bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultradian Rhythmicity in Sleep-Wakefulness Is Related to Color in Nestling Barn Owls
Authors: Scriba Madeleine F. , Henry Isabelle , Vyssotski Alexei L. , Mueller Jakob C. , Rattenborg Niels C. , Roulin Alexandre
Published: August 2017

The possession of a rhythm is usually described as an important adaptation to regular changing environmental conditions such as the light-dark cycle. However, recent studies have suggested plasticity in the expression of a rhythm depending on life history and environmental factors. Barn owl ( Tyto alba) nestlings show variations in behavior and physiology in relation to the size of black feather spots, a trait associated with many behavioral and physiological phenotypes including the circadian expression of corticosterone and the regulation of body mass. This raises the possibility that individual spottiness could be associated with rhythmicity in sleep-wakefulness. Owlets showed ultradian rhythms in sleep-wakefulness, with a period length of 4.5 to 4.9 h. The period length of wakefulness and non-REM sleep was shorter in heavily compared to lightly spotted female nestlings, whereas in males, the opposite result was found. Furthermore, male and female nestlings displaying small black spots showed strong rhythmicity levels in wakefulness and REM sleep. This might be an advantage in a stable environment with predictable periodic changes in light, temperature, or social interactions. Heavily spotted nestlings displayed weak rhythms in wakefulness and REM sleep, which might enable them to be more flexible in reactions to unexpected events such as predation or might be a mechanism to save energy. These findings are consistent with previous findings showing that large-spotted nestlings switch more frequently between wakefulness and sleep, resulting in higher levels of vigilance compared to small-spotted conspecifics. Thus, nestlings with larger black feather spots might differently handle the trade-off between wakefulness and sleep, attention, and social interactions compared to nestlings with smaller black spots.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Decision Making and Practices: Malawian Mothers’ and Fathers’ Roles in the Context of HIV
Authors: Chintalapudi Nainisha , Hamela Gloria , Mofolo Innocent , Maman Suzanne , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Hoffman Irving F. , Flax Valerie L.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Few studies in low- and middle-income countries have examined the roles of couples in infant and young child feeding decision making and practices, and there is no corresponding data in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Research aim:

This study aimed to explore mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of their roles in feeding decision making and practices.

Methods:

The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 15 mothers and their male partners, recruited from the catchment areas of two urban and two rural government clinics in Lilongwe District, Malawi. The mothers were ≥ 18 years of age, were HIV positive, and had a child < 24 months of age. Twelve of the 15 fathers were also HIV positive. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis.

Results:

Mothers were responsible for child care, including breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Fathers provided monetary support for purchasing food and offered verbal support to encourage mothers to implement recommended feeding practices. Many fathers found it difficult to support adequate complementary feeding because of household food insecurity. Mothers were advised on child feeding during prevention of mother-to-child transmission clinic visits. No fathers in this study accompanied women to clinic appointments, so they were less well-informed about feeding than mothers. Fathers usually deferred to mothers in feeding decision making. One-third of mothers wanted fathers to be more involved in child feeding.

Conclusion:

Malawian mothers’ and fathers’ roles in feeding decision making in the context of HIV align with local gender norms. Strategies are needed to improve fathers’ knowledge of and involvement in child feeding, as desired by mothers.
Buckling and free vibration analysis of skew sandwich plates with viscoelastic core and functionally graded material constraining layer
Authors: Joseph Shince V , Mohanty SC
Published: August 2017

The present study is concerned with the free vibration and buckling analysis of a skew sandwich plate with a viscoelastic material core fixed between a functionally graded material constraining layer and a base layer of elastic material. The sandwich plate theory is followed to obtain the governing equations of motion in which the displacement fields of the viscoelastic core are assumed to have a linear variation between those of the two face layers. Finite element method based on first-order shear deformation theory is used to develop the governing equations of motion of the plate. The effects of different parameters such as skew angle, aspect ratio, thickness ratio, and volume fraction index on static and dynamic characteristics of the plate are examined. The increase in the skew angle has increasing effect on both natural the frequencies and critical buckling loads, whereas the fundamental loss factor decreases. The volume fraction index and various boundary conditions also have significant effects on the static and dynamic behavior of the plate.
70% Ethanol for Decontamination of Central Venous Lines Exposed to Calcineurin Inhibitors
Authors: Copacia Jessica Ann , Taylor Kimberly , Laudick Melissa , Rangarajan Hemalatha G. , Abu-Arja Rolla , Auletta Jeffery J. , Pyle-Eilola Amy , Stanek Joseph , Pai Vinita B. , Bajwa Rajinder
Published: August 2017

Background: Tacrolimus, commonly used for graft versus host disease prophylaxis is usually administered via a dedicated central venous line (CVL) and trough levels drawn from the unexposed lumen. Being an oil-based medication, it may be adsorbed to the inner lumen of the CVL and result in falsely high levels drawn from an inadvertently exposed lumen. There is no treatment for decontamination of such CVLs, and natural decay occurs over months before the CVL can be used to draw reliable trough levels. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of 70% ethanol locks for decontaminating CVLs exposed to tacrolimus. Methods: We studied the efficacy of 70% ethanol lock in decontaminating CVLs exposed to tacrolimus in patients during transplant. Trough tacrolimus levels were drawn from the exposed and unexposed (control) lumens at 8:00 am, followed by a 2-mL 70% ethanol lock instilled for a 2-hour dwell into the exposed (intervention) lumen. Trough tacrolimus levels were again drawn from both lumens at 8:00 pm and levels compared for efficacy. Results: All 20 sets showed a high 8 am trough level in the exposed intervention arm (median = 30 ng/mL), significantly greater ( P < 0.0001) than that in the control arm (median = 9.05 ng/mL), and were contaminated. After the 2-hour ethanol lock, 65% of the lumens were decontaminated. The difference between the control and intervention arms was no longer found to be statistically significant ( P = 0.0826). Conclusion: A 2-hour 70% ethanol lock is effective for decontamination of CVLs exposed to tacrolimus.
Comparison of three blood transfusion guidelines applied to 31 feline donors to minimise the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections
Authors: Marenzoni Maria Luisa , Lauzi Stefania , Miglio Arianna , Coletti Mauro , Arbia Andrea , Paltrinieri Saverio , Antognoni Maria Teresa
Published: August 2017

Objectives

The increased demand for animal blood transfusions creates the need for an adequate number of donors. At the same time, a high level of blood safety must be guaranteed and different guidelines (GLs) deal with this topic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of different GLs in preventing transfusion-transmissible infections (TTI) in Italian feline blood donors.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 31 cats enrolled as blood donors by the owners’ voluntary choice over a period of approximately 1 year. Possible risk factors for TTI were recorded. Based on Italian, European and American GLs, specific TTI, including haemoplasmas, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia species, Bartonella species, Babesia species, Theileria species, Cytauxzoon species, Leishmania donovani sensu lato and feline coronavirus (FCoV), were screened. Rapid antigen and serological tests and biomolecular investigations (PCR) were used. Several PCR protocols for haemoplasma and FeLV DNA were compared.

Results

The presence of at least one recognised risk factor for TTI was reported in all cats. Results for FIV and FeLV infections were negative using rapid tests, whereas five (16.1%) cats were positive for FCoV antibodies. Four (12.9%) cats were PCR positive for haemoplasma DNA and one (3.2%) for FeLV provirus, the latter being positive only using the most sensitive PCR protocol applied. Other TTI were not detected using PCR.

Conclusions and relevance

Blood safety increases by combining the recommendations of different GLs. To reduce the risk of TTI, sensitive tests are needed and the choice of the best protocol is a critical step in improving blood safety. The cost and time of the screening procedures may be reduced if appropriate tests are selected. To this end, the GLs should include appropriate recruitment protocols and questionnaire-based risk profiles to identify suitable donors.
Investigation of cage motions affected by its unbalance in a ball bearing
Authors: Han Qingkai , Wen Baogang , Wang Meiling , Deng Sier
Published: August 2017

Cage rotating and whirling inside rolling bearings involve conical motion and easily lead to excessive wear if the cage exists unexpected unbalances. In this study, the cage motions affected by its unbalance in a ball bearing are investigated analytically and experimentally, which helps to understand the bearing dynamics and cage wear. Firstly, a dynamic model of angular contact ball bearing with the unbalanced cage is established to simulate the cage motions as a function of typical cage unbalances over a range of operating speeds. Then, an experimental approach is proposed to measure the spatial motions of the cage with various prescriptive unbalances on a test rig. Finally, the trajectories, waveforms, and spectra of cage motions are constructed and compared to elucidate its diversified patterns under various cage unbalances. The experimental observations of the cage motions agree well with the theoretical predictions and reveal that the whirl motions of cage are evidently affected by its unbalances. The increment of cage unbalance mass makes the trajectories of cage center more regular and enlarges the whirl radii. It is also observed that the amplitudes of the axial and radial motions of the cage, particularly corresponding cage rotating frequency and the wear extent of the cage guiding surface increase with the increment of cage unbalance.
Integration of Non-Destructive Evaluation-based Ultrasonic Simulation: A means for simulation in structural health monitoring
Authors: Boller Christian , Mahapatra D Roy , Sridaran Venkat Ramanan , Ravi Nitin Balajee , Chakraborty Nibir , Shivamurthy Rakesh , Simon Keerthy M
Published: August 2017

Simulation has become a prerequisite in engineering and science today for visualization of ideas and concepts. In non-destructive evaluation, simulation is increasingly used to show how an inspection method functions with regard to the component to be inspected and is even used for determining the probability of detection of a respective flaw with regard to the inspection method applied. Probability of detection in non-destructive evaluation is optimized in a way that the best sensor positions, as well as sensor tracking paths, can be found through simulation. In classical non-destructive evaluation, a transducer or transducer array can be virtually moved over the surface of a component to be inspected until a full capture of the component’s surface and hopefully volume is achieved in terms of the inspection process. However, with structural health monitoring, no movement of the transducers is possible in case those become an integral and hence fixed part of the component considered. Determining the optimum position of a respective structural health monitoring transducer network can therefore only be achieved through optimization procedures, where numerical simulation is possibly the only viable solution to get this done. Establishing a numerical simulation platform for structural health monitoring purposes has been the major objective of the recently completed INDEUS (Integration of Non-Destructive Evaluation-based Ultrasonic Simulation) project, which is described in this article. The open simulation platform includes different simulation tools, where the requirements and options for further extension of those tools and different test cases applied for validation so far are described. The target is to even simulate real complex structures such as applied in civil, aeronautical, and other engineering disciplines made of metallic and polymer-based monolithic and composite materials where the digital models are inherited from traditional computer-aided design and finite element–based designs. This lays the ground for determining the probability of damage for a given loading condition and structure, and the propagation of guided waves in the structure considered for an undamaged and a damage tolerant condition. From those simulation results, the determination of an optimum configuration of sensing transducers for a given set of actuating transducers is then shown for a guided wave–based structural health monitoring system solution to be designed allowing the tolerable damage to be detected reliably.
Using Qualitative Research for Complex Interventions
Authors: Thirsk Lorraine M. , Clark Alexander M.
Published: August 2017

There is growing recognition that current methodology to understand complex interventions in health-care often falls short of comprehensively explaining the interventions. Health-care interventions need to be understood in ways that are responsive to the complexities and intricacies of programs, people, and places. Qualitative research and mixed-methods endeavors attempt to overcome the limits of measurement-based research. This article draws on published theories of complex interventions and argues that research guided by Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics can yield research to complement our understanding of complex interventions in health-care. Specific examples from family intervention research are provided to illustrate the type of knowledge that can be generated with hermeneutic inquiry to understand complex interventions.
Outcomes of open and endovascular repair of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Duque Santos África , Reyes Valdivia Andrés , Romero Lozano María Asunción , Aracil Sanus Enrique , Ocaña Guaita Julia , Gandarias Claudio
Published: August 2017

Objective

Reports on inflammatory aortic abdominal aneurysm treatment are scarce. Traditionally, open surgery has been validated as the gold standard of treatment; however, high technical skills are required. Endovascular aortic repair has been suggested as a less invasive treatment by some authors offering good results. The purpose of our study was to report our experience and outcomes in the treatment of inflammatory aortic abdominal aneurysm using both approaches.

Material and methods

A retrospective review and data collection of all patients treated for inflammatory aortic abdominal aneurysm between 2000 and 2015 was done in one academic center. Diagnosis of inflammatory aortic abdominal aneurysm was based on preoperative CT-scan imaging. Type of treatment, postoperative and long-term morbidity and mortality are described. Abdominal compressive symptoms (hydronephrosis) severity and relief after treatment are described.

Results

Thirty-four patients with intact inflammatory aortic abdominal aneurysm were included. Twenty-nine (85.3%) patients were treated by open means and the remaining five (14.7%) with endovascular aortic repair. Nearly 90% were considered high-risk patients. Median follow-up was 46 months (range 24–112). The two groups were comparable, except for the age and preoperative hydronephrosis. There was no statistical significance in blood transfusion requirements, intensive care hospitalization, 30-day and long-term mortality between the two groups. Preoperative hydronephrosis was diagnosed in four (13.8%) patients in the open surgery group and three (60%) patients in the endovascular aortic repair group. Improvement of hydronephrosis was recognized in three out of the four patients in the open repair group and two out of the three in the endovascular aortic repair group. Renal function remained stable in both groups during follow-up.

Conclusions

Open surgery remains a safe and valid option for the treatment of inflammatory aortic abdominal aneurysm. Although our study included a small number of patients with endovascular aortic repair treatment, results are promising. Further randomized controlled studies may be necessary to assess long-term effectiveness of endovascular aortic repair treatment in this disease.
Choosing Prediction Over Explanation in Psychology: Lessons From Machine Learning
Authors: Yarkoni Tal , Westfall Jacob
Published: August 2017

Psychology has historically been concerned, first and foremost, with explaining the causal mechanisms that give rise to behavior. Randomized, tightly controlled experiments are enshrined as the gold standard of psychological research, and there are endless investigations of the various mediating and moderating variables that govern various behaviors. We argue that psychology’s near-total focus on explaining the causes of behavior has led much of the field to be populated by research programs that provide intricate theories of psychological mechanism but that have little (or unknown) ability to predict future behaviors with any appreciable accuracy. We propose that principles and techniques from the field of machine learning can help psychology become a more predictive science. We review some of the fundamental concepts and tools of machine learning and point out examples where these concepts have been used to conduct interesting and important psychological research that focuses on predictive research questions. We suggest that an increased focus on prediction, rather than explanation, can ultimately lead us to greater understanding of behavior.
Evaluation and performance of a newly developed patient-reported outcome instrument for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in a clinical study population
Authors: Delgado-Herrera Leticia , Lasch Kathryn , Zeiher Bernhardt , Lembo Anthony J. , Drossman Douglas A. , Banderas Benjamin , Rosa Kathleen , Lademacher Christopher , Arbuckle Rob
Published: August 2017

Background:

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed seven-item Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Diarrhea predominant (IBS-D) Daily Symptom Diary and four-item Event Log using phase II clinical trial safety and efficacy data in patients with IBS-D. This instrument measures diarrhea (stool frequency and stool consistency), abdominal pain related to IBS-D (stomach pain, abdominal pain, abdominal cramps), immediate need to have a bowel movement (immediate need and accident occurrence), bloating, pressure, gas, and incomplete evacuation.

Methods:

Psychometric properties and responsiveness of the instrument were evaluated in a clinical trial population [ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01494233].

Results:

A total of 434 patients were included in the analyses. Significant differences were found among severity groups ( p < 0.01) defined by IBS Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) and IBS Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C). Severity scores for each Diary and Event Log item score and five-item, four-item, and three-item summary scores were calculated. Between-group differences in changes over time were significant for all summary scores in groups stratified by changes in PGI-S ( p < 0.05), two of six Diary items, and three of four Event Log items; a one-grade change in PGI-S was considered a meaningful difference with mean change scores on all Diary items −0.13 to −0.86 [standard deviation (SD) 0.79–1.39]. Similarly, for patients who reported being ‘slightly improved’ (considered a clinically meaningful difference) on the PGI-C, mean change scores on Diary items ranged from −0.45 to −1.55 (SD 0.69–1.39). All estimates of clinically important change for each item and all summary scores were small and should be considered preliminary. These results are aligned with the previous standalone psychometric study regarding reliability and validity tests.

Conclusions:

These analyses provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Event Log in a clinical trial population.
Yawning Detection Sensitivity and Yawning Contagion
Authors: Chan Meingold H. M. , Tseng Chia-Huei
Published: August 2017

Contagious yawning—the urge to yawn when thinking about, listening to, or viewing yawning—is a well-documented phenomenon in humans and animals. The reduced yawn contagion observed in the autistic population suggested that it might be empathy related; however, it is unknown whether such a connection applies to nonclinical populations. We examined influences from both empathy (i.e., autistic traits) and nonempathy factors (i.e., individuals’ perceptual detection sensitivity to yawning, happy, and angry faces) on 41 nonclinical adults. We induced contagious yawning with a 5-minute video and 20 yawning photo stimuli. In addition, we measured participants’ autistic traits (with the autism-spectrum quotient questionnaire), eye gaze patterns, and their perceptual thresholds to detect yawning and emotion in human face photos. We found two factors associated with yawning contagion: (a) those more sensitive to detect yawning, but not other emotional expressions, displayed more contagious yawning than those less sensitive to yawning expressions, and (b) female participants exhibited significantly more contagious yawning than male participants. We did not find an association between autistic trait and contagious yawning. Our study offers a working hypothesis for future studies, in that perceptual encoding of yawning interacts with susceptibility to contagious yawning.
Twitter and traumatic brain injury: A content and sentiment analysis of tweets pertaining to sport-related brain injury
Authors: Workewych Adriana M , Ciuffetelli Muzzi Madeline , Jing Rowan , Zhang Stanley , Topolovec-Vranic Jane , Cusimano Michael D
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Sport-related traumatic brain injuries are a significant public health burden, with hundreds of thousands sustained annually in North America. While sports offer numerous physical and social health benefits, traumatic brain injuries such as concussion can seriously impact a player’s life, athletic career, and sport enjoyment. The culture in many sports encourages winning at all costs, placing athletes at risk for traumatic brain injuries. As social media has become a central part of everyday life, the content of users’ messages often reflects the prevailing culture related to a particular event or health issue.

Methods:

We hypothesized that Twitter data might be useful for understanding public perceptions and misperceptions of sport-related traumatic brain injuries. We performed a content and sentiment analysis of 7483 Twitter® tweets related to traumatic brain injuries in sports collected during June and July 2013.

Results:

We identified five major themes. Users tweeted about personal traumatic brain injuries experiences, reported traumatic brain injuries in professional athletes, shared research about sport-related concussions, and discussed policy and safety in injury prevention, such as helmet use. We identified mixed perceptions of and sentiment toward traumatic brain injuries in sports: both an understanding that brain injuries are serious and disregard for activities that might reduce the public burden of traumatic brain injuries were prevalent in our Twitter analysis.

Conclusion:

While the scientific and medical community considers a concussion a form of traumatic brain injuries, our study demonstrates a misunderstanding of this fact among the public. In our current digital age, social media can provide useful insight into the culture around a health issue, facilitating implementation of prevention and treatment strategies.
Hypertrophy of the abductor hallucis muscle: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kurashige Toshinori
Published: August 2017

Objectives:

Muscle hypertrophy is a relatively rare condition that may cause nerve entrapment syndromes. We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with unilateral hypertrophy of the abductor hallucis muscle with entrapment of the medial plantar nerve and review the literature.

Methods:

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed unilateral hypertrophy of the abductor hallucis muscle.

Results:

Two injections of steroid and lidocaine at the point of tenderness resulted in resolution of the pain.

Conclusions:

We report a rare case of hypertrophy of the abductor hallucis muscle considered with entrapment of the medial plantar nerve. Treatment of this condition should be selected according to the pathological condition of each patient.
Automating Quality Oncology Practice Initiative Quality Measure NHL78a
Authors: Mansour Richard , Master Samip
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Quality measurement and improvement is a focus of ASCO. In the era of electronic health records (EHRs), computerized order entry, and medication administration records, quality monitoring can be an automated process. The EHR data are usually stored within tables in a relational database management system. ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative measure NHL78a (hepatitis B virus antigen test and hepatitis B core antibody test within 3 months before initiation of obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, or rituximab for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma) presents an opportunity for automation of a quality measure using existing data in the EHR.

Methods

We used a locally developed Structured Query Language (SQL) language procedure in the Microsoft SQL Query Manager to access the EPIC CLARITY database. Access to the relational database management system of the EHR permits rapid case identification (the denominator set) of the unique ID of all of the patients who have received one of the target medications (ie, obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, or rituximab). Then, we went through a six-step process to find the number of patients who passed or failed the quality measure.

Results

When the final SQL procedure executes, it takes < 5 seconds to see the result set for a 12-month period. The procedure can be changed to incorporate a desired date range. Once the SQL procedure is created, there is essentially no labor and low costs to run the procedure at specific time intervals.

Conclusion

Our method of quality measurement using EHRs is cost effective, fast, and precise, and can be reproduced at other centers.
Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Who Discontinued Treatment With Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Because of Adverse Events: A Pooled Analysis of Randomized Phase II and III Trials
Authors: Schadendorf Dirk , Wolchok Jedd D. , Hodi F. Stephen , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Gonzalez Rene , Rutkowski Piotr , Grob Jean-Jacques , Cowey C. Lance , Lao Christopher D. , Chesney Jason , Robert Caroline , Grossmann Kenneth , McDermott David , Walker Dana , Bhore Rafia , Larkin James , Postow Michael A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Approximately 40% of patients with advanced melanoma who received nivolumab combined with ipilimumab in clinical trials discontinued treatment because of adverse events (AEs). We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients who discontinued treatment because of AEs.

Methods

Data were pooled from phase II and III trials of patients who received nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg, every 3 weeks for four doses, followed by nivolumab monotherapy 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (N = 409). Efficacy was assessed in all randomly assigned patients who discontinued because of AEs during the induction phase (n = 96) and in those who did not discontinue because of AEs (n = 233). Safety was assessed in treated patients who discontinued because of AEs (n = 176) at any time and in those who did not discontinue because of AEs (n = 231).

Results

At a minimum follow-up of 18 months, median progression-free survival was 8.4 months for patients who discontinued treatment because of AEs during the induction phase and 10.8 months for patients who did not discontinue because of AEs ( P = .97). Median overall survival had not been reached in either group ( P = .23). The objective response rate was 58.3% for patients who discontinued because of AEs during the induction phase and 50.2% for patients who did not discontinue. The vast majority of grade 3 or 4 AEs occurred during the induction phase, with most resolving after appropriate management.

Conclusion

Efficacy outcomes seemed similar between patients who discontinued nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment because of AEs during the induction phase and those who did not discontinue because of AEs. Therefore, even after discontinuation, many patients may continue to derive benefit from combination therapy.
Quality Improvement Initiatives to Optimize the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Digby Geneviève C. , Robinson Andrew
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

Patients with lung cancer (LC) frequently have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the optimization of which improves outcomes. A 2014 Queen’s University Hospitals audit demonstrated that COPD was underdiagnosed and undertreated in outpatients with LC. We sought to improve the diagnosis and management of COPD in this population.

Methods:

We implemented change using a Define/Measure/Analyze/Improve/Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle. Data were obtained by chart review from the Cancer Care Ontario database and e-Patient System for patients with newly diagnosed LC, including patient characteristics, pulmonary function test (PFT) data, and bronchodilator therapies. Improvement cycle 1 included engaging stakeholders and prioritizing COPD management by respirologists in the Lung Diagnostic Assessment Program. Improvement cycle 2 included physician restructuring and developing a standard work protocol. Data were analyzed monthly and presented on statistical process control P-charts, which assessed differences over time. The χ2 and McNemar tests assessed for significance between independent and dependent groups, respectively.

Results:

A total of 477 patients were studied (165 patients at baseline, 166 patients in cycle 1, and 127 patients in cycle 2). There was no change in PFT completion over time, although respirology-managed patients were significantly more likely to undergo a PFT than patients who were not managed by respirology (56.7% v 96.1%; P < .00001). The proportion of respirology-managed patients with LC with airflow obstruction receiving inhaled bronchodilator significantly increased (baseline, 46.3%; cycle 1, 51.0%; and cycle 2, 74.3%). By cycle 2, patients with airflow obstruction were more likely to receive a long-acting bronchodilator if managed by respirology (74.3% v 44.8%; P = .0009).

Conclusion:

COPD is underdiagnosed and undertreated in outpatients with LC. A DMAIC quality improvement strategy emphasizing COPD treatment during LC evaluation in the Lung Diagnostic Assessment Program significantly improved COPD management.
Chlamydomonas IFT25 is dispensable for flagellar assembly but required to export the BBSome from flagella
Authors: Dong Bin , Wu Song , Wang Jing , Liu Yan-Xia , Peng Zhao , Meng De-Mei , Huang Kaiyao , Wu Mingfu , Fan Zhen-Chuan
Published: August 2017

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles are composed of polyprotein complexes IFT-A and IFT-B as well as cargo adaptors such as the BBSome. As two IFT-B subunits, IFT25 and IFT27 were found to form a heterodimer, which is essential in exporting the BBSome out of the cilium but not involved in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis in vertebrates. Controversial results were, however, recorded to show that defects in IFT, flagellar assembly and even cytokinesis were caused by IFT27 knockdown in C. reinhardtii. By using C. reinhardtii as a model organism, we report that, depletion of IFT25 has no effect on flagellar assembly and does not affect the entry of the BBSome into the flagellum but impaired its movement out of the flagellum, clarifying the evolutionally conserved role of IFT25 in regulating the exit of the BBSome from the flagellum cross species. Interestingly, depletion of IFT25 causes dramatic reduction of IFT27 as expected, which, however, does not cause defects in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis in C. reinhardtii. Our data thus support that Chlamydomonas IFT27, like its vertebrate homologues, is not involved in flagellar assembly and cytokinesis.
Blocking autophagy enhances the pro-apoptotic effect of bufalin on human gastric cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Li Qinghua , Pang Jie , Jin Huilin , Li Hongwei , Yang Xiaoying
Published: August 2017

Bufalin has been used to treat cancer for several years. However, the molecular mechanisms for its anti-tumor function are not fully understood. This work aimed to investigate the effect of bufalin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer (HGC) cells and the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in bufalin induced apoptosis. HGC cell lines, SGC7901 and BGC823 were treated with different concentration of bufalin or 80 nmol/l bufalin for 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and direct cell counting method were used to detect proliferation. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Protein levels of caspase-3, 8, Bax/Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3, IRE1 and CHOP were determined using western blotting. Autophagy was blocked using 3-methyladenine (3MA) or Atg5 siRNA to evaluate the effect of autophagy on bufalin induced apoptosis. The IRE1 and CHOP were knocked down using specific siRNA to determine the pathway involved in bufalin induced autophagy. It was found that bufalin significantly suppressed proliferation of SGC7901 and BGC823 cells and induced apoptosis in a time and dose dependent manner. The mechanism responsible for bufalin-induced apoptosis was the formation of ER stress via the IRE1-JNK pathway. Moreover, autophagy was activated during ER stress, and blocking autophagy significantly exacerbated bufalin induced apoptosis.
The Golgi entry core compartment functions as a COPII-independent scaffold for ER-to-Golgi transport in plant cells
Authors: Ito Yoko , Uemura Tomohiro , Nakano Akihiko
Published: August 2017

Many questions remain about how the stacked structure of the Golgi is formed and maintained. In our previous study, we challenged this question using tobacco BY-2 cells and revealed that, upon Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment, previously undescribed small punctate structures containing a particular subset of cis-Golgi proteins are formed adjacent to the ER-exit sites and act as scaffolds for Golgi regeneration after BFA removal. In this study, we analyzed these structures further. The proteins that localize to these punctate structures originate from the cis-most cisternae. 3D time-lapse observations show that the trans-Golgi marker is transported through these structures during Golgi regeneration. These data indicate that the cis-most cisternae have a specialized region that receives cargo from the ER, which becomes obvious upon BFA treatment. Expression of a dominant mutant form of SAR1 does not affect the formation of the punctate structures. We propose to call these punctate structures the ‘Golgi entry core compartment’ (GECCO). They act as receivers for the rest of the Golgi materials and are formed independently of the COPII machinery.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Objects: Methods of documenting social change
Authors: Winenciak Katarzyna
Published: August 2017

The aim of this article is to show how photography evidenced social changes in Polish history between 1959 and 2016. It focuses on the problem of documenting average items instead of photo reportage. It presents the pictures created in a variety of political realities: including the communist period in Poland and the years after 1989. By presenting projects of artists Władysław Hasior and Zbigniew Dłubak two different photographic practitioners work are shown. They both were able to see and document changes in the political reality of their time. After the fall of Communism the photographers draw attention to the documentation of ‘neutral’ objects once again. Polish New Documentarists continued earlier actions, but also created their work in the changed realities of the period. They practice what Edouard Pontremoli called ‘the aesthetic of dullness’(Pontremoli: 2006, 162). This article discusses how seemingly objective photographs become a part of the evidence of historical events.
Flüchtlinge: Opfer - Bedrohung - Helden
Authors: Friese Heidrun
Published: August 2017

Wie die Macht der sprachlichen Bilder die gesellschaftspolitischen Debatten prägt, wird in der aktuellen Diskussion über die Flüchtenden, die Schutz in Europa suchen, so deutlich wie selten. Heidrun Friese geht den kontroversen gesellschaftlichen Imaginationen von den Geflüchteten nach: Die Figur des »Fremden« als Bedrohung artikuliert den Rassismus des Populismus und legitimiert Sicherheitspolitiken. Humanitäres, religiös-ethisches Handeln hingegen fasst Geflüchtete als Opfer, die der Hilfe bedürfen. In einer dritten Perspektive wird das Überschreiten von Grenzen zum heroischen Akt stilisiert und antikapitalistischen Kämpfen eingeschrieben. Der Essay interveniert in diesen Schlüsseldiskurs der Einwanderungsgesellschaft und setzt diesen imaginierten Figuren des »Fremden«, die den Flüchtenden auf je verschiedene Weise eine eigene Subjektivität absprechen, ein anderes Bild entgegen.
Medienkunst als Nebenprodukt
Authors: Voropai Lioudmila
Published: August 2017

Welche Rolle spielen Kunstinstitutionen und Kulturpolitik für die aktuelle künstlerische Produktion? Wie beeinflussen sie Themen, Inhalte und Strategien der Konzeptualisierung in der zeitgenössischen Kunst? Am Beispiel der Medienkunst, die sich dank einer kulturpolitischen Konjunktur in den 1990er Jahren institutionell etablieren konnte, untersucht Lioudmila Voropai Formen und Mechanismen der Einwirkung gesellschaftlicher, politischer und ökonomischer Faktoren auf die künstlerische Praxis. Die Studie geht damit weit über die Grenzen einer institutionskritischen Arbeit hinaus und bietet eine breitere theoretische Aufarbeitung der institutionellen Problematik in der Kunst an.
Menschenrechte, Geschlecht, Religion
Authors: Mügge Cornelia
Published: August 2017

Im gegenwärtigen ethischen Diskurs um Menschenrechte nimmt der Fähigkeitenansatz von Martha Nussbaum eine prominente Stellung ein. Er verspricht, eine überzeugendere Antwort mit Blick auf die Herausforderungen universaler Normen zu geben als andere. Doch gelingt ihm dies? Was zeichnet ihn aus? Und was kann er zu aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Kontroversen beitragen? Vor dem Hintergrund der anhaltenden Diskussion um Frauenrechte und Religionsfreiheit, die sich z.B. in der Burka-Debatte konkretisiert, zeichnet Cornelia Mügge Nussbaums Argumentation detailliert nach und diskutiert, wie sie den Herausforderungen von Geschlecht und Religion begegnet. Es lohnt sich, so ihr Plädoyer, Nussbaums Ansatz in der Menschenrechtsdebatte stark zu machen, wenngleich das Universalitätskonzept weiterentwickelt werden sollte.
TransREmigration
Authors: Olivier-Mensah Claudia
Published: August 2017

Welche transnationalen Muster lassen sich in Rückkehrprozessen aus Sicht der Sozialen Arbeit identifizieren? Anhand einer empirischen Studie, die Lebenswelten von ghanaischen BildungsremigrantInnen aus Deutschland beleuchtet, thematisiert Claudia Olivier-Mensah den konzeptionellen und analytischen Zusammenhang von Rückkehr und Sozialer Arbeit und zeigt: Remigration muss in der Perspektive der Sozialen Arbeit als Teil eines zirkulären Systems verstanden werden - statt unter einem Reintegrationsfokus in den nationalstaatlichen Herkunftskontext als erstrebtes Endziel gefasst zu werden. Die qualitativen Analysen münden in dem Konzept der »TransREmigration« sowie in einer Typologie, mit welcher verdeutlicht werden kann, welche transnationalen Mobilitäts-, Netzwerk-, Wissens- und Zugehörigkeitsmuster in Rückkehrprozessen eine Rolle spielen.
EU-Space and the Euroclass
Authors: Lewicki Pawel Michal
Published: August 2017

How are prestige and power anchored in EU-Brussels? Which performances are valued and which are not? Pawel Lewicki's ethnographic analysis gives an insight into how different understandings of modernity and class structures reproduce national performances and stereotypes among EU civil servants. Divisions permeate both political and private life and are not only visible on the map of the city, but also in lifestyles of people living and working in EU-Brussels. In such a cultural setting the strategies applied by newcomers to the EU are shown by Pawel Lewicki in an impressive way. He shows how their presence reveals deeper postcolonial and (post-)imperial dynamics at the heart of the Union.
Erinnerungskultur und kultureller Widerstand in den palästinensischen Gebieten
Authors: Rohrbach Anne
Published: August 2017

Im Israel-Palästina-Konflikt spielen Grenzziehungen nicht nur auf territorialer Ebene eine Rolle, sondern sie (be-)treffen genauso die (Über-)Lebenspraktiken der Menschen vor Ort. Der Konflikt ist damit ein Paradebeispiel für gegenläufige Erinnerungskonstruktionen entlang einseitig definierter Grenzen. Kulturelle Projekte wie beispielsweise das (mittlerweile geschlossene) »Cinema Jenin« und das »Freedom Theatre« geben Aufschluss über Widersprüche und Dynamiken von (gewaltfreiem) Widerstand, Gegen-Erzählungen und Dialog. Anne Rohrbach zeigt, wie kulturelle Projekte Frei-Räume in einer fragmentierten Gesellschaft öffnen und einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leisten können, translokale Erinnerungs- und Widerstandsräume zu etablieren.
Kooperation unter Unsicherheit
Authors: Linke Theresa
Published: August 2017

Die ländliche Wasserversorgung hat sich seit der Unabhängigkeit Namibias grundlegend verändert. Orientiert an globalen Modellen wie dem community-based management führt der Staat in zahlreichen Gemeinden neue Institutionen zur kommunalen Nutzung der Wasserinfrastruktur ein. Theresa Linkes Studie zeigt im Vergleich dreier pastoraler Siedlungen, dass diese Blaupausen oft in einem Widerspruch zu lokalen Bedingungen stehen. Um Unsicherheiten und steigende Kosten für Wasser zu bewältigen, greifen die Bewohner_innen daher auf bestehende Kooperationsnetzwerke zurück. Flexible Praktiken des Tauschens und Teilens sichern so - auch über das Wasser hinaus - den Zugang zu knappen Ressourcen wie Land oder Nahrung.
The Effect of Leverage, Size, Liquidity, Operating Cash Flow on Fixed Asset Revaluation
Authors: Firmansyah Dian , Ahmar Nurmala , Mulyadi JMV
Published: August 2017

This study tries to prove empirically the effect of leverage, size, liquidity and operating cash flows on the revaluation of fixed assets. It used a sample of all non-financial companies, which revalued assets in the periode of 2012-2015, at companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange with upward revaluation category. The analysis was done using Path analysis (PLS) without requiring classical assumption and normality test. The results show that leverage affects Asset revaluation, it proves that high leverage because the company to do revaluation of fixed assets, large companies tend to want to display earnings reports that are not too large to reduce their political costs, with asset revaluation, the value of depreciation is calculated Repeated and reduce the company's profit. Operating cash flows affect the revaluation of fixed assets on the grounds that the company requires funds to pay its obligations as well as in revaluation assets cost a great deal for the appraisal services, audit fees and final tax payments. Yet, liquidity has no effect on the revaluation of fixed assets, Within the last 4 years, the study found that users of the Asset revaluation model reporting in Other Comprehensive Income continue to grow and are expected to become financial statements that have superiority and good quality by reporting fair value. In the next research to add the number of variables on Asset revaluation, as well as expand the sample by involving the company revaluation and non revaluation. In addition, to examine the development of asset revaluation, especially in ASEAN countries related to the adoption of IFRS in the case of fixed asset revaluation.Keyword: Leverage, Size, Liquidity, Cash Flow from operation, and Revaluations Assets.
Effect of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) on Heat Loss in Structural Firefighter Turnout Suits
Authors: McQuerry Meredith , DenHartog Emiel , Barker Roger
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of firefighter's self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) on heat loss through clothing ventilation openings in structural firefighter turnout suits. Passive and active ventilation openings were fabricated into structural turnout suits and tested with and without the SCBA to determine the effect on clothing ventilation. Turnout suits were evaluated under two test conditions on a sweating manikin to measure thermal and evaporative resistance. A predicted total heat loss (THL) value was calculated for each suit and compared to a control turnout without ventilation openings. A significant improvement in heat loss was measured when the SCBA harness, mask, and thermal hood were removed from the structural ensemble. Results showed the SCBA harness significantly decreased heat loss in firefighter turnouts.
Hubungan Paparan Timbal Dalam Darah dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Pekerja Industri Pengecoran Logam Di Ceper Klaten Tahun 2015
Authors: Ambarwanto Sigit Tri , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli , Raharjo Mursid
Published: August 2017

Background: The problem of heavy metal pollution is a serious problem in Indonesia. This metal has been known to be stored in the body for long periods of time as toxins accumulate. Preliminary test results BLL on workers in the metal casting Ceper, found as many as 16 (5.61%) BLL on workers is under (NAB) and 17 (5.28%) workers above (NAB). The research was conducted to determine the relationship between the exposure of lead (Pb) in blood with hypertension in foundry workers CV. Fortification Jaya Batur, Ceper, Klaten. Methods: It was an observational study with Cross Secional design. The population in this study were all workers CV. Jaya fortification. Samples are workers CV. Fortification Jaya who met the inclusion criteria. Gathering data using questionnaires tools, inspection PB in the air using Gravimetry, Pb in the blood examination using AAS (automatic Absorption Spectrophotometer) and hypertension examination tension meter is measured using a needle. Results: The average air Pb 0.13756 mg / dl, the average BLL was 14.38096μg/dl. Chi Square test results showed that there was no relationship between the type of work with hypertension (p = 0.625), There is a relationship between levels of air Pb Pb levels in blood (p = 0.019), There is a relationship between levelsof lead in blood with hypertension(p=0.042).Conclusions:Levels of Air Pb Pb levels in the blood affects that can cause hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension, Blood Lead Level, Klaten