bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Pengelolaan Data Berbasis Digital Bagian Registrasi Pendaftaran Di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Melati Hutauruk Puput , Khairani
Published: December 2021

Data management is a data place that will become information which will later become health information. Where patient registration if done manually will be slow automatic management of data will have an impact on the quality of hospital services. Therefore digitization is required. The purpose of this study was to see how the implementation of digital-based data management at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Subjects in this study were registration officers who entered 7 people, with the object being not 5M. This research was conducted with a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Instrumentation of interview data and observation checklist. With the TOTAL 3 informants. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative to describe the implementation of data management. Based on the results of the research that there is no one who is not in accordance with the competence, the money is not yet available and adequate, the method is appropriate but has not worked well, the machine is not as expected while the material is in accordance with the competence. Suggestions from researchers are that officers should distribute leaflets (paper leaflets) to the public so that the public can register via cellphones (cellular) and that officers should change the internet speed to MBPS so that the registration process does not occur sluggishly.
Tinjauan Pelaksanaan Review Berkas Rekam Medis Sesuai Standar Manajemen Informasi Dan Rekam Medik (MIRM 13.4) Di Rumah Sakit Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Tahun 2020
Authors: Simanjuntak Esraida , Dasopang Mustamil Alwi
Published: December 2021

One of the parameters for determining the quality of health services in the hospital is data or information from good and complete medical records. Medical records are an important part of helping the implementation of service delivery to patients at the hospital. Standards relating to medical records in SNARS Edition 1 are in the group of hospital management standards, namely Medical Record Information Management (MIRM) regarding medical record document processing including provision, filling of medical records and reviewing medical records. This research method is descriptive with the method of observation. When this research was conducted in July 2020 at the Imelda Hospital Worker Indonesia Medan. The population taken was 705 medical record documents while the sample in this study was 87 medical record documents. Based on the results of the study, in the review the accuracy of returning medical record documents was 57.4% and 42.5% were incorrect. Readability review of ER assessment as much as 63.2%, assessment of Inpatient as much as 56.3%, CPPT as much as 60.9%, approval for action as much as 77%, reports of anesthesia as much as 68.9%. 3 forms of completeness review are complete, namely Education Assessment, rejection and education form (100%). Suggestions in this study are that review officers must be more assertive to remind every doctor or other medical personnel to pay attention to the accuracy of the restoration, the legibility of medical record files and the completeness of medical record documents. As well as regularly socializing the elements of the MIRM 13.4 assessment.
Analisa Persepsi Verifikator Terhadap Kode Tindakan Medis Di RS Umum Citra Bunda Medical Center Padang
Authors: Dewi Mardiawati  , Linda Handayuni
Published: December 2021

Based on the initial survey conducted by researchers, it was found that there were differences in perceptions between code verifiers and BPJS verifiers about medical action codes. In February, there were 15 disease codes with different perceptions, because the hospital had to follow the code based on the BPJS. The research objective was to analyze the perception of medical action codes by verifiers at Bunda Medical Center Hospital.This type of research is qualitative with a phenomonological approach. Research is conducted by in-depth interviews with 1 medical support person, 1 medical committee person, 1 code verifier, and 1 BPJS verifier, using a voice recorder and using interview guidelines. Data were analyzed using the Collaizzi method.The results showed that what hampered the implementation of the verification of medical action codes was that the doctor's writing was difficult to read by the verifier. There are differences in the perceptions of the verifier about the medical action code, where the verification of the medical action code is based on the number of resources used in the service, while the BPJS verifier thinks the medical action code is based on the level of severity or severity level. The conclusion in this study is that the educational qualifications between the BPJS verifier and the verification of medical action codes are not yet appropriate, then the BPJS verifier verifies the code based on the severity level it should be based on the most spent resources.
Pengaruh Pemberian Kode Warna Wilayah Pada Folder Terhadap Ketepatan Penyimpanan Berkas Rekam Medis Di Puskesmas Wadaslintang 1
Authors: Deni Gunawan
Published: December 2021

A Medical records are files containing notes and documents regarding the patient's identity, examination, treatment, actions and other services that have been provided to patients. So that a medical file is strictly protected so that it is not damaged or lost.Based on observations, it was found that there were several files of medical records that were interchanged or not in the normal filling rack. Medical record files can be exchanged due to the large number of regional shelf columns so that alternatives and innovations are needed to increase the accuracy of returning and retrieving medical record files correctly.Troubleshooting efforts are being made, namely by providing a regional color code in the medical record file folder so that errors in taking and returning medical record files can be minimized.Based on the results of observations made by the author, it was found that there was an effect before and after color coding the region in the medical record file folder.
Analisis Trend Dan Grafik Barber Johnson Pada Efisiensi Tempat Tidur Di Rumah Sakit X Kota Bandung
Authors: Rd. Sekar Putri Defiyanti  , Sali Setiatin  , Aris Susanto
Published: December 2021

Trend analysis is a statistical analysis method used for planning and evaluating efforts to minimize risk for the better. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends and barber johnson charts on the efficiency of bed use at X Hospital, Bandung City. This type of research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Observations and interviews were carried out with data processing officers and medical record reporting officers, while secondary data was obtained from RL3 Year 2020 at Hospital X Bandung City. Data analysis using least square trend method and Barber Johnson chart. The results showed that the trend of BOR and BTO in Quarter I-IV of 2020 decreased. The trend of AvLOS and TOI in Quarter I and II increased, while in Quarter III and IV it decreased. Based on the results of the study, it can be analyzed that the use of beds at Hospital X Bandung City in 2020 has not been efficient, only reaching 20-60% while the standard value according to Barber Johnson is 75-85%, but it can be predicted that the TOI indicator will be more efficient, while the BOR indicator , AvLOS, and BTO are increasingly inefficient because their values ​​are getting further away from the predetermined standard values. To increase efficiency in the use of beds, the hospital should evaluate the beds and improve the quality of service.
Evolutionary game theoretic resource allocation simulation for molecular communication
Authors: Caglar Koca  , Meltem Civas  , Ozgur B. Akan
Published: December 2021

Molecular Communication (MC) is an emerging technology using molecules to transfer information between nanomachines. In this paper, we approach the resource allocation problem in Molecular Nano-networks (MCN) from the perspective of evolutionary game theory. In particular, we consider an MCN as an organism having three types of nodes acting as a sensor, relay, and sink, respectively. The resources are distributed among the nodes according to an evolutionary process, which relies on the selection of the most successful organisms followed by creating their offspring iteratively. In this regard, the success of an organism is measured by the total number of dropped messages during its life cycle. To illustrate the evolution procedure, we design a toy problem, and then solve it analytically and using the evolution approach for comparison. We further simulate the performance of the evolution approach on randomly generated organisms. The results reveal the potential of evolutionary game theory tools to improve the transmission performance of MCNs.
Transmission and detection techniques for Internet of Bio-Nano Things applications with static and mobile molecular communication: A survey
Authors: Amit K. Shrivastava  , Debanjan Das  , Neeraj Varshney  , Rajarshi Mahapatra
Published: December 2021

Recent studies have shown that designing communication systems at nanoscale and microscale for the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) applications is possible using Molecular Communication (MC), where two or multiple nodes communicate with each other by transmitting chemical molecules. The basic steps involved in MC are the transmission of molecules, propagation of molecules in the medium, and reception of the molecules at the receiver. Various transmission schemes, channel models, and detection techniques have been proposed for MC in recent years. This paper, therefore, presents an exhaustive review of the existing literature on detection techniques along with their transmission schemes under various MC setups. More specifically, for each setup, this survey includes the transmission and detection techniques under four different environments to support various IoBNT applications: (i) static transmitter and receiver in a pure-diffusive channel, (ii) static transmitter and receiver in a flow-induced diffusive channel, (iii) mobile transmitter and receiver in a pure-diffusive channel, (iv) mobile transmitter and receiver in a flow-induced diffusive channel. Also, performances and complexities of various detection schemes have been compared. Further, several challenges in detection and their possible solutions have been discussed under both static and mobile scenarios. Furthermore, some experimental works in MC are presented to show realistic transmission and detection procedures available in practice. Finally, future research directions and challenges in the practical design of the transmitter and receiver are described to realize MC for IoBNT health applications.
Exploring Thematic Progressions in Two Excerpts From Amma Darko’s Faceless
Authors: Yokossi Daniel T.
Published: December 2021

This study explores thematic progressions in two excerpts from Amma Darko’s Faceless. The study aims at looking into the different types of thematic progressions used in the selected excerpts to decode there-from the deep meanings linguistically encoded by the author. The study further aims at examining how the different thematic progressions used in the studied texts contribute to their cohesion and contextual coherence. The research appeals to the mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology. Via this method, the number of thematic progression patterns identified has been quantified per excerpt to pave the way to the interpretation of the findings that ensued. The study has arrived at impressive results. Among several others available in the interpretation of the findings subsection, Amma Darko has purposefully not used the Split-Rheme Pattern to avoid a complex writing style that would make her writing not accessible to her readership. The simple linear thematic progression and the overriding theme reiteration patterns extensively used in both texts have allowed the author to emphasize the key thematic points of the studied texts. Moreover, the theme reiteration development strategy used in both texts has provided them with clear focuses. Some of these include skin bleaching, tradition and marriage in Africa, street children, women’s life conditions in Ghana to name but a few. For deeper meanings decoding in the studied excerpts, further studies on discourse-semantics, contextual coherence, conjunctive and lexical relations, as well as experiential and interpersonal meanings could pick up from this article findings.
Bogarászat mesterfokon : 40 év a múzeum szolgálatában. Merkl Ottó (1957-2021)
Authors: Szél Győző , Grabant Aranka , Vig Károly
Published: December 2021

Merkl Ottó 1981. szeptember 1-től 2021. február 19-én bekövetkezett haláláig dolgozott első és egyetlen munkahelyén, a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum Állattárában, a Bogárgyűjteményben, 1985-től gyűjteményvezetőként, 2021. február 12-től tárigazgatóként. Egyik legfontosabb tevékenységének a rábízott gyűjtemény fejlesztését tartotta. Összesen 164 tudományra új fajt és 1 alfajt írt le (valamint 2 fajcsoport-nevet is közölt helyettesítő névként). 33 genuszcsoport-nevet is felállított (ezekből 3-at helyettesítő névként), valamint 1 családcsoportnevet (helyettesítő névként). Tudományos munkáinak száma 248, emellett 137 ismeretterjesztő írást publikált, online megjelenéseinek a száma 111. Egyik legjelentősebb műve a Vig Károllyal közösen írt Bogarak a pannon régióban, amely a magyarországi bogárfaunát közérthető formában mutatja be. A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum gyászbogártípusainak (Tenebrionidae) katalógusa a másik kiemelkedő alkotása, melyet Grabant Aranka és Soltész Zoltán kollégáival írt. A megemlékezéshez három melléklet tartozik: (1) Merkl Ottó szakirodalmi munkásságának jegyzéke; (2) Merkl Ottó által felállított család-, genusz- és fajcsoport-nevek listája, és (3) Merkl Ottó tiszteletére elnevezett genusz- és fajcsoport-nevek. Kilenc ábrával.
Engaging Non-State Armed Groups and Gangs in Peace Process in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Sujata
Published: December 2021

The peace process in Nepal has been slow and fragile with many hurdles and drawbacks. Nepal is in the crossroad to peace and democracy- there is still a long road ahead for establishing a democratic country. This article traverses through the critical juncture of the country’s history by analyzing the situation of eastern Tarai in the context of an increasing number of youths joining non-state armed groups and forces. This development had led to insecurity in the region and can seriously derail the ongoing peace process in Nepal. This article is based on the in-depth interviews conducted with the armed group members, local youth and community elders. The field work spanned almost two years from early 2009 to the end of 2010. The findings show that the motivations of armed groups are as varied as their respective nature of operation. The paper provides the implication of these groups to the ongoing peace process in Nepal and offers some recommendations toward restoring peace and rebuilding normal lives and livelihoods.
Is Foreign Aid Making A Difference? A Case Study of Sagarmatha National Park Forestry Project, Khumbu, Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Chet , Bardecki Michal
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a community stakeholder approach to evaluating the effectiveness of foreign aid and NGO involvement in an impacted community. The focus of the study, the Sagarmatha National Park Forestry Project (SNPFP), has operated in the Khumbu region for more than thirty years. The success of foreign aid and NGO activities was assessed by interviewing key informants with regard to their experience and perceptions concerning the project. The implications of this study include the recommendation that local people are the best source of information to measure foreign aid and NGO performance in a remote community. Furthermore, the future of natural resource conservation and rural development led by foreign aid depends on collaboration between the local people, NGOs and government.
Public Land Movement in Nepal: Expanding Coverage and Diminishing Achievements
Authors: Sapkota Mahendra
Published: December 2021

In many countries of the developing world, the dominant development discourse is being contested by the emergence of different kinds of social movements and the land rights movements in agrarian socieites is not an exception. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the land governance is largely based on state-centric epistemology and less on the pro-poor discourse of movement and struggle. Building on this critique, this paper highlights different issues, challenges and opportunities of the land-based movements particularly in context of western Tarai region of Nepal. The central proposition of the paper is that there are some significant implications and research gaps to be analyzed under the emerging discourse of “land movement” in Nepal. It therefore argues that ‘public land management’ and ‘public land movement’ are two mutually contested phenomena with contradicting actors, strategies, policy gaps, empirical dilemmas and shifting of power dynamics.
Weak Institutional Interaction: Reason for Poor Agricultural Extension Services Delivery in Nepal
Authors: Devkota Kamal , Thapa Dhanej , Dhungana Hari
Published: December 2021

Institutional pluralism, privatisation and decentralisation of extension services are priority sectors of Nepal’s agricultural extension strategy. With the approach of public private partnership in agriculture, new actors like agro-vet, NGOs, private agro- farm, breeding centres, seed and fertilizer companies have grown considerably in the past decades. This has called a need to outline in detail how institutions communicate and co-operate with each other to forge an effective consolidation for achieving food security, livelihoods and other goals. This paper tries to see current process of agricultural institutional interaction and explore different hurdles in effectively reaching to farmers. With the review of literatures, policy documents and empirical evidences collected from local practitioners and observation of field settings from two districts of Nepal, this paper argues that the existing pattern of institutional interaction for the agricultural intensification is weak. The open political environment and incentive of selling seeds, pesticides and agriculture equipments has resulted into unprecedented rise of agrovets, equipment vendors and dealers—and with time they are becoming more and more influential, having very close links with the farmers. Agriculture extension system remains poorly coordinated among government organisations and NGOs and also has limited communicative links to groups and associations of farmers.
Water Security and Inclusive Water Governance in the Himalayas
Authors: Admin Admin
Published: December 2021

How does a social justice framing help understand local peoples’ claims over natural resources?

 How do power relations shape water access and distribution between core and fringe areas in Nepali towns ?

What dynamics of conflict over water resources are emerging in the urbanising mid-hill towns of Nepal?

How are civil-society groups responding to large dam projects in the Eastern Himalaya region of India?

What issues and opportunities the newly formed local governments in Nepal are facing in implementing inclusive water governance ?

How can participatory community engagement transform gender relations in agriculture and water management?

How do agrarian structures affect groundwater access for irrigation in Nepal’s Tarai Madesh?

How can local experts contribute to inclusive water governance?
Cash and Climate: The Potential Role of Cash Transfers in Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Rajouria Alok
Published: December 2021

It is now evident that the consequences of climate change falls disproportionately upon the poor and vulnerable populations. With increasingly unpredictable and erratic rainfall, droughts, floods, and the consequent crop failures, the lives and livelihoods of low-income groups are in constant and increased threat. The national and local adaptation plans, on one hand, strategically aim to strengthen the livelihoods and resilience of vulnerable households, cash transfers as a part of the national social protection program, on the other hand, are effectively employed for poverty reduction and strengthening the resilience of vulnerable groups. While both embody clear and overlapping objective of reduction of poverty and vulnerability to shocks, they are functioning independently, sans coordination. As social protection mechanisms are increasingly integrated with climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in other developing and emerging economies, this article introduces the concept of adaptive social protection and its relevance to the challenges of climate change in the context of Nepal. This policy-relevant paper is based on literature review and secondary sources. Literature gathered and reviewed for this paper include publications derived through online searches using carefully selected keywords. Nepal’s national social protection system is analysed for its potential in managing climate risks, when it is interfaced with the Local Adaption Plan of Actions (LAPA). This article pursues the research question: how can the social protection system be made more shock responsive and adaptive to climate-induced disasters? It concludes with the call for innovative cash-based policy mechanisms that utilise vulnerability mapping of LAPAs, and proactively address poverty, vulnerability and other constraints to human development while being responsive to climate-induced disasters.
Dinamika Historis dan Distingsi Islam Asia Tenggara
Authors: Saleh Hairus
Published: December 2021

Asia Tenggara merupakan sebuah kawasan di mana mayoritas penduduknya memeluk agama Islam. Tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa Islam masuk ke Asia Tenggara melalui jalan damai dengan proses-proses islamisasi. Hal itu, merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari perkembangan Islam di Asia Tenggara. Topik mengenai sejarah Islam di Asia Tenggara menjadi perbincangan di antara para sejarawan hingga kini. Perdebatan mengenai sejarah munculnya Islam di kawasan tersebut terfokus pada isu tentang asal usul dan perkembangan Islam di kepulauan Asia Tenggara. Kemunculan Islam di Asia Tenggara merupakan kebangkitan yang dikondisikan sejarah, budaya politik serta lingkungan lokal dan etnis. Oleh sebab itu, makalah ini ingin membahas dinamika sejarah perkembangan Islam di Asia Tenggara.
Barn på Cuba og i Norge
Authors: Kibsgaard Sonja
Published: December 2021

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Børns sociale og kulturelle betydninger: Et barnløst perspektiv på børn
Authors: Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine
Published: December 2021

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Saenger Pedrero, Cony-Brunhilde, Jorge Ariel Ramírez Pérez y Miriam de la Cruz Reyes (coords.) (2020). Universidad y diversidades desde la interdisciplina. Cuernavaca: Juan Pablos Editor/Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos
Authors: Navia Antezana Cecilia
Published: December 2021

La interdisciplina constituye el núcleo en torno al cual las y los autores de este libro intentan pensar la universidad y sus diversidades. A ello se abocan 16 autores, investigadores y profesores universitarios, como estudiantes de posgrado, formados desde diversas disciplinas, como educación y diseño curricular, sociología, ciencias e ingeniería química, psicología y educación física. Como profesora universitaria e investigadora, he podido encontrar, en los ocho capítulos que componen la obra, puntos comunes y temas que me invitan, y nos convocan, a repensar nuestras universidades, su organización y sus posibilidades frente a una mirada interdisciplinar. Los textos permiten mirar críticamente las formas en que ejercemos el trabajo de investigación, de docencia, el acercamiento o el alejamiento respecto a las comunidades con las que estamos trabajando o en las cuales están ancladas nuestras instituciones.
Los rostros de Pierre Bourdieu en América Latina
Authors: Suárez Hugo José
Published: December 2021

El artículo repasa el impacto de la sociología de Pierre Bourdieu en Bolivia y en México. En el caso boliviano se retoma sus posicionamientos políticos contra el neoliberalismo, y las consecuencias en los movimientos sociales. En México, la recepción de su obra fue más bien universitaria y no política, y se instaló una agenda de investigación en diversos campos del saber. Estas dos experiencias muestran las diversas maneras de “apropiación” del pensamiento bourdeano.
Rutas de la seda sudamericanas: China en las economías populares regionales
Authors: Tassi Nico , Jiménez Tania
Published: December 2021

El artículo abarca las modalidades de penetración de empresas y mercancías chinas en los mercados populares regionales y evidencia las articulaciones, vínculos y circuitos globales que se van cristalizando en estos procesos. El tipo de relacionamiento entre China y los mercados populares regionales parece poner en cuestión conceptos como el “Consenso de Beijing” o la “Cooperación Sur- Sur” e inducirnos a reflexionar en nociones y vínculos de lo global de otra índole
Análisis de lluvia ácida en la ciudad de Nueva Loja, provincia de Sucumbíos
Authors: Carrera Oscullo Pablo D. , Vaca Álvarez Lenin S. , Segura Chávez Edison O. , Taco Ugsha Miguel A.
Published: December 2021

La lluvia ácida es un fenómeno relacionado principalmente con la quema de combustibles fósiles, la cual libera a la atmósfera sustancias promotoras de ácidos, que con las precipitaciones retornan a la superficie afectando a los ecosistemas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer un diagnóstico sobre lluvia ácida en la zona urbana de Nueva Loja. Se consideraron 23 sitios de muestreo para medir el pH y conductividad de las lluvias durante los meses de mayo y junio de 2019. La mayoría de los sitios estudiados presentaron lluvia ácida (pH < 5.60); la media del pH más baja fue 4.81 y la media más alta fue 6.45. La conductividad presentó valores muy variables, la media de la conductividad más baja fue 3.34 μS/cm y la media más alta fue 19.76 μS/cm. Se identificaron fuentes de emisión de gases precursores de lluvia ácida relacionadas con la explotación y transporte de petróleo dentro de la ciudad y sus alrededores. Finalmente, se estableció una línea base de datos con los sectores de mayor incidencia en lluvias ácidas representada en un mapa de isolíneas modeladas mediante el software ArcGIS Pro.
Comparison Of Retinopathy And Hearing Impairment In Poorly Controlled Diabetics In Population Of Muzaffarabad AJK
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Hafiz Mudsar , Nazir Munazza , Munir Zarnab , Rafique Rubina , Shahzad Awan Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Aim: Prevalence and comparison of retinopathy and sensorineural hearing loss in poorly managed diabetics Methodology: A cross sectional study was designed with the approval of the Ethical Review Board Committee. The study enrolled 50 people who met the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric data were collected using standardized procedures. All laboratory assays were performed on the initial visit to the diabetes research center's laboratory. Tuning fork and PTA examinations of the ears were performed. The scores of Rinne and Weber were recorded and synchronised. Fundoscopy was used in ophthalmic investigations. Results: The Rinne test was found to be normal in 50(100%) cases of population while Weber’s test was centralized in 43(86%) of patients, 1(2%) case was lateralized to right, 5(10%)cases were lateralized to left, 1(2%) case had moderate disease. PTA scores revealed mild disease in 1(2%), moderate 14(28%), severe 1(2%) and 34(68%) patients showed normal results. Fundoscopy demonstrated normal results in 11(22%), Grade 1 retinopathy in 15(30%), grade 2 RP in 17(34%) and grade 3 RP in 7(14%). Conclusion: Retinopathy is more prevalent with poorly managed diabetic individuals in contrast to hearing impairment. Key words: Retinopathy, Fundoscopy, Diabetes mellitus
Hepatoprotective Role of Virgin Coconut Oil and Neem Extract in Acetaminophen Induced Liver Toxicity
Authors: Abbasi Aftab , Mawani Hina , Pathan Ghulam Nabi , shaikh Aftab , Sodhar Abdul Samad , Soomro Umair Ali
Published: December 2021

Aim: To study the comparative hepatoprotective effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract in acetaminophen (Paracetamol) induced liver toxicity. Methods: About 60 mixed population of rats (male/female) of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley species were randomly selected for the proposed study and are segregated into four equal groups. Every group contains 15 animal subjects. Group A was the control group given normal diet. In Group B, the rats were treated with a single dose of 2gm / kg body weight paracetamol, orally. Simultaneously, Group C were given an oral Neem extract of 500mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks days in combination with single dose of Paracetamol, while Group D were provided with 6.7ml/Kg/body weight Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) for 15 days. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 with level of significance being kept at p-value ≤0.05. Results: The mean values of ALT were 23.1, 100.5, 29.85, and 31.09 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. While, the mean values of AST were 25.6 U/L (Group A), 41 U/L (Group B), 19.3 U/L (Group C), and 15.2 U/L (Group D). The ALP showed maximum response indicated by the mean values of 221 U/L, 444 U/L, 241 U/L, and 243 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. Group B suggested the paracetamol induced liver toxicity indicated by the increase in hepatic DMEs right after the acetaminophen induction. Conclusion: Azadirachta Indica and Virgin Coconut Oil displayed hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to Paracetamol. Keywords: hepatic, Drug Metabolizing enzymes, Acetaminophen, Virgin coconut oil, Neem extract, Paracetamol, Wistar
Antioxidative Role of Azadirachta Indica Vit. E in Restoration of Histopathological changes in Acetaminophen induced liver
Authors: Sodha Jawad Mumtaz , Abbasi Aftab , Mawani Hina , Pathan Ghulam Nabi , Soomro Umair Ali , Khowaja Sehar
Published: December 2021

Aim: To study the comparative effect of Acetaminophen induced liver toxicity with aqueous extract of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and vitamin E on the basis of liver Histopathology. Methods: Sixty Wistar Rats of both sexes were split into four groups. Each group contained 15 animals. The control group was group A, Group B was treated orally with single dose of Paracetamol 2 mg / kg by weight, Group C was administrated orally with aqueous Neem extract 500 mg/kg +2 mg/Kg by weight oral Paracetamol, and Group D was given orally paracetamol+Neem extract+Vitamin E with 100mg/Kg/body weight for 15 days. Rats from all groups were decapitated, the liver was sliced, and liver tissues were taken for histological examination. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, embedding in paraffin followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin dye (H&E) and observed under 400x magnification with a digital microscope. Results: On Histopathological examination of the rat`s liver in we found that the control group had a normal appearance, colour, and uniform surface without any necrosis. Group B showed severe necrosis and haemorrhagic patches. In comparison, Group C revealed normal appearance, colour, and smooth surface with no necrotic alterations. Livers from the group D looked virtually normal in terms of colour, undersurfaces, and organ weight. However, hepatoprotective effects were observed in the Group C and D. Therefore, we can conclude that Azadirachta indica and Vitamin E could serve as a good medication for defence against liver injury. Conclusion: Our findings showed thatextract of Azadirachta Indica and Vitamin E exhibited hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar rats that were subjected to Acetaminophen. Key words: Azadirachta Indica leaf extract, Vitamin E, hepatoprotective Paracetamol, Wistar rats.
Perception of the Educational Environment of Post-graduate Residents in Teaching Hospitals across Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Saed Aftab , Anwar Aftab , Tahir Hamza , Mohydin Mahnoor , Gauhar Fatima , Aslam Rabia , Sajjad Kumail , Haider Zaidi Wali
Published: December 2021

Aim: To evaluate the perception of educational environment of post-graduate residents in teaching hospitals of Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in four tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan from January 2020 to November 2020.The Post-graduate Hospital Education Environment Measure (PHEEM) inventory (40 items on a 0-4 Likert scale) was distributed among 195 post-graduate residents of multiple specialties by convenience non-probability sampling technique. Response was recorded into three subscales which included perception of teaching, role of autonomy and social support. The total score of these three domains had a combined maximum and minimum of 160 and 0, respectively. Results: Cumulative mean score obtained in our study showed a total score of 23.69 ± 16.247 / 56 for the theme: Perception of Role of autonomy, 24.17 ± 16.928 / 60 for Perception of Teaching and 19.35 ± 13.224 / 44 for Perception of Social Support. Conclusion: There are no drastic flaws in the post-graduate medical education residency-training program currently running in Pakistan. However, there is need for further improvement in teaching attitude of instructors and the need to eradicate discriminatory behavior felt by the post-graduate residents in certain circumstances. Keywords: Perception, Educational environment, Postgraduate Residents, Pakistan
A comparison of Lidocaine and Ketamine for prevention withdrawal from injection of Rocuronium.
Authors: Ahmad Khaleel , Zaheer Baber , Tabassam Sumara , Iqbal Sohail , Durrani Naveed Ahmed , Hyder Imran , Nishat Mufassar
Published: December 2021

Aim : To make comparison of the effects of lidocaine and ketamine in preventing withdrawal moments linked with IV injection of rocuronium . Methods: About sixty candidates (ASA I & II) were chosen for this case research and categorized into two groups via aid of random number table in such a manner that each group contained 30 individuals. Candidates belonging to group A were administered ketamine in the dosage of 0.5mg/kg that was diluted in 2ml whereas group B candidates were administered 2ml of 1% lidocaine. On the dorsum of the hand, 20 gauge cannula will be inserted intravenously and candidate will be administered midazolamin doage of 0.02mg/kg intravenously for five minutes before coming into in the Operation theatre. After arrival of candidate , non-invasive routine monitoring of the candidates will be carried out and free fluid flow fluid via cannula will be assured by gravity with aid of IV fluid as normal saline. At room temperature, the syringes will be placed. Administration of drugs will be carried out via the injection port of intravenously cannula with a free fluid flow intravenously. Results: In case of ketamine , the prevalence withdrawal movements was recorded as 43.3% and lidocaine as 40%. In case of both research groups, the mean withdrawal scores were similar (P value two tailed = 1.0 (>0.05). Two candidates among these individuals i-e one from each groups depicted generalized response (3.3%). No noteworthy difference was recorded in case of lidocaine and ketamine for preventing withdrawal moments after administration of injection of rocuronium. Conclusion: Equal effectiveness of lidocaine 1% and Ketamine 0.5mg/kg 2ml (20mg) was recorded in deducing withdrawal moments after administration of injection of rocuronium intravenously . Keywords: Lidocaine, ketamine, withdrawal movements
Predictive Markers of First Line Failure of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in HIV Positive Patients in Pakistan
Authors: Aslam M. Waqar , Ghuman A. Ashar , Sadaqat Saveela , Ullah Saif , Akram M. , Faheem Ali , Bashir Naila , Saqib Zaeem-Ul- , Laique Talha
Published: December 2021

Background: HIV treatment centres register HIV positive patients, specially trained doctors prescribe Antiretroviral Therapy to the selected cases that fulfill the criteria for initiation of HAART. Aim: To establish predictive markers of failure of 1st line ART in HIV positive patients on first line ART under treatment in HIV Treatment Centre of PIMS Islamabad. Study design: Retrospective case control study. Methodology: Retrospective case control study done at HIV Treatment Centre at PIMS Islamabad. Cases were patients who failed 1st line ART and started on second line ART from November 2005 to June 2020. Patients responding well to first line ART since more than five years or more were taken as controls. Various factors were analyzed in both groups and compared to find their level of significance. Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 25 as qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: CD4 count of all 38 patients was below 300 on diagnosis. In 21 patients (55.3%) CD4 count initially increased but there was no rise in CD4 count in 17 patients (44.7%) after start of 1st line ART. Conclusion: We concluded that CD4 count is one of the most important predictive markers in success or failure of ART. Rising number of CD4 count on follow up visits gives a strong indication that patient is responding well to the prescribed treatment and is likely to benefit from the current regimen of ARVs for a longer period in future. Keywords: Predictive Markers, CD4 count, Viral Load, HIV, ART, Compliance and Co-morbidities
TRANSFER FİYATLANDIRMASI YÖNTEMLERİ: UYGULAMASI, OLUMLU VE OLUMSUZ YANLARI
Authors: KAYA Recep
Published: December 2021

Dünyadaki küreselleşme bütün sosyal alanları etkilediği gibi ekonomik ilişkileri ve işlemleri de yoğun şekilde etkilemektedir. Ekonomik alandaki bu etkinin önemli sonuçlarından birisi de şirketlerin mal ve hizmet satışlarından en yüksek fayda (kardan daha geniş anlamda kullanılmıştır) sağlayacak fiyatı tespit etmeye yönelik uyguladıkları transfer fiyatlandırmasıdır. Bu çalışmamızda hem ekonomik gelişmenin hem de küreselleşmenin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan transfer fiyatı ve bu fiyatı belirlerken uygulanan yöntemler üzerinde durulmuştur. Her bir yöntemi açıklamanın yanında yöntemlerin olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri vurgulanmış; çalışmanın son bölümünde de bu yöntemlerin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde, transfer fiyatlandırması uygulamasında belli işlemler için ya da belli sektörler için mutlak geçerli bir transfer fiyatlandırması yöntemini en uygun yöntem olarak söylemenin mümkün olamayacağı; transfer fiyatlandırmasında yöntem seçiminin, içinde bulunulan sektör, işleme konu malın özellikleri vb birçok etkene bağlı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
ÖRGÜTSEL SESSİZLİK VE İŞKOLİKLİK İLİŞKİSİ: BİR LOJİSTİK FİRMA ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: ÇETİN Cemile
Published: December 2021

Çalışmada, örgütsel sessizlik ve işkoliklik ilişkisi İzmir’de faaliyet gösteren bir lojistik firmasının beyaz yakalı çalışanları örnekleminde ele alınmıştır. Tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle dağıtılan anketlerin 92’si (%67,64) analiz edilmiştir. Örgütsel Sessizlik için 28 soruluk Çakıcı (2007) tarafından geliştirilen ve Soycan (2010) tarafından uyarlanan ölçek kullanılmıştır. İşkoliklik için 17 soruluk Schaufeli, Taris ve Bakker (2006) tarafından geliştirilen Doğan ve Tel (2011) tarafından uyarlanan DUWAS ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ana hipotez, “Örgütsel sessizlik ile işkoliklik arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır” olarak tanımlanmıştır ve analiz sonucunda hipotez red edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde demografik değişkenlerin frekansları, güvenilirlik testleri, T-testi, Anova testi ile korelasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cinsiyet, eğitim ve örgütte çalışma süresi ile ilgili ilişki bulunamamıştır. Yaş ile örgütsel sessizlik ve işkoliklik arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunurken, benzer bir sonuç medeni durum ile işkoliklik arasında da elde edilmiştir. Örgütsel sessizlik ve işkoliklik ile yaş arasındaki ilişki 40-43 yaş aralığında yüksektir. Evlilerin işkoliklik düzeyleri bekarlardan yüksek bulunmuştur.
BITCOIN ÜZERİNE TWITTER VERİLERİ İLE DUYGU ANALİZİ
Authors: KOCA Gözde
Published: December 2021

Kripto para birimleri 2009 yılında ilk Bitcoin'in ortaya çıkışından bu yana finansal sistemin önemli bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Özellikle de son zamanlarda finansal sistem içerisinde potansiyel değişiklikler meydana getirerek, toplumsal karşılığı ve gelecekteki beklentileri hakkında daha çok gündemi meşgul etmeye başlamıştır. Bu gündem sosyal medya sitelerinde daha çok görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Twitter’da #Bitcoin olarak atılan Tweetlerin duygu analizi incelenmiştir. Bunun için Orange Data Mining programı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Bitcoin konusunda baskın bir sevinç duygusunun olduğu ve yatırımcıların Bitcoin aldıklarında kendilerini mutlu hissettikleri görülmüştür.
How does the Spatial Plane Shade into the Psychological Plane in Alice Munro’s Short Story “Train”? An Analysis of Point of View in Fiction from a Different Point of View
Authors: ŞAHİN Ufuk
Published: December 2021

Boris Uspensky, in his A Poetics of Composition (1973), offered a model for the study of point of view in fiction. His model was later revised and refined by British linguist Roger Fowler in his Linguistic Criticism (1986). The Fowler-Uspensky model encompasses four planes: the ideological plane, the temporal plane, the spatial plane, and the psychological plane. In his Stylistics, Paul Simpson also avers that most writers prefer to construct a spatial perspective that shifts “almost seamlessly into the cognitive field of a character.” (2004: 80) One conspicuous example of this last case is a short story called “Train” written by Canadian writer Alice Munro. Thus, by using various stylistic tools such as deixis, techniques of speech and thought presentation, and transitivity, the overarching aim of this study is to analyze how the point of view on the spatial plane jells into the psychological plane in “Train”.
İletişim Teknolojilerindeki Dönüşümün Gündem-Belirleme Sürecine Etkisi Üzerine Kuramsal Tartışmaların Değerlendirmesi
Authors: YAŞİN Prof. Dr. Cem Yaşin , CETIN Muharrem , CENGİZ Can , SÖNMEZ Büşra
Published: December 2021

Son yıllarda medya teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler, özellikle yeni medyanın ortaya çıkışı kitle iletişim araştırmalarında köklü bir dönüşümü beraberinde getirmiştir. Etki çalışmaları özelinde bakıldığında gerek kitle iletişim araştırmalarının, gerekse de izleyicilerin yaşadığı dönüşümün iletişim araştırmalarında anlamlı bir karşılık bulduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, internet içerikleri ve özellikle Twitter odaklı gündem belirleme yaklaşımı çalışmalarında kuramın geçirdiği dönüşümlerin incelenmesidir. Söz konusu araştırmalardaki kuramsal inşa ve araştırmaların metodolojik tasarımının ortaya konulması çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Bu kapsamda 16 çalışma üzerinde yapılan incelemede; gerek birinci düzey, gerekse ikinci düzey gündem belirleme araştırmalarında önemli araştırma alanlarından biri olan Twitter ve diğer yeni medya mecralarının üçüncü düzey gündem belirleme araştırmalarında da önemli bir yer edindikleri görülmektedir. Üçüncü düzey gündem belirleme ve ağ analizi çalışmalarının, özellikle seçim kampanyalarına anlamlı bir ilgi göstermekle birlikte, toplumsal hareketlere de önem verdikleri dikkat çekmektedir. İncelenen araştırmalarda sadece sıradan kullanıcılara değil, siyasal ve kurumsal aktörlere de odaklanılmaktadır. Ancak yeni iletişim teknolojilerine yönelik gündem belirleme çalışmalarının, keskin bir farklılaşmaya işaret ettiğini söylemek son derece zordur.
Kafkas Vaşağında (Lynx lynx dinniki) Nervus Phrenicus’un Orijini, Seyri ve Dağılımı
Authors: ARI Hasan Hüseyin , TAKCI Lutfi , KURU Nilgun
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma, Kafkas vaşaklarının (Lynx lynx dinniki) nervus phrenicus’unun orijin, seyir ve dağılımını makroanatomik olarak açığa çıkarmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla üç dişi ölü hayvan materyalinin damar sistemi temizlendikten sonra %10 formaldehit ile kadavrası hazırlandı. Daha sonra bu materyallerin çift taraflı nervus phrenicus’u canalis vertebralis’ten çıkış yerinde, boyunda ve cavum thoracica’da diseke edildikten sonra sinirin orijini, seyri ve dağılımı fotoğraflanmıştır. Elde edilen resimler fotoğraf işleme programında bilgisayarda işlenerek bu makalede sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, 6. ve 7. servikal spinal sinirlerin ventral dallarının canalis vertebralis’i terk ettiği, nervus phrenicus’un omurganın ventralinde 8. servikal spinal sinir seviyesinde bu sinirlerin ventral dallarının birleşmesinden oluştuğu görülmüştür. Boyun bölgesinde trachea’nın sağ ve solunda seyreden sinirin apertura thoracica cranialis’ten cavum thoracica’ya girdiği, mediastinum craniale’de arteria subclavia dextra ve sinistra ile vena cava cranialis arasından geçtiği ve bu bölgede pericardium’a bir dal verdiği belirlenmiştir. Mediastinum medium’da basis cordis’in üzerinden, v. cava cranialis ve aorta’nın dallarına komşu olarak mediastium caudale’ye ulaştığı, burada akciğerin mediastinum’a bakan yüzünde caudale doğru seyrederek centrum tendineum’a vardığı ve centrum tendineum’un kubbe bölümünün solundan diaphragma’ya girdiği tespit edilmiştir. Nervus phrenicus’un diaphragma’da centrum tendineum üzerinde dorsal ve ventral dallara ayrılarak diaphrama’nın pars muscularis’ine dağıldığı görülmüştür. Bu araştırmada, Kafkas vaşağının nervus phrenicus’unun boyunda, mediastinum craniale, medium ve caudale’deki seyri ile diaphragma’daki dağılımının kedilerdeki dağılımı benzemesine rağmen sinirin oluşumuna kedilerden farklı olarak 4. ve 5. servikal spinal sinirlerin katılmadığı saptanmıştır. Yabani hayvanlarda plexus brachialis’i oluşturan spinal sinirlerin ventral dalları ve bu plexus’tan çıkan dalların seyri, dağılımı üzerine daha fazla araştırma yapmak gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.
El quiebre en la autopista educativa: ¿un currículum para seguir sin parar o para cambiar de rumbo?
Authors: Guerrero Lacoste Sebastian , Cárdenas Alarcón Constanza
Published: December 2021

La irrupción del COVID-19 obligó a los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe a generar múltiples respuestas educativas para dar continuidad a los programas de estudios establecidos. Sin embargo, más allá de las políticas gubernamentales y las propuestas de los organismos internacionales para enfrentar la crisis, han emergido ideas, experiencias y proyectos que han tomado en consideración el contexto que han vivido las y los estudiantes al interior de las propias escuelas y comunidades educativas. En este documento utilizamos la metáfora del viaje para comentar algunos elementos en torno al trabajo de los profesores y profesoras en el contexto de la pandemia, focalizándonos en particular en una experiencia de trabajo colaborativo y construcción curricular participativa que tuvo lugar en una escuela particular subvencionada de la región metropolitana de Santiago, considerando además las condiciones estructurales del sistema educativo chileno que han sido determinantes para hacer de este viaje, un viaje mucho más complejo.