bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remote blended treatment for individuals with suicidal ideation: A single‐arm proof‐of‐concept trial
Authors: Büscher Rebekka , Teismann Tobias , Hartleitner Paula , Klein Jan Philipp , Baumeister Harald , Sander Lasse B.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

New digital treatment formats may reduce barriers to treatment for individuals with suicidal ideation. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a remote blended care programme for this population, defined as acceptability, demand, practicality, adaptation, indications of efficacy and safety.

Methods

We conducted a mixed‐methods single‐arm trial for proof‐of‐concept. Participants were eligible if they were at least 18 years old, had sufficient German proficiency, a Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation score ≥2, internet access and lived near the outpatient clinic. The treatment consisted of 12 sessions of cognitive‐behavioural videotherapy combined with online modules over 6 weeks.

Results

We included 10 participants. All patients were satisfied with the treatment; most patients (80%) reported unpleasant memories resurfacing. All patients completed all therapy sessions and a mean of 13.7 modules (SD = 5.7); three patients switched to face‐to‐face treatment, in one case due to safety concerns. All patients and most therapists (83.3%) found the treatment overall practicable. Most patients (66.7%) and therapists (66.7%) considered remote treatment equivalent to face‐to‐face therapy. There were no serious adverse events.

Conclusion

While promising, the results suggest changes to the programme might be needed, particularly for patients' safety. A controlled feasibility trial should investigate temporary deteriorations.
Morphological change of foveolar‐type gastric adenocarcinoma after proton pump inhibitor discontinuation in a short time period: A case report
Authors: Igarashi Shohei , Hanabata Norihiro , Furusawa Keisuke , Suto Shinya , Satake Miwa , Shimaya Koji , Kanazawa Kosuke , Numao Hiroshi , Munakata Masaki , Kurotaki Hidekachi , Sakuraba Hirotake , Yoshida Shigeaki
Published: September 2023

A 37‐year‐old man with systemic lupus erythematosus underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy as a screening examination for anemia and bloody stool. A semi‐pedunculated edematous lobular polyp of 25 mm in size was detected in the greater curvature of the upper gastric body. At that time, a definitive diagnosis of cancer could not be made based on a biopsy specimen from the lesion. Since the patient was on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for a long time to prevent peptic ulceration due to prolonged prednisolone administration for systemic lupus erythematosus, we diagnosed the lesion as a PPI‐associated hyperplastic polyp and switched lansoprazole to famotidine. Two months later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed that the polyp had decreased in size to 8 mm, whereas the biopsy specimen led to a histological diagnosis of gastric cancer. The polyp was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for MUC5AC, but negative for MUC2 and MUC6, leading to a final diagnosis of foveolar‐type gastric adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, we may suggest that PPI induces reversible morphological changes in foveolar‐type gastric adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, short‐term follow‐up of polypoid lesions should be prepared, considering tumor comorbidity with morphological changes during long‐term PPI usage.
Multiscale variability in nutrients and secondary metabolites in a bat‐dispersed neotropical fruit
Authors: Gelambi Mariana , Whitehead Susan R.
Published: September 2023

Ripe fleshy fruits contain not only nutrients but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Nutrients serve as a reward for mutualists, whereas defensive metabolites protect the fruit against pests and predators. The composition of these chemical traits is highly variable, both across different plants and even within repeating structures on the same individual plant. This intraspecific and intraindividual variation has important fitness consequences for both plants and animals, yet patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and secondary metabolites are not well understood, especially at smaller scales. Here, we investigate the multiscale variation and covariation between nutrients and defensive metabolites in Piper sancti‐felicis ripe fruits. Means and measures of variation of sugars, proteins, phenolics, and alkenylphenols vary greatly among plants, and at least 50% of the trait variation occurs at the intraindividual level. Also, we found that proteins, but not sugars, were correlated with phenolics and alkenylphenols at multiple scales, suggesting trait variation in protein content may be more constrained than sugars. Our findings emphasize the importance of examining patterns across scales and provide the groundwork to better understand how complex patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and defensive metabolites shape ecological interactions surrounding fruits.
Opportunities and challenges for monitoring a recolonizing large herbivore using citizen science
Authors: Ostermann‐Miyashita Emu‐Felicitas , Bluhm Hendrik , Dobiáš Kornelia , Gandl Nina , Hibler Sophia , Look Samantha , Michler Frank‐Uwe , Weltgen Leonie , Smaga Aleksandra , König Hannes J. , Kuemmerle Tobias , Kiffner Christian
Published: September 2023

Monitoring is a prerequisite for evidence‐based wildlife management and conservation planning, yet conventional monitoring approaches are often ineffective for species occurring at low densities. However, some species such as large mammals are often observed by lay people and this information can be leveraged through citizen science monitoring schemes. To ensure that such wildlife monitoring efforts provide robust inferences, assessing the quantity, quality, and potential biases of citizen science data is crucial. For Eurasian moose (Alces alces), a species currently recolonizing north‐eastern Germany and occurring in very low numbers, we applied three citizen science tools: a mail/email report system, a smartphone application, and a webpage. Among these monitoring tools, the mail/email report system yielded the greatest number of moose reports in absolute and in standardized (corrected for time effort) terms. The reported moose were predominantly identified as single, adult, male individuals, and reports occurred mostly during late summer. Overlaying citizen science data with independently generated habitat suitability and connectivity maps showed that members of the public detected moose in suitable habitats but not necessarily in movement corridors. Also, moose detections were often recorded near roads, suggestive of spatial bias in the sampling effort. Our results suggest that citizen science‐based data collection can be facilitated by brief, intuitive digital reporting systems. However, inference from the resulting data can be limited due to unquantified and possibly biased sampling effort. To overcome these challenges, we offer specific recommendations such as more structured monitoring efforts involving the public in areas likely to be roamed by moose for improving quantity, quality, and analysis of citizen science‐based data for making robust inferences.
Toward a new perspective on evaluating climate change resilience of agroecosystems
Authors: Pappo Emily , Wilson Chris H. , Pitts Justin J. , Hammond William M. , Flory S. Luke
Published: September 2023

Anthropogenic climate change is a major challenge for agriculture globally, so agroecosystems more resilient to changing environmental conditions are necessary to continue sufficient production. However, high uncertainty surrounding the definition and evaluation of ecological resilience in agroecosystems inhibits effective development and improvement of climate‐resilient agriculture. Here, we propose a framework for improving evaluations of agroecosystem resilience through a novel approach to estimating agroecosystem stability domains by focusing on profitability. First, we provide a brief review of relevant agroecosystem resilience literature to contextualize our contribution. Then, we argue for evaluation of profitability across a range of conditions as a key integrative metric for estimating bounds of agroecosystem stability domains. Finally, we identify data gaps and critical next steps to further develop this framework into an effective evaluative tool. Our overarching goal is to provide a new perspective on how we understand agroecosystem resilience in the face of climate change.
Risk factors of readmission and the impact of outpatient management in heart failure patients: A national study in Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Daisuke , Tarasawa Kunio , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji
Published: September 2023

Aims

Heart failure is a significant disease, and its high readmission rate is a big concern. We must identify readmission risk factors and optimize outpatient management to prevent them. This study aims to investigate the readmission risk factors, including outpatient management represented by the number of outpatient visits, and to identify the factors related to frequent outpatient visits.

Methods and results

We used the diagnosis‐procedure‐combination database between April 2016 and March 2022. Based on the number of outpatient visits within 60 days after discharge, we categorized patients into <1 visits/month, (1<, ≦2) visits/month, and <2 visits/month and observed the occurrence of 60 days readmission. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to reveal the readmission risk factors and the association between the number of outpatient visits and readmission. As a subgroup analysis, we conducted the same research in the low‐ and high‐readmission risk groups. We compared medical contents between (1<, ≦2) visits/month and <2 visits/month. We analysed 101 239 patients and identified the following factors as a risk of readmission: older age (P < 0.001), female (P = 0.009), longer length‐of‐hospital‐stay (P < 0.001), artificial ventilator (P < 0.001), tolvaptan (P < 0.001), top 50% dosage of loop diuretics (P = 0.036), bottom 50% dosage of class III antiarrhythmic agents (P < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.005), atrial fibrillation (P < 0.001), dilated cardiomyopathy (P < 0.001), valvular disease (P = 0.021), myocardial infarction (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), and renal disease (P < 0.001). We revealed that the risk of readmission increases in <2 visits/month compared to (1<, ≦2) visits/month (P < 0.001), whereas the risk of readmission decreases in ≦1 visits/month compared with (1<, ≦2) visits/month (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, we found the possibility that some risk factors are specific to the subgroup. We identified that the following factors were related to frequent outpatient visits: older age (P < 0.001), home medical care (P = 0.007), tolvaptan (P < 0.001), top 50% dosage of loop diuretics (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), renal disease (P = 0.009), 0–2 weeks follow‐up (P < 0.001), 2–4 weeks follow‐up (P < 0.001), cardiac rehabilitation (P < 0.001), and echocardiography (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study comprehensively identified risk factors for readmission and found outpatient visit is personalized by readmission risk. There is still room to optimize outpatient management. We suggest optimizing outpatient management according to our identified characteristics.
Synthesis and Characterization of Homoleptic Zintl Anions [(Pn7)M(Pn7)]4− (M/Pn=Pb/As, Zn/Bi)
Authors: Pan Fuxing , Ababei Rodica , Massa Werner , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: September 2023

The formation and follow‐up chemistry of P73− has been intensely studied in the recent decades. In contrast, corresponding investigations of its heavier polycyclic polypnictide congeners Pn73− (Pn=As, Sb, Bi), especially Bi73−, have been done to a much lesser extent. In our report, we add to these rare studies, by reporting new coordination compounds with As73− and Bi73−, respectively. Addition of PbI2 to a solution of K3As7 in ethane‐1,2‐diamine (en) afforded the heterometallic cluster anion [(As7)Pb(As7)]4− (with an 8 % co‐crystallization of [PbAs15]3− on the same site), in compound [K3.92(crypt‐222)4][(As7)Pb(As7)]0.92[PbAs15]0.08 ⋅ 3en (1). A similar reaction of [ZnPh2] with a pyridine (py) solution of the ternary solid ‘K5Ga2Bi4’, which was previously shown to release Ga and polybismuthide units in situ under certain reaction conditions, resulted in the formation of [K(crypt‐222)]4[(Bi7)Zn(Bi7)] ⋅ 2.5py (2), comprising the related heterometallic anion [(Bi7)Zn(Bi7)]4−. The former represents the first Pb−As binary Zintl anions obtained via solution chemistry, and the latter adds one more piece to the remarkably rare coordination compounds reported for Bi73−.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Molecules: Recent Advances
Authors: Tang Mengyao , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

Inherent chirality represents a distinct category of molecular chirality that does not fall within the traditional classification of four chiral elements: central, axial, planar, and helical chirality. While extensive research has been conducted on the catalytic enantioselective construction of these conventional chiralities, the corresponding synthesis of inherently chiral molecules has remained largely unexplored. This minireview provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in this field, focusing on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of inherently chiral calixarenes, saddle‐shaped tetraphenylenes and their heterocycle derivatives, mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes and chiral multilayer 3D frameworks, as well as our perspective in this field.
The association of epidermal growth factor variant with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ertugrul Baris , Mohammed Amal , Kasarci Goksu , Bireller Sinem , Ulusan Murat , Cakmakoglu Bedia
Published: September 2023

In this study, our aim was to investigate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and non‐OSCC healthy controls. This case–control study comprised 89 OSCC and 107 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, the genotypes for EGF + 61 A > G (rs4444903) and EGFR R497K (rs2227983) were analyzed. According to the EGF + 61 A > G genotype distribution, individuals with the GG genotype were more prevalent in the OSCC group when compared to the healthy controls. But the AA genotype frequency was significantly higher in the healthy control group. The frequency of G allele carriers was 2.3 times higher than A allele carriers in OSCC patients (p < .001). For the EGFR R497K genotype, there was no significant difference between the OSCC and healthy control groups. Regarding the study results, the G allele of EGF + 61 A > G polymorphism was associated with OSCC. Larger populations and functional investigations should be used to explore the nature of the interaction between EGF and OSCC.
Development of an explicit time integration algorithm based on optimal integration parameter updating
Authors: Fu Zhao‐Yang , Li Hong‐Nan , Li Chao
Published: September 2023

Integration algorithm is an important mean to solve the discrete time equations of structural dynamics in earthquake engineering. In this paper, a new model‐based explicit integration algorithm, featured by optimization‐based integration parameter updating, is developed for a more accurate and efficient solution of structural dynamic problems. The new integration algorithm is designed to yield minimum error and controllable numerical dispersion under the premise of stability by defining objective functions and constraints. Numerical properties of the new integration algorithm are investigated in details using the amplification matrix method for a linear elastic single degree‐of‐freedom system. Meanwhile, representative numerical examples and complex structure examples are analyzed and compared with other representative algorithms. As a result, the proposed algorithm yields comparable numerical characteristics with other methods, but exhibits pronounced superiority in controllable algorithmic dissipation, higher precision, and better efficiency. Therefore, the new integration algorithm possesses extensive application prospect in solving complicated linear and nonlinear structural dynamic problems.
Performance‐based testing specifications for seismic isolators
Authors: Kim Hyun‐myung , Constantinou Michael C.
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a study that determines the conditions of testing for determining the bounding properties of seismic isolators for use in analysis and design in a test that is meant to be a replacement of tests Items 2(a) and 3 of ASCE/SEI‐7. Then separately, the study determines the conditions of testing for determining the adequacy of isolators in the maximum considered earthquake in a test is meant to be a replacement of test Item 4 of ASCE/SEI‐7. The test conditions are determined by performing analyses with models that account for the time‐variant properties of the isolators and by computing the resultant isolator displacements. In performing the work, a large number of isolation systems (total of 96 systems, single friction pendulum, triple friction pendulum and lead‐rubber), three different seismic hazards as measured by the spectral acceleration at the period of one second, and a large collection of bi‐directional ground motions with short‐ and long‐duration characteristics (71 pairs of each duration, 96 systems, three seismic hazards) were considered. Fundamental in this methodology is the use of analysis models in which the properties of the isolators (friction or characteristic strength) are dependent on the instantaneous temperature at the sliding interfaces or in the lead core.
Gypsum‐lined degassing holes in tumuli
Authors: Hofmann Michael H. , Hinman Nancy W. , Phillips Michael , McInenly Michael , Chong‐Diaz Guillermo , Warren‐Rhodes Kimberley , Cabrol Nathalie A.
Published: September 2023

Small, circular holes, lined with a thin gypsum veneer, and closely associated with gypsum tumuli (domes), occur at Salar de Pajonales, a salt flat in the northern Andes, Chile. We propose a model in which the formation of the gypsum‐lined holes, and less commonly the formation of the tumuli itself, is controlled by the unique juxtaposition of physiographic, geologic and hydrologic conditions. On a regional scale, Salar de Pajonales is unusual compared to other salars, as it is located close to a large magmatic inflation centre (Lazufre), lies along strike of major regional structural trends, is a large ephemeral lake and contains high salt concentrations. On a basin scale, the lined holes are only present along strike of lineaments that are directly linked to the local stress regime. In turn, these lineaments control the location of degassing and subsequently the formation of the lined holes in the gypsum tumuli and, in part, the tumuli themselves.
Morphometric analysis of ice scour lakes in Iceland: A proxy for ice sheet dynamics
Authors: Mastro Halley M. , Principato Sarah M. , Sobel Ilana B. , Benediktsson Ívar Örn , Aradóttir Nína
Published: September 2023

Glacial erosion rates on the Iceland landscape throughout the Pleistocene are not well quantified. Ice scour lakes provide an opportunity to investigate glacial erosive activity and relative intensity because they commonly form in areas beneath ice sheets due to intense quarrying. This study evaluates ice scour lake morphology and density as a potential proxy for paleo‐ice flow direction and basal thermal regime for parts of the Iceland Ice Sheet. Using GIS analysis, properties of ice scour lakes are examined in regions that experienced different rates of ice flow during and following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as interpreted from streamlined subglacial landforms. The primary input datasets were topographic, hydrologic and bedrock data. Lake distribution and morphology were quantified for all natural lakes of Iceland (n = 30 169), with close examination of three 400 km2sub‐regions in Vestfirðir (n = 904), Húnaflói (n = 69) and Bakkaheiði (n = 232). Lake distribution parameters include density, packing and centroid elevation. PolyMorph‐2D was used to quantify lake morphology including orientation, area and elongation ratio. Ice scour lake density, packing and elevation were all greatest on Vestfirðir. The high density and packing of lakes across Vestfirðir suggests unique ice dynamics relative to the other two sub‐regions, and multidirectional flow of lake axes supports the presence of an independent ice cap covering Vestfirðir. Differential intensity of glacial erosion interpreted from regions of high and low lake density on Bakkaheiði supports a proposed ice divide in Northeast Iceland. The orientation of lakes align with the flow directions of proposed LGM ice streams in Northern and Northeast Iceland. Ice scour lakes were most elongate on average on Bakkaheiði, which supports fast ice flow. Improving understanding of former ice sheet basal thermal regime and paleo‐ice flow velocity serves to inform modern controls on ice sheet stability and ice sheet basal processes.
Future of education in the era of generative artificial intelligence: Consensus among Chinese scholars on applications of ChatGPT in schools
Authors: Liu Ming , Ren Yiling , Nyagoga Lucy Michael , Stonier Francis , Wu Zhongming , Yu Liang
Published: September 2023

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot that utilizes advanced natural language processing technologies, including large language models, to produce human‐like responses to user queries spanning a wide range of topics from programming to mathematics. As an emerging generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tool, it presents novel opportunities and challenges to the ongoing digital transformation of education. This article employs a systematic review approach to summarize the viewpoints of Chinese scholars and experts regarding the implementation of GAI in education. The research findings indicate that a majority of Chinese scholars support the cautious integration of GAI into education as it serves as a learning tool that offers personalized educational experiences for students. However, it also raises concerns related to academic integrity and the potential hindrance to students' critical thinking skills. Consequently, a framework called DATS, which outlines an optimization path for future GAI applications in schools, is proposed. The framework takes into account the perspectives of four key stakeholders: developers, administrators, teachers, and students.
Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals phenylpropanoid mechanism in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) responding to salt stress at sprout stage
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Shukun , Qin Bin , Sun Hao‐yue , Yuan Xian‐kai , Wang Qi , Xu Junjie , Yin Zhengong , Du Yan‐li , Du Ji‐dao , Li Caihua
Published: September 2023

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds are important legume crops and an important source of dietary proteins and carbohydrates. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to improve salt tolerance in common beans. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted on local common bean variety under salt stress at the sprout stage for a period of 0, 12, and 24 h. Results showed that phenylpropanoid pathways (including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism) and flavonoid pathways (including flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis) played an important role in controlling responses to salt stress as evidenced by analysis of differentially expression genes, common expression patterns, WCGNA, and differentially altered metabolites (DAMs) analyses. In addition, exploration of the activities of 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL), caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), peroxidase (POD), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase (DFR), and flavonol synthase (FLS) further showed that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways participate in plant responses to salt stress. Moreover, the phenylpropanoid pathways and flavonoid pathways were found to be potential pathways regulating plant response to salt stress based on transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The activities of 4CL, CCoAOMT, POD, CHI, DFR, and FLS revealed that these pathways are crucial to the regulation of plant responses to salt stress. These findings provided theoretical basis for further improvement of salt tolerance in common bean.
Effect of enset (Ensete ventricosum) varieties and fermentation time on nutritional compositions, antinutritional factors, functional properties, and sensory acceptance of Bulla
Authors: Bekele Hiwot , Urga Kelbesa , Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Woldegiorgis Ashagrie Zewdu
Published: September 2023

The effect of enset varieties and fermentation time on the nutritional composition, antinutritional content, functional properties, and sensory acceptance of bulla was assessed. Bulla samples were prepared from newly improved enset varieties yanbule, gewada, zereta, and messina and were fermented for 0, 15, and 30 days. The result revealed that bulla prepared from gewada had relatively better values of fat (0.3 g/100 g), fiber (1.04 g/100 g), carbohydrate (97.7 g/100 g), energy (394.2 Kcal), and Fe (2.54 mg/100 g). Yanbule had relatively higher ash content (1.05 g/100 g) and considerably higher Ca (317.9 mg/100 g) than bulla prepared from the other varieties. Mg (56.8 mg/100 g) and Zn (2.3 mg/100 g) were relatively higher in bulla prepared from Messina. A very low level of tannin was detected only for gewada, but high contents of phytate up to 112.5 mg/100 g were obtained. With respect to the functional properties of bulla fermented for 30 days, no significant differences were observed among the varieties except for water absorption capacity. In terms of sensory quality, bulla porridge prepared from yanbule had comparatively higher overall acceptability score (7.6).
Assessment of hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacy, and antioxidative potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and ethanolic extract against PCOS‐induced female albino mice (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Khalid Shakeela , Arshad Muhammad , Raza Komal , Mahmood Shahid , Siddique Farzana , Aziz Nida , Khan Sarfraz , Khalid Waseem , AL‐Farga Ammar , Aqlan Faisal
Published: September 2023

Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant that has anti‐inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, tissue‐protective, and antioxidant activities. Here, we evaluated the protective effect of M. oleifera leaf powder (MoLP) and 70% ethanol M. oleifera leaf extract (MoLE) on mitigating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)‐induced liver and kidney dysfunction via regulating oxidative stress in female albino mice (Mus musculus). The efficacy of M. oleifera was compared with metformin (standard medicine used to treat infertility in women). PCOS was induced by intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate at 1.0 mg/100 g BW for 35 days. PCOS‐induced mice were treated with MoLP (250 and 500 mg/Kg), MoLE (250 and 500 mg/kg), and metformin (250 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Renal function test (RFT), liver function test (LFT), and oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified in serum at 0, 7, and 14 days of intervention. Mice treated with M. oleifera and metformin showed a significant decrease (p < .001) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and a significant increase (p < .001) in total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Oxidative stress decreased significantly (p = .00) with respect to treatments, exposure days, and their interaction in metformin and all M. oleifera‐treated groups. M. oleifera leaf powder and extract reduce oxidative stress and enhance nephron‐hepatic activity in PCOS‐induced female albino mice.
Relationship between molecular markers and important fruit‐related traits in almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb syn. P. amygdalus Batsch) as revealed using multiple regression analysis (MRA)
Authors: Khadivi Ali , Mashhadi Zeinab , Hosseini Akram‐Sadat
Published: September 2023

Almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb syn. P. amygdalus Batsch) is one of the most important nut crops, and its kernel is the edible part that has a high nutritional value and is used in the confectionery and cosmetics industries. The present research aimed to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers associated with important fruit traits in late‐blooming almond genotypes through multiple regression analysis (MRA). The studied genotypes showed significant differences from each other in terms of the measured fruit‐related traits. The ISSR primers used produced a total of 125 bands in the studied germplasm, of which 112 showed polymorphic bands. The RAPD primers produced a total of 190 DNA fragments, of which 172 fragments showed polymorphism among genotypes. Some polymorphic fragments of ISSR and RAPD showed significant correlations with the fruit traits measured. Some of these informative markers were associated with more than one trait, which could be caused by the pleiotropic effects of quantitative trait loci related to each other in different traits. For instance, some of the markers showed significant correlations with both nut weight and kernel weight, which indicates a positive correlation between these two traits. Informative markers identified in this study can be used to select suitable parents for population generation for mapping. It is also useful for selecting superior genotypes, especially when information about their genetic basis, such as a linkage map, is not available.
Untying the Gordian knot of composite hemangioendothelioma: Discovery of novel fusions
Authors: Linos Konstantinos , Dermawan Josephine K. , Pulitzer Melissa , Hameed Meera , Agaram Narasimhan P. , Agaimy Abbas , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: September 2023

Composite hemangioendothelioma is a rare, locally aggressive, and rarely metastasizing vascular neoplasm which affects both children and adults. Recently, a number of gene fusions including YAP1::MAML2, PTBP1::MAML2, and EPC1::PHC2 have been detected in a small subset of cases with or without neuroendocrine expression. Herein, we present four additional cases with novel in‐frame fusions. The cohort comprises two females and two males with a wide age range at diagnosis (24–80 years). Two tumors were deep involving the right brachial plexus and mediastinum, while the remaining were superficial (right plantar foot and abdominal wall). The size ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 cm in greatest dimension. Morphologically, all tumors had an admixture of at least two architectural patterns including retiform hemangioendothelioma, hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, or angiosarcoma. The tumors were positive for endothelial markers CD31 (3/3), ERG (4/4), and D2‐40 (1/4, focal), while SMA was expressed in 2/3 highlighting the surrounding pericytes. Synaptophysin showed immunoreactivity in 2/3 cases. One patient had a local recurrence after 40 months, while two patients had no evidence of disease 4 months post‐resection. Targeted RNA sequencing detected novel in‐frame fusions in each of the cases: HSPG2::FGFR1, YAP1::FOXR1, ACTB::MAML2, and ARID1B::MAML2. The two cases with neuroendocrine expression occurred as superficial lesions and harbored YAP1::FOXR1 and ARID1B::MAML2 fusions. Our study expands on the molecular spectrum of this enigmatic tumor, further enhancing our current understanding of the disease.
A Perspective on Removal of Cyanotoxins from Water Through Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Verma Shilpi , Kumar Praveen , Lavrenčič Štangar Urška
Published: September 2023

This perspective discusses the challenges associated with the removal of cyanotoxins from raw water sources for drinking water treatment and the emergence of sulfate radical‐based advanced oxidation processes (SR‐AOPs) as an effective treatment technique. The advantage of SR‐AOPs is that they can be activated using a variety of methods, including heat, UV radiation, and transition metal catalysts, allowing for greater flexibility in treatment design and optimization. In addition, the byproducts of SR‐AOPs are less harmful than those generated by •OH‐AOPs, which reduces the risk of secondary contamination. SR‐AOPs generate sulfate radicals (SO4•−) that are highly selective to certain organic contaminants and have lower reactivity to background water constituents, resulting in higher efficiency and selectivity of the process. The presence of natural organic matter and transition metals in the natural water body increases the degradation efficiency of SR‐AOPs for the cyanotoxins. The bromate formation is also suppressed when the water contaminated with cyanotoxins is treated with SR‐AOPs.
Cervical precancer and cancer incidence among insured women with and without HIV in South Africa
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Nathalie Verónica , Ruffieux Yann , Haas Andreas D. , Chinogurei Chido , Cornell Morna , Taghavi Katayoun , Egger Matthias , Folb Naomi , Maartens Gary , Rohner Eliane
Published: September 2023

HIV infection increases the risk of developing cervical cancer; however, longitudinal studies in sub‐Saharan Africa comparing cervical cancer rates between women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV are scarce. To address this gap, we compared cervical precancer and cancer incidence rates between WLWH and women without HIV in South Africa using reimbursement claims data from a medical insurance scheme from January 2011 to June 2020. We used Royston‐Parmar flexible parametric survival models to estimate cervical precancer and cancer incidence rates as a continuous function of age, stratified by HIV status. Our study population consisted of 518 048 women, with exclusions based on the endpoint of interest. To analyse cervical cancer incidence, we included 517 312 women, of whom 564 developed cervical cancer. WLWH had an ~3‐fold higher risk of developing cervical precancer and cancer than women without HIV (adjusted hazard ratio for cervical cancer: 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.40‐3.73). For all endpoints of interest, the estimated incidence rates were higher in WLWH than women without HIV. Cervical cancer rates among WLWH increased at early ages and peaked at 49 years (122/100 000 person‐years; 95% CI: 100‐147), whereas, in women without HIV, incidence rates peaked at 56 years (40/100 000 person‐years; 95% CI: 36‐45). Cervical precancer rates peaked in women in their 30s. Analyses of age‐specific cervical cancer rates by HIV status are essential to inform the design of targeted cervical cancer prevention policies in Southern Africa and other regions with a double burden of HIV and cervical cancer.
Clinical pharmacy services at the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games and the sports pharmacist training program
Authors: Kasashi Kumiko , Suzuki Satomi , Sato Ayaka , Kawaguchi‐Suzuki Marina
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Previous studies published on past Olympic and Paralympic Games have reported the role of pharmacists within different disciplines of healthcare services; however, emphasis on their clinical pharmacy services was limited. Furthermore, only a few studies have addressed pharmacists' involvement in sports, with the majority focusing on the organizational and managerial aspects of pharmacies. Sports and other pharmacists are well‐positioned to advise athletes and other healthcare professionals on how to promote and maintain health. Pharmacists should be properly trained in sports medicine.

Methods

To illustrate this point, this review analyzes pharmacy services at polyclinics and medical stations in the athletes' villages at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and shares examples of clinical interventions performed by pharmacists. This review also examines the level of satisfaction with their work and educational programs prior to the games.

Results

These results show that despite coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related complications in the Tokyo 2020 Games, pharmacists appropriately managed infection control, provided anti‐doping‐based pharmacy services, and implemented clinical interventions. As one of intervention results, 268 inquiries from pharmacists to physicians regarding prescriptions were recorded. Among the most common inquiries regarding prescriptions 89 resulted in changes in quantity and 76 resulted in changes in usage. Simultaneously, the questionnaire administered to the volunteer pharmacists showed a high level of satisfaction with their participation as healthcare professionals and with the pre‐Game training, as well as with their gained knowledge. Furthermore, the need for further extensive training related to rules specific to the Olympic and Paralympic Games was identified.

Conclusion

We hope that this review will be useful to future pharmacists pursuing expertise in sports.
Suicide risk profiles among service members and veterans exposed to suicide
Authors: Peterson Amanda , Chen Jason , Bozzay Melanie , Bender Ansley , Chu Carol
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Rates of suicide exposure are high among service members and Veterans and are especially concerning given the link between suicide exposure and subsequent suicide risk. However, to date, it is unclear which individuals who are exposed to suicide are subsequently at high risk for suicide. Latent profile analysis (LPA) can provide information on unique risk profiles and subgroups of service members and Veterans who have higher suicide risk after suicide exposure, which has not yet been empirically studied. The purpose of this study was to utilize LPA to identify subgroups of service members and Veterans who are at the highest risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors following suicide exposure.

Methods

We analyzed data using LPA from 2570 service members and Veterans (82.1% male, 69.5% White, and 12.1% Latino/a/x) who completed the Military Suicide Research Consortium's Common Data Elements, a battery of self‐report suicide‐related measures. Psychopathology, substance use, mental health service utilization, interpersonal theory of suicide, and suicide exposure variables were used to validate classes.

Results

Three latent classes emerged from analyses, one low‐risk class and two‐high risk classes with differing profile compositions (one primarily differentiated by anxiety symptoms and one differentiated by substance use).

Conclusion

Class‐specific recommendations for suicide prevention efforts will be discussed.
Biofactors regulating mitochondrial function and dynamics in podocytes and podocytopathies
Authors: Hejazian Seyyedeh Mina , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Hosseiniyan Khatibi Seyed Mahdi , Rahbar Saadat Yalda , Barzegari Abolfazl , Gueguen Virginie , Meddahi‐Pellé Anne , Anagnostou Fani , Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Pavon‐Djavid Graciela
Published: September 2023

Podocytes are terminally differentiated kidney cells acting as the main gatekeepers of the glomerular filtration barrier; hence, inhibiting proteinuria. Podocytopathies are classified as kidney diseases caused by podocyte damage. Different genetic and environmental risk factors can cause podocyte damage and death. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to podocyte damage. Understanding alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and function in podocytopathies and whether altered mitochondrial homeostasis/dynamics is a cause or effect of podocyte damage are issues that need in‐depth studies. This review highlights the roles of mitochondria and their bioenergetics in podocytes. Then, factors/signalings that regulate mitochondria in podocytes are discussed. After that, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed in podocyte injury and the development of different podocytopathies. Finally, the mitochondrial therapeutic targets are considered.
P‐Glycoprotein‐Mediated Interaction Is a Risk Factor for QT Prolongation in Concomitant Use of Antipsychotics and SSRIs as P‐Glycoprotein‐Mediated Inhibitors: Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
Authors: Morishita Hiroki , Perera Liyanage Manosika Buddhini , Sunakawa Hiroki , Kimura Satsuki , Yoshida Hitoshi , Ogihara Takuo
Published: September 2023

The inhibition of human ether‐a‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) channels is a known cause of QT prolongation triggered by antipsychotic drugs. Our previous studies suggest that P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated drug interactions may lead to increased gastrointestinal absorption of pimozide and its accumulation in cardiomyocytes, thereby enhancing the inhibitory effect of hERG channels. There is a paucity of epidemiological studies examining the risk of QT prolongation by antipsychotic drugs in terms of P‐gp‐mediated interactions with concomitant drugs. Therefore, using the Japanese Adverse Event Reporting Database, we investigated whether the risk of QT prolongation triggered by antipsychotic drugs associated with hERG inhibition is affected by the concomitant use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) associated with P‐gp inhibition. The results showed that the frequency of QT prolongation increased when the antipsychotic drugs quetiapine and sulpiride, which are P‐gp substrates, were combined with SSRIs with P‐gp inhibition. In contrast, no association with QT prolongation was observed in patients on non‐P‐gp‐substrate antipsychotics, irrespective of the P‐gp inhibitory effect of the concomitant SSRI. These results suggest that P‐gp‐mediated interactions are a risk factor for antipsychotic‐induced QT prolongation. There is a need for further investigation into the risks of specific drug combinations.
Synthesis of stable‐isotope‐labeled N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide and N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylurea
Authors: Cao Kai , Brailsford John A. , Bonacorsi Samuel J.
Published: September 2023

N‐(3‐Dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) is a carbodiimide coupling reagent commonly used for the preparation of amides from carboxylic acids and amines. Because of initial concerns regarding the genotoxicity of EDC and its use in GMP syntheses at Bristol Myers Squibb, the quantitation of residual EDC and its by‐product N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethylurea (EDU) by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) impurity analysis was required. These analyses required the use of stable‐isotope‐labeled EDC and EDU to serve as internal standards. To meet this need, stable‐isotope‐labeled EDC 9 and EDU 10 were prepared from [1,2‐13C2] ethylene glycol and [13C,15N] potassium cyanide in overall yields of 6% and 8%, respectively.
Particle swarm optimization‐XGBoost‐based modeling of radio‐frequency power amplifier under different temperatures
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Zhou Shaohua
Published: September 2023

XGBoost is the optimization of gradient boosting with the best overall performance among machine learning algorithms. By introducing a regularization term into the loss function of gradient boosting, XGBoost can effectively limit the complexity of the model, improve the generalization ability, and solve the overfitting problem. In this paper, XGBoost is first introduced into modeling radio‐frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PA) under different temperatures. Furthermore, the modeling effect of XGBoost is mainly dependent on hyperparameters. As traditional grid search is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive, this paper combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) with XGBoost for searching hyperparameters. The experimental results show that XGBoost can effectively suppress the overfitting problem in gradient boosting while modeling RF PAs in different ambient temperatures. In addition, compared to classic machine learning algorithms, including support vector regression (SVR), gradient boosting, and XGBoost, the proposed PSO‐XGBoost can increase the modeling accuracy by one order of magnitude or more while also increasing the modeling speed by more than one magnitude or more. The PSO‐XGBoost model proposed in this paper can be introduced into modeling other microwave/RF devices and circuits to improve modeling accuracy and reduce modeling time.
Crosstalk analysis of twisted bundle of twisted wire pairs (TBTWPs) and star‐quad cables under the effect of inner and outer excitations
Authors: Su Zhizhen , Gassab Oussama , Zhang Jingwei , Chen Yanning , Shao Yali , He Fang , He Fangmin , Meng Jin , Zhou Guohua , Hong Zehong , Zhao Dongyan , Yin Wen‐Yan
Published: September 2023

In this article, deep neural network (DNN) and chain parameter methods are used to analyze the crosstalk coupling of a star‐quad and a twisted bundle of twisted wire pairs (TBTWP) cables for different excitations, respectively. A DNN is used to extract the per‐unit‐length (p.u.l) resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance (RLCG) parameters at any position for the star‐quad and TBTWP cables. The induced common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) currents due to crosstalk are calculated by combining the obtained RLCG parameters with the chain parameter method. The obtained results show good agreement with that of FEKO software. Moreover, it is found that the star‐quad cable can reduce the external coupling more effectively than that of the TBTWP cable. Finally, measurements are performed to further validate the accuracy of our proposed algorithm.
Statistical characteristics and mechanism of the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole
Authors: Guan Yuanhong , Li Yuxin , Zhou Wen , Zou Lanjun , Wang Xiaohong
Published: September 2023

The statistical characteristics and mechanism of the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole (SAOD) from 1980 to 2021 are analysed using observational datasets. The spatial pattern of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) during SAOD is a dipole pattern oriented in the northeast‐southwest direction, and the intensity of the SSTA in the northeast pole (NEP) is stronger than that in the southwest pole (SWP). SAOD has a decadal variability of about 12 years during 1980–2007, along with obvious seasonal phase‐locking, with the anomaly pattern developing in boreal spring (March–May), peaking in summer (June–August) and decaying in autumn (September–November). For a positive SAOD event (positive SSTA in the NEP, negative in the SWP), positive SSTA in the NEP grows due to a decrease in wind speed and thus in latent heat flux loss in boreal spring, as well as an increase in shortwave radiation flux from boreal spring to summer. However, southwesterly wind anomalies drive cold water from high latitudes to the SWP in boreal spring and summer, coupled with strong wind speed anomalies enhancing the loss of latent heat flux, which contributes to a negative SSTA in the SWP. In addition, the intensity of the SSTA in the SWP is weaker than that in the NEP because of the contribution of smaller shortwave radiation flux, sensible heat flux and larger mixed layer depth in the SWP in summer. For a negative SAOD mode (negative SSTA in the NEP, positive in the SWP), the wind, shortwave radiation flux, sensible heat flux and mixed layer depth anomalies are the opposite of those under a positive SAOD event.
An Experimental Comparison of Analogy Representation Effects on Creative Outcomes
Authors: Koronis Georgios , Casakin Hernan , Silva Arlindo
Published: September 2023

This study delved into the structuring of design briefs and investigated the impact of employing visual analogies compared to text analogies. We aimed to contribute to the growing body of research investigating the role of analogies in design problem‐solving. To do this, we conducted a controlled experiment at a university with 135 undergraduate students exploring analogical reasoning under various conditions, with a particular emphasis on identifying the negative aspects of the design problem. The first goal was to explore the potential of visual and text analogies to enhance design creativity outcomes generated in each condition, focusing on the novelty and usefulness of design solutions. The second goal was to verify whether statistical differences occur between the creative outcomes in visual and text analogy conditions. According to our findings, design briefs containing specific instructions for using text or visual analogies yielded highly novel outcomes. However, when text or visual analogies were prompted by statements concerning negative issues of the design problem, more useful outcomes were generated. Finally, negative statements should be considered when the design aims to improve the features of existing solutions.