bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender role expectations of pain mediate sex differences in cold pain responses in healthy Libyans
Authors: Alabas O.A. , Tashani O.A. , Johnson M.I.
Published: June 2011

Previous studies found a relationship between response to experimentally‐induced pain and scores for the gender role expectations of pain (GREP) questionnaire. Findings were similar in individuals from America, Portugal and Israel suggesting that gender role expectations may be universal. The aim of this study was to translate and validate Arabic GREP using Factor Analysis and to investigate if sex differences to cold‐pressor pain in healthy Libyan men and women are mediated through stereotypical social constructs of gender role expectations and/or pain‐related anxiety. One hundred fourteen university students (58 women) underwent two cycles of cold pressor pain test to measure pain threshold, tolerance, intensity, and unpleasantness. Participants also completed the Arabic GREP questionnaire and the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale‐Short form (PASS‐20). It was found that Libyan men had higher pain thresholds and tolerances than women (mean difference, 95% CI: threshold = 4.69 (s), −0.72 to 10.1, p = 0.005; tolerance = 13.46 (s), 0.5–26.4, p = 0.018). There were significant differences between sexes in 6 out of 12 GREP items (p < 0.004 after Bonferonni adjustment). The results of mediational analysis showed that GREP factors were the mediators of the effects of sex on pain threshold (z = −2.452, p = 0.014 for Self Sensitivity); (z = −2.563, p = 0.01, for Self Endurance) and on pain tolerance (z = −2.538, p = 0.01 for Self Endurance). In conclusion, sex differences in response to pain were mediated by gender role expectations of pain but not pain‐related anxiety.
The influence of maternal vulnerability and parenting stress on chronic pain in adolescents in a general population sample: The TRAILS study
Authors: Darlington A.‐S.E. , Verhulst F.C. , De Winter A.F. , Ormel J. , Passchier J. , Hunfeld J.A.M.
Published: June 2011

Investigating possible psychosocial predictors of unexplained chronic pain in adolescents is crucial in understanding its development and prevention. A general population sample of adolescents (n = 2230) from the TRAILS cohort study was investigated longitudinally to assess the influence of maternal vulnerability, in terms of anxiety, depression and stress, and parenting stress at age 10–12 years, on the presence of chronic pain at age 12–15 years. Of these adolescents, 269 (12.9%) reported experiencing chronic pain, of which 77% reported severe chronic pain and 22% reported multiple chronic pain. Maternal anxiety, maternal stress and higher levels of parenting stress were related to chronic pain at a later age. Subgroup analyses showed similar results for adolescents with severe chronic pain. Mediation analyses indicated that parenting stress mediates the effect between maternal anxiety, or stress, and chronic pain. The findings suggest that interventions to diminish maternal feelings of anxiety and stress, while in turn adjusting maternal behaviour, may prevent the development of chronic pain in adolescence.
SUMOylation of Blimp‐1 promotes its proteasomal degradation
Authors: Shimshon Livnat , Michaeli Avital , Hadar Rivka , Nutt Stephen L. , David Yael , Navon Ami , Waisman Ari , Tirosh Boaz
Published: June 2011

SUMO1
physically interacts with
Blimp1
by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction).
Arbeit und Gesundheit – ein Interventionsfeld im Wandel
Authors: Schmucker Rolf
Published: June 2011

Einleitung

Der Belastungswandel in der Arbeitswelt hat zu neuen Herausforderungen für die gesundheitspolitische Steuerung geführt. Eine Reduzierung arbeitsbedingter Erkrankungen und eine Stärkung des salutogenen Potenzials von Arbeit erfordern Maßnahmen auf verschiedenen Interventionsebenen: In der Wirtschafts-, Arbeitsmarkt-, Sozial- und Tarifpolitik ebenso wie bei der Gestaltung des Arbeitsschutzes und der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung.
Lupin seed γ-conglutin lowers blood glucose in hyperglycaemic rats and increases glucose consumption of HepG2 cells
Authors: Rosa Lovati Maria , Manzoni Cristina , Castiglioni Silvia , Parolari Anna , Magni Chiara , Duranti Marcello
Published: June 2011

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a chronic oral γ-conglutin treatment in male Sprague–Dawley rats in which hyperglycaemia had been induced by supplying 10 %d-glucose in drinking-water. A γ-conglutin dosage of 28 mg/kg body weight was daily administered to animals for 21 d. Plasma glucose, insulin and glucose overloading were monitored. Chronic administration of glucose resulted in a statistically significant (P < 0·05) increase in fasting blood glucose (2·5-fold) and insulin (2·7-fold)v.the values recorded in control rats. Simultaneous treatment with γ-conglutin attenuated the rise in plasma glucose (1·9-fold) and insulin (1·8-fold) levels in the glucose-fed rats (P < 0·05). Fasting insulin and homeostasis model of insulin resistance were decreased by 34 and 48 % (P < 0·05), respectively, in the γ-conglutin-treated ratsv.the values found in pair-fed animals. To confirm these results with a different approach, HepG2 cells, grown for 24 and 48 h in Dulbecco's minimum essential medium containing different glucose concentrations (5·5, 11·1 and 16·5 mmol/l), were exposed to 10 μmol/l γ-conglutin with or without 10 mmol/l metformin or 100 nmol/l insulin. γ-Conglutin increased glucose consumption (from 1·5- to 2·5-fold) in HepG2 cells, under all experimental conditions; this effect was more evident after 48 h incubation. Moreover, in thisin vitromodel, the addition of γ-conglutin potentiated the activity of insulin and metformin in cell glucose consumption. These findings extend the previous ones and suggest the potential use of lupin γ-conglutin in the control of glycaemia.
Measured energy value of pistachios in the human diet
Authors: Baer David J. , Gebauer Sarah K. , Novotny Janet A.
Published: June 2011

Previous studies have suggested that lipid from nuts is more poorly absorbed than that from other food sources. If lipid from nuts is poorly absorbed, then the metabolisable energy contained in the nuts is less than that predicted by the Atwater general factors. A crossover feeding study was conducted in which sixteen volunteers consumed pistachios for 3 weeks as part of a controlled diet. Pistachio doses were 0, 42 and 84 g/d. Urine and faecal samples were collected, and urine, faeces and diet were analysed for N, fat, total dietary fibre, ash and combustible energy. Blood was also collected after each treatment period and analysed for plasma lipids. Energy value of pistachio nuts was calculated from differences in energy excretion during the different dietary treatments. The measured energy density of pistachios was found to be 22·6 kJ/g, which is 5 % less than the currently accepted energy value of 23·7 kJ/g, as calculated using the Atwater general factors. The pistachio nut intervention lowered LDL-cholesterol by 6 %, but did not significantly change plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or TAG. In conclusion, pistachio nuts contain less metabolisable energy than that calculated from the Atwater general factors. Accurate information about metabolisable energy content of foods is important for reliable food labelling.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of grapeseeds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Dogan Abdulahad , Celik Ismail
Published: June 2011

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant role of grape (Vitis viniferaL.) seeds (GS) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant roles of the GS supplementation feed against ethanol-induced oxidative stress were evaluated by measuring liver damage serum marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase, antioxidant defence system such as GSH, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, glutathioneS-transferase and glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in various tissues of rats. Rats were divided into four experimental groups: I (control), II (20 % ethanol), III (15 % GS) and IV (20 % ethanol+15 % GS). According to the results, the level of serum marker enzymes was significantly increased in group II as compared to that of group I, but decreased in group IV as compared to that of group II. Also, administration of GS-supplemented food restored the ethanol-induced MDA, which was increased near the control level. The results indicated that GS could be as important as diet-derived antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage in the tissues by reducing the lipid oxidation or inhibiting the production of ethanol-induced free radicals in rats.
Medium-chain fatty acid nanoliposomes suppress body fat accumulation in mice
Authors: Liu Wei-Lin , Liu Wei , Liu Cheng-Mei , Yang Shui-Bing , Liu Jian-Hua , Zheng Hui-Juan , Su Kun-Ming
Published: June 2011

Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) are widely used in diets for patients with obesity. To develop a delivery system for suppressing dietary fat accumulation into adipose tissue, MCFA were encapsulated in nanoliposomes (NL), which can overcome the drawbacks of MCFA and keep their properties unchanged. In the present study, crude liposomes were first produced by the thin-layer dispersion method, and then dynamic high-pressure microfluidisation (DHPM) and DHPM combined with freeze–thawing methods were used to prepare MCFA NL (NL-1 and NL-2, respectively). NL-1 exhibited smaller average size (77·6 (sd 4·3) nm), higher zeta potential ( − 40·8 (sd 1·7) mV) and entrapment efficiency (73·3 (sd 16·1) %) and better stability, while NL-2 showed narrower distribution (polydispersion index 0·193 (sd 0·016)). The body fat reduction property of NL-1 and NL-2 were evaluated by short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (6 weeks) experiments of mice. In contrast to the MCFA group, the NL groups had overcome the poor palatability of MCFA because the normal diet of mice was maintained. The body fat and total cholesterol (TCH) of NL-1 (1·54 (sd 0·30) g, P = 0·039 and 2·33 (sd 0·44) mmol/l, P = 0·021, respectively) and NL-2 (1·58 (sd 0·69) g, P = 0·041 and 2·29 (sd 0·38) mmol/l, P = 0·015, respectively) significantly decreased when compared with the control group (2·11 (sd 0·82) g and 2·99 (sd 0·48) mmol/l, respectively). The TAG concentration of the NL-1 group (0·55 (sd 0·14) mmol/l) was remarkably lower (P = 0·045) than the control group (0·94 (sd 0·37) mmol/l). No significant difference in weight and fat gain, TCH and TAG was detected between the MCFA NL and MCFA groups. Therefore, MCFA NL could be potential nutritional candidates for obesity to suppress body fat accumulation.
From Industry to Luxury: French Perfume in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Briot Eugénie
Published: June 2011

The production of perfumery articles became an industry in the nineteenth century, and their broader social diffusion invites questions about the accuracy of perfume's identification at that time as a luxury product. The innovations generated or adopted by perfumers, whether they involved new extraction methods or the use of synthetic compounds, not only introduced new creative possibilities but also allowed wider margins on sales. The shift from artisanal fabrication to industrial manufacturing accompanied relatively steep increases in the price of perfumes. Nineteenth-century perfumers developed marketing strategies to build the value of their products and to position them as luxury goods.
Flat C(X)-modules and F spaces
Authors: Neville Charles W.
Published: June 2011

We prove that the following conditions are equivalent: X is an F space; every ideal of C(X) is flat; every submodule of a free C(X)-module is flat.
On Weierstrass-like functions and random recurrent sets
Authors: Bedford Tim
Published: June 2011

A construction of Weierstrass-like functions using recurrent sets is described, and the Hausdorff dimensions of the graphs computed. An important part of the proof is the notion of a globally random recurrent set. The Hausdorff dimension of a class of such sets is calculated using techniques of random matrix products.
The Markov branching process with density-independent catastrophes. II. The subcritical and critical cases
Authors: Pakes Anthony G.
Published: June 2011

This paper continues the study initiated in [10] of the Markov branching process (MBP) subject to an independent Poisson process of catastrophe times at which the population size is reduced by random decrements whose distribution is independent of the current population size. More generally, let (Xt:t ≥ 0) be the Feller process on the non-negative integers ℕ+ having the generator
Fulbright Scholars in Political Science
Authors: Adams William C. , Infeld Donna Lind
Published: June 2011

In 2011, the Fulbright Scholar Program celebrates its 65th
anniversary as America's preeminent international educational
exchange program. In recognition of its international impact, this
is a timely occasion to recall the program's history and note the
roles of political scientists who have taught and conducted research
around the globe as Fulbright Scholars.
Increased Realism at Lower Cost: The Case for the Hybrid
Experiment
Authors: Dumitrescu Delia , Blais André
Published: June 2011

We propose an experimental design particularly adapted to the study
of individual behavior in collective action situations. The
experimental protocol improves on the artificiality that is commonly
present in lab and survey experiments to achieve a closer
replication of the real-life conditions of such decisions while
avoiding the high costs associated with field experiments. We
exemplify this design by means of a study on strategic voting in
elections.
Getting Registered and Getting to the Polls: The Impact
of Voter Registration Strategy and Information Provision on Turnout
of College Students
Authors: Ulbig Stacy G. , Waggener Tamara
Published: June 2011

Each election year, colleges and universities across the nation
witness a plethora of on-campus voter registration activities. The
results of these drives are most often assessed by tallying the
number of voter registration cards collected. Little has been done,
however, to more carefully investigate these results. As a first
attempt to examine postdrive results more thoroughly, we ask two
questions. First, do students who register through an on-campus
voter registration drive actually make it to the voting booth?
Second, does providing basic information about the voting process
increase turnout among students who register through an on-campus
voter registration drive? In this study, we investigate the overall
turnout rate of students registering to vote in the 2008
presidential election through on-campus registration drives by
validating votes through the office of the county voting registrar.
We then compare the turnout rate of students who registered through
the on-campus drives with the turnout rate of similar young people
nationwide. Finally, we investigate whether the provision of
information through certain avenues boosts turnout. Our findings
show that students who registered through an on-campus voter
registration drive turned out to vote at a higher rate than similar
young people nationwide. Additionally, we found small but important
effects of information provision through different formats.
The Referendum Conundrum:
Referenda or
Referendums?
Authors: Grant J. Tobin , Taoka Yasuko
Published: June 2011

Scholars often use referenda as the plural for
referendum. This choice is a hypercorrection—it
may sound like proper Latin, but it is not.
Referendums is always the correct choice.
However, we maintain that there is value in using
referendums for multiple events and
referenda for multiple propositions.
So You Want Tenure? Factors Affecting Tenure Decisions in
Political Science Departments
Authors: Marshall Bryan W. , Rothgeb John M.
Published: June 2011

This article investigates the variables that affect the award of
tenure in political science departments in the United States. We
examined two dependent variables: (1) whether a department has
denied tenure in the past five years, and (2) whether a positive
departmental tenure recommendation has been reversed by higher
college or university authorities during the same period of time.
Five clusters of independent variables were evaluated: (1)
college/university and departmental characteristics, (2) the
procedures employed to evaluate tenure cases, (3) the instruments
used to assess teaching, (4) service expectations, and (5) research
and publication standards. We found that the most important factors
affecting departmental decisions to deny tenure were whether
teaching and substantive publications were treated as equally
valuable qualifications, the number of articles a candidate
published, and the candidate's level of commitment to advising.
Interestingly, reversal decisions by higher authorities were not
strongly affected by any of the variables in the analysis.
Online Student Publishing in the Classroom: The
Experience of the Michigan Policy Network
Authors: Grossmann Matt
Published: June 2011

In this article, I describe my work with Michigan State University
undergraduates to produce the Michigan Policy Network, a web-based
public service and research program that reports news and
information about the political process surrounding Michigan state
policy issues. The program empowers undergraduates to oversee
website sections devoted to policy issue areas, each of which
features background information, research, and current updates on
government action, as well as regular blog posts, that aim to make
the information accessible to a public audience. I explain how to
inexpensively set up such a program and reflect on the strengths and
weaknesses of the approach. I evaluate the four different methods
that I have used to integrate the policy network with traditional
teaching: (1) working with students as an extracurricular activity,
(2) organizing a summer program for government interns acting as
researchers, (3) integrating network assignments with traditional
homework in topical classes, and (4) teaching a separate class for
freshman honors students. My experience suggests that students are
motivated to complete work intended for a public audience and are
well-equipped to translate government information for public
readers. Working on the policy network improves student employment
prospects and helps build connections between state government and
the university. I recommend that similar programs be developed
elsewhere.
Budget Conflict in Banjo Crossing: Using a Classroom
Simulation to Teach the Politics of Budgeting
Authors: Taylor Charles D.
Published: June 2011

This article describes a local government budgeting simulation
developed by the author and used in an undergraduate course on the
politics and administration of local government budgets. The
exercise allowed students to participate in a simulated budget
process that provided them with firsthand experience in allocating
scarce resources, making collective decisions, and considering the
political implications of budget alternatives. The simulation
activities also provided students with opportunities to practice
their written and oral communication skills, as well as experience
in developing arguments to support particular revenue or spending
proposals.
Challenging the Constitution: Convening a Mock Constitutional Convention for American Government Students
Authors: Pautz Michelle C.
Published: June 2011

Simulations are useful tools in the classroom for an assortment of pedagogical reasons. I have devised a mock constitutional convention for use in introductory American government courses to better engage students and spur critical thinking about the U.S. Constitution. This article details the particulars of the simulation and its outcomes.
Ethics in an Age of Terror and Genocide: Identity and
Moral Choice
Authors: Monroe Kristen Renwick
Published: June 2011

My talk honors the contribution of Ithiel de Sola Pool to empirical
political theory, a field pioneered by Pool, David Easton, and
Gabriel Almond, inter alia. Pool's 1967 edited volume,
Contemporary Political Science: Toward Empirical
Theory illustrates some of the important early works in
this field, a field designed to generate political theory from the
systematic examination of empirical data. To demonstrate the kind of
work Pool developed, I begin my talk by suggesting what studying
altruism and genocide taught me about broader themes in political,
social, and moral theory. I then suggest how I developed a new
theory of moral choice in order to explain the surprising finding
that identity trumped choice for all the participants I interviewed
about their actions during the Holocaust and World War II, from
Nazis and bystanders to rescuers of Jews. This paper thus summarizes
the highlights of the 2010 Pool Lecture to provide a few
illustrations of the empirical findings that led me to develop an
identity-based theory of moral choice.
Navigating the Academic Job Market in Treacherous
Times
Authors: Miller William J. , Gentry Bobbi
Published: June 2011

Doctoral programs take great care in assuring that students are
prepared to enter the job market and become effective teachers and
researchers. However, once faced with the daunting task of landing
their first position, students are oftentimes left on their own.
Given the current state of the job market—more applicants for fewer
jobs—it is essential that students understand the process and what
they should expect as they work to receive their first academic
position. In this article, we walk students through the hiring
process from deciding which jobs to apply for to handling contract
negotiations.
Cheating Death-by-PowerPoint: Effective Use of Visual
Aids at Professional Conferences
Authors: Salmond Rob , Smith David T
Published: June 2011

We critique the typical use of visual aids at political science
conferences and make suggestions about more effective ways to
incorporate them into presentations. Our main suggestions are that
political scientists should use fewer and simpler slides, and that
those slides should contain visually rich
information that illustrates a speaker's point without distracting
the audience from his or her words.
Verbal Sticks and Rhetorical Stones: Improving Conference
Presentations in Political Science
Authors: Smith David T , Salmond Rob
Published: June 2011

We provide advice to presenters at political science conferences. Our
advice is based on the idea that the goal of a professional
presentation is to provide an audience with information it can
understand, discuss, and remember. We argue that current
presentational norms in our discipline are counterproductive, and we
encourage presenters to make their presentations more constrained,
less technical, and more connected to the political world outside of
political science.
ROBERT LYNN SAVAGE
Authors:   Colleagues in the Political Science
                                    Department
Published: June 2011

Professor Emeritus Robert Lynn Savage, 71, of Fayetteville passed
away January 26, 2011. He was born February 26, 1939, in Fort Worth,
Texas. He served in the United States Air Force from 1956 to 1959.
Savage received his BA degree from Tarleton State College in 1963
and his MA degree from the University of Houston, where he served as
a graduate and teaching assistant from 1964 to 1966. He graduated in
1966 with a thesis entitled “Absurdity and the Political System: The
Political Thought of Albert Camus” under the direction of Professor
John Green. Upon graduation, he served as an instructor before he
continued his pursuit of a doctorate in political science from the
University of Missouri–Columbia. He completed his academic work in
1971 with a dissertation entitled “Sociocultural Change and Policy
Values in the American States.” His dissertation chair was Professor
Dan Nimmo, with whom Bob maintained a lifelong friendship. Nimmo's
influence shaped Savage's interest in political communication and
behavior and state politics. His first appointment as assistant
professor brought him to Auburn University at Montgomery, where he
worked from 1971 to 1974, when he started his career at the
University of Arkansas in the fall of 1974. He was promoted to
associate professor just three years later in 1977 and to professor
in 1982. He served as interim chair during that year and eventually
as chair of the department from 1989 to 1998. Bob retired in
2001.
Response to “The logic of the Tenure Decision: In
Dubio Contra ‘Reum’”
Authors: Ugarte Michael
Published: June 2011

I read the article titled “The Logic of the Tenure Decision:
In Dubio Contra “Reum” that was published in
the most recent issue of PS. I am particularly
interested in this discussion and re-evaluation of tenure because it
is a timely issue (within and outside of academia) and because I
have been personally and professionally involved in the process at
many levels for many years.
2011 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference Track
Summaries
Authors: Stangl Chris , Schatzinger Henrik M. , Schaefer Christopher J. , Emenaker Ryan
Published: June 2011

The Simulations and Role Play I track conducted a series of engaged
discussions regarding what a successful simulation requires and what
aspects are customizable, given the wide variety of contexts in
which a simulation may be used. Recognizing the presence of
significant variance in available time, institutional support (both
financial and technical), student demographics, and class size, the
track concluded that any successful simulation must include several
core components, which can be presented in a variety of ways. Chief
among these components are a balance between providing necessary
structure and allowing room for engaged student creativity and the
need for thorough, reflective debriefing.
Cohabiting in Time: Towards an ecology of rhythm
Authors: Nelson Peter
Published: June 2011

Most accounts of rhythm focus on notions of duration, pulse and metre, to explore the practices and constructs by which those involved in music performances co-ordinate their involvement. Yet there is a significant body of musical practice where soundsco-habitin time, without the same sorts of constraints found in metric co-ordination: from the gentle singing of Joseph Beuys during his Action PieceI Like America and America Likes Me, to Paul McCartney's song ‘Blackbird’. This is similar, say, to the improvisation practice of composer and trombonist George Lewis in his work with the computer programmeVoyager. Starting from some ideas laid out by Gaston Bachelard and Gregory Bateson, and recent writings on critical post-humanism, this paper explores ways of considering ecologies of sounds in time, and their consequences for human musical experience.
Ecological Psychology and the Electroacoustic Concert Context
Authors: Andean James
Published: June 2011

An application of ecological psychology, based on the work of James J. Gibson, to electroacoustic music would consider the listener in relationship with both the work and the environment, in a dynamic and mutually informing relationship. This perspective is applied to various electroacoustic concert paradigms, demonstrating a wide range of listening experiences; the implications for electroacoustic music as a genre are examined. Several qualities of acousmatic music are used to explore some potential limitations of Gibson's theories. Finally, some relative strengths and weaknesses of ecological psychology are considered, as well as some potentially fruitful cooperations with other, somewhat divergent, theoretical approaches.
Digital Musical Interactions: Performer–system relationships and their perception by spectators
Authors: Gurevich Michael , Cavan Fyans A.
Published: June 2011

This article adopts an ecological view of digital musical interactions, considering first the relationship between performers and digital systems, and then spectators’ perception of these interactions. We provide evidence that the relationships between performers and digital music systems are not necessarily instrumental in the same was as they are with acoustic systems, and nor should they always strive to be. Furthermore, we report results of a study indicating that spectators may not perceive such interactions in the same way as performances with acoustic musical instruments. We present implications for the design of digital musical interactions, suggesting that designers should embrace the reality that digital systems are malleable and dynamic, and may engage performers and spectators in different modalities, sometimes simultaneously.
Being Among the Living: On the inter-relations between performers, witnesses and environment in As I Have Now Memoyre
Authors: Brown Nicholas G.
Published: June 2011

In this article, I argue that the relationship between performers, audience members, electronic technologies and the wider, physical context of the performance environment may be redefined by developing the ‘concert’ model of electroacoustic performance. I propose that managing proximity between audience members and performers plays a catalytic role in a process through which the human voice may emerge from its status as an ‘instrument’ for the delivery of notated musical ideas to, simply, ‘voice’. To illustrate, I refer to As I Have Now Memoyre, my 2008 installation-performance on the relationship between music, memory and the passing of time. Accordingly, I investigate the way in which a performer is able to assert her ontological reciprocity with the total performance environment by ‘embodying’ the electronic processing, asserting continuity between the electronically mediated performance and the performance rendered by her own unaided body.
The Self-Organising Work of Music
Authors: Kollias Phivos-Angelos
Published: June 2011

In this paper, I will focus on the musical work as a self-organising entity within a systemic framework. In particular, two significant and inter-related systemic concepts will be mentioned: self-organisation and open system. Firstly, I shall explain the two concepts within the context of systems thinking with reference to a graphical model of second-order cybernetics. This section will conclude with a discussion of the difference between natural and artificial self-organising systems. I will then extend the systemic perspective, describing what I call self-organising music, and discussing my algorithmic composition Ephemeron as a case study.
Rethinking Observed Power
Authors: Sun Shuyan , Pan Wei , Wang Lihshing Leigh
Published: June 2011

Observed power analysis is recommended by many scholarly journal editors and reviewers, especially for studies with statistically nonsignificant test results. However, researchers may not fully realize that blind observance of this recommendation could lead to an unfruitful effort, despite the repeated warnings from methodologists. Through both a review of 14 published empirical studies and a Monte Carlo simulation study, the present study demonstrates that observed power is usually not as informative or helpful as we think because (a) observed power for a nonsignificant test is generally low and, therefore, does not provide additional information to the test; and (b) a low observed power does not always indicate that the test is underpowered. Implications and suggestions of statistical power analysis for quantitative researchers are discussed.
D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy
Authors: Martínez Jose A. , Ruiz Marín Manuel
Published: June 2011

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.
Horn’s Parallel Analysis for Selecting the Number of Dimensions in Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Lorenzo-Seva Urbano
Published: June 2011

The primary goal in Correspondence analysis (CA) is to transform a contingency table into a graphical display in order to facilitate the interpretation of numerical information. As in other multivariate data analysis techniques, the aim is to explain as much variance as possible by considering the lowest possible number of dimensions. Parallel analysis (PA) is an efficient procedure which is applied to determine how many dimensions should be interpreted in a principal component analysis context. The rationale of PA is that nontrivial dimensions should have larger associated eigenvalues than dimensions derived from random data. I propose a procedure for adapting PA to the context of CA. The procedure is tested in a simulation study, and its usefulness is illustrated with a numerical example.
Sample Size and Accuracy of Estimates in Multilevel Models
Authors: Paccagnella Omar
Published: June 2011

In a multilevel framework several researches have investigated the behavior of estimates in finite samples, particularly for continuous dependent variables. Some findings show poor precise estimates for the variance components. On the other hand, discrete response multilevel models have been investigated less widely. In this paper we analyze the influence of different factors on the accuracy of estimates and standard errors of estimates in a binary response 2-level model, through a Monte Carlo simulation study. We investigate the hypothesis of: (a) small sample sizes; (b) different intraclass correlation coefficients; (c) different numbers of quadrature points in the estimation procedure. Standard errors of estimates are studied through a noncoverage indicator. In all instances we have considered, the point estimates are unbiased (even with very small sample sizes), while the variance components are underestimated. The accuracy of the standard errors of variance estimates needs a very large number of groups.
An improved forecast system for relativistic electrons at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Turner D. L. , Li X. , Burin des Roziers E. , Monk S.
Published: June 2011

Here we provide a review of existing forecast models for Earth's outer radiation belt electrons, discuss some recent improvements to two of these models, and present a new and improved forecast system for relativistic electrons at GEO. For the first time, we can forecast at a local hour resolution around GEO using a statistical tool included in the system. This forecast system also includes several real‐time forecast models, two previously existing and one that is a new development. This new model incorporates an internal electron source, simulating local acceleration by wave‐particle interactions, and it proves to be the most accurate of the models in the system. For 2007–2008, it achieves +1 and +2 day prediction efficiencies of 0.90 and 0.63. We conclude this work with a discussion of how these models are currently operational and providing results to the community online in real time, and we also speculate on future possibilities to allow for forecasts with extended lead times and ranges throughout the rest of the outer radiation belt.
Modification of the National Weather Service Distributed Hydrologic Model for subsurface water exchanges between grids
Authors: Khakbaz Behnaz , Imam Bisher , Sorooshian Soroosh , Koren Victor I. , Cui Zhengtao , Smith Michael B. , Restrepo Pedro
Published: June 2011

To account for spatial variability of precipitation, as well as basin physiographic properties, the National Weather Service (NWS) has developed a distributed version of its hydrologic component, termed the Hydrology Laboratory‐Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL‐RDHM). Because channels are the only source of water exchange between neighboring computational elements, the absence of such exchange has been identified as a weakness in the model. The primary objective of this paper is to modify the model structure to account for subsurface water exchanges without dramatically altering the conceptual framework of the water balance module. The subsurface exchanges are established by partitioning the slow response components released from the lower layer storages into two parts: the first part involves the grid's conceptual channel, while the second is added to the lower layer storages of the downstream pixel. Realizing the deficiency of the water balance module to locate the lower zone layers in sufficient depths, a complementary study is conducted to test the feasibility of further improvement in the modified model by equally shifting downward the lower zone layers of all pixels over the basin. The Baron Fork at Eldon, Oklahoma, is chosen as the test basin. Ten years of grid‐based multisensor precipitation data are used to investigate the effects of the modification, plus shifting the lower zone layers on model performance. The results show that the modified‐shifted HL‐RDHM can markedly improve the streamflow simulations at the interior point, as well as very high peak‐flow simulations at the basin's outlet.
The topographic signature of vegetation development along a braided river: Results of a combined analysis of airborne lidar, color air photographs, and ground measurements
Authors: Bertoldi W. , Gurnell A. M. , Drake N. A.
Published: June 2011

This paper combines archived remotely sensed data (airborne lidar and digital color air photographs) with nonsynchronous ground observations (including observations of topographic form and vegetation cover and growth) to test the hypothesis that colonization of exposed river sediments by riparian trees has an impact on channel form and to quantify any impact that is identified. This is achieved along a 21 km reach of the braided, gravel bed Tagliamento River, in northeast Italy, where the width of the braided corridor typically exceeds 800 m. Lidar data are analyzed to extract a 2 m resolution digital evolution model (DEM) and determine riparian vegetation extent, height, and structure within the active corridor. Aerial photographs are used to map the topography of the submerged parts of the corridor. These data are divided into 1 km length subreaches, which possess strong contrasts in vegetation height and extent. Joint analysis of vegetation and morphological properties of these subreaches reveals significant associations between vegetation properties and reach morphology. Residuals from a gamma function fitted to the topographic data for each subreach show a good fit with poorly vegetated reaches, but a weakening fit with increasing vegetation cover, largely as a result of the appearance of secondary peaks in the elevation frequency distribution associated with the heavily vegetated areas. Furthermore, the overall skewness and kurtosis of the elevation frequency distribution within each of the subreaches are both significantly correlated with vegetation extent, height, median elevation, and growth rate, indicating a clear topographic signature of vegetation development along this braided river that reflects sediment accumulation within and around the vegetated patches.
Science academy statements on water, health, and science education
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: June 2011

Several days prior to the Group of 8 (G8) summit of nations on 26–27 May in Deauville, France, science academies from those nations and five others issued joint statements calling for the governments to take actions regarding water and health as well as science education. The water and health statement indicates that nearly 3 billion people will be living in water‐scarce countries by 2050 and that 2.6 billion already lack access to proper sanitation and nearly 900 million lack access to a clean water supply. The statement calls for developing basic infrastructure for sanitation, promoting education to change the behavior of populations regarding water supply, funding research and development to identify pathogens, and improving water management and hygiene standards, among other measures.
Hernlund receives 2010 Jason Morgan Early Career Award: Citation
Authors: Green Harry W.
Published: June 2011

John W. Hernlund received the 2010 Jason Morgan Early Career Award at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, held 13–17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is “for significant early‐career contributions to tectonophysics.”
Hernlund receives 2010 Jason Morgan Early Career Award: Response
Authors: Hernlund John W.
Published: June 2011

John W. Hernlund received the 2010 Jason Morgan Early Career Award at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting, held 13–17 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is “for significant early‐career contributions to tectonophysics.”
2010 AGU Fall Meeting Outstanding Student Paper Awards
Authors: Anonymous
Published: June 2011

The following members received Outstanding Student Paper Awards at the 2010 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. See also “Outstanding Student Paper Awards” published previously (Eos, 92(18), 155; 92(19), 165; 92(20), 173; and 92(21), 181–182).
Monolithic oxide–metal composite thermoelectric generators for energy harvesting
Authors: Funahashi Shuichi , Nakamura Takanori , Kageyama Keisuke , Ieki Hideharu
Published: June 2011

Monolithic oxide–metal composite thermoelectric generators (TEGs) were fabricated using multilayer co-fired ceramic technology. These devices consisted of Ni0.9Mo0.1 and La0.035Sr0.965TiO3 as p- and n-type thermoelectric materials, and Y0.03Zr0.97O2 was used as an insulator, sandwiched between p- and n-type layers. To co-fire dissimilar materials, p-type layers contained 20 wt. % La0.035Sr0.965TiO3; thus, these were oxide–metal composite layers. The fabricated device had 50 pairs of p–i–n junctions of 5.9 mm × 7.0 mm × 2.6 mm. The calculated maximum value of the electric power output from the device was 450 mW/cm2 at ΔT = 360 K. Furthermore, this device generated 100 μW at ΔT = 10 K and operated a radio frequency (RF) transmitter circuit module assumed to be a sensor network system.
Magnetic-field- and bias-sensitive conductivity of a hybrid Fe/SiO2/p-Si structure in planar geometry
Authors: Volkov N. V. , Tarasov A. S. , Eremin E. V. , Varnakov S. N. , Ovchinnikov S. G. , Zharkov S. M.
Published: June 2011

Pronounced magnetic-field- and bias-sensitive features of the transport properties of a Fe/SiO2/p-Si hybrid structure in planar geometry at temperature variation are investigated. Comparative analysis of two Fe/SiO2/p-Si samples, one with a continuous Fe film and the other with two electrodes formed from a Fe layer and separated by a micron gap, shows that these features are due to the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) transition with a Schottky barrier near the interface between SiO2 and p-Si. Resistance of such a MIS transition depends exponentially on temperature and bias. In the structure with a continuous ferromagnetic film, the competition between conductivities of the MIS transition and the Fe layer results in the effect of current channel switching between the Fe layer and a semiconductor substrate. Within certain limits, this process can be controlled by a bias current and a magnetic field. Positive magnetoresistance of the structures at high temperatures is determined, most likely, by disorder-induced weak localization. In the structure with the gap, negative magnetoresistance is observed at certain temperature and bias. Its occurrence should be attributed to an inversion layer formed in the semiconductor near the SiO2/p-Si interface when MIS transition is in the inversion regime.
A transport-based model of material trends in nonproportionality of scintillators
Authors: Li Qi , Grim Joel Q. , Williams R. T. , Bizarri G. A. , Moses W. W.
Published: June 2011

Electron-hole pairs created by the passage of a high-energy electron in a scintillator radiation detector find themselves in a very high radial concentration gradient of the primary electron track. Since nonlinear quenching that is generally regarded to be at the root of nonproportional response depends on the fourth or sixth power of the track radius in a cylindrical track model, radial diffusion of charge carriers and excitons on the ∼10 picosecond duration typical of nonlinear quenching can compete with and thereby modify that quenching. We use a numerical model of transport and nonlinear quenching to examine trends affecting local light yield versus excitation density as a function of charge carrier and exciton diffusion coefficients. Four trends are found: (1) nonlinear quenching associated with the universal “roll-off” of local light yield versus dE/dx is a function of the lesser of mobilities μe and μh or of DEXC as appropriate, spanning a broad range of scintillators and semiconductor detectors; (2) when μe ≈ μh, excitons dominate free carriers in transport, the corresponding reduction of scattering by charged defects and optical phonons increases diffusion out of the track in competition with nonlinear quenching, and a rise in proportionality is expected; (3) when μh ≪ μe as in halide scintillators with hole self-trapping, the branching between free carriers and excitons varies strongly along the track, leading to a “hump” in local light yield versus dE/dx; (4) anisotropic mobility can promote charge separation along orthogonal axes and leads to a characteristic shift of the “hump” in halide local light yield. Trends 1 and 2 have been combined in a quantitative model of nonlinear local light yield which is predictive of empirical nonproportionality for a wide range of oxide and semiconductor radiation detector materials where band mass or mobility data are the determinative material parameters.
Eigen mode approach to the sub-wavelength imaging with surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Khurgin Jacob B.
Published: June 2011

We develop a physically transparent model to interpret the sub-wavelength imaging with metal slabs. The model is applied to analyze the optical transfer function (OTF) and show how OTF is affected by the geometric and material parameters.
First-order reversal curves acquired by a high precision ac induction magnetometer
Authors: Béron F. , Soares G. , Pirota K. R.
Published: June 2011

We present a setup allowing to characterize the local irreversible behavior of soft magnetic samples. It is achieved by modifying a conventional ac induction magnetometer in order to measure first-order reversal curves (FORCs), a magnetostatic characterization technique. The required modifications were performed on a home-made setup allowing high precision measurement, with sensibility less than 0.005 Oe for the applied field and 10−6 emu for the magnetization. The main crucial point for the FORCs accuracy is the constancy of the applied field sweep rate, because of the magnetic viscosity. Therefore, instead of the common way to work at constant frequency, each FORC is acquired at a slightly different frequency, in order to keep the field variation constant in time. The obtained results exhibit the consequences of magnetic viscosity, thus opening up the path of studying this phenomenon for soft magnetic materials.