bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local perceptions and traditional methods for Carapa procera oil production in Mali
Authors: Dembélé Urbain , Diallo Aïssata A. , Lykke Anne Mette , Koné Yénizié , Témé Bino , Kouyaté Amadou Malé
Published: December 2020

Carapa procera is a wild oil tree species traditionally exploited in Mali for seed oil. Carapa oil is highly sought because of therapeutic, cosmetic, insecticidal and repellent properties. The purpose of this work was to contribute to the understanding of local practices in C. procera oil production and local perceptions related thereto. The method used was based on surveys in four production localities and tests of oil production according to the traditional processes practiced by the processors. Two methods of seed storage and oil extraction processes were identified. Women were the main actors in seed collection and oil processing. The average oil extraction efficiency from the seeds was 23.1% and varied among sites. The wet extraction process was the most efficient. In addition to socio-cultural considerations, difficulties related to technology (lack of adequate extraction equipment) and the decrease of carapa populations limit the full development of processing activities. It is necessary to undertake options to improve traditional oil production processes such as education and introduction of shea presses in order to reduce labour intensity, improve efficiency and ensure quality standards. It also requires action for the sustainable management and conservation of the carapa species.
Inklusive Bildung für Erwachsene?! Eine Betrachtung der Handlungspraxis von Leitungs- und Lehrkräften im Zweiten Bildungsweg
Authors: Stobrawe Helge
Published: December 2020

Bildung stellt eine zentrale Ressource dar, die für die Teilhabe in vielen Bereichen der Gesell­schaft von großer Bedeutung ist. Die Behindertenrechtskonvention fordert deshalb die gleichberechtigte Teilhabe für behinderte Menschen am Bildungssystem. Diese Forderung bezieht sich ausdrücklich auch auf die Erwachsenenbildung und damit auch auf den Zweiten Bildungsweg.

Jedoch ist über den gemeinsamen Unterricht von behinderten und nichtbehinderten Kursteil­nehmenden im Zweiten Bildungsweg nur wenig bekannt. Dies ist umso erstaunlicher, da es gerade der Zweite Bildungsweg ist, der denjenigen behinderten Menschen eine zweite Chance zum Bildungserwerb eröffnen kann, die durch das Raster eines nicht, bzw. noch nicht vollständig inklusiven Schulsystems gefallen sind.

Im folgenden Beitrag werden erste Befunde einer Untersuchung zur Handlungspraxis von Leitungs- und Lehrkräften im Zweiten Bildungsweg präsentiert. Hierbei soll die Frage diskutiert werden, welche Potenziale der Zweite Bildungsweg für eine Inklusive Erwachsenenbildung bietet. Grundlage hierfür bildet ein qualitativer Datensatz aus Gruppendiskussionen und Einzelinterviews.Abstract

Education embodies an essential resource for the participation in many parts of the society. Therefore, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities calls for equal participation for disabled people in the education system. This demand explicitly refers to adult education and thus also to second chance education.

However, little is known about joint teaching of disabled and non-disabled students in second chance education. Even so second chance education can provide a great opportunity of educational acquisition for disabled people who have fallen through the cracks of a school system, which is still not fully inclusive.

The following article describes the first results of a research on the practice of action of headmasters and teachers in the second chance education. The main focus is thereby, which potentials the second chance education offers for an inclusive adult education. The basis for this research is a qualitative data set consisting of group discussions and individual interviews.
Horticultural Attributes and Root Architectures of Field-grown ‘Valencia’ Trees Grafted on Different Rootstocks Propagated by Seed, Cuttings, and Tissue Culture
Authors: Pokhrel Sameer , Meyering Bo , Bowman Kim D. , Albrecht Ute
Published: December 2020

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus that is found in most citrus production areas around the world. The bacterium associated with HLB resides in and damages the phloem, restricting the movement of photosynthates throughout the plant and leading to tree decline. Considerable root loss can be observed in affected trees even when few disease symptoms are visible aboveground. Root traits can substantially influence tree performance and use of superior rootstocks is one strategy to manage tree health and reduce production losses in a disease-endemic environment. Citrus rootstocks are typically propagated by seed, but due to the increased demand for some of the best-performing cultivars, propagation by other methods is being used to overcome seed shortages. In this research, differences in root architecture and root growth of six different rootstocks propagated by seed, cuttings, and tissue culture, and their influence on the grafted ‘Valencia’ (Citrus sinensis) scion were investigated. A field trial was established in southwest Florida in 2017. Trees were evaluated for their performance during the first 2 years after planting and a subset of trees was excavated for detailed analysis of root architectures and biomass distribution. Significant differences among propagation methods were found for the rootstock trunk diameter and the lateral (structural) root length, which were largest in seed-propagated rootstocks. Most of the other horticultural and root architectural traits were not significantly influenced by the rootstock-propagation method; however, many of the measured variables were significantly influenced by the rootstock cultivar regardless of the propagation method. The results showed that rootstocks propagated by cuttings and tissue culture were similar to seed-propagated rootstocks in their influence on the grafted tree during the early years of growth in the field.
The BIM Implementation Journey: Lessons Learned for Developing and Disseminating City Information Modelling (CIM)
Authors: Kemp Anne
Published: December 2020

This article details the evolution of BIM in the UK, emerging from 2010 onwards, and leading to the mandate for all publicly funded projects to implement BIM Level 2 by April 2016. It draws on the evidence base which has supported the development, in principle, of managing information
through the whole lifecycle of buildings and infrastructure – as a vital first step in the progression of the built environment sector towards digital transformation. It reflects on what has happened since then, and the realization that this activity was simply – if fundamentally
– the first step on the journey to wider digital transformation. It reflects on how standards can be developed within a rapidly changing context, and the advantages of taking a global rather than purely national stance. It also reflects on how the landscape is now evolving to break down
the silos between disciplines and industries to realize the ambition of a federated digital twin, or national information framework – and how this can enable operation of smarter cities and smarter communities. It explores how to move from standards development to engagement and implementation
– and how this is being done in the UK, through the collaborative effort of organizations such as UK BIM Alliance, BSI and CDBB – and reflects on what could have been done better. Finally, it reflects on how information could and should be delivered to facilitate smarter decision-making
which can realize the opportunities – but also reflects on the pitfalls – of relying and/or interfacing with AI. It draws a picture of what a merging of our virtual and physical worlds could look like to ensure the optimum balance between human and machine intelligence.
Riyadhah: The model of the character education based on sufistic counseling
Authors: Bassar Agus Samsul , Hasanah Aan
Published: December 2020

The purpose of education did not only build intelligent people, but also built a strong character and noble character based on the noble values of the nation and religion. Then, a quality and holistic character education becomes a necessity for the Indonesian people who want to develop the potential of the nations to have spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state. Character education in Islam is a moral education which is the essence of Islamic teachings. For example, the character education applied by the Sufis with various riyadhah in their zawiyah or ribath under the guidance of the murshid who becomes a role model in the process of habituating and disciplining students. This study aimed to explore the model of the character education based on sufistic counseling with the various riyadhah in guiding students to have noble character. This descriptive study used a qualitative approach by a literature study and case study in the field. The research found that the process of character internalization carried out through various riyadhah is a spiritual practice covering all aspects of life, both worship and muamalah in an effort to maintain a harmonious relationship between humans and Allah, humans with other humans, humans with their environment, and humans with themselves. Therefore, it is be able to clean the spirit and to devote themselves to the Divine, by having character or noble character and always doing good in life.
Happiness reconstruction through Islamic guidelines in blinds in The Muslim Blinds of Indonesia (ITMI) Central Java
Authors: Himawanti Izza , Hidayatullah Ahmad , Setiyono Andhi
Published: December 2020

Blind experience various psychological conditions that need attention, such as feeling inferior, hopeless, and useless so that it affects the level of happiness. The main purpose of this study is to determine the process of reconstruction of happiness in blind people through Islamic guidance. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach; the process of data analysis uses the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis technique. The subjects of the study were the blind who were members of ITMI (Indonesian Moslem Blind Association) and actively in Islamic guidance. The process of selecting subjects uses a purposive sampling method. The results showed that Islamic guidance had a positive influence in the process of reconstructing the happiness of the blind. Various processes of cognition and affection can be explored well during the process of Islamic guidance. The process of reconstructing happiness in the blind people goes through six stages, beginning with the stage of negative emotional conditions such as despair and anxiety, feeling isolated from the social environment, and then undertaking the process of finding meaning in life and reconstructing happiness.
Impacts of climate and vegetation on actual evapotranspiration in typical arid mountainous regions using a Budyko-based framework
Authors: Yu Yuanhui , Zhou Yuyan , Xiao Weihua , Ruan Benqing , Lu Fan , Hou Baodeng , Wang Yicheng , Cui Hao
Published: December 2020

It is important to understand how actual evapotranspiration (ETa) changes occur and what the dominant contributing factors are. This study investigated the impacts of climatic factor and vegetation coverage on the variations of ETa using a Budyko-based framework. Climatic seasonal index and vegetation coverage index were selected as indicating factors. Two reservoir watersheds, i.e. the Wangkuai Reservoir Watershed and the Xidayang Reservoir Watershed, of the Daqing River Basin were selected as case studies. Also, relationships between the ETa and climatic and vegetation factors were analyzed. Results showed that the improved vegetation conditions positively contributed to the ETa changes, leading to an increase of 42.15 and 58.56 mm of ETa in the two watersheds, while the increasing climate seasonality had a negative effect, resulting in a drop of 11.48 and 13.47 mm of ETa. Vegetation coverage was recognized as the dominant factor to the changes of ETa, compared to the climatic factor. Our research could offer supporting information for water resources management, agricultural production improvement and eco-environment construction in arid regions.
Users are willing to pay for sanitation, but not as much as they say: empirical results and methodological comparisons of willingness to pay for peri-urban sanitation in Lusaka, Zambia using contingent valuation, discrete choice experiments, and hedonic pricing
Authors: Tidwell James B.
Published: December 2020

Significant investment is needed to improve peri-urban sanitation. Consumer willingness to pay may bridge some of this gap. While contingent valuation has been frequently used to assess this demand, there are few comparative studies to validate this method for water and sanitation. We use contingent valuation to estimate demand for flushing toilets, solid doors, and inside and outside locks on doors and compare this with results from hedonic pricing and discrete choice experiments. We collected data for a randomized, controlled trial in peri-urban Lusaka, Zambia in 2017. Tenants were randomly allocated to discrete choice experiments (n = 432) or contingent valuation (n = 458). Estimates using contingent valuation were lower than discrete choice experiments for solid doors (US$2.6 vs. US$3.4), higher for flushing toilets ($3.4 vs. $2.2), and were of the opposite sign for inside and outside locks ($1.6 vs. $ − 1.1). Hedonic pricing aligned more closely to discrete choice experiments for flushing toilets ($1.7) and locks (−$0.9), suggesting significant and inconsistent bias in contingent valuation estimates. While these results provide strong evidence of consumer willingness to pay for sanitation, researchers and policymakers should carefully consider demand assessment methods due to the inconsistent, but often inflated bias of contingent valuation.
Concepções sobre promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida: revisão integrativa
Authors: Faustino Rauana Santos , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves , Lopes Simone Marcelino , Tavares Lydia Maria
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A Qualidade de Vida e a Promoção da Saúde são parâmetros conceituais relevantes, e explorar evidências para práticas promotoras da vida tornam-se caminhos propositivos para possibilidades na atenção à saúde da população. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre qualidade de vida e promoção da saúde, a fim de identificar as concepções e evidências científicas existentes na literatura sobre a temática abordada. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados: Science Direct, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e PubMed no período de 2013 a 2017. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se convergências conceituais ara qualidade de vida e promoção da saúde. As definições se relacionam com a educação dos indivíduos para adoção de um estilo de vida saudável, tendo em vista a melhoria da Qualidade de vida, descrita como, subjetiva, determinada por fatores socioculturais e de bem-estar integral. Conclusão: A contribuição do estudo enfatiza o conhecimento sobre a população, sendo este um instrumento importante para inovação frente às condições de vida e processo saúde-doença.
Tendência da mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes no estado do Espírito Santo de 2006 a 2016
Authors: Nascimento Luiza Braun Lirio , Melo Tayná Marquezini de Souza , Poton Wanêssa Lacerda
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A morte infantil é um evento indesejável em saúde pública, por ser, em sua maioria, evitável e, portanto, reflete as condições de vida da sociedade. Este estudo analisou a tendência temporal da mortalidade infantil e de seus componentes no Espírito Santo e regiões de saúde. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, da mortalidade infantil no Espírito Santo e regiões de saúde utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM), no período de 2006 a 2016. Os coeficientes de mortalidade (infantil, neonatal, neonatal precoce, neonatal tardio, pós-neonatal e perinatal) foram calculados utilizando-se os óbitos de crianças por ano segundo local de residência, dividido pelos nascidos vivos do mesmo local e ano. Para avaliação da tendência temporal utilizou-se regressão linear. Resultados: A mortalidade infantil apresentou queda significativa em todas as regiões de saúde, com redução maior nas regiões Norte e Sul e menor na Metropolitana. Entretanto, a mortalidade entre o 7o e 27o dia de vida aumentou nas regiões de saúde Norte e Central. A mortalidade infantil foi a que apresentou maior redução, seguida da mortalidade perinatal, neonatal, neonatal precoce, pós-neonatal e neonatal tardia. Conclusão: Houve redução na mortalidade infantil no ES e regiões de saúde no período de 2006 a 2016, sendo maior no componente perinatal e neonatal precoce. A mortalidade neonatal tardia aumentou nas regiões Norte e Central, demonstrando necessidade de aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas para o acompanhamento rigoroso e eficaz da criança no primeiro mês de vida.
Caracterização dos óbitos por acidente de transporte terrestre em um município de Goiás
Authors: Tobias Gabriela Camargo , Souza Thiago dos Santos , Teixeira Cristiane Chagas
Published: December 2020

Introdução: As lesões decorrentes de acidente de transporte terrestre configuram-se como um problema de saúde pública, nos países de média e alta renda. Objetivo: descrever os óbitos por acidente de transporte terrestre no município de Senador Canedo, no período de 2005 a 2017. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de base populacional. A população compreendeu todas as vítimas de acidente de transporte terrestre que foram a óbitos no período de 2005 a 2017. Foram incluídos faixa etária do óbito, sexo, local de ocorrência do óbito, raça/cor, escolaridade, estado civil e endereço de ocorrência e causas básicas de óbito. Realizada análise descritiva. Resultados: Foram encontrados 323 óbitos, a maioria sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 20 a 29 anos (26,6%) e 30 a 39 anos (25,1%), raça cor parda (66,3%), estado civil solteiro (43,7%). A variável escolaridade foi preenchida como ignorada para a maioria dos óbitos (41,5%), seguida por 4 a 7 anos de estudo (18,6%). Quanto ao local de ocorrência do óbito, a maioria ocorreu no hospital (56,3%) e em via pública (32,5%). A variação entre 2005 e 2017 foi de 35,1% para os óbitos totais, de 11,9% para os pedestres, e houve um decréscimo de 63,5% para outros meios de transporte. Conclusão: Este estudo pode orientar a implantação de intervenções que priorizem a população exposta à maior risco de óbitos. Torna-se importante a regulamentação da segurança no trânsito em relação à fiscalização, medidas de penalização e fortalecimento dos órgãos gestores de segurança no trânsito.
Büyük Beşli Modeli ve Psikolojik Danışman Adaylarının Mesleğe İlişkin Kişisel Eğilimleri
Authors: Korkut Owen Fidan
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada ayırıcı kişilik özelliklerinin mesleğe ilişkin kişisel eğilimleri yordama gücü araştırılmıştır. Kişilik bireydeki psikolojik sistemler, ayırıcı özellikler, mekanizmalar ve bu özelliklerin etkileşimleri olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Bireylerin ayırıcı özelliklerinin beş faktörde gruplanabileceğini savunan Büyük Beşli Kişilik Modeli en bilinen kişilik modellerden biridir. Mesleğe ilişkin kişisel eğilim kavramı, psikolojik danışman adaylarının akademik olmayan özellikleriyle ilgilidir. Katılımcılar iki devlet üniversitesinde psikolojik danışma alanındaki öğrencilerden (N= 431) oluşmaktadır. Veriler, farklılıklara saygı, kişilerarası ilişkilerde özen; insanlara ve yardım etmeye yönelik olma, yaşama karşı olumlu tavır, kendinin farkında olma ve kontrol etme ve yeniliklere açık olma adlarında alt boyutları olan Mesleğe İlişkin Kişisel Eğilimleri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (MİKEDÖ) ve dışadönüklük, uyumluluk, sorumluluk, deneyimlere açıklık ve duygusal dengesizlik alt boyutları olan Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği (BFKÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Veriler doğrusal çoklu regresyon analiz ve aşamalı regresyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları MİKEDÖ’nün alt boyutlarının BFKÖ’nün alt boyutları tarafından yordandığını göstermektedir.
Determination of Trans-loxoprofen-alcohol Tromethamine in Pregnant SD Rats by a Validated LC-MS/MS Method：Application to a Toxicokinetics and Tissue Distribution Study
Authors: Qiao Hongqun , Xu Lingling , Zhou Wenjun , Yuan Yanjuan , Shao Qing
Published: December 2020

Background:

As an anti-inflammatory prodrug, loxoprofen is metabolized into transloprofenol
to treat diseases related to pain and inflammation. Although loxoprofen has fewer adverse
effects than other NSAIDs, the safety of its usage during pregnancy remains unclear and
needs to be considered. Fortunately, the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution study of transloxoprofen-
alcohol in pregnant rats can resolve the problem.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to establish a simple, sensitive, and effective LC-MS/MS
analysis method for determining the concentration of trans-loxoprofen alcohol in plasma and tissues.

Methods:

The analytic samples were precipitated by methanol in one step and separated using a
reverse-phase Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (4.6 mm×50 mm; 2.7 μm). And the mobile gradient
phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water.
The quantitative detection was achieved by multiple-reaction monitoring mode with a positive
electrospray ionization source, transitional ion pairs of m/z 265.9>184.8 for trans-loxoprofenalcohol,
and 268.8>187.9 for rac-trans-loxoprofen-D3 alcohol (Internal standard).

Results:

A good linearity of calibration curves for plasma and tissues was observed in the concentration
range from 5.0 to 5000 ng/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was detected at 5.0
ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision in plasma and tissues were within 8.94% and 7.26%,
respectively. The mean extraction recovery and matrix effects in plasma and tissues were in the
range of 89.08~109.27% and 89.00~106.80%, respectively. Precision of stability in plasma and
tissues was within 8.91% and 7.08%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Complying with the requirements of bioanalytical guidelines by validation, this
method was successfully adopted to the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution study after intravenously
administrated trans-loxoprofen-alcohol into pregnant SD rats.
Boosting Innate Immunity During SARS-CoV-2 Clearance
Authors: Mehata Abhishesh Kumar , Dehari Deepa , Mehta Anuj Kumar , Miya Alim
Published: December 2020

:

Currently, humanity is suffering from a highly contagious and infectious novel coronavirus
disease. Due to the unavailability of any specifically approved therapy to eradicate this
pathogenic virus, day by day, it is claiming more and more lives of humans. Observing the current
scenario, human civilization seems to be in dangerous situation, and the development of a potential
vaccine against this invisible enemy may take some more time. It was observed that the individual
immune system plays an important role in the fight against the novel coronavirus. Additionally, the
innate immune system of the host acts as the first line of defense against invading pathogenic viruses.
The host innate immune cells can detect and detoxify the evading viruses. Thus, boosting the innate
immune response via targeting activator or inhibitory immune check points pathways for enhancing
T-cell immune response may potentially help the patients to fight against this deadly virus.
The aim of this editorial is to discuss in brief about the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the role of innate
immunity and autophagy during viral clearance.
Surgical treatment of kidney tuberculosis: a comparative analysis of open and laparoscopic approaches
Authors: Kholtobin D. P.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Tuberculosis remains a global problem of our time. Kidney tuberculosis, especially complicated by tuberculosis of the urinary tract, becomes a surgical disease if it diagnosed late or the therapy was not optimal.Materials and methods. 93 patients with urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) was included in this study who were admitted to the Novosibirsk Scientific and Research Institute of Tuberculosis consecutively. All of them underwent surgical intervention on the kidney. 51 patients underwent open surgery, and 42 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The results of treatment and the incidence of complications in both groups were analyzed and compared.Results. The age of the patients ranged from 23 to 75 years, averaging 50.9 ± 6.7 years; there were 45 men and 48 women. Tuberculosis of the left kidney was diagnosed in 41 patients, on the right - in 52 patients. The indication for nephrectomy was polycavernous tuberculosis of the kidney with no function in 74 cases, while in 11 cases polycavernous tuberculosis was complicated by stage 4 bladder tuberculosis. In 9 patients, nephrectomy was performed with cystectomy simultaneously. In 2 patients with severe renal dysfunction, cystectomy for microcystis was not performed, preferring laparoscopic nephrectomy with heterotopic urine diversion. In the group of patients operated on with an open approach, complications developed in 14 patients (27.4%), in the group of laparoscopic operations - in 5 (11.9%). The laparoscopic approach made it possible to activate the patients much earlier: after 2.4 hours, while in the openaccess group - after 38.7 hours.Conclusion. Due to the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of UGBT, it is accompanied by the local development of gross deforming scars, which significantly complicates the implementation of the surgical procedure - both open and laparoscopic access. Nevertheless, modern technology allows to perform the entire spectrum of operations laparoscopically to UGTB, and the complication rate is 2.3 times lower than in open operations. Early activation of the patient, less need for analgesics are also positive factors of minimally invasive surgery for UGTB.
Top-down, Bottom-up, and History-driven Processing of Multisensory Attentional Cues in Intellectual Disability: Cognitive Experiment in Virtual Reality (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Jinwook , Hwang Eugene , Shin Heesook , Gil Youn-Hee , Lee Jeongmi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Models of attention demonstrated the existence of top-down, bottom-up, and history-driven attentional mechanisms, controlled by partially segregated networks of brain areas. However, few studies have examined the specific deficits in those attentional mechanisms in intellectual disability within the same experimental setting.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to specify the attentional deficits in intellectual disability in top-down, bottom-up, and history-driven processing of multisensory stimuli, and gain insight into effective attentional cues that could be utilized in cognitive training programs for intellectual disability.

METHODS

The performance of adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability (n=20) was compared with that of typically developing controls (n=20) in a virtual reality visual search task. The type of a spatial cue that could aid search performance was manipulated to be either endogenous or exogenous in different sensory modalities (visual, auditory, tactile).

RESULTS

The results identified that attentional deficits in intellectual disability are more pronounced in top-down rather than in bottom-up processing, but with different magnitudes across sensory modalities: The top-down processing in the visual modality was relatively preserved, whereas that in the auditory and tactile modalities was severely impaired. Moreover, the history-driven processing in intellectual disability was altered, such that a reversed priming effect was observed for immediate repetitions of the same cue type.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that the impact of intellectual disability on attentional processing is specific to attentional mechanisms and sensory modalities, which has theoretical as well as practical implications for developing effective cognitive training programs for the target population.
Obesity-Related Communication in Digital Chinese News From Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: Automated Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Chang Angela , Schulz Peter Johannes , Jiao Wen , Liu Matthew Tingchi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The fact that the number of individuals with obesity has increased worldwide calls into question media efforts for informing the public. This study attempts to determine the ways in which the mainstream digital news covers the etiology of obesity and diseases associated with the burden of obesity.

OBJECTIVE

The dual objectives of this study are to obtain an understanding of what the news reports on obesity and to explore meaning in data by extending the preconceived grounded theory.

METHODS

The 10 years of news text from 2010 to 2019 compared the development of obesity-related coverage and its potential impact on its perception in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Digital news stories on obesity along with affliction and inferences in 9 Chinese mainstream newspapers were sampled. An automatic content analysis tool, DiVoMiner was proposed. This computer-aided platform is designed to organize and filter large sets of data on the basis of the patterns of word occurrence and term discovery. Another programming language, Python 3, was used to explore connections and patterns created by the aggregated interactions.

RESULTS

A total of 30,968 news stories were identified with increasing attention since 2016. The highest intensity of newspaper coverage of obesity communication was observed in Taiwan. Overall, a stronger focus on 2 shared causative attributes of obesity is on stress (n=4483, 33.0%) and tobacco use (n=3148, 23.2%). The burdens of obesity and cardiovascular diseases are implied to be the most, despite the aggregated interaction of edge centrality showing the highest link between the “cancer” and obesity. This study goes beyond traditional journalism studies by extending the framework of computational and customizable web-based text analysis. This could set a norm for researchers and practitioners who work on data projects largely for an innovative attempt.

CONCLUSIONS

Similar to previous studies, the discourse between the obesity epidemic and personal afflictions is the most emphasized approach. Our study also indicates that the inclination of blaming personal attributes for health afflictions potentially limits social and governmental responsibility for addressing this issue.
Дексмедетомидин как адъювант к бупивакаину при спинальной анестезии для артропластики тазобедренного сустава
Authors: Kolomachenko V.I. , Fesenko V.S.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Спинальная анестезия является экономически эффективным методом для хирургии нижних конечностей. Один из ее недостатков — небольшая длительность послеоперационной аналгезии. Цель исследования: ­выявить эффект от добавления 5 или 10 мкг дексмедетомидина к 12 мг бупивакаина на характеристики блока у пациентов, подвергающихся артропластике тазобедренного сустава. Материалы и методы. 45 пациентов были случайным образом разделены на три группы (по 15 в каждой): Б — введение лишь бупивакаина, БД5 — бупивакаин и 5 мкг дексмедетомидина и БД10 — бупивакаин и 10 мкг дексмедетомидина. Перед операцией и после нее оценивался моторный блок по модифицированной шкале  Bromage. После операции также регистрировалось время до первой потребности в системной аналгезии. Результаты. Перед операцией время наступления полного моторного блока (Me [25 %; 75 %]) в группе БД10 (6,5 [5,0; 10] минуты) было незначительно меньше, чем в группах БД5 (10,0 [7,0; 15,0] минуты; p = 0,35) и Б (13,5 [10,0; 15,0] минуты; p = 0,08). После операции время частичного исчезновения моторного блока в группе БД10 (540 [360; 660] минут) было значительно (p < 0,001) большим, чем в группах БД5 (330 [300; 420] минут) и Б (200 [190; 240] минут); различие между группами БД10 и БД5 также было большим (p = 0,015). Время до полного исчезновения моторного блока в группе БД10 (630 [420; 720] минут) было значительно (p < 0,001) большим, чем в группах БД5 (380 [340; 460] минут) и Б (255 [210; 280] минут); различие между группами БД10 и БД5 также было большим (p = 0,008). В послеоперационном периоде время до первой потребности в системной аналгезии в группе БД10 было большим (720 [600; 860] минут), чем в группах БД5 (450 [400; 540] минут; p = 0,0014) и Б (285 [230; 300] минут; p < 0,001); в группе БД5 время до первой потребности системной аналгезии было большим, чем в группе Б (p < 0,001). Выводы. Добавление дексмедетомидина удлиняет как моторный блок, так и аналгезию от спинальной анестезии.
Рассеянный склероз у близнецов
Authors: Kubariev O.V. , Boсherova T.I. , Yevtushenko S.K.
Published: December 2020

У 3–10 % пациентов РС дебютирует именно в возрасте 16 лет и у менее 1 % пациентов — в возрасте до 10 лет. В современной отечественной литературе нет публикаций, которые бы описывали случаи РС у детей-близнецов, однако установлено, что конкордантность монозиготных близнецов по РС составляет всего лишь 30 %. Нами было проведено лечение и наблюдение за дизиготной парой близнецов с дебютом рассеянного склероза. Было установлено, что у пациента, который имел более яркие проявления рассеянного склероза, отмечен более высокий уровень гомоцистеина по сравнению с его братом-близнецом, у которого на МРТ немногочисленные очаговые изменения. По нашему мнению, целесообразно обследование обоих детей из пары близнецов в плане диагностики рассеянного склероза, даже когда один из пациентов имеет проявления заболевания, а у другого нет симптомов.
Pengembangan Alat Evaluasi Fisika Untuk Mengidentifikasi Miskonsepsi Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri Oenino
Authors: Missa Laurensia , Mellu Ruth Novi Kornalia , Langtang Demeryati
Published: December 2020

The objective of study was developing diagnostic test evaluation instrument in multiple choice form with predetermined reason to identify Grade VIII student’s misconceptions on force topic in SMPN Oenino. Population of the study covered all students whereas the samples were Grade VIII students SMPN Oenino. The research method was Research and Development (R&D) with potential and problem, gathering information, product design, product validation, product revision, and product trial. Validation phase included experts and content validation. On expert’s validation, test instrument was validated by 3 validators with 87,7% worthiness average and was recommended applicable without revision. On content validation, 45 test items were tried out to students and 17 items were declared valid ranging from C1 to C4 cognitive domain which were used later to identify student’s misconceptions. Their misconceptions on force material were 23%, 38%, 13% and 26% from C1 to C4 cognitive domains. The result indicated that this instrument was applicable to identify student’s misconception on force materials.
DEBUNKING THE POST-RACIAL NOTION: A RACIAL PREJUDICE STUDY IN AMERICAN SOCIETY AS REFLECTED IN ANGIE THOMAS’ THE HATE U GIVE
Authors: Prihatika Yusrina Dinar , Rokhman Muh Arif
Published: December 2020

Today, America is still busy with the problems of inequality, which include racial prejudice.The Hate U Give brings social issues that are rife to people of color, especially African Americans. In her novel, Thomas illustrates the injustice that had happened to the African American community because of the racial profiling that was carried out by white people. The writer uses descriptive analysis method in finding the meaning behind a literary work. The writer also conducts the study using Racial Prejudice theory by McLemore to see the types of prejudice in society. The writer also elaborates it with Du Bois’ Double Consciousness in analyzing racial prejudice towards African Americans. The study found out that perceived injustice is still often obtained by African Americans, where they still cannot have their rights as citizens in the United States, such as educational equality, economics, and legal protection. This prejudice is caused by the existence of social class conditions which are constrained by the majority race which tries to maintain its position as a 'ruler' in American society, the other factor is by the spreading Post-Racial ideology where the majority of people think that talking about racial issues is no longer relevant.
The causal relationship between envy and depression: A cross-lagged regression analysis
Authors: Jiang Xinsheng , Wang Jinyu
Published: December 2020

The causal relationship between envy and depression is currently far from clear. We conducted a cross-lagged regression analysis of data on envy and depression, obtained from a nonclinical sample of 260 undergraduate students at two time points spaced 14 months apart. From the perspective
of social comparison theory, the results show that although after 14 months envy positively predicted depression, depression did not predict envy. The envy–depression relationship is, thus, a unidirectional causality. In addition, there was no overall gender effect on the relationship
between envy and depression. Our finding of the effect of upward social comparison on the envy–depression relationship provides guidance for the treatment of depression in clinical practice.
How self-sacrificial leadership influences employee voice: Psychological safety as a mediator
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Jun , Huang Jiaxin
Published: December 2020

This research investigated the mediating role of psychological safety in the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and employee voice. We used a two-wave survey to collect data from a sample of 329 Master of Business Administration students at two universities in North China.
Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results show that self-sacrificial leadership had a direct positive effect on employee voice, and psychological safety partially mediated this relationship. Our findings expand the literature on the self-sacrificial leadership–employee
voice link, and highlight the importance of the role of psychological safety. This study has practical implications for managers seeking to develop a self-sacrificial leadership style to encourage employees to express constructive opinions about workrelated issues.
HOW DOES HALAL TOURISM CONTRIBUTE TO COMMUNITY ECONOMY? THE CASES OF TSUNAMI MUSEUM AND THE PLTD FLOATING SHIP IN BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Afriwanda Afriwanda , Syahnur Sofyan , Gunawan Eddy
Published: December 2020

This study aims to measure and analyze the application of the halal concept in tourism attractions of the Tsunami Aceh Museum and the PLTD Floating Ship (Kapal Apung PLTD) sites in the Banda City, Indonesia. It also attempts to assess the contributions of halal tourism to the economy, measured by income multiplier effects. Of 1,243 halal tourism visitors, entrepreneurs surrounding the halal objects, and employees in the halal tourism sites, 93 of them were selected as the sample of the study using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used to gather the primary data. Majority of the respondents perceived that the tourist attractions of the Tsunami Aceh Museum and the PLTD Floating Ship had implemented the halal tourism concept. The study also found that those halal tourism objects have contributed to the enhancement of the community's economic development, indicated by the Keynesian Local Income Multiplier and Ratio Income Multiplier of greater than one. To further enhance the community income surrounding the halal tourism objects, the halal tourism facilities should be well-equipped and ensured a conducive surrounding environment.========================================================================================================Bagaimana Kontribusi Pariwisata Halal terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat? Kajian pada Museum Tsunami dan PLTD Apung Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis penerapan konsep halal pada objek wisata Museum Tsunami Aceh dan situs Kapal Apung PLTD (Kapal Apung PLTD) di Kota Banda, Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga mencoba untuk menilai kontribusi pariwisata halal bagi perekonomian, diukur dengan efek pengganda pendapatan. Dari 1.243 pengunjung wisata halal, pengusaha di sekitar objek wisata halal, dan tenaga kerja di lokasi wisata halal tersebut, 93 orang di antaranya dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik proportate stratified random sampling. Pengamatan, wawancara, dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data primer. Mayoritas responden menilai tempat wisata Museum Tsunami Aceh dan Kapal Apung PLTD sudah menerapkan konsep wisata halal. Hasil penelitian juga menemukan bahwa obyek wisata halal tersebut telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat yang ditunjukkan dengan Keynesian Local Income Multiplier dan Ratio Income Multiplier lebih besar dari satu. Untuk lebih meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar obyek wisata halal, maka sarana wisata halal harus dilengkapi dengan baik dan terjaminnya lingkungan sekitar yang kondusif.
EDUCAÇÃO, ÉTICA E ENVELHECIMENTO: o aspecto intergeracional como fator de exclusão no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Fabio A. G. , Gabry Thiago da Silva
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma breve pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da relação entre educação e envelhecimento. Por meio de uma análise crítica sobre o tema exposto e as informações encontradas, procuramos traçar quais seriam os principais problemas e quais seriam as possíveis soluções para o aspecto excludente associado ao envelhecimento, a partir da constatação de que o envelhecimento populacional e a superpopulação do planeta se tornaram não somente uma questão de políticas públicas, mas um problema ético a ser enfrentado. Deste modo, pretende-se na primeira etapa do artigo desenvolver uma discussão em torno da inclusão e a valorização do idoso como sujeito capaz e producente pelas políticas públicas educacionais; e no segundo momento pontuar uma breve discussão sobre questões ético-políticas em torno do envelhecimento populacional no mundo contemporâneo e futuro. Com isto, pretendemos contribuir de modo amplo com os estudos críticos relativos à medicalização da velhice.
K-MEANS CLUSTERING FOR EGG EMBRYO'S DETECTION BASED-ON STATISTICAL FEATURE EXTRACTION APPROACH OF CANDLING EGGS IMAGE
Authors: Saifullah Shoffan
Published: December 2020

This research discusses the detection of embryonic eggs using the k-means clustering method based on statistical feature extraction. The processes that occur in detection are image acquisition, image enhancement, feature extraction, and identification/detection. The data used consisted of 200 egg image data, consisting of 100 test data and 100 new test data. The acquisition process uses a smartphone camera by capturing candled egg objects. The results of image acquisition become a reference in the process of image enhancement and feature extraction using Statistical Feature Extraction. The statistical feature extraction applied is the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method, which consists of 6 features, namely Energy, Contrast, Entropy, Variance, Correlation, and Homogeneity. The results of feature extraction (6 features) are grouped by the K-means Clustering method. The clustering process uses Euclidean distance calculations to determine the proximity of features. The results of grouping and testing give the best average results with an accuracy of ≈ 74% from several test samples.
O trabalho das Imagens
Authors: Marques Camargo Ferraz Ana Lúcia
Published: December 2020

Resenho os diferentes trabalhos publicados no volume 6 número 13 da Revista Fotocronografias, que se dedica a lançar um olhar ao campo da antropologia do trabalho, a partir da antropologia visual.
Iracema: a Python library for audio content analysis
Authors: Magalhaes Tairone Nunes , Barros Felippe Brandão , Loureiro Mauricio Alves
Published: December 2020

Iracema is a Python library that aims to provide models for the extraction of meaningful informationfrom recordings of monophonic pieces of music, for purposes of research in music performance. With this objective in mind, we propose an architecture that will provide to users an abstraction level that simplifies the manipulation of different kinds of time series, as well as the extraction of segments from them. In this paper we: (1) introduce some key concepts at the core of the proposed  architecture; (2) describe the current functionalities of the package; (3) give some examples of the application programming interface; and (4) give some brief examples of audio analysis using the system.
Exposição colecionismo: relações entre curadoria e mercado da arte
Authors: Quaiatto Rittieli D'Avila , Lima Andrea Capssa de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo no campo da História, Teoria e Crítica da Arte contribui para pensar as relações entre a curadoria e o mercado da arte, com análise crítica de estratégias expositivas utilizadas em galerias comerciais. Por meio dos conceitos e práticas curatoriais da exposição “Colecionismo”, realizada na Moblanc Galeria em 2019, na qual obras de artistas expoentes da História da Arte convergem com produções contemporâneas de artistas representados pela galeria, compreende-se, no sistema da arte, as dinâmicas voltadas para o colecionismo e o investimento em arte, com base na legitimação e visibilidade. AbstractThis article in the field of History, Theory and Criticism of Art contributes to think about the relationship between curatorship and the art market, with a critical analysis of exhibition strategies used in art galleries. Through the curatorial concepts and practices of the exhibition “Colecionismo”, held in 2019, in which works by artists who are exponents of Art History converge with contemporary productions by artists represented by the gallery, in the art system, it is understood dynamics focused on collecting and investing in art, based on legitimation and visibility.
Causa infrecuente de hipo crónico
Authors: Moral Cebrián Ignacio , Santos Rodríguez Andrés , Mugüerza Huguet José María
Published: December 2020

El hipo crónico es un síntoma que puede provocar una invalidez significativa y a menudo revela una enfermedad subyacente. A continuación, se presenta el caso de un varón de 68 años que ingresó con hipo de más de 3 meses de duración que se asociaba con epigastralgia, vómitos posprandiales y pérdida ponderal. Había sido intervenido en 2 ocasiones debido a una enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico y hernia hiatal, una primera en la que se realizó una fundoplicatura y, posteriormente, una reintervención consistente en el cierre de los pilares diafragmáticos y re-Nissen laparoscópico. La clínica se debía a una obstrucción hiatal por acodamiento de la fundoplicatura previa y fue resuelta mediante la reposición hiatal a los parámetros anatómicos y desmontaje del Nissen previo.