bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Budaya Berbagi dalam Filantropi Islam: Kajian atas Praktik Kedermawanan di Komunitas Muslim
Authors: Putra Muhammad Deni , Afandi Mukhamad Yazid , Fadilla Siti , Mansur Muhammad , Argantara Zaid Raya
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of the culture of sharing in Islamic philanthropy, particularly the practice of generosity among Muslim communities, using a qualitative approach through literature review. The aim is to understand how the culture of sharing, social character, and local religious and cultural values influence the collection and distribution of zakat and charity. Findings indicate that the culture of sharing in Muslim societies significantly contributes to increased awareness and participation in philanthropic activities. Communities that uphold the values of solidarity and mutual assistance are more active in collecting and distributing zakat and charity, creating strong social networks. The analysis of social and cultural character reveals that local norms, such as the tradition of helping one another, influence patterns of generosity and strengthen social bonds among community members. Furthermore, religious values, including sincerity and the obligation of zakat, serve as primary motivations for individuals to engage in philanthropy. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating religious values and local culture into charitable programs, where philanthropic institutions that consider community needs are more likely to succeed in attracting participation. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing policies and strategies to strengthen philanthropic practices in Muslim communities and enhance solidarity and social welfare. Additionally, this study suggests the need for further exploration of the relationship between the culture of sharing and the effectiveness of philanthropy in a broader context.Keywords: Culture of Sharing, Islamic Philanthropy, Generosity, Muslim Community
Reformasi Pendidikan Islam di Bawah Pengaruh Barat
Authors: Apriliani Wilda , Erman Erman , Hasnah Radhiatul
Published: December 2024

The dichotomy between Islamic and Western education creates dualism in the education system. Islamic education, which initially focused on religious teachings, now has to adapt to the modern system adopted from the West. Educational reform has had a positive impact such as the integration of the national education system with Islamic education, increased institutional autonomy, curriculum diversification, and responsiveness to the times. The reform expands access to Islamic education to various levels of society, allowing the younger generation to get quality education. Using the literature study method shows the challenges for Islamic educational institutions in maintaining religious values while meeting the demands of modernity. Reform remains an important step in improving the quality and relevance of Islamic education in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the reform has a positive impact on the integration of the national education system with Islamic education. There is an increase in the autonomy of educational institutions, curriculum diversification, and responsiveness to the challenges of the times. The negative influence of Western domination is still seen through the emergence of dichotomies in education and dependence on Western technology and teaching methods. The reforms have also increased the accessibility of Islamic education to various levels of society, allowing the younger generation to get quality education that is relevant to the times.
Homoseksual menurut Thanthawi Jauhari dalam Kitab al-Jawahir fi Tafsir Al-Qur`an al-Karim
Authors: Febriani Nurul Delfira , Bustamam Risman
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to find out the interpretation of verses about homosexuality in the Al-Qur'an according to Thanthawi Jauhari as a mufassir 'ilmi and how relevant Thanthawi Jauhari's thoughts are regarding the current homosexual phenomenon. The type of research used is library research. The analytical method used is the thematic interpretation method using the keyword الفَاحِشَة. Meanwhile, to analyze the interpretation of homosexual verses by Thanthawi Jauhari, the character-based maudu'i interpretation method was used, through content analysis, interpretive science approaches, and hermeneutics. The results of this research conclude that as a mufassir 'ilmi, Thanthawi Jauhari interprets verses about homosexuals using a scientific approach with the following details: 1) Thanthawi Jauhari in his book interprets the meaning of the word الفَاحِشَة contained in the QS. al-A'raf [7]: 80, QS. an-Naml [27]: 54, QS. al-'Ankabut [29]: 28 textually means a heinous act and contextually (the meaning of the verse QS. al-A'raf [7]: 81, QS. an-Naml [27]: 55, QS. al-' Ankabut [29]: 29) means homosexual. He explained that the Sodomites had ignored the wisdom of creating humans in pairs and cut off the path of descent by committing sexual deviations in the form of having sex with the same sex which resulted in the fertilization process not occurring. 2) Thanthawi Jauhari's scientific thinking is very relevant to the current homosexual phenomenon. According to science, if a sperm cell meets an egg cell, fertilization will occur. Psychologically, sexual deviant behavior will result in the perpetrator experiencing a decrease in their ability to think.
Penyaluran Dana Zakat di Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kota Padang
Authors: Fitria Fajri , Nopiardo Widi
Published: December 2024

The main problem in this research is what are the planning and budgeting procedures for distributing zakat funds at BAZNAS Padang City, what are the general provisions for distributing zakat funds at BAZNAS Padang City, what are the procedures for distributing zakat funds based on programs at BAZNAS Padang City and what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the procedures distribution of zakat funds to BAZNAS Padang City. The type of research the author uses is field research, with qualitative descriptive methods. The data collection technique that the author used was interviews with BAZNAS Padang City and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the first planning and budgeting procedures are carried out based on the RKAT which has been determined and approved by BAZNAS leadership to be distributed based on the budget allocation which is budgeted for BAZNAS programs in Padang City. Secondly, the general provisions for the distribution of zakat funds at BAZNAS Padang City are in accordance with the requirements that have been set to be fulfilled by prospective mustahik who will ask for assistance from BAZNAS Padang City according to the mustahik's needs. Thirdly, there are two procedures for distributing zakat funds based on the program, namely distribution using proposals and distribution on the amil's own initiative which distributes directly to the mustahik. And the fourth supporting factor is that the budget distributed is sufficient, establishing good cooperation with the government and being supported by competent amil-amil at BAZNAS Padang City. The inhibiting factor in distribution procedures is the community's low level of thinking, which hinders the distribution of aid to mustahik
Persepsi Pedagang di Kecamatan Lima Kaum terhadap Berzakat Melalui BAZNAS Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Nopiardo Widi
Published: December 2024

This research discusses the perceptions of traders in Lima Kaum District regarding zakat through BAZNAS Tanah Datar Regency. There is still a minimal amount of zakat coming from traders to BAZNAS Tanah Datar Regency, even though the trade sector is growing. This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Techniques for guaranteeing data validity through triangulation. The results of the research show that the majority of traders with muzaki status have a positive and good perception of BAZNAS Tanah Datar Regency because of its existence in Tanah Datar in helping mustahik. However, when their assets reached the provisions for zakat, some of them still had not paid their zakat through BAZNAS Tanah Datar Regency, they handed over their zakat themselves to the mustahik for various reasons. Meanwhile, a small number of others have submitted their zakat through BAZNAS Tanah Datar Regency.
The Role of Intertextual Thesaurus in Teacher Professional Training
Authors: Yadrovskaya E. R. , Dunev A. I.
Published: December 2024

In the educational process, a teacher of any specialization deals with texts in oral and written form and carries out all types of speech activities. The article is devoted to the problem of studying the intertextual thesaurus of a student at a pedagogical university. An analysis of scientific publications showed the absence in the modern scientific paradigm of studies in which a quotation would be considered as a tool for transmitting a cultural code transmitted from teacher to student. A new aspect of the study of the influencing functions of quotation and the use of literary quotation as a means of studying the intertextual thesaurus of a linguistic personality determines the relevance of our research.

The authors set a goal to identify and describe the intertextual thesaurus of a modern student of a pedagogical university in the context of professional training based on knowledge and mastery of literary quotations from the works of the school curriculum. 1008 students of a pedagogical university studying at different faculties took part in the experiment. The methodological foundations of the study were the theory of problem-based learning, the doctrine of linguistic personality, the system of literary development and the theory of the development of the reader’s interpretive activity, a description of precedent phenomena. When conducting the research at different stages, the method of pedagogical observation, contextual analysis of dictionaries, analysis of scientific works, a comprehensive survey, and the method of introspection were used.

As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that more than 50% of university respondents were unable to identify quotes from works of art in the school curriculum. Based on the analysis of works, “negative” strategies for interpreting a literary quotation (primitivization, lowering the stylistic register of the text, transferring content to the everyday level) and positive ones (strategy of searching for value meanings, strategy of logical explanation; strategy of concretizing the content) were identified.

In the course of analyzing the problem, the authors turn to the situation of school literary education and the problem of the cultural attitudes of the future teacher.
Estimation of salivary IL-6 and calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Abdullah Fadhel A. , Mahmood Maha A.
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) it includes two-condition Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) the prolonged inflammation may cause invasion of the multiple layers of the intestinal walls result in GIT damage. The current study was carried out in Baghdad teaching hospital and gastroenterology hospital from November 2021 to May 2022.  In order to show if the diagnostic marker of IBD which are IL6& calprotectin are rises in saliva as in sera and if there are significant differences in the levels of those markers between UC patients and healthy control subjects.
The subjects included twenty five patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and twenty five healthy individuals representing the control group. All of them having ages ranged between 20-55 years.
The recent study was measured the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and calprotectin in saliva of UC patients using ELISA method.
The present results showed a significant increase in the levels of both (IL-6) and calprotectin  in UC patients when compared with that of control group (P=<0.05).Moreover, this study was found a significant positive correlation between IL-6 levels and age in all study groups (UC and control) (P <0.05) and between IL-6 and calprotectin in UC patients(p<0.05).
Risk Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients attending Rheumatology Clinic in Mosul
Authors: Omar Dhafar M. , Raheem Ammar Q. , Y. Hassan Tuka
Published: December 2024

الخلفية: يمكن وصف هشاشة العظام على انه اخر مسار مشترك للعمليات التي تؤدي الى فشل المفصل  . هذا المرض له أيضا تأثير اجتماعي و اقتصادي كبير على جميع الحضارات وأصبحت عبئا متزايد على عاتق الرعاية الصحية مع الشيخوخة  .
اهداف البحث : الأهداف المحددة لقياس تكرار الحالات المتعلقة بكل عامل خطر مفترض من هشاشة الركبة بين عينات الدراسة وتقييم وجود علاقة سببية بين كل عامل خطر مفترض وتطور هشاشة الركبة. الاعداد: في هذه الدراسة , تم اعتماد تصميم دراسة الحالات والشواهد من الأول من تشرين الثاني 2020الى  31 أيار 2021 في مستشفى ابن سينا و مستشفى السلام التعليمي في الموصل العراق .
طريقة البحث: 100 فرد تم تشخيص اصابتهم  بالتهاب مفصل الركبة يمثلون حالات هذه الدراسة , وتم اخذ 100 فرد اخر غير مصاب بالتهاب مفصل الركبة كعناصر تحكم .
النتائج : كان الجزء الأكبر من الحلات والضوابط ( 72% و 53% على التوالي ) بين سن 45 و64. كما بلغت نسبة الاناث 76% من الحالات و 57% فقط من الضوابط. تم اكتشاف ان 74% من الحالات و81% من الضوابط تعيش في المدينة. شكل المتزوجون 93% من الحالات و 79% من الضوابط . تكشف النتائج الحالية ان العمال اليدويون شكلوا 82% من الحالات 27و% من الضوابط .لا توجد علاقة بين التدخين والامراض الجهازية وتطور التهاب مفصل الركبة . الاناث فوق ال 45 عام يمثلن 65% من الحالات و 31% من الضوابط . الأشخاص الذين يعانون من زيادة الوزن والسمنة هم اكثر عرضة للإصابة بالتهاب الركبة مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة . الصدمة في الماضي ترتبط ارتباط قوي  بالتهاب مفصل الركبة . اكثر من نصف المرضى لديهم تاريخ عائلي إيجابي من التهاب المفاصل بينما 17% فقط من الضوابط  لديهم تاريخ عائلي إيجابي من التهاب المفاصل .
الاستنتاجات :خلصت الدراسة الى ان هشاشة العظام تحدث بشكل متكرر في الاناث المسنات اكثر من الذكور والشخص المتزوج اكثر عرضة للإصابة بهشاشة العظام وكذلك زيادة الوزن والسمنة .كما ان العمل اليدوي يزيد من فرص الصابة بهشاشة العظام . الرياضيين اقل عرضة للإصابة بهشاشة العظام .الاصابة والتاريخ العائلي للإصابة بهشاشة العظام يزيدان من خطر الإصابة بهشاشة العظام
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease among a Sample of Undergraduate Medical Students in Baghdad
Authors: Abdulwahhab Sarah H. , Al Hashimi Ban A.R. , Alkhalidi Nawal M.
Published: December 2024

المقدمة:الارتجاع المريئي هو اضطراب معدي مريئي شائع لدى البالغين ، وهو يتطور عندما ترجع محتويات المعدة وترتفع إلى المريء نتيجة خلل في العضلة العاصرة السفلية للمريء. تم إجراء عدد قليل جدًا من الدراسات حول حجم الارتجاع المريئي في مجتمع الطلاب. هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد مدى انتشار مرض ارتجاع المريء لدى عينة من طلاب كلية  الطب /جامعة بغداد وعوامل الخطورة المحتملة المرتبطة به.
الطريقة: دراسة وصفية مقطعية أجريت على طلبة البكالوريوس في كلية الطب / جامعة بغداد خلال الفترة الممتدة من ١٥كانون الثاني -١ حزيران ٢٠٢٠. أجاب جميع المشاركين على الاستبيان عبر الإنترنت لأعراض الارتجاع المريئي. تضمن الاستبيان بيانات ديموغرافية مثل العمر والجنس والطول والوزن ونمط الحياة والعادات الغذائية. تم تحليل البيانات الإحصائية باستخدام الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية واعتبرت النتائجذات القيمه الاحتمالية اقل من ٠٥ˏ٠ ذات اهمية احصائية.
النتائج: تم تقييم إجمالي ٣٠٠ مشارك من طلاب الطب و ٢١٦(٧٢٪) من الإناث و ٨٤ (٢٨٪) من الذكور من أجل الارتجاع المعدي المريئي ، وكان متوسط عمر المشاركين٩٣.٢١ (٨١ˏ١) سنة. كان معدل انتشار ارتجاع المريء ١٣.3٪ ، وكان ٨٦ (٢٨.7٪) من المشاركين لديهم تاريخ عائلي إيجابي للارتجاع المعدي المريئي وكان لديهم ارتباط إحصائي كبير بأعراض ارتجاع المريء (القيمة الاحتمالية = ٠.001) ، وكان٢٨ (٩.3٪) ينامون خلال ساعة واحدة من الوجبة (القيمة الاحتمالية=٠٠١ ٠) وكانت مضادات الحموضة و مثبطات مضخة البروتون ֥٣٨ (٧.١٢ )  و ٤١ (١٣.7٪) على التوالي (القيمة الاحتمالية لكل منهم=٠٠١.٠) ، ٢٠(٦.7٪) يعانون من التجشؤ المتكرر) القيمة الاحتمالية =٠٠١.٠) التي لها علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية.خضع ٣١(١٠% ) منهم لناظور المرئ والمعدة والاثنى عشر (القيمة الاحتمالية=٠٣ˏ٠) ولا توجد علاقة ذات اهمية احصائية بين نتائج استبيان الارتجاع المعدي المريئي والخصائص العامة والعادات الغذائية.
الاستنتاج:وجدت هذه الدراسة انتشارًا طفيفًا لمرض ارتجاع المريء بين المشاركين والنوم في غضون ساعة واحدة من العشاء أو الوجبة ، وتاريخ عائلي إيجابي من ارتجاع المريء / حرقة المعدة / الارتجاع ، وتناول مضادات الحموضة ومثبطات مضخة البروتون لتخفيف الأعراض ، وجود والتجشؤ المتكرر مرتبط بأعراض ارتجاع المريء ، لم يتم العثور على ارتباط مهم بين ارتجاع المريء والعادات الغذائية.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Chenopodium Murale in Comparison to Salvia Frigida on Atopic Eczema
Authors: Hassan Zahraa Y. , Hassan Tuka Y. , Kanany Ahmed Y.
Published: December 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition with a familial tendency. It affects approximately 10%-20% of children and 1%-3% of adults worldwide. Chenopodium murale is clinically proven for treating many medical conditions, such as AD, due to its easy application and efficacy. Salvia plant has an anti-inflammatory effect on AD cases treated with phenolic compounds.
Objective: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale (CM) in comparison to Salvia frigida (SF).
Methods: This study was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Nahrain University. Fifty mice were included in the study, subdivided equally into five subgroups [control, induction, Tacrolimus-1%, Phytosterol-3%, and Phenolic-5%]. Biological and histological parameters were measured, and their means were compared using the independent t-test, and the one-way ANOVA was used to estimate the mean of differences.
Results: The Tacrolimus-1% group showed a significant decrease in white blood cells, Ig-E, and inflammation means than other groups; a significant decrease in mean epidermal thickness than the Phytosterol-3% groups; and a significant decrease in IL-13 and erosion than the Phenolic-5% groups. The phytosterol-3% group showed a significant decrease in the mean parakeratosis, erosion, and observational severity (OS) score than other groups. The phenolic-5% group showed a significant decrease in the mean epidermal thickness than other groups and a significant decrease in OS score than the Tacrolimus-1% groups.
Conclusion: The topical applications of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale or the phenolic compound of Salvia frigida were effective and promising in treating atopic dermatitis. While the phenolic compound of Salvia frigida is effective, it is somewhat less than that of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale.
Association between Alpha- Klotho Protein, Calcium, and Phosphate concentrations in Adult Iraqi Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major
Authors: Kadhim Ahmed J. , El-Yaseen Hedef D. , Jawad Ali M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Beta-thalassemia major is a prevalent global condition characterized by a rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Regular blood transfusions can give rise to problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and renal disorders. Alpha-Klotho protein is a protein that has anti-aging properties and is involved in several functions, including reducing oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism through several routes, and managing calcium and phosphate metabolism.
Objective: This study aimed to assess changes in calcium and phosphate levels, Alpha-Klotho protein concentration, and their associations with cardiac dysfunction in patients with Beta-thalassemia major.
Methods: The study was conducted at Al-Sadr General Hospital and Ibn Albaladi Center of Blood Diseases, Baghdad, and involved 90 participants who were grouped into three groups: Group A: 30 patients with Beta-thalassemia major and heart dysfunction; Group B:30 patients with Beta-thalassemia major without any signs of heart dysfunction; and Group C:30 healthy individuals as a control group. The indicators examined were serum levels of Alpha-klotho protein, calcium, phosphate, and Ferritin. ELISA method was used to assess serum Alpha-klotho protein, whereas serum Ca, serum phosphate, and serum Ferritin were analyzed using the Beckman Coulter AU clinical chemistry analyzers.
Results: The mean values of Serum Alpha-Klotho protein, phosphate, and Ferritin in the patients with beta-thalassemia were greater than those in the control group with P value<0.05. Patients with thalassemia had decreased levels of serum calcium compared to the control group. Additionally, a strong negative association was observed between serum calcium and phosphate levels.
Conclusion: Patients with beta-thalassemia major have significant alterations in calcium and phosphate levels under the control of Klotho protein levels.
Frequency of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in Pediatric Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia: Disease Phase and Therapy Options
Authors: Abbas Huda K. , Saleh Basil O. , Ghali Hassanain H.
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypovitaminosis D can cause immunological irregularities in the development of immune thrombocytopenia.
Objectives: To identify the frequency of low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and to assess the effect of the disease phase and type of treatment on vitamin D level.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 88 children (63 had been diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia and 25 healthy children as controls) during November 2023 and April 2024. The patients were sub-grouped according to global classification of vitamin D level into three groups: less than 10 ng/ml (n = 47), 10–20 ng/ml (n = 16), and 20-30 ng/ml (none of the patients or controls fell in this group). The cases were sub-classified according to their disease phase: Acute (n = 21), persistent (n = 24), and chronic (n = 18). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
Results: Around 75% of ITP children had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 10 ng/ml. The mean (± SEM) values of the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of the ITP children of acute (9.5±1.84 ng/ml) and chronic (8.0±1.13 ng/ml) phases were lower than those of controls (10.0±1.32 ng/ml, p > 0.05), but not significantly so. The mean values of 25 hydroxyvitamin D of ITP children were lower than those of the controls, irrespective of the type of treatment.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among children with immune thrombocytopenia, particularly those in the chronic phase.
Prostate Cancer Screening: Is it Recommended in 2024?
Authors: Thwaini Dr. Ali
Published: December 2024

As we are living the month of Men’s Health awareness, November, we thought of touching base regarding screening for prostate cancer; an intriguing topic indeed, and the jury is out as of yet regarding whether to formalize a screening platform for prostate cancer.
The fact remains that prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, and the fifth leading cancer related death globally
Study of the biological activity of 2-(((3-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-mercapto-4n-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol in silico methods
Authors: Притула Р. Л.
Published: December 2024

Modern approaches to studying the biological activity of promising molecules are based on the use of computer models, as the most attractive and rational. They allow you to immediately investigate a large array of compounds and clearly select the most promising substances or unambiguously predict types of activity for further in–depth tests.
Various synthetic approaches are popular, which make it possible to synthesize substances that are difficult or impossible to obtain in another way. The advantage of these synthetic methods is that it is possible to regioselectively introduce various pharmacophoric substituents into certain positions of heterocycles. 1,2,4-triazole derivatives have been the focus of attention of many scientists around the world for a long time. The study of their properties shows the potential of substituted 1,2,4-triazoles as biologically active compounds. Due to the introduction of various pharmacophore fragments into the composition of molecules, new types of biological activity appear or known properties are significantly increased. Such a synthesis is quite simple and convenient, does not require expensive equipment and catalysts.
The aim of the work is to study new types of activity of 2-(((3-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol using in silico methods that will allow to expand the ways of scientific research and establish a promising direction of further tests for this compound. Virtual compound screening was performed using the free online service SwissTargetPrediction. Molecular docking was performed using the Autodock 4.2.6 program. ADME evaluation was performed using the free tool SwissADME, which is widely used in medicinal chemistry to analyze the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and interaction of small molecules with enzymes. An important aspect of forecasting is the absence of high toxicity, as well as teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and embryotoxic effects of the studied compound. In combination with computer screening, an in silico research approach was also used to predict the affinity and spatial orientation of the ligand in the active center of the enzyme. The selected compound, due to its physical properties, as well as pharmacokinetic and drug–likeness indicators, is a promising object for the development of a new medicinal substance.
HISTOLOGIA DA GLÂNDULA OVIDUCAL DA RAIA-DE-LA PLATA, Atlantoraja platana (GÜNTHER, 1880) (CHONDRICHTHYES, RAJOIDEI)
Authors: Basallo Alexander , Oddone Maria Cristina
Published: December 2024

Nos peixes elasmobrânquios, a glândula oviducal é uma  estrutura complexa, localizada entre o oviduto anterior e o útero. O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os aspectos anatômicos e histológicos da glândula oviducal da fêmea adulta da raia Atlantoraja platana. Para cada amostra foram feitas as colorações AB (Alcian Blue) com pH 1,0 e 2,5; como também PAS (Reação do ácido periódico de Schiff), hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e (carmin best). O oviduto anterior está representado por uma camada externa (túnica serosa) e uma de músculo liso (circular e longitudinal), apresentando reações positivas com PAS e AB de pH 1,0 e 2,5. As zonas de “club” e papilar, foram responsáveis pela produção de substâncias citoplasmáticas PAS+ e AB+ de pH 1,0 e 2,5. A zona de “baffle” contém espineretes, que comunicam os túbulos secretores internos serosos com o lúmen. Além disso, a zona de “baffle” foi o local onde se registrou maior concentração de espermatozoides. Na região mais distal da zona terminal, foi observada a presença de túbulos de secreção serosa, mucoso e misto, apresentando um epitélio cilíndrico pseudoestratificado ciliado, com células caliciformes (PAS+, AB+). Devido à sua alta complexidade e funcionalidade histo-fisiológica, a glândula oviducal dos tubarões, raias e quimeras pode ser considerado um elemento chave da reprodução.
Palavras‐chave: Oviparidade, estratégia reprodutiva, ducto reprodutivo, morfologia
ACUTE TOXICITY OF AMMONIA FOR SOFT CORAL Xenia umbellata (Lamarck, 1916)
Authors: Martins Busanello Giovanni , Shizuo Owatari Marco , Vieira Rodrigues Ricardo , Yumi Tsuzuki Mônica , Magnotti Caio
Published: December 2024

Coral reefs are important ecosystems on the planet and provide a wide variety of ecosystem services that are extremely important for the development and survival of several species, including humans. The lack of information and knowledge about the influence of abiotic parameters on the physiology of marine cnidarians with ornamental potential has hampered the cultivation of coral species on a large scale in aquaculture. The objective of this work was to determine the median lethal concentration after 96 h (LC5096h) of nonionized ammonia (NH3-N) for the octocoral white pulse soft coral (Xenia umbellata) over a period of 96 h. Eighty colonies of X. umbellata coral were exposed to five different ranges of N-NH3 (0.0, 0.92, 3.87, 5.95, 8.46 or 10.18 mg L–1, all in triplicate. Tests were performed on a standard semistatic system with 100% daily water renewal. The LC5096h was estimated to be 0.28 mg NH3-N L–1 (0.22~0.36mg L–1). The lethal concentration of ammonia decreased with increasing time. Furthermore, concentrations below 0.96 mg L –1 total ammonia (0.08 N- H3) are not lethal for this organism in an exposure period of 96 h.
Keywords: Aquaculture; Octocoral; Regenerative; White pulse soft coral.
Investigation Of The Effects Of Three COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Hashoosh Ali Farhan , Hasan Hmood Madhi
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
This research deals with the three types of COVID-19 vaccines (AstraZeneca vaccine, Sinopharma, and Pfizer-Biontech) in terms of manufacturing, producing companies, and the countries in which the tests were conducted, in addition to the teams that provided the researchers with these vaccines. In this research, a statistical study about the effectiveness of these vaccines is presented and the extent of their impact on the vaccinator if he was healthy or carrying some other diseases. After that, a statistical study is presented, comparing it between the types of vaccines and which one is the most used, by taking a sample from the State of Iraq, Maysan Governorate, consisting of 60 individuals who took the vaccine. a special questionnaire was used for this purpose and the results were, another questionnaire about the acceptance of the local community results were analyzed using an SPSS program. Another questionnaire about the acceptance of the local community representing Maysan Governorate to obtain the vaccine for the emerging coronavirus, COVID-19. The questionnaire was also delivered to statistical specialists before submitting the questionnaire. Important results were obtained, including the most received vaccine Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinopharm, by 40% and all those who received the vaccine were not infected after taking the vaccine.
Penggunaan Sumba Merah Sebagai Metode Pengusiran Hama Monyet Di Area Perkebunan Warga Sanipah
Authors: Husien Nani , Ficky Muhammad Syahrul
Published: December 2024

Hama monyet merupakan ancaman serius bagi pertanian, terutama di area perkebunan, menyebabkan kerugian besar pada produksi tanaman. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas metode sumba merah dalam mengusir hama monyet serta dampaknya pada lingkungan sekitar. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan  eksperimental kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Sumba merah sebagai metode pengusiran diterapkan pada kelompok perlakuan, sementara kelompok kontrol tetap menggunakan metode pengusiran konvensional yang biasa digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sumba merah sebagai metode pengusiran hama monyet secara signifikan dapat mengurangi tingkat kehadiran dan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh hama monyet. Selain itu evaluasi dampak lingkungan dari penggunaan sumba merah menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sumba  merah tidak memiliki dampak negatif yang pada flora dan fauna di lokasi.
Тhe relevance of the opening of the department of the specialty «Football coach» in universities of Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhumadilkhanov A.A. , Tazhigulova B.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Bazarbayeva K.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Imangalikova I.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2024

Football is one of the most recognizable and dominant sports. Behind all the appeal of
football is the hard work of the players and the entire football staff. Nevertheless, the coach bears full
responsibility for the team and its performance.
A sports coach is a specialist who educates athletes and prepares them for competitions. The main
purpose of the coach's work is to train high–class athletes capable of winning competitions of the highest
rank. It is more important for the coach to preserve or even reform the personality of the ward, under
intense loads, to influence the individuality of everyone in sports activities. The coach must know the
training methodology, as well as the basics of physical education and biology. He should also be aware of
what is happening in the world of sports.
In Kazakhstan football, at the present stage, there is a problem of a shortage of qualified coaches,
especially in youth football. In the article, an attempt is made to solve this problem, in particular, the
opening of "Football Coach" departments in universities of Kazakhstan, at the departments of "Physical Culture and Sports".
Theoretical foundations for the development of legal culture of future teacher-psychologists
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kanagatova R.N.
Published: December 2024

This article extensively discusses the importance and theoretical foundations of developing
legal culture among future educators-psychologists. Legal culture is understood as a system of values
and principles that shape the legal consciousness of an individual and regulate their behavior in society
according to legal norms. The article emphasizes that the process of legal education and training is a
key aspect of the professional activity of future educators-psychologists, as legal culture promotes the
observance of legality and the assurance of justice in their work.
The study explores the pedagogical and psychological aspects of legal culture, identifying effective
ways to shape legal consciousness in future professionals. The authors pay special attention to the role of
social and psychological factors in the development of legal culture, highlighting the significance of legal
education in professional preparation. The article thoroughly analyzes the methods and approaches
used to develop legal culture, which contributes to enhancing the legal literacy and professional level of
future specialists.
In conclusion, the article discusses the contribution of legal culture to the professional and personal
development of future educators-psychologists, as well as its role in strengthening legal order in society.
The research demonstrates the need for a comprehensive approach to the development of legal culture
and helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issues of nurturing future professionals as full-fledged
members of society.
Development of students' creativity using coaching technologies
Authors:   South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Zholdasbekov A.A. , Zholdasbekova K.A. ,   South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Tursynbaev A.Z. ,   South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Zholdasbekova B.A. ,   South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov
Published: December 2024

In the article, one of the pressing issues in modern creativity research is the formation of
creativity in students with the help of coaching technologies, in connection with the question of whether
creativity can be taught. In this regard, in the higher education system, research is being conducted on the
formation of creativity in students through the use of coaching technologies, its analysis and presentation
of the results. The study was conducted on the basis of the South Kazakhstan University named after M.
Auezov. The results obtained prove that future teachers of higher educational institutions do not pay
enough attention to the issues of developing creativity through the use of coaching technology, and that
the use of this coaching technology gives positive results. Based on the conducted empirical research,
the authors also identified contradictions in the assessment of creativity by modern scientists students.
This opens up prospects for creating a multicomponent model of students creativity, which should be
constantly updated. As a result of this study, a conclusion is made about the need for teachers to use
coaching technology and that the study takes into account only individual factors influencing creativity,
and special attention should be paid to the formation and development of creativity of future teachers.
Coaching is a method of teaching and consulting in which the teacher helps the learner not only focus
on a specific, clearly defined professional or life goal, but also achieve it. The proposed methodology has
high research potential and can be used in vocational education programs.
Multiculturalism in the cultural practices of everyday life (сase of Kazakhstan)
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Abetova Z.T. , Kuderinov A.A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2024

The processes of globalization and increased intercultural interaction
have led to the problem of reintegration of modern national communities, and today
scientists are looking for adequate models for it.
The work aims to analyze citizens' everyday multicultural practices as a resource
of civic identity. The object is the everyday multicultural practices on the KAZNET
network. The subject of the study is the features of consumer, linguistic, and artistic
practices of the country's citizens in the media space of KAZNET, which symbolically
reflect the identity of citizens, formed based on intercultural interaction. Empirical
tools use the method of qualitative content analysis of media data of cultural practices.
This study makes contributions to the existing academic debate on multiculturalism
by anticipating arguments related to social leadership concepts. Analyzing the
problem of multiculturalism in the context of the problem of integration of modern
national communities, we raise the question of the possible role of multicultural
practices in supporting the integration discourse of modern national communities.
The results of the study can be used to develop state cultural policy strategies,
as well as in educational institutions to formulate courses aimed at developing
intercultural dialogue.
Participation in demonstrations and civic engagement: case of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Davletbayeva Zh.Zh. , Makulbayeva G.A. ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Dyussenov M.M. ,   Illinois University
Published: December 2024

This article reveals the political participation of Kazakh citizens
(i.e. participation in demonstrations and contacting the government) by
differentiating rural and urban citizens. Previous scholars mainly focused on
possible reasons why Kazakh people participate in politics and mainly related
it to socio-economic conditions, the political system and corruption in the
country. However, the existing literature pays insufficient attention to urbanrural disparities. This study attempts to identify the main factors that influence
Kazakh citizens’ political participation. Moreover, it compares and contrasts the
political participation among rural citizens with their urban counterparts. The
results suggest that internet usage and education have statistically significant
impact on intention to contact the government in both urban and rural areas.
With regards to participation in demonstrations, internet usage and satisfaction
with the political system play a significant role in all sampling units. Interestingly,
religiosity of urban residents is positively correlated with both contacting the
government and participation in demonstrations. In contrast to rural residents,
the educated urban middle class is less likely to attend demonstrations.
Women's decision-making practices: from forced childlessness to voluntary childlessness
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ashirbayeva F.M. , Smagambet B.Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of women choosing voluntary childlessness in
the context of Kazakh society. The article employs both empirical and theoretical evidence, the article
examines how vulnerable the choice of voluntary childlessness is to social stigma in Kazakh society,
where "motherhood" is considered mandatory, and how this affects women's daily lives.
The study is based on a targeted quota sample of 15 women from Kazakhstan aged 20 to 55 who
consider themselves voluntarily childless. The “snowbal” method was used to form the sample.
The practical significance of the research results is based on women's decisions regarding the factors
contributing to childlessness: the advantages of voluntary childlessness, the reasons for choosing
childlessness were considered. At the same time, the study showed the variability of women's decisions
to be childless depending on their age, marital status, health, level of education, and professional activity.
A deep understanding of the phenomenon of voluntary childlessness ("childfree") in Kazakhstani society
gives grounds to assume that it is possible to change life scenarios based on childlessness, and in the
process of development as a person, childlessness is replaced by the parameter of forming a traditional
family and rethinking the image of the world.
Prison systems and HIV: How social work contributes to improving the quality of life of prisoners
Authors:   Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Stöver H. , Mukasheva D.D. ,   Center for International programs “Bolashaq”
Published: December 2024

This article is dedicated to the study of the role of social work within the penitentiary
system in the context of supporting HIV-positive inmates. The focus of the research is on social work
aimed at improving the quality of life for this vulnerable group. The problem lies in the high prevalence
of HIV infection among prisoners and the limited access to medical services in correctional facilities. The
study also examines barriers such as stigmatization and discrimination, which exacerbate the situation
of HIV-positive inmates by restricting their access to necessary resources. The article employs methods
of systematic literature review, including an analysis of international standards and best practices in
social work within correctional institutions. The main findings indicate that effective social work
programs can significantly reduce stigma, improve adherence to treatment, and facilitate the successful
reintegration of inmates after release. The article provides recommendations for the development of
comprehensive social work programs in Kazakhstan’s correctional facilities, aimed at improving access
to healthcare services, psychosocial support, and preparing HIV-positive inmates for reintegration into
society. Special attention is given to the need for increased funding and better training of social workers
to effectively address the issue of HIV within the penitentiary system. As shown in the study [1], the
prison environment has a significant impact on the health of inmates, including their ability to recover
and reintegrate. The research emphasizes that access to natural light, adequate acoustic conditions, and
contact with nature can greatly improve the mental and physical well-being of inmates, which in turn can enhance the effectiveness of social work programs aimed at supporting HIV-positive inmates. These
factors must be considered when developing and implementing social work programs in Kazakhstan’s
penitentiary system. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach that combines perspectives from
public health, criminal justice, and social work is necessary for the development and implementation of
successful HIV prevention and treatment initiatives in correctional facilities.
Fa’aliyah Istikhdam Thoriqah ECOLA (Extending Concept Through Language Activities) Litahsin Maharat Al-Qira’ah Ladaa Tullaab Al-Fasl Al-Hadi A’syir fii Madrasah Tsanawiyah Islamiyah Hukumiyah 1 Pasaman
Authors: Hidayati Hidayati , Rizal Eka , Arsya Fajriyani , Hasanah Nur
Published: December 2024

The research starts from the problems faced at the Islamic State High School 1 Pasaman. The problem with this research is that they are unable to understand reading material, have difficulty understanding reading, do not pay attention to education, need to use various strategies in education, students' results in Arabic are less than the completion of the minimum acute (KKM) of 78.  is the aim of this study to find out the use of the ECOLA method to improve the reading skill of eleventh grade students majoring in religion. This quantitative research, quantitative research methodology is a research method based on a positivist philosophy and this research is used to investigate a particular community or intention. The experimental design used is Quasi Experimental Design and data analysis using the SPSS 26 software. As for the results of the research, the researcher decided that the different degree of the two chapters, so that t- arithmetic means -1.714, with the result of degrees of freedom (df)= 50 with a value of 5% is 2.008. If t-arithmetic means -1.714, less than t-table means 2.008, so the null hypothesis (Ho) is acceptable and the substitute hypothesis (Ha) is rejected. Its conclusion is that there is no effectiveness in using the method ECOLA to improve the reading skills of students in the eleventh-grade majoring in religion at the Islamic Government High School 1 Pasaman.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT SCREEN TIME DAN ASUPAN ENERGI CAMILAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI REMAJA DI SMK NEGERI 3 KARAWANG
Authors: Afilia Vena Anggie , Elvandari Milliyantri , Kurniasari Ratih
Published: December 2024

Perubahan gaya hidup remaja kini memiliki kebiasaan untuk menghabiskan waktu dalam menggunakan smartphone atau kegiatan menetap di depan layar (screen time) yang hanya mengeluarkan sedikit energi. Selain itu, paparan screen time juga dapat menimbulkan kebiasaan untuk mengonsumsi makanan ringan, hal ini menjadi penyebab ketidakseimbangan antara energi yang masuk dan dikeluarkan oleh tubuh yang dapat berpotensi terjadinya kenaikan berat badan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat penggunaan screen-time yang digunakan dan snacking dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah cross sectional dengan metode pengambilan sampel yaitu proportionate stratified random sampling. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 207 orang. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji rank spearman. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat screen time dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang (p value = 0,162). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan tingkat screen time dalam menonton televisi dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang (p value = 0,164) dan tingkat screen time console game (play station) dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang (p value = 0,515). Akan tetapi, terdapat hubungan tingkat screen time dalam menggunakan laptop/komputer dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang (p value = 0,046) dan tingkat screen time dalam bermain handphone dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang (p value = 0,012). Terdapat hubungan asupan energi yang terdapat pada camilan dengan status gizi remaja di SMK Negeri 3 Karawang (p value = 0,000). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media screen time yang berhubungan dengan status gizi yaitu laptop/komputer dan handphone. Pada asupan energi pada camilan juga memiliki hubungan dengan status gizi.