bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Following Exclosure Establishment in Communal Grazing Lands in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuria Wolde , Veldkamp Edzo , Corre Marife D. , Haile Mitiku
Published: December 2010

Degraded lands are common in human‐influenced tropical semiarid areas, and the potential for C sequestration through rehabilitation of these areas is substantial. In this study, we investigated changes in ecosystem C stocks (ECS) after establishing exclosures on degraded communal grazing lands, and identified easily measurable biophysical and management‐related factors that can be used to predict ECS restoration in the highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia. We selected replicated (n = 3) 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐yr‐old exclosures and paired each exclosure with an adjacent communal grazing land. All exclosures displayed higher ECS than the communal grazing lands. Differences in ECS between exclosures and grazing lands varied between 29 (±4.9) and 61 (±6.7) Mg C ha−1 and increased with exclosure duration. In exclosures, much of the variability in ECS was explained by a combination of the following variables: precipitation, clay content, vegetation canopy cover, woody biomass, and exclosure duration (R2 = 0.77–0.90). Precipitation and vegetation canopy cover also explained much of the variability of ECS in communal grazing lands (R2 = 0.48–0.55). Our results help to establish baseline information for C sequestration projects and to predict the expected ecosystem C sequestration under exclosures. Expansion of exclosures would increase grazing pressure on the remaining communal grazing area. Therefore, the decision to establish additional exclosures should also include an economic analysis and an evaluation of the social consequences.
Within‐Field Variability in Optimum Nitrogen Rate for Corn Linked to Soil Moisture Availability
Authors: Schmidt John P. , Sripada Ravi P. , Beegle Doug B. , Rotz C. Alan , Hong Nan
Published: December 2010

Understanding the interaction between yield response to N and other growth‐limiting factors is essential to improving spatially dependent N fertilizer applications. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of soil moisture variability on the economically optimum N rate (EONR) for corn (Zea mays L.). Corn grain yield response to N was determined at each of 10 locations along a hillslope in central Pennsylvania (2005–2007). Volumetric soil water content (θp, 0–90‐cm depth) was also determined at each location approximately weekly between mid‐June and August. The mean EONR (n = 10) was 117, 140, and 169 kg N ha−1 in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively, while the range in EONR among locations each year was 147, 69, and 146 kg N ha−1, respectively. The mean θp (n = 10) was between 15 and 25 cm in 2005, 23 to 37 cm in 2006, and 21 to 27 cm in 2007. While there was greater temporal change in the mean θp in 2006, the smaller variability among locations during the drier growing seasons of 2005 and 2007 was more relevant to differences in EONR. The EONR in 2005 and 2007 was strongly related (r2 = 0.74 and 0.71, respectively) to the change in θp at each location as determined during a defining drying and wetting cycle in June and July. During the relatively wetter 2006 growing season, the EONR was not related to changes in θp Greater water availability during drier growing seasons increased the EONR.
Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Ammonium Adsorption in Soils
Authors: Vogeler I. , Cichota R. , Snow V. O. , Dutton T. , Daly B.
Published: December 2010

Urine depositions by grazing animals induce high concentration of ammonium (NH4+) in soils. The adsorption of NH4+ in the soil plays an important role in the fate of the urine deposited N. However, adsorption isotherms for a wide range of soils are not readily available. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) that relate easily measurable and widely available soil properties to the NH4 adsorption capacity of soils might be a useful tool to help predict the fate of the urine if they are sufficiently accurate. To derive PTF's for NH4 adsorption by soils, batch experiments were performed with eight different soils from New Zealand. The adsorption data for the different soils were fitted with the Freundlich isotherm and the model parameters related to soil properties including total C content, clay and sand fractions, and cation‐exchange capacity (CEC). Clay fraction and CEC were found to be most related to the Freundlich model parameters, and were used to derive PTFs. The PTFs were validated using NH4+ sorption data from the literature spanning a range of soils with different textures and CEC. Agreement between literature NH4 adsorption data and those calculated using the PTFs were good, with R2 of 0.7, provided that only soils with similar clay contents and CECs as those used for their development. While this is a potential limitation of the derived PTFs, the range of clay and CEC used are relevant for a wide range of soils.
A Dynamic and Ecological Approach to the Artistic Creative Process of Arts Students: An Empirical Contribution
Authors: Botella Marion , Zenasni Franck , Lubart Todd
Published: December 2010

The creative process in artistic work is examined. The creative process has often been considered in terms of a sequence of stages that leads to a creative product. A dynamic approach to the artistic creative process, including an affective component is proposed. Two studies with art students were conducted. Results support our hypothesis that the creative artistic process is not exclusively sequential and linear. Moreover, students' affects tended to vary at each phase of the creative process.
When Film Critics Agree: Does Film Genre Matter?
Authors: Wanderer Jules J.
Published: December 2010

This article reports the results of an analysis of patterns of “agreements” and “disagreements” among 45 professional critics' ratings of over 1300 films. These ratings—awarded along a scale from 0 to 5 stars—were examined, first, to determine whether increases in the sheer number of critics rating a film was associated with its average rating; second, to determine whether the number of ratings was more or less related to levels of agreement among critics' ratings; and third, to determine whether certain types of films (genres) were more likely to produce ratings agreement than others. Chi-square tests supported the contention that film genres were not distributed proportionally in subsets of films with very high and very low levels of ratings agreement, ranging, for example, from most agreement for horror films, to least, for dramas.
Genius: A Son of His Time or a Rara Avis?
Authors: Petrov Vladimir M. , Locher Paul J.
Published: December 2010

European artistic geniuses (5 composers and 10 painters of the 15th to 19th centuries) and comparison groups of their less-gifted contemporaries were analyzed on the basis of the stylistic parameters of their works using archival and expert rating techniques. The parameters reflected the artists' orientation regarding the “analytic” versus “synthetic” poles of creativity and perception, which are usually associated with left- or right-hemispheric prevalence, respectively. Findings reveal that the artists within a comparison group were stylistically similar with respect to the nature of their creative processes, that is, they reflected an artistic zeitgeist for their historical era. The genius artists exhibited significant deviations from their lesser contemporaries on many of the stylistic parameters measured (which reflect the phenomenon of “ rara avis” described in the article). The implications of this phenomenon for the progressive development of new art forms over time are briefly discussed.
The possibility of lactic acid fermentation in the triticale stillage
Authors: Markovic Milica , Markov Sinisa , Pejin Dusanka , Mojovic Ljiljana , Vukasinovic Maja , Pejin Jelena , Jokovic Natasa
Published: December 2010

Triticale stillage is a by-product of the bioethanol production. A research
was conducted in order to see if triticale stillage is adequate for lactic
acid bacteria growth and lactic acid fermentation. Three Lactobacillus
strains: Lactobacillus fermentum NRRL-B-75624, Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1,
and Lactobacillus plantarum PL-4 were taken in consideration. Lactic acid
fermentation was monitored by measuring pH value and titratable acidity.
Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1 had the greatest decrease of pH values and rise
of titratable acidity so it was chosen for future work. During the research,
it was investigated how nutrient composition of triticale stillage and CaCO3
influence lactic acid fermentation and CaCO3 role in cell protection. The
nutrient composition of triticale stillage was satisfactory for lactic acid
fermentation. The addition of CaCO3 helped in lactic acid fermentation.
Although the titratable acidity in the samples with CaCO3 was lower then in
the samples without CaCO3, the number of viable cells was higher for the
samples with CaCO3, which showed that CaCO3 protected lactic acid cells from
inhibition by lactic acid.
What Can Be Measured in Dating Data: Comment on Vaillant (2006)
Authors: Cameron Samuel
Published: December 2010

Vaillant's 2006 paper presents data from a marriage bureau to give evidence on partner-seeking behavior. Three questions may be asked about the nature and usefulness of such work, whether it can (i) measure the efficiency of such bureaux, (ii) indicate the volume of resources devoted to partner search from commercially sourced dating data, and (iii) be used to test hypotheses about preference formation.
Concurrent Validity of the College Adjustment Scales Using Comparison with the MMPI College Maladjustment Scale
Authors: Campbell Michael H. , Palmieri Michael , Lasch Brandi
Published: December 2010

The concurrent validity of the College Adjustment Scales was assessed using comparison to the College Maladjustment Scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory-2. Undergraduate students ( N = 56, 40 women, M age = 21.3 yr., 87.5% white, non-Hispanic) completed both tests. Analysis indicated scores on 8 of 9 College Adjustment Scales correlated significantly in the predicted direction with those on the College Maladjustment Scale, thereby providing some additional support for convergent validity. While the conclusions are limited significantly by the small sample, this report provides an incremental contribution to the validity of the College Adjustment Scales.
Internal Consistency of a Spanish Translation of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity Short Form
Authors: Campo-Arias Adalberto , Oviedo Heidi Celina , Díaz Carmen Elena , Cogollo Zuleima
Published: December 2010

This study evaluated the internal consistency of a Spanish version of the short form of the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity based on responses of 405 Colombian adolescent students ages 13 to 17 years. This translated short-form version of the scale had an internal consistency of .80. This estimate indicates suitable internal consistency reliability for research use in this population.
The Relationship between HIV Disclosure and Adjustment
Authors: Vance David
Published: December 2010

In many cases, sharing the diagnosis of HIV can help people to adjust to their diagnosis. However, several factors may impede this process. A secondary data analysis of 50 HIV-positive adults found that African Americans delayed sharing their diagnosis with others longer than Euro-Americans. In addition, those who perceived more stigma against HIV took longer to tell someone and took longer to adjust to their diagnosis. Implications for practice and research are posited.
Observing the Preservation and Decline of Abilities in Dementias
Authors: Williams Robert B. , French Laurence A. , Ferrell Richard B.
Published: December 2010

The Brief Cognitive Rating Scale facilitated observation of the preservation and decline of abilities due to dementias among 73 female and 52 male residents at nursing homes in a northeastern and southwestern state. They ranged in age from 41 to 102 years ( M = 78, SD=10.5). Dementia diagnoses included presenile Alzheimers, senile Alzheimers, Vascular Dementia, Dementia secondary to Huntington's Disease, Dementia due to Pick's Disease, and Korsakoff Dementia secondary to chronic alcoholism. Their ratings on tasks of the scale were submitted to an order analysis procedure to explore the order of decline and preservation of abilities. Results for these nursing home residents show an apparent order: loss singly or concurrently of the abilities of concentration and recent memory, followed by past memory and functioning and self-care that also appeared to be unpredictably lost or preserved singly or concurrently by different individuals, and, finally, by orientation that was preserved in 82% of the subjects.
Preliminary Organizational Culture Scale Focused on Artifacts
Authors: Bonavia Tomas
Published: December 2010

In this preliminary study, an Organizational Culture Scale was developed to assess cultural artifacts according to Schein's typology (1985). It includes a set of cultural artifacts to measure the extent to which an organization is more or less traditional. A total of 249 managers from a range of different companies responded to the items. Preliminary analysis yielded a one-dimensional scale with 14 items with high internal consistency and homogeneity.
Missing Data: Prevalence and Reporting Practices
Authors: Bodner Todd E.
Published: December 2010

Results are described for a survey assessing prevalence of missing data and reporting practices in studies with missing data in a random sample of empirical research journal articles from the PsychINFO database for the year 1999, two years prior to the publication of a special section on missing data in Psychological Methods. Analysis indicates missing data problems were found in about one-third of the studies. Further, analytical methods and reporting practices varied widely for studies with missing data. One may consider these results as baseline data to assess progress as reporting standards evolve for studies with missing data. Some potential reporting standards are discussed.
Assessing Occupational Stress, Strain, and Coping for North American Teachers in Kuwait
Authors: Alkhadher Othman , Al-Naser Hessah
Published: December 2010

In this study, differences in levels of occupational stress and strain experienced by North American local ( n = 24) and expatriate ( n = 43) teachers working in Kuwait were investigated by married ( n=34) and single status ( n=31) and by male ( n = 30) and female ( n = 47) sex. All teachers self-administered the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised. No differences appeared among measures of stress or strain between male and female teachers or between married and single teachers. However, locally hired teachers reported higher role insufficiency and interpersonal strain than expatriate teachers. Some significant differences in coping styles also appeared between these groups. None of the measures used revealed any significant correlations between age and years of service.
Test of the Technology Acceptance Model for a Web-Based Information System in a Hong Kong Chinese Sample
Authors: Cheung Emily Yee Man , Sachs John
Published: December 2010

The modified technology acceptance model was used to predict actual Blackboard usage (a web-based information system) in a sample of 57 Hong Kong student teachers whose mean age was 27.8 yr. ( SD=6.9). While the general form of the model was supported, Application-specific Self-efficacy was a more powerful predictor of system use than Behavioural Intention as predicted by the theory of reasoned action. Thus in this cultural and educational context, it has been shown that the model does not fully mediate the effect of Self-efficacy on System Use. Also, users' Enjoyment exerted considerable influence on the component variables of Usefulness and Ease of Use and on Application-specific Self-efficacy, thus indirectly influencing system usage. Consequently, efforts to gain students' acceptance and, therefore, use of information systems such as Blackboard must pay adequate attention to users' Self-efficacy and motivational variables such as Enjoyment.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Life Regard Index-Revised
Authors: Yockey Ronald D.
Published: December 2010

The relative fit of one-factor, two-factor, and six-factor models of the English version of the Life Regard Index-Revised was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 464 university students. The results indicated that the six-factor model fit modestly better than both the one-factor and two-factor models, although the difference in fit between the three models was relatively small. Implications of the results are discussed and recommendations for the use of the Life Regard Index-Revised as a measure of personal meaning are provided.
Factor Structure of the Depression Self-Rating Scale in an Iranian Adolescent Sample
Authors: Taghavi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2010

Previous research showed concurrent validity for the Depression Self-rating Scale for Iranian adolescents, so the present purpose was to evaluate construct validity. The scale was distributed to 2,012 school students in Grades 5 to 10. Factor analysis using varimax rotation yielded four factors interpretable as depressed mood, hopelessness, lack of pleasurable activities, and physiological symptoms. These factors accounted for 44% of the variance and provide some support for construct validity of the scale in Iranian adolescents.
Relations among Religiosity, Health, Happiness, and Anxiety for Kuwaiti Adolescents
Authors: Baroun Khader A.
Published: December 2010

The present study investigated correlations among religiosity, health, happiness, and anxiety for 941 Kuwaiti adolescents. A convenience sample of male ( n = 408) and female ( n = 533) students ( M age=16.5, SD=1.2 yr.) was randomly selected from secondary school students of different districts of the State of Kuwait. The Intrinsic Religious Motivation scale, the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale, and six self-rating scales assessing religiosity, strength of religious belief, physical health, mental health, happiness, and life satisfaction were applied to assess correlations among Kuwaiti adolescents. Analysis showed boys had significantly higher mean scores than girls on all measures except anxiety, on which girls scored significantly higher than boys. There also were significant and positive correlations among the variables, except for anxiety, which was significant and negative.
A Cluster Analysis of Perfectionism among Competitive Athletes
Authors: Martinent Guillaume , Ferrand Claude
Published: December 2010

In the present study, the ways in which athletes may experience perfectionism in a sport context were examined. The question of interest was whether self-confidence, intensity, and direction of cognitive and somatic precompetitive anxiety would differ across identifiable profiles of perfectionism. Competitive athletes ( N = 166) completed the Sport-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the French-Canadian Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised, including a Direction scale. Results of the cluster analysis indicated that athletes could be classified into three groups labelled Nonperfectionists, Adaptive perfectionists, and Maladaptive perfectionists. Perfectionism profiles differed significantly on Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety Intensity and on Cognitive Anxiety Direction. The importance of considering all dimensions of perfectionism simultaneously when examining the functional nature of this construct in sport is discussed.
Relation of Religiosity with Academic Dishonesty in a Sample of College Students
Authors: Huelsman Melissa A. , Piroch Joan , Wasieleski David
Published: December 2010

This study was conducted to estimate the relationship between academic dishonesty and religiosity in a convenient sample of college students. Scores on the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire and the Academic Practices Survey were correlated for 70 undergraduate students. Overall, religiosity and academic dishonesty were not significantly related. However, follow-up analyses by sex indicated that this association was significant for women but not men. Research should be conducted to investigate whether this pattern is robust and indicates a differing role for religiosity as a standard for appropriate or inappropriate behavior.
An Estimate of the Flynn Effect: Changes in IQ and Subtest Gains of 10-Yr.-Old French Children between 1965 and 1988
Authors: Bradmetz Joël , Mathy Fabien
Published: December 2010

The significant increase in IQ in the industrialised countries during recent decades, known as the eponymous Flynn Effect, tends to be given numerous explanations (progress in schooling, television, nutrition, etc.). One way of studying this effect consists of assessing in which subtests the change in IQ takes place. Using the comparison among 120,000 French children on an intelligence test in 1965 and the results of 8,640 children on the same test in 1988, Greenfield's hypothesis is discussed: that television and other media using graphical representations have induced an improvement in spatial and visual capacities to the detriment of capacities relating to vocabulary. The results are compatible with Greenfield's hypothesis, although other explanations are still possible.
Characteristics of Successful Fakers versus Unsuccessful Fakers: Is Empathy, Intelligence, Or Personality Associated with Faking PTSD on the MMPI-2?
Authors: Moyer Diane M. , Gordon Robert M. , Ward Jane Tyler , Burkhardt Barbara B.
Published: December 2010

Moyer, Burkhardt, and Gordon found in 2002 that some individuals could fake PTSD on the MMPI-2. In light of these results, a follow-up study was conducted to assess whether attributes such as empathy, intelligence, subjectivity, or insightfulness influenced ability to fake a PTSD profile on the MMPI-2. 35 subjects from the previous study were divided into two groups, successful fakers and unsuccessful fakers. Analysis indicated no significant differences between groups on the measures of empathy or intelligence. However, a significant difference was found between groups on the Schizophrenia and Cynicism scales and falling just short of significance on the Hypochondriasis scale. These results suggested that individuals able to fake PTSD are more insightful and less subjective, which makes them better at role-playing.
Serial Publication and the Emotional Associations of Words in Dickens' David Copperfield
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: December 2010

A study of the emotional associations and imagery of words in Dickens' serially published novel David Copperfield, quantified by the Dictionary of Affect in Language, identified patterns both in the whole novel and within its chapters and installments. The Pleasantness and Activation of words rose significantly across the novel, while the use of Imagery first fell and then rose again. The last chapter of each installment had shorter sentences and higher scores for Imagery than other chapters, and words within last chapters tended to rise in Pleasantness and Activation within the chapter. It was felt this was likely as a result of Dickens' efforts to maintain dynamism and increase reader interest.
Some Personality Correlates of Using eBay
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David , Wong Wilson W. M. , Cappelletti Dominique , Jimenez Asahi Ruiz
Published: December 2010

The use of eBay by 102 American undergraduate students was not associated with competitiveness, locus of control scores, or money attitude scores.
Comparison of Ruminative Responses with Negative Rumination as a Vulnerability Factor for Depression
Authors: Ito Taku , Takenaka Koji , Tomita Takuro , Agari Ichiro
Published: December 2010

Several studies have shown that the ruminative responses, which are defined as a coping pattern that focuses on the symptoms of depression and on the possible causes and consequences of these symptoms, are associated with depression. Recently, negative rumination, which is defined as the tendency to continue to think about something bad, harmful, or unhopeful for a long time, has been proposed as a vulnerability factor for depression. The purpose of this study was to compare depression scores associated with negative rumination and ruminative responses. We expected to find depression associated with negative rumination. The sample consisted of 188 Japanese undergraduate students (83 men: M age=19.0 yr., SD =1.1; 105 women: M age=19.1 yr., SD=1.7) taking a human sciences course at a Japanese university. Subjects participated in an 8-mo. longitudinal study. Logistic analysis indicated that negative rumination was a significant predictor of depression. However, ruminative responses as a whole were not a significant predictor of depression after controlling for negative rumination. These findings suggest that it is important to distinguish whether rumination is focused on negative or nonnegative subject matter.
Physical Self-Presentation and Competitive Anxiety in Male Master Divers
Authors: Lorimer Ross , Westbury Tony
Published: December 2010

This study investigated the link between physical self-presentation and competitive anxiety in male, master-level, high-board divers ( N = 84, M age = 29.3 yr., SD=14.3). Competitive trait anxiety, social physique anxiety, and physical self-presentation confidence were assessed using the Sport Anxiety Scale, Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and the Physical Self-presentation inventory. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that variance in competitive anxiety was accounted for by the physical self-presentation variables and that these variables were more strongly associated with the cognitive anxiety subscale Worry, and to a lesser extent, Somatic Anxiety. The results of this study provide support for the argument that physical self-presentation is associated with competitive anxiety in male athletes.
Attention Bias towards Personally Relevant Stimuli: The Individual Emotional Stroop Task
Authors: Wingenfeld Katja , Mensebach Christoph , Driessen Martin , Bullig Renate , Hartje Wolfgang , Beblo Thomas
Published: December 2010

The emotional Stroop task is a widely used method for investigating attentional bias towards stimuli due to mood or affect. In general, standardized stimuli are used, which might not be appropriate when investigating individual contextual frameworks. It was investigated whether words chosen to be related to individuals' personal life events would produce more pronounced Stroop interference (as an indicator of attentional bias) than stimuli without any personal relevance. Twenty-six non-clinical subjects, 20 female and 6 male, participated in the study. Mean age was 36.1 yr. ( SD=18.1). All were recruited by means of local advertising. Stimulus material consisted of four word types: personal words related to negative life events with and without current personal relevance, and negative and neutral words without any personal relevance. Words were presented in three blocks. Analysis of variance showed main effects for word type and blocks, with slower reactions in the personally relevant conditions than in the negative, or neutral conditions, and in response to the first blocks as opposed to the last. These findings indicate that regardless of the word valence, personally relevant stimuli evoke more pronounced Stroop interference than do stimuli without personal relevance.
Order of Question Presentation and Correlation between Judgments of Comparative and Own Risk
Authors: Gold Ron S. , Barclay Alicia
Published: December 2010

Unrealistic optimism is often assessed using a single question asking for an estimate of comparative risk. However, it has been proposed that individuals treat such a question essentially as though it were only about their own risk. This proposal leads to the prediction that, when the questions about own risk and comparative risk are asked in sequence, the correlation between the resulting estimates should be lower if the question about own risk comes first than if the question about comparative risk comes first. This prediction was tested using a student sample ( N = 68). Participants answered the two types of question in sequence, with order of presentation being counterbalanced. Results were in accord with the prediction. Possible reasons are advanced for individuals' answering questions about comparative risk as if the questions concerned their own risk.
Arthur Schopenhauer and Andras Angyal
Authors: Lester David , Zeyrek Emek Yüce
Published: December 2010

Schopenhauer attributed will to both humans and objects, and commentators have dismissed the notion that objects have will. It is proposed that by focusing on our perception of the environment, rather than the environment itself, the theory of personality proposed by Angyal provides a way of attributing forces to both the individual and to the environment.
Discipline and Sex Differences in Religiosity and Spirituality among Health Care Professionals
Authors: Flannelly Kevin J. , Galek Kathleen
Published: December 2010

Significant discipline and sex differences were found among random samples of hospital chaplains, nurses, physicians, and social workers who were asked to rate their religiosity and spirituality. Chaplains were significantly higher and physicians were significantly lower than other disciplines in religiosity. Spirituality was higher than religiosity for all disciplines. Overall, women rated themselves higher on spirituality than men.
Career Maturity and State Anxiety of Taiwanese College Student Athletes Given Cognitive Career-Oriented Group Counseling
Authors: Peng Huiling , Johanson Robert E.
Published: December 2010

In this study, the extent to which a cognitive career-based group counseling program might promote career maturity and decrease state anxiety among student athletes was investigated at two business colleges in Taiwan. 80 male and female participant volunteers, averaging about 19 years of age, were divided into control and treatment groups in each college. The treated group was given instruction. Analysis indicates that treated students exhibited overall lower mean state anxiety than the nontreated group. However, no significant treatment group differences were detected among participants' career maturity scores. The results raise important questions regarding the ways in which institutions of higher education seek benefit from student athletes' physical talents, e.g., increased name recognition, yet often do not prepare them for their careers postgraduation.
Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Shaikholeslami Razieh , Khayyer Mohammad
Published: December 2010

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation with learning the English language. The 230 Iranian students at Shiraz University were tested using the Language Learning Orientations Scales to measure Amotivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Intrinsic Motivation as explanatory variables. Grade point average in English exams was selected as a measure of English learning Achievement. Multiple regression analysis revealed that learning Achievement scores were predicted by scores on the Amotivation subscale, Introjected Regulation subscale, Knowledge subscale, and Stimulation subscale, whereas, the External and Identified Regulation and Accomplishment subscales did not have a significant relationship with Achievement. The results are discussed in terms of differences in Iranian context and culture.
Due Process Model of Procedural Justice in Performance Appraisal: Promotion versus Termination Scenarios
Authors: Kataoka Heloneida C. , Cole Nina D. , Flint Douglas A.
Published: December 2010

In a laboratory study, 318 student participants (148 male, 169 female, and one who did not report sex; M age 25.0, SD = 6.0) in introductory organizational behavior classes responded to scenarios in which performance appraisal resulted in either employee promotion or termination. Each scenario had varying levels of three procedural justice criteria for performance appraisal. For both promotion and termination outcomes, analysis showed that, as the number of criteria increased, perceptions of procedural fairness increased. A comparison between the two outcomes showed that perceptions of fairness were significantly stronger for the promotion outcome than for termination.
Depression, Anxiety, and Personal Finance Behavior: Implications for the Classical Economic Conception of Humans as Rational Decision-Makers
Authors: Lester David , Yang Bijou , Spinella Marcello
Published: December 2010

In a sample of 138 college students, the personal finance behaviors of impulse control and organization were negatively associated with the use of recreational drugs and with scores on measures of depression, mania, and anxiety.
The Flow of Emotion through Beowulf
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: December 2010

The Old English saga Beowulf was studied in translation with the help of the Dictionary of Affect in Language which quantifies the emotional connotations of words. Statistically significant differences in Pleasantness and Activation were evident across segments of the poem. A model was developed to represent the wavelike flow of Pleasantness and Activation through the Beowulf saga. Analyses identified a meta-structure whose climax was the second adventure (the killing of Grendel's mother). Data from three different translations and data representing the meter and orthography of the original poem provided convergent construct validity for the model.
Belief in Astrology Inventory: Development and Validation
Authors: Chico Eliseo , Lorenzo-Seva Urbano
Published: December 2010

After the paper by Mayo, White, and Eysenck in 1978, a considerable number of papers studied the so-called sun-sign-effect predicted by astrology: people born with the sun in a positive sign are supposed to be extraverted, and those with the sun in a negative sign are supposed to be introverted. In these papers, researchers used ad hoc questionnaires with a few questions related to belief, knowledge, experience, or attitude toward astrology. However, an appropriate inventory with known psychometric properties has yet to be developed to assess the belief in astrology. In the present paper, the Belief in Astrology Inventory is presented with some psychometric data. The participants were 743 undergraduates studying Psychology and Social Sciences at a university in Spain. Correlation of scores on Belief in Astrology and Extraversion was small but significant ( r = .22; r2 = .04) for positive sun-sign participants. This value accounts for negligible common variance. Women had significantly higher scores on the inventory than men.
An Experimental Investigation of Justice-Based Service Recovery on Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Word-of-Mouth Intentions
Authors: Shapiro Terri , Nieman-Gonder Jennifer M. , Andreoli Nicole A. , Trimarco-Beta Darlene
Published: December 2010

Service recovery is related to many important organizational outcomes such as customer satisfaction, loyalty, and profitability. Within the theoretical framework of organizational justice, an experiment using a simulated “live” service failure was used to assess the effects of justice-based service-recovery strategies on customer satisfaction, loyalty, positive word-of-mouth intentions, and negative word-of-mouth intentions. Analysis indicated that strategies including interactional justice, distributive justice, and a combination of these were equally effective in maintaining customer satisfaction, loyalty, and positive word of mouth, and minimizing negative word of mouth after a service failure. No support for the service recovery paradox, that is, increased satisfaction following service failure and recovery compared to never having a problem, was found. Satisfaction and loyalty for those in the failure conditions were equal to, although not higher than, in the no-failure control condition. Practical implications for organizational practices are discussed.
A Procedure for Coding Self-Regard from Narrative Self-Descriptions
Authors: Anderson Walter P.
Published: December 2010

Researchers typically obtain numerical measures of self-regard from the self-reports of cooperative participants by administering assessment scales. Selected narrative self-descriptions would become numerical data sources were suitable content analyses devised. This paper documents two descriptive studies ( N = 46, N = 62) that illustrate a basis for suitable designs. That basis is a simple coding procedure in which raters use a 9-point scale to code measures of specific variables from autobiographical narratives. In each study, 5 raters apply content analyses based on the procedure to code their subjective assessments of self-liking, self-competence, and self-regard described in 108 brief narratives (60-150 words). Analysis shows substantial inter-rater agreement and content validity for the measures of self-regard. This suggests researchers could apply the coding procedure to other data.
E-Therapy: Caveats from Experiences with Telephone Therapy
Authors: Lester David
Published: December 2010

Experiences with telephone counseling are used to illustrate potential problems for e-therapy: therapy becoming conversational, problems of transference and countertransference, and the effects of client's control and immediacy of contact.
Incidence of Depression Related to Isotretinoin Treatment in 100 ACNE Vulgaris Patients
Authors: Kaymak Yeşim , Kalay Mustafa , İlter Nilsel , Taner Ender
Published: December 2010

The incidence of depression in acne patients using isotretinoin was assessed in 100 patients with moderate and nodulocystic acne. All patients received 0.75–1.00 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin for 20–28 weeks after acne was assessed. All patients' acne lesions were improved at the end of the treatment period. Psychological state was evaluated at baseline, at Month 3, and Month 6 by a psychiatrist using a Turkish version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Only one patient's score increased to the clinical level of depression at Month 3 of treatment and declined to subclinical levels at Month 6. Although Hamilton scores increased at Month 3 over baseline scores, except for one patient, others' scores remained below the subclinical level for depression. At the end of Month 6, the mean score decreased below that at Month 3. These changes in means might be related to the onset of clinical effect of isotretinoin.
Factor Structure of Work Commitment for Japanese Employees
Authors: Sumi Katsunori
Published: December 2010

The factor structure of the Japanese translation of five work commitment measures, i.e., the Work Involvement Questionnaire, the Career Commitment Scale, the Job Involvement Questionnaire, the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, and the Work Group Attachment Scale, was examined in 496 Japanese employees. Exploratory factor analysis clearly identified five factors which reflected commitment toward the job, organization, work group, career, and work itself. The items composing each factor were consistent with the items included in each of the five measures used.
Clients' Response Modes and Session Outcome
Authors: Lee Han-Jong , Nomura Shinobu
Published: December 2010

This study examined clients' response modes in one-session counseling interviews with two counselors and 32 volunteer college students as clients. Sessions which yielded clients' higher ratings of helpfulness and satisfaction were associated with low proportions of clients' recounting, which involves clients providing statements on factual information in a storytelling style and high proportions of clients' response modes, which indicate an exploration of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, insight into problems, and a problem-solving attitude. Thereafter, clients' response modes were examined in conjunction with counselors' interventions in the previous speaking turn using a sequential analysis. This analysis indicated that the occurrences of clients' response modes were not random but rather seemed to be associated with antecedent interventions by a counselor.
Sexual Orientation and Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Lester David
Published: December 2010

In a large sample of 4,700 individuals who belong to a website for body modification, the 1,759 bisexuals and the 228 homosexuals reported a greater incidence of prior suicidal ideation and attempts than did the 2,647 heterosexuals, even after controls for sex and self-reported depression.
Moderating Effects of Physical Self-Appraisal on Relations of Weight with Energy Changes for Obese Women Initiating a Supported Exercise and Nutrition Information Program
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: December 2010

Significant linear bivariate correlations were found between changes in ratings of Vigor and Fatigue, and weight change over 24 weeks ( rs= −.34 and .46, respectively) for 48 obese women who had initiated a supported physical activity and nutrition information program. However, after controlling for changes in Body Areas Satisfaction scale scores, the correlations decreased and were not significant. After controlling for changes in Physical Self-concept scale scores, correlations for changes in weight and Vigor scores were not significant. When changes in Body Areas Satisfaction and Physical Self-concept were simultaneously entered into separate multiple regression equations along with changes in the mood factors, significant portions of the variance in weight change ( R2s = .36 and .29, respectively) were accounted for. Results suggested that perceptions of improvement in one's body, physical self-concept, and energy may be important predictors of weight loss in obese women and have implications for both health behavior theory and weight management treatments.
Evidence of Reliability and Validity for the Universal Orientation Scale
Authors: Nicol Adelheid A. M. , Boies Kathleen
Published: December 2010

The relationships of Universal Orientation with Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation were examined in two studies. Undergraduate students from various universities completed three measures. 314 participated in Study 1 and 461 participated in Study 2. Scores on the Universal Orientation scale correlated weakly with those on the Right-Wing Authoritarianism scale ( r = −.14 for both samples) and moderately with the Social Dominance Orientation scale ( r = −.50 for Sample 1 and r = −.36 for Sample 2). Low Cronbach alphas for the Universal Orientation scale (α = .68 for the first sample and α =.60 for the second sample) suggest the scale requires revision.
Correlates of Tattoos and Reference Groups
Authors: Roberts Alden E. , Koch Jerome R. , Armstrong Myrna L. , Owen Donna C.
Published: December 2010

520 college students from a public university in the southwest were questioned to examine correlations between having a tattoo and the presence of tattoos among their family and friends. Tattoos among both friends and family were positively correlated with respondents' having a tattoo. The magnitude of friends' influence was about double the influence of family.
Re-Dressing Helping Attire: Methodological and Interpretive Issues
Authors: Giles Howard
Published: December 2010

Using a study by Wilson and Kennedy in 2006 as a springboard, methodological and interpretive issues associated with helping people dressed differently and at various geographic locations are suggested. A plea for exploring more of the dynamics of helping as a communicative process is tabled.
Correlations between Optimism and Social Relationships
Authors: Sumi Katsunori
Published: December 2010

This study examined the relationships between self-report scores of 275 Japanese college students on the Japanese version of the revised Life Orientation Test and the Interpersonal Relationship Inventory. Ratings for optimism were positively correlated with those for social support and reciprocity ( rs = .39 and .29, respectively) and negatively correlated with those for interpersonal conflict ( r = −.26).
Perfectionism, Depression, and Academic Performance
Authors: Leenaars Lindsey , Lester David
Published: December 2010

In samples of 30 Canadian and 117 American undergraduates, academic performance was more strongly correlated with perfectionism scores (Revised Almost Perfect Scale) ( r = .20 and −.17) than with those on self-reported depression (CES-Depression) ( r = −.09).
Factor Structure of a Bulgarian Translation of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
Authors: Bidjerano Temi
Published: December 2010

The study examined the dimensionality of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale with a sample of 486 10- and 11-yr.-old Bulgarian children. Findings supported the established factor structure of this scale. Certain departures from the American version of the scale were also observed. Bulgarian girls scored significantly higher on the Anxiety scale than Bulgarian boys, and 10-yr.-old Bulgarian boys scored significantly lower than their American peers. Bulgarian children tended to score higher than the American children on the Lie scale. At present this Bulgarian version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale could be employed as a rough screening test for anxiety.
Factor Analysis of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised in Developmentally Disabled Persons
Authors: Di Nuovo Santo F. , Buono Serafino
Published: December 2010

The results of previous studies on the factorial structure of Wechsler Intelligence Scales are somewhat inconsistent across normal and pathological samples. To study specific clinical groups, such as developmentally disabled persons, it is useful to examine the factor structure in appropriate samples. A factor analysis was carried out using the principal component method and the Varimax orthogonal rotation on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) in a sample of 203 developmentally disabled persons, with a mean age of 25 years 4 months. Developmental disability ranged from mild to moderate. Partially contrasting with previous studies on normal samples, results found a two-factor solution. Wechsler's traditional Verbal and Performance scales seems to be more appropriate for this sample than the alternative three-factor solution.
Business Owners' Optimism and Business Performance after a Natural Disaster
Authors: Bronson James W. , Faircloth James B. , Valentine Sean R.
Published: December 2010

Previous work indicates that individuals' optimism is related to superior performance in adverse situations. This study examined correlations after flooding for measures of business recovery but found only weak support (very small common variance) for business owners' optimism scores and sales recovery. Using traditional measures of recovery, in this study was little empirical evidence that optimism would be of value in identifying businesses at risk after a natural disaster.
Nonconscious Activation of Behavioral Goals, a Methodologically Refined Replication
Authors: Engeser Stefan , Wendland Mirko , Rheinberg Falko
Published: December 2010

In four of the five experiments presented by Bargh and colleagues, achievement-related words to prime the goal of doing well subsequently led to better achievement. However, as the experiments used verbs for achievement words and nouns as neutral words, the results might be due to confounding conditions. To avoid this problem, we conducted an online experiment with a 2 (achievement-priming: achievement words, neutral words) × 2 (word class: verbs, nouns) factorial design. 89 men and 123 women whose mean age was 25.8 yr. ( SD=7.1), who were recruited via a student e-mail list of the university and former participants in other experiments, took part. Barge, et al.'s findings that the achievement content is responsible for the priming effect were confirmed. Moderator effects of task difficulty and achievement motivation are discussed.