bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecotoxicological Properties of Pure and Phosphorus-Containing Graphene Oxide Bidimensional Sheets in Daphnia magna
Authors: Mendoza-Villa F. , Checca-Huaman Noemi-Raquel , Costa Tainara L. G. , Freitas Jair C. C. , Ramos-Guivar Juan A.
Published: March 2024

In this work, the synthesis and structural, thermal, vibrational, morphological, and electronic characterization of 2D-like pure graphene oxide (GO) and phosphorus-containing graphene oxide (GOP) sheets were investigated. The average thicknesses of GO and GOP were 0.8 μm and 3.1 μm, respectively. The electron energy-loss spectroscopy spectra were used to analyze the differences in the C-K and O-K energy edge bands between GO and GOP. In addition, colloidal stability was studied using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential physicochemical techniques, determining that as the concentration increases, the hydrodynamic diameter and electrostatic stability of GO and GOP increase. The colloidal stability was quite important to ensure the interaction between the suspended solid phase and the biomarker. The 2D-like materials were used to determine their ecotoxicological properties, such as the medium lethal concentration, a crucial parameter for understanding ecotoxicity. Acute ecotoxicity experiments (24 h) were conducted in triplicate to obtain robust statistics, with corresponding mean lethal concentration (LC50) of 11.4 mg L−1 and 9.8 mg L−1 for GO and GOP, respectively. The morphological parameters of GO and GOP were compared with a negative control. However, only the case of GO was analyzed, since the Daphnia magna (D. magna) set exposed to GOP died before completing the time required for morphological analysis. The results indicate that the GOP sample is more toxic than the GO, both during and after exposure. Furthermore, the morphological parameters with the greatest statistically significant changes (p<0.05) were associated with the heart and body, while the eye and tail showed less significant changes.
Natural Pyrethrin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Liver Cells through Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Yun , Wei Xiaoyi , Ying Mengchao , Huang Haiyan , Sha Yijie , Hong Xinyu , Xiao Ping , Tao Gonghua
Published: March 2024

Natural pyrethrins (NPs), one kind of bio-pesticide, have been widely used in organic agriculture and ecological environment studies. Studies have shown that NPs may affect the metabolism of rat liver and human hepatocytes; nevertheless, the toxic effects of NPs on the liver and the related mechanisms are still incompletely understood. In this research, we utilized three types of human liver cells to investigate the mechanism of NPs’ induction of oxidative stress. The results showed that NPs exhibit noteworthy cytotoxic effects on human liver cells. These effects are characterized by the induction of LDH release, mitochondrial collapse, and an increased production of ROS and MDA content, subsequently activating the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf-2) pathway. The ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) can alleviate ROS/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, the siRNA knockdown of Nrf-2 exacerbated the injury, including ROS production, and inhibited cell viability. In summary, the ROS-mediated Keap1/Nrf-2 pathway could be an important regulator of NP-induced damage in human liver cells, which further illustrates the hepatotoxicity of NPs and thereby contributes to the scientific basis for further exploration.
Effect of CYP2D6, 2C19, and 3A4 Phenoconversion in Drug-Related Deaths
Authors: Aly Sanaa M. , Hennart Benjamin , Gaulier Jean-Michel , Allorge Delphine
Published: March 2024

Molecular autopsy is a very important tool in forensic toxicology. However, many determinants, such as co-medication and physiological parameters, should be considered for optimal results. These determinants could cause phenoconversion (PC), a discrepancy between the real metabolic profile after phenoconversion and the phenotype determined by the genotype. This study’s objective was to assess the PC of drug-metabolizing enzymes, namely CYP2D6, 2C19, and 3A4, in 45 post-mortem cases where medications that are substrates, inducers, or inhibitors of these enzymes were detected. It also intended to evaluate how PC affected the drug’s metabolic ratio (MR) in four cases. Blood samples from 45 cases of drug-related deaths were analyzed to detect and determine drug and metabolite concentrations. Moreover, all the samples underwent genotyping utilizing the HaloPlex Target Enrichment System for CYP2D6, 2C19, and 3A4. The results of the present study revealed a statistically significant rate of PC for the three investigated enzymes, with a higher frequency of poor metabolizers after PC. A compatibility was seen between the results of the genomic evaluation after PC and the observed MRs of venlafaxine, citalopram, and fentanyl. This leads us to focus on the determinants causing PC that may be mainly induced by drug interactions. This complex phenomenon can have a significant impact on the analysis, interpretation of genotypes, and accurate conclusions in forensic toxicology. Nevertheless, more research with more cases in the future is needed to confirm these results.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis Investigating Pregnant Women’s Renal Function and Its Association with Lead and Cadmium Exposures—The DSAN Birth Cohort Study in Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil
Authors: Di Giuseppe Eréndira C. , Ferréol Bah Homègnon A. , Gomes Júnior Erival A. , dos Santos Nathália R. , Costa Daisy O. , Martinez Victor O. , Macêdo Pires Elis , Araújo Santana João V. , da S. Cerqueira Filipe , Menezes-Filho José A.
Published: March 2024

Kidney dysfunction is increasing worldwide and is exacerbated by exposure to toxic metals. Also, pregnancy poses an overload on kidney function. We investigated how blood lead (PbB) and cadmium (CdB) levels were associated with kidney function in pregnant women from Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil, during their second trimester. In this cross-sectional study, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine and whole blood metal levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 136 volunteers. Sociodemographic data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The medians (IQR) of PbB, CdB, and eGFR were 0.85 µg/dL (0.45–1.75), 0.55 µg/L (0.08–0.91), and 121.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (106.0–127.9), respectively. PbB medians were significantly higher in the eGFR < 90 group at 2.00 µg/dL (0.83, 3.10). After age-adjusted logistic regression, pregnant women with elevated PbB levels had decreased eGFR (OR = 1.82; 95%-CI, 1.14–3.14). However, the participants with elevated PbB levels who reported consuming alcohol during pregnancy or had CdB in the highest tertile had higher odds of reduced eGFR (OR = 2.44; 95%-CI, 1.30–5.47) and (OR = 11.22; 95% CI, 2.53–103.51), respectively. These results suggest that low Pb exposure may affect kidney function in pregnant women and calls for further investigation into toxic metal co-exposures on kidney function during pregnancy in at-risk communities.
Cadmium-Induced Physiological Responses, Biosorption and Bioaccumulation in Scenedesmus obliquus
Authors: Xu Pingping , Tu Xiaojie , An Zhengda , Mi Wujuan , Wan Dong , Bi Yonghong , Song Gaofei
Published: March 2024

Cadmium ion (Cd2+) is a highly toxic metal in water, even at low concentrations. Microalgae are a promising material for heavy metal remediation. The present study investigated the effects of Cd2+ on growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, cell morphology, and Cd2+ adsorption and accumulation capacity of the freshwater green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Experiments were conducted by exposing S. obliquus to varying concentrations of Cd2+ for 96 h, assessing its tolerance and removal capacity towards Cd2+. The results showed that higher concentrations of Cd2+ (>0.5 mg L−1) reduced pigment content, inhibited algal growth and electron transfer in photosynthesis, and led to morphological changes such as mitochondrial disappearance and chloroplast deformation. In this process, S. obliquus counteracted Cd2+ toxicity by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, accumulating starch and high-density granules, and secreting extracellular polymeric substances. When the initial Cd2+ concentration was less than or equal to 0.5 mg L−1, S. obliquus was able to efficiently remove over 95% of Cd2+ from the environment through biosorption and bioaccumulation. However, when the initial Cd2+ concentration exceeded 0.5 mg L−1, the removal efficiency decreased slightly to about 70%, with biosorption accounting for more than 60% of this process, emerging as the predominant mechanism for Cd2+ removal. Fourier transform infrared correlation spectroscopy analysis indicated that the carboxyl and amino groups of the cell wall were the key factors in removing Cd2+. In conclusion, S. obliquus has considerable potential for the remediation of aquatic environments with Cd2+, providing algal resources for developing new microalgae-based bioremediation techniques for heavy metals.
Elucidating Amendment Resources for Reclaiming Efficacy of Sodic Soils around Abaya and Chamo Lakes, South Ethiopia Rift Valley
Authors: Walche Azmera , Haile Wassie , Kiflu Alemayehu , Tsegaye Dereje
Published: March 2024

Background: Sodic soils are harmful to agricultural and natural environments in Ethiopia’s semi-arid and arid regions, leading to soil degradation and reduced productivity. This study investigated how amendment resources could help improve the chemical properties of sodic soils around the Abaya and Chamo Lakes in the South Ethiopia Rift Valley. Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects of gypsum (GYP) and farmyard manure (FYM) on sodic soil reclamation. The experiment had four levels of GYP (0, 50, 100, and 150%) and four levels of FYM (0, 10, 20, and 30 tons ha−1), with three replications. The pots were incubated for three months and leached for one month, after which soil samples were collected and analyzed for chemical properties. ANOVA was performed to determine the optimal amendment level for sodic soil reclamation. Results: The study found that applying 10 ton FYM ha−1 and gypsum at 100% gypsum required (GR) rate resulted in a 99.8% decrease in exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP) compared to untreated composite sodic soil and a 1.31% reduction over the control (GYP 0% + FYM 0 ton ha−1). As a result, this leads to a decrease in soil electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium (Ex. Na), and ESP values. The results were confirmed by the LSD test at 0.05. It is fascinating to see how different treatments can have such a significant impact on soil properties. The prediction models indicate that ESP’s sodic soil treatment effect (R2 = 0.95) determines the optimal amendment level for displacing Ex. Na from the exchange site. The best estimator models for ESP using sodic soil treatment levels were ESP = 1.65–0.33 GYP for sole gypsum application and ESP = 1.65–0.33 GYP + 0.28 FYM for combined GYP and FYM application, respectively. Conclusion: The study found that combined GYP and FYM applications reduced ESP to less than 10% in agriculture, but further research is needed to determine their effectiveness at the field level.
Precision Prediction for Dengue Fever in Singapore: A Machine Learning Approach Incorporating Meteorological Data
Authors: Tian Na , Zheng Jin-Xin , Li Lan-Hua , Xue Jing-Bo , Xia Shang , Lv Shan , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aimed to improve dengue fever predictions in Singapore using a machine learning model that incorporates meteorological data, addressing the current methodological limitations by examining the intricate relationships between weather changes and dengue transmission. Method: Using weekly dengue case and meteorological data from 2012 to 2022, the data was preprocessed and analyzed using various machine learning algorithms, including General Linear Model (GLM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms. Performance metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and R-squared (R2) were employed. Results: From 2012 to 2022, there was a total of 164,333 cases of dengue fever. Singapore witnessed a fluctuating number of dengue cases, peaking notably in 2020 and revealing a strong seasonality between March and July. An analysis of meteorological data points highlighted connections between certain climate variables and dengue fever outbreaks. The correlation analyses suggested significant associations between dengue cases and specific weather factors such as solar radiation, solar energy, and UV index. For disease predictions, the XGBoost model showed the best performance with an MAE = 89.12, RMSE = 156.07, and R2 = 0.83, identifying time as the primary factor, while 19 key predictors showed non-linear associations with dengue transmission. This underscores the significant role of environmental conditions, including cloud cover and rainfall, in dengue propagation. Conclusion: In the last decade, meteorological factors have significantly influenced dengue transmission in Singapore. This research, using the XGBoost model, highlights the key predictors like time and cloud cover in understanding dengue’s complex dynamics. By employing advanced algorithms, our study offers insights into dengue predictive models and the importance of careful model selection. These results can inform public health strategies, aiming to improve dengue control in Singapore and comparable regions.
Results of Response-Guided Therapy with Pegylated Interferon Alpha 2a in Chronic Hepatitis B and D
Authors: Gherlan George S. , Lazar Stefan D. , Culinescu Augustina , Smadu Dana , Vatafu Andreea R. , Popescu Corneliu P. , Florescu Simin A. , Ceausu Emanoil , Calistru Petre I.
Published: March 2024

Pegylated interferon alpha 2a continues to be used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis D. The reported on-treatment virologic response varies between 17 and 47%, with relapses in more than 50% of these patients. No stopping rules have been defined, and the duration of the treatment is not clearly established, but it should be between 48 and 96 weeks. In total, 76 patients with compensated liver disease treated with peg-interferon according to the Romanian National protocol for the treatment of hepatitis D were retrospectively included. The duration of treatment was up to 96 weeks, with the following stopping rules: less than a 2 log HDV RNA decrease by week 24 and less than a 1 log decrease every 6 months afterwards. Six months after stopping the treatment, it can be restarted for unlimited cycles. The inclusion criteria were aged above 18, HBs Ag-positive, HDV RNA detectable, ALT above ULN and/or liver fibrosis at least F1 at liver biopsy, or Fibrotest and/or Fibroscan higher than 7 KPa and/or inflammation at least A1 at liver biopsy or Fibrotest. We monitored our patients for a total period of 4 years (including those that repeated the cycle). After the first 6 months of treatment, 27 patients (35.5%) had a greater than 2 log HDV RNA decrease, 19 of them achieving undetectable HDV RNA. Seventeen patients (22.3%) had undetectable HDV RNA 24 weeks after stopping 96 weeks of treatment, and none relapsed in the following 2 years. Of these 17 patients, 6 were cirrhotic, and 4 had F3. Undetectable HDV RNA at 24 weeks was the only parameter that predicted a long-term suppression of HDV RNA. In 49 patients, the treatment was stopped after 6 months according to protocol, but it was restarted 6 months later. Five of these patients finished a 48-week course of treatment; none achieved undetectable HDV RNA. During the first course of therapy, 45 patients had at least one moderate adverse reaction to treatment. In one patient, the treatment was stopped due to a serious adverse event (osteomyelitis). Treatment doses had to be reduced in 29 patients. The virologic response at week 24 can select the patients who will benefit from continuing the treatment from those who should be changed to another type of medication when available.
From Forgotten Pathogen to Target for New Vaccines: What Clinicians Need to Know about Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults
Authors: Boattini Matteo , Almeida André , Comini Sara , Bianco Gabriele , Cavallo Rossana , Costa Cristina
Published: March 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as being implicated in acute illness in older adults, with a significant weight in hospitalizations for respiratory illness and death. By means of a best-evidence review, this paper aims to investigate whether RSV can be considered a forgotten pathogen in older patients, looking at trends in the literature volume and exploring possible epidemiological and clinical features underlying the focus given to it. We then present an assessment of its disease burden and present and future strategies for its reduction, particularly in light of the recent availability of new vaccines.
De-Escalated Therapy and Early Treatment of Recurrences in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: The Potential for Biomarkers to Revolutionize Personalized Therapy
Authors: Yarbrough Wendell G. , Schrank Travis P. , Burtness Barbara A. , Issaeva Natalia
Published: March 2024

Human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common HPV-associated cancer in the United States, with a rapid increase in incidence over the last two decades. The burden of HPV+ HNSCC is likely to continue to rise, and given the long latency between infection and the development of HPV+ HNSCC, it is estimated that the effect of the HPV vaccine will not be reflected in HNSCC prevalence until 2060. Efforts have begun to decrease morbidity of standard therapies for this disease, and its improved characterization is being leveraged to identify and target molecular vulnerabilities. Companion biomarkers for new therapies will identify responsive tumors. A more basic understanding of two mechanisms of HPV carcinogenesis in the head and neck has identified subtypes of HPV+ HNSCC that correlate with different carcinogenic programs and that identify tumors with good or poor prognosis. Current development of biomarkers that reliably identify these two subtypes, as well as biomarkers that can detect recurrent disease at an earlier time, will have immediate clinical application.
Vaccination against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2) Using a Baculovirus Recombinant Vaccine Provides Durable Immunity in Rabbits
Authors: Bosco-Lauth Angela M. , Schueler Amber , Midthun Edward , Tyra Hailey , Held Amanda , Hood Claire , Quilici Marissa , Erickson Sara , Glover Sherry , Gustafson Bradley , Anderson Gary
Published: March 2024

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) emerged in the United States in 2018 and has spread in both domestic and wild rabbits nationwide. The virus has a high mortality rate and can spread rapidly once introduced in a rabbit population. Vaccination against RHDV2 provides the best protection against disease and should be considered by all rabbit owners. Here, we investigate the duration of immunity provided by vaccination with the Medgene Platform conditionally licensed commercial vaccine 6 months following the initial series. Rabbits received either the vaccination or a placebo and were challenged with RHDV2 6 months later. All vaccinated rabbits survived challenge whereas 18/19 non-vaccinated controls succumbed to infection within 10 or fewer days post-challenge. These results demonstrate lasting immunity following vaccination with the Medgene RHDV2 vaccine.
PfAgo-Based Zika Virus Detection
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Zhang Xianyi , Yang Xuan , Su Lifang , Chen Weiran , Zhao Jixiang , Hu Yunhong , Wang Yuan , Wu Ying , Dong Yanming
Published: March 2024

As a mosquito-borne flavivirus, Zika virus (ZIKV) has been identified as a global health threat. The virus has been linked to severe congenital disabilities, including microcephaly and other congenital malformations, resulting in fatal intrauterine death. Therefore, developing sensitive and specific methods for the early detection and accurate diagnosis of the ZIKV is essential for controlling its spread and mitigating its impact on public health. Herein, we set up a novel nucleic acid detection system based on Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo)-mediated nucleic acid detection, targeting the non-structural protein 5 (NS5) region of the ZIKV genome (abbreviated ZIKV-PAND). Without preamplification with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the minimum detection concentration (MDC) of ZIKV-PAND was about 10 nM. When introducing an amplification step, the MDC can be dramatically decreased to the aM level (8.3 aM), which is comparable to qRT-PCR assay (1.6 aM). In addition, the diagnostic findings from the analysis of simulated clinical samples or Zika virus samples using ZIKV-PAND show a complete agreement of 100% with qRT-PCR assays. This correlation can aid in the implementation of molecular testing for clinical diagnoses and the investigation of ZIKV infection on an epidemiological scale.
Fluoxetine and Sertraline Potently Neutralize the Replication of Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Thümmler Laura , Beckmann Nadine , Sehl Carolin , Soddemann Matthias , Braß Peer , Bormann Maren , Brochhagen Leonie , Elsner Carina , Hoertel Nicolas , Cougoule Céline , Ciesek Sandra , Widera Marek , Dittmer Ulf , Lindemann Monika , Horn Peter A. , Witzke Oliver , Kadow Stephanie , Kamler Markus , Gulbins Erich , Becker Katrin Anne , Krawczyk Adalbert
Published: March 2024

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still a major health problem. Newly emerging variants and long-COVID-19 represent a challenge for the global health system. In particular, individuals in developing countries with insufficient health care need easily accessible, affordable and effective treatments of COVID-19. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase against infections with various viruses, including early variants of SARS-CoV-2. This work investigated whether the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors fluoxetine and sertraline, usually used as antidepressant molecules in clinical practice, can inhibit the replication of the former and recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Fluoxetine and sertraline potently inhibited the infection with pseudotyped virus-like particles and SARS-CoV-2 variants D614G, alpha, delta, omicron BA.1 and omicron BA.5. These results highlight fluoxetine and sertraline as priority candidates for large-scale phase 3 clinical trials at different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infections, either alone or in combination with other medications.
Genetic Characterization of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Isolated from Dairy Sheep in Greece
Authors: Kalogianni Aphrodite I. , Bouzalas Ilias , Marka Sofia , Zografaki Maria-Eleftheria , Mavrikou Sofia , Gelasakis Athanasios I.
Published: March 2024

The high genetic heterogeneity of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) renders the genetic characterization of the circulating strains crucial for the epidemiological investigation and the designation of effective diagnostic tools. In Greece, research data regarding the genetic diversity of the circulating SRLV strains is scarce, hindering the implementation of efficient surveillance and control programs. The objective of the study was to genetically characterize SRLV strains isolated from intensive dairy sheep farms in Greece and evaluate the variability of the immunodominant regions of the capsid protein. For this reason, a total of 12 SRLV-infected animals from four intensive dairy sheep farms with purebred Chios and Lacaune ewes were used for the amplification and sequencing of an 800 bp gag-pol fragment. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a breed-related circulation of strains; Chios ewes were infected with strains belonging exclusively to a separate group of genotype A, whereas strains belonging to subtype B2 were isolated from Lacaune ewes. Immunodominant epitopes of capsid protein were quite conserved among the strains of the same genotype, except for the Major Homology Region which showed some unique mutations with potential effects on viral evolution. The present study contributes to the extension of the current knowledge regarding the genetic diversity of SRLV strains circulating in sheep in Greece. However, broader genetic characterization studies are warranted for the exploration of possible recombinant events and the more comprehensive classification of the circulating strains.
A Bacterium-like Particle Vaccine Displaying Envelope Proteins of Canine Distemper Virus Can Induce Immune Responses in Mice and Dogs
Authors: Liu Lina , Wang Jianzhong , Li Ranran , Wu Jianzhao , Zhao Yongkun , Yan Feihu , Wang Tiecheng , Gao Yuwei , Zhao Zongzheng , Feng Na , Xia Xianzhu
Published: March 2024

Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause fatal infections in giant pandas. Vaccination is crucial to prevent CDV infection in giant pandas. In this study, two bacterium-like particle vaccines F3-GEM and H4-GEM displaying the trimeric F protein or tetrameric H protein of CDV were constructed based on the Gram-positive enhanced-matrix protein anchor (GEM-PA) surface display system. Electron microscopy and Western blot results revealed that the F or H protein was successfully anchored on the surface of GEM particles. Furthermore, one more bacterium-like particle vaccine F3 and H4-GEM was also designed, a mixture consisting of F3-GEM and H4-GEM at a ratio of 1:1. To evaluate the effect of the three vaccines, mice were immunized with F3-GEM, H4-GEM or F3 and H4-GEM. It was found that the level of IgG-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in the F3 and H4-GEM group was higher than the other two groups. Additionally, F3 and H4-GEM also increased the secretion of Th1-related and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, F3 and H4-GEM induce IgG and neutralizing antibodies’ response in dogs. Conclusions: In summary, F3 and H4-GEM can provoke better immune responses to CDV in mice and dogs. The bacterium-like particle vaccine F3 and H4-GEM might be a potential vaccine candidate for giant pandas against CDV infection.
Spike-Specific Memory B Cell Response in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients following Multiple mRNA-1273 Vaccinations: A Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Pettini Elena , Ciabattini Annalisa , Fiorino Fabio , Polvere Jacopo , Pastore Gabiria , Tozzi Monica , Montagnani Francesca , Marotta Giuseppe , Bucalossi Alessandro , Medaglini Donata
Published: March 2024

Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection is of utmost importance in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients (allo-HCT), given their heightened susceptibility to adverse outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, limited data are available regarding the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in these subjects, particularly concerning the generation and persistence of spike-specific memory response. Here, we analyzed the spike-specific memory B cells in a cohort of allo-HCT recipients vaccinated with multiple doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine and monitored the spike-specific antibody response from baseline up to one month after the fourth dose. After the primary vaccine series, the frequency of spike-specific B cells, detected within the pool of Ig-switched CD19+ cells, significantly increased. The booster dose further induced a significant expansion, reaching up to 0.28% of spike-specific B cells. The kinetics of this expansion were slower in the allo-HCT recipients compared to healthy controls. Spike-specific IgG and ACE2/RBD binding inhibition activity were observed in 80% of the allo-HCT recipients after the first two doses, with a significant increase after the third and fourth booster doses, including in the subjects who did not respond to the primary vaccine series. Additionally, 87% of the allo-HCT recipients exhibited positive cross-inhibition activity against the BA.1 variant. Our findings provide evidence that allo-HCT recipients need repeated doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine to induceSARS-CoV-2 specific immune response similar to that observed in healthy individuals. This is particularly crucial for vulnerable individuals who may exhibit a limited response to the primary series of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Impact of Recombinant VSV-HIV Prime, DNA-Boost Vaccine Candidates on Immunogenicity and Viremia on SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Berger Alice , Pedersen Jannie , Kowatsch Monika M. , Scholte Florine , Lafrance Marc-Alexandre , Azizi Hiva , Li Yue , Gomez Alejandro , Wade Matthew , Fausther-Bovendo Hugues , de La Vega Marc-Antoine , Jelinski Joseph , Babuadze George , Nepveu-Traversy Marie-Edith , Lamarre Claude , Racine Trina , Kang Chil-Yong , Gaillet Bruno , Garnier Alain , Gilbert Rénald , Kamen Amine , Yao Xiao-Jian , Fowke Keith R. , Arts Eric , Kobinger Gary
Published: March 2024

Currently, no effective vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is available, and various platforms are being examined. The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vehicle can induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, making it a suitable candidate for the development of an HIV vaccine. Here, we analyze the protective immunological impacts of recombinant VSV vaccine vectors that express chimeric HIV Envelope proteins (Env) in rhesus macaques. To improve the immunogenicity of these VSV-HIV Env vaccine candidates, we generated chimeric Envs containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which increases surface Env on the particle. Additionally, the Ebola virus glycoprotein was added to the VSV-HIV vaccine particles to divert tropism from CD4 T cells and enhance their replications both in vitro and in vivo. Animals were boosted with DNA constructs that encoded matching antigens. Vaccinated animals developed non-neutralizing antibody responses against both the HIV Env and the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) as well as systemic memory T-cell activation. However, these responses were not associated with observable protection against simian-HIV (SHIV) infection following repeated high-dose intra-rectal SHIV SF162p3 challenges.
Process Waters from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Waste Biomasses like Sewage Sludge: Challenges, Legal Aspects, and Opportunities in EU and Germany
Authors: Ender Tommy , Ekanthalu Vicky Shettigondahalli , Jalalipour Haniyeh , Sprafke Jan , Nelles Michael
Published: March 2024

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has developed considerably over the last 15 years and offers a viable alternative for the utilization of municipal and industrial organic waste such as sewage sludge. However, the technology has yet to establish itself as a valorization process for waste biomasses (2024) and is not yet a recognized state of the art. Nevertheless, the HTC technology could gain greater relevance in the future, especially as an alternative valorization pathway for sewage sludge. During HTC, significant amounts of HTC process water (PW) are produced as a byproduct. The process water is inorganically and organically polluted and has to be treated, as it would be a burden on water bodies and thus on the environment if left untreated. In the EU and specifically Germany, industrial wastewater producers like HTC-plant operators are obliged to treat their industrial wastewater before discharging it into the environment. In addition to a large amount of PW and its treatment to the required limits, the organic load and possible persistent and toxic substances pose major challenges for plant operators. Many proven processes from industrial wastewater treatment were transferred for the treatment of PW. Treatment of the PW in a manner that is industrially viable, economically viable, and efficient is crucial for the effective commercialization of HTC technology. In this, the challenges and opportunities of PW composition, management, and treatment, including legal aspects, are mainly discussed. Therefore, the legal framework in the European Union and specifically for Germany will be elaborated. Furthermore, different treatment pathways are also highlighted.
Adapting Water Resources Management to Climate Change in Water-Stressed River Basins—Júcar River Basin Case
Authors: Estrela-Segrelles Clara , Pérez-Martín Miguel Ángel , Wang Quan J.
Published: March 2024

Water scarcity will increase due to climate change, especially in basins that are currently highly stressed. The Mediterranean area is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world, with a predicted natural water resource reduction of 20% to 35% at the end of the century, due to temperature increases and a 10–20% precipitation reduction. Water scarcity indices, including gross abstraction, net abstraction, and consideration of environmental requirements, can be efficiently used to analyse the effects of climate change in water resource systems and determine the main measures to adapt these systems to climate change. Increasing the reclaimed water use, seawater desalination, irrigation efficiency, and interconnecting water resource systems are the main measures to adapt basins under water stress and reduce their vulnerability to climate change. In the Júcar River Basin District (JRBD), with a 20% reduction in natural water resources, the main measures are: increasing the reclaimed water use in agriculture from 20% to 50% (91 hm3/year to 230 hm3/year), increasing seawater desalination from 30 to 55 hm3/year, increasing irrigation efficiency from 54% to 80%, and finally, fully developing the current water interconnections between water resource systems. In highly stressed basins, moving water from downstream to upstream using energy supplied by photovoltaic systems can help adapt river basins to climate change.
The Mechanism of Dust Transportation Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Yang Jinduo , Li Xi’an , Wang Weiping , Chai Hao , An Mingxiao , Dai Qianyi
Published: March 2024

The process of dust transportation is widespread, leading to the formation of regions such as the Loess Plateau. In order to understand the mechanisms of dust particle transportation, this study conducted wind tunnel experiments to simulate natural wind-driven dust transport processes. Theoretical derivations were carried out to establish the relationship between particle size and transportation distance, which was then validated through numerical simulations. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) wind tunnel experiments, theoretical derivations, and numerical simulations yielded consistent results, indicating the effectiveness of the wind tunnel experiments; (2) Under the influence of wind forces, the ideal transportation distance of particles is inversely proportional to the square of their size; (3) turbulent wind fields have a minor impact on dust transport, while particle roundness has a significant effect on transport; (4) clay particles and dust particles in loess regions share the same source areas and transport pathways.
Pollution Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Waters and Bottom Sediments of the Krzna River (Poland)
Authors: Kluska Mariusz , Jabłońska Joanna
Published: March 2024

Due to their toxicity, lack of bioaccumulation and biodegradability, and ease of binding to sediments, heavy metals are considered the main pollutants of rivers. It is, therefore, necessary to control and monitor these pollutants. The present study analyzed the Krzna River, which flows in southeastern Poland and has an outlet to the Bug River. Over much of its length, the Bug River forms Poland’s border with Belarus, while its origin is in Ukraine. The main purpose of the conducted research was a qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected heavy metals, i.e., Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu, in bottom sediments and surface waters of the Krzna River. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the level of contamination of the studied matrices and identify the sources of pollution. Eighty samples of water and bottom sediments from the Krzna River were collected for the analysis. Due to the varying distribution of metals under the influence of changes in temperature, precipitation, and humidity, the samples were collected in May and August 2023. The average cadmium content in the sediments studied was the same in both May and August, at 0.6 mg/kg. In contrast, the nickel content of the sediments ranged from 4.6 to 6.1 mg/kg in May and from 4.8 to 6.8 in August. Only nickel and cadmium of the five heavy metals tested were present in amounts exceeding the geochemical background value. Analysis of the results indicates that only a minimal amount of heavy metals remain dissolved in the surface waters, and the remainder contaminates the sediments. The average concentrations of metals in the studied bottom sediments and surface waters were as follows: zinc > lead > nickel > copper > cadmium. The content of metals in the studied sediments was not high, but at the same time, their presence above the geochemical background indicates anthropogenic human activity. Any changes in hydrodynamic conditions and various environmental factors may result in the re-release of heavy metals contained in sediments into surface waters.
Frequency-Based Flood Risk Assessment and Mapping of a Densely Populated Kano City in Sub-Saharan Africa Using MOVE Framework
Authors: Aldrees Ali , Mohammed Abdulrasheed , Dan’azumi Salisu , Abba Sani Isah
Published: March 2024

Flooding is a major environmental problem facing urban cities, causing varying degrees of damage to properties and disruption to socio-economic activities. Nigeria is the most populous African country and Kano metropolis is the second largest urban center in Nigeria, and the most populated in Northern Nigeria. The aim of the paper was to conduct a flood risk assessment of Kano metropolis. The city is divided into two hydrological basins: the Challawa and Jakara basins. Flood frequency analyses for 2 to 100-year return periods were carried out for both the basins using a Log-Pearson Type III distribution and flood inundation and hazard mapping was carried out. The social vulnerability to flooding of both basins was assessed using the method for the improvement of vulnerability assessment in Europe (MOVE) framework. Flood risk was determined as a product of flood hazard and flood vulnerability. The results showed that areas of 50.91 and 40.56 km2 were vulnerable to a 100-year flood. The flood risk map for the two basins showed that 10.50 km2 and 14.23 km2 of land in Challawa and Jakara basins, respectively, was affected by the risk of a 100-year flood, out of which 11.48 km2 covers built-up areas. As the city is densely populated, with a population density of well over 20,000 persons per square kilometer in the highly built-up locations, this means that much more than 230,000 persons will be affected by the flood risk in the two basins.
Percepciones estudiantiles respecto a la comunicación para el desarrollo en una unidad académica universitaria peruana
Authors: Centurion Larrea Angel Johel
Published: April 2024

Este estudio analiza las percepciones estudiantiles sobre la comunicación para el desarrollo en una unidad académica universitaria en Perú. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, focalizándose en tres categorías: comunicación para el desarrollo económico y comunicación para el desarrollo social y humano. La información se recopiló mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad con cuatro estudiantes universitarios, complementadas con una revisión bibliográfica. Los hallazgos indican que los estudiantes reconocen la adopción formal del enfoque de comunicación para el desarrollo por parte de la institución, aunque no se evidencian actividades directamente relacionadas. Sin embargo, se identifican esfuerzos aislados de algunas asignaturas y actividades extracurriculares para promoverlo. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de fortalecer e integrar de manera más sistemática la comunicación para el desarrollo en todas las áreas académicas.
Pengaruh penggunaan media sosial youtube terhadap motivasi belajar matematika dan self-efficacy siswa menggunakan kurikulum merdeka belajar pada siswa kelas X di SMK Negeri Kota Medan
Authors: Saragih Jenri Hamonangan , Panjaitan Dedy Juliandri
Published: March 2024

A curriculum is a plan that guides teaching and learning process activities. The Merdeka Curriculum is a curriculum with diverse extracurricular learning where the content will be more optimal so that students have enough time to deepen concepts and strengthen competencies. This research aims to measure whether there is an influence of YouTube learning media on students' mathematics learning motivation and self-efficacy. This research was conducted using a mixed method by providing questionnaires and instrument questions to research subjects using multiple regression analysis tests. The research results show that there is an influence of using YouTube learning media on student learning motivation by 57.9% and the influence of using YouTube learning media on student self-efficacy is 46.6%. There is an influence of using YouTube learning media on student learning motivation and self-efficacy. is 63.2%.
Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik ditinjau dari self-confidence
Authors: Nugraha Khansa Zalikha , Widiati Indah
Published: March 2024

Students' critical thinking abilities which are still low need to be developed and one of the abilities that must be instilled in students is self-confidence. This research aims to describe students' mathematical critical thinking abilities in terms of self-confidence. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research with a case study method. The research subjects were 9th-grade students at one of the junior high schools in Siak Hulu and numbered 33 people. The data collection technique in this research is a test technique using mathematical critical thinking ability test instruments and non-test techniques in the form of student self-confidence questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique is carried out through several stages, including reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, it was found that; (1) overall students' mathematical critical thinking abilities are classified as less critical and need to be improved; (2) self-confidence is in line with mathematical critical thinking skills where students with high self-confidence have sufficient critical thinking skills which are indicated by students being able to master two indicators of critical thinking. Students with moderate self-confidence have sufficient critical thinking skills, which is indicated by students being able to master two critical thinking indicators. In contrast, students with low self-confidence have sufficient critical thinking skills, which is indicated by students being able to master two critical thinking indicators.
Optimizing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities through geoboard-assisted didactic design on triangular number pattern material
Authors: Isnawan Muhamad Galang , Sudirman Sudirman , Sukarma I Ketut , Wahyuni Fitry , Alsulami Naif Mastoor
Published: March 2024

The research aimed to optimize students’ mathematical solving abilities through the implementation of a didactic design developed based on lesson study activities on triangular number patterns. The research design used was didactical design research. Participants in the study were 10 students (12–15 years old) at a junior high school in Mataram, Indonesia. The researcher was the main instrument, with several additional instruments, one of which was the didactic hypothesis design. The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis. The research results revealed an increase in students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities during the implementation of didactic design on triangular number pattern material. However, the increase that occurred was less than optimal. This increase resulted from the didactic design encouraging students to use Quizizz, geoboards, and inspirational videos to solve problems. However, when watching inspirational videos and Quizizz, there were problems, such as an unstable internet connection, so activities that should have been done in groups were done collectively for one class.
PENGARUH PIJAT ENDORPHIN TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI KALA I PERSALINAN
Authors: Wulandari Hesty Fitria , Mulyati Sri
Published: March 2024

Proses persalinan identic dengan rasa nyeri yang akan dijalani. Rasa nyeri persalinan disebabkan proses kontraksi dari rahim dalam usaha untuk melahirkan. Mengatasi rasa nyeri persalinan yaitu dengan cara terapi farmakologis dan non-farmakologis. Salah satu cara penatalaksanaan non-farmakologis untuk mengurangi nyeri persalinan dengan pijat endorphin. EBCR ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pijat endorphin terhadap intensitas nyeri kala I persalinan. Metode yang digunakan adalah literarture review dengan desain penelitian eksperimen desain. Sumber pencarian menggunakan 2 database yaitu: Google Scholar dan Portal Garuda dengan tahun terbit 2016-2021. Pemberian pijat endorphin selama 5-15 menit dan terbukti ibu merasa lebih rileks dan rasa nyeri berkurang karena ketika diberikan terapi pijat endorphin secara fisiologis tubuh ibu akan merangsang pengeluaran analgesic endogen (endorphin), sehingga dapat menghambat transmisi nyeri dengan cara meningkatkan sirkulasi neurotransmitter dan menurunkan system saraf simpatis sehingga terjadi penurunan ketegangan otot, penurunan kecemasan serta nyeri akan berkurang. Kesimpulan pijat endorphin merupakan cara yang efektif untuk mengurangi nyeri kala I persalinan
AROMATERAPI LAVENDER UNTUK MENGURANGI NYERI PERSALINAN : EVIDENCE BASED CASE REPORT
Authors: Dwiutami Anindita , Indrayani Diyan
Published: March 2024

THE PAIN OF UTERINE CONTRACTIONS THAT CAN RESULT IN AN INCREASE IN THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE, PULSE, BREATHING WITH SKIN COLOR AND IF NOT IMMEDIATELY OVERCOME WILL INCREASE WORRY, TENSION, FEAR AND STRESS. LABOR PAIN CAN BE TREATED USING COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY WITH AROMATHERAPY TECHNIQUES. LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY CAN AFFECT THE LIMBIC SYSTEM IN THE BRAIN THAT IS THE CENTRAL EMOTION, AND IS ABLE TO PRODUCE ENDORPHINS AND ENKEFALINE WHICH HAVE PAIN RELIEF PROPERTIES AND SEROTONIN THAT HAVE THE EFFECT OF RELIEVING ANXIETY AND TENSION. BECAUSE LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY HAS ANTICONVULSANT PROPERTIES, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, ANXIOLYTIC, AND AND CALMING AT THE TIME OF DELIVERY. EVIDENCE BASED CASE REPORT (EBCR) AIMS TO FIND OUT THE EFFECT OF LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY ON LABOR PAIN WHEN I ACTIVE PHASE IN THE VK ROOM OF HASAN SADIKIN HOSPITAL BANDUNG IS CARRIED OUT IN PUBMED, COCHRANE AND GARUDA PORTAL. OBTAINED 2 QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES BY WITAMA JULIANI, ET AL AND HILDA YANI, ET AL. WHICH IS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CRITERIA OF INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION AND HAS BEEN FILTERED BEFORE, THEN EXAMINED CRITICALLY. AFTER CRITICAL REVIEW OF BOTH ARTICLES IT IS STATED TO BE IMPORTANT AND CAN BE APPLIED TO THE PATIENT. THE ADMINISTRATION OF LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY TO LABOR PAIN WHEN I ACTIVE PHASE IN PRIMIPARA MOTHERS PERFORMED SHOWED EFFECTIVE MEASUREMENT OF PAIN INTENSITY USING NUMERIC RATTING SCALE (NRS) BEFORE BEING GIVEN LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY OBTAINED VALUE 5 (MODERATE PAIN) AND PAIN INTENSITY IN MATERNITY MOTHERS AFTER BEING GIVEN LAVENDER AROMATHERAPY OBTAINED VALUE 3 (MILD PAIN).