bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the flow of Atlantic water and temperature anomalies in the Nordic Seas toward the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Chafik L. , Nilsson J. , Skagseth Ø. , Lundberg P.
Published: November 2015

The climatic conditions over the Arctic Ocean are strongly influenced by the inflow of warm Atlantic water conveyed by the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current (NwASC). Based on sea surface height (SSH) data from altimetry, we develop a simple dynamical measure of the NwASC transport to diagnose its spatio‐temporal variability. This supports a dynamical division of the NwASC into two flow regimes; the Svinøy Branch (SvB) in the southern Norwegian Sea, and the Fram Strait Branch (FSB) west of Spitsbergen. The SvB transport is well correlated with the SSH and atmospheric variability within the Nordic Seas, factors that also affect the inflow to the Barents Sea. In contrast, the FSB is influenced by regional atmospheric conditions around Svalbard and northern Barents Sea. Using a composite analysis, we further relate anomalous strong SvB flow events to temperature fluctuations along the core of Atlantic water. A warm composite anomaly is found to propagate northward, with a tendency to amplify enroute, after these events. A roughly 12 months delayed temperature signal is identified in the FSB. However, also in the Lofoten Basin interior a delayed temperature signal is found, which appears to originate from the NwASC. This study suggests that hydrographic anomalies both upstream from the North Atlantic, and locally generated in the Norwegian Sea, are important for the oceanic heat and salt transport that eventually enters into the Arctic.
Loitering of the retreating sea ice edge in the Arctic Seas
Authors: Steele Michael , Ermold Wendy
Published: November 2015

Each year, the arctic sea ice edge retreats from its winter maximum extent through the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) to its summer minimum extent. On some days, this retreat happens at a rapid pace, while on other days, parts of the pan‐arctic ice edge hardly move for periods of days up to 1.5 weeks. We term this stationary behavior “ice edge loitering,” and identify areas that are more prone to loitering than others. Generally, about 20–25% of the SIZ area experiences loitering, most often only one time at any one location during the retreat season, but sometimes two or more times. The main mechanism controlling loitering is an interaction between surface winds and warm sea surface temperatures in areas from which the ice has already retreated. When retreat happens early enough to allow atmospheric warming of this open water, winds that force ice floes into this water cause melting. Thus, while individual ice floes are moving, the ice edge as a whole appears to loiter. The time scale of loitering is then naturally tied to the synoptic time scale of wind forcing. Perhaps surprisingly, the area of loitering in the arctic seas has not changed over the past 25 years, even as the SIZ area has grown. This is because rapid ice retreat happens most commonly late in the summer, when atmospheric warming of open water is weak. We speculate that loitering may have profound effects on both physical and biological conditions at the ice edge during the retreat season.
Anatomizing one of the largest saltwater inflows into the Baltic Sea in December 2014
Authors: Gräwe Ulf , Naumann Michael , Mohrholz Volker , Burchard Hans
Published: November 2015

In December 2014, an exceptional inflow event into the Baltic Sea was observed, a so‐called Major Baltic Inflow (MBI). Such inflow events are important for the deep water ventilation in the Baltic Sea and typically occur every 3–10 years. Based on first observational data sets, this inflow had been ranked as the third largest since 100 years. With the help of a multinested modeling system, reaching from the North Atlantic (8 km resolution) to the Western Baltic Sea (600 m resolution, which is baroclinic eddy resolving), this event is reproduced in detail. The model gave a slightly lower salt transport of 3.8 Gt, compared to the observational estimate of four Gt. Moreover, by using passive tracers to mark the different inflowing water masses, including an age tracer, the inflowing water masses could be tracked and their paths and timing through the different basins could be reproduced and investigated. The analysis is supported by the recently developed Total Exchange Flow (TEF) to quantify the volume transport in different salinity classes. To account for uncertainties in the modeled velocity and tracer fields, a Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) is applied to correct possible biases and errors. With the help of the MCA, 95% confidence intervals are computed for the transport estimates. Based on the MCA, the “best guess” of the volume transport is 291.0 ± 13.65 km3 and 3.89 ± 0.18 Gt for the total salt transport.
Exploring bin‐macrophysics models for moist convective transport and clouds
Authors: Neggers R. A. J.
Published: November 2015

This study explores a mass flux framework for moist convective transport and clouds that is formulated in terms of discretized size densities. The properties of each bin in these histograms are estimated individually, making use of a rising plume model. In this framework, the number density acts as a weight, appearing in the area fraction of the mass flux. Such “bin‐macrophysics” models have the benefit that bulk closures become redundant, and that scale‐awareness is introduced at the basis of the formulation. Large‐eddy simulation results are used to verify the design of this framework and to constrain associated constants of proportionality. The behavior of the framework is explored by means of single‐column model simulations of various idealized cases of shallow and deeper surface‐driven convection. A smoothly developing solution for a deepening marine shallow cumulus case is obtained, reproducing key aspects of transport and clouds that define this regime. Further investigation of the size statistics of the framework reveals that indirect interactions between size‐bins play a key role in the equilibration process. An “acceleration‐detrainment” layer is identified above cloud base in which the flux uptake by the largest plumes is counteracted by the detrainment by decelerating smaller plumes. This suppresses CIN, and thus acts to preserve the cloud‐subcloud coupling. The convective mass flux shows sensitivity to environmental humidity in the deeper convective cases, reproducing transitions from shallow‐to‐deep convection. Sensitivity tests are performed to assess the impact of various components of the framework.
Highly Flexible Transparent Electrodes Containing Ultrathin Silver for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ghosh Dhriti Sundar , Liu Quan , Mantilla‐Perez Paola , Chen Tong Lai , Mkhitaryan Vahagn , Huang Minghuang , Garner Sean , Martorell Jordi , Pruneri Valerio
Published: November 2015

Transparent electrodes (TEs) having electrooptical trade‐offs better than state‐of‐the‐art indium tin oxide (ITO) are continuously sought as they are essential to enable flexible electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, a TiO2‐Ag‐ITO (TAI)‐based TE is introduced and its use is demonstrated in an inverted polymer solar cell (I‐PSCs). Thanks to the favorable nucleation and wetting conditions provided by the TiO2, the ultrathin silver film percolates and becomes continuous with high smoothness at very low thicknesses (3–4 nm), much lower than those required when it is directly deposited on a plastic or glass substrate. Compared to conventional ITO‐TE, the proposed TAI‐TE exhibits exceptionally lower electrical sheet resistance (6.2 Ω sq−1), higher optical transmittance, a figure‐of‐merit two times larger, and mechanical flexibility, the latter confirmed by the fact that the resistance increases only 6.6% after 103 tensile bending cycles. The I‐PSCs incorporating the TAI‐TE show record power conversion efficiency (8.34%), maintained at 96% even after 400 bending cycles.
Ein durch Halogen‐Halogen‐Wechselwirkungen zusammengehaltenes 2D‐Polychloridnetzwerk
Authors: Brückner Robin , Haller Heike , Steinhauer Simon , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian
Published: November 2015

Aus einem Eutektikum zweier ionischer Flüssigkeiten wurde das neuartige Polychlorid [Et4N]2[(Cl3)2⋅Cl2] kristallisiert, welches eine anionische Schichtstruktur aus einem 2D‐Polychloridnetzwerk besitzt. Aufgrund ihres niedrigen Schmelzpunkts und Dampfdrucks kann die Verbindung als RTIL (room temperature ionic liquid) beschrieben werden. Die Verbindung wurde mittels IR‐ und Raman‐Spektroskopie sowie Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse vollständig charakterisiert. Quantenchemische Festkörperberechnungen bestätigen die experimentellen Ergebnisse und geben weitere Einblicke in die Bindungssituation.
Stabilizer‐Guided Inhibition of Protein–Protein Interactions
Authors: Milroy Lech‐Gustav , Bartel Maria , Henen Morkos A. , Leysen Seppe , Adriaans Joris M. C. , Brunsveld Luc , Landrieu Isabelle , Ottmann Christian
Published: November 2015

The discovery of novel protein–protein interaction (PPI) modulators represents one of the great molecular challenges of the modern era. PPIs can be modulated by either inhibitor or stabilizer compounds, which target different though proximal regions of the protein interface. In principle, protein–stabilizer complexes can guide the design of PPI inhibitors (and vice versa). In the present work, we combine X‐ray crystallographic data from both stabilizer and inhibitor co‐crystal complexes of the adapter protein 14‐3‐3 to characterize, down to the atomic scale, inhibitors of the 14‐3‐3/Tau PPI, a potential drug target to treat Alzheimer’s disease. The most potent compound notably inhibited the binding of phosphorylated full‐length Tau to 14‐3‐3 according to NMR spectroscopy studies. Our work sets a precedent for the rational design of PPI inhibitors guided by PPI stabilizer–protein complexes while potentially enabling access to new synthetically tractable stabilizers of 14‐3‐3 and other PPIs.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed β,γ‐Umpolung Domino Reaction of Allenic Esters: Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzofuranones Bearing a Chiral Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Carbon Center
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Kishi Kenta , Yoshida Yasushi , Mader Steffen , Arteaga Fernando Arteaga , Lee Shoukou , Hoshino Manabu , Rueping Magnus , Fujita Makoto , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: November 2015

An enantio‐, diastereo‐, regio‐, and chemoselective phosphine‐catalyzed β,γ‐umpolung domino reaction of allenic esters with dienones has been developed for the first time. The designed sequence, involving oxy‐Michael and Rauhut–Currier reactions, produced highly functionalized tetrahydrobenzofuranones, bearing a chiral tetrasubstituted stereogenic center, in up to 96 % ee.
Metal‐Free Ammonia–Borane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by a Bis(borane) Lewis Acid
Authors: Lu Zhenpin , Schweighauser Luca , Hausmann Heike , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: November 2015

The storage of energy in a safe and environmentally benign way is one of the main challenges of today’s society. Ammonia–borane (AB=NH3BH3) has been proposed as a possible candidate for the chemical storage of hydrogen. However, the efficient release of hydrogen is still an active field of research. Herein, we present a metal‐free bis(borane) Lewis acid catalyst that promotes the evolution of up to 2.5 equivalents of H2 per AB molecule. The catalyst can be reused multiple times without loss of activity. The moderate temperature of 60 °C allows for controlling the supply of H2 on demand simply by heating and cooling. Mechanistic studies give preliminary insights into the kinetics and mechanism of the catalytic reaction.
An Enantiopure Hydrogen‐Bonded Octameric Tube: Self‐Sorting and Guest‐Induced Rearrangement
Authors: Račkauskaitė Dovilė , Gegevičius Rokas , Matsuo Yutaka , Wärnmark Kenneth , Orentas Edvinas
Published: November 2015

The assembly of a discrete hydrogen‐bonded molecular tube from eight small identical monomers is reported. Tube assembly was accomplished by means of selective heterodimerization between isocytosine and ureidopyrimidinone hydrogen‐bonding motifs embedded in an enantiopure bicyclic building block, leading to the selective formation of an octameric supramolecular tube. Upon introduction of a fullerene guest molecule, the octameric tube rearranges into a tetrameric inclusion complex and the hydrogen‐bonding mode is switched. The dynamic behavior of the system is further explored in solvent‐ and guest‐responsive self‐sorting experiments.
Ligand‐Enabled Catalytic CH Arylation of Aliphatic Amines by a Four‐Membered‐Ring Cyclopalladation Pathway
Authors: He Chuan , Gaunt Matthew J.
Published: November 2015

A palladium‐catalyzed CH arylation of aliphatic amines with arylboronic esters is described, proceeding through a four‐membered‐ring cyclopalladation pathway. Crucial to the successful outcome of this reaction is the action of an amino‐acid‐derived ligand. A range of hindered secondary amines and arylboronic esters are compatible with this process and the products of the arylation can be advanced to complex polycyclic molecules by sequential CH activation reactions.
The outcomes of educational welfare officer contact in England
Authors: Henderson Morag , Cheung Sin Yi , Sharland Elaine , Scourfield Jonathan
Published: November 2015

The key purpose of educational welfare officers in England is to support students and parents to maximise educational opportunities for young people. However more is known about their role in relation to school attendance than in relation to pupils’ educational outcomes. Using the Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England (LSYPE), this paper investigates the characteristics of teenagers who received educational welfare contact because of their behaviour between 2004 and 2006. With observational data it is often difficult to isolate respondents exposed to a particular intervention or ‘treatment’, because of non‐random allocation. We address this using inverse‐probability‐weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) to estimate more accurately the effect of educational welfare contact on outcomes of educational achievement and aspiration. Our findings indicate that young people who had educational welfare contact because of their behaviour were less likely to apply to university, less confident in university acceptance if they applied and had lower odds of achieving five General Certificate of Secondary Education at grades A*–C, the government benchmark for education achievement at age 16. We discuss the limitations we face and implications of these findings for future research.
A course‐based undergraduate research experience investigating p300 bromodomain mutations
Authors: Shanle Erin K. , Tsun Ian K. , Strahl Brian D.
Published: November 2015

Course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) provide an opportunity for students to engage in experiments with outcomes that are unknown to both the instructor and students. These experiences allow students and instructors to collaboratively bridge the research laboratory and classroom, and provide research experiences for a large number of students relative to traditional individual mentored research. Here, we describe a molecular biology CURE investigating the impact of clinically relevant mutations found in the bromodomain of the p300 transcriptional regulator on acetylated histone interaction. In the CURE, students identified missense mutations in the p300 bromodomain using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database and hypothesized the effects of the mutation on the acetyl‐binding function of the domain. They cloned and purified the mutated bromodomain and performed peptide pulldown assays to define its potential to bind to acetylated histones. Upon completion of the course, students showed increased confidence performing molecular techniques and reported positively on doing a research project in class. In addition, results generated in the classroom were further validated in the research laboratory setting thereby providing a new model for faculty to engage in both course‐based and individual undergraduate research experiences. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:68–74, 2016.
Online identity construction: How gamers redefine their identity in experiential communities
Authors: Costa Pinto Diego , Reale Getúlio , Segabinazzi Rodrigo , Vargas Rossi Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2015

This research aims to understand how gamers redefine their identity by extending, aggregating, and assembling the different dimensions of the self in experiential online communities. The authors conducted a series of filmed in‐depth and in game individual interviews, group interviews, informal conversations, and observation of online game sessions. A framework of online identity construction shows how gamers assemble their identities combining different self‐dimensions, using two different strategies: self‐extension and self‐aggregation. Self‐extension strategies consist in the idealization, development, and manipulation of avatars (their digital self). Self‐aggregation strategies refer to group participation and sharing virtual possessions within groups of players. To bring their identities from the experiential community to the real life, gamers combine these strategies by assembling and materializing identities. This framework has theoretical implications for the self, identity, and sharing in online contexts. Finally, the paper considers managerial implications and future research directions in online communities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Cationic Triangulene Dyes: Crucial Influence of the Core Heteroatoms
Authors: Adam Catherine , Wallabregue Antoine , Li Haidong , Gouin Jérôme , Vanel Rémi , Grass Stéphane , Bosson Johann , Bouffier Laurent , Lacour Jérôme , Sojic Neso
Published: November 2015

Trianguleniums are fascinating conjugated hexacyclic cations that exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties. Herein, the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) emission of this family of fluorescent dyes is reported for the first time. Redox behavior and fluorescence properties of eight cationic triangulene luminophores with different heteroatom patterns in the core structure and various pending substituents were examined to rationalize the ECL. Clearly, the more electron‐rich the carbocation, the more efficient the corresponding ECL; two very distinct classes of triangulenes can be drawn from these studies by using an ECL wall sufficiency formalism.
Synthesis of Migrastatin Analogues as Inhibitors of Tumour Cell Migration: Exploring Structural Change in and on the Macrocyclic Ring
Authors: Lo Re Daniele , Zhou Ying , Mucha Joanna , Jones Leigh F. , Leahy Lorraine , Santocanale Corrado , Krol Magdalena , Murphy Paul V.
Published: November 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue are Paul V. Murphy and co‐workers at the National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) and Warsaw University. The image depicts MGSTA‐6 giving a stop signal to tumour cells that are on the move. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502861.
Surgery for lymph node metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma: A review
Authors: Jin Linda X. , Moley Jeffrey F.
Published: November 2015

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine malignancy of the thyroid C cells that occurs in hereditary and sporadic clinical settings. Metastatic spread commonly occurs to cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. MTC cells do not concentrate radioactive iodine and are not sensitive to hormonal manipulation, and therefore surgery is the most effective option for curative therapy, reduction in tumor burden, or effective palliation. In patients undergoing preventative surgery for hereditary MTC, central lymph node dissection should be considered if the calcitonin level is elevated. Preservation of parathyroid function in these young patients is of paramount importance. In patients with established primary tumors, systematic surgical removal of lymph node basins (compartmental dissection) should be guided by ultrasound mapping of lymph node metastases and level of serum calcitonin. A “berry‐picking” approach is discouraged. Newly approved targeted molecular therapies offer wider treatment options for patients with progressive or metastatic disease. Cancer 2016;122:358–366. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Salivary gland FNA: New markers and new opportunities for improved diagnosis
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , García Joaquín J. , Faquin William C.
Published: November 2015

Salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration represents one of the most challenging areas of cytopathology; however, the discovery of several novel and/or next‐generation immunocytochemical and molecular markers for salivary gland tumors has resulted in greater diagnostic accuracy in cytologic diagnosis. In this commentary, recent advances in salivary gland cytopathology are reviewed with a focus on salivary gland tumors associated with gene rearrangements.
Development and Validation of the Morphing Fear Questionnaire (MFQ)
Authors: Zysk Eva , Shafran Roz , Williams Tim I. , Melli Gabriele
Published: November 2015

Morphing fears (also called transformation obsessions) involve concerns that a person may become contaminated by and acquire undesirable characteristics of others. These symptoms are found in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and are thought to be related to mental contamination. Given the high levels of distress and interference morphing fears can cause, a reliable and valid assessment measure is needed. This article describes the development and evaluation of the Morphing Fear Questionnaire (MFQ), a 13‐item measure designed to assess for the presence and severity of morphing fears. A sample of 900 participants took part in the research. Of these, 140 reported having a current diagnosis of OCD (SR‐OCD) and 760 reported never having had OCD (N‐OCD; of whom 24 reported a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder and 23 reported a diagnosis of depression). Factor structure, reliability and construct and criterion‐related validity were investigated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a one‐factor structure replicable across the N‐OCD and SR‐OCD group. The MFQ was found to have high internal consistency and good temporal stability and showed significantly greater associations with convergent measures (assessing obsessive–compulsive symptoms, mental contamination, thought–action fusion and magical thinking) than with divergent measures (assessing depression and anxiety). Moreover, the MFQ successfully discriminated between the SR‐OCD sample and the N‐OCD group, anxiety disorder sample and depression sample. These findings suggest that the MFQ has sound psychometric properties and that it can be used to assess morphing fear. Clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Little remains known about morphing fears, but it is an important area of investigation due to symptoms being highly distressing and often debilitating

Because morphing fears commonly present as obscure symptoms, they may not be recognized as a type of OCD

The MFQ is a robust measure with clinical utility; it can facilitate recognition and assessment of morphing fears

The MFQ will allow for further investigations of the prevalence, correlates and treatment outcomes of morphing fears.
Common Factors and Depressive Symptom Relief Trajectories in Group Teletherapy for Persons Ageing with HIV
Authors: Heckman Timothy G. , Heckman Bernadette Davantes , Anderson Timothy , Bianco Joseph A. , Sutton Mark , Lovejoy Travis I.
Published: November 2015

Telepsychology research has focused primarily on treatment efficacy, with far less attention devoted to how common factors relate to teletherapy outcomes. This research identified trajectories of depressive symptom relief in 105 older people living with HIV with elevated depressive symptoms enrolled in a randomized clinical trial testing two 12‐session group teletherapies and compared common factors (e.g., therapeutic alliance and group cohesion) across depressive symptom trajectory groups. Growth mixture modelling of weekly depression scores identified three depressive symptom change groups: (1) ‘early improvers’ (31%) who reported reductions in depressive symptoms by Session 4; (2) ‘delayed improvers’ (16%) whose symptoms improved after Session 5 and (3) ‘non‐improvers’ (53%). Therapeutic alliance was unrelated to treatment outcome group. Group cohesion was greater in early improvers than non‐improvers. Group cohesion was unexpectedly lower, and group member similarity was greater in delayed improvers than non‐improvers. Early improvers had been living with HIV/AIDS for fewer years than non‐improvers. In group teletherapy, group cohesion and group member similarity are more important than client–therapist alliance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

In group teletherapy with older people living with HIV (OPLWHIV), three latent outcome trajectory groups emerged over the 12‐week treatment period: (1) non‐improvers (53%); (2) early improvers (31%) and (3) delayed improvers (16%).

In group teletherapy with OPLWHIV, group cohesion is a stronger predictor of depressive symptom relief than is client–therapist alliance.

OPLWHIV in group teletherapy who do not respond to treatment until the latter therapy sessions can still experience depressive symptom relief comparable with early responders.
Precision medicine in the age of big data: The present and future role of large‐scale unbiased sequencing in drug discovery and development
Authors: Vicini P , Fields O , Lai E , Litwack ED , Martin A‐M , Morgan TM , Pacanowski MA , Papaluca M , Perez OD , Ringel MS , Robson M , Sakul H , Vockley J , Zaks T , Dolsten M , Søgaard M
Published: November 2015

High throughput molecular and functional profiling of patients is a key driver of precision medicine. DNA and RNA characterization has been enabled at unprecedented cost and scale through rapid, disruptive progress in sequencing technology, but challenges persist in data management and interpretation. We analyze the state‐of‐the‐art of large‐scale unbiased sequencing in drug discovery and development, including technology, application, ethical, regulatory, policy and commercial considerations, and discuss issues of LUS implementation in clinical and regulatory practice.
Integrated patient and tumor genetic testing for individualized cancer therapy
Authors: Hertz DL , McLeod HL
Published: November 2015

Tumor genome analysis is transforming cancer treatment by enabling identification of specific oncogenic drivers and selection of effective targeted agents. Meanwhile, patient genome analysis is being employed across therapeutic areas to inform selection of appropriate drugs and doses for treatment safety. Integration of patient genome analysis concurrent with preemptive tumor genetic testing will enable oncologists to make informed treatment decisions to select the right dose of the right drug for each patient and their tumor.
Improved performance‐based seismic assessment of buildings by utilizing Bayesian statistics
Authors: Esmaili Omid , Grant Ludwig Lisa , Zareian Farzin
Published: November 2015

This paper addresses two important issues of concern to practicing engineers and researchers alike in application of performance‐based seismic assessment (PBSA) methodology on buildings: (i) the number of ground motion records required to exercise PBSA—current practice (FEMA P‐58‐1) requires eleven or more pairs of motions for this purpose, and (ii) the time and effort associated with performing the number of nonlinear response history analyses required to exercise PBSA. We present a method for exercising of PBSA that employs classical linear modal analysis to develop a first estimate (i.e., a priori) of probability distribution of loss, followed by utilizing Bayesian statistics to update this estimate using estimates of loss obtained by utilizing a small number of nonlinear response history analyses of a detailed model of the building (i.e., posterior). The proposed technique is used to assess the distribution of monetary loss of two case studies, a 4‐story reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame building and a 20‐story steel moment‐resisting frame building, both located in Los Angeles, for a ground motion hazard with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The efficiency of the proposed PBSA method is demonstrated by showing the similarity between the distribution of monetary loss at each story of case study buildings obtained from the traditional/sophisticated PBSA methodology and the proposed PBSA method in this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic hazard disaggregation in performance‐based earthquake engineering: occurrence or exceedance?
Authors: Fox Matthew J. , Stafford Peter J. , Sullivan Timothy J.
Published: November 2015

Seismic hazard disaggregation is commonly used as an aid in ground‐motion selection for the seismic response analysis of structures. This short communication investigates two different approaches to disaggregation related to the exceedance and occurrence of a particular intensity. The impact the different approaches might have on a subsequent structural analysis at a given intensity is explored through the calculation of conditional spectra. It is found that the exceedance approach results in conditional spectra that will be conservative when used as targets for ground‐motion selection. It is however argued that the use of the occurrence disaggregation is more consistent with the objectives of seismic response analyses in the context of performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An immersed interface method for flow past circular cylinder in the vicinity of a plane moving wall
Authors: Li Zhong , Jaiman Rajeev K. , Khoo Boo Cheong
Published: November 2015

Two‐dimensional flows past a stationary circular cylinder near a plane boundary are numerically simulated using an immersed interface method with second‐order accuracy. Instead of a fixed wall, a moving wall with no‐slip boundary is considered to avoid the complex involvement of the boundary layer and to focus only on the shear‐free wall proximity effects for investigating the force dynamics and flow fields. To analyze the convergence and accuracy of our implementation, numerical studies have been first performed on a simple test problem of rotational flow, where the second order of convergence is confirmed through numerical experiments and an optimal range of relative grid‐match ratio of Lagrangian to Eulerian grid sizes has been recommended. By comparing the force quantities and the Strouhal number, the accuracy of this method has been demonstrated on the flow past a stationary isolated cylinder. The cylinder is then put in proximity to the wall to investigate the shear‐free wall proximity effects in the low Reynolds number regime (20≤Re≤200). The gap ratio,e/D, whereedenotes the gap between the cylinder and the moving wall andDdenotes the diameter of the cylinder, is taken from 0.10 to 2.00 to determine the critical gap ratio, (e/D)critical, for the alternate vortex shedding, where the fluid forces, flow fields and the streamwise velocity profiles are studied. One of the key findings is that the (e/D)criticalfor the alternate vortex shedding decreases as the Reynolds number increases. We also find that, in this low Reynolds number regime, the mean drag coefficient increases and peaks ate/D= 0.5 with the increase ofe/Dand keeps decreasing gently frome/D= 0.5 toe/D= 2.0, while the mean lift coefficient decreases monotonically with the increase ofe/D. New correlations are then proposed for computing force coefficients as a function ofReande/Dfor a cylinder in the vicinity of a moving plane wall. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A data‐driven approach to mapping cortical and subcortical intrinsic functional connectivity along the longitudinal hippocampal axis
Authors: Blessing Esther M. , Beissner Florian , Schumann Andy , Brünner Franziska , Bär Karl‐Jürgen
Published: November 2015

The hippocampus (HPC) is functionally heterogeneous along the longitudinal anterior–posterior axis. In rodent models, gene expression maps define at least three discrete longitudinal subregions, which also differ in function, and in anatomical connectivity with the rest of the brain. In humans, equivalent HPC subregions are less well defined, resulting in a lack of consensus in neuroimaging approaches that limits translational study. This study determined whether a data‐driven analysis, namely independent component analysis (ICA), could reproducibly define human HPC subregions, and map their respective intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) with the rest of the brain. Specifically, we performed ICA of resting‐state fMRI activity spatially restricted within the HPC, to determine the configuration and reproducibility of functional HPC components. Using dual regression, we then performed multivariate analysis of iFC between resulting HPC components and the whole brain, including detailed connectivity with the hypothalamus, a functionally important connection not yet characterized in human. We found hippocampal ICA resulted in highly reproducible longitudinally discrete components, with greater functional heterogeneity in the anterior HPC, consistent with animal models. Anterior hippocampal components shared iFC with the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, midline thalamus, and periventricular hypothalamus, whereas posterior hippocampal components shared iFC with the anterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and mammillary bodies. We show that spatially masked hippocampal ICA with dual regression reproducibly identifies functional subregions in the human HPC, and maps their respective brain intrinsic connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:462–476, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐scale phenotyping links adult hippocampal neurogenesis to the reaction to novelty
Authors: van Dijk R. Maarten , Lazic Stanley E. , Slomianka Lutz , Wolfer David P. , Amrein Irmgard
Published: November 2015

The discovery of adult‐born neurons in the hippocampus has triggered a wide range of studies that link the new neurons to various behavioral functions. However, the role of new neurons in behavior is still equivocal. Conflicting results may be due to the difficulty in manipulating neurogenesis without off‐target effects as well as the statistical approach used, which fail to account for neurogenesis‐independent effects of experimental manipulations on behavior. In this study, we apply a more comprehensive statistical and conceptual approach. Instead of between‐group analyses, we consider the within‐group relationships between neurogenesis and behavior (ANCOVA and mediation analysis) in a large‐scale experiment, in which distinct age‐ (3 and 5 months) and strain‐ (DBA and C57) related differences in basal levels of neurogenesis in mice are compared with a large number (∼1,500) of behavioral read outs. The analysis failed to detect any association between anxiety and motor impulsivity with neurogenesis. However, within‐group adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the reaction to novelty. Specifically, more neurogenesis is associated with a longer latency to explore and a lower frequency of exploratory actions, overall indicative of a phenotype where animals with more neurogenesis were slower to explore a novel environment. This effect is observed in 5‐months‐old, but not in 3‐months‐old mice of both strains. An association between the reaction to novelty and adult neurogenesis can have a major impact on results from previous studies using classical behavioral experiments, in which animals are tested in a—for the animal—novel experimental set‐up. The neurogenesis–novelty association found here is also a necessary link in the relation that has been suggested to exist between neurogenesis and psychiatric disorders marked by a failure to cope with novelty. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Well‐Balanced Designs for Data Placement
Authors: Bermond Jean‐Claude , Jean‐Marie Alain , Mazauric Dorian , Yu Joseph
Published: November 2015

The problem we consider in this article is motivated by data placement, in particular data replication in distributed storage and retrieval systems. We are given a set V of v servers along with b files (data, documents). Each file is replicated on exactly k servers. A placement consists in finding a family of b subsets of V (representing the files) called blocks, each of size k. Each server has some probability to fail and we want to find a placement that minimizes the variance of the number of available files. It was conjectured that there always exists an optimal placement (with variance better than any other placement for any value of the probability of failure). We show that the conjecture is true, if there exists a well‐balanced design—that is, a family of blocks—each of size k, such that each j‐element subset of V, , belongs to the same or almost the same number of blocks (difference at most one). The existence of well‐balanced designs is a difficult problem as it contains, as a subproblem, the existence of Steiner systems. We completely solve the case and give bounds and constructions for and some values of v and b.
An empirical examination of personal learning within the context of teams
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Jackson Susan E. , Colakoglu Saba
Published: November 2015

Using a sample of 588 employees in 59 work teams, we tested a model that situates personal learning within the context of teams, viewing it as a joint function of teams' leadership climate (i.e., transformational leadership) and task characteristics (i.e., task routineness and task interdependence). Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that the positive relationships between transformational leadership climate and the two dimensions of personal learning (relational job learning and personal skill development) were moderated by the nature of the teams' tasks. Specifically, transformational leadership climate was more strongly associated with personal learning for members of teams working on tasks that were less routine, rather than more routine. However, no significant moderation was found for leadership climate and task interdependence. Our findings underscore the importance of taking into account the contextual conditions within which leadership influence occurs while also demonstrating the potential role that leaders can play in promoting employees' personal learning. Overall, our study bolsters theories that conceptualize adult learning as a transaction between people and their social environments and points to a practical need to match leadership styles with team task characteristics to unleash transformational leadership effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drivers of high‐involvement consumers' intention to buy PDO wines: Valpolicella PDO case study
Authors: Capitello Roberta , Agnoli Lara , Begalli Diego
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

This study investigates whether different sensory profiles of wines belonging to the same Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) are perceived as different products by consumers. It identifies the drivers of consumers' intention to buy preferred wines. Descriptive sensory analysis, consumer tests and consumer interviews were conducted to reach research aims. To perform the consumer tests and interviews, 443 consumers participated in the survey. The tasted wines comprised five samples representative of Valpolicella PDO wine. Analysis of variance tests, principal component analysis and linear and logit regressions were employed to verify the research hypotheses.

RESULTS

The results demonstrated: (1) different sensory profiles exist within the Valpolicella PDO wine; (2) these sensory profiles result in consumers having the perception of diversified products; (3) the perception of differences was less marked for consumers than for trained assessors due to the different weight attributed to visual, aroma and the taste/mouthfeel hedonic dimensions; and (4) consumers' liking, as well as general perceptions, attitudes, preferences, wine knowledge and experience, contribute to consumers' intentions to buy more than the socio‐demographic characteristics of consumers.

CONCLUSION

The analysis of the drivers of consumers' intention to buy certain PDO wines provides new marketing insights into the roles of intrinsic quality, preferences and consumers' subjective characteristics in market segmentation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect and mechanism of pyridoxamine on the lipid peroxidation and stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in beef patties
Authors: Wong Daniel , Hu Xiaoqiang , Tao Ningping , Wang Xichang , Wang Mingfu
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Little is known about how vitamins can affect the peroxidation and stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cooked foods. Thus the effects of 15 vitamins on toxic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in cooked beef patties were examined with the application of solid phase extraction and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis by HPLC‐DAD. The polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles in cooked beef patties treated with some vitamins were further compared with that of control sample (no vitamin addition) by GC‐MS analysis.

RESULTS

Pyridoxamine, pyridoxine, retinoic acid, α‐tocopherol and L‐ascorbic acid exhibited significant effects lowering the amount of MDA. It was further discovered that retinoic acid, α‐tocopherol and l‐ascorbic acid could help preserve polyunsaturated fatty acids, while pyridoxamine addition actually showed no effect upon the retention of most of the tested polyunsaturated fatty acids, even lowering the content of arachidonic acid. Further LC‐MS analysis demonstrated that pyridoxamine could directly react with MDA via an addition reaction. The reaction involves a nucleophilic attack of pyridoxamine's free amine group on one of the aldehyde functional groups of MDA to form a new adduct, and may accelerate lipid peroxidation with the loss of more polyunsaturated fatty acids.

CONCLUSION

Some vitamins may directly participate in lipid peroxidation and affect food quality. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Modulation of Charge Density of Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Improving the FRET‐Induced Sensory Signal with Enhanced On/Off Ratio
Authors: Jeong Ji‐Eun , Jung In Hwan , Kim Boram , Le Van Sang , Woo Han Young
Published: November 2015

Three types of cationic polyfluorenes with a different number of ionic groups are synthesized to modulate their solubility in water and the interactions with anionic oligonucleotide probes (DNA‐C). Increasing the charge density improves the water‐solubility of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) but decreases its optical antenna effect in the electrostatic sensory platform (CPE/DNA‐C), resulting in low fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal. With increasing charge density in CPE, the concentration of conjugated units in CPE/DNA‐C decreases at [+]:[−] = 1:1, after which little driving force is expected to bring positive CPEs and negative DNA‐C into close proximity for efficient FRET. CPF2 with 2 ionic groups (per repeat unit) and hydrophilic polyether side‐chains exhibits good water‐solubility and a higher FRET signal with an enhanced signal on/off ratio. In addition, the charge density in CPEs modulates the range of sensory responses by forming a tighter or weaker electrostatic CPE/DNA‐C complex, which perturbs the probe‐target binding interactions.

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Globally generated vector bundles on the Segre threefold with Picard number two
Authors: Ballico Edoardo , Huh Sukmoon , Malaspina Francesco
Published: November 2015

We classify globally generated vector bundles on with small first Chern class, i.e. , . Our main method is to investigate the associated smooth curves to globally generated vector bundles via the Hartshorne–Serre correspondence.
Artifact‐suppressed optimal three‐dimensional T1‐ and T2*‐weighted dual‐echo imaging
Authors: Do Won‐Joon , Kim Ki Hwan , Choi Seung Hong , Park Sung‐Hong
Published: November 2015

Purpose

To develop a new artifact‐suppressed optimal three‐dimensional (3D) T1‐ and T2*‐weighted dual‐echo imaging.

Methods

We optimized flip angles for 3D T1‐ and T2*‐weighted imaging by conventional dual‐echo in vivo experiments and computer simulations, and then implemented a dual‐echo sequence with an echo‐specific k‐space reordering scheme to satisfy the optimal flip angles for both T1 and T2* contrast. We also proposed two strategies to suppress ringing artifacts induced by the abrupt flip angle jumps in the proposed dual echo sequence: (i) implementing smooth transition regions and (ii) discarding the k‐space regions of the abrupt flip angle jumps as dummy phase‐encoding steps.

Results

The optimal flip angles measured from experiments were different between T1‐ and T2*‐weighted contrast, in agreement with simulations. The echo‐specific k‐space reordered dual‐echo sequence showed optimal T1 and T2* contrast simultaneously, but also showed ringing artifacts because of high flip‐angle changes between k‐space regions. The two proposed strategies effectively suppressed the ringing artifacts.

Conclusion

The proposed 3D dual‐echo sequence provided optimal T1 and T2* contrast simultaneously with no artifacts and thus is potentially applicable to routine clinical applications for simultaneous high resolution T1‐ and T2*‐weighted imaging. Magn Reson Med 76:1504–1511, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Passende Kleider für Proteine schneidern
Authors: Wettig Burkhard , Heid Christian , Schrader Thomas
Published: November 2015

Nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen zwischen Proteinen steuern viele Prozesse im menschlichen Körper. Maßgeschneiderte künstliche Liganden binden Proteine, hemmen so Enzyme oder machen Viren weniger infektiös.
Urheberrecht und gute wissenschaftliche Praxis
Authors: Schmitt Anne‐Marie
Published: November 2015

Das Internet macht es möglich, geistige Inhalte schnell zu kopieren und zu verbreiten. Plagiatsaffären in den letzten Jahren haben aber gezeigt: Das kann böse Folgen haben. Das Urheberrechtsgesetz regelt, was erlaubt ist und was nicht.
Hybridnanomaterialien für die Elektrokatalyse
Authors: Herrmann Sven , Streb Carsten
Published: November 2015

Gebunden an organische Ankergruppen oder Nanokohlenstoff spalten Polyoxometallate Wasser, schützen Metalle vor Korrosion, detektieren Wasserstoff und bescheren uns in Zukunft vielleicht sogar neue Superkondensatoren.
So zahlt die Welt
Authors: Stephan Antje
Published: November 2015

Klischees über die Zahlungsmoral in unterschiedlichen Ländern gibt es viele. Doch welche bewahrheiten sich? Wer zahlt am Ende seine Zeche schnell und wo muss man lange auf sein Geld warten?
Neue Strukturen für Antibiotika gesucht
Authors: Zuegg Johannes
Published: November 2015

Die gemeinnützige Initiative CO‐ADD an der Universität Queensland in Brisbane, Australien, testet organische Substanzen aus aller Welt in einem dreistufigen Verfahren auf antimikrobielle Aktivität.
Social Return on Investment of an Innovative Employment Option for Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Owen Frances , Li Jingyu , Whittingham Lisa , Hope Jennifer , Bishop Courtney , Readhead Anne , Mook Laurie
Published: November 2015

Common Ground Co‐operative (CGC) provides training, administrative, and job coach support to five social enterprises for which persons with developmental disabilities are the non‐share‐capital partners. This study examines the use of social return on investment (SROI) as a means of determining the value of program impacts related to quality‐of‐life changes for enterprise partners and their families. The process of conducting this SROI analysis is described and analyzed in terms of its utility in employment services for persons with developmental disabilities.