bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Sonographic Detection of Uterine Dehiscence
Authors: Youngs Diane J. , Praska Kathleen A. , Harms Roger W.
Published: November 2004

Uterine dehiscence is the incomplete separation of the myometrium at a uterine scar site, usually from a previous cesarean section. Because membranes remain intact, the prognosis for both mother and fetus is generally good. However, labor contractions may lead to progression and a complete uterine rupture, which can be catastrophic. The combination of abdominal pain, previous cesarean section, and the sonographic finding of ballooning membranes should suggest the diagnosis of uterine dehiscence.
Strategies for Eliminating the Sonographer Shortage
Authors: Naomi Clay
Published: November 2004

The sonography profession has and continues to experience a shortage of properly trained and creditialed sonographers. The purpose of this article is to study the current sonographer shortage and to suggest various solutions to the problem. Issues such as staff retention and recuitment are addressed to enable sonography departments to attract and retain valuable sonographers. Sonography education, distance education, and clinical site issues are also explored as they have a profound effect on the number of sonographers entering the profession. An attempt is made to cite recent and relevant sources in an effort to outline stratieges for dealing with this problem.
Prolapsed, Ectopic Cecoureterocele
Authors: Hill Donald S.
Published: November 2004

This case study presents the prenatal diagnosis of a rare prolapsed, ectopic cecoureterocele. The diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal urethrocystography, sonography, and surgical intervention.
Intratesticular Varicocele Concomitant With Spermatocele
Authors: Erdem L. Oktay , Akduman BÜlent
Published: November 2004

Varicocele is an abnormal dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus. Intratesticular varicocele, characterized by dilated intratesticular veins, is an extremely rare disorder. This is the second reported case of intratesticular varicocele demonstrated by using power Doppler sonography. Spermatocele is a common benign retention cyst most often located in the caput epididymis. This is the first intratesticular varicocele case concomitant with spermatocele. The authors believe that power Doppler sonography and gray-scale sonography are effective, rapid methods in the diagnosis of intratesticular varicocele and spermatocele.
Sensory hypoinnervation in club foot
Authors: Ahmed M. , Ahmed N. , Khan K. M. , Umer M. , Rashid H. , Hashmi P. , Umar M.
Published: November 2004

We have compared the density of nerve fibres in the synovium in club foot with that of specimens obtained from the synovium of the hip at operations for developmental dysplasia. The study focused on the sensory neuropeptides substance P; calcitonin gene-related peptide; protein gene product 9.5, a general marker for mature peripheral nerve fibres; and growth associated protein 43, a neuronal marker for new or regenerating nerve fibres. In order to establish whether there might be any inherent difference we analysed the density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibres in the hip and ankle joints in young rats.

Semi-quantitative analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of sensory and mature nerve fibres in the synovium in club foot compared with the control hips. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive fibres were reduced by 28%, substance P-positive fibres by 36% and protein gene product 9.5-positive fibres by 52% in club foot. The growth associated protein 43-positive fibres also seemed to be less in six samples of club foot. No difference in the density of CGRP-positive nerve fibres was observed in the synovium between ankle and hip joints in rats.

The lack of sensory input may be responsible for the fibrosis and soft-tissue contractures associated with idiopathic club foot.
Impaction femoral allografting and cemented revision for periprosthetic femoral fractures
Authors: Tsiridis E. , Narvani A. A. , Haddad F. S. , Timperley J. A. , Gie G. A.
Published: November 2004

We reviewed retrospectively the outcome of the treatment by impaction grafting of periprosthetic femoral fractures around loose stems in 106 patients with Vancouver type-B2 and type-B3 fractures. Eighty-nine patients had a cemented revision with impaction grafting and a long or short stem. The remaining 17 had cemented revision without impaction grafting.

Fractures treated by impaction grafting and a long stem were more than five times likely to unite than those treated by impaction grafting and a short stem (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54 to 19.6; p = 0.009). Furthermore, those with impaction grafting and a long stem were significantly more likely to unite than those with a long stem without impaction grafting (odds ratio = 4.07, 95% CI 1.10 to 15.0; p = 0.035).

There was also a trend towards a higher rate of union in those treated by impaction grafting than in those without (odds ratio = 2.69, 95% CI 0.86 to 8.45; p = 0.090).

Impaction grafting is being increasingly widely used for the restoration of femoral bone stock. It can be successfully applied to periprosthetic femoral fractures but a long stem should be used to bypass the distal fracture line.
Analysis of a retrieved Delta III total shoulder prosthesis
Authors: Nyffeler R. W. , Werner C. M. L. , Simmen B. R. , Gerber C.
Published: November 2004

A reversed Delta III total shoulder prosthesis was retrieved post-mortem, eight months after implantation. A significant notch was evident at the inferior pole of the scapular neck which extended beyond the inferior fixation screw. This bone loss was associated with a corresponding, erosive defect of the polyethylene cup. Histological examination revealed a chronic foreign-body reaction in the joint capsule. There were, however, no histological signs of loosening of the glenoid base plate and the stability of the prosthetic articulation was only slightly reduced by the eroded rim of the cup.
The flexion gap in normal knees
Authors: Tokuhara Y. , Kadoya Y. , Nakagawa S. , Kobayashi A. , Takaoka K.
Published: November 2004

Varus and valgus joint laxity of the normal living knee in flexion was assessed using MRI. Twenty knees were flexed to 90° and were imaged in neutral and under a varus-valgus stress in an open MRI system. The configuration of the tibiofemoral joint gap was studied in slices which crossed the epicondyles of the femur.

When a varus stress was applied, the lateral joint gap opened by 6.7 ± 1.9 mm (mean ± sd; 2.1 to 9.2) whereas the medial joint gap opened by only by a mean of 2.1 ± 1.1 mm (0.2 to 4.2). These discrepancies indicate that the tibiofemoral flexion gap in the normal knee is not rectangular and that the lateral joint gap is significantly lax. These results may be useful for adequate soft-tissue balancing and bone resection in total knee arthroplasty and reconstruction surgery on ligaments.
Phenol
Authors: Weber Manfred , Weber Markus , Kleine‐Boymann Michael
Published: November 2004

The article contains sections titled:

1.Introduction2.Physical Properties3.Chemical Properties4.Production4.1.Cumene Oxidation (Hock Process)4.2.Toluene Oxidation4.3.Phenol from Coal4.4.Other Processes4.4.1.Sulfonation of Benzene4.4.2.Chlorination of Benzene4.4.3.Direct Oxidation of Benzene5.Environmental Protection6.Quality Specifications7.Storage and Transportation8.Uses and Economic Aspects9.Toxicology and Occupational Health
Resonant geometries for circulation pattern macroinstabilities in a stirred tank
Authors: Roussinova V. T. , Kresta S. M. , Weetman R.
Published: November 2004

Circulation pattern macroinstabilities and precessing vortices are known to exist in stirred tanks, but until recently they have eluded a full quantitative analysis. In this article, frequency analysis of the axial velocity reveals a resonant frequency and geometry for the 45° pitched‐blade turbine (PBT) in a flat‐bottom cylindrical tank. Unlike other axial impellers, such as the hydrofoils A310 and HE3, the PBT produces a large‐scale circulation macroinstability at the scale of the vessel diameter. The macroinstability is superimposed on the turbulent random fluctuations with a timescale that is very long compared to the blade passage frequency and the inertial convective range of the turbulent cascade. In this article it is shown that the circulation pattern macroinstabilities generated by the 45° PBT are coherent and propagate throughout the tank only under very specific conditions (D = T/2 and C/D = 0.50). The normalized frequency of the coherent macroinstability, or Strouhal number, is fMI/N = 0.186. This corresponds to a period of roughly five rotations of the impeller, or 20 individual blade passages. The laser Doppler velocimeter data used in this work are unevenly spaced because they are collected in burst detection mode. This severely complicates spectral or frequency analysis. Standard algorithms such as the fast Fourier transform, autocorrelation methods, and wavelet analysis all require evenly spaced data. The Lomb periodogram was successfully used to extract the low‐frequency content of the unevenly spaced data with a higher accuracy than is possible with other methods. The Lomb method also eliminates a short time‐averaging step that was required in earlier work. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 2986–3005, 2004
Increased D1 dopamine receptor signaling in levodopa‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Aubert Incarnation , Guigoni Céline , Håkansson Kerstin , Li Qin , Dovero Sandra , Barthe Nicole , Bioulac Bernard H. , Gross Christian E. , Fisone Gilberto , Bloch Bertrand , Bezard Erwan
Published: November 2004

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. Although changes affecting D1 and D2 dopamine receptors have been studied in association with this condition, no causal relationship has yet been established. Taking advantage of a monkey brain bank constituted to study levodopa‐induced dyskinesia, we report changes affecting D1 and D2 dopamine receptors within the striatum of normal, parkinsonian, nondyskinetic levodopa‐treated parkinsonian, and dyskinetic levodopa‐treated parkinsonian animals. Whereas D1 receptor expression itself is not related to dyskinesia, D1 sensitivity per D1 receptor measured by D1 agonist‐induced [35S]GTPγS binding is linearly related to dyskinesia. Moreover, the striata of dyskinetic animals show higher levels of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and of the dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of 32kDa (DARPP‐32). Our data suggest that levodopa‐induced dyskinesia results from increased dopamine D1 receptor–mediated transmission at the level of the direct pathway. Ann Neurol 2004
Preparation and properties of cellulose–olefinic thermoplastic elastomer composites
Authors: Nagatani Asahiro , Endo Takashi , Hirotsu Takahiro , Furukawa Mutsuhisa
Published: November 2004

Fibrous cellulose (fibrous W400) was substantially dried and mechanically milled with stearic acid under several conditions. Milled with 2 wt% stearic acid at a rotational speed of 200 rpm for 24 h, fibrous W400 were pulverized into fine flake‐shaped particles (flake‐shaped W400) with an average particle size of ca. 10 μm. Composites of the flake‐shaped W400 and olefinic thermoplastic elastomer (TPV) were prepared under melt mixing and passed through an open roll to orient the particles. The tensile properties of the composites without any compatibilizer were deteriorated with increasing content of the particles. However, the tensile modulus and hardness of the composites prepared by the addition of a compatibilizer (CA‐60) were increased with increasing content of particles, because of the strong adhesion between flake‐shaped W400 and TPV. The damping properties of the composites were improved in comparison with TPV. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 144–148, 2005
Airtight butyl rubber under high pressures in the storage tank of CAES‐G/T system power plant
Authors: Terashita Fumihiro , Takagi Shingo , Kohjiya Shinzo , Naito Yasutoshi
Published: November 2004

The compressed air up to the maximum pressure of 8 MPa is stored in the storage facility of the Compressed Air Energy Storage Gas Turbine (CAES‐G/T). The interior of the storage facility is covered by air‐tight sheets to prevent a leak of this compressed air. Electricity by a power‐generating system using such a facility is the first of its kind in the world. So, we have examined the materials of the airtight sheet and found that polymeric materials were suitable. Then, a normal pressure gas permeation test was done on several synthetic resins and rubbers. Butyl rubber (IIR) was found to show the smallest gas permeability. Moreover, a high‐pressure gas permeation test was done on IIR and natural rubber (NR). The permeability of IIR at 10 MPa was estimated, and it was clear that IIR was a suitable air‐tight material for CAES‐G/T. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 173–177, 2005
Phase behavior of binary and ternary mixtures of poly(ethylene‐co‐octene)–hydrocarbons
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ho
Published: November 2004

Poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (PEO) is a new thermoplastic elastomer that has the wide variation in mechanical, thermal, optical, and elastomeric properties. The variety of PEO properties results from incorporation octene comonomer in polyethylene backbone. Because of the wide difference in the copolymer properties, it is important to know the phase boundary to optimize the copolymerization and separation processes of PEO. The cloud‐point and bubble‐point curves for poly(ethylene‐co‐15.3 mol % octene) (PEO15), which has 15.3 mol % octene repeat unit in the backbone structure, were determined in n‐pentane, n‐hexane, n‐heptane, and n‐octane. The miscibility of PEO15 in normal alkane enlarges with the size of the normal alkane because of the increasing dispersion interactions related to polarizability. The phase behavior for the ternary systems of PEO15–ethylene–octene was also investigated, where ethylene and 1‐octene are monomer and comonomer of PEO. As the concentration of ethylene in the ternary mixture increases, the miscibility of PEO15 dramatically decreases. Adding 64 wt % ethylene into the ternary mixture increases the pressure, dissolving PEO15 up to 1000 bar. In pure ethylene, PEO15 was not dissolved up to 1900 bar, 160°C. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 161–165, 2005
Stream crossings and the conservation of diadromous invertebrates in South Pacific island streams
Authors: Resh Vincent H.
Published: November 2004

Most non‐insect invertebrates that occur in streams on tropical Pacific islands are diadromous; they live as juveniles and adults in streams but have larvae that migrate to the ocean to complete their development before returning to fresh water.

The type of crossing used in the construction of roads to traverse small streams can impede upstream migration and, consequently, colonization of diadromous fauna above the stream crossing.

A stream in the Opunohu Valley, Moorea, French Polynesia, had the same diadromous fauna of atyid shrimps, palaemonid prawns, and neritid snails occurring above and below an 8 m wide, 10 m long, bottomless culvert (i.e. an open‐bottom bridge) built to flow over natural substrates. However, no diadromous species were found upstream of two 1 m diameter, 8 m long concrete pipes used for a culverted stream crossing. The increased shear stress in the pipe and subsequent downstream erosion of the stream bed probably inhibited upstream migration.

Modifications to culverted stream crossings, which are widely used on tropical islands, can reduce migration barriers and prevent upstream loss of diadromous stream fauna.

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of a virtual microscope laboratory to a regular microscope laboratory for teaching histology
Authors: Harris Tonya , Leaven Timothy , Heidger Paul , Kreiter Clarence , Duncan James , Dick Fred
Published: November 2004

Emerging technology now exists to digitize a gigabyte of information from a glass slide, save it in a highly compressed file format, and deliver it over the web. By accessing these images with a standard web browser and viewer plug‐in, a computer can emulate a real microscope and glass slide. Using this new technology, the immediate aims of our project were to digitize the glass slides from urinary tract, male genital, and endocrine units and implement them in the Spring 2000 Histology course at the University of Iowa, and to carry out a formative evaluation of the virtual slides of these three units in a side‐by‐side comparison with the regular microscope laboratory. The methods and results of this paper will describe the technology employed to create the virtual slides, and the formative evaluation carried out in the course. Anat Rec (New Anat) 265:10–14, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmembrane voltage induced on altered erythrocyte shapes exposed to RF fields
Authors: Muñoz S. , Sebastián J.L. , Sancho M. , Miranda J.M.
Published: November 2004

In this article, the transmembrane voltage induced on erythrocyte, codocyte, ovalocyte and spherocyte cell models exposed to a linearly polarised electromagnetic plane wave of frequency 1800 MHz is calculated. For this purpose, a finite element (FE) numerical technique with adaptive meshing is used. The results show that the value of the induced voltage on the original erythrocyte shape is higher than the one observed on the rest of the altered cell geometries studied. The erythrocyte shape and the membrane electric permittivity are shown to play a fundamental role on the values of the induced transmembrane voltage. Bioelectromagnetics 25:631–633, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accepting its Random Coil Nature Allows a Partial NMR Assignment of the Neuronal Tau Protein
Authors: Smet Caroline , Leroy Arnaud , Sillen Alain , Wieruszeski Jean‐Michel , Landrieu Isabelle , Lippens Guy
Published: November 2004

A combined strategy to obtain a partial NMR assignment of the neuronal Tau protein is presented. Confronted with the extreme spectral degeneracy that the spectrum of this 441 amino acid long unstructured protein presents, we have introduced a graphical procedure based on residue type‐specific product planes. Combining this strategy with the search for pairwise motifs, and combining the spectra of different Tau isoforms and even of peptides derived from the native sequence, we arrive at a partial assignment that is sufficient to map the interactions of Tau with its molecular partners. The obtained assignments equally confirm the absence of regular secondary structure in the isolated protein.
Distribution of prospective glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic neurons in embryonic and larval zebrafish
Authors: Higashijima Shin‐Ichi , Mandel Gail , Fetcho Joseph R.
Published: November 2004

Zebrafish are an excellent model for studies of the functional organization of neuronal circuits, but little is known regarding the transmitter phenotypes of the neurons in their nervous system. We examined the distribution in spinal cord and hindbrain of neurons expressing markers of transmitter phenotype, including the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) genes for glutamatergic neurons, the neuronal glycine transporter (GLYT2) for glycinergic neurons, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67) for GABAergic neurons. All three markers were expressed in a large domain in the dorsal two‐thirds of spinal cord, with additional, more ventral expression domains for VGLUT2 and GAD/GABA. In the large dorsal domain, dual in situ staining showed that GLYT2‐positive cells were intermingled with VGLUT2 cells, with no dual‐stained neurons. Many of the neurons in the dorsal expression domain that were positive for GABA markers at embryonic stages were also positive for GLYT2, suggesting that the cells might use both GABA and glycine, at least early in their development. The intermingling of neurons expressing inhibitory and excitatory markers in spinal cord contrasted markedly with the organization in hindbrain, where neurons expressing a particular marker were clustered together to form stripes that were visible running from rostral to caudal in horizontal sections and from dorsomedial to ventrolateral in cross sections. Dual labeling showed that the stripes of neurons labeled with one transmitter marker alternated with stripes of cells labeled for the other transmitter phenotypes. The differences in the distribution of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in spinal cord versus hindbrain may be tied to differences in their patterns of development and functional organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:1–18, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin immunoreactivity to sensorimotor circuitry in larval zebrafish
Authors: McLean David L. , Fetcho Joseph R.
Published: November 2004

Our previous study tracked the ontogeny of aminergic systems in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Here we use tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) immunoreactivity, in conjunction with retrograde and genetic labeling techniques, to provide a more refined examination of the potential synaptic contacts of aminergic systems. Our focus was on different levels of the sensorimotor circuit for escape, from sensory inputs, through identified descending pathways, to motor output. We observed 5‐HT reactivity in close proximity to the collaterals of the Rohon‐Beard sensory neurons in spinal cord. In the brainstem we found TH and 5‐HT reactivity closely apposed to the dendritic processes of the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle (nMLF), in addition to the ventral dendrites of the Mauthner neuron and its serial homologs MiD2cm and MiD3cm. Only TH reactivity was observed near the lateral dendrites of the Mauthner cell. TH and 5‐HT reactivity were also positioned near the outputs of reticulospinal cells in spinal cord. Finally, both TH and 5‐HT reactivity were detected close to the dendritic processes of primary and secondary spinal motor neurons. We also confirmed, using dual TH and 5‐HT staining and retrograde labeling, that the sources of spinal aminergic reactivity include the posterior tuberculum (dopamine) and inferior raphe region (5‐HT). Our data indicate that aminergic systems may interact at all levels of the sensorimotor pathways involved in escape. The identification of some of these likely sites of aminergic action will allow for directed studies of their functional roles using the powerful combination of techniques available in zebrafish. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:57–71, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential vulnerability of propriospinal tract neurons to spinal cord contusion injury
Authors: Conta Amanda C. , Stelzner Dennis J.
Published: November 2004

The propriospinal system is important in mediating reflex control and in coordination during locomotion. Propriospinal neurons (PNs) present varied patterns of projections with ascending and/or descending fibers. Following spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) in the rat, certain supraspinal pathways, such as the corticospinal tract, appear to be completely abolished, whereas others, such as the rubrospinal and vestibuospinal tracts, are only partially damaged. The amount of damage to propriospinal axons following different severities of SCI is not fully known. In the present study retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques were used to assess the projection patterns of propriospinal neurons in order to determine how this system is affected following SCI. Our findings reveal that PNs have differential vulnerabilities to SCI. While short thoracic propriospinal axons are severely damaged after injury, 5–7% of long descending propriospinal tract (LDPT) projections survive following 50 and 12.5‐mm weight drop contusion lesions, respectively, albeit with a reduced intensity of retrograde label. Even though the axons of short thoracic propriospinal cells are damaged, their cell bodies of origin remain intact 2 weeks after injury, indicating that they have not undergone postaxotomy retrograde cell death at this time point. Thus, short PNs may constitute a very attractive population of cells to study regenerative approaches, whereas LDPT neurons with spared axons could be targeted with therapeutic interventions, seeking to enhance recovery of function following incomplete lesions to the spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 479:347–359, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation and tropic/trophic effects of exogenous neural precursors in the adult spinal cord
Authors: Yan Jun , Welsh Annie M. , Bora Susan H. , Snyder Evan Y. , Koliatsos Vassilis E.
Published: November 2004

The fate of exogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the environment of the adult nervous system continues to be a matter of debate. In the present study, we report that cells of the murine NSC clone C17.2, when grafted into the lumbar segments of the spinal cord of adult rats, survive and undergo partial differentiation. C17.2 cells migrate avidly toward axonal tracts and nerve roots and differentiate into nonmyelinating ensheathing cells. Notably, C17.2 cells induce the de novo formation of host axon tracts aiming at graft innervation. Differentiation and inductive properties of C17.2 cells are independent of the presence of lesions in the spinal cord. The tropic/trophic interactions of C17.2 NSCs with host axons, the avid C17.2 cell–host axon contacts, and the ensheathing properties of these cells are related to their complex molecular profile, which includes the expression of trophic cytokines and neurotrophins such as glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, glial growth factor receptors such as ErbB‐2; and PASK, the mammalian homologue of the fray gene that is involved in axon ensheathment. These results show that NSCs might not only play a critical supportive role in repairing axonal injury in the adult spinal cord but also can be used as probes for exploring the molecular underpinnings of the regenerative potential of the mature nervous system after injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:101–114, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volatile constituents of different parts (roots, stems and leaves) of Smyrnium olusatrum L.
Authors: Bertoli Alessandra , Pistelli Luisa , Morelli Ivano , Fraternale Daniele , Giamperi Laura , Ricci Donata
Published: November 2004

Smyrnium olusatrum L. is a biennal plant growing in western and southern Europe. Several phytochemical studies have identiﬁed ﬂavonoids, phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones as main constituents. In this work the root, stem and leaf essential oils of Smyrnium olusatrum L. (Umbelliferae) collected in Urbino (Marche, Italy) were studied by GC and GC‐MS. Myrcene (1, 13 and 14%), β‐phellandrene (34, 17 and 9%), β‐caryophyllene (1, 3 and 12%), furanodiene (19, 8 and 17%), curzerene (13, 6 and 12%), germacrene B (7, 14 and 10%) and germacrone (8, 7 and 8%) were identiﬁed as the major components in the root, stem and leaf oils, respectively. SPME analysis of fresh material of the same different organs showed β‐myrcene (3, 21 and 36%), β‐phellandrene (25, 34 and 12%), β‐caryophyllene (1, 7 and 22%) and furanodiene (4, 7 and 7%) as typical components in the headspace of fresh roots, stems and leaves, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inﬂuence of type and amount of gelling agent on ﬂavour perception: physicochemical effect or interaction between senses?
Authors: Juteau A. , Tournier C. , Guichard E.
Published: November 2004

Different model food systems were made with iota‐ and kappa‐carrageenans. Their viscoelastic characteristics were determined and four different systems were classiﬁed according to their gel strength by a sensory panel. The sensory results were in total agreement with the rheological parameters (storage and loss modulus). Flavour molecules from different chemical classes and with different chain lengths for the same chemical class were then incorporated in two of the most different systems. These samples were compared for their ortho‐ and retronasal intensities. No signiﬁcant difference was perceived in odour intensity, except for ethyl hexanoate, which was found to be retained by iota‐carrageenans. Nevertheless, in‐mouth aroma perception was signiﬁcantly different between the two systems. Aroma was perceived more intensely in the less ﬁrm system. The release kinetic results are interpreted in terms of partition and mass transfer coefﬁcients. Sensory differences are not totally explained by physicochemical results, which suggests that interactions between senses may occur. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of porcine liver esterase on the color of dental resin composites by CIEDE2000 system
Authors: Kim Seung‐Heon , Lee Yong‐Keun , Lim Bum‐Soon
Published: November 2004

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the changes in color and color coordinates of dental resin composites after immersion in porcine liver esterase (PLE, 400 mU/mL; a substitute for salivary hydrolase) with CIEDE2000 color system, and to compare those with CIELAB color system. Color of resin composites was measured after immersion in PBS (phosphate buffered saline; control) or PLE up to nine weeks. Color difference (Δ E00) and changes in lightness (L′), red‐green parameter (a′), yellow‐blue parameter (b′), and chroma (C′) with CIEDE2000 system were compared. Correlation in the changes of color with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB systems was determined. Δ E00 values after a 9‐week immersion in PLE were 0.7–2.8, which were not higher than those in PBS except for a few cases. Changes in b′ and C′ values after a 9‐week immersion in PLE were generally lower than those in PBS, and were in the range of −4.0 to −0.1 and −4.0 to −0.1, respectively. Therefore, the influence of porcine liver esterase on the changes of color and color coordinates was negligible with CIEDE2000 color system. There was a significant correlation between color differences (Δ E00 vs ΔE) with CIEDE2000 and CIELAB systems [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.95, p < 0.01]. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 72B: 276–283, 2005
La3+‐promoted proliferation is interconnected with apoptosis in NIH 3T3 cells
Authors: Yu Siwang , Yuan Lan , Yang Xiaoda , Wang Kui , Ke Ya , Qian Zhong Ming
Published: November 2004

Lanthanum ion (La3+) has been reported to affect proliferation or apoptosis of different cells. In the present study, La3+ was confirmed to promote both proliferation and apoptosis of NIH 3T3 cells at the same concentrations. La3+ was shown to promote proliferation by helping the cells to pass through the G1/S restriction point and enter S phase, however, the proliferating cells induced by incubation with La3+ eventually underwent apoptosis. The proliferation and apoptosis of NIH 3T3 cells induced by La3+ were well correlated with cell cycle alterations. La3+ caused the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2; while inhibition of ERK phosphorylation by 2′‐amino‐3′‐methoxyflavone (PD98059) suppressed both proliferation and apoptosis induced by La3+. Based on the above experimental results, we postulated that La3+‐promoted proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells could be interconnected with the cell apoptosis, possibly through cell cycle machinery. Our results thus support the recent hypothesis that proliferation and apoptosis of cell are intrinsically coordinated. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of whole body Ca2+ uptake in fresh water teleosts, Channa punctatus and Cyprinus carpio in response to salmon calcitonin
Authors: Mukherjee Dola , Sen Utpal , Bhattacharyya S. P. , Mukherjee Dilip
Published: November 2004

In many fish, ultimobranchial‐derived calcitonin (CT) has been shown to be a potent hypocalcemic regulator. But an equal number of studies failed to show any correlation between CT and plasma calcium levels. Again, in fish, where CT has been shown to function as a hypocalcemic hormone, the way this is brought about is not well known. While the regulatory role of many hormones e.g., stanniocalcin, pituitary‐derived prolactin and cortisol on gill calcium (Ca2+) transport (GCAT) has been well established, very few studies have been done to examine the effects of CT on GCAT in fish. In the present study we examined the effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin (sCT) in vivo on GCAT in two distinctly different species of fresh water teleost, Channa punctatus (partially air breathing) and Cyprinus carpio (fully gill breathing). Whole body calcium uptake, a measure of GCAT, was lower in the partial air breathing fish. We found that salmon CT had significant inhibitory effect on GCAT in both the fish species, kept either in normal tap water or low‐calcium water. Fish, kept in high‐calcium water, showed little response. In parallel studies we also observed that inhibition of GCAT was correlated with simultaneous changes in plasma calcium levels in response to exogenous administration of sCT. The present findings therefore suggest that CT in fresh water teleosts regulate its hypocalcemic action through inhibition of GCAT. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:882–890, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and sperm motility in Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)
Authors: Everett Erin M. , Williams Peter J. , Gibson Glenys , Stewart Donald T.
Published: November 2004

The system of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance in Mytilus and other bivalves, termed doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), is novel among animals. Males pass on their male transmitted (M‐type) mtDNA from fathers to their sons whereas females pass on their female transmitted (F‐type) mtDNA from mothers to both sons and daughters. Thus, Mytilus males contain two distinct types of mtDNA. Interestingly, sperm contains only the paternal mtDNA. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that some female types have been able to switch their route of inheritance. These “recently masculinized” mitochondrial genomes behave as a typical M‐type in that they are transmitted from generation to generation through sperm. Because the “recently masculinized” and “standard” male mitotypes in M. edulis exhibit ≈8.7% amino acid sequence divergence, we hypothesized that these differences could affect mitochondrial, and hence sperm, functions. Furthermore, since recently masculinized mitotypes have been shown to replace standard male types periodically over evolutionary timescales, we tested the hypothesis that sperm swimming speeds would be greater for males with recently masculinized M‐type genomes. Sperm activity was videotaped, digitized and tracked. A linear mixed effects model found no significant difference in linear velocities or curvilinear speeds between the mitotypes suggesting that swimming speeds are similar for both in the period shortly after spawning. J. Exp. Zool. 301A:906–910, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can a subjective poverty line be applied to China? Assessing poverty among urban residents in 1999
Authors: Gustafsson Björn , Shi Li , Sato Hiroshi
Published: November 2004

For the first time, subjective poverty line methodology is applied to China. The data refer to 12 cities for the year 1999. A major conclusion is that poverty counts, based on the subjective poverty line, is surprisingly close to those obtained when applying the methodology used when providing official estimates on poverty in urban China. However, the opinions of the general public can differ considerably across cities. Applying the poverty line we find substantial variation across cities in the extent of poverty. Poverty status in urban China is very much related to education level of the household, to life cycle, as well as to labour market status. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral domain analysis of large (M)MIC‐structures using novel quadrature methods
Authors: Vaupel Thomas , Eibert Thomas F. , Hansen Volkert
Published: November 2004

The spectral domain approach for the solution of integral equations is especially attractive for planar circuits and antennas in multilayered environments characterized by analytically derived Green's functions. However, for circuits with large lateral dimensions the spectral integrands are strongly oscillatory and accurate evaluation of the integrals is extremely difficult and often time‐consuming. In this paper, we propose higher‐order Legendre quadrature rules optimized for the integration of the oscillating integrands using the Filon principle. The Legendre–Filon quadrature weights are computed for the specific oscillations by solving a small linear system of equations. The method is applied within a spectral domain solution approach evaluating the spectral integrals in cartesian wavenumbers and using asymptotic extraction techniques as well as complex integration path deformation for improved convergence. Since the asymptotic extraction causes a singularity in the origin of the wavenumber domain that is not annihilated by cartesian wavenumber integration, a special procedure for the treatment of this singularity is also introduced. The overall method needs very few sampling points for the numerical evaluation of the spectral integrals but is still applicable to very large structures as compared to the wavelength. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of sex and region on the carcass yield and m longissimus lumborum proximate composition of impala
Authors: Hoffman Louwrens C , Kritzinger Brian , Ferreira Abraham V
Published: November 2004

Physical morphological measurements and m longissimus lumborum proximate chemical composition of impala (Aepyceros melampus) and the effects of age, sex and region on these parameters were investigated. Impala were randomly sampled from Mara (n = 40, 24 males, 16 females), situated in the Arid Sweet Bushveld region, and Musina (n = 28, 15 males, 13 females), situated in the Mopane Bushveld region in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The live weights of the Mara (50.23 ± 9.32 kg) animals were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the Musina animals (44.25 ± 10.81 kg). The male animals from both regions were significantly heavier than the females (p < 0.05), particularly for the older animals (∼5 kg for 30‐month‐old animals and ∼10 kg for 42‐month‐old animals); however, the dressing percentages between the sexes did not differ. The Mara female group (∼62%) had significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean dressing percentages than the Musina females (∼58%). The mean proportions of external and internal offal were relatively higher in the Musina animals. No significant differences in the dressing percentages between the five age groups were found. Carcass measurements increased linearly with age. Age showed no effect on the m longissimus lumborum chemical carcass composition. Female animals (∼19.4 g kg−1) had higher (p < 0.05) lipid contents for both regions than the males (∼14.0 g kg−1) but the sex of the animal had no effect on the remaining chemical carcass composition parameters. The crude protein content of the Musina animals (248.8 ± 10.44 g kg−1) was higher (p < 0.05) than for the Mara animals (238.0 ± 8.404 g kg−1). The mean ash content of the impala m longissimus lumborum was ∼12 g kg−1. The results indicated that age effects are caused by the increases in size brought about by the growth of the animal and by the development of sexual dimorphism. Age, however, had no effect on the m longissimus lumborum proximate chemical composition. Regional differences were also shown for both the physical parameters as well as for the proximate chemical composition of the muscle. Similarly, females also differed from males for the parameters measured. These factors will have to be taken into consideration by the meat trade when purchasing, processing and marketing impala game meat. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave‐assisted extraction of bioactive saponins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)
Authors: Kerem Zohar , German‐Shashoua Hilla , Yarden Oded
Published: November 2004

Growing interest in plant secondary metabolites has brought with it the need for economical, rapid and efficient extraction protocols. Microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract saponins from chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Several MAE conditions were tested, and the method proved to be superior to Soxhlet extraction with regard to amounts of solvents required, time and energy expended. The use of a butanol/H2O mixture showed selectivity towards saponin extraction. Using TLC, two distinct saponins were observed in the various chickpea extracts. The identification of the major saponin as a DDMP‐conjugated saponin was verified using 1H and 13C NMR, for the first time in chickpea. The MAE procedure most likely contributed to the conservation of the heat‐sensitive DDMP moiety. The pure chickpea saponin exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Penicillium digitatum and additional filamentous fungi. Two Fusarium strains tested were highly tolerant to the saponin. The potential for using MAE for the efficient extraction of natural products may assist in expediting the chemical analysis and characterization of the biological activities of such compounds. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of three Spirulina species grown under similar conditions for their growth and biochemicals
Authors: Bhattacharya Susinjan , Shivaprakash MK
Published: November 2004

Growth pattern and biochemical composition of three species of Spirulina, S platensis, S laxissima and S lonar, were studied under controlled culture conditions. The chemical constituents were analysed in terms of chlorophyll‐a, phycobilliproteins, β‐carotene and phenolics (intracellular and extracellular). Of the three species S platensis showed highest growth rate, biomass, pigment concentration and low intracellular phenolics. The shortest doubling time was seen in S platensis. The results demonstrated the importance of strain selection for large‐scale cultivation. The results also showed differences in culture conditions (light intensity and pH) for the three species of Spirulina to obtain the maximum growth, as well as biochemical basis for obtaining the maximum growth in Spirulina spp. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of transglutaminase to derivatize proteins: 1. Studies on soluble proteins and preliminary results on wool
Authors: Gembeh Shirley V , Farrell Harold M , Taylor Maryann M , Brown Eleanor M , Marmer William N
Published: November 2004

The use of enzymes in chemical processing is gaining favour due to the reduction of hazardous chemicals and because it is considered to be environmentally safe. The acyl transfer reaction between primary amines and glutamine residues in proteins is catalysed by the enzyme transglutaminase. The efficiency of microbial transglutaminase to attach functional amines and catalyse inter‐ and intra‐molecular crosslinks was investigated using reduced carboxymethylated κ‐casein, gelatin and wool. Model systems used in this research gave evidence of both cross‐linking of the protein and covalent binding of the primary amine o‐phosphorylethanolamine to the protein. These data agree with earlier publications that show transglutaminase catalyses the formation of covalent cross‐links between the γ‐carboxyamide group of glutamine and the ε‐amino group of lysine and also the incorporation of primary amines into proteins. Preliminary analysis of treated wool indicated the covalent bonding of the functional amine to the protein. Our goal is to increase the value of wool by enzymatic addition of functional groups to the wool fibre. Published in 2004 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modelling of the drying curves of kiwi fruits: influence of the ripening stage
Authors: Simal Susana , Femenia Antoni , Cárcel Juan A , Rosselló Carmen
Published: November 2004

The drying behaviour of kiwi fruits at different stage of ripeness has been evaluated. A diffusional model solved by a finite difference method has been proposed to simulate the drying kinetics at different temperatures. Drying curves of ripe kiwis exhibited only one diffusional period, whereas two different diffusional periods could be observed on the drying curves of green and half‐ripe kiwis. Furthermore, the drying curves of green and half‐ripe kiwis were coincident. The effective diffusional coefficient, which was identified at different temperatures (from 40 to 80 °C) from experimental data, varied with temperature according to the Arrhenius equation. An adequate simulation of the drying curves using the proposed model was achieved. Thus, the percentage of explained variance for the drying curves of green and half‐ripe kiwis (considering two diffusional periods) was 99.7 and 99.3% for the ripe kiwis (only one diffusional period). Regarding to the characteristics of the dried kiwis, it was observed that the colour of the samples was mainly affected by the drying temperature, whereas functional properties such as hydration and fat retention capacities were mostly influenced by the stage of ripeness of the fruit. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Dopaminagonists and fibrotic valvular heart disease: Further considerations
Authors: Rascol Olivier , Pathak Atul , Bagheri Haleh , Montastruc Jean‐Louis
Published: November 2004

Companion letters have been published in this issue of Movement Disorders: Chaudhuri et al., pp 1522–1523, and Horowski et al., pp 1523–1524.
Erratum: Chronic bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation in a patient with homozygous deletion in the Parkin gene. Mov Disord 2004;19(12):1451–1453
Authors: Capecci Marianna , Passamonti Luca , Annesi Ferdinanda , Annesi Grazia , Bellesi Michele , Candiano Innocenza Claudia Cirò , Ricciuti Riccardo , Iacoangeli Maurizio , Scerrati Massimo , Zappia Mario , Tarantino Patrizia , De Marco Elvira Valeria , Civitelli Donatella , Carrideo Sara , Provinciali Leandro , Ceravolo Maria Gabriella , Quattrone Aldo
Published: November 2004

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Movement Disorders, Volume 19, Issue 12, pages 1451–1453.

In the brief report by Capecci and colleagues that appears in this issue of Movement Disorders, the authors mistakenly refer to the patient's 30‐year‐old daughter, who suffers from parkinsonism. This individual is in fact the sister of the described patient. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society