bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is conduction system pacing more effective than right ventricular pacing in reducing atrial high-rate episodes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction?
Authors: Chen Ying , Ma Zhu-Lin , Liu Fei , Wang Nan , Ma Yue-Yang , Guan Zi-An , Zhe Zhuang-Chuan , Xia Yun-Long , Dong Ying-Xue
Published: December 2024

Background

The relationship between conduction system pacing (CSP) and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) following CSP in patients with HFpEF, in comparison to right ventricular pacing (RVP).

Methods

Patients with HFpEF who received dual-chamber pacemakers for atrioventricular block were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to January 2023. Both new-onset and progressive AHREs were recorded, along with other clinical data, including cardiac performance and lead outcomes.

Results

A total of 498 patients were enrolled, comprising 387 patients with RVP and 111 patients with CSP, with a follow-up duration of 44.42 ± 10.41 months. In patients without a prior history of AF, CSP was associated with a significantly lower incidence of new-onset AHREs when the percentage of ventricular pacing was ≥20% (9.52% vs. 29.70%, P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, CSP exhibited a lower hazard ratio for new-onset AHREs compared to RVP (HR 0.336; [95% CI: 0.142–0.795]; P = 0.013), alongside left atrial diameter (LAD) (HR 1.109; [95% CI: 1.048–1.173]; P < 0.001). In patients with a history of AF, the progression of AHREs in CSP and RVP did not differ significantly (32.35% vs. 34.75%, P = 0.791). Cardiac performance metrics, including left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (49.09 ± 4.28 mm vs. 48.08 ± 4.72 mm; P = 0.015), LAD (40.68 ± 5.49 mm vs. 39.47 ± 5.24 mm; P = 0.001), and NYHA class (2.31 ± 0.46 vs. 1.59 ± 0.73; P < 0.001), improved obviously following CSP, while LVEDD (48.37 ± 4.57 mm vs. 49.30 ± 5.32 mm; P < 0.001), LAD (39.77 ± 4.58 mm vs. 40.83 ± 4.80 mm; P < 0.001), NYHA class (2.24 ± 0.43 vs. 2.35 ± 0.83; P = 0.018), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (57.41 ± 2.42 vs. 54.24 ± 6.65; P < 0.001) deteriorated after RVP.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that CSP may be associated with improvements in cardiac performance and a reduction in new-onset AHREs compared to RVP in patients with HFpEF. However, prospective randomized trials are anticipated to confirm these potential benefits.
Activation characteristics of Ty3-retrotransposons after spaceflight and genetic stability of insertion sites in rice progeny
Authors: Yang Qing , Chen Lishan , Zhang Meng , Wang Wei , Zhang Binquan , Zhou Dazhuang , Sun Yeqing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The space environment is mutagenic and may induce genomic and phenotypic variations. Exploring the changes in transposon activity in the rice genome under space radiation is of great significance.

Methods

To analyze the activation characteristics of Ty3-retrotransposons and genetic stability of insertion sites in rice progeny after spaceflight, seeds of Nipponbare, DN416, and DN423 were exposed on board the SJ-10 recoverable satellite for 12.5 days. The differential methylation and transcription levels of Ty3-retrotransposons in the genome of Nipponbare's F0 generation after spaceflight, as well as the genetic stability of Ty3-retrotransposon insertion sites in DN416 and DN423 from F3 to F5 generations, was analyzed.

Results

The study found that the retrotransposons of ancient and young transposon families underwent demethylation from the tillering to heading stages of Nipponbare plants, which were F0 generation of space-exposed seeds, when the Nipponbare seeds were hit by single space high charge and energy (HZE) particles with LET ≥ 100 keV/μm. the transcription levels significantly increased in ancient transposon families (osr30, osr40, and rire10) and young transposon families (dagul, rn215-125, osr37, RLG_15, osr34, rire8, rire3, rire2, and hopi) (p ≤ 0.05) when LET > 100 keV/μm. Furthermore, the young Ty3-retrotransposons, which included the hopi, squiq, dasheng, rire2, rire3, rire8, osr34, rn_215-125, dagul, and RLG_15 families, underwent 1 to 8 transpositions in the F3 to F5 of DN416 and DN423 mutants, and some of these transposon insertion sites were stably inherited.

Discussion

The research holds great significance for understanding the activation characteristics of Ty3-retrotransposons in the rice genome induced by space radiation and the genetic characteristics of transposon insertion sites in its progeny.
Increasing plant diversity enhances soil organic carbon storage in typical wetlands of northern China
Authors: Liu Hua-Bing , Yang Li-Ping , Gao Jun-Qin , Li Qian-Wei , Li Xing-Li , Feng Jiu-Ge , Yu Fei-Hai
Published: December 2024

Soil organic carbon plays an important role in climate change mitigation, and can be strongly affected by plant diversity. Although a positive effect of plant diversity on soil organic carbon storage has been confirmed in grasslands and forests, it remains unclear whether this effect exists in wetlands. In this study, we investigated plant diversity, soil properties and soil organic carbon across five typical wetlands of northern China, to test the effect of plant diversity on soil organic carbon and clarified the regulators. Increasing plant diversity significantly increased belowground biomass of wetland plant communities, and both soil organic carbon content and storage were significantly positively related to wetland plant diversity. The positive effect of plant diversity was influenced by belowground biomass of wetland plant communities, soil microbial biomass carbon, and soil properties, especially soil water content and bulk density. The structural equation model showed that soil organic carbon storage was dominantly affected by microbial biomass carbon, plant diversity and biomass, with standardized total effects of 0.66 and 0.47, respectively, and there was a significant positive relationship between soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon. These results suggest that increasing plant diversity can potentially promote the ability of wetlands to store organic carbon in soils. The findings highlight the importance of plant diversity on soil organic carbon in wetland ecosystems, and have implications for managing wetlands to increase carbon sinks and to mitigate global climate change.
A systematic review on career interventions for high school students
Authors: Wang Danqi , Li Yanling , Wang Gang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study presents a systematic literature review of career interventions for high school students, exploring the theoretical framework, intervention modality, evaluation and outcomes of the intervention.

Methods

Five keywords, three databases and five inclusion criteria were defined. Of the 419 documents collected, 25 remained for meta-synthesis.

Results

The results showed that (1) the theoretical framework mainly consisted of career construct theory, social cognitive career theory, and cognitive information processing theory. (2) The intervention modality was mainly group counseling (8 sessions, 45 min). (3) The evaluation system mainly consisted of a pre-and post-test for the experimental and control group, and (4) the intervention outcomes were mainly focused on the positive development of career adaptability and career decision-making.

Discussion

The discussion offers recommendations for future research and practice in high school career interventions. (1) Social cognitive career theory should be given attention. (2) A three-tiered high school career development guidance model of career curriculum, career group counseling and individual counseling could be developed. (3) Career interventions should be shifted to mixed quantitative and qualitative studies, tracer studies, and special groups. (4) Outcome expectations should be given equal attention.
The Ukrainian version of the Perceived Injustice Questionnaire: A psychometric evaluation
Authors: Weigelt Anna , Kizilhan Jan Ilhan
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Perceived injustice is increasingly recognized as a key factor influencing mental health in war survivors. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Ukrainian translation of the Perceived Injustice Questionnaire (PIQ) among individuals directly exposed to the war in Ukraine.

Methods

170 war-exposed Ukrainians completed the Ukrainian PIQ and measures of post-traumatic tress disorder (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), and potentially traumatic life events (LEC-5). Internal consistency, factor structure, and criterion validity were assessed.

Results

While the factor structure of the English version could not be reproduced, indicating an issue with factor validity in the Ukrainian version, the Ukrainian PIQ demonstrated strong correlations with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (r = .71, p <.01), moderate associations with depression (r = .62, p <.01) and generalized anxiety disorder (r = .61, p <.01), and a weaker link with potentially traumatic life events (PTLEs, r = .35, p <.01). It significantly predicted PTSD, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms beyond PTLE exposure, explaining 33% of variance in depression, 31% in GAD, and 45% in PTSD These findings provide evidence supporting the construct validity of the PIQ in terms of its relationships with mental health outcomes. The Ukrainian PIQ also demonstrated excellent overall reliability (α = .90), with factor reliabilities ranging from α = .74 to α = .81.

Conclusions

The Ukrainian version of the PIQ demonstrates promising psychometric properties and emerges as a highly significant correlate of mental health outcomes. This underscores its potential utility in clinical practice for assessing the treatment needs of Ukrainians affected by the consequences of war. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of developing therapy modules specifically tailored to address perceived injustice. Further research is warranted to investigate the cross-cultural adaptability and comparability of the PIQ.
Genotypes and drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Alemayehu Alem , Wassie Liya , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Adnew Bethlehem , Neway Sebsib , Tefera Dessalegn Abeje , Ayalew Sosina , Hailu Elena , Ayele Samuel , Seyoum Berhanu , Bobosha Kidist , Abebe Markos , Aseffa Abraham , Petros Beyene , Howe Rawleigh
Published: December 2024

Background

Clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (CDPTB) patients account for a huge proportion of TB. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) strains in this group of patients.

Method

Unmatched case–control study was conducted among 313 PTB patients to compare the genetic diversity of MTBC and their drug resistance profiles among CDPTB (n = 173) and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB (BCPTB) (n = 140) patients. Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) culture, geneXpert and acid fast staining were performed on sputum specimen collected from both CDPTB and BCPTB patients. Spoligotyping, whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic drug resistance testing (DST) were done for a subset of LJ grown MTBC isolates. Data was analyzed by STATA version 17 software and a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The proportion of lineage 3 was larger among CDPTB patients (31%, 13/42) compared to BCPTB patients (15%, 11/74) (p-value <0.05). A higher proportion of MTBC isolates from CDPTB 16.6% (3/18) were phenotypically resistant to one or more anti-TB drugs than BCPTB 12% (4/33) (p-value >0.05). A single lineage 3 strain resistant to all the primary anti-TB drugs was detected in one CDPTB by both DST methods.

Conclusion

The observed differences in the genotypes of MTBC isolates between CDPTB and BCPTB patients may be attributed to challenges in the identification of CDPTB that requires further investigation on sequenced genome of the MTBC strains for better understanding and recommendation based on the current finding. There was also primary drug resistant TB among culture positive CDPTB patients which would be otherwise missed by current national protocols.
Dietary diversity and development among early childhood children in rural China
Authors: Qin Yanyan , Yue Ai , Zhang Yali , Zhang Xinyue , Gao Yuan , Liang Shibin , Song Qiannan , Qiao Na
Published: December 2024

Background

Early childhood is a critical period for cognitive development, heavily influenced by nutrition. Despite significant economic advancements, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies persist in many low- and middle-income countries, including China, where dietary diversity remains suboptimal. Existing research predominantly relies on correlational data, underscoring the need for more rigorous empirical evidence. This study aims to fill that gap by providing stronger empirical evidence on the relationship between dietary diversity and developmental outcomes in rural Chinese children.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 1,207 children aged 6–23 months, drawn from 100 villages across 22 counties in rural China, with three follow-up rounds extending until the children reached 51–83 months of age. Cognitive and non-cognitive development, as well as key health indicators, were evaluated. Cognitive development was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Fourth Edition. Non-cognitive development was assessed via the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Health indicators included anemia, frequency of illness in the past 2 weeks, and four key anthropometric measures (height-for-age z-scores, weight-for-age z-scores, weight-for-height z-scores, and body mass index-for-age z-scores). Multiple linear regression models were applied to analyze the relationship between dietary diversity scores (DDS) and developmental outcomes, incorporating child fixed effects and adjustments for time-variant confounders. We accounted for the hierarchical structure of the data by clustering standard errors at the village level, which also reflects the township level.

Results

The regression analysis identified significant positive associations between DDS and cognitive (p < 0.01), as well as reduced illness incidence (p < 0.001) in children aged 6–54 months. Additionally, DDS demonstrated a strong positive effect on non-cognitive development (p < 0.001) in children 2 years and older. The associations between DDS, non-cognitive development (p < 0.01), and illnesses reduction (p < 0.001) remained robust under two-way fixed effects models.

Implications

To promote sustainable improvements in child development and health, policymakers should prioritize nutrition-focused interventions in rural areas. Community-based programs offering caregivers training and nutritional support, integrated within healthcare and social services infrastructures, are vital for ensuring families have the necessary resources enhance child wellbeing and long-term developmental outcomes.
The multilayer semantic network structure of community tensions
Authors: Randazzo Casey , Shugars Sarah , Acosta Rachel M. , Doerfel Marya
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Semantic network analysis is an important tool researchers can use to untangle the knots of tension that arise as communities debate and discuss complex issues. Yet words connect not only to each other in community discourse but to larger themes or issues.

Methods

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of multilayer analysis for the study of semantic networks, helping to unravel connections within and between community tensions. In examining knotted tensions that arise in the wake of disaster, this study also spotlights how climate disasters exacerbate issues like housing equity, disproportionately affecting lower-income communities. We examine discourse across eight months of online neighborhood threads about community issues in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida. We identify core tensions related to environmental sustainability, overdevelopment, neighborhood identity preservation, and economic vitality. Our within-tension analysis reveals the community's struggle with such dilemmas, while our between-tension analysis shows the interconnectedness of these issues. Our approach highlights which stakeholders are best positioned to address specific community problems.

Results

The findings challenge the conventional top-down disaster response narrative, proposing a theoretically informed method for employing semantic network analysis to examine community crises. Through this work, we extend organizational communication theories of knotted tensions, offering a nuanced lens to community discourse in the face of wicked problems.
Exploring links between oral health and infective endocarditis
Authors: Falconer Joseph Luke , Rajani Ronak , Androshchuk Vitaliy , Yogarajah Amieth , Greenbury Rebecca A. , Ismail Ayden , Oh Natasha , Nibali Luigi , D’Agostino Eleanor M. , Sousa Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial infection of the heart's inner lining. A low incidence rate combined with a high mortality rate mean that IE can be difficult to treat effectively. There is currently substantial evidence supporting a link between oral health and IE with the oral microbiome impacting various aspects of IE, including pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and mortality rates. The oral microbiome is highly diverse and plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health by providing protective functions. However, when dysbiosis occurs, conditions such as periodontal or peri-implant disease can arise, offering a pathway for bacteraemia to develop. The role of the oral microbiome as a coloniser, facilitator and driver of IE remains to be uncovered by next-generation sequencing techniques. Understanding the dysbiosis and ecology of the oral microbiome of IE patients will allow improvements into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease. Furthermore, an increased awareness amongst those at high-risk of developing IE may encourage improved oral hygiene methods and lower incidence rates. This narrative review examines current findings on the relationship between oral health and IE. It draws from key studies on both topics, with manuscripts selected for their pertinence to the subject. It highlights the link between the oral microbiome and IE by exploring diagnostic techniques and treatments for IE caused by oral commensals.
Sexual decision-making: an exploratory interview study of Cambodian adolescents
Authors: Park Gloria , Yang Youngran
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The rate of sexual activity among adolescents is very high, with serious repercussions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases. Understanding the factors that influence adolescents’ engagement in sexual activity is crucial for promoting healthy sexual attitudes and behaviors in schools, sex education programs, communities, and families. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing sexual decision-making among Cambodian adolescents.

Methods

In accordance with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR), this study used a descriptive qualitative methodology with individual interviews. The participants in the study were 30 Cambodian adolescents (15 males and 15 females) who were all unmarried and sexually active. They were recruited using various methods, including social networking services, and interviewed to explore their sexual decision-making processes.

Results

The analysis revealed that the decision-making process was influenced by both internal and external factors. Internal factors included sexually explicit Internet material and arousal from sexy outfits, while external factors included foreign vs. Khmer culture, the surrounding environment including community, peers, and family, and educational advice received at school. Gender differences were noted in responses to stimuli like sexy outfits and perceptions of cultural norms.

Conclusions

This study underscores the complexity of adolescent sexual decision-making in Cambodia. It highlights the need for sex education that is not only comprehensive but also culturally sensitive, addressing the diverse influences on these adolescents. Future research should include a broader demographic group, including rural adolescents, to gain more comprehensive insights.

Implications for practice

This study uncovers how cultural norms, peers, and the media impact sexual behaviors, emphasizing the significant gender differences in these aspects. The findings shed light on the necessity of culturally sensitive and comprehensive sex education and the urgent need for tailored approaches to health promotion and education.
Towards SDG 7: Creating Super-Flames With Electricity to Power a Sustainable Society
Authors: Lacoste Deanna A. , Alicherif Mhedine
Published: December 2024

For the past few decades, the number of people on Earth has been increasing, making it even more difficult to meet everyone’s vital needs. To live our lives, we need to eat, keep warm, and move around. All these actions require energy. Many of the technologies we use nowadays require energy, too. The problem is that most of today’s energy comes from burning coal, oil, and gas, which is bad for the planet. This is why the United Nations created Sustainable Development Goal 7, aimed to provide access to affordable, clean, sustainable, and modern energy for all. In this article, you will learn about plasma-assisted combustion, a new way of creating a sustainable energy source. By having better energy sources, we can help all people live better lives, while protecting our planet at the same time.
Case Report: Surgical management of medial collateral ligament calcification
Authors: You Yihang , Li Zhenhua , Guo Jie , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2024

Calcification is a self-limiting disease, characterized by the deposition of calcium, causing severe pain, swelling, and movement disorder. It is mainly found in the shoulder joint but has also been reported in other joints such as the wrist, hip, knee, foot, and ankle. However, calcification of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) has been rarely reported. The patient was a 47-year-old female without any trauma, whose chief complaint was pain and impaired flexion–extension of the affected knee joint. The diagnosis was calcification of the MCL, subsequently demonstrated by imaging examination. Conservative treatment was initially attempted, followed by arthroscopic surgery, and the postoperative pathological results confirmed the calcified tendon. The patient had a favorable prognosis 1 month after the procedure. This study demonstrates that arthroscopic surgery can result in effective and swift recovery of clinical outcomes for patients with calcification of the MCL.
Non-invasive scalp recording of electroencephalograms and evoked potentials in unanesthetized horses using a 12-channel active electrode array
Authors: Itoh Kosuke , Kikumura Norihide , Maeda Tamao , Hirata Satoshi , Ringhofer Monamie
Published: December 2024

Despite the long history of the horse-human bond, our understanding of the brain and mind of horses remains limited due to the lack of methods to investigate their brain functions. This study introduces a novel methodology for completely non-invasive, multi-channel recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials in awake horses to examine equine auditory cortical processing. The new approach utilizes specially designed brush-shaped active electrodes that facilitate stable signal acquisition through the hair coat by penetrating electrode pins and integrated pre-amplifiers. A 12-channel electrode array provided greater scalp coverage than prior work. As a proof of concept, clear cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in response to sound onsets and offsets. The equine CAEP waveform morphology resembled the human P1-N1-P2-N2 complex, although the latencies were shorter than typical human values. The CAEP amplitudes were maximal at centroparietal electrodes, contrasting with the frontocentral distribution seen in humans, potentially explained by differences in auditory cortex orientation between species. This non-invasive multi-electrode method enables the evaluation of cognitive abilities, normal and abnormal brain functions, and advances scientific understanding of the equine mind. It offers potential widespread applications for recording EEGs and evoked potentials in awake horses and other medium-to-large mammalian species.
Effects of breed and early feeding on intestinal microbiota, inflammation markers, and behavior of broiler chickens
Authors: Marcato Francesca , Schokker Dirkjan , Kar Soumya Kanti , Bossers Alex , Harders Frank , Rebel Johanna M. J. , Jansen Christine A. , van der Valk Elianne , Kruijt Leo , te Beest Dennis Elbert , de Jong Ingrid C.
Published: December 2024

Recently, the Netherlands has shifted toward more welfare-friendly broiler production systems using slower-growing broiler breeds. Early post-hatch feeding (EF) is a dietary strategy that is currently used in commercial broiler production to modulate the gut microbiota and improve performance and welfare. However, there is a knowledge gap in how both breed and EF and their interplay affect gut microbiota composition and diversity, inflammatory status, and broiler behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of breed (fast vs. slower-growing), EF, and their interaction on jejunum microbiota, inflammation, and behavior of broiler chickens. The study included a total of 416 Ross 308 and 416 Hubbard JA757 day-old male broiler chickens, observed until they were 37 days and 51 days old, respectively. Within each breed, one-half of the chickens received EF and the other half did not. A total of two chickens per pen were euthanized at two time points, that is, target body weight (BW) of 200 g and 2.5 kg, and jejunum samples were collected. The jejunum content samples (N = 96) were analyzed for their microbiota, whereas the jejunum tissue (N = 96) was used for the detection of mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-17, IL-22, and IFNγ). Two behavioral tests were performed to assess fear responses: (1) a novel environment test at a target BW of 200 g and (2) a tonic immobility test at a target BW of 2.5 kg. Breed affected the microbiota at a target BW of 2.5 kg (p = 0.04). A breed × EF interaction (p = 0.02) was present for IFNγ at a target BW of 200 g. During the novel environment test, Ross 308 chickens exhibited a shorter latency to vocalize and a higher number of vocalizations compared to Hubbard JA757 chickens (p < 0.05). Early-fed broiler chickens vocalized less compared to not early-fed chickens (Δ = −27.8 on average; p < 0.01). During the tonic immobility test, Hubbard JA757 chickens exhibited a shorter latency to stand compared to Ross 308 chickens. In conclusion, using a slower-growing breed has beneficial effects on gut microbiota and fear responses of broilers, especially at slaughter age, whereas EF seems to have an impact only at an early stage of the life of broilers.
Three Decades of Adolescent Health: Unveiling Global Trends Across 41 Countries in Psychological and Somatic Complaints (1994–2022)
Authors: Schrijvers Karen , Cosma Alina , Potrebny Thomas , Thorsteinsson Einar , Catunda Carolina , Reiss Franziska , Hulbert Sabina , Kostičová Michaela , Melkumova Marina , Bersia Michela , Klanšček Helena Jeriček , Gaspar Tania , Dierckens Maxim
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study examined (non-)monotonic time trends in psychological and somatic complaints among adolescents, along with gender differences.

Methods

Repeated cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data from 1994 to 2022 covering 15-year-old adolescents from 41 countries (N = 470,797) were analysed. Three polynomial logistic regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic) were tested for best fit, including separate analyses by gender and health complaints dimension.

Results

Time trend patterns varied by gender and health complaints dimension. Increases were found in 82.3% of cases (linear 25%, quadratic U-shaped 28.7%, cubic 28.7%), while 14% showed no clear trend, and 3.7% decreased. Boys typically showed linear increases or no clear trend over time, whereas girls generally showed cubic or U-shaped trends. Psychological complaints often displayed U-shaped or cubic patterns, whereas somatic complaints mostly showed linear increases.

Conclusion

Psychological and somatic complaints demonstrated diverse time trend patterns across countries, with non-monotonic patterns (U-shaped and cubic) frequently observed alongside linear increases. These findings highlight the complexity of changes within countries over three decades, suggesting that linear modelling may not effectively capture this heterogeneity.
Rapid Antibacterial Assessments for Plastic and Textile Materials Against Escherichia coli
Authors: Luk Anson M. Y. , Luk Adrian M. H. , Chiou Jiachi Amber , Ho Man-Yi , Ngai Chi-Man , Kan Chi-Wai
Published: December 2024

Background: Standard test methods for evaluating the antibacterial performance of plastic (non-porous) and textile (porous) materials are accurate and reliable, but completing a standard assessment generally requires at least several days to a week. Well-trained and experienced technicians are also required to conduct the standard tests consistently and analyse the samples and test results systemically. These costs are often not favourable for the performance assurance of antimicrobial products in industrial production, nor for meeting the fast-return demands in research and development of antimicrobial materials nowadays. Methods: In this study, “Rapid Tests” are developed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of plastic and textile materials. Results: The assessment results from Rapid Tests for plastics and textiles are highly correlated to those from the ISO 22196 and the AATCC Test Method 100, respectively, whereas the evaluation operation can be completed within one day. Based on bioluminescence technology, colony-forming units of E. coli from the inoculated specimens are determined via luminometry. Antibacterial efficacy of the treated plastic and textile samples can be examined effectively. Conclusions: By analysing antimicrobial artificial leather samples composed of hydrophilic polyurethane polymer using Rapid Tests for plastics and textiles, the applicability and scope of these tests were remarkedly recognised and verified.
Local Electric Field-Incorporated In-Situ Copper Ions Eliminating Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Drinking Water
Authors: Li Ruiqing , Dai Haojie , Wang Wei , Peng Rulin , Yu Shenbo , Zhang Xueying , Huo Zheng-Yang , Yuan Qingbin , Luo Yi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pathogen inactivation and harmful gene destruction from water just before drinking is the last line of defense to protect people from waterborne diseases. However, commonly used disinfection methods, such as chlorination, ultraviolet irradiation, and membrane filtration, experience several challenges such as continuous chemical dosing, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and intensive energy consumption. Methods: Here, we perform a simultaneous elimination of pathogens and ARGs in drinking water using local electric fields and in-situ generated trace copper ions (LEF-Cu) without external chemical dosing. A 100-μm thin copper wire placed in the center of a household water pipe can generate local electric fields and trace copper ions near its surface after an external low voltage is applied. Results: The local electric field rapidly damages the outer structure of microorganisms through electroporation, and the trace copper ions can effectively permeate the electroporated microorganisms, successfully damaging their nucleic acids. The LEF-Cu disinfection system achieved complete inactivation (>6 log removal) of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and bacteriophage MS2 in drinking water at 2 V for 2 min, with low energy consumption (10−2 kWh/m3). Meanwhile, the system effectively damages both intracellular (0.54~0.64 log) and extracellular (0.5~1.09 log) ARGs and blocks horizontal gene transfer. Conclusions: LEF-Cu disinfection holds promise for preventing horizontal gene transfer and providing safe drinking water for household applications.
An Innovative Applied Control System of Helicopter Turboshaft Engines Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Networks
Authors: Vladov Serhii , Lytvynov Oleksii , Vysotska Victoria , Vasylenko Viktor , Pukach Petro , Vovk Myroslava
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on helicopter turboshaft engine innovative fault-tolerant fuzzy automatic control system development to enhance safety and efficiency in various flight modes. Unlike traditional systems, the proposed automatic control system incorporates a fuzzy regulator with an adaptive control mechanism, allowing for dynamic fuel flow and blade pitch angle adjustment based on changing conditions. The scientific novelty lies in the helicopter turboshaft engines distinguishing separate models and the fuel metering unit, significantly improving control accuracy and adaptability to current flight conditions. During experimental research on the TV3-117 engine installed on the Mi-8MTV helicopter, a parametric modeling system was developed to simulate engine operation in real time and interact with higher-level systems. Innovation is evident in the creation of the failure model that accounts for dynamic changes and probabilistic characteristics, enabling the prediction of failures and minimizing their impact on the system. The results demonstrate high effectiveness for the proposed model, achieving an accuracy of 99.455%, while minimizing the loss function, confirming its reliability for practical application in dynamic flight conditions.
eXplainable Artificial Intelligence in Process Engineering: Promises, Facts, and Current Limitations
Authors: Di Bonito Luigi Piero , Campanile Lelio , Di Natale Francesco , Mastroianni Michele , Iacono Mauro
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been swiftly incorporated into the industry to become a part of both customer services and manufacturing operations. To effectively address the ethical issues now being examined by the government, AI models must be explainable in order to be used in both scientific and societal contexts. The current state of eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in process engineering is examined in this study through a systematic literature review (SLR), with particular attention paid to the technology’s effect, degree of adoption, and potential to improve process and product quality. Due to restricted access to sizable, reliable datasets, XAI research in process engineering is still primarily exploratory or propositional, despite noteworthy applicability in well-known case studies. According to our research, XAI is becoming more and more positioned as a tool for decision support, with a focus on robustness and dependability in process optimization, maintenance, and quality assurance. This study, however, emphasizes that the use of XAI in process engineering is still in its early stages, and there is significant potential for methodological development and wider use across technical domains.
Severe Convective Weather in the Central and Eastern United States: Present and Future
Authors: Liu Changhai , Ikeda Kyoko , Rasmussen Roy
Published: December 2024

The continental United States is a global hotspot of severe thunderstorms and therefore is particularly vulnerable to social and economic damages from high-impact severe convective weather (SCW), such as tornadoes, thunderstorm winds, and large hail. However, our knowledge of the spatiotemporal climatology and variability of SCW occurrence is still lacking, and the potential change in SCW frequency and intensity in response to anthropogenic climate warming is highly uncertain due to deficient and sparse historical records and the global and regional climate model’s inability to resolve thunderstorms. This study investigates SCW in the Central and Eastern United States in spring and early summer for the current and future warmed climate using two multi-year continental-scale convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations. The pair of simulations consist of a retrospective simulation, which downscales the ERA-Interim reanalysis during October 2000–September 2013, and a future climate sensitivity simulation based on the perturbed reanalysis-derived boundary conditions with the CMIP5 ensemble-mean high-end emission scenario climate change. A proxy based on composite reflectivity and updraft helicity threshold is applied to infer the simulated SCW occurrence. Results indicate that the retrospective simulation captures reasonably well the spatial distributions and seasonal variations of the observed SCW events, with an exception of an overestimate along the Atlantic and Gulf coast. In a warmer-moister future, most regions experience intensified SCW activity, most notably in the early-middle spring, with the largest percentage increase in the foothills and higher latitudes. In addition, a shift of simulated radar reflectivity toward higher values, in association with the significant thermodynamic environmental response to climatic warming, potentially increases the SCW severity and resultant damage.
Enhancing Radiomics Reproducibility: Deep Learning-Based Harmonization of Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) Images
Authors: Lee Seul Bi , Hong Youngtaek , Cho Yeon Jin , Jeong Dawun , Lee Jina , Choi Jae Won , Hwang Jae Yeon , Lee Seunghyun , Choi Young Hun , Cheon Jung-Eun
Published: December 2024

We assessed the feasibility of using deep learning-based image harmonization to improve the reproducibility of radiomics features in abdominal CT scans. In CT imaging, harmonization adjusts images from different institutions to ensure consistency despite variations in scanners and acquisition protocols. This process is essential because such differences can lead to variability in radiomics features, affecting reproducibility and accuracy. Harmonizing images minimizes these inconsistencies, supporting more reliable and clinically applicable results across diverse settings. A pre-trained harmonization algorithm was applied to 63 dual-energy abdominal CT images, which were reconstructed into four different types, and 10 regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed. From the original 455 radiomics features per ROI, 387 were used after excluding redundant features. Reproducibility was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with a threshold of ICC ≥ 0.85 indicating acceptable reproducibility. The region-based analysis revealed significant improvements in reproducibility post-harmonization, especially in vessel features, which increased from 14% to 69%. Other regions, including the spleen, kidney, muscle, and liver parenchyma, also saw notable improvements, although air reproducibility slightly decreased from 95% to 94%, impacting only a few features. In patient-based analysis, reproducible features increased from 18% to 65%, with an average of 179 additional reproducible features per patient after harmonization. These results demonstrate that deep learning-based harmonization can significantly enhance the reproducibility of radiomics features in abdominal CT, offering promising potential for advancing radiomics development and its clinical applications.
Recent Breakthroughs in PET-CT Multimodality Imaging: Innovations and Clinical Impact
Authors: Hussain Dildar , Abbas Naseem , Khan Jawad
Published: December 2024

This review presents a detailed examination of the most recent advancements in positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) multimodal imaging over the past five years. The fusion of PET and CT technologies has revolutionized medical imaging, offering unprecedented insights into both anatomical structure and functional processes. The analysis delves into key technological innovations, including advancements in image reconstruction, data-driven gating, and time-of-flight capabilities, highlighting their impact on enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes. Illustrative case studies underscore the transformative role of PET-CT in lesion detection, disease characterization, and treatment response evaluation. Additionally, the review explores future prospects and challenges in PET-CT, advocating for the integration and evaluation of emerging technologies to improve patient care. This comprehensive synthesis aims to equip healthcare professionals, researchers, and industry stakeholders with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the evolving landscape of PET-CT multimodal imaging.
Asoprisnil as a Novel Ligand Interacting with Stress-Associated Glucocorticoid Receptor
Authors: Ejiohuo Ovinuchi , Bajia Donald , Pawlak Joanna , Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Background/objective: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is critical in regulating cortisol production during stress. This makes it a key target for treating conditions associated with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, such as mental disorders. This study explores novel ligands beyond mifepristone for their potential to modulate GR with improved efficacy and safety. By investigating these interactions, we seek to identify new pharmacotherapeutic options for stress-related mental illness. Methods: The ligands asoprisnil, campestanol, and stellasterol were selected based on structural similarities to mifepristone (reference ligand) and evaluated for pharmacological and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties using the SwissADME database. Molecular docking with AutoDock 4.2.6 and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate ligand–protein interactions with the human glucocorticoid receptor, and binding free energies were calculated using MMPBSA. Results: Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that asoprisnil exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption and obeyed Lipinski’s rule, while mifepristone crossed the blood–brain barrier. Toxicological predictions showed that mifepristone was active for neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity, while asoprisnil, campestanol, and stellasterol displayed lower toxicity profiles. Asoprisnil demonstrated the highest stability in molecular dynamics simulations, with the highest negative binding energy of −62.35 kcal/mol, when compared to mifepristone, campestanol, and stellasterol, with binding energies of −57.08 kcal/mol, −49.99 kcal/mol, and −46.69 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: This makes asoprisnil a potentially favourable therapeutic candidate compared to mifepristone. However, further validation of asoprisnil’s interaction, efficacy, and safety in stress-related mental disorders through experimental studies and clinical trials is needed.
Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Antidepressants, Depression and Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Neațu Monica , Ioniță Iulia , Jugurt Ana , Davidescu Eugenia Irene , Popescu Bogdan Ovidiu
Published: December 2024

The coexistence of dementia and depression in older populations presents a complex clinical challenge, with each condition often exacerbating the other. Cognitive decline can intensify mood disturbances, and untreated or recurring depression accelerates neurodegenerative processes. As depression is a recognized risk factor for dementia, it is crucial to address both conditions concurrently to prevent further deterioration. Antidepressants are frequently used to manage depression in dementia patients, with some studies suggesting they offer neuroprotective benefits. These benefits include promoting neurogenesis, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and reducing neuroinflammation, potentially slowing cognitive decline. Additionally, antidepressants have shown promise in addressing Alzheimer’s-related pathologies by reducing amyloid-beta accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, treatment-resistant depression remains a significant challenge, particularly in older adults with cognitive impairment. Many do not respond well to standard antidepressant therapies due to advanced neurodegenerative changes. Conflicting findings from studies add to the uncertainty, with some research suggesting that antidepressants may increase dementia risk, especially when used in patients with undiagnosed early-stage dementia. This article aims to explore the intricate relationship between depression and dementia, examining the benefits and risks of antidepressant use. We highlight the urgent need for personalized, comprehensive treatment strategies that balance mental health improvement with cognitive protection.
Deep Multiple Instance Learning Model to Predict Outcome of Pancreatic Cancer Following Surgery
Authors: Truntzer Caroline , Ouahbi Dina , Huppé Titouan , Rageot David , Ilie Alis , Molimard Chloe , Beltjens Françoise , Bergeron Anthony , Vienot Angelique , Borg Christophe , Monnien Franck , Bibeau Frédéric , Derangère Valentin , Ghiringhelli François
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer with very poor prognosis despite early surgical management. To date, only clinical variables are used to predict outcome for decision-making about adjuvant therapy. We sought to generate a deep learning approach based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or hematoxylin, eosin and saffron (HES) whole slides to predict patients’ outcome, compare these new entities with known molecular subtypes and question their biological significance; Methods: We used as a training set a retrospective private cohort of 206 patients treated by surgery for PDAC cancer and a validation cohort of 166 non-metastatic patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PDAC project. We estimated a multi-instance learning survival model to predict relapse in the training set and evaluated its performance in the validation set. RNAseq and exome data from the TCGA PDAC database were used to describe the transcriptomic and genomic features associated with deep learning classification; Results: Based on the estimation of an attention-based multi-instance learning survival model, we identified two groups of patients with a distinct prognosis. There was a significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) between these two groups in the training set (hazard ratio HR = 0.72 [0.54;0.96]; p = 0.03) and in the validation set (HR = 0.63 [0.42;0.94]; p = 0.01). Transcriptomic and genomic features revealed that the poor prognosis group was associated with a squamous phenotype. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that deep learning could be used to predict PDAC prognosis and offer assistance in better choosing adjuvant treatment.