bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning in Accounting Research and Standard Setting
Authors: Zalaghi Hasan , Khazaei Mahdi
Published: February 2016

Accounting has been offered as an academic discipline in universities and higher education institutions for more than a century. For the first time in history, the American Institute of Accountants (AIA) puts forth efforts to compile the generally accepted accounting principles back in 1939. Since then, we have witnessed more efforts in setting accounting standards along with an expansion of the accounting theory and academic research studies. All of the mentioned efforts are signs of the fact that accounting is going through a change, from a profession into a field of science. However, one cannot claim accounting as a scientific field without justification, reasoning, and argumentation. Thereby, in this article while studying the deductive and inductive reasoning, we will elaborate their role in developing the accounting theory, setting the accounting standards, and accounting research. What has been expected from the accounting theory is to enable the standard setting authorities to deduce standards. Considering the impact of accounting theory on standard setting, the main aim of this study is to explore the role of deductive and inductive reasoning in the development of accounting theory and setting accounting standards. Furthermore, regarding the fact that accounting research is the joint connection between accounting theory and standards, the role of these reasoning approaches on the integrity of this connection is studied. This non-empirical research is based on reviewing of the existing literature.
The Evolutionary Determinants of Health Programme: Urban Living in the 21st Century from a Human Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Milne Gustav
Published: February 2016

There is a mismatch between our palaeolithic genome and the urbanised Anthropocene world we now inhabit. One consequence is the alarming global rise in ‘Western Life-style’ diseases and conditions such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. It is suggested here that a better understanding of the ‘Evolutionary Determinants of Health and Urban Wellbeing’ might materially improve matters. Such an approach concerns ancestral diets, lifestyle embedded activity regimes, evolutionary-concordant building designs and town plans incorporating urban green space and cleaner air.
Conversations about Home, Community and Identity
Authors: Moussouri Theano , Vomvyla Eleni
Published: February 2016

Despite an increased interest in how societies produce, present and interpret the past, empirical studies of how people make sense of and use the past in their everyday life are less common in public history. This paper explores how people use material culture to make sense of their recent past by (re)constructing personal, family and community histories both in museum exhibitions and through everyday engagements at home. We use two case studies:The West Indian Front Room – Memories and Impressions of Black British Homesexhibition at the Geffrye Museum, London, and the homes of six families of Albanian heritage in Athens, Greece. In both cases, objects play a key role in mediating and reflecting identity and meaning-making.
The Institute of Archaeology Library 1937–1986: Collections, Communities and Networks
Authors: Meheux Katie
Published: February 2016

This article documents the history of the Institute of Archaeology Library from its independent beginnings in 1937 until the merger of the Institute with UCL in 1986. Documents from the Institute of Archaeology Library Archive, unpublished Institute Management Committee Minutes and published Annual Reports are used to demonstrate how the Library and the activities of its librarians reflected changes and developments not only in the Institute community, but also within wider archaeological networks. Initially situated in a united archaeological community with fluid boundaries, the Library was to develop its own independent identity as changes in Higher Education, professionalisation and commercialisation destroyed this unity and promoted the development of distinct communities of professional practice.
Discoveries from La Manche: Five Years of Early Prehistoric Research in the Channel Island of Jersey
Authors: Pope Matt , Scott Beccy , Mills Josie , Bates Martin , Bates Richard , Blinkhorn Ed , Conneller Chantal , Duffy Sarah , Julien Marie-Anne , Ravon Anne-Lyse , Shaw Andrew
Published: February 2016

Since 2010 a new field project drawn from major UK institutions including the UCL Institute of Archaeology, has focused research on the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic record of the Channel Island of Jersey. In this retrospective of five years of research the history of the project to date, its focus on the Middle Palaeolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade and its growth into an international research team is charted. The formation of the La Manche Prehistorique research network in 2015 marks a new chapter in the development of this project. With its wider focus, but continued commitment to research in the Channel Islands, the research group are working towards a unified early prehistoric research framework for the English Channel region.
A 30-Year Content Analysis of a State-Sponsored Professional Development Conference for Music Educators
Authors: Todd E. Danielle , Hancock Carl B.
Published: February 2016

Prior investigations of music conferences revealed trends in programing indicative of national organization priorities and norms (e.g., Orman & Price, 2007; Sheldon & Hartley, 2012). However, national conferences, by their very nature, reflect national interests and not necessarily those of music teachers at state and local levels. If tailoring national conferences to fit the proximate needs of music educators is a priority of the profession, then it would prove beneficial to understand how the content of state music conferences reflects the decisions and concerns of state Music Educators Association (MEA) leaders over time. This content analysis examined 30 years of professional development conferences sponsored by a southeastern state affiliate of the National Association for Music Education (NAfME). Events (N = 2558) listed in programs were classified by area, topic, and focus and graphed. Unique trends in the data were identified, and articles written by state leaders, organization minutes, and feedback from focus groups were used to formulate possible catalysts. Results demonstrated how the longitudinal contents of a state MEA conference reflected the values, priorities, interests, and events impacting conference scheduling at the state level and revealed a priority for providing educational sessions related to inservice teacher education and a strong presence of performances by high school ensembles, especially when compared with the contents of national conferences.
An Exploratory Study of Behavior-Based Segmentation Typology of Facebook Users in Thailand
Authors: Suvachart Noppamash
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the importance behaviors as well as demographics in developing an effective consumer behavior segmentation strategy of Facebook users in Thailand. The questionnaire which comprised a twenty nine items intended user-behaviors scale. The data was collected from 503 potential respondents with valid responses received. There were 173 males respondents (34.4%) and 330 females (65.6%). The majority of the respondents were 21 years old (n=142, 28.2%). Data were initially analysed by factor analysis to develop the type of user-behaviors solution. The results indicated five distinct types of Facebook user-behaviors: Update and share, Shopping and learning, Prefer uncomplicated, Sociable, and Fast distribution. The relationship between behavior types and demographic variables was investigated through ANOVA. The results revealed that gender had no impact for all types. As for age, there was significant difference for “shopping and learning” type. The author interpreted to mean that younger people using Facebook for more shopping and learning than the other age group. These five distinct types were validated by examining their individual behavior type regarding frequency of access to Facebook and network size, there were significant differences for all of the types. The author interpreted that frequency of log in Facebook, and a large number of network size can drive Facebook usage. The empirical findings of this research indicated that 29.8% of Thai teenagers visit Facebook 2-3 times per day and 21.5% visit to Facebook more than 16 times per day. The result also indicated that the majority of the young (54.5%) have more than 181 friends on Facebook.
The Impact of Transformational Leadership Behaviors on Work Performance of Omani Civil Service Agencies
Authors: AlKindy Adil Mohamed , Shah Ishak Mad , Jusoh Ahmed
Published: February 2016

In line with the Recommendations of the Symposium of Development of Governmental Performance (Ministry of Civil Services, 2012), this study is investigating the behavior of the Omani Civil Service Agencies' (OCSA) middle managers Transformational Leadership behaviors in enhancing task and contextual behavior work performance. A review of the literature revealed that there is a positive relationship between transformational leadership behaviors and work performance behaviors. However, there is limited number of studies investigating this relationship in Oman generally and specifically in the public sector. The results are expected to show that the transformational leadership behaviors have a positive relationship with task and contextual work performance behaviors of OCSA. 
Effects of Individualism-Collectivism on Chinese Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Focused on Mediating Effects of Trust
Authors: Rhee Jaehoon , Zhao Xiaofei , Kim Choonghyun
Published: February 2016

For an organization, its’ members’ individual value-orientations play an important role in affecting on their organizational behavior. As China has been known as a collectivist country, its’ cultural value-orientation impact all the Chinese people. However, a growing spirit of “Chinese-style” individualism appeared gradually. Even though some studies have display the relationships between individualism-collectivism and OCB, lacking of the empirical studies of demonstrating that relationships in China even use the Chinese OCB dimensions urged this study with considering the mediating roles of trust. Individual level data has been acquired by 382 Chinese labors. Results indicate a positive relationship between collectivism and Chinese OCB mediated by trust. This study strengthens the Chinese OCB dimension which is still a limited one. Also results provide the guidelines for HR managers when recruiting or making training programs, select collectivists or improve the individuals’ collectivism is very important. Results suggest that while individual behavior in the organizations, they should nurture their collective orientations as to exhibit a high level of OCB which will lead to work performance later. During this process, if they trust in their organizations or their supervisors, a higher level of OCB will be acquired and then switched into later job effectiveness.
The Appropriate Level of Enforcement in Multilevel Regulation Mapping Issues in Avoidance of Regulatory Overstretch
Authors: Heldeweg Michiel A. , Wessel Ramses A.
Published: February 2016

In modern day ‘multilevel’ regulation, legal enforcement of transnational standards usually takes place at another level than where the norm was created in the first place. The quest for smart regulation begs the question which level is most appropriate to proper legal enactment and enforcement. Not only as a matter of location (e.g. inter- or supranational, or domestic), but also concerning the level of strength (i.e. intensity of prescription and/or coercion). How can ‘regulatory overstretch’ be avoided – given smart regulatory principles of subsidiarity and responsiveness? A general description is provided of regulatory enforcement, from a regulatory and an enforcement perspective, followed by a discussion of appropriateness of enforcement from the dimensions of location-level and of strength-level. Finally, a simple model is presented for a ‘remediableness analysis’ of appropriate matching of strength and location level scenarios of enforcement – as guidance for enactment and enforcement of transnational standards without regulatory overstretch.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 5, No. 1
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: February 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2016
Oasis: An Optimizing Action-based Compiler Generator
Authors: Ørbæk Peter
Published: February 2016

Action Semantics is a new and interesting foundation for semantics based compiler generation. In this paper we present several analyses of actions, and apply them in a compiler generator capable of generating efficient, optimizing compilers for procedural and functional languages with higher order recursive functions. The automatically generated compilers produce code that is comparable with code produced by handwritten compilers.
An Introduction to the Theoretical Aspects of Coloured Petri Nets
Authors: Jensen Kurt
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the basic theoretical aspects of Coloured Petri Nets (CP-nets or CPN). CP-nets have been developed, from being a promising theoretical model, to being a full-fledged language for the design, specification, simulation, validation and implementation of large software systems (and other systems in which human beings and/or computers communicate by means of some more or less formal rules). The paper contains the formal definition of CP-nets and their basic concepts (e.g., the different dynamic properties such as liveness and fairness). The paper also contains a short introduction to the analysis methods, in particular occurrence graphs and place invariants.

The development of CP-nets has been driven by the desire to develop a modelling language - at the same time theoretically well-founded and versatile enough to be used in practice for systems of the size and complexity that we find in typical industrial projects. To achieve this, we have combined the strength of Petri nets with the strength of programming languages. Petri nets provide the primitives for the description of the synchronisation of concurrent processes, while programming languages provide the primitives for the definition of data types and the manipulation of their data values.
The Cocktail Party Listener
Authors: Abolfazlian A. R. Kian , Karlsen Brian K.
Published: February 2016

A complex computational model of the human ability to listen to certain signals in preference of others, also called the cocktail party phenomenon, is built on the basis of surveys into the relevant psychological, DSP, and neural network literature. This model is basically binaural and as such it makes use of both spectral data and spatial data in determining which speaker to listen to. The model uses two neural networks for filtering and speaker identification. Results from some experimentation with type and architecture of these networks are presented along with the results of the model. These results indicate that the model has a distinctive ability to focus on a particular speaker of choice.
Adaptive Approaches Towards Better GA Performance in Dynamic Fitness Landscapes
Authors: Lund Henrik Hautop
Published: February 2016

We review different techniques for improving GA performance. By analysing the fitness landscape, a correlation measure between parents and offspring can be provided, and we can estimate effectively which genetic operator to use in the GA for a given fitness landscape. The response to selection equation further tells us how well the GA will do, and combining the two approaches gives us a powerful tool to automatically ensure the selection of the right parameter settings for a given problem. In dynamic environments the fitness landscape changes over time, and the evolved systems should be able to adapt to such changes. By introducing evolvable mutation rates and evolvable fitness formulae, we obtain such systems. The systems are shown to be able to adapt to both internal and external constraints and changes.
A conceptual toolbox for designing CSCW applications
Authors: Bødker Susanne , Christiansen Ellen , Thüring Manfred
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a conceptual toolbox, developed to support the design of CSCW applications in a large Esprit project, EuroCODE. Here, several groups of designers work to investigate computer support for cooperative work in large use organizations, at the same time as they work to develop an open development platform for CSCW applications. The conceptual toolbox has been developed to support communication in and among these design groups, between designers and users and in future use of the open development platform.

Rejecting the idea that one may design from a framework describing CSCW, the toolbox aims to support design by doing and help bridging between work with users, technical design, and insights gained from theoretical and empirical CSCW research.
Type-Directed Partial Evaluation
Authors: Danvy Olivier
Published: February 2016

We present a strikingly simple partial evaluator, that is type-directed and reifies a compiled program into the text of a residual, specialized program. Our partial evaluator is concise (a few lines) and it handles the flagship examples of offline monovariant partial evaluation. Its source programs are constrained in two ways: they must be closed and monomorphically typable. Thus dynamic free variables need to be factored out in a ``dynamic initial environment´´. Type-directed partial evaluation uses no symbolic evaluation for specialization, and naturally processes static computational effects.

Our partial evaluator is the part of an offline partial evaluator that residualizes static values in dynamic contexts. Its restriction to the simply typed lambda-calculus coincides with Berger and Schwichtenberg's ``inverse of the evaluation functional´´ (LICS'91), which is an instance of normalization in a logical setting. As such, type-directed partial evaluation essentially achieves lambda-calculus normalization. We extend it to produce specialized programs that are recursive and that use disjoint sums and computational effects. We also analyze its limitations: foremost, it does not handle inductive types.

This paper therefore bridges partial evaluation and lambda-calculus normalization through higher-order abstract syntax, and touches upon parametricity, proof theory, and type theory (including subtyping and coercions), compiler optimization, and run-time code generation (including decompilation). It also offers a simple solution to denotational semantics-based compilation and compiler generation.

Proceedings of POPL96, the 1996 ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (to appear).
Position Papers from the 8th Workshop for PhD Students in Object-Oriented Systems
Authors: Gerhardt Frank , Benedicenti Luigi , Ernst Erik
Published: February 2016

This book contains the position papers accepted at the workshop which took place July 20-21, 1998, in Brussels, Belgium in connection with the ECOOP'98 Conference. The individual papers can be found at http://www.daimi.au.dk/~eernst/ws98/index_details.html
Practical Use of High-level Petri Nets
Authors: Jensen Kurt
Published: February 2016

This booklet contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Practical Use of High-level Petri Nets, June 27, 2000. The workshop is part of the 21st International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets organised by the CPN group at the Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark. The workshop papers are available in electronic form via the web pages:
 http://www.daimi.au.dk/pn2000/proceedings
Software Engineering and Petri Nets
Authors: Pezze Mauro , Shatz Sol M.
Published: February 2016

This booklet contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Software Engineering and Petri Nets (SEPN), held on June 26, 2000. The workshop was held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets (ICATPN-2000), organised by the CPN group of the Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark. The SEPN workshop papers are available in electronic form via the web page:
http://www.daimi.au.dk/pn2000/proceedings
Five Ways of Reducing the Crank-Nicolson Oscillations
Authors: Østerby Ole
Published: February 2016

Crank-Nicolson is a popular method for solving parabolic equations because it is unconditionally stable and second order accurate. One drawback of CN is that it responds to jump discontinuities in the initial conditions with oscillations which are weakly damped and therefore may persist for a long time. We present a selection of methods to reduce the amplitude of these oscillations.
Fourth Workshop and Tutorial on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN Tools
Authors: Jensen Kurt
Published: February 2016

This booklet contains the proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN Tools, August 28-30, 2002. The workshop is organised by the CPN group at the Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark. The papers are also available in electronic form via the web pages: http://www.daimi.au.dk/CPnets/workshop02
Towards Unifying Inheritance and Automatic Program Specialization
Authors: Schultz Ulrik Pagh
Published: February 2016

Inheritance allows a class to be specialized and its attributes refined, but implementation specialization can only take place by overriding with manually implemented methods. Automatic program specialization can generate a specialized, efficient implementation. However, specialization of programs and specialization of classes (inheritance) are considered different abstractions. We present a new programming language, Lapis, that unifies inheritance and program specialization at the conceptual, syntactic, and semantic levels.
 This paper presents the initial development of Lapis, which uses inheritance with covariant specialization to control the automatic application of program specialization to class members. Lapis integrates object-oriented concepts, block structure, and techniques from automatic program specialization to provide both a language where object-oriented designs can be efficiently implemented and a simple yet powerful partial evaluator for an object-oriented language.
Declarative Specialization for Object-Oriented-Program Specialization
Authors: Andersen Helle Markmann , Schultz Ulrik Pagh
Published: February 2016

The use of partial evaluation for specializing programs written in im-

perative languages such as C and Java is hampered by the di-culty of

controlling the specialization process. We have developed a simple, declar-

ative language for controlling the specialization of Java programs, and in-

terfaced this language with the JSpec partial evaluator for Java. This lan-

guage, named Pesto, allows declarative specialization of programs written

in an object-oriented style of programming. The Pesto compiler auto-

matically generates the context information needed for specializing Java

programs, and automatically generates guards that enable the specialized

code in the right context.
Third Workshop on Modelling of Objects, Components, and Agents
Authors: Moldt Daniel
Published: February 2016

This booklet contains the proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Modelling of Objects, Components, and Agents (MOCA'04), October 11-13, 2004. The workshop is organised by the CPN group at the Department of Computer Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark and the "Theoretical Foundations of Computer Science" group at the University of Hamburg. The home page of the workshop is: http://www.daimi.au.dk/CPnets/workshop04
On the Application of Zone Flooding in a Traffic Warning System
Authors: Kristensen Lars Michael , Nielsen Kenneth-Daniel
Published: February 2016

The LIWAS Traffic Warning System aims at providing early warning to vehicles about slippery conditions on the road. The LIWAS system is currently under development and consists of two main parts: sensors for measuring and classifying the state of the road, and a communication infrastructure for distributing road-state information to vehicles. This paper concentrates on the communication infrastructure, and considers the application of zone flooding for implementing the distribution of road-state information. Zone flooding combines flooding and geocasting to distribute road-state information in a geographically bounded area. To evaluate the applicability of zone flooding in the LIWAS system, a simulation model has been created using the Network Simulator 2. The simulation model captures a representative road-scenario and has been used to evaluate several flooding protocols when used to implement zone flooding. The primary evaluationcriteria are the load on the network and the capability to warn other vehicles in time.
Proceedings of the Sixth Danish Human-Computer Interaction Research Symposium.
Authors: Bertelsen Olav , Brynskov Martin , Dalsgaard P. , Iversen Ole Sejer , Petersen Marianne Graves , Wetterstrand M.
Published: February 2016

Proceedings of the

Sixth Danish Human-Computer Interaction Research Symposium.

Aarhus, Denmark, November 15, 2006
Les mouvements amérindiens et l’anthropologie critique
Authors: Beaucage Pierre
Published: February 2016

La théorie anthropologique a toujours subi l’impact des grands mouvements sociaux. La radicalisation sociale des années 1970 a conduit à l’émergence d’une anthropologie d’inspiration marxiste, puis à celle d’une anthropologie féministe. Présentement la montée des mouvements autochtones s’accompagne de l’éclosion d’une auto-ethnographie, réalisée par des membres d’une jeunesse autochtone scolarisée. Chacun à sa manière, ces trois courants contribuent à une critique de l’anthropologie.
Émergence
Authors: Lessard David
Published: February 2016

Cet article est basé sur une recherche ethnographique d’un an réalisée avec les membres de l’Association Washaw Sibi Eeyou, une organisation communautaire qui compte six cents membres établis dans diverses localités du nord du Québec et de l’Ontario et affiliés à différentes bandes autochtones. L’auteur présente les principaux moments de l’histoire du groupe et montre comment la situation actuelle est due aux pratiques semi-nomades de ses membres, à une expérience particulière du colonialisme, à des changements récents qui ont eu lieu au niveau national dans les relations entre les peuples autochtones et l’État, et aux actions des membres pour se mobiliser en un seul groupe. Il analyse le thème du changement en s’appuyant sur le concept d’émergence qui déstabilise toute assomption de cohérence et de prédictibilité. Ce concept permet de discuter des mécanismes, problèmes et déclencheurs qui ont contribué à la fragmentation et à la cohésion du groupe.
Evidencias de regresión local del desmán ibérico (Galemys pyrenaicus) en los Pirineos meridionales
Authors: Aymerich Pere , Gosàlbez Joaquim
Published: February 2016

We have studied the changes in the distribution and frequency of semiaquatic micromammals in the river network of Alt Pirineu Natural Park (southern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula) between 2000 and 2013-2014. The priority of this work has been the Iberian Desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) but we also evaluated the frequency in Water Shrews (Neomys fodiens and Neomys milleri) and Southern Water Vole (Arvicola sapidus), for which 2000 data were incomplete. It is the first time that a diachronic study on the relative frequency of Iberian Desman takes place at regional level and using an identical method in the two surveys. The methodology was the detection of faeces of these species in 66 river sections, prospected in the two periods considered. The most common semiaquatic mammals were Water Shrews, present in almost all river sections (94%), followed by the Desman (45%) and the Water Vole (34%). We found an intense regression of the Desman in a river basin where this species was common in 2000 (Noguera de Cardós) and it is extinct in the upper basin of this river. This local regression is probably attributable to a recent change in the model of hydroelectric management and we started a survey to evaluate this hypotesis.
Registered report: A chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations
Authors: Haven Babette , Heilig Elysia , Donham Cristine , Settles Michael , Vasilevsky Nicole , Owen Katherine ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: February 2016

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of selected experiments from a substantial number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012, were selected on the basis of citations and Altmetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of experiments from “A chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations” by Sharma and colleagues, published in Cell in 2010 (Sharma et al., 2010). Sharma and colleagues demonstrated that prolonged exposure of cancer cells to TKIs give rise to small populations of “drug tolerant persisters” (DTPs) (Figure 1B-C) that were reversed during subsequent maintenance under drug-free conditions (Figures 1E, 2B and 2E). DTPs exhibited reduced histone acetylation and sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) (Figure 4A-B). Drug sensitivity was restored with co-treatment of either HDIs or an IGF-1R inhibitor, in combination with TKIs (Figure 5A-B). Inhibition of IGF-1R activation also led to decreased KDM5A expression and restoration of H3K4 methylation, suggesting a direct link between the IGF-1R signaling pathway and KDM5A function (Figure 7A, 7C, and 7I). The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange and the results of the replications will be published in eLife.
Autophagy under attack
Authors: de Figueiredo Paul , Dickman Marty
Published: February 2016

Pathogens target proteins involved in autophagy to inhibit immune responses in plants.
Nonlinear elliptic systems with variable exponents and measure data
Authors: Bendahmane Mostafa , Mokhtari Fares
Published: February 2016

In this paper we prove existence results for distributional solutions of nonlinear elliptic systems with a measure data. The functional setting involves Lebesgue-Sobolev spaces as well as weak Lebesgue (Marcinkiewicz) spaces with variable exponents W01,p(·)(Ω) and Mp(·)(Ω) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN EINIGER KUPFER(II)‐KOMPLEXE VON 2,2′‐AZOPYRIDIN, SEMICARBAZID, THIOSEMICARBAZID UND 2,3‐DIMETHYLCHINOXALIN
Authors: CAMPBELL M. J. M. , GRZESKOWIAK R.
Published: February 2016

Über einen größeren Temperaturbereich werden die magnetischen Suszeptibilitäten der Komplexe (I) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS DES DRUCKES AUF DIE C‐FE‐BINDUNG IN HEXACYANOFERRATEN(II) UND HEXACYANOFERRATEN(III)
Authors: FUNG S. C. , DRICKAMER H. G.
Published: February 2016

Der Einfluß des Druckes auf die Ferrate (I)‐(III) wird mittels Mössbauer‐Spektroskopie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITIVITAET VON SUBSTITUENTENKONSTANTEN
Authors: SCHOTT GUENTHER , KUHLA SIEGFRIED
Published: February 2016

Untersuchungen der Solvolyse der Silane (I) bei hoher KOH‐Konzentration bestätigen, daß sich die Summe der Substituentenkonstanten (∑σ) in der Hammett‐Gleichung bis zu ∑σ ⩽ 1 additiv aus den Substituenteneffekten ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE KUPPLUNG 8. MITT. OX. VON BENZOPHENONEN DURCH DICHLORDICYANBENZOCHINON, INTERMEDIAERE BLDG. VON PHENOXONIUM‐IONEN
Authors: FINDLAY J. W. A. , GUPTA PADMA , LEWIS J. R.
Published: February 2016

Das Benzophenon (I) wird durch 24stündige Reaktion mit 2,3‐Dichlor‐5,6‐dicyanbenzochinon in siedendem Dioxan in ein Gemisch der Xanthone (III) und (IV) übergeführt (Ausbeute 5,5 bzw. 11%); intermediär entsteht wahrscheinlich das Phenoxonium‐Ion (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROCHEMISCHE RED. VON NITROBENZYLHALOGENIDEN IN ACETONITRIL
Authors: LAWLESS JAMES G. , BARTAK DUANE E. , HAWLEY M. DALE
Published: February 2016

Die elektrochemische Reduktion der o‐, p‐ und m‐Nitrobenzylhalogenide (I) wird in Acetonitril mit Tetraäthylammoniumperchlorat als Leitsalz untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: RED. VON NITRO‐ UND NITROSOVERBINDUNGEN MIT P(III)‐REAGENTIEN 4. MITT. ASPEKTE IN BEZUG AUF DEN MECHANISMUS DER RED. VON 2,4,6‐TRIMETHYL‐2′‐NITRO‐BIPHENYL, 2‐NITRO‐BIPHENYL UND NITRO‐BENZOL
Authors: CADOGAN J. I. G. , TODD M. J.
Published: February 2016

Die Reduktion der Nitroverbindung (I) mit dem Phosphit (II) liefert das Amin (III) und das Phosphorimidat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORIERUNG 2. MITT. RADIKALISCHE UND HELL‐VOLHARD‐ZELINSKY‐CHLORIERUNG VON CYCLOHEXANCARBONSAEURE
Authors: LITTLE J. C. , SEXTON A. R. , TONG YU‐LAN CHANG , ZURAWIC T. E.
Published: February 2016

Die Chlorierung der Titelverbindung bei verschiedenen Temperaturen in Abwesenheit und Gegenwart von Chlorbenzol als Lösungsmittel und Phosphortrichlorid führt zu den in der l. Mitt. beschriebenen Monochlorcyclohexancarbonsäuren [wie z.B. (II)‐(IV), vergleiche vorstehendes Referat] und zum Teil höher chlorierten Säuren.
ChemInform Abstract: ALLGEMEINE SAEUREKATALYSE DER HYDROLYSE VON KETALEN, HYDROLYSE VON TROPONDIAETHYLKETAL
Authors: ANDERSON EDWIN , FIFE THOMAS H.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Hydrolyse des Ketals (I) in Tris‐HCl‐Puffern läßt sich eine katalytische Wirkung der korrespondierenden Säure des Tris‐[hydroxymethyl]‐ aminomethans nachweisen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER THERMISCHEN UMWANDLUNG VON CYCLOBUTAN IN AETHYLEN, PYROLYSE VON 7,8‐CIS,EXO‐DIDEUTEROBICYCLO(4,2,0)OCTAN
Authors: BALDWIN JOHN E. , FORD PHILLIP W.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Pyrolyse des Bicyclooctans (I) bildete sich bevorzugt das trans‐Äthylen (II) vor dem cis‐Isomeren (III) neben cis‐Cyclohexen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON CYCLOALKANEN DURCH ANIONISCHE KOPPLUNGSREAKTIONEN
Authors: RICHARDS D. H. , SCILLY N. F.
Published: February 2016

Styrol (I) reagiert mit den Dibromalkanen (II) in Gegenwart von Li in THF zu den Cycloalkanen (III); daneben entsteht die cis‐(IV) und trans‐Verbindung (V).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOUMLAGERUNG VON BENZONORBORNADIEN
Authors: EDMAN JAMES R.
Published: February 2016

Es wird der Mechanismus der Photoumlagerung der Titelverbindung (Ia) in Gegenwart von Acetophenon als Sensibilisator zur Tetracycloverbindung (IIIa) (Racemat) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMIE VON CIS‐ UND TRANS‐BICYCLO(6,1,0)NONANON‐(2)
Authors: PAQUETTE LEO A. , EIZEMBER RICHARD F.
Published: February 2016

Die cis‐ (I) bzw. das trans‐Keton (II) zeigen in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Stereochemie ein sehr unterschiedliches photochemisches Verhalten, das außerdem vom Lösungsmittel abhängt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER ADDITION VON ORGANOMETALLVERBINDUNGEN AN 2‐METHOXY‐CYCLOHEXANON
Authors: BATTIONI JEAN‐PAUL , CHODKIEWICZ WLADYSLAW
Published: February 2016

Bei der Addition der Organometallverbindungen (II) an die Ketone (I) überwiegt in dem entstandenen Gemisch der Alkohole (III) und (IV) stets das Konformere (IV), lediglich mit Äthinyl‐ sowie Phenyl‐äthinyl‐MgBr wurden gleiche Mengen an (III) und (IV) gefunden.
ChemInform Abstract: OX. VON ESTERN DURCH BROM UND N‐BROMSUCCINIMID
Authors: RADHAKRISHNAMURTI P. S. , PATI S. C.
Published: February 2016

Die Oxidation von Estern durch Brom oder N‐Bromsuccinimid erfolgt in Eisessig bei 60°C und pH = 3,5 (Kaliumacetat‐Puffer) ohne vorherige Hydrolyse der Ester und verläuft nach der Reaktion 2. Ordnung.
ChemInform Abstract: DECARBONYLIERUNGSRK. UNTER VERWENDUNG VON UEBERGANGSMETALLVERBINDUNGEN
Authors: TSUJI J. , OHNO K.
Published: February 2016

Mit Schwergewicht auf präparative Anwendbarkeit wird anhand von 75 Literaturstellen ein Überblick gegeben über Decarbonylierungsreaktionen, z.B. Umwandlung von Säurehalogeniden (I) zu den entsprechenden Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen (II) oder von durch Eliminierung von Halogenwasserstoff gebildeten Produkten, beispielsweise durch die Katalysatoren (III) oder (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNGEN VON CYCLOPENTADIENONEN MIT ALIPHATISCHEN DIAZOVERBINDUNGEN 6. MITT. VERSUCHE MIT ′INDANOCYCLON′
Authors: EISTERT BERND , EL‐CHAHAWI MOUSTAFA A.
Published: February 2016

Die Reaktion des aus Ninhydrin und Dibenzylketon erhältlichen Indanocyclone (I) mit den Diazoverbindungen (II) liefert die 1:1‐Addukte(III) (80 bis 100% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS FUER NUCLEOPHILE UND PHOTONUCLEOPHILE AROMATISCHE SUBSTITUTIONSRK.
Authors: PIETRA F.
Published: February 2016

Anhand von 71 Literaturzitaten werden neuere Ergebnisse der Erforschung des Mechanismus nucleophiler Substitutionsreaktionen mitgeteilt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIREKTE UND SENSIBILISIERTE PHOTOISOMERISIERUNG EINES DIAZABICYCLO(2,2,2)OCTENONS
Authors: HART H. , MURRAY R. K. , APPLEYARD G. D.
Published: February 2016

Das bereits beschriebene Diazabicyclooctenon (II) (Tetrahedron Letters (London) 1969, 54, 4781 ‐ 4784) liefert bei einer Photolyse in Äther die Reaktionsprodukte (III) und (IV), wobei (III) die Zwischenstufe darstellt und unabhängig weiter in (IV) umgewandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON TELLUR(IV)‐HALOGENIDEN MIT SULFOXIDEN
Authors: MARGANIAN VAHE M. , WHISENHUNT J. E. , FANNING JAMES C.
Published: February 2016

Te(IV)‐bromid bzw. ‐chlorid bilden mit den entsprechenden Alkylsulfoxiden unter Stickstoff‐Atmosphäre die beständigen, gelb‐ bis orangegefärbten, in einigen Fällen kristallinen Te‐Verbindungen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: KONTROLLE DER STEREOCHEMIE BEI DER PHOTOISOMERISIERUNG VON 2,5‐CYCLOHEXADIENONEN DURCH STERISCHE FAKTOREN
Authors: RODGERS T. R. , HART H.
Published: February 2016

Nach einer allgemeinen Diskussion der Photochemie von 2,5‐Cyclohexadienonen werden zunächst aus den Polymethyl‐phenolen (Ia) und (Ic) durch Umsetzung mit Allylbromid zu (II), Umlagerung mit Bortrifluorid zu (III) und Hydrierung die Dienone (IVa)‐(IVc) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIKALISCHE ADDITION VON TERT.‐BUTYLMERCAPTAN AN 1,2,3,4,7,7‐HEXAMETHYLBICYCLO(2,2,1)HEPTADIEN
Authors: PRILEZHAEVA E. N. , ASOVSKAYA V. A. , STEPANYANZ G. U. , MONDESHKA D. , SHEKHTMAN R. J.
Published: February 2016

Hexamethyl‐cyclopentadien (I) reagiert mit Acetylendicarbonsäure (II) zu dem Addukt (III), aus dem bei der Decarboxylierung neben 56% Hexamethyl‐norbornadien (IV) noch die isomeren Olefine (V)‐(VII) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON IM KERN DURCH CHLOR UND NITRO‐GRUPPEN SUBSTITUIERTEN OMEGA‐POLYCHLORDERIVATEN DES 1,2‐DIMETHYL‐BENZOLS
Authors: SIRJAEVA L. S. , KLJUEV V. N.
Published: February 2016

1,2‐Dimethyl‐benzol (I) wird in Gegenwart von Eisen und Eisenchlorid im Kern zum Tetrachlor‐Derivat (II) chloriert.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION VON DICHLORCARBEN AN FULVENE
Authors: HART H. , HOLLOWAY R. L. , LANDRY C. , TABATA T.
Published: February 2016

Das aus Natriumtrichloracetat erhaltene Dichlorcarben (II) reagiert mit 6,6‐Dimethyl‐fulven (I) unter Annahme der möglichen Zwischenstufe (III) zum m‐Chlor‐α‐methyl‐styrol (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HEPTAFLUORISOPROPYLIERUNG VON FLUORNITROBENZOLEN MIT HEXAFLUORPROPYLEN
Authors: ISHIKAWA N. , INOUE Y.
Published: February 2016

Umsetzung von 2,4‐Dinitrofluorbenzol (Ia) und seinen Cyanoderivaten (Ib), (Ic) mit Hexafluorpropylen (II) in DMF in Gegenwart von Kaliumfluorid ergibt die Heptafluorisopropylderivate (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: FARBE VON 4‐NITRO‐PHENACYL‐DERIVATEN AROMATISCHER AMINE
Authors: SMIRNOV E. A. , JAKOVENKO T. I.
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion von p‐Nitro‐β‐brom‐acetophenon (I) mit Aminen (II) werden Keto‐amine der Formel (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: VINYLSULFONYL‐METHYLIDE
Authors: DIEFENBACH HORST , RINGSDORF HELMUT , WILHELMS ROLF E.
Published: February 2016

Aus dem Disulfonylmethan (II) werden die Ylide (I) (32% Ausbeute) und (III) (15%) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS VON JODIDIONEN AUF CARBEN‐ADDITIONEN AN OLEFINE
Authors: MAGID R. M. , WILSON S. E. , WELCH J. G.
Published: February 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Lithiumhalogeniden auf die bei Carbenreaktionen gebildeten Cyclopropane wurde ein Gemisch von cis‐ und trans‐1‐Jod‐2‐phenyl‐cyclopropan (II) mit Methyllithium (III) behandelt und hierbei in hoher Ausbeute unter Eliminierung von Methan die Phenyl‐Verbindung (IV) erhalten; die Methylverbindung (I) konnte nicht dargestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE RED. VON NITRO‐ANTHRACHINONEN 1. MITT. HYDRIERUNG UEBER PALLADIUM AUF KOHLE IN KONZENTRIERTER SCHWEFELSAEURE
Authors: CURSINA V. M. , LITVIN E. F. , FREJDLIN L. CH. , ZINCENKO R. I.
Published: February 2016

Die Nitro‐anthrachinone werden bei 70°C in 90%iger Schwefelsäure, in der sich sowohl die Ausgangsprodukte als auch die Reduktionsprodukte gut lösen, über Palladium (5%) auf Kohle hydriert.
ChemInform Abstract: SAPONINE 4. MITT. NEUES TRITERPEN‐SAPOGENIN, CASTANOGENOL, AUS DER RINDE VON CASTANOSPERMUM AUSTRALE CUNN ET FRAS
Authors: GOPALA RAO M. , ROW L. RAMACHANDRA , RUKMINI C.
Published: February 2016

Die Isolierung von Bayogenin (Ia) und einem neuen Triterpentetrol, Castanogenol, (Ib) aus der Rinde von C. australe wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE ALKYLIERUNG VON BENZOFURAN
Authors: LEBEDEV B. L. , KAREV N. A. , KORYTINA O. A. , SUJKIN N. I.
Published: February 2016

Isobutylen (II) wird in Gegenwart von Platinchlorwasserstoffsäure auf Kieselgur bei 135°C an Benzofuran (I) unter Bildung der α‐ und β‐tert.‐Butyl‐benzofurane (III) und (IV) sowie des am Benzolkern alkylierten Produktes (V) angelagert.
ChemInform Abstract: GESAETTIGTE STICKSTOFFHALTIGE HETEROCYCLEN 3. MITT. SYNTH. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON 5‐ALKYLPYRROLIDINONEN‐(2)
Authors: PONOMAREV A. A. , SEDAVKINA V. A.
Published: February 2016

Die 5‐Alkylpyrrolidinone‐(2) und 1‐Methyl‐5‐alkylpyrrolidinone‐(2) (III) wurden durch reduktive Aminierung von γ‐Ketocarbonsäureäthylestern (I) mit Ammoniak und Methylamin in Gegenwart von Raney‐Nickel, Rutheniumdioxid oder rutheniumpromotiertem Raney‐Nickel und Wasserstoff in Autoklaven bei 120°C und 90 at in Ausbeuten von 60 ‐ 76% dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ARYL‐BETA‐AMINOSAEUREN 2. MITT. 2‐(N‐ARYLAMINOAETHYL)‐BENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: SOLOMKO Z. F. , POLINOVSKIJ G. A.
Published: February 2016

2‐(N‐Arylaminoäthyl)‐benzimidazole (IV) (71 ‐ 78%) entstehen beim Kochen der Iminoester‐dihydrochloride (II) von N‐Aryl‐β‐alaninen mit o‐Phenylendiamin (III) in alkoholischer Lösung.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON BENZOYLISOCYANATEN MIT EPOXIDEN
Authors: TSUGE O. , ITOH T. , SAKAI K.
Published: February 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von Benzoylisocyanat (Ia) und p‐Chlorbenzoylisocyanat (Ib) mit Styroloxid (II) entstehen neben den 4‐Phenyloxazolidonen (III) auch die 5‐Phenyl‐Verbindungen (IV), und zwar in etwa gleicher Ausbeute von 18 ‐ 27%.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON 4‐HYDROXY‐6‐METHYL‐PYRON‐(2) UND 6‐SUBSTITUIERTEN 4‐HYDROXY‐CUMARINEN MIT ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTEN ACYLCHLORIDEN
Authors: SHIZURI Y. , KATO K. , HIRATA Y. , MUROBUSHI A. , YAMAMURA S.
Published: February 2016

Das Hydroxypyron (III) reagiert mit Crotonylchlorid (II) in Pyridin nach mehrstündigem Erhitzen zum Pyranopyran‐dion (I); mit dem Säurechlorid (IV) entstehen unter gleichen Bedingungen die isomeren Dione (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUIERTE HYDROXYCARBONSAEUREHYDRAZIDE 52. MITT. PIPERYLHYDRAZIDE DISUBSTITUIERTER GLYKOLSAEUREN
Authors: BERDINSKIJ I. S. , MACULENKO L. N.
Published: February 2016

Der aus Piperylhydrazin (I) und Oxalsäurediäthylester (II) hergestellte Äthylester des Oxalsäurepiperylhydrazids (III) wurde mit den Grignardverbindungen (IV) umgesetzt und so die disubstituierten Glykolsäurepiperylhydrazide (V) in Ausbeuten von 60 ‐ 99% dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 1‐(N‐SUBST. CARBAMOYL)‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROCHINOLINEN
Authors: TOI Y. , ISAGAWA K. , FUSHIZAKI Y.
Published: February 2016

Die Reduktion verschiedener 4‐Phenyl‐6‐chlorchinoline (I) mit Zink in Salzsäure lieferte die entsprechenden 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydrochinoline (II).
ChemInform Abstract: KONSTITUTION DES DIBENZO(A.O)PERYLEN‐PHOTOOXIDS
Authors: BROCKMANN HANS , DICKE FRANZ
Published: February 2016

Aus Helianthron (I) wird mit Eisessig und Zn das Dibenzoperylen (II) dargestellt, dessen Struktur NMR‐spektroskopisch bewiesen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANSMETALL‐CARBEN‐KOMPLEXE 17. MITT. UEBERTRAGUNG DES METHOXYPHENYLCARBEN‐LIGANDEN AUF EISEN UND NICKEL
Authors: FISCHER E. O. , BECK H.‐J.
Published: February 2016

Bei der UV‐Bestrahlung des Mo‐Komplexes (I) und Fe(CO)5 in Benzol bildet sich der Fe‐Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: EIGENSCHAFTEN VON SALZEN DER NAPHTHALINDISULFONSAEUREN
Authors: IVANOVA O. S. , SPRYSKOV A. A.
Published: February 2016

Naphthalin‐1,3‐ und ‐1,7‐disulfonsäuren bilden mit o‐, m‐, p‐Toluidin, p‐Nitro‐o‐toluidin, o‐, p‐Anisidin, Phenylhydrazin und p‐Nitroanilin in Wasser gut lösliche, mit Benzidin in Wasser schlecht lösliche Salze.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINE 8. MITT. DARST. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN VON URACIL‐4‐CARBALDEHYDHYDRAZON, DER ERSTE INNERKOMPLEX EINES PYRIMIDINS MIT KUPFER
Authors: BROSSMER REINHARD , ZIEGLER DIETMAR
Published: February 2016

Der Aldehyd (I) liefert mit stöchiometrischen Mengen Hydrazin zunächst das Azin (II), das bei Raumtemperatur durch höhere Hydrazinkonzentration zum Hydrazon (III) (Ausbeute 82%) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: UMWANDLUNG VON TRI‐O‐METHYLSOLORINSAEURE IN TETRA‐O‐METHYLAVERYTHRIN, SYNTH. VON AVERYTHRIN UND VON PARTIELL METHYLIERTEN 1,3,6,8‐TETRAHYDROXY‐2‐METHYLANTHRACHINONEN
Authors: SARGENT M. V. , SMITH DAVID O'N. , ELIX J. A. , ROFFEY PATRICK
Published: February 2016

Reduktive Acetylierung der Tri‐O‐methylsorinsäure (I) liefert das Acetat (II), das über (±)‐Averantin (III) mit p‐Toluolsulfonsäure in das Averythrin (IV) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON (+‐)‐DASYCARPIDON, (+‐)‐3‐EPI‐DASYCARPIDON, (+‐)‐ULEIN UND (+‐)‐3‐EPI‐ULEIN
Authors: JACKSON A. , WILSON N. D. V. , GASKELL A. J. , JOULE J. A.
Published: February 2016

Aus dem dargestellten Phenylhydrazon (I) wird mit Phosphorsäure bei 140°C das Indol (III) gebildet, dessen Methojodid mit Na‐B‐hydrid zum Alkohol (VI) (85%) und durch anschließende Oxidation zum Keton (VII) (75%) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAMINOZUCKER 11. MITT. SYNTH. DER 2,3‐DIAMINO‐2,3‐DIDESOXY‐D‐GALAKTOSE
Authors: MEYER ZU RECKENDORF WOLFGANG , WASSILIADOU‐MICHELI NIOBE
Published: February 2016

Aus dem Glucopyranosid (Ia) entsteht durch Mesylierung das Derivat (Ib) bzw. durch Hydrierung und anschließende N‐Benzoylierung die Diaminoverbindung (IIa), die in das Mesylderivat (IIb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(4,6‐O‐BENZYLIDEN‐1‐O‐METHYL‐3‐OXIMINO‐ALPHA‐D‐RIBO‐HEXOPYRANOS‐2‐YL)‐PYRIDINIUM‐P‐TOLUOLSULFONAT (II) NEUE INTERESSANTE ZWISCHENSTUFE IN DER KOHLENHYDRATCHEMIE
Authors: SZAREK W. A. , LAWTON B. T. , JONES J. K. N.
Published: February 2016

Nachdem an dem Keto‐tosylat (I) definierte Austauschreaktionen schlecht möglich waren, wurde (I) durch Behandlung mit Hydroxylamin‐hydrochlorid in Pyridin‐Wasser in das Oxim‐pyridinium‐Salz (II) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDE UND WALDENSCHE UMKEHR 66. MITT. 5BETA,14ALPHA‐ANDROSTEN‐(15)‐ON‐(17)
Authors: SHOPPEE C. W. , NEWMAN B. C.
Published: February 2016

Durch Bromierung (CuBr2) des Ketons (II) [auf einfachem Weg aus Testosteron (I) erhältlich] werden das Mono‐ (III) und das Dibromid (IV) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDE 33. MITT. VERSUCH DER DARST. VON 19‐NOR‐5ALPHA‐CHOLESTANEN UEBER 2BETA‐HYDROXY‐5ALPHA‐CHOLESTAN‐19‐SAEURE
Authors: SHOPPEE C. W. , BELLAS T. E. , COLL J. C. , LACK RUTH E.
Published: February 2016

Das Cholestan (I) bildet mit Pb‐tetraacetat‐Jod bei Bestrahlung und nachfolgender Jones‐Oxidation das Epoxid (II) und das Lacton (III), das zur Säure (IV) hydrolysiert wird und deren Ester (V) mit Jones‐Reagenz zum Ketoester (VI) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: LINEARE POLYPEPTIDE MIT BEKANNTER SICH WIEDERHOLENDER SEQUENZ VON AMINOSAEUREN, SYNTH. VON POLY‐(L‐TYROSYL‐L‐GLUTAMYL‐L‐ALANYLGLYCYL)(1‐(14)C)GLYCINAETHYLESTER
Authors: JOHNSON BRIAN J. , TRASK ELWOOD G.
Published: February 2016

Aus dem Methylester (Ia) (Darstellung ist beschrieben) erhält man über mehrere Stufen den Pentachlorphenylester (Ib).