bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New features in the anti‐Stokes and Stokes Raman spectra of single‐walled carbon nanotubes that are highly separated into their semiconducting and metallic nanotube components
Authors: Baibarac Mihaela , Baltog Ioan , Mihut Lucian , Lefrant Serge
Published: April 2014

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies were performed using nonresonant (514.5 nm) and resonant (676.4 nm) optical excitations on single‐walled carbon nanotubes thoroughly separated into semiconducting (pure 99%) and metallic (pure 98%) components. Regardless of the support (Au or Ag), the metallic nanotubes do not present an anomalous anti‐Stokes Raman emission. Regardless of whether an on‐resonant or off‐resonant optical excitation is used, only the semiconducting nanotubes produce an abnormal anti‐Stokes Raman emission that grows when increasing the excitation light intensity or temperature. The Raman studies under light polarized relative to the main nanotube axis demonstrate that only semiconducting nanotubes are sensitive toward changes in the polarization of the excitation light. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Micellar Propinquity on Dynamics of Ce(IV)‐Catalyzed BZ Oscillatory Reaction under Stirred Conditions
Authors: CHAT OYAIS AHMAD , NAJAR MUZAFFAR HUSSAIN , ASHRAF UZMA , JABEEN SURAYA , MASWAL MASRAT , SHAH RAIS AHMAD , MASRAT ROHI , DAR AIJAZ AHMAD
Published: April 2014

Oscillating reactions often employed to mimic and understand complex dynamics in biological systems are known to be affected in aggregated host environments. The dynamic evolution of the oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction upon addition of increasing amounts of anionic (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; SDBS), cationic (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB), nonionic (polyoxyethylene(20) cetyl ether; Brij58), and binary mixtures (CTAB + Brij58 and SDBS + Brij58) of surfactants was monitored using potentiometry at 25 and 35°C under stirred batch conditions. The experimental results reveal that the oscillatory parameters of the Ce(IV)‐catalyzed BZ reaction are significantly altered depending on the concentration and nature of restricted micellar host environments. In the presence of ionic surfactants, it is proposed that the evolution of the oscillatory BZ system may be due to atypical proficiency (related to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions) of such organized self‐assemblies to affect the reactivity by selectively confiscating some key reacting species. However, the response of the BZ system to nonionic Brij58 was attributed to the reaction among the alcoholic functional groups of the surfactant with some vital species of the BZ reaction. Moreover, the nonionic + ionic binary surfactant systems exhibited behaviors representative of both the constitutive single surfactant systems.
Discovery and Bioevaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidine Analogs as Competitive Hsp90 Inhibitors Through Shape‐Based Similarity Screening
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Li , Sun Hao‐Peng , Liu Fang , Jia Jian‐Min , Guo Xiao‐Ke , Pan Yang , Huang Hao‐Ze , Zhang Xiao‐Jin , You Qi‐Dong
Published: April 2014

Hsp90 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer has received great attention. Many Hsp90 inhibitors such as BIIB021 and CUDC‐305 have been in clinical. In this paper shape‐based similarity screening through ROCS overlays on the basis of CUDC‐305, BIIB021, PU‐H71 and PU‐3 were performed to discover HSP90 inhibitors. A set of 19 novel pyrazolopyrimidine analogues was identified and evaluated on enzyme level and cell‐based level as Hsp90 inhibitors. The compound HDI4‐04 with IC50 0.35 µM in the Hsp90 ATP hydrolysis assay exhibited potent cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis and Hsp70 luciferase reporter assay further confirmed that HDI4‐04 targeted the Hsp90 protein folding machinery. And according to the biological assay, the SAR was discussed and summarized, which will guide us for further optimization of these compounds.
The state of the art in positively guided rail transport systems for underground mining / Stand der Technik bei zwangsgeführten Transportbahnen für den untertägigen Bergbau
Authors: Becker Franz , Zell Manfred
Published: April 2014

This paper presents the state of the art in positively guided transport systems for underground mines and gives an outlook on some future developments that are just about to enter the testing phase. Diesel‐hydraulic self‐propelled drives with positive‐engagement power transmission are currently indispensable, especially in mines with steeper stretches to cope with, ever higher individual loads and high transport capacities. A prerequisite for exploiting the capacity of these transport systems is the online communication of all relevant information and its use for process optimisation. From this foundation, the future will see the increased use of intelligent control systems, which will contribute to a further increase in the safety and efficiency of underground transport.

Der Beitrag stellt den letzten Stand der Technik der zwangsgeführten Transportsysteme für untertägige Bergwerke vor und gibt einen Ausblick auf künftige Weiterentwicklungen, die unmittelbar vor der Erprobungsphase stehen. Dieselhydraulische Eigenantriebe mit formschlüssiger Kraftübertragung sind derzeit insbesondere in Bergwerken mit stärker geneigten Strecken zur Bewältigung immer höherer Einzellasten und hoher Transportkapazitäten unumgänglich. Voraussetzung für die Ausnutzung der Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Transportsysteme ist die online‐Datenübertragung aller relevanten Informationen und deren Verwendung zur Prozessoptimierung. Darauf aufbauend werden zukünftig intelligente Steuerungssysteme vermehrt eingesetzt, die zu einer weiteren Erhöhung der Sicherheit und Effizienz des untertägigen Transports beitragen.
Shenhua Group's carbon capture and storage (CCS) demonstration
Authors: Xiuzhang Wu
Published: April 2014

The Chinese government places great importance on the issues of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. On the eve of the 2009 Copenhagen conference, the government of China put forth a target of reducing CO2 emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40 to 45% compared to 2005. In the “Outline of the 12th Five‐Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China”, China stated its plan to “significantly reduce the intensity of energy consumption and the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions, effectively controlling greenhouse gas emissions”, which highlighted China's conviction and determination to combat climate change.

Shenhua Group is one of the largest coal‐based integrated energy suppliers in the world. In recent years, there have been significant improvements in the coal‐to‐liquids and coal‐to‐chemicals sector. These improvements have led the way for strategic energy security projects, such as domestically producing petroleum alternatives and developing clean coal technology in China and the world. While actively promoting petroleum alternatives and clean coal technologies, Shenhua Group is also paying close attention to major issues such as CO2 emissions and climate change, and is actively exploring the development of a coal‐based low‐carbon energy system for China. One major step in this development is the comprehensive (i.e., capture and storage) CCS project at its Ordos direct coal liquefaction facility.
Underground conveyor system between two coal mines in the Czech Republic / Untertägige Förderverbindung zwischen zwei Steinkohlebergwerken in Tschechien
Authors: Maron Thomas , Rausch Christian
Published: April 2014

In the last year HESE Maschinenfabrik installed a new belt conveying system in an underground roadway between two Czech coal mines. This report gives an overview on the project and its particularities and illustrates the advantages of TT intermediate drives.

Im vergangenen Jahr hat die HESE Maschinefabrik in einer untertägigen Verbindungsstrecke zwischen zwei tschechischen Steinkohlebergwerken ein neues Gurtbandsystem installiert. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über das Projekt und seine Besonderheiten und erläutert die Vorteile von Treib‐Traggurt‐(TT)‐Antrieben.
An adaptation of homotopy analysis method for reliable treatment of strongly nonlinear problems: construction of homotopy polynomials
Authors: Odibat Zaid , Sami Bataineh A.
Published: April 2014

In this paper, a new adaption of homotopy analysis method is presented to handle nonlinear problems. The proposed approach is capable of reducing the size of calculations and easily overcome the difficulty arising in calculating complicated integrals. Furthermore, the homotopy polynomials that decompose the nonlinear term of the problem as a series of polynomials are introduced. Then, an algorithm of calculating such polynomials, which makes the solution procedure more straightforward and more effective, is constructed. Numerical examples are examined to highlight the significant features of the developed techniques. The algorithms described in this paper are expected to be further employed to solve nonlinear problems in mathematical physics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐self‐adjoint Bessel and Sturm–Liouville boundary value problems in limit‐circle case
Authors: Allahverdiev Bilender P.
Published: April 2014

It is shown in the limit‐circle case that system of root functions of the non‐self‐adjoint maximal dissipative (accumulative) Bessel operator and its perturbation Sturm–Liouville operator form a complete system in the Hilbert space. Furthermore, asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues of the maximal dissipative (accumulative) Bessel operators is investigated, and it is proved that system of root functions form a basis (Riesz and Bari bases) in the same Hilbert space. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal physiology of nocturia
Authors: Verbalis Joseph G.
Published: April 2014

Renal function, diurnal fluctuations in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, sex, and advanced age affect urine formation and may contribute to nocturia. Renal effects of AVP are mediated by AVP V2 receptors in the kidney collecting duct. Changes in AVP concentration have the greatest relative effects on urine volume when AVP levels are low; therefore small changes can have a large effect on renal water excretion. AVP is the major regulator of water excretion by the kidneys, and AVP levels have been shown to affect nocturnal voiding. Results of several studies show that patients with nocturia had no significant variation in plasma AVP, whereas patients without nocturia had significant diurnal variation in plasma AVP. The V2 receptor gene is located on the X chromosome, which has important sex‐specific consequences. For example, mutations in the V2 gene can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, predominantly in men. Age‐related changes in water metabolism are associated with overall body composition, kidney, and brain. Older people generally experience decreased extracellular fluid and plasma volume, which leads to increased adverse consequences from net body water gain or loss. Renal function declines with age, and the ability to concentrate urine and conserve sodium is reduced in the elderly. Thirst perception is also decreased in the elderly, who, compared with younger people, tend to hypersecrete AVP in response to higher plasma osmolality, possibly resulting in hyponatremia. These aspects of renal physiology should be considered when antidiuretic drugs are prescribed for the treatment of nocturia. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:S6–S9, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Approximation algorithms for capacitated stochastic inventory systems with setup costs
Authors: Shi Cong , Zhang Huanan , Chao Xiuli , Levi Retsef
Published: April 2014

We develop the first approximation algorithm with worst‐case performance guarantee for capacitated stochastic periodic‐review inventory systems with setup costs. The structure of the optimal control policy for such systems is extremely complicated, and indeed, only some partial characterization is available. Thus, finding provably near‐optimal control policies has been an open challenge. In this article, we construct computationally efficient approximate optimal policies for these systems whose demands can be nonstationary and/or correlated over time, and show that these policies have a worst‐case performance guarantee of 4. We demonstrate through extensive numerical studies that the policies empirically perform well, and they are significantly better than the theoretical worst‐case guarantees. We also extend the analyses and results to the case with batch ordering constraints, where the order size has to be an integer multiple of a base load. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 304–319, 2014
Ultraviolet photodissociation enhances top‐down mass spectrometry as demonstrated on green fluorescent protein variants
Authors: Dang Xibei , Young Nicolas L.
Published: April 2014

Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) is a compelling fragmentation technique with great potential to enhance proteomics generally and top‐down MS specifically. In this issue, Cannon et al. (Proteomics 2014, 14, 1165–1173) use UVPD to perform top‐down MS on several sequence variants of green fluorescent protein and compare the results to CID, higher energy collision induced dissociation, and electron transfer dissociation. As compared to the other techniques UVPD produces a wider variety of fragment ion types that are relatively evenly distributed across the protein sequences. Overall, their results demonstrate enhanced sequence coverage and higher confidence in sequence assignment via UVPD MS. Based on these and other recent results UVPD is certain to become an increasingly widespread and valuable tool for top‐down proteomics.
Prevention methods for pest control and their use in Poland
Authors: Matyjaszczyk Ewa
Published: April 2014

Prevention methods can still be a cost‐effective and efficient tool for pest control. Rational use of prevention methods is a feasible way to reduce dependency on chemical protection in agriculture. Costs, workload and farmers' awareness are key issues, however. In Poland, crop rotation is used as a method for pest control only to a limited extent owing to the high share of cereals in the crop structure. The choice of resistant varieties is satisfactory, but farmers should make use of qualified seed material more often. Liming is recommended on the majority of farms on account of widespread soil acidity. Favourable aspects as regards the prevention of pest development are biodiversity and the popularity of prevention cultivation techniques. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Potent inhibitors of human matriptase‐1 based on the scaffold of sunflower trypsin inhibitor
Authors: Fittler Heiko , Avrutina Olga , Empting Martin , Kolmar Harald
Published: April 2014

Sunflower trypsin inhibitor‐1 (SFTI‐1), a bicyclic tetradecapeptide, has become a versatile tool as a scaffold for the development of the inhibitors of therapeutically relevant serine proteases, among them matriptase and kallikreins. Herein, we report the rational design of potent monocyclic and bicyclic inhibitors of human matriptase‐1. We found that the presence of positive charge and lack of bulky residues at the peptide N‐terminus is required for the maintenance of inhibitory activity. Replacement of the N‐terminal glycine residue by lysine allowed for the chemical conjugation with a fluorophor via the ε‐amino group without significant loss of inhibitory activity. Head‐to‐tail and side‐chain‐to‐tail cyclization resulted in potent inhibitors with comparable activities against matriptase‐1. The most potent synthetic bicyclic inhibitor found in this study (Ki = 2.6 nM at pH 7.6) is a truncated version of SFTI‐1 (cyclo‐KRCTKSIPPRCH) lacking a C‐terminal proline and aspartate residue. It combines an internal disulfide bond with a peptide macrocycle that is formed through side‐chain‐to‐tail cyclization of the ε‐amino group of an N‐terminal lysine and a C‐terminal proline. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plastic relaxation of mixed dislocation in axial nanowire heterostructures using Peach–Koehler approach
Authors: Ye Han , Yu Zhongyuan
Published: April 2014

In this Letter, the plastic relaxation introduced by typical 60° mixed dislocation in zinc‐blende axial nanowire (NW) heterostructures is evaluated by numerical Peach–Koehler approach which reflects the interaction between coherent strain field and misfit dislocation. Cylindrical NW epilayers grown on NW and bulk substrate are separately modeled. We reveal that straight 60° dislocation with Burgers vector (a /2) 〈101〉 would always generate at NW center orienting [111], while aspect ratio dependent off‐center equilibrium position should be expected for NW epilayer along [001]. Moreover, the critical diameters, below which coherency is maintained, are predicted based on energy balance criterion for axial NW heterostructures along predominating growth direction [111]. The results are compared with existing theory and experimental observations. Our work provides a necessary quantitative complement to the understanding of plastic relaxation and coherency limit in axial NW heteroepitaxy. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asiatic Acid Reduces Blood Pressure by Enhancing Nitric Oxide Bioavailability with Modulation of eNOS and p47phox Expression in l‐NAME‐induced Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Bunbupha Sarawoot , Pakdeechote Poungrat , Kukongviriyapan Upa , Prachaney Parichat , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol
Published: April 2014

We investigated the effect of asiatic acid (AA) on hemodynamic status, vascular function, oxidative stress markers, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit expression in Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l‐NAME)‐induced hypertensive rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats treated with l‐NAME (40 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 5 weeks showed significant increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hindlimb vascular resistance, vascular dysfunction, superoxide anion (O2•−) production, and plasma malondialdehyde. Moreover, NO metabolite (NOx) levels were reduced, aortic eNOS expression was downregulated, and NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox was upregulated in hypertensive rats (p < 0.05). Hypertensive rats that were administered AA (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) for the last 2 weeks of the study showed significant improvement in hemodynamic status and vascular function. The antihypertensive effects of AA were associated with elevated plasma NOx levels, together with upregulation of eNOS expression. Decreased vascular O2•− production, consistent with downregulation of p47phox expression, was also observed after AA treatment. Our results are therefore consistent with a model whereby AA reduces blood pressure by enhancing NO bioavailability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Water Level Fluctuations on Spawning Habitat of an Endangered Species, the Australian Lungfish (Neoceratodus Forsteri)
Authors: Marshall S. M. , Espinoza T. , Mcdougall A. J.
Published: April 2014

The Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri is an endangered native fish species currently protected under federal and international agreements. The impoundment of riverine habitats by water storages has substantially decreased the availability of dense beds of macrophyte (e.g. Vallisneria nana) in shallow water, the preferred spawning habitat of Australian lungfish. Storage management, such as storage drawdown and maintaining storages at specific levels, may impede establishment and development of dense macrophyte beds, although the effects of storage operation on macrophytes are poorly understood. Storage bathymetry and modelled stream data were used to examine the impact of water level changes (frequency and magnitude) on V. nana habitat within storages and associated riverine areas. Three storages located within the natural range of the Australian lungfish in the Burnett River (Ben Anderson Barrage, Ned Churchward Weir and Paradise Dam) were found to provide limited potential for V. nana habitat when at the full supply level. Furthermore, water storages within the distribution of Australian lungfish fluctuate by ±1 m more frequently in comparison to associated riverine environments. These frequent water level fluctuations challenge the establishment of dense macrophyte beds required for lungfish spawning. Since aquatic macrophytes and streamflow play an integral role in lungfish spawning, management of water storages should focus on releases to the downstream reaches. These releases should mimic natural flow and water temperature regimes to allow establishment and growth of V. nana beds in synchrony with the timing of Australian lungfish spawning. Riverine reaches downstream of storages have the greatest potential for restoration of macrophyte beds. © 2014 Queensland Government, Department of Natural Resources and Mines. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in female guppy preference for male olfactory and visual traits
Authors: Sato Aya , Ozawa Naoko , Karino Kenji
Published: April 2014

Animals often use different sensory systems to assess different sexually selected signals from potential mates. However, the relative importance of different signals on mate choice is not well understood in many animal species. In this study, we examined the relative importance of male olfactory and visual cues on female preference in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. We used digitally modified male images to standardize visual stimuli. We found that, regardless of whether females were presented without male visual stimuli or with identical male visual stimuli, they preferred stimuli with the odor of males to those without. However, when females were allowed to choose between dull male visual stimuli with male odor, and brightly colored male visual stimuli without male odor, there was no clear preference for either. Some females preferred the dull male visual stimuli with male odor, whereas some other females preferred the brightly colored male visual stimuli without male odor. These results indicate that the relative importance of olfactory and visual cues in female mate preference varied between individuals.
Testing the Economic Independence Hypothesis: The Effect of an Exogenous Increase in Child Support on Subsequent Marriage and Cohabitation
Authors: Cancian Maria , Meyer Daniel R.
Published: April 2014

We examine the effects of an increase in income on the cohabitation and marriage of single mothers. Using data from an experiment that resulted in randomly assigned differences in child support receipt for welfare-receiving single mothers, we find that exogenous income increases (as a result of receiving all child support that was paid) are associated with significantly lower cohabitation rates between mothers and men who are not the fathers of their child(ren). Overall, these results support the hypothesis that additional income increases disadvantaged women’s economic independence by reducing the need to be in the least stable type of partnerships. Our results also show the potential importance of distinguishing between biological and social fathers.
Social support, stress, health, and academic success in Ghanaian adolescents: A path analysis
Authors: Glozah Franklin N. , Pevalin David J.
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the role psychosocial factors play in promoting the health and academic success of adolescents. A total of 770 adolescent boys and girls in Senior High Schools were randomly selected to complete a self‐report questionnaire. School reported latest terminal examination grades were used as the measure of academic success. Structural equation modelling indicated a relatively good fit to the posteriori model with four of the hypothesised paths fully supported and two partially supported. Perceived social support was negatively related to stress and predictive of health and wellbeing but not academic success. Stress was predictive of health but not academic success. Finally, health and wellbeing was able to predict academic success. These findings have policy implications regarding efforts aimed at promoting the health and wellbeing as well as the academic success of adolescents in Ghana.
PLANE WAVE STABILITY OF THE SPLIT-STEP FOURIER METHOD FOR THE NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: FAOU ERWAN , GAUCKLER LUDWIG , LUBICH CHRISTIAN
Published: April 2014

Plane wave solutions to the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a torus have recently been shown to behave orbitally stable. Under generic perturbations of the initial data that are small in a high-order Sobolev norm, plane waves are stable over long times that extend to arbitrary negative powers of the smallness parameter. The present paper studies the question as to whether numerical discretizations by the split-step Fourier method inherit such a generic long-time stability property. This can indeed be shown under a condition of linear stability and a nonresonance condition. They can both be verified in the case of a spatially constant plane wave if the time step-size is restricted by a Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition (CFL condition). The proof first uses a Hamiltonian reduction and transformation and then modulated Fourier expansions in time. It provides detailed insight into the structure of the numerical solution.
Tracking the dispersion ofScaphoideus titanusBall (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from wild to cultivated grapevine: use of a novel mark–capture technique
Authors: Lessio F. , Tota F. , Alma A.
Published: April 2014

The dispersion ofScaphoideus titanusBall adults from wild to cultivated grapevines was studied using a novel mark–capture technique. The crowns of wild grapevines located at a distance from vineyards ranging from 5 to 330 m were sprayed with a water solution of either cow milk (marker: casein) or chicken egg whites (marker: albumin) and insects captured in yellow sticky traps placed on the canopy of grapes were analyzed via an indirect ELISA for markers’ identification. Data were subject to exponential regression as a function of distance from wild grapevine, and to spatial interpolation (Inverse Distance Weighted and Kernel interpolation with barriers) using ArcGIS Desktop 10.1 software. The influence of rainfall and time elapsed after marking on markers’ effectiveness, and the different dispersion of males and females were studied with regression analyses. Of a total of 5417 insects analyzed, 43% were positive to egg; whereas 18% of 536 tested resulted marked with milk. No influence of rainfall or time elapsed was observed for egg, whereas milk was affected by time. Males and females showed no difference in dispersal. Marked adults decreased exponentially along with distance from wild grapevine and up to 80% of them were captured within 30 m. However, there was evidence of long-range dispersal up to 330 m. The interpolation maps showed a clear clustering of markedS. titanusclose to the treated wild grapevine, and the pathways to the vineyards did not always seem to go along straight lines but mainly along ecological corridors.S. titanusadults are therefore capable of dispersing from wild to cultivated grapevine, and this may affect pest management strategies.
DNA barcoding of five common stored-product pest species of genusCryptolestes(Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Wang Y.J. , Li Z.H. , Zhang S.F. , Varadínová Z. , Jiang F. , Kučerová Z. , Stejskal V. , Opit G. , Cao Y. , Li F.J.
Published: April 2014

Several species of the genusCryptolestesGanglbauer, 1899 (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) are commonly found in stored products. In this study, five species ofCryptolestes, with almost worldwide distribution, were obtained from laboratories in China, Czech Republic and the USA:Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens, 1831),Cryptolestes pusillus(Schönherr, 1817),Cryptolestes turcicus(Grouvelle, 1876),Cryptolestes pusilloides(Steel & Howe, 1952) andCryptolestes capensis(Waltl, 1834). Molecular identification based on a 658 bp fragment from the mitochondrial DNA cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) was adopted to overcome some problems of morphological identification ofCryptolestesspecies. The utility of COI sequences as DNA barcodes in discriminating the fiveCryptolestes species was evaluated on adults and larvae by analysing Kimura 2-parameter distances, phylogenetic tree and haplotype networks. The results showed that molecular approaches based on DNA barcodes were able to accurately identify these species. This is the first study using DNA barcoding to identifyCryptolestesspecies and the gathered DNA sequences will complement the biological barcode database.
Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil
Authors: Marchioro A.A. , Colli C.M. , Ferreira É.C. , Viol B.M. , Araújo S.M. , Falavigna-Guilherme A.L.
Published: April 2014

This study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiandToxocaraspp. in children from Paraná state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies toT. gondiiwere detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies toToxocarawere detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection withT. gondiiandToxocaraspp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies toT. gondii, and 25% were positive for antibodies toToxocaraspp. The presence of antibodies toToxocaraspp. increased the risk ofT. gondiiinfection (P= 0.029). Children who were 1–8 years of age were less infected byT. gondiithan those who were 9–12 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-Toxocaraspp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology forToxocaraspp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.
Anomalous diffraction in crystallographic phase evaluation
Authors: Hendrickson Wayne A.
Published: April 2014

X-ray diffraction patterns from crystals of biological macromolecules contain sufficient information to define atomic structures, but atomic positions are inextricable without having electron-density images. Diffraction measurements provide amplitudes, but the computation of electron density also requires phases for the diffracted waves. The resonance phenomenon known as anomalous scattering offers a powerful solution to this phase problem. Exploiting scattering resonances from diverse elements, the methods of MAD (multiwavelength anomalous diffraction) and SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) now predominate forde novodeterminations of atomic-level biological structures. This review describes the physical underpinnings of anomalous diffraction methods, the evolution of these methods to their current maturity, the elements, procedures and instrumentation used for effective implementation, and the realm of applications.
The Queen's Cell:Fortune and Men's Eyesand the New Prison Drama
Authors: Thomas Aaron C.
Published: April 2014

The December 1970 issue of the Canadian newsmagazineMaclean'sfeatures an article by movie critic John Hofsess designed to promote the new filmFortune and Men's Eyesand to alert readers to that drama's importance to Canada as a nation. The piece is subtitled “A Report from the Set in a Quebec City Prison” and announces John Herbert's playFortune and Men's Eyesas “the most famous Canadian drama of the last decade—it's been translated into eight languages and performed in 14 countries.” Hofsess's first paragraph, however, does not containFortune's list of accolades; instead, the author begins his piece with the following extraordinary narrative:

Two years ago the CBS television programSixty Minutesreported “a routine incident” in a Philadelphia jail. A white youth, arrested for possession of marijuana and jailed overnight, was gang-raped the next morning by six black convicts in the back of a paddy wagon en route to a courthouse. Police found the boy bleeding and in shock. Such incidents [are] commonly and mistakenly referred to as “the problem of homosexuality in our prisons” [. . .] Yet, statistics indicate that more than 80% of sexual assaults in American prisons are committed by blacks against whites and are motivated by a different lust, a hateful rage that knows no containment.
Murdered and Missing Women: Performing Indigenous Cultural Memory in British Columbia and Beyond
Authors: Dickinson Peter
Published: April 2014

In ‘“You Are Here’: H.I.J.O.S. and the DNA of Performance,” a chapter inThe Archive and the Repertoire, Diana Taylor locates the intergenerational transfer of traumatic memory relating to Argentina's Dirty War geographically with a map—identifying, for example, where tens of thousands opposed to the country's military dictatorship (one-third of them women) were made to disappear—but she also locates this transfer genealogically and even genetically, in terms of the bodies of surviving relatives who remain as visible evidence (quite literally, through family photographs) of the material existence of their missing parents and children. Like Taylor, I attend to both the physical geography and the embodied genealogy of cultural memory in this article, which is concerned with making connections between the hemispheric traffic in missing and murdered Indigenous women of the Americas. I want to begin by acknowledging some of the sites of individual trauma and various sights of collective protest and witnessing related to this topic.
CONSISTENCY AND ASYMPTOTIC NORMALITY OF SIEVE ML ESTIMATORS UNDER LOW-LEVEL CONDITIONS
Authors: Bierens Herman J.
Published: April 2014

This paper considers sieve maximum likelihood estimation of seminonparametric (SNP) models with an unknown density function as non-Euclidean parameter, next to a finite-dimensional parameter vector. The density function involved is modeled via an infinite series expansion, so that the actual parameter space is infinite-dimensional. It will be shown that under low-level conditions the sieve estimators of these parameters are consistent, and the estimators of the Euclidean parameters are$\sqrt N$asymptotically normal, given a random sample of sizeN. The latter result is derived in a different way than in the sieve estimation literature. It appears that this asymptotic normality result is in essence the same as for the finite dimensional case. This approach is motivated and illustrated by an SNP discrete choice model.
An Algorithm for the Inverse Solution of Geodesic Sailing without Auxiliary Sphere
Authors: Tseng Wei-Kuo
Published: April 2014

An innovative algorithm to determine the inverse solution of a geodesic with the vertex or Clairaut constant located between two points on a spheroid is presented. This solution to the inverse problem will be useful for solving problems in navigation as well as geodesy. The algorithm to be described derives from a series expansion that replaces integrals for distance and longitude, while avoiding reliance on trigonometric functions. In addition, these series expansions are economical in terms of computational cost. For end points located at each side of a vertex, certain numerical difficulties arise. A finite difference method together with an innovative method of iteration that approximates Newton's method is presented which overcomes these shortcomings encountered for nearly antipodal regions. The method provided here, which does not involve an auxiliary sphere, was aided by the Computer Algebra System (CAS) that can yield arbitrarily truncated series suitable to the users accuracy objectives and which are limited only by machine precisions.
Practices and networks supporting the on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
Authors: Nilsen Linn Borgen , Subedi Abishkar , Dulloo Mohammad Ehsan , Ghosh Kakoli , Chavez-Tafur Jorge , Blundo Canto Genowefa Maria , de Boef Walter Simon
Published: April 2014

Millions of farmers depend on the use of local crops and varieties for their food and livelihood. These resources constitute a reservoir of alternative traits and characteristics, which allow us to diversify crops, foods and farming methods and provide material for targeted plant breeding. Still, many countries lag behind in providing support to farming communities for the maintenance and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). A global survey was conducted among a wide range of stakeholders to gain insights into the state of on-farm management (OFM) as a strategy for enhancing the maintenance and sustainable use of PGRFA. The survey showed that a wide range of stakeholders provide de facto support to OFM and that the practices they consider critical are focused on building capabilities in local communities. This supports the fact that the management of crop diversity on farm can be promoted in a variety of ways, depending on the specific context, and that local solutions are needed to successfully support OFM. Partnerships and networks should be considered as one of the critical means to promote OFM, as they involve a diversity of stakeholders working towards common goals. The survey further showed that many respondents currently contribute to existing networks relevant to OFM, but that these networks are mainly nationally or internationally oriented and might therefore exclude crucial local stakeholders, such as community-based organizations. Therefore, mechanisms should be put in place to strengthen the collaboration between stakeholders and networks, especially at the local level.
Colonial Geographies, Imperial Romances: Travels in Japan with Ellen Churchill Semple and Fannie Caldwell Macaulay
Authors: Adams Ellen E.
Published: April 2014

In 1911, geographer Ellen Churchill Semple and novelist Fannie Caldwell Macaulay departed on an eighteen-month tour around the world. Semple was planning to do fieldwork in Japan, where Macaulay had lived from 1902 to 1907. This paper examines the texts that Semple and Macaulay produced as a result of their experiences in Japan: two articles published in geographical journals by Semple and Macaulay's novelsThe Lady of the DecorationandThe Lady and Sada San. Travel and travel writing were one of the key ways in which white women manifested their cultural authority. Although their texts had very different purposes and audiences, Semple and Macaulay both drew upon and contributed to Orientalist discourses. In both cases, the women's authority ultimately derived from their positions as representatives of white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant American culture, and their work helped reinforce U.S. power and the legitimacy of imperialism. By producing texts that criticized those aspects of non-Western societies that diverged from Western norms and praising those areas in which they conformed, they affirmed the superiority of Western, and specifically American, culture.
The Disappearance of Emily G. Balch, Social Scientist
Authors: Johnston Andrew M.
Published: April 2014

Emily Greene Balch is probably best known as the second American women to win the Nobel Peace Prize—a tireless pacifist and feminist who served as the first secretary of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in the early 1920s. But she was, before that, an innovative social scientist whose scholarly contributions were only later overshadowed by her activism and by formalist tendencies in sociology, which subsequently ignored her critical work on immigration. Balch started her career espousing the “objectivity” of science, but her experience as a researcher of immigration and as a pacifist in search of an understanding of the social psychology of war moved her closer toward a methodological hermeneutic that made formalist sociological principles anathema. Where she blended theory-development with social practice, her male colleagues attempted to conceal political purpose behind disinterested discipline. After 1918, women sociologists were transferred into other fields, namely, back into social work. In Balch's case, she turned to international organizations and the gritty practice of reconciliation, but her profile as a social scientist disappeared altogether. The fate of her intellectual work provides a glimpse of the affinities between gender and certain forms of disciplinary knowledge in the early social sciences.
David Montgomery: A Labor Historian's Legacies
Authors: Stromquist Shelton
Published: April 2014

When David Montgomery sat down for an extended interview with editors of the Radical History Review, Mark Naison and Paul Buhle, it was the spring of 1981. His career as an academic historian was on the ascent. He had moved from the University of Pittsburgh to a named chair at Yale. He was editor of what was becoming the foremost journal in the field, International Labor and Working-Class History. His studies of workers and Reconstruction and his explorations of workers' shop floor world had catapulted him to the front rank of practitioners of the “new labor history.” And he was deeply into what would probably rank as his masterwork, The Fall of the House of Labor, published six years later. But much of the interview as published dwelt on his background in the Communist Party USA and on his own shop floor experience as a militant rank and file machinist during the 1950s. His observations on the internal life of the party, as someone who did not hold a leadership position, were perceptive. But perhaps more telling for his own future work as a historian were his comments on the growing gap in the 1950s between the party and lives of workers. Vital as the “connection to the everyday struggles of Americans” may have been, he also recognized the value of “styles of social analysis that were rooted in the hard and complex realities of experience and away from phrase-mongering and dogmatic abstractions.” As the party unraveled in the 1950s and the leadership grew more isolated, he noted, “at my level of activity we continued from day to day doing our thing”
Lesen- und Schreibenlernen in mehrsprachigen Lerngruppen
Authors: Siems Maren , Weis Ingrid
Published: April 2014

Lesen und Schreiben zu lernen ist ein sehr komplexer Vorgang, da dabei viele verschiedene Bereiche ineinandergreifen. Lesen und Schreiben lernen Kinder nur dann, wenn sie spezielle Wahrnehmungsfähigkeiten entwickelt haben und dadurch sensorische Integrationsleistungen vollziehen können. Auch psychische Komponenten wie Motivation und Selbstkonzept sowie Gedächtnisleistungen, Aufmerksamkeit, Konzentration und Kognition spielen eine Rolle. Gelingender Schriftspracherwerb ist ohne sprachliche Vorkenntnisse, die Kinder bis zum Schuleintritt implizit erwerben, nicht möglich.

Dieses Bündel an hochkomplexen Anforderungen stellt für alle Schülerinnen und Schüler eine große Herausforderung dar. Mehrsprachige Schülerinnen und Schüler haben zusätzliche Hürden zu überwinden.

In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst kurz Struktur und Merkmale der deutschen Schriftsprache und die für den Schriftspracherwerb notwendigen speziellen Wahrnehmungsfähigkeiten und Integrationsleistungen erläutert. Die zusätzlichen Anforderungen, die sich für Schülerinnen und Schüler ergeben, deren Erstsprache 1 Mit Erstsprache ist hier die Sprache gemeint, die ein Kind als erstes lernt. Kinder können auch mehrere Erstsprachen haben, wenn diese von klein auf an gleichzeitig gelernt werden. nicht Deutsch ist, werden besonders hervorgehoben. 2 In diesem Beitrag kann nicht auf alle Anforderungen, die sich für den Schriftspracherwerb – besonders von mehrsprachigen Schülerinnen und Schülern – ergeben, eingegangen werden. Wichtige Bereiche werden exemplarisch dargestellt.

Abschließend werden Eckpunkte eines sprachsensiblen Anfangsunterrichts für mehrsprachige Lerngruppen und methodische Konsequenzen skizziert.
Erfassung von „Kohäsion im Team von Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportgruppen” (KIT-FG)
Authors: Kleinknecht Chloé , Kleinert Jens , Ohlert Jeannine
Published: April 2014

Gruppenkohäsion hat sich für die Teilnahme an gesundheitsorientierter körperlicher und sportlicher Aktivität in der internationalen Forschung als besonders bedeutsam herausgestellt. Trotz dieses Sachverhalts existiert für den Bereich des Freizeit- und Gesundheitssports kein deutsches validiertes Messinstrument zu ihrer Erfassung. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es demnach einen Fragebogen zur Erfassung der Gruppenkohäsion in Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportgruppen (Fragebogen „Kohäsion im Team–Freizeit und Gesundheitssport”; KIT-FG) ins Deutsche zu übersetzen und zu validieren. In einer ersten Studie wurde die faktorielle Validität mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen sowie die Reliabilität in präventiv ausgerichteten Sportgruppen geprüft. In einer zweiten Studie erfolgte neben der Überprüfung der Konstruktvalidität eine Replikation der faktoriellen Struktur des KIT-FG in rehabilitativ ausgerichteten Sportgruppen. Zusammenfassend liefern die Resultate der beiden durchgeführten Studien erste gute Hinweise für die Eignung des KIT-FG als ein valides und reliables Instrument für die Erfassung der Gruppenkohäsion in Gesundheitssportgruppen.
Past and Present Environmental Psychology
Authors: Gärling Tommy
Published: April 2014

In my commentary on the papers in this special section of European Psychologist, I note that the focus of past environmental psychology on changing the human environment to increase people’s well-being has in contemporary environmental psychology been replaced by a focus on changing people and their behavior to preserve the human environment. This change is justified by current concerns in society about the ongoing destruction of the human environment. Yet, the change of focus should not lead to neglecting the role of changing the environment for changing people’s behavior. I argue that it may actually be the most effective behavior change tool. I still criticize approaches focusing on single behaviors for frequently being insufficient. I endorse an approach that entails coercive measures implemented after research has established that changing consumption styles harming the environment does not harm people. Such a broader approach would alert researchers to undesirable (in particular indirect) rebound effects. My view on application is that research findings in (environmental) psychology are difficult to communicate to those who should apply them, not because they are irrelevant but because they, by their nature, are qualitative and conditional. Scholars from other disciplines failing to disclose this have an advantage in attracting attention and building trust.
Protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum as a non-equilibrium phase transition
Authors: Budrikis Zoe , Costantini Giulio , La Porta Caterina A. M. , Zapperi Stefano
Published: April 2014

Several neurological disorders are associated with the aggregation of aberrant proteins, often localized in intracellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we study protein aggregation kinetics by mean-field reactions and three dimensional Monte carlo simulations of diffusion-limited aggregation of linear polymers in a confined space, representing the endoplasmic reticulum. By tuning the rates of protein production and degradation, we show that the system undergoes a non-equilibrium phase transition from a physiological phase with little or no polymer accumulation to a pathological phase characterized by persistent polymerization. A combination of external factors accumulating during the lifetime of a patient can thus slightly modify the phase transition control parameters, tipping the balance from a long symptomless lag phase to an accelerated pathological development. The model can be successfully used to interpret experimental data on amyloid-β clearance from the central nervous system.