bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single cell analyses reveal distinct adaptation of typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars to intracellular lifestyle
Authors: Reuter Tatjana , Scharte Felix , Franzkoch Rico , Liss Viktoria , Hensel Michael
Published: June 2021

Salmonella enterica is a common foodborne, facultative intracellular enteropathogen. Human-restricted typhoidal S. enterica serovars Typhi (STY) or Paratyphi A (SPA) cause severe typhoid or paratyphoid fever, while many S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) strains have a broad host range and in human hosts usually lead to a self-limiting gastroenteritis. Due to restriction of STY and SPA to primate hosts, experimental systems for studying the pathogenesis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever are limited. Therefore, STM infection of susceptible mice is commonly considered as model system for studying these diseases. The type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2-T3SS) is a key factor for intracellular survival of Salmonella. Inside host cells, the pathogen resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and induces tubular structures extending from the SCV, termed Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF). This study applies single cell analyses approaches, which are flow cytometry of Salmonella harboring dual fluorescent protein reporters, effector translocation, and correlative light and electron microscopy to investigate the fate and activities of intracellular STY and SPA. The SPI2-T3SS of STY and SPA is functional in translocation of effector proteins, SCV and SIF formation. However, only a low proportion of intracellular STY and SPA are actively deploying SPI2-T3SS and STY and SPA exhibited a rapid decline of protein biosynthesis upon experimental induction. A role of SPI2-T3SS for proliferation of STY and SPA in epithelial cells was observed, but not for survival or proliferation in phagocytic host cells. Our results indicate that reduced intracellular activities are factors of the stealth strategy of STY and SPA and facilitate systemic spread and persistence of the typhoidal Salmonella.
Recruitment of phospholipase Cγ1 to the non-structural membrane protein pK15 of Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus promotes its Src-dependent phosphorylation
Authors: Samarina Naira , Ssebyatika George , Tikla Tanvi , Waldmann Ja-Yun , Abere Bizunesh , Nanna Vittoria , Marasco Michelangelo , Carlomagno Teresa , Krey Thomas , Schulz Thomas F.
Published: June 2021

Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes three human malignancies, Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) and the plasma cell variant of multicentric Castleman’s Disease (MCD), as well as an inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). Its non-structural membrane protein, pK15, is among a limited set of viral proteins expressed in KSHV-infected KS tumor cells. Following its phosphorylation by Src family tyrosine kinases, pK15 recruits phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) to activate downstream signaling cascades such as the MEK/ERK, NFkB and PI3K pathway, and thereby contributes to the increased proliferation and migration as well as the spindle cell morphology of KSHV-infected endothelial cells. Here, we show that a phosphorylated Y481EEVL motif in pK15 preferentially binds into the PLCγ1 C-terminal SH2 domain (cSH2), which is involved in conformational changes occurring during the activation of PLCγ1 by receptor tyrosine kinases. We determined the crystal structure of a pK15 12mer peptide containing the phosphorylated pK15 Y481EEVL motif in complex with a shortened PLCγ1 tandem SH2 (tSH2) domain. This structure demonstrates that the pK15 peptide binds to the PLCγ1 cSH2 domain in a position that is normally occupied by the linker region connecting the PLCγ1 cSH2 and SH3 domains. We also show that longer pK15 peptides containing the phosphorylated pK15 Y481EEVL motif can increase the Src-mediated phosphorylation of the PLCγ1 tSH2 region in vitro. This pK15-induced increase in Src-mediated phosphorylation of PLCγ1 can be inhibited with the small pK15-derived peptide which occupies the PLCγ1 cSH2 domain. Our findings thus suggest that pK15 may act as a scaffold protein to promote PLCγ1 activation in a manner similar to the cellular scaffold protein SLP-76, which has been shown to promote PLCγ1 activation in the context of T-cell receptor signaling. Reminiscent of its positional homologue in Epstein-Barr Virus, LMP2A, pK15 may therefore mimic aspects of antigen-receptor signaling. Our findings also suggest that it may be possible to inhibit the recruitment and activation of PLCγ1 pharmacologically.
The kinesin of the flagellum attachment zone in Leishmania is required for cell morphogenesis, cell division and virulence in the mammalian host
Authors: Corrales Rosa Milagros , Vaselek Slavica , Neish Rachel , Berry Laurence , Brunet Camille D. , Crobu Lucien , Kuk Nada , Mateos-Langerak Julio , Robinson Derrick R. , Volf Petr , Mottram Jeremy C. , Sterkers Yvon , Bastien Patrick
Published: June 2021

Leishmaniaparasites possess a unique and complex cytoskeletal structure termed flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) connecting the base of the flagellum to one side of the flagellar pocket (FP), an invagination of the cell body membrane and the sole site for endocytosis and exocytosis. This structure is involved in FP architecture and cell morphogenesis, but its precise role and molecular composition remain enigmatic. Here, we characterizedLeishmaniaFAZ7, the only known FAZ protein containing a kinesin motor domain, and part of a clade of trypanosomatid-specific kinesins with unknown functions. The two paralogs of FAZ7, FAZ7A and FAZ7B, display different localizations and functions. FAZ7A localizes at the basal body, while FAZ7B localizes at the distal part of the FP, where the FAZ structure is present inLeishmania. While null mutants of FAZ7A displayed normal growth rates, the deletion of FAZ7B impaired cell growth in both promastigotes and amastigotes ofLeishmania. The kinesin activity is crucial for its function. Deletion of FAZ7B resulted in altered cell division, cell morphogenesis (including flagellum length), and FP structure and function. Furthermore, knocking out FAZ7B induced a mis-localization of two of the FAZ proteins, and disrupted the molecular organization of the FP collar, affecting the localization of its components. Loss of the kinesin FAZ7B has important consequences in the insect vector and mammalian host by reducing proliferation in the sand fly and pathogenicity in mice. Our findings reveal the pivotal role of the only FAZ kinesin as part of the factors important for a successful life cycle ofLeishmania.
First Contact – Take 2: Using XR technology as a bridge between Māori, Pākehā and people from other cultures in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Gunn Mairi , Billinghurst Mark , Bai Huidong , Sasikumar Prasanth
Published: June 2021

The art installation common/room explores human–digital–human encounter across cultural differences. It comprises a suite of extended reality (XR) experiences that use technology as a bridge to help support human connections with a view to overcoming intercultural discomfort (racism). The installations are exhibited as an informal dining room, where each table hosts a distinct experience designed to bring people together in a playful yet meaningful way. Each experience uses different technologies, including 360° 3D virtual reality (VR) in a headset (common/place), 180° 3D projection (Common Sense) and augmented reality (AR) (Come to the Table! and First Contact – Take 2). This article focuses on the latter, First Contact – Take 2, in which visitors are invited to sit at a dining table, wear an AR head-mounted display and encounter a recorded volumetric representation of an Indigenous Māori woman seated opposite them. She speaks directly to the visitor out of a culture that has refined collective endeavour and relational psychology over millennia. The contextual and methodological framework for this research is international commons scholarship and practice that sits within a set of relationships outlined by the Mātike Mai Report on constitutional transformation for Aotearoa, New Zealand. The goal is to practise and build new relationships between Māori and Tauiwi, including Pākehā.
Marine Conservation from Microplastics
Authors: Maalik Umeed
Published: June 2021

Environment is in continuous change to serve life in various forms on land and water. The cost of these services result negative changes in environment resulting pollution. It moves to oceans either it is generated inside or outside. Plastic pollution is most irreparable among these. It tends to minimize and stop environmental rich activities. Furthermore it moves towards destruction of physical and biological systems in marine environments. It results ecosystems damage and economy failure.
Telemonitoring-Supported Exercise Training in Employees With Metabolic Syndrome Improves Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis
Authors: Haufe Sven , Hupa-Breier Katharina L. , Bayerle Pauline , Boeck Hedwig T. , Rolff Simone , Sundermeier Thorben , Kerling Arno , Eigendorf Julian , Kück Momme , Hanke Alexander A. , Ensslen Ralf , Nachbar Lars , Lauenstein Dirk , Böthig Dietmar , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , Stiesch Meike , Terkamp Christoph , Wedemeyer Heiner , Haverich Axel , Tegtbur Uwe
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health problem worldwide and the main risk factor for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Established treatment options are lifestyle interventions facilitating dietary change and increased physical activity. Here, we tested the effect of a telemonitoring-supported intervention on liver parameter of inflammation and fibrosis in individuals with MetS.

METHODS:

This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-group, and assessor-blind study performed in workers of the main Volkswagen factory (Wolfsburg, Germany). Volunteers with diagnosed MetS were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 6-month lifestyle intervention focusing on supervised, activity-tracker–guided exercise or to a waiting-list control group. This secondary analysis assessed the effect of the intervention on liver enzymes and MAFLD-related parameters.

RESULTS:

We screened 543 individuals between October 10, 2017, and February 27, 2018, of whom 314 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 160) or control group (n = 154). Liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase significantly decreased after 6 months in the intervention group compared with the CG. Furthermore, an aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index score as a marker for liver fibrosis significantly decreased in the intervention group. These improvements were associated with changes in obesity and exercise capacity.

DISCUSSION:

A 6-month lifestyle intervention based on exercise training with individualized telemonitoring-based supervision led to improvements of liver inflammation and fibrosis in employees with MetS. Therefore, this intervention shows therapeutic potential for individuals at high risk of MAFLD (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03293264).
Internet Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Painful Chronic Pancreatitis: A Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Palermo Tonya M. , Law Emily F. , Topazian Mark D. , Slack Katherine , Dear Blake F. , Ko Yeon Joo , Vege Santhi Swaroop , Fogel Evan , Trikudanathan Guru , Andersen Dana K. , Conwell Darwin L. , Yadav Dhiraj ,   on behalf of the Consortium for the Study of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer (CPDPC)
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Severe abdominal pain is a cardinal symptom of chronic pancreatitis (CP) associated with a high economic and societal burden. In other chronic pain conditions, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy in improving patient outcomes (e.g., pain-related disability and depression). However, CBT has not yet been evaluated in adult patients with painful CP. We aimed to (i) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted Internet CBT program for CP and (ii) generate pilot data regarding the effects of treatment on patient pain outcomes.

METHODS:

Thirty adults (mean age = 49.8 years, SD = 12.5; 80% women) with suspected or definite CP were randomized to Internet CBT (Pancreatitis Pain Course) versus control. The Pancreatitis Pain Course has 5 CBT lessons (e.g., thought challenging, relaxation, and activity pacing) delivered over 8 weeks. Pain interference, pain intensity, and quality of life were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and the 3-month follow-up. Qualitative interviews were conducted at posttreatment with a subset of participants.

RESULTS:

Eighty percent of participants rated the program as highly acceptable; 64.3% completed all 5 lessons. Qualitative data revealed positive perceptions of program features, relevancy, and skills. Patients randomized to Internet CBT demonstrated moderate to large effects in reducing pain intensity and pain interference from baseline to 3 months. The proportion of treatment responders (>30% improvement) was significantly greater in the Internet-CBT group than in the control group (50% vs 13%, Fisher exact t test P = 0.04).

DISCUSSION:

In this first trial of CBT pain self-management in CP, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy for reducing pain and disability were demonstrated. Future definitive trials of CBT are needed.
Potential Benefits of Underdilation of 8-mm Covered Stent in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Ma Jinqiang , Zhou Chen , Yang Chongtu , Huang Songjiang , Shi Qin , Xiong Bin
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a major complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation. This study was aimed to determine whether underdilated TIPS with 8-mm polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents could reduce the risk of HE and liver damage yet maintain clinical and hemodynamic efficacy.

METHODS:

This retrospective case-controlled study included 134 patients treated with TIPS from March 2017 to November 2019. All the TIPS procedures were created using 8-mm covered stents, and according to the diameter of expansion balloon catheters, the patients were divided into 2 groups, an underdilated group (6-mm balloon catheter, n = 73) and a control group (8-mm balloon catheter, n = 61).

RESULTS:

The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the cumulative incidence of overt HE in the underdilated group was significantly lower than that in the control group (11.0% vs 29.5%, log rank P = 0.007), but no statistical differences were found toward variceal rebleeding, shunt dysfunction, and survival between groups. In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for overt HE were identified as age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.036, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.003–1.069, P = 0.032), Child-Pugh score (HR = 1.519, 95% CI = 1.212–1.905, P < 0.001), and group assignment (HR = 0.291, 95% CI = 0.125–0.674, P = 0.004).

DISCUSSION:

Underdilated TIPS with 8-mm polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents could reduce the risk of HE and liver function impairment compared with completely dilated TIPS, but not increase the risk of variceal rebleeding, shunt dysfunction, and death.
Paradata in Documentation Standards and Recommendations for Digital Archaeological Visualisations
Authors: Börjesson Lisa , Sköld Olle , Huvila Isto
Published: June 2021

Digitalisation of research data and massive efforts to make it findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable has revealed that in addition to an eventual lack of description of the data itself (metadata), data reuse is often obstructed by the lack of information about the datamaking and interpretation (i.e. paradata). In search of the extent and composition of categories for describing processes, this article reviews a selection of standards and recommendations frequently referred to as useful for documenting archaeological visualisations. It provides insight into 1) how current standards can be employed to document provenance and processing history (i.e. paradata), and 2) what aspects of the processing history can be made transparent using current standards and which aspects are pushed back or hidden. The findings show that processes are often either completely absent or only partially addressed in the standards. However, instead of criticising standards for bias and omissions as if a perfect description of everything would be attainable, the findings point to the need for a comprehensive consideration of the space a standard is operating in (e.g. national heritage administration or international harmonisation of data). When a standard is used in a specific space it makes particular processes, methods, or tools transparent. Given these premises, if the standard helps to document what needs to be documented (e.g. paradata), and if it provides a type of transparency required in a certain space, it is reasonable to deem the standard good enough for that purpose.
Minor Politics, Major Consequences
Authors: Löffler Beate , Mager Tino
Published: June 2021

Metadata is part of our knowledge systems and, so, represents and perpetuates political hierarchies and perceptions of relevance. While some of these have come up for scrutiny in the discourses on digitization, some ‘minor’ issues have gone unnoticed and a few new mechanisms of imbalance have escaped attention as well. Yet, all of these, too, influence the usability of digital image collections. This paper traces three fields of ‘minor politics’ and their epistemic consequences, both in general and in particular, with respect to the study of architecture and its visual representation: first, the intrinsic logic of the original collections and their digital representation; second, the role of support staff in the course of digitization and data transfer; and, third, keywording as a matter of disciplinary habitus. It underlines the ‘political’ role of metadata within the context of knowledge production, even on the local level of a single database, and connects to the implementation of contemporary technologies like computer vision and artificial intelligence for image content classification and the creation of metadata. Given the abundance of digitally available (historical) images, image content recognition and the creation of metadata by artificial intelligence are sheer necessities in order to make millions of hitherto unexplored images available for research. At the same time, the challenge to overcome existing colonial and other biases in the training of AI remains. Hence, we are once again tasked to reflect on the delicate criterion of objectivity. The second part of this paper focuses on research done in the ArchiMediaL project (archimedial.eu); it demonstrates both the potentials and the risks of applying artificial intelligence for metadata creation by addressing the three fields mentioned above through the magnifying glass of programming.
Hispanic place names of Uruguay in the context of linguopragmatics
Authors: Martynenko Irina
Published: June 2021

The article contributes to the identification and linguistic analysis of the Hispanic toponymic units of Uruguay, and presents the first attempt to classify them. Due to historical factors and geographical location, the Uruguayan toponymic corpus over the centuries have been formed of the European (mainly Hispanic) and autochthonous (mostly Guarani) layers. The author groups geographical names of Spanish origin, giving multiple examples, explaining their etymology and identifying metonymic chains. Along with the description of Hispanic commemorative toponyms, religious allusions, zoo- and phytotoponyms, emotionally colored toponyms and geographical names containing numerals, the author assigns a separate place to folk etymology, shift and repeated names.
Resenha de “Língua como linha de força do dispositivo colonial: os Gavião entre a aldeia e a universidade”
Authors: Da Silva Marcus Vinícius
Published: June 2021

Trata-se de uma resenha da Tese de Doutorado de Flávia Marinho Lisbôa, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Instituto de Letras e Comunicação, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém,  no ano de 2019. A pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre o papel da língua nas práticas sociodiscursivas da universidade, como instituição de materialização das normatividades hegemônicas do dispositivo colonial, para a permanência de alunos indígenas Gavião dos grupos Parkatejê, Akrãtikatejê e Kyikatjê na Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa). Para tanto, a pesquisa filia-se à perspectiva teórica dos Estudos Pós-Coloniais (especialmente Walter Mignolo, Aníbal Quijano, Catherine Walsh e Àngel Rama) e da análise do discurso arquegenealógica de Michel Foucault.
Mises en vedette : le rugby tel qu'il expose (1968-2013)
Authors: Féménias Damien
Published: June 2021

Une analyse quantifiée de l’activité éditoriale globale consacrée au rugby en France depuis 1884 (n=1216), permet de différencier des régimes de visibilité, objective une périodisation, et montre les étapes par lesquelles le rugby a progressivement intégré une logique de médiatisation qui lui est devenue élémentaire. Si la médiaculture rugbystique produit des vedettes à partir des années 1920, l’analyse qualitative de 43 biographies et récits personnels montre ensuite comment, depuis la fin des années 1960, les figures exposées se diversifient, les expositions se renouvellent, et établissent d’autres formes de connivence.
Contamination of Heavy Metals (Pb and Cu) at Tin Sea Mining Field and Its Impact to Marine Tourism and Fisheries
Authors: Adibrata Sudirman , Yusuf Muh. , Irvani Irvani , Firdaus Maulana
Published: June 2021

The dynamics of heavy metals (Pb and Cu) distribution near sea mining locations can show a negative impact on fisheries resource management. The study was conducted at the coastal area of Tanah Merah Beach, Central Bangka Regency, the geographical location at 02o12'50 "S and 106o13'00" E. This study aims to determine the extent of heavy metals (Pb and Cu) distribution adjacent sea mining field and its impact on marine tourism and fisheries. Purposive sampling method was used to identify the sampling locations from 13 closest locations to the farthest from marine mining sources. The result show that the closest and farthest Pb and Cu values from the tin mining activities were 0.16 mg.L-1; 0.03 mg.L-1 and 0.02 mg.L-1; <0.003 mg.L-1. The Hydro-oceanographic conditions from the highest to the lowest water currents of 0.03 m.s-1 - 0.001 m.s-1. This research represented the east monsoon, which showed that the heavy metal distributions dynamics are not too distance-reaching due to weak water currents, so that the dilution and sedimentation rate is slow. It is stated that the waters are polluted where the highest contamination value is indicated by the location closest to the source of marine mining and further weakened at the location farthest from the source of pollutants. Environmental impact from that activity has significantly threatened marine tourism and fishery activities by reducing economic benefits that given from marine and coastal environmental. Urgently, it is necessary to regulate like zoning tin mining activities and sites for the sustainable common purposes and prevent conflicts.
Persona y libertad: lecturas desde la diversidad, la complejidad y la conflictividad
Authors: Martin-Fiorino Víctor , Miralbell Ignacio , Molina Eduardo , de la Maza Luis Mariano , Tell María Belén , Cadavid-Claussen María Victoria
Published: June 2021

This book analyzes, from diverse but convergent historical and theoretical visions, the central problems of the anthropological structure of the person in relation to freedom - as the center of personal dignity - and with the possibilities and limits of free action and its conditionings. The text highlights the tension between rationality and responsibility when studying freedom from different perspectives, and as a decision of the person who responsibly practice it to the other people, from the will, experience and intersubjectivity. By the hands of authors, from Aristotle to contemporary anthropology, who are essential references, the text clarifies the origin of the choices in which freedom is expressed and allows deepening its understanding as an idea and as a content, from the complexity and conflict. The work studies fundamental aspects of the person-freedom relationship from ethics, psychology, politics, metaphysics and theology, and highlights the value of purpose, autonomy and community environments in which freedom is realized, keeping in mind an integrative anthropological approach. Finally, the argument about the centrality of the person is especially valuable in times of visions that minimize the human to consumption, production or ideology. The conclusions of this volume revalue the foundation and the possibility of free action that makes the being human responsible and committed.
Maria Andersson, Framtidens kvinnor: Mognad och medborgarskap i svenska flickböcker 1832–1921
Authors: Heggestad Eva
Published: June 2021

Review/Recension
Delegation and Information Disclosure with Unforeseen Contingencies
Authors: Lei Haoran , Zhao Xiaojian
Published: June 2021

We incorporate unawareness into the delegation problem between a financial expert and an investor, and study their pre-delegation communication. The expert has superior awareness of the possible states of the world, and decides whether to reveal some of them to the investor. We find that the expert reveals all the possible states to the investor if the investor is initially aware of a large set of possible states, but reveals partially or nothing otherwise. An investor with a higher degree of unawareness tends to delegate a larger set of projects to the expert, giving rise to a higher incentive for the expert to keep her unaware.
Brief aus den Niederlanden
Authors: Bauer Katharina , Wehrle Maren
Published: June 2021

In this letter to our German colleagues we describe the situation, mentality, and organization of academic philosophy in the Netherlands in comparison to Germany. We proceed in five acts. In the first act, A wide beach, we set the stage and introduce the two academic landscapes; in the second act, Between controversy and frontal teaching, we compare the Dutch and German academic temper and practices. In the third act, Flat land, flat hierarchies, we parallelize the geography of the Netherlands and the organizational structure of Dutch universities. In the fourth act, Philosophers among merchants, we discuss the positive and negative sides of the liberal, transparent, competitive and progress-oriented spirit of Dutch academic philosophy. In the fifth and final act, Philosophy from the pragmatic point of view, we conclude what we can learn from our Dutch neighbours: We plea for a non-elitist, down to earth, straight-forward, and open-minded way of doing philosophy, where one is neither shying away from controversy nor too shy to come down from the ivory tower and mingle with the audience.
Slippage phenomenon in hydromagnetic peristaltic rheology with hall current and viscous dissipation
Authors: Ali Aamir , Mumraiz Sana , Anjum Hafiz Junaid , Asghar Saleem , Awais Muhammad
Published: June 2021

The current research explores the slippage phenomenon in hydromagnetic peristaltic activity of a non-Newtonian fluid with porous media in an asymmetric channel. The analysis is performed under the influence of thermal radiation, Hall current, Joule heating and viscous dissipation. The problem is formulated with the assumption of small Reynolds number and large wavelength. Analytical solutions are achieved through perturbation technique and the impacts of involved influential parameters are examined through graphs. It is observed that the pressure gradient rises with fourth grade fluid parameter and decreases with increasing phase difference. The pressure rise increases in pumping regime and decreases in co-pumping regime for increasing magnetic field parameter, whereas it has opposite effects for hall parameter. It is also noted that the velocity drops in the middle of the channel, while it increases near the boundaries for growing slip parameter and magnetic field parameters and it has the opposite behavior for hall and permeability parameters. The slip parameter increases the temperature of the fluid and decreases the concentration. Also, in trapping phenomena, the bolus size reduces by enlarging Deborah parameter. The present research has profound use in biomedical science, polymer technology and artificial heart polishing.
Das historische Schulprogramm als wissenschaftssystemische Textsorte: Reflexionen seiner para- bzw. peritextuellen sowie abbildlichen Ausgestaltung
Authors: Markewitz Friedrich
Published: June 2021

Das Schulprogramm als konstitutive Textsorte des Erziehungs- und Wissenschaftssystems des 18. wie 19. Jahrhunderts diente den Lehrenden insbesondere als Medium der Reflexion ihres beruflichen Selbstverständnisses. Anhand paratextueller und bildlicher Ausgestaltungen der Abhandlungen als Teil der Programme soll die Charakterisierung dieses als wissenschaftliche Textsorte diskutiert werden, wobei von einer textevolutiv-zunehmenden Professionalisierung im Umgang mit wissenschaftstextuellen Charakteristika ausgegangen wird.
Der „offene Dialog“ in den Briefen ans Neue Forum (1989/1990)
Authors: Leyhausen-Seibert Katja
Published: June 2021

Aus sprachgeschichtlicher Perspektive ist Offenheit als „Kommunikationsideal“ affirmativ beschrieben worden (Schröter 2011). Dieser Aufsatz thematisiert den Umgang mit „offenem“ Reden und „offenem Dialog“ in ca. 750 Briefen an das Neue Forum (NF) zur DDR-Wendezeit und zeigt demgegenüber: Zur Herstellung eines öffentlichen Diskurses war dieses Ideal anfänglich historisch notwendig. Doch durch eine (maßgeblich vom Staatsapparat vorangetriebene) Moralisierung desselben Ideals etablierten sich „destruktive Gemeinschaften“ (Sennett 2004), die die neue Öffentlichkeit mit offener Aggression bewirtschafteten.
Mediastinal mixed germ cell tumor: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hu Xianwen , Li Dandan , Xia Jinhua , Wang Pan , Cai Jiong
Published: June 2021

Mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT) mainly occurs in young women’s ovaries and men’s testicles and rarely occurs outside the gonad. Fewer than 10 cases of mediastinal MGCT are available in PubMed, Embase, and other databases in English, while mediastinal MGCT with three pathological components, such as yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and embryonal carcinoma, has not been reported previously. A 12-year-old male sought medical attention for chest discomfort and underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan. A large soft tissue mass occupying most of the left thoracic cavity and mediastinum was detected. A CT-guided biopsy was performed, and an MGCT was diagnosed with pathological components, including yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and a small amount of embryonal carcinoma. Due to the large size of the tumor, the patient was treated with an EP regimen (etoposide + cisplatin) and paclitaxel + ifosfamide + cisplatin interstitial chemotherapy. The patient was followed up for 6 months and was alive with the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 10th patient with MGCT in the mediastinum. The incidence of mediastinal MGCT is low, but it should still be considered one of the differential diagnoses of isolated pleural fibroma and neurogenic tumors.
Lived experiences of Puerto Rican university students displaced to South Florida after Hurricane Maria
Authors: Szecsi Tunde , Aydin Hasan , Giambo Debra
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to document the experiences, services, and programs provided to displaced university students from Puerto Rico and to offer recommendations to educational and community agencies regarding effective integration after a natural disaster. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews, this qualitative phenomenology study consisted of collecting oral histories of six displaced university students from Puerto Rico who relocated to Southwest Florida after Hurricane Maria. The analysis of the data indicated three themes, including (1) trauma after hurricane, (2) challenges and needs during relocation, and (3) conflicting feelings about the homeland and the United States. Although immediate, basic needs were met soon after relocation, in-depth, social-emotional needs, such as dealing with trauma and becoming acculturated in the new culture, remained unanswered. Recommendations are provided to higher education administration, professionals in education, and community agencies.
Photoacoustic-guided photothermal therapy by mapping of tumor microvasculature and nanoparticle
Authors: Wang Zhiyang , Yang Fei , Cheng Zhongwen , Zhang Wuyu , Xiong Kedi , Yang Sihua
Published: June 2021

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) has demonstrated its clinical value and adaptability, it still requires imaging guidance to motivate the development of precise and effective treatment. For PTT, high-resolution visualization of tumor microvasculature and accurate location of nanoparticles distribution are crucial for the therapeutic outcome. Here, a wavelength-switchable photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) was developed to noninvasively investigate the tumor microvasculature and the accumulation of nanoparticles for accurately guiding PTT and evaluating the therapeutic effect. In a tumor model, PAM was used to continuously monitor the tumor microenvironment in vivo, and the proportion of microvessels in tumor site was found increased by 10%, and the diameters of the draining veins were doubled on day 7. In addition, quantitative parameters such as tumor volume and vascular density can also be demonstrated by the PAM. Meanwhile, the concentration of Den-RGD/Cy7 at the tumor site reached its maximum at 8 h by PA mapping after intravenous injection, which was used to determine the optimal irradiation timing. After treatment, photoacoustic monitoring showed that PTT can precisely kill the tumors and minimize damage to surrounding normal tissues, which was consistent with the pathological slides. The experimental results proved that PAM can provide an auxiliary means for precision PTT.
Crystal structure of (E)-N′-(2-chloro-6-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide, C14H11ClN2O3
Authors: Liu Jianlian , Hao Hong , Du Chaojun
Published: June 2021

C14H11ClN2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.0242(11) Å, b = 25.375(4) Å, c = 7.6789(13) Å, β = 111.2752°, V = 1275.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0349, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1123, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 4-(3-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-2-amine, C10H8BrN3
Authors: Khan Arshad , Usman Rabia , Khan Amjad , Refat Moamen S. , Alosaimi Abeer M. , Bakare Safyah B. , Alghamdi Mohammed T.
Published: June 2021

C10H8BrN3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 7.214(3) Å, b = 12.735(6) Å, c = 21.305(9) Å, V = 1957.3(15) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0353, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0808, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of dibromido-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-κ1
N)-(3-(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)propanoato-κ1
O)zinc(II), C11H16Br2N4O2Zn
Authors: Liu Pengju , Wang Zongwei , Guo Libing , Tang Junming
Published: June 2021

C11H16Br2N4O2Zn, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 15.534(7) Å, b = 7.956(4) Å, c = 14.589(7) Å, β = 119.094(8)°, V = 1575.5(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0296, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0703, T = 296 K.
Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Cadaba farinosa Forssk stem bark extracts
Authors: Halilu Emmanuel M. , Abdurrahman Abdullahi M. , Mathias Sylvester N. , Ugwah-Oguejiofor Chinenye J. , Abdulrahman Muntaka , Abubakar Saadu
Published: June 2021

Cadaba farinosa
is used in traditional medicine for treatment of cancer, diabetes, and rheumatism. The research was aimed at evaluating the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The powdered stem bark was extracted successively with the aid of Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The resulting extracts were concentrated on rotary evaporator and the percentage yields were calculated. The phytochemical and TLC profiles of the extracts were studied. The antioxidant activity of the extracts and ascorbic acid (standard) were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. The total phenolic content of the extracts and tannic acid (standard) were evaluated using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The percentage yields of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were found to be 1.19, 1.37, and 13.93%, respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The TLC profiles of the extracts revealed the presence of compounds as evidenced from their R

f

values. The total phenolic content of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to be 135 and 112 mg, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity demonstrated by the extracts was comparable to ascorbic acid. The ethyl acetate extract had higher phenolic content and demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging with IC50 31.07 mg/mL. The results of research have provided strong preliminary evidence of antioxidant activity which may be because of phenolic compounds in the extracts.
Serum microRNA signature is capable of predictive and prognostic factor for SARS-COV-2 virulence
Authors: Demiray Aydın , Sarı Tuğba , Çalışkan Ahmet , Nar Rukiye , Aksoy Levent , Akbubak İsmail Hakkı
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs consisting of 19–25 nucleotides and play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. We have focused on serum expression levels of microRNA (miRNA) a novel concept of in host–virus interactions. MicroRNA expression profiles were investigated in serum samples of COVID-19 patients.

Materials and methods

The samples were collected from 40 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 patients and from 10 healthy controls. Expression profile of 20 miRNAs were examined using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results

Statistically significant expression level differences (p < 0.05) were detected in nine miRNAs in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. 7 miRNAs (hsa-let-7d, hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-34b, hsa-miR-93, hsa-miR-200b, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-223) expression levels were found to be significantly decreased and the expression levels of 2 miRNAs (hsa-miR-190a and hsa-miR-203) significantly increased respect to healthy controls.

Conclusions

We expect that a miRNA profile can be beneficial for the diagnosis of the COVID-19. Our result revealed that the increase in hsa-miR-190a level may be a prognostic factor related to the COVID-19 disease.
“C’est un bourgeois, mais non un bourgeois ordinaire”: The Contested Afterlife of Ingres’s Portrait of Louis-François Bertin
Authors: Wrigley Richard
Published: June 2021

Ingres’s portrait of Louis-François Bertin (1832) has been universally accepted as a visual “apotheosis” of the newly powerful early 19th-century bourgeoisie in France. Here, we study the inconsistencies and contestation which contributed to this identification. Beginning with the moment of its first public exhibition in the 1833 Paris Salon, this article traces Bertin’s evolving reputation as an image of its epoch, focusing on its reappearance in public first at the Bazar Bonne-Nouvelle in 1846, and then in the display of Ingres’s works at the Exposition Universelle of 1855. This leads to a critical assessment of how the picture’s role as a political emblem has been related to later assertions that it also exemplified the artist’s incipient modernism. The exhibition of works by Ingres at the Paris Salon d’Automne in 1905 allows us to take stock of claims made about the picture’s status in the early 20th century. However, in contrast to the habitual desire to modernise Ingres (and thereby to detach him from a lingering taint of academicism), this article argues that a key element in the reception of Ingres’s portrait in the second half of the 19th century is a recognition of its rootedness in values emanating from the Revolution of 1789, embodied both in the person of LouisFrançois Bertin and Ingres’s representation of him.
Reopening graves in the early Middle Ages: from local practice to European phenomenon
Authors: Klevnäs Alison , Aspöck Edeltraud , Noterman Astrid A. , van Haperen Martine C. , Zintl Stephanie
Published: June 2021

Across Europe early medieval archaeologists have long recognised significant numbers of graves displaying evidence for the intentional post-burial disturbance of skeletons and artefacts. The practice of reopening and manipulating graves soon after burial, traditionally described—and dismissed—as ‘robbing’, is documented at cemeteries from Transylvania to southern England. This article presents a synthesis of five recent regional studies to investigate the evidence of and the motivations for the reopening of early medieval graves. From the later sixth century AD, the reopening of individual graves and removal of selected artefact types rapidly became part of the shared treatment of the dead across this wide area.
Evaluation of Omega-3 Status in Professional Basketball Players
Authors: Davis Jon-Kyle , Freese Eric C. , Wolfe Anthony S. , Basham Steven A. , Stein Kimberly M.W.
Published: June 2021

Davis, JK, Freese, EC, Wolfe, AS, Basham, SA, and Stein, KMW. Evaluation of omega-3 status in professional basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 1794–1799, 2021—Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to promote muscle remodeling, improve immune status, decrease muscle soreness, and help maintain explosive power. Research that has assessed omega-3 blood concentrations with athletes has primarily focused on the college athlete. However, limited work has been conducted with the professional athlete. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the omega-3 PUFA blood concentrations, dietary, and supplement intake of professional basketball players. Blood collection occurred during preseason medical screenings and analyzed for eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, the omega-3 Index (O3i), and various fatty acids using dried blood spot sampling. The mean O3i of 119 professional basketball players was 5.02 + 1.19% (range, 2.84–9.76%). Dietary intake of players showed that 31% of players reported consuming no fish in their diet per week, with 61% of players reported consuming less than 2 servings of fish per week. Only 12 of the 119 players reported supplementing with omega-3 PUFA, which varied widely for dosage and frequency of supplementation. A moderate correlation was shown for O3i and dietary fish consumption per week (r = 0.58; p < 0.01) and fish consumption per month (r = 0.57; p < 0.01). A large number of players reported consuming less than the recommend amount of dietary fish per week and very few players reported supplementing with omega-3 PUFA. The low intake of omega-3 PUFA likely contributed, in part, to the majority of players having an O3i of less than 8%.
Robust Fabric Defects Inspection System Using Deep Learning Architecture
Authors: Shanthi T. , Paramasivam M. E. , Prakash C. , Manju K. , Paul Eldho , Anand R. , Dinesh P. M. , Sabeenian R. S. , Raja D.
Published: June 2021

Clothing is one of the fundamental requirements for living. The fabric business is a steadily developing industry because the interest in dress will never diminish. To support the development of the clothing industry, the clothing industry needs to take rigid measures to keep up the quality of the pieces of fabric they produce. The industry needs a worker to screen the quality of the fabric using a manual fabric review framework. The goal of this article is to plan a profound deep learning algorithm to recognize the fabric types using computer vision. This article focuses on identification of fabric defects using convolutional neural network with the use of appropriate pooling layer, softmax layer, and rectified linear activation layer to acquire an undeniable degree of precision. The photographs of garments with various fabric defects like fabric broken pick defect, fabric with pattern, soiled fabric, fabric weft yarn defect, and plain fabric are considered for evaluation of the architecture. The performance of the architecture is measured with various performance measures like sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The algorithm produces the highest accuracy of 97.5 and 100 % for the training and testing samples, respectively, for soiled fabric type.
Experimental Investigations on Microwave-Current Assisted Sintering Process and Oxidation of Graphite Die at High Temperature
Authors: Al-Jothery H. K. M. , Albarody Thar M. , Megat-Yusof P. S. M. , Al-Shaibani N. , Mohammed H. G.
Published: June 2021

In the current-assisted sintering technique, graphite is mainly used to fabricate die and other components (such as electrodes and spacers) because of its excellent thermoelectric properties, high melting point and high ratio of the tensile strength to the compressive strength. As widely known, graphite is one of the brittle materials, and the failure is difficult to be anticipated before it happens. Besides, there is a lack of information about the effects of sintering process, environment and impurity on the graphite structure of the furnace, especially the die, which is the weakest part of the graphite structure. Therefore, the effects of electrical field and oxidation on the graphite die of microwave-current assisted sintering apparatus were investigated at a high temperature of 600-1900 °C based on physical characteristics and mechanical strength. In this article, the spark discharge phenomenon was experimentally proved during the sintering process of nonconductive material. The tensile strength of the upper punch after the sintering process was 20.2% higher than the pristine one because of the transforming of micro-graphite to carbon nanotubes which increased with increasing the temperature. On the other hand, the tensile strengths of graphite lower punch and sleeve were slightly dropped. While, the oxidation of GW-6S graphite in the air caused a mass loss that led to the reduction in tensile and compressive strengths.
Predškolske ustanove Grada Zadra do Rapalskog ugovora
Authors: Ljubičić Šime
Published: June 2021

Namjera ovoga rada je prikazati predškolske ustanove grada Zadra u vremenu od donošenja naredbe ministra za bogoštovlje i nastavu u Beču 1872. do kraja Prvoga svjetskog rata, odnosno do Rapalskoga ugovora 1920. godine. O ovim ustanovama u Zadru do sada se nije pisalo stoga ćemo se pozivati isključivo na tekstove četvorice kotarskih školskih nadzornika i poneki tekst iz onovremenoga zadarskog tiska.