bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Fluorine(18)-fluorodeoxyglucose and
Gallium(68)-citrate PET/CT in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Ankrah Alfred O. , Lawal Ismaheel O. , Boshomane Tebatso M.G. , Klein Hans C. , Ebenhan Thomas , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , Vorster Mariza , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M. , Sathekge Mike M.
Published: September 2019

18F-FDG and 68Ga-citrate PET/CT have both been shown to be
useful in the management of tuberculosis (TB). We compared the abnormal PET
findings of 18F-FDG- and 68Ga-citrate-PET/CT in patients
with TB.

Methods Patients with TB on anti-TB therapy were included. Patients had a
set of PET scans consisting of both 18F-FDG and
68Ga-citrate. Abnormal lesions were identified, and the two sets of
scans were compared. The scan findings were correlated to the clinical data as
provided by the attending physician.

Results 46 PET/CT scans were performed in 18 patients, 11 (61 %) were
female, and the mean age was 35.7 ± 13.5 years. Five patients also had both
studies for follow-up reasons during the use of anti-TB therapy. Thirteen
patients were co-infected with HIV. 18F-FDG detected more lesions
than 68Ga-citrate (261 vs. 166, p < 0.0001).
68Ga-citrate showed a better definition of intracerebral lesions due
to the absence of tracer uptake in the brain. The mean SUVmax was higher for
18F-FDG compared to 68Ga-citrate (5.73 vs. 3.01,
p < 0.0001). We found a significant correlation between the SUVmax of lesions
that were determined by both tracers (r = 0.4968, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Preliminary data shows 18F-FDG-PET detects more
abnormal lesions in TB compared to 68Ga-citrate. However,
68Ga-citrate has better lesion definition in the brain and is
therefore especially useful when intracranial TB is suspected.
Easy Access to 2-Fluoro- and 2-Iodo-2H-azirines via the Halex Reaction
Authors: Agafonova Anastasiya V. , Smetanin Ilia A. , Rostovskii Nikolai V. , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Novikov Mikhail S.
Published: September 2019

A simple gram-scale method for the preparation of esters and dialkylamides of 2-(fluoro/iodo)-2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acids via the halogen exchange (Halex) reaction of 2-bromo-substituted analogues is reported. The method operates with inexpensive and safe reagents­, Bu4NF and potassium iodide, providing high product yields. Alternatively, 2-fluoro-2H-azirine-2-carboxylates can be prepared from 2-iodo- and 2-chloro-analogues. The latter compounds can be obtained in practically quantitative yield by treating the 2-iodo- and 2-bromo-2H-azirine-2-carboxylic esters with Bu4NCl.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Epoxidation of β-Cyanostyrenes
Authors: Mangaonkar Saeesh R. , Singh Fateh V.
Published: September 2019

A convenient approach for the synthesis of β-cyanoepoxides is illustrated by iodine(III)-catalyzed epoxidation of electron-deficient β-cyanostyrenes, wherein the active catalytic iodine(III) species was generated in situ. The epoxidation of β-cyanostyrenes was performed using 10 mol% PhI as precatalyst in the presence of 2.0 equivalents Oxone as an oxidant and 2.4 equivalents of TFA as an additive at room temperature under ultrasonic radiations. The β-cyanoepoxides were isolated in good to excellent yields in a short reaction time.
Delayed Instrumentation Following Removal of Cranio-Vertebral Junction Chordomas: A Technical Note
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , Voormolen Eduard H. , Mammar Hamid , Bernat Anne-Laure , Krichen Walid , Penet Nicolas , Froelich Sébastien
Published: September 2019

Objective To investigate on the feasibility and safety of a new approach which consists of delaying instrumentation after destabilizing craniovertebral junction (CVJ) chordoma surgery, allowing proton beam radiotherapy to be performed in a metal-free tumoral cavity.

Design This is a retrospective series of a prospectively maintained database.

Participants Five consecutive patients operated on for a CVJ chordomas for which instrumentation after tumor resection was deferred to after radiotherapy treatment.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome consisted of measurements of the following parameters: C0–C2 angle, atlanto-dens interval (ADI), condylar gap, and the position of the dens relative to McGregor's line and coronal inclination, performed at 3 different times for all patients: before tumor surgery (baseline), before instrumentation surgery, and after instrumentation surgery.

Results For all patients, CVJ parameters deteriorated during the delay period, but stayed within normal limits for most. Because of radiological instability, one patient necessitated instrumentation before receiving radiotherapy. All parameters except condylar gap were partially corrected after instrumentation. No new neurological symptom or evolving neck pain occurred during the delay period.

Conclusion Delayed instrumentation of CVJ chordomas can be a safe alternative that might lead to improved subsequent radiotherapeutical treatment. Patient's selection and close clinical and radiological follow-up are mandatory for the success of this approach.
Timing for Safe Return to Sport after Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: The Role of a Functional Test Battery
Authors: Matassi Fabrizio , Innocenti Matteo , Andrea Cozzi Lepri , Zanna Luigi , Malone Joseph , Civinini Roberto , Innocenti Massimo
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this article was to analyze clinical and functional results after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and to establish if a computer-assisted physical test battery could determine a “safe timing” to return to sport. We hypothesized that “time-based” criteria to declare safe return to sport could not be reliable to predict functional recover. Fifty-eight young athletic patients were selected after isolated reconstruction of MPFL. The minimum follow-up was 8 months. All the patients were evaluated subjectively with Kujala and Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores and objectively through a standardized computer-assisted physical battery of seven tests (Back in Action, Corehab). No patient was lost at the end point of follow-up and no recurrence of patellar dislocation was reported. At 8 months, 31 patients (53.4%) returned to sport at preoperative levels, and 23 (39.6%) participated in sports at lower levels. The subjective evaluation reported an increase of Kujala (60–92.7) and SF-36 score (28.6/25.4–52.2/53.6). At computer-assisted objective assessment, only 23 patients (39.6%) fulfilled the criteria for safe return to sport, while 31 (53.4%) got an insufficient outcome and 4 (6.9%) failed to complete the test. From our data, clinical scores after MPFL reconstruction provide only little insight into return to sport. The introduction of a computer-assisted objective analysis in the decision-making process for proper return to sport is necessary to evaluate functional recovery and dynamic knee stability.
Discrete formulation for the dynamics of rods deforming in space
Authors: Casimiro Ana , Rodrigo César
Published: September 2019

The movement of rods in an Euclidean space can be described as a field theory on a principal bundle. The dynamics of a rod is governed by partial differential equations that may have a variational origin. If the corresponding smooth Lagrangian density is invariant by some group of transformations, there exist the corresponding conserved Noether currents. Generally, numerical schemes dealing with PDEs fail to reflect these conservation properties. We describe the main ingredients needed to create, from the smooth Lagrangian density, a variational principle for discrete motions of a discrete rod, with the corresponding conserved Noether currents. We describe all geometrical objects in terms of elements on the linear Atiyah bundle using a reduced forward difference operator. We show how this introduces a discrete Lagrangian density that models the discrete dynamics of a discrete rod. The presented tools are general enough to represent a discretization of any variational theory in principal bundles, and its simplicity allows us to perform an iterative integration algorithm to compute the discrete rod evolution in time, starting from any predefined configurations of all discrete rod elements at initial times.
Shallow bore-hole three-axial fiber Bragg grating strain sensor for Etna volcano monitoring
Authors: Maccioni E. , Giacomelli U. , Carbone D. , Gambino S. , Orazi M. , Peluso R. , Sorrentino F.
Published: September 2019

We present the realization, installation, and first results of a three-axial Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensor prototype. This sensor has been developed in the framework of the Mediterranean supersite volcanoes (http://www.med-suv.eu, 2013) project and, in particular, with the aim at contributing to the study and monitoring of Etna volcano. The FBG sensor was installed in the facilities of the Serra La Nave Astrophysical Observatory (Catania, Italy) about 7 km south-west from the summit craters, at an elevation of about 1740 m. The three-axial device showed a dynamic range of some hundreds of microstrains with microstrain resolution (submicrostrain concerning the vertical component). That is a good trade-off among performances, cost, and power consumption. The sensor structure and its read-out system are innovative in their assembly and offers practical advantages in comparison with traditional strain meters. As a demonstration of the performances of our device, the data of about 28 months of operation are presented together with the records of some local, regional, and teleseismic events. The sensor along the vertical axis showed to be the best performing one, having a power spectral density of about −90 dB re. 1ε2/Hz around one day period.
Multi-fidelity modeling in sequential design for stability identification in dynamic time-delay systems
Authors: Che Yiming , Liu Jiachen , Cheng Changqing
Published: September 2019

Time delay arises in a variety of real-world complex systems. A high-fidelity simulation generally renders high accuracy to simulate the dynamic evolution of such complex systems and appraise quantity of interest for process design and response optimization. Identification of limit states exemplifies such applications, which outlines the boundary that separates distinct regions (e.g., stability region) in parameter space. While design of experiments is the common procedure to evaluate decision functions to sketch the boundary, it crucially relies on the quantity and quality of sampling points. This has made it infeasible to explore a large parameter design space with expensive-to-evaluate high-fidelity simulations. Furthermore, the complex contour of stability region in time-delay systems nullifies most existing sequential design paradigms, including adaptive classification approaches. On the other hand, low-fidelity surrogate modeling efficiently emulates a high-fidelity simulation, albeit at the expense of accuracy, not ideal to inspect the system behavior near the critical boundary. In this study, we investigate a multifidelity approach to delineate the stability region in a sequential fashion: sampling points are first evaluated by the low-fidelity surrogate modeling, and only those selected according to the exploration-exploitation trade-off principle are then assessed by a high-fidelity simulation to approximate the stability boundary. The application in a numerical case study of the delayed Mathieu equation as well as a real-world machining process corroborates the proposed approach.
Solitary solutions for time-fractional nonlinear dispersive PDEs in the sense of conformable fractional derivative
Authors: El-Ajou Ahmad , Oqielat Moa'ath N. , Al-Zhour Zeyad , Kumar Sunil , Momani Shaher
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the time-fractional nonlinear dispersive (TFND) partial differential equations (PDEs) in the sense of conformable fractional derivative (CFD) are proposed and analyzed. Three types of TFND partial differential equations are considered in the sense of CFD, which are the TFND Boussinesq, TFND Klein-Gordon, and TFND B(2, 1, 1) PDEs. Solitary pattern solutions for this class of TFND partial differential equations based on the residual fractional power series method is constructed and discussed. Numerical and graphical results are also provided and conferred quantitatively to clarify the required solutions. The results suggest that the algorithm presented here offers solutions to problems in a rapidly convergent series leading to ideal solutions. Furthermore, the results obtained are like those in previous studies that used other types of fractional derivatives. In addition, the calculations used were much easier and shorter compared with other types of fractional derivatives.
Like-charge polymer-membrane complexation mediated by multivalent cations: One-loop-dressed strong coupling theory
Authors: Buyukdagli Sahin , Podgornik Rudolf
Published: September 2019

We probe the electrostatic mechanism driving adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto like-charged membranes upon the addition of tri- and tetravalent counterions to a bathing monovalent salt solution. We develop a one-loop-dressed strong coupling theory that treats the monovalent salt at the electrostatic one-loop level and the multivalent counterions within a strong-coupling approach. It is shown that the adhesive force of the multivalent counterions mediating the like-charge adsorption arises from their strong condensation at the charged membrane. The resulting interfacial counterion excess locally maximizes the screening ability of the electrolyte and minimizes the electrostatic polymer grand potential. This translates into an attractive force that pulls the polymer to the similarly charged membrane. We show that the high counterion valency enables this adsorption transition even at weakly charged membranes. Additionally, strongly charged membranes give rise to monovalent counterion-induced correlations and intensify the interfacial multivalent counterion condensation, strengthening the complexation of the polymer with the like-charged membrane, as well as triggering the orientational transition of the molecule prior to its adsorption. Finally, our theory provides two additional key features as evidenced by previous adsorption experiments: first, the critical counterion concentration for polymer adsorption decreases with the rise of the counterion valency and, second, the addition of monovalent salt enhances the screening of the membrane charges and suppresses monovalent counterion correlations close to the surface. This weakens the interfacial multivalent counterion condensation and results in the desorption of the polymer from the substrate.
Memristor design rules for dynamic learning and edge processing applications
Authors: Yanguas-Gil Angel
Published: September 2019

The ability to dynamically learn and adapt to changes in the environment is one of the hallmarks of biological systems. In this work, we identify the subset of the design space of memristive materials that is optimal for dynamic learning applications. Using an architecture inspired on the learning center of the insect brain, we implement a model system consisting of a discrete implementation of spiking neurons where dynamic learning takes place on a set of plastic synapses formed by memristor pairs in a crossbar array. Using two separate benchmarks, one comprising the dynamic learning of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset and another one targeting one shot learning, we have identified the key properties that memristive materials should have to be optimal dynamic learners. The results obtained show that a fine degree of control of the memristor internal state is key to achieve high classification accuracy during dynamic learning but that within this optimal region learning is extremely robust both to device variability and to errors in the writing of the internal state, in all cases allowing for 2σ variations greater than 40% without significant loss of accuracy, hence overcoming two of the perceived limitations of memristors. By additionally requiring that learning takes place concurrently to information processing, we are able to derive a set constraints to the memristor dynamics.
Non-adiabatic mass correction for excited states of molecular hydrogen: Improvement for the outer-well HH¯ 1Σg+ term values
Authors: Ferenc Dávid , Mátyus Edit
Published: September 2019

The mass-correction function is evaluated for selected excited states of the hydrogen molecule within a single-state nonadiabatic treatment. Its qualitative features are studied at the avoided crossing of the EF with the GK state and also for the outer well of the HH¯ state. For the HH¯ state, a negative mass correction is obtained for the vibrational motion near the outer minimum, which accounts for most of the deviation between experiment and earlier theoretical work.
Attitude determination method integrating square-root cubature Kalman filter with expectation-maximization for inertial navigation system applied to underwater glider
Authors: Huang Haoqian , Shi Rengdu , Zhou Jun , Yang Yuan , Song Rui , Chen Jianfeng , Wu Guoqing , Zhang Jiajin
Published: September 2019

The uncertainty, complexity, and variability of the marine environment inevitably lead to a change in the measurement error resulting in erroneous estimation of navigation information. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel method integrating the square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed new SCKF (NSCKF) algorithm makes better use of the advantages of SCKF and the EM online algorithm. The performance of NSCKF is verified theoretically and evaluated by experiments. The results indicate that the proposed NSCKF algorithm can better estimate predicted error covariance and measurement noise than two other comparison methods owing to the online EM method so that the more accurate attitude estimation can be obtained by the NSCKF algorithm although the measurement error has a great variation. Moreover, the accuracy and efficiency can be guaranteed by employing the SCKF. Experimental results demonstrate that the NSCKF can provide a more stable attitude estimation in different cases of measurement errors. Therefore, the NSCKF is more suitable to be used in underwater navigation than other comparison methods because of higher accuracy, more efficiency, and better robustness.
Analyticity of the spectrum and Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator technique for quantum graphs
Authors: Kuchment Peter , Zhao Jia
Published: September 2019

In some previous works, the analytic structure of the spectrum of a quantum graph operator as a function of the vertex conditions and other parameters of the graph were established. However, a specific local coordinate chart on the Grassmannian of all possible vertex conditions was used, thus creating an erroneous impression that something “wrong” can happen at the boundaries of the chart. Here, we show that the analyticity of the corresponding “dispersion relation” holds over the whole Grassmannian, as well as over other parameter spaces. We also address the Dirichlet-to-Neumann technique of relating quantum and discrete graph operators, which allows one to transfer some results from the discrete to the quantum graph case, but which has issues at the Dirichlet spectrum. We conclude that this difficulty, as in the first part of the paper, stems from the use of specific coordinates in a Grassmannian and show how to avoid it to extend some of the consequent results to the general situation.
A Fourier approach to Lagrangian vortex detection
Authors: El Aouni Anass , Yahia Hussein , Daoudi Khalid , Minaoui Khalid
Published: September 2019

We study the transport properties of coherent vortices over a finite-time duration. Here, we reveal that such vortices can be identified based on the frequency-domain representation of Lagrangian trajectories. We use Fourier analysis to convert particles’ trajectories from their time domain to a presentation in the frequency domain. We then identify and extract coherent vortices as material surfaces along which particles’ trajectories share similar frequencies. Our method identifies all coherent vortices in an automatic manner, showing high vortices’ monitoring capacity. We illustrate our new method by identifying and extracting Lagrangian coherent vortices in different two- and three-dimensional flows.
Diffusion of interacting particles in a channel with reflection boundary conditions
Authors: Khatri Narender , Burada P. S.
Published: September 2019

The diffusive transport of biased Brownian particles in a two-dimensional symmetric channel is investigated numerically considering both the no-flow and the reflection boundary conditions at the channel boundaries. Here, the geometrical confinement leads to entropic barriers which effectively control the transport properties of the particles. We show that compared to no-flow boundary conditions, the transport properties exhibit distinct features in a channel with reflection boundary conditions. For example, the nonlinear mobility exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior as a function of the scaling parameter f, which is a ratio of the work done to the particles to available thermal energy. Also, the effective diffusion exhibits a rapidly increasing behavior at higher f. The nature of reflection, i.e., elastic or inelastic, also influences the transport properties firmly. We find that inelastic reflections increase both the mobility and the effective diffusion for smaller f. In addition, by including the short range interaction force between the Brownian particles, the mobility decreases and the effective diffusion increases for various values of f. These findings, which are a signature of the entropic nature of the system, can be useful to understand the transport of small particles or molecules in systems such as microfluidic channels, membrane pores, and molecular sieves.
Particle production between isometric frames on a Poincaré patch of AdS2
Authors: Pitelli Joao Paulo M. , Barroso Vitor S.
Published: September 2019

In a recent paper [J. P. M. Pitelli, Phys. Rev. D 99, 108701 (2019)], one of us showed that the vacuum state associated with conformal fields on a Poincaré patch of anti-de Sitter spacetime is not AdS invariant for fields satisfying nontrivial boundary conditions (by nontrivial, we mean neither Dirichlet nor Neumann) at the conformal boundary. In this way, two isometrically related observers in anti-de Sitter space have different notions of no particle content. Therefore, an observer who is suddenly transported to a different (but isometrically related) frame will feel a bath of particles. This process contradicts our intuitive notion based on our experience in Minkowski spacetime, where the vacuum is Lorentz invariant, and no particle is produced between boosted frames. We show that the total number of produced particles is finite but grows without limit when we approach (via isometric transformation) Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions since in these cases the vacuum is invariant.
New method can help identify brain disorders simply and effectively
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: September 2019

Researchers found feed-forward artificial neural networks are an effective mathematic model for identifying functional connectivity.
Nitrogen fixation in summer-grown soybean crops and fate of fixed-N over a winter fallow in subtropical sugarcane systems
Authors: Kearney Lee J. , Dutilloy Emma , Rose Terry J.
Published: September 2019

Legumes including soybeans (Glycine max L.) can provide substantial nitrogen (N) inputs into cropping systems when grown as a part of a rotation. However, in the wet subtropics where land is fallowed for 4–6 months after soybean crops before planting of sugarcane (Saccharum L. spp. hybrids), climatic conditions over winter can be conducive to rapid mineralisation of N from residues with consequent N losses through nitrate leaching or denitrification processes. Using 15N natural abundance methodology, we estimated N2 fixation in 12 summer-grown soybean crops in the Australian wet subtropics, and tracked the fate of soybean residue-N from brown manure crops (residue from plants at late pod-filling left on the soil surface) using 15N-labelled residue in three of these fields over the winter fallow period. Disregarding two poor crops, N2 fixation ranged from 100–290 kg N ha–1 in shoots at mid pod-filling, equating to 170–468 kg N ha–1 including estimated root N contributions. Following the winter fallow, 61 and 68% of soybean residue-N was recovered in clay and peat soils respectively, to 0.9 m depth at one location (Coraki) but only 55% of residue-N could be accounted for to 0.9 m depth in a sandy soil at another location (Ballina). In addition, around 20% of the recovered 15N at this site was located at 0.3–0.6 m depth in the soil profile. Our results indicate that substantial loss of soybean residue-N can occur during winter fallows in the wet subtropics, suggesting that winter cover crops may be necessary to retain N in fields and minimise losses to the environment.
Phosphorylated claudin-16 interacts with Trpv5 and regulates transcellular calcium transport in the kidney
Authors: Hou Jianghui , Renigunta Vijay , Nie Mingzhu , Sunq Abby , Himmerkus Nina , Quintanova Catarina , Bleich Markus , Renigunta Aparna , Wolf Matthias Tilmann Florian
Published: September 2019

Significance

Claudin is the core protein making the tight junction and the paracellular channel. Whether it may regulate the transcellular pathway is not known. Here, we have discovered that phosphorylated claudin-16 proteins are not localized in the tight junction but found in the luminal membrane of the distal tubular cells, where they facilitate the transcellular Ca
++
permeation via Trpv5. This discovery not only resolves a longstanding mystery pertaining to the role of transcellular Ca
++
pathway in the FHHNC syndrome, but also reveals a class of functional binding partners for Trp channels.
Targeted mobilization of Lrig1
+
gastric epithelial stem cell populations by a carcinogenic
Helicobacter pylori
type IV secretion system
Authors: Wroblewski Lydia E. , Choi Eunyoung , Petersen Christine , Delgado Alberto G. , Piazuelo M. Blanca , Romero-Gallo Judith , Lantz Tyler L. , Zavros Yana , Coffey Robert J. , Goldenring James R. , Zemper Anne E. , Peek Richard M.
Published: September 2019

Significance

Helicobacter pylori
is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma and has been deemed a class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. One of the most important
H. pylori
virulence factors is the
cag
pathogenicity island (PAI); however, the precise mechanisms through which
H. pylori
induces gastric adenocarcinoma are incompletely defined. In human samples, Lrig1 expression is enhanced in lesions with premalignant potential. In mouse models, chronic
H. pylori
infection stimulates Lrig1
+
progenitor cells in a
cag
-dependent manner, and these stem cells give rise to differentiated gastric cells. Thus, the
cag
PAI is a key mediator of the epithelial progenitor cell responsiveness that develops following chronic
H. pylori
infection.
Lgr5
+
pericentral hepatocytes are self-maintained in normal liver regeneration and susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Ang Chow Hiang , Hsu Shih Han , Guo Fusheng , Tan Chong Teik , Yu Victor C. , Visvader Jane E. , Chow Pierce K. H. , Fu Nai Yang
Published: September 2019

Significance

Liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity following injuries. However, the cellular dynamics of how hepatocytes are replenished during homeostasis and upon liver injuries remains largely unclear. By using genetic lineage tracing strategies on rare Lgr5
+
hepatocytes surrounding the central veins of the liver lobule, this study shows that Lgr5
+
hepatocytes are self-maintained during normal homeostasis and various liver injuries, and contributed to hepatocarcinogesis in two different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. Our findings provide an insight on hepatocyte regeneration under homeostasis and liver injuries and uncover Lgr5
+
hepatocytes as potential cellular origin in HCC development.
Neurokinin-1 receptor is an effective target for treating leukemia by inducing oxidative stress through mitochondrial calcium overload
Authors: Ge Chentao , Huang Hemiao , Huang Feiyan , Yang Tianxin , Zhang Tengfei , Wu Hongzhang , Zhou Hanwei , Chen Qi , Shi Yue , Sun Yanfang , Liu Liangjue , Wang Xi , Pearson Richard B. , Cao Yihai , Kang Jian , Fu Caiyun
Published: September 2019

Substance P (SP) regulates multiple biological processes through its high-affinity neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). While the SP/NK-1R signaling axis is involved in the pathogenesis of solid cancer, the role of this signaling pathway in hematological malignancy remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that NK-1R expression is markedly elevated in the white blood cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and a panel of human leukemia cell lines. Blocking NK-1R induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo via increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. This oxidative stress was triggered by rapid calcium flux from the endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria and, consequently, impairment of mitochondrial function, a mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of NK-1R antagonists. Besides anticancer activity, blocking NK-1R produces a potent antinociceptive effect in myeloid leukemia-induced bone pain by alleviating inflammation and inducing apoptosis. These findings thus raise the exciting possibility that the NK-1R antagonists, drugs currently used in the clinic for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, may provide a therapeutic option for treating human myeloid leukemia.
New factors for protein transport identified by a genome-wide CRISPRi screen in mammalian cells
Authors: Bassaganyas Laia , Popa Stephanie J. , Horlbeck Max , Puri Claudia , Stewart Sarah E. , Campelo Felix , Ashok Anupama , Butnaru Cristian M. , Brouwers Nathalie , Heydari Kartoosh , Ripoche Jean , Weissman Jonathan , Rubinsztein David C. , Schekman Randy , Malhotra Vivek , Moreau Kevin , Villeneuve Julien
Published: September 2019

Protein and membrane trafficking pathways are critical for cell and tissue homeostasis. Traditional genetic and biochemical approaches have shed light on basic principles underlying these processes. However, the list of factors required for secretory pathway function remains incomplete, and mechanisms involved in their adaptation poorly understood. Here, we present a powerful strategy based on a pooled genome-wide CRISPRi screen that allowed the identification of new factors involved in protein transport. Two newly identified factors, TTC17 and CCDC157, localized along the secretory pathway and were found to interact with resident proteins of ER-Golgi membranes. In addition, we uncovered that upon TTC17 knockdown, the polarized organization of Golgi cisternae was altered, creating glycosylation defects, and that CCDC157 is an important factor for the fusion of transport carriers to Golgi membranes. In conclusion, our work identified and characterized new actors in the mechanisms of protein transport and secretion and opens stimulating perspectives for the use of our platform in physiological and pathological contexts.
Hair follicle regeneration suppresses Ras-driven oncogenic growth
Authors: Pineda Cristiana M. , Gonzalez David G. , Matte-Martone Catherine , Boucher Jonathan , Lathrop Elizabeth , Gallini Sara , Fons Nathan R. , Xin Tianchi , Tai Karen , Marsh Edward , Nguyen Don X. , Suozzi Kathleen C. , Beronja Slobodan , Greco Valentina
Published: September 2019

Mutations associated with tumor development in certain tissues can be nontumorigenic in others, yet the mechanisms underlying these different outcomes remains poorly understood. To address this, we targeted an activating Hras mutation to hair follicle stem cells and discovered that Hras mutant cells outcompete wild-type neighbors yet are integrated into clinically normal skin hair follicles. In contrast, targeting the Hras mutation to the upper noncycling region of the skin epithelium leads to benign outgrowths. Follicular Hras mutant cells autonomously and nonautonomously enhance regeneration, which directs mutant cells into continuous tissue cycling to promote integration rather than aberrancy. This follicular tolerance is maintained under additional challenges that promote tumorigenesis in the epidermis, including aging, injury, and a secondary mutation. Thus, the hair follicle possesses a unique, enhanced capacity to integrate and contain Hras mutant cells within both homeostatic and perturbed tissue, demonstrating that in the skin, multiple, distinct mechanisms exist to suppress oncogenic growth.
Local entanglement and string order parameter in dimerized models
Authors: Bahovadinov Murod S , Gülseren Oğuz , Schnack Jürgen
Published: September 2019

In this letter, we propose an application of string order parameter (SOP), commonly used in quantum spin systems, to identify symmetry-protected topological phase (SPT) in fermionic systems in the example of the dimerized fermionic chain. As a generalized form of dimerized model, we consider a one-dimensional spin-1/2 XX model with alternating spin couplings. We employ Jordan–Wigner fermionization to map this model to the spinless Su–Schrieffer–Heeger fermionic model (SSH) with generalized hopping signs. We demonstrate a phase transition between a trivial insulating phase and the Haldane phase by the exact analytical evaluation of reconstructed SOPs which are represented as determinants of Toeplitz matrices with the given generating functions. To get more insight into the topological quantum phase transition (tQPT) and microscopic correlations, we study the pairwise concurrence as a local entanglement measure of the model. We show that the first derivative of the concurrence has a non-analytic behaviour in the vicinity of the tQPT, like in the second order trivial QPTs.
Spin current between the two different topological phases in the equilibrium system
Authors: Wei Fan , Hu Jinxin , Yu Sixia
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we analyze the equilibrium spin current in a two-dimensional electron gas with a Rashba spin–orbit coupling at zero bias. Silicene has been successfully synthesized on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, and has some unique features due to its buckled structure. By applying the electric and exchange fields, various phases can be realized, such as valley polarized metal (VPM) phase, quantum anomalous Hall state and quantum spin Hall (QSH) state. Both VPM and QSH exhibit metalliclike behavior, we put two different phases in an infinite zigzag nanoribbon, even the weak inhomogeneity of the Rashba medium leads to spin current, and introduce how to control the output polarized current by tuning the electric and exchange fields. Furthermore, we define the concept of bond spin current, and plot the spatial distribution of microscopic spin current. In particular, spin vortex appears when the injected energy is close to the Fermi level, where spin current changes most violently.
Ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser with Zirconium disulfide on D-shaped Fiber
Authors: Yap W.
Published: September 2019

It has come to the attention of the Editors of Chinese Physics B that the article entitled 'Ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser with zirconium disulfide on D-shaped fiber' should not have been accepted for publication because of its substantial replication of an article submitted to Infrared Physics & Technology. Consequently, this paper has been withdrawn from publication.
Discovery of superhard materials via CALYPSO methodology*
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , He Julong , Zhao Zhisheng , Yu Dongli , Tian Yongjun
Published: September 2019

The study of superhard materials plays a critical role in modern industrial applications due to their widespread applications as cutting tools, abrasives, exploitation drills, and coatings. The search for new superhard materials with superior performance remains a hot topic and is mainly considered as two classes of materials: (i) the light-element compounds in the B–C–N–O(–Si) system with strong and short covalent bonds, and (ii) the transition-element light-element compounds with strong covalent bonds frameworks and high valence electron density. In this paper, we review the recent achievements in the prediction of superhard materials mostly using the advanced CALYPSO methodology. A number of novel, superhard crystals of light-element compounds and transition-metal borides, carbides, and nitrides have been theoretically identified and some of them account well for the experimentally mysterious phases. To design superhard materials via CALYPSO methodology is independent of any known structural and experimental data, resulting in many remarkable structures accelerating the development of new superhard materials.
Comparative analysis of ANFO and emulsion application on overbreak and underbreak at blasting development activity in underground Deep Mill Level Zone (DMLZ) PT Freeport Indonesia
Authors: Widodo S , Anwar H , Syafitri N A
Published: September 2019

Underground Deep Mill Level Zone (DMLZ) mine PT Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) is still in development stage and currently has no production activities yet. In underground DMLZ mine, a trial of emulsion explosive has conducted since March 15th, 2017 where previously used was Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) explosive for tunnel blasting. This study purposes to analyse the results and impact of ANFO and emulsion explosive in order to know the advantages and disadvantages of each explosives. In this study, an overbreak and underbreak comparison evaluation was performed by ANFO explosives and emulsion in underground DMLZ mine tunnel blasting. Furthermore, processing data based on explosives specification data, explosives quantity, heading location and time that detonated, solid design and actual tunnel DMLZ of PT. Freeport Indonesia, also cross section data. After all the data were processed and analysed, it was concluded that the emulsion explosive was more effective for use in tunnel blasting. To optimize the effective blasting results it is necessary to redesign new drilling patterns and blasting geometry by used of radial crack method, so that they can be applied to DMLZ tunnels in the future.
Developing Agricultural Land Geospatial Information in Supporting Regional Food Resilience
Authors: Nurmiaty  , Baja Sumbangan , Arif Samsu , Ridwan Andi , Rahmad D. , Sukmawati
Published: September 2019

One of the major obstacles in increasing the agricultural production yields is the inappropriate management of land use due to the differences in land biophysical characteristics in each region. Therefore, it is necessary to have spatial-based land use management that is appropriate for handling agricultural land. This research aims at structuring geospatial information of agricultural land biophysical characteristics and agricultural land appropriateness (potential and limiter) for food plants development in Pangkep Regency. This research uses the up-to-date approach of multi-scale observation, so the problems becoming the restricting factors of productivity can immediately be overcome. The method used consists of 2 stages, namely stage 1, analysis of agricultural land (biophysical) climate and land characteristics through land survey, laboratory analysis, and land characteristic spatialization; stage 2, analysis of agricultural land appropriateness (potential and limiter) using land appropriateness method offuzzy set/FAO, satellite image information extraction, ground truth, and ground sampling. The results of the research are in the form of geospatial information on agricultural land biophysical characteristics and agricultural land appropriateness (potential and limiter) for food plants development in Pangkep Regency. With the information, decision makers will have more ease and they integrate into making policies for agricultural land use management in Pangkep Regency that will end up aiming to increase food production.
Using Geospatial Information Technology for Regional Assessment of Food Crop Land in South Sulawesi
Authors: Baja Sumbangan , Neswati Risma , Arif Samsu
Published: September 2019

Recently, geospatial information on land suitability and land availability for specific purposes has become a prerequisite for strategic planning in regional development. Although geospatial data on land resources and their uses have become more available and detailed, in some circumstances, their geographical representations for spatial decision making are often considerably intricate. Accordingly, it requires advanced geospatial methods and approaches that could deal with those complex phenomena in an effective manner. The principal aim of this paper is to utilize Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) to assess food crop land suitability at a regional scale. We fully utilize integrated techniques of GIS and RS in mapping land areas of three regencies, namely Takalar and Jeneponto, where such regencies have to date become strategic areas for food crop development, especially maize. Our preliminary finding as show that although Jeneponto district has long been recognized as a very dry area (where some parts of the region have less than 1,000 mm annual rainfall), this area has a very large potential suitability for maize cultivation, followed by Takalar. Such analysis has also been confirmed by the results of our geospatial data analysis following ground visits and local government statistical data. The results of this study not only present the suitability of future development of food crop especially maize, but also depict spatially the distribution of land class fitness for a given crop in such three regions; and thus provide the basis for decision making in future land use management.
Estimation Mean by the Bayesian Approach on the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart
Authors: Siruddin M , Herdiani E T , Thamrin S A
Published: September 2019

A control chart is one of the primary techniques of statistical quality control. Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart is one of the control charts used to detect a small shift in the mean process. In the quality control process, the control chart is often constructed by ignoring parameter uncertainty. This can affect the long-term performance of the control chart in a controlled or out-of-control state, so parameter estimation is necessary. The parameter estimation method used in this paper is the Bayesian approach. The Bayesian approach is used to develop an EWMA control chart in monitoring a process. The performance of the EWMA control chart with the Bayesian approach has been evaluated using Average Run Length (ARL). Based on the comparison of the ARL value from the EWMA control chart with the Bayesian approach and the Classical EWMA control chart, it shows that the EWMA control chart with the Bayesian approach is more sensitive in detecting the shift in the mean process.
Petrogenesis of Kalisonggo tertiary lava, Girimulyo Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta based on mineralogy and geochemical analysis
Authors: Aribowo Y , Ali R K , Najib A
Published: September 2019

The andesite lava that exposed in Kalisonggo, Girimulyo, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta is the product of Kulonprogo Volcano activity. Kulonprogo Volcano is an ancient volcano that has three eruption centers. This study was conducted to determine the petrogenesis of Kalisonggo lava including sources, tectonic setting and other processes that controlled the formation of the lava. The methods used in this research are petrographic analysis (6 rock samples) and geochemical analysis (major oxides and trace elements) by XRF. Petrographic analysis shows that in general, all samples are composed by plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, opaque mineral, and glass. Hornblende occured in three samples from the south area only and no hornblende found in the sample from north area. The rocks have porphyritic, ophitic, glomeroporphyritic texture, and some plagioclase zoning. The XRF geochemical analysis result show that the rocks composition are andesitic-basaltic andesite. From SiO2 vs K2O + Na2O diagrams and Co vs Th diagrams, the rocks is interpreted as product of Gadjah volcano eruption. This product characterized by calc-alkaline magma series. The magma affinity indicates that the magma generated in subduction zone or island arc.
The effectiveness of vacuum preloading on eliminate secondary settlement; case study in summarecon city bandung area’s development project
Authors: Wahyu A L , Mochtar I B
Published: September 2019

Summarecon City Bandung Area’s Development Project is used to use embankment preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) to improve the soil, but due to weather problems, used another alternative by replacing embankment preloading to vacuum preloading. Vacuum preloading with PVD is only intended for accelerate primary settlement, while secondary settlement still exists. Secondary settlement in this project needs to be paid attention because according to the reality in the field, secondary settlement happened quite large because the soil mix with organic soil. Secondary settlement could cause differential settlement which can damage the infrastructure and make the infrastructure drop until lower than flood water level. So far, there has not been a study about how to eliminate secondary settlement in order to complete that settlement before the infrastructure is built, so that differential settlement does not happen. Therefore, a study about eliminate secondary settlement in order to be completed before the infrastructure is built is needed with remove it along with primary settlement. In this case, secondary settlement is going to be eliminated by adding additional load in the form of embankment preloading. Overall, this study can be a suggestion and consideration for the decision-making of Summarecon on selecting the soil improvement; embankment preloading or vacuum preloading.
Geomorphology study on the Bandar Lampung Capital City for recommendation of development area
Authors: Mulyasari Rahmi , Utama Hari Wiki , Haerudin Nandi
Published: September 2019

Bandar Lampung area is a capital of Lampung Province that located on the south of Lampung Province. It has highly populated urban area consisting of land and waters with several highlands and mountains lied in Bandar Lampung. Population density supported by high infrastructure development makes Bandar Lampung City become a city with rapid growth. Consequently, spatial planning concept by considering all aspects needed to support sustainable development in a city, one of them is geomorphology aspect. Geomorphology has an important role to give the information and overview on the existing landscape in an area. The aim of this paper is to know geomorphology characteristics of this area that could provide an information to land use, disaster mitigation, and references for infrastructure development area. Analysis of geomorphology aspect was employed in this study, which are morphology aspect (morphography and morphometry), morphogenetics aspect (morphostructure active, passive and dynamic), morphochronology aspect and also consider the morphoconservation aspect. Remote sensing is a method which is carried out to know characteristic of geomorphology aspect become a map. The geomorphologic map is resulted based on analysis of geomorphology aspect. This area could be divided to four geomophologic units, there are fluviatil unit, structural unit, volcanic unit, and denudational unit. In addition, based on analysis of geology and geomorphology, the area composed of two degree of geohazard, which are secure zone and dangerous zone. In addition, geomorphology map could be used to designed and development for recommendation area in Bandar Lampung.