bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 and Vaccine on the Human Nervous System
Authors: Chen Fei , Cao Pingdong , Liu Huimin , Cai Dechen
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has precipitated a global health crisis of unprecedented proportions. Due to its severe impact, multiple COVID-19 vaccines are being developed, approved, and manufactured rapidly. However, some serious adverse events (AEs) were reported after the application of them, significantly increasing concerns about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines and doubts about the necessity of vaccination. Particularly, previous vaccination campaigns have shown us that partial vaccination can induce neurologic AEs. Herein, we discuss in depth the involvement of the nervous system during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after vaccination. On the one hand, COVID-19 could pose an enormous threat to human neurological health through direct infection and indirect neurotoxicity effects. On the other hand, our review indicated that only a few serious neurological AEs following vaccination occurred and among which headache was the most common. Moreover, some neurological AEs do not seem to be related to vaccination. Of course, the causal relationships between several vaccines and AEs are considered plausible, and it is not doubtful that these AEs should be taken seriously by clinicians in assessing the potential risks and benefits of vaccinations in special populations. Nevertheless, in the case of the rapid spread of COVID-19, the potential side effects of vaccination on the nervous system should be compared with adverse COVID-19 outcomes rather than being considered alone. Thus, it is obviously a wise option to be vaccinated instead of suffering from serious adverse symptoms of virus infection.
Disrupted Circadian Control of Hormonal Rhythms and Anticipatory Thirst by Dim Light at Night
Authors: Okuliarova Monika , Dzirbikova Zuzana , Rumanova Valentina Sophia , Foppen Ewout , Kalsbeek Andries , Zeman Michal
Published: March 2022

Aims: Our study addresses underlying mechanisms of disruption of the circadian timing system by low-intensity artificial light at night (ALAN), which is a growing global problem, associated with serious health consequences. Methods: Rats were exposed to low-intensity (∼2 lx) ALAN for 2 weeks. Using in situ hybridization, we assessed 24-h profiles of clock and clock-controlled genes in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and other hypothalamic regions, which receive input from the master clock. Moreover, we measured the daily rhythms of hormones within the main neuroendocrine axes as well as the detailed daily pattern of feeding and drinking behavior in metabolic cages. Results: ALAN strongly suppressed the molecular clockwork in the SCN, as indicated by the suppressed rhythmicity in the clock (Per1, Per2, and Nr1d1) and clock output (arginine vasopressin) genes. ALAN disturbed rhythmic Per1 expression in the paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, which convey the circadian signals from the master clock to endocrine and behavioral rhythms. Disruption of hormonal output pathways was manifested by the suppressed and phase-advanced corticosterone rhythm and lost daily variations in plasma melatonin, testosterone, and vasopressin. Importantly, ALAN altered the daily profile in food and water intake and eliminated the clock-controlled surge of drinking 2 h prior to the onset of the rest period, indicating disturbed circadian control of anticipatory thirst and fluid balance during sleep. Conclusion: Our findings highlight compromised time-keeping function of the central clock and multiple circadian outputs, through which ALAN disturbs the temporal organization of physiology and behavior.
The relationship between wellbeing and job satisfaction of instructors in English Programs
Authors: Adeka Gizem , Mede Enisa
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the relationship between the wellbeing and job satisfaction of English instructors working at language preparatory programs offered by Turkish universities. The study also attempted to explore if any difference between these two variables existed in relation to the teachers’ characteristics, i.e. years of experience, the proficiency level taught and educational degree. Finally, the reflections of the participants about the influential factors on their wellbeing and job satisfaction were further explored in this study. The quantitative data were obtained from 168 participants though teacher wellbeing survey and teacher job satisfaction survey, whereas the qualitative data came from semi-structured interviews carried out with 10 volunteers. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant, positive and moderate relationship between the participants’ job satisfaction and their wellbeing. Besides, no difference was found between the participants’ wellbeing and their teacher characteristics. Similarly, there was no difference between teachers’ predefined characteristics and their job satisfaction. As for the results of the qualitative data, personal, organizational, student-related and pandemic-related factors were found to be influential on the wellbeing and job satisfaction of the participants. The obtained findings provide pedagogical implications and suggestions for further research in language education and teacher development.
Risk management system for the monitoring and control of a small lettuce greenhouse
Authors: Guzmán Juan , Goyeneche Juan , Mosquera William , Ferro Roberto , Aguirre Edgar A , Monje Jhon
Published: March 2022

The management of agricultural risks is a scenario that allows knowing the probable factors that can affect a crop, knowing the variables allow designing control and mitigation of projects in case of any affectation, failure to do so may cause loss of production, the objective This research was the design and construction of a monitoring system for greenhouses that would allow to carry out a small-scale control of the environment, through knowledge of the behavior of the different agroecological variables that intervene in the process, allowing to generate different scenarios For the control of the different variables of nutrition, irrigation, and lighting, it was possible to carry out a set of experiments that showed that the system allows controlling the production in the established time, as well as the effect of the control on the quality of the vegetables.
Modelling minicab drivers' disordered behaviour for choosing passenger and destination in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran Adetayo Olaniyi , Samuel Olorunfemi , Ikpechukwu Njoku
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the disordered behaviour of minicab drivers for choosing passenger and destination in Akure using the multinomial model and nested logit model respectively. Information was gathered by the distribution of questionnaires to minicab drivers plying Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) North gate to Oja-Oba axis in Akure, Nigeria. The objectives were to validate the performance of logit models; to identify the major parameters for selecting passenger and destination by disordered minicab drivers, and to examine the interrelationships of variables employed. Primary data was obtained from 314 respondents. The study found that the nested logit model gives better utility value than the multinomial logit model with ρ02 = 0.48 more than ρc2 = 0.46 which justifies the assertion. Also, the major parameters for selecting passengers and destination by disordered minicab drivers in Akure are transport rates variable, distance variable, and travel time variable. The study recommends that an accurate pricing policy of minicab operation should be efficiently formulated, implemented, and enacted to prevent overcharge and undercharge.
Sustainable supply of aviation fuel in Nigeria: the status quo and the challenges
Authors: Adekitan Aderibigbe Israel
Published: March 2022

Adequate fuel supply and availability are vital for economic sustainability. Aviation fuel accounts for more than 30% of an airline’s operating expenditure. Jet fuel price is one of the factors that determine airfare and airlines’ profitability. Nigerian airlines run on civil grade jet A-1 fuel, and almost annually, the aviation sector is plagued with jet fuel scarcity and the resulting flight delays, rescheduling, and cancellations. Jet fuel scarcity and the escalating cost are products of multifaceted factors that are related to finance, logistics, management, and policy. This study highlighted the operational specifics of the Nigerian aviation fuel sector; it identified various business opportunities that affect air transportation and discusses the main industry challenges responsible for jet fuel price volatility and scarcity in Nigeria. Instability and shortage of foreign exchange (Forex), non-refining of jet fuel locally, and absolute dependence on jet fuel importation are some of the key causal factors. A total revamp of the aviation infrastructure, a review of the current incident of multiple and exorbitant operating fees, and licensing of private and modular refineries for jet fuel production will help address jet fuel scarcity issues in Nigeria.
Example–conclusion map in teaching simple interest: A lesson study
Authors: Ngiwas Fleur De Cory Apasen , Mariano Daisy Lyn F. , Barsana Jayson G. , Cruz Michelle P. , Elipane Levi
Published: March 2022

This study investigated the utilization of example-conclusion map (ECM), a tool in teaching simple interest to senior high school in a university in the Philippines. With the purpose of presenting the topic in a more relevant way to learners under the Accountancy and Business Management strand, the researchers engaged in a lesson study. The following issues emerged: i) Contextualizing ECM links the topic to real life problems; and ii) Strategizing with ECM provides opportunities to engage in deep and meaningful thinking given an otherwise technical/mechanical topic. Students were able to deduce conclusions and create their own examples. The learners were given the opportunities to discover the formula and establish how simple interest is computed through the collaboration. Through the facilitation of the teacher using ECM as a pedagogy, substantive conversations and clear understanding of the topic were evident. Contextualized examples in teaching simple interest still needed to be improved. It is concluded that teaching simple interest through ECM is effective. It also facilitates a transformative topic that will not just underpin concepts on computations and algorithms, but utilize critical thinking skills to analyze profound issues the community deals with like issues on social justice, loaning, and investing.
Exploration of the Indonesian Makassar-Buginese Siri’ educational values: The foundation of character education
Authors: Jamaluddin Asham Bin , Zubaidah Siti , Mahanal Susriyati , Gofur Abdul
Published: March 2022

Character is a crucial aspect of living in society. Character building has been carried out in Indonesia from hundred years ago. The people have improved their way of life by adopting local culture's educational values, such as the Makassar-Buginese Siri’. However, in this era, there is a deterioration of student character as a result of losing Siri' cultural ideals that are rarely found in the field of education. The study aimed to explore the Makassar-Buginese Siri’ educational values as the foundation of character building. This study was designed as a qualitative study using the ethno-pedagogy approach. The data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results have revealed that the Makassar-Buginese Siri’ contains the following educational values: teppe (faith), pesse (compassion), lempuk (honesty, straightening deeds, and intentions), sipakatau (humanizing human), sipakalebbi (glorification of human), sipakainge (reminding each other), sipatokkong (mutual help and mutual support), tongeng (sincerity), reso (hard work), and abbulosibatang (collaboration). In conclusion, the Makassar-Buginese Siri’ educational values play a crucial role in character education to be integrated into the learning process to improve student character.
Development of teaching factory competency-based for vocational secondary education in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wahjusaputri Sintha , Bunyamin Bunyamin
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted to analyze the teaching factory model in vocational high school (sekolah menengah kejuruan/SMK) in Central Java Province, Indonesia according to the teaching factory's success factors. This research used meta-ethnography for qualitative methods and Delphi technique, Research and Development, and social problem-solving models for quantitative methods. This research involved five vocational secondary education in Central Java Province, with 140 students as the respondents. The findings of teaching factory model implementation are applied to school management, human resources, marketing promotion, workshops, laboratories, learning patterns, and business and industry relationships. This model should increase the competency of graduates relevant to business and industry needs in the 4.0 era industry.
A bibliometric analysis of the graduate employability research trends
Authors: Masduki Nor Amirah , Mahfar Mastura , Senin Aslan Amat
Published: March 2022

Graduate employability has received considerable attention over the years, owing to the labor market’s desire for highly skilled graduates. This study was to examine trends in graduate employability research from 1986 to 2020 through the use of a standard bibliometric procedure. During the study period, as many 343 documents were yielded from the Scopus database. The findings indicated that the relative growth rate of published article was 69 documents per year on average. Geographically, the United Kingdom ranked first as the most productive country, with 104 articles published. Between 2000-2010, the employability topic focused primarily on the role of higher education in providing appropriate career guidance and strategy development for graduates from both public and private institutions seeking employment. Between 2011-2019, the focus shifted to employability skills, work-integrated learning, and curriculum designs that are connected to the long-term enhancement of graduate employability and its impact on career goals. The findings of this study indicate a significant increase in graduate employability literature, as well as a significant number of citations. Academic researchers are encouraged to pursue development strategies that result in successful graduates finding employment in the labor market. This paper is innovative in that it identifies a trend and future for research in the field of employability.
Somite size variation during copepodid development of podoplean copepods
Authors: Ferrari Frank D. , von Vaupel Klein J. Carel
Published: March 2022

Reports of podoplean first copepodids with more or fewer than the ancestral two narrow somites are considered. On some poecilostomatoids, the fourth and fifth thoracic somites, and the anal somite appear narrow on the first copepodid. Further development of the body during the copepodid phase includes only transformations or additions of narrow somites. Some caligid siphonostomatoids also have the same three narrow somites on the first copepodid. Reanalysis of their copepodid development indicates not only transformations and additions of narrow somites but also the incorporation of broad somites into the cephalothorax, and a failure to form the middle and posterior limbless abdominal somites. Support for one narrow somite on the first copepodid is unconvincing.
The goneplacid crabs (Decapoda, Brachyura) of Raoul Serène and Kasim Moosa, including a new species and genus from Indonesia
Authors: Ng Peter K. L.
Published: March 2022

A previously unreported collection of small goneplacid crabs from Indonesia and Australia belonging to Raoul Sèrene and Kasim Moosa is documented herein. Five taxa are reported, including a new species and genus, Kingelus kasimi gen. et sp. nov., from the Moluccas, Indonesia. The new genus differs markedly from allied genera like Carcinoplax, Pycnoplax and Menoplax by its distinctive carapace and gonopod morphology. The range of Pedroplax megalops (Takeda, 1989) is also extended to Indonesia and the Philippines, with Paragoneplax serenei (Zarenkov, 1972) being a new Australian record.
Phasmarhabditis thesamica n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a new slug nematode from southern slope of Caucasus, Georgia
Authors: Gorgadze Oleg , Troccoli Alberto , Fanelli Elena , Tarasco Eustachio , De Luca Francesca
Published: March 2022

Phasmarhabditis thesamica n. sp., belonging to the family Rhabditidae, was isolated from the bodies of the invasive slug, Deroceras reticulatum in Georgia. Nematodes of this genus have never been recorded previously in Georgia. Phasmarhabditis thesamica n. sp. was characterised at morphological, morphometrical and molecular level. Females are 2052 (1863-2241) μm long, lateral fields consisting of three protruding central ridges and four incisions. The vulval opening is in the middle of the body. The tail is conical, long, tapering to a filiform tip, with prominent rod-shaped phasmids. The reproductive system is didelphic-amphidelphic. Males are 1301 (1123-1456) μm long, with an open peloderal bursa, which is supported by nine pairs of genital papillae 1 + 1 + 1/2 + 1 + 3, and two phasmids located close to tail tip. The molecular phylogeny of P. thesamica n. sp. inferred by using ITS, D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene and the 18S rRNA gene revealed close relationships with P. clausiliiae, with high support.
Oral Roberts
Authors: McBain Robert D.
Published: March 2022

The religious economy paradigm sees churches as firms, pastors as marketers, and church members as consumers whose tastes shape the goods and services the ministers offer. Religious innovators operate within this framework as suppliers who thrive because they react quickly to changing cultural and social conditions. This article argues that Oral Roberts was a religious innovator who operated and thrived within this environment because he quickly reacted to changing cultural and social conditions and resourcefully supplied and packaged his spiritual products in ways that resonated with his followers’ needs and tastes.
Sanctioning Perpetrators of International Crimes: A Vignette Study
Authors: Bijleveld Catrien , Blažević Margareta , Gelvez Diana Bociga , Buljubasic Mirza
Published: March 2022

Limited research has been devoted to factors impacting the perceived justness of sentences for international crimes. We presented respondents with a vignette in which such a hypothetical crime was described, as well as some contextual information; in the vignette, the perpetrator received a sentence that was based on similar historical cases. In the study, the rank of the perpetrator, the apology by the perpetrator, and the location of the trial (in the country where the crime was committed or at the International Criminal Court) were manipulated. Respondents were asked whether they believed the sentence was just or whether they would hand down a different sentence. Qualitative questions were included to elucidate respondents’ choices. Our mixed methods analyses reveal how apology, over and above strong geographic differences, plays a significant and dominant role in perceived justness.
Coexistence of two newt species in a transition zone of range overlap
Authors: Arntzen Jan W.
Published: March 2022

Theory suggests that spatial segregation of similar, co-occurring species may be driven by alternative innate life history and dispersal strategies, and that it operates through catastrophic events. An inventory of the evolutionary closely related small-bodied newts Lissotriton helveticus and L. vulgaris in the northwest of France demonstrated the species’ spatial partitioning, with L. vulgaris dominating in two pond-rich and historically disturbed coastal areas and L. helveticus prevailing inland where ponds are sparser. Population numbers were followed over several decades (1975–2021) in a pond within the narrow (ca. 2000 m wide) species transition zone. Early in the temporal survey (1986) a massive die-off was observed of two-third of the L. helveticus breeding population from a late frost event. Yet, the contribution of L. helveticus to the newt assemblage was more or less stable around 60%, even though the total population size fluctuated by an order of magnitude. Lissotriton vulgaris and a third species, Ichthyosaura alpestris, made up ca. 30% and 10% of the total till 1993, after which date their relative contributions reversed. These data suggest that a state shift may have occurred among the latter two species and that the assumed two-species dynamics of Lissotriton underlying the study has been an oversimplification. The local decline of L. vulgaris is paralleled by the loss of well-vegetated ponds from the wider agricultural terrain that affects this species more than L. helveticus and I. alpestris.
The Law Applicable to Succession, Between Unity and Splitting of the Relevant Legal Regime
Authors: Marongiu Buonaiuti Fabrizio
Published: March 2022

The author comments on a recent judgment by the Corte di Cassazione (Sezioni Unite Civili) touching upon particularly significant issues of private international law in matters of succession. A central issue in the judgment under review lies in the role of renvoi as an instrument of coordination between national conflict-of-laws systems. This is particularly critical in succession matters, in cases where the choice-of-law rules of the countries concerned are inspired by the opposite systems of unity rather than splitting of succession. Alongside renvoi, the judgment under review touches upon other important issues of private international law, such as characterization and the requirements for a valid optio legis by the deceased. As the author notes, while the case, due to temporal reasons, was decided pursuant to Italian private international law rules in matters of succession, comparable results would have probably been reached based on the choice-of-law rules embodied in the European Succession Regulation No. 650/2012.
Italy’s Exercise of Foreign Investment Screening Power against Chinese Takeover
Authors: Lampo Giuliana
Published: March 2022

In March 2021, Italy vetoed the acquisition of an Italian company operating in the field of semiconductors by a Chinese group. It did so by using its so-called golden power, meaning the power to interfere with the management of companies to protect strategic economic sectors, introduced in 2012 and substantially revised in 2019 and 2020. The present comment offers an evaluation of the compatibility of Italy’s inward investment screening powers with international law norms on the promotion and protection of foreign investments by trying to outline the limits posed by the latter on domestic foreign investment screening mechanisms.
Multimodel Errors and Emergence Times in Climate Attribution Studies
Authors: Naveau Philippe , Thao Soulivanh
Published: March 2022

Global climate models, like any in silico numerical experiments, are affected by different types of bias. Uncertainty quantification remains a challenge in any climate detection and attribution analysis. A fundamental methodological question is to determine which statistical summaries, while bringing relevant signals, can be robust with respect to multimodel errors. In this paper, we propose a simple statistical framework that significantly improves signal detection in climate attribution studies. We show that the complex bias correction step can be entirely bypassed for models for which bias between the simulated and unobserved counterfactual worlds is the same as between the simulated and unobserved factual worlds. To illustrate our approach, we infer emergence times in precipitation from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 archives. The detected anthropogenic signal in yearly maxima of daily precipitation clearly emerges at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In addition, no CMIP model seems to outperform the others and a weighted linear combination of all improves the estimation of emergence times.

Significance Statement

We show that the bias in multimodel global climate simulations can be efficiently handled when the appropriate metric is chosen. This metric leads to an easy-to-implement statistical procedure based on a checkable assumption. This allows us to demonstrate that optimal convex combinations of CMIP outputs can improve the signal strength in finding emergence times. Our data analysis procedure is applied to yearly maximum of precipitation from CMIP5 and CMIP6 databases. The attribution of the anthropogenic forcing clearly emerges in extreme precipitation at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
The Effects of Soil Representation in WRF–CLM on the Atmospheric Moisture Budget
Authors: Dennis Eli J. , Berbery E. Hugo
Published: March 2022

Soil hydrophysical properties are necessary components in weather and climate simulation, yet the parameter inaccuracies may introduce considerable uncertainty in the representation of surface water and energy fluxes. This study uses seasonal coupled simulations to examine the uncertainties in the North American atmospheric water cycle that result from the use of different soil datasets. Two soil datasets are considered: the State Soil Geographic dataset (STATSGO) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Modeling (GSDE) from Beijing Normal University. Two simulations are conducted from 1 June to 31 August 2016–18 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4 and applying each soil dataset. It is found that changes in soil texture lead to statistically significant differences in daily mean surface water and energy fluxes. The boundary layer thermodynamic structure responds to these changes in surface fluxes resulting in differences in mean CAPE and CIN, leading to conditions that are less conducive for precipitation. The soil-texture-related surface fluxes instigate dynamic responses as well. Low-level wind fields are altered, resulting in differences in the associated vertically integrated moisture fluxes and in vertically integrated moisture flux convergence in the same regions. Through land–atmosphere interactions, it is shown that soil parameters can affect each component of the atmospheric water budget.
Campaign Problems: How Fans React to Taylor Swift’s Controversial Political Awakening
Authors: Driessen Simone
Published: March 2022

This study examines how the fandom of pop star Taylor Swift negotiates her ‘political’ awakening, after politically coming-out via Instagram in 2018. When Swift announced her vote for two Democratic senators, (international) media and her fandom considered it controversial. Swift, unlike many other pop-singers, had never publicly expressed her political views, until 2018. Yet, doing so put her on the map as a potential celebrity politician (CP): a celebrity who is fighting for a particular interest or certain political outcome, while holding a certain political influence over an audience. By scrutinizing how her fandom, the “Swifties,” deal with their idol’s political revelations, this study offers a granular insight into the intersection between celebrity, fandom, and political culture. Drawing on a content analysis of fan-interviews and online comments, this study illustrates how fans negotiate Swift’s transition from popstar to CP. It demonstrates how fans consider Swift’s political coming-out: On the one hand, they think it is a potential career-strategy of Swift, to lift her persona from singer to strategic “business” woman. On the other hand, the fans consider it a “must” for pop stars in today’s political climate to express where they stand politically. This discussion highlights that the how of Swift’s message, and not just the what or why, are of importance in understanding her position as a CP. Therewith, this study illustrates how fans make sense of today’s politics through the celebrity persona—potentially putting an even greater burden on the shoulders of today’s stars.
Design and analysis of hybrid stepping motors with integrated planetary gear trains
Authors: Chen Guan-Chen , Wang Shao-Yu
Published: March 2022

This work presents a novel integrated device that combines a hybrid stepping motor (HSM) and a planetary gear train (PGT) reducer as a compact structural assembly. In this study, a systematic design process was developed to efficiently implement the integrated device. By applying the gear profile on the rotor and the stator, a 9:1 two stages PGT reducer is integrated with a standard 42 type 2-pole stepping motor. The quadratic interpolation method was applied to derive the optimal design of the geometric configurations of the HSM. The electromagnetic characteristics and output performance of the integrated device, including flux linkage, back-emf constant, holding torque, and output torque, were analysed. Finally, the output performance between an existing design and the novel integrated design were compared. The two designs had similar output and holding torque, but the torque ripple was approximately 44.7% lower in the integrated device from 30% to 16.6%. In addition, the axial space arrangement was reduced by 5.2% from 67.7mm to 64.1 5mm, and the torque density was improved by 4.4%.
Adolescent bystanders’ moral emotions in cyberbullying
Authors: Hong Yea-Ji , Lee Kangyi
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the current study was to extensively investigate not only bystander roles but also individual bystanders’ moral emotional responses in the context of cyberbullying based on the perpetrator's perceived popularity and the message type. Data from 566 adolescents in grade 7 attending six middle schools in South Korea were used to identify their bystander behavior and moral emotions in response to vignettes about cyber scenarios. Using latent profile analysis, the current study identified five types of bystanders: limited bystanders, pro-bullies, outsiders, defenders, and inconsistent bystanders. Moreover, multinomial logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictive power of the moral emotions of each bystander type. The findings indicated the importance of understanding bystanders’ roles for designing effective intervention strategies regarding moral emotions, leading to adolescents’ improved moral sensitivity.
Bringing the Manager Back Into Management Scholarship
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Audretsch David B. , Flammer Caroline , Meyer Klaus E. , Peng Mike W. , Teece David J.
Published: March 2022

The manager is often neglected in management scholarship. Although we are not the first to call for renewed attention to managers, given the rapidly evolving state of the environment in which firms operate, it seems an apropos moment to reflect on the importance of managers and remind ourselves to incorporate them into our ideas, relationships, and theories. We provide reasons for the current state of affairs and offer four actionable recommendations for making the manager a more central character in our research planning, execution, and dissemination: (1) listen to managers, (2) develop and test theories that include the manager explicitly, (3) conduct research at multiple levels of analysis and using multiple methods, and (4) find synergies across seemingly competing academic engagements.
Olfactory Outcomes After Middle Turbinate Resection in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Hsu Pei‐Yuan , Hsieh Li‐Chun , Wang Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Shiu‐Jau , Chan Yun‐Kai , Shen Kuang‐Hsuan , Wang Ying‐Piao
Published: March 2022

Objective

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is safe and effective for sellar and parasellar tumor removal. Partial middle turbinate (MT) resection is sometimes performed to optimize the surgical field and facilitate postoperative care. Disturbances in olfaction are concerning because of the lack of randomized studies in this field.

Study Design

Prospective randomized trial.

Setting

Single academic medical center.

Methods

We resected the lower halves of bilateral MTs in the resected group and laterally fractured bilateral MTs in the preserved group. Olfactory outcomes and sinonasal conditions were assessed by using the validated Taiwan Smell Identification Test and Lund‐Kennedy Endoscopy Score, respectively. Forty‐nine patients were enrolled in the final analysis, of whom 23 underwent partial MT resection.

Results

The average Taiwan Smell Identification Test result was 36.9 one month after surgery, with a significant change of −4.4 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD; P <. 01) from baseline. The impact was not significant at 3 months (−2.1 ± 2.6, P =. 13) or 6 months (0.3 ± 2.0, P =. 79). Between the MT resection and preservation groups, there were no significant differences at postoperative 1 month (P =. 60), 3 months (P =. 86), and 6 months (P >. 99). Lund‐Kennedy Endoscopy Score was still higher at 3 months (P =. 006) after surgery but returned to the preoperative level at 6 months (P =. 63).

Conclusions

Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery may affect olfaction at 1 month after surgery, and olfactory function is expected to return after 3 months. Partial MT resection did not result in additional olfactory loss. It is safe to perform partial MT resection during surgery without compromising the olfactory outcomes.
Evidence‐Based Medicine in Otolaryngology, Part XIII: Health Disparities Research and Advancing Health Equity
Authors: Megwalu Uchechukwu C. , Raol Nikhila P. , Bergmark Regan , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba , Brenner Michael J.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To provide a contemporary resource for clinicians and researchers on health equity research and implementation strategies to mitigate or eliminate disparities in health care.

Data Sources

Published studies and literature on health disparities, applicable research methodologies, and social determinants of health in otolaryngology.

Review Methods

Literature through October 2021 was reviewed, including consensus statements, guidelines, and scientific publications related to health care equity research. This research focus provides insights into existing disparities, why they occur, and the outcomes of interventions designed to resolve them. Progress toward equity requires intentionality in implementing quality improvement initiatives, tracking data, and fostering culturally competent care. Priority areas include improving access, removing barriers to care, and ensuring appropriate and effective treatment. Although research into health care disparities has advanced significantly in recent years, persistent knowledge gaps remain. Applying the lens of equity to data science can promote evidence‐based practices and optimal strategies to reduce health inequities.

Conclusions

Health disparities research has a critical role in advancing equity in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. The phases of disparities research include detection, understanding, and reduction of disparities. A multilevel approach is necessary for understanding disparities, and health equity extensions can improve the rigor of evidence‐based data synthesis. Finally, applying an equity lens is essential when designing and evaluating health care interventions, to minimize bias.

Implications for Practice

Understanding the data and practices related to disparities research may help promote an evidence‐based approach to care of individual patients and populations, with the potential to eventually surmount the negative effects of health care disparities.
Weaving KidLit into Professional Learning for Gifted Educators: Shifting Perspectives and Coaching for Equitable Practices
Authors: Lewis Katie , Novak Angela M.
Published: March 2022

Children’s literature (KidLit) is an effective strategy for fostering a classroom culture which embraces cultural diversity and builds understanding amongst students; professional learning (PL) communities can use KidLit as the basis for their discussion. A common read provides an opportunity to enrich PL communities and allow teachers to build on a shared experience to foster discussion. The key to using KidLit is to gather carefully selected pieces which are well timed and strategically inserted. Viewing areas of everyday racism through the eyes of children is a highly effective way to address areas of multiculturalism. Literature provides an avenue to explore diversity through a safe means, opening participants’ minds to various points of view and challenging preconceived ideas. This article discusses the benefit of using KidLit in PL with teachers of the gifted, and shares a step-by-step implementation plan for building- or district-level PL.
COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients: a narrative review
Authors: Seneviratne Suranjith L , Yasawardene Pamodh , Wijerathne Widuranga , Somawardana Buddhika
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected over 220 million individuals worldwide, and has been shown to cause increased disease severity and mortality in patients with active cancer versus healthy individuals. Vaccination is important in reducing COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality. Thus, the aim of this article was to review the existing knowledge on effectiveness, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer. Fifty-four articles were included following a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases for studies published between January 2020 and September 2021 that investigated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer. Immunogenicity of vaccines was found to be lower in patients with cancer versus healthy individuals, and humoral immune responses were inferior in those with haematological versus solid cancers. Patient-, disease-, and treatment-related factors associated with poorer vaccine responses should be identified and corrected or mitigated when possible. Consideration should be given to offering patients with cancer second doses of COVID vaccine at shorter intervals than in healthy individuals. Patients with cancer warrant a third vaccine dose and must be prioritized in vaccination schedules. Vaccine adverse effect profiles are comparable between patients with cancer and healthy individuals.
Factors Associated With a Prolonged Time to Return to Play After a Concussion
Authors: Wang Eric X. , Hwang Calvin E. , Nguyen Jessica N. , Segovia Nicole A. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Kussman Andrea
Published: March 2022

Background:

Prognosticating recovery times for individual athletes with a concussion remains a challenge for health care providers. Several preinjury and postinjury factors have been proposed to be predictive of prolonged return-to-play (RTP) times, but the data in this area are still sparse.

Purposes:

This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with prolonged recovery times and determine which are most predictive of prolonged recovery times in a head-to-head comparison.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All concussions occurring between September 2017 and August 2020 at a single National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I institution were reviewed and included in this study. Preinjury modifiers including age, sex, sport, concussion history, and past medical problems were collected from the electronic medical records. Postinjury modifiers analyzed included initial and follow-up Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition scores, vestibular evaluation findings, and eye tracking results.

Results:

A total of 159 athletes and 187 concussion cases were included. Preinjury factors that were correlated with prolonged RTP times included a history of concussions ( P = .015), a history of migraines ( P = .013), and whether an athlete participated in an individual sport ( P = .009). Postinjury factors correlated with prolonged RTP times included the total number ( P = .020) and severity ( P = .023) of symptoms as well as abnormal Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening findings ( P = .002). Overall, 6 different symptoms (balance problems, difficulty concentrating, light sensitivity, drowsiness, fatigue/low energy, and difficulty remembering) were significantly correlated with prolonged RTP times. The study also found that the number and severity of symptoms were additive in a dose-dependent fashion. On multivariable analysis of all these factors, a history of concussions was found to be the most predictive of prolonged RTP times, while participation in an individual sport had the largest effect on recovery times.

Conclusion:

Several preinjury and postinjury risk factors were identified as being correlated with prolonged recovery times. Many of these risk factors were also found to be additive in nature. This information provides clinicians with a valuable tool in prognosticating and estimating recovery times for athletes. The study also revealed that athletes participating in individual sports had longer RTP times compared with athletes in team sports, which is a novel finding that requires further research.
Can religious norms reduce violent attitudes? Experimental evidence from a Muslim–Christian conflict
Authors: Hager Anselm , Sharma Kunaal
Published: March 2022

We study whether religious anti-violence norms can reduce violent attitudes in settings of deep religious divisions. Our study context is a neighborhood in Nairobi with a history of religious violence. We randomly expose 576 Christian and Muslim respondents to anti-violence norms drawn from religious sources and find that the primes reduce violent attitudes by 0.2 standard deviations. We find no evidence, however, that highlighting the norms’ religious source increases their effectiveness. Rather, we show that subjects apply the norms in a literal manner, suggesting that it is the norms’ content that make them effective.
A Robust and Highly Efficient Approach for Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Wharton’s Jelly for Tissue Repair
Authors: Zheng Shengxia , Gao Yanyan , Chen Kai , Liu Yusheng , Xia Ninuo , Fang Fang
Published: March 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord Wharton’s Jelly (WJ-MSCs) are emerging as promising therapeutics for a variety of diseases due to their ability of regeneration and immunomodulation, and their non-tumorigenic and non-immunogenic properties. Although multiple protocols have been developed for WJ-MSC isolation, insufficient cell numbers, heterogeneous cell population, and variations in procedures between different laboratories impede further clinical applications. Here, we compared six widely used WJ-MSC isolation methods regarding cell morphology, yield, purity, proliferation rate, and differentiation potential. Based on these analyses, we identified that the inefficiency of the extracellular matrix digestion results in low cell yield. Thus, we developed a new method called “Mince-Soak-Digest (MSD)” to isolate MSCs from WJ by incorporating a soaking step to facilitate the digestion of the extracellular matrix and release of the cells. Our newly developed method generates significantly higher cell yield (4- to 10-fold higher) than six widely used methods that we tested with high purity and consistency. Importantly, by transplantation of WJ-MSCs to the rat uterus, we repair the endometrial injury and restore the fertility of the rats. In conclusion, our results provide a robust and highly efficient approach for the isolation of WJ-MSCs to restore injured tissue. The higher efficiency of MSD assures the abundance of WJ-MSCs for clinical applications. Furthermore, the reliability of MSD contributes to the standardization of WJ-MSC isolation, which eliminates the discrepancies due to isolation procedures, thus facilitating the evaluation of the efficacy of WJ-MSCs across various human clinical applications.
Bone Regeneration and Angiogenesis by Co-transplantation of Angiotensin II–Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells in Early Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , He Wei , Zheng Hongqing , Zhang Rui , Yang Hao
Published: March 2022

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert a positive impact on osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in preclinical experiments and clinical trials. After the femoral head suffers avascular necrosis, the transplanted MSCs undergo a great deal of stress-induced apoptosis and senescence in this microenvironment. So, survival and differentiation of MSCs in osteonecrotic areas are especially important in ONFH. Although MSCs and endothelial cells (ECs) co-culture enhancing proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and form more mature vasculature in vivo, it remains unknown whether the co-culture cells are able to repair ONFH. In this study, we explored the roles and mechanisms of co-transplantation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-MSCs and ECs in repairing early ONFH. In vitro, when MSCs and ECs were co-cultured in a ratio of 5:1, both types of cells managed to proliferate and induce both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Then, we established a rabbit model of steroid-induced ONFH and co-transplantation of Ang II-MSCs and ECs through the tunnel of core decompression. Four weeks later, histological and Western blot analyses revealed that ONFH treated with Ang II-MSCs and ECs may promote ossification and revascularization by increasing the expression of collagen type I, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the femoral head. Our data suggest that co-transplantation of Ang II-MSCs and ECs was able to rescue the early steroid-induced ONFH via promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which may be regarded as a novel therapy for the treatment of ONFH in a clinical setting.
Hydrophobic modification of water-borne poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun nonwovens for advanced applications
Authors: Bhattacharyya Priyanka
Published: March 2022

A new approach for surface modification of hydrophilic and water-soluble polymeric nonwovens has been investigated. Here, the challenge was to prepare a highly water repelling material from a water-based system. This paradox was resolved by a novel concept of coating chemically reactive water soluble polymers with fluorinated silyl ethers, which was probed with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers. Key for getting high water repellence was the discovery that PVA had to be preheated to 180°C prior to silanization before coating with a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS): n-decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS): ethanol: H2O: HCl. As a result of this surface modification and additional annealing of electrospun PVA nanofibers, highly water repelling nonwovens were obtained which also showed very low roll angles and consequently high dimensional integrity upon contact with water. The nonwovens were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle x-ray analysis, electron microscopy, capillary flow porometry, contact angle measurement, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to gain in-depth insight into the mechanism of the surface transformation.