bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of correlation of presence of microalbuminuria to target organ damage in essential hypertension cases
Authors: Bhole Pragati , Aher Archana
Published: November 2018

Background: Critical amount of urinary albumin excretion has long been reported to be one strong predictor of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. Very few studies have been conducted till now depicting correlation of microalbuminuria and target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension, except cardiovascular events. We evaluated the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension and its relationship with target organ damage.Methods: Total 120 patients of essential hypertension were studied. Prevalence of urinary albumin excretion and its correlation to target organ damage (left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy and stroke) was analysed. Urinary albumin excretion was assessed by turbidimetry method and microalbuminuria was assessed by urine albumin to creatinine ratio.Results: Microalbuminuria was found to be present in 57.7% patients. Target organ damage was observed in 62.5% (75) patients, out of which 78.66% patients had associated microalbuminuria (p <0.05). Amongst them, higher prevalence was observed in patients with longer duration and greater severity of hypertension, increased body mass index and dyslipidemia.Conclusions: Microalbuminuria assessment in hypertensive patients is an important test for the evaluation of target organ damage. Optimal management of hypertension, weight control, and maintenance of normal lipid levels leads to decreased risk of microalbuminuria.
Effects of Mixing Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: BALIK Gül , YILMAZ Mehmet , KÖK Baha Vural , ALATAŞ Taner
Published: November 2018

In this study, the effects of mixing temperature on the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) were investigated. 5% Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and 18% America Gilsonite were used as binder modifiers. HMA samples were prepared at the mixing temperatures 10°C, 15°C, and 20°C lower temperatures than the mixing temperature. Marshall Stability and flow, resistance to moisture-induced damage and indirect tensile fatigue tests were conducted on the hot mix asphalt samples. As a result of the experimental study, it was determined that the use of additives increased the performance of the HMAs. In addition, it was determined that, in general, the stability, Marshall quotient, indirect tensile strength and fatigue life of the mixtures decreased and the flow values increased with decreased mixing temperature.
Rotary Inertia and Higher Modes Effect on the Dynamic Response of Timoshenko Beams on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation
Authors: HIZAL Çağlayan , ÇATAL Hikmet Hüseyin
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the dynamic response of the axially loaded
Timoshenko beams on two-parameter foundation with generalized elastic end
conditions. A simplified modal analysis procedure is presented for the
vibration analysis by using the conventional separation of variables method.
The effects of higher modes and rotary inertia on the dynamic response of the
forced Timoshenko beam are highlighted. A numerical example is presented to
compare the modal responses of bending moment and shear force of the beams on
Winkler and Vlasov type foundations with and without the rotary inertia effect.
Efficient Dynamic Analysis of Foundation via a Coupled Axisymmetric SBFEM-3D FEM
Authors: ASLMAND Mojtaba , KANI Iradj Mahmoudzadeh , GENES Mehmet Cemal
Published: November 2018

An axisymmetric scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) for the elastodynamic analysis of 3D layered continua is derived in frequency domain. The general three-dimensional unbounded domain can be divided into a number of independent two-dimensional problems and this analysis offers considerable savings in storage and computation times as compared to a full three-dimensional analysis. A new coupled formulation has been established to match the axi-symmetrically modeled unbounded far field to a general 3D finite element of the near field. The derived formulation will be used for frequency domain analysis of foundation embedded in or resting on a layered elastic soil supported by the surface of rigid bedrock. The dynamic response calculated using the proposed method is compared with analytical or numerical solutions. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed new method.
Análisis de la presunción de daño moral que beneficia a ciertas víctimas indirectas en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa colombiana
Authors: Martínez Benavides Nicolás Enrique
Published: November 2018

Este artículo estudia la presunción de daño moral a favor de las víctimas indirectas en la jurisdicción contencioso administrativa. En primer término se analizan las diversas teorías en torno a la prueba del daño moral. Posteriormente se dan las razones por las cuales la prueba del daño moral de algunas víctimas indirectas corresponde a una presunción y no a un indicio. El artículo finaliza explicando las razones por las cuales la estructura de presunción conduce a indemnizar daños inciertos, además de resultar discriminatoria frente a modelos de familia no tradicionales.
Orden de condena de perjuicios en abstracto en la acción de tutela: subreglas en su inaplicación en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional
Authors: Yáñez Meza Diego Armando , Pabón Giraldo Liliana Damaris , Santos Ibarra Jennifer Patricia
Published: November 2018

El gran alcance de la orden del juez de tutela en Colombia ha permitido en innumerables asuntos, y no solo en el texto de alguna providencia, la materialización de los derechos en la vida de las personas, al otorgarse las más diversas prestaciones, bien se trate de particulares o de quienes ejercen función administrativa. Dentro de esta tipología de órdenes se identifica la orden de condena de perjuicios en abstracto, que, aunque se encuentra consagrada en el decreto estatutario que regula la materia, ha sido poco utilizada por los jueces de tutela y la Corte Constitucional. Tratándose de una tipología de orden de la que se derivan consecuencias económicas para el demandado, y ante una realidad como la colombiana donde existe una sistemática amenaza y vulneración de derechos fundamentales, esta investigación persigue establecer la(s) subregla(s) que se descubre(n) desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y que motiva la reducida aplicación de esta orden en sede de tutela. Lo anterior por cuanto, al tratarse de la tutela de los derechos fundamentales, la orden de condena de perjuicios en abstracto amplía su ámbito de protección, al punto de erigirse en la orden más poderosa del juez de tutela.
La diferencia entre nacionales y residentes en el impuesto sobre la renta: análisis de una reforma inacabada a partir de un caso práctico desde la Ley 1607 de 2012
Authors: Carmona Movilla Luis Alberto
Published: November 2018

A partir de la reforma tributaria Ley 1607 de 2012, el Estado colombiano reformó el sistema tributario de las personas naturales y se realizó una separación entre los nacionales y extranjeros, y residentes y no residentes. Sin embargo, los cambios no se implementaron en todo el Estatuto Tributario (et), lo que ocasionó problemas jurídicos a los nacionales colombianos no residentes que vienen a trabajar a su país de origen, los cuales corresponde analizar en el presente escrito. En este sentido, para llevar a cabo el análisis planteado, es necesario abordar de manera crítica las siguientes situaciones: la obligación formal de declarar, las retenciones en la fuente, la ley de trabajador migratorio, los convenios para evitar la doble imposición y la forma de depurar la renta de los no residentes. Además de los resultados del análisis, se plantea una propuesta para solucionar estas situaciones. Ahora bien, el presente artículo aborda la problemática en cuestión antes de la reforma tributaria de 2012 (Ley 1607), después de la misma y luego de las modificaciones de la Ley 1819 de 2016, por medio del análisis de caso.
Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Genggam Jari Terhadap Tingkat Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea Di Ruangan Kebidanan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Poso
Authors: Djala Fany Lairin , Tahulending Dwi Yut
Published: November 2018

Latar Belakang : Nyeri merupakan sesuatu yang tidak menyenangkan yang hanya dapat diungkapkan oleh individu yang mengalaminya. Salah satu terapi nonfarmakologi untuk mengatasi nyeri adalah tekhnik relaksasi genggam jari. Berdasarkan hasil studi awal yang di lakuakan di ruang kebidanan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Poso melalui wawancara, perawat atau pun bidan belum pernah melakukan teknik relaksasi gengam jari pada pasien yang telah di lakukan Sectio sesarea. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik relaksasi genggam jari terhadap tingkat nyeri pada pasien post sectio caesarea di ruang  kebidanan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Poso tahun 2017. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasy experiment dengan desain pada penelitian ini adalah quasi Experiment pre post test design with control group. Subyek penelitian adalah pasien post operasi Sectio sesarea yang dirawat di ruang kebidanan. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik Accidental Sampling berjumlah 32 responden. Data diambil dengan menggunakan visual (visual rating scale)  dan analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon dengan nilai signifikansi P-value 95% (p= 0,05).  Hasil : Ada Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Genggam Jari Terhadap Tingkat Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea yaitu (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh teknik relaksasi genggam jari terhadap tingkat nyeri pada pasien post sectio caesarea.

 

Kata Kunci  : Nyeri, Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea, Teknik Relaksasi Genggam Jari

 
Fortalecimiento del pensamiento variacional a través de una intervención mediada con TIC en estudiantes de grado noveno
Authors: Martínez-López Leonardo Geiner , Gualdrón-Pinto Elgar
Published: November 2018

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa en el área de matemáticas, en la cual se trató el desarrollo del pensamiento variacional en estudiantes de noveno grado, 14 a 17 años, usando para tal fin secuencias didácticas diseñadas para el estudio y mediadas con TIC. El estudio contempló tres etapas: un diagnóstico inicial que permitió identificar el nivel de presaberes en aritmética y en pensamiento variacional, basado en los indicadores definidos en las pruebas saber; una intervención con las secuencias didácticas diseñadas, las cuales se ajustaron al plan de área institucional y orientando algunas actividades de aprendizaje al análisis de situaciones de variación y cambio; un diagnóstico final que evaluó el nivel alcanzado por el grupo de estudiantes participantes. El análisis de los resultados permite sugerir que la intervención generó cambios significativos en el grupo de estudiantes en lo relacionado al pensamiento variacional.
Sintonización de un controlador de temperatura a través de un autómata programable
Authors: Cera-Martínez Daniel , Ortiz-Sandoval Jesús Eduardo , Gualdrón-Guerrero Oscar Eduardo
Published: November 2018

La implementación de controladores PID en la industria tiene como principal dificultad la programación de los autómatas encargados de los procesos, lo que usualmente se traduce en controladores on-off sin ningún tipo de sintonización. El objetivo de la investigación fue el establecer el rendimiento de algunas técnicas de sintonización de constantes, en un controlador lógico programable comercial, evaluándolas de forma práctica en un sistema temperado. El sistema está compuesto por un recipiente con agua, un controlador PID en el PLC s7-300, haciendo uso del módulo de control de temperatura Siemens FM 355-2C, una resistencia calefactora AC como actuador (controlada por voltaje DC), y termocupla tipo E como sensor de temperatura. El modelo matemático del sistema, así como las constantes del controlador PID, se obtuvieron a través del módulo PID Tuner de Matlab. Las técnicas de identificación estudiadas fueron: la red neuronal MLP, la red auto-regresiva no lineal con entradas exógenas (NARX) y la red neuro-difusa (ANFIS). Los resultados indican que las técnicas anteriores son adecuadas para sintonizar un controlador PID, siendo aplicables en procesos industriales.
Anti- Inflammatory and Diuretic Activities of Ethanolic Extracts Of Smilax anceps Wild
Authors: Osuagwu G. G. E  , Osuagwu A.N.  , Udogu F. O.  , Ukoji N. A.
Published: November 2018

The anti- inflammatory and diuretic activities of ethanolic extracts of Smilax anceps Wild was studied. Leaves of the plant were collected from the premises of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Umuahia. The leaves were sun-dried for eight days, ground and macerated in 300ml of ethanol and left to stand for 24 hours. The solution was thereafter filtered using No 1 Whatman filter paper and allowed to evaporate to dryness, to obtain the extract used for the study. Twenty adult rats were used for this investigation. They were allowed to acclimatize to the environment for two weeks. The extracts were administered to the rats at doses of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. The administration was by intra-peritoneal during the diuretic test and orally during anti-inflammatory test. For the anti-inflammatory test, aspirin was used as positive control and normal saline as negative control. In the diuretic test, four standard drugs (Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolacetone and Acetazolamide) and normal saline served as control. The results obtained indicate that the plant extracts significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the inflammation of the hind paws of the rats showing that the extracts had an anti-inflammatory effect. The rate of inhibition increased with increase in the concentration of the extracts. The plant extracts also significantly (P<0.05) increased the volume of urine produced by the rats, indicating that the leaves had diuretic effect. Higher volumes of urine were produced as the concentration of the extracts increased. The results obtained showed that ethanolic leaf extracts of Smilax anceps have potential anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties, hence could be utilized in the treatment of inflammation and diuretic problems.
Evaluation of Physio-chemical and Antipyretic activity of Ananda Bhairava Rasa
Authors: Dr. Varsha N  , Dr. Jeevesh K.B.
Published: November 2018

Ayurveda is one of the systems of medicine in the world. Among so many systems of medicine it has its own identities. Ananda Bhairava Rasa is one such formulation explained in the Classical text Sidha Prayoga Latika found to be effective in Jwara. The aim of the present study was to develop Ananda Bhairava Rasa and evaluates its physicochemical and antipyretic activity. Raw materials were screened and collected. Preparation of Ananda Bhairava Rasa as per the Classical text Sidha Prayoga Latika was done. The physico-chemical properties namely Hardness, uniform weight, friability, losson drying, water soluble extractive value, alcholo soluble extractive value, moisture content, pH, total ash, acid soluble ash and disintegration time of Ananda Bhairava Rasa were determined. The antipyretic activity of Ananda Bhairava Rasa vatis were evaluated against brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia on Albino rats. The findings of physico-chemical properties of Ananda Bhairava Rasa were under normal value. The Ananda Bhairava Rasa vatis demonstrated significant antipyretic activity.
Rhizobacteria Suppress Fusarium wilt and Early Blight Diseases in Tomato Grown with Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Adedire O. M.  , Fajobi A. K.  , Ibitoye D. O.  , Osesusi A. O.  , Pitan A. A.
Published: November 2018

Due to the established toxic effects of agrochemical accumulation in humans, there is an increasing demand for organic agricultural production in Nigeria. The production of highly nutritious and daily consumed crops like tomato through organic farming (using biosupplements) would go a long way in reducing the risks associated with the consumption of inorganic pesticides and fertilizers. In order to investigate the effects of rhizobacterial biosupplement on the resistance and yield of tomato grown with organic fertilizers, the predominant rhizosphere bacteria associated with healthy tomato isolated in this study (Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus macerans and Bacillus cereus) were added as a consortium to improve the availability of organic nutrients to plants. Performance measures including the numbers of fruit, branches, leaves, plant height, days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering at 20.00, 17.67, 176.33, 73.33 cm, 70.43 and 78.00 were all better (higher or lower) in treated tomato plants than untreated set. A significant reduction in percentage prevalence was recorded for Fusarium wilt, as well as Early blight diseases on treated plants (seed treatment with rhizobacterial consortium) compared to plants grown from untreated seeds. However, seed treatment appeared to be less effective in the treatment of Bacterial wilt disease of tomato, with percentage prevalence of 41.70 and 42.90 recorded for treated and untreated plants at nine weeks after planting respectively. It could be concluded that the application of rhizobacterial consortium (as seed treatment) improved the yield and resistance of tomato to Fusarium wilt and Early blight diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani respectively.
Voyage into Curcumin Embedded Delivery Systems of Natural Polymers to Ameliorate Solubility and Bioavailability Limitations
Authors: Roopa G  , Roopa Karki  , Jayanthi C  , Mukunthan S  , Hanumanthachar Joshi  , Goli Divakar
Published: November 2018

The turmeric (Curcuma longa) plant, a perennial herb of the ginger family, is an agronomic crop in south and southeast tropical Asia. The rhizome is coined as the most useful part of the plant and a staple in all cooking and treatment of medicinal purposes include antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory. It has a wide array of affinity to biological proteins and inhibits various kinases. Curcumin modulates the activity of several transcription factors, regulates the functioning of inflammatory enzymes, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and apoptic proteins. Recent preclinical and animal studies revealed the anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and antiangiogenic activity5,6. Clinically, Curcumin is proven to be safe while administering at larger doses, but due to poor aqueous solubility, quick systemic elimination, scanty tissue absorption and degradation at alkaline pH, which restrains its bioavailability, following strategies are used to enhance the bioavailability: (i) adjuvants like piperine which interferes with glucuronidation, (ii) liposomal curcumin, (iii) nanoparticles, (iv) Curcumin phospholipid complex and (v) structural analogues of curcumin. (VI) Micronisation and nanonisation (VII) self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS), (vii) cyclodextrin inclusions, (IX) solid dispersions (X) Nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanobeads, nanofibres7. The intention of this comprehension is to present a retrospective and prospective gist of applications of innovative delivery systems of Curcumin employed by the researchers to optimize Curcumin delivery using natural polymers with the objective of enhancing solubility and bioavailability, which might revolutionize the therapy of challenging chronic disorders of mankind.
Yo estudio para ser ingeniero: ¿para qué cursar administración y contabilidad?
Authors: Damián Simón Javier
Published: November 2018

Actualmente se impulsan temas transversales en el currículo de las ingenierías para otorgarles un valor agregado a sus egresados y para responder a las nuevas exigencias del mercado del trabajo. La investigación tuvo como objetivo principal conocer las opiniones de los estudiantes de ingeniería sobre el grado de contribución de las asignaturas económico administrativas en su formación académica. Mediante un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo se estudiaron las opiniones de 23 estudiantes de ingeniería que cursaron durante un año las asignaturas de administración y contabilidad misma que forman parte de la currícula. Se encontró que los estudiantes muestran un desarrollo muy marcado de su identidad profesional como ingenieros lo que condiciona su nivel de aceptación de las asignaturas distintas a su perfil profesional, pues desde su imaginario no les otorgan utilidad alguna, sin embargo, cuando los profesores seleccionan apropiadamente los recursos didácticos y el proceso de enseñanza es ajustado a un perfil de ingeniería, los estudiantes empiezan a reconocer el aporte de dichas asignaturas en su formación universitaria mismas que les proporcionan las bases para enfrentarse a las nuevas exigencias como futuros ingenieros en actividades que van más allá de lo de carácter técnico.
El rol de las universidades peruanas frente a la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico
Authors: Medina Coronado Daniela
Published: November 2018

En el marco de la actual Ley Universitaria 30220 y los procesos que implican su implementación en búsqueda de la calidad de la educación superior universitaria, surge el presente artículo, el que tiene como propósito brindar un acercamiento al lector sobre lo que deberían realizar y lo que vienen haciendo las universidades peruanas para el cumplimiento de una de sus funciones fundamentales, la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se realiza la revisión de diferentes fuentes documentales a partir de los componentes del quehacer investigativo que refiere el Manual de Frascati: la enseñanza y formación científica,  la investigación y desarrollo y los servicios científicos tecnológicos.
Skrining Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Terhadap Salmonella Typhi Resisten Kloramfenikol
Authors: Trisharyanti Ika
Published: November 2018

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi, antibiotic chloramphenicol can be use to treatment, but S. typhi resistant with antibiotic choramphenicol so need to alternative treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of ten leaves against Salmonella typhi, and knowing the compounds contained in extracts of leaves that have the best antibacterial activity. The leaves was extracted with  ethanol 96% by maceration method. Screening antibacterial activity used disk diffusion method with 10% extract concentration. The best antibacterial activity was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration used liquid dilution method, identification test of compounds with thin-layer chromatograpy (TLC), and bioautografi test. There were six extracts had antibacterial activity against S. Typhi, Phaleria macrocarpa leaves, Acalypha siamensis leaves, cherry leaves, clove leaves, tea leaves, and Eugenia polyantha leaves. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration from clove leaf extract was 2,5%. The results of identification by TLC compounds were alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, and saponins. Based on bioautografi test,  phenolic can inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi.
Effectiveness Of Watery Extract And Ethanolic Extract Of Garlic Bulbs (Allium sativum L.) For Second Degree Burns Healing On Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Zakiah Noni
Published: November 2018

Bulbs of garlic has been known to contain a compound that is potentially as alternative medicine for burns. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the water extract and ethanolic extract of garlic bulbs on second degree burn healing in mice. The test was conducted on 12 male mices divided using a completely randomized design (CRD) into 4 treatment groups consisting of P-1 without any treatment, P-2 by administering Bioplacenton®, P-3 with ethanolic extract and P-4 with watery extract. Lab studies have shown the average percentages of recovery for 18 days for P-2, P-3 and P-4, were 48%, 60% and 63% respectively. One way ANOVA test results obtained p value = 0.011 (p <0.05), it means there were differences in the healing duration of burns in four treatment groups. LSD test results showed that the group which had significant relationship were P-1 and P-4 wherein the Mean Difference was 0.90000. Thus it can be concluded that the group P-4 which is a water extract group was the most effective for the second degree burns healing.
Optimization Emulgator Composition Of Water In Oil Emulsion Of Strawberry Fruits (Fragaria vesca L.) Based On Simplex Lattice Design Method
Authors: Ermawati Dian Eka
Published: November 2018

Strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) fruits contains nutrients that was beneficial to health because rich of antioxidant such as anthocyanin and flavonoids. Concentration of anthocyanins and flavonoids in strawberry during process would decline respectively 53% for pelargonidin3-O-glucoside and 40% for flavonoid. Water-oil emulsion consists of water and oil components were not mixed with each other, thus requiring emulgator to create a system that was homogeneous and stabilize the the antioxidants in strawberry.

Emulgator that used in this study were : span 80, croduret 50 ss, and propylene glycol. They were optimized to know their combination in order to gain each portion of components which would produce an optimum formula of water/oil emulsion with good physical stability and stabilize the antioxidants ingredient. The optimization with Simplex Lattice Design method using Design Expert® software 7.1.5. Low limit and upper limit each components of emulgator were 1:1:1. The results of the responses of physical parameter were viscosity, separation ratio (F), and diameter of emulsion globule.
Water/oil emulsion of strawberry that use emulgators : 2% Span80, 4% croduret 50 ss, and 2% propylene glycol produced a physically stable emulsion with the observation results had no significant difference to the prediction of Simplex Lattice Design. The observation results of viscosity value was -0.85 log P.as, 1.59 μm diameter of emulsion globule, and 0.99 cm of separation ratio (F). The prediction value were -0.56 log P.as of viscosity, diameter of emulsion globule of 3.26 μm and 0.97 cm of separation ratio (F). Strawberry fruits contains 23.3% of flavonoid, and 13.23% of anthocyanin. The optimum formula had 20% of flavonoids and 11.67% of anthocyanin. Combination of emulgator can stable the antioxidant compound of strawbbery fruits into water/oil emulsion formula. The consentration of antioxidant compounds decreased just ± 14% after formulation process.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Rawat Jalan Tentang Penggunaan Antibiotika di Puskesmas Wilayah Karanganyar
Authors: Dewi Mahardhika Adi Chandra , Farida Yeni
Published: November 2018

Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang antibiotik merupakan faktor resiko meningkatnya tingkat resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan pasien rawat jalan tentang penggunaan antibiotika di wilayah kota dan pinggiran Karanganyar, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan responden. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian analitik non eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Cross-Sectional Study. Sampel diperoleh menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kuesioner diisi oleh 225 pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Ngargoyoso dan 281 pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Karanganyar.  Data  yang diperoleh dikelompokkan menjadi data karakteristik pasien terutama tingkat pendidikan (diukur dengan Chi Square) dan data pengetahuan (diukur dengan karakterisasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di kedua Puskesmas Wilayah Karanganyar memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang tinggi yaitu >75% (Puskesmas Ngargoyoso  sebanyak 76,4% (172 orang) dan di Puskesmas Karanganyar sebanyak 81,8% (230 orang) mempunyai pengetahuan tinggi). Hasil analisis menggunakan Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa di kedua lokasi (Puskesmas Karanganyar dan Puskesmas Ngargoyoso) terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan responden dengan tingkat pengetahuan responden tentang penggunaan antibiotika (p value < 0,05). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tingkat pengetahuan pasien rawat jalan tentang penggunaan antibiotika di 2 Puskesmas Kabupaten Karanganyar tergolong tinggi.
Uji Daya Hambat Berbagai Merek Hand Sanitizer Gel Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rini Eka Puspita , Nugraheni Estu Retnaningtyas
Published: November 2018

Hand sanitizer merupakan zat antiseptik dengan kandungan zat aktif berupa alkohol dan bahan antimikroba lain yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif pada tangan. Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri Gram negatif sedangkan Staphylococcus aureus merupakan baktei Gram positif  dan keduanya secara alami tumbuh pada tubuh dan kulit manusia. Jumlah konsumen hand sanitizer meningkat karena cara pemakaian yang praktis tanpa memerlukan adanya sumber air.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat 5 merek hand sanitizer gel terhadap E. coli dan S. aureus serta menganalisis faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan konsumen dalam membeli hand sanitizer dengan merek tertentu. Penelitian dengan 2 metode yaitu uji aktivitas antimikroba melalui terbentuknya zona hambat  hand sanitizer terhadap mikroba uji  dan analisis waktu penghambatan optimum terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba di telapak tangan. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan penyebaran  kuisionair dengan teknik accidental sampling.
            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 merek yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan E.coli dengan aktivitas sedang hingga kuat, dan semua merek hand sanitizer mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus dengan aktivitas kuat hingga sangat kuat. Dari hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa data terdistribusi normal dan  memenuhi syarat untuk melakukan uji parametrik One Way Annova. Hasil akhir menunjukkan nilai sig p < 0,005 terhadap penghambatan S. aureus dan E. Coli, sehingga terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara sampel hand sanitizer terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dan E. coli. Hasil pengujian waktu penghambatan optimum terhadap mikroba di telapak tangan menunjukkan penurusan jumlah koloni bakteri pada rentang waktu 0 hingga 12 menit. Dari hasil pengecatan gram diperoleh hasil bahwa mikroba pada telapak tangan tersebut bersifat gram positif, bentuk kokus, susunan menggerombol dan diperkirakan adalah S.aureus
AN ARDUINO UNO BASED BIOSENSOR FOR WATER POLLUTION MONITORING USING IMMOBILISED ALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS
Authors: Umarl Lazuardi , Setiadi Rahmondia Nanda , Hamzah Yanuar , Linda Tetty Marta
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a simple biosensor for observing the dissolved oxygen (DO) production in water. The measuring process is implemented using the biochips G connected with a biosensor module and electronic circuit to detect the changes of dissolved oxygen in real time measurement. Initial test was completed to observe the biochip response to the different oxygenated water solution. A light and dark experiment with ON/OFF phase of 20 minutes illumination period was realized to stimulate the green algae Chlorella vulgaris photosynthesis process to DO rate. The results show Biochip G using algae Chlorella vulgaris response to environmental changing conditions in the form of relationship between output voltage and DO rate the solution.
Construyendo el concepto de la resiliencia: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Barrero Plazas Ángela María , Riaño Ospina Karen Tatiana , Rincón Rojas Lina Paola
Published: November 2018

Este articulo expone una revisión bibliográfica de la resiliencia como proceso transformador que se ha venido consolidando a través del tiempo y que surge a partir de la psicología positiva. Ofrece, además, algunas reflexiones finales para clarificar el concepto de resiliencia, pese a sus múltiples usos e interpretaciones, a partir del lente del sociólogo Stefan Vanistendael, quién brinda una comprensión más holística e integral de su significado.
Water governance impacts on water adequacy in smallholder irrigation schemes in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
Authors: Dirwai T. L. , Senzanje A. , Mudhara M.
Published: November 2018

Water adequacy is central to maximised agricultural production in irrigation schemes. Smallholder Irrigation Schemes (SISs) are designed to distribute water efficiently, adequately and equitably. Water governance, defined as the institutions, processes, procedures, rules and regulations involved in water management, plays an important role in water allocation and subsequently water adequacy. The intersectoral institutions involved in water governance in SISs, i.e., government, Water User Associations (WUAs), Irrigation Management Committees (IMCs) and traditional authorities, interact to formulate and design policies for running SISs. However, multilevel interaction amongst the active stakeholders at multiple levels shapes policy and underlies SIS performance. This research aimed to investigate the impacts water governance had on adequacy of water in irrigation schemes and was premised on the hypothesis that governance had no effect on water adequacy. Water adequacy describes water supply relative to demand. Adequacy indicates whether the water delivery system supplies the required amount to a section in the irrigation scheme over a period of time (daily, monthly or seasonally). Two irrigation schemes, the Mooi-River Irrigation Scheme (MRIS) and Tugela Ferry Irrigation Scheme (TFIS) were used as case studies. A descriptive analysis showed that 86% of the farmers in the TFIS had adequate water, whereas 24% had water adequacy in the MRIS. A Binary Logit model was employed to investigate the factors that influence water adequacy among irrigators. The regression model identified eight statistically significant factors that influenced water adequacy: the irrigation scheme, location of plot within the scheme, training in water management, training in irrigation, SIS irrigators' knowledge about the government's aims, availability of water licences, payment of water fees and satisfaction with the irrigation schedule. The study concluded that governance factors had influence on water adequacy in the selected SISs. The implication is that stakeholders should make irrigators aware of government Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) policy and strategies. The study recommends that the SISs introduce rules, procedures and protocols to support irrigators to enhance scheme governance and lead to the realisation of government policies.
KAJIANEKOLOGISPASIALBENTANGLAHANUNTUKKELESTARIANSITUSSEJARAHDIKECAMATANIMOGIRIDANKRETEKKABUPATENBANTUL
Authors: Khotimah Nurul
Published: November 2018

Landscapeecologyapproachisneededtoinventarizedthehistoricsite,environmentalproblemthatbemakemanagementconstraint,regionpotention,alsodirectionandmanagementpriority,anddevelopmentofhistoricsitesaspopulartourismarea.Theresultoftheresearchshowsthat:(1)HistoricsitesatImogiriDistrictspreadatGirirejo,Wukirsari,Karangtengah,Selopamioro,andImogiriVillages,meanwhileatKretekDistrictgatheringroupatParangtritisVillage;(2)WholelandstatusofhistoricsitesmeansSultangroundlandstatus,withlandprocessingthatisdonebyaroundcommunityforfield,communityforest,miningofCdiggingmaterial,housing,homestay,shop/smallshopthatcanmakethreatenhistoricsitescontinuitythatexist;(3)Theproblemsofenvironmentaroundhistoricsitescanbephysicalandsocialenvironment;and(4)Foranticipatingitneedsmakinghistoricsitescontinuityorganizationorinstitutiontoorganizeandsupportedecosystemapproachastheefforttorganizeanddevelopedthehistoricsitesaspopulartourismplaces.KeyWord:spatialecology,historicsites,continuity
PEMANFAATAN CITRA SATELIT QUICKBIRD UNTUK EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN RENCANA DETAIL TATA RUANG KOTA YOGYAKARTA 1990 – 2010 (Kasus Bagian Wilayah Kota III)
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Hayu , Hadi Bambang Syaeful
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk mengetahui seberapa besar penyimpangan penggunaan lahan dan jaringan jalan aktual terhadap Rencana Detail Tata Ruang Kota (RDTRK) Yogyakarta 1990-2010, dan (2) untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian penggunaan lahan dan jaringan jalan tahun 2010 terhadap RDTRK Yogyakarta 1990-2010 berdasarkan hasil interpretasi citra satelit Quickbird. Daerah penelitian meliputi Bagian Wilayah Kota (BWK) III Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian terapan teknik penginderaan jauh dengan memanfaatkan citra Quickbird dan Sistem Informasi Geografi. Variabel fisik yang disadap dari citra yaitu bentuk penggunaan lahan dan jaringan jalan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode proporsional purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, interpretasi dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara tumpangsusun antara peta aktual 2010 dengan peta acuan RDTRK 1990-2010. Proses tumpangsusun dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGIS 9.3 dan menghasilkan tingkat kesesuaian penggunaan lahan dan jaringan jalan dengan kriteria sesuai, tidak sesuai, dan rencana yang tidak terealisasi. Penentuan tingkat kesesuaian dinyatakan dengan persentase yang diperoleh dari perhitungan dan pengolahan tabulasi pada SIG. Hasil evaluasi pada Bagian Wilayah Kota III RDTRK Yogyakarta 2010 menghasilkan: (1) Persentase kesesuaian rencana penggunaan lahan 66,29% dan ketidaksesuaian 33,71%: (2) Persentase kesesuaian rencana jaringan jalan 85,5%, ketidaksesuaian 12,2% dan tidak terealisasi 2,3%. Hasil ini menunjukkan kesesuaian RDTRK mencapai tingkat yang relatif tinggi untuk masing-masing materi rencana.Kata kunci: citra Quickbird, RDTRK, kesesuaianTHE UTILIZATION OF QUICKBIRD SATELLITE IMAGE
KAJIAN TINGKAT KERAWANAN PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KECAMATAN BANTUL
Authors: Yuniastuti Eni , Suryo Dyah Respati
Published: November 2018

Meningkatnya jumlah kasus penyakit DBD di Kecamatan Bantul pada tahun 2010, karena faktor pertumbuhan penduduk yang cukup pesat, mobilitas penduduk yang cukup tinggi, semakin baiknya sarana transportasi, kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan hidup sehat, dan tidak adanya kontrol vektor nyamuk yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui distribusi spasial penyakit DBD, (2) mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kerawanan suatu wilayah terhadap terjangkitnya DBD, dan (3) untuk memetakan kerawanan wilayah terhadap terjangkitnya DBD dengan menggunakan data citra Penginderaan Jauh yaitu Citra IKONOS dan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG). Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian survai. Variabel yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah kepadatan penduduk, kepadatan permukiman, jarak terhadap sungai, jarak terhadap lokasi TPS, dan pola permukiman. Data utama dalam penelitian ini citra satelit IKONOS dan Peta RBI, data sekundernya meliputi data angka kejadian penyakit DBD, jumlah penduduk, luas wilayah, dan data lokasi TPS sampah di Kecamatan Bantul. Parameter yang diperoleh dari data utama yaitu kepadatan permukiman, jarak terhadap sungai, dan pola permukiman, sedangkan parameter yang diperoleh dari data sekunder meliputi kepadatan penduduk dan jarak terhadap lokasi TPS. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua unit lahan permukiman, teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan stratified random sampling. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data dengan cara observasi, dokumentasi, dan survai lapangan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis SIG yang meliputi analisis buffer, analisis skoring, dan analisis overlay. Hasil dari analisis data menghasilkan peta tingkat kerawanan yang menunjukkan bahwa di Kecamatan Bantul untuk kelas kerawanan agak rawan mempunyai luas 1513,366 (ha) dengan persentase 68,45%, untuk kelas kerawanan rawan mempunyai luas 515,743 (ha) dengan persentase 23,33%, dan untuk kelas kerawanan sangat rawan mempunyai luas 181,773 ha dengan persentase 8,22%. Berdasarkan kelima parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan untuk Kecamatan Bantul didominasi dengan wilayah yang agak rawan terhadap penyakit DBD.Kata kunci: kerawanan, agihan DBD, informasi spasial
THE SUITABILITY OF THE LAND USAGE AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF MELON FARMING IN THE FORMER LAGOON LAND IN PARANGTRITIS, KRETEK DISTRICT, BANTUL REGENCY, DIY 2010
Authors: Rahayu Fenti , Suparmini Suparmini , Sugiharyanto Sugiharyanto
Published: November 2018

This research aims to know the suitability of land usage in the former lagoon plains in Parangtritis for melon cultivation; land border factors; land improvement efforts; the management of melon cultivation and the productivity of melon in the research areas. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The population in this research consists of physical and non-physical population. Physical population includes all former lagoon lands planted with melons or 6,300 m². Moreover, non-physical population consists of all melon farmers in the research areas which consist of 3 farmers. This research employs purposive sampling techniques to take the non-physical research samples i.e. the former lagoon soil from the southern plains in the form of sand and the soil from the former lagoons in the northern part in the form of clay. Moreover, the non-physical population samples were not taken because there are only 3 farmers in the research areas. The techniques of data collection include observation, laboratory testing, interviews and secondary data collection. The data analysis for the physical aspects was performed through laboratory analysis while for the non-physical aspects were conducted through descriptive statistical analysis. The findings show that (1) the southern parts of the research areas have a land suitability level of S3 (marginally suitable), and the northern parts of the research areas have a land suitability level of S2 (quite appropriate); (2) the factors which become the land borders are rainfall, drainage, soil texture, and content of C-organic and the danger of flood; (3) land improvement efforts were performed by planting melons in the dry season to cope with heavy rainfall in the rainy season, fertilizing plants using manure to inhibit drainage and increase the content of C-organic in the soil, making water drainage on farms to prevent from flood; (4) The crop management is performed using modern techniques, planting melon is only done once every year in the dry season so that the plants are not in danger of flooding during the rainy season, and the optimal results can be achieved; (5) The net production of melon per year performed with good management can reach 3.2 tons per 1,000 m² land. The gross income of farmers per 1,000 m² of land is Rp. 6,080,000.00. The production and labor cost for each planting is Rp. 2,348,775.00 per 1,000 m² of land. Therefore, net income of melon farmers in the research area reaches Rp. 3,731,225.00.Keywords: landuse, productivity, lagoon
USAHA PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN KAKAO DI DESA BANJARHARJO KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Manistasari Isna , Nurhadi Nurhadi
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengidentifikasi faktor fisik dan non fisik yang mempengaruhi usaha tani kakao, (2) Mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab penurunan produktivitas tanaman kakao, (3) Mengkaji cara meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman kakao di Desa Banjarharjo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 668 petani kakao yang tersebar di 16 Dusun. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan cara area sampling. Teknik area sampling ini membagi suatu daerah besar ke dalam daerah-daerah kecil dan dibagi lagi menjadi daerah yang lebih kecil, sehingga didapat 40 sampel petani dari 4 Dusun yang mempunyai tanaman kakao lebih dari 7000 pohon sebagai responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observari, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu editing, koding dan tabulasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kondisi fisik dan non fisik yang mempengaruhi usaha tani kakao di daerah penelitian meliputi, kondisi iklim dan tanah di daerah penelitian sesuai dengan syarat tumbuh tanaman kakao. Kondisi non fisik yang berkaitan terhadap usahatani kakao di daerah penelitian adalah modal, tenaga kerja, transportasi, pemasaran, fasilitas kredit, serta teknologi. (2) Faktor penyebab penurunan produktivitas tanaman kakao adalah umur tanaman kakao yang sudah terlalu tua, adanya hama penyakit kakao, kekurangan air, kurangnya modal dan keterbatasan waktu pengelolaan tanaman kakao. (3) Usaha penigkatan produktivitas kakao meliputi usaha teknis dan non teknis, usaha teknis antara lain: pemilihan bibit ungul, sanitasi, pemetikan rutin, sambung samping, sarungisasi kakao. Sedangkan usaha non teknis antara lain: mengikuti penyuluhan, kelompok tani, mencari informasi tentang usaha tani kakao melalui buku maupun media masa.Kata kunci: Usaha Tani, Peningkatan Kakao, Produktivitas
KAJIAN KERENTANAN PENGHIDUPAN TERHADAP FENOMENA ROB DI BAGIAN WILAYAH KOTA (BWK) III KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Hayati Rahma
Published: November 2018

Kajian tentang kerentanan merupakan hal penting dalam kajian penghidupanberkelanjutan. Studi mengenai kerentanan menjadi hal penting dalam berbagai langkahpembangunan berkaitan dengan masalah bencana, kemiskinan, perencanaan perkotaanmaupun perdesaan, dan masalah pembangunan lainnya. Beberapa hal pokok yang dapatdipakai sebagai kerangka untuk studi kerentanan, yaitu: 1) sumber kerentanan, 2) areadan kelompok penduduk yang terpapar bencana, 3) kemampuan bertahan dankemampuan pulih. Sumber kerentanan yang mengancam penghidupan di BWK II KotaSemarang adalah bencana genangan rob. Area yang terpapar bencana rob di BWK III KotaSemarang semakin meluas, yaitu 34 kelurahan pada tahun 2000 dan 35 kelurahan padatahun 2005. Penduduk di BWK III Kota Semarang secara pribadi dan bersama telahmelakukan tindakan bertahan terhadap bencana genangan rob dengan meninggikanlantai rumah, lahan pekarangan dan jalan umum. Pemerintah kota secara kelembagaantelah melaksanakan proyek-proyek fisik untuk menghindarkan wilayah dari bencanagenangan rob dengan meninggikan jalan Kapasitas wilayah yang berupa system drainasedan pintu-pintu pompa air seyogyanya dimanfaatkan dengan baik, sehingga kemampuanwilayah untuk terhindar dari bencana genangan rob semakin baik. Tindakan untukmenghindar dari bencana genangan rob secara parsial-lokal-individual memiliki potensikonflik yang besar.Kata kunci: kerentanan, terpapar, kemampuan bertahan, kemampuan pulih