bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inorganic film materials for flexible electronics: A brief overview, properties, and applications
Authors: Kanon Kamruzzaman , Sharif S. Sadakat , Irfan Ahmad , Sharif Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The field of flexible electronics has experienced remarkable expansion in response to the escalating demand for lightweight, bendable, and multifunctional electronic devices. As the world increasingly integrates electronics seamlessly into everyday life, the importance of flexible electronics becomes more apparent. While existing reviews have examined materials used in flexible devices, they often overly focus on specific materials or provide broad generalizations about different material types. Thus, this review offers a concise yet comprehensive overview of critical inorganic film materials crucial to the advancement of flexible and wearable devices. Each material is introduced with a succinct overview of its structure and production processes. This review elucidates their unique characteristics and potential applications in flexible electronics by comparing their mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This review is a valuable resource for researchers entering this emerging field of flexible electronics, providing a concise yet comprehensive insight and property comparisons. Accompanied by figures illustrating material structures and applications, readers will gain access to summarized discussions. Comparative figures of material properties will enhance comprehension. Additionally, discussions on diverse applications will offer insight into their versatility across various fields of flexible electronics.
Removal of methylene blue by hydrochar modified from hydrothermal carbonization technique
Authors: Amer Mohammad W. , Khdeir Eman M. , Barzagli Francesco , Taha Mustafa A. , Alsalti Heba M. , Ibrahim Elias N. , Almassi Rahaf A. , Hasoneh Ahmad R. , Rasheed Mohammed Y. , Al‐Jawasrah Raid
Published: September 2024

This study explores the adsorption potential of hydrothermally treated waste derived algal biomass for removing methylene blue (MB) dye. Synthesizing a modified hydrochar through hydrothermal carbonization (150°C, 35 bar) followed by NaOH modification, we observed enhanced thermal stability and distinctive chemical changes. Optimal conditions were determined at pH 6 and 1 h contact time. Soluble salts with cations were identified as impacting adsorption efficiency, with increased interference for higher cation charges. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) indicated a spontaneous and exothermic process, the calculated values (−5.417 to −6.907 kJ mol−1, −29.0 kJ mol−1, −73.8 J K−1 mol−1) aligned with this behavior. Adsorption isotherms favored the Freundlich model, revealing heterogeneous multilayer adsorption, with a maximum capacity of 97%. Kinetic studies supported the pseudo‐first‐order model. This detailed exploration provides insights into thermodynamics, kinetics, and the impact of adsorption parameters on MB removal, emphasizing the practicality of alkaline‐modified hydrochar as an effective, sustainable adsorbent.
Hydrogen Storage Studies of Nanocomposites Derived From O‐Ethyl‐S‐((5‐Methoxy‐1H‐Benzo[d]Imidazol‐2‐Yl)Carbonothioate (OESMBIC) With ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Alheety Nuaman F. , Raouafi Noureddine , Al‐Isawi Abdulsalam A. , Alheety Mustafa A. , Besbes Rafaâ
Published: September 2024

5‐Methoxy‐2‐mercaptobenzamidazole was used to synthesize O‐ethyl‐S‐(5‐methoxy‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl) carbonothioate (OESMBIC) by the reaction with chloroacetic acid ethyl ester in a KOH solution. The reaction product (OESMBIC) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), melting point, and 1H‐NMR. The characteristic results prove the formation of the target compound with high purity. Furthermore, the work includes the synthesis of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles via chemical methods in the high alkalinity solution. These nanoparticles were used to synthesize two novel nanocomposites named OESMBIC‐ZnO and OESMBIC‐TiO2. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The results prove that the prepared titanium oxide as nanotubes with diameters ranging between 20 and 35 nm decorated with OESMBIC. The results prove that ZnO in OESMBIC‐ZnO was found as nanorods with different lengths and diameters of 40–65 nm decorated with OESMBIC molecules. The as‐prepared compounds; OESMBIC, OESMBIC‐ZnO, and OESMBIC‐TiO2 were used for the hydrogen storage application using the VTI method. The results prove that the addition of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the storage ability of OESMBIC as the OESMBIC gave only 0.50 wt% at an equilibrium pressure of 40 bar, while it reached 2.40 and 4.37 wt% at equilibrium pressures of 60 and 75 bar for OESMBIC‐ZnO and OESMBIC‐TiO2, respectively.
β‐Sitosterol—Dietary sources and role in cancer and diabetes management
Authors: Adhimoolam Karthikeyan , Sureshbabu Anjana , Smirnova Elena , Muthuramalingam Pandiyan , Do Thi Cat Tuong , Senthil Kalaiselvi , Min Taesun
Published: September 2024

β‐Sitosterol is a major bioactive constituent and the most abundant phytosterol in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. It is structurally similar to cholesterol, except for the addition of the ethyl group. The primary benefit of β‐sitosterol is that it lowers the body's absorption of low‐density lipoprotein, or “bad” cholesterol. Research efforts to date and information from the available literature have demonstrated that β‐sitosterol has many pharmacological benefits to improve human health; it effectively prevents heart diseases, cancer, and diabetes. To date, many investigations on β‐sitosterol have been conducted in in vitro and in vivo studies. There are considerable research gaps because there are almost no clinical studies to examine the safety and effectiveness of β‐sitosterol for various human diseases. This review aims to discuss the dietary sources and variations of β‐sitosterol in food crops and how it can successfully prevent cancer and diabetes, including the mechanism underlying these benefits. In addition, we also discuss the research gaps and provide our perspective on future research to propose β‐sitosterol as a nutraceutical candidate to prevent human diseases.
Language networks of normal‐hearing infants exhibit topological differences between resting and steady states: An fNIRS functional connectivity study
Authors: Paranawithana Ishara , Mao Darren , McKay Colette M. , Wong Yan T.
Published: September 2024

Task‐related studies have consistently reported that listening to speech sounds activate the temporal and prefrontal regions of the brain. However, it is not well understood how functional organization of auditory and language networks differ when processing speech sounds from its resting state form. The knowledge of language network organization in typically developing infants could serve as an important biomarker to understand network‐level disruptions expected in infants with hearing impairment. We hypothesized that topological differences of language networks can be characterized using functional connectivity measures in two experimental conditions (1) complete silence (resting) and (2) in response to repetitive continuous speech sounds (steady). Thirty normal‐hearing infants (14 males and 16 females, age: 7.8 ± 4.8 months) were recruited in this study. Brain activity was recorded from bilateral temporal and prefrontal regions associated with speech and language processing for two experimental conditions: resting and steady states. Topological differences of functional language networks were characterized using graph theoretical analysis. The normalized global efficiency and clustering coefficient were used as measures of functional integration and segregation, respectively. We found that overall, language networks of infants demonstrate the economic small‐world organization in both resting and steady states. Moreover, language networks exhibited significantly higher functional integration and significantly lower functional segregation in resting state compared to steady state. A secondary analysis that investigated developmental effects of infants aged 6‐months or below and above 6‐months revealed that such topological differences in functional integration and segregation across resting and steady states can be reliably detected after the first 6‐months of life. The higher functional integration observed in resting state suggests that language networks of infants facilitate more efficient parallel information processing across distributed language regions in the absence of speech stimuli. Moreover, higher functional segregation in steady state indicates that the speech information processing occurs within densely interconnected specialized regions in the language network.
Human vaccine candidates for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: A systematic review
Authors: Motamed Hajar , Yari Farideh , Javadirad Etrat , Golmohammadi Sima , Alimoradi Saeed , Naleini Ronak , Chegene Lorestani Roya , Nemati Zargaran Fatemeh , Rostamian Mosayeb
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

There are many difficulties in treating Klebsiella pneumoniae, necessitating the creation of more preventative/therapeutic measures like vaccinations. However, after numerous attempts, there is still no authorized and widely accessible vaccine. The present study aimed to systematically review published studies on K. pneumoniae vaccines in human subjects/samples.

Methods

To find published studies, several electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalKey, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library were searched without time limitation using the appropriate keywords. Studies were scrutinized, and the information from those that met our inclusion criteria was gathered and analyzed.

Results

In total, 691 studies were found, of which 14 articles were included for systematic review. Bacterial lysate containing K. pneumoniae was the most studied vaccine candidate. As the main indicator of human immune responses to K. pneumoniae, antibody responses were determined by most studies. The antigen amount, the route of immunization, and the immunization schedule were varying in the studies and were chosen based on several factors such as the disease model, the vaccine type, the vaccination setting (prophylactic or therapeutic), and so on.

Conclusion

The majority of studies asserted that their vaccination was efficient and safe, which was demonstrated by a decrease in the rate of infections and the induction of protective antibody, cell‐dependent, and/or cytokine responses. Altogether, the information provided here will help researchers examine the K. pneumoniae vaccine candidates more closely and take future actions that will be more consistently successful.
Early perspective taking predicts later cognitive flexibility: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kloo Daniela , Kaltefleiter Larissa J. , Sodian Beate
Published: September 2024

Perspective taking and cognitive flexibility are important abilities for navigating our everyday lives. In this longitudinal study with 108 children (61 girls, mostly White), we investigated the developmental relation between Level 1 perspective taking at 27 months of age and Level 2 perspective taking at 52 months of age as well as relations to cognitive flexibility at 52 months of age. We found that early perspective taking was significantly related to later, more complex perspective taking abilities as well as to cognitive flexibility. This highlights the importance of early perspective taking abilities for later perspective understanding and flexible cognition.
The relationship between the tertiary lymphoid structure and immune‐infiltrating cells in gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Aoyang , Fan Zhixiang , Ma Luyao , Tang Juanjuan , Liu Wenlou , Han Zhengxiang , Wang Hongmei
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study systematically evaluated the relationship between tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and clinical pathological features as well as immune infiltrating cells in gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods

We searched Web of science, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies that met the requirements as of July 1, 2023, and the odds ratio, the corresponding 95% confidence interval or mean and standard deviation, were included in the analysis.

Findings

We eventually included 20 studies, involving a total of 4856 patients. TLS were found to be significantly associated with T stage, N stage, TNM stage, and tumor size. Moreover, patients with positive TLS showed significantly elevated expression of T‐cell related markers, including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO; B‐cell related markers, such as CD11c and CD20; and dendritic cell‐related marker CD103. On the other hand, positive TLS correlated significantly with low expression of FOXP3 and CD68. Additionally, there was a significant positive association between TLS and overall infiltration of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes.

Conclusion

The presence of TLS is significantly correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells in gastrointestinal cancers. To determine the ideal balance between the presence of mature TLS and appropriate immune cell infiltration, further high‐quality and multicenter clinical studies need to be conducted.
Relationship between dietary inflammatory index, plant‐based dietary index, and bacterial vaginosis: A case–control study
Authors: Noormohammadi Morvarid , Eslamian Ghazaleh , Kazemi Seyyedeh Neda , Rashidkhani Bahram , Jafari Yeganeh Shirin
Published: September 2024

Objective

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the vaginal microbiome. In the present study we aimed to explore the relationship between dietary inflammatory index, plant‐based dietary index, and BV.

Methods

In this case–control study, 143 individuals with BV and 151 healthy participants aged 15–45 years were included. Bacterial vaginosis diagnosis was based on the Amsel criteria by a gynecologist. Participants' dietary intakes over the past year were assessed using a 168‐item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between dietary inflammatory index, plant‐based dietary index, and BV odds.

Results

Our study revealed that elevated dietary inflammatory index scores were strongly associated with higher BV odds in the crude model (odds ratio [OR]: 2.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–5.30, P value <0.001), and even after accounting for potential confounding factors (adjusted OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.66–7.46, P value = 0.001). While no significant relationship was observed between total plant‐based dietary index and healthy plant‐based dietary index scores with BV odds, a clear positive association existed between unhealthy plant‐based dietary index and the odds of BV (aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09–4.15, P value = 0.018).

Conclusion

A positive correlation may exist between unhealthy plant‐based dietary index and the likelihood of BV. Furthermore, the dietary inflammatory index may remain linked to increased BV odds.
Psychometric analysis and validation of the SF‐34 PREG: An adaptation of the SF‐36 for assessing quality of life in pregnant women
Authors: Martín‐Vázquez Cristian , Urchaga‐Litago Jose David , García‐Fernández Rubén , Calvo‐Ayuso Natalia , Rosón‐Matilla Laura , Liébana‐Presa Cristina
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aims to perform a psychometric analysis of the 36‐item short form health survey (SF‐36) in a population of pregnant women and validate an adapted version of the instrument to measure health‐related quality of life specific to pregnancy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study design was carried out with data collection between 7 and 36 weeks of gestation, with a total sample of 547 pregnant women divided into two randomized subsamples. Data were collected between September 2021 and April 2023. An exploratory factor analysis was initially performed on one subsample, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis on the other. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega, and correlations between factors were analyzed.

Results

Results from the exploratory factor analysis proposed a seven‐factor model explaining 56% of the variance. All proposed dimensions achieved Cronbach's alpha scores above 0.75, with a total test score of 0.92. Furthermore, all dimensions exhibited positive and statistically significant correlations. Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test yielded values of 5599 (P < 0.001) and 0.871, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis reaffirmed this model with good fit indices: χ2 792 (P < 0.001), comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) >0.90, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) <0.06.

Conclusion

This study developed and validated the “SF‐34 PREG,” an adapted version of the SF‐36, specifically designed for pregnant women. The SF‐34 PREG demonstrated high reliability and a robust factorial structure, making it a more precise and relevant tool for assessing health‐related quality of life during pregnancy. Although it does not include the social functioning dimension of the original SF‐36, the SF‐34 PREG offers improved relevance and accuracy for this specific population. Further research and clinical use of the SF‐34 PREG are recommended.
Thiouracil and triazole conjugate induces autophagy through the downregulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Yoon Bada , Basappa Basappa , Basappa Shreeja , Nagaraju Omantheswara , Madegowda Mahendra , Rangappa K. S. , Sethi Gautam , Ahn Kwang Seok
Published: September 2024

Autophagy is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis by breaking down unnecessary organelles and proteins within cells. Its activity varies abnormally in several diseases, including cancer, making it a potential target for therapeutic strategies. The Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway significantly impacts cancer by stabilizing β‐catenin protein and promoting the transcription of its target genes. Therefore, we aimed to identify candidate substances targeting this signaling pathway. We designed and tested a thiouracil conjugate, discovering that TTP‐8 had anti‐tumor effects on human breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB231. Our findings showed that TTP‐8 upregulated the expression of LC3 protein, a marker of autophagy in breast cancer cells, suggesting that TTP‐8 might induce autophagy. Further analysis confirmed an increase in autophagy‐related proteins, with consistent results obtained from flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Interestingly, the induction of LC3 expression by TTP‐8 was even more pronounced in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB231 cells transfected with β‐catenin siRNA. Thus, our research supports the idea that the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway influences the regulation of autophagy‐related proteins, thereby inducing autophagy. This suggests that TTP‐8 could serve as a novel agent for treating breast cancer.
Research on the aerodynamic characteristics of dragonfly leading edge
Authors: Hu Yanjuan , Zhu Chengyu , Liu Qiang , Zhu Duanyi , Xue Jiaheng , Li Qiang , Zhou Xiaoqin
Published: September 2024

Dragonflies are some of the most stable and maneuverable flying organisms. To explore the mechanism of how dragonfly leading edges enhance flight lift, this article conducts a detailed study on the leading edge veins and the microstructures on them of dragonfly wings. Observations have discovered the special leading edge vein and the regularly distributed microstructures on the leading edge vein. A biomimetic model has been established, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis has been conducted on the biomimetic model. The analysis explores the effects of microstructure characteristics, distribution patterns, and positions on the aerodynamic characteristics of dragonfly gliding. The analysis shows that the leading edge structure influences the incoming flow, simultaneously promotes the formation of the leading edge vortex (LEV), and increases the lift‐to‐drag ratio by up to 4%. A wing prototype featuring biomimetic microstructures is subsequently fabricated and tested in wind tunnel experiments. Compared with a control group without leading edge structures, the airflow passing through the biomimetic structures is influenced by the shape and arrangement of these structures. The smoother transition of the leading edge vein's shape facilitates the flow of air. The microstructures primarily filter and accelerate the airflow. The spacing of the microstructures affects the stability of the airflow, thereby influencing aerodynamic performance. Additionally, the middle‐row arrangement of microstructures is more beneficial for gliding conditions, while the upper‐row arrangement is more advantageous for flapping conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of insect wings and advance micro aerial vehicle applications.

Research Highlights

This study observed the leading‐edge veins and microstructures of dragonfly wings in detail. Using a biomimetic model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, it was found that these leading‐edge structures promote the formation of leading‐edge vortices (LEV), increasing the lift‐to‐drag ratio by up to 4%. Wind tunnel experiments demonstrated that wings with biomimetic microstructures significantly improved airflow smoothness and lift compared with control wings. Additionally, the arrangement of microstructures greatly affects airflow stability and aerodynamic performance, with middle‐row arrangements being more beneficial for gliding and upper‐row arrangements for flapping conditions. These findings enhance our understanding of insect wings and provide innovative guidance for designing efficient micro aerial vehicles.
Influence of earthworm population density on the performance of vermifiltration for treating liquid dairy manure
Authors: Miito Gilbert J. , Alege Femi , Harrison Joe , Ndegwa Pius
Published: September 2024

The dairy industry has seen notable changes in the last couple of decades, including increased size of farms and regional concentrations of dairies. This has resulted in substantial manure production in small geographical areas, raising environmental concerns. Vermifiltration, an emerging low cost and eco‐friendly technology for treating wastewater, was evaluated to assess the influence of earthworm population density on the performance of a laboratory‐scale vermifilter treating liquid dairy manure. We monitored the reduction efficiencies of various components, including total nitrogen (TN), ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4+‐N), nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−‐N), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (ortho‐P), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), and total suspended solids (TSS), in treated dairy wastewater. This evaluation was conducted at 0; 5000; 10,000; and 15,000 earthworm densities per cubic meter (m−3) of bedding. Reduction efficiencies of 41%–89% (TN), 46%–86% (NH4+‐N), 34%–74% (NO3−‐N), 3%–17% (TP), 18%–38% (ortho‐P), 35%–66% (COD), 24%–54% (TS), and 50%–87% (TSS) were observed with higher earthworm densities exhibiting greater reduction efficiencies. Notably, the densities of Eisenia fetida at 10,000 and 15,000 earthworms m−3 showed no significant difference in vermifilter performance. This suggests that increasing the Eisenia fetida density beyond 10,000 earthworms m−3 may not further improve the vermifilter's performance in treating dairy wastewater. This study's findings indicate that using vermifiltration with an earthworm population density of 10,000 earthworms m−3 could effectively mitigate the negative environmental impact of liquid dairy wastewater at a low cost and sustainably.
Same‐Day Repeatability and 28‐Day Reproducibility of Xenon MRI Ventilation in Children With Cystic Fibrosis in a Multi‐Site Trial
Authors: Walkup Laura L. , Roach David J. , Plummer Joseph W. , Willmering Matthew M. , Zanette Brandon , Santyr Giles , Fain Sean B. , Rock Michael J. , Mata Jaime , Froh Deborah , Stanojevic Sanja , Cleveland Zackary I. , Ratjen Felix , Woods Jason C.
Published: September 2024

Background

MRI with xenon‐129 gas (Xe MRI) can assess airflow obstruction and heterogeneity in lung diseases. Specifically, Xe MRI may represent a sensitive modality for future therapeutic trials of cystic fibrosis (CF) therapies. The reproducibility of Xe MRI has not yet been assessed in the context of a multi‐site study.

Purpose

To determine the same‐day repeatability and 28‐day reproducibility of Xe MRI in children with CF.

Study Type

Four‐center prospective, longitudinal.

Population

Thirty‐eight children (18 females, 47%), median interquartile range (IQR) age 12 (9–14) years old, with mild CF (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥85% predicted).

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, two‐dimensional (2D) gradient‐echo (GRE) sequence.

Assessment

Xe MRI, FEV1, and nitrogen multiple‐breath wash‐out for lung‐clearance index (LCI2.5) were performed. To assess same‐day reproducibility, Xe MRI was performed twice within the first visit, and procedures were repeated at 28 days. Xe hypoventilation was quantified using ventilation‐defect percentage (VDP) and reader‐defect volume (RDV). For VDP, hypoventilated voxels from segmented images were identified using a threshold of <60% mean whole‐lung signal and expressed as a percentage of the lung volume. For RDV, hypoventilation was identified by two trained readers and expressed as a percentage.

Statistical Tests

Inter‐site comparisons were conducted using Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric tests with Dunn's multiple‐comparisons tests. Differences for individuals were assessed using Wilcoxon matched‐pairs tests. Bland–Altman tests were used to evaluate same‐day repeatability, 28‐day reproducibility, and inter‐reader agreement. A P‐value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Median FEV1 %‐predicted was 96.8% (86%–106%), and median LCI2.5 was 6.6 (6.3–7.4). Xe MRI had high same‐day reproducibility (mean VDP difference 0.12%, 95% limits of agreement [−3.2, 3.4]; mean RDV difference 0.42% [−2.5, 3.3]). At 28 days, 26/31 participants (84%) fell within the same‐day 95% limits of agreement.

Data Conclusion

Xe MRI may offer excellent same‐day and short‐term reproducibility.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Impact of Previous Abdominal Surgery and Timing of Peritoneal Metastases on Accuracy of Imaging in Predicting the Surgical PCI: A Report From the PRECINCT Study
Authors: Bhatt Aditi , Rousset Pascal , Moran Brendan J. , Kazi Mufaddal , Baratti Dario , Morris David , Labow Daniel , Sardi Armando , Sammartino Paolo , Glehen Olivier ,   PRECINCT Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim

In this report from Phase 1 of the prospective, observational, PRECINCT (Pattern of peritoneal dissemination and REsponse to systemic Chemotherapy IN Common and uncommon peritoneal Tumours) study, a correlation was performed between the radiological PCI (peritoneal cancer index; rPCI) and surgical PCI (sPCI). The impact of timing of peritoneal malignancy (PM) and previous abdominal surgery was also studied.

Methods

The rPCI and sPCI were considered the ‘same’ if they differed by ≤ 3 points. The agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and the strength of the agreement was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The extent of prior surgery was classified according to prior surgical score (PSS).

Results

In 707 (79.4%) patients, rPCI and sPCI concurred in 280 (39.6%). In the Bland–Altman analysis, < 40% patients were in the ±3 PCI points limit of acceptable difference. The average difference between the two scores was 4.5 points (95% CI‐ −5.16 to −3.92). The CCC‐ was 0.59 for the whole cohort (‘moderate’ concordance) and was not influenced by imaging modality, timing of PM or PSS.

Conclusions

The rPCI underestimated sPCI by an average of 4.5 points. The role of peritoneal MRI in patients undergoing iterative procedures and the performance of imaging according to sites of recurrence need further evaluation.
Relationship of Surgical Approach With Financial Toxicity in Patients With Resected Lung Cancer
Authors: Deboever Nathaniel , Eisenberg Michael A. , Antonoff Mara B. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Mehran Reza J. , Rice David C. , Roth Jack A. , Swisher Stephen G. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Walsh Garrett L. , Rajaram Ravi
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) reduces lengths of stay, complications, and potentially perioperative hospital costs. However, the impact of MIS on financial toxicity (FT), defined as the costs resulting from oncologic care and their negative effects on quality of life, in patients with lung cancer is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the association between surgical approach and FT in this population.

Methods

A single‐institution study was performed evaluating resected lung cancer patients (2016–2021). FT was assessed using the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) questionnaire. The relationship between surgical approach (MIS vs. thoracotomy) and FT was evaluated using propensity score‐matched (PSM) regression analysis. A sensitivity analysis involving the entire cohort was also performed using an inverse probability‐weighted generalized linear model.

Results

As reported previously, of 1477 patients surveyed, 463 responded (31.3%) with FT reported in 196 patients (42.3%). Resection was performed by thoracotomy in 53.3% (n = 247), and by MIS in the remainder (n = 216, 46.7%; video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery [VATS] = 115; robotic‐assisted = 101). There was no difference in FT in patients who underwent VATS and robotic‐assisted surgery (p = 0.515). In the PSM analysis, MIS was not associated with FT (odds ratio [OR]: 0.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.628–1.533, p = 0.929). Similar results were found on sensitivity analysis (OR: 1.488, CI: 0.931–2.378, p = 0.096).

Conclusions

Compared to MIS, thoracotomy was not associated with FT in patients with resected lung cancer. Though there are several benefits from MIS, it does not appear to be a meaningful strategy to alleviate FT in this population.
Classification of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors and Associations With Survival
Authors: Song Yun , Chen Eunise , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Yao James C. , Halperin Daniel M. , Chatterjee Deyali , Badgwell Brian D.
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Not all gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) may be classified into one of the three described clinicopathologic subtypes. The purpose of this study was to better characterize GNET subtypes and associated outcomes.

Methods

Patients treated for GNET at our institution (1995−2021) were identified. Pathologic specimens of tumors that could not be classified as type 1, 2, or 3 were further reviewed. GNETs were categorized as proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐associated based on changes in the background gastric mucosa consistent with PPI use. Distant metastasis at presentation (DM) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were evaluated.

Results

Among 246 patients, there were 164 (67%) type 1, 5 (2%) type 2, 52 (21%) type 3, and 18 (7%) PPI‐associated GNETs. Seven (3%) tumors remained unclassified. DM was more frequent with type 3 GNETs (38%) than type 1 (1%), type 2 (20%), or PPI‐associated tumors (11%, p < 0.001). Ten‐year DSS rates were 100% for type 1, 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%−75%) for type 3, and 80% (95% CI, 58%−100%) for PPI‐associated tumors (p < 0.001). GNET subtype, race, and DM were independently associated with DSS.

Conclusions

PPI‐associated tumors may represent a distinct GNET subtype with intermediate outcomes. Other factors should also be considered in overall prognosis.
Monitoring Apoptosis and Myeloid Differentiation of Acridine Orange‐Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy‐Induced Human Promyelocytic Leukemia HL60 Cells
Authors: Caliskan Metin , Ilikci‐Sagkan Rahsan , Bayrak Gulsen , Ozlem‐Caliskan Sercin
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), conventional therapies can lead to severe side effects and drug resistance. There is a need for alternative treatments that do not cause treatment resistance and have minimal or no side effects. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), due to its noninvasive, multiple repeatability, localized treatment feature and do not cause treatment resistance, emerges as an alternative treatment option. However, it has not received sufficient attention in the treatment of AML especially acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The aim of the study was to investigate the potential differentiation and antileukemic effects of acridine orange (AO)‐mediated SDT on HL60 cells.

Methods

Cell viability was determined by the 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method in the control, ultrasound, AO concentrations, and ultrasound‐exposed AO concentrations groups. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine morphology, and flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, DNA cycle, cell volume, mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and differentiation markers (CD11b and CD15) expressions. Additionally, toluidine blue staining for semithin sections was used to determine differentiation.

Results

The cytotoxicity of AO‐mediated SDT on HL60 cells was significantly higher than other groups, and TEM images showed that it caused various morphological changes typical for apoptosis. Flow cytometry results showed the presence of early apoptosis, subG1 arrest, loss of Δψm, increase of intracellular ROS production, decreased cell volume, and increased expression of CD11b (1.3‐fold) antigen and CD15 (1.2‐fold) antigen.

Conclusion

Data showed that AO‐mediated SDT significantly induced apoptosis in HL60 cells. Increased expression of CD11b and CD15 antigens and morphological findings demonstrated that AO‐mediated SDT contributes to granulocytic differentiation in HL60 cells. AO‐mediated SDT has potential as an alternative treatment of APL.
Significant systematic bias of alpha angles measured on MRI compared to various radiographic views in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Triana Jairo , Shankar Dhruv S. , Moore Michael A. , Akpinar Berkcan , Vasavada Kinjal D. , Burke Christopher J. , Samim Mohammad M. , Youm Thomas
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the inter‐rater reproducibility and inter‐method comparability of hip alpha angle measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) and plain radiographs in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic FAIS underwent preoperative MRI/MRA with axial oblique and/or radial plane imaging and had preoperative radiographs with anterior‐posterior (AP), 45° Dunn and 90° Dunn views. Alpha angle measurements were performed independently by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Inter‐rater reproducibility and inter‐method comparability between MRI/MRA images and radiographic views were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Ninety‐seven patients were included of whom 93 (95.8%) received axial oblique plane images and 54 (55.6%) had radial plane MRI/MRA images. Inter‐rater reproducibility was excellent (ICC > 0.9) for all planes on MRI/MRA and radiographs. MRI/MRA axial oblique images had poor (ICC 0.39, 95% CI [0.09, 0.59]), moderate (ICC 0.57, 95% CI [0.18, 0.75]) and moderate (ICC 0.64, 95% CI [0.20, 0.81]) comparability with AP, 45° Dunn and 90° Dunn, respectively. MRI/MRA radial plane images had equivocal (0 included in all CIs) comparability with AP (ICC 0.66), 45° Dunn (ICC 0.35) and 90° Dunn (ICC 0.14) radiographs. On average, alpha angle measurements were significantly higher with radial images and lower with axial oblique images, when compared to all radiographic views (p < 0.05), except axial oblique versus 45° Dunn views, where angles measured on axial oblique were significantly larger.

Conclusion

Alpha angle measurements taken on axial oblique MRI/MRA images show moderate comparability to radiographic 45° Dunn and 90° Dunn views despite negative bias to measurements taken on radiographic AP and 45° Dunn view. Larger alpha angles were appreciated on MRI/MRA radial and axial oblique views compared to radiographic views supporting the inclusion of MRI/MRA alpha angle measurements to properly identify deformity.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
Combined PCL instabilities cannot be identified using posterior stress radiographs in external or internal rotation: A cadaveric study
Authors: Briese Thorben , Riemer Romy , Deichsel Adrian , Peez Christian , Herbst Elmar , Glasbrenner Johannes , Raschke Michael J. , Kittl Christoph
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Posterior stress radiography is recommended to identify isolated or combined posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficiencies. The posterior drawer in internal (IR) or external rotation (ER) helps to differentiate between these combined instabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate posterior stress radiography (PSR) in isolated and combined PCL deficiency with IR and ER compared to PSR in neutral rotation (NR) for diagnosing combined PCL instabilities.

Methods

Six paired fresh‐frozen human cadaveric legs (n = 12) were mounted in a Telos device for PSR. The tibia was rotated using an attached foot apparatus capable of rotating the foot 30° internally and externally. A posterior tibial load of 15 kp (147.1 N) was applied to the tibial tubercle at 90° knee flexion, and a lateral radiograph was obtained. This was repeated with the foot in 30° IR and ER. The PCL, posterolateral complex (PLC), and posteromedial complex (PMC) were sectioned in six knees, while the PMC was sectioned before the PLC in the other six knees. Posterior tibial displacement (PTD) was measured radiographically. Statistical analysis was performed using a two‐way ANOVA and a mixed model with Bonferroni correction, and the significance was set at p < 0.05. Furthermore, intra‐ and interobserver reliability was determined.

Results

Cutting the PCL significantly increased the radiographic PTD by 9.8 ± 1.8 mm (side‐to‐side difference compared to the intact state of the knee, n = 12; p < 0.001). This further increased to 12.2 ± 2.3 mm (n = 6; p < 0.01) with an additional PLC deficiency and to 15.4 ± 3.4 mm (n = 6; p < 0.05) with an additional PMC deficiency. A combined PLC and PMC deficiency resulted in an increase of the PTD to 15.9 ± 4.5 mm (n = 12; p < 0.01). In the PCL/PLC deficient state, ER did not demonstrate a higher PTD, compared to the NR and IR posterior drawer. In the PCL/PMC deficient state in IR, PTD was 1.6 ± 0.7 mm (p < 0.01) higher compared to NR and 3.2 ± 1.9 mm (p < 0.05) higher compared to ER. We showed excellent intra‐ and interobserver reliability (0.987–0.997).

Conclusion

Combined PCL instabilities resulted in a significant increase in posterior tibial displacement in posterior stress radiographs. However, PSR in IR or ER was unable to differentiate between these combined instabilities. Based on our data, additional stress radiographs in rotation are unlikely to provide any diagnostic benefit in the clinical setting.

Level of Evidence

There is no level of evidence as this study was an experimental laboratory study.
Krüppel‐like factors family in health and disease
Authors: Xiang Tingwen , Yang Chuan , Deng Zihan , Sun Dong , Luo Fei , Chen Yueqi
Published: September 2024

Krüppel‐like factors (KLFs) are a family of basic transcription factors with three conserved Cys2/His2 zinc finger domains located in their C‐terminal regions. It is acknowledged that KLFs exert complicated effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and responses to stimuli. Dysregulation of KLFs is associated with a range of diseases including cardiovascular disorders, metabolic diseases, autoimmune conditions, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Their multidimensional roles in modulating critical pathways underscore the significance in both physiological and pathological contexts. Recent research also emphasizes their crucial involvement and complex interplay in the skeletal system. Despite the substantial progress in understanding KLFs and their roles in various cellular processes, several research gaps remain. Here, we elucidated the multifaceted capabilities of KLFs on body health and diseases via various compliable signaling pathways. The associations between KLFs and cellular energy metabolism and epigenetic modification during bone reconstruction have also been summarized. This review helps us better understand the coupling effects and their pivotal functions in multiple systems and detailed mechanisms of bone remodeling and develop potential therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of pathological diseases by targeting the KLF family.
Optimal reverse channel for end‐of‐life vehicle closed‐loop supply chains
Authors: Ding Junfei , Zhang Wen , Pu Xujin
Published: September 2024

This study examines a manufacturer selling directly to customers has three modes for acquiring end‐of‐life vehicles with a key component supplier: supplier‐collection, manufacturer‐collection, and third‐party‐collection modes. We find that the supplier, who is farther away from customers, is the optimal agent to be responsible for recovery activity. Following, we design a simple transfer price contract for the supplier‐collection mode such that the recovery rate achieves the centralized level. Subsequently, a fixed payment is proposed to compensate the supplier, thereby realizing Pareto improvement. Finally, we consider the supplier as the Stackelberg leader and find opposite results regarding optimal reverse channel structure.
Toward bridging gaps in patient navigation: A study on the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies
Authors: Chen Fenghao , Lan Tu , Liang Jie , Zhang Ronghui
Published: September 2024

Background

Patient navigators, whose value has become increasingly apparent, still face significant challenges, including a lack of support, funding, and recognition. These challenges have been exacerbated in the wake of COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This study explored the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in patient navigation. Data were collected through structured surveys and individual interviews with patient navigators from a variety of institutions and professional backgrounds. The data were analyzed to understand the current state of patient navigation, identify existing gaps, and suggest best practices for the future.

Results

The findings showed that patient navigators (a) have diverse backgrounds and responsibilities, (b) lack technology support for their work, (c) are at risk for burnout, with the extent varying based on the level of technical support received, and (d) report significant overlap between current barriers and those that could potentially be addressed with AI‐driven technologies.

Conclusion

A novel intervention, that is enabled by AI and other technologies and tailored to individual needs, has the potential to reduce burnout, increase capacity, and help ensure the sustainability of patient navigation and other areas of healthcare. By addressing the specific needs of individual patients, this type of intervention could help improve the overall effectiveness of patient navigation and support the long‐term sustainability of the role.
An investigation into differential use of ocher in burials at Khok Phanom Di, Thailand
Authors: Paris Sarah Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Ocher has been observed as a feature of burial traditions around the world, throughout history and prehistory. In Southeast Asia ocher first appears in Hòabìnhian burials; however, it is used discriminately, varying within and between sites. Understanding the selection process for individuals with pigmented burials has been difficult due to their limited number. The site of Khok Phanom Di, Thailand, dating from ~4000 to 3500 BP, reflects the variation of pigment use seen in earlier sites, with 82% of burials found to have ocher. The cemetery's uninterrupted use for ~500 years, the high number and standard of preservation of human remains, and nearly four decades of bioarcheological research have facilitated a detailed study of the use of pigment in relation to bioarcheological factors. This work examines the relationship between the presence or absence of ocher within a burial and chronology, age, sex, mobility, funerary behavior, and spatial organization to understand whether there was a relationship between selective use of ocher and these attributes. The results found a relationship between ocher use and burial chronology, grave type, grave goods, and age. Multivariate analysis demonstrates that age interacts with the other predictors of ocher. Burials without ocher are almost exclusively those of perinates, these were commonly small, shallow “scoop” burials without grave goods. The presence of ocher in ~38% of perinate burials illustrates the complexity of selective pigment use and demonstrates the need for further research.
Continuity and change in animal husbandry during the Later Iron Age of Britain
Authors: Bormetti Matteo , Albarella Umberto
Published: September 2024

The Later Iron Age in Britain was a transformative period: material culture, settlement patterns, technology, trade networks, and the structures of power changed, ultimately leading to the Roman invasion. This paper examines the significance of investigating animal economies in this period within the broader context of socio‐economic developments. It reviews the available evidence regarding animal economies in this period, integrates new osteometric analyses, and discusses diachronic changes using the Roman evidence on a comparative basis. The investigation shows a broad pattern of continuity of practice, with relatively uniform livestock types and management strategies until the very end of the Iron Age. This suggests that the trajectory of local farming practices was largely independent from Mediterranean developments. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Iron Age societies and their response to external influences, while also informing future research directions in archaeology.
Enhancing structural performance of 3D‐printed adhesively bonded flat‐joggle‐flat polymer joints with graphene‐reinforced adhesive
Authors: Dhilipkumar Thulasidhas , Venkatesan Raja , Hiremath Vinayak S. , Kesavan S. , P Karuppusamy , Shankar Karthik V. , Alduhaish Osamah
Published: September 2024

Adhesively bonded joints play a vital role in improving the structural performance of 3D‐printed components. This research aims to examine the effect of graphene inclusion on the failure load and vibrational behavior of polylactic acid flat‐joggle‐flat (FJF) joints prepared using fused deposition modeling. The present research focused on the effect of print directions (0°, 45°, 90°) and the inclusion of graphene nanofiller (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 wt%) on the performance of FJF joints. The effect of raster direction on mechanical properties was examined by tensile testing of dog‐bone samples. Results showed that 0° print orientation had higher tensile strength compared to other printing directions. Shear testing of FJF joints indicated that the inclusion of graphene has enhanced the strength of 3D‐printed FJF joints by 61.18%. Fractography results showed that the formation of the shear band with the inclusion of 0.50 wt% graphene helps to distribute the stress more evenly and prevent catastrophic failure of the FJF joint. The free vibrational test revealed that the inclusion of 0.50 wt% graphene had improved the natural frequencies, as the presence of graphene‐enhanced the interfacial bonding between FJF adherend and adhesive.

Highlights

0° print orientation had higher tensile strength than other printing directions.

Inclusion of graphene‐enhanced the shear strength of flat‐joggle‐flat (FJF) joints by 61.18%.

Shear band formation delayed the failure of graphene‐reinforced FJF joints.

FJF reinforced with 0.50 wt% graphene had adherend failure.

FJF joint added with 1.0 wt% graphene had lower natural frequencies.