bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of impregnated bentonite using ultrasound waves for application in the Fenton process
Authors: Bečelić-Tomin M. , Kulić A. , Kerkez Đ. , Tomašević Pilipović D. , Pešić V. , Dalmacija B.
Published: June 2018

The use of clays as industrial catalysts requires optimization of modification methods during their preparation. The objective of this paper was to improve the traditional method of bentonite impregnation using ultrasound. For this purpose, three series of samples with Fe3+/clay molar ratios of 0.6–11 mmol/g were prepared, which differed in terms of preparation procedure. The first batch of samples was subjected to the conventional method of impregnation, where total synthesis of catalysts took 4 h. The other two series of samples were prepared with impregnation improved by ultrasound: preparation of Fe-polycation (5 min) and then its incorporation with a clay suspension for 5 and 10 min. The effect of clay preparation method on the catalyst stability and efficiency in a heterogeneous Fenton process was studied on aqueous solutions of synthetic Reactive Blue 4 dye. The catalysts prepared by the conventional method and the improved ultrasound method achieved high efficacy (91–97%, respectively), but their stability was different in the Fenton process. The catalysts prepared using ultrasound for 10 min exhibited greatest stability in the Fenton process. The catalysts synthesized with different Fe loadings displayed an increase in specific surface area and mesoporosity. Samples prepared by the improved impregnation method are comparable in terms of their characteristics with their counterparts prepared by the conventional method. It is thus possible to reduce the time taken by traditional catalyst synthesis by using optimized exposure time to ultrasonic waves.
Ammonium-bearing micas in very low-grade metapelites: micro- and nano-texture and composition
Authors: Bauluz Blanca , Nieto Fernando
Published: June 2018

The present study examines the micro- and nano-texture and composition of ammonium-bearing and potassium micas in very-low grade metamorphic black Silurian shales from the SE Iberian Range (NE Spain). Two organic-rich shales were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The XRD showed the presence of two populations of micas: pure K micas with d001 = 9.98 Å and ammonium-bearing micas with larger d001 values (10.08 Å and 10.05 Å). The latter values indicate NH4 contents between 13 and 29% in the interlayer, which was confirmed by IR. Interstratifications of smectite and mica layers in the mica packets were not detected by XRD and TEM. Mica packets with sizes ranging from 100 to 250 Å show disordered polytypes and (001) lattice fringes that reflect the presence of K- and NH4-bearing layers (9.9–10.2 Å).

The combination of AEM and EELS analyses on powdered and lamellar samples indicates that micas have typical dioctahedral compositions with highly variable K contents. This variation in K is consistent with the presence of K and NH4 in the interlayers, even though the NH4 and K are not distributed homogeneously; rather they are segregated in nm-sized domains in the mica interlayer.
Reference equations for pulmonary diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in adult Caucasians
Authors: Munkholm Mathias , Marott Jacob Louis , Bjerre-Kristensen Lars , Madsen Flemming , Pedersen Ole Find , Lange Peter , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Mortensen Jann
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to determine reference equations for the combined measurement of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) (DLCONO). In addition, we wanted to appeal for consensus regarding methodology of the measurement including calculation of diffusing capacity of the alveolo-capillary membrane (Dm) and pulmonary capillary volume (Vc).

DLCONOwas measured in 282 healthy individuals aged 18–97 years using the single-breath technique and a breath-hold time of 5 s (true apnoea period). The following values were used: 1) specific conductance of nitric oxide (θNO)=4.5 mLNO·mLblood−1·min−1·mmHg−1; 2) ratio of diffusing capacity of the membrane for NO and CO (DmNO/DmCO)=1.97; and 3) 1/red cell CO conductance (1/θCO)=(1.30+0.0041·mean capillary oxygen pressure)·(14.6/Hb concentration in g·dL−1).

Reference equations were established for the outcomes ofDLCONO, includingDLCOandDLNOand the calculated valuesDmandVc. Independent variables were age, sex, height and age squared.

By providing new reference equations and by appealing for consensus regarding the methodology, we hope to provide a basis for future studies and clinical use of this novel and interesting method.
How to build a lung: latest advances and emerging themes in lung bioengineering
Authors: De Santis Martina M. , Bölükbas Deniz A. , Lindstedt Sandra , Wagner Darcy E.
Published: June 2018

Chronic respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The only option at end-stage disease is lung transplantation, but there are not enough donor lungs to meet clinical demand. Alternative options to increase tissue availability for lung transplantation are urgently required to close the gap on this unmet clinical need. A growing number of tissue engineering approaches are exploring the potential to generate lung tissueex vivofor transplantation. Both biologically derived and manufactured scaffolds seeded with cells and grownex vivohave been explored in pre-clinical studies, with the eventual goal of generating functional pulmonary tissue for transplantation. Recently, there have been significant efforts to scale-up cell culture methods to generate adequate cell numbers for human-scale bioengineering approaches. Concomitantly, there have been exciting efforts in designing bioreactors that allow for appropriate cell seeding and development of functional lung tissue over time. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art progress for each of these areas and to discuss promising new ideas within the field of lung bioengineering.
Implementation of Perioperative Music Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Carter Jessica E. , Pyati Srinivas , Kanach Frances A. , Maxwell Ann Miller W. , Belden Charles M. , Shea Christopher M. , Van de Ven Thomas , Thompson Jillian , Hoenig Helen , Raghunathan Karthik
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:

Complementary integrative health therapies have a perioperative role in the reduction of pain, analgesic use, and anxiety, and increasing patient satisfaction. However, long implementation lags have been quantified. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) can help mitigate this translational problem.

METHODS:

We reviewed evidence for several nonpharmacological treatments (CFIR domain: characteristics of interventions) and studied external context and organizational readiness for change by surveying providers at 11 Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals (domains: outer and inner settings). We asked patients about their willingness to receive music and studied the association between this and known risk factors for opioid use (domain: characteristics of individuals). We implemented a protocol for the perioperative use of digital music players loaded with veteran-preferred playlists and evaluated its penetration in a subgroup of patients undergoing joint replacements over a 6-month period (domain: process of implementation). We then extracted data on postoperative recovery time and other outcomes, comparing them with historic and contemporary cohorts.

RESULTS:

Evidence varied from strong and direct for perioperative music and acupuncture, to modest or weak and indirect for mindfulness, yoga, and tai chi, respectively. Readiness for change surveys completed by 97 perioperative providers showed overall positive scores (mean >0 on a scale from −2 to +2, equivalent to >2.5 on the 5-point Likert scale). Readiness was higher at Durham (+0.47) versus most other VA hospitals (range +0.05 to +0.63). Of 3307 veterans asked about willingness to receive music, approximately 68% (n = 2252) answered “yes.” In multivariable analyses, a positive response (acceptability) was independently predicted by younger age and higher mean preoperative pain scores (>4 out of 10 over 90 days before admission), factors associated with opioid overuse. Penetration was modest in the targeted subset (39 received music out of a possible 81 recipients), potentially reduced by device nonavailability due to diffusion into nontargeted populations. Postoperative recovery time was not changed, suggesting smooth integration into workflow.

CONCLUSIONS:

CFIR-guided implementation of perioperative music was feasible at a tertiary VA hospital, with moderate penetration in a high-risk subset of patients. Use of digital music players with preferred playlists was supported by strong evidence, tension for change, modest readiness among providers, good acceptability among patients (especially those at risk for opioid overuse), and a protocolized approach. Further study is needed to identify similar frameworks for effective knowledge-translation activities.
CyTargetLinker app update: A flexible solution for network extension in Cytoscape
Authors: Kutmon Martina , Ehrhart Friederike , Willighagen Egon L. , Evelo Chris T. , Coort Susan L.
Published: June 2018

Here, we present an update of the open-source CyTargetLinker app for Cytoscape (http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cytargetlinker) that introduces new automation features. CyTargetLinker provides a simple interface to extend networks with links to relevant data and/or knowledge extracted from so-called linksets. The linksets are provided on the CyTargetLinker website or can be custom-made for specific use cases. The new automation feature enables users to programmatically execute the app’s functionality in Cytoscape (command line tool) and with external tools (e.g. R, Jupyter, Python, etc). This allows users to share their analysis workflows and therefore increase repeatability and reproducibility. Three use cases demonstrate automated workflows, combinations with other Cytoscape apps and core Cytoscape functionality. We first extend a protein-protein interaction network created with the stringApp, with compound-target interactions and disease-gene annotations. In the second use case, we created a workflow to load differentially expressed genes from an experimental dataset and extend it with gene-pathway associations. Lastly, we chose an example outside the biological domain and used CyTargetLinker to create an author-article-journal network for the five authors of this manuscript using a two-step extension mechanism. With 300 downloads per month in the last year and over 12,000 downloads in total, CyTargetLinker shows the adoption and relevance of the app in the field of network biology. In April 2018, the original publication was cited in 57 articles demonstrating the applicability in biomedical research.
iSEE: Interactive SummarizedExperiment Explorer
Authors: Rue-Albrecht Kevin , Marini Federico , Soneson Charlotte , Lun Aaron T.L.
Published: June 2018

Data exploration is critical to the comprehension of large biological data sets generated by high-throughput assays such as sequencing. However, most existing tools for interactive visualisation are limited to specific assays or analyses. Here, we present the iSEE (Interactive SummarizedExperiment Explorer) software package, which provides a general visual interface for exploring data in a SummarizedExperiment object. iSEE is directly compatible with many existing R/Bioconductor packages for analysing high-throughput biological data, and provides useful features such as simultaneous examination of (meta)data and analysis results, dynamic linking between plots and code tracking for reproducibility. We demonstrate the utility and flexibility of iSEE by applying it to explore a range of real transcriptomics and proteomics data sets.
Liver- and Colon-Specific DNA Methylation Markers in Plasma for Investigation of Colorectal Cancers with or without Liver Metastases
Authors: Gai Wanxia , Ji Lu , Lam W K Jacky , Sun Kun , Jiang Peiyong , Chan Anthony W H , Wong John , Lai Paul B S , Ng Simon S M , Ma Brigette B Y , Wong Grace L H , Wong Vincent W S , Chan Henry L Y , Chiu Rossa W K , Lo Y M Dennis , Chan K C Allen
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Measurement of DNA derived from different tissues in the circulating DNA pool can provide important information regarding the presence of many pathological conditions. However, existing methods involving genome-wide bisulfite sequencing are relatively expensive and may present challenges for large-scale analysis.

METHODS

Through identifying differentially methylated regions in the liver and colon compared with other tissues, we identified 2 markers and developed corresponding droplet digital PCR assays. Plasma concentrations of liver-derived and colon-derived DNA were measured for 13 liver transplant recipients, 40 liver cancer patients, and 62 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (27 with and 35 without liver metastases).

RESULTS

In liver transplant recipients, the fractional concentration of liver-derived DNA measured using the liver-specific methylation marker and donor-specific alleles showed good correlation (Pearson R = 0.99). In liver cancer patients, the concentration of liver-derived DNA correlated positively with the maximal dimension of the tumor (Spearman R = 0.74). In CRC patients with and without liver metastasis, the plasma concentrations of colon-derived DNA (median, 138 copies/mL and 4 copies/mL, respectively) were increased compared with the 30 healthy controls (26 had undetectable concentrations). The absolute concentration of liver-derived DNA provided a better differentiation between CRC patients with and without liver metastasis compared with the fractional concentration (area under ROC curve, 0.85 vs 0.75).

CONCLUSIONS

Quantitative analysis of plasma DNA with tissue-specific methylation patterns using droplet digital PCR is applicable for the investigation of cancers and assessing organ transplantation. This approach is useful for differentiating patients with and without metastases to other organs.
Book Reviews
Authors: Watts Jonathan P. , Cappuccitti Jessica , DiRisio Michael
Published: June 2018

EXHIBITION, DESIGN, PARTICIPATION: ‘AN EXHIBIT’ 1957 AND RELATED PROJECTS, ELENA CRIPPA AND OTHERS London: Afterall Books (2016), 240 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-3-863-35897-6, £14.95

PUBLIC SERVANTS: ART AND THE CRISIS OF THE COMMON GOOD, JOHANNA BURTON, SHANNON JACKSON AND DOMINIC WILLSDON (EDS) Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press (2016), 518 pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-0-262-03481-4, US $44.95

TROUBLER LA FÊTE, RALLUMER NOTRE JOIE/TO SPOIL THE PARTY, TO SET OUR JOY ABLAZE Montreal: Journée sans culture (2016) 142 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-2-98163-06, CDN $30.00

SURVEY FOR CULTURAL WORKERS/QUESTIONNAIRE POUR TRAVAILLEURS CULTURELS, JO-ANNE BALCAEN (ED.) Montreal: self-published (2015) 76 pp., Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-994-72830-2, CDN $20.00
Disobedient Objects: Towards a Museum Insurgency
Authors: Lyons Steve
Published: June 2018

Assembling a wide range of protest objects produced since the late 1970s, Disobedient Objects at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London (2014–15) aimed to present the expansive material culture of social movements from a global perspective while charting a ‘people’s history of art and design from below’. This article examines the critical intentions behind the exhibition, compares it to other recent large-scale exhibitions on activist art and situates it within a broader field of museum activism, demonstrating how it displayed not only a collection of disobedient objects but also a model for disobedient curating by directing institutional resources towards ongoing movements and campaigns.
‘The Museum of Today’: Harald Szeemann’s Science Fiction
Authors: Muller Lizzie
Published: June 2018

Harald Szeemann’s 1967 exhibition Science Fiction is ripe for re-examination. Insights gained from unpublished handwritten notes reveal Szeemann’s endless listmaking as a connective curatorial methodology that sought to re-create an expansive science fiction ‘state of mind’. The resulting exhibition of over 3,000 diverse objects stands in contrast to the sterile space-age aesthetics of the white cube that was, at the same moment, becoming the pre-eminent form of contemporary art display. The popular response to Science Fiction stimulated Szeemann to conceptualize a ‘Museum of Today’ that would dynamically reflect its moment in time – a concept that resonates in Szeemann’s subsequent work and in contemporary curatorial practice.
Industrial transformation in Chinese animation cinema (1995–2015)
Authors: Chen Shaopeng
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on Chinese cinema animation works between 1995 and 2015 in terms of industrial transformation, thus providing an up-to-date view of cinema animation as an important subsector of Chinese cultural creative industries. The findings of this study can be divided into three parts. First, Chinese cinema animation shows a child-oriented trend over the last two decades. That is to say, Chinese animators always, consciously or unconsciously, find opportunities to cater to children’s pleasure while ignoring the entertainment appeal for other age groups. Second, the serialized and broad-based cinema animations, which have the possible advantage of the audience’s pre-existing familiarity with the characters and stories, can be regarded as an important link of animation value chain. Meanwhile, the above works have exerted mixed effects on its parent brand. Finally, the majority of completely original animated films in China have fallen into a paradox between sound reputation and poor box office performance.
Fandry and Sairat: Marginal narratives and subjectivities in the new Marathi cinema
Authors: Ingle Hrishikesh
Published: June 2018

New Marathi cinema has witnessed a remarkable moment recently when Sairat (The Wild, Manjule, 2016) broke box-office records, with collections touching the 100 Cr. (INR, one Billion). Sairat and Fandry (Pig, Manjule, 2014) are films that present narratives cantered on caste marginalization in rural Maharashtra. In depicting the realities of marginal existence Manjule has mobilized the industrial tendencies of mainstream filmmaking, thus opening up the films for a wider public circulation, and the consequent social discourses arising from it. The route to this, however, is through the evocative portrayal of marginal subjectivities that has largely remained stereotypical in the history of Marathi cinema. This article argues that marginal narratives and subjectivity in Sairat and Fandry are a reification of serious themes that, in the context of multiplex-centric, neo-liberal film culture, seem to posit moments of resistance. The article deliberates with two questions that the films have thrown up: first is the notion of marginal subjectivities. The subjective experience of being socially marginal, which gets highlighted through the story of the lead characters, is of significance here. The narrative articulation of the marginal experience is identified by reading of certain poignant moments in the films. Second, the extratextual, public discourses and events after the films were released are situated to highlight how Fandry and Sairat emerge from a certain social entanglement, and are in turn instrumental in affirming their own commoditized versions. The interviews of the director, various reality-TV events and some indicative discourses on the social media are discussed to consider how the cinema becomes relevant as the site for a critique of the Marathi social realm.
Review
Authors: Pheasant-Kelly Frances
Published: June 2018

Parallel Lines: Post-9/11 American Cinema, Guy Westwell (2014) and The ‘War on Terror’ and American Film: 9/11 Frames Per Second, Terence McSweeney (2014) London: Wallflower Press, 208pp., ISBN: 9780231172035, p/bk, £22.00 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 242pp., ISBN: 9780748693092, h/bk, £70
Mineração de Patentes e Pequenas Empresas: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Sobre Oportunidades de Negócio Sob a Ótica da Inovação Aberta
Authors: Di Petta Arnaldo , Ferraz Renato Ribeiro Nogueira , Pedron Cristiane Drebes , Quoniam Luc
Published: June 2018

Este artigo destaca a mineração de patentes como meio para identificar oportunidades de negócio voltadas às pequenas empresas, valorizando em particular, a ferramenta computacional Patent2Net. Após uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as interrelações entre estes temas, concluiu-se que a mineração de patentes pode representar oportunidades efetivas tanto no âmbito da pesquisa e desenvolvimento, como na aplicação comercial. Sob a ótica da Teoria da Inovação Aberta, é possível que as pequenas empresas usem ferramentas de mineração de patentes para: 1) levantar recursos, 2) estabelecer parcerias com universidades, outras empresas e instituições de pesquisa; e 3) aperfeiçoar tecnologias e produtos existentes a partir do desenvolvimento de novas invenções e do registro formal das mesmas. O artigo busca também abrir portas para o diálogo sobre o treinamento na utilização das ferramentas para mineração de patentes como facilitador na busca do desenvolvimento tecnológico compartilhado.
Mediación educativa contextualizada: aprendizaje de convivencia y prevención del bullying
Authors: Sánchez García-Arista M.ª Luz
Published: June 2018

La mediación educativa contextualizada, inserta en el plan de convivencia entre otros programas de gestión de conflictos, gestión emocional, habilidades sociales y comunicación efectiva, desarrolla todo su potencial transformador a nivel personal y contextual, permeando positivamente la cultura del centro. Los estilos relacionales y comunicativos, potenciados por este enfoque, implican una mejora real y duradera del clima de convivencia, lo que resulta en una herramienta preventiva eficaz de la intimidación.
Biochemical Composition in Two Populations of the Mantis Shrimp, Harpiosquilla raphidea (Fabricius 1798) (Stomatopoda, Crustacea) (Komposisi Biokimia dari Dua Populasi Udang Mantis, Harpiosquilla raphidea (Fabricius 1798) (Stomatopoda, Crustacea))
Authors: Wardianto Yusli , Santoso Joko , Mashar Ali
Published: June 2018

Udang mantis jenis Harpiosquilla raphidea merupakan salah satu jenis krustase hasil tangkapan  bernilai ekonomi pada beberapa daerah pesisir di Indonesia. Namun komposisi biokimia jenis ini belum banyak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memepelajari secara kuantitatif unsure-unsur penting yang terkandung dalam daging udang mantis yang berasal dari perairan Kuala Tungkal, Jambi dan Cirebon. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rendemen udang mantis dari kedua lokasi tidak berbeda nyata. Selain itu, udang dari kedua lokasi juga tidak memperlihatkan kandungan mikro mineral (seng, besi dan tembaga) yang berbeda. Namun demikian, udang mantis Kuala Tungkal, Jambi memiliki kandungan natrium, kalium dan kalsium lebih tinggi dibandingkan udang mantis Cirebon. Tetapi, udang mantis Cirebon kandungan magnesiumnya lebih baik. Pemasakan dengan media asam dan dengan proses perebusan akan menghasilkan tingkat kelarutan mineral tertinggi. Kata kunci: Udang mantis, Harpiosquilla raphidea, komposisi biokimia, kelarutan mineralThe mantis shrimp, Harpiosquilla raphidea, is a valued crustacean species captured mainly in some Indonesian coastal waters. Yet, the biochemical composition of this species is still inadequately understood. For that reason, the aim of this study was to quantify the content of essential elements of specimens from the Kuala Tungkal, Jambi and Cirebon Coast. The meat yield of the shrimps collected from the two locations are not significantly different. In terms of proximate chemical composition, all chemical characters of the shrimps from Kuala Tungkal, Jambi and Cirebon are not significantly different, except the fat content. As far as the mineral composition is concerned, no differences were observed between either two locations for micro minerals (zinc, iron and copper). However, the shrimps of Kuala Tungkal, Jambi coast showed higher sodium, potassium and calcium contents than those of Cirebon coast. Yet, for magnesium the shrimp of Cirebon had higher content in comparison with that of Kuala Tungkal, Jambi. Media acid with boiling process would bring about the highest solubility of minerals. Key words: Mantis shrimp, Harpiosquilla raphidea, biochemical composition, mineral solubility
Separation Performance of Nanostructured Ceramic Membranes: Analytical Model Development
Authors: Rezakazemi Mashallah , Shirazian Saeed
Published: June 2018

Nanostructured ceramic membranes have shown considerable separation performance. In this work, an analytical model is developed to evaluate the separation performance of porous ceramic membranes in gas separation applications. The model takes into account three layers, i. e., (1) active layer, (2) interlayer, and (3) support layer. For estimation of sorption at the interface of feed stream and membrane, the partition coefficient model was used and the unsteady-state conservation of mass equation coupled to molecular models of the diffusivity coefficient was used to predict the permeation of penetrant hydrogen gas through a ceramic membrane. It was observed that the model can be readily applied to other systems of interest as a predictive tool.
Prevalence of cranial MRI findings in girls with central precocious puberty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cantas-Orsdemir Sena , Garb Jane L. , Allen Holley F.
Published: June 2018

Background

Some pediatric endocrinologists recommend that girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) have cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed only if they are younger than 6 years of age. However, no practice guidelines exist. The objective of this review was to assess the frequency of intracranial lesions in girls with CPP.

Content

We searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and Dissertation & Theses) from 1990 through December 2015. We included studies on girls with CPP and MRI data. Case reports, case series, studies from the same author/group with the same patient population, and studies with conditions predisposing to CPP were excluded. Two physicians independently reviewed the search results and extracted data. A random-effects model was used to obtain pooled prevalence of positive MRI’s across studies. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated with the Q-statistic. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s test. Pooled prevalence was computed by age group. A linear regression assessed the relationship between intracranial lesion prevalence and healthcare availability. We included 15 studies with a total of 1853 girls <8 year old evaluated for CPP.

The pooled prevalence from all studies was 0.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.12]. There was a significant heterogeneity, indicating the appropriateness of a random effects model in computing pooled prevalence. In the few studies stratified by age group, pooled prevalence was 25% in girls <6 years vs. 3% in girls 6–8 of age.

Outlook

Our results support that the benefit of routine MRIs in girls with CPP older than 6 years of age without any neurological concerns is not clear-cut.
The grammaticalization of object pronouns: Why differential object indexing is an attractor state
Authors: Haig Geoffrey
Published: June 2018

While the grammaticalization of person agreement is a widely-cited and apparently uncontroversial topos of grammaticalization theory, the striking differences in the outcome of subject pronoun, and object pronoun grammaticalization, remain unexplained, and the relevant literature continues to assume a unified grammaticalization pathway. This paper argues that the grammaticalization of object pronouns is fundamentally different to that of subject pronouns. More specifically, although object pronouns may be rapid early grammaticalizers, often losing prosodic independence and cliticizing to a verbal head, they do not advance further to reach the stage of obligatory agreement markers typical of subject agreement. Typically, object markers remain at the stage of Differential Object Indexing, where their realization is conditioned by a bundle of semantic and pragmatic factors exhibiting close parallels to those operative in Differential Object Marking. Evidence from language typology, and from the diachrony of person markers across two millennia of Iranian languages, is adduced to back up these claims. Thus the widely-assumed grammaticalization cline for the grammaticalization of agreement needs to be reconsidered; for object agreement, there is evidently an attractor state, that of Differential Object Indexing, beyond which object agreement seldom proceeds. Finally, explanations grounded in discourse data are proposed, which also account for why obligatory object agreement in the category of person is so rare, while gender and number agreement for objects is far less constrained.
Bioactive compounds from bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) extracted by microwave technology
Authors: Muñiz-Márquez Diana B. , Wong-Paz Jorge E. , Contreras-Esquivel Juan C. , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl , Aguilar Cristóbal N.
Published: June 2018

Laurus nobilis leaves contain flavored and bioactive components with relevant biological properties for human health that are attributed to an abundant presence of highly bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the separation process for these bioactive molecules from plant matrix is seriously limited by the presence of a physical barrier (cell wall). Thus, the use of novel extraction procedures to enhance their release is particularly important. In this work, the potential use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) as a tool to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from bay leaves and their characterization was evaluated. The effects of irradiation time (3, 6 and 9 min) and aqueous ethanol concentration (0, 25 and 50%) on the extraction of phenolic compounds were evaluated. A response surface methodology was applied to determine the best extraction conditions by MAE. The maximum total phenolic compound under the best conditions (9 min time irradiation and aqueous ethanol 50%) was 10.63±0.91 mg gallic acid equivalent/g plant using MAE. Also, the antioxidant potential of the extracts obtained was evaluated.
Combined Effects of Self-Myofascial Release and Dynamic Stretching on Range of Motion, Jump, Sprint, and Agility Performance
Authors: Richman Erick D. , Tyo Brian M. , Nicks Clayton R.
Published: June 2018

Richman, ED, Tyo, BM, and Nicks, CR. Combined effects of self-myofascial release and dynamic stretching on range of motion, jump, sprint, and agility performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1795–1803, 2019—Massage has been used as both a pre- and post-exercise modality with purported benefits to flexibility and athletic performance. This study was designed to determine the effect of a 6-minute protocol of self massage known as self-myofascial release (SMR) using a foam rolling device in conjunction with a general warm-up and sport-specific dynamic stretching (DS) session on flexibility and explosive athletic performance in a sample of 14 female collegiate athletes. After familiarization, participants completed 2 testing sessions that began with 5 minutes of jogging at a self-selected pace, followed by either a 6-minute foam rolling session (SMR) or 6 minutes of light walking (LW) and a subsequent 6-minute period of sport-specific DS. Sit-and-reach (SR) was measured after a general warm-up, the SMR, or LW session, and following DS, after which participants performed 3 trials each of squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jump (DJ). Two additional tests, the agility T-Test (TT) and a 10-yd short sprint (SP), were then performed. The change in SR after SMR was significantly greater than the change seen in SR after LW, although the total changes seen in each condition were not statistically different after the addition of DS. Squat jump and CMJ improved by 1.72 ± 2.47 cm and 2.63 ± 3.74 cm (p = 0.070, p = 0.070), with no significant change to DJ, SP, and TT. Self-myofascial release in the form of foam rolling after a general warm-up and preceding a DS session seems to improve SJ and CMJ with no detriment to flexibility, DJ, sprint, and agility performance in comparison with LW and DS.
Effects of 2 Types of Activation Protocols Based on Postactivation Potentiation on 50-m Freestyle Performance
Authors: Cuenca-Fernández Francisco , Ruiz-Teba Ana , López-Contreras Gracia , Arellano Raúl
Published: June 2018

Cuenca-Fernández, F, Ruiz-Teba, A, López-Contreras, G, and Arellano, R. Effects of 2 types of activation protocols based on postactivation potentiation on 50-m freestyle performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3284–3292, 2020—Postactivation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon which improves muscle contractility, strength, and speed in sporting performances through previously applied maximal or submaximal loads on the muscle system. This study aimed to assess the effects of 2 types of activation protocols based on PAP, on sprint swimming performance. A repeated-measures design was used to compare 3 different scenarios before a 50-m race. First, all of the participants performed a standard warm-up (SWU), consisting of a 400-m swim followed by dynamic stretching. This protocol acted as the control. Subsequently, the swimmers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the swimmers in the first group performed the SWU followed by a PAP one-repetition maximum warm-up (RMWU), consisting of 3 “lunge” and 3 “arm stroke” repetitions, both at 85% of the one-repetition maximum. The swimmers in the second group performed the SWU followed by a PAP eccentric flywheel warm-up (EWU), consisting of one set of 4 repetitions of exercises of both the lower and upper limbs on an adapted eccentric flywheel at the maximal voluntary contraction. The time required for the swimmers to swim 5 and 10 m was shorter with the PAP protocols. The swimming velocity of the swimmers who underwent the EWU and RMWU protocols was faster at 5 and 10 m. The best total swimming time was not influenced by any of the protocols. When isolating swimming (excluding start performance and turn), best time was achieved with the SWU and RMWU compared with EWU (SWU: 20.86 ± 0.95 seconds; EWU: 21.25 ± 1.12 seconds; RMWU: 20.97 ± 1.22 seconds). In conclusion, a warm-up based on PAP protocols might exert an influence on performance in the first meters of a 50-m race. Nevertheless, other factors, such as fatigue, could modify swimming patterns and yield results contradictory to those of the desired task.
Fitness Monitoring in Elite Soccer Players: Group vs. Individual Analyses
Authors: Rabbani Alireza , Kargarfard Mehdi , Twist Craig
Published: June 2018

Rabbani, A, Kargarfard, M, and Twist, C. Fitness monitoring in elite soccer players; group vs. individual analyses. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3250–3257, 2020—The aims of this study were to (a) examine changes in group and individual HR measures during a submaximal warm-up test, and (b) investigate the relationship between accumulated internal training loads and HR changes during an in-season phase among elite soccer players (n = 14). Before and after an in-season phase (24 days), exercise HR (HRex) and HR recovery (HRR) expressed either as the number of beats recovered (HRR60s) or as the mean HR (HRpost1) during 1 minute of recovery were analyzed. Heart rate measures were expressed as the % of maximal HR. Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was computed for all training/match sessions. Group and individual HR changes were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Pearson correlation coefficients were also used to examine the relationships. Group analyses of HR changes revealed there were possibly to likely trivial changes in all HR measures. When analyzing individual data, no substantial change was observed for HRR60s%. However, substantial changes in HRex% and HRpost1% were observed for 4/14 and 5/14 players, respectively. The relationships between HRex% and HRpost1% were nearly perfect (r = 0.90, confidence limits [0.82–0.95]). The associations between changes in HRex% and HRpost1% were also nearly perfect (r = 0.92, 0.80–0.97). A very large inverse correlation was observed between HRex% and accumulated sRPE (r = −0.75, −0.44 to −0.90). This study highlights the value of conducting individual vs. group aerobic fitness monitoring. This study also showed the importance of how HRR is reported when aerobic fitness monitoring of elite soccer players.
The Physiological Demands of Youth Artistic Gymnastics: Applications to Strength and Conditioning
Authors: Moeskops Sylvia , Oliver Jon L. , Read Paul J. , Cronin John B. , Myer Gregory D. , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: June 2018

THE SPORT OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS INVOLVES A SERIES OF COMPLEX EVENTS THAT CAN EXPOSE YOUNG GYMNASTS TO RELATIVELY HIGH FORCES. THE SPORT IS RECOGNIZED AS ATTRACTING EARLY SPECIALIZATION, IN WHICH YOUNG CHILDREN ARE EXPOSED TO A HIGH VOLUME OF SPORTS-SPECIFIC TRAINING. LEADING WORLD AUTHORITIES ADVOCATE THAT YOUNG ATHLETES SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING-RELATED ACTIVITIES TO INCREASE ATHLETE ROBUSTNESS AND REDUCE THE RELATIVE RISK OF INJURY. THE PURPOSE OF THIS COMMENTARY IS TO PROVIDE A NEEDS ANALYSIS OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS AND TO HIGHLIGHT KEY ISSUES SURROUNDING TRAINING THAT PRACTITIONERS SHOULD CONSIDER WHEN WORKING WITH THIS UNIQUE POPULATION.
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES), a possible cause of super-refractory status epilepticus. Case report.
Authors: Aponte-Puerto Arbey , Rozo-Osorio Juan David , Guzman-Porras Jennifer Julieth , Patiño-Moncayo Alvaro Daniel , Amortegui-Beltrán Jorge Arturo , Uscategui Angelica María
Published: June 2018

Introducción: El estado epiléptico superrefractario (EES) es una patología con importante morbimortalidad que afecta el ambiente neuronal según el tipo y duración de las crisis.Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de un escolar con estado epiléptico superrefractario y crisis multifocales. Se descartaron causas metabólicas, estructurales, infecciosas, toxicológicas y autoinmunes y se utilizaron diferentes manejos anticonvulsivantes sin respuesta, lográndose control de las crisis 6 semanas después del ingreso a UCI. Se realizó un seguimiento de 12 años, periodo en el que el paciente presentó múltiples recaídas del estado epiléptico asociadas a la presencia de epilepsia refractaria con múltiples tipos de crisis, en su mayoría vegetativas; además se dio involución cognitiva.Discusión: Esta forma de estado epiléptico corresponde al síndrome de estado epiléptico facilitado por fiebre (FIRES), entidad de posible origen inmunológico conocida por ser refractaria al tratamiento agudo y al manejo cró- nico de la epilepsia y que se presenta como secuela. Su evolución no se ha descrito a largo plazo y por tanto no hay consenso sobre el manejo en la fase crónica.Conclusión: Es importante considerar esta etiología en estado epiléptico superrefractario para utilizar de forma temprana diferentes estrategias terapéuticas, como la dieta cetogénica, que permitan, por un lado, controlar su condición crítica y las crisis epilépticas a largo plazo y, por el otro, mejorar el pronóstico cognitivo, logrando así un impacto en la calidad de vida.
Endoscopic management of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Rosa Francisco Ferreira , Santos José Gameiro , Oliveira Jorge , Sousa Cecília Almeida
Published: June 2018

Introducción: El hemangiopericitoma es un tumor vascular poco frecuente en la región nasosinusal que se asocia con epistaxis y obstrucción nasal como principales síntomas. Cuando se presenta en esta región, tiene características clínicas especiales que lo hace diferente de otras localizaciones.Presentación del caso: A continuación se presenta el caso de una paciente de 43 años de edad, con síntomas de obstrucción en fosa nasal derecha y 6 meses de evolución asociados con rinorrea mucopurulenta y epistaxis recurrente del lado derecho. El examen físico mostró una masa obstructiva en el lado derecho con origen en la placa cribriforme. Una tomografía computarizada de los senos paranasales reveló un bloqueo completo de la cavidad nasal derecha por un contenido homogéneo, con densidad de partes blandas, sin captación de contraste evidente. La lesión se extendía hacia el lado superior de la placa cribriforme, sin extensión intracraneal u orbitaria. La paciente fue tratada con cirugía endoscópica y el estudio anatomopatológico reveló un hemangiopericitoma sinonasal. La paciente tuvo remisión completa y se realizó seguimiento por 3 años sin recurrencia.Conclusión: El tratamiento recomendado para el hemangiopericitoma es la escisión quirúrgica total con márgenes libres, cuyos  resultados son generalmente buenos. El riesgo de recurrencia parece estar asociado con una escisión tumoral incompleta. Se presenta una revisión de literatura, así como comentarios sobre sus características principales.
“Transhumanismo”: ¿Un nuevo humanismo? Un dilema fundamental para la bioética
Authors: Quesada Rodríguez Francisco
Published: June 2018

Este artículo conceptualiza y sistematiza brevemente el término “transhumanismo” según algunos escritos de los fundadores de este movimiento cultural y filosófico. La connotación científica y tecnológica del transhumanismo problematiza el concepto tradicional del Humanismo renacentista forjado por las Humanidades. Por eso, para comprender si el transhumanismo constituye un nuevo humanismo, se analiza la Oratio de hominis dignitate (1486) escrita por Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494). El autor italiano destacaba el potencial del “hombre” para superarse por la libertad y devenirse un verdadero ser humano. Según el concepto de “hombre” y “dignidad humana” propuesto por Pico della Mirandola, se interpreta el transhumanismo, considerando las semejanzas y diferencias entre ambos movimientos culturales y filosóficos. Sin embargo, la interpretación de este concepto humanista en relación con el transhumanismo presenta un dilema fundamental para la bioética, a saber: la preservación o la trasformación de la naturaleza del ser humano por la ciencia y la tecnología.
Optimum sample size in quantitative characteristics of seeds of polyembrynic mango
Authors: Arellano-Durán Nely , Villegas-Monter Ángel , Muñoz-Orozco Abel
Published: June 2018

Abstract Determining the sample size in a scientific investigation is important because it gives reliability in the results together with the efficiency in the use of resources and optimization of time. Polyembryony is a characteristic that allows to obtaining clonal and zygotic plants in the same seed. In mango this characteristic is presented, however, there is no information that mentions which is the adequate sample size to evaluate it. The objective of the present work was to determine the optimum sample size by means of the maximum curvature method for future polyembryony studies. Mangoes from the cultivar Manila and Ataulfo were collected from the states of Guerrero and Nayarit, Mexico. In each state, two orchards of each cultivar were chosen, and in each one three trees were selected. In the Fruit Biotechnology laboratory of the Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, five fruit variables were evaluated: weight of fruit, seeds (endocarp and embryos), embryos, weight of the largest embryo and number of embryos. In all the variables evaluated, except for the weight of the largest embryo, the inflection point of the curve was in 6 fruits and an optimal sample size of 8 fruits was determined. The minimum variation coefficients (CV) for fruit weight were from 17.9 to 19.1%, for seed weight 12.7 to 19.3%, embryo weight 12.3 to 17.1% and number of embryos 6.7 to 16.7%. In the case of larger embryo weight, it was determined that 20 fruits are the optimal sample size, obtaining CV from 7 to 22.6%. The fruit and seed weight characteristics were the least variation, and number of embryos with higher CV. The cultivar Manila of Nayarit presented the highest CV in all the variables studied.
TECHNICAL VARIATION IN AFFIXING HAMSTRING GRAFTS TO THE TIBIA IN ACL RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: DANIELI MARCUS VINICIUS , GUERREIRO JOÃO PAULO FERNANDES , QUEIROZ ALEXANDRE OLIVEIRA , PADOVANI CARLOS ROBERTO
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Purpose: To present a technical variation in tibial fixation of quadruple hamstring grafts during anatomic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The secondary purpose was to decrease the costs associated with this procedure. Methods: Twenty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were selected. A tibial tunnel was constructed using standard techniques, and a femoral tunnel was anatomically created using the outside-in technique. The hamstring autograft was passed (with its bend) into the tibial tunnel and affixed to the tibia using the suspensory technique and a simple staple. Femoral fixation was performed using a titanium interference screw. The patients underwent postoperative evaluations at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months using the subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form and Lysholm knee scores. Results: The IKDC and Lysholm score results improved over time (p<0.001) without major complications. The cost of the procedure could be reduced by using lower-cost hardware (staples). Conclusion: The proposed technique for anatomic ACL reconstruction using inverted hamstring grafts with their bend in the tibial tunnel, suspension-type fixation using a staple demonstrated good to excellent results after 1 year of follow up, with lower aggregate costs. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.
USE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TO DIAGNOSE BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURIES
Authors: VERONESI BRUNO AZEVEDO , RODRIGUES MARCELO BORDALO , SAMBUY MARINA TOMMASINI CARRARA DE , MACEDO RODRIGO SOUSA , CHO ÁLVARO BAIK , REZENDE MARCELO ROSA DE
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative findings in patients diagnosed with traumatic injury to the brachial plexus. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of traumatic injury to the brachial plexus admitted to the hand and microsurgery outpatient consult of the Hospital das Clínicas at the University of São Paulo were selected during December 2016. A total of three adult patients with up to six months of injury who underwent surgical treatment were included in the study. A diffusion-weighted sequence magnetic resonance protocol and fluid-sensitive volumetric reformatting sequence were applied. The magnetic resonance results were compared with the diagnoses obtained from the injuries observed during the surgery. The study was double-blind (surgeon and radiologist). Results: A descriptive correlation was found between the magnetic resonance imaging results and the diagnostic findings from the surgeries, for both pre- and post-ganglionic injuries. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging has shown to be a promising diagnostic method in preoperative assessment of brachial plexus lesions; it is less invasive than other common methods, showing not only avulsion lesions but also localized postganglionic lesions in the supra- and infraclavicular region. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
A new species of velvet mite from meridional South America of the genus Clavismaris (Acari, Erythraeoidea, Smarididae, Hirstiosomatinae)
Authors: Ott Ana Paula , Ott Ricardo
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT: A new species of Clavismaris Southcott, 1963 is described from the southern limit of distribution of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest at Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The specimens were collected by pyrethroid tree canopy fogging in preserved mountain slopes forests areas around 120 m of altitude.