bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wyzwania związane z ochroną projektów mody w prawie własności intelektualnej
Authors: Sacha Gabriela
Published: March 2020

The challenges of protecting fashion designs under intellectual property regulationsFashion is a particular and variable industry. As designers introduce several collections a year, providing effective protection of rights is extremely difficult. Simultaneously, it is crucial in view of the constantly expanding global market for counterfeit goods. The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether the currently binding law regulations with reference to fashion designs are effective in the context of fashion design. Different IP rights were subjected to comparative analysis, taking into account the characteristics of the fashion industry. Judgements of Polish, American and Italian courts as well as the judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union have been used as the analytical research. The research into this paper has determined that current legal provisions do not contain regulations that could, in a complete and effective manner, protect fashion designs.
Mechanizm współpozwania w świetle przystąpienia Unii Europejskiej do Konwencji o ochronie praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności
Authors: Moskal Anna
Published: March 2020

The co-respondent mechanism in the view of accession of the European Union to the European Convention of Human RightsFor the past seventy years there have been discussions and activities on the accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights. The ratio of the Union’s accession to the Convention is a need to harmonize the European system of protection of individual rights. There are numerous problems and obstacles to achieve this goal created by the specific, supra-national character of the Union sui generis. It requires the introduction of unique mechanisms and procedures that would allow an international organization such as the EU to become a party to the Convention. One such procedure is provided in art. 3 of the draft agreement, the co-respondent mechanism of the European Union and the Member State in proceedings under the European Court of Human Rights. The purpose of the article is to present the allegations of the Court of Justice, assess their validity and indicate possible future solutions regarding the co-respondent mechanism. After analyzing the European Commission’s request for an opinion on the compliance of the draft agreement with community law, the CJEU considered the draft as incompatible with EU law and listed ten issues that prevented the Union from joining the Convention in the proposed form. Among them, as many as three points refer to the corresponding mechanism and concern in particular the decision on the validity of the conclusions of the Union or a Member State by the Strasbourg Court, accepting joint liability and deciding on the division of responsibility between the Union and the Member State. In the article dogmatic method was used in order to analyze three aforementioned points. Due to the provision of art. 218 par. 11 p. 2 TFEU, the Commission is bound by the opinion of the Court of Justice, and that the presented draft agreement cannot constitute an international agreement allowing for the accession of the Union to the Convention in the proposed form.
Ujawnienie aktualnego sposobu reprezentacji spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością a odpowiedzialność za naruszenie zobowiązania
Authors: Pilikowski Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Disclosure of the current method of representation of a limited liability company and liability for breach of the undertakingThe existence and participation of legal persons in the market makes it necessary to verify the persons representing them to perform actions on their behalf. Information about artificial persons — including the rules of representation and persons entitled to represent them — is available due to their disclosure in the National Court Register. However, it may happen that for whatever reason the register’s information may not correspond to the actual legal status. The provisions of the National Court Register Act provide for the possibility of such a situation, but the normative regulation does not settle all controversies in a satisfactory manner. The article tries to answer the question how the legal person can demonstrate the rightfulness of its representation when the composition of the relevant bodies does not coincide with the composition disclosed in the National Court Register. In the current legal situation, the problem is opened whether and how the legal person can demonstrate the correctness of the representation when the composition of the relevant bodies does not coincide with the composition disclosed in the National Court Register. The consequence of this problem is the issue of the assessment of liability for improper performance of the undertaking, if as a result of the said discrepancy, the obligation will be breached e.g. as a result of the failure to conclude a preliminary contract within the prescribed period.The author tries to solve these problems and settle the controversies arising, referring to the views of his own thoughts and views of doctrine and jurisprudence. The position presented in the article is the result of an analysis of the applicable legal provisions, especially the National Court Register Act, and the jurisprudence and doctrine resulting from it.
Realizacja konstytucyjnej zasady nullum crimen sine lege certa w świetle art. 115 ust. 3 u stawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych
Authors: Grzywacz Anna
Published: March 2020

Realization of a nullum crimen sine lege certa principle in light of Article 115 Paragraph 3 of a Polish Copyright ActThe aim of the article is to analyze the content of Article 115 Paragraph 3 of the Polish Copyright Act and to examine the constitutionality of the provision based on the nullum crimen sine lege certa principle expressed in Article 42 of the Constitution. The basis for the allegation of the unconstitutionality of the provision is the Article’s use of the phrase: “Who […] otherwise violates”, which is, in the opinion of the doctrine, imprecise and contrary to the principle of legal certainty in matters of criminal law. Basing on the quoted regulations and the practice the author tries to answer a question whether the content of Article 115 Paragraph 3 of the Polish Copyright Act is constitutional and subjects the issue of using such clauses to the polemics. The article presents arguments for the rightness of such regulation as well as opposing views and the final conclusion based on the judgment of February 17, 2015, in which the Constitutional Tribunal adjudicated on the conformity of the regulation with the Constitution. Despite the approving position of the Constitutional Tribunal the issue of the constitutionality of the provision is still controversial and causes problems in the classification of acts as prohibited under the Copyright Act. Nevertheless, the use of complementary clauses in particular containing the phrase: “Who […] otherwise violates” seems to be unavoidable due to the dynamic development of technology and law. The principle of legal certainty can be implemented using a pro-constitutional interpretation in order to maximize the alignment of legal norms with the objectives and values expressed in the Constitution. This paper will also examine the secondary issue of criminal law protection of intellectual property rights with an emphasis on copyright law.
Bariery w dostępie do informacji gospodarczej dla konsumenta-seniora
Authors: Całus Ewa
Published: March 2020

Barriers in access to commercial information for elder consumersSeniors constitute a more and more numerous consumer group. A wide and varied market offer can improve seniors’ lives; however, on the other hand, the lack of proper information about the goods and services interesting for them poses a threat. Generally, seniors are not always self-aware consumers who are familiar with their rights and who can make use of them. Therefore, it is of vital importance to tackle issues connected with senior consumers’ limitations regarding the area of the usage of commercial information and dishonest practices applied by entrepreneurs in contract relationships with this group. The substantive article aims to outline the basic problems which are concerned with seniors’ access to economic information, starting with natural limitations resulting from age, such as limited motor capability, orientation in the provisions which are supposed to protect the weaker party of the transaction, familiarity with the complaint procedure, and ending with various issues connected with contracts concluded in atypical circumstances — outside the business premises and remotely. Moreover, the subjects which will be tackled are information ‘overload’ and co-existing informational ‘noise’, as well as digital divide, as components which additionally deteriorate the elderly consumer’s situation in relations with a professional. Simultaneously the propositions of solutions will be presented that are to level the occurrence of these negative phenomena.
Głosowanie przez pełnomocnika jako gwarancja korzystania z czynnego prawa wyborczego przez osoby starsze i niepełnosprawne
Authors: Orłowski Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Voting by a proxy as a guarantee of exercising elderly and handicapped people active voting rights Voting by a proxy as one of the latest alternative of a Polish electoral law institution. In the article are discussed: the constitutional basis, an international law, a statutory basis, an international law basis, doctrinal disputes connected to the principle of universality and based on the voting secrecy and limitations of elderly or handicapped people for who voting by proxy is a solution. The present study includes propositions of changing the electoral code in the field of giving a power of attorney as a conditionality.
Ryzyko braku zgodności w bankowości — compliance oraz instytucja whistleblowing
Authors: Garncarek Tomasz
Published: March 2020

Compliance risk in the banking system and institutions of whistleblowingConsiderations of this article focus on the banking system in which the current problem is compliance risk with laws and regulations. It explains the basic concept of “compliance risk” as well as the fundamentals of the functioning of the compliance system, which are necessary for the the ensuing considerations. Over the last few years we have winessed a significant increase in new legal acts aimed at deepening the regulation of the financial system. This article analyzes existing legal acts, as well as the “soft law” regulations relating to the compliance sector, advancing a thesis on the necessity of constant supervision over the validity of binding regulations in relation to the development of the banking system. In the last part of the article attention was paid to one of the compliance measures, that is, the whistleblowing institution and the issue of reporting possible violations and protection of the person reporting those violations.
Stosowanie rozumowań inferencyjnych w procesie wyprowadzania przez TK zasad i norm z przepisów konstytucyjnych
Authors: Ciżyńska Angelika
Published: March 2020

Trybunał Konstytucyjny w swoich orzeczeniach niekiedy dokonuje konkretyzacji lub rozwijania/uzupełniania zasad/norm konstytucyjnych. Te sfery działalności polskiego sądu konstytucyjnego są metodami wykładni specyficznymi dla tak znaczącej dla ustroju państwa dziedziny, jaką jest prawo konstytucyjne. Sądy powszechne konkretyzują bowiem normy generalno-abstrakcyjne w indywidualnych sprawach, natomiast TK wypełnia treścią klauzule generalne, ustanawiając częstokroć zasady prawne, które nie tylko mogą, lecz także powinny być podstawą dalszej konkretyzującej działalności organów państwowych. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ukazanie wyprowadzania norm/zasad przez TK, w wyniku rozumowań inferencyjnych, i próba oceny dopuszczalności takiego działania polskiego sądu konstytucyjnego.Use of inferential reasoning by Constitutional Tribunal in developing constitutional rules and principlesConstitutional Tribunal, through its judgments, sometimes substantiates or completes constitutional norms and principles. These  spheres of Polish constitutional court’s functioning are methods of interpretation specific to constitutional law, which is a branch of law fundamental for the state’s functioning. However, common courts substantiate abstract norms in individual cases, while the Constitutional Tribunal makes general clauses more concrete, often constituting legal principles, which not only can, but also should be a base for further concretization by the state’s organs.The aim of this publication is to show the interpreting of rules and principles by the Constitutional Tribunal through applying inferential reasoning, as well as an attempt to assess the permissibility of such an act of the Polish constitutional court.
Ochrona domen internetowych a posiadanie znaków towarowych
Authors: Sikora Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

Artykuł odnosi się do złożonej relacji między znakami towarowymi a rejestracją domen internetowych. W związku z rosnącym znaczeniem domen internetowych można zaobserwować dynamicznie rozwijający się obszar potencjalnych naruszeń znaków towarowych, takich jak pasywna rejestracja domeny internetowej, rejestracja w złej wierze lub też zjawisko cybersquattingu. Opracowanie dotyczy kwestii związanych z międzynarodowym mechanizmem rozwiązywania sporów domenowych wypracowanych przez ICANN w postaci procedury UDRP oraz odpowiednich arbitraży akredytowanych przez tę instytucję. Co więcej, prezentuje istotne decyzje arbitrażowe oraz krajowe związane ze sporami o naruszenie znaku towarowego przez działania związane z domenami internetowymi. Relation between Internet domain protection and trademarksThis article attempt to describe the complex phenomenon of domain name usage and trademarks. It is well-known that domain names become more and more important as a brand element and may clash with trademarks especially when it comes to passive registration, registration in bad faith or cybersquatting. The article addresses the issue on an international level as presented by the ICANN procedure under UDRP and adequate arbitration with some national jurisdiction insights. It also presents some relevant case law addressing domain name registration in the light of trademark infringements.
Direct-to-consumer advertisement as a factor influencing the pharmaceutical market: Legal and theoretical aspects of DTC the Polish case
Authors: Matsuieva Julia
Published: March 2020

In the following paper a brief review of the current government regulations on the Polish pharmaceutical market will be provided. The Polish pharmaceutical market has its own features and peculiarities. This is the only market in the European Union where advertising of pharmacies is prohibited. Since January 1, 2012, by Article 94a of the Pharmaceutical Law Act issued May 12, 2011, it is forbidden to advertise pharmacies, pharmacy points, and their activities in Poland. In such a situation the role of direct-to-consumer advertising increases. The purpose of this study is to describe the existing situation in the Polish pharmaceutical market, to indicate the gaps and to highlight its controversial nature. A theoretical framework of direct-to-consumer advertisement and its benefits has been outlined in the paper to determine the impact of direct-to-consumer advertising. The methodological framework of the study is comprised of a legal practice and statutory regulations overview, as well as analytic reports from statistics databases. Reklama skierowana bezpośrednio do konsumenta jako czynnik wpływający na rynek farmaceutyczny. Aspekty prawne i teoretyczne reklamy bezpośredniej przykład PolskiW niniejszym artykule został przedstawiony krótki przegląd aktualnych przepisów prawnych dotyczących polskiego rynku farmaceutycznego. Polski rynek farmaceutyczny jest bowiem szczególny — to jedyny rynek w Unii Europejskiej, na którym reklama aptek jest zabroniona.Od 1 stycznia 2012 roku — zgodnie z art. 94a ustawy z dnia 12 maja 2011 roku o refundacji leków, środków spożywczych specjalnego przeznaczenia żywieniowego oraz wyrobów medycznych — obowiązuje zakaz reklamowania aptek, punktów aptecznych i ich działalności w Polsce. W takiej sytuacji zwiększa się rola reklamy skierowanej bezpośrednio do konsumenta. Celem tego badania jest opisanie aktualnej sytuacji na polskim rynku farmaceutycznym, podkreślenie jego kontrowersyjnego charakteru oraz wskazanie występujących luk w przepisach prawnych. Aby określić wpływ reklamy skierowanej bezpośrednio do konsumenta, w artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne aspekty reklamy skierowanej do konsumenta i jej korzyści. Zakres badań obejmuje praktykę prawną i przegląd przepisów ustawowych oraz raporty analityczne ze statystycznych baz danych.
The elusive cyber beasts: How to identify the communication of pro-Russian hybrid trolls in Latvia’s internet news sites?
Authors: Rožukalne Anda , Sedlenieks Klāvs
Published: March 2020

The research described here was performed on the background of the geopolitical fluctuations in Eastern Europe and the annexation of Crimea by Russia. These events caused fear of pro-Russian propaganda particularly in the so-called Internet hybrid-trolls, i.e., commentators who are on the payroll of Russian state agencies who disrupt internet discussion boards with massive pro-Russian information and opinions. This paper describes methodology of identifying possible hybrid-trolls, data gathering from the biggest Latvian online news sites delfi.lv, apollo.lv, tvnet.lv that provide information in Latvian and Russian language, and analysis of the data by means of quantitative analysis as well as qualitative, that included content analysis and a case study. The analysis shows that the presence of pro-Russian hybrid trolls is inconclusive. However, following the outlined methodology some cases were recorded. Quantitative as well as qualitative analyses demonstrate that the overall presence and exposure of the alleged trolls in the given period was insignificant and the influence of trolls on public opinion highly questionable.
In the spiral of mistrust: On the decline of public trust in Czech journalists
Authors: Volek Jaromír , Urbániková Marína
Published: March 2020

This paper analyses the change of public trust in journalists in the Czech Republic and investigates the main characteristics of mistrusting audiences. Comparative analysis based on two representative surveys of the Czech population reveals that public trust in journalists declined by a third between 2004 and 2016. Mistrust is on the rise especially among: a socio-economically de­prived media consumers b with leftist political orientation c belonging to the youngest cohort. The analysis also indicates a split of the ideal-typical image of a journalist as a highly-educated advocate of socially vulnerable groups, and suggests the return of a perception of journalists as establishment representatives which prevailed during the previous “real socialist” regime.
Polish discourses concerning the Spanish Civil War. Analysis of the Polish press 1936-2015
Authors: Opioła Wojciech
Published: March 2020

The Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, as an ideologised and mythologised event, has been and is still used instrumentally within the Polish public discourse. The war was an important subject for the Polish press in the years 1936–1939. The Catholic, national-democratic, and conservative press supported General Franco’s rebellion. The governmental and pro-government press also supported the rebels. The Christian-democratic and peasants’ party press remained neutral. The social demo­cratic, communist, and radical press backed the Spanish Republic — as did liberal-conservative organs such as Wiadomości Literackie. After the Second World War, the Polish communist media created the positive legend of Polish participants in the Spanish Civil War in the International Brigades, label­ling Franco’s post-war regime fascist. In contemporary Poland, the same division within the Polish political scene as in 1936–1939 can be observed. Starting in 1990, the Spanish Civil War, as a subject of the Polish political discourse, has been the source of heated disputes, whose participants often present more radical views and narratives. The key issues that entered the canon of Polish political disputes after 1989 the International Brigades of volunteers, religious crimes, the support of fascists and communists for opposite sides of the conflict, are concentrated along the lines of the dispute arising from the debate within pre-war Poland: the clash of the traditional, Catholic world with the communist revolution.
Facebook influences you more than me: The perceived impact of social media effects among young Facebook users
Authors: Corbu Nicoleta , Ştefǎnițǎ Oana , Buturoiu Raluca
Published: March 2020

The popularity and prevalent use of Facebook among young people are common pre­occupations for communication researchers. They focus on unveiling people’s motivations, usage be­haviour, and gratifications offered by this communication medium. However, little attention has been invested in examining how young people perceive this new type of media consumption and its effects on themselves as compared to others. Drawing on Davison’s 1983 third-person effect hypothesis, this research paper investigates the a differences in estimated Facebook effects on self versus others, b association between the desirability of the message anti-social versus pro-social and estimated Facebook effects on self versus others, and c association between the type of the message and es­timated Facebook effects on self versus others. These relationships are studied with reference to the behavioural component of the third-person effect. Results confirm that Facebook might influence the magnitude and direction of the perceptual gap of media effects.
Constructing Political Leadership during the 2015 European migration crisis: The Hungarian case
Authors: Kiss Balázs , Szabó Gabriella
Published: March 2020

The article introduces a discursive-interactive approach in the analysis of political leaders’ communication during the 2015 ‘European migration crisis’ in Hungary. We argue that a leader is successful in a popularity race if s/he constructs a situation and handles it in a specific way, in a style which voters prefer. Neither the situation, nor the citizens’ requirements, not even the leader’s communication style is pre-given: they are parts and products of constitutive interactions. In the main part of the article, we examine the constructions of the crisis about migration and, in parallel, the self-constructions by Viktor Orbán, Ferenc Gyurcsány and Gábor Vona as the CIP model of leadership indicates. Then, we present the opinion poll results on the popularity of the three politicians’ parties and also on the issue of migration. Our findings suggest that the more diverse leadership a politician constructs, the more support s/he gains from the citizens.
Press coverage of the German reunification issue in a long-term perspective, 1990–2014
Authors: Leidecker-Sandmann Melanie , Maier Jürgen , Maier Michaela
Published: March 2020

This paper analyses the long-term coverage 1990–2014 of German reunification by six German newspapers. Our quantitative content analysis shows how often the press covers the event, what the content of the coverage is, and how journalists evaluate the reunification process. As we have analysed newspapers of different locations, ranges, types, and editorial lines, we can see whether newspapers cover German reunification differently. Our analysis shows that the amount of coverage of reunification quickly decreases, and only a few articles are published prominently. The press reports on more differences between East and West Germany than similarities; about one third of the articles mentions problems and conflicts, although they become less important over time. All in all, positive evaluations of German reunification outweigh negative judgments and increase over time. We see evidence that the placement, content, and tone of coverage highly depends on the type, editorial line, range, and location of the newspapers.
Profile of public relations practitioners in Poland: Research results
Authors: Tworzydło Dariusz , Szuba Przemysław , Życzyński Norbert
Published: March 2020

The article is a summary of three quantitative research projects carried out in the years 2017–2018 taking into account a set of analogous questions. Their collective aggregation allows the attempt to present the profile of a Polish PR specialist with the indication of the main activities undertaken while performing daily professional duties. The research has shown that media relations and e-PR play a key role in everyday professional work. Nevertheless, a PR specialist in Poland has to deal with many task areas, which are often related to the dynamic development of new technologies, such as relations with influencers. In the analyses, the key diagnostic element was the measurement of professional experience and information regarding employment aspects. Respondents constituted both specialists working in PR agencies as well as in other domestic companies and institutions. The article contains a list of activities presented in statistical terms that are related to work in the PR industry.
Journalists, PR professionals and the practice of paid news in Central and Eastern Europe: An overview
Authors: Örnebring Henrik
Published: March 2020

This article maps the practice of paid news in Central and Eastern Europe using a review of previous research and a set of exploratory semi-structured interviews with journalists and PR practitioners across 10 post-communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe N = 164. Paid news refers to the practice of journalists and/or news organizations taking money often offered through the intermediary of a PR professional or PR company to write puff pieces for businesses or political interests without indicating that the content is in fact paid for, i.e. a form of corruption of both journalism and PR. This presentation suggests that the existence of the practice is to a great extent systemic, as both journalists and PR professionals are part of a common “culture of corruption” and thus the continued existence of the practice is also a de-professionalizing influence on both occupations, where representatives of both spheres have strong incentives to keep utilizing paid news.
Reduction of liberalism in Lithuanian media policy
Authors: Jastramskis Deimantas
Published: March 2020

Lithuanian governments had been conducting liberal economic policies regarding media subjects for almost two decades, till the end of 2008. However, the economic crisis in 2008 influenced the Lithuanian government to apply the measures of fi scal consolidation: in similar fashion, liberal media policy was adjusted with the state gaining more power. The aim of this article is to analyze Lithuanian media policy decisions and their effects on media sectors, organizations and workers during the period of the economic crisis and since then. The article claims that essentially reduced liberalization of taxation, slightly reduced commercialization of the national media environment and reinforced overly bureaucratic system of media regulation resulted in a lesser degree of liberalism in the Lithuanian media policy from the end of 2008 to 2015.
Framing of European integration in Ukrainian media discourse
Authors: Polegkyi Oleksii
Published: March 2020

The topic of European integration is one of the most important for Ukrainian political discourse and reflects the main controversy in politics and society. This paper is based on a case study: how are European integration and widely the idea of Europe conceptualized in Ukrainian political discourses and how are they presented and framed in the Ukrainian press in the period 2005–2010? What are the dominant frames in the representation of European integration in the Ukrainian press? This study demonstrates that conceptualization of European integration and, connected with it, the foreign policy choice of Ukraine is proceeding in the Ukrainian media discourse with usage of the following dominant frames: geopolitical confrontation, civilizational choice and an instrument of inner changes.
Learning PR. Methodological and legitimation-based learning in PR — A theoretical approach and empirical findings
Authors: Hoffjann Olaf , Lohse Michael
Published: March 2020

PR increases the reflexivity of organizations, thereby providing a central opportunity for learning. While this consideration is implicitly contained in many definitions and theories relating to PR, organizational learning has until now remained a “hidden topic” in international PR research. This is all the more surprising when we consider that learning is relevant to PR on two counts at least: first, the aforementioned role of PR as a central learning opportunity within an organization. PR identifies stakeholder demands and develops strategies to help ensure the legitimacy of the organization. This will be referred to as legitimation-based learning. Second, PR learns with respect to its own methods and skills. This will be referred to as method-based learning. This article will present a theoretical framework for legitimation-based and method-based learning. Then, the initial results of an online survey N = 121 that examines selected issues relating to this approach will be presented.
Papież Franciszek. Jaki jest, jakim go postrzegamy? — wizerunek w przestrzeni komunikacji konfesyjnej
Authors: Borkowski Igor
Published: March 2020

Pope Francis. What is he like, how do we perceive him? Image in confessional communicationThe article combines descriptive data on the development, shaping and communication of the image of Jorge Bergoglio, from the moment of his election to the papacy and adoption of the name of Francis, with the author’s own research into the assessment and perception of Pope Francis. The author analyses the results of research into the evolution and evaluation of Pope Francis’ personal image, and points to the most important elements of the varied opinions on both the figure of the pope and his actions, exercise of social roles, risks and strengths of his image.
Ponowna instytucjonalizacja public relations a błędy popełniane przez strażników „ducha informacjonizmu”
Authors: Madryas Weronika
Published: March 2020

Another institutionalisation of public relations and the mistakes made by the guardians of the “spirit of informationism”The article focuses on a new, hypertextual model of public relations created by the author, who confronts it with the practice of information management in contemporary organisations. The theoretical foundation of the concept of public relations proposed by the author can be found in the division which was introduced by the classics J. Grunig and T. Hunt and which has been expanded to include the virtual new media layer of communication as well as an analysis of its impact on corporate dialogue.Despite the fact that the author’s model of information management helps with putting into practice the model of symmetrical bilateral communication — sometimes seen as utopian in the literature on the subject — and turning PR into a function of strategic management, this does not protect organisations from mistakes made by PR specialists. In such a perspective the main aim of the article is to demonstrate the significance of the right choice of PR personnel to an organisation’s communication success.
Girl power! Femvertising jako nowy trend w komunikacji marketingowej. Analiza zjawiska na podstawie wybranych kampanii
Authors: Paszek Joanna
Published: March 2020

Girl power! Femvertising as a new trend in marketing communications. Analysis based on selected campaignsBrands are a litmus paper of cultural and social changes that happen all around us. Not only must they follow the trends, they have to create them and adapt their personality and identity accordingly. One of vital questions are growing ambitions of women — and with them a frustration that has arisen from facing a reality full of limiting stereotypes. Third-wave feminism grows stronger and marketing, inherent in the social reality, forecasts new tendencies and proposes a new type of message. That’s how the femvertising was born — marketing communication aimed at women, which presents them as separate from stereotyped social roles. It focuses on real problems women face when trying to pursue self-development. The article presents the results of semiotic analysis of marketing messages of brands: Dove and Always, based on a model which allows to analyze the message on the several interconnected levels of meaning. The purpose of this text is to verify what image of the world and the feminity results from the femvertising type of communication, and what challenges the femvertising faces as a fairly new type of communication.
Prasa konspiracyjna w służbie kontrpropagandy — funkcje, cele, zjawiska językowe na przykładzie gazet podziemnych 1939–1945
Authors: Poprawa Marcin
Published: March 2020

Underground press in the service of counterpropaganda — functions, goals, linguistic phenomena as seen in underground newspapers of 1939–1945In the article the author examines the most important strategies of the linguistic fight against the Nazi propaganda employed by the underground press published by political parties active in the Polish Underground State during the Second World War. A theoretical introduction contains an outline of the model of political communication under German occupation 1939–1945 as well as the most important functions of articles that could be placed between political propaganda and wartime propaganda.
Пoляки в Kpимy y 20–30 poки XX cтoлiття
Authors: Pronkevich Oleksandr
Published: March 2020

During the last few years Europe is heading the problem of refugees. Nowadays there are 125 ethnicities in Crimea. Poles constitute one of these groups, and it is not the smallest one. A part of the contemporary community of Crimean Poles are the descendants of Polish refugees, who came to the peninsula in the first half of the 20th century. The present article is based on an analysis of the data from Crimean archives referring to the given topic. Published materials may arise the interest of not only historians but can be also useful for people willing to re-establish family ties, as well as in the process of solving problems connected with the refugees, whose number in the contemporary world is still getting higher.
Kronika szkolna — specyficzne narzędzie kształtowania obrazu wojny i żołnierza
Authors: Borkowski Igor
Published: March 2020

The status of the school chronicle as a genre documenting social life may seem dysfunctional from today’s perspective. Nowadays, there are other channels of communication and other means of transferring values, shaping attitudes and setting examples. However, the school chronicle can still be an interesting resource illustrating the contemporary means and tools — actualized in the messages of persuasion and propaganda — which effectively influence the attitudes, ideas, views and decisions of recipients, as well as shape their attitudes and construct personal patterns of parenetic character. The text focuses on the analysis of material from school chronicles which concerns the image of war and that of the soldier.
Klepsydry z lat 1946–1949 — wyjątkowe świadectwo powojennych losów
Authors: Śleziak Marta
Published: March 2020

Obituaries 1945–1949 — valuable post-war period ephemeraThe article makes Polish obituaries from post-war period the centre of attention. Obituaries seem to be particularly important for researchers because of being a part of ephemera — items expected to have only short-term usefulness, that have never been analyzed by linguists. Thanks to Wroclaw University Library collection, it is possible to analyze the unique obituaries published in so-called Regained Territories in very post-war period. Firstly, there is an association with other popular funeral genre published in press discussed. Then, there are three aspects taken under consideration: structure of obituary composition, symbols, typical phrases, language stylistics, syntax, values, reference to political and social reality.
Leopold Tyrmand. Dziennik pisarza: autokreacja i powieść
Authors: Jaxa-Rożen Hanna
Published: March 2020

Leopold Tyrmand. Writer’s notebook: self-creation and the novelThe paper “Leopold Tyrmand. Writer’s notebook: self-creation and the novel” presents a color­ful character in the landscape of post-war, communist Poland. The analysis focuses on “Diary 1954” and is conveyed using both current research and the critics’ reviews of the author’s contemporar­ies. The literary features exposed in this paper consist of self-creation, using members of the art­istic community of that time as characters as well as the motif of an erotic relationship. Leopold Tyrmand consciously creates his own story; his diary becomes a novel, while his life story of his life is gaining literary shape.
„Lektura nieporządku”: kilka przykładów narracji autobiograficznych z okresu Zagłady
Authors: Stańczak-Wiślicz Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Reading what was born out of disorder — a few examples of autobiographical narratives from the period of the HolocaustThe paper is based on the textual analysis of a few chosen autobiographical narratives from the period of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. They were written by teenage girls and young women, mostly in Polish. “Reading what was born out of disorder” — category formulated by the French historian, Arlette Farge, has been applied as a basis for the analysis. According to Farge’s concept, the paper deals with the analysis of the authors attempts to document the disintegration of a well-known world of every-day experiences and their own suffering related to a lack of order in the world around them.
Asfiksjofilia i kontrola. Nienormatywna praktyka w społeczno-kulturowej perspektywie
Authors: Florkowski Robert
Published: March 2020

Asphyxiophilia and control. Nonnormative practice in the socio-cultural perspectiveAsphyxiaphilia means predilection for sexual practices, which include asphyxia as key compon­ent. There are many ways to restrict the oxygen intake of living human, the most typical is choking or hanging by the neck. Paradoxically, physiological disturbance, associated usually with it undesir­able symptoms caused by oxygen deficit are used by asphyxiaphilics as intense, highly gratifying sexual stimuli. These types of behavior are risky, transgressive and usually stigmatized. This are some of the reasons why they are perceived as dangerous not only physically, but socially to and why they can easily trigger variety of controlling interventions. It is interesting that on the one hand asphyxiaphilic activity often turn to be precisely planned and controlled rituals, and the loss of control can result literary in death. On the other hand, disclosure or accidental release, leak of infor­mation into communal, public environment may lead to “social death”. Sociologists researching this domain encounter puzzling challenges and intriguing questions about boundaries between social and public, normative and non-normative, destructive and gratifying, compulsive and voluntary, transgressive and existential.
“Poema por contacto” como corriente oculta de la poesía moderna
Authors: Kurek Marcin
Published: March 2020

“Contact poem” as a hidden current of modern poetryThe aim of this text is to indicate possible senses of development of some of the ideas exposed previously in my studies on the literary poetry of the Catalan artist and writer Joan Brossa. In particular, I refer to the concept of “contact poemˮ interpreted in terms of a semiological analogy of photography that we consider as a modern technique and art par excellence, being probably the most radical and influential invention for culture of the last two centuries. In this sense, it is interesting to see if the consequences of the predominance of visual codes for the development of modern poetry can rather be perceived as a norm beyond the Brossian experiments of an avant-garde nature. Following a theoretical approach based on the ideas of V. Flusser and A. Rouillé, some of Brossaʼs texts are analysed from the perspective of visualisation techniques and linked to another literary example, the novel Pale Fire by V. Nabokov.
Forestalling, Positive Obligations and the Lockean and Blockian Provisos: Rejoinder to Stephan Kinsella
Authors: Block Walter E.
Published: March 2020

Forestalling, Positive Obligations and the Lockean and Blockian Provisos: Rejoinder to Stephan KinsellaThe Blockian proviso mandates that no one precludes or forestalls anyone else in their land homesteading patterns such that they prevent them from homesteading virgin encircled land. Kinsella 2007, 2009A takes issue with this position and likens it to the properly denigrated Lockean proviso. The present paper is an attempt to distinguish the two provisos one from the other, and defend the former from Kinsella’s critiques.
Niedobory konsumpcji w gospodarstwach domowych z dziećmi z niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Janoś-Kresło Mirosława
Published: March 2020

Consumption Deficiency in Households with Children with DisabilitiesNot every household can afford, mainly due to limited financial resources, to meet their needs in a satisfactory manner. The aim of the article is to present selected findings of empirical research qualitative study — FGI, IDI and quantitative study — CAPI and CAWI, requested by the respondent carried out for the needs of the project Entrepreneurial and Consumer Behaviour of Families Caring for Children and Youth with Disabilities. The article presents the financial situation of households with achild/children with disabilities, the financial obligations and purposes of consumer credits and loans, the most acute shortages in the household, the allocation of additional income and the ways of coping with difficulties.
Aktywność wynalazcza w sektorze technologii związanej z niedosłuchem w konfrontacji z bodźcami popytowymi
Authors: Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska Małgorzata , Sobiecka Aldona
Published: March 2020

Inventive activity in the technology sector related with hearing loss when confronted with demand stimulusThe issue of the article focuses on the demand and supply innovation incentives aimed at people with varying degrees of hearing loss. The aim of this publication is to confront actual inventive activity representing the supply side with expectations of their users who create demand-side innovative incentives. Thus, for the purposes of this article will be used two research methods. Inventive activity will be analyzed using the patent metrics tools. Its assessment and identification of users expectations on the example of hearing aids will be made based on results of questionnaires.
Quasi-obowiązkowe uczestnictwo w pracowniczych programach emerytalnych na przykładzie Wielkiej Brytanii. Szanse i zagrożenia
Authors: Szczepański Marek
Published: March 2020

Quasi-compulsory participation in occupational pension schemes on example of Great Britain: opportunities and threatsThe purpose of this article is to identify the opportunities and threats associated with compulsory or quasi-compulsory participation in occupational pension schemes based on the literature review of the subject and the comparative studies of the effects of introducing such solutions in selected countries UK, Ireland. On this basis, conclusions and recommendations will be made regarding the proposed introduction of similar solutions in the Polish pension system.
Ujęcie jakości życia w badaniu stanu zielonej gospodarki
Authors: Artemiuk Helena , Wyszkowska Dorota , Godlewska Anna
Published: March 2020

Quality of life in green economy surveyNature is a source of everything that surrounds us. Resources of our planet are, however, limited and the rate at which they are used leads to negative consequences not only for the globe, but also for its inhabitants. Pressure on environment is so great that it threatens the supply of resources to satisfy the residents’ needs and their wellbeing. Only responsible activity of humans in terms of development perspectives may limit excessive exploitation of natural environment and preserve it for future generations, while simultaneously lead to economic growth and development. One of such perspectives is the introduction of „green economy”. It is a set of activities undertaken to increase economic growth while taking due care of environment. “Green economy” involves monitoring of the effi ciency of the aforementioned activities and of the state of greening the economy. Polish public statistics has put forth a set of measurements which can be used for this monitoring. The aim of this article is to evaluate the quality of life in Poland with the use of specially selected set of indices used to assess the state of green economy. This work consists of two parts. The fi rst presents both theoretical aspects of green economy and indices to measure it. The other, however, focuses on Poland against the background of a selected group of indices, which can describe and assess the quality of life of Polish residents.
Mobilne aplikacje medyczne jako narzędzia wspierające organizację polskiego systemu ochrony zdrowia
Authors: Kajzer Szymon , Szlachetka Natalia
Published: March 2020

Mobile me dical applications — tools supporting organization of Polish health systemThe article shows an important role of mobile medical applications as tools that improve the quality and availability of health care. It indicates that these are stabilizing solutions and that they affect positively the effectiveness of the health care system. The motivation for discussing the software is to find the reason for rare usage of the applications during treatment of the beneficiaries.The aim of the analysis was to examine patients’ knowledge of medical applications, arguing that lack of knowledge about health software among medical care recipients may be a key factor in the low interest of the providers. Moreover, it could cause the lack of motivation to take any action. The obtained results allowed us to determine the percentage of people using or not using the application. The analysis has identified the most important barriers and biases toward medical software. In addition, the data provided information on the types of applications most frequently used by the examined and indicated features that could be motivators for potential users to install them.
Aktywność fizyczna determinantą zdrowia populacji
Authors: Ucieklak-Jeż Paulina , Bem Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Physical activity as a determinant of population’s hea lth statusIn this paper we verified and analysed the relationship between: 1 cycling in minutes and doing another sports, in a typical week, and social determinants of health; 2 moving on foot in public space and social determinants of health; 3 physical activity associated with the performance of work and the social determinants of health; 4 physical activity and health assessment, long-term health problems, diseases and chronic ailments, and athleticism. We constructed three research hypotheses: H1 residents of densely populated areas large cities are physically active; H2 the longer the time average intensity of physical activity, the healthier the population; H3 the healthiest group are people physically active. The first hypothesis was positively verified — inhabitants of large cities often spend a lot of time at work, are stressed and need some physical activity. The second hypothesis was confirmed only partially: Chi square = 1692,469; Yul φ = 0,322; Q-Kendalla = 0,297 indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the amount of time spent on sports and health. The longer time spent on sport, the better health. The third hypothesis was also confirmed — active physical enjoy better health.