bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Inclination and Compounds Angles of Round Holes in Staggered Rows on Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness of Vane Suction side
Authors: Abdullah Najdat N. , Nsaif Rashid Khalid
Published: July 2023

The aim of this work is oriented to increase film cooling effectiveness value through numerical investigations for flow of Mach number not more than 0.3 around vane surface, to find the effects of inclination and compounds angles of round holes in staggered rows on adiabatic film cooling effectiveness of vane suction side. Multi cylindrical film cooling hole cases were studied with pitch ratio P/d =2 and 3, local blowing ratios M=0.382, 0.77 and 1.14,  inclination angles a=30° and 45°, compound angles β= 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° and local momentum ratios I= 0.084, 0.34 and 0.756  for better cooling process.

            A numerical technique, using ANSYS-FLUENT version 14.5, was used to solve governing partial differential equations of mass, momentum (Navier Stokes equations) and energy conservations in three dimensions with a  turbulence model that involves the solution of the four transport equations. Based on the results of the numerical solution, the best film cooling configuration, blowing ratio, with the range of actual engine flow conditions, dimensions and vane geometry; density ratio 1.74 , temperature ratio 0.57 and blowing ratio M=0.382, 0.77 and 1.14 was obtained. The best case for inclination angle a=30°, P/d=2 was at M=1.14 and β=0° for the total average effectiveness along 60L/d of surface suction side was 0.616, while the best case for inclination angle a=45°, P/d=2 was at M=0.382 and β=30° for the total average effectiveness along 60L/d of surface suction side was 0.516.

            In addition, comparisons were performed with available other work, where the experimental total average effectiveness results of Dees et al., 2011 were in good agreements with the numerical results of current work with a maximum deviation of 9.9% at I=0.34 and 3.6% at I=0.75.
A Novel Analytical Model to Design Piezoelectric Patches Used to Repair Cracked Beams
Authors: Al-Ashtari Waleed
Published: July 2023

In this paper, an analytical solution describing the deflection of a cracked beam repaired with piezoelectric patch is introduced. The solution is derived using perturbation method. A novel analytical model to calculate the proper dimensions of piezoelectric patches used to repair cracked beams is also introduced. This model shows that the thickness of the piezoelectric patch depends mainly on the thickness of the cracked beam, the electro-mechanical properties of the patch material, the applied load and the crack location. Furthermore, the model shows that the length of the piezoelectric patches depends on the thickness of the patch as well as it depends on the length of the cracked beam and the crack depth. The additional flexibility of the beam caused by crack is modeled depending on a dimensionless parameter identified from finite elements method. Different piezoelectric patches were designed and investigated using analytical and finite elements models. The results show that increasing the patch thickness enhances the beam resistance to crack and load effects, while increasing the length of the piezoelectric patch reduces the magnitude of the voltage required to repair the cracked beam.
Application of Total Quality Management (TQM) Requirements in Risk Management in Construction Projects in Iraq
Authors: Al-Geelawee Entisar K. , Mohammed Anfal Nadhel
Published: July 2023

Total quality management  considers one of the modern scientific entrances  which practiced by productivity service organizations alike to provide appropriate quality required outputs according to the needs and desires of customers manage , enable the organization seeking to continue and grow in light of the increasing competition from the satisfy and provide the appropriate total quality management requirements whenever led to face risks that they may have  in a manner in which they can be addressed and find ways to avoid them in the future when repeated.                                                                                                                                              The research has consist of two main parts firstly have included a review of the most important concepts of total quality management in addition to the concept of risk analysis and management in construction projects and how to apply the concept of total quality management in the risk analysis and management. Second part included the practical part of the research, which was open and closed questionnaire for experts in the construction industry to obtain required informations for the application of total quality management requirements in risk  management in construction projects in Iraq.                                                                                    

One of the main findings of the research is that top management support has a high impact on risk management in addition to continuous improvement, training and education, while the participation of all employees in the organization and constant stimulation and focusing on the customer as one of the total quality management requirements had a moderate impact on risk management.
Passive Design Strategies to Enhance Natural Ventilation in Buildings "Election of Passive Design Strategies to Achieve Natural Ventilation in Iraqi Urban Environment with Hot Arid Climate"
Authors: Kamoona Ghada M.Ismael Abdul Razzaq
Published: July 2023

The natural ventilation in buildings is one of effective strategies for achieving energy efficiency in buildings by employing methods and ways of passive design, as well as its efficiency in providing high ranges of thermal comfort for occupants in buildings and raises their productivity. Because the concept of natural ventilation for many people confined to achieve through the windows and openings only, become necessary to provide this research to demonstrate the various passive design strategies for natural ventilation. Then, research problem: Insufficient knowledge about the importance and mechanism of the application of passive design strategies for natural ventilation in buildings. The research objective is: Analysis of passive design strategies to achieve natural ventilation in buildings, for the purpose of the proper selection of them to Iraqi urban environment. Accordingly, the research included two parts: First, the theoretical part, which dealt with the conceptual framework of natural ventilation and deriving the most important aspects in it, in order to adopted as a base for the practical part of the research. Second: the practical part, which analyzed examples of buildings projects that employed various design strategies for natural ventilation, according to the theoretical framework that has been drawn. The main conclusion is, Necessity to adopt various passive design strategies for natural ventilation in Iraqi urban environment with hot dry climate, as they have a significant impact in reducing the energy consumption for the purposes of ventilation and cooling, as well as for its efficiency in improving air quality in indoor environments of buildings.
Nonlinear Behavior of Self -Compacting Reinforced Concrete Two-Way Slabs with Central Square Opening under Uniformly Distributed Loads
Authors: Al-Ahmed Ali Hussein Ali
Published: July 2023

This research is carried out to investigate the behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) two-way slabs with central square opening under uniformly distributed loads. The experimental part of this research is based on casting and testing six SCC simply supported square slabs having the same dimentions and reinforcement. One of these slabs was cast without opening as a control slab. While, the other five slabs having opening ratios (OR) of 2.78%, 6.25%, 11.11%, 17.36% and 25.00%. From the experimental results it is found that the maximum percentage decrease in cracking and ultimate uniform loads were 31.82% and 12.17% compared to control slab for opening ratios (OR) of 11.11% and 6.25% respectively. Also the results showed that as OR is increased from 0.00% to 11.11%, a signifacant increase in deflection was occured. While the increase of OR from 11.11% to 25.00%, a slighlty decrease in deflection was occured compared to control slab within the entire range of loading starting from first cracking load up to ultimate load. The theoretical part of this research is adopted for both simply supported and clamped ends square slabs according to yield line theory. For simply supported slabs, the results showed a decrease in ultimate uniform loads for OR ranging between 0.00% and 25.00%. While beyond this value, an increase in the ultimate uniform load is occured. In addition, it is found that as OR was increased; the total ultimate load is decreased. Also from the theoretical analysis for clamped end slabs it is found that as OR was increased, both the ultimate uniform load and the total ultimate load were increased.
Determination of Mono-crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module Parameters Using Three Different Methods
Authors: Hahsim Emad Talib
Published: July 2023

For modeling a photovoltaic module, it is necessary to calculate the basic parameters which control the current-voltage characteristic curves, that is not provided by the manufacturer. Generally, for mono crystalline silicon module, the shunt resistance is generally high, and it is neglected in this model. In this study, three methods are presented for four parameters model. Explicit simplified method based on an analytical solution, slope method based on manufacturer data, and iterative method based on a numerical resolution. The results obtained for these methods were compared with experimental measured data. The iterative method was more accurate than the other two methods but more complexity. The average deviation of the iterative method  not more than 5% of current- voltage values with the corresponding experimental data. The average deviation for the other two method 9.3% for slope method and 7.9% for simplifies method.
Optimization of Hole Cleaning In Iraqi Directional Oil Wells
Authors: Abd Al-Razzaq Ayad A. Al-Haleem , Dabbaj Abdul-Aali , Hadi Firas Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Efficient cuttings transport and hole cleaning are very important factors for obtaining an effective drilling operation. In an inclined and horizontal drilling, hole cleaning issue is a common and complex problem.

   The scope of this research is to study the drilling parameters which affect hole cleaning in Iraqi directional wells through studying and analyzing some drilled wells ( vertical , directional (30 degree) , directional (60 degree) and horizontal ).An excel sheet is prepared to calculate carrying capacity index which represents an indicator for good hole cleaning in different sections. The study indicated through the field investigations, practical experiences and theoretical calculations that the most effective drilling parameters for optimum hole cleaning were flow rate, yield point, mud weight, plastic viscosity, rotation of the drill string, and pH.
Application Artificial Forecasting Techniques in Cost Management (review)
Authors: Al-Zwainy Faiq Mohammed Sarhan , Hadal Neran Taher
Published: July 2023

For the duration of the last few many years many improvement in computer technology, software program programming and application production had been followed with the aid of diverse engineering disciplines. Those trends are on the whole focusing on synthetic intelligence strategies. Therefore, a number of definitions are supplied, which recognition at the concept of artificial intelligence from exclusive viewpoints. This paper shows current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) that facilitate cost management in civil engineering tasks. An evaluation of the artificial intelligence in its precise partial branches is supplied. These branches or strategies contributed to the creation of a sizable group of fashions such as difficulty evaluation, interpretation and prediction of various parameters. A list of decided on, updated fashions is provided, that challenge cost control for civil engineering initiatives. The models are analyzed in keeping with the pastime, discipline of operation, enter and output statistics and the techniques and strategies they implant. It will become clean that arterial   Intelligence may be the destiny vital tool for each engineer and it's going to lead to sizable upgrades within the construction area.
Non-Linear Behavior of Strengthened Steel-Concrete Composite Beams with Partial Interaction of Shear Connectors
Authors: Salahaldin Ali Ihsan , Hama Shaho Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

In this research a theoretical study has been carried out on the behavior and strength of simply supported composite beams strengthened by steel cover plate taking into consideration partial interaction of shear connectors and nonlinear behavior of the materials and shear connectors. Following the procedure that already has been adopted by Johnson (1975), the basic differential equations of equilibrium and compatibility were reduced to single differential equation in terms of interface slip between concrete slab and steel beam. Furthermore, in order to consider the nonlinear behavior of steel, concrete and shear connectors, the basic equation was rearranged so that all terms related to materials are isolated in the equation from the main variable (interface slip). The exact solution was obtained by considering appropriate boundary conditions according to load types and location. A computer program has been written using MATLAB R2013a to simplify the process of computation of section properties where the load applied iteratively from zero to ultimate capacity of the beam, and the results are compared with available experimental results which show good agreement.

As the composite section reaches its ultimate capacity in bending and lower flange start yielding due to excessive loading, cover plate are furnished in order to increase load carrying capacity of beam. In the process of strengthening, using of cover plate as a percent of the area of lower flange of steel section equal to 41%, 82% and 164% will increase the beam carrying capacity by 15%, 30% and 43% respectively; also using the same above mentioned area of cover plate will reduce the central deflection by 59%, 72% and 80% respectively.
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips
Authors: Al-Ahmed Ali Hussein Ali , Al-Jburi Mohammed Hazim Mohammed
Published: July 2023

This research is concerned to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The experimental part of this research is carried out by testing seven RC deep beams having the same dimensions and steel reinforcement which have been divided into two groups according to the strengthening schemes. Group one was consisted of three deep beams strengthened with vertical U-wrapped CFRP strips. While, Group two was consisted of three deep beams strengthened with inclined CFRP strips oriented by 45o with the longitudinal axis of the beam. The remaining beam is kept unstrengthening as a reference beam. For each group, the variable considered was the center to center spacing between strips (orthogonal spacing) which are (100 mm, 125 mm and 150 mm). Based on the experimental results it is found that the strengthening deep beams with CFRP strips by the two strengthening schemes, the mid-span deflection was decreased and both first cracking and ultimate loads capacities were increased compared to reference deep beam. For beams having the same spacing between strips, the enhancement occurred by using vertical U- wrapped scheme was somewhat better than using inclined scheme but it needs to use additional numbers of CFRP strips. The percentages increase in first cracking and ultimate loads were (50.0%, 46.0% and 20.5%) and (14.6%, 13.3% and 12.2%) respectively for beams strengthened with vertical U-wrapped scheme. While these percentages were changed to (36.5%, 18.0% and 12.5%) and (12.5%, 10.4% and 8.6%) for beams strengthened with inclined scheme. These results were obtained for center to center spacing between strips of (100 mm, 125 mm and 150 mm) respectively. The analytical part of this research was also adopted using the ACI 440 Code provisions to calculate the additional shear resistance carried by the CFRP strips. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental and analytical results.
Prediction of Monthly Fluoride Content in Tigris River using SARIMA Model in R Software
Authors: Alsaqqar Awatif Soaded , Khudair Basim Hussein , Faraj Rasha Attwan
Published: July 2023

The need to create the optimal water quality management process has motivated researchers to pursue prediction modeling development. One of the widely important forecasting models is the sessional autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. In the present study, a SARIMA model was developed in R software to fit a time series data of monthly fluoride content collected from six stations on Tigris River for the period from 2004 to 2014. The adequate SARIMA model that has the least Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and mean squared error (MSE) was found to be SARIMA (2, 0, 0) (0,1,1). The model parameters were identified and diagnosed to derive the forecasting equations at each selected location. The correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted values for fluoride concentration at the six locations, Al-Karakh, East Tigris, Al-Wathbah, AL-Karamah, Al-Rashid and Al-Wahda WTP intakes, was 0.93, 0.82, 0.86, 0.90, 0.83 and 0.89, respectively. Model verification results indicated that the model forecasting outputs rationally estimated the actual monthly fluoride content in the selected locations.
Galvanic Corrosion of Carbon Steel -Stainless Steel Couple in Sulfuric Acid under Flow Conditions
Authors: Hasan Basim Obed , Al-habubi Naseer Abood , Hussien Samar Saadi
Published: July 2023

Galvanic corrosion of stainless steel 316 (SS316) and carbon steel (CS) coupled in 5% wt/v sulfuric acid solution at agitation velocity was investigated. The galvanic behavior of coupled metals was also studied using zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) method. The effects of agitation velocity, temperature, and time on galvanic corrosion current and loss in weight of both metals in both free corrosion and galvanic corrosion were investigated. The trends of open circuit potential (OCP) of each metal and galvanic potential (Eg) of the couple were, also, determined. Results showed that SS316 was cathodic relative to CS in galvanic couple and its OCP was much more positive than that of CS for all investigated ranges of operating conditions. A sharp increase in galvanic current from CS to SS316 was noticed in the first 20 min and then decrease with time. Increasing the agitation velocity led to increase in galvanic corrosion rate. The decrease in galvanic current is attributed to metal passivation due to the formation of a protective film which grows with time. The minus sign in galvanic current means that the current is flow from CS (anode) to SS316 (cathode). The galvanic current of CS-SS316 couple shifts to the negative direction with increase agitation velocity.
Investigation of Factors Influencing Dispersion of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Porous Media
Authors: Baker Hussain Ali
Published: July 2023

An experimental work has been done to study the major factors that affect the axial dispersion of some hydrocarbons during liquid-liquid miscible displacement. Kerosene and gas oil are used as displacing phase while seven liquid hydrocarbons of high purity represent the displaced phase, three of the liquids are aromatics and the rest are of paraffinic base. In conducting the experiments, two packed beds of different porosity and permeability are used as porous media.

The results showed that the displacement process is not a piston flow, breakthrough of displacing fluids are shown before one pore volume has been injected. The processes are stable with no evidence of viscous fingering.

Dispersion model as adapted by Brigham et.al (1961) is used to determine the axial dispersion coefficient of displacing fluid. The results show an increasing in dispersion coefficient as the interstitial velocity and viscosity ratio increases.
Response of Laced Reinforced Concrete One Way Slab to Repeated Loading
Authors: Allawi Abaas Abdulmajeed , Jabir Hussain Askar
Published: July 2023

Test results of nine reinforced concrete one way slab with and without lacing reinforcement are reported. The tests were designed to study the effect of the lacing reinforcement on the flexural response of one way slabs. The test parameters were considered is the lacing steel ratios of (0, 0.0025, 0.0045, and 0.0065), flexural steel ratios of (0.0025, 0.0045, and 0.0065) and span to the effective depth ratios of (11, 13, and 16). Two specimens had no lacing reinforcement and the remaining seven specimens had the lacing reinforcement. Four point bending test were carried out, one of the specimens was tested under the static load applied gradually up to failure and the other specimens were tested under repeated load (5 cycles) loading-unloading to 80% of the ultimate load of the control specimen then loaded manually by the hydraulic jack up to failure. The specimens showed an improving in ultimate load capacity ranged between (54.54% - 100%) as a result of increasing the lacing steel ratio to (0.0065) and decreasing the span to effective depth ratio by 31.25% respectively with respect to the control specimen. Additionally the using of lacing steel reinforcement leads to reducing the residual deflection by about (57.24%) for the specimen with the largest lacing reinforcement compared with the control specimen (without lacing reinforcement).
Hydraulic Characteristics and Discharge of Canal Sluice Gate: Practical Approach
Authors: Maatooq Jaafar S.
Published: July 2023

Simplifying formulas that are used for calculations and design are the aim of researchers. For present work, the approach to distinguish the flow under sluice gate was conducted in a laboratory. The extensive experimental program was done to collect fifty-four data points for both free and submerged flow conditions. The data included different discharges, gate openings, flow depths at upstream as well as the flow depths represent a tail water and at a contracted section for downstream. The collected data are analyzed according to a problematic that may encounter in the field, to present a more straightforward (but with acceptable accurate) practical features equations and charts. Based on the proposed formulas, five methodologies were introduced as a guide for site engineers and beneficiary farmers. As results, necessary calculations should be followed for the purpose of the successful management of surface irrigation project by an investment of the available water to be delivered with minimizing or preventing head losses to ensure acceptable irrigation efficiency up to the farthest outlets.
Detection and Diagnosis of Induction Motor Faults by Intelligent Techniques
Authors: Kiter Riyah Najim , Ezzaldean Mohammed Moanes , Almashhdany Yousif Ismail , Salim Fuad Lateef
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a complete design and implementation of a monitoring system for the operation of the three-phase induction motors. This system is built using a personal computer and  two types of sensors (current, vibration) to detect some of the mechanical faults that may occur in the motor. The study and examination of several types of faults including (ball bearing and shaft misalignment faults) have been done through the extraction of fault data by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. Results showed that the motor current signature analysis (MCSA) technique, and measurement of vibration technique have high possibility in the detection and diagnosis of most mechanical faults with high accuracy. Subsequently, diagnosis system is developed to determine the status of the motor without the need for an expert. This system is based on artificial neural network (ANN) and it is characterized by speed and accuracy and the ability to detect more than one fault at the same time.
Performance Enhancement of an Air Cooled Air Conditioner with Evaporative Water Mist Pre-cooling
Authors: Jassim Najim Abid
Published: July 2023

The present paper deals with experimental investigation of the performance of air cooled split air conditioner, with evaporative water mist pre cooling to increase the cooling capacity and reduce the consumption power under hot and dry climate. This investigation considers how the performance can be enhanced by using water mist to pre-cool ambient air entering the condensers by adiabatic cooling process which depends on the ambient air wet bulb temperature; as well the condensing temperature and condensing pressure will be decreased accordingly. So the cooling capacity would be increased and consumption power would be decreased, consequently the energy ratio, EER would be improved. The performance of air cooled air conditioner with water mist pre cooling;ECAC was compared to the performance of air cooled air conditioner, ACAC which tested under the same ambient condition that is ranged from 25 oC to 52 oC. Test results show that ECAC operating at EER of 10.5 BTV/W. The ECAC had an EER of 47 % higher than that of ACAC under the same and most serve hot and dry condition of 52 oC and 10% relative humidity.
EFFECT OF PVD AND VACUUM PRESSURE ON SATURATED-UNSATURATED SOFT SOILS
Authors: Aljorany Ala Nasir , Noori Fatema Safaa
Published: July 2023

Soft clays are generally sediments deposited by rivers, seas, or lakes. These soils are fine-grained plastic soils with appreciable clay content and are characterized by high compressibility and low shear strength. To deal with soft soil problems there is more than one method that can be used such as soil replacement, preloading, stone column, sand drains, lime stabilization and Prefabricated Vertical Drains, PVDs. A numerical modeling of PVD with vacuum pressure was analyzed to investigate the effect of this technique on the consolidation behavior of fully and different depths of partially saturated soft soils.  Laboratory experiments were also conducted by using a specially-designed large consolidmeter cell. Five tests were conducted with a vacuum pressure of about 40 kPa applied for a period of 30 days where the degree of consolidation reached 75% based on pore-water pressure distribution.  The results showed that using vacuum pressure with vertical drains reduces the consolidation time by about 68%. Existence of an unsaturated soil layer decreases settlement of soil by about 22%, 32%, 425, 54% as the unsaturated depth increases by 1/8, 1/4, 3/8, and 1/2L respectively and causes a rapid increase in soil pore-water pressure.
Effects of Bedding Types on the Behavior of Large Diameter GRP Flexible Sewer Pipes
Authors: Ali Adnan Falih , Sehaib Raad Abdulkhudhur
Published: July 2023

Flexible pipes, such as GRP pipes, serve as effective underground infrastructure especially as sewer pipeline. This study is an attempt for understanding the effects of bedding types on the behavior of large diameter GRP flexible sewer pipes using three dimensional finite element approaches. Theoretical and numerical analyses were performed using both BS EN 1295-1 approach and finite element method (ABAQUS software). The effects of different parameters are studied such as, depth of backfill, bedding compaction, and backfill compaction. Due to compaction, an increase in the bedding compaction modulus (E’1) results in a reduction of both stresses and displacements of the pipe, especially, for well compacted backfill. An increase of (E’1) from 14MPa to 30MPa results in a reduction in stresses 40% and about 25% in displacements. Maximum reductions in stresses were found to be about 25% only while the reduction in displacement was found to be less than 10%. As backfill material compaction modulus (E’2) is increased from 14MPa to 40MPa, a maximum reduction in stresses within the pipe was found to be not less than 60% while the displacement reduces up to 65%.
Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load and Cyclic Lateral Load
Authors: Abbas Rafaa Mahmood , Awazli Akram Ghulam
Published: July 2023

Columns subjected to pure axial load rarely exist in practice. Reinforced concrete columns are usually subjected to combination of axial and lateral actions and  deformations, caused by  spatially‐complex loading patterns as during earthquakes causes lateral deflection that in turn affects the horizontal stiffness. In this study, a numerical model was developed in threedimensional nonlinear finite element and then validated against experimental results reported in the literatures,to investigate the behavior of conventionally RC columns subjected to axial load and  . lateral reversal cyclic loading. To achieve this goal, numerical analysis was conducted by using finite element program ABAQUS/Explicit. The variables considered in this study were axial load index, concrete compressive strength, column aspect ratio, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratios. According to numerical case studies, the results revealed that axial load index and longitudinal reinforcement ratio have the most impact on the column response. Also, increasing concrete compressive strength and reducing column aspect ratio resulted in increasing strength capacity of the column. Moreover, increasing lateral confinement by transverse reinforcement at the column ends increases the flexural strength of a flexure-controlled RC columns.
Static Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate using New Higher Order Shear Deformation Plate Theory
Authors: Sadiq Ibtehal Abbas , Abdul-ameer Haider Sami
Published: July 2023

In the present work a theoretical analysis depending on the new higher order . element in shear deformation theory for simply supported cross-ply laminated plate is developed. The new displacement field of the middle surface expanded as a combination of exponential and trigonometric function of thickness coordinate with the transverse displacement taken to be constant through the thickness. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved using Navier solution method to obtain the deflection and stresses under uniform sinusoidal load. The effect of many design parameters such as number of laminates, aspect ratio and thickness ratio on static behavior of the laminated composite plate has been studied. The modal of the present work has been verified by comparing the results of shape functions with that were obtained by other workers. Result shows the good agreement with 3D elasticity solution and that published by other researchers.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of an Airlift Pump with Conventional and Modified Air Injection Device
Authors: Alasadi Ali Abdul Mohsin Hasan , Habeeb Ahmed Khalid
Published: July 2023

The effect of air injection device on the performance of airlift pump used for water pumping has been studied numerically and experimentally. An airlift pump of dimensions 42mm diameter and 2200 mm length with conventional and modified air injection device was considered. A modification on conventional injection device (normal air-jacket type) was carried out by changing injection angle from 90  (for conventional) to 22.5  (for modified). Continuity and Navier-Stokes equations in turbulent regime with an appropriate two-phase flow model (VOF) and turbulent model (   ) in two dimensions axisymmetry flow were formulated and solved by using the known package FLUENT version (14.5). The numerical and experimental investigations were  carried out for both conventional and unconventional air-jackets at submergence ratio of 0.75 and air mass flow rate from 0.5, 2, 10, 50 and 85 kg/hr. Comparisons between the numerical and experimental results for both injection devices were made and fair agreements were found and the main results showed that the performance and maximum efficiency of airlift pump is increased for higher mass flow rate of injected air for the tested submergence ratio using unconventional airjacket performance with average enhancement were 9% and 10% for performance and maximum efficiency respectively.
Studying the Adsorption of Lead from aqueous Solution using Local Adsorbent Material Produced from Waste Tires by Pyrolysis
Authors: Abdul-Hameed Hayder M. , Abdul-Kareem Raghad
Published: July 2023

In this research a local adsorbent was prepared from waste tires using two-step pyrolysis method. In the carbonization process, nitrogen gas flow rate was 0.2L/min at carbonization temperature of 500ºC for 1h. The char products were then preceded to the activation process at 850°C under carbon dioxide (CO2) activation flow rate of 0.6L/min for 3h. The activation method produced local adsorbent material with a surface area and total pore volume as high as 118.59m2 /g and 0.1467cm3/g, respectively. The produced . local adsorbent (activated carbon) was used for adsorption of lead from aqueous solution. The continuous fixed bed column experiments were conducted. The adsorption capacity performance of prepared activated carbons in this work was investigated. The results in this study indicated that the produced activated carbon from waste tires was an attractive adsorbent for removal of lead from aqueous solutions. The optimum  values of bed height, flow rate, initial concentration and particle size were found to be 0.04m, flow rate 1L/h, initial concentration 0.5mg/L and particle diameter 0.5mm, respectively.
The Effect of The Utilitarian Need For the High Water Tanks Towers to Sustain Life in the City
Authors: Albadry Amjad Mahmoud a.
Published: July 2023

The service system has become a necessity of life in modern cities to be the most basic necessities of modern humans, they constitute a major base, which is based on the sustainability of life in the city and a standard measured through the degree of well-being and progress of civilized peoples and their interaction with the surrounding environment, making the services sector as a need not be an option, whenever the cities widened in population and space whenever provision of services and upgrading the quality and quantity more pressing, which made the subject of the services takes the biggest area of the trends and thinking of urban planners and those who in charge of drawing the cities policies. Considering that the processing and transfer of the water system with all its components (stations – water tanks -transmission and distribution pipelines), it is one of the most important parts of the services systems in the city. It has become a key element of the arteries of the establishment of life, but for several considerations of most important ( like storage of water and supplied withconstant pressure that balanced without wobbling at the peak daytime hours with the necessary provision of water to fight fires , as well as secured it to the sectors of city  n the maintenance time of the parts of the water system or the occurrence of a failure, with the need to confirm the save and generate energy factor in renewable way). For this in whole and others,  the elevated water towers cornerstone of the pillars of the water system was made that can be indispensable in providing outsourcing and distribution network , and on the grounds that the case study concerning our capital Baghdad and its suffering of the water distribution and pressure intermittent problems, this research aims to clarify the idea of the elevated water tanks have become an important actor and is a part of the process and transport of the water in the city's system, and that its presence in a thoughtful siting and storage capacities and sufficient numbers will reduce the cost of the service system and its problems and provides continuously a constant pressure is to rescue the city from the overtaking problems on the network, while avoiding the problems experienced by interruptions in the water supply process, especially in the summer, which will make the water tanksas a necessary structures and essential elements of attractions for recreational activities and benchmarks functions within the city.
Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Model of PBT/ MWCNTs Nanocomposites
Authors: Sultan Saad Raheem , Abdul-rahman Amer Aziz , Jaafar Ayad Dari
Published: July 2023

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystalline properties of nanocomposites poly butyleneterephthalate, [PBT] /multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PBT/(MWCNTs) nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonicated of MWCNTs (0.5, 1, 2, 4 wt %) in dichloromethane (DCM) and after that the powdered PBT polymer was added to the MWCNTs solution. The non-isothermal crystallization results show that increasing the MWCNTs contents, decreased the melting temperature (Tm) of PBT/(MWCNTs) nanocomposite as compared with pure PBT, while resulting in improving the degree of crystallinity. These results indicated that a little amount of MWCNTs can be evident strong nucleating agent in PBT nanocomposites. Avrami kinetics model results given a good agreement with the frequent investigation. The Kissinger method shows the MWCNTs had a well nucleation effect on the crystallization of PBT, and the enhancement activation energy (Ea) with increased the MWCNTs in PBT/ (MWCNTs) nanocomposite.
Effects of Magnetized Water on the Accumulated Depth of Infiltration
Authors: Al Zubaidy Riyadh Zuhair , Hamza Jinan Namaa , Hindal Amna Sahib
Published: July 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of magnetized water on accumulated infiltration depth. A test rig was designed and constructed for this purpose was installed at the water tests laboratory of the Department of Water Resources Engineering at the University of  aghdad. The investigation was carried out by using two types of soil, different flow velocities throughout magnetizing device and different configuration of magnets over and under the water passage of the magnetizing device. The soils that were used in the experiments are clayey and sandy soils.  Six different flow velocities throughout magnetizing device ranged between 0.29 to 1.19 cm/s and ten configurations of arranging the magnets over and under the water passage of the magnetizing device were used. The magnates are sintered neodymium-iron-boron type. Tests results obtained with magnetized water were compared with those of untreated water. Results showed that magnetizing water increases the accumulated infiltration depth for the two types of soil.  The highest increase in the accumulated infiltration depth is achieved under low flow velocity throughout the magnetizing device and with ten magnets. This highest increase for the clayey and sandy soils was 98.2% and 34.2%, respectively.
Estimation of Lifting Capacity for Selected Wells in Rumaila Field
Authors: Abbas Rafid Kadhim
Published: July 2023

This paper deals with studying the effect of hole inclination angle on computing slip velocity and consequently its effect on lifting capacity. The study concentrates on selected vertical wells in Rumaila field, Southern Iraq. Different methods were used to calculate lifting capacity. Lifting capacity is the most important factor for successful drilling and which reflex on preventing hole problems and reduces drilling costs. Many factors affect computing lifting capacity, so hence the effect of hole inclination angle on lifting capacity will be shown in this study. A statistical approach was used to study the lifting capacity values which deal with the effect of hole inclination angle and those values that do not put the effect of hole inclination angle under consideration. Results illustrated that low hole inclination angles had a slight effect on lifting capacity values , but this study could be used on high inclination angles like directional wells or horizontal wells , hence high hole inclinations angle will yields high effect on  lifting capacity values.
The Impact of Urban Solid Waste Management on Urban Environment
Authors: عبد الوهاب د. خالد , رزقو د. نوفل جوزيف
Published: July 2023

The growing population and the rising standard of living in cities as well as the increased commercial, industrial and agricultural activities around the world led to massive production of waste containing different materials and one of them is the municipal solid waste (MSW), so there is a major problem facing the cities around the world about the waste, how to collect, transfer it and how to discard it. Because the accumulation of wastes, whether in the city alleys or in its squares and especially in its residential areas affect the health of their populations besides this situation will be a major indication of the deteriorating quality of life in the city, as hygiene considered a fundamental criterion for the city beauty as well as an indication of the protection provided by the city to their environment and the level of protection provided to the health of city residence. The accumulated waste which is left in the city without treatment significantly affects the psychological behavior of the residence of these areas towards their community and environment and therefore their behavior towards their regions and their cities. From here emerged the general research problem concerning the modern civilization and its lifestyle that produced great amounts of (municipal solid waste), which became a big problem facing the modern cities concerning their collection, transportation and finally their disposal, how can these great amounts of waste be used whether by recycling, energy recovery or transferring to plant fertilizers ... etc. To serve the sustainable growth of these modern cities, thislead to the specific research problem concerning the lack of clarity concerning the impact of waste collection, transporting and treating and city urban environment and its townscape. Research Hypothesis: The process of collecting, transporting and . treating city solid waste or using it has a great impact on city urban environment and its townscape.
Rotating Ceramic Water Filter Discs System for Water Filtration
Authors: Al Zubaidy Riyadh Z. , Al-Khafaji Mahmoud , Al-Saadi Riyadh J. M.
Published: July 2023

This work aimed to design, construct and operate a new laboratory scale water filtration system. This system was used to examine the efficiency of two ceramic filter discs as a medium for water filtration. These filters were made from two different ceramic mixtures of local red clay, sawdust, and water.  The filtration system was designed with two rotating interfered modules of these filters.  Rotating these modules generates shear force between water and the surfaces of filter discs of the filtration modules that works to reduce thickness of layer of rejected materials on the filters surfaces. Each module consists of seven filtration units and each unit consists of two ceramic filter discs.    The average measured hydraulic conductivity of the first module was 13.7mm/day and that for the second module was 50mm/day. Results showed that the water filtration system can be operated continuously with a constant flow rate and the filtration process was controlled by a skin thin layer of rejected materials. The ceramic water filters of both filtration modules have high removal efficiency of total suspended solids up to 100% and of turbidity up to 99.94%.
Evaluation the Mechanical Properties of Shot Peened TIG Welded Aluminum Sheets
Authors: Al-Abideen Ahmed Ameed Zain , Mohmmed Jabbar Hussein , Mahmood Najmuldeen Yousif
Published: July 2023

A tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is one of the most popular kinds of welding used to join metals mainly for aluminum alloys.  However, many challenges may be met with this kind of joining process; these challenges arise from decay of mechanical properties of welded materials. In the present study, an attempt was made to enhancing the mechanical properties of TIG weld joint of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy by hardening the surfaces using shoot peening technique. To optimize the shoot peening process three times of exposure (5, 10, and 15) min. was used. All peened and unpeened, and welded and unwelded samples were  characterized by metallographic test to indicate the phase transformation and modification in microstructure occurring during welding process. Tensile test and Vickers micro-hardness measurements were performed for all samples to investigate the effect of shoot peening on mechanical properties of welded aluminum.The results indicated a significant improvement in properties for peened welded and unwelded samples compared with those unpeened one. Also, the results showed that the tensile and microhardness properties were increased with increasing the time of exposure to 15 min. due to generation of compressive residual stresses at surface.
hermo-Physical and Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester /Cobalt Ferrite Composites
Authors: Faiq Lamees Salam , Attiyah Zahraa Fadyal
Published: July 2023

Unsaturated polyester was used as a matrix which was filled with different percentages of cobalt ferrite using hand lay-up method. Cobalt ferrite was synthesized using solid state ceramic method with reagent of CoO and Fe2O3. Mechanical properties such tensile strength, Young's modulus and shore D hardness of the composite have been studied. All these properties have increased by 10% with increasing cobalt ferrite contents. Also the thermal properties such thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are highly increased as the ferrite content increased, while the thermal diffusivity increased by 22 %. On the other hand dielectric strength of composite has been measured which increased by 50% by increasing the cobalt ferrite content.
Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite plates with General Elastic Boundary Supports
Authors: Ibrahim Wedad Majed , Ghani Rafat Assad
Published: July 2023

In this investigation, Rayleigh–Ritz method is used to calculate the natural frequencies of rectangular isotropic and laminated symmetric and anti-symmetric cross and angle ply composite plate with general elastic supports along its edges. Each of the admissible functions here is composed of a trigonometric function and an arbitrary continuous function that is introduced to ensure the sufficient smoothness of the so-called residual displacement function at the edges. Perhaps more importantly, this study has developed a general approach for deriving a complete set of admissible functions that can be applied to various boundary conditions. Several numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the current solution with considering some design parameters such as boundary conditions, aspect ratio, lamination angle, thickness ratio, orthotropy ratio, also these results are compared with other researchers and give a good agreement .
Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Rectangular Wing Using Non-LinearVortex Ring Method
Authors: Ali Anmar Hamid
Published: July 2023

The aerodynamic characteristics of general three-dimensional rectangular wings are considered using non-linear interaction between two-dimensional viscous-inviscid panel method and vortex ring method. The potential flow of a two-dimensional airfoil by the pioneering Hess & Smith method was used with viscous laminar, transition and turbulent boundary layer to solve flow about complex configuration of airfoils including stalling effect. Viterna method was used to extend the aerodynamic characteristics of the specified airfoil to high angles of attacks. A modified vortex ring method was used to find the circulation values along span wise direction of the wing and then interacted with sectional circulation obtained by Kutta-Joukowsky theorem of the airfoil. The method is simple and based mainly on iterative procedure to find the wings post stall aerodynamic results. Parametric investigation was considered to give the best performance and results for the rectangular wings. Wing of NACA 0012 cross sectional airfoil was studied and compared with published experimental data for different speeds and angle of attacks. Pressure, skin friction, lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficients are presented and compared good with experimental data. The present method shows simple, quick and accurate results for rectangular wings of different cross-section airfoils.