bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Hybrid Nanocomposites in 3D Printing for Functional Applications: A Review
Authors: Tuyen Nguyen Thi Kim , Kim Dong Min , Lee Jung-Woo , Jung Jaehan
Published: October 2024

3D printing has garnered significant attention across academia and industry due to its capability to design and fabricate complex architectures. Applications such as those requiring intricate geometries or custom designs, including footwear, healthcare, energy storage, and electronics applications, greatly benefit from exploiting 3D printing processes. Despite the recent advancement of structural 3D printing, its use in functional devices remains limited, requiring the need for the development of functional materials suitable for 3D printing in device fabrication. In this review, we briefly introduce various 3D printing techniques, including material extrusion and vat polymerization, and highlight the recent advances in 3D printing for energy and biomedical devices. A summary of future perspectives in this area is also presented. By highlighting recent developments and addressing key challenges, this review aims to inspire future directions in the development of functional devices.
Application of Human Plasma Targeted Lipidomics and Analysis of Toxic Elements to Capture the Metabolic Complexities of Hypothyroidism
Authors: Błażewicz Anna , Kiełbus Michał , Skórzyńska-Dziduszko Katarzyna , Grabrucker Andreas M. , Jonklaas Jacqueline , Sosnowski Piotr , Trzpil Alicja , Kozub-Pędrak Anna , Szmagara Agnieszka , Wojnicka Julia , Grywalska Ewelina , Almeida Agostinho
Published: October 2024

Background: Hypothyroidism (HT) affects millions worldwide and can lead to various lipid disorders. The metabolic complexity and the influence of toxic elements in autoimmune and non-autoimmune HT subtypes are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between plasma lipidome, toxic elements, and clinical classifications of HT in unexposed individuals. Methods: Samples were collected from 120 adults assigned to a study group with Hashimoto’s disease and non-autoimmune HT, and a healthy control group. Quantification of 145 pre-defined lipids was performed by using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (TQ MS/MS) in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode via positive electrospray ionization (ESI). Levels of toxic elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Significant associations between altered levels of several components of the plasma lipidome and Al, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb with HT were found. We show metabolic differences in lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) between HT and controls, with distinct predicted activation patterns for lysolecithin acyltransferase and phospholipase A2. Conclusions: There are significant changes in the lipidome profiles of healthy subjects compared to euthyroid HT patients treated with L-thyroxine, which are related to the type of hypothyroidism and non-occupational exposure to toxic elements.
Influence of PCBM Nanocrystals on the Donor-Acceptor Polymer Ultraviolet Phototransistors
Authors: Zhu Hong , Chen Quanhua , Chen Lijian , Zakaria Rozalina , Park Min-Su , Tan Chee Leong , Zhu Li , Xu Yong
Published: October 2024

Organic phototransistors, renowned for their exceptional biocompatibility, hold promise in phototherapy for tracking the efficacy of photosensitive drugs within treatment areas. Nevertheless, it has been found that organic semiconductors are less effective in detecting ultraviolet (UV) light because of their narrow bandgap. Here, we show that UV photodetection in phototransistors using donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer semiconductors can be significantly enhanced by incorporating PCBM nanocrystals. This integration results in a band mismatch between the nanocrystals and the D-A polymer at the interface. These nanocrystals also demonstrate a notable capability of modulating threshold voltage under UV light. The devices incorporating nanocrystals exhibit a photoresponsivity of 0.16 A/W, surpassing the photoresponsivity of the devices without nanocrystals by 50%. The specific detection rate of devices with nanocrystals is around 2.00 × 1010 Jones, which is twice as high as that of devices without nanocrystals. The presented findings offer a potential avenue to improve the efficiency of polymer phototransistors for UV detection.
A Review on Recently Developed Antibacterial Composites of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Non-Hydrogel Polymers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shabalina Anastasiia V. , Kozlov Valeriy A. , Popov Ivan A. , Gudkov Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

Development of new antibacterial materials for solving biomedical problems is an extremely important and very urgent task. This review aims to summarize recent articles (from the last five and mostly the last three years) on the nanoparticle/polymer composites for biomedical applications. Articles on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogel-based systems were not reviewed, since we focused our attention mostly on the composites of polymeric matrix with at least one inorganic filler in the form of NPs. The fields of application of newly developed antibacterial NPs/polymer composites are described, along with their composition and synthetic approaches that allow researchers to succeed in preparing effective composite materials for medical and healthcare purposes.
Investigation of Microstructure and Physical Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Piezoelectric Composite Thin Films Based on Chitosan and Ln2O3-Doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zidani Jacem , Zannen Moneim , Da Costa Antonio , Mlida Oumayma , Jamali Arash , Majdoub Mustapha , El Marssi Mimoun , Ferri Anthony , Lahmar Abdelilah
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of eco-friendly piezoelectric composite thin films composed of chitosan and Ln2O3-doped Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3 (NBT-BT) nanoparticles. The films were fabricated using a solution-casting technique, successfully embedding the particles into the chitosan matrix, which resulted in enhanced piezoelectric properties compared to pure chitosan. Characterization methods, such as photoluminescence spectroscopy and piezo-response force microscopy (PFM) which revealed strong electromechanical responses, with notable improvements in piezoelectric performance due to the inclusion of NBT-BT nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a pure perovskite phase with the space group R3c for NBT-BT and NBT-BT-Ln particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a non-uniform distribution of NBT-BT particles within the chitosan matrix. The results also suggest that the incorporation of rare earth elements further enhances the electrical and piezoelectric properties of the composites, highlighting their potential in flexible and smart device applications. Overall, these findings underscore the potential of chitosan-based composites in addressing environmental concerns while offering effective solutions for energy harvesting and biomedical applications.
Vegetarian Diet Reduced Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Nationwide Longitudinal Survey in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Jyun-Han , Tsai Chun-Chi , Lee Jia-In , Lin Chih-Yi , Huang Shu-Pin , Geng Jiun-Hung , Kuo Chao-Hung , Chen Szu-Chia
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives. This large, longitudinal follow-up cohort study aimed to explore how being a vegetarian and related factors impacted the incident gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a comprehensive Taiwanese cohort. Methods. The study cohort was enrolled from the Taiwan Biobank. Vegetarian status, duration of being a vegetarian, type of vegetarian diet, and whether or not the participants had GERD were recorded from self-reported surveys. Associations between vegetarian status, duration, and type of diet with incident GERD were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression with adjustments for confounding variables. Results. After excluding participants with pre-existing GERD, we included 23,714 participants into the study. Multivariable analysis showed that vegetarian status (current vs. never; hazard ratio [HR], 0.697; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.546 to 0.889; p = 0.004) was significantly inversely associated with incident GERD; conversely, ever being a vegetarian was not associated (p = 0.489). In addition, those who had been a vegetarian for 6 years or more had 0.72 times lower risk of GERD compared to those who had never been a vegetarian (HR, 0.717; 95% CI 0.558 to 0.922, p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed regarding the type of vegetarian diet with incident GERD. Conclusions. The results showed that following a vegetarian diet was an independent protective factor for incident GERD, with a significant protective effect observed in those who adhered to a vegetarian diet for at least 6 years. Future research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and whether adopting a vegetarian diet can decrease the incidence of GERD.
Oral Antacid Use Is Negatively Associated with Serum Prealbumin Levels in Japanese Individuals Undergoing Health Checkups
Authors: Ushiroda Chihiro , Deguchi Kanako , Yamamoto-Wada Risako , Tanaka Hiroko , Ono Chisato , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Sarai Masayoshi , Miyahara Ryoji , Sasaki Hitomi , Iizuka Katsumi
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between physical and chemical digestion and nutrition markers (serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), and vitamin B12 (B12) levels). Methods: During a detailed checkup at Fujita Health University, we examined the associations of physical (occlusal force, masticatory performance, and swallowing ability (via the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool, EAT-10)) and chemical (Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication history, HP antibody levels, and oral antacid (proton pump inhibitors) use) digestion parameters with serum ALB, PAB, and B12 levels in 92 individuals (M:67, F:25). Results: Forty-eight percent of the participants were older than 65 years of age, 19% had decreased occlusal force, 3.2% had decreased masticatory strength, 3.2% had decreased swallowing function, 24% had a history of HP eradication, 23% were HP antibody positive, and 16% were taking oral antacid medication. Additionally, 14% and 11% of the patients had low serum ALB and PAB levels, respectively, and 14% of the patients had B12 deficiency. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and C-reactive protein levels revealed that there were no significant associations between the physical digestion parameters and the serum PAB, ALB, or B12 levels. On the other hand, there was a significant association between oral antacid use and PAB levels (β = −3.3, p = 0.04). Independent of physical or chemical digestion parameters, serum PAB and B12 levels were significantly associated with protein and B12 intake, respectively. Conclusions: Oral antacid use may decrease serum PAB levels, indicating protein synthesis.
Weight Loss, Pathological Changes, and Inflammatory Effects from a Short-Term Ketogenic Diet in Overweight and Obese Men with Untreated Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance
Authors: Kaiser Adeel , Siddiqui Mohummad M. , Bosley-Smith Jason , Wang Shu , Aryankalayil Joseph , Mishra Mark V. , Ryan Alice S. , D’Adamo Christopher R.
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: Active Surveillance (AS) is a favored strategy for the management of indolent prostate cancers (PCs). Overweight and obese men harbor an increased risk of cancer progression during AS. We aim to prospectively evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of a ketogenic diet (KD) weight-loss intervention in overweight men with PC. Materials and Methods: Men with PC and a BMI > 25 kg/m2 undergoing AS were placed on an 8-week ad libitum KD program before a scheduled surveillance biopsy to assess the impact on clinical grade group (CGG). Blood ketone levels were tracked to ensure compliance. BMI, PSA, and inflammatory marker data (TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, IL-6, IL1-RA, CRP, and SAA) were collected before and after the KD intervention. A Shapiro–Wilk test was performed to assess the normality of all continuous study variables. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were utilized to compare normally and non-normally distributed study outcomes, respectively. Results: Ten AS patients aged 62.1 (±5.4) years were enrolled with an average BMI of 31.7 kg/m2 (±11.8). Post-KD intervention mean blood ketone levels were 0.32 (±0.12) mmol/L with a mean BMI reduction of 7.4% (p < 0.0003). There were no meaningful changes in PSA or inflammatory biomarkers (p > 0.05). Nine patients completed re-biopsy following a KD with four patients showing no evidence of cancer; one downgraded to a lower CGG; two had unchanged CGG scores; and two had higher CGG scores compared to baseline. Conclusions: Short-term KD interventions for BMI reduction are feasible in men undergoing AS for PC and may result in favorable pathological effects without inflammatory marker changes. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to explore whether KD-induced weight loss can improve clinical outcomes with AS in PC.
Functional Foods in Preventing Human Blood Platelet Hyperactivity-Mediated Diseases—An Updated Review
Authors: Duttaroy Asim K.
Published: October 2024

Backgrounds/Objectives: Abnormal platelet functions are associated with human morbidity and mortality. Platelets have emerged as critical regulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes beyond their established roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. Maintaining physiological platelet function is essential to hemostasis and preventing platelet-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer metastasis, immune disorders, hypertension, diabetes, sickle cell disease, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, myeloproliferative disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Platelets become hyperactive in obesity, diabetes, a sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, pollution, and smokers. Platelets, upon activation, can trawl leukocytes and progenitor cells to the vascular sites. Platelets release various proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic factors and shed microparticles in the circulation, thus promoting pathological reactions. These platelet-released factors also maintain sustained activation, further impacting these disease processes. Although the mechanisms are unknown, multiple stimuli induce platelet hyperreactivity but involve the early pathways of platelet activation. The exact mechanisms of how hyperactive platelets contribute to these diseases are still unclear, and antiplatelet strategies are inevitable for preventing these diseases. Reducing platelet function during the early stages could significantly impact these diseases. However, while this is potentially a worthwhile intervention, using antiplatelet drugs to limit platelet function in apparently healthy individuals without cardiovascular disease is not recommended due to the increased risk of internal bleeding, resistance, and other side effects. The challenge for therapeutic intervention in these diseases is identifying factors that preferentially block specific targets involved in platelets’ complex contribution to these diseases while leaving their hemostatic function at least partially intact. Since antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin are not recommended as primary preventives, it is essential to use alternative safe platelet inhibitors without side effects. Methods: A systematic search of the PUBMED database from 2000 to 2023 was conducted using the selected keywords: “functional foods”, “polyphenols”, “fatty acids”, “herbs”, fruits and vegetables”, “cardioprotective agents”, “plant”, “platelet aggregation”, “platelet activation”, “clinical and non-clinical trial”, “randomized”, and “controlled”. Results: Potent natural antiplatelet factors have been described, including omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and other phytochemicals. Antiplatelet bioactive compounds in food that can prevent platelet hyperactivity and thus may prevent several platelet-mediated diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: This narrative review describes the work during 2000–2023 in developing functional foods from natural sources with antiplatelet effects.
Iodine Nutritional Status and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 6–17 Years
Authors: Li Xueqing , Zhang Jiafeng , Ding Hao , Tu Pengcheng , Wu Lizhi , Xing Mingluan , Niu Huixia , Mo Zhe , Chen Zhijian
Published: October 2024

Background: Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), marked by thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), affects over 10% of the general population, with children and adolescents experiencing significant impacts on growth and quality of life despite lower prevalence rates compared to adults. Methods: In the context of over 20 years of universal salt iodization (USI) in China, this study investigated the relationship between iodine nutritional status and TAI in children and adolescents aged 6–17. Results: Our findings suggest that while iodine levels are generally sufficient (median urinary iodine concentration [UIC] was 205.2 µg/L), TAI remains a significant concern due to its potential impact on growth and development. TAI was significantly associated with age, sex, and urban–rural residency (p < 0.05). Positive TPOAb and TgAb were identified as risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 2.274, 95% CI: 1.171–1.916). Although some literature suggests that excessive iodine may exacerbate TAI and others propose iodine deficiency as a risk factor, this study did not find a significant overall association between iodine status and TAI. Notably, a low urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) level was linked to an increased risk of TgAb positivity in males (OR = 3.470, 95% CI: 1.200–10.036). In individuals with negative thyroid antibodies, increased BMI (OR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.032–1.093) and high UI/Cr levels (OR = 1.510, 95% CI: 1.175–1.941) were risk factors for subclinical hypothyroidism, whereas older age (OR = 0.710, 95% CI: 0.555–0.908 for the age 9–11 group; OR = 0.681, 95% CI = 0.484–0.959 for the age 12–17 group) and high UIC levels (OR = 0.739, 95% CI: 0.554–0.985) were associated with reduced risk. No significant associations were observed in the thyroid antibody-positive group. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering individual TAI status when devising iodine supplementation policies.
DNA Methylation Signatures Characterize Gene Expression Modulation in Lung Cancer Patients Affected by Anorexia
Authors: Molfino Alessio , Ambrosani Francesca , Udali Silvia , Imbimbo Giovanni , Moruzzi Sara , Castagna Annalisa , Pattini Patrizia , Tambaro Federica , Ramaccini Cesarina , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Friso Simonetta
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The pathophysiology of cancer anorexia is multifactorial and unclear. Transcriptomic analysis from PBMCs RNA showed diverse patterns of gene expression pathways in anorexic cancer patients. We assessed whether the different transcriptomic signatures are modulated by DNA methylation in lung cancer patients presenting with poor appetite. Methods: Lung cancer patients and controls were enrolled, and anorexia was assessed by the FAACT-score questionnaire. Genome-wide DNA methylation was determined by Human Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip Kit. Data from genome-wide methylation analysis were merged with those from gene expression analysis, previously obtained by RNA sequencing (NGS). Four groups of genes were identified for each comparison: hypermethylated repressed, hypermethylated induced, hypomethylated repressed, and hypomethylated induced. Results: Cancer patients (n = 16) showed 382 differentially methylated genes when compared with controls (n = 8). Anorexic patients (n = 8) presented 586 hypomethylated and 174 hypermethylated genes compared with controls. In anorexic patients vs. non-anorexic (n = 8), 211 genes were identified as hypomethylated and 90 hypermethylated. When microarray methylation data were merged with transcriptomic data by RNA sequencing, we observed significant differences in anorexic patients vs. controls; a total of 42 genes resulted as hypomethylated and induced, 5 hypermethylated repressed, 10 hypermethylated induced, and 15 hypomethylated repressed. The CG sites analyzed by targeted bisulfite NGS in four genes of interest (FLNA, PGRMC1, GNL3L, and FHL1) resulting as hypomethylated in anorexic vs. controls allowed the validation of the data obtained from DNA methylation. Interestingly, the four genes resulted as hypomethylated in anorexic patients vs. non-anorexic patients and vs. controls (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our data support that methylation is implicated in cancer-associated anorexia and nutritional derangements among lung cancer patients.
Synergistic Effects of Fructose and Food Preservatives on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): From Gut Microbiome Alterations to Hepatic Gene Expression
Authors: Hrncir Tomas , Trckova Eva , Hrncirova Lucia
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global health problem closely linked to dietary habits, particularly high fructose consumption. This study investigates the combined effects of fructose and common food preservatives (sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, and potassium sorbate) on the development and progression of MASLD. Methods: We utilized a human microbiota-associated mouse model, administering 10% fructose with or without preservatives for 11 weeks. Liver histology, hepatic gene expression (microarray analysis), biochemical markers, cytokine profiles, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiome composition (16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing) were evaluated. Results: Fructose and potassium sorbate synergistically induced liver pathology characterized by increased steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. These histological changes were associated with elevated liver function markers and altered lipid profiles. The treatments also induced significant changes in both the bacterial and fungal communities and disrupted intestinal barrier function, leading to increased pro-inflammatory responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Liver gene expression analysis revealed a wide range of transcriptional changes induced by fructose and modulated by the preservative. Key genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were affected. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the complex interactions between dietary components, gut microbiota, and host metabolism in the development of MASLD. The study identifies potential risks associated with the combined consumption of fructose and preservatives, particularly potassium sorbate. Our data reveal new mechanisms that are involved in the development of MASLD and open up a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of MASLD through dietary interventions and the modulation of the microbiome.
Associations of Maternal Nutritional Status and Supplementation with Fetal, Newborn, and Infant Outcomes in Low-Income and Middle-Income Settings: An Overview of Reviews
Authors: González-Fernández Doris , Muralidharan Oviya , Neves Paulo , Bhutta Zulfiqar
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Despite advances in maternal nutritional knowledge, the effect of maternal diet, micronutrient status and undernutrition, and the effect of maternal supplementation on fetal, neonatal and infant outcomes still have gaps in the literature. This overview of reviews is intended to assess the available information on these issues and identify the main maternal nutritional factors associated with offspring outcomes in low- and middle-income countries as possible targets for public health interventions. Methods: The literature search was performed in Medline (PubMed) and Cochrane Library datasets in June 2024. Pre-specified outcomes in offspring were pooled using standard meta-analytical methods. Results: We found consistent evidence on the impact of maternal undernutrition indicated by low body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and stature, but not of individual micronutrient status, on intrauterine-growth retardation, preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age, with research showing a possible effect of maternal undernutrition in later child nutritional status. Studies on micronutrient supplementation showed possible beneficial effects of iron, vitamin D, and multiple micronutrients on birthweight and/or decreasing small for gestational age, as well as a possible effect of calcium on preterm birth reduction. Interventions showing more consistent beneficial outcomes were balanced protein-energy and lipid base supplements, which demonstrated improved weight in newborns from supplemented mothers and a decreased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusions: Further research is needed to identify the benefits and risks of maternal individual micronutrient supplementation on neonatal and further child outcomes.
Day-to-Day Fluctuation in Micronutrient Content in Human Milk Relative to Maternal Diet
Authors: Ureta-Velasco Noelia , Montealegre-Pomar Adriana , Keller Kristin , Escuder-Vieco Diana , Serrano José C. E. , García-Lara Nadia Raquel , Pallás-Alonso Carmen R.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The impact of daily variations in habitual maternal intake on human milk (HM) composition has been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the associations between day-to-day fluctuation in the micronutrient concentration in HM and daily maternal diet. Methods: To this end, an observational longitudinal study was carried out. A total of 143 lactating women each compiled a five-day weighed dietary record and concomitantly expressed milk for four successive days. Maternal daily intakes of micronutrients and food groups were analyzed. Free thiamine, free riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, folic acid, cobalamin, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, cholecalciferol, and calcidiol in HM were determined for each of the four investigated days. A longitudinal data analysis with generalized estimating equation models was performed. Results: For each daily serving of meat, fish, and eggs, total vitamin D3 levels increased by 243.2 pg/mL (p = 0.027) and selenium levels increased by 0.16 ppb (p = 0.031) in HM. For every 1 mg/day of riboflavin supplementation, free riboflavin levels in HM increased by 28.6 mcg/L (p = 0.019). Pyridoxal levels in HM increased by 6.3 mcg/L per 1 mg/day of vitamin B6 supplementation (p = 0.001), and by 2 mcg/L per daily fruit ration (p = 0.016). Conclusions: In conclusion, we were able to quantify the impact of the usual day-to-day variations in the diet and in the intake of commonly used supplements on the fluctuation of vitamin D, free riboflavin, pyridoxal, and selenium concentration in the milk of lactating women.
Disparities in Food Insecurity and Academic Achievement Among California Public University Students: An Intersectional Approach
Authors: Singh Sonali , Esaryk Erin E. , Meza Erika , Britton Tolani , Martinez Suzanna M.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Historically racialized status (HRS) and low socioeconomic position (SEP) are independent risk factors for food insecurity and poor academic achievement among college students. Despite increased enrollment of students from historically racialized groups and low SEP, little is known regarding the intersectional experience of these contemporary student characteristics with food security status or academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to examine the intersections of racialized status and SEP with food insecurity and academic achievement among undergraduate students attending a public university system in California. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1170 undergraduates who utilized their campus food pantry between June and August 2019 at nine University of California campuses. Racialized status and SEP were used to construct four distinct intersectional positions: (1) White, not low SEP (i.e., traditional students; reference), and three contemporary student groups: (2) White, low SEP; (3) HRS, not low SEP; and (4) HRS, low SEP. Using regression analyses, these intersectional positions were examined with food insecurity and grade point average (GPA), while controlling for other student characteristics. Results: HRS, low SEP students had significantly higher odds of experiencing food insecurity (OR = 2.72; 95% CI: 1.52–4.97) and lower GPA (B = −0.14, p = 0.05) than traditional students, after adjustment. Conclusions: Contemporary students are at increased risk of food insecurity and lower academic achievement compared to traditional students.
Male Endurance Athletes: Examination of Energy and Carbohydrate Availability and Hormone Responses
Authors: Moore Erin M. , Drenowatz Clemens , Williams Brittany T. , Brodrick Thaddeus C. , Stodden David F. , Torres-McGehee Toni M.
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigated the effects of decreased energy availability (EA) and carbohydrate availability (CA) on reproductive and metabolic hormones in male endurance-trained athletes. Methods: Thirteen athletes (age: 26.08 ± 4.3 years; weight: 70.9 ± 6.5 kg; height: 179.9 ± 4.2 cm) participated in two training weeks with varying training volumes (low [LV] and high [HV]). The participants logged their diet and exercise for seven days and provided blood samples to measure hormone levels (Testosterone [T], insulin, leptin, cortisol, and interleukin-6 [IL-6]). Results: Results showed that 46.2% (HV) and 38.5% (LV) of participants were at risk for low EA (≤25 kcal/kg FFM·d-1), while 53.8% (HV) and 69.2% (LV) had low CA (<6 g/kg). Strong positive correlations were found between leptin and body fat percentage (DXABFP) in both weeks (HV: r(11) = 0.88, p < 0.001; LV: r(11) = 0.93, p < 0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between T and DXABFP (r(11) = 0.56, p = 0.05) and negative correlations between leptin and fat intake (r(11) = −0.60, p = 0.03). Regression analyses indicated significant relationships between DXABFP and T (F(1,11) = 4.91, p = 0.049), leptin (HV: F(1,11) = 40.56, p < 0.001; LV: F(1,11) = 74.67, p < 0.001), and cortisol (F(1,11) = 6.69, p = 0.025). Conclusions: These findings suggest that monitoring body composition and macronutrients can be clinically useful for male athletes, especially those without access to blood testing. Ultimately, a greater understanding of health and performance outcomes for male athletes is needed.
Efficacy of Myricetin Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vivo Mice Studies
Authors: Babotă Mihai , Frumuzachi Oleg , Tanase Corneliu , Mocan Andrei
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Myricetin, a flavonoid found in various plants, has shown potential anti-diabetic effects in murine studies. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of myricetin supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in mouse models of metabolic diseases. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024591569). Studies involving mice with metabolic disease models and exclusively using myricetin supplementation were checked across four databases (Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and WoS) until 23rd September 2024. The primary outcomes assessed were blood glucose (BG), insulin levels, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL, and LDL. A random-effects model was applied to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD), and SYRCLE’s risk-of-bias tool for animal studies was used. Results: Twenty-one studies with 514 mice met the inclusion criteria. Myricetin supplementation significantly reduced BG (SMD = −1.45, CI: −1.91 to −0.99, p < 0.00001, I2 = 74%), insulin (SMD = −1.78, CI: −2.89 to −0.68, p = 0.002, I2 = 86%), TAG (SMD = −2.60, CI: −3.24 to −1.96, p < 0.00001, I2 = 81%), TC (SMD = −1.86, CI: −2.29 to −1.44, p < 0.00001, I2 = 62%), and LDL (SMD = −2.95, CI: −3.75 to −2.14, p < 0.00001, I2 = 74%). However, the effect on HDL was not statistically significant (SMD = 0.71, CI: −0.01 to 1.43, p = 0.05, I2 = 83%). Conclusions: Myricetin supplementation improved glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in mouse models, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing T2DM. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings in human studies.
Influence of Carbohydrate Intake on Different Parameters of Soccer Players’ Performance: Systematic Review
Authors: Pueyo Marián , Llodio Iñaki , Cámara Jesús , Castillo Daniel , Granados Cristina
Published: October 2024

Background: The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the influence of carbohydrate (CHO) intake on physical and technical aspects, glucose and muscle glycogen levels, fatigue, cognition, and gastrointestinal comfort involved in the performance of soccer players, as well as to examine whether there are any differences between men and women. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SportDiscus, resulting in 61 selected articles. The PRISMA recommendations and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews guidelines were followed. Results: The results indicate that CHO intake before and during the match improves speed and the number of sprints, attenuates the decrease in shooting accuracy and speed, increases time to fatigue, and enhances cognitive function. There is no consensus on passing, dribbling, jumping, or agility improvements. Glucose levels drop during the first 15 min of the second half without affecting performance. Conclusions: It is recommended that players ingest 6–8 g/kg/d of CHO the day before, a meal with 1–3 g/kg 3–4 h before, and 30–60 g/h during the match. Muscle glycogen drops drastically at the end of the match, remaining low at 48 h. Hence, 1–1.5 g/kg/h is recommended during the first 4 h, starting from the first 20 min. Female soccer players have a similar physical demand to men, and energy availability is low, especially in the post-match periods, as they underestimate their energy expenditure and do not consume enough CHO. Therefore, the recommended guidelines should be followed, individualized, and periodized according to each athlete’s energy needs.
Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. Extract Alleviates Airway Inflammation Induced by Particulate Matter Plus Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice
Authors: Sung Yoon-Young , Kim Seung-Hyung , Yang Won-Kyung , Yuk Heung Joo , Kim Mi-Sun , Kim Dong-Seon
Published: October 2024

Exposure to air pollution poses a risk to human respiratory health, and a preventive and therapeutic remedy against fine dust-induced respiratory disease is needed. Background/Objectives: The respiratory-protective effects of Lysimachia mauritiana (LM) against airway inflammation were evaluated in a mouse model exposed to a fine dust mixture of diesel exhaust particles and particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10D). Methods: To induce airway inflammation, PM10D was intranasally injected into BALB/c mice three times a day for 12 days, and LM extracts were given orally once per day. The immune cell subtypes, histopathology, and expression of inflammatory mediators were analyzed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results: LM alleviated the accumulation of neutrophils and the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and the BALF of the PM10D-exposed mice. LM also reduced the release of inflammatory mediators (MIP-2, IL-17, IL-1α, CXCL1, TNF-α, MUC5AC, and TRP receptor channels) in the BALF and lungs. Lung histopathology was used to examine airway inflammation and the accumulation of collagen fibers and inflammatory cells after PM10D exposure and showed that LM administration improved this inflammation. Furthermore, LM extract inhibited the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in the lungs and improved expectoration activity through an increase in phenol red release from the trachea. Conclusions: LM alleviated PM10D-exposed neutrophilic airway inflammation by suppressing MAPK/NF-κB activation. This study indicates that LM extract may be an effective therapeutic agent against inflammatory respiratory diseases.
Food Consumption According to the NOVA Food Classification and Its Relationship with Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Women
Authors: de Farias Xavier Daniel Emiliano , de Moraes Rúbia Cartaxo Squizato , Viana Thallyta Alanna Ferreira , Pereira Joicy Karla Grangeiro , da Costa Paulo César Trindade , Duarte Davyson Barbosa , Galdino Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti , da Costa Pereira de Arruda Neta Adélia , de Brito Alves José Luiz , Martins Vinícius José Baccin
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent mental disorders worldwide, and food consumption can change in individuals with these conditions. We aimed to assess the food consumption of women with depressive symptoms and compare it to a control without symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 96 women, aged 18–59, allocated into two groups: control (n = 62) or depressive symptoms (n = 34). The participants underwent an anthropometric assessment, and food consumption was evaluated using a 24 h food recall and the NOVA classification. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire. Results: Anthropometric parameters did not differ between the groups. Women with depressive symptoms consumed fewer calories (p = 0.006), carbohydrates (p = 0.014), proteins (p = 0.036), and lipids (0.011) from unprocessed and minimally processed foods (UMPF) compared to the control women. A negative correlation was found between the dietary consumption energy of UMPF and symptoms of depression (r = −0.337; p = 0.001), anxiety (r = −0.262; p = 0.014), and stress (r = −0.260; p = 0.014), as well as a positive correlation between energy intake from ultra-processed foods (UPF) and symptoms of depression (r = 0.218; p = 0.042) and stress (r = 0.227; p = 0.034). Regression analysis showed that depressive symptoms accounted for 7.6% of the lower energy consumption from UMPF. Conclusions: Women with depressive symptoms displayed lower UMPF consumption, and this was negatively correlated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Professional dietary advice can improve health status in these patients.
Food Insecurity Is Common in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Is Associated with Increased Ultra-Processed Food Intake
Authors: Gold Stephanie , Kohler David , Freid Hannah , Haskey Natasha , Raman Maitreyi
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) is defined as the lack of consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life. FI affects over 30 million Americans and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and impaired quality of life and drives significant health inequities. Despite the rising prevalence of FI and the federal focus on improving access to healthy food, there is a paucity of research on FI in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the goal of this study was to define FI in a cohort of IBD patients and determine whether FI was associated with changes in dietary patterns, including specifically an increase in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in this high-risk patient population. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of IBD who were 18 years of age or older and who were seen in a nutrition focused clinic. Patients were screened for FI using the Hunger Vital Sign™, a 2-question validated FI screening tool and underwent a 24-h dietary recall. The degree of food processing was assessed using the NOVA Food Classification System. Results: Among 128 patients with IBD, we observed that FI is increasingly prevalent, with 45% of patients reporting difficulty with sufficient grocery access at least “sometimes” in the last 12 months and 10% reporting decreased food access “often” in the prior year. In addition, the patients at high-risk for FI were significantly more likely to eat NOVA 4 UPFs (54% vs. 27%, p = 0.001) and were significantly less likely to eat NOVA 1 unprocessed foods (32% vs. 61%, p = 0.001) as compared to those not at risk for FI. Finally, only a small percentage of those at highest risk for FI were enrolled in a federal food assistance program for grocery support. Conclusions: The prevalence of FI is increasing in patients with IBD and is associated with reduced dietary quality.
Inhibitory Effect of Alnustone on Survival and Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Park Shin-Young , Mun Jeong-Geon , Lee Yoon-Seung , Lee Sun-Bin , Kim Su-Jin , Jang Jeong-Ho , Kim Ho-Yoon , Hong Seung-Heon , Kee Ji-Ye
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Alnustone (Aln) is an effective compound of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata. Aln possesses various pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the inhibitory effect of Aln on colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been identified. Thus, research was conducted to clarify whether Aln can suppress the proliferative and metastatic ability of CRC cells. Methods: A cell viability assay was performed to confirm the decrease in CRC cell viability following Aln treatment. Flow cytometry was carried out to evaluate the effects of Aln on cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis in CRC cells. In addition, a lung metastasis animal model was used to check the inhibitory effect of Aln on the metastasis of CRC cells. Results: Aln remarkably diminished the viability and colony-forming ability of several CRC cell lines. In addition, Aln led to a halt at the G0/G1 phase through downregulating cyclin D1-CDK4 in CRC cells. The upregulation of LC3B and p62 expression by Aln triggered autophagy of CRC cells. Moreover, Aln promoted mitochondrial depolarization, resulting in apoptosis of CRC cells. Oral administration of Aln significantly restrained the metastasized lung tumor nodules. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Aln can suppress the survival and lung metastasis of CRC cells by promoting cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis.
Navigating Nutritional Inequality in Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Exploration of Diet, Genetics, and Holistic Management Across the Life Cycle
Authors: Yan Yiming , Zhou Disheng , Chen Jianhua
Published: October 2024

This review explores the understudied topic of nutritional inequality among individuals with schizophrenia, highlighting the complex interplay between diet, genetics, and mental health. Unhealthy dietary patterns, socioeconomic factors, and disordered eating behaviors contribute to malnutrition, increasing the risk of physical health issues and premature mortality. Socioeconomic factors exacerbate nutritional disparities, necessitating targeted interventions. Genetic influences on nutrient metabolism remain under-researched, although nutritional genomics shows potential for personalized interventions. Current research reveals methodological gaps, urging larger sample sizes and standardized approaches. The integration of nutrigenomics, encompassing various omics disciplines, emerges as a transformative tool. The holistic life-cycle approach to schizophrenia management underscores the vital role of nutrition, calling for personalized interventions to enhance mental health outcomes.
Mediterranean Diet Pattern: Potential Impact on the Different Altered Pathways Related to Cardiovascular Risk in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rovira Jordi , Ramirez-Bajo María José , Bañon-Maneus Elisenda , Ventura-Aguiar Pedro , Arias-Guillén Marta , Romano-Andrioni Barbara , Ojeda Raquel , Revuelta Ignacio , García-Calderó Héctor , Barberà Joan Albert , Dantas Ana Paula , Diaz-Ricart Maribel , Crispi Fàtima , García-Pagán Juan Carlos , Campistol Josep M. , Diekmann Fritz
Published: October 2024

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the most common cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Several studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of CVD due to its influence on endothelial function, inflammation, lipid profile, and blood pressure. Integrating metabolomic and proteomic analyses of CKD could provide insights into the pathways involved in uremia-induced CVD and those pathways modifiable by the Mediterranean diet. Methods: We performed metabolomic and proteomic analyses on serum samples from 19 patients with advanced CKD (aCKD) and 27 healthy volunteers. The metabolites were quantified using four different approaches, based on their properties. Proteomic analysis was performed after depletion of seven abundant serum proteins (Albumin, IgG, antitrypsin, IgA, transferrin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen). Integrative analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 and STRING 11.0 software to identify the dysregulated pathways and biomarkers. Results: A total of 135 metabolites and 75 proteins were differentially expressed in aCKD patients, compared to the controls. Pathway enrichment analysis showed significant alterations in the innate immune system pathways, including complement, coagulation, and neutrophil degranulation, along with disrupted linoleic acid and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, certain key metabolites and proteins were altered in aCKD patients, such as glutathione peroxidase 3, carnitine, homocitrulline, 3-methylhistidine, and several amino acids and derivatives. Conclusions: Our findings reveal significant dysregulation of the serum metabolome and proteome in aCKD, particularly in those pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction and CVD. These results suggest that CVD prevention in CKD may benefit from a multifaceted approach, including dietary interventions such as the Mediterranean diet.
Effects of Bisphenol A on the Risk of Developing Obesity
Authors: García García Mónica , Picó Yolanda , Morales-Suárez-Varela María
Published: October 2024

Background: Every year the global incidence of obesity increases considerably and among the factors that favor it is bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor widely used in plastics and omnipresent in many everyday objects. Methods: A total of 19 studies published between 2018 and 2023 that addressed the relationship between BPA exposure and obesity were included in this review in order to better understand its behavior and mechanisms of action. Results: The studies reviewed conclude that BPA is an obesogen that alters the function of hormonal receptors, promotes metabolic syndrome, affects certain genes, etc., leading to a greater risk of developing obesity. With important emphasis on the ability to cause epigenetic changes, thus transmitting the effects to offspring when exposure has occurred during critical stages of development such as during gestation or the perinatal period. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence to show that BPA is a risk factor in the development of obesity. Even so, further research is necessary to exhaustively understand the causal relationship between the two in order to develop prevention measures and avoid possible future adverse effects.