bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the problems of using evidence, collected during criminal intelligence and surveillance operations, in criminal proceedings
Authors: Iakovlev-Chernyshev Vasilii Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2022

The research subject is the problems of using evidence, collected during criminal intelligence and surveillance operations, in criminal procedure in Russia, considered in the context of provision of human and civil rights and freedoms and the observance of the principle of legal certainty. The purpose of the research is to define the key problems of using evidence, collected during criminal intelligence and surveillance operations, in criminal proceedings, and the development of the ways to solve them. The research methodology is based on the system and comprehensive approaches and includes the set of general scientific and specific research methods, particularly analysis, synthesis, formal-legal, comparative legal methods, etc. To achieve the research goal, the author analyzes the practice of Supreme Courts of Russia, the European Court of Human Rights, the doctrinal views of Russian processualists, and defines the key problems of using evidence collected during criminal intelligence and surveillance operations, in criminal proceedings, and formulates the ways to solve them. The author finds out that the judicial practice and doctrine mainly consider certain aspects of the problem under study, with no system approach to its understanding; the author proves that the main problem lies in the field of provision of human and civil rights and freedoms, and the observance of the principle of legal certainty; the author formulates recommendations about amending the legislation based on the constitutional principles and international standards, and the following legalization of evidence collected during criminal intelligence and surveillance operations. The conclusions of the research can be used in the work of law-enforcement bodies and for further research in the field of criminal procedure.
Struktur Populasi dan Natural Increase Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Terbanggi Besar Kabupaten Lampung Tengah
Authors: Oktafiana A , Sukaryana Y , Kaffi S S
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the population structure, natural increase and profile of beef cattle farms in Terbanggi Besar District, Central Lampung Regency. This research was conducted in the field through survey methods (simple random sampling and snowball sampling) in four villages in Terbanggi Besar District, Central Lampung Regency with descriptive analysis. The number of samples is 742 beef cattle from 95 cattle breeders, the respondents were selected to be interviewed by means of a questionnaire. The variables observed included population structure, birth rates, purchases and immigration, mortality rates, slaughter and sales rates, natural increases in cattle and the profile of beef cattle breeders. The results showed that the structure of the cattle population in Terbanggi Besar District, Central Lampung Regency, was based on the sex of 40.22% male and 59.78% female. The structure of the cattle population based on age is 64.51% adult cows, 22.67% young cows and 12.82% calves. The natural increase was 4.59% in population and 11.57% for adult females. The profile of beef cattle farms in Terbanggi Besar District is the 96.84% marriage system with Artificial Insemination, 90.53% intensive maintenance system, 90.53% feeding system and 87% health handling system with the help of animal health officers.
Hamstring Strain Injury in Athletes
Authors: Martin Robroy L. , Cibulka Michael T. , Bolgla Lori A. , Koc Thomas A. , Loudon Janice K. , Manske Robert C. , Weiss Leigh , Christoforetti John J. , Heiderscheit Bryan C.
Published: February 2022

Hamstring strain injury (HSI) may result in considerable impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction, including time lost from competitive sports. This CPG includes sports-related overloading and overstretching injuries to myofascial or musculotendinous structures in any combination of the 3 hamstring muscles (the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(3):CPG1–CPG44. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.0301
WORLD PRACTICE OF STATE SUPPORT FOR THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS ADAPTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   State Organization “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Mishchenko Volodymyr
Published: February 2022

The article summarizes, systematizes and analyzes the global practice of state support and stimulation of the introduction and use of digital technologies by enterprises, households and individuals using the example of OECD countries and other countries of the world in 2015-2020. The main forms, methods and instruments of state stimulation of the digitalization of the economy based on the implementation of a system of financial, non-financial, legal and administrative measures are determined, specific areas and instruments of state support and stimulation of the introduction of digital technologies in individual countries of the world are characterized. It is substantiated that the main forms of support and stimulation of the use of digital technologies by domestic enterprises should be indirect financial support, non-financial support and improvement of legal and administrative mechanisms regulated by the activities of all subjects of digital relations. Priority should be given to increasing public funding for research; providing businesses with incentives to attract investment; improvement of professional training and advanced training of personnel of enterprises; advising businesses on the use of digital technologies and the implementation of digital business models; ensuring data protection and cybersecurity; creating and organizing the activities of regulatory "sandboxes", as well as determining the regulatory values of indicators of digital support. It was determined that the main tools for stimulating the use of digital technologies by households and individuals in Ukraine should be: the introduction of educational programs for the development of digital technologies; development of the system of state e-services; increasing digital literacy, skills and competencies in order to reduce the “digital divide”; organization of educational events to inform citizens about the protection of personal data, as well as the development of regulatory documents that help increase public confidence in digital technologies and ensure a high level of digital security.
MANAGING THE DEMAND FOR PHARMACEUTICAL STAFF IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Bonetskyy Orest , Novikevych Olha ,   Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies, Hrytsyna Myroslava ,   Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies
Published: February 2022

The pharmaceutical industry in Ukraine is dynamically developing in Ukraine, however not everything is painless. One of the main problems of this industry is staff shortage. The situation is typical for similar sectors of the economy, which are in the process of active development. The article analyzes the labor market in pharmacy from 2017 until now, reveals a systemic shortage of personnel and offers a number of measures to manage the demand for workforce. Thus, it was found that in the pre-Covid period, the number of vacancies for provisors and pharmacists increased (according to the new classification, these are pharmacists and pharmacist assistants), but in 2020, with the outbreak of the pandemic, everything changed. Nowadays, the pharmaceutical market is experiencing a lack of provisors (i.e. pharmacists according to the new classification) and an abundance of pharmacist assistants. The growth rate of demand for pharmacists (provisors) is consistently higher than their supply in the labor market. In 2021, the Ministry of Economy introduced changes to the classifier of professions, which led to some confusion in the terms, therefore they have to be clarified each time. This applies primarily to analysis in dynamics, because the data is signed according to the requirements that were relevant at that time, the requirements are different, and this worsens the understanding of information deployed in time. In order to manage the demand for staff in pharmacy, the authors have identified two blocks of measures. The first concerns employers and consists in increasing the social package for employees. The paper proves that this is both a material and moral stimulus (through the pyramid of Maslow's needs). The wage data used for the analysis, taken from different sources, differ significantly. Thus, the data of the State Employment Center on the wages of pharmacy workers are much lower than the data from other sources, so employers possess the resources to increase the social package. The second block of measures concerns the training of specialists in higher education institutions. We are talking about increasing the number of higher education institutions that train personnel for pharmacy and reducing the amount of bureaucracy in the educational process. In the future, the problem of personnel shortage will not be easily solved and still be relevant for a long time.
NEW COMPETITIVE MOVES OF “SANDORA”: POTENTIALLY SUCCESSFUL INVESTMENT BUSINESS SOLUTIONS SUBSTANTIATION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kulinich Tetiana , Kozachuk Diana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Moroz Yelyzaveta ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the problem of developing and assessing the expected feasibility of implementing new competitive moves by “Sandora” LLC, a diversified giant that is today the representative of PepsiCo in Ukraine. These moves are presented in the form of innovative investment proposals, and their scale in terms of covering certain areas of business and thoroughness in the choice of ideas, resources, assessment of the reaction of the environment causes the need to consider them as ready-made business solutions. There are many obstacles in the way of solving the problem. Firstly, it is a high level of Sandora's activities diversification, in the economic portfolio of which have been combined today: the previous segments widely known to the domestic consumer (juices and juice-containing drinks), acquired segments (carbonated and non-carbonated waters and drinks), caused by the entry of Sandora into PepsiCo, as well as completely new segments (snacks), associated with PepsiCo’s struggle with its main competitor Coca-Cola, actively engaged in the selection and capture of new areas in the global Food & Beverages market. Secondly, it is PepsiCo's directive leadership style, which limits Sandora's innovative and organizational initiative in terms of developing and implementing new business solutions. In the absence of the above restrictions in the development of creative proposals, the authors of the article developed and justified innovative business proposals in the form of investment projects, than they were combined into a integrated proposal, justified from different positions: the implementation of the market needs of the competitive struggle of both PepsiCo and Sandora (as its representative in Ukraine) with Coca-Cola in a new segment (snacks); awareness of the resource advantages of working in the Ukrainian market, as well as innovative and technological opportunities for the implementation of such project. A integrated project proposal has been developed and justified for the feasibility of implementation, as well as the possibility of obtaining additional competitive advantages for both Sandora and PepsiCo, provided that such business solution is implemented.
FEATURES OF METHODS OF ACCOUNTING FOR INSURANCE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS
Authors:   Academy of Labour, Social Relations and Tourism, Kaminska Tetiana , Shatkovska Liudmyla ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ilchak Olga ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to solving the scientific problem of clarifying and generalizing the methodology for accounting for payments for insurance of agricultural products, determining its features that distinguish it from others. Considerable attention in the article is paid to the study and analysis of recent publications on the subject of the article, both scientific and practical, normative and legislative acts and statistic data on insurance of agricultural products. It has been established that agriculture is a high-risk industry due to the action of natural, economic, financial, production factors; therefore, it requires the distribution of risks using insurance tools. Statistic analysis showed that in recent years, agricultural production has been affected by negative weather conditions, due to which the level of payments under insurance contracts has doubled, which causes an increasing in the cost of insurance services for agricultural enterprises. Under such conditions, state support is needed, which is currently introduced in the form of compensation for part of the insurance premium paid by agricultural producers. A promising direction for the development of the insurance market has become index insurance, which, despite certain shortcomings, makes it possible to clarify the mechanism for determining the insurance compensation and reduce the term for the receiving of insurance compensation. According to the current features of insurance for agricultural products, a methodology for accounting for payments is being formed. In an agricultural enterprise, based on an insurance contract, liabilities to the insurance company are accrued and the costs to related crop or livestock accounting objects are allocated. Government support provided to an agricultural enterprise is treated as earmarked financing with simultaneous recognition of income. Upon occurrence of the insured event, the incurred damage is allocated to the expenses of the period with the simultaneous accrual of obligations for value added tax on objects that have been retired from production. Insurance compensation received from the insurance company is recognized as income. As the disadvantage of the existing method of accounting for payments for the insurance of agricultural products, the authors determine the impossibility of reflecting the obligations of the insurance company arising at the time of the conclusion of the insurance contract, as well as the lack of information in the financial statements on the existence of insurance for production facilities, although such information has materiality forinvestors and creditorsfor making investment decisions. This problem may be the subject of further research.
New hybrid organizations in the social and solidarity economy in France
Authors: Boual Jean-Claude , Zadra-Veil Cathy
Published: February 2022

This chapter investigates different new hybrid organizations like the public-private partnership in the social and solidarity economy. Different innovations are shaking the traditional borders between the economic actors, the public, the private, the profit and non-profit sectors. New form of firms emerges with several shareholders and mixed economic structure. A financial mechanism, the Social Impact Bonds, is also supported by French public authorities. New hybrid forms of innovation like Living Labs are defined as user-centered, open innovation ecosystems based on systematic user co-creation approach, where different partners (public, private…) cocreate a common solution and common value. These different forms share as common aim the general interest and better social results. The issue of governance is central to guarantee the general interest and the Commons, namely having rules and actors governing the commons together with democratic and shared participation. Thanks to a clearly shared and collaborative (Ostrom, 1990) governance, these new hybrid forms also allow for a better stimulation of the economic, social and territorial dimensions within the innovation framework. We define a new cooperative mode of governance, which completes the hybrid arrangements typology of Oliver Williamson (1991). The Living Lab example is in the line of Elinor Ostrom; it allows going beyond the tragedy of the commons. The individual interest hands over to common value. The emerging governance model is based on citizens’ involvement and guarantees success and protection of the commons.
Financial stability as a global public good and relevant systemic regulation as a problem of collective action
Authors: Ülgen Faruk
Published: February 2022

Liberalisation-privatisation policies and public-private partnership developments in numerous economies in the last four decades gave rise to a reorganisation of public services through market mechanisms which mainly rested on market prices’ movements. Most of rules and actions in markets were shaped and assessed according to economic efficiency criteria that relied on the assumption that freemarket mechanisms could achieve a socially optimal situation. This process systematically moved capitalist economies from the post-World-War-II period’s stateinterventionism-based production/distribution schemes (the so-called Fordist era) to market-friendly and less conservative economic policies. Therefore, the social provisioning process (the production, the financing, the use and the assessment) was reformed under market efficiency criteria. In the wake of the 2007-2008 global crisis, this chapter seeks to assess the consistency of such an evolution through an institutionalist analysis on a peculiar area of the economics, the finance and financial relationships. The path of economic development is closely determined by financial markets’ evolution. This makes that public action as well as private strategies are all relying on a given financial framework and on its sustainability as well. This latter is very dependent on the stability of market operations. This chapter then suggests an alternative approach to financial economics by adopting a public service and collective action view of the working of financial markets in a globalised environment. In this aim, it argues that financial stability is a peculiar (global) public good that every member of society needs, but no one can provide at individual level. Financial stability then requires a specific public service organisation that must design and manage the production and maintenance of financial activities (going from the bank credit to enterprises and households to financial intermediation activities, including pure speculative operations) through collective action in order to ensure a socially coherent working of financial markets.
Analisis keterampilan menulis teks negosiasi dengan metode quantum learning
Authors: Alfiaturrohmah Siti Ana Nur , Hasanudin Cahyo , Amin Ahmad Kholiqul
Published: February 2022

Negotiation text is a text that contains a bargain which aims to reach an agreement between two parties who have common interests. This study aims to determine the form of the structure of the negotiating text, namely the form of orientation, request, fulfillment, offer, approval, purchase, closing. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a case study approach with 23 students as subjects. The results showed that the tenth grade students of MA Asy-Syukuriyah wrote the structure of the negotiating text on the orientation, request, fulfillment, offer, approval, purchase, closing sections categorized as very good. The conclusion of this study is that users of the quantum learning method can make students write negotiating texts well.
Perancangan Sistem Robot Cerdas Berbasis Logika Fuzzy
Authors: Asep Najmurrokhman
Published: February 2022

Makalah ini memaparkan tentang klasifikasi robot dan beberapa prototipe yang pernah dirancang oleh penulis. Robot-robot tersebut meliputi manipulator, mobile robot, dan robot heksapoda. Sementara itu, seiring dengan kemajuan dalam bidang kendali cerdas (intelligent control), dibahas pula skema pengendalian gerak robot secara cerdas berbasis logika fuzzy. Penggunaan logika fuzzy dalam implementasi pengendalian gerak robot dipicu oleh kompleksitas yang ada dalam sistem robot, sehingga implementasi pengendali linier seperti PID tidak akan dapat menangani dinamika robot tersebut, di lain pihak, realisasi dengan pengendali non linier akan sangat rumit atau paling tidak memberi beban komputasi pada pengendalinya. Sebagai studi kasus, diuraikan perancangan dan simulasi sistem fuzzy dalam mobile robot. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa pendekatan logika fuzzy dalam implementasi mobile robot dapat mengakomodasi sisi kecerdasan dalam pengambilan keputusan gerak dari mobile robot tersebut berdasarkan basis aturan yang diberikan padanya.
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Nitrocarburizing pada Baja ASSAB XW-42 Terhadap Struktur Mikko dan Sifat Mekanik
Authors: R Henny Mulyani
Published: February 2022

Perlakuan permukaan dalam hal ini proses pack nitrocarburizing merupakan salah satu proses yang sangat sering dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan suatu material dengan kondisi dan sifat tertentu. Selain itu dihasilkannya suatu permukaan dengan kekerasan yang tinggi, sedangkan bagian dalam mempunyai sifat lunak (ulet) serta memiliki ketahanan aus yang baik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, dengan semakin lamanya waktu penahanan, maka kekerasan dan ketebalan lapisan coating yang dihasilkan juga semakin tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan karena pada proses nitrocarburizing dengan menggunakan penahanan yang lebih rendah maka kelarutan difusi Nitrogen (N) dan karbon (C) pada permukaan semakin sedikit.
Prespektif Baru Manajemen Karier
Authors: Jahny Sast
Published: February 2022

Tantangan bagi organisasi untuk menghadapi lingkungan global dan persaingan yang semakin ketat dewasa ini adalah melakukan perubahan. Perubahan menjadi suatu keharusan bagi organisasi agar senantiasi mampu adaptif. Konsolodasi internal dalam manajemen di antaranya adalah penyederhanaan struktur organisasi yang di dalamnya adalah unsur karir. Tulisan ini mencoba menguraikan paradigma baru tentang perubahan organisasi yang berdampak pada cara pandang terhadap karir para karyawannya.
Biogas dari Rumput
Authors: Nadiem Anwar
Published: February 2022

Biogas adalah hasil perombakan bahan organik oleh berbagai jenis mikroorganisme pada kondisi anaerobik. Biogas dapat dihasilkan dari berbagai bahan baku, salah satunya adalah rumput yang sangat mudah tumbuh di lingkungan yang sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pembuatan biogas dari rumput dalam dijester alir kontinyu menyerupai PFR dengan volume cairan 25 L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumput dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biogas. Waktu aklimatisasi untuk pembuatan biogas dari rumput, kurang dari 74 hari dengan waktu tinngal hidrolik 100 hari. Komposisi biogas yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi komposisi minimal gas metana untuk dapat dibakar, yaitu: 40,7% V 54,8% V. Untuk waktu tinggal hidrolik 100 hari dengan umpan 160g rumput per liter umpan, diperoleh 3 L biogas perhari per25 L volume cairan dengan tekanan gas 1 atm.
Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı bağlamında 5. sınıf Türkçe dersi öğretimine ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi*
Authors: AVCI İmran Nazike , TEPELİ Yusuf
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Millî Eğitim Bakanlığınca yenilenen Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı’nın (2018) öğretim sürecine dair öğretmen görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı (2018) öğretim süreci içerisinde; yapısı, öğrenme alanları, kazanımları, getirilen yenilikleri, karşılaşılan problemleri açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden iç içe geçmiş tek durum desenine uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu için akademik anlamda düşük, orta ve yüksek başarı gösteren 20 okul seçilmiştir. Bu okullardan 20 öğretmen araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin bir kısmı görüşmelerle, bir kısmı seçilen okullardaki ders gözlemleriyle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi içerik analizi tekniğiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bazı sonuçlarına bakıldığında programın içeriğinde temaların konuların ve etkinliklerin öğrenci düzeyine uygunluğunda görüş ayrılığı olduğu, ders araç-gereç ve materyallerinin uygun olduğu, yeni metin türlerinin eklenmesinin olumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrenme alanlarının programda anlaşılır bir şekilde yer aldığı, öğrenme alanlarının hepsinin kazanımlarının farklı örneklerle sunulması gerektiği, dinleme/izleme öğrenme alanının ölçülmesinin zor olduğu, programa 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin eklenmesinin olumlu olduğu fakat öğretim süreciyle yeterince ilişkilendirilemediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Karşılaşılan problemlerden bazıları ise programın sosyokültürel farklılıkları karşılamadığı, bireysel ihtiyaçlarla uyumlu olmadığı, programın öğrencilere okuma alışkanlığı ve dil zevki kazandırmadığı, değer aktarımının yetersiz olduğu, gerçek yaşama uygun etkinliklerin azlığı, okulların fiziksel donanım açısından eksikliklerinin bulunduğu şeklinde özetlenebilir.
Kutadgu Bilig’de hatırat unsurları
Authors: ADIYAMAN Ceyda
Published: February 2022

Kutadgu Bilig siyasetname olarak bilinmektedir. Eser üzerinde pek çok açıdan inceleme yapılmıştır. Kutadgu Bilig hakkındaki literatür de çok zengindir. Bu literatür arasında Kutadgu Bilig’i bir anı ve öz yaşam öyküsü olarak ele alan çalışma yoktur. Yalnız “yaşname” olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yazarın kendisi hakkında verdiği bilgiler ve yaptığı değinmeler esere gerçekten de yaşname niteliğini vermektedir. Bunun yanında yazarın çocukluk, gençlik, olgunluk ve yaşlılık dönemlerini sırasıyla ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar, kış gibi mevsimlere benzetmesi ve bu dönemler üzerine yaptığı değerlendirmeler esere aynı zamanda bir hatıra değeri katmaktadır. Bu çalışma Kutadgu Bilig’i hatırat özellikleri açısından değerlendirmeyi ve hatırat türü kapsamında Türkoloji tarihindeki yerini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla hatıraların temel özelliği olan yazar, anlatıcı ve olay kişisinin özdeşliği yazarın ben zamiri ile 1. tekil kişi olarak veya değişik anlatım yollarıyla kendisinden söz edip etmediği ve yazarın eserdeki kahramanlar aracılığıyla temsili yönünden ele alınarak Kutadgu Bilig’in yazarı Yusuf Has Hacib ile kahramanları Ögdülmiş ve Aytoldı arasında aranmıştır. Bu özdeşliği gösteren beyitler hatırat özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiş ve Yusuf Has Hacib’in gerek kendi ağzından konuşurken gerekse vezir Aytoldı ve onun oğlu Ögdülmiş’in ağzından konuşurken kendi deneyim, gözlem ve geçmiş yaşantılarını aktardığı belirlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla Kutadgu Bilig’in yalnızca kurgusal bir eser olmadığı, hem hatırat unsurları hem de otobiyografik veriler içerdiği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Usûlî'nin şiirlerinde sevgili portresi
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Yağız
Published: February 2022

Klâsik Türk şiirinin estetik geleneği içinde oluşmuş aşk üçgeninin baş öğesi olan sevgili, yüzyıllarca şairlerin dilinden düşmemiştir. Yegâne olan sevgili, bu üçlemede âşık rolüne bürünen şairin şiirlerinde klâsik nazmın estetik değerleri içinde gâh ay gâh güneş olmuş; boyu selviye saçı sümbüle benzetilmiştir. O, eziyet ve cefaları ile vefadan habersiz, erişilmez bir tip olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Çok geniş bir coğrafyada ve çok uzun bir zaman diliminde var olmuş Klâsik Türk şiiri, kendi geleneği içerisinde idealize edilmiş bir sevgili tipi kurgulamıştır. 16. yüzyılda Vardar Yenicesi’nde yaşamış Usûlî, sevgiliyi dilinden düşürmeyen Klâsik dönem Türk şairlerinden biri olmuştur. Hayatında tasavvufun belirleyici yeri olan şair Klâsik Türk şiirinin estetik anlayışını tasavvufî düşünceleriyle harmanladığı şiirleri ile klâsik edebiyat literatürüne önemli bir divanı miras bırakmıştır. Çalışmada, Usûlî Divanı’nda şairin edebî kişiliği ve şiir anlayışı çerçevesinde sevgili tipinin nasıl bir portre çizdiği üzerinde durulacaktır.
Evaluating the impact of performance appraisal on doctor’s task and contextual performance: A view of public sector hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.
Authors: Bibi Munza , Ahmed Khan Rafique
Published: February 2022

Background: Performance appraisal is an essential function implemented by the healthcare organization to gauge an individual's performance while delivering quality care. The present study aimed to evaluate the interrelationship between appraisal and the doctor’s task performance measures.

Methodology: A causal study was conducted on a sample of 270 doctors working at Dr. Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) in Karachi, using a deductive approach. An adapted questionnaire was used to examine the specified variables concerning appraisal, task and contextual performance. The collected data was examined using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) and SPSS version 20.0.

Results: There was a significant impact of performance appraisal on doctor’s task performance and contextual performance as indicated by the study results. A moderate significant relationship was observed between performance appraisal and doctor’s task performance (r = 0.383; p<0.01), while a strong significant relationship was detected between performance appraisal and doctor's contextual performance (r=0.874; p<0.01).

Conclusion: It is concluded that the implemented performance appraisal practices influence doctor's task performance and contextual performance.
Spectrum of hematological disorders in bone marrow aspirate and biopsy at tertiary care hospital, Karachi
Authors: Arshad Fatima , Sajjad Mehwish , Mona Anum , Kousar Shaheen
Published: February 2022

Background: Bone marrow analysis is an invasive practice applicable to identifying, staging, and pursuing tumours. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of malignant hematological disorders using bone marrow aspirate and biopsy at Dr. Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Blood Diseases (DIEKIBD).

Methodology: In this retrospective study, 756 patient records were examined for bone marrow analysis including both aspiration & biopsy, from January 2014 to December 2018. The posterior superior iliac crest was preferred for bone marrow sampling and aspiration was done with the help of a Salah bone marrow needle.

Results: It was observed that about half of the bone marrow examinations, i.e. 362 (47%), were carried out for tumour staging. Of which 260 (71.8%) were not compromised by primary diseases, while 102 (28.17%) cases contained primary diseases. Among non-malignant hematological disorders, megaloblastic anemia and mixed deficiency anemia were the most frequent, i.e. 24 (3.1%) each. In comparison, chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were the most prevalent malignant hematological disorders 42(5.5%) each.

Conclusion: As per the study results, the pathological analysis of bone marrow via aspirate and trephine biopsy has comparatively more significant value in diagnosing and staging the malignant disorders than the non-malignant disorders.
Simulator based teaching of Trans-Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) skills in urology.
Authors: Somroo Kashifuddin Qayoom , Rajpar Zakir Hussain , Idrees Memon Imran , Shah Syed Azher Hussain , Jat Javed Altaf , Memon Shafique Ur Rehman
Published: February 2022

Background: After the introduction of simulators in urology, urology education has evolved significantly. The development of Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) skills has shifted to simulator-based learning from being directly on patients. We evaluated the outcome of simulation-based teaching of TURP procedural skills on virtual reality simulator and objectively assessed the operative skills on the Global Rating Scale (GRS).

Methodology: In this prospective comparative study, high fidelity (VirtaMed | UroSim™) simulator was used. A total of 17 participants were enrolled in this study, 4 were urology faculty members, and 13 were post-graduate urology trainees. All participants performed five attempts of real-time TURP complete procedure and were allowed to resect the maximum possible prostate tissue (goal ≥ 85%). Skills were assessed in terms of resection, bleeding control and safety parameters. Objective assessment of simulative operative skills was done on GRS score sheets by faculty, based on the Global Rating Index for Technical Skills (GRITS) and OSATS. The data from the 1st and 5th attempts of all participants was analyzed on SPSS version 22.0.

Results: There was statistically significant difference in the mean resection score at 1st attempt between faculty and trainees i.e. 112±8.6 and 86.69±9.95, respectively (p<0.01), while the scores were comparative by the 5th attempt. All the enrolled members resected >80% of prostate volume (40 score points). Similarly, for the parameters associated with bleeding control, there was a significant difference in the bleeding control, lost blood and remaining bleeders between trainees and faculty members (p<0.01) at 1st attempt while on 5th attempt, the outcomes were comparative in both groups. The objective assessment of operative skills of the trainee’s displayed improvement in all 5 parameters including tissue injury, movement and time, instrument application, surgical process and surgical details.

Conclusion: Simulation-based TURP teaching significantly improves simulative operative skills in resection, bleeding control and safety parameters. GRS is an effective tool in assessing simulative operative skills and may evaluate endo-urological procedural training in urology trainees periodically.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Role in clinical decision making and accurate diagnosis of the brain lesions
Authors: Kalhoro Aurang Zeb , Sattar Abdul Basit , Abdul Sattar M Hashmi  , Rajper Sanam B
Published: February 2022

Background: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) combined Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) can diagnose brain lesions and help manage several diseases. It has the advantage of differentiating neoplastic brain lesions from non-neoplastic brain lesions based on metabolic changes of the brain. The present study focuses on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) assessment accuracy in the diagnosis of brain lesions.

Methodology: A prospective, non-probability, consecutive sampling study was conducted at the Neurospinal & Cancer care institute, Karachi-Pakistan, from June 2017 to September 2020. A total of 161 patients with brain space-occupying lesions shown on MRI brain contrast and associated with clinical symptoms of headache, fits, or limb weakness was included in the study. The single voxel method was used for MRS; after contrast. MRI was used to localize the pathology in the brain, and the voxel was used in the area of heed interest.

Results Spectroscopy interpretation showed that 114(70.8%) patients were diagnosed with a brain tumour, 41 (25.46%) had a non-neoplastic entity, and 6 (3.72%) were reported as non-specified. MR Spectroscopy reported non-neoplastic entities in 41 (25.46%) patients by spectroscopy. among them, 39(95.12%) patients had decreased choline, NAA and creatinine peaks, raised lactate peak 16(39.02%), lipid peaks 20(48.78%), while in 4 (9.75%) patients the peaks were absent. 

Conclusion: This study recommends that MR spectroscopy has a high accuracy for the diagnostic purpose of neoplastic and non-neoplastic, which is 91.33% which can affect the course of the treatment plan and it can help to avoid unnecessary delay in management.
Identification of correlation between human papillomavirus and prostate cancer: Bradford Hill Criteria Based Evaluation.
Authors: Muhammad Usman  , Ahmad Mukhtiar , Hameed Yasir , Ahmed Hamad , Hussain Muhammad Safdar , Jalil ur Rehman  , Arshad Rizwan , Muhammad Atif
Published: February 2022

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) association has effectively been decoded in prostate cancer (PC) worldwide with controverting conclusions. Though the different groups of researchers explored the potential association of HPV with PC using meta-analysis but it still remains controversial due to the major limitations. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the potential link of HPV with PC using Bradford Hill criteria.

Methodology: Initially using PubMed, we extracted studies that associated HPV to PC. Then, to assess the potential association of HPV with PC, an examination of the available data on HPV in PC, normal/benign samples was conducted using all the major Bradford Hill criteria postulates. Furthermore, to improve the authenticity of the present study, we have also critically evaluated the methodologies of the identified studies to check the possibility of false-negative and false-positive results.

Results: After a careful assessment of the previous studies against Bradford Hill criteria postulates, we observed that all the major postulates were not fulfilled, including strength, temporality, consistency, plausibility, biological gradient, experiment, specificity, and analogy.

Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review suggest no casual association of HPV with PC.
Role of COVID-19 Genotype in Pathogenesis
Authors: Tanveer Mehnaz , Syed A. Aziz
Published: February 2022

Background: Corona viruses are not new to us, and there are 15 different variants known to us. In the last 20 years, this is the fourth coronavirus outbreak, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seems to be the deadliest among all, with the ability to continue producing more contagious variants. In this mini-review, we highlighted the genotypic variance of the pathogenesis of COVID-19.        

Methodology: The article tracks the history and the genotypic variance of Corona virus. The literature was searched using the terms COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Corona virus, genotypic variance etc. via Google Scholar, and PubMed.

Results: Comparative modelling and molecular studies revealed some essential variations in the intermolecular interaction between Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) alleles and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This shows an interesting result for two ACE-2 alleles, rs73635825 (S19P) and rs143936283 (E329G), their low binding affinity and lack of some of the critical residues in the complex formation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This may be suggestive of intrinsic resistance to some scale against the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 S protein appears to be a promising immunogen for protection, but its role in preventing transmission is still unclear.
Functional recovery of neurological deficit among patients with Orbital Fracture due to Craniofacial Traumas
Authors: Khimani Vashdev , Raja Riaz Ahmed , Shahzad Ghazala , Aziz Peer Asad , Aziz Qureshi Pir Abdul Ahad , Nasir Zeeshan
Published: February 2022

Background: With recent development in imaging and bone fixation technology, the orbital fracture is now considered an emerging reconstruction technique for the fixation of even the most severe injuries. This study aims to explore the success rate of functional recovery through different orbital approaches in orbital fractures and reconstruction in patients having craniofacial injuries with clinical and neurological deficits.

Methodology: This observational study was conducted from 2016 to 2018, at the Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS). A total number of 30 patients were enrolled through consecutive sampling. The patients with any clinical and neurological deficit were included in this study, while the patients with craniofacial fractures with comorbidities were excluded. The evaluation of clinical and neurological deficits in the admitted patients was noted pre-operatively and re-assessment of the same deficit postoperatively was done during the tenure of 1-6 months. All orbital floor fractures were approached via a sub-ciliary or transconjunctival incision with a supraciliary approach used for all supra orbital injuries. The reconstruction of the fracture was done within 5 to 10 days of admission.

Results: A total of 30 patients underwent surgery for the repair of an orbital floor fracture. The mean age observed was 32.09±10.36 years. The patient age range was 20-50 years. Among the patients 22 (73.3.0%) were male and 8(26.7%) patients were female. The improvement of symptoms observed after surgical intervention includes sub-ciliary approach that resides the recovery of diplopia (95%), paraesthesia (75%), enophthalmos (100%) and vertical Dystopia (100%). On the other hand, trans-conjuctival approach resides in the recovery of diplopia (95%), paraesthesia (100%), enophthalmos (100%) and vertical Dystopia (100%).

Conclusion: It is concluded that the surgical treatment of orbital fracture shows promising results in the recovery of neurological deficit among patients with crani-o-facial injuries. Moreover, the trans-conjuctival approach holds much promising results in the improvement of infra-orbital para-aesthesia (100%) as compared to the sub-ciliary approach (75%).
Screening of depression in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Authors: Muhammad Fahad  , Kandhro Abdul Hafeez , Khan Sher Wali
Published: February 2022

Background: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and it has affected the morbidity & mortality rate of CKD patients. This study aims to determine the frequency and severity of depression in CKD patients on hemodialysis.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. A total of 251 patients of age between 18-60 years admitted with End-Stage Renal Disease ESRD and getting maintenance haemodialysis were included. Patients diagnosed with psychiatric, neurological illnesses and taking antidepressants were excluded from the study.  Demographic and clinical characteristics of CKD patients were obtained on the structured questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was utilized.

Results: Of the total, 127 (50.6%) were males, and 124 (49.4%) were females, with a mean age of 53.94 ± 14.67 years. Approximately 65% of ESRD patients were suffering from depression. Among these, the patients who were receiving maintenance dialysis were suffering from a mild form of depression (33.1%) (HADS 5-9), 22.3% had moderate depression (HADS 10-14), and 9.6% had severe depression (HADS>15). Moreover, a significant difference has been observed between age and creatinine levels.

Conclusion: Around 10% of the patients had severe depression, which enhances the attention towards it. Multicenter studies should be conducted across Pakistan to identify the extent of the problem.
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and factors predicting next spillover of its more contagious variant.
Authors: Syed A. Aziz  , Shad Kaneez Fatima
Published: February 2022

Background: At the beginning of 2020, the world has started experiencing the epidemic of a novel coronavirus; by the mid of March 2020, it has been declared a pandemic. The disease has been named COVID-19, and the virus is labelled as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the type of infection it is causing. Coronaviruses are not new to us, and there are 15 different coronaviruses known to us. In the last 20 years, this is the fourth coronavirus pandemic, and SARS-CoV-2 seems to be the deadliest among all, with the ability to continue producing more contagious variants.

Methodology: In this review, we used EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed database search engines (retrieval systems) for the words SARS-CoV-2, its origin, transmission, tropism, zoonotic, vaccines, and the factors that contribute to its contagious and virulent nature.

Results: Accumulating evidence indicated that the pandemic might have a massive impact on both physical and mental health, particularly on those predisposed to COVID-19. Approved vaccines are in use around the globe, they may show different effects in future. We observe signs of constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2, recently SARS-CoV-2 variants such as delta and C.1.2.

Conclusion: In this review, we endeavour to reveal the factors which can impede the ability of this highly lethal virus to reproduce into more contagious variants.
Assessing the functional outcome after fixation of distal femoral fractures with DF-LCP: A prospective study.
Authors: Muhammad Naseem  , Kanwal Rahila , Moton Rahat Zahoor , Munshi Naseem , Samreen Saleha
Published: February 2022

Background: Management of distal femoral fractures remains a real challenge due to the involvement of unique and vital anatomical structures. These are usually treated with operative measures. Distal femoral locking compression plate (DF-LCP) has gained popularity due to favorable biological insertion and minimal periosteal damage, but locally little is known about it. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the functional outcomes after fixation of distal femoral fractures with DF-LCP.

Methodology: This prospective cohort study, including 21 patients with distal femoral fractures, was conducted at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital from Jan 1, 2017, to Dec 31, 2018. All enrolled patients were treated with DF-LCP. The postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated for one year. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.

Results: There were 21 patients with distal femur fractures with a mean age of 46.6 ± 19.2 years. The majority of the fractures were due to road traffic accidents (RTA), i.e., 57.1%, followed by ground-level fall (33.3%). The mean time for fracture union was 20.2 ± 11.1 weeks, and the mean range of motion of the knee was 108.5 ± 18.5º (at one-year follow-up). The complications were minimal; superficial infection and stiffness of knee joint were observed in 2 patients each while there was 1 case each of non-union, delayed union, and implant failure.

Conclusion: DF-LCP is an effective treatment for distal femoral fractures as it permits stable fixation and early mobilization. Satisfactory to excellent functional and radiological outcomes were achieved.
Epidemiological assessment of mutational capabilities in common seasonal viruses.
Authors: Burney Syed Tooba , Shar Nisar Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Background: Influenza vaccine composition is reviewed prior to every flu season since influenza viruses frequently evolve through antigenic variations. Vaccine strains are selected in expectation of the upcoming influenza season to allow sufficient time for production. The aim of the present study is to assess the use of computational models for predicting the evolution of influenza based on the association of genetic mutations and antigenic traits of circulating viruses that may apprise vaccine strain assortment decisions.

Methodology: This study also focuses on the correlation of viruses with spread rate using statistical methods. For this method, we have worked on four different viruses Influenza, Ebola, Measles and Dengue. The year-wise mutation rate was correlated with the epidemiological data to see the impact of mutations on the disease spread.  

Results: We highlight the efficiency of this approach by analyzing the mutation rate and correlating it with its spread rate to find out either mutation in viruses causes disease spread or not. Our study identified mutations in viruses get high before the outbreak of disease through which we can assess the upcoming outbreak. We can set a threshold value for nucleotide differences that can predict the next outbreak of viral disease.  

Conclusion: The concept of correlation between the genomic data and epidemic spread leads to the research analysis that mutations do not follow any pattern. Though most of the mutations are random. Our research concluded that some mutations may suppress the virus outbreak, and some mutate to become more resistant than the existing strain that causes an outbreak.