.
THE CAP AND HEALTH EATING
Authors: Henson Spencer
Published: September 2004

Spencer Hanson PhD explaine how the
subsidies paid under the Common
Agricultural Policy have an indirect
effect on food consumption.
THE STORY OF NESCAFE
Authors: Monson Virginia
Published: September 2004

Virginia Monson traces the
development of this popular beverage
over fifty years
CHILDREN′S VIEWS ON DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Lund BK , Gregson K , Neale RJ , Tilston CH
Published: September 2004

A Survey among schoolchildren shows
that while some of them believe we should
eat less fat, they are unsure about how to
achieve this. B.K.Lund, K. Gregson, R.J.
Neals and C.H. Tilston describe their
research.
Infra‐red Heating and Food Processing
Authors: Driscoll John
Published: September 2004

Highlights the lack of detailed published information on the use of
infra‐red heating in food processing in the UK. Provides a number of
answers based on conclusions from a recent seminar. These are a
reluctance of users to reveal information to their competitors of where
it is used, perceived technical problems (some infra‐red heaters contain
glass) and fears on energy costs which restrict its wider use and lack
of knowledge of the technology by food processing plant manufacturers.
Discusses the attributes of infra‐red heating and gives some examples of
its use (not all in the UK) for food processing.
Research for Food Safety
Authors: Fallows Stephen
Published: September 2004

Focuses on food safety, food quality and nutrition and the Ministry
of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food′s (MAFF) responsibility to maintain a
complete awareness of developments in order that standards may be
maintained. Reviews MAFF priorities and strategy for the period
1992‐1994. The attention is placed on ensuring that food is safe to eat,
with consumers protected from all avoidable risk. The research
requirement is wide ranging and covers matters such as microbiological
safety, chemical safety, nutrient content, adulteration and food
authenticity. A major theme is the development of expertise in risk
management and the need to be able to deal scientifically with emerging
issues.
“UMAMI”: THE FIFTH BASIC TASTE
Authors: Conn Helen
Published: September 2004

Umami (the so‐called fifth basic taste in addition to
sweet, sour, salt and bitter) is the descriptive term given to glutamate
found naturally in foods or added as the flavour‐enhancer monosodium
glutamate, as well as other combinations of glutamate and nucleotides.
Discusses natural sources of glutamate, as well as commercial production
and uses of these flavour‐enhancers. Reviews legislation, thus providing
a rounded up‐to‐date picture of this new and fascinating subject area.
Food‐borne Viruses
Authors: Halligan Aynsley
Published: September 2004

Outlines the role of viruses in relation to food safety. Those of
significance fall largely into two groups – the so‐called small
round‐structured viruses and Hepatitis A virus – the original
source of which is human faeces. This may contaminate foods “in
the field”, especially in the case of shellfish, or during food
handling by infected food handlers. Although viruses cannot grow in
foods, contamination of foods followed by person‐to‐person spread can
lead to major outbreaks. The public health significance of food‐borne
viruses is likely to become better appreciated as methods for their
detection improve.
Total Quality Management and its Application to the Food‐processing Industry
Authors: Strugnell C.J.
Published: September 2004

Briefly describes the effect recent food safety scares have had on
the UK food‐processing industry and outlines recent food legislation
brought in both to increase consumer confidence and to strengthen
existing regulations. Also addresses the matters of BS 5750, HACCP and
Total Quality Management, as they relate to the food industry, and
concludes with the benefits which such an approach can have both for the
industry in general and the consumer in particular.
FOOD SAFETY IN THE HOME: CURRENT MICROBIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Eley Adrian
Published: September 2004

Despite the publication of two comprehensive reports (Richmond I
and II) on the microbiological safety of food, together with new
legislation, there has been little direct action concerning food safety
in the home. Of particular relevance has been new research data which
have shown that smaller numbers of bacteria are able to cause food
poisoning, which stresses the importance of cross‐contamination. Doubts
also have been raised about the safety of cooking raw meat in microwave
ovens. Of perhaps greater impact have been the increased demands of food
manufacturers and consumers on refrigeration. This has resulted, for
example, from the increasing popularity of convenience foods and a
reduction in the use of preservatives. Furthermore, many bacteria
implicated in food poisoning are able to grow at relatively low
temperatures. Recommendations include new standards by manufacturers of
refrigerators and microwave ovens, together with a greater awareness and
education of food safety issues.
Coffee, Caffeine and Health: The Real Story
Authors: Papadopoulos Sophia
Published: September 2004

Misconceptions about the health effects of coffee and caffeine are common, and, as only a tiny amount of published research ever reaches the public eye, this is perhaps not surprising. The inconsistent and often contradictory results within any subject in coffee/caffeine and health research leads to further confusion, while the stimulatory effects of caffeine are subject to considerable inter‐individual variation, affecting personal attitudes (whether positive or negative) towards caffeinated beverages. Assessing individual research studies on their own merit, and putting into perspective the overall data on a number of health topics, from cardiovascular disease to cancer, does suggest that the health risks of moderate coffee or caffeine consumption are not as great as may have been assumed. Individuals should perhaps not be concerned about the effects of drinking coffee on their physical wellbeing.
New Molecular Methods for the Detection of Bacteria in Food
Authors: Eley Adrian
Published: September 2004

In order to maintain food safety standards, conventional
microbiological methods are still being used to detect bacteria and
other organisms in food. However, these techniques are not ideal, as
often it can be many days before results are known‐which may be of
particular economic importance for those foods with a short shelf‐life.
The introduction of newer technology, such as nucleic acid probe and
related amplification technology in other fields, has transformed the
detection of many organisms. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) allows
nucleic acid probes, with their inherent specificity, to be used to
detect organisms present in very low numbers within a short period of
time. However, at present, in food microbiology, there are technical
problems with using the PCR, as certain components in food interfere
with the reaction. When these problems are resolved and with prospects
for semi‐automation of the PCR technique, there should be enormous
potential for the rapid detection of bacteria in foods, with consequent
benefits to the food industry and to consumers.
Functional Foods: Foods of the Future?
Authors: Sadler Michèle
Published: September 2004

Reviews a conference on functional foods organized by International
Business Communications, London, UK, 22 February 1993. Reports on the
development of the concept of functional foods in Japan and its recent
up‐take in the West. Lists potential ingredients which are being, or
could be, included in functional foods with the express purpose of
providing certain health benefits to the consumer. States the need for
regulations (in the UK functional foods are covered by a general food
law) to protect consumers against manufacturers′ false claims and to
ensure that the market does not out‐run the scientific basis
Drug‐Diet Interactions in Elderly People
Authors: Herne Sally
Published: September 2004

Discusses the current situation whereby the majority of elderly
people in the UK regularly take at least one prescribed drug and a
significant proportion are given long‐term multiple drug therapy. Those
in institutions are particularly prone to over‐prescribing. Shows that
the rate of prescription is highly significant because large numbers of
elderly people have adverse reactions to their medication. In the case
of nutritional reactions, the side‐effects of drugs can cause loss of
interest in food or precipitate micronutrient deficiencies. Notes that
in an elderly person these drug‐diet reactions have considerable
knock‐on effects on nutritional status, physical and mental health and
immunity to infection. Stresses, therefore, that programmes of drug
review and reductions are vital among all elderly people but should be
integrated especially into the routines of homes and hospitals
Vegetarianism — Food for the Future
Authors: Silverstone Rob
Published: September 2004

Presents the history and rationale behind vegetarianism. Considers
the nutritional profile of vegetarian diets before analysing the
consumer response to vegetarian cuisine and retail products.
The Military Approach to Competitive Advantage
Authors: Shiner Donald V.
Published: September 2004

Military command, control, communications and intelligence systems
(c3i) have their historical roots in the early literature of business.
This article explores the nature of c3i and how the military approach
can provide practical guidance in today′s highly competitive business
environment, for managers who want to improve their business
intelligence systems, and in particular their marketing information
system.
Evaluating Aggressive Marketing Strategies for
Smaller‐share Firms
Authors: Stasch Stanley F. , Ward John L.
Published: September 2004

Empirical research on successful and unsuccessful marketing
strategies indicates that smaller‐share firms in established markets
have difficulty gaining market share profitability. An empirically based
framework of questions to guide the managers of such firms when
evaluating an aggressive marketing strategy they have under
consideration is presented. A literature review of the prescriptions for
smaller‐share firms basically suggests the two strategies of
differentiation and/or focus on faster growing segments. The authors
research of 31 case histories offers several more strategic
recommendations for the management of smaller‐share firms.
Management in the Professional Practice
Authors: of the Editorial Staff Members
Published: September 2004

The coverage and gaps in published materials are
examined in the management of professional practices.
An over zealous approach to advertising may be
distracting attention from other more significant
developments in practice management.
The Valuation of Brands
Authors: Penrose Noel , Moorhouse Martin
Published: September 2004

Recent merger and takeover activity in the branded goods sector has
now prompted a number of companies to place formal valuations on their
brand assets and include these in their balance sheets. The authors
believe brand valuation is an exciting management tool for the
measurement of brand performance and other purposes. The article
considers possible ways to value brands, brand strength and the use of
this valuation.
The Service Excellence Experience
Authors: Moores Brian
Published: September 2004

The experience is reported of a recent study tour of US companies
which are known for their outstanding levels of customer service. A
number of themes for success are highlighted which relate to human
resource issues, operational considerations and marketing, together with
some of the performance indicators which are central to the provision of
excellent service.
Marketing Health‐check!
Authors: Brooksbank Roger
Published: September 2004

A major survey into the marketing practices of higher and lower
performing groups of UK‐based medium‐sized manufacturing companies is
reviewed. Data were collected by means of a mail questionnaire survey
together with a smaller number of personal interviews. The research
findings are summarised in the form of a manager′s checklist; with each
item corresponding to a “key marketing success factor” found
to set apart the top‐performing companies.
Forces Driving Rapid Technological Development
Authors: Ranganath Nayak P.
Published: September 2004

Rapid technological development is not only profitable but
represents a kind of know‐how that yields great competitive advantage.
Modelling is used to show the extraordinary profit advantage in reducing
product development lead time. Examples are then given of ways in which
rapid technological development can be a competitive weapon. There are
three key variables influencing success in using it: rate of change of
product designs, number of models in existence, complexity of the
product. A strategy for innovation is outlined; recommendations are made
for idea generation and problem solving, and for achieving quality in
product planning. Finally the article analyses the elements in speedy
project execution, including allocation of the time of critical
personnel.
Brands and Eastern Europe
Authors: Blackett Tom
Published: September 2004

Recent moves to democratisation of Eastern Europe, and aspirations
to western lifestyles, do not guarantee easy penetration of western
branded consumer goods. There is demand mainly for conspicuous tokens of
capitalism (Levi′s, BMWs, Adidas). Barriers to developing markets for
faster‐moving goods like food and drink include limited resources,
primitive distribution systems and adequate basic foodstuffs.
European Journal of Marketing
Authors: Gilmore Audrey , Carson David
Published: September 2004

Considers the more recent literature concerning the measurement of
service quality, and questions whether there has been real research
progression.
International Journal of Bank Marketing
Authors: Ennew Christine , Mckechnie Sally
Published: September 2004

Examines the rationale for a green approach to marketing. Argues
that banks can achieve competitive advantage through adopting a greening
approach, and looks at the variety of responses which can be made to the
increasing environmental concern of stakeholders. Examines areas where
there is potential for banks to green their product range.
Learning to Manage Change
Authors: Williams Hank
Published: September 2004

Discussions with five different organisations are reviewed to
establish the skills necessary to manage change. It is argued that
structural change has to be accompanied by a change of ethos. This has
to be supported by changes in the behavioural repertoire of managers,
for example the ability to ask questions, to handle conflict, to manage
groups. Work on these through courses using behavioural analysis
methodology is described.
Learning Organisations – How to Create Them
Authors: Beck Mike
Published: September 2004

A learning organisation is defined as one which communicates a
sense of organisational achievement associated with personal development
for all employees. Visits to several US companies are discussed, and
influences on organisational learning described. It is concluded that no
major differences attributable to national culture exist between US and
UK companies. Ideas are suggested to promote organisational learning.
THE INDIVIDUAL AND LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Mumford Alan
Published: September 2004

It is argued that management development has been too concerned
with inputs instead of outputs. The author′s research on learning styles
is described and his most recent work on how managers learn from work
experience is discussed. This is shown to be driven by four approaches
– intuitive, incidental, retrospective and prospective.
ANGLO‐GERMAN MISUNDERSTANDINGS IN LANGUAGE AND BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Rothlach Roswitha
Published: September 2004

Two “stories” are given to illustrate the cultural
differences that exist between the Germans and the British. These are
especially evident in the vagaries of speech and behavioural norms
between the two countries; and unless recognised can seriously affect
the outcome of business negotiations.
MANAGERIAL COMPETENCES
Authors: Miller Linda
Published: September 2004

National Vocational Qualifications are currently being drawn up
across all sectors of industry for both craft and operative workers and
for managers and supervisors. At managerial and supervisory level a
central concern for this initiative has been the recognition and
identification of core transferable managerial skills that are common
across industries. Responsibility for identifying these “generic
competences” has lain with the Management Charter Initiative
(MCI). In Industrial and Commercial Training Vol. 22 No. 5 Roy
Canning criticised what he termed “the MCI approach”, and
argued that the search for generic competences would not benefit
industry. This article explains the rationale behind the competence
approach and answers Canning′s criticisms, pointing out that what
Canning has taken issue with bears no resemblance to the competence
model currently being developed by the MCI and other lead bodies.
INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING – THE PURSUIT
OF CHANGE
Authors: Mumford Alan
Published: September 2004

Examines the importance of the individual and the organisation in
the learning process of managers. Discusses recognising and using
learning opportunities, providing help, and using real‐time management
experience for learning. Focuses on action learning and empowerment.
DEVELOPING EUROPEAN TRAINERS
Authors: Coupland Lester
Published: September 2004

Fourteen Europeans are taking part in a two‐year professional
development programme that gives them hands‐on training and consultancy
experience in four different European countries. The European Training
of Trainers and Training Consultants Programme, described in this
article, is being run by four organisations from Spain, France, Belgium
and the UK. It is based on a mixture of “doing and
reviewing”, and aims to produce training and development
professionals who are able to incorporate the intercultural dimension
into their training activities and so help their organisations cope
effectively as they develop their operations and compete on a
Europe‐wide basis.
REVIEW AND GUIDANCE OF TRAINEE WORKING STYLES
Authors: Conner Mark , Warr Peter
Published: September 2004

Functional competences and effective working styles are
distinguished as aspects of occupational competence. Two types of review
and guidance meeting are described: progress review meetings and
transitional review meetings. Possible procedures for assessing
functional competences and effective working styles in each type of
review are outlined, including a simple practical questionnaire for
recording views of the trainer and trainee about current progress
towards effective working styles. Those views are summarised on an
easy‐to‐use working styles index. By comparing the versions of the index
completed by a trainee and by his or her trainer, progress and plans can
be discussed, and agreement reached about areas deserving special
attention in future.
INVESTING IN PEOPLE
Authors: Chaudhry‐Lawton Rani , Terry Angela
Published: September 2004

Fierce competition and changing strategies in the financial sector
are raising awareness of the vital role of interpersonal skills in
business success. This change is charted and it is explained how
financial organisations need to ensure that the “soft”
issues such as values, behaviour and interpersonal skills go hand in
hand with the traditional “hard” elements of strategy and
objectives. At present, in many financial organisations the
“soft” side is clearly out of balance, lightweight and
undervalued. Six key skills are identified: relationship building,
collaboration, trust, listening and learning, the “what” and
“how”, and results orientation. Interpersonal skills
training is not only about raising awareness but about actually changing
the way people behave. It must be specific and reflect an organisation′s
culture and values. Finally, it must be consistently applied across an
organisation at every level to ensure success.
MAKING A DIFFERENCE – INTEGRATION CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Leary Malcolm
Published: September 2004

Reintroduces the concept of an integration phase in an
organization′s social system to bring together its economic and
technical sub‐systems, and to synthesize individual and organizational
needs. Details the basic principles and values inherent in such a phase,
relates it to business‐led learning, TQM, lean production, the learning
company, work structuring, and the “greening” of
organizations. A major change of consciousness lies behind
“integration” – to externally oriented, perception
consciousness focused on the needs of people and groups. Warns against
the shadow side of over‐commitment to integration.
TEAM‐BASED CULTURAL CHANGE – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Wellbelove David
Published: September 2004

Fundamental changes in market dynamics and organizational
structures under way in the 1990s demand new and more flexible working
behaviour. Looks at how a major UK information technology company, faced
with a significant shift in the marketplace, introduced a team‐based
culture to move aggressively into value‐added services. The approach is
notable for its speed of implementation and how management was used in
the change process. The success of the programme, called Teamwork, led
to its adoption as a model by other European affiliates of the company.
Issues Facing Multi‐unit Hospitality Organisations in a
Maturing Market
Authors: Olsen Michael D.
Published: September 2004

An overview of the trends occurring within the hospitality industry
environment and their impact on organisational strategy, structure and
performance is presented.
Management Strategy in Employee Relations: Some Changes in
the Catering Industry
Authors: Kelliher Claire
Published: September 2004

The ways in which management strategy has developed in employee
relations with particular reference to the UK catering industry are
examined. A comparison is made between practices in the public and
private sectors.
International Hotel Advertising: The Standardisation Debate
Authors: Messenger Sally J. , Mei Lin Soo
Published: September 2004

Focus is on the extent to which international hotel companies are
attempting to standardise their advertising messages as they move
towards serving a more internationally based market. The characteristics
of advertising in the hotel industry are reviewed, together with an
examination of the arguments for and against standardisation in
international advertising. An overview of a piece of research undertaken
in Hong Kong and the UK to determine the level of standardisation is
provided together with the results of the project.
Hospitality Internationalisation: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Beattie Rachel M.
Published: September 2004

An analysis of the extent of internationalisation within the
European hotel industry is presented. Porter′s industry mapping
technique is applied to 62 sample companies to identify strategic groups
within the industry and any possible correlation between company size
and degree of internationalisation. Analysis proves that there are no
clearly defined strategic groups in the European hotel industry due to
the diversity of the companies involved, and that size is not a
prerequisite for internationalisation.
Products still the limit for MAP
Authors: Kochan A.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the difficulties delaying widespread adoption of MAP as a
vital manufacturing tool. Considers the facilities of MAP which makes
the pilot projects popular, and cites user reluctance and lack of
products as the two major factors holding back the number of MAP
applications.
Technology no longer a risk for cells
Authors: Kochan A.
Published: September 2004

Considers the state of linked machining cells manufacture as an
accepted manufacturing tool. Describes various new products in the FMS
sector, including a laser processing cell which can be incorporated into
a machining cell.
French armaments company eases into FMS
Authors: Kochan A.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the adoption of FMS by the French armaments industry in
the face of smaller orders, an increasingly competitive market and worn
out machinery. Summarises the control hierarchy for the adopted FMS and
operational aspects of the system. Concludes that FMS offers benefits in
human terms, such as working conditions, in addition to productivity and
cost benefits.
Teamwork and flexibility priorities for Jaguar
Authors: Hollingum J.
Published: September 2004

Examines the CIM strategy being implemented by Jaguar Cars as an
attempt at future‐proofing its manufacturing control systems. Discusses
the assembly line hardware, monitoring system, scheduling, information
displays, supervision maintenance, and how CIM is assisting Jaguar′s
total quality programme. surmises that the combination of hardware and
software will allow steady building on existing facilities as well as
coping better with new model introduction.
Re‐skilling the operators
Authors: Lee‐Mortimer A.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the need for improving maintenance practices in order to
increase profits, with reference to the Japanese concept of total
productive maintenance. Considers that plant reliability is essential to
attain the full benefits of automated production methods, yet many
Western companies understand the need to automate without accepting the
need to maintain. Proposes a seven step plan to autonomous maintenance,
focusing on cleaning, inspection, and orderliness.
MMS and OSI: key to manufacturing communications
Authors: Hollingum J.
Published: September 2004

Reports on a study of the technical requirements and the business
case for installing an enterprise‐wide network including networking
within the factory. Discusses the use of the Manufacturing Message
Specification for communication, open systems integration technology and
the hardware used. Concludes that the biggest benefits of the project
have been experience of OSI integration, and supplier contacts.
Managing Uncertainty in Multilevel Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Vargas Gustavo A. , Dear Roger G.
Published: September 2004

The effectiveness of alternative buffering strategies in complex
multilevel assembly manufacturing systems using the Material Requirement
Planning (MRP) methodology is explored and assessed. The safety stock,
safety lead time, “hard” safety capacity, and forecast
inflation buffering strategies are tested under uncertainties of
end‐item demand, resource supply, and task control. The MRP methodology
is applied for scheduling along with a complex, realistic simulation
model for execution of operations. Average inventory levels for end and
component items, capacity utilisation, end‐item backorders and customer
undersupport are used as performance measures. Experimental results
establish safety stock and “hard” safety capacity as
dominant buffering strategies under all uncertainty conditions, and task
control is shown as the most disruptive uncertainty source.
A Structural Framework for Part Feature Recognition: A Link between Computer‐aided Design and Process Planning
Authors: Singh Nanua , Qi Dengzhou
Published: September 2004

As most existing computer‐aided design systems do not provide part feature information which is essential for process planning, automatic part feature recognition systems serve as an important link between Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). Attempts to provide a structural framework for understanding various issues related to part feature recognition. Reviews previous work in the field of part feature recognition and classifies known feature recognition systems for the sake of updating information and future research. Briefly introduces about 12 systems. Studies 31 systems and lists them in the Appendix based on 60 references. Comments on future research directions.
Local authorities and industrial property markets
Authors: Cook G.
Published: September 2004

Examines why many local authorities have become involved in
industrial property initiatives since the mid‐1970s and the range of
initiatives offered, and how these are finance – DoE urban
programme, various grants and EC assistance. Concludes that
property‐based initiatives are likely to endure since they retain
industrial production in inner cities, although the increasingly
market‐oriented approach of local authorities makes the impact of such
initiatives hard to control.
Excellence and shopping centre management
Authors: Kaye C.
Published: September 2004

Examines what is expected of shopping centre management and the
relationship of the centre manager on site and surveyor colleagues in
professional matters. Considers community relationship, shopping centre
marketing, and the problems of retailers as factors in centre
management. Concludes that turnover rents enhance the relative
attractiveness of centres, but that the ultimate competition will be for
good centre management of facilities, public, tenants and marketing.
Business Rates
Authors: Gatenby I.
Published: September 2004

Examines the new system for rate valuation and procedure for
challenging rateable values, including a resume of aspects that remain
unchanged. Considers the particular differences of practical concern to
be: the rateable values themselves, the phasing in of changes, the
procedure for challenging ratings, and the borderline cases between
domestic and non‐domestic property. Surmises that practical action
should involve obtaining procedural information before the new system
takes effect, to avoid the rush on surveyor′s services.
Management of business parks
Authors: Hodgson T.J.
Published: September 2004

Deals with business parks in excess of 250,000 sq.ft., but claims
the principles apply to smaller schemes. Establishes the need for
management. Defines the objectives. Examines the responsibilities, tasks
and strategy from the design stage onwards. Advocates an holistic
approach, embracing design, marketing, investment, management and
stakeholder care.
Property rationalisation – a local authority
initiative
Authors: Gammans John
Published: September 2004

Narrates a local government review of property stock. Concludes
that the lessons learned may be of general use. Claims that critical
review of building stock will expose assets which could be better used
thus satisfying the public and saving money.
Professional negligence in the estate management
disciplines
Authors: Lavers Anthony
Published: September 2004

Traces the development of the principles of professional negligence
especially in the 1980′s and to reappraise them in the 1990s.
Illustrates with cases designed to show perceived trends and which are
deemed significant to practitioners. Concludes by observing an
uncomfortable hardening of the courts′ attitude towards professional
negligence.
Building management systems
Authors: Brown R.G.
Published: September 2004

Quotes definition of a building and energy management system
(BEMS). Describes current (1990) technology. Explains the advantages
over conventional controls. Offers some pointers about choosing,
installing and running a BEMS. Concludes that a BEMS can optimise
efficiency and reduce costs, but rewards are proportional to the effort
taken to specify, commission, train operators and maintain.
Active investment management and the computer
Authors: Sykes Stephen G.
Published: September 2004

Explains how the computer can help investment managers. Categorizes
the principal uses as: valuation, investment analysis, development
appraisal and estate management. Gives an overview of what a good system
should be able to do. Concludes that it is a combination of the computer
and the expertise of the user which makes for success.
Insuring building defects: new possibilities
Authors: Gloyn William J.
Published: September 2004

Comments on the perceived unfairness of the tenant being
responsible for latent building defects. Relates how the situation was
changed in the early 1980s, making the commercial landlord responsible,
which impacted developers. Discusses how insurance provides a solution,
contrasting this with the “decennial” code. Explains how the
policy should be worded and indicates premium costs. Concludes that
future policies will have to be more comprehensive. Concludes that
litigation is not a satisfactory solution.
Distress and forfeiture as the property manager′s options
Authors: Pennicott P.
Published: September 2004

Considers the use of distress as an effective and efficient means
of resolving non‐payment of commercial property rent. Asserts that
distress is rarely used because it is not properly understood. Discusses
which goods are excluded from distraint, the role of bailiffs in such
cases, valuation of distrained goods and the enforcement of Walking
Possession Agreement in relation to distress.
A MANAGEMENT SYNOPSIS OF EMPOWERMENT
Authors: van Oudtshoorn Mike , Thomas Laurie
Published: September 2004

Investigates “empowerment” and its relevance to
management and organizations. Discusses in detail the advantages and
disadvantages of empowerment and disempowerment. Business organizations
are set up so that no one is totally empowered nor totally disempowered.
Shows various stages of empowered and disempowered people and cultures
to enable further progress and concludes that clarifying, coaching and
counselling individuals is the progressive way to go.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSFORMING LEADERS: TRAINING THE
“COACHING ENABLER” IN DELEGATION AND EMPOWERMENT THROUGH THE JONICO
WINDOW
Authors: Nicholls John
Published: September 2004

Uses the familiar Johari window. This device usefully illustrates
the importance of feedback and sharing in the development of
interpersonal relationships. The Jonico window, by contrast, illustrates
the manager′s use of delegation and empowerment in the development and
motivation of subordinates. Describes how it can be used as a powerful
tool in leadership training for managers. The benefits of delegation and
empowerment, as illustrated in the window, encourage managers to lead as
“enablers” – making full use of their people′s
capability. It can also be used to encourage managers to go beyond their
people′s current capability and lead as “coaching enablers”.
Their leadership then becomes transforming as they use the Pygmalion
effect to stretch and grow their people. Using self‐assessment
questionnaires, managers can compare their profile with that of an ideal
coaching enabler. The profile also shows the extent to which they tend
to fall short by behaving in one or other of three aberrant ways:
nervous delegators, remote abdicators or mistrustful meddlers.
A teenager’s view of puberty
Authors: McWhirter Jenny
Published: September 2004

Explores what teenagers really think about growing up using the
draw and write technique. Tests the relevancy of this technique with
older pupils and discusses the outcomes. Leads to questioning the
content of the school′s sex education programme. Suggests the technique
might be used as an introductory activity to be repeated after the
lesson(s) to enable pupils to compare their own responses and to enable
evaluation of the programme so that the next lesson can be planned
accordingly.
Risks and choices
Authors: Joyce Ruth
Published: September 2004

Suggests ways to help young people consider the implications if
they are thinking about using drugs or find themselves in situations
where drugs are available. Looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the
staff who are to deliver the educational programme in question and the
development of a pack of materials suited to the needs of the school.
Proposes an outline programme which aims to be flexible enough to enable
experienced teachers to use it as successfully as those with little
experience. Concludes by stating that the responsibility for keeping
people up‐to‐date does not lie only with schools but also with parents.
USING BRAIN HEMISPHERICITY TO ENHANCE CAREER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Johnson Pamela R. , Indvik Julie
Published: September 2004

Managing one′s career entails knowing if one is primarily intuitive
or analytical when approaching tasks. Right‐brain management techniques
rely on feelings – intuition and creativity – to solve
problems. On the other hand, left‐brain‐oriented managers follow
rational and logical methods of reasoning. Available research indicates
that at top management levels right‐brain and integrative‐brain‐skills
are needed more than purely left‐brain skills in decision making.
Analysis is thought to be predominantly a left‐brain activity; intuition
is traditionally seen as a right‐brain activity. It is the integration
and synthesis of both left – and right‐brain activity which are
critical to the management process. Left – and right‐brain
hemisphericity is discussed, a brain development technique offered,
interpersonal dynamics which employ the intuitive right‐brain in the
management process suggested, and how brain hemisphericity and intuition
enhance career management is indicated.
PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS TO LEADERSHIP: ADVANCEMENT FOR
CORPORATE SECTOR WOMEN
Authors: Kisch June , Ryan Charles
Published: September 2004

Critical impediments for women in leadership positions, both in the
corporate and educational sector, continue to block progress. Identifies
barriers to success from a socio‐cultural and psychological perspective,
such as sex‐role stereotyping, few female role models, and societal
attitudes towards women as leaders. Barriers impeding success are
procrastination, lack of acceptance, and “it′s a man′s
world” attitude. University personnel planning leadership training
programmes must consider the needs stated by respondents to this survey
and offer seminars based on their specific requests. Requested
programmes included: effective communication skills, stress management,
time management, problem solving, team building, public speaking,
supervisory skills, organisational politics, human relations skills, and
self‐esteem building.
GRADUATE EDUCATION FOR ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL: A
METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY STUDY
Authors: Messner Phillip E. , Ryan Charles W. , Leonard B. Charles
Published: September 2004

Examines the findings of a survey aimed at identifying the
education needs of leadership personnel in institutions of higher
education within a metropolitan service area. Respondents, occupying
primarily mid‐level administrative positions, cited administrative
behaviour, leadership and personnel management as training areas that
best matched their professional advancement needs. Concludes that
university‐based seminars, workshops and standard credit bearing courses
can provide “corporate level” training to assist mid‐level
managers in expanding their leadership vision.
CAREER EXPECTATIONS FOR ACCOUNTANTS IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Poon Teng Fatt James
Published: September 2004

Accountancy is an important profession in the business world.
Almost every firm requires an accountant and this enhances the job
opportunities available in the market. Because of the need to keep up
with the fast‐changing world, accountancy courses have become extremely
popular with students and executives. Examines the expectations of
accountancy students and accounting professionals of the career
prospects in accountancy. Seeks to compare the views of accounting
professionals with that of accountancy students on issues such as
expectations, career prospects, and essential qualities in the field of
accountancy. Hopefully, the survey carried out on 30 accounting
professionals and 50 first‐year accountancy students will create an
awareness of the issues and help to restructure the accounting
curriculum to emphasize the importance of the findings.
Numerical simulation of compressible flow induced by a heat and mass
source in a partially—open cavity
Authors: Allançon L. , Porterie B. , Saurel R. , Loraud J.C.
Published: September 2004

A numerical analysis is given for the prediction of unsteady,
two‐dimensional fluid flow induced by a heat and mass source in an
initially closed cavity which is vented when the internal overpressure
reaches a certain level. A modified ICE technique is used for solving the
Navier–Stokes equations governing a compressible flow at a low Mach
number and high temperature. Particular attention is focused on the treatment
of the boundary conditions on the vent surface. This has been treated by an
original procedure using the resolution of a Riemann problem. The
configuration investigated may be viewed as a test problem which allows
simulation of the ventilation and cooling of such cavities. The injection of
hot gases is found to play a key role on the temperature field in the
enclosure, whereas the vent seems to produce a distortion of the dynamic
flow‐field only. When the injection of hot gases is stopped, the
enclosure heat transfer is strongly influenced by the vent. A comparison with
the results obtained when the radiative heat transfer between the walls of
the enclosure is considered, indicate that radiation dominates the heat
transfer in the enclosure and alters the flow patterns
significantly.
Numerical simulation of turbulent flow for calibration of cross‐correlation flow measurements
Authors: Stekelenburg A.J.C. , Van der Hagen T.H.J.J. , Van Den Akker H.E.A.
Published: September 2004

The cross‐correlation flow measurement technique, applied for
measuring the coolant flow rate in a nuclear reactor, was calibrated with the
use of numerical simulations of turbulent flow. The three‐dimensional
domain was collapsed into two dimensions. With a two‐dimensional
calculation of steady‐state flow with transient thermal
characteristics the response of thermocouples to a temperature variation was
calculated. By cross‐correlating the calculated thermocouple
responses, the link between total flow rate and measured transit times was
made. The reliability of the calibration was estimated at
±4.6%. In addition, a measured velocity profile effect was
successfully predicted.
Flow calculation in a loop‐scavenged two‐stroke motored
engine
Authors: Tsui Y.‐Y. , Cheng H.‐P.
Published: September 2004

A multidimensional calculation method is used to investigate the flow in
a motored two‐stroke engine. The governing equations are written in a
moving‐coordinate system such that the grid can move with the piston.
Grid lines are added into or deleted from the computational domain, depending
on opening or closure of the ports. The EPISO algorithm is modified and
adopted as the solution procedure. Calculations are performed on an engine of
loop‐scavenged type. Details of the gas exchange process and the flow
structure in the cylinder are shown. The effects of the engine speed, inlet
discharge coefficient and the angle of boost port are examined.