bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of Factors Influencing Endometrial Polyps Incidence and Evaluation of Hysteroscopy Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhai Hanfang
Published: January 2024

Objective: To analyze the factors related to the incidence of endometrial polyps and assess the value of hysteroscopic treatment. Methods: Fifty women with endometrial polyps admitted to the gynecology department of Xinghua People’s Hospital between January 2020 and June 2021 participated in the study. They were categorized into two groups using numerical expressions, and their uteri were analyzed. Causes and related factors of endometrial polyps were assessed. The study included 25 patients undergoing dilation and curettage (control group) and 25 patients undergoing hysteroscopy (observation group). Clinical surgical indicators, endometrial indicators, adverse reactions, and recurrence rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group exhibited lower intraoperative and postoperative bleeding volumes, as well as significantly shorter operation time and hospitalization time compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions was 4.0% in the observation group, significantly lower than the 24.0% in the control group (P < 0.05). After 1 year of follow-up, the recurrence rate in the observation group was 4.0%, considerably lower than the 20.0% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Endometrial polyps have various causes, including endometritis and long-term use of contraceptive pills use. Hysteroscopic treatment proves effective, with minimal adverse reactions and a low recurrence rate, making it a commendable surgical option for promotion.
mproving marketing activities as a basis for the development of the strategic potential of the organic market
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Biryukova T.V.
Published: January 2024

The improvement of marketing activities in the market of organic products in the current conditions is undoubtedly a significant aspect of its development, contributing to the formation of new market approaches to doing business. At present, organic products and agricultural products are interchangeable concepts for most consumers, which in turn indicates the lack of formed constants of consumer perception of the term “organic products” and is a significant obstacle to the development of demand in this segment. On the other hand, it is strategically important to study the needs of consumers as an important stage in the formation of the range of products offered on the market with high added value and, as a consequence, the basis for the development of a competitive segment of organic products. All this implies the search for new marketing approaches and strategic solutions to achieve the the desired objectives. The purpose of this study is to search for relevant trends in the formation and development of the organic market in order to improve marketing activities based on the synergy of conceptual approaches in marketing that allow for responsible consumption and sustained interest in organic products. The main objectives of the study are to determine the basic principles of the development of the organic market, to create a system of marketing indicators for research and evaluation of the development potential of the studied market, and to identify the main trends in the development of marketing activities. The results of the work made it possible to formulate approaches to the research and evaluation of the marketing potential of the market, as well as to formulate recommendations for the creation of an information system as a basis for the strategic development of the entire organic market as a whole.
Development of snow mold of winter wheat in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region with regard to tillage technologies and weather conditions of different years
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Beloshapkina O.O. , Chebanenko S.I. , Tarakanov R.I.
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the results of the analysis of diseases of infectious fallout of winter wheat at the Field Experimental Station of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy from 2013–2015 to 2020–2021, depending on the tillage technology and weather conditions. It was shown that the main disease was pink snow mold (caused by Microdochium nivale). The analysis of the dynamics of the disease over 5 years showed that the prevalence was higher under zero tillage than under moldboard tillage (6.6 and 3.9%, respectively). The statistical analysis carried out showed an average positive correlation between soil density and disease prevalence (r=0.57 – for moldboard tillage and r=0.69 – for zero tillage). The data obtained indicate the need to adapt the protective measures against fallout diseases, taking into account the tillage technology, the cultivation zone and the climatic conditions.
Infrared absorption spectra of granulometric element fractions of typical virgin chernozem of the Kursk region
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Mamontov V.G. , Belyaeva S.A. , Shmakova K.A.
Published: January 2024

The fractions of granulometric elements isolated by the method of roiling from the humusaccumulative horizon A of the deep typical virgin chernozem of the Kursk Region were studied using infrared spectroscopy. According to the data obtained, the fractions of granulometric elements differ significantly in their material composition. The coarse dust fractions mainly consist of quartz, feldspar, polysaccharides and a small amount of specific humus substances. The fine dust fractions, and in particular the silt fraction, differ significantly in material composition from the coarse dust fractions. They are mainly composed not only of polysaccharides, but also of clay minerals, including alternating layer formations of the mica-montmorillonite type, a much higher amount of specific humus substances, and less quartz and feldspar. The medium dust fractions occupy an intermediate position in terms of material composition and are closer to the fine fractions than to the coarse dust fractions. The method of infrared spectroscopy makes it possible to reveal fundamental differences in the material composition between individual granulometric fractions. However, a number of specific features inherent to individual components of the soil solid phase are not apparent in the infrared spectra of granulometric fractions. This is due to the active interaction between the organic and mineral components of the soil. As a result of such interactions many active centers and functional groups are blocked and do not appear in the infrared spectra.
Oil yield of rapeseed plant - botanical nature , biochemical features and nutritional potential
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Solomonova E.V. , Monakhos S.G.
Published: January 2024

The annual rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a member of the Brassicaceae family, has long been used as a source of technical oil. The development of low-erucic varieties (canola, less than 5% erucic acid) by Canadian breeders in the 1970s made rapeseed a valuable and promising oilseed crop. In the Russian Federation, rapeseed oil, extracted from the seeds of the mature pods of the plant, currently ranks third after sunflower and soybean oil in terms of production volume, surpassing them in a number of biochemical parameters: optimal ratio of ω‑6: ω‑3 fatty acids (1:3–2:1), high content of oleic acid (up to 79.57%), tocopherols (45–75 mg%), carotenoids (0.30–0.57 mg%) and sterols (0.5–1.0%). The high nutritional potential of rapeseed is explained by the availabilityof winter and spring forms, domestic and foreign varieties and hybrids, successful breeding for increased oil content and resistance to diseases, good yields in many natural zones of Russia, profitability of 100–150%, sometimes up to 400% and more, despite the need for strict adherence to cultivation technology, etc. In the fatty oil industry, oil yield refers to the content of crude fat and accompanying fat-like substances that pass from the seeds into the ether extract along with the fat. The cells of oil rapeseeds contain structures, that accumulate free lipids stored by the plant for use by the growing seedling: oleosomes and possibly fat inclusions in the cytoplasm, and plastoglobules in the plastids. The formation of neutral fats is a universal mechanism for “switching off” excess primary synthesis products from plant metabolism. The qualitative fatty acid composition of seed oils of different plant species (in contrast to oils extracted from the nonseed parts of the fleshy oil fruits) is quite similar; the amount of fatty acids and the fat-soluble components extracted with them (antioxidants, vitamins, etc.) is variable. Knowledge of the botanical nature and biochemical characteristics of the oil content of rapeseed will make it possible to obtain maximum nutritional benefits through breeding, agronomic and technological methods.
Results of the Magnetostratigraphic Studies of the Syzran Formation (Paleocene) in the Peschanyi Umyot Section (Saratov, Russia)
Authors: Shelepov D. A. , Guzhikov A. Yu.
Published: January 2024

In this article, the results of the rock-magnetic measurements (magnetic susceptibility and its anisotropy before and after the heating of rocks, magnetic saturation) and paleomagnetic studies of the Lower Syzran Subformation (Paleocene) in the Peschanyi Umyot section (Saratov, Russia) are discussed. The section is composed of weakly magnetic silicites and has the paleomagnetic parameters that are suitable for magnetostratigraphic purposes. The presence of a magnetic zone with predominantly reverse polarity, which is an analogue of either chron C27 or C26 or their combination, was found in the section. The results obtained, along with previously collected data from coeval sections in the south of the Saratov right bank and the city of Saratov, made it possible to draft a magnetostratigraphic chart for the Paleocene of the Volga region, provide a detailed correlation of the Syzran Formation, estimate the duration of the pre-Paleogene erosion, and more accurately date the age of deposits.
First Results of the Intraformational Conglomerate Test of the Late Riphean Katav Formation (Southern Urals)
Authors: Parfiriev N. P. , Danukalov K. N. , Golovanova I. V. , Dyakova S. A.
Published: January 2024

Detailed petrographic, electron-microscopic, and paleomagnetic studies were conducted on flatbedded synsedimentary carbonate breccias from three blocks of rocks (one block from Minyar, two blocks from Katav-Ivanovsk) to verify the ideas about the time of formation of the high-temperature component (HTC) of natural remanent magnetization (Jn) of limestones from the Upper Riphean Katav Formation, Southern Urals. Petrographic and electron-microscopic observations revealed that the composition of pebbles corresponds to that of the host matrix rocks, thus enabling the use of an intraformational conglomerate test. In all the studied blocks, the distribution of paleomagnetic directions for pebbles is generally chaotic, with the concentration parameter not exceeding 3. These test results meet the Graham criterion. The pebbles’ average Jn have a larger confidence oval and differ significantly from the matrix’s directions with a much smaller confidence oval. The Hodges-Ajne test was applied to the blocks from Katav-Ivanovsk. The Rayleigh test was used for the block from Minyar. The results obtained at this stage indicate that the HTC of magnetization of the Katav limestones may have a primary origin. If this is confirmed, the Katav Formation would be a good paleomagnetic record of the Earth’s Neoproterozoic history and provide valuable insights into the geomagnetic field behavior in the Late Precambrian.
Comparative Evolutionary Analysis of Dipole and Non-Dipole Components of Geomagnetic Energy
Authors: Starchenko S. V. , Yakovleva S. V.
Published: January 2024

The total energy of the potential geomagnetic field (up to the core-mantle boundary) is divided into dipole and non-dipole parts, which are determined by their evolution and frequency properties. The calculations presented here are based on the available and sufficiently reliable COV-OBS.x2 geomagnetic field model that covers the period of 1840–2020. The proposed approximations for longer periods are preliminary, as further work is required to estimate errors through comparison with other historical observational and paleomagnetic models of the geomagnetic field, as well as with numerical models of the geodynamo. The actual dipole energy (about 5 EJ) turned out to be only three times higher than the non-dipole energy, rather than the previously reported one order or more. It was found that the dipole energy decreases relatively slowly and monotonically, while the non-dipole part changes much faster and quasi-periodically. Therefore, the characteristic times are on the order of one thousand years for the dipole component and on the order of hundreds of years for the non-dipole component, respectively. If the quadrupole and octupole contributions to the geomagnetic field are only considered, which is a natural limitation for paleoand archaeomagnetologists, then the energy of such a “truncated” non-dipole part increases monotonically, and its evolutionary and frequency characteristics become different from the full (up to the 14th spherical harmonic) non-dipole part. The results show that the power or the time derivative of energy varies more significantly compared to the energy, being on the order of one hundred MW for both the dipole and non-dipole parts. Frequency values were obtained by analyzing the power/ energy ratios.
Late Kungurian Radioisotope Age of the Boundary Between the Balakhonka and Kolchugino Groups in the Kuznetsk Basin (Western Siberia, Russia) – Additional Evidence for the Validity of the Ufimian Stage of the East European Permian
Authors: Silantiev V. V. , Gutak Ya. M. , Tichomirowa M. , Käßner A. , Porokhovnichenko L G. , Karasev E. V. , Felker A. S. , Urazaeva M. N. , Zharinova V. V.
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the Late Kungurian radioisotopic age (276.9 ± 0.4 Ma) of the middle part of the Starokuznetsk Formation (Kuznetsk Subgroup, Kolchugino Group) of the Kuznetsk Basin determined by chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS). The analysis of the biostratigraphic data confirms that the layer dated belongs to the interval in which the Balakhonka Flora (cordaitoid) was replaced by the Kolchugino Flora (fern-pteridosperm-cordaitoid). This indicates that the change from the Balakhonka Flora to the Kolchugino Flora in the low latitudes of Angaraland took place during the Late Kungurian. The data obtained were used for direct correlation of the lower part of the Kolchugino Group with the Upper Kungurian of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Similar sequences of non-marine bivalve assemblages in the Permian successions of Angaraland (giant Prokopievskia, Khosedaella-Redikorella-Palaeomutela, and dominant Palaeomutela) and Eastern Europe (giant Sinomya, Palaeomutela-Khosedaella-Redikorella, and dominant Palaeomutela) further support the validity of the correlation of the Kuznetsk Subgroup with the Ufimian Stage. The placement of the lower boundary of the Kolchugino Group in the upper part of the Kungurian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Scale raises the question of the continuation of the Ufimian Stage as an independent straton in the East European Stratigraphic Scale. Its lower boundary coincides with the beginning of the change in the Balakhonka and Kolchugino Flora in the low latitudes of Angaraland, as well as with the faunal exchanges between the Euramerican and Angarian non-marine bivalve assemblages.
The clinical significance of reproductive hormones concentration in follicular maturation in patient with Luteal phase defect
Authors: Abbas Frhan Buthena
Published: January 2024

Forty infertile female patients were involved in this study. Twenty infertile female were with luteal phase defect and the rest twenty female were with out luteal phase defect they represent control group .All patient were stimulated with clomiphene citrate (clomid) and human menopausal gonadotropin (Humegon). hormones in follicular fluid of mature, intermediet and immature oocytes. 2-To compare the in vitro fertilization rate of the three groups of the oocytes.

The luteal phase is characterized by the production of progesterone from the corpus luteum with in the ovary .The corpus luteum is derived both from the granulosa cells that remain after ovulation, and from some of the theca cells which differentiate to become theca lute in cells. Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum is the dominant hormone of the luteal phase. Serum progesterone level less than 10 ng/ml in cycle day twenty-one indicate the presence of luteal phase defect. Follicular fluid sample following aspiration of oocytes were classified into three group (mature, intermediate and immature oocytes) depending on the morphological structure of the oocytes and the surrounding cells. The concentrations of follicular fluid hormones were measured by enzymes immuno assay method using the minividas. Patients with luteal phase defect have significant higher levels of follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone and prolactine hormone than patients with out luteal phase defect (control group). The control group has significant higher level of progesterone and estrogen hormones than luteal phase defect patients. The luteal phase defect patients have the lowest maturation rate and the lowest fertilization rate than control groups. The mature oocytes gave significant higher concentration of progesterone and estrogen hormones than intermediate or immature oocytes with better in vitro fertilization rate and cleavage rate than the immature oocytes. The results of the present study indicate that increased levels of gonadotropin in patients suffering from luteal phase defect have a significant clinical importance in the maturation it could lead to inhiption of the growth of oocytes and result in decrement of the maturation rate and this support the threshold theory of gonadotropin. Those hormones could be considered as potential markers of human oocytes quality and in vitro fertilization.
Seroprevalence of HBsAg among Healthy Blood Donors In Babylon Governorate
Authors: S. Naher Habbeb , A. Mohammed , M. Hassan Amil
Published: January 2024

HBsAg prevalence among healthy blood donors was3% (75:2500). It was increased with age. HBsAg antigenmia was significantly associated with male sex; urban communities; low economic status; low educational level; history of contact with cases of acute hepatitis; but it was not associated with blood group; Rh-type; and a history of blood transfusion.
Positive Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) as a function of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: AL-Hilaly Hummady
Published: January 2024

The newly described distinct associations of HLA class I and II genes with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) provide strong evidence for genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility between these two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), moreover, the familial distribution of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs, a subclinical markers) in patient's families has further implicated the existence of heterogeneity within this disease. To test the hypothesis that heterogeneity indicated by ANCAs has a genetic basis that resides within HLA region, we studied 42 IBD Iraqi cases (30 UC and 12 CD) and an ethnically matched healthy control group (n=35). Microlymphocytotoxicity test was used for classes I and II HLA-typing. ANCAs were detected using an ELISA test. It was observed that controls were all p.ANCA-negatives, while 25 (83.3%) and 4 (33.3%) of UC and CD, respectively, were positives for this test. Only 7 (8.57%) of controls were c.ANCA positives, while 7 (23.3%) and 2 (16.6%) of UC and CD patients were positives, respectively. P.ANACApositive IBD patient's status was reported to be positively associated with the frequencies of A11, DR2, DQ1, and DQ2 revealing etiology at the respective EFs : 0.151, 0.185, 0.241, and 0.215. In contrast, B12, Cw4, and DR1 were conferred preventive roles (p.ANCA negatives) at significantly decreased frequencies of IOR; 16.2, 7.3, and10.6, respectively, in addition to DR4 and DQ3 which appeared to have similar roles. On the other hand, A11, A(28+34), and Cw6 were observed in positive associations with c.ANCA-positive patients at respective EFs: 0.342, 0.229, and 0.326. Whoever, no allele was detected to prevent the positivity of this test. Thus, genetic HLA-based heterogeneity has been concluded within ANCA positive\ANCA-negative IBD patients.
Skin Infections in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus : a case-series study
Authors: A.Fazaâ€™a Suaâ€™ad , Natheer Qabas , Emad Nasam
Published: January 2024

This study was designed to evaluate skin infections in 72 diabetic patients who consulted the department of dermatology in Al- Diwaniya hospital in Al-Diwaniya city collected during the period form June 2006 until may 2007 . A total of (72) patients suffering from cutaneous disorders were seen. Full information were obtained from each patient using special questionnaire sheet . The rate of pathogenic microorganisims isolated from 72 patients was ( 66.6% ). The highest rate of microorganisms among patients was fungi 24 (50%) ; followed by bacteria in 21( 43.7% ) ;other causes 11 ( 6.2% ). The highest rate of fungi was Tinea pedis (54.1%) followed by Candida albicans (37.5%) ; Tinea cruris (4.1%) Tinea corporis (4.1%) . Among bacteria the highest rate was Staphylococcus aureus (9.80%) ; followed by Strebtococci sp. (14.2%) , whereas Klebsiella sp. , Proteus sp. were (4.7%) ,(4.7%) respectively . The peak age of incidence was (40-60) years ,it was found that male are more then females and type 2-Diabetic patients more than type 1- Diabetic patients .
RESISTANCE AND SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF CLINICAL ISOLATES -OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AGAINST GENTAMYCIN, CO TRIMETHOPRIM, AMOXICILLIN AND CEFALEXIN IN AL-NAJAF AL ASHREF
Authors: H.SHEEH ADEL
Published: January 2024

Staphylococcus aureus one of the most common pathogen that cause a wide range of infection started by simple skin infection and end by septicemias and high possibility of death .we try to study the sensitivity and resistance pattern of staphylococcus aureus against Gentamycin, Cotrimethoprim, Amoxicillin and Cefalexin .A 55 isolates of staphylococcus aureus obtained from urine, pleural fluid, joint aspiration, ear, skin, and pus, of indoor and outdoor patient in AL-SADER teaching hospital, AL-NAJAF AL-ASHREF, IRAQ. From a period extended between 9-1-2006 ---- 8-3-2007.And each isolate was tested for these 4 antibacterial drug , and we see that Gentamycin show the highest percentage of sensitivity by staphylococcus aureus (34.83%) while Amoxicillin show the highest percentage of resistance by staphylococcus aureus ( 30%).
Symptoms Frequencies and Stressors in the Hysterical Subjects
Authors: Dawood Ahmed AL-Jiboori Saadoun
Published: January 2024

Hysteria is one of the oldest words, derived from Greek word meaning wondering of uterus in the body. Hysterical neurosis was eliminated from DSM-III, and its subsequent editions (DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV, and DSM-IVTR), and its replacement by "dissociation disorders" and "conversion disorders. This study was done to identify frequency of hysterical symptoms and the preceding stressors.52patients was diagnosed according to DSM-IVTR, diagnostic criteria, between July and December2007. Then all patients were assessed with a semi structured interview, using seven items, about, age, sex, marital status, educational level, occupation, stressors and residential status.81% of the patients were females while 19% were males. The most frequent presentation was with conversion symptoms in 75% of the cases. Loss of consciousness was the most frequent symptom (25%), followed by paralysis (21%). 86% of patients had a history of stressors; while 14% deny any history of stressors. Most patients had a low educational level and they were from rural areas. Hysterical patients were presenting with one or more symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function, this emphasizes the need for awareness among other specialties ofthese symptoms. Stressors are present in a large proportion of these patients and identification of these stressors is important for their management.
Inheritance Ppattern of Fragile X-Syndrome in Iraqi Families
Authors: D. Chalap Al-Graw Eqbal
Published: January 2024

This study included five Iraqi families from four provinces, many members who suffered from congenital fragile X chromosome. Five family pedigrees were drawn up very clearly to follow the pattern of fragile X chromosome. The study showed that there is marked discrepancy in the sex ratio, with only boys affected. Females are affected only if they were homozygous, Heterozygous (carrier) females were clinically normal but transmitted the disease to 35% of their sons, and there i s one in two risks that their daughters too were carriers. The fragile X chromosome was never transmitted directly from affected father to his sons but through his daughters to next generation indicating the skip-generation of inheritance. This study suggeststhatfragile X chromosome is inherited as X chromosome linked disease.
Prevalence of anxiety disorders among outpatient depressed patients in Thi-qar governorate
Authors: H.Hussien A
Published: January 2024

The study determined the frequency of anxiety disorders in a large group of depressed outpatients. The Composit International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to130 depressed outpatients. More than one-half of the patients met the full criteria for a current anxiety disorder, and more than one-half of the patients with an anxiety disorder had more than one. When partial remissions and anxiety disorder diagnoses classified as "not otherwise specified" were included, two-thirds of the patients had a current anxiety disorder and three-quarters had a lifetime history of an anxiety disorder.The majority of patients with a principal diagnosis of unipolar major depressive disorder have a comorbid anxiety disorder. Because antidepressant medications have differential efficacies for anxiety disorders, knowledge of the presence of a comorbid anxiety disorder in a depressed patient may have treatment implications.
A Study about Bacterial Contamination In Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital
Authors: A. HMOOD BEHEEJA , H. Al-Hamedany Adnan , A. Al-Shammary Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The results of our study showed that percentage of bacterial contamination in operating rooms was (66.2%) before disinfection method, and after disinfection method was (47.5%). High contamination percentage (100%) was in room floor covers and was decreased to (60%) after disinfectant. The lowest percentage of contamination (1%) was in surgical instruments and disappeared after disinfectant. The percentage of contamination in disinfectants and antiseptics was (55%), high contamination percentage (75%) was in Chloroxylenol (Dettol) whereas the owest (25%) was in Formalin.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Iraqi Patients Clinical Features and Psychopharmacological Treatment
Authors: A. Monicher Al-zaidi Adel
Published: January 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorders(PTSD)may follow civilian psychological trauma .This study was an attempt to identify the frequency of clinical features of this significant disorder among Iraqi patients who exposed to various forms of sever civilian trauma ,and also to explore the effectiveness of psychotropic medications used in treatment ,and available in Iraqi market . For this purpose, 25 patients with a diagnosis of PTSD were studied carefully. Symptoms were sever according to the number of Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) items fulfilled ,chronicity and severity of psychosocial disability .Antidepressants had good or moderate results in 69% of cases treated ,but major tranquilizers were much less effective.
Life Events and Depression in Diwania
Authors: Mohammad Al-Kafaje AbdulZahra , Al-hamzawi Ali
Published: January 2024

Sixty patients diagnosed as depression at Al-Diwania teaching hospital by two psychiatrist using Beck-Dep. Inventory Short version, compared with eighty non- psychiatrically disturbed controls, in the period between 1st July 2000 to 31 Dec. 2000. Were studied for life events using a semi-structured life events interview. It was found that depressed group had significantly more life events in the twelve months preceding the onset of their depression than the controls in the same periods.
The role of epidural neostigmine in postoperative analgesia.
Authors: Hrez Al-Sudani Basim
Published: January 2024

A prospective randomized study was performed for 60 adult male patients presented for external fixation of tibial fractures under general anaesthesia in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital.All subjects according to American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) classification were grade 1,between 20 â€“ 35 of age. Before induction of general anaesthesia,an epidural catheter was inserted.At the end of surgery and recovery ,subjects were allocated into four groups (15 patients in each group): Group 1 ( n=15 ) received 4 ml of epidural saline with 4 ml of 0.75% lidocaine (control group).  Group 2 ( n=15 ) received 4 ug|kg epidural neostigmine diluted with normal saline to a total 4 ml volume with 4 ml of 0.75% lidocaine. Group 3 ( n=15 ) received 7 ug|kg epidural neostigmine diluted with normal saline to a total 4 ml volume with 4 ml of 0.75% lidocaine. Group 4 ( n=15 ) received 10 ug|kg epidural neostigmine diluted with normal saline to a total 4 ml volume with 4 ml of 0.75% lidocaine. All patients were assessed for 24 hours postoperatively for hemodynamic recording (heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure monitoring) at fixed intervals (3,6,9,12,24 hr) .For postoperative pain relief , diclofenac suppository was administered in increments of 50 mg on patient demand.The time from the end of surgery to first request, and the number of times diclofenac was requested in the first 24 hours after surgery , were recorded.Degree of sedation and number of postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed.The aim of this study is to show the impact of addition of epidural neostigmine in three different doses with lidocaine or the use of epidural lidocaine alone on the postoperative analgesia following external fixation of tibial fractures.The result showed that the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate(HR) during the postoperative period showed significant decrease in the four groups compared to the baseline reading. However , the reduction was within 20% of the baseline and thus clinically acceptable and harmless.The postoperative analgesic duration(expressed as the time of first rescue analgesic supplementation of diclofenac suppository given ) , was significantly longer in group 4 in comparison with other groups. The number of times diclofenac was requested during the first 24 hours after surgery were significantly lower in group 4 in comparison with other groups. Also there was no significant difference between the four groups asregarding postoperative nausea and vomiting. As regarding sedation , Group 4 has a significantly higher sedation score than the other groups in the first three hours postoperatively.Thus , it is concluded that postoperative epidural neostigmine in dose of 10 ug/kg, can provide a good postoperative analgesia , without side effect , when added to lidocaine and produces a longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine alone.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome complications and treatment.
Authors: Sahib Abbas Samar
Published: January 2024

This study carried out on 55 recorded cases child of hemolytic uremic syndrome admitted during a period of eight years (1991-1998) to Al-Mansour pediatric teaching hospital in Baghdad.It is found that gastrointestinal tract complications was the commonest (32.7%) followed by central nervous system complications (20%) while hypertension was present only in (14.5%) of patients thirty three percent of patients died. Central nervous system complications were statistically significant risk factor for death . these result comes with the result of taper â€“ D et al (11) study except that the number of death was only (8%) which is low figure in comparison with this study.
Enhancement of enteric bacterial growth in culture media supplemented with cyclamate and aspartame
Authors: J. Al-Timim Bushra
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to show the effect of sweeteners Sodium cyclamate and aspartame on culture media and its role in the enhancement of the growth of some clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter. Results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were unable to grow in low concentration of aspartame (0.9, 1.8 mg/ml) but they showed well growth at relatively high concentrations of this compound. Results also showed that Enterobacter spp was the best growers (109 cells/ml) at high concentration of aspartame (9.0 mg/ml) P> 0.05 . Sodium cyclamate enhanced the growth of E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ,and Enterobacter spp. at different concentrations P< 0.001. Escherichia coli showed heavy growth and was the best growers (109-1010 cells/ml) at different concentrations of Sodium cyclamate.
Abiochemical evaluation of lenses on cataract patients
Authors: E.Alqaysi Suhayr
Published: January 2024

A study of (46) patients, suffering from cataract disease was done in the Ophthalmology Department of Al-Jamhori Teaching Hospital, Babylon Governorate for the period from May - August 2008. Their ages FROM ranged from (30 -79) years old.(13) suffering from diabetes, (10) hypertension, (11) diabetes with hypertension, and (12) suffering from cataract only used as a control group. This study included measuring some biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triacylglycerides), in lens homogenates.The results revealed highly significant increase in the total protein concentrations, while albumin concentration decreased significantly, on diabetes cataract and no changes in cholesterol and triacylglycerides concentration happened when compared with control groups.
Confirmation of positive acid fast bacilli samples by tuberculosis bacilli culture
Authors: A.M. Al-Rashedi Nihad , A. Al-Hamadani Adnan , M.S. Al-Taee Orass
Published: January 2024

This study attempts to estimate the efficiency of acid fast bacilli(AFB) stain technique to diagnosis tuberculosis in the different samples. This study was performed in general Al-Diawynia hospital and Department of Microbiology, Medicine College, Al-Qadisiha University between October 2005 to October 2008. A total of 1654 clinical samples from 750 patients analyzed for acid-fast staining. These were 605 sputum, 67 bronchial wash, 42 pleural fluids, 4 urine, 7 ascetic fluids and 3 cerebrospinal fluids. The stained smear-positive were (5.3 %) distributed in different samples .Seventy five patients (10%) were evaluated by Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium culture that it was employed as gold standard for tuberculosis diagnosis, of these 58 were culture-positive specimens. The sensitivity of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain Methods and LJ culture were (68.9 %) and (95.2 %) respectively. The specificity of ZN stain Methods and LJ culture were (88.2 %) and (45.4 %) respectively. The diagnosis accuracy of ZN stain Methods and LJ culture were (73.3 %) and (73.3 %) respectively. The positive predictive value of ZN stain Methods and LJ culture were (95.2 %) and (68.9 %), while negative predictive value were (45.4 %) and (88.2 %) respectively.
Mucosal Immunology Of Human Infectious Diseases
Authors: M.S. Shnawa Ibrahim
Published: January 2024

Mucosal surfaces play crucial role in immune defenses against human infection diseases. Such mucosal defenses are in a way or other related to systemic defenses mechanisms. A review of ten years works 1999-2009 is being presented. Mucosal infections induces, mucosal and systemic immune response. The systemic response mostly higher than mucosal . The patient herd immunity induces low, moderate and high immune patients, showing normal distribution curves.
A Study Of Lipid Profile On A Group Of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus And Coronary Heart Disease In Najaf
Authors: Madlol AL-Janabi Anwar , Mahdi AL-khafaji Salih , Saeed Abdul Zahraa Mohammad
Published: January 2024

diabetes mellitus DM and undoubtly contribute to increase in risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), CHD represent one of the most important health problems and remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries all over the world.Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the lipid profile parameters level among patients with DM and pateints with CHD.Methods: A total of 90 patients ( 50 DM; 25 males and 25 females and 40 CHD; 20 males and 20 females ), in comparison with 40 of healthy individuals ( 20 male and 20 female). The patients were randomly selected in Najaf region. The lipid profile parameters were measured for each patients and healthy individuals using Spainreact kits with standard procedure.

Results:The results revealed that DM and CHD patients had higher level of TC and Tg, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in DM and CHD patients of both sexes when compared with normal individual, whereas LDL-cholesterol was significantly higher inCHD male and female patients. The atherogenic index was significantly increased in CHD male and female patients according to their age levels.Conclusion:The present study indicate that lipid profile parameters level were elevated in two types of patients but the atherogenic index was higher in CHD patients more than in DM patients .
Effect of physical exercise on fasting blood glucose level and vital capacity in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Saihood AL-Shujairi Ghafil , Hassan AL-Nesrawy Samir , Majeed AL-Saleh Shrooq
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted at twenty five male subjects (13 diabetic patients, and 12 normal persons). Their ages ranged from 40 â€“ 60 years old. The patients were diagnosed by specialist physicians. All subjects were recruited to medical Physics' laboratory in the College of Medicine, Babylon University, in Iraq. The study conducted during the period from March 2009 to September 2009. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), heart rate (HR) and vital capacity were measured before and after exercise. The body weight and height were measured for all subjects at rest. The results of the present study revealed that all type 2 diabetic patients had decrease level of fasting blood sugar significantly (P < 0.001) in comparison to control after 15 minutes of moderate exercise, with non significant increase of HR (P > 0.05). The controls group showed non significant (P> 0.05) decrease in level of sugar, but they showed significant increase in vital capacity of lungs (P < 0.001).
The use of propolis and black cumin in treatment of some wounds and burn infections
Authors: Hamad uobeed AL-Hamadani Adnan
Published: January 2024

Background : Due to the randomly uses of antibiotics at the last decades against pathogenic microbes and the difficulties of treatment and recovery of burns and wounds infections especially in the hospitalized patients , an attention have been awarded to find an alternative medicine such the uses of as a medical plants preparations or natural materials to minimize the side effects that may resulted from the antibiotics therapy . Aim : If study the effects in vitro& in vivo of the natural material (propolis = bees wax) and the medicinal plant ( black cumin) as alone or in their combination against some pathogenic isolates of burns and wounds contamination.Materials & methods : Burns and wounds swabs were collected from hosted in patients in Al-Dwiania teaching hospital in order to isolate and identified the causative agents of burns and wounds infections using the routine culture methods .The effect of oily extract of black cumin seeds and alcoholic extract of propolis using disk diffusion and dilution methods of antibiotics susceptibly test were done against different isolate of bacterial causes of burns and woundsinfections .The lethal dose (LD50) for prepared extracts was calculated .The efficacy of these extracts ( propolis & black cumin ) were also tested as in vivo an ointment preparation (9%) against experimentally infected skin of mice with bacterial isolates .Results : The main medical active ingredients in black cumin's extract were flavonoids , phenols , resins , coumarins and glycosides, while in propolis were phenols , resins and flavonoids .S. aureus washighly ( P<0.05) susceptible to the action of each extract alone or in both , followed by Strep. pyogenes , E. coli and P. aeruginosa than the ointment of gentamcin as a control .The prapared ointment (9%) showed high qualification to treat such experimentally wounds in mice (8-9 days ) in comparison with control group (15-19 days ) .Conclusions & recommendations: The prepared mixture ointment from propolis and black cumin revealed a high efficacy (P<0.05) in treatment of wounds of laboratory infected mice with tested isolatesand with 100 toxicity than drug control (Gentamicine) , So , the use of these medicinal and natural material in treatment can be recommended after a widely and deeply studies on voluntaries to document and establish the usage of this ointment .
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain
Authors: R. Alharis Nada
Published: January 2024

Background: The relation between abnormalities in the lumbar spine and low back pain is controversial ,incidental findings might lead to additional testing & the potential for unnecessary intervention.Objective: We examined the prevalence of abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the lumbar spine in people without back pain.Patients& Methods : We performed MRI examinations on 200 asymptomatic people (130 females &70 males), ages range 20 -60 yers. We used the following standardized terms to classify the five intervertebral disks in the lumbosacral spine: normal, bulge, protrusion, and extrusion.Results: Thirty two percent of the 200 asymptomatic subjects had normal disks at all levels. Forty eight percent of the subjects had a bulge at least one level, 23 percent had a protrusion, and 2 percent had an extrusion. Forty percent had an abnormality of more than one intervertebral disk. The prevalence of bulges & protrusions increased with age.

Conclusions: On MRI examination of the lumbar spine, many people without back pain have disk bulges or protrusions but not extrusions. Clinical correlation is essential to determine the importance of disk abnormalities on magnetic resonance images.
Study of Human Cytomegalovirus nucleic acid in specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma and villous adenoma using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique
Authors: AL-Mosawi Ja'afer , Adwar Luaâ€™ay , M.A.Nazar ALShammary Ahmed
Published: January 2024

Although the rapid advance in the understanding of molecular pathways underlying human tumorigenesis causes that initiate dysregulation of the pathways remain largely unknown. Human cytomegalovirus has been shown to transform cultured cells, however, viral DNA is not detected in most transforming cells, and the mechanism by which HCMV might contribute to oncogenesis has remained obscure. For further investigation of HCMV role in human colorectal tumorigenesis, we have tested 13 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma & 5 specimens of villous adenoma using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The results of PCR assay showed specific single band in 9 of 13 specimens (69.23%) of colorectal adenocarcinoma, and 3 of 5 (60%) of villous adenoma, by using specific primer targeted directly to the early gene (pp65) that expressed within host DNA, the results read by agarose gel electrophoresis & UV â€“ transilluminator. The presence of HCMV genetic information in human tumors is a hot point because HCMV can infect the organs latently in a high percentage of normal individuals, it also remains possible that HCMV modulates the biologic properties of malignant cells without being directly involved in carcinogenesis.
Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus in Iraqi patients
Authors: Abed Abdul-husse Arwaa
Published: January 2024

Objective:- To evaluate the incidence and types of cutaneous manifestations in diabetic patients in Iraq. Patients and methods:- One hundred diabetic patients attended the department of dermatology and venereology was evaluated. Sixty of them were male and 40 female. Sixty two percent of them had type I and 38% had type I diabetes mellitus I.Result: - Neuropathic cutaneous lesions were found in 32.43% of patients. Dryness of the skin and hair loss being the commonest. Vascular skin lesions were 14.86 %, diabetic dermopathy and necropiosis lipodica constitutes the highest percent. Cutaneous infections occurred in 20.7% weather bacterial or monilial infection. Drug eruptions were 10.36%, commonly complicate insulin therapy. Other miscellaneous skin lesions appeared in 21.62%. Purities were the commonest.

Conclusion: - Diabetic skin manifestations are not uncommon in both types of diabetes mellitus.
Determinants of immediate outcome of surgical esophagectomy
Authors: Al-amran Fadhil , Abdulla Al-aquli Hassan
Published: January 2024

Background: Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) has been gaining popularity for the past two and a half decades. In 1978 Orringer and Sloan renewed interest in this procedure, presenting it as an alternative approach to the more traditional transthoracic esophagectomy. This isdone without a thoracotomy and the physiologic impact on the body is minimized, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates. Patients and methods: this is retrospective and prospective study include total number of 93 patients underwent surgical esophagectomy for different reasons during period of time from December 2003 until July 2011, in AL- Najaf Governorate hospitals. Patients reviewed retrospectively, postoperative outcome that noticed during one month period postoperatively. Surgical access is divided into three approaches either left or right thoracotomy approach with laparotomy. Third approach was the transhiatal esophagectomy.Results: The mean age of patients was the oldest in right thoracotomy group (5oÂ± 6.5 years) and less in left thoracotomy group (48Â± 4.6 years) and least in transhiatal group (46Â±5.1 years). Transhiatal group for non tumor causes is exceptional group as this is childhood with age (6Â±2.3 year). There is significant predominance of male gender and the adenocarcinoma is the predominant histopathological type in all groups. This study addressed that transhiatal approach is a better option for esophageal resection if the patient is good candidate for this approach, as this approach has shorter surgical time, less hospital stay, no anastomotic leak, no gastric dilatation as stomach will be enclosed in the esophageal bed, however this approach- the transhiatal- has more blood loss and more incidence of cardiac compression and arrhythmias which need special and close observation and management.Conclusions: Transhiatal approach is a better option in suitable candidate that has better immediate surgical outcome yet it need more close observation and management.Background:Transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) has been gaining popularity for the past two and a half decades. In 1978 Orringer and Sloan renewed interest in this procedure, presenting it as an alternative approach to the more traditional transthoracic esophagectomy.(1) This is done without a thoracotomy and the physiologic impact on the body isminimized, resulting in decreased morbidity and mortality rates.