bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of and barriers to adopting standardized social risk screening tools in federally qualified health centers during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Giron Nicole C. , Cole Megan B. , Nguyen Kevin H.
Published: September 2023

Objective

To describe the national rate of social risk factor screening adoption among federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), examine organizational factors associated with social risk screening adoption, and identify barriers to utilizing a standardized screening tool in 2020.

Data Source

2020 Uniform Data System, a 100% sample of all US FQHCs (N = 1375).

Study Design

We used multivariable linear probability models to assess the association between social risk screening adoption and key FQHC characteristics. We used descriptive statistics to describe variations in screening tool types and barriers to utilizing standardized tools. We thematically categorized open‐ended responses about tools and barriers.

Data Collection

None.

Principal Findings

In 2020, 68.9% of FQHCs screened patients for any social risk factors. Characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of screening adoption included having high proportions of patients best served in a language other than English (18.8 percentage point [PP] increase, 95% CI: 6.0, 31.6) and being larger in size (10.3 PP increase, 95% CI: 0.7, 20.0). Having higher proportions of uninsured patients (14.2 PP decrease, 95% CI: −25.5, −0.3) and participating in Medicaid‐managed care contracts (7.3 PP decrease, 95% CI: −14.2, −0.3) were associated with lower screening likelihood. Among screening FQHCs, the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks, and Experiences (PRAPARE) was the most common tool (47.1%). Among non‐screening FQHCs, common barriers to using a standardized tool included lack of staff training to discuss social issues (25.2%), inability to include screening in patient intake (21.7%), and lack of funding for addressing social needs (19.2%).

Conclusions

Though most FQHCs screened for social risk factors in 2020, various barriers have prevented nearly 1 in 3 FQHCs from adopting a screening tool. Policies that provide FQHCs with resources to support training and workflow changes may increase screening uptake and facilitate engagement with other sectors.
Target Setting in Hierarchies: The Role of Middle Managers
Authors: BOUWENS JAN , HOFMANN CHRISTIAN , SCHWAIGER NINA
Published: September 2023

We explore how a supervisor's hierarchical rank affects the extent to which employees’ targets reflect their past performance. Literature documents that supervisors do not fully ratchet targets for past performance, arguably because the commitment not to penalize successful employees with more difficult targets alleviates the severity of the ratchet effect. We argue that commitment is less credible in organizational hierarchies where a middle manager sets employees’ targets. Using data from an organization comprised of three hierarchical layers, we consistently find that a middle manager's exposure to performance pressure is positively associated with the ratcheting of the employees’ targets. Moreover, we show that management at headquarters reduces a middle manager's performance pressure when most of her employees missed their targets in the previous period. Overall, the results imply that the hierarchical rank is an important determinant of the credibility of a supervisor's commitment to deemphasize past performance in target setting.
Review of the Macrophya regia group (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from China with the descriptions of two new species
Authors: Li Ze‐Jian , Liu Meng‐Meng , Wei Mei‐Cai , Zhu Chao‐Dong
Published: September 2023

The Macrophya regia group is reviewed and five species are recognized from China, among them two new species, M. acutiserrula Li, Liu & Wei sp. nov. and M. frontalis Li, Liu & Zhu sp. nov., and three known species, M. regia Forsius , M. maculoclypeatina Wei et al. 2003, and M. xiaoi Wei et al. 2003. A key to the Chinese species of the Macrophya regia group are provided.
Fine Structure of Cardiac Sarcomeres in the Black Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans
Authors: Kim Hoon , Moon Myung‐Jin
Published: September 2023

Fine structural characteristics of the cardiac muscle and its sarcomere organization in the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The arrangement of cardiac muscle fibers was quite similar to that of skeletal muscle fibers, but they branched off at the ends and formed multiple connections with adjacent cells. Each cell contained multiple myofibrils and an extensive dyadic sarcotubular system consisting of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T‐tubules. Thin and thick myofilaments were highly organized in regular repetitive arrays and formed contractile sarcomeres. Each repeating band unit of the sarcomere had three apparent striations, but the H‐zone and M‐lines were not prominent. Myofilaments were arranged into distinct sarcomeres defined by adjacent Z‐lines with relatively short lengths of 2.0 μm to 3.3 μm. Cross sections of the A‐band showed hexagon‐like arrangement of thick filaments, but the orbit of thin filaments around each thick filament was different from that seen in other vertebrates. Although each thick filament was surrounded by 12 thin filaments, the filament ratio of thin and thick myofilaments varied from 3:1 to 5:1 because thin filaments were shared by adjacent thick filaments.
Household vaping bans and youth e‐cigarette use
Authors: Staff Jeremy , Mongilio Jessica M. , Maggs Jennifer L. , Vuolo Mike , Kelly Brian C.
Published: September 2023

Aims

The aims of this study were to measure whether household bans on vaping were associated with lower odds of youth past‐month vaping when compared with (1) otherwise similar youth whose households did not have a vaping ban (using coarsened exact matching); and (2) themselves in waves when their household did not have a ban (using hybrid panel models). We used the same analytical strategies to examine cross‐sectional associations between household smoking bans and adolescents’ past‐month cigarette smoking.

Design

This was a longitudinal study using data from a nationally representative sample of youth (age 12–17 years) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Setting

United States of America.

Participants

A total of 16 214 adolescents followed over 48 103 total observations (approximately three waves).

Measurements

Measurements comprised youth past‐month e‐cigarette and cigarette use and parent‐reported household bans on vaping and smoking. Potential confounders were prior adolescent smoking, vaping, and other nicotine product use; parent current smoking, vaping, and other nicotine use; adolescent peer e‐cigarette/cigarette use; parental monitoring; and demographic characteristics.

Findings

Before matching, smoking bans were associated with 46% lower odds of youth smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41–0.70] and vaping bans with 37% lower odds of youth e‐cigarette use (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.50–0.80). However, households with and without bans differed significantly on all confounders before matching. After matching, household vaping bans were associated with 56% lower odds of youth vaping (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.33–0.58). Results from hybrid panel models also revealed 37% lower odds of vaping in waves when youth lived in a vape‐free household compared to waves when they did not (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.50–0.78). Associations between smoking bans and youth smoking were not statistically significant after matching or when using hybrid panel models.

Conclusions

Household vaping bans appear to be associated with lower odds of past‐month vaping among US adolescents, compared with similar youth whose households did not have a ban and to themselves in waves when their households did not have a ban.
Identifying patients with opioid use disorder using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Osterhage Katie P. , Hser Yih‐Ing , Mooney Larissa J. , Sherman Seth , Saxon Andrew J. , Ledgerwood Maja , Holtzer Caleb C. , Gehring Margaret A. , Clingan Sarah E. , Curtis Megan E. , Baldwin Laura‐Mae
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes are often used in research to identify patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), but their accuracy for this purpose is not fully evaluated. This study describes application of ICD‐10 diagnosis codes for opioid use, dependence and abuse from an electronic health record (EHR) data extraction using data from the clinics' OUD patient registries and clinician/staff EHR entries.

Design

Cross‐sectional observational study.

Setting

Four rural primary care clinics in Washington and Idaho, USA.

Participants

307 patients.

Measurements

This study used three data sources from each clinic: (1) a limited dataset extracted from the EHR, (2) a clinic‐based registry of patients with OUD and (3) the clinician/staff interface of the EHR (e.g. progress notes, problem list). Data source one included records with six commonly applied ICD‐10 codes for opioid use, dependence and abuse: F11.10 (opioid abuse, uncomplicated), F11.20 (opioid dependence, uncomplicated), F11.21 (opioid dependence, in remission), F11.23 (opioid dependence with withdrawal), F11.90 (opioid use, unspecified, uncomplicated) and F11.99 (opioid use, unspecified with unspecified opioid‐induced disorder). Care coordinators used data sources two and three to categorize each patient identified in data source one: (1) confirmed OUD diagnosis, (2) may have OUD but no confirmed OUD diagnosis, (3) chronic pain with no evidence of OUD and (4) no evidence for OUD or chronic pain.

Findings

F11.10, F11.21 and F11.99 were applied most frequently to patients who had clinical diagnoses of OUD (64%, 89% and 79%, respectively). F11.20, F11.23 and F11.90 were applied to patients who had a diagnostic mix of OUD and chronic pain without OUD. The four clinics applied codes inconsistently.

Conclusions

Lack of uniform application of ICD diagnosis codes make it challenging to use diagnosis code data from EHR to identify a research population of persons with opioid use disorder.
Morphology and morphometry of the ulnar nerve in the forelimb of pigs
Authors: Andreis Felipe Rettore , Metcalfe Benjamin , Janjua Taha Al Muhammadee , Fazan Valéria Paula Sassoli , Jensen Winnie , Meijs Suzan , Nielsen Thomas Gomes Nørgaard dos Santos
Published: September 2023

The knowledge of the morphology and morphometry of peripheral nerves is essential for developing neural interfaces and understanding nerve regeneration in basic and applied research. Currently, the most adopted animal model is the rat, even though recent studies have suggested that the neuroanatomy of large animal models is more comparable to humans. The present knowledge of the morphological structure of large animal models is limited; therefore, the present study aims to describe the morphological characteristics of the Ulnar Nerve (UN) in pigs. UN cross‐sections were taken from seven Danish landrace pigs at three distinct locations: distal UN, proximal UN and at the dorsal cutaneous branch of the UN (DCBUN). The nerve diameter, fascicle diameter and number, number of fibres and fibre size were quantified. The UN diameter was larger in the proximal section compared to the distal segment and the DCBUN. The proximal branch also had a more significant number of fascicles (median: 15) than the distal (median: 10) and the DCBUN (median: 11) segments. Additionally, the mean fascicle diameter was smaller at the DCBUN (mean: 165 μm) than at the distal (mean: 197 μm) and proximal (mean: 199 μm) segments of the UN. Detailed knowledge of the microscopical structure of the UN in pigs is critical for further studies investigating neural interface designs and computational models of the peripheral nervous system.
Curettage and colour—A technique for defining tumour depth on the ear in the Mohs and non‐Mohs setting
Authors: Pagliaro Thomas , Read Jazlyn
Published: September 2023

For tumours of the ear that are suspected to involve auricular cartilage, precise definition of the extent of involved deep margin can be difficult. As large resections of cartilage can be cosmetically disfiguring with limited repair options, we propose a simple and effective technique to facilitate a targeted deep margin resection using a curette and a surgical marking pen.
More‐than‐“bird”
Authors: Appel Ariel , Bird‐David Nurit
Published: September 2023

Bird language is an emerging practice among nature‐connection enthusiasts in which practitioners strive to comprehend the signals emitted by birds and other nonhuman beings. This practice shares much with contemporary academic interests in more‐than‐human sociality and foregrounds relational ways of knowing. Beyond merely classifying birds as communicative and social beings, the practice of bird language involves cultivating instinctive attentiveness to their presence, subjective faculty, and relatability. Fieldwork among Israeli practitioners illustrates immersive processes of becoming in‐the‐world with others, emphasizing passionate immersion, nonsymbolic interaction, and sensuous experience over detached observation, symbolism, and categorical knowledge. In this process, relationality becomes ingrained, intuitive, and prerational, a disposition of engaging the world by relating rather than classifying. However, we also observe that both relational and categorical modes of attention are temporary, reversible, complementary, and contextual. We argue for more nuanced ethnology of the dynamic interplay between relational and objectivist/categorical modes of attention.
Parenting desire among men who have sex with men in a heteronormative context
Authors: Cilio Simone , d'Arma Alessia , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The desire for parenthood in the LGBT+ community is still a matter of critical debate worldwide.

Objectives

We aimed to (i) analyse the prevalence of desire for fatherhood in a cohort of white‐European sexually active men who have sex with men and (ii) explore the characteristics of men who have sex with men with respect to those without the desire for fatherhood.

Materials and methods

An anonymous self‐compiled survey with 23 closed socio‐demographic general questions, one section aimed to assess medical history and recreational habits and two sections devoted to investigate genital and sexual health, was provided to each participant. Likewise, all participants were invited to complete a number of questionnaires, including the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire and the Beck Inventory for Depression.

Results

Of 191 men who have sex with men white‐European participants who eventually completed the survey, 112 (58.6%) clearly expressed their desire for fatherhood. Of all, the wish to become a parent was strong in 99 (51.8%) individuals and higher in younger participants (35 [28–46] vs. 43 [32–50] years, p = 0.01). No other significant differences in terms of educational level and relational status were identified between the two groups. Of all, the wish to become a parent was strong in 99 (51.8%) individuals and higher in younger participants (35 [28–46] vs. 43 [32–50] years, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Current preliminary findings highlight that more than one in two men who have sex with men has a desire for fatherhood, with almost 81% of all having a high desire for fathering, which is clearly more intense in younger men.
A morphometric analysis of the retinal arterioles with adaptive optics imaging in RPE65‐associated retinal dystrophy after treatment with voretigene neparvovec
Authors: Kortuem Friederike C. , Kempf Melanie , Merle David A. , Kuehlewein Laura , Pohl Lisa , Reith Milda , Jung Ronja , Ott Saskia , Stingl Krunoslav , Stingl Katarina
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To investigate the changes in retinal arterial architecture after treatment with voretigene neparvovec in patients with retinal dystrophy caused by bi‐allelic mutations in the RPE65 gene.

Methods

Sixteen eyes treated with voretigene neparvovec at the University Eye Clinic in Tuebingen, Germany, underwent adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AO) imaging at baseline and 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Follow‐up was performed in six eyes of four patients. For each eye, five different positions at arterial vessels were selected and the wall‐to‐lumen ratio (WLR), the lumen diameter (LD) and the wall cross‐sectional area (WCSA) were measured by the manufacturer's software over the observational period.

Results

Vast retinal atrophy dominated all gained AO images. WLR fluctuated in the observation period without statistically significant change. LD and WCSA changed significantly after 2 weeks from the baseline examination and returned to values similar to baseline thereafter. There were no signs of inflammation such as macrophages or perivascular accumulated fluid visible.

Conclusion

AO imaging of the retinal vessels in RPE65‐associated retinal dystrophies (IRD) is challenging. There was no change in the retinal arterial vasculature over the observation period of 12 months that would indicate inflammatory changes. Decrease of the LD and WCSA shortly after treatment might be caused by the perioperative prednisolone intake. AO of retinal vessels can be used as a diagnostic module to complement monitoring the disease and effects of genetic treatments if the acquisition is possible in selected cases.
Democratic Spirit, Emotions, Help, and Hope during the Russian war against Ukraine: Experience from the Czech Republic
Authors: Klicperova‐Baker Martina , Urban Marek
Published: September 2023

This study is based on an original eight‐wave longitudinal survey conducted in the Czech Republic (N = 1622, national quota sample). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to create a mediation model to test whether democratic spirit assessed in March 2021 (1 year before the Russian invasion) predicted responses to the major crisis (measured immediately, 2 months, and 9 months after the invasion). The Russian invasion of February 2022 deeply impacted Czech democrats. They reacted by a strong increase in positive emotions toward Ukraine/Ukrainians (e.g., compassion, admiration to courage), a milder increase in negative emotions (e.g., anger) and physiological discomfort. The Russian invasion further strengthened the democratic identity of the Czech citizens which increased their willingness to help Ukraine, both personally and by government. Finally, the democratic spirit of 2021 predicted hope for Ukraine and for Czechia in late 2022 when various crises cumulated. Notably, the direct effect of democratic spirit on future hope was non‐significant unless respondents were concerned with some aid to Ukrainians. Help completely mediated the democratic spirit and was linked to hope. The relationship between democratic values and hope was strong and spanned almost 2 years and cumulated crises. The study suggests that democratic values are significantly related to positive reactions to stressful conditions. The protective effect of the democratic spirit seemed beneficial both to one's health and delivering help to victims.
NRF2 signalling in cytoprotection and metabolism
Authors: Murakami Shohei , Kusano Yusuke , Okazaki Keito , Akaike Takaaki , Motohashi Hozumi
Published: September 2023

The KEAP1‐NRF2 system plays a central role in cytoprotection in defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. The KEAP1‐NRF2 system has been regarded as a sulfur‐utilizing cytoprotective mechanism, because KEAP1 serves as a biosensor for electrophiles by using its reactive thiols and NRF2 is a transcriptional factor regulating genes involved in sulfur‐mediated redox reactions. NRF2 is a key regulator of cytoprotective genes, such as antioxidant and detoxification genes, and also possesses potent anti‐inflammatory activity. Recently NRF2 has been the focus of attention as a regulator of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function. The NRF2‐mediated regulatory mechanisms of metabolites and mitochondria have been considered diverse, but have not yet been fully clarified. This review article provides an overview of molecular mechanisms that regulate NRF2 signalling and its cytoprotective roles, and highlights NRF2 contribution to cellular metabolism, particularly in the context of mitochondrial function and newly‐found sulfur metabolism.
Taming resistant hypertension: The promise of novel pharmacologic approaches and renal denervation
Authors: Azzam Omar , Nejad Sayeh Heidari , Carnagarin Revathy , Nolde Janis M. , Galindo‐Kiuchi Marcio , Schlaich Markus P.
Published: September 2023

Resistant hypertension is associated with an exceedingly high cardiovascular risk and there remains an unmet therapeutic need driven by pathophysiologic pathways unaddressed by guideline‐recommended therapy. While spironolactone is widely considered as the preferable fourth‐line drug, its broad application is limited by its side effect profile, especially off‐target steroid receptor‐mediated effects and hyperkalaemia in at‐risk subpopulations. Recent landmark trials have reported promising safety and efficacy results for a number of novel compounds targeting relevant pathophysiologic pathways that remain unopposed by contemporary drugs. These include the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, aprocitentan, the aldosterone synthase inhibitor, baxdrostat and the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone. Furthermore, the evidence base for consideration of catheter‐based renal denervation as a safe and effective adjunct therapeutic approach across the clinical spectrum of hypertension has been further substantiated. This review will summarise the recently published evidence on novel antihypertensive drugs and renal denervation in the context of resistant hypertension.
Novel specific anti‐ESM1 antibodies overcome tumor bevacizumab resistance by suppressing angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Kang Nannan , Fan Buxi , Sun Yao , Xue Peilin , Liu Yu
Published: September 2023

Suppressing tumors through anti‐angiogenesis has been established as an effective clinical treatment strategy. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is commonly used in various indications. However, two major challenges limit the long‐term efficacy of bevacizumab: drug resistance and side effects. Bevacizumab resistance has been extensively studied at the molecular level, but no drug candidates have been developed for clinical use to overcome this resistance. In a previous study conducted by our team, a major finding was that high expression of ESM1 in bevacizumab‐resistant tumors is associated with an unfavorable response to treatment. In particular, an increase in ESM1 expression contributes to heightened lung metastasis and microvascular density, which ultimately decreases the tumor's sensitivity to bevacizumab. In contrast, the silencing of ESM1 results in reduced angiogenesis and suppressed tumor growth in tumors resistant to bevacizumab. We put forward the hypothesis that targeting ESM1 could serve as a therapeutic strategy in overcoming bevacizumab resistance. In this study, a variety of anti‐ESM1 antibodies with high affinity to human ESM1 were successfully prepared and characterized. Our in vivo study confirmed the establishment of a bevacizumab‐resistant human colorectal cancer model and further demonstrated that the addition of anti‐ESM1 monoclonal antibodies to bevacizumab treatment significantly improved tumor response while downregulating DLL4 and MMP9. In conclusion, our study suggests that anti‐hESM1 monoclonal antibodies have the potential to alleviate or overcome bevacizumab resistance, thereby providing new strategies and drug candidates for clinical research in the treatment of bevacizumab‐resistant colorectal cancer.
A review of recent advancements in Actinium‐225 labeled compounds and biomolecules for therapeutic purposes
Authors: Hassan Maria , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Lodhi Nadeem Ahmed , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Usman Muhammad
Published: September 2023

In nuclear medicine, cancers that cannot be cured or can only be treated partially by traditional techniques like surgery or chemotherapy are killed by ionizing radiation as a form of therapeutic treatment. Actinium‐225 is an alpha‐emitting radionuclide that is highly encouraging as a therapeutic approach and more promising for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Actinium‐225 is the best candidate for tumor cells treatment and has physical characteristics such as high (LET) linear energy transfer (150 keV per μm), half‐life (t1/2 = 9.92d), and short ranges (400–100 μm) which prevent the damage of normal healthy tissues. The introduction of various new radiopharmaceuticals and radioisotopes has significantly assisted the advancement of nuclear medicine. Ac‐225 radiopharmaceuticals continuously demonstrate their potential as targeted alpha therapeutics. 225Ac‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals have confirmed their importance in medical and clinical areas by introducing [225Ac]Ac‐PSMA‐617, [225Ac]Ac‐DOTATOC, [225Ac]Ac‐DOTA‐substance‐P, reported significantly improved response in patients with prostate cancer, neuroendocrine, and glioma, respectively. The development of these radiopharmaceuticals required a suitable buffer, incubation time, optimal pH, and reaction temperature. There is a growing need to standardize quality control (QC) testing techniques such as radiochemical purity (RCP). This review aims to summarize the development of the Ac‐225 labeled compounds and biomolecules. The current state of their reported resulting clinical applications is also summarized as well.
Novel MEIOB pathogenic variants including a homozygous non‐canonical splicing variant, cause meiotic arrest and human non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyu , Hu Kaiqin , Cheng Huiru , Wu Huan , Li Kuokuo , Gao Yang , Lv Mingrong , Xu Chuan , Geng Hao , Shen Qunshan , Cao Yunxia , He Xiaojin , Tang Dongdong , Guo Rui
Published: September 2023

Non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of human male infertility, and the genetic causes of NOA with meiotic arrest remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified novel compound heterozygous MEIOB variants (c.814C > T: p.R272X and c.976G > A: p.A326T) and a previously undescribed homozygous non‐canonical splicing variant of MEIOB (c.528 + 3A > C) in two NOA‐affected individuals from two irrelevant Chinese families. MEIOB missense variant (p.A326T) significantly reduced protein abundance and nonsense variant (p.R272X) produced a truncated protein. Both of two variants impaired the MEIOB‐SPATA22 interaction. The MEIOB non‐canonical splicing variant resulted in whole Exon 6 skipping by minigene assay, which was predicted to produce a frameshift truncated protein (p.S111Rfs*32). Histological and immunostaining analysis indicated that both patients exhibited a similar phenotype as we previously reported in Meiob mutant mice, that is, absence of spermatids in seminiferous tubules and meiotic arrest. Our study identified three novel pathogenic variants of MEIOB in NOA patients, extending the mutation spectrum of the MEIOB and highlighting the contribution of meiotic recombination related genes in human fertility.
The cell‐specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke
Authors: Fadoul George , Ikonomovic Milos , Zhang Feng , Yang Tuo
Published: September 2023

Ischemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post‐stroke, which is comprehensive yet important to understand to optimize management strategies and goals for care for stroke patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the protective effects of Nrf2 in experimental ischemic stroke, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells during acute and chronic phases of stroke and providing insights on the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on each cell type throughout the long term of stroke care. We also highlight the importance of targeting Nrf2 in clinical settings while considering a variety of important factors such as age, drug dosage, delivery route, and time of administration.
Lexically Mediated Compensation for Coarticulation Still as Elusive as a White Christmash
Authors: McQueen James M. , Jesse Alexandra , Mitterer Holger
Published: September 2023

Luthra, Peraza‐Santiago, Beeson, Saltzman, Crinnion, and Magnuson (2021) present data from the lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation paradigm that they claim provides conclusive evidence in favor of top‐down processing in speech perception. We argue here that this evidence does not support that conclusion. The findings are open to alternative explanations, and we give data in support of one of them (that there is an acoustic confound in the materials). Lexically mediated compensation for coarticulation thus remains elusive, while prior data from the paradigm instead challenge the idea that there is top‐down processing in online speech recognition.
Malnutrition in solid organ transplant patients: A review of the literature
Authors: Lorden Heather , Engelken Jessa , Sprang Katrina , Rolfson Megan , Mandelbrot Didier , Parajuli Sandesh
Published: September 2023

Screening for malnutrition is of vital importance for solid organ transplant candidates to optimize nutrition status before transplant, to improve clinical outcomes and to inform selection committees of nutritional contraindications and risks. There are multiple criteria and screening tools available for determining malnutrition diagnosis and risk. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists use these tools for nutrition assessments to quantify the severity of malnutrition, provide patient‐centered interventions, and monitor progression. Many transplant centers in the United States utilize the American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Adult Malnutrition Criteria, though there is limited research using these criteria specifically in the transplant population. Malnutrition, utilizing other diagnostic and screening tools, has been associated with important complications, including longer length of hospital stay, increased mortality, decreased quality of life, worsened end‐stage organ progression, and decreased functional status. Malnutrition typically results from sarcopenia and cachexia, and can ultimately lead to frailty, causing further negative impacts on transplant outcomes. This literature review summarizes the current research on malnutrition in solid organ transplant candidates and provides recommendations for future research and current practice implications.
The health of people attending residential treatment for alcohol and other drug use: Prevalence of and risks for major lifestyle diseases
Authors: Ingram Isabella , Deane Frank P. , Baker Amanda L. , Townsend Camilla J. , Collins Clare E. , Callister Robin , Chenhall Richard , Ivers Rowena , Kelly Peter J.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease and cancers are the leading cause of mortality amongst people accessing treatment for alcohol and other drug use. The current study aimed to examine risk factors for chronic disease amongst people attending residential alcohol and other drug treatment services.

Methods

Participants (N = 325) were attending residential alcohol and other drug treatment services across Australia. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk scores were calculated using established risk estimation algorithms. Differences in existing health conditions, risk factors for chronic diseases and risk algorithms were calculated for males and females.

Results

In addition to alcohol and other drug use (including tobacco use), 95% of the sample had at least one other risk factor for chronic disease. Of participants not already diagnosed, 36% were at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and 11% had a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The heart age of participants was 11 years older than actual age (Mage = 40.63, Mheart age = 52.41). Males had a higher cardiovascular disease risk than females.

Discussion and Conclusions

A large proportion of people accessing residential alcohol and other drug treatment were at risk of chronic disease. Future research is needed that uses objective indicators of physical health. Such research will help to develop our understanding of prevention and intervention initiatives that could be adopted by treatment providers to improve the physical health of their consumers.
Social resilience indicators for pandemic crises
Authors: Busic‐Sontic Ante , Schubert Renate
Published: September 2023

Coping and recovery capabilities in disasters depend to a large part on the social resilience of the societies or regions that are hit by the respective disruptions. Prior disaster studies suggest a variety of indicators to assess social resilience in the natural hazard context. This paper discusses whether the most common disaster‐related social resilience indicators, including social cohesion and support, can meaningfully capture social resilience in pandemic crises, since pandemics typically entail physical distancing and other social restrictions. Based on a review of frequently used social resilience measures, this study proposes pandemic‐tailored indicators of social resilience to map a society's or region's coping and recovery capabilities in a meaningful way. Applying the suggested set of indicators to a sample of 1,500 residents surveyed in Switzerland during the summer 2020 phase of the COVID‐19 crisis revealed low levels of social support and community engagement, but a high level of willingness to help others.
Q&A
Authors: Bethune Kevin , Parsons David M. , Schwartz Robert , Soken Nelson
Published: September 2023

What opportunities or challenges do you see for the future of design management education?
Master's Degrees in Design Management: What's in a Name?
Authors: Herbst Walter , McDonagh Deana
Published: September 2023

You're a manager in a design‐centric company looking to hire someone proficient in product design, development, and management. You post the job—and get resumes from new designers with master's degrees in a dozen differently named programs. Do these people all have the same skills? Don't you wish you were just hiring an MBA? Everyone knows what that means.
Teaching Design to Transform the C‐Suite
Authors: Best Kathryn
Published: September 2023

How can we prepare and protect the designer mindset while we enable aspiring CDOs to survive, provoke, and transform the boardroom of the future?
Co‐Work, Co‐Create, Co‐Innovate: It's the Future
Authors: Wells‐Papanek Doris , Pecoraro Luigi A.
Published: September 2023

These two authors met at DMI's 2016 Academic Conference. Pecoraro enjoyed Wells‐Papanek's approach to integrating creative problem‐solving into the educational process. Wells‐Papanek was intrigued by Pecoraro's perspective on learning, leadership, and innovation with students in the corporate setting. Their conversations led to this article.
Who's (Re)Educating Our Leaders In this Time of Digital Transformation?
Authors: Kraimer Jim
Published: September 2023

If design leaders are supposed to be a catalyst for change, how well are we preparing them for the job? Given today's rate of technological change, how equipped are they to re‐invent their organizations a couple of times during their careers?
Real‐world persistence of initial targeted therapy strategy in monotherapy versus combination therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Exposito Lorena , Sánchez‐Piedra Carlos , Vela‐Casasempere Paloma , Moreno‐Ramos Manuel José , Campos Cristina , Bohorquez Cristina , Manero Javier , Calvo‐Gutiérrez Jerusalem , Rodríguez‐Lozano Carlos , Ruiz‐Montesino Dolores , Busquets Noemí , García‐González Javier , Castrejón Isabel , Alonso Fernando , Bustabad Sagrario , Díaz‐González Federico
Published: September 2023

Objective

The persistence of biologic (b) and targeted synthetic (ts) disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) in monotherapy versus in combination with conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs is still a controversial topic in rheumatic diseases. To clarify this issue, the retention of the initial treatment strategy of b/tsDMARD in combination with csDMARD versus monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients under real‐life conditions was evaluated. Factors associated with maintenance of the initial strategy were analysed.

Methods

Nested cohort study within the Spanish BIOBADASER III registry. Bivariate comparisons and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analyses.

Results

A total of 2521 patients were included in the study. In the multivariate model, the initial strategy of combination therapy was associated with shorter persistence in patients with RA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.58;95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–2.50; p = .049), PsA (HR 2.48; 95% CI 1.65–3.72) and AS (HR 16.77; 95% CI 7.37–38.16; p < .001), regardless of sex, time of disease progression, baseline disease activity, glucocorticoid use or type of b/tsDMARD. Overall, the combination strategy was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.13; 95% CI 1.05–1.21).

Conclusions

In this real‐life study, the strategy of combining a b/tsDMARD with a csDMARD is associated with lower persistence and worse safety profile compared to monotherapy in RA and especially in PsA and AS, suggesting that combination therapy should be rethought as first choice in RA patients, but especially in PsA and AS patients.
Perception, force, and content
Authors: Gregory Dominic
Published: September 2023

Perceptual experiences have presentational phenomenology: we seem to encounter real situations in the course of visual experiences, for instance. The current paper articulates and defends the claim that the contents of at least some perceptual experiences are inherently presentational. On this view, perceptual contents are not always forceless in the way that, say, the propositional content that 2 + 2 = 4 is generally taken to be, as a content that may be asserted or denied or merely supposed; rather, there are perceptual contents such that any mental state or episode which has the relevant content must be one in which things seem to the given subject to be a certain way. Intuitive motivation for the view is presented and an explanatory line of argument in support of it is developed: it is argued that the recognition of inherently presentational perceptual contents allows us to explain certain representational limitations to which ordinary visualizations and other forms of perceptual mental imagery are subject. Some potential objections to the position are explored, leading to further elaboration of it.
Development of actinic lentigines due to multiple sub‐erythemal exposure to UVA1 radiation in Asian skin
Authors: Morita Akimichi , Seité Sophie , Le Dantec Guenaelle , Kerob Delphine
Published: September 2023

The appearance of actinic lentigines mainly found on face, back of the hands, upper back and décolleté is associated with chronic sun exposure. However, there is no study looking at the role of long UVA specifically in the development of actinic lentigines. This study was conducted in 20 Japanese adult women exposed on the upper back area three times per week for 6 weeks to incremental sub‐erythemal UVA1 doses (5 J/cm2 at weeks 1 and 2, 10 J/cm2 at weeks 3 and 4 and 15 J/cm2 at weeks 5 and 6). Clinical assessment, performed on day 0 (before any exposure), and on days 14, 28 and 42, included the evaluation of skin pigmentation (pigmented spots), chromametry of the pigmented skin lesions and measurement of dyschromy. The number of pigmented spots and uniformity of the skin's pigmentation were clearly increased in comparison with baseline, statistical significance of the difference (p < 0.05) being reached at D 28 and D 42 in both cases. In conclusion, repeated sub‐erythemal UVA1 exposure induces the development of actinic lentigines. Thus, a suitable protection including long UVA coverage is also needed to prevent from the damages induced by low, sub‐erythemal doses of UV exposure.
Relationship risk factors for intimate partner violence among sexual and gender minorities: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Sarno Elissa L. , Swann Gregory , Newcomb Michael E. , Whitton Sarah W.
Published: September 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is alarmingly prevalent among sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth (SGM‐AFAB), making it important to identify risk factors that can be targeted in prevention efforts for this population. Although several relationship‐level risk factors for IPV have been identified in different‐sex couples, research on SGM‐AFAB is sparse and predominantly cross‐sectional. The present study used seven waves of data from a longitudinal cohort study of SGM‐AFAB youth (n = 463) to explore relationship factors (relationship quality, destructive conflict, and self‐ and partner‐jealousy) as risk factors for perpetration and victimization of three types of IPV (physical, psychological, and coercive control). At each wave, participants reported on relationship factors and IPV for up to three romantic partners in the past 6 months. Multilevel models tested for associations between the relationship factors and IPV at three levels: between‐persons, within‐persons across time (wave), and within‐persons across relationships. Relationship quality was associated with IPV mostly at the between‐persons and within‐persons (wave) levels. Couple conflict was associated with all IPV outcomes at all levels. Partner jealousy was more consistently associated with IPV victimization; participant jealousy was more consistently linked with IPV perpetration. These novel findings suggest that, within SGM individuals, IPV may be influenced by relationship quality, destructive conflict, and jealousy as they fluctuate within individuals from relationship to relationship and within individuals over time. As such, these relationship factors represent promising potential targets for interventions to reduce IPV among SGM‐AFAB youth.
Continental Scale Hydrostratigraphy: Comparing Geologically Informed Data Products to Analytical Solutions
Authors: Swilley Jackson S. , Tijerina‐Kreuzer Danielle , Tran Hoang V. , Zhang Jun , Yang Chen , Condon Laura E. , Maxwell Reed M.
Published: September 2023

This study synthesizes two different methods for estimating hydraulic conductivity (K) at large scales. We derive analytical approaches that estimate K and apply them to the contiguous United States. We then compare these analytical approaches to three‐dimensional, national gridded K data products and three transmissivity (T) data products developed from publicly available sources. We evaluate these data products using multiple approaches: comparing their statistics qualitatively and quantitatively and with hydrologic model simulations. Some of these datasets were used as inputs for an integrated hydrologic model of the Upper Colorado River Basin and the comparison of the results with observations was used to further evaluate the K data products. Simulated average daily streamflow was compared to daily flow data from 10 USGS stream gages in the domain, and annually averaged simulated groundwater depths are compared to observations from nearly 2000 monitoring wells. We find streamflow predictions from analytically informed simulations to be similar in relative bias and Spearman's rho to the geologically informed simulations. R‐squared values for groundwater depth predictions are close between the best performing analytically and geologically informed simulations at 0.68 and 0.70 respectively, with RMSE values under 10 m. We also show that the analytical approach derived by this study produces estimates of K that are similar in spatial distribution, standard deviation, mean value, and modeling performance to geologically‐informed estimates. The results of this work are used to inform a follow‐on study that tests additional data‐driven approaches in multiple basins within the contiguous United States.
Preparation of nano SiC by carbothermic reduction of silicon cutting waste with phenolic resin
Authors: Jiang Shengnan , Gao Shuaibo , Zhang Baojie , Xu Xiaoxu , Chen Qifan , Xing Pengfei
Published: September 2023

With the vigorous development of photovoltaic industry, considerable amount of silicon cutting waste (SCW) has been generated and aroused a series of environmental problems. Current recycling methods focus on reutilizing the waste to prepare low‐value industrial Si, Al‐Si alloy, SiC block, and so forth. Herein, we have fully utilized the fine characteristic of SCW to prepare high‐value nano SiC particles with an average diameter of ∼30 nm through carbothermal synthesis at 1500°C for 2 h, and under Ar atmosphere. In the synthesis process, the SCW serves as the Si source and the phenolic resin serves as the C source. The synthesis process mainly includes two stages: the pyrolysis of phenolic resin and the synthesis process. The fine particles of the SCW and the pyrolytic carbon from the phenolic resin contribute to the formation of the nano SiC. Besides, the photoluminescence and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) results show that the obtained SiC nanoparticle possesses a special photoluminescence and a favorable thermal stability.
Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in cancer immunity and therapy
Authors: Liu Wei‐Qing , Lin Wan‐Rong , Yan Li , Xu Wen‐Hao , Yang Jun
Published: September 2023

Copper is an essential nutrient for maintaining enzyme activity and transcription factor function. Excess copper results in the aggregation of lipoylated dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT), which correlates to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in proteotoxic stress and eliciting a novel cell death modality: cuproptosis. Cuproptosis exerts an indispensable role in cancer progression, which is considered a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer immunotherapy has gained extensive attention owing to breakthroughs in immune checkpoint blockade; furthermore, cuproptosis is strongly connected to the modulation of antitumor immunity. Thus, a thorough recognition concerning the mechanisms involved in the modulation of copper metabolism and cuproptosis may facilitate improvement in cancer management. This review outlines the cellular and molecular mechanisms and characteristics of cuproptosis and the links of the novel regulated cell death modality with human cancers. We also review the current knowledge on the complex effects of cuproptosis on antitumor immunity and immune response. Furthermore, potential agents that elicit cuproptosis pathways are summarized. Lastly, we discuss the influence of cuproptosis induction on the tumor microenvironment as well as the challenges of adding cuproptosis regulators to therapeutic strategies beyond traditional therapy.