bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Governance in Mizoram: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Sailo Lalhruaitluangi
Published: August 2021

Background: The phenomenon of COVID-19 has remained a mystery to mankind. It is not just about the disease but has also multiple ripple effects on every aspect of life. It has completely changed the course of living in a short period. The entry of Covid-19 has taken a heavy toll on human beings in particular and on every government and institution in general. Hence, for the survival and safeguard of the human race, various governments came up with protocols and measures against the spread of Covid19. Apparently, lockdown is one of the strategies widely adopted by the governments as a means to overcome the Covid-19 issue. Although, being under the same umbrella, there are countries that are worst affected by Covid-19 while some countries do not face as much. No doubt that the virus has reached every nook and corner of the globe, as a matter of fact Mizoram which is situated at the corner of most of North-East India has also been under the distress of Covid-19
Aim: The study examined and understand governance on Covid19 in Mizoram. It stresses how the government and various organizations had given efforts in this situation and how the policy being adopted by them has had an impact on the people so far. It also emphasises the issues and challenges of governance policy on Covid-19 for further references.
Methods and Materials: The study was descriptive while data is collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources was based on empirical analysis and questionnaire collected through online survey method while secondary sources include articles, journals, newspapers and internet. Findings are based on an online survey method that was conducted with a sample size of 500 and the universe of the study is Aizawl, Mizoram.
Results: Findings of the study have suggested that there is a lack of efficiency in carrying out the governance policy on COVID-19. Although, studies have shown that the setting up of Task Force initiated by the government and their contribution and involvement in the governance is considered remarkable.
Conclusion: After all, COVID-19 is assumed to exist long enough along with human beings, therefore, for the survival of an individual, one needs to work and function daily. Thus, by keeping that in mind, Mizoram in particular where the economy is weak and not self-sufficient, the State government and official experts have to adopt new methods and strategies besides “lockdown” for the well-being of the people.

Keywords: COVID-19, Lockdown, Government, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Task Force, Governance, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN AQUEOUS SAMPLES BY HPLC-FLD WITH SALTING-OUT LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION
Authors: ACOSTA Byron , CIPRIANI-AVILA Isabel
Published: August 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of more than 100 different chemical substances, which contain two, or more fused aromatic rings most of them toxic or carcinogenic. In this study, the Quechers extraction conditions were adapted to perform the extraction of aqueous samples. Quechers has become a standard technique for the analysis of pesticides and other organic substances. Its simplicity and low cost have made it popular in laboratories around the world for processing samples such as fruits and vegetables. The success of this method on solid samples contrasts with the advances in the extraction of aqueous samples where tedious steps of extraction, concentration and solvent changes must be carried out prior to the instrumental analysis. A methodology for the liquid-liquid extraction (water/acetonitrile) of 15 PAHs in aqueous matrices was developed. The mixture was saturated with anhydrous sodium sulfate to cause the partitioning and the extract was analyzed by High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection (HPLCFLD). The recoveries of analytes achieved (61-114%) were comparable to those expected using traditional extraction techniques, and with moderate uncertainty. The results were consistent with the expectations for of the required analytical and concentration ranges.
SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOCARBINOL AND CYCLOCARBINOLATE DERIVATIVES OF CYMANTRENE AND THEIR ANTI-SMOKE EFFECTIVENESS FOR DIESEL FUELS
Authors: GULIYEVA Esmira A , GURBANOV Zaur H , JABIYEV Yadigar A , SHEKILIYEV Fikret , SULEIMANOV Gulmamed Z , ABBASOVA Tamilla A
Published: August 2021

The results of the development of synthesis technique of cyclocarbinol derivatives of cymantrene and the production of relevant barium cyclocarbinolate metal complexes – new, advanced anti-smoke additives were presented. Comparative data on the anti-smoke effectiveness of synthesized compounds and known antismoke additives for diesel fuels were also presented. Established, results of the development of a single-stage synthesis method of cyclocarbinol derivatives of cymantrene can be assumed as a basic process for producing high-effective anti-smoke additives to diesel fuels that comply with the requirements of ecology in operation of diesel vehicles.
HDPE/METHYLSILANE MODIFIED DIATOMITE COMPOSITES: ANALYSIS OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: FENSTERSEIFER C. R. , BRAMBILLA R.
Published: August 2021

According to IUPAC, the composites are multicomponent materials comprising multiple, different (nongaseous) phase domains in which at least one type of phase domain is a continuous phase.High density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with silica particles is an example of a composite material. Diatomite is a natural silica commonly used in filter media.In the present work, the diatomite was organofunctionalized with methyltriethoxysilane (C1) and then used in the preparation of HDPE/diatomite composites with diatomite content of 2.0 and 5.0 wt%. The composites were evaluated in terms of mechanical properties by dynamicmechanical analysis (DMTA), Izod impact test and flexural strength and tensile strength tests.TheFourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) of the organofunctionalized diatomite presented bands characteristic of methyl groups, proving the efficiency of the surface modification.The addition of 5.0% diatomite in HDPE resulted in an increase of 8.0 °C in thermal stability, crystallinity (72 to 78%) and in approximately 4.0% in the storage modulus (G '), compared to pure HDPE.SEM analyzes showed the presence of diatomite agglomerates in the HDPE matrix. The Izod impact strength of the composites for this composite was 50 J / m, half of that observed for pure HDPE. The properties of tensile strength were not influenced by the presence of diatomite in HDPE.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE FROM THE PUBLIC SLAUGHTERHOUSE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF POMBAL-PB
Authors: SILVA Michel Almeida da , ANDRADE SOBRINHO Luiz Gualberto de , ALMEIDA Simone Nóbrega Ribeiro , SILVA Gillianno Almeida da , ALMEIDA Ricardo Ricelli Pereira de
Published: August 2021

The agroindustries, especially cattle slaughterhouses, are by nature generators of large amounts of solid waste, and when inadequately managed it can lead to potential environmental and health problems, such as pollution and contamination of water bodies and soil, production of fetid gases, besides the proliferation of micro and macro vectors of diseases. The objective was to carry out a diagnosis of solid waste management from the public slaughterhouse of Pombal-PB, identifying possible management failures and pointing out environmental control measures in all phases of the same. The methodology was based on a documental, bibliographical and field survey through the application of questionnaires with the direct social actors of the municipal Sanitary Surveillance, the Secretariat of the Environment, the Secretariat of Agriculture, employees of the slaughterhouse in question and analysis of the physical facilities, legislation, supervision and environmental impacts of these services in this agroindustry. The results analyzed allowed us to glimpse the need for specifications, normatizations and structural, sanitary and environmental adaptations in the slaughterhouse of Pombal-PB, as well as adequate management of solid waste and liquid effluents from the production process, because they present serious deficiencies in all stages of management and the actions to control the negative environmental impacts of their activities are incipient.
SUBSTANTIATION OF DESIGN AND STANDARD PARAMETERS OF CHOPPER OF SOAKED GRAIN OF LEGUMINOUS PLANTS (AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE SOYA GRAIN)
Authors: FROLOV Vladimir Ju , KLASNER Georgy G , SYSOEV Denis P
Published: August 2021

The most efficient way to prepare the leguminous plants’ seeds for the livestock animal food is making of the protein emulsion. There are a lot of ways of obtaining the protein emulsion. However, process operations provide for the use of large-scale, energy-intensive and expensive machines, which often cannot be afforded by the small enterprises producing more than 50% of animal and poultry products today. This way, it is necessary to develop a universal technology of making the protein emulsion applied in small holdings. The research objective is the development of a waste-free technology of making the protein emulsion for animal food. Proceeding from the patent search for technologies and designs to make a protein emulsion we offered a waste-free technology, which makes it possible to unite a whole number of technological operations (chopping, extraction, a division of suspension into fractions) into one operation through using a new facility, the RF Patent No. 2614777. Theoretical and experimental research of processes of the grain chopping and the soy protein extraction into emulsion was described. The main design and standard parameters of the device developed were substantiated theoretically and experimentally.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM DIBORETH (MgB2)
Authors: MATTJE Vanessa Mendes , PINHEIRO André Rodrigues , PEREIRA Douglas Henrique
Published: August 2021

The present work made a molecular theoretical study of the structural and electronic properties of the geometric isomers of magnesium diboride (MgB2). The systems have specific characteristics and are very promising for technological applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging devices, motors, and generators. The same is still used in the industries of electronic devices, floating trains (MAGLEV), electricity and Biomagnetism. The results show that the geometric isomer with the lowest energy value is the cyclic species, which is the most stable. The formation enthalpies found were 205.38 Kcal mol-1 and 45.66 Kcal mol-1 for MgB2-cyclic and for B-Mg-B respectively. By means of the analysis Frontier Molecular Orbital it was possible to identify the shape of the HOMO - LUMO orbitals and how they contribute to the ligand and anti-ligand bands and thus to the superconducting properties of the compound. Finally, the NBO analysis confirmed that the most stable geometric isomer is MgB2-cyclic, presenting more interactions between donor or receptor orbitals.
LANGMUIR ISOTHERM: KINETIC AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: CASTRO Douglas Azevedo , PEREIRA Douglas Henrique , LEAL Paulo Vitor Brandão
Published: August 2021

Adsorption processes present increasing applications in the most diverse matrices of systems. In this scenario the Langmuir isotherm has highlight and importance. Although it is the simplest isotherm model, in most adsorption studies it is considered, since it is the basis for the formulation of almost all other models proposed in literature. Thus the Langmuir model is applied in the most diverse types of adsorption processes, such as: removal of metallic ions, organic compounds, pollutants generated by agriculture, dyes, mining effluents, among others. The types of adsorbents are also the most varied with highlight: alternative adsorbents, activated carbon and zeolites. Thus, the Langmuir isotherm evaluation, its origin and approximations is of extreme relevance for students and teachers who are interested and / or working with adsorptive processes. The isotherm was first published in 1916 and it parts of simple concepts for its formulation. Thus, this paper presents deductions from the Langmuir equation in two ways: (a) via kinetic considerations and (b) via equilibrium considerations. In addition, it proposes an evaluation of Gibbs energy of the process and some ways of estimating the number of surface adsorption sites.
SOLVENT-FREE SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF rac-2-THIOHYDANTOIN-VALINE
Authors: DELGADO G. E. , MORA Asiloé J. , GONZÁLEZ T. , SANTOS I. , RIVAS P. , SEIJAS L. E.
Published: August 2021

Thiohydantoins have been used in the manufacture of medicines and in industrial processes. Depending on the nature and type of substitution on the heterocyclic ring, these compounds may display pharmaceutical and biological activity with a variety of applications as antiepileptic, antitumoral, antiinflammatory, and principally for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, a new thiohydantoin was synthetized from the valine amino acid and structurally characterized. The title compound, C6H10N2O2S, with systematic name rac-5-isopropyl-2-tioxoimidazolidin-4-one, has been synthetized by a solvent-free synthesis. The heterocyclic compound was characterized by spectroscopic infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). This material crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. In the supramolecular structure, the molecules are joined by N- --H···O and N---H···S hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric R2 2(8) dimers and C2 2(9) chains that run along the [001] direction in an infinite one-dimensional network.
SOROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTRORS FOR CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIOSIS IN ITAPORANGA-PB
Authors: ALVES T. W. B. , ANDRADE JÚNIOR F. P. de , BARBOSA V. S. de A.
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis (VCL) in the municipality of Itaporanga-PB between the years 2015 and 2016. 180 records of notification and investigation of suspected dogs deposited at the Municipal Health Department were retrieved, where the variables were analyzed using the absolute number and relative frequency, applying the chi-square test. The seroprevalence corresponded to 13,3% when associated to two diagnostic methodologies: rapid immunochromatographic test (TR DPP®) and ELISA (EI LCV). Of the 24 seropositive dogs, male (70,8%), undecided (79,2%), urban area (70,8%) and age greater than two years (70,8%) prevailed. The analysis of the clinical signs revealed statistical significance and presence of risk between alopecia (p= 0,001; OR= 7,474; PR= 4,237) and multiple wounds (p= 0,000; OR= 7,667; PR= 4,529) with seropositivity. Seroprevalence in Itaporanga-PB was compared to other municipalities in Paraíba, Northeast and Brazil, and the other variables and risk factors were discussed with the literature. Due to the epidemiological situation of the city, the continuation of canine serological surveys in subsequent years and the application of other prophylactic measures for parasitosis.
MONITORING RESIDUES OF AGROCHEMICALS IN COMMERCIAL DRIED HERBS USING GC-MS-SIM
Authors: DE LIMA Rayani Almeida , DE MEDEIROS Giovana Mendonça , UEKANE Thais Matsue , DE REZENDE Claudia Moraes , ALVES Andréa Aparecida Ribeiro
Published: August 2021

Dried herbs presents several chemical compounds that are precursor of pleasant aroma, which justifies its use in cooking. However, as in every agricultural product, they are subject to have agrochemical residue contamination. International Codex Alimentarius is the responsible for regulation, standardization and establishment of maximum residue limits allowed in each culture, and in Brazil, ANVISA is responsible for this regulation. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a method to monitor the agrochemicals aldrin, dicofol, dieldrin, and methidathion in basil, rosemary, oregano, fennel, bay leaf and clove dried herbs, using solid phase extraction and GC-MS-SIM. The method was validated according to the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, intermediate precision, limit of detection and quantification parameters. Accuracy results were higher than 90 % for all agrochemicals; intermediate precision assessed as RSD, ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 %; detection of limit and quantification of limit were between 0.21 to 1.65 mg L-1 and 0.62 to 5.00 mg L-1, respectively. Validated parameters were within acceptable values for ANVISA. The developed method was applied to 34 commercial samples of dried herbs, and any of the agrochemicals studied were detected or quantified in these samples.
SHORT FIBER FLUFF CELLULOSE INDUSTRY: ECONOMIC VIABILITY AND ENERGY POTENTIAL
Authors: VALENTIM Luana Cristina Gomes , LUCENA Helena de Andrade Nogueira , AMARAL Igor Brumano Coelho , COUTO Luiz Carlos , REIS Arlete Barbosa
Published: August 2021

The short fiber fluff cellulose industry, although it is still a recent technology in Brazil, given its use in the market for absorbent and disposable diapers, has been increasing in recent years. Regardless of the search for alternative sources of obtaining pulp with a higher degree of purity, the present work also aimed at reducing environmental impacts, focusing on the production of energy, replacing fossil fuels with waste generated in the process, such as biomass and black liquor. Making possible the implementation of a fluff pulp industry in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni/MG. The theoretical study followed the production process methodology involving the separation of cellulose from the other components of wood fibers, such as hemicellulose and lignin, using for that, wood short fiber. Within this context, it was possible to conclude that, with the product having a brightness of 85-95%, it will present 90% fibers and 10% water in its final composition. It is also anticipated that the industry will operate 24 hours daily. In this way, the industrial project is expected to produce 62.5 ton/h of work and through economic analysis, the return on investment was realized in the four-month period.
ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS AND SPECIFIC PREDICTS OF OBSTETRIC ANTIFOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
Authors: RODRIGUES A. N. , ANDRADE I. C. dos S. , LEON C. M. M. P. de
Published: August 2021

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), or Hughes's disease, an autoimmune systemic disease, is the most common thrombophilias acquired in the young adult. In obstetrics, it is characterized clinically and may be associated with other diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the specific laboratory predictors of high risk for fetal loss, as well as the main associated symptomatologies. This study was performed through data analysis of 1557 pregnant patients diagnosed with classic antiphospholipid syndrome. The condition most associated with patients with obstetric SAF in the present study was the presence of previous abortion, followed by early delivery, thrombosis, fetal death, recurrent abortion and pre-eclampsia. The laboratory predictors associated with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome were lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin IgG / IgM. It is necessary to carry out a study to complement the profile of the patients of this syndrome in pregnancy, because the development of antiphospholipid antibodies appear to be frequent in critically ill patients, but more studies are necessary to clarify their pathogenic role and its implications in clinical practice.
KINETICS OF POLYMER CARRIER IMPREGNATION BY TRIALKYLAMINE
Authors: TROSHKINA I. D , OBRUCHNIKOVA J. A , VESELOVA O. A , PESTOV S. M
Published: August 2021

The immediacy of the problem under study is due to the lack of data on the kinetics of polymer carrier impregnation with extraction agents. The article is aimed at obtaining the kinetic characteristics of the impregnation of a polymeric macroporous carrier—a weakly acidic cation resin with carboxyl groups—with trialkylamine and its solutions in acetone. The integral kinetic curves of the extraction agent adsorption on the carrier were obtained. This allowed estimating the time of equilibrium by the limited solution volume method. This time was 25-30 hours, decreasing with the application of a dilution agent and with the increase in temperature. The kinetic impregnation characteristics were calculated by means of the pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and internal diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order model describes the experimental kinetic data with a high correlation degree (R2 0.995-0.997) and points out that interaction with two sorption centres possibly takes place with the adsorption of a single trialkylamine molecule. The impregnation rate constants via an extraction agent were calculated using all kinetic models. Based on the apparent activation energy magnitude (37±14 kJ/mol), it can be assumed that diffusion is the rate-limiting step of the impregnation process. This article can be useful for creating impregnates containing extraction agents of various classes.
5-ACETYL-8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE AND 5-FORMYL-8- HYDROXYQUINOLINE: CHELATING AGENTS FOR COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS
Authors: FERNANDEZ-MAESTRE Roberto , MARRUGO-GONZÁLEZ Alonso J
Published: August 2021

Metal–organic ligand complexes are essential to many technological developments from protein supramolecular assemblies to solvent extraction, complexometric titrations, and environmental remediation. We studied the chelating and acid-base properties in ethanol of two derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline (Q), 5-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (A) and 5-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (F), of which applications as chelators are unknown. The ligands acidity followed the order F (pKa1 2.9; pKa2 9.5)> A (pKa1 4.8; pKa2 9.6)> Q (pKa1 5.3; pKa2 10.0) due to inductive effects of electronegative groups, formyl in F and acetyl in A. The higher acidity of F with respect to A was due to the higher electronegativity of the formyl group in F. This acidity order was reflected in larger formation constants of F-metal complexes with pKf values of 32 (Fe3+), 27.1 (Cu2+), 26.2 (Cu2+), and 24.9 (Pb2+), than with A, with pKf values of 31, 22.5, 21.4 and 21.2 with these metals, or the pKf values in the literature for Q. In summary, A and F resulted excellent chelators for metals in complexometric titrations with large formation constants; these large formation constants recommend the application of these compounds in masking, preconcentration, and titration of metals by complexation and oxidation-reduction reactions.
SYNTHESIS OF SODALITE ZEOLITE TO TREATMENT OF TEXTILE EFFLUENTS
Authors: KLUNK Marcos Antonio , DASGUPTA Sudipta , NUNES Bruno Vinicius Gomes , WANDER Paulo Roberto
Published: August 2021

Textile dye industry causes environmental impacts due to inappropriate disposal of effluents. Several processes have been studied to effective treatment in the dye removal, one of the main molecular sieves (zeolites). The zeolite material, especially sodalite, has the ability to adsorb the metals and functional chromophore groups. Therefore, the sodalite has characteristics that have attention to the scientific community for the treatment of textile effluents. The aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the use of sodalite zeolite in four Si/Al ratios (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5) and to test the adsorption capacity in the presence of violet crystal textile dye. As result, the synthesized zeolites presented a characteristic that places them in the adsorbent materials. Among the techniques used for characterization, we have the mean pore diameter between 1.65 and 2.07 nm. X-ray diffraction revealed crystalline phases as sodalite zeolite with the presence of kaolinite, mullite, and quartz. Cation-exchange-capacity was between 0.8871 to 1.017 meq/g, where it had a 14.65% increase of the 2.5-SOD sample. The dye adsorption process was reduced to 12% (44 mg/L). Thus, it has concluded that the obtained sodalite zeolites have potential in the effective removal of dyes from the textile industry.
ON THE ADOPTION OF BIM-TECHNOLOGY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF TEACHING CIVIL ENGINEERS
Authors: TARKHANOVA Olga V , KUSHAKOVA Nelli P
Published: August 2021

The article outlines the problem of improving the system of teaching future civil engineers, in connection with the strategic development of the construction industry. Existing forms, methods of teaching graduates of a construction university are studied. The essence of information modeling Buildings Information Modeling (BIM) technologies – is analyzed. The correspondences between the knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired by the students in the course of study of the disciplines of the area 08.03.01. Construction and roles of specialists participating in the BIM-projecting are revealed. The algorithm of adoption of information modeling of BIMtechnologies into the educational process of future civil engineers is proposed with the purpose of improving the qualification of specialists who are proficient in modern technologies of the design of construction operations.
ENGINEERING THINKING AND WAYS TO FORM IT IN STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: KHAIRULLINA Larisa B , MAMAEVA Natali L , FILIPOVSKAYA Olga I , MAKHNEVA Arina N , TELUSHKINA Tatiana Yu
Published: August 2021

The practical experience of implementing the technologies of forming engineering thinking of students of higher educational institutions is given in the paper. The formation of engineering thinking through the competence approach is possible due to the study not only of the theoretical lecture course but also the solution of practical problems with the introduction of interactive teaching methods. Studies have shown that the use of various techniques in the educational process has markedly increased the perception of the theoretical material by the students, and, importantly, the interest in a discipline and the need for acquiring, preserving, multiplying knowledge.
BREEDING SUCCESS OF BUFF-NECKED IBIS (Theristicus caudatus) (PELECANIFORMES: THRESKIORNITHIDAE) IN ARAUCARIA PLATEAU, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL.
Authors: DAL CORNO Renata De Boni , AVER Gustavo Francisco , PETRY Maria Virginia
Published: August 2021

The life history of a species can be considered the main source of information about it, parameters such as incubation period, number of eggs and chicks, may represent the aptitude of individuals in relation to the environment, modified or not. Thus information from the reproductive success of a species allows evaluating the relationship of individuals to environmental changes. This study aimed to assess the reproductive success of three different populations of Buff-necked ibis, Theristicus caudatus, in Araucaria Plateau. The groups were followed in the reproductive season of 2011, three breeding which had environmental characteristics different from each other. We used three methods to determine the reproductive success: apparent success, hatching rate of eggs and protocol of Mayfield. In 600 hours of observation during the reproductive period, approximately 200 hours for each group, there was an average of 1.87 ± 0.74 eggs per nest. The apparent success and the protocol of Mayfield showed proportional differences between the groups. The environment where individuals were nesting in group B can be considered a compromise between the characteristics of other groups, with anthropogenic characteristics that draw predators away from nests and feeding areas, while feeding sites has reduced external influences.
MACHINABILITY ANALYSIS OF AN AL-1,2% Pb ALLOY SOLIDIFIED IN A HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DEVICE
Authors: NASCIMENTO Jacson Malcher , BARROS Regiane Socorro , KONNO Camila Yuri , SILVA Adrina Paixão , ROCHA Otávio , MOREIRA Antônio Seabra
Published: August 2021

In general, the binary monotectic alloys are characterized by the limited solubility in the liquid state, which gives them a benefited tribological behavior such as wear resistance. Researches regarding the development of monotectic alloy microstructures during the unsteady-state heat flow conditions are fundamental, as it encompasses most of the solidification industrial processes. However, the microstructural relationship between the mechanical properties of monotectic alloys is little explored and practically nil. In this context, the present study consists of investigating and correlating solidification thermal variables and structural parameters such as microhardness and machinability (cutting temperatures and tool wear) of Al-1.2wt% Pb alloy, in a horizontal directional device. It was observed that the cutting temperature and tool wear results complement each other when correlated with position and interphase spacing, indicating that for smaller interphase spacings the addition of lead harms machinability.
USO OF FACTOR PLANNING TO EVALUATE THE LEVEL OF GERMINATION OF L. SATIVA AND L. ESCULENTUM FRONT OF TWO MEDICINAL PLANTSITLE IN CAPITAL
Authors: PIRES Edjane Vieira , DE CARVALHO Cenira Monteiro , DA COSTA João Gomes , PIRES Georgiane de Alameida , DA SILVA Erika Matias
Published: August 2021

The exacerbated application of chemical control in agriculture brings several damages to the environment and man, as the herbicides are one of these routinely used tools. In this sense, the following study was carried out with the objective of evaluating by means of factorial planning 23 which factors should be considered to obtain better experimental results of the germinative inhibitory activity. Therefore the allelopathic action of the aqueous extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens and Anemopaegma arvense, obtained at two temperatures (25ºC and 100ºC) and two types of receptors (Lactuca sativa seeds and Lycopersicum esculentum seeds). The tests were performed in duplicate with the 50% and 100% (v/v) concentrations of each extract. Therefore, the temperature of the extracting solvent, characteristic of the receiver seed and concentration of the aqueous extract of the medicinal plant, are the factors observed in this experimental design The results of the factorial planning showed that the seed factor was predominantly influencing the activity of S. astringens and A. arvense as inhibitors of germination of L. sativa and L. esculentum, respectively, therefore reinforcing that the plant-plant interaction follows an ecophysiological specificity.
MERCURY AND METHYLMERCURY IN SURFACE WATERS OF ARID AND HUMID REGIONS, AND THE ROLE OF HUMIC ACIDS IN MERCURY MIGRATION
Authors: Safonov V. A. , Danilova V. N. , Ermakov V. V. , Vorobyov V.I
Published: August 2021

Using the methods of selective extraction, atomic absorption, and gas-liquid chromatography, we determined that the river and lake waters in arid and/or humid regions differ in their total and alkylated mercury content indices. Mercury high content levels in waters of arid landscapes (e.g., in Kyrgyzstan) do not activate metal methylation process. The features of the interaction of mercury and humic compounds like fulvic (FA) and humic (HA) acids are discussed. The FA are found to promote mercury dispersion in the biosphere due to the formation of fulvic complexes and abiogenic methylation of mercury resulting in the toxic organomercuric compounds. The HA manifest high sorption capacity levels in relation to mercury ions and serve as sorbents. At a competitive interaction in the system FA-Нg-HA, Кd for mercury drops sharply with an increase in FA concentration and рН system. The metabolism of mercury in the biosphere in terms of its content in the soilplant complex is discussed.
CAFFEINE REMOVAL BY ACTIVATED CARBON FROM COFFEE GROUNDS WITH ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION IN ALUMINUM CAPSULES
Authors: CARVALHO Endrew Henrique de Sousa , CUBA Renata Medici Frayne , TERAN Francisco Javier Cuba
Published: August 2021

Activated carbon is used like adsorbent in removing gaseous and liquid pollutants besides purification and chemical recovery. However, its production has a high cost and has sought alternative precursors materials such as coffee grounds. The objective of this study was to determine the removal of caffeine in aqueous solution using activated carbon produced from coffee grounds by adsorption. The coffee grounds was impregnated with ZnCl2 and activated in aluminum capsules where it was used alcohol cotton and put fire to consume the oxygen inside. The adsorption test was performed with concentration of caffeine of 25 mg/L, 0.5 g of activated carbon in 100 mL samples, leaving the suspension under stirring for 120 minutes, in acid, neutral and basic pH. The pH range which obtained better removal was the neutral, removing 99.04% caffeine in 40 minutes. The kinetic test was performed in 20 minutes with the intraparticle model being the best fit.
FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES OF MODERN RUSSIAN CIVIL ENGINEER IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: GUSAROVA M. S. , KOPYTOVA A. V. , RESHETNIKOVA I. G.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the author's view on the new training course "Personnel Management" for masterdegree builders aimed at forming leadership competencies. It is necessary to change the paradigm of training an engineer and include in the process of the formation such subjects that are aimed at forming his or her organizational competencies, leadership, responsibility for making decisions in the field of team management. As a part of the new training approach, it is proposed to build the leadership skills with the help of active teaching methods: business games, project teams, case studies, training. Basing on work experience and curriculum development, it is known that the main difficulty for compilers of curricula is a selection of those subjects that will help to implement these competencies. Therefore, we propose the subject (module) "Personnel management" that has the deep basis of knowledge of many personal issues and is made up of a set of interdisciplinary themes with a set of new activity tools. The condition for the training of civil engineers is to increase the activity component: application of project management, work in small groups (teams), CDIO initiative, interdisciplinary approaches, practice-oriented training.
TOTAL PHENOL AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT, ANTIOXIDANT AND ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OF THE UNRIPE FRUITS OF Solanum lycocarpum
Authors: SILVA Izabela Caputo Assis , FONSECA Juliana Costa , COIMBRA Mairon César , DUARTE-ALMEIDA Joaquim Maurício , LIMA Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: August 2021

The species Solanum lycocarpum is popularly known as “fruit of the wolf”, and is widely used in traditional medicine. In the present study, the hexane and methanol extracts obtained from the unripe fruits of S. lycocarpum, using a Soxhlet extractor, were evaluated for allelopathic and antioxidant activities. In addition, the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was determined. The extracts showed antioxidant activity at the seven concentrations tested. The EC50 values obtained for the extracts could be correlated directly with the content of the phenolic compounds and flavonoids present in the samples. For the allelopathic activity, the samples showed heterogeneous effects on the growth of the hypocotyl and radicle of onion seeds, as well as inhibitory effects against lettuce seeds. These results encourage further studies of this species in order to isolate and identify the compounds responsible for these activities that, in the future, could be used as antioxidants or allelochemicals of a natural origin.
RESEARCHING SOME OF THE PARAMETERS OF KURA (“MTKVARI”) RIVER IN TWO NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES – GEORGIA AND TURKEY, IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: KUPATADZE Ketevan , KIZILOZ Burak
Published: August 2021

The article examines some of the indicators of Mtkvari River in terms of environmental chemistry. The study covers full 2016-2017 and the first half of 2018 in Georgia and Turkey. In particular, the data were collected from sampling points in Tbilisi and Karsi. In the context of Georgia, for us, the existing situation in Tbilisi was far more interesting, as contamination by additional anthropogenic factors is getting increased here. In addition to this, the fish caught in Mtkvari in Tbilisi is used as food and for sale by the local population. Respectively, the river condition affects the health of the population. Mktvari is a common river to two neighbor countries (it flows in the third country as well, however, we limited ourselves to Turkey and Georgia only), therefore its environmental study is deemed to be crucial. Chemical parameters were defined on site. Other parameters were determined in the lab. Transportation of samples was conducted through the International Standard Organization (ISO) methodology. The obtained results showed moderate contamination.
FORMATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INJECTION-TYPE MINERAL WATER DEPOSITS AS EXEMPLIFIED BY CHAPAEVSKOYE FIELD IN KORSAKOV DISTRICT OF SAKHALIN REGION
Authors: SAKHAROV Valerii A , MOROZOVA Olga A , VYPRYAZHKIN Evgeniy N , POLIAK Hanna S
Published: August 2021

Underground mineral water is widely used in balneology and food industry. Known deposits are usually away from the consumer, which negatively affects their accessibility. A certain combination of climatic conditions, hydrology, tectonics and groundwater hydrology in some region makes it possible for injection-type mineral water deposits to form in the areas free of their outer indicators. Required data may be obtained from available literary sources, which significantly expands the areas for the search of deposits in close proximity to potential consumers. Injection-type deposits feature very complex structure, which is why their exploration and operation have its specifics. These aspects have been addressed on a particular example. The research objective is to study the factors that enable the formation of injection-type mineral water deposits in the first place and factors that affect changes of groundwater chemical composition in the course of water exploitation in the second place. The article offers a quite detailed overview of data on the climate, hydrology, tectonics, geology and groundwater hydrology of the region. Data analysis allows us to conclude on a possibility in principle of the formation of injection-type deposits in the study area. Field geophysical, drilling and hydrogeological surveys were used to develop quite a detailed deposit model in the chosen area and to show the mechanism of formation of groundwater chemical composition.
ANALYSIS OF ECOLOGICAL NICHES OF ORGANIC HORIZONS IN VARIOUS PHYTOCENOSIS-SOIL ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: POPOVA Natalia Valentinovna , TRIFONOVA Tatiana Anatolieva
Published: August 2021

The resistance of ground ecosystems to climatic influences is largely determined by the soil cover condition, where the organogenic horizon (ground litter) plays a crucial role. The interaction between vegetative waste and micro- and meso-organisms is regulated by temperature, humidity, physicochemical parameters of the environment, which altogether form an ecological niche of such an organogenic horizon. This paper aims to analyze the formation of ground organogenic horizons in various combinations of bio-climatic factors (ecological niches) and hence identify their association with soil-phytocenotic communities – various ground ecosystems. The study used the following methods: expert assessments, mapping, geographic forecasting, mathematical methods (correlation, dispersion, regression analysis, information-statistical method for assessing the intercomponent conjugacy of phenomena and factors), taxonomic method for categorizing the ground ecological niches. The quantitative parameters of soil-climatic factors (amount of ground litter, t/ha, active temperatures above 10 °C, precipitation ratio, redox potential, mV) that affect formation and development of ground organic horizons, were assessed. Four types of ecological niches formed in various ecosystems of the Earth were identified. The findings can be useful for a comparative analysis of the functioning of various ground ecosystems, the choice of methods for their rehabilitation and forecasting of their evolution in changing climate.
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF ARTIFICIAL ADJUVANT FOR PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC VACCINES
Authors: Savina S. V. , Skorlyakov V. M. , Zayarskiy D. A.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the research was to develop a new approach to designing a new structure in creating synthetic vaccines. We succeeded in synthesizing a polyelectrolyte adjuvant. As a starting material, we used polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride modified with halogen hydrate-ions. The pre-clinical tests carried out on laboratory animals demonstrated no deviations in their physiological and toxicological parameters.
EXTRACTION OF LIPID PROFILE COMPONENTS FROM PLASMA BY VARIOUS FORMS OF POLYMERIC SORBENTS WITH THE AMMONIUM AND PHOSPHONIUM BASE GROUPS
Authors: DORSKAIA Elena V , LEYKIN Yuri A , PESTOV Sergei M , KOVALENKO Aleksei E.
Published: August 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death globally. The purpose of the article is to reveal the forms of anion exchangers with groups of ammonium and phosphoniumbases, which are the most promising for selective extraction of low- and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL and VLDL), their increased content beinga risk factor of circulatory system diseases. This research is of practical importance considering insufficient selectivity and side effects of commercial sorbents. The main method applied is a screening of a number of sorbents by sorption parameters of lipid profile components to reveal optimum samples for LDL and VLDL removal. We carried out a comparative analysis of sorption characteristics by the components of lipid profile for anion exchangers with groups of onium bases (ammonium and phosphonium) in three forms: hydroxyl, chloride, and bicarbonate. Sorbent capacity for lipid profile components (up to 5.65 μmol/g by LDL and VLDL), as well as sorption efficiency factors, were found (LDL and VLDL selectivity coefficient was up to 6.06). The ability of sorbents to influence plasma atherogenicity was characterized. The most promising forms of anion exchangers for the selective sorption of lipids were defined: in general, these were OH-forms. A sorbent with ammonium base groups has higher sorption capacity, and a sorbent with phosphonium base groups has a higher selectivity for atherogenic LDL and VLDL. The data of the article may be useful in the development and practical application of sorption columns for selective removal of LDL and VLDL cholesterol with minimal side effects.
DETECTION OF FOCI OF TULAREMIA USING ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE PREDATORY BIRD PELLETS
Authors: ANDREYCHEV Alexey; , BOYAROVA Ekaterina , LAPSHIN Alexander , KUZNETSOV Vyacheslav
Published: August 2021

The results of identifying tularemia foci using the predatory bird pellets in the central part of Russia using the example of the Republic of Mordovia are presented. The efficacy of tularemia detection in pellets compared with other biomaterials has been shown. The average content of the tularemia microbe antigen from the predatory bird pellets was 9,4%. The greatest number of registrations of the causative agent of tularemia in the pellets was observed in Eagle Owl (29,2%). To a lesser extent, the pathogen was detected in the Ural Owl (14,7%). The tularemia pathogen was detected more often in the bird predator pellets than in the biomaterial from rodents. The largest share of positive samples was recorded in the riverine districts. The dynamics of identifying the causative agent of tularemia should be noted in 2015, 2017 and 2018, which are characterized by high values of the indicator.
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON EFFECT OF ROD GEOMETRY IN FHPP BETWEEN FE55006 NODULAR CAST IRON AND SAE 8620 STELL
Authors: MARTINAZZI Douglas , LEMOS Guilherme V. B , LANDELL Renan M , BUZZATTI Diogo T , BRUSIUS André , REGULY Afonso
Published: August 2021

Nodular cast irons are an excellent alternative in manufacturing process of axels due to their characteristics and good mechanical properties. However, the necessity of joining the axels to the gears and other components, made in carbon steel, is a great challenge. Traditional fusion welding methods applied to dissimilar ferrous materials are not deeply studied. In this context, it is well known that different materials have distinct melting points which can cause difficulty in welding, besides of defects formation from solidification. Therefore, modern joining processes such as Friction Hydro Pillar Processing (FHPP) are a great alternative. In this technology, a consumable rod is rotated against to a base material, generating the heat due to the friction, promoting materials in the plastic state and then producing the weld. Hence, this work presents a preliminary study of FHPP between the FE55006 nodular cast iron and SAE 8620 steel and evaluates the rod geometry influence on microstructure and surface stresses of the welded joints. Two rod geometries were used and two welds were further produced. The results indicated that an increase in the rod contact area promoted a lower surface stress as well as a better welded joint.
STUDYING THE SUBLIMATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
Authors: NEVEROV Evgeniy N. , KOROTKIY Igor A. , KOROTKAYA Elena V. , RASSHCHEPKIN Aleksandr N.
Published: August 2021

Background: The utilization of dry ice in cooling and storage units requires adjusting the intensity of sublimation due to the requirements of prudently using CO2 to maintain preset thermal conditions. Aim: When designing a carbon dioxide cycle, it is essential to consider the influence of thermal gradients on the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide. Methods: tests were conducted to study the production and sublimation of carbon dioxide. The testes were aimed to define the temperature relation of the dry ice sublimation period, the density of pressed СО2, and the humidity of the environment and concentration. Results and Discussion: According to the obtained test data, there was a linear relationship between the sublimation intensity and the ambient air temperature in the specified conditions. The effect of moisture condensation on the sublimation rate appeared weaker than expected, for the amount of moisture on the surface of the specimens was insignificant. The heat exchange was intensified by the fall of hoarfrost and the related surface expansion. However, much moisture froze out without reaching the dry ice surface, and the formed layer of ice formed a heat insulation surface, and the sublimation under that layer was less intensive. The direct influence of sublimation came from the pressure at which a specific specimen was formed; however, 75 kN pressure was optimal. Conclusion: Despite higher weight losses during the storage, the difference in spent energy is more critical than 90 kN. The factor no less important was the carbon dioxide storage temperature. The maximal sublimation time of a 55 g cylinder formed at 75 kN and stored at – 80°С was 135 hours, much higher than at similar parameters but at -60°С. That said, the amount of energy spent on operating a low-temperature chamber was almost identical.