bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prejudiced against the Machine? Implicit Associations and the Transience of Algorithm Aversion
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Turel Ofir , Kalhan Shivam ,   skalhan@student.unimelb.edu.au
Published: January 2024

Algorithm aversion is an important and persistent issue that prevents harvesting the benefits of advancements in artificial intelligence. The literature thus far has provided explanations that primarily focus on conscious reflective processes. Here, we supplement this view by taking an unconscious perspective that can be highly informative. Building on theories of implicit prejudice, in a preregistered study, we suggest that people develop an implicit bias (i.e., prejudice) against artificial intelligence (AI) systems, as a different and threatening “species,” the behavior of which is unknown. Like in other contexts of prejudice, we expected people to be guided by this implicit bias but try to override it. This leads to some willingness to rely on algorithmic advice (appreciation), which is reduced as a function of people’s implicit prejudice against the machine. Next, building on the somatic marker hypothesis and the accessibility-diagnosticity perspective, we provide an explanation as to why aversion is ephemeral. As people learn about the performance of an algorithm, they depend less on primal implicit biases when deciding whether to rely on the AI’s advice. Two studies (n1 = 675, n2 = 317) that use the implicit association test consistently support this view. Two additional studies (n3 = 255, n4 = 332) rule out alternative explanations and provide stronger support for our assertions. The findings ultimately suggest that moving the needle between aversion and appreciation depends initially on one’s general unconscious bias against AI because there is insufficient information to override it. They further suggest that in later use stages, this shift depends on accessibility to diagnostic information about the AI’s performance, which reduces the weight given to unconscious prejudice.
Valeria Alexandrovna Kornetova
Authors: Павлова Т.М.
Published: January 2024

В 2023 году исполнилось 100 лет со дня рождения Валерии Александровны Корнетовой – известного российского минералога, исследователя редкометальных гранитных пегматитов, авторитетного специалиста в области истории развития геологических наук и музейного дела в России, опытного диагноста драгоценных и поделочных камней.
Synthesis and Optical Property Modulation of Substituted [2,2]-paracylophanes through Through-Space Conjugation
Authors: Lambud Sushil , Bhadke Anil , Siddiqui Zahir Ali , Chaudhari Vaishali , Sekar Nagaiyan , Bhosale Rajesh , More Sandeep
Published: January 2024

4,16-para-substituted [2,2] paracylophane with naphthalene (PCP⎼NAP), anthracene (PCP⎼ANTH), and tetraphenylethylene (PCP⎼TPE) as a new through-space conjugated dimers were prepared by the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4,16-diboryl [2,2] paracyclophane and respective bromo derivative using Pd(PPh3)4 as a catalyst and KOH as a base. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by NMR, HR-MS and their photophysical, and electrochemical properties were studied. The quantum yield of PCP⎼NAP, PCP⎼ANTH and PCP-TPE were calculated and estimated as 0.21, 0.50 and 0.31 respectively. PCP⎼TPE exhibited aggregation-induced emission characteristics when the water fraction was higher than 50% in the THF/water mixtures. PCP-ANTH and PCP-TPE were also characterized by X-ray Crystallography, obtained single crystal of PCP-ANTH crystalizes in centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C2/c. A single crystal of PCP-TPE crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group P⎼1 with one molecule residing on the inversion centre. The observed properties of these π-stacked dimers were compared through through-space Conjugation and conjugation length in the structure.
Atomic-scale insights into topotactic transformations in extra-large pore silicate zeolites using time-resolved 3D electron diffraction
Authors: Luo Yi , Xu Hao , Han Yue , Tong Wen , Jiao Meichen , Wang Naihong , Jiang Jingang , Zou Xiaodong , Wu Peng
Published: January 2024

Understanding the atomic scale structural dynamics of phase transformations is crucial for developing new materials and tailoring the properties of the materials. However, many materials are obtained as polycrystalline powders with large unit cells and/or complex structures, making it challenging to investigate detailed structural changes using conventional X-ray diffraction techniques. Here, we employ time-resolved 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) to unravel the topotactic reactions and transformations of extra-large pore silicate zeolites ECNU-45 to ECNU-46. Notably, ECNU-45 features 3D interconnecting 24×10×10-ring channels, while ECNU-46 exhibits 1D 24-ring channels connected to 10-ring pockets. ECNU-45 and ECNU-46 are the first reported examples of pure silicate zeolites with pores larger than 22-rings. Our findings showcase detailed changes at six distinct tetrahedral Si sites, involving atom displacement, addition, and removal of framework atoms through bond breakage and formation. This work not only presents the discovery of novel zeolites but also provides unprecedented atomic-level insights into the dynamic processes of topotactic reactions. Our results have significant implications for advancing materials engineering and understanding complex solid-state reactions at an atomic scale.
Probing Scaffold Size Effects on Multivalent Lectin-Glycan Binding Affinity, Thermodynamics and Antiviral Potency Using Polyvalent Glycan-Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Basaran Rahman , Budhadev Darshita , Kempf Amy , Nehlmeier Inga , Hondow Nicole , Pöhlmann Stefan , Guo Yuan , Zhou Dejian
Published: January 2024

Multivalent lectin-glycan interactions (MLGIs) are pivotal for viral infections and immune regulation. Their structural and biophysical data are thus highly valuable, not only for the understanding of basic mechanisms but also for designing potent glycoconjugate therapeutics against target MLGIs. However, such information for some important MGLIs remain poorly understood, which has greatly limited the research progress in this area. We have recently developed densely glycosylated nanoparticles (e.g., ~4 nm quantum dot (QD) or ~5 nm gold nanoparticle (GNP)) as new mechanistic probes for MLGIs. Using two important tetrameric viral receptors, DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR as model lectins, we have shown these probes not only can offer sensitive fluorescence readouts for MLGI affinity quantification, but also reveal key structural information (e.g., binding site orientation and binding mode) that are very useful for MLGI targeting. However, the relatively small sizes of scaffolds may not be optimal for maximizing MLGI affinity and targeting specificity. Herein, using -manno-1,2-biose (DiMan) functionalized GNPs (GNP-DiMan) probes, we have systematically studied how GNP scaffold size (e.g., 5, 13, and 27 nm) and glycan density (e.g., 100, 75, 50 and 25%) determine their MLGI affinities, thermodynamics, and antiviral properties. We have developed a new GNP fluorescence quenching assay format for quantifying MLGI affinity to minimize the potential interference from GNP’s strong inner filter effect, revealing that increasing GNP size is highly beneficial to enhance MLGI affinity. We have further determined the MLGI thermodynamics by combining temperature-dependent affinity measurement and Van’t Hoff analysis, revealing that GNP-DiMan-DC-SIGN/R binding is enthalpy driven. Finally, we find that increasing GNP size significantly enhances the antiviral potency. Notably, the DiMan functionalised 27 nm GNP (G27-DiMan) potently and robustly blocks both DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR mediated pseudo-Ebola virus cellular entry with an EC50 of ~23 and ~49 pM, respectively, placing it the most potent glycoconjugate entry inhibitor against DC-SIGN/R mediated Ebola cellular infections.
In Defense of (Certain) Pople-Type Basis Sets
Authors: Gray Montgomery , Bowling Paige , Herbert John
Published: January 2024

A recent study suggests that Gaussian basis sets in the 6-311G family are inappropriate for thermochemical calculations based on density functional theory, emphasizing the need for polarization functions but omitting tests of Pople basis sets containing a full complement thereof. Here, we point out that certain basis sets in the 6-311G category yield error statistics with respect to benchmark calculations that are comparable to def2-TZVP, at about half the cost. More elaborate Pople basis sets can rival the accuracy of def2-QZVPD at 5-10% of the cost. We also clarify the role of integral thresholds in achieving robust convergence in the presence of diffuse basis functions.
Unveiling the unusual i-motif-derived architecture of a DNA aptamer exhibiting high affinity for influenza A virus
Authors: Tsvetkov Vladimir , Mir Bartomeu , Alieva Rugiya , Arutyunyan Alexander , Oleynikov Ilya , Novikov Roman , Boravleva Elizaveta , Kamzeeva Polina , Zatsepin Timofei , Aralov Andrey , González Carlos , Zavyalova Elena
Published: January 2024

Non-canonical nucleic acid structures have been shown the capacity to selectively interact with proteins, thereby exerting influence over various intracellular processes. Among these structures, both natural and artificial G-quadruplexes have been extensively studied in relation to their structure-activity relationships. In contrast, the role of i-motifs remains incompletely evaluated. In this study the artificial aptamer BV42 possessing a high affinity for hemagglutinin of influenza A virus was proven to contain the i-motif structure even at neutral pH. However, conformational heterogeneity of BV42 poses challenges for in-depth structural investigations. Using molecular dynamics simulations and introducing chemical modifications for molecular probing, a putative binding site in the aptamer was suggested. These findings have enabled us to redesign the aptamer, eliminating the conformational diversity associated with the i-motif while preserving its binding affinity. Subsequent validation through NMR spectroscopy confirms the presence of the i-motif/duplex junction with the 3-cytosine loop located near the junction. This study elucidates a distinctive instance of an unusual nucleic acid architecture involved in molecular recognition, thereby shedding light on the structural peculiarities of functional i-motifs.
Dynamic, remote-controllable electroactive hydrogel waveguide architectures
Authors: Hererra Cortes Oscar Alejandro , Benincasa Kathryn A. , Vaughan Kevin , Morim Derek R. , Blanchard Natalie , Omasta Tomas , Saravanamuttu Kalaichelvi
Published: January 2024

Remote-controllable waveguide architectures inspired by living organisms with unique flexible, light guiding properties were fabricated using self-trapped beams of incoherent light. Made of electroactive hydrogels, light-guiding structures are generated through a nonlinear, self-inscription process that utilizes visible beams from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Due to irreversible refractive index changes experienced by photoinduced chemical reactions, these self-trapped beams permanently inscribe cylindrical waveguides along their paths. Taking advantage of this phenomena, we fabricate macro-scale, remote controllable waveguide structures in the form of rectangular prisms and arrays of cylindric waveguides. We also fabricate micro-scale structures for remote actuation, in the form of rectangular prisms embedded with thousands of waveguide units. By applying and varying external electric fields, we dynamically control the bending, angular orientation, and rotation (up to 360°) of these pliant light-guiding structures. This allows precise, remote control of the waveguided light output.
EVALUATING QUALITY TEACHING AND LEARNING, PERCEIVED TEACHERS’ ABSENTEEISM IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Mensah Philip Opoku , Kumah Aaron , -Koranteng Francisca Omama , Antwi Frank Asamoah
Published: January 2024

Perceived teacher absenteeism, effective teaching and learning, and academic achievement in senior high schools is the topic under investigation. A questionnaire was employed to gather data because of the nature and goal of this investigation. The study’s sample consisted of teachers and students from the few senior high schools. The population of students in the schools is about 5000 of which 700 students sample was selected for the study. Out of teachers’ population of about 900 teachers, 300 teachers were selected for the study. The study revealed teacher absenteeism in selected senior high schools is as a result of several factors. According to the findings, illness and financial problems due to poor remuneration are among the major reasons for teacher absenteeism in selected senior high schools. Poor of supervision was also mentioned among the causes of teacher absenteeism in selected senior high schools. When head teachers are always busy attending meetings, workshops and other programs thereby not getting time to stay in the school to monitor teachers’ attendance and execution of duties, teachers take advantage of advantage of the situation and adopt a laissez faire attitude towards work because there is no control towards them. Also, the study revealed how teacher absenteeism affects quality teaching and learning. According to the findings, rampant absences of a teacher from his academic duties result in the inability to complete topics that ought to be completed and will also rush to catch up on lost time. The findings also revealed that teacher absences result in combining classes as another means to catch up on lost time. Students lack of interest to attend class was also indicated as a one the most harmful effects of teacher absenteeism. Cited among the effects of teacher absenteeism include; poor continuous assessment of students and poor performance of students in external examinations. Given its detrimental effects on both teaching and learning, teacher absenteeism has grown into a canker that needs to be eradicated from our educational system.
TEACHER’S EXPERIENCE, EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND MASTERY OF DIFFICULT CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS IN CALABAR METROPOLIS, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: hung Ayes , Etuk Rose Imoniri , Offiong EtoroAbasi Ndia , Efanga Okoh
Published: January 2024

The study aims to determine teachers’ experience, educational qualification and mastery of difficult concepts in physics. An ex-post facto research design was used for the study. Two research designed questions and two hypotheses were posited and tested at 0.05 levels of significance. Influence of Teachers’ Experience and Educational Qualification on Mastery of Difficult Concepts in Physics Questionnaire (ITEEQMDCPQ) was designed using a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability of 0.78 was obtained using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The questionnaire was administered purposively to 246 senior secondary school Physics teachers, and 240 was retrieved from 98 senior secondary schools in the area of study. Data was analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance for a single mean. Results of the analysis shows that teacher experience and educational qualification has a significant influence on mastery of difficult concepts in Physics, based on the findings it was recommended that teachers should undergo more training programs to gain more experience in teaching to enhance their mastery of concepts. Teacher should be encouraged to further their education to acquire higher educational qualifications.
RESEARCH ON THE POLICY STRATEGY AND PATH OF PUBLIC ENGLISH COURSES IN FIVE-YEAR HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGES
Authors: Zhonglan Guo
Published: January 2024

The integration of ideological and political courses into the teaching of public English courses in higher vocational colleges is an inevitable measure to adapt to the current trend of China’s economic and social development. Based on the analysis of the ideological and political functions and strategies of public English courses, this paper proposes ways to improve the ideological and political quality of English teachers, create teaching materials that are closely integrated with ideological and political elements, and improve the classroom ideological and political teaching mode to achieve higher vocational public education. The function of ideological and political education in English class.
VARIATION OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHILLI WITH DIFFERENT DOSES OF NITROGEN IN LAMJUNG DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Bhattarai Sabin , Adhikari Seema , Shrestha Shrisha , Manandhar Sagar
Published: January 2024

The study was undertaken to assess how the growth and yield of the NS-1701 chili variety were impacted by different nitrogen doses in the Lamjung district’s Rainas area. The study involved arranging five different treatment combinations within a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with each combination being replicated four times. The application consisted of doses (0 kilograms per hectare, 30 kilograms per hectare, 60 kilograms per hectare, 90 kilograms per hectare, 120 kilograms per hectare). Various parameters related to plant growth and yield were observed throughout the study timeframe. The data underwent statistical analysis utilizing Microsoft Excel and R-studio software. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied to distinguish means at a significance level of 5% for the purpose of separation. Growth characteristics such as plant height and the quantity of branches, along with yield-related attributes like fruit length, number of fruits per plant, individual plant weight, and yield (tons per hectare), displayed noteworthy variations until the point of harvest. Among varying nitrogen quantities, the most pronounced plant height (82.40 cm), branch count (8.38), fruit length (11.41 cm), fruits per plant (116.55), per-plant yield (475.5 gm), and overall yield (31.70 t/ha) were achieved with the application of 120 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare. Across all characteristics studied, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a noteworthy disparity between the various nitrogen doses concerning both yield and growth parameters. Among the range of nitrogen doses tested, the utilization of 120 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare resulted in enhanced growth and yield characteristics. This outcome could be proposed as a beneficial approach for cultivating chili in both the Lamjung district and comparable agro-ecological circumstances.
PATIENT EXPECTATIONS AND SERVICE QUALITY PERCEPTIONS IN HEALTHCARE: A STUDY OF HOSPITALS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Mehedi Hasan Md , Karim Zahidul
Published: January 2024

Patient satisfaction and service quality are essential indicators of the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare systems. This qualitative study aimed to explore patient expectations and service quality perceptions in hospitals in Bangladesh. A phenomenological research design was employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 patients who had received services from hospitals in Bangladesh. Thematic analysis of the interview data resulted in the identification of several key themes related to patient expectations and service quality perceptions, including communication, competence, accessibility, empathy, and responsiveness. The findings highlight the importance of effective communication, competence, accessibility, empathy, and responsiveness in healthcare service delivery in Bangladesh. The study’s implications for healthcare practice and policy are discussed, as well as limitations and suggestions for future research. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into patient perspectives and can inform efforts to improve service quality and patient satisfaction in healthcare settings in Bangladesh.
Revolutionizing Multi-Criteria Decision Making with the Triangular Fuzzy Geometry Bonferroni Mean Operator (TFGBM)
Authors: Hasnan Qaiyyum Hafizi Bin
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) topic to address the complexities of decision processes involving ambiguous information. We introduce the Triangular Fuzzy Geometric Bonferroni Mean (TFGBM) operator, a novel aggregation technique inspired by the Geometric Bonferroni Mean (GBM) concept. This operator is intended to aggregate triangular fuzzy numbers within MCDM problems effectively. We thoroughly investigate the properties of TFGBM and its distinct forms to ensure its practical utility. We introduce the Triangular Fuzzy Geometric Weighted Bonferroni Mean (TFGWBM) operator to accommodate situations where input factors have variable degrees of significance. Based on this foundation, we present a comprehensive framework for decision-making involving multiple attributes in ambiguous triangular fuzzy environments. A relevant case study regarding selecting an optimal location for a Halal center demonstrates the efficacy and applicability of our methodology. We emphasize the tangibility and efficiency of the suggested methodology in improving decision-making processes by emphasizing this real-world application.
Synthesis and Characterization of CuO and NiO Nanoparticles Derived from Schiff Base Complexes
Authors: Bader Ali Taleb
Published: January 2024

This study reports the synthesizes of such as copper oxide (CuO) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) by thermal decompositions of Schiff base complexes and their physical characterization. A polydentate Schiff base ligand, (E)-2-(((2-chlorobenzyl)imino)methyl)phenol (CIMP), was synthesized by condensing 2-chlorobenzylamine and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The ligand was identified by melting point, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes were prepared by reacting CIMP with the corresponding molar ratio in a 1:1 (metal: ligand). The complexes (Com1 and Com2) were characterized by melting point, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra of the (Com1 and Com2) showed that the deprotonated CIMP ligand coordinated to the Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions through the azomethine nitrogen, aryl chloride, chlorine, and phenolic oxygen atoms. To determine the crystalline structure of the synthesized products, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed. The formation of copper oxide and nickel oxide as the new products was confirmed by XRD analysis. SEM imaging revealed the uniform and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles, which exhibited a remarkably narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 20 to 22 nm, highlighting their exceptional precision.
Sodium Methoxide Catalyzed Preparation of Nitrogen Compounds from Palm Oil Methyl Esters as Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Ilim Ilim , Hidayah Laila , Yuliyanda Devi , Pandiangan Kamisah Delilawati , Simanjuntak Wasinton
Published: January 2024

This research was conducted to study preparation of nitrogen compounds by reacting palm oil derived methyl esters and diethanolamine using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. The chemical composition of the product was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The product was then applied as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in CO2 saturated 3% NaCl solution. Experimental results indicate that the reaction product contains six nitrogen compounds with a relative percentage of 63.7%, and the rest 36.7% are a mixture of unreacted diethanolamine and unreacted methyl esters. The results of the corrosion experiments show that the product obtained exhibited appreciably high performance as reflected by a percentage of protection (%P) of 96.85%. The performance of the product as a corrosion inhibitor is also supported by the SEM image of the mild steel sample, which shows that the surface of the sample is well protected. The results of this work demonstrate that nitrogen compounds obtained have promising potential as corrosion inhibitors, particularly to prevent corrosion by CO2 gas.
Selective Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Using Magnetic Composites
Authors: Fitri Erni Salasia , Mohadi Risfidian , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Rachman Susila Arita , Lesbani Aldes
Published: January 2024

Water is one of the most basic human needs, and dyes are one of the sources of water pollution. Since adsorption has proven to be effective in removing contaminants, it is the most widely used technique. In this adsorption, a LDH Zn-Al /magnetic biochar composite was used for dye removal. Zn-Al LDH, magnetic biochar, and LDH Zn-Al/biochar magnetic composite were successfully synthesized, based on XRD and FTIR studies. XRD analysis of the Zn-Al LDH material shows diffractions of (003), (006), (101), (012), (015), (107), and (110) around the 2theta angle at 10.29°, 20.07°, 29.59°, 32.12°, 34.02°, 48.06°, and 60.16° which are characteristic of LDH materials. In magnetic biochar and LDH Zn-Al/magnet biochar composites diffraction (220), (311), (422) and (440) at 2theta around 24.9°, 35°, 63° and 68.4° in these materials indicate the characteristics of carbon-based materials from biochar. FTIR analysis showed the appearance of a vibration peak at 1404cm−1 indicating the presence of C H groups contained in biochar. The characteristic double-layer hydroxy (M-O) vibrations below 1000 cm−1 also indicated that the composite preparation process had been successful. The study’s results show that cationic dyes are more easily adsorbed than anionic dyes. Specifically, the LDH Zn-Al/Magnetic Biochar composite more extensively absorbs the cationic dye malachite green.
Modeling and Analysis Data Production of Oil, and Oil and Gas in Indonesia by Using Threshold Vector Error Correction Model
Authors: Widiarti Widiarti , Usman Mustofa , Putri Almira Rizka , Russel Edwin
Published: January 2024

Data in the fields of finance, business, economics, agriculture, the environment and weather are commonly in the form of time series data. To analyze time series data that involves more than one variable (multivariate), vector autoregressive (VAR) models, vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) models are generally used. If the variables discussed have cointegration, then the VAR model is modified into a vector error correction model (VECM). The relationship between short-term dynamics and deviation in the VECM model is assumed to be linear. If there is a nonlinear relationship between short-term dynamics and deviation, then a threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) can be used. The variables used in this research consist of oil production and Indonesian oil and gas production from January 2019 to March 2021. The research results show that the best model for data on oil production and oil and gas production is the TVECM 2 Regime model. Based on the TVECM 2 Regime model, further analysis, namely Granger causality and Impulse Response Function are discussed.
A Study of the Magnetic Properties and Structure of Heusler Alloys Prepared by Arc-Melting Technique
Authors: Khalefa N. A.
Published: January 2024

Heusler alloys were prepared in this study using the Arc-Melting method in which 30 g of the Arc-melting pure elements were combusted in an Argon arc furnace. Saturation magnetization, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the prepared alloys in terms of the compositions (Co2TiZ), where Z= Al, Ge, Sb are related IVB sub-group metals. In this work, the specimens containing Ge and Ti have fully Ferro magnetically order and L21 chemical structure with magnetism due to the magnetic moments attributed to the Co site. The Heusler alloys containing IIB or IVB sub-group metals such as Al, Ti, or Ge behave ferromagnetism, with the magnetic moments being attributed to the magnetic moments of the Co sites. Heusler alloys containing the group IVB element such as Sb exhibited vacant chemical effects with Co sites, and they also contain some paramagnetic compounds. Heusler alloys with Sb element exhibited paramagnetic behavior with vacant chemical order. Alloys demonstrate different magnetic properties as a result of temperature change and exchange interaction with atomic structure.
Optimization Thickness of Photoanode Layer and Membrane as Electrolyte Trapping Medium for Improvement Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Kusumawati Nita , Setiarso Pirim , Muslim Supari , Hafidha Qonita Arky , Cahyani Sinta Anjas , Fachrirakarsie Fadlurachman Faizal
Published: January 2024

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) are photovoltaic devices that contain a dye that acts as a solar light acceptor. The use of dyesensitized solar cells to solve increasing energy demand and environmental problems still results in low efficiency values. In this study, optimization of DSSC components was carried out to increase DSSC efficiency by varying the thickness of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor photoanode layer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) trap electrolyte membrane, and polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber (PVDF NF) to obtain the optimum thickness. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results of membrane thickness variation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor photoanode coating showed the formation of nanofiber fibers composed of three-dimensional, porous, and diameter networks connected to the PVDF NF membrane. The increase in density and decrease in pore size, along with an increase in thickness and cracking as the TiO2 photoanode semiconductor layer increases, affect the electron transport rate of the DSSC. The higher particle density level will inhibit the electron transport rate, so it can reduce the efficiency of DSSC. The optimum thickness of the TiO2 semiconductor layer and PVDF NF electrolyte membrane of 0.20 mm and 0.35 mm can produce values, voltage, fill factor current density, and electrical efficiency of 500 mV, 2.7 x 10−3 mA.cm−2, 1.80%, and 2.40%, respectively.
Tridiagonal Interval Matrix: Exploring New Perspectives and Application
Authors: Thirupathi Sivakumar , Thamaraiselvan Nirmala
Published: January 2024

Tridiagonal interval matrices are relevant in diverse applications, especially in dealing with parameter estimation, optimization and circuit analysis uncertainties. This research paper aims to improve the computational efficiency of obtaining the inverse of a general tridiagonal interval matrix. This matrix is pivotal in electric circuit analysis. We achieve this by employing interval arithmetic operations in the LU decomposition process, enabling effective handling of circuit parameter uncertainties. This approach generates an inverse interval matrix that addresses uncertainties in circuit analyses.
Neonatal mortality in countries of the Americas, 2000–2020: trends, inequalities, and target-setting
Authors: Duran Pablo , Soliz Patricia , Mujica Oscar J. , Cueva Daniel A. , Serruya Suzanne J. , Sanhueza Antonio
Published: January 2024

Objective.

To analyze temporal trends and inequalities in neonatal mortality between 2000 and 2020, and to set neonatal mortality targets for 2025 and 2030 in the Americas.

Methods.

A descriptive ecological study was conducted using 33 countries of the Americas as units of analysis. Both the percentage change and average annual percentage change in neonatal mortality rates were estimated. Measurements of absolute and relative inequality based on adjusted regression models were used to assess cross-country social inequalities in neonatal mortality. Targets to reduce neonatal mortality and cross-country inequalities were set for 2025 and 2030.

Results.

The estimated regional neonatal mortality rate was 12.0 per 1 000 live births in 2000–2004 and 7.4 per 1 000 live births in 2020, representing a percentage change of –38.3% and an average annual percentage change of –2.7%. National average annual percentage changes in neonatal mortality rates between 2000–2004 and 2020 ranged from –5.5 to 1.9 and were mostly negative. The estimated excess neonatal mortality in the 20% most socially disadvantaged countries, compared with the 20% least socially disadvantaged countries, was 17.1 and 9.8 deaths per 1 000 live births in 2000–2004 and 2020, respectively. Based on an extrapolation of recent trends, the regional neonatal mortality rate is projected to reach 7.0 and 6.6 neonatal deaths per 1 000 live births by 2025 and 2030, respectively.

Conclusions.

National and regional health authorities need to strengthen their efforts to reduce persistent social inequalities in neonatal mortality both within and between countries.
Development Of Math Blind Game With Voice And QR-Code As Learning Media For Blind Students
Authors: Arimbi Qyara Melia , Irmita Luthfia Ulva , Wardaya Anton
Published: January 2024

Math is a lesson that is difficult for children in Indonesia to understand. Especially in children with visual or blind disorders. This disorder makes it difficult for metematics to study, for in matematics it takes sight to read material to enhance the learning system. This study was developmental research that aimed to describe the result of instructional media development of math blind game with voice and QR code and describe their understanding after using math blind game with voice and QR code as learning media at special needs elementary school. The subject of this study is blind students grade 4th – 6th . The research model used was ADDIE development model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Data were collected using test and questionnaire to know their understanding of math blind game with voice and QR code as lerning media. The result showed that blind students responded positively with an average score of SUS score 83,75 (grade A). Therefore, it can be concluded that math blind game with voice and QR code can be used in teaching and learning activity to improve blind students’ understanding about matematics.
Teacher's effort in Implementing Peace Education (Study Cases in Class 1 SDN 62 Singkawang)
Authors: Widyaningsih Vivi , Suprapto Wasis , Mulyani Sri
Published: January 2024

Peace education is one of the methods used to cultivate love and peace in the middle of diversity in Indonesia. Study This aim is to know: (1) the efforts of the teacher in applying education peace; (2) inner teacher challenges to implementation of education peace; and (3) inner teacher solutions to overcome challenges. Study This study is qualitative, with observation, interview, and documentation. Research results show that (1) the effort made by the school to give education peace to their students at school is through the method of applying it through learning. Pancasila Education in class low using curriculum independent, as well give motivation before start learning by teachers for operate mission that has been made by the school to create life Love peace environment school; (2) the obstacles is form reception student That Alone when the teacher gives advice , case the occasional bullying happened to students of SDN 62 Singkawang, meanwhile student yay no want to be friends with student others in need special because no continue when invited talk , and also some fighting students _ with Friend peers who don't seldom raises self injury they; (3) solutions offered by the school for overcome challenge in application education n peace is with embed attitude tolerance to diversity in the environment  school, apply it through activity extracurricular Scouts, as well make regulation or regulations for obeyed by all inhabitant school. Attitude tolerance in the middle of the diversity that exists in SDN 62 Singkawang is already instilled by the school in its students, especially in children in class low, which is class 1.
Business Charity Movement of Aisyiyah Organization West Sumatra in 1968-2016
Authors: Sahputra Siir
Published: January 2024

This article discussed the Aisyiyah group and the women's movement in West Sumatra from 1968 to 2016. Byutilizing a historical method that includes historiography, source critique, interpretation, and heuristic stages. According to the study's findings, the Aisyiyah Organization was initially founded in Yogyakarta and formed its Batang River branch. Prior to 1968, this Organization's branches and branches quickly expanded in a number of West Sumatra locales, including Padang Panjang, Bukittinggi, Simabur, Payakumbuh, and Pesisir Selatan. After 1968 the Aisyiyah organization was spread across 18 regencies and cities in West Sumatra. The Aisyiyah Organization movement is no longer in the form of resistance as in the previous colonial era, but in the form of awareness to catch up with women in the field of charity and business such as in the fields of education, health, social welfare and the economy. Aisyiyah's charitable business movement includes a number of initiatives, such as sending as many young children as possible to ABA Kindergartens and establishing a Teacher Education School (SPG) to support educated teachers, expanding Aisyiyah Islamic clinics as places for women to seek treatment and supporting Schools Health Nurses as educated midwives, and empowering girls to enroll in Aisyiyah.
Realization Of The Learning Modalities In The Differentiated Learning For Teaching Exposition Text
Authors: Muttaqin Muhamad Zayyinul , Prastikawati Entika Fani
Published: January 2024

This research explores a learning experience for pupils which can be considerably improved by focusing on several learning modes when teaching English as well as investigates teacher who engages the pupils and aid their understanding of English language subjects by accommodating different learning styles. This study focuses on qualitative design with a case study where the data was achieved through both classroom observation and interview. The participants were 36 entities of students and 1 English teacher who facilitated the learning at X-1 grade in SMA Negeri 14 Semarang in academic year 2022/2023. The findings show that the realization of guided learning through learning modalities could shape differentiated learning styles where the students can possess their profile or ability to accomplish the assignment. The conclusion sets out that teachers could possibly be aware of the learners'' situation in learning certain subjects by realizing the modalities of learning modes within guided learning to teach English text (exposition text), and the field of differentiated learning style can be implemented.
Breaking Barriers in Higher Education Leadership: Empowering Educational Personnel with the 3M Management Model
Authors: Adeoye Moses Adeleke
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore the potential of the 3M Management Model in empowering educational personnel to break barriers in higher education leadership. The objectives of the study seek to bridge the gap between theory and practice in higher education leadership by exploring the potential of the 3M Management Model and providing evidence-based insights that can inform decision-making and improve leadership development programs. The method used in this research is a Systematic Literature Review. The result found that educational leaders can develop their leadership abilities and encourage constructive change within their institutions by implementing this paradigm. The advantages of using the 3M Management Model are examined on how it can promote an innovative culture, enhance decision-making procedures and boost output. It also emphasizes how critical it is to cultivate a growth mentality, put successful procedures into place and use pertinent metrics to gauge performance. Higher education institutions can overcome obstacles and achieve sustainable growth and success by equipping their staff with this strategy.
ICT Skills Acquisition and Utilization Among Postgraduate Students in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaifa Adeseko Sunday , Adisa Taofiq Adesola , Are Seyi , Adeoye Moses Adeleke , Ayoku Oba Baba
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the ICT skills utilization among postgraduate students in Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The research design was a descriptive survey of the correlational type. A proportional random sampling technique was adopted to select 250 respondents from the 580 postgraduate students of the Faculties of Education of the selected Universities in Kwara State, Nigeria. The Instrument titled ICT Skills Acquisition and Utilization Questionnaire (ICTSAUQ) was used for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts in the Department of Educational Management and Counselling and found reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.82. Three research questions were raised for the study and answered using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. One research hypothesis formulated was tested using inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the Acquisition of ICT skills and usage among postgraduate students in universities in Kwara State. Based on the findings the study recommends among other things that postgraduate students of Universities in Kwara states should undergo a compulsory ICT skill acquisition skill to aid their academic activities.
Mengembangkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini Melalui Media Loose Parts Bahan Alam di TK Dharma Wanita, Kandangserang, Pekalongan
Authors: Lailatul Maghfiroh  , Mohammad Syaifuddin  , Susi Sulistyoningsih
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan anak usia dini yang memiliki rentang usia 0-6 tahun merupakan investasi masa depan, dimana generasi ini akan memberikan kontribusi besar bagi bangsa. Anak diumpamakan sebagai kertas kosong dimana lingkungan pendidikanlah yang memberikan goresan dan warna dalam kehidupannya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan  media loose parts bahan alam sebagai media mengembangkan kreativitas anak usia dini di TK Dharma Wanita Desa Kandangserang Kabupaten Pekalongan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan media loose parts bahan alam untuk mengembangkan kreativitas anak usia dini di TK Dharma Wanita Desa Kandangserang menunjukkan hasil yang baik karena didukung oleh kebebasan memilih media, peserta didik yang kooperatif, pendidik yang kreatif, dan lingkungan yang melimpah sumber daya alamnya. Meskipun demikian ada juga faktor yang menghambat kreativitas anak dalam menggunakan media loose parts alam  ini yaitu keadaan atau mood anak, suasana kelas yang ramai, dan anak-anak terpacu dengan karya temannya.
Pengaruh Media Booklet Sefec (Sex Education For Early Childhood) Terhadap Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Pendidikan Seksual Anak Usia Dini di Desa Proto Kecamatan Kedungwuni
Authors: Laily Putri Utami
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengetahuan orang tua tentang pendidikan seksual anak usia dini di Desa Proto Kecamatan Kedungwuni dan mengetahui pengaruh media booklet SEFEC (Sex Education For Early Childhood) terhadap pengetahuan orang tua tentang pendidikan seksual anak usia dini di Desa Proto Kecamatan Kedungwuni.Penelitian ini merupakan peneilitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen desain one grup pretest posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu orang tua di Desa Proto Kecamatan Kedungwuni. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu orang tua yang memiliki anak usia 0-6 tahun sebanyak 36 orang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan presentase skor dan uji t paired sample. Pengetahuan orang tua tentang pendidikan seksual anak usia dini sebelum dan setelah pemberian media booklet SEFEC (Sex Education For Early Childhood) terdapat perbedaan dengan selisih perbedaan nilai rata-rata sebesar 15,417. Dan juga terdapat pengaruh media booklet SEFEC (Sex Education For Early Childhood) terhadap pengetahuan orang tua tentang pendidikan seksual anak usia dini di Desa Proto Kecamatan Kedungwuni, hal ini diperoleh dari hasil uji paired sample t test dengan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, maka dapat dikatakan Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh media booklet SEFEC (Sex Education For Early Childhood) terhadap pengetahuan orang tua tentang pendidikan seksual anak usia dini di Desa Proto Kecamatan Kedungwuni.
Model Pendidikan Discovery Learning dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Alifia Nabila Sausan  , Arumdapta Ginta Safitri  , Miftahul Jannah  , Yana Muzayyana Haqi  , Esya Anesty Mashudi
Published: January 2024

Model pendidikan Discovery Learning telah menjadi pendekatan yang populer dalam pendidikan anak usia dini. Model ini bertujuan untuk mendorong anak-anak untuk belajar secara aktif melalui eksplorasi, eksperimen, dan penemuan sendiri. Dalam model ini, peran guru bukanlah memberikan pengetahuan secara langsung, tetapi sebagai fasilitator dan pemandu proses belajar. Guru menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung pengalaman belajar yang menyenangkan, menarik, dan berarti bagi anak-anak. Pada model pendidikan Discovery Learning, anak-anak diberikan kebebasan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan kognitif, sosial, emosional, dan motorik mereka melalui interaksi langsung dengan lingkungan sekitar. Mereka diajak untuk mengamati, menanyakan pertanyaan, mencoba hal baru, dan mencari solusi. Dalam proses ini, anak-anak belajar untuk berpikir kritis, berkolaborasi dengan teman sebaya, mengambil inisiatif, dan mengembangkan kreativitas mereka. Model pendidikan Discovery Learning juga menekankan pentingnya mengaitkan pembelajaran dengan kehidupan sehari-hari anak-anak. Materi pembelajaran dikaitkan dengan konteks nyata, seperti lingkungan alam, benda-benda sekitar, dan kegiatan sehari-hari. Dengan demikian, anak-anak dapat memahami pentingnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang mereka pelajari dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Keberhasilan model pendidikan Discovery Learning sangat bergantung pada peran guru sebagai pengamat, pencatat, dan reflektor. Guru perlu mengamati perkembangan anak-anak, mencatat temuan dan ide mereka, dan merenungkan pengalaman belajar mereka. Melalui refleksi, guru dapat menyediakan umpan balik yang memandu anak-anak ke arah yang lebih baik dan membantu mereka mengembangkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam.
Implementasi Pendidikan Seksual Pada Anak Usia Dini Berkebutuhan Khusus
Authors: Nadia Utami
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan seksual AUD adalah salah satu upaya penting yang dilakukan dengan tujuan mengurangi dan mencegah kejahatan seksual sejak dini. Terlebih pada anak usia dini berkebutuhan khusus yang minim dalam pendidikan seks menjadikan sebagian di antara mereka tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai pendidikan seksual dan cenderung mudah dimanipulasi sehingga kerap kali dijadikan objek pelecehan dan pelampiasan seksual. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi pendidikan seksual anak usia dini berkebutuhan khusus di PAUD Teddy Bear Kota pekalongan dan mencari tahu apa saja faktor penghambat dan pendukungnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian field research Subjek penelitian yang digunakan yakni peserta didik PAUD Teddy Bear Kota Pekalongan tahun 2023. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta teknik analisis datanya adalah reduksi, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pendidik sudah mengajarkan pendidikan seksual pada anak dengan baik, Implementasi Pendidikan seksual pada anak usia dini berkebutuhan khusus di PAUD Teddy Bear Kota Pekalongan menggunakan tujuh pedoman  yaitu: mengenal identitas diri, mengenal bagian tubuh dan fungsinya, mengenalkan pada bahwa tubuhnya adalah ciptaan tuhan yang harus dijaga dan dirawat, mengenalkan cara berpakaian menutup aurat, mengenalkan toilet training, mengenalkan bagian tubuh yang boleh disentuh dan tidak boleh disentuh oleh orang lain, mengenalkan kepada anak untuk menolak, berteriak meminta tolong, dan melaporkan jika ada orang lain yang memegang area intim mereka. Faktor Penghambat dan Pendukung Implementasi Pendidikan seksual anak usia dini berkebutuhan khusus di PAUD Teddy Bear Kota Pekalongan. Faktor penghambatnya yakni pada karakteristik kebutuhan yang dimiliki oleh  masing-masing anak. Sedangkan faktor pendukungnya adalah metode pembelajaran dan media yang digunakan pendidik saat pembelajaran pendidikan seks dikelas anak usia dini berkebutuhan khusus.