bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed-Gradient Adaptive Control for Parametrically Uncertain UAVs in Formation
Authors: Popov Alexander M. , Kostrygin Daniil G. , Shevchik Anatoly A. , Andrievsky Boris
Published: December 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of the decentralized control of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation in the case of parametric uncertainty. A new version of the feedback linearization approach is proposed and used for a point mass UAV model transformation. As result, a linear model is obtained containing an unknown value of the UAV mass. Employing the speed-gradient design method and the implicit reference model concept, a combined adaptive control law is proposed for a single UAV, including the UAV’s mass estimation and adaptive tuning of the controller parameters. The obtained new algorithms are then used to address the problem of consensus-based decentralized control of the UAV formation. Rigorous stability conditions for control and identification are derived, and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the quality of the closed-loop control system for various conditions.
Compact MIMO System Performances in Metallic Enclosures
Authors: Lodro Mir , Gradoni Gabriele , Smartt Christopher , Thomas David , Greedy Steve
Published: December 2022

In this work, we present a 2 × 2 near-field multi-input multiple-output (MIMO) prototype for bit-error-rate (BER) and error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements in a metal enclosure. The near-field MIMO prototype was developed using software-defined-radios (SDRs) for over-the-air transmission of QPSK modulated baseband waveforms. We checked the near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements in three different scenarios in a highly reflecting metal enclosure environment. In the first scenario, the line-of-sight (LOS) communication link was investigated when the mode stirrer was stationary. In the stationary channel conditions, near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements are performed. In the second scenario, BER and EVM measurements were performed in dynamic channel conditions when the mode stirrer was set to move continuously. In the third scenario, LOS communication near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements were performed in stationary channel conditions but now in the presence of MIMO interference. In three different scenarios, near-field MIMO BER and EVM measurements were investigated at different Tx USRP gain values and in the presence of varying levels of MIMO interference.
Prediction of TOC in Lishui–Jiaojiang Sag Using Geochemical Analysis, Well Logs, and Machine Learning
Authors: Han Xu , Hou Dujie , Cheng Xiong , Li Yan , Niu Congkai , Chen Shuosi
Published: December 2022

Total organic carbon (TOC) is important geochemical data for evaluating the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks. TOC is commonly measured experimentally using cutting and core samples. The coring process and experimentation are always expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we evaluated the use of three machine learning (ML) models and two multiple regression models to predict TOC based on well logs. The well logs involved gamma rays (GR), deep resistivity (RT), density (DEN), acoustic waves (AC), and neutrons (CN). The ML models were developed based on random forest (RF), extreme learning machine (ELM), and back propagation neural network (BPNN). The source rock of Paleocene Yueguifeng Formation in Lishui–Jiaojiang Sag was taken as a case study. The number of TOC measurements used for training and testing were 50 and 27. All well logs and selected well logs (including AC, CN, and DEN) were used as inputs, respectively, for comparison. The performance of each model has been evaluated using different factors, including R2, MAE, MSE, and RMSE. The results suggest that using all well logs as input improved the TOC prediction accuracy, and the error was reduced by more than 30%. The accuracy comparison of ML and multiple regression models indicated the BPNN was the best, followed by RF and then multiple regression. The worst performance was observed in the ELM models. Considering the running time, the BPNN model has higher prediction accuracy but longer running time in small-sample regression prediction. The RF model can run faster while ensuring a certain prediction accuracy. This study confirmed the ability of ML models for estimating TOC using well logs data in the study area.
Recurrent Neural Network-Based Nonlinear Optimization for Braking Control of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yan Jiapeng , Kong Huifang , Man Zhihong
Published: December 2022

In this paper, electro-hydraulic braking (EHB) force allocation for electric vehicles (EVs) is modeled as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem (NOP). Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are advantageous in many folds for solving NOPs, yet existing RNNs’ convergence usually requires convexity with calculation of second-order partial derivatives. In this paper, a recurrent neural network-based NOP solver (RNN-NOPS) is developed. It is seen that the RNN-NOPS is designed to drive all state variables to asymptotically converge to the feasible region, with loose requirement on the NOP’s first-order partial derivative. In addition, the RNN-NOPS’s equilibria are proved to meet Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, and the RNN-NOPS behaves with a strong robustness against the violation of the constraints. The comparative studies are conducted to show RNN-NOPS’s advantages for solving the EHB force allocation problem, it is reported that the overall regenerative energy of RNN-NOPS is 15.39% more than that of the method for comparison under SC03 cycle.
The Impact of Sustainable Regional Development Policy on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Yangtze River Delta of China
Authors: Hu Jinxing , Shao Cuiying , Zhang Zhaolong
Published: December 2022

Urban agglomerations are becoming an increasingly important factor in advancing regional development and reshaping a new pattern of regional competition. However, few studies are focused on the impact of expanding urban agglomerations on reducing carbon emissions and its possible mechanism. Based on 285 city-level panel data from 2006 to 2017, this paper uses a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to explore the reduction effect and its possible mechanism of sustainable regional development policy, characterized by urban agglomeration expansion policy in the Yangtze River Delta, on carbon emissions with policy shocks in 2010 and 2013. The results are as follows: (1) The urban agglomeration expansion policy shows a significant marginal contribution to the reduction of carbon emissions, especially for the later joined (new) cities, and the reduction effect is particularly significant in the first and third years after the expansion, indicating that there are significant short-term and long-term reduction effects of the expansion policy. (2) The heterogeneities of reduction effect among three provinces are significant. Zhejiang Province enjoys the largest proportion carbon emission reduction effect, followed by Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. To be specific, urban agglomeration expansion in Zhejiang Province reduced carbon emissions and carbon emissions intensity in the overall, incumbent cities and new cities, while it only increased the total carbon emissions of the incumbent cities in Jiangsu province. (3) The heterogeneities of reduction effect brought by 2010 and 2013 are also significant. The urban agglomeration expansion policy in 2010 reduced carbon emissions on the whole cities and the incumbent cities with later joined cities excluded, while it had a significant reduction effect on the total, incumbent cities, and the new cities in 2013. (4) There are two possible mechanisms of this reduction effect. One is the strengthening of economic ties and enhanced environmental synergy between governments, called the market integration mechanism, which only has a significant effect on carbon emission reduction in the incumbent cities. Another is through the upgrade of the structure of regional industries, which has a significant effect in both the incumbent and new cities. These findings suggest that when formulating urban agglomerations polices, governments must take into account the carbon emissions effect, and advance the upgrading of industrial structure in the urban agglomeration.
Developed Brinkman Model into a Porous Collector for Solar Energy Applications with a Single-Phase Flow
Authors: Rezapour Mojtaba , Fanaee Sayyed , Ghodrat Maryam
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the effects of the fluid-thermal parameters of a porous medium with different values of porosity and permeability on the fluid flow, heat, and concentration parameters were investigated for solar energy applications. The characteristics of the boundary layer, velocity profiles, pressure drop, and thermal and high heat concentration distribution have been analyzed. A developed Brinkman equation for fluid flow and a power law model for thermal conductivity (considering the porosity and permeability factors) were calculated with constant solar heat flux. The numerical model was developed based on the finite element method by the LU algorithm using the MUMPS solver. The Brinkman equations were solved under steady and unsteady states for velocity, pressure, thermal, and concentration distribution effects, respectively. In a porous medium, the normalized temperature of the presented model had an acceptable agreement with the experimental data, with a maximum error of 3%. At constant permeability, by decreasing the porosity, the velocity profile was extended. This was mainly due to the presence of pores in the collector. With an accelerated flow, the maximum velocity of 2.5 m/s occurred at a porosity of 0.2. It was also found that in the porous collector, the Nusselt number increased where the maximum difference between the porous and the nonporous collectors occurred at the beginning of the collector, with a value of 32%, and the minimum difference was 27%. The results also indicate that in the porous collector, solar energy absorbance was higher and the heat transfer was improved. However, an increase in the pressure drop was noted in the porous collectors.
Progress in Solar Thermal Systems and Their Role in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Olabi Abdul Ghani , Shehata Nabila , Maghrabie Hussein M. , Heikal Lobna A. , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Rahman Shek Mohammod Atiqure , Shah Sheikh Khaleduzzaman , Sayed Enas Taha
Published: December 2022

The use of solar thermal systems (STSs) has recently reached a significant edge. The increasing research on developing an alternative power supply for limiting fossil fuel usage and climate change are the driving forces of STSs. The current work explores the recent progress in STSs’ applications, including PV/T or “photovoltaic/thermal” systems, zero-energy buildings, greenhouse solar thermal applications, solar thermal for pumping water, solar thermal refrigerators, solar chimneys, water desalination, and solar collectors, along with the benefits and challenges of these applications. Then, the potential contribution of STSs in achieving the various SDGs or “Sustainable development goals”, including barriers and research gaps, are elaborated. In brief, STSs significantly contribute to the seventeen SDGs’ achievement directly and indirectly. Recent developments in the engineering applications of STSs are strongly based on the materials of construction, as well as their design, process optimisation, and integration with multidisciplinary sciences and technologies such as modelling, nanoscience/nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence.
Design Space Analysis of the Dual-Active-Bridge Converter for More Electric Aircraft
Authors: Fernandez-Hernandez Alejandro , Gonzalez-Hernando Fernando , Garcia-Bediaga Asier , Villar Irma , Abad Gonzalo
Published: December 2022

In the literature, different DC/DC power electronic converters (PECs) have been found to interconnect high-voltage DC and low-voltage DC grids in the electric power distribution networks of aircraft. In this scenario, the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter has been shown to be one of the most promising topologies. The main disadvantages of this PEC are the large output capacitance required to satisfy more electric aircraft (MEA) requirements and the high conduction losses produced in low-voltage power devices of (LV). Therefore, this paper proposes analytical models to determine the voltage ripple and root-mean-square (RMS) current in DC bus capacitors of DABs considering different modulation strategies. Moreover, an analysis of the design space in an MEA case study is performed to evaluate the influence of the design variables in power losses of power devices and peak-to-peak voltage ripple in DC bus capacitors. These models are useful for the design stage of this PEC, as well as to enable multi-objective optimization procedures by reducing the computational cost of these methodologies. Furthermore, the exploration of the switching frequency and limit of the modulation angle aid in reducing the resulting volume of the low-voltage DC capacitor.
Who Produces the Peaks? Household Variation in Peak Energy Demand for Space Heating and Domestic Hot Water
Authors: Hansen Anders , Leiria Daniel , Johra Hicham , Marszal-Pomianowska Anna
Published: December 2022

Extensive research demonstrates the importance of user practices in understanding variations in residential heating demand. Whereas previous studies have investigated variations in aggregated data, e.g., yearly heating consumption, the recent deployment of smart heat meters enables the analysis of households’ energy use with a higher temporal resolution. Such analysis might provide knowledge crucial for managing peak demand in district heating systems with decentralized production units and increased shares of intermittent energy sources, such as wind and solar. This study exploits smart meter heating consumption data from a district heating network combined with socio-economic information for 803 Danish households. To perform this study, a multiple regression analysis was employed to understand the correlations between heat consumption and socio-economical characteristics. Furthermore, this study analyzed the various households’ daily profiles to quantify the differences between the groups. During an average day, the higher-income households consume more energy, especially during the evening peak (17:00–20:00). Blue-collar and unemployed households use less during the morning peak (5:00–9:00). Despite minor differences, household groups have similar temporal patterns that follow institutional rhythms, like working hours. We therefore suggest that attempts to control the timing of heating demand do not rely on individual households’ ability to time-shift energy practices, but instead address the embeddedness in stable socio-temporal structures.
The Concept of Big Data Management with Various Transportation Systems Sources as a Key Role in Smart Cities Development
Authors: Dudek Tomasz , Kujawski Artur
Published: December 2022

An increasing number of devices and their communication with each other generates huge amounts of data. The efficiency of processing such large and heterogeneous data is crucial for extracting the reliable and consistent information that is needed for the effective management of smart cities within the field of transport. Data heterogeneity and volume as well as its integration and analytics are big challenges for decision-makers. The development of urban agglomerations is largely dependent on the proper management of such data. Therefore, this paper explores the role of these data repositories, their acquisition from different sources, and the ways to combine them. The main goal of this paper is to propose a concept of Smart City management based on Big Data Analytics and technology related to UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) which may reduce costs and resource consumption. The presented concept includes successive data generation and collection, data type identification, problem and requirement identification, filtering, classification, pre-processing, and data optimization, as well as decision support analysis. A key part of this analysis utilizes computer algorithms, such as Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Thresholding and Blob detection, to develop a multi-camera image recognition system for freight transport management and logistics in smart cities. The objective is to design a system that optimizes the route planning and time of vehicle passage on selected road sections, ultimately leading to the reduction of emissions. During the study, data obtained from multiple sources were compared, and the analysis uncovered different results for the same assumptions. We discuss the reasons for these variances. Overall, the results obtained in the analysis indicated that it is necessary to correct the predictions of the multi-camera image recognition system with additional methods and algorithms.
Research on Vibration Data-Driven Fault Diagnosis for Iron Core Looseness of Saturable Reactor in UHVDC Thyristor Valve Based on CVAE-GAN and Multimodal Feature Integrated CNN
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Wei Xiaoguang , Zheng Lin , Wang Chenghao , Wang Huafeng
Published: December 2022

The imbalance of data samples and fluctuating operating conditions are the two main challenges faced by vibration data-driven fault diagnosis for the iron core looseness of saturable reactors in UHVDC thyristor valves. This paper proposes a vibration data-driven saturable reactor iron core looseness fault diagnosis strategy named CVG-MFICNN based on CVAE-GAN and MFICNN to overcome the two challenges. This strategy uses a novel 1-D CVAE-GAN model to produce generated samples and expand the training set based on imbalanced training samples. An MFICNN model structure is designed to allow the simultaneous processing of multimodal features such as the SST time-frequency spectrum, time-domain vibration sequence, frequency-domain power spectrum sequence, and time-domain statistics. Using these multimodal features and the MFICNN model, the hidden fault information in vibration data can be effectively mined. An experiment is conducted to collect vibration data of saturable reactors with different faults. Models based on the proposed strategy and other methods are trained and tested using the collected data. The comparison results show that the performance of the proposed CVG-MFICNN approach is significantly superior to that of single-feature CNNs, traditional machine learning methods, and classical image classification CNNs in the application of UHVDC thyristor valve saturable reactor iron core looseness fault diagnosis.
Polypyrrole Modified Carbon Nanotube/Polyimide Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors and Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Gooneratne Ruchinda , Iroh Jude O.
Published: December 2022

Lithium-ion batteries have evolved and transcended in recent years to power every device across the spectrum, from watches to electrical vehicles and beyond. However, the lithium-ion battery requires the use of heavy and expensive transition metal oxides that have limited life cycles. Conductive polymer nanocomposites have been shown to possess good electrochemical and thermomechanical properties and are considered to be effective alternatives to transition metal oxides. The fabrication and properties of polyimide matrix-single wall carbon nanotube, SWCNT composite electrode materials, modified by the electrodeposition of polypyrrole, PPy was successfully carried out. The doping of PPy with p-Toluene sulfonic acid, T resulted in a dramatic transformation of the morphology and specific capacitance of the electrode material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, cyclic voltammetry, CV, and galvanic charge–discharge tests were used to measure the electrode’s specific capacitance and specific capacity. Maximum specific capacitance values of up to 84.88 F/g and 127.13 F/g were obtained by CV and charge–discharge tests, respectively. A capacitance retention of over 80% was obtained after over 500 cycles of testing. The insertion of doped PPy into the electrode material by electrochemical polymerization was shown to positively correlate to the improved electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite. An increase in the porosity of about 34.68% over the non-doped polypyrrole was obtained from EIS measurement and supported by the optical microscope pictures. Increasing the process parameters, such as pyrrole, Py concentration and the amount of dopants, lead to a dramatic increase in the specific capacitance and capacity of the composite electrodes.
Nuclear Data Sensitivity and Uncertainty Study for the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Benchmark Using RMC and SCALE
Authors: Jin Chengjian , Liu Shichang , Zhang Shenghao , Liang Jingang , Chen Yixue
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the safety and economy of nuclear reactors, it is necessary to analyze the sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) of the nuclear data. The capabilities of S/U analysis has been developed in the Reactor Monte Carlo code RMC, using the iterated fission probability (IFP) method and the superhistory method. In this paper, the S/U capabilities of RMC are applied to a typical PWR benchmark B&W’s Core XI, and compared with the multigroup and continuous-energy S/U capabilities in the SCALE code system. The S/U results of the RMC-IFP method and the RMC-superhistory method are compared with TSUNAMI-CE/MG in SCALE. The sensitivity results and the uncertainty results of major nuclides that contribute a lot to the uncertainties in keff are in good agreement in both RMC and SCALE. The RMC-superhistory method has the same precision as the IFP method, but it reduces the memory footprint by more than 95% and only doubles the running time. The superhistory method has obvious advantages when there are many nuclides and reaction types to be analyzed. In addition, the total uncertainties in the keff of the first-order uncertainty quantification method are compared with the stochastic sampling method, and the maximum relative deviation of total uncertainties in the keff is 8.53%. Verification shows that the capabilities of S/U analysis developed in the RMC code has good accuracy.
A Review on the Numerical Studies on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Flow Channel Designs for Automotive Applications
Authors: Chakraborty Suprava , Elangovan Devaraj , Palaniswamy Karthikeyan , Fly Ashley , Ravi Dineshkumar , Seelan Denis Ashok Sathia , Rajagopal Thundil Karuppa Raj
Published: December 2022

Climate change and the major threat it poses to the environment and human lives is the major challenge the world faces today. To overcome this challenge, it is recommended that future automobiles have zero carbon exhaust emissions. Even though battery electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions relative to combustion engines, a carbon footprint still remains in the overall ecosystem unless the battery is powered by renewable energy sources. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an alternate source for automotive mobility which, similar to battery electric vehicles, has zero carbon emissions from its exhaust pipe. Moreover, the typical system level efficiency of a PEMFC is higher than an equivalent internal combustion powertrain. This review article covers the background history, working principles, challenges and applications of PEMFCs for automotive transportation and power generation in industries. Since the performance of a PEMFC is greatly influenced by the design of the anode and cathode flow channels, an in-depth review has been carried out on different types of flow channel designs. This review reveals the importance of flow channel design with respect to uniform gas (reactant) distribution, membrane proton conductivity, water flooding and thermal management. An exhaustive study has been carried out on different types of flow channels, such as parallel, serpentine, interdigitated and bio-inspired, with respect to their performance and applications.
Growth Rhythm Analysis of Young Stand and Selection of Superior Families in Choerospondias axillaris
Authors: Li Guangyou , Xu Jianmin , Li Juan , Lu Canzhang , Lu Haifei , Mai Baoying , Luo Mingdao , Fan Chunjie
Published: December 2022

As an important source of medicine, food, and high-quality wood, Choerospondias axillaris has been widely planted in South China. However, few studies of its growth traits and rhythm and concerning the selection of superior provenances/families were developed. In this study, 77 families from five provenances were studied and grouped. Tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and crown width within and between rows were measured. The relevance between growth traits and environmental factors was also analyzed. The results showed the height, DBH, and crown width within and between rows were divided into slow, mean, and fast growth periods, which was significantly related with sunshine hours in earlier months. Next, monthly rainfall showed an extremely positive correlation with the increase in tree height, DBH, and plant volume. Then, the monthly volume increment had a significantly positive correlation with five meteorological factors, excluding sunshine hours with increasing months, while the monthly growth of tree height and crown width within and between rows was significantly negatively correlated with sunshine hours. Based on these results, the superior families No. 15, 76, and 56, which originated from the Raoping provenance, were selected for their fast growth and available adaptation. These results provided the reliable growth rhythm of a young C. axillaris stand, which established a basis for fertilizing and forest tending. During these processes, meteorological factors, especially humidity and sunshine duration, had important effects on growth, implying that the external climate should be paid more attention to promote fast growth and prevent diseases and insect pests. Moreover, selecting superior families was helpful to further breeding and plantation.
Traditional Fermented Dairy Products in Southern Mediterranean Countries: From Tradition to Innovation
Authors: Mefleh Marina , Darwish Amira M. Galal , Mudgil Priti , Maqsood Sajid , Boukid Fatma
Published: December 2022

Fermented dairy products have been essential elements in the diet of Southern Mediterranean countries for centuries. This review aims to provide an overview of the traditional fermented products in Southern Mediterranean countries, with a focus on fermented dairy products, and to discuss innovative strategies to make improved versions of these traditional products. A large variety of fermented dairy products were reviewed, showing high diversity, depending on the used raw materials, starter cultures, and preparation procedures. Traditionally, dairy products were fermented using spontaneous fermentation, back-slopping, and/or the addition of rennet. Compared with commercial products, traditional products are characterized by peculiar organoleptic features owing to the indigenous microflora. The main limitation of traditional products is preservation as most products were consumed fresh. In addition to drying, brine or oil was used to extend the product shelf life but resulted in high salt/fat products. Several studies suggested alternative ingredients/processing to make revised products with new flavors, improved nutritional quality, and a longer shelf life. There is still plenty of room for more research to obtain a better understanding of the indigenous microflora and on quality improvement and standardization to reach a wider market.
Wine Minerality and Funkiness: Blending the Two Tales of the Same Story
Authors: Malfeito-Ferreira Manuel
Published: December 2022

In wines, minerality is a complex concept with increasing popularity in scientific research and the wine press. The flavour conceptual space of mineral wines comprises sulphur-reduced aromas, such as flint, wet stone or chalk associated with freshness and lingering mouth perceptions. Professionals do not consider the perception of sulphur-reduced flavours as an off-flavour. Indeed, this sort of reduction is a cue for the recognition of minerality under a likely top-down mental process. However, untrained consumers perceive these aromas as unpleasant. This different qualitative assessment hampers the communication between professionals and amateurs. This review aimed to describe the perceptions of minerality by experts and novices to promote their mutual understanding. Funkiness is proposed as a descriptor of mineral wines when tasted by unexperienced consumers. The chemical basis of minerality and winemaking options were explored to understand their implications on sensory perception. Mineral flavours have two main features. The first comprises ephemeral aromas that may be described as funky, given their association with sulphur-reduced molecules. The second is linked to the fresh and vivacious lingering mouthfeel perceptions that remain after the reductive aromas vanish. Consumers recognise this dual perception by demonstrating positive emotional responses of surprise during tasting. Then, the perception of minerality is a question of cognition and not of particularly developed sensory skills. Appropriate tasting approaches encompassing emotional responses and emergent properties (e.g., harmony, depth, persistence, complexity) appear essential to understand the nature of wine minerality and to determine when it may be regarded as a surrogate for fine wine quality.
High-Order Accurate Numerical Simulation of Supersonic Flow Using RANS and LES Guided by Turbulence Anisotropy
Authors: Bhide Kalyani , Abdallah Shaaban
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses accuracy improvements to Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling of supersonic flow by assessing a wide range of factors for physics capture. Numerical simulations reveal complex flow behavior resulting from shock and expansion waves and so, a supersonic jet emanating from rectangular nozzle is considered. PIV based experimental data for the jet is available from literature and is used for validation purposes. Effect of various boundary conditions and turbulence modeling approaches is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Of particular interest are the inlet conditions considering the turbulence intensity and the effect of upstream air supply duct, the effect of nozzle wall surface roughness on nozzle internal flow and downstream, wall y+ sensitivity for boundary layer resolution and laminar to turbulent transition modeling. In addition to mesh sensitivity, domain dependency is conducted to evaluate the appropriate domain size to capture the kinetic energy dissipation downstream of the nozzle. To further improve the flow characteristics, accounting for the anisotropy of Reynolds stresses is also one of the focuses. Therefore, non-linear eddy viscosity-based two-equation model and Reynolds stress transport model are also investigated. Additionally, the results of baseline linear (Boussinesq) RANS are compared. Corresponding comparisons with high-fidelity LES are presented. Jet self-similar behavior resulting from all simulation fidelities is assessed and it appears that turbulent flow in LES becomes self-similar, but not in RANS. Finally, various factors such as the nozzle geometry and numerical modeling choices influencing the anisotropy in jet turbulence are discussed.
The Role of Income and Food Prices in Diet-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions in China: A Path towards a Sustainable Diet
Authors: Chen Jiao , Zhong Funing
Published: December 2022

China has undergone rapid economic growth and diet transition over the past decades, along with environmental challenges. To help to achieve carbon peaking by 2030, this study investigates the time-variable diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from 2000 to 2020 and examines the responses of food demands and diet-related GHGEs to an increase in per capita income and animal-based food prices. Based on the Almost Ideal Demand System model, addressing the problem of the endogeneity of food expenditure, we estimate the demand elasticities for six food groups and analyze their changing trends with time. Then, we perform two projections. One is to project the impacts of income growth on food demands and diet-related GHGEs, taking into consideration dynamic income elasticities as per capita income increases; the other is to project the effects of an increase in prices of different animal-based foods on food demands and diet-related GHGEs. Our results reveal that diet-related agricultural GHGEs show a continued increase in the short term, but the increased effect tends to decline gradually. The dominant driver of increased diet-related GHGEs is the increased consumption of beef, mutton, and pork. However, an increase in prices of beef and mutton; pork; and poultry and eggs can reduce diet-related GHGEs, while a decrease in the prices of aquatic products can also deliver a significant decrease in GHGEs. The results imply that policymakers should take an interest in the environmental impacts of diet transition and promote a more sustainable diet structure.
Analysis of Sequential Caputo Fractional Differential Equations versus Non-Sequential Caputo Fractional Differential Equations with Applications
Authors: Vatsala Aghalaya S. , Pageni Govinda , Vijesh V. Anthony
Published: December 2022

It is known that, from a modeling point of view, fractional dynamic equations are more suitable compared to integer derivative models. In fact, a fractional dynamic equation is referred to as an equation with memory. To demonstrate that the fractional dynamic model is better than the corresponding integer model, we need to compute the solutions of the fractional differential equations and compare them with an integer model relative to the data available. In this work, we will illustrate that the linear nq-order sequential Caputo fractional differential equations, which are sequential of order q where q<1 with fractional initial conditions and/or boundary conditions, can be solved. The reason for choosing sequential fractional dynamic equations is that linear non-sequential Caputo fractional dynamic equations with constant coefficients cannot be solved in general. We used the Laplace transform method to solve sequential Caputo fractional initial value problems. We used fractional boundary conditions to compute Green’s function for sequential boundary value problems. In addition, the solution of the sequential dynamic equations yields the solution of the corresponding integer-order differential equations as a special case as q→1.
Microstructure of Epoxy-Based Composites: Fractal Nature Analysis
Authors: Stajcic Ivana , Stajcic Aleksandar , Serpa Cristina , Vasiljevic-Radovic Dana , Randjelovic Branislav , Radojevic Vesna , Fecht Hans
Published: December 2022

Polymers and polymer matrix composites are commonly used materials with applications extending from packaging materials to delicate electronic devices. Epoxy resins and fiber-reinforced epoxy-based composites have been used as adhesives and construction parts. Fractal analysis has been recognized in materials science as a valuable tool for the microstructural characterization of composites by connecting fractal characteristics with composites’ functional properties. In this study, fractal reconstructions of different microstructural shapes in an epoxy-based composite were performed on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images. These images were of glass fiber reinforced epoxy as well as a hybrid composite containing both glass and electrospun polystyrene fibers in an epoxy matrix. Fractal reconstruction enables the identification of self-similarity in the fractal structure, which represents a novelty in analyzing the fractal properties of materials. Fractal Real Finder software, based on the mathematical affine fractal regression model, was employed to reconstruct different microstructure shapes and calculate fractal dimensions to develop a method of predicting the optimal structure–property relations in composite materials in the future.
Analysis of the Multi-Dimensional Navier–Stokes Equation by Caputo Fractional Operator
Authors: Albalawi Kholoud Saad , Mishra Manvendra Narayan , Goswami Pranay
Published: December 2022

In this article, we investigate the solution of the fractional multidimensional Navier–Stokes equation based on the Caputo fractional derivative operator. The behavior of the solution regarding the Navier–Stokes equation system using the Sumudu transform approach is discussed analytically and further discussed graphically.
Bothnian Palmoplantar Keratoderma: Further Delineation of the Associated Phenotype
Authors: Fertitta Laura , Charbit-Henrion Fabienne , Leclerc-Mercier Stéphanie , Nguyen-Khoa Thao , Baran Robert , Alby Caroline , Steffann Julie , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Hadj-Rabia Smail
Published: December 2022

Bothnian palmoplantar keratoderma (PPKB, MIM600231) is an autosomal dominant form of diffuse non-epidermolytic PPK characterized by spontaneous yellowish-white PPK associated with a spongy appearance after water-immersion. It is due to AQP5 heterozygous mutations. We report four patients carrying a novel AQP5 heterozygous mutation (c.125T>A; p.(Ile42Asn)), and belonging to the same French family. Early palmoplantar swelling (before one year of age), pruritus and hyperhidrosis were constant. The PPK was finally characterized as transgrediens, non-progrediens, diffuse PPK with a clear delineation between normal and affected skin. The cutaneous modifications at water-immersion test, “hand-in-the-bucket sign”, were significantly evident after 3 to 6 min of immersion in the children and father, respectively. AQP5 protein is expressed in eccrine sweat glands (ESG), salivary and airway submucosal glands. In PPKB, gain of function mutations seem to widen the channel diameter of ESG and increase water movement. Thus, swelling seems to be induced by hypotonicity with water entrance into cells, while hyperhidrosis is the result of an increased cytosolic calcium concentration.
Whole-Exome Sequencing and Copy Number Analysis in a Patient with Warburg Micro Syndrome
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Qin Tingfeng , Wang Xun , Li Jing , Lin Xiaoshan , Wang Dongni , Lin Zhuoling , Zhang Xulin , Li Xiaoyan , Lin Haotian , Chen Weirong
Published: December 2022

Warburg Micro syndrome (WARBM) is an autosomal recessive neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome characterized by microcephaly, microphthalmia, congenital cataracts, cortical dysplasia, corpus callosum hypoplasia, spasticity, and hypogonadism. WARBM is divided into four subtypes according to the causative genes, of which RAB3GAP1 (OMIM# 602536) accounts for the highest proportion. We collected detailed medical records and performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) for a congenital cataract patient. A novel heterozygous frameshift RAB3GAP1 variant was detected in a boy with a rare ocular phenotype of bilateral membranous cataracts accompanied by a persistent papillary membrane. Further copy number variation (CNV) analysis identified a novel deletion on chromosome 2q21.3 that removed 4 of the 24 exons of RAB3GAP1. The patient was diagnosed with WARBM following genetic testing. The present study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of WARBM. It suggests applying whole exome sequencing (WES) and CNV analysis for the early diagnosis of syndromic diseases in children with congenital cataracts.
Women’s Perceptions of Nature: An Ecofeminist Analysis of Tsitsi Dangarembga’s This Mournable Body
Authors: Gebreyohannes Nigus Michael , Ambachew Abiye Daniel
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore ecofeminist issues in Tsitsi Dangarembga’s This Mournable Body. It mainly focuses on the relationship between women and nature and explores the perceptions of women toward the natural environment. Thus, a close reading was done to extract the necessary information from the novel. Next, the extracted data was analyzed using textual analysis. Additionally, ecofeminist literary criticism was adopted as a lens to analyze the novel. Therefore, based on the analysis made, the novel portrays various issues related to women and nature. Firstly, the novel shows that African women are gardeners, agricultural laborers, and protectors of the land and the natural environment, which makes them have a strong relationship with the natural environment. On the other hand, it shows, that not all women have the same perception of nature. In this manner, Tracey, a white businesswoman, considered nature as an income generator in the form of the ecotourism industry, regardless of the degradation of the natural environment. In contrast, the native women consider nature as a means of their survival. Nyasha, a woman from Zimbabwe, believes nature and land space enhance co-operation and harmony between inhabitants. Similarly, Tambudzai, also from Zimbabwe, recounts the beauty and healing power of nature, and she expresses her concern about the degradation of the natural environment. Therefore, the novel has discovered the different relationships between women and nature. Their understanding of and connection to nature vary and directly relate to their background and context. At last, the novel portrays the impact of neocolonialism and capitalism predominantly on women and nature. In this manner, the author shows her concern for African women and the natural environment.
Catholic Ownership, Physician Leadership and Operational Strategies: Evidence from German Hospitals
Authors: Sülz Sandra , Kuntz Ludwig , Müller Helena Sophie , Wittland Michael
Published: December 2022

Previous research has revealed that Catholic hospitals are more likely follow a strategy of horizontal diversification and maximization of the number of patients treated, whereas Protestant hospitals follow a strategy of horizontal specialization and focus on vertical differentiation. However, there is no empirical evidence pertaining to this mechanism. We conduct an empirical study in a German setting and argue that physician leadership mediates the relationship between ownership and operational strategies. The study includes the construction of a model combining data from a survey and publicly available information derived from the annual quality reports of German hospitals. Our results show that Catholic hospitals opt for leadership structures that ensure operational strategies in line with their general values, i.e., operational strategies of maximizing volume throughout the overall hospital. They prefer part-time positions for chief medical officers, as chief medical officers are identified to foster strategies of maximizing the overall number of patients treated. Hospital owners should be aware that the implementation of part-time and full-time leadership roles can help to support their strategies. Thus, our results provide insights into the relationship between leadership structures at the top of an organization, on the one hand, and strategic choices, on the other.
Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Health-Care Workers: A Comparison between Groups Involved and Not Involved in COVID-19 Care
Authors: Lohela-Karlsson Malin , Condén Mellgren Emelie
Published: December 2022

Health consequences have been reported among health-care workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19. Sweden chose to manage the pandemic with a lower and more equal long-lasting work strain and shorter periods of recovery than in other countries. Few studies have examined the health consequences among HCWs working in such conditions. This study compared the health consequences after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between HCWs involved in the care of COVID-19 patients and other HCWs and between occupational groups working in COVID-19 care. Multinomial logistic regression and univariate general linear models were used to identify differences. The levels of depression, emotional and physical fatigue, sleep quality, and general health were measured 6 months after the onset of the pandemic in 3495 HCW employed in Sweden. HCWs directly involved in COVID-19 care reported significantly poorer sleep quality and higher scores on emotional and physical exhaustion than those not involved in such care. Health consequences did not differ significantly between different occupational groups involved in COVID-19 care except for specialist nurses/midwives. HCWs more frequently involved in COVID-19 care reported higher levels of emotional and physical fatigue and poorer sleep but less severe than those reported in more severely affected countries.
Current Considerations in Surgical Treatment for Adolescents and Young Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Murphy Brittany L. , Pereslucha Alicia , Boughey Judy C.
Published: December 2022

Adolescents and young women (AYA) with breast cancer represent a unique patient population, compared to the general population with breast cancer. We performed a literature review to evaluate the factors that influenced the surgical outcomes in this patient population. Fifty-two studies were identified, which evaluated breast surgery type, axillary surgery, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM), surgical timing, psychological factors, disparities, and imaging use. AYA patients had equivalent oncologic outcomes with breast conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. CPM did not improve survival. There are limited data on axillary management in the AYA population, and while more data would be beneficial, this is currently extrapolated from the general breast cancer population. A shorter time to initiate treatment correlated to better outcomes, and disparities need to be overcome for optimal outcomes. AYA patients appreciated involvement in clinical decisions, and shared decision making should be considered whenever possible. Providers must keep these factors in mind when counseling AYA patients, regarding the surgical management of breast cancer.
Maternal and Dietary Factors Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Women with a Previous History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hasbullah Farah Yasmin , Mohd Yusof Barakatun-Nisak , Abdul Ghani Rohana , Mat Daud Zulfitri ‘Azuan , Appannah Geeta , Abas Faridah , Shyam Sangeetha
Published: December 2022

While it is known that women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM) have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), evidence of lifestyle practices from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still scarce. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM. This cross-sectional study involved 157 women post-GDM (mean age 34.8 ± 5.6 years) sampled from Selangor, Malaysia. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric history. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 Harmonized criteria. The prevalence of MetS in this study was 22.3%. Western dietary pattern consumption was correlated with MetS, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels. Independent factors associated with MetS were lower education level (odds ratio, OR 4.017, p = 0.007), pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.192, p = 0.002), and Caesarean delivery (OR 3.798, p = 0.009). The study identified the maternal and dietary factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM in Malaysia. Community-based interventions that include dietary modification are warranted to prevent MetS and its complications, thus helping to reduce the overall disease burden.