bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epithelial Cell Mechanoresponse to Matrix Viscoelasticity and Confinement Within Micropatterned Viscoelastic Hydrogels
Authors: Ciccone Giuseppe , Azevedo Gonzalez‐Oliva Mariana , Versaevel Marie , Cantini Marco , Vassalli Massimo , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel , Gabriele Sylvain
Published: February 2025

Extracellular matrix (ECM) viscoelasticity has emerged as a potent regulator of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Spatial confinement within the ECM is also known to influence cell behavior in these contexts. However, the interplay between matrix viscoelasticity and spatial confinement in driving epithelial cell mechanotransduction is not well understood, as it relies on experiments employing purely elastic hydrogels. This work presents an innovative approach to fabricate and micropattern viscoelastic polyacrylamide hydrogels with independently tuneable Young's modulus and stress relaxation, specifically designed to mimic the mechanical properties observed during breast tumor progression, transitioning from a soft dissipative tissue to a stiff elastic one. Using this platform, this work demonstrates that matrix viscoelasticity differentially modulates breast epithelial cell spreading, adhesion, YAP nuclear import and cell migration, depending on the initial stiffness of the matrix. Furthermore, by imposing spatial confinement through micropatterning, this work demonstrates that confinement alters cellular responses to viscoelasticity, including cell spreading, mechanotransduction and migration. These findings establish ECM viscoelasticity as a key regulator of epithelial cell mechanoresponse and highlight the critical role of spatial confinement in soft, dissipative ECMs, which was a previously unexplored aspect.
Multiomics and Systematic Analyses Reveal the Roles of Hemoglobin and the HIF‐1 Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Wang Guiquan , Mao Weian , Zhang Yurong , Yang Haiyan , Zhu Ming , Li Yan , Chen Wei , Chen Yi , Lou Chen , Li Ping , Chang Hsun‐Ming , Yuan Shuai , Zhao Yue , Mu Liangshan
Published: February 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects reproductive and cardiometabolic health, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear. Emerging evidence links hemoglobin levels to metabolic disorders, suggesting a potential role in PCOS development. Here, we integrated a large‐scale cohort study, Mendelian randomization (A genetic tool to infer causal relationships), bioinformatics analyses, and in vitro experiments to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and PCOS. In a cohort of 20 602 women, each 10 g L−1 elevation in hemoglobin levels is associated with 22% higher odds of PCOS (adjusted odds ratio: 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–1.29, P < 0.001) and PCOS manifestations, particularly hyperandrogenism. Mendelian randomization analysis confirms that higher hemoglobin levels are associated with increased PCOS risk and elevated testosterone levels. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) pathway is enriched, identifying three testosterone‐associated genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB1), insulin receptor (INSR), protein kinase C alpha. Colocalization and druggability analysis supports shared genetic regions and confirmed these genes as druggable targets. Upregulation of NFKB1 and INSR are confirmed in both blood and ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS patients. The findings demonstrate that higher‐end normal hemoglobin levels are associated with increased PCOS risk, potentially through a mechanism of elevating testosterone levels involving the HIF‐1 pathway.
LINC01235 Promotes Clonal Evolution through DNA Replication Licensing‐Induced Chromosomal Instability in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Xuliren , Shao Zhibo , Zhang Yi , Zhang Liyi , Chen Ming , Zhou Xujie , Zhu Han , Zhou Yue , Lu Xinya , Li Pei , Chi Weiru , Li Lun , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Huang Shenglin , Xue Jingyan , Chi Yayun , Wu Jiong , Xiu Bingqiu
Published: February 2025

Despite the development of HER2‐targeting drugs such as trastuzumab and T‐DXd, treatment resistance is a substantial challenge, often leading to relapse and distant metastasis. Tumor heterogeneity in HER2‐positive breast cancer drives the evolution of resistant clones following therapeutic stress. However, the targetable drivers of anti‐HER2 treatment resistance are not thoroughly identified. This study aims to use neoadjuvant‐targeted therapy cohorts and a patient‐derived organoid in vitro treatment model to uncover the potential targetable drivers of anti‐HER2 treatment resistance. it is found that LINC01235 significantly enhances DNA replication licensing and chromosomal instability, fostering clonal expansion and evolution, and ultimately increasing resistance to therapeutic interventions. LINC01235 regulates global H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and H3K36me3 modifications, promotes H2A.Z expression in regulatory regions, and increases the accessibility of DNA licensing factors to their promoter regions. XRCC5 is identified as a key component for maintaining genomic stability, crucial for LINC01235's role in replication licensing. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting LINC01235, including the use of antisense oligonucleotides or ATR inhibitors, which showed promise in overcoming treatment resistance are explored. These findings underscore the pivotal role of LINC01235 in driving resistance mechanisms and highlight novel avenues for targeted therapies to improve the outcomes of patients with HER2‐positive breast cancer.
Leveraging Tumor Microenvironment to Boost Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy, Ferroptosis Anti‐Tumor Efficiency Based on a Functional Iridium(III) Complex
Authors: Pei Yu , Pan Yinzhen , Zhang Zhijun , Zhu Jun , Sun Yan , Zhang Qian , Zhu Dongxia , Li Guangzhe , Bryce Martin R. , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2025

The tumor microenvironment (TME) severely limits the efficacy of clinical applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The development of a functional agent allowing full use of the TME to boost synergistic PDT and ferroptosis anti‐tumor efficiency is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. Herein, to overcome the adverse influence on PDT of hypoxia and high level of glutathione (GSH) in the TME, an imine bond is introduced into an Ir(III)‐ferrocene complex to construct a small molecule drug, named Ir‐Fc, for tumors’ imaging and therapy. The cleavage of the imine bond in the lysosome effectively disrupts the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, realizing the decomposition of Ir‐Fc into Fc‐CHO and Ir‐NH2. Fc‐CHO produces •OH by Fenton reactions under dark conditions and induces ferroptosis in tumor cells, and Ir‐NH2 shows prominent performance for type‐I and type‐II reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Meanwhile, the ferroptosis pathway simultaneously consumes large amounts of GSH and produces O2 for effectively relieving hypoxia. These distinctive outputs make Ir‐Fc an exceptional molecule for effective tumor synergistic therapy. This study thus brings a new and revolutionary PDT protocol for practical cancer treatment.
Human Pituitary Organoids: Transcriptional Landscape Deciphered by scRNA‐Seq and Stereo‐Seq, with Insights into SOX3's Role in Pituitary Development
Authors: Wang Shengjie , Jiang Deyue , Xiao Yan , Qin Qiaozhen , Zhang Heyang , Ye Lingtong , Jin Jide , Jiang Xiaoxia , Guo Qinghua
Published: February 2025

The 3D human pituitary organoid represents a promising laboratory model for investigating human pituitary diseases. Nonetheless, this technology is still in its nascent stage, with uncertainties regarding the cellular composition, intercellular interactions, and spatial distribution of the human pituitary organoids. To address these gaps, the culture conditions are systematically adjusted and the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells’ (iPSCs’) differentiation into pituitary organoids is successfully improved, achieving results comparable to or exceeding those of previous studies. Additionally, single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and stereomics sequencing (Stereo‐seq) are performed on the pituitary organoids for the first time, and unveil the diverse cell clusters, intricate intercellular interactions, and spatial information within the organoids. Furthermore, the SOX3 gene interference impedes the iPSCs’ differentiation into pituitary organoids, thereby highlighting the potential of pituitary organoids as an ideal experimental model. Altogether, the research provides an optimized protocol for the human pituitary organoid culture and a valuable transcriptomic dataset for future explorations, laying the foundation for subsequent research in the field of pituitary organoids or pituitary diseases.
Tailoring Piezoelectric Nanogenerators and Microdevices for Cellular Excitation: Impact of Size and Morphology
Authors: Lefaix Laura , Navarro Marc , Nogués Carme , Blanquer Andreu , Murillo Gonzalo
Published: February 2025

The use of piezoelectric devices as wireless electrical stimulators is an emerging research topic. In this study, piezoelectric microdevices, consisting of ZnO nanosheets (NSs) functioning as piezoelectric nanogenerators (NGs) grown on top of silicon microparticles, to electrically stimulate cell are designed. The morphology of the ZnO NSs is optimized by tuning the thickness of the aluminum nitride (AlN) catalyst layer and adjusting the growth duration. ZnO NSs grown on thinner AlN layers (≤ 200 nm) and subjected to 9 h of hydrothermal growth exhibit the most suitable characteristics for cell stimulation, balancing crystal size, and electric field generation. The generation of a local electric field capable of exciting osteoblast cells is inferred from finite element simulations and intracellular calcium influx measurements. The internalization rate of silicon microdevices of varying sizes (3 × 3, 6 × 10, 12 × 18 µm2) by osteosarcoma (Saos‐2) and primary human osteoblast (hOB) cells.is assessed The results show that smaller devices have higher internalization rates, particularly in tumoral Saos‐2 cells, while primary cells exhibit minimal internalization (< 10%) across all particle sizes. This study presents an optimized piezoelectric microdevice, based on a scalable and customizable fabrication process, for minimally invasive bioelectronic applications, offering accurate electrical cell stimulation while minimizing unwanted internalization.
Novel Electroactive Therapeutic Platforms for Cardiac Arrhythmia Management
Authors: Yang Juwei , Li Longfei , Hu Yiran , Li Zhou , Hua Wei
Published: February 2025

Electroactive platforms have gained significant attention for their ability to convert various types of energy into electrical signals, offering promising applications in diverse biomedical fields. In cardiovascular care, these platforms are increasingly valued for their innovative solutions in managing cardiac functions and disorders. By regulating electrical activity in the heart, electroactive platforms offer novel methods for managing abnormal heart rhythms. This review explores the latest advancements in electroactive systems, categorizing them based on their energy sources and mechanisms, such as self‐powered and conductive systems. It also highlights their applications in arrhythmia management, including monitoring, intervention, pacing, and repairing. Finally, the challenges, limitations, and future opportunities for clinical translation of these technologies are discussed.
Biomimetic Enzyme–Micelle Self‐Assembled Systems for Semi‐Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Liu Yongpeng , Rodríguez-Jiménez Santiago , Song Hongwei , Pannwitz Andrea , Kim Dongseok , Coito Ana M. , Manuel Rita R. , Webb Sophie , Su Lin , Bonke Shannon A. , Milton Ross D. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Bonnet Sylvestre , Hammarström Leif , Reisner Erwin
Published: February 2025

Supramolecular surfactants provide a versatile platform to construct systems for solar fuel synthesis, for example via the self‐assembly of amphiphilic photosensitizers and catalysts into diverse supramolecular structures. However, the utilization of amphiphilic photosensitizers in solar fuel production has predominantly focused on yielding gaseous products, such as molecular hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4) with turnover number (TON) of synthetic catalysts typically in the range of hundreds to thousands. Inspired by biological lipid–protein interactions, we present herein a novel bio‐hybrid assembly strategy that utilizes photosensitizers as surfactants to form micellar scaffolds that interface with enzymes, namely hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases, for semi‐artificial photosynthesis. Specifically, surfactants with a [ruthenium tris(2,2’‐bipyridine)]2+ head group provide high photocatalytic activity upon association with the enzymes as their positively charged [Ru]2+ center electrostatically interacts with the enzymes favorably to enable direct electron transfer at the micelle‐enzyme interface. Time‐resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy support the beneficial charge carrier dynamics of the reductively quenched [Ru]+ species when the enzymes are introduced in the micellar solution. Thus, a new concept is introduced for solar fuel synthesis using a biomimetic enzyme–micellar system, providing also a platform for other photocatalytic transformations using enzymes in the future.
Ultrasonography guided modified Sellick manoeuvre in post‐oesophagectomy patients – a case series*
Authors: Reddivari N. , Naik V. , Rayani B. K. , Adda S.
Published: February 2025

Oesophagectomy is an established treatment option for the management of oesophageal carcinoma. This procedure results in loss of the lower oesophageal sphincter, which increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration in patients presenting for subsequent surgeries. Consequently, innovative strategies are needed to enhance safety during airway management. Although Sellick manoeuvre (cricoid pressure) is commonly used to mitigate the risk of aspiration, there is limited evidence to support its efficacy. Additionally, cricoid pressure may not be effective in patients who have undergone oesophagectomy because of the altered neck anatomy. In this case series, we present seven post‐oesophagectomy patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided modified Sellick manoeuvre for airway management. During tracheal intubation with a videolaryngoscope, the gastric conduit in the neck was visualised and compressed with the ultrasound probe, attempting to oppose both walls of the conduit and reduce the risk of regurgitation. This approach addresses the challenges posed by altered anatomy and the limitations of traditional cricoid pressure, potentially enhancing the safety of airway management in these patients. While ultrasound‐guided oesophageal compression shows promise as a feasible technique, further studies are needed to validate its effectiveness.
Electrochemical Analysis of PEDOT in Acetonitrile Solutions of Ionic Liquids for Active IR Technologies
Authors: Dalgleish Jacob L. , Jane Marta Llusca , Murphy Peter J. , Rudd Sam , Mahjoub Reza , Zuber Kamil
Published: February 2025

This study provides the analysis of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films via secondary doping for operation in electrochromic devices using ionic liquids, acetonitrile‐based solutions of ionic liquids, and their mixtures for ideal operation electrochemically. For this purpose, PEDOT:Tos films were electrochemically reduced and oxidized with these electrolytes, containing various dopants (TFSI, OTf, BF4, PF6, and Cl) and their combinations, forming dual‐doped PEDOT films. OTf proved to be an excellent dopant for enhancing the dynamic range (Δε = 0.12). Electrochemically oxidized PEDOT:PF6/BF4 resulted in both the highest doping level (30.1%) and conductivity (3500 S/cm) with a dynamic range of Δε = 0.10, demonstrating the advantage of incorporating multiple dopant anions. In addition, the use of PF6 in conjunction with other dopants, such as BF4, demonstrated distinct doping behaviors from multiple dopants, as observed from electrochemical analysis. This results present usefulness of PEDOT outside of IR modulation in areas such as ion sensing.
How compound wind and precipitation extremes change over Southeast Asia: A comprehensive assessment from CMIP6 models
Authors: Jiang Yifei , Ge Fei , Chen Quanliang , Lin Zhiye , Fraedrich Klaus , Chen Zhang
Published: February 2025

Observational evidence has shown that Compound Wind and Precipitation Extremes (CWPEs) can cause substantial disruptions to natural and economic systems under climate change. This study conducts a historical assessment and future projection of CWPEs characteristics in the climate vulnerable region of Southeast Asia (SEA) based on two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Results reveal that the northern Philippines, the eastern and northwestern coastal areas of the Indochina Peninsula have experienced the most frequent, strongest CWPEs during the period of 1985–2014. SEA is projected to experience a frequency increase of 14.4% (22.5%) and intensity increase of 9.4% (19.5%) under the SSP2‐4.5 (SSP5‐8.5) scenario at the end of 21st century (2070–2099). Kalimantan appears to replace the Philippines as the most affected area, particularly under high emission scenario. In addition, the changes in CWPEs are primarily driven by the changes in precipitation, with the average contribution of precipitation changes across the whole region is 62.8% (70.4%) under the SSP2‐4.5 (SSP5‐8.5) scenario. For precipitation uncertainties, the contribution from model uncertainty decreases over time (from 73.9% to 42.7%), while scenario uncertainty increases (from 20.3% to 55.0%). In contrast, for wind projections, model uncertainty remains the dominant factor (from 81.3% to 87.6%) with little change. The present study reveals the high sensitivity of the CWPEs over SEA under global warming and highlighting the risks of future disaster impact in such vulnerable regions.
Wärmepumpen für Einfamilienhäuser im Bestand – ökologische und ökonomische Auswirkungen
Authors: Broszies Tanja , Stuht Lena , Vogdt Frank U.
Published: February 2025

Zur Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen im deutschen Gebäudesektor wurde zum 1. Januar 2024 das Gebäudeenergiegesetz novelliert, welches seitdem vorschreibt, dass neu eingebaute Heizerzeuger zu mindestens 65 % mit erneuerbaren Energien betrieben werden müssen. In neuen Einfamilienhäusern ist die Wärmepumpe bereits eine Standardlösung, aber auch in Bestandsgebäuden gilt sie als vielversprechend. Inwiefern ein Wechsel vom aktuell häufig verbauten Gasbrennwertkessel zur Wärmepumpe ökologisch aber auch ökonomisch vorteilhaft ist, wurde anhand eines exemplarischen Einfamilienhauses untersucht. Hierfür wurden mittels einer Heizlastberechnung, einer energetischen Bilanzierung und einer Dimensionierung der Anlagenkomponenten für verschiedene Heiztechnikvarianten, Gebäudedämmstandards und Energiepreisentwicklungen eine Ökobilanz und Lebenszykluskostenrechnung erstellt. Es wird bei den Treibhausgasemissionen und dem nichterneuerbaren Primärenergieverbrauch eine eindeutige Vorteilhaftigkeit der Wärmepumpe festgestellt. Bei den weiteren Umwelteffekten wie beispielsweise Eutrophierung und Ozonschichtabbau schneiden je nach Variante Gasbrennwertkessel oder Wärmepumpe besser ab. Trotz der geringeren absoluten Energiekosten in Folge des gesunkenen Verbrauchs der Wärmepumpe können die hohen Anschaffungskosten nicht ausgeglichen werden, sodass der Gasbrennwertkessel für das betrachtete Gebäude stets die wirtschaftlichere Alternative bleibt.
Energetische Vergleichsrechnungen zu Wohngebäuden auf Basis von DIN V 18599
Authors: Ehrich Claas Christian , Himburg Stefan
Published: February 2025

Die energetische Bilanzierung von Wohngebäuden muss seit dem 1. Januar 2024 für den öffentlich‐rechtlichen Nachweis nach der Berechnungsnorm DIN V 18599 geführt werden. Damit sind die alten Normen DIN V 4108‐6 und DIN V 4701‐10 nicht mehr gültig. Als die DIN V 18599 im Jahr 2009 für Wohngebäude neu eingeführt wurde, lieferte diese deutlich größere Werte für den Jahres‐Primärenergiebedarf im Vergleich zur DIN V 4108‐6. Die DIN V 18599 Normenreihe wurde seitdem mehrfach geändert. In diesem Bericht wird mit Hilfe von softwaregestützten Vergleichsrechnungen überprüft, ob sich die Ergebnisse beider Verfahren angenähert haben. Dazu werden vereinfachte Gebäudemodelle verwendet. Es ergibt sich eine Annäherung des Primärenergiebedarfs nach der aktuellen DIN V 18599 an die Rechenergebnisse nach DIN V 4108‐6 in Verbindung mit der DIN V 4701‐10. Die größte Änderung im Vergleich zur ersten Fassung der DIN V 18599 aus 2007 lässt sich bei den deutlich höher ausfallenden internen Wärmegewinnen erkennen.
Why Has Gastroschisis Increased Over Time and Why Is It More Common in Infants of Young Mothers?
Authors: Smith‐Webb Rashida S. , Langlois Peter H. , Shaw Gary M. , Moore Cynthia A. , Canfield Mark A. , Petersen Julie M. , Werler Martha M. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: February 2025

Background

Although many factors are associated with gastroschisis risk, studies have not systematically explored whether they account for its increasing frequency over the past decades or its inverse association with maternal age. We examined whether previously reported risk factors for gastroschisis from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) explain the association with increasing temporal prevalence or young maternal age.

Methods

Using data from the NBDPS (1997–2011), crude odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for birth years 2005–2011 versus 1997–2004 and maternal age < 25 versus 25+ years. We then adjusted for 16 factors separately with logistic regression (paternal age, interpregnancy interval, parity, alcohol, cigarettes, illicit drugs, oral contraceptives, cold/flu with fever, genitourinary infection, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, diet quality, prepregnancy body mass index, parental race and ethnicity, language spoken at home, years lived in the United States, and household income).

Results

The birth year OR (1.28; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.44) was attenuated by 16% after adjustment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure (OR 1.08; 95 CI: 0.92, 1.26). The young maternal age OR (7.76; 95% CI: 6.71, 8.97) was attenuated by 30% after adjustment for paternal age (OR 5.43; 95% CI: 4.55, 6.48) and separately for interpregnancy interval (OR 5.45; 95% CI: 4.43, 6.69).

Conclusion

Some evidence suggests that risk factors for gastroschisis account for small amounts of the time trend and maternal age associations. However, it remains unclear what factors underlie the complete calendar time or maternal age associations.
Stay abreast of regulatory changes initiated by 2nd Trump administration, new Congress
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: February 2025

With campaign rhetoric now in the rear‐view mirror, higher education administrators are assessing the impact of the change in executive branch leadership and a new Congress resulting from the November 2024 election. To some degree, we’re all trying to read the tea leaves to assess where changes will be most significant. Ultimately, administrators will need to stay tuned to initiatives making their way through the federal government either through federal regulatory developments, executive branch nonregulatory guidance, and legislative action. At the same time, administrators must keep in mind that state laws will impact some of the legal obligations and constraints applicable to institutions of higher education.
Crestal approach for repair of oroantral bone defects and subsequent implant placement
Authors: Yang Min , Ting Miriam , Neiva Rodrigo , Korostoff Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Background

Oroantral communication (OAC) can occur after a dental extraction. Occasionally, bony defects may persist despite successful soft tissue closure of the OAC. The absence of bone in these areas poses challenges for dental implant placement. This report describes a novel approach of vertical sinus elevation through the oroantral bony defect to address such scenarios.

Methods

A 36‐year‐old male (Patient 1) and a 62‐year‐old female (Patient 2) presented with OACs in the first maxillary molar region. Vertical sinus elevation was achieved through the existing defect. This was followed by placement of corticocancellous bone allograft mixed with platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) in the space surrounded by the elevated sinus membrane that was then covered with a resorbable collagen membrane. Implants were placed 9 and 6 months after the sinus lift in Patient 1 and Patient 2, respectively.

Results

In both cases, substantial radiographic bone fill of the oroantral bony defect was achieved allowing successful placement of dental implants. Following insertion of final restorations, the patients were satisfied with the esthetic outcomes and reported improved oral function.

Conclusions

Vertical sinus elevation through residual bony oroantral defects in conjunction with placement of bone allograft mixed with PRF yields sufficient alveolar bone for subsequent placement of dental implants.

Plain Language Summary

Bone defects secondary to oroantral communications resulting from dental extractions may persist despite successful soft tissue closure. Such oroantral communication (OAC) pose challenges for dental implant placement. This report describes a technique for repairing oroantral bony defects and subsequent placement of dental implants. Two patients presented with OACs in the first maxillary molar region. Vertical sinus elevation with corticocancellous bone allograft and platelet‐rich fibrin, was achieved through the existing defect. Substantial radiographic bone fill of the oroantral bony defect was achieved and implants with final restorations were subsequently placed.

Key points

Elevation of the sinus membrane through an existing crestal defect resulting from an OAC allows the clinician to successfully elevated the sinus membrane for bone augmentation allowing eventual placement of an implant.

The approach allows the clinician to achieve this goal without preparing a second window through a more invasive lateral approach.
On the (Im)possible Interplays Between Natural and Magnetic Optical Activity in Chiral Samples
Authors: Zinna Francesco
Published: February 2025

The simultaneous presence of natural and magnetic optical activity in chiral samples is a very interesting occurrence, but it may lead to incorrect data interpretation if appropriate care is not taken. Moving from simple but general principles, here we show which effects are possible and which are not in such cases.
Helfer, die in die Hölle führen können: Von Opium zu Fentanyl
Authors: Strey Karsten
Published: February 2025

Opium ist die erste vielseitig wirksame Arznei der Menschheitsgeschichte. Die Verbesserung chemischer Methoden führte zuerst zur Isolierung des heute noch häufig verwendeten Morphin und zur Darstellung vieler halbsynthetischer Opiate, die viel stärker wirken als Morphin. Daneben gelang im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts die Herstellung vollsynthetischer Opioide wie dem Fentanyl, die noch deutlich potenter sind als alle bisherigen Morphinderivate. Die leichtfertige massenhafte Verordnung des über 100 Jahre alten Oxycodons führte seit den 1990er Jahren zu einer schweren Opioidkrise mit inzwischen jährlich über 100.000 Drogentoten in den USA. Fentanyl und weitere Derivate haben die Drogenmisere weiter verschärft. Weder ist es gelungen, ein Opioid ohne Suchtgefahr herzustellen, noch ist eine Lösung der Drogenkriminalität absehbar.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of ortho‐Alkenyl Iodobenzenes for the Construction of 3‐Arylindenones
Authors: Qian Minxiu , Yao Lingyun , Li Zhi , Shao Xusheng , Wang Quannan , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive Summary

We developed a novel Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation of ortho‐alkenyl iodobenzenes with CO, affording a diverse array of 3‐arylindenones in good to excellent yields (up to 94% yield). This methodology exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. The synthetic utility was demonstrated by a gram‐scale reaction, diverse product derivatizations, and the preparation of an intermediate for a PPARγ agonist.
Greener Microplastics Removal: Progressive Replacement of Iron‐Based Coagulants with Sodium Alginate and Chitosan to Enhance Sustainability
Authors: Facchino Marco , Pietrelli Loris , Menegoni Patrizia , Capocelli Mauro , Limiti Emanuele , Trombetta Marcella , Basoli Francesco , De Falco Marcello
Published: February 2025

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) currently represent one of the main sources for microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants entering the environment. Coagulation is a longstanding and cost‐effective process designed to enhance the removal of colloidal particles and proved to be efficient in the abatement of MPs. The present study investigates the feasibility of a progressive replacement of ferric chloride (FeCl3) with chitosan (CT) and sodium alginate (SA), starting from their use as coagulant aids. Coagulations tests were carried out to assess the performance of FeCl3‐CT and FeCl3‐SA systems in the removal of polystyrene (PS) microbeads, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments with sizes lower than 500 μm. Results from experiments have shown that both CT and SA are useful to enhance the removal performance of conventional coagulation by improving the settling characteristics of flocs. The use of CT allows a reduction of coagulant dosage for removing PS and PE particles, while it turned out to be detrimental for the removal of PET fragments. Instead, SA at a concentration of 0.2 mg L‐1 proved to be useful both to achieve higher removal rate at a medium dosage of coagulant and to improve the efficiency of the process at lower dosages
Suppressed Nonradiative Recombination in 2D Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide (rGO)‐Wrapped 3D MoS2 Microflower
Authors: Nandi Pronoy , Majumder Sumit , Roy Abhijit , Topwal Dinesh
Published: February 2025

We present a comprehensive study on the synthesis and characterization of 2D reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) encapsulated 3D Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanocomposites, a promising semiconductor material with applications spanning electronic and optoelectronic domains. Through a facile two‐step chemical synthesis, we successfully fabricated both pristine MoS2 (denoted as S1) and MoS2‐rGO composites (termed as S2), yielding distinctive flower‐like microspheres comprised of folded nanosheets. Our temperature‐dependent PL investigations unveiled pronounced mid‐gap emission peaks within the UV (380‐468 nm) and visible (490‐550 nm) regions, indicative of excitonic behavior. Notably, the S2 composite exhibited enhanced PL intensity and extended carrier lifetimes across all studied temperatures, attributed to effective suppression of surface states via d‐electron hopping. Complementary high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses further corroborated the presence of surface defects and d‐electron hopping mechanisms, elucidating their pivotal roles in enhancing PL emission characteristics. This study offers valuable insights into the fundamental properties of MoS2‐rGO nanocomposites, paving the way for tailored device design and applications.
A Cross‐Cultural Perspective About the Ripple Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Internal Brand Commitment Through Corporate Reputation
Authors: Junça‐Silva Ana , Guilherme Micaela
Published: February 2025

This study, grounded in social identity theory, aimed to examine the mediating role of corporate reputation in the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and internal brand commitment. Additionally, it sought to investigate whether individualistic versus collectivistic cultural orientations moderate this indirect relationship. This research consisted of two complementary studies. The first study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews to explore employees' perceptions of CSR practices (N = 14). The second study adopted a quantitative approach, using an online survey to collect data from 506 participants distributed across Portugal (a collectivistic culture) and France, Italy, and Spain (characterized as individualistic cultures). The findings from the first study revealed that employees perceive CSR practices as enhancing an organization's reputation. Additionally, these practices are seen as positively influencing employees' performance, job satisfaction, and commitment by boosting their morale and strengthening their sense of organizational identification. The results from the second study showed that CSR improved employees' internal brand commitment through increases in corporate reputation. It also demonstrated that the degree of individualism or collectivism affected how employees perceived the organization's reputation and influenced their internal brand commitment. Finally, it was also shown that national culture moderated the indirect effect of CSR on internal brand commitment through corporate reputation, in such a way, that this relationship was stronger in collectivistic countries (versus individualistic). The present study contributes to reinforcing the importance of adapting CSR initiatives to the national culture, as a strategy to improve employees' commitment toward their brand.
A Novel Modular Expandable Multilevel Converter
Authors: Gao Shuai , Jiang Zhenyu , Pang Fukuan , Zhao Sixiang
Published: February 2025

Multilevel converters are widely used because of low harmonic content, low switching loss, and low electromagnetic interference. However, when the output voltage level of the traditional multilevel converter is high, it needs many power semiconductors and the control is complicated. In order to solve this problem, a new type of expandable multilevel converter is proposed in this brief. It can achieve same number of output levels with a low switch count, and the topology can be changed to adjust the output of different numbers of voltage levels. Furthermore, the one‐dimensional space vector modulation strategy for the proposed topology is designed to generate switching pulses, which significantly simplify the control burden. Finally, the experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
An Important Springboard Toward Establishing Diagnostic Connection Between Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Pediatric Feeding Disorder
Authors: Sharp William G. , Pederson Jaclyn L.
Published: February 2025

Diagnostic ambiguity has surrounded the two primary diagnoses for dysfunctional feeding and eating in pediatric populations—that is, pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Recent expert consensus emphasized the need for diagnostic refinement to enhance understanding and improve clinical and research activities for both conditions. With the proposed revision of ARFID, Zickgraf and colleagues provide a research grounded springboard for beginning the revision process. The proposal centers upon a new Criterion A that emphasizes ARFID as a disorder driven by a negative, temporally proximate association with eating/food involving three distinct, yet potentially co‐occurring responses of disgust/distaste, anhedonia/uncomfortable fullness, and acute fear/panic. In this commentary, we consider the potential benefits of the proposed framework from the PFD perspective and identify three additional areas—DSM text revisions, benefits of a shared feeding and eating disorder diagnosis, and a call for education and advocacy to complement future revisions—for further consideration during work to improve PFD and ARFID diagnostic systems.
Efficacy of Tirzepatide Dual GIP/GLP‐1 Receptor Agonist in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. A Real‐World Propensity Score‐Matched Study
Authors: Azzam Ahmed Y. , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Farkas Nathan , Azab Mohammed A. , Morsy Mahmoud M. , Elamin Osman , Elswedy Adam , Al Zomia Ahmed Saad , Alotaibi Hammam A. , Alamoud Ahmed , Atallah Oday , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Baker Amanda , Khatri Deepak , Haranhalli Neil , Altschul David J.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), predominantly affecting obese women of reproductive age. While GLP‐1 receptor agonists have shown promise in IIH management, the potential of dual GIP/GLP‐1 receptor activation through tirzepatide remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate tirzepatide's efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in IIH management.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the TriNetX Global Health Research Network, analysing data through November 2024. Through propensity score matching, we compared 193 tirzepatide‐exposed IIH patients with 193 controls receiving standard care. Primary outcomes included papilledema severity, visual function, headache frequency, and treatment resistance, monitored at multiple follow‐up timepoints.

Results

Our analysis revealed significant improvements across all measured outcomes in the tirzepatide group. At 24 months, we observed a 68% reduction in papilledema risk (RR 0.320, 95% CI 0.189–0.542, p < 0.001), a 73.9% reduction in visual disturbance and blindness risk (RR 0.261, 95% CI 0.143–0.477, p < 0.001), and a 19.7% reduction in headache risk (RR 0.803, 95% CI 0.668–0.966, p = 0.019). The tirzepatide group demonstrated significant body‐mass index reductions, reaching −1.147 kg/m2 (95% CI [−1.415, −0.879], p < 0.001) at 24 months compared to controls.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that tirzepatide, when used as an adjunctive therapy, provides significant therapeutic benefits in IIH management, particularly in improving papilledema and visual outcomes. Our findings suggest that dual GIP/GLP‐1 receptor activation may offer advantages over traditional single‐receptor therapies, potentially through enhanced metabolic regulation and direct effects on ICP dynamics.
The Performance Demands and Technical Determinants for Tackle and Ruck Success During the Pool and Knockout Stages of the Men's International World Rugby Sevens Series
Authors: de Klerk Fanie , Jones Ben , Maree Willie , Hendricks Sharief
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to compare tackle and ruck frequencies between pool and knockout matches during the Men's International World Rugby Sevens Series and also determine which technical determinants increase the likelihood of tackle success within each stage of the tournament. Video analysis of all matches during the 2018/2019 International Men's Rugby Sevens World Series was conducted (n = 449 matches). This equated to 21226 tackle contact events and 6345 rucks events. Each tackle event was further coded for tackle descriptors (type of tackle, direction of contact and point of body contact) and tackle outcomes (successful and unsuccessful). No differences were found between the mean tackles per match of pool and knockout stages (pool 47.5, 95% CI 46.5–48.6 vs. knockout 46.9, 95% CI 45.7–48.0). There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean rucks per match between pool and knockout stages (pool 14.8, 95% CI 14.2–15.4 vs. knockout 13.3, 95% CI 12.7–13.9). In conclusion, tackle frequencies per match remained consistent across the series and between the different competition stages and match halves. Ruck frequencies on the other hand decreased from the first tournament to latter parts of the series, and fewer rucks were observed in the knockout stage of the tournaments. The frequency and higher likelihood of tackle success for arm tackles in Sevens highlights a unique demand of Sevens, which strengthens the argument for Sevens‐specific tackle training and coaching.
Distinguishing the effects of vegetation characteristics on soil erosion process on the loess plateau of China
Authors: Wang Jian Fang , Yang Yan Fen , Wang Bing , Liu Guo Bin
Published: February 2025

Vegetation restoration significantly decreases soil erosion. Although runoff shear stress is not divided into grain and form shear stresses, the dynamic mechanisms of soil erosion remain unclear. To explore the dynamic mechanisms of soil erosion, two herbaceous plants, namely, Bothriochloa ischcemum (Linn.). Keng (BI) and Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Bess (AG), were planted at six planting densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 plants m−2 to obtain different vegetation characteristics. A simulated rainfall experiment (rainfall intensity of 1 mm min−1) was conducted on runoff plots (length and width of 2.0 and 0.5 m, respectively), and the flow velocity, runoff rate and soil loss rate were measured. The results showed that the grain and form shear stresses ranged from 0.04 to 0.16 and 1.40 to 3.88 Pa under six planting densities, respectively. Grain shear stress decreased with planting density in both BI and AG grasslands. The form shear stress exhibited a greater magnitude in BI grasslands at a lower planting density, whereas in AG grasslands, the highest form shear stress was observed at a planting density of 20 plants m−2. Vegetation can significantly reduce soil loss. Compared with that in bare soil, soil loss amount in the BI and AG grasslands were 68.08 to 95.08% lower. The reduction in soil loss amount was enhanced by the increased planting density. The BI grasslands were more effective in reducing soil loss than the AG grasslands. The amount of soil loss was mainly influenced by the interaction between vegetation and runoff characteristics, which explained the majority of variation (49.48%). The total soil loss increased with increasing grain shear stress and decreased with increasing vegetation coverage, root collar area and soil organic matter as a power function. With increasing total runoff, total soil loss increased linearly. Finally, the amount of soil loss was simulated using the grain shear stress, root collar area, soil organic matter and total runoff. The performance of the model used in this study was satisfactory.
Reduction of CO2 emissions in tunnelling based on life cycle assessment
Authors: Hauzinger Elisabeth , Schiefer Daniel , Galler Robert
Published: February 2025

Major tunnelling projects, like the extension of corridors for railway lines or the construction of large underground research facilities, are flagships in the European civil engineering industry. In order to deal with matters of sustainability and material management, as much of the generated excavation material must be reused – preferably directly on the construction site to avoid CO2 emissions from long transport routes. While tools for quantifying the process‐relevant carbon footprint are already available in other industry sectors, there is still no generally recognized method in the civil engineering and tunnelling industry, as every construction site has its own unique requirements. To find the best utilization option with the lowest possible carbon footprint, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted, where the whole process is divided into three steps: use of construction equipment, transport, and landfilling/recycling of the excavation material. Finally, a ‘reference scenario’ for each process is determined and compared with optimized scenarios to calculate the potential of saved emissions.
From geology to site decision: Potential for underground heat storage in Graz
Authors: Kaml Georg , Schreilechner Marcellus G. , Marcher Thomas
Published: February 2025

The use of cavern thermal energy storage (CTES) systems offers a promising solution for the long‐term storage of thermal energy, especially excess heat from industrial processes, contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions. In the case of Graz, the potential of this technology is examined with a focus on geological, hydrogeological, and rock mechanical criteria. Geological analyses identify solid rock formations, particularly carbonates and crystalline rocks in the western and north‐western areas of the city, as suitable storage sites. Challenges such as the distance to district heating networks and the risk of karst phenomena were considered, with the Karolinensteinbruch site being recommended as particularly suitable. Conceptual storage designs focus on modular and expandable geometries to adapt to the fluctuating urban energy demand. The results indicate that CTES is a feasible solution for Graz, although further investigations, such as detailed analyses of geotechnical and geological properties, are necessary to ensure its successful implementation.
Electrical Conductivity as a Tracer for Seasonal Reverse Flow and Transport of Trace Organic Contaminants in River Spree
Authors: Reith Christoph J. , Lewandowski Jörg , Putschew Anke , Goldhammer Tobias , Filter Josefine , Spahr Stephanie
Published: February 2025

Climate change, population growth, urbanisation and water pollution will exacerbate the closely linked challenges of water quantity and water quality. The River Spree in Berlin, Germany, experiences recurrent low flow conditions in summer with seasonal flow reversals in certain sections of the river. This reverse flow leads to the transport of treated wastewater to upstream sections of River Spree and possibly to the introduction of treated wastewater into Lake Müggelsee, which is located upstream of the city centre and important for drinking water production via bank filtration in Berlin. A better understanding of the flow and contaminant dynamics in River Spree is required, but field data on the reverse flow are still lacking. In 2022 and 2023, we collected surface water samples to quantify major ions and trace organic contaminants. Over a period of nine months in 2023, we also measured the specific electrical conductivity at six locations with a temporal resolution of five minutes. During summer, the specific electrical conductivity increased at the sampling locations in River Spree upstream of the mouth of the wastewater‐impaired River Erpe. The specific electrical conductivity proved to be an indicative parameter for the seasonal dynamics of reverse flow periods. During reverse flow, we observed increased concentrations of wastewater‐derived trace organic contaminants, many of which correlated positively with the specific electrical conductivity. Strong differences in the reverse flow intensity between 2022 and 2023 indicate that both precipitation and discharge of the River Spree upstream of Lake Müggelsee have a strong influence on the reverse flow. This study demonstrates the applicability of easy‐to‐measure specific electrical conductivity as a proxy for hydrological conditions and chemical water quality.