bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid GRA-FIS based genetic algorithm and simulated annealing approach for camshaft material optimization using finite element analysis
Authors: Barua Abhishek , Jeet Siddharth , Bagal Dilip K , Pattanaik Ajit K
Published: October 2023

Failures in the camshaft drive can allow the valves to contact the piston crowns, which can result in significant internal damage. Most of the researchers have reported that aluminium–silicon carbide composite has not only proven to be lightweight but also resulted in lower deformation and better fatigue strength when compared to other alloys or steel. No predictive approach has been taken to predict more durable materials and the optimum working condition of camshafts using optimization methods. As a result, in order to fill such gaps, this study focuses on the design of camshafts made of various materials. In order to reduce the maximum stress, maximum deformation, and maximum strain obtained, this study focuses on optimising the camshaft by choosing the best material and loading conditions. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array design and ANSYS 17.2's were used for the analysis. Finite element analysis was used for static structural analysis, and the findings produced by cast iron camshafts were compared to aluminium–silicon carbide composite composites. Later on, multi-objective optimization was tested using grey relational analysis in conjunction with a fuzzy inference system. The simulated annealing and genetic algorithm approaches were also used to forecast optimized results. It resulted that aluminium–silicon carbide composite 40% composite is the most suitable material. The most important factor was determined using an analysis of variance, followed by confirmatory tests. It showed that loading condition was the most significant factor.
A survival prediction model based on PCA-HSIDA-LSSVM for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Xia Yuhang , Ling Dan , Sun Junwei , Wang Yan
Published: October 2023

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a type of cancer and has some of the highest rates of both incidence and mortality globally. Developing accurate models for survival prediction provides a basis clinical judgment and decision making, improving the survival status of ESCC patients. Although many predictive models have been developed, there is still lack of highly accurate survival prediction models for ESCC patients. This study proposes a novel survival prediction model for ESCC patients based on principal component analysis (PCA) and least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) optimized by an improved dragonfly algorithm with hybrid strategy (HSIDA). The original 17 blood indicators are condensed into five new variables by PCA, reducing data dimensionality and redundancy. An improved dragonfly algorithm based on hybrid strategy is proposed, which addresses the limitations of dragonfly algorithm, such as slow convergence, low search accuracy and insufficient vitality of late search. The proposed HSIDA is used to optimize the regularization parameter and kernel parameter of LSSVM, improving the prediction accuracy of the model. The proposed model is validated on the dataset of 400 patients with ESCC in the clinical database of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control of Henan Province. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed HSIDA-LSSVM has the best prediction performance than LSSVM, HSIDA-BP, IPSO-LSSVM, COA-LSSVM and IBA-LSSVM. The proposed model achieves the accuracy of 96.25%, sensitivity of 95.12%, specificity of 97.44%, precision of 97.50%, and F1 score of 96.30%.
Property rights and household income among the urban poor in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Muyeba Singumbe
Published: October 2023

The theory that property rights increase household income among low-income households is widely acknowledged, yet empirical studies find scarce evidence of this effect. These studies encounter theoretical deficiencies and methodological challenges of endogeneity and selection bias in making causal inference. This paper examines effects of property rights on income using a control group design and propensity score matching. It employs the continuum of property rights as a conceptual framework, applying it to the case of Zango I social housing project and Paraiso, a slum, in Luanda. Results show the likelihood that property rights increase tenure security and income through the mechanism of home business activities but not through labour market participation or credit access. In contexts where housing projects for low-income groups depend on the informal sector and are located far from city centres, home business activities can be an important mechanism through which property rights may alleviate poverty.
Use of prostaglandin and cyclophosphamide for pediatric lupus with digital gangrene: Back to safety before hitting the axe!
Authors: Jain Hritvik , Mittal Aliza , Didel Siyaram , Kumar Prawin , Singh Kuldeep
Published: October 2023

Digital gangrene is a rare presenting feature of childhood lupus and only a reported incidence of 1.3%. We describe two cases of pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), both 16 years old, presenting with digital gangrene and the successful salvage of the digits after using intravenous cyclophosphamide for immunosuppression and use of intravenous prostaglandin E1 infusions for limb reperfusion. Both of the patients responded exceptionally to the infusions with resolution of gangrene and near-total preservation of the functionality of toes.
Patent law in comparative context: Differences and similarities of patent law in the European Union, the United States and China
Authors: Hutukka Päivi
Published: October 2023

This study presents the main features of patent law in the European Union, the United States and China, with a special focus on patentability. Each patent regime is reviewed in its historical context, exploring the stages leading to the given jurisdiction's contemporary patent law. After mapping the differences and similarities of patent law in the EU, the US and China, possible reasons for the detected divergence and convergence will be explored. This study reveals that the differences in codified patent law between the EU, the US, and China are for the most part a matter of nuance and much of the convergence stems from international harmonization efforts and common historical roots as well as external pressure to convergence in patent law for mainly economic reasons. Whereas patent laws in the EU and US are more established, China's patent law has been moulded into its contemporary form only recently. Differences across the chosen jurisdictions are explained not only by cultural factors but also by underlying theoretical differences in patent doctrine and differing aims of patent protection, as well as the divide concerning the role of statutory law and case law between the common law and Romano-Germanic law.
Determinants of Adherence to Treatment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Directed Qualitative Content Analysis Based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Authors: Shahabi Nahid , Hosseini Zahra , Aghamolaei Teamur , Behzad Ahmad , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Dadipoor Sara
Published: October 2023

Adherence to the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which includes the use of prescribed drugs, following a healthy diet, and adopting a physically active lifestyle, is important to control the disease and improve the patients’ quality of life. The present study aimed to explain the determinants of adherence to treatment in patients with T2D based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM). The present research used a qualitative content analysis and was based on Pender’s HPM. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 T2D patients using a purposive sampling in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Maximum variation was considered in terms of gender, age, history of diabetes, type of drug used, education, and occupation. The data collection continued until data saturation. At the same time, the collected data were analyzed using the directed content analysis. MAXQDA 10 was used to manage codes and facilitate data analysis. The data analysis led to the extraction of 10 categories and 19 subcategories as the determinants of adherence to the treatment of T2D patients. The participants shared their experiences about personal characteristics and their ecological environment, specific cognition and emotions, and the behavioral results and experience as the determinants of adherence to T2D treatment. The categories extracted from this study in the form of HPM constructs provided a framework to explain treatment adherence. This information can help policy makers and planners in designing future programs.
Blast response and damage assessment of reinforced concrete slabs using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Park Taehyo , Jeon Jong-Su
Published: October 2023

Concrete structures are essential for shelters, storage, transportation, and defense systems. However, they are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and explosions. The most exposed component of these structures is the reinforced concrete slab, which is also the primary force-transferring member. Therefore, the present study utilizes machine learning techniques to predict the maximum vertical displacement of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to air-blast loading. This can be achieved using 11 input parameters of the slab and TNT blast to predict the maximum displacement. The dataset comprises 146 samples from various experimental and numerical blast studies on reinforced concrete slabs in the open literature. Rather than presenting the data in a tabular format, each individual data sample is transformed into an image using distinct techniques: one uses a self-similarity matrix, and the other utilizes an image generator for the tabular data. Image generation transforms tabular data into images by assigning features to pixel positions. This results in spatial dependency of the input features. Using these images, various convolutional neural networks were adopted (ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, EfficentNet-b0, ShuffleNet, Xception, DarkNet-53, and DenseNet-20) and trained to predict the slab maximum displacement. Most models demonstrated promising results. The performance of the models was predicted based on the root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination, and the impact of input features on the maximum displacement was examined. Along with this, the initial study of the blast damage assessment on reinforced concrete slabs is explained for future work to be performed based on the proposed method.
A Sustainable Development Assessment for the Load Capacity Factor and Carbon Footprint in India: The Role of Information and Communication Technologies, Renewable Energy, and Structural Changes
Authors: Pata Ugur Korkut , Destek Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2023

The increase in India’s carbon emissions and the decline in its environmental quality are a threat to the realization of the global sustainable development goals (SDGs). Minimizing the negative environmental impacts from fossil fuels through analysis of the determinants of India’s ecological quality is an important research topic. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), renewable energy, and structural changes on environmental quality in India. In this context, the study uses the novel Fourier quantile causality test for the period 1995m1-2021m12. The results of the study show that structural changes have no impact on carbon footprint and load capacity factor, while renewable energy and ICT contribute to the improvement of environmental quality. Based on the findings of the study, the Indian government is recommended to rise investment in ICT and renewable energy to pursue a growth strategy in line with the SDGs.
Mental Time Travel as Self-Affirmation
Authors: Stephan Elena , Sedikides Constantine
Published: October 2023

Academic Abstract

This article integrates and advances the scope of research on the role of mental time travel in bolstering the self. We propose that imagining the self in the future (prospection) or in the past (retrospection) highlights central and positive self-aspects. Thus, bringing to mind one’s future or past broadens the perceived bases of self-integrity and offers a route to self-affirmation. In reviewing corresponding research programs on self-prospection and nostalgia, we illustrate that mental time travel serves to affirm the self in terms of self-esteem, coherence, and control. Mental time travel could be implemented as a source of self-affirmation for facilitating coping and behavior change in several domains such as relationships, health, education, and organizational contexts.

Public Abstract

People can mentally travel to their future or to their past. When people imagine what they will be like in the future, or what they were like in the past, they tend to think about themselves in terms of the important and positive attributes that they possess. Thinking about themselves in such an affirming way expands and consolidates their self-views. This broader image of themselves can increase self-esteem (the extent to which one likes who they are), coherence (the extent to which one perceives life as meaningful), and control (the extent to which one feels capable of initiating and pursuing goals or effecting desirable outcomes). Mental time travel, then, has favorable or affirming consequences for one’s self-views. These consequences can be harnessed to modify one’s behavior in such life domains as relationships, health, education, and work.
Transforming academic research? Resistances to gender mainstreaming implementation in universities
Authors: Tildesley Rebecca
Published: October 2023

Resistance hinders the potential of gender equality strategies to modify institutional arrangements and challenge the status quo. Applying the integrationist or agenda-setting distinction of approaches to gender mainstreaming and drawing on feminist institutionalism and gender policy implementation theory, this article analyses resistances that undermine a more transformative agenda-setting approach to gender mainstreaming in university research settings. The analysis of qualitative data from a selection of three Catalan universities reveals implicit institutional resistance and individual opposition from research managers that contribute to integrationist approaches to gender mainstreaming and the ineffective implementation of actions that aim to achieve distinct gender equality in research goals. Despite the favourable policy context and rhetorical commitments in university gender equality plans and in research managers’ discourse, norms of meritocracy underlie resistance to actions that imply greater structural and cultural change, including research managers who lack knowledge of gender mainstreaming and participate minimally in implementation. Entrenched norms around research autonomy and the non-prioritization of gender inform more explicit resistance to actions that aim for a more gender-aware science, to incorporate the gender dimension into all research and to promote gender research, where progress is particularly slow.
Far-right populism in alt-tech: A challenge for democracy?
Authors: Dowling Melissa-Ellen
Published: October 2023

This article examines how far-right communities in alt-tech platforms depict and engage with the values of democracy. The study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the impact of far-right populism on democracy and the role of alt-tech social media as an enabling platform for such ideologies. Through applying the concept of polyarchal democracy as an analytical framework, the article conducts a case study of Australian alt-tech communities to explore discourses of democracy. The dataset comprises of text-centric social media posts from the Telegram and Gab platforms during the 2022 federal election period. The findings reveal that, overall, far-right populist discourses in alt-tech communities predominantly support the processes of democracy and uphold most (though not all) of its values. Understanding these discourses is crucial for safeguarding liberal democracy in a context of rising illiberalism.
Tie strength and media use in friendships across the course of a year: Testing media multiplexity theory’s third proposition
Authors: Ledbetter Andrew M
Published: October 2023

Although central to media multiplexity theory’s logic, the proposition that tie strength and media multiplexity mutually cause each other has received limited empirical test. This study evaluated this proposition via survey data collected from friends in Spring 2020 and Spring 2021, examining their friendship across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. When examining retrospective reports of the relationship pre-pandemic, results supported the claim that media multiplexity predicts tie strength; in contrast, longitudinal results between Spring 2020 and Spring 2021 supported the claim that tie strength predicts media multiplexity. These findings may indicate a need for clearer boundary conditions for the theory, as well as more thorough consideration of the explanatory mechanisms that underlie the link between multiplexity and tie strength.
Gender Role Attitudes Influence Vocal Masculine Preferences Among Gay Men in China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Yue
Published: October 2023

Gender role attitudes refer to attitudes toward the appropriate roles, rights, and responsibilities of men and women in society. Evidence indicates that individuals with traditional gender role attitudes tend to prefer mates with sex-typical opposite-sex characteristics in heterosexual men and women. This study examined whether gender role attitudes were associated with vocal masculinity preference in gay men in China. Five hundred and sixty-seven participants aged between 16 and 49 years completed the vocal masculinity preference (voice pitch and vocal tract length; VTLs) and gender role attitudes scale. The results indicated that gay men generally preferred masculine voices (lower voice pitch and longer VTLs) and gender role attitudes were positively correlated with preferences for masculine cues in the voices of men. While individuals indicating an affinity with traditional gender roles exhibited stronger preferences for feminine voices, which were inconsistent with the present hypotheses. The results help us understand the role of traditional gender beliefs in the mate preferences of gay men in China. Furthermore, based on the results, understanding one's gender-role attitudes can help cultivate more diversified criteria for mate selection and facilitate gay men in better choosing suitable mates. Future longitudinal studies should examine the relationship between gender role attitudes and masculine preference changes over time. Whether this relationship differs in the different sexual roles of gay men should also be explored.
The Choctaw Nation’s Growing Hope Program
Authors: Thompson Ian , Putman Jacqueline , Madbull Misty , Sharp Makynna , Presley Jessica , Jauregui-Dusseau Alex , Clyma Kaylee , Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird
Published: October 2023

The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma’s Historic Preservation Department (HPD) and the Center for Indigenous Health Equity (CIIHE) are partnering to implement and evaluate food sovereignty interventions to better understand the potential impact of such programs on individual and community health. The HPD’s Growing Hope Program is a food sovereignty initiative that aims to restore traditional Choctaw gardens, which were once a physical, social, and cultural center of Choctaw life. The program combines heirloom seeds and the stories of their origins, gardening education and technical assistance, cooking classes, and a Choctaw youth internship program to support intergenerational knowledge and the restoration of culture and food security. Since its inception the program has provided Choctaw families with ancestral Choctaw cultivar seeds and provided the technical assistance to support the growing of sustainable, healthy, traditional Choctaw foods.
Supporting Traditional Foodways Knowledge and Practices in Alaska Native Communities: The Elders Mentoring Elders Camp
Authors: Demientieff LaVerne Xilegg , Rasmus Stacy , Black Jessica C. , Presley Jessica , Jauregui-Dusseau Alex , Clyma Kaylee R. , Jernigan Valarie Blue Bird
Published: October 2023

The transmission of generational knowledge in Alaska Native communities has been disrupted by colonization and led to declining health among Alaska Natives, as evidenced by the loss of knowledge regarding traditional foods and foodways and increasing rates of cardiometabolic disorders impacting Alaska Natives. Elders play a central role in passing down this generational knowledge, but emerging Elders may have difficulty in stepping into their roles as Elders due to the rapid social and cultural changes impacting their communities. The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) and the Denakkanaaga Elders Program are partnering with the Center for Indigenous Innovation and Health Equity to uplift and support traditional food knowledge and practices to promote health in Alaska Native communities. Guided by a decolonizing and Indigenizing framework, researchers at CANHR are working with Athabascan Elders in the Interior of Alaska to strengthen and protect the intergenerational transmission of cultural knowledge and practices for emerging Elders. This community-academic partnership will implement and evaluate an Elders Mentoring Elders Camp to focus on repairing and nurturing relationships through the practice and preservation of cultural knowledge and practices, including traditional foodways. This initiative contributes to the intergenerational transmission of knowledge, which is necessary to keep culture alive and thriving.
The Therapeutic Synergy of Selinexor and Venetoclax in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Through Induction of DNA Damage and Perturbation of the DNA Damage Response
Authors: Yuan Sheng , Zuo Wei , Liu Tingting , Fu Huan
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) can be stratified into blastoid and classical subtypes based on morphological features, with the former subtype having a poorer prognosis. Despite recent advances in targeted approaches, including multiple bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors which yield impressive clinical responses and improve prognoses, MCL remains an incurable disease with frequent relapses. Additional therapeutic interventions are therefore unmet medical needs for the management of patients with MCL. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis assays were employed to analyze the therapeutic interaction of venetoclax combined with selinexor in MCL cells. Western blot was used to investigate the potential mechanism of action for the synergy of venetoclax in combination with selinexor in MCL cells. Results: In this study, we revealed that both blastoid and classical MCL cells were vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of selinexor, a well-established XPO1 inhibitor, manifested by loss of cell viability and induction of cell apoptosis. Moreover, our data indicated that the addition of venetoclax to selinexor showed synergistically decreased cell viabilities and increased cell deaths in blastoid and classical MCL cells compared to each single drug treatment. Either selinexor or venetoclax treatment alone decreased MCL1 expressions and increased BAX levels in MCL cells, and these effects were further enhanced by their combined regimen. Mechanistically, our findings demonstrated that induction of DNA damage and inactivation of DNA damage response were involved in the synergistic interaction of the drug combination regimen. Conclusion: Collectively, this study might provide a potential attractive therapy option for the treatment of MCL. However, the conclusion needs additional experimental validation in in vivo models and clinical evaluations are mandatory.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Inhibitory Study of Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki), Syzygium aromaticum (Loung), Lawsonia inermis (Henna), Rheum emodi (Revand Chini), Curcuma longa (Haldi) Against Lipid Per-Oxidation in Mice Brain and Liver
Authors: Hassan Farooq , Khan Asmat Ullah , Zaidi Syed Zahoor ul Hassan , Niazi Madiha Khan , ismail Muhammad Amjed
Published: October 2023

The aerobic organisms not only need oxygen for survival, but oxygen is also fundamentally malignant to the aerobic organism on the grounds of free radical generation and their affiliation with free oxidative stress. This study was done to evaluate the antioxidant and protective properties of P kurroa, S aromaticum, L inermis, R emodi, and C longa against lipid peroxidation induced by different pro-oxidants. The aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced by different pro-oxidants (10 mM FeSO4 and 5 mM sodium nitroprusside) in the brain and liver of mice. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activities of the extracts were evaluated by the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. L inermis, S aromaticum, and R emodi showed higher inhibitory effects, which could be attributed to their significantly reduced ability and free radical scavenging activities. Therefore, the oxidative stress in the brain and liver could be potentially managed or prevented by the dietary intake of L inermis, S aromaticum, and R emodi plants, which justifies the use of these plants in various degenerative diseases. C longa and P kurroa showed relatively weak antioxidant activities.
Modeling and simulation of the equivalent vertical stiffness of leaf spring suspensions
Authors: Zhang Junhong , Long Feiqi , Lin Jiewei , Zhu Xiaolong , Dai Huwei
Published: October 2023

In vehicle multi-body dynamics (MBD) modeling, the stiffness parameterization of leaf spring (LS) is an unavoidable challenge regardless of the selection of modeling methods. On the contrary, the parameterization of Coil Spring (CS) stiffness is easy to achieve by adjusting the scale factor. Therefore, a novel LS stiffness parameterization method by treating the suspension stiffness as an intermediate variable through a CS stiffness is proposed based on the virtual displacement theory. The proposed method is then implemented in the vehicle-level modeling of a commercial Van with front transverse leaf spring suspensions and rear longitudinal parabolic leaf spring suspensions. The MBD model is validated by natural frequency tests and suspension stiffness simulations. Furthermore, the vertical acceleration of the car body is also verified. Results show that the root mean square (RMS) values of body vertical acceleration in the equivalent CS model are just slightly lower than that in the LS suspensions. The applicability and capability of the proposed method are proven to address the limitation of LS stiffness parameterization in MBD modeling. It lays the groundwork for efficiently simulating the LS suspension in vehicle ride and handling design and optimization.
Dying to be better: Outlining the growing benefits of palliative care training in intensive care medicine
Authors: Edwardson Stuart , Henderson Sophia , Corr Conal , Clark Clair , Beatty Monika
Published: October 2023

A core part of an intensivist’s work involves navigating the challenges of End of Life Care. While rates of survival from critical illness have gradually improved, 15%–20% of our patients die during their hospital admission, and a further 20% die within a year. 80% of our patients lack capacity to express their wishes with regard to treatment escalation planning. The critical care unit can be an excellent place to provide a good death, however the very nature of critical illness provides some obstacles to this. Prognostic uncertainty, time-pressured critical decision making, and lack of meaningful contact with a patient and their loved ones are but a few. In this article, we compare the ethos of critical care and palliative care medicine and explore how training in both of these specialities could be brought closer together and more formalised such that the intensivists of the future are more strongly equipped with the skills to shape a critical care unit to overcome these challenges and provide the best care to these patients, many of whom may be in the final phase of their life.
Moving scope technique improves technical success rate of device insertion during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (with video)
Authors: Bessho Kimi , Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Sakamoto Jun , Yamamoto Yoshitaro , Uba Yuki , Tomita Mitsuki , Hattori Nobuhiro , Nakamura Junichi , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: October 2023

Background:

Technical tips for device insertion during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) have not been reported. To improve the technical success rate of device insertion without unnecessary tract dilation, the pushing force should be transmitted directly from the channel of the echoendoscope to the intrahepatic bile duct.

Objectives:

We developed a novel technique, termed the ‘moving scope technique’, the feasibility of which during EUS-HGS is described.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Methods:

The primary outcome of this study was the technical success rate of dilation device insertion without electrocautery dilation after the moving scope technique. The initial technical success rate of dilation device insertion was defined as successful insertion into the biliary tract. If dilation device insertion failed, the moving scope technique was attempted.

Results:

A total of 143 patients were enrolled in this study. The initial technical success rate for device insertion was 80.4% (115/143). The moving scope technique was therefore attempted in 28 patients. The mean angle between the intrahepatic bile duct and the guidewire was improved to 141.0° and resulted in a technical success rate of 100% (28/28). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.88, and 120° predicted successful dilation device insertion with sensitivity of 88.0% and specificity of 78.8%. Bile peritonitis ( n = 8) and cholangitis ( n = 2) were observed as adverse events, but were not severe.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the moving scope technique may be helpful during EUS-HGS to achieve successful insertion of the dilation device into the biliary tract. These results should be evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Personal Traits and Emotional Skills: A Structural Model of General Mental Ability
Authors: Izquierdo Andrea , Gilar-Corbí Raquel , Pozo-Rico Teresa , Castejón Juan Luis
Published: October 2023

Teachers’ personal traits and emotional skills impact the quality of the teaching they deliver. Therefore, this study analyzes the relationship between pre-service teachers’ general mental ability, personal traits, and perceived emotional intelligence, so as to present a structural model of general mental ability. It uses a sample of 196 final-year teaching students at a university in Spain (80.1% women, Myears = 22.96). The results of the structural equation model analysis reveal that personal traits and intelligence variables contribute the most to explaining the pre-service teachers’ level of training. Regarding the pre-service teachers’ academic achievement, conscientiousness and intelligence are direct predictors; negative neuroticism and conscientiousness are indirect predictors. The findings highlight the importance of working on these variables in the study of teacher training because they relate to relevant aspects of teachers’ work and can help to achieve a quality educational environment.
Eye Tracking-Based Adaptive Displays: A Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Chahine Wafic , Hachem Nour , Moacdieh Nadine Marie
Published: October 2023

Adaptive displays have long been touted as a means of improving the usability of different types of interfaces. However, purely eye tracking-based adaptive displays have not yet lived up to the initial promise. In many cases, adaptive displays are tailored to users with special needs, developed to supplement virtual reality, or combine eye tracking with other physiological measures. This mapping review focuses instead on recent adaptive displays that rely solely on eye tracking input to understand a user’s needs while interacting with a regular computer display. We aimed to answer three main research questions related to 1) the application domains of such adaptive displays, 2) the eye tracking metrics that have been adopted to track attention allocation in real time, and 3) the adaptation triggering mechanisms. We provide a summary of the current state of eye tracking-based adaptive displays, identify gaps in the literature, and suggest topics for future work.
Academic procrastination as a mediator between learning environment and academic performance
Authors: Sun Tianchen , Huynh Roger , Kim Ji-Eun
Published: October 2023

Learning environment variables, such as online/in-person learning and time in academic term, are known to increase students’ academic procrastination and worsen their academic performance. However, the role of academic procrastination in the relationship between learning environment and academic performance remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the multivariate relationships among learning environment variables, including online/in-person classrooms and time in academic term; academic procrastination; and academic performance simultaneously in an integrated model. A longitudinal field study consisting of 120 undergraduate participants was conducted from 2019 to 2022. A structural equation model was constructed to test the relationships among variables. The results showed that in the second half of the academic quarter in online learning environments, students procrastinated more and submitted assignments close to the deadline, which resulted in low academic performance. Students’ academic procrastination mediated the relationship between learning environment and academic performance.
Design and Development of an Augmented Reality Interface for Space Exploration
Authors: Hutton Abbie , Bui Bill , Hubener Valerie
Published: October 2023

The Holographic Augmented Reality Visualization Interface for Exploration (HARVIE) was developed for the 2022 NASA SUITS (Spacesuit User Interface for Students) challenge. HARVIE assists astronauts with elevated demands of the lunar surface through navigation, terrain sensing, and an optimal display of suit status elements (e.g., oxygen, battery, and heart rate). Considering environmental constraints, the system architecture promotes efficient cross modal communication between the mission control center, other astronauts, and the user interface. Currently, the system utilizes a hands-free modality such as speech recognition. Throughout the design process, we conducted heuristic evaluations on a low-fidelity prototype. Then, we implemented HARVIE into a high-fidelity prototype on the HoloLens 2 and utilized the Rapid Iterative Testing & Evaluation (RITE) method for human-in-the-loop testing. Lastly, we evaluated our final design at NASA Johnson Space Center. Our interface serves as a novel approach to enhance how astronauts navigate on missions using augmented reality.
Effect of Task Demands on Elementary Features in Vigilance
Authors: Lui Tiffany G. , Hess Lucas J. , Greenlee Eric T. , DeLucia Patricia R.
Published: October 2023

The current study sought to extend upon the findings of DeLucia et al. (2018), who observed a vigilance decrement when observers were asked to detect the presence of an elementary perceptual feature. A second, harder condition was introduced that asked participants to search for the absence of an elementary perceptual feature. Results indicated that correct detections and response time were worse in the feature-absence condition than in the feature-presence condition, and both conditions elicited progressively slower response times as the task progressed (i.e., a vigilance decrement). Eye-tracking data suggested that searching for feature-presence was more efficient than searching for feature-absence. These results echo those of DeLucia et al., indicating that elementary feature detection is not automatic and cannot protect fully against the vigilance decrement. Our results also suggest that display designs that task users with detecting elementary features can augment overall, average vigilance performance.
Lower Executive Function Ability May Lead to Higher Perceived Mental Workload in Driving Scenarios
Authors: Jiang Haoyan , Mizobuchi Sachi , Chignell Mark
Published: October 2023

Driver mental workload may represent a mismatch between task demands and available mental resources. If driving mental workload arises from a mismatch involving executive functions, then drivers with more executive function ability should perceive less mental workload in driving situations. To test this hypothesis, 33 participants rated the mental workload associated with 16 driving scenarios and also carried out three cognitive assessment games designed to measure executive functions (response inhibition, working memory updating, switching/shifting). We found a significant relationship between two of the executive function abilities (response inhibition, and switching/shifting, but not working memory updating) and mental workload ratings. With an increase in the age of participants, we observed lower response inhibition and higher perceived mental workload after viewing representations of driving scenarios. These results demonstrate that previous results showing higher perceived mental workload for older drivers may be, at least partly, due to decreases in executive function ability as people age.
Use of Trajectory Option Sets to Support Collaborative Constraint Propagation
Authors: Smith Philip J. , Yuditsky Tanya , Brickman Bart
Published: October 2023

Air traffic flow management is supported by a highly distributed work system in which airline dispatchers and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) traffic managers must coordinate. To support asynchronous coordination between a dispatcher and a traffic manager, the FAA has developed software that allows the flight operators to submit multiple, prioritized alternative flight plans. This set of alternative flight plans, submitted along with a filed route, is referred to as a Trajectory Option Set (TOS). And some airlines have now developed initial versions of software capable of generating and submitting such TOSs. This paper reports on cognitive walkthroughs with 5 dispatchers and 3 traffic managers on 5 scenarios designed to evaluate the operational concept, procedures and supporting FAA and airline software. The findings provide guidance for application of the concept of collaborative constraint propagation to support distributed work, as well as 42 recommendations for enhancing associated procedures and supporting software designs.
Using AI Tools to Develop Training Materials for Aviation: Ethical, Technical, and Practical Concerns
Authors: Nguyen Blake , Sonnenfeld Nathan , Finkelstein Lindsay , Alonso Alex , Gomez Caroline , Duruaku Fiona , Jentsch Florian
Published: October 2023

A key potential advantage of modern training technologies relates to the ability to use them to automate aspects of training. Although in the early stages of adoption within the aviation industry, artificial intelligence (AI) tools and methods have many promises for training design, development, delivery, and assessment. We applied the use-case technology-mapping framework (UCTM) to identify and analyze how automation and AI technologies may be used within the flightcrew training design pipeline, integrating perspectives from relevant literature, informal discussions with stakeholders, and workshops with domain experts. Our preliminary findings highlight current/near-future applications of AI methods and tools in the training design pipeline. Here, we discuss ethical/legal, technical, and practical considerations for flightcrew training. We urge practitioners and researchers in the aviation human factors community to engage in this discussion and to conduct empirical research that will allow for a positive use of the technology across applications, including in aviation training.

Practical Takeaways/Applications.

• We present a wide range of potential use cases of AI in flightcrew training.

• We discuss the ethical/legal, technical, and practical implications of automation and AI.

• This information may inform future training processes and practices in the aviation domain.
A data-driven approach to understand factors contributing to exoskeleton use-intention in construction
Authors: Kim Sunwook , Moore Albert , Ojelade Aanuoluwapo , Gutierrez Nancy , Harris-Adamson Carisa , Barr Alan , Srinivasan Divya , Nussbaum Maury A.
Published: October 2023

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) remain an important heath concern for construction workers. Occupational exoskeletons (EXOs) are a new ergonomic intervention to control WMSD risk, yet their adoption has been low in construction. We explored contributing factors to EXO use-intention, by building a decision tree to predict the intention to try an exoskeleton using responses to an online survey. Variable selection and hyperparameter tuning were used respectively to reduce the number of potential predictors, and for a better prediction performance. Performance was assessed using four common metrics. The importance of variables in the final tree was calculated to understand which variable had a greater influence. The final tree had moderate prediction performance. Important variables identified were associated with opinions on EXO use, demographics, job demands, and perceived potential risks. The key influential variables were EXOs becoming standard equipment and fatigue reduction with EXO use. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Understanding Learning Engagement with User-Centered Human-Computer Interaction in a Multimodal Online Learning Environment
Authors: Ma Jiahui , Johnson Elizabeth A. , McCrory Bernadette
Published: October 2023

Multimodal online learning environment improves learning experience through different modalities such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic interactions. Multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) with multiple biosensors provides a way to overcome the challenge of analyzing the multiple interaction types simultaneously. Galvanic skin response/electrodermal activity (GSR/EDA), eye tracking and facial expression were used to measure the learning interaction in a multimodal online learning environment. iMotions and R software were used to post-process and analyze the time-synchronized biosensor data. GSR/EDA, eye tracking and facial expression showed real-time cognitive, emotional, and visual learning engagement for each interaction type. There is a tremendous potential for using MMLA with multiple biosensors to understand learning engagement in a multimodal online learning environment was shown in this study.
Using Detection Response Task and NASA-TLX to Measure the Difference in Cognitive Workload Between Partially Automated Mode and Manual Mode: An On-Road Study
Authors: Jajo Noor , Biondi Francesco N.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate how partially automated vehicles affect cognitive load. The study involved an on-road experiment where 29 participants drove a Tesla in both partially automated and manual mode for up to 45 minutes. The researchers objectively measured the participants' cognitive workload using the Detection Response Task (DRT) and subjectively assessed it using NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in cognitive workload between the partially automated mode and manual mode in both objective and subjective measures. Our study expands the literature on the effects of partially automated vehicles on cognitive workload by using DRT and NASA-TLX. Further studies should adopt similar methodology with the addition of physiological and ocular measures.
The Effects of Individual Differences in Working Memory on Trust Recovery
Authors: Ku Connie , Pak Richard
Published: October 2023

While trust repair is an active area of inquiry (i.e., systems that proactively repair users’ trust in itself, De Visser, Pak, and Shaw 2018), most technology does not have the ability to initiate trust repair. Thus, it is crucial to examine how unaided trust recovery occurs and the factors that could influence it. Prior research has highlighted the potential importance of individual difference factors such as working memory capacity (e.g., Rovira, Pak, McLaughlin, 2017). Previous research also suggests operators’ trust on automation recovers naturally without trust repair strategies (e.g., Lee and Moray, 1992; Mishler and Chen, 2023). However, the specific dynamics of unaided trust recovery and how they are influenced by individual differences are unknown. There are theoretical and practical reasons why this topic is important. Theoretically, it is important to know why some people show trust recovery (i.e., trust recovery naturally, over time), but not others, as such information can inform theories of human-machine trust. Practically, a lot of technologies do not have a trust repairing system to rebuild users’ trust after errors occur; information gained in this study may have direct implications for redesigning systems to aid trust recovery (without using trust repair). The current study has two goals; the first is to understand how trust recovers naturally (unaided). The second goal is to specifically examine how working memory is related to the process of unaided trust recovery. This study will use a computer-based automation task to examine participants’ trust level at three different time points (i.e., before, during, and after automation failures). A final exploratory role of this study will be to examine the role of attention control on trust dynamics. The current study will shed light on individual differences in unaided trust recovery and potential causes.
Evaluating Workload Indicators for Learning During Stress Exposure Training of Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Gazetta Gabriel , Miller Chloe , Clemency Brian , Tanaka Kaori , Hackett Matthew , Norfleet Jack , Rahul  , Schwaitzberg Steven D. , De Suvranu , Cavuoto Lora
Published: October 2023

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is an important procedure of point-of-injury care and emergency medicine. Although ETI is a complex procedure with possible stressful conditions demanding higher levels of mental workload, traditional training methods do not involve stress exposure training. This study aims to evaluate potential workload indicators for stress exposure training for ETI. Twelve participants executed intubation tasks in three separate visits and were exposed to auditory and visual stressors. Participants were instrumented with eye-tracking glasses and a heart rate monitor. Participants rated their perceived workload using the NASA-Task Load Index scale. When comparing the first repetitions during the first visit to the last repetitions on the last visit, participants expressed a significant improvement in performance, reduction in perceived workload, and smaller differences in heart-rate variability between rest and task execution. Results demonstrated the potential effectiveness of stress exposure training in improving performance and reducing mental workload.
Dark Patterns and User Mental Health: Identifying Theoretical Impacts of Deceptive Design on Vulnerable Demographics
Authors: Hilton Morgan
Published: October 2023

Deceptive Design, or “Dark Patterns” in UI/UX are becoming increasingly prevalent and sophisticated in nature. As a result, users frequently encounter them in contexts such as e-commerce and social media whether it’s unbeknownst to the user or not. While previous research has explored user perception and attitudes towards “Dark Patterns”, little research has been conducted to investigate its potential impacts on a user’s mental health. The purpose of this paper is to identify vulnerable demographics of users who may face harmful outcomes as a result of interacting with deceptive design. From this, we generate a set of research questions that are intended to generate discourse and further investigation into the possible impacts of Dark Patterns on these users.