bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents
Authors: Vega Gutierrez Sarath M. , Van Court R. C. , Stone Derek W. , Konkler Matthew J. , Groth Emily N. , Robinson Seri C.
Published: October 2018

Pigments from wood-decay fungi (specifically spalting fungi) have a long history of use in wood art, and have become relevant in modern science due to their longevity and colorfastness. They are presently under investigation as colorants for wood, bamboo, oils, paints and textiles. Major hurdles to their commercialization have been color repeatability (in that the same strain of the same species of fungus may produce different colors over time), and the binding of the pigments to glass storage containers. This is persistent as they do not naturally exist in a loose form. Due to these issues, the ‘standard’ color for each was historically determined not by the amount of pigment, but by the color in a solution of dichloromethane (DCM), using the CIE L*a*b colorspace. This method of standardization severely limited the use of these pigments in industrial applications, as without a dry form, standard methodologies for repeatable color processing into other materials could not be easily implemented. Recent studies have developed a method to crystalize the red pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum (Sacc. & Ellis) Sigler & Kang, producing a highly pure (99%) solid crystal named ‘Dramada’. Herein a method is detailed to compare the molarity of this crystallized pigment to variations in the color, to determine a color saturation curve (by weight) for the pigment from S. cuboideum in DCM and acetone. The molarities for this experiment ranged from 0.024 mM to 19 mM. Each molarity was color read and assigned a CIEL*a*b* value. The results showed that there was a correlation between the molarity and color difference, with the maximum red color occurring between 0.73 mM and 7.3 mM in DCM and between 0.97 mM to 0.73 mM in acetone. Extremely low molarities of pigment produced strong coloration in the solvent, and changes in molarity significantly affected the color of the solution. Having a saturation and color curve for the crystal ‘Dramada’ from S. cuboideum will allow for the reliable production of distinct colors from a known quantity (by weight) of pigment, erasing the final hurdle towards commercial development of the crystallized pigment from S. cuboideum as an industrial dyestuff.
Effect of Low-Fat Diet in Obese Mice Lacking Toll-like Receptors
Authors: Rau Cheng-Shyuan , Wu Shao-Chun , Lu Tsu-Hsiang , Wu Yi-Chan , Wu Chia-Jung , Chien Peng-Chen , Kuo Pao-Jen , Lin Chia-Wei , Tsai Chia-Wen , Hsieh Ching-Hua
Published: October 2018

Background: This study aimed at assessing the effect of a low-fat diet (LFD) in obese mice lacking toll–like receptors (Tlr) and understanding the expression and regulation of microRNAs during weight reduction. Methods: C57BL/6, Tlr5−/−, Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice were used in this study. A group of mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) (58% kcal) for 12 weeks to induce obesity (diet-induced obesity, DIO). Another group that had been fed with HFD for eight weeks (obese mice) were switched to a low-fat diet (LFD) (10.5% kcal) for the next four weeks to reduce their body weight. The control mice were fed with a standard AIN-76A diet for the entire 12 weeks. The body weight of the mice was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, epididymal fat weight and adipocyte size were measured. The differentially expressed miRNAs in the fat tissue was determined by next-generation sequencing with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). Target prediction and functional annotation of miRNAs were performed using miRSystem database. Results: Switching to LFD significantly reduced the body weight and epididymal fat mass in the HFD-fed C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/− mice but not in Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice. Weight reduction significantly decreased the size of adipocytes in C57BL/6 but not in the Tlr knockout mice. In Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice, feeding with HFD and the subsequent weight reduction resulted in an aberrant miRNA expression in the epididymal fat tissue unlike in C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/−. However, target prediction and functional annotation by miRSystem database revealed that all the top 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathways of the dysregulated miRNAs during weight reduction in the C57BL/6 mice were also found in the regulated pathways of Tlr5−/−, Tlr2−/−, and Tlr4−/− strains. However, among these pathways, gene sets involved in arginine and proline metabolism and glutathione metabolism were mainly involved in the Tlr knockout mice but not in the C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that feeding of LFD leads to significant body weight reduction in C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/− mice, but not in Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice. Significant reduction in the size of adipocytes of epididymal fat was only found in C57BL/6, but not in Tlr5−/−, Tlr2−/−, and Tlr4−/− mice. The dysregulated miRNAs in Tlr2−/− and Tlr4−/− mice were different from those in C57BL/6 and Tlr5−/− strains. Among those miRNA-regulated pathways, arginine and proline metabolism as well as glutathione metabolism may have important roles in the Tlr knockout mice rather than in C57BL/6 mice.
Business Distress Prediction Using Bayesian Logistic Model for Indian Firms
Authors: Shrivastava Arvind , Kumar Kuldeep , Kumar Nitin
Published: October 2018

The objective of the study is to perform corporate distress prediction for an emerging economy, such as India, where bankruptcy details of firms are not available. Exhaustive panel dataset extracted from Capital IQ has been employed for the purpose. Foremost, the study contributes by devising novel framework to capture incipient signs of distress for Indian firms by employing a combination of firm specific parameters. The strategy not only enables enlarging the sample of distressed firms but also enables to obtain robust results. The analysis applies both standard Logistic and Bayesian modeling to predict distressed firms in Indian corporate sector. Thereby, a comparison of predictive ability of the two approaches has been carried out. Both in-sample and out of sample evaluation reveal a consistently better predictive capability employing Bayesian methodology. The study provides useful structure to indicate the early signals of failure in Indian corporate sector that is otherwise limited in literature.
Attention-Mechanism-Containing Neural Networks for High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image Classification
Authors: Xu Rudong , Tao Yiting , Lu Zhongyuan , Zhong Yanfei
Published: October 2018

A deep neural network is suitable for remote sensing image pixel-wise classification because it effectively extracts features from the raw data. However, remote sensing images with higher spatial resolution exhibit smaller inter-class differences and greater intra-class differences; thus, feature extraction becomes more difficult. The attention mechanism, as a method that simulates the manner in which humans comprehend and perceive images, is useful for the quick and accurate acquisition of key features. In this study, we propose a novel neural network that incorporates two kinds of attention mechanisms in its mask and trunk branches; i.e., control gate (soft) and feedback attention mechanisms, respectively, based on the branches’ primary roles. Thus, a deep neural network can be equipped with an attention mechanism to perform pixel-wise classification for very high-resolution remote sensing (VHRRS) images. The control gate attention mechanism in the mask branch is utilized to build pixel-wise masks for feature maps, to assign different priorities to different locations on different channels for feature extraction recalibration, to apply stress to the effective features, and to weaken the influence of other profitless features. The feedback attention mechanism in the trunk branch allows for the retrieval of high-level semantic features. Hence, additional aids are provided for lower layers to re-weight the focus and to re-update higher-level feature extraction in a target-oriented manner. These two attention mechanisms are fused to form a neural network module. By stacking various modules with different-scale mask branches, the network utilizes different attention-aware features under different local spatial structures. The proposed method is tested on the VHRRS images from the BJ-02, GF-02, Geoeye, and Quickbird satellites, and the influence of the network structure and the rationality of the network design are discussed. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method achieves competitive accuracy, thereby proving its effectiveness.
Typhoon/Hurricane-Generated Wind Waves Inferred from SAR Imagery
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Guoqiang , Perrie William , He Yijun , Zhang Guosheng
Published: October 2018

The wide-swath mode of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a good way of detecting typhoon/hurricane winds with a cross-polarization mode. However, its ability to detect wind waves is restricted because of its spatial resolution and nonlinear imaging mechanisms. In this study, we use the SAR-retrieved wind speed, Sentinel-1 SAR wave mode and buoy data to examine fetch- and duration-limited parametric models (denoted H-models), to estimate the wave parameters (significant wave height Hs, dominant wave period Tp) generated by hurricanes or typhoons. Three sets of H-models, in total 6 models, are involved: The H-3Sec model simulates the wave parameters in 3 sections of a given storm (right, left and back); H-LUT models, including the H-LUTI model and H-LUTB model, provide a better resolution of the azimuthal estimation of wind waves inside the storm by analyzing the dataset from Bonnie 1998 and Ivan 2004; and the third set of models is called the H-Harm models, which consider the effects of the radius of the maximum wind speed rm on the wave simulation. In the case of typhoon Krovanh, the comparison with wave-mode measurements shows that the duration-limited models underestimate the high values for the wind-wave Hs, while the fetch models’ results are more accurate, especially for the H-LUTI model. By analyzing 86 SAR wave mode images, it is found that the H-LUTI model is the best among the 6 H-models, and can effectively simulate the wind-wave Hs, except in the center area of the typhoon; root mean square errors (rmse) can reach 0.88 m, and the coefficient correlation (R2) is 0.86. The H-Harm models add rm as an additional factor to be considered, but this does not add significant improvement in performance compared to the others. This limitation is probably due to the fact that the data sets used to develop the H-Harm models have only a limited coverage range, with respect to rm. Applying H-models to RADARSAT-2 ScanSAR mode data, we compare the retrieved wave parameters to collected buoy measurements, showing good consistency. The H-LUTI model, using a fetch-limited function, does the best among these 6 H-models, whose rmse and R2 are 0.86 m and 0.77 for Hs, and 1.06 s and 0.76 for Tp, respectively. Results indicate the potential for H-models to simulate waves generated by typhoons/hurricanes.
The Effect of Training in the Preparatory and Competitive Periods on Trunk Rotational Power in Canoeists, Ice-Hockey Players, and Tennis Players
Authors: Poór Oliver , Zemková Erika
Published: October 2018

This study evaluates changes in trunk rotational power at different weights and velocities after the preparatory and competitive periods in ice-hockey players, tennis players, and canoeists. The subjects performed trunk rotations to each side with a barbell of different weights placed on the shoulders (6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 26 kg) prior to and after 6 weeks of the preparatory period and 6 weeks of the competitive period. The results showed that mean power produced in the acceleration phase of trunk rotations increased significantly at weights from 10 to 26 kg or 6 to 26 kg after the preparatory and competitive periods in tennis players. The values obtained during trunk rotations with weights ≥12 kg also increased significantly after the preparatory period in ice-hockey players, whereas there were no significant changes after the competitive period. Similarly, the mean power during trunk rotations with weights ≥10 kg increased significantly only after the preparatory period in canoeists. Similar changes were observed for the peak power. These findings demonstrate that changes in trunk rotational power reflect the specificity of their training programs. This information may provide a basis for designing exercises focused on improvements of power produced during trunk rotations under loading conditions.
Rework Quantification and Influence of Rework on Duration and Cost of Equipment Development Task
Authors: Zhang Xilin , Tan Yuejin , Yang Zhiwei
Published: October 2018

Rework is a sub-task within equipment development tasks that is revised after initial completion to meet task requirements. Some sub-tasks require multiple rework iterations due to their uncertainty and complexity, or the technology and process needs of the overall task, resulting in inefficient task implementation and resource wastage. Therefore, studying the impact of rework iterations on the duration and cost of development tasks is worthwhile. This study divides rework into foreseeable and hidden types and uses several methods to express and quantify their parameters. The main influencing factors in rework iterations—the uncertainty and complexity of the development task—are quantitatively analyzed. Then, mathematical and mapping models of the dependence between sub-tasks, uncertainty, complexity, and rework parameters are established. The impacts of rework type and rework parameters on the duration and cost of equipment development tasks are analyzed via simulation based on the design structure matrix (DSM). Finally, an example is used to illustrate the influence of different rework types and rework parameters on development tasks’ duration and cost. The results show that the duration and cost of development tasks are greater, their volatility range is wider, and the distribution is more dispersed when both foreseeable and hidden rework are considered.
An Assessment Tool Predicts Learning Effectiveness for Project-Based Learning in Enhancing Education of Sustainability
Authors: Chang Chi-Cheng , Kuo Chin-Guo , Chang Yu-Hsuan
Published: October 2018

Project-based learning (PBL) has been widely applied to stimulate learning motivation, cultivate implementation capability, and improve learning effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to establish an assessment tool for the learning effectiveness of PBL in scientific and technological education. The methods include literature review, focus groups, and survey research. After the literature review, a draft of the scale was established, and the content validity of the scale was verified by 8 experts before being pre-tested. A total of 232 copies of valid official scales were issued and recovered. The research obtained produced subscales for “Flow experience perception”, “Self-efficacy”, “Product evaluation” and “Learning motivation”, which can be used to evaluate the learning effectiveness of the PBL in curricula of science and technology.
On Coloring Catalan Number Distance Graphs and Interference Graphs
Authors: Yegnanarayanan Venkataraman , Yegnanarayanan Gayathri Narayana , M. Balas Marius
Published: October 2018

A vertex coloring of a graph G is a mapping that allots colors to the vertices of G. Such a coloring is said to be a proper vertex coloring if two vertices joined by an edge receive different colors. The chromatic number χ ( G ) is the least number of colors used in a proper vertex coloring. In this paper, we compute the χ of certain distance graphs whose distance set elements are (a) a finite set of Catalan numbers, (b) a finite set of generalized Catalan numbers, (c) a finite set of Hankel transform of a transformed sequence of Catalan numbers. Then while discussing the importance of minimizing interference in wireless networks, we probe how a vertex coloring problem is related to minimizing vertex collisions and signal clashes of the associated interference graph. Then when investigating the χ of certain G ( V , D ) and graphs with interference, we also compute certain lower and upper bound for χ of any given simple graph in terms of the average degree and Laplacian operator. Besides obtaining some interesting results we also raised some open problems.
Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombined Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 among Nadc30-Like, Jxa1-Like, and Mlv-Like Strains
Authors: Zhou Long , Kang Runmin , Yu Jifeng , Xie Bo , Chen Changying , Li Xingyu , Xie Jing , Ye Yonggang , Xiao Lu , Zhang Jinling , Yang Xin , Wang Hongning
Published: October 2018

Recombination among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs), coupled with point mutations, insertions, and deletions occurring in the genome, is considered to contribute to the emergence of new variants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of a PRRSV field strain, designated SCN17, isolated from a RespPRRS MLV-vaccinated piglet in China in 2017. Sequence alignment revealed that SCN17 had discontinuous 131-amino acid (111 + 1 + 19-aa) deletion in the NSP2-coding region identical to that of NADC30 when compared to VR-2332. Notably, the strain, SCN17, contained an additional 1-aa deletion in NSP2, a 1-aa deletion in ORF5, and a unique 3-nt deletion in the 3′-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SCN17 clustered into NADC30-like lineage based on ORF5 genotyping, whereas it belonged to an inter-lineage between the NADC30-like and VR-2332-like lineages as established based on the full-length genome. Importantly, the SCN17 was identified as a novel virus recombined between a NADC30-like (moderately pathogenic), a JXA1-like (highly pathogenic), and an attenuated vaccine strain, RespPRRS MLV (parental strain VR-2332). Furthermore, we tested its pathogenicity in piglets. SCN17 infection caused a persistent fever, moderate interstitial pneumonia, and increased the viremia and antibody levels in the inoculated piglets. Of note, all SCN17-infected piglets survived throughout the study. The new virus was showed to be a moderately virulent isolate and have lower pathogenicity than HP-PRRSV strain, SCwhn09CD. Our results provide evidence for the continuing evolution of PRRSV field strain by genetic recombination and mutation leading to outbreaks in the vaccinated pig populations in China.
Evidence against Anomalous Compositions for Giants in the Galactic Nuclear Star Cluster
Authors: Thorsbro B. , Ryde N. , Schultheis M. , Hartman H. , Rich R. M. , Lomaeva M. , Origlia L. , Jönsson H.
Published: October 2018

Very strong Sc i lines have recently been found in cool M giants in the Nuclear Star Cluster (NSC) in the Galactic center. Interpreting these as anomalously high scandium abundances in the Galactic center would imply a unique enhancement signature and chemical evolution history for NSCs, and a potential test for models of chemical enrichment in these objects. We present high resolution K-band spectra (NIRSPEC/Keck II) of cool M giants situated in the solar neighborhood and compare them with spectra of M giants in the NSC. We clearly identify strong Sc i lines in our solar neighborhood sample as well as in the NSC sample. The strong Sc i lines in M giants are therefore not unique to stars in the NSC and we argue that the strong lines are a property of the line formation process that currently escapes accurate theoretical modeling. We further conclude that for giant stars with effective temperatures below approximately 3800 K these Sc i lines should not be used for deriving the scandium abundances in any astrophysical environment until we better understand how these lines are formed. We also discuss the lines of vanadium, titanium, and yttrium identified in the spectra, which demonstrate a similar striking increase in strength below 3500 K effective temperature.
Threshold Radii of Volatile-rich Planets
Authors: Lozovsky M. , Helled R. , Dorn C. , Venturini J.
Published: October 2018

Constraining the planetary composition is essential for exoplanetary characterization. In this paper, we use a statistical analysis to determine the characteristic maximum (threshold) radii for various compositions for exoplanets with masses up to 25 Earth masses (M
⊕). We confirm that most planets with radii larger than 1.6 Earth radii (R
⊕) are not rocky, and must consist of lighter elements, as found by previous studies. We find that planets with radii above 2.6 R
⊕ cannot be pure-water worlds, and must contain significant amounts of hydrogen and helium (H–He). We find that planets with radii larger than about 3 R
⊕, 3.6 R
⊕, and 4.3 R
⊕ are expected to consist of 2%, 5%, and 10% of H–He, respectively. We investigate the sensitivity of the results to the assumed internal structure, the planetary temperature and albedo, and the accuracy of the determination of mass and radius. We show that the envelope’s metallicity, the percentage of H–He, and the distribution of the elements play a significant role in the determination of the threshold radius. Finally, we conclude that, despite the degenerate nature of the problem, it is possible to put limits on the possible range of compositions for planets with well-measured mass and radius.
Distribution of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions (Arachnida) in Brazil
Authors: von Schimonsky Diego , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: October 2018

Pseudoscorpions are one of the most diverse of the smaller arachnid orders but there is relatively little information about the distribution of these tiny animals, especially in Neotropical caves. Here we map the distribution of the Pseudoscorpiones in Brazilian caves with record of 12 families and 22 genera, total 313 caves from 13 states. Among them, two families (Atemnidae and Geogarypidae) with three genera (Brazilatemnus Muchmore, 1975, Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 and Geogarypus Chamberlin, 1930) are recorded for the first time in cave habitat as well as other seven genera previously unknown for Brazilian caves (Olpiolum Beier, 1931, Pachyolpium Beier 1931, Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin, 1929, Lagynochthonius Beier, 1951, Neocheiridium Beier 1932, Ideoblothrus Balzan, 1892 and Heterolophus Tömösváry, 1884) but these genera are from families already recorded in this habitat, and have their distributional ranges expanded for all other previously recorded genera. We present these data in maps, considering the biogeographical provinces. For the genus Spelaeochernes Mahnert, 2001, we re-evaluate its Schiner-Racovitza status and propose the troglobite status. Finally, we discuss the ranges of the pseudoscorpion families/genera for Brazilian caves (Suppl. material 1).
La laïcité, nouvel étendard de l’intégration ?
Authors: Chebbah-Malicet Laure
Published: October 2018

Depuis la fin des années 1980, la question de la laïcité a croisé celle de l’immigration et plus spécifiquement celle de l’intégration. Ce glissement d’une approche de l’immigration centrée sur une dimension identitaire et religieuse a été progressif. A mesure que la figure du « travailleur immigré » venu du Maghreb pour l’essentiel cédait la place aux « jeunes issus de l’immigration » vivant en banlieue, au discours sur l’intégration s’est alors substitué celui sur une laïcité marqueur d’identité.
Entretien avec Abdelaziz Chaambi
Authors: Seniguer Haouès
Published: October 2018

Militant lyonnais d’origine tunisienne. Il est issu d’une famille très fortement engagée contre la présence coloniale française en Tunisie. Il a été un acteur important de la construction de l’islam de France hors région parisienne au cours des années 1980. En effet, il fut, entre autres, l’une des chevilles ouvrières de l’Union des Jeunes Musulmans de France qu’il a cofondée à Lyon en 1987. Très tôt sensible à la cause des plus démunis, de la condition coloniale et postcoloniale, il a milité dès son plus jeune âge dans différentes structures associatives ou au sein de mouvements politiques à l’instar de Lutte Ouvrière. Dans l’entretien accordé à Confluences Méditerranée , Abdelaziz Chaambi revient, sans ambages, sur les grandes étapes de ses engagements successifs et multiples dans la cité, sur la façon dont il articule foi musulmane et militantisme, sa lutte sans relâche contre les effets du capitalisme néo-libéral, le regard qu’il porte sur la situation de l’islam de France, le conspirationnisme dans les milieux musulmans, etc., notamment dans le contexte post-attentats de 2015 qu’il a vécu avec beaucoup de tristesse et de sidération.
Du bon usage du « judéo-christianisme »
Authors: Bettahar Mohammed M.
Published: October 2018

Nous examinons dans cet article le contenu et l’usage de l’expression « civilisation judéo-chrétienne », utilisée dans les mass-média comme synonyme de civilisation européenne. Apparue il y a deux ou trois décennies, cette définition ethno-religieuse de l’identité européenne ne nous semble pas pertinente car en contradiction avec l’approche historique habituelle des civilisations, avec l’histoire des nations européennes. Largement admise dans les opinions publiques, elle pourrait, dans un contexte propice aux replis identitaires, contribuer à alimenter des dérives préjudiciables aux équilibres politiques à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’Europe. Il est important d’en discuter et le contenu et l’utilisation.
Adolescentes radicalisées : de la réactualisation du ravage mère-fille à la recherche d’un symptôme
Authors: Ledrait Alexandre , Duhamel Cindy
Published: October 2018

À partir de leur expérience de psychologues dans le champ de la prévention de la radicalité, les auteurs formulent des hypothèses concernant les fonctions psychiques de la radicalisation pour des adolescentes en grande souffrance psychique ayant subi des traumatismes intra et intergénérationnels. Les auteurs évoquent tout particulièrement les cas de jeunes filles pour qui la radicalisation serait une tentative de résolution identitaire en lien avec des traumatismes touchant les liens mère/fille. Ces hypothèses théorico-cliniques et l’analyse des souffrances psychiques et des troubles manifestés conduisent les auteurs à ouvrir sur des préconisations en matière d’aide à apporter.
Dépression, travail du négatif et remaniements des liens du couple âgé
Authors: Pierron-Robinet Géraldine
Published: October 2018

Si la dépression du sujet âgé est souvent étudiée sous un angle individuel dans la littérature, la rencontre avec le conjoint du patient dépressif nous invite à l’articuler à une approche groupale du couple. Or, les résonances de la dépression restent mal connues dans le couple âgé, au point que le rôle du conjoint paraît souvent secondaire et qu’il se reconnaît rarement comme un aidant. Pourtant ses réactions aux troubles dépressifs de son partenaire semblent avoir une incidence sur le devenir du lien conjugal et la restructuration du couple âgé face à la dépression. Cet article s’appuie à la fois sur les concepts psychanalytiques de la clinique du négatif et sur les apports de la théorie de l’attachement pour analyser les effets individuels et groupaux de la dépression dans le couple âgé. L’articulation de ces processus tend à éclairer la transformation des vécus de perte et d’étrangeté et l’aménagement du lien conjugal face à la dépression. Plusieurs observations cliniques visent à illustrer ces développements conceptuels.
La spoliation en pratiques. Riga, 1939-1942
Authors: Le Bourhis Eric
Published: October 2018

Cet article éclaire la spoliation des Juifs au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale par une enquête sur les pratiques administratives, menée dans le cas de Riga. Dans cette ville soviétique (lettone) occupée par l’Allemagne nazie, la mise en place et la réalisation de politiques de spoliation sont extrêmement rapides. De l’été 1941 à l’été 1942, les logements et les biens mobiliers des 40000 Juifs présents dans la ville (dont de nombreux réfugiés) sont intégralement saisis et redistribués en parallèle de leur extermination, ainsi que les biens de ceux qui se sont enfuis par milliers lors de l’invasion allemande. Cette rapidité n’aurait pas été possible sans la réutilisation d’outils administratifs établis au profit de politiques préalables et la mise à profit d’expériences de différents agents depuis 1939. Le texte interroge deux modalités de cette réutilisation : le cumul de savoir-faire de l’administration municipale de Riga en matière de spoliation et de redistribution des appartements locatifs ; le transfert d’expériences allemandes en matière de spoliation, depuis des villes polonaises annexées au Reich. Outre les éléments de connaissance apportés sur la spoliation, le texte apporte notamment des éléments de discussion sur les interactions entre le Reich et l’Union soviétique, et sur les transferts de politiques ou d’expériences en matière de persécution raciale au sein des territoires occupés par le Reich.
Climate influences on Guiana dolphin diet along the Brazilian coast
Authors: Rupil Gabriel M. , Bogoni Juliano André , Barbosa Lupércio , Marcondes Milton César C. , Cazerta Farro Ana Paula
Published: October 2018

The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) is a small-bodied dolphin distributed along the Atlantic coast from Honduras to southern Brazil. It preys on fish, squid and shrimps. Several seminal studies have described its diet, yet relationships between the species’ feeding plasticity and climate gradients remain unknown. We compiled a large database of Guiana dolphin stomach remains from southeast coastal Brazil. We described the species’ diet using a number of descriptors, multivariate analysis of variance to test possible differentiation in diet composition, and the Morisita index to estimate the extent of trophic niche overlap between groups. We also analysed feeding plasticity using a regression tree analysis followed by an ordination analysis. We present new records of prey for the species in Brazil. Our results suggest that the Guiana dolphin has opportunistic feeding habits, which may exhibit the species’ feeding plasticity. Such feeding plasticity is associated with the capability to prey throughout a wide array of climate conditions. From a conservation ecology perspective, we conclude that estuaries—even ones that are over-depleted and succumbing to human impacts—are paramount environments for the Guiana dolphin, serving as important sources of prey for the species and other sympatric marine mammals.
Scorpaena decemradiata new species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, a species distinct from Scorpaena porcus
Authors: Fricke Ronald , Golani Daniel , Appelbaum-Golani Brenda , Zajonz Uwe
Published: October 2018

The scorpionfish Scorpaena decemradiata n. sp. is described from off the coast of Israel in the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. The new species is similar to S. porcus Linnaeus, 1758, but is characterized by dorsal fin spines XII, soft dorsal fin rays 10 (the last divided at base); pectoral fin rays 16, uppermost branched pectoral fin ray is the second; lacrimal with 2 spines over maxilla that point at nearly right angle from each other, the posterior pointing ventrally and slightly anteriorly; occipital pit well developed; anteriormost mandibular lateral-line pores small, separated; scales ctenoid; 59-62 scale rows in longitudinal series; scales absent on chest and pectoral fin base; and cirri developed over entire head and body, but no cirri on lower jaw. An updated checklist of the species of the genus Scorpaena Linnaeus, 1758 and a key to the species of the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea are presented.
Professor C.H. Fernando (1929-2018)
Authors: Hettiarachchi A.
Published: October 2018

No Abstract
Abundance-Biomass Comparison approach to assess the environmental stressors in Diyawannawa wetland in monsoonal and non-monsoonal seasons
Authors: Wijeyaratne W.M. Dimuthu N. , Bellanthudawa B.K. Aravinda
Published: October 2018

Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) approach is a graphical approach that compares the abundance and biomass of organisms in order to predict the environmental stress level of an ecosystem. The present study was conducted in selected sites located at non-rehabilitated and rehabilitated areas of the Diyawannawa wetland in Sri Lanka in the monsoonal and non-monsoonal seasons. The ABC was performed on the macrobenthic mollusk species collected from the study sites. Eight species of macrobenthic mollusks, namely, Bithynia tentaculata, Melanoides turbeculata, Melanoides turriculus, Thiara scabra, Lamellidens marginalis, Pila globosa, Gyraulus saigonensis and Lymnaea stagnalis were recorded during the study period. Based on Principal Component Analysis, B. tentaculata, and, P. globosa were identified as characteristic gastropod species that could be used to classify study sites in the rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated areas of this tropical wetland system. In the monsoonal season, overlapping cumulative percentage dominance of abundance and cumulative percentage dominance of biomass curves in sites A, B, and F indicated partially disturbed environmental conditions. The site C of the non-rehabilitated area, showed a typical undisturbed condition and the sites D and E of the rehabilitated area the cumulative percentage dominance of biomass curve was located above the abundance curve, indicating disturbed environmental conditions in these sites during monsoonal season. During the non-monsoonal season in all the sites except site F of the rehabilitated area, the cumulative percentage dominance of abundance curve was located above the biomass curve, indicating undisturbed environmental conditions in these sites. In the site F, the cumulative percentage dominance of abundance and the cumulative percentage dominance of biomass curves were crossing each other, indicating partially disturbed environmental conditions at this site. The values of the W statistic, which ranged from 0.004 to 0.374 in the non-monsoonal season and ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 in the monsoonal season, and pollution and water quality categorization by modified biotic index (MBI) were in agreement with the results of the ABC approach.
Increasing autophagy does not affect neurogenic muscle atrophy
Authors: Pigna Eva , Sanna Krizia , Coletti Dario , Li Zhenlin , Parlakian Ara , Adamo Sergio , Moresi Viviana
Published: October 2018

Physiological autophagy plays a crucial role in the regulation of muscle mass and metabolism, while the excessive induction or the inhibition of the autophagic flux contributes to the progression of several diseases. Autophagy can be activated by different stimuli, including cancer, exercise, caloric restriction and denervation. The latter leads to muscle atrophy through the activation of catabolic pathways, i.e. the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. However, the kinetics of autophagy activation and the upstream molecular pathways in denervated skeletal muscle have not been reported yet. In this study, we characterized the kinetics of autophagic induction, quickly triggered by denervation, and report the Akt/mTOR axis activation. Besides, with the aim to assess the relative contribution of autophagy in neurogenic muscle atrophy, we triggered autophagy with different stimuli along with denervation, and observed that four week-long autophagic induction, by either intermitted fasting or rapamycin treatment, did not significantly affect muscle mass loss. We conclude that: i) autophagy does not play a major role in inducing muscle loss following denervation; ii) nonetheless, autophagy may have a regulatory role in denervation induced muscle atrophy, since it is significantly upregulated as early as eight hours after denervation; iii) Akt/mTOR axis, AMPK and FoxO3a are activated consistently with the progression of muscle atrophy, further highlighting the complexity of the signaling response to the atrophying stimulus deriving from denervation.
An adult case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome presented with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Successful response to late-onset eculizumab treatment
Authors: Solmaz Medeni Serife , Namdaroglu Sinem , Cetintepe Tugba , Ozlu Can , Tasli Funda , Adibelli Zehra Hilal , Bilgir Oktay , Tatar Erhan
Published: October 2018

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is a rare and progressive disease caused by uncontrolled alternative complement activation. Dysregulatıon of the complement activation results in thrombotic microangiopathy and multiorgan damage. A 29-yearold woman who was admitted with complaints of vomiting and headache was detected to have acute renal failure with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). After the diagnosis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), she was treated with plasma exchange (PE) and hemodialysis (HD). She has experienced hypertensionrelated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) at the second plasma exchange. She was initiated on eculizumab therapy because of no response to PE on the 34th days. Her renal functions progressively improved with eculizumab treatment. Dependence on dialysis was over by the 4th month. Dialysis free-serum Creatinine level was 2.2 mg/dL [glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR): 30 mL/min/1.73 m2] after 24 months. Neurological involvement (PRES, etc.) is the most common extrarenal complication and a major cause of mortality and morbidity from aHUS. More importantly, we showed that renal recovery may be obtained following late-onset eculizumab treatment in patient with aHUS after a long dependence on hemodialysis.
FOREWORD
Authors: Gatti Emilio
Published: October 2018

I'm pleased to welcome you at the Istituto Lombardo Accademia Scienze e Lettere meeting entitled "Dalla Medicina alla Tecnologia – dalla Tecnologia alla Medicina”.
GOR’KIJ E ČUKOVSKIJ
Authors: Cantatori Anna
Published: October 2018

Già dal 1902 Čukovskij aveva recensito le opere di Gorkij, ma la loro conoscenza diretta risale al 1916, quando cominciarono insieme ad occuparsi di letteratura infantile, preparando la prima raccolta di racconti per bambini dell’epoca sovietica. Dopo la rivoluzione Gorkij fondò la casa editrice Vsemirnaja Literatura a cui Čukovskij collaborò in qualità di specialista della letteratura angloamericana. Per lo studio dei loro rapporti si prenderanno in esame gli articoli di Čukovskij di critica alle opere di Gorkij, i suoi diari, i suoi ricordi su Gorkij e l’album Čukokkala. Si considererà anche il ruolo avuto da Gorkij, in occasione della campagna di diffamazione lanciata dalle pagine della Pravda nei confronti di Čukovskij.
GOR’KIJ AL CINEMA: I BASSIFONDI NELLA LETTURA DI RENOIR E KUROSAWA
Authors: Cicognini Nadia
Published: October 2018

Nella relazione vengono confrontati e analizzati i due adattamenti di Renoir e Kurosawa del dramma di Gor'kij I bassifondi per esaminare come all'interno di essi vengono rappresentati le idee di fondo e lo spirito del dramma gorkiano. A tale proposito risulta interessante esaminare in entrambi i film la scelta delle scene e la rappresentazione dei personaggi e della simbologia dell'originale letterario. Jean Renoir adattò il dramma di Gor'kij nel 1936 con la collaborazione di E. Zamjatin, vi trasferì molti elementi della vita contemporanea francese, volendo realizzare un dramma umano. Akira Kurosawa trasferì l'azione del dramma dalla Russia zarista nella Tokyo dell'inizio del XIX secolo, girando quasi tutte le scene in unico interno, nel dormitorio, e conferendo al film una sottile dimensione psicologica e uno spessore filosofico.
CONGEDO MUSICALE
Authors: Martini Luciano
Published: October 2018

We end up our meeting presenting two DVD which will enable to listen and see Arturo Toscanini conducting his american orchestra, the NBC Symphony, in two interesting fragments of compositions of Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner. Verdi will be represented by the “Hymn of the Nations”, a cantata written in the years 1861-1862 on a text by Arrigo Boito; and Wagner by the fragment “Siegfried’s Death and Funeral March” taken from the Götterdämmerung. The written text underlines the role of Maestro Toscanini in introducing Wagner’s music in our country, and in showing the art of Verdi with a critical and intellectual approach which was missing in the generic “routine” of the nineteenth century.
A landmark in the field of genome size evolution: Maria Gabriella Manfredi Romaniniâ€™s contributions
Authors: Redi Carloalberto , Garagna Silvia , Capanna Ernesto
Published: October 2018

The interest for genome evolution started quite early during the academic career of prof. Maria Gabriella Manfredi Romanini (MGMR, as all her pupils were used to call her; she knew that, and she was pleased we were confidentially nicknaming her!). She taught Anthropology since 1964 while holding the course of Histology and Embryology for the degree in biology. She was immediately attracted by the new coming vision that shifted from the physical anthropology to the molecular level at which the human evolution could be followed. Strong believer, she never put her beliefs before the scientific data: she invited us (her pupils and students) to read carefully Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, a great palaeontologist who took part in the discovery of the Peking man but, at that time, also an heterodox Jesuit philosopher whose writing were censored by the Catholic Church because of his view of the original sin and the evolutionary theories. At the same time, MGMR was often stressing that we had to learn all of the new coming techniques to get a deep vision of the evolutionary story of the Mammals. Just to remember one of her teachings of the â€™60, she convinced all of us to carry on the new techniques of DNA denaturation and hybridization by simply using hot water solutions and cold ice! (a technique that stimulated inspiration to an entire generation of biologists). She was continuously teaching, even during the summer holidays when she was asking all of us to come to her lakeâ€™s villa (discomforting her husband, that rightly was recalling MGMR that was already dinner time!) and inspiring curiosity, fascination for the livings and wishes to fully participate to the international academic community. Over time, she inspired even the F2 of her pupils thanks to her enthusiastic and positive view for our exceptionally lucky chance to carry on the â€œmost marvellous workâ€, as she defined our job. Having much younger pupils she was always able to learn even the most advanced molecular techniques that she always tried to apply even in very difficult environmental situations (while the Italian Universities only encountered a drastic shortage of human capitals and economic resources): she prompted us to go abroad to collaborate with the best institutions worldwide (Germany, Holland, France, England, Japan, Brazil, to mention a few). While teaching and doing research she took the very hard gamble to launch at an international level the European Journal of histochemistry (born as â€œRivista di Istochimica normale ed applicataâ€, the first journal on Histochemistry worldwide, founded on 1954 by her tutor and master, Maffo Vialli). Here we will briefly present one of the many interest and activities carried on by Maria Gabriella Manfredi Romanini; the one on Mammalian genome size, especially looking at the deep human and scientific relationships she had (apart with the coauthors who were her pupils) with Ernesto Capanna.
In memory of a long-lasting friendship and scientific partnership
Authors: Capanna Ernesto
Published: October 2018

Not available
Ultrastructural cytochemistry as a tool for studying transcriptional mechanisms
Authors: Basello Davide , Cisterna Barbara , Galimberti Valentina , Poletto Valentina , Biggiogera Marco
Published: October 2018

Ultrastructural cytochemistry is a powerful tool for investigating the biology of the cell nucleus. Thanks to its very high resolution, it has been possible to localize with extreme accuracy the sites of transcription, splicing and maturation of both mRNA and rRNA, their precise location as well as their movements. By means of immunocytochemical techniques, many nuclear proteins have been given a specific role in the transcriptional mechanisms, with the possibility of precisely mapping their location on a single RNA fibril. Starting from the 70s, the techniques have evolved from the resolution of autoradiography to that of gold-coupled antibodies, reaching a resolution of few nanometers. The use of correlative microscopy techniques as well as of electron tomography has also allowed the 3D imaging of ribonucleoprotein-containing structures in situ, in the nucleus. The association of a biological mechanism with the cytochemical localization of a specific molecule has been crucial in defining the functional organization of the cell nucleus, and has been invaluable for the understanding of many biological processes.
GLI INSEGNAMENTI DELLA CRISI
Authors: Artoni Roberto
Published: October 2018

History shows that the major economic crises in the last century were triggered by three factors closely interconnected: financial deregulation, leading to irresponsibility of the intermediaries; strong polarization in the distribution of income usually associated with a huge rise in household debt; economic policies unable of keeping aggregate demand at a level corresponding to an adequate utilization of resources. Governments should both avoid the insurgence of the crises and solve them through suitable policies.
CULTURA TECNICO-SCIENTIFICA E RISORGIMENTO â€œECONOMICOâ€
Authors: Lacaita Carlo G.
Published: October 2018

The focus of this essay is on the relationship in Italy between scientific and technical culture on the one hand and â€œeconomic Risorgimentoâ€ on the other hand (the latter to be understood as the condition and the driving force of the â€œpolitical Risorgimentoâ€). In the first part this relationship is shown to be linked to the more general idea of bringing Italy back into â€œmodern European civilizationâ€, which in the first half of the XIX century was expressed both in heightened technological innovation and production, and in the rise of national movements for emancipation and independence. In the second part of the essay the measures are considered which were taken by the ruling classes after Unification in the face of remarkable difficulties and resistance. Thanks to such measures, the cultural conditions were created which enabled the subsequent industrial take-off between the XIX and XX century.
MILANO E LE ESPOSIZIONI UNIVERSALI: TRA LAVORO, TECNICA E CONSUMI
Authors: Scarpellini Emanuela
Published: October 2018

The paper analyzes the reasons that made Milan the â€œCity of Fairsâ€ for over a century. The hypothesis is that the city has been able to interpret and disseminate the cultural paradigms linked to the idea of development that have led the growth of the city itself and the entire country. It deals primarily with the cultural factors underlying the creation of large international exhibitions, starting with the London Fair in1951 and the Paris Fair in 1889, showing their presence in the International Fair of Milan in 1906. Particularly strong are the aspects linked to nationalistic affirmation, faith in science and work, and the use of new forms of spectacle. The essay then analyzes the fracture caused by World War II and the many changes following it, both regarding the places of fairs and the underlying cultural messages. It emerges a new awareness about the role of consumption and, over time, different forms of spectacle trying to adapt to the new media. In this context also the Milan Fair in 2015 seems to be fully representative of the actual cultural change.