bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical insights into medial-sided talar dome osteochondral lesions: a comparative analysis of unilateral and bilateral cases and healthy controls using MRI measurements
Authors: Cingoz Eda , Comert Rana Gunoz , Cingoz Mehmet , Yilmaz Ravza , Dursun Memduh
Published: November 2024

Background

The etiology of medial-sided talar osteochondral lesions (OCLs) remains insufficiently understood.

Purpose

To identify anatomical risk factors contributing to the development of unilateral or bilateral OCL of the talus on the medial side, utilizing morphological parameters derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and Methods

In this retrospective study, 24 ankle MRI scans from 12 patients exhibiting bilateral OCLs of the talar dome on the medial side, 24 ankle MRIs from 24 patients with unilateral medial-sided OCLs, and 24 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and side within each group were analyzed. Six distinct MRI parameters were measured: the anterior opening angle of the talus (AOT); tibial axis-medial malleolus angle (TMM); plafond-malleolar angle (PMA); anterior talofibular ligament-posterior talofibular ligament (ATFL-PTFL) angle; the ratio of the distal tibial articular surface to the length of the trochlea tali arc (TAS/TAL); and the depth of the incisura fibularis (IncDep).

Results

The AOT, ATFL-PTFL angle, and TMM of individuals in both the bilateral and unilateral groups were significantly higher when compared to the healthy controls. In addition, TMM measurements in the unilateral group were significantly higher than in the bilateral group.

Conclusion

AOT and TMM appeared to be the primary predisposing factors in the development of both unilateral and bilateral OCLs. Furthermore, TMM shows a greater increase in unilateral OCL cases compared to bilateral OCL cases. The fact that TMM is not significantly high in known unilateral OCL cases can be a stimulus for investigating the other ankle for OCL.
Positioning tezepelumab for patients with severe asthma: from evidence to unmet needs
Authors: Lombardi Carlo , Cottini Marcello , Bosi Annamaria , Menzella Francesco
Published: November 2024

Several endotypes of severe asthma with predominantly type 2 inflammation can be distinguished by the immune pathways driving the inflammatory processes. However, in the absence of type 2 inflammation, asthma is less clearly defined and is generally associated with poor responses to conventional anti-asthmatic therapies. Studies have shown that disruption of the epithelial barrier triggers inflammatory responses and increases epithelial permeability. A key aspect of this process is that epithelial cells release alarmin cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), in response to allergens and infections. Among these cytokines, TSLP has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for severe asthma, leading to the development of a new biologic, tezepelumab (TZP). By blocking TSLP, TZP may produce wide-ranging effects. Based on positive clinical trial results, TZP appears to offer a promising, safe, and effective treatment approach. This narrative review examines the evidence for treating severe asthma with TZP, analyses clinical trial findings, and provides clinicians with practical insights into identifying patients who may respond best to this novel biologic therapy.
The use of music in the daily care of an infant: Exploring a mother’s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Papazachariou-Christoforou Maria
Published: November 2024

This study investigates how a first-time Cypriot mother used music in caring for her infant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited research has been done about musical parenting during this time, highlighting the importance of this single case study. For 5 months, the mother-participant engaged in an online musical parenting program, which aimed to increase knowledge regarding the use of music and movement with infants and suggest ways for practical implications. Data included interviews, informal discussions, the participant’s digital journals and filmed videos, and researcher field notes taken during the teaching program. Thematic analysis revealed that even without prior formal or informal musical training, and in prolonged isolation with related stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mother-participant engaged extensively in musical interaction with her infant. Musical activities provided a meaningful framework for the mother to cope with the daily demands of mothering and to manage the isolation due to COVID-19. Music engagement enhanced the bond between the mother and her infant, united family members, and promoted her perceived state of well-being. The findings support previous research on the significance of musical interaction between caregivers and infants, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Settler-Humanitarianism: Dispossession, ‘Humanitarian Transfer’ and the 1948 Nakba
Authors: Stefanini Pietro
Published: November 2024

This article revisits the history of the 1948 Nakba and suggests that hitherto literature has not explored in depth how the racialised liberal world order has come to bear on settler colonial strategies of dispossession. It was the international relations practice of ‘population exchanges’ that afforded a humanitarian operational logic to structure the mass expulsion of Palestinians in the name of creating a racially homogenous nation-state. The article shows how the idea of humanitarian population transfers was debated in the 1930s – particularly after the proposals of the 1937 British Peel Commission – and later a settler colonial form of humanitarianism was mobilised amid warfare in 1948, first to concentrate Palestinians internally inside enclaves, and then to entrench the expulsion of refugees. The conclusion reflects on the ways in which a similar notion of ‘humanitarian transfer’ has re-emerged during the contemporary Israeli genocide against Palestinians in Gaza.
Extended state infrastructure power in an age of networked competition: The cases of Thailand and Taiwan
Authors: Stokols Andrew , Kollar Justin
Published: November 2024

Scholars have highlighted the emergence of infrastructure as a key domain in the struggle over network centrality in what some call the ‘Second Cold War’ between the U.S. and China. We qualify this ‘infrastructural turn’ by drawing attention to the contingent nature of state infrastructural power as depending on key domestic firms that often serve as intermediaries between domestic infrastructure and global supply chains or international partners. Utilising empirical case studies based on field research conducted between 2021 and 2023 in Thailand and Taiwan, we analyse the ways in which state infrastructure power is exercised through strategic negotiation between national politics of the state and territorial investment decisions of multinational and major domestic firms within global supply chains. The study highlights how outcomes of state projects to foster connectivity or centrality in networks are shaped by contingent and sometimes ad-hoc coalitions between state agencies and domestic and multinational companies with their own interests and agency. In the case of Taiwan, the centrality of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) to global supply chains makes it an important player amidst continued U.S.-China tension. In Thailand, CP Group’s connections to China have afforded it a role as an interlocutor between Thailand and China, allowing it to obtain state infrastructure contracts. Through comparative case studies the paper complicates both ‘globalist’ and methodologically nationalist perspectives on the ‘infrastructural turn’, and introduces the concept of ‘ extended state infrastructural power’ to account for this complex, networked exercise of state authority.
Worldwide availability of medications for migraine and tension-type headache: A survey of the International Headache Society
Authors: Puledda Francesca , de Boer Irene , Messina Roberta , Garcia-Azorin David , Portes Souza Marcio Nattan , Al-Karagholi Mohammad Al-Mahdi , Begasse de Dhaem Olivia , Tassorelli Cristina , May Arne
Published: November 2024

Background

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the differing global access to acute and preventive medications for migraine and tension-type headache.

Methods

A custom-built questionnaire created by members of the International Headache Society Juniors Group was sent to International Headache Society members worldwide, including a list of acute and preventive treatments for migraine and tension-type headache. This list was based on evidence-based medicine guidelines. For each treatment, participants were asked about availability, type of reimbursement and variability of access within their country.

Results

Eighty-four members completed the questionnaire providing data for 84 countries. The majority were neurologists (88%) and worked at an academic/university hospital (62%). Of participants, 36% were located in high-income economy countries and 13% were located in low-income economies. Common preventive treatments such as propranolol and topiramate were available in most countries (respectively in 99% and 92% of responding countries). Sumatriptan was available in most countries (95%), whereas other triptan availability was lower. Novel migraine treatments such as rimegepant and erenumab were only available in 14% and 46% of the assessed countries, respectively.

Conclusions

Availability of headache medications, ranging from simple analgesics to novel therapies migraine-specific drugs, varied greatly across the world. Actions are needed to improve effective drug availability in many countries to ensure an adequate management of people living with headache.
Traveling for Safety: Price and Income Elasticities of Hurricane Evacuation Behavior
Authors: Halim Nafisa , Jiang Fan , Meng Sisi , Mozumder Pallab , Yao Chengxue
Published: November 2024

Using multiple hurricane surveys collected from different areas in the U.S., this study estimates how much distance and how much time were traveled by evacuees to reach safer destinations during a hurricane event. Regression results indicate that flood risk, respondents’ age, income, and education levels are correlated with both the distance and travel time of hurricane evacuation trips. Moreover, to gain deeper insights, we estimated the price and income elasticities of hurricane evacuation trip characteristics. The estimated elasticities of travel distance reveal that travel distance is a necessary and ordinary good, implying that safety is essential and less responsive to price changes. In addition, the estimated elasticities of travel time suggest that travel time is an inferior good, indicating that as income goes up, people tend to spend less time traveling for evacuation. This finding provides logistic implications for emergency management agencies to analyze the evacuation travel demand and ensure safety in vulnerable communities.
Anatomic Risk Factors for Initial and Secondary Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study in 880 Female Elite Handball and Soccer Players
Authors: Kamatsuki Yusuke , Qvale Marie Synnøve , Steffen Kathrin , Wangensteen Arnlaug , Krosshaug Tron
Published: November 2024

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most severe injuries for athletes. It is important to identify risk factors because a better understanding of injury causation can help inform athletes about risk and increase their understanding of and motivation for injury prevention.

Purpose:

To investigate the relationship between anatomic factors and risk for future noncontact ACL injuries.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 870, excluding 9 players with a new contact ACL injury and a player with a new noncontact ACL injury just before the testing, female elite handball and soccer players—86 of whom had a history of ACL injury—underwent measurements of anthropometrics, alignment, joint laxity, and mobility, including leg length, knee alignment, knee anteroposterior laxity, generalized joint hypermobility, genu recurvatum, and hip anteversion. All ACL injuries among the tested players were recorded prospectively. Welch t tests and chi-square tests were used for comparison between the groups (new injury group, which sustained a new ACL injury in the follow-up period, and no new injury group).

Results:

An overall 64 new noncontact ACL injuries were registered. No differences were found between athletes with and without a new ACL injury among most of the measured variables. However, static knee valgus was significantly higher in the new injury group than in the no new injury group among all players (mean difference [MD], 0.9°; P = .007), and this tendency was greater in players with a previous ACL injury (MD, 2.1°; P = .002). Players with secondary injury also had a higher degree of knee hyperextension when compared with those previously injured who did not have a secondary injury (MD, 1.6°; P = .007).

Conclusion:

The anatomic factors that we investigated had a weak or no association with risk for an index noncontact ACL injury. Increased static knee valgus was associated with an increased risk for noncontact ACL injury, in particular for secondary injury. Furthermore, hyperextension of the knee was a risk factor for secondary ACL injury.
Developing WasteSAM: A novel approach for accurate construction waste image segmentation to facilitate efficient recycling
Authors: Heo Seokjae , Na Seunguk
Published: November 2024

The escalating volume of construction activities and resultant waste generation underscores the imperative for developing sophisticated segmentation models to facilitate efficient sorting and recycling processes. This study introduces WasteSAM, an enhanced iteration of the segment anything model (SAM), specifically tailored to address the intricate complexities inherent in construction waste imagery. Drawing upon a comprehensive dataset comprising over 15,000 masks representing five distinct categories of construction materials, WasteSAM exhibits notably superior segmentation capabilities. Quantitative analysis demonstrates significant performance improvements, with WasteSAM outperforming the original SAM model by an average of 23.9% in dice similarity coefficient and 30.0% in normalized surface distance metrics. The integration of stereo-image techniques in refining the training dataset has facilitated WasteSAM in more accurately discerning the three-dimensional structure of waste materials, thereby augmenting the precision of waste classification. Noteworthy is the model’s adeptness in handling intricate textures and patterns across diverse imaging modalities, including varying lighting conditions and complex object interactions. While showing promising results, this study also highlights the need for high-quality, diverse datasets that reflect real-world construction site complexities, rather than merely larger datasets.
Tatort: Murder scene, montage and melancholy in the neo-noir imagination (or: Das Leiden unter der Tat und die Sehnsucht nach dem Wissen)
Authors: Gilloch Graeme
Published: November 2024

Drawing principally on the writings of the Critical Theorists Walter Benjamin and Siegfried Kracauer, this paper considers the contemporary neo-noir detective story in relation to three interwoven themes/motifs: spatiality (scenes, sites and settings); temporality (time and narrational arc); and, characterization (the detective as a figure of repetition and melancholy). Combining the traits and practices of flaneur, ragpicker and collector, the detective wearily undertakes the investigation through an archaeological/genealogical discovery of the antecedents of the crime so as to reconstruct thereby a ‘bio-topography’ of the unfortunate victim(s). The facts ( Tatsachen) of the case are to be gleaned somehow from, among other things, the deed itself ( Tat) and from, among other loci, the actual crime scene ( Tatort). I suggest how, as the evidence – traces, testimonies, forensics – proliferates and accumulates, the crime investigation board on which these fragments are pinned and presented becomes the object of the detective's ceaseless and sorrowful scrutiny, transforming her/him thereby into one of Benjamin's most famous allegorical figures of historical witness.
Trends and Determinants of Palliative Care Utilization Among Patients With Metastatic Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in the National Cancer Database
Authors: Connors Christopher , Omidele Olamide , Levy Micah , Wang Daniel , Arroyave Juan Sebastian , Tomer Nir , Jacobi Sophia , Mayleben William , Badani Ketan , Mehrazin Reza , Palese Michael
Published: November 2024

Objective

To identify patterns of palliative care usage and identify determinants of palliative intervention using a large contemporary cohort of patients with metastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma (mUTUC). Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried from 2004 to 2020 for patients with mUTUC. Patients with a prior malignancy, non-mUTUC, and missing follow up or palliative care information were excluded. Demographics and baseline characteristics were compared between patients with mUTUC who received palliative care and those that did not. Trends in annual palliative care usage were assessed via logistic regression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of receipt of palliative care. Results: Four thousand and forty-four patients with mUTUC were included in the final cohort, among which 908 received palliative care (22.5%) and 3136 did not (77.5%). We found that the utilization of palliative care increased significantly from 2004 (15.0%) to 2019 (23.1%), P < .001. Additionally, on multivariate analysis we found that a recent year of diagnosis, receipt of a prior nonsurgical treatment paradigm, and an overall survival <6 months were independent predictors of palliative intervention, all P < .001. On the other hand, undergoing treatment at a minority serving hospital and older age were associated with lower likelihood of receiving palliative care, both P < .001. Conclusions: There is a low but increasing trend of utilization of palliative care among patients with mUTUC. Expansion of palliative care services, particularly among older patients and those at minority-serving hospitals, remains a key opportunity to improve quality of life and enhance patient-centered care among those with mUTUC.
An Exploration of Parents’ Preference for Young Children's Smart Textile Products
Authors: Xia Sibei , Liu Chuanlan
Published: November 2024

The topic of smart textiles has made substantial progress and garnered great interest. Nevertheless, studies are scarce regarding consumer attitudes and acceptability of these items. There is a lack of consumer studies specifically targeting the market for smart textiles designed for young children. This research seeks to close this disparity by investigating parents’ requirements and criteria when choosing smart fabrics intended for younger children. Surveys were administered to parents who had at least one child under the age of three. A nationwide sample was enlisted, yielding 267 valid responses. The results emphasized that safety is the most important factor for parents, regardless of their demographic characteristics. Parents who had previous exposure to smart textile items placed a higher emphasis on performance rather than pricing, in contrast to parents who did not have such exposure. The study additionally gathered and condensed product concepts and recommendations for subsequent product enhancement.
“This is Tunisia, Speak Arabic:”: Multi lingual Ideology and Identities in Tunisia
Authors: Hawkins Simon
Published: November 2024

In multilingual societies, it is common for the individual languages used to have specific and contrasting associations, classically with power versus solidarity. Drawing on ethnographic projects over many years, this article portrays a more complicated language ideology in Tunisia. Depending on context, both French and Arabic can be languages of power and solidarity. Gender and class play important contextual roles, with men’s French being popularly held to be distinctly different from women’s French. The shifting associations with Arabic and French follow a recursive pattern, always depending on a relative comparison. Residents of Tunis may categorize themselves and their language use one way in contrast to Europe, but in a completely other way in contrast to rural Tunisia, or North Africa as a whole. Both Arabic and French can feel institutional and oppressive or comfortable and friendly, depending on who is speaking, how they are speaking, and where.
Talking the Talk, or Walking the Walk? How Managerial Practices Relate to Nonprofit Organizations’ Role as Schools of Democracy
Authors: Hohensinn Lisa , Litofcenko Julia , Maier Florentine , Cornips Leila
Published: November 2024

Nonprofit organizations are touted as “schools of democracy” that teach civic skills and values, but their increasing use of managerial practices from the business world may endanger this role. We examine the relationships between nonprofits’ managerial practices, practices of organizational democracy, and endorsement of public participation. Using organizational-level survey data from the Viennese metropolitan area, we find that the extent to which nonprofits use managerial practices negatively relates to their degree of organizational democracy. However, greater use of democratic and managerial practices positively relates to endorsing public participation. We conclude that managerialization often turns nonprofits from practitioners into mere preachers of democracy.
Robust joint estimation of sideslip angle and tire lateral force for distributed drive electric vehicle
Authors: Yu Binghao , Chen Qiping , Xiong Zuqi , Jiang Zhiqiang , Zhong Chengping , You Daoliang
Published: November 2024

Accurate estimation of vehicle sideslip angle (SA) and tire lateral force (TLF) is essential for the effective functioning of vehicle active safety control systems. However, effective estimation of SA and TLF using low-cost on-board sensors is a major challenge. In this paper, a robust joint estimation method of SA and TLF for distributed drive electric vehicle (DDEV) is proposed. Adaptive sliding-mode observer (ASMO) is used to estimate the TLF and is used as the input to the subsequent filter. Maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) is introduced to improve the robustness of the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) under mixed Gaussian noise, and the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is composed to estimate SA. The effectiveness of the proposed ASMO and MCUKF joint estimation method is verified by Simulink/Carsim joint simulation experiments. The experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, the estimation method proposed in this paper effectively improves the estimation accuracy and robustness of SA and TLF under the mixed Gaussian environment, which is of great significance for the improvement of vehicle active safety.
User experience of lower extremity exoskeletons and its improvement methodologies: A narrative review
Authors: Zhou Yuan
Published: November 2024

In this review, user experience (UX) of recent lower limb exoskeletons (LLEs) and its improvement methodologies are investigated. First, statistics based on standardised and custom UX evaluations are presented. It is indicated that, LLE users have positive UX, especially in the aspects of safety, dimension and effectiveness. Further, overall, UX levels of ankle and hip-knee exoskeletons are higher than those of other exoskeleton types; unilateral LLEs have higher mean UX levels than that of the bilateral ones. Then, design practices for improving UX are studied; the focused points are burden reduction and improvement of device fit. The former is achieved through lightweight design and approaches that reduce device’s moment of inertia (MOI) at mechanical joints. Works on the latter refer to the endeavours to enhance static and dynamic fit; they mainly rely on the optimisations of human-robot interface (HRS) and endeavours to rectify misalignment of axes of mechanical and anatomic joints, respectively. The following section is control approaches to enhance wearing comfort level; it is mainly focused on adaptive, interaction and compensation-based controls. Finally, existing problems and future directions are stated and prospected respectively.
The PrEP cascade in a sample of HIV-negative or unknown status adolescent and young adult transgender women in Peru
Authors: Reisner Sari L , Apedaile Dorothy , Silva-Santisteban Alfonso , Huerta Leyla , Aguayo-Romero Rodrigo , Perez-Brumer Amaya
Published: November 2024

Background

Transgender women are a key population in the HIV epidemic globally, including in Peru. This cross-sectional epidemiological study characterized the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) cascade in adolescent and young adult transgender women in Peru to inform roll-out of early HIV prevention efforts.

Methods

Between February-July 2022, a community-recruited sample of HIV-negative or status unknown young transgender women ( n = 140) in Peru completed a socio-behavioral survey and biological testing for HIV and bacterial STIs. Logistic regression models estimated the association of sociodemographic, healthcare, and behavioral factors to PrEP indication and willingness.

Results

Median age was 22 years (range = 16-24 years); 65.7% reported sex work and 28.6% homelessness. Overall, 45.7% had a PrEP indication based on past 6 months HIV behavioral risk profiles. In a multivariable model, sex work (aRR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.24-4.17) and homelessness (aRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.00-1.60) were associated with PrEP indication. More than one-third (38.6%) had never been HIV tested; 25.3% were tested >1 year ago. Only 34.3% heard of daily oral PrEP, 8.6% reported ever PrEP use, and 5.0% current PrEP use. Nearly half (49.3%) reported willingness to take daily oral PrEP. In a multivariable model, younger age was associated with increased willingness to use PrEP (aRR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.87-0.98). Highest ranked PrEP preferences were a daily oral pill (35.7%), implant (32.1%), and injection by a provider (10.0%).

Conclusions

PrEP indication and willingness were high in this sample, but HIV testing and PrEP uptake were low. Findings highlight opportunities for age-responsive and contextually-relevant interventions to increase HIV prevention among young transgender women in Peru.
Current smoking is related to severe damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Cosatti MA , Muñoz SA , Tamborenea MT , García M , Curti A , Cappuccio A , Rillo O , Imamura PM , Schneeberger E , Dal Pra F , Ballent M , Cousseau ML , Velasco Zamora J , Saurit V , Toloza S , Danielsen MC , Bellomio VI , Graf C , Paira S , Cavallasca J , Pons Estel B , Cristian Moreno JL , Díaz M , Alba P , Verando M , Tate G , Mysler E , Sarano J , Civit EE , Risueño F , Álvarez Sepúlveda P , Larroude MS , Méndez MF , Conforti A , Sohn D , Helling CA , Roverano S , Malm-Green S , Medina Bornachera D , Alvarez A , Eimon A , Pendón G , Mayer M , Marin J , Pisoni CN
Published: November 2024

Objective

To assess the relationship between smoking exposure and organ damage accrual measured by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus score (SLICC-SDI) in consecutive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from Argentina.

Methods

623 consecutive SLE patients (fulfilling ≥4, 1997 ACR criteria) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and disease related variables including SLICC-SDI score and smoking status were collected. Patients currently smoking were considered “smokers”, and “non-smokers” those who never smoked and former smokers. SLICC-SDI was divided into two categories: <3 and ≥3 was defined as severe damage.

Results

Six hundred and 23 patients were included in the analysis, 89% women. Eighty-four per cent were non-smokers and 16 % were current smokers 83 percent of patients had SLICC-SDI <3 and 17 % had SLICC-SDI ≥3. Twenty one percent of patients with SLICC-SDI ≥3 and 15% with <3 SLICC-SDI were current smokers ( p 0.081). In the multiple regression analysis, current smoking (OR 1.82, CI 95% 1.01-3.31, p 0.046), older age (OR 1.04, CI 95% 1.00-1.05, p 0.034), disease duration (OR 1.03, CI 95% 1.00-1.07, p 0.021) and cyclophosphamide exposure (OR 2.97, CI 95% 1.49-5.88, p 0.002) were related to SLICC-SDI ≥3.

Conclusion

In our sample of patients, current smoking, older age, disease duration and cyclophosphamide were related to severe damage (SLICC-SDI ≥3).
The Psychology of Poverty: Current and Future Directions
Authors: Park Ye Rang , Ho Yuen , Hallez Kristina , Kaur Supreet , Srinivasan Mahesh , Zhao Jiaying
Published: November 2024

An emerging literature on “the psychology of poverty” suggests that the experience of poverty itself has psychological consequences, some of which may make escaping poverty more difficult. We synthesize the evidence base from both psychology and economics using an organizing framework comprising four sets of mechanisms: cognitive function, mental health, beliefs, and preferences. We discuss the strength of the evidence supporting both how poverty affects these four mechanisms and how these four mechanisms in turn affect poverty. As our review shows, the existing evidence has clearly established proof of concept that psychological factors exist in the experience of and response to poverty. However, there is still a lack of evidence on whether these effects are meaningful in magnitude and lead to the perpetuation of poverty. We conclude by summarizing promising future directions for research that could help close these evidence gaps, with important implications for the design of poverty reduction policies.
Celebrations of Ageing in Late Adulthood: The Hindu Perspective
Authors: Kalavar Jyotsna M.
Published: November 2024

During the last two decades, the ageing literature has emphasised the need for positive features of the ageing experience, and the need to reframe late-life perspectives. This becomes a more salient issue with demographic changes in ageing seen worldwide. Since 1965, the flow of immigrants to the United States from India has been steadily rising, including Hindus from India. Every culture consecrates periods of life or developmental milestones with rituals, traditions, or festivities. From the Vedic period, celebrations have been stipulated by the Hindu scriptures for different periods of late adulthood. Specifically, this project focused on the Saṣtiabdhapūrti celebration that marks the completion of the sixtieth birthday. Through face-to-face interviews conducted with 12 Vedic scholars/Hindu priests in the USA, the contemporary practices of Hindu immigrants in the United States were examined in this study. The goal of this project was to increase awareness and understanding of culturally diverse ageing experiences. How we view ageing and late life has implications for how we treat the elderly in our society, and how we regard our own personal ageing.
A new mental health initiative in the Maldives: A preliminary study of Group Therapy in Male’
Authors: Rasheed Fathimath Sofiya , Abdul Majeedh Fathimath Rishtha , Rasheed Fathmath Lubaina , Abdulla Sidra , Mahmood Razee Ali Mikhail
Published: November 2024

Objective

To explore the feasibility of Group Therapy as a therapeutic intervention for patients diagnosed with depression in the Maldives.

Conclusions

Observations and results of the first five cohorts in the capital, Male, demonstrate acceptance of the adapted intervention and preliminary support to its effectiveness.
Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Human Resource Management: The AI Job Description Assignment
Authors: Walker Dayna O. H. , Larson Milan
Published: November 2024

The introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology is rapidly changing the field of human resource management (HRM). Management educators are called to prepare students for the opportunities and challenges this new technology will bring. Thus, our aim is to provide management educators with an assignment to introduce students to the opportunities and limitations of using generative AI for writing job descriptions. The AI Job Description Assignment invites students to leverage generative AI to write a first draft job description and then refine that initial draft using information obtained from a mini-job analysis conducted with real people. The assignment exposes students to a new technology while simultaneously reinforcing the age-old importance of including job incumbents in the process through job analysis interviews or surveys. Students learn both the benefits and limitations of generative AI while re-imagining a traditional HRM method. A how-to guide is provided for instructors along with quantitative and qualitative evidence of effectiveness.
Patterns of Congenital Tooth Agenesis and Crown Width in Patients with Alveolar Clefts in Guizhou, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liang Shenhu , Wen Yu , Wang Fang , Shu Xin , Yang Jing , Qiu Youze , Song Qinggao
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the prevalent pattern of congenital tooth agenesis and the development of crown width in patients with alveolar clefts in Guizhou, China.

Methods

The imaging data and complete medical record information of 222 patients who met the criteria were studied. The rate of tooth agenesis, tooth agenesis patterns, type of cleft, gender, and crown width in patients with alveolar cleft were counted.

Results

Twenty-two congenital tooth agenesis patterns were statistically identified in patients with alveolar clefts by the tooth agenesis code method. The rate of congenital tooth agenesis in patients with alveolar cleft was 72.5%, and the most common missing teeth were lateral incisors. The rate of tooth agenesis was higher in bilateral alveolar cleft (87.1%) than in unilateral alveolar cleft (67.4%). No correlation was found between gender and tooth agenesis patterns, tooth agenesis rate, or number of missing teeth. Crown width in patients with alveolar clefts is less than normal. No correlation was found between the number of missing teeth and crown width.

Conclusions

The congenital tooth agenesis patterns and tooth agenesis rates in patients with alveolar clefts in Guizhou, China, were related to the type of cleft, independent of gender. The crown widths in patients with alveolar clefts were smaller than normal, irrespective of the number of tooth agenesis.
Aggressive Malignant Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor With a Rare PHF1::FOXR2 Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Syrnioti Antonia , Chatzopoulos Kyriakos , DiNapoli Sara , Sukhadia Purvil , Linos Konstantinos
Published: November 2024

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain origin, exhibiting a wide clinical and morphological spectrum. It ranges from benign forms, which typically behave indolently, to malignant lesions with significant recurrence and metastatic potential. The majority of OFMTs harbor PHF1 gene rearrangements, with EP400 being the most common fusion partner. Herein, we present a patient with malignant metastatic OFMT, with the very rare PHF1::FOXR2 fusion, and discuss the potential clinical implications of this genetic alteration.
Enhancing Bio-Cultural Management in Indigenous Marine Areas in Chile
Authors: Anbleyth-Evans Jeremy , Hiriart-Bertrand Luciano , Araos Leiva Francisco , Yu Iwama Allan , Henriquez-Antipa Luis
Published: November 2024

This article deepens the understanding of bio-cultural management through the establishment of Indigenous Marine Areas (IMAs) in Chile. While ecological conservation management has struggled due to governmental, top-down approaches, this research aims to show how the establishment of Indigenous Marine Areas (IMAs) has allowed Indigenous communities in Chile safeguard their customary uses and bio-cultural management. Based on analysis of three detailed case studies from a review of ten decreed IMAs, it discusses how IMAs are spatially prioritising the protection of habitats, species, and cultural relations, from different threats such as salmon aquaculture and fishing. The research develops the blue democracy approach, including participatory GIS, and semi-structured interviews to elicit local ecological knowledge (LEK) and values. Greater recognition of the network of IMAs can allow for greater momentum in monitoring and protection of marine ecosystems and Indigenous culture, where indigenous leadership over marine management is empowered.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Pulmonary Embolism Prognosis Using Nutritional and Inflammatory Indices
Authors: Lian Zengzhi , Wei Xue-ni , Chai Dayang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to create and assess machine learning (ML) models that utilize nutritional and inflammatory indices, focusing on the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), to improve the prediction accuracy of PE prognosis.

Patients and methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 312 patients, comprising 254 survivors and 58 non-survivors. The Boruta algorithm was used to identify significant variables, and four ML models (XGBoost, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and SVM) were employed to analyze the clinical data and assess the performance of the models.

Results

The XGBoost model, with optimal hyperparameters, achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 0.882, an F1-score of 0.889, a precision of 0.917, a sensitivity of 0.863, a specificity of 0.905, and an AUC of 0.873. Analysis of feature importance indicated that the most critical predictors across models were respiratory failure, log-transformed ALI, albumin level, age, diastolic blood pressure, and NAR.

Conclusion

The ML-based prediction models effectively predicted the prognosis of PE, with the XGBoost model exhibiting good performance. Respiratory failure, ALI, albumin level, age, diastolic blood pressure, and NAR were correlated with PE prognosis.
A study of the dynamic transmission efficiency of the cycloid pin gear pair under dynamic characteristic analysis
Authors: Wang Cheng
Published: November 2024

Transmission efficiency is one of the main technical indicators for evaluating the transmission performance of a cycloid pin gear planetary reducer. The cycloid pin gear pair is a crucial component of such a reducer. When the design parameters of the cycloid pin gear pair are determined, its transmission efficiency is often considered a constant, which significantly hinders accurate calculations of the transmission efficiency of the cycloid pin gear planetary reducer. To address this issue, this paper introduces a dynamic transmission efficiency analysis method specifically tailored for the cycloid pin gear pair, grounded firmly in dynamic characteristic analysis. Firstly, a comprehensive and meticulous dynamic performance analysis method is proposed for the cycloid pin gear pair, enabling precise calculations of dynamic transmission efficiency. Secondly, an optimization framework is introduced, with a primary focus on enhancing the transmission efficiency of the cycloid pin gear pair. A transmission efficiency assessment model is established as the objective function, which takes into account the pressure angles of both the driving gear and the driven gear at the meshing position. To demonstrate the practical utility and effectiveness of these methodologies, an illustrative example is presented. The results obtained from this example underscore a remarkable improvement in the overall transmission performance of the system. This enhancement is characterized by substantial gains in transmission efficiency and effective vibration control, highlighting the significance and practicality of the proposed approaches.
When Articulating Populist Dichotomies Is Paramount: Exploring the Effects of Explicit and Implicit Populist Styles on User Engagement in Turkish Election Tweets
Authors: Bozdağ Utku , Tóth Tamás , Demeter Márton
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes whether articulated populist dichotomies or fractured populist styles attract more user engagement on social media focusing on the 2023 Turkish presidential and parliamentary elections via Twitter, considering the tweets of individual candidates and parties ( n = 4,139). Negative binomial regressions revealed that the explicit populist style, which articulates “the people” and “the harmful others” in the same message unit, predicts user engagement. The study shows that explicit populism triggers more favorites, retweets, and replies than any other populist style. Although implicit people-centrism has positive associations with retweets and replies, implicit antagonism has no effect on user engagement data.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Diverse Communities During the Pandemic: A Case for Culturally Competent Intervention Strategies
Authors: Moore Paige L.
Published: November 2024

Providing access to adequate and culturally competent healthcare in the United States has been an ongoing challenge with healthcare access barriers impacting the quality of care received by racially and ethnically diverse populations. Despite the preventative measures taken to halt the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable populations and diverse communities were disproportionately represented in COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates. Through a review of the available literature and a quantitative analysis of COVID-19 surveillance data, this study addresses how culturally competent intervention strategies impacted COVID-19 mortality and fatality rates. This paper discusses how community leadership addressed vaccine distribution gaps and delayed government responses for diverse populations were addressed by the community leadership and provides examples of culturally competent solutions to healthcare emergencies. This cross-sectional study contributes to the current literature by exploring the impact of culturally competent healthcare interventions in North Carolina during the COVID-19 pandemic and makes the case for culturally competent practices to reduce the impact on diverse populations.
Subacute onset rhino-orbital mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella in a Chinese leukemia patient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shen Jianqin , Chen Yanhong , Chen Ying , Cui Hongguang
Published: November 2024

Purpose

We herein report a case of subacute-onset rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM) in an acute leukemia patent caused by the rare but most lethal pathogenic fungus - Cunninghamella. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ROM caused by Cunninghamella reported in China.

Case description

A 50-year-old Chinese female with acute leukemia (M2 type) who, following the completion of two cycles of chemotherapy, began to exhibit naso-ocular symptoms. The patient was initially diagnosed with extramedullary leukemia. As the disease progressed, the patient began to develop specific black crust-like necrosis of the right eyelids. Following multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) consultation and tissue biopsy, the patient was finally diagnosed with a rare type of ROM caused by Cunninghamella infection. Although the mortality associated with Cunninghamella infection was significantly greater than that associated with infections caused by other Mucorales, the infection was eventually controlled through the adjustment of the antifungal drug regimen and timely surgical intervention.

Conclusions

ROM infection with Cunninghamella is an extremely rare and fatal fungal infection, and early recognition and diagnosis of the disease is critical to the prognosis. The subacute nature of this case may have been a positive factor in the patient's preservation of life.
What happened to my time during the COVID-19 lockdown? Parents’ subversive temporal regime strategies and their potential beyond the pandemic
Authors: Oates-Indruchová Libora , Asztalos Morell Ildikó , Dudová Radka , Formánková Lenka , Geambașu Réka , Hašková Hana , Hawkins Marta , Vohlídalová Marta
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted individuals to devise new temporal strategies in various spheres of their lives as a result of the spatial regulations imposed during the first lockdown. We apply Lisa Suckert’s theoretical model of ‘the capitalist time regime’ in the analysis of 68 interviews with parents of schoolchildren in seven European countries conducted during the first COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020. We examine actors’ agency and capability to govern time during the pandemic and the extent to which disruption enables subversion of the temporal regime and its five features: measurement and commodification of time, temporal expansionism, acceleration, appropriation of the future, with the special emphasis on unequal temporal autonomy of actors. Expanding on Dale Southerton’s analysis of the role of gender in temporal autonomy, we also look at the participants’ positions at the intersections of gender, age of children, profession, economic situation, and the use of the welfare system. Finally, we contextualise participants’ creative challenges to the unequal temporal autonomy within Barbara Hobson’s approach to capabilities and achievements. The results show that participants creatively negotiated time under lockdown spatial conditions, thus producing new socio-temporal conditions that suited them and their families. We identified shift work in family arrangements, time for oneself and increased efficiency due to enhanced autonomy as the key creative subversive strategies addressing unequal temporal autonomy of actors with regard to gender and also other axes of disadvantage.
Tribological performance of 410L martensitic stainless steel parts manufactured by Laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Sousa Jurandir Marcos Sá de , Pereira Milton , Thiesen Júnior Anselmo , Gutjahr Jhonattan , Salvaro Diego Berti , Binder Cristiano , Cruz Juliane Ribeiro da
Published: November 2024

The processing of AISI 410L martensitic stainless steel (MSS) by laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) for additive manufacturing (AM) of wear-resistant components is an alternative to the high C-content MSS grade, with difficult processability. This work assesses the tribological performance of low C-content 410L MSS additively manufactured by L-DED. Two sets of L-DED parameters were investigated, one targeting Production and high deposition rates, and the other for Resolution and increased geometric freedom. Half of the multilayer samples were subjected to a post heat-treatment route. Samples were evaluated by the dry-sliding linearly reciprocating ball-on-flat tribological test (ASTM G133) in the as-built and heat-treated states. Commercially annealed 410 MSS was the reference material. In the L-DED as-built, microstructures were composed of ferrite with martensite at the grain boundaries. Heat-treatment provides recrystallization, martensite tempering, and hardness decrease. The more refined microstructure of L-DED resolution as-built led to greater hardness and lower wear coefficient in the ASTM G133 test. Wear tracks revealed wider bands of compact tribolayers on its surface, which reduced the action of adhesive and abrasive mechanisms. The other L-DED as-built and heat-treated conditions, and 410 reference material demonstrated a large amount of free debris, indicating lower wear resistance.