bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spaces Beyond: Experimenting with the Theory of Audiovisual Concrète
Authors: Rogers Holly , Britton Heather
Published: March 2024

Sonic elongation is an audiovisual process found throughout the many histories of film: sounds that are clearly connected to a visual source within the film’s world are gradually de-familiarised through sonic manipulation. This video essay acts performatively, subjecting the written and spoken text to a similar process of elongation to highlight how meaning can unravel and reform in complex and powerful ways.
What is Neorealism? (kogonada)
Authors: Keathley Christian
Published: March 2024

In my essay, “La Caméra-stylo: Notes on video criticism and cinephilia,” I distinguished (very broadly) between two modes in recent videographic work: the explanatory and the poetical. Kogonada’s “What is neorealism?” is exemplary for the way that it balances and integrates the two.
Give Me a Smile
Authors: Rumley Caroline
Published: March 2024

Give Me a Smile' explores Michel Chion's conception of voice in Godard's Vivre sa Vie as the creator puts Nana’s voice (from Godard’s Vivre sa vie) into Jeanne’s mouth (from Dreyer’s La Passion de Jeanne d’Arc), melding the two films into one.
Gone Estray
Authors: PhD Melissa Dollman,
Published: March 2024

Gone Estray reuses a group of home movies acquired at the Scrap Exchange in Durham, North Carolina, and engages with some of the ethical issues surrounding the reuse of other people’s (originally) private documents, thus illustrating the ways in which such issues remain very much unresolved. Indeed, by reusing home movies while simultaneously problematizing the ethics of their reuse, it asks the viewer to evaluate the act of audiovisual appropriation.
Distant Journey through the Desktop
Authors: Anger Jiří , Žák Jiří
Published: March 2024

A reflexive film, such as Alfréd Radok’s Holocaust movie Distant Journey (1948), also needs a film theory that would extend this reflexivity into manipulation with images and sounds. The film’s “trick montage” that links storyline moments to period documentary and newsreel footage within a single film shot is thereby translated into the desktop interface, and thus rethought anew.
Wong Kar-wai’s Sleepers
Authors: Provencher Ken , Plutschow Jiro
Published: March 2024

A montage of sleeping in Wong Kar-wai’s films that considers the function of sleep as the only outlet of escape for their characters. Includes an original soundtrack composed specifically for the video.
Rain: A Phenomenal Catalogue
Authors: Broomer Stephen
Published: March 2024

Joris Ivens’s Rain, a portrait of rainfall in Amsterdam completed in 1929, is an essential work in the development of the poetic documentary. This video essay tours Ivens’s strategies for editing many months of observation into this archetypal rainstorm, such as match cuts and other compositional parallels, his structuring of raindrops in the canals as a refrain intercut with images of sky, crowds and gutters. As a remix of Ivens’s film, "Rain: A Phenomenal Catalogue" explores his central gesture, to picture a city blanketed in reflections.
Four Ways to Be a Woman Artist… According to the Movies
Authors: Felleman Susan , Shikle Hannah
Published: March 2024

Women artists—historical and fictional—are drawn along certain lines in movies and in contrast to their male counterparts. In American and European films of the second half of the twentieth century, they are fascinating, promiscuous, obsessive, narcissistic, ridiculous, and dangerous, embodying societal doubts about both art and women.
Uncertain Presence
Authors: Wade Harrison
Published: March 2024

"Uncertain Presence" is an essay film on beauty and decay, specifically the beauty of decay. It is about three other essay films, Journey to Italy (Roberto Rossellini, 1954), Rock Hudson’s Home Movies (Mark Rappaport, 1992), and Decasia (Bill Morrison, 2002), which all foreground decaying material, souvenirs taken by absent filmmakers. It is about the presence of history and the absence of lived experience as they come together in archival documents.
'Who Speaks?' Possessing Lyotard
Authors: Mealia Oscar
Published: March 2024

‘Who Speaks?’ transposes Lyotard’s critique of the figure of the intellectual and of representation into an audio-visual form; with his voice becoming unspoken text that in turn splits into an interviewer Lyotard and a philosopher Lyotard, forming together a heuristic double like two mirrors facing each other. Yet, whilst Lyotard’s original TV appearance is principally concerned with the figure of the intellectual, the film turns to representation more broadly, namely its failure, incongruity and limits vis-à-vis the events of May 1968 in France.
Studio LAIKA and the Ghosts of Invisible Labor
Authors: Mihailova Mihaela
Published: March 2024

This essay analyzes the link that studio LAIKA draws between the unseen spaces its characters explore and the invisible labor behind its films. I read the stop-motion frame as a porous boundary whose (re)crossing constitutes an allegorical deconstruction of the animation process. In doing so, I examine puppet animation’s relationship with industrial self-reflexivity.
Terror Nullius Unmixed
Authors: Lynch Caitlin
Published: March 2024

Deconstructing the experimental mash-up film Terror Nullius (Soda_Jerk, 2018), this video essay addresses the complex relationship between popular media and political history to propose archive sampling as a unique mode of historical discourse.
Women's Time-Image
Authors: McGoff Jessica
Published: March 2024

"Women’s Time-Image" seeks to bring together the thought of Julia Kristeva and Gilles Deleuze regarding the concept of time. The video posits that a possible “women’s-time-image” can be located within the durational image of the labouring female body, using Chantal Akerman’s Jeanne Dielman (1975) as its primary example.
Cutting Across Time: Oblique Editing in Arrival
Authors: Brophy Gregory , Malley Shawn
Published: March 2024

"Cutting Across Time: Oblique Editing in Arrival" names, models and analyzes a particular editing technique through which Denis Villeneuve’s science fiction film generates the effect of time travel. “Oblique” editing disrupts linear time by opening the film image to the multitemporal pull of the future perfect tense (this will be, and this has been).
Traditional fishing methods practiced by Ao and Sumi tribes in Dikhu River of Nagaland, India
Authors: Kechu Metevinu , Pankaj Pranay Punj
Published: March 2024

Traditional fishing knowledge dates back to the early fish catching techniques passed down from forefathers in most of the Naga communities, Nagaland. Traditional fishing is mainly practiced for household consumption and is considered less intensive than industrial fishing practices, which can negatively impact riverine sustainability. However, there is a risk of loss of traditional knowledge in recent times. Hence, an effort was made to comprehend and document the indigenous traditional knowledge associated with fishing practices utilized by the Ao and Sumi tribal communities residing along the banks of Dikhu River. The diverse array of traditional fishing equipment and techniques employed has been categorised based on their specific functions, resulting in the documentation of three types of fishing gears, four fishing accessories, one fishing craft and three other types of fishing techniques. However, in some regions, use of detrimental fishing like dynamites and harsh chemicals were encountered. The results indicate that local fishers continue to rely on indigenous fishing practices for sustenance, and the majority of traditional fishing gears are constructed using locally available eco-friendly materials such as bamboo, wooden poles and cotton twine. The information obtained in this study can be preserved and implemented in contributing better resource management.
Morphological relationships, growth patterns and some aspects of reproductive biology of Sind Danio Devario devario (Hamilton 1822)
Authors: Alam Md Mokaddes , Ahmmed Humayon , Sujan Shihad Shahoriare , Sama Anika Tabassum , Haque Md Rezoanul , Islam Md. Rashidul
Published: March 2024

This study examined the morphological relationships, growth population factors and reproductive biology of Devario devario collected from the Atrai River of Dinajpur, Bangladesh, for sustainable management and conservation aspects. The length-weight relationships (LWRs) commonly indicated the isometric growth. The Fulton’s condition factor (CFf) and relative body weight (BWr) varied across sexes. A positive correlation was found in length-length relationships (LLRs); among total length (TL), standard length, head length and fork length. The asymptotic lengths were 7.5, 7.2 and 7.5 cm, with growth rates of 0.78‒1.8, 0.6‒3.4 and 1.8‒3.6 year–1 while total mortality was 1.22‒3.06, 0.97‒7.07 and 3.70‒6.09 year–1; fishing mortality was –0.87 to –1.04, –0.97 to 1.09 and –0.05 to –0.23 year–1; natural mortality was 2.26–3.93, 1.94–5.98 and 3.93–6.14 year–1 for female, male and combined sexes respectively. The highest probability of capture (L50) was 5.74‒6.15 cm. The gonado-somatic index ranged from 32.75±1.82 to 44.12±2.73, with a peak in April to May. Fecundity was recorded from 3253±289 to 4831±342, with a significant correlation among TL, BW, gonad length (GL) and gonad weight (GW). These initial findings on D. devario will serve as the basis for future research and management.
KAMU HARCAMALARI İLE KAMU GELİRLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ÜST-ORTA GELİR GRUBU ÜLKELER İÇİN YATAY KESİT BAĞIMLILIĞI ALTINDA AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: GÜNGÜL Murat , GÜLLÜ Mustafa
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye gibi üst-orta gelir düzeyinde kalmış ülkelerin kamu harcamaları ile kamu gelirleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ampirik analizler ile ortaya koymaktır. Bu sayede yüksek gelir grubuna çıkma amacında bulunan ülkelerin politika yapıcıları için, gelir seviyelerini yükseltme çabaları ve gelir-gider dengesini korumaları konusunda bir veri elde edilmiş oluşturacaktır. Çalışmada yatay kesit bağımlılığı, homojenlik, birim kök, eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik analizleri yapılmış olup üst-orta gelir grubuna dahil 10 ülke için 1990-2021 yılları arası yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kamu harcamaları ile kamu gelirleri arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin var olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ağırlıklı olarak nedenselliğin olmadığını düşünen kurumsal ayrılık hipotezi ile harcamaların gelirleri arttırdığını savunan harcama-vergi hipotezlerinin geçerli olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise harcama-vergi hipotezinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
EFFECT OF USING DERIVATIVES ON RISK MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND FIRM VALUE
Authors: AYDIN Esra , TANRIÖVEN Cihan
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the effects of using derivatives on risk management, financial performance, and firm value of non-financial firms for the period of 2016-2021. The paper also aims to observe the tendency of firms to use derivatives for pre-pandemic period and during pandemic period and measure the effectiveness of using derivatives in such high risky times. To this end, firstly derivatives usage intensity of firms observed and annual report deepnotes have been examined, thereafter direct impact of using derivatives analyzed through panel data analysis method. According to derivatives usage intensity observations, it is seen that the approach of firms to use derivatives hasn't changed based on the pandemic. Approximately %30 of firms stated that they use derivatives in risk management while other firms stated they use in-house methods in risk management. In addition to this, panel data analysis results show that derivatives usage decreases financial performance and increases risk significantly. On the other hand, any relationship between derivatives usage and firm value hasn't been found to be statistically significant. According to findings, it can be inferred that derivatives usage is not an effective way to control risk for the firms in the sector. Therefore, firms should revise their risk management approaches. In addition, the firms should find answers to the question why derivatives couldn’t help them to control risk.
Ethical Role of a State in Ancient Jewish Political and Legal Thought
Authors: Kalinina Evgeniya
Published: March 2024

In this article, the author wonders how ancient Judaic legal thought, originally formed at the communal, pre-state level, really justifies the existence of a state, not only in terms of physical security for collective security, but also as a component of the paradigm of moral improvement of society. Based on the analysis of the commandments and attitudes of TaNaHa, the place assigned by Jewish teaching to various human institutions is examined in detail, and an answer is given to the question whether it is possible to preserve the integrity and identity of the people, without the binding and controlling role of the state. In the course of the study, a critical view of this religious and legal theory on the nature of man as a whole is stated, and the presence of recommendations, following which is intended to help correct the shortcomings inherent in humanity, which is «related» to Jewish creed with many other religious and ethical constructions. On the example of the teachings of Judaism, the patterns of the formation of ethical models of social mechanisms are analyzed – from more realistic in the form of a community and a state, to more complex, suggesting a high moral level that allows the community to do without a state apparatus of coercion. It is concluded that religious-traditional teachings can become an example of successful practices for the revival of national social solidarity. Since ethical institutions formulated in religious and legal concepts, taking into account the original characteristics of the peoples to whom they are addressed, the specifics of their traditions, can become the basis for improving the moral background of modern society. In addition, religious-legal theories, which have become the basis for the emergence of other religious teachings, have significant potential for borrowing and using their institutions and concepts in other legal systems, due to the universality of basic principles.
Derivative Works of Science, Literature and Art
Authors: Belkova Elena
Published: March 2024

The subject of the study is derivative works of science, literature and art, which in the list of types of works of science, literature and art are called derivative works as independent objects of copyright, which means that they have specific features. Various approaches to defining the subject of a derivative product are considered. The characteristics of a derivative work inherent in any work and the distinguishing features from other types of works of science, literature and art are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the elements of the work of science, literature, art the author shows which elements can be freely used in the creation of a new work and which elements are protected, and therefore their use makes the new work dependent, derivative. It is proposed to clarify the characteristics of the derivative product. The issue of respecting author’s rights, whose work was translated or had any type of text processing, is investigated. The relationship between the exercise of the rights of the author of the original work to inviolability and the right to process the work is analyzed. The conclusion is justified that the right to inviolability applies to the work created by the author personally, and the result of translation or any text processing is a new work, in respect of which the author of the translation and other processing has copyright. The conditions for the legitimate use of the derivative work are considered, namely the need to obtain the author’s consent to redo his/her work and keep the author›s idea and plan of the used work. It is noted that a clarification is required on what is considered as non-conservation of the meaning of the used work. The conclusion is argued that a violation of this condition is a misrepresentation, perversion of meaning or other change in the work, discrediting the honor, dignity or business reputation of the original work author.
Manejo de pacientes con plastrón apendicular, en el servicio de cirugía general del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá en el periodo 2011-2021
Authors: Echagüe Teresa , Franco Jessica , Baruja Rubén
Published: March 2024

Introducción: el plastrón apendicular es una patología infrecuente manifestada como una tumoración inflamatoria constituida por el apéndice, vísceras adyacentes y epiplón mayor cuando el organismo logra controlar parcialmente la apendicitis, evitando así una peritonitis. Este trabajo busca determinar características y manejo de pacientes con plas- trón apendicular del Servicio de Cirugía general del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte trans- verso. Resultados: del total de 50 pacientes, 88% consultó por dolor, el promedio de días de enfermedad previo de 9 días y una internación pro- medio de 11 días. Al examen físico 82% presentaba tumoración en fosa iliaca derecha. El 56 % requirió cirugía: 16 fueron lavado de cavidad más drenaje (por plastrón roto y abscedado a cavidad), 1 caso colectomía derecha y 2 casos drenajes percutáneos. Conclusión: Probablemente debido al retraso al acceso del sistema de salud, los pacientes al acudir ya presentan complicaciones del plastrón apendicular que requieren un tratamiento quirúrgico en más de la mitad de los casos.
The Two new biomarkers: Bipolar Self, Bipolar EEG
Authors: Kesebir Sermin
Published: March 2024

Background: Although self theory was initially interested in narcissism, it began to explain depression over time. In our previous study, we showed that there was a relationship between self-inventory and mood disorder questionnaire scores in healthy individuals. Self-inventory defensive subscale scores of cases diagnosed with bipolar disorder were higher than healthy individuals. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between self-inventory scores and EEG spectral power densities in bipolar patients. Methods: For this purpose, 50 cases diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to DSM-V were evaluated consecutively during their regular check-ups in our outpatient clinic. Subjects who gave voluntary consent to participate in the study were required to be in remission period for at least 8 weeks. Self Inventory and EEG applied. Results: A relationship was found between compensatory grandiose self and FP1 alpha activity, and between defensive grandiose self and F3, Pz, T4, T5 beta activity (Table-1). There is a relationship between compensatory idealized parent image and FP1 delta ve theta, F7 theta, and between defensive idealized parent image and O1, O2 theta T6 beta activity. Conclusion: According to our results, self-pathology and bipolar disorder overlap electrophysiologically. This suggests that more investigation should be done on the structural origin of mood disorders, in other words, whether the predisposition is a trait or not.
Local-Stability Analysis of Cascaded Control for a Switching Power Converter
Authors: Afkar Mohammad , Gavagsaz-Ghoachani Roghayeh , Phattanasak Matheepot , Pierfederici Serge , Saksiri Wiset
Published: March 2024

Switching power converters are integral in various applications like transportation and renewable energy. After their design, ensuring stable closed-loop poles is critical to maintain safe operating conditions. This study focuses on a switching DC-DC boost converter with a cascade control approach using an energy controller for the outer loop and indirect-sliding mode control for the inner loop. The research objective involves investigating stability through eigenvalue evaluation at different operating points. A large-signal average model is applied to make controlled performance independent of the operating point by fixing system poles. Nonlinear controllers, specifically indirect-sliding mode control, are chosen for their robustness, constant switching frequency, and implementation ease. Results indicate that insufficient decoupling leads to eigenvalue displacement, impacting control parameter choices. The research contribution is investigating the local stability of cascaded control, considering its advantageous implications for both performance and design. This study contributes to the understanding of switching power converters' stability, emphasizing the proposed methodology's broader applicability to diverse converter structures. The proposed approach, applicable to various switching power converters, sheds light on the importance of proper decoupling between outer and inner loop dynamics.
Key Factors that Negatively Affect Performance of Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Rijanto Estiko , Changgraini Nelson , Saputra Roni Permana , Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2024

Conditional imitation learning (CIL) has proven superior to other autonomous driving (AD) algorithms. However, its performance evaluation through physical implementations is still limited. This work contributes a systematic evaluation to identify key factors potentially improving its performance. It modified convolutional neural network parameter values, such as reducing the number of filter channels and neuron units, and implemented the model into a vision-based autonomous vehicle (AV). The AV has front-wheel steering with an Ackermann mechanism since it is commonly used by passenger cars. Using the Inertia Measurement Unit, we measured the vehicle’s location and yaw angle along the experimental route. The AV had to move autonomously through new road sectors in the morning, afternoon, and night. First, an overall performance evaluation was carried out. The results showed a 99% success rate from 648 evaluation experiments under different conditions in which the 1% failure rate happened at new intersections. Then, a turning performance evaluation was conducted to identify key factors leading to failure at new intersections. They include fast speed, dazzling light reflection, late navigation command change instant, and the untrained turning driving pattern. The AV never failed while driving on the trained routes. It had a 100% success rate when driving slower, even under various lighting conditions and at various driving patterns, including untrained intersections. Although this study is limited to identifying key factors at three constant speeds, the results become the foundation for future research to improve CIL performance for AD, including by incorporating multimodal fusion and multi-route networks.
Determination of HPA axis suppression in patients on systemic steroids in dermatology
Authors: Patlola Alekhya , Gulanikar Anirudha , Aruna Gunreddy
Published: March 2024

Steroids are mainstay of treatment in most of the non-infectious dermatological conditions. The study was conducted to determine how various doses and duration of systemic steroid therapy affects HPA axis.

To determine HPA axis status in patients on systemic steroids in dermatology. To study how various doses and duration of steroid treatment affects HPA axis.

This longitudinal study was conducted on 77 patients who were on systemic steroids for dermatological conditions. Patients were categorized into 6 groups depending on the dosage and duration of steroid treatment. Serum 8 a.m. Cortisol and ACTH levels were tested.

About 54 patients were on long term steroids and 23 were on short term steroids. 44 patients (81.5%) on long term steroids had suppressed levels of cortisol and 39 patients (72.2%) had suppressed levels of ACTH. Suppression was maximum in patients on high dose and taken for long duration (p<0.001). There was significant lowering in mean 8AM cortisol and ACTH levels after short term steroid therapy; however, no suppression was seen. Duration of steroid therapy and suppression of 8AM cortisol and ACTH values were associated significantly.

Patients on short term steroids showed no suppression of both serum 8 a.m. cortisol and ACTH levels but there was statistically significant lowering of levels. The study found that longer the duration and higher the dose of steroid therapy, the greater is the suppression of both serum 8 a.m. cortisol and ACTH levels.
Preclinical evaluation of topical emulgel containing fixed dose allo-herbal combination in imiquimod induced psoriasis
Authors: Deshpande Shilpa Abhijeet , Amale Prashant Nandkumar , Lingait Sonu Bhimrao , Bakhle Suparna Sachit
Published: March 2024

Psoriasis is a well-known autoimmune, progressive inflammatory condition having long-term impact on the patient's physical and psychological well-being with worldwide prevalence. The available allopathic and herbal medicines have their own merits and demerits. Allopathic drugs may produce potent beneficial as well as adverse effects while alone herbal drugs may exert slow and less potent effects. Hence the current study attempted to prepare and evaluate fixed dose combination of allo-herbal emulgel in order to minimize adverse effects and improve beneficial effects during the treatment of psoriasis.

This study used a well-established, robust, and validated model (Imiquimod (IMQ)) for psoriasis induction. Emulgel was formulated and tested using phytochemical and physicochemical methods. The anti-psoriatic and anti-inflammatory activities of the prepared emulgel were investigated. In addition, percent release and in vivo absorption were done to ensure adequate release and absorption of emulgel content. Progress of psoriasis induction and treatment was analyzed by morphological and histopathological studies.

The formulated emulgel was found to comply with the standard physicochemical test with the desired release pattern. Morphological and histological data showed induction of psoriasis using the IMQ model, and significant improvement was observed after emulgel treatment. All formulations were discovered to significantly reduce formalin-induced inflammation.

The present study provided the rationale for the combination of C. amada and P. pinnata with salicylic acid. The selected allo-herbal combination and optimized dosage form are stable, biocompatible, and effective anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriatic with potentially fewer side effects.
Increasing the Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment from Galvanic Production Using Titanium-containing Coagulants and Membrane Treatment
Authors: Kuzin E.N. , Averina Yu.M. , Kurbatov A.Yu. , Cherednichenko A.G.
Published: March 2024

It has been stated that the use of complex titanium-containing agents can significantly increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment and achieve a reduction in residual concentrations of heavy metal compounds down to standard values. For further separation of coagulated sludge from purified water, it is proposed to use filtration methods with ceramic tubular filters. A significant increase in the filtration rate of titanium-containing coagulation sludge has been confirmed, leading to an increase in the productivity of treatment equipment by 20–30 %. It is recommended for purification of acid-base and chromium-containing wastewater to combine the process of coagulation of impurities by treating the wastewater with a complex titanium-containing coagulant, followed by filtering the resulting sludge using special ceramic tubular filters.
Screening of Key Biogeochemical Indicators of the Environment of Large Industrial Agglomerations (on the Example of the Moskovsky District of St. Petersburg)
Authors: Opekunova M.G. , Nikulina A.R. , Opekunov A.Yu. , Kukushkin S.Yu. , Fedkina M.Yu.
Published: March 2024

The ecological and biogeochemical indicators of the state of the environment on the territory of a large urban agglomeration on the example of the Moskovsky district of St. Petersburg are considers. In 2009–2015–2021, the pH, chemical composition of soils and bark of Populus balsamifera were studied, biotesting of soils using Daphnia magna and Chlorella vulgaris was carried out. An integral indicator of LTP (Landscape Total Pollution) pollution based on the Harrington desirability function was used. An analysis of changes in the state of the environment over the specified period, depending on the functional use of the territory, was given. The aggravation of long-term pollution of environmental components in conditions of increasing emissions from motor vehicles, which is induced by increasing concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn in soils and plants, is noted.
Assessment of the Current State of Water Resources and the Volume of Agricultural Waste Water in the Novoanninsky District of the Volgograd Region
Authors: Ustinova V.V. , Suprun V.A.
Published: March 2024

An analysis of the current state of the water fund of the Novoanninsky district of the Volgograd region has been carried out, and the environmental, socio-economic features of its economic use have been conducted. The current potential of water resources in the area has been identified, and conclusions have been drawn about the need to take appropriate measures to improve the condition and protect the resources from pollution.
El régimen sucesorio de las acciones
Authors: Auler Soto Guillermo
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo que el lector pueda comprender cómo se desarrolla la transferencia de acciones en las sociedades –especialmente la Sociedad Anónima– una vez que el propietario original ha fallecido, es decir, la transferencia de acciones en el régimen sucesorio; así como los diferentes problemas y riesgos que pueden darse debido a la falta de regulación en materia mercantil sobre esta figura específica.Para el análisis, se hace alusión a las diferentes etapas de la transferencia y a otras normativas que complementan las soluciones legales frente a estos casos. Así, se analizan el Código Civil y las diversas resoluciones en materia registral, con la finalidad de conocer el momento en el que los herederos pueden llamarse efectivamente propietarios de las acciones que les corresponden; este proceso pasa por conocer a los herederos de la masa hereditaria del causante y, posteriormente, por la división y partición de la copropiedad que surge sobre las acciones.
Un extraño viene a comer a mi mesa: la asistencia financiera y los leveraged buy outs
Authors: Tuesta Pasamar Adrian
Published: March 2024

El siguiente trabajo desarrolla la asistencia financiera y los leveraged buyouts o compras apalancadas, a la luz del artículo 106 de la Ley General de Sociedades. Se discute si es que este es un mecanismo prohibido o no y sus implicancias hoy en día en el Perú. El objetivo es dar una respuesta sobre la prohibición o no de su utilización. Se parte de explicar dicha forma de financiarse en el mercado, para mostrar sus ventajas, sus observaciones y por qué no se encuentra dentro de las prohibiciones legales.Se realiza una descripción de la doctrina actual y un desarrollo de una postura personal sobre el tema.También se cuenta con la participación de abogados destacados en la materia que cuentan la utilidad y el impacto real que tienen estas operaciones en la práctica legal del país. Las principales conclusiones a las que se arriban es que no es un mecanismo prohibido por la LGS, no obstante, debe haber una regulación más precisa para llegar a proteger los intereses de los acreedores y los accionistas minoritarios de las sociedades objetivo (Target) de este tipo de mecanismos. Lo que es innegable es que este es un mecanismo con 40 años de vigencia en los mercados de todo el mundo y facilita la movilidad de capitales. Vino para quedarse y hay que darle la correcta regulación, sin restringir las operaciones, pero protegiendo los derechos que corresponden.
¿Por qué las partes pactarían un ROFR? Profundizando en el right of first refusal
Authors: Alvarez Calderón Diego Carrión
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo que el lector conozca las principales instituciones y características del derecho de primera opción (conocido como ‘right of first refusal’ en la doctrina anglosajona) instaurado en un convenio de accionistas, y, normalmente, practicado en el escenario de fusiones y adquisiciones de sociedades. Para tal fin, el autor analiza las restricciones usuales entre las partes para prohibir la enajenación de acciones (y cómo se diferencian del derecho de primera opción), costos y beneficios de establecer esta cláusula, alternativas del mismo (en algunos casos menos costosas, pero también, menos eficientes).Finalmente, el autor explica la innovadora cláusula ‘compromiso a subastar’ que representa la convergencia entre el derecho de primera opción y el hecho de mantener abiertas las ofertas de terceros sin valores distorsionados.
Instrumentación contractual de una operación de adquisición de acciones o activos
Authors: Artagaveytia Pablo A.
Published: March 2024

La adquisición de acciones es un proceso complejo que desafía la capacidad de negociación de las partes. Es natural que tanto el comprador como el vendedor busquen herramientas que los ayuden a reducir, sino eliminar, cualquier tipo de riesgo para sus intereses, así, desde el derecho civil y comercial encontramos procedimientos, cláusulas, pactos, garantías y entre otros condicionamientos que de usarse adecuadamente podrían asegurar la adquisición de un buen negocio.Enfocándose en la diversidad de situaciones bajo las que se puede realizar una compraventa, el autor analiza los puntos fuertes y débiles de las herramientas de ajuste que son útiles para afrontar de manera exitosa el mundo de las transacciones.
Implementing Maqāṣid Syarīʿah on Social Innovation For Sustainable Zakat Management Organization in Indonesia
Authors: Piliyanti Indah
Published: March 2024

The growth of zakat collection by zakat management organizations has increased significantly in the last two decades in Indonesia. Unfortunately, not all zakat management organizations can adapt and sustain in the long term. Social innovation encourages organizations to maintain and realize the maqāṣid of zakat management. The paper analyzes the implementation of the maqāṣid syarīʿah concept developed by Auda (2015) on the process of social innovation in zakat management organizations in Indonesia. The analysis results show that one of the creations of social innovation in the Zakat management organization in Indonesia is a community-based economic empowerment program. Zona Madina is one of the prototypes created by Dompet Dhuafa, which tried to empower community development from Zakat, sadaqah, and waqf. By using an analysis of maqāṣid, social innovation made by Dompet Dhuafa is consistent with maqāṣid al-khāṣṣah where the form of economic empowerment in zona Madina, a means of maintaining maqāṣid al-‘āmmah from Zakat. With the establishment of the zona Madina, Dompet Dhuafa realizes two things at once: moving the wheels of the community’s economy and the sustainability of the zakat management organization. This article contributes to developing strategies for Islamic philanthropic organizations in Indonesia to be sustainable by creating social-based innovation.
Natural durability of 8 tropical species suitable for structural roundwood: laboratory screening tests for resistance to fungi and termites
Authors: LEROY Maeva , CANDELIER Kévin , DAMAY Jérémie , BOSSU Julie , LEHNEBACH Romain , THEVENON Marie-France , BEAUCHENE Jacques , CLAIR Bruno
Published: March 2024

Knowledge of the wood properties of tropical tree species is still relatively limited, so timber extraction focuses on a few abundant, large-diameter species. Very little is known about small-diameter trees, although they could be used directly as roundwood for construction. The aim of this study was to determine the natural durability of 8 candidate species for use as structural roundwood in French Guiana: Goupia glabra, Licania alba, Hymenopus heteromorphus, Lecythis persistens, Oxandra asbeckii, Pouteria bangii, Simarouba amara, Tachigali melinonii and Virola surinamensis. Samples of their wood were exposed to white rot (European and tropical), brown rot (European), and European subterranean termites (using non-choice and multi-choice tests) in laboratory conditions and subjected to screening tests adapted from European standards. Only two species were classified as durable against both fungi and termites: L. alba and P. bangii, which means they can be used without treatment as building material in tropical or temperate climates. The other species tested were classified (1) as durable but with notable differences observed in their resistance to fungi and termites respectively (G. glabra, L. persistens, O. asbeckii), (2) moderately durable (H. heteromorphus), (3) low durability to sensitive (T. melinonii, S. amara, V. surinamensis), meaning actual European standards would not let use these last species in outdoor structures without protection, despite their use by local population in traditional building. However, they could be used for building purposes with appropriate protection systems (including wood protection). The results we obtained for resistance to wood decay provide essential information to assess the potential of these eight tree species in French Guiana’s construction sector.
Unlocking the potential of fast-growing species from Indonesia: durability and sorption aspects
Authors: FAUZIYYAH Shofi , WIMMER Rupert , HALMSCHLAGER Erhard , BRISCHKE Christian
Published: March 2024

Social or community-managed forestry has been promoted as an inclusive way of mitigating climate change, under the UNFCCC’s REDD+ programme (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation). Fast-growing wood species are little used as a community forestry resource in South-East Asia, although their potential could help to meet the surge in demand for sawn timber. In 2016, the Government of Indonesia aimed to hand over concession rights to 12.7 million hectares for community forestry, and support at the national level is currently strong. Although there is high demand for commercial plantation-grown species such as sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb.), the potential of other species, such as acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.), deserves to be explored. Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.) was also used in this study. Physiologically, fast-growing wood species differ from long-rotation hardwoods in their quality, i.e. their resistance to biodeterioration. In this study, the natural durability of the aforementioned fast-growing species was investigated by laboratory testing, using basidiomycete monocultures. Wood specimens were incubated with brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and white rot (Trametes versicolor) fungi for 16 weeks. Parameters such as mass loss, surface hardness, sorption properties, and anatomical characteristics after exposure to the fungi were determined. Sorption measurement times at high temperature were faster with lower hysteresis. Different relative humidity levels affected the changes in the total vessel area. The fast-growing wood species A. cadamba, P. falcataria, and P. tomentosa were classified as not very durable to non-durable, except for A. mangium, which was classified as durable. The data for specimens exposed to C. puteana were found to be highly variable. The remaining axial hardness of wood specimens incubated with T. versicolor was lower compared to C. Putanea. EDX observation (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) showed K as the major cation in decayed specimens.
Le cryptoméria de La Réunion (Cryptomeria japonica) : durabilité naturelle face aux champignons basidiomycètes et aux termites, et apports de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge dans la prédiction de ses caractéristiques
Authors: VUILLEMIN Jerôme
Published: March 2024

Le cryptoméria (Cryptomeria japonica) est la seule essence de bois locale exploitable dans la construction à La Réunion. Cependant, sa durabilité variable face aux champignons basidiomycètes et aux termites constitue un frein au déploiement de son utilisation locale, où les conditions climatiques sont particulièrement favorables à la dégradation des matériaux biosourcés.

Cette thèse a consisté à déterminer avec précision la durabilité naturelle de cette essence face à deux espèces de champignons ubiquistes basidiomycètes (Rhodonia placenta et Coniophora puteana) et deux espèces de termites (Coptotermes gestroi de La Réunion et Reticulitermes flavipes de France continentale), en réalisant un très large échantillonnage. À titre comparatif, du pin sylvestre (faiblement durable), du Red cedar (durable), ainsi que des bardages en cryptoméria exposés à La Réunion depuis 7 ans ont été testés dans les mêmes conditions, délavés ou non, et soumis aux organismes lignivores selon les protocoles normalisés européens en vigueur. En complément, la spectroscopie proche infra-rouge, couplée à la chimiométrie, est utilisée afin de prédire la durabilité face aux champignons basidiomycètes.

Les résultats obtenus confirment la sensibilité du cryptoméria vis à vis des termites et attestent d’une très forte variabilité de la durabilité du cryptoméria face aux champignons. Les dispositions prévues dans la norme EN 350 (2016) ne permettent pas de classer cette essence car les valeurs de perte de masse (due à la dégradation des champignons) se répartissent dans les 5 classes de durabilité allant de « très durable » à « non durable ».

Le délavage et le vieillissement naturel permettent de mieux appréhender la performance du cryptoméria et le classer « faiblement durable à non durable ». Le délavage n’a pas d’influence sur les performances du Red cedar et du pin sylvestre, lesquels restent classés « durable » et « faiblement durable » respectivement.

La spectroscopie proche infra-rouge est finalement un outil performant pour la prédiction de la durabilité naturelle de ces essences face aux champignons. À l’aide de notre modèle robuste, cet outil prédictif contribuera à une utilisation optimale du cryptoméria en permettant une évaluation non-destructive de la durabilité de ce bois dans le but d’assurer une performance optimale, en particulier en zone ultramarine tropicale.
Derechos de los adultos vulnerables en situación transfronteriza
Authors: Adroher Biosca Salomé
Published: March 2024

En un contexto marcado por los que previsibles y necesarios cambios en nuestro Derecho de protección internacional de adultos vulnerables, analizo en este trabajo el relevante Auto de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona 330/2022 de 19 de octubre que afronta la aplicación tanto de la excepción de orden público internacional como de la adaptación frente a sistemas jurídicos, como el marroquí, en los que perviven la incapacitación y la tutela de adultos. En relación a esta segunda cuestión haré alusión a dos interesantes sentencias de Tribunales superiores de Justicia que se refieren, novedosamente, al reconocimiento de la kafala de adultos marroquíes vulnerables en sede de Derecho de extranjería. Terminaré con una breve alusión a los problemas de Derecho interregional.
A vueltas con los requisitos de conexidad para el fuero de pluralidad de demandados del Sistema Bruselas
Authors: Cordero Álvarez Clara Isabel
Published: March 2024

En el instrumento de base del sistema europeo sobre competencia judicial internacional en materia civil y mercantil, el vigente Reglamento Bruselas I bis, se prevé dentro de las competencias especiales un fuero específico ante supuestos de pluralidad de demandados, en virtual del cuál estos pueden ser demandados ante el órgano jurisdiccional del domicilio de cualquiera de ellos. La aplicación del fuero de pluralidad de demandados del artículo 8.1º está necesariamente conectado con los supuestos de conexidad y el potencial peligro de ineficacia de las resoluciones que eventualmente puedan recaer en los distintos procesos sustanciados en diferentes Estados miembros. La asentada doctrina del TJUE determina que para la aplicación de esta regla se exige que las demandas estrechamente vinculadas, que puedan dar lugar a resoluciones irreconciliables, deben generarse “en el contexto de la misma situación de hecho y de Derecho”. El ámbito de los litigios transfronterizos por violación de derechos de propiedad industrial se manifiesta particularmente controvertido en cuanto a la aplicación del art. 8. 1º, en especial por lo que respecta a la constatación de identidad de la situación de Derecho, pero también para apreciar la misma situación de hecho cuando son varios los operadores intervinientes que desarrollan actividades potencialmente infractoras del derecho en distintos Estados. Precisamente la reciente sentencia del Tribunal en el asunto C-832/21, Beverage City Polska, viene a completar la aproximación doctrinal existente aportando aclaraciones adicionales en relación con los elementos y factores de valoración para determinar la existencia de esa necesaria misma situación de hecho. En un contexto como el del litigio principal, el Tribunal de Justicia se manifiesta favorable a que en los casos en que los codemandados estén vinculados por un contrato de distribución exclusiva, en virtud del cual comercializan los mismos productos en distintos Estados miembros lesivos de un derecho de marca de la Unión, sea apreciado como idéntico supuesto de hecho. La aproximación asumida por el Tribunal de Justicia en lo que respecta a la presunción (iuris tantum) de la concurrencia del presupuesto de una misma situación de hecho por la existencia de este tipo de vínculo contractual entre los codemandados, puede extenderse por analogía a otros supuestos litigiosos en los que dándose la misma relación contractual el marco normativo sea distinto del analizado en el asunto de referencia, siempre que las demandas se enmarquen dentro de la misma situación de Derecho.
Elaboración, por los colegios de abogados, de criterios orientativos para determinar los honorarios de los profesionales
Authors: Rodríguez Rodrigo Juliana
Published: March 2024

El TS se ha pronunciado recientemente en varias sentencias para confirmar las Resoluciones de la CNMC en las que se sanciona a varios Colegios de Abogados por infringir las normas de defensa de la competencia adoptando unos criterios orientativos en relación sólo, aparentemente, con la tasación de costas y la jura de cuentas. El Tribunal Supremo considera que, aunque la Disposición Adicional Cuarta de la Ley de Colegios Profesionales permite que se elaboren criterios orientativos para estas cuestiones de la tasación de costas y la jura de cuentas, se trata de una posibilidad excepcional que ha de ser interpretada de manera estricta.

En este sentido, entiende que, en ningún caso, los criterios elaborados por los Colegios de Abogados responden a la definición que se ha de dar a los permitidos por esta Disposición Adicional Cuarta. Además, añade, los criterios de los Colegios de Abogados, en muchos casos, también se aplican al resto de servicios prestados por los profesionales y no se circunscriben, por tanto, a estas dos situaciones en las que estarían permitidos.En otras sentencias, relativas a los mismos hechos, el TS se pronuncia en relación con la competencia de la CNMC para sancionar a los Colegios de Abogados teniendo en cuenta que, como dicen los recurrentes, el comportamiento en cuestión se circunscribe a una provincia y la autoridad competente, por esta razón, debería ser, según ellos, la del territorio en cuestión afectado por la conducta. En estos casos, el TS confirma la competencia de la CNMC por la repercusión supra autonómica de las actuaciones.