bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Dehalogenative Deuteration of Halides over a Robust Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Luo Tian , Wang Zi , Chen Yinlin , Li Hengzhao , Peng Mengqi , Tuna Floriana , McInnes Eric J. L. , Day Sarah J. , An Jie , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai
Published: October 2023

Deuterium labelling of organic compounds is an important process in chemistry. We report the first example of photocatalytic dehalogenative deuteration of both arylhalides and alkylhalides (40 substrates) over a metal–organic framework, MFM‐300(Cr), using CD3CN as the deuterium source at room temperature. MFM‐300(Cr) catalyses high deuterium incorporation and shows excellent tolerance to various functional groups. Synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction reveals the activation of halogenated substrates via confined binding within MFM‐300(Cr). In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the formation of carbon‐based radicals as intermediates and reveals the reaction pathway. This protocol removes the use of precious‐metal catalysts from state‐of‐the‐art processes based upon direct hydrogen isotope exchange and shows high photocatalytic stability, thus enabling multiple catalytic cycles.
Towards Artificial Visual Sensory System: Organic Optoelectronic Synaptic Materials and Devices
Authors: Chen Hao , Cai Yunhao , Han Yinghui , Huang Hui
Published: October 2023

Developing an artificial visual sensory system requires optoelectronic materials and devices that can mimic the behavior of biological synapses. Organic/polymeric semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic synapses due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, mechanic flexibility, and biological compatibility. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in organic optoelectronic synaptic materials and devices, including their design principles, working mechanisms, and applications. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field and provide insights into potential applications of these materials and devices in next‐generation artificial visual systems. By leveraging the advances in organic optoelectronic materials and devices, we can envision its future development in artificial intelligence.
Effect of Ligand Structure on Ethylene Oligomerization over Salicylaldehyde Imine Nickel Complexes: Experiments and Calculations
Authors: Chen Liduo , Tan Jinyan , Lan Tianyu , Huo Hongliang , Sun Liyuan , Jiang Yan , Zhang Na , Li Cuiqin , Wang Jun
Published: October 2023

Salicylaldehyde imine nickel complexes Ni1‐Ni10 containing different electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups on benzene rings were synthesized, using ethylenediamine, salicylaldehyde derivatives with different substituents and nickel chloride hexahydrate as raw materials. Structure characterization, such as elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), confirmed that the structure of synthesized complexes was consistent with the theoretical. Salicylaldehyde imine nickel complexes exhibited good catalytic activity in ethylene oligomerization process, and complexes containing electron‐donating groups on the benzene ring had higher catalytic activity than complexes containing electron‐withdrawing groups on the benzene ring. With the increase of steric hindrance of phenol hydroxyl ortho‐substituents, the catalytic activity decreased, as well as the catalytic selectivity toward olefins with higher carbon number. The relationship between structure and catalytic properties was further studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the possible mechanism of nickel complexes catalyzing ethylene oligomerization was proposed.
Challenging collaborative archaeology: Remote sensing of African American burials in a majority‐White, rural town
Authors: González‐Tennant Edward , González‐Tennant Diana
Published: October 2023

Interest in documenting and preserving African American burial grounds is rapidly expanding across the United States of America. This work has wide support and numerous groups advocate for the creation of such projects. In majority‐White, rural communities, these projects can elicit strong reactions — positive and negative. This article discusses the challenges arising in such locations by reviewing a recent cemetery mapping and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey of the Cedar Key Cemetery located on the Gulf Coast of Florida. Numerous challenges, including concentrated attempts to halt the work, emerge over the duration of the project. In Cedar Key, years of transparent engagement between community members and archaeologists results in the emergence of a diverse stakeholder community supporting the project and guaranteeing its completion. Today, this group is mobilizing to document and commemorate similar places in nearby communities.
Utilizing Nanostructured Materials for Hydrogen Generation, Storage, and Diverse Applications
Authors: Saeed Mohsin , Marwani Hadi M. , Shahzad Umer , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hussain Ijaz , Rahman Mohammed M.
Published: October 2023

The rapid advancement of refined nanostructures and nanotechnologies offers significant potential to boost research activities in hydrogen storage. Recent innovations in hydrogen storage have centered on nanostructured materials, highlighting their effectiveness in molecular hydrogen storage, chemical storage, and as nanoconfined hydride supports. Emphasizing the importance of exploring ultra‐high‐surface‐area nanoporous materials and metals, we advocate for their mechanical stability, rigidity, and high hydride loading capacities to enhance hydrogen storage efficiency. Despite the evident benefits of nanostructured materials in hydrogen storage, we also address the existing challenges and future research directions in this domain. Recent progress in creating intricate nanostructures has had a notable positive impact on the field of hydrogen storage, particularly in the realm of storing molecular hydrogen, where these nanostructured materials are primarily utilized.
Insights into Circular Economy Potential of Lithium by System Dynamic Modelling of Material Streams
Authors: Lähdesmäki Seppo , Hanski Jyri , Huttunen‐Saarivirta Elina
Published: October 2023

Lithium is a key raw material for producing lithium‐ion batteries. This study applies system dynamics modelling to demonstrate the (1) global lithium demand in specific lithium applications from 2005 to 2050, (2) the adequacy of lithium reserves for future lithium demand, (3) lithium content of waste streams throughout lithium value chain and (4) potential of various circular strategies for answering to the rising lithium demand. According to the modelling results, the main lithium application is battery electric vehicle batteries (almost 60 % in 2023 to 80–90 % by 2050) with current battery chemistries. Without circular strategies, 75–85 % of lithium is wasted throughout the value chain. Circular strategies may reduce the waste considerably (7–47 %), but to maintain sustainable supply of lithium a stacking of multiple complementary circular strategies over the lithium value chain is required.
Cultivating sustainable consumption: The role of harmonious cultural values and pro‐environmental self‐identity
Authors: Zhao Anita Lifen , Dermody Janine , Koenig‐Lewis Nicole , Hanmer‐Lloyd Stuart
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the connections between harmonious cultural values, pro‐environmental self‐identity and consumers' sustainable consumption behaviours spanning acquisition, usage and disposal. It evaluates the relevance of Chinese cultural values that purport harmony between humans, nature and society that is, man‐nature orientation, and horizontal/vertical dimensions of individualism collectivism. The results from the online survey with 503 urbanised Chinese reveals these values disparately influence this consumption. Despite the limited direct behavioural effect of these harmonious values, pro‐environmental self‐identity plays an important role in mediating their indirect effects on the five behaviours. This paper therefore extends theorisation of the values‐identity‐behaviour relationship from a cultural‐values orientation perspective. It offers new insights to understand urbanised Chinese consumers sustainable consumption behaviours.
Creating NADP+‐Specific Formate Dehydrogenases from Komagataella phaffii by Enzymatic Engineering
Authors: Hu Liyuan , Liu Luyao , Zhan Chunjun , Liu Xiuxia , Liu Chunli , Li Ye , Bai Zhonghu , Yang Yankun
Published: October 2023

Most natural formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) exhibit NAD+ specificity, making it imperative to explore the engineering of FDH cofactor specificity for NADPH regeneration systems. The endogenous FDH of Komagataella phaffii (K. phaffii), termed KphFDH, is a typical NAD+‐specific FDH. However, investigations into engineering the cofactor specificity of KphFDH have yet to be conducted. To develop an NADP+‐specific variant of KphFDH, we selected D195, Y196, and Q197 as mutation sites and generated twenty site‐directed variants. Through kinetic characterization, KphFDH/V19 (D195Q/Y196R/Q197H) was identified as the variant with the highest specificity towards NADP+, with a ratio of catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM)NADP+/(kcat/KM)NAD+ of 129.226. Studies of enzymatic properties revealed that the optimal temperature and pH for the reduction reaction of NADP+ catalyzed by KphFDH/V19 were 45 °C and 7.5, respectively. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to elucidate the mechanism of high catalytic activity of KphFDH/V19 towards NADP+. Finally, KphFDH/V19 was applied to an in vitro NADPH regeneration system with Meso‐diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StDAPDH/H227V). This study successfully created a KphFDH variant with high NADP+ specificity and demonstrated its practical applicability in an in vitro NADPH regeneration system.
Effects of Heteroatom Doping and Physicochemical Character on the Electrochemical Properties of Graphene Sheets
Authors: Doğan Muhammed Zahid , Gökcen Dinçer , Bayram Cem
Published: October 2023

Graphene attracted great interest in the electrochemical applications due to its stability and extremely high surface area‐to‐mass ratio. Wet chemical and electrochemical synthesis allow affordable and single to multilayer graphenes with functional groups that contribute to surface accessibility, and electrolyte diffusion. These materials also have faradaic and pseudocapacitive reaction sites which enhance the electrochemical performance while altering their capacitive nature based on reaction type and density of these sites. Therefore, heteroatom doping of graphene has been studied widely, and various outcomes, some of which have been controversial, were reported. In this study, we investigated the doping modification with multiple samples and also conduct a detailed physicochemical characterization. Oxidation‐reduction and electrochemical exfoliation methods were utilized to synthesize pristine, nitrogen‐doped, and phosphorus‐doped reduced graphene oxide as well as the phosphorus‐doped and pristine electrochemically exfoliated graphene materials. Samples have been characterized in terms of doping level, particle size, number of layers, defect density, and exfoliation homogeneity. Electrochemical measurements showed that surface wrinkling property among similarly large rGO particles (~9x) and small lateral particle size (~2x) of graphenes are effective in determination of specific capacitance (Cspecific) and capacitive characteristic of samples while heteroatom doping doesn't produce any significant change on these properties.
The forbidden region for random zeros: Appearance of quadrature domains
Authors: Nishry Alon , Wennman Aron
Published: October 2023

Our main discovery is a surprising interplay between quadrature domains on the one hand, and the zeros of the Gaussian Entire Function (GEF) on the other. Specifically, consider the GEF conditioned on the rarehole eventthat there are no zeros in a given large Jordan domain. We show that in the natural scaling limit, a quadrature domain enclosing the hole emerges as aforbidden region, where the zero density vanishes. Moreover, we give a description of the class of holes for which the forbidden region is a disk. The connecting link between random zeros and potential theory is supplied by a constrained extremal problem for the Zeitouni‐Zelditch functional. To solve this problem, we recast it in terms of a seemingly novel obstacle problem, where the solution is forced to be harmonic inside the hole.
Regulation of Calcite Morphology by Low‐Molecular‐Weight Organic Acids: Alcohol Hydroxyl and Carboxyl Matters
Authors: Lu Qiaoli , Li Meng , Zhang Lin , Gan Chunfang
Published: October 2023

Replicating the key structural feature of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by biomolecules provides unique inspiration for synthesis of CaCO3 suitable for industry application. The biomolecule‐based morphological strategies generally contain the strong interaction between crystal and functional groups, such as carboxyl group and alcohol hydroxyl group. Here, a comparative study of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (OAs) with structural similarity on calcite crystallization is presented. The morphological evolution of calcite from rhombohedron to ellipsoid is observed, needle‐like or dumbbell‐like in the presence of monohydroxy OAs of lactic acid, malic acid, or citric acid, suggesting carboxyl group shows more remarkable effect on the morphologies of calcite than that of Li+. The strong adsorption behavior of carboxyl group on calcite can decrease the crystallinity with increased number of carboxyl groups. In contrast, the dicarboxylic OA of tartaric acid showed stronger effects on the phase transition process from vaterite to calcite than that of succinic acid and monohydroxy OAs. These findings will aid in synthesizing CaCO3 with specific morphology and polymorph by biochemical methods and are of great significance to the industrial application of CaCO3.
Unravelling the role of immune cells and FN1 in the recurrence and therapeutic process of skull base chordoma
Authors: Huo Xulei , Ma Sihan , Wang Can , Song Lairong , Yao Bohan , Zhu Sipeng , Li Peiran , Wang Liang , Wu Zhen , Wang Ke
Published: October 2023

Background

Skull base chordoma is a rare and aggressive tumour of the bone that has a high likelihood of recurrence. The fundamental differences in single cells between primary and recurrent lesions remain poorly understood, impeding development of effective treatment approaches.

Methods

To obtain an understanding of the differences in single cells between primary and recurrent chordomas, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing and T‐cell/B‐cell receptor (BCR) sequencing. This allowed us to delineate the differences between the two types of tumour cells, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts and B cells. Copy number variants (CNVs) were detected and compared between the tumour types to assess heterogeneity. Selected samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry to validate protein expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation experiments, Transwell assays and xenograft mouse models helped verify the role of fibronectin 1 (FN1) in chordoma.

Results

Promoting natural killer (NK) cell and CD8_GZMK T‐cell function or inhibiting the transformation of CD8_GZMK T cells to CD8_ZNF683 T cells and promoting the transformation of natural killer T (NKT) cells to NK cells are promising strategies for preventing chordoma recurrence. Additionally, inhibiting the M2‐like activity of tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) could be an effective approach. Antigen‐presenting cancer‐associated fibroblasts (apCAFs) and dendritic cells (DCs) with high enrichment of the antigen‐presenting signature were enriched in primary chordomas. There were fewer plasma cells and BCR clonotypes in recurrent chordomas. Remarkably, FN1 was upregulated, had more CNVs, and was more highly secreted by tumours, macrophages, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and fibroblasts in recurrent chordoma than in primary chordoma. Finally, FN1 enhanced the invasion and proliferation of chordomas in vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion

Our comprehensive picture of the microenvironment of primary and recurrent chordomas provides deep insights into the mechanisms of chordoma recurrence. FN1 is an important target for chordoma therapy.
Stakeholder Reflections on Implementing the National Institutes of Health's Policy on Single Institutional Review Boards
Authors: Corneli Amy , McKenna Kevin , Hanlen‐Rosado Emily , Calvert Sara B. , Mah Eric , Rosenfeld Stephen J.
Published: October 2023

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) requires use of a single institutional review board (sIRB) for multisite, nonexempt, NIH‐funded research with human participants. The Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI) conducted in‐depth interviews with 34 stakeholders at two universities and in research administration leadership positions at multiple institutions about their experiences implementing the sIRB model, focusing on the NIH policy's goals soon after the policy was enacted. While some stakeholders suggested that using an sIRB has streamlined and reduced inefficiencies associated with the local IRB model, more stakeholders indicated that the sIRB model has not simplified the ethics review process and instead created new inefficiencies due to unclear roles and responsibilities for staff and institutions; a lack of systems and processes for implementing the sIRB model, including communication systems; and increased workloads. CTTI used these findings to propose a new framework for evaluating the NIH sIRB policy.
Top‐down versus bottom‐up: Grazing and upwelling regime alter patterns of primary productivity in a warm‐temperate system
Authors: Gilson Abby R. , McQuaid Christopher
Published: October 2023

Community structure is driven by the interaction of physical processes and biological interactions that can vary across environmental gradients and the strength of top‐down control is expected to vary along gradients of primary productivity. In coastal marine systems, upwelling drives regional resource availability through the bottom‐up effect of nutrient subsidies. This alters rates of primary production and is expected to alter algae–herbivore interactions in rocky intertidal habitats. Despite the potential for upwelling to alter these interactions, the interaction of upwelling and grazing pressure is poorly understood, particularly for warm‐temperate systems. Using in situ herbivore exclusion experiments replicated across multiple upwelling regimes, we investigated the effects of both grazing pressure, upwelling, and their interactions on the sessile invertebrate community and biomass of macroalgal communities in a warm‐temperate system. The sessile invertebrate cover showed indirect effects of grazing, being consistently low where algal biomass was high at upwelling sites and at nonupwelling sites when grazers were excluded. The macroalgal cover was greater at upwelling sites when grazers were excluded and there was a strong effect of succession throughout the experimental period. Grazing effects were greater at upwelling sites, particularly during winter months. There was a nonsignificant trend toward greater grazing pressure on early than later successional stages. Our results show that the positive bottom‐up effects of nutrient supply on algal production do not overwhelm top‐down control in this warm‐temperate system but do have knock‐on consequences for invertebrates that compete with macroalgae for space. We speculate that global increases in air and sea surface temperatures in warm‐temperate systems will promote top‐down effects in upwelling regions by increasing herbivore metabolic and growth rates.
Pharmacological, nutraceutical, and nutritional properties of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): An insight into its functionality and disease mitigation
Authors: Noreen Sana , Tufail Tabussam , Ul Ain Huma Bader , Awuchi Chinaza Godswill
Published: October 2023

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is derived from the flax plant, an annual herb. The primary relevance of flaxseed is in the human nutrition sector, where it is emerging as a significant functional food component due to its high level of active chemicals, which have been linked to health benefits. Flaxseed may be consumed in numerous forms, including milled, oil, and bakery items. The phytochemicals that are present in flaxseed have greatly drawn interest as bioactive molecules beneficial for health. It is naturally enriched with alpha‐linolenic acid, omega‐3 fatty acid, lignin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, and fiber which are physiologically active in the protection of some chronic illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular stroke. Furthermore, the benefits of flaxseed eating have been demonstrated in the animal nutrition industry, resulting in healthier food from animal origin. In reality, the fatty acid profile of meat and fat in swine and poultry is directly impacted by the source of fat in the diet. Feeding omega‐3‐enriched diets with flaxseed will improve the omega‐3 content in eggs and meat, enriching the products. The current study focuses on the latest evidence on the chemical makeup of flaxseed and its positive benefits.
Association of dietary patterns of pregnant women with pregnancy outcomes: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Ghorbani‐Kafteroodi Sahar , Ghiasvand Maryam , Saghafi‐Asl Maryam , Kazemi Aski Soudabeh
Published: October 2023

Diet is one of the main factors influencing pregnancy outcomes. Maternal and child health both seem to be related to dietary patterns. So far, no study on dietary pattern has been performed on pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes in Rasht. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and pregnancy outcomes in Rasht. In this cross‐sectional study, 300 healthy pregnant women were included from three public hospitals in Rasht. Data on demographic, dietary intake, physical activity (PA), and anthropometric measurements of mothers were recorded. Outcomes of newborns were also gathered. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. General linear model was used for data analysis. Prior to pregnancy, only 40% of women had a normal body mass index (BMI). More than half of them (52.3%) had a gestational weight gain in excess of the guidelines. The dominant dietary patterns among pregnant women were traditional, Western, and healthy, respectively. High adherence to the Western pattern had a direct association with gestational weight gain (B = 1.48, p = .046) and inverse association with birth length (B = −0.71, p = .043). However, the results did not remain significant after adjusting for covariates. The present study indicated that several factors can affect the association of the Western diet with pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, making policies for interventional programs to improve maternal lifestyle factors along with their diet quality is recommended.
Ore genesis of the Mengya'a distal Pb–Zn deposit in the Lhasa terrane, Tibet, China: Constraints from in situ garnet U–Pb dating and C–H–O–Sr isotopes
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Bin , Chen Si , Peng Yi‐Wei , Li Chen‐Wei
Published: October 2023

A large amount of distal skarn Pb–Zn deposits without any causative intrusions exposed have been discovered along the eastern Nyainqêntanglha metallogenic belt (NMB) in the Gangdese region, Tibet, China. As a typical distal skarn Pb–Zn deposit in the east of NMB, the Mengya'a deposit is adjacent to the Longmala Pb–Zn ± Cu ± Fe deposit. However, the linkage between these two deposits is not unclear due to the chaotic dating results. In situ Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb dating of reddish‐brown and yellow‐green garnet from Mengya'a yielded lower intersect ages of 53.6 ± 3.1 and 52.4 ± 4.4 Ma, respectively, indicating that Pb–Zn mineralization took place during the main collision stage of the India–Asia plates. The δDSMOW values of garnet, quartz and calcite vary from −148.4‰ to −140.4‰, −123.5‰ to −115.3‰ and −127.9‰ to −121.3‰, with the δ18OH2O values ranging from 5.8‰ to 6.6‰, 0.4‰ to 3.7‰ and 1.0‰ to 1.7‰, respectively. The δ13CV‐PDB and δ18OSMOW values of calcite range from −8.2‰ to −4.7‰ and 9.8‰ to 18.6‰, respectively. These C–H–O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal minerals indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were initially derived from the magmatic water with progressive input of meteoric water from the prograde stage to the retrograde stage. The 87Sr/86Sr(53 Ma) ratios of sphalerite (0.72321–0.73474) are consistent with those of Ando gneiss in the Lhasa‐Golmud area, indicating that the basement gneiss makes a great contribution for the source of ore‐forming materials. The newly obtained garnet U–Pb ages at Mengya'a are consistent with those of mineralization and causative intrusion in the Longmala Pb–Zn ± Fe ± Cu deposit, suggesting that the Mengya'a and Longmala deposits constitute an integrated distal skarn‐type system. This proposed hypothesis suggests that the Fe–Cu ± Pb ± Zn mineralization within the contact zone should focus on the locations beneath the identified Pb–Zn orebodies at Longmala and Pb‐21 orebody at Mengya'a.
Work conditions of interstate migrant workers in India: A critical realist exploration
Authors: Hirudayaraj Malar , Barhate Bhagyashree , McLean Gary N.
Published: October 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic and the consequent lockdowns were flashpoints that exposed the vulnerabilities of low‐skilled interstate migrants that have persisted for years across the globe and demanded a critical examination of their work experiences and conditions. Unlike migrants who cross national borders for employment and economic reasons, internal migrants migrate within the country in search of better livelihood options. However, while the problems of low‐skilled immigrants who cross national borders attract research attention, the experiences of internal migrants have not been adequately researched. Using critical realism as a framework, we investigated the precarious working conditions of one of India's most vulnerable groups of workers—interstate migrant workers. Our findings showed that, despite short‐term positive outcomes, interstate migration does not guarantee freedom from poverty, precarity, or powerlessness. The conspicuous absence of formal opportunities to develop their potential reiterates their status as a marginalized, forgotten, and exploited group of workers, also neglected by human resource development (HRD) researchers. HRD has a critical role to play in the short term by providing skill training and in the long term by advocating for policy changes to ensure the well‐being and empowerment of migrant workers.
Inhibition of voltage‐dependent K+ channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells by the atypical antipsychotic agent sertindole
Authors: Zhuang Wenwen , Mun Seo‐Yeong , Park Minju , Jeong Junsu , Kim Hye Ryung , Na Sunghun , Lee Se Jin , Park Hongzoo , Park Won Sun
Published: October 2023

The regulation of membrane potential and the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) potassium channels are well‐established. In this study, native VSMCs from rabbit coronary arteries were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of sertindole, an atypical antipsychotic agent, on Kv channels. Sertindole induced dose‐dependent inhibition of Kv channels, with an IC50 of 3.13 ± 0.72 μM. Although sertindole did not cause a change in the steady‐state activation curve, it did lead to a negative shift in the steady‐state inactivation curve. The application of 1‐ or 2‐Hz train pulses failed to alter the sertindole‐induced inhibition of Kv channels, suggesting use‐independent effects of the drug. The inhibitory response to sertindole was significantly diminished by pretreatment with a Kv1.5 inhibitor but not by Kv2.1 and Kv7 subtype inhibitors. These findings demonstrate the sertindole dose‐dependent and use‐independent inhibition of vascular Kv channels (mainly the Kv1.5 subtype) through a mechanism that involves altering steady‐state inactivation curves. Therefore, the use of sertindole as an antipsychotic drug may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.
Determinants of appointment nonattendance among outpatients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Nilausen Britt , Gerber Anne‐Liv , Holgersen Nikolaj , Nielsen Valdemar W. , Ring Hans C. , Thomsen Simon F.
Published: October 2023

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with several comorbidities and significant impairment of quality of life. Moderate to severe HS patients have often prolonged treatment courses at various hospitals. We investigated various factors that may be related to missed follow‐up visits during prolonged treatment courses among HS outpatients.

Objectives

To highlight potential predictors for appointment absenteeism among HS patients.

Methods

During a 12‐month period at a university hospital dermatology outpatient clinic, absenteeism and related factors were obtained for each visit at the hospital.

Results

Out of 161 unique follow‐up visits during a 12‐month period at a university hospital dermatology outpatient clinic, 37 patients (23.0%) were absentees. Patients with non‐attendance were more likely to be males (p = 0.02). Patients who were on biologic treatment for HS were less likely to miss appointments (p = 0.06).

Conclusions

Our study showed that almost one in four hospital outpatients with HS fail to show up for their scheduled appointments. The data suggest an increased awareness of high risk of missed follow‐up visits during treatment of HS patients.
High‐Efficiency Electro‐Optic Modulator on Thin‐Film Lithium Niobate with High‐Permittivity Cladding
Authors: Chen Nuo , Lou Kangping , Yu Yalong , He Xuanjian , Chu Tao
Published: October 2023

Thin‐film lithium niobate is a promising platform owing to its large electro‐optic (EO) coefficients and low propagation loss. However, the large footprints of devices limit their application in large‐scale integrated optical systems. A crucial challenge is how to maintain the performance advantage given the design space restrictions in this situation. This work proposes and demonstrates a high‐efficiency lithium niobate EO modulator with high‐permittivity cladding to improve the electric field strength in waveguides and its overlap with optical fields while maintaining low optical loss and broad bandwidth. The proposed modulator exhibits considerable improvement, featuring a low half‐wave voltage–length product of 1.41 V∙cm, a low excess loss of ≈0.5 dB, and a broad 3 dB EO bandwidth of >67 GHz. Among all the Mach‐Zehnder interferometer modulators reported thus far, the proposed modulator demonstrates notably high modulation efficiency while maintaining excellent high‐frequency performance. The design scheme of using high‐permittivity cladding may provide a promising solution for improving the integration of photonic devices on the thin‐film lithium niobate platform, and these devices may serve as fundamental components in large‐scale photonic integrated circuits in the future.
Crystalline–Amorphous Heterojunction for a Metal Halides Single Crystals X‐Ray Detector with Substantially Increased Sensitivity
Authors: Xu Youkui , Li ZhenHua , Yu Tengfei , Peng Guoqiang , Lei Yutian , Chen Huanyu , Wu Yujiang , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen
Published: October 2023

Ion migration‐induced noise is the main limiting factor for metal halides (MHs) single crystals (SCs) X‐ray detectors, and heterostructure design is the most efficient method to overcome this puzzle. However, the conventional stepwise solution method or heteroepitaxial method is greatly limited by the SCs secondary dissolution and the lattice parameters matching. Here, simple and universal crystalline–amorphous heterojunction is developed that proves to be extremely effective in suppressing noise. MAPbBr3 SCs are first chosen as representatives to form heterojunctions with amorphous MTP2MnBr4 by the melting method, and the related device shows an enhanced X‐ray response with significant noise suppression. Computational and experimental results demonstrate that the gradient energy levels formation and improved ion migration energy are responsible for this. Finally, the optimized device shows a low dark current (reduced from ≈1000 to ≈0.12 nA), ultra‐high sensitivity (10 569 µC Gyair−1 cm−2), lower detection limit (82.64 nGyair s−1), and negligible performance deterioration at a total radiation dose of ≈17 000 mGyair. Moreover, six other SCs are selected to verify the universal effect of the heterojunctions, all of which show excellent improved sensitivity, proving its versatility. Hence, it is believed that this work will give a strong impetus to develop sensitive MHs SCs X‐ray detectors.
Prognosis of children and young adults with newly diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to bone marrow treated on Children's Oncology Group studies
Authors: Schloemer Nathan J. , Xue Wei , Qumseya Amira , Luo Leo Y. , Hiniker Susan M. , Lautz Timothy B. , Rhee Daniel S. , Arnold Michael A. , Venkatramani Rajkumar
Published: October 2023

Background

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Metastatic disease occurs in 16% of all RMS cases and has a poor prognosis. There are limited studies examining the outcomes specific to patients with RMS metastatic to bone marrow despite an incidence of 6% at diagnosis. Our study aims to document the outcomes, prognostic factors, and clinical courses of children presenting with RMS metastatic to bone marrow treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) cooperative trials.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients diagnosed with RMS metastatic to bone marrow between 1997 and 2013 enrolled on one of four COG RMS clinical trials of D9802, D9803, ARST0431, and ARST08P1.

Results

We identified 179 cases with RMS metastatic to bone marrow. Patients had a median age of 14.8 years, 58% were male, predominantly alveolar histology (76%), extremity was the most common primary site (32%), and 87% had metastatic disease to additional sites; 83% (n = 149) received radiation as a treatment modality. The 3‐ and 5‐year event‐free survival was 9.4% and 8.2%, respectively. The 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival was 26.1% and 12.6%, respectively. Age ≥10 years, alveolar histology, FOXO1 fusion presence, unfavorable primary location, higher Oberlin score, and lack of radiation were identified as poor prognostic/predictive characteristics.

Conclusions

This study represents the largest analysis of RMS metastatic to bone marrow, defining the poor prognostic outcome for these patients. These patients may be eligible for therapy deintensification or early pursuit of novel treatments/approaches that are desperately needed.
Maxwell–Wagner Polarization and Mixed Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic State in Eu2CoMnO6
Authors: Alam Mohd , Kumar Dheeraj , Kumar Shiv , Sawada Masahiro , Shimada Kenya , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: October 2023

Herein, the electrical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Eu2CoMnO6 are explored. More specifically, based on transport, dielectric, and impedance measurements, a thermally activated dielectric polarization near room temperature is reported. The valence states of transition metals in the Eu2CoMnO6 sample are studied by measuring the X‐ray absorption spectra at both Co‐L2,3 and Mn‐L2,3 edges. Moreover, based on magnetization, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, the coexistence of competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases is probed. Dielectric measurement shows a large dielectric constant near room temperature along with a large frequency dispersion. The temperature‐dependent resistivity, Cole–Cole plot, and imaginary part of impedance confirm the semiconducting nature of Eu2CoMnO6. Temperature‐dependent magnetization shows a second‐order magnetic transition below 125 K. Isothermal magnetization versus magnetic field loop shows first‐order metamagnetic transition, driven by mixed magnetic state owing to the presence of antisite disorder and antiphase boundary.
Coherent manipulation of intensity interrogation of sensitivity of the surface plasmon polariton waves at the dielectric and silver metal interface
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Khan Muhammad Munaim , Bacha Bakht Amin , Khesro Amir
Published: October 2023

In this manuscript, Intensity interrogation of sensitivity of the surface plasmon polariton waves (SPPs) is coherently manipulated, at the interface of four‐level dielectric medium and silver metal using prism geometry. Sensitivity of SPPs with respect to refractive index is written as . A useful control in sensitivity is reported with probe and control fields detuning, Rabi frequency and decay rate. Sensitivity is a function of probe field detuning and control field Rabi frequency. The maximum sensitivity is reported to with probe field detuning and control field Rabi frequency, while minimum sensitivity is investigated to with control field phase and control field Rabi frequency. The sensitivity in this manuscript shows useful application in biosensor and photovoltaic devices.
Moral injury and substance use among United States healthcare workers
Authors: Campbell Benjamin M. , Knipp Michael A. , Anwar Sinan S. , Hoopsick Rachel A.
Published: October 2023

Moral injury (i.e., perpetrating, witnessing, failing to prevent, or being a victim of acts that transgress one's moral beliefs, values, or ethics) has largely been studied in military‐connected populations and is associated with a range of adverse psychological sequelae. Emerging literature suggests that healthcare workers also experience moral injury, particularly in the context of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. However, it is not known if moral injury contributes to substance use among healthcare workers or whether these effects might differ by gender, race/ethnicity, or occupational level. In March 2022, we collected self‐reported pilot data from a diverse sample of US healthcare workers (N = 200) We examined the cross‐sectional relationships between moral injury and several measures of substance use (i.e., current non‐medical use of prescription drugs [NMUPD], current cannabis use, current use of other illicit drugs, and hazardous drinking) using separate logistic regression models. Next, we used separate interaction models to examine if any of these relations differed by gender, race/ethnicity, or occupational level. In main effects models, healthcare workers reporting greater moral injury had greater odds of current NMUPD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07; p < 0.001), current use of other illicit drugs (aOR = 1.09; p < 0.01), and hazardous drinking (aOR = 1.07; p < 0.01). These relations did not differ by race/ethnicity or occupational level (ps > 0.05); however, men were more likely to report current NMUPD and hazardous drinking (ps < 0.05) in the presence of high moral injury than women healthcare workers. Our findings suggest that healthcare workers experience substantial distress related to morally injurious events, which may affect their likelihood of NMUPD, cannabis use, use of other illicit drugs, and hazardous drinking, and that men in healthcare may be particularly at risk. Healthcare organizations should address systemic issues driving moral injury (e.g., resource shortages, lack of psychosocial support) to prevent substance‐related harms among healthcare workers.
Quantification and Analysis of Niobium Carbide Precipitation in Cold‐Rolled High‐Strength Low‐Alloy Steel during Annealing Process
Authors: An Jeong Hun , Lee Changgeun , Shin Sang Hun , Son Ji Hee , Na Kwang Su
Published: October 2023

High‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels are widely used to their excellent mechanical properties. Despite this, the precipitation process occurring during annealing after cold rolling has not been extensively studied. Herein, the precipitation of niobium carbide (NbC) is examined during both hot‐rolling and annealing processes. Field emission transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy are employed for the analyses, with a particular focus on using the residual electrochemical extraction method for quantification. The NbC precipitates formed during hot rolling and annealing are individually assessed. The findings indicate that new NbC precipitates form during annealing process after cold rolling, and these precipitates are smaller than those formed during hot rolling. This study offers valuable insights into the precipitation process of NbC in cold‐rolled HSLA steel and has implications for the development of improved steel processing techniques.
Blockchain technology applications in retail branding: Insights from retailers in the developing world
Authors: Hoang Long Cuu , Do Mai Hoang Thi , Quang Huy Truong , Hoang Thu Hang
Published: October 2023

The research on blockchain use cases is becoming critical across all disciplines as this technology is expected to transform business processes and their individual operations. However, there is a scarcity of empirical research that focuses on the implication of blockchain applications in retailing and retailers in developing countries. Thus, there are three main aims of our research; first, we explore both the drivers and the barriers for the retailers in developing countries in adopting blockchain technology. Second, we attempt to explore the impacts on the retailers of blockchain technology adoption on their retail brand communication and customer experience. Finally, we examine whether the application of blockchain technology by retailers in developing countries can help to advance the retail brand‐customer relationship. The data in this study are collected from 21 semistructured interviews with senior managers, and 3 focus groups with 21 customers from 4 case retailers. Our research is among the first attempts to explore the blockchain technology adoption empirically, and its implications by retailers in developing countries.
Gall bladder agenesis in a crossbreed dog
Authors: Vitullo Ignacio , Bobis‐Villagrá Diego , Veiga‐Parga Tamara , Vilaseca Carla , Tárrega Ares Burballa
Published: October 2023

A 17‐month‐old, male, crossbreed dog was presented with anorexia and vomiting. Biochemistry revealed a severe increase of liver parameters with unremarkable haematology results. Abdominal ultrasound showed microhepatia and absence of gall bladder. Laparoscopic exploration and computed tomography scan confirmed the ultrasound findings. Histopathology of the liver showed multiple changes compatible with a possible ductal plate malformation. One and a half months after the discharge being on a low‐fat diet, S‐adenosylmethionine and antiemetics blood work showed a decrease in alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidases. Nevertheless, the patient continued vomiting intermittently despite the treatment.
Defining Kernels
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 10 explores various ways to define kernels in detail, helping us choose the most natural kernel form for our C++ coding needs. It compares kernels defined as lambda expressions, as named function objects, and via interoperability with other APIs.
Programming for GPUs
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 15 describes considerations to keep in mind when targeting GPUs using C++ with SYCL. It explains how a typical GPU works, how GPU software and hardware execute a SYCL application, and tips and techniques to keep in mind when writing and optimizing parallel kernels for a GPU.
Error Handling
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 5 discusses how SYCL extends C++ to manage error handling when using accelerators. Understanding the difference between synchronous and asynchronous SYCL exceptions and how to handle them is critical to writing production applications and libraries.
Scheduling Kernels and Data Movement
Authors: Reinders James , Ashbaugh Ben , Brodman James , Kinsner Michael , Pennycook John , Tian Xinmin
Published: October 2023

Chapter 8 describes how the SYCL runtime builds a graph of command groups and dependencies to orchestrate the parallel execution of our application. Understanding the behavior of these graphs is key to understanding when kernels execute and how to keep devices busy.
Taxonomy and Evolution of the Tribe Triticeae Dumort
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

The chapter describes the genera of the tribe Triticeae of the grass family, their taxonomy, geographical distribution, time of origin, phylogenetic relationships between the perennial diploid species, and genome analyses of the polyploid species. In addition, steps in the development of the tribe as well as the main evolutionary trends of its genera, are reviewed.
Orphan Genera of the Subtribe Triticineae Simmonds
Authors: Feldman Moshe , Levy Avraham A.
Published: October 2023

The chapter deals with the genera of the subtribe Triticineae that received a reduced amount of attention in the scientific literature. Herein are presented the morphology, geographical distribution, cytogenetics, and evolution of several diploidElymusspecies having the St and E genomes,Agropyron,Eremopyrum,Henrardia, Dasypyrum,Heteranthelium, Taeniatherum,andCrithopsis. In addition, phylogenetic relationships between these genera a well as between each of them and species of the wheat group (Amblyopyrum,AegilopsandTriticum), are described.
Internal Tides Energy Transfers and Interactions with the Mesoscale Circulation in Two Contrasted Areas of the North Atlantic
Authors: Bella Adrien , Lahaye Noé , Tissot Gilles
Published: October 2023

The energy budget of the internal tide and its life cycle is investigated with a high resolution numerical simulation and a vertical normal mode decomposition. Two areas of interest are considered: the Azores Islands over the mid Atlantic ridge and the Gulf Stream offshore the North of the US East coast shelf break. Low mode (1 and 2) internal tides are found to propagate from 100 km (mode 2) to 1000 km (mode 1) away from their generation sites. Waves loose a significant portion of their energy as they propagate through the Gulf Stream, in contrast to the Azores domain. In the Gulf Stream domain, the mesoscale circulation is responsible for energy transfers from low to high modes internal tides, while the topographic scattering is dominant in the Azores area. This transfer of energy toward high modes favours energy dissipation. The mesoscale is significant in the energy budget of modes higher than mode 1 for both domains, and for all baroclinic modes in the Gulf Stream area. The internal tide is found to extract or loose energy toward the mesoscale circulation, but this accounts for less than 14%, of the energy scattered from low internal tide modes to higher ones once summed over all contributions of the modal energy budget.
Dear Bâbâjân
Authors: Khajeh Sadaf
Published: October 2023

This is a love letter to Bâbâjân, my paternal grandfather, who I hardly knew but feel I know very well through family stories. In my letter to Babajan I write about my love and longing for the hometown we both shared, my sensory memories of him and of my country, as well as the loss I feel for a home and a future I feel I no longer belong to.