bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listening to Sound-based music: Defining a perceptual grammar based on morphodynamic theory
Authors: Wanke Riccardo D.
Published: May 2024

In this contribution, I discuss the perceptual potential of certain genres of experimental and contemporary music, commonly grouped under the label “sound-based music”. The sonic patterns typical of this music are mostly associated, during listening, with visual and tactile sensory qualities and can evoke mental representations as shapes in motion. These are the result of physical-acoustic energies organized according to a perceptual grammar whose organization follows a series of Gestalt and kinaesthetic principles. The paper explores the nature of the relationship between sound patterns of sound-based music and their mental images. Based on morphodynamic theory, it is proposed the emergence of cognitive image schemas, which are at the centre of this relationship. The image schemas depict the forces and tensions of our experience of the world (e.g., figure-background, near-far, superimposition, compulsion, blockage), as being the cognitive and experiential response to the incoming sound patterns. The sense of this music activates precisely the basic structures of sensorimotor experience by which we encounter a world that we can understand and act within, leading to a rich series of high-level associations and responses.
Rudolf Arnheim: Perceptive dynamics in musical expression
Authors: Coppola Walter
Published: May 2024

A pupil of Köhler and von Hornbostel in Berlin, Arnheim published an article in the Musical Quarterly in 1984, where he applied the principles of visual composition to the musical form. In a painting, for example, the forces of visual composition are essential for aesthetic enjoyment; in music, sounds are essential as they are always occurring in time, and this constitutes the main dynamic vector of music. Starting with the tetrachord of ancient Greek music and analysing the relationships between notes in the major and minor scales, Arnheim identifies what in the Western musical tradition represents the basis on which each note must relate: the tonal centre, the attractive motor that determines the perceptual dynamics of musical expression. Two examples, taken from Schubert and Béla Bartók, show us how the structure of the melodic construction is essential in generating different states of mind; Arnheim, however, does not stop at the simple eliciting of an emotion, but situates the musical structure in a more general framework, which refers to perceptual patterns belonging to any sphere, mental or physical, thanks to which we experience our reality.
Caesium-137 in the muscles of game animals in 2015-2022 – levels and time trend
Authors: Czerski Paweł , Gembal Magdalena , Warenik-Bany Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Radioactive caesium-137 occurring in the environment may be taken up by plants and animals and pose a trophic threat to humans. Game animals living in forest ecosystems are very good bioindicators of the level of environmental contamination by ionising radiation. The main species measurably exposed to caesium-137 are the wild boar (Sus scrofa), the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and the red deer (Cervus elaphus). The study determined the levels of Cs-137 in muscle samples of these game animals in 2015–2022.

Material and Methods

Using gamma radiation spectrometry, 858 samples of game animal muscle tissue were examined: 508 wild boar, 145 roe deer and 205 red deer samples.

Results

Concentrations of Cs-137 varied widely (from minimum detectable activity (MDA) values to over 4,000 Bq/kg). In 63.4% of cases, the obtained concentrations exceeded the MDA. The permissible limit (600 Bq/kg for food) was exceeded in nine wild boar muscle samples, whereas it was not even exceeded once in roe or red deer muscle. The average concentration in wild boar was three times higher than in roe and red deer and amounted to 42.84 Bq/kg. The highest concentration of Cs-137 in wild boar muscle was 4,195 ± 372.0 Bq/kg, in roe deer muscle it was 111.5 ± 12.50 Bq/kg, and in red deer muscle was 86.70 ± 3.470 Bq/kg.

Conclusion

The seven years’ data indicate that wild boar absorb the most caesium-137 among game animals. The concentrations of Cs-137 in the muscle of game animals in the years 2015-2022 were at a nearly constant level, a very slow diminution being noticeable over time in roe and red deer muscle.
A comprehensive review of Proficiency Testing / Interlaboratory Comparisons Policies of the EA-MLA signatories applicable to medical laboratories
Authors: Ilinca Radu , Luțescu Dan Adrian , Sfeatcu Ruxandra Ionela , Gherlan Iulian , Dănciulescu-Miulescu Rucsandra-Elena , Țâncu Ana Maria Cristina
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Proficiency Testing/Interlaboratory Comparisons play an important role that is widely accepted in demonstrating the validity of results of any laboratory and inspection body. To ensure a coherent approach in the field within an economy, accreditation bodies develop specific policies for laboratories and inspection bodies’ participation in proficiency testing/interlaboratory comparisons.

Methods

39 Proficiency Testing/Interlaboratory Comparisons policies of accreditation bodies were reviewed for key requirements: initial accreditation, participations of accreditation per accreditation cycle and acceptance criteria of PT/ILC providers.

Results

Within the analyzed policies a wide range of approaches was identified especially for the number of participations and acceptance criteria set by different bodies

Conclusions:

Even though the analyzed policies belong to accreditation bodies which are signatories of the same regional agreement, there is no harmonized approach with respect to Proficiency Testing/Interlaboratory Comparisons usage in the accreditation process
Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index (SII) on mortality in heart failure patients
Authors: Bedel Cihan , Selvi Fatih , Zortuk Ökkeş , Yildiz Gunay , Yavuz Yavuz Fatih , Korkut Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is a structural and functional disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The role of inflammation has been demonstrated in many diseases. However, the impact of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index (SII) on mortality in HF patients has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of SIRI and SII on mortality in patients diagnosed with HF.

Methods

Our research is a retrospective, single-centre study comprising patients who were diagnosed with HF and presented at the emergency department. We focused on those diagnosed with decompensated HF between January and November 2022. The study recorded the demographic information and hemogram parameters of the patients. The patients’ in-hospital mortality status was recorded and the effect of these parameters on mortality was assessed.

Results

We recruited 122 eligible patients for our research study. Patients with mortality exhibited significantly higher median SIRI levels compared to those without mortality (6.07 (1.99-12.23) vs 2.46, p=0.038), and the group with mortality had significantly higher median SII levels compared to the other group (6625.05 (4704.73-7539.51) vs. 982.48 (180.69-1929.45); p<0.001). ROC curves were generated to assess the efficacy of WBC, SIRI, SII, and CRP parameters in discriminating mortality, and it was confirmed that WBC, SIRI, and SII were all statistically significant predictors of mortality. SIRI and SII demonstrated superior diagnostic ability compared with WBC and CRP, as evidenced by their respective AUC values of 0.929 and 0.671, sensitivities of 91.7% and 50%, and specificities of 91% and 94%.

Conclusions

SIRI and SII can be used as mortality indicators in heart failure patients.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИИ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ВОЛЖСКОЙ БУЛГАРИИ В ПРЕДЕЛАХ ЗАКАМЬЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН
Authors: Зарипова Гульнур Харисовна
Published: May 2024

В статье представлена карта памятников Волжской Булгарии на территории Закамья Республики Татарстан, составленная в результате цифровизации имеющихся данных. В работе использовались карта археологических памятников Волжско-Камской Булгарии (X – пер. пол. XV вв.) Фахрутдинова Р.Г., четыре тома Археологических карт ТАССР, «Свод памятников археологии Республики Татарстан», приказ Министерства культуры РТ от 22.11.2000 №267 и данные о вновь выявленных памятниках за 2015-2018 по материалам Комитета РТ по охране объектов культурного наследия. Геоинформационная система, применявшаяся в качестве платформы для создания базы данных, позволила собрать в единое хранилище информацию о булгарских памятниках. Проведенный ГИС- анализ наглядно продемонстрировал плотность расселения в домонгольский и золотоордынский периоды. Представленные научные изыскания являются первым этапом в создании полноценной базы данных всех памятников относящихся к Волжской Булгарии, для того, чтобы обеспечить в дальнейшем возможность проведения масштабного пространственного анализа.
К ВОПРОСУ О ВРЕМЕНИ ПОСТРОЙКИ ХАНСКОЙ МЕЧЕТИ В ГОРОДЕ КАСИМОВЕ, ПО ДАННЫМ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: Ахметгалин Фарид Альбертович
Published: May 2024

В статье рассматривается история археологического изучения Ханской мечети Касимова исследованы этапы ее строительства, разрушения и восстановления. Даются результаты археологических исследований 2016 и 2020 гг. Археологические исследования позволили выявить время постройки Ханской мечети минарета, были выявлены архитектурные особенности постройки минарета и здания мечети. Так же выявлены строительные горизонты связанные с постройкой, восстановлением и достройкой здания. Исследованы фундамент мечети и минарета и выявлена глубина его залегания. В результате археологических исследований выявилось, что минарет и мечеть были построены во второй половине XVI в, во время правления хана Шах Али. Часть первоначального здания мечети, а именно часть западной стены и крыша были разрушены в 1762 год, в 1768 году здание мечети было восстановлено. В XIX в. был достроен 2-этаж и поставлена железная крыша с куполом.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ 2022-2023 ГГ. В РЕМЕСЛЕННОМ КВАРТАЛЕ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОГО ГОРОДА САРАЙ
Authors: Болдырева Екатерина Михайловна
Published: May 2024

В статье представлены предварительные результаты археологических исследований в периферийной части Селитренного городища. Здесь было обнаружено и частично исследовано 5 жилых сооружений, более десятка хозяйственных и строительных ям, несколько уличных печей-тандыров, фрагмент средневековой улицы и городской площади, а также массивная около 3 метров в глубину и в диаметре яма-водоем (хауз?) с системой оттока воды. В первый строительный период, определяемый монетами периодом правления хана Узбека, на этом месте существовала улица с отдельно стоящей уличной конструкцией, возможно горном. Затем, во 2-й период возможный горн был разрушен и на его месте возведен еще один жилой дом, представляющий собой многокомнатное строение. В этих домах было обнаружено большое количество одинаковых видов посуды т.е. они выполняли не только роль жилых построек, но и являлись складами изготовленных на продажу товаров.
АМЕРИКАНСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД ЛІДЕРСТВА ДЛЯ ЗАКЛАДІВ ФАХОВОЇ ПЕРЕДВИЩОЇ ТА ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Квас Олена
Published: May 2024

У статті здійснено аналіз американського досвіду лідерства та можливості його переосмислення й імплементації в українських закладах фахової передвищої та вищої освіти. Особливу увагу звернено на особливості трактування поняття “лідерство” американськими науковцями, осмислення ними лідерських навичок та якостей, а також здійснено аналіз їх розуміння шляхів розвитку лідерства у сучасних освітніх закладах. Доведено, що американський досвід лідерства є цінним для закладів освіти в Україні та має враховуватися при організації освітнього процесу.
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ВИКЛИКИ СУЧАСНОГО ВІЙСЬКОВО-ПАТРІОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ОФІЦЕРА ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Васянович Григорій , Щеглов Андрій
Published: May 2024

У статті аналізується сучасний стан проблем військово-патріотичного виховання в умовах війни, нав’язаної нам загарбницькою Росією. Доводиться, що військово-патріотичне виховання майбутнього офіцера Збройних Сил України (ЗСУ) здійснюється на визначеній нормативно-правовій базі, а також на моральних засадах українського суспільства. Військово-патріотичне виховання розглядається як духовний чинник, як складова бойової підготовки майбутнього офіцера ЗСУ. Обґрунтовується думка, згідно з якою стратегія військово-політичного виховання молодшого офіцера ЗСУ повинна охоплювати: громадянську зрілість, любов до Батьківщини, активну творчу діяльність, формування культурологічних та лідерських якостей.
High-Current Density Performance of a Magnetically Shielded Hall Thruster
Authors: Su Leanne L. , Roberts Parker J. , Gill Tate M. , Hurley William J. , Marks Thomas A. , Sercel Christopher L. , Allen Madison G. , Whittaker Collin B. , Viges Eric , Jorns Benjamin A.
Published: May 2024

The performance of a magnetically shielded Hall thruster operating on xenon and krypton is characterized at discharge current densities up to 10 times greater than its nominal level. A thrust stand and far-field probe suite are employed to evaluate operation at 300 V discharge voltage and discharge currents from 15 to 125 A (xenon) and from 15 to 150 A (krypton). The thrust, specific impulse, and anode efficiency at the highest currents are found to be [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] respectively for xenon, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for krypton. The thrust density at the highest conditions are shown to be six (xenon) and eight (krypton) times higher than the lowest current condition. A maximum in anode efficiency as a function of discharge current is observed for both gases. This is attributed to a trade between mass utilization, which increases to unity with current, and beam utilization, which gradually decreases with current. The dependence of these efficiency modes on current is discussed in the context of a series of first-principles scaling laws. The observation that efficiency only moderately decreases with current density is examined in the context of high-power electric propulsion development.
Design Exploration of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Using Explainable Surrogate Models
Authors: Satria Palar Pramudita , Nguyen Van Eric , Bartoli Nathalie , Morlier Joseph
Published: May 2024

Distributed electric propulsion in aircraft design is a concept that involves placing multiple electric motors across the aircraft’s airframe. Such a system has the potential to contribute to sustainable aviation by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, minimizing noise pollution, improving fuel efficiency, and encouraging the use of cleaner energy sources. This paper investigates the impact and relationship of turbo-electric propulsion component characteristics with three performance quantities of interest: lift-to-drag ratio, operating empty weight, and fuel burn. Using the small- and medium-range “DRAGON” aircraft concept, we performed design exploration enabled through the explainable surrogate model strategy. This work uses Shapley additive explanations to illuminate the dependencies of these critical performance metrics on specific turbo-electric propulsion component characteristics, offering valuable insights to inform future advancements in electric propulsion technology. Through global sensitivity analysis, the study reveals a significant impact of electrical power unit (EPU) power density on lift-to-drag ratio, alongside notable roles played by EPU-specific power and applied voltage. For operating empty weight, EPU-specific power and voltage are highlighted as critical factors, while turboshaft power-specific fuel consumption notably influences fuel burn. The analysis concludes by exploring the implications of the insights for the future development of turbo-electric propulsion technology.
Evaluating an Additive Manufactured Acoustic Metamaterial Using the Advanced Noise Control Fan
Authors: Ross Eoghan P. , Figueroa-Ibrahim Kelvin M. , Morris Scott C. , Sutliff Daniel L. , Bennett Gareth J.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the performance of a 3D printed acoustic metamaterial as an acoustic treatment for aircraft engine nacelles in the Advanced Noise Control Fan. As the level of air travel continues to increase, so too does the demand for better noise-reduction technologies for aircraft. Engines are one of the two main sources of noise generated by aircraft, with fan noise, in particular, being of concern due to its broadband and tonal contributions. Small and lightweight methods of addressing both broadband and tonal noise are necessary due to the limitations presented by the current engine design. Presented in this paper is a novel acoustic metamaterial that has undergone design optimization for broadband noise reduction. The final design was produced using 3D printing and tested using the Advanced Noise Control Fan at the University of Notre Dame. It was found that the material is capable of reducing the first harmonic of the blade passing frequency by up to 18.5 dB, with an overall noise reduction of 3.7 dB.
Analisis Resepsi Kekerasan Seksual pada Perempuan dalam Film Penyalin Cahaya
Authors: Netanya Astu P.D. Raden Roro , Kusuma Satria
Published: May 2024

The film “Penyalin Cahaya” is a film that addresses the issue of sexual violence against women. Sexual violence in Indonesia still occurs frequently, both verbally and non-verbally. The film "Penyalin Cahaya"tells the story of the sexual violence and harassment experienced by Suryani and Farah, committed by Rama, a member of Theater Matahari. The purpose of this research is to understand the interpretation of sexual violence against women in the film“Penyalin Cahaya.” The theories used in this research are reception analysis and sexual violence. This research employs a qualitative descriptive research method and uses Stuart Hall’s reception analysis. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with twelve informants and literature reviews. The results of this research explain that eight informants are categorized as dominant-hegemonic, and four informants fall into a negotiated position, but there are no informants categorized as opposition positional. According to the informants, the film “Penyalin Cahaya” is effective in representing the issue of sexual violence against women, although some informants find the plot and ending of the film not easily understandable.
POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS MAKANAN TRADISIONAL ROTI KOMPIANG SEBAGAI MAKANAN LEGENDARIS KOTA SOLO
Authors: Anggarani Asih , Hidayat Herlin , Dyah Hapsari Yudith
Published: May 2024

Upaya peningkatan ekonomi daerah dapat dilakukan dari berbagai sektor, salah satunya sektor pariwisata kuliner. Kompiang sebagai salah satu kuliner tradisional legendaris dari Solo perlu dilestarikan karena Kompiang Solo yang diproduksi oleh Hari Hariyono tinggal satu-satunya yang ada di Solo, bahkan Jawa Tengah. Perkembangan Kompiang Solo tidak sebaik perkembangan Kompiang dari Surabaya, Bali, dan NTT. Kompiang Manggarai berhasil dikembangkan hingga menjadi makanan khas oleh-oleh dari NTT. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis proses produksi, strategi pemasaran, dan upaya regenerasi usaha makanan tradisional kue Kompiang. Di dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisis SWOT terhadap usaha kue kompiang sehingga hasil analisis dapat bermanfaat bagu pengusaha kue kompiang untuk mengetahui potensi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang usaha dan pengembangan, serta ancaman terhadap usaha kompiang di masa datang. Dengan demikian, pengusaha akan dapat menentukan strategi dan pengembangan usaha yang tepat sesuai perkembangan zaman demi keberlangsungan usahanya. Penelitian akan dilakukan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh langsung dengan pengamatan ke lokasi pembuatan kue Kompiang di Solo, wawancara mendalam kepada pengusaha kue kompiang, wawancara dengan Pemkot Solo, penyebaran kuesioner kepada konsumen, dan dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Kompiang Solo memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi makanan oleh-oleh khas Solo dengan melakukan melakukan inovasi, baik dari rasa, tekstur, kemasan, dan layanan.
 
Kata kunci: (Potensi Pengembangan, Kompiang, Makanan Tradisional, SWOT)
Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de endométrio em um hospital regional do Distrito Federal
Authors: Leal Mariana da Silva , Souza Sádia Martins de Paula
Published: May 2024

Objetivos: Realizar análise do perfil epidemiológico das mulheres com diagnóstico histopatológico de Câncer de Endométrio (CE) acompanhadas em um Hospital Regional do Distrito Federal no período de 01 de janeiro de 2019 a 01 de julho de 2023. Métodos: Um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo com realização de coleta retrospectiva de dados registrados em prontuário. Foram incluídas 36 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico de CE atendidas no período de 01/01/2019 a 01/07/2023.  Resultados: Observou-se que os fatores de risco mais comum para CE foram idade avançada, raça parda, obesidade, menopausa e multiparidade, que as lesões mais frequentes foram do estádio I, classificadas como baixo risco e apresentando excelente prognóstico, que o estadiamento em nosso serviço foi o mais precoce e que estádios avançados tiveram maiores taxas de adjuvância. Conclusão: É necessário a realização de novos estudos enfatizando os fatores de risco, uma vez que nossos dados foram divergentes da literatura no que se refere à raça e à multiparidade. Uma análise que pode ser feita é em relação à miscigenação no território brasileiro, o que pode ter sido favorável para os achados. Ainda, países subdesenvolvidos têm taxas aumentadas de três ou mais gestações, questionando que a multiparidade protege contra o CE.
Percepções de mulheres com câncer de mama acerca da descoberta da doença
Authors: Carvalho Simone  Meira , Ferreira Mariana Barbosa Leite Sérgio , Abranches Iracema , Souza Karine Soriana Silva de , Rabello Mayara Siqueira , Moura Elaine Andrade , Santos Fabiane Rossi dos
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Identificar as percepções das mulheres acometidas pelo câncer de mama, atendidas em um hospital especializado em oncologia, acerca do adoecimento e suas estratégias de enfrentamento, sob a luz do Modelo de Crenças em Saúde. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo exploratório, transversal, com abordagem qualitativa, no setor de quimioterapia de um hospital oncológico, entre janeiro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. Participaram 40 mulheres, que foram entrevistadas segundo um modelo semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: A maioria das mulheres estudadas passou por cirurgia conservadora da mama e não passou por radioterapia. Parte significativa delas estava em tratamento quimioterápico. Cerca de metade da amostra notou as alterações mamárias antes da pandemia. A análise resultou nas categorias: “Percepções acerca do Câncer”, “Percepção da gravidade: Sinais e Sintomas da Doença”, “Desafios e Trajetória da Descoberta” e “Percepção dos Benefícios”. Conclusão: Os comportamentos em saúde perante o diagnóstico são influenciados pelas crenças individuais sobre as variáveis estudadas. Desta forma, entender este processo pode ser de grande valia para intervenções mais eficazes nos níveis de assistência em saúde às mulheres com câncer de mama em quimioterapia.
Use of remnant local anesthetic for improving patient experience during image-guided procedures
Authors: Botchu Rajesh , Singh Dharmendra Kumar , Iyengar Karthikeyan P.
Published: May 2024

Several techniques have been used to improve patient experience during image-guided musculoskeletal intervention. In this technical report, we report the utilization of remnant local anesthetic to bathe the needle before performing the injection which has shown to improve patient experience by decreasing the pain.
KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PENGOLAHAN KERUPUK AMPLANG DI KECAMATAN BENUA KAYONG KABUPATEN KETAPANG
Authors: Siregar Anggitio Aprian , Yurisinthae Erlinda , Suyatno Adi
Published: May 2024

Industry is a business or activity that processes raw materials or semi-finished goods into goods that have added value to make a profit. Amplang is a product made from fish mixed with tapioca flour and is very popular with the public. This food is often used as a complement to meals or as a snack. The development of small industries is one of the focuses of the Ministry of Industry because MSMEs make a large contribution to the formation of non-oil and gas processing industry GDP. In the last five years there has been an increase of 2.5 percent from 57.84 percent to 60.34 percent (Performance Report of the Indonesian Ministry of Industry, 2018). Based on the number of businesses/companies according to business field categories and small business scale, the processing industry is in the third largest position, namely 4,373,821 business units spread across Indonesia (Central Statistics Agency, 2015). It is very important to carry out studies regarding feasibility analysis, one of which is as a reference for Amplang business owners in running businesses in the business sector. Analysis is carried out to assess the feasibility of a business from a financial aspect.
APLIKASI POC KOTORAN KAMBING DAN PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL JAGUNG DI TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Ardianto M. Rafi , Surachman Surachman , Budi Setia
Published: May 2024

Jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) ialah salah satu serealia yang memiliki nilai komersil tinggi dan memiliki waktu panen lebih singkat, sehingga sangat menguntungkan untuk dibudidayakan. Tanaman jagung manis menghendaki tanah yang bersolum tebal, subur, gembur, dan banyak mengandung humus serta kandungan unsur hara yang cukupuntuk pertumbuhan dan hasil yang optimal. Penggunaan tanah gambut sebagai media tumbuh untuk tanaman jagung manis memiliki beberapa kendala diantaranya pH tanah rendah, porositas tanah yang tinggi, ketersediaan unsur hara relatif rendah dan proses dekomposisibahan organik yang berjalan lambat. Penggunaan POC kotoran kambing dan PGPR diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia dan biologi tanah gambut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan tanah gambut di Perumahan Fajar Asri, Jl. Desa Kapur, Sungai Raya, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan dari tanggal 1 Meihingga 30 Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dengan 3 taraf perlakuan. Faktor pertama konsentrasi POC kotoran kambing yaitu k1 = 40 ml/l, k2 = 50 ml/l, k3 = 60 ml/l. Faktor kedua konsentrasi PGPR yaitu p1 = 5 ml/l, p2 = 7,5 ml/l, p3 = 15 ml/l. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitianini terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, lebar daun, volume akar, bobot tongkol berkelobot dan bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian POC kotoran kambing berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan panjang daun dan terjadinya interasi pada tinggi tanaman 2 MST. Pemberian PGPR berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap semua variabel, namun memberikan interaksi pada variabel volume akar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian POC kotoran kambing konsentrasi 40 ml/l dan PGPR 5 ml/l merupakan konsentrasi efektif yang dapat digunakan dalam budidaya jagung pada tanah gambut. Kata Kunci: gambut, hasil, jagung, PGPR, POC
STATUS KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH PASANG SURUT DI DESA PODORUKUN KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA
Authors: Rahayu Suryani Endah , Riduansyah Riduansyah , Alhaddad Abdul Mujib
Published: May 2024

Lahan pasang surut merupakan lahan yang rezim airnya dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut atau sungai. Pemanfaatan lahan pasang surut sebagai lahan sawah merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktifitas lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kesuburan tanah sawah pasang surut di Desa Podorukun Kabupaten Kayong Utara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei dan pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan pada empat lahan sawah dengan luas ± 1 ha. Setiap lokasi diambil 5 titik subsample tanah menggunakan metode diagonal dengan kedalaman 0-20 cm, dan dikompositkan per masing-masing lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH tanah pada lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 4,65-4,96 termasuk kriteria masam, Karbon organik tanah berkisar antara 4,37-8,40% termasuk kriteria tinggi dan sangat tinggi, Nitrogen total tanah berkisar antara 0,33-0,66% termasuk kriteria sedang sampai tinggi, Fosfor total tanah berkisar antara 7,76-14,47 mg/100gr termasuk kategori rendah, Fosfor tersedia tanah berkisar antara 2,99-21,19 ppm termasuk kategori sangat rendah sampai sedang,Kalium total tanah berkisar antara 9,18-12,41 mg/100gr termasuk kategori sangat rendah sampai rendah, Kalium tersedia tanah berkisar antara 0,10-0,24 cmol(+)kg-1 termasuk kategori sangat rendah, KTK tanah berkisar antara 104,07-173,64 cmol(+)kg-1 termasuk kategori sangat tinggi dan Kejenuhan basa berkisar antara 1,38-2,87 % termasuk kategori sangat rendah. Status kesuburan tanah pada empat lokasi penelitian berada para kriteria rendah.
PENGARUH ABU SEKAM PADI DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BUNCIS PADA TANAH ALUVIAL
Authors: Haithami Ibnu , Anggorowati Dini , Surachman Surachman
Published: May 2024

Tanaman buncis (Phaseolus vulgris L.) merupakan tanaman sayuran polong, masuk dalam kelompok kacang-kacangan yang hasilnya dapat dipanen dalam bentuk polong muda dan polong tua. Peningkatan produksi tanaman buncis dapat dilakukan dengan cara ekstensifikasi pertanian melalui pemanfaatan tanah aluvial. salah satu upaya memperbaiki kondisi tanah pada aluvial adalah dengan pemberian bahan organik seperti abu sekam padi dan pupuk NPK yang diberikan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah aluvial serta dapat meningkatkan ketersedian nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan melihat interaksi dosis abu sekam padi dan pupuk NPK yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil buncis yang terbaik pada tanah aluvial. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 2 bulan yang dimulai pada 10 september 2023 – 11 November 2023 yang berlokasi di Gg. Matematika, Jl. Reformasi, Kec. Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial terdiri dari 3 taraf penggunaan abu sekam padi dan 3 taraf penggunaan pupuk NPK dengan masing-masing 3 ulangan setiap unit percobaan diambil 4 sampel tanaman sehingga jumlah keseluruhan 108 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan  yaitu Faktor pertama abu sekam padi (A) : a1 = 14,88 ton/ha setara dengan 93 g/polybag, a2 = 28,48 ton/ha setara dengan 178 g/polybag, a3 = 42,08 ton/ha setara dengan 263 g/polybag. Faktor kedua yaitu pupuk NPK (N) : n1 = 150 kg/ha setara dengan 1 g/polybag n2 = 250 kg/ha setara dengan 1,5 g/polybag n3 = 350 kg/ha setara dengan 2 g/polybag. variabel pengamatan meliputi umur bunga, volume akar, berat kering tanaman, jumlah polong per tanaman, berat polong segar per tanaman, berat polong per buah, panjang polong per tanaman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa pemberian dosis perlakuan terendah yaitu abu sekam padi 14,88 ton/ha dan pupuk NPK 150 kg/ha sudah dapat memberikan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman yang sama dengan dosis perlakuan lain.Kata Kunci: Abu Sekam Padi, Buncis, NPK, Tanah aluvial.
PENGARUH PERSENTASE NAUNGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PORANG DI FASE GENERATIF PADA TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Riten Arif Rahman , Palupi Tantri , Susana Rini
Published: May 2024

Tanaman porang merupakan tanaman asli daerah tropis, penghasil umbi yang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat, lemak, protein, mineral, vitamin, dan serat pangan. Peningkatan produksi porang per satuan luas dapat dilakukan diantaranya dengan cara menyediakan ruang rumbuh yang mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman porang, satu diantaranya dengan memenuhi kebutuhan intensitas cahaya yang sesuai keperluan tanaman porang, yaitu sebesar 60% - 70%. Saat ini belum diketahui persentasi naungan terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman porang pada tanah gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan persentase naungan terbaik terhadap hasil tanaman porang di fase generatif pada tanah gambut. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 6 bulan yang dimulai pada Juni 2023 sampai November 2023 yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Banjar Serasan, Kecamatan Pontianak Timur, Kota Pontianak. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan, 5 ulangan dan masing-masing ulangan terdiri 4 sampel, sehingga diperoleh 100 tanaman. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu N0: tanpa naungan, N1: intensitas naungan 45%, N2: intensitas naungan 60%, N3: intensitas naungan 75%, N4: intensitas naungan 90%. Variabel pengamatan meliputi: jumlah bulbil, berat bulbil, hari panen, diameter umbi, dan bobot umbi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa naungan dengan intensitas 90% menghasilkan hasil generatif terbaik untuk tanaman porang yang berasal dari bulbil/katak pada tanah gambut.
PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TOMAT DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT SISTEM BUDIDAYA JENUH AIR
Authors: Sona Liliana , Nurjani Nurjani , Maulidi Maulidi
Published: May 2024

Tomat (Lycopersium esculentum Mill.) merupakan produk hortikultura yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis terbaik dari pupuk hayati dan pupuk kandang ayam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tomat di lahan pasang surut sistem budidaya jenuh air. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan Golden River Camp, Desa Kalimas, Kecamatan Sungai Kakap, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, berlangsung pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial yang terdiri dari  2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama yaitu pupuk hayati  terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan  5, 10 dan 15 ml/L air  dan  faktor kedua adalah pupuk kandang ayam dengan 3 taraf perlakuan 10, 20  dan 30 ton/ha dan setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel berat kering tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap variabel tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, volume akar, luas daun, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat per buah. Pemberian pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap semua variabel penelitian dan interaksi antara pupuk hayati dan pupuk kandang ayam berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk hayati konsentrasi 15 ml/L air dan pupuk kandang ayam dosis 10 ton/ha merupakan dosis interaksi terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat di lahan pasang surut sistem budidaya jenuh air sedangkan pemberian pupuk hayati konsentrasi 5 ml/L air merupakan dosis terbaik terhadap hasil tanaman tomat di lahan pasang surut sistem budidaya jenuh air.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN NPK DAN PGPR AKAR PUTRI MALU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU PADA TANAH PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING
Authors: Ismail Aji Sarif , Maulidi Maulidi , Warganda Warganda
Published: May 2024

Tanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman Leguminosae yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Kendala pemanfaatan tanah PMK sebagai media tanam kacang hijau dihadapkan pada masalah sifat kimia yang kurang baik. Sifat kimia yang kurang baik adalah rendahnya kandungan unsur hara. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah PMK dapat yaitu pemberian pupuk NPK, karena mengandung lebih dari 1 unsur hara makro primer yang dibutuhkan tanaman dalam jumlah besar sehingga pemupukan menjadi efisien. Namun, penggunaan pupuk kimia harus diimbangi dengan penggunaan pupuk ramah lingkungan yaitu pupuk hayati PGPR akar putri malu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh dari NPK terhadap beberapa konsentrasi PGPR dan mendapatkan interaksi NPK dan PGPR akar putri malu pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau pada tanah podsolik merah kuning. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan yang berlokasi di Jl. Sepakat 2, Gg. Racana Untan. Penelitian ini berlangsung mulai dari tanggal 20 Juli hingga 13  Oktober 2023. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah (Split Plot Design) RAL dengan 2 (dua) faktor. Faktor pertama konsentrasi PGPR akar putri malu (a) sebagai main plot yang terdiri 3 perlakuan, sedangkan faktor kedua yaitu dosis NPK (b) sebagai sub plot dengan 3 perlakuan. Setiap unit percobaan diulang sebanyak 3 kali dan tanaman perpetak sebanyak 4 tanaman sehingga jumlah tanaman berjumlah 108 tanaman.  Faktor yang pertama yaitu konsentrasi PGPR sebagai main plot yang terdiri a1 = 15 ml/ℓ air, a2 = 20 ml/ℓ air, a3 = 25 ml/ℓ air. Faktor kedua yaitu dosis NPK sebagai sub plot yang terdiri b1 = 250 kg/ha, b2 = 375 kg/ha, b3 = 500 kg/ha. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu tinggi tanaman, volume akar, berat kering tanaman, jumlah seluruh polong (polong hampa dan bernas), jumlah polong bernas, berat kering biji, berat 100 biji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dosis NPK 500 kg/ha memberikan pertumbuhan da hasil tanaman kacang hijau terhadap Tinggi Tanaman 2 MST, Berat Kering Tanaman, Volume akar, Berat Kering Biji dan Berat 100 Biji kacang hijau pada tanah PMK. Konsentrasi PGPRakar putri malu 25 ml/l dan dosis NPK 375 kg/ha merupakan interaksi yang terbaik terhadap Tinggi Tanaman kacang hijau umur 4 MST pada tanah PMK dengan peningkatan 29,8%.
Anion effect in electrochemical CO2 reduction: from spectators to orchestrators
Authors: Yoo Ji Mun , Ingenmey Johannes , Salanne Mathieu , Lukatskaya Maria R.
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reducAon reacAon (eCO2RR) offers a pathway to produce valuable chemical fuels from CO2. However, its efficiency in aqueous electrolytes is hindered by the concurrent H2 evolution reaction (HER), which takes place at similar potentials. While the influence of cations on this process has been extensively studied, the influence of anions remains largely unexplored. In this work we study how eCO2RR selectivity and activity on a gold catalyst are affected by wide range or inorganic and carboxilate anions. We utilize in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) for real-time product monitoring, coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We show, that anions significantly impact eCO2RR kinetics and eCO2RR selectivity. MD simulations reveal a new descriptor – free energy of anion physisorption – where weakly adsorbing anions enable favourable CO2 reduction kinetics. By leveraging these fundamental insights, we identify propionate as the most promising anion, achieving nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency while showing high CO production rates that are comparable to those in bicarbonate. These insights underscore the vital role of anion selection in achieving highly efficient eCO2RR in aqueous electrolytes.
Statistical Analysis of HAADF-STEM Images to Determine the Surface Coverage and Distribution of Immobilized Molecular Complexes
Authors: Jeon Sungho , Nedzbala Hannah S. , Huffman Brittany L. , Pearce Adam J. , Donley Carrie L. , Jia Xiaofan , Bein Gabriella P. , Choi Jihoon , Durand Nicolas , Atallah Hala , Castellano Felix N. , Dempsey Jillian L. , Mayer James M. , Hazari Nilay , Stach Eric A.
Published: May 2024

The surface immobilization of molecular catalysts is attractive because it combines the benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, determining the surface coverage and distribution of a molecular catalyst on a solid support is often challenging, inhibiting our ability to design improved catalytic systems. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and image analysis of the individual positions of heavy atoms in transition metal complexes via a convolutional neural network (CNN) allows statistically robust determination of the surface coverage and distribution of immobilized molecular catalysts. These observations provide information about how changes in the functionalization conditions, attachment group, and structure of the molecular catalyst affect the surface coverage and distribution, providing insight into the chemical mechanism of surface immobilization. The method could be generally valuable for correlating the surface coverage and distribution to the activity, selectivity, and stability of a catalytic system.
Towards the Atomic-Level Analysis of Ground-State Electronic Structures of Solid Materials via Prediction from Core-Loss Spectra
Authors: Takahara Izumi , Shibata Kiyou , Mizoguchi Teruyasu
Published: May 2024

Local electronic structure at the ground state is essential for understanding the stability and properties of materials. Core-loss spectroscopy using electron or X-ray provides the insights into the local electronic structure, but directly observable information is limited to the partial density of state (PDOS) of the conduction band at the excited state. To overcome this limitation, we developed a machine learning (ML) approach by creating a database of Si-K core-loss spectra and corresponding ground-state PDOS for various silicon structures. Using this database, we constructed an ML model capable of predicting atom-specific ground-state PDOS of the valence and conduction bands from Si-K edges. Our model demonstrated the ability of ML to extract the complex correlation between ground-state PDOS and Si -K edges. This study provides crucial insights into achieving atomic-level analysis of ground-state electronic structures, paving the way for a deeper understanding of stability and properties of materials.
Photopatternable, Degradable, and Performant Polyimide Network Substrates for E-Waste Mitigation
Authors: Reese Caleb , Musgrave Grant , Wong Jenn , Pan Wenyang , Uehlin John , Zadan Mason , Awartani Omar , Wallin Thomas , Wang Chen
Published: May 2024

The continuous accumulation of electronic waste is reaching alarming levels necessitating sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental impact. Fabrication of the commercial electronic substrates also requires high heat. As an alternative, we propose a series of reprocessible electronic substrates based on photopolymerizable polyimides containing degradable ester linkages. We synthesize imide-containing diallyl monomers derived from readily available chemical feedstocks to produce high-quality substrates via rapid photopolymerization. Such materials possess exceptional thermal properties (thermal conductivity, K = 0.37-0.54 WmK-1; degradation temperature, Td > 300 °C), dielectric (dielectric constant, Dk = 2.81-3.05; dielectric loss, Df < 0.024) and mechanical properties (Strength ~ 50 MPa ; ultimate elongation, dL/L0 > 5%) needed in flex electronic applications. When utilized as electronic substrates, we demonstrate mild depolymerization via transesterification reactions to recover and reuse the functional components. Moreover, these photopolymer resins remain compatible with commercial workflows and enable fabrication of next-generation, dense multilayered circuits.
Acoustic Loudness Factor: An Experimental Parameter for Benchmarking Small Molecule Photoacoustic Probes
Authors: Brøndsted Frederik , Shield Harry , Moore Jerimiah , Zhou Xinqi , Fang Yuan , Stains Cliff
Published: May 2024

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality with promise as a point-of-care diagnostic. This imaging modality relies on optical excitation of an absorber followed by production of ultrasound through the photoacoustic effect, resulting in high spatial resolution with imaging depths in the cm range. Although fluorescence brightness has guided the design and optimization of improved fluorophores for fluorescence imaging, no such benchmarking parameter exists for PAI. Consequently, there is no consensus on rational design strategies to improve photoacoustic signal from small molecule dyes. Herein, we disclose the discovery of the first benchmarking parameter for small molecule dye performance in PAI, which we term the acoustic loudness factor (ALF). Importantly, ALF can predict PAI performance without the need for access to photoacoustic instrumentation. ALF enables the prediction of PAI performance for common dye classes and can be used to guide the systematic evaluation of design strategies to enhance PAI performance. Lastly, we demonstrate that enhancements in ALF are directly translatable to in vivo PAI. Akin to the use of fluorescence brightness in fluorophore design and evaluation for fluorescence imaging, we anticipate that ALF will guide the design and evaluation of improved probes for PAI.
Ice recrystallization inhibition activity of chemically defined carrageenans
Authors: Hale Julia , Furch Alisa , Gerhäuser Julian , Gaukel Volker , Wefers Daniel
Published: May 2024

Carrageenans are sulfated galactans from algae which are commonly used as thickeners, gelling agents, or stabilizers. It has been demonstrated that they also have significant ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity. Previous studies mainly focused on κ-carrageenan, but recent studies suggested that other carrageenans such as ι-carrageenans or carrageenans with multiple structural elements also have this functionality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the IRI activity of carrageenans with defined chemical structures and associated cations. For this purpose, pure κ and ι-carrageenans as well as several hybrid carrageenans showing broad heterogeneity with regards to the molecular structure and the cations present were investigated. The selected commercial samples were subsequently converted into their potassium, calcium and (in part) sodium forms. Chemical characterization of the modified carrageenans demonstrated that the molecular structure was unaltered by the applied procedures and that the carrageenans were successfully converted into the different cation forms. The analysis of the IRI activity demonstrated that both molecular structure and associated cations had an influence on carrageenan functionality. Pure κ-carrageenan and hybrid carrageenans with consecutive κ-units showed a high IRI activity, whereas ι-carrageenan was less active. For κ-carrageenan, the potassium form showed a clearly higher activity than the calcium form, whereas the calcium form was more active for hybrid carrageenans and ι-carrageenans. Our results significantly expand the knowledge on the relationship between the molecular composition and the IRI activity of carrageenans. Furthermore, they can be used to optimize carrageenan production to obtain an enhanced IRI activity.