bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ernährung und Entzündung – Empfehlungen zur Ernährung bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED)
Authors: Siegmann-Thoss Cordula , van Dillen Vanessa , Keller Ralf
Published: May 2019

Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (CED), Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa, sind nicht nur Erkrankungen des Magen-Darm-Trakts, sondern treten auch durch extraintestinale Manifestationen als Ausdruck einer systemischen Erkrankung in Erscheinung 1. Die diagnostische Latenz und die Erfolge in der Therapie der CED sind Ergebnis aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse. Trotz Etablierung neuer therapeutischer Ansätze besteht bei vielen Betroffenen auch heute noch ein starker Leidensdruck. Die weiter ansteigende Inzidenz der CED ist ein wesentlicher Grund, pathogenetische Aspekte bezüglich Ursachen und Verlauf der CED intensiver zu untersuchen. Ein wesentlicher Faktor in der Krankheitsentstehung scheint eine veränderte bzw. gestörte Mikrobiota zu sein, was zu einer fehlregulierten Immunantwort mit dem Ergebnis einer chronischen Entzündung an bzw. in der Darmwand führt 2. Ursache für diese Dysbiose sind Einflüsse unseres Ernährungsverhaltens 3.

Ernährung spielt aber auch eine entscheidende Rolle in der Therapie der CED. Durch Ernährung direkt zu beeinflussende Folgen der CED sind Mikronährstoffmängel bis hin zu manifester Mangelernährung (Malnutrition), Osteoporose und Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten. Das Entzündungsgeschehen ist eng mit dem Grad der Malnutrition verknüpft, beide sind unabhängige Faktoren für Krankheitsverlauf und Prognose der CED 4. Neben der medikamentösen und ggf. chirurgischen Behandlung ist eine Ernährungsintervention somit als eine weitere ergänzende Therapiemöglichkeit anzusehen. Ernährungstherapie kann Mangelerscheinungen durch Zufuhr spezieller Nährstoffe wie beispielsweise Vitamin B12, Zink und Folsäure ausgleichen, Malnutrition durch adäquate Kalorienversorgung verhindern bzw. beheben und somit auch den Krankheitsverlauf und die Ansprechbarkeit auf die Primärtherapien verbessern sowie Komplikationen vermeiden 5. Ein weiterer ernährungstherapeutischer Ansatz bei CED ist die sogenannte Immunonutrition, die mittels antiinflammatorisch wirkender Nahrungsbestandteile aktiv in den Entzündungsprozess eingreift und die zugrunde liegende Dysbiose positiv modulieren kann 6
7
8. Als primäre Therapie ist die Ernährungstherapie umstritten und wird heute nur bei Kindern als enterale Ernährung zur Vermeidung von Nebenwirkungen der Medikamente und bei Erwachsenen in speziellen Situationen (z. B. Arzneimittelunverträglichkeiten) eingesetzt 5
9.
PEG-Anlage um jeden Preis? Ethische und rechtliche Aspekte
Authors: Conradt Susanne
Published: May 2019

Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Ursachen einer Schluckstörung gehören heute zu unserem Klinikalltag. Die Anlage einer perkutanen Ernährungssonde ist für viele der Betroffenen eine technisch einfache, standardisierte und effektive Möglichkeit der künstlichen Ernährung. Unterschiedliche Perspektiven beteiligter Personen und Entscheidungsträger zur Sinnhaftigkeit und Indikation führen dennoch häufig zu Konfliktsituationen. Umso wichtiger in der patientenorientierten Indikationsstellung werden somit medizinische, ethische und gesetzliche Aspekte. Deren Beachtung und eine gute Kommunikation können dazu beitragen, unnötige Konflikte zu vermeiden.
Von den Großen unseres Fachs: Zum 100. Geburtstag von Günter Stüttgen
Authors: Gollnick H.
Published: May 2019

Prof. Dr. Günter Stüttgen wurde am 23. 1. 1919 in Düsseldorf geboren. Die medizinische Ausbildung erfolgte an den Universitäten Freiburg, Marburg und Düsseldorf. Er promovierte über die „Cholinesterase im Blutserum“ mit Publikation 1942. Nach seiner kumulativen Habilitation 1951 wurde er 1957 außerordentlicher Professor. Nach Aufenthalten in leitenden Positionen an den Hautkliniken in Aachen, Frankfurt und Köln und erfolgreicher weiterer wissenschaftlicher Karriere in Düsseldorf erhielt er 1968 den Ruf auf den Lehrstuhl für Dermato-Venereologie an der Freien Universität Berlin im Rudolf-Virchow-Krankenhaus. Forschungsschwerpunkte waren Physiologie, Biochemie und Pharmakologie der Haut. Nach seiner Emeritierung 1988 initierte er mit C. E. Orfanos zusammen erfolgreich die Gründung der Berliner Stiftung für Dermatologie. Er verstarb am 21. Oktober 2003.
Effekt der Rehabilitation auf den verzögerten Eintritt in die Berentung aufgrund von Erwerbsminderung
Authors: Dannenmaier Julia , Tepohl Lena , Immel Desiree , Hartschuh Ulrich , Kaluscha Rainer , Krischak Gert
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Erwerbsminderungsrenten (EM-Renten) stellen einen Großteil der indirekten Krankheitskosten von chronischen Rückenschmerzen dar.

Methodik Auf Basis von Sekundärdaten einer gesetzlichen Krankenkasse und der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung wurde die Dauer bis zum Eintritt einer EM-Berentung bei Erwerbstätigen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen untersucht. Dabei wurde neben soziodemografischen Faktoren und Behandlungsmerkmalen insbesondere der Effekt einer erfolgten Rehabilitation als potentielle Einflussfaktoren untersucht.

Ergebnisse Bei Rehabilitanden begann die EM-Rente im Mittel 7,1 Monate später als bei Nicht-Rehabilitanden. Daraus resultieren 8 432,60 € höhere Beitragszahlungen zugunsten der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse (GKV) und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) pro Rehabilitand. Bezogen auf die Gesamtzahl von 21 262 EM-Rentnern mit orthopädischer Indikation können dadurch 180,7 Mio. € eingespart werden. Der Zeitpunkt der EM-Berentung wurde vom Alter und vom Krankengeldbezug im vorherigen Monat signifikant beeinflusst. Einsparungen durch die Vermeidung des Eintritts in die EM-Rente wurden dabei in diesem Modell noch nicht berücksichtigt.

Schlussfolgerung Rehabilitanden beziehen später EM-Renten, wodurch länger Beitragszahlungen an die GKV und DRV geleistet werden können. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die medizinische Rehabilitation eine kosteneffektive und wirksame Maßnahme sein kann.
Medizin und Ökonomie: Maßnahmen für eine wissenschaftlich begründete, patientenzentrierte und ressourcenbewusste Versorgung. Ein Strategiepapier der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)
Authors: Nothacker Monika , Busse Reinhard , Elsner Peter , Fölsch Ulrich R. , Gogol Manfred , Jungehülsing Gerhard Jan , Kopp Ina , Marckmann Georg , Maschmann Jens , Meyer Hans-Joachim , Miller Kurt , Wagner Wilfried , Wienke Albrecht , Zimmer Klaus-Peter , Kreienberg Rolf
Published: May 2019

Die AWMF und ihre Fachgesellschaften nehmen eine zunehmende Dominanz betriebswirtschaftlicher Ziele im stationären Gesundheitssektor wahr, die sich negativ auf die Patientenversorgung auswirken. Während eine angemessene, effiziente und gerechte Mittelverwendung geboten ist, belastet „Ökonomisierung“ Ärzte und Pflegende sowie die weiteren Gesundheitsberufe.

Die AWMF hat zusammen mit Fachgesellschaftsvertretern Ursachen analysiert und Maßnahmen für eine wissenschaftliche, patientenzentrierte und ressourcenbewusste Medizin erarbeitet. Es bestehen Fehlanreize durch Vergütung, Zahl und Ausstattung von Krankenhäusern bzw. Fachabteilungen und deren Grundfinanzierung. Maßnahmen werden für die Patient–Arzt-Ebene, das Krankenhausmanagement, die Planung sowie Finanzierung von Krankenhäusern einschließlich der Vergütung stationärer Leistungen vorgeschlagen. Dabei bedarf es der gemeinsamen Anstrengung aller Akteure, um den Patienten und seine Gesundheit wieder in den Mittelpunkt zu stellen.
Metabolomic Characteristics of Fatty Pancreas
Authors: Jaghutriz Benjamin Assad , Wagner Róbert , Heni Martin , Lehmann Rainer , Machann Jürgen , Stefan Norbert , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas
Published: May 2019

Objective Pancreatic steatosis is associated with impaired beta cell function in patients with prediabetes. The pathomechanisms underlying this association still remain to be elucidated. Recent data show that adipocytes are situated within the pancreatic parenchyma and therefore give raise to hypothesize that pancreatic fat together with known and unknown metabolites such as hepatokines affect insulin secretion. Applying a targeted metabolomic approach we investigated possible circulating markers of pancreatic fat in order to better understand its role in the pathophysiology of impaired beta cell function.

Methods We included 361 Caucasians, at increased risk of type 2 diabetes, from the Tübingen Family Study. All participants underwent a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin secretion and a magnetic resonance imaging to quantify pancreatic fat content, total body fat and visceral fat. Among the 152 subjects with prediabetes (IFG and/or IGT), two groups each with 20 individuals, having the lowest and highest pancreatic fat content were selected. The groups were matched for sex, age, BMI, total fat content, visceral fat content, liver fat content and insulin sensitivity. Metabolites were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ® p400 HR Kit by Biocrates.

Results Pancreatic fat content of all 152 subjects with prediabetes was negatively associated with insulin secretion represented by AUCC-peptide 0–120/AUCGlucose 0–120 (p=0.04; β=− 3.24). Furthermore, pancreatic fat content was positively associated with BMI, total body and visceral fat (all p<0.005). Levels of aminoacids, biogenic amines and monosaccharides were similar between the groups with high/low pancreatic fat content (p>0.90). Also, levels of polar lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and ceramides did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.90). Investigating the levels of neutral lipids such as aclycarnitines, diglycerides, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters also revealed no differences between the groups (p>0.90).

Conclusion The amount of pancreatic fat is not associated with the metabolomic pattern in individuals with prediabetes. This might be due to the relatively low pancreatic fat content compared to the total amount of fat stored in other depots. The impact of pancreatic steatosis on insulin secretion might be mediated by paracrine effects which cannot be detected in the circulation.
Can Simulation Based-Team Training Impact Bedside Teamwork in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Colman Nora , Figueroa Janet , McCracken Courtney , Hebbar Kiran B.
Published: May 2019

Effective teamwork performance is essential to the delivery of high-quality and safe patient care. In this mixed methodological observational cohort study, we evaluated team performance immediately following a real medical crisis in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following implementation of a simulation-based team training (SBTT) program. Comparison of teamwork skills when rated by study observers demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in 12 out of 15 composite teamwork skills during real emergency events following SBTT (p < 0.05). Pre- and post-SBTT intervention survey data demonstrated an improvement in the perception of teamwork, most notable in the area of shared mental model and situational awareness following SBTT. Study results suggest that teamwork behaviors and skills acquired during SBTT can translate into improved bedside performance in the PICU.
Lust auf Digitalisierung?: Strukturierte Daten gemeinsam nutzen
Authors: Gocke Peter
Published: May 2019

Auf der DMEA im April hat der Bundesgesundheitsminister „ein Feuerwerk an Ideen und Kreativität“ gefordert, rund um die Frage, was bei der Elektronischen Patientenakte (ePA) an Zusatzfunktionen möglich sei. Elektronische Patientenakten waren in der Tat ein prominentes Thema auf der Messe: Krankenkassen und private Anbieter stellten vor, was sie bislang erreicht haben; andere Firmen konzentrierten sich auf das Thema „Konnektivität“ im Sinne einer Anbindung von Kliniken an die jeweiligen Aktensysteme. Das Ganze allerdings noch etwas unter dem Vorbehalt der von der gematik noch zu liefernden Spezifikation der Folgestufe 1.1 der ePA. Ab 1. Januar 2021 soll diese ePA 1.1 kassenweit verfügbar sein.
Ausländische Pflegekräfte: Fachkräfteimport hilft, löst aber nicht das Problem
Authors: Doelfs Guntram , Heeser Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Eine wachsende Zahl von Kliniken versucht, mit im Ausland rekrutierten Pflegekräften die Personalnot auf den eigenen Stationen zu lindern. Die neuen Kollegen sind willkommen, doch sie allein können die Lücke nicht schließen. Zudem ist der zeitliche und personelle Aufwand für ihre Integration sehr hoch.
Babylonische Sprachverwirrung an deutschen Kliniken?: Diagnose: Sprachbarriere
Authors: Köpf Maria
Published: May 2019

Die Zahl ausländischer Ärzte und Pflegekräfte hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Ohne sie blieben viele Stellen unbesetzt. Trotz fachlicher Expertise kommt es jedoch im Klinikalltag immer wieder zu Sprachproblemen.
Dezentrale Aufbereitung: Wenn die Aufbereitung auswandert
Authors: Zaiss Elke
Published: May 2019

Operationsabteilungen erwirtschaften viel Geld, aber sie kosten auch viel. Ein oft unterschätzter Beteiligter sind dabei die zentralen oder dezentralen Aufbereiter der Instrumente – denn die Aufbereitung von Instrumenten ist mehr als „waschen, packen und sterilisieren“.
Modulbau aus Holz und Stroh: Ökologisch, nachhaltig und energieeffizient
Authors: Schulz Jelina
Published: May 2019

Platz für Patientenzimmer und Therapieräume gewinnen und dafür die Räumlichkeiten der Verwaltung ausquartieren: Vor dieser Aufgabe standen die Geschäftsführung von Mediclin und die Klinikleitung der Mediclin Seepark Klinik in Bad Bodenteich (Niedersachsen) im Sommer 2018. Natasa Bogojevic, zuständige Architektin im Unternehmen, brachte die Passivhaus-Idee ins Spiel. „Der Anbau hat genau die richtige Größe, um als Unternehmen einen ersten Schritt in Richtung ökologische Bauweise zu wagen“, erklärt sie.
Effect of titanium and zirconium carbide interphases on the thermal conductivity and interfacial heat transfers in copper/diamond composite materials
Authors: Azina Clio , Cornu Iñaki , Silvain Jean-François , Lu Yongfeng , Battaglia Jean-Luc
Published: May 2019

Thermal properties of metal matrix composite materials are becoming ever more relevant with the increasing demand for thermally efficient materials. In this work, the thermal conductivity and heat transfers at the interfaces of copper matrix composite materials reinforced with diamond particles (Cu/D) are discussed. The composite materials contain either ZrC or TiC interphases and exhibit, respectively, higher and lower thermal conductivities with respect to their pure Cu/D counterparts. These thermal conductivities are accounted to the presence of strong covalent bonds and increased relative densities. The role of these interphases is also discussed regarding the phonon transmission at the interfaces.
Design and demonstration of antenna-coupled Schottky diodes in a foundry complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology for electronic detection of far-infrared radiation
Authors: Ahmad Z. , Lisauskas A. , Roskos H. G. , O K. K.
Published: May 2019

Electronic detection of far-infrared (FIR) radiation up to 9.74 THz is reported in a foundry complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The detectors were fabricated with Schottky-barrier diodes (SBDs) formed in 130-nm CMOS without any process modifications. Direct-antenna matched detectors achieve a measured peak optical responsivity (RV) of 383 and 25 V/W at 4.92 and 9.74 THz, respectively, near the 5 and 10 THz fundamental frequency of the antennas. A significantly improved RV at 9.74 THz (25× compared to the MOSFET detectors and ∼2× compared to the SBD) ensures negligible impact on the system noise-equivalent power (NEP) due to the input-referred noise of the amplifier following the detector. This work also demonstrated that by incorporating the effects of plasma resonance, transit time, and FIR absorption behavior of SiO2, as well as the 3D electromagnetic simulations into the SBD model, good agreement between the measurements and simulations can be attained. The detector designed for a 10-THz operation achieves an optical NEP of 1.1 nW/√Hz at 9.74 THz in the shot-noise limit, which is comparable to that of commercially available pyro-detectors that are 50 000× larger.
Scanning SQUID microscopy in a cryogen-free cooler
Authors: Shperber Yishai , Vardi Naor , Persky Eylon , Wissberg Shai , Huber Martin E. , Kalisky Beena
Published: May 2019

Scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy is a powerful tool for investigating electronic states at surfaces and interfaces by mapping their magnetic signal. SQUID operation requires cryogenic temperatures, which are typically achieved by immersing the cryostat in liquid helium. Making a transition to cryogen free systems is desirable, but has been challenging, as electric noise and vibrations are increased in such systems. We report on the successful operation of a scanning SQUID microscope in a modified Montana Instruments cryogen-free cooler with a base temperature of 4.3 K. We demonstrate scanning SQUID measurements with flux noise performance comparable to a wet system and correlate the sensor-sample vibrations to the cryocooler operation frequencies. In addition, we demonstrate successful operation in a variety of SQUID operation modes, including mapping static magnetic fields, measurement of local susceptibility, and spatial mapping of current flow distribution.
Ground state solutions for Schrödinger-Poisson systems involving the fractional Laplacian with critical exponent
Authors: Feng Xiaojing
Published: May 2019

In this paper, by using the concentration-compactness principle and variational method, the existence of ground state solution of the Pohožaev type for a class of fractional Schrödinger-Poisson type systems with nonlocal critical growth is obtained. A key ingredient of the proof is to estimate the minimum energy level on the Pohožaev manifold.
Enhancement of intrinsic magnetic damping in defect-free epitaxial Fe3O4 thin films
Authors: Lu Xianyang , Atkinson Lewis J. , Kuerbanjiang Balati , Liu Bo , Li Guanqi , Wang Yichuan , Wang Junlin , Ruan Xuezhong , Wu Jing , Evans Richard F. L. , Lazarov Vlado K. , Chantrell Roy W. , Xu Yongbing
Published: May 2019

We have investigated the magnetic damping of precessional spin dynamics in defect-controlled epitaxial grown Fe3O4(111)/Yttria-stabilized Zirconia nanoscale films by all-optical pump-probe measurements. The intrinsic damping constant of the defect-free Fe3O4 film is found to be strikingly larger than that of the as-grown Fe3O4 film with structural defects. We demonstrate that the population of the first-order perpendicular standing spin wave (PSSW) mode, which is exclusively observed in the defect-free film under sufficiently high external magnetic fields, leads to the enhancement of the magnetic damping of the uniform precession (Kittel) mode. We propose a physical picture in which the PSSW mode acts as an additional channel for the extra energy dissipation of the Kittel mode. The energy transfer from the Kittel mode to the PSSW mode increases as in-plane magnetization precession becomes more uniform, resulting in the unique intrinsic magnetic damping enhancement in the defect-free Fe3O4 film.
General theory of charge regulation within the Poisson-Boltzmann framework: Study of a sticky-charged wall model
Authors: Frydel Derek
Published: May 2019

This work introduces a sticky-charge wall model as a simple and intuitive representation of charge regulation. Implemented within the mean-field level of description, the model modifies the boundary conditions without affecting the underlying Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation of an electrolyte. Employing various modified PB equations, we are able to assess how various structural details of an electrolyte influence charge regulation.
Symmetry effects in rotationally resolved spectra of bi-deuterated ethylene: Theoretical line intensities of cis, trans, and as-C2H2D2 isotopomers
Authors: Viglaska Dominika , Rey Michael , Nikitin Andrei V. , Tyuterev Vladimir G.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we report accurate first-principles variational rovibrational spectra predictions for the three double deuterated ethylene isotopologs denoted as cis, trans, and as-12C2H2D2. Calculations were performed in the framework of the normal-mode approach using our ab initio 12C2H4 (D2h) Born-Oppenheimer potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Symmetry breaking effects under bideuterated H → D substitutions (D2h → C2v/C2h) and their impact on infrared spectra are studied from normal mode transformations. All theoretical spectra simulated at 296 K up to J = 38 are in good agreement, both for line positions and in absorption cross sections, with the experiment. Accurate theoretical line lists providing for the first time intensities of rovibrational transitions are computed for the three species in the range (0–4500) cm−1 and will be available on our TheoReTS information system (http://theorets.univ-reims.fr and http://theorets.tsu.ru). These results can be used for remote sensing retrieval of isotopic species using predicted line intensities and experimentally optimized line positions.
Genetics and ecology of plant species occurring on the Banded Iron Formations in the Yilgarn, Western Australia
Authors: Byrne Margaret
Published: May 2019

Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) are a distinctive feature in the Yilgarn craton of southern Western Australia occurring as geographically isolated ranges within a mosaic of alluvial clay soils interspersed with sandplains and occasional granite outcrops. They are prominent features across a flat, highly weathered plateau, forming unique geologically stable components in an unglaciated landscape. The topographic complexity of BIFs provides areas of key environmental heterogeneity in a subdued landscape, offering a mosaic of habitats and abundance of niche microhabitats that support unique plant communities with high species diversity including many narrowly endemic species and those with distributions centred on these banded iron formations. Genetic and ecological studies have been undertaken on several species that are endemic to, or have distributions centred on, the banded iron formations of the Yilgarn. These studies provide a basis for understanding the diversity and evolutionary history of the plant communities that occur in these diverse environments. This Special Issue brings together studies on several these species to complement studies already published, and this overview provides a summary of the genetics and ecology of 21 species that are restricted to, or have distributions centred on, BIFs. Many of these species have conservation status under national and state legislation and understanding of genetics and ecology of these species assists with conservation strategies. A range of genetic patterns was identified among these species making generalisations difficult and indicating analysis of individual species is required in order to provide information for conservation and management decisions.
Effect of genotype × environment × management interactions on chickpea phenotypic stability
Authors: Kaloki Peter , Trethowan Richard , Tan Daniel K. Y.
Published: May 2019

Crop varieties interact with the environment, which affects their performance. It is imperative to know how the environment affects these crop varieties in order to choose carefully the optimal environment for growth. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is grown in varying environmental conditions including conventional and no-tillage under both irrigated and rainfed farming systems. Hence, genotype × environment × management interactions can affect yield stability. An experiment was conducted in north-western New South Wales, Australia, to investigate these interactions and to determine possible environment types to help focus crop improvement. Eight environments were considered and genotype plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplots were generated to assess genotype stability and interactions with environment. Genotype and environment main effects and genotype × environment interactions (GEI) accounted for 12.6%, 66% and 12% of the total variation in yield, respectively. The most productive and stable environments were not tilled, irrespective of moisture status. The most stable and productive genotype was Sonali, closely followed by PBA Slasher and ICCV 96853. The eight test environments grouped into two environment types that differentiated on the basis of tillage regime. Moisture was not a determinant of site grouping.
Cryoprotectant role of exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas sp. ID1 in the vitrification of IVM cow oocytes
Authors: Arcarons Núria , Vendrell-Flotats Meritxell , Yeste Marc , Mercade Elena , López-Béjar Manel , Mogas Teresa
Published: May 2019

Biological molecules isolated from organisms that live under subzero conditions could be used to protect oocytes from cryoinjuries suffered during cryopreservation. This study examined the cryoprotectant role of exopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas sp. ID1 (EPS ID1) in the vitrification of prepubertal and adult cow oocytes. IVM oocytes were vitrified and warmed in media supplemented with 0, 1, 10, 100 or 1000µgmL−1 EPS ID1. After warming, oocytes were fertilised and embryo development, spindle morphology and the expression of several genes in Day 8 blastocysts were assessed. Vitrification led to significantly lower proportion of prepubertal oocytes exhibiting a normal spindle configuration. In fresh control oocytes and most groups of vitrified adult oocytes, similar percentages of oocytes with a normal spindle configuration were observed. Percentages of Day 8 blastocysts were similar for prepubertal oocytes vitrified in the absence or presence of 1 or 10µgmL−1 EPS ID1 and for adult oocytes vitrified in the presence of 10µgmL−1 EPS ID1 compared with non-vitrified oocytes. EPS ID1 supplementation had no effect on solute carrier family 2 member 3 (SLC2A3), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2A (UBE2A) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in Day 8 blastocysts form adult oocytes. However, supplementation with 10 and 100µgmL−1 EPS ID1 led to increased expression of genes involved in epigenetic modifications (DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) and K (lysine) acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A)) and apoptosis (BCL2 associated X apoptosis regulator (BAX) and BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1)). The lowest BAX:BCL2L1 ratio was found in the 10µgmL−1 EPS ID1-supplemented group. The results suggest that 10µgmL−1 EPS ID1 added to vitrification and warming media may help protect bovine oocytes against cryodamage.
Fetal-fluid proteome analyses in late-term healthy pregnant mares and in mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis
Authors: Canisso Igor F. , Loux Shavahn , Scoggin Kirsten E. , Squires Edward L. , Troedsson Mats H. , Ball Barry A.
Published: May 2019

Characterisation of fetal fluids in healthy and disease states of pregnant mares can help to unravel the pathophysiology and to identify putative markers of disease. Thus, this study aimed to compare the protein composition of: (1) amniotic and allantoic fluids of healthy mares obtained immediately after euthanasia and (2) allantoic fluid harvested via centesis before and after experimental induction of placentitis via transcervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi ssp zooepidemicus in healthy mares. Fetal fluids were analysed with a high-throughput proteomic technique after in-gel digestion. Statistical comparisons were performed following normalisation of peptide spectral match. Global normalisation was performed to calculate relative expression. There were 112 unique proteins present in both allantoic and amniotic fluids. There were 13 and 29 proteins defined as amniotic- or allantoic-specific respectively that were present in at least two fluid samples. Another 26 proteins were present in both amniotic and allantoic fluids. Panther DB functional classification grouped fetal-fluid proteins as transfer carriers, signalling molecules, receptors, immunity, hydrolase, enzymes, membrane traffic, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, calcium binding and extracellular matrix. Experimentally induced placentitis resulted in 10 proteins being upregulated and 10 downregulated in allantoic fluid. Newly identified proteins and changes in the fetal-fluid proteome provide clues about the physiology of pregnancy and pathogenesis of placentitis.
Descriptive analysis of injuries and illnesses self-reported by wildland firefighters
Authors: Moody Valerie J. , Purchio Taylor J. , Palmer Charles G.
Published: May 2019

Wildland firefighters working in remote environments with steep terrain, uneven ground, variable temperatures and fluctuating elevations cultivate injury risk. The purpose of this study was to understand types of injuries and illnesses wildland firefighters (WLFFs) sustain during the fire season. This study was a web-based cross-sectional questionnaire titled Injury surveillance of wildland firefighters. A total of 284 WLFFs responded to the questionnaire, but were not required to answer every question. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were analysed to determine WLFF demographics, types of injuries and illnesses sustained, and the potential influence environmental factors have on injuries sustained. Most WLFFs sustained at least one injury or illness in the past five fire seasons with a majority of those injuries and illnesses occurring on the fireline on rocky mountainside terrain. Nearly half of the 453 injuries and illnesses reported were sprains and strains occurring to the lower back, knee and ankle. Twenty percent of WLFFs reporting injuries felt that their injury or illness was preventable. With most injuries and illnesses occurring on the fireline, the development of a more targeted, job-specific injury and illness prevention program that focuses on the lower extremities is warranted.
Korean L2 learners’ perception and production of Vietnamese tones
Authors: Đào Đích Mục , Nguyễn Anh-Thư T.
Published: May 2019

This study investigated the production and perception of Vietnamese tones by Korean second language (L2) learners
[n = 11], comparing their performance in an Imitation task to that in Identification and Read-Aloud tasks.
The results showed that the Imitation task was generally easier for Korean speakers than the Identification and Read-Aloud tasks,
suggesting that imitation was performed without some of the skills required by the other two tasks. The result on tonal F0 range
and speakers’ tonal range showed that the Korean leaners have significantly narrower tonal F0 range than control Vietnamese
speakers [n = 11]. The results of error pattern analysis and tonal transcription in this study also suggested the
effects of phonetic realizations of lexical tones in Vietnamese that are in interaction with language transfer from Korean
phonology.
Introduction
Authors: Howard Martin , Ågren Malin
Published: May 2019

This introduction to the special issue presents a brief overview of the phonological phenomenon of liaison in French, drawing on the morphosyntactic contexts of its use by native speakers. We outline previous research on liaison in second language acquisition, focusing on the challenges this phenomenon presents to learner comprehension and production, and on major findings in each area. We then present a synopsis of the articles in this special issue, which highlight key questions with regard to the development of this phonological feature in the learners’ French.
The emergence of speech segmentation in adult L2 learners of French
Authors: Shoemaker Ellenor M. , Wauquier Sophie
Published: May 2019

The beginning stages of speech segmentation in a second language (L2) have received little attention to date. The literature on L2 phonological acquisition tends to focus on learner populations who have access to discrete (orthographic) forms through exposure to the L2 in a classroom setting. Specifically, the existing literature on L2 acquisition of French liaison holds that the processing of liaison is greatly influenced by orthographic representations and that L1 and L2 phonological learning subsequently follow distinctly different developmental paths. We present data suggesting that more naturalistic L2 learners, who have had little formal L2 instruction and whose exposure is primarily oral, process liaison employing strategies previously observed only in children learning L1 French, calling into question the assumption that L1 and L2 phonological acquisition differ fundamentally and suggesting rather that phonological development depends on both the quality and quantity of the input to which the L2 learner is exposed.
PKCα promotes insulin secretion via TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Wei , Cui Wei , Shi Bingyin , Wang Huifang
Published: May 2019

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a class of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that contribute to cell survival, migration, and invasion. Previous studies demonstrated that PKC participates in insulin secretion. However, the role of PKC in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that PKC is an important mediator of insulin secretion and revealed a close relationship between PKC activation and insulin secretion in INS-1E cells. Meanwhile, the presence of PKCα was found to induce TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells. TRPC1 phosphorylation levels increased by activating PKCα activity. Inhibition of PKCα activity reduced TRPC1 phosphorylation. Finally, we showed that TRPC1 could reverse the decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels and reduced insulin secretion induced by treatment with PKCα inhibitor under high glucose conditions. In conclusion, our findings indicated that TRPC1 and PKCα are involved in promoting insulin secretion and that PKCα promotes insulin secretion via TRPC1 phosphorylation in INS-1E cells.
Phage display screening of TIGIT-specific antibody for antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: Li Daoyuan , Hu Siyi , Fan Qinglin , Bao Wenying , Zhou Wei , Xu Ting , Ye Taohong , Liu Hao , Song Lihua
Published: May 2019

The fully synthetic humanized phage antibody library has the advantages including the minimized immunogenicity, which frequently happened in hybridoma cell-based antibody production. In this paper, using the constructed diverse complementarity determining region gene library and the germline gene as the backbone, we constructed eight single-chain antibody libraries and a combinatorial antibody library with a big capacity of 1.41 × 1010. M13EEA helper phage that was engineered from M13KO7 was applied to prepare phage antibody library. The eukaryotic expression of T-cell immune receptor with Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) antigen was used as a target antigen for screening. The screening of antigen-specific single-chain Fc-fused protein was performed through evaluation of binding affinity based on ELISA analysis. The IgG antibody was prepared with the screened single-chain protein. Finally, the CB3 antibody was screened out which exhibits the highest binding affinity with TIGIT with the Kd value of 8.155 × 10−10 M.
Bayonets over bombs: RIPK3 and MLKL restrict Listeria without triggering necroptosis
Authors: Zhang Ting , Balachandran Siddharth
Published: May 2019

RIPK3 induces necroptosis by phosphorylating MLKL, which then induces plasma membrane rupture and necrotic cell death. In this issue, Sai et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201810014) show that RIPK3-MLKL signaling in epithelial cells promotes Listeria clearance by directly suppressing cytosolic bacterial replication, without activating cell death.
CtIP is essential for early B cell proliferation and development in mice
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Wang Xiaobin S. , Lee Brian J. , Wu-Baer Foon K. , Lin Xiaohui , Shao Zhengping , Estes Verna M. , Gautier Jean , Baer Richard , Zha Shan
Published: May 2019

B cell development requires efficient proliferation and successful assembly and modifications of the immunoglobulin gene products. CtIP is an essential gene implicated in end resection and DNA repair. Here, we show that CtIP is essential for early B cell development but dispensable in naive B cells. CtIP loss is well tolerated in G1-arrested B cells and during V(D)J recombination, but in proliferating B cells, CtIP loss leads to a progressive cell death characterized by ATM hyperactivation, G2/M arrest, genomic instability, and 53BP1 nuclear body formation, indicating that the essential role of CtIP during proliferation underscores its stage-specific requirement in B cells. B cell proliferation requires phosphorylation of CtIP at T847 presumably by CDK, but not its interaction with CtBP or Rb or its nuclease activity. CtIP phosphorylation by ATM/ATR at T859 (T855 in mice) promotes end resection in G1-arrested cells but is dispensable for B cell development and class switch recombination, suggesting distinct roles for T859 and T847 phosphorylation in B cell development.
Comparison of a simple hydrostatic and a data-intensive 3D numerical modeling method of simulating sea-level rise induced groundwater inundation for Honolulu, Hawai’i, USA
Authors: Habel Shellie , Fletcher Charles H , Rotzoll Kolja , El-Kadi Aly I , Oki Delwyn S
Published: May 2019

Groundwater inundation (GWI) is a particularly challenging consequence of sea-level rise (SLR), as it progressively inundates infrastructure located above and below the ground surface. Paths of flooding by GWI differ from other types of SLR flooding (i.e., wave overwash, storm-drain backflow) such that it is more difficult to mitigate, and thus requires a separate set of highly innovative adaptation strategies to manage. To spur consideration of GWI in planning, data-intensive numerical modeling methods have been developed that produce locally specific visualizations of GWI, though the accessibility of such methods is limited by extensive data requirements. Conversely, the hydrostatic (or ‘bathtub’) modeling approach is widely used in adaptation planning owing to easily accessed visualizations (i.e., NOAA SLR Viewer), yet its capacity to simulate GWI has never been tested. Given the separate actions necessary to mitigate GWI relative to marine overwash, this is a significant gap. Here we compare a simple hydrostatic modeling method with a more deterministic, dynamic and robust 3D numerical modeling approach to explore the effectiveness of the hydrostatic method in simulating equilibrium aquifer effects of multi-decadal sea-level rise, and in turn GWI for Honolulu, Hawai’i. We find hydrostatic modeling in the Honolulu area and likely other settings may yield similar results to numerical modeling when referencing the local mean higher-high water tide datum (generally typical of flood studies). These findings have the potential to spur preliminary understanding of GWI impacts in municipalities that lack the required data to conduct rigorous groundwater-modeling investigations. We note that the methods explored here for Honolulu do not simulate dynamic coastal processes (i.e., coastal erosion, sediment accretion or changes in land cover) and thus are most appropriately applied to regions that host heavily armored shorelines behind which GWI can develop.
Aptness of Fiction-Directed Emotions
Authors: Song Moonyoung
Published: May 2019

I argue that the criteria governing the aptness of emotions directed towards fictional entities, such as characters and events in fiction, are structurally identical to the criteria governing the aptness of emotions directed towards real entities in the following sense: in both cases, aptness is characterized in terms of fittingness, justification, and being salience-tracking, and each of these notions is understood in an analogous way across reality- and fiction-directed emotions. The only differences are that, in the case of fiction-directed emotions, fictional truth rather than truth is relevant to fittingness, and salience in the context of engaging with the fiction replaces salience in the real context. Other asymmetries between the aptness criteria of fiction- and reality-directed emotions that seem to conflict with this claim are reducible to these two differences or stem from the failure to distinguish between emotions directed towards the content of a fiction and the fiction itself.
Sideways music
Authors: Markosian Ned
Published: May 2019

There is a popular theory in the metaphysics of time according to which time is one of four similar dimensions that make up a single manifold that is appropriately called spacetime. One consequence of this thesis is that changing an object’s orientation in the manifold does not change its intrinsic features. In this paper I offer a new argument against this popular theory. I claim that an especially good performance of a particularly beautiful piece of music, when oriented within the manifold in the normal way, adds to the intrinsic value of the world, but that if the same performance is turned sideways within the manifold, so that it involves a number of different notes spread out in space and all occurring at the same time, then it does not add the same intrinsic value to the world.
Summarizing the solution space in tumor phylogeny inference by multiple consensus trees
Authors: Aguse Nuraini , Qi Yuanyuan , El-Kebir Mohammed
Published: May 2019

Motivation

Cancer phylogenies are key to studying tumorigenesis and have clinical implications. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer and limitations in current sequencing technology, current cancer phylogeny inference methods identify a large solution space of plausible phylogenies. To facilitate further downstream analyses, methods that accurately summarize such a set T of cancer phylogenies are imperative. However, current summary methods are limited to a single consensus tree or graph and may miss important topological features that are present in different subsets of candidate trees.

Results

We introduce the Multiple Consensus Tree (MCT) problem to simultaneously cluster T and infer a consensus tree for each cluster. We show that MCT is NP-hard, and present an exact algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). In addition, we introduce a heuristic algorithm that efficiently identifies high-quality consensus trees, recovering all optimal solutions identified by the MILP in simulated data at a fraction of the time. We demonstrate the applicability of our methods on both simulated and real data, showing that our approach selects the number of clusters depending on the complexity of the solution space T.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/elkebir-group/MCT.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diversity and Economic Performance in a Model with Progressive Taxation
Authors: Wang Wei , Suen Richard M H
Published: May 2019

Is a more heterogeneous population beneficial or harmful to long-term economic performance? This article addresses this and other questions in a dynamic general equilibrium model where consumers differ in their labour productivity and time preference. We show how differences in the cross-sectional distribution of these characteristics can affect the economy via two channels. The first one involves changing the composition of the labour force; and the second one involves changing the cross-sectional distribution of the marginal tax rate. We show how these channels are, respectively, determined by the shape of the labour supply function and the curvature of the marginal tax function.
The Genomic Complexity of a Large Inversion in Great Tits
Authors: da Silva Vinicius H , Laine Veronika N , Bosse Mirte , Spurgin Lewis G , Derks Martijn F L , van Oers Kees , Dibbits Bert , Slate Jon , Crooijmans Richard P M A , Visser Marcel E , Groenen Martien A M
Published: May 2019

Chromosome inversions have clear effects on genome evolution and have been associated with speciation, adaptation, and the evolution of the sex chromosomes. In birds, these inversions may play an important role in hybridization of species and disassortative mating. We identified a large (≈64 Mb) inversion polymorphism in the great tit (Parus major) that encompasses almost 1,000 genes and more than 90% of Chromosome 1A. The inversion occurs at a low frequency in a set of over 2,300 genotyped great tits in the Netherlands with only 5% of the birds being heterozygous for the inversion. In an additional analysis of 29 resequenced birds from across Europe, we found two heterozygotes. The likely inversion breakpoints show considerable genomic complexity, including multiple copy number variable segments. We identified different haplotypes for the inversion, which differ in the degree of recombination in the center of the chromosome. Overall, this remarkable genetic variant is widespread among distinct great tit populations and future studies of the inversion haplotype, including how it affects the fitness of carriers, may help to understand the mechanisms that maintain it.
Associations of Fat and Lean Body Mass with Circulating Amino Acids in Older Men and Women
Authors: Mikkola Tuija M , Salonen Minna K , Kajantie Eero , Kautiainen Hannu , Eriksson Johan G
Published: May 2019

Circulating amino acids are potential markers of body composition. Previous studies are mainly limited to middle age and focus on either fat or lean mass, thereby ignoring overall body composition. We investigated the associations of fat and lean body mass with circulating amino acids in older men and women. We studied 594 women and 476 men from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (age 62–74 years). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to indicate two main body compartments by fat (fat mass/height2) and lean mass indices (lean mass/height2), dichotomized based on sex-specific medians. Eight serum amino acids were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. General linear models were adjusted for age, smoking, and fasting glucose. Higher lean mass index (LMI) was associated with higher concentrations of branched-chain amino acids in both sexes (p ≤ .001). In men, LMI was also positively associated with tyrosine (p = .006) and inversely with glycine (p < .001). Higher fat mass index was associated with higher concentrations of all branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and alanine in both sexes (p ≤ .008). Associations between body composition and amino acids are largely similar in older men and women. The associations are largely similar to those previously observed in younger adults.
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time Before and After Transition to Retirement: The Finnish Retirement and Aging Study
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Pulakka Anna , Leskinen Tuija , Heinonen Ilkka , Heinonen Olli J , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari
Published: May 2019

Background

Retirement is associated with an increase in self-reported daily sedentary time, but no longitudinal evidence exists on how objectively measured sedentary time changes during retirement transition. The aim of this study was to compare objectively measured daily and hourly sedentary time before and after retirement and examine whether these changes differ by gender and occupational status.

Methods

The study population consisted of 478 participants (mean age 63.2 years, standard deviation 1.7, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study. Sedentary time was measured using a wrist-worn triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer before and after transition to retirement with 1 year interval. Preretirement occupational status was categorized as manual and non-manual.

Results

Daily sedentary time was 8 hours 10 minutes in women and 9 hours 49 minutes in men before retirement. Considering all measurement days before and after retirement, daily sedentary time increased in women by 29 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20 to 38). Especially women retiring from manual occupations showed marked increase in sedentary time (63 minutes, 95% CI: 50 to 77). When only non-working days before retirement were considered, increase in daily sedentary time among women was less marked (16 minutes, 95% CI: 7 to 25). Among men, daily sedentary time did not change in retirement transition (−7 minutes, 95% CI: −26 to 12).

Conclusions

Objectively measured sedentary time increases among women and remains at high level among men during the retirement transition. Attention should be paid to reduce daily sedentary time in retiring women and men.