bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(RE)SHARING FEMINISMS: RE-SHARING INSTAGRAM STORIES AS EVERYDAY FEMINIST PRACTICES
Authors: Caldeira Sofia P.
Published: February 2025

Contemporary experiences of everyday feminisms often include the use of social media platforms like Instagram. The introduction of Instagram Stories created a space for emerging feminist engagements, allowing for practices of re-sharing content that serve as small acts of political engagement, accommodating the participation of otherwise reluctant users. This article explores the feminist potential of these re-sharing practices, grounding it on the analysis of 2282 Instagram Stories, produced by 52 Instagram users in Portugal. This analysis combines qualitative textual analysis, close readings, and the use of digital methods to explore overarching patterns. The article foregrounds the multiple meanings of re-sharing, its social character, its ability to engage in intertextual conversations with the original context, while simultaneously recognising some of the limitations of the Stories’ format for feminist action. In this way, this article reflects on the tensions and possibilities of these small acts of political engagement.
BROKERS OF THE METAVERSE: HOW A WEB3 PLAY-TO-EARN GAMING GUILD ACTS AS CULTURAL MEDIATOR ON TWITTER
Authors: Camarasa San Juan Violeta , Kuznetsov Dmitry
Published: February 2025

Play-to-earn (P2E) games targeting users unfamiliar with cryptocurrencies are playing a key role within the industries known as blockchain, crypto or Web3. P2E gaming guilds (Elliott, 2021) are emerging as essential intermediaries bridging Web2 and Web3 ecosystems. Drawing from social network theory’s study of brokerage motivations, this paper examines the structure and communication practices of a P2E guild, Yield Guild Games (YGG) on Twitter. Through a computational analysis of YGG’s presence on Twitter, the paper compares two mention networks corresponding to a period of optimism, and a period of crisis. We used network analysis to examine the structure of YGG communication on Twitter (Rathnayake, 2023), analysed tweets using BERTopic topic modeling (Grootendorst, 2022), and extracted links to determine what information is shared within the network (Hoyng, 2023). The results demonstrate YGG’s role as a “cultural broker” (Foster & Ocejo, 2015) promoting the adoption of blockchain technologies, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and ideologies (Swartz, 2017), ascribing legitimacy and value to particular actors and products in the Web3 ecosystem. The topic lists highlight prominent communication practices related to community building, such as AMA (ask me anything) sessions and airdrops.
LLMS AND THE GENERATION OF MODERATE SPEECH
Authors: De Keulenaar Emillie
Published: February 2025

For the past year, using large language models (LLMs) for content moderation appears to have solved some of the perennial issues of online speech governance. Developers have promised 'revolutionary' improvements (Weng, Goel and Vallone, 2023), with large language models considered capable of bypassing some of the semantic and ideological ambiguities of human language that hinder moderation at scale (Wang et al., 2023). For this purpose, LLMs are trained to generate “moderate speech” – that is, not to utter offensive language; to provide neutral, balanced and reliable prompt outputs; and to demonstrate an appreciation for complexity and relativity when asked about controversial topics. But the search for optimal content moderation obscures broader questions about what kind of speech is being generated. How does generative AI speak “moderately”? That is: under what norms, training data and larger institutions does it produce “moderate speech”? By examining the regulatory frameworks AI labs, comparing responses to moderation prompts across three LLMs and scrutinising their training datasets, this paper seeks to shed light on the norms, techniques and regulatory cultures around the generation of “moderate speech” in LLM chat completion models.
MERGING QUEER READINGS AND GAMES: AN ANALYSIS OF CO-CREATED QUEER NARRATIVES OF SIDON AND LINK THROUGH PLAY IN TEARS OF THE KINGDOM
Authors: Dennin Kimberly Grace
Published: February 2025

The release of the video game $2 in 2017 ushered in one of the most popular ships that the Legend of Zelda series has seen, that of Sidon and Link. In Breath of the Wild Link travels to the kingdom of the Zora, a race of humanoid fish creatures, and meets their prince, Sidon. Sidon’s charm and enthusiasm for Link resulted in many fans claiming that Sidon was Link’s boyfriend. In the sequel, $2 , fans were faced with a new character, Yona, who was introduced as Sidon’s fiancée, thus contradicting their previous queer readings. However, there were also many subtextually queer moments that provided support for the queer readings of Sidon and Link. What is at stake here is understanding where these queer readings fit in relation to the heteronormative reading that the inclusion of Yona supports. To come closer to this understanding I analyzed examples of queer streamers on Twitch playing through the quest line with Sidon and the queer readings that the streamer and viewers in chat created. I argue that the co-creation of these queer readings is a form of play, allowing fans to change the game so it is satisfying and fulfilling, and thus cannot be separated from the game. Through play, these communities were able to create narratives maintaining Sidon and Link’s romantic relationship that drew on in-game elements to have a satisfying experience with the quest line thus making it a part of the game.
EDUCATED USERS: REFINING MANNERS THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA CORPORATE CURRICULUMS
Authors: Docherty Niall , Valderrama Barragán Matías
Published: February 2025

This paper will scrutinise modes through which social media companies create, disseminate and deliver free digital literacy curriculums to educators, parents, caregivers and users. Following the thought of Norbert Elias, we consider these practices as part of broader attempts to $2 of human groups according to (contingent) values and beliefs, and which serve the capitalist interests of powerful global institutions seeking to inculcate them in doing so. Using Meta’s $2 digital literacy program and Instagram’s $2 as empirical case studies, we ask: What is the specific content of social media curriculums of safe, healthy and educated use? And how do these educational resources inculcate certain habits and manners, for whom, and with what implications? Our findings indicate that the type of digital literacy constructed through these resources is a distinctly responsibilized prospect, operating through self-control, and verified in relation to neoliberal behaviourist ideologies. We argue that by loading the pressure on individuals to protect themselves against the ‘toxicity’ of platforms, social media companies seek to absolve themselves from the responsibility to address the potentially harmful aspects of their services themselves. We argue that this constitutes a performance of corporate responsibility, responding to the criticisms that have been levelled at platforms in recent years, while diverting attention away from the exploitative capitalist logics motivating their operations. In highlighting the cultural, normative and political limits of social media corporate curriculums, our paper ultimately highlights the need to develop alternative critical, creative and independent digital literacies in response.
FABRICATING STATELESS INCOME: DECONSTRUCTING THE DISCOURSES OF MULTINATIONAL PLATFORM CORPORATIONS’ TAX AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES IN AUSTRALIA AND CANADA
Authors: Dugmore Harry
Published: February 2025

While upending domestic and global news media’s advertising income streams via the provision of superior “commercial datafication” (Mansell, 2021) and “digital tracking and profiling” (Christl, 2017) functionalities, Multinational Platform Corporations (MNPCs) have also implemented opaque strategies to minimize their domestic and global tax liabilities. These strategies have been an important contributor to both Meta and Alphabet’s surging profits over the past decade – from US$1.5b for Meta in 2013, to $39b in 2023 and, for Google, now listed as part of parent company Alphabet, from a US$12.73b profit in 2013 to US$74b in 2023. These spectacular levels of profitability have been achieved despite a proliferation of local and some transnational ‘diverted profits tax’ laws (Colbran, E., & Farhat, S, 2023; Dunne, 2016) designed to prevent companies from shifting revenue from high-tax countries to ‘low or no tax’ jurisdictions. MNPCs have been able to not just continue to transform the majority of their revenue into "stateless” income (Kleinbard, 2016), which is not taxed in the country where the income is generated nor, often, even in the country where the corporation is headquartered, but to get better at this and other forms of tax avoidance, via improving both their ability to strategically “navigate institutional complexity” (Kornelakis, A., & Hublart, P. (2022) and, as this paper argues, to shape national and transnational discourses about their strategies. In both Canada and Australia, these strategies continue to allow the deflecting of public and political pressure to support (or mitigate the disruption to) local news ecosystems.
PREDICTIONS OF THE SELF: AI AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SUBJECTIVATION
Authors: Frizzera Luciano
Published: February 2025

The recent widespread availability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and the extensive records of human activities and behaviour in digital format present serious challenges related to how individuals construct their own identities and social relations. AI systems datafy our body and our sense of self, producing a new cartography of biopower (Foucault, 1982) and a new form of the political economy of subjectivation (Langlois & Elmer, 2019) that treats individuals as objects from which raw material is extracted to produce predictive models that act as our data doubles (Haggerty & Ericson, 2000). Issues such as algorithmic social biases (Bolukbasi et al., 2016), the idealized and pragmatic economic uses of AI (Srnicek, 2017), and the consequent reproduction of already existing power structures by predictive models (Crawford, 2021) have been problematized in the literature. This paper asks what kinds of data and labour mobilization occur in and around the production of predictive models: What political economy and socio-technical conditions are involved in the production of AI? How do these conditions produce predictive models that shape our sense of self and identity? Focusing on Kaggle, a platform for crowdsourcing AI development, I use digital methods and a software studies approach to examine the practices of the data science community on three high-profile machine learning projects and conclude by arguing that machine learning has been thought of and developed as a prediction of the self in order to prescribe individual behaviour to fulfill specific economic conditions.
VISUALISING 10 THOUSAND CITIES? UBER'S DATA STORIES ON KNOWING URBAN SPACE
Authors: Guerra Abel
Published: February 2025

In 2020, Uber celebrated its presence in over 10.000 cities around the world. Such global scaling and granular infiltration of algorithmic-powered management of labour and urban dynamics are achieved through efforts to datafy and visualise cities, making them intelligible under a unified vision. While workers on the ground precariously move across territories, Uber’s engineering teams invest in abstract and disembodied views of the city. Taking Uber’s knowledge production about cities as an object of inquiry, this paper explores the epistemic dimensions of platformisation, delving into platforms' technical and narrative reliance on datafication. Through the analysis of 41 publications on Uber Engineering Blog (UEB), it delves into Uber's textual and visual data stories on knowing cities, highlighting the contrast between a lively community of practitioners and industry, and the neglect in acknowledging platform workers' labour and needs.
DYING AND BEING DEAD IN XR: IMMERSIVE REHEARSALS OF DEATH; AFFECTIVE ARTEFACTS POST-LIFE
Authors: Heemsbergen Luke , Hawker Kiah , Meyrick Tonya , Greuter Stefan
Published: February 2025

We offer in-depth theorisation of two multi-site case studies of dying and being dead in Extended Reality (XR) to investigate immersive death experiences facilitated by these media. Our observations, discussion and critique underscore an emergent and nuanced interplay between spatial technologies and death encounters, their linked phenomenological cultural constructions, and the emerging industry that channels these phenomenon. XR are media technologies that mediate digital data with the physical world in real time. Yet, this might take users ‘out' of their surroundings through VR systems that map-but-hide the physical, and replace it with what programmers desire. Or, XR might seemingly add digital artefacts that relate with the physical world via AR systems that have us peering through screens or – arguably, hearing spatial cues (Boisvert et al. 2023), that are computed to fool our senses of what is ‘in’ the real. What – and who – is able to be brought ‘in’ and ‘out’ of the perceived world has significant consequences for the growing industry of necro technologies. Our work then, focuses on two multi-site phenomenological cases within the digital necro-industry: the first, is taking users ‘out’ of the real (usually via VR) to experience death, dying or the dead; and second, bringing death ‘in’ to the physical world via mediations of the dead, death or dying. The paper concludes with a discussion that syntheses our study of industrial trends and phenomenological-technological critique to consider how stakeholders that have hitherto not been invited to compose cultures of XR death-tech might act.
WEB ARCHIVING AFTER PLATFORMIZATION: READING ARCHIVED SOCIAL MEDIA ALONG THE GRAIN
Authors: Hegarty Kieran
Published: February 2025

This paper draws on ethnographic and historical research at two Australian libraries to explore how the platformization of the web has altered the content, character, and potential future utility of web archives. I argue that, in attempting to collect social media, these libraries face a double bind: while web crawling undertaken at the National Library of Australia allows for immediate but often incomplete or inconsistent access, the API-based approach taken by the State Library of New South Wales constrains both the data collected and how it can be made accessible due to a shifting set of rules that are established and enforced by platforms. By examining the constraints of current strategies to collect, preserve, and make available social media content, I illustrate how changes to platform design and policies significantly influence what is included in web archives and how they are made available. As the ruptures and inconsistencies of collections of social media in web archives are often opaque to both creators of web archives and those using them, I argue that web archives can be read “along the archival grain” for evidence of the platformization of the web. This approach, which draws on anthropologist Ann Stoler’s critical readings on the form and placement of colonial archives (rather than just their contents), allows an assessment of how the gaps, silences, densities, and distributions of web archives are shaped by the shifting power dynamics between different actors involved in the production, circulation, distribution, and use of information on the web.
CONTENT CREATORS VS THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF THE TECHNO-CULTURAL AUTHORITY OF ADHD TIKTOK
Authors: Holroyd Deanna
Published: February 2025

According to social media users’ comments, the recent increase in social media content detailing the symptoms and experiences of living with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has led to many users self-diagnosing with the disorder. This conference paper presents the findings of an 18-month-long digital ethnographic study in which I analyzed ADHD TikTok videos and the technological infrastructures and assemblages surrounding the TikTok app, to interrogate how TikTok has become a voice of authority in the self-diagnosis of ADHD. This paper demonstrates how ADHD TikTok content creators create videos that cultivate sentiments of trust, intimacy, and relatability. These creators also adopt visual and discursive norms from other trending TikTok content, and from more traditional visual media content. In doing so, ADHD content creators generate authority by conforming and contributing to a set of coproduced content standards that ensure their videos are deemed viewable and relevant by viewers and the algorithm. Contrary to traditional understandings of authority, I find that medical authority on TikTok is not produced by individuals or institutions, but rather by content creators’ collective and collaborative performativity of everyday lived experiences, and their engagement with the supporting technologies of the TikTok app. To account for this shift in how authority is produced in our digital mediascape, I build on theories of social, cultural, and algorithmic authority, to offer a theoretical framework of ‘techno-cultural authority’. I ultimately argue that the techno-cultural authority of ADHD TikTok challenges customary understandings of authority figures and disrupts traditional medical expertise within the American healthcare industry.
THE PHOTOJOURNALISTIC GIF: VISUAL JOURNALISM IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA ERA
Authors: Kopelman Sara
Published: February 2025

In recent years, visual journalism has embraced a new form of storytelling alongside photographs and videos: the photographic GIF (graphics interchange format). Despite its association with humor on social media, the GIF has unexpectedly become a legitimate tool for documenting disasters and tragedies in online news. This challenges the traditional solemn tone of journalism, as the GIF's short, repetitive, and silent nature is reminiscent of humorous content rather than serious news representation.

Photojournalism traditionally utilizes still images and videos for narrative storytelling, each having distinct characteristics and narrative possibilities. In contrast, the photographic GIF emerges as a hybrid format, combining photography and film elements. Its unique attribute of the looped movement stands in overt contrast with conventional news formats but reflects the transformations in visual news production following the widespread use of smartphones and social media. These changes shifted news consumption habits and have caused news organizations to adopt new designs and forms for online news outlets.

This research focuses on the photographic GIF as a new visual form in online news, particularly in representing tragic events. It uses semiotic visual analysis and interviews with senior online news editors to explore the uses, meanings, and editorial considerations behind GIF production in newsrooms. The findings reveal the GIF's expansion beyond its initial contexts, demonstrating its legitimacy in the journalistic sphere and uncovering its means of conveying informative and traumatic content. The research underscores how the digital journalism industry adapts to the contemporary environment by integrating GIFs into storytelling practices.
EMPOWERING VOTERS AND FOSTERING HEALTHY POLITICAL DISCOURSE: DISCURSIVE LEGITIMATION BY DIGITAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF ELECTIONS
Authors: Laaksonen Salla-Maaria , Pantti Mervi , Hatakka Niko
Published: February 2025

The role of digital media platforms as societal actors has been increasingly brought to the fore in recent years. We have also grown to understand how platforms foster actors and media formats not motivated by liberal and democratic norms. Critical scholarship has pointed out the role of platforms in amplifying extreme content and misinformation, allowing for the manipulation of political processes and communication, and intervening in the processes of political communication more broadly. In this study, we focus on the discursive strategies adopted by the platforms to publicize and justify their actions related to electoral and political communication on their services. We ask, how do platform companies articulate elections as a context through which they discursively construct their role and legitimacy as major actors in society? Using a large dataset of corporate blogs from ten platform companies (N=27,616, n=413, years 2006-2022) we show a shift from an opportunity-focused discourse that promotes participation, digital democracy, and politician-citizen interaction to a more defensive discourse stressing companies’ responsible attitude to elections, as evidenced by their transparency efforts, advertising control, fact-checking initiatives, and strategic partnerships. Our findings demonstrate an institutionalization of discourses among the platform companies and highlight their reactive response strategies from feature development to corporate legitimation strategies. The platforms strategically mobilize the empowering participation-focused discourses typically used to describe social media to rebuild their legitimacy and position them as proactive agents in society.
TRUST ISSUES AND RESPONSIBILITIES: SOCIAL IMAGINARIES, RISK, AND USER LABOUR IN DIGITAL BANKING APPS
Authors: Li Yuening , Kerr Aphra , Ryan Linzi
Published: February 2025

This paper draws upon conceptual frameworks of platformisation (van Dijck, Poell, and de Waal, 2018), media convergence (Jensen, 2022), trust in digital banking (Mezei and Verteș-Olteanu, 2020; van Esterik-Plasmeijer and van Raaij, 2017), and social imaginaries (James, 2019; Mansell, 2012; Gillespie, 2018). It views digital banking apps as platforms that enable personalised interactions (Poell, Nieborg, and van Dijck, 2019), and aim to investigate the datafication (van Dijck, 2014; Sadowski, 2019) and platformisation of banking. This approach underscores the transformation of service dynamics and the challenges brought by digital banking concerning public accessibility and social inclusion (Swartz, 2020). We ask: a) What are the dominant imaginaries of payment reflected by contemporary financial services? and b) How do the design and affordances of digital payment services impact trust, responsibility, and user labour?

This paper employs a modified walkthrough method (Light, Burgess, and Duguay, 2018) including detailed content analysis of the Terms and Conditions (T&Cs) documents required for initial access to seven digital banking apps in Ireland. The sampled banking apps include Bank of Ireland (BOI), N26, An Post Money, Revolut IE, Chase UK, Starling Bank UK, and Klarna. The modified walkthroughs highlight a significant convergence between the finance and media industries. Our analysis identified three dominant social imaginaries of payment leading to different designs for digital banking apps: a) the Institutional Imaginary, b) the Transactional Imaginary, and c) the Digital Imaginary.
FREELANCING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: UNDERSTANDING FIVERR WITHIN THE GIG ECONOMY
Authors: Lutz Christoph , Whalley Jason , Stocker Volker
Published: February 2025

Platforms play an increasingly prominent role in today’s economy. As big tech companies like Alphabet, Meta and Alibaba leverage their size and access to large amounts of data to provide value for their users and shareholders, platforms have begun to emerge within the gig economy. The gig economy is where individuals rent out their labour, and has rapidly grown in recent years. This paper focuses on Fiverr, an online freelancing platform in the gig economy that allows individuals to sell their services to anyone who can access it. We undertake a longitudinal case study, exploring and analysing how Fiverr has developed its business to provide a number of services that facilitate the operation of the platform. We explain growth drivers, innovation strategies and show how they favour the buyer, which has created tensions in the operation of the platform. Additionally, we contextualize Fiverr, and online freelancing more generally, within two major socio-technical developments in recent years, namely the Covid-19 pandemic and the rise of generative AI, showing the turbulent times such platforms are currently facing.
SOCIAL IDENTITIES IN TWITTER ISSUE PUBLICS: BIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF HYPERACTIVE UNCIVIL AND INTOLERANT USERS IN AMERICAN ABORTION DISCOURSE
Authors: Oh Dayei , Sykora Martin , Elayan Suzanne
Published: February 2025

In the digital age, platforms such as Twitter foster the emergence of fragmented issue-based communities online, intersecting with traditional media and broader national discourse. However, these digital public spheres often deviate from idealised concepts like those proposed by Habermas, showcasing uncivil discourse and participatory disparities. Recent research highlights a subset of hyperactive users on Twitter who monopolise discussions on contentious topics like abortion, perpetuating intolerance and incivility.

Drawing on social psychological theories of social identity as discursive constructions, this study investigates how hyperactive uncivil and intolerant Twitter users present their identities. Analysing over 30,000 accounts, researchers scrutinise psycholinguistic patterns and emoji usage to answer two key questions: How do these hyperactive users describe their identities compared to non-hyperactive ones, and who are the verified, influencer accounts driving uncivil and intolerant discourse on abortion?

The findings reveal distinct identity markers among hyperactive users compared to non-hyperactive ones. Notably, hyperactive uncivil and intolerant users display varied discursive identifications, often aligning with religious, partisan, and familial affiliations rather than directly addressing abortion-related identities like pro-choice or pro-life. Furthermore, there's a notable dominance of pro-life social identity in online discourse, potentially influencing online public opinion despite being a minority in national surveys.

This research sheds light on the intricate relationship between discursive social identities and their hyperactive behaviours in Twitter issue publics. This study also contributes to our understanding of the key hyperactive actors in American Twitterspheres and beyond, driving incivility and intolerance in abortion discourse.
DOES ALGORITHMIC CONTENT MODERATION RPOMOTE DEMOCRATIC DISCOURSE? RADICAL DEMOCRATIC CRITIQUE OF TOXIC LANGUAGE AI
Authors: Oh Dayei , Downey John
Published: February 2025

Algorithmic content moderation is becoming a common practice employed by many social media platforms to regulate ‘toxic’ language and to promote democratic public conversations. This paper provides a normative critique of politically liberal assumption of civility embedded in algorithmic moderation, illustrated by Google’s Perspective API. From a radical democratic standpoint, this paper normatively and empirically distinguishes between incivility and intolerance because they have different implications for democratic discourse. The paper recognises the potential political, expressive, and symbolic values of incivility, especially for the socially marginalised. We, therefore, argue against regulation of incivility using AI. There are, however, good reasons to regulate hate speech but it is incumbent upon the users of AI moderation to show that this can be done reliably. The paper emphasises the importance of detecting diverse forms of hate speech that convey intolerant and exclusionary ideas without using explicitly hateful or extremely emotional wording. The paper then empirically evaluates the performance of the current algorithmic moderation to see whether it can discern incivility and intolerance and whether it can detect diverse forms of intolerance. Empirical findings reveal that the current algorithmic moderation does not promote democratic discourse, but rather deters it by silencing the uncivil but pro-democratic voices of the marginalised as well as by failing to detect intolerant messages whose meanings are embedded in nuances and rhetoric. New algorithmic moderation should focus on the reliable and transparent identification of hate speech and be in line with the feminist, anti-racist, and critical theories of democratic discourse.
READY TO HACK: HOW BUG BOUNTY PLATFORMS CREATE THEIR WORKFORCE
Authors: Perrig Luca
Published: February 2025

Bug bounty platforms are becoming a standard solution for detecting vulnerabilities in an increasingly complex networked economy. Serving as intermediaries between organizations and ethical hackers, they crowdsource offensive information security and show significant improvements in the detection of vulnerabilities.

In some sense, they can be likened to platforms of the gig economy. However, they stand out in one major regard: they do not have a pre-existing workforce. While platforms of the gig economy can rely on unqualified, often migrant, workers eager to earn the little money it provides, bug hunting platforms require highly qualified workers in a field where formal training is often lacking. This pushes bug bounty platforms to not only serve as intermediaries, but to also actively create the workforce they need.

This paper discusses the efforts needed for the establishment of such a labor supply. Four key requirements are identified. First, the workers are required to undergo proper training. The platforms thus design educational tools aimed at ensuring a skilled workforce. Second, bug hunting must be routinised. A precise set of actions, as well as standard software is suggested that largely automate the job. This allows for efficient vulnerability detection. Third, platforms must ensure competition among bug hunters in order to secure a loyal workforce. To this end, they will design gamification schemes, made of rewards and rankings. Fourth, platforms seek to embed bug hunting into formal careers. By building alliances with the industry, higher education institutions, or the army, they make bug hunting economically appealing.
BEYOND THE SWIPE: UNPACKING INDIAN WOMEN’S SAFETY STRATEGIES ON BUMBLE
Authors: Rajan Benson
Published: February 2025

Bumble, a dating app that positions itself as feminist and safe for women in India, has failed to live up to its claims. Despite its promotion of a safety-by-design approach, users have not fully embraced the app's safety features. This suggests a lack of understanding of the cultural factors contributing to the risks associated with online dating in India. To investigate women's experiences with Bumble’s safety features and their efforts to ensure their own safety while using dating platforms, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 23 women who are Bumble users in India. The preliminary findings indicate that using Bumble requires additional “safety work” from women, who rely on support from their peer network to manage their safety. The notion of safety by design has been misleading, as power dynamics shift back to men after women make the first move. This study is important to understand how profit-driven platforms with neo-liberal agendas put women in danger within their local cultural context on the pretext of empowering them.
TIKTOK’S AI HYPE - CREATORS’ ROLE IN SHAPING (PUBLIC) AI IMAGINARIES
Authors: Richter Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI), often hailed as a transformative force, has become an ambivalent buzzword, simultaneously promising utopian possibilities and fueling dystopian anxieties. Social media platforms have emerged as pivotal spaces where the public narrative about AI takes shape, especially through content creators, significantly influencing our collective vision of the future with AI. Therefore, this paper inquires into the role of creators in shaping public imaginaries of AI through their AI content. The paper is based on TikTok as a site of entrance for investigating the role of creators in shaping ongoing discourses around AI through short video content. To understand the role of creators within this ongoing AI discourse, a hashtag network analysis is paired with a critical discourse analysis of creators’ AI content. The preliminary results show three dominant genres of AI content based on 1) AI tools output, especially visual content, 2) listicles on AI tools for different tasks, and 3) educational and critical AI content. Considering the creator types behind the content, a high amount of content is produced by content farms followed by tech TokTokers. Media outlets and commentary TikTokers dominate the third content section. Overall, four types of AI imaginaries are foregrounded. AI mystification envisions AI as fast-paced and inherently life-changing. Similarly, AI futuristic content makes AI out as inevitable. Contrastingly, a high AI pragmatism is prevalent in the ongoing tool discourse, while critical and educational content counteracts these imaginaries with a strong AI realism highlighting the complex and nuanced aspect of AI.
ALGORITHMIC GOSSIP IN YOUNG PEOPLE’S ACCOUNTS OF ‘UNHEALTHY’ ADVERTISING ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Robards Brady , Carah Nicholas , Hayden Lauren , Dobson Amy
Published: February 2025

The algorithmic and individualised nature of advertising on social media - and the intentionally opaque and unobservable design of advertising algorithms - makes them difficult to study. We turn to participatory methods, working with 204 young Australians as 'citizen scientists' to collect 5169 screenshots of 'unhealthy' advertising on social media. Through SMS chat over a one week period, we engaged our participants in 'algorithmic gossip' to theorise why certain ads appeared on their feeds, how the algorithms serving ads worked, and what they thought about them. Some believed ‘the algorithm’ accurately targeted ads based on their interests and behaviors, while others felt these algorithms 'missed the mark'. Participants theorised the impact of search histories, friendship networks, interests, time of day/week/year, location, age, gender, and more in how advertising algorithms worked. Our study revealed complexities in participants' perceptions of ad targeting and how algorithms function. We highlight the need for greater transparency and regulation regarding advertising on social media, especially concerning unhealthy industries. Participants expressed concerns about manipulative and intrusive advertising practices, emphasising the importance of platform responsibility and centering young people's expertise in discussions on advertising regulation.
UNFAIR PLAY: DIGITAL PLATFORM'S ABUSE OF POWER TO INFLUENCE BRAZILIAN POLICY AGENDA
Authors: Salles Débora , Mattos Bruno , Santini Rose Marie , Canavarro Marcela
Published: February 2025

This study examines the indirect lobbying strategies deployed by major digital platforms, to oppose Brazil’s "Fake News Bill", which sought to regulate internet intermediaries in the country. Drawing from primary data collected during the lobbying campaign in April-May 2023, the study analyzes platform ads, search engine recommendations, and direct user communications.

The findings reveal systematic violations of platform policies, including unlabelled political ads and exploitation of exclusive platform affordances unavailable to competitors. Digital platforms leveraged their market dominance and technological tools, aligning with far-right disinformation narratives while mobilizing public opposition under the guise of protecting user interests. These practices highlight the misuse of economic power and self-regulation to resist oversight, emphasizing the need for stricter accountability measures. Future research should investigate the broader influence of such campaigns on public opinion.
CONCEPTUALIZING PRECISION LABOR IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING
Authors: Zhang Ben Zefeng , Yang Tianling , Haimson Oliver , Thomas Michaelanne
Published: February 2025

Accuracy and precision are among the central values in the ML communities and tech industry. What does it take to achieve a high level of technical accuracy? What are the harms resulting from technology companies' obsession with technical accuracy and precision, and who incurs the greatest burdens? This paper explores accuracy in the context of AI training in China. Drawing on 9-month multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, we document workers’ everyday working practices and challenges and harms under the guise of achieving extreme levels of technical precision demanded by the clients and ML practitioners. We introduce the notion of precision labor, referring to the hidden work involved in erasing the messy, ambiguous, and uncertain aspects of technology production, all in the pursuit of presenting technology as objective, truthful, and high-quality. This notion provides a lens to understand the disproportionate impact of unnecessary and unrecognized labor on digital labor communities within AI production and the emerging harms on them, such as financial precarity and machine subordination. It joins existing work on the prevailing values in ML communities, questions the legitimacy and sustainability of the pursuit of performative accuracy, and calls for enhanced reflexivity and timely intervention.
The Evolving Landscape of Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Research & Precision Medicine: Emerging Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: B. Patel Jayendrakumar , D. Jethva Disha , K. Gajjar Kinjal , H. Mandalia Toral , Vora Hemangini
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) incorporates a broad spectrum of technologies and methodologies that utilized mathematical algorithms to replicate human cognitive functions, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving and decision making. The remarkable expansion of AI over the past decade highlights its potential advantages, particularly through the global adoption of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Explainable AI and Generative AI. This evolution highlights the transformative potential of AI across various sectors, particularly in healthcare, where it is poised to revolutionize patient care and medical research. This review focused on uncovering the impact of AI in cancer research and precision medicine, where AI technologies are being integrated with cancer biology to enhance the understanding of disease and improve treatment outcomes. The merging of AI with cancer research allows for the analysis of complex biological data, enabling researchers to identify patterns and correlations that may not be immediately apparent through traditional methods. For instance, AI algorithms can process genomic data, clinical records, and imaging studies to uncover insights into tumor behavior, treatment responses, and patient prognoses. Moreover, current review also emphasized on improving AI models, addressing clinical integration challenges and ensuring unbiased access for all cancer patients. These efforts could significantly enhance cancer diagnosis, treatment and outcomes, leading to a new era of precision oncology.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence, Cancer Research, Precision Medicine
A Comprehensive Case Report on the Integrative Ayurveda Approach for Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Dwivedi Kaushalendra , Dubey Anjali , Arya Jyoti , Chauhan Mayur , Upreti Jaya , Katiyar Prashant
Published: February 2025

Aplastic Anemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure syndrome caused by the immune system attacking early blood-forming cells. Despite progress in modern medicine, the exact cause and best treatment for AA remain unclear. This case study examines a 38-year-old male with severe Aplastic Anemia who experienced a relapse after initial immuno-suppressive therapy (IST). He was then managed with an integrative approach, incorporating Ayurvedic medicines, specific yogasanas (yogic postures), pranayamas (breathing exercises), and a personalized diet plan. The patient showed remarkable recovery, with stabilized hemoglobin levels, normalized biochemical parameters, and no signs of carcinoma or other complications. The holistic regimen supported his metabolic health, improved nutrient absorption, and enhanced blood cell production. This case suggests that combining Ayurvedic medicine with naturopathic therapies and yogic practices can offer a comprehensive, effective approach to managing Aplastic Anemia, leading to faster recovery and improved quality of life. This integrative therapy could provide a promising alternative for AA patients, especially those who relapse after conventional treatments. Further research is warranted to explore its broader application and efficacy.

Key words: Aplastic Anemia; Ayurvedic Medicine; Integrated-Pathy; Yoga Therapy; Hematopoeitic Recovery
Non-Surgical Healing of Large Endodontic Lesions Using a Novel Combination of Triple Antibiotics:
A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: A Krishnani Karishma , Shetty Shreema
Published: February 2025

Background: Infections of the root canal system are typically polymicrobial. Due to their complexity, no single antibiotic can effectively sterilize the canal. Microorganisms re-accessing the pulp chamber or radicular space can cause primary or secondary infections, leading to endodontic pathosis. To avoid complications associated with surgical treatment of large endodontic lesions, conservative non-surgical approaches are recommended.
Aim: This report aims to describe the healing of symptomatic large endodontic lesions through non-surgical management using a novel combination of triple antibiotics
Methods and Material: Two cases of symptomatic large endodontic lesions were treated non-surgically with a novel combination of triple antibiotics. The approach focused on the disinfection of the root canal system to eliminate active intracanal microorganisms.
Statistical Analysis: Follow-up radiographs were utilized to qualitatively assess the progressive healing of the endodontic lesions.
Results: Follow-up radiographs of both cases showed progressive healing of the endodontic lesions. These findings suggest that surgical treatment is not always necessary for managing symptomatic large endodontic lesions.
Conclusions: Even cyst-like periapical lesions can heal following conservative endodontic therapy with a novel combination of triple antibiotics, effectively eliminating active intracanal microorganisms through root canal system disinfection.

Key words: Polymicrobial infection, Triple antibiotics, Non-surgical management, Endodontic lesions, Disinfection
Comparative Effect of Manual Perturbation Exercises Versus Circuit Class Training Exercises on Improving Balance in Subjects with Subacute Stroke
Authors: B Kadabi Nandini , K Vinod Babu , Vachhani Hemangi Jayantilal , Rajpurohit Virendra Singh
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: Perturbation-based balance training (PBT/Manual Perturbation Exercises) is a novel balance training intervention that incorporates exposure to repeated postural perturbations to evoke rapid balance reactions, enabling individual to improve control of these reactions with practice and Circuit class trainings (CCT) consist of different work stations and these workstations provide the opportunity for maximum repetition of task. Hence, purpose of study is to find effectiveness of PBT versus CCT, along with Conventional therapy (CT) on improving balance in subjects with subacute stroke.
Method: An experimental study was conducted on Thirty participants with two groups: “Group A” (PBT) & “Group B” (CCT), subjects with subacute stroke were randomly allocated i. e,15 in each group. Impairment in balance function was assessed using Berg Balance scale (BBS). Fall risk was measured by Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Balance and
Mobility status was evaluated B for all subjects of before starting the intervention & after 4 weeks of intervention.
Results: Analysis found that there was significant effect of CCT Exercises with CT on improvement of balance in subjects with subacute stroke. When post intervention means of BBS and TUG balance and mobility were compared between Group A & B, results demonstrated that there is statistically significant difference in means between the groups
Conclusion: The present study concluded that four weeks of CCT exercises with CT showed significant effects on improvement of balance and mobility in subjects with subacute stroke. However, the greater percentage of improvement was found in CCT when compared with PBT.

Key words: Manual perturbation exercises, circuit class training exercises, balance, subacute stroke, berg balance scale, timed up and go test
Anatomical Insights into the Heart: Unveiling the Structure and Significance of Hridaya in Ayurveda
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Sharma Shyoram , Gehlot Amit
Published: February 2025

According to Ayurveda, the heart, or Hridaya, is one of the body's essential organs. Any harm to the Hridaya causes serious illnesses, serious complications, or even death because it is one of the Trimarams and is considered Dasha pranaayatana. According to a careful investigation, two organs have about equal claims to be referred to as Hridaya, which designates an organ that regulates Prana passage by gathering and distributing in a rhythm. The idea that Hridaya is the brain is at one extreme of the spectrum, while the idea that Hridaya is the heart is at the other. Hridaya Marma is 4 Anguli in size, located close to the stomach's cardiac opening, between two breasts. It resembles an inverted lotus and is made up of the physiological entities Tama, Raja, and Satwa. It is a hollow, muscular pumping organ that resembles Adhomukha Kamala and is composed of Mamsapeshi (hritapeshi). Jivashaya is another name for Hrudaya, according to Acharya Bhavaprakash. It indicates that life resides there. Ashaya signifies Avastana Pradesh; it denotes Hrudaya's atrium and ventricles, which are cavities in it. Acharya Vagbhata claims that Hrudaya's Samrutasamrutadwaram signifies the heart's valves. Acharya Charaka claims that it has eleven MoolaSiras. Vyana Vaayu, Sadakapitta, Avalambaka Kapha, ParaOjus, Chetana, and Manas are all housed at Hrudaya. Hrudaya is one of the Kostanga, according to Acharya Charaka and Acharya Sushruta. Charaka claims that For PranavahaSrotus and Rasavahasrotas, Hrudaya is the MoolaSthana. Since it serves as Chetana's seat, life continues there. With Vyanavayu's assistance, RasaraktaDhatu is ejected and received. According to Manas and Sadakapitta, it governs human brain activity and intellectual capacity.

Key words: Ayurveda, Hridaya, Trimarma, Anatomy, Prana
Van Fotocommissie tot Rijksmuseum-Stichting (1920-1998)
Authors: Korthals Altes Everhard , Filedt Kok Jan Piet
Published: February 2025

Bij het artikel van E. Korthals Altes en J.P. Filedt Kok, Van Fotocommissie tot Rijksmuseum-Stichting (1920-1998), in het vorige nummer is een hinderlijke fout opgetreden bij de verwijzing naar de noten. De noten 22 tot en met 76 in de tekst verwijzen naar de noten 23 tot en met 76; vanaf de tweede noot 76 in de tekst zijn de verwijzingen weer correct.
Gerbrand Ban. Een aanvulling
Authors: Ekkart R. E. O.
Published: February 2025

This article is an addition to R.E.O. Ekkart's article in Bulletin van het Rijksmuseum 39 (1991), no. 4, pp. 426-34: Gerbrand Ban.
‘De Kroning van Maria’ door Palma Giovane
Authors: Frerichs L. C. J.
Published: February 2025

Door een misverstand is in de bespreking van de penseeltekening van Palma Giovane in het Bulletin van het Rijksmuseum, jaargang 25, nr. 2 een onjuiste mededeling geslopen. Het artikel vermeldt ten onrechte dat de tekening een geschenk zou zijn van de Vereniging Rembrandt en het Prins Bernhard Fonds. De Vereniging Rembrandt alléén heeft de middelen verschaft welke het Rijksprentenkabinet in staat stelde de tekening te verwerven.
Michiel van Musscher’s vroegste werk naar aanleiding van zijn portret van het echtpaar Comans
Authors: Van Thiel P. J. J.
Published: February 2025

Bulletin XVII (1969), blz. 29, afb. 21 en blz. 31, afb. 23: lees Universiteitsbibliotheek, Amsterdam i.p.v. Bibliotheek Rijksmuseum.