bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Approaches to Identification of PWARX Systems
Authors: Lassoued Zeineb , Abderrahim Kamel
Published: November 2013

We consider the clustering-based procedures for the identification of discrete-time hybrid systems in the piecewise affine (PWA) form. These methods exploit three main techniques which are clustering, linear identification, and pattern recognition. The clustering method based on thek-means algorithm is treated in this paper. It consists in estimating both the parameter vector of each submodel and the coefficients of each partition while knowing the model ordersnaandnband the number of submodelss. The performance of this approach can be threatened by the presence of outliers and poor initializations. To overcome these problems, we propose new techniques for data classification. The proposed techniques exploit Chiu’s clustering technique and the self-artificial Kohonen neural network approach in order to improve the performance of both the clustering and the final linear regression procedure. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Translational Approach to Behavioral Learning: Lessons from Cerebellar Plasticity
Authors: Cheron Guy , Dan Bernard , Márquez-Ruiz Javier
Published: November 2013

The role of cerebellar plasticity has been increasingly recognized in learning. The privileged relationship between the cerebellum and the inferior olive offers an ideal circuit for attempting to integrate the numerous evidences of neuronal plasticity into a translational perspective. The high learning capacity of the Purkinje cells specifically controlled by the climbing fiber represents a major element within the feed-forward and feedback loops of the cerebellar cortex. Reciprocally connected with the basal ganglia and multimodal cerebral domains, this cerebellar network may realize fundamental functions in a wide range of behaviors. This review will outline the current understanding of three main experimental paradigms largely used for revealing cerebellar functions in behavioral learning: (1) the vestibuloocular reflex and smooth pursuit control, (2) the eyeblink conditioning, and (3) the sensory envelope plasticity. For each of these experimental conditions, we have critically revisited the chain of causalities linking together neural circuits, neural signals, and plasticity mechanisms, giving preference to behaving or alert animal physiology. Namely, recent experimental approaches mixing neural units and local field potentials recordings have demonstrated a spike timing dependent plasticity by which the cerebellum remains at a strategic crossroad for deciphering fundamental and translational mechanisms from cellular to network levels.
Simple Repeat-Primed PCR Analysis of the Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Gene in a Clinical Diagnostics Environment
Authors: Dryland Philippa A. , Doherty Elaine , Love Jennifer M. , Love Donald R.
Published: November 2013

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder that is caused by the expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the DMPK gene. The confirmation of a clinical diagnosis of DM-1 usually involves PCR amplification of the CTG repeat-containing region and subsequent sizing of the amplification products in order to deduce the number of CTG repeats. In the case of repeat hyperexpansions, Southern blotting is also used; however, the latter has largely been superseded by triplet repeat-primed PCR (TP-PCR), which does not yield a CTG repeat number but nevertheless provides a means of stratifying patients regarding their disease severity. We report here a combination of forward and reverse TP-PCR primers that allows for the simple and effective scoring of both the size of smaller alleles and the presence or absence of expanded repeat sequences. In addition, the CTG repeat-containing TP-PCR forward primer can target both the DM-1 and Huntington disease genes, thereby streamlining the work flow for confirmation of clinical diagnoses in a diagnostic laboratory.
QPLOT: A Quality Assessment Tool for Next Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Li Bingshan , Zhan Xiaowei , Wing Mary-Kate , Anderson Paul , Kang Hyun Min , Abecasis Goncalo R.
Published: November 2013

Background.Next generation sequencing (NGS) is being widely used to identify genetic variants associated with human disease. Although the approach is cost effective, the underlying data is susceptible to many types of error. Importantly, since NGS technologies and protocols are rapidly evolving, with constantly changing steps ranging from sample preparation to data processing software updates, it is important to enable researchers to routinely assess the quality of sequencing and alignment data prior to downstream analyses.Results.Here we describe QPLOT, an automated tool that can facilitate the quality assessment of sequencing run performance. Taking standard sequence alignments as input, QPLOT generates a series of diagnostic metrics summarizing run quality and produces convenient graphical summaries for these metrics. QPLOT is computationally efficient, generates webpages for interactive exploration of detailed results, and can handle the joint output of many sequencing runs.Conclusion.QPLOT is an automated tool that facilitates assessment of sequence run quality. We routinely apply QPLOT to ensure quick detection of diagnostic of sequencing run problems. We hope that QPLOT will be useful to the community as well.
Incidence of Japanese Encephalitis among Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Cases in West Bengal, India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Bhaswati , Bhattacharyya Indrani , Adhikary Srima , Mondal Saiantani , Konar Jayashree , Dawar Nidhi , Biswas Asit , Bhattacharya Nemai
Published: November 2013

Background and Objectives. Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most important cause of acute and epidemic viral encephalitis. Every year sporadic JE cases are reported from the various districts of West Bengal, indicating its endemicity in this state. JE vaccination programme has been undertaken by the State Health Department of West Bengal. This study was aimed at seeing the present scenario of JE among acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases in West Bengal.Materials and Methods. Blood and/or CSF samples were referred from suspected AES cases to the referral virology laboratory of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine from different hospitals of Kolkata. IgM antibody capture ELISA was performed on the CSF and serum samples by JE virus MAC ELISA kit supplied by the National Institute of Virology, Pune.Results. The present study reveals that 22.76% and 5% of the AES cases were positive for JE IgM in 2011 and 2012, respectively. JE is mainly prevalent in children and adolescents below 20 years of age with no gender predilection. Although the percentages of JE positive cases were high in 2011, it sharply decreased thereafter possibly due to better awareness programs, due to mass vaccination, or simply due to natural epidemiological niche periodicity due to herd immunity.
Influences of Wind Energy Integration into the Distribution Network
Authors: Shafiullah G. M. , Oo Amanullah M. T. , Ali A. B. M. Shawkat , Stojcevski Alex
Published: November 2013

Wind energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources due to its availability and climate-friendly attributes. Large-scale integration of wind energy sources creates potential technical challenges due to the intermittent nature that needs to be investigated and mitigated as part of developing a sustainable power system for the future. Therefore, this study developed simulation models to investigate the potential challenges, in particular voltage fluctuations, zone substation, and distribution transformer loading, power flow characteristics, and harmonic emissions with the integration of wind energy into both the high voltage (HV) and low voltage (LV) distribution network (DN). From model analysis, it has been clearly indicated that influences of these problems increase with the increased integration of wind energy into both the high voltage and low voltage distribution network; however, the level of adverse impacts is higher in the LV DN compared to the HV DN.
A Relation Routing Scheme for Distributed Semantic Media Query
Authors: Liao Zhuhua , Zhang Guoqiang , Yi Aiping , Zhang Guoqing , Liang Wei
Published: November 2013

Performing complex semantic queries over large‐scale distributed media contents is a challenging task for rich media applications. The dynamics and openness of data sources make it uneasy to realize a query scheme that simultaneously achieves precision, scalability, and reliability. In this paper, a novel relation routing scheme (RRS) is proposed by renovating the routing model of Content Centric Network (CCN) for directly querying large‐scale semantic media content. By using proper query model and routing mechanism, semantic queries with complex relation constrains from users can be guided towards potential media sources through semantic guider nodes. The scattered and fragmented query results can be integrated on their way back for semantic needs or to avoid duplication. Several new techniques, such as semantic‐based naming, incomplete response avoidance, timeout checking, and semantic integration, are developed in this paper to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and practicality of the proposed approach. Both analytical and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is a promising and effective solution for complex semantic queries and integration over large‐scale networks.
Iron Oxide Impregnated Morus alba L. Fruit Peel for Biosorption of Co(II): Biosorption Properties and Mechanism
Authors: Koduru Janardhan Reddy , Chang Yoon-Young , Yang Jae-Kyu , Kim Im-Soon
Published: November 2013

Biosorption is an ecofriendly wastewater treatment technique with high efficiency and low operating cost involving simple process for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. In the present investigation, Morus alba L. fruit peel powder (MAFP) and iron oxide impregnated Morus alba L. fruit peel powder (IO‐MAFP) were prepared and used for treating Co(II) contaminated aqueous solutions. Further the materials were characterized by using FTIR and SEM‐EDX analysis. From FT‐IR analysis it was found that hydroxyl, methoxy, and carbonyl groups are responsible for Co(II) biosorption. The kinetic data obtained for both biosorbents was well fitted with pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The equilibrium data was in tune with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The thermodynamic studies were also carried and it was observed that sorption process was endothermic at 298–328 K. These studies demonstrated that both biosorbents were promising, efficient, economic, and biodegradable sorbents.
Nonperiodic Damped Vibration Systems with Asymptotically Quadratic Terms at Infinity: Infinitely Many Homoclinic Orbits
Authors: Chen Guanwei
Published: November 2013

We study a class of nonperiodic damped vibration systems with asymptotically quadratic terms at infinity. We obtain infinitely many nontrivial homoclinic orbits by a variant fountain theorem developed recently by Zou. To the best of our knowledge, there is no result published concerning the existence (or multiplicity) of nontrivial homoclinic orbits for this class of non-periodic damped vibration systems with asymptotically quadratic terms at infinity.
Efficacy of Micromobile Foot Compression Device in Increasing Lower Limb Venous Blood Flow
Authors: Charles Thomas , Mackintosh Stephen , Fingleton James , Braithwaite Irene , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard
Published: November 2013

Background. A novel, micromobile foot compression device (MMC) has been developed to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism associated with prolonged seated immobility.Objective. To compare the efficacy of the MMC with graduated compression stockings in augmenting lower limb venous blood flow.Patients/Methods. Twenty participants were randomised to wear the MMC or a graduated compression stocking (GCS) on either the left or right leg while seated. Doppler ultrasound measurements of popliteal vein blood flow and leg circumference measurements were made-30and-10minutes (baseline) and +30 and +60 minutes following application of the interventions. The primary outcome variable was peak systolic velocity. A mixed linear model was used, with covariates including baseline measurement, randomised side, time, and a time by interaction term.Results. The mean popliteal vein peak systolic velocity at 60 minutes with the MMC was 20.1 cm/s which was significantly higher than with the GCS (difference 14.1 cm/s 95% CI 12.1–16.2), representing a 3.8-fold increase from baseline.Conclusion. The MMC resulted in a marked increase in lower limb venous blood flow which suggests that it may have efficacy in reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism associated with prolonged seated immobility, such as long distance air travel.
Identification of Immunomodulatory Signatures Induced by American Ginseng in Murine Immune Cells
Authors: Yan Jian , Ma Yonghui , Zhao Fusheng , Gu Weikuan , Jiao Yan
Published: November 2013

Background. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius, AG) has been used for more than 300 years. Some of its claimed benefits can be attributed to the immunomodulatory activities, whose molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.Methods. Murine splenic cells from adult male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were isolated and divided into 4 groups to mimic 4 basic pathophysiological states: (1) normal naïve; (2) normal activated; (3) deficient naïve; (4) deficient activated. Then, different AG extracts were added to all groups for 24 h incubation. MTT proliferation assays were performed to evaluate the phenotypic features of cells. Finally, microarray assays were carried out to identify differentially expressed genes associated with AG exposure. Real-time PCR was performed to validate the expression of selected genes.Results. Microarray data showed that most of gene expression changes were identified in the deficient naïve group, suggesting that the pathophysiological state has major impacts on transcriptomic changes associated with AG exposure. Specifically, this study revealed downregulation of interferon-γsignaling pathway in the deficient group of cells.Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that only specific groups of immune cells responded to AG intervention and immunocompromised cells were more likely regulated by AG treatment.
BIM: Enabling Sustainability and Asset Management through Knowledge Management
Authors: Kivits Robbert Anton , Furneaux Craig
Published: November 2013

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the use of virtual building information models to develop building design solutions and design documentation and to analyse construction processes. Recent advances in IT have enabled advanced knowledge management, which in turn facilitates sustainability and improves asset management in the civil construction industry. There are several important qualifiers and some disadvantages of the current suite of technologies. This paper outlines the benefits, enablers, and barriers associated with BIM and makes suggestions about how these issues may be addressed. The paper highlights the advantages of BIM, particularly the increased utility and speed, enhanced fault finding in all construction phases, and enhanced collaborations and visualisation of data. The paper additionally identifies a range of issues concerning the implementation of BIM as follows: IP, liability, risks, and contracts and the authenticity of users. Implementing BIM requires investment in new technology, skills training, and development of new ways of collaboration and Trade Practices concerns. However, when these challenges are overcome, BIM as a new information technology promises a new level of collaborative engineering knowledge management, designed to facilitate sustainability and asset management issues in design, construction, asset management practices, and eventually decommissioning for the civil engineering industry.
A Solitary Fibrous Tumour of the Eyelid
Authors: Pecorella Irene , Cruciani Filippo , Russo Valeria
Published: November 2013

Objective: To report a case of palpebral solitary fibrous tumour (SFT). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: An elderly man presented with a slow-growing painless mass in the lower conjunctival fornix in the left eye. The lesion was excised and it measured 0.9 cm in maximum diameter. The microscopic features were characteristic of a benign SFT, with immunohistochemical reactivity for vimentin, CD34 and Bcl-2 protein. Nuclear staining for progesterone receptor was also observed. Conclusion: This tumour displayed a benign course, with no recurrence after excision. CD34 immunohistochemistry proved to be a useful adjunct to the microscopic diagnosis.
Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Levels in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Tarkun Pinar , Birtas Atesoglu Elif , Mehtap Ozgur , Musul Mahmut Mert , Hacihanefioglu Abdullah
Published: November 2013

Background/Aims: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer associated with increased clonal malignant plasma cells. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF 15) is a protein that is highly expressed in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of patients with MM. This study investigated whether the clinical stage of the disease, treatment response and survival are affected by pretreatment serum GDF 15 levels. Methods: Serum GDF 15 levels were measured in 35 newly diagnosed MM patients and 27 healthy controls. The correlation between serum GDF 15 levels and various clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed. Results: The study demonstrated significantly higher levels of GDF 15 in MM patients. There was a negative correlation between GDF 15 levels, hemoglobin and albumin levels, and a positive correlation between GDF 15 levels, CRP, creatinine, β-2-microglobulin and stage. GDF 15 levels were lower in patients who could receive autologous stem cell transplantation compared to other groups, representing a statistically significant difference. However, in the survival analyses, GDF 15 level did not have an impact on survival. Conclusion: High serum levels of GDF 15 may indicate a poor treatment response. Our study supports the prognostic value of GDF 15 in MM.
In vivo Imaging with a Fundus Camera in a Rat Model of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Cunea Alexander , Meyer Johanna , Russmann Christoph , Licha Kai , Welker Pia , Holz Frank G. , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen
Published: November 2013

Purpose: To investigate the use of imaging and quantitative measurement capabilities of a modified fundus camera in a rat model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Methods: Following induction of experimental choroidal neovascularization, Dark Agouti rats underwent serial in vivo imaging with a fundus camera (FF450plus, Carl Zeiss MediTec, Jena, Germany), including color, reflectance and fluorescence imaging. Results: A custom-made setting allowed high-resolution imaging. Change of fluorescence intensity following intravenous or intravitreal dye injection could be quantitatively monitored over time. Hardware binning resulted in an improved signal-to-noise ratio and a reduction of flash light intensity. Simultaneous fluorescence imaging following injection of two different dendritic polygylcerol sulfate dyes could be demonstrated. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the use and optimizations of a fundus camera for various in vivo imaging modalities in rats. Molecular imaging of the eye may allow for better insights into cellular dysfunction and optimization of therapeutic strategies.
Perinatal and Short-Term Neonatal Outcomes of Posterior Fossa Anomalies
Authors: Ghali Rim , Reidy Karen , Fink A. Michelle , Palma-Dias Ricardo
Published: November 2013

Objective: To describe the perinatal and neonatal outcomes for fetuses with posterior fossa (PF) anomalies - mega-cisterna magna (MCM), persistent Blake's pouch (PBP) or the Dandy-Walker continuum (DWC) - using a new classification. Methods: 46 cases with PF anomaly diagnosed on ultrasound (US) between 16 and 28 weeks' gestation were included. The images were reviewed and classified as one of the following: MCM, PBP or DWC. Outcomes were obtained from patient records. Results: 30 cases with DWC, 6 with MCM, and 10 with PBP were identified. Associated anomalies were present in all groups, but more frequent in DWC. Agenesis of the corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly were more common in DWC than in MCM or PBP. Only fetuses with DWC were found to have chromosomal abnormalities. Perinatal outcomes differed significantly, with terminations of pregnancy more frequent in DWC. In the immediate postnatal period, infants with DWC had worse outcomes than those with MCM and PBP. Across all groups, those with associated anomalies had worse outcomes than those with an isolated PF anomaly. Conclusion: Infants antenatally diagnosed with DWC had worse perinatal and short-term neonatal outcomes than those with MCM or PBP. Those with associated anomalies had uniformly poorer outcomes than those with isolated anomalies.
Detailed Illustration of the Visual Field Representation along the Visual Pathway to the Primary Visual Cortex: A Graphical Summary
Authors: Wärntges Simone , Michelson Georg
Published: November 2013

Purpose: In the literature, different graphic illustrations are available, which depict different parts of the visual pathway in relation to visual field sectors, to retinal sectors, the layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), or sections of the primary visual cortex (V1). However, a complete overview is missing, which may be useful for a more precise differentiation of predominantly ophthalmological from intracerebral diseases. It may also be of interest to investigate additional intracerebral reasons that are involved in impaired vision of largely unknown pathophysiology. Methods: This work combines the scientific knowledge of partial graphics in one detailed illustration that allows exact follow-up of the neuronal connections from individual visual field sectors to the V1 areas. A selective search for peer-reviewed graphics of the visual pathway was performed in PubMed and Google Pictures. Results: Sixteen different visual field sectors and their 16 corresponding retinal sectors were set in relation to 64 LGN sections and 20 areas of V1. Segmented cross-sectional areas of the optic nerve supplemented the graphical representation of the fiber orientation in relation to the visual field. Conclusion: The detailed illustration of the visual field projection along the visual pathway structures may facilitate a more precise calculation of correlations between morphological and functional measurements of ophthalmological and neuroradiological examinations.
Effects of Central and Peripheral Administration of Neuropeptide S on the Level of Serum Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pigs
Authors: Yao Yuan , Su Juan , Zhang Fan , Lei Zhihai
Published: November 2013

Objectives: The recently discovered neuropeptide S (NPS) and its cognate receptor represent a novel system of neuromodulation and are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. NPS has been implicated in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) of pigs in vitro. In this study, we tested the hypothesis whether either central or peripheral injection of NPS would stimulate the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines in pigs. Methods: In experiment 1, pigs were fitted with an intracerebroventricular cannula and indwelling jugular catheters, and were then randomly assigned to receive 10 or 30 nmol NPS in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In experiment 2, pigs were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters, and randomly received 15 or 30 nmol NPS in saline. Serial blood samples were collected every 10 min for 1 h before and for 2 h after injections, and serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined. Results: Serum concentrations of these cytokines were increased in pigs that received central and peripheral injection of NPS, and the elevated secretion of these cytokines was in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: The level of serum proinflammatory cytokines could be activated by both central and peripheral administration of NPS in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the pig. The present data support the concept that NPS may be considered as a potent modulator for the immune system and may play an important role in the inflammation and immune system of pigs.
Understanding Medical Care of Transplant Recipients through Integrated Registry and Pharmacy Claims Data
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Anyaegbu Elizabeth , Gleisner Ana , Schnitzler Mark A. , Axelrod David , Brennan Daniel C. , Dharnidharka Vikas R. , Abraham Elizabeth , Tuttle-Newhall Janet E.
Published: November 2013

Background: Limited data exist on medication use aside from immunosuppression among large samples of kidney transplant recipients. Methods: We examined a novel database wherein Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) registry data were linked to records from a US pharmaceutical claims clearinghouse (2005-2010 claims) to examine pharmaceutical care at the first transplant anniversary (n = 16,157). We quantified the use of the following medication types within ±60 days of the first-year OPTN report according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): antihypertensives, lipid-lowering, bone and mineral, and anemia treatments. Adjusted associations of medication use with eGFR and other clinical factors were quantified by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Requirements for multiple antihypertensive agents rose with lower eGFR, with β-blockers comprising the most commonly used antihypertensive agent. The adjusted likelihood of vitamin D (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.07, 95% CI 1.19-3.59) and especially erythrocyte-stimulating agents (aOR 19.94, 95% CI 7.01-56.00) rose in a graded manner to peak with eGFR <15 versus >90, whereas statin use was most common with eGFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2. Black race was independently associated with increased use of all classes of antihypertensives and vitamin D, but lower adjusted statin use. Rapamycin-based immunosuppression was associated with increased use of statins and erythrocyte-stimulating agents. Conclusions: Integrated registry and pharmacy fill data provide a novel tool for pharmacoepidemiologic investigations of delivered post-transplant care. Transplant recipients with reduced renal function have increased requirements for pharmaceutical care of comorbidities. Causes of racial variation in medication fills warrant further investigation.
In Utero Diagnosis of Long QT Syndrome by Magnetocardiography
Authors: Cuneo Bettina F. , Strasburger Janette F. , Yu Suhong , Horigome Hitoshi , Hosono Takayoshi , Kandori Akihiko , Wakai Ronald T.
Published: November 2013

Background—

The electrophysiology of long QT syndrome (LQTS) in utero is virtually unstudied. Our goal here was to evaluate the efficacy of fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) for diagnosis and prognosis of fetuses at risk of LQTS.

Methods and Results—

We reviewed the pre/postnatal medical records of 30 fetuses referred for fMCG because of a family history of LQTS (n=17); neonatal/childhood sudden cardiac death (n=3), or presentation of prenatal LQTS rhythms (n=12): 2° atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, heart rate < 3
rd
percentile. We evaluated heart rate and reactivity, cardiac time intervals, T-wave characteristics, and initiation/termination of Torsade de Pointes, and compared these with neonatal ECG findings. After birth, subjects were tested for LQTS mutations. Based on accepted clinical criteria, 21 subjects (70%; 9 KCNQ1, 5 KCNH2, 2 SCN5A, 2 other, 3 untested) had LQTS. Using a threshold of corrected QT= 490 ms, fMCG accurately identified LQTS fetuses with 89% (24/27) sensitivity and 89% (8/9) specificity in 36 sessions. Four fetuses (2 KCNH2 and 2 SCN5A), all with corrected QT ≥ 620 ms, had frequent episodes of Torsade de Pointes, which were present 22–79% of the time. Although some episodes initiated with a long-short sequence, most initiations showed QRS aberrancy and a notable lack of pause dependency. T-wave alternans was strongly associated with severe LQTS phenotype.

Conclusions—

Corrected QT prolongation (≥490 ms) assessed by fMCG accurately identified LQTS in utero; extreme corrected QT prolongation (≥620 ms) predicted Torsade de Pointes. FMCG can play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of fetuses at risk of LQTS.
Solenopsis mothiana (Campanulaceae), a new species from Sicily
Authors: BRULLO CRISTIAN , Brullo Salvatore , DEL GALDO GIANPIETRO GIUSSO
Published: November 2013

Solenopsis mothiana (Campanulaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Sicily. A full description, diagnostic characters, ecological requirements, conservation status, SEM, and seed micro-morphology of this narrow endemic are provided. It is taxonomically well differentiated from the other hitherto known species of the genus, which are restricted to the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions. Its taxonomic isolation is also confirmed by a phenetic analysis based on morphological features. The new species mainly differs from the other taxa of Solenopsis in having sub-caulescent habit, very short and branched stems, leaves arranged in a basal rosette and cauline, and a very small white corolla with sub-connivent lips. From an ecological viewpoint, it behaves as a hygrophyte linked to temporary submerged depressions close to coastal salt marshes.
A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Scutogona from central Portugal (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Chamaesomatidae)
Authors: ENGHOFF HENRIK , REBOLEIRA ANA SOFIA P.S.
Published: November 2013

A new cave-dwelling species of the genus Scutogona Ribuat, 1913, S. minor n. sp., is described from caves of Sicó karst in central Portugal. The classification and delimitation of Scutogona vis-à-vis related genera, in particular Meinerteuma Mauriès, 1982, is discussed.
A new species of Lakshmia Yakovlev, 2004 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) from Northern Thailand with a world catalogue of the genus
Authors: YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , NAKAO KENICHIRO
Published: November 2013

A cossid genus Lakshmia Yakovlev, 2004, was established by an original designation of the type species, Lakshmia zolotuhini Yakovlev, 2004. Among the genera within the subfamily Zeuzerinae Boisduval, [1828], this genus is closely related to Phragmataecia Newman, 1850 (type species: Noctua arundinis Hübner, [1808]), Butaya Yakovlev, 2004 (type species: Butaya  gracilis Yakovlev, 2004) and Yakovlevina Kemal & Koçak, 2005 (type species: Garuda galina Yakovlev, 2004). Diagnostic characters of Lakshmia include the presence of an ochreous brown band on the forewing, the elongate valvae with parallel edges, and a greatly reduced saccus in the male genitalia.        Lakshmia comprise four species collected from Northern Thailand and Southern Vietnam (Yakovlev 2004, 2006, 2011; Fig. 1). All known specimens of Lakshmia were collected at light. Their biology is unknown.        While curating specimens of Cossidae collected from Thailand, the second author (KN) found one male which was identified as a new species and thus is described in this article.
On the Atmospheric Regulation of the Growth of Moderate to Deep Cumulonimbus in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Kumar Vickal V. , Protat Alain , Jakob Christian , May Peter T.
Published: November 2013

Some cumulus clouds with tops between 3 and 7 km (Cu3km–7km) remain in this height region throughout their lifetime (congestus) while others develop into deeper clouds (cumulonimbus). This study describes two techniques to identify the congestus and cumulonimbus cloud types using data from scanning weather radar and identifies the atmospheric conditions that regulate these two modes. A two-wet-season cumulus cloud database of the Darwin C-band polarimetric radar is analyzed and the two modes are identified by examining the 0-dBZ cloud-top height (CTH) of the Cu3km–7km cells over a sequence of radar scans. It is found that ~26% of the classified Cu3km–7km population grow into cumulonimbus clouds. The cumulonimbus cells exhibit reflectivities, rain rates, and drop sizes larger than the congestus cells. The occurrence frequency of cumulonimbus cells peak in the afternoon at ~1500 local time—a few hours after the peak in congestus cells. The analysis of Darwin International Airport radiosonde profiles associated with the two types of cells shows no noticeable difference in the thermal stability rates, but a significant difference in midtropospheric (5–10 km) relative humidity. Moister conditions are found in the hours preceding the cumulonimbus cells when compared with the congestus cells. Using a moisture budget dataset derived for the Darwin region, it is shown that the existence of cumulonimbus cells, and hence deep convection, is mainly determined by the presence of the midtroposphere large-scale upward motion and not merely by the presence of congestus clouds prior to deep convection. This contradicts the thermodynamic viewpoint that the midtroposphere moistening prior to deep convection is solely due to the preceding cumulus congestus cells.
Wave Climate and Trends for the Gulf of Mexico: A 30-Yr Wave Hindcast
Authors: Appendini Christian M. , Torres-Freyermuth Alec , Salles Paulo , López-González Jose , Mendoza E. Tonatiuh
Published: November 2013

This paper describes wave climate and variability in the Gulf of Mexico based on a 30-yr wave hindcast. The North American Regional Reanalysis wind fields are employed to drive a third-generation spectral wave model with high spatial (0.005°–0.06°) and temporal (3 hourly) resolution from 1979 through 2008. The wave hindcast information is validated using National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) data and altimeter wave information (GlobWave). The model performance is satisfactory (r2 ~ 0.90) in the Gulf of Mexico and to a lesser extent in the Caribbean Sea (r2 ~ 0.87) where only locally generated waves are considered. However, the waves generated by the Caribbean low-level jet (CLLJ) are discussed in this work. Subsequently, the yearly/monthly mean and extreme wave climates are characterized based on the (30 yr) wave hindcast information. The model results show that the mean wave climate is mainly modulated by winter cold fronts (nortes) in the Gulf of Mexico, whereas extreme wave climate is modulated by both hurricane and norte. Extreme wave heights in the Gulf of Mexico have increased at a rate of 0.07–0.08 m yr−1 in September/October because of increased cyclone intensity in the last decade. However, there is no significant trend when considering the annual statistics for extreme events. Furthermore, modeling results also suggest that the CLLJ modulates the mean wave climate in the Caribbean Sea and controls the rate of mean wave height increase (0.03 m yr−1) in the Caribbean. However, these later results need to be corroborated by extending the computational domain in order to include the swell coming from the Atlantic Ocean.
Dynamical Seasonal Climate Prediction Using an Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Climate Model Developed in Partnership between South Africa and the IRI
Authors: Beraki Asmerom F. , DeWitt David G. , Landman Willem A. , Olivier Cobus
Published: November 2013

The recent increase in availability of high-performance computing (HPC) resources in South Africa allowed the development of an ocean–atmosphere coupled general circulation model (OAGCM). The ECHAM4.5-South African Weather Service (SAWS) Modular Oceanic Model version 3 (MOM3-SA) is the first OAGCM to be developed in Africa for seasonal climate prediction. This model employs an initialization strategy that is different from previous versions of the model that coupled the same atmosphere and ocean models. Evaluation of hindcasts performed with the model revealed that the OAGCM is successful in capturing the development and maturity of El Niño and La Niña episodes up to 8 months ahead. A model intercomparison also indicated that the ECHAM4.5-MOM3-SA has skill levels for the Niño-3.4 region SST comparable with other coupled models administered by international centers. Further analysis of the coupled model revealed that La Niña events are more skillfully discriminated than El Niño events. However, as is typical for OAGCM, the model skill was generally found to decay faster during the spring barrier.

The analysis also showed that the coupled model has useful skill up to several-months lead time when predicting the equatorial Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) during the period spanning between the middle of austral spring and the start of the summer seasons, which reaches its peak in November. The weakness of the model in other seasons was mainly caused by the western segment of the dipole, which eventually contaminates the dipole mode index (DMI). The model is also able to forecast the anomalous upper air circulations, particularly in the equatorial belt, and surface air temperature in the Southern African region as opposed to precipitation.
Internet video to support intravenous medication administration in the home: a cost minimisation study
Authors: Bradford Natalie , Armfield Nigel R , Young Jeanine , Ehmer Marissa , Lawson Rachael , Smith Anthony C
Published: November 2013

We compared the costs associated with three different methods of administering antibiotics to paediatric oncology patients. In scenario A, medicine was prepared in the home, checked in the home using a video link to a second nurse, and administered in the home. In scenario B, medicine was prepared by outsourcing the work to a commercial organisation, checked by pharmacists off-site and administered in the home. In scenario C, medicine was prepared in the hospital, checked by a second nurse and administered in the outpatient department. The staff time required for home administration was calculated from actual home visits. The cost of tablet computers and mobile Internet charges for double-checks in the home was based on an assumed useful life of 3 years for the equipment. The cost of outsourcing the preparation of medications was calculated from the actual cost of doing so during a four month period. Patient outcome was assumed to be the same in all three scenarios. The mean costs of a medication episode (i.e. one occasion of medication administration) was $129.91 in scenario A, $312.00 in scenario B and $355.91 in scenario C. Nurse preparation and administration in the home would save the oncology health service $124,899 per annum compared to outsourcing medication preparation. Nurse preparation and administration in the home would save the oncology health service $155,329 per annum compared to nurse preparation and administration in the outpatient department. Use of Internet-based video appears to produce savings compared to other methods of administering antibiotics and the technique may have wider application in supporting complex interventions in the home.
A qualitative case study of telehealth for in-home monitoring to support the management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Carlisle Karen , Warren Robin
Published: November 2013

The present study formed part of a randomised controlled trial of telehealth for in-home monitoring to support people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. We explored the experiences of patients and healthcare practitioners, and their perceptions of the telehealth model of care used in the trial. In addition to their usual diabetes care, participants receive diabetes care from a diabetes educator nurse via an in-home broadband communication device. On average, each patient participated in 14 videoconferences with a diabetes care coordinator during the 12-month trial period. Qualitative data was collected from two general practices and included semi-structured interviews and document review of patient clinical notes. A total of 12 people were interviewed: 8 health practitioners and 4 patients. Patients and health practitioners expressed a high level of satisfaction with the model of care provided. Patients also reported positive health and social outcomes as a result of being involved in the trial and indicated that in the main they had achieved their goals and were happy with their progress over the 12-month period. Analysis of interviews revealed three broad elements associated with the implementation of telehealth: interpersonal factors, operational problems and the wider health system context within which the general practices and trial team were operating. The findings suggest that adopting telehealth in the management of type 2 diabetes can lead to improved diabetes control, but more support is required to ensure sustainability and widespread implementation.
Long-term telerehabilitation of COPD patients in their homes: interim results from a pilot study in Northern Norway
Authors: Zanaboni Paolo , Lien Linda Aarøen , Hjalmarsen Audhild , Wootton Richard
Published: November 2013

We investigated the feasibility of a long-term telerehabilitation service for COPD patients comprising exercise training at home, telemonitoring and education/self-management. The service was offered as a 2-year follow-up programme by a physiotherapist. Equipment included a treadmill, a pulse oximeter and a tablet computer. Participants had weekly videoconference sessions with the physiotherapist. A website was used to access a training programme and to fill in a daily diary and a training diary. Ten patients with moderate or severe COPD participated in a pilot study in Northern Norway. After more than one year, all participants were still participating actively and no drop-outs had occurred. On average, there were 2.0 training sessions/week, 3.3 measurements/week registered via the website and 0.5 videoconference contacts/week. There was a reduction of 27% in the COPD-related hospital costs. Feedback from the participants was very positive. Long-term telerehabilitation of COPD patients at home is feasible and interim results suggest that it reduces healthcare utilization.
A qualitative study of the use of Skype for psychotherapy consultations in the Ukraine
Authors: Edirippulige Sisira , Levandovskaya Marina , Prishutova Anna
Published: November 2013

There has been rather limited use of Skype for health and medical purposes. We investigated the use of Skype for delivering psychotherapy services in the Ukraine. A provider questionnaire was distributed to all delegates ( n = 50) at the Annual Symposium of Psychotherapists. One copy of a client questionnaire was also given to each service provider and they were instructed to request their next client to complete the survey. In total, 29 providers and 23 clients responded to the questionnaire. The majority of clients (61%) and providers (72%) had used Skype for a range of services. The services they provided were related to a wide range of paradigms including psycho-analysis, psycho-drama, Gestalt therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and existential therapy. A key reason for using Skype was to allow practitioners to contact clients who were not easily accessible, e.g. those who lived in other countries. Most practitioners ( n = 24) thought their clients considered the services received on Skype were good or excellent. All 26 practitioners charged for Skype consultations. The majority of clients and providers showed high satisfaction with the use of Skype for psychotherapy services.
Development and implementation of a web-based continuing professional development (CPD) programme on medical genetics
Authors: Kulatunga Gumindu GAK , Marasinghe Rohana B , Karunathilake Indika M , Dissanayake Vajira HW
Published: November 2013

We developed, implemented and evaluated a web-based continuing professional development (CPD) programme on medical genetics. Development of the CPD programme followed the ADDIE model, i.e. Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluation. An invitation to participate in a needs analysis survey was sent to all doctors on the email list of the Sri Lanka Medical Association. A total of 129 completed surveys was received (57% of the 228 who accessed the online survey). The average age of respondents was 42 years (range 27-81). The male: female ratio was approximately 2 : 1. Almost all respondents (96%) selected web-based CPD programmes, or web-based and conventional lectures, as their preferred method of learning. The programme was piloted on a group of 10 doctors. The average pre-knowledge score was 40.3 and the post-knowledge score was 62.1 marks out of 100 ( P = 0.002). We conclude that a web-based CPD programme on medical genetics is feasible in Sri Lanka.
Teleconsultation from a secondary hospital for paediatric emergencies occurring at rural hospitals in Queensland
Authors: Desai Sachin , Williams Michael L , Smith Anthony C
Published: November 2013

We reviewed telehealth consultations for acute paediatric patients presenting at rural sites in the Mackay district in 2012. Patient data and outcomes were collected prospectively, and a survey of the referring clinicians was undertaken. Thirty four patient consultations were conducted via telehealth with 14 referring clinicians. Most of the referrals were for respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis. We received feedback surveys for 16 consultations (57% response rate). In 47% of the cases, the paediatric team felt that transfer was avoided by using teleconsultation. In 80% of consultations, the referring clinicians felt that video consultation was more effective than telephone alone. In 30% of cases, the referring clinicians felt that the patient would have been transferred to higher facility in the absence of the telehealth facility. Clinicians thought that almost all consultations had educational value and reduced their anxiety in dealing with acute paediatric problems. There were no adverse outcomes or delayed transfers of patients staying at their rural sites. We recommend that telehealth consultation occur for all enquiries about acute paediatric patients at rural sites, especially if transfer of the patient is being considered.
A pilot trial of emergency telemedicine in regional Western Australia
Authors: Herrington Garth , Zardins Yvonne , Hamilton Alan
Published: November 2013

An Emergency Telehealth Service (ETS) was established in August 2012 in Western Australia. High definition videoconferencing was used to deliver emergency telemedicine to rural emergency departments, mainly staffed by nurses. In the first 11 months, over 3000 episodes of care were provided. Telemedicine proved useful for many clinical problems and allowed clinicians to diagnose, treat and manage patients locally, reducing the need for transfer. In addition, ETS physicians assisted with clinical coordination and transfer of patients. Almost all teleconsultations (98%) were with nursing staff at sites without medical cover. Expansion of the ETS throughout Western Australia is currently being planned.
A break-even analysis of delivering a memory clinic by videoconferencing
Authors: Comans Tracy A , Martin-Khan Melinda , Gray Leonard C , Scuffham Paul A
Published: November 2013

We analysed the costs of two kinds of dementia clinic. In the conventional clinic, held in a rural area, the specialist travels to the clinic from the city. In the videoconferencing clinic, patients are also seen in a rural area, but the specialist conducts the assessment by video from the city. The fixed costs common to both modalities, such as clinic infrastructure, were ignored. The total fixed cost of a monthly conventional clinic was $522 and the total fixed cost of a monthly videoconferencing clinic was $881. The additional variable cost of the specialist travelling to the conventional clinic was $2.62 per minute of the specialist's travelling time. The break-even point at which the cost of the two modalities is the same was just over two hours (138 min round trip). A sensitivity analysis showed that the break-even point was not particularly sensitive to changes in staff wages, but slightly more sensitive to the non labour costs of videoconferencing. Air travel is not an efficient alternative to travel by car. Reducing the number of clinics to six per year results in a much higher cost of running the videoconferencing service compared to the conventional service. Videoconferencing for the purpose of diagnosing dementia is both a reliable and cost effective method of health service provision when a specialist is required to drive for more than about two hours (round trip) to provide a memory disorder clinic service.