bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Reflections on the Place of Aesthetics and Politics in American Studies
Authors: Schweighauser Philipp
Published: August 2023

This essay probes some of the limitations of currently dominant political readings within American Studies to suggest that a return to Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten’s original definition of aesthetics as “the science of sensuous cognition” might help Americanists overcome artificial divides between aesthetic and political approaches to American literature. Drawing on Baumgarten, Russian Formalism, the Frankfurt School, and reception aesthetics, I take Diane Williams’s experimental microstory “There Should Be Nothing Remarkable” as my tutor text to argue that aesthetics comes before politics in the sense that any inquiry into the cognitive and social functions of literary texts must be preceded by analyses of the specific forms these texts take.
Contact, Friction, Exclusion : Australia’s “Utopian” Federation
Authors: Brun Marilyne
Published: August 2023

This paper focuses on the White Australia Policy, a restrictive immigration policy that existed from the Federation of the six Australian colonies in 1901 until Australia’s shift to a multicultural policy in the 1970s. The paper centres on the discourses and ideologies that justified the need for a white Australia at the time of Federation ; such discourses were structured around the postulate that contact between different cultures would necessarily lead to intense and unmanageable friction, and required the full exclusion of non-white others. Such a postulate seemed to be confirmed by the Australian colonies’ direct experience of race riots in the nineteenth century, but it was also supported by theorisations of racial conflict based on interpretations of James Bryce’s The American Commonwealth (1888) and Charles Pearson’s National Life and Character : A Forecast (1893). Australia’s central postulate crystallised many of the tensions that characterised settler colonialism in the British Empire.
Upsetting the Body Politic(s) : Witches as Enemy Agents in Rupert Goold’s Macbeth (2010)
Authors: Skweres Artur
Published: August 2023

L’adaptation cinématographique de Macbeth par Rupert Goold en 2010 offre une perspective intéressante sur le thème des frictions et des heurts. En adaptant la pièce éponyme, le réalisateur a décidé non seulement de situer le film dans le contexte du régime soviétique, mais également d’accroître l’importance du rôle des trois sorcières. Bien que les sorcières, sinistres entités en arrière-plan des principaux événements de la pièce, choquent les spectateurs par leur violence, elles réussissent à ne jamais éveiller les soupçons des personnages. Si leur rôle exact est sujet à débat, leur malveillance œuvre de façon subtile mais visible à l’atmosphère de conflit dans l’adaptation. L’article s’attache à démontrer que les sorcières du film de Goold sont des agents de discorde : par leurs actions dissimulées, le royaume se trouve confronté à des dissensions et des conflits initiés de l’intérieur.
Techne, the Visual Arts and Literary Genres : Fractal Epic of the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Cimitile Anna Maria
Published: August 2023

Bien que les genres soient des données circonscrites, la question du genre s’appréhende aujourd’hui en termes de fluidité, voire de corruption ou de contamination (Derrida). On peut penser que la contribution critique du XXIe siècle à la discussion sur les genres littéraires dépend de la manière dont cette fluidité est conçue. La technologie joue un rôle capital dans le développement des œuvres d’art aujourd’hui et grâce à elle, des plans que l’on tenait pour éloignés sont devenus proches. Ma réflexion part de l’interrogation suivante : qu’advient-il des genres lorsqu’ils migrent de l’espace littéraire vers d’autres médias ? Les genres traditionnels (le dramatique, l’épique et le lyrique, selon la classification aristotélicienne) se transforment-ils en fonction des espaces qu’ils traversent et des contiguïtés qu’ils créent ? Dans quelle mesure le poétique est-il affecté par la technè ?

Je propose que l’on continue de poser des questions d’ordre littéraire dans nos analyses des textes et même des documents visuels, surtout lorsque ceux-ci ont partie liée avec l’espace littéraire. Dégager la littérarité des textes, et même des documents visuels (les styles, genres, modes et formes auxquels ils appartiennent), en d’autres termes, interroger l’acte de lecture, demeure une activité essentielle de la critique. J’explore la manière dont le genre classique de l’épopée est utilisé dans un environnement technologique et mon étude porte sur la façon dont l’épopée est réinventée dans deux films numériques de John Akomfrah, artiste travaillant à Londres, The Nine Muses (2010) et Vertigo Sea (2015).
At the Crossroads of Cognition and Emotion : Wonder, a Multifunctional and Polysemous Marker
Authors: Lacassain-Lagoin Christelle
Published: August 2023

Wonder belongs to two subclasses of cognition verbs. As a lexical verb, it appears in sentences expressing either an affective stance or a mental process. Wonder licenses a wide range of complements, mainly preposition phrases (e.g. about-PP, af-PP) and various types of finite clauses (e.g. if-clauses, Wh-clauses, that-clauses). Moreover, wonder can also be used as a discourse marker, in parenthetical constructions or in exclamatory sentences, for instance. The present study sets out to accomplish three main goals : first, to establish whether each syntactic construction or type of complementation matches with one particular meaning— cognition or emotion ; second, to determine the discursive uses of wonder, both in its cognitive and emotive senses ; third, to shed light on the parameters and factors that allow for a unified perspective on wonder. To achieve this, a qualitative, corpus-based analysis is conducted, which helps to understand to what extent different grammatical codings embody specific ways of viewing the scene. First, the definitions of the concepts involved — cognition and emotion— and verbal typologies are presented in Section 1, which is also devoted to the definition of wonderand the respective characteristics of cognitive and emotive verbs. Section 2 presents the methodology employed to collect data for the study, as well as a corpus-based typology of the complements of wonder. The two sections that follow focus on cognitive wonder and emotive wonder, and their respective prototypical constructions, while underlining their differing discursive functions. Finally, a synthesis of all the meanings and uses of wonder is proposed, bringing to light that wonder is a telling example of the continuum existing between the intellectual, cognitive pole and the subjective, emotive pole. This continuum is iconic of the unbroken chain of cognitive processes in the human mind, which implies that the structure of the lexical field of cognition mirrors the organisation of cognitive phenomena. The study shows that syntax is motivated by meaning : the noninterchangeable syntactic constructions contribute to both conveying a particular meaning and carrying out a precise discursive function.
“Tired, emotional and very very happy. Fantastic day #AFC.” The Expression of Emotions on Twitter during the 2014 European Elections
Authors: Albu Elena
Published: August 2023

Exprimer et susciter des émotions différentes est une stratégie communicative stratégiquement exploitée par les politiciens à l’occasion de campagnes électorales. Cet article vise à expliquer comment les politiciens qui se sont présentés aux élections européennes de 2014 ont exprimé leurs émotions sur la plate-forme Twitter. Afin de mieux comprendre comment les émotions sont transmises et interprétées dans le milieu numérique, les questions suivantes sont posées : (1) Quelles émotions sont fréquemment utilisées ? (2.) Comment sont-elles distribuées ? (3.) Comment ces émotions sont-elles représentées au niveau linguistique ?

Nous utilisons les outils et les méthodes fournis par la linguistique de corpus et des analyses du type corpus-based et corpus-driven sont effectuées. Le logiciel TXM est employé pour les concordances et l’analyse des données (Heiden 2010). Le corpus analysé comprend les tweets envoyés dans un délai de quatre semaines par les candidats britanniques aux élections parlementaires européennes en mai 2014. Les résultats de l’analyse indiquent que les types d’émotions les plus représentés sont «bonheur», «tristesse» et «peur» sous la forme d’adjectifs et de noms. Les tweets contenant «bonheur» et «tristesse» sont directement associés aux politiciens, exprimant leurs propres émotions, tandis que «surprise» et «peur » sont présents dans les tweets qui représentent des attaques virulentes contre les opposants.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ENDOCARP SAWIT UNTUK STABILISASI TANAH LUNAK PEATLAND
Authors: Misnawati  , Marlia Adriana  , Norminawati Dewi  , Suhaimi
Published: August 2023

During this use Endocarp mostly produced by the oil palm plantation industry. Research is done by mixing Endocarp oil palm that has been sun-dried with maximum dry conditions along with soft clay soil with a content of Endocarp 4%, 6%, and 8%. The sample used in this study is a samples undisturbed , and samples disturbed  prepared in the laboratory by mixing clay and Endocarp with a variation of the mixture used is 4%, 6%, and 8% from one bag of clay weighing 2 kg. There is a mix Endocarp the following results were obtained: equal to 1.37 gram/cm3 with a water content of 24.72% (original soil). The CBR value of the mixture Endocarp this study 4%, 6%, 8% obtained the result that the CBR value is mixed Endocarp 4% has the greatest CBR value, which is equal to 7.99% (Unsocked) and 6.69% (socked). The UCT value of the soil will increase in the presence of a mixture Endocarp until mixed Endocarp added by 4% and the UCT value will decrease after the mixture Endocarp above 8% fiber content, maximum UCT value is produced in the mixture Endocarp 4% with a qu value of 0.9295 kg/cm2. The value of the soil shear resistance (su) on the test Vane Shear Test continued to improvement in the mixture Endocarp as much as 4% worth 92 kPa (25 blow condition).
PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEUANGAN DAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Jonathan Jonathan , Mungniyati Mungniyati
Published: August 2023

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the variables that affect firm value. The independent variables are the company's size, profitability, leverage, liquidity, capital structure, investment decisions, independent commissioners, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership. This study uses secondary data from financial and annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021. It uses a purposive sampling method to select 131 companies that met the criteria. Hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression analysis through the IBM SPSS Version 2.5. The results of this study indicate that firm size and independent commissioners influence the firm value. On the other hand, profitability, leverage, liquidity, capital structure, investment decisions, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership do not influence firm value.
Природна мова і математична логіка в контексті ідей В.М. Глушкова
Authors: Кривий Сергій Лук’янович
Published: August 2023

Розглядається підхід до побудови онтологоподібних систем для дослідження природомовних текстів з метою видобування з них знань, побудови бази знань для перевірки цих знань на суперечність/несуперечність на основі синтактико-семантичного аналізу текстів з використанням дескриптивних логік. Основна увага в роботі приділяється логічному аналізу добутих знань. Природномовний текст, з точки зору видобування знань, які в ньому знаходяться, та аналізу цих знань на сумісність (несуперечність), їх неповноту та істинність, складає одну з основних проблем побудови систем штучного інтелекту. Знання, акумульовані в природномовному тексті, представляються у формально-логічному вигляді, тобто у предикативній формі. Необхідність такого представлення полягає в тому, що знання може бути істинним, хибним, неповним або не мати ніякого звʼязку з реальністю. Основним завданням логічного аналізу є перевірка не істинності окремо взятих фактів, а їх несуперечності (сумісності) в цілому. Розглядаються загальні риси логічного аналізу знань, добутих з природномовного тексту. Ідея полягає в тому, щоб повʼязати результати і засоби лінгвістичного аналізу та формальної логічної мови. Цей звʼязок дозволяє розвʼязати проблему перевірки сумісності знань, добутих з тексту, генерувати нові знання як наслідки з добутих фактів, поповнювати факти у разі їх неповноти тощо. На даний час одним з основних засобів реалізації такого підходу до аналізу виступають онтології та онтологічні бази знань. Розглядається окремий випадок онтологічної системи, у якої термінології є ациклічними, і алгоритм семантичного табло, орієнтований на такий тип онтології. Робота присвʼячується століттю з дня народження Віктора Михайловича Глушкова, ідеї якого знаходять своє втілення в життя.
Adaptive myriad filtering algorithms for removal of nonstationary noise in electrooculograms
Authors: Tulyakova Nataliya , Trofymchuk Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

Suppressing nonstationary noise present in biomedical signals is important to provide high-quality diagnoses. Nonstationary noise is difficult for removing due to its time-varying and previously unknown characteristics. The application of linear filtering to the electrooculograph (EOG) signals leads to the smoothing of diagnostically important rapid changes in a signal caused by saccadic eye movements. In this respect, for processing edges and other discontinuous transitions, nonlinear filters based on robust estimators are more appropriate. The paper introduces novel adaptive algorithms for real-time nonlinear filtering of nonstationary noise in EOG signal with a noise- and signal-dependent filter switching, which is more appropriate for processing a local vicinity of the current input signal sample. One of the algorithms is based on myriad filters and sub-filter weighted FIR (which inite Impulse Responce) myriad hybrid filters. It suggests replacing the median with a myriad operation, calculated by Newton¢s numerical technique with adaptive switching of window length and linearity parameter settings. The other algorithm adaptively switches sub-filter weighted FIR median hybrid and averaging filters with different window lengths, offering simpler calculations and high-speed performance. These algorithms do not require time for filter parameters modification and their exact tuning during real-time signal processing and a prior knowledge of the signal model and noise variance. Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the filtering quality based on criteria of mean-square error and signal-to-noise ratio for a model signal under different levels of Gaussian noise. The achieved results show good performance and algorithm high quality for suppression of nonstationary noise in EOG. The myriad type adaptive algorithm prevails over the median in effectiveness but requires a numerical technique for cost function minimization, however, myriad filtering real-time implementation is possible with utilization of high-speed computers. Suggested adaptive algorithms significantly improve the efficiency of nonadaptive filters.
Спогади про співпрацю з Віктором Михайловичем Глушковим
Authors: Петров Вячеслав Васильович
Published: August 2023

Кожен оцінює людину, подію або предмет зі своєї точки зору, яка зумовлена вихованням, освітою, особливостями його характеру тощо.
Recognizing gestures of the ukrainian dactylic alphabet
Authors: Глибовець Андрій Миколайович , Бікчентаєв Микола Олексійович
Published: August 2023

Sign language is a visual way of communicating used by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. It involves handshapes, facial expressions, and body movements to convey meaning. Sign language helps the deaf community interact with each other and the hearing world, allowing them to participate fully in society. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) over 5 % of the world’s population – or 430 million people — experience problems with hearing. More than 44,000 people with hearing impairments are registered with the Ukrainian Society of the Deaf, an all-Ukrainian public organization for the disabled. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop new software, available to the public, that would allow quickly and effectively learn and understand sign language. This work aims to review gesture recognition techniques and develop a system for detecting and classifying gestures of the Ukrainian dactylic alphabet. Two main approaches to gesture recognition, glove-based and computer vision-based (CV), are explained, with the latter being preferred due to its flexibility and widespread usage. The text elaborates on deep learning-based approaches, particularly LSTM networks, and the advantages they offer in automatically learning features from raw image data. The process of creating a dataset for training the gesture classification model is described, which involves recording videos of hand gestures and extracting keypoints using Google MediaPipe. The mo­del training phase is detailed, covering the architecture of the LSTM-based classifier, optimization algorithms, and loss functions. The resulting model achieves an accuracy of 98.4% on the test dataset. A program for real-time gesture recognition is developed using Python and relevant libraries. The program utilizes a webcam feed to detect and classify hand gestures, displaying the top three predicted letters of the Ukrainian dactylic alphabet. The scientific novelty of the obtained results: the paper presents a method that utilizes hand keypoints for recognizing hand gestures of the Ukrainian dactyl alphabet. Also, as part of the development of the gesture recognition system, a data set was collected, where each gesture corresponds to 50 videos of 65 frames. The practical significance of the results obtained: the model obtained as a result of the study can be used to interpret the gestures of the Ukrainian dactylic alphabet. The dataset collected for training this model can be used in other works to train or validate similar models. The paper might be of use to the ones who are interested in developing similar systems for gesture recognition.
Dinamika dan Stabilitas Populasi pada Model Penyebaran COVID-19 dengan Vaksinasi dan Migrasi Penduduk
Authors: Resmawan Resmawan , Yahya Lailany , Nuha Agusyarif Rezka , S. Ali Sri Meylanti
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the mathematical model of the spread of COVID-19 by considering vaccination and population migration. The former model is analyzed by determining the equilibrium point, basic reproduction number, analyzing the stability of the equilibrium point, sensitivity analysis, and accompanied by numerical simulation. Analysis of the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points using the Routh-Hurwitz Criteria and the Castillo-Chaves and Song theorems. The results of the analysis show that there are two equilibrium points, namely a disease-free equilibrium point (T1), which is locally asymptotically stable when R0 1, and an endemic equilibrium point (T2), which is locally asymptotically stable when R0 1. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis showed that the most sensitive parameters to changes in the basic reproduction number were the emigration rate parameter (m2) and the infection probability parameter after contact between infected and susceptible individuals without vaccination (h). In addition, the numerical simulation results show that the sensitive parameter values, namely m2, h, zse, g, and # have a significant effect on the basic reproduction numbers. Suppressing the chance of infection in susceptible individuals and the rate of contact between susceptible and exposed individuals, as well as increasing the number of individuals who emigrate and who are vaccinated, can reduce the transmission of COVID-19.
Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index
Authors: Anggara Yogi , Munandar Arif
Published: August 2023

RNN is a type of artificial neural network used to handle problems that require sequential data processing. ANFIS is a method that combines the advantages of fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks to create a system, so can adapt the parameters it uses according to the obtained data so that it can build an automated inference system. In this research, we make combination of RNN in ANFIS, which makes ANFIS able to accept input in the form of time series data so that ANFIS can recognize patterns contained in the time series data and its suitable for forecasting cases in the Jakarta Islamic Index. The membership functions used are three Gaussian functions. The results of the RNN-ANFIS Hybrid model training provide an interpretation that the first membership function represents the trend change indicator value, the second membership function represents the closing price change value in the last eight days, and the third membership function represents the pattern change value in the trend. The model for the Jakarta Islamic Index provides very good predictions with an MSE value of 0.001 and an MAE of 0.246.
Perluasan Masalah Isoperimetrik pada Bangun Ruang
Authors: Setiawan Andri , Hakim Denny Ivanal , Neswan Oki
Published: August 2023

In this paper, several extensions of the isoperimetric problem in solid figures are explored, focusing on oblique and right prisms with rectangular, right-angled triangular, and regular hexagonal bases. The objective of this research is to find the prism with the largest volume while keeping the surface area constant. Through manipulations of algebra and simple trigonometry, evidence is obtained that a right prism provides a larger volume than an oblique prism if their surface areas are equal. By utilizing partial derivatives of a two-variable function and the Lagrange multiplier method, conditions for the side lengths are derived to obtain the prism with the maximum volume. The results show that a cube is the solution to the isoperimetric problem, meaning it has the largest volume among prisms with rectangular bases, while for the isoperimetric solution on prisms with right-angled triangular bases, the base of the prism must be an isosceles right-angled triangle. A regular hexagonal prism has a larger volume than prisms with rectangular and right-angled triangular bases if their surface areas are the same.
Teori Titik Tetap untuk Tipe Kannan yang Diperumum dalam Ruang b-Metrik Modular Lengkap
Authors: Hayati Afifah , Sofiyati Noor , Kartika Dwiani Listya
Published: August 2023

Some generalizations of Banach's contraction principle, which is a fixed-point theorem for contraction mapping in metric spaces, have developed rapidly in recent years. Some of the things that support the development of generalization are the emergence of mappings that are more general than contraction mappings and the emergence of spaces that are more general than metric spaces. The generalized Kannan type mappings are one of the mappings that are more general than contraction mappings. Furthermore, some of the more general spaces than metric spaces are b-metric spaces and modular b-metric spaces, which bring the concept of b-metric spaces into modular spaces. The fixed-point theorems for generalized Kannan-type mappings on b-metric spaces have been given. Therefore, this research aims to define generalized Kannan-type mappings on modular b-metric spaces and provide fixed point theorems for the generalized Kannan-type mappings on complete modular b-metric spaces. The definition of generalized Kannan type mapping in modular b-metric spaces is given by generalizing generalized Kannan type mappings in b-metric spaces. Then, the proof of fixed-point theorems for that mapping in modular b-metric spaces is carried out analogously to the proof of the fixed-point theorems for that mapping given in b-metric space. In this article, we obtain the definition of Kannan-type mappings and fixed-point theorems for generalized Kannan-type mappings in modular b-metric spaces and some consequences of the fixed-point theorem. In proving the theorem, a property of altering distance functions in b-metric spaces is generalized into modular b-metric spaces.
Recommendations to Create Programming Exercises to Overcome ChatGPT
Authors: Berrezueta-Guzman Jonnathan , Krusche Stephan
Published: August 2023

Large language models, such as ChatGPT, possess the potential to revolutionize educational practices across various domains. Nonetheless, the deployment of these models can inadvertently foster academic dishonesty due to their facile accessibility.In practical courses like programming, where hands-on experience is crucial for learning, relying solely on ChatGPT can hinder students’ ability to engage with the exercises, consequently impeding the attainment of learning outcomes.This paper conducts an experimental analysis of GPT 3.5 and GPT 4, gauging their proficiencies and constraints in resolving a compendium of 22 programming exercises. We discern and categorize exercises based on ChatGPT’s ability to furnish viable solutions, alongside those that remain unaddressed. Moreover, an evaluation of the malleability of the solutions proposed by ChatGPT is undertaken. Subsequently, we propound a series of recommendations aimed at curtailing undue dependence on ChatGPT, thereby fostering authentic competency development in programming. The efficaciousness of these recommendations is underpinned by their integration into the design and delivery of an examination as part of the corresponding course.
Plagiarism Detection and its Effect on the Learning Outcomes
Authors: Berrezueta-Guzman Jonnathan , Paulsen Markus , Krusche Stephan
Published: August 2023

The consistent effort and autonomous problem-solving required in programming instruction presents unique educational challenges, with plagiarism being a significant factor negatively correlated with independent programming performance. The prevalence of digital communication and information exchange further complicates this issue.This research paper aims to investigate and discern patterns of plagiarism among first-year computer science undergraduates. To investigate the research questions, we conducted three controlled experiments. The first experiment demonstrated that students were more likely to commit plagiarism when provided with the opportunity to do so. The second experiment corroborated this, showing a tendency for plagiarism among students who had not previously been exposed to any plagiarism mitigation strategies. The third experiment revealed that early awareness of plagiarism mitigation strategies leads to enhanced student performance, indicating that awareness of these measures acts as a stimulant for autonomous learning.
Abril rojo o el retorno de las antiguas dualidades
Authors: Prendes Guardiola Manuel
Published: August 2023

Con el presente artículo se busca identificar en la novela Abril rojo (2006) de Santiago Roncagliolo la permanencia de esquemas de interpretación de la realidad peruana procedentes de la época de formación de las repúblicas hispanoamericanas y representadas por el lema de “civilización y barbarie”. Se considera, sin embargo, que el escepticismo posmoderno propio del siglo XXI impide al mismo tiempo reconocer algún tipo de valor positivo en la modernidad. Asimismo, reconoce esa dualidad conflictiva en el imaginario de los espacios de la provincia rural andina y del remoto foco de poder que es Lima. Dicha dualidad conflictiva también se hallaría presente en las relaciones que se establecen entre los personajes, representantes de diferentes formas de ese poder (religioso, civil y principalmente militar) o bien víctimas de este (indígenas y mujeres). Presenta, en este sentido, al detective protagonista de la novela, el fiscal Chacaltana, como personaje mediador y al mismo tiempo dividido entre las fuerzas enfrentadas de un conflicto esencial en la configuración de la cultura peruana.
Luis Valle Goicochea. 90 años de literatura, afecto y singularidad
Authors: Zegarra Chrystian , Valle Quispe Juan
Published: August 2023

Presentación a cargo de los coeditores del Dossier dedicado a la obra de Luis Valle Goicochea y en conmemoración de los 90 años de la publicación del poemario Las canciones de Rinono y Papagil. Se abordan las motivaciones, el proceso de convocatoria, los objetivos, el estado de producción crítica actual en torno a LVG, así como la relación de los autores involucrados y sus aportes.
Negra espiral: estigma y vergüenza en los sueños de Luis Valle Goicochea
Authors: Ramos Arce Barbara
Published: August 2023

En el presente artículo la autora busca, a través del uso de símbolos y su interpretación, vincular el contenido de los sueños documentados por Luis Valle Goicochea con su experiencia como paciente. Para este objetivo, se revisan los textos “Sueños de un poeta” (1949) y “Angustias y temores” (1949). En ese sentido, consigue identificar fuertes manifestaciones de culpa y vergüenza, afectos que resultan compatibles con el diagnóstico del escritor.
Luis Valle Goicochea: Duas obras em português
Authors: Atanes Alessandro
Published: August 2023

En esta oportunidad, Alessandro Atanes presenta y traduce por vez primera al portugués dos breves libros de poesía de Luis Valle Goicochea: Sal (1939) y Miss Lucy King y su poema (1940). El traductor toma dos obras significativas de la Obra poética que publicó el Instituto Nacional de Cultura en 1974. Al publicar estas traducciones en bilingüe, Atanes amplía el panorama que de la obra de Valle Goicochea se tiene en Perú, en Brasil y en Latinoamérica.
Entre a literatura e a história: personagens de Mayombe e Noites de Vigília nas cenas de Angola
Authors: Ferreira Derneval Andrade , Santos Adelino Pereira dos
Published: August 2023

A partir de pressupostos teóricos  e metodológicos da Crítica Literária e da Literatura Comparada, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar traços de personagens dos romances Mayombe e Noites de Vigília, dos autores angolanos Pepetela e Boaventura Cardoso, respectivamente, não apenas como marcos do imaginário ficcional dos autores, mas, sobretudo, como representações da trama histórica recente de Angola, de que os autores foram ao mesmo tempo testemunhas e protagonistas, no sentido de que vivenciaram (e vivenciam!) seus reflexos no cotidiano do povo angolano. A análise dos romances baseou-se em uma perspectiva metodológica de comparação entre ficção e realidade histórica de Angola, o que permitiu concluir que muitas imagens representadas pela arte literária não são, simplesmente, reflexos da história, mas, sobretudo, demonstram formas de relacionamentos e pensamentos de sujeitos históricos com suas próprias histórias. Nessa concepção, os sujeitos imaginários de Mayombe (os próprios agenciadores da guerrilha), foram relacionados com as personagens de Noites de Vigília (atores que ajudam a recontar partes fragmentadas da história angolana) para que se tenha uma dimensão não apenas fictícia de elementos que recobrem a história política e cultural desse país, como também há possibilidade de se reconhecer sujeitos em suas mais variadas dimensões históricas.
ABSTRACTBased on theoretical and methodological assumptions from Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature, the objective of this work was to analyze characters from the novels Mayombe and Noites de Vigília, by Angolan authors Pepetela and Boaventura Cardoso, respectively, not only as milestones of the authors’ fictional imagination, but above all, as representations of the recent historical plot of Angola, that the authors were at the same time witnesses and protagonists, in the sense that they experienced (and experience!) their reflections in the daily life of the Angolan people. The analysis of the novels was based on a methodological perspective of comparison between fiction and the historical reality of Angola, which led to the conclusion that many images represented by literary art are not simply reflections of history, but, above all, demonstrate forms of relationships and thoughts of historical subjects with their own histories. In this conception, the imaginary subjects of Mayombe (the guerrillas' own agents) were related to the characters of Noites de Vigília (actors who help to recount fragmented parts of Angolan history) so that one can see a dimension not only of the fictitious elements that cover the political and cultural history of that country, as well as the possibility of recognizing subjects in their most varied historical dimensions.
Keywords: Mayombe, Noites de Vigília, Literature, Guerrilla, Angolan History.
PEMBUATAN LILIN AROMATERAPI DARI LIMBAH MINYAK JELANTAH Di PESANTREN QURAN WANITA AL HIKMAH BOGOR
Authors: Busalim Fauzie
Published: August 2023

Indonesia merupakan salah satu konsumen minyak goreng terbesar di dunia dan hampir semua kuliner di Indonesia menggunakan minyak goreng. Namun, minyak bekas menggoreng atau minyak jelantah yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia cenderung dibuang begitu saja. Pembuangan minyak jelantah ke tanah ataupun selokan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan minyak jelantah tersebut agar dapat dimanfaatkan kembali bahkan bernilai ekonomis bagi masyarakat. Dalam program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, kami melakukan edukasi kepada masyarakat agar dapat menghasilkan produk inovasi lilin aromaterapi dengan memanfaatkan minyak jelantah. Pemanfaatan minyak jelantah tidak hanya menyelamatkan lingkungan tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan ekonomi Kegiatan ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman bagi anak-anak Pondok Pesantren Quran Al Hikmah Bogor sebagai mitra dalam pemanfaatan minyak jelantah menjadi bahan dasar pembuatan lilin aromaterapi . Pemanfaatan minyak jelantah menjadi bahan dasar pembuatan lilin aromaterapi merupakan salah satu langkah yang mudah dilakukan. Selain itu, lilin aromaterapi juga memiliki nilai ekonomis yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif tambahan penghasilan pengelola Pesantren . Tujuan program pengabdian ini adalah memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat Pesantren Wanita Quran Al Hikmah Bogor mengenai pengelolaan limbah dari minyak goreng atau minyak jelantah untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai lilin aromaterapi sehingga mencegah pencemaran lingkungan.keluarga jika dikelolah dengan baik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PKMT ini berupa penyampaian materi tentang cara pembuatan lilin aromaterapi dari minyak jelantah dengan presentasi, audio visual yangmenggambarkan contoh produk lilin aromaterapi yang telah dibuat.
Characterization of Ga-face/Ga-face and N-face/N-face interfaces with antiparallel polarizations fabricated by surface-activated bonding of freestanding GaN wafers
Authors: Sawai Kazuki , Liang Jianbo , Shimizu Yasuo , Ohno Yutaka , Nagai Yasuyoshi , Shigekawa Naoteru
Published: August 2023

Electrical properties of heterojunctions of group-III nitrides are largely sensitive to interface charges due to the discontinuity of polarizations. By means of surface-activated bonding of double-side polished freestanding GaN (0001) wafers, we fabricate Ga-face/Ga-face and N-face/N-face interfaces with antiparallel spontaneous polarizations, i.e. interfaces with the greatest discontinuity of polarizations, to investigate their electrical and nanostructural properties. Built-in potential of N-face/N-face interface is smaller than that of Ga-face/Ga-face interface after a post-bonding annealing at 600 °C. The difference in built-in potentials between the two antiparallel polarized interfaces is analyzed in the framework of charge-neutrality-level model with effects of antiparallel polarizations incorporated, and the density of interface states is roughly estimated. The leak is enhanced in both Ga-face/Ga-face and N-face/N-face interfaces by annealing at higher temperatures. Contribution of defects observed in the vicinity of bonding interfaces is suggested.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE JOVENS ADULTOS VIVENDO COM HIV/AIDS
Authors: Fonseca Beatriz Sousa da , Azevedo Lays Silva de , Aguirre Hanna Carolina , Shibukawa Bianca Machado Cruz , Piran Camila Garollo Moraes , Furtado Marcela Demitto , Merino Maria de Fátima Garcia Lopes
Published: August 2023

O número de casos de pessoas com HIV/Aids tem aumentado, com destaque entre jovens. Objetivo: identificar na literatura evidências científicas sobre as representações sociais de adultos jovens vivendo com HIV/Aids. Metodologia: revisão integrativa conduzida nas bases: Embase; Scopus; Pubmed/MEDLINE; Web of Science, seguindo a ferramenta PRISMA. Definiu-se como população os adultos jovens que convivem com o HIV/Aids. Resultados: identificaram-se 630 estudos, desses, selecionaram-se 22 para a leitura na íntegra e três para amostra final. As principais percepções dos jovens quanto a viver com o HIV/Aids, envolveram medo, vulnerabilidade social, conhecimento insuficiente, estigma e preconceito e discriminação nos serviços de saúde, podendo conduzir o jovem a desfechos desfavoráveis. Conclusão: concluiu-se que a discussão permanente sobre a temática, a evolução das terapias antirretrovirais e a criação de centros especializados de acolhimento, ao longo de décadas, tudo isso não tem sido suficiente para que as representações dos jovens que convivem com o HIV/Aids, tenham sido alteradas. O aumento da contaminação pelo HIV entre jovens e as dificuldades dessa população, ainda hoje, em conviver com o vírus, justificam a realização de novos estudos sobre o tema, a fim de traçar estratégias que ajudem a minimizar os efeitos deletérios da doença em toda sociedade.
ﺃﺛﺭ ﺍﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣﺻﻳﻝ ﻁﻠﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺯﻝ
Authors: ﻡ.ﻡ. ﻣﺭﻭﺝ ﻣﻧﺫﺭ
Published: August 2023

ﻴﺸــﻬد اﻟﻌــﺎﻟم ﻓــﻰ اﻟﺴــﻨوات اﻻﺨﻴــرة ﺘﻘــدﻤﺎ ﻤﻠﺤوظــﺎ ﻓــﻰ ﺘطــور اﻟﻤﻌرﻓــﺔ واﻟﻌﻠــوم اﻟﻤرﺘﺒطــﺔ

 

ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺴـﺎن ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻟـﻪ اﺜـر ﻛﺒﻴـر ﻓـﻰ دﻓـﻊ اﻛﺜـر اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎت اﻟـﻰ ادﺨـﺎﻝ اﻟﺘﻐﻴـ ارت اﻟﺠذرﻴـﺔ

 

اﻟﻤﻠﻤوﺴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺘﻬﺎ واﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ وﻤﺨططﺎﺘﻬﺎ وﺒ ارﻤﺠﻬﺎ وط ارﺌق ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻤـن اﺠـﻝ ﻤﺴـﺎﻴرة

 

ﻫــذا اﻟرﻛــب واﻟﺘﻘــدم اﻟﺤﻀــﺎرى واﻟﺘﻛﻨﻠــوﺠﻰ ٬ وﻋﻠﻴﻨــﺎ ان ﻨﻔﻛــر ﻓــﻰ دور اﻻﻨﺴــﺎن ﻓــﻰ ﻋــﺎﻟم

 

اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻝ واﻟﺴﻼح اﻟﻤطﻠوب ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎح ﻓﻰ ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ٬ (ﻤﺤﻤد ٬ ٢٠٠١٬ ص .(٧

 

اﺼﺒﺤت ﻤﺴؤوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤدرس اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻫﻰ رﺴم ﻤﺨطط ﻻﺴﺘرﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘدرﻴس واﻟوﺴـﺎﺌﻝ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ

 

ﻟﺘﺤﻘـق اﻫـداﻓﺎ ﻤﺤـددة ﻤـﻊ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤـﻪ ﺒﺠﻤﻴـﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼـر اﻟﺘـﻰ ﺘـوﺜر ﻓـﻰ ﻫـذﻩ اﻻﺴـﺘرﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﺜـﻝ

 

اﻋداد ﺤﺠرة اﻟد ارﺴﺔ وطرﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻼﻤﻴذ ٬ (اﻟطوﺒﺠﻰ ٬ ١٩٨٨٬ ص .( ٣٧

 

وﻟﻛن اﺴـﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﺘـدرﻴس وط ارﺌﻘﻬـﺎ ﻤـﺎ ازﻟـت ﺘﺘﺴـم ﺒﺎﻟرﺘﺎﺒـﺔ ٬ ﻓﺎﺼـﺒﺤت اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻀـ ارت ﺘﻠﻘـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ

 

اﻋداد ﻤن اﻟطﻠﺒﺔ وﻫﻰ ﺘﺘﺴم ﺒﺎﻟﺠﻤود واﻟﺴـﻠﺒﻴﺔ وﻻ ﺘﺠﻌـﻝ اﻟطﺎﻟـب ﻤﺤـور اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ٬

 

(اﺒ ارﻫﻴم ٬ ١٩٩٧ ٬ ص ( ٩٨ .

 

ﻟذا اﺨذت اﻟﺘوﺠﻴﻬﺎت اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺤرر ﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻓﺸﻴﺌﺎ ﻤن ﻫذا اﻟﻨﻤط اﻟرﺘﻴب ﻤﺘطﻠﻌﺔ ﺒذﻟك اﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻨوع

 

ﻓـﻰ اﻻﺴـﺘرﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎت واﻟط ارﺌـق اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ اﻻﺨـرى اﻟﺘـﻰ ﺘﺴـﺘﻨد ﺒﺸـﻛﻝ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـر اﻟـﻰ ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ اﻟﻤـﺘﻌﻠم

 

ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ٬ ﺒوﺼـﻔﻪ ﻨﺸـﻴطﺎ ﻓـﺎﻋﻼ وﻤﺸـﺎرﻛﺎ اﻗـ ارن ﺒﻌﻤـﻝ ﺘﻌﻠﻤـﻰ ﺠﻤـﺎﻋﻰ ٬ ﻓﻬـو

 

ﻋﻨﺼــر اﻴﺠــﺎﺒﻰ ٬ ﻴﺸــﺎرك ﻓــﻰ اﻟﻨﻘــﺎش اﻟﺼــﺤﻔﻰ ﻤــن ﺘﺤﻠﻴــﻝ وﺘطﺒﻴــق واﺴــﺘﺨﻼص اﻻﻓﻛــﺎر

 

واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻨﻰ واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ٬ (ﺠﺎﺴم ٬ ١٩٩٦٬ ص .( ٣

 

وﻤـن ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻴـﺎﺘﻰ اﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎم ﺒﺘطـوﻴر واﺴـﺘﺤداث ط ارﺌـق واﺴـﺎﻟﻴب ﺘدرﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻌـددة ٬ اﻛﺜـر ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ

 

واﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎ ﻤن اﻟط ارﺌق واﻻﺴﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴدﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻴﺸـﻛﻝ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ اﻟﻤـدرس ﻤرﻛـز اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ

 

اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴـﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ٬ ﻓـﻰ ﺤـﻴن ﺘﺠـد اﻟطﺎﻟـب ﻤرﻛـز اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط ﻓـﻰ اﻟط ارﺌـق اﻟﺤدﻴﺜـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻰ ﺘوﻛـد

 

اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴم وﺘطوﻴر ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺎﺘﻬم ٬ (اﻟﺨواﻟدة ٬ ١٩٩٣٬ ص .( ١٠
ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻳﻡ
Authors: ﺩ. ﺧﻠﻳﻝ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ
Published: August 2023

ﻴﻌــﻴش اﻹﻨﺴــﺎن اﻟﻴــوم؛ ﻓــﻲ ﺒﺤــر ﻟﺠــﻲ ﻤــن اﻹﻋــﻼم واﻹﻋــﻼن -ﺼــﺎدﻗﻴن ﻛﺎﻨــﺎ أم

ﻛــﺎذﺒﻴن؛ إﻟــﻰ ﻫــذا اﻟﺤــد أو ذاك- اﻋﺘﻤــﺎدا ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﻤﻘــروء واﻟﻤﺴــﻤوع واﻟﻤرﺌــﻲ ٬ ﺒﺄﺸــﻛﺎﻟﻬﺎ

اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ؛ ﻛﺘـﺎب أو ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ أو ﺼـﺤﻴﻔﺔ؛ ﻤـذﻴﺎع أو ﻤﺴـﺠﻝ؛ ﺴـﻴﻨﻤﺎ أو ﺘﻠﻔزﻴـون أو اﻨﺘرﻨﻴـت أو

ﻗـرص ﻤـدﻤﺞ ... اﻟـﺦ ٬ ﻓﻬـﻝ ﻛـﺎن اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ اﻟﻘـدﻴم؛ ﻤﻌرﻀـﺎ ﻟﻺﻋـﻼم واﻹﻋـﻼن وﻤـﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ ﻤـن

 

ﺘداﺨﻝ؟

ﻫـذا ﻫـو اﻟﺴـؤاﻝ اﻟـذي ﺤـﺎوﻝ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث اﻹﺠﺎﺒـﺔ ﻋﻨـﻪ؛ اﺴـﺘﻘ ار ًء ﻟﻠﻤﺘـﺎح ﻤـن اﻟﻤﻨﺠـز

اﻟﺸﻌري اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ اﻟﻘدﻴم؛ اﻟذي ﺒـدت ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟظﺎﻫرﺘـﺎن اﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴـﺔ واﻹﻋﻼﻨﻴـﺔ واﻀـﺤﺘﻴن ٬ ﻟﻴﻠـﺘﻘط

اﻟﺒﺤث ﺠواﻨب ﻤن اﻹﻋﻼن اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ واﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ؛ اﻟﻤﻬﺘم ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻨـﺎت اﻟـزواج أو اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ؛ ﻋـدا

ﻋـن اﻹﻋـﻼن اﻟﺘﺠـﺎري ٬ ﻓﻛـﺎن ﺒﻌـض ﻫـذا اﻹﻋـﻼن ﻨﺎﺠﺤـﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻘﻘـﺎ ﻷﻫداﻓـﻪ ﻛـﻼ أو ﺠـزءا؛

إﻀـﺎﻓﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻹﻋـﻼن اﻟﻤﻀـﺎد؛ ﻨﺠـﺢ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـق أﻫداﻓـﻪ أم ﻟـم ﻴـﻨﺠﺢ ٬ وﻗـد ﻛـﺎن ﻤـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذا

اﻟﺒﺤث أﻨﻤوذﺠﺎت ﻟﻬـﺎ أﺸـﺒﺎﻩ وﻨظـﺎﺌر ﺼـﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠد ارﺴـﺔ ٬ ﻟـو ﺘـوﻓر ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻤﻬـﺘم أو ﻤﺘﺨﺼـص ٬

ﻟوﻀـﻊ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ رﺴـﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴر أو أطروﺤـﺔ دﻛﺘـو ارﻩ ٬ ﺒـﻝ ﻷﻟـف ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺒـﺎ ﻟـﻪ أﻫﻤﻴﺘـﻪ وﻻ ﺴـﻴﻤﺎ

إذا ﻨظر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐزﻝ واﻟﻤدح واﻟﻔﺨر؛ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻨﻪ ﺸﻛﻝ ﻤن أﺸﻛﺎﻝ اﻹﻋﻼن ٬ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴن ﻴﻨظر إﻟﻰ

اﻟﻬﺠــﺎء؛ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻨــﻪ ﺸــﻛﻝ ﻤــن أﺸــﻛﺎﻝ اﻹﻋــﻼن اﻟﻤﻀــﺎد ٬ ﻓــﺈن ﻟــم ﻴﻛــن ﻛــﻝ ﻤــﺎ ﻓــﻲ ﻫــذﻩ

اﻟﻤوﻀوﻋﺎت ﻤن ﺒﺎب اﻹﻋﻼن ٬ ﻓﻼ ﺸك أن ﺠواﻨب ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﺘﻘﺒﻝ اﻟﻨظر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻨﻬﺎ

 

إﻋﻼﻨﺎت أو إﻋﻼﻨﺎت ﻤﻀﺎدة.

ﺜم أن اﻟﺒﺤث ﺘﻨﺒﻪ إﻟﻰ ﺘﻨﻘﻝ اﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﻴن اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﻴن ﻤـن ﺼـف إﻟـﻰ ﺼـف ٬ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻓﻌـﻝ

(ﻛﻌـب ﺒــن زﻫﻴـر) ﺤــﻴن اﻨﺘﻘــﻝ ﻤـن ﺼــﻔوف اﻟﺠـﺎﻫﻠﻴﻴن إﻟــﻰ ﺼــف اﻟﻤﺴـﻠﻤﻴن؛ ﻤﻨﺘﺒﻬــﺎ إﻟــﻰ

ﻤﺤـﺎوﻻت اﻟﺠـﺎﻫﻠﻴﻴن اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓظـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺼـﻨﺎع اﻹﻋـﻼن ٬ ﻟﺤرﻤـﺎن ﺨﺼـوﻤﻬم ﻤـن ﻤﻨﺎﻓﻌـﻪ ﻛﻤـﺎ

 

ﻓﻌﻝ (اﺒو ﺴﻔﻴﺎن) ﻤﻊ (اﻷﻋﺸﻰ).

ﻟﻘـد اﻗﺘـﻨص ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث اﻟﻤﺘواﻀـﻊ؛ ﻋـددا ﻤﻨﺎﺴـﺒﺎ ﻤـن اﻟﺸـﻌ ارء اﻹﻋﻼﻨﻴـﻴن وﺸـﻌرﻫم

اﻹﻋﻼﻨـﻲ ٬ ﻓﻛـﺎن ﻤـﻨﻬم (اﻟﻨﺎﺒﻐـﺔ اﻟـذﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ) و(اﻷﻋﺸـﻰ)- (ﻤﻴﻤـون ﺒـن ﻗـﻴس)- و(ﻛﻌـب ﺒـن

زﻫﻴــر) و(ﻗــﻴس ﻟﻴﻠــﻰ) و(ﺠﻤﻴــﻝ ﺒﺜﻴﻨــﺔ) و(ﻛﺜﻴــر ﻋزة)و(ﻤﺴــﻛﻴن اﻟــدارﻤﻲ) و(أﺒــﺎن ﺒــن ﻋﺒــد

اﻟﺤﻤﻴد) و(أﺒو ﻨواس) و(ﻤﻬﻴﺎر اﻟدﻴﻠﻤﻲ) وﻏﻴـرﻫم ﻛﺜﻴـر ﻤﻤـن ﺠـﺎء ذﻛـرﻫم ﻓـﻲ ﻫـذا اﻟﺒﺤـث أ
ﺍﻟﻣﻘﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺛﻧﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﻳﻭﺑﻭﻟﺗﻳﻛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻧﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻳﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ
Authors: ﺻﺑﺣﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺣﻣﺩ ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ
Published: August 2023

إن اﻟدوﻟﺔ ﻛـﺈﻗﻠﻴم ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ذات ﺴـﻴﺎدة ﻋﻠـﻰ أرﻀـﻪ وﺸـﻌﺒﻪ ٬ ﻟﻛـن أﻨﻘﺴـﺎﻤﻪ اﻟـﻰ طواﺌـف

أﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﻗد ﻴﻬدد ﻛﻴﺎن اﻟدوﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ وﻗد ﻴﺤطﻤﻬﺎ ﻤن اﻟداﺨﻝ ﻓﻴﻘﺴﻤﻬﺎ أو ﻴﻌﻤﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻨﻔﺼﺎﻝ

 

ﺠزء أو أﺠ ازء ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻨﻌﻛس ذﻟك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟوزن اﻟﺠﻴوﺒوﻟﺘﻴﻛﻲ ﻟﺘﻠك اﻟدوﻟﺔ .

أن ﻤﺸــﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤــث ﻫــﻲ أن اﻟﺘﺒــﺎﻴن ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺘوزﻴــﻊ اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓــﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻘوﻤــﺎت اﻷﺜﻨوﻏ ارﻓﻴــﺔ

(اﻟﺘرﻛﻴب اﻷﺜﻨـﻰ) ﻴؤﺸـر ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻨظـﺎم اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤـﻲ اﻟﻌرﺒـﻲ وﻓرﻀـﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤـث : أن اﻟﺘرﻛﻴـب اﻷﺜﻨـﻲ

 

ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻴؤﺸر ﻓﻲ أط ارف وﻗﻠب اﻟﻨظﺎم اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ .

وأﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث واﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ اﻟﻴﻪ ﺘﻨﺒﻊ ﻤن د ارﺴـﺘﻪ اﻟﻤﻘوﻤـﺎت اﻷﺜﻨوﻏ ارﻓﻴـﺔ وأﺜرﻫـﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻨظـﺎم

اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ٬ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ذا أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺴـﺒب ﺘﺄﺜرﻫـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـوزن اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ﻟﻠﻨظـﺎم ﻟﻤـﺎ ﺘﺸـﻛﻠﻪ ﻤـن

ﺨطورة ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌض اﻷﺤﻴﺎن ﺘؤدي اﻟﻰ ﻤﺨﺎطر اﻻﻨﻘﺴﺎم وﺘﻔﻛﻴك اﻟوﺤدة اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠدوﻟﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻣﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺟﻳﻭﺑﻭﻟﺗﻳﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻳﻣﻥ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺗﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻛﺎﺳﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺧﻠﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﺎﺭﺟﻳﺔ
Authors: ﺩ. ﻋﺑﺩ ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺭﺓ ﺷﻠﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺗﺎﺑﻲ
Published: August 2023

ﻴﻌــرف اﻟــﺒﻌض اﻟﺠﻴوﺒــوﻟﺘﻴﻛس ﺒﺄﻨــﻪ ﻤــ اردف ﻟﻠﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴــﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴــﻴﺔ اﻟﺘطﺒﻴﻘﻴــﺔ أي

ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ اﻟوطﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺜرة ﺒﺎﻟوﺴط اﻟطﺒﻴﻌﻲ وﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﻋﻨـدﻤﺎ ﻴؤﻛـد ذﻟـك اﻟﺒﻠـد ﻋﻠـﻰ

أﻷﻤـن اﻟﻘـوﻤﻲ أو اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺠﻴـﺔ (١) ﻷن اﻟﺠﻴوﺒـوﻟﺘﻴﻛس ﻴﺘﺼـﻝ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـرة ﺒـﺎﻟﻌﻠم اﻟـذي

ﻴﻬـﺘم ﺒد ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻤوﻗـﻊ اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓـﻲ ﻓـﻲ أوﻀـﺎع اﻟﺸـﻌب أو ﻤواﻗﻌـﻪ وﺒـﺎﻷﺨص ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺴـﻠوك

اﻟدﺒﻠوﻤﺎﺴـﻲ ﻟﻠدوﻟـﺔ (٢) ﻛﻤـﺎ أﻨـﻪ ﻴﻘـوم ﻋﻠـﻰ د ارﺴـﺔ اﻟوﻀـﻊ اﻟطﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻟﻠدوﻟـﺔ ﻤـن ﻨﺎﺤﻴـﺔ

ﻤطﺎﻟﺒﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎﻝ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺔ اﻟدوﻟﻴـﺔ . ﺒﻴﻨﻤــﺎ ﺘﻨﺤﺼـر ﻤﻬﻤـﺔ اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴـﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ

ﻓﺤـص ود ارﺴـﺔ اﻟﻤﺠـﺎﻝ اﻷرﻀـﻲ . وﺒﻬـذا ﻓـﺈن اﻟﺠﻴوﺒـوﻟﺘﻴﻛس ﻴﻌﻨـﻲ ﺒﻔﻠﺴـﻔﺔ ﻗـوة اﻟﻤوﻗـﻊ

وأﺜـــرﻩ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﺘـــﺎرﻴﺦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـــﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻠـــد وﻋـــﻝ ﻤﺠﻤـــﻝ أوﻀـــﺎﻋﻪ اﻟداﺨﻠﻴـــﺔ وﻋﻠـــﻰ ﺴـــﻠوﻛﻪ

اﻟدﺒﻠوﻤﺎﺴﻲ وﺨططﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫوﻴﺘﻪ وﺴـﻴﺎدﺘﻪ اﻟﻤوﻗﻌﻴـﺔ وﻤـﺎ ﻴﺘطﻠـب ذﻟـك

ﻤـن ﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺎت ﺨﺎرﺠﻴـﺔ ﺘﺤـدد طﺒﻴﻌـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻠوك اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻲ ﻟﻬـذا اﻟﺒﻠـد أو ذاك اﻨﺴـﺠﺎﻤﺎ ﻤـﻊ

ﻤﺘطﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤوﻗﻊ وﻴﺘﻤﻴز اﻟﻴﻤن ﺒﻤوﻗﻊ ﺠﻴوﺒوﻟﺘﻴﻛﻲ ﻤﺘﻤﻴـز ﻤـن ﺒـﻴن دوﻝ اﻟﻤﻨطﻘـﺔ واﻟﻌـﺎﻟم

ﺤﻴث ﻴﺸرف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤدﺨﻝ اﻟﺠﻨوﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤر اﻷﺤﻤر وﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﻋدن واﻟﺒﺤر اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ إﻀـﺎﻓﺔ

إﻟـﻰ ﻤﻤﻴ ازﺘـﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴـﺔ وﺜرواﺘـﻪ اﻟز ارﻋﻴـﺔ وﺼـﻼﺘﻪ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﻛﺎﻨـت ﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ طﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ

ﻟﻬـذا اﻟﻤوﻗـﻊ وﻷﺠـﻝ أن ﻴﻛـون اﻟﺒﺤـث ﻤﺘﻨوﻋـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺠـﻪ وﻴﺤﻘـق ﻫدﻓـﻪ اﻟﻤطﻠـوب ﺘـم

اﺴﺘﺨدام ﻤﻌظم اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻟﺠﻐ ارﻓﻴﺔ ﺴواء اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﻤوروﻓوﻟوﺠﻲ أو اﻟوﺼﻔﻲ أو اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ

 

إﻀﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻴﺨﻲ .
كفاءة التوزيع المكاني لخدمات السياحة الدينية في مدينتي النجف والكوفة
Authors: الياسري الاستاذ الدكتور وهاب , النجم المدرس احمد
Published: August 2023

يمثل موضوع كفاءة الخدمات السياحية في المدن الدينية احد الدراسات الضرورية والمهمة كونها من الدراسات الفاعلة والمؤثرة في التنمية الاقتصادية التي تسعى لها معظم الدول المتقدمة ، وقد استعملت دراستنا اساليب احصائية منها الوسط الحسابي والمسافة المعيارية بالاعتماد على نظم المعلومات الجغرافية ((GIS لغرض بيان خصائص التوزيع المكاني للخدمات السياحية المتمثلة بخدمات الفنادق السياحية والشعبية والمطاعم السياحية والشعبية وشركات السفر والسياحية فضلاً عن الخدمات الترفيهية مع تفسير وتحليل العوامل التي ادت الى شكل الانتشار المكاني لكل خدمة منها ، وقد توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من النتائج اولها عدم مراعاة المعايير والضوابط التخطيطية ومدى ملاءمتها لاستعمالات الارض المحيطة بها وهذا انعكس على غلق بعض الفنادق السياحية الممتدة على شارع نجف -كوفة و ان سبب التركز المكاني للفنادق السياحية راجع الى تجمع معظم المراقد الدينية في المدينة القديمة التي تمثل المركز التجاري والاقتصادي فضلاً عن احتضانها مرقد الامام علي (عليه السلام) ، مما انعكس ذلك على ارتياد السياح لأغراض اداء مراسيم الزيارة وبصورة مستمرة
العوامل الطبيعية المؤثرة على أنظمة الري والبزل في قضاء المناذرة
Authors: الحلو سارة , الأسدي ألأستاذ الدكتور    كفاح
Published: August 2023

تشغل منطقة الدراسة القسم الجنوبي الغربي من محافظة النجف الذي تغطي معظم سطحه تربة طموية من نوع الترب الرسوبية والتي تتميز بانحدار عام من الشمال إلى الجنوب تبين من خلال ماتقدم بأن للعوامل الطبيعية اثرا مهما في التأثير في جداول الري وشبكة البزل في قضاء المناذرة من حيث أمتدادها وتوزيعها فضلا عن تباين خصائصها . وهي: (الموقع , التركيب الجيولوجي , السطح , المناخ بعناصره ( الإشعاع الشمسي ، درجة الحرارة , الرياح , الرطوبة النسبية , الأمطار , التبخر ) , والتربـة بخصائصها الطبيعية والكيميائية , والنبـات الطبيعي ) . يحدد السطح مجرى الامتدادات الجغرافية لمنظومة شبكة الري والبزل في منطقة الدراسة إذ تأخذ اتجاه (شمالي جنوبي – شرقي غربي) . متفقة مع انحدار الارض 0كما يؤثر المناخ في نوعية مياه شبكة الري ضمن منطقة الدراسة من خلال تأثير بعض عناصره كالحرارة والإمطار في رفع قيم بعض خصائصها النوعية .
القوانين الصوتية في شروح كتاب سيبويه
Authors: البديري الأستاذ الدكتور  رياض , جاسم المدرس المساعد  مهند
Published: August 2023

مقدمة

تخضع أصوات اللغة في استعمالها وعلاقة كل صوت فيها بالأصوات الأخرى لقواعد معينة يطلق عليها التشكيل الصوتي لذلك كانت دراسة الأصوات من ناحية المخارج والصفات مقدمة لدراسة التشكيل الصوتي .

إننا عندما نتكلم عن تأثير الأصوات في حال تجاورها في نحو الإبدال والإدغام والقلب وغير ذلك , مما يعتري الصوت اللغوي في حال التشكيل والمجاورة , لا نجدها غائبة عن البحث الصوتي عند القدامى , بل نجدها تسير وفقاً لقوانين صوتية تكاد تكون مضطردة , فقد كانت هذه القوانين محل اهتمام وتتبع عندهم , عندما تطرقوا إليها عند دراستهم لعلم الصرف الذي لا ينفك عن علم الأصوات .

يحاول البحث تلمس مواطن هذه القوانين الصوتية في شروح كتاب سيبويه ومدى فاعليتها في التشكيل الصوتي واضطرادها
التدرج في تطبيق المصادر أمام القضاء الدولي
Authors: عباس الأستاذ المساعد الدكتور  عباس , الربيعي الباحثة  هدى
Published: August 2023

تُطبق الاتفاقات الدولية من قبل الدول المتعاقدة كافة، وان نطاق تطبيق القاعدة الدولية يتحدد باعتراف الدول واحترامها لها، أما من ناحية الالتزام بالمبادئ القانونية الشائعة فهو عام ولا تستثنى دولة من الخضوع لها. وفيما يتعلق بسريان القاعدة الدولية ينبغي التمييز بين الاتفاق المكتوب والعرف فاذا كان مصدر القاعدة اتفاقاً تبرمه الدول، فأن بدء العمل به لا يثير مشكلة فهو يدخل في التطبيق اما من تاريخ الاتفاق على ذلك، واما من تاريخ لاحق تحدده الدول المتعاقدة فيما بينها واذا خلا الاتفاق من اي نص يتعلق بالتطبيق يبدأ التنفيذ بعد التصديق عليه من قبل سلطات الدولة او من تاريخ ايداع وثائق التصديق في دولة يتفق على تعيينها، اما بالنسبة الى العرف فهناك صعوبات اكيدة في تعيين تاريخ تطبيقه، فالعرف هو الاخر مجموعة قواعد مستقرة تطبقها الدول من تاريخ الاخذ بها.