bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1. Auks (Alcidae)
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

With key information linked to thematic maps, this section evaluates the climate change vulnerability of six auks (Alcidae) species – Razorbill, Little Auk, Black Guillemot, Atlantic Puffin, Common Murre, and Thick-billed Murre – in the North-East Atlantic. The assessments for every species cover three categories each: the exposure, or the magnitude in percentage and the characteristics of climate change; the sensitivity, or how much and by which climatic events the species are affected, depending on their biological features; the adaptive capacity, or the potential of species to respond to climate change.

Assessments of local conservation actions against climate change impacts are listed here in readily consultable tables. Interventions are evaluated by evidence of effectiveness and grouped by types of impacts on auks: mammal predation, storms causing foraging difficulty and mortality, thermal stress, and reduced prey availability. Criteria of relevance, strength, and transparency measure the actions’ effectiveness.
2. Ducks and Phalaropes (Antidae and Scolopacidae)
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

With key information linked to thematic maps, this section evaluates the climate change vulnerability of ten species of ducks and phalaropes (Anatidae and Scolopacidae) – Long-tailed Duck, Harlequin Duck, Velvet Scoter, Common Scoter, Red-breasted Merganser, Red Phalarope, Red-necked Phalarope, Steller’s Eider, Common Eider, and King Eider – in the North-East Atlantic. The assessments for every species cover three categories each: the exposure, or the magnitude in percentage and the characteristics of climate change; the sensitivity, or how much and by which climatic events the species are affected, depending on their biological features; the adaptive capacity, or the potential of species to respond to climate change.

Assessments of local conservation actions that can be implemented to reduce climate change impacts are listed here in readily consultable tables. This section focuses on the effectiveness of interventions against increasing mammal predation that threatens ducks and phalaropes. Criteria of relevance, strength, and transparency measure the effectiveness of the actions.
3. Gannets and Cormorants (Sulidae and Phalacrocoracidae)
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

With key information linked to thematic maps, this section evaluates the climate change vulnerability of three species of gannets and cormorants (Sulidae and Phalacrocoracidae) – Northern Gannet, European Shag, and Great Cormorant – in the North-East Atlantic. The assessments for every species cover three categories each: the exposure, or the magnitude in percentage and the characteristics of climate change; the sensitivity, or how much and by which climatic events the species are affected, depending on their biological features; the adaptive capacity, or the potential of species to respond to climate change.

Assessments of local conservation actions that can be implemented to reduce climate change impacts are listed here in readily consultable tables. This section focuses on the effectiveness of interventions to limit increased foraging difficulty, mortality, or destruction of ducks and phalaropes’ nests caused by storms. Criteria of relevance, strength, and transparency measure the effectiveness of the actions.
4. Gulls (Laridae)
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

With key information linked to thematic maps, this section evaluates the climate change vulnerability of ten gulls (Laridae) species – European Herring Gulls, Audouin’s Gull, Caspian Gull, Lesser Black-backed Gull, Glaucous Gull, Great Black-backed Gull, Ivory Gull, Black-legged Kittiwake, Sabine’s Gull, and Yellow-legged Gull – in the North-East Atlantic. The assessments for every species cover three categories each: the exposure, or the magnitude in percentage and the characteristics of climate change; the sensitivity, or how much and by which climatic events the species are affected, depending on their biological features; the adaptive capacity, or the potential of species to respond to climate change.

Assessments of local conservation actions against climate change impacts are listed here in readily consultable tables. Interventions are evaluated by evidence of effectiveness and grouped by types of impacts on gulls: increased competition due to mortality, mammal predation, exposure to pollution and heavy metals, reduced area of breeding, foraging, or prey availability, parasite load, and storms causing nest destruction, foraging difficulty, and mortality. Criteria of relevance, strength, and transparency measure the effectiveness of the actions.
6. Petrels and Shearwaters (Hydrobatidae and Procellariidae)
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

With key information linked to thematic maps, this section evaluates the climate change vulnerability of six species of petrels and shearwaters (Hydrobatidae and Procellariidae) – Cory’s Shearwater, Northern Fulmar, Band-rumped Storm-petrel, Leach’s Storm-petrel, European Storm-petrel, and Manx Shearwater – in the North-East Atlantic. The assessments for every species cover three categories each: the exposure, or the magnitude in percentage and the characteristics of climate change; the sensitivity, or how much and by which climatic events the species are affected, depending on their biological features; the adaptive capacity, or the potential of species to respond to climate change.

Assessments of local conservation actions that can be implemented to reduce climate change impacts are listed here in readily consultable tables. This section focuses on the effectiveness of interventions to limit reduced prey availability, increased foraging difficulty, and mortality of petrels and shearwaters caused by storms. Criteria of relevance, strength, and transparency measure the effectiveness of the actions.
7. Skuas (Stercorariidae)
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

With key information linked to thematic maps, this section evaluates the climate change vulnerability of three skuas (Stercorariidae) species – Great Skua, Long-tailed Jaeger, and Arctic Jaeger – in the North-East Atlantic. The assessments for every species cover three categories each: the exposure, or the magnitude in percentage and the characteristics of climate change; the sensitivity, or how much and by which climatic events the species are affected, depending on their biological features; the adaptive capacity, or the potential of species to respond to climate change.

Assessments of local conservation actions against climate change impacts are listed here in readily consultable tables. Interventions are evaluated by evidence of effectiveness and grouped by types of impacts on skuas: increased avian predation, thermal stress, competition due to mortality, and reduced prey availability. Criteria of relevance, strength, and transparency measure the effectiveness of the actions.
Appendices
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Petrovan Silviu O. , Taylor Nigel G. , Sutherland William J. , Pettorelli Nathalie
Published: August 2023

As this is evidence-based guidance, appendix 1 provides references and further details to the first section of each bird species examined so far – auks, ducks and phalaropes, gannets and cormorants, gulls, loons/divers and grebes, petrels and shearwaters, skuas, and terns – for each of the three criteria for assessing climate change impacts: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. This appendix is meant for those who wish to examine the primary sources or find additional reading.

Appendix 2: This appendix provides access to two searchable folders, which include the accompanying methodology and references to the second section of each species – the potential actions in response to climate change. The “Methodology” folder contains information on how the species assessments and the conservation actions were chosen and scored. The “References” folder contains a complete list of all studies used in this guide. The studies documenting the effectiveness of actions on seabirds have been used as the primary evidence base for the second section of each species.
Supporting Advancement in Weather and Water Prediction in the Upper Colorado River Basin: The SPLASH Campaign
Authors: de Boer Gijs , White Allen , Cifelli Rob , Intrieri Janet , Rose Abel Mimi , Mahoney Kelly , Meyers Tilden , Lantz Kathy , Hamilton Jonathan , Currier William , Sedlar Joseph , Cox Christopher , Hulm Erik , Riihimaki Laura D. , Adler Bianca , Bianco Laura , Morales Annareli , Wilczak James , Elston Jack , Stachura Maciej , Jackson Darren , Morris Sara , Chandrasekar V. , Biswas Sounak , Schmatz Benjamin , Junyent Francesc , Reithel Jennifer , Smith Elizabeth , Schloesser Katya , Kochendorfer John , Meyers Mike , Gallagher Michael , Longenecker Jake , Olheiser Carrie , Bytheway Janice , Moore Benjamin , Calmer Radiance , Shupe Matthew D. , Butterworth Brian , Heflin Stella , Palladino Rachel , Feldman Daniel , Williams Kenneth , Pinto James , Osborn Jackson , Costa Dave , Hall Emiel , Herrera Christian , Hodges Gary , Soldo Logan , Stierle Scott , Webb Robert S.
Published: August 2023

Water is a critical resource that causes significant challenges to inhabitants of the western United States. These challenges are likely to intensify as the result of expanding population and climate-related changes that act to reduce runoff in areas of complex terrain. To better understand the physical processes that drive the transition of mountain precipitation to streamflow, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has deployed suites of environmental sensors throughout the East River watershed of Colorado as part of the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrometeorology (SPLASH). This includes surface-based sensors over a network of five different observing sites, airborne platforms, and sophisticated remote sensors to provide detailed information on spatiotemporal variability of key parameters. With a 2-yr deployment, these sensors offer detailed insight into precipitation, the lower atmosphere, and the surface, and support the development of datasets targeting improved prediction of weather and water. Initial datasets have been published and are laying a foundation for improved characterization of physical processes and their interactions driving mountain hydrology, evaluation and improvement of numerical prediction tools, and educational activities. SPLASH observations contain a depth and breadth of information that enables a variety of atmospheric and hydrological science analyses over the coming years that leverage collaborations between national laboratories, academia, and stakeholders, including industry.
The New Version 3.2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly and Daily Precipitation Products
Authors: Huffman George J. , Adler Robert F. , Behrangi Ali , Bolvin David T. , Nelkin Eric J. , Gu Guojun , Ehsani Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2023

The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Version 3.2 Precipitation Analysis provides globally complete analyses of surface precipitation on a 0.5° × 0.5° latitude–longitude grid at both monthly and daily time scales, covering from 1983 to the present and from June 2000 to the present, respectively. These merged products continue the GPCP heritage of incorporating precipitation estimates from low-orbit satellite microwave data, geosynchronous-orbit satellite infrared data, sounder-based estimates, and surface rain gauge observations emphasizing the strengths of various inputs and striving for time and space homogeneity. Furthermore, these analyses incorporate modern algorithms, refined intercalibrations among sensors, climatologies of recent high-quality satellite precipitation data, and fine-scale multisatellite estimates. New data fields have been introduced to better characterize the precipitation, including the fraction of the precipitation that is liquid (rain) in both the monthly and daily products, and a quality index for the monthly product. Compared to the operational GPCP Version 2.3 Monthly, the Version 3.2 Monthly product provides a more reasonable climatology in the Southern Ocean and increases the estimated global average precipitation by about 4.5%, which is similar to estimates from recent global water budget assessments. Global and regional trends for 1983–2020 with this new Monthly dataset are very similar to those computed from Version 2.3. Compared to the operational One-Degree Daily (Version 1.3) product, the new Version 3.2 Daily is designed to better represent the histogram of precipitation rates, particularly at high values and shifts the start of less-certain high-latitude estimates from 40° to 58° latitude in each hemisphere.

Significance Statement

Studies of Earth’s climate require long-term global datasets based on observations to show how the climate functions and to validate numerical climate models. This study describes an important upgrade to the monthly and daily precipitation (rain and snow) products computed by the Global Precipitation Climatology Project. We use modern analysis schemes, add new sources of data, and deliver results on a finer-scale 0.5° × 0.5° latitude–longitude grid [roughly 55 km (34 mi) on a side at the equator]. The new data show improved agreement with other studies and depict more reasonable behavior in the Southern Ocean. The daily product shows improved estimates of how often different intensities of precipitation occur around the world, particularly the high amounts that drive floods and landslides.
Rebooting One’s Professional Work: The Case of French Anesthesiologists Using Hypnosis
Authors: Bourmault Nishani , Anteby Michel
Published: August 2023

Individuals deeply socialized into professional cultures tend to strongly resist breaking from their professions’ core cultural tenets. When these individuals face external pressure (e.g., via new technology or regulation), they typically turn to peers for guidance in such involuntary reinventions of their work. But it is unclear how some professionals may voluntarily break from deeply ingrained views. Through our study of French anesthesiologists who practice hypnosis, we aim to better understand this little-explored phenomenon. Adopting hypnosis, a technique that many anesthesiologists consider subjective and even magical, contradicted a core tenet of their profession: the need to only use techniques validated by rigorous scientific-based research. Drawing on interviews and observations, we analyze how these anesthesiologists were able to change their views and reinvent their work. We find that turning inward to oneself (focusing on their own direct experiences of clients) and turning outward to clients (relying on relations with clients) played critical roles in anesthesiologists’ ability to shift their views and adopt hypnosis. Through this process, these anesthesiologists embarked on a voluntary internal transformation, or reboot, whereby they profoundly reassessed their work, onboarded people in adjacent professions to accept their own reinvention, and countered isolation from their peers. Overall, we show a pathway to such reinvention that entails turning inward and outward (rather than to peers), a result that diverges significantly from prior understandings of professionals’ transformations.
Opioid Use, Disposition, and Parent Satisfaction Following Common Pediatric Surgical Procedures
Authors: Parrado Raphael H. , Patel Kunal J. , Allen Daniel P. , Feuvrier Ariana , Mansfield Julie H. , Cina Robert A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is wide variability in prescribing practices among providers, even for patients undergoing the same operations. Our study aims to analyze the variation in opioid prescription practices using a patient-centered approach to establish more appropriate prescribing guidelines for health care providers.

Methods

We conducted phone surveys 30 days after surgery to assess patient-reported opioid use. Over a two-year collection period, we identified patients that had undergone common outpatient pediatric surgery procedures in our 4-surgeon group. Included in the survey tool was the narcotic prescribed (if any), the amount used, and patient/family rating of pain control.

Results

We collected data for 189 separate procedures (88 umbilical hernias, 30 laparoscopic inguinal hernias, 2 open inguinal hernias, 41 appendectomies, 15 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, and 13 pectus bar removals). Patient age ranged from less than 1 month to 246 months. 83.5% of patients had a narcotic prescribed. The average number of doses used was 4, ranging from 0 (11.3%) to 30 (1.5%). 72.6% of families surveyed felt pain control was appropriate. However, 19.6% did feel they received too much pain medication. 10.6% reported completing their entire prescription; however, only 13.6% of families with excess narcotics reported proper disposal.

Conclusions

Despite heightened awareness of the opioid epidemic, there is still a poor understanding of appropriate pain control regimens in the pediatric surgical population. We demonstrate that most patients are discharged home with excess opioids and that many families save the leftover pills/liquid. Further research and education are encouraged to limit the use of opioids in standard pediatric surgical procedures.
Dante, Matelda, Proserpina
Authors: Deidier Roberto
Published: August 2023

L’articolo si focalizza sulla questione dell’identificazione del personaggio di Matelda a partire dal XXVIII canto del Purgatorio, recuperando ipotesi dibattute dagli studiosi ma ancora legittime, per giungere a un’identificazione plausibile attraverso fonti poco indagate e soprattutto attraverso il paragone con il mito di Proserpina, alla luce delle osservazioni che furono di una grande interprete come Maria Corti. The article focuses on the question of the identification of the character of Matelda starting from the XXVIII canto of Purgatory, recovering hypotheses debated by scholars but still legitimate, to arrive at a plausible identification through little-investigated sources and above all through the comparison with the myth of Proserpina, in the light of the observations that were made by a great interpreter like Maria Corti.
“Il nero è la fame”: Paolo Valera, un mappatore dell’Ottocento
Authors: Chiocchetti Elisa
Published: August 2023

Nel 1901 sulla rivista La Folla, Paolo Valera esprime una sorta di “lezione di metodo”, per cui il suo lavoro di intellettuale sarebbe finalizzato alla realizzazione di una “mappa descrittiva” della plebe milanese, dipinta con i colori più vari, sopra a cui spicca quello nero della fame. Inseguendo la metafora del mappatore, che lo stesso Valera propone, è possibile operare una riflessione sul ruolo demandato da Valera allo scrittore nella moderna società di massa e sullo spostamento di prospettiva della sua produzione dalla città alla folla. L’intero percorso dell’autore è così teso non solo a una maturazione stilistica, ma anche all’acquisizione di un ruolo nuovo, non più assimilabile a quello del palombaro, ma affine a quello dell’intellettuale-proletario. In questa evoluzione permane la tendenza catalogatrice e ordinatrice dello stile valerano, che, sfruttando l’alimentazione come impalcatura e linea strutturale, termina con il delineare una guerra classista del ventre.
Infrastructure Spending and the Regional Financial Development: Evidence from the Eastern African Belt and Road Initiative Countries
Authors: Sakouba Ibrahim , Chen Zhang
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the causal relationship between infrastructure spending and regional financial development in Eastern Africa, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and Uganda, for 2007–2017 within a trivariate vector autoregressive framework. We use the Global Financial Development Database from the World Bank. We extend the conventionally accepted ratio of financial development by including the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) spending as an additional variable. The empirical strategy involves applying the Granger causality tests using the cointegration and vector error correction methodology. We find evidence of a two-way Granger causality: (1) between the BRI spending and regional financial development and (2) between the BRI spending and regional growth. These findings suggest that an increase in infrastructure spending, particularly in transport, telecommunications and energy, positively affects regional financial development in Eastern Africa and increases the unbanked population’s inclusion in the region.
Linking the Mechanics of Chewing to Biology of the Junctional Epithelium
Authors: Yuan X. , Liu B. , Cuevas P. , Brunski J. , Aellos F. , Petersen J. , Koehne T. , Bröer S. , Grüber R. , LeBlanc A. , Zhang X. , Xu Q. , Helms J.A.
Published: August 2023

The capacity of a tissue to continuously alter its phenotype lies at the heart of how an animal is able to quickly adapt to changes in environmental stimuli. Within tissues, differentiated cells are rigid and play a limited role in adapting to new environments; however, differentiated cells are replenished by stem cells that are defined by their phenotypic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that a Wnt-responsive stem cell niche in the junctional epithelium is responsible for the capability of this tissue to quickly adapt to changes in the physical consistency of a diet. Mechanical input from chewing is required to both establish and maintain this niche. Since the junctional epithelium directly attaches to the tooth surface via hemidesmosomes, a soft diet requires minimal mastication, and consequently, lower distortional strains are produced in the tissue. This reduced strain state is accompanied by reduced mitotic activity in both stem cells and their progeny, leading to tissue atrophy. The atrophied junctional epithelium exhibits suboptimal barrier functions, allowing the ingression of bacteria into the underlying connective tissues, which in turn trigger inflammation and mild alveolar bone loss. These data link the mechanics of chewing to the biology of tooth-supporting tissues, revealing how a stem cell niche is responsible for the remarkable adaptability of the junctional epithelium to different diets.
Very Present and Very Real: A Case Study of Regularly Hearing the Voice of the Deceased Without Distress in Bereavement
Authors: Vilhauer Ruvanee P.
Published: August 2023

Although sensory and quasi-sensory experiences of the deceased (SED) have been the subject of much debate, research on the phenomenology of auditory verbal experiences in the bereaved has been neglected. This case study describes the phenomenology of a regularly occurring voice hearing experience and its meaning for a single bereaved individual. The voice of the deceased can be heard as though in external space, and the experience can feel real, even when the death is fully acknowledged. A bereaved individual can welcome and benefit from the experience even when it is not recognized as a normal part of grieving in the individual’s cultural context, when no afterlife belief is present, and when the experience remains unexplained. The case study demonstrates that hearing the voice of the deceased can be a regular occurrence without causing distress or dysfunction and lends support to the idea that SED are a common concomitant of normal bereavement.
Remembering the American Society of Missiology 1973–2023: Remarks at the 50th anniversary banquet celebration
Authors: Whiteman Darrell
Published: August 2023

This article is an address given at the 50th anniversary banquet of the American Society of Missiology, held at St. Mary’s College, Notre Dame on 17 June 2023. A brief history of publishing in the American Society of Missiology is presented.
From conformity to transformation: Discipleship and identity in the context of social conflict
Authors: Ott Craig
Published: August 2023

Around the world social polarization and conflict is being increasingly experienced both in the general society and within church. There is evidence that many Christians are being more influenced by their social affinity groups than by their sense of identity in Christ, contributing to social tensions. This essay addresses the challenge of making disciples who are not conformed to the world but rather transformed (Rom 12:2). An approach is proposed that first defines the nature of discipleship and the importance of fostering a biblical “in Christ” identity among followers of Jesus. Social identity theory is employed both in biblical interpretation and in understanding Christian identity that transcends other identities. Adult learning theories are then used to propose an approach of “disequilibration and reframing” to foster identity formation. Three types of transformative encounters as pedagogical methods are described.
Design and implementation of an adaptive neural network observer–based backstepping sliding mode controller for robot manipulators
Authors: Xi Rui-Dong , Ma Tie-Nan , Xiao Xiao , Yang Zhi-Xin
Published: August 2023

Robot manipulators as an indispensable part of automatic operation are becoming increasingly important in intelligent manufacturing systems, such as grinding and assembly. Although control methods of robot manipulators have been extensively studied, high-precision robots still face new challenges from uncertainties caused by changes in the environment and enhancement of interference. As a consequence, the neural network-based observer is utilized to reduce the influence of uncertainties and external disturbances. In this work, a new kind of nonlinear disturbance observer is designed which could well function with observed states. To improve the control efficiency and response characteristic, a kind of new integral sliding manifold is devised and the control input is generated via backstepping techniques. The stability is proved with Lyapunov theory, and the experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Tracing policy diffusion: Identifying main paths in policy citation networks
Authors: Ba Zhichao , Tang Yao , Liu Xuetai , Xia Yikun
Published: August 2023

Citation-based main path analysis (MPA) has been widely applied to identify developmental trajectories of science and technology, while rarely used to detect paths of policy diffusion. Compared with scientific publications and patents, policy documents show some distinct characteristics, such as citation relationships with different legal validity, which could be considered to improve the policy citation analysis. To this end, this study formally constructs a policy citation network based on a plethora of citing/cited links embedded in the textual content of policy documents and proposes a preference-adjusted main path analysis (PMPA) approach to track historical routes of policy diffusion. PMPA incorporates two kinds of policy citation preferences, including validity bias and time bias. An evidence analysis from China’s new energy policies (NEPs) is implemented to show the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results unveil that the preference-adjusted main path approach can capture more important policies and more informative main paths of policy diffusion than the original MPA. Moreover, our research can yield in-depth insight into the evolutionary process of policy diffusion and provide guidance for policy-makers and industry decision-makers to formulate practical policy-making.
Forgiveness in Marriage: From Incidents to Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Kaleta Kinga , Jaśkiewicz Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

Although marital forgiveness has been found to increase marital satisfaction, no research to date has examined the actual mechanism. This could derive from the ABCM model of marital satisfaction (Hall, 2021), in which disposition to forgive is understood as one of the marriage maintenance strategies contributing to spousal happiness. In two cross-sectional studies, we examined the association between marital forgiveness and satisfaction. We also tested a model in which dispositional forgiveness mediates the link between forgiveness of a particular marital incident and satisfaction with spousal relationship, moderated by transgression severity and apology. The Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and measures of marital satisfaction were used. Positive main effects between forgiveness and multidimensional marital satisfaction emerged. Moderated mediation revealed the mediation effect of dispositional forgiveness, which did not depend on the level of the moderators (severity and apology).
How Does Grandparental Childcare Influence Children’s Efforts?
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Li Yang , Sun Li
Published: August 2023

This study explores the effect of grandparental care with no parents at present on children’s efforts, using the data from China Family Panel Studies from 2010 to 2018. In order to avoid the endogeneity of family childcare decisions, we use two instrumental variables (IVs): community caregiving rate (IVI) and whether the parent is born before 1978 (IVII). We find that grandparental care significantly reduces children’s efforts, and the finding remains robust. The negative marginal effect of this care pattern is more pronounced in rural and middle school children. Compared with parental care, grandparental care has increased the parental fertility intentions and decreased parental involvement and supervision investment to children, which leads them to be more likely to spend time on recreational and non-academic activities.
Knowledge management model for nonprofit sector in Thailand
Authors: Le Quang Ngoc , Tuamsuk Kulthida
Published: August 2023

This investigation presents the findings from nonprofit organizations (NPOs) toward knowledge management model that practitioners and researchers can implement to strengthen NPOs further. The study adopted a mixed-research approach. An in-depth interview was conducted with NPOs operating in Thailand. Furthermore, a national survey was administered to 213 NPOs to examine knowledge sharing enablers, which effectively implemented knowledge management activities. Analysis of quantitative data indicated four enablers, including leadership, trust, technology infrastructure, and organizational culture, were affected significantly by the NPOs. Qualitative findings were updated critical categorizes of knowledge needs in comparing with the previous study. Major findings illustrated the knowledge creation process through four modes: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. The study proposed the knowledge management in NPOs model related to the knowledge-based approach towards a new approach for organizational innovations. This paper contributes to the development of literature in the knowledge management in NPOs domain, primarily the research domain related to knowledge needs and knowledge management practices in the nonprofit sector.
Changes in colloid oncotic pressure during cardiac surgery with different prime fluid strategies
Authors: Beukers Anne Maria , Hugo Juan de Villiers , Haumann Renard Gerardus , Boltje Jan Willem Taco , Ie Evy Loan Khiam , Loer Stephan Alexander , Bulte Carolien Suzanna Enna , Vonk Alexander
Published: August 2023

Objective

In cardiac surgery, colloid oncotic pressure (COP) is affected by haemodilution that results from composition and volume of prime fluid of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the extent to which different priming strategies alter COP is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different priming strategies on COP in on-pump cardiac surgery.

Methods

Patients ( n = 60) were divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each), based on the center in which they were operated and the specific prime fluid strategy used in that center during the inclusion period. CPB prime fluids were either gelofusine-, albumin-, or crystalloid based, the latter two with or without retrograde autologous priming.

Results

In all groups, COP was lowest after weaning from CPB and one hour after CPB. Between groups, COP was lowest with gelofusine prime fluid (16.4, 16.8 mmHg, respectively) compared with crystalloids (MD: -1.9; 95% CI:-3.6, -0.2; p = .02 and MD: -2.4, 95% CI: -4.2, -0.7; p = .002) and albumin (MD: -1.8, 95% CI: -3.5, -0.50; p = .041 and MD: -2.4, 95% CI: -4.1, -0.7; p = .002). In all groups, the decrease in COP one hour after bypass compared to baseline correlated positively with fluid balance at the end of surgery ( p < .001).

Conclusions

COP significantly decrease during CPB surgery with the largest decrease in COP at the end of surgery, while at the same time fluid balance increases. We suggest that prime fluid strategy should be carefully selected when maintenance of COP during cardiac surgery is desirable.
A moderated mediation study of music engagement, adaptive music listening, and dreaming
Authors: Yu Calvin Kai-Ching , Wong Siu-Sing
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to test whether the adaptive functions of music listening would mediate the relation between music engagement and subjective dream intensity and whether this mediation relation would be moderated by the regularity of music listening and level of music training. A total of 236 undergraduate students were invited to complete the Music Engagement Questionnaire, Music Use Questionnaire (MUSE), Adaptive Functions of Music Listening Scale (AFML), and Dream Intensity Scale. The analyses using the PROCESS Marco Models 4 and 75 demonstrated a significant mediation effect of the AFML and significant moderation effects of the MUSE Music Listening and Music Training Indices. This provides the first empirical evidence for the indirect effect of active music engagement on dream intensity via adaptive music listening. In addition, the overall evidence highlights the implication for the significance of music behavior in maintaining mental healthiness. Because an individual’s emotional concerns and difficulty in emotion regulation during waking as reflected by the subconscious process of dreaming are modulated by music behavior and adaptive music listening, directed music engagement for adaptive purposes could form a potential tool for psychological intervention, irrespective of the effect of the regularity of music listening and the background of music training.
Design and Full-Scale Testing of New MASH Test Level 4 (TL-4) Alaska 2-Tube Bridge Rail
Authors: Williams William F. , Moran Sana , Marx Elmer
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this project was to design and test a new Alaska multi-state 2-tube bridge rail meeting the safety-performance evaluation guidelines included in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), Second Edition 2016. The new 2-tube bridge rail designed and tested for this project was crash tested in accordance with MASH Test Level 4 (TL-4). Three crash tests were performed. The new bridge rail is 38 in. tall from the top of asphalt overlay and anchors to a 10 in. high by 18 in. wide curb. The curb was cast on top of a 35 ¾ in. wide deck cantilever that varied in thickness from 6 in. at the extreme field side edge to 12 in. at the exterior girder element. The posts were spaced on 10 ft centers. The posts were anchored to the concrete curb and deck using four 7/8 in. diameter A449 anchor bolts. The two-tube rail elements consisted of two HSS7 × 5 × 3/8 tubular elements. The calculated strength of the design was 77 kip at a height of 30 in. The bridge rail was considered acceptable for strength as per the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Section 13 Bridge Design Specifications. A test specimen of the bridge rail was constructed and crash tested per MASH TL-4. The new two-tube bridge rail met all the performance requirements of MASH TL-4. Details of the design and testing of the new bridge rail are provided in this paper.
Eye in the Sky: 360° Inspection of Bridge Infrastructure Using Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
Authors: Congress Surya Sarat Chandra , Escamilla Jesse , Chimauriya Hiramani , Puppala Anand J.
Published: August 2023

Bridges play a key role in supporting the transportation network in the United States. The 2021 infrastructure report card prepared by ASCE highlighted that more than 40% of bridges in the U.S. are over 50 years old. Some of these bridges are classified as structurally deficient, even though they are safe to travel. To address these challenges, highway agencies are exploring innovative technologies to conduct inspections and realize benefits in relation to access, cost, and safety. Federal and state DOTs have conducted several studies on the application of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) for bridge health monitoring. This study identified the existing knowledge gap in performing 360° inspection of bridges. In this current research, UAVs were demonstrated for conducting 360° inspections of three different bridges in Alaska. The locations of the aerial images during the inspections were also pictographically represented to provide a holistic idea for the highway agencies and practitioners. Three-dimensional models representing the actual conditions of the bridge were generated and used for comparing the bridge condition assessments with traditional inspection reports. Infrared imagery was also collected to identify the effect of thermal loading in assessing the conditions of the bridge elements. The applicability and recommendation scale for the use of UAVs for different bridge inspections was provided. The approach demonstrated in this study is expected to result in more than 90% savings in storage requirements and contribute to an increase in the applications of UAVs for conducting 360° bridge inspections across the U.S.
Behavior of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Plates Encasing Steel H-Piles
Authors: Shrestha Binod , Gheni Ahmed , Abdulazeez Mohanad M. , ElGawady Mohamed A.
Published: August 2023

Steel H-piles are exposed during their service life to wet-dry cycles in combination with salts, such as deicing, that may result in corrosion, leading to cross-sectional loss and reduction in axial load-carrying capacity. This paper proposes an innovative repair method for corroded steel H-piles using ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) plates. The UHPC plates are reinforced with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grids. The UHPC plates bridge the corroded segment so that the axial force bypasses the corroded segment. The UHPC are bolted to the steel H-pile using high-strength bolt connectors (HSBCs). Eleven steel H-piles bolted with UHPC plates were investigated experimentally under push-out loading to quantify the axial force that can be transferred from a steel H-pile to UHPC plates through HSBCs. The examined parameters were the UHPC plate thickness, the diameter of HSBC, and the number of CFRP grid layers. The results were compared with those predicted using different design codes and guidelines. The UHPC plates attached to the steel H-pile could transfer axial loads ranging from 35% to 98% of the steel H-piles’ ultimate axial capacity. Further, the installation of the UHPC plate on a steel pile can be completed in about 2 h with minimal equipment, making it a promising repair candidate in real-world applications.
Route Choice Set Generation on High-Resolution Networks
Authors: Wang Haotian , Moylan Emily , Levinson David
Published: August 2023

This study seeks to find a strategy to capture the most observed trajectories with a minimum number of algorithms. GPS information on 4,538 real trips from 131 travelers in 2008 was collected and analyzed in Minneapolis-St. Paul (the Twin Cities) as part of the I-35W Bridge Collapse study. The high-resolution road network of the Twin Cities includes 108,561 nodes and 277,747 links. Labeling and link penalty approaches are combined to generate alternatives based on either observed or free-flow speed. Overall, with the best 10 labels, on average, 40 unique routes are generated for each origin-destination pair, and around 80% of all observed trips could be captured with an 80% overlap threshold. About 88% of all observed trips have an average deviation within 50 m compared with the best matching result when combining all labels introduced in this study. Freeway-preferred routes cover more observed trips than freeway-avoided routes, and the peak coverage occurs when freeway travel is weighted between 0.8 to 1 of travel on non-freeway links. A random effects panel model is used for predicting the overlap between alternative route and observed trajectory. Multinomial and mixed logit models with a path-size term are applied to model the route selection. These models indicate that alternative routes which are shorter in distance, have faster average free-flow speed, contain a higher freeway percentage, and incur fewer traffic lights, are more likely to have higher overlap with observed trajectories and are more likely to be selected.
The Evolution and Landscape of Under-Resourced Communities in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Hall Matthew , Wial Howard , Yee Devon
Published: August 2023

The authors introduce a new measure of concentrated disadvantage that captures the spatial clustering of poverty. Using U.S. Census Bureau data from 1980 through 2019, the authors show how under-resourced communities have evolved in U.S. metropolitan areas. The share of metropolitan residents who reside in under-resourced communities has steadily grown over time. This upward trend cannot be explained by changes in residents’ economic or demographic characteristics. Yet areas experiencing declining economic conditions, aging populations, and rapid ethnoracial change have had the largest increases. Although under-resourced communities continue to be concentrated in central cities, their incidence in suburban areas has nearly doubled since 1980. Under-resourced communities are becoming more racially diverse, not just because of broader ethnoracial change, but because shrinking shares of Blacks and expanding shares of Whites and Hispanics/Latinos reside in these areas. However, Black residents continue to make up a large share of under-resourced community residents. The broader implications of these patterns are also discussed.
The Role of Boundary-Spanners in the Control of a Chinese Garment Factory in Myanmar
Authors: Hung Alvin Hoi-Chun
Published: August 2023

This research examines the role of intraorganisational boundary-spanners, as mechanisms of workplace control, through an ethnographic study of a Chinese-run garment factory in Myanmar. The findings demonstrate how these intermediaries, rather than facilitating open communication, exerted a restraining influence on their cross-cultural workplace by identifying, dissolving and suppressing the expression of grievances. Wielding relationship-based informal power and position-based formal power, these intermediaries employed various means of persuasion and communication manipulation and disciplinary measures to contain dissatisfaction and maintain stability, whereby workers were directed to abandon their demands and align their expectations with management interests. Merging the literature on labour and management control with that on boundary-spanning in cross-cultural contexts, this article challenges the view that boundary-spanners enhance communication and promote consensus across boundaries, spotlighting the need to examine their activities in light of the profound influence of power dynamics in organisations.
Service design for the transformation of healthcare systems: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Vaz Noe , Araujo Cláudia Affonso Silva
Published: August 2023

There is a growing interest in applying the Service Design (SD) approach to innovate and transform healthcare systems. However, comprehensive studies are scarce. This study systematically reviews the literature on SD initiatives towards healthcare system transformation. The research questions are: How has the SD approach been applied to the healthcare sector? To what extent are the SD initiatives contributing to transform the health systems? What are the main challenges faced by SD initiatives to transform the health system? Which are the main stakeholders involved in the process, and how could they change according to the type of initiative? The search was conducted in March 2021 in eight databases and returned 990 articles evaluated through a research protocol, resulting in 47 studies included in this review. These studies were explored through thematic analysis and considering two conceptual models: the SD approach (Patrício et al., 2020) and the ecosystem perspective (Beirão et al., 2017). The findings show that SD initiatives have been implemented at all levels of the ecosystem, but only 49% (47/23 studies) present a transformative character. The SD initiatives challenges were organized into four themes: (1) Planning SD initiatives as a lever in transforming health systems; (2) Using SD tools creatively; (3) Considering the use of new technologies to transform health systems positively, and (4) Facing the challenges of applying the Experience-Based Design and Experience Based in Co-Design approaches in project development. This study is relevant for helping managers and researchers in their efforts to design truly transformative services with a focus on improving health systems and social wellbeing.
Measurement and analysis of radial force, radial torque and surface integrity in micro-drilling of an Al7075-T6 alloy
Authors: Shukla Shashank , Jain Rahul , Gangopadhyay Soumya
Published: August 2023

Drill tip wandering during the entrance in the workpiece is a significant issue in micro-drilling because it directly affects hole quality, drill bit and dynamic stability. Although radial force and radial torque significantly influence drill tip wandering, measuring these characteristics has always been challenging, particularly due to their extremely low values. Therefore, the current research work aimed at measuring and analysing radial force and radial torque and correlating them with hole quality characteristics for the first time. Micro-holes are drilled on Al7075-T6 workpiece material using the pilot hole drilling technique under a wide range of spindle speeds and feeds. Radial force and radial torque exhibit increasing and decreasing behaviour with spindle speed, indicating the ‘size effect’. The oversize error shows an increasing trend with spindle speed and is closely related to radial force and radial torque. The deformation layer displays an increasing and decreasing pattern with spindle speed, clearly separating size effect regions. Furthermore, under a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), the deformation layer shows a higher possibility of cracks in the shearing region. However, due to the size effect, material accumulation with lesser or no cracks are obtained in the ploughing and transition regions. Hence, this research work clearly shows evidence of the ‘size effect’ and correlates it with radial force and radial torque for the first time. In addition, the impact of radial force and radial torque on hole oversize error and deformation layer in micro-drilling is being reported for the first time.