bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of the newly prepared 1,2-benzo- isothiazol-3(2H)-dithiocarbamate (BIT-DTC) ligand
Authors: F. Alshdoukhi Ibtehaj , S.M.O. Al-barwari Alyaa , Mohammed Aziz Nazk , Khalil Thaaer , S. Faihan Ahmed , A. Al-Jibori Subhi , S. Al-Janabi Ahmed
Published: May 2024

In the current work, we report the synthesis and characterization of new dithiocarbamate complexes derived from 1,2-benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BitH). The ligand was synthesized by treating the BitH with carbon disulfide in a basic solution. The NMR technique confirmed the preparation of the ligand. The treatment of the Bit-dtcNa with the metal salt’s solution afforded the complexes of the type [M(Bit-dtc)2]; M = Zn, Cd, Hg, Pd, and Pt. The complexes were characterized via FT-IR and 1H-NMR techniques. The Zn, Pd, and Pt complexes were investigated theoretically, and some of their quantum properties were determined. These parameters include HOMO-LUMO energies, electron affinity, ionization potential, chemical hardness, dipole moment and the total energies of the optimized structures. Moreover, the surface structure of Zn and Hg complexes were investigated by SEM and XRD techniques. The SEM pattern showed a cubic structures for the Zn complex while the Hg complex appeared as a nano rods structure. The calculated average particle sizes for Zn and Hg complexes were 23 and 26 nm, respectively.
KEY WORDS: Dithiocarbamate, 1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3(2H)-one, DFT, SEM, XRD
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(3), 889-899.                                                          
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.6
Enhancement of deposition rate by accelerators employing D-Mannitol as complexing agent
Authors: Jothilakshmi S. , Rekha S. , Vijayakumar B.
Published: May 2024

Copper possesses better conductivity which makes it an ideal plating choice for the electronics and semiconductor industries. Copper electroless plating can be carried easily on non-conductors like plastics, ceramics, fabrics, glasses etc. One of the limitations of electroless plating is its very low plating rate, which is further reduced by the addition of stabilizers which is quite essential for the plating process. A stabilizer improves stability of bath and deposit qualities, but slows down the plating rate. The current study focuses on the enhancement of plating rate by the addition of accelerators in eco-friendly      copper methane sulphonate bath. It is observed that accelerators like guanidine hydrochloride and 2,6-diaminopyridine improves the rate of deposition with good deposit quality. It was studied with weight gain method and analyzed with tafel polarization studies. The surface of the deposit was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electrode microscope (SEM).
KEY WORDS: Copper, Methane sulphonic acid, Accelerators, Guanidine hydrochloride, 2,6- Diaminopyridine
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 901-908.                                                        
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.7
Survey of plant species used in the treatment of common ailments in Hawul Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Madu A.H. , Ajibade G.A , Yilwa V.M. , Mato I.B , Jibril S.M. , Garba B.B , Nura M.
Published: May 2024

To record the locals' knowledge of some of the medicinal plant species in the area, a survey of plant species used for the treatment of common ailments was carried out in Hawul Local Government Area Borno State. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Numerous quantitative indices, including Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), Shannon Weiner Index, Simpson Index, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Family Importance Value (FIV), were used to quantify the advantages, significance, and coverage of ethnomedicine. The Jaccard Index (JI) was used to assess the degree of homogeneity between the current study and earlier research as well as within indigenous tribes. A total of fifty-five (55) medicinal plants species, which were distributed under twenty-nine (29) families were documented from one hundred (100) informants. The majority of species that have been identified are tree species, and the most common plant portion used to make ethnomedicines is leaf material. The Fabaceae were the predominate families among the species that had been documented (11 species) Accacia nilotica, Piliostigma thonningii, Detarium microcarpum, Faidherbia albida, Sennia siamea, Prosopis Africana, Parkia baglobosa, Tamarindus indica, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Senna occidentalist, Senna obtusifolia, while the least represented was (1 species) Apocynacea. For digestive system problems, the highest ICF score was 0.77. According to the data gathered from the questionnaires, pile, yellow fever, malaria, typhoid, stomach ache, and ulcer were the most prevalent diseases, in that order. Based on UVs, the two most commonly cited ethnomedicinal plant species in the study area were Khaya senegalensis (0.40), Piliostigma thonningii (0.35) while the least was (0.01) Guinea senegalensis. The most common method of preparation was by decoction and the major route of administration was oral while least cited was sit bath. Phytochemical profiles demonstrated that flavonoids, alkaloids phenols, saponins and tannins were the major phytochemical component in Khaya. senegalensis and Piliostigma. thonningii leaves. This further justifies the frequent application of these plants in folklore medicine by the traditional herbal practitioners to treat different forms of illnesses. It is stated that due to their physiologically active ingredients and accessibility, herbal medicine will continue to play a significant role in the community's health care delivery system.
Design and analysis of 1.0 KVA grid-connected micro-grid PV-Systems for a residential setting in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Onyeka Emegha Joseph
Published: May 2024

The design and analysis of the 1.0 KVA solar systems was based on a thorough load assessment, precise calculation of required solar panel quantity, proper battery selection and appropriate inverter sizing. The purchase included a high-quality complete solar panel with an impressive rating of 180 W, along with two dependable 200 Ah solar batteries, a reliable 800 W inverter and a durable charge controller. These elements were meticulously put together with essential protective mechanisms such as cut out switches to ensure optimal performance and safety standards for the anticipated power output of 1.0 KVA. To optimize sun exposure for efficient energy collection, the strategic installation of the solar power consist of 6 x 180 W solar panel,2 x 200Ah battery connected in parallel and 1.0 KVA power inverter. Based on the design analysis, this well-planned setup is expected to effectively fulfill all electrical requirements even in situations without access to central power supply, presenting itself as a dependable and sustainable solution for off-grid or unreliable power scenarios.
Assessment of visual and blood-related parameters among children with sickle cell anaemia at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital in Kano, Nigeria.
Authors: Kurawa M.I. , Abubakar T.A.
Published: May 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent genetic disease worldwide and particularly in Nigeria. Retinopathy is a known complication of SCD, underscoring the need to assess visual parameters in children. This study aimed to evaluate the visual acuity (VA), color vision (CV), packed cell volume (PCV), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of Sickle cell anemic (SCA) patients attending the Sickle cell counseling unit of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) in Kano. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study consisting of 60 participants, including 30 SCA patients and 30 healthy controls without systemic or ocular diseases, aged between 8 and 14 years. Visual acuity, CV, PCV, and ESR were assessed using Snellen Chart, Ishihara chart, Hematocrit test, and Westergren Method respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Both SCA patients and controls demonstrated limited knowledge about VA, CV, and ESR tests, and a significant percentage had never undergone these tests. SCA patients exhibited mild to moderate visual impairment (VI) in both eyes, while controls had no VI. Abnormally low PCV and ESR values were observed in all SCA patients, whereas controls had normal values. Gender differences were observed in ESR levels, with females showing higher levels. Significant differences were found between controls and SCA patients in terms of VA, ESR, and PCV values. There was a general lack of awareness regarding the importance of VA and CV tests in the community. Visual impairment and abnormal PCV and ESR values were exclusive to the SCA patients, indicating their association with the disease.
Screening of some commonly cultivated tomato varieties against Fusarium wilt in Jama’are, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Sultan Z. , Kutama A. S. , Chadi M.
Published: May 2024

Fusarium wilt disease of tomato is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and is a limiting factor to tomato production in Nigeria. This research was conducted to assess the effect of Fusarium oxysporum on some tomato varieties cultivated in Jama’are, Bauchi state. The objectives of this research work were to isolate and identify pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) from the soil, to determine the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt on different varieties of Tomato grown in Jama’are, and to determine the most resistance variety among four different varieties. The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The four tomato varieties (Roma Savanna, Rio Grande, UC82B and Tropimech) were inoculated at the root region by making shallow groove around the base of the plant in the root region and placing 3 g mycelia plug of 7 days old pure culture of F. oxysporum face-down close to the root of the seedling and covered with soil. At two weeks intervals after treatments the seedlings were then observed for symptoms of wilt infection. Data on disease incidence (%), were collected based on observation after which they were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. The Disease Incidence Percentage for Roma Savanna, Rio Grande, UC28B and Tropimech were evaluated to be 51.6%, 18.2 %,38.4 % and 43.3 % respectively while the Disease Severity Percentage were 72.1%, 24.8%, 40.9% and 62.3% respectively. The findings of this research reveals that; there is a significant effect of F. oxysporum on the tomato varieties, all the varieties were severely infected to some degree, and that of all species, Roma savanna was moderately resistant to F. oxysporum to some degree. This agrees with other findings in the literature, as Fusarium oxysporum affects different varieties of tomato at different growth stages. Also, it was observed that screening excises involving selecting of non-infected seedlings with Fusarium species and other fungi should be done prior to transplanting.
Impact of diabetes on visual acuity and its association with blood glucose levels in diabetic patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Kurawa M.I. , Sadiq U.G.
Published: May 2024

Diabetic retinopathy is a known complication of Diabetes, underscoring the need for regular eye examinations and glycemic control. The aim of the study was to assess visual acuity (VA), and Fasting blood glucose (FBG) among diabetic patients at Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano. It was a cross-sectional observational study consisting of 60 participants; 30 Diabetic patients & 30 non-diabetic patients (controls), aged 30-60 years. Data was collected using questionnaire and FBG measured using glucometer. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, considering a p-value of <0.05 as statistically significant. Majority of the participants were aged 51-60, with most diabetics having the disease for 1-10 years. Diabetic patients exhibited severe visual impairment (VI) in both eyes, followed by moderate VI, contrasting with controls who mostly had normal VA. Significant differences were noted between controls and diabetics in terms of duration of diabetes (DOD), VA, and FBG, but not age. While no significant gender differences were found in age, VA, or DOD within diabetic and control groups. Female diabetics had slightly higher FBG levels than males. Also, a significant relationship was observed between DOD and VI in the right eye of diabetic patients. In conclusion, this study reveals that diabetic patients had a higher frequency and more severe VI compared to controls, with significantly elevated FBG. No significant differences in age, DOD, VA, or FBG levels between genders in both groups. However, the severity of VI increased with DOD in the right eye. This emphasizes the importance of regular eye examinations and improved glycemic control to minimize the risk of VI in diabetics.
Screening and Chromatographic identification of the phytochemicals in the Powdered leaves of Urena lobata L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Odion Emmanuel E. , Ambe Daniel A. , Odiete Eravweroso C. , Aigbogun Linda C.
Published: May 2024

Urena lobata is a widely distributed tropical and subtropical weed with varying pharmacological activities, ascribed to the presence of bioactive principles in the plant. This study aimed to identify phytochemicals in the powdered leaves of Urena lobata using two chromatographic techniques. Phytochemical screening was evaluated for the powdered leaves using standard methods, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were utilized to determined the phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of the leaves. Results obtained indicate that alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids were detected in the methanolic extract of the leaves. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 4-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)benzaldehyde, pyridine, 9-octadecenamide, 2-amino-5-chlorophenyl phosphonic acid, 2-propenenitrile, 2,1-benzisoxazole-4-carboxlic acid, 1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one, pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-pyrazoline, 4-aminobenzoic acid, 3-nitrophthalhydrazide, 2,4 (1H, 5H)-imidazoldione and bromophos-ethyl, semicarbazide. While the HPLC analysis for selected alkaloids detected imidazole and pyrazoline alkaloidal moieties from the extract. Owing to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that phytochemicals of important pharmacological potentials were detected in the methanolic extract of Urena lobata leaves.
Comparison of trans-vaginal ultrasound cervical length measurement and Bishop score in predicting successful labour induction in term pregnancies at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria
Authors: Usman Mohammed , Sulayman Umar Hajaratu , Iliyasu Abbas , Igashi Joseph B
Published: May 2024

The goal of induction of labour (IOL) is to achieve successful vaginal delivery and reduce caesarean section (CS). The gold standard method for assessing cervical status has been the use of the Bishop score (BS) which is not flawless leading to unnecessary intervention. Trans-vaginal ultrasound cervical length (CL) measurement has been compared with BS in predicting successful IOL. The objective of this study was to compare CL and BS in predicting successful IOL at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital. It was a cross sectional comparative study design conducted among pregnant women at 37-42 weeks of gestation slated for IOL between November 2017 to November 2018. Eighty-seven (87) women were recruited as participants. Each participant, had a trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVS) CL measured and each was followed by a digital cervical assessment using BS. Relevant data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23. The significance level was considered at P< 0.05 IOL was successful in 66.2% (47) of the participants, while 15% (13) had CS. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrated a better performance of the BS (AUC= 0.556, P= 0.433, CI= 0.426-0.673, PPV=52.8%) in predicting successful IOL than the TVS-CL measurement (AUC= 0.446, P=0.391, CI= 0.317-0.574) PPV=60.2%). Results further showed that the best cut off values for favourability for IOL for TVS-CL and BS were ≤2.5 cm and ≥5 respectively. The most important component of the BS predictive of successful IOL was cervical dilatation (OR= 0.603, P=0.011). TVS-CL did not demonstrate a diagnostic accuracy in predicting successful IOL in term pregnancies compared to BS.
Submental intubation in patients with maxillofacial fractures: case report and literature review
Authors: Y. A Boateng , E Mensah , G.K.D Ketemepi , M Alhassan , M Yeboah-Agyapong
Published: May 2024

Background: Conventional orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation can be challenging in patients requiring fixation of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton. The proximity of the surgical site for maxillofacial procedures to the airway predisposes patients with maxillofacial pathologies to anaesthetic complications like dislodged endotracheal (ET) tubes and inadvertent extubation. The need for maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) as part of fracture management precludes the use of orotracheal intubation. In patients with nasal bone fractures, nasotracheal intubation may not be feasible, and the complications associated with tracheostomy make it a last resort for securing access to the airway. The purpose of this article is to highlight the usefulness of submental intubation in the management of patients with maxillofacial fractures.Case presentation: We present our initial experience with the submental route of intubation and illustrate the procedure with a case of a patient with midface fractures successfully managed using submental intubation. A literature review of alternative airway routes to conventional orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation is also included.Discussion: Edentulous spaces, retromolar intubation, submental intubation, submandibular intubation, and tracheostomy have been used as alternatives to conventional endotracheal intubation. Each route has its associated advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.The submental approach is fast, easy to learn, and associated with minimal complications.Conclusion:Submental intubation is a safe option for airway management in patients with maxillofacial fractures.
Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible: a case report
Authors: J. R Adjei , P. B Frimpong , A. O Nsiah , B Gyau-Darko , N. O Narty
Published: May 2024

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the salivary glands. It usually occurs in the parotid glands. Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma is rare, making up 2-3% of all mucoepidermoid carcinoma. They usually affect the mandible, with the common clinical presentation being jaw swelling. We report a case of a primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 48-year-old African male, who was managed surgically by left hemimandibulectomy, on account of a provisional diagnosis of ameloblastoma.
Online Streaming: A Paradigm Shift for Nollywood Movie Distribution
Authors: Odedina Joe
Published: May 2024

The Nigerian movie distribution and exhibition business has undergone major transformation in the last few years due to technological  innovation. The study is about Nollywood paradigm shift from hard copy movie distribution to online streaming services. The aim is to  ascertain why producers are moving to soft screening through online pay-to-view platforms. The objectives were to find out if this new  trend is financially beneficial to the producers and whether it will likely continue in the future. The study adopted qualitative methods to  interrogate existing data on some of the most popular Nollywood films released online by Netflix. This is based on a snap-shot of  Netflix’s popularity chart in the month of October, 2020 and news of cinema theatre films release around the same period. The findings  are that the online distribution deals must have been profitable for the producers, judging by repeated use by some of them and others  enlisting in the business. The expanding scope of Nollywood producers using these online streaming platforms for distributions of their work suggests the likelihood of a continuing process. The study concludes that this is a mutually beneficial relationship between local  producers and online business global entities. It, therefore, recommends that Nollywood producers avoid signing exclusive deals with  online distributors only. This will allow home-grown cinema theatres to be financially rewarding to prevent the nation’s cinema theatre  chains from collapsing due to redundancy.
The Effect of School Labelling on Student Academic Performance at Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania
Authors: Gervas Imelda , Lweyemamu Deus
Published: May 2024

This article investigated the effect of school labels such as private schools, special schools, and government schools on student academic performance at Morogoro municipality in Tanzania. It adopted a case study design and the sample size was drawn using purposive and  simple random sampling techniques where a total of 20 respondents from the study area were involved in the study. The study adopted  the mixed method research, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The questionnaire was used to collect requisite information  for students and quantitative data were analysed by using descriptive statistics to determine frequency and percentage whereas  qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Concerning the specific objectives of this study, it was revealed that the issue of  performance-related pay was reported to be more implemented in special, seminary, and private schools than in public schools. In this  system, teachers are paid an extra amount of money when they perform superior. The system does not often apply in public schools.  Even when applied in public schools, there is full subjectivity to obtain the superior performer. Based on these findings, the study  recommended that school administrators, especially in government secondary schools should ensure proper teacher motivational  packages and that their schools have enough desks and chairs both in the classrooms and libraries. These items should frequently be  checked for damage and whenever possible replaced.
'Through the Flower': On Audre Lorde and Intersectionality
Authors: Ghanta Shreeja
Published: May 2024

The article aims to explore the origins of intersectionality through thelegacy of Lorde's feminism and her radical thinking. The concept ofintersectionality has taken on a complex position in feminist scholarshipover the past decade. Many scholars have also considered thecontributions of Audre Lorde to the discussions around intersectionality.It draws parallels between her ideas and it shows how her ideas areinfluenced by both rebellious literary forms and political writing styles.Lorde's radical feminist works have often been regarded as both areflection of identity politics and a shift in situational perception.Intersectionality is in addition said to be a movement that is trying toreclaim the ideas of identity politics and develop new ways to understandthe decentred structures of power. The article uses historicocritical andanalytical approaches to argue that the oeuvre of Lorde's feminismprovides a new perspective on the subject. In her works, Lorde describesa world that is definable only in terms of its relational terms, a world thatis torn apart by the divisions between race, class, sexuality, and gender.She also describes a world that is capable of being understood onlythrough its destructive divisions. The world that she is talking about is aplace that needs to be changed through a process of transformation. Thisworld is also a place where history has been made through the multiplemovements and revolutions that have occurred in it. These are thecontours that define the complex ground that third world feminist politicsare based on.
The Writer’s Art as a Reflection of Society: Exploring the Literariness in Wale Okediran’s Novels
Authors: Atere Isaac Ojo
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses one of the controversial issues in the literary domain: literariness. The literary artist is conscious of his social  responsibility to society as the image-maker and the voice of the voiceless. His art should not be subjected to ridicule. Literariness has  been given a colouration by text-oriented critics to mean a form of defamiliarization of text and meaning. This dimension sees the text  with specific features which must be inherent to authenticate its literariness. However, the conventionalist approach of the text with  emphasis on meaning and the readers-response, attempts to shape a more robust discussion on the subject of literariness. The method  adopted in this study is a textual-analytical approach of Wale Okediran’s Tenants of the House, Strange Encounters, Boys at the Border and   The Weaving Looms. The novels are comparatively discussed to demonstrate the literariness in them while attesting to the creative ingenuity of the author. The conclusion reached is that literariness in a literary work is subject to the fecundity of the text, the  consciousness of the critic; his ideological stance and mental deportments, and contextual factors enveloped around the text.
Effects Of Exogenous GnRH Stimulation On Testicular Spermatogenesis And Characteristics Of The West African Dwarf Buck
Authors: Oruene I.S. , Mutembei H.M. , Kipyegon A.N. , Rekwot P.I.
Published: May 2024

The testis in male domestic animals has two primary functions: spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, coordinated by testicular cells  under GnRH control. This study examined the features of the testes of the bucks of the West African dwarf breed to assess the effects of  additional GnRH-stimulated levels of FSH, LH, T, and estradiol from 3 to 12 months of age. Twelve 3-month-old bucks were divided in a  random manner into GnRH-treated (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. Monthly, bucks were weighed, their testicular diameter measured,  and two blood samples taken (n = 12) at a 1-hour interval to establish peripheral concentrations. The GnRH-treated group received 0.5μg/ kg of GnRH intramuscularly the next day, while the control group received saline subcutaneously. Blood samples were taken 1 and 2  hours later to establish GnRH-stimulated levels. At 12 months, bucks were castrated, and testes were weighed and prepared for histological analysis. Testes diameters showed no significant difference (p<0.05): 24.52±0.43 mm (GnRHtreated group) and 25.92±0.45  mm (control group). However, yearling testicular mass differed significantly (p<0.05): 41.50±5.80g (GnRH-treated group) and 38.80±7.58g  (control group). The number and make-up of seminiferous tubular cells (cells of Sertoli, germ cells in the form of spermatogonia,  developing into spermatocytes, further maturing into spermatids, and ultimately forming spermatozoa) indicated increased spermatogenesis in the GnRH-treated group. It is concluded that GnRH super-stimulation increased spermatozoa production in the West  African dwarf buck.
Evaluation Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Maternally Derived Antibody Decay Rate In Day Old Broilers From Different Hatcheries In Nigeria
Authors: Audu Moses , Ibu J.O. , Akwuobu C.A. , Ngbede E.O.
Published: May 2024

Infectious Bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease of young chicks, which is responsible for major economic losses in the  poultry industry worldwide, particularly for the last decades. This study utilized a cross-sectional approach to evaluate Infectious bursal  disease virus (IBDV) maternally derived antibody decay rate in day old chicks (D.O.C) obtained from different hatcheries in Nigeria. Of the  450 serum samples collected through random selection with replacement method, (i.e 90 samples from the 5 hatcheries designated  as farms A – E), it was observed that farm A at day 1 had mean Elisa titre of (4213 ± 366.66), farm B (2178.225 ± 292.477), farm C (1629.699  ± 229.2197), farm D (3452.609 ± 403.64.6469) and farm E (1651.789 ± 201.6811), these values were far above the protective (positive) level  of 875, recommended by IDvet manual with (S/P ratios of 0.350). This level was maintained, although, with minimal decays, up to day 7  for farms A, D and E but farm B and C did not exceed day 6 and day 5 respectively. Only farm D presented protective (positive) value that  lasted to day 13. The best fit for this decay rate was calculated to be Y = -2263In(x) + 3714 (week) with R2 = (0.903). From these studies we  could deduce that these farms were truly vaccinated or immunized as expected and they presented different antibody titres with variable  decay rates. It would have been a good idea to recommend that same vaccination schedule should not be applied indiscriminately to  broilers from these farms like other researchers have, but this would rather be to the detriment of many farmers who may not be  privileged to access the detailed information on which schedule is meant for which farm .We therefor recommend that broilers from  these hatcheries be vaccinated between day 7 to day 10 post hatch and a booster dose (if necessary) should be administered a week  after, with an intermediate plus strain vaccine type that has the capacity to penetrate through the MDA and induce humoral-immunity-in- thechicks.
Genetic Characterization of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and Production Constraints of Yam in Pwani Region and Unguja Island, Tanzania
Authors: Temu Gladness E , Mlegi Veneranda E , Luambano Nessie D
Published: May 2024

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a tuber crop cultivated in over 30% of all regions in Tanzania, contributing to the carbohydrate needs of many households. The morphological and genetic diversity of water yam (D. alata L.) local cultivars collected from Pwani region and Unguja Island were evaluated using 26 agro-morphological characters and 10 Short Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. Cluster analysis using morphological characters classified nine water yam local cultivars into two main clusters with three subclusters. Tuber flesh and leaf colour were the main descriptors for clustering. The genetic diversity of 128 water yam genotypes using ten polymorphic SSR markers generated a total of 40 alleles that ranged from 2 to 7 per SSR marker. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.3 to 0.9, with a mean of 0.56. Cluster analysis separated 128 yam genotypes into two main clusters with five subclusters. The findings revealed relatively high genetic diversity of D. alata in the study areas. A structured questionnaire revealed drought (29.3%) and lack of planting materials (23.3%) as the major constraints to yam production in the study areas. Information reported in this study is useful in improving, reviving and promoting yam through breeding and conservation programs.
The Effects of Algal Blooms on Oxygen Levels in Lakes Babati and Eyasi, Tanzania
Authors: Buriyo1 Amelia S. , Mganga Nyatwere D. , Melchiory Mary
Published: May 2024

Globally aquatic ecosystems are reportedly overwhelmed by algal blooms due to excessive deposition of nutrients which ultimately cause hypoxia, leading to massive fish death. This study aimed at assessing the relationship between algae contents and dissolved oxygen (DO) in Lake Babati which is threatened by anthropogenic activities, whereas Lake Eyasi was used as a control. Algae contents (chlorophyll a), DO and surface water temperature were measured using standard methods. Results revealed that the mean algae content was significantly higher (4.47±0.88 mg/L) in Lake Babati than in Lake Eyasi (1.6±0.45 mg/L) (P < 0.05) and was beyond the standard permissible levels for domestic water supply and healthy ecosystem. Conversely, DO was significantly lower in Lake Babati than in Lake Eyasi (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in water temperature in the two lakes (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between algae content and DO in Lakes Eyasi and Babati (r = -0.88 and r = -0.30, respectively) suggesting that algal bloom is partly responsible for lowering DO. Responsible authorities are advised to enforce management policies and regulations to control unsustainable activities around these lakes that contribute to nutrient loading resulting into overgrowth of algae.
THIẾT KẾ VÀ TÍNH TOÁN TỐI ƯU HỆ THỐNG PHẢN HỒI LỰC 3 CHIỀU DÙNG PHANH CHẤT LƯU TỪ BIẾN
Authors: DIỆP BẢO TRÍ*  , VŨ VĂN BỘ  , NGUYỄN QUỐC HƯNG
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu của nguyên cứu này là thiết kế và đánh giá khả năng phản hồi của cần điều khiển 3D phản hồi lực sử dụng ba phanh MRF (Magnetorheological fluid) thông qua cơ cấu khung xoay. Sau khi tổng hợp các nguyên cứu có liên quan về hệ thống phản hồi lực sử dụng lưu chất MRF, một cấu hình của cần điều khiển 3D phản hồi lực là được đề xuất trong nghiên cứu này. Cấu hình của cần điều khiển 3D phản hồi lực bao gồm ba phanh MRF được kết hợp vuông góc với nhau thông qua cơ chế khung xoay 3 chiều để tạo ra lực phản hồi cho từng chuyển động theo các phương  X,Y, Z. Sau đó, tác giả đi thiết kế mô hình phanh  MRF cho hệ phản hồi lực 3D đã được đề xuất dựa trên mô hình dẻo Bingham và phương pháp phần tử hữu hạn. Để giảm khối lượng cũng như là chi phí chế tạo cho các phanh MRF, bài toán tối ưu hóa đơn mục tiêu cho phanh MRF được thực hiện bằng phương pháp PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). Trên cơ sở các kết quả tối ưu như thông số hình học tối ưu của MRB để thiết kế mô hình cần điều khiển 3D phản hồi lực và chế tạo rồi sau đó tiến hành thực nghiệm để kiểm tra lực phản hồi. Từ đó, nghiên cứu này sẽ mở ra cho việc nghiên cứu phản hồi lực trong lĩnh vực điều khiển từ xa cụ thể có thể áp dụng cho hệ thống Master – Slave sau này.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CÁC THÔNG SỐ KỸ THUẬT CỦA BÊ TÔNG ĐẾN QUÁ TRÌNH ĂN MÒN CỐT THÉP
Authors: TRẦN VIỆT PHƯƠNG ĐÔNG*  , NGUYỄN BÁ PHÚ
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là đánh giá các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tốc độ ăn mòn của cốt thép. Các yếu tố khảo sát trong nghiên cứu gồm: các thông số kỹ thuật của bê tông, thời gian tiếp xúc với môi trường xâm thực, và chiều dày lớp bê tông bảo vệ cốt thép. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra tốc độ ăn mòn giảm khi độ đặc chắc của lớp bê tông bao phủ cốt thép tăng. Độ đặc chắc của lớp bê tông nền tăng khi bê tông có tỷ số nước trên chất kết dính thấp và có sử dụng tro bay trong thành phần chế tạo bê tông. Bên cạnh đó, giá trị đo đạc tốc độ ăn mòn cốt thép tăng ở những mẫu có chiều dày lớp bê tông bảo vệ thấp và những mẫu có thời gian tiếp xúc môi trường ăn mòn lâu dài.
NGHIÊN CỨU GIA CỐ ĐẤT TẠI CHỖ LÀM ĐƯỜNG GIAO THÔNG NÔNG THÔN HUYỆN CỦ CHI, THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: LÊ TÂN
Published: May 2024

Hiện nay, nguồn vật liệu tự nhiên đáp ứng yêu cầu kỹ thuật trong xây dựng đường ô tô đang ngày càng cạn kiệt, đây cũng là nguyên nhân góp phần làm tăng giá thành xây lắp và ảnh hưởng không nhỏ đến tiến độ thi công công trình. Vì vậy, nghiên cứu sử dụng vật liệu tại chỗ thay thế nguồn vật liệu thiên nhiên truyền thống như: cấp phối sỏi ong, cấp phối sỏi đỏ,…trong xây dựng kết cấu áo đường trở nên thiết thực và cấp bách hơn bao giờ hết. Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu gia cố đất với xi măng tro bay tại huyện Củ Chi, thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, với các thông số kỹ thuật hết sức khả quan (mô đun đàn hồi, cường độ chịu nén, cường độ ép chẻ), trong đó nổi bật là giá trị mô đun đàn hồi của đất gia cố sau 28 ngày tuổi đều đạt và vượt mô đun đàn hồi yêu cầu trong tiêu chuẩn TCVN 10379-2014 [2] là 400 MPa. Cụ thể, mẫu đất gia cố 6% xi măng tro bay có mô đun đàn hồi đạt giá trị từ 832-880 MPa, mẫu đất gia cố 8% xi măng tro bay có mô đun đàn hồi đạt giá trị từ 986-1094 MPa, mẫu đất gia cố 10%  xi măng tro bay có mô đun đàn hồi đạt giá trị từ 1188-1281 MPa. Đồng thời mẫu đất gia cố xi măng tro bay cũng có mô đun đàn hồi vượt trội so với cấp phối thiên nhiên (E=150-200 MPa) được qui định trong tiêu chuẩn 22TCN 211-2006 [7].
Yeni Medyada Yapay Zekâ Aracılığıyla Dezenformasyon Oluşturulması: Trump Örneği
Authors: Bekar Serhat
Published: May 2024

Kullanılmaya başlandığı yıllarda internetten yalnızca görsel ya da yazılı materyal temini gibi sınırlı alanlarda yararlanılabilirken, yıllar içinde yaşanan gelişmeler sonucunda çok daha çeşitli şekillerde yararlanma imkânı doğmuştur. Kitle iletişiminde en önemli araç hâline gelen internet ortamında, üretilen bilginin hacmi devasa boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Kitle iletişim araçlarındaki gelişmeler, bilgi üretimi ve paylaşımını artırırken; diğer taraftan yanlış ve manipülatif bilginin üretilmesi ve paylaşılması dezenformasyona (bilgi çarpıtma) neden olabilmektedir. Teknolojideki gelişmelerin öne çıkan icatlarından biri olan yapay zekâ, hemen her alanda olduğu gibi bilgi ve enformasyon teknolojilerinde de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Fakat yapay zekânın, dezenformasyona neden olabilecek doğru olmayan içeriklerin üretilmesi ve paylaşılmasında kullanımıyla sıklıkla karşılaşılmaya başlanmıştır. Çalışmada yapay zekânın, kullanıldığı içeriklerin hangi düzeyde olabileceği ile gerçek ve yapaylığın ayırt edilmesi noktasında nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Yapay zekâ ile yaratılan dezenformasyonun önemli örneklerinden birisi olarak dünya gündemini çok fazla meşgul eden Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) eski Başkanı Donald Trump üzerinden X gönderileri incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yapay zekâ ile oluşturulan görsellerin gerçeğe olabildiğince yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Fakat görseller daha detaylı incelendiğinde ise yüz ve ellerde bozuk formlar, soluk tenler, belli belirsiz yazılar ve kamu kurumları bilgilerindeki tutarsızlıklar vb. dikkati çeken unsurlar olmuştur. Sonuç olarak çalışmada yapay zekânın çok iyi çalışmadığı görülmektedir. Fakat yapay zekânın öğrenen yapısı ile birlikte, eksik yönlerini tamamlayarak ortaya gerçeğe yakın bir performans çıkarmasının çok uzak görülmediği değerlendirilmektedir.
Kulturbesitz: Konflikte um archäologische Objekte in der deutsch-osmanischen Politik 1898-1918
Authors: Willert Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Wie deutsche Archäologen Altertümer aus dem Osmanischen Reich nach Preußen brachten - und damit diplomatische Krisen auslösten. Im internationalen Wettstreit um die Aneignung archäologischer Funde entwickelte sich Preußen im 19. Jahrhundert zu einem wichtigen globalen Akteur. Gleichzeitig intensivierte Berlin seine Aktivitäten im Osmanischen Reich. Neben Grabungsobjekten brachten deutsche Archäologen ganze Architekturfragmente aus dem von Istanbul regierten Gebiet nach Preußen - auch mithilfe von Diplomaten und der Einflussnahme des Kaisers Wilhelm II. Die Osmanen wiederum versuchten durch Gesetzgebungen, den Zugang zu ihren antiken Stätten zu regulieren. Sebastian Willert widmet sich in seiner Studie Akteuren, Abkommen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Aneignung archäologischer Objekte und islamischer Kunst. Er untersucht, welche politischen Auswirkungen der Transfer von Altertümern hatte, und deckt anhand konkreter Beispiele bisher unbekannte Vorgänge, Verhandlungsstränge und Akteursnetzwerke auf. Auf Basis umfassenden Materials aus deutschen und türkischen Archiven analysiert Willert, inwiefern die »Erbeutung« von Kulturgut diplomatische Krisen zwischen Istanbul und Berlin auslöste. Preußen und dem Osmanischen Reich ging es nicht zuletzt darum, mithilfe der Archäologie den eigenen imperialen Machtanspruch zu demonstrieren.
distribution rule for allocation problems with priority agents using the least square method
Authors: Macías Ponce Julio César , Giles Flores Arturo Enrique , Delgadillo Alemán Sandra Elizabeth , Kú Carrillo Roberto Alejandro , Rodríguez Esparza Luz Judith
Published: May 2024

We use the least-squares method for inconsistent systems to find a new allocation rule for rationing and surplus problems. In particular, we study allocation problems considering different priorities to satisfy the agents’ demands, which influence how the distribution is carried out. The new distribution rule is proposed by choosing different inner products defined in linear algebra and providing explicit formulas for assigning resources to the agents. Moreover, we illustrate how it can recover different allocation rules by adequately defining the priorities. As an application of the rationing problem with priority agents, we consider real data for allocating police officers in the states of Mexico. In this example, the agents represent the states of Mexico, and their priorities were established based on the criminal incidence. Also, we compute and compare the resource distribution given by classic allocation rules and the percentage of loss obtained with each one.
Strategii de evaluare a rezultatelor școlare din clasele primare la disciplina limba și literatura română
Authors: JARDAN Corina
Published: May 2024

Evaluation strategies include a set of methods, forms, techniques structured in relation to the specific objectives of the didactic activity and are classified depending on several criteria. In the discipline of Romanian language and literature in primary classes, the following types of assessments are most often used: initial assessment, formative assessment and summative assessment.
Metode complementare de evaluare la limba și literatura română în clasele primare
Authors: MUNTEANU Tamara
Published: May 2024

The article addresses the issue of evaluation, especially the complementary evaluation methods, applied in the primary level to Romanian language and literature lessons. Thus, implementation models of some methods, their advantages and disadvantages are reflected.
Metode moderne de evaluare a rezultatelor învățării
Authors: NIMERENCO Lilia
Published: May 2024

Evaluation methods are many, and each teacher chooses the most suitable methods for his students. This article describes traditional evaluation methods, but also modern methods that include the use of modern digital applications. Students more simply accept the use of applications that make assessment in the form of a game, which encourages them to be more attentive, but simultaneously and responsible towards the themes learned. As a conclusion, combining traditional and modern digital methods increases the effectiveness of learning and motivates students towards better learning.
Evaluarea formativă – un element central pentru învățare în învățământul primar
Authors: ȘTIRBU Minodora
Published: May 2024

Criterion evaluation through descriptors in primary education consists in improving school results, contributes to the motivation for learning, to the correction and self-correction of mistakes, thus supporting the development of the personality of the young schoolchild. In this sense, the article highlights the role of formative assessment, which aims to collect detailed information that can be used to improve student learning. Thus, formative assessment provides the feedback to dynamically adjust learning, detects student needs as they emerge and change.
Evaluarea în învățământul preșcolar
Authors: TROF Cornelia
Published: May 2024

The evaluation represents the totality of the activities through which the data obtained as a result of the application of some techniques, methods and measurement tools are collected, organized and interpreted, developed in accordance with the objectives and type of the evaluation, depending on the content and the targeted work group, in order to issue a judgment of value on which a certain educational decision is based.
Application of Law No. 35 of 2014 on Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence Involving Children
Authors: Muntihani Fachria
Published: May 2024

The focus of this research is on criminal acts of sexual violence involving children as perpetrators and victims. The main problem in this study, namely the application of Law 35 of 2014 in the criminal act of sexual violence involving children as perpetrators and victims in PN Sungguminasa. The type of research used is Field Qualitative Research or field research, with a statutory and sociological approach. The source of this research data was obtained by observation, interview, and document review methods. Data processing techniques are carried out by pumping data, then processing qualitatively and described by explaining, deciphering, or providing an overview of the subject matter. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the application of Law No. 35 of 2014 in cases of sexual violence involving children in PN Sugguminasa has been implemented by the provisions in the legislation. Child perpetrators or victims have been given protection by applicable regulations. As for if there is a later discrepancy between the provisions in the law and its application, then it is based on the decision of the court with various considerations.
Misi Kontemporer: Utilitas Teknologi Dalam Misi Kristen Masa Kini
Authors: Indarto Nico Dwiyadi Koes , Nanulaitta Thomas
Published: May 2024

This research aims to describe the importance of using or exploiting technology in carrying out the mission of today's church. Contemporary Christian mission cannot be accomplished by itself, even ignoring the importance of technology in it. Based on an investigation using the library research method, this research found that the role of technology in today's Christian Mission is vital and cannot be ignored. However, the use of technology in the context of Christian Missions must also pay attention to Christian ethical principles and consider the consequences of unethical use of technology. With the right strategy and adequate development of technological skills, technology can be an effective tool to assist Christian Missions in sharing the message of God's truth and love.
Injil Menurut Ulangan 6
Authors: Sihombing Aeron Frior , Hia Oferlin , Ambopai Aldi Feron Ando
Published: May 2024

The Old Testament is the word of God, the statutes and laws of God, specifically in this writing is Deuteronomy 6. The research question is how is the gospel in Deuteronomy 6? This is also the purpose of this study, which is to explain the gospel or good news according to Deuteronomy 6. Editorial criticism is done by looking at the theology or ideology of the editor or writer. Through this, an interpretation of the text will be made. A redaction of the Deuteronomy 6 text will be made to look at the editor's inserts or additions. This type of research is biblical by using redaction criticism. God's statutes or laws are God's grace given to His people. It is a manifestation of God's fellowship with His people.
Pengaruh Film Dokumenter “Dirty Vote” pada Saat Masa Tenang Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024 di Indonesia
Authors: Nathaniella Angelica , Triadi Irwan
Published: May 2024

Film dokumenter berjudul Dirty Vote dijadwalkan tayang perdana pada 11 Februari 2024, hari tenang menjelang pemilu 2024. Jalur pemilu presiden tahun 2024 dan dugaan insiden-insidennya dibahas dalam Dirty Vote. Dalam video yang disutradarai Dandhy Dwi Laksono inif, tim beranggotakan lima pakar mengkaji situasi terkait pemilu melalui kacamata analisis hukum tata negara. Untuk menjaga keutuhan pemilu dan menjamin masyarakat yang menyaksikannya mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangannya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman lebih dalam mengenai dampak film dokumenter Dirty Vote yang diproduksi pada masa pemilu atau masa tenang menjelang pemilu 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan film Dirty Vote berpengaruh terhadap pemilu 2024 di Indonesia karena banyak membahas kecurangan yang terjadi di tatanan negara saat ini serta menyadarkan masyarakat untuk lebih bijak dalam memilih pemimpin di Indonesia.