bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Aspects of Diabetes Technologies: Commentary on the Current Status of the Evidence and Suggestions for Future Directions
Authors: Barnard-Kelly Katharine , Gonder-Frederick Linda , Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Wisk Lauren E.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and automated insulin delivery systems offer the possibility of improving glycemic outcomes, including reduced hemoglobin A1c, increased time in range, and reduced hypoglycemia. Given the rapid expansion in the use of diabetes technology over the past few years, and touted promise of these devices for improving both clinical and psychosocial outcomes, it is critically important to understand issues in technology adoption, equity in access, maintaining long-term usage, opportunities for expanded device benefit, and limitations of the existing evidence base. We provide a brief overview of the status of the literature—with a focus on psychosocial outcomes—and provide recommendations for future work and considerations in clinical applications. Despite the wealth of the existing literature exploring psychosocial outcomes, there is substantial room to expand our current knowledge base to more comprehensively address reasons for differential effects, with increased attention to issues of health equity and data harmonization around patient-reported outcomes.
Crossed Wernicke’s Aphasia With Focal Clonic Cluster Seizures With Secondary Generalization Mimicking Faciobrachial Seizures Following a Right Middle-Cerebral-Artery Ischemic Stroke: A Novel Phenotypic Presentation
Authors: Ghosh Ritwik , León-Ruiz Moisés , Benito-León Julián , Dubey Souvik
Published: October 2024

Crossed Wernicke’s aphasia (CWA) following a stroke is a rare clinical phenomenon, particularly when associated with seizures. This case report presents a unique instance of crossed CWA accompanied by focal clonic cluster seizures affecting the left arm and face, with secondary generalization, in a monolingual Bengali-speaking patient following a right middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke. The patient, a 70-year-old male from rural India, presented with acute behavioral abnormalities and language impairment. He experienced left-sided focal motor-onset clonic seizures with impaired awareness, followed by fluent yet unintelligible speech, characterized by phonemic and semantic paraphasias, as well as neologistic jargon. Neuroimaging revealed a right parieto-occipital infarct. Although initially misdiagnosed and treated for acute psychosis, thorough clinical evaluation ultimately led to the diagnosis of CWA—a rare form of aphasia in a right-handed individual after a right hemisphere stroke. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges associated with stroke-related language disorders and highlights the importance of recognizing variations in language lateralization. Furthermore, the occurrence of CWA in a Bengali-speaking individual emphasizes the potential impact of linguistic and cultural factors on brain organization and language processing. This case also adds to the limited body of literature regarding the co-occurrence of post-stroke seizures and aphasia, particularly in atypical presentations such as CWA.
Cribriform Plate Foramina Count in Patients With Acquired and Congenital Anosmia
Authors: Juratli Jerry Hadi , High Brigit , Joshi Akshita , Yilmaz Eren , Yildirim Duzgun , Altundag Aytug , Hummel Thomas
Published: October 2024

Background

Cribriform foramina provide the openings for olfactory nerve fibers to cross from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb. Disruption of the olfactory nerve fibers is known to affect olfactory function, but little is known about the potential effects on the number of cribriform foramina in congenital anosmia.

Objective

This pilot study aimed to investigate whether there was a reduction in foramina in patients with acquired and congenital anosmia (including both Kallmann syndrome and isolated congenital anosmia) compared to controls with normal olfactory function.

Methods

Paranasal CT image stacks were analyzed from 20 patients with congenital anosmia ( n = 6), acquired anosmia ( n = 6), or normal olfactory function ( n = 8). Cribriform foramina were counted by three observers from the slice revealing the crista galli and the ethmoidal slits. The two closest values for each subject were analyzed in comparison across the three groups using one-way analysis of variance.

Results

Patients with congenital, but not acquired, anosmia had significantly fewer cribriform foramina (x̄ ± SE = 10.17 ± 1.23) compared to healthy, normosmic controls (x̄ ± SE = 19.88 ± 2.01). There was no significant difference in foramina count between congenital and acquired anosmics (x̄ ± SE = 15.83 ± 3.47).

Conclusion

In this pilot study, a reduced number of cribriform foramina was found in individuals with congenital anosmia. Examination of cribriform foramina could be helpful in counseling patients with olfactory loss. Further investigation in larger studies with additional cohorts is warranted.
The Strengths of People in Low-SES Positions: An Identity-Reframing Intervention Improves Low-SES Students’ Achievement Over One Semester
Authors: Bauer Christina A. , Walton Gregory , Job Veronika , Stephens Nicole
Published: October 2024

Students from low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds such as first-generation or low-income students are often portrayed as deficient, lacking in skills and potential to succeed at university. We hypothesized that such representations lead low-SES students to see their SES-identity as a barrier to success and impair achievement. If so, reframing low-SES students’ identity as a source of strength may help them succeed. Testing this hypothesis in a highly scalable form, we developed an online low-SES-identity-reframing exercise. In Experiment 1 ( N = 214), this exercise helped low-SES students to see their SES-identity more as a source of success and boosted their performance on an academic task by 13%. In Experiment 2, a large randomized-controlled intervention field experiment ( N = 786), we implemented the identity-reframing intervention in a university’s online learning program. This improved low-SES students’ grades over the semester. Recognizing the strengths low-SES students bring to university can help students access these strengths and apply them to schooling.
The top 10 papers on the treatment of invasive fungal infections, 2018–2023
Authors: Stover Kayla R. , Aldridge Harleigh M. , Pollan Katherine L. , Slain Douglas , Bland Christopher M. , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Barber Katie E.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Invasive fungal infections are responsible for a large number of infections in hospitalized patients annually and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Familiarity with novel agents or strategies in this area can be challenging.

Objectives:

To identify the top 10 manuscripts on the treatment of invasive fungal infections from 2018 to 2023.

Design:

Modified Delphi consensus-building technique.

Methods:

A three-stage consensus-building approach was used comprised of (1) identifying relevant articles; (2) voting by a panel of experts to establish consensus on the importance of these articles; and (3) finalizing the list of top articles by a small group. Members of the Southeastern Research Group Endeavor network served as content experts. Publications from 2018 to 2023 were evaluated if articles met the following inclusion criteria: (1) published between 2018 and 2023, (2) contained content related to fungal infections, and (3) included an actionable intervention.

Results:

A total of 6518 potential publications were assessed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 82 articles were reviewed. The top 10 publications related to invasive fungal infections, selected by a panel of experts, are summarized in this manuscript and include publications related to the treatment of invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis.

Conclusion:

This article highlights the selected publications and may serve as a key resource for teaching and training. Clinicians may also employ these reported interventions to identify new opportunities to optimize antifungal therapeutic strategies within one’s institution.
Factors contributing to the non-identification of bacterial meningitis in febrile infants: A case series study
Authors: Chakkiyar Krishnan , Sabeel Abdulla PR , Fiji MD , Vinod Kumar MS , Jayakrishnan MP
Published: October 2024

Non-identification of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in febrile infants is a common occurrence in clinical practice, culminating in catastrophic presentations. Six infants who initially presented to the clinician with fever without a focus, and were lately diagnosed with bacterial meningitis were analyzed for clinician-related factors contributing to the non-identification of meningitis. In a febrile neonate and a febrile young infant, lack of comprehensive evaluation was contributing to the non-identification of SBI; in four infants above the age of 3 months, meningitis was missed in spite of clinicians practicing treatment guidelines. Inadequate symptom characterization in two febrile infants and inappropriate interpretation of hemogram in three febrile infants also contributed to the non-identification of meningitis. Except for one, all infants developed complications. We conclude that the characterization of clinical features of SBI-like meningitis, interpretation of lab data, and adherence to the treatment guidelines are crucial in the management of an infant presenting as fever without a focus.
Adjusting expectations actionable: Personalised treatment plan in anticipation of data-driven healthcare
Authors: Helén Ilpo , Tarkkala Heta
Published: October 2024

Our paper is a case study of the making of data-driven healthcare and anticipation work done by developer-experts in a project for implementation of an integrated patient data management platform in Finland. We focus on ‘personalised treatment plan’, a trope that experts regularly use when talking about the objectives of data management reform and their wishes for datafication of healthcare. We conceive of the personalised plan not primarily as a future vision or an outcome, but rather a tool of anticipation of work. Our analysis demonstrates two purposes for which the developer-experts used this tool. First, the plan enabled them to reconfigure the general expectations of datafication actionable and adoptable in the actual world of healthcare and to articulate datafication technology-to-come as concrete hopes and wishes, plans and assessments in the contexts of clinical practices and administration. Second, experts used the idea of a personalised plan for reasoning over and management of their own work. Among the fuzziness and commotion of the complex project, the plan helped them to create and maintain a workable order between the expectations, tasks and functions that the datafication technology should accomplish in healthcare in the future. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of anticipation to take the specific political and economic contexts into account, which made the developers unprepared for the political interruption of the project.
Examining the Emergency Department Care Experiences of Equity-Deserving Groups Using an Intersectional Lens
Authors: Karanikas Aliki , Jayawardena Reyana , Balamurugan Maya , Bartels Susan A. , Walker Melanie
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Equity-deserving groups (EDGs) face societal barriers, including healthcare barriers within the emergency department (ED), due to discrimination. Most patient-care experience research considers only a single-axis perspective, neglecting multifaceted impacts of discrimination, or intersectionality.

Methods:

Detailed is a secondary analysis of a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study conducted at the Kingston Health Sciences Centre (KHSC) between June and August 2021. A quantitative analysis was conducted to identify differences between participants who did not identify as equity-deserving (controls), and those who identified with 1, 2, or 3 EDGs, respectively. The research team conducted thematic analysis on the shared micronarratives to contextualize the quantitative results. The research team also held focus groups with community partners that served EDGs to gain their insights on study findings and add their perspectives to the captured themes.

Results:

Comparing 1973 individuals belonging to none, 1, 2, or 3 EDGs revealed significant differences in patient-perceived attention to their needs ( P < .001), patient-control in health care decision-making ( P = .001), and whether quality medical care or experiencing kindness/respect was more important ( P = .003). Three themes were identified: stigma and discrimination, lack of patient-centered care, and need for improved patient-provider communication.

Conclusion:

The study’s findings contribute to a sparse body of evidence on EDG-care experiences in the ED through an intersectionality lens. Future research efforts should evaluate the complex interactions of specific EDG memberships to improve care experiences.
Impact of Family Structure on Adolescent Depression Outcomes in a Collaborative Care Program
Authors: Lynch Brian A. , Lewis Charles P. , Vande Voort Jennifer L. , Nandakumar Aiswarya L. , Brennan RoxAnne M. , Cole Kristin C. , Rackley Sandra J. , Wi Chung-II , Croarkin Paul E. , Romanowicz Magdalena
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objectives:

We aimed to investigate the effect of family structure on depression program outcomes for adolescents enrolled in a depression-focused, primary care-based collaborative care program.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of primary care patients ages 12 to 18 years seen at a Midwestern academic center with data obtained by medical record review. We used logistic regression models to assess the effect of family structure on program graduation and achievement of a single Patient Health Questionnaire 9–Modified for Adolescents (PHQ-9M) score <5 at any time while enrolled.

Results:

Adolescents were divided into 2 groups, Both Parents in Household (n = 179) and Parents Not Together (n = 161). The Both Parents in Household group had higher rates of graduation (38.0% vs 23.6%, P = .005) and achieving single PHQ-9M scores <5 (64.1% vs 46.2%, P = .002) than the Parents Not Together group.

Discussion:

Youth residing with both parents had higher rates of successful outcomes in a depression-focused collaborative care program.
Identifying the Housing Bubble Predictors in Asian Emerging Economy: Exploring a Novel Model Based on Opinions
Authors: Chee Yin Yip , Senadjki Abdelhak , Hui Nee Au Yong , Ogbeibu Samuel
Published: October 2024

This study seeks to identify core housing bubble predictors and empirically investigate a novel model for detecting housing bubbles in Malaysia. We engender new insights based on the extraction of real-time opinions of market players about housing bubble formation and collapse. We employ a practical approach using a comprehensive survey of opinions from relevant walks of life via the survey data analysis software, SmartPLS3. Results indicate that housing demand, economic growth outlook, and buyers’ expectations positively impact the housing bubble. This study’s present housing market condition, foreign investment, and government policies are otherwise insignificant. We found that the present housing condition, government policies, and economic growth outlook do not influence the impact of housing demand, buyers’ expectations, and foreign investment on the housing bubble. We employed a cross-sectional research design in this study to obtain our findings. This might have indirectly suppressed more robust findings, which may have been otherwise obtained in the case of a longitudinal study. We advocate that policymakers should not overlook the significant roles of housing demand, economic growth outlook, and buyers’ expectations of the housing bubble. We show that the present housing market condition has no significant moderating effect on the impact of buyers’ expectations, foreign investment, and housing demand on housing bubbles.
Evaluating the Promise and Pitfalls of India’s National Education Policy 2020: Insights from the Perspectives of Students, Teachers, and Experts
Authors: Kulal Abhinandan , N. Abhishek , Dinesh Sahana , Bhat Deepa C. , Girish Amrutha
Published: October 2024

The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) is a comprehensive and ambitious plan to transform India’s education system. However, its implementation has sparked debates among stakeholders, including students, teachers, and experts. This paper evaluates the promise and pitfalls of NEP 2020 based on the perspectives of these stakeholders. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach to compare and elucidate the views of students, teachers, and experts from diverse backgrounds. The subject experts have a more positive outlook on the promises of the policy, lauding its expansive and comprehensive vision. While the multiple entry-exit options and the new credit systems are viewed to be more beneficial by the students, teachers believe that they require further capacity building and training to deliver the range of subjects and skills envisioned in the policy. All the respondents are confident that NEP 2020 will harbinger reforms to enhance the quality of education in India. We conclude with recommendations for policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders to ensure the successful implementation of NEP 2020 and the achievement of its goals.
Volunteer Management in Nonprofit Organizations: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Xu Jiayi , Jamil Rossilah , Mai Xiaojun , Deng Lvxiang , Zhang Jiayue , Yang Ying
Published: October 2024

The nonprofit organizations rely on volunteers as key human resources. Recent literature emphasizes effective volunteer management to enhance the utilization of volunteers. At present, empirical knowledge on the subject exists in fragments causing difficulties in analyzing its growth. There is a need to evaluate its vast literature using a statistically rigorous method. The study aims to identify the internal structures and hidden inferences on volunteer management in nonprofit organizations using bibliometric data. The study collected 1,605 related journal articles indexed by Scopus from 1956 to 2022. The VOSviewer software was utilized to analyze the data. The results revealed diachronic growth in the area and identified its leading contributors. International collaboration and high-frequency keywords are also illustrated. The results are discussed in terms of article representations, area maturity, impacts of external environment, and emerging opportunities. The study provides insights into the state of knowledge surrounding volunteer management in nonprofit organizations.
The “Opportunity Cost”: Care Work Compensation from a Gender Perspective in China
Authors: Duan Zhizhuang , Zheng Rui
Published: October 2024

Asserting the value of care work within a family is not only a significant issue that affects the quality of marital life, but it also lays the groundwork for supporting the sustainable development of society and, ultimately, the country. Constantly, the theory of surplus value is employed to help understand the value of care work. However, it still lacks a macro-construction from a gender perspective. This article analyzes 15 judicial cases after introducing the Civil Code and compares the condition of application, the amount, and the factor considered in recognition of care work compensation under Chinese law. It concludes that in practice, the amount of compensation for care work remains relatively modest, with the division of the community property division heavily influencing it. At the macro level, the recognition of the economic value of the care work compensation must be emphasized from a gender construction. In contrast, at the micro level, a balance must be struck between the possibility of the other spouse benefiting from “the opportunity cost.”
Media Coverage of Sports Concussion: An Experimental Study of Framing Effects on Community Injury Perceptions
Authors: Sullivan Karen A.
Published: October 2024

The media portrayal of sports concussion (SC) contributes to community understanding of injury. However, this could be hampered by inaccurately framed (minimising) SC coverage. 157 volunteers were randomly allocated to one of six online survey conditions. The conditions used a brief written news sports report with a non-serious (MI) or serious (MA) SC frame. Additional conditions varied the injured player’s sex (male or female) or the sport (unnamed or basketball). Standardised measures were administered, including the Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised, and a custom-measure of perceptions of SC seriousness (SISI). A series of one-way ANOVA’s revealed one statistically significant framing effect for the SISI ( p < .05, large effect). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons found higher SISI scores for MA compared to MI conditions. There was no difference in the player sex or sport variants. No differences were found on other outcome measures. This study replicated a MA versus MI framing effect on the SISI, however wider effects were not seen. The framing effect on community perceptions of SC may be more circumscribed than previously suggested. While this requires further investigation, minimising frames should still be avoided as per existing recommendations.
The First of Us? Papiliotrema laurentii Meningitis Complicated by Hydrocephalus in an Otherwise Immunocompetent Host: A Case Report
Authors: Bennett Samuel , Lopez Julio Hidalgo , Glover Patrick , Steinberg Rebecca , Saldana Carlos , Terwilliger Toby
Published: October 2024

Cryptococcal species are the most common fungal pathogens to cause meningitis worldwide. The majority of cases are caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and occur in immunocompromised hosts, while Cryptococcus gattii causes most fungal meningitis in immunocompetent hosts. To date, non- neoformans, non- gattii species of Cryptococcus remain rare causes of human disease, and their clinical courses and preferred treatment regimens remain poorly characterized. We present the case of an otherwise immunocompetent woman with subacute meningoencephalitis diagnosed with Papiliotrema laurentii (formerly Cryptococcus laurentii) meningitis, who, despite successful fungal eradication, developed hydrocephalus. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of P. laurentii meningitis in an immunocompetent host leading to hydrocephalus, illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that remain for atypical fungal meningitis.
Proximal Hamstring Avulsions: Surgical Versus Conservative Treatment Using a Shared Decision-Making Strategy
Authors: Spoorendonk Kasper , Bohn Marie Bagger , Storm Jens Ole , Lund Bent , Kierkegaard-Brøchner Signe
Published: October 2024

Background:

Surgical treatment of patients with proximal hamstring avulsions provides good results; however, less is known about the outcome in patients who are offered conservative treatment.

Purpose:

To investigate the effect of surgical or conservative treatment (decided by a shared decision strategy) of proximal hamstring avulsions.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 24 patients with magnetic resonance imaging–verified proximal hamstring avulsion were included and had either surgical treatment (11 patients, 45% women; mean age, 50 ± 16 years) or conservative treatment (13 patients, 46% women; mean age, 50 ± 17 years). At baseline, 6 months and 12 months, all patients answered the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT) (0-100 scale) and Hip Sports Activity Scale (0-8 scale). Patients had their maximal hip extension strength and maximal strength at 30° and 90° of knee flexion measured in newton meters per kilogram using a handheld dynamometer. A minimal important change in PHAT was considered >7 points and a minimal important change in strength was considered >0.15 N·m/kg, respectively.

Results:

The surgical group had a shorter time from injury to initiation of treatment compared with the conservative group (median: 15 vs 64 days; P = .02). The surgical group had a greater amount of retraction of the tendons compared with the conservative group (3 vs 2 cm; P = .04). From baseline to 12-month follow-up, the surgical and conservative groups improved their mean PHAT scores (35 points [95 CI, 24-45 points] and 20 points [95% CI, 9-31 points], respectively) reaching a median of 79 points (interquartile range [IQR], 66-95 points) in the surgical group and 75 points (IQR, 66-85 points) in the conservative group at the 12-month follow-up. Their Hip Sports Activity Scale levels at 12 months were 3 points (95% CI, 1-4 points) and 1 point (95% CI, 0-3 points) (not significant). Furthermore, the surgical and conservative groups improved their maximal hip extension strength by 0.61 N·m/kg (IQR, 0.42-0.80 N·m/kg) and 0.62 N·m/kg (IQR, 0.13-1.10 N·m/kg), respectively. Their maximal knee flexion strength at 30° improved by 0.52 N·m/kg (IQR, 0.29-0.74 N·m/kg) and 0.32 N·m/kg (IQR, 0.12-0.52 N·m/kg) and their maximal knee flexion strength at 90° improved by 0.28 N·m/kg (IQR, 0.19-0.37 N·m/kg) and 0.22 N·m/kg (IQR, 0.02-0.41 N·m/kg). At the 12-month follow-up, the side-to-side difference in maximal muscle strength was 6% and 7%, respectively, during hip extension and 19% to 25% and 16% to 17%, respectively, during knee flexion.

Conclusion:

Twelve months after treatment of proximal hamstring avulsion, good clinical outcomes were seen when using a shared decision strategy regardless of whether the strategy led to surgical or conservative treatment.
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in High-Level Athletes: A 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Karlsson Louise , Collberg Olle , Erlandsson David , Nikou Sarantos , Baranto Adad , Öhlin Axel , Lindman Ida
Published: October 2024

Background:

Arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) has previously been reported to have favorable short-term results in high-level athletes. Less is known about long-term outcomes.

Purpose:

To report outcomes 10 years after hip arthroscopy for FAIS in high-level athletes using validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between November 2011 and January 2013 were included in a local hip arthroscopy registry and completed preoperative PROMs. At 10-year follow-up, the same PROMs were completed. Inclusion criteria were age <40 years at time of surgery, no prior hip surgeries, and a pre-symptomatic Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) level of 7 or 8. The exclusion criterion was total hip arthroplasty at follow-up. The PROMs included the international Hip Outcome Tool-12 items (iHOT-12), the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS), visual analog scale (VAS) for overall hip function, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) and European Quality of Life-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), HSAS, and a single question on patient satisfaction. The rates of patients achieving minimal important change and reporting Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) were reported for HAGOS and iHOT-12. For iHOT-12, preoperative results were compared with 1, 5, and 10-year follow-ups.

Results:

A total of 45 patients (34 men, 11 women; 70 hips; mean age 24.4 years at time of surgery) were included, with 77 patients eligible for inclusion. Significant improvements ( P < .001) were seen at 10-year follow-up in all HAGOS subscales: Symptoms, Pain, Daily Activity, Sports, Physical Activity, Quality of Life (50.3 vs 78.6, 59.2 vs 86.8, 65.9 vs 88.8, 37.1 vs 81.1, 24.4 vs 81.1, 32.1 vs 79.3), iHOT-12 (40.1 vs 81.6), EQ-5D (0.59 vs 0.89), EQ-VAS (65.6 vs 80.4), and VAS for overall hip function (48 vs 79). For iHOT-12, the largest change was seen between preoperative and 1-year follow-up values, with consistent results over time. There was no statistically significant difference between HSAS levels preoperatively and at 10-year follow-up (HSAS level 4), with 24% of patients reporting a HSAS level 7 or 8 at the follow-up. Of the patients, 93% reported satisfaction with the surgery. PASS was achieved in 82% for iHOT-12, with a range of 76% to 91% for HAGOS subscales. Furthermore, 93% exceeded the minimal important change for iHOT-12, and a range of 67% to 84% for HAGOS.

Conclusion:

In a high-level athletic population, significant improvements in long-term outcomes are reported after hip arthroscopy for FAIS, with patients reporting a high satisfaction rate. The results also show that the largest improvement occurs within the first postoperative year, with results being maintained for 10 years.
Tailoring Teacher Supports: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Responses to Coaching and Self-Reflection
Authors: Cohen Julie , Anglin Kylie , Wiseman Emily
Published: October 2024

To ensure that new teachers enter classrooms poised for success, we need more evidence regarding supports that can expedite skill development during teacher education. In this study, we capitalize on mixed-reality simulations as a setting for evaluating such supports. Using a randomized control trial, we examine the extent to which coaching improves text-focused instruction compared to the more typical practice of self-reflection. Then, employing a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, we qualitatively and quantitatively explore the extent to which candidates’ individual characteristics might influence the effectiveness of those supports. We find that, on average, coaching is the more effective support for skill development, but we also surface potential drivers of heterogeneous effects of both coaching and self-reflection, including self-efficacy, extraversion, and prior skills. We conclude with implications for teacher education programs and researchers.
Navigating Turbulent Waves of Emotions: Multi-Level Stress and Coping Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV
Authors: Wang Liying , Simoni Jane M. , Hua Wenzhe , Chen Lingxiao , Zheng Huang , Ning Zhen , Yuwen Weichao
Published: October 2024

Men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV in China and are particularly vulnerable to mental health challenges. This study is phase one of a multi-phase project that aimed to identify unmet needs of MSM living with HIV to inform the development of a multi-level intervention. We interviewed 24 stakeholders through videoconferencing, including 15 MSM living with HIV, five staff from a community-based organization serving gender and sexual minority individuals, and four staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Shanghai, China. We conducted content analysis using inductive and deductive coding and identified the following themes: 1) Navigating Turbulent Waters: multi-level stress currents; 2) Mapping Anchors: multifaceted support network; 3) Staying Afloat: Daily strategies and functioning; and 4) Charting New Courses: paths for intervention. Examining the stress and coping process among MSM living with HIV from a socio-ecological lens is especially important in the collective cultural context. The interactive nature of the stress from multiple socio-ecological levels, lack of individual coping skills, and scarcity of psychosocial services highlighted the importance of community-based, multi-level interventions to meet the needs of MSM living with HIV in China.
Too Legit to Quit: Developing Cognitive Legitimacy by Reconceptualizing Failed Product Pitches
Authors: Burks Josie A. , Armstrong Craig E. , Simpson Gina
Published: October 2024

Establishing legitimacy is a key goal for new ventures. Entrepreneurs can establish legitimacy for their new ventures by attracting financial backing from investors and using those funds to build value into ventures. The professional communication-focused behavior of delivering an entrepreneurial pitch to potential resource providers represents one of the most important behaviors entrepreneurs engage in while developing a sustainable venture. Effective professional communication skills are essential not only to the development of entrepreneurs but also to those management and finance students destined to enter professional environments requiring interaction with entrepreneurs and start-up ventures. We present an assignment introducing management students to the concept of entrepreneurial pitch as a tool necessary for identifying and implementing legitimacy, framing, and entrepreneurial motivations. The pitching-failed-product-ideas assignment allows students to begin building skills necessary to communicate legitimacy of an organization to an audience of stakeholders and utilize entrepreneurial motivations of enthusiasm, preparedness, and commitment.
Increased Deltoid and Acromial Stress with Glenoid Lateralization and Onlay Humeral Stem Constructs in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Patterson Brendan M , Johnson Joshua E , Bozoghlian Maria , Anderson Donald D
Published: October 2024

Background

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) designs include multiple options for glenoid component lateralization, and humeral component lateralization and distalization (inlay/onlay constructs). The influence of combined glenoid lateralization, and humeral distalization on acromial and deltoid stresses is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in deltoid and acromial stresses with variations in glenoid lateralization, and with inlay versus onlay humeral components in RSA.

Methods

Finite element analysis was performed using a RSA system with both inlay and onlay configurations. Variations in total glenoid lateralization from 3 to 9 mm were evaluated. Deltoid and acromial stresses were determined following virtual implantation and with 50° of external rotation.

Results

Increased glenoid lateralization resulted in greater stress of the deltoid and acromion. There was a modest increase in deltoid stress with glenoid lateralization alone (7% and 7.5% with progressive lateralization from 3 to 6 mm and 6 to 9 mm, respectively), but deltoid stress increased substantially with use of an onlay construct (60% at 9 mm of glenoid lateralization). Acromial stress correspondingly increased 37% with glenoid lateralization, and up to 117% with an onlay humeral construct.

Discussion

Increased lateralization of the glenoid component resulted in increased levels of deltoid and acromial stress. For a given amount of glenoid lateralization, utilization of an inlay stem decreased acromial and deltoid stresses compared to onlay constructs. These data allow surgeons to better understand the interactions of glenoid and humeral lateralization and distalization in the setting of contemporary RSA systems. Level of Evidence: Basic Science Study: Computer Modeling.
Degrees of exclusion: The politics of heat adaptation in Palestine–Israel, 1950–1980
Authors: Klein Tuvaal
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the development of Israeli heat adaptation research from 1950 to 1980 and its role in advancing Israeli nation-building and settler-colonial policies. Focusing on the scientific career of the Zionist military doctor Ezra Sohar, renowned for reforming the Israeli Defence Forces' “water discipline,” the article traces the emergence of Israeli thermal physiological research. It reveals the shift from the view that certain races were better adapted to specific climates to a “universalized” notion of acclimatization as a physiological process possible to anyone. The universal notion of acclimatization created new forms of exclusion, as the indigenous Arab-Palestinian population, particularly Bedouins, lost their perceived racial advantage in heat adaptation; Jewish-Israeli thermal physiologists argued that Jews were better adapted to heat due to cultural factors. Finally, the article follows Sohar's advocacy for air conditioning, which he promoted as the “ideal solution” for establishing a Western, “developed” Israeli society. Thus, the article demonstrates how the rise of air conditioning during this period further reinforced the exclusion and marginalization of Bedouin communities. It illustrates how planetary dynamics of climate injustice and colonialist policies manifest locally and highlights heat exposure as a form of colonial violence. Sohar's story provides insight into a scientific community driven by the ambition to conquer heat, reflecting a political logic that, to this day, leaves neither past heat adaptation practices nor air conditioning as possible solutions for Bedouin communities coping with a rapidly warming planet.
Understanding the Etiopathogenesis of Cardiomyopathies: New Insights
Authors: Bharti Shikha , Kumar Dharminder , Sudershan Amrit , Mahajan Kanak , Sudershan Srishty , Mir Ashiq Hussain , Banu Najitha , Kumar Parvinder
Published: October 2024

Background

Cardiomyopathy, a rare heart disease, is characterized by abnormalities in cardiac wall thickness and chamber size, leading to impaired contraction, relaxation, conduction, rhythm, and reduced pumping ability.

Aim

This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of cardiomyopathy by examining its various aspects

Method

A literature survey was conducted using online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, covering publications from January 1995 to July 2023.

Result

Genetic mutations in key muscle contraction genes (MYH7, MYL2, MYL3, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TPM1, TNNI3, ACTC) contribute to cardiomyopathy. Additionally, epigenetic markers in genes like FKBP5, TBX5, HAND1, POLA2, PLAAT3, and CCDC88B, along with environmental factors such as alcohol addiction, smoking, and stress, significantly influence disease risk. Genetic testing, including whole exome/genome sequencing, has revolutionized diagnosis, enabling early detection and intervention. Familial genetic testing facilitates personalized management.

Conclusion

Cardiomyopathy is a complex disease with genetic and environmental influences. Various techniques, including genetic testing, aid in its identification and management. Furthermore, machine learning (ML) techniques have emerged as valuable tools in understanding and predicting cardiomyopathy outcomes.
Increased Resting-State BOLD Turnover (TBOLD) is Associated With Decreased Cognitive Performance During Aging
Authors: James Lisa M , Christova Peka , Georgopoulos Apostolos P
Published: October 2024

Increasing evidence documents turnover of the resting-state blood-oxygen-level dependent signal (TBOLD) as a key measure of local cortical brain status. Here we evaluated contemporaneous and lagged associations between TBOLD and cognitive function in 711 participants in the Human Connectome Project on Aging (HCP-A; 316 males and 395 females, age range 36-90 years). We found that TBOLD was negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Total scores and with performance on 2 subscales, Delayed Recall and Visuospatial/Executive Function, controlling for sex, age, and handedness. This negative association was largely documented across brain areas and was significantly stronger in the left hemisphere compared to the right. In addition, analyses evaluating forward lagged crosscorrelations between TBOLD and cognitive performance demonstrated that TBOLD predicted decrements in future performance on MoCA Total score, Delayed Recall, and Visuospatial/Executive Function subscales, controlling for sex and handedness. Taken together, we found that increased TBOLD is associated with decreased cognitive performance contemporaneously and in the future. On the hypothesis that increased TBOLD is the outcome of neuroinflammatory processes, these findings provide a mechanism linking neuroinflammation with decreased cognitive performance.
Halo effect of faces and bodies: Cross-cultural similarities and differences between German and Japanese observers
Authors: Kordsmeyer Tobias L. , Freund Daniel , Ueshima Atsushi , Kuroda Kiri , Kameda Tatsuya , Penke Lars
Published: October 2024

According to the halo effect, person perceptions are globally biased by specific traits or characteristics. Attractive people are attributed positive traits like prosociality, health, and dominance. Due to a strong focus on facial stimuli it remains unclear whether this effect can also be found for bodies. Furthermore, most studies involved observers from individualistic cultures. This preregistered study explored the consistency of halo effects for men’s faces and bodies for individualistic and collectivistic observers. Facial photos and 3D body scans of 165 German men were judged separately for attractiveness, prosociality, health, and physical dominance by 123 German and 100 Japanese observers. Results were mostly consistent between both observer groups and revealed strong attractiveness halo effects for faces and bodies, and a physical dominance halo effect for bodies. This study provides new insights on consistent halo effect biases in person perception for faces and bodies for observers with different cultural backgrounds.
Management of Extradural Dead Space During Cranioplasty—A Scoping Review
Authors: Stefanko Alexa , Daly Gwendolyn E. , Alturky Sara , McIntyre Matthew K. , Howell Lori , Wright Christina , Wolfswinkel Erik M.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Cranioplasty after craniectomy restores cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics, protects the brain from trauma, and restores skull contour. However, post-cranioplasty extradural dead space may persist, leading to infection and necessitating further surgical interventions. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and analyze the existing peer-reviewed literature discussing the management of extra-dural dead space during cranioplasty.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed via searches of Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Included studies focused on managing extradural dead space in supratentorial cranioplasty using rigid implants or autologous bone. Studies solely using soft tissue repairs or non-primary studies were excluded. Data extraction covered study characteristics, management techniques, complications, and patient outcomes.

Results:

Out of 2196 articles, 135 underwent full-text review, and 28 were included, discussing 117 patients. Indications for dead space management included intractable infection (86%), syndrome of the trephined (25%), high-volume dead space (18%), persistent CSF leak (18%), and scarred dura (7%). Management techniques included muscle flaps (46%), omental flaps (14%), fat grafts (7%), and placement of non-organic materials (11%). Complications occurred in 32% of studies, including flap failure, hematoma, and CSF leak. Muscle flaps had a 22% complication rate but led to a high rate of infection resolution (97%).

Conclusions:

Managing extradural dead space with vascularized flaps during cranioplasty can reduce infection risk but may be associated with high complication rates. The lack of standardized practices and limited high-quality studies highlight the need for further research to establish the safety, efficacy, and best patient selection criteria for these techniques.
Primary Pulmonary Leiomyosarcoma Managed With Pazopanib: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Khosravi Sahar , Keshtegar Sana , Tavakoli Pirzaman Ali
Published: October 2024

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma (PPL) arises from pulmonary smooth muscle tissue, with less than 0.5% incidence among pulmonary malignancies and 30% among primary pulmonary sarcomas. Here, we present a case of PPL managed with pazopanib. Moreover, a brief review of relevant literature was conducted. A 65-year-old female presented with chronic cough, weight loss, and recurrent pneumonia, with a medical history including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, as well as past surgical colectomy and hysterectomy (due to abnormal uterine bleeding with normal pathology and no evidence of uterine leiomyosarcoma). Upon admission, she exhibited fever, cough, dyspnea, and decreased breath sounds over the upper lung lobe. Diagnostic workups revealed a large pulmonary mass, diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma via core needle biopsy and subsequent immunohistochemical staining. Neoadjuvant treatment with ifosfamide and adriamycin followed by chemoradiotherapy was attempted, but surgery for tumor resection was not feasible. Then, gemcitabine and docetaxel were chosen as the new treatment after ifosfamide and adriamycin were not effective. Imaging revealed tumor not reacting to latest treatment, either. Given the disease's persistence and the patient's diminished capacity for chemotherapy, the patient is presently undergoing pazopanib treatment, with ongoing monitoring of its effects. After 3 months of treatment with pazopanib (administered orally at 200 mg twice daily), the patient experienced a significant reduction in tumor size, with a notable decrease from 135 mm to 80 mm, approximating one-third of the initial size, indicating a positive therapeutic effect. This case report provides preliminary evidence suggesting that pazopanib, an oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, may be a promising therapeutic option for the management of PPL. However, further in-depth and long-term studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and superiority of this treatment.
Dynamic Analysis of Metamorphic Mechanisms with Impact Effects During Configuration Transformation
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chang Boyan , Jin Guoguang , Wang Zhimin
Published: October 2024

Metamorphic mechanisms have attracted considerable attention owing to their capability to switch their topology to adapt to different operational tasks. One feature of topological change is the re-contact of different bodies, which inevitably causes collisions affecting operation accuracy and service life. Consequently, in this study, a collision incidence matrix was introduced to describe the topology of a system involved in collisions, and a method for reducing the closed-loop system to an open-loop system was proposed. The complex movement of the metamorphic mechanism in a changing topology was classified into two different running stages of the source metamorphic mechanism. Based on the relative coordinate method, dynamic modeling of the source metamorphic mechanism considering the impact effects was conducted. Combining the classical collision theory and Newton–Euler equation, the generated impact impulse and the motion after collision were determined. Subsequently, a dynamic analytical method for the full configuration of metamorphic mechanisms was proposed to reflect the changes in the topological structure in the dynamic model. Finally, two typical metamorphic mechanisms used in packaging and spinning were considered as examples to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method, and their impact characteristics during configuration transformation were analyzed. The proposed analytical method of internal impact for a variable topology process provides effective theoretical guidance for the stability analysis of configuration transformation and structural design aimed at minimizing impacts.