bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of leg dominance on the symmetry in body balance measurements
Authors: Hadamus Anna , Gulatowska Michalina , Ferenc Aneta , Shahnazaryan Karen , Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka Grażyna , Błażkiewicz Michalina
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to assess the influence of leg dominance on the symmetry of body balance during one-leg standing tasks. Methods: Ninety-six healthy adults were enrolled in this study. Leg dominance was defined using Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) and body balance was measured in one-leg standing test on firm surface (eyes open and closed) and on the foam surface (eyes open). Symmetry Index (SI) of balance parameters was correlated with the results of WFQ-R. Results: The analysis showed that each participant had better test results for one leg compared to the other, and for most participants and test conditions, the more stable lower limb was the right one. No significant correlations were found between WFQ-R and SI. Conclusions: Leg dominance does not seem to affect the ability to maintain body balance on one leg standing on a stable or foam surface within the conditions tested in this study. Nevertheless, some asymmetry between right and left leg standing is visible in healthy adults.
Regional Variations in the Role of Dairy Farming in Agriculture of Russia’s Non-Black Earth Zone
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, Yurchenko T.  V. , Surovtsev V. N. ,   Institute of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development of the St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2025

Dairy farming plays a pivotal role in agricultural production as it helps optimize the use of farmland. This study aims to evaluate the impact of dairy farming on the growth of agricultural output and changes in cultivated land areas in Russia’s Non-Black Earth Zone. Methodologically, the research relies on econometric analysis of panel data, Moran’s spatial autocorrelation methods, and statistical grouping techniques. The study employs a dataset from the Russian State Statistics Service, covering agricultural and dairy farming trends in 29 regions of the Non-Black Earth Zone from 1991 to 2021. Using Moran’s spatial autocorrelation, regions were grouped into three categories: “northern,” “central,” and “southern.” The findings reveal significant regional variations in the influence of dairy farming on agricultural output. The contribution of dairy farming to the agricultural gross product varied over time, with notable positive impacts observed in the period after 2012. In the northern and central regions, dairy farming is a major factor, with its importance increasing the further north the region is located. On average, the elasticity of gross agricultural output with respect to dairy production is 0.707 in the northern, 0.583 in the central, and 0.482 in the southern regions. The latter, being more suited to beef cattle farming and crop production, show no statistically significant impact from dairy farming. The number of cows remains a crucial factor for dairy production in the northern and central regions, influencing both the intensity of arable land use and the size of cultivated areas.
Risks and Prospects for Russian Regional Export Development in the Face of the Global Energy Transition
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Sokolova Y. D.
Published: January 2025

Export development is a priority for the Russian economy, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable economic growth. In this context, understanding the determinants of regional export development is essential. In their export activities, Russian companies face a range of limiting factors, many of which have been thoroughly examined, with corresponding mitigation strategies incorporated into export plans. However, the role of the global climate agenda and the energy transition in shaping export development remains largely unexplored for Russian regions. The shift of focus to fulfilling environmental goals creates a new type of economic risk for exporters — transitional climate risks, which intensified after February 2022. This study investigates the comprehensive impact of the global energy transition on export flows in Russian regions and identifies region-specific factors that influence how the energy shift affects export levels. The hypothesis is that the global energy transition creates both risks and opportunities for Russian regions, with varying effects depending on the specific components of the energy shift and the socio-economic and environmental characteristics of each region. Using the gravity equation with the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) technique, the study finds that the impact of the global energy transition on Russian regional exports is multidirectional. First, environmental regulations in partner countries reduce exports from many Russian regions by 0.3 %, though regions with favorable socio-economic conditions for innovation and active regional environmental policies see an increase in exports—by 0.3 % and 0.7 %, respectively. Second, the production of alternative energy in partner countries decreases Russian exports by 0.2 %. Finally, exports from mineral-abundant Russian regions benefit from the global energy transition. These findings contribute to the literature on Russian export promotion and offer valuable policy insights for addressing the challenges and opportunities posed by the global energy transition.
Decoupling as a Tool for Assessing the Sustainable Development of Industrial Complexes
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Urasova A. A. , Glezman L. V. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedoseeva S. S. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2025

Accelerated industrial growth and technologisation bring to the foreground issues of environmental impact, making it crucial to assess how industrial production affects the environment. This assessment is crucial for measuring progress toward the sustainable development of regional industrial complexes. The study posits that the decoupling effect is a key indicator for evaluating these prospects. The study proposes a theoretical approach that links the sustainable development of industrial complexes with environmental conditions, alongside a methodology for assessing the decoupling effect. This methodology combines correlation analysis, an audit system of environmental and economic metrics, and the OECD’s decoupling framework. Through this lens, the study examines industrial complexes in the Ural Economic Region (Russia) from 2016 to 2022, revealing a stable relationship between economic growth and environmental conditions in these areas. The combined use of these methods is a key advantage, enabling the positioning of industrial complexes within a sustainable development matrix. This matrix evaluates both the magnitude of the decoupling effect and environmental impact. The analysis identifies the industrial complexes of Perm Krai, Orenburg, and Sverdlovsk regions as dynamically sustainable; the Kurgan Oblast, and the Republics of Bashkortostan and Udmurtia as relatively sustainable; and the Chelyabinsk Oblast as transitioning toward sustainability. The findings open pathways for future research on the decoupling effect as both an indicator and a tool for achieving sustainable industrial development. Moreover, they provide a basis for defining strategic directions and limitations for sustainable industrial growth in an environmentally conscious economy, while positioning specific complexes within the broader framework of Russia’s environmental and economic industrial development.
Exploring the Link Between Provincial Exports and Economic Growth: Evidence from Türkiye
Authors:   Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Sarihan A. Y. , Bayir M. ,   Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University
Published: January 2025

Exports play a vital role, particularly for developing countries, and economic growth remains a central goal for all nations. Over time, numerous approaches have sought to understand and explain the causal relationship between exports and macroeconomic indicators, with extensive studies conducted on the subject. This research examines the relationship between exports and economic growth using panel data analysis at the provincial level in Türkiye, offering a unique perspective compared to traditional country-level analyses. Given that international trade is often studied at the national or enterprise level, this province-focused approach provides distinctive insights. The study covers the period from 2004 to 2020 and employs the Westerlund ECM Cointegration Test, Panel ARDL, and Dumitrescu & Hurlin Causality Test as analytical methods. The findings reveal both cointegration and bidirectional causality between provincial exports and economic growth. Furthermore, increases in exports positively impact economic growth in both the short and long term. Notably, the effect is more pronounced in provinces with well-developed tourism and industrial sectors.
Studying the occurrence of intermittent currents in a converter with accessory voltage
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Avdzeiko Vladimir , Drozdova Anastasiya ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Rulevskiy Viktor ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Lyapunov Danil ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: January 2025

The article considers the scheme of the converter with accessory voltage and the link of intermediate conversion of elec-tric energy parameters on alternating current, made on the basis of two bridge voltage inverters with serial connection of output windings. The first unregulated inverter is made with 180° control, and the second - with a full range of output voltage regulation. The total output voltage of the inverters contains an unregulated constant component and an ad-justable pulse component. The amplitude of the output voltage of the regulated inverter is selected based on the re-quired range of regulation of the converter output voltage. The article presents the results of studying the influence of the amplitude and duration of the pulse component on the ripple current of the inductors and the voltage on the filter capacitors, on the value of the current of the regulated inverter keys, as well as on the conditions of the intermittent cur-rents in the inductor of the converter output filter. It has been proved that the converter with accessory voltage provides reduction of ripple current of inductors and voltage on the capacitors of input and output filters, as well as the current of the regulated inverter keys, in comparison with the converter scheme with a full range of output voltage regulation. The results are obtained on a model assembled using MATLAB Simulink software.
Technical and economic comparison of high-voltage frequency converters in electric-driven gas pumping units
Authors:   LLC «TSN-Electro», Kryukov Oleg , Gulyaev Igor ,   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University
Published: January 2025

The article considers the prospects of frequency regulation in the productivity of electric-driven gas pumping units of large capacity at compressor stations of main gas transport. The advantages of electric-driven compressor technological units over gas turbine units are being substantiated. The article presents the analysis of topology features and energy characteristics of modern high-voltage frequency converters for modernisation and new construction of megawatt-class electric-drive compressor stations at PJSC Gazprom facilities. Classification and features of circuit structures and func-tional capabilities of domestically produced multilevel converters for improving energy efficiency and reliability of gas compressor units have been proposed. The topology evaluation of high-voltage frequency converters by the method of direct technical and economic comparison of six variants for synchronous electric drive of megawatt class, including electric-driven gas pumping units of compressor stations has been presented. The research was carried out with the main indicators of technical and economic character: cost, operational reliability, degree of distortion in the output voltage and current, electromagnetic compatibility with the supply network, efficiency and mass-size characteristics. The esti-mated cost price of the high-voltage converter is being accepted as a cost indicator. The methodology of approximate calculation of the product cost based on the cost of the main components of the power part of the frequency converter has been developed. Verification of the obtained results of the cost calculation showed their good convergence with the prices for converters of different manufacturers. The technical and economic comparison of topology variants is car-ried out by the method of the best solution search by many criteria at different level of their significance and IT-algorithms. The results are expressed both numerically and verbally. An expert heuristic system of optimum variant selection based on the methodology of neuro-fuzzy logic has been applied for multi-criteria evaluation of the options.
Experimental determination of the frequency characteristics of a two-wire cable line
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Logunov Andrei , Shlyk Yuri ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: January 2025

The primary and frequency-dependent secondary parameters of a two-wire cable line are experimentally determined for application within the algorithm of its fault location. The object of the study is a two-core cable of КММц brand, the instrument of parameters fixation is an E7-20 impedance meter. The Wolfram Mathematica software package was used for analytical calculations. During the cycle of experiments the graphs of amplitude and phase-frequency charac-teristics of input and wave impedances of the line, dependences of attenuation coefficient and phase coefficient of the line in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz were obtained. The actual primary linear parameters of the investigat-ed cable line are experimentally determined.
Finding a fault in a cable network using parameter extraction method
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Kurganov Sergey , Filaretov Vladimir ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: January 2025

The developed algorithm allows to automate the model formation of a cable network with arbitrary structure and local inhomogeneities on the basis of long line equations. To form the symbolic transfer functions of the cable network, the parameter extraction method is applied, which makes it possible to obtain compact symbolic expressions without re-dundant summands. The proposed algorithm based on the priority selection of longitudinal resistance or transverse conductivity modelling the fault allows to bring the cable line model to a compact transcendental equation with respect to the required distance to the fault location. The equation has one solution and is found by an arbitrary numerical method. A generalisation of this model for multiple faults of an arbitrary cable network has been proposed. The accu-racy of finding the fault location is determined by the error of setting the line parameters and measuring the voltages. The algorithm makes it possible to automate the formation of a model for a cable network of arbitrary structure with a fault, in particular, on the basis of the well-known computer programme CirSym for symbolic analysis and diagnostics of electric circuits
Methodology for determining the parameters of the T-shaped equivalent cir-cuit of a two-winding power transformer in an operating mode
Authors:   Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Kostinskiy Sergey , Bogdan Alexander ,   Kuban State Agrarian University, Satsuk Evgeniy ,   JSC «System Operator of the Unified Energy System»
Published: January 2025

The research related to the development and justification of applying the methodology for determining the T-shaped substitution diagram parameters of a two-winding power transformer in the operating mode has been carried out. It is shown that for the implementation of the proposed technique it is necessary to register the arrays of instantaneous val-ues of current and voltage at the terminals of HV winding, as well as at the terminals of LV winding for the same mo-ments of time during the operation of a two-winding power transformer in the operating mode through measuring con-verters and analogue-digital converters. Approbation of the developed methodology was carried out using a computer model of the power supply system, which used a two-winding power transformer with a nominal capacity of 1000 kV-A. The developed methodology allows to determine the parameters of the T-shaped equivalent circuit of the two-winding power transformer without taking it out of operation, thereby reducing the shortage of electricity supply to the end consumers and reducing the losses of the power supplying organization.
Establishment of Categories of Synonymous Relation through Semantic Similarity Analysis
Authors:   The Korean Society Of Bilingualism, Shin Jiwon
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to establish the type of synonymous relation vocabulary by analyzing the semantic similarity. Until now, the definition of synonym has been presented in various ways by scholars, and various approaches exist in analyzing the type accordingly. It is not easy to discriminate actual significance. The reason is that the similarities between vocabulary appear very diverse, and the range of synonyms varies greatly depending on which of these similarities is admitted to be the same. In this paper, in order to determine the degree of similarity of vocabulary in a synonymous relation and to suggest a type classification plan accordingly, a similarity survey will be conducted for native Korean speakers. By analyzing and comparing the colloquial corpus along with the similarity score, looking at the aspects of the synonymous relation vocabulary used with the recognized synonymous relation vocabulary, it will provide an opportunity to establish a hierarchy of synonymous relation vocabulary that has not been organized so far.
The unavoidable recovery of hydraulic heritage: past, present and future in the case of Yecla (Murcia)
Authors: Morales Yago Francisco José
Published: January 2025

The hydraulic heritage of a territory is made up of natural aquatic spaces and elements built by humans in past or present times and that will pass on to the societies of the future if we are able to conserve them. Water use systems have generated an important footprint on the landscape, promoting the creation of hydraulic devices that constitute a heritage that deserves its conservation and enhancement, not only as a cultural and educational legacy, but also as an important tourist resource. Through the field study and detection, as well as the application of the SWOT-CAME tool, the existing hydraulic heritage in the municipality of Yecla (Murcia) is analyzed, presenting lines of work and initiatives that contribute to the generation of employment and investments in a competitive and globalized economy that takes advantage of innovative and complementary opportunities for the commitment to local and territorial development of spaces.
Paisajes del agua en la Zaragoza del siglo XV. Desafíos y patrimonio arqueológico hidráulico de una sociedad bajomedieval
Authors: Pellicer Corellano Francisco , Lacámara Aylón David
Published: January 2025

In this study, we carry out a diachronic reading of the territorial palimpsest in which the city of Zaragoza settled and developed in the 15th century, focused specifically on the analysis of the hydrogeomorphological dynamics that threatened Santa María la Mayor and the abandonment of the usual riverbed, explaining factors unknown to date such as the cutting of the meander of Balsas de Ebro Viejo and its relationship with the bridge under construction. With an interdisciplinary strategy, in keeping with the new way of understanding and acting in the complex system of relationships between natural and cultural components in a late-medieval urban society, the research was based on a hypothesis and an exhaustive search for archival information and historical and geographical documentary sources on water in Zaragoza in the 15th century, developing a conceptual script that integrated the double synchronous dimension of space and the diachronic dimension of time.
Procesos de injusticia socioambiental por la infraestructura hidráulica en Comitancillo bajo el contexto desarrollista del Estado mexicano
Authors: Ramírez Antonio Karen Guadalupe , Méndez-García Elia , Fuente-Carrasco Mario Enrique
Published: January 2025

The objective is to analyze the tensions caused by the development and operation of the hydraulic infrastructure in the community of San Pedro Comitancillo, Oaxaca, Mexico from the social metabolism approach to assess socio-environmental justice through the identification of flows of matter, energy and actors. in the appropriation of the territory at different intensities. A historical reconstruction of the regional water infrastructure under the developmentalist context of the Mexican government was carried out to focus on the particular situation of Comitancillo in water management related to the Tehuantepec Irrigation District. A qualitative methodology was used with in-depth interviews, conversations and participant observation from 2020 to 2022. It was possible to identify situations of socio-environmental injustice derived from actions promoted by the State in the management of hydraulic infrastructure.
A importância das fontes históricas no arquivo da Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente: ocaso do Projeto Archiv-Ave
Authors: Da Silva Costa Francisco , Lopes Cordeiro José Manuel , Batista Vieira António Avelino , Vaz Sofia Manuela Ribeiro
Published: January 2025

The Archiv-Ave project “Digital memory - Documentary heritage of the Ave basin” was born out of the need to recover and rehabilitate the important historical collection of the Portuguese Environment Agency (PEA), in a collaboration between the University of Minho, the PEA and the “Casa de Sarmento”. With this work, we intend to analyze the historical sources that the project allowed to identify and evaluate the activities that were carried out since 2014, the year in which the project began, until the present day, to demonstrate the importance of the organization, conservation and dissemination of a fundamental public archive in the economic history of the rivers of northwest Portugal. The balance we make is extremely positive, as several objectives were largely achieved. Ensuring the continuity of Archiv-Ave is imperative to deepen this anchor project and enable the conservation and dissemination of the documentary heritage of the rivers of northern Portugal.
Dinámica multicausal de la escasez hídrica. El caso de Nonogasta, La Rioja, Argentina
Authors: Palmisano Tomás , Miguel Roberto Esteban
Published: January 2025

In January 2023 the main source of irrigation water for Nonogasta farmers reached historic lows in its flow. To analyse and understand the problem, we applied a heterodox methodological combination of techniques from agrarian social studies and hydrological and hydrogeological studies that included instances of review of the results with farmers in order to delineate a dialogue of knowledge around the multi-causality of water scarcity. Our results show that water conflicts are mainly anchored in the development of extractive policies that do not consider the sustainability of hydrogeological systems. This has been evidenced by small farmers who state the lack of planning as the critical point of the current situation. Hydrological and hydrogeological data put this scenario in numbers and raise questions about the future of water in Nonogasta and the need to reorient its management.
Skundo, la red hídrica de la medina de Tetuán (Marruecos)
Authors: Calvo Serrano Julio , Bernal Montoro Juan Bautista , Martín Martín Adelaida , Vergara-Muñoz Jaime , Martínez-Monedero Miguel
Published: January 2025

The water was a determining factor in the choice of the place where Tetouan was located. At its re- foundation (1484), the expatriates from Granada introduced their culture and knowledge to provide the medina with the necessary social and economic structure, guaranteeing the water supply by means of a system of continuous running water supply that would become known as the Skundo network. This article studies and figures the relevance of this hydraulic system so characteristic of the city of Tetuán. It provides a description of the material elements that make up this network and presents the results of a field study analysing the supply system of 119 dwellings in the medina. These data are used to report on the current state of the Skundo network, assessing its heritage value.
A Preliminary Study on Teachers' Awareness and Knowledge of Speech-Language Therapy in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Authors: Ahmad Affizal Ahmad , Vesualingam Malarvini , Zakaria Mohd Normani
Published: January 2025

Speech-language therapists (SLTs) are experienced in recognising the symptoms and signs of speech-language disorders and can help the afflicted children overcome those disorders with appropriate intervention. Furthermore, with the increase in the number of children with special educational needs, teachers are expected to identify students with speech-language disorders, which is also a shared responsibility of SLTs. However, the teachers’ awareness and knowledge of speech-language therapy are relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the primary school teachers' awareness and knowledge of speech-language therapy services in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A total of 105 primary school teachers participated in this survey-based study. The findings discovered that the teachers' awareness and knowledge were limited. Among the participants, only 25.7% indicated a high awareness and knowledge regarding the SLTs' roles, yet 68.6% of the teachers had never read about speech-language therapy, and 63.8% had never heard anything about SLPs previously. Consequently, more emphasis on awareness and knowledge of SLPs should be executed for schoolteachers. This will assist the schoolteachers in identifying children with special needs in need of SLT services in the future.
Knowledge and Awareness of Avulsed Tooth Management Among Dental Surgery Assistants at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Dental Polyclinic
Authors: M. P. Sockalingam S. Nagarajan , Zakaria Ahmad Shuhud Irfani
Published: January 2025

Tooth avulsion is a dental emergency that needs prompt treatment to minimise complications. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of avulsed tooth management among dental surgery assistants at the UKM Dental Polyclinic. This survey research design of a 19-item questionnaire was distributed to 59 dental surgery assistants (DSAs). The questionnaire consisted of demographic profile questions and questions regarding awareness and knowledge of tooth avulsion and its immediate management. The results showed that 78% of DSAs at the Institute know about first aid management of avulsed teeth, with the majority being taught during their training course. Moreover, 96.2% of the DSAs know what tooth avulsion is and recognise it as a dental emergency. Although 75% of the DSAs have never previously handled any avulsed tooth case, 50% are confident in advising the public on what to do with an avulsed tooth at the time of injury. As for the specific management questions of an avulsed tooth, the responses from the DSAs varied according to the questions, ranging from 50% to 85%. DSAs at the Institute have varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding tooth avulsion. Therefore, regular education programmes on dental trauma and its management will help improve the DSAs’ current knowledge and ability to manage avulsion injuries better in emergencies.

Keywords

Awareness; Dental trauma; Dental assistant; Knowledge; Tooth avulsion
Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Fecal AFB1 Metabolite in AFB1-Exposed Rats
Authors: Shaharudin Muhammad Firdhaus , Shafie Siti Raihanah , Abdullah Maizaton Atmadini , Abd Ghani Fauzah , Sabran Mohd Redzwan
Published: January 2025

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi. Finding in the literature has shown the potential of probiotic treatment to alleviate AFB1 toxicity. This study explores the effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal health, and excretion of fecal AFB1 metabolite of AFB1-exposed rats. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, AFB1, AFB1+LcS and LcS groups. AFB1 was given at a complete dosage of 25 µg AFB1/kg body weight, while LcS supplementation at 2×109 CFU/mL per day for four weeks. The average body weight of the AFB1 group showed no significant increase from week 2 to 4, while other groups had an increment throughout the study. Besides, AFB1 and AFB1+LcS groups had significantly reduced food intake throughout the treatment. AFB1 exposure caused several changes in the histomorphometry parameters but was normalized with LcS supplementation. Besides, all intestinal parts of the AFB1 groups showed mild to moderate inflammation while only mild inflammation was observed in the jejunum and ileum of the AFB1+LcS group. Fecal Bifidobacterium spp. counts showed an increment in three groups, while the AFB1 group showed a significant reduction. In addition, the fecal AFB1 in the AFB1 group was significantly lower than in the AFB1+LcS group. In conclusion, AFB1 affected growth performance and intestinal health, and wherein the effect was alleviated by LcS supplementation. Further investigation on intestinal permeability and serum and urinary AFB1 level is suggested to understand the mechanism of probiotic-AFB1 interaction in alleviating AFB1 toxicity.

Keywords

Aflatoxin B1; Probiotics; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota; Intestinal health
A survey of the use of ingredients and packaging in the manufacture of fish-based snack in Selangor
Authors: Ahmad Sabri Nik Nur Atiqah Nasuha , Malek Rivan Nurul Fatin , Adenan Mohd Noor Hidayat , Haron Hasnah
Published: January 2025

Keropok lekor is a fish-based snack and traditional food originating from the East Coast of
Peninsular Malaysia, especially in Terengganu. This study was conducted to identify the
ingredients and packaging used in the manufacturing of keropok lekor by entrepreneurs in
Selangor. This study is a qualitative study that requires in-depth interviews. The Nutritionist
Pro application was used to determine the nutrients in keropok lekor. The sampling method for
this study is purposive sampling and involves five keropok lekor operators around Selangor.
The ingredients used in making keropok lekor are salt, fish filling (fringescale sardine), baking
powder, monosodium glutamate (MSG), margarine, and sweet potato flour. Through this study,
it was found that the main source of sodium in keropok lekor is salt. For keropok lekor
packaging, all keropok lekor operators use the same packaging method, which is vacuum
packaging. In addition, the majority of keropok lekor operators (80%) have been introduced
to Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP). The results of the study show that the average
sodium content in keropok lekor is 372.11mg/100g and is categorized as medium-level sodium.
Although the majority of keropok lekor operators have been introduced to MAP packaging,
further research needs to be conducted to find out whether keropok lekor operators have
renewed their packaging methods or vice versa. In conclusion, based on the findings, the
content of sodium in the manufacturing of keropok lekor in Selangor is still under control. The
results of this study can be used to help the government monitor the sodium content found in
keropok lekor around Selangor.
Keywords: Keropok lekor; Sodium; Vacuum packaging; MAP; Average sodium
Ergonomics Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Preventing Muscle Injury During Work Among Office Workers in Malaysia
Authors: Harithasan Deepashini , Zulkiply Adibah Nabilah
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes and ergonomic practices (KAP) of office
workers in Malaysia in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. An online crosssectional survey of 266 office workers in Malaysia was conducted. All participants were asked
to complete a five-part questionnaire to extract information on sociodemographic data,
prevalence of work-related muscle disorders (WMSD), level of knowledge, attitudes, and
ergonomic practices. The prevalence of WMSD was measured using the Cornell MS
Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) with high reliability and validity, with a Cronbach's Alpha value exceeding 0.95, and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)= 0.69-0.95. Ergonomic
knowledge was measured using the Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire with high validity
(0.98) and fair reliability (r= 0.75). The attitude questionnaire was measured using a Likert
scale consisting of yes, no, and maybe. Ergonomic practices are obtained by using the Rapid
Office Strain Assessment (ROSA). ROSA is a questionnaire with high inter-observer and intraobserver reliability (ICC 0.88 and 0.91). Participants answered a picture-based questionnaire
consisting of 3 parts: (1) chair, (2) monitor and telephone, (3) mouse. Most office workers
experienced WMSD (99.3%) with moderate discomfort (66.5%). The common complaints
being upper back (83%), right upper arm (78.9%) and neck (78.6%). A total of 73.7% of office
workers have poor and little knowledge about ergonomics. The majority of office workers (97%)
have a positive attitude towards ergonomics. 75.2% of office workers in Malaysia have good
ergonomic practices. Most office workers in Malaysia have poor ergonomic knowledge,
positive attitudes and good ergonomic practices.
Keywords: Ergonomic; Knowledge; Attitude; Practice; Office workers
The Relationship of the Viscosity in System Rubber/Technical Carbon with the Structure and Interactions of the Filler
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, 367000, Russian Federation, Magomedov M.A. , Dolbin I.V. ,   Kh. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, 360004, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

The effect of structure of disperse filler in system rubber/technical carbon on flow regime and viscosity of the indicated system was studied. The aggregates of particles of technical carbon, forming in rubber matrix, possessed different types of interactions at small concentrations of filler interactions are either absent at all or they are interactions of repulsion. The increasing of filler content leads to formation of aggregates of their particles, between which interactions of attraction are realized. Application of the methods of fractal analysis and fractal physical chemistry allows to obtain quantitative treatment of this effect and define fractal dimension of aggregates of filler particles, which is their basic structural characteristic. In its turn, the indicated dimension defines type of interactions between aggregates of filler particles both qualitatively and quantitatively. In the case of these interactions absence or interactions of repulsion in a system the regime of Newtonian flow is realized and transition to interactions of attraction defines realization of pseudoplastic flow. The structural analysis of aggregates of filler particles allows to obtain identical gradation of flow regime — at their dimension less then 2 the Newtonian regime of flow is observed and at dimension of aggregates equal 2 and more — the regime of pseudoplastic flow. As a matter of fact, the structural model of determination of flow regimes for systems rubber/disperse filler was proposed, which allows to control the indicated regimes. Variation of filler content, change of its degree of aggregation and so on can be ways of such control. In its turn, the change of flow regime of systems rubber/disperse filler allows to operate viscosity of system as a function of shear rate, that is of great importance in purely practical applications and may be realized in industrial conditions.
Quantitative and structural features of the SMN1 and SMN2 genes in patients with spinal muscular atrophy 5q
Authors: Vlasenko A. I. , Nazarov V. D. , Lapin S. V. , Mazing A. V. , Surkova E. A. , Blinova T. V. , Alekseeva T. M.
Published: January 2025

Background. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons. The cause of neurodegeneration is predominantly a homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of the SMN protein. The clinical picture of the disease is heterogeneous and varies depending on the age of onset and the ability to perform motor functions. Several genetic and molecular modifiers have been identified that are thought to influence the severity of SMA. One of the most proven factors is the number of copies of the SMN2 gene.

Aim. Description of quantitative and structural features of the SMN1 and SMN2 genes in patients with SMA 5q.

Materials and methods. The study included DNA samples from patients examined for the number of copies of the SMN1 and SMN2 genes at the Scientific and Methodological Center for Molecular Medicine, I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, for the period from 2021 to 2022. Gene copy numbers were determined by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification using the SALSA MLPA P021 SMA kit (MRC Holland). We assessed an indirect parameter of aggressiveness (the age of the patient’s visit to the laboratory) to assess the severity of clinical manifestations of SMA. Statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical data processing program GraphPad Prism9.

Results. A statistically significant direct correlation was found when studying the relationship between the number of copies of the SMN2 gene and the age of molecular diagnosis (r = 0.3960, p <0.0001). An assessment of the significance of differences between individual groups of patients gave a statistically significant result: <0.0001 when comparing groups of patients with 2 and 3 copies; <0.0001 – with 2 and 4 copies; 0.0370 – with 3 and 4 copies. 9 % of patients had a hybrid SMN1/SMN2 structure. Therefore, the significance of differences between the age of molecular diagnosis of patients with homozygous deletion of SMN1 and the age of molecular diagnosis of patients with the hybrid SMN1/SMN2 gene between groups with the same number of copies of the SMN2 gene was assessed. A statistically significant result (p = 0.0070) was found between patients with SMN1 deletion + 2 copies of SMN2 and patients with the hybrid gene SMN1/SMN2 + 2 copies of SMN2.

Conclusion. The number of SMN2 gene copies correlates with the age of molecular diagnosis and indirectly predicts the age of SMA onset. The effect of the SMN1/SMN2 hybrid gene on the age of molecular diagnosis of SMA was comparable to the effect of the regular SMN2 gene.
Temporal characteristics of the human mirror neuron system. Research using transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Nieto-Doval K. , Ragimova A. A. , Vyazmin A. O. , Shevtsov O. I. , Feurra M.
Published: January 2025

Background. Mirror neurons (MN) are integral to linking the perception of actions with their execution, activating during both action observation and execution. While extensive research has elucidated their functional roles, the temporal dynamics of MN responses in humans remain insufficiently understood.

Aim. To investigate the temporal profile of MN activity during hand movement observation using transcranial magnetic stimulation at at different time intervals (0, 320, 640, 1000, 1320, 1640 ms from the beginning of the demonstrated movement, time ranges from 1000 to 1640 ms correspond to the time interval after the end of the movement).

Materials and methods. Twenty right-handed participants underwent neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the left primary motor cortex during the observation of hand movements. Motor evoked potentials were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous and abductor digiti minimi muscles at various time points relative to movement onset.

Results. A three-way interaction between movement type, muscle, and time was observed. Muscle-specific responses and intermuscular differences became prominent at 640 ms, extending into post-movement periods (1000, 1320, 1640 ms). Notably, excitatory responses were seen in muscles corresponding to the observed action, while unrelated muscles exhibited inhibitory patterns, intensifying over time.

Conclusion. These findings reveal a complex excitatory-inhibitory interplay in the MN system, resembling motor surround inhibition. The extended temporal activity of MN suggests their role in processing action completion and potential outcomes. This study provides novel insights into MN dynamics and underscores the relevance of these mechanisms for motor rehabilitation strategies. Further research is required to explore MN activity at extended time points.
Functional class criteria identification in patients with spinal muscular atrophy 5q
Authors: Papina Yu. O. , Melnik E. A. , Belousova E. D. , Artemyeva S. B. , Monakhova A. V. , Shidlovskaya O. A. , Shulyakova I. V. , Vlodavets D. V.
Published: January 2025

Spinal muscular atrophy 5q (SMA) is one of the most common inherited neuromuscular diseases in children with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance. Homozygous deletion of exons 7 or 7–8 of the SMN1 gene encoding the motor neuron survival protein is responsible for 95 % of cases. SMA is characterized by a steadily progressive course with the development of paresis, muscle atrophy, loss of previously acquired motor skills, respiratory failure and skeletal deformities. The introduction of pathogenetic therapy in recent years has significantly changed the trajectory of SMA – patients survive, restore previously lost motor skills and acquire new ones. The clinical classification, which includes 5 types of SMA, is currently not a reliable reflection of the functional state of the child in dynamics. In 2005, a functional classification was recommended based on the patient’s current status: non-sitters (lying), sitters, and walkers. The article provides a summary of historical concepts regarding functional classification in SMA patients, as well as the criteria used in clinical trials and observations. We proposed criteria for categorizing SMA patients into a specific functional class by analyzing the available literature and making recommendations on using the classification in real clinical practice.
Mélyinterjús kutatás a fenntarthatósági attitűdökről egy hazai egyetemen
Authors: Náhlik András , Bertalan Laura , Polgár András
Published: January 2025

A fenntarthatóság három alappillére évről-évre egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kap világunkban, beleértve ebbe az akadémiai szférát is, ahol egyes szereplők stratégiai célként fogalmazták meg az átmenet megvalósítását, ideértve a tanulmányban elemzett egyetemet is. Vizsgálatunk középpontjában az állt, hogy feltárjuk azt, hogy ezen intézmény munkatársai mennyire tartják magukat el-kötelezettnek a fenntarthatóságra való átmenet iránt. Egy primer kutatás eredményeit kívánjuk bemutatni cikkünkben, mely kvalitatív eredményekre alapoz. 2024 tavaszán 16 alkalmazottal került mélyinterjú lebonyolításra, strukturált kérdéssor alapján. Az eredmények rávilágítottak arra, hogy az alanyok egyértelműen elkötelezettek a fenntartható fejlődés iránt, és cseleke-detekkel, ismereteik folyamatos bővítésével, javaslatok megfogalmazásával törekednek annak elérésére. Megállapítható a kutatásból, hogy az alanyok fon-tosnak tartják a fenntarthatóság kommunikálását, de szükségét érzik az egyedi, megkülönböztető üzeneteknek is. Értekezésünk javaslatául szánjuk, hogy az egyetemek prioritásként kezeljék a partnerségek létesítését, amely könnyíti a célok megvalósítását, és szélesebb körű nyilvánosságot biztosít az egyetemen keletkezett tudásnak.
JEL-kód: Q01, Q50, Q56
Mapping Fracture Zones with Nodal Geophone Patches: Insights from Induced Microseismicity During the 2024 Stimulations at Utah FORGE
Authors: Niemz Peter , Pankow Kris , Isken Marius P. , Whidden Katherine , McLennan John , Moore Joe
Published: January 2025

The Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) is a field-scale enhanced geothermal system (EGS) laboratory for studying new techniques and strategies to overcome problems that have halted or hindered the broad application of EGS, including induced seismic activity and the cost-efficient monitoring of EGS reservoirs. During the latest stimulation experiments in April 2024, we deployed a network of geophone patches to improve the (near-) surface monitoring network. These patches consist of nine closely spaced nodal geophones. By stacking the waveforms within the patches, we obtain signal-to-noise ratios similar or superior to permanent seismic stations installed in 30 m deep boreholes or at the surface. That demonstrates that a patch setup is a valuable low-cost option that temporarily improves the monitoring of induced or natural seismic activity. Using only the (near-) surface networks, we map the growth of two main fracture zones in great detail during the seven-stage stimulation of the injection well and the subsequent stimulation of the production well. We provide the first revised reference catalog for the April 2024 simulations at Utah FORGE with high-quality relative relocations calibrated via previous high-resolution absolute downhole locations. The microseismic data imply that the fracture zones constitute at least two isolated features that connect the two wells, forming efficient pathways for fluid to circulate between the injector and the producer.
PENGARUH 5E-FLIPPED CLASSROOM TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS, KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF, DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA
Authors: Kusumawati Evi , Suwono Hadi
Published: January 2025

Abstrak. Untuk memecahkan masalah di kehidupan abad ke-21 yang penuh tantangan dan persaingan global perlu adanya penguasaan keterampilan berpikir kritis dan berpikir kreatif. Pembelajaran yang dirancang harus memfasiltasi proses mengkonstruksi pemahaman dan mampu menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang positif serta fleksibel. Pembelajaran inkuiri 5E Flipped-Classroom merupakan model pembelajaran yang berpendekatan konstruktivis sekaligus fleksibel diterapkan dalam pembelajaran kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari pembelajaran 5E Flipped-Classroom terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis, keterampilan berpikir kreatif, dan hasil belajar kognitif kelas kelas XI pada pembelajaran biologi. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain quasi-experimental non randomized control group. Pada masing-masing variable dilakukan pengukuran melalui pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif model pembelajaran inkuiri 5E-Flipped Classroom terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis, berpikir kreatif, dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada pembelajaran biologi (nilai signifikansi