bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic stages of integration and social inclusion of migrants, refugees and forcibly displaced persons: stage 3 «acceptance and stability»
Authors: Kupriianova Larysa , Kupriianova Daryna
Published: May 2024

The postulate of integration/social inclusion of people, who possess migrational background postulates a fundamental pattern of modern societal development of every given community around the World. To analyze potential struggles, which make impact onto the aforementioned process, we shall first of all signalize indexes that play a fundamental role on one’s way to the outer acceptance. Thus, in the frame of the current chapter of our general research on optimization of integration and social inclusion of refugees, migrants and forcibly displaced persons, we have identified three stages of the analyzed processes, as well as took into a precise consideration the third phase among those ones, which were emphasized earlier. Current article constitutes an integral part of the scientific research’s chapter, which was mentioned above, as well as conclude our analysis on the stages of integration and social inclusion.
Щодо питання інтеграції процедури медіації у виконавче провадження
Authors: Ковалко Наталія
Published: May 2024

У статті розглядається питання інтеграції процедури медіації у виконавче провадження в контексті сучасних викликів української системи правосуддя. Автор висвітлює переваги використання медіації на етапі виконавчого провадження, особливості її законодавчого забезпечення в Україні, а також підкреслює недоліки поточного законодавства та пропонує шляхи їх усунення. Акцентується на важливості аналізу міжнародного досвіду для впровадження найкращих практик в українську систему виконання рішень. Розглянуто два основні підходи до інтеграції медіації на стадії виконавчого провадження: запровадження зовнішньої або внутрішньої медіації. Стаття визначає ключові аспекти, які необхідно врахувати при впровадженні зовнішньої медіації, такі, як: процедура ініціювання медіації, обов'язок виконавця інформувати сторони про можливість звернення до медіації, запровадження стимулюючих заходів тощо. Щодо внутрішньої медіації, стаття розглядає її застосування як для державних, так і для приватних виконавців, враховуючи особливості їхнього правового статусу. Підсумовується, що запровадження медіації у виконавчий процес України вимагає комплексного підходу та узгоджених дій для забезпечення ефективного використання цього інструменту вирішення конфліктів та спорів.
Эффективность применения препарата Простомин при хроническом простатите
Authors: Акбаров Алишер , Акбаров Сарвар
Published: May 2024

Цель исследования - изучить эффективность препарата «Простомин» при хроническом простатите категории III. Материал и методы исследования. Нами было обследованы 50 пациентов возрастной группы 30-40 лет, с жалобами, характерными для хронического простатита, которые наблюдались в OOO “MED ELITE” за период 2023 года. Результаты исследования. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют об эффективности влияния препарата «Простомин» в качестве монотерапии на симптомы нижних мочевых путей у пациентов с хроническим простатитом категории III, улучшение клинических показателей и УЗИ параметров. Отмечено повышение качества жизни у пациентов испытуемой группы. Установлена хорошая переносимость препарата «Простомин», длительно сохраняющийся клинический эффект после проведенной терапии. Выводы. Препарат «Простомин» может применяться в качестве монотерапии у пациентов с симптомами нижних мочевых путей при хроническом простатите категории III. Доказана абсолютная безопасность применения препарата.
Пріоритети і особливості організації практичних занять в тилових медичних університетах під час війни за досвідом кафедри ЛОР-хвороб Вінницького національного медичного університету ім. М.І. Пирогова
Authors: Кіщук Василь , Барціховський Андрій , Дмитренко Ігор , Бондарчук Олександр , Лобко Катерина , Існюк Андрій , Грицун Ярослав , Скічко Сергій , Шамрай Сергій
Published: May 2024

В праці висвітлюється досвід кафедри оториноларингології ВНМУ ім.М.І.Пирогова у збереженні можливості тренінгу практичних навичок з обстеження ЛОР-органів і надання ургентної допомоги в умовах військового стану в тилових вищих медичних навчальних закладах. Основна увага приділяється питанням організації безпечних практичних занять з клінічних дисциплін. Також освітлюються переваги і недоліки дистанційного і очного навчання, особливості використання безпечних сховищ для викладання клінічних дисциплін, особливості матеріально-технічного і програмного забезпечення, принципи оптимізації навчальної програми при комбінованій формі навчання.
Характеристика поствакцинального імунітету до гепатиту В у осіб цільових груп
Authors: Смілянська Майя , Волянський Андрій , Дідоренко Тетяна , Мороз Марина
Published: May 2024

В роботі проаналізовано основні критерії оцінки поствакцинального імунітету у дітей, підлітків та медичних працівників: результати серологічного обстеження залежно від терміну його проведення після останнього щеплення, застосовані схеми імунізації та вік обстежуваних. Вакцини проти гепатиту В, що застосовуються, забезпечують довготривалий специфічний захист. Показники імунологічної ефективності повного курсу вакцинації медичних працівників проти гепатиту В не досягали нормованого рівня (не нижче 90%) незалежно від тривалості поствакцинального періоду. Зі збільшенням віку щеплених показники імунологічної ефективності вакцинації проти гепатиту В знижувалися. В умовах масової вакцинопрофілактики слід переглянути тактику щорічного профілактичного обстеження медичних працівників на маркери гепатиту В.
Спосіб модернізації електропривода подачі горизонтально-розточувального верстата
Authors: Білюк Іван , Савченко Олег , Муштаєв Михайло , Уляновський Євген , Данько Олексій , Андрєєв Павло
Published: May 2024

В данній роботі розглянуто варіант модернізації асинхронного електропривода подачі горизонтально-розточувального верстата з використанням системи векторного керування.
The current status of zirconium alloys fuel cladding
Authors: Pylypenko Mykola , Yefimov Oleksandr
Published: May 2024

Properties such as corrosion and radiation resistance of zirconium alloys fuel claddings for nuclear reactors and ways to improve them are considered. The need to ensure high radiation and corrosion resistance and reliability of fuel claddings for the safe operation of pressurized water reactors of NPPs under operating conditions is substantiated. The use of sponge zirconium as the base of the alloys provides safety criteria under LOCA conditions. Optimization of the Fe content in the Zr-1%Nb alloy leads to increased corrosion resistance in the coolant and resistance to radiation growth during irradiation.
Аналіз предумов створення заводу з утилізації суден в Україні
Authors: Александровська Надія , Пізінцалі Людмила , Россомаха Олена , Россомаха Олег , Рабоча Тетяна , Малишкін Олексій
Published: May 2024

У тезах розглядаються питання створення заводу з утилізації суден в Україні як шляху відродження суднобудівної та судноремонтної галузей. Акцентується увага на необхідності дотримання екологічних вимог і міжнародних стандартів при утилізації суден. Пропонується комплекс заходів для ефективної організації утилізаційних процесів, зокрема ратифікація Гонконгської конвенції 2009 року, розробка національного законодавства, програми дотацій підприємствам, адаптація верфей. Також звертається увага на важливість конкурентоспроможних технологій оброблення суден та систем оцінки стану морського транспорту. У висновку описуються перспективи України у сфері переробки суднового металобрухту в басейні Чорного моря.
Сравнительный анализ плат Arduino: характеристики, преимущества и применение
Authors: Фозилжонов Хожиакбар , Азизова Сайёра
Published: May 2024

Данный обзор рассматривает различные модели плат Arduino, широко используемых в электронике, робототехнике, IoT и многих других областях. В статье представлено подробное описание основных характеристик и возможностей каждой модели платы Arduino, включая Arduino Uno, Nano, Mega, Micro, Due, Leonardo, и другие. Также рассмотрены проекты, которые можно реализовать на каждой из этих плат, а также преимущества и ограничения каждой модели.
Control of mobil robots in fuzzy environment
Authors: Mammadova Kifayat , Ahmedov Resul
Published: May 2024

In this work, the application of fuzzy hardware control to the dynamic movement of an autonomous two-wheeled mobile robot under uncertainty is considered the most relevant topic of the day. There are also adverse reactions. These led to an imprecise mathematical model for the two-wheeled robotic test rig. Therefore, the goal of developing a control system for a two-wheeled robot with a fuzzy logic control algorithm was set. The development of fuzzy logic control systems according to modern applications is very important to create intelligent robots that can be used in wider applications. In this work, a fuzzy control model for a non-linear two-wheeled robot system is designed, followed by a real-time implementation of the developed control in a robot device. Finally, the experimental results of the system were analyzed and discussed, and the closed-loop response of the fuzzy logic two-wheeled robot system with PID control was tested. The fuzzy control has a better response than the PID controller. A similar effect was observed for the normalized speed of the motors, as less energy was required to balance and stabilize the two-wheeled robot with fuzzy control. One of the main advantages of the method proposed in the article is to enable the autonomous two-wheeled mobile robot to operate without collision with obstacles and with high dynamic accuracy in a low-obstacle environment. As a result of the simulation, the effectiveness and reliability of the change avoidance behavior in uncertain environments and the speed control of the two-wheeled mobile robot platform of the proposed fuzzy control strategy are realized.
Integrating artificial intelligence into additive manufacturing for the development of Braille models
Authors: Khamula Orest , Tarasov Nikita
Published: May 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in additive manufacturing (AM) has shown great potential for revolutionizing the production of braille models. Braille models play a vital role in the lives of visually impaired individuals, providing them with access to important information and facilitating their education, employment, and daily activities. However, the traditional manufacturing process for Braille models is time-consuming and costly and limits design flexibility and customization. The use of artificial intelligence in 3D printing for Braille production overcomes these challenges and provides specific benefits such as improved manufacturing and design processes, increased accuracy and ease of use, increased production speed, economic benefits and the ability to flexibly adjust the 3D model to achieve the expected results. However, the integration of AI for braille in additive manufacturing poses several challenges, including technical, ethical, and legal challenges. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence into additive manufacturing for the development of 3D models with relief dot braille and provides an understanding of the potential advantages and obstacles of this innovative approach. In particular, it examines how artificial intelligence can improve the braille design process, the opportunities it offers for improved accuracy and usability, and the main obstacles to incorporating artificial intelligence into AM braille design. Thus, the potential of additive manufacturing to radically transform the additive manufacturing approach to creating braille models is further enhanced by its integration with artificial intelligence.
Artificial neural networks in the creation of systems for monitoring and evaluating the quality of knowledge
Authors: Mamatov Narzullo , Ibrokhimov Sanjar , Samijonov Abdurashid
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the use of the integration of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the development of knowledge quality monitoring and assessment systems, the proposed system using ANNs adaptive learning capabilities allows for automation of tasks such as content validation and relevance assessment. In addition, theoretical foundations and existing problems are discussed in this work. Also, the possibilities of increasing the reliability and relevance of the knowledge of various fields of ANN were studied.
ERP в сфере информационной безопасности анализ рисков
Authors: Агыбаева Мереке
Published: May 2024

Мир информационных технологий (ИТ) совершенствуется благодаря широкому распространению инноваций, и системы планирования ресурсов предприятия (ERP) являются одной из них. На уровне пользователей все еще существуют споры о вкладе ERP-систем в производительность, поскольку пользователи используют эти системы и оценивают фактические преимущества и их влияние на них. Оценка рисков информационной безопасности является важной частью практики управления предприятиями, которая помогает идентифицировать, количественно оценить и расставить приоритеты рисков в соответствии с критериями принятия риска и целями, соответствующими организации. Управление рисками относится к процессу, который состоит из идентификации, управления и устранения или снижения вероятности событий, которые могут негативно повлиять на ресурсы информационной системы, для снижения рисков безопасности, которые потенциально могут повлиять на информационную систему. при условии приемлемой стоимости средств защиты, содержащих анализ рисков, анализ параметра «затраты-эффективность», выбор, построение и тестирование подсистемы безопасности, а также исследование всех аспектов безопасности.
Етапи циклу розробленої концептуальної моделі управління перспективними наземно-повітряними комунікаційними Ad-hoc мережами спеціального призначення
Authors: Бєляков Роберт
Published: May 2024

Інтерес дослідження процесу управління наземно-повітряними мережами викликано рядом протиріч та проблем інтеграції повітряних комунікаційних мереж класу FANET та ресурсними обмеженнями під час функціонування мобільних користувачів (вузлів) наземних комунікаційних мереж в умовах апріорної невизначеності – динамічної топології, тобто в умовах, коли фізичні носії комунікаційного обладнання рухаються із змінною швидкістю обумовленою змінами рельєфу місцевості та наявністю перешкод, різних технічних характеристик, моделями шумових характеристик та завад різного роду. Акцентується увага, що існуючий науково-методологічний апарат не дозволяє описати процес міжрівневої взаємодії наземної та повітряної компоненти сучасних мобільних комунікаційних мереж для управління в реальному часі. Наукова новизна запропонованої моделі обумовлена використанням математичних співвідношень алгоритму машинного навчання, що враховує фізичні властивості середовища функціонування комунікаційних вузлів завдяки нейронним мережам кожної з цільових функцій, які є основою для отримання бази знань починаючи з етапу планування. В роботі підкреслюється, що отримання бази статистичних даних на етапі планування з використанням набору адекватних моделей функціонування наземно-повітряною комунікаційною мережею (НПМ), дозволить виявити закономірності поведінкових моделей вузлових елементів для досягнення визначених користувальницьких або мережевих цільових функцій. Що забезпечить виграш у часі пошуку оптимального рішення управління НПМ.
Estimating Polygyny Rates Among Hunter-Gatherers: A Statistical Model for Historical Source Criticism With a Yamana Case Study
Authors: Mori Satoshi
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to incorporate an evolutionary perspective into the field of ethnohistory. Specifically, I developed a statistical model to estimate the polygyny rate among hunter-gatherers and applied it as a supplementary method of historical source criticism. The records of Reverend Thomas Bridges, who began his research in the late 1850s, are considered the most reliable accounts of the Yamana (Yahgan) people of Tierra del Fuego, South America. However, his records on the practice of polygyny are inconsistent, stating that polygyny was “very general” at times and denying its existence at others. While historical source criticism necessitates efforts to discover new sources, in cases such as that of the Yamana where reliance on inaccurate records by missionaries and travelers of the time is unavoidable, the evaluation and selection of conflicting sources become crucial. Therefore, I attempted to estimate the polygyny rate among the Yamana using a generalized linear mixed model with hunter-gatherer societies as the population. The results suggest that Bridges’s records, particularly those from the early stages of his research, are likely to be unreliable, even when considering Bayesian credible intervals.
RISCOS E PREVENÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS BUCAIS EM CRIANÇAS PREMATURAS
Authors: Ferreira Júlia Gabrielly Brito , Rodrigues Safira Kalyne Silva , Neves Tereza Maria Alcântara , Verde Giselle Maria Ferreira Lima , Rego Isabel Cristina Quaresma , Araújo Tainá de Castelo Branco
Published: May 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre prematuridade e alterações orais em crianças, com ênfase na identificação precoce e na prevenção de problemas de saúde bucal nesse grupo de indivíduos. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que consiste na revisão da literatura relacionada à temática abordada. Para tanto, foram utilizados artigos, monografias e periódicos publicados nos anos de 2018 a 2023, pesquisados nas bases de dados, PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs e na Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO). Para facilitar a localização das informações nas bases, foram utilizados os Descritores em ciências da saúde (DECS): Prematuridade, saúde bucal, odontopediatria e pré-termo. Revisão bibliográfica: De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), estima-se que nasçam cerca de 15 milhões de bebês prematuros por ano. São considerados prematuros os recém-nascidos com idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas. Os bebês que nascem antes da 29ª semana perdem um importante período de desenvolvimento dos dentes durante o terceiro trimestre gestacional. As implicações da prematuridade no sistema estomatognático são diversas e abrangentes. Uma das observações mais notáveis é a ocorrência de Defeitos de Desenvolvimento do Esmalte (DDE) em crianças prematuras, que podem afetar a qualidade e a resistência do esmalte dental. Conclusão: Com base na análise das complexidades associadas ao nascimento prematuro e suas implicações no sistema estomatognático, é evidente que a prematuridade é um fator predisponente que pode afetar o desenvolvimento dos tecidos e órgãos, incluindo os ossos faciais e a dentição. Essa condição apresenta uma série de desafios, desde a etiologia multifatorial até as consequências para a saúde bucal e craniofacial das crianças prematuras.
LABIO LEPORINO: ATUAÇÃO DO CIRURGIÃO DENTISTA NA EQUIPE MULTIDISCIPLINAR DE TRATAMENTO
Authors: Soares Isadora de Oliveira , Shigeto Eros Bittencourt , Pinto Emanuel Vieira
Published: May 2024

Este estudo concentrou-se na intervenção do cirurgião-dentista na fissura labiopalatina, ressaltando sua eficácia e a importância da colaboração multidisciplinar. O desafio central residiu em apresentar a importância da intervenção realizada por esse profissional em suas diversas especialidades, com tratamentos que são realizados desde os primeiros meses de vida do paciente acometido, passando pela infância, adolescência e fase adulta, bem como oferecer embasamento científico para aprimorá-la, considerando não apenas aspectos físicos, mas também os impactos emocionais e sociais na vida dos pacientes. Como o cirurgião-dentista pode desempenhar um papel mais eficaz na equipe multidisciplinar de tratamento do lábio leporino, visando proporcionar um cuidado abrangente e acessível aos pacientes? Os objetivos incluiram apresentar a precisão anatômica e funcional da intervenção, analisar a colaboração multidisciplinar e explorar aspectos emocionais e sociais. A metodologia adotou abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, com análise de estudos científicos de fontes como SCIELO, PubMed e BVS. Como resultado, obter visões detalhadas sobre precisão anatômica, melhorias funcionais e impactos emocionais, identificando boas práticas na colaboração multidisciplinar para aprimorar o tratamento, considerando que este é complexo e longo, exigindo também intervenções de outros profissionais, para que o prognóstico alcançado seja satisfatório.
DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA PARA ALUNOS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO NOS ANOS INICIAIS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Marcelino de , Barbosa Francisco Danilo Duarte , Oliveira Francineide Soares de , Martins Marcela Tarciana Cunha Silva , Machado Gabriela Marcolino Alves
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo buscou elucidar a importância da educação inclusiva no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Metodologicamente trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, realizado nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Google Acadêmico. Para tal utilizou os seguintes descritores: Educação Inclusiva. Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Anos Iniciais. A revisão bibliográfica abarcou os temas: “Panorama da educação inclusiva no Brasil”, “Visão geral do transtorno do espectro autista (TEA)”, “Perspectiva da educação inclusiva nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental” e “Os desafios da educação inclusiva no processo de aprendizagem da criança com TEA durante o período pandêmico”. Conclui-se que ao longo do período pandêmico ficou ainda mais complexo trabalhar e desenvolver atividades com as crianças com TEA, visto que, tanto os professores, quanto os alunos e os familiares precisaram se adaptar a esta nova realidade, ou ao “novo normal”, e ainda necessitaram vencer as inseguranças quanto ao uso de tecnologias para que tivessem acesso aos conteúdos ministrados pelos professores, de modo que, conseguissem acompanhar juntamente com a turma de forma satisfatória, garantindo-lhes o aprendizado necessário.
INTERVENÇÕES NUTRICIONAIS NO TRATAMENTO DA OBESIDADE PEDIÁTRICA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Caldeira Eduarda de Sousa Antunes , Cavinato Kethlen Torres , Coelho Bruna Amélia de Oliveira , Rodrigues Alexandre Aniceto , Moura Letícia de Mariz
Published: May 2024

A obesidade pediátrica tem emergido como um desafio de saúde pública global, com suas complicações associadas apresentando impactos significativos na saúde a longo prazo das crianças. Intervenções nutricionais desempenham um papel crucial no manejo dessa condição, visando promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis desde a infância, e potencialmente prevenir complicações metabólicas e cardiovasculares no futuro. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre intervenções nutricionais na obesidade pediátrica oferece insights valiosos para orientar práticas clínicas e políticas de saúde pública. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é analisar criticamente as intervenções nutricionais aplicadas no tratamento da obesidade pediátrica, com foco na eficácia, segurança e viabilidade dessas abordagens, a fim de fornecer evidências robustas para orientar estratégias de manejo clínico e intervenções de saúde pública. Metodologia: Utilizando o checklist PRISMA, esta revisão sistemática incluiu artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, obtidos das bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Web of Science. Os descritores utilizados foram "obesidade pediátrica", "intervenção nutricional", "crianças", "tratamento" e "revisão sistemática". Os critérios de inclusão abrangiam estudos que investigaram intervenções nutricionais em crianças com obesidade, com análise de desfechos relacionados ao peso corporal, composição corporal e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos. Os critérios de exclusão envolviam estudos não relacionados ao tema, revisões narrativas e estudos com amostras exclusivamente adultas. Resultados: Os resultados desta revisão destacaram diversas abordagens nutricionais empregadas no tratamento da obesidade pediátrica, incluindo restrição calórica, modificações na dieta, intervenções comportamentais e educação nutricional. Evidências sugerem que intervenções multifacetadas, com foco na mudança de estilo de vida, tendem a ser mais eficazes a longo prazo. Além disso, estratégias personalizadas, adaptadas às necessidades individuais da criança e de sua família, demonstraram melhores resultados. Conclusão: Esta revisão sistemática ressalta a importância das intervenções nutricionais no tratamento da obesidade pediátrica, enfatizando a necessidade de abordagens integradas e personalizadas para melhorar os resultados a longo prazo. A implementação de estratégias eficazes no âmbito clínico e políticas de saúde pública pode desempenhar um papel fundamental na mitigação do impacto crescente da obesidade infantil na saúde global.
Antiadipogenic activity of homoeopathic preparation of Chelidonium Majus employing3T3-L1 cell line as a model.
Authors: Aphale Parth , Gawade Chinmay , Sharma Dharmendra , Bhonde Ramesh , Sanap Avinash , Kharat Avinash
Published: May 2024

Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells through the process of adipogenesis. Adipocyte metabolism is abnormal in a range of disorders like obesity, nutritional insufficiency and diabetes. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are most often used to create adipocyte models, and they can be differentiated into adipocyte cells under the right conditions. Homeopathic preparation of Chelidonium majus (HPCM) in management of Obesity and T2DM has many evidences in clinical practice.3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells were differentiated into adipocytes by using differentiation cocktail. Cell were treated with HPCM attenuation at the concentration of 0.5%, 1% and 2% for 15 days. Oil O Red Staining was used to assess LD accumulation. In order to determine the lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, cells were dissolved in isopropanol and the absorbance values were measured. Images were captured and analysed using software imageJ.We investigated the action of Homeopathic preparations of Chelidonium majus (HPCM) in obesity using the 3T3-L1 adipogenesis model employing huMSC’s.After differentiation of adipocytes many LDs were formed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which can be compared with no lipid droplet in 3T3-L1nondifferentiated cells. Further, area of differentiated adipocytes was mapped and then compared for LD accumulation in control and HPCM for checking its antiadipogenic activity.A significant reduction in accumulation of lipid droplets was seen in 0.5%, 1% and 2% concentration of HPCM as compared to control during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. Excessive differentiation of cells and high fat accumulation in the adipose tissue are closely linked to obesity. Preadipocyte differentiation inhibitors may have preventive and therapeutic potential as anti-obesity drugs. HPCM has potential to act as an antiadipogenic agent which can be used to combat various diseases like obesity, T2DM and cardiovascular diseases
Efficacy of Homeopathic Higher Dilutions in management of Sleep Disorders: A Review
Authors: Aphale Parth , Sharma Dharmendra , Shekhar Himanshu
Published: May 2024

Background: Sleep disorders, including insomnia, have diverse causes and can significantly impact physical and mental health. Homeopathy is explored as an alternative treatment for these disorders, but its efficacy remains uncertain. Aim/Objective: This study reviews clinical research on the efficacy of homeopathic higher dilutions remedies for sleep disorders. The goal is to provide insights into the progress in clinical and preclinical investigations on homeopathy for sleep disorders. Methodology: We conducted a comprehensive database search for original clinical studies on homeopathy and sleep disorders and its related terminology published until September 2023, applying exclusion criteria to select relevant studies. Results: We identified 11 studies meeting our criteria. These studies explored the use of homeopathic remedies for managing sleep disorders with the help of various assessment tools, like Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), STAI questionnaire, Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Sleep Diary (SD), Sleep Impairment Index (SII), Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), and Trait of Anxiety Scale (TAS). Findings included reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality with Passiflora Compose, potential benefits of individualized homeopathic treatment for insomnia, and positive outcomes in children and young adults with sleep issues. Homeopathy also showed potential effects on sleep patterns in a rat study.  Conclusion: The reviewed studies suggest the potential benefits of homeopathic treatments for sleep-related conditions. Passiflora Compose, individualized homeopathic treatment, and homeopathic similimum demonstrated promise in improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety. More research and larger trials are needed for wider acceptance, but these findings highlight their value for diverse populations.
The INFN-LNS Fibre optic infrastructure
Authors: Pulvirenti Sara , Viola Salvatore
Published: May 2024

The INFN-LNS (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Laboratori Nazionali del Sud) operates two deep-sea cabled infrastructures in Eastern Sicily.The first infrastructure connects a shore laboratory in the port of Catania to two underwater sites in the Gulf of Catania. This connection is made through an electro-optical submarine cable, approximately 25 km long, which hosts 10 optical fibers. At a distance of 20 km from the shore laboratory, the cable splits into two branches via a Y-junction to reach two different cable termination frames: TSN (Test Site North) and TSS (Test Site South), both located at a depth of 2100 m.The second infrastructure is situated 100 km southeast of Portopalo di Capo Passero at a depth of 3500m. The underwater site is connected to the shore laboratory in the harbor of Portopalo via two underwater electro-optical cables. These cables carry 20 and 48 optical fibers, respectively. The second cable, funded by the IDMAR PO-FESR project, was deployed between November 2020 and November 2022. Thanks to a Y-branching unit, the cable is split underwater into two different branches.These two LNS fiber optic infrastructures have hosted several Italian and European projects, including Geoinquire, EMSO-ERIC, IPANEMA/ECCSEL-ERIC, and FOCUS-ERC in Catania; KM3NeT and EMSO in Portopalo di Capo Passero.Specifically, within the FOCUS-ERC and Geoinquire projects, DAS (Distributed Acoustic Sensing) and BOTDR (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) measurements were acquired over a long period.The optical network of the two deep-sea infrastructures and the available assets for geoscience will be described.
Multi-scale Fiber Sensing for Earthquake, Volcano, and Ocean Studies
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen
Published: May 2024

Geophysical phenomena and associated hazards unfold over various scales, from a few kilometers near faults or eruptive fissures to thousands of kilometers across ocean basins. The advent of fiber sensing technologies like Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and trans-oceanic long-range sensing has revolutionized the deployment of dense seismic arrays on land, ocean floors, and in volcanic regions. These technologies' broad reach and continuous monitoring capabilities enable the study of geophysical processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. In my presentation, I will provide recent case studies where fiber sensing has enhanced our understanding of earthquakes, volcanic activities, and tsunami, and I will discuss their growing potential in early warning systems.
Practical Considerations for Field Deployable DAS Systems
Authors: Hill David
Published: May 2024

Over the past 20 years fiber-optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) units have been deployed in telecommunication centres, control rooms and field cabinets across the world for a wide variety of applications.  These locations typically have ample space for mounting equipment with air conditioning and power. They also tend to be quite environment with low vibroacoustic background noise. However, geophysical research often presents a stark contrast, necessitating the deployment of DAS systems in remote and challenging locations devoid of basic amenities, extreme weather conditions, lacking mains electricity, and with scarce communication options. Consideration therefore needs to be given to attributes of DAS systems that facilitate easy field deployment while maintaining data integrity.
Presented will be details on the advantages of fully integrated small DAS sensing units that are light weight and require low power. These systems also need to operate in challenging environments with extreme temperatures and humidity, be sealed against dust and have high levels of immunity to environmental vibro-acoustic noise. Additionally, the logistics of transporting these systems to remote locations are considered, emphasizing features that streamline setup, such as automated configuration and fiber diagnostics, and the capability for remote operation over low-bandwidth connections, which is critical in long duration unmanned monitoring projects.
Whilst these features are important there must be no compromise in the performance characteristic of the DAS which should be optimised for the acquisition of low frequency small magnitude geophysical signals. The ability to perform at-the-edge processing is also considered so that the high volumes of data acquired by DAS can be reduced before the recording or transmission of data. Whilst in the field it is also important to ensure the data acquired and stored is quality assured. In addition to the sensing unit there may also be the requirement for additional equipment such as network attached storage and a field kit containing items such as spare patch leads, and connector inspection and cleaning equipment.
Looking forward, the evolution of DAS technology is anticipated to continue towards smaller, lighter, and more energy-efficient units without sacrificing performance, promising enhanced capabilities for geophysical research and beyond.
Shallow geothermal energy recovery and storage monitoring using Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing (DFOS) systems– UK Geoenergy Observatories, in Glasgow and Cheshire, UK
Authors: Chalari Athena , Spence Mike , Monaghan Alison
Published: May 2024

The transition to renewable energies requires adaptation of existing technologies and the development of new techniques. Geothermal energy could play an important part in the development of “green” energy industries for climate change mitigation and diversification of energy sources. Distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) solutions provide flexible, multi-parameter measurements for the exploration and exploitation of the full range of geothermal resources, from shallow borehole, ground source heat to hydrothermal geothermal projects and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The UK Geoenergy Observatories are new national facilities for research and innovation in shallow geothermal energy recovery and storage with field test sites in Cheshire and Glasgow, UK.  The Glasgow Observatory facilitates collaborative research to improve understanding of subsurface processes, environmental and induced change related to mine thermal energy storage (MTES). It provides scientific and engineering infrastructure for investigating the shallow, low-enthalpy geothermal energy and thermal storage resources available in abandoned and flooded coal mine workings which underly up to 25% of UK settlements. Borehole monitoring capability includes composite fibre-optic cables for distributed temperature and acoustic sensing (DTS & DAS) behind casing, for passive monitoring or for performing heat pulse tests in active mode, as well as ERT sensors for measuring geoelectrical properties in the wells and surrounding rock mass.  The Cheshire Observatory enables testing, monitoring and quantification of subsurface heat transfer processes, ground behaviour, thermogeology and hydrogeology, providing insights into sustainable operational management and maintenance requirements. The Cheshire Observatory comprises 20 instrumented boreholes drilled to 100m below ground level in the Chester Formation of the Sherwood Sandstone Group aquifer, with associated surface control, monitoring and data management systems. The installed fibre optic monitoring capability includes passive and active DTS, DAS and an advanced heat pulse controller serving multiple boreholes. Here we present an overview of the fibre optic sensing capability deployed at the Glasgow and Cheshire Observatories. Further information on the Glasgow and Cheshire Observatories is available online at: www.ukgeos.ac.uk. To discuss access or ideas for field experiments please contact BGS at:  ukgeosenquiries@bgs.ac.uk
Closing the Ocean Data Gap by combined fibre-optics, SMART cable sensing and novel data management strategies.
Authors: Cotton Fabrice , Krawczyk Charlotte , Tilmann Frederik , Wallace Laura , team the SAFATOR
Published: May 2024

SAFAtor is planned as a major infrastructure project (30 millions Euros) of the German Helmholtz Association which aims at effectively closing the observational gap in the continental shelf, slope, and deep oceans by using new cable technologies.  SAFAtor (SMART Cables And Fiber-optic Sensing Amphibious Demonstrator) will have three main outcomes: 1) SAFAtor will establish DAS permanent offshore monitoring at three existing Plate Boundary Observatories located in coastal areas (Northern Chile, the Marmara Sea and Etna volcano, see the presentation of Krawczyk et al.). This integration will build on outcomes from the European SUBMERSE project (to finish in 2026) and will enable unprecedented monitoring of tectonic and volcanic events (landslides, observation of the preparation phase of strong earthquakes on submarine faults close to the coast, new early warning systems for earthquakes and tsunamis, and submarine volcanic processes).  2) SAFAtor will provide a working demonstrator by equipping a submarine telecommunication cable with robust sensor technology packages to measure temperature, absolute pressure and ground acceleration on the sea floor. The location of the demonstrator cable will be discussed with the international community and chosen to maximize scientific exploitation. 3) SAFAtor will finally develop a FAIR infrastructure necessary to process, archive and distribute these new DAS and cable data, and enable the global user community to select and process the data services in a user-friendly and interoperable way. The development of these novel DAS data management strategies has already started (EU project GeoInquire https://www.geo-inquire.eu). This new data infrastructure will be integrated into national German data services (Helmholtz Data-Hub, NFDI4Earth) and contribute to European data infrastructures (e.g., EPOS, EMSO, Copernicus Marine Services). Such new infrastructure and data services have the potential to profoundly change geohazards warning systems, ocean and marine life observations and revolutionize the development of models used to analyze and predict climate change and the variability of ocean currents.
Monitoring changes in subsurface seismic properties caused by heavy rains with a roadside DAS by targeted interferometry
Authors: Biondi Biondo , Yuan Siyuan
Published: May 2024

Many cities worldwide are threatened by flooding and sea level rise because of climate change. Early detection of potential threats is essential for safeguarding human lives and housing, as well as critical infrastructures. Continuous monitoring of the subsurface by analysis of surface waves recorded by roadside DAS systems that exploit preexisting telecommunication fibers can provide useful information at a low cost. In urban areas, vehicles transiting on city streets generate large amounts of broad-band (2-25 Hz) surface waves that propagate in the subsurface and can be readily used for continuous monitoring. We designed and successfully tested a targeted interferometry workflow capable of generating high signal-to-noise (SNR) virtual source gathers.
 
The first step in our workflow is to identify the path of vehicles transiting on roads close to the fiber cable. That can be accomplished by following the low-frequency strain signal caused by the quasi-static elastic deformation of the ground. The path is tracked using an algorithm based on Kalman filters. Because long and heavy vehicles generate lower frequency surface waves, we could also perform space deconvolution of the quasi-static signal to estimate the vehicle length and number of axels to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at low frequencies. The second step is to perform targeted seismic interferometry in the time-space windows where the surface waves generated by the tracked vehicles are strongest. We found that about two hundred vehicles were sufficient to synthesize high SNR virtual source gathers. The temporal resolution of the measurements is thus of the order of hours, depending on traffic intensity and the SNR required by the specific monitoring application. We used the virtual gathers to generate phase and group velocity profiles. We also measured the amplitude decay as a function of offsets and frequencies to estimate surface-wave attenuations. The analysis of DAS data continuously recorded before, during, and after the heavy rains in California during the 2022-23 winter showed that seismic velocities decreased and attenuation increased as the rains saturated the ground, and they rebounded as the ground dried up. The reliability and high spatial-resolution of the measurements (order of tenth of meters) also enabled us to observe the difference in the seismic response between paved and lawn areas.
Investigating Volcanic tremor, Explosions and Pyroclastic Flows with Fibre-Optic Sensing at Stromboli Volcano (Italy)
Authors: Biagioli Francesco , Métaxian Jean-Philippe , Ripepe Maurizio , Stutzmann Eléonore , Bernard Pascal , Lacanna Giorgio , Risica Gilda , Trabattoni Alister , Capdeville Yann , Mangeney Anne , Monteiller Vadim , Diana Gianluca , Innocenti Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

Continuous seismic monitoring of volcanoes is challenging due to harsh environments and associated hazards. However, investigating volcanic phenomena near their sources is essential for eruption forecasting. In seismo-volcanic applications, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) offers new possibilities for long-duration surveys. 
We analyse DAS strain rate signals generated by volcanic tremor, explosions and pyroclastic flows at Stromboli volcano (Italy) recorded along 4 km of a dedicated fibre-optic cable installed between 2020 and 2022. We buried the fibre-optic cable at a depth of 30 cm and designed the layout geometry to provide broad coverage on the active craters. We compared DAS recordings with the data provided by the monitoring network of the University of Firenze (Italy) comprising broadband seismic stations, tiltmeters, infrasonic sensors, tsunami gauges and visible and thermal cameras. We also installed nodal seismometers along the fibre to calibrate the recordings together with an innovative optical strainmeter.
The inversion of time delays between DAS strain rate waveforms provides back-azimuths indicating a dominant and persistent seismic source in the proximity of active craters during tremor and explosions. We analysed two pyroclastic flows of varying intensity that occurred in October and December 2022. The two flows propagated from the craters to the shore, generating centimetre-scale tsunami waves. The back-azimuths estimated with the DAS array enabled us to track the downslope movement of the seismic source with a timing consistent with what is observed with monitoring cameras and with seismic and infrasonic observations. These results demonstrate the potential of DAS in monitoring volcanic areas.
Coherence-based methods for early data exploration of DAS data
Authors: Grimm Julius , Poli Piero
Published: May 2024

Due to its dense spatial sampling of the wavefield, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) holds appeal for various applications in seismology. However, it produces large and complex datasets that are practically unfeasible to analyze manually. Additionally, we often lack prior knowledge of expected signals and their source distribution. This leads to the necessity of new processing tools, particularly for early data exploration. To address this challenge, we leverage signal coherence to detect and characterize seismic sources recorded by DAS. We segment the dataset into short time windows and compute the coherence matrix for each window at all frequencies, followed by averaging across different frequency bands of interest. Subsequently, we employ non-negative matrix factorization to isolate sources and retrieve their time-dependent coefficients. The resulting features display locally well-defined regions of elevated coherence. Different frequency bands can be analyzed simultaneously, which helps discriminate between signals originating from similar locations. Additionally, there is no need to make any assumptions about the data prior to applying the processing workflow. We apply this methodology to an urban DAS dataset, demonstrating its capability to detect coherent signals in complex settings. Notably, one feature reveals stable and repetitive sources of surface waves suitable for time-lapse monitoring of the subsurface. This makes our approach particularly interesting for applications of seismic interferometry, where understanding source distribution is crucial. We further demonstrate the value of coherence-based methods by applying them to a volcano dataset. Eigendecomposition of coherence matrices enables the detection and characterization of various volcanic signals such as explosions, earthquakes, and tremor pulses.
Secondary microseism event characterisation offshore Catania using DAS Data
Authors: Vijayan Athira , Le Pape Florian , Bean Christopher J. , Murphy Shane , Ker Stéphan , Jousset Philippe , Riccobene Giorgio , Viola Salvo , Gutscher Marc-andré , Currenti Gilda , Aurnia Salvo , Pulvirenti Sara
Published: May 2024

The continuous Earth ground vibrations known as microseisms that are produced by wind driven surface gravity waves dominate the seismic noise spectrum and are closely tied to storm activity. Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology exploits the backscattering properties of fibre optic cables to acquire strain rate data which represent high-fidelity measurements of acoustic and seismic waveforms. It enables acquisition over large distances of cables acting as a densely distributed arrays for acoustic and seismic data collection on the seafloor. In particular, being sensitive to both wind waves and microseisms at the same time, DAS has shown great potential for further understanding of ocean secondary microseisms that are generated due to the head-on collision of opposing wind wave systems of same period. DAS provides new ways of studying with high resolution the microseisms’ fingerprint at the seafloor and connect deep ocean microseisms events with land observations.Here, five days of DAS data collected in October 2020 along a circa 29km long section of the fibre optic cable of the INFN-LNS subsea infrastructure, offshore Catania, Sicily in parallel to the FOCUS-ERC project was analysed to investigate the microseisms in the area. We focus on the study of a major secondary microseism event associated with high winds moving over Sicily, crossing the Mediterranean Sea from NW to SE. The spatiotemporal variations of the microseism energy are correlated with the local sea state variations in the area, confirming the influence of local weather conditions on microseisms generation. Whereas ocean wave model data highlight a dominant secondary microseism source located SE of Sicily, the F-K analysis shows that the associated seismic noise recorded with the DAS is propagating both in the landward and seaward directions, suggesting the potential presence of 3D path effects affecting the microseism wavefield. Finally, the DAS data is compared with nearby land broadband seismic stations to study its sensitivity and to assess the amount of microseism energy transmitted to land.