bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYSTEM-FORMING COMPONENTS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF POSTGRADUATE PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Voitovska O.
Published: June 2018

In the article on the basis of analysis of scientific literature the system-forming components, which determine the certain character of professional development of physical training teachers in the conditions of postgraduate pedagogical education are described, namely: the purpose, activity of the teacher and the activity of the students. The purpose of the teacher’s activity, functions, levels of teacher’s andragogical competence, the main aspects of his preparation for work with the students, as well as the activities of physical training teachers are determined. Key words: professional development, physical training teacher, adult education, postgraduate pedagogical education.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ЗАСОБІВ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ ФІЗИКОМАТЕМАТИЧНИХ ФАКУЛЬТЕТІВ
Authors:   Житомирський державний університет імені Івана Франка, Мінгальова Ю.
Published: June 2018

The publication discusses the main trends in the organization and development of research activities in modern educational institution of higher education. An outline of the types and forms of scientific search of student's youth of physical and mathematical faculties is considered. There have been identified ways to encourage students to conduct research. Key words: research activities, information and communication technologies, training of students of physical and mathematical faculties.
ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАГІСТРІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ ДО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ КОНТЕКСТНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, Ніконенко Т.
Published: June 2018

The pedagogical conditions which provide the effectiveness of training of masters of the primary education for implementation the technology of the context teaching within the pedagogical activity have been determined and theoretically grounded. Key words: master of the primary education, pedagogical conditions, professional identity, pedagogical thinking, reflexive activity.
ВІЗУАЛЬНЕ МИСЛЕННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ВІЗУАЛЬНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ ОБРАЗОТВОРЧОГО МИСТЕЦТВА
Authors:   ДЗ “Південноукраїнський державний педагогічний університет імені К. Д. Ушинського”, Рубель І.
Published: June 2018

In the article we discuss such concepts as “culture”, “thinking”, “visual thinking” and „visual culture‟ which are presented in pedagogical, psychological literature and literature on art criticism. Visual culture concept as a multilateral component of modern art is determined. In the process of formation of visual thinking it is important to take into consideration positive and negative traits of visual culture which future art teachers should learn to overcome. In order to provide high quality professional training of art teachers it is important to introduce an integrated course of fine arts. Key words: culture, visual thinking, visual culture, future art teachers.
Житомирський державний університет імені Івана Франка
Authors:   Житомирський державний університет імені Івана Франка, Толстова О.
Published: June 2018

The essence of readiness of future teachers for professional activity as a result of their professional and pedagogical preparation is determined. The structure of readiness, which is a system of formed value orientations, motives, knowledge, abilities, skills and personal qualities, is theoretically substantiated. The criteria, indicators and levels of readiness of students-mathematicians for the realization of humanitarian-oriented activities with the use of modern means of ICT according to the developed structure are outlined. Key words: professional training, readiness, humanitarization of mathematical education, information and communication technologies.
МОТИВАЦІЯ ДО ЗАНЯТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЮ КУЛЬТУРОЮ І СПОРТОМ СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Authors:   Уманський державний педагогічний університет імені Павла Тичини, Цибульська В.
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the problem of formation of non-special physical education of students of pedagogical specialties through the formation of motivation for physical culture and sports classes. The state of health of the high school students is analyzed. It is theoretically substantiated that the main problem of physical education at high school is the students’ need to achieve optimal moving regimes; it is statistically proved that the number of preparatory and special medical groups is increased during the period of study at higher education institutions. A theoretical analysis of literary sources concerning the formation of motivation for physical culture and sports was conducted. Key words: students, pedagogical specialties, motivation, physical culture, sport, non-specialized physical education.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ МАГІСТРАТУРИ
Authors:   Маріупольський державний університет, Щербакова К. , Щербакова Н. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет
Published: June 2018

The article describes peculiarities of organization of educational process of magistrates students in the context of using by them habits of independent work. Key words: andragogichna model, independent work students, organization of educational process, Institution Higher Educational.
ФАМІЛІСТИКА ТА ПІДГОТОВКА ДІТЕЙ І ПІДЛІТКІВ ДО СІМЕЙНОГО ЖИТТЯ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНІЙ ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ ДУМЦІ (60-80-ТІ РОКИ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ)
Authors:   Комунальний заклад “Харківська гуманітарно-педагогічна академія” Харківської обласної ради, Онипченко О.
Published: June 2018

In the sphere of family relations, negative trends began to occur, such as: a decrease in the number of marriages, the spread of unconventional forms of hostel organization, a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in divorce; increase in the number of incomplete families and children born out of wedlock; increase in the average age of marriage; spreading the idea of voluntary childlessness – "child free"; accommodation of married couples without official stamped marriage registration; an increase in the number of single people who do not intend to get married. Key words: preparation for a family life, sex education, future family man, gender-role socialization, familistic.
РЕГУЛЯТИВНО-СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЗМІСТОВІ ЗАСАДИ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, Ярова О.
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the regulatory-strategic, organizational and content principles of the national primary school, which guide the development of this educational branch in the third millennium. The key organizational and managerial transformations in primary education are described. The peculiarities of the standardization of primary education content as a socially determined, multidimensional, and dynamic pedagogical phenomenon are revealed. Key words: primary education, law, strategy, transformation, state standard, standardization.
ІГРАШКА ЯК ЗАСІБ ЕСТЕТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors:   Миколаївський національний університет імені В.О.Сухомлинського, Сахарова О.
Published: June 2018

At the article reveals the influence of various types of toys on the comprehensive development of a child of preschool age, analysis of books of toys, musical toys and their role in shaping the aesthetic taste, artistic abilities and aesthetic education of the child as a whole. Key words: toy, toy-book, aesthetic education, all-round development, artistic development.
Emblems of Faithfulness
Authors: Cheng Helen , Nash Catherine
Published: June 2018

Memorials of the Faithful is a book consisting of stories told by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá to gatherings of Bahá’ís in Haifa during World War I. This essay aims to explore some of the insights contained within it. The focus is on two readily apparent aspects of the text. First is the diversity of personalities described, while the other is the sheer ordinariness of many of those remembered lives. The discussion explores how these two aspects of the text highlight some of the broader questions raised by the Bahá’í Faith.
Valleys, Mountains, and Teacher Preparation
Authors: Johnson Barbara
Published: June 2018

Inspired by The Four Valleys of Bahá’u’lláh—well-known and well-loved as a description of the journey of the soul to its Creator—this article draws upon the metaphor of the soul’s journey to illustrate the practical work of building a team of college and school-based practitioners in the central Rocky Mountains to design a new program to prepare teachers for service in the public schools of that region.
A Whale of a Difference: Southern Right Whale Culture and the Tasman World's Living Terrain of Encounter
Authors: Jones Ryan Tucker
Published: June 2018

This article examines the cross-cultural histories that developed around the bay whale fisheries of the Tasman World (Australia and New Zealand) in the early nineteenth century. Using new insights about whale culture from marine biology and data gleaned from whaling logs, it posits that changing right whale cultures significantly influenced the ways that Aboriginals and Māori participated in the industry, and thus deeply shaped colonial histories there. This case study presents evidence that historians need to consider animal cultures as important parts of human histories and that doing so can provide unexpected answers to large historical questions.
Influence of Rake Angles of Multi-Position Tool on Cutting Characteristics
Authors: Chen Shao-Hsien , Pan Chi-Hsiang
Published: June 2018

During current high-speed cutting processing, the requirements on the CNC machine tool, controller, and cutting technique has become higher and higher. This research focuses on cutting tools, when the rake angles of different tools cause the shearing cut to change, and when the cutting force and cutting resistance are changed accordingly. In general, the rake angle is smaller in rough machining and bigger in finish machining. Therefore, the size of the rake angle should be decided on by considering the workpiece, feed-rate, cutting depth, cutting speed, cutter life, etc. In this research, we make different changes to the rake angle of the milling cutter and do real cutting tests to discuss the impact that rake angle change has on its processing characteristics. During the cutting experiment, by setting different cutting parameters, this research aims to get cutting force data using the dynamometer and the signal interceptor, and to analyze the relevance of the cutting force change, abrasion of tool, surface roughness, and chip morphology of different rake angles. This will be done through observation when the rake angle is 0°, when the cutting force in the X/Y/Z direction is the smallest, when the depth of the cut is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and when the tangential shear cutting constant Kts is reduced by 50%.
Synthesis of Sulfur-Resistant TiO2-CeO2 Composite and Its Catalytic Performance in the Oxidation of a Soluble Organic Fraction from Diesel Exhaust
Authors: Zhang Na , Yang Zhengzheng , Chen Zhi , Li Yunxiang , Liao Yunwen , Li Youping , Gong Maochu , Chen Yaoqiang
Published: June 2018

Sulfur poisoning is one of the most important factors deteriorating the purification efficiency of diesel exhaust after-treatment system, thus improving the sulfur resistibility of catalysts is imperative. Herein, ceria oxygen storage material was introduced into a sulfur-resistant titania by a co-precipitation method, and the sulfur resistibility and catalytic activity of prepared TiO2-CeO2 composite in the oxidation of diesel soluble organic fraction (SOF) were studied. Catalytic performance testing results show that the CeO2 modification significantly improves the catalytic SOF purification efficiency of TiO2-CeO2 catalyst. SO2 uptake and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) results suggest that the ceria doping does not debase the excellent sulfur resistibility of bare TiO2, the prepared TiO2-CeO2 catalyst exhibits obviously better sulfur resistibility than the CeO2 and commercial CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra indicate that cerium ions can enter into the TiO2 lattice and not form complete CeO2 crystals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) testing results imply that the addition of CeO2 in TiO2-CeO2 catalyst can significantly enhance the surface oxygen concentration and oxygen storage capacity of TiO2-CeO2.
Dual-Input Single-Output Isolated Resonant Converter with Zero Voltage Switching
Authors: Reddi Naresh , Ramteke Manojkumar , Suryawanshi Hiralal
Published: June 2018

A new modified LCLC series resonant circuit based dual-input single out-put isolated converter is proposed for hybrid energy systems. With this novel converter topology, two different voltage sources can be decoupled completely and transfer the power from two separate dc sources to dc load simultaneously. The proposed converter consists only two controllable switches for integrating two separate voltage sources; it can provide good voltage regulation and soft switching over wide load range. During unequal input voltages, the converter continues to maintain soft-switching and voltage regulation. The proposed converter operation and design considerations are outlined. A laboratory prototype rated for 250 Watt power at an output voltage of 380 V was built-up and tested. Experimental results confirm the functionality of the converter in terms of voltage regulation and soft switching over a wide load range.
Dimethyl Carbonate as a Promising Oxygenated Fuel for Combustion: A Review
Authors: Abdalla Ayoub O. G. , Liu Dong
Published: June 2018

Energy shortage and environmental problems are two dominant subjects. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is one of the oxygenated fuels with increasing interest as the alternative to diesel fuel or additive for conventional hydrocarbon fuels. In the last decade, comprehensive studies on DMC have been carried out in terms of synthesis, use, and oxidation and combustion mechanism. DMC synthesis from greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide can achieve the carbon circulation between air and fuel. Ethylene carbonate route is one of the most promising ways to utilize carbon dioxide and synthesize DMC in terms of particle efficiency, energy consumption per one unit of product, and net carbon dioxide emission. In addition, the results show that pure DMC in compression ignition (CI) engines or DMC addition in diesel/gasoline could decrease emissions significantly. Moreover, DMC pyrolysis form carbon dioxide before carbon monoxide which is different from other oxygenated fuels. However, DMC can produce formaldehyde during oxidation process in high concentration, which is harmful to the environment and human health as well. The present DMC kinetic model needs to update the major reactions constant through recognizing the initial decomposition routes and low-temperature oxidation. In addition, further studies on the DMC/hydrocarbon fuels mixtures for the interaction chemistry are needed.
Short-Term Load Forecasting Using a Novel Deep Learning Framework
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Rui , Zhang Tao , Liu Yajie , Zha Yabing
Published: June 2018

Short-term load forecasting is the basis of power system operation and analysis. In recent years, the use of a deep belief network (DBN) for short-term load forecasting has become increasingly popular. In this study, a novel deep-learning framework based on a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and an Elman neural network is presented. This novel framework is used for short-term load forecasting based on the historical power load data of a town in the UK. The obtained results are compared with an individual use of a DBN and Elman neural network. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model can significantly ameliorate the prediction accuracy.
Mechanical Performance of Methane Hydrate–Coal Mixture
Authors: Gao Xia , Yang Tongchuan , Yao Kai , Zhang Baoyong , Wu Qiang , Liu Chuanhai
Published: June 2018

Understanding mechanical behaviors of a methane hydrate–coal mixture are important for its associated application in coal and gas outburst prevention. A triaxial compression apparatus for a specimen of the methane hydrate–coal mixture was developed to measure its strength and deformation properties. Triaxial compression tests were performed on coal briquette samples under different confining pressures and methane hydrate saturation. Strain softening behavior of the methane hydrate–coal mixture can be identified for all the specimens under various conditions. The larger the methane hydrate saturation or confining pressure, the larger the peak strength, elastic modulus and peak strain. Mathematical relationships for correlating the peak strength with the methane hydrate saturation or confining pressure were also proposed.
Investigations of Ventilation Airflow Characteristics on a Longwall Face—A Computational Approach
Authors: Wang Zhongwei , Ren Ting , Ma Liqiang , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2018

Mine ventilation has always been critical for underground mining operations to ensure operational efficiency and compliance with safety and health statutory requirements. To obtain a thorough understanding of the ventilation flow characteristics on a longwall face, innovative three dimensional (3D) models, incorporating key features of the longwall equipment and a zone of immediate goaf area, were developed. Mesh independent studies were conducted to determine the desirable mesh required for a mesh-independent solution. Then the model results were validated using field ventilation survey data. At both intersections of maingate/tailgate (MG/TG) and face where the flow boundary changes sharply, the occurrence of undesirable flow separation which causes additional energy loss was identified, as well as its extent of influence. The recirculation of airflow resulting from separation in the TG will lead to accumulation of high concentrations of mine gas, thus regular inspection or continuous monitoring of gas concentration in that area is highly recommended, especially when high gas emission is expected from the working seam. In addition, we also investigated the influence of shearer position and cutting sequence on longwall ventilation. Overall, the longwall models developed in this study together with the flow characteristics obtained will provide fundamental basis for the investigation of longwall gas and dust issues in the future.
A Scramjet Compression System for Hypersonic Air Transportation Vehicle Combined Cycle Engines
Authors: Sen Devendra , Pesyridis Apostolos , Lenton Andrew
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a compression system for a scramjet, to be used as part of a combined cycle engine on a hypersonic transport vehicle that can achieve sustained flight at 8 Mach 8. Initially research into scramjet compression system and shock wave interaction was conducted to establish the foundation of the scramjet inlet and isolator sections. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) campaign was conducted, where the shock structure and flow characteristics was analysed between Mach 4.5–8. The compression system of a scramjet is of crucial importance in providing air at suitable Mach number, pressure and temperature to the combustion chamber. The use of turbojet engines in over-under configuration with the scramjet was investigated as well as the study of a combined cycle scramjet-ramjet configuration. It was identified that locating the scramjet in the centre with a rotated ramjet on either side, where its ramps make up the scramjet wall was the most optimal configuration, as it mitigated the effect of the oblique shocks propagating from the scramjet walls into the adjacent ramjet. Furthermore, this meant that the forebody of the vehicle could solely be used as the compression surface by the scramjet. In this paper, the sizing of the scramjet combustion chamber and nozzle were modified to match the flow properties of the oncoming flow with the purpose of producing the most optimum scramjet configuration for the cruise speed of Mach 8. CFD simulations showed that the scramjet inlet did not provide the levels of compression and stagnation pressure recovery initially required. However, it was found that the scramjet provided significantly more thrust than the drag of the aircraft at sustained Mach 8 flight, due to its utilisation of a very aerodynamic vehicle design.
Growth and Physicochemical Changes of Carpinus betulus L. Influenced by Salinity Treatments
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhu Zunling , Shi Man , Cheng Longxia
Published: June 2018

Carpinus betulus L. is a deciduous tree widely distributed in Europe with strong adaptation, and it plays a key role in landscaping and timbering because of its variety of colors and shapes. Recently introduced to China for similar purposes, this species needs further study as to its physiological adaptability under various soil salinity conditions. In this study, the growth and physicochemical changes of C. betulus seedlings cultivated in soil under six different levels of salinity stress (NaCl: 0, 17, 34, 51, 68, and 85 mM) were studied for 14, 28 and 42 days. The plant growth and gas exchange parameters were not changed much by 17 and 34 mM NaCl, but they were significantly affected after treatments with 51 ~ 85 mM NaCl. The chlorophyll content was not significantly affected at 17 and 34 mM salinity, and the relative water content, malondialdehyde content and cell membrane stability of C. betulus did not change obviously under the 17 and 34 mM treatments, indicating that C. betulus is able to adapt to low-salinity conditions. The amount of osmotic adjustment substances and the antioxidant enzyme activity of C. betulus increased after 14 and 28 days and then decreased with increasing salinity gradients, but the proline content was increased during the entire time for different salinities. The Na content of different organs increased in response to salinity, and the K/Na, Ca/Na, and Mg/Na ratios were significantly affected by salinity. These results suggest that the ability of C. betulus to synthesize osmotic substances and enzymatic antioxidants may be impaired under severe saline conditions (68 ~ 85 mM NaCl) but that it can tolerate and accumulate salt at low salinity concentrations (17 ~ 34 mM NaCl). Such information is useful for land managers considering introducing this species to sites with various soil salinity conditions.
Vertical Transmission of Fusarium circinatum Mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via Microconidia
Authors: Romeralo Carmen , Bezos Diana , Martínez-Álvarez Pablo , Diez Julio Javier
Published: June 2018

Pine Pitch Canker disease, caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium circinatum, affects conifer species worldwide. However, the virulence of the pathogen may be affected by the presence of mycoviruses. The aim of this laboratory-based study was to investigate the probability and rate of transmission of F. circinatum mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2 via microconidia. Ten isolates of mitovirus-infected F. circinatum were subcultured to produce a total of 100 single-spore colonies (ten replicates per isolate). The total RNA and cDNA obtained from each spore isolate (monosporic culture) were amplified by PCR with specific primers for detection of F. circinatum mitoviruses FcMV1 and FcMV2-2. The mitoviruses were detected in a high percentage of the individual spore isolates (between 60% and 100% depending on the fungal isolate). However, the probability of transmission was not statistically significantly associated with either the F. circinatum isolate or the viral strain. A high proportion of transmission via microconidia is critical for development of a biological control program against Pine Pitch Canker (PPC) disease in forests. However, further studies are needed to establish the effect of these mitoviruses on the virulence of F. circinatum.
Automated Recognition of RNA Structure Motifs by Their SHAPE Data Signatures
Authors: Radecki Pierce , Ledda Mirko , Aviran Sharon
Published: June 2018

High-throughput structure profiling (SP) experiments that provide information at nucleotide resolution are revolutionizing our ability to study RNA structures. Of particular interest are RNA elements whose underlying structures are necessary for their biological functions. We previously introduced patteRNA, an algorithm for rapidly mining SP data for patterns characteristic of such motifs. This work provided a proof-of-concept for the detection of motifs and the capability of distinguishing structures displaying pronounced conformational changes. Here, we describe several improvements and automation routines to patteRNA. We then consider more elaborate biological situations starting with the comparison or integration of results from searches for distinct motifs and across datasets. To facilitate such analyses, we characterize patteRNA’s outputs and describe a normalization framework that regularizes results. We then demonstrate that our algorithm successfully discerns between highly similar structural variants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev response element (RRE) and readily identifies its exact location in whole-genome structure profiles of HIV-1. This work highlights the breadth of information that can be gleaned from SP data and broadens the utility of data-driven methods as tools for the detection of novel RNA elements.
Hybrid GMPEs for Region-Specific PSHA in Southern Italy
Authors: D’Amico Maria , Lanzano Giovanni , Santulin Marco , Puglia Rodolfo , Felicetta Chiara , Tiberti Mara Monica , Gomez-Capera Antonio Augusto , Russo Emiliano
Published: June 2018

This paper describes the main findings of the project HYPSTHER (HYbrid ground motion prediction equations for PSha purposes: the study case of souTHERn Italy; supported by the Italian Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology). The goal of the project is to develop a methodological approach to retrieve hybrid Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) based on integration of recorded and synthetic data. This methodology was applied to the study area of southern Italy, focusing on the southern Calabria and Sicily regions. The target area was chosen due to the expected high seismic hazard levels, despite the low seismic activity in recent decades. In addition, along the coast of the study area, there are many critical infrastructures, such as chemical plants, refineries, and large ports, which strongly increase the risk of technological accidents induced by earthquakes. Through the synthetic data, the predictions of the hybrid GMPEs have been improved under near-field conditions, with respect to empirical models for moderate to large earthquakes. Attenuation at distances greater than 50 km is instead controlled by the empirical data, because attenuation is faster with distance. The aleatory variability of the hybrid models has strong impact on probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, as it is lower than the sigma of the empirical GMPEs. The use of the hybrid GMPEs specific for the study area can produce remarkable reductions in hazard levels for long-return periods, mainly due to changes in median predictions and reduction of the aleatory variability.
Nomadic Life on the Steppes: An Ecocinematic Exploration of Tulpan and Cave of the Yellow Dog
Authors: Adelman Deborah
Published: June 2018

Ecocinema: (1) analyzes the role of visual media in responding to the environmental crisis; (2) has explicit interest in environmental justice; (3) includes a variety of genres and modes of production; (4) informs viewers of issues of ecological importance; (5) promotes ecocentric ways of framing the world; and (6) has an activist agenda. Ecocinema examines films produced by/with historically marginalized communities underrepresented in film. Using Ecocinema and Fourth Cinema (Barclay), I examined two fictional films featuring nomadic peoples of the Central Asian Steppes whose culture and ecologically low impact lifestyle are threatened and fragile in the global order. Tulpan, a 2008 Kazakh/Russian production by Kazakh-born Sergei Dvortsevoy, tells the story of Asa, a young Kazakh man, returning to his home in the Steppes to establish himself as a shepherd with his own flock. Tulpan features the long takes and slow pacing needed to “retrain the perception” of viewers. Tulpan’s biocentric focus on landscape and animals is equivalent to the focus on the human, reconsidering the human/non-human relationship. Tulpan shows one young man dreaming of a meaningful life rooted in his cultural traditions, struggling to locate himself within contemporary economic, political and cultural realities in a region underrepresented in world film. The Cave of the Yellow Dog, 2005, by Mongolian filmmaker Byambasuren Davaa, tells the story of a Mongolian nomadic family. Davaa, similar to Dvortsevoy, works in documentary and fictional films, uses professional and non-professional actors, and relies on Western funding to make her films. These two films suggest that non-commercial fictional films are an important vehicle for addressing global environmental concerns as they present stories of marginalized people and help us imagine solutions to global problems.
Influence of Health Behaviors and Occupational Stress on Prediabetic State among Male Office Workers
Authors: Ryu Hosihn , Moon Jihyeon , Jung Jiyeon
Published: June 2018

This study examined the influence of health behaviors and occupational stress on the prediabetic state of male office workers, and identified related risks and influencing factors. The study used a cross-sectional design and performed an integrative analysis on data from regular health checkups, health questionnaires, and a health behavior-related survey of employees of a company, using Spearman’s correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression analysis. The results showed significant relationships of prediabetic state with health behaviors and occupational stress. Among health behaviors, a diet without vegetables and fruits (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.74, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.93–7.66) was associated with a high risk of prediabetic state. In the subscales on occupational stress, organizational system in the 4th quartile (OR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.40–9.70) was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of prediabetic state. To identify influencing factors of prediabetic state, the multiple logistic regression was performed using regression models. The results showed that dietary habits (β = 1.20, p = 0.002), total occupational stress score (β = 1.33, p = 0.024), and organizational system (β = 1.13, p = 0.009) were significant influencing factors. The present findings indicate that active interventions are needed at workplace for the systematic and comprehensive management of health behaviors and occupational stress that influence prediabetic state of office workers.
Construction and Optimization of Three-Dimensional Disaster Scenes within Mobile Virtual Reality
Authors: Hu Ya , Zhu Jun , Li Weilian , Zhang Yunhao , Zhu Qing , Qi Hua , Zhang Huixin , Cao Zhenyu , Yang Weijun , Zhang Pengcheng
Published: June 2018

Because mobile virtual reality (VR) is both mobile and immersive, three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of disaster scenes based in mobile VR enable users to perceive and recognize disaster environments faster and better than is possible with other methods. To achieve immersion and prevent users from feeling dizzy, such visualizations require a high scene-rendering frame rate. However, the existing related visualization work cannot provide a sufficient solution for this purpose. This study focuses on the construction and optimization of a 3D disaster scene in order to satisfy the high frame-rate requirements for the rendering of 3D disaster scenes in mobile VR. First, the design of a plugin-free browser/server (B/S) architecture for 3D disaster scene construction and visualization based in mobile VR is presented. Second, certain key technologies for scene optimization are discussed, including diverse modes of scene data representation, representation optimization of mobile scenes, and adaptive scheduling of mobile scenes. By means of these technologies, smartphones with various performance levels can achieve higher scene-rendering frame rates and improved visual quality. Finally, using a flood disaster as an example, a plugin-free prototype system was developed, and experiments were conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that a 3D disaster scene constructed via the methods addressed in this study has a sufficiently high scene-rendering frame rate to satisfy the requirements for rendering a 3D disaster scene in mobile VR.
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent AtSR1/CAMTA3 Plays Critical Roles in Balancing Plant Growth and Immunity
Authors: Yuan Peiguo , Du Liqun , Poovaiah B. W.
Published: June 2018

During plant-pathogen interactions, plants have to relocate their resources including energy to defend invading organisms; as a result, plant growth and development are usually reduced. Arabidopsis signal responsive1 (AtSR1) has been documented as a negative regulator of plant immune responses and could serve as a positive regulator of plant growth and development. However, the mechanism by which AtSR1 balances plant growth and immunity is poorly understood. Here, we performed a global gene expression profiling using Affymetrix microarrays to study how AtSR1 regulates defense- and growth-related genes in plants with and without bacterial pathogen infection. Results revealed that AtSR1 negatively regulates most of the immune-related genes involved in molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and in salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonate (JA)-mediated signaling pathways. AtSR1 may rigidly regulate several steps of the SA-mediated pathway, from the activation of SA synthesis to the perception of SA signal. Furthermore, AtSR1 may also regulate plant growth through its involvement in regulating auxin- and BRs-related pathways. Although microarray data revealed that expression levels of defense-related genes induced by pathogens are higher in wild-type (WT) plants than that in atsr1 mutant plants, WT plants are more susceptible to the infection of virulent pathogen as compared to atsr1 mutant plants. These observations indicate that the AtSR1 functions in suppressing the expression of genes induced by pathogen attack and contributes to the rapid establishment of resistance in WT background. Results of electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assays suggest that AtSR1 acts as transcription factor in balancing plant growth and immunity, through interaction with the “CGCG” containing CG-box in the promotors of its target genes.
The Caryopsis of Red-Grained Rice Has Enhanced Resistance to Fungal Attack
Authors: Gianinetti Alberto , Finocchiaro Franca , Maisenti Fabio , Kouongni Satsap Dailly , Morcia Caterina , Ghizzoni Roberta , Terzi Valeria
Published: June 2018

Seed persistence in the soil is threatened by microorganisms, but the seed coat helps protect the seed from them. Although modern rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars have a whitish caryopsis, some varieties have a red caryopsis coat, a trait typical of wild Oryza species. The red colour is due to the oxidation of proanthocyanidins, a class of flavonoids that is found in the outer layers of the seed in many species. We aimed to assess whether these natural compounds (proanthocyanidins and proanthocyanidin-derived pigment) have some protective effect against microbial attacks. Dehulled caryopses of white-grained and red-grained rice genotypes were employed to assay fungal infection. Specifically, three white-grained rice cultivars (Perla, Augusto, and Koral) and three red-grained rice varieties (Perla Rosso, Augusto Rosso, and Koral Rosso) were used. In a first test, the caryopses were infected with Epicoccum nigrum at 10 °C, and seedling growth was then assessed at 30 °C. In a second test, the degree of infection by the mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides was assayed by measuring the accumulation of T-2/HT-2 toxins in the caryopses. Infection was performed at 10 °C to prevent rice germination while allowing fungal growth. In both the tests, red caryopses showed reduced, or delayed, infection with respect to white ones. One black-grained cultivar (Venere) was assayed for the accumulation of T-2/HT-2 toxins as well, with results corresponding to those of the red-grained rice varieties. We argue that the red pigment accumulating in the caryopsis coat, and/or the proanthocyanidins associated with it, provides a protective barrier against challenging microorganisms.
Effects of Cutting Edge Microgeometry on Residual Stress in Orthogonal Cutting of Inconel 718 by FEM
Authors: Shen Qi , Liu Zhanqiang , Hua Yang , Zhao Jinfu , Lv Woyun , Mohsan Aziz Ul Hassan
Published: June 2018

Service performance of components such as fatigue life are dramatically influenced by the machined surface and subsurface residual stresses. This paper aims at achieving a better understanding of the influence of cutting edge microgeometry on machined surface residual stresses during orthogonal dry cutting of Inconel 718. Numerical and experimental investigations have been conducted in this research. The cutting edge microgeometry factors of average cutting edge radius S¯, form-factor K, and chamfer were investigated. An increasing trend for the magnitudes of both tensile and compressive residual stresses was observed by using larger S¯ or introducing a chamfer on the cutting edges. The ploughing depth has been predicted based on the stagnation zone. The increase of ploughing depth means that more material was ironed on the workpiece subsurface, which resulted in an increase in the compressive residual stress. The thermal loads were leading factors that affected the surface tensile residual stress. For the unsymmetrical honed cutting edge with K = 2, the friction between tool and workpiece and tensile residual stress tended to be high, while for the unsymmetrical honed cutting edge with K = 0.5, the high ploughing depth led to a higher compressive residual stress. This paper provides guidance for regulating machine-induced residual stress by edge preparation.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Cembranoids from a Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton stellatum
Authors: Ahmed Atallah F. , Chen Yi-Wei , Huang Chiung-Yao , Tseng Yen-Ju , Lin Chi-Chen , Dai Chang-Feng , Wu Yang-Chang , Sheu Jyh-Horng
Published: June 2018

Six new polyoxygenated cembrane-based diterpenoids, stellatumolides A–C (1–3), stellatumonins A and B (4 and 5), and stellatumonone (6), were isolated together with ten known related compounds (7–16) from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of soft coral Sarcophyton stellatum. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and data comparison with related structures. Compounds 8 and 14 were isolated from a natural source for the first time. The isolated metabolites were shown to be not cytotoxic against a limited panel of cancer cells. Compound 9 showed anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse leukaemic monocyte macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells.
A New Cumulative Fatigue Damage Rule Based on Dynamic Residual S-N Curve and Material Memory Concept
Authors: Peng Zhaochun , Huang Hong-Zhong , Zhou Jie , Li Yan-Feng
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces a new phenomenological cumulative damage rule to predict damage and fatigue life under variable amplitude loading. The rule combines a residual S-N curve approach and a material memory concept to describe the damage accumulation behavior. The residual S-N curve slope is regarded as a variable with respect to the loading history. The change in slope is then used as a damage measure and quantified by a material memory degeneration parameter. This model improves the traditional linear damage rule by taking the load-level dependence and loading sequence effect into account, which still preserves its superiority. A series of non-uniform fatigue loading protocols are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The prediction results using the proposed model are more accurate than those using three popular damage models. Moreover, several common characteristics and fundamental properties of the chosen fatigue models are extracted and discussed.
Contribution of Benthic Processes to the Growth of Ooids on a Low-Energy Shore in Cat Island, The Bahamas
Authors: Mariotti Giulio , Pruss Sara B. , Summons Roger E. , Newman Sharon A. , Bosak Tanja
Published: June 2018

Ooids are typically found in frequently reworked coastal sediments, and are thought to accrete by inorganic chemical precipitation around moving grains. The high organic content and the presence of biosignatures, however, suggest that ooids interact with benthic microbial communities. Here, we investigate the role of benthic processes on ooid growth on a leeward shore of Cat Island, The Bahamas. Polished ooids are present in the surf zone, whereas dull ooids and grapestones are present in microbially colonized sediments seaward of the surf zone. Wave hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling suggest that microbially colonized sediments are mobilized at monthly time scales. We propose a new conceptual model for both ooids and grapestone. Ooids rest and accrete in the area covered by microbial mats, but are periodically transported to the surf zone where wave abrasion polishes them within days. Ooids are then transported back to microbially colonized areas where the accretion cycle resumes. Ooids too large to be transported become trapped outside the surf zone, exit the “conveyor belt” and become grapestones. The benthic growth mechanism predicts petrographic characteristics that match observations: successive ooid laminae do not thin outward, laminae exhibit irregularities, and some ooids include multiple nuclei.
Construction of Hyaluronic Tetrasaccharide Clusters Modified Polyamidoamine siRNA Delivery System
Authors: Ma Yingcong , Sha Meng , Cheng Shixuan , Yao Wang , Li Zhongjun , Qi Xian-Rong
Published: June 2018

The CD44 protein, as a predominant receptor for hyaluronan (HA), is highly expressed on the surface of multiple tumor cells. HA, as a targeting molecule for a CD44-contained delivery system, increases intracellular drug concentration in tumor tissue. However, due to the weak binding ability of hyaluronan oligosaccharide to CD44, targeting for tumor drug delivery has been restricted. In this study, we first use a HA tetrasaccharide cluster as the target ligand to enhance the binding ability to CD44. A polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer was modified by a HA tetrasaccharide cluster as a nonviral vector for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. The dendrimer/siRNA nanocomplexes increased the cellular uptake capacity of siRNA through the CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway, allowing the siRNA to successfully escape the endosome/lysosome. Compared with the control group, nanocomplexes effectively reduced the expression of GFP protein and mRNA in MDA-MB-231-GFP cells. This delivery system provides a foundation to increase the clinical applications of PAMAM nanomaterials.
Stable and High Piezoelectric Output of GaN Nanowire-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric Nanogenerator by Suppression of Internal Screening
Authors: Johar Muhammad Ali , Hassan Mostafa Afifi , Waseem Aadil , Ha Jun-Seok , Lee June Key , Ryu Sang-Wan
Published: June 2018

A piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) that is based on c-axis GaN nanowires is fabricated on flexible substrate. In this regard, c-axis GaN nanowires were grown on GaN substrate using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Further, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated on nanowire-arrays then PDMS matrix embedded with GaN nanowire-arrays was transferred on Si-rubber substrate. The piezoelectric performance of nanowire-based flexible PNG was measured, while the device was actuated using a cyclic stretching-releasing agitation mechanism that was driven by a linear motor. The piezoelectric output was measured as a function of actuation frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz and a linear tendency was observed for piezoelectric output current, while the output voltages remained constant. A maximum of piezoelectric open circuit voltages and short circuit current were measured 15.4 V and 85.6 nA, respectively. In order to evaluate the feasibility of our flexible PNG for real application, a long term stability test was performed for 20,000 cycles and the device performance was degraded by less than 18%. The underlying reason for the high piezoelectric output was attributed to the reduced free carriers inside nanowires due to surface Fermi-level pinning and insulating metal-dielectric-semiconductor interface, respectively; the former reduced the free carrier screening radially while latter reduced longitudinally. The flexibility and the high aspect ratio of GaN nanowire were the responsible factors for higher stability. Such higher piezoelectric output and the novel design make our device more promising for the diverse range of real applications.
Bolus Ingestion of Whey Protein Immediately Post-Exercise Does Not Influence Rehydration Compared to Energy-Matched Carbohydrate Ingestion
Authors: Evans Gethin H. , Mattin Lewis , Ireland Isabelle , Harrison William , Yau Adora M. W. , McIver Victoria , Pocock Tristan , Sheader Elizabeth , James Lewis J.
Published: June 2018

Whey protein is a commonly ingested nutritional supplement amongst athletes and regular exercisers; however, its role in post-exercise rehydration remains unclear. Eight healthy male and female participants completed two experimental trials involving the ingestion of 35 g of whey protein (WP) or maltodextrin (MD) at the onset of a rehydration period, followed by ingestion of water to a volume equivalent to 150% of the amount of body mass lost during exercise in the heat. The gastric emptying rates of the solutions were measured using 13C breath tests. Recovery was monitored for a further 3 h by the collection of blood and urine samples. The time taken to empty half of the initial solution (T1/2) was different between the trials (WP = 65.5 ± 11.4 min; MD = 56.7 ± 6.3 min; p = 0.05); however, there was no difference in cumulative urine volume throughout the recovery period (WP = 1306 ± 306 mL; MD = 1428 ± 443 mL; p = 0.314). Participants returned to net negative fluid balance 2 h after the recovery period with MD and 3 h with WP. The results of this study suggest that whey protein empties from the stomach at a slower rate than MD; however, this does not seem to exert any positive or negative effects on the maintenance of fluid balance in the post-exercise period.
Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Sources among U.S Adults: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2001–2014
Authors: Xu Zhe , McClure Scott , Appel Lawrence
Published: June 2018

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that individuals should minimize their dietary cholesterol intake. However, current dietary cholesterol intake and its food sources have not been well-characterized. We examined dietary cholesterol intake by age, sex, race, and food sources using 24-h dietary recall data from a nationally representative sample of 5047 adults aged 20 years or older who participated in NHANES (2013–2014 survey cycle). We also reported trends in cholesterol intake across the past seven NHANES surveys. Mean dietary cholesterol intake was 293 mg/day (348 mg/day for men and 242 mg/day for women) in the 2013–2014 survey cycle; 39% of adults had dietary cholesterol intake above 300 mg/day (46% for men and 28% for women). Meat, eggs, grain products, and milk were the highest four food sources of cholesterol, contributing to 96% of the total consumption. Both average cholesterol intake and food source varied by age, sex, and race (each p < 0.05). Mean cholesterol intake of the overall population had been relatively constant at ~290 mg/day from 2001–2002 to 2013–2014 (p-trend = 0.98). These results should inform public health efforts in implementing dietary guidelines and tailoring dietary recommendations.