bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Factors Influencing the Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Hai-Tao , Wang Shuang-Shuang , Zhang Chun-Fang , Zhang Hong-Jie , Wei Min-Xiang , Wu Yu , Su Chen-Xiao
Published: December 2022

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in breast cancer patients and develop a structural equation model of influencing factors to help formulate clinical intervention strategies. Methods. A convenience sample of 325 patients was surveyed using a general and disease-related data questionnaire, which combined the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Results. The total score of FCR in breast cancer patients was 35.06 ± 10.83, and 53.8% of patients reached the clinical level. The structural equation model demonstrated that illness uncertainty had a direct positive impact on FCR (β = 0.275,

p
<
0.05

), and it could have an indirect impact through social support and resignation coping methods (β = 0.254,

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients needs further understanding. Medical staff can reduce or buffer FCR in breast cancer patients by strengthening positive influences, such as social support, or weakening negative influences, such as illness uncertainty and resignation coping.
The Application Effect of Remote Sensing Technology in Hydrogeological Investigation under Big Data Environment
Authors: Wang Honglei , Yang Ronghang , Zhao Li , Tian Feng , Yu Shizhong
Published: December 2022

The hydrogeological investigation is a work carried out by comprehensive utilization of various exploration methods to identify hydrogeological conditions in the target area, and develop and utilize groundwater resources. There are great differences in hydrogeological conditions in different regions. Hence, it is necessary to take exploration technology according to local conditions to master hydrogeological information as much as possible. Among them, the remote sensing (RS) technology can reflect the ground surveying and mapping results with high efficiency and precision through the analysis of satellite or aerial photographs, which is a commonly used method in the current hydrogeological investigation. According to satellite RS data, this work evaluates the distribution of groundwater levels in the study area and explores the geological and hydrogeological conditions of the groundwater system in the affected area. Firstly, the human-computer interactive interpretation method is used to analyze the topography and geomorphology conditions. Secondly, the spectral characteristic curve analysis method is used to extract the spectral characteristics of regional stratum lithology, and analyze and determine the lithology composition and structure of the aquifer. Thirdly, the single-band and multiband models of soil moisture RS estimation of groundwater level are implemented. Finally, the measured data are employed to verify and analyze the estimated value of the model. The results are in line with the actual value, and good results have been achieved.
A Scheme to Improve Network Performance Based on Traffic Restriction and Pricing in the Presence of Carpooling
Authors: Chong Pengyun , Lv Min , Zhu Hao , Ding Dong
Published: December 2022

For the purpose of optimizing the traffic network in the presence of carpooling, a traffic demand management scheme was proposed with the consideration of traffic restriction, carpooling, and road pricing. We establish a variational inequality describing the travelers’ mode and route choice following the logit mode split and multimodal user equilibrium principle in the condition of elastic demand. A bilevel programming was designed with the variational inequality as the lower level and optimization objective function taking into account traffic congestion and social welfare as the upper level. The results show that this scheme is possible to be effective in improving network performance. The higher average occupancy of carpooling vehicles and the carpooling demand may not bring better network performance due to the topology, parameters of the network, and travel demand. The fare of carpooling travelers is possible to impact the network very slightly with this scheme. Besides, the group of travelers who is able to afford more than one vehicle is hardly affected by this scheme.
Prospective Cohort of Pre- and Post-Diagnosis Diet with Survival Outcomes: an Alberta Endometrial Cancer Cohort Study
Authors: Kokts-Porietis Renée L. , Morielli Andria R. , McNeil Jessica , Courneya Kerry S. , Cook Linda S. , Friedenreich Christine M.
Published: December 2022

Background:

The prognostic relationship between diet and endometrial cancer survival remains largely unknown. We sought to determine pre- and post-diagnosis dietary composition, glycemic load (GL), inflammatory potential (dietary inflammatory index) and quality [Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) 2005] associations with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among endometrial cancer survivors. In addition, we assessed associations between dietary changes with OS and explored obesity/physical activity effect modification.

Methods:

Survivors, diagnosed in Alberta, Canada between 2002 and 2006, completed past-year, food-frequency questionnaires at-diagnosis (n = 503) and 3-year follow-up (n = 395). Participants were followed to death or January 2022. Cox proportional regression estimated HR [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for dietary survival associations.

Results:

During 16.9 median years of follow-up, 138 participants had a DFS event and 120 died. Lower pre-diagnosis GL (HRT1vsT3, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25–0.97) and greater post-diagnosis energy intakes (EI) from total- and monounsaturated-fat (HRT3vsT1, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26–0.87) were associated with better OS. Higher pre-diagnosis C-HEI, less inflammatory diets and lower added sugar intakes were nonlinearly associated with better DFS. Consistently low pre- to post-diagnosis EI from carbohydrates and total-fats were associated with better (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.72) and worse (HR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.21–4.20) OS, respectively. Decreased pre- to post-diagnosis C-HEI was associated with worse OS. In stratified analysis, healthy diets were most beneficial for survivors with obesity and physical inactivity.

Conclusions:

Adherence to higher quality dietary patterns were associated with better survival.

Impact:

Our study provides novel evidence that both pre- and post-diagnosis diet are important prognostic factors for endometrial cancer survivors. Post-diagnosis survival associations with diet composition and quality highlight the potential for future interventions.
Phase I Trial of a Therapeutic DNA Vaccine for Preventing Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection
Authors: Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Zahrieh David , Strand Carrie A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Pungpapong Surakit , Roberts Lewis R. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Rodriguez Luz Maria , Boyer Jean , Marrero Idania , Kraynyak Kimberly A. , Morrow Matthew P. , Sylvester Albert J. , Pawlicki Jan M. , Gillespie Elisabeth , Barranco Eduardo , Richmond Ellen , Umar Asad , Weiner David B. , Limburg Paul J. ,   for the Cancer Prevention Network
Published: December 2022

Chronic hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We studied the safety and immunogenicity of a novel therapeutic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1a/1b consensus DNA vaccine, INO-8000, encoding HCV NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5A proteins alone or co-administered with DNA-encoding IL12 (INO-9012), a human cytokine that stimulates cellular immune function, in individuals with chronic hepatitis C. This was a phase I, multisite dose-escalation trial with an expansion cohort evaluating doses of 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg of INO-9012 (IL12 DNA) as an addition to 6.0 mg of (INO-8000; HCV DNA vaccine). Vaccines were administered by intramuscular injection followed by electroporation at study entry and at weeks 4, 12, and 24. HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses were measured by IFNγ ELISpot and flow cytometry–based assays. Transient, mild-to-moderate injection site reactions unrelated to IL12 DNA dose were common. Increases in HCV-specific IFNγ production occurred in 15/20 (75%) participants. Increases in the frequency of HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells occurred at all dose levels, with the greatest increases seen at 1.0 mg of INO-9012. HCV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell activities increased in 16/18 (89%) and 14/17 (82%) participants with available data, respectively. The vaccine regimen was safe and induced HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cellular immune responses of modest magnitude in most HCV-infected participants. The addition of 1.0 mg of IL12 DNA provided the best enhancement of immune responses. The vaccine regimen had little effect on controlling HCV viremia.

Prevention Relevance:

The administration of IL12 DNA along with a hepatitis C viral antigen DNA vaccine enhanced the HCV-specific immune responses induced by the vaccine in individuals with chronic hepatitis C, an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. IL12 could be an effective adjuvant in vaccines targeting HCV and other oncogenic viruses.
Association between 19 Allergens and Chronic Constipation in Adults: NHANES 2005–2006
Authors: Xi Yang , Jiao Wo-Er , Li Fen , Li Han-Da , Lu Gan , Deng Yu-Qin , Tao Ze-Zhang
Published: December 2022

Introduction: There are increasing reports of a link between chronic constipation and allergies in children. However, similar epidemiological evidence is limited in the general adult population. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to assess the association between chronic constipation and allergy in adults aged ≥20 years in the USA. Methods: We established a logistic regression model to test the relationship between chronic constipation and 19 specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) types in adults aged ≥20 years using large-sample data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (2005–2006). The weekly defecation times of the allergic and non-allergic groups were compared using the t test. Results: We found that sIgE-sensitized participants had a 0.723 lower risk of chronic constipation than the general population (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.566–0.923). There was a negative association between chronic constipation and sensitizations to peanut (odds ratio (OR) = 0.579, 95% CI = 0.381–0.935), egg (OR = 0.335, 95% CI = 0.134–0.838), dog (OR = 0.723, 95% CI = 0.522–0.965), and cockroach (OR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.373–0.784). In addition, the frequency of defecation per week increased significantly in people allergic to peanuts and cockroaches (p < 0.05). Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate an inverse relationship between sIgE sensitization and chronic constipation in adults. However, the specific association mechanism needs to be further studied.
Chronological Changes in Mucosal Deformity by Endoscopic Suturing after Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Higuchi Kazutoshi , Goto Osamu , Takahashi Akiko , Akimoto Teppei , Habu Tsugumi , Ishikawa Yumiko , Kirita Kumiko , Koizumi Eriko , Noda Hiroto , Onda Takeshi , Omori Jun , Akimoto Naohiko , Kaise Mitsuru , Yahagi Naohisa , Oyama Tsuneo , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Endoscopic suturing of a mucosal defect is expected to prevent postoperative bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Endoscopic suturing causes mucosal deformity, which may interfere with endoscopic surveillance thereafter. We retrospectively investigated long-term chronological changes in mucosal suturing by endoscopic suturing. Methods: Forty-three patients who underwent endoscopic hand suturing (EHS) after gastric ESD at three institutions were enrolled. First, our hypothesis that the suturing sites healed via inflammation, disappearance of mucosal inversion, and flattening was validated. Subsequently, the duration required to reach each healing step was evaluated. Results: A total of 137 follow-up endoscopies were assessed, in which all cases showed the hypothesized chronological course on the suturing sites. The 95th percentiles of the duration when showing the disappearance of the inflammatory change and the inverted change were 63 days and 15.5 months after the procedure, respectively. Discussion/Conclusion: The data show that the mucosal deformity induced by EHS disappeared within 16 months. Endoscopic suturing is thus considered to have a negligible effect on endoscopic surveillance following the procedure.
Inflammation of Actinic Keratoses Induced by Combination of Carboplatin and Paclitaxel: Two Case Reports
Authors: Baglama Špela Šuler , Trajber Horvat Anja , Peteln Irena , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst
Published: December 2022

The observations of a beneficial effect of 5-fluorouracil-induced actinic keratoses (AK) inflammation led to the development of topical fluorouracil, a product registered for the management of AK. A conscientious surveillance of AK inflammation during chemotherapy may conceivably lead to the development of further drugs for treatment of AK. A number of other chemotherapeutics have thus been linked to similar reactions without ensuing development. Here, we describe two further cases linking chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel to possible anti-AK effects, identifying them as potential treatments. Whether multidrug chemotherapy leads to stronger AK inflammation or cure AK more successfully is currently unknown.
Implementation of an Electronic Health Records–Based Safe Contrast Limit for Preventing Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yuan Neal , Zhang Justin , Khaki Rakan , Leong Derek , Bhoopalam Chandrashekhar , Tabak Steven W. , Elad Yaron , Pevnick Joshua M. , Cheng Susan , Ebinger Joseph E.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased mortality. We assessed the effectiveness of an electronic health records safe contrast limit tool in predicting CA-AKI risk and reducing contrast use and CA-AKI.

Methods:

We created an alert displaying the safe contrast limit to cardiac catheterization laboratory staff prior to percutaneous coronary intervention. The alert used risk factors automatically extracted from the electronic health records. We included procedures from June 1, 2020 to October 1, 2021; the intervention went live February 10, 2021. Using difference-in-differences analysis, we evaluated changes in contrast volume and CA-AKI rates after contrast limit tool implementation compared to control hospitals. Cardiologists were surveyed prior to and 9 months after alert implementation on beliefs, practice patterns, and safe contrast estimates for example patients.

Results:

At the one intervention site, there were 508 percutaneous coronary interventions before and 531 after tool deployment. At 15 control sites, there were 3550 and 3979 percutaneous coronary interventions, respectively. The contrast limit predicted CA-AKI with an accuracy of 64.1%, negative predictive value of 93.3%, and positive predictive value of 18.7%. After implementation, in high/modifiable risk patients (defined as having a calculated contrast limit <500ml) there was a small but significant −4.60 mL/month (95% CI, −8.24 to −1.00) change in average contrast use but no change in CA-AKI rates (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.84–1.10]). Low-risk patients had no change in contrast use (−0.50 mL/month [95% CI, –7.49 to 6.49]) or CA-AKI (odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.79–1.93]). In assessing CA-AKI risk, clinicians heavily weighted age and diabetes but often did not consider anemia, cardiogenic shock, and heart failure.

Conclusions:

Clinicians often used a simplified assessment of CA-AKI risk that did not include important risk factors, leading to risk estimations inconsistent with established models. Despite clinician skepticism, an electronic health records–based contrast limit tool more accurately predicted CA-AKI risk and was associated with a small decrease in contrast use during percutaneous coronary intervention but no change in CA-AKI rates.
Can electrical wires serve as canopy bridges? A case study of the dusky langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) in Thailand
Authors: Aggimarangsee Nantiya , Tiansawat Pimonrat , Brockelman Warren Y.
Published: December 2022

In many parts of the world, primates and other arboreal and semi-arboreal species use electrical and telecommunication cables to cross open gaps. However, electrocutions can occur when the cables are uninsulated or damaged. Between 2001 and 2002, during a 12-month behavioural study of two dusky langur groups (Trachypithecus obscurus) at the Royal Thai Air Force Base in Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, peninsular Thailand, we recorded langur use of and mortality on electrical and telecommunications cables on an ad libitum basis. Before insulation of the cables in late 2001, five langurs died by electrocution; post insulation, that number decreased to only one case on March 5, 2002. In 2022, we returned to observe the langur groups and saw them continuing to use the cables for crossing and noted damage to the insulation, indicating the importance of maintenance. Electrical cables can provide canopy connectivity for langurs and prevent dangerous encounters with dogs on the ground, but cables must be insulated and inspected regularly. As additional mitigation measures, we suggest providing alternative substrates for travel such as planting more native trees and providing artificial canopy bridges.
Anti-Tumor Effect and Drug Delivery of Biomimetic Exosomes Nanoplatform Loading with Paclitaxel (PTX) for Treating Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Xi , Dai Weibo , Xu Wenhua , Chen Yao
Published: December 2022

This study constructed an exosome (Exo) nanomedicine with the ability to actively penetrate into lung tumor tissue, in order to improve the anti-tumor effect of paclitaxel (PTX). For reaching this goal A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were employed. The exosomes were collected by gradient
centrifugation, and the Exo/PTX was prepared after targeted modification. Then the in vitro properties and in vivo tumor inhibitory effects of Exo/PTX were then characterized and evaluated. to conduct in vitro and in vivo study. The prepared Exo/PTX had a particle
size of about 100 nm, and had a saucer-like double-layer membrane structure, which had a high encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. in vitro studies have shown that Exo/PTX can be largely taken up by lung cancer cells, thereby enhancing the drug’s effects on promoting apoptosis.
The results of in vivo experiments showed that Exo/PTX can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor tissue. The results of this study showed that using exosome for drug delivery of PTX can increase the efficacy and decrease the drug toxicity and side effects.
Experimental Investigations and Analytical Models of Water-Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanofluids for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Cooling Application
Authors: Tetuko Anggito P. , Nurdiyansah Lukman F. , Asri Nining S. , Setiadi Eko. A. , Sebayang Achmad Maulana S. , Ginting Masno , Sebayang Perdamean
Published: December 2022

Water magnetite nanofluids for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell cooling application have been investigated. Nanofluid of water-magnetite (Fe3O4) has been synthesized using a two-step method. The particle size and its distribution, the stability and
thermal conductivity of the nanofluid were characterized. The nanofluid is stable after 90 days (zeta potential value of 32.11 mV), and the measured thermal conductivity of the nanofluid at ambient temperature is 0.60 W/m.°C. The particles and nanofluid characterizations were used as the
parameters in the analytical model to investigate the effect of particle diameter and volume fraction to the thermal conductivity of nanofluid and heat transfer in the PEM fuel cell. The analytical model suggested that the PEM fuel cell could produces an output power of 100 W and the heat
that needs to be removed (cooling load) of 180 W, where 1×10−3 kg/s of nanofluid is required. The analytical model that used a particle diameter of 120 nm produces similar nanofluid’s thermal conductivity of 0.6 W/m.°C as the measurement. Less diameter particle
improves the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity value. Higher volume fraction of 0.25 could enhances the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity value to 0.61 W/m.°C.
Convective Conditions on 3D Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Heat Absorption: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Tarakaramu Nainaru , Satya Narayana P. V. , Sivakumar Narsu , Harish Babu D. , Bhagya Lakshmi K.
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation and heat absorption is established numerical analysis. We are taken that, the nonlinear thermal radiation and heat absorption on porous stretching sheet. Moreover, we have to consider the Magnetohydrodynamic
and convective conditions within the fluid motion on stretching surface. The similarity variables are implemented to translate the nonlinear PDE into a set of coupled system of ODE which are solved numerically via RKF (“Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg”) 4th order based on shooting procedure.
We obtained the dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles and as well as skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood numbers are discussed through graphs. In this study, we found interesting results, that is the non-Newtonian fluids is most significant
on velocity, temperature, and heat transfer rate is high significant in non-newtonian case when compared with nanofluid case with various statistical values of Pr (“Prandtl number”), θw (“Temperature ratio parameter”) and Nt
(“Thermophoresis parameter”), respectively.
Impact of Inclined Magnetic Force on Bio-Fluid in Permeable Bifurcated Arteries: Analytical Approach
Authors: Ahmed Karishma Karam , Ahmed Sahin , Chamkha A. J.
Published: December 2022

The present article aims at presenting analytical solutions of the effects of chemical reaction and inclined magnetic force on blood flow through bifurcated arteries placed in a porous medium in association with heat source. The equations of the blood flow model are solved analytically
by means of infinite series solution of convergent scheme with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The important characteristics of the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of bio-fluid through bifurcated arteries are distinctly highlighted by virtue of the dual solutions that are obtained
for Axial velocity, Normal velocity, fluid Temperature, molar species, Skin-friction, Nusselt Number and Sherwood Number. The behaviour of the biofluid variables with individual parameters like Prandtl Number (Pr), Magnetic drag force (Md), Porosity (Kp),
Heat source (Hs), Schmidt Number (Sc), Thermal Radiation (R), Chemical reaction rate (Cr), decay (ξ) are discussed in detail through graphs using MATLAB Software. Validation of this work is presented and found suitable. It is disclosed
that the flow of bio-fluid is noticeably influenced by the adequate strength of externally applied inclined magnetic force and porosity. This study is essentially important in simple flow, peristaltic flow, pulsatile flow and drug delivery.
Comparisons between Short- and Long-Lived Break Events during the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon
Authors: Xu Ke , Lu Riyu
Published: December 2022

The break events of the western North Pacific summer monsoon vary significantly in duration, ranging from a few days to more than 2 weeks. In this study, we classify the monsoon break events into short-lived (≤8 days) and long-lived (>8 days) events, which account for 78% and 22% of the total events during 1979–2020, respectively. The results show that convection suppression is stronger and broader for long-lived events than for short-lived events. In addition, the temporal distributions of the two break categories are distinct: short-lived events present a roughly even distribution from late July to late September, while long-lived events are highly concentrated, with a striking frequency peak around early September. The mechanisms responsible for break events are investigated. Results indicate that both break categories are co-contributed by 10–25- and 30–60-day oscillations. Short-lived events result from a phase lock of the two oscillations, which explain 54% and 35% of the convection suppression, respectively. By contrast, long-lived events are initiated by both oscillations but maintained only by 30–60-day oscillations. In addition, 30–60-day oscillations reach the peak intensity after the monsoon onset due to seasonal background changes, which is critical for forming the frequency peak of long-lived events around early September. Furthermore, it is found that long-lived events tend to occur in the developing phase of positive SST anomalies in the tropical central Pacific, when 30–60-day oscillations are abnormally enhanced over the western North Pacific.

Significance Statement

The monsoon break usually refers to significant rainfall reduction during the monsoon season, which can induce abnormal weather, such as heatwaves and droughts, resulting in huge economic losses. To date, however, there are only a few studies on the break of the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM), in sharp contrast to the well-known Indian monsoon break. We note that break events of the WNPSM vary widely in duration. This study aims to reveal the remarkable difference between short- and long-lived events, including intensity, spatial extent, occurrence time, and physical mechanisms. These results will help us better understand the diversity of the break phenomenon and may serve as a scientific basis for improving the subseasonal prediction of the WNPSM.
Low-Frequency Variability in the Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index: Real or Artificial?
Authors: Ren Hong-Li , Wei Yuntao , Zhao Shuo
Published: December 2022

The real-time multivariate Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) (RMM) index has now been widely applied as a standard in operational subseasonal prediction and monitoring. Its calculation procedures involve the extraction of major intraseasonal variability (ISV) by subtracting the prior 120-day mean. However, this study uncovers that such a real-time strategy artificially creates unwanted low-frequency variability (LFVartificial) that might cause nonnegligible influences on the RMM amplitude and phase. Compared to the real LFV, the LFVartificial explains more (∼70% in boreal summer) of the residual LFV (LFVresidual) in the RMM index. It occupies 33% of all days that the LFVresidual explains more than one-half of total RMM amplitude, 19% that the LFV contribution exceeds ISV, and 10% that the LFVartificial-associated RMM amplitude surpasses 0.8. The RMM-defined “MJO” is obscured by the LFVresidual in such a way that the eastward-propagating mode is stronger and bigger with a slower phase speed, as compared with the “true” MJO derived from the 20–100-day filtered data. The interference effects of LFVresidual on the MJO might be particularly strong when the background state is changing rapidly with time. However, these issues can be well avoided when one chooses to remove the centered 120-day mean, as evidenced by the largely reduced three percentages (17%, 8%, and 1%) mentioned above in the so-derived index. These results give us a reminder that more attention should be paid to monitoring or predicting an MJO using the RMM index in a rapidly changing low-frequency background or in the boreal summer.

Significance Statement

The real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index has been widely applied in the monitoring and prediction of the MJO, the major tropical intraseasonal variability influencing global weather and climate. Using observational analysis, we reveal that there exist such scenarios (∼16%) when large-amplitude RMM indices do not represent a strong MJO, mainly due to the obscuring effect of residual, while largely artificial, low-frequency variability introduced by the RMM calculation procedures. This finding is of great significance as it informs the research community that serious caution should be given when relating large RMM amplitude to the MJO, especially in a condition when the low-frequency background state is rapidly changing with time or in the boreal summer.
“You Look Perfectly Healthy to Me”: Living With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Through Adolescents’ and Parents’ Eyes
Authors: Frye William S. , King Callie K. , Schaefer Megan R. , Decker Jamie , Kuhn Bethany
Published: December 2022

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic dysfunction that impairs quality of life (QoL). Increased familiarity with the lived experiences of youth with POTS better informs our understanding of this condition and its impact on QoL, provides context and depth to existing research, and improves patient-centered care. Thus, this qualitative study seeks to develop a more robust understanding of QoL in this understudied population. Youth with POTS (N = 6) and their parents (N = 8) participated in semi-structured interviews. Following saturation, data were analyzed via conventional content analysis, including code/theme identification and member-checking. Four themes were identified (1) negative changes in functioning, (2) invalidation and difficulties living with an invisible condition, (3) trust and advocacy, and (4) need for increased resources and understanding. Findings suggest POTS negatively impacts adolescents’ QoL across domains. Based on participants’ responses, developing POTS-specific resources and integrating mental health services into interdisciplinary POTS treatment may improve youth’s QoL.
Costs of Hospital Care for Strokes in India: A Scoping Review
Authors: Benedetto Valerio , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Spencer Joseph , Clegg Andrew , Lightbody Catherine Elizabeth , Maulik Pallab K. , Srivastava Madakasira Vasantha Padma , Pandian Jeyaraj , Sylaja P. N. , Watkins Caroline L.
Published: December 2022

The incidence of stroke in India is one of the largest worldwide. With this scoping review, we assessed the evidence on the costs of stroke, which is essential to evaluate whether stroke care interventions are cost-effective. We adopted a healthcare sector and broader societal perspective and searched electronic databases for records including stroke cost estimates (up to 2020). Following deduplication and screening of 2,510 records, we extracted the data (converted into 2020 Indian rupees [INR]) and assessed the quality of eight eligible studies. These studies, published between 2011 and 2020, covered the whole of India and specific localities and were: cost-of-illness studies (n = 3); economic evaluations (n = 2); cross-sectional costing study (n = 1); simulated costing study (n = 1); and policy/clinical review (n = 1). Among the extracted estimates, the mean total costs of stroke care per patient for the period up to six months post admission ranged from ₹19,428.86 in a government hospital in Punjab to ₹118,040.15 in a private tertiary care centre in Ludhiana. The median total out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for cardiovascular disease-related expenditures ranged from ₹18,148.88 to ₹68,464.39 across different income groups. Despite methodological limitations, the data from our scoping review will help in designing economic evaluations of stroke care interventions in India.

JEL Codes: C18, C80, D61, I15, I19
The Seduction of a Drug Mule: Drug Trafficking Among Female Offenders
Authors: Sumter Melvina T. , Wood Frank , Whitaker Ingrid
Published: December 2022

This research examined how women are recruited into drug trafficking. Previous findings indicate that women are recruited into drug trafficking due to economic hardship. Data for this research study is taken from in-depth interviews with 13 female offenders incarcerated at the Trinidad and Tobago Prison Service. The findings in this study suggest women become involved in drug smuggling for reasons that are far more complex than simple financial need. Specifically, the majority of women fell prey, under the guise of friendship, to an unscrupulous individual, interested in furthering his or her cause. Under systems of patriarchy and capitalism, the findings from this study suggests that women became involved in drug trafficking because of how they are socialized.
National identity, willingness to fight, and collective action
Authors: Wang Austin Horng-En , Eldemerdash Nadia
Published: December 2022

Why do people risk their lives fighting in wars? This article looks beyond group grievance and material benefits to add another psychological mechanism explaining why people choose to fight or not to fight – perceived collective action. An individual is much more likely to fight when they perceive that others will also fight. Contrary to the expectations of social identity theory and social pressure theory, the effect of perceived collective action is stronger among those who have a weaker national identity because they are more likely to rationally calculate the chance of winning by accounting for others’ decisions. To mitigate the endogeneity in post-conflict cross-sectional surveys, we conduct a survey experiment (n = 1,001) in Taiwan manipulating perceptions of others’ willingness to fight in a potential China–Taiwan military conflict. Experimental evidence supports the hypotheses that perceived collective action works only on weak Taiwanese identifiers. The result holds in robustness checks and in another nationally representative survey.
Does conflict experience affect participatory democracy after war? Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Shenk Jamie L
Published: December 2022

Broad political participation is widely accepted as a crucial element of transitions from armed conflict to peace. As such, reforms to increase access to participatory democracy are often written into peace accords. Yet despite this connection between peace and participation in policy, we know relatively little about how the two interact in practice. Who uses participatory institutions? Does civilians’ experience during armed conflict affect how they participate after war ends? This article examines an unlikely case of post-conflict participation in Colombia to answer these questions: the activation and organization of local referenda from below – that is, by conflict-affected communities themselves – to contest the national government’s mining and oil policy. Using an original dataset of 95 municipality-level attempts to organize these referenda ( consultas populares), I find that both conflict intensity and insurgent group presence have significant and positive effects on consulta activation. The impact of insurgent group presence, however, is mediated by the timing of armed groups’ consolidation of territorial control. I further explore this relationship through a qualitative case study. The results highlight the importance of considering the lingering impact that armed conflict may have on democratic participation beyond electoral politics. Even when communities explicitly avoid references to conflict or victim status in their discourse, experiences during armed conflict can still shape local dynamics of political participation during post-conflict transitions.
Effect of group status and conflict on national identity: Evidence from the Brexit referendum in Northern Ireland
Authors: Canavan Miceal , Turkoglu Oguzhan
Published: December 2022

National identity remains one of the most potent forces in global politics, yet surprisingly little is known about processes of national identity formation and change. This article argues that national identity preferences are susceptible to fluctuations in group status and distance but constrained by conflict experience and socialization. Integrating research on conflict socialization with social identity theory, we hypothesize that growing up during violent intergroup conflict socializes individuals into identities and attitudes which are durable to significant changes. Conversely, the identity preferences of those who grow up during relative peace are more malleable and likely to change due to significant events which affect perception of group identities. Exploiting the unique political context in Northern Ireland, where individuals can legally choose to identify as Irish, British, or both, we use a diff-in-diff approach to estimate national identity preferences of individuals before and after the EU referendum. The results show that 20% of Protestants who did not experience conflict shifted from British towards Irish identity after the referendum. However, for those who experienced violent intergroup conflict, there is a ‘durable distance’ between groups which constrains identity change irrespective of fluctuations in status. The results have important implications for our understanding of national identity, particularly in post-conflict societies.
A Narrative Synthesis of Qualitative Studies on Self-harming Behavior in the Correctional Setting
Authors: Clemente-Faustino Julie Ann R. , de Guzman Allan B.
Published: December 2022

Non-suicidal self-injurious or deliberate self-harming behavior is a significant mental health issue, particularly among vulnerable incarcerated people experiencing the psychological stresses of imprisonment. Drawing on a database search strategy focused on 15 years of qualitative research on self harming in the forensic setting, this narrative synthesis study integrates the findings of views on self harming by inmates and prison management staff and develops the Yin-Yang of Self-Harming Behavior in Prison model to illustrate the duality. The findings support the need for intensive prison staff training in the management of self-harmers and the development of inmate programs geared towards awareness and promotion of mental health.
Clothes retrieval based on ResNet and cluster triplet loss
Authors: Li Changshun , Peng Chen , Yao Li , Fu Qiming , Dai Yu , Yang Junyan
Published: December 2022

Clothes image retrieval is a task that retrieves exact or very similar clothes from a large clothes image gallery according to a given query image. The high deformability of clothes and similar designs make clothes retrieval very difficult. Convolutional neural networks perform well in the feature extraction field, but cannot extract sufficiently fine-grained features for clothes retrieval tasks. Therefore, a model based on ResNet was designed in this article, with several improvements made to it to ensure better feature discrimination. On the other hand, pair-based loss functions that are commonly used in image retrieval suffer from insufficient discrimination ability, difficulty in convergence, and time-consuming during training. Cluster triplet loss function is proposed in this article, which reduces the computational complexity in the training phase and enables the model to have a certain ability to resist noise labels. Experiments are completed on In-shop clothes retrieval benchmark and Consumer-to-shop clothes retrieval benchmark in Deepfashion, and stanford online products (SOP) to supplement. Our method can have Recall@1 improvements of 1.3–1.7% on all three datasets, surpassing the latest state-of-the-art methods.
Performance of elastomeric spur gear under dry and oil-lubricated conditions
Authors: Bharti Sarita , Senthilvelan Selvaraj
Published: December 2022

The fatigue and tribological performance of thermoplastic-based gears have been investigated extensively so far, but no such work has been done on elastomeric gears. In the current work, the feasibility of utilizing elastomeric material for gear applications was investigated. Initially, the sliding contact performance of an elastomeric material under dry and oil-lubricated conditions was examined. Subsequently, the elastomeric gears were subjected to bending and contact loads under dry and oil-lubricated conditions. The elastomeric gear exhibited only tooth root cracks owing to bending fatigue under both dry and oil-lubricated conditions. Unlike thermoplastic-based gears, elastomeric gears do not exhibit thermal deformation or wear failures. The presence of voids in the elastomeric material caused multiple microcracks under dry conditions. Oil-lubricated elastomeric gear controlled crack growth at the tooth root and changed the cracking mode from tensile to shear under the high load condition.
The algorithm knows I’m Black: from users to subjects
Authors: Meyerend Daniel
Published: December 2022

In October of 2018, several Black Netflix users took to Twitter to air their grievances about images in movie thumbnails featuring Black actors with minor roles, even when the movie itself was a majority white cast. In response to these critiques, Netflix claimed that because users are not asked about their racial identity, it is impossible to personalize the individual Netflix experience using identity markers. This article explores the interplay between algorithmic cultures and representations of race, examining the identity and voices of users and how their agency is affected within algorithmic systems. Users are seeking agentic traction in these algorithmic spaces, and this research begins to address how Black users are positioning themselves to make sense of the digital constraints placed on them. Black subscribers of Netflix heavily critiqued the algorithms used to advertise content to them, and I examine how Netflix constructs Black users as Black subjects in order to keep them engaged with the platform.
The connections of physical and psychosocial symptoms among patients with terminal illnesses: A network analysis
Authors: Jiao Keyuan , Chow Amy YM
Published: December 2022

Background:

Patients with terminal illnesses have different symptoms. The goal of palliative care is to alleviate the suffering induced by these symptoms. Available research on symptoms has focused on their prevalence or identification of clusters. Little is known about the central symptoms contributing to the maintenance of the whole system of symptoms or the mechanism of influence between symptoms, particularly between physical and psychosocial symptoms.

Aim:

The study used network analysis to explore symptom clusters among patients with terminal illnesses and identify the central symptoms, the bridge symptoms, and pathways between physical and psychosocial symptoms.

Design and Setting/Participants:

This is a retrospective cohort study using baseline symptom assessment of 677 adults with terminal illnesses receiving care from the Integrated Community End-of-Life Care Support Teams.

Results:

Three symptom clusters were identified: physical, psychological, and practical clusters. “Weakness or lack of energy” was identified as the crucial symptom affecting the changes of other symptoms, followed by depression and anxiety. Three connections between the psychological and physical symptoms were identified: anxiety-pain, depression-constipation, and perceived family anxiety-poor appetite pathways. Pathways of practical concern-peace and practical concern-depression were indicated between practical and psychological symptoms.

Conclusions:

This study is the first of its kind to investigate the connections and mechanism of influence between symptoms among patients with terminal illnesses. It offers clear pathways for intervention with the most influential symptoms of weakness, anxiety, and depression.
Common practical questions – and answers – at the British Association for Psychopharmacology child and adolescent psychopharmacology course
Authors: Cortese Samuele , Besag Frank MC , Clark Bruce , Hollis Chris , Kilgariff Joseph , Moreno Carmen , Nicholls Dasha , Wilkinson Paul , Woodbury-Smith Marc , Sharma Aditya
Published: December 2022

The British Association for Psychopharmacology course on child and adolescent psychopharmacology has been run for more than 20 years and is currently a very popular course, attracting around 140 delegates/year from across the United Kingdom and abroad. As Faculty of recent sessions of the course, we have selected the most common questions we have been asked in recent years and provided evidence-based and/or expert-informed answers. We have included 27 questions and answers related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and depressive disorders, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, epilepsy (in differential diagnosis or comorbid with mental health conditions), obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, psychotic spectrum disorders, and tics/Tourette syndrome in children and young people. We hope that this article will be helpful for prescribers in their daily clinical practice and we look forward to further, high-level evidence informing the answers to these and other questions in child and adolescent psychopharmacology.
Can Fashion Aesthetics be Studied Empirically? The Preference Structure of Everyday Clothing Choices
Authors: Hur Young-Jin , Etcoff Nancy L. , Silva Emmanuel S.
Published: December 2022

Despite fashion being one of the most common and accessible aesthetic activities in everyday life, very few empirical studies of clothing selection and preferences exist. To address this empirical gap, an online survey of 500 participants was constructed. A four-factor preference structure, Everyday Clothing Preference Factors (ECPF), emerged, consisting of essential, comfortable, feminine, and trendy styles. Further analysis revealed the preference for each of these four factors to be associated with clothing colors and individual differences. The transferability of ECPF across three preference judgment types (clothing one likes and owns, clothing one likes but does not own, and clothing one owns but does not like) revealed the robustness of the preference structure, through which a short version of ECPF was created. The paper concludes by discussing the implications and impact of scientifically studying fashion as an object of aesthetics and empirical study.
BONSAI-2 study: Nivolumab as therapeutic option after cabozantinib failure in metastatic collecting duct carcinoma patients
Authors: Buti Sebastiano , Trentini Francesca , Sepe Pierangela , Claps Melanie , Isella Luca , Verzoni Elena , Procopio Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

Background:

The BONSAI phase II trial recently demonstrated the activity of cabozantinib in metastatic collecting duct patients. The outcomes of patients in this setting treated with immunotherapy as second-line is unknown. The aim of the present report was to describe outcomes of patients enrolled in the BONSAI trial that received nivolumab as second-line treatment.

Material and methods:

We describe the oncological outcomes in terms of overall response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival and safety. We excluded patients that did not receive any second-line treatment or were treated with agents other than nivolumab.

Results:

We identified five patients of whom one was excluded due to lack of data. Three patients obtained clinical benefit (one partial response, two stable disease); the second-line progression-free survival (nivolumab) ranged from 2.8 to 19.9 months to and second-line overall survival ranged from 5.1 to 26.5 months. No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusions:

Nivolumab may be considered as second-line therapy option after cabozantinib failure in selected metastatic collecting duct carcinoma patients.
Getting Yourself Published: Steps and Strategies From Journal Editors
Authors: Bansak Cynthia , Zebedee Allan A.
Published: December 2022

In this short paper, we share our experiences serving as editors, associate editors, and on editorial boards over the past two decades. Our goal is to provide insights regarding successful publishing from the perspective of those reviewing manuscripts. Our suggestions and tips are by no means comprehensive or definitive and other editors may not agree with our advice. However, we hope these tips are useful guidance toward navigating the often challenging and disheartening journey of moving one’s research through the publication process.

JEL codes: A11, A14, A23