bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“One of Us”/“One of them”: negotiating peer support on a men’s mental health ward
Authors: Gray Benjamin Thomas , Sisto Matthew , Conley Renee
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this service user narrative and viewpoint article is to describe interprofessional and interpersonal barriers to peer support on a men’s mental health ward over the course of a year from a lived experience perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

A reflective journal was kept and participant observation was conducted over the course of the year.

Findings

There is sometimes a fissure and binary of “Us” and “Them” on the ward. In other words, staff can sometimes perceive peer support workers to be “one of us” (a member of staff) or “one of them” (a service user). For service users, the opposite is sometimes true: “one of us” (a service user) or “one of them” (a member of staff). Peer support workers must bridge this gap and strive to be “one of us” with both these groups, which is no easy task. A good ward manager or peer team leader can smooth over interprofessional differences and support the peer worker in their efforts of care towards the recovery of people with mental health problems.

Originality/value

Little has been written on this topic in a mental health inpatient setting as most papers address community peer support work, which is very different from peer support in hospital. This paper addresses one of the first peer support pilot projects in hospital of its kind in NHS England so is quite innovative and perhaps even unique.
The role of digital finance, technological innovation, and human development to utilize natural resources efficiently: Analysis from developing Asia
Authors: Hehua Luo , Iqbal Zahid , Abidin Syed Zain Ul , Alharthi Aiedh Mrisi , Albalawi Olayan , Tian Tian
Published: August 2024

This study explores the transformative impact of the convergence of digital finance, technological innovation, and human development on the utilization of natural resources. Employing panel data from 1995 to 2019 for developing Asian nations and utilizing the CS Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS‐ARDL) model, the research unveils a positive and significant relationship between all independent variables and the utilization of natural resources. The collaborative interplay among these variables has led to remarkable progress, profoundly influencing the sustainable management of the Earth's finite resources. Positioned at the forefront of the digital revolution, financial technologies (fintech) have emerged as potent instruments, facilitating access to financial services and fostering comprehensive economic growth. Within developing Asian nations, the intricate dynamics among digital finance, technological innovation, and human development hold substantial potential to optimize natural resource efficiency, promoting sustainable economic growth and environmental stewardship. The amalgamation of these factors plays a pivotal role in nurturing sustainable practices, mitigating environmental degradation and propelling fair socioeconomic development.
Alveolar osteonecrosis and tooth exfoliation following herpes zoster infection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sun Z , Chen E , Yi D , Xiao S
Published: August 2024

Tooth loss and osteonecrosis of the jaw are a serious and rare oral complications of herpes zoster infection, particularly in immunocompetent individuals. An immunocompetent 58‐year‐old male patient presented with a sudden exfoliation of almost all the teeth in his right mandible 2 days prior. Three weeks before this event, he had been diagnosed with herpes zoster infection, which led to irreversible necrosis on the right side of his mandible over 3 months. He was subsequently diagnosed with the osteonecrosis of the right mandible following herpes zoster infection and received aggressive treatment including medication, laser therapy and surgery. We present here our insights into the risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment options for this rare complication based on our case and latest literature review.
Edge reconstruction and feature enhancement‐driven architecture for blind super‐resolution in medical imaging systems
Authors: Li Yinghua , Liu Yue , Xu Jian , Chu Hongyun , He Jinglu , Zhang Shengchuan , Liu Ying
Published: August 2024

In the field of single image super‐resolution, the prevalent use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) typically assumes a simplistic bicubic downsampling model for image degradation. This assumption misaligns with the complex degradation processes encountered in medical imaging, leading to a performance gap when these algorithms are applied to real medical scenarios. Addressing this critical discrepancy, our study introduces a novel degradation comparative learning framework meticulously designed for the nuanced degradation characteristics of medical images within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Unlike traditional CNN‐based super‐resolution approaches that homogeneously process image channels, our method acknowledges and leverages the disparity in informational content across channels. We present a blind image super‐resolution technique, underpinned by edge reconstruction and an innovative image feature supplement module. This approach not only preserves but enriches texture details, crucial for the accurate analysis of medical images in the IoMT. Comparative evaluations of our model against existing blind super‐resolution methods, utilizing both natural image testing datasets and medical images, demonstrate its superior performance. Notably, our approach exhibits remarkable proficiency in stably restoring various degraded super‐resolution images, a critical requirement in the IoMT context. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is superior to the current state‐of‐the‐art methods, marking a significant advancement in the field of medical image super‐resolution.
A multicriteria model for ranking logistics startups during the acquisition process in a transport company
Authors: de Medeiros Marcelo Gonçalves , Cavalcante Rodrigo José Leite , Carneiro de Lima da Silva Anderson Lucas , Reis Peixoto Roselli Lucia
Published: August 2024

The logistics market represents a fundamental segment for the circulation of goods and greater economic activity. Logistics startups have been gaining great importance, being potential substitutes for traditional carriers. Given this context, there is a huge need for large carriers to develop digital and sustainable solutions, and especially to look at inorganic strategies such as mergers and acquisitions. However, the process by which carriers may acquire logistics startups is quite complex. This study sought to solve the problem of ranking logistics startups with the potential to be acquired by the carrier in a Brazilian company through a multi‐criteria approach. The Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff) method was used to solve the case and a ranking of the startups was obtained. The whole process was quick and simple, so this study contributes to proposing a useful model for logistics problems, and demonstrates the practicality of how to solve them using FITradeoff.
Explaining Injustice: Causation through a Remedial Lens
Authors: Erck Susan
Published: August 2024

When devising a plan of remedial action to address an ongoing injustice, it is desirable to possess an understanding of the key contributing factors and mechanisms that produce and sustain it. This is the domain of etiology of injustice. Etiology of injustice involves practices of causal selection that give explanatory priority to the operative causation of the injustice at issue. Operative causation refers to those processes and conditions that might be changed for the injustice to cease and to be sufficiently prevented in the future. This article uses causal selection criteria to theorize the ways in which a remedial orientation toward the explanandum of injustice determines the parameters of explanatory relevance.
Hidden structural information reconstruction and seismic response analysis of high‐rise residential shear wall buildings with limited structural data
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Wen Weiping , Zhai Changhai , Wei Yuqiu , Ruan Penghao
Published: August 2024

The high‐rise residential shear wall structure is a crucial component of urban building clusters, while the limited availability of detailed structural information becomes a critical bottleneck in improving the accuracy of seismic performance assessment for high‐rise residential shear wall buildings in urban areas. Based on easily obtainable yet limited structural data at the urban scale, this paper proposes a method to address the shortcomings of existing research on reconstructing hidden structural information and enhance the accuracy of structural seismic performance assessment. It includes a physics‐constrained generative adversarial network module and a fuzzy inference system module to reconstruct the spatial arrangement of shear walls, and material strength grades within buildings, respectively. Validated against two actual buildings, the method outperforms the widely used simplified analysis method at the urban scale, achieving 85.9% accuracy in predicting damage states across various floors.
Diagnostic challenge: Juvenile bullous pemphigoid with a negative BP180 ELISA
Authors: Fairley Janet A. , Berrebi Kristen G. , Poggemiller Andrew M. , Varzavand Afshin , Messingham Kelly N.
Published: August 2024

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease primarily affecting the elderly, whereas cases of juvenile BP are rare. Both types of BP are typically mediated by autoantibodies targeting the NC16A region of BP180; however, a small subset of adult patient sera react to other regions of the protein. The incidence of a similar occurrence in juvenile BP is unknown. This case of juvenile BP with a negative BP180 ELISA highlights diagnostic pitfalls that can lead to a delay in the correct diagnosis in the pediatric population.
From a cultural to a distributive issue: Public climate action as a new field for comparative political economy
Authors: Schwander Hanna , Fischer Jonas
Published: August 2024

This article reviews recent insights from the blooming Comparative Political Economy (CPE) literature on climate change with the aim to demonstrate the importance of integrating climate change into the field of CPE and to highlight the contributions of CPE to our understanding of the social and political obstacles to effective climate policies. In addition, we advance two key points to bring the CPE literature forward. To tighten the dialogue between the “electoral politics” and “interest group politics” approaches, we propose understanding climate politics as a triadic conflict between losers of climate change, losers of public climate action (PCA), and winners of PCA. Second, we argue that the scope of CPE studies needs expansion. While existing CPE literature predominantly focuses on climate change mitigation, it is essential to consider climate change adaptation due to its significant distributive implications at the macro‐ and micro‐levels of societies.
Research on the water‐ground multimodal transport emergency scheduling model and decision‐making method considering the actual road network inundation situation
Authors: Song Yan , Sun Baiqing , Han Yunwu , Xing Zhenming
Published: August 2024

As urbanization continues to accelerate worldwide, urban flooding is becoming increasingly destructive, making it important to improve emergency scheduling capabilities. Compared to other scheduling problems, the urban flood emergency rescue scheduling problem is more complicated. Considering the impact of a disaster on the road network passability, a single type of vehicle cannot complete all rescue tasks. A reasonable combination of multiple vehicle types for cooperative rescue can improve the efficiency of rescue tasks. This study focuses on the urban flood emergency rescue scheduling problem considering the actual road network inundation situation. First, the progress and shortcomings of related research are analyzed. Then, a four‐level emergency transportation network based on the collaborative water‐ground multimodal transport transshipment mode is established. It is shown that the transshipment points have random locations and quantities according to the actual inundation situation. Subsequently, an interactive model based on hierarchical optimization is constructed considering the travel length, travel time, and waiting time as hierarchical optimization objectives. Next, an improved A* algorithm based on the quantity of specific extension nodes is proposed, and a scheduling scheme decision‐making algorithm is proposed based on the improved A* and greedy algorithms. Finally, the proposed decision‐making algorithm is applied in a practical example for solving and comparative analysis, and the results show that the improved A* algorithm is faster and more accurate. The results also verify the effectiveness of the scheduling model and decision‐making algorithm. Finally, a scheduling scheme with the shortest travel time for the proposed emergency scheduling problem is obtained.
Human brain imaging with high‐density electroencephalography: Techniques and applications
Authors: Marino Marco , Mantini Dante
Published: August 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for non‐invasively measuring neuronal activity in the human brain using electrodes placed on the participant's scalp. With the advancement of digital technologies, EEG analysis has evolved over time from the qualitative analysis of amplitude and frequency modulations to a comprehensive analysis of the complex spatiotemporal characteristics of the recorded signals. EEG is now considered a powerful tool for measuring neural processes in the same time frame in which they happen (i.e. the subsecond range). However, it is commonly argued that EEG suffers from low spatial resolution, which makes it difficult to localize the generators of EEG activity accurately and reliably. Today, the availability of high‐density EEG (hdEEG) systems, combined with methods for incorporating information on head anatomy and sophisticated source‐localization algorithms, has transformed EEG into an important neuroimaging tool. hdEEG offers researchers and clinicians a rich and varied range of applications. It can be used not only for investigating neural correlates in motor and cognitive neuroscience experiments, but also for clinical diagnosis, particularly in the detection of epilepsy and the characterization of neural impairments in a wide range of neurological disorders. Notably, the integration of hdEEG systems with other physiological recordings, such as kinematic and/or electromyography data, might be especially beneficial to better understand the neuromuscular mechanisms associated with deconditioning in ageing and neuromotor disorders, by mapping the neurokinematic and neuromuscular connectivity patterns directly in the brain.

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Probing coherent phonons in the advanced undergraduate laboratory
Authors: Brennan Nicholas J. , Peidle Joseph , Wang-Holtzen Anna , Fang Jieping , Ledbetter Kathryn , Mitrano Matteo
Published: August 2024

Ultrafast optical spectroscopy is an effective experimental technique for accessing electronic and atomic motions in materials at their fundamental timescales and studying their responses to external perturbations. Despite the important insights that ultrafast techniques can provide on the microscopic physics of solids, undergraduate students' exposure to this area of research is still limited. In this article, we describe an ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy experiment for the advanced undergraduate instructional laboratory, in which students can measure coherently excited vibrations of the crystal lattice and connect their observations to the microscopic properties of the investigated materials. We designed a simple table-top apparatus based on a commercial Er-fiber oscillator emitting 50-fs pulses at 1560 nm and at 100 MHz repetition rate. We split the output into two beams, using one of them as an intense “pump” to coherently excite phonons in selected crystals, and the other as a weaker, delayed “probe” to measure the transient reflectivity changes induced by the pump. We characterize the ultrafast laser pulses via intensity autocorrelation measurements and detect coherent phonon oscillations in the reflectivity of Bi, Sb, and 1T-TaS2. We then discuss the oscillation amplitude, frequency, and damping in terms of microscopic properties of these systems.
U.S. agency funding for climate and health research falls short
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: August 2024

Interdisciplinary teams struggle to find a home in siloed federal grant-funding system
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin-Goltz) syndrome: an incidental finding
Authors: Kaggare Puttaraju Mahesh , Theenathayalan Meera
Published: August 2024

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as basal cell nevus syndrome, is a rare condition characterised by skeletal abnormalities, odontogenic keratocysts and basal cell nevi. Diagnosis of this condition is based on major and minor clinical and radiological criteria. Oral medicine and radiology specialists are crucial in diagnosing this condition due to the oral and maxillofacial symptoms. However, conventional radiographs may not provide enough information for an accurate diagnosis, including the two-dimensional imaging modalities. Therefore, the importance of advanced digital imaging for diagnosis is highlighted in this case report of a male patient in his late 20s. The patient had missing teeth and asymptomatic multiple swelling in the orofacial region for 2 months. Routine clinical examination, radiographic investigations and histopathological evaluation led to incidental finding of multiple cystic lesions in the maxillary and mandibular region which on further evaluation led to the final diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.
A Review of the Mechanism of Bailing for Diabetic Nephropathy Based on ChatGPT and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Xi Weiwei , Zhao Xuming , Wang Boya , Zhu Yichen , Li Hua
Published: August 2024

Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is increasingly recognized as a critical complication in individuals with diabetes and a significant contributor to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Bailing capsules, which contain fermented cordyceps mycelium, are commonly utilized in treating various kidney disorders, including DN in clinical practice. This review aims to comprehensively detail the pharmacologically active components of Bailing, its mechanisms of action, and its clinical usage. By employing network pharmacology, we delve into the possible pathways Bailing impacts DN treatment. Current studies suggest that Bailing’s efficacy in DN primarily involves mechanisms related to lipid and atherosclerosis, cancer pathways, and small‐cell lung cancer. Key active ingredients in Bailing that contribute to its therapeutic effects include arachidonic acid, linalyl acetate, β‐sitosterol, and CLR. Furthermore, for literature selection in this review, we integrated GPT‐4 with bias analysis coprocessing. This evaluation provides a foundational understanding and direction for future research into the use of Bailing as a novel treatment for DN.
Morphometrics and Reproductive Characteristics of the Freshwater Crab Sartoriana spinigera from the Habitat of Ratargul Swamp Forest, Bangladesh: An Approach to Conservation
Authors: Akther Sanjida , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Pandit Debasish , Chowdhury Thouhidur Rahman , Mian Sohel
Published: August 2024

A total of 332 freshwater crab Sartoriana spinigera samples were collected for eight consecutive months from the Ratargul freshwater swamp forest, Bangladesh, to examine their general morphometrics and reproductive traits. The length‐weight relationships of carapace weight with carapace length, width, and depth indicated negative allometric growth. The logarithmic relationship between carapace weight and carapace length, carapace weight and carapace width, and carapace weight and carapace depth exhibited a correlation value of 0.86, 0.79, and 0.56, respectively. Fulton’s condition factor and allometric condition factor were found to be highest in March and lowest in October. The sex ratio was 1.59 : 1 for the male to female, which did not show a considerable divergence from the expected 1 : 1 ratio in the chi‐square test (P < 0.05). In July, a maximum of mature individuals was collected and investigated. The fertilization was 1297 ± 629 ova, the ovary weight was 447.22 ± 359.39 mg, and the egg diameter was 375.15 ± 130.18 µm. Histological analysis showed that the male hepatopancreas was well organized and decomposition was reported in the female during the vitellogenic stages of the ovary. Spermatogonium cells were found in the male gonad, and cells from the female gonad were in the vitellogenic mature stage. In conclusion, the research will serve as a foundation for future research work on freshwater crab species as well as the conservation and maintenance of the ecological balance of this species in the Ratargul freshwater swamp forest.
Exploring Zirconia Adhesion: Pre and Postsintering Physical Surface Treatment, Chemical Treatment, and Cement Interactions
Authors: Gonçalves Flávia , Ayala-Perez Mirko Dennys , Reis Francisco Carlos dos Santos , Miranda-Júnior Walter Gomes , Boaro Letícia Cristina Cidreira
Published: August 2024

Background: Adhesion to zirconia remains a significant dental challenge. This study is aimed at assessing the bond strength of zirconia based on surface treatment with pre or postsintering sandblasting associated with different chemical treatments and resin cements.

Methods: Zirconia blocks were divided into 12 experimental groups based on the surface treatment (presintering sandblasting or postsintering sandblasting/tribochemical abrasion treatment), chemical treatment (none, Single Bond Universal, or Signum Zirconia Bond), and choice of cement (Panavia F or RelyX™ U200). The bond strength was measured by shear tests using a universal testing machine. The fracture analysis was performed using stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using three‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 5%).

Results: Triple and double factor’s interactions were not significant (p > 0.05). Regarding the surface treatment factor, the bond strength following postsintering sandblasting treatment associated with tribochemical abrasion (9.15 ± 3.62 MPa) was significantly higher than presintering sandblasting treatment (5.24 ± 3.53 MPa). Concerning the chemical treatment factor, bond strengths were ranked as follows: Signum Zirconia Bond > Single Bond Universal > no treatment. The bond strength of the resin cements did not differ among them. Most fractures (67%) were classified as adhesive, and 32% were categorized as mixed fractures.

Conclusion: Surface treatment via postsintering sandblasting combined with tribochemical abrasion demonstrated superior efficacy than in presintering sandblasting. Additionally, chemical treatment with zirconia primer increased the bond strength of zirconia irrespective of the surface physical treatment.
Pitting Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Electroactivated Water
Authors: Valdez-Salas Benjamín , Salvador-Carlos Jorge , Beltrán-Partida Ernesto , Curiel-Álvarez Mario Alberto , Valdez-Salas Ernesto , Cheng Nelson
Published: August 2024

The pitting corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels (SSs) UNS S30400 and UNS S31600 exposed to electroactivated water (EAWA) (oxidation–reduction potential [ORP] 1100 ± 15 mV and pH 4.5 ± 0.2) was evaluated by gravimetric tests, linear and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Gravimetric and electrochemical results for corrosion rates indicate a good corrosion resistance of the tested SS. However, localized pitting corrosion appears after 1 week of exposure to EAWA, as was corroborated by the results of both corrosion rate and surface analysis. Special care must be taken for the sanitization of SS surfaces used in medical installations to avoid their corrosion when EAWA is applied as a disinfectant.
Ameliorating Effects of Aloe Emodin in an Aluminum‐Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model
Authors: Zhao Xitong , Yao Ni , Fan Wenqian , Du Baojian , Chen Yang , Wang Chuyin , Song Lingling , Yin Jianing , Fang Fang , Guan Jun
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and threatens the health of the aged population worldwide. In the present study, we investigated cognitive improvement by aloe emodin in aluminum‐induced AD rats. We orally administered aluminum chloride (150 mg/kg) to Sprague–Dawley rats for 8 weeks to induce AD. In the 5th to the 8th week, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with AE (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical assessments were performed. The results showed that AE alleviated cognitive impairment in aluminum‐induced AD rats and inhibited aluminum‐induced hippocampal neuronal damage. Furthermore, aloe emodin relieved the aluminum burden in the brain of aluminum‐induced AD rats, attenuated the aluminum‐induced increase in Aβ42 level and acetylcholinesterase activity, and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1α, and interleukin‐1β. These effects suggest that the mechanism by which AE alleviates AD‐related cognitive impairment is by removal of excess aluminum, decreasing Aβ42 deposition, regulating the cholinergic system, and reducing neuroinflammation.
Alpha Power Transformation of the Lindley Probability Distribution
Authors: Dugasa Shibiru Jabessa , Goshu Ayele Taye , Arero Butte Gotu
Published: August 2024

This paper presents the alpha power transformation of the Lindley probability distribution (APTLD), which is a new model with four parameters. The probability density, cumulative distribution, hazard, and survival functions are derived and presented. Its properties including moments, moment‐generating and quantile functions are obtained. The maximum likelihood method is derived for parameter estimation of the model. Simulation studies are performed to generate random observations from the model. The new distribution model is fitted to two real datasets, revealing better fit as compared to other five distributions. The new probability distribution reveals interesting properties with the flexible shape of its hazard function and could be considered as a new contribution to the field of statistics and probability theory. The findings of this study can be used as the basis for future research in statistics and probability, as well as in different application areas such as health, engineering, education, and economics.
The Impact of the Critical Care Resuscitation Unit on Quaternary Care Accessibility for Rural Patients: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Tran Quincy K. , Ternovskaia Anastasia , Downing Jessica V. , Cheema Minahil , Kowansky Taylor , Vashee Isha , Sayal Jasjot , Wu Jasmine , Singh Aditi , Haase Daniel J.
Published: August 2024

Background. Previous research suggests that patients from rural areas who are critically ill with complex medical needs or require time‐sensitive subspecialty interventions face worse healthcare outcomes and delays in care when compared to those from urban areas. The critical care resuscitation unit (CCRU) at our quaternary care center was established to expedite the transfer of critically ill patients or those who need time‐sensitive intervention. This study investigates if disparities exist in treatments and outcomes among patients transferred to the CCRU from rural versus urban hospitals. Methods. This is a retrospective study of adult, nontrauma patients admitted to the CCRU via interhospital transfer from outside facilities from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Patients transferred from within our institution or with missing clinical data were excluded. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to measure the association between patients’ demographic and clinical factors with in‐hospital mortality. Results. We analyzed 1381 nontrauma patients, and 484 (35%) were from rural areas. Median age was 59 [47–69], and 629 (46%) were female. Median sequential organ failure assessment was 3 ([1–6], p = 0.062) for both patients transferred from urban and rural hospitals. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to most demographic and clinical factors, as well as types of interventions after CCRU arrival, including emergent surgical interventions within 12 hours of arrival at the CCRU. Rural patients were more likely to be transferred for care by the acute care emergency surgery service than were patients from urban areas and were transferred over a significantly greater distance (difference of 53 kilometers (km), 95% CI: –58.9–51.7 km, P < 0.001). Transfer from rural areas was not associated with increased odds of in‐hospital mortality (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.60, 1.36; P = 0.63). Conclusion. Thirty‐five percent of patients transferred to the CCRU came from rural areas, which house 25% of the state population of Maryland. Patients transferred from rural counties to the CCRU faced greater transport distances, but they received the same level of care upon arrival at the CCRU and had the same odds of in‐hospital mortality as patients transferred from urban hospitals.
Study the Electrochemical Performance of a Novel Pseudosupercapacitor Fabricated by a Quaternary Aerogel System (ZnO/TiO2/GO/SA)
Authors: Mahmood Rasha Shakir , Hussain Dhia Hadi
Published: August 2024

A quaternary hybrid nanocomposite was prepared from ZnO/TiO2/GO/SA with different proportions of graphene oxide (10%, 20%, and 30%) through the use of the liquid blending method. The change in the composition of the structure of the nanocomposite was diagnosed using Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and field emission scanning electron microscope techniques (FESEM), and the effect of changing the proportion of graphene oxide on the electrochemical performance was studied through the use of the three‐electrode system. From the results, it was found that the electrode ZnO/TiO2/GO/SA with a ratio of 30% of graphene oxide achieved the highest specific capacity of 350 F/g at a current density of 1 mA/g due to its high surface area as a result of the increased percentage of graphene oxide. Thus, it has a large number of active sites and a low internal resistance of the electrode itself. Also, this electrode achieved a high energy density value of up to 194 Wh/kg and a power density of 994 W/kg. The charging‐discharging cycles of the electrode ZnO/TiO2/GO/SA with a ratio of 30% remained stable at 98% for 5000 cycles at a current density of 9 mA/g. That means this electrode is suitable for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.
Empowering Speech by Moderating It
Authors: Citron Danielle Keats , Penney Jonathon
Published: August 2024

Content moderation is typically viewed as an affront to free expression. When companies remove online abuse, they face accusations of censorship. Lost in the discussion is the fact that victims of intimate privacy violations and cyberstalking typically-and regrettably-withdraw from on- and offline activities. Online assaults chase targeted individuals offline; they silence victims. Content moderation can secure opportunities for people to speak. Legal and corporate prohibitions against intimate privacy violations and cyberstalking can help provide the reassurance that victims need to stay online. They can endow individuals with a sense of trust so they continue to use networked technologies to express themselves. Those prohibitions are consonant with First Amendment doctrine and free speech values. Combating online abuse isn't a zero-sum game with free speech as the loser. Rather, it can free us to speak by changing the culture that rewards abuse and encourages self-censorship.
The Future of Free Speech: Curiosity Culture
Authors: Gross Olivia Eve
Published: August 2024

On college campuses today, students contemplate whether sharing their opinion is worth the consequences. In this essay, I delineate the current state of speech on college campuses and explore the role of no-platforming, social coercion, and social media's impact on this environment. Additionally, I describe how students are stifling the university experience by using a variety of methods to either silence speech or ensure that certain speech receives social punishment. The practice of elevating one's own view by silencing others’ speech is not a new tactic, but is one that persists on college campuses in a variety of forms. To combat the current speech climate on campus, we need to foster a culture that is more curious and inquisitive by providing tools to students at a young age that support their ability to agreeably disagree and thrive in environments of open discourse.
Should We Trust the Censor?
Authors: Whittington Keith E.
Published: August 2024

Central to the American tradition of expanding protections for controversial speech is a robust distrust of potential censors to make reasonable judgments about what speech should be suppressed. But the arguments for a more restrictive approach to speech often implicitly or explicitly evince much greater trust in the likely decisionmakers who will be entrusted with the authority to suppress speech. Whether restricting Communist speech, antiwar speech, “hate speech,” or “disinformation,” the case for empowering some authority figure-such as campus administrators, technology company employees, or government officials-builds on an assumption that those authority figures will be motivated by good intentions and be endowed with good judgment to make reasonable distinctions between the speech that should be tolerated and the speech that should not. Such confidence would often seem to be misplaced.
Prevalence and risk factors of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) among veterans in the airborne hazards and open burn pit registry: a prospective, observational, nested study
Authors: Phen Sherilynn M. , Jani Nisha , Klein-Adams Jacquelyn C. , Ndirangu Duncan S. , Rahman Azizur , Falvo Michael J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Veterans have unique military risk factors and exposures during deployment that may augment their risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). The purpose of this study is to identify potential risk factors for PASC among Veterans in the national Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry (AHOBPR).

Methods

This prospective observational study consisted of a semi-structured interview conducted via phone or videoconference from November 2021 to December 2022 among a stratified random sample of deployed Veterans nested within the national AHOBPR with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. PASC was defined as persistent new-onset symptoms lasting more than 2 months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Deployment history, airborne hazards exposure and symptoms were obtained from the AHOBPR self-assessment questionnaire completed prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection (past). Post-infection symptoms and health behaviors obtained at study interview (present) were used to test the hypothesis that deployment experience and exposure increases the risk for PASC.

Results

From a sample of 212 Veterans, 149 (70%) met criteria for PASC with a mean age of 47 ± 8.7 years; 73 (49%) were women and 76 (51%) were men, and 129 (82.6%) continued to experience persistent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (596.8 ± 160.4 days since initial infection). Neither exposure to airborne hazards (OR 0.97, CI 0.92–1.03) or to burn pits (OR 1.00, CI 0.99-1.00) augmented risk for PASC.

Conclusions

PASC is highly common among Veterans enrolled in the AHOBPR, but we did not observe any unique military risk factors (e.g., airborne hazards exposure) that augmented the risk of PASC. Our findings may provide guidance to clinicians in the VHA network to administer appropriate care for Veterans experiencing PASC.
Cancer research provides a model for advancing clinical trials in dementia in the era of disease-modifying Alzheimer’s-type dementia therapies
Authors: Jicha Gregory A. , Tucker Thomas C. , Arnold Susanne M. , Nelson Peter T.
Published: August 2024

Dementia and cancer are multifactorial, widely-feared, age-associated clinical syndromes that are increasing in prevalence. There have been major breakthroughs in clinical cancer research leading to some effective treatments, whereas the field of dementia has achieved comparatively limited success in clinical research. The lessons of cancer research may help those in the dementia research field in confronting some of the dilemmas faced when the clinical care regimen is not entirely safe or efficacious. Cancer clinical trials have assumed that untreated individuals with cancer are at high risk for morbidity and mortality after primary diagnoses. Thus, patients deserve a choice of clinical interventions, either standard of care or experimental, even if the benefits are not certain and the therapy’s side effects are potentially severe. The prognosis for many individuals at risk for dementia carries a correspondingly high level of risk for both mortality and severe morbidity, particularly if one focuses on “health-span” rather than lifespan. Caregivers and patients can be strongly impacted by dementia and the many troubling associated symptoms that often go well beyond amnesia. Polls, surveys, and a literature on “dementia worry” strongly underscore that the public fears dementia. While there are institutional and industry hurdles that complicate enrollment in randomized trials, the gravity of the future morbidity and mortality inherent in a dementia diagnosis may require reconsideration of the current protective stance that limits the freedom of at-risk individuals (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) to participate and potentially benefit from ongoing clinical research. There is also evidence from both cancer and dementia research that individuals enrolled in the placebo arms of clinical trials have unexpectedly good outcomes, indicating that participation in clinical trial can have medical benefits to enrollees. To highlight aspects of cancer clinical research that may inform present and future dementia clinical research, this review highlights three main themes: the risk of side effects should be weighed against the often dire consequences of non-treatment; the desirability of long-term incremental (rather than “magic bullet”) clinical advances; and, the eventual importance of combination therapies, reflecting that the dementia clinical syndrome has many underlying biological pathways.
It’s in the Syllabus: What Syllabi Tell us about Introductory Biology Courses
Authors: Heil Austin , Olaniran Joshua , Gormally Cara , Brickman Marguerite (Peggy)
Published: August 2024

Researchers characterized the landscape of student learning expectations for introductory biology using course level learning objectives ( N = 1,108) and course schedules ( N = 203) from non-major, mixed major, and major introductory biology syllabi.
Association of Tobacco Use and Cancer Incidence in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Ramamoorthy Thilagavathi , Sarveswaran Gokul , Jadhav Snehal Yuvraj , Mathur Prashant
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

To estimate the strength of the association between tobacco use and cancer incidence among the Indian population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data from PubMed, Embase, and Virtual Health Library were searched from inception of databases till April 30, 2022. There were no restrictions except for English language and human study. Case-control and cohort studies on cancer incidence in relation to tobacco use were selected. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The quality assessment was done using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS

The majority were case-control designs (60, 89.6%), covering diverse geographic regions, with Maharashtra (18, 30%) and Kerala (12, 20%) being the most studied. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model, and forest plots were generated. The risk of any cancer associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco was 2.71 (95% CI, 2.25 to 3.16) and 2.68 (95% CI, 2.22 to 3.14), respectively, indicating similar risks. Gender-wise, smoked tobacco had an association of 2.35 (95% CI, 2.05 to 2.65) for males, whereas for smokeless tobacco, it was 1.77 (95% CI, 1.47 to 2.07) for males and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.26 to 3.42) for females. Regardless of gender, tobacco type, and affected body parts, the risk of cancer due to tobacco use was consistent in the Indian population. Site-specific analysis showed higher risks of respiratory system cancers of 4.97 (95% CI, 3.62 to 6.32) and head and neck cancers of 3.95 (95% CI, 3.48 to 4.42).

CONCLUSION

This study underscores that both smoked and smokeless tobacco are equally harmful to human health among the Indian population, providing insights for stakeholders and policymakers to arrive at tobacco-specific interventions.
Effectiveness of vitamin c in the management of viral infections in adults
Authors: Kozioł Magdalena , Cąkała Marlena , Podgórniak Kamila , Zajkowska Aleksandra , Witkowska Maria , Skotnicka Joanna
Published: August 2024

Abstract
 
Introduction:
Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is an essential water-soluble nutrient. Vitamin C has important anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antioxidant, antithrombotic and antiviral properties. The role of vitamin C in preventing and treating the upper respiratory tract infections has been controversial since the dual Nobel laureate Linus Pauling published a book in 1970 claiming that vitamin C prevents and alleviates symptoms of common cold. 
Aim of the study: 
The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C administration during viral infections in the adult population.
Brief description of the state of knowledge:
In the analyzed studies, vitamin C supplementation has been found to play a role in respiratory defense mechanisms for specific groups of patients with upper respiratory tract infections.  While there is some promise in the use of vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19, current evidence for its efficacy in pneumonia is weak, but vitamin C may still have a place in treatment, particularly for patients with low levels of the vitamin. Additional research is necessary to determine the efficacy of administering vitamin C for the treatment of pneumonia, the common cold, and COVID-19.
Conclusions:
The available evidence from the studies does not provide clear proof of the efficacy of vitamin C supplementation in preventing or treating viral infections such as the common cold, COVID-19 or pneumonia. Further studies, particularly randomized clinical trials, are necessary to demonstrate its effectiveness in specific viral infections. The current evidence is insufficient to recommend the use of vitamin C for preventing or treating viral infections in the general population. 
Key words: vitamin C; ascorbic acid; viral infections; common cold; COVID-19; pneumonia
Monumento memoriale
Authors: Canella Gentucca
Published: August 2024

Il numero apre, in via sperimentale, a una riflessione sul Monumento memoriale attraverso il coinvolgimento operativo, in un concorso di progettazione, dei dottorandi in architettura con la partecipazione vincolante di uno scultore. Il progetto di un memoriale celebrativo in cinque contesti di singolare valore ha visto un’iniziale selezione degli elaborati di primo grado (abstract, bozzetto, modello), da parte di una giuria presieduta da Paolo Icaro, maestro scultore, con Carmen Andriani, ordinario in composizione architettonica. Una giuria d’eccezione, quindi, che ha saputo riprendere certe costanti di impegno morale presenti in alcuni straordinari concorsi nazionali di progettazione tra gli anni Sessanta e Settanta del Novecento. Questo scritto si discosta pertanto da un editoriale in senso tradizionale cercando, seppur con molte incertezze, di proporre un ragionamento oscillante tra scultura e architettura, tra tensione plastica e elementi del comporre, tra carattere “domestico” e “monumento di memoria”, tra “tensione al rientro” e critica militante.
Learning from Unknown Information Sources
Authors: Liang Yucheng
Published: August 2024

When an agent receives information from a source whose accuracy might be either high or low, standard theory dictates that she update as if the source has medium accuracy. In a laboratory experiment, subjects deviate from this benchmark by reacting less to uncertain sources, especially when the sources release good news. This pattern is validated using observational data on stock price reactions to analyst earnings forecasts, where analysts with no forecast records are classified as uncertain sources. A theory of belief updating where agents are insensitive and averse to information accuracy uncertainty can explain these results.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.

Funding: Y. Liang gratefully acknowledges the support of the Russell Sage Foundation (Small Grant in Behavioral Economics).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03551 .
Monoflange custom-made partial pelvis replacements offer a viable solution in extensive Paprosky III defects
Authors: Hanusrichter Yannik , Gebert Carsten , Steinbeck Maximilian , Dudda Marcel , Hardes Jendrik , Frieler Sven , Jeys Lee M. , Wessling Martin
Published: August 2024

Aims

Custom-made partial pelvis replacements (PPRs) are increasingly used in the reconstruction of large acetabular defects and have mainly been designed using a triflange approach, requiring extensive soft-tissue dissection. The monoflange design, where primary intramedullary fixation within the ilium combined with a monoflange for rotational stability, was anticipated to overcome this obstacle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the design with regard to functional outcome, complications, and acetabular reconstruction.

Methods

Between 2014 and 2023, 79 patients with a mean follow-up of 33 months (SD 22; 9 to 103) were included. Functional outcome was measured using the Harris Hip Score and EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). PPR revisions were defined as an endpoint, and subgroups were analyzed to determine risk factors.

Results

Implantation was possible in all cases with a 2D centre of rotation deviation of 10 mm (SD 5.8; 1 to 29). PPR revision was necessary in eight (10%) patients. HHS increased significantly from 33 to 72 postoperatively, with a mean increase of 39 points (p < 0.001). Postoperative EQ-5D score was 0.7 (SD 0.3; -0.3 to 1). Risk factor analysis showed significant revision rates for septic indications (p ≤ 0.001) as well as femoral defect size (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Since large acetabular defects are being treated surgically more often, custom-made PPR should be integrated as an option in treatment algorithms. Monoflange PPR, with primary iliac fixation, offers a viable treatment option for Paprosky III defects with promising functional results, while requiring less soft-tissue exposure and allowing immediate full weightbearing.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):688–696.