bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADT-03 PRE-OPERATIVE SINGLE FRACTION VERSUS FRACTIONATED STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY: A SINGLE-INSTITUTION ANALYSIS OF 299 RESECTED METASTASES
Authors: Perlow Haley , Luu Sydney , Reddy Sohil , Bradshaw Jared , Hennings Sarah , Matsui Jennifer , Klamer Brett , Upadhyay Rituraj , Oliver Alexandria , McGregor John , Lonser Russell , Prevedello Daniel , Elder James , Wu Kyle , Prabhu Roshan , Zhu Simeng , Singh Raj , Beyer Sasha , Grecula John , Blakaj Dukagjin , Thomas Evan , Raval Raju , Palmer Joshua
Published: August 2024

The treatment standard for patients with large or symptomatic brain metastases and limited intracranial disease is surgical resection followed by post-operative (post-op) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The multicenter PROPS-BM cohort showed how pre-operative (pre-op) SRS may lead to a reduced incidence of radiation necrosis (RN), local failure (LF), and meningeal disease (MD) compared to historical controls. Fractionated treatments can deliver a higher biological effective dose and may reduce the incidence of LF and MD. We hypothesize that pre-op fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) will reduce the incidence rate of RN, MD, and LF when compared to patients who receive pre-op SRS. Patients who had surgical resection and pre-operative radiation to at least one brain metastasis at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. Outcomes were evaluated on a per-lesion basis. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint defined by 1) LF, 2) MD, and/or 3) Grade 2 or higher (symptomatic) RN. 260 patients with 299 resected brain metastases were eligible for analysis. 64 metastases received SRS and 235 metastases received FSRT. 38 patients had multiple metastases resected pre-operatively. The median gross tumor volume was 4 ccs for SRS and 10 ccs for FSRT (p<0.001). Overall, 4 (6.3%) SRS and 6 (2.6%) FSRT patients experienced LF. 4 (6%) SRS and 21 (8.9%) FSRT patients experienced Grade 2 or higher RN. 3 (4.7%) SRS and 11 (4.7%) FSRT patients were diagnosed with MD. 14% of both SRS and FSRT patients experienced the composite endpoint. There were no statistically significant differences in outcome between these two treatment groups. In our study, pre-op SRS and FSRT both appear to be safe and effective options to treat resectable brain metastases. It is important to prospectively compare pre-op SRS and FSRT in matched cohorts to assess any differences in treatment efficacy and toxicity.
RMTD-01 PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF STABLE EXTRACRANIAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH INTRACRANIAL METASTATIC DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM A RETROSPECTIVE POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Sherman Madison , Li Alyssa Y , Das Sunit
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) is a life-limiting complication of lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. Prior research suggests prolonged survival in patients with stable extracranial disease and IMD (IMD-SE), compared to patients with progressive extracranial disease (IMD-PE). A comprehensive clinical characterization of patients with IMD-SE is lacking. This study aims to investigate clinical characteristics, outcomes, and the impact of patient and treatment factors on survival in patients with IMD-SE vs. IMD-PE.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma, and IMD in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2010, and August 31, 2019. IMD-SE criteria included no extracranial metastases within 2 months of primary cancer diagnosis and ≥2 rounds of systemic therapy, documented in provincial records. Analyses, including Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier, and logistic regression, assessed overall survival (OS) and associations with IMD-SE. Data analysis occurred between September and December 2023.

RESULTS

In our analysis of 15,577 patients, 16.0% had IMD-SE, comprising 50.6% lung cancer, 40.0% breast cancer, and 9.3% melanoma. IMD-SE patients showed longer median OS from primary cancer diagnosis (27.72 months vs. 6.54 months in IMD-PE; p<0.0001) and from IMD diagnosis (4.60 months vs. 1.91 months in IMD-PE; p<0.0001). Receipt of systemic therapy and brain surgery decreased the risk of death in IMD-SE patients (HR <0.8), while lung cancer and cranial radiotherapy increased the risk. IMD-SE status was least associated with lung cancer and most associated with age <65 years, systemic therapy, primary radiation, and ≥2 rounds of cranial radiotherapy.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE

This study provides insights into IMD prognosis, emphasizing the importance of considering extracranial disease progression for survival predictions. Our findings enhance understanding of IMD-SE, guiding refined prognostic assessments and innovative treatments. Future studies should explore additional variables for a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing IMD-SE.
RMTD-04 EXAMINING THE REAL-WORLD CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE OF BRAIN METASTASES IN US MEDICARE ALK+ METASTATIC NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (MNSCLC) PATIENT POPULATIONS THAT ARE UNDERREPRESENTED IN RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Abrahami Devin , Sang Angela , Davis Matthew , Marcum Zachary , Rifi Nada , Li Benjamin , Duncan Kirsten , Kelton John , Uprety Dipesh , Bazhenova Lyudmila
Published: August 2024

Brain metastases (BM) are a serious outcome for patients with ALK+ mNSCLC and may occur at diagnosis (baseline) or during disease progression (incident). Gaps in understanding the impact of BM remain, especially in populations that are underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Using a 100% sample of Medicare fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries from 2017-2022, patients >65 years with ALK + mNSCLC (index date = first-line alectinib/brigatinib initiation) were identified. Patient characteristics were compared to pivotal RCTs. BM were assessed as occurring at diagnosis if there was a record in the year prior to the index date (baseline), while BM during progression were observed from the index date forward among those without baseline BM. The incidence of BM by age and racial/ethnic group was estimated using a cumulative incidence function accounting for the competing risk of death within strata of the population. In the study cohort, 988 (95%) and 53 (5%) of patients were initiated on alectinib and brigatinib, respectively, and 290/1041 (28%) and 126/751 (17%) had baseline or incident BM, respectively. In contrast to published RCTs, the median age in this study was 74 years, with 10% of the patients ≥85 years at baseline, and 32% of patients were non-White (Black: 8%, Asian/Pacific Islander: 12%, Hispanic: 8%). After 4 years from the index date, the cumulative incidence of BM was highest in patients ≥85 years (25%), compared to 19% and 18% in patients <75 and 75-84 years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of BM was higher in non-White patients (23%) compared to White patients (17%). This study demonstrated a higher cumulative incidence of BM among US Medicare populations in the real-world setting that are underrepresented in RCTs. More work is needed to ensure adequate representation of patients in RCTs to further inform safety and efficacy data in broader populations.
RMTD-06 TREATMENT PATTERNS AND OUTCOMES OF HR+/HER2- BREAST CANCER WITH BRAIN METASTASES: A SINGLE-CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Wei Zhu Jie , Moravan Veronika , Jerzak Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Approximately 14% of patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) develop BrM during their lifetime, which is associated with a poor prognosis. We sought to assess the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer brain metastases (BCBrM).

METHODS

We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study of 204 patients (≥18 years of age) diagnosed with HR+/HER- mBC who were treated for BrM at the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre between 2008 and 2018. We used descriptive statistics to summarize patient and treatment characteristics and Kaplan-Meier analyses for survival outcomes. The log-rank test was used to compare outcomes of patients with endocrine sensitive versus endocrine resistant disease.

RESULTS

Among 204 patients with HR+/HER2- BCBrM, the median age at BrM diagnosis was 56 years (range 31 – 93) and the median time between diagnosis of mBC to development of BrM was 15 months (interquartile range [IQR] 3 – 36 months). 135 (66.2%) patients had endocrine resistant disease, 53 (26%) patients had endocrine sensitive disease; endocrine sensitivity was not available for 16 patients (7.8%). The first line of systemic treatment following BrM diagnosis was chemotherapy for 46.1% of patients and endocrine therapy for 28.9% of patients. The median brain-specific (bs) progression-free survival (PFS) was 7 months (95% CI: 5.2 – 9) and median overall survival (OS) was 10 months (95% CI: 8.5 – 13.4). In subgroup analyses, bsPFS (5 months versus 11 months, p<0.001) and OS (7.3 versus 20.7 months, p<0.001) were significantly shorter among patients with endocrine resistant breast cancer than those with endocrine sensitive disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with HR+/HER2- BCBrM have poor outcomes. A substantial proportion of patients with endocrine resistant disease have particularly short bsPFS and OS, highlighting the need for novel systemic treatment approaches with efficacy in the brain.
TRSC-01 STEM CELL THERAPY HAS EFFICACY FOR LEPTOMENINGEAL DISSEMINATION OF DIVERSE TYPES OF SOLID CANCERS
Authors: Kitamura Yohei , Kanaya Nobuhiko , Moleirinho Susana , Tamura Ryota , Ueda Ryo , Sasaki Hikaru , Toda Masahiro , Shah Khalid
Published: August 2024

Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD), known as carcinomatous meningitis, occurs in approximately 5% of all cancer patients. LMD presents an extremely poor prognosis, with an average life expectancy of 4-6 weeks. While treatments such as whole brain/spinal cord irradiation and intrathecal injection of anticancer drugs are sometimes performed, their effects are limited, which urgently necessitates new therapeutic strategies for LMD. We evaluated the efficacy of a stem cell (SC)-based therapeutic strategy for LMD in various solid cancers based on two primary advantages: (1) LMD is a condition where cancer cells spread within a single closed space without separation, and SCs with cancer tropism and chemotaxis can easily reach these cells; (2) Repeated intrathecal injections of drugs are invasive and risky, but SCs can continuously secrete therapeutic agents into the cerebrospinal cavity after a few injections, increasing local concentrations of these substances. Our findings suggest that treatment using engineered SCs may be an effective option against LMD from breast, lung, and malignant melanoma, which are types of cancer that tend to metastasize to the central nervous system. Specifically, we found that engineered allogeneic SCs simultaneously targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and death receptor (DR) have efficacy for LMD of triple negative breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, twin SCs releasing oncolytic herpes virus, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and single-chain variable region fragments (scFv) against programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) show encouraging results in managing LMD in cases of malignant melanoma. We believe that SC therapy has the potential to become a new therapeutic option for LMD in the future.
TRSC-02 RESPONSE TO PARP INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER METASTATIC TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Grinda Thomas , Lee Seoho , Bansal Rani , Hughes Melissa , Swearingen Amanda Van , Moore Heather , Kamson David , Sahebjam Solmaz , Kirkner Greg , Gorfinkel Anna , Sammons Sarah , Lin Nancy , Anders Carey , Santa-Maria Cesar
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from breast cancer can be challenging to treat due to the limited blood brain barrier penetration of many systemic therapies. The goal of our study is to describe the clinical benefit of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in patients with breast cancer CNS metastasis.

METHODS

This retrospective case series was conducted at three academic cancer centers (Johns Hopkins, Dana-Farber, and Duke) and included patients with the following criteria: age≥18 years with a breast cancer diagnosis (any subtype); diagnosis of parenchymal brain metastasis or leptomeningeal disease (LMD); and received PARPi for CNS metastasis. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Although this analysis includes one center’s experience, we will present a combined dataset (N = 45) at the main conference. 11 patients were identified at Johns Hopkins. 4 (36.4%) were Black and 6 (54.5%) were White; 6 (54.5%) had ER+HER2- disease and 5 (45.5%) had TNBC; 5 (45.5%) had BRCA1 mutations and 5 (45.5%) had BRCA2 mutations. Median lines of therapy prior to PARPi was 6 [1 - 11]. On average, patients remained on PARPi for 5 months [0.5 - 66], and overall survival (OS) time from PARPi to death was 16 months [2 - 66]. Duration of PARPi and OS did not differ significantly between ER+HER2- and TNBC (p=0.74 and 0.69) or BRCA 1 and 2 (p=0.78 and 0.72). Black patients had significantly shorter PARPi duration and survival than White patients (PARPi 2 vs. 8 months, p=0.028 and OS 4 vs 18 months, p=0.028). Prior CNS radiation was significantly associated with longer PARPi duration and survival (PARPi 5 vs 1 month, p=0.02 and OS 17 vs. 3 months, p=0.032).

CONCLUSIONS

PARPi are associated with significant clinical benefit in patients with breast cancer CNS metastasis. Larger data series will help confirm these observations.
Tracing Lower Crustal Contamination in Continental Arc Magmas Using Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopes: A Combined In Situ and Bulk Rock Approach Applied to the Adamello Batholith
Authors: Pimenta Silva Manuel , Giuliani Andrea , Schaltegger Urs , Chiaradia Massimo , Nowak Alexandra , Schoene Blair , Ulmer Peter , Müntener Othmar
Published: August 2024

The incremental construction of plutons characterises magmatic activity in arc settings, where new continental crust is produced. This polyphasic growth entails interactions with one or more crustal components, which modulate the geochemical and isotopic compositions of the newly formed crust. However, the early stages of magmatism are not always preserved due to obliteration by later magmatic pulses. Spatial migration of magmatism during the construction of the Adamello batholith (Northern Italy) enables the examination of the early pulses of pluton formation, thus allowing a time-integrated study of the relative importance of crystallisation-differentiation and contamination in a continental arc setting. We conducted a detailed textural, major and trace element and Sr isotopic study of plagioclase from the first intrusive pulses of the Adamello batholith, combined with new major, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of bulk rock samples across the entire Adamello batholith. We selected well-characterised samples with published CA-ID-TIMS 206Pb-238U ages and Hf isotopic composition for zircons. Strontium isotopes in plagioclase from the same samples were determined by laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS. The tonalitic samples in the early magmatic stages show elevated but constant Sr isotopic compositions despite large variations in anorthite contents (An90 to An13), indicating that crustal contamination occurred before significant differentiation. Invariant bulk-rock 87Sr/86Sr with variable SiO2 in all superunits of the Adamello batholith further supports contamination preceding significant melt differentiation. Contamination by lower crustal basement lithologies is due to the increasing thermal anomaly triggered by consecutive magmatic injections coupled with the heterogeneous and less restitic nature of the basement in the early stage of the magmatic system (i.e., before consumption of fusible components). In addition, we observe significant variability in crustal contamination proxies (e.g., 87Sr/86Srplag, 87Sr/86Srbulk, εNdbulk, εHfzircon) during the initial phases of magmatism. This variability likely reflects the uneven distribution of positive thermal anomalies in the lower crust during early magmatic stages as well as the diverse lithological and isotopic makeup of the lower crust. The processes identified in our case study are pertinent to continental arc magmatism, particularly where magmas interact with a metapelitic lower crust.
The Telecommunications Act, 2023: Solidarity Between Democracy and Totalitarianism
Authors: Mehla Akshra , Mehla Lakshay
Published: August 2024

With the coming of a surveillance culture, even minute aspects of human life are being observed, collected, analyzed, and stored by institutions in charge of surveillance. On the other hand, the same does not apply to the institutions which are surveillant of the lives of individuals. Such phenomenon can be observed via various technologies of power prevalent in societies. One such technology of power is legislation passed by the State to access, control, analyze, disseminate, or store the personal information of citizens. This article analyses the Telecommunications Act, 2023 which has been hailed as a move towards decolonization by repealing the former colonial laws over telecom services. The article discusses various attributes of the 2023 Act to analyze the means through which the usage of biometric systems of identification leads to violation of the fundamental right to privacy, as envisaged by the apex court of India in the landmark judgment of Justice K S Puttaswamy (Retd) v Union of India and other judgments before and after. The article also argues how the works of Giorgio Agamben and Didier Bigo on a permanent state of emergency being materialized through surveillance of minute aspects of human life and consequently marks a shift towards totalitarian tendencies of governance.
Investigating Blood Lead Levels and Its Health Effects on Employees of a Petroleum Industry and the Surrounding Residents
Authors: Mohammad Luay M. , Karami Manoochehr , Mehrabi Yadollah , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed , Farhang Dehghan Somayeh , Baiee Hasan A. , Rafiee Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study has been aimed to investigate factors associated with elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) across different percentiles in individuals employed in the petroleum industry and residents of Kirkuk City . In addition, to provide evidence-based approaches to mitigate exposure risks and safeguard vulnerable populations.

Methods

The study involved 357 participants and utilized quantile regression to examine BLL in petroleum industry workers and Kirkuk residents.

Results

Median BLLs were higher among workers (17.5 μg/dL) compared to residents in the city (9.9 μg/dL) and suburbs (7.4 μg/dL). Factors such as smoking, outdoor work, and lower education were associated with elevated BLLs, as confirmed by quantile regression.

Conclusions

This study found higher BLLs in petroleum workers compared to Kirkuk residents, associated with smoking, outdoor work, and lower education. The results emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policies to mitigate lead exposure risks in this industrial region.
Bootstrap Evaluation of Association Matrices (BEAM) for Integrating Multiple Omics Profiles with Multiple Outcomes
Authors: Seffernick Anna Eames , Cao Xueyuan , Cheng Cheng , Yang Wenjian , Autry Robert J. , Yang Jun J. , Pui Ching-Hon , Teachey David T. , Lamba Jatinder K. , Mullighan Charles G. , Pounds Stanley B.
Published: August 2024

Motivation

Large datasets containing multiple clinical and omics measurements for each subject motivate the development of new statistical methods to integrate these data to advance scientific discovery.

Model

We propose bootstrap evaluation of association matrices (BEAM), which integrates multiple omics profiles with multiple clinical endpoints. BEAM associates a set omic features with clinical endpoints via regression models and then uses bootstrap resampling to determine statistical significance of the set. Unlike existing methods, BEAM uniquely accommodates an arbitrary number of omic profiles and endpoints.

Results

In simulations, BEAM performed similarly to the theoretically best simple test and outperformed other integrated analysis methods. In an example pediatric leukemia application, BEAM identified several genes with biological relevance established by a CRISPR assay that had been missed by univariate screens and other integrated analysis methods. Thus, BEAM is a powerful, flexible, and robust tool to identify genes for further laboratory and/or clinical research evaluation.

Availability

Source code, documentation, and a vignette for BEAM are available on GitHub at:https://github.com/annaSeffernick/BEAMR. The R package is available from CRAN at:https://cran.r-project.org/package=BEAMR.

Contact

Stanley.Pounds@stjude.org

Supplementary Information

Supplementary data are available at the journal’s website.
SIP2 functions as the master transcription factor of thePlasmodiummerozoite formation
Authors: Nishi Tsubasa , Kaneko Izumi , Yuda Masao
Published: August 2024

Malaria, one of the most serious infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by the proliferation ofPlasmodiumparasites through repeated cycles of intraerythrocytic development. The parasite replicates via schizogony in host erythrocytes, producing multiple progeny merozoites that invade new erythrocytes to continue the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle. Although merozoite formation is the most crucial step in parasite proliferation and malaria pathogenesis, the molecular mechanism regulating merozoite formation remains unclear. SIP2 is an AP2 transcription factor expressed during schizogony and is particularly conserved among erythrocyte-infecting apicomplexan parasites. Here, we reveal that SIP2 inP. berghei(PbSIP2) functions as a transcriptional activator that regulates merozoite formation. Disruption ofpbsip2using a dimerizable Cre recombinase system resulted in developmental arrest before merozoite formation and significant downregulation of merozoite-related genes. ChIP-seq of PbSIP2 showed that it comprehensively activated merozoite-related genes by binding to previously reportedcis-regulatory elements of merozoite invasion-related genes, including the bipartite motif (TGCAN4-6GTGCA). Collectively, our results indicate that SIP2 is a transcription factor that establishes erythrocyte infectivity and may have an evolutionary origin from the common ancestor of erythrocyte-infecting apicomplexan parasites.
Impact of commercial gut health interventions on caecal metagenome and broiler performance
Authors: Pangga Gladys Maria V , Star-Shirko Banaz , Psifidi Androniki , Xia Dong , Corcionivoschi Nicolae , Kelly Carmel , Hughes Callie , Lavery Ursula , Richmond Anne , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Gundogdu Ozan
Published: August 2024

Maintaining gut health is a persistent and unresolved challenge in the poultry industry. Given the critical role of gut health in chicken performance and welfare, there is a pressing need to identify effective gut health intervention (GHI) strategies to ensure optimal outcomes in poultry farming. In this study, across three broiler production cycles, we compared the metagenomes and performance of broilers provided with ionophores as control against birds subjected to five different GHI combinations involving vaccination, probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils, and reduction of ionophore use. Using a binning strategy, 84 (≥75% completeness, ≤ 5% contamination) metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 118 caecal samples were recovered and annotated for their metabolic potential. The majority of these (n = 52, 61%) had a differential response across all cohorts and are associated with the performance parameter - European Poultry Efficiency Factor (EPEF). The control group exhibited the highest EPEF, followed closely by the cohort where probiotics are used in conjunction with vaccination. The use of Probiotics B, a commercial Bacillus strain-based formulation, was determined to contribute to the superior performance of birds. GHI supplementation generally affected abundance of microbial enzymes relating to carbohydrate and protein digestion, and metabolic pathways relating to energy, nucleotide synthesis, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and drug-transport systems. These shifts are hypothesised to differentiate performance among groups and cycles, highlighting the beneficial role of several bacteria including Rikenella microfusus and UBA7160 species. All GHIs are shown to be effective methods for gut microbial modulation, with varying influences on MAG diversity, composition and microbial functions. These metagenomic insights greatly enhance our understanding of microbiota-related metabolic pathways, enabling us to devise strategies against enteric pathogens related to poultry products and presenting new opportunities to improve overall poultry performance and health.
Ordering molecular diversity in untargeted metabolomics via molecular community networking
Authors: Coler Elizabeth A. , Melnik Alexey , Lotfi Ali , Moradi Dana , Ahiadu Ben , Portal Gomes Paulo Wender , Patan Abubaker , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Barnes Stephen , Boginski Vladimir , Semenov Alexander , Aksenov Alexander A.
Published: August 2024

Nature’s molecular diversity is not random but displays intricate organization stemming from biological necessity. Molecular networking connects metabolites with structural similarity, enabling molecular discoveries from mass spectrometry data using arbitrary similarity thresholds that can fracture natural metabolite families. We present molecular community networking (MCN), that optimizes connectivity for each metabolite, rescuing lost relationships and capturing otherwise “hidden” metabolite connections. Using MCN, we demonstrate the discovery of novel dipeptide-conjugated bile acids.
Green human resources in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review
Authors: Saad Zuria Akmal , Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf , Zulkepeli Laili , Moshood Taofeeq Durojaye , Hussain Suhaidah
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of the concept of green human resources management (GHRM) within the context of higher education institutions (HEIs). The GHRM concept has emerged from the broader environmental management concept in the last decade. Its adoption has diffused in many sectors, particularly manufacturing, but empirical studies in HEIs are lacking. HEIs, as the epitome of knowledge creation and dissemination, should lead the GHRM initiative as an example to the corporate world and the public.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach applied is based on the systematic literature review approach to draw inferences, analyze and summarize past studies based on the PRISMA method. Several research streams were identified: (1) academic and non-academic GHRM, (2) theoretical foundation, (3) qualitative and quantitative studies, and (4) green training and development.

Findings

This review discovered that GHRM implementation in HEIs leads to better sustainability efforts within academic institutions. It is relevant to stakeholders, policymakers, and HEIs’ top management to strategize in making the academic institution the torchbearer of sustainable practice and a role model for other sectors and communities.

Practical implications

This study provides implications towards the application of GHRM in HEIs to elevate academic institutions as the torchbearers for sustainability development. The implicit findings based on the research streams produced can benefit future studies in HEIs to adopt best practices in green activities, particularly GHRM. The implication of GHRM in HEIs would impart individual green, cautious, and sustainability practices holistically and comprehensively, improving behavior towards overall higher education activities involving academics, students, administrative staff, and the overall community ecosystem.

Originality/value

This study makes a significant contribution to the existing literature by systematically elucidating the role of GHRM in HEIs, providing insights for academics and policymakers seeking to promote sustainable practices.
Elevated emotions, elevated ideas: the CSR-employee creativity nexus in hospitality
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Han Heesup , Kim Minseo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The competitive nature of the hospitality industry necessitates continual adaptation and innovation. While standardization can stifle creativity, CSR has the potential to enhance employee extra-role behaviors, including creativity. The existing literature on the relationship between CSR and employee creativity is sparse, especially in developing countries, and tends to overlook the importance of emotions. This research was designed to investigate the relationship between CSR and employee creativity in the hospitality sector of an emerging economy, with a focus on the mediating effects of emotions like employee admiration and happiness and the moderating role of employees' altruistic values.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 428 hospitality employees using questionnaires. Analysis was conducted using the SMART-PLS software.

Findings

CSR has a notable influence on creativity. Emotions, specifically employee admiration and happiness, along with personal values, were found to play significant mediating and moderating roles in the CSR-employee creativity relationship.

Practical implications

The findings provide valuable insights for hospitality managers, suggesting that CSR initiatives can be leveraged to enhance competitive advantages by promoting employee creativity. The study underscores the importance of understanding the emotional and value-based dimensions of employees about CSR initiatives.

Originality/value

This research fills a critical gap in the literature, particularly in the context of emerging economies, by examining the emotional facets of the CSR-employee creativity relationship. The study’s emphasis on emotional mediators and altruistic values as moderators in the said relationship adds a unique dimension to the discourse, enriching the understanding of how CSR can influence hospitality employees' creative outcomes.
Continuous briefing for the future university campus: an evidence-based approach to match spatial supply and demand
Authors: Altınkaya Genel Özlem , den Heijer Alexandra C. , Arkesteijn Monique H.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To plan the future university campus, campus executives need decision-making support from theory and practice. Matching the static campus (supply) with the dynamic (demand) - while safeguarding spatial quality and sustainability - requires management information from similar organizations. This study presents an evidence-based briefing approach to support decision-makers of individual universities with management information when making decisions for their future campus.

Design/methodology/approach

For the proposed evidence-based briefing approach, the continuous Designing an Accommodation Strategy (DAS) framework is used in a mixed-method research design to evaluate the past to plan for the future. Five campus themes and three campus models (solid, liquid, and gas) are introduced to describe the development and diversification of university campuses and their impact across different university building types. Based on this theoretical framework, first, qualitative interview data are analyzed to understand which standards campus managers expect; second, a quantitative project database is used to demonstrate what is actually realized.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that remote working and online education will become more common. Academic workplaces and learning environments are more adaptive to changes than laboratory spaces. The analyses reveal different effective space use strategies to meet the current demand: they include space-efficient mixed-use buildings, and mono-functional generic educational and office spaces. These results show that operationalized evidence-based briefing can help design the future campus.

Originality/value

The study adds knowledge during a critical (post-COVID) period when decision-makers need evidence from others to adapt their campus management strategies to hybrid and sustainable ambitions.
French Social Democracy in Turmoil
Authors: Marlière Philippe
Published: August 2024

For decades, the Parti socialiste (PS) was the major party of the French left. It elected a president three times and was a ruling party on several occasions between 1981 and 2017, at which point it suffered crushing defeats in the 2017 presidential and legislative elections. Since then, the PS has been between a rock and a hard place: on the left, it is dominated by Jean‐Luc Mélenchon's La France Insoumise (LFI, Unbowed France) and on the right by Macron's Renaissance party. The success of both parties has a lot to do with the PS's own setbacks. Emmanuel Macron's election in 2017 was rendered possible by internal conflicts in the PS during François Hollande's term. Those who thought that Benoît Hamon's candidacy was too left‐wing that year, or those who now regard an alliance with Mélenchon as ‘illegitimate’, found refuge in Macron's party. This article aims to explain the reasons for the PS's dramatic setbacks and to explore its prospects for recovery.
The gut‐immune‐liver axis in patients with alcohol use disorder and clinically low serum zinc levels
Authors: Thakurdesai Aishwarya , Jha Suman K. , Erinkitola Iyabo , Said Aula , Joshi Thwisha , Schwandt Melanie L. , Parajuli Dipendra , Singal Ashwani K. , Kong Maiying , Cave Matthew C. , Vatsalya Vatsalya
Published: August 2024

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) with chronic and heavy alcohol consumption causes alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). Early‐stage ALD exhibits dyshomeostasis of zinc. We investigated the role of zinc deficiency in gut‐barrier dysfunction, proinflammatory response, hepatocyte injury, and death, as well as potential sex differences in AUD patients.

Methods

Thirty‐nine male and female AUD patients were grouped by normal [≥71 μg/dL (Group 1, number (n) = 26)] and low [<71 μg/dL (Group 2, n = 13)] serum zinc levels. Demographics, alcohol intake markers [Lifetime Drinking History (LTDH), heavy drinking days in the past 90‐days (HDD90), total drinks in the past 90‐days (TD90), number of drinking days in the past 90‐days (NDD90), average drinks per day in the past 90 days (AvgDPD90)] were collected. Blood samples were tested for complete blood count (CBC), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), coagulation markers, gut‐barrier dysfunction markers, cytokines, and hepatocyte death markers.

Results

Group 2 females exhibited lower LTDH than Group 2 males (p = 0.028), but higher recent drinking. Aspartate transaminase: alanine transaminase (AST:ALT) ratio was higher (p = 0.049) in Group 2 males compared to Group 1 males. Overall, Group 2 showed threefold higher interleukin 8 (IL‐8) levels than Group 1 (p = 0.92); these were sevenfold higher in Group 2 females than Group 1 females. Group 2 females also had higher K18M65, but lower K18M30 than Group 1 females. Necrotic type of cell death (K18M65) was well‐described only in Group 2 by the arrangement of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) (R2 = 0.633, p = 0.037).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated the role of the gut‐immune‐liver axis in describing hepatocyte injury and death in zinc‐deficient AUD patients. These patients represented an arrangement of gut‐barrier dysfunction and an exacerbated immune response. Shift in the cell‐death mechanism from apoptosis in zinc‐replete females to necrosis in zinc‐deficient females suggests a subclinical to clinical transition of ALD associated with zinc status.
Optogenetic inhibition of light‐captured alcohol‐taking striatal engrams facilitates extinction and suppresses reinstatement
Authors: Vierkant Valerie , Xie Xueyi , Huang Zhenbo , He Lian , Bancroft Eric , Wang Xuehua , Nguyen Tran , Srinivasan Rahul , Zhou Yubin , Wang Jun
Published: August 2024

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex condition, and it remains unclear which specific neuronal substrates mediate alcohol‐seeking and ‐taking behaviors. Engram cells and their related ensembles, which encode learning and memory, may play a role in this process. We aimed to assess the precise neural substrates underlying alcohol‐seeking and ‐taking behaviors and determine how they may affect one another.

Methods

Using FLiCRE (Fast Light and Calcium‐Regulated Expression; a newly developed technique which permits the trapping of acutely activated neuronal ensembles) and operant self‐administration (OSA), we tagged striatal neurons activated during alcohol‐taking behaviors. We used FLiCRE to express an inhibitory halorhodopsin in alcohol‐taking neurons, permitting loss‐of‐function manipulations.

Results

We found that the inhibition of OSA‐tagged alcohol‐taking neurons decreased both alcohol‐seeking and ‐taking behaviors in future OSA trials. In addition, optogenetic inhibition of these OSA‐tagged alcohol‐taking neurons during extinction training facilitated the extinction of alcohol‐seeking behaviors. Furthermore, inhibition of these OSA‐tagged alcohol‐taking neurons suppressed the reinstatement of alcohol‐seeking behaviors, but, interestingly, it did not significantly suppress alcohol‐taking behaviors during reinstatement.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that alcohol‐taking neurons are crucial for future alcohol‐seeking behaviors during extinction and reinstatement. These results may help in the development of new therapeutic approaches to enhance extinction and suppress relapse in individuals with AUD.
Key factors that influence quality of life in patients with IgE‐mediated food allergy vary by age
Authors: Kubala Stephanie A. , Young Fernanda D. , Callier Viviane , Rasooly Marjohn M. , Dempsey Caeden , Brittain Erica , Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio Pamela A.
Published: August 2024

Background

While food allergy (FA) can be fatal, the greatest public health impact of FA arguably lies in its detrimental effect on quality of life (FAQOL). Understanding the factors that contribute to FAQOL at different ages is essential to develop personalized interventions that will improve FAQOL.

Objective

To determine the most influential factors that impact FAQOL across ages in well‐phenotyped participants with confirmed FA.

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐five individuals aged 2–28 years with IgE‐mediated FA completed validated age‐specific FAQOL questionnaires. The relationship between demographic/clinical variables and scores were analyzed to identify key predictors of FAQOL.

Results

Poor FAQOL was associated with increasing age, strict avoidance practices, reactions to trace exposures, and more severe reactions as assessed by epinephrine use, anaphylaxis, and/or treatment in the emergency department; FAQOL improved with time from the event. FAQOL was worse in subjects avoiding >2 versus ≤2 foods and in those avoiding milk, egg, soy, sesame, or wheat. Number of foods avoided had greatest impact on children ages 2–7 years, while total number of allergic reactions strongly impacted FAQOL in teens and adults; FAQOL of subjects ages 8–12 years appeared less affected by these variables compared to other age groups. A decision tree analysis identified key predictors of overall FAQOL (age, number of food avoidances, and time since epinephrine use) that can be used to guide intervention strategies to improve FAQOL.

Conclusion

We directly compared FAQOL in extensively phenotyped children, teenagers, and adults with confirmed IgE‐mediated FA. Age; timing, number, and severity of reactions; type and number of FA; and food avoidance practices influence FAQOL and should guide intervention strategies.
Pre‐operative pectoralis muscle area index is associated with biomarkers of inflammation and endotoxemia and predicts clinical outcomes after left ventricular assist device implantation: A cohort study
Authors: Carey Matthew R. , Ladanyi Annamaria , Nishikawa Mia , Bordon Abraham , Leb Jay S. , Pinsino Alberto , Driggin Elissa , Latif Farhana , Sayer Gabriel T. , Clerkin Kevin J. , Takeda Koji , Uriel Nir , Colombo Paolo C. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana
Published: August 2024

Background

Pre‐left ventricular assist device (LVAD) pectoralis muscle assessment, an estimate of sarcopenia, has been associated with postoperative mortality and gastrointestinal bleeding, though its association with inflammation, endotoxemia, length‐of‐stay (LOS), and readmissions remains underexplored.

Methods

This was a single‐center cohort study of LVAD patients implanted 1/2015–10/2018. Preoperative pectoralis muscle area was measured on chest computed tomography (CT), adjusted for height squared to derive pectoralis muscle area index (PMI). Those with PMI in the lowest quintile were defined as low‐PMI cohort; all others constituted the reference cohort. Biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin‐6, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNFα]) and endotoxemia (soluble (s)CD14) were measured in a subset of patients.

Results

Of the 254 LVAD patients, 95 had a preoperative chest CT (median days pre‐LVAD: 7 [IQR 3–13]), of whom 19 (20.0%) were in the low‐PMI cohort and the remainder were in the reference cohort. Compared with the reference cohort, the low‐PMI cohort had higher levels of sCD14 (2594 vs. 1850 ng/mL; p = 0.04) and TNFα (2.9 vs. 1.9 pg/mL; p = 0.03). In adjusted analyses, the low‐PMI cohort had longer LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.56 [95% confidence interval 1.16–2.10], p = 0.004) and higher risk of 90‐day and 1‐year readmissions (subhazard ratio 5.48 [1.88–16.0], p = 0.002; hazard ratio 1.73 [1.02–2.94]; p = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions

Pre‐LVAD PMI is associated with inflammation, endotoxemia, and increased LOS and readmissions.
Adipocyte endothelin B receptor activation inhibits adiponectin production and causes insulin resistance in obese mice
Authors: Rivera‐Gonzalez Osvaldo , Mills Megumi F. , Konadu Bridget D. , Wilson Natalie A. , Murphy Hayley A. , Newberry Madison K. , Hyndman Kelly A. , Garrett Michael R. , Webb David J. , Speed Joshua S.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is elevated in patients with obesity and adipose tissue of obese mice fed high‐fat diet (HFD); however, its contribution to the pathophysiology of obesity is not fully understood. Genetic loss of endothelin type B receptors (ETB) improves insulin sensitivity in rats and leads to increased circulating adiponectin, suggesting that ETB activation on adipocytes may contribute to obesity pathophysiology. We hypothesized that elevated ET‐1 in obesity promotes insulin resistance by reducing the secretion of insulin sensitizing adipokines, via ETB receptor.

Methods

Male adipocyte‐specific ETB receptor knockout (adETBKO), overexpression (adETBOX), or control littermates were fed either normal diet (NMD) or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks.

Results

RNA‐sequencing of epididymal adipose (eWAT) indicated differential expression of over 5500 genes (p < 0.05) in HFD compared to NMD controls, and changes in 1077 of these genes were attenuated in HFD adETBKO mice. KEGG analysis indicated significant increase in metabolic signaling pathway. HFD adETBKO mice had significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared to HFD control. In addition, adETBKO attenuated changes in plasma adiponectin, insulin, and leptin that is observed in HFD versus NMD control mice. Treatment of primary adipocytes with ET‐1 caused a reduction in adiponectin production that was attenuated in cells pretreated with an ETB antagonist.

Conclusion

These data indicate elevated ET‐1 in adipose tissue of mice fed HFD inhibits adiponectin production and causes insulin resistance through activation of the ETB receptor on adipocytes.
Reverse chewing patterns in patients with bilateral posterior crossbite are related to the occlusal features of the malocclusion
Authors: Piancino Maria Grazia , De Biase Corrado , Di Benedetto Laura , Chaurasia Akhilanand , Vallelonga Teresa , Tortarolo Alessandro
Published: August 2024

Background

Bilateral posterior crossbite (BPXB) is a severe malocclusion associated with maxillary hypoplasia. BPXB may involve the same or a different number of teeth between the sides.

Objectives

To evaluate the masticatory function in BPXB and the association between the masticatory alterations and the occlusal features of BPXB.

Methods

This observational study included 170 participants: 130 patients with BPXB (65 occlusally symmetric BPXB, i.e. same number and type of posterior teeth in crossbite between the sides, F = 33, M = 32, median age 9.6 (8.2–13) [years.months]; 65 patients occlusally asymmetric BPXB, F = 30, M = 35, median age 9.9 (8.3–13.6)) and 40 controls (F = 25, M = 15, median age 10.2 (9.4–11.6)). The masticatory function was evaluated by the detection of the Reverse Chewing Cycles (RCCs) recorded with a kinesiograph using standardised soft and hard boluses.

Results

The frequency of RCCs was significantly increased in all BPXB patients compared to controls (p < .000). In symmetric BPXB patients, there were no significant differences in the frequency of RCCs during chewing on the left or the right side. In asymmetric BPXB patients, the frequency of RCCs was significantly increased during chewing on the side with relatively more teeth in crossbite (p < .000).

Conclusions

The masticatory function was significantly altered in all BPXB patients and it was differently affected by symmetric or asymmetric occlusal features of the malocclusion.
Chromatin and gene regulation in archaea
Authors: Blombach Fabian , Werner Finn
Published: August 2024

The chromatinisation of DNA by nucleoid‐associated proteins (NAPs) in archaea ‘formats’ the genome structure in profound ways, revealing both striking differences and analogies to eukaryotic chromatin. However, the extent to which archaeal NAPs actively regulate gene expression remains poorly understood. The dawn of quantitative chromatin mapping techniques and first NAP‐specific occupancy profiles in different archaea promise a more accurate view. A picture emerges where in diverse archaea with very different NAP repertoires chromatin maintains access to regulatory motifs including the gene promoter independently of transcription activity. Our re‐analysis of genome‐wide occupancy data of the crenarchaeal NAP Cren7 shows that these chromatin‐free regions are flanked by increased Cren7 binding across the transcription start site. While bacterial NAPs often form heterochromatin‐like regions across islands with xenogeneic genes that are transcriptionally silenced, there is little evidence for similar structures in archaea and data from Haloferax show that the promoters of xenogeneic genes remain accessible. Local changes in chromatinisation causing wide‐ranging effects on transcription restricted to one chromosomal interaction domain (CID) in Saccharolobus islandicus hint at a higher‐order level of organisation between chromatin and transcription. The emerging challenge is to integrate results obtained at microscale and macroscale, reconciling molecular structure and function with dynamic genome‐wide chromatin landscapes.