bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opportunities, challenges and ethical issues associated with conducting community-based participatory research in a hospital setting
Authors: Strike C , Guta A , de Prinse K. , Switzer S , Carusone S Chan
Published: February 2016

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is growing in popularity as a research strategy to engage communities affected by health issues. Although much has been written about the benefits of using CBPR with diverse groups, this research has usually taken place in community-based organizations which offer social services and programs. The purpose of this article is to explore the opportunities and challenges encountered during a CBPR project conducted in a small hospital serving people living with HIV and addictions issues. The structure of hospital-based care delivery required the team to account for participants’ health-related limitations, including adopting recruitment strategies built on clinical care, and modifying the original research design to better protect participant confidentiality in a small space. Although CBPR offers an important strategy for researching with members of hospitalized communities, it requires research teams to develop context-relevant approaches to ethically engaging community members that recognize the ways clinical space mediates the research process.
‘Surely the most natural scenario in the world’
Authors: Godfrey Sarah , Holmes Su
Published: February 2016

Historically, the majority of work on British children’s television has adopted either an institutional or an audience focus, with the texts themselves often overlooked. This neglect has meant that questions of representation in British children’s television – including issues such as family, gender, class or ethnicity – have been infrequently analysed in the UK context. In this article, we adopt a primarily qualitative methodology and analyse the various textual manifestations of ‘family’, group or community as represented in a selected number of BBC preschool programmes. In doing so, we question the (limited amount of) international work that has examined representations of the family in children’s television and argue that nuclear family structures do not predominate in this sphere.
Television history: archives, excavation and the future. A discussion
Authors: Smart Billy , Wrigley Amanda
Published: February 2016

This article considers possible futures for television (TV) studies, imagining how the discipline might evolve more productively over the next 10 years and what practical steps are necessary to move towards those outcomes. Conducted as a round-table discussion between leading figures in television history and archives, the debate focuses on the critical issue of archives, considering and responding to questions of access/inaccessibility, texts/contexts, commercial/symbolic value, impact and relevance. These questions reflect recurrent concerns when selecting case studies for historical TV research projects: how difficult is it to access the material (when it survives)? What obstacles might be faced (copyright, costs, etc.) when disseminating findings to a wider public?

The relationship between the roles of ‘researcher’ and ‘archivist’ appears closer and more mutually supportive in TV studies than in other academic disciplines, with many people in practice straddling the traditional divide between the two roles, combining specialisms that serve to further scholarship and learning as well as the preservation of, and broad public engagements with, collections. The Research Excellence Framework’s imperative for academic researchers to achieve ‘impact’ in broader society encourages active and creative collaboration with those based in public organizations, such as the British Film Institute (BFI), who have a remit to reach a wider public. The discussion identifies various problems and successes experienced in collaboration between the academic, public and commercial sectors in the course of recent and ongoing research projects in TV studies.
Bad television/good (post)television
Authors: Harlap Itay
Published: February 2016

Nevelot ( Eagles) is an Israeli miniseries about two elderly men who, in their youth, fought for a Jewish Zionist underground movement in Palestine, and who in the present-day, embark upon an all-out, killing spree across the city of Tel Aviv, targeting exclusively the young. Whilst it does not directly address television (TV) per se, key scenes and paratexts convey that Nevelot is by no means ‘regular TV’, and that watching it constitutes a viewing experience which differs altogether from ‘regular TV viewing’; a practice often associated with passivity, femininity and victimhood. Employing terms from Zionist, gender and cultural discursive fields, Nevelot offers a fascinating commentary on contemporary Israeli society and the TV content it produces.
Inhaled corticosteroids and the increased risk of pneumonia: what’s new? A 2015 updated review
Authors: Iannella Hernan , Luna Carlos , Waterer Grant
Published: February 2016

There is a considerable amount of evidence that supports the possibility of an increased risk of pneumonia associated with prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, as yet, no statistically significant increase in pneumonia-related 30-day mortality in patients on ICS has been demonstrated. The lack of objective pneumonia definitions and radiological confirmations have been a major source of bias, because of the similarities in clinical presentation between pneumonia and acute exacerbations of COPD. One of the newer fluticasone furoate studies overcomes these limitations and also provides an assessment of a range of doses, suggesting that the therapeutic window is quite narrow and that conventional dosing has probably been too high, although the absolute risk may be different compared to other drugs. Newer studies were not able to rule out budesonide as responsible for pneumonia, as previous evidence suggested, and there is still need for evidence from head-to-head comparisons in order to better assess possible intra-class differences. Although the exact mechanisms by which ICS increase the risk of pneumonia are not fully understood, the immunosuppressive effects of ICS on the respiratory epithelium and the disruption of the lung microbiome are most likely to be implicated. Given that COPD represents such a complex and heterogeneous disease, attempts are being made to identify clinical phenotypes with clear therapeutic implications, in order to optimize the pharmacological treatment of COPD and avoid the indiscriminate use of ICS. If deemed necessary, gradual withdrawal of ICS appears to be well tolerated. Vaccination against pneumococcus and influenza should be emphasized in patients with COPD receiving ICS. Physicians should keep in mind that signs and symptoms of pneumonia in COPD patients may be initially indistinguishable from those of an exacerbation, and that patients with COPD appear to be at increased risk of developing pneumonia as a complication of ICS therapy.
Targeting the MEK signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with RAS aberrations
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar
Published: February 2016

With the advancement in understanding the biology of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), therapies focused on novel molecular pathways have come to the forefront of NSCLC treatment. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical aspects underlying the targeting of RAS aberrations in NSCLC with special focus on MEK inhibitors which work by inhibiting the principal downstream mediator of RAS aberrations with a view on how to optimize outcomes with these agents. Preclinical evidence of the activity of MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutant NSCLC has pushed forward the clinical development of these agents (namely selumetinib and trametinib) in KRAS-mutant NSCLC particularly in combination with other agents. A number of randomized studies have been launched to confirm the activity of these agents and to establish their position in the treatment armamentarium of NSCLC.
Technology Use in Transition-Age Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Los Evan , Ulrich Jenae , Guttmann-Bauman Ines
Published: February 2016

Youth with chronic illnesses have the greatest risk for a decline in their health management during transition-age. Because of this demonstrated and well-known issue, research has focused on how to improve the transition of care process. Despite the increasing number of technological devices on the market and the advances in telemedicine modalities available to patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the utilization of technology is still suboptimal among patients of transition-age (ages 13-25). This article reviews the available resources, patterns of use in transition-age youth, and explores opportunities to advance technology use in transitioning patients with T1D from pediatric to adult care.
Bupropion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness as an antidepressant
Authors: Patel Krisna , Allen Sophie , Haque Mariam N. , Angelescu Ilinca , Baumeister David , Tracy Derek K.
Published: February 2016

Bupropion has been used as an antidepressant for over 20 years, though its licence for such use varies and it is typically a third- or fourth-line agent. It has a unique pharmacology, inhibiting the reuptake of noradrenaline and dopamine, potentially providing pharmacological augmentation to more common antidepressants such as selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis identified 51 studies, dividing into four categories: bupropion as a sole antidepressant, bupropion coprescribed with another antidepressant, bupropion in ‘other’ populations (e.g. bipolar depression, elderly populations) and primary evaluation of side effects.

Methodologically more robust trials support the superiority of bupropion over placebo, and most head-to-head antidepressant trials showed an equivalent effectiveness, though some of these are hindered by a lack of a placebo arm. Most work on the coprescribing of bupropion with another antidepressant supports an additional effect, though many are open-label trials. Several large multi-medication trials, most notably STAR*D, also support a therapeutic role for bupropion; in general, it demonstrated similar effectiveness to other medications, though this literature highlights the generally low response rates in refractory cohorts. Effectiveness has been shown in ‘other’ populations, though there is an overall dearth of research. Bupropion is generally well tolerated, it has very low rates of sexual dysfunction, and is more likely to cause weight loss than gain. Our findings support the use of bupropion as a sole or coprescribed antidepressant, particularly if weight gain or sexual dysfunction are, or are likely to be, significant problems. However there are notable gaps in the literature, including less information on treatment naïve and first presentation depression, particularly when one considers the ever-reducing rates of response in more refractory illness. There are some data to support bupropion targeting specific symptoms, but insufficient information to reliably inform such prescribing, and it remains uncertain whether bupropion pharmacodynamically truly augments other drugs.
Exploring the intricacies and dissonances of religious governance: The case of Quebec and the discourse of request
Authors: Barras Amélie
Published: February 2016

This article interrogates the extent to which institutional discourses on the governance of religious minorities are useful to think about the complexity of how religion gets negotiated in the quotidian. It takes as its starting point the exploration of the discourse on religious governance in the province of Quebec organized around the notion of request for accommodations. Through an analysis of public policy documents, it examines facets of this discourse of request, including the role it plays in delimiting what we imagine the religious (and Islam, in particular) to be and how we imagine it to work. Second, drawing on interviews with self-identified Muslims in Montreal, the article explores how piety gets negotiated in their everyday. These narratives are approached as fertile sites to think differently about the recognition of difference. This two-pronged perspective acts as an invitation to think more broadly about not only what institutional discourses “produce” but also what they “obscure.”
Do human rights violations increase the risk of civil war?
Authors: Skarstad Kjersti , Strand Håvard
Published: February 2016

Despite the fact that there are strong assumptions surrounding the effects of human rights violations on the risk of civil war, very few researchers have tested the relationship in an empirical and systematic manner. By drawing on both human rights- and civil war research, this article presents an integrated human rights peace and conflict theory. The effects of rights violations are tested by applying quantitative research methods. The main finding is that violations of economic and social rights and physical integrity rights increase the risk of civil war, while violations of other civil and political rights play only a minor role.
Patterns, predictors and outcomes of asthma control and exacerbations during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Grzeskowiak Luke E. , Smith Brian , Roy Anil , Dekker Gustaaf A. , Clifton Vicki L.
Published: February 2016

There exists a paucity of data for socially disadvantaged populations describing patterns and predictors of asthma control status and exacerbations during pregnancy, and their relationship to adverse perinatal outcomes.

Asthmatic women (n=189) were followed prospectively during pregnancy, with visits at 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks gestation. Data on loss of control, recurrent uncontrolled asthma and moderate/severe exacerbations were collected at each visit and their relationship to perinatal outcomes examined following stratification for fetal sex.

50% of asthmatic women experienced a loss of control or moderate/severe exacerbation during pregnancy, with 22% of women experiencing a moderate/severe exacerbation. Factors associated with an increased risk of women experiencing recurrent uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy included smoking (relative risk 2.92, 95% CI 1.53–5.58), inhaled corticosteroid use at the beginning of pregnancy (relative risk 2.40, 95% CI 1.25–4.60) and increasing maternal age (relative risk 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11). No factors were associated with moderate/severe exacerbations. Asthma control rather than exacerbations during pregnancy appeared to be most strongly correlated with perinatal outcomes. Following stratification by fetal sex, the presence of recurrent uncontrolled asthma was associated with an increased risk of being small for gestational age in women pregnant with females (33.3%versus9.5%; p=0.018). In contrast, there was a nonsignificant increased risk of preterm birth in women with recurrent uncontrolled asthma that were pregnant with males (25.0%versus11.8%; p=0.201)

These results suggest that the key to improving perinatal outcomes lies in improving asthma control as early as possible in pregnancy and monitoring throughout pregnancy, rather than focusing on preventing exacerbations alone.
Daily urinary urea excretion to guide intermittent hemodialysis weaning in critically ill patients
Authors: Aniort Julien , Ait Hssain Ali , Pereira Bruno , Coupez Elisabeth , Pioche Pierre Antoine , Leroy Christophe , Heng Anne Elisabeth , Souweine Bertrand , Lautrette Alexandre
Published: February 2016

Background

There are no easily available markers of renal recovery to guide intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) weaning. The aim of this study was to identify markers for IHD weaning in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients treated with IHD for at least 7 days and four dialysis sessions for AKI between 2006 and 2011 in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a French university hospital. Blood and urinary markers were recorded on the day of the last IHD in the ICU for unweaned patients and 2 days after the last IHD for weaned patients. Factors associated with IHD weaning were identified by multiple logistic regression. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the characteristics of the best diagnostic thresholds were compared.

Results

Sixty-seven patients were analyzed, including thirty-seven IHD-weaned patients. Urine output [odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.10 (per ml/kg/24 h increase); P = 0.01] and urinary urea concentration [OR 1.29, 95 % CI 1.01–1.64 (per 10 mmol/L increase); P = 0.04] were both associated with IHD weaning. The optimal diagnostic thresholds for IHD weaning were urine output greater than 8.5 ml/kg/24 h, urinary urea concentration greater than 148 mmol/L, and daily urea excretion greater than 1.35 mmol/kg/24 h, with accuracy of 82.1 %, 76.1 %, and 92.5 % (P = 0.03), respectively. The AUROC of daily urinary urea excretion (0.96) was greater than the AUROC of urine output (0.86) or the AUROC of urinary urea concentration (0.83) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

A daily urinary urea excretion greater than 1.35 mmol/kg/24 h was found to be the best marker for weaning ICU patients with AKI from IHD.
Impact of Electronic-Alerting of Acute Kidney Injury: Workgroup Statements from the 15th ADQI Consensus Conference
Authors: Hoste Eric A. J. , Kashani Kianoush , Gibney Noel , Wilson F. Perry , Ronco Claudio , Goldstein Stuart L. , Kellum John A. , Bagshaw Sean M. ,   on behalf of the 15 ADQI Consensus Group
Published: February 2016

Purpose of the review:

Among hospitalized patients, acute kidney injury is common and associated with significant morbidity and risk for mortality. The use of electronic health records (EHR) for prediction and detection of this important clinical syndrome has grown in the past decade. The steering committee of the 15th Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference dedicated a workgroup with the task of identifying elements that may impact the course of events following Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) e-alert.

Sources of information:

Following an extensive, non-systematic literature search, we used a modified Delphi process to reach consensus regarding several aspects of the utilization of AKI e-alerts.

Findings:

Topics discussed in this workgroup included progress in evidence base practices, the characteristics of an optimal e-alert, the measures of efficacy and effectiveness, and finally what responses would be considered best practices following AKI e-alerts. Authors concluded that the current evidence for e-alert system efficacy, although growing, remains insufficient. Technology and human-related factors were found to be crucial elements of any future investigation or implementation of such tools. The group also concluded that implementation of such systems should not be done without a vigorous plan to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of e-alerts. Efficacy and effectiveness of e-alerts should be measured by context-specific process and patient outcomes. Finally, the group made several suggestions regarding the clinical decision support that should be considered following successful e-alert implementation.

Limitations:

This paper reflects the findings of a non-systematic review and expert opinion.

Implications:

We recommend implementation of the findings of this workgroup report for use of AKI e-alerts.
Industry-scale finite-difference elastic wave modeling on graphics processing units using the out-of-core technique
Authors: Venstad Jon Marius
Published: February 2016

The difference in computational power between the few- and multicore architectures represented by central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) is significant today, and this difference is likely to increase in the years ahead. GPUs are, therefore, ever more popular for applications in computational physics, such as wave modeling. Finite-difference methods are popular for wave modeling and are well suited for the GPU architecture, but developing an efficient and capable GPU implementation is hindered by the limited size of the GPU memory. I revealed how the out-of-core technique can be used to circumvent the memory limit on the GPU, increasing the available memory to that of the CPU (the main memory) instead, with no significant computational overhead. This approach has several advantages over a parallel scheme in terms of applicability, flexibility, and hardware requirements. Choices in the numerical scheme — the numerical differentiators in particular — also greatly affect computational efficiency. These factors are considered explicitly for GPU implementations of wave modeling because GPUs are special purpose with a visible architecture.
Evaluation of shale gas potential of Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation in Wei-201 well block in Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Borkloe Julius Kwame , Pan Renfang , Jin Jineng , Nyantakyi Emmanuel Kwesi , Meng Jianghui
Published: February 2016

The Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation of the Wei-201 well block in the Sichuan Basin was investigated for shale gas potential. In the subsurface, the thermally mature formation attained a stable thickness of 234 m encompassing an area of approximately [Formula: see text] and representing a potential gas resource. The total gas content measurements from canistered samples was more than the estimated total gas storage capacity of the free gas, absorbed gas, and gas dissolved in water and in oil. The canister gas content ranged between 0.971 and [Formula: see text] and averaged [Formula: see text]. The average estimated gas in place was 2.5 billion cubic meters for the formation in the Weiyuan area. Reflectance measurements for thermal maturity range between 2.60% and 3.06% and average 2.84%. The results of our total organic carbon content (TOC) content analysis conducted on the core shale samples indicate that the TOC content of the formation ranges from 0.87% to 3.57% and averages 2.2%. The mineral composition of marine mudstone formation of the Jiulaodong shale is relatively consistent. Brittle mineral content increases with organic carbon content and is approximately 32%–43%, of which quartz content is 29%–40% with a very low amount of clay mineral as the mixed layer. The amount of illite-smectite ranges from 0% to 1% and the brittleness index range from 37% to 62% and average 57.1%. The Cambrian Jiulaodong Formation ha very good petroleum-source rock potential due to its average TOC content of greater than 2%, average canister gas content of [Formula: see text], good type I kerogen, high maturity with average 2.84% of source rocks that are characterized by a fairly high abundance of organic matter increasing from top to bottom and a large thickness of 234 m. Natural fractures, cracks, and pores developed in the Jiulaodong Formation also provide space for shale gas storage, and its average brittleness index is greater than 57%, which is good for fracability.
Relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels in drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: Diffusion tensor imaging study using tract-based spatial statistics
Authors: Liu Xiaodan , Watanabe Keita , Kakeda Shingo , Yoshimura Reiji , Abe Osamu , Ide Satoru , Hayashi Kenji , Katsuki Asuka , Umene-Nakano Wakako , Watanabe Rieko , Ueda Issei , Nakamura Jun , Korogi Yukunori
Published: February 2016

Background

Higher daytime cortisol levels because of a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The elevated glucocorticoids inhibit the proliferation of the oligodendrocytes that are responsible for myelinating the axons of white matter fibre tracts.

Aims

To evaluate the relationship between white matter integrity and serum cortisol levels during a first depressive episode in drug-naive patients with MDD (MDD group) using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method.

Method

The MDD group (n= 29) and a healthy control group (n= 47) underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and an analysis was conducted using TBSS. Morning blood samples were obtained from both groups for cortisol measurement.

Results

Compared with the controls, the MDD group had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values (P<0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected) in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation. The fractional anisotropy values of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation had significantly negative correlations with the serum cortisol levels in the MDD group (P<0.05, FWE-corrected).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the elevated cortisol levels in the MDD group may injure the white matter integrity in the frontal–subcortical and frontal–limbic circuits.
Discontinuation of antidepressant medication after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: Randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Huijbers Marloes J. , Spinhoven Philip , Spijker Jan , Ruhé Henricus G. , van Schaik Digna J. F. , van Oppen Patricia , Nolen Willem A. , Ormel Johan , Kuyken Willem , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Blom Marc B. J. , Schene Aart H. , Donders A. Rogier T. , Speckens Anne E. M.
Published: February 2016

Background

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and maintenance antidepressant medication (mADM) both reduce the risk of relapse in recurrent depression, but their combination has not been studied.

Aims

To investigate whether MBCT with discontinuation of mADM is non-inferior to MBCT+mADM.

Method

A multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00928980). Adults with recurrent depression in remission, using mADM for 6 months or longer (n= 249), were randomly allocated to either discontinue (n= 128) or continue (n= 121) mADM after MBCT. The primary outcome was depressive relapse/recurrence within 15 months. A confidence interval approach with a margin of 25% was used to test non-inferiority. Key secondary outcomes were time to relapse/recurrence and depression severity.

Results

The difference in relapse/recurrence rates exceeded the non-inferiority margin and time to relapse/recurrence was significantly shorter after discontinuation of mADM. There were only minor differences in depression severity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest an increased risk of relapse/recurrence in patients withdrawing from mADM after MBCT.
Coordination of Actin- and Microtubule-Based Cytoskeletons Supports Transport of Spermatids and Residual Bodies/Phagosomes During Spermatogenesis in the Rat Testis
Authors: Tang Elizabeth I. , Lee Will M. , Cheng C. Yan
Published: February 2016

Germ cell transport across the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis requires the intricate coordination of cell junctions, signaling proteins, and both actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons. Although the involvement of cytoskeletons in germ cell transport has been suggested, the precise mechanism(s) remains elusive. Based on growing evidencethat actin and MT interactions underlie fundamental cellular processes, such as cell motility, it is unlikely that actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons work independently to regulate germ cell transport in the testis. Using rats treated with adjudin, a potential male contraceptive that disrupts spermatid adhesion and transport in the testis, as a study model, we show herein that actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons are both necessary for transport of spermatids and residual bodies/phagosomes across the seminiferous epithelium in adult rat testes. Analysis of intratubular expression of F-actin and tubulin revealed disruption of both actin and MT networks, concomitant with misdirected spermatids and phagosomes in rats treated with adjudin. Actin regulatory proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 and actin-related protein 3, were mislocalized and down-regulated at the actin-rich anchoring junction between germ and Sertoli cells (apical ectoplasmicspecialization) after adjudin treatment. Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase p-FAK-Tyr407, known to regulate F-actin nucleation via actin-related protein 3, was also mislocalized and down-regulated at the apical ectoplasmic specialization, corroborating the observation of actin cytoskeleton disruption. Additionally, spatiotemporal expression of MT regulatory protein end-binding protein 1, shown to be involved in MT-actin cross talk herein, was also disrupted after adjudin treatment. In summary, spermatid/phagosome transport across the epithelium during spermatogenesis requires the coordination between actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons. (Endocrinology 157: 1644–1659, 2016)
Active Warming Utilizing Combined IV Fluid and Forced-Air Warming Decreases Hypothermia and Improves Maternal Comfort During Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Cobb Benjamin , Cho Yuri , Hilton Gillian , Ting Vicki , Carvalho Brendan
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to apply both IV fluid and forced-air warming to decrease perioperative hypothermia in women undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. The authors hypothesize that combined-modality active warming (AW) would increase maternal temperature on arrival at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and decrease the incidence of maternal perioperative hypothermia (<36°C) compared with no AW.

METHODS:

Forty-six healthy women (n = 23 per group) undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia (10–12 mg bupivacaine + 10 μg fentanyl) were enrolled in this double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Women were randomly assigned to receive either AW (warmed IV fluid and lower body forced-air warmer) or no warming (NW; blankets only). SpotOnTM Monitoring System was used to measure core temperature intraoperatively and for 1 hour postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was maternal temperature on arrival at the PACU. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of maternal perioperative hypothermia (<36°C), incidence of shivering, thermal comfort scores (0–100 scale), Apgar scores, and umbilical cord blood gas analysis.

RESULTS:

Demographic, obstetric, and surgical data were similar between study groups. The AW group (35.9°C ± 0.5°C) had a significantly higher temperature on arrival at the PACU compared with the NW group (35.5°C ± 0.5°C, P = 0.006; 95% confidence interval of mean difference, 0.1°C–0.7°C). Fourteen (64%) women in the AW group and 20 (91%) in the NW group were hypothermic during the study period (P = 0.031). Median (interquartile range) thermal comfort scores were 100 (95–100) in the AW group and 90 (70–100) in the NW group (P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the incidence of intraoperative shivering (22% in the AW and 45% in the NW groups; P = 0.11), Apgar scores, or umbilical vein blood gas values between the study groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Fluid combined with forced-air warming is effective in decreasing the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and improving maternal thermal comfort. However, despite multimodal AW, the majority of women became hypothermic, and shivering was not prevented. The findings suggest that combined AW for cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia is difficult, and only modest benefit should be expected.
20-hydroxyecdysone activates Forkhead box O to promote proteolysis during Helicoverpa armigera molting
Authors: Cai Mei-Juan , Zhao Wen-Li , Jing Yu-Pu , Song Qian , Zhang Xiao-Qian , Wang Jin-Xing , Zhao Xiao-Fan
Published: February 2016

Insulin inhibits transcription factor forkhead box O (FoxO) activity, and the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) activates FoxO; however, the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that 20E upregulates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase (PTEN) expression to activate FoxO, thereby promoting proteolysis during molting in the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. FoxO expression is increased during molting and metamorphosis. The knockdown of FoxO in fifth instar larvae results in larval molting failure. 20E induces FoxO non-phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Insulin, via Akt, induces FoxO phosphorylation and cytoplasm localization. 20E represses insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation and FoxO phosphorylation. 20E, via ecdysone receptor B1 (EcRB1) and the ultraspiracle protein (USP1), upregulates PTEN expression, which represses Akt phosphorylation, thereby repressing FoxO phosphorylation. The non-phosphorylated FoxO enters the nucleus and attaches to a FoxO binding element in the upstream region of the Broad isoform 7 (BrZ7) gene to regulate BrZ7 transcription under 20E induction. 20E upregulates FoxO expression via EcRB1 and USP1. FoxO regulation of BrZ7 expression regulates CarboxypeptidaseA expression for final proteolysis during insect molting. Hence, 20E activates FoxO via upregulating PTEN expression to counteract insulin activity and promote proteolysis.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling enables developmental transitions during valvulogenesis
Authors: Bosada Fernanda M. , Devasthali Vidusha , Jones Kimberly A. , Stankunas Kryn
Published: February 2016

Heart valve development proceeds through coordinated steps by which endocardial cushions (ECs) form thin, elongated, and stratified valves. Wnt signaling and its canonical effector β-catenin are proposed to contribute to endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) through postnatal steps of valvulogenesis. However, genetic redundancy and lethality have made it challenging to define specific roles of the canonical Wnt pathway at different stages of valve formation. We developed a transgenic mouse system that provides spatiotemporal inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by chemically-inducible overexpression of Dkk1. Unexpectedly, this approach indicates canonical Wnt signaling is required for EMT in the proximal outflow tract (pOFT) but not atrioventricular canal (AVC) cushions. Further, Wnt indirectly promotes pOFT EMT through its earlier activity in neighboring myocardial cells or their progenitors. Subsequently, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in cushion mesenchymal cells where it supports FGF-driven expansion of ECs and then AVC valve extracellular matrix patterning. Mice lacking Axin2, a negative Wnt regulator, have larger valves, suggesting that accumulating Axin2 in maturing valves represents negative feedback that restrains tissue overgrowth rather than simply reporting Wnt activity. Disruption of these Wnt/β-catenin signaling roles that enable developmental transitions during valvulogenesis could account for common congenital valve defects.
G2-phase arrest prevents bristle progenitor self-renewal and synchronizes cell divisions with cell fate differentiation
Authors: Ayeni Joseph O. , Audibert Agnès , Fichelson Pierre , Srayko Martin , Gho Michel , Campbell Shelagh D.
Published: February 2016

Developmentally regulated cell cycle arrest is a fundamental feature of neurogenesis, whose significance is poorly understood. During Drosophila sensory organ (SO) development, primary progenitor (pI) cells arrest in G2-phase for precisely defined periods. Upon re-entering the cell cycle in response to developmental signals, these G2-arrested precursor cells divide and generate specialized neuronal and non-neuronal cells. To study how G2-phase arrest affects SO lineage specification, we forced pI-cells to divide prematurely. This produced SO with normal neuronal lineages but supernumerary non-neuronal cell types. The reason was that prematurely dividing pI-cells generated a secondary pI-cell that produced a complete SO and an external precursor cell that underwent amplification divisions producing supernumerary non-neural cells. This means that pI-cells are capable to undergo self-renewal before transit to a terminal mode of division. Regulation of G2-phase arrest therefore serves a dual role in SO development: preventing progenitor self-renewal and synchronizing cell division with developmental signals. Cell cycle arrest in G2-phase therefore temporally coordinates the precursor cells proliferation potential with terminal cell fate determination to ensure formation of organs with a normal set of sensory cells.
Graded effects of unregulated smooth muscle myosin on intestinal architecture, intestinal motility and vascular function in zebrafish
Authors: Abrams Joshua , Einhorn Zev , Seiler Christoph , Zong Alan B. , Sweeney H. Lee , Pack Michael
Published: February 2016

Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by the regulated activity of the myosin heavy chain ATPase (Myh11). Myh11 mutations have diverse effects in the cardiovascular, digestive and genitourinary systems in humans and animal models. We previously reported a recessive missense mutation, meltdown (mlt), which converts a highly conserved tryptophan to arginine (W512R) in the rigid relay loop of zebrafish Myh11. The mlt mutation disrupts myosin regulation and non-autonomously induces invasive expansion of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we report two newly identified missense mutations in the switch-1 (S237Y) and coil-coiled (L1287M) domains of Myh11 that fail to complement mlt. Cell invasion was not detected in either homozygous mutant but could be induced by oxidative stress and activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. The smooth muscle defect imparted by the mlt and S237Y mutations also delayed intestinal transit, and altered vascular function, as measured by blood flow in the dorsal aorta. The cell-invasion phenotype induced by the three myh11 mutants correlated with the degree of myosin deregulation. These findings suggest that the vertebrate intestinal epithelium is tuned to the physical state of the surrounding stroma, which, in turn, governs its response to physiologic and pathologic stimuli. Genetic variants that alter the regulation of smooth muscle myosin might be risk factors for diseases affecting the intestine, vasculature, and other tissues that contain smooth muscle or contractile cells that express smooth muscle proteins, particularly in the setting of redox stress.
Reformas Essenciais ao Aperfeiçoamento das Instituições Políticas Brasileiras
Authors: Fagundes Seabra
Published: February 2016

1. A crise das instituições político-constitucionais. 2. A fraude nos pleitos eleitorais. 3. O sacrifício da economia do país com a importação de artigos de luxo. 4. A reforma constitucional e a complementação do direito positivo. 5. A reforma da estrutura política e dinâmica das instituições. 6. A crise do Poder Legislativo. 7. O problema da delegação de poderes. 8. A intervenção federal nos Estados pela inexecução de lei federal. 9. O princípio da maioria absoluta. 10. O problema da aplicação da cota do impôsto de renda pelos Municípios. 11. As aplicações das dotações orçamentárias e as deficiências de seu contrôle pelo Tribunal de Contas. 12. O emperramento da máquina administrativa. 13. A fraude do alistamento e o subôrno do eleitorado. 14. O uso do crédito oficial com finalidades político-partidárias. 15. Declaração de bens dos candidatos a cargos públicos. 16. O problema da remuneração dos servidores públicos em inatividade. 17. Revisão do conceito do sigilo bancário. 18. Conclusão.
Aspectos do Parlamentarismo Brasileiro
Authors: Reale Miguel
Published: February 2016

O neoparlamentarismo e a solução brasileira. Parlamentarismo e federação. Senado e Câmara dos Deputados. As atribuições do Presidente da República. Poder de veto. O Ato Adicional e a Constituição de 1946. Parlamentarismo e vida partidária. Outros aspectos do Ato Adicional. Delegação legislativa. O Parlamento e os Estados. Parlamentarismo e representação proporcional. Conclusão.
Fundações Públicas de Direito Privado
Authors: Aragão Alexandre Santos
Published: February 2016

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A Normatividade dos Fatos, as Conseqüências Políticas das Decisões Judiciais e o Pragmatismo do Supremo Tribunal Federal (Comentários à ADI 2240-7/BA)
Authors: Pogrebinschi Thamy
Published: February 2016

Supremo Tribunal Federal
O delineamento do estatuto dos partidos políticos na jurisprudência do supremo tribunal federal
Authors: Ramos Elival da Silva
Published: February 2016

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o Cabimento da Arbitragem nos Contratos Administrativos
Authors: Sundfeld Carlos Ari , Câmara Jacintho Arruda
Published: February 2016

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Concurso de Ingresso à Magistratura- Voto do Conselheiro Joaquim Falcão no Procedimento de Controle Administrativo nº 510
Authors: Falcão Joaquim
Published: February 2016

Conselho Nacional de Justiça
Comentários ao HC nº 91.414/BA - A Evolução Constitucional na Interpretação do Direito ao Silêncio
Authors: Moraes Alexandre de
Published: February 2016

Supremo Tribunal Federal
Titularidade do serviço de saneamento básico
Authors: Martins Ricardo Marcondes
Published: February 2016

O exame da titularidade do serviço de saneamento básico exige uma prévia advertência. Este artigo tem pretensão científica: alcançar a interpretação mais consentânea com o conjunto normativo vigente. Nem sempre os temas jurídicos são examinados sob esse enfoque; na maioria das vezes têm pretensão advocatória, visando à defesa de determinado interesse. Essa, provavelmente, é a causa da divergência entre o que será exposto neste artigo e o que já foi apresentado pela doutrina brasileira. A diferença de resultados decorre da diferença de enfoque. Vigoram na ciência do direito alguns postulados fundamentais. Um dos mais importantes é o da supremacia da Constituição, segundo o qual as normas constitucionais são o fundamento formal e material de todas as demais normas jurídicas. As normas infraconstitucionais não devem apenas ser produzidas de acordo com o procedimento constitucionalmente fixado; seu conteúdo não pode contrariar a Constituição. Trata-se de uma afirmação óbvia, conhecida de todos os graduados em direito. Há, contudo, uma proporção direta entre o conhecimento desse pos- tulado e seu desprezo: ele é amplamente conhecido e, infelizmente, amplamente desdenhado. Daí a importância de se afirmar o óbvio como ponto de partida: toda interpretação jurídica deve ser conforme a Constituição. A chamada Lei de Saneamento Básico, Lei Federal no 11.445, de 5 de janeiro de 2007, é notável exemplo de menosprezo ao texto constitucional vigente. A contrariedade à Constituição não é apenas percebida numa de suas regras específicas, nem apenas num conjunto delas, o problema é muito pior: o próprio espírito da lei é viciado pela contrariedade ao texto magno. O exame científico da titularidade do serviço de saneamento impõe explicitar, ainda que de forma sumária, os fundamentos dessa assertiva.
Direito de avaliação e eventual declaração de comercialidade da descoberta realizada no BC-400
Authors: Aragão Alexandre Santos de
Published: February 2016

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Cade: produção de provas e dosimetria da multa em processo administrativo de investigação de cartel
Authors: Furquim de Azevedo Paulo
Published: February 2016

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Análise de custo-benefício na adoção de políticas públicas e desafios impostos ao seu formulador
Authors: Martinez Ana Paula
Published: February 2016

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Processo decisório e inovação institucional no presidencialismo de coalizão: um estudo a partir da gênese das agências reguladoras no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Leandro Molhano , Peixoto Vitor de Moraes , Burlamaqui Patrícia de Oliveira
Published: February 2016

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A "autorização fictícia" no direito administrativo
Authors: Marrara Thiago
Published: February 2016

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Formas alternativas de solução de conflitos
Authors: Andrighi Fátima Nancy
Published: February 2016

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Inconstitucionalidade do exercício de competências privativas do cargo de auditor fiscal da receita estadual por ocupantes do cargo de gestor fazendário
Authors: Mello Celso Antônio Bandeira de
Published: February 2016

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Legalidade dos atos do Conselho Nacional de Justiça para os Tribunais Estaduais
Authors: Falcão Joaquim
Published: February 2016

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Desempenho econômico através do tempo
Authors: Notrh Douglas C.
Published: February 2016

Este ensaio é sobre as instituições e o tempo. Ele não fornece uma teoria da dinâmica econômica comparável à teoria de equilíbrio geral. Ainda não temos tal teoria. Em vez disso, fornece a base inicial de um quadro analítico capaz de aumentar a nossa compreensão da evolução histórica das economias e um guia não refinado para política na tarefa em curso de melhora do desempenho econômico das economias. O quadro analítico é uma modificação da teoria neoclássica. O que se mantém é o pressuposto fundamental da concorrência e, consequentemente, da escassez e das ferramentas analíticas da teoria microeconômica. O que se modifica é o pressuposto da racionalidade. O que se acrescenta é a dimensão do tempo. This essay is about institutions and time. It does not provide a theory of economic dynamics comparable to general equilibrium theory. We do not have such a theory. Rather it provides the initial scaffolding of an analytical framework capable of increasing our understanding of the historical evolution of economies and a necessarily crude guide to policy in the ongoing task of improving the economic performance of economies. The analytical framework is a modification of neo-classical theory. What it retains is the fundamental assumption of scarcity and hence competition and the analytical tools of microeconomic theory. What it modifies is the rationality assumption. What it adds is the dimension of time.
Advogado contratado, segurança jurídica e ampla defesa
Authors: Dallari Adilson Abreu
Published: February 2016

Este artigo discute comportamento recorrente do Ministério Público, qual seja, o de impugnar a licitude, por meio de ação civil pública ou inquérito civil, de contratos celebrados entre prefeituras e advogados particulares para a prestação de serviços. Tal prática, além de interferir, ignorando o princípio da presunção de inocência, na esfera discricionária da administração pública, não apresenta devidamente, no que concerne o advogado contratado, a possibilidade de ampla defesa, e lesa “sobreprincípio” constitucional: a segurança jurídica. Argumenta-se, ainda, que o Ministério Público não tem competência para promover ações de ressarcimento, que somente poderão ser intentadas pelas próprias municipalidades interessadas, por intermédio de seus procuradores.  This article discusses a recurrent behavior on behalf of the Public Prosecutor, which is to appeal against the lawfulness, by means of civil action and investigation, of certain contracts drawn up between municipalities and private attorneys. Such mentioned behavior goes beyond interfering in the discretionary orb of the public administration. It ignores its presumption of innocence, and doesn’t properly present the lawyer with the possibility of full defense, as well as infringes constitutional “superprincipal” of legal security. The article also arguments that the Public Prosecutor does not have the competence to promote legal compensation actions. Those may only be brought forward by the municipalities themselves, through their prosecutors.
Caráter imperativo dos estatutos de universidades privadas: a questão da homologação de decisões pela reitoria
Authors: Guimarães André Sathler
Published: February 2016

Discute-se a aplicabilidade dos princípios do direito administrativo a instituições universitárias privadas. Apresenta-se para análise caso referente a processo de atribuição de aulas, realizado pela Reitoria da universidade em desacordo com o Estatuto da mesma. Argumenta-se pela prevalência do direito administrativo para aplicação ao caso, apesar de orientação em contrário por parte do Ministério da Educação.  There is a discussion about the applicability of administrative right to private universities. There is a case analysis about an administrative process of classes definition, conducted by the President, in disagreement with the university’s bylaws. The arguments shows that there must prevail the administrative right in the case, despite the Ministry of Education guidance in contrary.