bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediterranean diet or extended fasting's influence on changing the intestinal microflora, immunoglobulin A secretion and clinical outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia: an observational study
Authors: Michalsen Andreas , Riegert Markus , Lüdtke Rainer , Bäcker Marcus , Langhorst Jost , Schwickert Myriam , Dobos Gustav J
Published: December 2005

Background

Alterations in the intestinal bacterial flora are believed to be contributing factors to many chronic inflammatory and degenerative diseases including rheumatic diseases. While microbiological fecal culture analysis is now increasingly used, little is known about the relationship of changes in intestinal flora, dietary patterns and clinical outcome in specific diseases. To clarify the role of microbiological culture analysis we aimed to evaluate whether in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or fibromyalgia (FM) a Mediterranean diet or an 8-day fasting period are associated with changes in fecal flora and whether changes in fecal flora are associated with clinical outcome.

Methods

During a two-months-period 51 consecutive patients from an Integrative Medicine hospital department with an established diagnosis of RA (n = 16) or FM (n = 35) were included in the study. According to predefined clinical criteria and the subjects' choice the patients received a mostly vegetarian Mediterranean diet (n = 21; mean age 50.9 +/-13.3 y) or participated in an intermittent modified 8-day fasting therapy (n = 30; mean age 53.7 +/- 9.4 y). Quantitative aerob and anaerob bacterial flora, stool pH and concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were analysed from stool samples at the beginning, at the end of the 2-week hospital stay and at a 3-months follow-up. Clinical outcome was assessed with the DAS 28 for RA patients and with a disease severity rating scale in FM patients.

Results

We found no significant changes in the fecal bacterial counts following the two dietary interventions within and between groups, nor were significant differences found in the analysis of sIgA and stool ph. Clinical improvement at the end of the hospital stay tended to be greater in fasting vs. non-fasting patients with RA (p = 0.09). Clinical outcome was not related to alterations in the intestinal flora.

Conclusion

Neither Mediterranean diet nor fasting treatments affect the microbiologically assessed intestinal flora and sIgA levels in patients with RA and FM. The impact of dietary interventions on the human intestinal flora and the role of the fecal flora in rheumatic diseases have to be clarified with newer molecular analysis techniques. The potential benefit of fasting treatment in RA and FM should be further tested in randomised trials.
Pain management procedures used by dental and maxillofacial surgeons: an investigation with special regard to odontalgia
Authors: Wirz Stefan , Wartenberg Hans Christian , Nadstawek Joachim
Published: December 2005

Background

Little is known about the procedures used by German dental and maxillofacial surgeons treating patients suffering from chronic orofacial pain (COP). This study aimed to evaluate the ambulatory management of COP.

Methods

Using a standardized questionnaire we collected data of dental and maxillofacial surgeons treating patients with COP. Therapists described variables as patients' demographics, chronic pain disorders and their aetiologies, own diagnostic and treatment principles during a period of 3 months.

Results

Although only 13.5% of the 520 addressed therapists returned completely evaluable questionnaires, 985 patients with COP could be identified. An orofacial pain syndrome named atypical odontalgia (17.0 %) was frequent. Although those patients revealed signs of chronification, pain therapists were rarely involved (12.5%). For assessing pain the use of Analogue Scales (7%) or interventional diagnostics (4.6%) was uncommon. Despite the fact that surgical procedures are cofactors of COP therapists preferred further surgery (41.9%) and neglected the prescription of analgesics (15.7%). However, most therapists self-evaluated the efficacy of their pain management as good (69.7 %).

Conclusion

Often ambulatory dental and maxillofacial surgeons do not follow guidelines for COP management despite a high prevalence of severe orofacial pain syndromes.
Expanding a Telecourse with Interactive Projects
Authors: Johnson Robert L.
Published: December 2005

Weekly projects designed for an introductory psychology telecourse encourage student involvement in psychology, even for the remote learner. Interaction with other telecourse students (by phone) and with family and friends makes the telecourse much less passive and impersonal. The projects add sufficient content that the commerical one-semester package can be expanded to a three-term sequence. At the end of a year's trial period, measures of academic performance and attrition, as well as student evaluations, were all found to be positive.
Persons in the Personality Theory Course: Student Papers Based on Biographies
Authors: Mueller Susan C.
Published: December 2005

A method is described for incorporating student papers based on published biographies or autobiographies into an upper-division undergraduate personality theory course. Questions are offered for the purpose of guiding discussion and written assignments, relating text material to the biography term paper. The advantages of this method are its intrinsic student interest, its breadth of scope within a liberal arts framework, and its fostering of student critical thinking and classroom discussion.
Improving Textbook Selection
Authors: Chatman Steven P. , Goetz Ernest T.
Published: December 2005

This study describes an objective index-based textbook evaluation method that can be efficiently and reliably applied to large collections of introductory textbooks. The method was designed to help an instructor or textbook review committee reduce the pool of available introductory textbooks to a manageable number for more in-depth treatments. Initial results indicated that there was a great deal of variability among introductory educational psychology textbooks in the extent of their coverage of recent developments in cognitive psychology. Based on the dimensions assessed (key concepts and major theorists referenced), the majority of textbooks were eliminated from further consideration. The advantages and limitations of this and other textbook evaluation procedures are discussed.
Invertebrates in the Classroom
Authors: Abramson Charles I.
Published: December 2005

This article presents an inexpensive program using invertebrates in the classroom. The following information is provided: (a) the availability of review articles; (b) how to maintain and procure subjects; (c) where to obtain apparatus; and (d) how to prepare demonstrations of classical, instrumental, and avoidance conditioning.
Using Microcomputers in the Undergraduate Laboratory
Authors: Hovancik John R.
Published: December 2005

A computer-controlled experimental psychology investigation suitable for use in an undergraduate laboratory is described. The investigation examines the relationship between aesthetic preference and speed of reaction in making choices between colors generated on a video monitor. No special interfacing to the computer is required. The techniques have been used successfully and with great reliability to introduce microcomputer use to undergraduate psychology students.
Admissions Criteria for Ranking Master's-Level Applicants to Clinical Doctoral Programs
Authors: Hines David
Published: December 2005

All APA-approved doctoral programs in clinical psychology were surveyed to determine their admissions and credit transfer policies for students from master's-level programs. The results indicated that Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, recommendations, and research involvement were consistently rated as most important in ranking applicants for admission. The doctoral programs varied in the weights assigned to graduate versus undergraduate grade point averages (GPAs). Most programs indicated that students with a master's degree could reduce the time needed to complete their doctoral requirements by about a year. However, about one third of the schools indicated that little or no reduction in time was possible.
A Strategy for Teaching the History and Systems of Psychology
Authors: Hart James J.
Published: December 2005

A strategy for teaching the history and systems of psychology is described. The approach uses Kuhn's framework of paradigm. A summary of evaluations of this approach by students is included.
Assessing Students' Career Needs at a Large State University
Authors: Lunneborg Patricia W.
Published: December 2005

The results of this needs assessment indicate that not enough, students used our departmental career advising program. Comparing our results with those at Creighton University underscored the necessity to increase student usage of all our sources of information (e.g., consulting with peer advisers and attending departmental presentations), as well as their usage of all types of information (e.g., finding out about career opportunities outside of human services and learning how to write a resumé). This article offers practical strategies to promote greater use of both sources and types of information.
Teaching the Practical Research Course
Authors: Chamberlain Kerry
Published: December 2005

Practical research courses are an important component of the psychology curriculum. This article presents an approach to teaching one such course that emphasizes an experiential orientation to learning to do research. Course assignments are of two types. One is a series of specific exercises designed to teach a range of skills important for research practitioners; the other uses research projects to provide research experience. Several group-based projects furnish experience with different research strategies, and an individual project promotes application and generalization of the skills and knowledge gained. The advantages of the experiential approach to research courses are discussed. It is concluded that courses of this type are valuable, even in light of the heavy demands on the teacher.
Repeat Examinations in Introductory Statistics Courses
Authors: Friedman Herbert
Published: December 2005

In order to reduce test anxiety and to encourage the learning of course material, students were given the opportunity to offset a poor lecture examination grade by taking a second, equivalent exam. The repeat exam provided immediate reward for using the initial exam as a study guide. Students who took two or three repeat exams had higher final examination grades than those who took fewer repeats. The repeat exam procedure was well received by all students, helped weaker students to keep up with the course, and was convenient for the instructor to implement.
A Teacher is Forever: The Legacy of Harry Kirke Wolfe (1858–1918)
Authors: Benjamin Ludy T.
Published: December 2005

After studying briefly with Hermann Ebbinghaus in Berlin, Harry Kirke Wolfe became one of the first two Americans to earn a doctorate in psychology from Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. Wolfe founded one of the earliest psychology laboratories in the United States at the University of Nebraska in 1889 and remained there for most of his professional career. His contribution to psychology was as a teacher who inspired numerous students to pursue careers in psychology. The number of students was so large that the University of Nebraska ranked third among all American universities in several surveys in the 1920s that asked psychologists where the received their first inspiration to study psychology. Numbered among his undergraduates are three former presidents of the American Psychological Association: Walter Pillsbury, Madison Bentley, and Edwin Guthrie. This article traces Wolfe's career, emphasizing his blending of psychology and pedagogy, and his qualities as a teacher.
A Microcomputer-based Statistics Course with Individualized Assignments
Authors: Rogers Richard L.
Published: December 2005

This article describes my use of a microcomputer software/textbook package (Elzey, 1985), including computer-generated individualized assignments, in an introductory statistics course. Advantages and limitations of these materials are summarized and students' reactions to them are mentioned.
Psychology and Literature: A Survey of Courses
Authors: Grant Lyle
Published: December 2005

A survey of interdisciplinary courses in psychology and literature was taken. College and university catalogs from the United States and Canada were scanned to locate both psychology courses that used literary materials and literature courses in which psychological concepts and theories were taught. Instructors of 135 selected courses were mailed a letter requesting additional information about their courses and syllabi. The survey indicated that most of the courses were taught in literature departments. Psychoanalysis was found to be the dominant theoretical orientation, though a few other perspectives were represented. The syllabi were used to compile a reading list of psychological fiction for teaching and for general interest.
A Survey of Computer Use by Undergraduate Psychology Departments in Virginia
Authors: Stoloff Michael L. , Couch James V.
Published: December 2005

The various uses of computers in instruction, faculty research, and departmental administration were assessed by a survey of the 36 psychology departments at four-year colleges in Virginia. Complete responses were obtained from 29 schools. The results indicated that many faculty and clerical staff use microcomputers for a variety of purposes, including word processing, statistical analysis, data-base management, and test generation. Students frequently use microcomputers for statistical analysis and word processing. Simulation and tutorial programs are in use at over half of the responding departments. More than 50% of the schools indicated that computer use is required in undergraduate statistics or research courses, and computers are being used in many other courses as well. Apple II computers are the most popular, although IBM and 13 other brands are also being used. Our data may be useful for academic psychologists who need to know how computers are used in psychology programs, and especially for those who are planning to expand their use of computers.
Prisoner's Dilemma as a Model for Understanding Decisions
Authors: Larsen Janet D.
Published: December 2005

Two classroom demonstrations based on the prisoner's dilemma illustrate some elements of decision making. The demonstrations require minimal preparation and allow all members of the class to participate. In the first demonstrations, students ask for $1.00 or 10¢, with the condition that, if more than 20% of the class asks for $1.00, no one gets anything. In the second demonstration, pairs of students play a short matching game. The scores earned by students reflect whether they have played cooperatively or competitively.
An Undergraduate Course in Psychology and the Law
Authors: Greene Edith , Greene Edith
Published: December 2005

This article describes a course that bridged the disciplines of clinical and experimental psychology and the law. The course included discussion of issues in criminal law, such as the psychology of policing, the reliability of confessions, victimization, plea bargaining, jury decision making, and alternative dispute resolution, and in civil law, such as civil commitment, predicting dangerousness, and child custody. Course objectives, requirements, and teaching aids are outlined, and some thoughts on integrating these diverse topics are included.
Responding to the Bereaved: A Student Panel Discussion
Authors: Dodd David K.
Published: December 2005

A panel discussion in which students describe their own bereavement experiences is discussed. The purpose of this activity is to sensitize class members to bereavement issues and to discuss interpersonal responses that can provide emotional support for grieving individuals. Audience members have responded positively to the activity, reporting that it provides valuable information and increases confidence in their ability to respond to the bereaved. Panelists respond favorably to the opportunity to share their experiences and to function in a teaching capacity. Finally, by encouraging appropriate self-disclosure in a cooperative learning environment, the activity also seems to enhance class morale.
Answer Justification: Removing the “Trick” from Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Dodd David K. , Leal Linda
Published: December 2005

Answer justification (AJ) is a technique that allows students to convert multiple-choice items perceived to be “tricky” into short-answer essay questions. Convincing justifications earn students credit for missed items. The procedure is easy to administer and is very popular among students. Over 90% of both users and nonusers like having AJ available to them and recommend its use in other classes. Our technique is compared and contrasted with a similar one described by Nield and Wintre (1986). Both procedures appear to yield important benefits for students and instructors.
Responses to Instruction on Counseling Women: Does Gender Play a Part?
Authors: Gilbert Lucia Albino , Long Kay M. , Holt Richard
Published: December 2005

We investigated how instructors' gender affects students' perceptions. Three components of person perception were assessed: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The cognitive domain included evaluations of the instructor and the subject matter presented; the affective domain included emotional responses to the instructor and the subject matter; and the behavioral domain included actions in response to the instructor, operationalized as the number of questions asked by students. Ninety-eight undergraduate students enrolled in psychology classes viewed one of four videotapes. Two tapes portrayed a gender-neutral topic and two demonstrated sex-bias in counseling women. The same male and female instructors made identical presentations on each topic. Students then completed the measures. As predicted, the gender of the instructor influenced evaluations of competence and importance of the material, as well as mood states and the number and kind of questions asked. On all three components of person perception, the male instructor was viewed more positively than the female instructor. Students' sex and the type of subject matter further influenced responses, particularly in the affective and behavioral areas. Implications for teaching are discussed.
Reaction Time as a Behavioral Demonstration of Neural Mechanisms for a Large Introductory Psychology Class
Authors: Harcum E. Rae
Published: December 2005

A straightforward and effective demonstration of the difference between simple and disjunctive reaction times (RTs) is provided. Several volunteers from a large class are assigned to a control group and instructed to raise their left hands upon hearing the name of a United States president. A comparable experimental group of subjects raise their left hands if the president served after Abraham Lincoln or their right hands if the president preceded Lincoln. Faster RTs to the name Ford occur for subjects in the control group, indicating conduction over more neurons and synaptic delay when a choice of responses is required.
The Exit Interview for Graduating Seniors
Authors: Doll Paddy A. , Jacobs Keith W.
Published: December 2005

The practice of holding exit interviews with students graduating from a medium-sized university is described. Such interviews provide unique data unavailable from other sources.
Naturalistic Observation of Behavior: A Model System Using Mice in a Colony
Authors: Herzog Harold A.
Published: December 2005

Despite their importance, techniques of naturalistic observation are rarely taught in undergraduate research methods courses. This article describes exercises designed to give students experience in using methods of naturalistic observation to quantify behavior. Students construct a coding system (ethogram) of the behaviors observed in a small mouse colony. This behavioral catalog is then used to gather data by two techniques: instantaneous and focal animal sampling. The data can be used to calculate interrater reliability and then subjected to sequence analysis. The application of naturalistic observation to the quantification of human behavior is considered.
Teaching Students the Importance of Accuracy in Research
Authors: Cronan-Hillix Terry
Published: December 2005

Experimental psychology courses provide students with critical research experience. Students in these courses must learn that precision in recording, analyzing, and interpreting data is an essential aspect of research. To communicate the importance of accuracy in doing research, students should be assigned grades of A or F for the results sections of laboratory reports. Papers receiving Fs could be resubmitted for reduced grades until they are free of errors.
Pharmacokinetics of 7-carboxymethyloxy-3‘,4’,5-trimethoxy flavone (DA-6034), a derivative of flavonoid, in mouse and rat models of chemically-induced inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kim Eun J , Chung Mi Y , Son Mi W , Kwon Jong W , Yoo Moohi , Chung Hye J , Lee Myung G
Published: December 2005

The pharmacokinetics (including distribution in the gastrointestinal tract) of 7-carboxymethyloxy-3‘,4’,5-trimethoxy flavone (DA-6034) has been investigated in several mouse and rat models of chemically-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the female ICR mouse model, IBD was induced by dextran sulfate and the mice administered 30 mg kg−1 DA-6034 intravenously or orally. In the male SJL mouse model of IBD induced by oxazolone, 30 mg kg−1 DA-6034 was administered orally. In the male Sprague—Dawley rat model of IBD induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), 10 mg kg−1 DA-6034 was administered intravenously and orally. After intravenous administration, the total area under the plasma concentration—time curve from time zero to the last measured time, t, in plasma (AUC0-t) values were comparable between control and dextran sulfate-induced IBD mice, and between control and TNBS-induced rats. This suggested that the disposition of DA-6034 was not affected considerably by dextran sulfate in mice and TNBS in rats. However, after oral administration in mice and rats with IBD, the AUC0-t values were greater compared with the respective controls. This could have been due to an increase (slow) in the gastrointestinal transit time (in IBD mice and rats, the percentages of the oral dose recovered from the rinsing fluid of the small intestine and large intestine as unchanged drug were greater and smaller, respectively), and an increase in intestinal permeability.
Contributions of Trf4p- and Trf5p-dependent polyadenylation to the processing and degradative functions of the yeast nuclear exosome
Authors: EGECIOGLU DEFNE E. , HENRAS ANTHONY K. , CHANFREAU GUILLAUME F.
Published: December 2005

The nuclear exosome is involved in a large number of RNA processing and surveillance pathways. RNase III cleavage intermediates destined to be 3′-processed or degraded can be detected when the Rrp6p subunit of the nuclear exosome is absent. Here we show that these processing and degradation intermediates are polyadenylated, and that their polyadenylation is dependent on the activity of Trf4p and Trf5p, two variant poly(A) polymerases. Polyadenylation of cleavage intermediates was inhibited when Trf4p was absent, and reduced to various extents in the absence of Trf5p, suggesting that these two poly(A) polymerases play functionally distinct roles in the polyadenylation of these RNA species. Finally, in the absence of Trf4p, we observed 3′-extended forms of the U4 snRNA that are similar to those observed in the absence of Rrp6p. These results suggest that polyadenylation of RNA processing intermediates plays a functional role in RNA processing pathways and is not limited to RNA surveillance functions.
Allograft reconstruction for bone sarcoma of the tibia in the growing child
Authors: Ramseier L. E. , Malinin T. I. , Temple H. T. , Mnaymneh W. A. , Exner G. U.
Published: December 2005

The outcome of tibial allograft reconstruction after resection of a tumour is inconsistent and has a high rate of failure. There are few reports on the use of tibial allografts in children with open growth plates. We performed 21 allograft reconstructions (16 osteoarticular, five intercalary) in 19 consecutive patients between seven and 17 years of age. Two had Ewing’s sarcoma, one an adamantinoma and 16 osteosarcoma, one with multifocal disease.

Five patients have died; the other 14 were free from disease at the time of follow-up. Six surviving patients (eight allograft reconstructions) continue to have good or excellent function at a mean of 59 months (14 to 132). One patient has poor function at 31 months. The other seven patients have a good or excellent function after additional procedures including exchange of the allograft and resurfacing or revision to an endoprosthesis at a mean of 101 months (43 to 198). The additional operations were performed at a mean of 47 months (20 to 84) after the first reconstruction.

With the use of allograft reconstruction in growing children, joints and growth plates may be preserved, at least partially. Although our results remain inconsistent, tibial allograft reconstruction in selected patients may restore complete and durable function of the limb.
A comparison of bilateral uncemented total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hutchinson J. R. M. , Parish E. N. , Cross M. J.
Published: December 2005

In a series of 1304 patients (1867 knees), the results of simultaneous and staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty were compared with each other and with unilateral total knee arthroplasty. The bilateral procedures had a significantly higher rate of complications than unilateral procedures, almost entirely because of thromboembolic problems. However, this did not correspond to an increase in mortality. If a bilateral procedure was indicated, then a simultaneous procedure had no increased risk over a staged procedure. There was no increase in cardiovascular complications, the rate of deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism or mortality. The rate of infection was lower with a bilateral procedure and the overall revision rate was less than 1% in all groups. The prosthesis functioned as well in all groups in the medium and longer term periods.

We feel that simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty is a safe and successful procedure when compared with a staged bilateral procedure. It also has the added benefit of single anaesthetic, reduced costs and decreased total recovery time when compared to a staged bilateral procedure. For these reasons it should be considered as an option in the presence of bilateral knee joint disease.
Histomorphometric and mechanical analysis of the hydroxyapatite-bone interface after electromagnetic stimulation
Authors: Fini M. , Giavaresi G. , Giardino R. , Cavani F. , Cadossi R.
Published: December 2005

We investigated the effect of stimulation with a pulsed electromagnetic field on the osseointegration of hydroxyapatite in cortical bone in rabbits. Implants were inserted into femoral cortical bone and were stimulated for six hours per day for three weeks.

Electromagnetic stimulation improved osseointegration of hydroxyapatite compared with animals which did not receive this treatment in terms of direct contact with the bone, the maturity of the bone and mechanical fixation. The highest values of maximum push-out force (Fmax) and ultimate shear strength (σu) were observed in the treated group and differed significantly from those of the control group at three weeks (Fmax; p < 0.0001; σu, p < 0.0005).
Randomised controlled trials of immediate weight-bearing mobilisation for rupture of the tendo Achillis
Authors: Costa M. L. , MacMillan K. , Halliday D. , Chester R. , Shepstone L. , Robinson A. H. N. , Donell S. T.
Published: December 2005

We performed two independent, randomised, controlled trials in order to assess the potential benefits of immediate weight-bearing mobilisation after rupture of the tendo Achillis. The first trial, on operatively-treated patients showed an improved functional outcome for patients mobilised fully weight-bearing after surgical repair. Two cases of re-rupture in the treatment group suggested that careful patient selection is required as patients need to follow a structured rehabilitation regimen. The second trial, on conservatively-treated patients, provided no evidence of a functional benefit from immediate weight-bearing mobilisation. However, the practical advantages of immediate weight-bearing did not predispose the patients to a higher complication rate. In particular, there was no evidence of tendon lengthening or a higher re-rupture rate. We would advocate immediate weight-bearing mobilisation for the rehabilitation of all patients with rupture of the tendo Achillis.
Bone morphogenetic protein 7 in the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
Authors: Fabeck L. , Ghafil D. , Gerroudj M. , Baillon R. , Delincé Ph.
Published: December 2005

We describe a 13-year-old boy with atrophic tibial pseudarthrosis associated with neurofibromatosis who had undergone nine unsuccessful operations. Eventually, union was obtained by the use of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in conjunction with intramedullary stabilisation and autologous bone graft.
Notching of the femoral neck during resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip
Authors: Beaulé P. E. , Campbell P. A. , Hoke R. , Dorey F.
Published: December 2005

During hip resurfacing arthroplasty, excessive valgus positioning or surgical technique can result in notching of the femoral neck. Although mechanical weakening and subsequent fracture of the femoral neck are well described, the potential damage to the retinacular vessels leading to an ischaemic event is relatively unknown. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, we measured the blood flow in 14 osteoarthritic femoral heads during routine total hip replacement surgery, before and after notching of the femoral neck. In ten hips there was a reduction in blood flow of more than 50% from the baseline value after simulated notching of the femoral neck. Our results suggest that femoral head vascularity in the osteoarthritic state is similar to the non-arthritic state, where damage to the extraosseous vessels can predispose to avascular necrosis. Surgeons who perform resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip should pay careful attention to these vessels by avoiding excessive dissection around the femoral neck and/or notching.
Osteogenic potential of cells in vitro derived from haemarthrosis of the knee induced by injury to the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Lee S. Y. , Miwa M. , Sakai Y. , Kuroda R. , Niikura T. , Kurosaka M.
Published: December 2005

We have investigated whether cells derived from haemarthrosis caused by injury to the anterior cruciate ligament could differentiate into the osteoblast lineage in vitro. Haemarthroses associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries were aspirated and cultured. After treatment with β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid and dexamethasone or 1,25 (OH)2D3, a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed. Matrix mineralisation was demonstrated after 28 days and mRNA levels in osteoblast-related genes were enhanced.

Our results suggest that the haemarthrosis induced by injury to the anterior cruciate ligament contains osteoprogenitor cells and is a potential alternative source for cell-based treatment in such injury.
Who is the ideal candidate for autologous chondrocyte implantation?
Authors: Krishnan S. P. , Skinner J. A. , Bartlett W. , Carrington R. W. J. , Flanagan A. M. , Briggs T. W. R. , Bentley G.
Published: December 2005

We investigated the prognostic indicators for collagen-covered autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-C) performed for symptomatic osteochondral defects of the knee.

We analysed prospectively 199 patients for up to four years after surgery using the modified Cincinnati score. Arthroscopic assessment and biopsy of the neocartilage was also performed whenever possible. The favourable factors for ACI-C include younger patients with higher pre-operative modified Cincinnati scores, a less than two-year history of symptoms, a single defect, a defect on the trochlea or lateral femoral condyle and patients with fewer than two previous procedures on the index knee. Revision ACI-C in patients with previous ACI and mosaicplasties which had failed produced significantly inferior clinical results. Gender (p = 0.20) and the size of the defect (p = 0.97) did not significantly influence the outcome.
An equinus deformity of the ankle accounts for only a small amount of the increased forefoot plantar pressure in patients with diabetes
Authors: Orendurff M. S. , Rohr E. S. , Sangeorzan B. J. , Weaver K. , Czerniecki J. M.
Published: December 2005

Patients with diabetes mellitus may develop plantar flexion contractures (equinus) which may increase forefoot pressure during walking. In order to determine the relationship between equinus and forefoot pressure, we measured forefoot pressure during walking in 27 adult diabetics with a mean age of 66.3 years (sd 7.4) and a mean duration of the condition of 13.4 years (sd 12.6) using an Emed mat. Maximum dorsiflexion of the ankle was determined using a custom device which an examiner used to apply a dorsiflexing torque of 10 Nm (sd 1) for five seconds.

Simple linear regression showed that the relationship between equinus and peak forefoot pressure was significant (p < 0.0471), but that only a small portion of the variance was accounted for (R2 = 0.149). This indicates that equinus has only a limited role in causing high forefoot pressure. Our findings suggest caution in undertaking of tendon-lengthening procedures to reduce peak forefoot plantar pressures in diabetic subjects until clearer indications are established.
Fullerene-tethered oligothiophenes as advanced molecular electronics materials
Authors: Otsubo Tetsuo , Aso Yoshio , Takimiya Kazuo
Published: December 2005

This article reviews the recent progress of fullerene-tethered oligothiophenes as advanced molecular electronics materials. By covalent linkage with fullerenes, oligothiophenes can be modified into intelligent functional materials. In addition to the characteristics of oligothiophenes as well as fullerenes, these linkage systems show intriguing physical properties such as photoinduced electron transfer, energy transfer, and ambipolar conductivity, caused by interactions between both components. These properties are of great use for the wide applications of the linkage compounds to devices. Their practical uses for photovoltaic cells and field effect transistors are demonstrated.
New chiral phosphorus ligands with spirobiindane backbone for asymmetric hydrogenations
Authors: Xie Jian-Hua , Zhu Shou-Fei , Fu Yu , Hu Ai-Guo , Zhou Qi-Lin
Published: December 2005

Chiral spiro phosphorus ligands including monophosphoramidites and diphosphines, which contained 1,1'-spirobiindane as a backbone, were designed and synthesized. These spiro ligands were proven to be highly efficient for rhodium- and ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations of prochiral olefins and ketones with excellent enantioselectivities.
Searching for Guarantees in the Midst of Uncertainty: Negotiating Aboriginal Rights and Title in British Columbia
Authors: BLACKBURN CAROLE
Published: December 2005

In this article, I analyze the concern over the concept of “certainty” in relation to Aboriginal rights, treaties, and economic prosperity in the province of British Columbia, Canada. In the context of treaty negotiations in British Columbia, certainty requires that the Aboriginal rights of a First Nation be legally transformed into a set of treaty rights. This transformation moves these rights from a state of “uncertainty” to a state in which they are “certain,” and is said to encourage investment in resource industries like forestry and mining. I argue that treaty negotiations are a form of governmentality that helps regulate a population, mediates between Aboriginal‐rights claims and the demands of global capital, and produces effects of state sovereignty. I also argue that the focus on undefined Aboriginal rights as the source of economic uncertainty fails to acknowledge the lack of certainty inherent within capitalism.
Beads, Bifaces, and Boats: An Early Maritime Adaptation on the South Coast of San Miguel Island, California
Authors: ERLANDSON JON M. , BRAJE TODD J. , RICK TORBEN C. , PETERSON JENNA
Published: December 2005

Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene sites on California's Channel Islands provide evidence for early maritime activity, including the use of seaworthy boats. Numerous early shell middens have been identified, but specific information on the maritime peoples who occupied them is limited. Our research at CA‐SMI‐608, a roughly 9,500‐year‐old shell midden on San Miguel Island, produced a relatively large assemblage of bifaces and other chipped stone artifacts, shell beads, worked bone, and well‐preserved faunal remains. Food remains are dominated by mussels, abalones, and other shellfish from the rocky intertidal, but fish, sea mammal, and sea bird remains were also recovered. These data provide a detailed view of early maritime activities along an arid coastline previously considered marginal to human settlement.
The Traffic in Brides
Authors: GRANT BRUCE
Published: December 2005

Petr Lom's film, Bride Kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan, offers viewers a striking visual narration of the deeply routinized practices of bride capture in contemporary Central Asia. In this review, I offer historical context eschewed by the film, observing how, contrary to popular belief, bride kidnapping increased under Russian imperial supervision. It later dwindled in the activist Soviet period, but rose again in the relative anarchy of the postsocialist landscape. What the film invites but does not explicitly entertain is a complex arithmetic of culturally coded understandings of volition, personal property, and alliance.
Reinventing the Museum: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on the Paradigm Shift
Authors: SILVERMAN HELAINE
Published: December 2005

Reinventing the Museum: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on the Paradigm Shift. Gail Anderson, ed. Marburg an der Lahn: Basilisken Press, 2004. 401 pp.
Mapping Yoruba Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities
Authors: CATERINE DARRYL VICTOR
Published: December 2005

Mapping Yoruba Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities. Kamari Maxine Clarke. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. 345 pp.
Threads: Gender, Labor, and Power in the Global Apparel Industry
Authors: BARBER PAULINE GARDINER
Published: December 2005

Threads: Gender, Labor, and Power in the Global Apparel Industry. Jane L. Collins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. 207 pp.
Indian and Nation in Revolutionary Mexico
Authors: HALEY BRIAN D.
Published: December 2005

Indian and Nation in Revolutionary Mexico. Alexander S. Dawson. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004. 240 pp.
Middle Eastern Lives in America
Authors: FURANI KHALED
Published: December 2005

Middle Eastern Lives in America. Amir Marvasti and Karyn D. McKinney. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 171 pp.
Andean Archaeology
Authors: BURGER RICHARD L.
Published: December 2005

Andean Archaeology. Helaine Silverman, ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. 342 pp.
Simulating the Collaborative Cross: Power of Quantitative Trait Loci Detection and Mapping Resolution in Large Sets of Recombinant Inbred Strains of Mice
Authors: Valdar William , Flint Jonathan , Mott Richard
Published: December 2005

It has been suggested that the collaborative cross, a large set of recombinant inbred strains derived from eight inbred mouse strains, would be a powerful resource for the dissection of complex phenotypes. Here we use simulation to investigate the power of the collaborative cross to detect and map small genetic effects. We show that for a fixed population of 1000 individuals, 500 RI lines bred using a modified version of the collaborative cross design are adequate to map a single additive locus that accounts for 5% of the phenotypic variation to within 0.96 cM. In the presence of strong epistasis more strains can improve detection, but 500 lines still provide sufficient resolution to meet most goals of the collaborative cross. However, even with a very large panel of RILs, mapping resolution may not be sufficient to identify single genes unambiguously. Our results are generally applicable to the design of RILs in other species.
The Evolution of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Types: Integrating Segregation, Inbreeding and Outbreeding
Authors: Engelstädter Jan , Charlat Sylvain , Pomiankowski Andrew , Hurst Gregory D D
Published: December 2005

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is a reproductive incompatibility induced by maternally transmitted bacteria of the genera Wolbachia and Cardinium. In the simplest form of CI, offspring from infected males and uninfected females suffer from increased mortality. However, it has been noted that crosses between males and females carrying different strains of infection are often also incompatible. The evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of new CI-compatibility types are still not resolved. Here, we develop a model that extends previous theoretical approaches by including segregation of bacterial strains during transmission as well as a continuum of breeding systems ranging from inbreeding (complete sib mating) to outbreeding (complete sib-mating avoidance). Our results demonstrate that (1) with segregation of strains, evolution is unlikely to lead to new CI types that co-occur as a double infection with the preexisting one, (2) inbreeding substantially hampers the evolution of new CI types, and (3) outbreeding facilitates the evolution of new CI types. Our model also provides a hypothesis on the evolutionary origin of CI.
New Method of Sedation in Oral Surgery
Authors: Juodzbalys Gintaras , Giedraitis Rimvydas , Mačhiulskienė Vita , Huys Luc W. J. , Kubilius Ricardas
Published: December 2005

Local anesthesia, the well-known method of sedation, usually is insufficient for dental implantation and the augmentation of the alveolar ridge, because the operations last for 1 to 2 hours and patients may experience fear and strain. This article examines a new complex sedation method using ketorolac, midazolam, and a local anesthetic 4% solution of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine (Septanest) in combination with a vasoconstrictor. This method was applied to 67 patients operated on for dental implantation with screw implants or for the alveolar ridge augmentation with biocompatible materials. The control group, which consisted of 20 patients, received local anesthesia with articaine-epinephrine only. Most of the control patients were found to have experienced fear and strain during the aforementioned surgical procedures; their blood pressure and pulse rate increased, and more than half of them experienced pain. No disorders of hemodynamics or the psychoemotional status of the patients were observed during sedation with ketorolac, midazolam, and articaine-epinephrine. Furthermore, anterograde amnesia was determined for the 80% of the patients in the test group.
The Use of Laser-welded Titanium Framework Technology: A Case Report for the Totally Edentulous Patient
Authors: Jackson Brian J.
Published: December 2005

Laser-welded technology has become a viable alternative to the conventional lost wax-casting technique in the field of implant dentistry. Studies have demonstrated the predictable nature of laser-welded titanium frameworks for endosseous implants in the partial and totally edentulous patient. A standardized impression and fabrication procedure is required for an accurate and predictable superstructure. More long-term studies are needed for more widespread acceptance and usage by dental practitioners.
Efficient Non-Contractible Investments in Finite Economies
Authors: Cole Harold Linh , Mailath George J. , Postlewaite Andrew
Published: December 2005

Individuals making investments typically do not have incentives to invest efficiently when they cannot contract prior to their decisions. When they bargain over the surplus generated by their investments, they will usually not obtain the full fruits of the investment. Intuitively, this hold-up problem should be ameliorated if, in the bargaining stage, each agent has alternatives to the partner he is bargaining with. We characterize the matching and division of surplus in finite economies for any initial investment decisions. We provide conditions on those decisions that guarantee that each agent will capture the change in the aggregate social surplus that results from any investment change he makes. We further show that for any given problem, there exists a bargaining rule by which pairs split their surplus that will support efficient investment choices in equilibrium. We also show, however, that overinvestment or underinvestment can occur for natural bargaining rules.
Reinforcement Learning in Repeated Interaction Games
Authors: Bendor Jonathan , Mookherjee Dilip , Ray Debraj
Published: December 2005

We study long run implications of reinforcement learning when two players repeatedly interact with one another over multiple rounds to play a finite action game. Within each round, the players play the game many successive times with a fixed set of aspirations used to evaluate payoff experiences as successes or failures. The probability weight on successful actions is increased, while failures result in players trying alternative actions in subsequent rounds. The learning rule is supplemented by small amounts of inertia and random perturbations to the states of players. Aspirations are adjusted across successive rounds on the basis of the discrepancy between the average payoff and aspirations in the most recently concluded round. We define and characterize pure steady states of this model, and establish convergence to these under appropriate conditions. Pure steady states are shown to be individually rational, and are either Pareto-efficient or a protected Nash equilibrium of the stage game. Conversely, any Pareto-efficient and strictly individually rational action pair, or any strict protected Nash equilibrium, constitutes a pure steady state, to which the process converges from non-negligible sets of initial aspirations. Applications to games of coordination, cooperation, oligopoly, and electoral competition are discussed.
Local Conventions
Authors: Ely Jeffrey C
Published: December 2005

It is shown that player mobility has important consequences for the long-run equilibrium distribution in dynamic evolutionary models of strategy adjustment, when updating is prone to small probability perturbations, i.e. “mistakes" or “mutations." Ellison (1993) concluded that the effect on the matching process of localized “neighborhoods" was to strengthen the stability of risk-dominant outcomes, originally demonstrated by Kandori, Mailath, and Rob (1993) (KMR) and Young (1993). I consider a model in which players can choose the neighborhoods to which they belong. When strategies and locations are updated simultaneously, only efficient strategies survive. The robustness of this conclusion is emphasized in a general locational model in which strategy revision opportunities are allowed to arrive at a faster rate than opportunities to change locations. The efficient strategy persists in all cases in which the locational structure is non-trivial. Moreover, even as the relative frequency of player mobility approaches zero, the efficient strategy occurs with boundedly positive relative frequency. This result is in stark contrast to the conclusions of the previous models.