bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Analysis of X-Ray Spectra of NGC 3227
Authors: Newman J. , Tsuruta S. , Liebmann A. C. , Kunieda H. , Haba Y.
Published: January 2021

The 1.5 Seyfert galaxy NGC 3227 has been observed by several X-ray missions. We carried out a combined analysis of the data obtained by more recent major observations of this source—two observations performed by XMM-Newton in 2000 and 2006 and six observations performed by Suzaku in 2008. A unified model, which is consistent with all eight of the observations by the two satellites with large intensity and spectral changes, was constructed. The model consists of a hard power law with the spectral index of ΓHard = 1.4–1.7, which is interpreted as the Comptonized emission from the corona above an accretion disk. In the high-flux states, an additional soft excess component dominates, which is consistent with a model with either a steeper power law with ΓSoft = 3.3–3.85 or the warm Comptonization component. These emissions from the central engine are absorbed by a partial covering material and warm absorbers. A reflection component and several emission lines are also present. We examined the relationship between the intrinsic luminosity and the absorbers’ physical parameters such as the column density, which suggests that the source expanded significantly during the bright states when the soft excess is greatly enhanced.
The Last Journey. I. An Extreme-scale Simulation on the Mira Supercomputer
Authors: Heitmann Katrin , Frontiere Nicholas , Rangel Esteban , Larsen Patricia , Pope Adrian , Sultan Imran , Uram Thomas , Habib Salman , Finkel Hal , Korytov Danila , Kovacs Eve , Rizzi Silvio , Insley Joe , Knowles Janet Y. K.
Published: January 2021

The Last Journey is a large-volume, gravity-only, cosmological N-body simulation evolving more than 1.24 trillion particles in a periodic box with a side length of 5.025 Gpc. It was implemented using the HACC simulation and analysis framework on the BG/Q system Mira. The cosmological parameters are chosen to be consistent with the results from the Planck satellite. A range of analysis tools have been run in situ to enable a diverse set of science projects and, at the same time, keep the resulting data amount manageable. Analysis outputs have been generated starting at redshift z ∼ 10 to allow for construction of synthetic galaxy catalogs using a semianalytic modeling approach in postprocessing. As part of our in situ analysis pipeline, we employ a new method for tracking halo substructures, introducing the concept of subhalo cores. The production of multiwavelength synthetic sky maps is facilitated by generating particle light cones in situ, also beginning at z ∼ 10. We provide an overview of the simulation setup and generated data products; a first set of analysis results is presented. A subset of the data is publicly available.
Interstellar Extinction and Elemental Abundances
Authors: Zuo Wenbo , Li Aigen , Zhao Gang
Published: January 2021

Elements in the interstellar medium (ISM) exist in the form of gas or dust. The interstellar extinction and elemental abundances provide crucial constraints on the composition, size, and quantity of interstellar dust. Most of the extinction modeling efforts have assumed the total (gas and dust) abundances of the dust-forming elements—known as the “interstellar abundances,” “interstellar reference abundances,” or “cosmic abundances”—to be solar and the gas-phase abundances to be environmentally independent. However, it remains unclear whether the solar abundances are an appropriate representation of the interstellar abundances. Meanwhile, the gas-phase abundances are known to exhibit appreciable variations with local environments. Here we explore the viability of the abundances of B stars, the solar and protosolar abundances, and the protosolar abundances augmented by Galactic chemical enrichment (GCE) as an appropriate representation of the interstellar abundances by quantitatively examining the extinction and abundances of 10 interstellar sight lines for which both the extinction curves and the gas-phase abundances of all the major dust-forming elements (i.e., C, O, Mg, Si and Fe) have been observationally determined. Instead of assuming a specific dust model and then fitting the observed extinction curves, for each sight line we apply the model-independent Kramers–Kronig relation, which relates the wavelength-integrated extinction to the total dust volume, to place a lower limit on the dust depletion. This, together with the observationally derived gas-phase abundances, allows us to rule out the B-star, solar, and protosolar abundances as the interstellar reference standard and support the GCE-augmented protosolar abundances as a viable representation of the interstellar abundances.
A Survey of Three Isotopologues of CO in Molecular Clouds in the CMa OB1 Complex
Authors: Lin Zehao , Sun Yan , Xu Ye , Yang Ji , Li Yingjie
Published: January 2021

Using the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m millimeter telescope at Delingha in China, we have conducted a large-scale simultaneous survey of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (J = 1–0) toward the CMa OB1 complex with a sky coverage of 16.5 deg2 (221.5° ≤ l ≤ 227°, −2.5° ≤ b ≤ 0.5°). Emission from the CMa OB1 complex is found in the range 7 km s−1 ≤ V
LSR ≤ 25 km s−1. The large-scale structure, physical properties, and chemical abundances of the molecular clouds are presented. A total of 83 C18O molecular clumps are identified with the GaussClumps algorithm within the mapped region. We find that 94% of these C18O molecular clumps are gravitationally bound. The relationship between their size and mass indicates that none of the C18O clumps has the potential to form high-mass stars. Using a semiautomatic IDL algorithm, we newly discover 85 CO outflow candidates in the mapped area, including 23 bipolar outflow candidates. Additionally, a comparative study reveals evidence for a significant variety of physical properties, evolutionary stages, and levels of star formation activity in different subregions of the CMa OB1 complex.
Complications in the ALMA Detection of Phosphine at Venus
Authors: Akins Alex B. , Lincowski Andrew P. , Meadows Victoria S. , Steffes Paul G.
Published: January 2021

Recently published Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations suggest the presence of 20 ppb PH3 in the upper clouds of Venus. This is an unexpected result, as PH3 does not have a readily apparent source and should be rapidly photochemically destroyed according to our current understanding of Venus atmospheric chemistry. While the reported PH3 spectral line at 266.94 GHz is nearly colocated with an SO2 spectral line, the nondetection of stronger SO2 lines in the wideband ALMA data is used to rule out SO2 as the origin of the feature. We present a reassessment of wideband and narrowband data sets derived from these ALMA observations. The ALMA observations are re-reduced following both the initial and revised calibration procedures discussed by the authors of the original study. We also investigate the phenomenon of apparent spectral line dilution over varying spatial scales resulting from the ALMA antenna configuration. A 266.94 GHz spectral feature is apparent in the narrowband data using the initial calibration procedures, but this same feature cannot be identified following calibration revisions. The feature is also not reproduced in the wideband data. While the SO2 spectral line is not observed at 257.54 GHz in the ALMA wideband data, our dilution simulations suggest that SO2 abundances greater than the previously suggested 10 ppb limit would also not be detected by ALMA. Additional millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared observations of Venus should be undertaken to further investigate the possibility of PH3 in the Venus atmosphere.
A Measurement of the Galactic Plane Mass Density from Binary Pulsar Accelerations
Authors: Chakrabarti Sukanya , Chang Philip , Lam Michael T. , Vigeland Sarah J. , Quillen Alice C.
Published: January 2021

We use compiled high-precision pulsar timing measurements to directly measure the Galactic acceleration of binary pulsars relative to the solar system barycenter. Given the vertical accelerations, we use the Poisson equation to derive the Oort limit, i.e., the total volume mass density in the Galactic mid-plane. Our best-fitting model gives an Oort limit of

0.08

−
0.02

0.05

M

⊙

pc

−
3

, which is close to estimates from recent Jeans analyses. Given the accounting of the baryon budget from McKee et al., we obtain a local dark matter density of

−

0.004

−
0.02

0.05

M

⊙

pc

−
3

, which is slightly below other modern estimates but consistent within the current uncertainties of our method. The error bars are currently about five times larger than kinematical estimates, but should improve in the future for this novel dynamical method. We also constrain the oblateness of the potential, finding it consistent with that expected from the disk and inconsistent with a potential dominated by a spherical halo, as is appropriate for our sample that is within a ∼kpc of the Sun. We find that current measurements of binary pulsar accelerations lead to large uncertainties in the slope of the rotation curve. We give a fitting function for the vertical acceleration a

z
: a

z
= − α
1
z;

log

10

(

α

1

/

Gyr

−
2

)
=

3.69

−
0.12

0.19

. By analyzing interacting simulations of the Milky Way, we find that large asymmetric variations in da

z
/dz as a function of vertical height may be a signature of sub-structure. We end by discussing the power of combining constraints from pulsar timing and high-precision radial velocity measurements toward lines-of-sight near pulsars, to test theories of gravity and constrain dark matter sub-structure.
The Formation of Bilobate Comet Shapes through Sublimative Torques
Authors: Safrit Taylor K. , Steckloff Jordan K. , Bosh Amanda S. , Nesvorny David , Walsh Kevin , Brasser Ramon , Minton David A.
Published: January 2021

Recent spacecraft and radar observations found that ∼70% of short-period comet nuclei, mostly Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), have bilobate shapes (two masses connected by a narrow neck). This is in stark contrast to the shapes of asteroids of similar sizes, of which ∼14% are bilobate. This suggests that a process or mechanism unique to comets is producing these shapes. Here we show that the bilobate shapes of JFC nuclei are a natural byproduct of sublimative activity during their dynamical migration from their trans-Neptunian reservoir, through the Centaur population, and into the Jupiter family. We model the torques resulting from volatile sublimation during this dynamical migration, and find that they tend to spin up these nuclei to disruption. Once disrupted, the rubble pile-like material properties of comet nuclei (tensile strengths of ∼1–10 Pa and internal friction angles of ∼35°) cause them to reform as bilobate objects. We find that JFCs likely experienced rotational disruption events prior to entering the Jupiter family, which could explain the prevalence of bilobate shapes. These results suggest that the bilobate shapes of observed comets developed recently in their history (within the past ∼1–10 Myr), rather than during solar system formation or collisions during planet migration and residency in the trans-Neptunian population.
Extension Contracture Post Total Knee Replacement: A Case Report
Authors: Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Rasyid Fais Alam
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Stiffness is a common problem after knee arthroplasty and need for further procedure. Patients who experience this problem usually have poor outcome. Flexion contracture is the most reported case in most case reports; however, we reported a rare case of patient with extension contracture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
CASE REPORT: A 62-year-old woman was presented with a 3-month history of right TKA. After 3 month she came to the hospital and complained that she could not flex the knee. Nevertheless, she could still walk. On the right knee, there was quadriceps hypotrophy. There was no active and passive range of motion (ROM), because it was fixed at 0°. We performed medial parapatellar approach for knee arthrotomy and we added lateral parapatellar arthrotomy to release the contracture. The fibrotic tissues were removed. The flexion and extension of the knee were evaluated and we managed to get 0–130° of flexion-extension ROM. In the ward, the patient was treated using continuous passive motion (CPM) for 1 week and the CPM was maintained within the range of 0–130°. Six months after surgery, the patient could walk normal with ROM range between 0 and 100°.
CONCLUSION: Stiff knee is a common problem after TKA. Close observation and proper rehabilitation can prevent stiff knee. Close manipulation, manipulation under anesthesia, arthroscopy debridement, and open contracture release are the option of this problem.
Autoplasty by Displaced Aponeurotic Flap: Results of a New Method of Inguinal Hernias Surgical Treatment
Authors: Sapiyeva Saule Tulegenovna , Abatov Nurkassi Tulepbergenovich , Aliyakparov Makash Tynyshtykpaevich , Noso Yoshihiro , Badyrov Ruslan Muratovich , Badyrova Elena Sergeevna
Published: January 2021

AIM: A new surgical method of non-tension autoplasty by displaced aponeurotic flap for the treatment of uncomplicated inguinal hernias has been developed.
METHODS: Thirty patients were operated on using a new method of autoplasty; the comparison group involved 30 patients which were operated on by Liechtenstein hernioplasty using a partially absorbable mesh implant (UltraPro). The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated by clinical data, instrumental research methods (ultrasound examination, and computed tomography [CT]), and results of life quality.
RESULTS: There were no relapse cases in both groups in the early and long-term after surgery. According to ultrasound, inflammatory infiltrate was absent in the group using a new autoplasty method, subclinical seromas resolved earlier after surgery. According to data of compression elastography and CT, the formation of a denser scar in the postoperative area was registered in the comparison group with a statistically significant difference. The feeling of discomfort and pain in the study group was more pronounced in the early post-operative period in comparison with the group using a mesh implant. However, in later terms, the life quality of patients in the group using a new autoplasty method improved with a statistically significant difference.
CONCLUSION: The operation method is simple to perform, does not require the use of an endoprosthesis or extensive dissection of tissues and can be a reliable alternative and compete with prosthetic methods of hernioplasty.
Potential of Omega-3 Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Elderly Community
Authors: Riviati Nur , Indrajaya Taufik , Bahar Erial , Burni Dobi Saputra
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Geriatric problem characterized by reduced functional ability and impaired adaptation function caused by the decline in various body systems, as well as increased vulnerability to various kinds of stressors, which reduce a person’s functional performance.
AIM: This study was aimed to explore the effect of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in the elderly community in Palembang, Indonesia.
METHODS: This study is an open clinical trial, to assess the potential of omega-3 supplementation on muscle mass, handgrip strength, and physical activity of elderly community. Omega-3 is given as much as 1.2 g once a day for 12 weeks orally. Muscle strength was assessed using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Meanwhile, the muscle strength was assessed with a muscle dynamometer.
RESULTS: Omega-3 supplementation has only shown potent efficacy in improving muscle strength in geriatrics patients (before omega-3 supplementation 25.1 + 5.11; after omega-3 supplementation 26.2 + 5.16; p < 0.05). Omega 3 supplementation did not show significant improvement in muscle mass and gait ability in elderly patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 supplementation improves handgrip strength but does not increase muscle mass and physical performance for geriatrics.
Large Follicular Cyst Associated with Upper Third Molar in the Maxillary Sinus with Pterygomaxillary Space Extension: Reflection on a Case Report
Authors: Lo Faro Carmelo , Santillo Vincenzo , Lo Giudice Giorgio , Troiano Antonio , Montella Marco , D'Amato Salvatore , Tartaro Gianpaolo
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Follicular cysts are osteolytic lesions characterized by greater growth, differentiation, and degeneration potentials, compared to inflammatory root cysts. Those connected to upper third molars can disrupt the neighboring teeth and extend to maxillary sinus and adjacent anatomical structures.
CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we present a case of a large dimension follicular cyst associated with the upper third molar, extended to maxillary antrum and pterygomaxillary space, uncommon for dimensions, involving meso- and sovra-structure describing the clinical diagnostic procedures, and the surgical strategies adopted. The cone-beam computed tomography allowed a very accurate analysis of the lesion. Surgical excision was performed through Caldwell-Luc technique, approaching to the pterygomaxillary space. A 1-year follow-up shows good clinical, anatomical, and functional conditions. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of follicular cyst.
CONCLUSION: Giant follicular cysts require an accurate pre-operative study due to the delicate structures that may be involved.
Dispositif innovant et pair-aidance : ENTRELIEN, le maillon manquant…
Authors: Ferroud Gérard
Published: January 2021

L’auteur nous fait part d’une expérience tout à fait originale : la création d’une structure animée par des médiateurs de santé pairs qui se situe dans un espace vide entre le GEM (social) et le lieu de soin (sanitaire). Sa compétence : la connaissance de la pathologie bipolaire et des méthodes personnellement éprouvées par les pairs-aidants pour la canaliser, éviter ses excès et pouvoir vivre avec au jour le jour dans une vie aussi satisfaisante que possible. Elle fait le lien entre tous les acteurs qui gravitent autour de la personne malade afin qu’elle-même puisse organiser le modèle de vie, apaisée et évitant les excès dus à la maladie, qu’elle aura choisi.
Se former dans un « laboratoire social » : l’exemple de PEP13
Authors: Gross Olivia
Published: January 2021

Depuis 2015, l’université de Paris 13 a organisé un programme dit « d’Enseignants-Patients », dans le Département universitaire de médecine générale. Olivia Gross le coordonne. Elle décrit son caractère pionnier, lieu créant ses propres normes. Parmi les intérêts en résultant, elle montre comment les internes, en relation avec les personnes concernées, apprennent à éviter ce qu’il pourrait y avoir de discriminatoire ou d’infantilisant dans les entretiens. Pour pouvoir parler d’une même voix, le collectif enseignant a méthodiquement construit un ensemble de valeurs à respecter. Sa pleine reconnaissance universitaire lui permet de participer en tant que membre aux jurys évaluant les internes en médecine.
La gestion de l’épidémie de grippe espagnole (1918-1919) : préfets et municipalités en première ligne
Authors: Vinet Freddy
Published: January 2021

L’article revient sur la gestion par les pouvoirs publics de la pandémie de grippe dite « espagnole » de 1918-1919. Dans un contexte marqué par la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale, le pouvoir central minimise la maladie réputée bénigne. Mais en septembre 1918, face à l’augmentation des cas de complications mortels, le pouvoir central se repose sur les préfets et les municipalités pour prendre des mesures prophylactiques. Au-delà du rappel des mesures individuelles de protection, les pouvoirs locaux hésitent à prendre des mesures coercitives qui mettraient en danger la vie économique et le moral du pays éprouvé par quatre ans de guerre. Face à la méconnaissance de la maladie, au contexte de guerre et au manque de moyens et de coordination, les mesures sont tardives, mal appliquées et inefficaces. Elles ne permettent pas d’endiguer l’épidémie qui achève sa course en été 1919 après avoir touché 30 à 50 % de la population et entraîné 240000 décès en France.
Collectivités territoriales et compétences en santé publique : sortir de l’ambiguïté ?
Authors: Renaudie Olivier
Published: January 2021

Les compétences des collectivités territoriales en matière de santé publique apparaissent marquées par une certaine ambiguïté. Alors que la politique de santé publique relève en principe de l’État, celles-ci disposent dans ce domaine de quelques compétences marginales, dont elles ont su tirer profit à l’occasion de la crise du coronavirus. Il semble nécessaire de sortir de cette ambiguïté. Sur la forme, il convient de prendre la peine d’une réflexion globale sur la gestion locale de la santé publique. Sur le fond, des pistes de réforme sont envisageables, comme l’association des collectivités territoriales à l’élaboration des stratégies locales relative à la santé publique, aussi bien en période normale qu’en période de crise.
Le rôle du maire en temps de crise
Authors: Némery Jean-Claude
Published: January 2021

Au printemps 2020, les maires ont été en première ligne pour faire face aux aspects non strictement sanitaires de l’épidémie de Covid-19, et en particulier, au confinement de la population. Le présent texte s’appuie sur des rapports du Parlement et de l’Association des maires de France pour analyser leur action en citant de nombreux exemples. De manière générale, il souligne leur indispensable rôle de terrain souvent peu ou mal compris.
Trends and applications of machine learning in water supply networks management
Authors: Robles Velasco Alicia , Muñuzuri Jesús , Onieva Luis , Rodríguez Palero María
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study describes the trends and applications of machine learning systems in the management of water supply networks. Machine learning is a field in constant development, and it has a great potential and capability to attain improvements in real industries. The recent tendency of data storage by companies that manage the water supply networks have created a range of possibilities to apply machine learning. One particular case is the prediction of pipe failures based on historical data, which can help to optimally plan the renovation and maintenance tasks. The objective of this work is to define the stages and main characteristics of machine learning systems, focusing on supervised learning methods. Additionally, singularities that are usually found in data from water supply networks are highlighted.Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, eight studies which contain real cases from around the world are discussed. From the data processing to the model validation, a tour of the methods used in each study is carried out. Moreover, the trendiest models are briefly defined together with the mechanisms that best suit their performance.Findings: As a result of the study, it was found that the imbalanced class problem is typical of data from water supply networks where only a small percentage of pipes fail. Consequently, it is recommended to use sampling methods to train classifiers, however, it is not necessary if we are training a regression system. Additionally, scaling and transformation of variables has generally a positive impact on the model’s performance. Currently, cross-validation is almost a requirement to obtain reliable and representative results. This technique is employed in all revised studies to train and validate their models.Originality/value: The use of machine learning systems to predict pipe failures in water supply networks is still a developing field. This study tries to define the advantages and disadvantages of different methods to process data from water supply networks, as well as to train and validate the models.
Organizational culture transformation model: Towards a high performance organization
Authors: Ipinazar Asier , Zarrabeitia Enara , Rio Belver Rosa Maria , Martinez de Alegría Itziar
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to design an Organizational Culture Transformation Model (OCTM) prototype, in order to enable a High Performance Organization (HPO).Design/methodology/approach: There are three main processes involved in the methodology. Two of them, the definition of the main OCTM work elements as an initial hypothesis based on a work environment approach and the scientific visualization of the key Organizational Culture research hubs through the analysis of the main topics in research publications, flow in parallel. Subsequently, at a certain point, both of these merge in a third process, the OCTM prototype definition. This last process, will deliver the Organizational Culture Transformation Model prototype, which essentially constitutes the main objective of the study.Findings: As result of the methodology, an Organizational Culture Transformation Model prototype has been developed.Originality/value: The resulting model will serve as a reference framework for those companies that wish to conduct an in-depth re-structuring of their operations, focusing it on their human capital.
Diagnóstico nutrimental para nitratos en el extracto celular en Chile Habanero
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Núñez-Ramírez Fidel , González-Anguiano Luis Antonio ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Vázquez-Angulo Juan Carlos ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Samaniego-Gámez Blancka Yesenia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mendoza-Gómez Aurelia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Torres-Bojórquez Ariana Isabel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Escobosa-García Isabel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Bazante-González Isidro ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Cárdenas-Salazar Víctor Alberto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Published: January 2021

El monitoreo nutrimental en cultivos hortícolas representa una herramienta que ayuda a modificar y ajustar las dosis de fertilización originalmente proyectadas. En esta investigación a través de dos experimentos, se identificó la respuesta del cultivo de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) a la aplicación de nitrógeno y su concentración de nitratos en el extracto celular asociada al crecimiento y rendimiento. El primer estudio se realizó bajo condiciones de invernadero y en plántulas. Se estudiaron tres dosis de nitrógeno aplicadas en solución nutritiva y dos dosis de potasio. Se midió el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo, así como la concentración de nitratos y potasio en el extracto celular. En el segundo experimento, se estudiaron cuatro dosis de nitrógeno y se midió el rendimiento y la calidad del cultivo manejado en condiciones de campo. Así mismo durante el crecimiento del cultivo se midió la concentración de nitratos en el extracto celular. Los métodos, materiales utilizados, así como los resultados y conclusiones de cada experimento se presentan por separado. De forma general se concluyó que tanto en condiciones de invernadero como en campo a cielo abierto, el monitoreo de los nitratos en el extracto celular en chile habanero es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para hacer ajustes en la fertilización del cultivo a lo largo de su ciclo de crecimiento.
Les effacements de consommation électrique et le surplus des acteurs énergétiques
Authors: Clastres Cédric , Geoffron Patrice
Published: January 2021

L’introduction et la valorisation des effacements de consommation dans le marché électrique suscitent un intérêt croissant, à mesure de la montée de besoin de flexibilité. À partir de la structure industrielle développée par Chao (2011) et des données du marché spot « day- ahead » fournies par la Bourse européenne de l’électricité (Epex), nous développons un modèle simulant l’introduction des effacements dans le marché électrique français avec fonctions d’offre et de demande estimées. Nous montrons que, pour que l’effacement améliore le bien-être collectif et soit créateur de valeur pour les différentes catégories d’acteurs impliqués, différentes conditions s’imposent, notamment des coûts de mise en place limités et des transferts entre agents dépendant du risque encouru ou de la désutilité subie.Classification JEL : D61, L11, L52, L94, Q41.
Impact du télétravail sur l’innovation des entreprises : une étude sur données d’enquête
Authors: Merlet Jimmy , Poussing Nicolas
Published: January 2021

De nombreuses études analysent l’impact du télétravail et les déterminants de l’innovation. Toutefois, rares sont celles qui analysent la relation entre ces deux formes d’innovations, sociale (le télétravail) et technologique (produit ; procédé). Cet article a pour objectif de contribuer à la compréhension de cette relation. Pour ce faire, une enquête réalisée par le Luxembourg Institute of Socio Economic Research (LISER) auprès de 1468 entreprises représentatives du Luxembourg est mobilisée. Le principal résultat met en avant l’impact positif d’une démarche de télétravail sur l’innovation de produit. Plus précisément, cet article met en lumière des déterminants communs entre une démarche de télétravail et l’innovation (produit ; procédé).Classification JEL : M14, O15, O31, O32.
Machine Learning in Healthcare
Authors: Mitra Debasree , Paul Apurba , Chatterjee Sumanta
Published: January 2021

Machine learning is a popular approach in the field of healthcare. Healthcare is an important industry that provides service to millions of people and as well as at the same time becoming top revenue earners in many countries. Machine learning in healthcare helps to analyze thousands of different data points and suggest outcomes, provide timely risk factors, optimize resource allocation. Machine learning is playing a critical role in patient care, billing processing to set the target to marketing and sales team, and medical records for patient monitoring and readmission, etc. Machine learning is allowing healthcare specialists to develop alternate staffing models, intellectual property management, and using the most effective way to capitalize on developed intellectual property assets. Machine learning approaches provide smart healthcare and reduce administrative and supply costs. Today healthcare industry is committed to deliver quality, value, and satisfactory outcomes.
Data Governance in the Digital Age
Authors: Rascao Jose P.
Published: January 2021

In the contemporary organizational context, the sharing and transfer of knowledge play a significant role, and therefore, it is important to overcome internal and external barriers for them to be processed. This can be facilitated by the implementation of data governance (GovD). The problem is that, in addition to being a new construct and still little studied, conceptual divergences are fed by the amplitude the possible dimensions of analysis. In this context, the objective of this study arises in identifying the conceptualization of the construct governance and data proposed in the scientific literature to support its better understanding and perspective of future investigations. A theoretical research was conducted through a systematic literature review, followed by an analysis of the most relevant publications on the subject. The discussions about this subject are considered in the context of contemporary organizations; however, it signals the importance of future studies of empirical and theoretical order to foster discussions on the subject today.
Web Data and the Relationship Between the General Data Protection Regulation in Europe and Brazil
Authors: Rockembach Moisés , Malheiro da Silva Armando
Published: January 2021

From the consolidation of the application of European data protection regulations and the recent adoption of Brazilian data protection regulations, we are faced with a scenario that crosses borders. In a world marked by companies whose business model is the analysis and commercialization of personal data and of governments that use their citizens' data for control and surveillance, it is imperative to discuss the necessary characteristics to foster a society that respects ethical and legal values regarding data privacy and consented uses there; the authors address concepts and cases that they consider important for the establishment of reflections on the use of web data. They also take into account ethical issues and regulatory instruments in Europe and Brazil, analyzing the strongness and weaknesses in the implementation of data protection and privacy.
Social Distancing and Reopening Universities after the Covid-19 Pandemic: Policy Complexity in G20 Countries
Authors: Nurunnabi Mohammad , Almusharraf Norah
Published: January 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the entire globe, and various mythologies argue about its diagnosis, cure, and prevention. Globally, as of September 18th, 2020, there have been 30.055 million confirmed cases, including 0.943 million deaths. The nationwide closures are impacting over 60% of the world's student population. This study aimed to explore the social distancing policies and universities’ reopening after COVID-19 in G20 countries (19 member countries and the European Union).

Design and Methods

The study is based on documentary analysis. G20 members represent around 80% of the world's economic output, two-thirds of the global population (including more than half of the world's poor), and 75% of international trade. Based on documentary analysis, the study revealed that there is a policy dilemma among G20 countries regarding school reopening and a variety of conflicting policies within each country.

Results

Based on a sample of 838 universities in the USA, 66% of universities (552 of 838) plan for in-person instruction, while only 7% are planning for a completely online teaching mode in the fall 2020 semester.

Conclusions

Interestingly, none of the private universities in this study are planning to implement an online teaching mode. Policymakers need an integrated set of policy guidelines for school reopening, considering the evaluation of current COVID- 19 pandemic circumstances and social distancing capacity.
Mental Health and Well-Being during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Higher Education: Evidence from G20 Countries
Authors: Nurunnabi Mohammad , Almusharraf Norah , Aldeghaither Dalal
Published: January 2021

Background

The spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in a drastic alteration to billions of individuals’ emotional, physical, mental, social, and financial status. As of July 21st, 2020, there had been 14.35 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 0.60 million deaths in 216 countries.

Design and Methods

The study explores health and wellbeing in universities within the G20 countries (19 member countries and the European Union) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample selection of these countries was considered since it serves around 80% of the world's economic output, two-thirds of the global population (including more than half of the world's poor), and 75% of international trade. Specifically, due to this public health concern, schools’ nationwide closures are impacting over 60% of the world's student population to promote their quality of life and well-being.

Results

This study investigates the G20 policies and procedures within higher education regarding health and well-being measures during the COVID-19 epidemic. The findings reveal that the lockdown, social distancing, and self-isolation requirements are stressful and detrimental for many individuals and have caused students’ health and well-being concerns.

Conclusions

Several countries within the G20 have taken significant steps to support health and well-being issues for university students; however, numerous countries are far behind in addressing this issue. Hence, government leaders of G20 countries, policymakers, and health providers should promptly take the necessary measures to regulate the outbreak, improve safety measures to decrease disease transmission, and administer those who demand medical attention.
Hypermethylation of SHISA3 DNA as a Blood-Based Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tang Sheng-Hui , Hsiao Cheng-Wen , Chen Wei-Liang , Wu Li-Wei , Chang Jin-Biou , Yang Bing-Heng
Published: January 2021

In Taiwan, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer and the cancer with the third highest mortality rate. This may be because of the difficulty of detecting the disease in the early stages, as well as the fact that colonoscopy, a typical method used in screening for CRC, causes discomfort to the recipient and is prone to technical interference. For the earlier detection of CRC, finding an easier screening method with a simpler collection procedure is essential. Thus, in the present study, plasma samples from patients with CRC were analyzed to determine the extent of methylation in SHISA3 DNA. Studies have suggested that SHISA3, a newly identified tumor suppressor, can regulate tumor growth, and that the inactivation of its DNA can be traced to epigenomic alterations in CRC. Another study reported the presence of hypermethylated SHISA3 DNA in CRC biopsy specimens. In the present study, the plasma of 30 patients with CRC and nine healthy controls was collected and analyzed for the concentration of cell-free DNA through bisulfite sequencing. The methylation rates were determined. Our results have shown that an increasing amount of cell-free DNA in the group of CRC patient's plasma compared to the healthy group. Moreover, patients with later stages of CRC had higher concentrations of cell-free DNA. Notably, the methylation rate of SHISA3 was higher in the plasma of the CRC group than in that of the healthy group. The results indicated that the presence of tumor cells does not reduce the degree of SHISA3 DNA in the peripheral blood of patients with CRC. In other words, the hypermethylation of SHISA3, which inactivates the gene, is a potential cause of tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the methylation rate of SHISA3 DNA was higher in the plasma of patients with stage II CRC than in that of those with stage I CRC. In conclusion, the combination of conventional testing and screening for SHISA3 hypermethylation in plasma could improve the rate at which CRC is detected.
What is the impact of clinical guidelines on imaging costs?
Authors: Hadian Marziye , Jabbari Alireza , Mazaheri Elaheh , Norouzi Marziyeh
Published: January 2021

Inappropriate and irrational use of numerous advanced diagnostic imaging technologies has recently been highlighted in many countries and has gathered the attention of policymakers. This matter has not only increased health costs in countries but also resulted in adverse health results. Various factors are involved in the inappropriate or unnecessary use of advanced medical imaging techniques including patient-related, physician-related, technological, and ultimately radiologist-related factors. This calls for the provision of new guidelines by policymakers to encourage all service providers to make appropriate use of such techniques. One of the main approaches in this regard is the application of clinical guidelines and decision support systems. The present study was a systematized review that conducted in January 2019, and the articles related to palliative care requirements on databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ovid, ProQuest, Wiley, and Google Scholar from January 1, 2009, to January 20, 2019, were searched. Strategy for searching and selecting the articles was Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines. Overview of the studies shows that various reasons for the overuse of diagnostic imaging technologies and effects of applying clinical guidelines on reducing diagnostic costs of treatment are investigated in this article with respect to various aspects and viewpoints. Clinical guidelines can be significantly effective in evaluating suitability and quality of referrals for diagnostic imaging, if only adapted properly.
Introduction of Class-room quality circles among 1st year MBBS students and its effect on students learning
Authors: Chutia Happy , Srivastava Tripti , Bhattacharyya Himashree
Published: January 2021

AIM:

The aim of this interventional study was to introduce classroom quality circles (QCs) among first-year MBBS students, to assess the effectiveness of QCs on learning experience of the students, and to evaluate the students' satisfaction level during the process of learning.

MATERIALS And METHODS:

A problem pool was created through a questionnaire. The study was carried out in the department of biochemistry, for a period of 6 months. Student's quality circle (SQC) group of five students was created. Then, feedbacks were collected from students by SQC after every class/topic delivered, and fortnightly meeting was held between the SQC group and faculty members of the department, and issues were brought to focus depending on these feedbacks collected by them. Possible initiatives and improvements were done on teaching–learning strategies depending on the outcome of these discussions.

RESULTS:

The effectiveness of SQC group was assessed by a pre-post questionnaire (Questionnaire-3) feedback from the students and scoring was done based on 5-point Likert scale. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.009) between the mean of pre-post questionnaire. To analyze the students' satisfaction level, a set of questionnaires were given to them and scoring was done. Thirty-four students agreed, 11 students were neutral, and 6 students were disagreed, that introduction of SQC was effective in solving their problems related to teaching and learning of biochemistry.

CONCLUSION:

SQC creates an environment of student centric, fairness, student empowerment, improving solving skills. Implementation of student-generated feedback through introduction of SQC has improved the quality of the course as well as its delivery. It complements and supplements in achieving students intended learning outcome and hence may contribute to overall learning quality in the long run.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward road safety regulations among college students in Telangana state
Authors: Jothula Kishore Yadav , Sreeharshika D.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND:

Road traffic continues to be a major developmental issue and a public health concern. Road accidents in India kill almost 1.5 lakh people annually, and India accounts for almost 11% of the accident-related deaths in the world. Prevention of road traffic accidents is very crucial by creating awareness and taking proper measures toward road safety.

AIMS:

The aims of this study were to assess the knowledge about road safety regulations and to assess the attitude and practices regarding road safety regulations.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a pharmacy college.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Study participants were all 4 academic years' pharmacy students who know driving two- or four-wheeler motor vehicle. Data were collected from a sample of 132 by predesigned pretested semi-structured questionnaire.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:

Data were presented in proportions with confidence interval using SPSS ver. 22.

RESULTS:

81.1% of the participants knew the minimum age to obtain driving license. Only 16% follow the road signs strictly and 76% wear helmet for long-distance ride. Poor attitude was observed for wearing helmet for short-distance ride, pillion rider wearing helmet, and drink and drive.

CONCLUSIONS:

Majority of the participants were aware of road safety regulations. In spite of having positive attitude toward road safety measures by participants, they could not translate attitude into practice.
Health services coverage
Authors: Shirazikhah Marzieh , Mirabzadeh Arash , Sajjadi Homeira , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Biglarian Akbar , Shahboulaghi Farahnaz Mohammadi , Raei Mehdi , Sarmadi Sahar
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE:

According to the World Health Organization, estimates about 1,800,000 people lived with disability in Tehran. Against there is little evidence of physical access to rehabilitation facilities in Tehran. This study is aimed to assess the physical access to physical rehabilitation facilities in Tehran and compare it with the country.

METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted since January to April 2017. We used a master facilities list of rehabilitation facility that developed in Iran to collect the information. The samples of this study included all existing physical rehabilitation centers in Tehran province. Data analysis was done using the SPSSr version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

RESULTS:

The results showed that rehabilitation facilities existed at different levels, including inpatient (10.51), outpatient (224.28), community based (36.72), and long-term care (4.96)/1,000,000 populations. Rehabilitation services are provided by rehabilitation professional including: Physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists (8.7), physiotherapists (132.89), occupational therapists (57.4), speech therapists (42.11), and audiologists (48.84) (in 1,000,000 populations).

CONCLUSION:

Tehran needs to increase the physical access to rehabilitation facilities and compared with country was disproportionate physical access to facilities in most cases. It is necessary to establish an interdisciplinary referral system between different rehabilitation providers.
Investigating the match between anthropometric measures and the classroom furniture dimensions in Iranian students with health approach
Authors: Arefi Maryam Feiz , Pouya Amin Babaei , Poursadeqiyan Mohsen
Published: January 2021

Ergonomics of schools and school furniture is one of the main issues in students' education. The proportion of school furniture to the anthropometric dimensions of students is one of the main ergonomic challenges in schools that affect students' health. This systematic review study aimed to examine the match between anthropometric measures and school furniture dimensions among Iranian students. A systematic review was carried out using databases to Google Scholar, SID, IRANDOC, PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect and specific keywords to find papers published before March 2020. The references of seminal studies were also used to extend the search scope. Totally, 11 studies entered the review. The results showed that there was no proportion between classroom furniture and students in schools under study. This lack of proportion was evident at different grades in both boys' and girls' schools. The results showed a lack of proportion between classroom furniture and Iranian students. There is a need to design and procure furniture based on the anthropometric dimensions of the society that will help to health promotion of students. An updated national anthropometric databank of Iranian students can be a step to solve the problem.
Parenting styles for children with oppositional defiant disorder
Authors: Fooladvand Maryam , Nadi Mohammad Ali , Abedi Ahmad , Sajjadian Ilnaz
Published: January 2021

Behavioral and emotional problems are the most common form of child psychiatric pathology. Parenting styles are one of the factors affecting the formation of children's personality and the use of inefficient styles can lead to several negative consequences such as behavioral problems. The aim of the present article is to describe a variety of parenting styles and their relationship with children behavioral problems. The present study reviews a variety of parenting styles including Kazdin's Parent Management Education Model, Barclay's Parent Training Program, Adler and Dreikurs Approach, and Positive Parenting Program. Finally, based on reality theory, parenting is neglected to be one of those styles. Therefore, it is imperative to do a research based on reality theory with existential psychotherapy and with the view that everyone chooses to behave, external pressure is always an imposition, the children learn from their mistakes, and everyone is responsible for his own happiness.