bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad‐scale eDNA sampling for describing aquatic species distributions in running waters: Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in the upper Snake River, USA
Authors: Young Michael K. , Isaak Daniel J. , Nagel David , Horan Dona L. , Carim Kellie J. , Franklin Thomas W. , Zeller Victoria A. , Roper Brett , Schwartz Michael K.
Published: August 2022

One of the most fundamental yet challenging tasks for aquatic ecologists is to precisely delineate the range of species, particularly those that are broadly distributed, require specialized sampling methods, and may be simultaneously declining and increasing in different portions of their range. An exemplar is the Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus, a jawless anadromous fish of conservation concern that is actively managed in many coastal basins in western North America. To efficiently determine its distribution across the accessible 56,168 km of the upper Snake River basin in the north‐western United States, we first delimited potential habitat by using predictions from a species distribution model based on conventionally collected historical data and from the distribution of a potential surrogate, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which yielded a potential habitat network of 10,615 km. Within this area, we conducted a two‐stage environmental DNA survey involving 394 new samples and 187 archived samples collected by professional biologists and citizen scientists using a single, standardized method from 2015 to 2021. We estimated that Pacific lamprey occupied 1875 km of lotic habitat in this basin, of which 1444 km may have been influenced by recent translocation efforts. Pacific lamprey DNA was consistently present throughout most river main stems, although detections became weaker or less frequent in the largest and warmest downstream channels and near their headwater extent. Pacific lamprey were detected in nearly all stocked tributaries, but there was no evidence of indigenous populations in such habitats. There was evidence of post‐stocking movement because detections were 1.8–36.0 km upstream from release sites. By crafting a model‐driven spatial sampling template and executing an eDNA‐based sampling campaign led by professionals and volunteers, supplemented by previously collected samples, we established a benchmark for understanding the current range of Pacific lamprey across a large portion of its range in the interior Columbia River basin. This approach could be tailored to refine range estimates for other wide‐ranging aquatic species of conservation concern.
COP1 SUPPRESSOR 6 represses the PIF4 and PIF5 action to promote light‐inhibited hypocotyl growth
Authors: Lan Hongxia , Heng Yueqin , Li Jian , Zhang Mengdi , Bian Yeting , Chu Li , Jiang Yan , Wang Xuncheng , Xu Dongqing , Deng Xing Wang
Published: August 2022

Light signaling precisely controls photomorphogenic development in plants. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 and 5 (PIF4 and PIF5) play critical roles in the regulation of this developmental process. In this study, we report CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 SUPPRESSOR 6 (CSU6) functions as a key regulator of light signaling. Loss of CSU6 function largely rescues the cop1‐6 constitutively photomorphogenic phenotype. CSU6 promotes hypocotyl growth in the dark, but inhibits hypocotyl elongation in the light. CSU6 not only associates with the promoter regions of PIF4 and PIF5 to inhibit their expression in the morning, but also directly interacts with both PIF4 and PIF5 to repress their transcriptional activation activity. CSU6 negatively controls a group of PIF4‐ and PIF5‐regulated gene expressions. Mutations in PIF4 and/or PIF5 are epistatic to the loss of CSU6, suggesting that CSU6 acts upstream of PIF4 and PIF5. Taken together, CSU6 promotes light‐inhibited hypocotyl elongation by negatively regulating PIF4 and PIF5 transcription and biochemical activity.
The role of latency reversal in HIV cure strategies
Authors: Tanaka Kiho , Kim Youry , Roche Michael , Lewin Sharon R.
Published: August 2022

One strategy to eliminate latently infected cells that persist in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy is to activate virus transcription and virus production to induce virus or immune‐mediated cell death. This is called latency reversal. Despite clear activity of multiple latency reversal agents in vitro, clinical trials of latency‐reversing agents have not shown significant reduction in latently infected cells. We review new insights into the biology of HIV latency and discuss novel approaches to enhance the efficacy of latency reversal agents.
The effect of brief mindfulness‐based intervention on patient satisfaction and loyalty after waiting
Authors: Campos Sousa Ellen , Freire Luciana
Published: August 2022

This paper offers a novel, easy to execute, mindfulness‐based solution to the waiting time problem at healthcare facilities in particular, with the potential to enhance consumers' experience within a waiting time scenario. Findings of four studies—one in‐class experiment with undergraduates, one field study among adults in a doctor's office, one online experiment in the US, and one online experiment in Brazil—revealed that variations on a 5‐min mindfulness‐based intervention led to more positive perceptions and greater loyalty intentions towards the service. The findings confirm that offering mindfulness interventions to consumers while they are waiting may help reduce dissatisfaction and other negative outcomes that longer than expected waiting times might evoke.
Dynamic ultrasound evaluation of body fillers and biostimulators in the buttocks of fresh‐frozen specimen
Authors: Sigrist Rosa M. , de Noronha Maria Gabriela Ortiz , Borelli Shirley Schnaider , Teixeira Solange Pistori , Funes Hamilton Luiz Xavier , Lourenço Luciana M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Ultrasound imaging is a useful tool to study the injection of fillers and biostimulators in the body.

Objective

Sonographically evaluate real‐time injections of fillers and biostimulators and describe their behavior in the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks of fresh‐frozen specimen.

Methods

injection of two brands of high‐density hyaluronic acid (HA), one brand of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), one brand of hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), one brand of polycaprolactone (PCL) and three brands of poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) were performed in the subcutaneous tissue of the gluteal region under ultrasonography visualization on a fresh‐frozen specimen. Videos during injection and static images immediately after injection were obtained. The sonographic aspects of the substances and their dispersion and interaction with the surrounding tissues were described.

Results

Real‐time ultrasound showed different dispersion patterns of the two brands of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA) and the three brands of PLLA. The sonographic aspects among the brands of PLLA were also different.

Conclusions

The dynamic ultrasound evaluation of the injection of HA, CaHA, hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), PCL and PLLA in a fresh‐frozen specimen shed some light on their aspects and dispersion pattern in the buttock. If these patterns are confirmed in further studies in vivo, there will be a positive impact on the selection and development of safer and more effective techniques to enhance buttock contour.
Experiences of unexplained chest pain and physical activity: A Meta‐Ethnography
Authors: Røysland Ingrid Ølfarnes , Patel Harshida
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives

The aim was to examine the experiences of physical activity in the patients with unexplained chest pain.

Background

Previous qualitative studies have compiled data on the physical activity experiences of people with unexplained chest pain. Nevertheless, no meta‐synthesis exists on this topic to advance the theoretical development of future‐related studies.

Design

A meta‐ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies was conducted. Original qualitative studies on the physical activity experiences of people with unexplained chest pain were identified and systematically synthesised using a meta‐ethnographic approach.

Methods

Seven databases were searched for relevant full‐text articles in English, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. There were no limitations concerning year of publication. Articles were first screened against inclusion criteria for eligibility and then assessed for quality and analysed using Noblit and Hare's seven‐step meta‐ethnography process. The ENTREQ checklist for systematic reviews was used.

Results

Nine qualitative studies were included in the analysis. The physical activity experiences of people with unexplained chest pain illuminates the metaphor: “Physical activity means balancing uncertainty” with four themes: looking for possible explanations, feeling vulnerable, feeling uncertain of consequences and being physically active may mean becoming more capable.

Conclusion

For people with unexplained chest pain, being physically active meant moving toward being more capable. The participants felt vulnerable and physical activity helped in balancing uncertainty. A comprehensive model illustrates the antecedents and succedent for the physical activity experiences of individuals with unexplained chest pains.

Relevance to clinical practice

An approach to care which considers the patient's experience might be applicable; however, it needs to be accompanied with a biomedical perspective. Nurses and other health professionals need to provide a bridge between the patient's experiences and health professionals' advice and recommendations.
Current Practices, Willingness and Perceived Ability to Implement an Injury Prevention Exercise Program Among Post‐Primary Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Devereux Frank , Whyte Enda , Issartel Johann , Belton Sarahjane , O'Connor Siobhan
Published: August 2022

Background

Musculoskeletal injuries are common in adolescents, and recently schools have been suggested as an opportune location for injury prevention strategies. This study aimed to identify the current practices and perceptions of post‐primary PE teachers in Ireland on injury prevention exercise programs (IPEP), which are key to informing potential implementation strategies.

Methods

Post‐primary PE teachers (n = 287) completed an online anonymous survey. Outcome measures included current IPEP practices in PE class, teachers' attitudes toward IPEPs, willingness to implement, and perceived ability to implement an IPEP in PE class. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Mann‐WhitneyUtests were used to compare differences between groups.

Results

Results indicated that only 1 in 5 PE teachers currently used an IPEP in class. Of these, no teacher used an existing IPEP exactly as intended, while most teachers were willing to implement an IPEP (80.5%). Those who previously received formal IPEP education or were aware of an existing IPEP had significantly higher perceived ability to implement an IPEP in class (p < .001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that despite a willingness among PE teachers to implement IPEPs in class, few currently do. Thus, post‐primary PE class may be an under‐utilized setting for adolescent injury prevention and warrants further investigation.
To Hell and Back: A Performer's mental health journey during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Grech Paulann , Chircop Daniel , Azzopardi Andrew
Published: August 2022

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

The COVID‐19 pandemic has induced a considerable amount of mental health difficulties, ranging from anxiety and depression to psychosis. As services struggle to cope with the demand for support, the effect of such psychological challenges on quality of life remains a major concern.

What does the paper add to existing knowledge?

Since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a vast amount of research has focused on the physical consequences of the virus. Gradually, studies on the mental health effects related to the pandemic started to emerge, as it became clear that mental health difficulties were as present and as concerning as the physical ones. Whilst such studies commonly explore the prevalence and nature of the presenting mental health challenges, the publication of personal mental health experiences linked to the ongoing situation is lacking. Introducing the human element in literature is an important means of raising awareness on the mental health difficulties that can be triggered by the pandemic. Using public figures such as the individual in this paper is additionally powerful due to the role model effect.

What are the implications for practice?

The paper highlights the need for enhanced awareness and monitoring of mental health especially by health professionals who therefore need to receive adequate mental health training. Furthermore, mental health awareness efforts need to be considered as being a part of the role of the psychiatric and mental health nurse who is at a prime position to educate, monitor and support those receiving care.
Examining the association between rurality and positive childhood experiences among a national sample
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Probst Janice C. , Shi Sylvia , McLain Alexander , Eberth Jan M. , Brown Monique J. , Merrell Melinda , Bennett Kevin J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The present study examines the association between rurality and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) among children and adolescents across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Recent work has quantified the prevalence of PCEs at the national level, but these studies have been based on public use data files, which lack rurality information for 19 states.

Methods

Data for this cross‐sectional analysis were drawn from 2016 to 2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), using the full data set with restricted geographic data (n = 63,000). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to calculate proportions and unadjusted associations. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between residence and the PCEs that were significant in the bivariate analyses.

Findings

Rural children were more likely than urban children to be reported as having PCEs: volunteering in their community (aOR 1.29; 95% CI 1.18‐1.42), having a guiding mentor (aOR 1.75; 95% CI 1.45‐2.10), residing in a safe neighborhood (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.54‐2.53), and residing in a supportive neighborhood (aOR 1.10; 95% CI 1.01‐1.20) than urban children.

Conclusions

The assessment of rural‐urban differences in PCEs using the full NSCH is a unique opportunity to quantify exposure to PCEs. Given the higher baseline rate of PCEs in rural than urban children, programs to increase opportunities for PCEs in urban communities are warranted. Future research should delve further into whether these PCEs translate to better mental health outcomes in rural children.
Phylogenomic study of Amorphophallus (Alismatales; Araceae): When plastid DNA gene sequences help to resolve the backbone subgeneric delineation
Authors: Pouchon Charles , Gauthier Jérémy , Pitteloud Camille , Claudel Cyrille , Alvarez Nadir
Published: August 2022

Encompassing ca. 200 species distributed in paleotropical Africa and Asia, Amorphophallus is one of the largest genera of Araceae. In spite of the great economic interest in its glucomannan production, only a few studies have attempted to grasp the evolutionary history of this genus. In the current state of knowledge, four main clades, mostly linked to biogeographical delineation, have been identified from phylogenies based on a few genes. However, relationships among and within these clades still remain unclear, due to the rapid radiation that occurred during the early evolutionary history of the genus. Here, we generated genome skimming libraries for 43 specimens from 36 species distributed across the 4 clades, which allowed us to produce a phylogenetic matrix for a set of 71 plastid genes. Our phylogenies confirm the monophyly of these clades but show a new and well‐resolved arrangement among these clades. Our analyses therefore provide a new scenario and timeline for the evolution of the main Amorphophallus clades, consistent with the morphological characteristics of the clades. The inferred scenario is also in agreement with climate dynamics and the onset of long‐distance dispersal by the earliest migratory birds near the Oligocene/Miocene transition around 23 million years ago. Our study provides an up‐to‐date baseline to understand biogeographic and ecological processes that shaped the current diversity and distribution of Amorphophallus, paving the way for larger‐scale phylogenomic studies based on plastid and nuclear genomes.
Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea in children: a preliminary explorative study
Authors: Meira e Cruz Miguel , Salles Cristina , Seixas Luana , D′Elia Claudio , Rocha Isabel , Gozal David
Published: August 2022

Insomnia and sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) are prevalent sleep disorders. These disorders can therefore be concurrently present – comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA). The prevalence of COMISA in the paediatric age range is unclear. As such, phenotypic constructs should help better define this comorbid condition if it exists in children and improve both diagnostic sensitivity and ultimately clinical care outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of insomnia in children and adolescents referred for evaluation of sleep symptoms suggestive of SDB in one initial (Cohort#1) and verify such findings in an independent cohort (Cohort#2) using a retrospective cross‐sectional approach in patients aged 9–19 years presenting at a sleep centre to be evaluated for symptoms of SDB. Cohort #1 comprised 50 consecutive children (58% males; mean [SD] age 13.6 [3.3] years; median [interquartile range, IQR] Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 10 [6–12]) who were evaluated using validated SDB and insomnia questionnaires. Cohort#2 was extracted from electronic medical records and included 384 polysomnographically evaluated children (mean [SD] age 12.9 [3.6] years; mean [SD] body mass index z score 1.27 [0.28]; median Epworth Sleepiness Scale score 9.7 [4–17]). In Cohort #1, 56% were at high risk of SDB, 36% had insomnia alone, and 18% were at high risk of COMISA. The prevalence of COMISA in Cohort #2 was 16%, 72% had SDB alone, and 12% had insomnia alone. In both cohorts, COMISA manifested as increased propensity for sleepiness and fatigue during both waking and daytime. Thus, the presence of COMISA is frequent in the paediatric age range and accompanied by a more prominent symptomatic phenotype.
A Good Partisan? Ideology, Loyalty, and Public Evaluations of Members of Congress
Authors: Sheagley Geoffrey , Dancey Logan , Henderson John
Published: August 2022

In recent years, legislators from both parties have drawn attention for their public support or opposition to leading figures within their party, such as Donald Trump and Nancy Pelosi. Yet we know relatively little about the extent to which voters care about members' professed loyalty to party leaders, especially when compared to competing considerations such as members' policy positions. In two national survey experiments, we independently manipulate hypothetical Democratic and Republican legislators' ideological reputations and levels of support for a leading party figure. Through our experiments and a supplemental observational analysis, we find that partisans in the electorate do use information about support for or opposition to leading party figures as a basis for evaluating members of Congress. At the same time, the results reaffirm the importance voters attach to policy and ideological factors and suggest these considerations are not overwhelmed by partisan loyalty considerations.
Pre‐domestication bottlenecks of the cultivated seaweed Gracilaria chilensis
Authors: Huanel Oscar R. , Quesada‐Calderón Suany , Ríos Molina Cristian , Morales‐González Sarai , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Nelson Wendy A. , Arakaki Natalia , Mauger Stéphane , Faugeron Sylvain , Guillemin Marie‐Laure
Published: August 2022

Gracilaria chilensis is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile. The low genetic diversity observed in the Chilean populations has been associated with the over‐exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect that occurred during post‐glacial colonization from New Zealand. How these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming and incipient domestication is poorly understood. In this study, we used 2232 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess how the species' evolutionary history in New Zealand (its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent over‐exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic architecture of G. chilensis in Chile. The contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and structure observed between the two main islands in New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles on G. chilensis. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of over‐exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic diversity of G. chilensis prior to its cultivation, raising important challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently domesticated species.
Multiple mechanisms for overcoming lethal over‐initiation of DNA replication
Authors: Anderson Mary E. , Smith Janet L. , Grossman Alan D.
Published: August 2022

DNA replication is highly regulated and primarily controlled at the step of initiation. In bacteria, the replication initiator DnaA and the origin of replication oriC are the primary targets of regulation. Perturbations that increase or decrease replication initiation can cause a decrease in cell fitness. We found that multiple mechanisms, including an increase in replication elongation and a decrease in replication initiation, can compensate for lethal over‐initiation. We found that in Bacillus subtilis, under conditions of rapid growth, loss of yabA, a negative regulator of replication initiation, caused a synthetic lethal phenotype when combined with the dnaA1 mutation that also causes replication over‐initiation. We isolated several classes of suppressors that restored viability to dnaA1 ∆yabA double mutants. Some suppressors (relA, nrdR) stimulated replication elongation. Others (dnaC, cshA) caused a decrease in replication initiation. One class of suppressors decreased replication initiation in the dnaA1 ∆yabA mutant by causing a decrease in the amount of the replicative helicase, DnaC. We found that decreased levels of helicase in otherwise wild‐type cells were sufficient to decrease replication initiation during rapid growth, indicating that the replicative helicase is limiting for replication initiation. Our results highlight the multiple mechanisms cells use to regulate DNA replication.
Sulfate‐TOR signaling controls transcriptional reprogramming for shoot apex activation
Authors: Yu Yongdong , Zhong Zhaochen , Ma Liuyin , Xiang Chengbin , Chen Jie , Huang Xin‐Yuan , Xu Ping , Xiong Yan
Published: August 2022

Plants play a primary role for the global sulfur cycle in the earth ecosystems by reduction of inorganic sulfate from the soil to organic sulfur‐containing compounds. How plants sense and transduce the sulfate availability to mediate their growth remains largely unclear. The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of nutrient sensing and metabolic signaling to control cell proliferation and growth in all eukaryotes.

By tissue‐specific Western blotting and RNA‐sequencing analysis, we investigated sulfate‐TOR signal pathway in regulating shoot apex development.

Here, we report that inorganic sulfate exhibits high potency activating TOR and cell proliferation to promote true leaf development in Arabidopsis in a glucose‐energy parallel pathway. Genetic and metabolite analyses suggest that this sulfate activation of TOR is independent from the sulfate‐assimilation process and glucose‐energy signaling. Significantly, tissue specific transcriptome analyses uncover previously unknown sulfate‐orchestrating genes involved in DNA replication, cell proliferation and various secondary metabolism pathways, which largely depends on TOR signaling.

Systematic comparison between the sulfate‐ and glucose‐TOR controlled transcriptome further reveals that TOR kinase, as the central growth integrator, responds to different nutrient signals to control both shared and unique transcriptome networks, therefore, precisely modulates plant proliferation, growth and stress responses.
Preference of Orthopedic Practitioners Toward the Use of Topical Medicine for Musculoskeletal Pain Management in China: A National Survey
Authors: Mei Fengyao , Li Jiaojiao , Zhang Liyi , Gao Jiaxiang , Wang Bin , Zhou Qi , Xu Yuankun , Zhou Chi , Zhao Jiaguo , Li Pei , Zhao Yu , Yuan Ting , Fu Weili , Li Chuan , Jin Yinghui , Yang Pei , Xing Dan , Lin Jianhao
Published: August 2022

Objective

Musculoskeletal pain is having growing impacts worldwide with clinical challenge in pain management. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the preferences of orthopedic surgeons of China for using medicine in musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

A questionnaire was developed, including the following domains, personal information, medication preference for pain treatment, and perceptions of topical medicine. Ten participants were selected to confirm the consistency of questionnaire. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in orthopedic physicians with different specialties in different regions of China via the online survey platform. The participants' survey results were analyzed one‐way and multi‐way using chi‐square test and logistic regression.

Results

The pre‐survey analysis results of 10 randomly selected investigators were a mean weighted kappa coefficient of 0.76 (range 0.61–0.89), which indicated the substantial consistency of the present questionnaire. A total of 1099 orthopedic surgeons (mean age, 41.67 ± 8.31 years) responded to our survey, most of whom were male (90.72%), and most of whom worked in level III hospitals (63.24%) and trained in modern medicine (71.43%). Most surgeons who participated in the survey had used topical analgesics in their clinical work (95.81%), and most preferred to use topical analgesics (39.50%) or a combination of oral analgesics (28.87%). Primary reasons for preferring topical analgesics were as follows: less adverse reactions (68.01%); ease of use (60.90%); and not interfering with other oral medications (49.60%). The preference for prescribing topical analgesics increased with the education level of the respondent, where statistically significant differences were seen (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of the respondent's hospital, type of hospital, the respondent's profession, and their participation in surgical work influenced their preferences for topical analgesics (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Orthopedic surgeons across China have different medication preferences in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. The educational background of the physician largely influences the preference when selecting medications. To better improve the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, there is a need to improve the overall medical education of practitioners and to disseminate clinical practice guidelines.
The Effects of COVID‐19 on Geriatric Hip Fracture Management and 1‐Year Mortality in Beijing
Authors: Liu Gang , Yang Minghui , Li Ning , Li Shaoliang , Zhu Shiwen , Wu Xinbao
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Concerns about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges to the management of geriatric hip fractures. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID‐19 surge on the time to surgery and 1 year mortality in geriatric patients with hip fracture at a large, urban Level 1 trauma center in Beijing, and to guide the management of geriatric hip fracture patients throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective study included consecutive patients aged ≥65 years and injured 3 weeks prior to admission. Demographic and surgical data were collected between January 20 and May 31, 2020, and from the same period in 2019. Mortality data and functional status were collected at follow‐up of 1‐year after surgery. The primary outcomes were time to surgery and 1 year mortality.

Results

There were no significant differences in sex, fracture type, and surgical pattern between the 2020 (n = 261) and 2019 time‐matched (n = 307) cohorts. The time from admission to surgery was significantly delayed in the 2020 cohort compared with that in the 2019 cohort (48.9 h vs 20.5 h, p < 0.001). Fewer patients underwent surgery within 48 h in the 2020 cohort (65.5% vs 87.6%, p < 0.001). Surgical delay was also associated with an increased risk of inpatient complications (30.2% vs 20.8%, p = 0.010), however there was no significant difference in the 1‐year mortality rate, nor between pre‐injury and 1 year follow‐up mobility as assessed by Parker score. Only approximately half of the patients in both groups completely returned to their pre‐injury mobility levels.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly increased the surgery waiting time for geriatric patients with hip fractures, which resulted in increased inpatient complications without a higher mortality rate within 1 year. This reinforces the importance of maintaining timely and protocolized care for geriatric hip fractures throughout any subsequent waves of the pandemic.
Quality improvement and patient safety in China, present and future
Authors: Xu Wenyan , Zheng Jijian , Huang Yue , Zhang Mazhong
Published: August 2022

With continued political support and increased health financing, China has achieved great progress in medical and health quality during the two decades. The strategy to improve health in China is built on reliable cross‐sectoral information and data sharing along with quality improvement science and safety analytics balancing equitability, accessibility, quality outcomes, and safety in healthcare for everyone. As part of the healthcare system, pediatric anesthesiology has made great efforts to align with the China healthcare strategy to achieve quality outcomes, accessibility, and patient safety, but it still faces many problems such as unbalanced regional development, lack of awareness and relevant knowledge, and increased workload due to insufficient number of anesthesiologists. To address these problems, the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and Chinese Society for Pediatric Anesthesiology supported by the Chinese hospital associations are strengthening interregional cooperation and international collaboration. In our experience, quality improvement can be successfully implemented at major centers through collaboration with experienced international institutions. In turn, the major centers educate and collaborate with the district hospitals to empower local improvements in safety and quality. Since the science in QI and patient safety is relatively new to anesthesiology in China, such collaborations must be greatly scaled up to reach the large geography and patient population in China. While the future is promising, there is still a long way to go.
The fern economics spectrum is unaffected by the environment
Authors: Li Jinlong , Chen Xiaoping , Wu Panpan , Niklas Karl J. , Lu Yimiao , Zhong Quanlin , Hu Dandan , Cheng Lin , Cheng Dongliang
Published: August 2022

The plant economics spectrum describes the trade‐off between plant resource acquisition and storage, and sheds light on plant responses to environmental changes. However, the data used to construct the plant economics spectrum comes mainly from seed plants, thereby neglecting vascular non‐seed plant lineages such as the ferns. To address this omission, we evaluated whether a fern economics spectrum exists using leaf and root traits of 23 fern species living under three subtropical forest conditions differing in light intensity and nutrient gradients. The fern leaf and root traits were found to be highly correlated and formed a plant economics spectrum. Specific leaf mass and root tissue density were found to be on one side of the spectrum (conservative strategy), whereas photosynthesis rate, specific root area, and specific root length were on the other side of the spectrum (acquisitive strategy). Ferns had higher photosynthesis and respiration rates, and photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency under high light conditions and higher specific root area and lower root tissue density in high nutrient environments. However, environmental changes did not significantly affect their resource acquisition strategies. Thus, the plant economics spectrum can be broadened to include ferns, which expands its phylogenetic and ecological implications and utility.
Questionnaire survey on donor human milk programs targeting NICUs in Japan
Authors: Oda Ayaka , Mizuno Katsumi
Published: August 2022

Background

Since 2019, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) with access to human milk banks (HMBs) have increased in Japan. In this study, using a questionnaire survey, we explored an understanding of the purpose, status, and problems of donor human milk (DHM) use and the status of enteral nutrition (EN) in very‐low‐birthweight infants (VLBWIs) in NICUs with access to HMBs.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to 47 NICUs that had access to HMBs. Participants were surveyed from the begining of January to the end of February 2022.

Results

In total, 37 of 47 (78.9%) NICUs responded to the questionnaire. The most common indications for DHM were gestational age of less than 28 weeks (78.3%) and birthweight of less than 1500 g (100%). Informed consent was obtained from the physicians and most parents accepted DHM. All NICUs responded that EN for VLBWIs should start ideally within 24 h of birth, but in reality, nine NICUs (25%) and 18 NICUs (50%) began EN within 12 and 24 h of birth, respectively. Additionally, seven of the nine NICUs that started EN within 12 h after birth routinely used DHM for VLBWIs. For infants with birthweights of 1000–1499 g, it was not uncommon to start EN within 24 h of birth with formula milk.

Conclusion

All NICUs responded that the indication for DHM was very‐low birthweight and that such infants would receive health benefits from DHM. In Japan, there is a trend of starting EN early in VLBWIs. Accessibility to HMB may be important for starting EN within 24 h of birth.
Pricing on‐demand services: Alternative ways of combining usage and access fees
Authors: Gangwar Manish , Bhargava Hemant K.
Published: August 2022

Many firms are adopting an “everything or anything” as a service—“XaaS”—model to sell goods and value‐added services. Buyers for such goods are heterogeneous both in the number of units they desire and the valuations for each unit. Suppliers designing such revenue models can offer either a usage‐based per‐unit fee or an access‐based per‐period fee, often combining them both as a nonlinear two‐part tariff plan that imposes both types of fees on all buyers or let buyers self‐select from a menu of per‐unit and per‐period plans. We develop a theoretical model to analyze the economic implications of alternative designs for mixing per‐unit and per‐period fees. Our analysis produces the following practical insights on these plans' profitability and market coverage. First, the menu is generally a better way of combining access and usage fees for a firm selling digital goods with zero variable costs. Second, the preferred design switches to a two‐part tariff if the firm's production environment resells or runs on top of a back‐end infrastructure or data service provider that imposes nonnegligible variable costs. Third, we show that the revenue advantage of these two designs (which employ both fees) over a simple plan that employs only one fee (best of per unit and per period) is most significant when the rate of change in marginal valuation is relatively similar across buyers.
Bid price controls for car rental network revenue management
Authors: Li Dong , Pang Zhan , Qian Lixian
Published: August 2022

We consider a car rental network revenue management (RM) problem, accounting for the key operational characteristics of car rental services such as the varying length of rentals and mobility of inventories, which imply the intertemporal and spatial correlations of rental demands for inventories across different locations and days. The problem is formulated as an infinite‐horizon cyclic stochastic dynamic program to account for the time‐varying and cyclic nature of car rental businesses. To tackle the curse of dimensionality, we propose a Lagrangian relaxation (LR) approach with product‐ and time‐dependent Lagrangian multipliers to decomposing the dynamic network problem into multiple single‐station single‐day subproblems. We show that the Lagrangian dual problem is a convex program and then develop a subgradient‐based algorithm to solve the dual problem and derive an LR‐based bid price policy. To improve the scalability of the LR approach, we further propose three simpler LR‐based bid price policy variants with either location‐dependent or leadtime‐dependent Lagrangian multipliers, or both. Our numerical study indicates that the LR‐based bid price policies can outperform some commonly used heuristics. Using a set of real‐world booking data, we provide a case study in which we empirically demonstrate the operational characteristics of car rental services, calibrate the arrival process of booking requests using a Poisson regression model, and demonstrate that the LR‐based bid price policies indeed outperform other heuristics consistently in both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample horizons.
Longitudinal mediation by perceived burden of the pathway from thwarted belonging to suicidal ideation
Authors: Lin Chao‐Cheng , Linscott Richard J.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Whereas the interpersonal theory of suicide entails the assumption that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are equally important, mutually moderating, proximal causes of active ideation, evidence suggests these may not be co‐moderating processes. We tested an alternative perspective, hypothesizing that burden mediates the longitudinal relationship of thwarted belonging with active ideation.

Methods

A 6‐week, four‐wave prospective online survey was completed by 298 undergraduates. We tested cross‐sectional and cross‐lagged panel models (CLPM, with and without random effects) with belonging, burden, and ideation at 2‐week lags, and post hoc models with burden as a concurrent mediator of ideation.

Results

Approximately 28% of undergraduates reported active ideation at baseline. Cross‐sectionally, thwarted belonging had no direct influence on ideation but indirectly affected ideation via burden. This result was not confirmed in the 2‐week CLPM analyses. In post hoc analyses, we found belonging operated indirectly via later burden to influence contemporaneous ideation.

Conclusions

Findings suggest thwarted belonging influences active ideation indirectly via perceived burden. The effect of burden as a mediator appears to depend on its temporal proximity to ideation. Future research should delimit the period during which perceived burden is an active mediator, accommodate dual‐process approaches, and explore other mediation alternatives to co‐moderation.
Validations of the Farsi versions of the depressive symptom inventory suicidality subscale (F‐DSI‐SS) and suicide rumination scale (F‐SRS) among Iranian college students
Authors: Sahlan Reza N. , Grunewald William , Smith April R.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Suicidal thoughts are relatively common among college students in Iran. However, measures frequently used to assess suicidality or specific aspects of suicidal ideation in the United States have yet to be validated in Iran. Thus, the present study validated Farsi versions of the Depressive Symptom Inventory Suicidality Subscale (F‐DSI‐SS) and Suicide Rumination Scale (F‐SRS) among Iranian college students.

Methods

College students (N = 1043; 88.1% women) completed the F‐DSI‐SS. Forty‐six percent (n = 481) of participants reported the presence of suicidal thoughts and were eligible to fill out the F‐SRS. Analyses focused on validating the factor structure, construct, and convergent validity of the F‐DSI‐SS and F‐SRS among college students, as well as testing measurement invariance by gender of the F‐DSI‐SS.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the F‐DSI‐SS and F‐SRS had good fit to the data and each displayed a one‐factor structure. Furthermore, the F‐DSI‐SS showed strong measurement invariance across genders. Internal consistency of the F‐DSI‐SS and F‐SRS was good. Lastly, the F‐DSI‐SS and F‐SRS's items and their total scores were intercorrelated and demonstrated good convergent validity.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the F‐DSI‐SS and F‐SRS will enable researchers to examine suicidal thoughts and suicide‐specific rumination in Iran.
Risk factors of suicidal behaviors in ahigh‐risklongitudinal veteran sample: A network analysis
Authors: Saulnier Kevin G. , Volarov Marija , Velimirović Mina , Bauer Brian W. , Kolnogorova Kateryna , Ashrafioun Lisham , Stecker Tracy , Allan Nicholas P.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Suicide is a substantial public health burden, particularly among veterans. Risk factors have been delineated for suicide; however, the dynamic interrelations between risk factors have not been fully examined. Such research has the potential to elucidate processes that contribute to suicide risk between individuals with a past suicide attempt (attempters) and those without a past suicide attempt (nonattempters).

Methods

In the current study, network analysis was used to compare networks between attempters and nonattempters in a high‐risk veteran sample (N = 770;Mage = 32.3 years, SD = 6.8; 326 with a past suicide attempt) who were followed over 1 year. Networks were estimated to examine (1) concurrent relations of suicide risk factors at baseline and (2) predictability of prospective suicidal behavior (SB).

Results

There were no differences in the overall connectivity of attempter and nonattempter networks. Perceived burdensomeness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were most central in the attempters' network, whereas PTSD symptoms and insomnia were most central in the nonattempters' network. The risk factors prospective SB in either network. However, attempters were more likely to engage in SB over the course of the study.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the difficulty in predicting who will attempt suicide.
A LRRK2/dLRRK‐mediated lysosomal pathway that contributes to glial cell death and DA neuron survival
Authors: Wang Linfang , Wang Honglei , Yi Shuanglong , Zhang Shiping , Ho Margaret S.
Published: August 2022

Mutations in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. A plethora of evidence has indicated a role for LRRK2 in endolysosomal trafficking in neurons, while LRRK2 function in glia, although highly expressed, remains largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that LRRK2/dLRRK mediates a lysosomal pathway that contributes to glial cell death and the survival of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. LRRK2/dLRRK knockdown in the immortalized microglia or flies results in enlarged and swelling lysosomes fewer in number. These lysosomes are less mobile, wrongly acidified, exhibit defective membrane permeability and reduced activity of the lysosome hydrolase cathepsin B. In addition, LRRK2/dLRRK depletion causes glial apoptosis, DA neurodegeneration, and locomotor deficits in an age‐dependent manner. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a functional role of LRRK2/dLRRK in regulating the glial lysosomal pathway; deficits in lysosomal biogenesis and function linking to glial apoptosis potentially underlie the mechanism of DA neurodegeneration, providing insights on LRRK2/dLRRK function in normal and pathological brains.
Impairment in maximal lactate steady state after carbon monoxide inhalation is related to training status
Authors: Kontro Hilkka , Bertagnolli Craig , Murias Juan M. , MacInnis Martin J.
Published: August 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What is the effect of an elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentration following carbon monoxide inhalation on the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in humans and is this effect dependent on aerobic fitness?

What is the main finding and its importance?

An elevated COHb concentration intensified physiological responses to exercise at the MLSS – including heart rate, ventilation and peripheral fatigue – in general and reduced the MLSS (i.e., destabilized the blood lactate concentration) in trained but not untrained males and females.

This study investigated whether a lower effective [Hb], induced by carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation, reduces the peak oxygen uptake () and the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and whether training status explains individual variation in these impairments. Healthy young participants completed two ramp incremental tests (n = 20, 10 female) and two trials at MLSS (n = 16, eight female) following CO rebreathe tests and sham procedures (SHAM) in random orders. All fitness variables were normalized to fat‐free mass (FFM) to account for sex‐related differences in body composition, and males and females were matched for aerobic fitness. The (mean (SD): −4.2 (3.7)%), peak power output (PPO) (−3.3 (2.2)%) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) (−6.3 (4.5)%) were reduced in CO compared with SHAM (P < 0.001 for all), but the gas exchange threshold (−3.3 (7.1)%) was not (P = 0.077). Decreases in (r = −0.45; P = 0.047) and PPO (r = −0.49; P = 0.029) in CO were correlated with baseline aerobic fitness. Compared to SHAM, physiological and perceptual indicators of exercise‐related stress were exacerbated by CO while cycling at MLSS. Notably, the mean blood lactate concentration ([La]) increased (i.e., Δ[La] >1.0 mM) between 10 min (5.5 (1.4) mM) and 30 min (6.8 (1.3) mM; P = 0.026) in CO, with 9/16 participants classified as unstable. These unstable participants had a higher (66.2 (8.5) vs. 56.4 (8.8) ml kg FFM−1 min−1, P = 0.042) and at MLSS (55.8 (7.0) vs. 44.3 (7.0) ml kg FFM−1 min−1, P = 0.006) compared to the stable group. In conclusion, a reduced O2‐carrying capacity decreased maximal and submaximal exercise performance, with higher aerobic fitness associated with greater impairments in both.