bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A reforma do ensino médio (lei 13.415/17), as competências na escola e crise do capital
Authors: Araújo Romildo
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão crítica sobre os fundamentos da Reforma do Ensino Médio. Qual o papel dessa Reforma no contexto atual das mudanças no mundo do trabalho? Realizou-se um estudo teórico-bibliográfico tendo como base trabalhos elaborados no âmbito da produção marxista, entre os quais selecionamos os textos de Alves (2008), Enguita (1989), Saviani (2007), Kuenzer (2017), entre outros. A Reforma do Ensino Médio, decorrente da implantação da Lei nº 13.415/17, segue a lógica da subordinação radical da educação ao capital, em época do trabalho flexível e precário. Trata-se da desqualificação da educação pública.
Não pensa, faz!
Authors: Fortes Tiago
Published: September 2023

Gostaria de discutir aqui o que me parece um dos termos mais frequentes em aulas de atuação – mas também em processos criativos –, uma expressão que usamos sem pensar, uma espécie de hábito gramatical. Trata-se do famoso não pensa, faz!, um exemplar linguístico ou modelo enunciativo emblemático da separação entre teoria e prática no teatro. Como se trata de uma moeda que circula automaticamente entre nós, algo que falamos sem pensar, é raro que algum usuário seu defenda aquilo que a sentença realmente diz. O mais frequente é que se explique: “você entendeu o que eu quis dizer”. Tentarei aqui, portanto, compreender o que se costuma querer dizer quando se diz a um ator: não pensa, faz!. Concluindo que ao ator se faz necessário pensar fazendo – ou fazer pensando –, será preciso mostrar em que sentido o conceito é parte constituinte de sua experiência.
Calling on the USPSTF to Address Ableism and Structural Ableism
Authors: Christakis Dimitri A. , Iezzoni Lisa I.
Published: September 2023

In this Viewpoint, the authors urge the USPSTF to undertake a comprehensive effort to ensure its recommendations systematically consider the effects of ableism and structural ableism on individuals with disability.
Racial Disparities in Emergency Department Physical Restraint Use
Authors: Eswaran Vidya , Molina Melanie F. , Hwong Alison R. , Dillon David G. , Alvarez Lizbeth , Allen Isabel E. , Wang Ralph C.
Published: September 2023

Importance

Recent studies have demonstrated that people of color are more likely to be restrained in emergency department (ED) settings compared with other patients, but many of these studies are based at a single site or health care system, limiting their generalizability.

Objective

To synthesize existing literature on risk of physical restraint use in adult EDs, specifically in reference to patients of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Data Sources

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL was performed from database inception to February 8, 2022.

Study Selection

Included peer-reviewed studies met 3 criteria: (1) published in English, (2) original human participants research performed in an adult ED, and (3) reported an outcome of physical restraint use by patient race or ethnicity. Studies were excluded if they were conducted outside of the US, or if full text was unavailable.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Four independent reviewers (V.E., M.M., D.D., and A.H.) abstracted data from selected articles following Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess quality. A meta-analysis of restraint outcomes among minoritized racial and ethnic groups was performed using a random-effects model in 2022.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)

Risk of physical restraint use in adult ED patients by racial and ethnic background.

Results

The search yielded 1597 articles, of which 10 met inclusion criteria (0.63%). These studies represented 2 557 983 patient encounters and 24 030 events of physical restraint (0.94%). In the meta-analysis, Black patients were more likely to be restrained compared with White patients (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.19-1.43) and to all non-Black patients (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.23-1.31). With respect to ethnicity, Hispanic patients were less likely to be restrained compared with non-Hispanic patients (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.89).

Conclusions and Relevance

Physical restraint was uncommon, occurring in less than 1% of encounters, but adult Black patients experienced a significantly higher risk of physical restraint in ED settings compared with other racial groups. Hispanic patients were less likely to be restrained compared with non-Hispanic patients, though this observation may have occurred if Black patients, with a higher risk of restraint, were included in the non-Hispanic group. Further work, including qualitative studies, to explore and address mechanisms of racism at the interpersonal, institutional, and structural levels are needed.
New-Onset Age of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cancer Risk
Authors: Liu Chenan , Liu Tong , Zhang Qingsong , Jia Pingping , Song Mengmeng , Zhang Qi , Ruan Guotian , Ge Yizhong , Lin Shiqi , Wang Ziwen , Xie Hailun , Shi Jinyu , Han Ruiqin , Chen Yue , Zheng Xin , Shen Liuyi , Deng Li , Wu Shouling , Shi Hanping
Published: September 2023

Importance

The onset age of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is decreasing, and whether earlier ages of NAFLD onset are associated with increased cancer risk is currently unclear.

Objective

To explore the association between NAFLD new-onset age and cancer risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted among 179 328 participants included in the Kailuan Cohort Study between 2006 and 2021. In total, 46 100 incident NAFLD cases were identified. For each case, a participant matched by age (older or younger by 1 year) and sex was randomly selected to create a new matched study cohort. Data were analyzed from December 2022 through April 2023.

Exposure

Onset of NAFLD.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The association between the onset age of NAFLD and the risk of different cancer types was evaluated using weighted Cox regression models. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to quantify the association of NAFLD with cancer risk at different ages.

Results

Among 63 696 participants (mean [SD] age, 51.37 [12.43] years; ‭10 932 females [17.2%] and ‭52 764 males [82.8%]), 31 848 individuals had NAFLD and 31 848 individuals were in the control group. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.16 (7.89-11.67) years, 2415 patients were diagnosed with cancer. Compared with the matched group, patients aged less than 45 years at NAFLD onset exhibited a higher risk of cancer (average hazard ratio [AHR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.12), and as the onset age of NAFLD increased, the cancer risk decreased (ages 45-54 years: AHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.97; ages 55-64 years: AHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97-1.33; ages >65 years: AHR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.45-1.27; P for interaction < .001). Among patients aged less than 45 years at NAFLD onset, cancers were mainly digestive system and lung cancers, with AHR values of 2.00 (95% CI, 1.08-3.47) and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.05-4.36), respectively. PAFs also showed that in patients aged less than 45 years at NAFLD onset, 17.83% (95% CI, 4.92%-29.86%) of cancer risk was attributable to NAFLD.‬‬‬‬

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that NAFLD was associated with increased cancer risk and there was an interaction with onset age, such that the younger the onset age of NAFLD, the greater the cancer risk.
Childhood and Adolescence Gender Role Nonconformity and Gender and Sexuality Diversity in Young Adulthood
Authors: Marino Jennifer L. , Lin Ashleigh , Davies Cristyn , Kang Melissa , Bista Sarita , Skinner S. Rachel
Published: September 2023

Importance

Sexuality- and gender-diverse youth experience disproportionate health and social adversity. Accurate early-life indicators are important for development of supportive approaches.

Objective

To examine whether commonly used items measuring childhood conformity to gender roles are associated with sexual orientation in young adulthood.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-center, prospective cohort study (the Raine Study) assessed 2868 children of 2900 women who were recruited during pregnancy from August 1, 1989, to April 30, 1992, with follow-up ongoing. The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and Youth Self-Report tools were used to survey parents, teachers, and youths to examine gender diversity among the participating youths. Parents were followed up at years 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17, adolescents at years 14, 17, and 27, and teachers at years 10 and 14. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2020, to July 31, 2023.

Exposures

Parent and teacher report that a child “behaves like the opposite sex” (gender role behavior), and parent and self-report that a child “wishes to be the opposite sex” (gender role wish), in response to assessment items.

Main Outcome Measures

Year 27 self-reported sexual identity, attraction, and behavior.

Results

Of the 2868 children in the original birth cohort, 1154 (40.2%) participated in the year 27 follow-up, of whom 608 (52.7%) were recorded female at birth and 546 (47.3%) were recorded male at birth. Of these, 582 who were recorded female at birth continued to identify as female (cisgender) (95.7%), and 515 recorded male at birth continued to identify as male (cisgender) (94.3%); 47 (4.1%) did not complete the questionnaire. Of cisgender participants, 76 of 605 women (12.6%) and 52 of 540 men (9.6%) had a diverse sexual identity, 204 of 605 women (33.8%) and 77 of 540 men (14.3%) were same-gender attracted, and 100 of 605 women (18.6%) and 39 of 540 men (7.2%) had ever engaged in same-gender sexual behavior. Across all follow-ups, after adjusting for gender, nonconforming gender role behavior was consistently associated with diverse sexual identity and behavior (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for identity, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9-4.2; behavior aOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5). Self-reported gender role wish was consistently associated with diverse sexual orientation (identity aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8; attraction aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5; behavior aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, ASEBA gender role nonconformity was associated with diverse sexual orientation, beginning in early childhood. Findings suggest that the ASEBA measures should not be used to infer sexual orientation or gender diversity in clinical or research settings; asking direct questions may provide more accurate data.
Diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of pathological tau proteins in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Sahara Naruhiko , Higuchi Makoto
Published: September 2023

Tauopathies, characterized by fibrillar tau accumulation in neurons and glial cells, constitute a major neuropathological category of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurofibrillary tau lesions are strongly associated with cognitive deficits in these diseases, but the causal mechanisms underlying tau‐induced neuronal dysfunction remain unresolved. Recent advances in cryo‐electron microscopy examination have revealed various core structures of tau filaments from different tauopathy patients, which can be used to classify tauopathies. In vivo visualization of tau pathology is now available using several tau positron emission tomography tracers. Among these radioprobes, PM‐PBB3 allows high‐contrast imaging of tau deposits in the brains of patients with diverse disorders and tauopathy mouse models. Selective degradation of pathological tau species by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system or autophagy machinery is a potential therapeutic strategy. Alternatively, the non‐cell‐autonomous clearance of pathological tau species through neuron–glia networks could be reinforced as a disease‐modifying treatment. In addition, the development of neuroinflammatory biomarkers is required for understanding the contribution of immunocompetent cells in the brain to preventing neurodegeneration. This review provides an overview of the current research and development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents targeting divergent tau pathologies.
Higher Odds of Adverse Cutaneous Reactions in Patients With Dermatomyositis Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Compared With Methotrexate
Authors: Allenzara Astia , Hollis Alison , Álvarez Carolina , Lovelace Haejin , Maczuga Steve , Helm Matthew , Olsen Nancy , Nelson Amanda , Foulke Galen
Published: September 2023

Objective

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use for the treatment of dermatomyositis (DM) has been associated with adverse cutaneous reactions. We applied a new user, active comparator, retrospective design to assess differences in adverse cutaneous reactions or hospitalizations between HCQ and methotrexate (MTX) use among patients with DM.

Methods

We used a national network of data from insurance registries (TriNetX), enrolling patients with two International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for DM separated by 6 months or more who had a prescription for either (but not both) HCQ or MTX on or after DM diagnosis. Outcomes were adverse cutaneous reactions (ICD codes) or hospital admission (Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes) within 4 months from the prescription dispense date. Logistic regression was used to produce adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing outcomes in the HCQ group (n = 1364) and the MTX group (n = 1400), adjusted for age at first DM diagnosis, year of birth, sex, and time from DM diagnosis to first prescription.

Results

Overall, we found no significant difference in odds of hospitalization in those taking HCQ (aOR 1.05; 95% CI: 0.79‐1.39) compared with those on MTX. Patients with DM on HCQ had 30% higher odds of adverse cutaneous reaction diagnosis compared with patients on MTX (aOR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.59). Age at DM diagnosis was an effect modifier of this association, with higher odds of adverse cutaneous reaction among patients taking HCQ who were younger at diagnosis.

Conclusion

Compared with MTX use, HCQ use, especially in younger patients, may result in higher odds of adverse cutaneous reactions.
Hybrid two‐stage adaptive maximum power point tracking for stand‐alone, grid integration, and partial shaded PV system
Authors: Manna Saibal , Singh Deepak Kumar , Akella Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2023

In a PV array, the power‐voltage characteristic (P‐V) and output power are completely dependent on atmospheric conditions. Consequently, the P‐V curve's maximum power point (MPP) likewise changes significantly. This abrupt oscillation in the MPP may be caused by the PV panel being uniformly or partially shaded by trees, buildings, raindrops, and clouds. However, in both circumstances, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) turns into a highly nonlinear issue with a time‐bounded solution. The unpredictable weather circumstances change P‐V characteristics after every short time interval. Therefore, this research presents a hybrid two‐stage adaptive MPPT to overcome the environmental uncertainties. The first stage is MPPT control block for determining reference voltage for each MPP and the second stage is modified model reference adaptive controller (MMRAC) block fine‐tunes converter duty cycle to maintain MPP of PV panel. The probabilistic evaluation is executed through four distinct levels of uncertainty, including stand‐alone, partially‐shaded, grid integration, and OPAL‐RT to examine the system robustness in diverse scenario. The possibility of the tracking failure caused by dynamic irradiance change is also verified. Moreover, efficiency, tracking ability, power loss, ripple, and error rate are compared with the state‐of‐the‐art strategies, that is, ANFIS, INC, P&O, and VSPO. The satisfactory performances of the new strategy under simultaneously varying irradiance, temperature, and load; partially shaded and grid integration shows the supremacy.
Tailoring Zero‐Field Magnetic Skyrmions in Chiral Multilayers by a Duet of Interlayer Exchange Couplings
Authors: Chen Xiaoye , Tai Tommy , Tan Hui Ru , Tan Hang Khume , Lim Royston , Suraj T. S. , Ho Pin , Soumyanarayanan Anjan
Published: September 2023

Magnetic skyrmions have emerged as promising elements for encoding information toward biomimetic computing applications due to their pseudoparticle nature and efficient coupling to spin currents. A key hindrance for skyrmionic devices is their instability against elongation at zero magnetic field (ZF). Prevailing materials approaches focused on tailoring skyrmion energetics have found ZF configurations to be highly sensitive, which imposes significant growth constraints and limits their device scalability. This work demonstrates that designer ZF skyrmion configurations can be robustly stabilized within chiral multilayer stacks by exploiting a duet of interlayer exchange couplings (IECs). Microscopic imaging experiments show that varying the two IECs enables the coarse and fine‐tuning of ZF skyrmion stability and density. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that the duo‐IEC approach is distinguished by its influence on the kinetics of skyrmion nucleation, in addition to the ability to tailor energetics, resulting in a substantially expanded parameter space, and enhanced stability for individual ZF skyrmions. This study underscores the importance of IEC as a means of stabilizing and controlling ZF skyrmions, paving the way to scalable skyrmion‐based devices.
MoSe2 Enhanced Raindrop Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Its Energy Conversion Analysis
Authors: Zheng Yang , Li Xing , Zheng Mingli , Cheng Gang , Zi Yunlong , Cheng Shaobo , Cui Hongzhi , Li Xiaoyi
Published: September 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered one of the most effective methods for harvesting irregular and low‐frequency raindrop energy. In this work, molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) nanosheets act as intermediate layers for improving droplet‐based TENG performance. Consequently, without surface etching process, the short‐circuit current (Isc) and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the TENG can reach as high as 1.2 mA and 120 V, respectively. Furthermore, precise energy analysis based on an optimization model for input energy calculation is carried out, allowing conversion efficiency to be calculated under diverse conditions. Finally, an all‐solid supercapacitor is fabricated for integration with the TENG. An intelligent wireless sensing system, powered by the integrated TENG and capacitor, is demonstrated for monitoring environmental information. This study provides new insights into intermediate‐layer materials' selection and action mechanisms. It fills a gap in the research on a precise model of theoretical energy conversion efficiency calculation. The integrated devices and sensing applications will provide strategies for creating smart cities.
Selective HCOOH Production over Wide Potential Range via Defective Oxide‐Derived Bismuth
Authors: Cui Rong‐Chao , Duan Yan‐Xin , Xie Jing‐Yan , Jiang Qing
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 toward value‐added liquid fuel is a promising route to achieve the carbon neutrality. Especially for CO2 electroreduction to formic acid production, despite the favorable activity and selectivity can be achieved, unstable Faradaic efficiency (FE) in wide potential range and poor energy efficiency remain the bottlenecks. Herein, this study reports a metallic Bi catalyst (B‐ArH2‐2) derived from defective Bi2O3, which achieves nearly 100% FE for HCOOH production over a broad potential range (−0.7 to −1.1 V) with an outstanding cathodic energy efficiency of 71%. Additionally, B‐ArH2‐2 displays a high partial current density of HCOOH (jHCOOH, 27.5 mA cm−2) and production rate (475 µmol h−1 cm−2) with favorable long‐term stability (20 h).
Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Shinde Sambhaji S. , Wagh Nayantara K. , Kim Sung‐Hae , Lee Jung‐Ho
Published: September 2023

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) have received significant attention due to their high energy density, reversible cycle life, and safe operations relative to commercial Li‐ion batteries using flammable liquid electrolytes. This review presents the fundamentals, structures, thermodynamics, chemistries, and electrochemical kinetics of desirable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) required to meet the practical requirements of reversible anodes. Theoretical and experimental insights for metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping for the reversible cycling of metal anodes are provided. Ion transport mechanisms and state‐of‐the‐art solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) are discussed for realizing high‐performance cells. The interface challenges and strategies are also concerned with the integration of SEs, anodes, and cathodes for large‐scale SSBs in terms of physical/chemical contacts, space‐charge layer, interdiffusion, lattice‐mismatch, dendritic growth, chemical reactivity of SEI, current collectors, and thermal instability. The recent innovations for anode interface chemistries developed by SEs are highlighted with monovalent (lithium (Li+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+)) and multivalent (magnesium (Mg2+), zinc (Zn2+), aluminum (Al3+), calcium (Ca2+)) cation carriers (i.e., lithium‐metal, lithium‐sulfur, sodium‐metal, potassium‐ion, magnesium‐ion, zinc‐metal, aluminum‐ion, and calcium‐ion batteries) compared to those of liquid counterparts.
Electropositive Metal Doping into Lanthanum Hydride for H− Conducting Solid Electrolyte Use at Room Temperature
Authors: Izumi Yoshiki , Takeiri Fumitaka , Okamoto Kei , Saito Takashi , Kamiyama Takashi , Kuwabara Akihide , Kobayashi Genki
Published: September 2023

Hydride ion conductors have made remarkable progress in recent years; in particular, the fluorite‐type LaH3‐δ series exhibits high conductivity around room temperature. However, its intrinsic character of hydrogen non‐stoichiometry still makes its application as a solid electrolyte challenging, for which high electronic insulation is essential. Here, Sr‐substituted LaH3‐δ with slight O2− incorporation, represented as La1‐xSrxH3‐x‐2yOy (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, y ≤ 0.171), is synthesized, which exhibits H− conductivity of 10−4 – 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature. The galvanostatic discharge reaction using an all‐solid‐state cell composed of Ti|La1‐xSrxH3‐x‐2yOy|LaH3‐δ shows that the Ti electrode is completely hydrogenated to TiH2 for x ≥ 0.2, whereas a short circuit occurs for x = 0.1. These experimental observations, together with calculation studies on the density of states and the defect formation energy, provide clear evidence that electropositive cation, such as Sr, doping critically suppresses the electron conduction in LaH3‐δ. Achieving a superior H− conducting solid electrolyte is a novel milestone in the development of electrochemical devices that utilize its strong reducing ability (E°(H−/H2) = −2.25 V vs SHE), such as batteries with high energy density and electrolysis/fuel cells with high efficiency.
Rational Electrolyte Design for Interfacial Chemistry Modulation to Enable Long‐Term Cycling Si Anode
Authors: Yang Yaozong , Yang Zhao , Li Zhaolin , Wang Jie , He Xiangming , Zhao Hailei
Published: September 2023

The silicon anode is promising for high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries owing to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity. However, the practical deployment of Si anodes is significantly hindered by its large volume change and unstable electrode/electrolyte interphase associated with routine electrolytes. Herein, a cyclic ether‐based electrolyte is designed and shows high compatibility with Si anodes. By simply decreasing the prevalence of ethereal oxygen groups and increasing the degree of molecule unsaturation of 1,2‐dimethoxyethane simultaneously, the resulting cyclic tetrahydrofuran (THF) presents a weak solvation capability and strong polymerization. Experimental and computational evidence demonstrates this rational design leads to a remarkable improvement in electrochemical performance of Si anodes. By forming a thin, elastic, and LiF‐rich inorganic‐polymeric solid‐electrolyte interphase film, the Si electrode cycled in THF‐based electrolyte exhibits long‐term cycling stability with a high reversible capacity of 1995.7 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles. The full‐cells with Si/graphite anodes and LiFePO4 cathodes maintain over 80% capacity retention after 600 cycles.
Partial Sulfidation of the Electrochemically Exfoliated Layered Double Hydroxides toward Advanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yousefzadeh Hajar , Noori Abolhassan , Rahmanifar Mohammad S. , Hassani Nasim , Neek‐Amal Mehdi , El‐Kady Maher F. , Vinu Ajayan , Kaner Richard B. , Mousavi Mir F.
Published: September 2023

Aqueous zinc‐based batteries are a promising alternative to lithium batteries. These batteries, however, persistently suffer from uncontrollable dendrite growth and sustained water consumption at the Zn anodes, along with low and often fading capacity at the cathodes. Herein, Zn metal is simply encapsulated into a chitosan‐containing polymer gel that not only suppresses hydrogen evolution but also enables dendrite‐free Zn plating/stripping. A binder‐free cathode based on the electrochemically exfoliated and partially sulfidated Ni–Co–Fe layered double hydroxide‐reduced graphene oxide (SNS‐rGO) nanocomposite is also reported. The fabricated devices (based on either Zn or chitosan‐coated Zn) deliver near record‐high values of specific capacity (756 mA h g−1cathode at 1 A g−1) and specific energy (1284 W h kg−1cathode), along with an outstanding specific power (108 kW kg−1cathode), an excellent output voltage (up to 1.9 V), and prolonged cycling stability at 100% depth‐of‐discharge. This interface engineering strategy, supported by the density functional theory calculations, provides a solid basis for further practical applications of aqueous Zn batteries.
Pt3Ni Alloy Nanoparticle Electro‐Catalysts with Unique Core‐Shell Structure on Oxygen‐Deficient Layered Perovskite for Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Song Yang , Kim Hyunmin , Jang Ji‐Hyun , Bai Wenjun , Ye Caichao , Gu Jiamin , Bu Yunfei
Published: September 2023

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are pivotal in electrochemical energy conversion technologies, but their operation at high temperatures necessitates the development of efficient and durable electro‐catalysts. Herein, a novel electro‐catalyst composed of Pt3Ni alloy nanoparticles exsolved on oxygen‐deficient PrBaMn1.8Pt0.15Ni0.05O5+δ layered perovskite oxides is presented. This design addresses the critical problem of nanoparticle agglomeration at high temperatures, a major hurdle for SOCs. The atomic‐scale mechanisms of oxygen vacancy formation and hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics in the material are unraveled through density functional theory calculations. A unique finding of this work is the formation of a core‐shell structure during water electrolysis, simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical performance and operational durability in both fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes. This study not only strengthens the potential of Pt‐Ni alloy nanoparticles as efficient electro‐catalysts for SOCs, but also opens up avenues for future exploration in energy‐related fields.
P3‐Na0.45Ni0.2Mn0.8O2/Na2SeO4 Heterostructure Enabling Long‐Life and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Tianyi , Wang Chenchen , Kang Lei , Yao Wenjiao , Wang Heyi , Chen Huige , Liu Qi , Lu Yang , Guan Zhiqiang , Zhu Anquan , Kang Tianxing , Tang Yongbing , LEE Chun‐Sing
Published: September 2023

Sodium‐based layered oxide cathodes are competitive candidates for commercial sodium‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacities, low costs, and simple synthesis. P3‐type layered oxides with large open channels enable fast Na+ transport and hence good rate performance. However, the lower crystal symmetry of P3‐type oxides and variation of Na+ contents in the Na layer during desodiation/sodiation lead to large electrostatic repulsion changes between TMO2 slabs (TM=Transition Metal), resulting in irreversible phase transitions, and fast performance degradation. Herein, a potential Na+ conductor Na2SeO4 is first found that it can be easily in situ grown on P3‐Na0.45Ni0.2Mn0.8O2 to form a novel heterostructure P3‐Na0.45Ni0.2Mn0.8O2/Na2SeO4. The synergy between P3‐Na0.45Ni0.2Mn0.8O2 and Na2SeO4 functions in promoting Na+ diffusion and suppressing P3‐O3 phase transitions upon deep sodiation, which results in recorded high‐rate capability (68.2% capacity retention with retained 83.9 mAh g−1 capacity at 6400 mA g−1) and superior cycling stability (capacity retention 75% after 1000 cycles) among all reported P3‐type cathodes. Thus, it is believed that this novel heterostructure design opens a new pathway to promote practical applications for layered oxide cathodes in sodium‐ion batteries.
Insights into the Energy Storage Differences of Zinc and Calcium Ions with Layered Vanadium Oxide as a Model Material
Authors: Wang Chunfang , Wang Jianchuan , Zhang Shiwei , Li Meilin , Zeng Fanbin , Tan Liming , Liu Feng , Wang Jiaqi , Huang Lan , Lv Haiming , Zhi Chunyi , Han Cuiping
Published: September 2023

Multivalent ion batteries (e.g., Zn2+, Ca2+) are gaining great attention owing to their potentially high capacity, cheap cost, and good safety. However, significant disparities exist in achieved capacity, voltage, and kinetic performance within zinc and calcium ion electrolytes. Herein, the electrochemical and kinetic properties of Zn2+ and Ca2+ in aqueous electrolytes are investigated using a single‐crystal V2O5 (V2O5·Pyridine, PVO) model material with stable large interlayer spacing. It is found that the discharge‐specific capacity in 1 m Zn(ClO4)2 aqueous solution is 247.3 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1, which is remarkably higher than 158.4 mAh g−1 in 1 m Ca(ClO4)2. Mechanistic studies show that in aqueous ZIB, H+ is intercalated first, followed by the generation of Zn4(OH)7ClO4, and finally H+ and Zn2+ are co‐intercalated. But in aqueous CIB, H+ dominates the intercalation process. It is found that six times more Zn2+ than Ca2+ is intercalated into PVO, owing to its smaller radii and its relative higher intercalation potential (Zn2+ @‐0.34 V, Ca2+ @‐0.65 V vs.. Ag/AgCl), giving it a higher specific capacity. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate lower intercalation energies for Ca2+ (−6.67 eV) compared to Zn2+ (−1.85 eV), explaining the lower intercalation potential of Ca2+.
Composite indexes of anthropometric failure in children under 5 years of age in Argentina: Comparative analysis among regions: 2019–2020
Authors: Salazar Burgos Ramiro Joaquín , Longhi Hugo Fernando , Marrodán Serrano María Dolores
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and Extended CIAF (ECIAF) allow for the identification of simultaneous presence of two or more types of malnutrition. The objective of this study was to analyze anthropometric failure in Argentinean children under 5 years old, taking into consideration regional and socioeconomic perspectives.

Materials and Methods

Data from the National Survey of Children and Adolescents MICS 2019–2020 were used, which included 5473 children under 5 years old of both sexes residing in the six regions of Argentina. CIAF and ECIAF excludes children not in anthropometric failure (group A) and was calculated from a percentage of children included in malnutrition categories B: wasting only; C: wasting and underweight; D: wasting, stunting, and underweight; E: stunting and underweight; F: stunting only; Y: underweight only; G: only weight excess; and H: stunting and weight excess. The data were analyzed according to region and wealth quintile.

Results

In children aged 0–2.99 years, CIAF was 12.5% and ECIAF was 27.7%, with boys being more affected. In children aged 3–4.99 years, the rates were 9.7% and 22.3%, respectively, with girls showing a higher prevalence. The highest ECIAF was recorded in the Patagonia region (31.3%), while the highest ECIAF was observed in the poorest quintile.

Discussion

The presence of double burden of malnutrition has been observed across all regions and household income levels. Additionally, overweight has shown a higher intensity in economically prosperous regions and households, while stunting has been more prevalent in economically disadvantaged areas.
De novo missense variants in ZBTB47 are associated with developmental delays, hypotonia, seizures, gait abnormalities, and variable movement abnormalities
Authors: Ward Scott K. , Wadley Alexandrea , Tsai Chun‐hui (Anne) , Benke Paul J. , Emrick Lisa , Fisher Kristen , Houck Kimberly M. , Dai Hongzheng ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Guillen Sacoto Maria J. , Craigen William , Glaser Kimberly , Murdock David R. , Rohena Luis , Diderich Karin E. M. , Bruggenwirth Hennie T. , Lee Brendan , Bacino Carlos , Burrage Lindsay C. , Rosenfeld Jill A.
Published: September 2023

The collection of known genetic etiologies of neurodevelopmental disorders continues to increase, including several syndromes associated with defects in zinc finger protein transcription factors (ZNFs) that vary in clinical severity from mild learning disabilities and developmental delay to refractory seizures and severe autism spectrum disorder. Here we describe a new neurodevelopmental disorder associated with variants in ZBTB47 (also known as ZNF651), which encodes zinc finger and BTB domain‐containing protein 47. Exome sequencing (ES) was performed for five unrelated patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. All five patients are heterozygous for a de novo missense variant in ZBTB47, with p.(Glu680Gly) (c.2039A>G) detected in one patient and p.(Glu477Lys) (c.1429G>A) identified in the other four patients. Both variants impact conserved amino acid residues. Bioinformatic analysis of each variant is consistent with pathogenicity. We present five unrelated patients with de novo missense variants in ZBTB47 and a phenotype characterized by developmental delay with intellectual disability, seizures, hypotonia, gait abnormalities, and variable movement abnormalities. We propose that these variants in ZBTB47 are the basis of a new neurodevelopmental disorder.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers of N‐Heterocyclic Olefins on Au(111)
Authors: Berg Iris , Schio Luca , Reitz Justus , Molteni Elena , Lahav Linoy , Bolaños Carolina Gutiérrez , Goldoni Andrea , Grazioli Cesare , Fratesi Guido , Hansmann Max M. , Floreano Luca , Gross Elad
Published: September 2023

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) have been prepared on Au(111) and their thermal stability, adsorption geometry, and molecular order were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, polarized X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The strong σ‐bond character of NHO anchoring to Au induced high geometrical flexibility that enabled a flat‐lying adsorption geometry via coordination to a gold adatom. The flat‐lying adsorption geometry was utilized to further increase the surface interaction of the NHO monolayer by backbone functionalization with methyl groups that induced high thermal stability and a large impact on work‐function values, which outperformed that of N‐heterocyclic carbenes. STM measurements, supported by DFT modeling, identified that the NHOs were self‐assembled in dimers, trimers, and tetramers constructed of two, three, and four complexes of NHO−Au‐adatom. This self‐assembly pattern was correlated to strong NHO−Au interactions and steric hindrance between adsorbates, demonstrating the crucial influence of the carbon‐metal σ‐bond on monolayer properties.
Synergistic Modulation of In‐Situ Hybrid Interface Construction and pH Buffering Enabled Ultra‐Stable Zinc Anode at High Current Density and Areal Capacity
Authors: Ouyang Kefeng , Chen Sheng , Ling Wei , Cui Mangwei , Ma Qing , Zhang Kun , Zhang Peixin , Huang Yan
Published: September 2023

In aqueous electrolytes, the uncontrollable interfacial evolution caused by a series of factors such as pH variation and unregulated Zn2+ diffusion would usually result in the rapid failure of metallic Zn anode. Considering the high correlation among various triggers that induce the anode deterioration, a synergistic modulation strategy based on electrolyte modification is developed. Benefitting from the unique pH buffer mechanism of the electrolyte additive and its capability to in situ construct a zincophilic solid interface, this synergistic effect can comprehensively manage the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Zn anode by inhibiting the pH variation and parasitic side reactions, accelerating de‐solvation of hydrated Zn2+, and regulating the diffusion behavior of Zn2+ to realize uniform Zn deposition. Thus, the modified Zn anode can achieve an impressive lifespan at ultra‐high current density and areal capacity, operating stably for 609 and 209 hours at 20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh cm−2 and 40 mA cm−2, 20 mAh cm−2, respectively. Based on this exceptional performance, high loading Zn||NH4V4O10 batteries can achieve excellent cycle stability and rate performance. Compared with those previously reported single pH buffer strategies, the synergistic modulation concept is expected to provide a new approach for highly stable Zn anode in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Synthesizing Interpenetrated Triazine‐based Covalent Organic Frameworks from CO2
Authors: Zhang Siquan , Lombardo Loris , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Fan Zeyu , Berdichevsky Ellan K. , Wei Yong‐Sheng , Kageyama Kotoha , Nishiyama Yusuke , Horike Satoshi
Published: September 2023

Crystalline triazine‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are aromatic nitrogen‐rich porous materials. COFs typically show high thermal/chemical stability, and are promising for energy applications, but often require harsh synthesis conditions and suffer from low crystallinity. In this work, we propose an environmentally friendly route for the synthesis of crystalline COFs from CO2 molecules as a precursor. The mass ratio of CO2 conversion into COFs formula unit reaches 46.3 %. The synthesis consists of two steps; preparation of 1,4‐piperazinedicarboxaldehyde from CO2 and piperazine, and condensation of the dicarboxaldehyde and melamine to construct the framework. The CO2‐derived COF has a 3‐fold interpenetrated structure of 2D layers determined by powder X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and select‐area electron diffraction. The structure shows a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 945 m2 g−1 and high stability against strong acid (6 M HCl), base (6 M NaOH), and boiling water over 24 hours. Post‐modification of the framework with oxone has been demonstrated to modulate hydrophilicity, and it exhibits proton conductivity of 2.5×10−2 S cm−1 at 85 °C, 95 % of relative humidity.
Multicomponent solubility in gas‐phase polypropylene processes
Authors: Kulajanpeng Kusuma , Bel Hadj Hassine Yesmine , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , Tanthapanichakoon Wiwut , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: September 2023

Understanding the sorption equilibrium of penetrants into a polymer is key to mastering the kinetics and properties of the final product. These systems are non‐ideal meaning the presence of multiple components in the continuous phase changes the solubility of individual species with respect to pure component solubilities. For this reason, measurements of the individual and total solubilities of multiple penetrants in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and random copolymers (RCP) were performed using a pressure decay method at temperatures of 75–85°C, and total pressures of up to 29 barG. The results showed that the pure component solubilities of propylene and propane in amorphous iPP were similar, but 4 to 5 times higher than that of ethylene in the same polymer. However, in the ternary system of propylene/propane/iPP, it is seen that propylene acts as an anti‐solvent to propane, and that propane acts as an anti‐solvent to propylene, resulting in lower solubility of both penetrants than in the respective binary cases. The co‐solubility effect of propylene on ethylene and the anti‐solvent effect of ethylene on propylene were observed for the system of propylene/ethylene/RCP.
Synthesis of Inexpensive Ternary Metal Oxides by a Co‐Precipitation Method for Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Cam Thanh Son , Anh Nguyen Phan Quang , Duc Bui Nguyen Minh , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Lei Juying , Thanh Nguyen Trung , Huy Nguyen Nhat
Published: September 2023

By using a simple co‐precipitation method, new Fe2O3‐based nanocatalysts (samples) were synthesized. The samples were composites of two or three transition metal oxides, MOx (M=Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu). The average size of CuO crystallites in the composites composed of two oxide components (CuO−Fe2O3) was about 14.3 nm, while in those composed of three (CuO−MnOx−Fe2O3), the composite's phase compositions were almost in the amorphous form when annealing the sample at 300 °C. The latter sample had a specific surface area higher than that of the former, 207.9 and 142.1 g/m2, respectively, explaining its higher catalytic CO oxidation. The CO conversion over the CuO−MnOx−Fe2O3‐300 catalyst (1 g of catalyst, 2600 ppm of CO concentration in air, and 1.0 L/min of gas flow rate) begins at about 40 °C; the temperature for 50 % CO conversion (t50) is near 82 °C; and CO removal is almost complete at t99 ≈110 °C. The activity of the optimal sample was tested in different catalytic conditions, thereby observing a high durability of 99–100 % CO conversion at 130 °C. The obtained results were derived from XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, elemental analysis and mapping, as well as catalytic experiments.
Heed warnings gleaned from hazing case at Northwestern
Authors: O’Brien Timothy
Published: September 2023

The hazing scandal that has enveloped the Northwestern University football team serves as an important reminder that allegations of misconduct — which in this case consisted of bullying, harassment, discrimination, and hazing by student‐athletes with the alleged knowledge of some of the coaches — has the potential to occur within any athletics department and can happen at the most unexpected times and places.
Gain insight into DI transfer compliance
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2023

ORLANDO, FLORIDA — To help you stay updated and in compliance with Division I transfer issues, you’ll want to review the best practices and guidance discussed by a panel of compliance experts at the annual convention for the National Association for Athletics Compliance. Moderated by Susan Peal, Director of Governance at the NCAA, the panel included Emily Capeheart, Associate Director at the NCAA; Bryan Jackson, Assistant Track and Field Coach at the University of Central Florida; and Kristina Minor, Senior Associate Athletics Director at Northwestern University.
Analysing applications of neuromarketing in efficacy of programmatic advertising
Authors: Bajaj Radheyshyam , Ali Syed Asif , Singh Surabhi
Published: September 2023

In this paper, there is exploration of the concept of neuromarketing as a newly developed strategy with economic potential deriving from human brain research. The central notion of the essay is that programmatic advertising can be used to better comprehend the idea of neuromarketing and its impact on consumers' decision‐making. So neuromarketing involves the scientific observation of brainwave activity, eye tracking, and skin response to determine how people's brains react to advertisements and other brand‐related communications. By studying the brain, these neuromarketing strategies can forecast how consumers will make decisions. The neuromarketing tactics' benefits and constraints are studied on a number of market input devices in the paper. The influence of various techniques of neuromarketing is studied from the available research studies and literature. In the recent years, the neuromarketing concept has been able to garner a lot of importance in its contribution to the marketing, advertising, and programmatic advertising has been immensely helped by the understanding of consumer decision making. The consumer behaviour has been able to be comprehended through neuromarketing techniques which are one of the key pillars of the purpose and running of programmatic advertising. A neuromarketing study shall be the helping hand for increasing customer base, market leadership, and converting them to loyal customers. It will help in programmatic advertising through the understanding of the advertiser with respect to the likes and wants of the customers and how consumer attention can be drawn. The consumer behaviour can be understood by the marketers in terms of how the consumers react to the advertising.
Prebiotic Synthesis of 3’,5’‐Cyclic Adenosine and Guanosine Monophosphates through Carbodiimide‐Assisted Cyclization
Authors: Coulon Rémi , Papoušková Barbora , Mohammadi Elmira , Otyepka Michal , Wunnava Sreekar , Šponer Jiří , Šponer Judit E.
Published: September 2023

3’,5’‐Cyclic nucleotides play a fundamental role in modern biochemical processes and have been suggested to have played a central role at the origin of terrestrial life. In this work, we suggest that a formamide‐based systems chemistry might account for their availability on the early Earth. In particular, we demonstrate that in a liquid formamide environment at elevated temperatures 3’,5’‐cyclic nucleotides are obtained in good yield and selectivity upon intramolecular cyclization of 5’‐phosphorylated nucleosides in the presence of carbodiimides.
Biotransformation Of l‐Tryptophan To Produce Arcyriaflavin A With Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Bitzenhofer Nora Lisa , Classen Thomas , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Loeschcke Anita
Published: September 2023

Natural products such as indolocarbazoles are a valuable source of highly bioactive compounds with numerous potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Arcyriaflavin A, isolated from marine invertebrates and slime molds, is one representative of this group and acts as a cyclin D1‐cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 inhibitor. To date, access to this compound has mostly relied on multi‐step total synthesis. In this study, biosynthetic access to arcyriaflavin A was explored using recombinant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 based on a previously generated producer strain. We used a Design of Experiment approach to analyze four key parameters, which led to the optimization of the bioprocess. By engineering the formation of outer membrane vesicles and using an adsorbent in the culture broth, we succeeded to increase the yield of arcyriaflavin A in the cell‐free supernatant, resulting in a nearly eight‐fold increase in the overall production titers. Finally, we managed to scale up the bioprocess leading to a final yield of 4.7 mg arcyriaflavin A product isolated from 1 L of bacterial culture. Thus, this study showcases an integrative approach to improve biotransformation and moreover also provides starting points for further optimization of indolocarbazole production in P. putida.
Crack Monitoring on Concrete Structures using Robust Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Herbers Max , Richter Bertram , Marx Steffen
Published: September 2023

The possibility to measure strains continuously using distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) offers enormous potential for structural health monitoring. Cracks can be automatically detected, localized and crack widths calculated. To address the relevant questions of choosing the right DFOS and appropriate application technique for monitoring existing structures, two 4 m long reinforced concrete beams were loaded under service loads in a 4‐point bending test. The DFOS were either bonded directly to the smooth concrete surface or along a groove. For comparison, another DFOS was integrated into the specimen. It is demonstrated that with the used adhesive, a good strain transfer from the specimen to the DFOS can be ensured even with subsequent installation. In order to detect all cracks with high reliability, robust DFOS with a monolithic cross section should be preferred for the practical use. The accuracy of crack width measurement was verified through Reference measurement via digital image correlation. For the monolithic DFOS, all measurement deviations were within the tolerance range of ±0.05 mm. With layered sensing cables, significant misinterpretations occurred due to strongly damped strain curves.