bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New colour appearance scales for describing saturation, vividness, blackness, and whiteness
Authors: Cho Yoon Ji , Ou Li‐Chen , Cui Guihua , Luo Ronnier
Published: April 2017

This article describes the development of new models for predicting four colour appearance attributes: saturation, vividness, blackness, and whiteness. The new models were developed on the basis of experimental data accumulated in the authors' previous study, in which the four colour appearance attributes were scaled by 64 Korean and 68 British observers using the categorical judgment method. Two types of models were developed: the ellipsoid‐based and the hue‐based. For the former, the perceived saturation, vividness, blackness, and whiteness were modeled in the form of colour‐difference formulae between the test colour and a reference colour. For the latter, blackness, whiteness, and chromaticness scales were modeled by estimating hue‐dependent lightness and chroma values for the “full colour” in the framework of Adams' equation. The new models were tested using NCS data and were found to outperform some of the existing colour appearance models.
No Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interaction Between Prasugrel and Vorapaxar Following Multiple‐Dose Administration in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Anderson Matt S. , Kosoglou Teddy , Statkevich Paul , Li Jing , Rotonda Jennifer , Meehan Alan G. , Cutler David L.
Published: April 2017

Vorapaxar is a first‐in‐class antagonist of the protease‐activated receptor‐1, the primary thrombin receptor on human platelets, which mediates the downstream effects of thrombin in hemostasis and thrombosis. Prasugrel is a platelet inhibitor that acts as a P2Y12 receptor antagonist through an active metabolite, R‐138727. This study investigated the interaction of these 2 platelet antagonists when coadministered. This was a randomized, open‐label, multiple‐dose study in 54 healthy volunteers consisting of a fixed‐sequence crossover and a parallel group design. In sequence 1, 36 subjects received prasugrel 60 mg on day 1 and then prasugrel 10 mg once daily on days 2 to 7, followed by vorapaxar 40 mg and prasugrel 10 mg on day 8 and then vorapaxar 2.5 mg and prasugrel 10 mg orally once daily on days 9 to 28. In sequence 2, 18 subjects received vorapaxar 40 mg on day 1 and then vorapaxar 2.5 mg once daily on days 2 to 21. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for AUCτ and Cmax of coadministration/monotherapy for vorapaxar (0.93 ng·h/mL[0.85–1.02 ng·h/mL] and 0.95 ng/mL [0.86–1.05 ng/mL]) and R‐138727 (0.91 ng·h/mL [0.85– 0.99 ng·h/mL] and 1.02 ng/mL [0.89–1.17 ng/mL]) were within prespecified bounds, demonstrating the absence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between vorapaxar and prasugrel. There was no specific safety or tolerability risk associated with multiple‐dose coadministration of vorapaxar and prasugrel. In conclusion, in this study in healthy volunteers, there was no pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between vorapaxar and prasugrel. Multiple‐dose coadministration of the 2 drugs was generally well tolerated.
Effect of initial periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile in subjects with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Zekeridou A. , Giannopoulou C. , Cancela J. , Courvoisier D. , Mombelli A.
Published: April 2017

Cytokines are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Because periodontal disease is known for its inhomogeneous distribution within the dentition, it is unclear to what extent the detection of various cytokines at different sites correlates with presence of disease. We evaluated whether levels of 12 cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) discriminated periodontally diseased sites from healthy ones, or periodontally diseased persons from healthy ones, and assessed the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on these readings. This study included 20 periodontally healthy persons (H) and 24 patients with chronic periodontitis (P). In every participant, we measured the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and recession at six sites of every tooth. GCF was collected with Durapore® filter strips from two healthy sites (PD<4 mm; HH) in group H, and from two periodontally diseased sites (PD≥5 mm; PP) and two periodontally healthy sites (PD≤3 mm; PH) in group P. The periodontally diseased participants underwent comprehensive nonsurgical periodontal therapy including deep scaling and root planing under local anesthesia. In these participants, GCF samples were again collected at the same sites 1 and 3 months after therapy. Twelve cytokines (il‐1β, il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐8, il‐17, b‐fgf, g‐csf, gm‐csf, ifn‐γ, mip‐1β, vegf, and tnf‐α) were assessed using the Bio‐Plex suspension array system. Mean plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, PD, and recession were significantly different between groups H and P. Differences between PP and PH sites were not significant for any of the cytokines. Il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐17, b‐fgf, gm‐csf, mip‐1β, and tnf‐α differed significantly between HH sites and both PH and PP sites, whereas il‐8 was significantly higher only at PP sites. Periodontal treatment increased gm‐csf and decreased il‐1ra levels in PP sites. Il‐1ra, il‐6, il‐8, il‐17, b‐fgf, gm‐csf, mip‐1β, and tnf‐α identified patients with chronic periodontitis, rather than diseased sites, suggesting a generalized inflammatory state that is not limited to clinically diseased sites only.
Green Processing of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Derivatives in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Tang Xing , Zuo Miao , Li Zheng , Liu Huai , Xiong Caixia , Zeng Xianhai , Sun Yong , Hu Lei , Liu Shijie , Lei Tingzhou , Lin Lu
Published: April 2017

The scientific community has been seeking cost‐competitive and green solvents with good dissolving capacity for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. At this point, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are currently emerging as a new class of promising solvents that are generally liquid eutectic mixtures formed by self‐association (or hydrogen‐bonding interaction) of two or three components. DESs are attractive solvents for the fractionation (or pretreatment) of lignocellulose and the valorization of lignin, owing to the high solubility of lignin in DESs. DESs are also employed as effective media for the modification of cellulose to afford functionalized cellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals. More interestingly, biomassderived carbohydrates, such as fructose, can be used as one of the constituents of DESs and then dehydrated to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural in high yield. In this review, a comprehensive summary of recent contribution of DESs to the processing of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives is provided. Moreover, further discussion about the challenges of the application of DESs in biomass processing is presented.
Military sexual trauma is associated with post‐deployment eating disorders among Afghanistan and Iraq veterans
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Brignone Emily , Maguen Shira , Carter Marjorie E. , Fargo Jamison D. , Gundlapalli Adi V.
Published: April 2017

Objective

Evaluate the association of military sexual trauma (MST) screen status with eating disorder diagnoses among veterans within 1‐ and 5‐years after initiating Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care, and whether the association varied by sex.

Method

Retrospective cohort study of US Afghanistan/Iraq veterans who used VHA services between FY 2004 and 2014 (N = 595,525). This study used VHA administrative data to assess the presence of eating disorder diagnoses in medical records within 1‐ and 5‐years of initiating VHA care, and whether a positive screen for MST was associated with eating disorders.

Results

Three percent (n = 18,488) screened positive for MST. At 1‐ and 5‐year follow up, 0.1% (n= 513, 74% female), and 0.2% (n = 504, 71% female) were diagnosed with an eating disorder, respectively. In regression models adjusted for demographic variables, military service, and psychiatric comorbidities, the presence of an eating disorder diagnosis was nearly two times higher among those with a positive screen for MST in the 1‐year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57–2.40) and 5‐year (AOR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.49–2.32) cohorts. The increased likelihood conferred by MST for an eating disorder diagnosis was differentially stronger among male veterans than female veterans in the 1‐year cohort only (AOR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.01–4.50).

Discussion

Veterans with a positive screen for MST, especially male veterans, had a nearly two‐fold increased likelihood of having an eating disorder diagnosis. Screening for eating disorders may be important in both male and female veterans who report MST.
Spider (Arachnida, Araneae) diversity in secondary and old‐growth southern Atlantic forests of Paraná state, Brazil
Authors: Raub Florian , Höfer Hubert , Scheuermann Ludger
Published: April 2017

The data presented here have been collected in the southern part of the Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) in the state of Paraná, Brazil within a bilateral scientific project (SOLOBIOMA). The project aimed to assess the quality of secondary forests of different regeneration stages in comparison with old‐growth forests with regard to diversity of soil animals and related functions. The Atlantic Forest is a hotspot of biological diversity with an exceptionally high degree of endemic species, extending over a range of 3,500 km along the coast of Brazil. The anthropogenic pressure in the region is very high with three of the biggest cities of Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Curitiba) lying in its extension. An evaluation of the value of secondary forests for biodiversity conservation is becoming more and more important due to the complete disappearance of primary forests. In 2005, we sampled spiders in 12 sites of three successional stages (5–8, 10–15, 35–50 yr old, three replicates of each forest stage) and old‐growth forests (> 100 yr untouched, also three replicates). All sites were inside a private nature reserve (Rio Cachoeira Nature Reserve). We repeated the sampling design and procedure in 2007 in a second private reserve (Itaqui Nature Reserve). The two nature reserves are within about 25 km of each other within a well preserved region of the Mata Atlântica, where the matrix of the landscape mosaic is still forest. A widely accepted standard protocol was used in a replicated sampling design to apply statistical analyses to the resulting data set and allow for comparison with other studies in Brazil. Spiders were sorted to family level and counted; the adult spiders further identified to species if possible or classified as morphospecies with the help of several spider specialists.
Donor‐specific alloreactive T cells can be quantified from whole blood, and may predict cellular rejection after renal transplantation
Authors: Fischer Michaela , Leyking Sarah , Schäfer Marco , Elsäßer Julia , Janssen Martin , Mihm Janine , van Bentum Kai , Fliser Danilo , Sester Martina , Sester Urban
Published: April 2017

Preformed cellular alloreactivity can exist prior to transplantation and may contribute to rejection. Here, we used a rapid flow‐cytometric whole‐blood assay to characterize the extent of alloreactive T cells among 1491 stimulatory reactions from 61 renal transplant candidates and 75 controls. The role of preformed donor‐specific alloreactive T cells in cellular rejection was prospectively analyzed in 21 renal transplant recipients.

Alloreactive CD8+ T cells were more frequent than respective CD4+ T cells, and these levels were stable over time. CD8+ T cells were effector‐memory T cells largely negative for expression of CD27, CD62L, and CCR7, and were susceptible to steroid and calcineurin inhibitor inhibition. Alloreactivity was more frequent in samples with higher number of HLA mismatches. Moreover, the percentage of individuals with alloreactive T cells was higher in transplant candidates than in controls. Among transplant candidates, 5/61 exhibited alloreactive CD8+ T cells against most stimulators, 23/61 toward a limited number of stimulators, and 33/61 did not show any alloreactivity. Among 21 renal transplant recipients followed prospectively, one had donor‐specific preformed T‐cell alloreactivity. She was the only patient who developed cellular rejection posttransplantation.

In conclusion, donor‐specific alloreactive T cells may be rapidly quantified from whole blood, and may predict cellular rejection after transplantation.
An All‐Solid‐State Z‐Scheme g‐C3N4/Ag/Ag3VO4 Photocatalyst with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wu Jiajia , Shen Xiaoping , Miao Xuli , Ji Zhenyuan , Wang Jiheng , Wang Ting , Liu Miaomiao
Published: April 2017

An all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme g‐C3N4/Ag/Ag3VO4 photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile two‐step reaction route, during which Ag nanoparticles were first deposited on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets by photochemical reduction of Ag+, and then the remnant Ag+ ions reacted with VO43– to form Ag3VO4 nanoparticles on the surface of g‐C3N4/Ag. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐synthesized g‐C3N4/Ag/Ag3VO4 photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B was remarkably enhanced relative to that of g‐C3N4 and Ag3VO4, as well as that of g‐C3N4/Ag and g‐C3N4/Ag3VO4. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of g‐C3N4/Ag/Ag3VO4 was attributed to the formation of an all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme system, in which the Ag nanoparticles serve as electron‐shuttle mediators in constructing the Z‐scheme and thus prolong the lifetime of electrons and holes photogenerated by g‐C3N4 and Ag3VO4, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic performance of g‐C3N4/Ag/Ag3VO4 suggests that this material would be promising for use in the degradation of organic pollutants and provides a new clue for the development of novel Z‐scheme photocatalytic materials.
Lithium and Potassium Complexes with dbn‐ and dbu‐Based Enamido Phosphine Ligands: Syntheses and Applications
Authors: Langer Jens , Grams Samuel , Puchta Ralph
Published: April 2017

The phosphines 6‐diphenylphosphino‐1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (dbuPH) and 7‐diphenylposphino‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene (dbnPH), containing amidine subunits, were successfully deprotonated by n‐butyllithium or benzylpotassium. In the presence of Et2O or THF, the well‐defined complexes [{Li(dbnP)(Et2O)}2] (1), [{Li(dbuP)(Et2O)}2] (2), [{K(dbnP)(THF)}∞] (3b) and [{K(dbuP)(THF)2}2] (4) were obtained, while in the absence of such donors, polymeric [{K(dbnP)}∞] (3a) was formed. These alkali‐metal derivatives are useful precursors for salt‐metathesis reactions, and they allow the transfer of the enamido phosphine ligands to appropriate transition metals, as demonstrated by the syntheses of the new rhodium complexes [Rh(dbnP)(cod)] (5) and [Rh(dbuP)(cod)] (6). The reaction of 1 and 2 with Ph2PCl underlined the ambident character of dbnP– and dbuP– as nucleophiles and led to the new diphosphines dbn(PPh2)2 (two isomers C‐7 and N‐7) and dbu(PPh2)2 (N‐8), in which either the carbon or the nitrogen atom of the former enamido moiety was substituted.
Modular Approach to Tricyclic Heterocycles through Copper Catalysis and Functionalization by Palladium‐Catalyzed C–H Arylation
Authors: Kumpulainen Esa T. T. , Högnäsbacka Antonia
Published: April 2017

A copper‐catalyzed Ullman reaction accompanied with oxidative C–N bond formation was used to access tricyclic heterocycles in a one‐pot operation by using atmospheric air as the terminal oxidant. This modular synthesis approach was used to synthesize previously known and novel azole‐containing heterocycles with different nitrogen position isomers. Fused heterocycles were further functionalized by palladium‐catalyzed direct C–H arylation methodology. Various electron‐rich and electron‐poor functional groups were tolerated in the ortho, meta, and para positions of the aryl bromides.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of the Carbon Backbone of Phoslactomycin B
Authors: Raghavan Sadagopan , Patel Javed Sardar
Published: April 2017

A convergent synthesis of the entire carbon framework of phoslactomycin B is disclosed. An initial route aimed to create the C‐8 tetrasubstituted stereocentre through regioselective intermolecular coupling between an internal alkyne and an allyl silyl ether, adopting Trost's protocol, followed by [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. But this was not successful. In a second approach, a propargylic sulfide was rearranged to give an unsaturated ketone. This was then treated with lithio acetonitrile to create the C‐8 stereocentre selectively. The C‐4 and C‐5 stereocentres were introduced by a non‐Evans syn‐aldol reaction using Crimmins's protocol. The C‐9 and C‐11 carbinol centres were created by asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. The (Z,Z)‐diene moiety was introduced by partial reduction of a diyne following Hansen's modification of the Boland reduction reaction.
One‐Pot Catalytic Synthesis of gem‐Diazides and Their Direct Conversion into Safe Materials
Authors: Samuel Prinson P. , Kundu Subrata , Mohapatra Chandrajeet , George Anjana , De Susmita , Parameswaran Pattiyil , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: April 2017

Commercial availability and storage issues have left reactivity studies of gem‐diazides underdeveloped, in contrast to the relatively abundant chemistry of monoazides. The present study uses triflic acid (0.1 mol‐%) as a catalyst for the quantitative production of gem‐diazides from the reaction of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl azide. The diazides could be isolated in high yields by simple evaporation of the Me3Si–O–SiMe3 byproduct. In a one‐pot synthesis, the diazide was directly treated with an N‐heterocyclic carbene to obtain a gem‐bis(triazabutadiene). Reaction of the diazide with triphenylphosphane followed by triflic acid yielded n N,N′‐bis(triphenylphosphane) adduct.
Diverse Modes of Reactivity of 6‐(Chloromethyl)‐6‐methylfulvene
Authors: Erden Ihsan , Gronert Scott , Cabrera Gabriel , Coskun Necdet , Tapken Marco
Published: April 2017

The title compound exhibits a number of modes of reactivity toward nucleophiles/bases owing to the presence of several electrophilic and potentially nucleophilic sites in the molecule. We explored the reactions of 6‐(chloromethyl)‐6‐methylfulvene with oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles and bases as well as a carbon‐based nucleophile (an enamine) and realized all possible reactivity modes predicted on the basis of electrophilic and nucleophilic positions in this compound.
Electrode Modification through Click Chemistry Using Ni and Co Alkyne Phthalocyanines for Electrocatalytic Detection of Hydrazine
Authors: O'Donoghue Charles S. J. N. , Shumba Munyaradzi , Nyokong Tebello
Published: April 2017

This work reports on the development of sensors for the detection of hydrazine using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with phthalocyanines through click chemistry. Tetrakis(5‐hexyn‐oxy) cobalt(II) phthalocyanine (complex 2) and tetrakis(5‐hexyn‐oxy) nickel(II) phthalocyanine (complex 3) were employed as electrode modifiers for hydrazine detection. The GCE was first grafted via the in situ diazotization of a diazonium salt, rendering the GCE surface layered with azide groups. From this point, the 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction, catalysed by a copper catalyst was utilised to “click” the phthalocyanines to the surface of the grafted GCE. The modified electrodes were characterized by scanning electrochemical microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The electrografted CoP2‐clicked‐GCE and NiP3‐clicked‐GCE exhibited electrocatalytic activity towards the detection of hydrazine. The limit of detection (LoD) for the CoPc‐GCE was 6.09 μM, while the NiPc‐GCE had a LoD of 8.69 μM. The sensitivity was 51.32 μA mM−1 for the CoPc‐GCE and 111.2 μA mM−1 for the NiPc‐GCE.
Customized Bio‐functionalization of Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing: A Mini Review
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Baeza Mireia
Published: April 2017

Over the past few decades, the (bio)functionalization of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as nanohorns, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphite and related with a wide range of (bio)modifiers have been extensively studied for their incorporation on different pure metal or carbon electrode surfaces via drop‐casting. However, CNMs are also shown to be important functional additives for polymers, having great potential to produce rigid nanocomposite materials with a range of enhanced properties, including mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal and electrochemical. The high malleability derived from the host polymer allows alternative strategies that can be carried out in order to incorporate different types of (bio)modifiers in/on/into a polymeric nanocomposite electrode. Accordingly, this mini review overviews the main methodologies used for the bio‐functionalization of electrochemical transducers based on nanocomposite carbon paste electrodes (NC‐CPEs). Additionally, the most extensively (bio)modifiers used in electrochemical (bio)sensing, together with their various electrocatalytical performance are also discussed, fact that might serve as a general outlook for planning further research.
Electrokinetic device design and constraints for use in high conductance solutions
Authors: Heineck D. P. , Lewis J. M. , Heller M. J.
Published: April 2017

The quest for new cell‐free DNA and exosome biomarker‐based molecular diagnostics require fast and efficient sample preparation techniques. Conventional methods for isolating these biomarkers from blood are both time‐consuming and laborious. New electrokinetic microarray devices using dielectrophoresis (DEP) to isolate cell‐free DNA and exosome biomarkers have now greatly improved the sample preparation process. Nevertheless, these devices still have some limitations when used with high conductance biological fluids, e.g. blood, plasma, and serum. This study demonstrates that electrochemical damage may occur on the platinum electrodes of DEP microarray devices. It further examines two model device designs that include a parallel wire arrangement and a planar array. Effective isolation of fluorescent beads with parallel wires is shown under low‐conductance conditions (10−4 S/m), but electrothermal flow overcomes DEP forces under high conductance conditions (>0.1 S/m). Planar devices are shown to be effective under high conductance conditions (∼1 S/m) without the deleterious effects of electrothermal flow. This study provides new insights into design compromises and limitations for producing future electrokinetic devices for better performance with high conductance solutions.
A rapid nuclear staining test using cationic dyes contributes to efficient STR analysis of telogen hair roots
Authors: Lee So‐Yeon , Ha Eun‐Ju , Woo Seung‐Kyun , Lee So‐Min , Lim Kyung‐Hee , Eom Yong‐Bin
Published: April 2017

Telogen hairs presented in the crime scene are commonly encountered as trace evidence. However, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling of the hairs currently have low and limited use due to poor success rate. To increase the success rate of STR profiling of telogen hairs, we developed a rapid and cost‐effective method to estimate the number of nuclei in the hair roots. Five cationic dyes, Methyl green (MG), Harris hematoxylin (HH), Methylene blue (MB), Toluidine blue (TB), and Safranin O (SO) were evaluated in this study. We conducted a screening test based on microscopy and the percentage of loss with nuclear DNA, in order to select the best dye. MG was selected based on its specific nuclei staining and low adverse effect on the hair‐associated nuclear DNA. We examined 330 scalp and 100 pubic telogen hairs with MG. Stained hairs were classified into five groups and analyzed by STR. The fast staining method revealed 70% (head hair) and 33.4% (pubic hair) of full (30 alleles) and high partial (18–29 alleles) STR profiling proportion from the lowest nuclei count group (one to ten nuclei). The results of this study demonstrated a rapid, specific, nondestructive, and high yield DNA profiling method applicable for screening telogen hairs.
Eating‐related Psychopathology and Food Addiction in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Albayrak Özgür , Föcker Manuel , Kliewer Josephine , Esber Simon , Peters Triinu , de Zwaan Martina , Hebebrand Johannes
Published: April 2017

Objective

Our aims were to investigate the relationship between food addiction and mental disorders including eating disorders (ED), eating‐related psychopathology and body mass index‐standard deviation score in a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

Methods

Food addiction was assessed with the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). Eating‐related psychopathology was measured with the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. The sample consisted of n = 242 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, of which n = 37 (15.3%) met criteria for an ED. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between YFAS symptom count, TFEQ scales and ED controlling for age and gender.

Results

Food addiction frequency was 16.5%, and the mean YFAS symptom count was 2.39 (SD: 1.60). In patients with food addiction, TFEQ scale scores were significantly higher than patients without food addiction. Frequency of ED was 42.9% in patients with and 9.9% in patients without food addiction. The TFEQ subscales disinhibition and hunger as well as diagnosis of ED were associated with YFAS symptom count.

Discussion

Food addiction in adolescent psychiatric inpatients occurs with rates higher than those seen in community samples of children, adolescents and adults. Food addiction might be associated with eating styles related to susceptibility to hunger and feelings of loss of control. The implications of high‐YFAS scores in restricting‐type anorexia nervosa warrant further investigations to explore which and how the respective items are interpreted in this ED subgroup. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
QoS‐aware scheduling algorithms to enhance user satisfaction in OFDMA systems
Authors: Costa Neto Francisco Hugo , Bezerra Rodrigues Emanuel , Aguiar Sousa Diego , Ferreira Maciel Tarcisio , Porto Cavalcanti Francisco Rodrigo
Published: April 2017

This work aims the development of scheduling algorithms to maximize user satisfaction index in the downlink of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access network, considering different traffic models of Non‐Real Time and Real Time services; and more realistic channel conditions, eg, imperfect Channel State Information. To solve the problem of maximizing the satisfaction with affordable complexity, a cross layer optimization approach uses the utility theory to formulate the problem as a weighted sum rate maximization. Aiming at the maximization of the satisfaction of users of Non‐Real Time and Real Time services, 2 scheduling algorithms are proposed: Modified Throughput Satisfaction Maximization and Modified Delay‐based Satisfaction Maximization, respectively. The modification of parameters of the shifted log‐logistic utility function enables different strategies of distribution of resources. System level simulations indicate the accomplishment of the objective of development of efficient and low complexity scheduling algorithms able to maximize the satisfaction indexes. These strategies can be useful to the network operator who is able to design and operate the network according to a planned user satisfaction profile.
Complete metabolic response (CMR) in positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) scans may have prognostic significance in patients with marginal zone lymphomas (MZL)
Authors: Park Ji Hyun , Kim Shin , Ryu Jin Sook , Lee Sang‐wook , Park Chan‐sik , Huh Jooryung , Suh Cheolwon
Published: April 2017

Although clinical use of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) scans is well established in aggressive lymphomas, its prognostic value in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) remains yet unclear. Hence, we investigated potential role of PET‐CT in predicting MZL patients' outcomes following systemic chemotherapy. A total of 32 patients with MZL who received first‐line chemotherapy were included in the analysis. They all underwent pretreatment, interim, and posttreatment PET‐CT scans. The primary objective was to evaluate the role of complete metabolic response (CMR) in posttreatment PET‐CT scans in predicting progression‐free survival (PFS). Compared with non‐CMR group, 5‐year PFS rate was significantly higher in patients who achieved CMR in posttreatment PET‐CT (54.2% vs 0.0%, P = .003) and also in patients gaining CMR in interim PET‐CT scans (62.5% vs 15.6%, P = .026). Interestingly, early CMR group, who achieved and maintained CMR in both interim and posttreatment PET‐CT scans, showed significantly higher 5‐year PFS than those with delayed or never CMR group (62.5% vs 37.5% vs 0%, P = .008). Therefore, interim and/or posttreatment CMR can be prognostic at least in these subsets of patients with MZL treated with chemotherapy.
Freshwater flow to the San Francisco Bay‐Delta estuary over nine decades (Part 1): Trend evaluation
Authors: Hutton Paul H. , Rath John S. , Roy Sujoy B.
Published: April 2017

The San Francisco Bay‐Delta estuary and its upstream watershed have been highly modified since exploration and settlement by Europeans in the mid‐18th century. Although these hydrologic alterations supported the growth of California's economy to the eighth largest in the world, they have been accompanied by significant declines in native aquatic species and subsequent efforts to reverse these declines through flow management. To inform ongoing deliberations on management of freshwater flows to the estuary, we examined a recent nine‐decade hydrologic record to evaluate seasonal and annual trends in reported Delta outflow. Statistically significant trends were observed in seasonal outflows, with decreasing trends observed in 4 months (February, April, May, and November) and increasing trends observed in 2 months (July and August). Trend significance in early‐to‐mid autumn (September and October) is ambiguous due to uncertainty associated with in‐Delta agricultural water use. In spite of increasing water use over the period examined, we found no statistically significant annual trend in Delta outflow, a result likely due to large inter‐annual variability. Linkages between outflow trends and changes in upstream flows and coincident developments such as reservoir construction and operation, out‐of‐basin imports and exports, and expansion of irrigated agriculture are discussed. To eliminate inter‐annual variability as a factor, change attribution is explored using modelled flows and fixed climatology in a companion paper.
The role of time‐varying return forecasts for improving international diversification benefits
Authors: Miralles‐Quiros Maria del Mar , Miralles‐Quiros Jose Luis
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the international diversification benefits obtained employing not only time‐varying volatility forecasts but also time‐varying return forecasts from a multivariate approach that considers the dynamic relationships in return series as well as in volatilities and correlations. To that end, instead of using market indexes from different investment areas, we employ exchange trade funds actively traded on the New York Stock Exchange in recent years. It avoids nonsynchronous problems as well as allowing us to allocate internationally on a daily basis for which this approach is especially appropriate. Our overall results show that using this technique, it is possible to obtain economic gains and outperform the common benchmark strategies, even when the costs associated with the daily rebalance of each portfolio are taken into account.
Gender‐specific histopathological response in guppies Poecilia reticulata exposed to glyphosate or its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid
Authors: Antunes Adriana Maria , Rocha Thiago Lopes , Pires Fernando Santiago , de Freitas Meire Alves , Leite Vanessa Rafaela Milhomem Cruz , Arana Sarah , Moreira Paulo César , Sabóia‐Morais Simone Maria Teixeira
Published: April 2017

Ecotoxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was investigated in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. We tested the effects of these chemicals on the gills and liver of both male and female guppies using qualitative and quantitative histopathological analyses associated with histopathological condition indexes. Both genders showed similar median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h for GLY (68.78 and 70.87 mg l−1) and AMPA (180 and 164.32 mg l−1). However, the histopathological assessment of both fish organs exposed to sublethal concentrations of GLY (35 mg l−1) and AMPA (82 mg l−1) for 96 h showed a tissue‐ and gender‐specific histopathological response. In both exposure assays, fish presented mainly progressive changes, such as proliferation of the interlamellar epithelium, partial and total fusion of secondary lamellae. The liver showed mainly regressive changes, such as steatosis, pyknotic nuclei and high distribution of collagen fibers. Unusually large hepatocytes as degenerated cells were also detected. Histopathological changes in gills were similar for the males and females, but the liver response was different between the genders. The hepatic inflammatory changes were more common in males. The increase in the area of hepatocyte vacuoles is gender dependent with higher values in the male compared to the female guppies exposed to GLY and AMPA. Multiparametric analysis indicated that the male guppies are more sensitive than females, particularly in the presence of AMPA. Our study shows that the histopathological assessment associated with gender‐specific response can be successfully used in ecotoxicological assessment of GLY and the metabolite AMPA. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
libKEDF: An accelerated library of kinetic energy density functionals
Authors: Dieterich Johannes M. , Witt William C. , Carter Emily A.
Published: April 2017

Kinetic energy density functionals (KEDFs) approximate the kinetic energy of a system of electrons directly from its electron density. They are used in electronic structure methods that lack direct access to orbitals, for example, orbital‐free density functional theory (OFDFT) and certain embedding schemes. In this contribution, we introduce libKEDF, an accelerated library of modern KEDF implementations that emphasizes nonlocal KEDFs. We discuss implementation details and assess the performance of the KEDF implementations for large numbers of atoms. We show that using libKEDF, a single computing node or (GPU) accelerator can provide easy computational access to mesoscale chemical and materials science phenomena using OFDFT algorithms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contributions of 3D Cell Cultures for Cancer Research
Authors: Ravi Maddaly , Ramesh Aarthi , Pattabhi Aishwarya
Published: April 2017

Cancer cell lines have contributed immensely in understanding the complex physiology of cancers. They are excellent material for studies as they offer homogenous samples without individual variations and can be utilised with ease and flexibility. Also, the number of assays and end‐points one can study is almost limitless; with the advantage of improvising, modifying or altering several variables and methods. Literally, a new dimension to cancer research has been achieved by the advent of 3Dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques. This approach increased many folds the ways in which cancer cell lines can be utilised for understanding complex cancer biology. 3D cell culture techniques are now the preferred way of using cancer cell lines to bridge the gap between the ‘absolute in vitro’ and ‘true in vivo’. The aspects of cancer biology that 3D cell culture systems have contributed include morphology, microenvironment, gene and protein expression, invasion/migration/metastasis, angiogenesis, tumour metabolism and drug discovery, testing chemotherapeutic agents, adaptive responses and cancer stem cells. We present here, a comprehensive review on the applications of 3D cell culture systems for these aspects of cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2679–2697, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of dentin pretreatment with potassium oxalate: A 6‐year follow‐up
Authors: Celerino de Moraes Porto Isabel Cristina , de Sousa Gomes Costa Joatan Lucas , Nascimento da Silva Lopes Marcio Rafael , Duarte de Freitas Johnnatan , Lins Macêdo de Oliveira Isabelle , Queiroz de Melo Monteiro Gabriela , Japiassú Resende Montes Marcos Antônio
Published: April 2017

Oxalate‐based products are effective against dentine sensitivity and have been studied as an option to improve long‐term adhesive bonding strength. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of potassium oxalate on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of the dentin/resin interface after 24 h, 1, and 6 years. Dentin on the occlusal surface of 16 human premolars was exposed and etched with 35% phosphoric acid. The teeth were divided into four groups. Two groups received 3% monohydrated potassium oxalate and the following adhesive systems and composites: Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose + FiltekZ350 (3M/ESPE) and Prime & Bond NT + Esthet‐X (Dentsply). Two control groups did not receive potassium oxalate. Teeth were cut into sticks and kept in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, 1, and 6 years. The sticks underwent µTBS testing after storage. ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired t test were used to compare storage times (α = 0.05). The fracture mode of the specimens was classified under a stereomicroscope (40×). Morphology of the hybrid layer and the fracture pattern were observed with scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Mean µTBS was high at 24 h and decreased after 1 and 6 years. After 6 years, the mean µTBS values were similar with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = .121). SEM images showed proper dentin hybridization. Dentin pretreatment with potassium oxalate did not affect hybrid layer formation, but bond strength decreased over time after 24 h. Therefore, the clinical use of potassium oxalate to increase dentin bond durability is not indicated.
Marburg virus‐like particles produced in insect cells induce neutralizing antibodies in rhesus macaques
Authors: Weiwei Gai , Xuexing Zheng , Chong Wang , Yongkun Zhao , Qi Wang , Hualei Wang , Gary Wong , Ying Xie , Haijun Wang , Zengguo Cao , Na Feng , Hang Chi , Tiecheng Wang , Yuwei Gao , Junjie Shan , Songtao Yang , Xianzhu Xia
Published: April 2017

Marburg virus (MARV), which is one of the most virulent agents in the world, causes lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) with a mortality rate of up to 90%. Currently, there is no effective treatment or approved vaccine for MARV for human use to control disease outbreak and spread. Virus‐like particles (VLPs), which are morphologically identical to the native infectious virus particle, are efficacious as vaccines against many viruses, including human papilloma virus (HPV), porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2 and hepatitis B virus (HBV). In this study, we generated MARV virus‐like particles (VLPs) by co‐expressing a glycoprotein (GP) and matrix protein (VP40) using the baculovirus expression system. Rhesus macaques vaccinated with MARV VLPs mixed with adjuvant Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP‐II) produced a GP‐specific IgG titer of up to 1:1280 and virus‐neutralizing antibody titers that reached 1:320. MARV VLPs also elicited interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) secretion associated with T‐helper 1 cell (Th1)‐ and T‐helper 2 cell (Th2)‐mediated immunity, as detected using enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. These data indicate that MARV VLPs mixed with adjuvant PCP‐II have excellent immunogenicity in rhesus macaques and may be a promising candidate vaccine against MARV.
Obtention and characterization of dried gels prepared with whey proteins, honey and hydrocolloids mixture
Authors: Rodriguez Ana C , Torrez Irigoyen Martín R , Navarro Alba S , Yamul Diego K
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Large amounts of honey and liquid whey derived from the dairy industry are produced in Argentina. Honey is exported in bulk and whey is transformed into whey protein concentrates and isolates. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of pH, composition and storage time on the properties of dried gels with honey, whey proteins and hydrocolloids.

RESULTS

Color properties varied according to pH and composition. The fracture stress of dried gels prepared with corn starch was higher than that of gels prepared with guar gum in all conditions assayed. Young's modulus was higher at pH 7 for both compositions and increased with storage time. Rubbery characteristics were found in dried gels with guar gum, while both corn starch and guar gum made the microstructure rougher. Multivariate analysis showed that samples could be grouped by pH. Panelists preferred pH 7 products over acidic ones, and no significant differences in sensory properties were found using either corn starch or guar gum in the formulation.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new product, which may open new applications for honey and whey in food formulations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Preconcentration and determination of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and experimental design
Authors: Pourbasheer Eslam , Qasemi Farnaz , Rouhi Maryam , Azari Zhila , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2017

A method was developed to determine 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole in water and urine samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. It was essential to peruse the effect of all parameters that can likely influence the performance of extraction. The influence of parameters, such as dispersive and extraction solvent volume and sample volume, on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was studied. The optimization was carried out by the central composite design method. The central composite design optimization method resulted in 1.10 mL dispersive solvent, 138.46 μL extraction solvent, and 4.46 mL sample volume. Under the optimal terms, the calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.003–0.18 and 0.007–0.18 μg/mL in water and urine samples, respectively. The limit of detection and quantification of the proposed approach for 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole were 0.013 and 0.044 μg/mL in water samples and 0.016 and 0.052 μg/mL in urine samples, respectively. The method was successfully applied to determination of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole in urine and water samples.
Mammalian mesocarnivore visitation at tortoise burrows in a wind farm
Authors: Agha Mickey , Smith Amanda L. , Lovich Jeffrey E. , Delaney David , Ennen Joshua R. , Briggs Jessica , Fleckenstein Leo J. , Tennant Laura A. , Puffer Shellie R. , Walde Andrew , Arundel Terence R. , Price Steven J. , Todd Brian D.
Published: April 2017

There is little information on predator–prey interactions in wind energy landscapes in North America, especially among terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we evaluated how proximity to roads and wind turbines affect mesocarnivore visitation with desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) and their burrows in a wind energy landscape. In 2013, we placed motion‐sensor cameras facing the entrances of 46 active desert tortoise burrows in a 5.2‐km2 wind energy facility near Palm Springs, California, USA. Cameras recorded images of 35 species of reptiles, mammals, and birds. Counts for 4 species of mesocarnivores at desert tortoise burrows increased closer to dirt roads, and decreased closer to wind turbines. Our results suggest that anthropogenic infrastructure associated with wind energy facilities could influence the general behavior of mammalian predators and their prey. Further investigation of proximate mechanisms that underlie road and wind turbine effects (i.e., ground vibrations, sound emission, and traffic volume) and on wind energy facility spatial designs (i.e., road and wind turbine configuration) could prove useful for better understanding wildlife responses to wind energy development. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Nest site selection and nest survival of eastern wild turkeys in a pyric landscape
Authors: Yeldell Nathan A. , Cohen Bradley S. , Little Andrew R. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J.
Published: April 2017

Pine (Pinus spp.)‐dominated forests are commonly managed with prescribed fire in the southeastern United States to reduce fuel loads, maintain diverse plant communities, and increase habitat quality for wildlife. Prescribed fire alters understory vegetation, which is a key component of nesting habitat for ground‐nesting birds. We assessed the influences of vegetation, prescribed fire, and landscape features (e.g., roads, edge) on nest site selection and nest survival of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in a pine‐dominated ecosystem in west‐central Louisiana. We radio‐marked 55 female wild turkeys and evaluated vegetation and landscape characteristics associated with 69 nests during the 2014 and 2015 reproductive periods. We used conditional logistic regressions with matched‐pairs case‐control sampling and information‐theoretic approaches to determine if vegetation characteristics within 15 m of a nest site, distances to surrounding vegetation communities and edges, and prescribed fire history of patches where a nest was located influenced nest site selection. We calculated hazard ratios for covariates in our top‐performing models to determine if any of these characteristics affected nest site survival. Turkeys in our study had a longer reproductive season and higher nesting and renesting rates relative to other populations in the southeastern United States. At the local scale, turkeys nested in areas with higher percent ground cover vegetation. At the landscape scale, turkeys nested closer to roads and farther from edges of 2 plant communities. Turkeys selected to nest in forest stands burned 2 years prior. Nest survival was not affected by percent ground cover, distance to roads, or distance to edge but was negatively associated with time‐since‐fire; turkey nests in stands burned ≥3 years prior had lower survival than nests in stands burned the current year. We suggest that burning on a 3‐year fire return interval is compatible with management for wild turkeys in southeastern pine‐dominated forests. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Femtosecond Laser Micro Milling Using Special Trepanning Optics
Authors: Friedel Susanna , Stolberg Klaus
Published: April 2017

Micromachining methods like electrical discharge machining (micro‐EDM), chemical etching, mechanical micro milling or thermal laser machining, are limited by material properties like chemical reactivity, optical absorption, electrical conductivity, and melting point. Also, the demand for a wall steepness of 90°, a feature size of < 100 μm, radius of curvature < 20 μm, or the required process speed limit the choice of the appropriate technology. Here, the combination of ultrafast lasers with a special optical setup enables new solutions.
Laser Marking of Small Manufacturing Lots at High Throughput
Authors: Eichner Natalie
Published: April 2017

Laser labeling and marking of metal serial parts is a well established technology in industrial manufacturing. From part or serial numbers to Data‐Matrix codes or logos, such data can be applied to parts permanently, quickly, and cost efficient. However, there are several ways to integrate laser labeling into manufacturing processes depending on volumes, production process, and desired degree of automation. Laser labeling units with rotary indexing tables are common, as provided by Trotec, e.g., to a customer for labeling metal filter caps.