bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SOLAR DAN PERTAMINA DEX TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN TRAKTOR
Authors: Aripin Iqbal Zainal , Botutihe Sjahril
Published: January 2019

Mesin traktor merupakan sistim penggerak utama yang banyak digunakan baik untuk sistim transportasi maupun penggerak stasioner. Dikenal sebagai motor bakar yang mempunyai efisiensi tinggi. Di indonesia bahan bakar mesin traktor yang sering di gunakan adalah solar dan pertamina dex yang memiliki sifat yang berbeda. Kedua bahan bakar ini sekilas nampak sama tapi berbeda, namun memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Salah satunya adalah angka cetana, dimana pertamina dex lebih tinggi daripada solar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membandingkan konsumsi bahan bakar  dan efisiensi kerja pada mesin traktor Quick G1000s dengan menggunakan solar dan pertamina dex ketika diberikan pembebanan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini adalah melakukan pengujian langsung dan observasi terhadap kinerja mesin traktor untuk mengumpulkan data-data yang dibutuhkan. Hasil penelitian Dari hasil pengujian di atas di dapatkan dalam bukaan throttle body standar (low) dengan derajat pengapian yang sama yaitu 16 derajat, di dapatkan pada bahan bakar solar dengan rata-rata putaran mesin 1225rpm, dengan waktu 10 menit 8 detik, mengkonsumsi bahan bakar 111,67ml. sedangkan pada pertamina dex dengan putaran rata-rata mesin 1391,67rpm, dengan waktu 9 menit 7 detik, mengkonsumsi bahan bakar 81,67ml
STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPEED OF CALLING PROCEDURES, LANGUAGE C++
Authors: Асланов Геворк , Aslanov Gevorg , Сугарова Лаура , Sugarova Laura
Published: January 2019

This article is a continuation of one work to determine the optimal strategy of macro-replacement in the optimization program codes of C++. Macro-replacement for routines is to deploy the function code in all the places her call. The article describes the results of experiments to determine the factors affecting the speed of subroutines. Initially, it was believed that function call times are affected by the time the function stack is allocated and the time to transfer control to the function. In connection with the results of the experiment, it was established that the time for transfer of control is insignificant compared to the time of allocation of memory. The time that the stack memory of a function allocated depends on the amount of code and the number of stack objects used by the function. To optimize the speed of the program, you can use two variants of macro-replacement. The first is the use of a special C++ language modifier (in-line/__forceinline), and the second is a direct substitution of the code in the place of the call. There is almost no difference in the effectiveness of these methods, except that the programmer has to control the errors in the code substitution strategy. Therefore, the method of using a special modifier was chosen for experiments. Was selected modifier __forceinline, because in a typical inline, the compiler may ignore the programmer recommendations and not done macro-replacement, if the optimization algorithms of the compiler don't need it. And __forceinline is guaranteed to apply macro-replacement. In connection with the results obtained, it can be concluded that macro-replacement significantly increases the speed of the program but can lead to an increase in the size of the executable file.
Effect of partial replacement of fishmeal with Eichhornia crassipes on growth and survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) juveniles
Authors: Patel M. R. , Vadher K. H. , Mer R. R. , Baraiya K. G. , Tandel K. V.
Published: January 2019

The objective of the study was to find out the effect of partial replacement of fish meal in the diet of Labeo rohita juveniles. In this experiment, the data pertaining to growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio of L. rohita at partial replacement of fishmeal with E. crassipes were evaluated. For that purpose fry of approximately equal weight (57.97mg ± 1.25) were distributed in groups of 15 to each four aquaria at 0% (T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4) and 40% (T5) inclusion levels of aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes. Maximum mean weight gain (235.25 ± 11.04 mg) was observed in T1 and minimum (165.06 ± 10.93 mg) was observed in T5 at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments tested, the highest survival (89.99% ± 1.93) was recorded in treatment T1 and minimum was found in T4 (79.99% ± 2.72). Lowest FCR was recorded in treatment T3 (2.02 ± 0.39) and highest was found in T5 (3.08 ± 0.59). Higher SGR was observed in treatment T1 (297.15 ± 18.78%) and minimum was observed in T5 (182.74 ± 18.45%). The study revealed a decrease in the growth performance indices as the percentage of water hyacinth increases. In present study also there was not much difference in growth rate upto 20% incorporation of E. crassipes in the diet. Also, significant difference was observed among treatments with respect to feed utilization (P<0.05).
Effect of osmo air drying method on nutritional quality of peach (Prunus persica (l) batsch.) cultivars during storage
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Singh Jagmohan , Babita Babita , Malik Anisa , Chauhan Harmeet , Kour Harleen , Gupta Prerna
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to develop value added products and to assess the quality parameters of osmo air dried peach slices. The peach slices were dried by osmo air drying method. Dehydrated peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch.) slices prepared were stored under ambient conditions in polythenepacks and subjected to physico-chemical analysis at 45 days interval for a period of 135 days. The highest total sugars were observed in Flordasun 58.28 % and reducing sugars (39.35 %) in Shan-e-Punjab. The maximum acidity (1.84 %) in Shan-e-Punjab, ash content (4.43 %) in Early Grand were recorded. The maximum ascorbic acid content of 11.94 mg/100g was found in Shan-e-Punjab. During storage, an increasing trend was observed in total sugars (54.27-56.76%) and reducing sugars (38.08-39.38%), whereas, acidity (1.85-1.74), ascorbic acid (11.75-9.81mg/100g) , and ash content showed decreasing trend. It is thus concluded that Early Grand, Flordasun and Shan-e-Punjab, cultivars of peach can be suitably used for preparation of dehydrated peach product using osmo air drying methods.
Performance of wheat cultivars at varying fertility levels under system of wheat intensification and conventional method of wheat production system
Authors: Chatterjee Kaushik , Singh C.S. , Singh A.K. , Singh Ashok Kr. , Singh S.K.
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2009-10 at Ranchi, Jharkhand to evaluate the performance of wheat cultivars at varying fertility levels under system of wheat intensification and conventional method of cultivation. The morpho-physiological analysis of growth and yield in wheat revealed that system of wheatintensification manifested higher total tillers m-2, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, number of spikes m-2, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight resulting in higher grain and straw yield over conventional method of cultivation. The net return and benefit: cost ratio as well as the nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash was also recorded significantly higher under system of wheat intensification. Higher fertility level of 120 kg N ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg K2O ha-1 also significantly improved the plant height, total tillers m-2, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, number of spikes m-2, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, net return, benefit: cost ratio and nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. Among the wheat cultivars, K 9107 manifested significant improvement in growth attributes at all the growth stages resulting in significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield, net return, benefit: cost ratio and nutrient uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash than Birsa Gehu 3, HUW 468 and K 0307. Thus it can be concluded that the wheat variety K 9107 fertilized with 120 kg N ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 40 kg K2O ha-1 under System of Wheat Intensification may able to boost up the wheat productivity under irrigated ecosystem of Chhotanagpur plateau region, India.
Development and sensory evaluation of ready to eat supplementary food using garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds
Authors: Jain Tanu , Grover Kiran , Grewal Inderjit Singh
Published: January 2019

Ready-to-eat traditional supplementary food was prepared using different substitution levels of garden cress seeds and evaluated using 9 point hedonic scale for sensory attributes. Addition of garden cress seeds showed significant difference at 15 and 10 per cent for Indian food pinni and panjiri and 5 per cent level for laddu and burfi for overall acceptability. For chikki, non significant difference was found in the mean scores for overall acceptability (P<0.05). In case of biscuits, values did not differ significantly at 7.5 per cent while significant difference was shown at 10 per cent. Supplementation of garden cress did not affect texture of foods except burfi where at 15 percent level significant difference was found. Overall acceptability of all developed products was found to be highest for control which decreased gradually with the increase in the level of garden cress powder. It may be concluded that garden cress can be utilized successfully up to 10-25 per cent level to prepare ready-to-eat supplementary food with high nutritional value without imposing a negative impact on sensory perception, which may prove a boon to malnourished population.
Preparation, acceptability and quality evaluation of fermented fish product Mowa shidal prepared from the Mola carplet (Amblypharyngodon mola, Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Kakati Bipul Kumar , Muzaddadi Armaan Ullah , Goswami Umesh Ch.
Published: January 2019

Mowa shidal was prepared from sundried Amblypharyngodon mola by the traditional fermentation process at ambient temperature, maintaining all possible hygienic conditions. Biochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities at the different stages of fermentation of Mowa shidal was monitored. The product was perfectly matured after 120 days of fermentation showing the characteristic shidal smell and a moist and sticky surface. The fermentation process did not show any significant effect (P>0.05) on the proximate composition. The product had a high nutritional quality. The protein and ash content of the sample were recorded to be 31.28-31.70% and 9.95-11.11%, respectively and pH showed 5.8-6.5 in 180 days of fermentation. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the fermented product was of acceptable quality. The TPC of Mowa shidal was 5.86 log cfu/g in the first month of fermentation and it reached 4.82 log cfu/g after 120 days. The counts gradually decreased with the increasing duration of fermentation. Most of the isolate was found to be Staphylococcus aureus. After the second month of fermentation S. aureus reached 54% of total count and might play an important role in the fermentation process. Pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella spp. and E. coli were absent, which indicate good sanitary practice during processing. Thus, the good quality shidal can be produced from A. mola with a high nutritional quality and consumer acceptability.
Effect of wheat straw and FYM on growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida during vermicomposting
Authors: Panjgotra Shilpa , Sangha G. K. , Sharma Sandeep , Kondal J. K.
Published: January 2019

Rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization has led to generation of large quantities of wastes. Major portion of organic waste is burned or dumped, creating huge amount of pollutants. The best possible alternative to reduce these pollutants is through vermicomposting. This experiment was done to investigate the effect of wheat straw and FYM (farm yard manure) in different combinations of 1:1, 1:1/2 and control on biological parameters viz., mean initial weight (mg/worm), maximum weight achieved (mg/worm), net weight gain (mg/worm), growth rate (mg/worm/day), duration of life cycle (in days), initiation of cocoon production (in days), total number of cocoons produced (in days), initiation of hatching (in days), hatching per cocoon, cocoons produced per worm, cocoons produced per day and period for vermicomposting along with physico-chemical parameters of vermicompost viz., pH,EC (dS m-1), nitrogen (kg/ha), phosphorous (kg/ha), potassium (kg/ha) and organic carbon (%). The study revealed that maximum period required for Eisenia fetida to complete its life cycle was 59.33±0.39 days in 1:1 combination (wheat straw: FYM), 62.33± 0.29 days in 1:1/2 combination (wheat straw: FYM) and 66±0.77days in control. Net weight gain and growth rate was higher in 1:1 combination. Initiation of cocoon production (23.66±0.14 ) and hatching (21±0.25) was recorded to be early in 1:1 combination. Total number of cocoons produced, cocoons produced per day and cocoons produced per worm was also higher in 1:1 combination. At the end, ready vermicompost showed decreased level of pH, EC, OC and increased level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. The maximum significant results were obtained in 1:1 combination. In 1:1 combination decrease in pH, EC and OC was 11.09 %, 41.45 % and 59.55 %, respectively and increase in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium was 250.84 %, 216.12 % and 168.75 %, respectively. Results indicate that E. fetida in 1:1 combination is more suitable for bioconversion of organic residues into useful manure due to its high growth, reproduction and nutritive potential.
Kriz Dönemi İletişim Stratejisi Olarak Yıkıcı Reklam; Kfc Örneği
Authors: GÖZTAŞ Aylin , TUNA SEVİNGÜL Neval
Published: January 2019

Postmodern dönemin tüketim kalıp
ve davranışları, nesnelerin gösterge değeri üzerine kurulurken tüketim kültürü,
küresel dünyayı kuşatmıştır. Daha çok tüketmenin ve iletişim/ilişki kuran
parçaların toplumsal ihtiyaç haline geldiği bu dönemde, yıkıcı reklam, kültürel
yıkımın ve bozgunculuğun bir unsuru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yine aynı
küresel dünya, üzerinde yükseldiği alt sistemlerin yapıları ve ilişkileri
itibarı ile krizlere gebedir ve hatta krizlerden beslenmektedir. Çalışma, ilgili
literatür taramasını takiben 2018 KFC Krizinde firmanın kendine karşı
kullandığı yıkıcı reklam kriz iletişim stratejisi ve uygulamalarının örnek olay
çalışması olarak incelenmesi üzerine kurulmuştur.
The Role of Digital Influencers in the Diffusion of New Products
Authors: MADEN Deniz
Published: January 2019

Social
media created an entirely new type of influencers and changed the way for
generating, collecting and sharing information and how people contribute to
content. These influencers are called the “digital influencers” and they
represent new type of opinion leaders with a huge potential of network and
influential power over consumers. Their growing power is leading them to be
gradually included in brand communication strategies with the aim of
transmitting brand messages to target consumers.

In
particular, many brands benefit from the huge influential power of this new
group of opinion leaders for new product entries. This paper explains how
digital influencers take place in diffusing brand messages for new product
entries from the perspective of the ‘diffusion of innovations theory’ with an
investigation directed to digital fashion influencers’ Instagram posts for new
product entries. The research is a descriptive study and that utilize quantitative
content analysis. Through an investigation of the verbal and visual texts of
Instagram posts, this research seeks to understand the diffusion of new
products through digital influencers.
Los retos de la humanidad ante la perspectiva de 2050 y los bosques
Authors: Rojas Briales E.
Published: January 2019

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Nombres y paisaje
Authors: Ruiz Urrestarazu M.M.
Published: January 2019

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Lecciones aprendidas y tareas pendientes en la actividad repobladora y viverística
Authors: Pemán García J.
Published: January 2019

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Prevención de incendios forestales: ¿qué estudiamos? ¿cómo transferimos el conocimiento?
Authors: Hernando Lara C.
Published: January 2019

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Aspectos económicos del recurso micológico. Implicaciones para la gestión forestal
Authors: Díaz Balteiro L.
Published: January 2019

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Presentación
Authors: Fernández Yuste, T. Del Campo, A.D.,
Published: January 2019

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Microrriego de brinzales a través de recipientes porosos enterrados: Fundamentos teóricos y prácticos
Authors: Del Río San José, J. Martínez de Azagra Paredes, A.,
Published: January 2019

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Propuesta de infraestructuras hidráulicas para el abastecimiento de la fauna de la Reserva Valenciana de Caza de la Muela de Cortes (RVCMC)
Authors: Segarra Vidal, J., Torregrosa Sole, J.B. Ferrer Gisbert, A., García Post, R.,
Published: January 2019

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Evaluación del hábitat acuático PHABSIM bi-dimensional para el establecimiento de un nuevo régimen de caudal ecológico en el río Inglares (Álava)
Authors: E. López,
Published: January 2019

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La aplicación de la Teledetección en los cambios de la cobertura vegetal.Aplicación al tramo medio del río Jarama (Guadalajara)
Authors: Bernabe, V., Gardezi, A., Riesco J.A. García Rodríguez J.L., , F. Giménez Suárez M.C., García Robredo,
Published: January 2019

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Levantamiento topográfico de cuñas de diques forestales para estimar la erosión y emisión de sedimentos en cárcavas restauradas
Authors: Mongil, J., Navarro, J. Díaz, V., Ramos, I.,
Published: January 2019

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Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma Case in Three Cattle
Authors: Yakan Selvinaz , Aksoy Özgür , Karaman Musa , Kılıç Engin , Ermutlu Celal Şahin
Published: January 2019

In this article, we compared the applied treatment results with the
clinical and histopathological findings for treating ocular squamous cell
carcinomas in three cattle. The study materials were a five-year-old crossbred
Simmental bull (First case), a four-year-old Eastern Anatolia Red cow (Second
case), and a six-year-old Simmental cow (Third case). The tumoural mass
observed in the first case’s left eye was completely extirpated. The tumoural
masses observed in the right eye of the second case and in the right eye of
third case were also completely extirpated, as were the accessory organs and
bulbus oculi. In the histopathological investigation, the extirpated tumour
masses were determined to be ocular squamous cell carcinomas. In the first
case, the mass was taken from the ventral palpebral conjunctiva, but in the
second and third cases, the mass was taken from the cornea. As a result, in the
cases of cattle ocular squamous cell carcinomas, after removing the mass with
surgical excision, there was no recurrence in the postoperative period, and the
general condition of the patients were observed to be good.
Sivas ve Yöresinde Sığır Ayak Hastalıkları Prevalansının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yurdakul İbrahim , Şen İlker
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada; 2016-2017
yıllarında Sivas ve yöresinde sığırlarda görülen ayak hastalıkları
prevalansının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini Sivas ili ve
merkeze bağlı köylerde bulunan değişik yaş, ırk ve cinsiyette toplam 1852 baş
sığır oluşturdu. İncelenen olgularda 570 hayvanda sadece tırnak deformitesi, 74
vakada ayak hastalığı görülürken 74 olguda da tırnak deformitesi ile birlikte
ayak hastalığı saptandı. Çalışmada tırnaklardaki deformasyonların dağılımı 154
olguda küt tırnak, 112 olguda sivri tırnak, 102 olguda tirbuşon tırnak, 108
olguda makas tırnak, 94 olguda yayvan-geniş-dolgun tırnak, 62 olguda ayrık
tırnak ve 12 olguda ise gaga tırnak deformasyonu tespit edildi. Bu çalışmada
ayak hastalığı belirlenen 148 adet sığırda toplam 170 adet lezyon belirlendi.
Bu lezyonların 32 adedi ökçe çürüğü, 30 adedi tırnak çatlağı, 26 adedi taban
ülseri, 18 adedi beyaz çizgi hastalığı, 12 adedi digital dermatit, 10 adedi
interdigital dermatit, 10 adedi interdigital hyperplasia (limax), 10 adedi
tırnak yarası, 6 adedi pododermatitis aseptica diffusa, 4 adedi pododermatitis
aseptica circumscripta, 6 adedi
yabancı cisim batması, 2 adedi ökçe apsesi, 2 adedi interdigital flegmon, 2
adedi corium ungulae de canlı doku üremesi oluşturdu. Sonuç olarak Sivas ve
yöresinde sığırlarda ayak hastalıklarının yıllık prevalansı %38.77 olarak
tespit edildi.
Beslenme ve Epigenetik
Authors: Sırıken Belgin , Sırıken Fatih , Ünsal Cengiz , Çiftci Gülay
Published: January 2019

Epigenetik, DNA diziliminde herhangi bir değişiklik
olmaksızın kromatin ve DNA’da reverzibil nitelikte meydana gelen moleküler
değişiklikleri kapsayan kalıtsal mitotik çalışmalar olarak tanımlanır. Başlıca epigenetik
süreçler metilasyon, kromatin modifikasyonu, fosforilasyon, ubiquitinilasyon ve
sumuilasyondur. Bunlar arasında, DNA metilasyonu ile kromatin modifikasyonu en
iyi bilinenidir. Kromatin, çekirdekte bir araya getirilen bir protein (histon)
ve DNA kompleksidir. Bu kompleks, mikroRNA’lar ve küçük RNA interferansı (RNA
girişimi) gibi bazı RNA formları, enzimler ve asetil gruplar gibi maddeler
tarafından değiştirilebilir. Bu değişiklikler gen ifadesinin etkilenmesine neden
olarak kromatin yapılarını da değiştirir. Epigenetik modifikasyonlar, büyümenin
kritik dönemlerindeki beslenme ve hastalıklara yol açabilen gen ifadelerindeki
değişmeler arasında potansiyel bir bağlantı sağlar. Bu nedenle, epigenetik
işaretlerin çevre, beslenme ve hastalıklar arasında mekanik bir bağlantı
sağladığı kabul edilmektedir. Besinler ve biyoaktif gıda bileşenleri ya direk
olarak DNA metilasyonu ile histon modifikasyonunu katalize eden enzimleri
inhibe ederek ya da bütün enzimatik reaksiyonlar için gerekli ulaşılabilir
substratları değiştirmek suretiyle epigenetik fenomenleri etkileyebilir. Örneğin,
yeşil çay yapraklarında bulunan folatlar, kahve, hububat taneleri, erik ve kivi
meyvelerinde bulunan sinnamik asit, yeşil çaydan elde edilen
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) gibi fenoller, kırmızı üzüm ve ürünlerinde
bulunan resveratrol, turpgillerde bulunan izotiyosiyanat ve sulforafan, keten tohumundaki
lignanlar, selenyum ve bazı vitaminler epigenetik besinler olarak
değerlendirilir. Bu derlemenin amacı epigenetik değişikliklerle
beslenme arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktadır.
Kangal Köpeklerinde Trachea’nın Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Üç Boyutlu Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Atalar Ömer , Koç Mustafa , Özkan Zait Ender , Baygeldi Saime Betül , Aslan Kanmaz Yeşim
Published: January 2019

Bu araştırma; Kangal köpeklerinde ilk kez bilgisayarlı tomografik
görüntüler kullanılarak trachea’nın ayrıntılı anatomisini elde etmek amacıyla
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada 5 erkek ve 5 dişi olmak üzere toplam 10 erişkin
Kangal köpeği kullanılmıştır. Multidedektör bilgisayarlı tomografi (MDBT) cihazından
elde edilen görüntüler, üç boyutlu (3D) modelleme yazılımı (VITAL, Vitrea 2,HP
XW 6400) ile trachea’nın üç boyutlu yeniden yapılandırılmasında kullanılmıştır.
Trachea’nın ölçümleri; hem pars cervicalis hem de pars thoracalis bölgelerinde;
cranial ve caudal noktalar belirlenerek yapılmıştır. Trachea’nın 4 noktasından
alınan transversal ve vertical çap ölçümleri, bu çapların birbirlerine oranı
(T/V) ile kesitsel lümen alanları (crosssectional area CSA), BT (Bilgisayarlı
tomografi) tarayıcı yazılımı ile ölçülmüştür. Erkekler ve dişiler arasında
önemli bir istatistiksel fark bulunmamıştır. Trachea’nın başlangıç ve bitiş
kısımlarında çapların arttığı gözlenmiştir. Transversal çapların bütün ölçüm
noktalarında vertical çaplardan daha yüksek değerlerde olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Üç boyutlu modelleme ile trachea’nın dorsoventral basık ve tam
olmayan elipsoid şeklinde olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Araştırmanın ilk kez
yapılmış olması sebebiyle, anatomi alanındaki benzer çalışmalara kaynak teşkil
edebileceği düşünülmektedir.
Yüksek Yağlı Diyet ile Beslenen Ratlarda Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Çayının Obeziteyi Önleyici Etkisinin Histopatolojik ve Biyokimyasal Olarak Araştırılması
Authors: Uyar Ahmet , Esim Erhan
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışmada yüksek yağlı diyetle beslenen ratlarda, Mate yaprağı (Ilex
paraguariensis) çayının obezite oluşumu üzerine etkisi histopatolojik ve
biyokimyasal olarak araştırıldı. Bu amaçla 32 adet Wistar albino rat; Kontrol (K)
(n: 8), Yüksek Yağlı Diyet (YYD) (n: 8), YYD+Mate (YYD+M) (n: 8) ve Mate (M)
(n: 8) olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubu ratlar standart pelet yemle
beslendi. YYD ve YYD+M grubu ratlara, 300 g/kg oranında tereyağı eritilip yeme
katılarak enerji değeri yüksek (4165 kcal/kg) hale getirilen pelet yem verildi.
YYD+M ve M grubu ratlar ise 3 gr/kg vücut ağırlığı olacak şekilde günlük
hazırlanan Mate yaprağı (Ilex paraguariensis) çayı orogastrik sonda ile
verildi. Çalışma süresince ratların canlı ağırlık artışları izlendi. Histopatolojik
olarak karaciğerlerden alınan doku örneklerinde YYD grubunda yağlanma, hidropik
dejenerasyon ve bazı hepatositlerde koagulasyon nekrozları görülürken, YYD+M
grubunda tek tük yağlanma görüldü. Biyokimyasal analizlerde ALT, AST, ALP, LDH,
GGT, kolesterol, trigliserit, HDL ve açlık kan glukoz düzeyleri YYD grubunda kontrol grubuna göre belirgin
düzeyde yüksek, YYD+M grubunda ise kontrol grubuna yakın olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, YYD ile
birlikte verilen Mate yaprağı (Ilex paraguariensis) çayının ratlarda
obezite oluşumunun önüne geçebileceği kanaatine varıldı.
Intrarenal Segmentation of the Renal Arteries in the Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes Leinnoleus 1758) from Anatolia
Authors: Özüdoğru Zekeriya , Özdemir Derviş , Can Mehmet , Aksoy Gürsoy
Published: January 2019

This study was carried out to determine the biometric parameters and
intrarenal segmentation of the renal arteries of kidney in the Red fox (Vulpes Vulpes Leinnoleus 1758).
Corrosion cast method was applied to fourteen kidneys. It was found that the
means for diameter of the aorta abdominalis, arteria renalis dextra and arteria
renalis sinistra were 6.09 mm, 2.45 mm and 1.94 mm, respectively. Arteria
renalis dextra was longer than the left artery. The renal arteries were divided
into the dorsal and ventral branches. Both dorsal and ventral branches gave off
the arteria interlobaris, arteria arcuata and arteria interlobularis,
respectively. The right dorsal branch gave off 6 to 7 segmental arteries, the
right ventral branch 5 to 7 segmental arteries, the left dorsal branch 6 to 8
segmental arteries and the left ventral branch 4 to 7 segmental arteries.
Double renal arteries were determined in 3 of 10 (30%) kidneys but only on the
left side. As a result, arterial vascularization of red fox kidneys was
examined and similarities and differences with other animal species were
determined.
Ağrı İlinde Sığırlarda Ayak Hastalıkları Prevalansının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yakan Selvinaz
Published: January 2019

Bu çalışma; Ağrı
ilinde sığırlarda görülen ayak hastalıklarının prevalansının belirlenmesi
amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma farklı ırk, yaş ve cinsiyette toplam 1486 sığır
üzerinde yürütüldü. Araştırmadaki hayvanların ırklara göre dağılımı %34.66 (515
olgu)’sı Montofon, %30.96 (460 olgu)’sı Simental, %24.02 (357 olgu)’si yerli
ırk, %10.36 (154 olgu)’sı melez sığırlardı. Olguların cinsiyete göre dağılımı
ise %84.45 (1255 olgu)’i dişi, %15.55 (231 olgu)’i erkekti. 1486 sığırdan 280
sığırda ayak hastalığı tespit edildi. Tespit edilen hastalıkların %29.45 (48 olgu)’i interdigital dermatitis, %23.31
(38 olgu)’i digital dermatitis, %16.57 (27 olgu)’si interdigital hiperplazi, %15.95
(26 olgu)’i ökçe çürüğü, %6.75 (11 olgu)’i tırnak çatlağı, %3.68 (6 olgu)’i interdigital
flegmon, %2.45 (4 olgu)’i taban ülseri ve %1.84 (3 olgu)’ü beyaz çizgi
hastalığı oluşturdu. Hastalık tespit edilen olguların %54.29 (152 olgu)’unda
tırnak deformasyonu ile birlikte lezyon görülürken %3.92 (11 olgu)’sinde sadece
lezyon, %41.79 (117 olgu)’un da da sadece tırnak deformasyonu saptandı.
Topallık %2.14 oranında sağ ön ayakta, %4.29 oranında sol ön ayak, %47.86
oranında sağ arka ayak, %45.71 oranında sol arka ayakta görülmüştür. Arka
ayaklardaki lezyonların daha çok lateral (%55.73), ön ayakta ise daha çok
medial tırnaklarda (%61.11) yerleştiği saptanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın
sonuçlarına göre 2016-2017 yılları arasında Ağrı ilinde sığırlarda ayak
hastalıklarının yıllık prevalansı %18.84 olarak belirlenmiştir.
EKSISTENSI BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHASA NASIONAL DALAM UPAYA MENGHADAPI GENERASI MILENIAL
Authors: Pertiwi Chintami Budi
Published: January 2019

Bahasa Indonesia dalam berbagai keperluan merupakan bahasa resmi negara Indonesia dan telah digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi lisan maupun tulis, baik formal maupun informal. Selain fungsi komunikasi, bahasa Indonesia juga berfungsi sebagai alat pemersatu bangsa Indonesia. Dewasa ini bahasa Indonesia dihadapkan pada perkembangan dunia yang begitu pesat, termasuk perkembangan teknologi informasi dan kebudayaan yang begitu mengkhawatirkan. Dengan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan kebudayaan tersebut menuntut bangsa Indonesia untuk bekerja keras, dan secara aktif mempersiapkan diri mengejar ketinggalan yang ada dari berbagai aspek kehidupan, dan termasuk mengantisipasi perkembangan informasi dan budaya yang mengglobal. Salah satu dampak dari globalisasi ini adalah penggunaan Bahasa Inggris yang dianggap lebih berkelas dan memiliki nilai kebanggaan tersendiri oleh kaum milenial. Salah satu dampak positifnya yaitu akan memudahkan bagi para milenial untuk berkomunikasi secara internasional. Di sisi lain, dampak negative daripadanya yaitu loyalitas pembelajar terhadap bahasa Indonesia menjadi berkukurang, bahkan akan menjadi luntur. Bagaimana kiat bangsa Indonesia untuk mengejar ketinggalan dari bangsa lain dan bagaimana kiatnya agar bangsa Indonesia tetap mencintai bangsanya dan termasuk bahasanya, tentunya harus adanya kerja keras dan kepedulian dari seluruh komponen bangsa Indonesia.Abstract: Indonesian language in many purposes as the official language of Indonesian has been used as an oral and written communicate, both formal and informal. Besides being a communication tool, Indonesian language also serves as a unifying tool for Indonesian. In this era, Indonesian language is faced with a very rapid development of the world, including the development of information technology and culture that are so worrying. With the rapid development of information technology and culture, it demands the Indonesian people to work hard and actively prepare to catch up with the existing aspects of life, including anticipating information development and a globalized culture. One of the positive impact is easier for international communication. Meanwhile, the negative impact is predicted to be the learner's loyalty towards Indonesian language to be reduced and will even fade. How do Indonesian people try to catch up with other nations and how do they try to keep the Indonesian people in love with their nation and including their language, of course, there must be hard work and care for all components of the Indonesian nation.
Task Duration and Task Order do not Matter: No Effect on Self-Control Performance
Authors: Wolff Wanja , Sieber Vanda , Bieleke Maik , Englert Chris
Published: January 2019

The strength model of self-control proposes that all acts of self-control are energized by one global limited resource that becomes temporarily depleted by a primary self-control task, leading to impaired self-control performance in secondary self-control tasks. However, failed replications have cast doubt on the existence of this so-called ego depletion effect. Here, we investigated between-task (i.e. variation in self-control tasks) and within-task variation (i.e. task duration) as possible explanations for the conflicting literature on ego depletion effects. In a high-powered experiment (N = 709 participants), we used two established self-control tasks (Stroop task, transcription task) to test how variations in the duration of primary and secondary self-control tasks (2, 4, 8, or 16 minutes per task) affect the occurrence of an ego depletion effect (i.e., impaired performance in the secondary task). In line with the ego depletion hypothesis, subjects perceived longer lasting secondary tasks as more self-control demanding. Contrary to the ego depletion hypothesis, however, performance did neither suffer from prior self-control exertion, nor as a function of task duration. If anything, performance tended to improve when the primary self-control task lasted longer. These effects did not differ between the two self-control tasks, suggesting that the observed null findings were independent of task type.
Motivated cognition, conspiratorial epistemology, and bullshit: A model of post-factual political discourse
Authors: Kovic Marko , Caspar Christian , Rauchfleisch Adrian
Published: January 2019

We propose a definition of post-factual political discourse as a discursive attitude that consists of three components: Motivated reasoning, conspiratorial epistemology, and bullshit. Motivated reasoning means that any piece of new information will never weaken pre-existing beliefs; it is a form of confirmation bias. Conspiratorial epistemology occurs when information that contradicts pre-existing beliefs is automatically dismissed because it was allegedly manufactured by some conspiracy; evidence for that conspiracy and for the falsity of the dismissed information is not presented. Bullshit is a speach act with which the speaker aims to achieve only some instrumental goal; whether the uttered speech act is true or not is of no consequence to the speaker. Post-factual political discourse is a challenge for democracy because it erodes the epistemic dimension of democracy (thereby making it difficult, if not impossible to identify and solve societal problems) and because it erodes bridging social capital (thereby increasing polarization and tribalization).
THE DIDATIC ENGLISH LANGUAGE BOOK AND REPRESENTATIONS OF CULTURE AND INTERCULTURALIITY
Authors: da Silva Adriene Dafne Vieira
Published: January 2019

The work on canvas aims to analyze the cultural aspects, as well as its didactic treatment, in an English textbook developed to meet the criteria of the National Textbook Program for the year 2019, considering the terms concerning modern foreign languages. This analysis is part of a context in which the crossing of frontiers, globalization and the constant interaction between the most diverse cultures reach hitherto unseen levels.
Mermaid Syndrome
Authors: Siddique Md Abu Bakkar , Saha Sudip , Bose Kallol , Ghorai Sudipta , Khan Kalimuddin
Published: January 2019

We report a case of sirenomelia baby (Mermaid syndrome) born to a twenty three years old female at 37 weeks of gestation. Sirenomelia is characterized by fusion of the lower limbs with absent kidneys, absent external genitalia and other gastrointestinal defects. It results from the failure of normal vascular supply from the lower aorta in vitro, maternal Diabetes mellitus has been associated with caudal regression syndrome and sirenomelia.
Prevalence and Knowledge on Obesity Among School Going Adolescents of Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Apsara , Sapkota Sony
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Childhood obesity has now been recognized as a global health problem because of its devastating consequences and prevalence at uncontrollable rate worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of obesity and find out the knowledge on obesity among school going adolescents.

Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents of two private schools of Kaski district. Altogether 120 adolescent students were selected using census method. Height and weight were measured with standard scale and BMI was calculated. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at 0.05 significance level was used to analyze data.

Results: The mean age of adolescents was 15.1 years and 50% of them were male. The prevalence of obesity among adolescents was 3.3%. Seventy five percent of the adolescents had knowledge regarding meaning of obesity and 59.2% had mentioned high calorie intake as a risk factor of obesity. Likewise, 52.5% adolescents stated Diabetes mellitus as consequence of obesity. Ninety eight percent mentioned regular exercise as a preventive measure of obesity. More than three fourth (78.3%) of the adolescents had inadequate knowledge regarding obesity. Male adolescents had significantly higher knowledge than female adolescents (p=0.00).

Conclusion: Even though very few adolescents had obesity, there were adolescents with overweight which were at more risk for getting obesity. Adolescents have inadequate knowledge regarding obesity.
Child Adoption, Posttraumatic-Stress Disorder and the Role of a Paediatrician in the Adoption Process
Authors: Onyiriuka Alphonsus Ndidi
Published: January 2019

Child adoption represents a robust specialised child welfare service with the potential of meeting the needs and promoting the best interest of a child who have no permanent home or family to relate with. In addition, it provides succour for childless couples. Either way, there are socio-cultural challenges that need to be overcome. This paper reviews the objectives, types of adoption, circumstances in which adoption occurs, eligibility for adoption, and stress system biology/pathophysiology. Posttraumatic stress disorder in adopted children is discussed. The peculiarities and challenges of child adoption in Nigeria are highlighted. In addition, the role of a paediatrician in child adoption process is outlined. An extensive online search of the literature available in English was undertaken via electronic databases such as Nigerian Journals Online, African Journals Online, and Pubmed. Textbooks with chapters on child adoption as well as Newspapers with relevant articles on the subject were also consulted. Generally speaking, all adopted children have experienced some traumatic life event. Such an event, results in children’s brains initiating adaptive stressmediating neural systems. Basically, the paediatrician guides, advises, assists and supports all parties in the adoption triad.

Conclusion: The interest of each member of the adoption triad changes over time, making it necessary to design adoption process in a way that will provide protection and support for every triad member.
Comparative characteristic of the effect of anti-inflammatory therapy on the blood and urine levels of growth factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zub L. , Roborchuk S.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of our work was to compare the effect of aceclofenac and meloxicam on the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) and vascular endothelial growth factor in the blood and urine in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods. RA patients were allocated into three groups: I group included the patients with RA without CKD presence (n = 47), group II – patients with RA with CKD stage 1 (n = 46), group III – patients suffered from RA with CKD stage 2 (n = 45). To form the group of comparison 20 healthy persons of appropriate age category were examined. Complex clinical-laboratory examination of all patients was performed during the period of extensive clinical manifestations (before nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug (NAIP) administration), in a week and in 2 weeks during carrying out therapy with NAIP. Treatment was also carried out in accordance with the existing principles of therapy RA and of the revealed nephrologic diseases. In a complex of patients’ therapy aceclofenac was included. Influence of aceclofenac was compared with meloxicam. Concentrations of TGFβ1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the blood and urine were studied using an immunofermental method.

Results. In a week of anti-inflammatory therapy, a significantly decrease in the levels

of the studied factors was found in all patients’ groups. The blood VEGF level was lower by 11.90% in the aceclofenac group compared to the meloxicam group. Urine VEGF and TGFβ1 levels were decreased by 5.53% and 39.40%, respectively, in patients with aceclofenac therapy compared with the meloxicam group. After two weeks of the aceclofenac therapy a significant decrease of TGFβ1 and VEGF in the blood (p<0.05) and urine (p <0.001) of the CKD patients with RA were determined.

Conclusion. The use of aceclofenac as a new generation of NSAIDs for the complex

treatment of patients with RА and comorbid CKD improves the therapy efficiency due to reducing the blood and urine levels of growth factors.
World-sighted policy in the educational process of Ukraine of the 70's - the first half of the 80's of the twentieth century (Religious aspect).
Authors: Pkhydenko I. S.
Published: January 2019

The central place in the educational and educational process of society belongs to the school, which encompasses the overwhelming majority of the population at a young age. The school is one of the most important factors in the development of the personality. In it the process of systematic mastery of ideological knowledge is carried out.
Cult music of Ancient Rus
Authors: Gurska L. V.
Published: January 2019

Ancient Rus church music is one of the brightest pages of spiritual and artistic culture. It is included in the synthesis of arts along with construction, monumental and fresco painting, icon painting, fine plastics, applied art, literature.
Authors of Articles 74-75 of the magazine
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

Authors of Articles 74-75 of the magazine
MENAKAR SIFAT INVASIF SPESIES AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd.) DI HUTAN PENELITIAN DAN PENDIDIKAN BUKIT SOEHARTO
Authors: Sutedjo Sutedjo , Warsudi Warsudi
Published: January 2019

Akasia mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) bukan tumbuhan asli Kalimantan namun sejak puluhan tahun tumbuh berkembang pesat di berbagai wilayah Kalimantan termasuk Kalimantan Timur. Dikenal sebagai tumbuhan yang mampu tumbuh di lahan kritis sehingga pada awal tahun 1990-an dijadikan tanaman  reboisasi sekaligus pengendali alang-alang di wilayah kritis hutan penelitian dan pendidikan Universitas Mulawarman di Bukit Soeharto. Mengherankan, bahwa beberapa tahun taerkhir sebagian praktisi kehutanan dan reklamasi pascatambang merasa gamang menggunakan A. mangium, khawatir jika jenis tersebut akan benar benar menjadi spesies invasif.  Gejala untuk menolak bahkan menghindari  A. mangium sebagai komoditas kehutanan terutama sebagai jenis pengendali lahan kritis mulai meluas. Untuk mengetahui seberapa benar anggapan Acacia mangium sebagai jenis invasif maka dilakukan evaluasi dengan melakukan analisis vegetasi terhadap 3 ha tegakan hutan A. mangium yang ditanam di Bukit Soeharto sebagai uji petik yang saat sekarang telah berumur sekitar 25 tahun. Hasil evaluasi membuktikan bahwa jumlah tanaman per ha (kerapatan) pohon A. mangium menurun (kurang dari jumlah saat ditanam atau sekitar 800 individu/ha). Jumlah yang menurun itupun cenderung mengelompok. Sebagian pohon bahkan ditemukan dalam kondisi mati generasi (standing dead trees). Sementara itu jumlah spesies pohon setempat (local trees species) juga mulai muncul di antara tegakan A.mangium. Dengan demikian terbukti  bahwa A. mngium bukanlah tipe invasif  yang sesungguhnya dan tidak ada alasan utuk menolak penggunaannya sebagai tanaman pengendali lahan kritis selama potensi ancaman terjadinya kebakaran lahan hutan dapat dicegah.
INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN BERKHASIAT OBAT YANG DIMANFAATKAN MASYARAKAT SUKU DAYAK LUNDAYEH
Authors: Diana Rita , Matius Paulus
Published: January 2019

Tumbuhan obat merupakan potensi sumberdaya hayati yang mempunyai prospek ekonomi tinggi dimasa depan. Obat-obatan yang ada di pasaran dunia sebagian besar bersumber dari alam dan hampir setengahnya berasal dari tumbuhan tropis. Pembukaan lahan secara besar-besaran, penambangan, kebakaran hutan dapat mengakibatkan hilangnya spesies tumbuhan yang berkhasiat obat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Suku Dayak Lundayeh, mengetahui bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan untuk obat dan mengetahui keberadaan tumbuhan obat pada beberapa areal lahan.Hasil penelitian menemukan90 jenis tumbuhan berkhasiat obat dimana 83,33% digunakan masyarakat Suku Dayak Lundayeh sebagai bahan obat tradisional dan 16,67% belum digunakan. Bagian dari tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan adalah Daun (34,4%), Akar (17,8%), Semua bagian tumbuhan (10%), Buah (10%), Kulit batang (8,9%), Rimpang (6,7%), Batang (6,7%), Getah (3,3%), Bunga (1,1%) dan Biji (1,1%). Habitat tumbuhan berkhasiat obat yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Suku Dayak Lundayeh terdiri dari Pekarangan (41,1%), Hutan belukar (27,8%), Bekas ladang (18,9%) dan Hutan kerangas (12,2%).
KARAKTERISTIK EKSTRAK DARI KULIT KAYU BAKAU DENGAN PELARUT YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Suhendry Suhendry , Rosamah Enih , Sukaton Edi
Published: January 2019

Tanin dari ekstrak tumbuhan memiliki beragam kegunaan, yang paling populer adalah sebagai bahan substitusi perekat dalam industri pengolahan kayu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak dari kulit kayu bakau dari jenis Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata dan Avicennia officinalis dan untuk menganalisa sifat-sifat taninnya secara fisik. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial acak lengkap 3 X 3 dengan 3 kali ulangan. Respon yang diukur adalah pengaruh jenis kayu dan bahan pemasaknya terhadap kadar padat dan rendemen. Pengujian viskositas dan waktu gelatinasi hanya dicari nilai rataannya dan dibahas secara deskriptif analitik.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kayu dan bahan pemasak memberikan pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap kadar padat dan rendemen,  dimana untuk kadar padat tertinggi diperoleh pada jenis kayu A. officinalis dengan bahan pemasak Na2CO3 1% sebesar 7,866 %. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh  pada jenis kayu R. apiculata dengan bahan pemasak Na2CO3 1% sebesar 31,003%. Waktu gelatinasi tercepat diperoleh pada jenis kayu R. apiculata dengan bahan pemasak Na2CO3 1% pada taraf konsentrasi formaldehid 15%. Viskositas tertinggi diperoleh pada jenis kayu R. apiculata dengan bahan pemasak Na2CO3 1%.
ANALISIS TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI PADA KAWASAN REKLAMASI TAMBANG BATU BARA PT JEMBAYAN MUARABARA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Sarminah Sri , Kristianto Dian , Syafrudin Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Penambangan batubara yang menggunakan teknik penambangan secara terbuka seperti yang dilakukan oleh PT Jembayan Muarabara Kalimantan Timur memiliki banyak dampak negatif,  yaitu berubahnya kondisi suatu lingkungan dengan penurunan produktivitas tanah, pemadatan tanah, terjadinya erosi dan sedimentasi, serta terjadinya gerakan tanah atau longsoran. Untuk menanggulangi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari model penambangan terbuka ini dilakukan kegiatan reklamasi dan rehabilitasi lahan bekas tambang untuk memperbaiki kondisi areal yang terbuka tersebut.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Tingkat Bahaya Erosi (TBE) pada areal reklamasi pertambangan batubara PT Jembayan Muarabara.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga areal reklamasi yaitu areal Disposal, areal Stock Soil dan areal Revegetasi  PT Jembayan Muarabara Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian laju erosi  menggunakan metode tongkat (stick) meliputi beberapa tahapan yaitu pembuatan plot ukur erosi (PUE) berukuran 20 m × 20 m sebanyak 3 buah yaitu  PUE Stock Soil, PUE Disposal dan PUE Revegetasi. Pada setiap  PUE tersebut dibuat sub PUE berukuran 5 m × 5 m dan pada setiap ujung sub PUE dipasang tongkat erosi berbahan stainless, dan pengambilan sampel tanah untuk sifat fisik tanah.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju erosi potensial tertinggi terjadi di areal disposal aktif  yaitu  sebesar 2822,40 ton/ha/thn, kemudian di areal Stock soil sebesar 884,40 ton/ha/thn, sedangkan laju erosi terendah yaitu  499,12 ton/ha/thn terdapat di areal Revegetasi dan termasuk Tingkat Bahaya Erosi sangat berat.