bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Interface Strength and Failure Between Nickel-Titanium Shape-Memory-Alloy Wire and Bismuth-Tin Matrix for the Design of Self-Healing Composites
Authors: Haider Muhammad Istiaque , Church Benjamin , Salowitz Nathan
Published: November 2023

Self-healing materials can lead to a paradigm shift in engineering design by enabling lighter weight & more efficient structures, reducing maintenance requirements, and changing the definition of failure. Among self-healing materials, metalmetal composites have the potential for some of the most advanced capabilities, being entirely structural and healing without consumable components.

Despite potential advantages, metal-metal self-healing composites are challenging to synthesize, as a result most research has focused on polymeric or ceramic self-healing materials. NiTi fiber reinforced off-eutectic BiSn matrix composite structures have demonstrated some of the most advanced self-healing abilities. After one of these non-autonomic self-healing structures incurs damage, the self-healing capability can be activated through the application of heat. Increase in temperature activates the shape memory effect in the NiTi, restoring bulk geometry and closing fractures. Continued heating results in melting of eutectic portions of the BiSn matrix which solders the matrix back together. Combined these abilities result in restoration of macro-scale geometry and near 100% restoration of strength without expending any internal consumable reagents. Therefore, the process can be repeated indefinitely.

One of the primary challenges in designing this composite structure is understanding the interface between the NiTi and BiSn. The strength and mechanisms of failure around this interface are critical to designing the composite (i.e. sizing the fibers) and understanding the resulting effects on strength and self-healing ability. A primary obstacle is that NiTi forms an inert titanium oxide (TiO2) surface layer almost instantly upon exposure to air. The TiO2 layer severely inhibits bonding between NiTi and BiSn (or most any other materials).

This paper presents an experimental and theoretical investigation into the properties of the interface between NiTi and BiSn in both a control state with the native TiO2 present and an experimental state where chemical etching processes were performed in an inert environment to remove the TiO2 and prevent is re-formation. Experimental specimens were synthesized, mechanically tested, and microscopically inspected. Modeling was performed to understand internal states of the structure and theory was developed consistent with and explaining observed results.

The results of this work quantified the improvement in interface strength between NiTi and BiSn achieved through the etching process. Quantification of this overall strength provides vital information for composite design optimization and sizing of wires. However, these analyses will differ from inactive composites to account for internal loads generated by the healing process and potential development of TiO2 upon incurring damage.
Scanning on a Thin Slice: An Examination of a Magnetostrictive Sputtered 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Composite
Authors: Nelon Christopher , Williams Brandon , Myers Oliver , Hall Asha , Seifu Dereje
Published: November 2023

Components designed for nondestructive evaluation or structural health monitoring applications often leverage smart materials, either mounted on the surface or embedded within, as a sensing element. The principle of magnetostriction represents a viable relationship to exploit in health assessment, especially with carbon fiber composites. A commercial carbon fiber filament for additive manufacturing, Onyx, consists of chopped fibers suspended in a polymeric host to enable heating and deposition on a build plate. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) sputtering provides an inert environment for safely depositing thin films of Terfenol-D, a highly pyrophoric magnetostrictive material when utilized in micro-sized particulate form, onto the surface of substrates. The sputtering process deposited magnetostrictive thin films onto a 6-millimeter diameter indentation surface in the gage area of 3D printed Onyx specimens. Heat treatment pre- and post-sputtering altered the crystal structure of the Onyx substrate, evident by the results of quasistatic uniaxial tensile experiments. Examination of the stress and strain data from the tensile tests found the elastic modulus and yield stress of the heat-treated, sputtered specimens to increase by nearly 77% and 62%, respectively, compared to the baseline specimens. A magnetometer aligned with the sputtered Terfenol-D regions provided magnetic flux density readings throughout the quasistatic tests. The alignment of the magnetometer probe relative to the sputtered surface influenced the magnitude of the magnetic flux density reading. Elongation of the Onyx material displaced the sputtered region from the initial alignment with the probe during testing resulting in variations in the magnitude of the magnetic flux density measurements. The ability to capture a magnetic response from a surface-deposited thin film of the highly magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D, with an estimated volume of 0.035 cubic millimeters, makes sputtering an excellent technique for developing a small displacement sensing element to detect damage in CFRP laminates and 3D printed composite components.
On the Resonance/Bandwidth-Coupling Relationship of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester With a Non-Varying Magnetic Flux Density
Authors: Toluwaloju Tunde Isaiah , Thein ChungKet , Halim Dunant
Published: November 2023

An investigation on how the degree of coupling determined by the coil size and the magnet spacing affects the bandwidth and or resonance of an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester was presented in this work. The vibration energy harvesting model was realized as a magnet mounted on a linear spring, the response of the magnet was however constrained using a mechanical slider/guiderail. The guiderail introduces another Coulomb damping different from the mechanical and electromagnetic damping into the model. The transduction coil is fixed with the base such that during excitation, the response of the magnet over the guiderail induces field in the coil, thereby generating electrical energy. Six different coil geometries of widths 4.00 mm, 6.00 mm, 8.00 mm, 10.00 mm and 12.00 mm were tested within two different magnet spacing configurations realized as a fixed spacing (14.00 mm) and variable spacing. The variable space corresponds to the coil width added to 2.00 mm clearance spacing. To establish a baseline for effective performance comparison between different models analyzed, the respective mechanical property such as the mechanical damping coefficients, mechanical stiffness and the model inertia masses are fixed The magnetic flux density on each designs were simulated on a Finite Element Magnetic Software (FEMM) software while the actual harvested voltage, power, optimum load capacity, resonance/bandwidth were queried in the MATLAB using relevant analytical governing equations. According to the Ohm’s law, the harvested voltage-resistance relationship indicates that using smaller coil in larger magnet spacing is beneficial for realizing vibration harvester model suitable for powering high current, low impedance sensor since such configurations is characterized by low optimum impedance. However, using coil geometries with commensurate spacing will realize capacity for operating low current, high impedance sensor because the optimum impedances are quite higher. Also, comparing similar geometry shows that the power density improved by 30.74 %, 18.06 %, 14.75 %, 7.29 % and 0 %, on coil geometries 4.00 mm, 6.00 mm, 8.00 mm, 10.00 mm and 12.00 mm respectively.
Satellite mapping of red snow on North American glaciers
Authors: Engstrom Casey B. , Quarmby Lynne M.
Published: November 2023

Red snow caused by blooms of microalgae darkens the surface of summer snowfields, increasing snowmelt. To assess the contribution of red snow to supraglacial snowmelt in northwestern North America, we systematically mapped the 2019–2022 distribution of blooms by applying supervised classification to 6158 satellite images. Blooms occurred on 5% of the total glaciated area, heavily affecting many glaciers in years of prolonged snow cover duration. Individual glaciers had up to 65% of their surface area affected by bloom in one melt season, which we estimate caused as much as 3 cm of snow meltwater equivalent averaged across the glacier surface. These results demonstrate appreciable snowmelt caused by red snow albedo over vast areas of North American glaciers.
MicroRNA-92a–CPEB3 axis protects neurons against inflammatory neurodegeneration
Authors: Winkler Iris , Engler Jan Broder , Vieira Vanessa , Bauer Simone , Liu Yi-Hsiang , Di Liberto Giovanni , Grochowska Katarzyna M. , Wagner Ingrid , Bier Jasmina , Bal Lukas C. , Rothammer Nicola , Meurs Nina , Egervari Kristof , Schattling Benjamin , Salinas Gabriela , Kreutz Michael R. , Huang Yi-Shuian , Pless Ole , Merkler Doron , Friese Manuel A.
Published: November 2023

Neuroinflammation causes neuronal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of neuronal stress responses, but knowledge about their contribution to neuronal protection or damage during inflammation is limited. Here, we constructed a regulatory miRNA–mRNA network of inflamed motor neurons by leveraging cell type–specific miRNA and mRNA sequencing of mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found robust induction of miR-92a in inflamed spinal cord neurons and identified cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (
Cpeb3
) as a key target of miR-92a–mediated posttranscriptional silencing. We detected CPEB3 repression in inflamed neurons in murine EAE and human MS. Moreover, both miR-92a delivery and
Cpeb3
deletion protected neuronal cultures against excitotoxicity. Supporting a detrimental effect of
Cpeb3
in vivo, neuron-specific deletion in conditional
Cpeb3
knockout animals led to reduced inflammation-induced clinical disability in EAE. Together, we identified a neuroprotective miR-92a–
Cpeb3
axis in neuroinflammation that might serve as potential treatment target to limit inflammation-induced neuronal damage.
Myeloid OTULIN deficiency couples RIPK3-dependent cell death to Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion
Authors: Doglio M. Giulia , Verboom Lien , Ruilova Sosoranga Emily , Frising Ulrika C. , Asaoka Tomoko , Gansemans Yannick , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , van Loo Geert , Wullaert Andy
Published: November 2023

Loss-of-function mutations in the deubiquitinase OTULIN result in an inflammatory pathology termed “OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome” (ORAS). Genetic mouse models revealed essential roles for OTULIN in inflammatory and cell death signaling, but the mechanisms by which OTULIN deficiency connects cell death to inflammation remain unclear. Here, we identify OTULIN deficiency as a cellular condition that licenses RIPK3-mediated cell death in murine macrophages, leading to Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β secretion. OTULIN deficiency uncoupled Nlrp3 inflammasome activation from gasdermin D–mediated pyroptosis, instead allowing RIPK3-dependent cell death to act as an Nlrp3 inflammasome activator and mechanism for IL-1β release. Accordingly, elevated serum IL-1β levels in myeloid-specific OTULIN-deficient mice were diminished by deleting either
Ripk3
or
Nlrp3
. These findings identify OTULIN as an inhibitor of RIPK3-mediated IL-1β release in mice.
Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the ulnar nerve around the elbow: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Acharya Ashwath M , Bhat Anil K , Pai G Mithun , Bansal Ekanki
Published: November 2023

Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (EMPNST) is a rare histological subtype of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), accounting for 5% to 17% of MPNSTs. The clinical and MRI findings of EMPNST mimic those of nerve abscesses, similar to the presentation in Hansen’s disease. We present one such case with this kind of diagnostic dilemma. Intraoperative findings suggest a tumour changed the course of management subsequently. The development of neurological deficits postoperatively after tumour resection was a reconstructive challenge. To provide motor power and sensation through a procedure that provides a complete functional outcome for a young patient, distal nerve transfers were chosen. This provided an improvement in the quality of life and hastened the neurological recovery of the involved limb. Level of evidence: V.
Early environmental risk factors and coeliac disease in adolescents: a population-based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Crawley Cæcilie , Sander Stine Dydensborg , Nohr Ellen Aagaard , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Husby Steffen
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Our aim was to investigate the association between early environmental factors and the development of coeliac disease (CeD) in adolescents, recruited from a cohort nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC).

Design

The study was designed as a prospective cohort study, nested in DNBC

Participants

The Glutenfunen cohort comprises 1266 participants, nested in DNBC. All participants were screened for CeD, and in total, 28 cases of biopsy proven CeD were identified. Data about breastfeeding, timing of introduction to solid food in infancy, use of antibiotics, infections and symptoms were parentally reported prospectively at 6 months and 18 months, respectively. We estimated ORs and 95% CIs of CeD in adolescents using logistic regression analysis.

Results

Viral croup reported at 18 months of age was associated with CeD in adolescents with an OR of 3.2 (95% CI: 1.2 to 8.7). Furthermore, otitis media also reported at 18 months of age was linked with CeD with an OR of 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5 to 7.3). We were not able to find any statistical associations between CeD and breastfeeding, frequency of infections, parentally reported use of antibiotic and timing of solid foods.

Conclusion

In this study, we present an overview of the relationship between early environmental factors and occurrence of CeD in adolescents. Our findings, despite limitations due to a limited number of cases of CeD, suggest a role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of CeD
Integrating participants as partners in research governance and operations: an approach from theAll of UsResearch Program Engagement Core
Authors: Hammack-Aviran Catherine , Fair Alecia Malin , Aldrich Melinda , Richmond Jennifer , Carpenter Selena McCoy , Watson Karriem S , Cohn Elizabeth G , Wilkins Consuelo Hopkins
Published: November 2023

Objectives

During the last two decades, researchers and funders increasingly recognised the value of engaging patients and communities in research. Despite progress, community engagement remains challenging. There are few examples of successful participant engagement in governance of large-scale research programmes. Here we describe efforts to engage participants as partners in new governance roles in theAll of UsResearch Program, a precision medicine research initiative which intends to enrol at least one million participants. Using intentional, participant-centric engagement strategies, theAll of UsEngagement Core recruited and integrated a diverse group of participants into governance roles including Steering and Executive Committees. Evaluation measures included a survey to assess Consortium Members’ readiness for participant engagement.

Results

Over a 3-year period, all items on the survey increased (higher readiness). Of the 291 respondents to the 2021 survey, respondents most frequently agreed that participant perspectives are essential (100%), participants understand enough to contribute meaningfully (94%) and participants should be involved in setting goals (96%). Respondents least frequently agreed that participants should have an equal voice in Working Groups (75%), Steering Committee (69%) and Executive Committee (63%).

Conclusion

In conclusion, participants can be effectively integrated into large-scale research governance, which is associated with increased researcher readiness for engagement.
Characterising the interventions designed to affect the reporting of musculoskeletal imaging: a scoping review protocol using the COM-B model
Authors: Kirby Edward , MacMillan Andrew , Liew Bernard X W , Brinkley Andrew , Bateman Andrew
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Attributing musculoskeletal (MSK) pain to normal and commonly occurring imaging findings, such as tendon, cartilage and spinal disc degeneration, has been shown to increase people’s fear of movement, reduce their optimism about recovery and increase healthcare costs. Interventions seeking to reduce the negative effects of MSK imaging reporting have had little effect. To understand the ineffectiveness of these interventions, this study seeks to scope their behavioural targets, intended mechanisms of action and theoretical underpinnings. This information alongside known barriers to helpful reporting can enable researchers to refine or create new more targeted interventions.

Methods and analysis

The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Search terms will be devised by the research team. Searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED and PsycINFO from inception to current day will be performed. The review will include studies, which have developed or evaluated interventions targeting the reporting of MSK imaging. Studies targeting the diagnosis of serious causes of MSK pain will be excluded. Two independent authors will extract study participant data using predefined extraction templates and intervention details using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. Interventions will be coded and mapped to the technique, mechanism of action and behavioural target according to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model categories. Any explicit models or theories used to inform the selection of interventions will be extracted and coded. The study characteristics, behaviour change techniques identified, behavioural targets according to the COM-B and context specific theories within the studies will be presented in narrative and table form.

Ethics and dissemination

The information from this review will be used to inform an intervention design process seeking to improve the communication of imaging results. The results will also be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and stakeholder events.
Key CT markers for predicting haemorrhagic transformation after ischaemic stroke: a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Wei Chenchen , Wu Qian , Liu Junfeng , Wang Yanan , Liu Ming
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Limited studies have systematically addressed the CT markers of predicting haemorrhagic transformation (HT). We aimed to (1) investigate the predictive ability of the imaging factors on multimodal CT for HT and (2) identify the key CT markers that can accurately predict HT while maintaining easy and rapid assessment in the early stage of stroke.

Design and setting

This was a prospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Southwest China.

Participants

Patients with ischaemic stroke admitted within 24 hours after onset were included.

Outcome measures

The primary outcome was measured as the overall HT. The secondary outcomes were the presence of parenchymal haematoma, symptomatic HT and spontaneous HT.

Results

A total of 763 patients were included. The early hypodensity >1/3 of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score≤7, midline shift, hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS), poor collateral circulation, infarct core and penumbra was independently associated with the increased risk of HT (all p < 0.05). The sensitivity of midline shift for predicting HT was only 3.5%, whereas its specificity was 99.8%. The combination of the early hypodensity >1/3 of the MCA territory, midline shift and HMCAS showed a good predictive performance for HT (area under the curve 0.80, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84).

Conclusions

Seven imaging factors on multimodal CT were independently associated with HT. The high specificity of midline shift suggests the need to consider it as an imaging indicator when assessing the risk of HT. The early hypodensity >1/3 of the MCA territory, midline shift and HMCAS was identified as the key CT markers for the early prediction of HT. The coexistence of the three key factors might be a valuable index for identifying individuals at high bleeding risk and guiding further treatments.
Implementation and the effects of a Parkinson Network Therapy (PaNTher) on activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in Parkinson’s disease patients: study protocol of an mixed-method observational cohort study in outpatient care
Authors: Loidl Verena , Ziegler Kerstin , Hoppmann Dagmar , Wagner Christian , Fietzek Urban M , Ceballos-Baumann Andrés O , Grill Eva
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) represents the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. It is characterised by complex motor and non-motor symptoms that lead to considerable disability. Specialised physiotherapy has been shown to benefit patients with PD. TheParkinson Netzwerk Therapie(PaNTher) was created to improve access to specialised physiotherapy tailored to care priorities of PD patients. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability and needs of the PaNTher network by neurologists and physiotherapists involved in the network in outpatient care.

Methods and analysis

This is a mixed-method, prospective, pragmatic non-randomised cohort study of parallel groups, with data collection taking place in Bavaria, Germany, between 2020 and 2024. Patients with PD insured by theAllgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Bayern(AOK Bayern) living in Bavaria will be recruited for study participation by network partners. Patients in the intervention group must reside in Munich or the surrounding area to ensure provision of specialised physiotherapy in close proximity to their place of residence. Controls receive care as usual. Six and 12 months after baseline, all patients receive a follow-up questionnaire. Mixed-effect regression models will be used to examine changes in impairment of activities of daily living and quality of life of patients with PD enrolled in the programme over time compared with usual care. Qualitative interviews will investigate the implementation processes and acceptability of the PaNTher network among neurologists and physiotherapists. The study is expected to show that the PaNTher network with an integrative care approach will improve the quality and effectiveness of the management and treatment of patients with PD.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the ethics committee at the medical faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (20-318). Results will be published in scientific, peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
Optimising scale-up for public health impact: a multimethod implementation science research protocol to improve infant health outcomes in Ethiopia
Authors: Hakizimana Dieudonne , Shitu Kegnie , Rankin Katherine C , Alemie Getahun A , Walson Judd , Guthrie Brandon L , Means Arianna Rubin
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Child mortality rates remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. We are conducting a cluster randomised control trial in the Gondar zone of the Amhara region to determine the impact of pairing Orthodox priests with community health workers, known locally as the Health Development Army (HDA), on newborns’ nutritional status, early illness identification and treatment, and vaccination completeness.

Ensuring intervention efficacy with scientific rigour is essential, but there are often delays in adopting evidence into policy and programmes. Here, we present a protocol for conducting parallel implementation research alongside an efficacy study to understand intervention implementability and scalability. This will help develop a scale-up strategy for effective elements of the intervention to ensure rapid implementation at scale.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a stakeholder analysis of key implementation stakeholders and readiness surveys to assess their readiness to scale up the intervention. We will conduct semistructured interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders, including HDA members, health workers, Orthodox priests, and caregivers, to determine the core intervention elements that need to be scaled, barriers and facilitators to scaling up the intervention in diverse sociocultural settings, as well as the human and technical requirements for national and regional implementation. Finally, to determine the financial resources necessary for sustaining and scaling the intervention, we will conduct activity-based costing to estimate implementation costs from the provider’s perspective.

Ethics and dissemination

The study received approval from the University of Gondar Institutional Review Board (approval no: VP/RTT/05/1030/2022) and the University of Washington Human Subjects Division (approval no: STUDY00015369). Participants will consent to participate. Results will be disseminated through workshops with stakeholders, local community meetings, presentations at local and international conferences, and journal publications. The study will provide evidence for factors to consider in developing a scale-up strategy to integrate the intervention into routine health system practices.
Association of serum potassium level with dietary potassium intake in Chinese older adults: a multicentre, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Yuan Yifang , Jin Aoming , Zhao Ming-Hui , Wang Hongxia , Feng Xiangxian , Qiao Qianku , Zhang Ruijuan , Gao Runlin , Wu Yangfeng
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Evidence linking dietary potassium and serum potassium is virtually scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between serum potassium level and potassium intake measured by 24-hour urine. We also explored whether the association differed across health conditions.

Design

A cross-sectional study conducted from September 2017 to March 2018.

Setting

48 residential elderly care facilities in northern China.

Participants

Participants aged 55 years and older and with both serum potassium and 24-hour urinary potassium measured were classified as having a low (apparently healthy), moderate (with ≥1 health condition but normal renal function) and high (with ≥1 health condition and abnormal renal function) risk of hyperkalaemia.

Exposure

Potassium intake is measured by 24-hour urinary potassium.

Outcomes

Serum potassium in association with potassium intake after adjustment for age, sex, region and accounting for the cluster effect.

Results

Of 962 eligible participants (mean age 69.1 years, 86.8% men), 17.3% were at low risk, 48.4% at moderate risk and 34.3% at high risk of hyperkalaemia. Serum potassium was weakly associated with 24-hour urinary potassium among individuals with moderate (adjusted β=0.0040/L; p=0.017) and high (adjusted β=0.0078/L; p=0.003) but not low (adjusted β=0.0018/L; p=0.311) risk of hyperkalaemia.

Conclusions

A weak association between dietary potassium intake and serum potassium level existed only among individuals with impaired renal function or other health conditions but not among apparently healthy individuals. The results imply that increasing dietary potassium intake may slightly increase the risk of hyperkalaemia but may also decrease the risk of hypokalaemia in unhealthy individuals, both of which have important health concerns.

Trial registration number

NCT03290716; Post-results.
Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with extreme large infarction core
Authors: Almallouhi Eyad , Zandpazandi Sara , Anadani Mohammad , Cunningham Conor , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Orscelik Atakan , Elawady Sameh Samir , Maier Ilko , Al Kasab Sami , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Arthur Adam S , Yoshimura Shinichi , Cuellar Hugo , Grossberg Jonathan A , Alawieh Ali , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam J , Osbun Joshua W , Crosa Roberto Javier , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Levitt Michael R , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Dumont Travis M , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Spiotta Alejandro M
Published: November 2023

Background

Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and large infarction core may still benefit from mechanical thrombectomy (MT). In this study, we evaluate outcomes of MT in LVO patients presenting with extremely large infarction core Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS 0–2).

Methods

Data from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) was interrogated. We identified thrombectomy patients presenting with an occlusion in the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery and extremely large infarction core (ASPECTS 0–2). A favorable outcome was defined by achieving a modified Rankin scale of 0–3 at 90 days post-MT. Successful recanalization was defined by achieving a modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) score ≥2B.

Results

We identified 58 patients who presented with ASPECTS 0–2 and underwent MT. Median age was 74.0 (66.3–80.0) years, 30 (51.7%) were females, and 16 (27.6%) patients received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. There was no difference regarding the location of the occlusion (p=0.57). Aspiration thrombectomy was performed in 34 (64.2%) patients and stent retriever was used in 8 (15.1%) patients. In patients presenting with ASPECTS 0-2 the mortality rate was 41.4%, 31% had mRS 0-3 at day 90, 66.67% ≥70 years of age had mRS of 5-6 at day 90. On multivariable analysis, age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission, and successful recanalization (mTICI ≥2B) were independently associated with favorable outcomes.

Conclusions

This multicentered, retrospective cohort study suggests that MT may be beneficial in a select group of patients with ASPECTS 0–2.
New dark matter candidate in the $$B-L$$ symmetric SSM
Authors: Yang Jin-Lei , Yang Zhong-Jun , Yang Xiu-Yi , Zhang Hai-Bin , Feng Tai-Fu
Published: November 2023

The B-L symmetric SUSY model (B-LSSM) introduces a new $$Z'$$

Z
′

gauge boson and two singlet scalars, which indicates there are more neutralinos in the B-LSSM comparing with the minimal SUSY extension of standard model (MSSM). These new neutralinos provide more dark matter (DM) candidates in the B-LSSM, we find that the super partner of the new scalar singlet can serve as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and be considered as a DM candidate. The properties of this new DM candidate are analyzed in this work. Taking into account the experimental constraints on Higgs boson mass, B meson rare decays and muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment, the numerical results are obtained and presented. The properties of new DM candidate in the B-LSSM satisfy the observed relic density $$\Omega h^2$$

Ω

h
2

and comply with the latest upper bounds on $$\sigma _\textrm{SI}^{\chi _1^0-n}$$

σ
SI

χ
1
0

-
n

, and its mass is expected to greater than $$80\;\textrm{GeV}$$

80

GeV

approximately.
$$J/\Psi $$ suppression in a rotating magnetized holographic QGP matter
Authors: Zhao Yan-Qing , Hou Defu
Published: November 2023

We study the dissociation effect of $$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

in magnetized, rotating QGP matter at finite temperature and chemical potential using gauge/gravity duality. By incorporating angular velocity into the holographic magnetic catalysis model, we analyze the influence of temperature, chemical potential, magnetic field, and angular velocity on the properties of $$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

meson. The results reveal that temperature, chemical potential, and rotation enhance the dissociation effect and increase the effective mass in the QGP phase. However, the magnetic field suppresses dissociation, and its effect on the effective mass is non-trivial. Additionally, we explore the interplay between magnetic field and rotation, identifying a critical angular velocity that determines the dominant effect. As a parallel study, we also examine the rotation effect in the holographic inverse magnetic catalysis model, although the magnetic field exhibits distinctly different behaviors in these two models, the impact of rotation on the dissociation effect of $$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

is similar. Finally, we investigate the influence of electric field and demonstrate that it also speeds up the $$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

dissociation.
Study on the possible molecular states composed of $$\Lambda _c{\bar{D}}^*$$, $$\Sigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$, $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$ and $$\Xi _c'{\bar{D}}^*$$ in the Bethe–Salpeter frame based on the pentaquark states $$P_c(4440)$$, $$P_c(4457)$$ and $$P_{cs}(4459)$$
Authors: Ke Hong-Wei , Lu Fang , Pang Hai , Liu Xiao-Hai , Li Xue-Qian
Published: November 2023

The measurements on a few pentaquarks states $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

, $$P_c(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

and $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

excite our new interests about their structures. Since the masses of $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

and $$P_c(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

are close to the threshold of $$\Sigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Σ
c

D

¯

∗

, in the earlier works, they were regarded as molecular states of $$\Sigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Σ
c

D

¯

∗

with quantum numbers $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

1
2

-

)

and $$\frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

1
2

(

3
2

-

)

, respectively. In a similar way $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

is naturally considered as a $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

bound state with $$I=0$$

I
=
0

. Within the Bethe-Salpeter (B-S) framework we systematically study the possible bound states of $$\Lambda _c\bar{D}^*$$

Λ
c

D

¯

∗

, $$\Sigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Σ
c

D

¯

∗

, $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

and $$\Xi _c'{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c
′

D

¯

∗

. Our results indicate that $$\Sigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Σ
c

D

¯

∗

can form a bound state with $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

1
2

-

)

, which corresponds to $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

. However for the $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

3
2

-

)

system the attraction between $$\Sigma _c$$

Σ
c

and $${\bar{D}}^*$$

D

¯

∗

is too weak to constitute a molecule, so $$P_{c}(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

may not be a bound state of $$\Sigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Σ
c

D

¯

∗

with $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

3
2

-

)

. As $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

and $$\Xi _c'{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c
′

D

¯

∗

systems we take into account of the mixing between $$\Xi _c$$

Ξ
c

and $$\Xi '_c$$

Ξ
c
′

and the eigenstets should include two normal bound states $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

and $$\Xi _c'{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c
′

D

¯

∗

with $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

1
2

-

)

and a loosely bound state $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

with $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

3
2

-

)

. The conclusion that two $$\Xi _c{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c

D

¯

∗

bound states exist, supports the suggestion that the observed peak of $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

may hide two states $$P_{cs}(4455)$$

P

cs

(
4455
)

and $$P_{cs}(4468)$$

P

cs

(
4468
)

. Based on the computations we predict a bound state $$\Xi _c'{\bar{D}}^*$$

Ξ
c
′

D

¯

∗

with $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

1
2

-

)

but not that with $$I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$$

I

(

J
P

)

=

1
2

(

3
2

-

)

. Further more accurate experiments will test our approach and results.
Limit Cycles from Perturbed Center on the Invariant Algebraic Surface of Unified Lorenz-Type System
Authors: Chen Yuming , Yang Qigui
Published: November 2023

For a three-dimensional chaotic system, little seems to be known about the perturbation of invariant algebraic surface and the center on this surface. This question is very interesting and worth investigating. This paper is devoted to analyzing the limit cycles from perturbed center (trivial and nontrivial equilibria) on the invariant algebraic surface of the unified Lorenz-type system (ULTS), which contains some common chaotic systems as its particular cases. First, based on the parameter-dependent center manifold, we obtain the approximate two-dimensional center manifold from the perturbation of invariant algebraic surface, as well as the two-dimensional system on this center manifold. Second, by applying the averaging method of third order to the above two-dimensional system, we show that under suitable perturbation of parameters of the ULTS, there is one limit cycle bifurcating from the perturbed center on the invariant algebraic surface of the ULTS, and the stability of this limit cycle is determined as well. By using the averaging method of fourth order, we show the same results with the averaging method of third order. Finally, numerical simulation is used to verify the theoretical analyses.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterizations and Pharmacological Assay Supported by DFT Studies, Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies of Organotellurium(IV) Complexes Derived from Bidentate Schiff Base of 5-Methyl-2-Thiophene Carboxaldehyde
Authors: Bhardwaj Anisha , Kumar Manish , Garg Sapana , Subhash  , Bendi Anjaneyulu
Published: November 2023

In the recent decade, due to the widespread distribution of infectious diseases, a significant series of compounds have been synthesized to fight these diseases. Among the different series of compounds, organotellurium(IV) complexes played a significant role in dealing with a variety of infectious diseases. In this connection, we have designed and synthesized six novel organotellurium(IV) complexes using 5-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (5MTCPT) Schiff base. The synthesized compounds were investigated by several spectral and computational techniques like FT-IR, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry, [Formula: see text]C NMR, TGA, SEM/EDAX, DFT and Molecular docking. The spectroscopic results apparently demonstrate that ligand depicts bidentate complexation through N and S atoms. The in vitro pharmacological interpretation of these compounds was executed as effective antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. All the designed compounds were also subjected to geometry optimization with def2-T2VPP and def2-SVP. The optimized structures were used for the molecular docking studies, and it was identified that the tellurium complexes have more effective antimicrobial and antioxidant properties than the Schiff base (5MTCPT).
Temperature effect on the transition between grain boundary migration and sliding
Authors: Wan Panpan , Huang Qishan , Zhou Haofei
Published: November 2023

Grain boundary (GB) dynamics plays an important role in the mechanical and physical properties of nanocrystalline metals. In this study, we investigate the temperature effect on GB deformation transition using molecular dynamics simulations of [100] symmetric tilt GBs in Au bicrystals. Different deformation behaviours were revealed in GBs with the same structures at varied temperatures. GB sliding occurs as the predominant deformation mechanism at elevated temperatures, while GB migration dominates at low temperatures. The temperature-dependent critical stresses for GB migration and GB sliding were compared, revealing that temperature alters the critical GB misorientation at which GB migration transitions to GB sliding. Our study provides new insight into GB-mediated plastic deformation in nanocrystalline materials.
Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol
Authors: Hogrefe Christin , Hölzle Markus , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret , Waldmann Thomas
Published: November 2023

In this publication, different cell- and charging parameters (advanced fast-charging protocol, 21700 tab design, electrolyte composition) are changed in a systematic step-by-step approach to reduce charging time while keeping the anode and cathode cell chemistry and electrodes (graphite—NMC 622 full cell) unchanged. Preliminary tests were carried out using 3-electrode full cells with a Li metal reference electrode to identify charging conditions that avoid Li metal deposition. In addition, the effects of the anode potential are investigated in 3-electrode full cells with a Li metal reference electrode. The optimized charging protocols from the 3-electrode full cells were then transferred to 2-electrode pilot-scale 21700 full cells. Two different tab designs (1 × 1 welded tabs and 120 × 125 foil tabs) were used in these cells. To improve the charging time further, an electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity was used under the best conditions from the previous tests. Cross-sectional in situ optical microscopy was used to visualize the transport effects within the anode. In the optimized 21700 cell (advanced fast-charging, 120 × 125 foil tabs, better Li+ transport in the electrolyte), the synergistic effects of the three different optimization steps reduced the charging time to 80% SOC by 46% compared to the baseline cell.
Three-Dimensional Porous Structural Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Blending Ethylene Carbonate and MIL-125 (Ti) Composite Membrane-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Fu Zhenyu , Li Yuhan , Huang Lirong , Zhang Weiya , Weng Ling
Published: November 2023

Lithium metal batteries are considered promising contenders for the next generation of high energy density batteries. However, lithium metal anode with inhomogeneous lithium deposition in liquid electrolyte causes the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites. Owing to the high dielectric constant, thermal stability and electromechanical stability of polyvinylidene fluoride, we design a novel gel polymer electrolyte consisting of porous polyvinylidene fluoride polymer matrix, liquid electrolyte, ethylene carbonate and MIL-125 (Ti) (Ti8O8(OH)4(BDC)6, BDC = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate) for facilitating Li+ transfer and alleviating the growth of lithium dendrites. The high dielectric constant environment facilitates the dissociation of Li+, and the porous polymer matrix structure accommodates more Li+ for fast transfer. Ethylene carbonate reduces the crystallinity of the polymer matrix and improves the ionic conductivity. MIL-125 (Ti) nanoparticles with surface area and uniform micropores improve toughness for enhancing mechanical property, and synergistically promote the Li+ transfer for building stable interfacial phase to alleviate the growth of Li dendrites. Therefore, the gel polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity of ∼1.50 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, and quasi-solid-state Li/LiFePO4 battery has high discharge capacity of 153.5 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 25 °C and 0.3 C.
Chitosan-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Zinc Oxyde/Graphene Nanocomposite/Screen Printed Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Methyl Paraben
Authors: Setiyanto Henry , Oktaviani Atik Dwi , Manurung Robeth Viktoria , Yuliarto Brian , Damayanti Ajeng Nega Reni , Aji Evyka Setya , Saraswaty Vienna
Published: November 2023

A novel electrochemical sensor, chitosan based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), was fabricated by electrodeposition of chitosan in the presence of methyl paraben (MP) on a zinc oxide/graphene nanocomposite (ZnO/GnC) modified screen-printed carbon electrode for selective detection of MP. The obtained chitosan-based MIP modified electrode, namely MIP/ZnO/GnC/SPCE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry. Under the optimized condition, the prepared sensor MIP/ZnO/GnC/SPCE exhibited satisfactory linearity with certain MP concentrations of 10 to 1000 μM and the limit of detection can reach 9.65 μM with a sensitivity of 0.00445 μA/μM.cm2. This work shows that the incorporation of chitosan-based MIP with ZnO/GnC generates a synergistic effect, increasing the current response in comparison with unmodified SPCE. The developed sensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and repeatability. Furthermore, the developed electrode was successfully applied for the determination of MP in cosmetic products and shows similar performance in comparison to UV-visible spectrophotometry analysis. In conclusion, the chitosan-based MIP modified ZnO/GnC/SPCE is promising for monitoring the MP in cosmetic products.
The Cortisol Levels, Histology, and Fine Structure of Various Tissues of Fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853) after Exposure to Lead
Authors: Adam Moh Awaludin , Soegianto Agoes , Risjani Yenny , Payus Carolyn Melissa , Yoga R. Gunawan Pratama , Sadi Nina Hermayani , Susanti Evi , Khumaidi Ach , Ramli Ramli
Published: November 2023

Background. Aquatic organisms demonstrate a high vulnerability to mortality when exposed to Pb, even at low concentrations. The objective of this investigation is to ascertain the histopathological alterations and cortisol concentrations in diverse tissues of Gambusia affinis, with a specific focus on the eggs and larvae, following exposure to varying concentrations of PbCl2. Methods. Adult specimens of G. affinis measuring 5-6 cm in length were obtained from a commercial fish breeding facility. A total of 8 fish with a 1 : 1 ratio of 4 pairs of broodstock were placed in an 8-liter aquarium. Following the adaptation phase, the broodstock underwent a spawning process that lasted for a duration of 7 days. Throughout the spawning process, assessments were conducted on the progression of the abdominal growth of the broodstock. Eggs ready to hatch and Gambusia larvae were taken and exposed to 0.1 mg/L PbCl2, 1 mg/L PbCl2, and control (without PbCl2) for 24 hours, with three replications. At the end of the experiment, histopathological analysis was conducted using the hematoxylin Ehrlich-eosin staining method and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation. The levels of Pb in gills were determined by employing atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The cortisol concentration in organ samples of fish was determined through the utilization of a cortisol ELISA Kit. Results. The findings of this investigation demonstrated an important bioaccumulation occurrence of Pb within the gills of Gambusia fish that were specifically subjected to 0.1 and 1 mg/L PbCl2. The histological structures of eggs and larvae that were subjected to PbCl2 exhibited impairment in comparison to the control group. The present study observed a significant elevation in cortisol levels among fish specimens that were subjected to PbCl2 exposure. Conclusions. The findings of this investigation suggest that the occurrence of Pb is linked to a rise in cortisol concentrations in various organs of G. affinis larvae. Furthermore, the research indicates that the exposure to Pb has a notable impact on the histological alterations in the eggs and larvae of Gambusia fish, implying that they are undergoing stress as a result of the Pb exposure.