bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of SME to Regional Economic Development: On example of Adjara Autonomous Republic
Authors: Glonti Vladimer , Manvelidze Rezo , Surmanidze Iamze
Published: February 2021

Small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) is one of the most important sectors of the national economy. It determines the economic growth rate of the country/region and the structure of the gross national product. The article aims at evaluating the contribution of SME to the regional economic development on example Adjara A.R. (Republic of Georgia), investigating and analyzing importance of SME development at regional level and discussing the factors influence on its development. In the research section of the given article econometric analyses of SME key indicators is conducted by linear log-regression model based on statistical data of 2006-2019 years. The results of the research study show positive impacts of the number of employees and their productivity on gross value added. The study aims at underlining the government policy supporting an advantageous SME environment and conditions, which is a precondition for regional economic development.
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Mitikhin Vyacheslav , Solokhina Tatyana , Yastrebova Valerya , Tiumenkova Galina
Published: February 2021

Objectives. Analysis of the main methods of psychosocial rehabilitation (PsR) and development of a systematic approach to the problem of evaluating its effectiveness.

Methods. Psychometric, sociological, system analysis methods and algorithms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1, 2].

Results. The analysis of problems that arise when evaluating the effectiveness of PsR, the choice of evaluation criteria and methodological tools that are most often used for this purpose. It is shown that for an objective assessment of the results of rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account the hierarchical structure of both the assessment problems and the information to be processed. This information includes quantitative indicators (age, duration of illness, frequency of hospitalizations, results of neurobiological studies), as well as non-numeric (psychometric) indicators (severity of psychopathological symptoms, characteristics of compliance, social behavior, and the patient's environment). The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of PsR provides for the development of local and integral criteria for the effectiveness of rehabilitation, based on a multi-dimensional, hierarchical consideration of mental pathology using the AHP algorithms.

Conclusions. When solving problems evaluation of the effectiveness of the PsR must use a systematic approach that allows to generate local and integral evaluation of the effectiveness of the PsR based on the individual program of rehabilitation and weightiness of the resulting estimates. References. 1. Solokhina T.A., Mitikhin V.G., Yastrebova V.V., Tiumenkova G.V.
S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 119(12): 154-161, 2. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A.
S.S. Korsakov

Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 119(2): 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149
Las políticas sociales luego de 2001 y hasta 2015:«Resolviendo» la paradoja entre la «segmentación» y la «inclusión»
Authors: Brown Brenda
Published: February 2021

Desde un enfoque centrado en la teoría crítica, este artículo estudia la forma que adopta la política social argentina a partir de 2001 y hasta 2015. Este análisis se realiza a la luz de los rasgos que asume el mercado de trabajo durante este periodo, que se caracteriza por ser de crecimiento económico con incremento de los ocupados totales, pero también por la persistencia de algunos problemas de empleo que se consolidan y se presentan como estructurales y de difícil reversión. En este marco y, a partir de utilizar el análisis de contenido como herramienta metodológica, en este artículo se sostiene que el Estado, mediante las políticas sociales, reproduce de manera paradójica la segmentación del mercado de trabajo ya que, por un lado, identifica a esta problemática como de difícil reversión —implementando políticas específicas para la población considerada vulnerable— y, por el otro, propicia el desdibujamiento de las fronteras entre la población empleada y la población desempleada y entre los distintos segmentos de trabajadores que componen el mercado laboral.
Analisis Nitrat dan Fosfat Terhadap Sebaran Fitoplankton Sebagai Bioindikator Kesuburan Perairan Muara Sungai Bodri
Authors: Mishbach Imam , Zainuri Muhammad , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Sugianto Denny Nugroho , Pribadi Rudhi
Published: February 2021

Nitrat dan fosfat adalah unsur nutrien yang menjadi pembatas kelimpahan fitoplankton. Kandungan nitrat dan fosfat di perairan muara akan dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologi, fisika dan kimia perairan, yang menyebabkan timbulnya suatu persebaran. Hal tersebut menjadi permasalahan di Muara Sungai Bodri, Kendal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan nitrat dan fosfat beserta pola persebarannya, serta keterkaitannya dengan struktur populasi fitoplankton sebagai bioindikator kesuburan perairan di Perairan Muara Sungai Bodri, Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian dilaksanakan berdasarkan metoda observasi dengan pendekatan spatio-temporal. Sejumlah 9 stasiun penelitian dan 3 kali waktu sampling yaitu 30 Juni, 1 September dan 27 Oktober 2018. Kandungan nitrat dan fosfat serta kelimpahan fitoplankton ditetapkan sebagai variabel terikat. Sedangkan parameter fisika dan kimia perairan seperti suhu, salinitas, derajat keasaman (pH), oksigen terlarut, kecerahan dan arus ditetapkan sebagai variabel kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kandungan nitrat berkisar 0,49-0,9 mg/l serta kandungan fosfat berkisar 0,01-0,29 mg/l yang menunjukkan bahwa perairan Muara Sungai Bodri, Kabupaten Kendal dalam kondisi subur/eutrofik. Kelimpahan fitoplankton menunjukkan nilai kisaran diantara 2.356 sampai dengan 162.626 sel/l, yang tersusun oleh 5 kelas dan 45 jenis/species dengan pola persebaran berbentuk konvergen yang bertumpu pada stasiun 3 dan 5. Perairan Muara Sungai Bodri, Kabupaten Kendal menunjukkan tingkat kesuburan yang tinggi atau eutrofik.   Nitrate and Phosphate are the nutrient element which influence as limiting factor to the phytoplankton population. Nitrate and Phosphate in the water were influence by physical and chemical factors, and will affect to the distribution. The distribution of nitrate and phosphate will affect the distribution of phytoplankton population. The purpose of the research is to analyze the distribution of phytoplankton population due to the influence of nitrate and phosphate contents at Bodri Estuary, Kendal. The research was apllied based on the spatio-temporel approach. There are 9 stations and triple sampling of 30 June, 1st Septembre and 27 Octobre, 2018. The nitrate and phosphate contents and phytoplankton abundance was set as dependent variables. The parameters temperature, salinity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, transparency and current were used as variable control. The research result show the nitrate content range between 0,49-0,9 mgr./l and the phosphate content range between 0,01-0,29 mgr./l, which indicate that the Bodri Estuary, Kendal is eutrophic. The distribution of nitrate and phosphate contens show a model of convergen on west area of sampling and tend to along the coastline in the east part. The phytoplankton abundance show a range of 2.356 - 162.626 cell /l, which composed of 5 Class and 45 species.
Seminal plasma protein profile based on molecular weight and their correlation with semen quality of Simmental bull
Authors: Baharun A. , Arifiantini I. , Karja N. W. K. , Said S.
Published: February 2021

Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) produces frozen semen that was taken from superior bull. The selection of superior bull was based on breeding soundness evaluation. This study is aimed to evaluating the correlation between the molecular weight (MW) of seminal plasma protein and semen quality of Simmental bulls. Semen ejaculates from nine Simmental Bulls, that belong to AIC of Central Java, at Ungaran, were collected by using an artificial vagina. The sub population of sperm in ejaculates was evaluated through macroscopically and microscopically, in which the semen then centrifugated 6500 rpm for 30 minutes. The supernatant was collected and inserted into mini straw and stored in liquid nitrogen container. The concentration of seminal plasma protein was determined by the Bradford method. The Bradford protocol of analysis was suitable with User Guide Coomasize (Bradford) Protein Assay Kit. Thermo Skanlt RE for Multiskan Go Software, 3.2 version was applied for analyzing of the data, and protein characterization used was 1D-SDS-PAGE. The Coomassie Brilliant Blue was used for coloring the gels, and the proteins MW was determined by MW markers. The result demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between protein concentration and semen quality (P>0.05). Protein expressions based on MW were 62-48 kD, 100-71 kD found in this study. The analysis of correlation showed that the proteins with 100-71 kD MW correlated with sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and sperm concentration. Semen quality in all parameters was significant (P˂0.05 and P>0.01) with 62-48 kD protein MW. The result concluded that seminal plasma protein had a correlation with semen quality and can be used as additional indicator for bull’s candidate selection.
The efficiency of pig farming inputs in Minahasa Regency of North Sulawesi
Authors: Santa N. M. , Manese M. A. V. , Waleleng P. O. V.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the production and the efficiency of pig farming input in Minahasa Regency of North Sulawesi Province. The location was determined using the multistage random sampling method, determining regency, districts, and village, which have the highest pig population in North Sulawesi Province, so that Minahasa Regency, and four selected Districts (Sonder, Kakas, Tombulu and Tombariri), then 2 villages/district were taken. The sample was determined using a simple random method by taking 25 farmers in each district so that the total sample was 100 pig farmers, then the data was taken in January-July 2019. Variables measured were the number of pig production, the number of sows, the number of piglets, the number of feed (corn, concentrate, rice bran) and the number of labor. Data were analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas production function model with multiple linear regression and marginal product values calculations. The results showed that the efficiency of pig farming inputs was larger than one, meaning it was inefficient. This condition is still possible to increase pig production by increasing the number of sows, the number of piglets, the number of feed (corn, bran, concentrate), and the number of labor.
La consommation d’aliments traditionnels au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, étude Foodbook en 2014–2015
Authors: Morton Vanessa , Manore Anna , Ciampa Nadia , Glass-Kaastra Shiona , Hurst Matt , Mullen Angie , Cutler Jennifer
Published: February 2021

Contexte : Cet article présente un résumé descriptif de la consommation de divers aliments traditionnels (i.e. des aliments d’origine végétale et animale procurés localement dans la nature) par les résidents du Yukon (Yn), des Territoires du Nord-Ouest (T. N.-O.) et du Nunavut (Nt). Les données ont été collectées dans le cadre de l’étude Foodbook en 2014 et 2015. Méthodes : L’étude Foodbook a été réalisée par téléphone sur une période d’un an. Les répondants ont été interrogés sur la consommation d’un large éventail de produits alimentaires au cours des sept jours précédents. Les habitants des territoires ont également été interrogés sur la consommation d’aliments traditionnels spécifiques à la région. Les données ont été pondérées afin d’élaborer des estimations territoriales de la consommation. Des données sur l’âge, le sexe, le lieu, le revenu et le niveau de scolarité ont également été recueillies. Résultats : Le taux de réponse national pour le sondage Foodbook a été de 19,9 %. Au total, 1 235 résidents des territoires ont participé à l’étude (Yn, n = 402, T. N.-O., n = 458, Nt, n = 375). La consommation d’aliments traditionnels au cours des sept jours précédents a été signalée par 77,5 %, 60,7 % et 66,4 % des participants au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut, respectivement. Conclusion : Les réponses aux questions sur les aliments traditionnels posées en parallèle au questionnaire principal de l’étude Foodbook donnent un aperçu de la consommation d’aliments traditionnels au Yukon, aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest et au Nunavut.
Une évaluation qualitative du programme de la Base de données publique internationale sur les éclosions des maladies d’origine alimentaire
Authors: Thaivalappill Abhinand , Mascarenhas Mariola , Waddell Lisa A , Young Ian
Published: February 2021

Contexte : La Base de données publique internationale sur les éclosions des maladies d’origine alimentaire (Publicly Available International Foodborne Outbreak Database (PAIFOD)) est un répertoire régulièrement mis à jour qui contient des données internationales sur les éclosions recueillies auprès de multiples systèmes de surveillance et de sources. En date de février 2020, la base de données contenait plus de 13 000 entrées couvrant plus de 20 ans. La PAIFOD est la seule base de données connue qui saisit les données internationales sur les éclosions de maladies d’origine alimentaire. Objectif : Explorer les perceptions des utilisateurs et déterminer les orientations possibles pour la PAIFOD et faire des recommandations pour les bases de données contenant des informations sur la sécurité alimentaire. Méthodes : Entre janvier et mars 2020, 16 entretiens téléphoniques semi-directifs ont été menés avec 24 anciens utilisateurs, actuels et potentiels de la PAIFOD. Les répondants ont été interrogés sur leur connaissance et leur expérience de l’utilisation de la PAIFOD ainsi que sur ses forces et ses faiblesses, et sur les recommandations concernant la base de données. Une approche d’analyse thématique inductive a été utilisée pour analyser les données qualitatives et générer des thèmes. Résultats : Quatre thèmes principaux ont été dégagés à partir des témoignages des 24 répondants sur leur expérience et leurs recommandations concernant la PAIFOD : les participants ont considéré que la PAIFOD était un outil utile; ils ne connaissaient pas bien son contenu ni son objectif; ils ont déclaré qu’elle devrait devenir une plateforme en libre accès ou être liée à une autre initiative de partage d’informations; et ils ont estimé que la PAIFOD avait le potentiel pour améliorer la réputation de l’Agence en devenant largement reconnue et utilisée. Conclusion : Ce travail, ainsi que le contexte en constante évolution de la surveillance alimentaire, soutient la nécessité de garantir que la PAIFOD soit mise à jour pour répondre aux exigences actuelles des experts en salubrité alimentaire.
Managing pain and fear: Playing your CARDs to improve the vaccination experience
Authors: Taddio Anna , Ilersich Anthony , McMurtry C Meghan , Bucci Lucie M , MacDonald Noni E
Published: February 2021

Most vaccinations are administered with a needle, which can cause pain and pain-related symptoms such as fear and fainting. At present, interventions aimed at preventing pain and associated symptoms are not systematically integrated in the vaccination delivery process even though they contribute to negative experiences with vaccination and vaccination noncompliance. In this article, a novel framework for vaccination delivery called the CARD™ system was reviewed. CARD is an acronym for Comfort, Ask, Relax and Distract, whereby each letter category incorporates evidence-based interventions to reduce pain and fear and related symptoms. CARD can be integrated in usual vaccination planning and delivery activities in many settings to improve the vaccination experience and decrease pain and fear as barriers to vaccination. Immunizers in all settings and organizational leaders are invited to review their vaccination services against CARD to identify opportunities for enhancing the quality of care being provided.
Escape room as an adult education tool
Authors: Mijal Michał , Cieśla Martyna , Gromadzka Monika
Published: February 2021

Games gain popularity as teaching tools. Escape rooms, however, are a novelty, with most authors focusing on their description rather than the analysis of effects of their utilisation. The objective of this paper is to analyse experiences of players partaking in an educational escape game, and to observe escape rooms from the viewpoint of a scholar interested in the efficiency of the tool. The research material consists of questionnaires filled in by research subjects and transcripts of structured interviews. Due to the relatively large sample (N = 258), it is possible to conclude from the gathered quantitative data that there has been a growth in the subjects’ knowledge.
Gry w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej. Perspektywa teoretyczna oraz wnioski praktyczne
Authors: Kaźmierczak Paulina
Published: February 2021

W artykule ukazano zasadność wykorzystania gier i zabaw podczas lekcji języka polskiego jako obcego. Autorka wyjaśnia, na czym polega strategia ludyczna stosowana w procesie kształcenia. Porównuje pomoce dydaktyczne dostępne na rynku wydawniczym i analizuje ich przydatność. Wniosek z przeprowadzonych rozważań obliguje do konstruowania autorskich gier i zabaw w zależności od potrzeb grupy zajęciowej. Ważna jest także dbałość o korzystanie ze złożonych narzędzi edukacyjnych, które ze względu na wielopłaszczyznowość działania mogą wpłynąć na wzrost efektów kształcenia.
Neuromodulation Can Be Simple: Myoinhibitory Peptide, Contained in Dedicated Regulatory Pathways, Is the Only Neurally-Mediated Peptide Modulator of Stick Insect Leg Muscle
Authors: Liessem Sander , Kowatschew Daniel , Dippel Stefan , Blanke Alexander , Korsching Sigrun , Guschlbauer Christoph , Hooper Scott L. , Predel Reinhard , Büschges Ansgar
Published: February 2021

In the best studied cases (Aplysiafeeding, crustacean stomatogastric system), peptidergic modulation is mediated by large numbers of peptides. Furthermore, inAplysia, excitatory motor neurons release the peptides, obligatorily coupling target activation and modulator release. Vertebrate nervous systems typically contain about a hundred peptide modulators. These data have created a belief that modulation is, in general, complex. The stick insect leg is a well-studied locomotory model system, and the complete stick insect neuropeptide inventory was recently described. We used multiple techniques to comprehensively examine stick insect leg peptidergic modulation. Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) and immunohistochemistry showed that myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) is the only neuronal (as opposed to hemolymph-borne) peptide modulator of all leg muscles. Leg muscle excitatory motor neurons contained no neuropeptides. Only the common inhibitor (CI) and dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neuron groups, each neuron of which innervates a group of functionally-related leg muscles, contained MIP. We described MIP transport to, and receptor presence in, one leg muscle, the extensor tibiae (ExtTi). MIP application reduced ExtTi slow fiber force and shortening by about half, increasing the muscle's ability to contract and relax rapidly. These data show neuromodulation does not need to be complex. Excitation and modulation do not need to be obligatorily coupled (Aplysiafeeding). Modulation does not need to involve large numbers of peptides, with the attendant possibility of combinatorial explosion (stomatogastric system). Modulation can be simple, mediated by dedicated regulatory neurons, each innervating a single group of functionally-related targets, and all using the same neuropeptide.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems contain large numbers (around a hundred in human brain) of peptide neurotransmitters. In prior work, neuropeptide modulation has been complex, either obligatorily coupling postsynaptic excitation and modulation, or large numbers of peptides modulating individual neural networks. The complete stick insect neuropeptide inventory was recently described. We comprehensively describe here peptidergic modulation in the stick insect leg. Surprisingly, out of the large number of potential peptide transmitters, only myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) was present in neurons innervating leg muscles. Furthermore, the peptide was present only in dedicated regulatory neurons, not in leg excitatory motor neurons. Peptidergic modulation can thus be simple, neither obligatorily coupling target activation and modulation nor involving so many peptides that combinatorial explosion can occur.
Attenuated Directed Exploration during Reinforcement Learning in Gambling Disorder
Authors: Wiehler A. , Chakroun K. , Peters J.
Published: February 2021

Gambling disorder (GD) is a behavioral addiction associated with impairments in value-based decision-making and behavioral flexibility and might be linked to changes in the dopamine system. Maximizing long-term rewards requires a flexible trade-off between the exploitation of known options and the exploration of novel options for information gain. This exploration-exploitation trade-off is thought to depend on dopamine neurotransmission. We hypothesized that human gamblers would show a reduction in directed (uncertainty-based) exploration, accompanied by changes in brain activity in a fronto-parietal exploration-related network. Twenty-three frequent, non-treatment seeking gamblers and twenty-three healthy matched controls (all male) performed a four-armed bandit task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Computational modeling using hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation revealed signatures of directed exploration, random exploration, and perseveration in both groups. Gamblers showed a reduction in directed exploration, whereas random exploration and perseveration were similar between groups. Neuroimaging revealed no evidence for group differences in neural representations of basic task variables (expected value, prediction errors). Our hypothesis of reduced frontal pole (FP) recruitment in gamblers was not supported. Exploratory analyses showed that during directed exploration, gamblers showed reduced parietal cortex and substantia-nigra/ventral-tegmental-area activity. Cross-validated classification analyses revealed that connectivity in an exploration-related network was predictive of group status, suggesting that connectivity patterns might be more predictive of problem gambling than univariate effects. Findings reveal specific reductions of strategic exploration in gamblers that might be linked to altered processing in a fronto-parietal network and/or changes in dopamine neurotransmission implicated in GD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWiehler et al. (2021) report that gamblers rely less on the strategic exploration of unknown, but potentially better rewards during reward learning. This is reflected in a related network of brain activity. Parameters of this network can be used to predict the presence of problem gambling behavior in participants.
Population Receptive Field Shapes in Early Visual Cortex Are Nearly Circular
Authors: Lerma-Usabiaga Garikoitz , Winawer Jonathan , Wandell Brian A.
Published: February 2021

The visual field region where a stimulus evokes a neural response is called the receptive field (RF). Analytical tools combined with functional MRI (fMRI) can estimate the RF of the population of neurons within a voxel. Circular population RF (pRF) methods accurately specify the central position of the pRF and provide some information about the spatial extent (diameter) of the RF. A number of investigators developed methods to further estimate the shape of the pRF, for example, whether the shape is more circular or elliptical. There is a report that there are many pRFs with highly elliptical pRFs in early visual cortex (V1–V3; Silson et al., 2018). Large aspect ratios (>2) are difficult to reconcile with the spatial scale of orientation columns or visual field map properties in early visual cortex. We started to replicate the experiments and found that the software used in the publication does not accurately estimate RF shape: it produces elliptical fits to circular ground-truth data. We analyzed an independent data set with a different software package that was validated over a specific range of measurement conditions, to show that in early visual cortex the aspect ratios are <2. Furthermore, current empirical and theoretical methods do not have enough precision to discriminate ellipses with aspect ratios of 1.5 from circles. Through simulation we identify methods for improving sensitivity that may estimate ellipses with smaller aspect ratios. The results we present are quantitatively consistent with prior assessments using other methodologies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe evaluated whether the shape of many population receptive fields (RFs) in early visual cortex is elliptical and differs substantially from circular. We evaluated two tools for estimating elliptical models of the pRF; one tool was valid over the measured compliance range. Using the validated tool, we found no evidence that confidently rejects circular fits to the pRF in visual field maps V1, V2, and V3. The new measurements and analyses are consistent with prior theoretical and experimental assessments in the literature.
Toward a Trans Method, or Reciprocity as a Way of Life
Authors: Joynt Chase , Rosskam Jules
Published: February 2021

It is reductive yet accurate to assert that Chase Joynt and Jules Rosskam first met because they are both trans people who make documentary films. While the alignment of these affinities does not necessarily prefigure a friendship—in fact, many would argue and experience the opposite—they have found kinship in their shared approach to positions as institutionally embedded academics who are also publicly exhibiting artists. Inspired by Michel Foucault’s “Friendship as a Way of Life” (1997) and the cross-disciplinary, conversational theory making of Lisa Duggan and José Muñoz, James Baldwin and Audre Lorde, and Lauren Berlant and Lee Edelman, they use dialogue to extend the intimate interdisciplinary legacies and potentials of thinkers collaboratively discussing social issues. Together, they ask what might be possible in envisioning, theorizing, and enacting a trans cinematic method—a praxis for artists and scholars alike to be in meaningful, mutually supportive, world-sustaining relationships.
“Repent of the Sins of Homophobia”
Authors: Goossen Rachel Waltner
Published: February 2021

Across North America, Mennonites are widely regarded to be among the most conservative of Christian groups. But in recent decades, Mennonite understandings of LGBTQ+ identity have transformed faith communities, as the engagement of social media-conscious activists such as Pink Menno have contributed to evolving practices regarding sexual minorities in Mennonite churches. Recent ordinations and the growing visibility of queer ministers, chaplains, and theologians have led to recent schism in Mennonite Church USA, with traditionalists departing the denomination in record numbers. The decentralized nature of Mennonitism has contributed to more inclusive policies in the past two decades, although decentralization also allows exclusionary practices to persist in some churches and institutions. This article draws from oral history interviews with thirty Mennonite theologically trained LGBTQ+ leaders from across the United States and Canada. These narratives demonstrate how—in some sectors of the Mennonite community—queer and non-queer people are accelerating changes in historically homophobic spaces.
Metafory synestezyjne w opisach doznań zapachowych we współczesnym języku rosyjskim (na podstawie wpisów na blogach o tematyce perfumeryjnej)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Ginter Anna
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to identify the mechanism of the functioning of synaesthetic metaphors describing fragrance in the modern Russian language. The linguistic material comes from posts on Internet perfume blogs. Synaesthetic metaphors are understood here as metaphors which result from a mapping of perceptual concept from a source domain onto a concept of perceptual or non-perceptual domain. The discussion is conducted mainly from the perspective of cognitive linguistics and neuronal sciences. As the results of the analysis prove, descriptions of olfactory sensations involve references to experiences typical of other modalities. What is interesting is that recollections are regarded as the most significant factors that determine descriptions of fragrances.
Cerkiewnosłowiańska wersja Słownika polskiej terminologii prawosławnej. Zasady graficzno-ortograficzne
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kurianowicz Małgorzata
Published: February 2021

The article tries to present the main graphical system and spelling rules adopted to write the Church Slavonic equivalents registered in the ‘Dictionary of Polish Orthodox Terminology’, an implementation of the grant of the National Programme for the Development of Humanities (Module: National Heritage, I / 2016), and to standardize their spelling. Analysis of Church Slavonic dictionaries showed a large graphical system diversity for the same entries, so the article is also an attempt to normalize this issue. Their final shape is the result of a critical review of Church Slavonic dictionaries and the writing norms included in grammars of the Church Slavonic language.
Образ женщины в русских устойчивых сравнениях
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Muszyńska-Wolny Dorota
Published: February 2021

The standard of comparison in a phraseological comparison is an exemplary carrier of the tertium comparationis. The analysis of such phraseological comparisons, which are united by the commonality of the standard of comparison, makes it possible to identify those features that, for native speakers of this language, members of a given cultural environment, are so typical that it even becomes a symbol of this feature. In this article, the standard of comparison is ‘woman’. Her features expressed in tertium comparationis allow us to check how Russians see a woman, how she is evaluated, how they treat her and what stereotypes about women are reflected in the Russian language.
Is pre-freeze sperm preparation more advantageous than post-freeze?
Authors: Androni Dimitra Apostolia , Dodds Sophie , Tomlinson Mathew , Maalouf Walid E
Published: February 2021

Human sperm cryopreservation is characterised to this day by sub-optimal success rates. Interestingly, a traditional approach to improving post-thaw outcome has been to integrate standard sperm preparation techniques into freezing protocols as a means of selecting sperm with the highest fertilisation potential prior to insemination. However, no consensus has been reached yet regarding the optimal timing (before or after freezing) of this selection step. Following analysis of a total of 20 human semen samples, which were divided into two aliquots prepared by density gradient centrifugation either before or after freezing, this study demonstrated higher post-thaw total (P < 0.0001), progressively motile (P = 0.005) and vital (P < 0.0001) sperm counts for frozen-prepared semen samples. The present study suggests that direct insemination with frozen-prepared sperm with minimal intervening post-thaw processing might be a more advantageous approach to current clinical practices, particularly for donor and patient intrauterine insemination programmes. Further research into cryopreservation-induced coiled sperm tail morphology is also warranted.

Lay summary

Freezing and storing of sperm in liquid nitrogen (’sperm cryopreservation') is the current method of choice for preserving the fertility of a wide scope of men. Nevertheless, sub-optimal sperm survival is still associated with traditional cryopreservation methods, namely 'slow freezing', and may affect fertility treatment success rates. Interestingly, a widely applied approach for selecting high-quality sperm before treatment has been to incorporate 'sperm preparation' techniques, such as density gradient centrifugation, in slow freezing protocols. There is, however, an ongoing debate regarding which is the optimal timing of this selection step: before or after freezing. In this study, we collected 20 human semen samples which were divided into two portions and subjected to density gradient centrifugation either before or after freezing. Post-thaw semen analyses demonstrated significantly improved sperm counts (P < 0.05) when density gradient centrifugation was performed before freezing, thus suggesting this approach to be more advantageous for current clinical practices.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Effects of chemical mixtures on the ovary
Authors: Mourikes Vasiliki E , Flaws Jodi A
Published: February 2021

The ovaries play a critical role in female reproductive health because they are the site of oocyte maturation and sex steroid hormone production. The unique cellular processes that take place within the ovary make it a susceptible target for chemical mixtures. Herein, we review the available data regarding the effects of chemical mixtures on the ovary, focusing on development, folliculogenesis, and steroidogenesis. The chemical mixtures discussed include those to which women are exposed to environmentally, occupationally, and medically. Following a brief introduction to chemical mixture components, we describe the effects of chemical mixtures on ovarian development, folliculogenesis, and steroidogenesis. Further, we discuss the effects of chemical mixtures on corpora lutea and transgenerational outcomes. Identifying the effects of chemical mixtures on the ovaries is paramount to preventing and treating mixture-inducing toxicity of the ovary that has long-term consequences such as infertility and ovarian disease.
Where Does Trust Break Down? A Quantitative Trust Analysis of Deep Neural Networks via Trust Matrix and Conditional Trust Densities
Authors: Hryniowski Andrew , Wong Alexander , Wang Xiao Yu
Published: February 2021

With tremendous rise in deep learning adoption comes questions about the trustworthiness of the deep neural networks that power a variety of applications. In this work, we introduce the concept of trust matrix, a novel trust quantification strategy that leverages the recently introduced question-answer trust metric by Wong et al. to provide deeper, more detailed insights into where trust breaks down for a given deep neural network given a set of questions. More specifically, a trust matrix defines the expected question-answer trust for a given actor-oracle answer scenario, allowing one to quickly spot areas of low trust that needs to be addressed in order to improve the trustworthiness of a deep neural network. We further extend the concept of trust densities with the notion of conditional trust densities.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula in Bronchiolitis at a Pediatric Emergency Department: Trends and Outcomes
Authors: Lipshaw Matthew J. , Vukovic Adam A. , Dean Preston , Semenova Olga , Zhang Yin , Eckerle Michelle , Murtagh Kurowski Eileen
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for bronchiolitis has increased, but data describing the current use and impact of this therapy are limited. Our objective with this study was to describe the use of HFNC for bronchiolitis in a pediatric emergency department (ED) from 2013 to 2019 and to explore associations with clinical outcomes.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of children aged 2 to 24 months with the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The primary outcome was HFNC initiation in the ED. Secondary outcomes included admission rate, ICU (PICU) admission, transfer to PICU from floor, and endotracheal intubation. An adjusted interrupted times series analysis was performed to analyze changes in rates of primary and secondary outcomes over time.

RESULTS:

In total 11 149 children met inclusion criteria; 902 (8.1%) were initiated on HFNC. The rate of HFNC initiation increased from 1.3% in 2012–2013 to 17.0% in 2018–2019 (Ptrend ≤ .001). Less than 30% of children initiated on HFNC were hypoxic. There were no significant changes over time in rates of hospital admission, PICU admission, or PICU transfer, adjusting for clinical severity, seasonality, and provider variation. Intubation rate increased over the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found a 13-fold increase in HFNC use over a 6-year period with no evidence of improvement in clinically meaningful outcomes. Clinical benefit should be clearly defined before further expansion of the use of HFNC for bronchiolitis in the ED.
The essential role of theory in minimizing harm from emerging technologies. Lost in committee?. •
Authors: Gullo Matthew J. , Saunders John B.
Published: February 2021

A coherent framework for addressing risk arising from new technologies is needed. In proposing a framework of broad application and future focus, where empirical evidence is scarce, reliance on strong theory becomes all the more important. Some technologies are more prone to excessive engagement than others (i.e. more addictive). Some users are also more susceptible to excessive engagement than others. Impulsivity theory emphasises the importance of reinforcement magnitude in determining the risk associated with a new technology, and that an individual's sensitivity to reinforcement (reward drive) and capacity to inhibit previously reinforced behaviour (rash impulsiveness) determines their susceptibility to problematic engagement. Online gaming provides a good example of how such theory can be applied to facilitate intervention efforts and develop policy.
Expanding on the multidisciplinary stakeholder framework to minimize harms for problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies. •
Authors: Shi Jing , van der Maas Mark , Turner Nigel E. , Potenza Marc N.
Published: February 2021

As new types of problematic behaviors and new forms of online risk-taking emerge, forming collaborative relationships while understanding complexities of motivations may help to promote harm reduction and intervention. While it may be too early to form a stakeholder framework without first conceptually understanding the problematic behaviors involved, we attempt to build upon a proposed multidisciplinary stakeholder framework to minimize harms for problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies. We propose an expansion of roles for individual stakeholders and an expansion of proposed roles for family stakeholders to include partner/spouses, others living in the household, and/or those with close relationships with individuals who are experiencing problems. Empowering individuals who use emerging technologies through participatory action research and knowledge translation/dissemination may lead to improvements in the quality of research and a greater impact on policy and practice. Also, we discuss benefits of industry self-regulation and collaboration on data-sharing practices. We recommend approaches to promote global collaboration with a larger group of relevant stakeholders (including but not limited to individual consumers of technology, families, communities, treatment and welfare providers, researchers, industries, and governments) to address protection of vulnerable populations and reduce harms for users of rapidly advancing technologies.
Current distribution of the invasive mollusk Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Cyrenidae) in Brazil, including a new record from the state of Piauí
Authors: Leal Manuella Feitosa , Simone Luiz Ricardo Lopes de , Lacerda Ana Carolina Figueiredo , Silva Edson Lourenço da , Gimenez Pinheiro Tamaris
Published: February 2021

Corbicula fluminea is an invasive clam originally from Asia that threatens the biodiversity of freshwater communities around the world. It has greatly expanded in Brazil since its first record. We report here the occurrence of C. fluminea from Piauí state, Parnaíba river basin and, provide an assessment of its current distribution in Brazil. The compiled data include 382 records in 22 states and the Federal District, encompassing a variety of ecosystems. These results contribute to a discussion about the invasion and expansion process of C. fluminea in Brazil over time.
The Mesolithic settlement and economy in the Lake Gościąż area
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, Rzeszów University, Poland, Pelisiak Andrzej , Rybicka Małgorzata ,   Institute of Archaeology, Rzeszów University, Poland
Published: February 2021

Lake Gościąż is located in a Gostinińskie Lake District (Central Poland). It contains long and good preserved continuous sequence of the annually laminated lake sediments spanning from the end of the last glaciation to contemporary times. They offer unique opportunities for investigating changes in the environment and human activity in the vicinity of the lakes. This paper is focused on correlation of palynological indicators of activity of the Mesolithic people with the picture of settlement in the region. Another problem discussed there question of reliability of palynological data, and therefore their usefulness for studies on settlement and economy.
Apresentação do Dossiê
Authors: Boas Alex Villas , Teixeira José Rui , Lopes Marcio Cappelli Aló , Lopes Marcos
Published: February 2021

Recentemente, por ocasião da morte de Eduardo Lourenço, Carlos Reis lembrou de uma passagem do diário desse importante intérprete da cultura portuguesa: “Gostaria de viver num convento onde o superior fosse Álvaro de Campos. Em lugar de nos perdermos na contemplação de Deus, adoraríamos noite e dia a sua Ausência”. Não obstante o longo processo de emancipação da arte em relação à religião, aqui, a passagem em que Lourenço alude ao heterônimo pessoano, além de ser uma pequena homenagem a este crítico de vocação humanista, mostra que, no mínimo, mesmo de maneira fraturada, a ideia de uma transcendência – ou do vácuo deixado por ela – não está de todo liquidada para a compreensão de certas expressões literárias. Até em alguns escritores em que a perda de uma inteligibilidade metafísica do mundo parece ser determinante, é possível perceber o confronto com uma alteridade ou com o seu rastro.
Racismo estrutural como pecado social ou estrutural: aproximações conceituais
Authors: Renders Helmut
Published: February 2021

O artigo apresenta e discute a realidade do racismo estrutural dentro da perspectiva do pecado social ou pecado estrutural, lembrando das origens diversas desses termos e das convergências entre eles, sob consideração da compreensão da facticidade de fenômenos socais segundo Emile Durkheim. Conclua-se que a compreensão do pecado social ou do pecado estrutural, usado por teólogos[as] do evangelho social, da missão integral e da teologia da libertação, mesmo com variações entre eles[as], representa uma ferramenta importante tanto para a análise adequado do racismo quanto para a luta para a sua superação.
Irrigando desertos: educação e imaginação em C.S. Lewis
Authors: Greggersen Gabriele
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do artigo, baseado no livro de C.S. Lewis, A Abolição do Homem, é compreender e discutir a importância da imaginação numa educação baseada no Tao. Perguntamo-nos em que situações e em que medida a educação se torna um deserto e como o uso da imaginação pode remediar essa situação? Após a compreensão e discussão dos aspectos essenciais do livro e de sua importância na educação, faremos algumas aplicações da filosofia educacional de A Abolição do Homem à educação que se queira cristã. A questão central é: O que podemos aprender do homem imaginativo, C.S. Lewis, e essa obra em particular sobre educação, numa perspectiva cristã?
Biomimetic Kinetic Shading Facade Inspired by Tree Morphology for Improving Occupant’s Daylight Performance
Authors:   Smart Architectural Technologies, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands, Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Fadli Fodil ,   Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar, Mohammadi Masi ,   Smart Architectural Technologies, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
Published: February 2021

Many recent studies in the field of the kinetic façade developed the grid-based modular forms through primary kinetic movements which are restricted in the simple shapes. However, learning from biological analogies reveals that plants and trees provide adjustable daylighting strategies by means of multilayered and curvature morphological changes. This research builds on a relevant literature study, observation, biomimicry morphological approach (top-down), and parametric daylighting simulation to develop a multilayered biomimetic kinetic façade form, inspired by tree morphology to improve occupants’ daylight performance. The first part of the research uses a literature review to explore how biomimicry influences the kinetic façade’s functions. Then, the study applies the biomimicry morphological approach to extract the formal strategies of tress due to dynamic daylight. Concerning functional convergence, the biomimicry principles are translated to the kinetic façade form configuration and movements. The extracted forms and movements are translated into the design solutions for the kinetic façade resulting in the flexible form by using intersected-multilayered skin and kinetic vectors with curvature movements. The comprehensive annual climate-based metrics and luminance-based metric simulation (625 alternatives) confirm the high performance of the bio-inspired complex kinetic façade for improving occupants’ daylight performance and preventing visual discomfort in comparison with the simple plain window as the base case. The kinetic façade provides daylight performance improvement, especially the best case achieves spatial Daylight Autonomy, Useful Daylight Illuminance, and Exceed Useful Daylight Illuminance of 50.6, 85.5, 7.55 respectively.
Establishment and Development of Socio-Legal Work in the Children Primary Care in USSR
Authors: Chicherin Leonid P. , Albitsky Valery Yu. , Shchepin Vladimir O. , Zagoruychenko Anna A.
Published: February 2021

Formative experience of establishment and development of legal support for maternity and childhood in USSR is considered over time and systematized. The role of measures taken by the socio-legal cabinet, as well as social patronage as the method of dynamic preventive identification of families with children who are in difficult circumstances. The author's vision on the accumulated experience significance in solving modern problems of protecting the child health and rights is presented.
Dalla Sicilia alla Spagna, dalla Spagna alla Sicilia: Leonardo Sciascia scrittore di viaggio
Authors:   Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spagna, Pioli Marco
Published: February 2021

The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War represented a pivotal moment in Leonardo Sciascia’s ideological development, as it pushed him towards an anti-fascist passion that would make him an engagé writer over the years. In fact, the news of Lorca’s assassination and Ortega y Gasset’s volumes had a lasting influence on the writer: he began to read Spanish and about the Spanish world, thus discovering Spain and its language, literature, and culture. In fact, it was a rediscovery, since, in the eyes of the Sicilian author, the common Arab domination and the long Spanish hegemony in Sicily had already connected the island and the peninsula in an intricate web of “similarities.” The present article aims to examine the distinctness of Sciascia’s Sicilian-Spanish imaginary that is present in the reports that he published after his numerous trips to the Iberian land starting in the 1950s. After having often been dismissed as paraliterary, those works will be analysed as travel writing so as to better appreciate them. Ore di Spagna, the volume that collects most of those journalistic articles, will be considered as one of the best examples of reporting in the 20th century, far beyond the boundaries of essay production.