bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher's roadblocks in the time of quarantine teaching
Authors: CORCUERA Lovely , ALVAREZ Abel, Jr.
Published: October 2021

Educational sectors implemented various reforms to continuously deliver the teaching and learning processes to students since the Covid-19 hits the world. Teachers in higher education, taking the responsibility of implementing the curriculum and the high expectation to the teachers to deliver quality education, suddenly experienced different roadblocks with the absence of face-to-face instruction. A qualitative case study research design was employed as this paper attempted to listen and give voice to the challenges experienced by global south educators, particularly in one of the higher education institutions in the Philippines. Using the thematic analysis, three themes or divisions emerged: digital, teachnology, and communication presence. The researchers discussed the findings through the lenses of participants’ experiences. Further, implications for recommendations for each division were presented in response to the growing challenges of emergency remote teaching.
Understanding of Current Higher Education System: A focus on the Interpretation of Marxism Over Time
Authors: Hwang Youngsik
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the role of Marxism to understand the current higher education system in terms of the theoretical lens. Marxism has been the academic foundation to explain various regimes of communism in some areas of the world, and it still has an impact on the theoretical background to describe specific characteristics of industrial development over time. While prior studies have examined Marxism in terms of specific academic areas, such as economics and business but, there are rare studies that combine the current development of the current higher education system. This study provides the importance of Marxism to the higher education system and how the theoretical approach justifies diverse characteristics of current higher education development. Finally, this research shows the aspects of the revised Marxism framework that could explain the current higher education system and give implications for higher education researchers to reorganize the current educational system.
Wedderburn components, the index theorem and continuous Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity for semihomogeneous vector bundles
Authors: Grieve Nathan
Published: October 2021

We study the property of continuous Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, for semihomogeneous vector bundles over a given Abelian variety, which was formulated in A. Küronya and Y. Mustopa [Adv. Geom. 20 (2020), no. 3, 401-412]. Our main result gives a novel description thereof. It is expressed in terms of certain normalized polynomial functions that are obtained via the Wedderburn decomposition of the Abelian variety’s endo-morphism algebra. This result builds on earlier work of Mumford and Kempf and applies the form of the Riemann-Roch Theorem that was established in N. Grieve [New York J. Math. 23 (2017), 1087-1110]. In a complementary direction, we explain how these topics pertain to the Index and Generic Vanishing Theory conditions for simple semihomogeneous vector bundles. In doing so, we refine results from M. Gulbrandsen [Matematiche (Catania) 63 (2008), no. 1, 123–137], N. Grieve [Internat. J. Math. 25 (2014), no. 4, 1450036, 31] and D. Mumford [Questions on Algebraic Varieties (C.I.M.E., III Ciclo, Varenna, 1969), Edizioni Cremonese, Rome, 1970, pp. 29-100].
RNA de interferência e CRISPR/Cas9 como alternativas terapêuticas para a doença de Alzheimer: uma Revisão de Literatura
Authors: Prado Marine Sampaio Goulart , De Souza Cleide Barbieri
Published: October 2021

Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo complexo. Mecanismos como mutação de genes que codificam a proteína precursora amiloide (APP) e a proteína Tau estão envolvidos na doença, evidenciado pelo aumento da produção da proteína β-amiloide, o principal componente das placas senis, e a presença de agregados intraneuronais e emaranhados neurofibrilares, ambos derivados destas respectivas proteínas. Recentes estudos têm demonstrado que a tecnologia de RNA de interferência (RNAi), assim como o sistema CRISPR/Cas9, podem potencialmente controlar a DA, inibindo a expressão proteica de genes específicos, como a APP e da proteína Tau envolvidos na doença, ativando um processo de degradação de uma sequência genômica específica. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos fisiológicos da DA, assim como reunir informações atualizadas sobre o RNAi e CRISPR/Cas9, e avaliar ambos potenciais terapêuticos nesta doença. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica buscando artigos acadêmicos relacionados à DA e suas novas possibilidades de tratamento envolvendo o mecanismo de RNA de interferência e CRISPR/Cas9. Resultados: Tanto o RNAi quanto CRISPR/Cas9 mostraram ter um grande potencial para a reversão da mutação gênica da DA, sendo capazes de fornecer um método eficiente para aplicações clínicas nesta patologia. Enquanto o uso primário do sistema CRISPR/Cas9 é induzir a edição genética diretamente no DNA, o RNAi é um processo modificador da expressão gênica pós-transcricional. Conclusão: Estas ferramentas de silenciamento gênico e edição genômica permitem que sejam possíveis novos tratamentos para DA por meio do controle da expressão de genes relacionados a sua patogênese.
Photodynamic therapy of the experimental tumors of different morphological types with liposomal boronated chlorin е6
Authors: Abramova O. B. , Drozhzhina V. V. , Churikova T. P. , Kozlovtceva E. A. , Arkhipova L. M. , Kaplan M. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: October 2021

The article summarizes the results of studies of the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using a new domestic photosensitizer liposomal borated chlorin e6 (LBC) after its parenteral administration (intraperitoneal and intravenous). Antitumor efficacy was evaluated in rats with M-1 sarcoma and PC-1 alveolar liver cancer and mice with B16 melanoma and Ehrlich’s carcinoma, which were transplanted subcutaneously into the thigh area of the animals. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal regimes of photodynamic therapy that would allow achieving the maximum antitumor effect up to 21 days after the photodynamic therapy. The therapy was carried out under the control of the accumulation of the photosensitizer in the tumor and surrounding tissues of the thigh by selecting the doses of the drug and the parameters of laser radiation (energy density and power density). The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by the inhibition of tumor growth, by the percentage of animals with complete tumor regression, by the absolute growth rate in animals with continued tumor growth compared to controls. The results of our studies have shown that the domestic photosensitizer liposomal borated chlorin e6 has high antitumor activity in vivo. In an experimental study of the photosensitizer under certain PDT modes, the maximum antitumor effect (complete tumor regression in 100% of animals) was obtained up to 21 days after PDT in all tumor models used.
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Baca Al-Qur’an Di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) Bani Lathif Bandar Lampung
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Baca al-Qur’an di Taman Pendidikan al-Qur’an (TPA) Bani Lathif Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik-teknik pengumpulan datanya digunakan teknik obsevasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah data yang diperlukan terkumpul, maka langkah selanjutnya adalah analisa data. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan terdiri dari tiga langkah, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan serta verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi metode pembelajaran baca al-Qur’an di TPA Bani Lathif diimplementasikan melalui pelaksanaan komponen-komponen pembelajarannya. Dari aspek tujuan, penguasaan huruf hijaiyyah, tanda baca, tajwid dan dapat mempraktikkan baca al-Qur'an dengan baik dan benar sesuai dengan kaidah makharijul huruf. Mereka diharpkan pula dapat menghayati dan mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dari segi materi, lebih sederhana daripada metode lainnya, di mana santri tidak diberikan buku paket, namun materi dituliskan di papan tulis untuk melatih keterampilan menulis dan memperkuat hafalan, meski terkesan kurang efisien. Sistem yang digunakan dalam pembelajarannya antara lain dengan variasi sistem individual/ private, klasikal dan klasikal tulis, baca simak “tadarus”. Adapun media yang digunakan masih sederhana yakni dengan mengoptimalkan yang ada, dan menuntut kreativitas guru. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan: evaluasi harian, evaluasi pergantian pokok bahasan; evaluasi khatam al-Qur'an atau tes kelulusan. Meskipun demikian, dalam pelaksanaan belum terdapat perencanaan tertulis sebagaimana pada pendidikan formal, yang mengharuskan guru untuk membuat RPP sebelum melakukan proses pembelajaran.
Trayectorias históricas de los museos en Veracruz
Authors: Román Nieto Azminda Meybelli , Melo Martínez Omar
Published: October 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19, que ha afectado a todos los ámbitos de la vida de las personas a nivel mundial, sigue vigente. Tal es el caso de los museos, uno de los espacios dentro del sector cultural que ha enfrentado un impacto significativo, puesto que aún existen recintos que se encuentran cerrados y otros, aunque ya abrieron sus puertas, no han logrado tener las actividades y los visitantes que en otros años se vislumbraban. En el presente texto se presentan los datos sobre la fecha de apertura, cierre y reaperturas de los museos en el estado de Veracruz con el objetivo de poder trazar las trayectorias históricas de los recintos, con especial énfasis en el periodo de la pandemia del COVID-19, que sirvan de insumo a posibles investigaciones en el ámbito económico, social y cultural. Si bien, aún no se tiene certeza sobre cuándo terminará, la realidad ha cambiado, lo que ha significado un proceso de adaptación en todas las esferas públicas.
DIVERSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF INCOME AS A CONDITION OF FINANCIAL AUTONOMY BY UNIVERSITIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Biliavska Olha Borysivna
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the current state of filling the special budget of the budget with state educational institutions, examines the financial instruments for diversifying the sources of own revenues of state institutions of higher education. The experience of foreign universities in the areas of financing optimization in order to ensure their financial autonomy is considered. A number of measures have been proposed to expand the range of sources of income for Ukrainian universities.
Kinematic calculation of convex cam profile using MATHCAD program
Authors:   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University, Polyakova T. A. , Makushev Yu. P. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University, Volkova L. Yu. ,   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Ryndin V. V. ,   Pavlodar State University named after S. Toraigyrov
Published: October 2021

The article shows the features of the construction of cams with a convex profile, the method of kinematic calculation of the pusher when it moves along a convex and rounded surface is given. A technique is proposed to determine the coordinate center of the radius of the convex surface of the cam. Calculations of the stroke, speed and acceleration of the pusher depending on the angle of rotation of the cam shaft are performed using the Mathcad system. Using the Mathcad program for cams with a convex profile, graphs of the pusher lift, changes in its speed and acceleration are constructed. The proposed method of calculating the cams of a convex profile of various sizes with the determination of the lifting height, speed, acceleration of the pusher and the construction of their graphs in the Mathcad system will allow designing cams and copiers necessary for processing cam shafts.
The dependence of performance characteristics of roller bearing on material used
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Grits D. B.
Published: October 2021

The main materials for the manufacture of rolling stock bearing assemblies are steel ShKh15, ShKh15SG, ShKh4. The article discusses the possibility of using steels 20Kh2N4A, 95Kh18-Sh, 12Kh18N9T as alternative materials, an assessment of the arising contact stresses on the surfaces of the raceways of the bearing rings and rolling elements is given. When using 12Kh18N9T steel, the maximum contact stresses are reduced by 4 % in comparison with standard materials, which can provide an increase in the resource of the bearing assembly.
Study of dynamic characteristics of impact of two solid deformable bodies at impact speed of up to 100 m/s
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Chernyavsky D. I. , Chernyavsky D. D. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: October 2021

The paper analyzes the dynamic dependencies between the impact force and the depth of the indenter penetration into the obstacle. The indenter is a hardened steel ball. The target is made in the form of a rod from various types of steel, duralumin, aluminum and lead. As a result of digitizing the graphs of dependencies, interpolation formulas are obtained for different phases of the impact (the first phase of the impact is compression; the second phase of the impact is unloading). In the course of the analysis of interpolation formulas, absolute and relative data on the transformation of the initial kinetic energy of the indenter into the distribution of energies after impact are obtained: the value of the kinetic energy of the indenter after the impact, the values of the energy of elastic and plastic deformations, and the energy of shock waves. The results obtained can be used to design impact machines with an indenter impact speed against an obstacle up to 100 m/s.
Electro-corrosive state diagnostics of internal surfaces of reinforced concrete supports of contact network
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Kuznetsov A. A. , Ponomarev A. V. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Zverev A. G. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Volchanin G. V. ,   Omsk State Transport University
Published: October 2021

The article discusses a device for diagnosing the electrocorrosive state of hollow reinforced concrete supports of the contact network and power lines. The operation of the device is based on the use of a visual method for monitoring electro-corrosive defects. A design of a video endoscope is proposed that provides an improvement in image quality by eliminating fluctuations in the position of a flexible optical probe during its vertical movement, an increase in the level of automation of the diagnostic process with registration of the coordinates of defects and documentary evidence in the form of a replenished database of images of the diagnostic object — the inner surface of hollow reinforced concrete supports from the surface soil to their base.
Methods of synchronization of electric drives not mechanically connected
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Bychkov A. E. , Funk T. A. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University), Aleksandrov A. V. ,   South Ural State University (National Research University)
Published: October 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the structures of synchronization of the motion of electric drives of medium and high power. A comparison of synchronization structures is made in terms of the impact on the final operation of the system and hardware synchronization methods in terms of applicability and maximum performance. The mathematical apparatus is based on the principle of separation of the movements of each of the electric drives and the representation of its transfer function in matrix form. The control ranges and speed of different types of systems are compared experimentally by evaluating the speed of data transmission and evaluating the speed ripple at low revs.
Dual spherical intensity sensors for new generation lowfrequency electric fields
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Biryukov S. V. , Tyukina L. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Tyukin A. V. ,   Siberian State Automobile and Highway University
Published: October 2021

These electric fields adversely affect the environment, technical and biological objects. In this regard, it is necessary to control the levels of electric fields, an important characteristic of which is the strength of the electric field. Sensors of the electric field strength are required to sense the electric field. The existing sensors are inconvenient in operation and have a high error in the perception of the electric field strength, reaching  20 %. In the work under consideration, the idea of creating a universal sensor of a new type, related to the type of dual sensors, is put forward. Its versatility lies in the fact that it embodies all types of known sensors — single, double, and now twin. The error in the perception of the intensity of the inhomogeneous electric field of the dual sensors does not exceed + 5 % in the entire spatial measurement range 0a1. In this case, the distance d to the field source is limited only by the radius of the spherical base of the sensor, i.e. d  R. At the same time, for sensors that are part of a dual sensor in the same spatial measurement range, the error is  35 %. Using a dual sensor, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the accuracy of measuring the strength of inhomogeneous electric fields in a wide spatial measurement range in comparison with known sensors.
Laboratory stand for development of method and system for continuous non-contact non-destructive testing of technical condition of insulation equipment
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Galieva T. G. , Ivanov D. A. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Sadykov M. F. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Golenishchev-Kutuzov A. V. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University
Published: October 2021

Measurement of partial discharges (PD) is a generally accepted method of diagnosing the insulation of electrical equipment worldwide. Today, the trend is to move from conventional offline testing to online monitoring to predict the service life of insulation. For testing and calibration of the developed new methods with the contact method, a laboratory stand has been developed in accordance with GOST R 55191-2012 (IEC 60270:2000). The article suggests the use of acoustic and electromagnetic methods for a system of continuous non-contact non-destructive testing of the technical condition of insulation equipment, which will allow monitoring insulation equipment online and predicting its residual life. On their basis, a system of «on-line» diagnostics of high-voltage insulators has been developed.
Do oriente vem o berro do bode:
Authors: Silva Micael
Published: October 2021

A mística que envolve o culto a Dioniso influenciou de forma contundente o pensamento ocidental. Muitos filósofos – desde a Antiguidade até a Filosofia Contemporânea – encontraram nas diferentes vertentes do dionisismo elementos para fundamentar sua interpretação da realidade. Dentre os elementos da mística dionisíaca que mais chamaram a atenção destaca-se o estrangeirismo. Dioniso sempre se manifesta como um forasteiro. Suas dádivas, tais como o vinho, provém de terras distantes, do oriente. A loucura, o excesso, a música extática, a dança frenética e a mântica orgiástica de seus ritos são bárbaros. Trata-se de uma religião originalmente bárbara que para ser amplamente aceita foi necessário se helenizar. Sabendo disso, este trabalho discorrerá a respeito de alguns aspectos da proveniência estrangeira da mística dionisíaca. Para tal, vamos considerar os argumentos dos filólogos Erwin Rohde e Martin Person Nilsson.
A Pobreza do espírito e o pensamento da serenidade
Authors: Fernandes Marcos Aurélio
Published: October 2021

Partindo de uma meditação a respeito da interpretação feita por Heidegger de uma sentença de Hölderlin, esta reflexão procura sondar o sentido da “pobreza do espírito” como experiência do e no pensamento, precisamente, de um pensamento que não é ciência nem consciência, mas pensamento do sentido que acolhe a serenidade do Ser, de sua abertura.
Impact of communication on the awareness of birth defects among adult women in Nigeria
Authors: Ogundoyin Olayinka Susan , Ogundoyin Olakayode Olaolu
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Birth defects are universal problems associated with poor management outcomes in children, especially in developing countries where its burden is enormous. Media advocacy is believed to help in reducing these poor outcomes. This study assessed the level of awareness of birth defects in women and the impact of the media in Nigeria.

Material and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 778 women, conducted in the outpatient clinics of two major referral hospitals in Ibadan, Nigeria, from March to October 2019.

Results:

Of the 778 women, 768 were administered a structured questionnaire and 10 women whose children have been managed for a congenital anomaly before were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. Of the 768 respondents, 600 (78.1%) were in the third and fourth decades of life and 577 (75.1%) women have heard about birth defects before. A total of 348 (60.3%) and 134 (23.2%) women heard about it from the hospital and mass media, respectively, with 65.0% of them believing that the media were helping in educating people about birth defects. There was a statistically significant relationship between the awareness levels and the respondents’ occupation (χ2= 28.914,P< 0.001), educational status (χ2=43.325,P< 0.001), religion (χ2= 10.376,P= 0.016), antenatal clinic attendance (χ2= 5.035,P= 0.025), and history of previous mid-trimester abortion (χ2= 7.689,P= 0.006).

Conclusion:

The level of awareness about birth defects is good but not enough; there is a need for greater media involvement in disseminating information on the occurrence of birth defects.
Capabilities of intraoperative OCT during femtoassisted phacoemulsification of cataract in congenital lens ectopia
Authors:   Kaluga branch of the S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tereshchenko A.V.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To prevent intraoperative complications during fixation of the IOL-intracapsular ring-capsule bag complex during femto-assisted phacoemulsification of cataract complicated by congenital lens ectopia (Marfan syndrome) using intraoperative OCT. Material and methods. 3 men (6 eyes), with a diagnosis of cataract complicated by congenital ectopia of the lens (Marfan syndrome). The age of patients ranged from 19 to 25 years. Cataract phacoemulsification (CFE) with femto support and hydrophobic IOL implantation was performed by all patients. Fixation of complex "IOL-intracapsular ring-capsule bag" in sulcus ciliaris was performed with the control of intraoperative OCT. Results. BCVA was 0.6-0.8 at the first day after the operation. According to ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), the IOL was in the capsule bag in a horizontal position in all cases. Any damage of the iris and ciliary body was not found. After 6 months, according to UBM, a stable horizontal position of the IOL and the consistency of suture fixation of the «intracapsular ring-capsule bag-IOL» complex was recorded in all patients. Conclusion. The use of intraoperative OCT allows to accurately determine the individual anatomical location of the sulcus ciliaris and provide visual control of the IOL suturing and the «intracapsular ring-capsule bag» complex in congenital lens tectopia, avoiding excessive trauma of the surrounding eye tissues, and also to ensure a stable horizontal position of the IOL in the postoperative period. Key words: intraoperative optical coherence tomography, femtoassisted cataract phacoemulsification, congenital lens ectopia.
The use of intraoperative OCT in the surgical treatment of overripe cataracts with femtolaser support
Authors:   Kaluga branch of the S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tereshchenko A.V. , Trifanenkova I.G. ,   Kaluga branch of the S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Okuneva M.V. ,   Kaluga branch of the S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Bulatov A.R. ,   Kaluga branch of the S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the capabilities of intraoperative OCT in optimizing the femtocapsulotomy technique during the surgical treatment of overripe cataracts with femtolaser support. Material and methods. The study included 20 patients (20 eyes) with overripe cataracts who underwent femtolaser-assisted cataract surgery (FACS). The patients were divided into 2 groups (10 eyes in each group). For the 1st group, femtocapsulorexis was performed taking into account the morphological changes in the anterior lens capsule and the state of the lens according to intraoperative OCT. Dosing of the laser energy depended on the condition of the anterior capsule and the underlying altered cortical masses. For prophylactic purposes, to reduce the tension of the anterior capsule and equalize the intralenticular pressure (ICP) gradient, cohesive-dispersed viscoelastics were preliminarily introduced. The anterior capsule was stained with trypan blue to improve visualization. For the 2nd group, the femtocapsulorexis technique was standard. Results. There were no cases of radialization of the anterior lens capsule in the 1st group. In all cases, a perfectly round, centrally located capsulorhexis with a diameter of 5-5.2 mm was achieved. The IOL was implanted into the capsule bag, without intra- and postoperative complications. An incomplete capsulotomy was performed with a femtolaser in 3 cases in the 2nd group. Out of these 3 cases, in two cases, radialization of the anterior capsulorhexis occurred without transition to the posterior capsule. The IOL was implanted in the capsule bag in all cases. Conclusion. The use of intraoperative OCT makes it possible to evaluate morphological changes in the lens capsule and to plan the individual parameters and femtocapsulorexis algorithm, which reduces the risk of complications of overripe cataract surgery with femtolaser support. Key words: intraoperative OCT, overripe cataract, femtolaser support.
Clinical case of diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma in a patient after previously performed anterior radial keratotomy
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Burya R.A. , Fil A.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Sorokin E.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation,   Far-Eastern State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article describes a clinical case of diagnosis and detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a patient after previously performed anterior dosed radial keratotomy (ADRK). The reasons that hampered the primary diagnosis of POAG in the presented patient at an outpatient appointment with an ophthalmologist were: inadequate assessment of the ratio of the state of the lenses and low vision; a falsely underestimated level of tonometric intraocular pressure (IOP), as well as the absence of an in-depth ophthalmoscopic assessment of the condition of the optic nerve head, failure to comply with the mandatory perimetric examination in such cases. It should be especially remembered that there is a high likelihood of underestimation of applanation tonometry indices after performing ADRK, therefore, the assessment of its results should be treated with caution, identifying other clinical signs characteristic of glaucoma. This will make it possible to diagnose glaucoma in time and prescribe pathogenetic treatment in a timely manner. Key words: anterior dosed radial keratotomy, primary open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure.
Study of peculiarities of intra- and postoperative state of the interface «intraocular lens - posterior capsule» in phacoemulsification of senile cataract
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Bai L. , Vasiliev A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation, Egorova A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, the Khabarovsk branch, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Presence of full contact of interface «intraocular lens (IOL) – posterior capsule (PC)» ensures the transparency of the latter in the early period after phacoemulsification (PE) of senile cataract (SC). The main reasons for absence of full contact of IOL with PC are: the presence of residuals of viscoelastic (VE) in the capsular bag, uneven tension of the capsule by the haptic elements of the IOL, and the incommensurability of the size of the IOL with the capsule. Purpose. To study the features of the intra- and postoperative state of interface «IOL – PC» during PE SC. Material and methods. Dynamic observation of 42 patients (42 eyes), who operated on immature senile cataracts, was carried out. All operations were performed using OPMI LUMERA 700 surgical microscope (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) with integrated intra-operative OCT, state of interface «IOL – PC» was examined. 2 hours after and on the 1st day after the operation state of interface «IOL – PC» was studied in all eyes by OCT on Optovue RTVue-100 (Optovue, Inc., US) with module for anterior segment examining to protocols «Cornea Line» and «Cornea Cross Line». Results. During the operation, the presence of contact between IOL and PC was observed only in 9 eyes (21.4%). 2 hours after surgery, 40 eyes (95.2%) had absence of contact between lens and capsule. On the 1st day after surgery, the optimal interface between IOL and PC was observed in 32 eyes (76.2%). Conclusion. Studies have shown that state of interface «IOL – PC» on the 1st day does not depend on its characteristics revealed intraoperative and 2 hours after the operation. The main reason for absence of contact between IOL and PC is residues of VE, and the using «impulse-irrigation» technique allows completely removing VE from the central zone of the capsule in all cases. Key words: cataract, phacoemulsification, intraocular lens, lens capsule, viscoelastic, interface «IOL – PC».
Trans-PRK: Compromise?
Authors:   Limited Liability Company «Ost-Optik K», Vladivostok, Miagkikh A.I.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. A statement of the fact of the presence of abnormally high visual acuity after the first stage of Trans-PRK and a proposal to use this information when planning laser correction of high and ultra-high myopia. Material and methods. Eyes were selected after the first stage of Trans-PRK (581 eyes), in which the postoperative myopic sphere equivalent was at least 2 diopters. Visual acuity was compared with non-operated eyes with a similar myopic sphere equivalent. Results. The revealed effect is that patients with high residual myopic refraction after the first stage of Trans-PRK have significantly higher visual acuity than non-operated people with similar refraction. Postoperative keratotopograms do not give grounds for understanding this effect. Conclusion. The explanation can be the forced work of the visual analyzer of the brain. With this in mind, it is possible to achieve and widely use a compromise between the desired and possible result in the practice of laser correction of myopia. Key words: myopia correction, first-stage, Trans-PRK, residual myopia, sphere equivalent, sight acuity, keratotopogram, visual analyzer of the brain, Ambliocor.
Predicting the size of the functional optical zone on the Microscan-Visum device in patients with myopia using a personalized aspherical algorithm
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Orenburg branch, Pogodina E.G. , Chuprov A.D. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Orenburg branch, Mushkova I.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Karimova A.N. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Movshev V.G. ,   ООО «Optosystems»
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To predict the size of the functional optical zone (FOZ) based on comparative results of operations using the ablation algorithm according to the nomogram. Material and methods. The analysis of 59 eyes of 50 patients with myopia operated on the nomogram (group 1), and 30 eyes of 30 patients - with a Q-factor value of -0.2 (group 2). Results. The average value of FOZ in group 1 was 5.71 ± 0.09 mm, in group 2 - 5.61 ± 0.12 mm. In both groups, FOZ increased in the direction from mild to moderate myopia from 5.2 to 6.8 mm and decreased with an increase in the spheroequivalent from 6.8 to 4.45 mm. With an average and high degree of myopia, the average value of FOZ in group 1 was 5.52 ± 0.08 mm, in group 2 - 5.18 ± 0.12 mm. In case of moderate and high myopia, the use of the algorithm according to the nomogram increases the PHO by 0.33 mm. In the direction from the flat to the normal cornea, the increase in FOZ was in both groups. In the case of a steep cornea, the use of a Q-factor of -0.2 led to a sharp decrease in FOZ, the use of the nomogram kept the functional optical zone stable. The calculation and prediction of the functional optical zone was carried out taking into account the spheroequivalent of refraction depending on the value of the Q-factor with an average spheroequivalent of -4.0 diopters. The choice of the Q-factor value when correcting myopia according to the nomogram increases and stabilizes the FOZ value. The nomogram leads to an increase in the functional optical zone by 0.33 mm with a flat and normal cornea; in cases of initially steep cornea, the value remains stable. Conclusion. The performed analysis of operations makes it possible to predict the value of the functional optical zone during the correction of myopia on the Microscan-Visum device at the stage of their planning. Key words: functional optical zone (FOZ), personalized aspherical algorithm, excimer laser correction.
Possibilities of scleral lenses for visual rehabilitation of patients with corneal scars
Authors:   Eye clinic «OftalNova», Ryabenko O.I. , Selina O.M. ,   Eye clinic «OftalNova», Tananakina E.M. ,   Eye clinic «OftalNova»
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To analyze the efficacy and safety of SCL in patients with corneal cicatricial changes and other concomitant conditions. Material and мethods. The study included 19 patients (20 eyes) with cicatricial deformity of the cornea of various etiology, who were fitted with scleral contact lenses. Results and discussions. The use of SCL is possible in post-traumatic pathology, such as corneoscleral scars with or without aphakia, as well as after keratitis with an outcome in cicatricial deformity, cicatricial changes after a burn. A significant increase in visual acuity compared with spectacle correction has been proven. Depending on the topography of the scar, it is possible to select scleral lenses such as Oblate and Prolate, as well as with different versions of the support zone: both toric and quadratic. Conclusion. Scleral lenses can be successfully used for optical correction in patients with cicatricial changes in the cornea and other concomitant post-traumatic conditions of ineffectiveness of other methods of visual rehabilitation. Key words: cornea, lenses, vision correction, contact lenses, visual rehabilitation, scleral lenses, corneal scars, post-traumatic astigmatism, aphakia, keratitis, toric lenses, quadratic lenses, astigmatism, irregular cornea, regular cornea, regular astigmatism, irregular cornea, irregular astigmatism, prolate, oblate.
Evaluation of changes in corneal biomechanics in eyes with keratectasia
Authors:   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Malugin B.E. , Solodkova E.G. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Volgograd branch, Balalin S.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Volgograd branch, Kulikov V.S. ,   Volgograd State Medical University, Lobanov E.V. ,   Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Volgograd branch
Published: October 2021

Purpose. To make a comparative analysis of topographic, tomographic and biomechanical values, measured by Pentacam HR and Corvis ST, in healthy multirefractive cohort versus patients with keratectasia of various severity. Material and methods. The prospective study comprised 237 patients aged from 18 to 47 years, subdivided into three groups. The first group included 174 healthy persons with various refraction (174 eyes). The second and the third group embraced 63 patients with keratoconus: 36 patients (36 eyes) with keratoconus of the I degree and 27 eyes with keratoconus of the II and III degrees. Besides the conventional comprehensive ocular examination the following studies were performed in all the patients: evaluation of topographic, tomographic and biomechanical corneal properties with application of Pentacam HR and Corvis ST (OCULUS Optikgerate GmbH; Wetzlar, Germany). Results. It was revealed that the following biomechanical values, assessed by means of Pentacam HR and Corvis ST, exhibited statistically significant changes (p<0,001) in all degrees of ketatoconus: a relative corneal thickness by Ambrosio, inverted radius of applanation curvature (IntRadius), DA Ratio Coefficient, values of corneal rigidity – SP-A 1 and SSI. Conclusion. The detected parameters may be applied as indicators, allowing to evaluate corneal biomechanics, to define early features of ectatic process, to assess effectiveness of the performed corneal collagen crosslinking and intralamellar keratoplasty with implantation of corneal segments. Key words: keratoconus, corneal biomechanics, pachymetry, index of pachymetric progression, corneal viscoelasticity.
Correction of refractive disorders in the surgical treatment of keratoconus by MyoRing implantation
Authors:   Medical Center «Svetoch», Pushkino, Moscow region, Milova S.V. , Daxer A. ,   Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
Published: October 2021

Keratoconus is a progressive degenerative disease in which, due to the weakening of the biomechanical strength of the cornea, its cone-shaped deformation occurs, leading to the development of induced myopia and astigmatism, as well as to a decrease in corrected visual acuity. Treatment of this disease consists in achieving stabilization of the process by strengthening the structure of the cornea, as well as in correcting refractive disorders caused by corneal deformation. Purpose. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of correction of refractive disorders by implanting a closed MyoRing ring in the corneal stroma of patients with keratoconus. Material and methods. The data of 98 MyoRing implantation operations using CISIS technology using the PoketMaker ultraceratom for stage 3-4 keratoconus were analyzed. The observation period is up to 9 years. The initial myopia averaged -9.23 D ±3.82, astigmatism-6.13 ±2.51. Results. Stabilization of the refractive effect occurred usually within 3-6 months after surgery. On average, the following correction of refractive disorders was achieved: myopia-8.14 D ± 2.67 and astigmatism-4.28 D ± 2.12. Keratometry indicators also in most cases stabilized within 3-6 months after surgery and remained unchanged throughout the entire follow-up period. Conclusions. Implantation of a closed MyoRing ring in keratoconus makes it possible to significantly correct refractive disorders and prevents further progression of the disease. Key words: keratoconus, MyoRing, SISI, ring implantation in keratoconus.
Experience in the management of patients with cataract-associated glaucoma
Authors:   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch, Dzhashi B.G. , Zhdanova T.N. ,   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch, Balalin S.V. ,   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch, Vinogradov A.R. ,   S.N. Fedorov NMRC «MNTK «Eye Microsurgery», Volgograd Branch
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma associated with cataract the first stage realization of cataract phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (PHACO), and the second stage - microinvasive nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (MNPDS). Material and methods. The results of 234 cases of performing PHACO and MNPDS at various stages have been analyzed. The main group included patients who underwent PHACO, followed by MNPDS – 39 persons, 40 eyes. The group was divided into a subgroup based on the date of the second intervention. 1 subgroup – patients who underwent MNPDS 1 month after PHACO (11 cases); 2 subgroup – 3 months after PHACO (29 cases). The control group included patients who underwent MNPDS followed by PHACO – 180 persons, 195 eyes. Also, subgroups of patients were identified for whom PHACO + IOL was performed in the second stage after 1 month – 1 subgroup (99 cases) and after 3 months – 2 subgroup (96 cases). Results. Patients of the main group showed a significant decrease in intraocular pressure after each stage of treatment. in the control group, intraocular pressure decreased after the first stage of treatment, but increased 6 months after surgery. Conclusions. According to the study, in primary open-angle glaucoma associated with cataract, the most persistent hypotensive effect is observed when the first stage of cataract phacoemulsification is performed, and the second stage is antiglaucoma surgical intervention. Key words: glaucoma, cataract, cataract phacoemulsification, microinvasive nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy.
Surgical treatment of damage to the posterior capsule of the lens after laser vitreolysis
Authors:   Ophtalmology clinic «Spectr», Moscow, Kozhukhov А.А. , Unguryanov О.V. ,   Ophtalmology clinic «Spectr», Moscow, Chukanin О.А. ,   Ophtalmology clinic «Spectr», Moscow
Published: October 2021

Damage to the posterior capsule of the lens after laser vitreolysis causes the formation of traumatic cataracts and a decrease in visual acuity. The search for surgical methods of treating such complications is relevant. Purpose. To develop and improve the technique of posterior capsulorexis during phacoemulsification and implantation of IOL combined with vitrectomy in the presence of an initial injury of the posterior lens capsule. Material and methods. Clinical case - a patient came to the clinic with complaints about a decrease in visual acuity and quality after laser vitreolysis performed in another clinic. Observed the damage of the posterior capsule of the lens. The operation was performed according to the developed technique. Results. A method of primary posterior capsulorexis during phacoemulsification and implantation of IOL after vitreolysis, combined with vitrectomy, is proposed. Achieved high visual acuity after the operation, OD=1.0. Conclusions. 1) The developed technique of primary posterior capsulorexis is safe and allows partially preserving the posterior capsule of the lens, while forming a «window» in the area of damage, and implanting the IOL into a capsule bag. 2) The installation of scleral ports during primary posterior capsulorexis makes it possible to successfully combine this operation with vitrectomy and prevent the displacement of lens fragments to the fundus. Key words: сataract, posterior capsulorexis, laser vitreolysis, phacoemulsification, pseudophakia, IOL, vitrectomy, vitreous body.
Composition of the conjunctive microflora of the patients before outbulatory cataract surgery
Authors:   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital, Kudryavtseva Y.V. ,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Podyninogina V.V. ,   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Demakova L.V. ,   Kirov state ophthalmology hospital,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia, Ogorodova N.V. ,   FSBEI HE Kirov SMU MOH Russia
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Study of the composition of the conjunctival cavity in healthy patients before elective outpatient cataract surgery. Material and methods. The contents of the conjunctival cavity were examined in 30 patients who were admitted to the ophthalmological departments of the Kirov Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital for the surgical treatment of cataracts as planned. Results. The growth of microflora was detected in 100% of the studied patients when examining crops from the conjunctiva. Most of the identified microorganisms are representatives of the normal microflora of the human skin and mucous membranes. Conclusion. 1. The structure of the conjunctival microflora in patients before elective cataract surgery has a wide spectrum – aerobes (Staphilococcus aureus, Staphilococcus epidermidis) and anaerobes (Propionibacterium granulosum), gram-positive (Corinebacterium spp.) and gram-negative (Klebsiella sp., E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) microorganisms, as well as fungi of the genus Candida. 2. The most common representatives of the conjunctival cavity microflora are Candida fungi (72.4%), E. coli (65.5%), Enterococcus sp. (55.2%), Klebsiella sp. (55.2%), Strp.pyogenes (51.7%), which should be taken into account when prescribing antibacterial therapy in the pre – and postoperative period. Key words: cataract surgery, conjunctival microflora.
The frequency of YAG-laser discission of secondary cataract during implantation of the «Open bag» IOL «Torsion»
Authors:   PIFTPh – BC of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, Penza, Kuznetsov S.L.
Published: October 2021

Purpose. Analysis of frequency of ND: YAG-laser capsulotomy of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in patients with intraocular correction of aphakia by Open bag IOL. Methods. Open bag IOL «Torsion» (RF Patent 2208418), manufactured by «Reper-NN Ltd.» 5,5'15,4'0.2 mm by size, were used in clinic at 752 eyes of 615 patients with age related cataract during a routine PHACO through 2.2 mm incision. Standard research methods were used in all patients includes refractometry and monitoring of IOL position by UBM-biometry before and after surgery. ND: YAG-laser capsulotomy was performed in a circle or a cross forming 4-mm hole in borders of IOL optical part. Follow-up was from one to 10 years (at mean 7.73±3.21 years). Results. ND: YAG-laser capsulotomy was performed on 32 eyes (4.25%) of 23 patients in follow-up of 5.25 to 10 years. During the period 5,25-7 years capsulotomy was performed on 15 eyes (46,87%), from 7 till 8,5 years were done on 14 eyes (43,75%), from 8,5 till 10 years was performed on 3 eyes (9,37%). Correct and stable PTHIOL position was proved by UBM method. In all patients, the parameters of CB with implanted lens did not significantly differing from those after of the ND: YAG-laser capsulotomy. Furthermore, there were no long-term complications of the CB. Conclusions. The 10-years results of open bag IOL implantation allows to conclude, that the IOL «Torsion» really can significantly reduce the risk of PCO. In addition, IOL significantly delays the time of occurrence PCO to an average of 6.99±0.9 years. Therefore, the statistic of PCO after cataract surgery with implantation of IOL should be taken into account after 5,5 – 10 years. Key words: YAG-laser discission, PCO, secondary cataract, «open bag» IOL, «Torsion».