bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeated footshock stress induces an escalation of cocaine self-administration in male and female rats: Role of the cannabinoid receptor 1
Authors: Gaulden Andrew D. , Tepe Erin A. , Sia Eleni , Rollins Sierra S. , McReynolds Jayme R.
Published: February 2023

Stress is a significant contributor to the development and progression of substance use disorders (SUDs) and is problematic as it is unavoidable in daily life. Therefore, it is important to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the influence of stress on drug use. We have previously developed a model to examine the contribution of stress to drug-related behavior by administering a stressor, electric footshock stress, daily at the time of cocaine self-administration in rats resulting in an escalation of cocaine intake. This stress-induced escalation of cocaine intake involves neurobiological mediators of stress and reward such as cannabinoid signaling. However, all of this work has been conducted in male rats. Here we test the hypothesis that repeated daily stress can produce an escalation of cocaine in both male and female rats. We further hypothesize that cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) signaling is recruited by repeated stress to influence cocaine intake in both male and female rats. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats self-administered cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/inf, i.v.) during a modified short-access paradigm wherein the 2-hr access was separated into 4-30 min self-administration blocks separated by 4-5 min drug free period. Footshock stress produced a significant escalation of cocaine intake similarly in both male and female rats. Female stress-escalated rats did display greater time-out non-reinforced responding and greater “front-loading” behavior. In males, systemic administration of a CB1R inverse agonist/antagonist Rimonabant only attenuated cocaine intake in rats with a history of combined repeated stress and cocaine self-administration. However, in females, Rimonabant attenuated cocaine intake in the no stress control group but only at the highest dose of Rimonabant (3 mg/kg, i.p.) suggesting that females show a greater sensitivity to CB1R antagonism. However, female rats with a history of stress showed even greater sensitivity to CB1R antagonism as both doses of Rimonabant (1, 3 mg/kg) attenuated cocaine intake in stress-escalated rats similar to males. Altogether these data demonstrate that stress can produce significant changes in cocaine self-administration and suggests that repeated stress at the time of cocaine self-administration recruits CB1Rs to regulate cocaine-taking behavior across sexes.
Static and dynamic analysis of in-vivo imaging for early-detection of lymphedema via near-infrared fluorescence indocyanine green lymphangiography
Authors: Cheon Hwayeong , Lee Sang-Hun , Kim Sang Ah , Kim Bumchul , Suh Hyunsuk Peter , Jeon Jae Yong
Published: February 2023

Background

Near-infrared fluorescence indocyanine green (NIRF-ICG) lymphangiography, a primary modality for detecting lymphedema, which is a disease due to lymphatic obstruction, enables real-time observations of lymphatic flow and reveals not only the spatial distribution of drainage (static analysis), but also information on the lymphatic contraction (dynamic analysis).

Methods

We have produced lymphatic obstruction models in upper limbs through the dissection of proximal lymph nodes (LNs) and radiation (dissection limbs). After the model formation during 1 week, the static and dynamic analysis using NIRF-ICG lymphangiography were performed for six weeks. The drainage pattern and leakage of lymph fluid were observed and time-domain signals of lymphatic contraction were measured in the distal lymph vessels. The obtained signals were converted to the frequency-domain spectrums using the signal processing.

Results

The results of both static and dynamic analyses proved to be effective in accurately identify the extent of lymphatic disruption in the dissection limbs. The static analysis showed abnormal drainage patterns and an increased leakage of lymph fluid to the periphery of the vessels compared to the control limbs. Meanwhile, the waveforms were changed and the frequency of the contractile signals was increased by 58% in the dynamic analysis. Specifically, our findings revealed that regular lymphatic contractions, observed at a frequency range of 0.08 ∼ 0.13 Hz in the control limbs, were absent in the dissection limbs. The contractile regularity was not fully restored until the end of the follow-up, indicating a persistent lymphatic disruption in the dissected limbs.

Conclusion

The dynamic analysis was consistent with the static analysis, and it could detect the abnormalities of lymphatic circulation by observing the characteristics of signals without the need for a control group. As NIRF-ICG lymphangiography is currently used in clinical practice, our findings may be useful for the early detection of the lymphatic circulation problem.
LINE-associated cryptic splicing induces dsRNA-mediated interferon response and tumor immunity
Authors: Zheng Rong , Dunlap Mikayla , Lyu Jingyi , Gonzalez-Figueroa Carlos , Bobkov Georg , Harvey Samuel E. , Chan Tracey W. , Quinones-Valdez Giovanni , Choudhury Mudra , Vuong Amy , Flynn Ryan A. , Chang Howard Y. , Xiao Xinshu , Cheng Chonghui
Published: February 2023

RNA splicing plays a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Exponential expansion of intron length poses a challenge for accurate splicing. Little is known about how cells prevent inadvertent and often deleterious expression of intronic elements due to cryptic splicing. In this study, we identify hnRNPM as an essential RNA binding protein that suppresses cryptic splicing through binding to deep introns, preserving transcriptome integrity. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) harbor large amounts of pseudo splice sites in introns. hnRNPM preferentially binds at intronic LINEs and represses LINE-containing pseudo splice site usage for cryptic splicing. Remarkably, a subgroup of the cryptic exons can form long dsRNAs through base-pairing of inverted Alu transposable elements scattered in between LINEs and trigger interferon immune response, a well-known antiviral defense mechanism. Notably, these interferon-associated pathways are found to be upregulated in hnRNPM-deficient tumors, which also exhibit elevated immune cell infiltration. These findings unveil hnRNPM as a guardian of transcriptome integrity. Targeting hnRNPM in tumors may be used to trigger an inflammatory immune response thereby boosting cancer surveillance.
The Care Burden and Influencing Factors of Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia
Authors: Li Laiyou , Sun Ning , Wang Hongyin , Fan Chaoyan , Li Hongyu , Yang Shuang
Published: February 2023

Objective

To analyze the current state of care burden of dementia caregivers and determine the influencing factors.

Methods

Using the questionnaire survey method, 600 family caregivers of older adults with dementia in five communities in Ningbo (China) were investigated from March to August 2022.

Results

The average score of care burden of dementia was 52.36 ± 12.08. The total score of social support for older adults with dementia ranged from 19 to 56, with the average score being 34.79 ± 9.54. The total score of social support and the score of each dimension were negatively correlated with the total score of the care burden and the score of each dimension, with the correlation coefficient being between 0.490 and 0.689 (p <0.05). Six factors affecting the burden of care for family caregivers of older adults with dementia were total social support score, dementia level, monthly family income, years of care, educational level, and the duration of daily care for older adults with dementia (all p <0.001).

Conclusion

The care burden of older adults with dementia is significant, with many influencing factors. Therefore, it is necessary to relieve the care burden of family caregivers through education support programs, self-efficacy training of caregivers, breathing care services, and psychological counseling to improve the quality of life, and relieve the pressure of social counseling and social support.
Investigating the impact of authenticity of social media influencers on followers' purchase behavior: mediating analysis of parasocial interaction on Instagram
Authors: Agnihotri Durgesh , Chaturvedi Pallavi , Kulshreshtha Kushagra , Tripathi Vikas
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The current study has drawn attention to investigating the impact of social media influencers’ (SMIs) authenticity on followers buying behavior by using followers who have an ongoing relationship with an influencer and are knowledgeable about the influencer. The study further intends to reveal the mediating effect of parasocial interaction on the relationship between SMI's authenticity and followers' purchase behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The study has analyzed data from an online survey of 458 participants (Instagram followers) using structured equation modeling (CB-SEM) to investigate the relationship among authenticity attributes, parasocial interaction and followers' purchase behavior.

Findings

CB-SEM results reveal that authenticity attributes positively influence followers' buying behavior. The findings from mediation analysis specify that parasocial interaction mediates the relationship between authenticity attributes (sincerity, truthful endorsement and visibility) and buying behavior excluding expertise, uniqueness attributes.

Practical implications

The findings of the study reinforce the need to use authentic influencers by the marketers for the brand endorsements. Further, the findings of the study can benefit marketers in implementing strategic practice of social media influencer marketing.

Originality/value

The study overcomes the limitations of preceding studies by using Instagram followers who are well-informed about SMIs and have an ongoing relationship with them. This study has uniquely combined the behavioral data from real influencer campaigns with followers' assessment of an influencer's authenticity.
Assessing the effects of transformational leadership on innovative behavior: the role of affective commitment and psychological capital
Authors: Azinga Samuel Awuni , Obeng Anthony Frank , Ellis Florence Y.A. , Ansah Martin Owusu
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study examines the impact of transformational leadership on employees' innovative behavior via the mediating role of employee affective commitment and the moderating effect of psychological capital.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 555 employees from Ghana's textiles and dress-making industry through a three-wave self-administrated questionnaire participated in this study. The study's hypotheses were analyzed using Hierarchical Regression.

Findings

Results revealed that the dimensions of transformational leadership positively influenced employee affective commitment and employees' innovative behavior. Furthermore, employee affective commitment positively influenced employees' innovative behavior. Moreover, employee affective commitment exercised mediation effects in the relationship between transformational leadership and employees' innovative behavior. Hope and Optimism moderated the employee affective commitment and employees' innovative behavior relationship. Self-efficacy negatively moderated the employee affective commitment and employees' innovative behavior relationship. Staggering, resilience had no moderation impact on the employee affective commitment and employees' innovative behavior relationship.

Practical implications

The research provides guidlines to employers to prioritize training and development, institutionalize coaching and promote policies and investment that help to uphold employees’ positive emotions and positive psychological development.

Originality/value

This study tests the mediating role of employee affective commitment and moderating role of psychological capital in relation to transformational leadership and employees' innovative behavior. In addition, it assesses the interactive outcome of positive affect and positive psychological development of employees, which has attracted less theoretical and empirical deliberations.
Construction stakeholders' knowledge on zero carbon initiatives in New Zealand
Authors: Nidhin Bindhu Kumari Sreekandan Nair , Domingo Niluka , Bui Thao Thi Phuong , Wilkinson Suzanne
Published: February 2023

Purpose

In light of climate change, the design and construction of buildings needs to shift from conventional to lower-carbon practices to maximise carbon reduction. Over the past few years, the zero carbon buildings (ZCBs) approach has been promoted worldwide as an effective way to reduce environmental impacts and mitigate climate change. Although zero-carbon policies, technologies, processes and products are widely available in the construction market, construction stakeholders play an important part in adopting relevant strategies to implement ZCBs successfully. This study investigates the knowledge of construction stakeholders involved in the design and construction of buildings regarding zero carbon initiatives in New Zealand.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted using a literature review and an online questionnaire survey with various New Zealand's construction stakeholders.

Findings

The findings indicate a low level of knowledge regarding the design and construction of ZCBs. To successfully deliver ZCBs, the study suggests that construction stakeholders must have their self-awareness increased, especially in improving knowledge of whole-of-life embodied carbon reduction. The governments and construction sectors should devote more effort to establishing training programmes and knowledge-sharing platforms to improve stakeholder knowledge in carbon literacy, building assessment methods, energy modelling and life cycle assessment.

Originality/value

The research implications may assist the real-world uptake of the ZCBs approach by offering academics and practitioners an insight into the ZCBs knowledge gaps.
Variations in strategic change cycle: Thailand's office board of investment, tri-county foundation and UN Women Egypt as case studies
Authors: Magued Shaimaa
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Combining two organizational change theories, life cycle and organizational development, this study examines how strategic change cycle has been adopted and implemented across three different organizations, a public organization, an NGO and an intergovernmental organization toward achieving their goals.

Design/methodology/approach

This study triangulates three different qualitative research methods: open-ended semi-structured interviews conducted with UN Women Egypt's director, text analysis of the three organizations' websites and the discourse analysis of the Tri-County Foundation's leaders.

Findings

Strategic change cycle has been differently formulated, adopted and implemented by the three organizations based on their goals, resources and contexts. While Office Board of Investment adopted a comprehensive reactive change, Tri-County Foundation followed a partial proactive transformation and UN Women Egypt developed a partial reactive strategy. Henceforth, public organizations and nonprofit organizations can develop different strategies of change in function of needs, resources, goals and context.

Originality/value

This study advances a theoretical framework on organizational change by integrating two theories, life cycle and organizational development, presenting four patterns of change: comprehensive reactive, comprehensive proactive, partial reactive and partial proactive.
Understanding the role of organizational agility in the context of digital transformation: an integrative literature review
Authors: Gong Cheng , Ribiere Vincent
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the conceptual confusion in the extant literature about organizational agility and explore its role in different relationships in the context of digital transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrative review of the relevant literature on agility was conducted. The literature on organizational agility and other variables in recent quantitative research was also examined to explore its role in different relationships.

Findings

Organizational agility is the ability to quickly respond and proactively embrace unanticipated changes in dynamic environments through effective resource reconfiguration and rapid decision-making. The role of organizational agility in achieving digital transformation has not been addressed from a holistic conceptual perspective. This paper addresses that gap and proposes that organizational agility is the underlying mechanism for an organization to fully use and engage its workforce, operation and network in the process of digital transformation.

Research limitations/implications

This research is an integrative review of the existing literature on the concept of agility and its relationships. The next phase of research needed for theory building will be the operationalization of constructs.

Practical implications

Organizations should strive to strategically develop both the reactivity and proactivity sides of organizational agility in achieving digital transformation that involves fundamental changes at different levels of the organization.

Originality

This paper explores the role of organizational agility in digital transformation through an integrative review of the relevant literature.
Discussing Patients in Private and in Print: The Records of an Eighteenth‐Century Dispensary
Authors: Cunynghame Daisy
Published: February 2023

This essay studies the variation between the ways in which physicians wrote about their patients in private and their presentation of these case histories to the wider world in print. Focusing particularly on the case of Andrew Duncan, who founded the Edinburgh Public Dispensary in 1776, this paper will investigate the differences detailed in Duncan's handwritten case notes with the ways in which he chose to portray these patient cases in his published works. This paper will argue that not only does Duncan demonstrate a tendency to exaggerate the positive outcomes from his treatments but also his published works simplify the diagnoses performed on dispensary patients. The self‐editing which is apparent in his medical publishing includes the omission of details of the range of complaints individual patients suffer from and exclusion of certain disease categories, including hysteria, from the printed record. This paper will argue that a historiographical focus on printed material such as disease studies and annual reports can result in the distortion of information regarding diagnosis, medical outcomes, and the relationship between patient and practitioner during the eighteenth century.
Medicating Georgia: Writing Doctors in the Old South
Authors: Ingram Allan
Published: February 2023

This essay looks at two medical families in Georgia between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Kollocks from Savannah and the Fort family from Milledgeville. Lemuel Kollock (1766–1823) moved there in 1792 from Connecticut to set up a medical practice. He married and had two sons and a daughter (Phineas, 1804–1872; Mary, 1806–1885; and George, 1810–1894). Phineas became a doctor and returned south after qualifying to practise in Savannah. The correspondence covers the social and professional contexts of practice, as well as the challenges of life and work in a climate like Georgia. A striking picture emerges of the place and importance of medicine in people's lives. Tomlinson Fort (1787–1859) was a native Georgian who set up in medicine in Milledgeville in 1810. He developed a wider public profile than Kollock, both as a doctor and in banking and politics. Most significantly, he published in 1849 his Dissertation on the Practice of Medicine, written in clear jargon‐free English, which gives a detailed and practical perspective on health in the deep South. These surviving writings allow us to examine the place of medicine within the distinctive conditions of the society of the time.
‘Make the Medick Art my Whole Concern’: Poetry as Women's Literary Medical Practice
Authors: Blackwood Ashleigh
Published: February 2023

The act of writing has long been acknowledged as integral to eighteenth‐century medical practice, with medical practitioners relying on their ability to communicate via the written word for professional success. Partly as a result of their literary activities, the achievements of male physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries are frequently well‐documented, yet the same cannot be said of women engaging in medical work. This essay argues that eighteenth‐century women's medical practice extended into their creative writing, with numerous women writers utilising poetry as a central form of authoritative expression on matters of health. Verse offered opportunities to scrutinise, advise on, and influence medical knowledge and practice. Print and manuscript works by authors Jane Barker (1652‐1732), Martha Hodges (fl.1675‐1725), and Susanna Blamire (1747‐94), serve a variety of functions, including arguing for women's medical education, reimagining the workings of the body, and advocating holistic forms of practice that unite physical and emotional forms of care.
‘Meanders of [the] Purple Flood’: Blood and Bloodletting in Eighteenth‐Century Literature and Medicine
Authors: Meek Heather
Published: February 2023

This essay considers understandings and representations of blood and bloodletting in a range of eighteenth‐century medical and literary texts. Reflecting a historical moment of complex and uneven transition, these texts present models of blood that are variously orthodox, idiosyncratic, and imaginative. Representations of bloodletting, in particular, show doctors and laypeople, including women, contesting, welcoming, and orchestrating the therapy, which could both injure and soothe. Taken together, the texts this essay explores reinforce, refute, and enlarge humoral, mechanist, rational–empirical, vitalist, and other master paradigms, commonly conceiving body, mind, spirit, and earth as intricately connected and illustrating how medical ideas in this period were formed not merely through the consensus of an elite group of male authorities but also through the co‐existence of a range of variable, oftentimes conflicting, theories; through dissent and debate; through the voices of non‐experts; and through a reliance on the creative imagination.
‘The Doctor and Devil’: The Literary Writing of Slave‐Ship Surgeons
Authors: Faubert Michelle
Published: February 2023

In the annals of writing by physicians from the long eighteenth century, there exists a neglected subset that demands greater attention: the writing of slave‐ship surgeons. Such physicians existed on many slave ships, and they were required to attend the crew and kidnapped Africans during the Middle Passage to the colonies. They were also required to keep meticulous records, which became the basis for some of the most powerful evidence brought to bear by parliamentary committees tasked with investigating the slave trade in Britain. I argue that the literary productions of slave‐ship surgeons, such as Thomas Trotter's Sea‐Weeds (1829) and Thomas Boulton's The Sailor's Farewell (1768), can also shed light on their experiences. The writings of slave‐ship surgeons offer an intriguing glimpse into the cognitive dissonance these doctors felt in answering their calling in circumstances designed to undermine its basic principle: to treat and foster human life.
Fish species lifespan prediction from promoter cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine density
Authors: Budd Alyssa M. , Mayne Benjamin , Berry Oliver , Jarman Simon
Published: February 2023

Lifespan is a key attribute of a species' life cycle and varies extensively among major lineages of animals. In fish, lifespan varies by several orders of magnitude, with reported values ranging from less than 1 year to approximately 400 years. Lifespan information is particularly useful for species management, as it can be used to estimate invasion potential, extinction risk and sustainable harvest rates. Despite its utility, lifespan is unknown for most fish species. This is due to the difficulties associated with accurately identifying the oldest individual(s) of a given species, and/or deriving lifespan estimates that are representative for an entire species. Recently it has been shown that CpG density in gene promoter regions can be used to predict lifespan in mammals and other vertebrates, with variable accuracy across taxa. To improve accuracy of lifespan prediction in a non‐mammalian vertebrate group, here we develop a fish‐specific genomic lifespan predictor. Our new model includes more than eight times the number of fish species included in the previous vertebrate model (n = 442) and uses fish‐specific gene promoters as reference sequences. The model predicts fish lifespan from genomic CpG density alone (measured as CpG observed/expected ratio), explaining 64% of the variance between known and predicted lifespans. The predictions are highly robust to variation in genome quality and are applicable to all classes of fish; a taxonomically diverse and speciose group. The results demonstrate the value of promoter CpG density as a universal predictor of fish lifespan that can applied where empirical data are unavailable, or impracticable to obtain.
Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis and malignant phenotype: A promising therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Rui , Wang Zhiping , Lu Tianzhu , Liu Yuzhen , Ji Yulong , Yu Yilin , Tou Fangfang , Guo Shanxian
Published: February 2023

Background

The budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles (BUB) family is involved in the cell cycle process as mitotic checkpoint components. Abnormal proliferation is a vital process in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Nevertheless, the roles of BUB1 in LUAD remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value and biological functions of BUB1 in LUAD using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), clinical LUAD samples, and in vitro experiments.

Methods

The expression, prognostic significance, functions, immune infiltration, and methylation of BUB1 in LUAD were comprehensively analyzed using TCGA, GEO, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Metascape, cBioPortal, MethSurv, and cancerSEA databases. Furthermore, we performed a battery of in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to verify the bioinformatics results.

Results

Multivariate analysis revealed that BUB1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 1.499, p = 0.013). Functional enrichment analysis showed that BUB1 was correlated with cell cycle, proliferation, DNA repair, DNA damage, and invasion (p < 0.05). Finally, in vitro experiments showed that downregulation of BUB1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD cells and promoted LUAD cell apoptosis. IHC also showed that BUB1 was overexpressed in LUAD (p < 0.001) and was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our bioinformatics and IHC analyses revealed that BUB1 overexpression was an adverse prognostic factor in LUAD. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BUB1 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in LUAD. These results indicated that BUB1 was a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target in LUAD.
The relation between trait flow and engagement, understanding, and grades in undergraduate lectures
Authors: Smith Alyssa C. , Ralph Brandon C. W. , Smilek Daniel , Wammes Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2023

Background

Much work has focused on inattention in the classroom, examining how episodes of task‐unrelated thought (i.e., mind wandering) and engagement with various forms of media (e.g., media multitasking, smartphone use) influence retention of lecture material. However, considerably less work has examined factors that may positively influence attentiveness in lectures.

Aims

We aimed to explore whether the trait‐level tendency to experience ‘flow’—defined here as the subjective experience of deep and effortless concentration—is related to in‐class reports of engagement and understanding during undergraduate lectures, as well as academic performance.

Sample

Participants were undergraduate students in Psychology at a University in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

We measured trait flow (i.e., deep, effortless concentration) at the beginning of each semester, and assessed engagement and understanding during lectures via experience sampling probes throughout two semesters in several university courses. Experience sampling probes were presented intermittently using a laptop application. We also measured students' trait mind wandering and grit, and collected students' course grades.

Results

The general tendency to experience deep, effortless concentration predicted engagement and understanding in lectures throughout the term, as well as final course grades, over and above students' grittiness and tendency to mind wander.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the everyday tendency to experience flow extends to a classroom environment and has implications for academic success.
Daratumumab, bortezomib and dexamethasone at first relapse for patients with multiple myeloma: A real‐world multicentre UK retrospective analysis
Authors: McMillan Annabel , Basu Supratik , Karunanithi Kamaraj , Parkins Elizabeth , Lau Edward Yan Ming , Cook Gordon , Parrish Christopher , Al‐Kaisi Firas , Pratt Guy , Shafeek Salim , Jenkins Stephen , Memon Danish , Bygrave Ceri , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Maisel Tara , Hassan Sandra , Moosai Shivir , Chander Gurvin , Rakesh Pallav , Kishore Bhuvan , Karim Farheen , Talbot Georgina , Wandroo Farooq , Yong Kwee , Popat Rakesh
Published: February 2023

Daratumumab, bortezomib and dexamethasone (DVd) is approved for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma following the CASTOR phase 3 clinical trial. This retrospective multicentre analysis assesses the overall response rate (ORR) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in routine clinical practice for patients at first relapse treated with DVd incorporating weekly bortezomib. Data were collected from 296 sequential patients treated across 15 UK centres. After a median follow‐up of 21 months, the ORR was 82% (26% partial response, 56% very good partial response or better) and the median PFS was 16 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 12–20 months]. Results were similar regardless of prior lenalidomide exposure. The median time to next treatment was 20 months (95% CI 15–25 months) and the estimated overall survival at two years was 74%. Patients with high‐risk features (by cytogenetics, International Staging System or extramedullary disease) and those treated within 18 months of initiation of progression‐free treatment, or within 12 months of autologous stem cell transplant, had significantly inferior outcomes. The grade 2 and 3 peripheral neuropathy rate was 7%. DVd with weekly bortezomib was effective in a heterogenous real‐world population at first relapse with a low rate of peripheral neuropathy. However, high‐risk patients had inferior outcomes and should be considered for alternative treatments.
The roles of moral sensitivity and father presence on the relationship between violent video game exposure and aggression among left‐behind adolescents
Authors: Li Jiayu , Zhang Xiaoli , Du Qian , Zhan Danni , Gao Xuemei
Published: February 2023

This cross‐sectional study explored the relationship between violent video game exposure (VVGE) and aggression in left‐behind adolescents (LBAs) in China, taking into account the effects of moral sensitivity and father presence. A cluster sampling design was applied in this study; we recruited 615 adolescents (45.85% male, age range 12–18 years, Mage = 14.70 years, SD = 1.66) from China. The results by using SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS macro showed that VVGE was positively associated with LBAs' trait aggression and its items, and moral sensitivity played a partial mediating role in these relationships. Moreover, father presence moderated VVGE and LBAs' trait aggression, verbal aggression and hostility. Specifically, at a high level of father presence, the direct effect of VVGE on trait aggression was significantly moderated by increasing the level of father presence, whereas this moderating effect was not significant at a low level of father presence. The results were similar for verbal aggression and hostility. Thus, moral sensitivity and father presence should be considered in prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing LBAs' aggression.
Species distributions models may predict accurately future distributions but poorly how distributions change: A critical perspective on model validation
Authors: Piirainen Sirke , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Husby Magne , Kålås John Atle , Lindström Åke , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: February 2023

Aim

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to make predictions on how species distributions may change as a response to climatic change. To assess the reliability of those predictions, they need to be critically validated with respect to what they are used for. While ecologists are typically interested in how and where distributions will change, we argue that SDMs have seldom been evaluated in terms of their capacity to predict such change. Instead, typical retrospective validation methods estimate model's ability to predict to only one static time in future. Here, we apply two validation methods, one that predicts and evaluates a static pattern, while the other measures change and compare their estimates of predictive performance.

Location

Fennoscandia.

Methods

We applied a joint SDM to model the distributions of 120 bird species in four model validation settings. We trained models with a dataset from 1975 to 1999 and predicted species' future occurrence and abundance in two ways: for one static time period (2013–2016, ‘static validation’) and for a change between two time periods (difference between 1996–1999 and 2013–2016, ‘change validation’). We then measured predictive performance using correlation between predicted and observed values. We also related predictive performance to species traits.

Results

Even though static validation method evaluated predictive performance as good, change method indicated very poor performance. Predictive performance was not strongly related to any trait.

Main Conclusions

Static validation method might overestimate predictive performance by not revealing the model's inability to predict change events. If species' distributions remain mostly stable, then even an unfit model can predict the near future well due to temporal autocorrelation. We urge caution when working with forecasts of changes in spatial patterns of species occupancy or abundance, even for SDMs that are based on time series datasets unless they are critically validated for forecasting such change.
Threat and challenge: Holocaust survivors, succeeding generations, and the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Glick Laurie , Romem Anat
Published: February 2023

Objective

To examine the “sense of threat” and “sense of challenge” among Holocaust survivors and second‐ and third‐generation cohorts during the first coronavirus lockdown in Israel.

Background

Aging, especially among people who experienced trauma during their early years, as did Holocaust survivors, can be challenging when unusual circumstances, such as the coronavirus pandemic, coincide with it. Studies are inconclusive regarding the effect of transgenerational transmission of trauma of survivors to their offspring.

Methods

129 participants filled out a questionnaire based on Lazarus and Folkman's cognitive theory of psychological stress and coping. Data were collected through online questionnaires or phone interviews.

Results

All generations reported “feeling this is a difficult situation.” Compared with the second generation, survivors reported a significantly higher “sense of threat” and significantly lower “sense of challenge.”

Discussion

This study found that all generations felt some degree of vulnerability, although their response overall was resilient.

Implications

Awareness of the harmful effects of stressful life events on the vulnerable Holocaust survivors and their descendants has prompted the need to establish support systems that can be activated to assist them. Future research should also investigate whether these reactions were prevalent among Holocaust survivors and their descendants in other countries.
Distress tolerance, family cohesion and adaptability, and posttraumatic stress symptoms among combat veterans and their parents
Authors: Zerach Gadi , Gordon‐Shalev Tamar
Published: February 2023

Objective

The aversive impact of combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on family members has been examined mainly among veterans' partners as well as veterans' offspring.

Background

Only a few studies have examined secondary PTSD symptoms (PTSS) in veterans' parents, and the conditions in which distress tolerance (DT) contributes to veterans' PTSS and parents' secondary PTSS (SPTSS) remain unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to use a dyadic approach to explore the association between veterans' and parents' DT and their PTSS and that of their parents, as well as to examine the moderating role of family cohesion and adaptability in these associations.

Method

A volunteer sample of 102 dyads of Israeli combat veterans and their parents responded to online validated self‐report questionnaires in a cross‐sectional study. Analysis included actor–partner interdependence modeling (APIM) and moderation analyses.

Results

Veterans' PTSS was positively correlated with parents' SPTSS. Moreover, two actor effects were revealed wherein veterans' DT contributed to their own PTSS, and parents' DT negatively predicted their own SPTSS. Moreover, veterans' DT negatively predicted their parents' SPTSS (partner effect). Importantly, analysis of moderation revealed that under average and high levels of parental perception of family cohesion, higher levels of DT were tied to lower PTSS among veterans.

Conclusion

Exposure to a traumatized veteran offspring might entail SPTSS among parents. Veterans' high DT is associated with lower PTSS, and their parents' perception of the family as cohesive might augment this association.

Implications

The findings highlight the importance of acknowledging distress of indirectly exposed parents of combat veterans. Strengthening military families' cohesion might be important for veterans coping with posttraumatic stress.
Functional biogeography of fluvial fishes across the conterminous U.S.A.: Assessing the generalisability of trait–environment relationships over large regions
Authors: Brumm Kyle J. , Infante Dana M. , Cooper Arthur R.
Published: February 2023

Compared to taxonomic approaches, traits‐based approaches are often implemented to gain a more mechanistic understanding of how biotic communities respond to changing environmental conditions, including landscape stressors. Studies evaluating trait–environment relationships have increased in prevalence over the last 2 decades, but such analyses have rarely been conducted across continental extents in which component regions exhibit substantial spatial variation in stressors and natural environmental conditions. Consequently, the role of biogeographic context in analyses of trait–environment relationships remains under studied. Here, we evaluated the generalisability of trait–environment relationships across the conterminous U.S.A. to advance our understanding of the functional biogeography of fluvial fishes. We sought to: (1) identify trait–environment relationships that were consistent regardless of regional differences in natural environmental conditions; and (2) address whether the multivariate structure of trait–environment relationships was comparable across regions.

We used RLQ and fourth‐corner analyses to identify significant trait–environment relationships across nine large ecoregions comprising the conterminous U.S.A. These statistical approaches provided a framework to analyse co‐variation among 16 functional traits (e.g., trophic ecology, habitat preference) and 17 environmental variables representing 597 stream fish species whose abundances had been recorded in 45,183 stream reaches between 1990 and 2019.

Trait–environment relationships varied among ecoregions such that few trait–environment relationships were consistent. Although some trait–environment relationships were significant in multiple ecoregions, the strength and multivariate structure of such relationships varied. These findings suggest that the functional traits most responsive to changing environmental conditions are determined by distinct biogeographic processes.

Our findings add to a growing consensus that functional traits‐based approaches are context dependent. Understanding the complex relationships between functional traits and environmental conditions across large geographic regions can inform ecological theory and improve conservation efforts at broad spatial extents.
Effect of tartary buckwheat and highland barley flours on the quality of glutinous rice cakes determined by nutritional composition, physical structure, sensory perception and flavour
Authors: Zhou Mei , Li Yanmi , Yuan Ziqi , Luo Liming , Ren Yuanhang , Zeng Qingchen , Qi Anyin , Huang Jingwei , Cao Xiaoning , Shi Zhiqiang , Wu Xiaoyong , Wu Qi , Ye Xueling , Liu Changying , Fan Yu , Hu Yichen , Peng Lianxin , Xiang Dabing , Zou Liang , Zhao Gang , Jin Tao , Wan Yan
Published: February 2023

Tartary buckwheat flour, highland barley flour and glutinous rice flour were utilised as the raw materials to prepare coarse‐cereal glutinous rice cakes. Their quality was compared to that of traditional glutinous rice cakes (made with japonica and glutinous rice flours), based on nutritional composition, physical structure and flavour. The addition of tartary buckwheat and highland barley flours significantly increased the contents of protein, total flavonoids and β‐glucan (P < 0.05). The tartary buckwheat flour gave the glutinous rice cakes a yellow‐green colour, and the coarse‐cereal glutinous rice cakes had better hardness and chewiness. Aldehydes, alcohols as well as ketones were the chief volatile flavour components of the coarse‐cereal glutinous rice cake. These coarse‐cereal glutinous rice cakes were more popular compared to the traditional glutinous rice cakes with evaluators on a sensory panel. This may give some guidance for the development of coarse‐cereal products, such as tartary buckwheat and highland barley.
A novel allocation strategy for the difficult‐to‐allocate donor: audit of deceased donor kidneys utilised for preemptive recipients within Western Australia
Authors: Kulkarni Rishabh , Wong Zo E. , Downing Jonathan , Swaminathan Ramyasuda , Chan Doris , Chakera Aron , Abraham Abu , Irish Ashley , Lim Wai , D'Orsogna Lloyd J.
Published: February 2023

Kidney donor allocation can occasionally be difficult in Australia given a small population spread over vast distances. Therefore, between 2017 and 2019 our service allowed transplantation from deceased donors into local (same‐state) preemptive recipients, only if no well‐matched dialysis‐dependent transplant waitlist recipient was available. Transplantation using this novel allocation pathway was associated with good clinical and immunological outcomes.
Hyponatraemia caused by transient syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis to urinary retention
Authors: van der Bilt Floor , Alsma Jelmer
Published: February 2023

Hyponatraemia is frequently seen in the emergency department, possibly caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). We report three cases in which we believe urinary retention with bladder distention caused hyponatraemia. Laboratory findings fulfilled the criteria for SIAD, for which no cause was found. Possibly pain or sympathetic nerve system activation leads to SIAD. Brisk diuresis occurred after placement of an indwelling urinary catheter with overly correction of sodium for which treatment was necessary. Clinicians should be aware that placement of an indwelling urinary catheter may prompt brisk water diuresis and a tendency to overcorrection.
Large‐scale building damage assessment using a novel hierarchical transformer architecture on satellite images
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Lee Cheng‐Chun , Mostafavi Ali , Mahdavi‐Amiri Ali
Published: February 2023

This paper presents damage assessment using a hierarchical transformer architecture (DAHiTrA), a novel deep‐learning model with hierarchical transformers to classify building damages based on satellite images in the aftermath of natural disasters. Satellite imagery provides real‐time and high‐coverage information and offers opportunities to inform large‐scale postdisaster building damage assessment, which is critical for rapid emergency response. In this work, a novel transformer‐based network is proposed for assessing building damage. This network leverages hierarchical spatial features of multiple resolutions and captures the temporal differences in the feature domain after applying a transformer encoder to the spatial features. The proposed network achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance when tested on a large‐scale disaster damage data set (xBD) for building localization and damage classification, as well as on LEVIR‐CD data set for change detection tasks. In addition, this work introduces a new high‐resolution satellite imagery data set, Ida‐BD (related to 2021 Hurricane Ida in Louisiana) for domain adaptation. Further, it demonstrates an approach of using this data set by adapting the model with limited fine‐tuning and hence applying the model to newly damaged areas with scarce data.
Segmental stiff skin syndrome treated with secukinumab
Authors: Gelinas Alexa , Powell Julie , Lapointe Chantal , Coulombe Jerome
Published: February 2023

Segmental stiff skin syndrome is a rare fibrosing scleroderma‐like disorder characterized by progressive indurations of the skin leading to joint contractures, decreased mobility, and pain. Treatment options are limited; we report a patient that showed improvement with anti‐IL17 biologic therapy.
The effects of signaling blockchain‐based track and trace on consumer purchases: Insights from a quasi‐natural experiment
Authors: Ying Hao , Peng Xiaosong (David) , Zhao Xiande , Chen Zhong
Published: February 2023

Blockchain‐based track and trace (BCT) is increasingly adopted in the retail supply chain. However, there is little rigorous empirical evidence quantifying the effects of BCT on consumer purchases or examining the heterogeneity of these effects with varying product‐related characteristics. Employing transactional data from a leading global e‐retailer that contains 540 stock keeping units (SKUs), we design a quasi‐natural experiment spanning 80 weeks to estimate the signaling effect of BCT (i.e., disclosure of the BCT to consumers) on consumer purchases. Drawing on the signaling theory, we propose that BCT can serve as an effective and reliable signal of the product quality and trustworthiness of the retailer. Our research uncovers significant positive effects of BCT on the average purchase quantity per buyer, the total number of buyers, the number of new buyers, and the number of unique visitors to the traced products. We also find nuanced moderation effects for two product‐related characteristics—namely, consumer review inconsistency and product origins—on the influence of BCT on consumer purchases. Specifically, the signal effectiveness of BCT is stronger for products with more inconsistent customer reviews that indicate greater information asymmetry. The effect of BCT for products sourced globally is magnified because of the high BCT signal reliability attributed to the unique properties of the blockchain. The heterogeneous effects of BCT by varying product‐related characteristics can inform managers in selecting the right products to implement BCT.