bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Earth Single‐Atom Catalysis for High‐Performance Li−S Full Battery with Ultrahigh Capacity
Authors: Zhou Rong , Ren Yongqiang , Li Weixin , Guo Meng , Wang Yinan , Chang Haixin , Zhao Xin , Hu Wei , Zhou Guowei , Gu Shaonan
Published: May 2024

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have many advantages but still face problems such as retarded polysulfides redox kinetics and Li dendrite growth. Most reported single atom catalysts (SACs) for Li−S batteries are based on d‐band transition metals whose d orbital constitutes active valence band, which is inclined to occur catalyst passivation. SACs based on 4f inner valence orbital of rare earth metals are challenging for their great difficulty to be activated. In this work, we design and synthesize the first rare earth metal Sm SACs which has electron‐rich 4f inner orbital to promote catalytic conversion of polysulfides and uniform deposition of Li. Sm SACs enhance the catalysis by the activated 4f orbital through an f‐d‐p orbital hybridization. Using Sm‐N3C3 modified separators, the half cells deliver a high capacity over 600 mAh g−1 and a retention rate of 84.3 % after 2000 cycles. The fabricated Sm‐N3C3‐Li|Sm‐N3C3@PP|S/CNTs full batteries can provide an ultra‐stable cycling performance of a retention rate of 80.6 % at 0.2 C after 100 cycles, one of the best full Li−S batteries. This work provides a new perspective for the development of rare earth metal single atom catalysis in electrochemical reactions of Li−S batteries and other electrochemical systems for next‐generation energy storage.
Improved Synthesis of Hollow Fiber SSZ‐13 Zeolite Membranes for High‐Pressure CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Peng Xingyu , Chen Lingjie , You Lekai , Jin Yang , Zhang Chun , Ren Shengyuan , Kapteijn Freek , Wang Xuerui , Gu Xuehong
Published: May 2024

High‐silica CHA zeolite membranes are highly desired for natural gas upgrading because of their separation performance in combination with superior mechanical and chemical stability. However, the narrow synthesis condition range significantly constrains scale‐up preparation. Herein, we propose a facile interzeolite conversion approach using the FAU zeolite to prepare SSZ‐13 zeolite seeds, featuring a shorter induction and a longer crystallization period of the membrane synthesis on hollow fiber substrates. The membrane thickness was constant at ~3 μm over a wide span of synthesis time (24‐96 h), while the selectivity (separation efficiency) was easily improved by extending the synthesis time without compromising permeance (throughput). At 0.2 MPa feed pressure and 303 K, the membranes showed an average CO2 permeance of (5.2±0.5)×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 (1530 GPU), with an average CO2/CH4 mixture selectivity of 143±7. Minimal defects ensure a high selectivity of 126 with a CO2 permeation flux of 0.4 mol m−2 s−1 at 6.1 MPa feed pressure, far surpassing requirements for industrial applications. The feasibility for successful scale‐up of our approach was further demonstrated by the batch synthesis of 40 cm‐long hollow fiber SSZ‐13 zeolite membranes exhibiting CO2/CH4 mixture selectivity up to 400 (0.2 MPa feed pressure and 303 K) without using sweep gas.
Degradation of iron‐nickel alloy interconnects in contact with lanthanum nickelates based double‐layer electrodes during long‐term tests
Authors: Eremin Vadim A. , Ananyev Maxim V. , Solodyankin Anton A. , Markin Alexander A.
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on long‐term tests held during 1,000 h on different Membrane‐Electrode‐Interconnect Assemblies (MEIAs), consisting of an Fe‐Ni alloy interconnect and an electrochemical cell based on a Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ electrolyte, the double‐layer working electrode with a La2NiO4 + δ – Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ composite functional layer, and a LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3–δ current collector layer, and a platinum reference electrode (O2, LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3–δ|La2NiO4 + δ – Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ|Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ|Pt, O2). These tests were carried out on MEIAs with the Cr‐free 47ND alloy of the Fe–Ni system with and without surface modification at 850°C in air. The electrochemical performance of MEIAs was studied without polarization as well as under cathodic and anodic polarization with current density 0.5 A cm−2 by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The mechanism of the MEIA evolution during long‐term test is discussed.
Preparation and self‐healing properties of epoxy vitrimer materials based on imine bonds
Authors: Yan Tong , Jiang Hao , Pang Wuting , He Tinglei , Cheng Meng , Wang Zhikun , Li Chunling , Sun Shuangqing , Hu Songqing
Published: May 2024

Vitrimer materials have machinability and stability because of their shape remodeling and self‐healing properties at high temperatures. This article reports the synthesis of epoxy resin using vanillin, p‐aminophenol, and epichlorohydrin as raw materials, and polyetheramine‐400 as a curing agent. To study the effect of free amine on the mechanical and self‐healing properties, two materials with epoxy and amine stoichiometric ratios of 1:1 and 1:1.2 were studied, respectively. The experimental results show that when the molar ratio of epoxy to amine stoichiometric is 1:1.2 (V1:1.2), the tensile strength of vitrimer materials can reach 5.4 MPa and the self‐healing efficiency can reach 99.5% after 6 h of healing at 120°C. When the molar ratio is 1:1 (V1:1), the obtained epoxy material has a higher tensile strength of 9.5 MPa. After 24 h of healing at 120°C, the self‐healing efficiency can reach 83.4%. In addition, epoxy vitrimer materials can be remodeled at 120°C, and the self‐healing and mechanical properties are not influenced after remodeling. This work proposes a novel preparation method for epoxy vitrimer materials, which is beneficial to the development of high‐strength remodelable self‐healing materials.
Enhancing gamma radiation shielding properties of iron metal and natural rubber composites
Authors: El‐Khatib Ahmed M. , Doma Ahmed S. , Abbass M. Marzouk , Hassan M. Fayez , Abbas Mahmoud I. , Abd El‐Latif Mona M. , Gouda Mona M.
Published: May 2024

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the gamma and neutron radiation shielding properties of composites made from iron metal (micro and nano) dispersed within natural rubber (NR). The aim was to attenuate neutron and γ‐rays. The study utilized the gamma spectroscopy technique and the Monte Carlo FLUKA code. To assess the gamma ray shielding, a 3×3 Nal (Tl) detector and radioactive point sources were employed. Two comparative studies were carried out, one using Fe loaded NR (Fe/NR) composites in microsize and the other using Fe/NR composites in nanosize. The objective was to determine the impact of iron nanoparticles on the shielding ability of the composites. The findings revealed that the Fe/NR composites in nanosize exhibited superior gamma radiation shielding ability compared with the Fe/NR composites in microsize. These results were supported by the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, which demonstrated good agreement with both the experimental and theoretical XCOM data.
Interpellation and group polarization: Aspects of group hatred
Authors: White Robert S.
Published: May 2024

Group hate, a phenomenon increasingly prevalent in recent world history, manifests in ethnic hatred, mass killings, terrorism, and war. In this context, psychoanalysis offers a unique perspective, modestly contributing to the understanding of group hate through the analysis of human aggression and defenses against such aggression. Human beings, while requiring a group life to maintain basic security, often fear being immersed and judged by other individuals in the group. This paper delves into three mechanisms, interpellation, group polarization, and projective identification, that individuals employ to defend against such fears. Interpellation, for instance, sheds light on how cultural forces, referred to as ideology, influence personal identity. The latter two mechanisms, group polarization, and projective identification, foster in‐group solidarity and hatred of the out‐group, thereby perpetuating widening splits and cycles of hatred and vengeance between groups. The paper concludes by advocating for the humanization of the hated others, setting aside fantasies of vengeance, and finding areas of compromise as the way forward. A secondary goal of the paper is to address the split within psychoanalysis between intrapsychic and interpersonal concepts.
Ultrahigh‐Ni Cathode with Superior Structure Stability Enabled by a Covalent Bonding Strategy
Authors: Li Caihu , Zhang Xudong , Cui Yichao , Xu Yanan , Zhang Xiong , Sun Xianzhong , Wang Kai , Ma Yanwei
Published: May 2024

Ultrahigh‐nickel layered oxide cathodes are the most promising cathode materials for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. However, the rapid structural degradation during cycling charge‐discharge process limits its commercial application. Herein, we report a covalent pinning strategy to enhance structure stability of ultrahigh‐Ni cathode LiNi0.9Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (NCM90). Zr is gradient diffused into the lattice of NCM90 and forms Zr−O bonds during the sintering process, which can effectively alleviate the lattice distortion like introducing pinning centers due to the stronger bond energy, enhancing its structure stability during charge‐discharge process. In the meanwhile, the Zr−O on the surface of NCM90 powder forms LixZryOz coating layer due to the reaction with lithium residue, which prevents from the edge reconstruction and mitigates the occurrence of side reactions, as well as ensuring a fast Li+ diffusion pathway crossing the interface. As a result, the Zr−O modified NCM90 (Zr‐NCM) achieves 88.8 % remarkable capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles over 2.8–4.3 V, which is superior to the pristine NCM90 with 71.2 % retention. This work demonstrates that the Zr−O bonding can provide an effective structure pinning for the ultrahigh‐Ni cathode, which will largely guide the development of high‐performance lithium‐ion battery cathode materials.
Evaluation of the potential of activated sludge biomass from Nigeria as a feedstock for biodiesel production
Authors: Edeh Ifeanyichukwu , Ozori Keniwenimo Emmanuel , Ngochingo Ezekiel
Published: May 2024

Depleting fossil fuel reserves and the effects of greenhouse gases on climate change have led to the investigation of alternative energy sources such as biofuel, including biodiesel and renewable diesel. Unfortunately, the cost of the feedstock exceeds 70% of the total production cost. The current work investigates the potential of utilizing a waste product (activated sludge biomass) from wastewater treatment, as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. The activated sludge biomass was pretreated with subcritical water to enhance the lipid yield before extracting the lipid using solvent extraction. The result showed that lipid yield from the activated sludge was 4.73–8.58%. After subcritical water pretreatment with varying residence time, temperature, and biomass loading, the lipid yield increased by 158.04–400%. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from the transesterification of the lipid extract using calcined egg shell as a catalyst identified the following lipids: triglyceride, fatty acids, sphingolipid, phospholipid, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, steroid, and cholesterol. The predominant lipid was triglyceride, and the high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (23.54%), eicosadienoic acid (8.37%), and oleic acid (6.23%) suggest that the lipid extract is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
Radiosensitivity in a newborn with microcephaly: A case report of Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Authors: Cakmak Genc Gunes , Yilmaz Busra , Karakas Celik Sevim , Aydemir Cumhur , Eroz Recep , Dursun Ahmet
Published: May 2024

Aim

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive DNA repair disorder which is characterized by immunodeficiency and increased risk of lymphoproliferative malignancy.

Case

We observed an increase in the rate of chromosomal rearrangements in the cultured cells following an incidental radiograph for craniosynostosis in a newborn who was followed up due to microcephaly. We identified a homozygous deletion of c.657_661delACAAA/p.Lys219fs (rs587776650) in the NBN gene through whole exome sequencing.

Conclusion

It is crucial to thoroughly examine the clinical features of newborns with microcephaly and consider chromosomal instability syndromes just like Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Not overlooking radiosensitivity, which is a characteristic feature of this syndrome, is a vital condition to the patient's survival time.
(−)‐Epicatechin gallate ameliorates cyprodinil‐induced cardiac developmental defects through inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon receptor in zebrafish
Authors: Huang Dongqin , Su Yuchao , Li Mingmei , Xie Chengwei , Hu Weibin , Wang Shuxiang , Zheng Nanmei , Chen Jianhui , Lin Yueyun , Cai Weize , Xiao Jianjia , Chen Baojia , Hu Nanping , Zhou Fushan
Published: May 2024

Background

Cyprodinil is a widely used fungicide with broad‐spectrum activity, but it has been associated with cardiac abnormalities. (−)‐Epicatechin gallate (ECG), a natural polyphenolic compound, has been shown to possess protective properties in cardiac development.

Methods

In this study, we investigated whether ECG could mitigate cyprodinil‐induced heart defects using zebrafish embryos as a model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to cyprodinil with or without ECG.

Results

Our results demonstrated that ECG significantly improved the survival rate, embryo movement, and hatching delay induced by cyprodinil. Furthermore, ECG effectively ameliorated cyprodinil‐induced cardiac developmental toxicity, including pericardial anomaly and impairment of cardiac function. Mechanistically, ECG attenuated the cyprodinil‐induced alterations in mRNA expression related to cardiac development, such as amhc, vmhc, tbx5, and gata4, as well as calcium ion channels, such as ncx1h, atp2a2a, and cdh2. Additionally, ECG was found to inhibit the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathways induced by cyprodinil.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for the protective effects of ECG against cyprodinil‐induced cardiac developmental toxicity, mediated through the inhibition of AhR activity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and safe utilization of pesticide, such as cyprodinil.
Teacher perspectives on enhancing wellbeing education through integrating arts‐based practices
Authors: Moar Sigrid , Burke Katie , Watson Marthy
Published: May 2024

Wellbeing education (WE) is increasingly offered among secondary schools internationally to promote the physical, social, emotional and mental health of young people. Current and emerging evidence proposes that scope exists for the enhancement of universal WE, and that arts‐based approaches have significant potential for school programmes in enhancing the effectiveness of WE. This sits alongside a growing body of international literature that connects arts engagement with positive mental wellbeing across age groups. Existing research also shows that the evaluation of the goals, pedagogy and student engagement within WE from the perspectives of teachers is uncommon. To this end, this qualitative research investigated teacher perspectives on the potential for arts‐based WE. Through an asynchronous group interview, 10 Australian secondary school arts teachers with expertise in a variety of visual and performing arts education reflected on current WE in light of their arts teaching practice, exploring possibilities for enhancement through art‐based practices. Thematic analysis using a socio‐ecological framework reveals strong support for arts‐based WE, noting positive potential for arts engagement to facilitate increased teacher and student autonomy, relationship building, safe and inclusive environments, and enjoyable, embodied learning within WE.
Optical design of low‐location illumination based on asymmetric double freeform surfaces
Authors: Chen Ai Lin , Zhang Yun Cui , Xie Xu Fen , Liang Jing , Xu Zhe , Zhang Kun , Mu Zong Han , Jiang Bo
Published: May 2024

The development of optical optics for low‐location road lighting is a challenging problem in providing high luminance and uniformity of illumination and meeting many other specific requirements. This study proposes an optical design method of low‐location illumination based on an asymmetric double freeform surface lens. The ray emitted from the light source is refracted and reflected through the different surface types to the corresponding area of the receiving surface. In the design example, the road has dual‐side mounted luminaires and a width of 6 m, and a height of 0.8 m. Simulation results indicate that, compared with conventional high‐pole streetlights, the luminance uniformity had increased from 0.60 to 0.66, the illuminance uniformity had improved from 0.75 to 0.86, and the glare had been reduced.
Contrast‐enhanced transcranial Doppler for the detection of right‐to‐left shunt: A new provocation method with a syringe‐modified Valsalva maneuver
Authors: Deng Jinfeng , Luo Yan , Luo Shijian , Zhan Hongrui , Zhou Feng , Li Songbiao
Published: May 2024

Background

Contrast‐enhanced transcranial Doppler (cTCD) study has been established as one of the most common investigations for detecting right‐to‐left shunt (RLS). Although the conventional Valsalva maneuver (c‐VM) has been used to increase the sensitivity of cTCD for RLS, efforts are still needed to improve the detection rate further. We proposed a new provocation method with a syringe‐modified Valsalva maneuver (sm‐VM) during cTCD and compared the efficacy of this strategy with cTCD measured at resting and with the provocation of c‐VM.

Methods

Consecutive patients with suspicion of RLS who underwent cTCD in our institution between September 27, 2021, and April 1, 2022, were included in this study. Examination of cTCD was performed separately at the resting state and provoked with c‐VM and sm‐VM. The overall proportion of patients with RLS and their distribution with different RLS grades were compared.

Results

A total of 389 patients (mean age: 49.37 years, male: 52.2%) were included in this study. The positive rate for RLS was significantly higher for cTCD detected with sm‐VM than those detected at resting state and with c‐VM (46.8% vs. 21.6% and 34.2%, all p < .05). Besides, cTCD detected with sm‐VM was also associated with a higher proportion of patients with grade III RLS than those detected at resting state and with c‐VM (11.3% vs. 1.8% and 0%, all p < .05).

Conclusions

Compared to cTCD detected at resting state and with c‐VM, cTCD with sm‐VM could further increase the positive detection rate of RLS.
Nucleating amoeboid cancer cell motility with Diaphanous related formins
Authors: Kar Neelakshi , Logue Jeremy S.
Published: May 2024

The tissue invasive capacity of cancer cells is determined by their phenotypic plasticity. For instance, mesenchymal to amoeboid transition has been found to facilitate the passage of cancer cells through confined environments. This phenotypic transition is also heavily regulated by the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton, which may increase myosin contractility and the intracellular pressure that is known to drive bleb formation. In this review, we highlight several Diaphanous related formins (DRFs) that have been found to promote or suppress bleb formation in cancer cells, which is a hallmark of amoeboid migration. Based on the work discussed here, the role of the DRFs in cancer(s) is worthy of further scrutiny in animal models, as they may prove to be therapeutic targets.
Implementation and testing of single point positioning on IRNSS/NavIC receiver data
Authors: Vyas Mahek , Gajjar Sachin , Asit Upadhyay Manisha , Acharya Rajat
Published: May 2024

India has developed its own regional navigation satellite system called the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), also known as Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC). IRNSS/NavIC provides standard positioning and timing services for civilians and restricted services for authorized users. In this paper, single point positioning is implemented on the NavIC receiver data. Estimation techniques of the least squares method and extended Kalman filter are implemented after applying broadcast‐based clock corrections, orbit computation, relative time correction, and ionosphere delay correction for single and dual frequency. A data extraction and storage module is developed to store computed parameters at every intermediate stage in separate files. This is followed by an error plotter module to plot the extracted parameters for each satellite and to separately analyze their performance and the obtained errors. The estimated receiver position is visualized on Google Earth. The absolute error in both estimation techniques ranges between 5 and 15 m throughout the period.
Wi‐Fi fingerprint‐based indoor location: Multiple fingerprints and multiple classifiers with two‐layer fusion weights
Authors: Liu Na , Liu Zhixin , Gao Jie , Yuan Yazhou , Yan Chan Kit
Published: May 2024

Indoor location based on Wi‐Fi fingerprint has attracted extensive attention recently, since it only requires a mobile device and existing network; it does not require additional infrastructure and hardware. However, localization using only received signal strength fingerprint is susceptible to dynamic environments and device heterogeneity. Localization using signal strength differences fingerprint and hyperbolic location fingerprint which extracted from received signal strength fingerprint is a powerful measure to overcome the device heterogeneity. Existing fusion‐based methods do not fully use of the mutual fusion function of multiple fingerprints, which leads to low positioning accuracy. In order to further improve the positioning accuracy, we propose a multifingerprint multiclassifier and two‐layer fusion weight positioning model. The proposed approach first creates a multiple fingerprints group by gleaning signal strength differences fingerprint and hyperbolic location fingerprint from received signal strength fingerprint. In order to deal with the accuracy decline caused by a single classifier in complex scenes, three typical classifiers, random forest (RF), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM), are adopted, and a fusion weight selection algorithm is proposed to improve the localization accuracy by choosing fusion weights intelligently from the two‐layer fusion weights. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme is effective to resolve device heterogeneity, and the position accuracy is improved about 16.9% and 5.8%, respectively, compared with single fingerprint and classifier schemes. The results show that, compared with the single fingerprint scheme, the position accuracy is improved at least 16.9% and 28.4% for the homogeneous and heterogeneous equipments, respectively; as for the proposed multiclassifier fusion method, it achieves at least 5.8% and 8.7% accuracy improvement for the cases with homogeneous and heterogeneous equipments, respectively, compared with other traditional classifiers such as RF, KNN, and SVM.
Efficient Photocatalytic System based on Schiff‐Base Type Hybrid Polymers for Energy Conversion and Water Treatment
Authors: Tan Xin , Cui Zheng , Ai Haoqiang , Song Xiaohan , Teng Qi , Du Yajing
Published: May 2024

In this contribution, a new Schiff‐base hybrid cross‐linked polymer (TFPT‐SHCP) derived from triazine derivatives and silsesquioxanes was developed, and its photocatalytic performance was systematically investigated. Compared with traditional organic Schiff base catalysts, in TFPT‐SHCP, organic inorganic hybrid silsesquioxanes monomers at the molecular level can serve as a sturdy host backbone, bringing structural ultrastability to the final material. And their excellent strength and durability make them have good application prospects in water treatment. Furthermore, the introduction of triazine derivatives with excellent photoelectric performance and the construction of −C=N‐ result in excellent photocatalytic performance of TFPT‐SHCP. The as‐prepared TFPT‐SHCP exhibits excellent degradation capacity of various organic pollutants under visible light catalysis, with degradation rate constants for Congo Red (CR), rhodamine B (RB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) reaching 0.302 min−1, 0.121 min−1, 0.161 min−1, respectively. Under simulated outdoor conditions, dye solutions with concentrations up to 500 ppm can be degraded to complete decolorization within 5 weeks. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of POSS‐based Schiff base materials as a platform for visible light catalysts, paving the way for the pre design and functionalization of related materials in the future.
Adjunctive hiking bouts during 8 weeks regular sailing training improves cardiorespiratory and muscular responses during hiking emulation in highly trained sailors
Authors: Pan Dandan , Sun Kaiyang , Liu Xiuxia
Published: May 2024

To investigate the effects of 8‐week hiking bench training on cardiorespiratory and muscular responses of highly trained sailors during hiking emulation. Twenty‐four sailors were assigned into two groups: the hiking bench training group (HTG, n = 12) and the control group (CG, n = 12). Both groups maintained their regular training with the HTG performed two additional hiking bench training sessions per week for 8 weeks, while the CG performed an equivalent duration of on‐water sailing training. Physiological responses were assessed by performing four successive 3‐min hiking bouts on a sailing emulation ergometer before and after the 8‐week training period. Comparing the pretest, both groups exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max) and maximal heart rate (%HRmax); the HTG experienced a greater decrease in %VO2max in bouts 2 and 3. The root mean square (RMS) of rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus abdominis (RA), and external oblique decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas the mean power frequency (MPF) of RF, VL, and RA exhibited an increasing trend. The RMS of RF and RA in HTG were lower than those in CG in the initial three bouts; VL and EA in HTG were lower than those in CG in bouts 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). The MPF of RA in HTG was significantly increased in bouts 2, 3, and 4 (p < 0.05). Eight‐week hiking bench training could improve hiking economy and the activation of lower limb and trunk muscles delaying the onset of fatigue in sailors.
Evaluating the effect of ambient air temperature on the sustainability aspect of naphtha‐based gas turbine power plant
Authors: Arpit Sankalp
Published: May 2024

The exergy‐based sustainability indices have been a cause of concern for gas turbine power plant as its performance is very sensitive to air temperature. Hence, the present study evaluates the impact of atmospheric air temperature on exergy sustainability and ecological function of a naphtha‐based gas turbine power plant using EES. The outcome of the study shows that combustion chamber (CC_1) needs more attention compared with other components present, and it has least improvement potential as compared with other components. Further while carrying out parametric analysis with respect to ambient air, it was observed that for a 1.1°C increase in atmospheric air temperature a reduction in sustainability index about 0.66% was observed respectively, for GT_1. Thus, this study established that the power plant's exergy sustainability performance has a negative impact at high ambient air temperatures on exergy sustainability indices.
Suicidal thoughts and attempts in a transdiagnostic eating disorder sample: Do diagnostic severity criteria predict risk?
Authors: Schmidt Kendall , Fitzgerald Elizabeth , Keel Pamela
Published: May 2024

Objective

Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with elevated suicide. Low body mass index (BMI) and frequency of purging and binge eating represent severity criteria for EDs and distinguish full‐threshold EDs from other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED). However, no work has taken a transdiagnostic approach to studying whether severity of these or other features is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) and attempts.

Method

We examined diagnostic status, ED features, and SI and attempts in a large, transdiagnostic, community sample of 257 women with EDs and 45 controls without a current or past ED in the United States using the EDs Examination interview and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

Results

SI and suicide attempts (SA) were elevated in OSFED compared to controls but did not differ between OSFED and full‐threshold EDs. Higher BMI predicted increased SI. Number of purging methods, but not frequency, was related to history of SA. Binge episode frequency and size were not significant predictors.

Conclusions

OSFED presents with elevated SI and SA, and ED severity criteria that distinguish OSFED from full‐threshold EDs do not predict SI or SA. Suicide risk assessments should be implemented universally across EDs in clinical practice.
Economic feasibility of using agrivoltaics for tomato farming
Authors: Rabasoma Kago , Jenkins Nicholas , Ekanayake Janaka
Published: May 2024

Agrivoltaics or agrophotovoltaics (APV), which simply describes farming under a canopy of PV panels, has been recently gaining a wider implementation to improve farming yields as well as generate electricity on the same piece of land. The presented study undertakes an economic analysis to justify the implementation of agrivoltaics in a tomato farm. Three research cases are investigated; Case 1 is the control scenario which is just ordinary tomato farming that is used as a baseline. And then there are Cases 2 and 3, which are low‐density and high‐density agrivoltaics, respectively. The farm is irrigated from a borehole using a diesel generator in Case 1 and solar pumps in the Agrivoltaics Cases 2 and 3. The study found that tomato harvest is reduced by a minimum of 16% in agrivoltaics setup. However, this reduced harvest is compensated by the PV output. The payback period has been calculated considering the capital costs of the PV system and other operational costs within the farm, and it is found that Case 2 and Case 3 have 3 years and 3.6 years payback periods, respectively. While on the other hand, ordinary tomato farming is unattractive with a lengthy payback period of 17.5 years. Net present value analysis is also used to determine the profitability of the three scenarios over a 10‐year period, and the agrivoltaics scenarios are calculated to be profitable while ordinary tomato farming is not profitable. Therefore, this study justifies economic investment in agrivoltaics for tomato farming in Botswana.
Traffic flow prediction: A 3D adaptive multi‐module joint modeling approach integrating spatial‐temporal patterns to capture global features
Authors: Ul Abideen Zain , Sun Xiaodong , Sun Chao
Published: May 2024

The challenges in citywide traffic flow are intricate, encompassing various factors like temporal and spatial dependencies, holidays, and weather. Despite the complexity, there are still research gaps in effectively incorporating these spatio‐temporal relations through deep learning. Addressing these gaps is crucial for tackling issues such as traffic congestion, public safety, and efficient traffic management within cities. This paper underscores notable research gaps, including the development of models capable of handling both local and global traffic flow patterns, integrating multi‐modal data sources, and effectively managing spatio‐temporal dependencies. In this paper, we proposed a novel model named 3D spatial–temporal‐based adaptive modeling graph convolutional network (3D(STAMGCN)) that addresses for traffic flow data in better periodicity modeling. In contrast to earlier studies, 3D(STAMGCN) approaches the task of traffic flow prediction as a periodic residual learning problem. This is achieved by capturing the input variation between historical time segments and the anticipated output for future time segments. Forecasting traffic flow, as opposed to a direct approach, is significantly simpler when focusing on learning more stationary deviations. This, in turn, aids in the training of the model. Nevertheless, the networks enable residual generation at each time interval through learned variations between future conditions and their corresponding weekly observations. Consequently, this significantly contributes to achieving more accurate forecasts for multiple steps ahead. We executed extensive experiments on two real‐world datasets and compared the performance of our model to state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) techniques.
Lived environmentalisms: Everyday encounters and difference in Australia's north
Authors: Pickerill Jenny
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on everyday encounters between environmentalists and Indigenous activists during a dispute around a proposed gas hub development in the Kimberley, NW Australia, to explore the possibilities of practising environmentalism differently. It makes visible the complexity, contestations and dilemmas of putting environmentalism into practice in particular places and calls for the specificness of how environmentalisms are negotiated and developed through encounters to be more carefully attended to. It draws on 32 face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews conducted with activists from national Australian environmental organisations working in the Kimberley, Kimberley‐based environmental groups, Kimberley Indigenous organisations, participant observations at protest camp site visits and analysis of campaign literature. Closely interrogating lived environmentalisms—how environmentalists put into practice their values in everyday encounters—reveals not only evidence of white environmentalists expanding their conceptions of the environment beyond dualisms and engaging with multispecies justice, but also a hesitancy and complexity in supporting Indigenous self‐determination and a limited capacity to challenge colonial‐capitalist frameworks.
Fabrication of new in‐situ ternary nano/microcomposite LDH/Ag2O/Bayerite in trimetallic NiAg/Al layered double hydroxides for CO2 capture material
Authors: Wihadi Muh. Nur Khoiru
Published: May 2024

We reported new in‐situ ternary nano/microcomposite layered double hydroxides/Ag2O/bayerite in trimetallic NiAg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) via hydrothermal technique; and characterization by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and N2 adsorption‐desorption. The formation of bayerite and silver oxide species on the LDH nanosheet depended on the excess of Al3+ and Ag+ in the solution under alkaline and hydrothermal conditions. The nitrogen isotherm adsorption profile for all ternary composites exhibited uniformity with mesoporous and lamellar characteristics. The surface area of all the composites ranged from 81.17 to 150.23 m2. g−1, the Barret‐Joyner‐Halenda (BJH) pore volume from 0.22 to 0.27 cm3. g−1, and the average pore diameter ranged from 3.47 to 5.78 nm. All composites show a laminar plate‐like structure covered with elongated pieces. The particle size of the composites ranged from 54.86 to 115.96 nm, indicating the size changed from nano to microcomposite because of the different molar ratios of Ag and Ni in the solid. The ternary composite reveals CO2 capture activity with adsorption capacity ranging from 13.93 to 19.61 mmol g−1. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal associations between subjective cognitive impairment, pain and depressive symptoms in home‐dwelling older adults: Modelling within‐person effects
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Perry Marieke , Bejjani Rachele , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Usami Satoshi , van der Steen Jenny T.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Cognitive impairment, pain and depressive symptoms are common and interrelated factors in older adults. However, the directionality and specificity of their association remains unclarified. This study explored whether these factors prospectively increase reciprocal risk and examined the longitudinal association between these factors and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

This study used longitudinal data from The Older Persons and Informal Caregivers Survey Minimal Data Set (TOPICS‐MDS; the Netherlands). Older adults self‐reported cognitive impairment, pain, depressive symptoms and QoL at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of follow‐up. The Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model was used to assess the prospective association between the three factors, while a multilevel linear regression analysis in a two‐level random intercept model was used to examine the longitudinal associations between the three factors and QoL at the within‐person level.

Results

The data of 11,582 home‐dwelling older adults with or without subjective cognitive impairment were analysed. At the within‐person level, pain at 6 months was associated with subsequent depressive symptoms (β = 0.04, p = 0.024). The reverse association from depression to pain, and longitudinal associations between pain and subjective cognitive impairment and between depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive impairment were non‐significant. Pain, depressive symptoms and subjective cognitive impairment showed a significant association with poor QoL 6 months later.

Conclusions

A directional relationship was observed from pain to depressive symptoms. Pain reduction holds a potential benefit in the prevention of depressive symptoms, ultimately optimising the QoL of older adults.
The landscape of etiological patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand
Authors: Pupacdi Benjarath , Loffredo Christopher A. , Budhu Anuradha , Rabibhadana Siritida , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Pairojkul Chawalit , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Pugkhem Ake , Luvira Vor , Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Chotirosniramit Anon , Auewarakul Chirayu U. , Ungtrakul Teerapat , Sricharunrat Thaniya , Sangrajrang Suleeporn , Phornphutkul Kannika , Albert Paul S. , Kim Sungduk , Harris Curtis C. , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Wang Xin Wei , Ruchirawat Mathuros ,   the TIGER‐LC Consortium
Published: May 2024

Thailand is among countries with the highest global incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). While viral hepatitis and liver fluke infections have been associated with HCC and iCCA, respectively, other environmental risk factors, overall risk factor commonality and combinatorial roles, and effects on survival have not been systematically examined. We conducted a TIGER‐LC consortium‐based population study covering all high‐incidence areas of both malignancies across Thailand: 837 HCC, 1474 iCCA, and 1112 controls (2011–2019) were comprehensively queried on lifelong environmental exposures, lifestyle, and medical history. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to evaluate risk factors and associated survival patterns. Our models identified shared risk factors between HCC and iCCA, such as viral hepatitis infection, liver fluke infection, and diabetes, including novel and shared associations of agricultural pesticide exposure (OR range of 1.50; 95% CI: 1.06–2.11 to 2.91; 95% CI: 1.82–4.63) along with vulnerable sources of drinking water. Most patients had multiple risk factors, magnifying their risk considerably. Patients with lower risk levels had better survival in both HCC (HR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.96) and iCCA (HR 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70–0.99). Risk factor co‐exposures and their common associations with HCC and iCCA in Thailand emphasize the importance for future prevention and control measures, especially in its large agricultural sector. The observed mortality patterns suggest ways to stratify patients for anticipated survivorship and develop plans to support medical care of longer‐term survivors, including behavioral changes to reduce exposures.
Association between hospital case volume and maternal adverse events in patients with placental abruption: An analysis using a Japanese national inpatient database
Authors: Muramatsu Keiji , Aoyama Yoko , Shigemi Daisuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsuda Shinya
Published: May 2024

Objective

To clarify the relationship between the prognosis of patients with placental abruption (PA) and the healthcare delivery system using data from a large national inpatient database in Japan.

Methods

Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study with the data of patients in almost 1000 hospitals with the primary diagnosis of PA who were hospitalized from April 2014 to March 2021. We divided the hospitals into four groups based on the number of deliveries per month. We performed multilevel logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationship between hospital case volume and maternal end‐organ injury (MEOI).

Results

Altogether, 8222 patients were included for analysis; among whom, 3575 (44%) were transferred by ambulance. MEOI was noted in 977 patients (12%) with no obvious difference by hospital case volume. Ambulance transfer, age, gestational weeks at admission, delivery on the first day of hospitalization, and history of eclampsia were significantly associated with a higher incidence of MEOI, but the hospital case volume was not.

Conclusion

Using a Japanese administrative database, our study shows that hospital case volume was not significantly associated with the severity of maternal illness among patients with PA.
Impact of birth order on risk‐taking: Evidence from China
Authors: Mu Wenlong , Qiao Kangnaixin , Wang Hao , Wang Zinan
Published: May 2024

Evidence about impact of birth order on risk‐taking is mostly from the Western cultural contexts, and the findings are contradictory. Scant attention has been devoted to the impact of birth order on risk‐taking in East Asian societies influenced by Confucian culture. In this study, we investigated how birth order impacts adult risk‐taking using a representative Chinese sample (N = 12,756). The results revealed that the effect of birth order on Chinese risk‐taking did not exhibit a linear trend, either when the birth order was coded using the original birth rank or when coded as firstborns, middleborns and lastborns. However, this study found that laterborns, as a whole, were more likely to take risks than firstborns. In addition, there was a quadratic trend inherent in the birth order effect on risk‐taking, showing that middleborns were more likely to take risks than firstborns or lastborns. Furthermore, we found that the birth order effects on risk‐taking were not affected by individuals' age, birth spacing and family size. Additional analyses also demonstrated the robustness of these results. Our findings established a small but meaningful association between birth order and risk‐taking in a Confucian‐influenced society.
Imaging of pain using positron emission tomography
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Peng , Zhang Lauren L. , Sun Yang , Brugarolas Pedro
Published: May 2024

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technique that utilizes biologically active radiolabeled compounds to image biochemical processes. As such, PET can provide important pathophysiological information associated with pain of different etiologies. Consequently, the information obtained using PET often combined with magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography can provide useful information for diagnosing and monitoring changes associated with pain. This review covers the most important PET tracers that have been used to image pain including tracers for fundamental biological processes such as glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow, to receptor‐specific tracers such as ion channels and neurotransmitters. For each tracer, we describe the structure and radiochemical synthesis of the tracer followed by a brief summary of the available preclinical and clinical studies. By providing a summary of the PET tracers that have been employed for PET imaging of pain, this review aims to serve as a reference for preclinical, translational, and clinical investigators interested in molecular imaging of pain. Finally, the review ends with an outlook of the needs and opportunities in this area.
Inhibitory effect of flavonoids on multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 function: Implications for food/herb–drug interaction and drug‐induced kidney injury
Authors: Duan Xiaoyan , Bai Wanting , Hu Jiahuan , Wu Jinjin , Tan Huixin , Wang Fenghe , Lang Xuli , Wang Baolian , Hu Jinping
Published: May 2024

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), an efflux transporter mainly expressed in renal proximal tubules, mediates the renal secretion of organic cationic drugs. The inhibition of MATE1 will impair the excretion of drugs into the tubular lumen, leading to the accumulation of nephrotoxic drugs in the kidney and consequently potentiating nephrotoxicity. Screening and identifying potent MATE1 inhibitors can predict or minimize the risk of drug‐induced kidney injury. Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols commonly found in foodstuffs and herbal products, have been reported to cause transporter‐mediated food/herb–drug interactions. Our objective was to investigate the inhibitory effects of flavonoids on MATE1 in vitro and in vivo and to assess the effects of flavonoids on cisplatin‐induced kidney injury. Thirteen flavonoids exhibited significant transport activity inhibition (>50%) on MATE1 in MATE1‐MDCK cells. Among them, the six strongest flavonoid inhibitors, including irisflorentin, silymarin, isosilybin, sinensetin, tangeretin, and nobiletin, markedly increased cisplatin cytotoxicity in these cells. In cisplatin‐induced in vivo renal injury models, irisflorentin, isosilybin, and sinensetin also increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels to different degrees, especially irisflorentin, which exhibited the most potent nephrotoxicity with cisplatin. The pharmacophore model indicated that the hydrogen bond acceptors at the 3, 5, and 7 positions may play a critical role in the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on MATE1. Our findings provide helpful information for predicting the potential risks of flavonoid‐containing food/herb–drug interactions and avoiding the exacerbation of drug‐induced kidney injury via MATE1 mediation.
Mechanistic insights into the role of cyclodextrin in the regioselective radical CH trifluoromethylation of aromatic compounds
Authors: Kawashima Kyohei , Lu Xu , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Mori Toshifumi
Published: May 2024

The regioselective radical CH trifluoromethylation of aromatic compounds have been shown to proceed in good yield and high regioselectivity when cyclodextrin (CD) is present. Yet, the reaction mechanism and the role of CD during the reaction have remained obscure. To this end, here we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to the conformations obtained by semiempirical quantum mechanical molecular dynamics calculations to reveal the reaction mechanism and the role of CD in controlling regioselectivity. The results show that metal salt increases the yield but do not affect the regioselectivity, which we further confirmed by an experiment. In contrast, multiple CD‐substrate complex conformations and reaction pathways were obtained, and CD was shown to contribute to improving the regioselectivity by stabilizing the intermediate state via encapsulation. The present study indicates that CDs can increase the regioselectivity by stabilizing the intermediate and product states while only marginally affecting the transition state.