bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elucidations of electronic and optical properties of the w‐ZnCh (Ch=O, S and Se) compounds: Insights from Ab‐initio calculations and spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Halati Mohamed Salah , Lounis Zakia , Khyzhun Oleg Y. , Caudano Yves , Shoush Kamel A. , Paramasivam Prabhu , Ghoneim Sherif S. M.
Published: October 2024

The electronic and optical properties of IIB‐VIA Zn‐based monochalcogenides w‐ZnCh (Ch: O, S and Se) were reported. The band structures using the FP‐LAPW method at zero pressure with the Tran–Blaha‐modified Becke–Johnson potential evidence that w‐ZnO, w‐ZnS and w‐ZnSe reveal direct band gaps (Γ–Γ) of 2.72, 3.87, and 2.88 eV, respectively. The complex dielectric function ε(ω), refractive index n(ω), extinction coefficient k(ω), absorption coefficient α(ω), reflectivity R(ω), energy‐loss function L(ω) and complex conductivity σ(ω), are determined. The microscopic origin of the observed fine‐structure peculiarities in the spectra of the imaginary part of the dielectric function (ε2(ω)) is identified. An intensive X‐Ray PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (XPES) investigation shows the effect of controlled UHV treatment (Ar+ ionic bombardment followed by gradual heating) as a method of cleaning and/or re‐crystallising the upper layers. XPES and XAES (Auger Electron induced by X‐Ray Excitation) transitions substantiate successfully the UHV in situ cleaning. The valence band structure was studied. The PLS technique employing UVvis excitation source of a 325 nm (He‐Cd) gas laser unveils that ZnO, zinc sulfide and ZnSe luminescence mechanism concerns the energy band gap. The results of the experimental studies are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
An online method for identifying metering relative errors in wide‐area interconnection CVTs using PMU measurements, SDP graphs, and ResNet50‐L1M
Authors: Jiang Chunyang , Xia Shengguo , Zhou Feng , Yin Xiaodong , Du Bolun
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes an online identification method utilizing phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements, symmetric dot pattern (SDP) graphs, and the ResNet50‐L1 M model to facilitate the rapid identification of metering relative errors among interconnected capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs) in wide‐area substations within power systems. First, PMUs measured the three‐phase voltage data from interconnected CVTs across wide‐area substations. The amplitude differences of the three‐phase voltages were converted into Euclidean distances, which were then transformed into SDP graphs, with each type of metering relative error corresponding to a distinct SDP graph. The ResNet50‐L1 M model was established by integrating an L1 norm‐based attention mechanism into the ResNet50 architecture. This model was then trained on CVT SDP graphs representing various error states to develop an online error identification system. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated based on data from the “Houshou transmission line” in Ningxia province, which connects the 330 kV Niushoushan substation and the 330 kV Houqiao substation operated by the State Grid Corporation of China. With 16 different error states tested, the model achieved an identification accuracy rate of 89.39%, demonstrating a notable improvement over other methods in comparative tests.
The relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive control problem with random coefficients
Authors: Dong Yuchao , Meng Qingxin , Zhang Qi
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to explore the relationship between maximum principle and dynamic programming principle for stochastic recursive control problem with random coefficients. Under certain regular conditions for the coefficients, the relationship between the Hamiltonian system with random coefficients and stochastic Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is obtained. It is very different from the deterministic coefficients case since stochastic Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is a backward stochastic partial differential equation with solution being a pair of random fields rather than a deterministic function. A linear quadratic recursive optimization problem is given as an explicitly illustrated example based on this kind of relationship.
Types of new energy and application status in China
Authors: Li Jiayu , Zhang Qitao
Published: October 2024

China as the world’s largest new energy market, new energy in China’s application of the status quo has attracted much attention. This paper introduces several new energy application directions and their advantages and disadvantages, and understands the role of new energy for power generation in China, taking new energy power generation as the main direction and focusing on the application of new energy in the western region of China. The method of field investigation and data analysis is used to explore in depth the development status and problems of new energy power generation in the western region. According to the survey, the western region of China is rich in energy. However, the application of new energy power generation technology in the western region still faces many challenges due to the geographical environment and technical limitations. This paper compares the power generation data of several regions in the west, draws out the problems of new energy development in the western region of China, and proposes relative solutions. This paper aims to comprehensively understand the current situation of new energy power generation in the western region of China, and provide a reference basis for the government as well as the relevant departments.
Transforming Manufacturing with Intelligent Technologies: Process Optimization and Industry Applications
Authors: Li Zhiyuan
Published: October 2024

With globalization and intensified market competition, traditional manufacturing faces numerous challenges, including rising labor costs, low production efficiency, and unstable product quality. Intelligent manufacturing, which integrates advanced digital, information, and automation technologies, offers promising solutions. This paper explores the application of intelligent manufacturing technologies across various industries, examining process optimization methods, system design and implementation, current research, and challenges. Data-driven optimization methods significantly enhance production efficiency and product quality in processes such as welding and assembly through real-time monitoring and feedback control. Industry-specific applications demonstrate substantial improvements in design and production efficiency in sectors like bus manufacturing, lifting machinery, shipbuilding, and textiles. The study highlights the importance of optimizing and adaptively controlling automated production lines, emphasizing the role of intelligent technologies and modular design in creating scalable and maintainable systems. Despite these advancements, intelligent manufacturing technologies face challenges such as complex technology integration, high demands for system reliability and real-time performance, and the need for improved data processing and algorithm optimization. To address these issues, recommendations include enhancing research in key areas, promoting standardization, deepening international cooperation, focusing on talent development, and increasing government support. This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises.
Research on Frequency Regulation Technology for Wind Power Generation
Authors: Hu Yunxuan
Published: October 2024

With the development of industrial technology, traditional energy sources are facing serious challenges, wind energy has become an alternative energy source, and its development prospects as a renewable energy source with cost-effectiveness close to traditional energy sources. However, nowadays, the enhancement of wind power FM technology is a key issue in the wind power generation system that needs to be solved urgently. This paper describes the urgency of the development of FM technology, and on this basis lists the current status of research on FM technology for wind turbine systems. The advantages and shortcomings of rotor inertia control, rotor overspeed control, pitch control, and combined control FM technology and its future outlook on wind power generation technology are introduced respectively. Separately, rotor inertia control has a high degree of instability with the possibility of a frequency drop again within a short period of time after frequency conversion. Rotor overspeed control has no hardware costs but can cause disturbances to the turbine operating speed. Pitch control is flexible and maneuverable, but can cause mechanical wear and tear. Relevant practitioners should further contribute to the power industry through advanced technical means. Offshore wind resources should be vigorously promoted and utilized. If we can make good use of it, it will bring a lot of convenience to people.
The research on photocatalytic semiconductor materials
Authors: He Jiale
Published: October 2024

A requirement for energy availability and environmental pollution control represents two critical challenges that necessitate immediate resolution. Among the multitude of alternative energy sources, solar green energy emerges as a distinct leader. Semiconductor materials are widely used in many fields of photocatalysis. Contaminant degradation and energy conversion using photoresponsive semiconductor materials. Furthermore, the creation of efficient photocatalysts is of paramount importance. In this paper, the basic principle of photocatalytic semiconductor and the whole process of photocatalytic reaction are introduced in detail. The process of photocatalytic reaction basically includes three stages, and the modification of photocatalytic semiconductor materials are also reviewed. In order to give full play to the excellent properties of semiconductor materials, optimizing the synthesis technology according to the different distribution of doping concentration is the main aspect of future research. It has been extensive used as a treatment of organic pollutants, photocatalytic water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction.
Application of nanomaterials in solar cell
Authors: Song Yunru , Zhu Wenhao
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the application of nanomaterials in solar cells, emphasizing the urgent need for renewable energy due to fossil fuel depletion and rising energy demands. It categorizes solar cells into three generations: silicon-based, semiconductor compounds, and novel nanomaterials. The third generation, including perovskite, nanowires, dye-sensitized, and quantum dot solar cells, shows significant potential for enhanced efficiency and reduced costs. Perovskite cells achieve high efficiency but face stability and environmental challenges. Nanowire cells offer material reduction and improved absorption but have lower efficiency. Dye-sensitized cells have advanced in stability and are promising for portable applications. Quantum dot cells benefit from core/shell structures and innovative materials. The paper concludes that the future of nanomaterial solar cells hinges on further improving efficiency, durability, and economic viability. Emphasis is placed on optimizing material structures, enhancing longevity under environmental conditions, innovating manufacturing processes, and expanding applications in diverse markets. The development of environmentally friendly nanomaterials is also crucial for sustainable energy solutions. The broad potential of these advanced solar cells promises significant advancements in renewable energy technologies.
Research progress on Sb-rich nanostructured films for phase-change memory
Authors: Huang Ruiying
Published: October 2024

In the era of big data, the demand for data storage is increasing. Researchers are currently seeking to develop a non-volatile, high-speed, highly reliable, and low-energy storage medium. Phase change memory is a effective memory of them. This paper focuses on exploring different characteristics of thin films such as Ge2Sb2Te5, Sb2Te, Ge2Sb2Te5/ZnSb (GST/ZS) stacked thin films, Ru-doped Sb2Te, and MnTe/GeTe stacked thin films to analyze which stacked thin film for phase change memory can meet the requirements for high speed and thermal stability. Single-matter materials can improve stability to data and material loss by combining with Sb groups or stacking with their related materials to form new phase change materials. By controlling the temperature and resistance of Ge2Sb2Te5 film can have a better selection of optimization; Sb2Te film doped with C to get a higher improvement in the nature of the film, but the lack of stability; after stacking the two to better solve this problem.
Analysis of the carcinogenic mechanism of chemical components in electronic cigarettes
Authors: Dai Anlan
Published: October 2024

Electronic cigarettes are a new type of cigarette that uses a battery to power an atomizer, heats the electronic liquid in the atomizer tank, and produces steam such as e-liquid and e-juice. Often seen as a substitute for tobacco cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are often considered healthier than tobacco. However, what has caused a lot of controversy for e-cigarettes is that they have adverse effects on human health that are no less than those of tobacco cigarettes. The chemicals in them have been shown to cause lung damage, respiratory diseases and even cancer. As cancer is a highly fatal disease, all kinds of products that enter the human body in modern society should try their best to avoid the use of carcinogens. The purpose of this research is to analyze the composition and operation of the e-liquid in the mainstream e-cigarettes on the market, understand their carcinogenic mechanism, and thus explore better research and development directions for e-cigarettes in the future and protect the health of users.
Demand information sharing strategies in the e-waste reverse supply chain under remanufacturer encroachment risk
Authors: Qi Xin , Zhang Tao
Published: October 2024

Based on the background of the e-waste recycling, this study extends the remanufacturer channel invasion to a scenario in which recyclers might already have a greater grasp of recycling market demand than remanufacturers. In the scenario of demand information asymmetry, we use the contrasting signals game model to examine the interaction effect of recycler information distortion on the remanufacturer’s belief criterion of recycling market scale and its response to the choice of whether or not to exploit the online channel. Recyclers attempt to distort recycling quantity to induce remanufacturers to make incorrect judgments about the recycling market scale and determine incorrect recycling prices. The discrepancy in recycling prices is then profited by recyclers. The study discovered that expanding online channels in a small market would result in costly signal behaviors by recyclers, such as downward distortion of the actual recycling quantity. This downward information distortion exacerbates the dual marginalization. In contrast to the “win–win” situation found in the online channel under information symmetry, the invasion of an online channel under information asymmetry may result in “double losses”. Then we investigate the impact of other practical factors on channel expansion and information-sharing strategy. These conclusions can improve the efficiency of e-waste recycling and promote the process of waste recycling.
Optimal reinsurance strategy with mean-variance premium principle and relative performance concern
Authors: Chen Shumin , Yao Haixiang
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the optimal reinsurance strategies for n insurers who compete with each other within the non-zero-sum game framework, as well as the optimal reinsurance premium loadings under the Stackelberg framework. The reinsurance premium is determined in accordance with the mean-variance principle. The insurers’ objectives are to maximize their utility of relative wealth over a finite decision horizon. Firstly, utilizing the dynamic programming technique, we derive a system of coupled Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations and characterize the equilibrium reinsurance strategies. We also obtain explicit solutions in the special case where the insurers possess exponential utility functions and present numerical examples to illustrate our theoretical findings. Secondly, leveraging the outcomes from the first section, we derive the optimal premium loadings for the reinsurer. We formulate the HJB equation and, for the special case of exponential utility, we numerically and explicitly obtain optimal decisions. Furthermore, we provide numerical examples to illustrate the impact of model parameters on the optimal reinsurance premium loadings.
Trajectory-user linking via supervised encoding
Authors: Hu Chengrui , Li Zheng , Wu Siyuan , Shu Bowen , Zhang Min , Li Hao
Published: October 2024

With the explosive growth of Location-Based Services (LBS), a substantial amount of geolocation data, containing end-user private information, is amassed, posing severe privacy risks. Trajectory-User Linking (TUL) is a trajectory mining task aimed at linking trajectories to their generators. Recent research has introduced deep learning-based TUL models. However, these models face challenges related to limited data quality and inadequate extraction of bidirectional and multi-topic semantic information from trajectories. In this study, we propose Trajectory-User Linking via Supervised Encoding (TULSE), centered on supervised encoding of location points and trajectories to address the TUL task. Specifically, TULSE extracts spatial and temporal information from location points through a novel method named Supervised Spatiotemporal Encoding. Additionally, TULSE employs a BiLSTM with multi-head attention to capture bidirectional and multi-topic semantics from trajectories. Furthermore, recognizing the limitations of current evaluation metrics, we introduce a novel metric named Hierarchical Privacy Loss (HPL). HPL offers a more detailed assessment of TUL solutions by statistically analyzing the distribution of prediction accuracy among users. We conduct extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, and empirical results show that TULSE outperforms existing TUL methods.
Hämophilie A bei einem Kater mit wechselnden
Lahmheiten
Authors: Beetz Sabine , Weingart Christiane , Renner Alicia , Kehl Alexandra , Menzel Dirk , Mischke Reinhard , Müller Elisabeth , Kohn Barbara
Published: October 2024

Ein 3 Monate alter Europäisch-Kurzhaar-Kater, der auf einem Bauernhof geboren
wurde, wurde aufgrund von wechselnden Lahmheiten, Fieber und Inappetenz
erfolglos mit Meloxicam vorbehandelt. Bei Vorstellung lag eine Lahmheit (Grad
2/4) der rechten Vordergliedmaße mit geringgradiger Weichteilschwellung vor. Die
Rektaltemperatur betrug 39,9°C. Bei einer aufgrund des Verdachts einer
Polyarthritis durchgeführten Gelenkpunktion kam es zu einer übermäßigen Blutung;
eine mittelgradige Anämie entwickelte sich. Die Gerinnungsdiagnostik ergab eine
isoliert verlängerte aktivierte partielle Thromboplastinzeit (aPTT). Die
Aktivität von Faktor VIII betrug 5% (Referenzbereich: 70–125%), von Faktor IX
55% (80–130%) und von Faktor XII 73% (50–140%).

Im Rahmen einer genetischen Untersuchung wurden Exons und angrenzende
Intron-Sequenzen des felinen F8-Gens sequenziert und mit der Referenz
(ENSFCAT00000078256.1) verglichen. Während in den Exons keine nicht-synonymen
Varianten gefunden wurden, zeigte sich im Intron 19 die Variante
c.6073+2 T>C. Diese Variante führt wahrscheinlich zur Veränderung der
Spleiß-Stelle, untypischen Spleißen und damit zu einer veränderten mRNA für
Faktor VIII.

Der Kater wurde symptomatisch behandelt (Metamizol, Buprenorphin, Tranexamsäure)
und die klinischen Symptome besserten sich. Im Alter von 8 und 18 Monaten wurde
der Kater mittels eines GnRH-Implantats chemisch kastriert, wobei es nach der
zweiten Implantation zu einer geringgradigen Blutung an der Implantationsstelle
kam. Nach inzwischen 3,5 Jahren lebt der Kater nahezu symptomfrei.

Die isolierte aPTT-Verlängerung war hinweisend auf einen Faktormangel. Eine
Faktoraktivitätsbestimmung führte zur Diagnose Hämophilie A. Die genetische
Untersuchung führte zur Entdeckung einer Spleiß-Variante im F8-Gen.
Reverse zoonotic transmission of human seasonal influenza to a pig
herd in Sweden
Authors: Sylvén Kaisa Ryytty , Jacobson Magdalena , Schwarz Lukas , Zohari Siamak
Published: October 2024

In January 2023, a Swedish piglet-producing farm with 2800 sows in production
(SIP) was diagnosed with IAV (Influenza A virus) and the isolates were shown to
cluster with the human seasonal influenza (2022/2023). In December 2022,
employees with flu like symptoms tended to the pigs and a few weeks later,
respiratory signs appeared in different age groups; sows in farrowing units were
anorectic and pyrectic. Lung and nasal swabs were tested positive for IAV and
other respiratory infectious agents. Blanket vaccination against H1N1pdm09 of
sows and gilts was initiated but discontinued for sows after 2 treatments.
Biosecurity measures aiming to reduce the spread of virus were implemented.
However, the compliance to follow the protocol was moderate.

Combining immunity and strict sanitary measures is crucial to control virus
circulation. As the farmer discontinued sow vaccination and just partly
increased biosecurity, this may have contributed to ongoing virus circulation
and clinical signs in pigs, even 5 months post-diagnosis. Although H1N1pdm09
already had been found in the herd in 2017, there were no clinical signs or
diagnostic results indicating continuous circulation of this or other IAV
strains afterwards. However, this cannot be entirely excluded. Swine IAVs pose a
risk of reintroduction into the human population, highlighting the importance of
vaccination of farm workers against seasonal influenza.
Turkish Translation and Validation of the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale
Authors: Yeniceri Agah , Yasar Nagihan Gulhan , Hazır Burak , Cayonu Melih
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to translate, validate, and culturally adapt the original English version of the Expectations of Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale (EARS) into Turkish for use in Turkish-speaking communities. Fifty-one patients who wanted to undergo primary rhinoplasty and were literate in Turkish were included in the study. The control group consisted of 81 healthy volunteers who did not require rhinoplasty. A Turkish version of the EARS (EARS-T) was created. The participants completed the EARS-T questionnaire twice, 4-week apart. The internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach's α), the test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), and differences between the patient and control groups (Pearson's chi-square test) were analyzed. A statistically significant difference was found between the age and gender of the patient and control groups (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that this significant difference did not affect the study results (age: p = 0.2; gender: p = 0.12). In addition, a statistically significant difference was found between the scale scores of the control and rhinoplasty groups (all p < 0.05). The EARS-T had good internal consistency, with high Cronbach's α scores ranging between 0.74 and 0.87. Test–retest reliability was demonstrated by high ICC scores ranging from 0.71 to 0.87. Our study revealed that the EARS-T has good internal consistency, reliability, and validity. Therefore, it can be used to assess the expectations of aesthetic rhinoplasty patients in preoperative consultation practice and in clinical studies related to rhinoplasty.
No Difference in Postoperative Complications between Simultaneous and Staged, Bilateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Forlenza Enrico M. , Serino III Joseph , Shinn Daniel , Gerlinger Tad L. , Valle Craig J. Della , Nam Denis
Published: October 2024

The optimal timing of contralateral surgery following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the differences in postoperative complications in patients undergoing unilateral, simultaneous, and staged bilateral UKA.

The PearlDiver administrative claims database was queried for patients undergoing UKA between 2015 and 2020. Patients undergoing unilateral UKA were matched in a 1:1 fashion with patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral UKA, staged bilateral UKA within 1 to 90 days, and staged bilateral UKA within 91 to 365 days based on age, gender, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), obesity, diabetes, and smoking status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the impact of timing of bilateral procedures on 90-day postoperative complications relative to patients who underwent unilateral UKA. Outcomes were considered significant at p < 0.05.

A total of 9,638 patients undergoing UKA were included in the final analysis, of which 5,672 (58.9%) were unilateral, 396 (4.1%) were simultaneous bilateral, 1,496 (15.5%) were staged bilateral between 1 and 90 days, and 2,074 (21.5%) were staged bilateral between 91 and 365 days. Univariate analysis identified no significant differences in complications between matched groups except for an increased incidence of wound dehiscence among patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral UKA (2.1% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.040) compared with unilateral UKA. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that simultaneous or staged bilateral UKA at either time point did not increase the risk of any postoperative complication relative to unilateral surgery.

Bilateral UKA can be performed either simultaneous or in a staged fashion without increasing the risk of 90-day complications relative to unilateral UKA.
Joint Injection or Aspiration before Total Knee Arthroplasty: Does It Increase the Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection?
Authors: Nin Darren Z. , Chen Ya-Wen , Talmo Carl T. , Hollenbeck Brian L. , Mattingly David , Zvi Yoav , Niu Ruijia , Chang David C. , Smith Eric L.
Published: October 2024

Injections are a common preoperative treatment for patients who eventually undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, recent studies have shown a relationship between preoperative injections and adverse outcomes following surgery. The purpose of this study was to characterize the type of intra-articular procedure patients receive in the acute period prior to surgery and determine their association with postoperative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

An observational cohort study was conducted using the Merative MarketScan databases. Patients who underwent primary TKA between April 1, 2019, and July 4, 2021, were included in the study. Patients were grouped according to the type of intra-articular procedure they received within the 90-day period prior to TKA: (i) intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA), (ii) intra-articular corticosteroid (IA-CS), (iii) aspiration, and (iv) no drug injections or aspirations. The primary outcome was the postoperative 180-day PJI rate.

A total of 43,219 patients were included in the study. About 11.8% of patients were found to have received at least one injection or aspiration in the 90 days prior to their TKA. The most common injection performed was IA-CS (78.3%), followed by aspiration (13.0%) and IA-HA (8.7%). No image guidance was performed for 92.3% of injections, with most being administered between 61 and 90 days before surgery (93.6%). Rates of PJI at 180 days were similar between patients with and without injections (OR = 1.11, p = 0.569). Neither drug type nor image guidance had an effect on the overall postoperative PJI rate.

Injections performed prior to TKA do not increase the risk of developing postoperative PJI.
Is There a Role for Bronchoscopy in Aspiration Pneumonia?
Authors: Darie Andrei M. , Stolz Daiana
Published: October 2024

Aspiration represents the passage of oropharyngeal content to the lower respiratory tract. The interplay between the host and the aspirate proprieties determines the subsequent aspiration syndrome. A low pH, typical of gastric aspirate, favors chemical pneumonitis, whereas an increased bacterial inoculum causes aspiration pneumonia. About a quarter of patients with aspiration pneumonitis will develop a bacterial superinfection during the course of recovery. While antibiotic therapy is indicated for aspiration pneumonia, supportive care remains the cornerstone of treatment in aspiration pneumonitis. However, the overlapping clinical features of these syndromes lead to initiation of antimicrobial therapy in most cases of aspiration. Bronchoscopy can aid in clinical decision-making by direct airway visualization and also by providing access to a series of emerging biomarkers. Invasive microbiological studies increase diagnostic yield and enable a tailored antibiotic treatment. In conjunction with stewardship programs, invasive sampling and novel molecular diagnostics can decrease the amount of inappropriate antibiotic therapy. In the context of foreign body aspiration, bronchoscopy represents both diagnostic and treatment gold standard.
Giant Left Atrium in an Infant with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Singh Damandeep , Mukherjee Aprateem , Kumar Sanjeev , Gupta Saurabh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (ALCAPA) from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital anomaly with coronary steal and myocardial ischemia. The left ventricular dilatation leads to mitral regurgitation causing left atrial enlargement. We report a rare case of giant left atrium in an infant with ALCAPA-mediated secondary mitral regurgitation, which has been hitherto unreported.
Spatially resolved random telegraph fluctuations of a single trap at the Si/SiO
2
interface
Authors: Cowie Megan , Constantinou Procopios C. , Curson Neil J. , Stock Taylor J. Z. , Grütter Peter
Published: October 2024

We use electrostatic force microscopy to spatially resolve random telegraph noise at the Si/SiO
2
interface. Our measurements demonstrate that two-state fluctuations are localized at interfacial traps, with bias-dependent rates and amplitudes. These two-level systems lead to correlated carrier number and mobility fluctuations with a range of characteristic timescales; taken together as an ensemble, they give rise to a

1
/
f

power spectral trend. Such individual defect fluctuations at the Si/SiO
2
interface impair the performance and reliability of nanoscale semiconductor devices and will be a significant source of noise in semiconductor-based quantum sensors and computers. The fluctuations measured here are associated with a four-fold competition of rates, including slow two-state switching on the order of seconds and, in one state, fast switching on the order of nanoseconds which is associated with energy loss.
Adaptive rotations for improving soil productivity and profits
Authors: Francis Charles A. , Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Creech Cody F.
Published: October 2024

Future farming systems will require more flexibility in design for application under conditions of increasing climatic fluctuations. Two potential solutions are more complex rotations, e.g. sequences of unlike crop species in the field, and multiple cropping systems that combine different crops during the same season and add spatial and/or temporal diversity to a farming system. In this review, we discuss how adaptive rotations based on alternative crops, long rotation cycles, and multi-crop systems, as well as integrated crop-livestock options could improve farm productivity, sustainability, and resilience. We also discuss potential challenges and opportunities connected to adaptive rotations. Limited literature suggests adaptive crop rotations based on present soil conditions, current soil moisture, predicted precipitation, previous crops and yields, and the latest market information may be promising for farmers. We propose that adaptive rotations could improve soil biodiversity and health, water use, pest management – including insects, pathogens, weeds and other pests, and overall agricultural resilience against climatic change. Also, adaptive rotations provide opportunities for exploring intercropping, complex rotations, and crop-livestock integrated systems, while achieving greater economic resilience for farmers. Primary forces that may impede the successful adoption of adaptive rotations include human factors (conservative reluctance to change), complexity of incorporating new options (i.e., new crops, equipment), limited land ownership, federal subsidies limited to certain commodities, risks perceived by lending agencies (about half of farmed land in the Midwest U.S. is leased), and lack of research results. However, increasing market uncertainties, emerging focus on soil health, and growing concerns about climatic fluctuations represent ample incentives to pursue adaptive rotations in different agroecoregions. We conclude that adaptive rotations would open new options for farmers to seek sustained profits in unpredictable and rapidly changing economic and weather environments.
Design of the electrode structure for the dust removal efficiency optimization of electrostatic precipitator
Authors: Li Haiying , Mou Hanwen , Pan Penghui , Zhou Xin , Wang Zhuo
Published: October 2024

Air dust pollution prevention and control is a global environmental concern. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) play a crucial role in dust pollution control, and its electrode structure significantly affects plasma parameters and the movement of charged dust particles, which in turn influences the dust removal efficiency. This study focuses on optimizing the commonly used wire-plate dust removal device, experimental research is conducted first, revealing that the hole-hole electrode structure of an ESP exhibits higher peak currents at the same voltage compared to both plate-hole and plate-plate electrode configurations. For the removal efficiency of particles with a radius greater than 1 μm, the ESP with a hole-hole electrode structure performs better than those with plate-hole and plate-plate electrode structures. Moreover, the particle collection efficiency is positively correlated with particle radius, larger particles correspond to higher dust removal efficiency. Based on experimental findings, simulations are conducted to provide a deeper analysis and understanding of the dust removal mechanisms of ESPs. This paper primarily utilizes COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software to simulate traditional wire-plate ESPs and a new wire-hole ESP. It explores the multiphysical characteristics of ESPs under different electrode structure configurations, and investigates in depth the impact of electrode structure on dust removal efficiency. The simulation results indicate that compared to flat collecting electrodes, porous collecting electrodes exhibit a significant increase in electric field intensity at the openings, and they have a lower surface charge density than flat plates, thereby reducing reverse corona phenomena. Ion wind affects the internal airflow dynamics of ESPs, thereby influencing their efficiency in capturing fine particulate matter. This negative impact of ion wind can be mitigated by introducing perforations in the collection plates.
Torsional damper design for diesel engine: theory and application
Authors: Qiu Zexu , Chen Rongchuang , Gan Xingang , Wu Changbin
Published: October 2024

Torsional vibration is the primary cause of engine crankshaft failure. Consequently, the reduction of engine vibration is of paramount importance for the enhancement of automotive safety and comfort. However, the lack of comprehensive insight into the damping mechanism of the torsional damper has impeded the effective control of engine torsional vibration. In order to gain insight into the vibration characteristics of the shaft system in an inline six-cylinder diesel engine, an analysis of the system’s behaviour during both free and forced vibration was conducted. A mathematical relationship was deduced between the dimensions, material, operational temperature and damping properties of the silicone oil damper. The objective was to determine the optimal damping and moment of inertia of the damper, with the aim of minimizing the torsional amplitude of the sixth harmonic. The results demonstrate a reduction in the six-harmonic torsional amplitude from 0.32° to 0.14° following the installation of the damper. The mean and relative deviations between the calculated and experimental results are 0.0018° and 0.83%, respectively. To facilitate the design of the silicone oil damper, a software program, Vibsim, was developed based on Visual Studio for the design and torsional vibration analysis of the silicone oil damper. This software is reliable in calculating results and is user-friendly.
Enhancing target recognition rate in atmospheric turbulence using orbital angular momentum spectra of vortex beams
Authors: Cui Chengshuai , Wang Hongyang , Zhang Zijing , Lin Runzi , Yun Hao , Lv Xinran , Song Jiayu , Feng Rui , Zhao Yuan
Published: October 2024

Traditional methods for extracting and recognizing targets from laser echo signals typically involve complex processing and require extensive data. Vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), and upon reflection from a target, the distribution of the OAM spectrum carries features related to the target, thereby enriching the dimensions of target recognition. Using the OAM spectrum simplifies the recognition process but faces challenges like atmospheric turbulence that affect beam transmission and target recognition accuracy. Our study employs the Gerchberg–Saxton phase retrieval (GS) algorithm to mitigate the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the beams. Using OAM spectrum data, we achieved effective target recognition with various shapes under atmospheric turbulence through a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Simulations revealed a recognition rate increase from 76.25% to 96% post-compensation by the GS algorithm. We also found that the highest recognition rate occurs at a target ratio of 0.2. After compensation with the GS algorithm at a target ratio of 0.1, the recognition rate for each shape increased to 99%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing the OAM spectrum for recognizing diverse target shapes, with the GS algorithm further improving recognition rates. These findings can be applied to intelligent transportation and robotic vision.
Agricultural innovation for climate change: limited but positive impacts of commercialized drought-tolerant corn
Authors: Lee Seungki , Moschini GianCarlo , Perry Edward D
Published: October 2024

The extent to which new technologies can countervail the risks posed by climate change is a critical element for designing adaptation strategies. This study uses new experimental data spanning 17 US states from 2008 to 2023 to examine the potential impact of recently commercialized drought tolerant (DT) traits on both yield and yield resilience in US corn production. We find that there is no yield advantage for DT hybrids under average weather conditions, but they improve yield resilience, particularly with respect to precipitation. These effects are spatially heterogeneous, such that DT has a positive yield impact in the droughty, western US, but a small, or even negative, impact in the central and eastern US. In addition, the presence of DT reduces yield variance and kurtosis, and increases skewness, all of which imply a reduction in yield risk. Using the statistical model estimates, we project the impact of DT on corn yields under future climate conditions obtained from 20 general circulation models with two representative concentration pathways. The projected ensemble means of yield gains are 6.34 bu/acre and 5.39 bu/acre under moderate and extreme warming scenarios, respectively, by the mid-twenty-first century. These gains compensate for 23% and 13.5% of total yield loss due to climate change. Our results indicate that current commercial DT hybrids reduce yield risk, improve resilience with respect to precipitation, and have the potential to offer moderate benefits under climate change warming scenarios.
Numerical optimisation of Dirac eigenvalues
Authors: Antunes Pedro R S , Bento Francisco , Krejčiřík David
Published: October 2024

Motivated by relativistic materials, we develop a numerical scheme to support existing or state new conjectures in the spectral optimisation of eigenvalues of the Dirac operator, subject to infinite-mass boundary conditions. We numerically study the optimality of the regular polygon (respectively, disk) among all polygons of a given number of sides (respectively, arbitrary sets), subject to area or perimeter constraints. We consider the three lowest positive eigenvalues and their ratios. Roughly, we find results analogous to known or expected for the Dirichlet Laplacian, except for the third eigenvalue which does not need to be minimised by the regular polygon (respectively, the disk) for all masses. In addition to the numerical results, a new, mass-dependent upper bound to the lowest eigenvalue in rectangles is proved and its extension to arbitrary quadrilaterals is conjectured.
The role of society in the expansion of oil palm plantation and the changes in land cover at Kuantan Singingi, Riau
Authors: Marbun F , Nelmayati  , Suryoko A
Published: October 2024

Despite the negative impacts arising from oil palm plantations, nowadays, oil palm expansion is still ongoing. At least this happened to independent farmers who converted their land into oil palm plantations. However, this expansion is not always related to deforestation, because some of the oil palms are not converted from forest areas but from community fields that have been previously cultivated. This research was conducted on oil palm farmers in Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province using data collection techniques through FGDs and in-depth interviews. The research results show that changes in land cover to oil palm plantations do not always change directly from forest areas, but some of the land has previously been agricultural land. Land transformation is driven by several factors, such as the market including price fluctuations, both the price of palm oil and previous commodities. Easiness of access to markets is also a driving factor for farmers to switch to oil palm cultivation. The emergence of processing factories that are ready to accommodate fresh fruit bunch (FFB) has encouraged farmers to be willing to switch their cultivation.
History of origin status and land use of smallholder oil palm plantations of PT. RAJ and PT. TPR in South Sumatra
Authors: Tarwana K N , Pratama H Z A
Published: October 2024

Palm oil plantations significantly contribute to the Indonesian economy, one of the largest income-generating sectors and a major export contributor. However, there is an ongoing debate about the impact of oil palm plantations on environmental damage due to deforestation. This research aims to identify the historical development of the status and land use history of smallholder oil palm plantations (KR) as a response to criticism stating that deforestation has negative impacts. Data collection was carried out through literature study, interviews, overlay analysis between plantation maps and TGHK, Forest Area and RTRWP maps of South Sumatra, as well as interpretation of Landsat imagery. The research results show that there are two KRs at each PT. KR 5 and 6 are found at PT.RAJ and KR 7 and 8 are at PT.TPR. Based on the 1986 TGHK, the 1994 South Sumatra RTRWP, and the 2016 Minister of Forestry Decree, 100% of the KR has the status of Other Land Uses (APL). The land use history in each KR is former community fields used in 2007 (KR 5), 2006 (KR 6), 2017 (KR 7) and 2014 (KR 8). These results corresponded with the interpretation of Landsat imagery. The land cover in each KR is swamp shrubs. Land cover is identified from two years to the year when oil palm planting was carried out. This research confirmed that this plantation was not responsible for deforestation.
Law study about confirmation of forest area towards legal certainty of forest area in Indonesia
Authors: Sadino  , Wiyono B
Published: October 2024

Indonesia has been blessed with a land area of 187.75 million ha with details of land cover consisting of forest 95.56 million ha and non-forest land 92.19 million ha. Not all of the forest areas in Indonesia have legal certainty because forest areas have not yet been gazetted as mandated in Act Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. As a result of the absence of comprehensive forest area gazettement, the status of forest areas in Indonesia does not yet have legal certainty according to forestry law norms themselves and has the potential to give rise to legal disputes over land rights resulting from the regulation of forestry law norms with agrarian law norms. Of course, this will have an impact on the forest area itself, potentially not being legally protected. The author deliberately conducted research using normative legal research on the gazettement of forest areas based on statutory regulations, by taking the main problem, First, what is the procedure for an area to become a forest area through the gazettement of a forest area? Second, what is the legal certainty regarding forest areas that have not yet been gazetted as the basis for law enforcement in the forestry sector?
Palms of paradox – cultivating palms to support reforestation and avoid deforestation
Authors: Azahari D H , Sukarman  , van Assen B W
Published: October 2024

The role of commercial oil palm cultivation in historical deforestation remains a key reason for western activists to demand a boycott of palm oil. Yet, most commercial palms crops contributed significantly to historical deforestation, and a more holistic approach is needed to determine their economic, social and environmental impacts. According to a study from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), oil palm trees are capable of absorbing 13.7 tons of CO2 per hectare. They only release 3.6 tons of CO2 per ha, most of which comes from Palm Oil Mill Effluents. Therefore, palm oil plantations could absorb 10.1 tons of CO2 per ha. Hence, this paper explores key biological and social economic impacts of the (commercial) cultivation of five palm species in Indonesia: the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), the nipa palm (Nypa fruiticans), the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) and the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata). The analysis concludes that all palms, in particular oil palm, can be used to rehabilitate degraded lands, support reforestation efforts and avoid deforestation.
Investigation and estimation of structural and dielectric properties of chromium-doped cobalt ferrites nano particles
Authors: Abdulhussein Huda Jabbar , Hadi Enas Muhi , Salim Evan T , Azzahrani Ahmad S , Gopinath Subash C B
Published: October 2024

Nano ferrite materials are of critical importance in meeting the global demand for microwave and electronic devices, as spinel ferrites possess remarkable morphological, structural, and dielectric characteristics. This study investigates chromium-doped ferrite nanoparticles with the chemical composition CoCrxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90), synthesize using the sol–gel technique and subjected to annealing at 900 °C. Energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis EDAX patterns confirmed compositional stoichiometry. X- Ray Diffraction analysis reveals that all samples exhibit a cubic crystal structure. Replacing some of the ions with chromium (Cr3+) led to a decrease in the x-ray density form (5.329–5.324). The average crystallite size in the fabricated samples ranged from 46.07 to 31.84 nm, and the lattice parameters decrease from 8.382 to 8.364 Å as the chromium content increase. Infrared spectra show that lower frequency band (ν2) at around 479.69-392 .60 cm–1 and a higher frequency band (ν1) within a range from 611.05–57661 cm–1 a clear indication of spinel structure characteristics. The examination using FE-SEM indicates that the produced materials exhibit porosity and amorphous characteristics. The significant tangent loss observe at lower frequencies suggests that these materials may have potential applications in medium-frequency devices. Consequently, spinel nanoferrites can offer advantages for advanced electronic and microwave technologies.