bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Αιτίες και αφορμές της κριτικής Παπαϊωάννου-Καστοριάδη στον Μαρξ και τον μαρξισμό
Authors: Πολίτης Γιώργος Ν.
Published: March 2023

Στην παρούσα ανακοίνωση διερευνώνται τα αίτια που εξηγούν τους λόγους, για τους οποίους Παπαϊωάννου και Καστοριάδης υπήρξαν τόσο πρωτοπόροι στην κριτική προς την κυρίαρχη ιδεολογία της εποχής τους, αλλά και γιατί διαπιστώνονται συγγενή στοιχεία στη σκέψη τους. Δεν αναζητείται, βεβαίως, μία σχέση αιτίου-αιτιατού, σύμφωνη με το θετικιστικό υπόδειγμα. Επιχειρείται, αντιθέτως, μια απόπειρα κατανόησης και ερμηνείας του φαινομένου. Εντούτοις, η εισηγούμενη ερμηνεία δεν αφορά απλώς σ’ ένα ιστορικό ζήτημα: διαθέτει φιλοσοφικό ενδιαφέρον, γιατί φωτίζει διαφορετικές πτυχές της σύγχρονης κοινωνικής φιλοσοφίας.
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) inhibits the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of oral cancer cells by inhibiting the ERK, AKT, and CyclinD cell signaling pathways: an in-vitro study
Authors: Sanghavi Amee , Srivatsa Ananth , Adiga Divya , Chopra Aditi , Lobo Richard , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada , Gadag Shivaprasada , Nayak Usha , Sivaraman Karthik , Shah Ashmeet
Published: March 2023

Background: Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum), popularly referred to as Goji berry, is a promising herb known for its powerful anti-antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases. It has also shown good anti-cancer properties and has been tested against liver, colon, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers. However, no study has yet evaluated the role of goji berries against oral cancer. Hence, the present paper aims to evaluate the anticancer properties of L. barbarum against oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Method: Ethanolic extract of L. barbarum (EELB) was tested for its anticancer properties by performing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation, cell proliferation, and scratch wound test. The impact of EELB on the signaling transduction pathways of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase (AKT1), cyclin D1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also assessed by western blot.

Results: The results showed that EELB can impede CAL-27 cell growth, proliferation and migration in-vitro. It even reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT1 with concomitant downregulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1), cadherin 2 (CDH2), and vimentin (VIM) and upregulation of cadherin 1 (CDH1) expression suggesting its anti-proliferative and anti-EMT effects in oral cancer.

Conclusion: Goji berry has good antiproliferative and anti-invasive properties. It affects potential EMT markers and signaling transduction pathways involved in oral cancers. Hence goji berry can be tried as a potential anticancer agent to manage oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Oncoplastic breast volume replacement with the use of lateral intercostal artery perforator flap
Authors: Maulanisa Sinta Chaira , Wibisana I Gusti Ngurah Gunawan
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer is very common, and there has been a lot of progress in terms of diagnosing and treating it. Surgical intervention, which is tailored to the patient's particular needs and numerous clinical concerns, is one of the management methods used. Some indicators that can be used are, for instance, the size and the stage. Smaller and earlier stage malignancies can be treated with a wide excision. However, getting a proper excision margin around the tumor and not removing too much tissue is problematic. Several studies have shown that when 20% of the breast volume is removed, there is a significant risk of deformity. Currently, oncoplastic surgery is the gold standard for breast reconstruction to minimize such a risk, and one of the techniques is volume replacement, which includes reconstruction of the breast with the transposition of tissue from elsewhere. Numerous volume replacement procedures were performed in the reported patients. The thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) and lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flaps showed good outcomes in terms of cosmetic and oncological aspects, yet LICAP was found to be an excellent choice for the lateral breast defect and the aesthetic result was satisfactory. We present the case of a 19-year-old woman who had a borderline phyllodes tumor and 49-year-old woman with invasive breast cancer ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that was treated with a wide excision and volume replacement with a LICAP. Following the success of the LICAP treatment, the defect appears symmetrical with the contralateral breast a few weeks following surgery. In conclusion, LICAP and TDAP flaps oncoplastic surgery offer advantages that should be considered to increase satisfactory of the patients after breast construction surgery in Indonesia.
InterConnect: A European project that is changing the way energy is consumed
Authors: Jean-Philippe Pierre
Published: March 2023

Project InterConnect is a major European project focusing on energy consumption. With 25 sites in Europe and more than 3,500 users, the InterConnect project has a dual economic and educational benefit for users, which should lead to responsible and sustainable behaviour. Fully meeting the needs of the moment and the choices of the future in terms of energy consumption and management is in line with the ambitious objectives of the European Union set out in the Paris Agreement of December 2015. The originality of this project lies mainly in the choice not to create innovation for its own sake but rather to create innovations that make the existing equipment (heaters, hot water tanks, etc.) more modern and more economical. In a context of economic and social crisis, this approach is bound to be met with a favorable response from low-income households or consumers who are also the most frequent users of energy-consuming equipment. This article is an opportunity, at the beginning of the analysis phase of the data collected during the InterConnect project, to highlight the pedagogical virtues and the capacity of such a project to influence behaviour.
The genome sequence of the Lunar Hornet, Sesia bembeciformis (Hübner 1806)
Authors: Boyes Douglas ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Langdon William B.V. ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Sesia bembeciformis (the Lunar Hornet; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Sesiidae). The genome sequence is 477.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.1 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 15,843 protein coding genes.
Sprawy gospodarcze w korespondencji hr. Benedykta Tyszkiewicza do ks. Andrzeja Lubomirskiego (przyczynek)
Authors: Chrobak Łukasz
Published: March 2023

ECONOMIC MATTERS IN THE CORRESPONDENCE OF COUNT BENEDICT TYSZKIEWICZ TO FR. ANDRZEJ LUBOMIRSKI (CONTRIBUTION) Benedykt Tyszkiewicz did not live to see his biography. He was one of the most influential Polish industrialists in the Russian partition in the Kiev governorate. After studies and internships in Belgium and France, he returned to his hometown of Andruszówka and started modernizing the family estate. He managed to modernize the sugar factory in Plisków and set up a machine factory. By marrying Maria Lubomirska, he became associated with the Przeworsk ordinance line of the Lubomirski family from Przeworsk. Through his friendship with his brother-in-law Andrzej Lubomirski, he indirectly influenced the development of the sugar industry in Galicia. During his life in Kresy, he corresponded with Andrzej Lubomirski, with whom he shared his comments on social and, above all, economic issues.
Efecto del procesamiento emocional de palabras en el funcionamiento comunicativo y social en el adulto mayor
Authors: Lara Bernal Maria Fernanda , Hernández-Jaramillo Janeth , Müller Oliver , Palacios Espinosa Ximena
Published: March 2023

Introducción: el funcionamiento comunicativo y social en la vejez implica recursos cognitivos y emocionales. Según la teoría de la selectividad socioemocional (tss), los adultos mayores tienen afinidad por eventos positivos y cultivan sus habilidades emocionales. Objetivo: explorar la relación entre el funcionamiento comunicativo y social y el procesamiento de estímulos emocionales en el adulto mayor. Materiales y métodos: adultos mayores y adultos jóvenes realizaron una tarea computarizada de decisión léxica (tdl) y fueron evaluados en su funcionamiento comunicativo. Resultados: hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el factor de valencia, con un procesamiento más rápido de estímulos con contenido emocional versus no emocional (2196 = 36.39; p < 0.001). En cuanto al funcionamiento comunicativo y social, al compararlo con el desempeño en la tdl, se evidenció que los adultos mayores obtuvieron tiempos de reacción más prolongados y mayores tasas de error en el procesamiento de estímulos, al igual que menores puntajes en el asha-facs. Conclusión: aun cuando no se evidencia una interacción entre el procesamiento de estímulos emocionales y el funcionamiento comunicativo y social, la valencia emocional influye en el procesamiento de palabras en los adultos mayores, con una preferencia y selectividad por los estímulos positivos.
Percepción de los estudiantes ante el consumo de drogas psicoactivas en su universidad
Authors: De San Jorge-Cardenas Xochitl , Ortiz-León Cristina , Pavón-León Patricia , Salas-García Betzaida , Gogeascoechea Trejo María del Carmen , Blázquez Morales María Sobeida Leticia , Beverido Sustaeta Paulina , Cruz Juárez Alma
Published: March 2023

Introducción. Entre los jóvenes universitarios se ha observado una tolerancia creciente hacia el consumo de drogas debido a una reducción en la percepción de riesgo, que se considera como aquellos juicios o intuiciones que se tienen sobre la peligrosidad de una situación que puede contribuir a la normalización del consumo. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre: consumo, venta y gravedad del consumo de drogas en su facultad; conductas de docentes y estudiantes que facilitan el consumo de alcohol y  la postura de las autoridades universitarias ante estudiantes consumidores. Material y Método. Se analizó la base de datos derivada del proyecto Consumo de drogas en estudiantes universitarios, en el que participaron 19,815 estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana; se realizaron comparaciones según sexo y área académica utilizando pruebas de chi-cuadrada y el análisis post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados. Las mujeres reportaron una menor percepción que los hombres sobre las variables analizadas. Las áreas académicas que se distinguieron por mostrar diferencias con respecto a las otras fueron: Económico-Administrativa en el consumo de drogas ilegales dentro de las facultades y la venta de drogas legales cerca de sus facultades y Biológico-Agropecuaria en la venta cercana de drogas ilegales cerca de sus facultades y en la percepción de la gravedad del consumo de drogas legales. Conclusión. El conocimiento de la percepción de los jóvenes universitarios acerca de las variables estudiadas de acuerdo al sexo y el área académica marca la pauta para implementar estrategias específicas de intervención
The novel Mütercim as a site of transfiction: A case of translation in life and the translation of life in the transformational republican era in Turkey
Authors: Üstün Külünk Sema
Published: March 2023

Translation has a rich history in Ottoman and Turkish literature, and a study of transmesis in a transfiction has great potentials for analyzing the praxis and pragmatics of translation in Turkey. This study focuses on the translational action in the mirror of fiction with a case study on the Turkish novel Mütercim (2013) [Translator] by Alper Gürkan. Investigating translation both as a performance (i.e., text) and an experience (i.e., agency), the analysis is constructed upon four categories: 1) actual translation in its technical sense; (2) the agency of the translator as a subject and object of the translation; (3) figurative/metaphoric use of translation; and (4) the potentials of mistranslation vis-a-vis pseudotranslation. The multi-layered translational baggage of the novel serves as a site par excellence to delimit the definition of translation, which begins as a faithful translation and ends up as an almost genuine writing, a mistranslation in the novel. Skillfully imposed attributions to change, transformation, fragmentation, and dislocation under a translational context determine the fate of both the text and the agent in Mütercim: corrupted and originally lost. This elegy for origins resonates in the discourse of the author as neo- Ottoman fantasy where we witness the emergence of translation as the lieu of historical criticism under the guise of a transfiction.
Transformaciones emancipatorias. Acerca de la colonialidad en el derecho
Authors: Liendo Maria Cristina
Published: March 2023

Se complica pensar las la emancipación como una universalidad abstracta; a poco de andar se pluraliza en diversas emancipaciones, concretas y más locales.  Como   concepto referido no se lo puede desligar de objetos respecto de los cuales son producidas las emancipaciones, puesto que se trabaja o se lucha por concretarlas o por impedirlas. Así, las emancipaciones y las luchas se muestran como ideas y procesos sociales convergentes, las segundas son condiciones necesarias para poder anclar las ideas transformadoras en el cuerpo social. Desde este lugar, interesa establecer alguna ligazón entre la modernidad/colonialidad como proyecto de regulación normativa de lo social, el derecho como la estructura de juridicidad que la sustenta y el capitalismo como el horizonte global donde se libran las luchas sociales. La propuesta interroga acerca de qué manera podrían posibilitarse transformaciones en el campo de los derechos que puedan interpelar a la estereotipada estructura de lo jurídico, recorriendo algunas tensiones entre determinación estructural y autonomía de la acción, entre emancipación transformadora y regulación normativa, entre configuraciones de subjetividades y prácticas de contra hegemonía. Se muestran formas diferenciadas respecto del monopolio de la juridicidad estatal, la emergencia de nuevos derechos y de formas de empoderamiento que constituyen nuevos sujetos de derecho.
Cidadania ambiental: mecanismos de atuação em face do Código do Meio Ambiente do município de Uberaba/MG (Lei complementar municipal nº 389/ 2008)
Authors: Gomes Magno Federici , Maluf Aflaton Castanheira
Published: March 2023

Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo demonstrar a proteção ambiental e a sustentabilidade, através dos mecanismos protetivos no plano Municipal. A Metodologia utilizada compreende pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso.  O Município de Uberaba/MG, possui Código do Meio Ambiente. Como resultados desse contexto normativo do Código Ambiental Municipal, foram previstas condutas destinadas aos cidadãos ou munícipes, para que eles possam a agir, nos planos extrajudicial e judicial, em defesa do meio ambiente. O Munícipe compreende um protagonista de linha de frente, operando nas questões ambientais, de forma preventiva e/ou repressiva. Após análise, conclui-se que as Atas notariais e ação popular ambiental compreendem os principais mecanismos de cidadania ambiental.
Direito à cidade, participação e urbanismo sustentável: desafios e possibilidades do poder local no Brasil e na Espanha
Authors: Santin Janaína Rigo , Berndsen Guilherme Rigo
Published: March 2023

A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as potencialidades do Poder Local, enquanto categoria jurídica, política e sociológica, nas questões de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável e de direito à cidade. Ao aliar descentralização do poder e participação dos cidadãos e dos movimentos sociais na gestão pública local, facilita-se a dinâmica democrática e participativa e, por conta disso, potencializam-se os instrumentos de controle no que tange à sustentabilidade urbana e ao acesso aos direitos fundamentais de seus habitantes. Por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo e a partir de uma perspectiva comparada, pretende-se analisar as instituições de Poder Local no Brasil e na Espanha, em especial na Comunidade Autónoma de Valência, tendo como foco a questão do desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Assim, a partir das aproximações entre Brasil e Espanha na questão do Poder Local, tenciona-se contribuir para a bibliografia especializada na área de meio ambiente sustentável e gestão pública participativa.
O caso Keron Ravach e as políticas públicas para a população trans no Ceará: invisibilidade descortinada
Authors: Andrade Mariana Dionísio de , Mota Pedro Luan Abreu dos Santos
Published: March 2023

A presente pesquisa busca responder aos seguintes problemas de pesquisa: quais são as políticas públicas voltadas à proteção de vítimas de transfobia já implementadas no Estado do Ceará? O registro oficial de morte violenta contra pessoas trans no Ceará é compatível com os dados apresentados pela Antra? O Ceará se destaca como um dos Estados com maior número de assassinatos contra pessoas transgêneros no Brasil, ao passo em que políticas públicas para esse grupo são questionadas pela sua efetividade ou existência. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, na medida em que utiliza o assassinato de Keron Ravach como elemento condutor. A pesquisa é quali-quantitativa, de natureza pura e descritiva, com suporte em revisão de literatura e utilização complementar de dados secundários disponibilizados pelos relatórios da Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais (Antra). Conclui-se que dentre as políticas públicas voltadas à proteção de vítimas de transfobia já implementadas no Ceará estão: (I) Oportuniza-Trans; (II) Retifica-Trans e; (III) Assistência Social é de TODXS. Conclui-se que a ausência de dados oficias é um empecilho para a formulação e avaliação de impacto de políticas públicas existentes e que a falta de metodologia de identificação uniforme para crimes de transfobia prejudica a administração do problema.
Hypertrophic scar management
Authors: Edwards Jacky
Published: March 2023

Scarring has major psychological and physical repercussions. Scars are often considered trivial, but they can be disfiguring and aesthetically unpleasant and may cause severe itching, tenderness, pain, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression and disruption of daily activities. It is more efficient to prevent hypertrophic scars than treat them; early diagnosis of a problem scar can considerably impact the overall outcome. Therefore, nurses need to be as knowledgeable about scar products as they are about wound products, and their responsibility should not end once the wound has healed. Appropriate management of the scar will ensure that the wound remains healed and that the patient is happy with the outcome. The nurse is ideally placed to ensure that scars are appropriately identified and treated as early as possible.
Mid-term survivorship of primary total knee arthroplasty with a specific implant
Authors: Gausden Elizabeth B. , Puri Simarjeet , Chiu Yu-fen , Figgie Mark P. , Sculco Thomas P. , Westrich Geoffrey , Sculco Peter K. , Chalmers Brian P.
Published: March 2023

Aims

The purpose of this study was to assess mid-term survivorship following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with Optetrak Logic components and identify the most common revision indications at a single institution.

Methods

We identified a retrospective cohort of 7,941 Optetrak primary TKAs performed from January 2010 to December 2018. We reviewed the intraoperative findings of 369 TKAs that required revision TKA from January 2010 to December 2021 and the details of the revision implants used. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine survivorship. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the impact of patient variables and year of implantation on survival time.

Results

The estimated survivorship free of all-cause revision was 98% (95% confidence interval (CI) 97% to 98%), 95% (95% CI 95% to 96%), and 86% (95% CI 83% to 88%) at two, five, and ten years, respectively. In 209/369 revisions there was a consistent constellation of findings with varying severity that included polyethylene wear and associated synovitis, osteolysis, and component loosening. This failure mode, which we refer to as aseptic mechanical failure, was the most common revision indication. The mean time from primary TKA to revision for aseptic mechanical failure was five years (5 months to 11 years).

Conclusion

In this series of nearly 8,000 primary TKAs performed with a specific implant, we identified a lower-than-expected mid-term survivorship and a high number of revisions with a unique presentation. This study, along with the recent recall of the implant, confirms the need for frequent monitoring of patients with Optetrak TKAs given the incidence of polyethylene failure, osteolysis, and component loosening.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(3):277–283.
Camouflage uncovered: what should happen next?
Authors: Wilton Tim , Skinner John A. , Haddad Fares S.
Published: March 2023

Recent publications have drawn attention to the fact that some brands of joint replacement may contain variants which perform significantly worse (or better) than their ‘siblings’. As a result, the National Joint Registry has performed much more detailed analysis on the larger families of knee arthroplasties in order to identify exactly where these differences may be present and may hitherto have remained hidden. The analysis of the Nexgen knee arthroplasty brand identified that some posterior-stabilized combinations have particularly high revision rates for aseptic loosening of the tibia, and consequently a medical device recall has been issued for the Nexgen ‘option’ tibial component which was implicated. More elaborate signal detection is required in order to identify such variation in results in a routine fashion if patients are to be protected from such variation in outcomes between closely related implant types.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(3):221–226.
Can severity of trunnion damage be estimated by visual inspection alone?
Authors: McCarty Colin P. , Nazif Mohammad A. , Sangiorgio Sophia N. , Ebramzadeh Edward , Park Sang-Hyun
Published: March 2023

Aims

Taper corrosion has been widely reported to be problematic for modular total hip arthroplasty implants. A simple and systematic method to evaluate taper damage with sufficient resolution is needed. We introduce a semiquantitative grading system for modular femoral tapers to characterize taper corrosion damage.

Methods

After examining a unique collection of retrieved cobalt-chromium (CoCr) taper sleeves (n = 465) using the widely-used Goldberg system, we developed an expanded six-point visual grading system intended to characterize the severity, visible material loss, and absence of direct component contact due to corrosion. Female taper sleeve damage was evaluated by three blinded observers using the Goldberg scoring system and the expanded system. A subset (n = 85) was then re-evaluated following destructive cleaning, using both scoring systems. Material loss for this subset was quantified using metrology and correlated with both scoring systems.

Results

There was substantial agreement in grading among all three observers with uncleaned (n = 465) and with the subset of cleaned (n = 85) implants. The expanded scoring criteria provided a wider distribution of scores which ultimately correlated well with corrosion material loss. Cleaning changed the average scores marginally using the Goldberg criteria (p = 0.290); however, using the VGS, approximately 40% of the scores for all observers changed, increasing the average score from 4.24 to 4.35 (p = 0.002). There was a strong correlation between measured material loss and new grading scores.

Conclusion

The expanded scoring criteria provided a wider distribution of scores which ultimately correlated well with corrosion material loss. This system provides potential advantages for assessing taper damage without requiring specialized imaging devices.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(3):155–164.
Error simulation of atmospheric scattered radiance and its influence on slant visibility based on the SBDART model and Monte Carlo method
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Du Jiamin , Wang Yangyang , Qin Yiding , Yan Qing , Song Yuehui , Di Huige , Hua Dengxin
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric scattered radiance is an important factor affecting slant visibility measurement in the daytime. This paper explores atmospheric scattered radiance errors and their influence on slant visibility measurements. Considering the difficulty in error synthesis of the radiative transfer equation, an error simulation scheme based on the Monte Carlo method is proposed. An error simulation and error analysis for atmospheric scattered radiance was carried out based on the Santa Barbara DISTORT atmospheric radiative transfer (SBDART) model and the Monte Carlo method. The error in aerosol parameters including the single-scattering albedo (SSA), the asymmetry factor, and the aerosol optical depth (AOD), was simulated by a random number and random error under different normal distributions, and the error influence of aerosol parameters on the error in the solar irradiance and 33-layer atmosphere scattered radiance is discussed in detail. The maximum relative deviations of the output scattered radiance at a certain slant direction are 5.98%, 1.47%, and 2.35%, when SSA, the asymmetry factor, and the AOD obey the normal distribution of (0, 5). The error sensitivity analysis also confirms that the SSA is the most sensitive factor affecting atmospheric scattered radiance and the total solar irradiance. Then, according to the error synthesis theory, we investigated the error transfer effect of three error sources related to the atmosphere based on the contrast ratio between the object and the background. The simulation results show that the error in the contrast ratio caused by solar irradiance and scattered radiance is lower than 6.2% and 2.84%, indicating the main role in contributing to the error transfer of slant visibility. Further, the comprehensive process of the error transfer in slant visibility measurements was demonstrated by a set of lidar experiments and the SBDART model. The results provide a reliable theoretical basis for the measurement of atmospheric scattered radiance and slant visibility, which is of great significance to improve the measurement accuracy of slant visibility.
Wide-spectrum laser beam shaping for full-color volume holographic optical element recording
Authors: Yang Lin , Shen Fanqi , Liu Peng , Wu Rengmao
Published: March 2023

For homogeneous diffraction efficiency of the recorded volume holographic optical element (vHOE), a recording beam of uniform intensity is required. A multicolor vHOE is recorded by an RGB laser source with Gaussian intensity distribution; during equal exposure time, recording beams of different intensities would result in different diffraction efficiencies in different recording areas. In this paper, we present a wide-spectrum laser beam shaping system design method, by which the incident RGB laser beam can be controlled into uniform intensity distribution with a spherical wavefront. This beam shaping system can be added to any recording system to obtain uniform intensity distribution without altering the beam shaping effect of the original recording system. The proposed beam shaping system is composed of two aspherical lens groups, and the design method with an initial point design and optimization design method is given. An example is built to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed beam shaping system.
Mid-infrared circular-polarization-sensitive photodetector based on a chiral metasurface with a photothermoelectric effect
Authors: Hu Yiqing , Wang Yueke , Sang Tian , Yang Guofeng
Published: March 2023

Photothermoelectric conversion in chiral metasurfaces with thermoelectric material provides an effective way to achieve circular polarization recognition. In this paper, we propose a circular-polarization-sensitive photodetector in a mid-infrared region, which is mainly composed of an asymmetric silicon grating, a film of gold (Au), and the thermoelectric Bi2Te3 layer. The asymmetric silicon grating with the Au layer achieves high circular dichroism absorption due to a lack of mirror symmetry, which results in a different temperature increasing on the surface of the Bi2Te3 layer under right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) and left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) excitation. Then the chiral Seebeck voltage and output power density are obtained, thanks to the thermoelectric effect of Bi2Te3. All the works are based on the finite element method, and the simulation results are conducted by the Wave Optics module of COMSOL, which is coupled with the Heat Transfer module and Thermoelectric module of COMSOL. When the incident flux is 1.0W/cm2, the output power density under RCP (LCP) light reaches 0.96mW/cm2 (0.01mW/cm2) at a resonant wavelength, which achieves a high capability of detecting circular polarization. Besides, the proposed structure shows a faster response time than that of other plasmonic photodetectors. Our design provides a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for chiral imaging, chiral molecular detection, and so on.
Optically induced antiferromagnetic order in dielectric metasurfaces with complex supercells
Authors: Rahimzadegan Aso , Lepeshov Sergey , Zhou Wenjia , Choi Duk-Yong , Sautter Jürgen , Arslan Dennis , Zou Chengjun , Fasold Stefan , Rockstuhl Carsten , Pertsch Thomas , Kivshar Yuri , Staude Isabelle
Published: March 2023

Metasurfaces are 2D planar lattices of nanoparticles that allow the manipulation of incident light properties. Because of that attribute, metasurfaces are promising candidates to replace bulky optical components. Traditionally, metasurfaces are made from a periodic arrangement of identical unit cells. However, more degrees of freedom are accessible if an increasing number of structured unit cells are combined. The present study explores a type of dielectric metasurface with complex supercells composed of Mie-resonant dielectric nanocylinders and nanoscale rings. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate the signature of an optical response that relies on the structures sustaining staggered optically induced magnetic dipole moments. The optical response is associated with an optical antiferromagnetism. The optical antiferromagnetism exploits the presence of pronounced coupling between dissimilar Mie-resonant dielectric nanoparticles. The coupling is manipulated by engineering the geometry and distance between the nanoparticles, which ultimately enhances their effective magnetic response. Our results suggest possible applications in resonant nanophotonics by broadening the modulation capabilities of metasurfaces.
Knowledge of Australia’s My Health Record and factors associated with opting out: Results from a national survey of the Australian general population and communities affected by HIV and sexually transmissible infections
Authors: Holt Martin , MacGibbon James , Smith Anthony K. J. , Broady Timothy R. , Davis Mark D. M. , Newman Christy E.
Published: March 2023

My Health Record is Australia’s national, digital, personal health record system. All Australians have a record in the system unless they choose to opt out of it. Concerns about privacy, security and unwanted sharing of data, particularly in marginalised populations, may impede its use. We conducted a national, online survey of Australians’ attitudes to digital health in April-June 2020. The sample (N = 2,240) was recruited from the general population and four priority populations affected by HIV and other sexually transmissible infections: gay and bisexual men, people living with HIV, sex workers, and trans and gender diverse people. This analysis assesses factors associated with greater knowledge of My Health Record and the likelihood of opting out of the system. Due to increased concerns about data privacy and misuse, we hypothesised that priority population members would know more about and be more likely to opt out of the system. We found that most of the sample (71.2%) knew little about My Health Record and 29.4% had opted out of the system. Greater knowledge of My Health Record was associated with younger age, having a university degree, having one or more health conditions, and being trans or gender diverse. Being a student, unemployed, receiving government benefits, or having poor self-reported health, were associated with less knowledge. Opting out of My Health Record was associated with having a university degree, one or more health conditions, and being a priority population member. The likelihood of opting out was lower among people born overseas, residents of Queensland, and people who were students, unemployed, or receiving government benefits. We recommend additional investment in community-based education to address people’s concerns about My Health Record and support people to use the system without compromising their health care, privacy, or security. Opting out may be a legitimate choice for people who perceive more risks than benefits from the system.
Assessment of Mongolian dietary intake for planetary and human health
Authors: Delgermaa Dashzeveg , Yamaguchi Miwa , Nomura Marika , Nishi Nobuo
Published: March 2023

Background

Healthy diets that consider environmental pressures are required to meet sustainable development goals in Mongolia. This study aimed to clarify the extent of planetary and human health on Mongolian dietary intake.

Methods

The intake of eight food groups (g/day) was investigated using the national database of the Household socio-economic survey (HSES) 2019 in Mongolia. The boundary intake of the Planetary health diet (PHD) proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission was considered 100% adequate. The adequacy (%) of food groups in the HSES were calculated in two areas (urban and rural), during the two seasons (cold and warm), and the total by each boundary of the PHD. The differences between the recommended dietary intake (RDI) in Mongolia and the PHD were also investigated in the same manner.

Results

The adequacy of red meat (i.e., beef, mutton, and horsemeat) in whole areas of Mongolia indicated more than 17 times higher intake (1,738%) than the PHD. The adequacy of vegetables (20%) and fruits (8%) in Mongolia indicated an intake shortage compared to the PHD. These discrepancies in dietary adequacy were greater in rural areas and during the cold seasons than in urban areas and during the warm seasons, respectively. The animal-based protein sources, especially red meat (1,091%), in the RDI of Mongolia were higher than those in the PHD.

Conclusion

This study found a highly excessive intake of red meat and a low intake of vegetables and fruits compared with the PHD among Mongolian people, especially in rural areas and during the cold seasons. The limited diversity of food in severe geographic conditions, poor accessibility of food retailers, and insufficient nutrition education may have led to these results. Therefore, improvements in the food environment and nutritional education are required.
Novel intelligent architecture and approximate solution for future networks
Authors: Sarhan Akram , Jemmali Mahdi
Published: March 2023

Private networks have become popular for secure data sharing and anonymous communication in many domains: enterprise environments, military, journalism, telecommunication, healthcare, to name a few. It has been used with or without internet connection. Its primary purpose is to provide confidentiality, bypass unlawful activities, and protect against common threats such as interception, modification, and censorship. In addition, several private network technologies exist to support secure communications. However, they mostly rely on encryption only. The transmitted data is classified into different confidentiality levels. This research presents a smart private network architecture scheme that transmits constraint-based classified packets. The main directive of this work is the proposed constraint. This constraint is meant to enforce that if two packets belong to the same confidentiality level, they can’t be transmitted through the two routers simultaneously. Therefore, the studied problem is an NP-hard problem. This paper presents the following contributions: (i) proposes a new architecture paradigm for outsourcing a constraint-based multi-classified data sharing securely and transmitted through two routers; (ii) introduces several algorithms to prove the feasibility for this NP-Hard problem; and (iii) implements the algorithms solutions using C++ and compares their performance. Different metrics are used to measure the performance of the proposed algorithms. Randomized Longest Transmission time first algorithm R L T ¯ scored the best algorithm with a percentage of 73.5% and an average gap of 0.002 according to the experimental results. It is remarkable worthy to note that the execution time of all the algorithms is less than 0.001 s.
Associations of greenspace use and proximity with self-reported physical and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Edwards Janelle R. , Gotschall Jeromy W. , Clougherty Jane E. , Schinasi Leah H.
Published: March 2023

Research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic affected individual’s mental and physical health. The aim of this study was to estimate associations between greenspace use and proximity with perceived mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed metropolitan Philadelphia residents, October 20–December 1, 2020, about walking time to the nearest greenspace from their home, frequency of greenspace use in the past 30 days, change in frequency of greenspace use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and perceived physical and mental health outcomes. We ran unadjusted and adjusted log-binomial regression models to derive Risk Ratio (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) estimates of associations of loneliness, physical and mental health outcomes with: (1) self-reported walking time to nearest greenspace; (2) reported greenspace use frequency; and (3) changes in greenspace use frequency. Of 485 survey participants, 244 (51.4%) reported feeling lonelier, 147 (31.37%) reported higher perceived stress, 261 (54.9%) reported worsened mental health, and 137 (28.7%) reported worsened physical health during vs. before the start of pandemic-restrictions in mid-March of 2020. After adjustment for gender, age, and change in financial status, RR estimates suggested modest protective associations between visiting greenspaces more frequently during vs. before the pandemic and worsened mental (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70–1.00), and physical health (RR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56–1.10), and loneliness (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.75–1.1) and perceived stress (RR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.61–1.13). Shorter walking distances to the nearest greenspace were associated with reduced risk of reporting worsened physical health and higher perceived stress; however, living shorter walking distances from greenspace were not associated with protection against worsened mental health or loneliness. These results suggest that active greenspace use may provide mental and physical health protection, particularly during a stressful public health crisis.
A prospective, randomized, non-blinded, non-inferiority pilot study to assess the effect of low-dose anti-thymocyte globulin with low-dose tacrolimus and early steroid withdrawal on clinical outcomes in non-sensitized living-donor kidney recipients
Authors: Ko Youngmin , Wee Yu-Mee , Shin Sung , Kim Mi Joung , Choi Monica Young , Kim Dong Hyun , Lim Seong Jun , Jung Joo Hee , Kwon Hyunwook , Kim Young Hoon , Han Duck Jong
Published: March 2023

Background

The optimal dose of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) as an induction regimen in Asian living-donor kidney recipients is unclear.

Methods

This is a pilot study in which 36 consecutive patients undergoing living-donor kidney transplantation were randomly assigned to receive either 4.5 mg/kg (n = 19) or 6.0 mg/kg (n = 17) of ATG; all patients had corticosteroid withdrawal within 7 days. The primary end point was a composite of biopsy-proven acute rejection, de novo donor-specific antibody formation, and graft failure.

Results

At 12 months post-transplant, biopsy-proven acute rejection was more common in the ATG4.5 group (21.1%) than in the ATG6.0 group (0%)(P = .048). Importantly, the rate of the composite end point was significantly higher in the ATG4.5 group (36.8% vs 0%)(P = .006). There were significant differences in neither the renal function nor adverse events between the two groups. One case of death-censored graft failure occurred in the ATG4.5 group and no mortality was observed overall. Compared with pre-transplantation, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells were significantly decreased in the first week post-transplantation except for B cells. Although T and NKT cells in both groups and NK cells in the ATG4.5 group had recovered to the pre-transplant levels, NK cells in the ATG6.0 group remained suppressed until six months post-transplant.

Conclusions

Compared with ATG 6.0 mg/kg, ATG 4.5 mg/kg with early corticosteroid withdrawal and low dose maintenance regimen was associated with higher rates of acute rejection in non-sensitized Asian living-donor kidney recipients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02447822.
Using a latent Hawkes process for epidemiological modelling
Authors: Lamprinakou Stamatina , Gandy Axel , McCoy Emma
Published: March 2023

Understanding the spread of COVID-19 has been the subject of numerous studies, highlighting the significance of reliable epidemic models. Here, we introduce a novel epidemic model using a latent Hawkes process with temporal covariates for modelling the infections. Unlike other models, we model the reported cases via a probability distribution driven by the underlying Hawkes process. Modelling the infections via a Hawkes process allows us to estimate by whom an infected individual was infected. We propose a Kernel Density Particle Filter (KDPF) for inference of both latent cases and reproduction number and for predicting the new cases in the near future. The computational effort is proportional to the number of infections making it possible to use particle filter type algorithms, such as the KDPF. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm on synthetic data sets and COVID-19 reported cases in various local authorities in the UK, and benchmark our model to alternative approaches.
Exploring the trajectory and correlates of social isolation for veterans across a 6-month period during COVID-19
Authors: McGuire Adam P. , Elmore Colby , Szabo Yvette Z. , Kurz A. Solomon , Mendoza Corina , Umucu Emre , Creech Suzannah K.
Published: March 2023

Social isolation is a relevant problem for veterans who are at risk for disengaging from others as a function of transition stress from military life to civilian life, and given high rates of exposure to trauma and psychological distress. Few researchers have examined social isolation in veterans over time, particularly during COVID-19 that led to significant barriers and restrictions on social interactions. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to assess veterans’ experience of social isolation and its mental health and social functioning correlates during a 6-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 188 United States veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. A total of four assessments were administered: one every two months for a total duration of six months. The average number of completed assessments across all participants was 3.70 (SD = 0.75) with 159 participants (84.13%) completing all four timepoints. Surveys included measures of global mental health and social functioning as indicated by perceived emotional support, quality of marriage, and couple satisfaction. Multilevel modeling was used to assess 1) growth models to determine whether social isolation changed over time and the trajectory of that change (i.e., linear or quadratic); and 2) whether social isolation was related to both concurrent and prospective indicators of mental health and social functioning. All analyses included person mean centered and grand mean centered isolation to assess for within-and between-person effects. Veterans reported a quadratic trajectory in social isolation that decreased slightly and stabilized over time. Findings indicate that higher social isolation, at both the within- and between-person level, was negatively associated with concurrent emotional support, mental health, quality of marriage, and couple satisfaction. However, all prospective effects were nonsignificant at the within-person level. Results suggest although isolation may decrease over time, veterans report worse mental health and social functioning during times when they report higher levels of social isolation compared to themselves and others. Future work is needed to determine if interventions can be applied during those times to prevent or target those negative associations.
Birth and prenatal care outcomes of Latina mothers in the Trump era: Analysis by nativity and country/region of origin
Authors: Gutierrez Carmen , Dollar Nathan T.
Published: March 2023

We examined whether and how birth outcomes and prenatal care utilization among Latina mothers changed over time across years associated with the Trump sociopolitical environment, using restricted-use birth records from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). To assess potential variation among subpopulations, we disaggregated the analyses by maternal nativity and country/region of origin. Our results indicate that both US- and foreign-born Latina mothers experienced increasingly higher risks of delivering low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) infants over the years associated with Trump’s political career. Among foreign-born Latinas, adverse birth outcomes increased significantly among mothers from Mexico and Central America but not among mothers from Puerto Rico, Cuba, and South America. Levels of inadequate prenatal care utilization remained largely unchanged among groups who saw increases in LBW and PTB, suggesting that changes in prenatal care did not generally explain the observed worsening of birth outcomes among Latina mothers during the Trump era. Results from this study draw attention to the possibility that the Trump era may have represented a source of chronic stress among the Latinx population in the US and add to the growing body of literature linking racism and xenophobia in the sociopolitical environment to declines in health among Latinx people, especially among targeted groups from Mexico and Central America.