bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facts Of The Moment: The Study Of News*
Authors: Tuchman Gaye
Published: January 2008

Reviewing past research on news and mass media, this article charges it is “administrative” research which accepts the presuppositions of the media being studied, particularly their emphasis on “facts” as discrete and objective phenomena. It also suggests that there are epistemological problems implicit in such concepts as “bias” and “refraction” used in gate‐keeping studies. The article offers an alternative paradigm, described as “serious work on the sociology of knowledge as a junction with the sociologies of organizations and occupations and professions.” Some studies using that paradigm are described.
VICTORY CELEBRATIONS AS THEATER: A DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH TO CROWD BEHAVIOR*
Authors: Snow David A. , Zurcher Louis A. , Peters Robert
Published: January 2008

Drawing on data derived from a field study of victory celebrations, this paper suggests a dramaturgical approach to crowd behavior. Existing theories of crowd behavior are either contradicted by the field data or do not adequately account for the heterogeneity of activity observed, for the interaction between the various categories of participants, or for the shifts in the behavior of the participants and the resultant change in the character of the celebrations. Subsequent analysis indicates that the victory crowds are best understood from a dramaturgical standpoint. Several theoretical, conceptual, and research implications of a dramaturgical approach to crowd behavior are suggested and discussed. The paper concludes with an expanded conception of crowd behavior, one which emphasizes its spatial and temporal as well as interactional dimensions.
George Herbert Mead on Intelligent Social Reconstruction*
Authors: Campbell James
Published: January 2008

Many thinkers have discussed the possibility of intelligent social reconstruction; but few have examined the nature of such reconstruction as closely as did George Herbert Mead. This paper explores Mead's analysis through his understanding of human nature and intelligence, his discussion of value conflicts and the possibility of their resolution by means of the community, and his recognition of the need for popular commitment as a necessary condition for any wide‐spread success. While pointing to certain problems with his position, this paper concludes that there is a basic soundness to Mead's approach.
Some Consequences of the Meadian Self*
Authors: Bolton Charles D.
Published: January 2008

Mead's conception of the self is analyzed as an internal interaction process, with the “I” viewed as taking perspectives rather than being simply a biologic response. Conceptualizing the self as an intrapersonal process of interaction from differentiated perspectives permits a better understanding of false fronting, autonomy, and creativity. Emergence theory allows us to take a Phenomenological view of the self. Several levels of consciousness in Mead's theory are analyzed, and connections with Berger and Luckmann's conceptions of objectivation and the symbolic universe are suggested.
History Interrupted: Life after Material Death in South Vietnamese and Diasporic Works of Fiction
Authors: Thu-Hương Nguyễn-Võõ
Published: January 2008

The article uses Derrida's spectrality to look at magical realism in South Vietnamese and diasporic literature in Vietnamese. Diasporic literature has been said to be either a simple extension of literature from the Republic of Vietnam or a drastic break, with its prevalent use of magic. The article argues instead that the very disruption of the history of the South is the creative force behind both. It is the death of the South foretold that animated Republican writing. And it is the death of the South that forces the symbolization of history in the new global economic context of diasporic fiction.
Quantifying Poverty in Viet Nam: Who Counts?
Authors: Pincus Jonathan , Sender John
Published: January 2008

Poverty surveys in Vietnam systematically exclude mobile people, particularly migrants in wage employment. The Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) and its predecessors sample from official population lists and thus leave out individuals lacking permanent residence status. Moreover, VHLSS overemphasizes expenditure data and omits critical information on labor market participation. The article presents results from a small survey of wage workers in VHLSS enumeration areas. The study demonstrates that unregistered wage workers are numerous and likely underrepresented in official surveys. More information is needed on these workers if we are to understand poverty dynamics in Vietnam.
Protest and Political Incorporation: Vietnamese American Protests in Orange County, California, 1975––2001
Authors: ÔÔng Như-Ngọc T. , Meyer David S.
Published: January 2008

Protest has become a useful window for examining all sorts of broader political phenomena. Using event data from newspaper reports, we trace protest by Vietnamese Americans since the first major wave of immigration. By looking at the issues, tactics, and development of protest within the Vietnamese American community in Orange County, California, we get a view of the development and incorporation of that community into contemporary American politics.
Peso ao nascer e síndrome metabólica em adultos: meta-análise
Authors: Silveira Vera Maria Freitas da , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Analisar as evidências na literatura do efeito do peso ao nascer sobre a ocorrência de síndrome metabólica em adultos. MÉTODOS: Foram pesquisados nas bases PubMed and LILACS, no período de 1966 a maio de 2006, artigos publicados usando os seguintes descritores: "birth weight" , "birthweight" , "intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR)", "fetal growth retardation", "metabolic syndrome", "syndrome X", "Reaven's X syndrome". Foram selecionados 224 estudos considerados elegíveis que relatavam estimativas de associação entre peso ao nascer e síndrome metabólica ou seus componentes. Desses, 11 apresentavam razões de odds e foram usados na meta-análise. RESULTADOS: Com exceção de dois estudos, os demais relataram associação inversa entre peso ao nascer e síndrome metabólica. Comparadas com pessoas de peso normal, a razão de odds do efeito combinado naquelas que nasceram com baixo peso foi de 2,53 (IC 95%: 1,57;4,08). O gráfico de funil sugere viés de publicação e o resultado permanece estatisticamente significativo mesmo em estudos com mais de 400 pessoas (efeito combinado 2,37; IC 95%: 1,15;4,90). CONCLUSÕES: Baixo peso ao nascer aumenta o risco de síndrome metabólica na idade adulta.
Percepção da depressão pela população da cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Peluso Érica de Toledo Piza , Blay Sérgio Luís
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Avaliar como a população identifica os sintomas de depressão e suas causas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado inquérito domiciliar em 2002 com amostra probabilística de 500 indivíduos residentes em São Paulo, com idade entre 18 e 65 anos. Foi aplicado questionário estruturado que incluía dados sociodemográficos e apresentação de vinheta que descrevia uma pessoa com depressão, segundo o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV e a Classificação Internacional de Doenças-10. A seguir, eram respondidas duas questões sobre a identificação dos sintomas da vinheta. A atribuição de causas foi avaliada mediante apresentação de 18 possíveis causas. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de regressão logística e análise de variância. RESULTADOS: Os sintomas apresentados foram identificados como "depressão" por menos da metade da amostra. Cerca de 20% dos entrevistados acreditaram tratar-se de doença mental. Baixa escolaridade foi a única variável associada à identificação como doença mental (OR=2,001, IC 95%: 1,275;3,141, p=0,003). As causas consideradas mais relevantes foram "desemprego" e "isolamento". Causas biológicas, espirituais e morais foram tidas como menos relevantes. Os determinantes associados às respostas sobre causas foram escolaridade, sexo, experiência pessoal com problemas mentais e identificação como doença mental. CONCLUSÕES: A população de São Paulo em geral e as pessoas com maior escolaridade em particular apresentam um modelo psicossocial de depressão que se afasta do modelo biomédico.
Medidas de morbidade referida e inter-relações com dimensões de saúde
Authors: Theme Filha Mariza Miranda , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann , Souza Junior Paulo Roberto Borges de
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Analisar as inter-relações entre auto-avaliação de saúde, percepção de doença de longa duração e diagnóstico de doenças crônicas. MÉTODOS: Na Pesquisa Mundial de Saúde, realizada no Brasil em 2003, foram entrevistados 5.000 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais, selecionados a partir de amostra estratificada em três estágios. Foi utilizado o questionário original adaptado ao contexto brasileiro, abordando a presença de doença de longa duração ou incapacidade, a auto-avaliação de saúde (geral e dos vários domínios) e o diagnóstico de seis doenças crônicas (artrite, angina, asma, depressão, esquizofrenia e diabetes mellitus). Para comparar as relações entre a auto-avaliação de saúde, percepção de doença de longa duração e as doenças crônicas avaliadas foram utilizados teste estatístico de homogeneidade de proporções e modelos de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: A auto-avaliação de saúde "não boa" e a percepção de ser portador de doença de longa duração foram significativamente mais freqüentes entre mulheres, indivíduos com 50 anos ou mais e aqueles com alguma das doenças pesquisadas. Os entrevistados com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus apresentaram as piores avaliações de saúde: 70,9% referiram doença de longa duração e 79,3% avaliaram sua saúde como "não boa". Verificou-se pior avaliação de saúde com a associação de duas ou mais doenças. O efeito da auto-avaliação de saúde sobre a percepção de doença de longa duração foi maior que o número de doenças. CONCLUSÕES: As três formas de aferição da morbidade mostraram inter-relações significativas. A auto-avaliação de saúde "não boa" apresentou efeito mais importante para a percepção de doença de longa duração, sugerindo que as medidas subjetivas do estado de saúde possam ser mais sensíveis para estabelecer e monitorar o bem-estar do indivíduo.
Desempenho da solicitação do perfil lipídico entre os setores público e privado
Authors: Duro Luciano N. , Assunção Maria Cecília , Costa Juvenal Soares Dias da , Santos Iná S.
Published: January 2008

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho do rastreio do perfil lipídico conforme o financiamento da consulta médica - setores público e privado. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostragem em múltiplos estágios, incluindo 3.136 adultos (> 20 anos) de Pelotas, Brasil, 2006. Foram calculados: cobertura (proporção de indivíduos rastreados entre aqueles com indicação de rastreio), foco (proporção de indivíduos com indicação entre os rastreados), erros de rastreio (sobre-rastreio: exames em indivíduos sem indicação, e sub-rastreio: não solicitação entre indivíduos com risco) e razão de rastreio (razão entre número de rastreados que atendiam aos critérios e número dos que não atendiam). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado e intervalos de confiança de 95% foram estimados para os parâmetros avaliados. RESULTADOS: A cobertura geral foi 73,0% (IC 95%: 70,8;75,2) e o foco 67,2% (IC 95%: 64,7;69,3). O setor público teve, em relação ao privado/convênio, menor cobertura (65,2% versus 82,2%; p<0,001), foco maior (74,7% versus 62,3%; p<0,001), sobre-rastreio menor (33,1% versus 56,4%; p<0,0001) e sub-rastreio maior (34,8% versus 17,8%; p<0,0001). A razão de rastreio foi maior no setor público (1,97) que no privado/convênio (1,46). CONCLUSÕES: A avaliação da adequação da solicitação do perfil lipídico na população pode fornecer informações importantes sobre o cumprimento de protocolos de rastreamento e acompanhamento das dislipidemias em diferentes sistemas de saúde e, dentro de um mesmo sistema, com formas diferentes de financiamento. Avaliações desse tipo proporcionam oportunidade de diagnosticar desigualdades e planejar ações que garantam maior eqüidade no cuidado.
Perfil dos fumantes que não buscam tratamento para deixar de fumar, município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Szklo André Salem , Otero Ubirani Barros
Published: January 2008

É fundamental compreender que os fumantes não são iguais e que determinados fumantes precisam ser conquistados como "potenciais clientes" de programas de intervenção voltados às suas necessidades específicas. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os perfis de fumantes recrutados para um estudo de intervenção para cessação de fumar com os da população geral de fumantes no município do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos 2002-2003. As heterogeneidades encontradas indicam que diferentes estratégias de captação associadas às intervenções existentes devem ser elaboradas para motivar o maior e mais diversificado número possível de indivíduos elegíveis.
Outbreak of persistent cutaneous abscesses due to Mycobacterium chelonae after mesotherapy sessions, Lima, Peru
Authors: Munayco César V , Grijalva Carlos G , Culqui Dante R , Bolarte José L , Suárez-Ognio Luis A , Quispe Neyda , Calderon Roger , Ascencios Luis , Del Solar Manuel , Salomón Martín , Bravo Francisco , Gotuzzo Eduardo
Published: January 2008

Outbreaks of rapidly growing mycobacteria have been occasionally described. The article reports an outbreak of cutaneous abscesses due to Mycobacterium chelonae following mesotherapy in Lima, Peru. From December 2004 through January 2005, 35 subjects who had participated in mesotherapy training sessions presented with persistent cutaneous abscesses. Thirteen (37%) of these suspected cases consented to underwent clinical examination. Skin punch-biopsies were collected from suspicious lesions and substances injected during mesotherapy were analyzed. Suspected cases were mainly young women and lesions included subcutaneous nodules, abscesses and ulcers. Mycobacterium chelonae was isolated from four patients and from a procaine vial. In conclusion, it is important to consider mesotherapy as a potential source of rapidly growing mycobacteria infections.
Helmintos em caixas de areia em creches da cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
Authors: Araújo Núbia da Silva , Rodrigues Cristiane Teixeira , Cury Márcia Cristina
Published: January 2008

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a presença de helmintos em caixas de areia de creches públicas e privadas da cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais em 2005. Foram selecionadas 14 creches particulares e 14 públicas que possuíam área de lazer. As coletas foram realizadas em duas estações do ano, uma na seca e a segunda na chuvosa. As amostras foram analisadas pelos métodos de Willis e Baermann. Na primeira coleta 17 (61%) creches foram positivas para larvas e 14 (50%) para ovos de helmintos e na segunda, em 18 (64%) e 10 (36%), respectivamente. Não foi observada influência da estação climática e da situação socioeconômica das creches.
Uso de medicinas alternativas e complementares por pacientes com câncer: revisão sistemática
Authors: Spadacio Cristiane , Barros Nelson Filice de
Published: January 2008

O interesse no tema das medicinas alternativas e complementares tem aumentado, principalmente entre pacientes oncológicos. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura na base de dados PubMed sobre o perfil dos pacientes que optam pelo uso dessas medicinas e suas motivações. As palavras-chaves utilizadas na busca foram "cancer and complementary alternative medicine" e "oncology and complementary alternative medicine", no período 1995-2005. Os critérios de seleção foram: presença dos descritores no título dos artigos, idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol e terem sido realizados em população adulta. A partir de 43 artigos analisados, concluiu-se que a utilização de medicinas alternativas e complementares é parte do escopo social desses pacientes. Seu uso é importante na construção da identidade de pacientes com câncer, ajudando-os nas decisões em relação ao tratamento convencional.
Three Statistical Pitfalls of Phi-K Transforms
Authors: Delfiner Pierre
Published: January 2008

Phi-k transforms are used widely to predict permeability. Some of the difficulties of this exercise are well identified, such as the homogeneity of the population (rock typing), the matching of cores and logs (especially depth matching), and the problem of permeability upscaling. Not so well-known, however, are the pitfalls of a statistical and geostatistical nature that may create significant biases—always in the same direction—an underestimation of permeability.

The passage from Phi to k is performed in three steps: (1) in cored wells, an exponential regression equation is established between core porosity and core permeability k; (2) in uncored wells, log porosity is used instead as input to predict permeability; and (3) the same equation is sometimes used again to populate the cells of a dynamic reservoir model in 3D, where input porosity values are obtained by interpolation.

The core-scale regression equation generally underestimates permeability by at least a factor of 2. The origin of the bias lies in the reverse transformation from logarithmic to arithmetic scale. To avoid this pitfall, a new permeability estimator is proposed, based on the quantile curves of the Phi-k crossplot. This estimator is data driven and does not assume a priori any particular functional relationship between Phi and k, such as an exponential-regression function.

One of the simplest diagnostic tools to check the agreement between log and core porosity is a crossplot of one against the other. In the absence of bias, the points are expected to be distributed along the y = x line. In reality, they either are or they are not, according to which variable is plotted along the x-axis. This apparent paradox is elucidated by bivariate regression theory and related to the difference of investigated volume between core and log data.

Direct input of upscaled cell porosity into an exponential core-scale permeability transform amounts to forcing geometric permeability averaging, which may again lead to serious underestimation of the true upscaled permeability when heterogeneity is significant.
Full Blocking Mechanism of Polymer Gels for Water Control
Authors: van der Hoek Jeroen E. , Botermans Wouter , Zitha Pacelli L. J.
Published: January 2008

The placement of polymer gels in water producing reservoir layers is one of the chemical options to reduce or totally shutoff water production. A correct determination of the optimum placement depth of the polymer gel treatment requires understanding of gel strength behavior when it is subjected to a pressure difference during production.

This paper reports a study on the behavior of an organically crosslinked polymer system in porous media. The work includes experiments and a mathematical model. The experiments were performed using natural sandstone cores at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C. The gel strength was determined under different conditions (gel composition, permeability, temperature and treatment volume). Also the behavior of the gel before and after gel failure was studied.

The data was successfully interpreted considering three main effects: (a) gel compressibility, (b) micro-flow through the porous gel and porous medium and (c) post-failure macroflow. The model takes into account the above three effects and is solved analytically to yield an expression of the evolution of the pressure, which is in excellent agreement with the experiments.
Effective Control Of Vertical Fracture Growth By Placement Of An Artificial Barrier (Bottom Screen Out) In An Exploratory Well
Authors: Garcia D. G. , Prioletta A. , Kruse G. F.
Published: January 2008

This operation was designed out of a need for hydraulic stimulation - whithno height increase - in a highly homogeneous medium with a water table (SierrasBlancas Formation, YPF.Nq.Bco x-3 ST well). From this, an artificial lowerbarrier was placed to control growth in the direction of the water and acrosslinked gel pad was pumped (followed by sand concentrations carried by alinear gel for sand settling) to give rise -upon fracture closure - to adehydrated gel zone of poor permeability. Furthermore, a water inhibitor wasused as an additive for improved water control. Furthermore, a water inhibitorwas used as an additive for improved water control.

As an additional advantage, Bottom Screen Out (BSO) pumping might result inan increased fracture length which in turn would lead to a better productionresponse from stimulation, a "sine qua non" condition in lowpermeability reservoirs.
Completion and Well Performance Results, Genesis Field, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Pourciau Robert D. , Fisk Jill H. , Descant Frank J. , Waltman R. Bart
Published: January 2008

The Genesis project was ChevronTexaco's first Gulf of Mexico deepwater development project and the first industry project to utilize spar technology for drilling, completion, and production operations. This paper discusses the unique results and lessons learned through the first four years of the Genesis project in the areas of integrated teams, organizational learning, spar operations, completion practices, well performance, and reservoir management.
Reservoir Description of the Area Mayor de Socororo, Eastern Venezuela
Authors: Capello Maria Angela , Patiño M. Jesús R. , Soto R. Carlos M. , Ramos Lya
Published: January 2008

A summary of the reservoir description of the Area Mayor de Socororo, in eastern Venezuela, is presented, based on the available database (June 2003). A summary of the Development Plan for the area is also included, in order to show the oil and gas production volumes expected during the 20-year operations agreement signed between Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. with a prominent Venezuelan university, the Universidad Central de Venezuela.

The budget approved for the development of the field is 67 MMUS$ for investments and 170 MMUS$ for operations, for a total 237 MMUS$. The OOIP is 418 MMSTB and the OGIP is 0,278 TCF. Volumes of 50 MMSTB and 0,085 TCF of gas are expected to be recovered, with a NPV of 20 MM$ for the operator, after taxes and royalties. The area under study covers a surface of 270 km2, in the immediacies of Pariaguán and El Pao towns, in Estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. The Development Plan considers the drilling of 42 new wells and reactivation of 20 idle wells, adapting and expanding the production facilities to manage an oil production rate of some 12.000 barrels of oil per day in a 20-year timeframe.
Further Evaluation of Microbial Treatment Technology for Improved Oil Production in Bokor Field, Sarawak
Authors: Sabut Bangkong , Salim Mat Ali Hj. , Hamid Ahmad Sharby A. , Khor S. F.
Published: January 2008

This paper depicts the laboratory results as well as the well production performances of five oil wells that were treated with microbial technology using ‘huff & puff’ method. It is the second microbial stimulation project in Bokor field after the pilot project implemented in July 20001.

However, in this project the wells selected for the treatment were not very much depleted as compared to the three pilot wells, which were very much depleted in their production.

Several types of laboratory analyses conducted on the crude oil samples showed encouraging results in favour of this technology whereby there is an improvement in crude oil flow characteristic. This is due to the degradation of heavy molecular weight into lighter hydrocarbons upon reaction with the microbes. Crude oil rheological study conducted on post-treatment samples concluded an enhancement in crude oil mobility in a majority of the wells treated. A reduction in the emulsion stability of the crude was also observed after treatment.

Post treatment production performance monitoring for all the five wells have shown positive response to treatment with better oil gained per well. Collectively, the five wells produced an average of 111 bopd per well of incremental oil, compared to 90 bopd per well incremental in the pilot project over five months post treatment monitoring period. Nonetheless, these favourable results were largely overshadowed by the high variability between good responding wells and the poor responding wells. Detail explanations to describe the well responses due to treatment were provided based on laboratory analyses results and well production performances.
A Geomechanical Modeling Approach In Deep Horizontal Well Development Designs
Authors: Arifin Arifin , Arta Prama , Castillo David
Published: January 2008

Knowledge of a well-constrained geomechanical model provides valuable information for designing development wells more efficiently for drilling and completion in a mature gas field. This paper presents results of a recent geomechanical analysis designed to evaluate reservoir and overburden rock behavior in order to drill horizontal wells in Badak field, VICO Indonesia’s largest gas fields.

During development of the geomechanical model, an enormous effort focused on maximizing the use of available information from all the Badak wells in the field. Data included open hole logs, core data, pore pressure data, minifrac data, high-resolution image logs, previous drilling experiences and regional studies. The synthesis of this data resulted in a well-constrained geomechanical model that could explain the previously unsuccessful and problematic horizontal and vertical wells; but more importantly, it provided the needed information to predict well performances for future designs that minimize the risks associated with future horizontal wells. VICO has implemented this geomechanical approach to designing and drilling wells as part of VICO’s low permeability development program. A deep horizontal well has successfully drilled to the main target using geomechanical modeling information.
Case Study: Abnormal Drillstring Wash-out and Fatigue Experienced when Drilling Hazardous Formation in Iranian Oil Field
Authors: Abdollahi J. , Skalle P.
Published: January 2008

High frequency of wash-outs and cracks in drillstring has been experienced in a specific formation in oil fields located in the Southern part of Iran. The rig time consumed on this challenge was high due to time spent on replacing damaged pipes. In a few cases fishing operations were necessary to recover twisted off drillstrings. The majority of drillstring failures happened during top hole drilling (17-1/2" hole section). So far several solutions have been tried out to overcome the drillstring failure, which to some extent has decreased the washout frequency.

In this work we tried to define the challenge as precisely as possible; where, how and why the problem occurred. The state-of-the-art with respect to cause/solution to pipe washouts is included in the paper. Possible reasons and practical solutions to this challenge are evaluated.

Analysis of relevant factors that affect drillstring failure revealed that drillstring vibration in torsional mode is the most probable factor to induce drillstring failure in the hazard formation. This factor is therefore discussed in detail. Inasmuch as the failure occurred just in one particular formation, the lithology that induced vibration is another factor that was investigated and analyzed in this study. The complete understanding of the cause of the problem has however still not been reached.
Prediction of the Hydrocarbon Saturation in Low Resistivity Formation via Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Shokir E. M. El-M.
Published: January 2008

The major problem that concerns log analysts is their interpretation for shaly formations. The previous models that were used to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation in shaly formation revealed a wide area of discrepancies. Shaly sand models based on shale volume fraction (Vsh) fail to consistently predict representative values of hydrocarbon saturation from wire line data. Cation exchange capacity-based models require laboratory-determined concentration of sodium exchange cation associated with clay (Qv) value which is not commonly available to the log analyst. In addition, different laboratory techniques are found to yield different Qv values for the same core sample. Moreover, Louisiana State University (LSU ) model is very complex in their calculation and depends on the determination of Qv by using a complicated technique. Also, the theoretical model such as Berg's model, use a repeated complicated iteration technique. Therefore, a new shaly model is presented named ANN's model. It is built a non-linear model to predict water saturation as a function of conventional well logs. The neural network was trained and tested over a wide range of Bahariya formation, which characterized by high clay content. The resulting models provide an excellent correlation between the inputs and outputs. The accuracy of results derived from the ANN's model is highly exceeds that of the previously published shaly sand models. In general, an ANN's model displayed a correlation coefficient of 0.9968 where 1.0 is a perfect match. Moreover, maximum absolute error of less than two percent were observed.
An Operator's Targeted Development of Low-Cost 3D Rotary Steerable Systems
Authors: Travis John T. (Tim) , Moss Jeff H. , Browning Greg M.
Published: January 2008

The many benefits of 3Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems (3D RSS) are well documented.1 ExxonMobil Development Company (EMDC) Drilling continues to expand utilization of 3D RSS in our daily drilling operations.

Our worldwide drilling operations include a variety of well architectures in both the high cost (deepwater) and low cost (platform/land) markets. Due to the high price of the current systems on the market, we are unable to justify the use of these systems in our lower cost wells. Lost-In-Hole costs of these systems can also easily exceed the total well Authorization For Expenditure (AFE) and further limit applications.

However, the low cost market would benefit from the higher Rates Of Penetration (ROP) and reduced risk through:

Improved hole cleaning Reduced wellbore tortuosity More efficient directional control

This paper describes the strategy EMDC Drilling used to identify promising lower priced systems and our efforts to assist these systems in entering the market.
Lessons Learned from Mature Carbonates for Application to Middle East Fields
Authors: Wilkinson J. R. , Genetti D. B. , Henning G. T. , Broomhall R. W. , Lawrence J. J.
Published: January 2008

Some of the key challenges facing producing organizations are to increase recovery from existing fields and to optimize the utilization and value of existing infrastructure. The Middle East is uniquely positioned to help supply world energy demand through efficient application of secondary and tertiary recovery techniques in super-giant carbonate reservoirs. Three long-life carbonate fields in the USA are offered as examples of the benefits achieved by a continuous process of data collection, studies, and systematic application of available technologies. This continuous process has progressively increased ultimate recovery. The example fields will achieve a range of incremental increases in the recovery factor of between 8 and 20 percent original oil-in-place (% OOIP) or up to 50% OOIP increase over conventional primary recovery. A systematic and integrated approach to reservoir management has been employed to understand the basic rock and fluid physics of each reservoir and the key parameters that impact performance. The development plan for each of the example fields has then been implemented in a way that maximizes both hydrocarbon recovery and value of the assets while utilizing best available technologies. The Jay Field, in the southeastern United States is a deep, heterogeneous, carbonate that was discovered and put on production in the 1970's. The field is geologically complex, including cemented zones associated with stylolites that restrict vertical flow. Using sophisticated 3D-geostatistical models and advanced reservoir simulation, we were able to optimize the performance of both a waterflood and a miscible nitrogen (N2) flood over the field life. As a result, we expect to achieve a recovery of more than 60% OOIP. Currently, the field has produced over 50% OOIP.The Salt Creek Field in West Texas is a carbonate that provides an example of the benefits of successive implementation of infill drilling and improved recovery processes to increase recovery. Acquired in the late 1970's, the field was the subject of two infill-drilling programs and development of a flank residual oil zone (ROZ). Studies were conducted to balance injection and withdrawal and to better understand the complex stratigraphy. The field is expected to achieve a recovery factor of greater than 60% OOIP using a carbon dioxide (CO2) water-alternating-gas (WAG) process. Currently, the field has produced over 50% OOIP.The Means Field in West Texas is a carbonate with low permeability and high viscosity oil and an underlying aquifer. An infill-drilling program, improved waterflood, and a CO2 WAG flood in a portion of the field significantly increased recovery. The field is expected to achieve a recovery factor of about 45% OOIP within the CO2 project area. Currently, the field has produced over 30% OOIP.

Lessons learned are summarized and a process is recommended to address the challenges of improving recovery from similar Middle Eastern carbonate fields.
Rock Typing as an Effective Tool for Permeability and Water-Saturation Modeling: A Case Study in a Clastic Reservoir in the Oriente Basin
Authors: Guo Genliang , Diaz Marlon A. , Paz Francisco , Smalley Joe , Waninger Eric A.
Published: January 2008

In clastic reservoirs in the Oriente basin, South America, the rock-quality index (RQI) and flow-zone indicator (FZI) have proved to be effective techniques for rock-type classifications. It has long been recognized that excellent permeability/porosity relationships can be obtained once the conventional core data are grouped according to their rock types. Furthermore, it was also observed from this study that the capillary pressure curves, as well as the relative permeability curves, show close relationships with the defined rock types in the basin. These results lead us to believe that if the rock type is defined properly, then a realistic permeability model, a unique set of relative permeability curves, and a consistent J function can be developed for a given rock type. The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the procedure for implementing this technique in our reservoir modeling.

First, conventional core data were used to define the rock types for the cored intervals. The wireline log measurements at the cored depths were extracted, normalized, and subsequently analyzed together with the calculated rock types. A mathematical model was then built to predict the rock type in uncored intervals and in uncored wells. This allows the generation of a synthetic rock-type log for all wells with modern log suites. Geostatistical techniques can then be used to populate the rock type throughout a reservoir.

After rock type and porosity are populated properly, the permeability can be estimated by use of the unique permeability/porosity relationship for a given rock type. The initial water saturation for a reservoir can be estimated subsequently by use of the corresponding rock-type, porosity, and permeability models as well as the rock-type-based J functions. We observed that a global permeability multiplier became unnecessary in our reservoir-simulation models when the permeability model is constructed with this technique. Consistent initial-water-saturation models (i.e., calculated and log-measured water saturations are in excellent agreement) can be obtained when the proper J function is used for a given rock type. As a result, the uncertainty associated with volumetric calculations is greatly reduced as a more accurate initial-water-saturation model is used. The true dynamic characteristics (i.e., the flow capacity) of the reservoir are captured in the reservoir-simulation model when a more reliable permeability model is used.
A Right Atrial Hemangioma Mimicking Thrombus In A Patient With Atrial Arrhythmias
Authors: Alpesh A. Patel , Ebere O. Chukwu , Daniel S. Swerdloff , Vivek Bhatt , Stuart O Schecter , Anastasia Anagnostopoulos , Aasha S. Gopal
Published: January 2008

Cardiac hemangiomas are rare tumors, accounting for only 2.8% of all benign primary cardiac tumors and occur at any age. Clinical presentations vary depending on the tumor location (myocardial, endocardial or pericardial). In many cases, this may be an incidental finding. We report the case of a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who had a right atrial hemangioma detected with transesophageal echocardiography prior to having percutaneous pulmonary vein isolation performed
New Family, New Genus, New Species of Acanthocephala (Echinorhynchida) from the Lizard, Sphenomorphus granulatus (Sauria: Scincidae), from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles R. , Goldberg Stephen R. , Kraus Fred
Published: January 2008

Sauracanthorhynchus sphenomorphicola n. gen., n. sp. from the intestines of the skink Sphenomorphus granulatus
(Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated. Sauracanthorhynchus sphenomorphicola is characterized
by a subterminal, spheroid proboscis supporting 25 hooks arranged in 10 alternating longitudinal rows of 2 and 3;
apical hooks slightly shorter than medial and posterior hooks. The trunk is commaform with an anterior expansion; 2 contiguous
ovoid testes are located in the anterior third of the trunk. Sauracanthorhynchus sphenomorphicola is sufficiently
different from other species assigned to the Echinorhynchida that a new family, Sauracanthorhynchidae is erected for it.
ACE I/D polymorphism in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Trebunova Marianna , Slaba Eva , Habalova Viera , Gdovinova Zuzana
Published: January 2008

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been reported to show altered activity in patients with neurological diseases. The recent studies found that a 287 bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene may be associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the results have been heterogenous between studies in Europe. In the present study we examined for the first time the association of ACE I/D polymorphism along with APOE genotype in 70 sporadic AD and 126 control subjects in Slovak Caucasians (Central Europe). An increased risk for AD was observed in subjects with at least one APOE*E4 allele (OR=3.99, 95% CI=1.97–8.08). No significant differences for the genotype distribution or the allele frequency were revealed comparing controls and patients for ACE gene. Gene-gene interaction analysis showed increase of the risk to develop AD in subjects carrying both the ACE DD genotype and the APOE*E4 allele (OR=10.32, 95% C.I. 2.67–39.81).
The Treatment of Unstable Ankle Fractures in Patients over Eighty Years of Age
Authors: Fong Winston , Acevedo Jorge I. , Stone Ross G. , Mizel Mark S.
Published: January 2008

Background: The current study examined the outcomes of operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures in patients at least 80 years old at the time of injury. Methods: Of 2,682 patients who presented for treatment of ankle fractures, 17 patients met the study criteria. These patients had open reduction and internal fixation after sustaining 15 closed and two open unstable ankle fractures. There were 11 type B fractures and six type C fractures by the Danis-Weber classification, and 12 supination-external rotation and five pronation-external rotation fractures by the Laugen-Hansen classification systems. Results: When noncompliant patients who developed complications were removed from analysis, the fixation failure and deep infection rates were 0% each. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of patient compliance and nonweight-bearing status in the treatment of ankle fractures in patients over 80 years.
Correction of Valgus Second Toe by Closing Wedge Osteotomy of the Proximal Phalanx
Authors: Kilmartin Timothy E. , O'Kane Claire
Published: January 2008

Background: Valgus deviation of the second toe can be associated with metatarsophalangeal joint pain, footwear fitting problems, and cosmetic concerns. It also reduces the buttress effect of the second toe on the hallux and may allow progression of hallux valgus. The traditional operative approaches for digital arthrodesis or lesser metatarsal osteotomy have unpredictable results. Methods: This study reviewed the effect of a closing wedge osteotomy on the proximal phalanx in 26 women with an average age of 59 years (SD 10) who had a valgus second toe. The patients had weightbearing radiographs preoperatively and at an average 28 months postoperatively. Clinical examination assessed for floating toe, range of metatarsophalangeal joint motion, and patient satisfaction. Results: Before surgery the average second toe valgus angle measured 28 degrees and at final review this had reduced to 14 degrees ( p < 0.001). Postop-eratively, the average range of dorsiflexion of the digit was 42 degrees (SD 20). The average plantarflexion was 16 degrees (SD 10). Floating of the digit was noted in five patients and recurrrence of the deformity in four patients. Nineteen patients (73%) were completely satisfied with the outcome of their surgery, seven were satisfied with reservations, and no patient was dissatisfied. Twenty five patients (96%) considered their second toe to be better than before the operation. Conclusions: Closing wedge osteotomy of the second toe is technically simple, reasonably safe, and relatively effective for valgus deformity of the second toe. Recurrence of the second toe valgus usually was associated with recurrence of hallux valgus.
Preoperative Lateral Popliteal Nerve Block for Intraoperative and Postoperative Pain Control in Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Grosser Dawn M. , Herr Mark J. , Claridge Richard J. , Barker Lloyd G.
Published: January 2008

Background: Limiting postoperative pain and minimizing systemic narcotic complications are important considerations in foot and ankle surgery to maximize patient comfort and promote early discharge from the hospital. Nerve blocks are valuable additions to perioperative care. A variety of nerve blocks have been advocated, but few reports have evaluated a preoperative supine approach for popliteal block in foot and ankle surgery. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of a preoperative popliteal block in 25 consecutive patients undergoing a variety of foot and ankle procedures, as well as the length of block coverage, patient satisfaction, and any complications. Patients were monitored clinically and by a questionnaire at various time increments: preoperatively, in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), postoperative day one, and postoperative week one. Results: Postoperatively, 15 of 25 patients had a complete block (motor and sensory), five of 25 patients demonstrated motor function, but denied sensation or pain, and the remaining five of 25 had sensation to light touch but no motor function or pain. None of the patients reported pain postoperatively in the PACU within an hour after surgery. The average time the block lasted was 14 hours. Overall satisfaction with the block on postoperative day one and week one was 4.8 out of 5. There were no intraneural injections, neurologic sequelae, or complications. Conclusions: We suggest that a preoperative nerve block for a sedated patient in the operating room saves time, avoids patient discomfort, augments general anesthesia, provides good postoperative pain control, and has high patient satisfaction with no significant complications
A Technique for Obtaining Feedback from Students Using a Computer Program in a Veterinary Anesthesia Course
Authors: Wilson Deborah V. , Sneed Steven R.
Published: January 2008

Introduction – The College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University has been using computer-aided instructional programs in our pre-clinical veterinary anesthesia course. We describe an embedded feedback collection module (FCM) that facilitates the process of formative evaluation of the program.

Methods – The instructional program was divided into discrete sections. The FCM was accessed easily from all sections of the program. Instructions for use of the FCM were delivered orally to all users of the instructional program and were included in the introduction section of the program.

Results – Feedback was obtained from successive classes of veterinary students over four years, using our computer-aided instructional program. Students in each class were required to use the program either in class or for review and to leave at least one comment in the FCM. Of the 653 responses, 293 were positive and expressed appreciation for the program, 209 contained specific comments or suggestions, and 151 were questions relating to the subject material contained within the program. Written survey feedback was also obtained from some students in these classes.

Conclusion – Our FCM was effective and easy to implement. It proved an easy way to obtain user feedback, which was used in the ongoing process of program design and content improvement.
Teaching Dairy Herd Health Dynamics Using a Web-Based Program
Authors: Allore Heather G. , Haferkamp-Wise Claudia , Gröhn Yjrö , Warnick Lorin D.
Published: January 2008

Introduction - This course teaches veterinary students basic principles of epidemiology. Dynamic relationships of dairy herd performance parameters are demonstrated.

Methodology - Courseware combines lectures (both in-class and Web-based) and problem-based exercises using two computer simulation models. The format of this eight-week, one-credit course is a lecture followed by exercises in a computer laboratory working with simulation models. Currently, Cornell University and nine test sites use the courseware.

Current status - The course has been taught for two years, with students and experts providing evaluations and critical feedback for courseware modification.
How dynamic is the anthropology of chaos?
Authors: Handelman Don
Published: January 2008

Mark Mosko and Frederick H. Damon, eds. On the order of chaos: Social anthropology and the science of chaos. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2005. xv + 276 pp, figures and tables.
Book Reviews
Authors: Gingrich Andre , Vettori Brigitte , Schober Elisabeth , Setur Luisa
Published: January 2008

Christian Giordano and Andrea Boscoboinik (eds.), Constructing risk, threat, catastrophe: Anthropological perspectives

Andre Gingrich and Marcus Banks (eds.), Neo-nationalism in Europe and beyond: Perspectives from anthropology and Andre Gingrich and Richard G. Fox (eds.), Anthropology, by comparison

Sheba Mariam George, When women come first: Gender and class in transnational
Dispersion and catalytic activity of MoO3on TiO2‐SiO2binary oxide support
Authors: Wang Shengping , Liu Yue , Shi Yun , Ma Xinbin , Gong Jinlong
Published: January 2008

The authors present results of an investigation into the dispersion of MoO3on TiO2‐SiO2composite and its reactivity in transesterification of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) with phenol to produce methyl phenyl oxalate (MPO) and diphenyl oxalate (DPO). They examined the effects of support composition, MoO3content, and reaction time on activities of the transesterification. The results show that MoO3/TiO2‐SiO2is more active and selective than MoO3/TiO2, MoO3/SiO2, and TiO2/SiO2catalysts in the transesterification reaction. The best catalytic performance is obtained over a 12%MoO3/8%TiO2‐SiO2, providing a 71.8% DMO conversion and 59.0%, 40.1% selectivities for MPO and DPO, respectively. Through employing X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma‐optic emission spectrometry, they show evidence strongly suggesting that improvement of catalytic reactivity over the TiO2‐modified SiO2support can be ascribed to the enhanced metal oxide support interactions and the increased dispersion capacity of MoO3phase. They also present evidence showing that incorporation of TiO2in SiO2can elevate the monolayer dispersion capacity of MoO3on SiO2. Thus, they conclude that increased DPO selectivity from MoO3/TiO2‐SiO2catalysts can be primarily attributed to the improvement of MoO3dispersion and the synergistic effect between amorphous MoO3and amorphous TiO2. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008