bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Remote Electronic Activation of Aromatic C—F Bonds.
Authors: Watson Andrew J. A. , Atkinson Benjamin N. , Maxwell Aoife C. , Williams Jonathan M. J.
Published: July 2013

For the first time the tandem isomerization and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of allylic fluoro‐substituted benzylic alcohols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Arylation of Benzoquinone in Water Through Aniline Activation: Synergistic Effect of Graphite‐Supported Copper Oxide Nanoparticles.
Authors: Honraedt Aurelien , Le Callonnec Francois , Le Grognec Erwan , Fernandez Vincent , Felpin Francois‐Xavier
Published: July 2013

This is the first Meerwein arylation under heterogeneous catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes Using a Recyclable Oxoammonium Salt.
Authors: Kelly Christopher B. , Mercadante Michael A. , Wiles Rebecca J. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: July 2013

A wide range of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes is applied.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Ion Mediated in situ Synthesis of Mixed Diaryl Sulfides from Diaryl Disulfides.
Authors: Gogoi Prasanta , Gogoi Sandhya R. , Kalita Mukul , Barman Pranjit
Published: July 2013

AgNO3 is used as an efficient reagent for the sulfenylation of phenol derivatives or indole to give the corresponding diaryl sulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free and Microwave‐Assisted Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones.
Authors: Kumar Dalip , Arun V. , Pilania Meenakshi , Shekar K. P. Chandra
Published: July 2013

Various sulfinates react with a broad spectrum of symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts to give the corresponding sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Sodium Sulfinates with Benzyl Chlorides.
Authors: Zhao Feng , Tan Qi , Xiao Fuhong , Zhang Shufeng , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: July 2013

This method is based on the use of aromatic sodium sulfinates as aryl sources, affording diarylmethanes in moderate to good yields via extrusion of SO2.
ChemInform Abstract: A Soft Vinyl Enolization Approach to α‐Acylvinyl Anions: Direct Aldol/Aldol Condensation Reactions of (E)‐β‐Chlorovinyl Ketones.
Authors: Kim Hun Young , Li Jian‐Yuan , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: July 2013

Treatment of the title compounds with NEt3 generates novel vinyl anion synthons which undergo aldol reaction with aldehydes to give aldol‐type allene structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Acylation of N‐Benzyltriflamides from the Alcohol Oxidation Level via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Kim In Su , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The Pd‐catalyzed acylation of triflamides (I) and (IV) with alcohols (II) in the presence of tBuOOH leads selectively to ortho‐monoacylated products (III) and (V), whilst the analogous reaction of triflamide (VI) affords a mixture of mono‐ and diacylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodispersed and Stable Nano Copper(0) from Copper‐Aluminum Hydrotalcite: Importance in C—C Couplings of Deactivated Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Arundhathi Racha , Damodara Dandu , Mohan Kakita Veera , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Likhar Pravin R.
Published: July 2013

The catalytic system is effective in Heck‐, Suzuki‐, Stille‐ and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Selective Carbonylative and Non‐Carbonylative Couplings of Propiolic Acid: One‐Pot Synthesis of Diarylalkynones.
Authors: Kim Wonyoung , Park Kyungho , Park Ahbyeol , Choe Juseok , Lee Sunwoo
Published: July 2013

Diarylalkynones are synthesized from one‐pot Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative and noncarbonylative coupling reactions of propiolic acid with aryl iodides under a carbon monoxide atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity of Palladium Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complexes in the Synthesis of 1,3‐Diarylpropynones via Sonogashira Reaction: Cross‐ versus Homo‐Coupling.
Authors: Ryabukhin Dmitry S. , Sorokoumov Viktor N. , Savicheva Elizaveta A. , Boyarskiy Vadim P. , Balova Irina A. , Vasilyev Aleksander V.
Published: July 2013

Different acyclic diaminocarbene complexes (I)‐(III) can be efficiently used under air in an extremely low amount for the Sonogashira coupling of terminal alkynes with benzoyl chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of 1‐[Aryl(p‐tolylsulfanyl)methyl]naphthalen‐2‐ols Using p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid as a Catalyst.
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: July 2013

The title compounds (IV) are obtained in the one‐pot, three‐component reaction of 2‐naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and thiols.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Syntheses of Δα,β and Δβ,γ Butenolides from Allylic Cyclopropenecarboxylates via Tandem Ring Expansion/[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangements.
Authors: Xie Xiaocong , Li Yi , Fox Joseph M.
Published: July 2013

Allylic cyclopropenecarboxylates engage in Rh‐catalyzed ring expansion reactions to deliver allyloxyfuran intermediates which subsequently rearrange into Δβ,γ butenolides, e.g. (II), via Claisen rearrangement or into the corresponding Δα,β butenolides, e.g. (VII), via further Cope rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly Functionalized Benzofurans from ortho‐Hydroxyphenones and Dichloroethylene: Applications and Mechanistic Investigations.
Authors: Schevenels Florian , Tinant Bernard , Declercq Jean‐Paul , Marko Istvan E.
Published: July 2013

The synthetic potential of the new method is demonstrated by the synthesis of the biologically active compounds nerolione (IV) and the lipoxygenase inhibitor (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Vinylindoles Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis.
Authors: Hayashi Kazushi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yanagisawa Akira
Published: July 2013

A new method for the selective synthesis of the title indoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pentafluorosulfanyl‐Containing Indoles and Oxindoles.
Authors: Iakobson George , Posta Martin , Beier Petr
Published: July 2013

The title species are prepared from various nitro(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzene derivatives: catalytic hydrogenation of substrates (I) and (III) directly provides the target indoles; sulfon‐substituted substrates (VIII) are converted into 2‐arylindoles via nitro group reduction, imine formation, and base‐induced cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Regioselective Synthesis of Alkylthio‐ or Arylthioindoles Without the Use of Smelly Compounds such as Thiols.
Authors: Hamashima Toshihiko , Mori Yoshiaki , Sawada Kazunori , Kasahara Yuko , Murayama Daisuke , Kamei Yuto , Okuno Hiroaki , Yokoyama Yuusaku , Suzuki Hideharu
Published: July 2013

A series of 3‐alkylthio‐ and 3‐arylthioindoles is prepared by treatment of indoles with sulfoxides and TFAA followed by dealkylation of resulting sulfonium perchlorates in refluxing dipropylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Formation of Fused Pyrroles Through p‐TsOH Promoted N‐Arylation.
Authors: Li Ying , Li Qiu‐Yun , Xu Hai‐Wei , Fan Wei , Jiang Bo , Wang Shu‐Liang , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: July 2013

A microwave‐assisted three‐component reaction leading to fused pyrroles bearing aromatic substituents is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives Through an Intermolecular Cycloaddition of Vinyl Indoles and N‐Allenamides.
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Decataldo Laura , Rossi Elisabetta , Vicente Ruben
Published: July 2013

The direction of the intermolecular cycloaddition reaction of vinyl indoles (I) with N‐allenamides (II) depends on the reactant ratio and on the catalyst used leading to tetrahydrocarbazoles (III), (IV), or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Potassium Dioxolanylethyltrifluoroborate and Aryl/Heteroaryl Chlorides.
Authors: Fleury‐Bregeot Nicolas , Oehlrich Daniel , Rombouts Frederik , Molander Gary A.
Published: July 2013

This new sp3‐sp2 cross‐coupling protocol is based on the reliability and versatility of organotrifluoroborates, enables the facile introduction of dioxolanylethyl moieties onto aryl and heteroaryl halides, and complements previously reported methods leading to the same substructures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Withasomnines and Their Non‐natural Analogues from Aldehydes and 4‐Nitro‐1‐butanol in Three Steps.
Authors: Verma Deepti , Kumar Rahul , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: July 2013

A convenient, general and economical approach for the synthesis of the title pyrazole derivatives, with a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition as key‐step, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of 2‐Imidazolines with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Davis Owen D. , Hughes Matthew , Bull James A.
Published: July 2013

The new, practical simple, and inexpensive title reaction affords a wide range of different substituted imidazoles with desirable lead‐like characteristics for early‐stage drug discovery.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiamine Hydrochloride (VB1)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of (E)‐N‐Benzylidene‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazo[1,2‐a]imidazol‐3‐amine Derivatives.
Authors: Chen Fanglei , Lei Min , Hu Lihong
Published: July 2013

A thiamine hydrochloride catalyzed three‐component one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of β,γ‐Unsaturated Oximes.
Authors: Li Weifei , Jia Pingjing , Han Bing , Li Dianjun , Yu Wei
Published: July 2013

The reaction proceeds via carbon‐centred radicals.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl—Aryl Coupling via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—P/C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Zhou Haipin , Xu Jinyi , Wu Xiaoming , Yao Hequan
Published: July 2013

This is the first example of aryl‐aryl coupling via C—P/C—H bond cleavage using triaryl phosphines as coupling partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Benzothiazoles via Condensation of 2‐Aminobenzenethiols with Nitriles.
Authors: Sun Yadong , Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Wanqing , Zeng Wei , Wu Xia
Published: July 2013

A wide range of different functional groups is tolerated at the nitrile building block.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocomplementary Cycloaddition Reactions of Boryl‐ and Silylbenzynes with 1,3‐Dipoles: Selective Synthesis of Benzo‐Fused Azole Derivatives.
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Takagi Akira , Goto Masahiko , Aoyama Yuya , Ishikawa Yoshinobu , Itoh Yuji , Fujii Satoshi , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Akai Shuji
Published: July 2013

In the presence of iPr‐MgCl, 3‐borylbenzynes which are generated efficiently from new borolanes of type (I) undergo regiospecific, electrostatically controlled [3 + 2] cycloaddition with 1,3‐dipoles to afford proximal cycloadducts such as (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Urazole Synthesis. Part 2. Facilitating N4 Substitution.
Authors: Buynak John D. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The novel diester (III) is used as starting material for the preparation of N4‐substituted urazoles via base‐mediated cyclization with amines and subsequent deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Anticancer Evaluation of Novel 1,2,4‐Triazolin‐3‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Kattimani Pramod P. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Kariduraganavar Mahadevappa Y. , Dorababu Atukuri , Hunnur Raveendra K.
Published: July 2013

The triazolinone derivative (IIIf), the most active triazole among the title compounds, shows nearly 50—99% growth inhibition of various tumor cell lines, even at micromolar concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantiospecific Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Oxabicycloheptene Derivatives.
Authors: Newcomb Eric T. , Ferreira Eric M.
Published: July 2013

The starting compounds are prepared according to literature by enantioselective ruthenium‐catalyzed reduction of the corresponding ketones followed by etherification.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Dioxide—Methanesulfonic Acid Promoted Direct Dehydrogenative Alkylation of sp3 C—H Bonds Adjacent to a Heteroatom.
Authors: Liu Xigong , Sun Bin , Xie Zhiyu , Qin Xiaojun , Liu Lei , Lou Hongxiang
Published: July 2013

The reagent combination efficiently promotes the alkylation of isochromans and Cbz‐protected tetrahydroisoquinolines with simple aromatic ketones and thus provides an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to these heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Isocoumarins and 3‐Benzylidenephthalides via Ligandless Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Benzoic Acids and Vinylarenes.
Authors: Nandi Debkumar , Ghosh Debalina , Chen Shih‐Ji , Kuo Bing‐Chiuan , Wang Nancy M. , Lee Hon Man
Published: July 2013

Different benzoic acids containing electron‐drawing groups can be converted into the corresponding coumarines or phtalides via the simple title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 6‐Bromo‐3‐(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)flavone.
Authors: Akrawi Omer A. , Patonay Tamas , Konya Krisztina , Langer Peter
Published: July 2013

The reaction proceeds with very good chemoselectivity in favor of position 3, although usually bromides react faster than triflates.
ChemInform Abstract: Antihepatitis B Virus and Anticancer Activities of Novel Isoflavone Analogues.
Authors: Zhang Yikai , Zhong Hanyu , Lv Zhiliang , Zhang Mingfeng , Zhang Tao , Li Qisheng , Li Ke
Published: July 2013

The majority of the synthesized title compounds (III) and (V) shows inhibitory effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels, HBV DNA replication, as well as the growth of four human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Activity Relationship and Mode of Action of 3‐Substitutedphenyl‐1‐ (2,2,8,8‐tetramethyl‐3,4,9,10‐tetrahydro‐2H,8H‐pyrano [2,3‐f]chromen‐6‐yl)‐propenones as Novel Anticancer Agents in Human Leukaemia HL‐60 Cells.
Authors: Murthy Y. L. N. , Suhasini K. P. , Pathania A. S. , Bhushan S. , Sastry Y. Nagendra
Published: July 2013

Most of the title compounds (V) inhibit the growth of aggressive cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Fluorinated Azaheterocycles by Aminocyclization of Alkenes.
Authors: Huang Hai‐Tsang , Lacy Tyler C. , Blachut Barbara , Ortiz Gerardo X. Jr. , Wang Qiu
Published: July 2013

The title synthesis can be achieved catalytically from the N‐chloroamines and NaI [e.g. reaction of (I)] or stoichiometrically from amine and NIS or NCS/NaI [reactions of (XX)].
ChemInform Abstract: A Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes with Ketenes.
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi , Wang Zhiyong
Published: July 2013

The 6‐endo‐cyclization of oximes (I) followed by reaction of intermediate isoquinoline‐N‐oxides with in situ generated ketenes leads to 3,4‐disubstituted isoquinolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fully Substituted Pyrimidines.
Authors: Tejedor David , Lopez‐Tosco Sara , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando
Published: July 2013

A novel and simple coupled domino strategy for the synthesis of substituted pyrimidines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Anellated Thieno[2,3‐e][1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, with Potent Anticancer Activity, Designed Through VLAK Protocol.
Authors: Lauria Antonino , Abbate Ilenia , Patella Chiara , Martorana Annamaria , Dattolo Gaetano , Almerico Anna Maria
Published: July 2013

A variety of new annelated thienotriazolopyrimidine derivatives with antitumor activity up to sub‐micromolar concentration are designed by combined use of the chemometric protocol Virtual Lock‐and‐Key (VLAK) and optimized synthetic procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Angular Thiazolo[5,4‐f] and [4,5‐h]Quinazolines, Preparation of Their Linear Thiazolo[4,5‐g] and [5,4‐g]Quinazoline Analogues.
Authors: Hedou Damien , Guillon Remi , Lecointe Charlotte , Loge Cedric , Chosson Elizabeth , Besson Thierry
Published: July 2013

Compound (XI) is synthesized via established reactions as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Alkenylation of Uracils via Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C—H Activation.
Authors: Yu Yi‐Yun , Georg Gunda I.
Published: July 2013

An efficient procedure is elaborated for the synthesis of 5‐(E)‐alkenyl uracils by a regio‐ and stereoselective cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of uracils with alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indeno[2,1‐e]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazin‐5‐one and Related Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Emary Talaat , El‐Kashef Hussein
Published: July 2013

The title indenopyrazolopyrazinone (II), synthesized by intramolecular Friedel—Crafts acylation of acid chloride (I), appears to be a versatile compound for the synthesis of a variety of indenopyrazolopyrazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Protonated DBU as Catalyst for Cascade Addition—Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylaniline and Carbon Disulfide.
Authors: Zhao Peng , Liao Qian , Gao Hongxin , Xi Chanjuan
Published: July 2013

The reaction provides a convenient route for the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of benzothiazine derivatives under mild conditions in the absence of any metal.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Efficient Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Novel Anticoagulants with 2,8‐Dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Core.
Authors: Ganguly Nemai C. , Mondal Pallab , Roy Sushmita
Published: July 2013

Optimized conditions are developed for the coupling of 2‐hydroxychalcones and analogous α,β‐enones with 4‐hydroxycoumarin or dimedone to yield the title compounds as a novel class of potential anticoagulants
ChemInform Abstract: Improving Carbene—Copper Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Aminoboronic Esters Using Benzimidazole‐Based Precursors.
Authors: Wen Kun , Wang Han , Chen Jinbo , Zhang He , Cui Xiaodan , Wei Chao , Fan Erkang , Sun Zhihua
Published: July 2013

By using the preformed carbene‐copper catalyst the reaction proceeds in shorter reaction times and in slightly better yields in comparison to the also realized one‐pot reactions with the carbene precursor and copper chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Regiocontrolled Hydroboration of Unbiased Internal Alkynes via Borylation/Allylic Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Moure Abraham L. , Mauleon Pablo , Gomez Arrayas Ramon , Carretero Juan Carlos
Published: July 2013

This preparation of 1,2‐disubstituted vinylboranes is based on a directed borylation of terminal alkynes followed by Cu‐catalyzed allylic alkylation with Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Six‐Membered Silacycles by Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution at Silicon Involving the Cleavage of Carbon—Silicon Bonds.
Authors: Onoe Masahiro , Morioka Toshifumi , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: July 2013

Six‐membered silacycles are available via the cleavage of an inert carbon‐silicon bond using organolithium reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Framework of Azadiradione: Tandem Radical Cyclization Route.
Authors: Yamashita Shuji , Naruko Akito , Yamada Takahiro , Hayashi Yujiro , Hirama Masahiro
Published: July 2013

A concise radical route to the framework of azadiradione is developed, in which the four carbon—carbon bonds and seven stereocenters featuring the C13,14‐cis configuration are constructed in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Cbz‐Substituted β3‐Amino Ketones Utilizing 4‐Substituted 1,3‐Oxazinan‐6‐ones.
Authors: Sleebs Brad E. , Nguyen Nghi H. , Hughes Andrew B.
Published: July 2013

The approach to the synthetically important chiral β‐amino ketones involves diastereoselective acylation of 1,3‐oxazinan‐6‐ones followed by acidic decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Orcinol‐Conjugated Hydrolysable Tannins from the Leaves of Cleyera japonica.
Authors: Oh Myeong Hwan , Park Kwan Hee , Kim Manh Heun , Kim Han Hyuk , Kim So Ra , Lee Min Won
Published: July 2013

Cleyeratannin A (I*a), B (I*b), C (II*) are isolated along with two known compounds from the leaves of Cleyera japonica (CJ).
ChemInform Abstract: A 14‐Membered Macrolide and Isocoumarin Derivatives from the Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Graphis vestitoides.
Authors: Le Duy , Hoang Hoang , Takenaka Yukiko , Hamada Nobuo , Miyawaki Hiromi , Tanahashi Takao
Published: July 2013

Isocoumarin (I) and the 14‐membered macrolide ((S)‐II) are isolated along with five known isocoumarin derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Lasiodiplodin Analogues from the Endophytic Fungus Sarocladium kiliense.
Authors: Zheng Wei Fa , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The 12‐membered ring lactone, (3S),(6R)‐6‐hydroxylasiodiplodin (I*) is isolated along with two known analogues from the normal Apriona germari (HOPE)‐associated fungus Sarocladium kiliense grown in rice medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Studies Towards the Challenging Angularly‐Oxygenated Core of Several Angucyclinones from an Oxidative Dearomatization Strategy.
Authors: Vila‐Gisbert Silvia , Urbano Antonio , Carreno M. Carmen
Published: July 2013

Oxone‐mediated oxidative dearomatization of tricyclic phenol (IV) yields p‐quinol (VI), which is converted into azicemycin‐type tricyclic model (VI) and aquayamycin‐type core model (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of 7‐Methoxy‐6‐ [4‐(4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl]‐1,3‐benzothiazole (TASP0382088): A Potent and Selective Transforming Growth Factor‐β Type I Receptor Inhibitor as a Topical Drug for Alopecia.
Authors: Amada Hideaki , Asanuma Hajime , Koami Takeshi , Okada Atsushi , Endo Mayumi , Ueda Yasuji , Naruse Takumi , Ikeda Akiko
Published: July 2013

The title compound (I) is a selective and potent ALK5 inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Defects and Surface Chemistry of Ceria: Quantum Chemical Studies Compared to Experiment
Authors: Paier Joachim , Penschke Christopher , Sauer Joachim
Published: July 2013

Review: 303 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Doped Oxides
Authors: McFarland Eric W. , Metiu Horia
Published: July 2013

Review: 495 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimentional CdS Nanostructures: A Promising Candidate for Optoelectronics
Authors: Li Huiqiao , Wang Xi , Xu Junqi , Zhang Qi , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri , Ma Ying , Zhai Tianyou
Published: July 2013

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxaliplatin: Its Use in Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Bano Nusrat , Najam Rahila
Published: July 2013

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Prins‐Type Cyclization Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Han Xun , Peh Guang Rong , Floreancig Paul E.
Published: July 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis Using Microwaves and Supported Reagents
Authors: Varina Rajender S. , Baig R. B. Nasir
Published: July 2013

Review: 310 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Susceptors
Authors: Besson Thierry , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: July 2013

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Heterogeneously Catalyzed Processes
Authors: Luque Rafael , Balu Alina Mariana , MacQuarrie Duncan J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Heated Transition Metal Catalyzed Coupling
Authors: Russo Francesco , Odell Luke R. , Olofsson Kristofer , Nilsson Peter , Larhed Mats
Published: July 2013

Review: 260 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Interest of Structured Docosahexaenoic Acid Containing Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids
Authors: Picq Madeleine , Bernoud‐Hubac Nathalie , Lagarde Michel
Published: July 2013

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus‐Containing Macrocyclic Compounds: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Knyazeva I. R. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. , Habicher W. D.
Published: July 2013

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles and Other Fused Imidazole Derivatives with a Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom
Authors: Begunov R. S. , Ryzvanovich G. A.
Published: July 2013

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Porphyrins
Authors: Souza Daniela P. V. , Gomes Marco Antonio G. B. , Goncalves Paula S. , Santos Roberto P. , Maria Edmilson J. , Matos Carlos Roberto R.
Published: July 2013

Review: 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods and Various Catalysts Used for Chalcone Synthesis
Authors: Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas , Jasamai Malina , Jantan Ibrahim , Ahmad Waqas
Published: July 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the retro‐Diels—Alder Reaction
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Banerjee Shaibal
Published: July 2013

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Banerji K. K.
Published: July 2013

Review: 418 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Clustered Carbohydrates in Synthetic Vaccines
Authors: Peri Francesco
Published: July 2013

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrovinylation
Authors: Ceder Rosa Ma , Grabulosa Arnald , Muller Guillermo , Rocamora Merce
Published: July 2013

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Buchwald—Hartwig Amination Reaction Enabled by the Application of Sterically Demanding Phosphine Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Lundgren Rylan J. , Stradiotto Mark
Published: July 2013

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rationally Synthesized Two‐Dimensional Polymers
Authors: Colson John W. , Dichtel William R.
Published: July 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycoclusters on Oligonucleotide and PNA Scaffolds: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Spinelli Nicolas , Defrancq Eric , Morvan Francois
Published: July 2013

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Amino‐α′‐halomethylketones: Synthetic Methodologies and Pharmaceutical Applications as Serine and Cysteine Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Pregnolato Massimo
Published: July 2013

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazoles as Amide Bond Surrogates in Peptidomimetics
Authors: Valverde Ibai E. , Mindt Thomas L.
Published: July 2013

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbosilane Glycodendrimers
Authors: Hatano Ken , Matsuoka Koji , Terunuma Daiyo
Published: July 2013

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multivalent Glyco(cyclo)peptides
Authors: Galan M. Carmen , Dumy Pascal , Renaudet Olivier
Published: July 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From One‐Photon to Two‐Photon Probes: “Caged” Compounds, Actuators, and Photoswitches
Authors: Bort Guillaume , Gallavardin Thibault , Ogden David , Dalko Peter I.
Published: July 2013

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cephalostatins and Ritterazines
Authors: Iglesias‐Arteaga Martin A. , Morzycki Jacek W.
Published: July 2013

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Noble Metal Nanoclusters as an Emerging Optical Probe for Sensor Development.
Authors: Yuan Xun , Luo Zhentao , Yu Yong , Yao Qiaofeng , Xie Jianping
Published: July 2013

Review: 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Approaches for Detection and Destruction of Nerve Agents
Authors: Ajami Dariush , Rebek Julius Jr.
Published: July 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Innovative Approaches to Enhance Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Hydrophobic Drugs
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Singh Gurmeet , Singh Mankaran , Kumar Dinesh , Singh Rathore Mahendra
Published: July 2013

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coextrusion for Food Ingredients and Nutraceutical Encapsulation: Principles and Technology
Authors: Oxley J. D.
Published: July 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Makal Trevor A. , Yuan Da‐Qiang , Zhao Dan , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: July 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dietary Fibre and Phytochemical Characteristics of Fruit and Vegetable By‐Products and Their Recent Applications as Novel Ingredients in Food Products
Authors: O'Shea Norah , Arendt Elke K. , Gallagher Eimear
Published: July 2013

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Case Study of Mechanisms in Synthetic Reactions
Authors: Lei Ai‐Wen , Jin Li‐Qun
Published: July 2013

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Differential Reaction Rate Methods in Flow Analysis
Authors: Sasaki Milton K. , Vicente Simone , Grassi Viviane , Zagatto Elias A. G.
Published: July 2013

Review: 74 refs.
Evaluation of breakage kernels for liquid–liquid systems: Solution of the population balance equation by the least‐squares method
Authors: Solsvik Jannike , Borka Zsolt , Becker Per Julian , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Jakobsen Hugo A.
Published: July 2013

The breakage frequency and daughter size distribution functions by Coulaloglou and Tavlarides[1] are frequently adopted closures in population balance (PB) modelling. A survey of the extensions and modifications of the Coulaloglou and Tavlarides[1] breakage frequency function is provided. Furthermore, the daughter size distribution functions within the statistical category, herein the model proposed by Coulaloglou and Tavlarides[1], are outlined. Most of the breakage models available in literature commonly assume binary breakage only. Thus, the daughter size distribution function suggested by Diemer and Olson[2] is of interest as higher order breakage can be modelled. The breakage closures are evaluated solving the population balance equation (PBE) for a liquid–liquid emulsification system in a stirred tank. The results obtained from a least‐squares solver are compared with the experimental data when available.
Interplay between Metal⋅⋅⋅π Interactions and Hydrogen Bonds: Some Unusual Synergetic Effects of Coinage Metals and Substituents
Authors: Gao Meng , Yang Xin , Cheng Jianbo , Li Qingzhong , Li Wenzuo , Loffredo Robert E.
Published: July 2013

The ternary systems of C2H4(C2H2or C6H6)‐MCN‐HF (M=Cu, Ag, Au) and the respective binary systems were investigated to study the interplay between metal⋅⋅⋅π interactions and hydrogen bonds. The metal⋅⋅⋅π interactions in C2H4‐MCN become stronger with the irregular order Ag<Cu<Au, while the hydrogen bonds in MCN‐HF become weaker following the same order. The metal⋅⋅⋅π interactions are weakened as the H atoms in the π system are replaced with electron‐withdrawing groups and enhanced by electron‐donating groups. Type 1 of these ternary systems, in which MCN acts as Lewis base and acid simultaneously, is more stable than type 2, in which C2H4acts as a double Lewis base. Negative cooperativity is present in type 2 ternary systems with a weakening of the metal⋅⋅⋅π interactions and the hydrogen bonds. Positive cooperativity is found in type 1 ternary systems with an enhancement of the metal⋅⋅⋅π interactions and the hydrogen bonds, except for C2(CN)4‐AuCN‐HF‐1. The weaker metal⋅⋅⋅π interaction in C6H6‐AuCN has a greater enhancing effect on the hydrogen bond in AuCN‐HF than those in C2H4‐AuCN and C2H2‐AuCN. These synergetic effects were analyzed with the natural bond orbital and energy decomposition.
Preparation of Porous ZrO2‐Based Composite Oxides Containing W, Cr, Mo, or V Through a Wall Ion‐Exchange Method
Authors: Suh Insuhk , Hori Shun‐suke , Tanaka Masashi , Iwamoto Masakazu
Published: July 2013

MOx–ZrO2 (M = W, Cr, Mo, or V) composite oxides with high surface areas and hexagonal pore structures were prepared through a wall ion‐exchange (WIE)–calcination method. A composite (ZS) of Zr(SO4)2·4H2O and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with ordered hexagonal structure was cast into solutions of M oxyanions. The efficiency of the WIE treatment was first studied on the solutions of tungsten oxyanion in detail. The surface areas of tungsten‐oxyanion‐introduced ZSs (W‐ZSs) after calcination at 673 K in air for 2 h were 3–248 m2 g–1 depending on the pH values of the exchange solutions. The treatments at pH = 5.6–10.1 resulted in the formation of porous materials with surface areas of 38–248 m2 g–1 and pore sizes of approximately 1.2 nm, whereas treatments at pH = 2.5–4.8 gave surface areas of 3–18 m2 g–1. The predominant oxyanion in the former region was a monomeric ion, WO42–. The WIE–calcination method was thus applied to the preparation of Cr‐, Mo‐, or V‐containing ZrO2 composite oxides in which the respective monomeric oxyanions were employed as the exchange ions by adjusting the pH values of the solutions. The surface areas of calcined Cr‐, Mo‐, and V‐ZS were 348, 251, and 229 m2 g–1, respectively, and pore sizes were 1.00–1.12 nm. The WIE–calcination method was proved to be a general method for the preparation of porous ZrO2‐based oxides.
NSR Compliance—Are You Ready?
Authors: McGuffey Carroll “Mack”
Published: July 2013

It should come as no surprise in today's highly regulated world that a permit governing air quality is required before constructing a new natural gas—fired electric‐generating unit. And perhaps it would not surprise many to learn that the same type of permit is needed prior to making significant changes to an existing gas unit. However, to the uninitiated, the full reach of the program known as “New Source Review” (NSR) can come as quite a shock. Although coal‐fired utilities have been the primary target of NSR enforcement for over a decade, natural gas—fired plants could be next.
Energy and the Environment: Rethinking Green Energy Mandates
Authors: Lesser Jonathan A.
Published: July 2013

In many US states and European countries, mandates providing large subsidies for preferred flavors of green energy have long been de rigeur, whether to reduce carbon emissions or spur moribund economies.
Convergence of the frequency‐magnitude distribution of global earthquakes: Maybe in 200 years
Authors: Zöller Gert
Published: July 2013

I study the ability to estimate the tail of the frequency‐magnitude distribution of global earthquakes. While power‐law scaling for small earthquakes is accepted by support of data, the tail remains speculative. In a recent study, Bell et al. (2013) claim that the frequency‐magnitude distribution of global earthquakes converges to a tapered Pareto distribution. I show that this finding results from data fitting errors, namely from the biased maximum likelihood estimation of the corner magnitudeθin strongly undersampled models. In particular, the estimation ofθdepends solely on the few largest events in the catalog. Taking this into account, I compare various state‐of‐the‐art models for the global frequency‐magnitude distribution. After discarding undersampled models, the remaining ones, including the unbounded Gutenberg‐Richter distribution, perform all equally well and are, therefore, indistinguishable. Convergence to a specific distribution, if it ever takes place, requires about 200 years homogeneous recording of global seismicity, at least.
A new type of pyroclastic deposit on the Moon containing Fe‐spinel and chromite
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Nakamura R. , Matsunaga T. , Ogawa Y. , Ishihara Y. , Morota T. , Hirata N. , Ohtake M. , Hiroi T. , Yokota Y. , Haruyama J.
Published: July 2013

We present details of the identification of sites that show an absorption band at visible wavelengths and a strong 2 μm band using the SELENE Spectral Profiler. All the sites exhibiting the visible feature are found on the regional dark mantle deposit (DMD) at Sinus Aestuum. All the instances of the visible feature show a strong 2 μm band, suggestive of Fe‐ and Cr‐rich spinels, which are different from previously detected Mg‐rich spinel. Since no visible feature is observed in other DMDs, the DMD at Sinus Aestuum is unique on the Moon. The occurrence trend of the spinels at Sinus Aestuum is also different from that of the Mg‐rich spinels, which are associated with impact structures. This may suggest that the spinel at Sinus Aestuum is a different origin from that of the Mg‐rich spinel.
Tsunami speed variations in density‐stratified compressible global oceans
Authors: Watada Shingo
Published: July 2013

Tsunami speed variations in the deep ocean caused by seawater density stratification is investigated using a newly developed propagator matrix method that is applicable to seawater with depth‐variable sound speeds and density gradients. For a 4 km deep ocean, the total tsunami speed reduction is 0.44% compared with incompressible homogeneous seawater; two thirds of the reduction is due to elastic energy stored in the water and one third is due to water density stratification mainly by hydrostatic compression. Tsunami speeds are computed for global ocean density and sound speed profiles, and characteristic structures are discussed. Tsunami speed reductions are proportional to ocean depth with small variations, except in warm Mediterranean seas. The impacts of seawater compressibility and the elasticity effect of the solid earth on tsunami traveltime should be included for precise modeling of transoceanic tsunamis.
The statistical mapping of magnetosheath plasma properties based on THEMIS measurements in the magnetosheath interplanetary medium reference frame
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Nykyri K.
Published: July 2013

The magnetosheath operates as a natural filter between the solar wind and the magnetospheric plasma. As a result of this, the magnetosheath plays a crucial role in the plasma momentum and energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the magnetosphere. Statistical studies of the magnetosheath are difficult due to the dynamic nature of the terrestrial bow shock and the magnetopause. As a result of this, the spatial and temporal dependence of magnetosheath plasma properties under varying solar wind conditions is still not completely understood. We present a study of magnetosheath plasma properties using 5 years of THEMIS and OMNI data to produce statistical maps of fundamental magnetosheath plasma properties. The magnetosheath interplanetary medium reference frame is applied to present data in a normalized reference frame which accounts for both boundary and orbital motion. The statistical maps are compared with the MHD runs from the CCMC‐BATS‐R‐US model which agree favorably. The results are also used to investigate the presence of any magnetosheath plasma parameter asymmetries and their possible causes.
Global evolution of Birkeland currents on 10 min timescales: MHD simulations and observations
Authors: Merkin V. G. , Anderson B. J. , Lyon J. G. , Korth H. , Wiltberger M. , Motoba T.
Published: July 2013

In this paper we compare time‐dependent global ionospheric field‐aligned current (FAC) patterns on 10 min timescales inferred from the Active Magnetosphere and Polar Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) with the high‐resolution Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. The improved LFM model yields temporally varying FAC patterns with a fine structure on the sub‐100 km scale. The goal of the study is to explore the responses of observed and simulated FAC patterns and underlying magnetic perturbations to a succession of rapid transitions in the solar wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) parameters. To drive the simulations, we use the upstream Wind and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft measurements recorded on 3 August 2010. For the time interval of interest (∼40 min following the impact of an interplanetary shock), the IMF is characterized by a BZ rotation from southward to northward direction under negative BY conditions. Through this case study analysis, it is found that the simulations have generally reproduced the salient characteristics of both the morphology and dynamics of the AMPERE FAC patterns. Due to the high resolution of the global model, the peak current densities are found to significantly (by a factor of 2–4) exceed those obtained from AMPERE. As a further quantitative analysis, the low‐altitude magnetic perturbations measured by Iridium spacecraft and used to derive the AMPERE 2‐D FAC patterns are also compared with the magnetic field variations calculated from the simulations. It is found that outside of localized regions of peak current densities, which mainly occur on the dayside and can fall between the Iridium tracks, the simulated magnetic perturbations closely follow the Iridium measurements. This demonstrates, in particular, that there is no systematic bias in the simulations to overestimate the magnetic perturbations and corresponding FAC densities. Overall, our results demonstrate that given sufficient resolution, contemporary global MHD models are capable of reproducing observed features of global ionospheric FAC distributions. This, in particular, suggests the feasibility of potential efforts to assimilate AMPERE observations in global magnetospheric models.
High sensitivity of a tropical rainforest to water variability: Evidence from 10 years of inventory and eddy flux data
Authors: Tan Zheng‐Hong , Cao Min , Yu Gui‐Rui , Tang Jian‐Wei , Deng Xiao‐Bao , Song Qing‐Hai , Tang Yong , Zheng Zheng , Liu Wen‐Jie , Feng Zhi‐Li , Deng Yun , Zhang Jiao‐Lin , Liang Naishen , Zhang Yi‐Ping
Published: July 2013

The response of tropical rainforest to environmental perturbation is of critical importance given their potential to mitigate climate change. Nevertheless, it was not well addressed to date. Therefore, related hypotheses, i.e., CO2 fertilization–related accelerating growth hypothesis (AGH) and remote sensing–based drought resilience hypothesis (DRH), were necessarily to be testified. Here these hypotheses were tested through 10 years of annual inventory records and half‐hourly eddy flux measurements from a tropical rainforest. We show that the studied forest is highly sensitive to water variability, with low canopy photosynthesis, slow stand growth, and high mortality rate in dry years, especially in the severe drought. Ecosystem respiration was not correlated with net water balance within years, but significant correlations were found between these parameters with a time lag of 10–15 months. A boom of photosynthesis in 1 year post drought was most probably a result of nutrient pulse–related drought. In general, neither AGH nor DRH was supported by the study. Given predictions that tropical areas will experience increasingly dry conditions in the future, much attention should be paid to the potential fate of carbon sink in tropical rainforests.
Geomorphic signatures of glacial activity in the Alba Patera volcanic province: Implications for recent frost accumulation on Mars
Authors: Sinha Rishitosh K. , Murty Sripada V. S.
Published: July 2013

Glacial/periglacial landforms lying within impact craters on Mars have led to the identification of two mechanisms for their formation: (1) intermittent deposition of atmospherically emplaced snow/ice during past spin‐axis/orbital conditions and (2) flow of debris‐covered ice‐rich deposits. The maximum presence of the young ice/snow‐rich features (thermal contraction crack polygons, gullies, arcuate ridges, and lobate debris tongues) was observed on the pole‐facing slope, indicating that this slope was the preferred site for ice/snow accumulation (during the last 10 Ma). In this study, we investigated 30 craters lying in the Alba Patera volcanic province in the latitudinal bands between 45°N and 32.4°N. Morphological comparison of the younger ice/snow‐rich features in these craters led us to conclude that glacial/periglacial features in Alba Patera are mainly present within pole‐facing slopes of craters lying within 45°N–39°N. The craters lying within 40.2°N–40°N did not show any glacial/periglacial features. We suggest that the formation of these young ice/snow‐rich features follows the same orientation trends as those of other older (>10 Ma) glacial features (debris‐covered ice/snow‐rich large deposits at the base of the crater wall) in the region. The present work has revealed that the onset of physical processes that result in the formation of glacial/periglacial landforms is also dependent on the changes in elevation ranges of the investigated craters in Alba Patera. Our results confirm past inferences for accumulation of ice/snow on Mars and suggest that the period of ice/snow accumulation activity in Alba Patera occurred throughout the Amazonian and lasted until the recent past, i.e., 2.1–0.4 Ma.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Nitenpyram Analogs with Tetrahydropyrimidine Fixed (Z)‐Configuration
Authors: Sun Chuan‐wen , Fang Ting , Hao Zhi‐bing , Pang Chun‐cheng , Xu Xiao , Xin Hua‐jia
Published: July 2013

Two series of novel (Z)‐nitenpyram analogs 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d were synthesized by introducing various amino acids benzyl ester or amino acids tetrahydrofurfur‐2‐yl ester into nitenpyram and forming a tetrahydropyrimidine ring to fix (Z)‐configuration. The structures of the target compounds were characterized by 1HNMR, MS, IR, and elemental analysis. Preliminary bioassays against Nilaparvata lugens indicated that all the nitenpyram analogs exhibited good insecticidal activity at 100 mg/L, whereas the compounds 3b and 3d afforded the best in vitro inhibitory activities that had ≥ 90% mortality at 20 mg/L.
Synthesis of Substituted Pyridyl‐Pyrimidines as Potential Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitors
Authors: Islam Shahid , Firestine Steven M.
Published: July 2013

An efficient synthetic method for the preparation of pyridyl‐pyrimidines as potential inhibitors of protein–protein interactions is described. The key transformation is the reaction of a pyrimidine enaminone with phenyl ethyl acetate and NH4OAc to yield the desired pyridyl‐pyrimidine.
Improved simulation of Indian summer monsoon in latest NCEP climate forecast system free run
Authors: Saha Subodh K. , Pokhrel Samir , Chaudhari Hemantkumar S. , Dhakate Ashish , Shewale Swati , Sabeerali C. T. , Salunke Kiran , Hazra Anupam , Mahapatra Somnath , Rao A. Suryachandra
Published: July 2013

Simulation of Indian summer monsoon features by latest coupled model of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEPs) Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) is attempted in its long run. Improvements in the simulation of Indian summer monsoon as compared with previous version (CFSv1) is accessed and areas which still require considerable refinements are introduced. It is found that, spatial pattern of seasonal mean rainfall and wind circulations are more realistic in CFSv2 as compared with CFSv1. Variance and northward propagation of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), which also contribute to the seasonal mean rainfall are remarkably improved. However, the central Indian dry bias still persists and amplified. Pervasive cold bias in surface (2 m air temperature) as well as in the whole troposphere is further increased in CFSv2. These cold biases may be partly attributed to the lack of model's ability to realistically simulate the ratio of convective and stratiform rainfall. Sea‐surface temperature (SST) over the Indian Ocean is underestimated in CFSv2. However, CFSv1 shows east–west dipole structure in the bias. The teleconnection of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) in terms of Niño3 SST and monsoon rainfall correlation is more realistic in the latest version of the model. Overall, there are substantial improvements in CFSv2 as compared with CFSv1, but it has to evolve further to realistically simulate the mean and variability of ISMR.
Fate of Escherichia coliO157:H7 and Salmonella in soil and lettuce roots as affected by potential home gardening practices
Authors: Erickson Marilyn C , Liao Jean , Payton Alison S , Webb Cathy C , Ma Li , Zhang Guodong , Flitcroft Ian , Doyle Michael P , Beuchat Larry R
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

The survival and distribution of enteric pathogens in soil and lettuce systems were investigated in response to several practices (soil amendment supplementation and reduced watering) that could be applied by home gardeners.

RESULTS

Leaf lettuce was grown in manure compost/top soil (0:5, 1:5 or 2:5 w/w) mixtures. Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella was applied at a low or high dose (103 or 106 colony‐forming units (CFU) mL−1) to the soil of seedlings and mid‐age plants. Supplementation of top soil with compost did not affect pathogen survival in the soil or on root surfaces, suggesting that nutrients were not a limiting factor. Salmonella populations on root surfaces were 0.7–0.8 log CFU g−1 lower for mid‐age plants compared with seedlings. E. coli O157:H7 populations on root surfaces were 0.8 log CFU g−1 lower for mid‐age plants receiving 40 mL of water compared with plants receiving 75 mL of water on alternate days. Preharvest internalization of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella into lettuce roots was not observed at any time.

CONCLUSION

Based on the environmental conditions and high pathogen populations in soil used in this study, internalization of Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 into lettuce roots did not occur under practices that could be encountered by inexperienced home gardeners. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry