bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ Destructive Behavior Towards The Teacher in The Teaching and Learning Process
Authors: Muhlis Achmad , Holis Muhammad , Sebgag Saliha , Wardi Moh.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This study analyzes the model, factors, and alternative solutions to students’ destructive behavior towards teachers in teaching-learning. It took place at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri in Madura as immoral acts that violate the norms and values of social life by students to their teachers. It was qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were representatives of MTsN teachers in Madura, namely MTsN 1 Sumenep, Pamekasan, MTsN 3 Pamekasan, MTsN 1 Sampang, and MTsN 1 Bangkalan. The research data was taken by the method of observation, documentation, and interviews. The results showed that destructive behavior models in destructive verbal behavior, destructive behavior in the form of physical and mental destructive behavior. Furthermore, the causes of students’ destructive behavior towards teachers in learning at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri in Madura were internal and external factors, including the social status of students being higher than their teachers. Students thought they have more intelligence and knowledge than their teachers. Therefore, the teachers did the home visits, parenting, and parental involvement, and educational sanctions to overcome it. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang model, faktor penyebab, serta solusi alternatif perilaku destruktif murid terhadap guru dalam pembelajaran pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri di Madura, sebagai tindakan amoral yang melanggar norma dan tatanan nilai kehidupan sosial masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh murid kepada gurunya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, Subyek penelitian ini adalah keterwakilan dari Guru MTsN yang ada di Madura yaitu MTsN 1 Sumenep, Pamekasan, MTsN 3 Pamekasan, MTsN 1 Sampang, and MTsN 1 Bangkalan. Data penelitian diambil dengan metode observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, model perilaku destruktif berupa prilaku destruktif verbal, perilaku destruktif fisik, dan perilaku destruktif mental. Kedua, Faktor penyebab perilaku destruktif murid terhadap guru dalam pembelajaran pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri di Madura karena faktor internal dan eksternal, diantaranya status sosial murid lebih tinggi dari gurunya, Murid merasa memiliki kecerdasan dan pengetahuan yang lebih dari gurunya. Ketiga, Cara mengatasi perilaku destruktif murid terhadap guru Pembinaan, Keteladanan dan Keterlibatan Orang tua “Home Visit”, dan pemberian sanksi edukasi pada siswa.
A New Way of Managing Drilling Required Bridging Old Divides
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: August 2021

Drilling a well by the book has its downsides.

A major downside of these plans in a PDF book format is they “do not include all the information needed to drill a well.”

For those doing the work, they have the added downside of “not being formatted to match the real-time workflow.”

And the plans are a one-way form of communication. “The pre-spud meeting might be the first time the driller is exposed to that well program,” said Matt Isbell, senior drilling engineering advisor for Hess who presented an alternative to that system at the 2021 IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition (SPE 204050).

The paper coauthored by Hess, Nabors, and Halliburton described a process to replace the book with instructions and information delivered on a screen as needed while drilling. The goal was to provide a common view of the plan and the information needed to build a well for the driller and other parties working on the rig or remotely.

The new digital system streamlined a process that included 20 separate documents using various templates plus multiple file-sharing sites and emails.

“As the pace and complexity increases, how do we better manage this as a single system,” said Isbell. His response to the rhetorical question: “Why not just email files back and forth?” was “We believe we have reached the point where we cannot just send information back and forth in time to efficiently drill the well.”

In addition to offering a step-by-step version of the plan, this resource offers a range of instructions and resources—from the well geometry and potential hazards to best practices and instructions on automated procedures.

It replaces the book which was never a good problem-solving tool.

“If you wanted to find out anything afterward, you had to troll though a 100-page document,” said Moray Laing, director of digital value well construction engineering for Halliburton. The paper coauthor remembers those books when he was working offshore many years ago.

Halliburton helped address the technical challenge with a system it has been working on for 3 years, which is also being used by Aker, BP, and Maersk, who are working on a system for remote operating centers to manage offshore operations.

Other companies, such as Schlumberger and drilling advisors Corva, are working on new ways to deliver drilling instructions which incorporate the drilling plan in the displays.

What was different, and difficult, about the Hess-led effort was the collaboration to create a unified plan for the display.

“The goal was a system pulling it all together, integrating a series of steps,” Laing said.

He was referring to what he described as a complex well-construction plan based on Hess’ design that would be executed by Nabors.

The digital well plan required Hess and Nabors to agree on how the work should be done and how that should be communicated to those building the plan.

When the partners began meeting to figure out how to do that, however, they discovered some very basic differences such as differing definitions of the word “activity.”
Best Practices for Avoiding Erosion in Annular Fracturing
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: August 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 204417, “Avoiding Erosion: Best Practices for Coiled Tubing Annular Fracturing Operations,” by Kaveh Yekta, SPE, and Jamie Fenwick, SPE, Essential Energy Services, and Kevin Elliott, SPE, NOV, et al., prepared for the 2021 SPE/ICoTA Virtual Well Intervention Conference, 22–25 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The onset of erosion of coiled tubing (CT) strings may be difficult to predict in annular fracturing operations. The complete paper describes a methodology of verifying that CT strings have not been subject to erosion caused by annular fracturing operations. An exploration of pumping rates used on these strings in operations also provides field-tested practical guidelines for avoiding erosion when performing annular fracturing jobs.

Inspection

A CT string may be exposed to erosion in the outer surface during CT annular fracturing operations. The critical parameters that may influence the magnitude of erosion include fracturing pump rate, sand concentration, fluid rheology, wellbore geometry, and the grade of CT string. One measurable parameter to examine the string’s suitability is the wall thickness for each section. The CT strings discussed in the complete paper were sent for inspection to learn about the effect of the fracturing treatment. A series of nondestructive tests was conducted pre- and post-operation to evaluate the readiness of strings for subsequent operations. The complete paper includes two graphs related to the results of these tests.

Materials

The API 5ST specification requires using eddy current (EC) inspection for CT. With respect to API 5ST, quenched and tempered tubing had not been addressed at the time of this paper’s submission, so it is not clear whether the CT manufacturers employ EC techniques after quenching and tempering. However, it is expected that all tubing will be subject to EC inspection at least before any quenching and tempering operations.

Inspection methodology and equipment consistency is important to establish a baseline inspection necessary for subsequent comparisons. In the case of the CT strings used in this study, all were subject to EC inspection at tubing manufacturing and then subsequently inspected by an outside, third-party vendor using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) technology when spooling the strings on the unit. No known third-party EC vendors can inspect string lengths of CT, so MFL inspection is the only available solution. Photographs of CT inspections taken at the manufacturing facility and the service and distribution point are included in the paper.

Several commercial third-party inspection companies operate in North America, where this work was performed. Provided that the inspection can begin by identifying features in the calibration standard (often a through-drilled hole), the selection of inspection methodology is primarily a matter of preference for the service company and operator.
Assessing Bypassed Hydrocarbons
Authors: Oifoghe Stanley , Alarcon Nora , Grigoletto Lucrecia
Published: August 2021

Hydrocarbons are bypassed in known fields. This is due to reservoir heterogeneities, complex lithology, and limitations of existing technology.

This paper seeks to identify the scenarios of bypassed hydrocarbons, and to highlight how advances in reservoir characterization techniques have improved assessment of bypassed hydrocarbons.

The present case study is an evaluation well drilled on the continental shelf, off the West African Coastline. The targeted thin-bedded reservoir sands are of Cenomanian age.

Some technologies for assessing bypassed hydrocarbon include Gamma Ray Spectralog and Thin Bed Analysis. NMR is important for accurate reservoir characterization of thinly bedded reservoirs.

The measured NMR porosity was 15pu, which is 42% of the actual porosity. Using the measured values gave a permeability of 5.3mD as against the actual permeability of 234mD.

The novel model presented in this paper increased the porosity by 58% and the permeability by 4315%.
Production and Performance Evaluation of Biodetergents as an Alternative to Conventional Drilling Detergent
Authors: Azuokwu Augustine Azubike , Yerima Yakubu , Azike Rowland Ugochukwu
Published: August 2021

Drilling detergents are among the chemical compounds that are increasingly being used in many varieties of drilling fluids. They are aqueous blend of surface-active agents that reduces the surface tension of water-based drilling fluids, reduces the sticking tendency of water-sensitive shale cuttings and aid cuttings removal; leading to cleaner hole, faster penetration rates and lower drilling pressure.

Due to the increase in environmental issues associated with the disposal of drilling detergent presently used, drilling companies are exploring options of using environmentally friendly, degradable and renewable drilling detergents.

In this study, biodetergents were produced from non-edible seed oils (Ricinus communis oil and Azadirachta Indica oil). The biodetergents and a commercial drilling detergent used in the Niger Delta field were analysed for a number of standard properties required for good drilling detergents. Drilling muds formulated with these detergents were also analysed for a number of standard mud properties.

Physicochemical properties analyses showed that biodetergents met the required specification of good drilling detergents. The physicochemical properties of the biodetergents were also comparable to that of commercial drilling detergent. BOD values obtained showed that the biodetergents could easily be broken or biodegraded than the commercial drilling detergent. Toxicity test on Penaeus Monodon showed that biodetergents are more environmentally friendly than the commercial drilling detergent. Drilling mud properties analyses further showed that synthesized biodetergents can be used as an alternative to conventional drilling detergent.
Evaluation of plasmatic extracellular vesicles by size
Authors: Cantone Laura , Hoxha Mirjam , Favero Chiara , Ferrari Luca , Bollati Valentina
Published: August 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in many physiological and pathological processes [1]. EVs are a heterogeneous group of membrane-confined particles including endosome-derived exosomes and plasma membrane-originated microvesicles. The expanding field of extracellular vesicle research needs reproducible and accurate methods to characterize EVs [2]. EV profiling can be challenging due to the small size and heterogeneity. This protocol aims to provide a method to isolate EVs and facilitate high-precision particle quantitation by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA)[3, 4]. NTA is commonly used to determine EV concentration and diameter [5, 6]. The protocol here described refers to the isolation of EVs from blood-plasma samples by using ultracentrifugation and then quantification and sizing of EVs with NTA by NanoSight NS300 system (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK) provided with a syringe pump module enabling analysis in constant flow for improved sample statistics.
A movement monitoring system for assessing restricted rodents' movements during social interaction tests
Authors: Netser Shai , Bizer Alexander , Wagner Shlomo
Published: August 2021

Social interactions between rodents is commonly evaluated using setups that enable restricted interactions between two rodents. However, such interactions are most often evaluated only for the animal defined as subject, but not for the social stimuli, which are usually located in a specific compartment. In most cases, behavioral quantification is done using a single video camera that allows visualizing the subject, but not the stimuli. To assess stimuli behavior in such experiments, we constructed a movement-monitoring system, comprising an array of piezoelectric sensors located at the floor of a small triangular chamber to which the social stimulus is allocated. The system and quantification methodology described in the following protocol, together with a camera recorded simultaneously, enabled us to simultaneously evaluate the movements of one or two social stimuli and the subject's investigatory behavior correlated with it.
Autofluorescence imaging for human pluripotent stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes
Authors: Qian Tongcheng , Heaster Tiffany M. , Skala Melissa C.
Published: August 2021

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes provide a promising regenerative cell therapy for cardiovascular patients and an important model system to accelerate drug discovery. However, cost-effective and time-efficient platforms must be developed to evaluate the quality of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes during biomanufacturing. Here, we develop a non-invasive label-free live cell imaging platform to predict the efficiency of hPSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Autofluorescence imaging of metabolic co-enzymes is performed under varying differentiation conditions (cell density, concentration of Wnt signaling activator) across three hPSC lines.
Service Function Chain Placement in Distributed Scenarios: a Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Guto Leoni , Bezerra Diego de Freitas , Rocha Élisson da Silva , Ferreira Leylane , Moreira André , Gonçalves Glauco , Marquezini Maria Valéria , Recse Ákos , Mehta Amardeep , Kelner Judith , Sadok Djamel , Endo Patricia Takako
Published: July 2021

The network function virtualization (NFV) paradigm is an emerging technology that provides network flexibility by allowing the allocation of network functions over commodity hardware, like legacy servers in an IT infrastructure. In comparison with traditional network functions, implemented by dedicated hardware, the use of NFV reduces the operating and capital expenses and improves service deployment. In some scenarios, a complete network service can be composed of several functions, following a specific order, known as a service function chain (SFC). SFC placement is a complex task, already proved to be NP-hard. Moreover, in highly distributed scenarios, the network performance can also be impacted by other factors, such as traffic oscillations and high delays. Therefore, a given SFC placement strategy must be carefully developed to meet the network operator service constraints. In this paper, we present a systematic review of SFC placement advances in distributed scenarios. Differently from the current literature, we examine works over the last 10 years which addressed this problem while focusing on distributed scenarios. We then discuss the main scenarios where SFC placement has been deployed, as well as the several techniques used to create the placement strategies. We also present the main goals considered to create SFC placement strategies and highlight the metrics used to evaluate them.
Development of an Automated System for Adaptive Post-Weld Treatment and Quality Inspection of Linear Welds
Authors: Mikkelstrup Anders Faarbæk , Kristiansen Morten , Kristiansen Ewa
Published: August 2021

High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment is a well-documented post-weld treatment to improve the fatigue life of welds. Treatment of the weld toe must be performed by a skilled operator due to the curved and inconsistent nature of the weld toe to ensure an acceptable quality. However, the process is characterised by noise and vibrations; hence, manual treatment should be avoided for extended periods of time. This work proposes an automated system for applying robotised 3D scanning to perform post-weld treatment and quality inspection of linear welds. A 3D scan of the weld is applied to locally determine the gradient and curvature across the weld surface to locate the weld toe. Based on the weld toe position, an adaptive robotic treatment trajectory is generated that accurately follows the curvature of the weld toe and adapts tool orientation to the weld profile. The 3D scan is reiterated after the treatment, and the surface gradient and curvature are further applied to extract the quantitative measures of the treatment, such as groove radius, weld toe deviation, and indentation depth and width. The adaptive robotic treatment is compared experimentally to manual and linear robotic treatment. This is done by treating 600 mm weld toe of each treatment type and evaluating the quantitative measures using the developed system. The results showed that the developed system reduced the overall treatment variance by respectively 26.6 % and 31.9 %. Additionally, a mean weld toe deviation of 0.09 mm was achieved; thus, improving process stability yet minimising human involvement.
Menstrual hygiene practice and its determinants among Adolescent Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara
Published: August 2021

Background: Poor menstrual hygiene practices can lead to gynecological problems, psychosocial stress, and reduced access to school. Menstrual hygiene has not received adequate attention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, there are fragmented and inconsistent findings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene practice and identify its associated factors among adolescent girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: The protocol for this review had registered at PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42020165628. In this study, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline will be used to report the protocol. Online electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL and grey literature will be searched to retrieve available studies. Joanna Briggs Institute checklist will be used to assess the quality of the studies. Heterogeneity among studies will be examined using a chi-squared test and I-squared statistic. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be performed. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to identify influential studies. Publication bias will be examined by funnel plots and Egger’s test. The statistical analysis will be conducted using STATA version-14 software. A random-effect model will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence, and statistical significance will be determined at a p-value of <0.05.Discussion: Poor menstrual hygiene practice affects the health of millions of adolescent girls in developing countries. Currently, there are no meta-analysis research findings on the overall pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene practice and its associated factor in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will be used to inform policy-makers, programmers, planners, clinicians, and researchers to design appropriate strategies.
Expression Profile of RNA Binding Protein in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Huang Zhiyuan , Li Fang , Li Qinchuan
Published: August 2021

Background: It has been demonstrated by studies globally that RNA binding proteins (RBPs) took part in the development of cervical cancer (CC). Few studies concentrated on the correlation between RBPs and overall survival of CC patients. We retrieved significant DEGs (differently expressed genes, RNA binding proteins) correlated to the process of cervical cancer development. Methods: Expressions level of genes in cervical cancer and normal tissue samples were obtained from GTEx and TCGA database. Differently expressed RNA binding proteins (DEGs) were retrieved by Wilcoxon sum-rank test. ClusterProfiler package worked in R software was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Univariate propotional hazard cox regression and multivariate propotional hazard cox regressions were applied to identify DEGs equipped with prognostic value and other clinical independent risk factors. ROC curve was drawn for comparing the survival predict feasibility of risk score with other risk factors in CC patients. Nomogram was drawn to exhibit the prediction model and validated by C-index and calibration curve. Correlations between Differentially expressed RNA binding proteins (DEGs) and other clinical features were investigated by t test or Cruskal wallis analysis. Correlation between Immune and DEGs in cervical cancer was investigated by ssGSEA. Results: 347 differentially expressed RBPs (DEGs) were retrieved from cervical cancer tissue and normal tissue samples. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs involved in RNA splicing, catabolic process and metabolism. Cox regression medel showed that there were ten DEGs significantly associated with overall survival of cervical caner patients. WDR43 (HR = 0.423, P=0.008), RBM38 (HR = 0.533, P<0.001), RNASEH2A (HR=0.474, P=0.002) and HENMT1 (HR=0.720, P=0.071) played protective roles in survival among these ten genes. Stage (Stage IV vs Stage I HR = 3.434, P<0.001) and risk score (HR = 1.214, P< 0.001) were sorted as independent prognostic risk factors based on multivariate cox regression. ROC curve validated that risk score was preferable to predict survival of CC patients than other risk factors. Additionally, we found some of these ten predictor DEGs were correlated significantly in statistic with tumor grade or stage, clinical T stage, clinical N stage, pathology or risk score (all P< 0.05). Part of immune cells and immune functions showed a lower activity in high risk group than low risk group which is distincted by median risk score. Conclusion: Our discovery showed that many RNA binding proteins involved in the progress of cervical cancer, which could probably serve as prognostic biomarkers and accelerate the discovery of treatment targets for CC patients.
Pan-Cancer Analysis of Molecular Characteristics and Oncogenic Role of PRMT5 in Human Cancers
Authors: Liu He , Huang Lexi , Jia Kunpeng , Pan Xiaohua
Published: August 2021

Background Accumulating evidence supports the correlation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and cancers development. However, the expression and prognostic values of PRMT5 in various cancers have not been clarified. Methods Here, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, we performed a pan-cancer analysis to explore the expression profile , prognostic value landscape, relationship with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and potential molecular mechanisms of PRMT5 in cancer development. Moreover, CCK8, wound healing and transwell assays, and western blotting analysis were conducted to evaluate how PRMT5 affects the proliferation and migration, and expression of related hallmarks in breast cancer cells. Results We found that PRMT5 was upregulated in most cancers and PRMT5 harbored distinct prognostic values across different cancer types. In addition, PRMT5 expression was negatively correlated with CD8 + T cells in tumors of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CSEC) and Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM), and positively correlated with the cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumors of adrenocortical carcinoma, CESC, cholangio carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and SKCM-Primary. Moreover, the enrichment analysis identified that PRMT5 mechanistically regulated cancers development by acting on DNA and RNA metabolism, and stress response related pathways. By further gene silencing experiment, we confirmed tha t PRMT5 knockdown reduced the proliferative and migrative capacities, as well as the expression of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), p21 and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Collectively, our pan-cancer study highlighted the importance value of PRMT5 in cancer development and prognosis, and pharmacologic targeting at PRMT5 may provide a novel approach for the treatment of cancers.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmic Presentations to an Australian Outer Metropolitan and Rural Emergency Department: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Leung King Fai Calvin , Golzan Mojtaba , Egodage Chaminda , Rodda Simon , Cracknell Richard , Macken Peter , Kaushik Shweta
Published: August 2021

Background
To analyse ophthalmic presentations to an outer metropolitan and a rural emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
Methods
A retrospective comparative study of ophthalmic emergency presentations to Campbelltown Hospital (fifth busiest NSW metropolitan ED; population 310,000) and Bowral and District Hospital (rural ED; population 48,000) before and during COVID-19 was conducted. Patient demographics, triage category, referral source, diagnosis, length of stay, departure status, and follow-up location were assessed from coding data between March 1st to May 31st in 2019 and 2020, corresponding to the peak case numbers and restrictions during COVID-19 in NSW. Differences before and during COVID-19 were analysed using chi-squared tests or independent sample t-tests.
Results
There was no change in ophthalmic presentations at Campbelltown (n = 228 in 2019 vs. n = 232 in 2020; +1.75%, p = 0.12) and an increase at Bowral (n = 100 in 2019 vs. n = 111 in 2020; +11%, p < 0.01) during COVID-19. Urgent ophthalmic presentations (Triage Category 3) decreased at Bowral (p = 0.0075), while non-urgent ophthalmic presentations (Triage Category 5) increased at both hospitals (Campbelltown p < 0.05, Bowral p < 0.01).
Conclusions
An upward and varied trend in ophthalmic presentations to an outer metropolitan and a rural ED was observed. Heterogeneous ophthalmic presentation trends at peripheral EDs suggest that a high demand for ophthalmic services remained. A flexible healthcare delivery strategy, such as tele-ophthalmology, may optimise patient care during and after COVID-19.
Study on the Method of Enucleation of Anterior Uterine Fibroids by Transverse Incision of Lower Uterine Segment During Cesarean Section
Authors: Xia Li , Lin Jinxiao , Xu Rongli , You Wenqiang , Dai Yan
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of enucleation fibroids of the anterior wall of the uterus by transverse incision of the uterus at the same time during cesarean section.
Methods

The medical history, surgical data, preoperative and postoperative blood system changes and complications of 90 pregnant women who underwent myomectomy of the anterior uterine wall during cesarean section in the second Department of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Fujian Province were analyzed retrospectively.
Results

There was no significant difference in the number of leiomyoma, pathological type, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, incidence of perioperative bleeding, frequency of blood transfusion, incidence of postoperative fever, uterine involution and lochia between the study group and the control group. The proportion of large fibroids in the study group was slightly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the operation time and average hospitalization time in the study group were slightly longer than that in the control group (p < 0.05).The distribution of type III-V fibroids in the study group was slightly more than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the distribution of type VI fibroids in the study group was less than that in the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion

It is safe and effective to enucleate the fibroids of the anterior wall of the uterus through the lower uterine transverse incision in cesarean section. Potential to reduce the risk of pelvic adhesion and intrauterine adhesion in the future, so that some patients avoid the risk of reoperation.
Spheroid Culture Models Imitating the Tumor Microenvironment of Renal and Melanoma Cancer
Authors: Filipiak Aleksandra , Klaudia Brodaczewska , Aleksandra Majewska , Claudine Kieda
Published: August 2021

Background:Tumor development studies need higher degree of adaptation to the cancer cells specific mechanisms of plasticity in connection with their microenvironment. It appears that standard two-dimensional (2D) cultures and gas composition are not relevant to the real cancer environment. Existing three-dimensional (3D) models are often requiring difficult sophisticated conditions. Methods:Two distinct cancer models were chosen: melanoma (B16F10) and kidney cancer (RenCa) for their different biological reactions in terms of cancer progression. We proposed 3D method which brings simplicity, reproducibility and remarkable mimicry of the in vivo tumor reactions. We characterize and compare the 3D models with standard 2D culture in normoxic and hypoxic condition, depending on presence of hypoxia related genes/proteins and aggressiveness mechanism (EMT- Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and CSC- Cancer Stem Cells). We validate proposed 3D method by comparing it with in vivo obtained tumors. Results:The spheroid formation by both lines indicated a strong potency of melanoma cells to form and grow in 3D structures. These spheroid-growing cells reached a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and showed the formation of a hypoxic core while a similar development time produced renal cancer (RCC) 3D cells in growing phase and delayed hypoxia, as shown by hypoxia-related genes/proteins expression. A comparable response to hypoxia was observed in 3D spheroids and in vivo tumors for both lines as opposed to monolayer cultures. RCC model showed induction of CSC characteristic whereas, melanoma spheres contribute to EMT-related mechanism. Such distinction in the use of separate aggressiveness-leading pathways and response to hypoxia was observed in in vivo melanoma vs kidney tumors.Conclusion:This work shows that effects of the structural parameters and reaction to hypoxia uncover that these two cell models use distinct mechanisms to reach aggressiveness: epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSC) by B16F10 and RenCa cells, respectively. These data on aggressiveness pathways and reaction to hypoxia confirm and validate the proposed 3D models for further design of alternative methods.
Energy Efficient Power Allocation Framework for downlink MIMO-NOMA Heterogeneous IoT network: Non-Deep Learning and Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: S DEVIPRIYA , J Martin Leo Manickam
Published: August 2021

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as a key candidate technology in 5G networks. To improve the system efficiency of 5G systems, the design and principles of Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) can be adopted into NOMA. MIMO helps to improve the performance gain without the requirement of additional resources. In this paper, power allocation (PA) problem was investigated for downlink MIMO-NOMA systems by utilizing non-deep learning and deep learning approaches. In order to improve the energy efficiency of such MIMO-NOMA system, multi-dimensional power allocation problem was formulated which is a mixed integer non-linear programming problem. With this insight, the problem is first dealt with non-deep learning approach and it is solved by the proposed PASR (Power allocation based on shifting additional resources) scheme. This scheme is investigated with two different assumptions: fixed (F-PASR) and variable inter-cluster power (V-PASR). Finally, a machine learning framework was proposed to deal with power allocation problem. An energy efficient deep neural network model (EE-DNN) was proposed for power allocation to reduce the complexity and latency of the aforementioned problem. Extensive simulation results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed energy efficient schemes. It was clearly demonstrated that proposed F-PASR and V-PASR algorithms outperform conventional OMA (Orthogonal multiple access) scheme. It was also validated that deep learning based framework performs slightly poorer than non-deep learning schemes but with less computation time.
Role of Interleukin 6 in Prediction of Early Complications After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy – A Pilot Study
Authors: kumarasamy Sivaraman , Kumar Hemanth , Sharma Vishal , Mandavdhare Harshal , Ram Sant , Singh Harjeet
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Infectious complications following esophagectomy are associated with significant morbidity. Early prediction of these complications may mitigate significant morbidity and mortality
METHODS:

Patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy for carcinoma esophagus between January 2019 to June 2020 were included in the study. All patients underwent standard preoperative investigations and preparation. Post-operative complications including infectious complications were recorded. Association of postoperative serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with postoperative complications were analysed.
RESULTS:

A total of twenty-two participants were included in the study (median age; 51 years, 13(%) male). The tumor site was middle 1/3rd of esophagus in 13 (59.1 %), lower 1/3rd of esophagus in 9 (40.9 %). The tumor histology was squamous cell carcinoma in all patients. Eight (36.4 %) patients developed Major complications and five of them developed anastomotic leak. IL 6 levels was significantly higher on POD 3 in patients who developed major complications (p = 0.009) and anastomotic leak (p = 0.031). At receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis an IL 6 cut-off level of 36.4 pg/ml on POD 3 yielded a sensitivity of 87 % and a specificity of 79 % for the prediction of major complication and cut-off level of 44.3 pg/ml on POD 3 yielded a sensitivity of 80 % and a specificity of 82 % for the prediction of anastomotic leak.
CONCLUSION:

A high postoperative IL 6 level helps in the prediction of major complications and cervical esophagogastric anastomotic leak.
Association Between the Non-HDL-Cholesterol-to-HDL-Cholesterol Ratio and 28-Day Mortality in Septic Patients: A Cohort Study Based on the eICU Collaborative Research Database
Authors: Chang Le , Chen Xinglin , Lian Cheng
Published: August 2021

Background: Dyslipidemia contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, the potential association between non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (nonHDLc/HDLc) ratio and mortality in septic patients is unclear.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with sepsis in the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) from 208 distinct ICUs across the United States between 2014 and 2015. All-cause mortality within 28-days after ICU admission. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk of death.Result: Of the 724 patients with a median age of 68 years, 43 (5.94%) died within 28 days after ICU admission. The association between the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio and the risk of all cause mortality was J shaped, and a high level was associated with increased risk of all cause mortality. The mortality rate increased when the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio higher than the turning point (≥3.41) with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.34 (95% CI: 1.07–1.67, P=0.010) for every 1 increment of nonHDLc/HDLc ratio. With the per-SD increase in the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio, the OR of mortality was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.15–2.80, P=0.010) when the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio was ≥3.41. The trend of sensitivity analysis was consistent with the main analysis.Conclusion: For patients with sepsis, the association between the nonHDLc/HDLc ratio and the 28-day mortality risk was J shaped. A higher level of nonHDLc/HDLc ratio was associated with an increased risk of 28-day mortality. These findings need to be confirmed in other studies.
TRIM3 Facilitates Estrogen Signaling and Modulates Breast Cancer Cell Progression
Authors: Wang Beibei , Tan Xiaojing , Wu Le , Su Peng , Li Xin , Yang Huijie , Cai Yuqing , Yang Xiao , Li Zhongbo , Yan Cheng , Xia Yan , zhang Chenmiao , Niu Zhiguo , Cao Qi , Ding Yinlu , Zhou Zhipeng , Huang Qingsong , Zhuang Ting
Published: August 2021

Background: Breast cancer ranks NO.1 in women cancer incidence worldwide, while 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) alpha positive. Compared with ER alpha negative breast cancer, which is more aggressive and shorter prognosis, ER alpha positive breast cancer could be well-controlled by endocrine therapy. Most of ER alpha positive breast cancer patients could benefit from selective ER alpha modulators, such as tamoxifen. However, approximately half of them will eventually develop endocrine resistance, making it an important clinical issue in breast cancer therapy. Thus, decoding the turnover of estrogen signaling, including the control of ER alpha expression and stability, are critical to the improvement of breast cancer therapeutics. Methods: TRIM3 and ER alpha protein expression levels were measured by western blot, while the ER alpha target genes were measured by real-time PCR. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability. RNA sequencing was analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Identification of ER alpha signaling was accomplished with luciferase assays, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Protein stability assay and ubiquitin assay was used to detect ER alpha protein degradation. The ubiquitin-based Immuno-precipitation based assays were used to detect the specific ubiquitination manner happened on ER alpha. Results: In our current study, we identified TRIM3 as an E3 ligase, which promotes ER alpha signaling and breast cancer progression. TRIM3 depletion inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, while the unbiased RNA sequencing data indicates that TRIM3 is required for the activation of estrogen signaling in whole genomic scale. Molecular studies show that TRIM3 associates with ER alpha and promotes ER alpha mono-ubiquitination. Conclusion: our study provides a novel post-translational mechanism in estrogen signaling. Modulation of TRIM3 expression or its function could be an interesting approach for breast cancer treatment.
Integrated Transcriptome-wide Profiling and Protein Structure Analysis of Pathogenic Genes in Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Ding Jing , Zhang Yan , Che Yan
Published: August 2021

BackgroundGenetic factors are considered to determine the balance of the coagulation and anticoagulation processes, yet the genetic variants related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms and pathogenic mutations associated with VTE by determining VTE-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome-wide profiling and assaying protein structure in VTE.MethodsTwo gene expression datasets, GSE48000 and GSE19151, were accessed from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain gene expression data associated with VTE. We identified the DEGs between VTE patients and healthy people using R and performed functional enrichment analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Then, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for 25 VTE patients and 17 normal cases, and the structural locations of pathogenic missense mutations were identified using pyMOL. Finally, DGIdb database was used to select candidate drugs for the treatment of VTE.ResultsA total of 232 DEGs were identified from the GEO database. The significant function of these DEGs was mostly involved in RNA catabolic process and ribosome pathway. Notably, the results of WES for DEGs and protein structure analysis showed that Histamine N-Methyltransferase (HNMT) (chr2: 138759649 C>T, rs11558538) may be a main predisposing factor for VTE. In addition, Amodiaquine, Harmaline, Aspirin, Metoprine, Dabigatran, and Diphenhydramine were screened for VTE therapy.Conclusion﻿The results showed that HNMT (chr2: 138759649 C>T, rs11558538) may be potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of VTE.
Does Foreign Direct Investment More Important Than Domestic Direct Investment for Export Structure? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Irhamna Ariyo DP , Nurhayati Ely , Safira Adinda Putri , Wijaya Galuh Indra
Published: August 2021

Scholars have long studied the spillover of FDI on trade. However, there has been limited study which spesifically investigate the impact of FDI on the export structure in a developing country. Does FDI more important than domestic investment for export structure? To examine the question, we test the impact of FDI and DDI on the export structure in time series framework, utilizing data on FDI inflows to Indonesia and export data based on product stage over 1992–2017. The export structure is analyzed based on three categories, namely primary product, intermediate product, and final product. Our results show that domestic investment has a negative impact on the primary export product, while foreign investment has a positive impact on the final export product. The result highlights the importance of domestic and foreign investment in export upgrading.
PhiΦBreast & Theory of Spiral Cancer - New Diagnostic Techniques Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Trapanese Ersilio , Tarro Giulio
Published: July 2021

Background Breast cancer today is one of the most aggressive in women and new cases continue to increase worldwide. The incidence of this tumor is kept under control especially by surgery and to reduce mortality we need detect life threatening disease at an earlier stage. We conducted two years a study for the identification and characterization of suspicious breast lesions using a new diagnostic technique applied to ultrasonography and mammography called “PhiΦBreast.” Methods Identification and characterization of category C4-C5 lesions of the breast with high Predictive Positive PPV value, by means of a new innovative method called “PhiΦBreast” using the Golden Ratio (Phi, or Φ 1.618...) Fibonacci sequence and a Predictive Algorithm, applied to the ultrasonography and mammography with subsequent deepening with cytological examination using fine needle aspiration (FNAC), according to evaluation criteria of the Breast Imaging Report Data System (BI-RADS) and the American College of Radiology (ACR). Usefulness of this research is to detect the breast cancer early on with this new diagnostic technique, in addition to develop a classification model of the histological type identified in the section areas and the percentage of probability in relation between the golden spiral and Fibonacci sequence. This amazing intuition gave rise Theory of Spiral Cancer. Results Using Golden Ratio and Fibonacci sequence, applied to ultrasonography and mammography, we have experimented and developed a diagnostic map with characteristics of high probability of identifying suspicious lesions at an early stage. We examined 987 women, 55 lesions detected with PhiΦBreast pattern were classified according to BI-RADS descriptors for US-imaging, including morphologic features that had a high predictive value for the malignancy (p <0.001). This innovative diagnostic tecnique has shown a sensitivity 95%, a specificity 97%, a positive predictive value 97%, a negative predictive value 96%. The discriminating capacity of PhiΦBreast was significantly better than normal ultrasonography (P < 0,05). Furthermore with a predictive algorithm associated with malignant cytology after FNAC, we have classified different types of cancer potentially life threatening for patients. Conclusion PhiΦBreast could be an important new model diagnostic technique to be applied ultrasound and mammography for detection malignant lesions of category C4-C5.
Coal pit lakes in abandoned mining areas in León (NW Spain): characteristics and geoecological significance
Authors: Redondo-Vega José María , Melón-Nava Adrián , Peña-Pérez Sergio Alberto , Santos-González Javier , Gómez-Villar Amelia , González-Gutiérrez Rosa Blanca
Published: July 2021

Mining activity introduces severe changes in landscapes and, subsequently, in land uses. One of the most singular changes is the existence of pit lakes, which occur in active and, more frequently, abandoned mines. Pit lakes are produced by water table interception when open-pit mines deepen. Their characteristics are highly variable, depending on the type of mine, the environment or the climate. In León province there is a long tradition of coal mining that dates back to the 19th century, and hundreds of open pits from the 1970s to 2018 have been opened, producing permanent landscape changes. This work analyses the main parameters, including morphological measurements, depth and pH values obtained from aerial photos and field work, of 76 coal pit lakes more than 30 m in length. The vast majority of these pit lakes were unknown until now and were not included in inventories or maps. The data obtained provide baseline knowledge that will allow, in the future, potential uses (storage of water for various uses, recreational use, wildlife habitat, and geological heritage sites) for these pit lakes and establish their importance as a new geoecological environment.
First-Line Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Zhu Youwen , Hu Huabin , Ding Dong , Li Shuosha , Liao Mengting , Shi Yin , Huang Jin
Published: August 2021

Background：The phase III clinical trial Keynote-604 indicated that pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy could generate clinical benefits in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC). We aim to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC from the United States (US) payers’ perspective.Methods: A synthetical Markov model was used to evaluate cost and effectiveness of pembrolizumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) versus EP in first-line therapy for ES-SCLC from the data of Keynote-604. Lifetime costs life-years (LYs), quality adjusted LYs (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. In addition, We also considered subgroup cost-effectiveness.Results: Pembrolizumab plus EP resulted in additional 0.18 QALYs (0.32 LYs) and corresponding incremental costs $113,625, resulting an ICER of $647,509 per QALY versus EP. The most influential factor in this model was the cost of pembrolizumab. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed there was 0% probability that pembrolizumab combination chemotherapy was cost-effective at willingness-to-pay (WTP) values of $150,000 per QALY in the US. The results of subgroup probabilistic sensitivity analyses suggested that all subgroups were not cost-effective.Conclusion: From the perspective of the US payer, pembrolizumab plus EP is not a cost-effective option as first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC at a WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY.