bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The release of osteoclast-stimulating factors on supraphysiological loading by osteoprogenitors coincides with expression of genes associated with inflammation and cytoskeletal arrangement
Authors: Bratengeier Cornelia , Bakker Astrid D. , Liszka Aneta , Schilcher Jörg , Fahlgren Anna
Published: December 2022

Supraphysiological loading induced by unstable orthopedic implants initiates osteoclast formation, which results in bone degradation. We aimed to investigate which mechanosensitive cells in the peri-implant environment produce osteoclast-stimulating factors and how the production of these factors is stimulated by supraphysiological loading. The release of osteoclast-stimulating factors by different types of isolated bone marrow-derived hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells from six osteoarthritic patients was analyzed after one hour of supraphysiological loading (3.0 ± 0.2 Pa, 1 Hz) by adding their conditioned medium to osteoclast precursors. Monocytes produced factors that enhanced osteoclastogenesis by 1.6 ± 0.07-fold and mesenchymal stem cells by 1.4 ± 0.07-fold. Medium from osteoprogenitors and pre-osteoblasts enhanced osteoclastogenesis by 1.3 ± 0.09-fold and 1.4 ± 0.03-fold, respectively, where medium from four patients elicited a response and two did not. Next generation sequencing analysis of osteoprogenitors revealed that genes encoding for inflammation-related pathways and cytoskeletal rearrangements were regulated differently between responders and non-responders. Our data suggest that released osteoclast-stimulating soluble factors by progenitor cells in the bone marrow after supraphysiological loading may be related to cytoskeletal arrangement in an inflammatory environment. This connection could be relevant to better understand the aseptic loosening process of orthopedic implants.
Investigating interactions between types of order in categorization
Authors: Mezzadri Giulia , Reynaud-Bouret Patricia , Laloë Thomas , Mathy Fabien
Published: December 2022

This study simultaneously manipulates within-category (rule-based vs. similarity-based), between-category (blocked vs. interleaved), and across-blocks (constant vs. variable) orders to investigate how different types of presentation order interact with one another. With regard to within-category orders, stimuli were presented either in a “rule plus exceptions” fashion (in the rule-based order) or by maximizing the similarity between contiguous examples (in the similarity-based order). As for the between-category manipulation, categories were either blocked (in the blocked order) or alternated (in the interleaved order). Finally, the sequence of stimuli was either repeated (in the constant order) or varied (in the variable order) across blocks. This research offers a novel approach through both an individual and concurrent analysis of the studied factors, with the investigation of across-blocks manipulations being unprecedented. We found a significant interaction between within-category and across-blocks orders, as well as between between-category and across-blocks orders. In particular, the combination similarity-based + variable orders was the most detrimental, whereas the combination blocked + constant was the most beneficial. We also found a main effect of across-blocks manipulation, with faster learning in the constant order as compared to the variable one. With regard to the classification of novel stimuli, learners in the rule-based and interleaved orders showed generalization patterns that were more consistent with a specific rule-based strategy, as compared to learners in the similarity-based and blocked orders, respectively. This study shows that different types of order can interact in a subtle fashion and thus should not be considered in isolation.
Design, synthesis, in vitro, in silico, and SAR studies of flavone analogs towards anti-dengue activity
Authors: Patigo Apinya , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Cao Van , Paunrat Wattamon , Vijara Natthanan , Chokmahasarn Thamonwan , Maitarad Phornphimon , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Shigeta Yasuteru , Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn , Khotavivattana Tanatorn
Published: December 2022

Flavone has recently been proved as a promising scaffold for the development of a novel drug against dengue fever, one of the major health threats globally. However, the structure–activity relationship study of flavones on the anti-dengue activity remains mostly limited to the natural-occuring analogs. Herein, 27 flavone analogs were successfully synthesized, of which 5 analogs (5e, 5h, 5o, 5q, and 5r) were novel. In total, 33 analogs bearing a diverse range of substituents were evaluated for their efficacy against DENV2-infected LLC/MK2 cells. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups on ring B such as Br (5m) or NO2 (5n and 5q) enhanced the activity significantly. In particular, the tri-ester 5d and di-ester 5e exhibited low toxicity against normal cell, and exceptional DENV2 inhibition with the EC50 as low as 70 and 68 nM, respectively, which is over 300-fold more active compared to the original baicalein reference. The viral targets for these potent flavone analogs were predicted to be NS5 MTase and NS5 RdRp, as suggested by the likelihood ratios from the molecular docking study. The great binding interaction energy of 8-bromobaicalein (5f) confirms the anti-dengue activity at atomistic level. The physicochemical property of all the synthetic flavone analogs in this study were predicted to be within the acceptable range. Moreover, the QSAR model showed the strong correlation between the anti-dengue activity and the selected molecular descriptors. This study emphasizes the great potential of flavone as a core structure for further development as a novel anti-dengue agent in the future.
Evaluation of formaldehyde, particulate matters 2.5 and 10 emitted to a 3D printing workspace based on ventilation
Authors: Kim Taehun , Hong Dayeong , Moon Sojin , Kim Namkug
Published: December 2022

Recently, the development of 3D printing (3DP) technology and its application in various fields have improved our quality of life. However, hazardous materials that affect the human body, such as formaldehyde and particulate matter (PM), are emitted into the air during 3DP. This study measured the formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 emitted by 3DP with the ventilation operation using six materials in material extrusion (ME) and vat photopolymerization (VP) and compared them between the 3DP workspace and the control setting with test–retest validation by two researchers. The experiments were divided into four stages based on the 3DP and ventilation operation. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the mean differences and tendencies between the 3DP workspace and the control setting. The change as ventilation was switched from off to on was evaluated by calculating the area. The differences and tendencies were shown in the statistically significant differences from a post-hoc test (α = 0.0125) except for some cases. There was a significant difference in formaldehyde depending on the ventilation operation; however, only a minor difference in PM10, and PM2.5 was confirmed. The amount of formaldehyde exceeding the standard was measured in all materials during 3DP without ventilation. Therefore, it is recommended to operate ventilation systems.
A lower sleep regularity index (SRI) is associated with relapse in individuals with alcohol use disorder following inpatient treatment
Authors: Barb Jennifer J. , Brooks Alyssa T. , Kazmi Narjis , Yang Li , Chakravorty Subhajit , Wallen Gwenyth R.
Published: December 2022

The sleep regularity index (SRI) is used to measure an individual’s sleep/wake consistency over time. The SRI has been associated with certain health risks; to date, research investigating the relationship between the SRI and relapse in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is lacking. The aim of this work was to evaluate the SRI and relapse in individuals with AUD following inpatient treatment. Individuals with AUD (n = 77, mean age = 49.5 ± 10.86) were assessed for 28-days following discharge from an inpatient treatment program. Logistic regression was applied to examine the impact of SRI on relapse as the outcome variable of interest. Sleep quality was lower in individuals who relapsed compared to those who did not. Moreover, SRI scores were significantly worse in those who relapsed compared to those who did not. Over the entire patient cohort, lower weekly SRI scores were significantly correlated with longer weekly nap duration. Logistic regression model results indicated that the overall SRI was a significant predictor of relapse. The SRI represents a relevant aspect of sleep health and should be considered when assessing an individual’s sleeping patterns. Behavior based interventions related to the importance of individualized consistency in sleep and wake patterns may be particularly important for treatment seeking individuals with AUD not only during inpatient treatment, but also once these individuals have transitioned into their outpatient phase of recovery. These findings support the notion of SRI as a separate facet of sleep health worth investigating in at-risk, disease specific groups.
Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds
Authors: Igwegbe Chinenye Adaobi , Ovuoraye Prosper Eguono , Białowiec Andrzej , Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R. , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi
Published: December 2022

Aquaculture effluent treatment is essential to eliminate the undesirable characteristics of water to ensure cleaner production and environmental sustainability. In an effort to develop green coagulant without compromising cost, this research investigated the feasibility of aquaculture effluent (AQEF) pollutant removal usingPicralima nitidaseeds extract (PNSC) and its bio-coagulation/adsorption kinetic characteristics with the substrate in water. The coagulative decrease was observed in terms of TD (turbidity), TSS (total suspended solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and COLR (color) from AQEF. The active coagulant was extracted from the seeds and analyzed for its spectral and morphological characteristics through FTIR and SEM. The influence of PNSC dosage (0.10–0.50 g L−1), pH (2–10), settling time (0–60 min), and temperature (303–323 K) on the removal of contaminants were surveyed. The process kinetics of coagulation–flocculation were also explored. Maximal TD reduction of 90.35%, COD (82.11%), BOD (82.38%); TSS (88.84%), and COLR (65.77%) at 0.2 g PNSC L−1, pH 4, and 303 K was achieved. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests proved that pH, temperature, and settling time had a significant effect on pollutant removal. Results fitted Von Smoluchowski’s perikinetics theory at the optimum conditions, which gave R2 > 0.900. At perikinetics circumstances, the Kb (reaction rate) and $${t}_{f\frac{1}{2}}$$tf12 (half-life) correspond to 0.0635 Lg−1 min−1 and 1.9 min. More so, sorption results fitted the Lagergren over the Ho model. Additionally, the net cost of using PNSC to handle 1 L of AQEF (including electricity, material, and labor costs) was evaluated to be €4.81. Overall, the PNSC appears reliable and useful in pretreating AQEF for improved biodegradability and superior effluent quality.
Dynamics of rumen microbiome in sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) from unique subtropical ecosystem in Yakushima Island, Japan
Authors: Eto Misaki , Yahara Tetsukazu , Kuroiwa Arika , Shioya Katsunori , Flores Gilberto E. , Hamamura Natsuko
Published: December 2022

Yaku sika deer (Cervus nippon yakushimae) are endemic to Yakushima Island, whose landscape covered with primary evergreen forest is recognized as a World Heritage Site. In this study, the rumen bacterial microbiota (RBM) of wild Yaku sika was characterized using high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes combined with targeted cultivation and functional analyses. Comparative analyses of RBM datasets from other ruminant animals revealed distinct community structure among domesticated and wild ruminants. Wild Yaku sika RBM exhibited higher species richness than other sika deer (i.e. wild Ezo sika and domesticated sika deer), likely reflecting their dietary variations associated with unique ecosystem in the island. The Yaku sika RBM of high deer population density samples exhibited higher diversity and contained higher proportion of Firmicutes than those of lower density samples. Moreover, the highest abundance of tannase gene were observed in individuals from the highest population density area, consistent with the previous observation that Yaku sika in the high density areas expanded their feed to include tannin-rich unpalatable plants. This study indicated that RBM of unique wild Yaku sika contribute to the flexibility of dietary shift and thus maintaining nutritional status of Yaku sika under high density conditions.
Prognostic implications of unrecognized myocardial infarction before elective percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Nogami Kai , Hoshino Masahiro , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Misawa Toru , Hada Masahiro , Yamaguchi Masao , Nagamine Tatsuhiro , Teng Yun , Ueno Hiroki , Matsuda Kazuki , Sayama Kodai , Kakuta Tsunekazu
Published: December 2022

Unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) is associated with adverse outcomes. This prospective, single-center study elucidated the prevalence and prognostic significance of UMI before elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (DE-CMR). We enrolled 236 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent DE-CMR before elective PCI. The prevalence of UMI and the association of clinical and CMR-derived variables with major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, and unplanned late revascularization, were assessed. Final analysis revealed that 63/213 (29.6%) patients had UMI. Target territory UMI was observed in 38 patients (17.8% of the total cohort, 60.3% of patients with UMI). UMI was significantly associated with sex, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular ejection fraction, SYNTAX score, and fractional flow reserve in the target vessels. During follow-up (median, 23 months), MACE occurred in 17 (27.0%) patients with UMI and 17 (11.3%) without UMI (P = 0.001). Multivariable modeling revealed that UMI (hazard ratio: 2.18, 95%CI, 1.10–4.33, P = 0.001) was an independent predictor of MACE. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the presence of UMI was significantly associated with a higher incidence of MACE. UMI was independently associated with a greater risk of MACE after successful PCI.
syn-Elimination of glutamylated threonine in lanthipeptide biosynthesis
Authors: Sarksian Raymond , Zhu Lingyang , van der Donk Wilfred A.
Published: December 2022

Formation of (E)-dehydrobutyrine during lanthipeptide biosynthesis.
Benchmarking the quadrupolar coupling tensor for chlorine to probe weak-bonding interactions
Authors: Dohmen Robin , Fedosov Denis , Obenchain Daniel A.
Published: December 2022

Rotational spectroscopy relies on quantum chemical calculations to interpret hyperfine splitting.
Two-dimensional Janus Si dichalcogenides: a first-principles study
Authors: Guo San-Dong , Feng Xu-Kun , Zhu Yu-Tong , Wang Guangzhao , Yang Shengyuan A.
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional Janus Si dichalcogenides have very large in-plane piezoelectric response.
Mechanically controllable conductance in carbon nanotube based nanowires
Authors: Chang Yi , Zhang Guang-Ping , Xing En-Fei , Wang Chuan-Kui , Chen Gang , Song Yang
Published: December 2022

Mechanically controllable conductance in carbon nanotube based nanowires.
Vacancy-fused multiple layers of copper sulfoselenide superstructures: a propitious HER electrocatalyst in acidic medium
Authors: Kumaravel Sangeetha , Kumar Dhirendra , Sam Sankar Selvasundarasekar , Karmakar Arun , Madhu Ragunath , Bera Krishnendu , Dhandapani Hariharan N. , Nagappan Sreenivasan , Chakraborty Sudip , Kundu Subrata
Published: December 2022

A wet-chemically prepared ‘CuS–Se@Cu foam’ has been studied for acidic HER (η100 = 309 mV). The presence of oxygen vacancies and multiple layers induced maximum intercalation of electrolytes and supported a low ΔGH*value of −0.36 eV for HER.
N-, P-, and O-doped porous carbon as advanced trifunctional metal-free electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Chen Lulu , Hou Liqiang , Liu Xien
Published: December 2022

Tridoped cross-linked 3D porous carbon materials as advanced trifunctional metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR, OER and HER.
Enhanced sorption in an indium-acetylenedicarboxylate metal–organic framework with unexpected chains of cis-μ-OH-connected {InO6} octahedra
Authors: Woschko Dennis , Yilmaz Süheyla , Jansen Christian , Spieß Alex , Oestreich Robert , Matemb Ma Ntep Tobie J. , Janiak Christoph
Published: December 2022

The linear acetylenedicarboxylate linker forms the first MOF with chains of unexpected cis-μ-OH-connected {InO6} octahedra, as a chiral network.
Pre-zeolite framework super-MIEC anodes for high-rate lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Shitong , Zhao Lijiang , Dong Yanhao , Zhu He , Yang Yang , Xu Haowei , Wang Baoming , Yuan Yakun , Ren Yang , Huang Xiaojing , Quan Wei , Li Yutong , Huang Yimeng , Settens Charles M. , He Qi , Sun Yongwen , Wang Hua , Xiao Zunqiu , Liu Wenjun , Xiao Xianghui , Fu Riqiang , Li Qiang , Chu Yong S. , Zhang Zhongtai , Liu Qi , Minor Andrew M. , Zhang Junying , Tang Zilong , Li Ju
Published: December 2022

New physical insights and a robust approach are provided to develop super-MIEC anodes for high-rate batteries, which would bridge two materials families—nanoporous framework materials and conductive oxides.
Towards greener and sustainable ionic liquids using naturally occurring and nature-inspired pyridinium structures
Authors: Suk Morten , Kümmerer Klaus
Published: December 2022

The use of naturally occurring and nature-inspired pyridinium molecules can make an important contribution to greener and more sustainable ionic liquids.
Enhanced electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol via enriched intermediates at high CO2 pressures
Authors: Qiu Rongxing , Jia Jun , Peng Li , Li Ruiqing , Yan Sen , Li Jiaran , Zhang Jie , Sun Daniel T. , Lan Zhipeng , Xue Tianwei , Xu Guangkuo , Cui Linxiao , Lv Zeyu , Li Cheng , Hong Yanzhen , Guo Yuzheng , Ren Bin , Yang Shuliang , Li Jun , Han Buxing
Published: December 2022

The primary C2+ product of the CO2RR on the HS-Cu catalyst could be switched from gaseous ethylene to liquid ethanol by directly elevating the CO2 pressure with FEethanol as high as 36.6% at 100 bar CO2 pressure.
Progress in reaction mechanisms and catalyst development of ceria-based catalysts for low-temperature CO2methanation
Authors: Xie Yu , Wen Junjie , Li Zonglin , Chen Jianjun , Zhang Qiulin , Ning Ping , Chen Yaoqiang , Hao Jiming
Published: December 2022

We present a detailed review on the mechanistic understanding and catalyst development of CeO2-based CO2methanation catalysts. Current challenges for deeper investigations and future perspectives are presented as well.
Effect of matrix temperature on the LIBS signal of Au
Authors: Zou Qi , Li Chao , Ding Zhengjiang , Bao Zhongyi , Zhang Tao , Zhang Qibin , Zhang Liangliang , Bi Yunfeng
Published: December 2022

Significant increases in signal intensity, signal quality, ablation and plasma electron density were observed for the gold element as the sample temperature increased, but the plasma temperature decreased.
Correction: Thiamine analogues as inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase and discovery of a thiamine analogue with non-thiamine related antiplasmodial activity
Authors: Chan Alex H. Y. , Fathoni Imam , Ho Terence C. S. , Saliba Kevin J. , Leeper Finian J.
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Thiamine analogues as inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase and discovery of a thiamine analogue with non-thiamine related antiplasmodial activity’ by Alex H. Y. Chan et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2022, 13, 817–821, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MD00085G.
One-step hydrothermal preparation of bilayer films of NiCo LDH/Pt loaded on nickel foam surface for HER catalytic activity
Authors: Qian Qingyi , Yu Guomin , Zhao Qiuping , Zhang Xingkai
Published: December 2022

The effective coupling of NiCo LDH and Pt leads to a reduction in charge transfer resistance and an enhancement in the reaction kinetics. Meanwhile, the interfacial synergistic effect of NiCo LDH and Pt nanospheres is beneficial to promoting the HER.
1D CdS modified 3D zinc cobalt oxide heterojunctions boost solar-driven photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Xu Jing , Wu Jiandong , Liu Zhenlu , Xu Shengming
Published: December 2022

In the process of photocatalysis, semiconductor materials generate photogenerated electrons and photogenerated holes when excited by sunlight, so as to participate in the process of photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen.
Phenylboronic acid conjugated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coated Ag dendrite for electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensing
Authors: Li Lijuan , Hai Wenfeng , Chen Zhiran , Liu Yang , Liu Yushuang , Liu Zhelin , Liu Jinghai
Published: December 2022

The fern leaf-like surface topography of poly(EDOT-PBA)/Ag/Cu/GCE increases the specific surface area of the sensor, thereby enhancing the glucose sensing performance.
A high-performance Pt-based catalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction: effect of electrodeposition mode and cocatalyst on electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Kamyabi Mohammad Ali , Jadali Salma , Sharifi Khangheshlaghi Leila , Hashemi Heris Mir Karim
Published: December 2022

The influence of supporting material, cocatalyst, and electrodeposition mode on MOR activity.
Nickel molecular catalyst grafted graphene quantum dots on porous NiO as a photocathode for H2evolution under visible light
Authors: Su Wenbo , Zhu Yue , Su Xin , Huang Nanjun , Yin Xiaoshuang , Liu Ying , Yang Wenzhong , Chen Yun
Published: December 2022

A novel PEC was constructed using economic GQDs as a photocatalyst and a Ni-based complex [(tpy-CHN)2Ni]Cl2as a co-catalyst.
Ratiometric fluorescence sensing based on rare-earth upconversion nanoparticles for the rapid identification of antioxidant capacity
Authors: Li Shuwen , Wang Zhiguo , Chen Siyi , Gu Jialin , Ma Yanping , Jiang Jiangang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Dan , Wang Yiping , Wang He
Published: December 2022

Detection of total antioxidant capacity using the ratio between different fluorescence emissions under 980 nm excitation.
Prussian blue analogue in situ derived hierarchical flower-like ZnS/FeS2 Z-scheme heterojunction for boosted visible-light responsive photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B with synergistic peroxydisulfate activation
Authors: Tan Hancheng , Zhou Xiaolan , Zhu Haiyan , Gu Wenxiu
Published: December 2022

Flower-like ZnS/FeS2 coupled with peroxydisulfate can efficiently promote the separation of photogenerated carriers and thus show a superior photocatalytic performance.
Scalable synthesis of Ti3C2Tx–arginine and serine-functionalized carbon quantum dot microspheres for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Nan , Li Ruiyi , Xu Pengwu , Li Zaijun
Published: December 2022

The study reported a new strategy for the scalable synthesis of Ti3C2Tx–arginine and serine-functionalized carbon quantum dot microspheres for high performance supercapacitors.
Tunable emissive carbon polymer dots with solvatochromic behaviors for trace water detection and cell imaging
Authors: Fang Wen-Kai , Zhou Si-Hui , Liu Da , Liu Liu , Zhang Li-Ling , Xu Da-Di , Li Yu-Yao , Liu Meng-Han , Tang Hong-Wu
Published: December 2022

The solvatochromic behavior of CPDs in aprotic or protic solvents affected by hydrogen bonding (R = H, alkyl chain), which can be applied in trace water detection and multi-color imaging.
A novel strategy for the functionalization and design of 4-methylene-4H-pyran merocyaninesviaenamination and 1,8-conjugate addition
Authors: Obydennov Dmitrii L. , Simbirtseva Alena E. , Shirinkin Alexander S. , Kornev Mikhail Y. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Y.
Published: December 2022

A novel approach for the construction of a new class of pyran fluorophores has been developed based on enamination and subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the dimethylamino groupvia1,8-conjugate addition/elimination.
Synthesis of sustainable eugenol/hydroxyethylmethacrylate-based polymers with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Di Consiglio Micol , Sturabotti Elisa , Brugnoli Benedetta , Piozzi Antonella , Migneco Luisa Maria , Francolini Iolanda
Published: December 2022

Eugenol is a phenolic monoterpenoid, emplyed in this study to obtain bio-based antimicrobial and antioxidant methacrylate polymers.
Correction: Controlled evaporation-induced phase separation of droplets containing nanogels and salt molecules
Authors: Hu Yuandu
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Controlled evaporation-induced phase separation of droplets containing nanogels and salt molecules’ by Yuandu Hu et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 27977–27986, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA04585K.
Effects of Affix Type and Base Word Transparency on Students' Performance on Different Morphological Awareness Measures
Authors: Apel Kenn , Henbest Victoria S. , Petscher Yaacov
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

We examined whether affix type and base word transparency explained variation in third- through sixth-grade students' performance on a number of morphological awareness tasks.

Method:

Third- through sixth-grade students (
n
> 500 at each grade) completed morphological awareness tasks from the Morphological Awareness Test for Reading and Spelling, which represent the ways individuals may use their morphological awareness to support reading and spelling. Explanatory item response models were used to understand the role of affix type and base word transparency on students' performance on six morphological awareness tasks.

Results:

For all grades, 73%–83% of variance in students' performance was due to differences across individual items. Furthermore, when task effects, affix type, and base word transparency were included simultaneously in the model, affix type was not a significant predictor; there was a significant effect of base word transparency and task. Specifically, the probability of a correct response was greater on task items in which inflected or derived words were transparent with their base word (e.g.,
friend
>
friendly
) compared to items in which there was a shift in both the phonological and orthographic aspects of the base word (e.g.,
attend
>
attention
).

Conclusions:

These findings emphasize the importance of considering base word transparency when assessing students' morphological awareness skills with less emphasis on affix type, at least for third- through sixth-grade students. Our results also point to the importance of administering a variety of morphological awareness tasks to fully capture an individual's morphological awareness skills. Collectively, researchers and practitioners should ensure assessment items on multiple measures of morphological awareness vary in their base word transparency to potentially capture a range of student performances.
Study on non‐uniformity and dynamic fracture characteristics of GIL tri‐post insulators considering Al2O3 sedimentation
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Songtao , Liang Hucheng , Hao Liucheng , Wang Yaxiang , Du Boxue
Published: December 2022

Tri‐post insulators in gas‐insulated transmission line (GIL) are usually fabricated with high mass fraction of micron aluminum oxide (Al2O3), which will unavoidably settle under the action of gravity during the preparation process and seriously affect the uniformity. A model of filler sedimentation in epoxy resin composite materials was proposed based on the particle size analysis and Stokes' Law. Some scaled tri‐post insulators were prepared and tested by slicing. It is determined that the position of density concentration is the lower side of the two lower posts and the upper interface between the insulator and the conductor. The density ranges from 2.144 to 2.346 g/cm3. The dynamic fracture simulation model of insulator was established and it is found that the insulator fracture occurs at the interface of upper post/insert under radial load, which is verified by experiments. By comparing the influence of sprue position on the density distribution, it is found that the uniformity of insulators is increased by 13.7% by forward pouring compared with reverse pouring. This research develops an accurate method for simulating the filler sedimentation and the fracture process in epoxy‐based insulators, which is helpful for the improvement of mechanical reliability of GIL.
Preimage attacks on reduced‐round Keccak hash functions by solving algebraic systems
Authors: Pei Junling , Chen Lusheng
Published: December 2022

In this paper, improved preimage attacks are presented on 3‐round Keccak‐256 and Keccak‐512 and 4‐round Keccak‐256 based on algebraic methods. The authors propose some new properties about the components of Keccak permutation, reconsider the existing preimage attacks, and further refine the linearisation processes of quadratic bits to lower the complexities. For 3‐round Keccak‐256 and Keccak‐512, priority is given to values with higher probability for quadratic bits, such that the guessing complexities decrease from slightly more than 265 and 2440 to 264.79 and 2424, respectively. For preimage attack on 4‐round Keccak‐256, some strategies of saving degrees of freedom are applied to solve Boolean multivariate quadratic systems and reduce the guessing complexity from 2196 to 2188.
A modified submodule of modular multilevel converter using active power decoupling method for reducing capacitor voltage ripple under low‐frequency operation
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Thang , Kim Ji‐Won , Park Jung‐Woo , Lee Jun‐Min , Park Byoung‐Gun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a modified submodule (MSM) method is proposed to reduce capacitor voltage fluctuation by integrating a bidirectional buck‐boost type active power decoupling (APD) circuit into each SM for the low‐frequency operation of a converter system. The capacitor voltage fluctuation of the proposed MSM‐MMC can be significantly reduced compared to conventional SMs with the same capacitance by transferring the low‐frequency ripple power components to the auxiliary energy storage capacitor, resulting in a lower voltage fluctuation of the main capacitor in the SM, which requires a lower total SM capacitance. Additionally, a closed‐loop controller is proposed to control the APD capacitor voltages by inheriting the advantages of the repetitive controller and proportional‐integral (PI) controller to enhance the performance of SM capacitor voltage ripple suppression. The method can improve the start‐up performance of medium voltage drives without injecting high‐frequency components, which can avoid the common‐mode voltage imposed on the AC side of the system. The operating principle, auxiliary capacitor voltage control, and capacitor voltage ripple suppression control of the proposed MSM‐MMC method are analyzed in detail. The feasibility of the proposed method has been confirmed by simulation results based on case studies using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and further verified with hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation (HILS) using the real‐time simulator OPAL‐RT platform.
Lieber Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: December 2022

wir sind auf dem Weg zur Rückkehr in die Normalität –
zumindest was die COVID19-Pandemie angeht. Es tut gut, dass zumindest eines der
großen Probleme dieser Zeit an Bedeutung verliert und hoffentlich nicht bald
wieder zurückkehrt. In diesen Tagen haben erste Bundesländer
beschlossen, die Quarantänepflicht nach Infektion aufzuheben. Und die
Kongressaktivitäten kehren in gewohnter Form zurück: zuerst der
ESPEN-Kongress Anfang Sep. 2022, dann die DGVS-Tagung Mitte Sep., danach der
UEG-Kongress Mitte Oktober, um nur einige Beispiele zu nennen. Das habe ich als sehr
belebend empfunden. Offensichtlich brauchen wir auf Dauer den zwischenmenschlichen
Austausch vor Ort auch in der „Scientific Community“. Nicht nur
COVID, auch die anderen großen Krisen dieser Zeit, Krieg und Energiemangel,
haben mit der Ernährung zu tun. In Zeiten des Mangels ist die
Mangelernährung ein besonderes Risiko; ausgewogene, gesunde und
bedarfsgerechte Ernährung sowie ein guter Ernährungszustand sind
dagegen protektive Elemente. Dazu möchten unsere Fachgesellschaft, die DGEM,
und unsere Zeitschrift, die „Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin“
beitragen.
Laparoskopische Ovariektomie bei einer Mutterkuh
Authors: Stahl Lydia , Froels Coco , Sickinger Marlene
Published: December 2022

Eine 13,25 Jahre alte Grauvieh-Mutterkuh wurde im Anschluss an eine Dystokie mit der Bitte um Kastration des Tieres an der Klinik für Wiederkäuer der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen vorgestellt. Die Kuh hatte bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits 10 lebende Kälber geboren und wurde im Herdenverband mit Bulle auf der Weide gehalten. Da der Besitzer keine weitere Nutzung der Kuh zur Zucht beabsichtigte, dennoch aber der Wunsch zur weiteren Haltung des Tieres bestand, stellte er die Kuh an der Klinik vor. Die Vorstellung des Tieres erfolgte 6 Wochen nach der Kalbung mit Kalb bei Fuß. Das Kalb war von gutem Allgemeinbefinden, gutem Entwicklungs- und Ernährungszustand und wies keine klinischen Auffälligkeiten auf. Die Kuh zeigte sich sowohl in der allgemeinen als auch der speziellen gynäkologischen Untersuchung ohne besondere Befunde. Im Rahmen der transrektalen Untersuchung konnte der Uterus des Tieres unter der Hand versammelt werden und es lag keine Füllung des Organs vor. Der Uterus war schlaff und die Uteruswand wies keine Auffälligkeiten auf. Die Ovarien waren links 3×2x2 cm und rechts 3,5 × 2,5 × 2 cm groß. Es waren links keine Funktionsgebilde und rechts einzelne Follikel palpierbar. Die vaginoskopische Kontrolle ergab keine von der Norm abweichenden Befunde. Aufgrund der physiologischen Puerperalsituation wurde die Kastration der Kuh als laparoskopische Ovariektomie von der linken Flanke aus am stehenden Tier durchgeführt. Die Kuh wies in den Tagen nach der Operation ein ungestörtes Allgemeinbefinden sowie keinerlei Schmerzhaftigkeit bei der transrektalen Palpation der Amputationsstümpfe auf und konnte 2 Tage nach endoskopischer Kastration in den Heimatbestand entlassen werden. Anhand des hier vorgestellten Falles soll zum einen die Technik der Endoskopie-gestützten Ovariektomie demonstriert werden. Andererseits soll gezeigt werden, dass die Kastration von Kühen ein probates Mittel darstellt, Kühe, die nicht mehr für die Zucht genutzt werden sollen, weiterhin im Herdenverband halten zu können. Dies erscheint insbesondere für Mutterkuhhalter und Hobbyhalter von zunehmendem Interesse zu sein.
Individualized Homeopathic Medicines as Adjunctive Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Gupta Bharti , Misra Pankhuri , Karuppusamy Avaranjika , Balamurugan Dharshna , Parewa Maneet , Tomar Maneela , Rai Shruti , Vashishth Himani , Sadhukhan Satarupa , Singh Navin Kumar , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: December 2022

Introduction Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological diseases, contributes to 0.5% of the total disease burden. The burden is highest in sub-Saharan Africa, central Asia, central and Andean Latin America, and south-east Asia. Asian countries report an overall prevalence of 6/1,000 and that in India of 5.59/1,000. We examined whether individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) can produce a significantly different effect from placebos in treatment of pediatric epilepsy in the context of ongoing standard care (SC) using anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs).

Methods The study was a 6-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (n = 60) conducted at the pediatric outpatient department of a homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India. Patients were randomized to receive either IHMs plus SC (n = 30) or identical-looking placebos plus SC (n = 30). The primary outcome measure was the Hague Seizure Severity Scale (HASS); secondary outcomes were the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QOLCE-16) and the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL) questionnaires; all were measured at baseline and after the 3rd and 6th month of intervention. The intention-to-treat sample was analyzed to detect group differences and effect sizes.

Results Recruitment and retention rates were 65.2% and 91.7% respectively. Although improvements were greater in the IHMs group than with placebos, with small to medium effect sizes, the inter-group differences were statistically non-significant – for HASS (F
1, 58 = 0.000, p = 1.000, two-way repeated measures analysis of variance), QOLCE-16 (F
1, 58 = 1.428, p = 0.237), PedsQL (2–4 years) (F
1, 8 = 0.685, p = 0.432) and PedsQL (5–18 years) (F
1, 47 = 0.000, p = 0.995). Calcarea carbonica, Ignatia amara, Natrum muriaticum and Phosphorus were the most frequently prescribed medicines. No serious adverse events were reported from either of the two groups.

Conclusion Improvements in the outcome measures were statistically non-significantly greater in the IHMs group than in the placebos group, with small effect sizes. A different trial design and prescribing approach might work better in future trials.

Trial registration CTRI/2018/10/016027
“Black race”, “Schwarze Hautfarbe”, “Origine africaine”, or “Etnia nera”? The absent presence of race in European pharmaceutical regulation
Authors: Mulinari Shai , Bredström Anna
Published: December 2022

Current scholarship on race in Europe has described race as an “absent presence”. However, little is known about the dynamics of the absentness and presentness of race, including how various social processes operating at distinct levels (e.g. supranational and national) influence the uses of race and ethnicity concepts. We begin addressing this gap by examining racialised pharmaceutical regulation in the EU and its operationalisation in European countries. We analysed patterns of English-language uses of race and ethnicity terms at the EU level for all new drugs approved in 2014–2018, and systematically compared official translations into 24 languages. We found that “race” was promoted in plain sight and often retained when translated, albeit with much inconsistency across languages, creating peculiar patterns of presentness and absentness of race. Finnish, French, Swedish, and German stood out, as “race” was often translated into ethnicity terms, but even in those languages, “race” lingered despite claims that these countries vehemently opposed “race”. Our findings should inform scholarly and political debates about race, ethnicity, and medicine in Europe that tend to assume, incorrectly, an anti-racialist consensus. There are also policy implications, because prescribers may interpret regulator-approved information about race and ethnicity differently because of inconsistent translations.
Measurement of laser absorption in underdense plasmas using near-field imaging of the incident and transmitted beams
Authors: Katz J. , Turnbull D. , Ivancic S. T. , Milder A. L. , Froula D. H.
Published: December 2022

Measurements of laser absorption in high-temperature, underdense plasmas produced at the Omega Laser Facility are made using two near-field imaging detectors that diagnose the spatial profile and energy of the port P9 beam before and after it transmits through the plasma. The incident beam is sampled using a partial reflection from a full-aperture, (30 cm-diam) uncoated wedge pickoff located before the target chamber vacuum window and final focus lens assembly. A concave mirror reduces the reflected beam size, allowing it to be recorded directly using a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera. The P9 transmitted beam diagnostic (P9TBD) characterizes the transmitted light by terminating the expanded beam on a semi-transparent diffuser and imaging the illuminated surface using a lens and CCD camera. The P9TBD samples a numerical aperture twice as large as the input beam, allowing the energy of transmitted beams with moderate levels of beam spray to be measured accurately. Calibration shots with no plasma provide a path to infer absorption without absolute photometric calibration of either detector. The cross-calibration between the two detectors was measured to remain stable at ±200 ppm, enabling measurements of total beam absorption below 1% with ±0.07% error.
The pre-launch on-ground characterization of Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies (Ma_MISS) spectrometer for ExoMars rover mission: Spectral calibration
Authors: De Angelis S. , De Sanctis M. C. , Altieri F. , Ferrari M. , Ammannito E. , Novi S. , Dami M. , Barbis A. , Antonacci F. , Villa F. , Ruggiero F. , Fonte S. , Formisano M. , Tinivelli P. , Giardino M. , Mugnuolo R. , Pirrotta S.
Published: December 2022

The Ma_MISS spectrometer is integrated within the drilling system of the Rosalind Franklin ExoMars rover. This paper reports the on-ground calibration campaign performed on the spectrometer. Here, we focus on the spectral calibration of the instrument. The experimental setup used to carry out calibration is described, and the methods used for data processing and key parameters retrieval are explained. In particular, the spectral parameters such as (i) pixel central wavelengths, (ii) spectral response function, (iii) spectral resolution, (iv) sampling, and (v) range are determined. In a follow-up paper, the linearity and radiometric calibrations are described, while in De Sanctis et al. [Planet. Sci. J. 3, 142 (2022)], the validation of spectral measurements performed on synthetic and natural rock targets is presented.
Plasma sheath in the presence of surface-emitted negative ions
Authors: Din Alif
Published: December 2022

The need for negative hydrogen ion sources for heating in future fusion devices demands a full investigation of its production and interaction with plasma. To understand the interaction of emitted negative ions with plasma sheath, a one-dimensional collisionless kinetic model of a negative ion emitting electrode/grid in a low-density isotropic plasma is developed for conventional and the inverse sheath. The plasma electron and emitted negative ions are assumed to be half Maxwellian along with cold positive plasma ions for the conventional sheath and half Maxwellian for the inverse sheath. The influence of surface-produced negative ions, from floating and current-carrying electrode/grid, with varying temperatures on sheath structures, is analyzed for subcritical, critical, and supercritical emissions. The formation of potential well and inverse sheath is observed at high and very high emitted negative ion temperatures, respectively. The critical emission is observed at specific values of emitted negative ion temperature and number density, below which the solution does not exists. In critical and supercritical emission, the emitted negative ion number density remains low compared with plasma positive ions, but it is high in inverse sheath. The inverse sheath solutions for floating and current-carrying negative ion-emitting electrode/grid are also discussed, and a rough estimation between the experiment and this theory shows the existence of inverse sheath in currently existing negative ion sources, but for full understanding, we need further investigations.
Theory of thermal radiation from a nanoparticle array
Authors: Salihoglu Hakan , Li Zhuo , Shen Sheng
Published: December 2022

Thermal radiation has diffusive and broad emission characteristics. Controlling emission spectrum and direction is essential for various applications. Nanoparticle arrays, supporting collective lattice resonances, can be employed for controlling optical properties. However, thermal emission characteristics remain unexplored due to the lack of a theoretical model. Here, we develop an analytical model to predict thermal radiation from a nanoparticle array using fluctuation–dissipation theorem and lattice Green's functions. Our findings reveal that the periodicity and particle size of the particle array are main parameters to control both emission spectrum and direction. The derived simple expression for thermal emission enables insightful interpretation of physics. This model will lay a foundation for analytical derivation of thermal radiation from metasurfaces. Our study can be useful in engineering infrared thermal sources and radiative cooling applications.
Atomic-size dependence of the cohesive energy, bandgap, Young's modulus, and Raman frequency in different MA2Z4: A bond relaxation investigation
Authors: Liu Yonghui , Shao Chen , Yu Wei , Gui Qingzhong , Robertson John , Guo Yuzheng
Published: December 2022

Understanding the physical mechanism behind atomic-size dependence of the bandgap, phonon frequency, and mechanical strength in various monolayered MA2Z4 is of crucial importance for their electronic and photoelectronic applications. The density functional theory calculation results confirm that these physical quantities gradually decrease with the increasing periodicity of the atomic size (or radius) of the A or Z of MA2Z4. In order to clarify the common origin of the atomic-size dependence of these quantities, we establish these quantities as functions of bond length and bond energy by developing a bond relaxation theory approach. Theoretical reproduction of periodic trends confirms that bond expansion and energy weakening dominate their atomic-size dependence. The proposed approach is not only helpful to understand the physical origins of atomic-size dependence in different MA2Z4 monolayers but also can be extended to study the periodic trends of the related physical properties in other systems.
Cascade conditions in electron magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Kono Mitsuo , Pécseli Hans L.
Published: December 2022

The basic features of electron whistler waves can be described by electron magneto-hydrodynamics. In terms of this model, we discuss criteria and relevant parameter ranges for dual and forward cascades in electron whistler turbulence. It is an advantage to use the set of eigenfunctions for the “curl” operator in the analysis. It is demonstrated that three wavemodes with same helicity support a dual cascade as know also from spatially two dimensional turbulence, while modes with mixed helicities include the classical cascade of energy from long to shorter wavelengths. The analysis is based on the conservation of energy and magnetic helicity during the wave interactions. For stationary conditions in large closed systems, a detailed balance can be expected. It is, however, possible for large-scale self-organized structures to develop as transient phenomena. These can be found when solving initial value problem with a strong imbalance of positive and negative helicities. For plasmas in nature or laboratory, similar conditions can occur when the system has boundary conditions with preference for emission of oscillations with one sign of helicity.
A review of Girsanov reweighting and of square root approximation for building molecular Markov state models
Authors: Donati Luca , Weber Marcus , Keller Bettina G.
Published: December 2022

Dynamical reweighting methods permit to estimate kinetic observables of a stochastic process governed by a target potential Ṽ(x) from trajectories that have been generated at a different potential V(x). In this article, we present Girsanov reweighting and square root approximation: the first method reweights path probabilities exploiting the Girsanov theorem and can be applied to Markov state models to reweight transition probabilities; the second method was originally developed to discretize the Fokker–Planck operator into a transition rate matrix, but here we implement it into a reweighting scheme for transition rates. We begin by reviewing the theoretical background of the methods and then present two applications relevant to molecular dynamics, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.