bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome de burnout em profissionais do serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência Burnout Syndrome in urgency mobile service professionals
Authors: Luz Laiana Maria , Barbosa Torres Rhanna Ravena , Sarmento Karen Mickaele Vale de Queiroga , Sales Joana Maria Rocha , Farias Karliana Nascimento , Marques Marilia Braga
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, transversal e quantitativa, da qual participaram 32 profissionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Inventário Maslach de Burnout e analisados no SPSS for Windows. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob CAAE n° 0040.0.045.000-11. Resultados: para a equipe como um todo, houve escores altos para Desgaste Emocional (28,1%) Despersonalização (21,9%) e Incompetência Profissional (28,1%) (escore reverso). Na equipe médica, o Desgaste Emocional e Despersonalização foram maiores quando comparado a equipe de enfermagem; e em Incompetência Profissional os escores foram mais elevados para os técnicos de enfermagem. Conclusão: a produção de maior conhecimento sobre a temática pode contribuir no cotidiano destes profissionais, visto que a síndrome manifestou-se entre os profissionais do presente estudo. Descritores: Saúde do Trabalhador, Esgotamento Profissional, Serviços Médicos de Emergência.
Pós-operatório em cirurgia cardíaca: refletindo sobre o cuidado de enfermagem Postoperative in cardiac surgery: reflecting about nursing care
Authors: Barretta Jeana Cristina , De Auda Jéssica Maria , Antoniolli Daiane , Barancelli Marcia Domênica Cunico
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer os cuidados de enfermagem ao paciente pós-operatório de cirúrgica cardíaca, com ou sem circulação extracorpórea. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada na base de dados BIREME e Scielo. Resultados: A maioria dos artigos científicos, foi desenvolvida por profissionais de enfermagem, 7 (60%), seguidos por desenvolvimento do profissional médico com 5 (40%) artigos científicos. Observa-se que a maioria dos artigos científicos foi publicada em 2012, por profissionais de Enfermagem, desenvolvidas com analise quantitativa e qualitativa. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a sistematização de assistência de enfermagem é de extrema importância desde o período pré-operatório até pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca e dentre os meios de alternativos para recuperação de dano cardiovascular, o procedimento com circulação extracorpórea, embora acarrete algumas complicações, ainda é o mais efetivo.  Descritores: Cirurgia Cardíaca, Cuidado, Enfermagem.
Dimensões qualificadoras para a comunicação de notícias difíceis na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal Dimensions qualifying for communication of difficult news in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Cabeça Luciana Palacio Fernandes , De Sousa Francisca Georgina Macedo
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Compreender dimensões qualificadoras para a comunicação de notícias difíceis em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: Estudo exploratório descritivo, qualitativo apoiado pela Análise Temática. Foram sujeitos de pesquisa 10 mães de recém-nascidos e 14 profissionais da terapia intensiva neonatal. Resultados: A utilização de estratégias auxiliadoras no/para a comunicação das notícias difíceis na UTIN foram reveladas nas falas dos participantes da investigação como facilitadoras para o processo de interação entre profissionais, mães e famílias, permitindo nesse tipo de comunicação, reduzir o sofrimento dos envolvidos, favorecer apoio e suporte à mãe e à família e ampliar segurança para ultrapassar dificuldades e desafios. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem competências relacionais, interpessoais e comunicacionais a partir de uma perspectiva ampliada do cuidado que ultrapassa a dimensão técnica e tecnológica tão prevalentes em terapia intensiva.Descritores: Enfermagem. Comunicação. Notícias difíceis. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.
Conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos de agentes comunitários de saúde de Ijuí/RS Knowledge on medicinal plants and herbal medicines by community health agents of Ijuí/RS
Authors: Schiavo Morgana , Schwambach Karin Hepp , Colet Christiane de Fátima
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos por Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) em uma ESF do Município de Ijuí/RS. Método: estudo transversal, quanti-qualitativo, com 13 ACS. A coleta de dados ocorreu em abril de 2014, e a análise de dados quantitativos foi feita através de estatística descritiva. Já os dados qualitativos foram apresentados através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo.Resultados: o principal entendimento dos ACS sobre fitoterapia está relacionado ao uso de plantas medicinais. Todos concordam com a disponibilização de plantas e fitoterápicos no SUS, e prestam informações quanto ao modo de preparo e armazenamento das plantas.  Também acreditam que o uso incorreto de plantas pode causar riscos à saúde.Conclusão: existe uma lacuna de conhecimento a respeito da fitoterapia pelos ACS. A fitoterapia pode e deve ser considerada como um campo de interação de saberes e práticas que valoriza e considera os recursos culturais, práticas e saberes locais, com o envolvimento dos profissionais da equipe de saúde.
Midlatitude land surface temperature impacts the timing and structure of glacial maxima
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth K. , Clemens Steven C. , Sun Youbin , Huang Yongsong , Prell Warren , Chen Guangshan , Liu Zhengyu , Loomis Shannon
Published: January 2017

Orbitally modulated insolation is thought to be among the key mechanisms driving ice sheet change. Yet, late Pleistocene ice sheets attained maximum marginal extents prior to summer insolation minima, suggesting that additional mechanisms influenced ice growth and decay. Continuous orbital‐scale terrestrial temperature records can help define the role that temperature near ice sheet margins plays on the timing and structure of glacial maxima. We hypothesize, based on a 360 kyr long air temperature record from the Chinese Loess Plateau and shorter records from North America and Europe, that midlatitude terrestrial temperature influenced the rate of ice sheet growth prior to and during glacial maxima; cold conditions prior to glacial maxima enhanced ice sheet growth, while warming during glacial maxima inhibited further growth, despite low summer insolation. Thus, the midlatitude surface energy budget may be an important component of understanding and modeling ice volume, particularly for intervals prior to and during glacial maxima, when ice sheet margins reached midlatitudes.
Observed cold filaments associated with mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Jiaxun , Wang Guihua , Zhai Xiaoming
Published: January 2017

Unusual cold filaments are uncovered during the spring intermonsoon season in the South China Sea (SCS) using a suite of satellite observations. They have a width of about 100 km on average and extend several hundreds of kilometers offshore on the sea surface, providing significant cross‐shelf transport of heat and nutrients. The eastward current associated with mesoscale eddies in spring in the western SCS found to play an important role in the filament formation by advecting coastal cold waters far offshore. The meridional location of the cold filament displays considerable interannual variability ranging between 9°N and 18°N, which can be attributed to the interannual south‐north shift of the eastward current associated with eddies. It is also found that in the spring, cold filaments have profound effects on the chlorophyll a concentration in the upper ocean as well as the overlying atmosphere. These findings provide new insights into the role of eddies in cross‐shelf exchange and mesoscale air‐sea interaction in the marginal seas.
Atomistic Modeling‐Based Design of Novel Materials
Authors: Holec David , Zhou Liangcai , Riedl Helmut , Koller Christian M. , Mayrhofer Paul H. , Friák Martin , Šob Mojmír , Körmann Fritz , Neugebauer Jörg , Music Denis , Hartmann Markus A. , Fischer Franz D.
Published: January 2017

Modern materials science increasingly advances via a knowledge‐based development rather than a trial‐and‐error procedure. Gathering large amounts of data and getting deep understanding of non‐trivial relationships between synthesis of materials, their structure and properties is experimentally a tedious work. Here, theoretical modeling plays a vital role. In this review paper we briefly introduce modeling approaches employed in materials science, their principles and fields of application. We then focus on atomistic modeling methods, mostly quantum mechanical ones but also Monte Carlo and classical molecular dynamics, to demonstrate their practical use on selected examples.
A geometric framework for monitoring and fault detection for periodic processes
Authors: Wang Ray , Edgar Thomas F. , Baldea Michael
Published: January 2017

Although cyclical operation systems are relatively widespread in practice (notably in the realm of physical separations, for example, pressure‐swing adsorption and chromatography), the development of specific fault detection mechanisms has received little attention compared to the extensive efforts dedicated to continuous or batch processes. Here, a novel geometric approach for process fault detection is proposed. Specifically, a time‐explicit multivariable representation of data collected from the process, which provides a natural framework for defining “normal” operation and the corresponding confidence regions is developed. On this basis, a two‐step fault detection approach is proposed, based on detecting intercycle variations to locate a faulty cycle, and intracycle changes to determine the exact timing of a fault. The theoretical developments are illustrated with two simulation case studies. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2719–2730, 2017
GXXXG‐Mediated Parallel and Antiparallel Dimerization of Transmembrane Helices and Its Inhibition by Cholesterol: Single‐Pair FRET and 2D IR Studies
Authors: Yano Yoshiaki , Kondo Kotaro , Watanabe Yuta , Zhang Tianqi O. , Ho Jia‐Jung , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Zanni Martin T. , Matsuzaki Katsumi
Published: January 2017

Small‐residue‐mediated interhelical packings are ubiquitously found in helical membrane proteins, although their interaction dynamics and lipid dependence remain mostly uncharacterized. We used a single‐pair FRET technique to examine the effect of a GXXXG motif on the association of de novo designed (AALALAA)3 helices in liposomes. Dimerization occurred with sub‐second lifetimes, which was abolished by cholesterol. Utilizing the nearly instantaneous time‐resolution of 2D IR spectroscopy, parallel and antiparallel helix associations were identified by vibrational couplings across helices at their interface. Taken together, the data illustrate that the GXXXG motif controls helix packing but still allows for a dynamic and lipid‐regulated oligomeric state.
Macromolecular Design Strategies for Preventing Active‐Material Crossover in Non‐Aqueous All‐Organic Redox‐Flow Batteries
Authors: Doris Sean E. , Ward Ashleigh L. , Baskin Artem , Frischmann Peter D. , Gavvalapalli Nagarjuna , Chénard Etienne , Sevov Christo S. , Prendergast David , Moore Jeffrey S. , Helms Brett A.
Published: January 2017

Intermittent energy sources, including solar and wind, require scalable, low‐cost, multi‐hour energy storage solutions in order to be effectively incorporated into the grid. All‐Organic non‐aqueous redox‐flow batteries offer a solution, but suffer from rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency due to the high permeability of redox‐active species across the battery's membrane. Here we show that active‐species crossover is arrested by scaling the membrane's pore size to molecular dimensions and in turn increasing the size of the active material above the membrane's pore‐size exclusion limit. When oligomeric redox‐active organics (RAOs) were paired with microporous polymer membranes, the rate of active‐material crossover was reduced more than 9000‐fold compared to traditional separators at minimal cost to ionic conductivity. This corresponds to an absolute rate of RAO crossover of less than 3 μmol cm−2 day−1 (for a 1.0 m concentration gradient), which exceeds performance targets recently set forth by the battery industry. This strategy was generalizable to both high and low‐potential RAOs in a variety of non‐aqueous electrolytes, highlighting the versatility of macromolecular design in implementing next‐generation redox‐flow batteries.
Hydrodehalogenation of Haloarenes by a Sodium Hydride–Iodide Composite
Authors: Ong Derek Yiren , Tejo Ciputra , Xu Kai , Hirao Hajime , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: January 2017

A simple protocol for hydrodebromination and ‐deiodination of halo(hetero)arenes was enabled by sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of lithium iodide (LiI). Mechanistic studies showed that an unusual concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution operates in the present process.
Controlling Irregular Migration in the Asia‐Pacific: Is Australia Acting against its Own Interests?
Authors: Larking Emma
Published: January 2017

Australia invests heavily throughout the Asia‐Pacific region in mechanisms to control irregular people movements. Information has been leaked about conditions in the notorious detention centres on Nauru and Manus Island, and aspects of the Bali Process are well known and publicised, but the nature and extent of much of Australia's investment have not been widely aired or scrutinised. This article canvasses the range of Australia's engagement in irregular migration controls and discusses how policies initiated by it have influenced policies developed by other countries. The article considers the implications of Australia's irregular migration control efforts in the context of other forms of regional engagement. It points to inconsistency between Australia's irregular migration regime and other law and justice programs. It also considers the impact of the irregular migration regime on regional relationships and stability, and for the rule of law.
Efficient Deep‐Blue Electroluminescence Based on Phenanthroimidazole‐Dibenzothiophene Derivatives with Different Oxidation States of the Sulfur Atom
Authors: Tang Xiangyang , Shan Tong , Bai Qing , Ma Hongwei , He Xin , Lu Ping
Published: January 2017

Developing efficient deep‐blue materials is a long‐term research focus in the field of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this paper, we report two deep‐blue molecules, PITO and PISF, which share similar chemical structures but exhibit different photophysical and device properties. These two molecules consist of phenanthroimidazole and dibenzothiophene analogs. The distinction of their chemical structures lies in the different oxidation states of the S atom. For PITO, the S atom is oxidized and the resulting structure dibenzothiophene S,S‐dioxide becomes electron deficient. Therefore, PITO displays remarkable solvatochromism, implying a charge‐transfer (CT) excited state formed between the donor (D) phenanthroimidazole and acceptor (A) dibenzothiophene S,S‐dioxide. For PISF, it is constituted of phenanthroimidazole and dibenzothiophene in which the S atom is not oxidized. PISF displays locally excited (LE) emission with little solvatochromism. Compared with PISF, the D–A molecule PITO with an electron‐deficient group shows a much lower LUMO energy level, which is in favor of electron injection in device. In addition, PITO exhibits more balanced carrier transport. However, PISF is capable of emitting in the shorter wavelength region, which is beneficial to obtain better color purity. The doped electroluminescence (EL) device of the D–A molecule PITO manifests deep‐blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08) and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.67 %. The doped EL device of the LE molecule PISF, however, reveals an even bluer emission with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) and a maximum EQE of 4.08 %.
Sensitizers for Aqueous‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Li Chun‐Ting , Lin Ryan Yeh‐Yung , Lin Jiann T.
Published: January 2017

Aqueous dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are attractive due to their sustainability, the use of water as a safe solvent for the redox mediators, and their possible applications in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the higher tendency of dye leaching by water and the lower wettability of dye molecules are two major obstacles that need to be tackled for future applications of aqueous DSSCs. Sensitizers designed for aqueous DSSCs are discussed based on their functions, such as modification of the molecular skeleton and the anchoring group for better stability against dye leaching by water, and the incorporation of hydrophilic entities into the dye molecule or the addition of a surfactant to the system to increase the wettability of the dye for more facile dye regeneration. Surface treatment of the photoanode to deter dye leaching or improve the wettability of the dye molecule is also discussed. Redox mediators designed for aqueous DSSCs are also discussed. The review also includes quantum‐dot‐sensitized solar cells, with a focus on improvements in QD loading and suppression of interfacial charge recombination at the photoanode.
Adverse and beneficial effects in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells following radiofrequency exposure
Authors: Sannino Anna , Zeni Olga , Romeo Stefania , Massa Rita , Scarfi Maria Rosaria
Published: January 2017

In this study, the effect of radiofrequency (RF) exposure to 1950 MHz, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System signal, was investigated in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (V79). Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 20‐h exposure at specific absorption rate (SAR) values from 0.15 W/kg to 1.25 W/kg were measured by means of cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (MN) assay. Exposure was carried out blinded under strictly controlled conditions of dosimetry and temperature. The effect of RF exposure alone at four SAR values was tested, that is, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.25 W/kg. A statistically significant increase in MN frequency was found in cultures exposed to 0.15 and 0.3 W/kg (P < 0.05) compared to sham‐exposed ones, in the absence of cytotoxicity. SAR values of 0.6 and 1.25 W/kg did not exert any effect. Moreover, to evaluate the ability of RF to exert protective effects with respect to a chemical mutagen, cell cultures were also pre‐exposed for 20 h at 0.3 or 1.25 W/kg, and then treated with 500 ng/ml of mitomycin‐C (MMC). A significant reduction in the frequency of MN was detected in cultures pre‐exposed to 1.25 W/kg compared to cultures treated with MMC alone (P < 0.05), indicating induction of adaptive response. Such a decrease was not induced by pre‐exposure at 0.3 W/kg SAR. Taken together, our results indicated that V79 is a sensitive cell model to evidence either adverse or beneficial effects of RF exposure, depending on experimental conditions applied. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:245–254, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights into the interaction of methotrexate and human serum albumin: A spectroscopic and molecular modeling approach
Authors: Cheng Li‐Yang , Fang Min , Bai Ai‐Min , Ouyang Yu , Hu Yan‐Jun
Published: January 2017

In this study, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling approaches were employed to investigate the binding of methotrexate to human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions. From the mechanism, it was demonstrated that fluorescence quenching of HSA by methotrexate results from the formation of a methotrexate/HSA complex. Binding parameters calculated using the Stern–Volmer method and the Scatchard method showed that methotrexate binds to HSA with binding affinities in the order 104 L·mol−1. Thermodynamic parameter studies revealed that the binding reaction is spontaneous, and that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions play a major role in the reaction. Site marker competitive displacement experiments and a molecular modeling approach demonstrated that methotrexate binds with appropriate affinity to site I (subdomain IIA) of HSA. Furthermore, we discuss some factors that influence methotrexate binding to HSA.
Hydrocarbon‐stapled lipopeptides exhibit selective antimicrobial activity
Authors: Jenner Zachary B. , Crittenden Christopher M. , Gonzalez Martín , Brodbelt Jennifer S. , Bruns Kerry A.
Published: January 2017

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) occur widely in nature and have been studied for their therapeutic potential. AMPs are of interest due to the large number of possible chemical structural combinations using natural and unnatural amino acids, with varying effects on their biological activities. Using physicochemical properties from known naturally occurring amphipathic cationic AMPs, several hydrocarbon‐stapled lipopeptides (HSLPs) were designed, synthesized, and tested for antimicrobial properties. Peptides were chemically modified by N‐terminal acylation, C‐terminal amidation, and some were hydrocarbon stapled by intramolecular olefin metathesis. The effects of peptide length, amphipathic character, and stapling on antimicrobial activity were tested against Escherichia coli, three species of Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, and Enterococcus faecalis), and two strains of Candida albicans. Peptides were shown to disrupt liposomes of different phospholipid composition, as measured by leakage of a fluorescent compound from vesicles. Peptides with (S)−2‐(4′‐pentenyl)‐alanine substituted for l‐alanine in a reference peptide showed a marked increase in antimicrobial activity, hemolysis, and membrane disruption. Stapled peptides exhibited slightly higher antimicrobial potency; those with greatest hydrophobic character showed the greatest hemolysis and liposome leakage, but lower antimicrobial activity. The results support a model of HSLPs as membrane‐disruptive AMPs with potent antimicrobial activity and relatively low hemolytic potential at biologically active peptide concentrations.
Randomized clinical trial of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis
Authors: Kleif J , Kirkegaard A , Vilandt J , Gögenur I
Published: January 2017

Background

Few studies have investigated the effects of preoperative dexamethasone in acute surgical patients. This study examined the effects of 8 mg dexamethasone administered intravenously 30 min before surgery for suspected acute appendicitis.

Methods

A multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted at two university hospitals in Denmark. Adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery for suspected appendicitis were eligible for inclusion. Participants, healthcare staff and investigators were blinded until all data analysis had been done. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during the first postoperative day. Secondary outcomes were pain, fatigue, sleep, opioid consumption, use of antiemetics, quality of recovery and duration of convalescence. Analysis was done according to the intention-to-treat principle.

Results

A total of 120 patients were enrolled; 57 patients in the dexamethasone group and 59 in the placebo group were eligible for primary analysis. In the dexamethasone group, 47 (95 per cent c.i. 35 to 60) per cent of patients experienced PONV compared with 63 (50 to 74) per cent) in the placebo group. The absolute risk reduction in PONV was 15 (–3 to 33) per cent in favour of the dexamethasone group (P = 0·098). Patients in the dexamethasone group had less pain at rest (difference in score on visual analogue scale (VAS) 9 (95 per cent c.i. 1 to 17) mm; P = 0·024), were less fatigued (difference in VAS score 7 (0 to 14) mm; P = 0·038), used fewer opioids (absolute risk reduction 17 (2 to 33) per cent; P = 0·033) and had better quality of recovery (difference in QoR-15 score 13 (4 to 22); P = 0·006) during the first postoperative day. There was no difference in postoperative complications (P = 0·595).

Conclusion

Preoperative dexamethasone did not reduce PONV by the target level of 50 per cent. Registration number: NCT02415335 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Alendronate‐anchored PEGylation of ceria nanoparticles promotes human hepatoma cell proliferation via AKT/ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Cheng Heng , Liao Zhong‐Li , Ning Lin‐Hong , Chen Hong‐Yan , Wei Shan‐Shan , Yang Xiao‐Chao , Guo Hong
Published: January 2017

Previous work has suggested that ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) have regenerative antioxidant properties, which have motivated researchers to consider CNPs as therapeutic agents for treating a number of diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have shown CNPs to be toxic to cancer cells, to inhibit invasion and sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. In addition, several hydrophilic polymers have been used to coat the CNP surface in order to enhance its properties of extensive biocompatibility and systemic nontoxicity to normal cells and tissues. However, the results of previous studies were based on high CNP doses (10 μg/mL or more), and these doses may cause serious side effects in clinical applications. The impact of low CNP doses on tumor cells remains unknown. In this study, we report experiments indicating that CNPs‐AL‐ polyethylene glycol (PEG)600, a type of surface‐modified CNP that is more stable and less toxic than traditional CNPs could promote proliferation of hepatoma cells in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, further research showed that a low dose (0.01 μg/mL) of CNPs‐AL‐PEG600 could reduce hepatoma cell apoptosis and activate AKT/ERK signaling pathways. These results may provide information that is important for using CNPs‐AL‐PEG600 as a therapeutic agent in clinical cancer treatments.
Bio‐orthogonal Fluorescent Labelling of Biopolymers through Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Kozma Eszter , Demeter Orsolya , Kele Péter
Published: January 2017

Bio‐orthogonal labelling schemes based on inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition have attracted much attention in chemical biology recently. The appealing features of this reaction, such as the fast reaction kinetics, fully bio‐orthogonal nature and high selectivity, have helped chemical biologists gain deeper understanding of biochemical processes at the molecular level. Listing the components and discussing the possibilities and limitations of these reagents, we provide a recent snapshot of the field of IEDDA‐based biomolecular manipulation with special focus on fluorescent modulation approaches through the use of bio‐orthogonalized building blocks. At the end, we discuss challenges that need to be addressed for further developments in order to overcome recent limitations and to enable researchers to answer biomolecular questions in more detail.
Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Nitroalkenes through Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donating Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Rao Purna Chandra , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: January 2017

Urea‐derived hydrogen‐bond‐donating (HBD) catalysts are good catalysts for organic transformations. Usually, urea derivatives undergo self‐recognition and aggregation during homogeneous catalytic processes. To avoid this, a new approach involving the incorporation of urea moieties into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) was recently developed. Herein, we synthesized a new porous, zinc‐based MOF by using ureylenic acid that acts as a hydrogen‐bond‐donating catalyst. According to our knowledge, the pores of this MOF are larger than those of other reported HBD‐derived MOFs and, as such, can accommodate large substrates that typically cannot access the pores of other HBD‐based MOFs for the Friedel–Crafts reaction.
High‐Rate Capable Full‐Cell Lithium‐Ion Battery based on a Conversion Anode and an Intercalation Cathode
Authors: Veluri Pavan S. , Mitra Sagar
Published: January 2017

Porous Fe2O3 nanostructures are synthesized by using a simple polyol method and used as an anode along with commercial‐grade LiCoO2 as the cathode to study full‐cell lithium‐ion battery applications. The half‐cell performance of Fe2O3 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 903 mAh/g at 1C rate. Commercial LiCoO2 also delivers a stable capacity of 131 mAh/g at 1C rate after 50 cycles. A full cell is constructed by using Fe2O3 anode and LiCoO2 cathode, and the mass loadings are adjusted such that no pre‐activation is required. The as‐constructed LiCoO2‐Fe2O3 full cell exhibits a stable capacity of 800 mAh/g (capacity based on anode mass) at 1C after 100 charge‐discharge cycles with 91 % capacity retention. The rate capability test shows that the full cell is high rate capable and could withstand high currents up to 5C. A pouch cell (300 mAh, 3 V nominal voltage) is constructed with Fe2O3 anode and LiCoO2 cathode, and is demonstrated to power a solar study lamp (aimed for rural application) and an ultra‐bright LED array (50 ultra‐bright LEDs, with 3 V and 50 mA ratings for a single LED).
Highly Conformationally Restricted Cyclopropane Tethers with Three‐Dimensional Structural Diversity Drastically Enhance the Cell Permeability of Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Matsui Kouhei , Kido Yasuto , Watari Ryosuke , Kashima Yousuke , Yoshida Yutaka , Shuto Satoshi
Published: January 2017

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Kouhei Matsui and Satoshi Shuto at Shionogi & Co.,Ltd. and at Hokkaido University. The image depicts the cyclopropane tethers with three‐dimensional structural diversity that are able to remarkably change the conformation and physicochemical properties of cyclic peptides due to the characteristic steric feature of cyclopropane. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604946.
Bernstein approximations in glasso‐based estimation of biological networks
Authors: Purutçuoğlu Vilda , Ağraz Melih , Wit Ernst
Published: January 2017

The Gaussian graphical model (GGM) is one of the common dynamic modelling approaches in the construction of gene networks. In inference of this modelling the interaction between genes can be detected mainly via graphical lasso (glasso) or coordinate descent‐based approaches. Although these methods are successful in moderate networks, their performances in accuracy decrease when the system becomes sparser. We here implement a particular type of polynomial transformations, called the Bernstein polynomials, of the network data in advance of their inference to raise the accuracy. From comparative Monte Carlo studies and real data analyses we show that these polynomials are successful in terms of the precision, specificity and F‐measure when the scale‐free networks are modelled via GGM and estimated by glasso, and accordingly they can be used as a preprocessing step in inference of these networks. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 62–76; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Geometry‐Controlled Photoinduced Charge Separation and Recombination in a Trans‐A2B2‐Functionalized Donor–Acceptor Conjugate Composed of a Multimodular Zinc Porphyrin and Fullerene
Authors: Benitz Alejandro , Thomas Michael B. , D'Souza Francis
Published: January 2017

The front cover artwork is provided by the D′Souza group at the Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas. The image shows the optimized structure of a trans‐A2B2‐functionalized multimodular zinc porphyrin/fullerene supramolecular donor–acceptor conjugate and the geometry‐governed photochemical events which occur upon photoexcitation of the porphyrin. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cptc.201600017.
Expression of CD43 in chronic lymphoproliferative leukemias
Authors: Sorigue Marc , Juncà Jordi , Sarrate Edurne , Grau Javier
Published: January 2017

Background

CD43 has been used on histological samples for the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders but there is scarce data on its use by flow cytometry (FC). We set out to characterize the expression of CD43 by FC in B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders and to determine its possible role in the differential diagnosis of these malignancies.

Methods

We analyzed the expression of CD43 in clonal B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders with exclusive peripheral blood and/or bone marrow involvement based on their Moreau chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) score with particular emphasis on Moreau CLL score 3 (MS3) cases, which often present a diagnostic challenge. The cohort included 433 CLL (score 4–5), 34 MS3 and 166 lymphoproliferative disorders with lower scores.

Results

Generally, the higher the Moreau CLL score, the higher CD43‐positivity (425/443 [96%] for CLL, 23/34 [67%] for MS3 and 18/166 [11%] for cases with lower scores). MS3 cases constituted 5.4% of all cases and were more frequently CD5, CD200, CD43‐positive and had del(q13) than score 0–2 cases. Among MS3 cases, del(13q) cases were predominantly CD43‐positive (12/13).

Conclusions

The frequency of CD43‐positivity increases sharply with the Moreau score. MS3 cases seem to include both CLL and non‐CLL lymphoproliferative disorders and CD43 could aid in the differential diagnosis between the two. However, studies analyzing the correlation between CD43 expression and the underlying biologic changes of these cases are warranted. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The 1‐min Screening Test for Reading Problems in College Students: Psychometric Properties of the 1‐min TIL
Authors: Fernandes Tânia , Araújo Susana , Sucena Ana , Reis Alexandra , Castro São Luís
Published: January 2017

Reading is a central cognitive domain, but little research has been devoted to standardized tests for adults. We, thus, examined the psychometric properties of the 1‐min version of Teste de Idade de Leitura (Reading Age Test; 1‐min TIL), the Portuguese version of Lobrot L3 test, in three experiments with college students: typical readers in Experiment 1A and B, dyslexic readers and chronological age controls in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1A, test–retest reliability and convergent validity were evaluated in 185 students. Reliability was >.70, and phonological decoding underpinned 1‐min TIL. In Experiment 1B, internal consistency was assessed by presenting two 45‐s versions of the test to 19 students, and performance in these versions was significantly associated (r = .78). In Experiment 2, construct validity, criterion validity and clinical utility of 1‐min TIL were investigated. A multiple regression analysis corroborated construct validity; both phonological decoding and listening comprehension were reliable predictors of 1‐min TIL scores. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics analyses revealed the high accuracy of this test in distinguishing dyslexic from typical readers. Therefore, the 1‐min TIL, which assesses reading comprehension and potential reading difficulties in college students, has the necessary psychometric properties to become a useful screening instrument in neuropsychological assessment and research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Links between soil microbial communities and plant traits in a species‐rich grassland under long‐term climate change
Authors: Sayer Emma J. , Oliver Anna E. , Fridley Jason D. , Askew Andrew P. , Mills Robert T. E. , Grime J. Philip
Published: January 2017

Climate change can influence soil microorganisms directly by altering their growth and activity but also indirectly via effects on the vegetation, which modifies the availability of resources. Direct impacts of climate change on soil microorganisms can occur rapidly, whereas indirect effects mediated by shifts in plant community composition are not immediately apparent and likely to increase over time. We used molecular fingerprinting of bacterial and fungal communities in the soil to investigate the effects of 17 years of temperature and rainfall manipulations in a species‐rich grassland near Buxton,UK. We compared shifts in microbial community structure to changes in plant species composition and key plant traits across 78 microsites within plots subjected to winter heating, rainfall supplementation, or summer drought. We observed marked shifts in soil fungal and bacterial community structure in response to chronic summer drought. Importantly, although dominant microbial taxa were largely unaffected by drought, there were substantial changes in the abundances of subordinate fungal and bacterial taxa. In contrast to short‐term studies that report high resistance of soil fungi to drought, we observed substantial losses of fungal taxa in the summer drought treatments. There was moderate concordance between soil microbial communities and plant species composition within microsites. Vector fitting of community‐weighted mean plant traits to ordinations of soil bacterial and fungal communities showed that shifts in soil microbial community structure were related to plant traits representing the quality of resources available to soil microorganisms: the construction cost of leaf material, foliar carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios, and leaf dry matter content. Thus, our study provides evidence that climate change could affect soil microbial communities indirectly via changes in plant inputs and highlights the importance of considering long‐term climate change effects, especially in nutrient‐poor systems with slow‐growing vegetation.
Predator effects on reef fish settlement depend on predator origin and recruit density
Authors: Benkwitt Cassandra E.
Published: January 2017

During major life‐history transitions, animals often experience high mortality rates due to predation, making predator avoidance particularly advantageous during these times. There is mixed evidence from a limited number of studies, however, regarding how predator presence influences settlement of coral‐reef fishes and it is unknown how other potentially mediating factors, including predator origin (native vs. nonnative) or interactions among conspecific recruits, mediate the non‐consumptive effects of predators on reef fish settlement. During a field experiment in the Caribbean, approximately 52% fewer mahogany snapper (Lutjanus mahogoni) recruited to reefs with a native predator (graysby grouper, Cephalopholis cruentata) than to predator‐free control reefs and reefs with an invasive predator (red lionfish, Pterois volitans) regardless of predator diet. These results suggest that snapper recruits do not recognize nonnative lionfish as a threat. However, these effects depended on the density of conspecific recruits, with evidence that competition may limit the response of snapper to even native predators at the highest recruit densities. In contrast, there was no effect of predator presence or conspecific density on the recruitment of bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus). These context‐dependent responses of coral‐reef fishes to predators during settlement may influence individual survival and shape subsequent population and community dynamics.
Spatial heterogeneity can resolve the nitrogen paradox of tropical forests
Authors: Menge Duncan N. L. , Levin Simon A.
Published: January 2017

Many tropical forests are characterized by large losses of plant‐available forms of nitrogen (N), indicating that they are N rich, and by an abundance of plants capable of symbiotic N fixation. These N‐fixing plants can fix enough N to drive N richness. However, biological N fixation (BNF) is more expensive than using plant‐available N, so sustained BNF in N‐rich soils appears to be a paradox. Here, we use spatially explicit ecosystem models to analyze the conditions under which spatial heterogeneity can induce simultaneous BNF and loss of plant‐available N (hereafter, we call this combination “N‐rich BNF”). Spatial movement of litter to neighboring plants’ rooting zones can maintain N‐rich BNF under a variety of conditions. For example, when N‐fixers have higher N demand than non‐fixers, N‐fixers export N‐rich litter to non‐fixers, inducing large losses of plant‐available N from the ecosystem, and receive N‐poor litter from non‐fixers, inducing BNF. BNF and N loss fluxes increase in proportion to the ratio of N‐fixer litter N:P to non‐fixer litter N:P, and also in proportion to the fraction of litter transferred out of a tree's rooting zone. Stoichiometric variability augments N‐rich BNF, as does increasing the fraction of the landscape occupied by N‐fixers, at least when they are rare. On the contrary, greater root overlap between neighbors and clumping of N‐fixers diminish N‐rich BNF. Finally, we examined how spatial litter transfer interacts with another mechanism that can sustain N‐rich BNF, incomplete down‐regulation of BNF. Spatial transfer and incomplete down‐regulation can both sustain N‐rich BNF, but they are compensatory rather than additive. These mechanisms can be distinguished by examining where N losses occur. Incomplete down‐regulation of BNF leads to greater N loss under N‐fixing trees, whereas spatial litter transfer leads to greater N loss under non‐fixing trees. Along with time lags in regulating BNF, these results comprise a series of hypotheses that could help understand the N paradox of tropical forests.
Microbial Fuel Cells for Organic‐Contaminated Soil Remedial Applications: A Review
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Wang Xin , Weng Liping , Zhou Qixing , Li Yongtao
Published: January 2017

Efficient noninvasive techniques are desired for repairing organic‐contaminated soils. Bioelectrochemical technology, especially microbial fuel cells (MFCs), has been widely used to promote a polluted environmental remediation approach, and applications include wastewater, sludge, sediment, and soil remediation. Soil MFC remediation has been of significant concern in recent years, and thus, several aspects, including reactor configuration, electrode materials, soil conductivity, mass transfer, and microbial activity, are reviewed. Recent studies and key issues of soil MFCs and perspectives of organic‐contamination remedial application are summarized, with the aim of assisting environmental scholars and engineers to gain a comprehensive understanding of MFC remediation. Insights are also offered on how to extend applications to help soil MFC remediation technology to advance and be applied in the future on a large scale.
Total organic carbon fluxes of the Red River system (Vietnam)
Authors: Le Thi Phuong Quynh , Dao Viet Nga , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Garnier Josette , Lu XiXi , Billen Gilles , Duong Thi Thuy , Ho Cuong Tu , Etcheber Henri , Nguyen Thi Mai Huong , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Bich Thuy , Da Le Nhu , Pham Quoc Long
Published: January 2017

Riverine transport of organic carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the oceans plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The Red River is located in Southeast Asia where river discharge, sediment loads and fluxes of elements (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) associated with suspended solids have been dramatically altered over past decades as a result of reservoir impoundment and land use, population, and climate change. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were measured monthly at four stations of the Red River system from January 2008 to December 2010. The results reveal that POC changed synchronically with total suspended solids (TSS) concentration and with the river discharge, whereas no clear trend was observed for DOC concentration. The mean value of total organic carbon (TOC = DOC + POC) flux in the delta of the Red River was 31.5 × 1013 ± 4.0 × 1013 MgC.yr−1 (range 27.9–35.8 × 1013 MgC.yr−1 which leads to a specific TOC flux of 2012 ± 255 kgC.km−2.yr−1 during this 2008–2010 period. About 80% of the TOC flux was transferred to the estuary during the rainy season as a consequence of the higher river water discharge. The high mean value of the POC:Chl‐a ratio (1585 ± 870 mgC.mgChl‐a−1) and the moderate C:N ratio (7.3 ± 0.1) in the water column system suggest that organic carbon in the Red River system is mainly derived from erosion and soil leaching in the basin. The effect of two new dam impoundments in the Red River was also observable with lower TOC fluxes in 2010 compared with 2008. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of aquatic insect-mediated methylmercury flux from ponds following drying disturbance
Authors: Chumchal Matthew M. , Drenner Ray W. , Greenhill Frank M. , Kennedy James H. , Courville Ashlyn E. , Gober Charlie A.A. , Lossau Luke O.
Published: January 2017

Small ponds exist across a permanence gradient, and pond permanence is hypothesized to be a primary determinant of insect community structure and insect-mediated methylmercury (MeHg) flux from ponds to the surrounding terrestrial landscape. The present study describes the first experiment examining the recovery of insect-mediated MeHg flux following a drying disturbance that converted permanent ponds with insectivorous fish to semipermanent ponds without fish. Floating emergence traps were used to collect emergent insects for 10 wk in the spring and summer from 5 ponds with fish (permanent) and 5 ponds that were drained to remove fish, dried, and refilled with water (semipermanent). During the 73-d period after semipermanent ponds were refilled, total MeHg flux from semipermanent ponds was not significantly different than total MeHg flux from permanent ponds, indicating that insect-mediated MeHg flux had rapidly recovered in semipermanent ponds following the drying disturbance. Methylmercury fluxes from dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) and phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) were significantly greater from newly refilled semipermanent ponds than permanent ponds, but the MeHg fluxes from the other 8 emergent insect taxa did not differ between treatments. The present study demonstrates the impact of drying disturbance and the effect of community structure on the cross-system transport of contaminants from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1986–1990. © 2017 SETAC
Awareness of functional ability in people with early‐stage dementia
Authors: Martyr Anthony , Clare Linda
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Assessment of functional ability in people with early‐stage dementia (PwD) is an important area of study because it forms part of the diagnostic process and may help in monitoring disease progression. Most researchers and clinicians rely on informant ratings rather than observing actual functional performance or employing self‐ratings. There has however been little research to verify whether informant ratings of functioning are accurate, and there has been even less research investigating the accuracy of self‐ratings of functional ability in PwD. No study has used the performance‐monitoring metacognitive approach to investigate awareness of functional ability.

Methods

Thirty‐seven people with early‐stage dementia completed an objective functional assessment and provided self‐ratings before and after completing each section of the objective test. Informants provided ratings of functioning and burden. Scores were converted to percentages to allow for direct comparison.

Results

Objectively assessed functional ability significantly correlated with self‐ratings and informant ratings. Self‐ratings did not correlate with informant ratings. For converted scores, self‐ratings were more similar than informant ratings to the objectively assessed mean scores. Burden was unrelated to functional assessments after correcting for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Self‐rated functional ability was more accurate than informant ratings when compared with objectively assessed ability, with informants tending to significantly underestimate the functional ability of PwD. The findings call into question the likelihood that informants will provide accurate ratings of functional ability and suggests that self‐ratings may offer a more accurate estimate of functional ability. Self‐ratings made by PwD should be more widely employed in clinical and research settings. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.