bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Brazil on global grain dynamics: A study on cross‐market volatility spillovers
Authors: Avileis Felipe G. , Mallory Mindy L.
Published: January 2022

Brazil's rise as a global powerhouse producer of soybeans and corn over the past 15 years has fundamentally changed global markets in these commodities. Brazil's rise is arguably due to the development of varieties of soybean and corn adapted to climates within Brazil, allowing farmers to double‐crop corn after soybeans in the same year. Corn and soybean market participants increasingly look to Brazil for fundamental price information, and studies have shown that the two markets have become cointegrated. However little is known about how much volatility from each market spills over to the other. In this article, we measure volatility spillover ratios between U.S. and Brazilian first crop corn, second‐crop corn, and soybeans. We find that linkages between the two countries increased after double‐cropping corn after soybeans expanded, volatility spillover magnitudes expanded, and the direction of volatility spillovers flipped from U.S. volatility spilling over to Brazil before double cropping, to Brazil spilling over to U.S. after double cropping.
Impact of the evolution in RAS mutation analysis in Australian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Chong Chia Yuen , Jalali Azim , Wong Hui Li , Loft Matthew , Wong Rachel , Lee Margaret , Gately Lucy , Hong Wei , Shapiro Jeremy , Kosmider Suzanne , Tie Jeannie , Ananda Sumitra , Yeung Justin M , Ma Brigette , Burge Matthew , Jennens Ross , Tran Ben , Lee Belinda , Lim Lionel , Dean Andrew , Nott Louise , Gibbs Peter
Published: January 2022

Background

RAS mutation testing now routinely informs the optimal management of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), specifically the finding of a RAS mutation defines patients who will not benefit from treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. Over time more RAS genes have been tested and more sensitive techniques used.

Aims

To review routine care RAS testing and results over time.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the molecular data collected prospectively in the multi‐site Treatment of Recurrent and Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TRACC) registry from 2009 to 2018 was undertaken. Patients with RAS data were further analyzed. In parallel, the RAS mutation status of patients enrolled in the Test Tailor Treat (TTT) program was examined for 2011–2018.

Results

Of 2908 patients in the TRACC registry, 1892 (65%) were tested, with 898 (47%) of tested patients found to be RAS mutant (RASmt). RAS data were available for 5935 TTT patients. Of the tested TRACC patients diagnosed in 2009 and 2010, 38% were RASmt. For each 2‐year period from 2011/2012 through to 2017/2018, the prevalence of RASmt in TRACC and TTT was 42% and 40% (2011/2012), 52% and 40% (2013/2014), 47% and 49% (2015/2016), and 47% and 49% (2017/2018).

Conclusions

Based on both TRACC and TTT data, the proportion of patients reported to have a RAS mutation increased from 2009 to 2015 but has remained relatively stable in recent years. The increased proportion of RASmt patients observed over time is likely largely driven by the uptake of extended RAS testing.
Immunoglobulin E response in health and disease beyond allergic disorders
Authors: Colas Luc , Magnan Antoine , Brouard Sophie
Published: January 2022

Immunoglobulin E is the latest discovered of immunoglobulin family and has been long associated with anaphylaxis and worm expulsion. Immunoglobulin E, along with mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils, is also a hallmark of type 2 immunity which is dysregulated in numerous diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis in addition to anaphylaxis as aforementioned. However, recent advances have shed light on IgE regulation and memory explaining the low level of free IgE, the scarcity of IgE plasma cells that are mainly short live and the absence of IgE memory B cells in homeostatic conditions. Furthermore, IgE was implicated in inflammatory conditions beyond allergic disorders where IgE‐mediated facilitated antigen presentation can enhance cellular and humoral response against autoantigens in systemic lupus or chronic urticaria leading to more severe disease and even against neoantigen facilitating tumor cell lysis. At last, IgE was unexpectedly associated with allograft rejection or atheromatous cardiovascular diseases where precise mechanisms remain to be deciphered. The purpose of this review is to summarize these recent advances in IgE regulation, biology, and physiopathology beyond allergic diseases opening whole new fields of IgE biology to explore.
Analyzing asymmetries and praxis in aDNA research: A bioanthropological critique
Authors: Argüelles Juan Manuel , Fuentes Agustín , Yáñez Bernardo
Published: January 2022

Recent developments in molecular‐biology‐oriented studies regarding ancient DNA (aDNA) from human remains have brought into the contemporary discussions within archaeologists, bioanthropologists, and geneticists a set of disputes, tensions, and collaborations that need to be analyzed in practical and epistemological terms. We emphasize the relevance that techno‐scientific collaborations have in this context focused mainly on human evolution and the peopling of the world. These international academic collaborations constitute an ecology in which aDNA studies are currently being worked out. An ecosystem that reproduces the geo‐political‐economic asymmetries within science, and more specifically in aDNA research, which in turn opens the possibility for thinking from an ethical and epistemological perspective about the economic and power differentials and imbalances of these asymmetric relationships. We argue for building a critical conceptual tool kit in order to tackle the problematics emerging from such investigations. We propose and define three core concepts: academic sovereignty, sustainability, and intermediary. Additionally, we offer the term academic vulnerability as a consequence of cultural vulnerability. The frame we offer here provides a structure to interrogate the dynamics of vulnerabilities in the current context of scientific praxis within aDNA research and illustrate the interplay between hegemonic science and the heritage of developing countries.
Kangaroo mother care had a protective effect on the volume of brain structures in young adults born preterm
Authors: Charpak Nathalie , Tessier Rejean , Ruiz Juan Gabriel , Uriza Felipe , Hernandez José Tiberio , Cortes Darwin , Montealegre‐Pomar Adriana
Published: January 2022

Aim

The protective effects of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants are well established, but we do not know whether the benefits persist beyond infancy. Our aim was to determine whether providing KMC in infancy affected brain volumes in young adulthood.

Method

Standardised cognitive, memory and motor skills tests were used to determine the brain volumes of 20‐year‐old adults who had formed part of a randomised controlled trial of KMC versus incubator care. Multivariate analysis of brain volumes was conducted according to KMC exposure.

Results

The study comprised 178 adults born preterm: 97 had received KMC and 81 were incubator care controls. Bivariate analysis showed larger volumes of total grey matter, basal nuclei and cerebellum in those who had received KMC, and the white matter was better organised. This means that the volumes of the main brain structures associated with intelligence, attention, memory and coordination were larger in the KMC group. Multivariate lineal regression analysis demonstrated the direct relationship between brain volumes and duration of KMC, after controlling for potential confounders.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of KMC for preterm infants persisted beyond childhood and improved their lifetime functionality and quality of life.
Emulation and technological adaptation in late 18th‐century cloisonné‐style Chinese painted enamels
Authors: Norris Dana , Braekmans Dennis , Shortland Andrew
Published: January 2022

Cloisonné‐style motifs are rare and enigmatic in Chinese painted enamels because of their distinct technological development at the end of the 18th century. Five late Qianlong to Jiaqing period (1736–1820) Chinese painted enamels with cloisonné‐style motifs are investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Back‐scattered electron images and elemental analysis are combined to study the decorative enamelled surface. The compositions of the layers within the enamel, that of the counter enamel and the polychrome decoration on the surface are determined and identified. Fluorine and elevated amounts of calcium were detected, indicating that fluorite was likely used as a raw material. The presence of this mineral, which is typical of Chinese cloisonné, confirms that these objects share both aesthetic and technological relationships.
Socioeconomic and environmental factors jointly shape beta diversity of woody species in eastern China
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Jiang Bo , Yuan Weigao , Jin Chao , Jiao Jiejie , Wang Zhigao , Zhu Jinru , Zhan Xiaohao , Liu Jiajia , Wu Chuping
Published: January 2022

Questions

Increasingly, studies have demonstrated that not only environmental factors but also socioeconomic factors are important in determining species richness patterns. However, few studies have explored their effects on beta diversity. Here, we aimed to answer two questions based on woody species composition in a number of geographical administrative divisions: (1) how does beta diversity change with socioeconomic and environmental factors; and (2) what is the relative importance of socioeconomic and environmental factors in driving beta diversity of woody species?

Location

Eastern China.

Methods

We used abundance‐based beta diversity (Bray–Curtis) and species accumulation rate to quantify beta diversity of woody species of 20 counties in eastern China. Linear regression models were used to test the relationships between beta diversity and socioeconomic and environmental factors. The relative importance of socioeconomic and environmental factors in driving beta diversity was investigated using the variation partitioning method.

Results

We found that elevation, annual precipitation, and location significantly affected species composition. Species accumulation rate increased significantly with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), GDP per capita and human population density, and decreased with forest cover, topographic and climatic heterogeneity. In addition, abundance‐based beta diversity increased significantly with human population density. Moreover, socioeconomic factors, topographic and climatic heterogeneity independently explained 25%, 15%, and 1% of abundance‐based beta diversity separately.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic factors may have significant effects on beta diversity patterns of woody plants. Our study highlights the urgent need to consider socioeconomic factors when exploring large‐scale biodiversity patterns in human‐dominated landscapes and formulating related forest management strategies.
“May I present you: my disgust!” – Declared disgust sensitivity in the presence of attractive models
Authors: Stefanczyk Michal Mikolaj , Lizak Katarzyna , Kowal Marta , Sorokowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

Disgust sensitivity differs among men and women, and this phenomenon has been observed across numerous cultures. It remains unknown why such sex differences occur, but one of the reasons may relate to differences in self‐presentation. We tested that hypothesis in an experiment comprising 299 participants (49% women) randomly allocated into three groups. Each group completed the Three Domains Disgust Scale (TDDS) and rated how disgusting they found olfactory, visual, gustatory, and tactile disgust elicitors either when a male experimenter was present, a female experimenter was present, or no experimenter was present. We hypothesised that male participants in the female experimenter group would declare decreased levels of disgust sensitivity, and female participants in the male experimenter group would declare increased levels of disgust sensitivity. Results showed that despite sex differences in pathogen and sexual disgust, attractive experimenters did not evoke any differences in declared disgust across groups with one exception–both men and women self‐presented as more sensitive to sexual disgust in the presence of the female experimenter. We discuss our findings in the light of evolutionary and social theories.
Profiles and predictors of thriving in children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Simpson Kate , Clark Megan , Adams Dawn
Published: January 2022

Background

Thriving is defined as the growth of attributes that mark a flourishing, healthy individual and include Competence, Confidence, Connectedness, Character, Caring and Contribution to self, family, community and civil society. Thriving has been linked to positive youth outcomes in neurotypical children and adolescents but has rarely been explored for individuals on the autism spectrum.

Method

This study explored the profiles and predictors of parent‐reported thriving in 111 school children on the autism spectrum, aged 6 to 14 years.

Results

Parents rated children as having relative strengths in the Caring and Connectedness dimensions and relative challenges in the Competence dimension. Stronger thriving outcomes were consistently predicted by stronger socialization scores; however, the other predictors of outcome differed by dimensions.

Conclusion

The current findings provide insight into the individual and contextual factors that predict thriving in children on the autism spectrum. As research into thriving is in its infancy, more work is needed to understand how child, family and contextual factors relate to thriving in individuals on the autism spectrum to foster positive outcomes.
Conversion of ileo‐pouch anal anastomosis to continent ileostomy: strategic surgical considerations and outcome
Authors: Ecker Karl‐Wilhelm , Dinh Christian , Ecker Nils K. J. , Möslein Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Aim

The aim was to evaluate surgical strategies for conversion of failed ileo‐pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) to continent ileostomy (CI), taking morbidity and overall outcome into account. The hypothesis was that complex conversions are equivalent to the primary construction of a CI at the time of proctocolectomy.

Method

This was a retrospective analysis of IPAA conversions acknowledging the underlying disease (inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and non‐IBD) and extent of pouch reconstruction (PR): type 1 (without PR), type 2 (partial PR), and type 3 (complete PR).

Results

Twenty‐six patients (IBD, n = 16; non‐IBD, n = 10) were converted (type 1, n = 13; type 2, n = 7; and type 3, n = 6).12/26 patients (46.2%) presented postoperative complications directly related to the conversion with scarification of two pouches. In a mean follow‐up time of 7.5 ± 6.6 years, 5/24 patients required revisional surgery. Of these, three required pouch excision. The cumulative probability of reoperation at the end of the second year increased to 21.7% and remained constant thereafter until the maximum follow‐up time of 26 years. The total pouch loss rate was 19.2% (5/26), of which all occurred in the first 3 years. No statistically significant differences were found between the conversion types, complications or pouch survival. For all parameters, IBD patients performed slightly unfavourably. Due to the overall small number of respective patients, a differentiated investigation of IBD was not performed.

Conclusion

Complex conversion procedures (types 1 and 2) deliver comparable long‐term results to new constructions (type 3), thereby limiting the loss of small bowel. IBD compromises outcome versus non‐IBD.
Carry‐over effects of larval food stress on adult energetics and life history in a nectar‐feeding butterfly
Authors: Niitepõld Kristjan , Boggs Carol L.
Published: January 2022

Stressful juvenile developmental conditions can affect performance and fitness later in life. In holometabolous insects such as butterflies, development under stressful conditions may lead to smaller adult size, lower reproductive output, and shorter lifespan. However, how larval developmental stress affects energy intake and expenditure in adult individuals is poorly understood.

We subjected last‐instar larvae of Speyeria mormonia Edwards (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) to periodic dietary restriction (DR) to examine the allocation of energy and nutrients among different life history processes. We measured adult food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), metabolic flight capacity, lifespan, and reproductive output. Consistent with pressure to disperse from a poor environment while maintaining offspring number, we predicted that stressed individuals would have increased adult food intake and higher flight capacity.

Adult body size was strongly reduced. Contrary to predictions, we found no compensatory adult feeding. Mass‐adjusted flight metabolic rate was reduced, suggesting poor dispersal capacity. Larval DR did not affect adult lifespan, nor did the rate of metabolic senescence change. Larval DR did affect RMR, as stressed females had a steeper slope between RMR and body mass, which may reflect differences in physiological activity due to condition.

Fecundity decreased less than predicted based on body mass. Instead of investing in flight capacity, females increased relative allocation to reproduction, which may partly buffer against poor environmental conditions.

Understanding the interplay of energy acquisition and allocation to life history traits across the life cycle is vital for predicting responses to environmental change.
Pandemic fears, family interference with work, and organizational citizenship behavior: Buffering role of work‐related goal congruence
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Pereira Renato
Published: January 2022

Pandemic fears are nearly inescapable, with likely effects on organizational citizenship behavior. This article considers the potential mediating influence that arises if employees experience family interference in their work, as well as the potential buffering role of work‐related goal congruence, in this relationship. Survey data were collected from employees who work in the information technology (IT) consulting sector in Portugal. The research hypotheses were tested with a bootstrapping approach, based on the Process macro, which enables the simultaneous assessment of mediation and moderation effects. The empirical results show that employees' ruminations about the coronavirus diminish their voluntary work behaviors, because their family‐related stress interferes with their work. Such harmful outcomes are less prominent among employees who perceive work‐related problems as mutually shared. This study accordingly reveals how organizations can limit the detrimental effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic by aligning the work‐related goals of their employee bases.
Hope for Latino immigrant youth: A longitudinal test of Snyder's Children's Hope Scale
Authors: Lin Hua , Cox Ronald B. , Sahbaz Sumeyra , Washburn Isaac J. , Larzelere Robert E. , Greder Kimberly A.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To examine the psychometric properties of Snyder's Children's Hope Scale (CHS) with first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant youth, using item response theory, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance tests.

Background

Stress experienced by youth in 2020 has heightened interest in resilience factors such as hope. The CHS is widely used to measure hope but has not been validated for longitudinal assessments with immigrant populations.

Methods

Participants were 233 low socioeconomic status first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant youth (50.43% female, 62% U.S.‐born, and 81% of Mexican heritage). Data were collected at two timepoints spanning 4 weeks.

Results

Rather than the original six‐item two‐dimensional scale, our results supported a four‐item one‐dimensional scale, with excellent model fit, strong invariance across time, by gender and generation status, good reliability (α = .81), and the expected negative association with stress.

Conclusions

The four‐item Hope scale is suitable for longitudinal assessments with first‐ and second‐generation Latino immigrant populations and can be used for examining differences by gender and generation status in research and practice to assess youth resilience.

Implications

This study underscores the need for practitioners and researchers to rigorously investigate the psychometric properties of a measure before its use with diverse populations.
Secretory proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their roles in modulation of host immune responses: focus on therapeutic targets
Authors: Pal Ravi , Bisht Manoj Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Sangita
Published: January 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, is one of the most successful pathogens in human history. An extremely resilient cell wall and highly evolved and coordinated strategies for immune evasion have made it a very formidable pathogen. The secretory proteins of M. tuberculosis play a crucial role in its virulence and immune evasion. The secretory proteins are secreted through tightly regulated secretion systems and modulate the host immune responses through a plethora of strategies, including epigenetic reprogramming of infected cells, targeting antigen presentation, inhibition of phagosomal maturation, modulation of cytokine production, apoptosis and redox regulation, etc. Upon infection, the secretory proteins become localized into various cellular organelles, such as nucleus, cytoplasm, phagosomes and Golgi, bodies and hijack the host machineries through their wide gamut of functions, including kinase, phosphatase, methyl transferase activities and interaction with several host partners. In this review, we discuss the secretion systems, the functions of various secretory proteins of M. tuberculosis and their roles in modulating immune responses of the host. We also discuss the feasibility of their use as possible therapeutic targets. This information is likely to improve our understanding of the host–pathogen interaction and help in the design of effective anti‐tuberculosis therapeutics.
Muscle cell‐derived cytokines in skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Waldemer‐Streyer Rachel J. , Kim Dongwook , Chen Jie
Published: January 2022

Regeneration of the mammalian adult skeletal muscle is a well‐orchestrated process regulated by multiple proteins and signalling pathways. Cytokines constitute a major class of regulators of skeletal myogenesis. It is well established that infiltrating immune cells at the site of muscle injury secrete cytokines, which play critical roles in the myofibre repair and regeneration process. In the past 10–15 years, skeletal muscle itself has emerged as a prolific producer of cytokines. Much attention in the field has been focused on the endocrine effects of muscle‐secreted cytokines (myokines) on metabolic regulation. However, ample evidence suggests that muscle‐derived cytokines also regulate myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration in an autocrine manner. In this review, we survey cytokines that meet two criteria: (a) evidence of expression by muscle cells; (b) evidence demonstrating a myogenic function. Dozens of cytokines representing several major classes make up this group, and together they regulate all steps of the myogenic process. How such a large array of cytokines coordinate their signalling to form a regulatory network is a fascinating, pressing question. Functional studies that can distinguish the source of the cytokines in vivo are also much needed in order to facilitate exploration of their full therapeutic potential.
Empirical Ross recovery without discretization
Authors: Golec Joseph , Xu Yuewu , Yao Xiangkun
Published: January 2022

We propose a new continuous‐state method for empirically recovering the key objects in the Ross recovery theory which avoids discretization. The new method is based on a key bivariate orthogonal Hermite representation of the state price transition kernel, which leads to an elegant correspondence of the eigenvalue–eigenfunction system of the transition kernel and the eigenvalue–eigenvector system of the expansion coefficient matrix. Using S&P 500 index option prices, we demonstrate how our method can generate well‐behaved state price transition kernels and physical densities. Our method can also be used to compute the key objects in the Hansen and Scheinkman's factorization theory.
ʻEIN ENGEL SPIELTE SANFT AUF BLAUEN TASTENʼ: ELSE LASKER‐SCHÜLERS LYRISCHE MUSIKPOETIK
Authors: Görner Rüdiger
Published: January 2022

This essay examines the musical dimension in Else Lasker‐Schülerʼs lyrical compositions. In three sections, each headed with a motto from Georg Traklʼs poem ʻAbendlandʼ (which was dedicated to Lasker‐Schüler), this exploration suggests an ʻelective affinityʼ in the two poets’ treatment of poetic language. Central to the argument is a discussion of Lasker‐Schüler's rarely considered poem ʻLeo Kestenbergʼ, in which intrinsic musicality is matched with explicit references to musical themes and motifs. The essay argues, with particular reference to Bachelard and Zwetajewa, that music and poetic spaces are interrelated in Lasker‐Schülerʼs poems. It shows how musically conditioned her treatment of language was: in her poetry, music is the sound‐image of poetic imagination. Rather than apply the over‐used concept of ʻintermedialityʼ to Lasker‐Schüler's poetry, the essay demonstrates what poetic phenomenology entails if or when word and music interact in a generic fashion, forming what could be termed ʻpoetic correlativesʼ. Whilst much of Lasker‐Schüler criticism centres on the pictorial dimension in her work, this essay contributes to redressing the balance.
Incidence and patterns of lymphatic drainage to the epitrochlear and popliteal sentinel lymph nodes in malignant melanoma of the distal extremities: a single‐institution retrospective study
Authors: Jinnai Shunichi , Namikawa Kenjiro , Takahashi Akira , Ogata Dai , Yamazaki Naoya
Published: January 2022

Background

In most cutaneous melanomas of the distal extremity, sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are identified in the axillary or inguinal basin; however, they may be occasionally found in the epitrochlear or popliteal basins. The incidence and patterns of lymphatic drainage to the epitrochlear or popliteal SLNs are unclear.

Methods

To clarify the incidence and clinical characteristics of melanoma draining to these ectopic SLNs, we performed a retrospective study of the patients with distal extremity melanoma who underwent SLN biopsy at the National Cancer Center Hospital between April 2010 and December 2017.

Results

We identified 27 patients with melanoma of the distal upper extremity and 113 patients with melanoma of the distal lower extremity. All patients with distal upper and lower extremity melanomas had SLNs in the axillary and inguinal basins. Epitrochlear SLNs were found in 14.8% (4/27) of the patients with upper extremity melanoma, and the frequency increased by 36.4% (4/11) when the primary melanoma was located in the basilic vein area (P = 0.00188). Popliteal SLNs were found in 21.2% (24/113) of the patients with lower extremity melanoma, and the frequency increased by 37.9% (22/58) when the primary melanoma was located in the lesser saphenous vein area (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The incidence of SLNs identified in the epitrochlear or popliteal basin is not uncommon, and physicians need to be aware of these ectopic SLNs, especially when the primary melanoma is located in the basilic vein or lesser saphenous vein areas accordingly.
Pressure ulcer risk profiles of hospitalized patients based on the Braden Scale: A cluster analysis
Authors: Gaspar Susana , Peralta Miguel , Budri Aglécia , Ferreira Carlos , Gaspar de Matos Margarida
Published: January 2022

Aim

The aim of this work is to identify the pressure ulcer risk profiles of hospitalized patients with reference to Braden Scale subscales.

Methods

A total of 2996 hospitalized Portuguese participants were screened using the Braden Scale. A hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analysis was conducted, with ethical approval.

Results

Five risk profiles (clusters) based on the first risk assessments were identified. Regarding the Braden Scale total score, two profiles with high risk and three profiles with low risk of pressure ulcer development were identified. All clusters were statistically significantly different in terms of sociodemographic and clinical variables. When the first and the last risk assessments were compared, all the clusters improved the Braden Scale total score on the last risk assessment, except Cluster 4 (low‐risk category). Clusters 3, 4 and 5, which were classified as low risk, decreased in several Braden subscales at the last risk assessment.

Conclusions

The classification of low risk may misguide the early identification of patients with individual risk factors. Increasing the awareness of health care professionals for the importance of risk assessment of each Braden subscale is necessary for pressure ulcer prevention. We recommend the implementation of strategies for early identification of patients at risk at local and national levels.
Gamifying a personality measure by converting it into a story: Convergence, incremental prediction, faking, and reactions
Authors: Landers Richard N. , Collmus Andrew B.
Published: January 2022

New assessments were developed measuring conscientiousness and openness by gamifying two existing Likert‐type personality measures by adding a story, a measure redesign process called storification. Both the original and storified versions of the measures were administered to 426 people to compare the measures' convergence, incremental prediction of performance, magnitude of faking effects, and reactions using a counter‐balanced within‐subjects fake‐good research design. Moderate convergence of latent traits was observed between the original and storified measures for both conscientiousness (β = .45) and openness (β = .72). Convergence at the item level was generally poor (−.02 < r < .40 with mean convergence = 0.17). The measures predicted performance more poorly than the original measures on which they were based. When instructed to fake, the conscientiousness measure showed improved resistance to faking, but the openness measure did not. Reactions (e.g., face validity perceptions, predictive validity perceptions) were more positive to the storified measures in terms of procedural justice and general fairness perceptions. Overall, the present attempt at storification was more successful at creating alternative measures of traits rather than parallel ones, suggesting storification may be better considered a distinct scale development strategy instead of a redesign technique that maintains the psychometric profile of an original measure.
Aconcagua Fablab: Learning to Become with the World through Design and Digital Fabrication Technologies
Authors: Jeldes Juan Carlos , Cortés‐Morales Susana , Rodo Lunissi Renée , Moreira‐Muñoz Andrés
Published: January 2022

We reflect about the role of creative and innovative design/fabrication technologies in processes of learning to become with the world and understanding our place as humanity within nature. In particular, we present part of the work of Aconcagua Fablab, a mobile design and digital fabrication laboratory. We situate it in relation to the Fablab movement, highlighting its focus in generating processes of ecological understanding, immersion and literacy, working in association with BioGeoArt, an action‐research project inquiring about humanity‐nature relationships in Chile. Unfolding this discussion, we present two workshops developed by Aconcagua Fablab with children and young people, focused in designing / fabricating artefacts and occasions for the exploration of more‐than‐human languages in territorial expressions and immersion in sensitive landscapes – one of them focused on biomimesis and filotaxis; the other one on soundscapes. In doing so, we discuss digital fabrication technologies from a convivial conceptualization, in relation to a more‐than‐human geographical understanding of nature, and concepts such as relational agency, intra‐action, more‐than‐human languages and representation, and situated knowledge, arguing for the role that these technologies and arts in general can play, when used within creative and collaborative learning processes, in awakening ‘the curiosity about life on earth that we will need to limit the destruction we call Anthropocene and protect the Holocene entanglements that we need to survive’.
A Nurse Practitioner service designed to address the health needs of children living in housing instability: A non‐randomised, concurrent mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Parry Yvonne , Willis Eileen , Kendall Sally , Marriott Rhonda , Ankers Matthew
Published: January 2022

In 2019–2020 we conducted a pilot study of a Nurse Practitioner clinic working with housing insecure children (0–18 years) that found high levels of developmental delay, missed immunizations and dental caries. This present non‐randomized, concurrent mixed‐methods study protocol explains the next phase of the research designed proving proof of concept for a Nurse Practitioner model of care for these vulnerable children. Focusing on identifying and understanding clinic admission processes, tracking referral pathways and uptake, and how many vulnerable children miss potential care and why. This will help us to understand and address gaps in health service delivery for this cohort.

Design

The study uses a concurrent mixed‐ method design where both qualitative and quantitative data are collected during the same period (between January 2021 and March 2022 as per the funding timeline).

Methods

The concurrent mixed‐method design will collect data from:

A comprehensive assessment tool used by the Nurse Practitioner to evaluate the child accessing specialist homeless services, which assess their mental, physical and social health needs.

Documentation about the child's referral needs and uptake by disadvantage families.

Interviews with housing insecure families, and staff/managers of the specialist homeless service.

A review of Nurse Practitioner case notes.

Surveys of families with children accessing the Nurse Practitioner service.

Discussion

Addressing the childhood impacts of family homelessness is of global importance. Structural equation modelling, from the surveys and in‐depth health assessments along with the thematic analysis of the interviews with parents and staff/managers provide an understanding of the relationships between referral uptake and variables such as education, homelessness and transport accessibility. Investigating the enablers and barriers to the usual health access and our extended referral uptake impacted by family homelessness enables a better understanding of the current health gaps.

Impact

Just over one fifth of Australian children live with their families in some form of housing instability including homelessness. These children, aged from birth to 18 years, are often disconnected from health and similar social institutions, making them an underserviced population. Our research investigates a Nurse Practitioner services that helps reconnect children with services to help avoid poor long‐term health outcomes.
Yogurt product intake and reduction of tooth loss risk in a Japanese community
Authors: Ma Jiale , Furuta Michiko , Uchida Kazuhiro , Takeshita Toru , Kageyama Shinya , Asakawa Mikari , Takeuchi Kenji , Suma Shino , Sakata Satoko , Hata Jun , Sohn Woosung , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Yamashita Yoshihisa
Published: January 2022

Aim

To evaluate the longitudinal association between yogurt product intake and oral health in a population‐based study.

Materials and Methods

This study included 1967 Japanese residents aged 40–79 years who underwent dental examinations in 2012. Among them, 1469 participants were followed up in 2017 for the incidence of tooth loss, which was defined as two or more teeth lost over 5 years. The intake of yogurt products, defined as yogurt and lactic acid beverages, was estimated using a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The composition of the salivary microbiota was evaluated.

Results

The Poisson regression model showed that a higher intake of yogurt products was negatively associated with the incidence of tooth loss (p for trend = .020), adjusted for potential confounding factors. Mediation analysis confirmed that periodontal condition partly mediated the effect of yogurt product intake on tooth loss, while dental caries experience did not. Additionally, we confirmed the association of a high intake of yogurt products with a low percentage of the salivary microbiota pattern, which was associated with poor oral health.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the intake of yogurt products is associated with a lower risk of tooth loss resulting from periodontal disease, probably via modulation of the oral microbiome composition.
Can periodontal measures assist in the identification of adults with undiagnosed hyperglycaemia? A systematic review
Authors: Talakey Arwa A. , Hughes Francis J. , Bernabé Eduardo
Published: January 2022

Aim

The aim of this review was to answer the following question: Can periodontal measures be used to identify dental patients with undiagnosed hyperglycaemia?

Materials and Methods

Systematic searches of electronic databases and the grey literature were carried out to identify studies developing and/or validating prediction models, based on any periodontal measure, to screen adults for undiagnosed hyperglycaemia (pre‐diabetes and diabetes). Risk of bias was evaluated using the PRediction mOdel risk‐of‐Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST).

Results

Ten studies were identified, of which eight were model development studies. The remaining two studies reported the external validation of one existing prediction model. The periodontal prediction model with some evidence of external validation showed moderate diagnostic performance in the development sample but lower performance in the external validation samples. According to PROBAST, all studies had high risk of bias mainly due to methodological limitations in data analysis, but also in the recruitment of participants, choice and measurement of periodontal predictors and diabetes.

Conclusions

There is a need for more robust external validation studies of existing prediction models adhering to current recommendations. Dental professionals who see patients at risk of diabetes and routinely collect periodontal measures have an important role to play in their identification and referral.
Future value and direction of cosmetics in the era of metaverse
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: January 2022

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 appeared in humans at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwide coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Our research is being conducted on consumers who are having difficulties in purchasing cosmetics due to the rapid change in non‐face‐to‐face society due to COVID‐19 on new normal period.

Objectives

This study technically investigates the customer experience of consumers in the cosmetic market on metaverse world, which has changed to a non‐face‐to‐face era after COVID‐19.

Methods

It was written with reference to keywords such as “COVID‐19,” “non‐face‐to‐face,” “fandom marketing,” “alpha generation,” and “metaverse.” This study was performed by searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 378 papers were retrieved, of which 29 were successfully selected in this study.

Results

It focused on the transformational change of the metaverse beauty market that will be led by the alpha generation after COVID‐19. It was empirically analyzed targeting the alpha generation, who are users, to change the problems of users who test and purchase cosmetics face‐to‐face in the beauty market so that they can do fandom marketing and customer experience using metaverse in a non‐face‐to‐face society.

Conclusion

As a result, this article is expected to be used as an important marketing material for new changes in the market on metaverse world by clearly identifying the needs of consumers in the cosmetic industry that have changed in the untact era.
Pediatric and adolescent females are at higher risk of adnexal torsion recurrence—A large‐scale retrospective study
Authors: Meyer Raanan , Meller Nir , Komem Daphna A. , Abu‐Bandora Eiman , Cohen Adiel , Mohr‐Sasson Aya , Cohen Shlomo B. , Mashiach Roy , Levin Gabriel
Published: January 2022

Aim

Recurrence of adnexal torsion (rAT) is reported mainly in small series. Normal and small appearing ovaries are associated with an increased risk for rAT. Nevertheless, updated data of larger cohorts is lacking. We aimed to investigate the predictors for rAT in a cohort of women who had surgical intervention for primary adnexal torsion (pAT).

Methods

A retrospective case–control study from a single institution between 2011 and 2020. Women with a primary occurrence of surgically proven adnexal torsion were included. We compared those who had experienced rAT to those who had not. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to study independent predictors for rAT.

Results

Overall, 358 women were included. Of those, 35 (9.8%) had a rAT. Women who experienced rAT were younger (mean age 26 vs. 30 years, p = 0.01). Women experiencing rAT had smaller mean ovarian cyst diameter in the pAT episode (42 vs. 59 mm. p < 0.001). Performance of laparoscopic detorsion was only associated with rAT (odds ration [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13 [1.02–4.42], p = 0.03), while the performance of additional cystectomy was negatively associated with rAT (OR 95% CI 0.10 [0.01–0.79], p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age ≤15 and smaller cyst diameter at pAT were independently associated with the risk for rAT (aOR 95% CI 5.0 [1.09–23.2] and 1.47 [1.08–2.0], for every 10 mm decrease in cyst diameter, respectively).

Conclusions

Adolescents and pediatric females and women with smaller ovarian cysts at pAT are at higher risk for future recurrence of adnexal torsion.
Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: Long‐Term Benefits of School Engagement
Authors: Lee Hyanghee , Henry Kimberly L.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

To determine if school engagement is a viable target for early prevention of adolescent substance use, this study investigated whether school engagement in early adolescence (ages 12‐14) is a cause of alcohol and cannabis use during middle to late adolescence (ages 15‐19).

METHODS

To facilitate causal inference, inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs), which are based on estimated probabilities of treatment selection (ie, school engagement), were created based on a robust set of potential confounders. Using the IPTWs, a cumulative link mixed model was fit to examine the impact of school engagement on alcohol and cannabis use among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 360).

RESULTS

School engagement was associated with a lower level of alcohol and cannabis use from age 15 to 18. School engagement was not associated with change in alcohol and cannabis use over time, suggesting that school engagement emits its effect early in the developmental course of substance use and offers protection throughout adolescence.

CONCLUSIONS

This study supports a compensatory role of early school engagement in substance use across middle and late adolescence. School engagement is a malleable factor and thus offers an avenue for prevention efforts.
Fostering School Belonging and Students' Well‐Being Through a Positive School Interethnic Climate in Diverse High Schools
Authors: Vang Tseng M. , Nishina Adrienne
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

School belonging has been linked to students' health and well‐being. As US schools become more ethnically diverse, it is important to understand how schools can contribute to a sense of belonging for students from all ethnic groups.

METHODS

The present study examines the association between school interethnic climate, school belonging, and 3 well‐being indicators (psychological, physical, and academic) among 657 10th graders across 2 states.

RESULTS

Positive school interethnic climate was associated with stronger feelings of school belonging, and was indirectly associated with better psychological adjustment, fewer physical symptoms, and better grades via school belonging. There were no differences between White and non‐White students in the findings.

CONCLUSIONS

Focusing on fostering a positive interethnic atmosphere may be a useful target for schools to support students' health and well‐being as well as academic performance.
Associations of sleep duration with neurocognitive development in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Cao Shuting , Liu Juan , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Shunqing , Xia Wei
Published: January 2022

The effect of sleep duration on neurocognitive development in infants and toddlers remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and neurocognitive development in infancy. Based on a prospective birth cohort, 2220 mother–infant pairs were enrolled in Wuhan, China, between January 2014 and October 2017. Sleep duration was evaluated at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months via parent‐report questionnaires. To assess the children’s neurocognitive development at 2 years old, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development of China Revision was used to assess the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI). A group‐based semiparametric mixture model was used to estimate the developmental trajectories of the total, nighttime and daytime sleep duration. The associations of sleep duration at each age and sleep duration trajectories with Mental Development Index scores and Psychomotor Development Index scores were analysed using generalized linear models. Daytime sleep duration (≥ 10.0 hr) at 1 month was associated with lower Mental Development Index scores (β = −3.55, 95% confidence interval: −6.02, −1.08) and lower Psychomotor Development Index scores (β = −2.87, 95% confidence interval: −4.94, −0.81). Nighttime sleep duration (≤ 7.0 hr) at 6 months was associated with lower Mental Development Index scores (β = −7.02, 95% confidence interval: −11.02, −3.01). Daytime sleep duration (> 4 hr) and nighttime sleep duration (< 8 hr) at 12 months were associated with lower Mental Development Index scores (β = −9.17, 95% confidence interval: −15.35, −2.98) and lower Psychomotor Development Index scores (β = −8.14, 95% confidence interval: −13.56, −2.71), respectively. In further sleep duration trajectories analyses, lower Mental Development Index scores were significantly associated with the “decreased and then increased nighttime sleepers” trajectory (β = −4.39, 95% confidence interval: −8.02, −0.76), and “long and decreased daytime sleepers” trajectory (β = −2.44, 95% confidence interval: −4.58, −0.30). These results showed that short nighttime sleep duration and long daytime sleep duration in infancy were detrimental to children’s neurocognitive development.