bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium salt crystalluria in a captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) population
Authors: Fendrich Rachel H.
Published: March 2023

Background

Urinalysis is a rapid, non‐invasive method used to obtain diagnostic information on primates. While several studies have investigated dipstick and specific gravity values in chimpanzees, urine sediment analysis is often excluded. Crystalluria, observed during urine sediment analysis, can be benign or indicate renal pathologies.

Methods

In total, 665 urine samples from sanctuary‐housed chimpanzees were analyzed over the course of 17 months for pH, specific gravity, time of collection, and crystalluria.

Results and Conclusions

Calcium salt crystalluria was seen in 9.0% of the samples from 23.7% of the individuals in the study. Urinary pH and specific gravity were significantly higher in samples with crystalluria than in those lacking crystalluria, while time of collection did not differ between the two groups. While diet is the most likely cause of the crystalluria in this population, several medications could also cause urinary crystallization. Further exploration of the significance of calcium salt crystalluria in chimpanzees is warranted.
Aesthetic considerations when treating patients of African descent: Thriving in diversity international roundtable series
Authors: Fabi Sabrina G. , Burgess Cheryl , Edwards Cleo‐Daimaris , Kanaris Nicole P. , Dayan Steve
Published: March 2023

Background

Black patients of African descent are an ethnically diverse demographic and have unique anatomical features, aging processes, and responses to aesthetic procedures that must be considered when planning treatment.

Aims

To discuss similarities and differences in the anatomy and treatment preferences of Black patients of African descent and explore how these differences may influence aesthetic practices.

Patients/Methods

In support of clinicians who wish to serve a diverse patient population, a 6‐part international roundtable series focused on diversity in aesthetics was conducted from August 24, 2021, to May 16, 2022.

Results

The results of the third roundtable in the series, the African Patient, are described here. The expertise and perspectives of African physicians, US physicians who treat African American patients, and physicians practicing within Latin America and Europe who treat patients of color (POC) of African descent are included, as well as information gleaned from injection demonstrations.

Conclusions

Black African patients seek aesthetic treatment for a variety of conditions. Patients with darker skin can benefit from treatment with fillers, neurotoxins, and energy‐based devices, but the application of these approaches should take into account the unique characteristics of each individual patient and the cultural and biological influences that impact treatment outcomes.
Human–algorithm hybrids as (quasi‐)organizations? On the accountability of digital collective actors
Authors: BECKERS ANNA , TEUBNER GUNTHER
Published: March 2023

Models of individual accountability for algorithms’ actions fail when a human–algorithm association comes to be viewed as a collective actor. In some situations, human and algorithmic actions are so closely intertwined that there is no longer a linear connection between the emergent collectivity and the complex interactions of humans and algorithms. In such collective decision‐making sequences, individual accountability can no longer be attributed. Therefore, a new perspective on human–algorithm associations that captures their emergent properties and organizational qualities is needed to develop appropriate models of collective accountability. This article seeks to answer a number of questions. How can the encounter between humans and algorithms within such a socio‐technical configuration be adequately theorized? Can the configuration itself be understood as a hybrid collectivity? Can actions be attributed to the configuration as a personified collective actor? How will accountability be institutionalized for human–algorithm associations – in centralized or distributed collective forms?
Carvedilol as the new non‐selective beta‐blocker of choice in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Turco Laura , Reiberger Thomas , Vitale Giovanni , La Mura Vincenzo
Published: March 2023

Portal hypertension (PH) is the most common complication ofcirrhosis and represents the main driver of hepatic decompensation. The overarching goal of PH treatments in patients with compensated cirrhosis is to reduce the risk of hepatic decompensation (i.e development of ascites, variceal bleeding and/or hepatic encephalopathy). In decompensated patients, PH‐directed therapies aim at avoiding further decompensation (i.e. recurrent/refractory ascites, variceal rebleeding, recurrent encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or hepatorenal syndrome) and at improving survival. Carvedilol is a non‐selective beta‐blocker (NSBB) acting on hyperdynamic circulation/splanchnic vasodilation and on intrahepatic resistance. It has shown superior efficacy than traditional NSBBs in lowering PH in patients with cirrhosis and may be, therefore, the NSBB of choice for the treatment of clinically significant portal hypertension. In primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, carvedilol has been demonstrated to be more effective than endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). In patients with compensated cirrhosis carvedilol achieves higher rate of hemodynamic response than propranolol, resulting in a decreased risk of hepatic decompensation. In secondary prophylaxis, the combination of EVL with carvedilol may prevent rebleeding and non‐bleeding further decompensation better than that with propranolol. In patients with ascites and gastroesophageal varices, carvedilol is safe and may improve survival, as long as no impairment of the systemic hemodynamic or renal dysfunction occurs, with maintained arterial blood pressure as suitable safety surrogate. The target dose of carvedilol to treat PH should be 12.5 mg/day. This review summarizes the evidence behind Baveno‐VII recommendations on the use of carvedilol in patients with cirrhosis.
Tick‐borne pathogens in ticks from urban and suburban areas of north‐western Spain: Importance of Ixodes frontalis harbouring zoonotic pathogens
Authors: Remesar S. , Matute R. , Díaz P. , Martínez‐Calabuig N. , Prieto A. , Díaz‐Cao J. M. , López‐Lorenzo G. , Fernández G. , López C. , Panadero R. , Díez‐Baños P. , Morrondo P. , García‐Dios D.
Published: March 2023

To identify the questing tick populations in urban and suburban areas from the city of Lugo (NW Spain), ticks were collected monthly by flagging. The presence of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum also was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Overall, 342 questing ticks were collected; the tick abundance was higher in suburban (95.9%) than in urban areas (4.1%). Ixodes frontalis was the most abundant (86.5%); 88.5% were larvae, 11.1% nymphs and 0.3% adults. All development stages of I. ricinus (7.3%) and adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (5.8%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.3%) were found. Rickettsia spp. (31.9%) was more prevalent than Borrelia spp. (2.7%); no ticks were positive to A. phagocytophilum. Six Rickettsia species were identified (R. slovaca, R. monacensis, R. massiliae, R. raoultii, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae and R. aeschielmanii); Candidatus Rickettsia rioja and two novel Rickettsia species also were detected. In addition, Borrelia turdi (1.8%) and B. valaisiana (0.9%) were identified in Ixodes ticks. This is the first report of R. slovaca in R. sanguineus s.l. and of R. monacensis, R. raoultii, R. slovaca, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae and Ca. R. rioja in I. frontalis. Since most of the pathogens detected are zoonotic, their presence in these areas may have implications for public health.
Decolonizing health policy and practice: Vaccine hesitancy in the United States
Authors: Hatcher Barbara
Published: March 2023

Using 2021 data and information related to COVID‐19, this paper discusses the contribution of colonization, medical mistrust and racism to vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy is defined as ‘delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability’. Colonization is described as the ‘way the extractive economic system of capitalism came to the United States, supported by systems of supremacy and domination, which are a necessary part of keeping the wealth and power accumulated in the hands of the colonizers and ultimately their financiers’. The system of colonization results in policies and practices, including those related to health, that continue to create oppression and support racism. Persons experience trauma as the byproduct of colonization. Chronic stress and trauma create chronic inflammation and all diseases, whether genetic or lifestyle, have a common pathogenesis that is a component of inflammation. Medical mistrust is the absence of trust that healthcare providers and organizations genuinely care for patients' interests, are honest, practice confidentiality and have the competence to produce the best possible results. Finally, racism is described as everyday racism and perceived racism in healthcare.
Refashioning place and new‐build gentrification: The material and symbolic redevelopment of Three Kings, Auckland
Authors: Naismith Larissa , Murphy Laurence
Published: March 2023

Auckland's post‐suburban landscape is associated with new mixed‐use apartment developments. When located in former industrial sites, these emergent residential and retail spaces constitute new‐build gentrification and carry the potential to rupture existing people/place dynamics. This article examines material and socio‐cultural processes associated with the redevelopment of an industrial quarry in Three Kings, Auckland. It is argued that the redevelopment constitutes a physical refashioning of a former industrial space located within a traditional working‐class community. The development involves a remaking of the material and socio‐cultural fabric of the neighbourhood and aligns with new‐build gentrification practices.
Unraveling the Thought Probes of US Legislators on Trade Negotiations: Sentiment Analysis of the 108th and 112th US Congressional Speeches*
Authors: Choi Jaedong , Park Rinseo , Baek Young Min , Lee Jae Mook
Published: March 2023

A plethora of literature has investigated the voting behavior of US legislators on trade bills to reveal a possible causal mechanism. Relying on dichotomous roll‐call voting data, however, has certain limitations on revealing the comprehensive thought probes of lawmakers on a complex diplomatic issue such as making an FTA deal. In this paper, we provide new insight to fill such a gap by analyzing congressional speech data during FTA ratification procedures. Using an automated web scraper, we collected the entire speech data (N = 5,372) of Senators and House Representatives in the 108th and 112th US Congress regarding AUSFTA and KORUS FTA, respectively. The speech sentiment analysis results show background and context (i.e., attitude‐behavior inconsistency) in the process of trade negotiations and agreements. Additionally, the results help identify important factors (i.e., ideology, constituency stimuli) that influence whether members of Congress stand for and against the FTA implementations.
Clinicopathological characteristics and molecular analysis of lung cancer associated with ciliated muconodular papillary tumor/bronchiolar adenoma
Authors: Higashiyama Masahiro , Motoi Noriko , Yotsukura Masaya , Yoshida Yukihiro , Nakagawa Kazuo , Yagishita Shigehiro , Shirasawa Masayuki , Yoshida Tatsuya , Shiraishi Kouya , Kohno Takashi , Ohe Yuichiro , Watanabe Shun‐ichi
Published: March 2023

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumor/bronchiolar adenoma (CMPT/BA) is a recently introduced benign lung tumor. It remains unclear whether CMPT/BA is associated with a specific type of lung cancer (LC). We studied the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic profiles of the coexisting primary LC and CMPT/BA (LCCM) cases. We identified eight LCCM (0.4%) from the resected Stage 0–III primary LC (n = 1945). The LCCM cohort was male‐dominant (n = 8), elderly (median 72 years old), and most were smokers (n = 6). In addition to the adenocarcinoma (n = 8), we detected two squamous cell carcinomas and one small cell carcinoma—in some cases, multiple cancer. The target sequence/whole exome sequence (WES) revealed no shared mutations between CMPT/BA and LC. One exceptional case was invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma harboring an HRAS mutation (I46N, c.137T>A), but it was likely to be a single nucleotide polymorphism based on variant allele frequency (VAF). Other driver mutations in LC included EGFR (InDel, n = 2), BRAF(V600E) (n = 1), KRAS (n = 2), GNAS (n = 1), and TP53 (n = 2). BRAF(V600E) was the most frequent mutation in CMPT/BA (60%). In contrast, LC showed no specific trend in driver gene mutations. In conclusion, our study revealed differences in the gene mutation profiles of CMPT/BA and LC in coexisting cases, suggesting mostly independent clonal tumorigenesis of CMPT/BA from LC.
Test–retest reliability of resting‐state EEG in young and older adults
Authors: Popov Tzvetan , Tröndle Marius , Baranczuk‐Turska Zofia , Pfeiffer Christian , Haufe Stefan , Langer Nicolas
Published: March 2023

The quantification of resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG) is associated with a variety of measures. These include power estimates at different frequencies, microstate analysis, and frequency‐resolved source power and connectivity analyses. Resting‐state EEG metrics have been widely used to delineate the manifestation of cognition and to identify psychophysiological indicators of age‐related cognitive decline. The reliability of the utilized metrics is a prerequisite for establishing robust brain–behavior relationships and clinically relevant indicators of cognitive decline. To date, however, test–retest reliability examination of measures derived from resting human EEG, comparing different resting‐state measures between young and older participants, within the same adequately powered dataset, is lacking. The present registered report examined test–retest reliability in a sample of 95 young (age range: 20–35 years) and 93 older (age range: 60–80 years) participants. A good‐to‐excellent test–retest reliability was confirmed in both age groups for power estimates on both scalp and source levels as well as for the individual alpha peak power and frequency. Partial confirmation was observed for hypotheses stating good‐to‐excellent reliability of microstates measures and connectivity. Equal levels of reliability between the age groups were confirmed for scalp‐level power estimates and partially so for source‐level power and connectivity. In total, five out of the nine postulated hypotheses were empirically supported and confirmed good‐to‐excellent reliability of the most commonly reported resting‐state EEG metrics.
Conceptualization and measurement of regulatory discretion: Text analysis of 120 years of British legislation
Authors: Kosti Nir
Published: March 2023

Regulatory discretion is a central concept in the study of the regulatory state. Yet little attention has been paid to the origins of regulatory discretion, and how it varies across polities, policy areas, and over time. This paper presents a conceptualization of regulatory discretion that draws on three dimensions: delegation, content, and procedure. It argues that to measure regulatory discretion in legislation, we need to identify provisions that delegate regulatory powers to governments and then examine the extent to which exercising regulatory powers is constrained. Using Natural Language Processing techniques, this paper presents descriptive findings of the dynamics of regulatory discretion in the United Kingdom between 1900 and 2020. The findings portray how discretion has been constrained and formalized over the years through the content of regulations, while it has still retained high levels of flexibility in exercising regulatory powers. In doing so, the findings illustrate the rise of the British regulatory state through its legislative language.
Testing the interpersonal theory of suicide in a sample of sexual minority young adults: Attention to within‐group differences
Authors: Chang Cindy J. , Dorrell Kate D. , Feinstein Brian A. , Depp Colin A. , Ehret Blaire C. , Selby Edward A.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study investigated demographic differences in interpersonal theory of suicide factors and their associations with suicide attempts among sexual minority young adults.

Methods

784 sexual minority young adults ages 18–29 (42.7% cisgender men, 42.2% cisgender women, 15.1% transgender/gender diverse; 62.2% non‐Hispanic White; 50.5% gay/lesbian, 49.5% bisexual+) completed an online survey assessing lifetime suicide attempts and interpersonal theory of suicide factors.

Results

Demographic differences included (1) greater perceived burdensomeness among transgender/gender diverse participants compared to other gender groups; (2) greater acquired capability for suicide and suicide attempts among cisgender men compared to cisgender women; (3) greater acquired capability for suicide among bisexual+ compared to gay/lesbian participants; and (4) a lower number of suicide attempts among Asian/Asian American sexual minority participants compared to most other sexual minority participants. All interpersonal theory of suicide factors were significantly associated with a higher number of suicide attempts, though only perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability for suicide remained significant when examining all three simultaneously. No two‐ or three‐way interactions between interpersonal theory of suicide factors were significant.

Conclusion

The interpersonal theory of suicide may be useful for understanding suicide attempts in this population, with perceived burdensomeness and acquired capability being particularly relevant to consider.
Secretor status of blood group O mothers is associated with development of ABO haemolytic disease in the newborn
Authors: Krog Grethe Risum , Lorenzen Henriette , Clausen Frederik Banch , Dziegiel Morten Hanefeld
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

Identification of antibody characteristics and genetics underlying the development of maternal anti‐A/B linked to inducing haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn could contribute to the development of screening methods predicting pregnancies at risk with high diagnostic accuracy.

Materials and Methods

We examined 73 samples from mothers to 37 newborns with haemolysis (cases) and 36 without (controls). The secretor status was determined by genotyping a single nucleotide polymorphism in FUT2, rs601338 (c.428G>A).

Results

We found a significant association between secretor mothers and newborns developing haemolysis (p = 0.028). However, stratifying by the newborn's blood group, the association was found only in secretor mothers to blood group B newborns (p = 0.032). In fact, only secretor mothers were found in this group. By including antibody data from a previous study, we found higher median semi‐quantitative levels of IgG1 and IgG3 among secretor mothers than non‐secretor mothers to newborns with and without haemolysis.

Conclusion

We found that the maternal secretor status is associated with the production of anti‐A/B, pathogenic to ABO‐incompatible newborns. We suggest that secretors experience hyper‐immunizing events more frequently than non‐secretors, leading to the production of pathogenic ABO antibodies, especially anti‐B.
First donor haemovigilance system at a national level in China: Establishment and improvement
Authors: Yang Junhong , Fan Dinrong , Xie Dongfu , Guo Xiaojie , Zhu Wenqing , He Tao , Huang Xia
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

No systematic study has measured the incidence of adverse reactions (ARs) to blood donation at the national level in China before 2019. The objective of this study was to establish an effective reporting system to collect information on ARs to blood donation in China.

Materials and Methods

The status of donor haemovigilance (DHV) in blood collection facilities in China was evaluated, and an online DHV system was established to collect data on ARs to blood donation in July 2019. The definitions of ARs were based on the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) standards. The prevalence and data quality of ARs from 2019 to 2021 were analysed.

Results

A standard online reporting system has been established for ARs to blood donation. In total, 61, 62 and 81 participating sites were included in this pilot study in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. From July 2019 to December 2021, 21,502 cases of whole‐blood‐related ARs and 1114 cases of apheresis platelet‐related ARs were reported, with an incidence of 3.8‰ and 2.2‰, respectively. Data completeness for key reporting elements improved from 41.7% (15/36) in 2019 to 74.4% (29/39) in 2020. Data quality analysis for the year 2021 yielded similar results as for 2020.

Conclusion

The construction and continuous improvement of the blood donor safety monitoring system prompted the establishment of the DHV system. Improvements have been made to the DHV system in China, with a significant increase in sentinels and higher data quality.
La participación en la producción televisiva del spot de bien público. La experiencia de Centro Norte Televisión (CNTV) en Cuba
Authors: Hernández Alfonso Eduardo , Caballero Rivacoba María Teresa , Paz Enrique Luis Ernesto
Published: March 2023

La reproducción de paradigmas trasmisivos y unidireccionales en la rutina productiva de la televisora CNTV limita instituir dinámicas participativas en el género spot de bien público. La situación antes descrita favorece que se planteen como objetivos de la investigación: 1) fundamentar la función social de los medios de comunicación desde la producción televisiva de los spots de bien público y 2) caracterizar los elementos esenciales que expresan la participación en la producción televisiva de spots de bien público en Centro Norte Televisión. La investigación clasifica como descriptiva con aporte teórico. Destaca el empleo de las técnicas entrevista, cuestionario y análisis de contenido. Se concluye que las limitaciones de la participación se originan en la ausencia de institucionalización del proceso, la falta de sistematicidad de los espacios que la propician y el desconocimiento de los niveles de involucramiento necesarios para cada actividad.
Drag Reduction for Flow Past Circular Cylinder Using Static Extended Trailing Edge
Authors: Boral Ayush , Dutta Souvik , Das Anwesha , Kumar Ankit , Bej Nilotpala , Chaubdar Pooja , Das Biranchi Narayana , Harichandan Atal Bihari
Published: March 2023

A numerical study has been carried out on the two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder. In this case, a splitter plate is provided at the rear stagnation point in the downstream direction. ansys fluent has been used to carry out the numerical simulations based on finite volume method approach. Grid independence was achieved and the numerical model was validated with results available in open literature at Reynolds numbers of 100, 5000, and 100,000 respectively. In the present investigation, the characteristics of vortex shedding due to the presence of splitter plate in the circular cylinder were investigated. The main focus of this research was to find the optimal splitter plate length for low, moderate, and high Reynolds numbers. It was observed that at low, moderate, and high Reynolds numbers, the drag coefficient (cd) for optimal plate length decreased drastically as compared to the baseline circular cylinder case. Moreover, the fluctuating nature of lift coefficient (cl) had also ceased. This research work has a good potential to decrease time-varying structural loads on bluff bodies by decreasing the vortex shedding frequency and consequently decreasing drag. The scope of our research extends to structures of bridges and large vehicles, radiator pipes of heat exchangers, landing gears of aircraft, and many more.
Heat Transfer Intensification of a Confined Impinging Air Jet Via a Guiding Baffle
Authors: Maghrabie Hussein M. , Attalla M. , Abdelfattah Mustafa
Published: March 2023

The heat transfer intensification of a confined impinging jet was achieved using a rough surface or pin fins as well as using modified nozzles such as chamfering, chevron, sweeping, swirling, etc. In this work, an enhanced cooling process utilizing a single confined air jet impinged on a flat plate using a guiding baffle is implemented. The impacts of Reynolds number (Re) ranged from 500 to 5000, guiding baffle diameter-to-nozzle diameter (D/d) of 2, 4, and 6, and guiding baffle height-to-nozzle to impinging plate distance (h/H) of 1/3, 1/2, and 3/4 on the cooling process are studied. The distributions of surface temperature are acquired experimentally using a thermal infrared camera. As well, the local Nusselt number (Nu), stagnation point Nusselt number (Nust), average Nusselt number (Nu¯), and average Nusselt number ratio (Nu¯r) are evaluated. The results reveal that the enhancement of heat transfer is achieved due to installing a guiding baffle with a D/d of 2 for all values of baffle height and Reynolds number. In addition, the Nu¯r is increased with increasing the Re in the range from 500 to 2500, then it is decreased by a further increase in Re. Moreover, based on the experimental results, an empirical correlation is proposed to compute the Nu¯ depending on Re, D/d, and h/H with a ±2.65% standard deviation.
Self-Aligning Rotational Latching Mechanisms: Optimal Geometry for Mechanical Robustness
Authors: Fernandez Gabriel I. , Gessow Samuel , Quan Justin , Hong Dennis W.
Published: March 2023

In concurrent work, we introduced a novel robotic package delivery system latching intelligent modular mobility system (LIMMS). Each LIMMS end effector requires a small, lightweight latching mechanism for pre-manufactured containers, such as cardboard boxes. In order to effectively process a high volume of packages, aligning the latching mechanism quickly and reliably is critical. Instead of depending on highly accurate controllers for alignment, we propose a novel self-aligning rotational mechanism to increase the system’s tolerance to misalignment. The radial latching design consists of evenly spaced blades that rotate into slots cut into the box. When misaligned, the blades contact the edges of the engagement slots, generating a self-correcting force that passively centers the blades with the slot pattern. This paper introduces a mathematical framework with closed form expressions to quantify error tolerance for these mechanisms. Through our mathematical and optimization analyses, it is shown that a two-blade design can tolerate a maximum misalignment of three times the radius to the blade tips, much larger than commonly used designs with three or more blade-like contacts. Our approach can be generalized for a class of rotational latching mechanisms with any number of blades. Utilizing this theory, a design process is laid out for developing an optimal self-aligning rotational latching mechanism given desired parameters and task constraints. With this methodology, we designed, manufactured, and verified the effectiveness of both two-blade and three-blade self-aligning in practical experiments.
Comprehensive Correlations for Small Punch Test Response Post-Processing Toward Preserved Mechanical Strength Estimation
Authors: Patel Pruthvish , Patel B. K.
Published: March 2023

The small punch test (SPT) approach is a miniature specimen testing technique to estimate the preserved mechanical strength of an in-service component to check its fitness for service. The SPT results are summarized in form of force-specimen deflection, (F − u) and force-punch displacement, (F − v) response. There are many standards published in an attempt to define a universally accepted approach for SPT-aided mechanical characterization. However, it was recognized that such standards were not concerned to practice a consistent approach while SPT response measurement and strength estimation toward outlining proclaimed best-fitting correlations. This paper narrates limitations caused by known inconsistent practices and proposed comprehensive correlations for accurate strength estimation for metallic materials which are exposed to 100–2000 MPa strengths.
A Direct Backstepping Super-Twisting Algorithm Controller MPPT for a Standalone Photovoltaic Storage System: Design and Real-Time Implementation
Authors: Benadli Ridha , Frey David , Lembeye Yves , Bjaoui Marwen , Khiari Brahim , Sellami Anis
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we introduce a novel direct maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach that combines the backstepping controller (BSC) and the super-twisting algorithm (STA). The direct backstepping super-twisting algorithm control (BSSTAC) MPPT was developed to extract the maximum power point (MPP) produced by a photovoltaic (PV) generator connected to the battery through a boost DC-DC converter. To reduce the number of sensors required for the BSSTAC implementation, a high gain observer (HGO) was proposed to estimate the value of the state of the PV storage system from measurements of the PV generator voltage and current. The suggested technique is based on the quadratic Lyapunov function and does not employ a standard MPPT algorithm. Results show that the suggested control scheme has good tracking performance with reduced overshoot, chattering, and settling time as compared to the prevalent MPPT tracking algorithms such as perturb and observe (P&O), conventional sliding mode control (CSMC), BSC, and integral backstepping controller (IBSC). Finally, real-time findings using the dSPACE DS 1104 software indicate that the generator PV can accurately forecast the MPP, as well as the efficacy of the suggested MPPT technique. The provided approach’s effectiveness has been validated by a comprehensive comparison with different methods, resulting in the greatest efficiency of 99.88% for BSSTAC.
Point Contact Thermal Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Under Short-Period Intermittent Motion
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Yao Minglu , Wang Jing , Wan Yong
Published: March 2023

To improve mechanical efficiency, the tribological performance of short-period intermittent motion needs to be investigated. Based on the theory of thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and considering the influences of rough surface, a mixed-EHL model under point contact simple sliding intermittent motion is established. Using this model, the transition from mixed-EHL to EHL in the contact area is realized by changing the period of intermittent motion and setting the surface roughness. It is found that the thermal effect on simple sliding intermittent motion should not be ignored, and the pressure, temperature rise distribution, and friction coefficient during the stop and start-up are fluctuated obviously. Under the condition of rough surface contact, the contact area will enter the mixed-EHL state during the stop and start-up. Shortening the period of intermittent motion is beneficial to alleviate the adverse effect of the mixed-EHL.
A Parametric Study of the Bouc–Wen Model for Bolted Joint Dynamics
Authors: Shetty Drithi , Allen Matthew
Published: March 2023

Built-up structures exhibit nonlinear dynamic phenomena due to friction at the surfaces that are held together using mechanical fasteners. This nonlinearity is hysteretic or history dependent. Additionally, interfacial slip results in stiffness and damping variations that are dependent on the vibration amplitude. In the microslip regime, the dissipation varies as a power of the amplitude. The four-parameter Iwan model can capture both the hysteretic and power-law dissipation behavior that is characteristic of many bolted joints. However, simulating the dynamic response of this model is computationally expensive since the states of several slider elements must be tracked implicitly, necessitating the use of fixed-step integration schemes with small time-steps. The Bouc–Wen model is an alternative hysteretic model in which the restoring force is given by a first-order nonlinear differential equation. Numerical integration of this model is much faster because it consists of just one additional state variable, i.e., the hysteretic variable. Existing literature predominantly focuses on studying the steady-state behavior of this model. This paper tests the effectiveness of the Bouc–Wen model in capturing power-law dissipation by comparing it to four-parameter Iwan models with various parameters. Additionally, the effect of each Bouc–Wen parameter on the overall amplitude-dependent damping is presented. The results show that the Bouc–Wen model cannot capture power-law behavior over the entire microslip regime, but it can be tuned to simulate the response over a smaller amplitude range.
Boundary effects on the streaming flow around a bubble located at the velocity antinode of a standing wave
Authors: Alhamli Mohammad K. , Sadhal Satwindar Singh
Published: March 2023

This study uses the singular perturbation method to analyze the streaming flow around a pulsating bubble at the velocity antinode of a standing wave. The bubble radially and laterally oscillates with small nondimensional amplitudes of ε` and ε, respectively. The momentum equation is expanded using ε. The frequency parameter M, which is the ratio of the bubble radius to the viscous length, is included in the expanded equations as OM−1. Four boundary conditions are solved: non-pulsating and pulsating assuming no-slip and shear-free boundaries. For the non-pulsating bubble, the streaming is on the order of OM−1 for the shear-free boundary. The flow has a quadrupole pattern, with direction from the equator to the poles. However, for the non-pulsating bubble with the no-slip boundary, the flow pattern is from the poles to the equator and the direction reverses after a critical value of M=13.3. When bubble pulsation is introduced, the intensity of the streaming increases and is proportional to M. The flow pattern is dipole with a direction from the south to the north pole for the shear-free boundary. For the non-slip boundary, the flow is quadrupole for small values of M and varies with the phase shift ϕ. As M increases, the flow intensifies and becomes dipole. For both cases, the maximum velocity is at the phase shift angle ϕ=135° and M=10.
Transferable Skills: Preparing Sport Management Students for Careers Both Within and Outside the Sports Industry
Authors: Braunstein-Minkove Jessica R. , DeLuca Jaime R. , Baucum Sydney C.
Published: March 2023

Sport management programs have a long history of incorporating experiential learning practices into curricula for the purpose of cultivating students’ practical competencies, both applied and transferable. However, research considering the concept (and value) of transferable skills in sport management education is notably absent. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to understand the salient, transferable skills that sport management students acquire during their undergraduate education and how these are applied to careers both within and outside the sports industry. This research is based on qualitative data collection intended to assess the impact of sport management education on career preparedness. Major findings include the importance of skills in the following areas: teamwork/collaboration, critical thinking/comprehension/analytical skills, general business knowledge, time management, public speaking/presenting, and leadership/management. This research offers important implications regarding the preparatory role of sport management academic programs and educators moving forward.
Testing, explaining, and exploring models of facial expressions of emotions
Authors: Snoek Lukas , Jack Rachael E. , Schyns Philippe G. , Garrod Oliver G. B. , Mittenbühler Maximilian , Chen Chaona , Oosterwijk Suzanne , Scholte H. Steven
Published: March 2023

Models are the hallmark of mature scientific inquiry. In psychology, this maturity has been reached in a pervasive question—what models best represent facial expressions of emotion? Several hypotheses propose different combinations of facial movements [action units (AUs)] as best representing the six basic emotions and four conversational signals across cultures. We developed a new framework to formalize such hypotheses as predictive models, compare their ability to predict human emotion categorizations in Western and East Asian cultures, explain the causal role of individual AUs, and explore updated, culture-accented models that improve performance by reducing a prevalent Western bias. Our predictive models also provide a noise ceiling to inform the explanatory power and limitations of different factors (e.g., AUs and individual differences). Thus, our framework provides a new approach to test models of social signals, explain their predictive power, and explore their optimization, with direct implications for theory development.
Subnanometer structure of an enveloped virus fusion complex on viral surface reveals new entry mechanisms
Authors: Marcink Tara C. , Zipursky Gillian , Cheng Wenjing , Stearns Kyle , Stenglein Shari , Golub Kate , Cohen Frances , Bovier Francesca , Pfalmer Daniel , Greninger Alexander L. , Porotto Matteo , des Georges Amedee , Moscona Anne
Published: March 2023

Paramyxoviruses—including important pathogens like parainfluenza, measles, and Nipah viruses—use a receptor binding protein [hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) for parainfluenza] and a fusion protein (F), acting in a complex, to enter cells. We use cryo–electron tomography to visualize the fusion complex of human parainfluenza virus 3 (HN/F) on the surface of authentic clinical viruses at a subnanometer resolution sufficient to answer mechanistic questions. An HN loop inserts in a pocket on F, showing how the fusion complex remains in a ready but quiescent state until activation. The globular HN heads are rotated with respect to each other: one downward to contact F, and the other upward to grapple cellular receptors, demonstrating how HN/F performs distinct steps before F activation. This depiction of viral fusion illuminates potentially druggable targets for paramyxoviruses and sheds light on fusion processes that underpin wide-ranging biological processes but have not been visualized in situ or at the present resolution.
A Critical Analysis of the Evidence for the SARS-CoV-2 Origin Hypotheses
Authors: Alwine James C. , Casadevall Arturo , Enquist Lynn W. , Goodrum Felicia D. , Imperiale Michael J.
Published: March 2023

When humans experience a new, devastating viral infection such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), significant challenges arise. How should individuals as well as societies respond to the situation? One of the primary questions concerns the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that infected and was transmitted efficiently among humans, resulting in a pandemic.
International modified Delphi study on malaria preventive behaviour: new themes, contexts and framework for future research onPlasmodium knowlesimalaria
Authors: Naserrudin Nurul Athirah , Hod Rozita , Saffree Jeffree Mohammad , Ahmed Kamruddin , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Plasmodium knowlesimalaria is a non-human simian malaria that threatens Southeast Asian rural communities. Studies indicate that non-compliant bednet usage, travelling into the forest and working as farmers and rubber tappers put communities at risk for infection. Despite guidelines, malaria incidence increases yearly and has become a public health concern. In addition to research gaps addressing factors that influence malaria prevention behaviour in these communities, there are no specific guidelines to facilitate strategies against the threat ofP. knowlesimalaria.

Method

To examine potential factors that influence malaria-prevention behaviour in communities exposed toP. knowlesimalaria, 12 malaria experts participated in a modified Delphi study; every participant maintained their anonymity throughout the study. Three Delphi rounds were conducted via different online platforms between 15 November 2021 and 26 February 2022, and consensus was achieved when 70% of the participants agreed on a particular point with a 4–5 median. The results from the open-ended questions were then subjected to thematic analysis, and the dataset generated by this study was analysed using a deductive and inductive approach.

Results

After a systematic, iterative process, knowledge and belief, social support, cognitive and environmental factors, past experience as a malaria patient, and the affordability and feasibility of a given intervention were critical contributors to malaria-prevention behaviour.

Conclusion

Future research onP. knowlesimalaria could adapt this study’s findings for a more nuanced understanding of factors that influence malaria-prevention behaviour and improveP. knowlesimalaria programmes based on the expert consensus.
Estimating time and transportation costs associated with lung cancer screening and diagnostic lung procedures in Taiwan: a cross-sectional survey in a medical centre
Authors: Wu Chi-Hao , Ku Li-Jung Elizabeth , Lin Chien-Yu , Chung Ta-Jung , Liu Hui-Ju , Chao Ting-Hsing , Yang Szu-Chun
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Earlier research has evaluated the non-medical costs after lung cancer diagnosis. This study estimated the time costs and transportation costs associated with low-dose CT (LDCT) screening and diagnostic lung procedures in Taiwan.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A tertiary referral medical centre.

Participants and interventions

The study participants were individuals aged 50–80 years who underwent LDCT screening or diagnostic lung procedures between 2021 and 2022. Participants completed a questionnaire including items on time spent on receiving care, time spent on travel and its cost and time taken off from work by the participant and any accompanying caregiver.

Outcome measures

Time costs were valued using the age- and sex-specific average daily wage for employed participants/caregivers. Costs of informal healthcare sector consisted of time cost of the participant, transportation cost and time cost of the caregiver.

Results

A total of 209 participants who underwent LDCT screening (n=84) or non-surgical (n=12) or surgical (n=113) diagnostic lung procedures for the first time were enrolled. Considering the purchasing power parity, the average costs of informal healthcare sector were US$126.4 (95% CI 101.6 to 151.2), US$290.7 (95% CI 106.9 to 474.5) and US$749.8 (95% CI 567.3 to 932.4), respectively, for LDCT screening, non-surgical procedures and surgical procedures.

Conclusions

This study estimated time and transportation costs associated with LDCT screening and diagnostic lung procedures, which could be used for future analysis of cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening in Taiwan.
Harnessing neuroplasticity to improve motor performance in infants with cerebral palsy: a study protocol for the GAME randomised controlled trial
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Badawi Nadia , Boyd Roslyn N , Spittle Alicia J , Dale Russell C , Kirby Adrienne , Hunt Rod W , Whittingham Koa , Pannek Kerstin , Morton Rachael L , Tarnow-Mordi William , Fahey Michael C , Walker Karen , Prelog Kristina , Elliott Catherine , Valentine Jane , Guzzetta Andrea , Olivey Shannon ,   the GAME study team, Novak Iona
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood worldwide. Historically the diagnosis was made between 12 and 24 months, meaning data about effective early interventions to improve motor outcomes are scant. In high-income countries, two in three children will walk. This evaluator-blinded randomised controlled trial will investigate the efficacy of an early and sustained Goals–Activity–Motor Enrichment approach to improve motor and cognitive skills in infants with suspected or confirmed CP.

Methods and analysis

Participants will be recruited from neonatal intensive care units and the community in Australia across four states. To be eligible for inclusion infants will be aged 3–6.5 months corrected for prematurity and have a diagnosis of CP or ‘high risk of CP’ according to the International Clinical Practice Guideline criteria. Eligible participants whose caregivers consent will be randomly allocated to receive usual care or weekly sessions at home from a GAME-trained study physiotherapist or occupational therapist, paired with a daily home programme, until age 2. The study requires 150 participants per group to detect a 0.5 SD difference in motor skills at 2 years of age, measured by the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2. Secondary outcomes include gross motor function, cognition, functional independence, social–emotional development and quality of life. A within-trial economic evaluation is also planned.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the Sydney Children’s Hospital Network Human Ethics Committee in April 2017 (ref number HREC/17/SCHN/37). Outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications, presentations at international conferences and consumer websites.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12617000006347.
Rates of malignancies among patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hedderson Monique M , Asgari Maryam M , Xu Fei , Quesenberry Charles P , Sridhar Sneha , Geier Jamie , Lemeshow Adina R
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, may be at an increased risk for malignancies compared with patients without AD; however, incidence rates (IRs) of malignancies in patients with moderate to severe AD are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare IRs of malignancies in adults with moderate to severe AD (aged ≥18 years).

Design

Retrospective cohort study using data from a Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) cohort. AD severity classification was adjudicated with medical chart review. Covariates and stratification variables included age, sex and smoking status.

Setting

Data were obtained from the KPNC healthcare delivery system in northern California, USA. Cases of AD were defined by outpatient dermatologist-rendered codes and prescriptions of topical therapy or phototherapy (moderate) or systemic treatment (severe).

Participants

KPNC health plan members with moderate or severe AD (2007–2018).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Malignancy IRs and 95% CIs per 1000 person-years were calculated.

Results

7050 KPNC health plan members with moderate and severe AD met eligibility criteria for inclusion. IRs (95% CI) were highest for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in patients with moderate and severe AD (4.6 (95% CI 3.9 to 5.5) and 5.9 (95% CI 3.8 to 9.2), respectively) and breast cancer (2.2 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.0) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 3.9), respectively). Except for breast cancer, which was only evaluated in women, malignancies were higher (with non-overlapping CIs) in patients with moderate and moderate to severe AD in men versus women for basal cell carcinoma and NMSC and in former versus never smokers for NMSC and squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions

This study estimated IRs of malignancies in patients with moderate and severe AD and provides valuable information for dermatology clinicians and ongoing clinical trials in these populations.