bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW PERSPECTIVES ON OLD IDEAS IN HEARING
SCIENCE: INTRALABYRINTHINE PRESSURE,
TENOTOMY, AND RESONANCE
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: May 2021

It is natural to think that hearing science progresses linearly, making new discoveries and opening up fresh vistas. But it doesn’t always happen that way, and false starts are not uncommon. Here a brief survey is made of ideas about the mechanics of the middle ear and cochlea that
appeared before 1900 but which have now, after a period of neglect, attracted renewed attention. Luminaries of 19th-century otology – Helmholtz and Weber-Liel – are used to illustrate the case. Three of their ideas – the mode of action of the middle ear muscles, the role of intralabyrinthine pressure, and resonance in the cochlea – were central to their thinking but for various reasons were later set aside. Notably, however, some old perspectives – such as the value of tenotomy in Meniere’s disease – appear consistent with recent suggestions. Another discovery
of modern science – Piezo1, a piezoelectric channel protein shaped like a propeller – strengthens the idea that pressure-sensing is crucial to
cochlear function and indeed that Helmholtz’s original resonance theory might still have merit.
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF
HIGH FREQUENCY WORD LISTS IN NEPALI
Authors: Ghimire Anup , Prabhu Prashanth , Bhattarai Bebek , Neupane Anuj
Published: May 2021

Background

Speech is a stimulus with high redundancy because the information in it is conveyed in several ways simultaneously. Because
of redundancy, a regular speech identification test is largely insensitive to identifying high frequency hearing loss in a subject. The present
study aimed to develop and standardise a word list in the Nepali language in which the selected words have elevated high frequency content.

Material and Methods

The study was conducted in three phases. The first stage was to develop a high frequency word list, which was completed by gathering familiar bisyllabic words, recording them, and then selecting words dominant in high frequencies. In stage 2, the developed word list was administered to 100 individuals with normal hearing. In stage 3, the final lists were administered to 10 individuals with
simulated high frequency hearing loss in order to determine the usefulness of the list. Finally, 7 psychometrically equivalent word lists with
20 words per list were developed.

Results

Normal hearing individuals showed Speech Identification Scores of more than 95% whereas in the case of the simulated high frequency loss group, significantly poorer speech identification scores were obtained.

Conclusions

This present study standardised high frequency word lists in Nepali and all the lists were validated in subjects with simulated
high frequency hearing loss. Hence, this can be used as a standard high frequency word list in the Nepali population.
A RARE CASE OF A PNEUMOPAROTID
Authors: Miłoński Jarosław , Kolary Katarzyna , Spencer Shikha , Olszewski Jurek
Published: May 2021

Introduction

There are many reasons for an increase in volume of the salivary glands, including inflammatory changes due to infection, autoimmune and allergic reactions, endocrine disorder, tumor, or injury.

Aim

Presentation of a rare case of a pneumoparotid

Case report

A 54-year-old patient was admitted to the department for diagnosis of a nodular swelling in the area of the left parotid gland.
The swelling had appeared about 3 weeks earlier, initially with pain, and had gradually increased in size. He denied head or neck injury,
problems with chewing or swallowing food, or a dry mouth. Laryngological examination revealed swelling of the cheek in the left preauricular area, palpably soft, oval-shaped (about 20 x 15 mm), slightly painful when pressed, non-fluctuant, and with no associated skin changes.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and contrast CT scan of the neck revealed a pneumoparotid on the left side. After decompression of the pneumoparotid, conservative treatment (a pressure dressing) was applied in an outpatient mode. Due to lack of therapeutic effect, the patient was
qualified for surgical excision of the left pneumoparotid.

Conclusions

A pneumoparotid of the salivary glands is a rare pathology affecting the parotid glands and is associated with an increase in intraoral
pressure. Treatment is primarily avoidance of the triggering factor and pressure dressings, but sometimes surgery is necessary. The pathology in most
cases does not cause permanent damage to the salivary glands and the effects of treatment are good.
HEARING THRESHOLDS OF OTOLOGICALLY HEALTHY
18-YEAR-OLDS
Authors: de Beer Brechtje , Graamans Kees , Zielhuis Gerhard , Snik Ad
Published: May 2021

Objective

To determine mean hearing thresholds for 18-year-old, otologically healthy subjects

Study design

Prospective historical cohort study

Methods

As part of a follow-up study of a birth cohort, followed from age 2 to 18 years, meticulous otological examination
including history-taking, otoscopy, and audiometry were available. At age 18, both air-conduction thresholds (0.25 kHz to 8
kHz and 8 kHz to 16 kHz) and bone-conduction thresholds (0.5 kHz to 4 kHz) were measured. Subjects of this cohort were
defined as otologically healthy if they had not experienced substantial otitis media in childhood.

Results

On both ends of the frequency range of air-conduction testing, measured thresholds deviated statistically significantly from the ISO 389 reference zero. The air-conduction thresholds were comparable to data presented in the literature. Furthermore, a misfit with the ISO 389 reference was found at 2 and 3 kHz for bone-conduction testing. Only the mean boneconduction thresholds at 0.5 kHz and 4 kHz were not significantly different from the ISO 389 reference zero. To explain the
deviations at high frequencies, noise exposure was considered but thought unlikely

Conclusions

This study cohort seems to be the best representative sample so far of otologically healthy subjects due to the
longitudinal study of their otological status. Mean hearing thresholds at age 18 are different from the ISO 389 reference zero,
suggesting once more the need to revise this ISO norm.
THE EFFECT OF HEARING LOSS ON THE SIBLING
RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Sahli A. , Belgin Erol
Published: May 2021

Aim

The aim of the study was to analyze the brother or sister bond in individuals whose siblings have hearing loss, and to see
whether variables such as age, sex, age-difference of siblings, and family characteristic affected the relationship.

Material and Methods

This study included 20 individuals who had normal-hearing siblings and 20 individuals who had
hearing-impaired siblings. The latter were children and adolescents of the Training Unit of Hearing and Speaking Abilities at
Hacettepe University, Department of ENT, Audiology and Speech Pathology Section, Turkey. The siblings in question were
over 12 and had normal hearing. A ‘General Information Form’ was used to gather information about the individuals who
participated in the study and their hearing-loss siblings; a ‘Sibling Relationship Questionnaire’ was used to gauge relationships between siblings.

Results

In general, individuals having a sibling with hearing loss had considerably higher scores on the subscales warmth/
closeness and relative power/status than those having normal-hearing siblings (p<0.05). Likewise, individuals having normalhearing siblings had higher scores on the subscales “conflict” and “rivalry” than those in the other group (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Existence of a hearing-impaired child in the family affects the sibling relationship. Growing up with a hearingimpaired sibling brings changes to the daily life of normal children. Individuals having a sibling with hearing loss have less
conflict and rivalry and more intimacy/fondness in their sibling relationship. We infer that these children have developed an
ability to help their siblings.
TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW STRATEGY OF
PARTIAL DEAFNESS TREATMENT
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk
Published: May 2021

What is now known as partial deafness treatment (PDT) began as a great challenge: insert a cochlear implant and preserve
residual preoperative hearing. PDT addresses the situation where patients have low frequency hearing which is not badly affected, or is even fully functional, and it is necessary to complement it electrically in the medium and high frequency ranges.
The first surgery in which existing normal hearing was electrically complemented, performed 10 years ago, has opened up a
new direction in the treatment of other (more frequent) partial hearing impairments. The long term observation of more than
1200 ears has allowed us to refine a new strategy of PDT.
The first surgery to electrically complement the existing hearing of an adult was performed in 2002, and led in 2004 to the
same treatment in a child. It was preceded with 3 years of research on how to enhance the low-frequency residual hearing of
patients by amplifying it with conventional hearing aids while supplying high frequencies with an electrically stimulated implant. Results of these studies, presented in 2000 at international conferences, demonstrated the potential for widening the
first, cautious indications for the use of cochlear implants to situations where there are various levels of residual low-frequency hearing. Experience with 1200 cases of partial deafness surgery have proven its general validity and have refined the surgical guidelines. The surgical strategy is based on 6 main steps involving an approach to scala tympani through the round window, and use of electrodes with an active length of 20 to 28 mm.
THE PSYCHOPHYSICS OF LOW-FREQUENCY ACOUSTIC
HEARING IN ELECTRIC AND ACOUSTIC STIMULATION (EAS)
AND BIMODAL PATIENTS
Authors: Gifford Rene , Dorman Michael
Published: May 2021

This paper provides a review of the current literature on psychophysical properties of low-frequency hearing, both before and
after implantation, with a focus on frequency selectivity, nonlinear cochlear processing, and speech perception in temporally modulated maskers for bimodal listeners as well as patients with hearing preservation in the implanted ear and receiving
combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). In this paper we review our work, the work of others, and report results not
previously published for speech perception in steady-state and temporally fluctuating maskers; the degree of masking release
and frequency resolution for 11 bimodal, 6 hearing preservation patients; and 5 control subjects with normal hearing. The results demonstrate that a small masking release is possible with acoustic hearing in just one ear, with the degree of masking release being correlated with the low-frequency pure tone average in the non-implanted ear; furthermore, frequency selectivity
as defined by the width of the auditory filter was not correlated with the degree of masking release. Descriptions of the clinical utility of hearing preservation in the implanted ear for improving speech perception in complex listening environments,
as well as directions for the future, are discussed.
PERCEPTION OF PITCH CHANGES IN HEARING-IMPAIRED
ADULTS WITH AIDED AND UNAIDED HEARING LOSS
Authors: Schauwers Karen , Coene Martine , Heeren Willemijn , Del Bo Luca , Pascu Alexandru , Vaerenberg Bart , Govaerts Paul
Published: May 2021

Background

Pitch relates to the low frequency temporal content of sound, which mainly depends on phase coding at the level of the auditory nerve. In this study, we aim to assess the detectibility of pitch changes in different populations of hearingimpaired subjects suffering from sensorineural hearing loss in order to identify possible poor temporal coding.

Material and Methods

A number of tests – part of the A§E (ASSE or Auditory Speech Sounds Evaluation) psychoacoustic
test suite – were used to assess the perception of pitch changes in adults with a hearing loss (a) in the high frequencies with
or without classical hearing aids, (b) in the low frequencies, and (c) in a group of cochlear implant users. All test stimuli were
controlled for their fundamental frequency (F0), which either remained stable during the stimulus presentation or which,
simulating intonation, glided from F0 to F0+∆. Isolated synthetic complexes were used as well as pseudo-words or pseudosentences mimicking linguistically relevant contexts. The subjects were asked to distinguish these sounds in either identification or discrimination tasks.

Results

Hearing-impaired subjects, and particularly those with low-frequency hearing loss, performed significantly worse in
comparison to hearing adults on all tests. The use of a hearing aid did not yield significant improvements. The cochlear implant users experienced great difficulty in performing the tests.

Conclusion

The intonation tests of A§E2009 are a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish hearing-impaired subjects based on
their capacity to process low-frequency information. The tests may be of particular use in the evaluation of the impact of auditory rehabilitation, hearing aids, or electro-acoustic stimulation.
AUDIOLOGICAL FINDINGS AND AIDED PERFORMANCE IN
INDIVIDUALS WITH AUDITORY NEUROPATHY SPECTRUM
DISORDER (ANSD) – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Jijo P. , Yathiraj Asha
Published: May 2021

Background

There is controversy in the literature regarding the utility of amplification in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Most of the studies regarding the effect of amplification on speech perception in ANSD have
been carried out on children. Only a few investigations have studied this aspect in late onset ANSD. The majority of these studies report no aided improvement, with only a few reporting minimal benefit. Further, none of the studies in late onset ANSD
evaluated the relation between audiological test results and aided improvement.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate the effect of amplification on speech identification scores (SISs) in individuals with late
onset ANSD. It also determined a relation between audiological test results and aided improvement.

Method

The retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the clinical records of 64 patients with late onset ANSD.

Results

Improvement in speech identification with hearing aids was observed in 30% of the ears evaluated. Correlation analysis
revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between SISs obtained under headphones and aided performance. However, no relation was found between the degree of hearing loss and the aided performance or on the unaided sound field SIS.

Conclusions

Unlike earlier studies, it was found that individuals with late onset ANSD did show improvement in speech perception when using hearing aids. The SIS under headphones was a major indicator of aided performance in adults with late
onset ANSD.
PEDIATRIC COCHLEAR IMPLANT RECIPIENTS IN INDIA:
PARENTAL SATISFACTION WITH REHABILITATION SERVICES
AND CORRELATION WITH OUTCOMES
Authors: Pradhananga Rabindra , Thomas John , Vadivu Senthil , Kameswaran Mohan
Published: May 2021

Background

Rehabilitation centres for cochlear implant (CI) recipients act as gateways for increasing auditory perception and
developing speech and language. In the case of children, such centres must strive not only to get the best outcomes in terms
of hearing and speech, but they must also provide satisfaction to both CI recipients and their parents. To gauge the quality
of service, we have divided the range of services offered into four areas and have assessed the specific and overall satisfaction
levels of parents of CI children towards these services.

Material and Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire provided to CI users of rehabilitation centers in Tamil Nadu, India. The parents of 100 CI recipients younger than 6 years were asked to fill in
a questionnaire using a 5-point rating scale. The education level of the care-taker and the time spent with the child at home
were also ascertained, and these factors were correlated with CI performance outcomes (categories of auditory performance,
CAP, and speech intelligibility rating, SIR).

Results

The overall satisfaction level of the parents was reasonably high (mean=3.9, SD=0.44). There was a positive correlation of satisfaction score with rehabilitation outcomes (r=0.80 for CAP; 0.29 for SIR). The level of education of the parents
had no correlation with the outcome either for CAP (r=0.15) or SIR (r=0.07). Time spent by the parents with the CI recipient
at home gave r-values of 0.31 for CAP and 0.39 for SIR.

Conclusions

The general level of satisfaction of parents towards the services provided by the rehabilitation centres was good. In
terms of best CI outcome, the time spent by the parents with their child was more important than the parents’ education level.
DIZZINESS AND THE RISK OF FALLING IN THE ELDERLY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Ciorba Andrea
Published: May 2021

Slipping and falling in the elderly present an important public health problem, as falls can lead to serious injury. Falling-related costs, both health and social, are very high in western countries and increased attention is being given to the issue. Dizziness is one of the main causes of falling in the elderly. Its origin can depend on many factors, including cardiovascular/neurological disease, sensory deterioration, and vestibular dysfunction. Assessment of such patients can be tricky, requiring the presence of an otolaryngologist and/or audiologist. In terms of a therapeutic strategy, various options exist but the final solution can be very challenging, since the choice of drugs or rehabilitation program/s must consider the residual function of different systems (as well as the vestibular system) and of other medical conditions that can disturb balance.
COEXISTENCE OF BILATERAL SULCUS VERGETURE AND BILATERAL FIBROUS MASS OF THE VOCAL FOLDS: CASE REPORT
Authors: Miaskiewicz Beata , Szkielkowska Agata
Published: May 2021

Background

This study presents the case of a 32-year old woman who presented with severe dysphonia. She had experienced voice problems since childhood.

Material and Methods

The patient underwent otolaryngological and phoniatric examination including videolaryngostroboscopy (VLS), perceptual evaluation (GRBAS scale), and acoustic analysis of voice (MDVP software). Microsurgery was performed using a CO2 Acupulse laser (Lumenis) with AcuBlade micromanipulator.

Results

VLS revealed glottal incompetence, an intracordal mass on the right vocal fold, and capillary ectasia on the superior surface of the right vocal fold. Atrophy was seen along the free edge of the left vocal fold. GRBAS and MDVP revealed significant voice disturbances. The patient was referred for direct microlaryngoscopy. Initial inspection of the vocal folds showed bilateral intracordal mass and sulcus vergeture. Using a microflap technique the fibrous mass was removed. For the sulcus vergeture a surgical technique based on a concept by Cornut and Bouchayer and modified by Remacle was used. Complementary hyaluronic acid (Surgiderm 24XP) was injected to correct the left vocal fold volume. Stroboscopic evaluation performed 3 months postoperatively showed significant improvement of glottis closure and vibratory parameters. Perceptual and objective voice assessment revealed improvement in the acoustic structure of the voice after surgery

Conclusions

Coexistence of bilateral sulcus vergeture and bilateral fibrous mass is a very rare occurrence. The preoperative diagnosis is often not obvious. Severe voice disturbances make surgery the first treatment option in such cases.
EFFECT OF CARNATIC VOCAL MUSIC TRAINING AND
EXPERIENCE ON CORTICAL AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIALS
Authors: Sanju Himanshu , Nikhil J. , Kumar Prawin
Published: May 2021

Background

A musician’s ability to produce a precise pitch must involve some kind of neuroplasticity, allowing them to control fundamental frequency, maintain target pitch, and accurately control pitch through auditory perceptual monitoring. The
present study uses cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) to investigate neuroplasticity by assessing the latency of P1,
N1, P2, and N2 as well as the peak-to-peak amplitudes P1–N1, N1–P2, and P2–N2 in two groups of subjects: Carnatic vocal
musicians and non-musicians.

Material and Methods

Two groups of normal hearing females aged 18 to 25 years. There were 20 Carnatic vocal musicians
(Indian classical music of south India) and 20 non-musicians. Pure tones were used as stimuli.

Results

Descriptive statistics revealed lower latency and greater peak-to-peak amplitude for all measures in the Carnatic vocal musicians compared to the non-musicians. MANOVA showed that vocalists had significantly better (shorter) N1, P2, and
N2 latencies and significantly better (greater) peak-to-peak amplitude of P1–N1.

Conclusions

The present study showed some significantly enhanced CAEP parameters in Carnatic vocal musicians compared
to non-musicians. This indicates that musical experience has an effect on the central auditory nervous system, and this form
of neuroplasticity can be investigated with CAEPs.
WIDEBAND IMMITTANCE IN NEONATES: A SYSTEMATIC
LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Hein Thais , Sanfins Milaine
Published: May 2021

Objective

To analyze the literature on wideband immittance testing and to evaluate the success of these procedures in evaluating middle ear function in newborns.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted using as keywords: wideband, tympanometry, reflectance, absorbance, immittance. Papers which did not address neonates were excluded from the review. From each article specific information was extracted referring to the following: sample size, population characteristics, equipment, stimulus type, study evaluation, and study conclusion.

Conclusions

This systematic review considers that wideband immittance is a promising way for evaluating middle ear function in neonates. It is necessary to establish regulatory standards for different age groups of neonates and infants.
THE CENTRAL AUDITORY SYSTEM AND
COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION: USING OLFACTORY
TESTING TO EVALUATE A POTENTIAL CENTRAL
COMPONENT IN COCHLEAR IMPLANT
PERFORMANCE
Authors: Muelleman Thomas , Ripley Elizabeth , Wood Valerie , Staecker Hinrich
Published: May 2021

Background

Cochlear implantation is a highly successful intervention that, despite remarkable improvements in hardware and software, continues to show a high degree of variability in outcomes. Performance in adult patients can potentially be affected by the integrity of spiral ganglion neurons or by the performance of the central auditory system. Prolonged deafness and dementia are conditions that affect the central
auditory system and can negatively impact cochlear implant outcomes. Central auditory test batteries can evaluate the central component of
hearing in patients that have significant residual hearing, but cannot be effectively used in most cochlear implant patients. A wide variety of
recent studies have shown that decline in olfaction predates and often predicts a variety of central nervous system degenerative disorders. We
set out to evaluate if olfaction testing could predict hearing results after cochlear implantation.

Material and Methods

Adult cochlear implant candidates were recruited and olfaction measured with the University of Pennsylvania smell
identification test (UPSIT). Testing variables in the analysis include patient age, UPSIT score, AzBio +10 dB score at 6 months post activation, and change in AzBio +10 dB score from preoperative to post-activation testing times

Results

Lower olfaction (UPSIT) scores correlated with poorer hearing outcomes (AzBio +10 dB) at 6 months post activation. Patients with
lower UPSIT scores also showed less change in AzBio +10 dB scores over a 6-month period.

Conclusions

Olfactory testing may be useful in preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant patients. Identification of patients at risk for central auditory system dysfunction may be possible by evaluation of patients’ olfactory function.
MIDDLE EAR MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION AS THE
CAUSE OF MENIERE’S DISEASE
Authors: Bell Andrew
Published: May 2021

The symptoms of Meniere’s disease form a distinct cluster: bouts of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, low-frequency tinnitus, and a feeling of
pressure in the ear. Traditionally, these signature symptoms have pointed to some sort of pathology within the inner ear itself, but here the
focus is shifted to the middle ear muscles. These muscles, the tensor tympani and the stapedius, have generally been seen as serving only a
secondary protective role in hearing, but in this paper they are identified as vigilant gate-keepers – constantly monitoring acoustic input and
dynamically adjusting hearing sensitivity so as to enhance external sounds and suppress internally generated ones. The case is made that this
split-second adjustment is accomplished by regulation of inner ear pressure: when the middle ear muscles contract they push the stapes into
the oval window and increase the pressure of fluids inside the otic capsule. In turn, hydraulic pressure squeezes hair cells, instantly adjusting
their sensitivity. If the middle ear muscles should malfunction – such as from cramp, spasm, or dystonia – the resulting abnormal pressure
will disrupt hair cells and produce Meniere’s symptoms.
A wide-ranging review of Meniere’s disease and the middle ear muscles reinforces the link between the two. Since every striated muscle is
prone to dystonia – an involuntary contraction involving derangement of its underlying control loop – middle ear muscle dystonia would
lead to elevated pressure and abnormal hair cell function. The hypothesis is based on recognizing that the inner ear is a hydrostat – a cavity filled with fluid whose pressure is controlled by the middle ear muscles. Since the fluid is incompressible, even a slight contraction of the
muscles can increase the pressure in the labyrinth to 3 kPa. The effect of such a pressure on the sensing cells within is crucial. Outer hair cells
carry an internal turgor pressure of about 1 kPa, behaving physically like inflated balloons, and hence contraction of the middle ear muscles
can instantly overcome internal cellular pressure, switch off ion channels, and reduce hearing sensitivity.
This paper brings together supporting evidence and sets out major implications for Meniere’s disease, including possible treatments.
USE OF WIDEBAND ABSORBANCE
MEASUREMENT TO ASSESS LARGE VESTIBULAR
AQUEDUCT SYNDROME: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Olszewski Lukasz , Jedrzejczak W. , Sliwa Lech , Fabijanska Anna , Skarzynski Henryk
Published: May 2021

There is a limited number of diagnostic procedures to verify the presence of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) in humans. The wideband absorbance (WBA) measurement technique is a non-invasive and objective tool for assessing the amount of sound energy absorbed by the
tympanic membrane over a wide frequency range. We suggest that WBA could be an aid for detecting LVAS in some hearing-impaired subjects.
We report use of WBA on a patient who had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with LVAS and cochlear abnormalities in both ears.
NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Świerczek Pamela , Sochań Agata , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: May 2021

Hearing loss is becoming more frequent, especially in developing and highly developed countries. Progressive hearing loss is commonly a result of noise. Sources are often found in industry, but they also occur as environmental noise associated with the use of various types of transport. In children and adolescents, the biggest threat is recreational noise, i.e. music on headphones, concerts, discos, and toys. Noise not only affects the hearing of children, weakening it and increasing susceptibility to hearing loss in later years, but it also has so-called extracoustic effects. These include disturbed sleep, concentration, aggressive behavior, stress, and anxiety. Hearing loss arising from noise primarily affects high frequencies, reducing the ability to understand speech. This causes, among others, problems with speech development, education, and communicating with peers, which is why it is important to prevent hearing loss and to diagnose the problem as soon as possible. The aim of this work was to present the most important information on hearing loss caused by noise in the environment of children, and to show the social extent of the problem.
NEURAL ENCODING OF CONSONANT–VOWEL TRANSITION IN CHILDREN WITH CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER
Authors: Kumar Prawin , Sanju Himanshu , Singh Niraj
Published: May 2021

Background

Previous studies have used the acoustic change complex (ACC) as a tool to investigate the perception of acoustic changes in an ongoing signal in various populations. However, there is no study that has explored the usefulness of ACC to objectively study the neural representation of CV transition in children with CAPD. The present study aims to investigate the utility of ACC as an objective tool to study neural representation of a CV transition in children with CAPD.

Material and methods

There were 40 children aged 8 to 14 years in this study. They were divided into 2 groups of 20 children each based on the outcomes of audiological tests: a clinical group (CAPD) and a comparison group. A diagnosis of CAPD was made for 20 children after completion of a two-stage evaluation process (screening and diagnosis). The ACC was acquired using Neuro Scan Syn (v. 4.4) for the naturally produced CV stimulus /sa/ which had a total duration of 380 ms.

Results

A Mann–Whitney U-test revealed significantly delayed latency of N1′ and P2′ in children with CAPD compared to healthy children. However, there was no significant difference in peak-to-peak amplitude of N1′–P2′ between children with CAPD and normal children.

Conclusions

The prolonged latencies of ACC indicated poor encoding of the CV transition in children with CAPD. It is suggested that poor temporal processing of CV transitions in these children might be the reason for poor speech perception in the CAPD population.
FREQUENCY FOLLOWING RESPONSES IN ADULTS WHO CAN OR CANNOT SING IN TUNE
Authors: Sanfins Milaine , Gielow Ingrid , Madazio Glaucya , Honorio Francine , Bordin Tatiana , Skarzynska Magdalena , Behlau Mara
Published: May 2021

Background

It is believed that auditory processing occurs normally in people who can sing in tune and improperly in people who cannot. Auditory feedback seems to be a crucial factor in the way the voice is produced and monitored. Evaluation of auditory processing using the Frequency Following Response (FFR) allows fine-grained neural processing to be objectively identified and might be a way of differentiating between those who sing in-tune and those who sing off-tune.The aim of this study was to analyse the FFR responses of people who can sing in-tune and compare them to those who sing off-tune.

Material and methods

FFR responses were recorded in 37 adults who were assigned to one of two groups: (i) a control group (CG) consisting of 17 adults who could sing in-tune (ii) an experimental group (EG) consisting of 20 adults who sang off-tune.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in the electro-physiological responses of the EG compared to the CG for the latencies of waves A, C, D, and F in the right ear. In contrast, FFR amplitude measurements did not seem to be a suitable parameter for identifying changes in the coding of speech sounds.

Conclusions

FFR responses in the EG showed a different pattern from the CG group, with a number of longer latencies in the EG. However, FFR amplitude did not differ significantly between the groups.
Hearing loss treatment in osteogenesis
imperfecta – literature review
Authors: Osińska Kamila , Skarżyński Piotr
Published: May 2021

Osteogenesis imperfecta jako jedna z chorób tkanki łącznej skutkuje nieprawidłowościami w obrębie układu kostno-stawowego, skóry, oczu i uszu. W przypadku narządu słuchu może objawiać się niedosłuchem, najczęściej jest to niedosłuch przewodzeniowy, ale
też odbiorczy i mieszany, co wynika z zajęcia określonych struktur ucha. W niniejszym przeglądzie literatury szczegółowej analizie
poddano opracowania dotyczące największych grup badanych z rozpoznaniem osteogenesis imperfecta, które zostały dotychczas opublikowane na świecie. Szczególny nacisk położono na wyniki chirurgii strzemiączka, w obrębie którego najczęściej dochodzi do patologii u chorych z wrodzoną łamliwością kości.
Influence of stapedotomy on the quality of life
of otosclerosis patients
Authors: Dziendziel Beata , Skarżyński Henryk , Gos Elżbieta , Skarżyński Piotr
Published: May 2021

Wstęp

Chirurgia strzemiączka jest powszechną metodą leczenia otosklerozy, a jej efektywność jest raportowana na podstawie audiometrycznych progów słyszenia. Jednak wyniki audiometryczne nie dostarczają informacji o tym, jak zamknięcie rezerwy ślimakowej i obniżenie progów przewodnictwa powietrznego po chirurgii strzemiączka wpływa na słyszenie w różnych warunkach akustycznych. Badania audiometryczne nie pozwalają również na ocenę zmiany uciążliwości szumów usznych oraz jakości życia po operacji.

Cel

Ocena jakości życia u pacjentów z otosklerozą poddanych stapedotomii w odniesieniu do trzech głównych czynników: zmiany
audiometrycznych progów słyszenia, subiektywnego słyszenia w różnych warunkach akustycznych oraz uciążliwości szumów usznych.

Materiał i metody

Do prospektywnych badań włączono 191 pacjentów, u których z powodu otosklerozy przeprowadzono stapedotomię pomiędzy kwietniem a październikiem 2017 roku. Pacjentów poddano badaniu audiometrii tonalnej i poproszono o wypełnienie kwestionariuszy przed operacją oraz 6 miesięcy po operacji. Subiektywne słyszenie oceniono za pomocą kwestionariusza Abbreviated Profile for Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB), do oceny uciążliwości szumów usznych zastosowano Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI),
a jakość życia zmierzono za pomocą Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI).

Wyniki

Analiza statystyczna wykazała, że średni całkowity wynik GBI (M = 33,7; SD = 23,7) był istotnie statystycznie wyższy niż
zero (t = 19,7; p < 0,001). Na podstawie modelu regresji stwierdzono, że wszystkie trzy badane zmienne – zmiana audiometrycznych progów słyszenia, zmiana w APHAB i zmiana w TFI – miały istotny wpływ na jakość życia po stapedotomii. Najwyższą wartość beta (b = 0,040; p < 0,001) wykazano w odniesieniu do zmiany w TFI, która wydaje się mieć największy wpływ na jakość życia.

Wnioski

Chirurgia strzemiączka zapewnia istotną poprawę jakości życia zgłaszaną przez większość pacjentów z otosklerozą. Dla pacjentów dotkniętych niedosłuchem i uporczywymi szumami usznymi w przebiegu otosklerozy, pooperacyjna redukcja obu dolegliwości miała korzystny wpływ na jakość życia.
Acquisition of the ability of correct understanding and using
of prepositions by hearing children and their implanted
peers – report from own research
Authors: Solnica Joanna
Published: May 2021

Wstęp

Mowa dzieci z uszkodzonym słuchem rozwija się według takich samych reguł, jak u ich słyszących rówieśników, a zasadnicza różnica polega na czasie nabywania poszczególnych umiejętności. Wczesne wykrywanie uszkodzeń, dostęp do najnowocześniejszych urządzeń oraz wczesna i intensywna rehabilitacja umożliwiają dzieciom z wadą słuchu rozwijanie mowy na
poziomie zbliżonym do słyszących rówieśników. Zasadne więc wydaje się dokonywanie porównań w zakresie rozumienia, jak
i używania mowy przez dzieci z wadą słuchu ze słyszącymi rówieśnikami posługując się tymi samymi narzędziami badawczymi.

Cel

Zbadanie umiejętności użycia i rozumienia poszczególnych przyimków u dzieci korzystających z systemu implantu ślimakowego oraz porównanie stanu tych umiejętności u dzieci z prawidłowym słuchem.

Materiał

Badaniami zostało objętych kolejno wybranych 40 dzieci korzystających z systemu implantu ślimakowego w wieku
od 3 do 6 lat. Wszystkie dzieci korzystały z implantu ślimakowego minimum rok czasu, a uszkodzenie słuchu wystąpiło przed
3 r. ż. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z wynikami dzieci słyszących w wieku od 3 do 6 lat o prawidłowym rozwoju psychoruchowym, które zostały przebadane przez Emilutę-Rozya i Kaczmarek-Sowę.

Metoda

Metoda badania została w całości zaczerpnięta z pracy Emiluty-Rozya i Kaczmarek-Sowy. Materiał badawczy wykorzystany w badaniu obejmował jedenaście przyimków. Badanie składało się z czterech prób – trzy pierwsze miały na celu zbadanie adekwatnego użycia przyimków, natomiast ostatnia próba badała ich rozumienie.

Wyniki

Dzieci korzystające z systemu implantu ślimakowego uzyskały wyniki gorsze od swoich słyszących rówieśników zarówno w rozumieniu, jak i użyciu przyimków. Jednak w próbach badających poprawne rozumienie tej części mowy, w odniesieniu do przyimków „na”, „do”, „z”, „w” już w grupie czterolatków dzieci korzystające z systemu implantu ślimakowego osiągają wyniki na poziomie taki samym, bądź nieznacznie niższym, niż dzieci z normą słuchową.

Wnioski

Dzieci korzystające z systemu implantu ślimakowego prezentują niższy poziom zarówno użycia i rozumienia przyimków, jednak wraz z rozwojem dziecka wzrasta również poziom tych dwóch umiejętności. Kolejność pojawiania się przyimków w rozwoju mowy dzieci implantowanych jest analogiczna do kolejności, w jakiej przyimki pojawiają się u dzieci w normie słuchowej.
Assesment of acustic examination in patients with
rhinolalia aperta
Authors: Cudejko Renata , Będziński Wojciech , Piłka Adam , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: May 2021

Celem pracy było zastosowanie badań akustycznych: sonograficzne SPG i szybkiej transformanty Fouriera FFT w ocenie stopnia nosowania u pacjentów z nosowaniem oraz ustalenie skali nosowania.
Materiał stanowił 46 pacjentów z nosowaniem otwartym z powodu zaburzeń organicznych (rozszczep podniebienia, krótkie
podniebienie, niewydolnośc podniebienno gardłowa) oraz grupa kontrolna zdrowych osobników bez cech nosowania. Każdy z pacjentów miał wykonane badania laryngologiczne, ocenę odsłuchową nosowania, wykonaną próbę Czermaka, badanie
fiberoskopowe nosogardła, badanie akustyczne w oparciu o MDVP Key system szybką transformantę Fouriera (FFT) i sonograficzne (SPG). W przeprowadzonych badaniach akustycznych najwięcej zmian charakterystycznych dla nosowania zauważono w strukturach harmonicznych podczas mówienia samogłoski „i” w paśmie częstotliwości zakresie od 450 Hz do 1500
Hz. Stanowi to pasmo o oktawę wyższe od częstotliwości podstawowej dla samogłoski „i”. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych
badan akustycznych wyodrębniono obiektywną czterostopniową skalę nosowania otwartego. Badania SPG i FFT są badaniami pomocnymi w obiektywizacji oceny przebiegu rehabilitacji u pacjentów z nosowaniem otwartym.
Plasticity of the auditory system – studies using neuroimaging methods
Authors: Cieśla Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

W literaturze przedmiotu istnieją liczne doniesienia na temat zmian funkcjonalnych w obrębie układu słuchowego u dorosłych zwierząt i ludzi w okresie deprywacji słuchowej, zachodzących w wyniku rehabilitacji z użyciem specjalistycznych urządzeń wspomagających oraz w konsekwencji treningu. Zjawiska te określa się mianem „plastyczności słuchowej”. Rozwijające się w ostatnich latach techniki badań neuroobrazowych pozwalają w sposób nieinwazyjny mierzyć zakres oraz mechanizmy zmian plastycznych, zarówno w ich aspekcie czasowym, jak i lokalizacyjnym. Wprowadzenie do obszarów zastosowań tych metod stanowi temat niniejszego artykułu przeglądowego.
Diagnosis of auditory processing disorders – a literature review
Authors: Dajos-Krawczyńska Karolina , Piłka Adam , Jędrzejczak Wiesław , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: May 2021

Ośrodkowe zaburzenia słuchu definiowane są jako trudności z przetwarzaniem informacji akustycznych, które mogą wpływać na zdolności językowe, komunikacyjne czy edukacyjne dziecka. Diagnoza ośrodkowych zaburzeń słuchu stwarza duże
problemy, przede wszystkim ze względu na brak jednolitych procedur diagnostycznych, precyzyjnych kryteriów kwalifikacji
do grupy normy i patologii, a także znaczący wpływ różnych czynników osobniczych (m.in. wieku, poziomu rozwoju językowego i poznawczego) na wyniki poszczególnych testów. Ośrodkowe zaburzenia słuchu często współwystępują z innymi zaburzeniami (ADHD, dysleksją, SLI), co dodatkowo utrudnia postawienie pewnej diagnozy. W niniejszej pracy dokonano przeglądu zagadnień dotyczących trudności, które mogą się pojawić w procesie diagnozy zaburzeń przetwarzania słuchowego.
Analysis of the parameters of audiometric screening tests
conducted in schools
Authors: Piotrowska Anna , Zapert Anna , Tarczyński Krzysztof , Kochanek Krzysztof
Published: May 2021

Cel

Celem pracy jest analiza dwóch parametrów procesu przeprowadzania audiometrycznych badań przesiewowych słuchu
u dzieci klas I i VI ze szkół podstawowych na terenie m.st. Warszawy.

Materiał i metoda

Analizie poddano 38 287 wyników audiometrycznego badania słuchu wykonanego u dzieci w wieku 6 i 12
lat, uczniów klas I i VI warszawskich szkół podstawowych w roku szkolnym 2011/2012 (n=20 482) i 2012/2013 (n=17 805).
U wszystkich dzieci przeprowadzono audiometryczne badanie słuchu dla tonów o częstotliwościach: 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8 kHz. Badania wykonywano na urządzeniu do badań przesiewowych – Platformie Badań Zmysłów (PBZ). Analizie poddano dwa parametry procesu przeprowadzania badań przesiewowych słuchu: czas oraz jakość.

Wyniki

W badanej grupie średni czas jednego pomiaru wyniósł 5 min 9 s. Najkrótszy zarejestrowany czas jednego badania
wyniósł 11 s, a najdłuższy 45 min 52 s. Najwięcej pomiarów wykonano w czasie 4 min 20 s. Jako miernika jakości użyto odsetka wyników dodatnich uzyskiwanych przez poszczególnych badaczy obliczanego dla każdego tygodnia wykonywania badań; odsetek ten zawierał się w przedziale od 0% do 62,6%.

Wnioski

Podczas realizacji programu badań słuchu w szkołach niezbędna jest systematyczna kontrola wykonywanych pomiarów, która umożliwia uzyskanie zadowalającej wiarygodności badań audiometrycznych.
Cochlear implants – yesterday and today
Authors: Piotrowska Anna , Lorens Artur , Obrycka Anita , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: May 2021

W pracy przedstawiono historię implantów ślimakowych, począwszy od pierwszych prób zastosowania stymulacji elektrycznej po czasy współczesne.
Diagnostic difficulties in sulcus vocalis
Authors: Miaśkiewicz Beata , Szkiełkowska Agata
Published: May 2021

Wstęp

Terminowi rowek głośni funkcjonującemu w polskim piśmiennictwie odpowiadają w literaturze anglojęzycznej dwa
terminy – sulcus vocalis i sulcus vergeture.

Cel pracy

Celem pracy była analiza trudności w procesie diagnostycznym rowka głośni.

Materiał i metody

Materiał pracy stanowiła grupa 25 pacjentów z rowkiem głośni (15 kobiet i 10 mężczyzn). U 14 osób rozpoznano rowek o charakterze sulcus vergeture, a u 11 sulcus vocalis. U pacjentów wykonano laryngowideostroboskopię, ocenę percepcyjną głosu (GRBAS) oraz wieloparametryczną akustyczną analizę głosu. Śródoperacyjnie, przy użyciu mikroskopu operacyjnego, wykonywano dokładną ocenę wizualną i palpacyjną fałdów głosowych.

Wyniki

W przedoperacyjnym badaniu wideolaryngostroboskopowym stwierdzono obecność poszerzonych naczyń krwionośnych u 36% osób z sulcus vergeture i u 54% z sulcus vocalis. Usztywnienie fałdu głosowego obserwowano u ponad połowy
badanych. U prawie wszystkich chorych występowały zaburzenia fali śluzówkowej. U żadnego z pacjentów nie odnotowano
pełnego zwarcia fonacyjnego. U 10 badanych w przedoperacyjnym badaniu stroboskopowym postawiono rozpoznanie rowka głośni typu vergeture, które zostało potwierdzone podczas mikrolaryngoskopii śródoperacyjnej. U pozostałych 15 chorych
w przedoperacyjnym procesie diagnostycznym rozpoznano inne patologie fałdów głosowych i rozpoznania te zostały zweryfikowane podczas zabiegu.

Wnioski

1. Rowek głośni jest patologią trudną do rozpoznania w badaniu wideolaryngostroboskopowym. Czasem dopiero
mikrolaryngoskopia śródoperacyjna pozwala postawić ostateczną diagnozę; 2. Większe trudności diagnostyczne występują
w przypadku sulcus vocalis; 3. Trudności w postawieniu przedoperacyjnego rozpoznania pogłębia współistnienie z rowkiem
innych patologii fałdów głosowych.
The use of selected questionnaires in the diagnostics
of central auditory processing disorders
Authors: Krzeszewska Paulina , Kurkowski Zdzisław
Published: May 2021

Zaburzenia ośrodkowego przetwarzania słuchowego (ang. central auditory processing disorders, CAPD) mogą być przyczyną
trudności w nauce występujących u dzieci w wieku szkolnym. Nadal nie opracowano odpowiedniej baterii testów diagnozujących CAPD. Jednym z pierwszych etapów procedury diagnostycznej jest przeprowadzenie badań przesiewowych. Niniejsza praca stanowi przegląd zagadnień i badań poświęconych weryfikacji użyteczności trzech kwestionariuszy skriningowych
– Dziecięcej Skali Efektywności Przetwarzania Słuchowego (CHAPS), Listy Trudności Słuchowych (FISHER) oraz Skali Zachowań Słuchowych (SAB).
Cortical auditory evoked potentials – clinical applications and usability in central auditory processes evaluation
Authors: Milner Rafał
Published: May 2021

Słuchowe potencjały korowe (ang. cortical auditory evoked potentials, CAEP) to bioelektryczne odpowiedzi mózgu na bodźce dźwiękowe, generowane w ośrodkach nerwowych znajdujących się na wyższych piętrach analizy informacji słuchowej. Wiele dotychczas przeprowadzonych badań eksperymentalnych pokazuje, że rejestracja oraz ocena tych odpowiedzi stwarza olbrzymie możliwości w diagnostyce audiologicznej oraz innych dziedzinach nauki, w których konieczne bądź potrzebne jest sprawdzenie stanu funkcjonalnego ośrodków mózgowych i procesów związanych z przetwarzaniem bodźców dźwiękowych. Niniejsza praca zawiera przegląd najczęściej opisywanych w literaturze sensorycznych (egzogennych) oraz związanych ze zdarzeniem (endogennych) składowych słuchowych potencjałów korowych oraz przykłady klinicznego zastosowania tych komponentów w ocenie i diagnostyce ośrodkowych procesów słuchowych oraz związanych z nimi procesów poznawczych i językowych.
Linguistic material used in auditory rehabilitation
in patients with postlingual deafness
Authors: Pankowska Agnieszka , Rostkowska Joanna
Published: May 2021

Pacjenci, którzy utracili słuch po okresie rozwoju mowy, wskazują, że jednym z ich największych problemów jest niemożność
porozumiewania się z osobami słyszącymi. W procesie rehabilitacji (np. po zastosowaniu aparatów słuchowych i/lub implantu ślimakowego) powinni oni odbudować umiejętność słuchania i rozpoznawania sygnałów akustycznych oraz rozumienia
mowy w ciszy i na tle dźwięków zakłócających bez udziału kanału wzrokowego, kontekstu sytuacyjnego czy odczytywania
mowy z ust. W przedstawionym poniżej przeglądzie wybrano najistotniejsze doniesienia z literatury (artykułów, prezentacji),
które odnoszą się do rehabilitacji słuchu dorosłych osób z postlingwalną utratą słuchu, a zwłaszcza do materiału słownego
wykorzystywanego w trakcie ćwiczeń z pacjentami. W ramach działań rehabilitacyjnych wykorzystywane są sylaby, wyrazy,
frazy, pojedyncze zdania i teksty dopasowane strukturalnie do konkretnych ćwiczeń i obejmujące zjawiska fonetyczne właściwe językowi ojczystemu pacjenta. W artykule przedstawiono sposób doboru materiału językowego oraz wybrane przykłady z codziennej praktyki klinicznej.
Theoretical basis for the preparation and
validation of questionnaire tools, as applied in
the LittlEARS questionnaire
Authors: Obrycka Anita , Lorens Artur
Published: May 2021

W pracy przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne tworzenia i walidacji narzędzi ankietowych. Najważniejsze etapy tego procesu: zdefiniowanie badanego problemu, przygotowanie pozycji testowych, określenie formatu odpowiedzi, standaryzacja, walidacja i normalizacja zostały omówione na przykładzie kwestionariusza LittlEARS.