bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a Multi-Objective Lateral Controller for Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Ayberk Umur Ilhan , Öncü Sinan
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we consider the design of a multi-objective lateral controller for highly automated vehicles. Higher levels of automation require vehicles to resolve complex situations and orchestrate the underlying vehicle controllers such that in the event of a conflicting situation, the car is able to make the appropriate decision on which controller/objective to prioritize. We formulate the problem as hybrid switched system where event-triggered decision-making algorithms can be considered together with the lower-level dynamics and control-related objectives. To this end, a model regulator-based yaw rate controller and a path following controller are orchestrated through hybrid model predictive control (HMPC). We demonstrate the validity and robustness of the presented method through simulations where the automated vehicle is subjected to various scenarios with conflicting objectives and operating conditions. We show that robustness against model uncertainty is achieved by the yaw dynamic regulator and we also demonstrate that the hybrid controller orchestrates the switched modes provided by the regulator to achieve path tracking under conflicting objectives.
Goalkeeping in Modern Football: Current Positional Demands and Research Insights
Authors: Otte Fabian , Dittmer Tim , West Julia
Published: July 2022

The goalkeeper (GK) in association football arguably presents a critical playing position within a modern game that often appears to be highly dynamic, unpredictable, and constantly changing. Because of the privilege in using the hands and FIFA’s “back-pass law,” the list of GK tasks extends to a wide range of responsibilities in possession of the ball and when defending the goal and space. With the aim of providing an applied overview of the complex GK demands in the modern football game and consequences for position-specific coaching, the following article presents current practical advances on the various areas of physical, tactical–technical, mental/psychological, and social GK development. To further showcase complex GK tasks and actions, a framework of tactical–technical areas in goalkeeping is introduced and linked to recent empirical research in the field of goalkeeping and coaching. This understanding of position-specific demands may support future development of individualised, athlete-centred training interventions, coaching approaches, and match performance analysis. Along the way, the article offers several avenues for future research contributions to this unique field within football studies and further aims to stimulate readers’ and coaches’ thoughts about various matters related to specialist and individual development coaching.
NDM-35-Producing ST167
Escherichia coli
Highly Resistant to β-Lactams Including Cefiderocol
Authors: Poirel Laurent , Ortiz de la Rosa José Manuel , Sakaoglu Zeynep , Kusaksizoglu Ayda , Sadek Mustafa , Nordmann Patrice
Published: July 2022

A multidrug-resistant (carbapenems, aztreonam + avibactam, and cefiderocol) ST167
Escherichia coli
clinical isolate recovered from a patient hospitalized in Switzerland produced NDM-35 showing ca. 10-fold increased hydrolytic activity toward cefiderocol compared to NDM-1. The isolate co-produced a CMY-type β-lactamase, exhibited a four amino-acid insertion in PBP3, and possessed a truncated iron transporter CirA protein.
Co-circulation of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nasif M. Abdullah Omar , Sultana Nahida , Rahmat Raad , Akther Tahmina , Nessa Afzalun , Jahan Munira
Published: July 2022

Thirty partial coding DNA sequences (CDSs) of the spike gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were obtained from nasopharyngeal swab samples collected in March to July 2021 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, using Sanger sequencing technology. Sequence analysis showed the presence of multiple WHO-designated variants of concern (VOCs), including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, with predominant circulation of Delta variants during that period.
Dietary Utilization Drives the Differentiation of Gut Bacterial Communities between Specialist and Generalist Drosophilid Flies
Authors: Chen Jia-Syuan , Tsaur Shun-Chern , Ting Chau-Ti , Fang Shu
Published: July 2022

Gut bacteria may play roles in the dietary utilization of hosts, especially in specialist animals, during long-term host-microbe interaction. By comparing the gut bacterial communities between specialist and generalist drosophilid flies, we found that specialists harbor more bacteria linked to complex carbohydrate degradation, amino acid metabolism, vitamin B
12
formation, and detoxification than do generalists.
Supplemental Material: Covering the Great Unconformity in southern Laurentia during Rodinia breakup: Detrital zircon studies of provenance evolution during Cambrian marine transgression (Llano Uplift, Texas)
Authors: Kyle J. Richard , al. et
Published: July 2022

Table S1: Detrital zircon sample descriptions and locations from outcrops, roadcuts, and quarries around the Llano Uplift, central Texas. Table S2: Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronologic analyses of central Texas Cambrian sandstones. Figure S1: Distribution of Cambrian sandstones samples in the Llano Uplift with zircons of various age groups.
Small bowel stomas are associated with higher risk of circulating food-specific-IgG than patients with organic gastrointestinal conditions and colostomies
Authors: Carson Walker K , Baumert Joseph L , Clarke Jennifer L , Izard Jacques
Published: July 2022

Objective

The effects of food sensitivity can easily be masked by other digestive symptoms in ostomates and are unknown. We investigated food-specific-IgG presence in ostomates relative to participants affected by other digestive diseases.

Design

Food-specific-IgG was evaluated for 198 participants with a panel of 109 foods. Immunocompetency status was also tested. Jejunostomates, ileostomates and colostomates were compared with individuals with digestive tract diseases with inflammatory components (periodontitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, duodenitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and appendicitis), as well as food malabsorption due to intolerance. A logistic regression model with covariates was used to estimate the effect of the experimental data and demographic characteristics on the likelihood of the immune response.

Results

Jejunostomates and ileostomates had a significant risk of presenting circulating food-specific-IgG in contrast to colostomates (OR 12.70 (p=0.002), 6.19 (p=0.011) and 2.69 (p=0.22), respectively). Crohn’s disease, eosinophilic esophagitis and food malabsorption groups also showed significantly elevated risks (OR 4.67 (p=0.048), 8.16 (p=0.016) and 18.00 (p=0.003), respectively), but not the ulcerative colitis group (OR 2.05 (p=0.36)). Individuals with profoundly or significantly reduced, and mild to moderately reduced, levels of total IgG were protected from the formation of food-specific IgG (OR 0.09 (p=<0.001) and 0.33 (p=0.005), respectively). Males were at higher risk than females.

Conclusion

The strength of a subject’s immunocompetence plays a role in the intensity to which the humoral system responds via food-specific-IgG. An element of biogeography emerges in which the maintenance of a colonic space might influence the risk of having circulating food-specific-IgG in ostomates.
Asserting public health interest in acting on commercial determinants of health in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from a discourse analysis
Authors: Loewenson Rene , Godt Sue , Chanda-Kapata Pascalina
Published: July 2022

The actors influencing the commercial determinants of health (CDOH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have different interests and lenses around the costs and benefits of market influences in health. We analysed the views and priorities on CDOH in the discourse of global and regional agencies, SSA governments, private investors and companies, civil society and academia through a desk review of online publications post-2010, validated by purposively selected key informant interviews.

The most polarised views were between civil society and academia on one hand, focused more on harms, and private business/investors on the other, almost exclusively focused on benefits. Others had mixed messaging, encouraging partnerships with commercial actors for health benefits and also voicing cautions over negative health impacts. Views also differed between transnational and domestic business and investors.

Three areas of discourse stood out, demonstrating also tensions between commercial and public health objectives. These were the role of human rights as fundamental for or obstacle to engaging commercial practice in health; the development paradigm and role of a neoliberal political economy generating harms or opportunities for health; and the implications of commercial activity in health services. COVID-19 has amplified debate, generating demand for public sectors to incentivise commercial activity to ‘modernise’ and digitise health services and meet funding gaps and generating new thinking and engagement on domestic production of key health inputs.

Power plays a critical role in CDOH. Commercial actors in SSA increase their influence through discursive and agential forms of power and take advantage of the structural power gained from a dominant view of free markets and for-profit commerce as essential for well-being. As a counterfactual, we found and present options for using these same three forms of narrative, agential and structural power to proactively advance public health objectives and leadership on CDOH in SSA.
Reforming DoLS: liberty protection safeguards
Authors: Shortis Elizabeth Jane , Newton-Clarke Anna Jane , Verma Anish , Allen Deborah Emma , Viola Elizabeth , Metcalfe Neil H
Published: July 2022

From April 2022, current Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) will be replaced by Liberty Protection Safeguards (LPS). This review article outlines key information about these changes for patients, carers and healthcare professionals, for whom a deprivation of liberty may be relevant.

Deprivation of liberty occurs within healthcare settings when someone’s freedoms are limited in order to meet their care needs and lack capacity to consent to these arrangements. DoLS, enacted in 2009, ensured that patients deprived of liberties in care settings have similar rights to patients held under the Mental Health Act 1983. However, DoLS have been extensively criticised and considered unfit for purpose, therefore are being replaced by LPS.

LPS intend to provide a more robust protection to a wider group of vulnerable people. This includes changes to patient age, transferability between a wider range of care settings, a reduced number of assessments for authorisation and less frequent reauthorisations.

What is already known on this topic

What this study adds

How this study might affect research, practice or policy
Nicotine pouch marketing strategies in the USA: an analysis of Zyn, On! and Velo
Authors: Duan Zongshuan , Henriksen Lisa , Vallone Donna , Rath Jessica M , Evans W Douglas , Romm Katelyn F , Wysota Christina , Berg Carla J
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Nicotine pouches are gaining popularity, yet their marketing is understudied.

Methods

Using Numerator advertising data from January 2019 to September 2021 regarding three popular brands of nicotine pouch in the USA—Zyn (by Swedish Match, introduced in the USA in July 2016), On! (Altria, August 2016) and Velo (RJ Reynolds, July 2019)—we examined (1) general advertising characteristics (eg, media type, year); (2) ad content (ie, headlines and imagery themes); (3) prominent media channels (ie, specific websites, magazines, etc); and (4) ad expenditures.

Results

There were 286 unique ads (Zyn: 44.4%; On!: 2.8%; Velo: 52.8%), 119 143 occurrences (Zyn: 3.5%; On!: 0.5%; Velo: 96.0%) and $24 774 650 total expenditures (Zyn: 4.7%; On!: 0.6%; Velo: 94.7%). The greatest proportion of ad occurrences and expenditures were accounted for by radio (75.9% and 28.2%, respectively) and television (16.2% and 56.5%), followed by mobile (0.5% and 7.2%) and online display (6.7% and 3.6%). Across ad occurrences and expenditures, prominent headline themes included ‘freedom’ (26.0% and 17.1%, respectively), ‘brand’ (9.6% and 18.6%) and ‘flavour’ (16.4% and 7.6%); images mainly featured the product alone (61.4% and 56.1%), text (16.2% and 24.6%) or men (8.7% and 8.6%); and prominent channel themes were entertainment (34.7% and 37.3%), news/weather (14.3% and 21.7%), business/finance (12.9% and 9.0%) and sports (9.5% and 1.0%). Zyn and On! prioritised online display and print; Velo prioritised radio and television. Zyn’s and Velo’s headlines focused on ‘freedom’, with Zyn also emphasising ‘brand’ and Velo ‘innovation’; On!’s headlines emphasised ‘flavour’.

Conclusions

Regulatory efforts must be informed by surveillance of nicotine pouch marketing and impacts on consumer subgroups (eg, young people).
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS AN EFFICIENT INDICATOR MONITORING AND PROGNOSING CANINE INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
Authors: Sung Chi-Hsuan , Liu Pin-Chen , Hsu Julia Chu-Ning , Chou Chi-Chung
Published: July 2022

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that may increase in response to various inflammatory conditions or infections in human and animals. It has been suggestive to use CRP levels to diagnose, monitor and prognose canine inflammatory diseases; however, its practical uses remain obscure. We have comparatively demonstrated the use of CRP, total white blood cell (WBC) counts and neutrophil counts to monitor the progression of four canine common disorders, including acute pancreatitis, acute abdomen syndrome, neoplastic diseases and pyometra. A total of 52 cases were included in this study. The CRP concentration, complete blood count and protein profile were measured before and on days 1, 2 of hospitalization, day of discharge and the day of follow-up visit. Statistical analyses indicated that CRP is the only parameter with elevated concentrations significantly differ among different days. None of the clinicopathological variables correlated well with serum CRP concentrations except for visual negative correlation to albumin. Differential efficiencies were observed when using CRP and total WBC counts to monitor the four disorders. The CRP and total WBC counts were equally efficient in monitoring pyometra and neoplastic disease patients, while in acute pancreatitis and acute abdomen syndrome, the use of CRP was clearly advantageous. Overall, CRP is a more sensitive marker showing an evident up-and-down trend and with greater degree of responses than total WBC and neutrophil counts, which enable CRP a better quantitative analysis of disease progression. In conclusion, CRP levels exhibit various degrees of clinical potential to monitor the development and treatment progress of canine diseases with inflammatory components. The inclusion of other inflammatory biomarkers and the study of CRP isoforms warrant further investigation.
Differential Frequency Heterodyne Time-of-Flight Imaging for Instantaneous Depth and Velocity Estimation
Authors: Hu Yunpu , Miyashita Leo , Ishikawa Masatoshi
Published: July 2022

In this study, we discuss the imaging of depth and velocity using heterodyne-mode time-of-flight (ToF) cameras. In particular, Doppler ToF (D-ToF) imaging utilizes heterodyne modulation to measure the velocity from the Doppler frequency shift, which uniquely facilitates the instantaneous radial velocity estimation. However, theoretical discussion on D-ToF is limited to orthogonal frequency and sinusoidal waveform modulation. This study extends the formulation of the D-ToF imaging, and proposes an arbitrary-frequency, arbitrary-waveform framework considering a phase-compensated, symmetrical two-dimensional correlation map. With the proposed framework, the optimal heterodyne frequency for frequency decoding is found. A differential frequency sampling and decoding method is then proposed, which computes the frequency and phase from as few as four simultaneously captured images. With an experiment platform we built, it is confirmed that the minimum velocity sensing error is half that of the orthogonal frequency method, and the sensible phase range is approximately 2.5 times larger. The conclusions in this study allow the ToF velocity imaging to be applied at the optimal sample frequencies for a wide range of ToF sensors. This pushes one step further to the practical use of ToF velocity imaging.
Collaborative QoE management using SDN
Authors: Floris Alessandro , Atzori Luigi
Published: July 2022

The Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm offers the flexibility and programmability in the deployment and management of network services by separating the Control plane from the Data plane. Being based on network abstractions and virtualization techniques, SDN allows for simplifying the implementation of traffic engineering techniques as well as the communication among different services providers, included Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Over The Top (OTT) providers. For these reasons, the SDN architectures have been widely used in the last years for the QoE-aware management of multimedia services.
JPEG column: 87th JPEG meeting
Authors: Pinheiro Antonio
Published: July 2022

The 87th JPEG meeting initially planned to be held in Erlangen, Germany, was held online from 25-30, April 2020 because of the Covid-19 outbreak. JPEG experts participated in a number of online meetings attempting to make them as effective as possible while considering participation from different time zones, ranging from Australia to California, U.S.A.
MPEG column: 131st MPEG meeting (virtual/online)
Authors: Timmerer Christian
Published: July 2022

The 131st MPEG meeting concluded on July 3, 2020, online, again but with a press release comprising an impressive list of news items which is led by "MPEG Announces VVC - the Versatile Video Coding Standard". Just in the middle of the SC 29 (i.e., MPEG's parent body within ISO) restructuring process, MPEG successfully ratified - jointly with ITU-T's VCEG within JVET - its next-generation video codec among other interesting results from the 131st MPEG meeting.
Report from ACM MMSys 2020
Authors: Keighrey Conor
Published: July 2022

With a warm welcome from Istanbul, Ali C. Begen (Ozyegin University and Networked Media, Turkey) opened MMSys 2020 this year. In light of the global pandemic, the conference has taken a new format being delivered online for the first time. This, however, was not the only first for MMSys, Laura Toni (University College London, UK) is introduced as the first-ever female co-chair for the conference. This year, the organising committee presented gender and culturally diverse line-up of researchers from all around the globe. In parallel, two new grand challenges were introduced on the topics of "Improving Open-Source HEVC Encoding" and "Low-latency live streaming" for the first time ever at MMSys.
Glomerular filtration rate reserve is reduced during mild passive heat stress in healthy young adults
Authors: Freemas Jessica A. , Worley Morgan L. , Gabler Mikaela C. , Hess Hayden W. , Mcdeavitt Jovi , Baker Tyler B. , Johnson Blair D. , Chapman Christopher L. , Schlader Zachary J.
Published: July 2022

We tested the hypothesis that, compared with normothermia, the increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after an oral protein load (defined as the GFR reserve) is attenuated during moderate passive heat stress in young healthy adults. Sixteen participants (5 women; 26 ± 2 yr) completed two experimental visits, heat stress or a normothermic time-control, assigned in a block-randomized crossover design. During the heat stress trial, core temperature was increased by 0.6°C in the first hour before commencing a 2-min cold pressor test (CPT) to assess renal vasoconstrictor responses. One-hour post-CPT, subjects ingested a whey protein shake (1.2 g of protein/kg body wt), and measurements were taken pre-, 75, and 150 min postprotein. Segmental artery vascular resistance was calculated as the quotient of Doppler ultrasound-derived segmental artery blood velocity and mean arterial pressure and provided an estimate of renal vascular tone. GFR was estimated from creatinine clearance. The increase in segmental artery vascular resistance during the CPT was attenuated during heat stress (end CPT: 5.6 ± 0.9 vs. 4.7 ± 1.1 mmHg/cm/s, P = 0.024). However, the reduction in segmental artery vascular resistance in response to an oral protein load did not differ between heat stress (at 150 min: 1.9 ± 0.4 mmHg/cm/s) and normothermia (at 150 min: 1.8 ± 0.5 mmHg/cm/s; P = 0.979). The peak increase in creatinine clearance postprotein, independent of time, was attenuated during heat stress (+26 ± 19 vs. +16 ± 20 mL/min, P = 0.013, n = 13). GFR reserve is diminished by mild passive heat stress. Moreover, renal vasoconstrictor responses are attenuated by mild passive heat stress, but renal vasodilator responses are maintained.
CLSTAN: ConvLSTM-Based Spatiotemporal Attention Network for Traffic Flow Forecasting
Authors: Xiong Liyan , Ding Weihua , Huang Xiaohui , Huang Weichun
Published: July 2022

Traffic flow forecasting is the essential part of intelligent transportation sSystem (ITS), which can fully protect traffic safety and improve traffic system management capability. Nevertheless, it is still a challenging problem, which is influenced by many complex factors, including regional distribution and external factors (e.g., holidays and weather). To combine various factors to forecast traffic flow, we presented a novel neural network structure called ConvLSTM-based Spatiotemporal Attention Network (CLSTAN). Specifically, our proposed model is composed of four modules: a preliminary feature extraction module, a spatial attention module, a temporal attention module, and an information fusion module. The spatiotemporal attention module can efficiently learn the complex spatiotemporal patterns of traffic flow through the attention mechanism. The spatial attention module uses a series of initial traffic flow maps as input and obtains the weights of the various regions through a ConvLSTM. The temporal attention module uses the spatially weighted traffic flow map as input and acquires the complex spatiotemporal patterns of traffic flow by a ConvLSTM that introduces an attention mechanism. Finally, the information fusion module integrates spatiotemporal information from multiple time dimensions to forecast future traffic flow. Moreover, to confirm the validity of our method, our experiments were conducted extensively on the TaxiBJ and BikeNYC datasets, and ultimately, CLSTAN performed better than other baseline experiments.
An Online Japanese Teaching Mode Based on Virtual Reality
Authors: Liu Jia , Zou Yu
Published: July 2022

With the close cultural exchanges between China and Japan, the demand and quality of Japanese talents are gradually increasing. Traditional Japanese teaching modes and measures cannot meet the basic requirements. With the rapid development of network multimedia technology and virtual reality technology, in the process of Japanese teaching, virtual reality technology is used to reform the traditional teaching mode and to improve the quality of Japanese teaching. Based on virtual reality technology, this paper studies the online Japanese teaching mode, analyses the characteristics of Japanese teaching, combines modern information technology to assist teaching, comprehensively improves the quality of Japanese teaching, and improves the traditional Japanese teaching mode. By describing the concept, basic features, and components of the AR system in detail and by introducing the virtual construction method based on the geometric model, this paper improves the traditional Japanese teaching mode and establishes the online Japanese teaching mode. Finally, the online Japanese teaching mode for one semester is applied in colleges and universities to analyze whether this mode can improve students’ interest in Japanese learning and the effect of Japanese learning. The results show that 59% of the students using this mode expressed an increased interest in Japanese learning, while only 25.8% of the students not using this mode showed an increased interest in Japanese learning. 72% of students indicated that they could improve their oral Japanese performance after using this model, while 45% of students who did not use this model could improve their oral Japanese performance.
Cerebral Angiography under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm in the Design of Nursing Cooperation Plan for Intracranial Aneurysm Patients in Craniotomy Clipping
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Xie Yanan , Zhang Xu , Li Wei
Published: July 2022

This research was to investigate the value of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) based on maximum interclass variance (Otsu) method in the nursing plan of intracranial aneurysm clipping (ICAC) for intracranial aneurysm patients. An Otsu algorithm was selected to optimize the original images with the optimal threshold. In addition, the algorithm was applied to ICGA images of 86 patients with intracranial aneurysms, who were randomly divided into an experimental group (using ICGA + ICAC+ perioperative nursing) and a control group (ICAC + conventional nursing), to observe the clinical indicators, treatment, complications, nursing satisfaction, and quality of life of patients in two groups. The results showed that the mean square error (MSE), structural similarity (SSIM), and shape error (SE) were 3.71, 0.84, and 0.47, respectively. The length of hospital stay in the experimental group (

19.9
±
3.5

days) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (

23.2
±
3.0

days), the rate of excellent treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the incidence of complications was lower. WHOQOL-BREF scores of the two groups after nursing intervention were higher than before, and the score in the experimental group was higher than the control group. In addition, the nursing satisfaction was also significantly higher in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, ICGA based on the Otsu method could effectively evaluate the cerebrovascular morphology during craniotomy and ICAP and improve the surgical efficacy. Combined with perioperative nursing intervention, it could greatly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, improve the treatment effect and quality of life, and enhance the long-term prognosis.
Study on Detection of the Bearing Stratum Integrity of Bored Pile Based on Transient Electromagnetic Method
Authors: Pan Chunwei , Zhang Guocai , Chen Sheng , Zheng Fangkun , Liu Xue
Published: July 2022

To ensure the safe construction of bridge pile foundation in karst area, it is necessary to accurately detect the unfavorable geological conditions such as karst cave and soft layer before excavation. In this paper, the transient electromagnetic method is used to probe the geological conditions near the pile Y1 of an interworking main bridge in China’s Hunan Province. By arranging 5 measuring lines at the pile Y1, the voltage variation laws of 21 monitoring points on each measuring line are obtained, and the resistivity variation cloud maps at the measuring line positions are inversed. The results show that the voltage signals at line 1 and line 5 are obviously abnormal, and the resistivity varies greatly within 50 m underground depth, which indicates that there may be adverse geological conditions such as karst cave and carbonaceous limestone interlayer. Further, through on-site hole digging and sampling, it is found that the slag sample in the area above 50 m of the stratum of pile Y1 is wet, and the slag sample below 50 m is dry without argillaceous interlayer, which verifies the effectiveness of transient electromagnetic detection method. Because the transient electromagnetic detection technology does not need drilling and the detection process is convenient, it may provide a new means for quickly detecting the integrity of the bearing layer of bored cast-in-place pile in bridge construction.
Study on the Vertical Stiffness of Bridge Expansion Joints Based on the Vehicle-Track-Bridge Coupled Model
Authors: Wang Yunlu , Gao Mangmang , Yang Fei
Published: July 2022

Bridge expansion joints (BEJs) are equipped at the girder end of long-span railway bridges to ensure the reliable transition of the track. BEJs should have suitable dynamic stiffness to ensure the running safety and stability of the vehicle. To explore the influence of dynamic vertical stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of vehicle, track, and bridge, a three-dimensional vehicle-track-bridge coupled model is established, and the influence of sleeper spacing and vehicle speed are taken into consideration. Taking a high-speed railway line in China as a case study, the dynamic response of the whole system is calculated. The results show that (1) the dynamic response of BEJs and the vehicle is affected by the vehicle speed and sleeper spacing. With the increase of vehicle speed and sleeper spacing, the dynamic response of the system increases; (2) the vertical stiffness of BEJs will affect the dynamic response of BEJs and the interaction between the wheel and rail: the vertical dynamic displacement of movable sleeper will exceed the limit if the vertical stiffness of pressure-bearing is insufficient, and the wheel unloading rate may exceed the limit if the vertical stiffness of the cushion plate is insufficient. Based on the results, the larger vertical stiffness of the cushion plate and pressure-bearing is recommended. These results have been applied to the design of BEJs on the studied railway line, which are in good service condition at present.
A Pedagogical Framework for Advanced Learners during COVID-19 for Engineering Students
Authors: Shukla Harshit , Ahuja Neelu Jyothi , Choudhury Tanupriya , Imran Faisal
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised unprecedented challenges for the progressive education community universally. One crucial challenge is the engagement of advanced learners in pandemic times. Their academic interest is retained, their performance does not decline, and they get access to appropriate resources in time. This article will elaborate on the identification mechanism and the categorization of the students grounded on their comforts and performance. The pedagogical framework is developed for advanced learners by focused interventions such as providing exposure to industry-oriented problems, international virtual events, online courses and software, career counseling by industry leaders, and preparation for higher education. In this article, we are discussing obligatory interventions and their outcomes. Adopting blended learning is becoming a boon to learners by effectively using online resources. Working with these advanced learners, the teacher can directly converse the precise space where the scholar needs the support. In this research, student-centric methods are used. A pedagogical framework is proposed for aerospace engineering students. Advanced learners are categorized into specializations based on real-time data analysis such as aerodynamics, propulsion, space technology, and avionics. Analysis suggests that the categorization and targeted pedagogical intervention yields better student performance outcomes. Based on this study, we started offering specialization-based courses at the undergraduate level in coming batches.
A Calculation Method for Ground Shock Effect Induced by Hypervelocity Impact
Authors: Zhang Junnan , Wang Derong , Xu Tianhan , Li Jie , Wang Zhen , Ji Yuguo , Xu Xiaohui
Published: July 2022

In the hypervelocity impact event, the strong ground shock effect is induced and may cause damage to underground engineering. The existing experimental methods and calculation procedures have difficulties in estimating the ground shock under complicated and large-scale impacts. Analytical and experiential methods independently prove that the shock energy radiating from a certain region underground is proportional to the mass of the materials in the region. Based on this relationship, an equivalent method is proposed to estimate the impact-induced ground shock with the help of abundant research results for underground explosions: The ground shock of two events can be seen as being equivalent as long as their crater sizes are the same. The calculated ground shock effect is compared with the measured values in impact experiments, and the results show great agreement.
Jamming Attack in Vehicular Networks: Adaptively Probabilistic Channel Surfing Scheme
Authors: Giang Anh Tuan , Tran Hoang Tung , Le Huu Ton , Doan Nhat Quang , Nguyen Minh Huong
Published: July 2022

Vehicular networks play a crucial role in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), making transportation safer and more convenient. Most applications in ITS require information carried by basic safety messages (BSMs) to be exchanged periodically among vehicles. However, BSMs are vulnerable to different attacks, especially jamming attacks, due to their limited short message length and life span. In this paper, we analyze the impact of a jamming attack on BSMs and initially propose a random channel surfing scheme to attempt to react to the attack. We investigate the scheme by a simple extendible probabilistic model and simulation in NS-3. Obtained results provide a reference to design an optimal channel surfing scheme that adapts to its supported applications.
Motor Imagery Recognition Method Based on Multisource Transfer Learning and Multiclassifier Fusion
Authors: Gao Chang , Sun Jie
Published: July 2022

There are two common problems in the field of motor imagery (MI) recognition, which are poor generalization and low recognition performance. A recognition method based on multisource transfer learning and multiclassifier fusion is therefore proposed to realize the MI classification. In this approach, multisource transfer learning method is used to transfer samples from multiple source domains to target domain. The source domain selection method based on distribution similarity is designed to select those source domains whose distribution is similar to the target domain, and samples with high information entropy are selected from these source domains for transferring. Then, an MI classification method is proposed through the fusion of multiple classifiers. The classifiers are trained by labeled samples in the target domain and the transferred samples in multiple source domains. The new sample in the target domain can be identified by the weight fusion of the results of these classifiers. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, four types of motor imagery in the BCI Competition IV dataset 2a were used to evaluate the recognition ability, and the results approved an excellent recognition and generalization performance as well as a better training efficiency comparing to the well-applied methods nowadays.
Quantitative Influence Analysis of the Development Scale of Market Economy on the Level of Music Innovation
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Qiuyi , Gong Tianzhuo
Published: July 2022

Music art is a form of conveying cultural information and humanistic emotions. From ancient times to the present, the form of music has undergone great changes. The change of music form is closely related to the change in dynasties, the development of the market economy, and the change in humanistic spirit. Today, the development of music has reached a relatively prosperous stage, which is closely related to the rapid development of the market economy. At the heart of the quantitative analysis is the study of associations between data. However, it will be a difficult task to analyze the relationship between the development scale of the market economy and the form of music innovation only by artificial means. This research mainly uses a convolutional neural network and long and short‐term memory neural network technology to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the development scale of the market economy and the form of music innovation, which is mainly a quantitative analysis of classical music, pop music, and rap music. The research results show that convolutional neural networks and long short‐term memory neural networks have sufficient capabilities to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the market development scale and the form of music innovation. Neural networks with LSTM layers have lower errors in predicting market economic correlates than neural network methods without LSTM layers. The error is reduced by 0.27%. For the prediction of innovative forms of music, the largest prediction error is only 2.93%, which is closely related to the variability of popular music. The linear correlation indices for the predictions of the three forms of musical innovation also all exceed 0.955.
Deceptive Adherence to Anticoagulation in Secondary Stroke Prevention
Authors: Vibo Riina , Kuningas Juhan-Mats , Tsakuhhin Prinno , Kõrv Janika
Published: July 2022

Background. Oral anticoagulants (OAC) effectively reduce the risk for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to assess OAC treatment adherence in secondary stroke prevention and to find predictors of adherence using individualized patient data. Methods. This retrospective cohort study included patients with a discharge diagnosis of ischemic stroke and AF from Tartu University Hospital from 2017 to 2018. Data from patient charts and the Electronic Hospital Information, Estonian Electronic Prescription, and Estonian Electronic Health Record systems were registered. Results. Of the 353 patients, 237 (67%) were prescribed OAC treatment at discharge and during the first year after stroke, 202 (85%) of them used OAC treatment. The mean adherence was 81%, while only 68% had good adherence. Reduced non-vitamin K antagonist OAC (NOAC) dose was used in 68 patients (39%), which was justified in 23 (34%). First-ever stroke occurrence was the only significant factor for good treatment adherence in logistic regression analysis. There were 47 patients (23%) with complications among the patients on OAC treatment. Majority of the patients (70%) with hemorrhagic complications and 52% of patients with thromboembolic complications had good treatment adherence Conclusions. Our study showed that OAC treatment adherence following stroke was modest and first-ever stroke was the only predictor of good or full treatment adherence.
Animal Models and Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Gao Xin , Li Jia , Pang Xueping , Cong Kaiyuan , Jiang Chunlei , Han Bingxuan , Gao Jiawei , Wang Zhihao , Hu Jiangshan , Wen Kaijun , Ye Xinfa , Dou Liwen
Published: July 2022

Background. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease which is needed to be predicted. Objective. To analyze various animal models of UC conditions and summarizes the animal selection, model progression, and pathogenic mechanisms of UC animal models. Methods. We surveyed the research papers published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, SciFinder, and Web of Science in the past 5 years and discussed the experimental animals, modeling methods, and pathogenic mechanisms. Results. In the selection of experimental animals, rats are considered the best experimental animals. The mainstream modeling methods can be categorized into the chemical stimulation method, immune stimulation method, and compound method, among which the compound method is the most successful. In the study of the pathogenesis of UC, the pathogenesis of UC is due to various pathogenic factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PG), proinflammatory factors (IL, TNF-α), and intestinal flora. Conclusion. The method of building an animal model of UC is well-established, providing a more targeted selection of animal models for future related experiments.
Trajectory Planning of UAVs with Fault Tolerance Based on Monte Carlo Sampling
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Chen Lin , Zhou Yang , Liu Fuyun
Published: July 2022

Due to the limitation of system positioning accuracy, it is necessary to correct an unmanned aerial vehicle’s (UAV) error by some correct points arranged in advance, in order to successfully accomplish their tasks. Planning the optimal trajectory of UAVs considering error correction with fault tolerance is a great challenge that almost has not been broken out because corrections may fail by these points. To address the issue, this paper proposes two trajectory planning methods based on “the definite rule” and Monte Carlo sampling. By constructing five calculation models of the two methods in detail, designing the algorithms appropriately, and developing computational programs based on MATLAB, the results of trajectory planning of UAVs from a practical problem are obtained. The results achieve the optimization objectives that the total trajectory length is as short as possible and that the correction points UAV passes are as few as possible, and meanwhile, the optimal trajectory satisfies all the constraints, which illustrate the feasibility and reasonability of trajectory planning based on the definite rule and Monte Carlo sampling. The comparable results show that computation time is 104 and 195 times that of this paper when the Dijkstra algorithm with ant colony algorithm and the greedy algorithm with tabu search algorithm are respectively used, which illustrate the high efficiency of the proposed method. This work provides a feasible solution for UAVs’ trajectory planning that considers the error corrections and failure probability on certain correction points and achieves trajectory planning of UAVs with fault tolerance.
Antiviral Therapy for Prevention of Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Reduces the Incidence of Postpartum Hepatitis Flare
Authors: Quan Min , Liu Xiao-Min , Liu Cong , Li Wei , Xing Hui-Chun
Published: July 2022

Background: Currently, there are few studies on the effect of prophylactic anti‐hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy (AVT) for mother‐to‐child transmission during pregnancy on postpartum hepatitis flare (PHF) and the risk factors for postpartum hepatitis flare in women with chronic hepatitis B infection. Aim: To analyze the effect of AVT on the postpartum hepatitis flare and risk factors related to postpartum hepatitis flare. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive women with HBV DNA ≥ 106  IU/mL. Six hundred fourteen pregnant women were included: 444 in the anti‐HBV therapy group (T‐G) and 170 in the control group (C‐G). To analyze the risk factors, women with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare (ALT > 40 U/L) were assigned to the PHF group (PHF‐G, n = 355), and all the others were assigned to a non‐PHF group (NPHF‐G, n = 259). Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, ALT and AST levels were higher, and ALB levels were lower in the C‐G than those in T‐G (P < 0.05). Also, ALT (at baseline, pregnancy 32nd and 36th, intrapartum), AST (at pregnancy 32nd and 36th week, and intrapartum), HBcAb (at baseline, intrapartum), and HBV DNA (at intrapartum) of PHF‐G were significantly higher than those of NPHF‐G (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that ALT (OR = 1.067, P < 0.001) and HBcAb (OR = 1.213, P ≤ 0.001) in pregnant women were risk factors for PHF. The prophylactic anti‐HBV for the prevention of perinatal HBV transmission (OR = 0.357, P < 0.001) was the protective factor for PHF. Conclusion: Pregnant women with prophylactic anti‐HBV during the third trimester of pregnancy had a lower incidence of postpartum hepatitis flare, especially a lower risk of serious hepatitis flare. ALT and HBcAb in pregnant women were risk factors for PHF. Women infected with HBV should be closely monitored ALT during pregnancy and postpartum.
Optimization and Allocation Method of Regional Groundwater Pollution Investigation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Model
Authors: Zhang Feng
Published: July 2022

In urban construction, various heavy metals and pollutants have become an important source of urban pollution, and groundwater has become its main pollution object. In order to investigate and analyze the water pollution in the main urban area of HeFei, this article firstly analyzes the whole process through the investigation of groundwater status and characteristics and simulates each step effectively using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Then, taking the nine districts of HeFei as the actual investigation site and research object, a systematic and comprehensive investigation and simulation of groundwater pollution in the HeFei area was carried out. The results showed that the weight of chemical pollution is 0.450, environmental factors 0.241, and domestic pollution 0.309 in the target layer of HeFei’s main urban area, while the sample distribution weight of each unit was the highest in Baohe District and the lowest in Chaohu City. Finally, the countermeasures for regional water pollution are put forward.
Recommendation of Business Models for Agriculture-Related Platforms Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Yufei , Hua Sha
Published: July 2022

Agriculture is a basic and pillar industry. With the integration and development of Internet+, platform economy, and various industries, the business model of agriculture-related platforms is also constantly innovating. In this context, it is necessary to recommend suitable business models for different types of agriculture-related platforms. Based on the characteristics of agriculture-related platforms and various business models, this paper proposes a business model recommendation algorithm based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). This method trains the RBFNN model with the goal of maximizing the correlation between agricultural-related platforms and business models. In the application stage, for a specific agriculture-related platform, after inputting its characteristic parameters, a suitable business model can be recommended. In the experiment, the proposed method is tested and verified with relevant data, and the results show the effectiveness of the method.
An Improved Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm Based on Inertia Weight and Attenuation Factor
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Yao Heming , Jiao Yuzhao , Lou Taishan , Wang Yunfei
Published: July 2022

The beetle antennae search algorithm is an effective bio-inspired algorithm. However, the algorithm is easy to fall into local optimal solution when dealing with high-dimensional and multimodal problems. An improved beetle antennae search algorithm based on inertia weight and attenuation factor was proposed in order to solve the problems. The inertia weights of normal distribution, versoria distribution, and random distribution are introduced into the weight to improve the search strategy, which was introduced to control the proportion of global search and local search so that the algorithm will escape the local optimum. Meanwhile, the randomness is introduced in the process of beetle’s step-size update, which can better help beetle to escape from the local optimum. Experiments on some benchmarks show that the algorithm has obvious performance improvement in dealing with high-dimensional and multimodal problems.