bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The complement model disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Schmidt Christoph Q. , Höchsmann Britta , Schrezenmeier Hubert
Published: August 2024

We describe initial, current, and future aspects of complement activation and inhibition in the rare hematological disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). PNH is a rare but severe hematological disorder characterized by complement‐mediated intravascular hemolysis resulting in anemia and severe thrombosis. Insights into the complement‐mediated pathophysiology ultimately led to regulatory approval of the first‐in‐class complement inhibitor, eculizumab, in 2007. This anti‐complement C5 therapy resulted in the stabilization of many hematologic parameters and dramatically reduced the often fatal, coagulant‐resistant thrombotic events. Despite the remarkable clinical success, a substantial proportion of PNH patients experience suboptimal clinical responses during anti‐C5 therapy. We describe the identification and mechanistic dissection of four unexpected processes responsible for such suboptimal clinical responses: (1) pharmacokinetic and (2) pharmacodynamic intravascular breakthrough hemolysis, (3) continuing low‐level residual intravascular hemolysis, and (4) extravascular hemolysis. Novel complement therapeutics mainly targeting different complement proteins proximal in the cascade attempt to address these remaining problems. With five approved complement inhibitors in the clinic and many more being evaluated in clinical trials, PNH remains one of the complement diseases with the highest intensity of clinical research. Mechanistically unexpected breakthrough events occur not only with C5 inhibitors but also with proximal pathway inhibitors, which require further mechanistic elaboration.
Comparative Study of Porous High‐Entropy Oxides as Low‐Temperature Catalysts for CO2 Methanation
Authors: Knorpp Amy J. , Mielniczuk Monika , Nikolic Marin , Vogel Alexander , Figi Renato , Schreiner Claudia , Borgschulte Andreas , Stuer Michael
Published: August 2024

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs) are an emerging class of materials whose compositional complexity has garnered attention because of their tailorable chemistries and unique properties arising from extreme configurational entropy. Solid‐state methods are often employed to synthesize HEOs, but such methods result in poor material properties for catalytic processes, leaving HEOs less studied for catalysis. Here we utilize different wet‐synthesis strategies to produce porous HEOs and investigate their performance in heterogeneous CO2 hydrogenation to methane. Specifically, HEOs were synthesized using hydrothermal, co‐precipitation, and solvothermal methods, resulting in different morphologies like platelets or spheres. Of the tested materials, HEOs with 2‐D platelets derived from hydrothermally‐synthesized high‐entropy layered double hydroxides had superior catalytic performance, especially in low‐temperature regimes (<300 °C). K‐edge XANES indicated that metallic sites (Ni0‐Co0) were formed during the reaction, and these metallic sites are dispersed into the HEO matrix which is confirmed by STEM/elemental mapping. This facile synthesis approach allows for realized synergy between the metallic sites and the HEO support, leading to superior performance for CO2 methanation compared to low‐entropy counterparts. Finally, this study illustrates how HEOs offer new avenues of tailorability in terms of the interplay between support, active site and reaction temperatures for heterogeneous catalysis.
Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with chronic pain: Lessons from the DOUFAB and DOUFABIS studies
Authors: Angelini Chloé , Bar Claire , Baudier Marie Pierre , Fergelot Patricia , Lancelot Gwenaëlle , Rooryck Caroline , Germain Dominique P. , Jabbour Firas , Blanchet Anne‐Sophie , Cauchie Alexandre , Sarrazin Elisabeth , Bellance Rémi , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal , Bismuth Julie , Ranque‐Garnier Stéphanie , Corand Virginie , Coupry Isabelle , Goizet Cyril ,   The DOUFABIS Consortium
Published: August 2024

Background

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X‐linked lysosomal disorder caused by alpha‐galactosidase deficiency consecutive to a pathogenic variant in the GLA gene. Age at onset is highly variable, with a wide clinical spectrum including frequent renal, cardiac, skin and nervous system manifestations. Since pain can be an indicator of underlying FD, we wanted to estimate the prevalence of FD in a population of chronic pain patients.

Methods

Two studies, DOUFAB and DOUFABIS, were carried out in expert centers for chronic pain to assess the prevalence of FD by measuring alpha galactosidase A activity in men and analysing the GLA gene in women.

Results

Analysis of 893 patients, essentially adults, led to the diagnosis of FD in one female patient, now treated with enzyme replacement therapy.

Conclusions

The prevalence of FD is estimated about 1/1000 in our population of men and women suffering from various chronic pain. This is nearly the prevalence of FD observed in other previously screened high‐risk populations with renal failure.

Significance

Although a systematic search for FD does not seem relevant in the context of unexplained chronic pain in adults, a positive family history of FD or the presence of additional FD related organ features must lead to consider this rare disease diagnosis. Therefore, pain specialists need to be aware of main features of FD, including pain characteristics.
How Microstructures, Oxide Layers, and Charge Transfer Reactions Influence Double Layer Capacitances. Part 2: Equivalent Circuit Models
Authors: Schalenbach Maximilian , Raijmakers Luc , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: August 2024

In the first part of this study, double layer (DL) capacitances of plane and porous electrodes were related to electrochemical active surface areas based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Here, these measured data are described with equivalent circuit models (ECMs), aiming to critically assess the ambiguity, reliability, and pitfalls of the parametrization of physicochemical mechanisms. For microstructures and porous electrodes, the resistive–capacitive contributions of DL in combination with resistively damped currents in pores are discussed to require the complexity of convoluted transmission line ECMs. With these ECMs, the frequency‐dependencies of the capacitances of porous electrodes are elucidated. Detailed EIS or CV data‐based reconstructions of complex microstructures are discussed as impossible due to the blending of individual structural features and the related loss of information. Microstructures in combination with charge transfer reactions and weakly conducting parts require parameter‐rich ECMs for an accurate physicochemical description of all physicochemical mechanisms contributing to the response. Nevertheless, the data of such a complex electrode in the form of an oxidized titanium electrode are fitted by an oversimplistic ECM, showing how easily unphysical parameterizations can be obtained with ECM‐based impedance analysis. In summary, trends in how microstructures, charge transfer resistances and oxide layers can influence EIS and CV data are shown, while awareness for the overinterpretation of ECM‐analysis is raised.
Nonlinear static analysis of masonry structures with mortar joints and cracking units by optimization‐based rigid block models
Authors: Portioli Francesco P. A. , Lourenço Paulo B.
Published: August 2024

A rigid block model with elasto‐plastic softening interfaces is developed for nonlinear static analysis of masonry structures subject to monotonic loading. Cracking, crushing, and shear failures are taken into account at interfaces, following a simple micro‐modeling approach. An optimization‐based formulation is used for the solution of the equation systems governing the behavior of the rigid block assemblage. A simple incremental solution procedure is implemented to take into account the material softening behavior and the effects of large displacements on equilibrium conditions. The interface models are validated against tension and shear tests on bi‐block prisms from the literature. Applications to numerical and experimental out‐of‐plane loaded masonry walls as well as to circular arches with mortar joints are presented to evaluate the effects of tensile strength and the accuracy of the developed model against responses involving P‐Δ effects. Comparisons with experimental tests on shear walls also involving cracking of the units in the failure mechanisms are finally reported to discuss the potentialities and limitations of the proposed modeling approach.
Enhancing immunomodulation in cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed mice through targeted modulation of butyrate‐producing gut microbiota via oral administration of astragalus polysaccharides
Authors: Rong XinQian , Shu QingLong
Published: August 2024

Astragalus polysaccharide is one of the most extensively studied traditional Chinese medicinal polysaccharides because of its immunomodulatory activity and has attracted considerable attention. Existing evidence suggests that its potential immunomodulatory mechanism is related to the modulation of intestinal microbiota. However, current research methods on the gut microbiota mainly focus on 16S rRNA sequencing, providing limited evidence of specific changes in functional bacterial groups in the intestine. Butyrate is a class of short‐chain fatty acids among the microbial metabolites in the gut and is most closely associated with immunomodulatory activity. Thus, in this study, we extracted and purified a polysaccharide from astragalus composed of a main chain of →4)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1 → and →4,6)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→, with side chains of →6)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→ and aggregated arabinose, and investigated the changes in butyrate‐producing bacterial groups in mice during the immunomodulation process of astragalus polysaccharide, using two butyrate‐producing bacterial‐specific primers. The results showed that oral administration of astragalus polysaccharide significantly increased butyrate production in the mouse intestine, restoring the disrupted butyrate‐producing bacterial abundance and diversity caused by immunosuppression. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence of the targeted modulation of the butyrate‐producing gut microbiota by astragalus polysaccharide, offering insights into its pharmacological activity.
Sustainable medical tourism in the global competitive environment: The case of Cyprus
Authors: Ntais Christos , Stavrou Polidefkis , Fanourgiakis John , Talias Michael A. , Kontodimopoulos Nikolaos
Published: August 2024

Background

The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of Cypriot medical tourism experts regarding the phenomenon of medical tourism, as well as to emphasise the benefits and opportunities for Cyprus to become a highly competitive global healthcare destination.

Methods

A Delphi study was conducted in Cyprus, with the participation of 20 experts in the field of medical tourism. At first, 20 experts took part in semi‐structured interviews. Based on their feedback provided during that phase, a structured questionnaire was drawn up and completed, addressing a wide variety of medical tourism‐related issues, such as benefits and losses from the development of medical tourism in Cyprus, advantages and disadvantages of Cyprus in attracting international patients, the key elements of a medium‐ to long‐term strategic plan for the development of medical tourism in Cyprus, the role of the public and private sector and the importance of international accreditation of private and public hospitals.

Results

Cyprus appears to have some very favourable qualities when it comes to its listing as a competitive destination for medical travellers. Undeniably, the growth of medical tourism improves all sectors of the economy and society, but the healthcare industry is the one that benefits most. On the opposite end, medical tourism could potentially impact the access of local people to healthcare services. No clear answers were given by the expert respondents on the need for international accreditation of healthcare providers in Cyprus.

Conclusion

The competent authorities should promote Cyprus to international markets as a medical tourism destination of choice, upgrading the quality of healthcare services it provides having due regard in parallel to any potential impacts to the access of local population to the healthcare system.
Correlations of mixed convection in a double lid‐driven shallow rectangular cavity: The case of non‐Newtonian power‐law fluids
Authors: Louaraychi A. , Lamsaadi M.
Published: August 2024

This work provides an analytical and numerical assessment, complete with correlations, of mixed convection in a double lid‐driven shallow rectangular enclosure, which confines non‐Newtonian fluids of the Ostwald–de Waele type and which a uniform thermal flux heats. The finite volume method with the SIMPLER algorithm is the numerical method used to solve the governing partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions, where the parallel flow concept is the analytical approach. In the limits of the explored values of the governing parameters of this study, which are the Rayleigh number, the Peclet number, and the behavior index, the results obtained by these approaches appear to be in good harmony. On the basis of the results obtained by these approaches, we established helpful correlating relations between the governing parameters to realize the contribution of mixed convection to heat transfer. This leads to the finding that the ratio Ra/Pe2+n is the mixed convection parameter, which is the key to distinguishing the three convective flow modes. On the basis of this parameter, which allows the transition from one regime to another, it is possible to identify the zones that designate the predominance of natural, forced, and mixed convection. The limits of these latter depend on the behavior index, n, which is diversified from 0.6 to 1.4 to account for shear thinning (0 < n < 1, low apparent viscosity, high fluid flow, and high heat transfer rate), Newtonian (n = 1), and shear thickening (n > 1, high apparent viscosity, slow fluid flow, and low heat transfer rate) fluids. On the other hand, the study presents and interprets the influences of the steering factors on heat transfer and fluid flow.
Personalized approach to malignant struma ovarii: Insights from a web‐based machine learning tool
Authors: Alshwayyat Sakhr , Abo‐elnour Dina Essam , Dabash Tala Yaser , Alshwayyat Tala Abdulsalam , Alabbasi Marah , Alshwayyat Mustafa , Irsheidat Kinda Akram
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) is a rare ovarian tumor characterized by mature thyroid tissue. The diverse symptoms and uncommon nature of MSO can create difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to analyze data and use machine learning methods to understand the prognostic factors and potential management strategies for MSO.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database provided the data used for this study's analysis. To identify the prognostic variables, we conducted Cox regression analysis and constructed prognostic models using five machine learning algorithms to predict the 5‐year survival. A validation method incorporating the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to validate the accuracy and reliability of the machine learning models. We also investigated the role of multiple therapeutic options using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results

The study population comprised 329 patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that older age, unmarried status, chemotherapy, and the total number of tumors in patients were poor prognostic factors. Machine learning models revealed that the multilayer perceptron accurately predicted outcomes, followed by the random forest classifier, gradient boosting classifier, K‐nearest neighbors, and logistic regression models. The factors that contributed the most were age, marital status, and the total number of tumors in the patients.

Conclusion

The present study offers a comprehensive approach for the treatment and prognosis assessment of patients with MSO. The machine learning models we have developed serve as a practical, personalized tool to aid in clinical decision‐making processes.
A case of double‐negative prostate cancer with BRCA2 mutation and high tumor mutation burden treated sequentially with olaparib and pembrolizumab
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Yoshida Soichiro , Aoyama Satoru , Ikeda Sadakatsu , Kunieda Junko , Ohashi Kenichi , Fukuda Shohei , Waseda Yuma , Tanaka Hajime , Fujii Yasuhisa
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Double‐negative prostate cancer, an androgen receptor–independent prostate cancer without features of neuroendocrine tumors, is refractory to treatment but could be an ideal candidate for individualized treatment.

Case presentation

An 85‐year‐old patient with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer without prostate‐specific antigen progression presented with local recurrence and liver and lung metastases 6 months after orchiectomy and apalutamide. A liver tumor biopsy led to a diagnosis of double‐negative prostate cancer. FoundationOne® CDx showed BRCA2 mutation and high tumor mutation burden. Olaparib and pembrolizumab were administered sequentially, and the patient responded to each treatment for 5 months until radiographic progression.

Conclusion

Sequential use of olaparib and pembrolizumab may be effective for double‐negative prostate cancer with BRCA2 mutations and high tumor mutation burden.
Multi‐color two‐laser super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy for the visualization of multi‐organelle in living cells
Authors: Hu Xuejuan , Tan Yadan , Huang Yujie , Ye Jianze , Liang Yifei , Yang Xiaokun , Wang Hengliang , Cheng Zihao , Wang Lihu , Liu Shiqian , Li Minfei , He Zhengdi , Gao Qianding , Zhong Jingli
Published: August 2024

In this study, we introduced a novel dual‐laser multi‐color imaging system. Integrated with a multi‐channel filter wheel, this system compared three spectral decontamination algorithms (nonnegative matrix factorization [NMF], RCAN, and PICASSO) showcasing its efficacy in achieving four‐color imaging with only two laser sources. Combined with a reliable image reconstruction algorithm, the spatial resolution of four channels super‐resolution four‐color images reached 130, 125, 133, and 132 nm, respectively. Lipid droplets, mitochondria, lysosomes, and nuclei from the mouse hepatocytes (AML12), human neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y), mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT‐22), and immortalized murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages were imaged. At the same time, the chromatin condensation, nuclear contraction, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic body formation, as well as the fusion of Mito and Lyso involved in mitochondrial autophagy were observed in HT‐22 and SH‐SY5Y cells suffering oxidative stress. Our multi‐color SIM imaging system establishes a powerful platform for dynamic organelle studies and other high‐resolution investigations in live cells.
Work is the best medicine: A qualitative analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder and supported employment
Authors: Lu Weili , Bates Francine , Waynor William , Bazan Carolyn , Yanos Philip T. , Gao Carol , Librera LueAnn , Giacobbe Giovanna , Schultz Emily , Rogers Krista
Published: August 2024

Co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) negatively impacts employment outcomes for individuals with serious mental health conditions (SMHCs). This study examined how employment might help individuals manage PTSD. Sixty‐eight employed individuals with SMHCs and co‐occurring PTSD responded to two open‐ended questions focused on how work impacted the management of PTSD symptoms and their perceived need for support from a job coach. Findings revealed themes about benefits of work on PTSD symptom management and types of provider support desired. Study implications are discussed.
Celiac artery stenosis and its impact on postoperative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy: An institutional analysis
Authors: Pasha Shamsher A. , Khalid Abdullah , Arena Julia , Alizadeh Ahmadreza , Levine Jeffrey , Demyan Lyudmyla , Deutsch Gary , Weiss Matthew J. , Newman Elliot , Melis Marcovalerio
Published: August 2024

Background

The detection of a stenotic celiac artery (CA) typically mandates intraoperative revascularization during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) to preserve liver perfusion. The impact of CA stenosis on postoperative outcomes is unclear. This study evaluates whether CA stenosis (CAS) is associated with increased postoperative complications.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of PD patients from February 2014 to February 2022. Preoperative imaging assessed the CA lumen, categorizing it as patent, <50%, or ≥50% stenosis. Patients with narrowed SMA were excluded. Complications were categorized using the Clavien‐Dindo system, and statistical analyses identified outcome differences.

Results

We included 427 patients in the study. Of these, 52 had CAS, and 311 had no‐vessel stenosis (NVS). The median age of the CAS and NVS groups was 68 and 65 years, respectively. Postoperatively, 17.6% of patients with CAS exhibited delayed gastric emptying (DGE) versus 25.3% in the NVS group. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) was found in 13.5% of patients with CAS, compared with 23.7% without stenosis. The median length of hospital stay was shorter for patients with CAS (9 days) than for those with CAS (12 days). Severity‐based classifications indicated higher complications in the no stenosis group and a 33.0% readmission rate within 30 days compared with 21.2% in CAS patients. However, none of these differences were statistically significant.

Conclusions

Critical stenosis of the CA does not significantly affect postoperative outcomes following PD, suggesting preoperative correction of the narrowed CA may not be necessary. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Incidental negative emotions and tourist destination preferences: A choice model during lockdown
Authors: Zhou Lingxu , Qiu Richard T. R. , Wang Sha , Liu Anyu , Wang Lin
Published: August 2024

Incidental and discrete emotions can influence tourist decision‐making and their preferences for destinations with different types of attractions and activities. In this explorative study, we apply a choice model and the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion to examine the influence of those negative emotions that emerged during Australia's lockdown on tourists' anticipated destination preferences. We find that negative emotions were influenced by both pre‐lockdown emotions and lockdown conditions. Negative emotions exert a significant impact on tourists' selection of destinations and influence their attitudes toward social distancing measures. Travel motivations and gender also affect tourist preferences. Finally, we address the theoretical implications of this study regarding the impact of incidental emotions on travel preferences and make practical suggestions to practitioners on providing targeted products and adjusting management and marketing strategies.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ureteric Jet Angle Measurement Using Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Children With Vesico‐Ureteric Reflux
Authors: Gemmell Cameron , Edwards Christopher , Reddan Tristan
Published: August 2024

This systematic review evaluated accuracy of ureteric jet angles on color Doppler sonography in diagnosing vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) in children, using voiding cystourethrogram as the reference standard. Six databases were searched, yielding 13 eligible studies of an initial 429, 7 with comparable data. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2) tool. Most studies demonstrated a correlation between increasing jet angle and VUR severity, but reporting and techniques varied, preventing meta‐analysis. Ureteric jet angle sonography may have potential as a VUR triaging tool. Further investigations with rigorous methodology are required. Funding support was obtained from Queensland University of Technology. PROSPERO Registration CRD42020159799.
Health‐related quality of life for children with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency: Ensuring content validity of the new KIDS‐KNEES‐ACL questionnaire
Authors: Hansen Christian Fugl , Brodersen John Brandt , Krogsgaard Michael Rindom
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The existing knee‐specific pediatric patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) lack content and construct validity for children with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This impairs their accuracy which can lead to false interpretations of data and inaccurate clinical guidelines. The purpose of this study was to develop a content‐valid PROM for children with an ACL injury.

Methods

The process adhered to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines for PROM development. Informants were children with ACL deficiency and sampled based on age, sex, and treatment. Semistructured interviews were conducted exploring themes within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. Interviews continued beyond data saturation. By thematic analysis and by probing items from the adult PROM ‘KNEES‐ACL’, new themes and items emerged. Content coverage, relevance and understandability were continuously evaluated. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The NVivo 12 software was used for data analysis and coding of items.

Results

A PROM of 60 items across nine subscales was formed. From cognitive interviews, 19 new items emerged. Forty‐one of 55 items from KNEES‐ACL were endorsed as relevant; however, all required rewording to ensure understandability. Substantial differences in the psychosocial impact between adults and children were observed. The children experienced a more considerable negative psychosocial impact caused by a loss of participation in sports, lower self‐confidence and loss of social networks. This resulted in four new domains. The physical issues were similar to adults, with few exceptions.

Conclusion

The ‘KIDS‐KNEES‐ACL’ 1.0 (qualitative version) was developed. This version will be subjected to psychometric analysis, resulting in adequate measurement properties of the final KIDS‐KNEES‐ACL 2.0. As the only adequate pediatric ACL‐specific PROM, its use in clinical trials and databases will enhance PROM data quality, and strengthen clinical guidelines and thus the treatment of children with ACL injury.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable
Hydrogels with Antioxidant Microparticles Systems Based on Hyaluronic Acid for Regenerative Wound Healing
Authors: Nacu Isabella , Ghilan Alina , Rusu Alina G. , Bercea Maria , Nita Loredana E. , Vereştiuc Liliana , Chiriac Aurica P.
Published: August 2024

This research focuses on the synthesis of hydrogels exhibiting enhanced antioxidant properties derived from hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(ethylene brassylate‐co‐squaric acid) (PEBSA), a copolymacrolactone that have the ability to be used in drug delivery applications. Quercetin (Q), a bioflavonoid with strong antioxidant properties, is employed as a bioactive compound. The biomolecule is encapsulated in the polymeric network using different entrapment techniques, including the initial formation of a complex between PEBSA and Q, which is demonstrated through the dynamic light scattering technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and rheological studies confirm the formation of the hydrogels, revealing the occurrence of physical interactions between the synthetic polymer and the polysaccharide. Moreover, the hydrogels demonstrate biocompatible properties after direct contact with the HDFa cell line and antioxidant properties, as revealed by DPPH tests.
Green Electrospinning of Highly Concentrated Polyurethane Suspensions in Water: From the Rheology to the Fiber Morphology
Authors: Gross Bryan , Schlatter Guy , Hébraud Pascal , Mouillard Flavien , Chehma Lotfi , Hébraud Anne , Lobry Emeline
Published: August 2024

Suspension electrospinning allows the environmental‐friendly fabrication of nano‐micro‐fibrous membranes since it is based on the processing of an aqueous particle suspension in which a hydrosoluble template polymer is added to insure the formation of a continuous fiber. Here, the case of polyurethane (PU) aqueous suspensions formulated with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the template polymer is studied. The effect of several parameters (particle size, PU/PEO ratio, PEO molar mass, and PEO concentration in the continuous phase) on particle‐particle and particle‐template polymer interactions that influence the rheological properties of the formulation and finally the electrospinning and the fiber morphology, is studied. The goal is to process a formulation with the highest particle content as possible. Thanks to a deep rheological investigation and the study of interactions and suspension morphology by zeta potential and diffusing wave spectroscopy, it is shown that regular fibers are efficiently produced when small particles are electrospun under favorable particle‐template polymer interactions and without screening the electrostatic repulsion between particles. Finally, a fibrous membrane is obtained from a formulation with a PU/PEO weight ratio equal to 50 under very stable and efficient production conditions.
A Minimalist Method for Fully Oxygen‐Tolerant RAFT Polymerization through Sulfur‐Centered Trithiocarbonate Radical Initiation
Authors: Wang Fei , Guo Yang , Huang Fubang , Han Shuang , Zhang Weidong
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the fully oxygen‐tolerant reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has become a highly researched area. In this contribution, a new and minimalist method is successfully employed to accomplish fully oxygen‐tolerant reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using bis(trithiocarbonate) disulfides (BisTTC) as an iniferter agent, where the released sulfur‐centered trithiocarbonate (TTC) radical can initiate monomer. Furthermore, polymerization kinetics revealed the typical “living” features of this polymerization system. More importantly, by high‐throughput screening, it is found that dodecyl‐substituted TTC is responsible for the fully oxygen‐tolerant RAFT polymerization though trithiocarbonate radical initiation and R radical deoxygenation. It is believed that trithiocarbonate radical initiation strategy provides a powerful and minimalist tool for fully oxygen‐tolerant RDRPs.
Academic publication uncertainty and research behavior
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Faria João Ricardo
Published: August 2024

There are many uncertainties in the production/dissemination of academic research. This paper incorporates publication uncertainty in a game model between researchers and journal editors, and examines its effects on the quantity and quality of research and on citations. Authors seek to maximize satisfaction from their publishing efforts, while journal editors try to enhance reputations of their journals. Publication probability depends on the number of academic journals. Results show that the impacts of a change in the number of journals (capturing publication uncertanty) on citations and quality are symmetric. Citations and research quality can go up, while total publications (research quantity) can increase, decrease, or stay unchanged.
Asymptotic stability of the nonlocal diffusion equation with nonlocal delay
Authors: Tang Yiming , Wu Xin , Yuan Rong , Ma Zhaohai
Published: August 2024

This work focuses on the asymptotic stability of nonlocal diffusion equations in
‐dimensional space with nonlocal time‐delayed response term. To begin with, we prove
and
‐decay estimates for the fundamental solution of the linear time‐delayed equation by Fourier transform. For the considered nonlocal diffusion equation, we show that if
, then the solution
converges globally to the trivial equilibrium time‐exponentially. If
, then the solution
converges globally to the trivial equilibrium time‐algebraically. Furthermore, it can be proved that when
, the solution
converges globally to the positive equilibrium time‐exponentially, and when
, the solution
converges globally to the positive equilibrium time‐algebraically. Here,
, and
are the coefficients of each term contained in the linear part of the nonlinear term
. All convergence rates above are
and
‐decay estimates. The comparison principle and low‐frequency and high‐frequency analyses are significantly effective in proofs. Finally, our theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations in different situations.
Deciphering adiabatic rotating frame relaxometry in biological tissues
Authors: Pang Yuxi
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This work aims to unravel the intricacies of adiabatic rotating frame relaxometry in biological tissues.

Theory and Methods

The classical formalisms of dipolar relaxation and were systematically analyzed for water molecules reorienting on “fast” and “slow” timescales. These two timescales are, respectively, responsible for the absence and presence of dispersion. A time‐averaged or over an adiabatic pulse duration was recast into a sum of and , but with different weightings. These weightings depend on the specific modulations of adiabatic pulse waveforms. In this context, stretched hyperbolic secant () pulses were characterized. Previously published , continuous‐wave (CW) , and measures from 12 agarose phantoms were used to validate the theoretical predictions. A similar validation was also performed on previously published (=1, 4, 8) and from bovine cartilage specimens.

Results

Longitudinal relaxation weighting decreases for pulses as increases. Predicted CW values from agarose phantoms align well with the measured CW values, as indicated by a linear regression function: . The predicted adiabatic and from cartilage specimens are consistent with those previously measured, as quantified by: .

Conclusion

This work has theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that adiabatic and can be recast into a sum of and , with varying weightings. Therefore, any suggestions that adiabatic rotating frame relaxometry in biological tissues could provide more information than the standard and warrant closer scrutiny.
Robust dynamic output feedback predictive fault‐tolerant control for discrete uncertain systems
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Li Hui , Li Hua , Shi Huiyuan , Sun Qiubai , Li Ping
Published: August 2024

A robust predictive fault‐tolerance control method integrating dynamic output feedback is proposed for discrete industrial processes with unmeasurable states, actuator faults, uncertainties, and external disturbances. First, a new iterative error model is developed, which extends the output tracking error to increase the freedom of controller regulation and ensure the tracking performance of the system. Second, a robust dynamic output feedback predictive fault‐tolerant controller is designed based on the preceding model. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, the robust stability criterion of the system is performed in the case of actuator faults, and the stability conditions of the system in the form of linear matrix inequality are given. The real‐time optimal control law gains are obtained by solving the stability conditions online. This method can effectively suppress the effects of actuator faults, uncertainties and external disturbances on the system with unmeasurable states, which can guarantee the tracking performance and stability of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally verified by using an injection molding process as an example.
Association Between Modified Frailty Index and Postoperative Outcomes of Cricopharyngeal Myotomy
Authors: Haleem Afash , Herz David , Kumar Keshav D. , Chinta Sree R. , Sibala Dhiraj R. , Hegazin Michael , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: August 2024

Objective

The modified 5‐item frailty index (mFI‐5) is a comorbidity‐based risk stratification tool previously validated in patients undergoing several surgical procedures. This study investigates the association between mFI‐5 score and cricopharyngeal myotomy (CM) complications.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Setting

US hospitals.

Methods

The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent CM between 2005 and 2018. mFI‐5 score was determined by assigning 1 point for comorbidities including: diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dependent health status. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine associations between mFI‐5 score and postoperative complications.

Results

A total of 1075 patients undergoing CMs were queried and stratified into the following groups: mFI = 0 (n = 412 [38.3%]), mFI = 1 (n = 452 [42.0%]), and mFI ≥ 2 (n = 211 [19.6%]). Univariate analysis showed association between higher mFI‐5 scores with older age, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification class, obesity, smoking, dyspnea, and systemic sepsis. Higher mFI‐5 was associated with a greater proportion of cumulative surgical complications, cumulative medical complications, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, cumulative morbidity, readmissions, unplanned readmissions, and reoperations. Multivariable analyses found associations between greater mFI‐5 score and cumulative morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.95, confidence interval [CI]: 1.29‐2.96, P = .002), any surgical complication (OR = 1.80, CI: 1.15‐2.79, P = .010), readmission (OR = 1.81, CI: 1.01‐3.26, P = .047), and reoperations (OR = 1.96, CI: 1.04‐3.68, P = .037).

Conclusion

Evaluating mFI‐5 can help assess the risk of postoperative complications for patients undergoing CM.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro Inhibition: Evaluating in Silico Repurposed Fidaxomicin's Antiviral Activity Through In Vitro Assessment
Authors: Protić Sara , Crnoglavac Popović Milica , Kaličanin Nevena , Prodanović Olivera , Senćanski Milan , Milićević Jelena , Stevanović Kristina , Perović Vladimir , Paessler Slobodan , Prodanović Radivoje , Glišić Sanja
Published: August 2024

The emergence of drug‐resistant viruses and novel strains necessitates the rapid development of novel antiviral therapies. This need was particularly demanding during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While de novo drug development is a time‐consuming process, repurposing existing approved medications offers a more expedient approach. In our prior in silico screening of the DrugBank database, fidaxomicin emerged as a potential SARS‐CoV‐2 papain‐like protease inhibitor. This study extends those findings by investigating fidaxomicin‘s antiviral properties in vitro. Our results support further exploration of fidaxomicin as a therapeutic candidate against SARS‐CoV‐2, given its promising in vitro antiviral activity and favorable safety profile.
Enhancing PBAT nanocomposite films: The impact of AgVO3 nanorods on mechanical, hydrophobicity, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Venkatesan Raja , Alagumalai Krishnapandi , Jebapriya M. , Dhilipkumar Thulasidhas , Almutairi Tahani Mazyad , Kim Seong‐Cheol
Published: August 2024

Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is popular because of its low cost, biodegradability, good processing properties, flexibility, and mechanical features. In this study, we explore the potential of PBAT‐based bioplastics by adding AgVO3 nanorods with PBAT to reduce costs. We produced nanocomposite films of PBAT reinforced with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of AgVO3 nanorods using solvent casting. The inclusion of AgVO3 in the structure of PBAT was investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The nanocomposite films demonstrate excellent properties, surpassing those of single‐component blends, enhancing mechanical properties, and improving the barrier properties of nanocomposite films. The water vapor transmission rate of AgVO3 reinforced (5 wt%) nanocomposite films improved by 42.45% compared to pure PBAT films. The tensile strength of the PBA‐3 film was 37.19 MPa, exhibiting higher strength than the films produced from clean PBAT (19.73 MPa). The AgVO3‐reinforced films demonstrated increased resistance to moisture and water, as indicated by their higher water contact angle values (88.04°). Food‐borne bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have been stable to the antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites on the addition of AgVO3.The potential applications of these nanocomposite films in food packaging are promising, offering a sustainable and effective solution to food preservation.

Highlights

The AgVO3‐filled poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposite films exhibit superior mechanical, barrier, and resistance to moisture and water compared to neat PBAT films.

The water vapor transmission rate of the film is significantly enhanced, with a 42.45% enhancement in films reinforced with 5 wt% AgVO3.

AgVO3‐filled PBAT nanocomposites demonstrate effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
One‐way valves in breathing tubing reduce dead space during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized piglets
Authors: Li Pan , Wang Weiping , Gao Wen , Tan Yanling , Hu Yu , Jiang Li
Published: August 2024

The circle breathing system was unsafe for spontaneous breathing because of hypercapnia during anesthesia. Few studies have examined the minimizing dead space in breathing tubing. This study investigated one‐way valves in the breathing tubing during spontaneous breathing in piglets. Six female piglets aged 68–71 days spontaneously breathed sevoflurane for 4 h randomly via traditional or anti‐rebreathing tubing. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and respiratory characteristics were used to assess spontaneous breathing efficiency. mRNA‐based methods, immunohistochemistry, and histology were used to assess the lungs. After induction, all piglets had mild hypercapnia. Those who breathed via traditional tubing experienced severe hypercapnia and required assisted ventilation (mean [95% confidence interval for mean]: 3 [0.5; 5.5] times) over 4 h. Piglets who breathed via anti‐rebreathing tubing were able to normalize without assisted ventilation in less than 3 h and maintained. PaCO2 was higher in the traditional group than the anti‐rebreathing group at 3 and 4 hours (46.3 [42.1; 50.5] vs. 38.3 [34.1; 42.5] mmHg, p = 0.020; 46.3 [42.6; 50.0] vs. 40.7 [37.0; 44.4] mmHg, p = 0.040). However, one‐way valves increased resistance to breathing. For the lungs, mRNA‐based methods indicated higher expressions of cyclin‐dependent kinase, cell division cycle 20, and cyclin B2 in the traditional group; immunohistochemistry identified higher expression of phosphorylated histone 2AX in the traditional group; histology showed similar damage between the groups. These findings suggest that one‐way valves inside breathing tubing reduced dead space during spontaneous breathing and enhanced inhalation anesthesia advantages in the circle breathing system.
Effect of silymarin on lipid profile and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ferdowsi Samira , Shidfar Farzad , Heidari Iraj , Kashi Maryam , Sohouli Mohammad Hassan , Sarrafi Zadeh Sara
Published: August 2024

This randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of silymarin supplementation on glycemic indices and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this open‐label randomized clinical trial study, 48 patients with T2DM were eligible to participate for 12 weeks and were divided into two groups randomly: 24 subjects in the intervention (received three 140 mg silymarin capsules daily and diet plan) and 24 in control (received a diet plan). Fasting blood samples and anthropometric data were collected, and glycemic indices and lipid profiles were determined at baseline and at the end of the study. Out of 60 patients included in the clinical trial, 48 people completed the study. In comparing silymarin and control groups before and after the study, a significant reduction was observed in weight and body mass index. However, after adjustment, no significant difference was seen between the two groups. Furthermore, daily consumption of three capsules of 140 mg silymarin for 12 weeks did not show any significant difference on the level of fasting blood sugar (p = 0.789), HbA1c (p = 0.719), and lipid profile. The findings of the present study show that silymarin did not lead to changes in the level of glycemic index and lipid profile in patients with T2DM.
A novel treatment strategy targeting cellular pathways with natural products to alleviate sarcopenia
Authors: Lee Da Hee , Lee Hye Jin , Yang Gabsik , Kim Dae Yong , Kim Jong Uk , Yook Tae Han , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Hong Jun
Published: August 2024

Sarcopenia is a condition marked by a significant reduction in muscle mass and strength, primarily due to the aging process, which critically impacts muscle protein dynamics, metabolic functions, and overall physical functionality. This condition leads to increased body fat and reduced daily activity, contributing to severe health issues and a lower quality of life among the elderly. Recognized in the ICD‐10‐CM only in 2016, sarcopenia lacks definitive treatment options despite its growing prevalence and substantial social and economic implications. Given the aging global population, addressing sarcopenia has become increasingly relevant and necessary. The primary causes include aging, cachexia, diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies, leading to imbalances in protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes. Exercise remains the most effective intervention, but it is often impractical for individuals with limited mobility, and pharmacological options such as anabolic steroids and myostatin inhibitors are not FDA‐approved and are still under investigation. This review is crucial as it examines the potential of natural products as a novel treatment strategy for sarcopenia, targeting multiple mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. By exploring natural products' multi‐targeted effects, this study aims to provide innovative and practical solutions for sarcopenia management. Therefore, this review indicates significant improvements in muscle mass and function with the use of specific natural compounds, suggesting promising alternatives for those unable to engage in regular physical activity.
Shear behavior of stud and SFCBs‐reinforced PBL composite connectors in steel‐concrete structures
Authors: Wu Fangwen , Zhao Bitong , Liu Zhuo , Li Zirun , He Lanqing , Fan Zhou
Published: August 2024

In order to fully utilize the advantages of stud and perfobond leiste (PBL) connectors, a new composite shear connector was proposed in which the studs were welded to the H‐beam of the PBL shear connectors. In addition, to further improve the durability performance of the structure, steel‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composite bars (SFCBs) were used to replace steel rebars as penetrating rebars. In this study, the shear behaviors of SFCBs‐reinforced composite shear connectors were investigated by push‐out tests. The effects of the number of studs, the number of holes, and the type of penetrating rebars on the failure mode, load–slip curve, and shear behavior of the composite shear connectors were analyzed. The specimens' failure modes were mainly shearing the studs and crushing the concrete. Increasing the number of studs and holes has resulted in an increase of at least 7.47% in the shear resistance and 12.36% in the stiffness. SFCB had little effect on the shear resistance and reduced the stiffness but could improve ductility, with a maximum improvement of 11.49%. Additionally, a finite element model was established for parametric analysis. The results showed that the diameter of the SFCB and hole had a significant impact on the shear resistance. An equation for calculating the shear resistance based on the contributions of various components has been established that was applicable to composite shear connectors and has good accuracy and applicability.