bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To what extent do preservice teachers feel ready to teach? A case study in the Master’s Degree in Teaching in Secondary Education
Authors: Serrano Rodríguez Rocío , Pérez Gracia Elisa , Oteros Jose , Carpio Antonio J.
Published: May 2021

Teacher-training programs around the world, and especially in Europe do not specify in detail the capacities that future professionals should acquire, so it brings about a great discussion among educators, researchers and teachers. The main objective of this study is to collect the impressions of future Secondary Education teachers as regards the competences attained during their studies. The self-evaluation of 353 students was carried out using a Likert-scale questionnaire made up by 13 variables gathered into three dimensions namely social competence, academic competence and personal competence. R Software, InfoStats and SPSS v. 25 software were used in order to analyze the data collected. Confirmatory factorial analyses and linear mixed modelling were applied to identify factors affecting the acquisition of competences. The students’ area of knowledge and their employment situation were key factors in the development of academic and social competences, while the personal dimension was affected only by the area of knowledge. These results obviously show that there are some competences whose level of development could be improved, and we have also identified some weaknesses in the development of certain competences. In addition, these data have allowed us to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the initial teacher-training curriculum.
Uso da Técnica Wavelet para Análise da Concentração de CO2 no Solo
Authors: César dos Santos Alex , Tatiana Vilani Maricéia , Sanches Luciana , De Musis Carlo Ralph
Published: May 2021

O bioma do Pantanal e a conservação de seus recursos naturais têm sido o foco de muitas discussões, tanto na comunidade científica como entre as autoridades governamentais. O crescente aumento da temperatura média, e a diminuição do regime de chuvas, surgem como um dos temas mais evidenciados por pesquisadores da área. Entre as variáveis estudadas na região do bioma pantanteiro, uma das mais importantes é a concentração de CO2 que adquire um grande valor em função de sua relação com as mudanças climáticas no Planeta. Para entender melhor o complexo bioma do Pantanal se faz necessária a utilização de diferentes métodos de análise, como as Transformadas de Wavelets, que demonstram as variações locais de potência dentro da série. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo utilizar a análise de Wavelets de Morlet nas medidas de concentração de CO2 do solo, em área do cerrado no Norte do Pantanal Mato-grossense. Através da relação entre tempo e frequência que se analisa o espectro de energia dos períodos sazonais do Pantanal. Sendo assim, foi possível verificar por meio das análises de sinal e espectros de energia, que as estações de estiagem e vazante apresentaram predominância da concentração de CO2, em que as Wavelets simuladas no software do Matlab, tornaram-se satisfatórios.

 

Palavras-chave: Séries Temporais. Wavelet de Morlet, Modelagem Ambiental

 

Abstract

The Pantanal biome and the conservation of its natural resources has been the focus of many discussions, both in the scientific community and among government authorities. The increasing increase in average temperature, and the decrease in the rainfall regime, is one of the most highlighted themes  by researchers in the area. Among the variables studied in the  Pantanal biome region, one of the most important is the  CO2 concentration that acquires a great value due to its relationship with climate change on the planet. To better understand the complex  Pantanal biome, it is necessary to use different  analysis methods, such as the Wavelet Transforms that demonstrate the local power variations within the series. Thus, the present study aimed to use Morlet's Wavelets analysis in measures of the soil CO2 concentration, in a cerrado area in the North of the Pantanal Mato-grossense. Through the relationship between time and frequency the energy spectrum  was analyzed of the Pantanal seasonal periods. Thus, it was possible to verify through the signal and energy spectra analysis, that the drought and ebb stations showed a predominance of CO2 concentration, where the wavelets simulated in the Matlab software, became satisfactory.

Keywords: Time Series. Morlet Wavelet. Environmental Modeling
La familia Kaufmann y la modernidad americana
Authors: Lopez Alejandra Riaño
Published: May 2021

El rol jugado por la familia Kaufmann como mecenas de las artes en la escena cultural de Norteamérica, es invisibilizado en el cometido de dos de las casas modernas más importantes del siglo XX, la Casa de la Cascada de Frank Lloyd Wright, y la Casa Kaufmann de Richard Neutra. Este artículo revela los criterios y necesidades objetivas de los clientes durante el encargo, construcción y apropiación de las casas, el cual más allá de la financiación económica, sin duda sitúa a los Kaufmann como pioneros que, interactuando de manera activa con los autores de estas piezas icónicas de la arquitectura doméstica, adoptaron y promulgaron nuevas formas de vida, modernas y revolucionarias para la época.
La transformación del paisaje urbano rural del municipio de Montenegro, Quindío.
Authors: Cifuentes Monsalve Diana Marcela , Duque Arango Gloria Inés
Published: May 2021

El reconocimiento del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero ha promovido el desarrollo turístico de la región con un enfoque cultural y ecologico. Sin embargo, el Municipio de Montegro presenta una tranformación urbano rural, en torno a su atractivo principal, el Parque del Café. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la transformación de los espacios públicos (colectivos) como parte del proyecto turístico urbano-rural en el municipio de Montengro (Quindío, Colombia), el cual, hace parte de una serie de cambios en torno al Paisaje Cultural Cafetero. El análisis se desarrolla bajo la metodología cualitativa, donde la cartografía se convierte en la principal herramienta. Esto permite establecer un cruce de información, entre planos, mapas y observación que dejan en evidencia la transformación del suelo rural y el espacio público del área urbana, es decir, el patrimonio urbano rural como objeto de consumo para el turismo cultural.
Anason Tohumu İlavesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans, İç ve Dış Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri ve Yumurta Sarısı Kolesterol Konsantrasyonuna Etkisi
Authors: ÇINAR Erkan , ARSLAN DURU Asuman
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, anason (Pimpinella anisum L.) tohumu ilavesinin yumurtacı tavukların performans, yumurta iç̧ ve dış̧ kalitesi ve yumurta sarısı kolesterol konsantrasyonu üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak, çalışmada, alternatif yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan anason tohumunun toplam fenolik, toplam flavonoid bileşenleri ve antioksidan aktivitesi belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, 36 haftalık yaştaki 55 adet (deneme başı ortalama canlı ağırlıkları 1741.15 g) ticari Lohmann kahverengi yumurtacı tavuk kullanılmıştır. Hayvanların karma yemlerine kontrol (0), 1, 5, 10 ve 20 g kg-1 anason tohumu ilave edilmiştir. Yem kısıtlı (110 g/hayvan), su ise ad-libitum, olarak verilmiştir. Deneme 8 hafta devam ettirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda, anason tohumu ilavesiyle yumurtacı tavukların yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından görülen farklılıklar önemli bulunamamıştır (P>0.05). En düşük yumurta verimi, 1 g kg-1 anason tohumu katkılı grupta gözlemlenmiştir (P
Constituciones provinciales en Colombia
Authors:   Universidad Libre, Amaya León Wilman
Published: May 2021

En el marco de la política nacional de investigación de la Universidad Libre de Colombia, el grupo de investigación IUS PRAXIS de la Seccional Socorro, formuló en el año 2011 un proyecto titulado “Proceso de formación constitucional en la Nueva Granada”, del cual se obtuvo como resultado entre otros, mi tesis doctoral y la publicación de dos artículos en revistas especializadas. Siguiendo la misma línea de trabajo, en el 2016, se inició un nuevo proyecto de investigación bajo el título: “Origen y evolución del constitucionalismo colombiano” del cual se han obtenido algunos resultados significativos en materia de publicación de libros de investigación entre los cuales tenemos: Constitución de la Provincia del Socorro ISBN 978-958-58767-5-0, El día de la independencia ISBN 978-958-58767-8-1, Las capitulaciones de Zipaquirá ISBN 978-958-52520-0-4 y algunos artículos científicos en revistas indexadas. Estos proyectos de investigación han permitido conocer y estudiar cada uno de los textos publicados por los historiógrafos y constitucionalistas colombianos a lo largo de nuestra historia, identificando sus postulados y evaluando su contenido, de igual manera permitió conocer y profundizar en las fuentes primarias existentes en el Archivo General de Indias en España, la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia y el Archivo General de la Nación, junto a una nueva herramienta nacida de las tic´s Como son las bibliotecas digitales: Cervantes Virtual, Biblioteca Digital Mundial, Biblioteca Virtual del Banco de la República, Biblioteca Digital de la Universidad Nacional entre otras, para ir decantando nuestras tesis sobre los orígenes del constitucionalismo colombiano. Esta obra, dedicada con exclusividad al estudio de las Constituciones Provinciales promulgadas en la Nueva Granada entre 1810 y 1815, aborda un tema que no ha sido estudiado con la profundidad requerida en el constitucionalismo colombiano, tal vez uno que otro autor las ha mencionado en sus escritos, (algunas, no todas), haciéndolo de una manera fragmentada y sin profundizar. La razón de ser de los proyectos de investigación, además de difundir nuevo conocimiento, es rescatar algunos elementos de la historia que no han sido del todo conocidos, como es el caso de estas constituciones que son verdaderos hitos del constitucionalismo colombiano, pero que han sido dejadas en el olvido, sin darles el verdadero valor que tienen en el proceso de formación del Estado. Nuestra intención es entregar a la comunidad académica en especial a maestros y estudiantes de la ciencia constitucional, un texto de estudio que reúna en un solo documento, las nueve constituciones provinciales promulgadas en esta primera etapa del constitucionalismo colombiano, de tal manera que se facilite su estudio y comprensión; estamos seguros que al leer cada constitución encontraran en ella los cimientos filosóficos de nuestro constitucionalismo percibiendo la influencia del pensamiento norteamericano y la intención federativa con que empezamos a trasegar el sendero constitucional.
Pengaruh Macam Pupuk Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays-saccharata, Start)
Authors: Dewi Sukuriyati Susilo , Isnawan Bambang Heri , Purwana Dwi
Published: May 2021

A field research to observe the effect of kinds of organic manure and on growth  and yield of sweet  corn  was  done  in Danguran   village,  Klaten  Regency  of Midle Java. The research was conducted during August to October 2003. The field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications. The kinds of organic manure treatment consisted of 5 levels which are: no farm manure (PKO), chicken farm manure (PKl), vermicompost or Kascing (PK2), cow farm manure A (PK3), and cow farm  manure-B (PK4). Each organic matter given was 10 ton /ha. The result showed that the chicken farm manure gave the significantly higher growth and yield  of sweet  corn  than  the others.  The average sweet corn yield obtained in this research was 16,2 ton/ha.
Pengaruh Inokulasi Rhizobium-CMA Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Varietas Kedelai Pada Tanah Entisol
Authors: Utari Lilik , Isnawan Bambang Heri , Khusna Farida
Published: May 2021

A research to observe  the influence of Rhizobium and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhyzae inoculation  on growth  and yield of Edamame and Wilis varieties of soybeans in Entisol  soil. The research  was conducted  in the green house  of Agriculture  Faculty,  Muhammadiyah   University  of Yogyakarta,  from June to September  2003. The field experiment  was arranged  in 4x2 factorial  Completely  Randomized  Design  (CRD) with three  replications.   The  first  factor  was  inoculation treatment which contains four  levels consisted  of:   (1) without  inoculation;   (2) Rhizobium inoculation;   (3) VAM inoculation   and  (4) Rhizobium-VAM inoculation. The second  factor  was the kind of varieties  namely  Edamame  and Wilis. There were 24 research  units  which  contain  12 polybags  of each unit. The result of  this  research   showed   that  there  was  no  interaction   between inoculation treatments and kinds of  varieties   to all  of  parameters, except the  percentage of mycorrhizae infection.  Inoculation  of Rhizobium  and VAM significantly  increased  the growth and yield of Wilis variety.  The  100 grains  weight  of Edamame   variety  was  23.21  g and  Wilis  variety  was 7.49  g. Inoculation  of Rhizobium  on Wilis variety was more compatible than Edamame.  Endogenus  VAM application on Edamame  variety was more compatible than VAM isolates inoculation.
Idea państwa wolnego, suwerennego i niepodległego – fenomen przemian czasów Sejmu Czteroletniego?
Authors: Rolnik Dariusz
Published: May 2021

Czasy stanisławowskie przyniosły refleksję obywateli nad istotą Rzeczypospolitej, ta zaś doprowadziła do próby jej reformowania w czasach Sejmu Wielkiego. Proces ten w swej warstwie powierzchniowej jest znany, jednak jak dokładnie on przebiegał, nie wiemy. Z pewnością tym, co skłaniało współczesnych do refleksji, były nieszczęścia, które spadły na państwo polsko-‑litewskie. Można je różnie definiować i wskazywać na większą lub mniejszą rolę w tym procesie „odradzania narodu”. Aby jednak zmiana nastąpiła, musiało dojść do upowszechnienia takiego toku myślenia i to zagadnienie wydaje się kluczowe do tego, by zrozumieć istotę czasów stanisławowskich. Można zgodzić się z tezą, że zaczyn dobrego zrodził się w głowach ówczesnych elit, w tym również Stanisława Augusta. Jednak idee naprawy państwa, by mogły się zmaterializować, musiała przejąć inna siła, wydaje się, że była nią średnia szlachta. To oczywiście hipoteza i jej potwierdzenie wymaga jeszcze wielu badań, ale wiele wskazuje, że to ona doprowadziła nie tyle do uchwalenia Konstytucji 3 maja, ile do sytuacji, w której większość narodu szlacheckiego była gotowa ją zaakceptować. Sugeruję, że zdecydowała o tym zmiana myślenia elit szlacheckich o roli państwa, czemu towarzyszyła przemiana hierarchii wartości wewnętrznych ważnych w życiu społeczeństwa (co bynajmniej nie oznaczało porzucenia idei republikańskich). Ta ostatnia kwestia jest trudna do definiowania, w sferze tej źródła mają bardzo często charakter deklaratywny – np. wartość przysiąg, oświadczenia poświęcenia dla ojczyzny – trzeba je więc konfrontować z konkretnymi zachowaniami obywateli i dopiero na podstawie otrzymanych wyników starać się o ogólniejsze wnioski.
HEALTHCARE FINANCING AND BUDGETING: THE REGIONAL POLICY PRIORITIES IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19
Authors: Kuzmenko O. , Kashcha M. , Shvindina H. , Hakimova Y. , Tagiyeva N. , Shyian O.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. This paper summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments in the scholarly debates on transformations in healthcare budgeting that should consider the differentiated regional vulnerability in responding to the pandemic. The primary purpose of the study is to identify priorities for local health development programs. The urgency of solving this problem is that the pandemic has revealed the unprecedented unpreparedness of the health care system to respond effectively to challenges; also, hidden problems accumulated during the last decades, which increase the emerging risks. The study is carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) collection, processing, and analysis of statistical data; 2) conducting a cluster analysis for group regions by vulnerability to different classes of diseases; 3) conducting correlation and regression analysis to compare the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (cases and deaths) and the state of the region; 4) selection of the most significant features of the vulnerability of the region; 5) designing the matrix of the choice of priorities for financing targeted programs in the field of health care. Methodological tools of the study were methods of correlation and regression analysis, cluster analysis, testing for autocorrelation by Darbin — Watson method, sigma limited parameterization to identify the most significant coefficients. The method is tested for 25 regions of Ukraine (including Kyiv), as they can serve as pilots for other regions with similar demographic and economic characteristics. The article presents the results of an empirical analysis of the readiness of regions for critical conditions, such as COVID-19. Identifying such readiness and appropriate distribution of regions by disease classes allows to make decisions in financing and budgeting and improve the quality of health care.
Keywords: COVID-19, regional vulnerability to COVID-19, step-by-step nonlinear regression, morbidity, mortality, regional profile, pandemic, multicollinearity, targeting budgeting.
JEL Classification C21, C51, C31, C12, I15, I18, R58, R11
Formulas: 9; fig.: 5; tabl.: 7; bibl.: 36.
ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ФІНАНСОВО-ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Лапішко М. , Тяжкороб І. , Лапішко З. , Федевич Л.
Published: May 2021

Анотація. Зазначено, що в умовах децентралізації фінансово-інвестиційний потенціал регіону розглядається щодо сукупності територіальних громад. У цьому зв’язку акцентовано увагу на питаннях мобілізації фінансових спроможностей об’єднаних територіальних громад для активізації їхньої інвестиційно-інноваційної діяльності, що сприятиме системному розвиткові територіальної економіки. Зазначено, що забезпечення нарощування фінансово-інвестиційного потенціалу економіки території є неможливим без кількісного оцінювання його обсягу і рівня.
Використано спосіб оцінювання рівня забезпеченості регіону власним фінансово-інвестиційним потенціалом на основі співвідношення показників чистого і валового його обсягу. Визначено, що у 2010—2018 рр. в економіці України спостерігається загальна тенденція до збільшення числа регіонів, які мали дефіцит вільних заощаджень, що можуть бути залучені в інвестиційний процес. За результатами аналізу зроблено висновок про асиметричність розвитку регіональної економіки. Відмічено, що з проблемами формування фінансово-інвестиційного потенціалу найменше зіштовхнулися регіони з розвиненою промисловістю.
Запропоновано для нарощення власного фінансового ресурсу територіальної громади розвивати потенціал підприємницького сектору в напрямі налагодження імпортозаміщення. Апробовано на прикладі Львівської області авторську ідею вибору галузі для організації імпортозаміщувальних виробництв, що полягає у спрямуванні фінансово-інвестиційних ресурсів у ті сектори промисловості, які матимуть добрі споживчі перспективи, однак частка яких на ринку є незначною через переваги імпорту. У результаті в регіонів (територій) з’явиться можливість не тільки продукувати й мобілізувати внутрішні, а залучати й акумулювати зовнішні фінансово-кредитні та інвестиційні ресурси, забезпечуючи тим самим ефективний соціально-економічний розвиток.
Ключові слова: фінансово-інвестиційний потенціал, територіальна економіка, територіальна громада, імпортозаміщення, стратегія.
Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 3; бібл.: 11. .
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗКІВ МІЖ РІВНЕМ ЖИТТЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ, СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИМИ І ДЕМОГРАФІЧНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Бурлан С. , Каткова Н. , Марущак С.
Published: May 2021

Анотація. Метою дослідження є визначення кількісного взаємозв’язку між показниками економічного зростання, соціального прогресу, демографічних змін та рівня життя населення.
Для встановлення взаємозв’язку між соціальними і економічними процесами була проведена вибірка показників для їх оцінки, з використанням кореляційно-регресійного аналізу визначена залежність між ними. В сукупності проаналізовано динаміку та щільність зв’язків між 72 соціально-економічними і демографічними показниками на основі офіційних статистичних даних за 17 років. В результаті дослідження виявлений тісний зв’язок тривалості життя населення, приросту його чисельності з показниками економічного розвитку і добробуту, зокрема, між показником ВВП у розрахунку на одну особу і сумарним коефіцієнтом народжуваності, середнім віком населення, квінтильним коефіцієнтом фондів, що характеризує ступінь диференціації доходів населення.
Визначені також тісні взаємозв’язки між середнім віком, «грошовими» показниками добробуту (середнім розміром призначеної пенсії, середньомісячною заробітною платою, наявним доходом у розрахунку на одну особу) та споживання (обсягом реалізованої промислової продукції, оборотом роздрібної торгівлі). Виявлено, що зміна наявних доходів у розрахунку на одну особу тісно пов’язана з низкою демографічних показників, таких як чисельність населення, природний приріст (скорочення) населення, середній вік населення.
У ході дослідження встановлено, що зростання валового внутрішнього продукту не залежить напряму від чисельності населення і чисельності зайнятих в економіці; між показниками виявлених злочинів і кількістю вишів та кількістю студентів у цих закладах існує помірна залежність, а між показниками рівня безробіття і злочинності з соціально-економічними показниками відсутній щільний зв’язок, хоча він мав би бути.
Ключові слова: взаємозв’язок, коефіцієнт кореляції, показники, рівень життя, соціальний прогрес, економічне зростання, демографічні зміни, оцінювання.
Формул: 0; рис.: 1; табл.: 4; бібл.: 16.
Survey of the wheat and derivatives production chain regarding the 2030 Agenda and the SDG
Authors: Racowski Ilana , Amato Neto João
Published: May 2021

The adequacy of the 2030 Agenda and the SDG is a new instrument that companies should implement within their innovative processes to improve social, environmental, and economic issues internally and externally. Thus, this work aims to diagnose the wheat and derivatives segment and the adoption/implementation of the 2030 Agenda and SDG to business practices. To this end, a sample of 91 companies of the wheat agribusiness and processing industry was studied, using the survey-based exploratory-descriptive methodology. Data collected underwent qualitative and quantitative analysis, which demonstrated that although many of the SDGs are under assessment for possible new integration with those remaining and those under implementation, the number of objectives already included in business practices is still trivial (38.4%, that is, about 6 out of 17).
Measuring depression and anxiety prevalence among Iraqi healthcare college students using hospital anxiety and depression scale
Authors: Kathem Sarmed H. , Al Jumaili Ali A. , Noor-Aldeen Malak , Najah Noor , Ali Khalid Dema
Published: May 2021

Objective: The study aimed to 1) measure the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Iraqi pharmacy and medical students at a number of universities in Baghdad using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and 2) investigate the association between various sociodemographic factors and students’ HADS scores.

Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional descriptive design in four universities in Baghdad, Iraq. Depression and anxiety were screened using an Arabic version of the HADS. An online survey was administered via Qualtrics to convenience samples of students at four colleges of pharmacy and a college of medicine between March and June 2018. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among the participants.

Results: The researchers received 750 usable surveys. The participating students spent more time browsing social media (6.64 hours/day) than studying (1.92 hours/day) and exercising (2.83 hours/week). Approximately forty-six percent (45.9%) of the participants had scores that indicated depression symptoms and one-quarter (24.8%) had scores that indicated depression borderline symptoms. More than one-half (52.1%) of the participants had scores that indicated anxiety symptoms, while 20.1% had scores that indicated anxiety borderline symptoms. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, more depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly (p-value <0.05) associated with higher study hours weekly and lower sleep hours at night, academic achievement, and colleagues and family social support during exams.

Conclusions: Pharmacy and medical students may be vulnerable to depression and anxiety because of long study hours.. To reduce their levels of anxiety and depression, they may need more social support, more exercise, more sleep, less social media use and a lower academic workload.
Bedingungen der Insolvenz von Unternehmen in Polen in der Jahren 2003–2013
Authors: Krajewska Katarzyna , Kudelska Marlena
Published: May 2021

Konkurs der Unternehmen ist in der modernen Wirtschaft nichts Ungewöhnliches. Es ist ein Prozess, der mit der Funktionsweise der Wirtschaft nach marktwirtschaftlichen Grundsätzen stark verbunden ist. Die Durchführung des Insolvenzverfahrens wird gesetzlich geregelt und durch das Gesetz vom 28. Februar 2003 festgelegt – Konkurs – und Sanierungsrecht, Gesetzblatt. 2003 No. 60, Pos. 535. Der Konkurs bedeutet nicht mit dem Gewerbe auf zuhören. Kraft des Gerichtsurteils kann es mit dem Vertrag verkündet werden. Das heißt, der Schuldner kann zu einem gewissen Grad das Gewerbe weiterhin treiben und nach vorherigen Vereinbarungen seine Gläubiger abzahlen. Ansonsten umfasst der Konkurs die Liquidation des Schuldnervermögens. Ziel des Artikels ist es, die Besonderheiten des Konkurses der Unternehmen in Polen in den Jahren 2003–2013 zu präsentieren. Statistische Analyse der insolventen Unternehmen in Polen durchzuführen und deren Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden makroökonomischen Faktoren zu zeigen.
Herkules w stajni niewspółmierności
Authors: Polanowska-Sygulska Beata
Published: May 2021

Autorka w niniejszym artykule próbuje udowodnić, że rozstrzygnięcia teoretyczne dokonane na poziomie najgłębszej warstwy filozofii praktycznej – to jest filozofii moralnej – wywierają decydujący wpływ na wizję prawa i jego stosowanie. W swojej pracy przeciwstawia poglądy Josepha Raza oraz Ronalda Dworkina, podkreślając jednocześnie, że pomimo wielu podobieństw i przynależności do podobnego nurtu myśli filozoficznej, obydwaj panowie mają bardzo odmienne perspektywy na poziomie filozofii prawa.
Momosa pragmatyzm prawny: rzeczywiste granice teorii, rozsądne granice krytyki
Authors: Dyrda Adam
Published: May 2021

Niniejszy tekst składa się z dwóch zasadniczych części. W pierwszej autor dokonuje krótkiej charakterystyki pragmatyzmu prawnego jako kierunku teoretycznoprawnego. W drugiej wskazuje krótko na podstawowe zarzuty, jakie są wysuwane pod adresem pragmatyzmu prawnego, aby wykazać, że przynajmniej niektóre z nich są oparte na nieporozumieniu. Przy tym ostatnim zadaniu posłuży się taktyką, której zasadniczą zaletą jest to, że pozwala ona ujawnić cechy swoiste danej teorii na zasadzie kontrastu, tj. przez pryzmat zniekształceń dokonywanych przez nieprzychylnych krytyków. Autor zwraca również uwagę na fakt, iż coraz częściej pozytywizm prawny oraz pragmatyzm prawniczy nawet jeśli nie mają ze sobą wiele wspólnego, to przynajmniej nie pozostają w konflikcie, jeśli interpretować je życzliwie.
Enhancing the Productivity and Quality of Tomato using Magnetized Water and Humic Acid as Bio-stimulant Agents
Authors: Helaly Amira A.
Published: May 2021

Background: Humic acid is a natural bio-stimulant, which has a major influence on growth and crop quality. Also, Magnetic water treatment enhances both crop productivity and quality, which leads to the efficient use of cultivated land by using water resources available for crop production. This study aims to determine the effects of magnetized water irrigation and application of humic acid with different concentrations as a bio-stimulation on tomato plants, Solanum Lycopersicon cv. Hybrid “86”. Methods: The experiment was conducted during the tow growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 at the Agricultural Experimental Station Farm at Abies region, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt. The experiment design was split-plot with three replications. Two irrigation water treatments (magnetized and non-magnetic water) were arranged in the main plots and four concentrations of humic acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1) were distributed over sub-plots. Result: The results showed that irrigation with magnetized water had a positive effect on the vegetative growth traits, yield and its components and the quality of tomato fruits parameters. There was also a clear desirable effect of humic acid addition with different concentrations, as the results indicated that the use of the highest concentration of humic acid (3 g L-1) reflected the highest values for all the studied traits. The results of the interaction between irrigation with magnetized water and application of humic acid showed that the best results and the highest values for all studied characters were recorded when using magnetic water (MW) combined with 3 g L-1 of humic acid (HA), without significant differences from the interaction treatment MW combined with 2 g L-1 HA for most traits. However, the two treatments combinations MW with 2 g L-1 HA and Non-MW with 3 g L-1 HA didn’t significant differ from each other for all studied characters at the two growing seasons. These results indicated that using the magnetic water with humic acid led to the possibility of reducing the amount of humic acid by one-third and enhances both crop productivity and quality of tomato plants. Generally, we can recommend using magnetized water irrigation with humic acid addition at concentration of 3.g L-1 or 2.g L-1 to enhance the productivity and quality of the tomato plant.
Children’s Work in West African Cocoa Production: Drivers, Contestations and Critical Reflections
Authors: Thorsen Dorte , Maconachie Roy
Published: May 2021

Cocoa farming in West Africa has a long history of relying on family labour, including children’s labour. Increasingly, global concern is voiced about the hazardous nature of children’s work, without considering how it contributes to their social development. Using recent research, this paper maps out the tasks undertaken by boys and girls of different ages in Ghana and how their involvement in work considered hazardous has changed. We show that actions to decrease potential harm are increasingly difficult and identify new areas of inquiry.
How Clean Are Our Taxpayer Returns? Data Management in Uganda Revenue Authority
Authors: Mayega Jova , Waiswa Ronald , Nabuyondo Jane , Nalukwago Isingoma Milly
Published: May 2021

The paper assesses the cleanliness of taxpayer returns at the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) in terms of: (a) completeness – the extent to which taxpayers submit all the required information as specified in the return forms; (b) accuracy – the extent to which the submitted information is correct; (c) consistency – the extent to which taxpayers submit similar information in cases where the same information is required in different types of tax returns, or submitted in the same type of tax return, but for different time periods; and (d) permanence – the extent to which the returns are likely to be later modified by taxpayers.
Promoting Gender Equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region
Authors: Enfield Sue
Published: May 2021

This helpdesk report synthesises evidence on the drivers and opportunities for promoting gender equality in the Eastern Neighbourhood region. Although equality between women and men is enshrined in the constitutions and legal systems of all Eastern Neighbourhood countries, and all countries have ratified most of the important international conventions in this area without reservations; women are still subject to social discrimination. Discriminatory laws, social norms, and practices rooted in patriarchal systems inherited from the Soviet era have negative consequences and act as drags upon gender equality. Former Soviet states making the transition from a command economy to a market-driven system need to make changes in governance and accountability systems to allow for women to have agency and to benefit from any nominal status of gender equality. This report considers areas where there are outstanding opportunities to improve women’s situation in Eastern Neighbourhood countries.
SSHAP Roundtable: 2021 Ebola Outbreak in Guinea
Authors: Bedford Juliet
Published: May 2021

SSHAP convened a virtual roundtable of expert advisors on Friday 12 March 2021 to discuss the outbreak of Ebola in Guinea declared on 14 February 2021. At the time of writing (19 March 2021), there have been 18 cases (14 confirmed, 4 probable), 9 deaths (including 5 in the community; CFR 50%) and 6 recoveries. Six of the 7 first cases identified were from the family of the first case, a 51-year-old nurse from Gouecke who died in N’Zérékoré on 28 January. Vaccination was launched on 23 February, and as of 17 March, 3,492 people had been vaccinated. The last new case was reported on 4 March 2021.
Key Considerations: Operational Considerations for Building Community Resilience for COVID-19 Response and Recovery
Authors: Schmidt-Sane Megan , Niederberger Eva , Hrynick Tabitha
Published: May 2021

As the unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there is a need to robustly support vulnerable communities and bolster ‘community resilience.’ A community resilience approach means to work in partnership with communities and strengthen their capacities to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, including its social and economic fallout. However, this is not resilience which returns the status quo. This moment demands transformative change in which inequalities are tackled and socioeconomic conditions are improved. While a community resilience approach is relatively new to epidemic preparedness and response, it frames epidemic shocks more holistically and from the perspective of a whole system. While epidemic response often focuses on mitigating vulnerabilities, there is an opportunity to use a resilience framework to build existing capacities to manage health, social, psychosocial, and economic impacts of an epidemic. This makes a resilience approach more localised, adaptable, and sustainable in the long-term, which are key tenets of an epidemic response informed by social science. This brief presents considerations for how health and humanitarian practitioners can support communities to respond to and recover from COVID-19 using a community resilience approach. This brief was developed for SSHAP by IDS (led by Megan Schmidt-Sane with Tabitha Hrynick) with Anthrologica (Eva Niederberger).
Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-March 2021
Authors: Tulloch Olivia , Roldan de Jong Tamara , Bardosh Kevin
Published: May 2021

Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
Yasmina Romero Morales, Moras. Imaginarios de género y alteridad en la narrativa española femenina del siglo XX
Authors: Cabrera Castro Paula
Published: May 2021

Yasmina Romero Morales, Moras. Imaginarios de género y alteridad en la narrativa española femenina del siglo XX. Pról. de Mohamed Abrighach. Madrid: Plaza y Valdés Editores, 2019. 350 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-17121-27-3.
An indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain isolated from Paarl regional Shiraz grapes to enhance Shiraz wine typicity
Authors: Williams Michell , Khan Wesaal , Ntushelo Nombasa , Hart Rodney
Published: May 2021

Wine yeast starter cultures differ in their ability to release aroma-enhancing metabolites associated with typical varietal wines. Therefore, this study investigated an indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from Paarl regional Shiraz grapes for the release of, amongst others, volatile thiols (aroma compounds traditionally associated with white cultivars, especially Sauvignon blanc) during the 2016 and 2017 vintages using Shiraz grape must. Chemical analyses of final wines showed that the indigenous strain i.e., NI6 produced Shiraz wines lower volatile acidity (VA) and acetic acid concentrations than wines produced with reference strains i.e., WE372 and MERIT, respectively. This was further supported by descriptive sensory evaluations of wines, as NI6 wines had typical Shiraz varietal aromas and flavours, i.e.,“berry”, “jammy”, “smoky” and “spicy and peppery”. This yeast strain also produced wines with more 3-mercapto-1-hexanol (3MH), a volatile thiol that imparts black currant aromas in red wines, than both red wine reference strains in 2016. Both red wine reference strains, however, produced red wines with higher ester compounds (imparts “fruity” aroma) concentrations than strain NI6. Nonetheless, the ability of NI6 to consistently release volatile thiols during both vintages is advantageous for Shiraz wine typicity. Overall, this study showed that wines with a positive correlation with black and/or fruits aromas and flavours also had volatile thiol levels above its sensory detection thresholds, which indicates that ester compounds are not solely responsible for Shiraz wine fruity aromas and flavours as was traditionally reported.
Diagnosis of Schistosoma Infection in Non-Human Animal Hosts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Song , Ponpetch Keerati , Zhou Yi-Biao , Guo Jia-Gang , Erko Berhanu , Stothard J. Russell , Murad M. Hassan , Zhou Xiao-Nong , Satrija Fadjar , Webster Joanne , Remais Justin , Utzinger Juerg , Garba Amadou
Published: May 2021

Background Reliable and field-applicable diagnosis of schistosome infections in non-human animals is important for surveillance, control, and verification of interruption of human schistosomiasis transmission. This study aimed to summarize uses of available diagnostic techniques through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods and principal findings We systematically searched the literature and reports comparing two or more diagnostic tests in non-human animals for schistosome infection. Out of 4,909 articles and reports screened, 18 met our inclusion criteria, four of which were considered in the meta-analysis. A total of 14 techniques (parasitologic, immunologic, and molecular) and nine types of non-human animals were involved in the studies. Notably, four studies compared parasitologic tests (miracidium hatching test (MHT), Kato-Katz (KK), the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique (DBL), and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation-digestion (FED-SD)) with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and sensitivity estimates (using qPCR as the reference) were extracted and included in the meta-analyses, showing significant heterogeneity across studies and animals hosts. The pooled estimate of sensitivity was 0.21 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 – 0.48) with FED-SD showing highest sensitivity (0.89, 95% CI: 0.65 – 1.00). Conclusions and significance Our findings suggest that the parasitologic technique FEA-SD and the molecular technique, qPCR, are the most promising field-applicable techniques for schistosome diagnosis in non-human animal hosts. Future studies are needed for validation and standardization of the techniques for real-world field applications.
Encapsulation of Carotenoids as Food Colorants via Formation of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes: A Review
Authors: Fuenmayor Carlos Alberto , Baron Cangrejo Omar Giovanny , Salgado Rivera Paula Andrea
Published: May 2021

The use of natural carotenoids as food colorants is an important trend of innovation in the industry due to their low toxicity, their potential as bio-functional ingredients, and the increasing demand for natural and organic foods. Despite these benefits, their inclusion in food matrices presents multiple challenges related to their low stability and low water solubility. The present review covers the main concepts and background of carotenoid inclusion complex formation in cyclodextrins as a strategy for their stabilization, and subsequent inclusion in food products as color additives. The review includes the key aspects of the molecular and physicochemical properties of cyclodextrins as complexing agents, and a detailed review of the published evidence on complex formation with natural carotenoids from different sources in cyclodextrins, comparing complex formation methodologies, recovery, inclusion efficiency, and instrumental characterization techniques. Moreover, process flow diagrams (PFD), based on the most promising carotenoid-cyclodextrin complex formation methodologies, are proposed, and discussed as a potential tool for their future scale-up. This review shows that the inclusion of carotenoids in complexes with cyclodextrins constitutes a promising technology for the stabilization of these pigments, with possible advantages in terms of their stability in food matrices.
Neoliberalism and the Environment: Are We Aware Of Appropriate Action to Save the Planet and Do We Think We Are Doing Enough?
Authors: Jones Ellie-Anne , Stafford Rick
Published: May 2021

We currently face several, interlinked environmental crises, including climate change, habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. However, many governments seem unwilling to take strong and immediate action to address these threats, preferring to promote neoliberal approaches to allow consumers and the general public to make environmentally friendly choices. This is despite neoliberal approaches being much less likely to be successful than government leadership, taxation, subsidies, and legislation in addressing environmental issues. In this study, we examine public perception of environmental threats and solutions to these threats, in a survey, mainly completed in the UK. Climate change is seen as the biggest issue, likely due to recent activist campaigns and subsequent media attention on the issue. Neoliberal attitudes, such as green consumer choices to environmental concerns, do still dominate in a series of possible presented solutions, and score more highly than lifestyle changes such as changing diet. However, when questioned specifically about plastic pollution, government intervention to ban all unnecessary plastic scored very strongly, indicating a shift from a consumer driven response. Furthermore, most participants think they are at best only partly ‘doing their bit’ to protect the environment. The results demonstrate that the public are aware that not enough is happening to protect the environment and provide evidence that there is willingness for stronger government intervention to address environmental issues, although there is potential resistance to major lifestyle changes.
Substitution Arg140Gly in HA/H7 attenuated highly pathogenic avian influenza virus FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1)
Authors: Postnikova Yulia , Treshchalina Anastasia , Boravleva Elizaveta , Gambaryan Alexandra , Ishmukhametov Aydar , Sadykova Galina , Lomakina Natalia , Belyakova Alla , Prilipov Alexei
Published: May 2021

The H7 subtype of avian influenza viruses (AIV) stands out among other AIV. H7 viruses circulate in ducks, poultry, equine and have repeatedly caused outbreaks of disease in humans. In order to study the pathogenicity factors of H7N1 viruses, several laboratory variants of the A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) strain were obtained by passages in the chicken lungs. After 10 such passages, a variant was obtained that differed from the parent virus by amino acid substitutions Val109Phe in PB2, Gln621Lys in PB1, Thr32Ala and Leu586Phe in PA Gly140Arg in HA1 and Ala101Thr in HA2 (numbering by H3), Ser82Arg in M2, Arg118Lys and Met124Arg in NS1. No differences were found in proteins NA, NP, M1 and NS2. The resulting variant was hundreds of times more pathogenic for chickens than the original laboratory variant of the virus. The study of intermediate passages showed that the jump in pathogenicity occurs sharply between the fifth and sixth passage through the chicken lungs. By cloning these variants, a pair of strains (R5p and R6p) were obtained, and the complete genomes of these strains were sequenced. Single amino acid substitution was revealed, namely Gly140Arg in HA1. It is important to emphasize that this substitution is a reversion, since Arg is located in position 140 HA1 of original the A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) virus (GenBank). This amino acid is located at the head part of the hemagglutinin, adjacent to the receptor-binding site. In addition to the increased pathogenicity, R6p differs from R5p by an increased affinity for a negatively charged receptor analogue, an increased affinity for MDCK cells, while maintaining a receptor specificity profile.
Social and Behavioral Rhythms as a Marker of Well-being Indicator in Old Adults Living at Home
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Pintus Elisa , Zaccheddu Rosanna , Callia Omar , Conti Giuliana , Gonzalez Cesar Ivan Aviles , Minerba Luigi , Demontis Roberto , Pau Massimiliano , Cocco Eleonora , Penna Maria Petronilla , Kalcev Goce , Lorrai Stefano , Velluzzi Fernanda , Lovoselli Andrea , Monticone Marco , Massidda Maria Valeria , Pinna Maria Rita , Lorrai Stefano , Cauli Alberto , Scano Alessandra , Orrù Germano , Crisafulli Antonio , Cosentino Sofia , Machado Sergio , Fortin Dario , Migliaccio Gian Mario , Finco Gabriele , Cossu Giulia
Published: May 2021

Social and behavioral rhythms (SBRs) are related to circadian rhythms well known as central points in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorders. The purpose is to verify in elderly people if having functional SBRs correlated with a positive perception of the quality of life (QoL) and health parameters and if there was an association between dysfunctionality of SBRs and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Sample: 141 people aged 65 years (58,9%Female). Each subject was submitted to SBRs Scale (in which higher scores show more dysfunctional SRB); SF-12 for QoL; PHQ-9 for depressive symptoms and underwent blood levels essays including cholesterol and triglyceride. The medical documented lifetime diagnosis including Major Depressive Disorder was taken into account. SBRs Scale score correlated inversely with SF-12 score (r=-0.360, p<0.0001) and positively with PHQ9 (r=0.396, p<0.0001). Lifetime MDD medical diagnosis was associated with a higher score at scale on social rhythms (24.811.9 vs 20.18.0, F=15.848, p<0.0001).The study highlighted, for the first time, that SBRs such as sleep, and nutrition have a role in well-being and that dysregulation of SBRs is related to MDD. Further longitudinal studies with a sufficient number of individuals will have to confirm these data and clarify causal links of the association between QoL and SBRs.