bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of phased rotation, conformation and translation function: accurate protein model building with tripeptidic and tetrapeptidic fragments
Authors: Pavelčík František , Václavík Jiří
Published: August 2010

The automatic building of protein structures with tripeptidic and tetrapeptidic fragments was investigated. The oligopeptidic conformers were positioned in the electron-density map by a phased rotation, conformation and translation function and refined by a real-space refinement. The number of successfully located fragments lay within the interval 75–95% depending on the resolution and phase quality. The overlaps of partially located fragments were analyzed. The correctly positioned fragments were connected into chains. Chains formed in this way were extended directly into the electron density and a sequence was assigned. In the initial stage of the model building the number of located fragments was between 60% and 95%, but this number could be increased by several cycles of reciprocal-space refinement and automatic model rebuilding. A nearly complete structure can be obtained on the condition that the resolution is reasonable. Computer graphics will only be needed for a final check and small corrections.
Latin America: Looking North or South?: The United States and Latin America at Century's Turn
Authors: Lowenthal Abraham F.
Published: August 2010

This article is adapted from a longer essay prepared at the invitation of Politica Externa in Rio de Janeiro and draws on the Astor Lecture Dr. Lowenthal delivered at St. Anthony's College, Oxford.
Migration, Media, Modus Vivendi
Authors: Gardels Nathan
Published: August 2010

The world is all mixed up. From a Germany populated by Turks to a de‐ Zionizing Israel that cannot partition off pluralism any more than Bosnia, the idea of a purely ethnic or religious community has become untenable. Today, we all live in hybrid cultures.
Modus Vivendi: Liberalism for the Coming Ages
Authors: Gray John
Published: August 2010

Migration and the global media have mixed up all the old cultures into a hybrid brew. How will aging and shrinking societies that need immigrants to survive cope with this new culture? What political philosophy fits this new reality?
Civilizations Out of Sync
Authors: Gardels Nathan
Published: August 2010

Efforts by the Bush Administration to launch an international public relations campaign — under the guidance of the marketing guru behind the Uncle ben' rice advertisements — is a bit naive. “If the Muslim world only understood our good intentions, all would be ok,” seems to be the idea. And Hollywood has been enlisted to tell the world, “This is not a war against Muslims.”
P07 The poverty‐one of the reasons for chronic toxic contact dermatitis
Authors: Kuzmanovska Violeta , Petkovska M , Biserkoska‐Atanasovksa L
Published: August 2010

The aim of the work is to present the incidence and the main reasons for this illness at women who live in very bad and poor conditions, in town and in village.

Material and methods:  137 women were included, who were inspected during the time period of 8 months in 2003. A proper therapy was introduced‐per os and in loco, and all of them were controled for 14 days.

Results:  All together, 137 women were inspected and they were classified by their age, place of leaving and nationality. The detail anamnesis showed that 80% are housewifes who live in poverty and who are in contact with detergents everyday, becouse they do the dish‐washing and the laundry with hands, without any machines. The following therapies were applicated: corticosteroid and antihystaminic therapy per os and corticosteroid therapy in loco. After 14 days, a control look over was made, and they were given the preparation with vitamin A and lanolinum, for 14 days more. All of them were adviced to use protection gloves when they are in contact with detergents, especially for the laundry.

Conclusion:  One of the reasons for the appearance of chronic toxic contact dermatitis is the low standard of living when, becouse of the poverty, people can’t use machines and still in the 21th Century they wash the clothes and dishes with hands. The only help at this category of people is to give them advices for using protection gloves.
P14 Hydrolysed wheat protein: a new allergen in cosmetics and food
Authors: Pecquet Catherine , Bayrou O , Vigan M , Raison N , Lauriere M
Published: August 2010

For the pas few years, mainly because of mad cow disease, hydrolysed wheat proteins (HWP) have been used in cosmetics and food as emulsifiers and stabilizers in replacement of bovine collagen. We report here contact urticaria to cosmetics induced by these HWP in 7 patients of which 6 had food allergy to modified gluten and the results of their immunological testing. These cases were regrouped through the french network REVIDAL‐GERDA.

All 7 women developped contact urticaria immediatly after applying cosmetics (mainly facial cream), from different brands, containing HWP. Six of them had also anaphylactic reactions or urticaria after eating preserved foods or delicatessen which contained modified gluten. Neither had allergic reaction after eating broad or bread.

Skin tests were positive with the cosmetics, HWP contained in them and, in case of food allergy, modified gluten. They were negative with natural wheat flour. Despite that, specific IgE to wheat flour were positive in 2 cases. Specific IgE to gluten were positive in 3 patients.

Sera were also investigated for their specificity toward wheat proteins and various preparations of gluten. Individual variations of specificity were observed. All sera contained IgE reacting with both hydrolysed peptides and some native flour proteins.

It appears that, from the medical history, allergy to cosmetics preceeded food allergy. In view of these elements, may be the use of HWP in cosmetics should be questionned.
PCS.01 Risk assessment: a brief history for ACD
Authors: Steiling Winfried
Published: August 2010

Risk assessments of chemicals are key issues in our live.

Prior to industrialisation, risk assessments based on individual experience, for the allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) for instance, after contact with allergic plants affecting the skin exposed. Today, the risk to get an ADC becomes more and more important, because of increasing contact to new chemicals because of frequent contact with consumer products. Therefore sufficient test systems are required, appropriate to estimate the sensitisation potential of individual chemicals. To be able to predict weak sensitisers, adjuvants were simultaneously injected to test animals to booster their allergic reactions. One of the most well known test method, is the maximisation test in guinea pigs according to Magnusson and Kligman. Regulatory authorities have required this method for chemical classification, as well as for estimating the risk to get sensitised when dermaly exposed.

Beside the advantages of these guinea pig studies, the limitations became prominent not only in respect to ethical aspects, but also because of the lack to quantify the sensitisation potency of chemicals. To be able to perform accurate, realistic risk assessments, the knowledge of potency is becoming mandatory, especially when sensitive test methods are used. Based on the possibility to measure the biological response during induction of sensitisation, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) gets popular. Today, this test is officially accepted by regulators to give information on skin sensitisation potential. With the quantitative approach on potency, risk assessment of ACD will become much more reliable and useful for Men.
FS03.3 Bioimpedance revealing irritation by toothpastes in skin and mouth
Authors: Nicander Ingrid , Rantanen I , Söderling E , Ollmar S
Published: August 2010

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a SLS toothpaste formulation with and without betaine on skin and oral mucosa using electrical bioimpedance (IMP). Two groups, in total 47 participants, were recruited. In the skin group (27 participants) four test sites on the volar forearms were used: SLS paste, SLS + betaine paste, betaine paste, and one unoccluded control site. In the oral group (20 participants) the same toothpaste formulations were used. The test substances were applied in 12 mm Finn chambers for 24 hours at randomised test sites on the skin, and in 18 mm Finn chambers for 15 minutes on the oral mucosa. Visual examination and readings with IMP were taken before application and 24 hours after removal of the chambers for the skin, and for the oral mucosa before and 15 minutes after exposure. Information was extracted from the impedance spectra using four indices based on magnitude and phase at 2 frequencies, emphasising different aspects of the impedance properties of the tissues. The SLS‐containing pastes showed for both skin and oral mucosa some positive visual grade 1 reactions. Significant changes were found for the impedance indices, and the reaction patterns of the indices differed between the skin and the oral mucosa. We conclude that very slight reactions of skin and oral mucosa are detected by IMP. Furthermore, betaine containing toothpaste does not irritate neither skin nor oral mucosa, but the effect together with SLS is insignificant.
FS04.5 Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC) 0.2% is suggested for patch testing of patients with eczema possibly related to preservatives
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Geier J , Schnuch A , Aberer W , Uter W
Published: August 2010

Iodopropynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC)is a preservative that has been increasingly used for skin care products and cosmetics within the last years and the first cases of contact sensitization have meanwhile been reported. Therefore, a surveillance for IPBC contact allergy is now necessary. Our study was aimed to find out a suitable test concentration of IPBC for this purpose. The data 8106 patients tested by 23 centres of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK)in the time from May 2001 to July 2003 with IPBC in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5% were retrospectively evaluated. Criteria considered to determine the optimal test concentration of IPBC were the reaction index, the positivity ratio, the rate of crescendo reactions, and the relation of IPBC‐reactions with MOAHLFA‐indices, with irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate, and with positive reactions to the most common standard contact allergens and 4 other preservatives. For statistical evaluations the exact McNemar test was applied and odds ratios were calculated according to the profile likelihood method, as derived from logistic regression analyses. The rate of positive reactions to IPBC increased from 0.5% with IPBC 0.1% to 1.7% with IPBC 0.5%, but there was a problem with sensitivity or specificity with both of these 2 concentrations. Therefore, we focused on IPBC 0.2%(0.8% positive reactions) and IPBC 0.3%(1.3% positive reactions) for further detailed analyses. An evaluation of the related parameters revealed that with IPBC 0.2% as compared to IPBC 0.3% a higher percentage of crescendo reactions, a higher reaction index, a lower number of doubtful reactions, a plausible association of positive reactions with reactions to other preservatives, nd no association with a pronounced skin irritability was found. In conclusion, we recommend to start with IPBC 0.2% for patch testing of all persons with contact dermatitis that may be related to preservatives.
FS04.6 Dose/unit area and time – key factors influencing the elicitation capacity of MCI/MI
Authors: Zachariae Claus , Sørensen A , McNamee P , Grey J , Wooder M , Menné T
Published: August 2010

The objective of the study was to investigate, using the Repeated Open Application Test (ROAT), two key parameters of exposure – allergen concentration (dose/unit area) and time in terms of the elicitation capacity of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) in MCI/MI‐sensitised individuals and to explore the inter‐relationship between these two key factors. The study was designed as a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐response ROAT preceded by a Diagnostic Patch Test (DPT). 79 patients with a known MCI/M allergy were contacted, 29 were diagnostically patch tested and 25 had their allergy confirmed. 25 MCI/M‐allergic subjects and 10 healthy non‐allergic control subjects were challenged with 2 ppm of MCI/MI/unit area of skin for 4 weeks. After a wash out period of at least 4 weeks the subjects were challenged with 7.5 ppm of MCI/MI/unit area of skin for 4 weeks. A ROAT with 2 drops of solution twice a day was conducted on the volar aspect of the left and right forearms on a 3 × 3 cm area resulting in dose/unit area of MCI/MI of 0.025 mg/cm2 and 0.095 mg/cm2 for 2 ppm and 7,5 ppm MCI/MI respectively. The elicitation capacity of MCI/MI in MCI/MI sensitive patients is dependent on the exposure dose/unit area and time The results of this study will be a useful addition to the risk assessment information available for MCI/MI. The risk assessment for the use of MCI/MI in rinse off consumer products is unaffected by the results of this study.
FC01.2 Contact allergy to grease‐a case report
Authors: Svedman Cecilia , Isaksson M , Zimerson E , Bruze M
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  Contact allergy to grease is a rare cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis and therefore this case is presented. Thin layer chromatograms were used for patch‐testing and helped identify the contact sensitizer in the grease.

Methods:  Patch‐testing, thin layer chromatography and GC‐MS. Case report: A previously healthy man working in an industry where brakes for trains were produced presented in the clinic after having developed a rash in the face, on the neck, volar aspects of the arms and dorsum of the hands. The patient's work in part consisted of putting grease on metal parts. The patient was patch‐tested with our standard series, a MWF series and materials from work. He tested positively to the grease. A visit to the industry showed a much greater exposure to grease than was suspected. The investigation that followed was performed to identify the sensitizer in the grease. Thin layer chromatography was performed and the patient was tested with chromatograms.

Results:  The patient had positive reactions to several allergens in the series including rubber sensitizers of the PPD type and disperse orange 3. A positive reaction was obtained to a spot on the chromatogram of the grease and investigation by GC‐MS identified N‐phenyl‐1‐naphtylamine as the sensitizer.

Conclusions:  This case underlines the importance of patch testing with work materials and visiting the work environment. A rare case of contact allergy to grease was found and patch‐testing with thin layer chromatograms helped identify the allergen, N‐phenyl‐1‐naphtylamine. The identification of the allergen was made by GC‐MS.
FC02.1 A diene identified as a prohapten metabolised to epoxides in the skin
Authors: Nilsson Anna‐Malin , Luthman K , Nilsson JLG , Karlberg A‐T
Published: August 2010

To predict the sensitising capacity of a chemical, the only existing reliable method is testing in animals and alternative methods are requested. One approach is to use databases that predict the toxicity of novel compounds by comparing the chemical structure with data stored in the database. A chemical (hapten) must contain a chemically reactive site to be able to bind to skin macromolecules and a good predictor for sensitising capacity is the electrophilic character of the molecule.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitising capacity of 5‐isopropenyl‐2‐methyl‐1‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexene, a conjugated diene with no electrophilic positions or any other structural alert for skin sensitisation.

Methods:  5‐Isopropenyl‐2‐methyl‐1‐methylene‐2‐cyclohexene and two possible epoxide metabolites of the model compound were synthesised. Sensitisation and elicitation experiments were performed using the predictive guinea pig method FCAT. The diene system was analysed in the computer based knowledge system DEREK (Deductive Estimation of Risk from Existing Knowledge).

Results:  The model diene was found to be a potent contact allergen able to sensitise the control animals after only one dermal exposure. Both epoxides gave elicitation in the animals sensitised to the diene indicating that they are formed from the diene in the skin during induction. The diene system was considered as a non‐sensitiser in DEREK.

Conclusions:  This study demonstrates that conjugated dienes can be metabolised to strong contact allergens in the skin and that it is important to consider possible metabolic pathways when constructing predictive databases, otherwise potent prohaptens might be considered as harmless chemicals.
FC02.6 Metal allergy in Singapore
Authors: Goon Anthony Teik‐Jin , Goh C‐L
Published: August 2010

We will analyze incidence of allergy to nickel, cobalt, chromate and gold for 2001–3 and compare this with previous studies in the same centre (1992–92, 1986–90, 1984–85) to look for changing trends in metal allergy in Singapore. We have noted that the prevalence of nickel and chromate allergy in our centre is rising again.
S05.2 Advances in emollient therapy and superficial wound treatment
Authors: Steel Ian
Published: August 2010

Study objectives Two studies involving human volunteer subjects have been conducted. These studies compared the ability of several ultra‐pure medical grade lanolins (Medilan™ range, Croda Chemicals Europe Ltd.) and Petrolatum USP to reduce the signs and symptoms of dry, cracked hands (Study One) and to promote the healing of superficial wounds (Study Two). Methods Study One, a two‐week treatment period immediately followed by a 9‐day (no treatment) regression period, investigated the signs and symptoms (dryness/scaling, cracking and/or abrasions and pain/itch) of dry, cracked hands. Clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated separately and their severity scored at the time of observation. A retrospective global assessment of overall improvement from baseline was also recorded using digital 35 mm photographs. Study Two investigated the repair of de‐roofed cantharidin‐induced blisters. Wound sites were evaluated and ranked on a daily basis. High‐resolution photographs (20x) were also taken throughout the study prior to daily treatment. Results summary In Study One, at the end of the two‐week treatment period and the 9‐day regression period, hands treated with ultra‐pure medical grade lanolins were superior to hands treated with Petrolatum USP. In Study Two, and particularly at day 10, it was shown that wounds treated with one type of ultra high purity lanolin were unequivocally superior to those treated with Petrolatum USP. Conclusion Ultra‐pure medical grade lanolins have been shown to be superior to White Petrolatum USP in their ability to reduce the signs and symptoms of dry, cracked hands and to promote the healing of superficial wounds.
FS06.1 Contact allergy to oxidized fragrance terpenes.
Authors: Matura Mihály , Sköld M , Börje A , Frosch P , Goossens A , White I , Bruze M , Menné T , Andersen K , Karlberg A‐T
Published: August 2010

Terpenes are among the most widely used fragrances, found not only in fine fragrances but most often incorporated in domestic and occupational products. Terpenes oxidize easily at air‐exposure. Our previous studies have proved that limonene, linalool and caryophyllene are not allergenic in themselves but easily form allergenic products due to autoxidation. The aim of this study was to study the frequency and characteristics of allergic reactions in Europe to some oxidized fragrance terpenes.

Method:  Consecutive dermatitis patients in six European dermatological centers were patch tested with oxidized terpenes. Questionnaires, standard and additional fragrance patch test materials were used in the diagnosis of fragrance allergy.

Results:  Oxidized limonene was tested in 2411, while oxidized linalool, linalool hydroperoxide, oxidized caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and oxidized myrcene in additional 1511 patients. Of the patients tested 2.6% showed positive reaction to oxidized limonene, 1.3% to oxidized linalool, 0.5% to oxidized caryophyllene and 1 patient to oxidized myrcene. 1.1% of the patients reacted to linalool hydroperoxide, while testing with caryophyllene oxide resulted in few positive Results: 60% of the patients reacting to oxidized terpenes had fragrance related contact allergy and/or positive history for fragrance related dermatitis.

Conclusion:  Oxidized limonene and linalool are common allergens in dermatitis patients tested consecutively in Europe. Our results indicate that autoxidation of fragrance terpenes contributes to fragrance allergy to a great extent. This observation emphasises the need of testing with chemicals that patients actually come in contact with and not only ingredients that were originally applied in the commercial formulations.
FS07.4 Co‐operation between dermatologist and occupational health physician
Authors: Kruyswijk Metske , Jenner T , Kemna G , Hove B ten
Published: August 2010

The Dutch government has recently taken initiatives to improve the protection of labourers against diseases which are related to their work, and most especially, to reduce the rapidly increasing number of patients who have to definitely stop working and who, eventually, end up being dependent on social welfare. Firstly, a number of new laws have been adopted which define the responsibilities of both the employers and the employees. Secondly the cooperation is stimulated between the Dermatologist and the Occupational Health Physician of the patient. The latter is (according to law) employed by the employer of the patient and regularly visits the place of work. We now had the opportunity to treat and study both the social, medical and occupational aspects of a patient’s case simultaneously.

We decided to eliminate the existing hesitation of consulting or referring, as well as the barriers created by matters of procedure, bureaucracy and waiting lists. In our paper we discuss the above‐mentioned laws and regulations, and the way in which cooperation takes place between the doctors. We will present figures showing the effects of this approach on sickleave.
FS08.1 What kind of knowledge generates patients’ actions?– an empirical study in relation to allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Noiesen Eline , Agner T , Larsen K
Published: August 2010

During the last two decades the incidence of contact allergy to preservatives in consumer products has increased. It is of crucial importance for the prognosis that sensitised patients avoid contact with the allergens, and they are informed how to take precautions, e.g. by reading the descriptions of contents on consumer products. Discrepancy between ‘doctors orders’ and patients’ actions is often taken as an expressions of patients’ lack of knowledge. However, sociologically inspired studies show that differences in social experiences and in social life circumstances non‐consciously lead to socially different ways of coping with illness. This study investigates in a sociological perspective, how people handle contact allergy in everyday life and the social genesis of their actions. Interviews were carried out with 8 women selected according to medical and sociological criteria. The study indicates that patients with contact allergy comply with ‘doctors orders’ in different ways depending on patients’ resources, possibilities and social class. The study also indicates, that information given by health staff to a considerable extent is directed to patients from the higher social classes, who possess the ability to read the linguistic difficult names of the preservatives and to a lesser extend to patients from lower social classes, who do not possess this ability.
FS08.6 Persistent post‐occupational dermatitis: a case series
Authors: Nixon Rosemary , Sajjachareonpong P , Keegel T , Frowen K
Published: August 2010

Objectives: Persistent post‐occupational dermatitis (PPOD) was mentioned by Wall and Gebauer in 1991 to describe ongoing skin disease precipitated by occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). There has been little formal recognition or clarification of this condition.

Methods: Approximately 1600 records from our Occupational Dermatology Clinic were searched to identify likely cases. PPOD was difficult to diagnose as relatively few patients had been reviewed after initial assessment.

Results: A number of patients with reasonably clear histories of persistent occupational contact dermatitis were identified, which followed either irritant or allergic occupational contact dermatitis. These included a 57 yr old male who worked with photographic chemicals, a 51 yr old female food handler and a 25 yr old female food handler who were all diagnosed with irritant contact dermatitis and yet experienced persistent dermatitis even after avoiding the irritants that were associated with causing their dermatitis. A 51 yr old process worker allergic to acrylates, a 28 yr old laboratory worker allergic to rubber accelerators and coconut diethanolamide in her hand wash and a 48 yr old epoxy applicator allergic to epoxy resins experienced recurrent dermatitis for years after avoiding their causative allergens, although with gradual decrease in the frequency of outbreaks of dermatitis. Unfortunately, many patients experienced difficulties with workers’ compensation because the persistence of their dermatitis was thought by some medical examiners negate its work‐relatedness.

Conclusion: There needs to be greater recognition and understanding of PPOD. We are planning to follow‐up patients from our clinic to better study and define this condition.
FS09.2 Contact allergy to a commercial alcohol prep swab
Authors: Taylor James S , Erkek E , Leow Y‐H , Jacobsen D
Published: August 2010

Allergic contact dermatitis to prepackaged disposable alcohol prep swabs is infrequently reported. A 60‐year‐old woman developed repeated episodes of dermatitis at sites of injections and venipunctures. History and patch testing revealed contact allergy to Kendall Webcol alchol prep swabs. There were negative patch test results to isopropyl alcohol (IPA), but positive reactions to the Webcol swab, to the inner surface of the packaging foil, to two other brands of alcohol swabs, and to bacitracin. UV absorbance profile analysis revealed the presence of UV absorbing materials at peaks of 221 and 280 nm within commercial IPA samples, including one from Kendall, which were absent from reagent grade IPA. Reports of similar cases identified IPA, propylene oxide, or both as the allergens; when swab ingredients were negative, compound allergy was proposed. A recent report from Korea identified dodecyldiaminoethylglycine and IPA as the allergens in the commercial disinfectant swab. Although the exact allergen is undetermined in our case, it may represent a chemical compound or contaminant that is used or acquired during the manufacturing of the swabs or foils.
FS09.5 Patch testing with allopurinol and oxypurinol in drug eruptions
Authors: Vieira Ricardo , Gonçalo M , Figueiredo A
Published: August 2010

Background:  Drug eruptions as maculopapular rash, hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens‐Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis occur in about 2% of patients taking allopurinol. The allopurinol oxidation product – oxypurinol – seems to be responsible for these hypersensitivity reactions. Opposing what occurs during the study of drug eruptions induced by other drugs as carbamazepine or amoxiciline, patch testing with allopurinol is usually negative.

Objective:  To evaluate skin reactivity to allopurinol and oxypurinol by patch testing in patients with a previous history of drug eruption related with allopurinol.

Methods:  10 patients (6 females and 4 males) with drug eruptions induced by allopurinol with a high imputability index (6 hypersensitivity syndromes, 2 Stevens‐Johnson syndromes, 1 erythroderma and 1 toxic epidermal necrolysis) were patch tested with allopurinol in vaseline (10 and 20%) and with oxypurinol in vaseline (10 and 20%), acetone (10 and 20%) and alcohol (10 and 20%).

Results:  Patch tests with allopurinol and oxypurinol were invariably negative after 48 and 96 hours in all patients tested.

Conclusion:  Patch testing with oxypurinol as well as with allopurinol is usually negative and therefore is not helpful in the confirmation of these hypersensitivity reactions to allopurinol.
FS10.3 Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from drugs in pharmaceutical workers
Authors: Serra‐Baldrich Esther , Alomar A
Published: August 2010

Occupationally‐induced reactions to medicaments occur in two exposed groups. The group that we discuss consists of employees of pharmaceutical and chemical companies involved in the production of drugs. We describe some patients who developed allergic contact dermatitis to specific drugs. Two of them we related to occupational exposure to simvastatin and other to n‐acetyl‐cysteina. Also one to diphendiprone. The diagnosis of airborne contact dermatitis was confirmed by patch test in all cases. We will do a review in this aspect on occupational contact dermatitis to foccus attention on the increasing importance of this aspect in pharmaceutical workers.
FS10.6 10 years experience with the Allergen Bank
Authors: Ejner Andersen Klaus
Published: August 2010

The Allergen Bank supplies dermatologists on request with special contact allergens for aimed patch testing of suspected contact dermatitis patients. Easy access to patch test materials beyond the standard patch test series makes it possible for the dermatologists to make an early diagnosis of special cases of allergic contact dermatitis. The Allergen Bank was established in 1992, and the concept described in Acta Derm Venereol 1996; 76: 136–140. The Allergen Bank service is financed through an annual subscription fee, and about 60 Danish dermatologists are currently subscribers.The use of the service has increased steadily over the years. In average, the dermatologists order 6–7 allergens for each patient. The dermatologists use pattern of the bank service varies considerably, probably reflecting what they have available in their clinic of extra allergens beyond the standard series, as well as their patient selection and interest in contact dermatitis. Based on the test results reported back from the dermatologists to the Allergen Bank a total of 197 positive reactions from 107 different contact allergens were found in 2002. This is a yield of approximately 7% positive patch tests related to the number of allergens ordered. The pro's and con's of the Allergen Bank function will be reviewed.
FS12.4 An analytical method for p‐tert‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin
Authors: Zimerson Erik
Published: August 2010

p‐tert‐Butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin (PTBP‐F‐R) is frequently reported to give positive patch test reactions with uncertain clinical relevance. A possible explanation is deficient knowledge of the sources of exposure. An analytical method for PTBP‐F‐R could be used to investigate products in the patient’s environment. Most individual PTBP‐F‐R substance constitute less than 1% w/w of the resin contributing to analytical difficulties.

Objective:  To develop an analytical method for PTBP‐F‐R and to use it to investigate some patients’ products.

Methods:  10 identified PTBP‐F‐R substances in silylated form were used as reference substances in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis.

Results:  The recording of ion chromatograms for the 3 largest mass peaks in the MS for each reference substance was used to avoid interference of disturbing substances. Demonstration of a PTBP‐F‐R substance was defined as the simultaneous detection the 3 defined mass peaks at the expected retention time and with the same relative intensities as found with the corresponding reference substance. A minimum criterion for the demonstration of PTBP‐F‐R was the demonstration of 3 PTBP‐F‐R substances. PRBP‐F‐R was demonstrated in watchstraps, shoes, glues and ECG‐electrodes. p‐tert‐Butylcatechol, a PTBP‐F‐R substance but also an antioxidant, was demonstrated in: an ECG‐electrode, watchstraps, a prosthesis, a protective mask, a glue, an oil for bikes and in a nail polish.

Conclusion:  An analytical method for PTBP‐F‐R was developed, which when applied to products could show the presence of PTBP‐F‐R substances and PTBP‐F‐R in products and indicate contact of clinical relevance.
FC03.1 Experience from joint occupational health/dermatology clinics
Authors: Wing Wong Yat , Powell S
Published: August 2010

Background:  A monthly consultant led occupational health/dermatology clinic was started in 1999 providing rapid access to staff with suspected occupational skin disease including natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy and teaching for the occupational health staff.

Objectives:  To evaluate the characteristics and outcome of staff attending this clinic and to assess patient satisfaction.

Methods:  A retrospective case note survey was performed from staff attending the clinic from 1999 to 2002. A questionnaire was sent to them >3 months following consultation.

Results:  A total of 116 patients were identified (12 male, 104 female), and 85 (73%) were nurses. 77 (66%) patients were referred with hand eczema (HE). Of the 45 patients referred with adverse reactions or exacerbation of hand dermatitis following the use of latex gloves, only 4 had positive prick tests and were considered to have NRL allergy. Patients with significant HE or occupational exacerbation of HE were referred for patch testing (n = 36). Of the remainder, most could be discharged after a single visit. 49/95 (52%) questionnaires were returned, 34/45 (76%) patients found the consultation useful. As a separate study, the data recorded within the patch test clinic looking at health care workers (HCW) referred both from this clinic and from other sources was analysed. This showed relevant positive patch tests in 16/49 (33%) patients. In 55/99 (56%), an occupational cause was likely.

Conclusion:  Occupational skin disease in HCW is common, attendance at the clinic was beneficial and a single visit was sufficient in most cases.
FC03.6 Exposure of the hands to wet work in nurses
Authors: Jungbauer Frank , Lensen G , Coenraads PJ
Published: August 2010

Background/objectives:  Prevention of hand dermatitis among nurses can be achieved by reduction of wet work exposure. Kwodledge about the amout of wet work in nursing is import implementing hand dermatitis prevention plans. Wet work exposure in nursing can be assessed by questionnaire or observation.

Method:  Duration and frequency of wet work activities were assessed by a questionnaire in a population of 1471 nurses.In addition a randomly chosen sample of 53 nurses from this population was observed on duration and frequency of wet work during 112 different morning shifts.

Results:  questionnaire: wet work between 26 minutes (at a dialysis ward) and 100 minutes (in nursing homes). For frequency a range between 12 and 21 episodes of wet hands during morning shifts was reported. In nursing homes and regular wards gloves were reported to be used less than once during a shift.

Observation:  A duration of wet work of 10 minutes (dialysis ward), 28 minutes (regular ward) and 19 minutes (I.C.‐unit) and 45 minutes in a nursing home. Frequency: between 19 and 43 episodes of wet hands during morning shifts.

Conclusions:  A questionnaire does not accurately assess the quantity of wet activities; it overestimates the duration of wet work and underestimates the frequency of wet work. On regular wards the exposure to irritants is mainly associated with the frequency of wet hands instead of the duration of wet hands. On specialised care units skin exposure is mainly a matter of occlusion by gloves.
FC04.3 Allergy to phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols copolymer in nail varnishes
Authors: Le Coz Christophe J , Nassif A , Collet E
Published: August 2010

Introduction:  Nail varnishes are well‐known sensitizers, and the most frequent allergen is nowadays tosylamide/formaldehyde resin (TFR). We present 3 cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due an unusual ingredient.

Case reports:  The 1st patient presented with atopic dermatitis that progressively worsened, involving face and neck for several months. The 2nd patient had history of occupational allergy to glutaraldehyde, and presented with head and neck dermatitis. The 3rd patient had severe onycholysis and dermatitis of perionychium, face, neck and décolleté. European standard series was negative in all patients, as was TFR, (meth‐) acrylates and cosmetic series when tested. Patch tests with patient’s own varnish(es) were ++, and breakdown identified phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols copolymer (PTG) as the allergen (tested 1 to 5% pet.).

Discussion:  PTG results of condensation of phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, ethylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol monomers. It belongs to the copolymer class, and is used in confection of nail polish and enamels, like TFR or phthalic anhydride/glycerine/glycidyl decanoate copolymer. Our patients had long lasting dermatitis, common in ACD to nail varnishes. Sensitivity was proved by patch testing with patient’s own cosmetics. Allergic contact dermatitis to PTG seems to be rare, but has to be considered particularly in patients with negative standard patch tests. An alternative is the use of tosylamide/formaldehyde‐based nail polish.
FC04.4 Impact of exposure duration on the induction of contact allergy
Authors: Basketter David A , Gilmour N , Tonucci D
Published: August 2010

It has been demonstrated for a wide range of contact allergens that the degree to which sensitisation is induced is highly dependent on the dose per unit area of material applied to the skin. For a given skin area, the concentration of the contact allergen applied may be conveniently expressed as a percentage. However, although a number of other variables affecting induction have been examined, little attention has been paid to the impact of the duration of skin contact. For example, in the human repeated insult patch test the 9 inductions exposures may be applied for either 24h or for a combination of 48h and 72h, the latter ensuring continuous exposure during the 3 week induction period.

Under these latter conditions, it is known that the contact allergen p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitises quite efficiently; historical data with 1% PPD in petrolatum resulted in a sensitisation rate of 47/88 (54%). Applying the same dose per unit area, we examined the impact of reducing the exposure time to 9 × 5 minutes spaced over the same 3 week period. Under these conditions, PPD sensitised only 2/102 (2%) of subjects. The data suggest that one route to the limitation of the extent of contact allergy would be to limit the duration of skin exposure.
FC04.6 Characterisation of dendritic cell responses to ascaridol, an autoxidation product of tea tree oil
Authors: Holschbach Martin , Breuer S , Wilbers L , Merk HF , Neugebauer M , Hollender J , Blömeke B
Published: August 2010

A large number of monoterpenes and their degradation products are likely skin sensitizing agents (Hausen et al., 1999). Terpenes are very common e.g., as constituents of cosmetics, food and other daily used products.

We investigated responses to the endoperoxide 1,4‐epidioxy‐2‐p‐menthen (ascaridol), an autoxidation product of tea tree oil, using monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDC). Therefore, we isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 9 healthy donors by the standard Ficoll‐Paque gradient centrifugation.

Monocytes were isolated by adherence and incubated in media (RPMI 1640) containing GM‐CSF (800 units/ml), IL‐4 (1000 units/ml) and 10% autologous serum. The immature MDDC (day 6) were characterized by flow cytometry (CD1a+, CD14−, CD40, CD45, CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA‐DR and CCR‐7) and incubated with various concentrations of ascaridol (1–70 μg/ml). After one hour incubation time LPS was added (1 μg/ml) for 23 h. Cell culture supernatants were collected after 24 h for cytokine analysis.

IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70 and prostaglandin E2 were measured by ELISA, TNF‐alpha and IL‐2 were measured by flow cytometry (FACS). Methods of the quantification of steady state mRNA levels were established for IL‐12 and CCR7 (real‐time RT‐PCR). Ascaridol enhanced significantly IL‐12p70 production (120% up to 396%) by MDDC as well as mRNA levels for IL‐12 and CCR7. Moreover, we detected a distinct increase of TNF‐alpha (110% up to 146%) secretion, IL‐2 (135%) and PGE2 (102% up to 155%).

Totally, these results suggest that ascaridol may be a potent modulator of maturation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells, and we performing further experiments to verify this hypothesis.

This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
FS13.7 CXCL8: a potential novel marker in predicting contact sensitisers
Authors: Gibbs Susan , Toebak MJ , Pohlmann PR , Blomberg BME , Scheper RJ , Rustemeyer T , Bruynzeel DP
Published: August 2010

Cultured monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC) have been shown to provide a promising alternative for identifying potential sensitisers in vitro. Allergen induced moDC maturation results in elevated expression of the cell surface markers CD83 and CD86. Unfortunately, this increase in CD83 and CD86 expression is not sensitive enough to identify moderate and weak contact sensitisers. In this study, we investigated whether chemokine production by moDC is increased upon maturation and, ultimately, whether chemokine production can be used as a sensitive method to discriminate allergens from irritants.

Methods:  MoDC were exposed for 48 hours to allergens (NiSO4, CoCl2, PdCl2, CuSO4, CrCl3, K2Cr2O7, PPDA and DNCB) and irritants (SDS, DMSO, BCl2 and propan‐1‐ol). CD83 and CD86 expression was analysed by flow cytometric determination and chemokine production (CXCL8, CCL5, CCL17 and CCL20) was determined by ELISA.

Results:  Exposure to strong allergens caused up‐regulation of CD83 and CD86 expression whereas exposure to irritants did not. Remarkably, increased CXCL8 production by moDC was detected after allergen exposure whereas a decrease in CXCL8 production was observed after irritant exposure. CCL20 production was induced only by NiSO4. CCL5 and CCL17 production was increased upon exposure to both allergens and irritants.

Conclusion:  CXCL8 production by moDC can be used to distinguish allergens from irritants. This chemokine is a potentially novel marker for determining the sensitising capacity of a chemical in vitro. Furthermore, our results suggest an important role for CXCL8 in the sensitization phase of ACD.
P19 Allergic contact dermatitis to p‐phenylenediamine from a temporary tattoo in a 8‐year‐old boy
Authors: Santos Raquel , Santos P , Lamarão P
Published: August 2010

A 8 year old boy was seen in our department with a allergic contact dermatits to a temporary tattoo done at his arm 1 week before. It was the third temporary tattoo (called ‘henna’ tattoo) done over a 3 month period of school holidays. He was treated with topical corticosteroid and reobserved with an residual hypopigmentation. He was patch tested with our standard series with positive reaction to p‐phenylenediamine; later test with ‘henna’ powder was negative. Temporary ‘henna’ tattoos are very popular, specially during holidays. Several cases are reported in the literature of sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine, contained in the henna tincture, but few of these are pediatric cases. It is important to discouraged the use of these tattoos, due to the consequences that a sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine could have in their future.
P21 Is medical motivation a good motor to collect side effects of cosmetics? Results of REVIDAL GERDA from the 1st January of 2000 to the 31st December of 2002
Authors: Vigan Martine
Published: August 2010

Background:  Why are there few declarations of side effects to public vigilance? Are there really few cases? Is there a lack of motivation?

Motivation of revidal gerda is a medical motivation. Acceleration of knowledge by each about side effects. Amelioration of the tracking of side effects. Amelioration of management of patients

Aim:  to answer the question: is the medical motivation a good motor to collect the side effects of cosmetics?

Patients and methods:  REVIDAL GERDA

1/collects the declaration od S.E. of cosmetics which are sent by dermato‐allergologists who are astonished by these S.E

2/shows reception for each declaration

3/wake up the vigilance of all in the event of concordant declarations

3/inform each one of all the declarations 2 times per annum

The majority of the declared S.E. is allergic

1/evocative clinical history

2/and positive reaction with a mufactured product

3/or positive reaction with an allergen of the allergotheque and presence of this allergen in the list “ingredients” of manufactured product (s)

here is the analysis of declarations which was made from the 1st january of 2000 to the 31th december of 2002

Results:  42 dermato‐allergologists had declared 304 declarations for 398 products; 188 used for the face

58 used for the body, 38 used for hair, 31 used for legs, 30 parfums, 15 sunscreens, etc.

The declared pathology was: 12 immediate type, 281 delayed type, 10 other

For 6 products, the name alone did not make it possible to identify its use. 2 collective publications were made (many declarations about a new problem)

Conclusion:  There were many declarations. The number of product is much larger than what was published before:

The under declaration is certain to the public vigilance

The medical motivation is a good motor to obtain declarations

These declarations can be useful to help patients, to publish new problems and to program prospective studies
P27 “Two feet‐one hand syndrome” masquerading as occupational hand eczema
Authors: Meljanac Nada , Dickel H , Schwanitz HJ
Published: August 2010

Background:  Occupational hand eczema is mainly characterised by bilateral manifestation whereas one‐sided hand involvement is unusual.

Subject:  We report on a 38‐year old dental technician who presented with interdigital skin alterations of the left hand resistant to previous eczematous treatment. Main professional task was the production and processing of plaster or plastic dental models. While handling with dental models like smoothing by the left hand, usually this one was splashed with plaster. On clinical examination the patient showed additionally scaly lesions on the soles.

Results:  No sensitisation could be ascertained performing patch and prick tests. By normal IgE‐level, no specific antibodies against aeroallergens or occupational allergens such as isocyanates, formaldehyde or latex could be found. Mycological cultures of scaly lesions of the left hand and soles revealed an infection with Trichophyton rubrum. In accordance with the subjective perception, the starch‐iodine test showed the left hand more sweating. We diagnosed a “two feet‐one hand syndrome” and achieved healing after local antimycotical treatment.

Conclusions:  In case of one‐sided, suspicious work‐related skin alterations of the hands, a “two feet‐one hand syndrome”(i.e. bilateral plantar tinea in coexistence with a unilateral tinea manuum) should be considered as differential diagnosis. A common explanation for the fungal infection of one hand is the scratching of the already infected soles. However, within occupational fields little is published about the “two feet‐one hand syndrome.” An asymmetric increased palmar sweating and a one‐sided chronic professional burden of the hands are discussed as predisposing factors for the unilateral fungal infection.