bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected semitransitive constructions in Algonquian
Authors: Zúñiga Fernando
Published: February 2018

The present paper surveys a number of selected constructions in Algonquian languages that fall between those expressing transitivity and those expressing intransitivity (Hopper & Thompson 1980; Dryer 2007). Socalled passives are mostly agentless and show different kinds of allomorphy in the particular languages. Antipassives are not fully understood yet but seem to be more idiosyncratic than passives, and are not found everywhere in the family. Lastly, systematic mismatches between morphological and syntactic valency (similar to constructions found in Oceanic and other languages) seem to play an important role in the inventory of constructions used to express less than full transitivity in Algonquian.
Tool for the Synthesis of Mechanisms of New Engines Based on Dasy
Authors: Richtr David
Published: February 2018

The article presents a tool for the synthesis of engine mechanisms based on DASY and the use thereof for designing the parameters of an experimental single-cylinder engine. The tool includes a parametric engine model based on DASY. The model will make it possible to simulate the engine thermodynamics and its mechanisms. It consists of sub-models which deal with the thermodynamics, kinematics and dynamics of the valve timing mechanism, its belt drive, and hydraulic circuit for camshaft adjustment. The methodologies of synthesis of mechanisms were used to determine the values of the calibration parameters. The parameters of the sub-models were subsequently validated by experimental data, and the values thereof are included in DASY. The sub-models were used to assemble the model of an experimental single-cylinder engine which validates the design thereof, makes it possible to optimize its parameters and predict its behavior in different simulated conditions.
Functional Model to Estimate the Inelastic Displacement Ratio
Authors: Ceangu Vlad , Cretu Dan
Published: February 2018

In this paper a functional model to estimate the inelastic displacement ratio as a function of the ductility factor is presented. The coefficients of the functional model are approximated using nonlinear regression. The used data is in the form of computed displacement for an inelastic single degree of freedom system with a fixed ductility factor. The inelastic seismic response spectra of constant ductility factors are used for generating data. A method for selecting ground-motions that have similar frequency content to that of the ones picked for the comparison is presented. The variability of the seismic response of nonlinear single degree of freedom systems with different hysteretic behavior is presented.
Preparation and electrical properties of polyimide/carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Kareem Aseel A.
Published: February 2018

Polyimide/MWCNTs nanocomposites have been fabricated by solution mixing process. In the present study, we have investigated electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of PI/MWCNT nanocomposites in frequency range of 1 kHz to 100 kHz at different MWCNTs concentrations from 0 wt.% to 15 wt.%. It has been observed that the electrical conductivity and dielectric constants are enhanced significantly by several orders of magnitude up to 15 wt.% of MWCNTs content. The electrical conductivity increases as the frequency is increased, which can be attributed to high dislocation density near the interface. The rapid increase in the dielectric constant at a high MWCNTs content can be explained by the formation of a percolative path of the conducting network through the sample for a concentration corresponding to the percolation threshold. The high dielectric constant at a low frequency (1 kHz) is thought to originate from the space charge polarization mechanism. I-V characteristics of these devices indicate a significant increase in current with an increase in multi-walled carbon nanotube concentration in the composites. The SEM images show improved dispersion of MWCNTs in the PI matrix; this is due to the strong interfacial interactions.
Crystal structure of bis(μ3-chlorido)-bis(μ2-chlorido)-tetrakis(μ2-2,6-bis (diphenylmethyl)-4-t-butylphenolato)tetralithium(I)dicobalt(II) toluene solvate, C75.5H70Cl2CoLi2O2
Authors: Bu Donglei , Chen Xiaodan , Meng Miao , Zhu Feifeng , Lei Hao
Published: February 2018

C75.5H70Cl2CoLi2O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 13.1085(7) Å, b = 13.4704(7) Å, c = 18.8367(10) Å, α = 88.604(5)°, β = 88.255(4)°, γ = 68.282(5)°, V = 3088.3(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0666, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1743, T = 150 K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate, C19H17FN2O2
Authors: Tong Sheng-Yue , You Jin-Zong , Zhang Yi-Ping , Wang Zhen-Zhen , Yu Ke-Ji , Hu Qiong , Pan Hui-Juan , Wu Cheng-Jie , Qi De-Qiang
Published: February 2018

C19H17FN2O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.8593(19) Å, b = 10.3322(18) Å, c = 10.9747(19) Å, α = 108.914(18)°, β = 92.931(3)°, γ = 99.544(3)°, V = 826.1(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0431, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1170, T = 296.15 K.
From shrieks to “Stupid poo”: emotive language in a developmental perspective
Authors: Gerholm Tove
Published: February 2018

The aim of this paper is to highlight and describe the forms of verbal emotive utterances that appeared in a longitudinal corpus of 11 Swedish children interacting with parents, siblings and friends. The children were in the ages 0;9 to 5;10 and were recorded four to six times during a two-year period. The verbal emotive expressions of the material are divided into the categories Descriptive versus Accompanying utterances. Descriptive utterances are emotive mainly from semantic conventions, whereas Accompanying utterances are emotive due to prosodic and contextual traits. The categories are illustrated and related to conventions, language development and cognitive growth. By classifying and labeling verbal expressions as emotive in different ways, it is argued that we can gain a better understanding of how language is used when intertwined with emotions, but also that we access a way to compare and investigate emotive language in a more thorough manner.
Postweld Heat Treatment Characterization of Mild Steel (E6013) Welded Areas Using Wavelet Transform of Ultrasonic Testing Signals
Authors: Khan Tariq M. R. , Maqsood Amna , Warraich Saad A. , Khalid Saeed
Published: February 2018

Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a widely used nondestructive testing technique. The research presented here aims to relate UT signal features to the hardness of welded mild steel material that has undergone postweld heat treatment. The weld specimens were heat treated at different temperatures to emulate different levels of postweld heat treatments in the study. Using destructive methods, the hardness of all the specimens, a mechanical property, is computed. The change in the attenuation of UT signals is related to the change in the hardness. Possible classification of the UT signals acquired from weld areas in terms of different levels of postweld heat treatment is also explored using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) technique. The CWT technique has been applied to the raw UT signals to compute the wavelet coefficients. Different candidate wavelets are investigated to decide which wavelet offers the best discriminatory strength between UT signals acquired from the samples with postweld heat treatment of different levels. The resulting empirical relationships between hardness and UT signal features are reported in this research work. These relationships will enable the inspectors to predict the hardness of the weld specimen under test just through in situ UT.
ENCAPSULATION OF ZINC-CHLOROPHYLL DERIVATIVES IN WHEY PROTEIN MATRIX BY EMULSION/COLD-SET GELATION
Authors: Özkan Gülay , Ersus Bilek Seda
Published: February 2018

Encapsulation of spinach zinc-chlorophyll (Zn-chlorophyll) derivatives in whey protein by emulsion/cold-set gelation seems to be a promising alternative method for handling stabilized green natural colorant. The main important parameter was the pH of the emulsion system that caused precipitation of the whey protein. The shape of the microbeads containing 1 and 5% Zn-chlorophyll derivatives were spherical, while microbeads containing 10% Zn-chlorophyll derivatives production concluded with precipitation of whey protein due to reaching isoelectric point (pI= 4.9). Encapsulation efficiency was determined for different loads of active material, whereas, the highest value was obtained for 1% Zn-chlorophyll derivatives containing microbeads. Microbeads with 5% Zn-chlorophyll derivatives showed the best stability for color values (L*=31.25 ± 0.06, a*= -2.91 ± 0.11, and b*= 25.85 ± 0.08), and a 74% protection of the total chlorophyll content was maintained at the end of 3 months of storage at 4 °C.
Disolusi Kapsul Dispersi Padat Piroksikam-PEG 6000 Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Binarjo Annas , Khotimah Husnul
Published: February 2018

Kelarutan piroksikam yang rendah mempengaruhi laju disolusi sebagai penentu bioavaibilitas. Pembuatan dispersi padat dengan piroksikam-polietilenglikol dapan meningkatkan laju disolusinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembentukan dispersi padat piroksikam- polietilenglikol 6000 (PEG 6000) terhadap laju disolusi kapsul piroksikam selama 1 bulan penyimpanan. Rekristal piroksikam (R) dan dispersi padat piroksikam-PEG 6000 (DP) dibuat dengan metode pelarut menggunakan campuan aseton-etanol (1:1), keduanya bersama dengan piroksikam tanpa modifikasi (P) dikapsul dan disimpan selama 1 bulan. Uji disolusi dilakukan setiap minggu. Efisiensi disolusi 60 menit (DE60), prosentase disolusi 45 menit (C45), dan waktu untuk 80% terdisolusi (t80) digunakan sebagai parameter disolusi. Kurva hubungan DE60, C45, dan t80 terhadap waktu penyimpanan dilihat slope-nya sebagai parameter stabilitas. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa Kapsul P dan DP menunjukkannilai DE60, C45, dan t80 yang stabil selama penyimpanan (slope=0, p>0.05), demikian juga nilai t80 kapsul R. Sedangkan DE60 dan C45 kapsul R selama penyimpanan terus menurun dengan slope -0,636 %/hari dan -0,171 mg/hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa DP yang dibuat dengan metode pelarut campuran aseton dan etanol (1:1) menunjukkan profil disolusi yang stabil selama penyimpanan 1 bulan.
Peningkatan Kelarutan dan Laju Disolusi Glimepirid Melalui Metode Kokristalisasi
Authors: Darusman Fitrianti , Soewandhi Sundani N , Mauludin Rachmat
Published: February 2018

Telah dilakukan kokristalisasi glimepirid (GMP) dengan asam oksalat (AO) menggunakan metode penggilingan dan pelarutan (menggunakan pelarut aseton). Diagram fase sistem biner GMP-AO digunakan untuk identifikasi awal pembentukan interaksi antar kedua komponen serta ditegaskan kembali dengan analisis mikroskopik menggunakan alat pemanas (hot stage) yang dihubungkan dengan mikroskop polarisasi. Padatan hasil kokristalisasi dikarakterisasi dengan metode analisis termal (Differential Scanning Calorymetry), difraktometri sinar-X serbuk (Powder X-Ray Diffraction), spektrofotometri inframerah (Fourier Transform-Infra Red) dan mikroskopi (Scanning Electron Microscope). Hasil identifikasi dan karakterisasi menunjukkan interaksi eutektik antara kedua fase kristalin GMP-AO dalam keadaan padat pada perbandingan molar 3:7, dengan titik eutektik pada temperatur 128,7°C. Selanjutnya, uji kelarutan dan laju disolusinya menggunakan media dapar fosfat pH 7,4. Kelarutan dan laju disolusi GMP hasil kokristalisasi meningkat dibandingkan dengan campuran fisika dan senyawa tunggalnya.Kata kunci : glimepirid, kokristalisasi, eutektik, kelarutan dan laju disolusi.
Pengembangan Formula Nano-fitosom Serbuk Liofilisasi Seduhan Teh Hitam (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze)
Authors: Husni Patihul , Puspitaningrum Kartika
Published: February 2018

Nano-fitosom merupakan suatu teknologi nano yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan bioavailabilitas bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam tanaman dengan cara mengikat bahan aktif dengan fosfolipid yang memiliki sifat mirip dengan membran sel. Nano-fitosom dibuat dengan mencampurkan fitokonstituen dan fosfatidilkolin dalam perbandingan molar tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula nano-fitosom serbuk liofilisasi seduhan teh hitam (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze). Nano-fitosom diformulasikan dengan membuat tiga variasi perbandingan katekin:fosfatidilkolin:kolesterol mulai dari 1:1:0,2 (F1), 1:2:0,2 (F2), dan 1:3:0,2 (F3) dengan menggunakan metode refluks. Evaluasi nano-fitosom meliputi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, dan efisiensi penjerapan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel nano-fitosom sekitar 52,1-101,9 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas 0,309-0,404. Efisiensi penjerapan berkisar antara 6,7266%-11,4317%. Formula nano-fitosom dengan efisiensi penjerapan yang paling baik yaitu F3 dengan perbandingan molar katekin:fosfatidilkolin:kolesterol 1:3:0,2 dengan ukuran partikel sebesar 52,1±12,5 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,320 dan efisiensi penjerapan 11,4317±0,3153%. Analisis data menggunakan One-Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi fosfatidilkolin terhadap efisiensi penjerapan secara signifikan (p < 0,05).Kata kunci: nano-fitosom, fosfatidilkolin, serbuk liofilisasi, teh hitam (Camellia sinensis)
Optimasi Konsentrasi Etil Selulosa dan Lama Pengadukan dalam Preparasi Microspheres Metformin Hidroklorida
Authors: Sukmaningrum Ninda , Sari Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala , Irawan Eka Deddy
Published: February 2018

Metformin hidroklorida (MH) merupakan obat pilihan pertama yang digunakan dalam terapi diabetes mellitus tipe 2, namun dapat menimbulkan efek samping pada saluran pencernaan sehingga MH tepat dipreparasi menjadi sediaan microspheres. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil preparasi microspheres di antaranya adalah konsentrasi etil selulosa (EC) dan lama pengadukan yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi terbaik konsentrasi EC dan lama pengadukan yang dapat menghasilkan microspheres MH-EC dengan entrapment efficiency (EE) tertinggi menggunakan optimasi desain faktorial. MH digunakan sebagai bahan aktif, EC digunakan sebagai polimer serta non-aqueous solvent evaporation method sebagai teknik yang dipilih dalam preparasi microspheres. Hasilnya microspheres yang menggunakan konsentrasi EC sebanyak 4.500 mg dan lama pengadukan selama 2 jam menghasilkan EE sebesar 84,6 ± 0,557% dengan nilai verifikasi EE sebesar 98,1%, drug loading sebesar 12,7 ± 0,173% dan yield sebesar 95,1 ± 0,612%. Microspheres memiliki bentuk sferis dan morfologi permukaan yang relatif halus dan cerah serta ukuran partikel sebesar 173,8 ± 4,41µm. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perubahan gugus fungsi spesifik pada MH sebagai bahan aktif. Kata kunci:    microspheres, metformin hidroklorida, etil selulosa
Influence of grasslands management on diversity of the diurnal butterflies of Vlkolínec Village (Central Slovakia)
Authors: Babálová M. , Štrbová E.
Published: February 2018

During 2011–2012, the research of diurnal butterfly communities in ten study sites under different management measures in the vicinity of the village of Vlkolínec was performed. The village of Vlkolínec is located in the northern part of Central Slovakia in the buffer zone of the Veľká Fatra National Park. Abandoned meadows and fallows are prevailing in the study area, thus, traditional management is gradually disappearing, which results in ecosystems changing and decline of biodiversity. Adults were recorded by the modified transect method (Erhardt, 1985) in the following types of habitats: extensive and intensive pasture, old fallow lands of various successional stages and fallow lands exploited by mulching. Shannon-Weaver index of diversity (H) and equitability (e) were used for estimation of the quantitative and qualitative structure of the butterfly assemblages. To study the impact of anthropogenic factor (mulching, pasture and abandonment) on the butterfly diversity multivariable statistical methods (CANOCO 4.5 software) were used. Summarily, 2314 individuals of 63 species were sampled. The most of species were classified into the Nymphalidae family. During two-year research the highest values for number of species and diversity indices were recorded in the grasslands of late successional stages and extensive pastures. The highest number of grassland indicators and protected species, such as Limenitis populi, Melitaea aurelia, M. diamina, Polyommatus bellargus, P. daphnis, P. thersites, Thymelicus acteon and two European important species Phengaris arion and P. rebeli, were recorded in those habitats. Intensification of landscape leads to sterile grasslands, which are the unsuitable habitats for butterflies, and the main reason of negative effect of intensive grazing is a change of vegetation structure, which is the factor most of stenotopic butterflies are negatively correlated with. Extensive management has a positive impact on the assemblages of daily butterflies and landscape biodiversity, as the RDA analysis has shown for some of the localities studied where we found positive correlation of many specialized and indicator species (such as Pyrgus malvae, Polyommatus dorylas, P. thersites, P. bellargus, Melitaea aurelia). The RDA analysis has also indicated positive impact of succession on the butterfly diversity. Our results prove that intensive management, such as long-term mulching and intensive pasture, has negative impact on the abundance and structure of butterfly assemblages. Extensive pastures and old fallow lands represent important habitats of the country, however, their importance is often overlooked.
Peculiarities of manganese and lead distribution in soils of Samara Dniprovska river valley ecosystems
Authors: Tagunova Ye. O.
Published: February 2018

Microelemental characteristics of the edaphotopes of A. L. Belgard Prysamarsky International Biospheric Station (Dnieper Prisamaria region, Ukraine) by example of forb-fescue-stipa steppe and lime-ash oakery of the central floodplain are presented. The content and patterns of distribution of Manganese and Lead in soil profiles were researched.
Multivariate comparison of trophic networks of grassland ecosystems
Authors: Buzhdygan O. Y. , Rudenko S. S.
Published: February 2018

This article compares 13 network properties of food webs of 31 Ukrainian grasslands. The properties are: network size N, trophic link number L, trophic classes Cl, system connectance C, link density LD, total system throughflow TST, network cycling FCI, ascendency AS, developmental capacity DC, indirect effects dominance IE, system aggradation AI, system synergism SI, and mutualism MI. Our results show these properties are highly correlated and can be aggregated into the three latent factors. The first factor includes N, TST, AS, DC, SI, L, and LD, where network size N appears to be a central defining variable. The second latent factor includes FCI, AI, and Cl, and is driven by indirect effects dominance IE.  The third factor includes mutualism MI and connectance C, the last being the driving variable. Network Synergism SI is negatively correlated with the other network properties, while all others are positively intercorrelated. Network connectance appears to be a scale invariant property, while link density is highly sensitive to network size. Our data also show that network mutualism MI is more tied to the network complexity than simply to system scale or number of feeding links.
An importance of soil humidification in forming of avifauna of arboreal plantation in the Biosphere reserve «Askania Nova» (un-reproductive period)
Authors: Listopadsky M. A.
Published: February 2018

With gradient analysis investigated the role of soil moisture in the formation of the modern population of birds in the reserve forest plantations. Soil moisture was divided into seven grades. For this purpose used grass cover and the coefficient of local moistening. His proposed PhD L. P. Travleev. This method allows knowing the degree of influence of soil moisture at the birds. We analyzed birds species composition, population, placement in space and power of influence factors (soil moisture). Investigations were carried out on the territory of the Biosphere Reserve «Askania Nova». We studied the birds which live in the reserve at the end of the summer, autumn and winter. This happened from 2006 to 2013 years. Specially was studied as permanently specific form of birds is found in a particular humidity. The degree of coupling was studied using the amount of information that transmits to the local bird humidification. For 68 species of birds are the options of the population density, coefficient koligatsii and data communication with the seven variants of soil moisture. For all kinds of set information «price» of each option dampening that contributes to the formation of a particular community of birds. Thus, the defined contribution to the formation of soil moisture forest bird communities. Species representation and density gradient within the test moisture is not in direct linear relationship from moisture and ranges from 11 (very coldly) to 50 species (moist soil). The density of the community varies from 0,5 birds / hectare (very dry) to 269 birds / hectare (fresh soil). The strongest link between the information and the formation of moisture gradient structure avifauna is typical in a fresh soil – bird on the edge, and wet – forest representatives. These types of humidification function is performed starting in the formation of two major blocks dendrophilous community. The steppe birds give way to forest representatives when the soil slightly moist. The main conclusion of our study includes the following: than wetter the soil the more species of birds lives in the forest; some graduation humidity are the most important for separate species of birds; it is very important for birds, there are places where one can drink water. Further invasive alien species can occur where the soil is moist. Forest with dry soil is already fully occupied by birds.
Collective monograph dedicated to the results of 65-year long research of natural and artificial biogeocoenoses under the conditions of steppe by collective of the complex expedition of Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University
Authors: Tsaryk Y. V. , Parpan V. I. , Nykyforov V. V. , Tsaryk I. Y.
Published: February 2018

The monograph consists of 13 original articles, considering history of the complex expedition, fundamental data of soil micromorphology, content of heavy metals in it, physical and chemical properties of the soils under the steppe conditions. It is ascertained the role of light structure in the formation of artificial forest plantations; the results of grass community research are given as well. Floral and coenotic structures of wetland ecosystems of the Samara river basin and the water regime of forest and steppe biogeocoenoses of Prysamarya are described. The role of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies in the structure of steppe biogeocoenoses of Ukraine is characterized. The bases for biogeocoenological ways of forest restoration of devastated lands as well as information about the diversity of Oribatida mites in West Donbas are presented.  The collective monograph in memoriam for Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Corresponding member of NAS Ukraine A. P. Travleyev, which has passed away in September 2016, is necessary for the scientific staff, lecturers, postgraduate students, biology students, ecologists, and forest, water and agriculture personnel.
ESTADOS UNIDOS EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA PAZ EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Rojas Diana Marcela
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo plantea que la participación de Estados Unidos en el actual proceso de construcción de paz, le da continuidad a la política de intervención de Washington en el conflicto armado colombiano desarrollada desde finales de los años noventa. En virtud de ello, la potencia del norte sigue teniendo una influencia directa en asuntos que conciernen tanto al establecimiento de las condiciones necesarias, como a la orientación del proceso mismo de posconflicto en el país.
MEDIOAMBIENTE Y DIVERSIDAD EN EL ACTIVISMO LEGAL TRANSNACIONAL. AGENDAS Y REDES DE PRESIÓN EN EL SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Hincapié Sandra , López Jairo Antonio
Published: February 2018

Este artículo analiza el activismo legal transnacional de redes de acción colectiva regionales ante el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. A partir de la construcción de una base de información empírica sobre el activismo de las organizaciones no gubernamentales que participan en el Sistema Interamericano, identificamos las trayectorias, actores relevantes, estrategias de movilización y repertorios que impulsan las redes transnacionales. Demostramos cómo las redes de organizaciones en defensa de derechos relacionados con el medioambiente y la diversidad sexual han conseguido establecer vínculos sólidos y coordinados regionalmente, promoviendo novedosas agendas con incidencia continental, buscando generar la inclusión de nuevos temas de derechos humanos en las prioridades internacionales.
Manejo biológico del tamo de arroz bajo diferentes relaciones C:N empleando co-inóculos microbianos y promotores de crecimiento vegetal
Authors: Cruz-Ramírez Carlos Alberto , Gómez-Ramírez Luis Fernando , Uribe-Vélez Daniel
Published: February 2018

El tamo de arroz es uno de los residuos agrícolas lignocelulósicos más abundantes en el planeta, luego de los residuos producidos por los cultivos de maíz y trigo, con una producción mundial estimada de 1000 millones de toneladas según estadísticas de la FAO. En el contexto de la agricultura moderna es determinante lograr un manejo ambientalmente sostenible de este recurso mediante su incorporación al suelo, de tal forma que se logre el reciclaje de nutrientes, evitando la incorporación de patógenos al sistema y la inmovilización de elementos como el nitrógeno por la comunidad microbiana. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en la evaluación de un inoculo microbiano mixto a partir de productos comerciales basados en hongos del género Trichoderma y bacterias aerobias formadoras de endosporas, con potencial degradador del tamo de arroz, así como el empleo de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal al momento de la siembra, que pudieran aprovechar los nutrientes del proceso de descomposición del tamo de arroz, potenciando su actividad biológica. Los tratamientos fueron evaluados bajo diferentes relaciones C:N del tamo de arroz que favorecieran el proceso de degradación, mediante la adición de nitrógeno inorgánico. Los resultados del trabajo permitieron identificar que la aplicación de una enmienda de nitrógeno a una relación C:N 35 más una dosis adicional de urea al momento de la siembra de las semillas de arroz, fue el tratamiento más adecuado para potenciar el efecto de los microorganismos e incrementar las variables agronómicas obtenidas mediante un esquema de fertilización convencional del cultivo.
Aislamiento e identificación de levaduras degradadoras de hidrocarburos aromáticos, presentes en tanques de gasolina de vehículos urbanos
Authors: Delgadillo-Ordoñez Nathalia Catalina , Posada-Suárez Leonardo Ruiz , Marcelo Elkin , Cepeda-Hernández Matha Lucia , Sánchez-Nieves Jimena
Published: February 2018

Se obtuvieron aislamientos de levaduras a partir de muestreos en tanques de combustible de vehículos urbanos, con el objeto de evaluar su potencial actividad de degradación de hidrocarburos aromáticos derivados del petróleo. Se realizaron ensayos de crecimiento en medio mínimo mineral sólido utilizando distintos hidrocarburos (benceno, tolueno, naftaleno, fenantreno, y pireno). Los aislamientos que presentaron crecimiento notorio en alguno de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos fueron identificados mediante secuenciación Sanger de los marcadores moleculares ITS1 e ITS2 del ARNr. Se obtuvieron 16 aislados de levaduras, de las cuales tres presentaron crecimiento conspicuo con hidrocarburos aromáticos como única fuente de carbono. Las cepas identificadas pertenecen al género Rhodotorula y corresponden a las especies Rhodotorula calyptogenae (99,8% de identidad) y Rhodotorula dairenensis (99,8% de identidad). Dichas cepas presentaron crecimiento en benceno, tolueno, naftaleno, fenantreno.  En este estudio se reporta por primera vez la presencia de levaduras del género Rhodotorula que habitan los ductos y tanques de gasolina de vehículos urbanos, así como su capacidad para utilizar distintos hidrocarburos aromáticos que son contaminantes para el medio ambiente. Estos resultados sugieren que dichas levaduras constituyen potenciales candidatos para la degradación de éstos compuestos, como parte de estrategias de biorremediación.
Endogenous IL-33 Contributes to Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury as an Alarmin
Authors: Ferhat Maroua , Robin Aurélie , Giraud Sébastien , Sena Sandra , Goujon Jean-Michel , Touchard Guy , Hauet Thierry , Girard Jean-Philippe , Gombert Jean-Marc , Herbelin André , Thierry Antoine
Published: February 2018

Inflammation is a prominent feature of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is characterized by leukocyte infiltration and renal tubular injury. However, signals that initiate these events remain poorly understood. We examined the role of the nuclear alarmin IL-33 in tissue injury and innate immune response triggered by experimental kidney ischemia-reperfusion. In wild-type mice, we found that IL-33 was constitutively expressed throughout the kidney in peritubular and periglomerular spaces, mainly by microvascular endothelial cells, from which it was released immediately during IRI. Compared with wild-type mice, mice lacking IL-33 (IL-33Gt/Gt) exhibited reductions in early tubular cell injury and subsequent renal infiltration of IFN-γ/IL-17A–producing neutrophils, with preservation of renal functions. This protection associated with decreased renal recruitment of myeloid dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, the latter of which were reported as deleterious in IRI. Increases in the level of circulating IL-12, a key IL-33 cofactor, and the expression of ST2, an IL-33–specific receptor, on the surface of iNKT cells preceded the IL-33– and iNKT cell–dependent phase of neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, IL-33 directly targeted iNKT cells in vitro, inducing IFN-γ and IL-17A production. We propose that endogenous IL-33 is released as an alarmin and contributes to kidney IRI by promoting iNKT cell recruitment and cytokine production, resulting in neutrophil infiltration and activation at the injury site. Our findings show a novel molecular mediator contributing to innate immune cell recruitment induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion and may provide therapeutic insights into AKI associated with renal transplantation.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the prevention of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Bockeria L A , Neminushchiy N M , Mikhaylichenko S I , Novichkov S A , Achkasov E E
Published: February 2018

The article highlights the role of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. It considers the results of multicenter studies comparing the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs and implantable devices in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death, including that in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and discusses quality of life in patients with ICDs.
Alirocoumab: new perspectives of lipid-lowering therapy
Authors: Kobalava Zh D , Villevalde S V , Vorobyeva M A
Published: February 2018

Alirocoumab (Praluent) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against proprotein covertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). The data of ODYSSEY Phases II and III clinical trials demonstrate the high efficacy of alirocoumab in lowering the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, with a considerable advantage over control groups (placebo, ezetimibe or modified statin therapy) in both monotherapy and combination therapy with statins and other lipid-lowering agents. Alirocoumab provides additional lipid-lowering effects against other atherogenic fractions of cholesterol, including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a). The agent show high safety and good tolerability and it can be considered as the drug of choice for patients who have not reached their target LDL cholesterol levels after statin therapy and have statin intolerance and familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia. There are now the preliminary results of a secondary analysis of data from the ODYSSEY LONG TERM study, suggesting that alirocoumab therapy may be accompanied by a lower risk of cardiovascular events. The final results will be provided after the data of a study of cardiovascular outcomes after therapy with alirocoumab versus placebo (ODYSSEY OUTCOMES) are published.
The clinical efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy with water-salt extracts and adjuvant allergens for atopic asthma with household sensitization
Authors: Ushakova D V , Nikonov E L
Published: February 2018

Aim. To evaluate the clinical and economic efficiency of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT); to comparatively analyze the efficiency of various therapy regimens for atopic asthma. Subjects and methods. The clinical and economic efficiency of asthma therapy using ASIT with water-salt allergen extracts or the adjuvant drug alustal “mite allergen” and only with medicines were comparatively analyzed. The investigation enrolled 156 patients with mild and moderate atopic asthma, household allergy. In Group 1 (n = 57), ASIT was performed using the classical scheme by subcutaneous injection of house dust mite allergen (JSC “I.I. Mechnikov Biomed”, Russia). In Group 2 (n = 43), ASIT was conducted using the alustal “mite allergen” (Stallergenes, France). Group 3 (n = 56) received only medical therapy. Results. ASIT with both water-salt allergen extracts and the adjuvant allergen alustal is an effective treatment for mild and moderate atopic asthma. ASIT greatly reduces the need for anti-inflammatory treatment and the use of symptomatic drugs and improves the physical and psychoemotional indicators of quality of life in patients. The economic benefit of ASIT is delayed, but its use significantly reduces financing costs. Conclusion. ASIT is a reasonable, highly effective and ultimately cost-effective treatment in patients with atopic asthma. A variety of drugs for ASIT can choose schemes that are convenient and acceptable for each patient, which allows wider use of this treatment.
Characteristics of the course of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease concurrent with duodenal insufficiency
Authors: Busygina M S , Vakhrushev Ya M
Published: February 2018

Aim. To comprehensively study the course of gastric ulcer disease (GUD) and duodenal ulcer disease (DUD) concurrent with chronic duodenal insufficiency (CDI). Materials and methods. Ulcer disease (UD) was verified on the basis of the results of clinical and fibrogastroduodenoscopic examinations. The data of contrast duodenography and cavitary manometry were used to identify CDI. Gastroduodenal motor activity was investigated using the peripheral electrogastrograph EGG-4M. The results of pH measurements were employed to assess the state of gastric acid secretion and duodenal pH values. Results. A comprehensive examination was made in 106 patients with UD concurrent with CDI (a study group) and 30 UD patients without CDI (a comparison group). Epigastric pain was noted in the patients with GUD in the study and comparison groups (91.5 and 84.6%, respectively), but the pain was mainly aching in the patients with concomitant CDI and more intense (77.8%) in those without this condition. In the study group, heartburn was more common in patients with GUD and DUD (75.3 and 71.4%, respectively) than in those with UD in the comparison group (28.5 and 37.5%, respectively). Helicobacter pylori tests were positive in 23.8% of the patients in the study group and in 57.2% in the comparison group. Electrogastrography indicated that the patients with GUD and CDI had bradygastria and hypokinesis on an empty stomach; the electrical activity was reduced after eating. In the comparison group, tachygastria and hyperkinesis were detected on an empty stomach; these postprandial indicators were elevated. H. pylori tests were positive in 34.7% of the patients with DUD and CDI and in 63.6% of those with DUD without CDI. The postprandial electrical activity increased in patients with DUD and decreased in the comparison group. The specific features of changes in gastric and duodenal pH values in GUD and DUD concurrent with CDI in comparison with the isolated course of UD. Conclusion. The immediate and long-term follow-ups show that GUD and DUD concurrent with CDI run a more persistent course; the time of ulcer healing increases and the periods of remission decrease.
Effect of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor on the plasma concentration of cytokines and vasoactive molecules in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension
Authors: Khadartsev A A , Logatkina A V , Terekhov I V , Bondar S S , Bondar N V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To investigate the plasma concentrations of cytokines and vasoactive molecules in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the presence of hypertension in relation to the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor level reflecting the degree of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition. Subjects and methods. 72 patients with NYHA functional class (FC) II-III angina pectoris and 40 healthy persons at the age of 47-65 years were examined in a controlled cohort study. Enzyme immunoassay was employed to determine the serum concentrations of interleukins (IL) (IL-2, IL-12, IL-17A, and IL-24), the vasoactive molecules of bradykinin, serotonin, ACE, angiotensin-II (AT-II), NO, and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and plasma renin activity. In addition, the plasma level of the tetrapeptide N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro was used as a marker for ACE inhibition. Results. The patients with CHD occurring in the presence of hypertension compared with the apparently healthy individuals displayed decreased ET-1 and NO production along with elevated levels of serotonin, AT-II, as well as IL-17A and IL-12. The found changes were accompanied by reduced renin activity. Thus, the individuals with low ACE inhibitor levels showed more pronounced production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A, as well as high plasma concentrations of ACE and NO. The high ACE inhibitor level that reflects patient adherence to appropriate antihypertensive therapy is associated with the reduced production of IL-2 and with the minimum serum levels of ACE, AT-II, and NO, being characterized by the high production of IL-12 and serotonin at the same time. Conclusion. In patients with CHD and hypertension, the high plasma enzyme inhibitor concentration that reflects the activity of appropriate antihypertensive therapy, by contributing to the strengthening of the mechanisms of relaxation of blood vessels, is associated with the risk for proinflammatory activation of whole blood cells and platelets. The mean ACE inhibitor levels that reflect moderate RAAS suppression and are characterized by a relatively low proinflammatory activation of mononuclear cells may be more preferable than the maximum ones, from the point of view of slowing the progression of the subclinical inflammatory process of the vascular wall and preventing possible CHD exacerbations. This determines the feasibility of estimating the plasma level of an ACE inhibitor to control the depth of inhibition of RAAS activity.
Claiming Damages where Dividends remain Unpaid: A Contribution towards a More Balanced Approach in South Africa
Authors: Kilian Cornelius G , Snyman-Van Deventer Elizabeth
Published: February 2018

In the matter between Sumiseki Materials Co Ltd v Wambo Coal Pty Ltd 2013 NSWSC 235 (25 Mar 2013) the Supreme Court of New South Wales had to decide on the legal difficulty arising from unpaid dividends. The Court was required to decide whether a shareholder has a right to a predetermined annual dividend. The principles applied by the Supreme Court entailed estoppel (common law), minority oppression (company law) and contractual law principles. Although the principles of estoppel were relevant, these fall outside the ambit of this article concerning unpaid dividends. The Supreme Court cited approximately 40 cases and considered 5000 pages of documentary evidence pertaining to the contractual right to a predetermined dividend. Although the latter seems applicable and relevant to the South African corporate law environment, South African case law does not support it. Besides a contractual right, this article also investigates the Oxford Legal Group case in establishing at least an implied right (based on the doctrine of proper purpose) to claim an undeclared dividend or unauthorised dividend that is contrary to the board of directors discretion not to authorise any dividends. Both these cases argue when and why a court should interfere in company resolutions in striking a better balance between a right to a dividend and a company's discretionary power not to recommend or declare a dividend.
ICC/IF Protocol v1
Authors: Xia Cj
Published: February 2018

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a method that combines biochemical, histological and immunological techniques into a simple but powerful assay for protein detection. IHC provides valuable information as it visualizes the distribution and localization of specific cellular components within cells and in proper tissue context. This protocol describes the steps for performing ICC/IF.
MARKOV CHAIN AS A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF BUILDING STRUCTURE WORKING UNDER LOAD
Authors: DAVYDOV Andrey N.
Published: February 2018

Markov process as a probabilistic method for evaluation of the reliability of constructions is considered. The essence of the building structure transition from one state to another, from the infl uence of external factors is disassembled. The transition matrix as an analytical model of Markov chains to evaluate the reliability of the building structure is analyzed. Transition probability as a numerical characteristic of a mathematical model of the Markov chain is considered. A mathematical model of a building structure under load is described. Formulation of the problem to determine the assessment of the reliability performance of the building structure is proposed.
DYNAMIC LOAD ON CYLINDER SURGE TANKS OF DIVERSION HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS UNDER SEISMIC IMPACT
Authors: SENITSKU Yury E. , BALZANNIKOV Mikhail I. , MIKHASEK Andrey A.
Published: February 2018

The necessity of construction of surge tanks for diversion hydroelectric power stations with pressure derivation is substantiated in the article. These tanks as a part of water-conveyance headrace are essential to protect a long pressure tunnel from pressure boost under hydraulic shock and in consequence from additional charges for tunnel walls underpinning. It is to be noted that diversion hydroelectric power stations are often erected in mountainous area and surge tanks are situated on the turning point of water-conveyance headrace. This position allows to lower surge tank and to keep construction costs down. The examples show that it is preferable to construct surge tanks on the surface of the earth. It is to be noted that these structures constructive elements are exposed to static water pressure and water dynamic load due to water fl ow control through aggregates under power consumption changes of hydroelectric power station . At the same time in mountainous area surge tanks can also be exposed to dynamic loads because of seismic impact. The article gives the solution for determination of impulse and convective components of hydrodynamic pressure at vertical walls of metal cylinder tank in the case of horizontal seismic impact. The proposed solution clarifi es well-known calculation methods and allows to perform an accurate design calculation of potential loads and to choose necessary geometric parameters that ensure tank reliability.
CONSTRUCTIONAL FIRE PROTECTION OF STEEL SIN BEAMS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Authors: ILYIN Nikolay A. , PANFILOV Denis A. , ILDIYAROV Evgeny V. , LUKIN Alexey O.
Published: February 2018

The paper proposes an original method of determining of indicators of building fi re safety in regards to guaranteed resistance time for steel fi re-retardant SIN beams in conditions of standard fi re testing, evaluation of fi re-resistance design limits for steel fi re-retardant SIN beams during buildings design, construction and management, and cost saving during testing of steel structures for fi re-resistance. Operational benefi ts are obtained by non-destructive testing. Fire-resistance of fi re-retardant elements of SIN beam (corrugated wall, upper and lower beam fl anges) is evaluated by revealing of the most strong element of welded I beam.
INNOVATIVE URBAN DESIGN METHODOLOGY IN THESIS PROJECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL FACULTY
Authors: VALSHIN Rasim M. , DANILOVA Elina V.
Published: February 2018

The article is devoted to the features of urban planning decisions in thesis projects in the context of modern urbanization and sustainable development. The issues of local and global factors interaction in the cities are viewed as the essential prerequisite for sustainable urban environment. The article gives ground of the concept of innovation in urban development, it focuses on the search for optimal solutions to reconcile urban differences and for a better way out of urban conflicts. The article pays attention to the essence of urban innovations as tools and design methods, ensuring the balance of influencing factors and offering urban planning balanced decisions. Given examples of masters theses illustrate the principles of urban planning taken in the author`s workshop.
GERMAN AERIAL PHOTOTOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF KUIBYSHEV (SAMARA) AS A SOURCE OF IMAGERY OF MILITARY CITY DEVELOPMENT PERIOD
Authors: KOTENKO Irina A.
Published: February 2018

The article analyses recently appeared in the Net aerial phototopographic survey of Kuibyshev (Samara) made by the German Luftwaff e in 1942 -1944 years. This survey is of interest to study Kuibyshev history and urban development in military period. The author gives information about the organization of German aerial surveillance and about fl ying squadrons that took aerial photos of the city. Aerial surveillance special att ention was paid to defense aircraft enterprises. Aerial survey and city maps made on its basis give us knowledge about urban development of a new industrial part of the city - Besymyanka. The photos permit to determine the boundaries and the plan of military Kuibyshev, location of industry zones and workers sett lements, particularly urban development type. Photos annotations indicate dates, altitude and time of day. On the base of aerial phototopographic survey maps and miniatures were made. The author conclusion confi rms the high reliability of the maps based on aerial photography as sources of city development studies.
ELECTRIC POWER QUALITY IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS OF BOILER STATIONS AND HEATING SUBSTATIONS USING PUMPS OPERATED BY VARIABLE-FREQUENCY DRIVE
Authors: ARTYUKHOV Ivan I. , MOLOT Svetlana V.
Published: February 2018

Power electronics devices are widespread in diff erent engineering systems for housing and public utilities. But they have negative impacts on the power source. A typical example is using of the pumps, operated by variable frequency drive, in boiler stations and heating substations. The using helps both the energy savings and the electric power quality declination. If boiler station is supplied by emergency generator the electric power quality declination signifi cantly increases. Electric power quality parameters are analyzed using a simulation model, built in MATLAB/Simulink, in diff erent situations. The recommendations to ensure the specifi ed electric power quality in the electric power system are created.