bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye'de Kayısı Islah Çalışmaları ve Islah Edilen Yeni Çeşitler
Authors: Asma Bayram Murat , Karaat Fırat Ege , Çuhacı Çiğdem , Doğan Aliseydi , Karaca Hazal
Published: December 2017

Kayısı, güzel renk, tat ve aroması, yüksek A vitamini ve diyet lifi içeriğiyle yaz mevsiminde sevilerek tüketilen meyvelerin başında gelir. İlkbahar geç donlarının neden olduğu kayıplar, farklı iklim koşullarına zayıf adaptasyon, sofralık kayısılarda raf ömrünün kısa olması, şarka ve monilya hastalığının yol açtığı zararlar bugün kayısı yetiştiriciliğinde karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardır. Son yıllarda tüketici tercihlerinde yaşanan hızlı değişimlere birlikte renk, tat, aroma ve irilik bakımından farklı özelliklere sahip yeni kayısı çeşitlerine talep artmıştır. Kayısı ıslah çalışmalarının önemli bölümü kuzey yarımkürede yoğunlaşmış olup 74 çeşit ile ABD ve 70 çeşit ile Fransa en fazla kayısı ıslahı yapılan ülkeler olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu süreçte Türkiye‘de ise sadece on bir kayısı çeşidi tescil ettirilmiştir. Bu çeşitlerden yedisi tanesi (Alata Yıldızı, Çağataybey, Çağrıbey, Dr. Kaşka, Şahinbey, Dilbay ve Eylül) melezleme ıslah yöntemiyle, diğerleri ise seleksiyon yoluyla geliştirilmiştir. Alkaya kayısı çeşidi hem sofralık hem de kurutmalık değerlendirmeye uygundur. Eylül ve Mihrialibey geç, diğer çeşitler ise erkenci ve orta mevsim olgunlaşma özelliğine sahiptir. Bu makalede, ülkemizde bugüne kadar yapılan kayısı ıslah çalışmaları gözden geçirilerek bu çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar kısaca özetlenmiş, tescil edilerek üretime sunulan yeni kayısı çeşitlerinin önemli özelliklerine yer verilmiştir.
Migration, Gender and Visual Culture:
Authors: Horvat Ksenija Vidmar
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates visual representations of migrants in Slovenia. The focus is on immigrant groups from China and Thailand and the construction of their ‘ethnic’ presence in postsocialist public culture. The aim of the paper is to provide a critical angle on the current field of cultural studies as well as on European migration studies. The author argues that both fields can find a shared interest in mutual theoretical and critical collaboration; but what the two traditions also need, is to reconceptualize the terrain of investigation of Europe which will be methodologically reorganized as a post- 1989 and post-westernocentric. Examination of migration in postsocialism may be an important step in drawing the new paradigm.
Symbolic Media Consumption
Authors: Förster Kati , Kleinen-von Königslöw Katharina , Archiv Medienjournal
Published: December 2017

Mehr als jemals zuvor sind Konsumpraktiken Ausdruck individueller Selbstkonzepte. Das trifft in gleicher Weise auch auf Mediennutzungsgewohnheiten zu. Medien werden damit selbst zu „Zutaten“ fu?r die eigene Identitätsarbeit, dies umso mehr als Mediennutzungspräferenzen zunehmend in sozialen Medien gezeigt werden. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags besteht darin, die symbolische Bedeutung der Mediennutzung fu?r die soziale Identitätsarbeit zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden mit Online-Tagebu?chern (n  = 59) die Mediennutzungsgewohnheiten junger Erwachsener u?ber einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen erhoben. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurden zwölf Genres ausgewählt und deren symbolische Bedeutung erhoben. Dazu wurde ein projektives Verfahren verwendet (n  = 225). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass lediglich sechs der zwölf untersuchten Genres dazu geeignet sind, eine bestimmte Gruppenzugehörigkeit gegenu?ber anderen zu signalisieren: Nachrichten als Information, Comedy als performativer Inhalt und Komödien als fiktionale Unterhaltung sind Genres, die als ‚sozialer Kleber‘ fungieren. Dem gegenu?ber verstärken Society-Formate, Scripted Dokus und Fantasy/ScienceFiction/Horror-Formate die Distinktion. Sie verringern einerseits die Sympathie und erhöhen die wahrgenommen Unterschiede zur Gruppe.
Komunikasi Pemasaran Destinasi Cagar Budaya di Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Fauziyah Fauziyah , Pareno Sam Abede
Published: December 2017

Tourism is recently becoming excellent attraction for Indonesia development. Lots of Indonesia region have striven to develop its tourism destination in attracting more tourist, including Lumajang regency as one of potential destinations with several kinds of tourism object in East Java. One of those is the cultural heritage. Besides, culture and natural tourism object are something may not be missed. From these phenomenon, the writer would like to have research on topic Marketing Communication Cultural Tourism Destination In Lumajang District. It is based on great potency of cultural heritage in LumajangIn this research, the writer will apply qualitative method approach and integrated marketing communication theory. It is to understand the tourism marketing strategy of Lumajang cultural heritage. It is due to great potency of Archaeological sites in Lumajang which needs certain strategy in increasing the number of visitor.Tourism and Cultural Department of Lumajang as the manager needs to compile innovative and creative steps in marketing communication implementation. Tourism and Cultural Department of Lumajang, in fact, has not maximumly implemented that marketing communication at all. For intense, it concerns marketing target and even positioning which is so limited. It seriously will make government need to plan innovative marketing communication design and message as creative as possible. Therefore, I may influence tourist to visit Lumajang regency more. The results showed that the means of integrated marketing communication has not been applied as a whole so that required a very high commitment by the Government of Lumajang Regency, in this case the Department of Tourism and Culture of Lumajang Regency to apply it in an integrated manner in the years to come, in order to preserve the preservation Culture in Lumajang DistrictKeywords : Marketing Communication, Tourism Destination, Cultural Heritage
Evolution of Concept of Library Collections under the Impact of Electronic Environment
Authors: Litvinova Natalia N.
Published: December 2017

The article analyses the evolution of library collections concept in the last twenty years. It is demonstrated that the electronic environment allowed libraries to provide users with many documents, both electronic and print, which don’t belong to libraries. They may be licensed from commercial providers, accessed on the Internet public domain and stored in other libraries. This situation forces libraries to rethink the concept of library collections step by step and introduces the new types of library collections, such as licensed collections and shared collections. New concepts and corresponding new terms are being included into the national and international library standards.
Collection of Autographs
Authors: Velikodnaya Irina L.
Published: December 2017

The review considers two new editions, connected by the theme of autographs, - “The Bibliophile Garland to Anna Akhmatova. To the 125th Birth Anniversary: the Autographs in the Collection of M. Seslavinsky” and “The Art of Autograph. Inscriptions of Writers and Artists in the Private Collections of Russian Bibliophiles”, published in 2014-2015. Description and identification of the autograph, its introduction into scientific use, as well as its study are relevant problems of today, as the accumulated handwritten material of this kind requires samples of cataloguing. The Russian collectors propose to comprehend such material accumulated in private collections, publish previously unknown autographs, manuscripts, epistolary heritage of Russian poets, writers and artists. Peer-reviewed publications are required in the work of experts - literary critics, art historians, book historians, culturologists, students of specialized educational institutions, and all the interested in the history of the Russian culture.
Spiritual Music by P.I. Tchaikovsky in the Editions of P.I. Jurgenson: the Problem of Dating
Authors: Malinina Galina M.
Published: December 2017

P.I. Jurgenson was the only publisher of spiritual music by P.I. Tchaikovsky. Generally, those works were published immediately after creation (except for the spiritual hymn “The Angel Cried”, released in 1906, when neither the composer nor the founder of the publishing company were no longer alive). The thorough study of the available copies of the spiritual music by Tchaikovsky in the collections of the Library of the Moscow Conservatory allowed to presume that Jurgenson (and after 1903 his heirs) regularly republished those works, because the demand was apparently incredibly high. The presence of different kinds of printing details and identification of individual visual differences in those publications have led to certain adjustments in attribution of separate musical editions, appeared during the period of almost 40 years (from 1880 up to 1917). The developed method of more accurate dating, tested on the materials of spiritual music by Tchaikovsky, is applicable to any other work by this author and, more broadly, by any other composer, who printed his opuses at Jurgenson.
Professional and Ethical Foundations of the Activities of Special Libraries on the Revival and Preservation of Spiritual Values
Authors: Konovalova Maria P.
Published: December 2017

There was conducted sociological research and analysis of social and professional values of library professionals of Russia and Belarus. The role of special libraries in preservation and development of traditional national values and culture of Russia is described through the use of the “Code of Ethics of Russian Librarian”, interaction with the organizations of social welfare, social institutions and the opening of offices of multifunctional government services. There are highlighted the most topical groups of problems where special libraries can participate as effective partners, as well as prove the high public importance of librarian profession.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Kenya: implication for conservation and aquaculture – Corrigendum
Authors: Barasa James E. , Mdyogolo Sinebongo , Abila Romulus , Grobler Johannes Paul , Skilton Robert A. , Bindeman Hesmari , Njahira Moses Ndotono , Chemoiwa Emily J. , Dangasuk Otto G. , Kaunda-Arara Boaz , Verheyen Erik
Published: December 2017

This Corrigendum does not have an abstract.
BAHASA INDONESIA RAGAM TULIS DI KALANGAN SISWA REMAJADI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Kurniawati Wati
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to describe the quality of Indonesian variety of writing used by high school students in Central Jakarta and East Jakarta. The focus of this research is the spelling rules. The method used is descriptive method. Fourty high school students writing in Central Jakarta and East Jakarta were selected as the sample, they are consisting of twenty men and twenty women with regard to social factors. The findings indicate that female teenage student, female students in Central Jakarta more careful in the use of the letters, punctuation, and spelling than male teenage student in East Jakarta. Students whose parents are having different ethnic tend to be more careful in the use of letters and writing words than students whose parents is coming from same ethnic. As for the use of punctuation on students whose parents is coming from same ethnic tend to be more careful than teenage student whose parents are having different ethnic.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LATIHAN SHOOTING DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAKBOLA DI SEKOLAH SEPAKBOLA INDONESIA MUDA (IM) MALANG
Authors: Dwi saputro Yulianto
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model latihan shooting dalam permainan sepakbola diSekolah Sepakbola Indonesia Muda (IM) Malang. Prosedur pengembangannya adalah sebagai berikut:(1) Penentuan ide-ide, (2) Penulisan naskah media (produk), (3) Evaluasi Produk, (4) Revisi Produk I, (5)Produksi prototipe, (6) Uji coba prototipe, dengan mengujicobakan hasil revisi produk I, (7) Revisi ProdukII, (8) Reproduksi, penyempurnaan produk untuk menuju produk akhir. Subyek uji coba terdiri dari (1)Tinjauan ahli, terdiri dari 2 orang ahli yaitu ahli di bidang kepelatihan dan pelatih sepakbola, (2) Uji cobakelompok kecil adalah menggunakan 10 orang pemain yang diambil secara random sampling, dan (3) Ujicoba kelompok besar. Penelitian menghasilkan buku panduan model latihan shooting yang berisikan 10model yaitu : (1) shooting dengan kombinasi lari sprint, (2) shooting dengan kombinasi keeping bola (3)shooting dengan kombinasi teknik passing, (4) shooting dengan dribbling bola, (5) shooting dengankombinasi dribbling, passing dan keeping bola, (6) shooting dengan kombinasi gerakan tanpa bola, (7) lshooting dengan kombinasi passing dan penempatan pemain bertahan 1, (8) shooting dengan kombinasipassing dan penempatan pemain bertahan 2, (9) shooting dengan kombinasi passing dan penempatanpemain bertahan 3, (10) shooting dengan kombinasi membuka ruang tembak.Kata kunci: pengembangan, model latihan, shooting dalam permainan sepakbola
Performance-Based Assessment and Mitigation of Fire Hazard for Bridges
Authors: Imani Reza , Ghisbain Pierre , Sideri Jenny , Balsamo Luciana , Ashrafi Ali
Published: December 2017

Several recent incidents have demonstrated vulnerability of bridges to fire hazard. Fire-induced damage or collapse of bridges can disrupt the functioning of infrastructure networks, leading to significant costs to public including business interruption from route closures as well as potential casualties. While application of fire protection in a selective manner might be necessary to achieve a resilient bridge design for bridges, an across the board fire-rating approach similar to what is used in building design practice is unrealistic and uneconomical. A performance-based approach can provide a better hazard assessment for each individual bridge, thus leading to a cost-effective fire protection scheme.

Although the benefits of a performance-based approach are well-known, attempts in practice face an efficiency challenge to go through the steps of hazard analysis and identification of realistic scenarios, fire simulation and determination of design variables while keeping the process repeatable. This paper presents an innovative computational approach that allows the engineer to evaluate a bridge for several possible fire scenarios in a generalized scheme to determine if there exists a scenario that can potentially threaten the integrity of the structure. If such a case is identified, advanced detailed computational methods can be used for a more accurate evaluation. An example study is conducted on fire retrofit of a highway interchange with interconnected bridges to showcase this approach. Various fire scenarios caused by tanker truck accidents are initially analysed using simple computational tools that account for direct radiative heat transfer and lumped mass heat conduction while the bridge is subjected to realistic temperature curves. Necessity of advanced Finite Element analysis is determined based on the results of initial evaluation.
Identidade e Consumo: expressões identitárias no “funk ostentação”
Authors: Resende Marcos Paulo Dias Leite
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel das identidades sócio-políticas como fator condicionante do consumo. Em síntese, os conceitos de movimento extrospectivo, movimento introspectivo e identidade expansiva serão relacionados às teorias de Pierre Bourdieu, Thorstein Veblen e Werner Sombart sobre as expressões sociológicas do consumo. A aplicabilidade desses conceitos será demonstrada através de uma análise de discurso do videoclipe da música “Plaquê de 100”, a principal música do MC Guimê e um dos exemplos mais expressivos do movimento cultural do funk ostentação.
Editorial
Authors: Gosling Marlusa de Sevilha
Published: December 2017

Editorial
Speech or Silence: Undocumented Students’ Decisions to Disclose or Disguise Their Citizenship Status in School
Authors: Mangual Figueroa Ariana
Published: December 2017

This article provides ethnographic evidence of the ways in which undocumented students make decisions about when to share or withhold their migratory status during conversations with peers and teachers in one elementary school. It argues that an analytic focus on how and when elementary-aged students talk about migratory status during everyday school activities can deepen our understanding of the educational experiences of a population that often remains invisible to teachers and educational researchers. The findings suggest ways in which public school and university educators can foster educational equity and inclusion for undocumented students.
Why Reform Sometimes Succeeds: Understanding the Conditions That Produce Reforms That Last
Authors: Cohen David K. , Mehta Jal D.
Published: December 2017

Counter to narratives of persistently failed school reform, we argue that reforms sometimes succeed and seek to understand why. Drawing on examples from the founding of public schools to the present, we find that successful system-wide reforms addressed problems that teachers thought they had by being consistent with prevailing norms and values, mobilizing a significant public constituency, and building the needed educational infrastructure. We distinguish between system-wide and niche reforms, suggesting that some—particularly those seeking ambitious instruction—failed system-wide but succeeded by creating protected educational niches. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for the Common Core.
Examining Racial Bias in Education
Authors: Warikoo Natasha , Sinclair Stacey , Fei Jessica , Jacoby-Senghor Drew
Published: December 2017

In this article we argue that social-psychological research on implicit racial associations—relatively unconscious associations based on race—is a fruitful area to explore for a greater understanding of how racial bias affects children in schools. We highlight the key insights of research on implicit racial associations and their implications for education. Further, we identify areas for research on implicit racial associations in education, calling for collaboration between scholars of racial inequality in education and scholars of implicit racial associations. This research is likely to provide a productive new perspective for understanding why and when teachers and other school personnel engage in behaviors that reproduce racial inequality, often in spite of best intentions and commitments to racial equity.
Quality Assurance in Teacher Education and Outcomes: A Study of 17 Countries
Authors: Ingvarson Lawrence , Rowley Glenn
Published: December 2017

This study investigated the relationship between policies related to the recruitment, selection, preparation, and certification of new teachers and (a) the quality of future teachers as measured by their mathematics content and pedagogy content knowledge and (b) student achievement in mathematics at the national level. The study used data collected for the Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics, which compared the ways in which 17 countries prepared teachers of mathematics for the primary and secondary levels. A consistent positive association was found between the strength of a country’s quality assurance arrangements and future teachers’ knowledge of mathematics and mathematics pedagogy. Countries with strong policies for assuring the quality of new teachers were also found to be among the strongest performers on international tests of mathematics achievement.
Revisiting The Widget Effect: Teacher Evaluation Reforms and the Distribution of Teacher Effectiveness
Authors: Kraft Matthew A. , Gilmour Allison F.
Published: December 2017

In 2009, the New Teacher Project’s The Widget Effect documented the failure of U.S. public school districts to recognize and act on differences in teacher effectiveness. We revisit these findings by compiling teacher performance ratings across 24 states that adopted major reforms to their teacher evaluation systems. In the vast majority of these states, the percentage of teachers rated unsatisfactory remains less than 1%. However, the full distributions of ratings vary widely across states, with 0.7% to 28.7% rated below proficient and 6% to 62% rated above proficient. We present original survey data from an urban district illustrating that evaluators perceive more than 3 times as many teachers in their schools to be below proficient than they rate as such. Interviews with principals reveal several potential explanations for these patterns.
2015 AERA Presidential Address Morally Engaged Research/ers Dismantling Epistemological Nihilation in the Age of Impunity
Authors: King Joyce E.
Published: December 2017

This article presents Joyce E. King’s 2015 AERA presidential address, which artfully combined scholarly discourse with performance elements and diverse voices in several multimedia formats. In discussing morally engaged research/ers dismantling epistemological nihilation, the article advances the argument that the moral stance, solidarity with racial/cultural dignity in education praxis, policy, and research, is needed to combat discursive forms of racism. The lecture opened with African Americans and Native Americans performing culturally affirming traditional ritual practices. An African drum processional and a libation honored revered Black ancestors—scholars, artists, and activist intellectuals—Maya Angelou, Ruby Dee, Amiri Baraka, Vincent Harding, and Asa G. Hilliard, III (Nana Baffour Amankwatia II). An intergenerational Native American delegation offered a traditional welcome prayer, gifting of tobacco, and ceremonial drumming and dance performance. Dr. King began her address by acknowledging that the 2015 AERA annual meeting was taking place in the ancestral lands of the Pottawatomie Nation.
Research in Mathematics Education
Authors: Schoenfeld Alan H.
Published: December 2017

As one of the three Rs, “’ rithmetic” has always been central to education and education research. By virtue of that centrality, research in mathematics education has often reflected and at times led trends in education research. This chapter provides some deep background on epistemological and other issues that shape current research, with a primary focus on empirical research, which sprouted and flowered over the past 100 years or so—roughly coinciding with the existence of the American Educational Research Association as a professional organization. The author begins by tracing the growth and change in research in mathematics education and its interdependence with research in education in general over much of the 20th century, with an emphasis on changes in research perspectives and methods and the philosophical/empirical/disciplinary approaches that underpin them. He then turns to an overview of currently flourishing research and some indications of potentially productive arenas for future work.
Exploring a Century of Advancements in the Science of Learning
Authors: Murphy P. Karen , Knight Stephanie L.
Published: December 2017

The past century has yielded a plethora of advancements in the science of learning, from expansions in the theoretical frames that undergird education research to cultural and contextual considerations in educational practice. The overarching purpose of this chapter is to explore and document the growth and development of the science of learning using a tripartite approach. The authors first provide an overview of definitions of learning that have been forwarded in the extant literature, with particular emphasis on journals published by the American Educational Research Association. Next, they overview the epistemic frames that have undergirded investigations of learning during the past century. Finally, they explore the ways in which the nature of investigations of learning has transitioned over time and how these transitions have manifested themselves in settings such as classrooms. In reflecting on the maturation and adaptation of the science of learning over the past century, the authors conclude with thoughts on the future of the science of learning.
Objects of Protection, Enduring Nodes of Difference
Authors: Artiles Alfredo J. , Dorn Sherman , Bal Aydin
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to contribute a cultural–historical analytical perspective on disability and its intersections. We assume that disability is socially, historically, and spatially constructed. This standpoint enables us to understand and disrupt disparities in education that affect students living at the intersection of disability with race and other identity markers. We trace the evolution of disability as an object of protection and injustice from before 1916 to 2016. The chapter is divided into three sections: disability constructions and intersections before 1960, consolidation of the intersections of difference with disabilities between 1960 and 1990, and the protean nature of disability intersections and fragmentations in contemporary history between 1990 and the present. We review legal, social, and academic discourses and offer interdisciplinary conceptual tools to understand the technical and sociopolitical anatomies of disabilities. We end with a brief discussion of future interdisciplinary research programs, including attention to a biocultural dimension in the study of this complex phenomenon.
The Organization of Informal Learning
Authors: Rogoff Barbara , Callanan Maureen , Gutiérrez Kris D. , Erickson Frederick
Published: December 2017

Informal learning is often treated as simply an alternative to formal, didactic instruction. This chapter discusses how the organization of informal learning differs across distinct settings but with important commonalities distinguishing informal learning from formal learning: Informal learning is nondidactic, is embedded in meaningful activity, builds on the learner’s initiative or interest or choice (rather than resulting from external demands or requirements), and does not involve assessment external to the activity. The informal learning settings discussed all have learning and innovation as goals, and they all include guidance to newcomers through social interaction and/or the structure of activities. Along with the features in common, the organization of informal learning also differs in important ways across settings as distinct as everyday family and community engagements that are not organized around instruction; voluntary settings with an instructional focus, such as after-school programs; innovative schools that emphasize children’s initiative and choice; children’s “underground” informal learning in schools; and institutions such as science centers that have an instructional as well as a voluntary leisure focus. These informal learning settings differ in extent of focus on and ways of including play, instruction, collaborative or solo activity, contribution to “real” productive goals, and connection with a larger community.
(Mis)Taken Identities: Reclaiming Identities of the “Collective Black” in Mathematics Education Research Through an Exercise in Black Specificity
Authors: Gholson Maisie L. , Wilkes Charles E.
Published: December 2017

This chapter reviews two strands of identity-based research in mathematics education related to Black children, exemplified by Martin (2000) and Nasir (2002). Identity-based research in mathematics education is a burgeoning field that is disrupting narratives around the meanings of mathematical competence and brilliance. We argue that the identities of Black children as doers and knowers of mathematics are often confused (or mistaken) with stereotypical images of various social identities, as well as wrongly confiscated (or mis-taken), in order to perpetuate persistent narratives of inferiority, criminality, and general ineducability of these children. We use Black children as a particular example within the mathematics education research literature and argue that children within a so-called “collective Black” are subject to the same racial scripts that organize mathematics teaching and learning. While we acknowledge that important lines of identity-based research have emerged to reclaim the rightful identities of Black children and those within the collective Black, we conclude with a critique of this recent literature in which we note the troubling exclusion of girls and young children.
Permission Not Required: The Power of Parents to Disrupt Educational Hypocrisy
Authors: Fennimore Beatrice S.
Published: December 2017

This review is focused on literature documenting the experiences of nondominant and minoritized parents who challenge injustice and inequity in the public schools attended by their children. It interrogates hegemonic approaches to parent involvement favoring dominant groups and silencing efforts of nondominant parents to confront discriminatory assumptions and unequal opportunities. Research studies generally published between 1995 and 2016 reflecting grassroots parent activism encountering conflict and tension and exposing racism, classism, and discrimination in public school practices and policies were selected. Using the lens of critical race and social justice theories, the review is structured on three major public school hypocrisies: (1) hegemonic traditional school-controlled parent involvement that privileges dominant groups and devalues contributions of nondominant groups, (2) false claims of equity in schools characterized by stratified and differential opportunities, and (3) discriminatory market-based choice and privatization schemes. Ultimately the review calls on researchers to acknowledge ethical issues that arise when their work “confirms” nondominant parent and child inferiority. Further, it calls for observer–activist–participant research paradigms that acknowledge school-based resistance to critical nondominant parent activism and respectfully document the continuing struggle of nondominant parents for equal educational opportunities.
Civic Participation Reimagined: Youth Interrogation and Innovation in the Multimodal Public Sphere
Authors: Mirra Nicole , Garcia Antero
Published: December 2017

This chapter challenges dominant narratives about the civic disengagement of youth from marginalized communities by reconceptualizing what counts as civic participation in public life and how youth are positioned as civic agents. We examine ideologies that undergird traditional forms of civic education and engagement in the United States and offer an alternative vision of civic life grounded in recognition of systemic inequality and struggle for social justice. We consider the ways in which digital media has fundamentally transformed the public sphere and expanded opportunities for youth civic expression and action, as well as the ways that youth participatory action research literature offers a framework for civic education that forefronts youth experience and voice. Our analysis culminates in the development of a new conceptual model for civic learning and engagement that pushes past participation into the realms of interrogation and innovation.
Fostering Sociopolitical Consciousness With Minoritized Youth: Insights From Community-Based Arts Programs
Authors: Ngo Bic , Lewis Cynthia , Maloney Leaf Betsy
Published: December 2017

In this chapter, we review the literature on community-based arts programs serving minoritized youth to identify the conditions and practices for fostering sociopolitical consciousness. Community-based arts programs have the capacity to promote teaching and learning practices in ways that engage youth in the use of academic skills to pursue inquiry, cultural critique, and social action. In this review, we pay particular attention to literary arts, theatre arts, and digital media arts to identify three dimensions of sociopolitical consciousness: identification, mobilization, and cosmopolitanism. By advancing the principle of sociopolitical consciousness within the theory and practice of critical and cultural relevant pedagogies, our review provides ways toward mitigating social and educational disparities.
Reimagining Critical Care and Problematizing Sense of School Belonging as a Response to Inequality for Immigrants and Children of Immigrants
Authors: DeNicolo Christina Passos , Yu Min , Crowley Christopher B. , Gabel Susan L.
Published: December 2017

This chapter examines the factors that contribute to a sense of school belonging for immigrant and immigrant-origin youth. Through a review of the education research on critical care, the authors propose a framework informed by cariño conscientizado—critically conscious and authentic care—as central to reconceptualizing notions of school belonging. Research studies on teacher–student and peer relationships, student agency, and organizing are reviewed to identify how they function to disrupt structural factors that maintain educational inequities. Belonging as a concept is problematized through a re-envisioning of curriculum, pedagogy, and school–community relationships as a means to reduce inequality for immigrant and immigrant-origin youth and children.
Assessment of Plumage and Integument Condition in Dual-Purpose Breeds and Conventional Layers
Authors: Giersberg Mona , Spindler Birgit , Kemper Nicole
Published: December 2017

The assessment of plumage and integument condition in laying hens provides useful information about the occurrence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Although feather loss and skin injuries can result from mechanical abrasion or clinical diseases, they are valid animal-based indicators for behavioural disorders. This particularly applies to damage on the back and tail region of the hens. The aim was to evaluate the behaviour of dual-purpose breeds (Lohmann Dual, LD) and conventional layer hybrids (Lohmann Brown plus, LB+), and to compare a mere visual assessment (Visual Scoring, VSc), with a method involving the handling of individual animals (Hands-on Scoring, HSc). During weekly VSc, the hens’ plumage and integument were scored on five body parts. HSc was carried out on seven study days applying the same scoring scale as for VSc. In LB+ hens, minor plumage damage started at 25 weeks and increased to the 71st week. With 99.5% of LB+ showing feather loss to a different extent, the back was the most severely affected body part. In contrast, only between 4.5% and 7% of LD showed minor feather loss at the end of the study. Integument damage reached a peak, with 6% affected LB+ in week 66. Injuries were found only sporadically in LD hens. Spearman’s rho for the comparison of plumages scores given in VSc and HSc was >0.90 (p < 0.01) in both hybrids for most of the tested body regions and weeks, except for the breast/belly region. However, VSc and HSc were equally valid for detecting skin injuries of all of the body regions (rs > 0.86, p < 0.01). Damaging behaviour only occurred in the LB+ flocks, though both of the genetic strains were kept under the same conditions. The visual scoring method was suitable for detecting both plumage and integument damage.
Nisin in Combination with Cinnamaldehyde and EDTA to Control Growth of Escherichia coli Strains of Swine Origin
Authors: Field Des , Baghou Inès , Rea Mary , Gardiner Gillian , Ross R. , Hill Colin
Published: December 2017

Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an economically important disease in pig production worldwide. Although antibiotics have contributed significantly to mitigate the economic losses caused by PWD, there is major concern over the increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria isolated from pigs. Consequently, suitable alternatives that are safe and effective are urgently required. Many naturally occurring compounds, including the antimicrobial peptide nisin and a number of plant essential oils, have been widely studied and are reported to be effective as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic microorganisms. Here, we evaluate the potential of nisin in combination with the essential oil cinnamaldehyde and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to control the growth of E. coli strains of swine origin including two characterized as ETEC. The results reveal that the use of nisin (10 μM) with low concentrations of trans-cinnamaldehyde (125 μg/mL) and EDTA (0.25–2%) resulted in extended lag phases of growth compared to when either antimicrobial is used alone. Further analysis through kill curves revealed that an approximate 1-log reduction in E. coli cell counts was observed against the majority of targets tested following 3 h incubation. These results highlight the potential benefits of combining the natural antimicrobial nisin with trans-cinnamaldehyde and EDTA as a new approach for the inhibition of E. coli strains of swine origin.
Biochars as Innovative Humidity Sensing Materials
Authors: Ziegler Daniele , Palmero Paola , Giorcelli Mauro , Tagliaferro Alberto , Tulliani Jean-Marc
Published: December 2017

In this work, biochar-based humidity sensors were prepared by drop-coating technique. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added as an organic binder to improve the adhesion of the sensing material onto ceramic substrates having platinum electrodes. Two biochars obtained from different precursors were used. The sensors were tested toward relative humidity (RH) at room temperature and showed a response starting around 5 RH%, varying the impedance of 2 orders of magnitude after exposure to almost 100% relative humidity. In both cases, biochar materials are behaving as p-type semiconductors under low amounts of humidity. On the contrary, for higher RH values, the impedance decreased due to water molecules adsorption. When PVP is added to SWP700 biochar, n-p heterojunctions are formed between the two semiconductors, leading to a higher sensitivity at low RH values for the sensors SWP700-10% PVP and SWP700-20% PVP with respect to pure SWP700 sensor. Finally, response and recovery times were both reasonably fast (in the order of 1 min).
Darker Skin Tone Increases Perceived Discrimination among Male but Not Female Caribbean Black Youth
Authors: Assari Shervin , Caldwell Cleopatra
Published: December 2017

Background: Among most minority groups, males seem to report higher levels of exposure and vulnerability to racial discrimination. Although darker skin tone may increase exposure to racial discrimination, it is yet unknown whether skin tone similarly influences perceived discrimination among male and female Caribbean Black youth. Objective: The current cross-sectional study tests the role of gender on the effects of skin tone on perceived discrimination among Caribbean Black youth. Methods: Data came from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), 2003–2004, which included 360 Caribbean Black youth (ages 13 to 17). Demographic factors (age and gender), socioeconomic status (SES; family income, income to needs ratio, and subjective SES), skin tone, and perceived everyday discrimination were measured. Linear regressions were used for data analysis. Results: In the pooled sample, darker skin tone was associated with higher levels of perceived discrimination among Caribbean Black youth (b = 0.48; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.07–0.89). A significant interaction was found between gender and skin tone (b = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.49–1.86), suggesting a larger effect of skin tone on perceived discrimination for males than females. In stratified models, darker skin tone was associated with more perceived discrimination for males (b = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.69–0.72) but not females (b = 0.06; 95% CI = −0.42–0.55). Conclusion: Similar to the literature documenting male gender as a vulnerability factor to the effects of racial discrimination, we found that male but not female Caribbean Black youth with darker skin tones perceive more discrimination.
Evolution of Karyotypes in Chameleons
Authors: Rovatsos Michail , Altmanová Marie , Johnson Pokorná Martina , Velenský Petr , Sánchez Baca Antonio , Kratochvíl Lukáš
Published: December 2017

The reconstruction of the evolutionary dynamics of karyotypes and sex determining systems in squamate reptiles is precluded by the lack of data in many groups including most chameleons (Squamata: Acrodonta: Chamaeleonidae). We performed cytogenetic analysis in 16 species of chameleons from 8 genera covering the phylogenetic diversity of the family and also phylogenetic reconstruction of karyotype evolution in this group. In comparison to other squamates, chameleons demonstrate rather variable karyotypes, differing in chromosome number, morphology and presence of interstitial telomeric signal (ITS). On the other hand, the location of rDNA is quite conserved among chameleon species. Phylogenetic analysis combining our new results and previously published data tentatively suggests that the ancestral chromosome number for chameleons is 2n = 36, which is the same as assumed for other lineages of the clade Iguania, i.e., agamids and iguanas. In general, we observed a tendency for the reduction of chromosome number during the evolution of chameleons, however, in Rieppeleon brevicaudatus, we uncovered a chromosome number of 2n = 62, very unusual among squamates, originating from a number of chromosome splits. Despite the presence of the highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in the genus Furcifer, we did not detect any unequivocal sexual differences in the karyotypes of any other studied species of chameleons tested using differential staining and comparative genomic hybridization, suggesting that sex chromosomes in most chameleons are only poorly differentiated.
Maillard Proteomics: Opening New Pages
Authors: Soboleva Alena , Schmidt Rico , Vikhnina Maria , Grishina Tatiana , Frolov Andrej
Published: December 2017

Protein glycation is a ubiquitous non-enzymatic post-translational modification, formed by reaction of protein amino and guanidino groups with carbonyl compounds, presumably reducing sugars and α-dicarbonyls. Resulting advanced glycation end products (AGEs) represent a highly heterogeneous group of compounds, deleterious in mammals due to their pro-inflammatory effect, and impact in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and ageing. The body of information on the mechanisms and pathways of AGE formation, acquired during the last decades, clearly indicates a certain site-specificity of glycation. It makes characterization of individual glycation sites a critical pre-requisite for understanding in vivo mechanisms of AGE formation and developing adequate nutritional and therapeutic approaches to reduce it in humans. In this context, proteomics is the methodology of choice to address site-specific molecular changes related to protein glycation. Therefore, here we summarize the methods of Maillard proteomics, specifically focusing on the techniques providing comprehensive structural and quantitative characterization of glycated proteome. Further, we address the novel break-through areas, recently established in the field of Maillard research, i.e., in vitro models based on synthetic peptides, site-based diagnostics of metabolism-related diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus), proteomics of anti-glycative defense, and dynamics of plant glycated proteome during ageing and response to environmental stress.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy—Past, Present and Future
Authors: Liew Alphonsus , Vassiliou Vassilios , Cooper Robert , Raphael Claire
Published: December 2017

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiomyopathy with a prevalence of 1 in 500 in the general population. Since the first pathological case series at post mortem in 1957, we have come a long way in its understanding, diagnosis and management. Here, we will describe the history of our understanding of HCM including the initial disease findings, diagnostic methods and treatment options. We will review the current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HCM, current gaps in the evidence base and discuss the new and promising developments in this field.
Mereotopological Correction of Segmentation Errors in Histological Imaging
Authors: Randell David , Galton Antony , Fouad Shereen , Mehanna Hisham , Landini Gabriel
Published: December 2017

In this paper we describe mereotopological methods to programmatically correct image segmentation errors, in particular those that fail to fulfil expected spatial relations in digitised histological scenes. The proposed approach exploits a spatial logic called discrete mereotopology to integrate a number of qualitative spatial reasoning and constraint satisfaction methods into imaging procedures. Eight mereotopological relations defined on binary region pairs are represented as nodes in a set of 20 directed graphs, where the node-to-node graph edges encode the possible transitions between the spatial relations after set-theoretic and discrete topological operations on the regions are applied. The graphs allow one to identify sequences of operations that applied to regions of a given relation, and enables one to resegment an image that fails to conform to a valid histological model into one that does. Examples of the methods are presented using images of H&E-stained human carcinoma cell line cultures.
Silk Materials Functionalized via Genetic Engineering for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Deptuch Tomasz , Dams-Kozlowska Hanna
Published: December 2017

The great mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability of silk-based materials make them applicable to the biomedical field. Genetic engineering enables the construction of synthetic equivalents of natural silks. Knowledge about the relationship between the structure and function of silk proteins enables the design of bioengineered silks that can serve as the foundation of new biomaterials. Furthermore, in order to better address the needs of modern biomedicine, genetic engineering can be used to obtain silk-based materials with new functionalities. Sequences encoding new peptides or domains can be added to the sequences encoding the silk proteins. The expression of one cDNA fragment indicates that each silk molecule is related to a functional fragment. This review summarizes the proposed genetic functionalization of silk-based materials that can be potentially useful for biomedical applications.
Collismycin C from the Micronesian Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp. MC025 Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation
Authors: Lee Jin-Hyung , Kim Eonmi , Choi Hyukjae , Lee Jintae
Published: December 2017

Biofilm formation plays a critical role in antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we investigated the potential of crude extracts of 79 Micronesian marine microorganisms to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation. An extract of Streptomyces sp. MC025 inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation. Bioactivity-guided isolation led to the isolation of a series of 2,2′-bipyridines: collismycin B (1), collismycin C (2), SF2738 D (3), SF2738 F (4), pyrisulfoxin A (5), and pyrisulfoxin B (6). Among these bipyridines, collismycin C (2) was found to be the most effective inhibitor of biofilm formation by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and this compound inhibited MRSA biofilm formation by more than 90% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The antibiofilm activity of collismycin C was speculated to be related to iron acquisition and the presence and position of the hydroxyl group of 2,2′-bipyridines.