bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Systematic Development of an Online Career-Oriented People Management Training for Line Managers of Professionals: A Pilot Field Intervention Study
Authors: van Leeuwen Evelien H. , Knies Eva , van Rensen Elizabeth L. J. , Taris Toon W. , van den Heuvel Machteld , Lammers Jan-Willem J.
Published: June 2023

This study systematically develops an online training program improving line managers’ career-oriented people management behavior, including a pilot test. This program was developed based on the six steps of the Intervention Mapping protocol. Interviews were held with line managers and physicians to understand their needs and challenges with regard to people management. The program aimed to create (self-)awareness, enhance knowledge, support the exchange of experiences, and stimulate reflection on career-oriented people management behavior and leadership style and skills. Eight senior line managers of medical professionals employed in a large Dutch academic public hospital followed the training as part of the pilot test. The program was evaluated through observations, follow-up interviews, and a survey. This study makes a methodological and theoretical contribution to the human resource management literature. It shows how career-oriented people management behavior of line managers can be enhanced, which is important as earlier studies have demonstrated the benefits of this behavior. Systematically developing this program is relevant as studies have shown that the effectiveness of leadership programs is limited because of research design issues. Moreover, this study contributes to leadership development programs as this training could be offered as part of leadership programs.
Towards Interactive Governance: Embedding Citizen Participation in Local Government
Authors: Jäntti Anni , Paananen Henna , Kork Anna-Aurora , Kurkela Kaisa
Published: June 2023

In this article, we explore the embedding of citizen participation in local government. Our study combines and synthesizes the focal aspects of two theoretical streams—citizen participation and interactive governance—in a novel way to identify, illustrate, and analyze the layers of governance required for citizen participation. The analysis shows how the institutional pervasiveness and holistic nature of citizen participation affects the strategic, executive, and citizen interface layers of governance and their interconnections. The research contributes to the literature on embedding citizen participation in government by emphasizing the need to address citizen participation as a profound question of governance and management.
Do Filipinos Still Say “I do”? The Continuing Increase in Non-Marriage and Cohabitation in the Philippines
Authors: Abalos Jeofrey Bautista
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the trends in non-marriage in the Philippines and identify the factors associated with this phenomenon. It will also assess trends in cohabitation in the country and its differentials by levels of education. Data are drawn from various censuses and national surveys. Results show a continuing increase in the proportion of Filipinos who are unmarried in their 40s, particularly men. The proportion of Filipinos who are living together or cohabiting has also increased over time, while the share of those who are formally married has declined. These changes are accompanied by more liberal attitudes toward marriage and cohabitation in the Philippines.
Circumstantial Citizenship: UAE Born Syrians and Their Complex Journeys to Long-Term Security
Authors: Akıncı İdil
Published: June 2023

A number of studies acknowledge the role of a liminal legal status as well as geopolitical factors in constituting a demand for an alternative citizenship. Less is known about the effects of war or political turmoil in countries of nationality for populations who live outside those countries in places with little or no permanent settlement paths. This paper takes the case of Syrian nationals born and raised in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to explore the impact of war in Syria on their considerations about, and for some, experiences of, migration, including through asylum-seeking in Europe. It argues that this migration is less about relocation to the “West” and more about a solution to restrictions tied to their liminality in the UAE, as well as their citizenship by birth. By pursuing “stronger” passports from elsewhere, they seek an ability to choose where they live — including the option to stay “home” in the UAE or maintain links there. This paper introduces the notion of circumstantial citizenship to better understand how, when, and for whom citizenship matters in restrictive migration contexts. By engaging with key debates in migration studies, such as volition, alternatives, and options, circumstantial citizenship conceptualizes people's complex journeys as they navigate liminality, changing conditions, international borders, and limited resources to access the long-term security of a better passport. Findings provide significant insights into the role of restrictive migration policies in shaping the value and meaning of citizenship and driving onward migration in complex ways today.
Early Adolescent Predictors of Young Adults’ Distress and Adaptive Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Steinhoff Annekatrin , Johnson-Ferguson Lydia , Bechtiger Laura , Murray Aja , Hepp Urs , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel , Shanahan Lilly
Published: June 2023

We examined early adolescent predictors of later distress and adaptive coping in early adulthood, using data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study ( n = 786). In early adolescence (age 13), we assessed indicators of mental health (internalizing symptoms), stressor exposure (cumulative stressful life events), and family socialization (supportive parent–child interactions). In early adulthood (age 22), during the first COVID-19-related Swiss national lockdown, we assessed cumulative pandemic-related stressors, distress (poor well-being, hopelessness, and perceived disruptions to life) and adaptive coping. Early adolescent internalizing symptoms predicted lower well-being, more hopelessness, and perceived lifestyle disruptions in early adulthood, during the pandemic. Cumulative stressful life events during early adolescence moderated the association between cumulative pandemic-related stressors and perceived lifestyle disruptions. Supportive parent–child interactions fostered subsequent engagement in adaptive coping, which, in turn, predicted less hopelessness and better well-being. Findings reveal that early adolescent development is linked with distress and adaptive coping in later periods.
Improving Truck Driver and Vulnerable Road User Interactions Through Driver Training: An Interview Study With Canadian Subject Matter Experts
Authors: Galal Alia , Donmez Birsen , Roorda Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

Collisions between trucks and vulnerable road users (VRUs) represent one of the most severe types of road collisions. Research initiatives to mitigate truck–VRU collisions include vehicle redesign, infrastructure improvements, and driver warning systems. Truck driver training is a complementary solution that can lead to improved driving behavior and collision reduction. We aimed to understand the perceptions of subject matter experts of current truck driver training in Ontario, Canada, to identify gaps and potential improvements, particularly targeting VRU safety in urban areas. Further, we investigated the degree to which VRU safety is covered and the potential to incorporate it in training through simulators. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 truck driver trainees, novice and experienced truck drivers, a driving instructor, and road safety professionals. The participants highlighted a notable gap between current training and real-world truck driving. VRU safety and hazard anticipation training emerged as a missing component in training. Nine out of 11 participants who received simulator training perceived it positively and recommended it for its safe and relatively realistic environment. The main topics that should be incorporated in VRU safety training, as recommended by interviewees, include training on difficult truck maneuvers with presence of VRUs, anticipating hazardous VRU actions, and navigating difficult infrastructure components. This work presents subject matter expert perceptions of current truck driver training in Ontario, Canada, and identifies gaps and improvements targeting VRU safety. Although the study is based on Ontario, the results can apply across Canada and beyond, where trucks pose dangers to VRUs.
Upstream Logistics Optimization from Shanghai, China to Kasur, Pakistan: An Implementation of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Shoukat Rizwan , Xiaoqiang Zhang
Published: June 2023

Our foremost purpose with this research is to specify a new method of freight optimization that shippers can utilize to satisfy their budget conditions while confronting the market’s necessities. This paper designs an optimization model for tactical planning that minimizes the cost of highway transportation operations. The findings and analysis of China and Pakistan’s shipping sectors shed light on the implications of cost trade-offs between multimodal and intermodal transportation. As this study is based on the ExWorks incoterms, we developed a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to formulate the cost-minimization problem, bearing in mind the internal cost constraints of transportation. The Pareto optimal solutions are generated by a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) in the MATLAB optimization solver with the support of the Pareto fitness function to balance the costs of multimodal and intermodal transportation in delivering 40 ft container units from China to Pakistan. The solution to the problem demonstrates that the cost of multimodal freight transportation is higher than that of intermodal freight transportation. However, significant changes occur when rail carrying capacity is increased. The cost of intermodal transportation for a 40 ft container from Shanghai, China, to Kasur, Pakistan, is 4712 USD, while multimodal transportation costs 7119 USD. Additionally, this study can be expanded by examining transit times associated with multimodal and intermodal freight distribution for imports and exports.
Real-Time Intersection Turning Movement Flow Forecasting Using a Parallel Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model
Authors: Zhang Ce , Pan Guangyuan , Fu Liping
Published: June 2023

Real-time forecasting of intersection turning movements is a critical requirement for predictive traffic signal control at signalized intersections. Several traffic flow forecasting models have been developed in the past; however, most of them have focused only on the road segment-level traffic instead of the turning movement flow (TMF) at intersections. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new TMF forecasting model, which consists of a combination of two neural network models, namely the stacked bidirectional long short-term memory and the traditional multi-layer perceptron model; this combination will enable effective learning for both short- and long-term time-varying patterns. Moreover, extensive computational experiments, using two years of turning movement counts at 22 intersections in the city of Milton, Ontario, Canada, explore the performance advantage of the proposed model in comparison with several state-of-the-art base models for forecasting accuracy, robustness, and transferability.
An in-depth analysis of hospital food waste in terms of magnitude, nutritional value, and environmental and financial perspectives: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Anari Razieh , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ghodsi Delaram , Amini Maryam , Neyestani Tirang R
Published: June 2023

Hospital food waste has nutritional, economic and environmental impacts, and halving food waste is a sustainable development goal. This study aimed to quantify hospital food waste and its nutritional, environmental and financial values in medical and surgical wards. In a cross-sectional study in three educational hospitals, nutritional and demographic data of adult inpatients were collected. The food waste was measured at breakfast, lunch and snack times, and a 24-hour food recall was fulfilled for each patient. Also, the nutritional, environmental and financial values of discarded food were calculated. Food waste contributors were determined using linear regression. Totally, 398 meals were evaluated. The average served food was about 1 kg patient−1 day−1, while 539.5 g patient−1 day−1(50.1% of the served food) was discarded. Mean food wastes were 148.9 g (standard deviation (SD): 130.1), 364.3 g (SD: 257.2) and 80.2 g (SD: 101.5) in breakfast, lunch and snacks, equal to 45.7% (SD: 36.9), 51.4% (SD: 36.1) and 62.4% (SD: 53.2) of the served food, respectively. Rice, soup, milk and fruits were mostly discarded. Severely malnourished patients had higher daily food waste. Food preparation and waste were estimated to cost on average US$1.8 and US$0.8 patient−1 day−1, respectively. Each kilogram of food waste resulted in 8.1 m2 of land use, 1.4 kg of CO2-equivalent gas emission, and about 1003 L of water wastage. Half of the hospital food was discarded which means waste of nutrients, environmental resources and money. Current data can help authorities to plan for reducing hospital food waste.
Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Youth With Foster Care Histories
Authors: Katz Colleen C. , Okpych Nathanael J. , Charles Pajarita , Wall Eden , Courtney Mark E.
Published: June 2023

A small but growing body of research suggests that adolescents and young adults involved with the child welfare system and those transitioning out of foster care are at heightened risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Understanding the factors that place youth at risk of IPV is central to prevention and treatment of this public health problem. However, questions remain about the prevalence and correlates of IPV among youth in foster care. Additionally, emotional abuse, a particular form of IPV in intimate partnerships, remains an understudied area in this population. This study aimed to address these gaps in research by exploring factors associated with IPV using longitudinal data from a representative sample of older youth in California Foster Care who participated in the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH). Our IPV outcome measures included victimization, perpetration, bidirectional IPV, and emotional abuse. Findings suggest that approximately one-fifth (20.4%) of CalYOUTH respondents had experienced some form of IPV at age 23, with emotional abuse and bidirectional violence being the most commonly reported types of IPV. Females reported emotional abuse, as well as bidirectional violence, at nearly double the rates of their male counterparts. Self-identified sexual minority youth (SMY; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning) were more likely to report IPV victimization, IPV perpetration, and bidirectional violence than their non-SMY peers. Youth with histories of emotional abuse, caregiver IPV victimization, sexual abuse in foster care, placement instability, substance use, anxiety, and incarceration were also at heightened risk of IPV involvement. Emotional abuse was most prevalent with SMY. The findings contribute to the growing research on IPV among transition-age foster youth with important implications for future research, practice, and policy.
Resilience of Older Latinos and Mexicans Before and During the Pandemic
Authors: Sáenz Rogelio , Montes-de-Oca Zavala Verónica , Angel Jacqueline L.
Published: June 2023

This article introduces the special issue on Aging and Resilience in the Americas: Mexico and the United States. The article overviews the role that the annual International Conference on Aging in the Americas (ICAA) has played in the development of scholarship on aging of Latinos in the United States and older persons in Latin America and the Caribbean. A brief overview of the aging literature reveals a growing interest on the resiliency of older Latino and Latin American populations in the United States and more broadly the Americas. The article provides a short description of each of the five articles included in this special issue
Ultrasonic vibration assisted double disc chemo-magnetorheological finishing of silicon wafer: Experimental investigations and optimization for surface roughness
Authors: Srivastava Mayank , Singh Gurminder , Pandey Pulak M
Published: June 2023

To polish the surface of silicon wafers, the impact of ultrasonic vibration assistance on the double disc chemo-magnetorheological finishing was investigated. The in-house setup was fabricated to provide vibrations to the workpiece during the polishing in the longitudinal direction. The central composite design (CCD) approach was adopted in experiment planning to understand the influence of process parameters (like magnets rotation, abrasive concentration, and ultrasonic power) on the surface roughness ([Formula: see text]). A 3D optical profilometer was employed to check the surface roughness of the polished wafers. The individual and interaction of significant process factors affecting were determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. A regression equation based on response surface methodology was developed. The process parameters were optimized using a genetic algorithm to maximize the change in surface roughness before and after polishing. The experiment performed at an optimized set resulted in an average surface finish of 3.4 nm. A 3D surface plots and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to understand the changes on the surfaces of unpolished and polished samples at the optimized parameters.
Effect of tool flank wear on formation and prediction of tool flank rolling angle using finite element method
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Liu Zhanqiang , Ren Xiaoping
Published: June 2023

The formation and determination of the tool flank rolling angle are discussed in this study. First, the relationship between the tool flank rolling angle and the distribution of the tool wear rate on the tool-flank worn zone is developed by combining the finite element (FE) method and a turning experiment, and the determination method of the tool flank rolling angle using the FE simulation is revealed. Then, the evolution of the tool flank rolling angle with the tool flank wear progress is analyzed, and the evolution of the tool flank rolling angle is also considered in the determination of constants in the Usui model for tool flank wear. Finally, the empirical model of the tool flank rolling angle based on the tool flank wear width VB is proposed based on the FE method. The empirical model results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The evolution of the tool flank rolling angle is considered in tool wear prediction. Compared with the method with a constant tool flank rolling angle, the tool wear prediction accuracy of our model is improved.
Mathematical modeling and experimental investigation of a composite beam failure - Case study
Authors: Milic Milica , Svorcan Jelena , Zoric Nemanja , Atanasovska Ivana , Momcilovic Dejan
Published: June 2023

Composite materials have been extensively employed in the aviation industry in recent years. The application of new materials enables significant weight savings with improved mechanical characteristics. This is also very important in the field of development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In the design phases, it is necessary to perceive all the aspects that are important for the structure and consider different load cases. The relationship between weight and strength proved to be important. This means that detailed strength analyses of each structural part are indispensable. In particular, primary load-bearing structures must sustain all types of loads without fail. Failure of the structure can affect the motion of the UAV during the mission or lead to a crash and significant losses. This paper presents the research performed on the failure analysis of a composite beam of a novel UAV. During the testing phase, under an unpredictable load condition followed by a crash landing, failure of the structure occurred on a beam element. The study was performed to determine the cause of the failure of certain layers of the composite laminate, because the previous calculation showed that it met the criteria for which it was dimensioned. Based on the telemetry data and the impact load that was registered, a complementary numerical and experimental analyses were performed to determine what happened and why. Composite test specimens were extracted from the beam and subjected to standard tensile tests, in order to determine the actual mechanical characteristics of the layered material. The paper presents in detail the comparison of the results as well as the methodology used in this research.
Connection force measurement of precision small interference components using ultrasound
Authors: Wang Xingyuan , Liu Jiaxing , Lu Shujie , Wang Yue , Wang Xiaodong , Lou Zhifeng , Zhang Lixun
Published: June 2023

Precision small interference components are mainly assembled using the press-fit method. Interface wear is inevitable in the press-fit process, which will reduce the connection strength. Pull-out experiments are the main means of measuring the connection force, but they are not available in the production process for its destructive characteristics. In this study, a nondestructive testing method for connection force based on ultrasound is proposed. An acoustic model was constructed based on the virtual layer model and statistical microcontact theory, which can be used to obtain the R- Kn- P mapping relationship. An ultrasonic measurement device was built manufactured and calibrated to achieve accurate alignment of the ultrasonic transducer with the interference component and accurate measurement of contact stress. The coaxiality error between the fixture and the turntable is less within ±5.9 μm. The parallelism errors between the turntable and Z-axis stage in the xoz- and yoz-plane are 0.0894° and 0.0662°, respectively. The measurement error due to the transducer positioning error is less than 1.5%. The equivalent static friction coefficient was proposed to compensate R- Kn- P calibration error and measurement error. The integral expression of the connection force was given. Finally, the connection force of the interference components was measured and verified by pull-out experiments. The measurement error is within ±10%.
Effect of discharge parameters on electric-spark deposition material transfer
Authors: Hou Yujie , Han Hongbiao , Zheng Guangzhen , Zhang Peng , Tian Qinhui
Published: June 2023

In order to study the influence of discharge parameters on the electric spark deposition process, an automatic electric spark deposition device is built by a closed-loop control system of discharge parameters. An automatic electric spark deposition test is carried out at different control voltages. By analyzing the effective discharge waveform parameters, transfer efficiency, deposition efficiency, contact force in the deposition process, surface morphology, and cross-sectional morphology of the deposition layer under different control voltages, etc. Analysis of the results shows that changing the control voltage has a direct effect on the number of discharge types in the deposition process. With the appropriate control voltage, better transfer efficiency and deposition quality can be achieved. Contact discharge has a greater effect on material transfer efficiency than other types of discharge. The transfer of the electrode to the material on the workpiece is mainly achieved by contact discharge. Automatic control of discharge parameters can also be applied to automatic control of discharge pulse types.
Head-on and angular impact-based investigation of mechanical behavior of guardrail post types with finite element analysis
Authors: Ozcanan Sedat
Published: June 2023

The geometric sections of guardrail systems that provide roadside safety are important in terms of their safety and structural performance. Guardrail systems generally consist of posts and beam. One of the critical components that affect the performance of steel guardrail systems is the post. Many different types of posts are used in practice. In this sense, the mechanical performance of the most commonly used S-C-I-Z-rectangular-circular post types in this study was investigated and compared on the basis of their failure performances. For this, the finite element (FE) model of the pendulum system, which was previously validated with empirical data, was used. In the FE analysis, the mechanical performance of posts embedded in soil and fixed on top of the ground was investigated by the pendulum system in head-on and angular impact situations. As a result of the FE analyses; the mechanical performances were different for head-on and angular impact situations. However, since circular and rectangular posts show the best performance in case of angular impact, and considering in terms of guardrail systems, angular impact situations are a matter of concern, it has been understood that the use of closed-section posts as circular and rectangular in guardrail systems will provide safety and economic advantages.
Topological optimization method of locking unit layout for space manipulator based on plant root adaptive growth theory
Authors: Gang Wang , Yimeng Yao , Jingtian Wang , Yue Zhao , Xinyuan Wu , Tianyu Mei , Weiye Huo , Huifeng Kang
Published: June 2023

The method of locking point layout optimization and stiffness configuration for multi-joint complex mechanisms of space manipulator is proposed based on the root adaptive growth theory. A simplified model of the space manipulator and 3D spring support model is established. According to the proposed layout optimization and stiffness configuration method, the parallel optimization method and finite element simulation software are utilized to simulate and analyze the differentiation process of space manipulator locking units and the manipulator systems with different stiffness configurations. The results of the layout optimization and stiffness configuration method are compared with the results of the conventional method. It is verified that the fundamental frequency of the optimization and configuration results is higher than that of the conventional method, and the effectiveness of the optimization and configuration method is verified.
A convolutional neural network for high throughput screening of femoral stem taper corrosion
Authors: Codirenzi Anastasia M , Lanting Brent A , Teeter Matthew G
Published: June 2023

Corrosion at the modular head-neck taper interface of total and hemiarthroplasty hip implants (trunnionosis) is a cause of implant failure and clinical concern. The Goldberg corrosion scoring method is considered the gold standard for observing trunnionosis, but it is labor-intensive to perform. This limits the quantity of implants retrieval studies typically analyze. Machine learning, particularly convolutional neural networks, have been used in various medical imaging applications and corrosion detection applications to help reduce repetitive and tedious image identification tasks. 725 retrieved modular femoral stem arthroplasty devices had their trunnion imaged in four positions and scored by an observer. A convolutional neural network was designed and trained from scratch using the images. There were four classes, each representing one of the established Goldberg corrosion classes. The composition of the classes were as follows: class 1 ( n = 1228), class 2 ( n = 1225), class 3 ( n = 335), and class 4 ( n = 102). The convolutional neural network utilized a single convolutional layer and RGB coloring. The convolutional neural network was able to distinguish no and mild corrosion (classes 1 and 2) from moderate and severe corrosion (classes 3 and 4) with an accuracy of 98.32%, a class 1 and 2 sensitivity of 0.9881, a class 3 and 4 sensitivity of 0.9556 and an area under the curve of 0.9740. This convolutional neural network may be used as a screening tool to identify retrieved modular hip arthroplasty device trunnions for further study and the presence of moderate and severe corrosion with high reliability, reducing the burden on skilled observers.
Modeling contact forces during human-robot interactions for performing activities of daily living
Authors: Bilyea Aubrianna JN , French Steven H , Abdullah Hussein A
Published: June 2023

This study aims to characterize contact forces between humans and tools during activities of daily living (ADL) to provide information to a personal care robot. The study was conducted on non-impaired subjects to capture various static and dynamic force levels when making contact with three different robotic tools, each designed to perform an ADL task: hair brushing, face wiping, and face shaving. The static trial of the study involved 21 participants. Forces were collected at fixed locations for each task and used to develop models for each participant. Extraction of the maximum force levels was performed for both the maximum and desired levels of force. The dynamic trial involved 24 individuals. Participants were asked to maintain a comfortable level of force for the duration of their contact with the tool as the robot moved along its path to perform the ADL task. For the static and dynamic trials, higher forces were observed during hair brushing compared to the other two tasks. It was observed that the hair brushing task force at a specific contact point has an overall maximum of 55.66 N, while the maximum forces detected in the face wiping and face shaving tasks were 36.40 and 11.11 N, respectively. The forces collected were analyzed, and no trends were found relating the contact forces to the gender, height, or weight of the subjects. Based on the analysis of the results, recommendations have been made to enhance the force safety limits for the personal care robot working environment.
Holocene relationships between climate, waterfowl, and lacustrine nutrient cycling at Kettle Lake, North Dakota, USA
Authors: Murray Nicole K , Conroy Jessica L , O’Brien Kate , Grimm Eric C , Donovan Joseph J
Published: June 2023

Avian populations can substantially influence lacustrine nutrient loading and biogeochemical cycling through guano deposition. Here, we examine the influence of climate-forced avian migration throughout the Holocene on Kettle Lake, North Dakota, using stable nitrogen and carbon isotope values (δ15N, δ13C) of lake sediment organic matter. Carbon content and δ13C values are negatively correlated with δ15N and appear to be driven by changes in charcoal abundance and watershed vegetation, respectively. We find enriched δ15N values when the guano mineral struvite is present in the lake sediment core in the early to Mid-Holocene. A strong δ15N-percent Nitrogen content relationship during periods with struvite, relative to periods without struvite, indicates that guano deposition from mass bird visitations altered past nitrogen cycle processes, likely through enhanced denitrification. These results attest to the ability of waterfowl to alter lacustrine N-cycling in a mid-continental North American lake, and indicate that paleo-N data in this particular lake are recording a unique history that does not necessarily represent regional paleoenvironmental conditions. However, a significant, positive relationship between δ15N and Ambrosia and Amaranthaceae pollen abundance suggests avian visitation and its impacts on the N-cycle occurred during periods of anomalously wet summers superimposed on the background conditions of early to Mid-Holocene drought.
Emotional Experience of Families With an Immigrant Background Throughout the Autism Service Trajectory in Early Childhood
Authors: Boulé Mélina , Rivard Mélina
Published: June 2023

The way through first suspicion of developmental delays to the time a diagnosis of autism is confirmed can be a long and emotional road. Additional challenges are faced by families with an immigrant background who must learn to navigate an unfamiliar health and social service care system. The current study aims to document the variability of emotional experiences reported by parents with an immigrant background through the autism service trajectory, from the first suspicions of a developmental delay to school entry. Eighteen families participated in two semistructured interviews regarding their autism service trajectory. By using an inductive qualitative content analysis, findings revealed specific contexts in which strong emotional experiences were expressed and made it possible to identify targets for intervention at key moments to support parental psychological well-being.
Assessing the Efficacy of Online Learning in Disparate Business Subjects: Lessons from Distributed Practice and Social Learning Theory
Authors: Reed Richard S. , Van Wagoner Hunter Phoenix , Cropanzano Russell , Jennings Tracy M.
Published: June 2023

For many reasons, higher education is shifting toward more online instruction. As this shift occurs, educators and administrators should be aware that the efficacy of online courses may be influenced by course content. Specifically, student learning may suffer as courses utilizing significant quantitative content, such as accounting and finance, transition from in-person instruction to online. We investigate this possibility in three quasi-experiments, which compare online and face-to-face instruction in four disparate business minor courses. In our first study we obtain the predicted interaction, such that online students performed worse than traditional students, and more so in quantitatively heavy classes. In order to encourage better performance, we design an intervention based on distributed practice theory, encouraging students to engage with material more frequently. However, this intervention fails, replicating the interaction in Study 2. For Study 3, we design a more extensive intervention based on social learning theory, asking teachers to employ a variety of tactics to boost their feedback and interpersonal contact with students. This new intervention is successful, with online students performing equally well regardless of the volume of quantitative content in the course. Findings are discussed in terms of their teaching implications and the need for more theory-based research.
Effect of fabric structural stability on the tensile property of bidirectional angle-interlock woven composites
Authors: Ma Zhenyu , Ma Wensuo , Man Ruidong , Ma Zhenhao , Xu Yonghao , Yang Liguang , Jia Chenhui
Published: June 2023

Three-dimensional bidirectional angle-interlock woven (3DBAW) composites exhibit the orthogonal high modulus, which has the potential to be used in load-bearing components. 3DBAW preforms prepared using the certain and uncertain cross-sectional yarns exhibit various structural characteristics, and the mechanical properties of composites show the high variation. To investigate the effect of fabric structural stability on the elastic properties of 3DBAW composites and broaden its application, contrast analysis of quasi-static tensile properties of composite specimens was proposed, and the failure mechanism was analysed. The results showed that the high tensile initial elastic modulus of 3DBAW composites was attributed to the low curvature of load-bearing yarns. For composites with stable fabrics, the tensile process was smooth and steady owing to the uniform fiber spacing, and the tensile elastic modulus and strength show the smaller coefficient of variation. The tensile crack surfaces of composites with stable structural fabrics were regular, and making the full use of the load-bearing yarns. 3DBAW preforms with stable structure can effectively reduce the fluctuation of changes at the initial stage of loading, and the translaminar fracture and adhesive matrix failure are the main failure modes without the obvious interlaminar fracture. The results provided the support for the application of 3DBAW composite in load-bearing components.
Association Between Emotion Regulation and Body Image Concerns in a Group of Adolescent Boys: Interaction With the Internalization of the Sociocultural Body Ideal
Authors: Morin Guillaume , Meilleur Dominique
Published: June 2023

This study examined the relationships of sociocultural body ideal internalization, difficulties in emotion regulation, and their interaction with body image concerns in a group of 423 Canadian adolescent boys. Participants were 12 to 17 years old and completed multiple self-reported questionnaires. Regression analyses and latent moderation structural equations were performed. Both variables were positively correlated with body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity, restrained eating, and emotional eating. The internalization of men’s sociocultural body ideal moderated the relationships between multiple difficulties in emotion regulation and some body image concerns. These results are in line with findings of other studies among adult men and women, and dominant theories of body image concerns, which have been derived especially from women populations.
A Comparison of Ankle Fractures Relative to Other Fragility Fractures: A Review and Analysis of the American Orthopaedic Association’s Own the Bone Database
Authors: So Eric , Juels Christopher , Scott Ryan T. , Sietsema Debra L.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Ankle fragility fractures (AFX) continue to increase in the elderly population. There is limited knowledge of AFX characteristics compared to nonankle fragility fractures (NAFX). The American Orthopaedic Association’s Own the Bone (OTB) is a fragility fracture initiative. This robust data set was used to examine and compare characteristics of patients presenting with AFX to those with NAFX.

Methods:

The OTB database contained 72,617 fragility fractures between January 2009 and March of 2022 and were reviewed in our secondary cohort comparative analysis. After exclusions, AFX accounted for 3229 patients and 54,772 patients were in the NAFX cohort. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression compared the AFX and NAFX groups concerning demographics, bone health factors, medication use, and prior fragility fracture.

Results:

AFX patients were found to have a higher likelihood to be younger (67.6 years old), female (81.4%), non-Caucasian (11.7%) and have a higher BMI (30.6) compared to NAFX. Prior AFX predicted the risk of a future AFX. The probability of an AFX increased with increased age and BMI.

Conclusion:

A prior AFX is independently predictive of subsequent AFX. Therefore, these fractures should be considered a sentinel event. These patients are more likely to have higher BMI, to be of female gender, non-Caucasian race, and are younger compared to patients with NAFX.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort.
Finite-time integral fast terminal sliding mode control for uncertain quadrotor UAV based on state-dependent Riccati equation observer subjected to disturbances
Authors: Ghadiri Hamid , Khodadadi Hamed , Hazareh Gozar Ali
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a new control approach of trajectory tracking for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems under external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. The integral fast terminal sliding mode control (IFTSMC) approach applying state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) observer is presented for this purpose. As a result, the nonlinear SDRE observer is designed to estimate the non-measurable states. Afterward, employing the estimated states of the SDRE observer, the proposed IFTSMC controller is designed for trajectory tracking of the perturbed quadrotor UAV. Besides, applying Lyapunov’s stability theory, the finite-time convergence and robustness of the closed-loop UAV system are assured. Based on the numerical simulation results, the proposed controller successfully tracked various reference trajectories of quadrotor UAVs despite external disturbances and parametric uncertainty.
Interfaces, Interactions, Time, and the Frontline Nexus: Foundational Constructs and Focus for the Field of Organizational Frontlines
Authors: Singh Jagdip , Bridge R Gary
Published: June 2023

Interfaces, interactions, and time are commonly understood as foundational constructs in the field of organizational frontlines, but their current definitions are fragmented and disconnected. We propose a set of propositions drawn from theorizing the foundational constructs to facilitate systematic studies of frontline phenomena and promote integration across studies. We also advance the concept of the frontline nexus, a constellation of relations that interconnect the foundational constructs, and propose that the nexus is the appropriate unit of analysis for the study of organizational frontlines. To specify a system that embeds the frontline nexus and situates its foundational constructs, we discuss the role of agency, technology, learning, and privacy as key structural characteristics. In response to changing frontlines, we offer 11 propositions to advance research and practice of organizational frontlines. These propositions encourage researchers to explore the potential of new technologies, investigate the role of frontline actors in shaping interaction outcomes, examine the impact of learning and development initiatives, and consider the ethical implications of frontline actions.
Marginalize or Valorize: A Two-Case Study of Parental Essentialism and Fathers’ Social Location
Authors: Randles Jennifer , Carroll Megan
Published: June 2023

The idea that children need a mother and a father to thrive is a hegemonic ideology of parenting, yet research finds that children do equally well in families with two parents of any gender. Prior research has not addressed how social location shapes parents’ engagement with gender essentialist ideologies of parenting. Filling this gap, we analyze ethnographic and interview data based on the experiences of poor fathers of color and mostly white, wealthy gay fathers. This two-case study uniquely reveals how class, race, and sexuality shape fathers’ relationships to parental essentialism. Fathers experience it as either a source of empowerment that valorizes them as worthy parents or a source of marginalization that denies their ability to raise healthy children. We theorize how this dual response reveals the salience and dangers of essentialist discourses in spaces where men grapple with gendered and heteronormative ideologies of masculinity, fatherhood, and families.
Tolerance of political intolerance: The impact of context and partisanship on public approval of politicians’ uncivil behavior
Authors: Walter Leon , Kutlaca Maja
Published: June 2023

Politicians’ uncivil behaviors violate social and moral norms yet seem to be on the rise. We investigated under which circumstances politicians’ uncivil behavior towards their peers and opponents is tolerated by their supporters. We hypothesized that public support would depend on the context in which incivility is used (i.e., if it is targeted at political opponents vs. peers) and on the individuals’ moral beliefs. In two studies, we asked Democrats and Republicans to evaluate a politician who belonged to their preferred party and engaged in uncivil communication with either a member of the same or the opposing party. As expected, uncivil communication was condoned more when it was directed at the opponents. In the context of intergroup conflict, binding foundations predicted more approval among Republicans, and surprisingly more disapproval among Democrats. However, differences in (dis)approval between parties were not significant across both studies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Regulating other people’s moral behaviors: Turning vicious cycles into virtuous cycles
Authors: van Nunspeet Félice , Ellemers Naomi
Published: June 2023

This contribution addresses the relation between moral values, moral choices, and moral behaviors. We build on prior research that has revealed the “paradox of morality”: on the one hand people are highly motivated to do what is moral and to appear moral in the eyes of others. On the other hand, this makes them reluctant to consider moral shortcomings of themselves and self-relevant others—which are considered socially costly and difficult to repair. Here, we highlight the implications this has for those who aim to improve the moral values, choices, or behaviors of others. We posit that the paradox of morality easily introduces a vicious cycle. This happens when people disagree with the moral values of others, criticize their moral choices, or remind them of their inadequate moral behaviors. We review a program of research documenting the counterproductive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects that are raised in this way. We then examine how other people’s moral values, choices, and behaviors may be addressed in ways that circumvent such counterproductive responses, resulting in a vicious cycle. We present initial evidence of manipulations and interventions that make people more open to the possibility of reconsidering their moral values and help them improve their moral choices and moral behaviors. The model we present, and empirical validation of implicit mechanisms that distinguish vicious from virtuous cycles has practical implications, and gives rise to new theory and predictions to be tested in future research.
Omertà in intragroup cheating: The role of ingroup identity in dishonesty and whistleblowing
Authors: Rullo Marika , Presaghi Fabio , Baldner Conrad , Livi Stefano , Butera Fabrizio
Published: June 2023

Why are people willing to denounce or, contrarily, to keep silent on others’ misconduct? We hypothesized that people would be more likely to cheat, and consequently less likely to blow the whistle, when among an ingroup (vs. outgroup). In two experiments, participants witnessed a same nationality or a different nationality group member cheating during a group task. Participants either had the opportunity to cheat themselves before witnessing this cheating act (Experiments 1 and 2) or did not have this opportunity (Experiment 2). In the ingroup condition, participants cheated more and denounced others’ cheating less than in the outgroup condition (Experiments 1 and 2). However, when participants were not allowed to cheat themselves, they equally denounced ingroup and outgroup cheaters (Experiment 2). This provides evidence that cheating mediates the group effect on whistleblowing and is reminiscent of omertà, that is, the code of silence among criminals. We provide suggestions for future research.
They sell Shawarma and pain: How do refugee entrepreneurs include host-country citizens? Evidence from a non-Western country
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Abdelgaffar Hala
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to explore how Syrian entrepreneurs in Egypt might ensure the inclusion of Egyptian employees in their restaurants in return for gratitude for the good treatment they receive from that country. The empirical sample comprises 54 semi-structured interviews with employees working full-time in restaurants owned by Syrians in Egypt. The findings showed that the previous disappointments and hardships of the refugees shape their way of thinking and behaving. The interviews indicated that Syrian refugees in Egypt return the gratitude they receive from their host country with long working hours, low financial incentives, and second-class treatment for their Egyptian employees. Moreover, the findings also indicated that guaranteeing Syrian entrepreneurs ongoing action resources (access to education, health, the labour market), emancipative values (ongoing tolerance from the host-country citizens) and civic entitlement (laws to secure freedom for Syrian refugees) might result in him or her feeling like the master that the citizens of the host country should please because he has suffered a lot in his country of origin.