bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Photostable Expansion Microscopy Using QDots and Deconvolution
Authors: Gunawardhana Loku , Moree Wilna , Guo Jiaming , Artur Camille , Womack Tasha , Eriksen Jason L. , Mayerich David
Published: November 2024

Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables sub-diffraction imaging by physically expanding labeled tissue samples. This increases the tissue volume relative to the instrument point spread function (PSF), thereby improving the effective resolution by reported factors of 4 - 20X [1, 2]. However, this volume increase dilutes the fluorescence signal, reducing both signal-to noise ratio (SNR) and acquisition speed. This paper proposes and validates a method for mitigating these challenges. We overcame the limitations of ExM by developing a fast photo-stable protocol to enable scalable widefield three-dimensional imaging with ExM. We combined widefield imaging with quantum dots (QDots). Widefield imaging provides a significantly faster acquisition of a single field-of-view (FOV). However, the uncontrolled incoherent illumination induces photobleaching. We mitigated this challenge using QDots, which exhibit a long fluorescence lifetime and improved photostability. First, we developed a protocol for QDot labeling. Next, we utilized widefield imaging to obtain 3D image stacks and applied deconvolution, which is feasible due to reduced scattering in ExM samples. We show that tissue clearing, which is a side-effect of ExM, enables widefield deconvolution, dramatically reducing the acquisition time for three-dimensional images compared to laser scanning microscopy. The proposed QDot labeling protocol is compatible with ExM and provides enhanced photostability compared to traditional fluorescent dyes. Widefield imaging significantly improves SNR and acquisition speed compared to conventional confocal microscopy. Combining widefield imaging with QDot labeling and deconvolution has the potential to be applied to ExM for faster imaging of large three-dimensional samples with improved SNR.
Distinct decision processes for 3D and motion stimuli in both humans and monkeys revealed by computational modelling
Authors: Rangotis Revan , Nowakowska Sabina , Dayan Peter , Parker Andrew J. , Kakaei Ehsan , Akande Abibat , Krug Kristine
Published: November 2024

Decision-making models distil principles of information processing that underlie a range of cognitive functions. For the cases of motion detection in random-dot kinematograms and decisions about the rotation of 3D structure-from-motion cylinders, contributing neural processes have been localized to specific circuits in extrastriate area V5/MT on the basis of both causal and correlative evidence, suggesting a common decision path. Here, we arranged for humans and rhesus monkeys to make perceptual choices about these two stimulus types, indicating their decision with either hand or eye movements. In both species, the parameter distributions of a hierarchical Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) revealed systematic differences for stimulus type but not the different modes of response. States in a hidden Markov model also indicated distinct decision strategies, again for the two stimulus types but not for response mode. Although physiological evidence points to area V5/MT as a vehicle for relevant perceptual signals for both stimulus types, computational modelling of the present results reveal distinct decision processes, therefore predicting that different neural processes underlie judgements about motion and 3D-depth, consistently for humans and monkeys.
Embryonically generated interneurons (EGINs) exhibit a distinctive developmental program and lamination in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Spence Natalie , Martin-Lopez Eduardo , Han Kimberly , Lefèvre Marion , Lange Nathaniel W. , Brennan Bowen , Greer Charles A.
Published: November 2024

Interneurons (INs) in the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) develop during an extensive period of time that begins in the embryo and continues throughout the lifetime of an individual. The connectivity and location of these neurons is profoundly affected by the time of generation, making these developmental windows critical to understand the circuitry of the OB. Here, we focus on the OB embryonic generated interneurons (or EGINs), which have generally received less attention than those generated in the adult. Birthdates of EGINs were differentiated by embryonic injections of thymidine analogs and their final destinations and phenotypes analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We found that EGINs were retained in the adult and were distributed across all layers of the OB. However, a lateral-to-medial neurogenic gradient is seen only in the earliest generated EGINs. Within the granule cell layer (GCL), EGINs predominantly accumulated in the superficial region at almost all ages and remained there during adulthood. Immunostaining for calbindin, parvalbumin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and calretinin were largely negative suggesting that EGINs may represent subpopulations of OB INs that are not yet fully characterized. Using in utero electroporation to label EGIN progenitors, we demonstrated that they reach the primordial OB as early as E13 and begin to differentiate apical dendrites by E15. At E16, EGIN progenitors clustered into a chain of migrating neuroblasts denoting the embryonic rostral migratory stream (RMS). Collectively, our data highlight the importance of studying OB INs in isolated time windows to better understand the formation of circuits that define the olfactory responses.
Folate prevents the autism-related phenotype caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure in prairie voles
Authors: Saferin Nilanjana , Haseeb Ibrahim , Taha Adam M. , Beecroft Sarah E. , Pillai Sangeetha , Neifer Asha E. , Lakkuru Rudhasri , Kistler Brian P. , Nawor Charlotte N. , Malik Isa , Hasan Dena , Carlson Jonathan A. , Zade Kareem K. , Dressel Sydnee P. , Carney Eileen M. , Shah Radha , Gautam Shudhant , Vergis John , Neifer Kari L. , Johnson Zachary V. , Gustison Morgan L. , Hall F. Scott , Burkett James P.
Published: November 2024

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have dramatically increased in prevalence to an alarming one in six children, and yet both causes and preventions remain elusive. Recent human epidemiology and animal studies have implicated developmental exposure to pyrethroid pesticides, one of the most common classes of pesticides in the US, as an environmental risk factor for autism and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our previous research has shown that low-dose chronic developmental pyrethroid exposure (DPE) changes folate metabolites in the adult mouse brain. We hypothesize that DPE acts directly on molecular targets in the folate metabolism pathway, and that high-dose maternal folate supplementation can prevent or reduce the biobehavioral effects of DPE. We exposed pregnant prairie vole dams chronically to vehicle or low-dose deltamethrin (3 mg/kg/3 days) with or without high-dose folate supplementation (methylfolate, 5 mg/kg/3 days). The resulting DPE offspring showed broad deficits in five behavioral domains relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders (including the social domain); increased plasma folate concentrations; and increased neural expression of SHMT1, a folate cycle enzyme. Maternal folate supplementation prevented most of the behavioral phenotypes (except for repetitive behaviors) and caused potentially compensatory changes in neural expression of FOLR1 and MTHFR, two folate-related proteins. We conclude that DPE causes neurodevelopmental disorder-relevant behavioral deficits; DPE directly alters aspects of folate metabolism; and preventative interventions targeting folate metabolism are effective in reducing, but not eliminating, the behavioral effects of DPE.
Regionally specific picture naming benefits of focal tDCS are dependent on baseline performance in older adults
Authors: Yucel A. , Meinzer M. , Martin A. K.
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Word-finding difficulty is a common challenge in older age and is linked to various neuropathological conditions associated with ageing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise as a cognitive enhancement tool for both healthy aging and age- related cognitive disorders. However, its effectiveness in enhancing word-finding ability remains inconsistent, especially among healthy adults. This variability is likely due to factors such as task selection, stimulation parameters, and small sample sizes. Additionally, many studies have overlooked the role of baseline performance in evaluating tDCS efficacy. In this preregistered study, we examined 72 older and 72 younger adults using a double-blind, sham-controlled design, delivering anodal focal tDCS to either the left inferior frontal gyrus or the left temporoparietal junction. Baseline naming performance and fluid intelligence were measured before stimulation. Anodal stimulation of the left inferior frontal gyrus significantly increased response speed for object and action naming in older adults, but crucially only in older adults who performed poorly during the baseline naming session. Findings demonstrate regionally specific effects of focal tDCS in healthy older individuals in greater need for naming facilitation. Notably, performance on a broad measure of fluid intelligence was unrelated to stimulation response, suggesting task specificity of this effect.
QCD phase transition with nonextensive NJL model in the strong magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jia , Wen Xin-Jian
Published: November 2024

In this work we make use of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model to investigate thermodynamic properties of magnetized three-flavor quark matter. The nonequilibrium Tsallis distribution is characterized by a dimensionless nonextensive parameter q. We find that the system always undergoes a crossover transition for all given q values and the pseudocritical temperature decreases with the increasing nonextensive parameter. We show the variation of the pressure and its anisotropy in parallel and perpendicular directions. However, the diamagnetic nature appears within a certain temperature range at zero chemical potential. Moreover, strong magnetic fields can affect the property of a nonextensive system by changing the magnetization significantly. At high temperatures, the paramagnetic nature always occurs no matter how strong the magnetic field is. Finally, we study the effects of nonextensive parameter q on the trace anomaly and the speed of sound of the system.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Revisiting
O(N)

σ
model at unphysical pion masses and high temperatures. II. The vacuum structure and thermal
σ
pole trajectory with cross-channel improvements
Authors: Lyu Yuan-Lin , Li Qu-Zhi , Xiao Zhiguang , Zheng Han-Qing
Published: November 2024

The effective potential of the O(N) model at large N limit is reinvestigated with varying pion mass and temperature. For large pion masses and high temperatures, we find the phenomenologically favored vacuum, located on the upper branch of the double-branched effective potential for physical mπ, moves to the lower branch and becomes no longer a local minimum but a saddle point. The existence and running of the tachyon pole are also discussed. These phenomena indicate that the applicable energy range of the O(N) model is more and more limited as mπ becomes larger and the temperature goes higher. With the effective coupling constant defined from the effective potential, the possible correspondence between the two branches of the effective potential and the two phases of the theory (distinguished by positive or negative coupling) is verified even with nonzero explicit symmetry breaking and at finite temperature. Also, we generalize the N/D modified O(N) model to study the thermal trajectory of the σ pole with the cross-channel contributions considered and find the thermal σ pole trajectory resembles its counterpart with varying pion masses at zero temperature.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Lμ−Lτ
solution to the IceCube ultrahigh-energy neutrino deficit in light of NA64
Authors: de la Vega Leon M. G. , Peinado Eduardo , Wudka José
Published: November 2024

In this work we analyze the scenario where a MeV scale Lμ−Lτ gauge boson can explain the deficit in the diffuse ultrahigh-energy (UHE) astrophysical neutrino spectrum observed in IceCube, as well as the discrepancy between experimental and e+e− scattering data-driven Standard Model calculations of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. We map the parameter space of the model where the elastic resonant s-channel scattering of UHE neutrinos with the cosmic neutrino background, mediated by the new Z′, can improve the description of the observed cascade and track spectra over the no-scattering hypothesis. Comparing to recent NA64-μ results, we find that some part of the parameter space remains unexplored, but at a data volume of 1011 muons on target NA64-μ will completely probe this region.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Stabilizer code model with noninvertible symmetries: Strange fractons, confinement, and noncommutative and non-Abelian fusion rules
Authors: Kibe Tanay , Mukhopadhyay Ayan , Padmanabhan Pramod
Published: November 2024

We introduce a stabilizer code model with a qutrit at every edge on a square lattice and with noninvertible plaquette operators. The degeneracy of the ground state is topological as in the toric code, and it also has the usual deconfined excitations consisting of pairs of electric and magnetic charges. However, there are novel types of confined fractonic excitations composed of a cluster of adjacent faces with vanishing flux. They manifest confinement, and even larger configurations of these fractons are fully immobile although they acquire emergent internal degrees of freedom. Deconfined excitations change their nature in presence of these fractonic defects. As for instance, fractonic defects can absorb magnetic charges making magnetic monopoles exist while electric charges acquire restricted mobility. Furthermore, some generalized symmetries can annihilate any ground state and also the full sector of fully mobile excitations. All these properties can be captured via a novel type of and fusion category in which the product is associative but does not commute, and can be expressed as a sum of (operator) equivalence classes. Generalized noninvertible symmetries give rise to the feature that the fusion products form a nonunital category without a proper identity. We show that a variant of this model features a deconfined fracton liquid phase and a phase where the dual (magnetic) strings have condensed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
There and Back Again: Mapping and Factorizing Cosmological Observables
Authors: Stefanyszyn David , Tong Xi , Zhu Yuhang
Published: November 2024

Cosmological correlators encode invaluable information about the wave function of the primordial Universe. In this Letter we present a duality between correlators and wave function coefficients that is valid to all orders in the loop expansion and manifests itself as a Z4 symmetry. To demonstrate the power of the duality, we derive a correlator-to-correlator factorization formula for the parity-odd part of cosmological correlators that relates n-point observables to lower-point ones via a series of diagrammatic cuts. These relations serve as the first example of physically testable cutting rules as they involve observables defined for arbitrary physical kinematics. We further show how the duality allows us to translate the cosmological optical theorem for wave function coefficients into statements about cosmological correlators.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Strong-field magnetohydrodynamics for neutron stars
Authors: Vardhan Shreya , Grozdanov Sašo , Leutheusser Samuel , Liu Hong
Published: November 2024

We present a formulation of magnetohydrodynamics which can be used to describe the evolution of strong magnetic fields in neutron star interiors. Our approach is based on viewing magnetohydrodynamics as a theory with a one-form global symmetry and developing an effective field theory for the hydrodynamic modes associated with this symmetry. In the regime where the local velocity and temperature variations can be neglected, we derive the most general constitutive relation consistent with symmetry constraints for the electric field in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This constitutive relation not only reproduces the phenomena of Ohmic decay, ambipolar diffusion, and Hall drift derived in a phenomenological model by Goldreich and Reisenegger, but also reveals terms in the evolution of the magnetic field which cannot easily be seen from such microscopic models. This formulation gives predictions for diffusion behaviors of small perturbations around a constant background magnetic field, and for the two-point correlation functions among various components of the electric and magnetic fields.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Specific radiation damage to halogenated inhibitors and ligands in protein–ligand crystal structures
Authors: Rodrigues Matthew J. , Cabry Marc , Collie Gavin , Carter Michael , McAndrew Craig , Owen Robin L. , Bellenie Benjamin R. , Le Bihan Yann-Vaï , van Montfort Rob L. M.
Published: November 2024

Protein–inhibitor crystal structures aid medicinal chemists in efficiently improving the potency and selectivity of small-molecule inhibitors. It is estimated that a quarter of lead molecules in drug discovery projects are halogenated. Protein–inhibitor crystal structures have shed light on the role of halogen atoms in ligand binding. They form halogen bonds with protein atoms and improve shape complementarity of inhibitors with protein binding sites. However, specific radiation damage (SRD) can cause cleavage of carbon–halogen (C–X) bonds during X-ray diffraction data collection. This study shows significant C–X bond cleavage in protein–ligand structures of the therapeutic cancer targets B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) complexed with halogenated ligands, which is dependent on the type of halogen and chemical structure of the ligand. The study found that metrics used to evaluate the fit of the ligand to the electron density deteriorated with increasing X-ray dose, and that SRD eliminated the anomalous signal from brominated ligands. A point of diminishing returns is identified, where collecting highly redundant data reduces the anomalous signal that may be used to identify binding sites of low-affinity ligands or for experimental phasing. Straightforward steps are proposed to mitigate the effects of C–X bond cleavage on structures of proteins bound to halogenated ligands and to improve the success of anomalous scattering experiments.
On symmetries of higher-order elastic constants
Authors: Clayton J. D.
Published: November 2024

In elastic crystals, a hyperelastic description is conventionally assumed, and the strain energy potential is idealized as a Taylor-series expansion in strain about an unstrained reference state. Coefficients of quadratic terms are second-order or linear elastic constants. Coefficients of higher-order terms are elastic constants of third order, fourth order, and so on. Recently published work by Telyatnik [Acta Cryst. (2024), A80, 394–404] extends prior knowledge of symmetry properties for anisotropic elastic constants of single crystals, as well as transversely isotropic and isotropic solids, to terms up to sixth order. Effective elastic constants for polycrystalline aggregates, with possible anisotropy, were reported by Telyatnik, in the same article, to the same order. A terse summary of nonlinear crystal elasticity and independent elastic constants of orders two and three are given in this commentary for context. Methods and results of Telyatnik, anticipated to be of great utility to crystal elasticity research, are then highlighted.
Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate at 90 K
Authors: Vinaya  , Yakuth Syida A. , Mohan Kumar Thaluru M. , Bhaskar Besagarahally L. , Divakara Thayamma R. , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Basavaraju Yeriyur B. , Parkin Sean
Published: November 2024

This study presents the synthesis, crystal structure, and a Hirshfeld-surface analysis of the bioactive compound 5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate(C10H9N3O5S), a pyrazole derivative with pharmacological potential. Pyrazoles are known for diverse bioactivities, and recent research emphasizes their role as a ‘privileged structure’ in drug design. Here, the asymmetric unit of the title compound contains two distinct molecules, A and B, exhibiting differences in conformation resulting from variation in key torsion angles. These distinctions influence the molecular orientation and intermolecular interactions, with strong N—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds forming a centrosymmetric tetramer stabilized by π–π stacking. Hirshfeld surface analysis readily confirms differing intermolecular contacts for A and B, primarily involving hydrogen atoms and differences in their close contacts to nitrogen and oxygen. This study offers further insight into the molecular architecture and potential interactions of pyrazole-based drug candidates.
Improving macromolecular structure refinement with metal-coordination restraints
Authors: Babai Kaveh H. , Long Fei , Malý Martin , Yamashita Keitaro , Murshudov Garib N.
Published: November 2024

Metals are essential components for the structure and function of many proteins. However, accurate modelling of their coordination environments remains a challenge due to the complexity and diversity of metal-coordination geometries. To address this, a method is presented for extracting and analysing coordination information, including bond lengths and angles, from the Crystallography Open Database. By using these data, comprehensive descriptions of metal-containing components are generated. A stereochemical information generator for a particular component within a specific macromolecule leverages an example PDB/mmCIF file containing the component to account for the actual surrounding environment. A matching process has been developed and implemented to align the derived metal structures with idealized coordinates from a coordination geometry library. Additionally, various strategies, depending on the quality of the matches, were employed to compile distance and angle statistics for the refinement of macromolecular structures. The developed methods were implemented in a new program, MetalCoord, that classifies and utilizes the metal-coordination geometry. The effectiveness of the developed algorithms was tested using metal-containing components from the PDB. As a result, metal-containing components from the CCP4 monomer library have been updated. The updated monomer dictionaries, in concert with the derived restraints, can be used in most structural biology computations, including macromolecular crystallography, single-particle cryo-EM and even molecular mechanics.
Achieving inclusive urbanization through county-led industrial specialization: from the perspective of rural labor supply
Authors: Hu Chaoran , Zhou Yi , Chen Maolong
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The role of intermediate urban centers (IUCs) (like towns/small cities/rural counties) between large cities and villages in leading urbanization has been increasingly highlighted. This article conceptually and empirically examines what types of industrial agglomeration (specialized or diversified agglomeration) of rural county in China would provide a more inclusive and efficient local labor market for rural workers to be inclusively urbanized.

Design/methodology/approach

We employ a three-stage labor supply model to theoretically generalize the decisions of rural workers to migrate to large city, to undertake nonfarm jobs in rural counties and the length of nonfarm jobs. Then, combining three national-level datasets of China (National Economic Census (NEC), China Household Income Project (CHIP) and the China county statistical yearbook), we explore how the type of industrial agglomeration in a rural county affects the labor supply decision of rural workers.

Findings

We show that rural workers in rural counties with higher level of industrial specialization are more likely to: (1) work locally than migrating to large cities; (2) find nonfarm jobs by themselves instead of relying on social networks (3) find a more stable and formal nonfarm job. These effects are significant when rural counties specialize in industries that they have local comparative advantages compared to large cities. This work provides insights into achieving inclusive urbanization by developing industry specialization in rural counties in China, which may also be useful for other developing countries.

Originality/value

First, the conceptual framework of this paper extends the basic model of rural-urban migration longstanding in the literature, to a multi-choice and three-stage labor supply model. Second, we empirically quantify the industrial structure of rural counties using unique dataset, which has been emphasized in the development economics literature but neglected due to data limitations. Third, this paper expands our understanding of the role of rural counties in inclusive urbanization and contributes to the future development of the county-led urbanization policies.
Blockchain-driven digital transformation in the housing industry
Authors: Saari Anniina , Junnila Seppo , Vimpari Jussi
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The real estate industry is often highlighted as a significant beneficiary of blockchain-driven digital transformation (DT). This paper unravels blockchain’s role in driving rapid DT in the Finnish housing sector and its removal after market entry.

Design/methodology/approach

This four-year longitudinal study used 35 semi-structured interviews.

Findings

Blockchain was crucial in the early industry-wide DT, fostering innovation through shared value creation, delivery and capture while supporting collaboration and enhancing processes. The findings largely support blockchain’s theoretical benefits in reducing intermediaries, automating processes, minimizing errors, enhancing transparency and addressing data silos in real estate transactions. However, limitations – like the need for specialised expertise, scalability issues and centralisation tendencies emerged – ultimately outweighed the benefits, leading to blockchain abandonment. Regulatory commitment, contrary to expectations about regulatory barriers, regulatory commitment substantially boosted industry activities. While blockchain can spark transformation, maintaining momentum amid evolving market and regulatory developments may require more than blockchain alone can offer.

Practical implications

Blockchain can drive early-stage DT even in traditional industries like real estate, addressing issues like intermediary reliance, manual processes, inefficiencies and errors. However, it does not guarantee long-term decentralisation as initially promised and depends on off-chain governance.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study on blockchain in real estate examining the drivers of a full-scale DT. It is also amongst the first to explore blockchain’s evolving role in successful industry-wide transformation based on a rare four-year study, extending insights into blockchain’s initial impact and subsequent limitations beyond the firm level.
Proactive decision-making: does it matter for academic motivation and future career calling?
Authors: Frolova Yuliya , Mahmood Monowar
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study explores the role of proactive decision-making in enhancing academic motivation and career calling among university students in Central Asia. It aims to investigate how proactive traits and cognitive skills influence career calling and academic persistence while examining the moderating effects of demographic factors.

Design/methodology/approach

A convenience sample of 380 undergraduate business students from Kazakhstan was surveyed using validated scales for proactive decision-making, career calling and academic motivation. Data analysis involved correlation, regression and mediation tests using SPSS to evaluate relationships between variables and test the mediating role of career calling in the proactive decision-making-academic motivation link.

Findings

Proactive decision-making was found to significantly enhance career calling and academic motivation, with career calling partially mediating the relationship between proactive decision-making and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation. In addition, demographic variables, such as gender and GPA, moderated the effects of proactive decision-making on academic motivation.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the understanding of proactive decision-making in the educational context, particularly within international business education, by highlighting its role in shaping career aspirations and academic engagement. It provides new insights into the interplay between personality, decision-making and academic motivation in a Central Asian setting.
Teacher–Child Interaction Training—Group Coaching (TCIT-GC): removing barriers to advancing classroom behavioral health
Authors: Shinn Marta M. , Timmer Susan G. , Torres Elsa L. , Weir Amy E.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The Teacher–Child Interaction Training program (TCIT) is an evidence-based intervention that coaches effective strategies for managing disruptive classroom behavior (Garbacz et al., 2014). However, its widespread implementation is limited due to its costly and time-consuming model of delivery. This pilot study investigated whether the Teacher–Child Interaction Training- Group Coaching (TCIT-GC), a briefer, cost-effective adaptation of TCIT, would be effective in improving classroom climate, student behavior and professional quality of life among educators.

Design/methodology/approach

TCIT-GC is a remote, manualized, 8-week adaptation of TCIT. Participants included 41 educators representing both public and private K-12 schools from 11 public school districts. TCIT-GC comprised eight synchronous group sessions via Zoom, four Didactic sessions and four Consultation/Coaching sessions for trainer feedback, paired with asynchronous skill practice. This contrasted with the fully synchronous, one-on-one, in vivo coaching format of traditional TCIT. Participants practiced applying skills with students between Zoom sessions and documented the effectiveness of their acquired skills across various measures.

Findings

Results of pre- and post-training comparisons showed significant improvements in reported classroom functioning, positive student behaviors, perceived effectiveness of TCIT-GC skills and significant reductions in problematic student behaviors and discipline use. Findings showed significant improvement in compassion satisfaction. No significant changes in levels of other ProQOL scales were observed.

Originality/value

Disruptive student behavior takes a toll on the educational experience of misbehaving students, their classmates and educators. Results of this pilot study supported TCIT-GC as a feasible and promising behavioral health model that warrants further study.
The impact of neoliberalist government reform and regulatory oversight on private training providers in the UK technical education sector
Authors: Smith Nick , Rowe Lisa
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Adopting the lens of ambidexterity, this paper examines decision-making within private technical education providers as they attempt to meet workforce and UK government training demands against a backdrop of unprecedented pace of global change in technology.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative data, drawn from semi-structured interviews of participants within a private training provider, was analysed thematically to investigate common patterns, clarify understanding and identify development areas to inform government bodies and private provider apprenticeship delivery practices.

Findings

The findings reveal the extent to which neoliberalism is potentially undermining technical education reform and increasing regulation whilst decreasing trust and reducing authentic partnerships between key stakeholders, together negatively impacting ambidextrous decision-making.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited by the use of a monolingual, monocultural sample; therefore, a broader cross-section of respondents from a wider range, size and geographical location of training providers may result in a deeper understanding of the varying tensions and challenges associated with technical education reform.

Practical implications

This work seeks to inform policymakers of the wider consequences of neoliberalism and provide recommendations for government bodies and technical training providers to work collaboratively in seeking solutions to the barriers in delivering vocational training fit for a future-proof workforce.

Originality/value

This paper builds on a limited body of research examining the dual impact of once in a lifetime technological challenges and the consequence of neoliberalism upon ambidextrous decision-making within private providers of post-16 technical education.
CONVENIENCE STORES AS CARE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR OLDER ADULTS: The Crisis of Care in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Ujikawa Tomohiro
Published: November 2024

Convenience stores are essential facilities for older people living in cities, but there is a lack of discussion about the relation thereof to care for older people. An emerging phenomenon in Japan, one of the countries with the most rapidly aging population, is that convenience stores are also becoming a form of care infrastructure. In this article, I focus on this phenomenon in a time of care crisis by examining convenience stores in Tokyo, Japan, through the framework of care infrastructure. I combine descriptive statistics, government and corporate reports with interviews with 15 older adults in Tokyo to assess the potential and challenges of convenience stores as entities that contribute to their care. The findings of my study indicate that convenience stores may contribute to the care of older people because of their proximity, multifunctionality, sociality and sheltering nature, while challenges relate to affordability, equity and fairness. In the conclusion, I offer some suggestions regarding opportunities for and challenges to expanding care in aging cities by rethinking the potential of convenience stores as social and physical infrastructure.
Polarization in police union politics
Authors: Gaudette Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Although most local elections are officially nonpartisan, a debate exists regarding how much ideology matters in local politics. I test the effects of national polarization toward policing at the local level using a conjoint survey experiment and novel observational data. I find that police union endorsements send clear ideological signals about mayoral candidates to voters and voters respond accordingly: liberal (conservative) respondents are significantly less (more) likely to vote for police union‐endorsed candidates. I create a new dataset of police union endorsements in every mayoral election in American cities with populations above 180,000 between 2011 and 2022. I find police union endorsements have significant negative effects on incumbent vote share in liberal cities at the same time as polarization occurs nationally. This evidence suggests that when national politics polarize on a local issue, ideology becomes an important component in local politics and that police union endorsements now inform about local candidate ideology.
Does distance to hospital and interhospital transfer negatively impact time to definitive fixation and outcomes in patients with fractured neck of femur in a rural setting?
Authors: Murphy Geoffrey T. , Tong Felice , Rozenbroek Paul , Mostofi Zadeh Haghighi David , Sefton Andrew
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate in patients over 65 with neck of femur (NOF) fractures in Rural Australia, does initial presentation to a peripheral hospital result in a delay to surgery?

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Dubba Base Hospital, Trauma Hospital Rural Australia (Modified Monash Model (MMM) 3) and catchment area (MMM 3–7), NSW, Australia.

Participants

The study includes 350 patients over 65, presenting with closed, unilateral NOF fractures who underwent operative management at the operating centre, 203 from peripheral hospitals.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcomes include time to surgery and adherence to recommended timeframes for NOF fixation. Secondary outcomes encompass complications, hospital length of stay and a subgroup analysis to identify causes of surgery delay.

Results

Patients transferred from peripheral hospitals experienced a statistically significant delay in time from presentation to surgery compared to those presenting directly to the operating centre (42 h vs. 24 h, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be outside of current guidelines for NOF fixation within 36 h of presentation (OR 5.1, p < 0.001). There were no differences in mortality at 1 year between the two groups (15% vs. 18%, p = 0.5). On subgroup analysis, distance from the operating centre, time to x‐ray and after‐hours presentation were associated with increased likelihood of surgery outside of 36 h in the peripheral hospital group.

Conclusion

This study underscores an inequity in service delivery for rural patients with NOF fractures, particularly those requiring transfer. Pre‐arrival delays necessitate targeted interventions to address diagnostic service delays, logistical challenges and transport issues in rural health care.
South–South Theoretical Dialogues: The Tanzanian Experience (1974–76) in Milton Santos’ Spatial Theory
Authors: de Jesus Neto Antonio Gomes
Published: November 2024

The Brazilian geographer Milton Santos is known for his sophisticated theorisation of geographical space. Less well known, however, is the role that Milton Santos’ experience at the University of Dar‐es‐Salaam (from 1974 to 1976) played in his work. Structured by Julius Nyerere as the core for the development of an independent and socialist Tanzania, the Dar‐es‐Salaam School hosted several Marxist intellectuals such as Walter Rodney, Issa Shivji, and David Slater, as well as Milton Santos. This paper seeks to unpack Santos’ Tanzanian experience through literature review and research in his archives at the Institute of Brazilian Studies, University of São Paulo (Brazil). The idea is also to discuss the extent to which the discussions of the Dar‐es‐Salaam School influenced his conceptual framework, including one of his later definitions of geographical space.
Genocopy of EVI1‐AML with paraneoplastic diabetes insipidus: PRDM16 overexpression by t(1;2)(p36;p21) and enhancer hijacking
Authors: List Julian , Sollier Etienne , Brown‐Burke Fiona , Kelly Katherine , Pfeifer Dietmar , Shlyakhto Valeria , Maas‐Bauer Kristina , Pantic Milena , Plass Christoph , Lübbert Michael
Published: November 2024

Diabetes insipidus (DI) in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and chromosome 3q alterations (EVI1/PRDM3/MECOM overexpression) constitutes a poorly understood paraneoplasia. A 44‐year‐old patient presented with clinical and morphological features of this syndrome but, surprisingly, disclosed the rare translocation t(1;2)(p36;p21), with massive PRDM16 overexpression. WGS and RNA sequencing suggest enhancer hijacking of the ZFP36L2 enhancer region as underlying mechanism. Methylome alterations were similar to those in EVI1/PRDM3/MECOM AML, indicating converging pathways. The patient was successfully allografted, she is in complete remission 14 months later. We conclude that t(1;2)(p36;p21), with massive PRDM16 overexpression, can result in a faithful genocopy of EVI1/PRDM3/MECOM AML, including DI.
Regional specialization: From the geography of industries to the geography of jobs
Authors: Gervais Antoine , Markusen James R. , Venables Anthony J.
Published: November 2024

Our analysis begins with an empirical investigation of how employment concentration in industries and occupations across regions of the United States has changed over time and how regional specialization has changed. Results show that industry concentration and specialization indices have fallen, while occupation concentration and specialization indices have risen. Using this background as motivation, we develop a model in which the comparative advantage of regions lies in their productivity of supplying functions such as law, finance, advertising and engineering, to multiple sectors. Productivity differences specific to region functions shape the location decisions of industries that use multiple functions and hence determine patterns of regional specialization both in functions and in sectors. A key parameter is the cost of sourcing functions from a different region (fragmentation costs), and we show that a fall in this cost mimics the data: sector concentration and regional specialization fall and function concentration and specialization rise. At high fragmentation costs, regional comparative advantage in sectors determines general equilibrium analogous to a Heckscher–Ohlin model (HO). At low fragmentation costs, comparative advantage in functions drives an equilibrium that has little resemblance to a HO world.
Survival and Success of 3D‐Printed Versus Milled Immediate Provisional Full‐Arch Restorations: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sobczak Barbara , Majewski Piotr , Egorenkov Evgenii
Published: November 2024

Objective

To evaluate and compare the survival rates of 3D‐printed and chairside milled resin polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) immediate temporary provisional full‐arch implant restorations using prosthetic survival as the primary outcome.

Materials and Methods

Records of 335 routine patients receiving 443 temporary six‐implant retained maxillary or mandibular prosthetic restorations between January 2019 and January 2022 at a private clinic (Dr Sobczak Clinical Centre, Radosc, Poland) were considered for this retrospective analysis. The analysis compared prosthetic and implant failure rates between printed and milled restorations as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Patient‐related and treatment‐related characteristics between groups were compared using the Chi‐square test and Mann–Whitney U‐test, respectively. Group‐specific cumulative prosthetic survival was qualitatively and quantitively compared using Kaplan–Meier, generalized linear mixed models and univariate cox proportional hazard analyses. Prosthetic survival was set into context to implant survival using Chi‐square tests. A multivariable cox proportional hazards model with frailty was used to identify confounding factors affecting prosthetic survival.

Results

Prosthetic failure rates of milled and printed temporary restorations were 13.01% and 11.25% over the average follow‐up period of 307.7 ± 115.5 days, respectively. The corresponding 180‐day cumulative prosthetic survival rates were 92.4% and 93%. Hazard ratios for the prosthetic failure of milled and printed restorations did not show a statistical difference (p = 0.794). Implant failure rates in restorations that experienced prosthetic failure (17.31%) were higher compared to restorations without failures (5.63%), with a 3.2 times significantly higher odds of failure for a prosthesis experiencing implant loss (p = 0.003). Gender, presence of teeth at treatment baseline, smoking, and bone augmentation were identified as confounding factors impacting prosthetic survival.

Conclusion

Chairside 3D‐printed restorations may represent an equivalent treatment modality to established chairside milled restorations for immediate full‐arch therapy. Provisional prosthetic survival may impact implant survival and treatment success.
Cultural ecosystem services and the conservation challenges for an Indigenous people's aquatic protected area practice
Authors: Vave Ron , Friedlander Alan M. , Kittinger John N. , Ticktin Tamara
Published: November 2024

Globally, protected areas associated with sacred sites and cemeteries are an emerging area of research. However, they are biased toward terrestrial systems. In Fiji, funerary protected areas (FPAs) in freshwater and marine systems are culturally protected by Indigenous Fijians following the burial of a loved one on clan land. First documented in the 1800s, FPAs in Fiji have not been researched despite more than 30 years of conservation efforts and countrywide comanagement of natural resources. We sought to bridge this knowledge gap by elucidating 8 socioecological attributes of Indigenous FPAs through stratified, purposive, semistructured interviews of 201 key informants across Fiji's 189 districts. Seventy‐three districts actively implemented FPAs; another 34 were not being implemented because of low FPA awareness, FPA exclusion from comanagement plans, and conflicts in chief selection. Thirty‐three percent of districts established FPAs for chiefs only, and 20% established FPAs for any clan member, resulting in the establishment of numerous FPAs annually. From the 1960s to 2019, 188 FPAs were established. Forty‐four percent of FPAs were protected for 100 nights, and 47% protected all resources and associated ecosystems in the FPA. Only 25% of districts harvested edible fish and invertebrates; another 22% harvested edible fish only. For some chiefs’ funeral rites, only turtles were harvested, which are protected by law, thereby requiring government exemption for traditional use. The FPA harvest provisions varied from engaging whole communities to engaging specific clans, such as traditional fishers or those who performed the burial. Our results showed that practices associated with FPAs in Fiji are diverse, organically evolving, and more socially nuanced and complex than the fisheries and food provisioning focus they are known for. Erosion of Indigenous knowledge and practices associated with FPAs and FPA exclusion from conservation planning will negatively affect social and ecological resilience, resulting in vulnerable communities.
A framework for promoting disciplinary diversity and inclusion through epistemic justice
Authors: Nyssa Zoe , Winkler‐Schor Sophia , Lobo Diele , Eyster Harold N. , Wright Andrew J.
Published: November 2024

Integrating diverse disciplines and knowledge practices into conservation offers new insights into the complex socioecological dynamics of conservation challenges and how to address them. Integration, however, is not simple; disciplines differ widely in their epistemic and professional commitments, theories, methods, applications, practices, and codes of ethics. Using an epistemic justice approach, we examined how and why different forms of disciplinary and social diversity are connected and offer a framework for promoting disciplinary diversity for conservation science and practice. This framework draws on a literature review and open‐ended responses from surveys of Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) members (n = 577) and nonmembers (n = 213) on experiences of professional and disciplinary exclusion and inclusion collected by SCB's Disciplinary Inclusion Task Force. We propose 4 steps conservation organizations and projects can take to promote disciplinary diversity and inclusion: know your history; understand power dynamics; listen to underrepresented voices; and operationalize disciplinary diversity and inclusion. As members of a highly interdisciplinary and diverse task force, we illustrated this framework through reflections on our shared experiences working together and the challenges and opportunities we faced.