bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some issues of obtaining the citizenship of the Russian Empire by the Kazakh Khanate
Authors: Botagarin R.B. , Balgimbekova G.U.
Published: January 2023

Today, despite the large number of works and data of domestic historians and other scientists who studied about the citizenship of the Kazakh Khanate of the Russian Empire, there are still different opinions about its causes and consequences. As an additional study of these and other issues, this article tells about the for-mation of the Kazakh Khanate in 1465 after the separation of the sultans Kerey and Zhanibek together with their subordinates and the submission to the Khan Abulkhair, after which the khanate power was perceived by the public consciousness as a symbol of statehood, historical continuity in the organization of society, and an integral part of the world order, a guarantee of the well-being of the entire Kazakh Khanate, and the influence of countries adjacent to the Kazakh Khanate at that time, the incessant attacks of the Dzungarian Khanate, which forced the Kazakh Khanate to make a difficult decision, which later influenced the life of the country, information about Abylai Khan, who managed to unite three zhuzs in the Dzungarian off ensive, the actions of the Kazakh sultans, later the oath of the Russian queen Anna Ioanovna, the entry of the first Russian expedi-tion into the Kazakh land, the construction of military castles, the place of the Kazakh country in foreign po l-icy and general political and social actions in the future on the Kazakh land are given. As a result of the re-search work on this topic, it can be said that altough the Kazakh Khanate obtained the Russian Empire, the Kazakh people always had their own attempts to gain independence, sovereignty and dreams of citizenship.
История становления института суррогатного материнства: социально-правовой контекст
Authors: Сейдинова М.А.
Published: January 2023

Рождение ребенка невозможно или опасно для жизни и здоровья матери при физиологических недостатках, биологической несовместимости супругов, противопоказанности беременности, ряде наслед-ственных заболеваний и т.д. Причем причины бесплодия в равном количестве распределены между обоими полами. Все это приводит к распаду семьи, расторжению брака и, как следствие, к ухудшению демографической ситуации, а, следовательно, к нарушению права человека на здоровье, врачебную тайну и благополучную жизнь. Один из выходов в данной ситуации видится в применении методов искусственного оплодотворения, одним из которых является суррогатное материнство, и совершенствовании законодательного регулирования наиболее важных отношений, непосредственно влияющих на демографические процессы. Автор статьи предлагает рассмотреть этапы формирования института суррогатного материнства, начиная с первых упоминаний в социальной истории и закан-чивая историей возникновения вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий в современном Казах-стане. Особое внимание уделяется законодательному регулированию вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий в США, Великобритании, СССР, Российской Федерации и в современном Казахстане. Сделаны выводы о необходимости совершенствования национального законодательства в области защиты прав суррогатной матери и ребенка, разработки и введения отдельного закона о суррогатном материнстве.
Employee Shuttle Bus Routing Problem: A Case Study
Authors: PEKER Gaye
Published: January 2023

This paper describes the real-life application of a personnel service shuttle routing problem. The problem in question is a type of vehicle routing problem with special constraints. To solve the problem, a mathematical model was developed, which aims to minimize the total travel time of employees, including the walking times to the shuttle-stops and the times spent on the shuttles. These times were added in the model by considering the times between the designated stops, the times each shuttle spends on each stop and the total travel times of the shuttles from the starting points to the destination point. The goal programming model was coded and solved using the commercial solver IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio. The actual times between the shuttle bus stops and the employee walking times were calculated according to the real-life data provided by the company. The walking times of the employees to the bus stops were also regulated via the inclusion of some set covering constraints in the model. When the numerical results from the model were compared to the current practice of the company, it has been observed that the savings in total travel time were quite significant.
Uji Kadar Senyawa Flavonoid Dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Selada Air (Nasturtium Officinale R.Br) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis
Authors: RAHMAYANI Dewi Rahmayani
Published: January 2023

Selada air (Nasturtium Officinale R.Br) are widely found in Indonesia and have potential as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Selada air extract. Selada air were extracted by maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. The flavonoid content of the extract was measured by the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method, while the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined by the DPPH method. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of the Selad air has a flavonoid content of 13,9 mgQE/g extract and the antioxidant activity of the compound obtained an IC50 value of 102,26 ppm with a moderate antioxidant category.

Keywords: Antioxidant; DPPH, Flavonoids: Nasturtutium Officinale R.Br
Kestabilan Model Petri Net pada Sistem Antrian Bank Menggunakan Metode Lyapunov
Authors: Rahmawati Suci
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini mengembangkan dari hasil penelitian tentang pemodelan sistem antrian di salah satu cabang bank x dengan menggunakan coloured petri nets. Penelitian sebelumnya memutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk memperoleh lama waktu pelayanan untuk digunakan sebagai validasi model tersebut. Pada penelitian ini akan dikonstruksi model sistem antrian yang sama dengan penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan media pemodelan yang berbeda yang lebih sederhana namun mampu merepresentasikan keadaan dan alur sistem yang sama seperti pada penelitian sebelumnya. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikonstruksi model sistem antrian bank menggunkan Petri Net. Selanjutnya akan dianalisa kestabilan dari model Petri Net pada sistem antrian bank menggunakan kestabilan Lyaunov yang berkenaan denga Petri Net. Hasil analisis kestabilan model sistem yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model yang dibentuk menggunakan Petri Net merupakan model yang tidak stabil dan tidak dapat distabilkan. Model tidak stabil disebabkan oleh adanya transisi yang bersifat always enable.
Constructive destabilization: overcoming barriers to the development of the economic environment
Authors: Shchurov Igor
Published: January 2023

The development of negative trends in the energy industry of Ukraine is emphasized.

Scientists mainly pay attention to destabilizing processes in politics and its components, studying the factors of their influence, types of destabilizations of the political system, ensuring the stability of the political system. However, we have not come across scientific works in which the discussion about constructive destabilization, which will have a positive effect on economic results, would be raised. And this influence is now felt by the oil and gas industry of Ukraine, which is experiencing revitalization in the initial period, at the stage of revival. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors of constructive destabilization at each level of management, which will allow optimizing the processes of functioning of energy systems and the mechanisms of their provision.

An economic and linguistic and etymological analysis of the definition "destabilization" was carried out. An in-depth systematic analysis of the effects of destabilizing factors was carried out with the identification of cognitive features for the formation of a model of objective management decisions (alternatives) in the field of energy and its individual components. Special attention is paid to disturbing factors that cause destabilization. The model of the formation system of constructive destabilization is depicted, as a relationship of closely related elements, which relies on cognitive technologies. Determining the reasons and conditions for the formation of a constructive destabilization system in the field of energy security made it possible for the first time to propose the basic principles of constructive destabilization and to introduce an indicator of the destabilization factor, thanks to which it is possible to predict positive changes in the system from negative disturbances. The expediency of creating the State Decarbonization Fund as a tool for sustainable development is emphasized. A list of the factors of constructive destabilization in the energy sector of Ukraine was proposed and analyzed.
MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SECURITY OF THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: PARADIGMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Shchurov Igor
Published: January 2023

Ensuring the national security of the state is inextricably linked with energy security. The purpose of the article is to study the energy security management process as a human-centered philosophy based on the achievements of scientific and technical development. A study of the market of energy resources was conducted and it was emphasized that the dependence on the import of oil, gas and nuclear fuel negatively affects the state of energy security of the country and creates tension in the economy, social and political spheres. It was added that in view of the threat to energy security and taking into account russia's price policy for energy carriers, European countries have almost completely abandoned/(plan to abandon) natural gas. It is emphasized that the creation of conditions to ensure energy security and energy development is among the state's priorities, as the size, dynamics and performance indicators of the sphere of production and consumption depend on the development of the energy sector. It is shown that Ukraine is one of the least energy efficient countries among the member states of the Energy Community. It has been proven that a change in the energy development paradigm is impossible without solving complex scientific and technical tasks and opening the flow of information, technologies and capital. Management of energy security should be based on people-centered approaches and existing recommendations of the scientific community when adapting them to existing conditions, taking into account the priorities of cyclical economy. At the same time, it is necessary to consider possible crises in the process of economic growth caused by the factors listed in this article. The modernization of the energy sector of the Ukrainian economy will take place based on the effective paradigm of energy security, especially in the post-war period.
Relations between Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and India: Revisiting the Future
Authors: Hassanzada Farid
Published: January 2023

This article explains the history of relations between India- Afghanistan and the prospects for any future engagement with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, considering the recent developments in Afghanistan. It investigates how the two countries can find common grounds for economic, political, and social cooperation and what role India could take in helping stabilize Afghanistan and ultimately the region. The paper also elaborates on potential security threats to India in Afghanistan after the U.S withdrawal; Afghanistan-India entanglements post 15th August 2021 and concludes with recommendations for future engagement between both countries underpinned by secondary sources which include books, research papers, policy briefs, and articles from renowned newspapers.
Peran Bupati Dalam Musrenbangdes
Authors: Rustam Afrinaldy , Rodi Wahyudi  , Muhammad Rizki Hidayat
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini di lakukan di Desa Kuok, Kecamatan Kuok, Kabupaten Kampar, Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana evealuasi pelaksanaan musrenbangdes di Desa Kuok Kecamatan Kuok Kabupaten Kampar dan untuk menganalisis hambatan evaluasi pelaksanaan Musrenbangdes di Desa Kuok Kecamatan Kuok Kabupaten Kampar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah diskriptif kualitatif, digunakan dalam menganalisa ataupun memberikan gambaran atas hasil dari penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi.Penelitian ini menggunakan Pedoman Penilaian Dan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Penyelenggaraan Musyawarah Rencana Pembangunan. Keputusan Mentri Dalam Negeri No. 050-187/kep/Bangda/2007. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah  Peran bupati dalam pelaksanaan Musrenbangdesa masih tekesan bersifat elitis, elitis di dalam sini maksudnya yakni dalam arti pemerintahlah yang menjadi penentu kebijakan pembagunan, sedangakan masyarakat berperan memberikan masukan kepada pemerintah tentang apa yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarkat.
Advancing provider behavior change programming
Authors:   Breakthrough RESEARCH
Published: January 2023

Service providers play a fundamental role in health promotion and disease prevention, care, and overall well-being of their clients and communities. Effective client-provider interaction is pivotal for consistent demand and uptake of health services. Various approaches such as training, supportive supervision, and financial incentives have been used to address improving client-provider interaction with mixed results. Although there are examples of innovative and effective ways to influence provider behavior, opportunities exist to explore and expand the knowledge base. To help address important evidence gaps, Breakthrough RESEARCH worked in partnership with a range of social and behavior change (SBC) and service delivery partners to generate a research and learning agenda that includes a core set of consensus-driven, prioritized implementation science questions related to provider behavior change (PBC). This brief highlights: 1) the importance of addressing provider behavior to improve behavioral and health outcomes; 2) gaps in the existing evidence base for PBC programming; 3) the priority research and learning questions and the consensus-driven process used to derive them; and 4) the roles of key stakeholders for putting the learning agenda into action.
A companion of choice is recommended for all women throughout labour, childbirth, and the immediate postnatal period
Authors:   Breakthrough RESEARCH
Published: January 2023

This poster was created to inform pregnant women, birth companions as well as providers on the tasks birth companions should/can do to help provide a positive experience for women who are in labor.
Simple tools to reduce preventable deaths during childbirth
Authors: Kau Madeline , Flanagan Sara V.
Published: January 2023

Under the Breakthrough RESEARCH project led by the Population Council, project partner ideas42 conducted research to learn about the extraordinary constraints that Malagasy health workers must face to save mothers’ lives and through iterative testing with health workers and other Malagasy stakeholders developed a set of tools to help providers improve quality of care and reduce complications and deaths from postpartum hemorrhage. This blog discusses the process and the tools developed.
Assessing effectiveness of a person-centered group ANC-PNC model among first-time young mothers and their partners for improving quality and use of MNCH-FP services
Authors: Hossain Sharif M.I. , Roy Shongkour , Ainul Sigma , Al Mahmud Shohag Abdullah , Karim A.T.M. Rezaul , Rob Ubaidur
Published: January 2023

This baseline report is part of an operations research project “Healthy Women, Healthy Families (HWHF): Shustha Ma, Shustha Poribar” led by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) in partnership with BRAC, SCOPE, and the Population Council. The project aims to improve quality and increase utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and family planning (FP) services and information for young mothers-to-be, first-time mothers (FTMs) aged 15-24, and their partners in the urban municipality of Tongi, Gazipur District, Bangladesh, through a group antenatal care ANC-PNC approach. The objectives of this study are to establish baseline values of selected HWHF project result indicators against which the impacts of the project’s intervention can be measured. The target group is young, first-time parents and the study examines the current status of knowledge on MNCH-FP and access to services among FTMs. This quasi-experimental pre-post control group design study employs both quantitative and qualitative data-collection methods. A simple random sampling procedure was employed to select respondents from BRAC FTM lists, while qualitative informants were selected purposively.
Provider behavior change: Social and behavior change approaches to quality of care in family planning
Authors:   Breakthrough RESEARCH
Published: January 2023

Breakthrough RESEARCH was USAID’s flagship social and behavior change (SBC) research and evaluation project to drive the generation, packaging, and use of innovative SBC research to inform programming. A six-year project (2017–2023), Breakthrough RESEARCH was led by the Population Council in collaboration with our consortium partners: Tulane University, Avenir Health, Population Reference Bureau, Institute for Reproductive Health at Georgetown University, and ideas42. This legacy resource highlights evidence, insights, and learnings over the past six years from Breakthrough RESEARCH’s work to advance provider behavior change (PBC) programming and fill critical PBC evidence gaps.
Role-modelling, Decision-making and Conflict Resolution: Impact of Leadership and Management on Academic and Administrative Employees at a South African Higher Education Institution
Authors: Bhana Anrusha
Published: January 2023

The study aimed to address the management and its impact on the age and tenure cohort at a higher education institution. An overview of what constitutes the characteristics of managers as well as a discourse between leadership and management skills is provided. The study adopted a mixed method design comprising a quantitative approach for employees and a qualitative approach for line management leadership and executive management leadership. The total population for the quantitative method constituted 1874 academic and administrative employees with a targeted sample of 420. The study obtained a response rate of 312 out of 420 employees. The qualitative data collection tools for the management were semi-structured interviews and open-ended interviews of 12 out of 18 being the realised sample size. The study showed evidence of poor leadership and management qualities in relation to support, role-modelling, trust, critical decisions, and self-management which may have a negative effect on younger and new employees. The study made an original contribution to this area as it depicted a clear indication of poor role-modelling and decision-making that managers lack, conflict management skills and its implications thereof.
Experiential Marketing as a Mechanism to Deliver Value for Mobile Network Operators
Authors: Boakye Yiadom Michael , Tait Madéle
Published: January 2023

Experiential marketing is being considered by researchers and marketers as an alternative solution to traditional marketing for achieving the best results for organisational lifetime value. However, network operators are preoccupied with traditional marketing programmes and strategies, which have produced limited results (value). This study sought to utilise experiential marketing as a tool to create value for mobile network operators, as well as provide recommendations to avoid future gaps. This study utilised a positivistic paradigm and a quantitative approach through a self-administered, structured hard copy questionnaire for data collection. Stratification and convenience sampling techniques were used to select participants from each of the regional offices of the network operators in Ghana. The database of the national communication authority (NCA) of Ghana was accessed to identify the number of registered operators and the associated subscribed customers in the country. A total of 415 customers responded to the survey. The study concluded that experiential marketing had a positive and sustainable influence on value (business value). It is envisaged that this study could assist network operators and other businesses to create value by understanding the factors influencing experiential marketing, thereby assisting in the formulation of effective and efficient strategies and decisions. Furthermore, this study offers practical recommendations that could strengthen businesses when establishing experiential marketing programmes. Additionally, this study enhances the body of knowledge regarding experiential marketing and value creation in the context of mobile network operators.
KARAKTERISTIK TANAH GAMBUT TROPIS PADA LAHAN PERKEBUNAN SAWIT SERTA HUBUNGAN ANTARA PARAMETER
Authors: Deslina Melly , Haiki Mart Yupi  , Raden Haryo Saputra
Published: January 2023

Lahan gambut Desa Tanjung Taruna, Kalimantan Tengah difungsikan salah satunya sebagai perkebunan sawit. Peralihan fungsi tata guna lahan dapat mempengaruhi sifat-sifat fisik gambut, mengakibatkan perubahan pergerakan air di dalamnya. Sehingga, perlu diketahui karakteristik gambut pada penggunaan lahan untuk  perkebunan sawit berupa konduktivitas hidrolik, bulk density, porositas dan water content serta hubungan antar parameter tersebut. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel tanah di lapangan kedalaman 0–50 cm, 50–100 cm dan 100–150 cm arah vertikal dan arah horizontal, selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui konduktivitas hidrolik (K), bulk density (BD), porositas (P) dan water content (WC).
Pada lahan gambut tropis yang penggunaan lahannya berupa perkebunan sawit, diperoleh nilai K arah vertikal paling besar pada kedalaman 50-100 cm dengan nilai K=0,000250, nilai BD paling besar diperoleh pada kedalaman 100 cm dengan nilai BD=0,377 gr/cm3, sedangkan nilai P terbesar diperoleh pada permukaan tanah kedalaman 0 cm dengan nilai P=81,074 % dan untuk nilai WC terbesar diperoleh pada kedalaman 100 cm dengan nilai WC=224,324 %. Dari beberapa karakteristik tanah gambut tropis, pada penggunaan lahan untuk perkebunan sawit, dapat dilihat hubungan antar parameter yang diamati berupa konduktivitas hidrolik arah horizontal dipengaruhi oleh bulk density, porositas dan water content, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai R2 Lebih besar atau sama dengan 0,94.
ANALISIS KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DAN PENANGANAN DAERAH RAWAN KECELAKAAN JALAN AHMAD YANI (RUAS KM 37 – KM 82) KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Lestari Utami Sylvia , Yasruddin  , Rabiatul Adawiyah
Published: January 2023

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan jumlah kendaraan dapat menimbulkan permasalahan baru dalam berlalu lintas, seperti kebutuhan struktur jalan yang lebih baik, meningkatnya pelanggaran lalu lintas dan risiko kecelakaan lalu lintas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daerah rawan kecelakaan pada ruas jalan Ahmad Yani Km 37 – Km 82 Kabupaten Banjar. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi daerah rawan kecelakaan adalah dengan menghitung Tingkat Kefatalan (TF) dan UCL (Upper Control Limit). Dari hasil analisis data, terdapat 14 ruas jalan yang teridentifikasi sebagai daerah rawan kecelakaan (blacksite) dan yang memiliki tingkat nilai TF tertinggi di Jl. A. Yani km 63 – Jl. A. Yani km 64, yaitu TF = 137.342 dan nilai UCL = 76.464. Selain itu, didapatkan 44 titik ruas jalan yang teridentifikasi sebagai Blackspot. Titik ruas jalan yang memiliki nilai TF tertinggi adalah titik Jl. A. Yani km 47- km 47,25 yaitu TF = 457.808 dan nilai UCL = 93.720. Rekomendasi untuk mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan lalu lintas yang dianjurkan yaitu dengan memasang rambu-rambu lalu lintas, lampu penerangan jalan, guardrail untuk tikungan serta sosialisasi keselamatan berkendara.
Adjudicating a ban on contacts with a child in the practice of Polish courts
Authors: Holewińska-Łapińska Elżbieta
Published: January 2023

The article presents the main findings of the survey of files of 181 cases in which a ban on contact with children was adjudicated and became legally binding by the end of 2017. The survey was carried out by the Institute of Justice. The survey showed that ban on contact with a child is adjudicated relatively rarely. The general assessment of the case law is positive, nevertheless the author presents a number of suggestions of how it can be improved. She suggests, among others, a change in the practice of treating the child as a participant in the proceedings; more frequent use of direct hearing of the child; treating the admission of psychological and pedagogical opinions as a rule; effective actions in order to establish the position in respect of the person who is to be banned from contacting the child. The author points to the validity of the long-term assessment of the child’s good and distinction between the protection of the child’s interest and the interest of the ‘primary carer’.
Antibiofilm properties of silver nanoparticles incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate used for dental applications
Authors: Ortiz-Magdaleno Marine , Sánchez-Vargas Luis , Gardea-Contreras Delia , Campos-Ibarra Verónica , Pozos-Guillén Amaury , Márquez-Preciado Raúl
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Acrylic resins used in dental and biomedical applications do not have antimicrobial properties, their surface is susceptible to colonization of microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) deposited in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) surface against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. METHODS: The PMMA was impregnated with AgNPs by using the in-situ polymerization method. To determine the solubility of the incorporated silver (Ag+) atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used (AAS) at 24 h, 48 h, 7 days, and 30 days. Thirty specimens of PMMA with AgNPs and without NP (control group) were assembled in the CDC Biofilm Bioreactor system with a cell suspension of S. aureus. The specimens were removed at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the viability profile and quantify the Arbitrary Fluorescence Units (AFU). RESULTS: The AgNPs showed an irregular and quasispherical shape with an average size of 25 nm. AAS analysis demonstrated a low solubility of Ag+. The formation of the S. aureus biofilm increased as the evaluation periods continued up to 72 h. The experimental group showed poor growth, and a decrease in the intensity of the fluorescence demonstrated a statistically significant inhibition of the formation of the biofilm (P < 0.05) in relation to the control group at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. CONCLUSION: AgNPs incorporated into PMMA decreased the growth and maturation of S. aureus biofilm.
Temporal motif-based attentional graph convolutional network for dynamic link prediction
Authors: Wu Zheng , Chen Hongchang , Zhang Jianpeng , Pei Yulong , Huang Zishuo
Published: January 2023

Dynamic link prediction is an important component of the dynamic network analysis with many real-world applications. Currently, most advancements focus on analyzing link-defined neighborhoods with graph convolutional networks (GCN), while ignoring the influence of higher-order structural and temporal interacting features on link formation. Therefore, based on recent progress in modeling temporal graphs, we propose a novel temporal motif-based attentional graph convolutional network model (TMAGCN) for dynamic link prediction. As dynamic graphs usually contain periodical patterns, we first propose a temporal motif matrix construction method to capture higher-order structural and temporal features, then introduce a spatial convolution operation following a temporal motif-attention mechanism to encode these features into node embeddings. Furthermore, we design two methods to combine multiple temporal motif-based attentions, a dynamic attention-based method and a reinforcement learning-based method, to allow each individual node to make the most of the relevant motif-based neighborhood to propagate and aggregate information in the graph convolutional layers. Experimental results on various real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to state-of-the-art baselines on the dynamic link prediction task. It also reveals that temporal motif can manifest the essential dynamic mechanism of the network.
Spatial-temporal trajectory anomaly detection based on an improved spectral clustering algorithm
Authors: Guo Yishan , Liu Mandan
Published: January 2023

With the development of wireless communication technology, when users use wireless networks to meet various needs, wireless networks also record a large number of users’ spatial-temporal trajectory data. In order to better pay attention to the healthy development of students and promote the information construction on campus, a spectral clustering algorithm based on the multi-scale threshold and density combined with shared nearest neighbors (MSTDSNN-SC) is proposed. Firstly, it improves the affinity distance function based on the shortest time dis-tance-shortest time distance sub-sequence (STD-STDSS) by adding location popularity and uses this model to construct the initial adjacency matrix. Then it introduces the covariance scale threshold and spatial scale threshold to perform 0–1 processing on the adjacency matrix to obtain more accurate sample similarity. Next, it constructs an eigenvector space by eigenvalue decom-position of the adjacency matrix. Finally, it uses DBSCAN clustering algorithm with shared nearest neighbors to avoid to manually determine the number of clusters. Taking Internet usage data on campus as an example, multiple clustering algorithms are used for anomaly detection and four evaluation metrics are applied to estimate the clustering results. MSTDSNN-SC algorithm reflects better clustering performance. Furthermore, the abnormal trajectories list is verified to be effective and credible.
Inferring student social link from spatiotemporal behavior data via entropy-based analyzing model
Authors: Li Mengran , Zhang Yong , Li Xiaoyong , Lin Xuanqi , Yin Baocai
Published: January 2023

Social link is an important index to understand master students’ mental health and social ability in educational management. Extracting hidden social strength from students’ rich daily life behaviors has also become an attractive research hotspot. Devices with positioning functions record many students’ spatiotemporal behavior data, which can infer students’ social links. However, under the guidance of school regulations, students’ daily activities have a certain regularity and periodicity. Traditional methods usually compare the co-occurrence frequency of two users to infer social association but do not consider the location-intensive and time-sensitive in campus scenes. Aiming at the campus environment, a Spatiotemporal Entropy-Based Analyzing (S-EBA) model for inferring students’ social strength is proposed. The model is based on students’ multi-source heterogeneous behavioral data to calculate the frequency of co-occurrence under the influence of time intervals. Then, the three features of diversity, spatiotemporal hotspot and behavior similarity are introduced to calculate social strength. Experiments show that our method is superior to the traditional methods under many evaluating criteria. The inferred social strength is used as the weight of the edge to construct a social network further to analyze its important impact on students’ education management.
Multiple independent losses scheduling: A simple training method for deep neural networks
Authors: Deng Jiali , Gong Haigang , Wang Xiaomin , Liu Minghui , Xie Tianshu , Cheng Xuan , Liu Ming , Huang Wanqing
Published: January 2023

In recent years, various loss functions have been proposed to boost the performance of deep neural networks. Every loss function has its own specific theoretical motivation, and can easily learn its preference features of training data compared with other loss functions. Thus, combining multiple loss functions to capture more data features becomes an attractive idea for model performance improvement. In this paper, instead of using a single loss function or a linear weighted sum of multiple loss functions, we present the method named Multiple Independent Losses Scheduling (MILS), which allows multiple loss functions to independently participate in the training process according to their performance. Specifically, for all candidate loss functions, one loss function will be predefined as the primary loss function before training, and the other loss functions will play auxiliary roles for possible contributions to improve the model performance. In order to avoid auxiliary loss functions bringing a negative effect on the model performance in the training process, we developed a simple but effective performance-based scheduling algorithm to prevent auxiliary loss functions from dragging down the model performance. Extensive experiments using various deep architectures on various recognition benchmarks demonstrate our scheme is simple, robust, lightweight, and effective for typical classification tasks.
Collaborative optimization with PSO for named entity recognition-based applications
Authors: Peng Qiaojuan , Luo Xiong , Shen Hailun , Huang Ziyang , Chen Maojian
Published: January 2023

Named entity recognition (NER) as a crucial technology is widely used in many application scenarios, including information extraction, information retrieval, text summarization, and machine translation assisted in AI-based smart communication and networking systems. As people pay more and more attention to NER, it has gradually become an independent and important research field. Currently, most of the NER models need to manually adjust their hyper-parameters, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also easy to fall into a local optimal situation. To deal with such problem, this paper proposes a machine learning-guided model to achieve NER, where the hyper-parameters of model are automatically adjusted to improve the computational performance. Specifically, the proposed model is implemented by using bi-directional encoder representation from transformers (BERT) and conditional random field (CRF). Meanwhile, the collaborative computing paradigm is also fused in the model, while utilizing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) to automatically search for the best value of hyper-parameters in a collaborative way. The experimental results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of our proposed model.
Soluble TREM2, Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology, and Risk for Progression of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wu Chao ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Ma Ya-Hui , Hu Hao , Zhao Bing , Tan Lan
Published: January 2023

Background Until recently, studies on associations between neuroinflammation in vivo and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) are scarce. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), a candidate biomarker of microglial activation and neuroinflammation, were found elevated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but they have not been fully explored in CSVD. Objective To determine whether CSF sTREM2 levels are associated with the increased risk of CSVD progression. Methods A total of 426 individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database were included in this study. All participants underwent measurements of CSF sTREM2 and AD pathology (Aβ1-42, P-tau181P). The progression of CSVD burden and imaging markers, including cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensities and lacunes, were estimated based on neuroimaging changes. Logistic regression and moderation effect models were applied to explore associations of sTREM2 with CSVD progression and AD pathology. Results Higher CSF sTREM2 levels at baseline were associated with increased CSVD burden (OR = 1.28 [95% CI, 1.01–1.62]) and CMBs counts (OR = 1.32 [95% CI, 1.03–1.68]). Similarly, increased change rates of CSF sTREM2 might predict elevated CMBs counts (OR = 1.44 [95% CI, 1.05–1.98]). Participants with AD pathology (Aβ1-42 and P-tau181P) showed a stronger association between CSF sTREM2 and CSVD progression. Conclusion This longitudinal study found a positive association between CSF sTREM2 and CSVD progression, suggesting that neuroinflammation might promote CSVD. Furthermore, neuroinflammation could be a shared pathogenesis of CSVD and AD at the early stage. Targeting neuroinflammation to intervene the progression of CSVD and AD warrants further investigation.
Progression from Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease to Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in the Verubecestat APECS Study: Adjudicating Diagnostic Transitions
Authors: Voss Tiffini , Kost James , Mercer Swati Pal , Furtek Christine , Randolph Christopher , Lines Christopher , Egan Michael F. , Cummings Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2023

Background: Delay of progression from prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to dementia is an important outcome in AD trials. Centralized adjudication is intended to improve the consistency of dementia diagnosis but has not been scrutinized. Objective: To evaluate centralized adjudication for determining progression to dementia compared with Site Investigator opinion or change in Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Methods: We used data from the 2-year APECS trial of verubecestat versus placebo in 1,451 prodromal AD participants. Cases were triggered for central adjudication if: 1) the Site Investigator judged the participant had progressed to dementia, or 2) the participant’s CDR sum-of-boxes score increased ≥2 points from baseline. Post-hoc analyses were performed on pooled treatment-group data to compare methods of assessing progression. Results: 581/1,451 (40%) participants had changes triggering adjudication and most (83%) were confirmed as progression to dementia. Only 66% of those who met CDR criteria (regardless of whether they also met Site Investigator criteria) were adjudicated to have progressed to dementia and just 15% of those who met only CDR criteria were adjudicated to have progressed, representing 5% of progressors. In contrast, 99% of those who met Site Investigator criteria (regardless of whether they also met CDR criteria) were adjudicated to have progressed, and the same was true for those who met only Site Investigator criteria. Conclusion: A positive Site Investigator opinion is an excellent predictor for a positive adjudication decision regarding onset of dementia. Conversely, sole use of CDR sum-of-boxes change ≥2 is inadequate. The benefit of centralized adjudication appears doubtful.
Urinary Amino Acid-Conjugated Acrolein and Taurine as New Biomarkers for Detection of Dementia
Authors: Yoshida Madoka , Uemura Takeshi , Mizoi Mutsumi , Waragai Masaaki , Sakamoto Akihiko , Terui Yusuke , Kashiwagi Keiko , Igarashi Kazuei
Published: January 2023

Background: Dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is one of the serious diseases at advanced age, and its early detection is important for maintaining quality of life (QOL). Objective: In this study, we sought novel biomarkers for dementia in urine. Methods: Samples of urine were collected from 57 control subjects without dementia, 62 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 42 AD patients. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was evaluated when subjects were examined by medical doctors. Urinary amino acid (lysine)-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro) was measured using N ɛ-(3-formyl-3, 4-dehydropiperidine) lysine (FDP-Lys) ELISA kit, and taurine content was measured using a taurine assay kit. Values were normalized by creatinine content which was measured with the colorimetric assay kit. Results: We found that urinary amino acid (lysine)-conjugated acrolein (AC-Acro) and taurine negatively correlated with MMSE score and are significantly lower in dementia patients compared to the normal subjects. When AC-Acro and taurine were evaluated together with age using an artificial neural network model, median relative risk values for subjects with AD, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and control subjects were 0.96, 0.53, and 0.06, respectively. Conclusion: Since urine is relatively easy to collect, our findings provide a novel biomarker for dementia without invasiveness.
Risk Factors for Longer-Term Mortality in Discharged Patients with Dementia and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen Shanquan ,   The EpiCov Database, Cardinal Rudolf N. , Auckland Kathryn , Gräf Stefan , O’Brien John T. , Underwood Benjamin R.
Published: January 2023

Background: Persisting symptoms and increased mortality after SARS–CoV–2 infection has been described in COVID-19 survivors. Objective: We examined longer-term mortality in patients with dementia and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A retrospective matched case-control study of 165 patients with dementia who survived an acute hospital admission with COVID-19 infection, and 1325 patients with dementia who survived a hospital admission but without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Potential risk factors investigated included socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and results of investigations. Data were fitted using a Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Compared to patients with dementia but without SARS-CoV-2 infection, people with dementia and SARS-CoV-2 infection had a 4.4-fold risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 4.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.13–6.30) even beyond the acute phase of infection. This excess mortality could be seen up to 125 days after initial recovery but was not elevated beyond this time. Risk factors for COVID-19-associated mortality included prescription of antipsychotics (aHR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.40–6.69) and benzodiazepines (aHR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.28–7.03). Abnormalities on investigation associated with increased mortality included high white cell count (aHR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.39), higher absolute neutrophil count (aHR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.12–1.46), higher C-reactive protein (aHR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02), higher serum sodium (aHR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.19), and higher ionized calcium (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06). The post-acute COVID mortality could be modeled for the first 120 days after recovery with a balanced accuracy of 87.2%. Conclusion: We found an increased mortality in patients with dementia beyond the acute phase of illness. We identified several investigation results associated with increased mortality, and increased mortality in patients prescribed antipsychotics or benzodiazepines.
Lightning protection technology and grounding technology of transmission tower shared equipment
Authors: Hong Liang , Wu Kaibin , Yue Mengmeng
Published: January 2023

For the power transmission tower shared equipment, there are strong current wireless interference and complex grounding environment, which leads to problems such as unstable operation of the shared equipment. Based on the multi-grade surge protector and new grounding technology, through the impulse experiments, we apply simulated lightning current generated from combined wave generator (1.2/50 μs, 8/20 μs) on the modle, and an oscilloscope is used to collect residual voltage and current data to calculate the absorbed energy of the grounding unit. It is concluded that when the impulse voltage is between 300 V and 3500 V, as the impulse voltage increases, after passing through the multi-grade surge protector and grounding unit, the residual voltage and current value continue to increase, and the residual voltage value is 23.4 V–29.6 V increases linearly, and the increase is small; the internal resistance of the grounding unit decreases with the increase of the impulse voltage. The energy absorbed by the grounding unit is positively correlated with the impulse voltage and negatively correlated with the internal resistance, and its energy absorption percentage decays linearly. The multi-grade surge protector can effectively clamp the residual voltage value within a safe value, and its discharge effect is better than that of the traditional protection mode. It provides a theoretical basis and data reference for the lightning protection and anti-interference projects of the actual transmission tower sharing equipment, and has certain practical value.
A generic model for security algorithms in mobile electronic payment systems
Authors: Yuan Quan , Chang Weipeng , Xu Shenglin
Published: January 2023

At a time when communication network technology is developing rapidly, the security of the Internet has aroused widespread concern in the academic community. In particular, electronic payment, which has been booming in recent years, has great security risks and people are prone to information leakage and property loss in the process of payment. In order to solve these problems, this study adopts the AES to encrypt the information in the payment process, introduces the RSA Public Key System (RSA) and the SM4 packet cipher algorithm for comparison, and analyses their encryption (decryption) speed, decryption (decryption) speed and encryption speed respectively. (decryption) speed, as well as PR curve, Loss function and sensitivity. The results show that the AES algorithm has a faster encryption (decryption) speed compared to the other two algorithms. In the PR curve, the AES algorithm has an AP value of 0.9988, which is significantly higher than the other two algorithms, and has a better balance between accuracy and recall, and better performance. In the sensitivity analysis, the AES algorithm can have the highest sensitivity of 97.88%. This is significantly higher than the 93.47% and 96.59% of the other two algorithms. Moreover, as shown by the Loss function of the AES algorithm, it converges faster and the Liss value varies between 0.1 and 0.9. In summary, the AES algorithm has a faster encryption speed and is better in terms of accuracy, convergence speed and security factor in all aspects. This also demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this algorithm for information security protection in electronic payment processes.
VR technology used to show the practice of architectural node structure
Authors: Lv Dihua
Published: January 2023

With the development and maturity of virtual reality (VR for short) and artificial intelligence technology, panoramic VR roaming is applied to more and more industries. In the construction engineering industry, due to the complex structure of some key building nodes, the application of panoramic VR roaming technology modeling will play a role in significantly reducing the workload and understanding difficulty of design, construction and management personnel. Therefore, this study improves the parallax map generation method of the belief propagation (BP) algorithm in the panoramic VR roaming to use the form of limit matching and optimizes the energy function and matching primitives in it, so as to propose a spatial model construction method of the panoramic VR roaming based on the improved BP algorithm. The experimental results show that the panoramic VR roaming space model construction method proposed in this study can significantly improve the quality of spatial modeling of building node images, and the normalized values of structural similarity of VR roaming space models designed based on Improved belief propagation (IBP), GC, BP, and DP algorithms are 3.32, 3.23, 2.96, and 2.84, respectively, when the number of iterations is obtained 200 times, is also the highest among the compared methods, for example, when the number of samples is 400, the calculation time of IBP scheme is 14.73 ± 0.85 min, and the highest time of other three schemes is 6.86 ± 0.67 min. Therefore, this virtual space modeling method is designed to be more suitable for application scenarios that require lower computational timeliness.