bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Management Systems (EMS) for a Decentralized Grid: A Review and Analysis of the Generation and Control Methods Impact on EMS Type and Topology
Authors: Kudzin Alexander , Takayama Satoshi , Ishigame Atsushi
Published: February 2025

Grid decarbonization is transitioning the generation method's (GM) topology towards a distributed energy resource (DER)‐centric decentralized topology. However, the control method (CM) and energy management system (EMS) are yet to decentralize, resulting in topological mismatch‐related issues that pose significant operational challenges. Due to the advantages of topological synergy, CM research is moving towards decentralized topologies. However, the EMS lacks a clear development path and defined target parameters. This study investigates the interdependencies between GM, CM, and EMS topologies, determining their relationship to forecast the future trajectory of EMS research and to determine robust evaluation parameters for EMS proposals. Topological analysis revealed a strong influence of one sector on another, placing significant pressure to decentralize the EMS. Utilizing these findings, a detailed evaluation of the proposed cloud‐edge, cluster, and blockchain‐based EMS proposals against the established parameters revealed that blockchain‐based architectures best aligned with the incoming decentralized GM and CM's limitations, requirements, and advantages, offering superior security, resilience, adaptability, and scalability. Furthermore, blockchain technology has largely overcome the regulatory barriers and technical challenges, such as communication overheads, making blockchain‐based EMS the most effective and efficient choice for a next‐gen EMS.
Simulation model of call service processes in a multiservice satellite network
Authors: Ponomarev Dmitrii , Demicheva Alena , Egorova Lyudmila
Published: February 2025

This article is the result of developing a simulation model of a multiservice satellite network for such services as voice and data transmission. The presence of several types of services leads to the need to form several procedures in the model both by the type of traffic and by the direction of transmission. At the same time, one of the main limitations in the satellite network is the finite nature of the frequency resources used, leading to call losses when establishing a connection. To assess the probabilistic and temporal characteristics of the studied satellite network, such as qualitative performance indicators, a simulation model of a satellite communication network was developed taking into account a specified number of service provision procedures and the associated parameters of communication sessions and frequency resource distribution processes. The simulation model is implemented in the GPSS Studio environment (GPSS World language) and allows analyzing the probabilistic and temporal characteristics of the system, such as the probability of packet and call losses, and the average queue value when servicing multiservice traffic. The results can be used in the synthesis, analysis and optimization of satellite data transmission networks.
Computing the dynamic AC of an electrical network via a fuzzy adaptive recurrent neural network
Authors: Mourtas Spyridon D.
Published: February 2025

The convergence and durability of zeroing neural networks (ZNN), a special family of recurrent neural networks, have been the subject of much recent research. Numerous time-varying problems in science and engineering have been successfully solved by ZNN dynamics. An improvement of the ZNN design for calculating the dynamic alternating current (AC) of an electrical network, which is a specific time-varying linear matrix equation problem, is proposed in this paper by utilizing a suitable defined neutrosophic-logic system (NS). In particular, the gain parameter in the ZNN architecture can be dynamically adjusted over time to accelerate the convergence of the ZNN model using an appropriate value that is acquired as the outcome of an adequately built NS. The results of the application demonstrate that the NS-based ZNN model defines the varying-gain parameter more effectively than the corresponding standard ZNN model.
Autonomous on-board object and phenomenon detection system
Authors: Mikhalev Anton , Guliutin Nikolai , Ermienko Nadezhda , Antamoshkin Oleslav
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of an autonomous on-board object and phenomenon detection system optimized for real-time performance and resource-constrained environments. The proposed framework integrates a multimodal sensor array, including RGB cameras and LiDAR, with lightweight deep learning algorithms for object detection, tracking, and classification. Four state-of-the-art detection models - YOLO, DETR, CenterNet, and M2Det - were examined using the Lacmus Drone Dataset, a publicly available collection of over 3,000 aerial images. Experimental results highlight that no single model consistently outperforms the others: YOLO excels in real-time scenarios due to its fast inference speed, whereas DETR achieves the highest accuracy at the expense of greater computational complexity. CenterNet offers a balanced approach for detecting smaller objects, and M2Det demonstrates strong performance in densely populated urban scenes. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of selecting model architectures based on mission requirements and hardware constraints, paving the way for more efficient and adaptive autonomous detection systems.
Using R/S analysis for forecasting stock quotes with ARMA and ARIMA methods
Authors: Stupina Alena , Zinenko Anna
Published: February 2025

The article observes the methods of forecasting time series Autoregressive Moving Average Model (ARMA) and Integrated Autoregressive Moving Average Model (ARIMA). The ARIMA model differs from the ARMA model only in that forecasting is performed not on absolute values of series levels, but on differences of order
d, which makes it possible to apply to non-stationary time series. Financial time series are traditionally considered non-stationary. However, the Hurst exponent less than or equal to 0.5 indicates a random or anti-persistent nature of time series. The paper assumes that for random or anti-persistent time series according to Hurst, there is no need to take differences and it is sufficient to apply the ARMA model for forecasting. To test the hypothesis, we carried out forecasts of leading world indices stocks and currency pairs with the Hurst exponent less than or equal to 0.5 for 10 years using the ARMA and ARIMA methods and compared the results using the MAPE metric. According to the ARMA method forecasts, in most cases the error was smaller, that confirmed the initial hypothesis.
Adaptive component crossover for differential evolution in solving single-objective optimization problems
Authors: Sopov Anton , Sopov Evgenii
Published: February 2025

With the increase of the complexity of engineering problems, evolutionary algorithms became an effective approach to black-box optimization problems. One of the most popular and promising evolutionary methods is the Differential Evolution algorithms. This method involves several evolutionary operators, including crossover, which is used to form offspring based on mutant and parent vectors, and is important in forming new generations of solutions. However, the classic differential evolution and its numerous modifications usually tends to use the single crossover mechanism to each of the variables of the system, therefore the properties and role of the subcomponents are not considered. That may lead to a slower convergence and increasing demands on computing resources. In this study we have proposed a novel Adaptive Component Crossover strategy for differential evolution, in which the crossover rate parameter is represented by a vector and its values are based on the behavior of the objective function on separate components. The experimental results on a set of benchmark problems have shown that the proposed scheme can improve the performance of the algorithm and, in particular, increase the convergence speed and crossover success rate.
A neural network regression model for predicting student learning success based on prior achievements
Authors: Dorrer Mikhail
Published: February 2025

The paper describes a project utilizing data analysis tools to predict student performance based on their prior achievements. The task was addressed using historical educational data from over 35,000 students over a span of seven years, containing information on 1.24 million grades. Neural network regression tools were employed to build models that predict future grades, thereby enhancing educational processes. The predictive capability of the model was assessed using the coefficient of determination and the root mean square error (RMSE) through 10-fold cross-validation of the dataset into training and testing sets. More than 70% of the developed grade prediction models demonstrated a coefficient of determination greater than 0.7, with the RMSE of predicted grades from actual values being less than one point on a five-point scale. This indicates a satisfactory solution to the prediction problem.
Systematische Übersichtsarbeit über die individuellen
biopsychosozialen Aspekte von Interventionen während einer physiologischen
Geburt bei Erstgebärenden
Authors: Berg Tina , Flunkert Stefanie , Brenner Erich
Published: February 2025

Der Geburtsprozesses umfasst biopsychosoziale Aspekte, deren Identifizierung
wenig beforscht ist. Diese systematische Übersichtsarbeit zielt darauf ab,
biopsychosoziale Aspekte bei Interventionen während einer physiologischen
Geburt von Erstgebärenden zu identifizieren und eine Effektivität dieser auf
Geburtsergebnisse einzuschätzen.

Eine systematische Leitlinienrecherche ergab die Definition einer
physiologischen Geburt Erstgebärender mit einem Einling aus Schädellage in
der 37+0 bis 42+0 Schwangerschaftswoche. Durch eine systematische
Literaturrecherche wurden Interventionsstudien nach der GRADE-Methodik auf
Evidenzqualität bewertet. Mittels strukturierter Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring
erfolgte die Identifizierung biopsychosozialer Aspekte.

Aus 20 Studien konnten 18 bio-organische, psychologische und soziologische
Aspekte identifiziert werden. Die Evidenzqualität war meist niedrig bis sehr
niedrig aufgrund mangelhafter Berichterstattung fetaler sowie maternaler
Endpunkte und Merkmale. Moderates Vertrauen zeigte Hebammenbetreuung sowie
Aromatherapie in die Steigerung der Spontangeburt, und Transkutane
Elektrische Nervenstimulation in die Verbesserung der Zufriedenheit,
subjektiver Schmerzwahrnehmung und den APGAR-Wert.

Identifizierte biopsychosoziale Aspekte ermöglichen eine multidimensionale
Erfassung der physiologischen Geburt und könnten zu einem biopsychosozialen
Betreuungsmodell führen. Unzureichende Evidenzqualität erlaubt keine
Ableitung spezifischer Interventionen. Studien über Geburtshilfe sollten
definierte Endpunkte und Merkmale zur Verbesserung der Evidenzqualität
anwenden.
Catalytic Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Amination of 2-Aminopyridines with Amines
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Shi Hang
Published: February 2025

Abstract Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a powerful strategy for rapid functional group transformations and has been applied extensively in arene functionalization. Electrophilic transition-metal-enabled π-coordination activation has emerged as a unique approach for catalyzing SNAr reactions of benzene derivatives. Traditionally, heteroarenes are considered resistant to π-coordination with transition metals because of preferential binding of the heteroatom to the metal. In our recent work, we demonstrated a π-coordination activation strategy for aminopyridines using a ruthenium(II) catalyst to enable SNAr reactions with amines as nucleophiles. The transient η⁶-pyridine complex serves as an electrophile, facilitating pyridyl C–N bond cleavage and providing access to a diverse array of pyridylamines. Additionally, this method enables the incorporation of chiral and ¹⁵N-labeled amines, expanding its synthetic utility.
Antiseizure Medication in the Setting of Systemic Illness: A Focused Review
Authors: Menon Bindu , Menon Medha , Yadav Praveen Kumar , Bardhan Mainak
Published: February 2025

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, and managing seizures can be challenging when other systemic illnesses are present, as these can affect the choice of antiseizure medication (ASM). Various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disorders, liver and kidney impairment, psychiatric conditions, porphyria, and thyroid dysfunction, can significantly influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ASMs. This requires careful selection of suitable ASMs based on their safety profiles and potential for drug interactions.

Traditional ASMs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate should be taken cautiously in individuals with cardiovascular disorders because of the possibility of side effects. Conversely, newer medications like lamotrigine and lacosamide (LCM) may offer safer alternatives.

Levetiracetam and LCM are examples of medications with minimal hepatic metabolism, which are recommended since hepatic dysfunction can impact the binding potential of ASMs and result in toxicity. Furthermore, drugs that are mostly eliminated by the kidneys may take longer to be eliminated due to renal impairment, necessitating dose adjustments or the consideration of alternate therapies.

ASMs can also affect psychiatric conditions; some medications may provide mood-stabilizing or antidepressant effects, while others may worsen psychiatric symptoms. Certain ASMs can trigger porphyria or disrupt thyroid function, necessitating careful monitoring and appropriate selection of treatments.

This review offers a comprehensive overview of considerations and recommendations for the use of ASMs in various systemic illnesses, highlighting the need for a sophisticated strategy to maximize managing seizures while reducing side effects and medication interactions.
Tuning the magnetic coupling of a porphyrin with the substrate through the intramolecular cyclization reaction
Authors: Gao Yixuan , Tao Lei , Wang Dongfei , Guo Hui , Chen Hui
Published: February 2025

One of the primary objectives in molecular nano-spintronics is to manipulate the electronic configurations of organic molecules with a d-electron center by suitable external means. Here, we demonstrate the tuning of the electronic configuration of tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (FeF20TPP) molecules on the Au(111) surface through a thermally induced intramolecular quadrauplicate cyclization reaction. During the reaction, the electronic configuration of a FeF20TPP molecule on the Au(111) surface changes from (d

z
2

1
d

π

3) to (d

z
2

2
d

π

2). We attribute this change to significant difference in the adsorption height and variations in coupling between the orbitals of central metal atoms and the Au(111) surface. To further validate this mechanism, we substituted the central Fe ion with a Mn ion, predicting that an electronic configuration transition would not occur in MnF20TPP and its product. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) revealed that the FeF20TPP on Au(111) exhibits no Kondo resonance, while its cyclization product exhibits Kondo dip near the Fermi level (E
F). In contrast, both the MnF20TPP and its product show pronounced Kondo dip at E
F. Our work marks a significant step forward in controlling molecular electronic configuration through on-surface chemical reactions, paving the way for advanced molecular spintronics.
Measurement of post-disruption runaway electron kinetic energy and pitch angle during final loss instability in DIII-D
Authors: Hollmann E M , Marini C , Rudakov D L , Martinez-Loran E , Beidler M , Herfindal J L , Shiraki D , Liu Y Q , Bykov I , Lvovskiy A , Lasnier C , Ren J , Ratynskaia S , Rizzi T , Paschalidis K , Tolias P , Kulachenko A , Pitts R A
Published: February 2025

Post-disruption runaway electron (RE) kinetic energy K and pitch angle

sin

ϑ

are critical parameters for determining resulting first wall material damage during wall strikes, but are very challenging to measure experimentally. During the final loss instability, confined RE K and

sin

ϑ

are reconstructed during center-post wall strikes for both high impurity (high-Z) and low impurity (low-Z) plasmas by combining soft x-ray, hard x-ray, synchrotron emission, and total radiated power measurements. Deconfined (wall impacting) RE

sin

ϑ

is then reconstructed for these shots by using time-decay analysis of infra-red imaging. Additionally, deconfined RE K and

sin

ϑ

are reconstructed for a low-Z downward loss shot by analyzing resulting damage to a sacrificial graphite dome limiter. The damage analysis uses multi-step modeling simulating plasma instability, RE loss orbits, energy deposition, and finally material expansion (MARS-F, KORC, GEANT-4, and finally COMSOL). Overall, mean kinetic energies are found to be in the range

⟨
K
⟩
≈
3
−
4

MeV for confined REs. KORC simulations indicate that the final loss instability process does not change individual RE kinetic energy K. Confined RE pitch angles are found to be fairly low initially pre-instability,

⟨

sin

ϑ
⟩
≈
0.1
−
0.2

, but appear to increase roughly 2

×

, to

⟨

sin

ϑ
⟩
≈
0.3
−
0.4

for both confined and deconfined REs during instability onset in the low-Z case; this increase is not observed in the high-Z case.
Global fixed point potential approach to frustrated antiferromagnets
Authors: Yabunaka Shunsuke , Delamotte Bertrand
Published: February 2025

We revisit the critical behavior of classical frustrated systems using the nonperturbative renormalization group (NPRG) equation. Our study is performed within the local potential approximation of this equation to which is added the flow of the field renormalization. Our flow equations are functional to avoid possible artifacts coming from the field expansion of the fixed point potential which consists in keeping only a limited number of coupling constants. We explain in detail our numerical implementation, its advantages and the difficulties encountered in the vicinity of d = 2. For N-component spins, the function

N
c

(
d
)

separating the regions of first and second order transitions in the (d, N) plane is computed for d between 4 and 2.3. Our results confirm what was previously found with cruder approximations of the NPRG equation and contradict both the fixed dimension perturbative approach and some of the results obtained within the conformal bootstrap approach.
Research of typical frame section of a fuselage against crash
Authors: Feng Zhenzhou , Wang Bin , Wang Cunxian , Suo Tao
Published: February 2025

This study focused on a typical fuselage section of a certain type of civil aircraft. Optimization of parameters such as the angle of floor-mounted columns, column structural forms, and column stiffness was conducted. Finite element models were developed for each parameter configuration. Commercial software was used to simulate the crash process of the fuselage section. By analyzing key crashworthiness parameters such as fuselage deformation and acceleration at the floor, it was determined that the fuselage section exhibited minimal acceleration overload when the column angle was 20°. The optimal design for crashworthiness was found to be the H-shaped column with moderate stiffness.
Research on the nose wheel rotation angle boundary of civil aircraft
Authors: Yu Qiao , Wang Yongjie , Wang Mingqian
Published: February 2025

Simulation is an important design tool in the engineering field. It plays a crucial role in the process of requirement analysis and confirmation in design. This paper first introduces the positioning of simulation in the design field and then establishes the models to analyze the nose wheel corner stability boundary based on mature dynamic models and the data from the engineering field. All these simulation models are built in the landing phase of an aircraft, considering the motion of an aircraft on the ground in this situation and analyzing the changes in the nose wheel steering angle under different weights. After analysis and calculation, we concluded that the higher the speed of the aircraft taxiing on the ground, the smaller the rotation angle of the nose wheels. The analysis results can be used as a reference for rotation angles in aircraft design.
Parameter identification of Steel-Net pad vibration isolator based on particle swarm optimization algorithms
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Ke
Published: February 2025

To prove the effectiveness and accuracy of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for parameter identification of steel wire mesh mat isolator. The influence of different loading conditions on the mechanical properties of steel wire mesh gasket elements was investigated. The sinusoidal loading test was carried out to obtain the test response data. The mechanical properties of the wire mesh mat are described by a double-fold model, and the parameter identification equation of the isolator is established. The model parameters are identified by particle swarm optimization and test response data. It is proved that the hysteresis curves calculated by the identified parameters agree well with the experimental results. It is proved that the particle swarm optimization algorithm is effective and accurate for the parameter identification of steel wire mesh mat isolator. It is a parameter identification method with engineering application value.
Study on the improvement of stall characteristics of civil aircraft in wind tunnel test
Authors: Zhang Li , Jiang Xiaoli , Li Qiujie , Zhou Xing
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the stall characteristics of civil aircrafts and increase the maximum available lift coefficient, this paper studied two types of aerodynamic combination measures through wind tunnel test--the inner slat gap seal and outer slat modification, as well as the inner slat stall bar and outer slat modification. The test results showed that the combination measures of the inner slat gap seal and outer slat modification can make the horizontal roll stall divergence angle at least 1° greater than the longitudinal stall angle of attack, and the turning roll stall divergence angle is at least 2° later than the longitudinal stall angle of attack. The combination measures of the inner slat stall bar and outer slat modification can make the horizontal roll stall divergence angle about 2° greater than the longitudinal stall angle of attack, and the turning roll stall divergence angle is also about 2° later than the longitudinal stall angle of attack. The test results indicate that the two types of aerodynamic combination schemes can improve the stall characteristics and change the stall type into the longitudinal stall.
The implementation of metrology calibration system for MLS
Authors: Sun Shixiang , Li Nuo , Jin Shan , He Qiuhong
Published: February 2025

The microwave landing system plays a crucial role in the aircraft landing for it provides high-precision ranging and other information for the sake of a safe aircraft landing. This paper presents the hardware design and software design of a metrology calibration system for the Microwave Landing Simulator (MLS). Due to the complexity of MLS’s functions and the output of weak time-division multiplexing multiplexed modulation signals, there are many difficulties that should be solved in its calibration process. In order to meet technical requirements and provide reliable support, this article establishes a dedicated metrology calibration scheme and designs the overall hardware and software of the calibration system. The microwave power amplifier is customized as required parameters including the demodulator, and the main control computers are chosen. Meanwhile, the software is developed with LabVIEW. Finally, the Metrology Calibration System is proposed to satisfy the metrology calibration.
Experimental study on the fireproof properties of electrical connectors
Authors: Zeng Tai , Wu Bin , Xie Fei , Su Zhengliang , Liu Xinyu
Published: February 2025

This study examines the fireproof capabilities of electrical connectors, specifically focusing on their performance under flame impact conditions. The research reveals critical failure points, including the connections between electrical connectors and cables, as well as the carbonization of insulation materials. Notably, connectors utilizing PSU-based insulation materials demonstrated remarkable resilience, withstanding a five-minute flame test, although they ultimately succumbed to carbonization. Specifically, connectors lasted for 2 minutes and 10 seconds without a firewall and up to 5 minutes and 38 seconds with a firewall. The findings offer valuable insights for enhancing the fireproof reliability and airworthiness compliance of aircraft engine components.
Research on control surface failure reconfiguration method for flying wing UAV
Authors: Meng Hangbiao , Bai Yalei , Qian Bangfei
Published: February 2025

To address the degradation of control performance and flight safety issues caused by actuator failures in flying wing UAVs, this paper introduces a reconfiguration strategy that combines active disturbance rejection dynamic inversion with the weighted pseudoinverse method. The strategy follows a modular design approach, dividing the controller into two independent modules: control allocation and control law. The control law employs a cascaded structure combining active disturbance rejection control with dynamic inversion, achieving decoupling of the control channels while providing real-time compensation for external disturbances and system uncertainties, thereby significantly enhancing system robustness. When the actuator fails, the control allocator uses the weighted pseudo-inverse method to reallocate the remaining functional actuators to offset the aerodynamic moment changes caused by the failure, enabling system reconfiguration. Simulation results demonstrate that this reconfiguration method can maintain accurate tracking of control commands even in the presence of actuator failures, ensuring safe UAV flight.
The ignition test and numerical simulation analysis of the combustion chamber with mini Г-vaporizer in windmill state
Authors: Qian Xin , Fan Taofeng
Published: February 2025

The combustion chamber ignition test system of a micro turbojet engine is used to simulate the 0.5Ma windmill environment to verify the influence of different nozzles in the vaporizer on the ignition performance. At the same time, the numerical simulation method will be relied on to analyze the atomization and vaporization mechanism in the vaporization tube. The following conclusions: When using a pyrotechnic igniter, the success rate of ignition of pressure atomizing nozzles or three-hole nozzles for fuel supply in the combustion chamber vaporizer is higher than direct-injection nozzle, because of the reduction of nozzle atomization particle size and the minor effect of vaporization rate on ignition. Improving the ignition Fuel-Air Ratio of the direct-injection nozzle can achieve successful ignition. Effective vaporization of the Fuel-Air Ratio is the main factor in improving the ignition success rate, but the ignition in a rich Fuel-Air Ratio can easily lead to a slow start of the engine and drag fire. The fuel injected by the pressure atomizing nozzle is evenly distributed in vaporizers, with good atomization but a low vaporization rate. The vaporization rate of the three-hole nozzle is 31%, which is slightly higher than the direct-injection nozzle. However, the shearing and wall breaking of the fuel droplets injected by the three-hole nozzle can effectively reduce the fuel atomization particle size.
Investigation of the tensile mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of 2D SiC/SiC composites in thermal, mechanical, and oxidation environments
Authors: Meng Yi , Yang Shengchun , Liu Xiaochuan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the macroscopic mechanical properties of 2D SiC/SiC composite materials through axial tensile tests conducted at room temperature, 1200°C argon atmosphere, and 1200°C/4kPa oxygen partial pressure. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to analyze the fracture surfaces under varying environmental conditions. The results show significant nonlinear stress-strain curves in all three temperature environments, with a 10% reduction in tensile strength observed at 1200°C in the argon atmosphere compared to room temperature. In the presence of oxygen at 1200°C, a slightly lower tensile strength is accompanied by increased data dispersion. Fracture surface analysis reveals degradation primarily in layering, interface delamination, and long fiber pull-out at 1200°C in the argon atmosphere. Different oxidation mechanisms between the two high-temperature environments lead to more severe interface layer oxidation and shorter fiber pull-out lengths under 1200°C/4kPa oxygen partial pressure.
Design of composite four-seater aircraft lightning zoning
Authors: Li Qunfang , Liu Fujia , Pan Qin , Guo Han
Published: February 2025

Carbon fiber composite aircraft, has a special vulnerability to lightning. In the event of a lightning strike, the lightning current will cause local high temperature, and form a large area of delamination and fluffing, which will result in the reduction of structural strength. In order to avoid the serious consequences of a lightning strike on composite aircraft, lightning protection design is necessary. The first step in lightning protection design is to carry out lightning zoning. In this paper, according to SAE ARP 5414, the preliminary lightning zoning of a certain type of composite four-seater aircraft is studied. Through the determination of the initial pilot attachment position, 1A zone, 1B zone, 1C zone, 2A zone, 2B zone, 3 zones, etc., a reasonable lightning partition of a certain type of composite four-seater aircraft is obtained, which provides a technical basis for the follow-up work. The research results have guiding significance for the lightning protection design of composite four-seater aircraft.
Study on the characteristics of inductively coupled plasma discharge at different frequencies under air background
Authors: Lei Fan , Wu Hongzhi , Zhang Zhaoyang
Published: February 2025

Simulation of the two-dimensional axisymmetric inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharge model under air background is carried out through the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics based on the hydrodynamic equations. The changes and distribution characteristics of plasma parameters are obtained and analyzed during the discharge process, including the electron density, the electronic temperature, and the macro-gas temperature of the plasma. The influence of different frequencies on flow field characteristics of ICP in the background of air is studied. The model fixed the input discharge power of 1000W and the pressure of 20Pa. The research results indicate that the plasma appears in the middle of the discharge chamber and gradually dissipates along the direction of the chamber wall. The macro-gas temperature near the inductive coil is higher than in other areas. In addition, rising discharge frequencies will lead to a decrease in plasma conductivity, which will cause the research object of plasma to gradually decrease. The proportion of O2 not only affects the relevant feature parameters of plasma, but also has an impact on the distribution of the spatial space of plasma.
Long-range transport and airborne measurements of VOCs using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry validated against GC-MS-canister data during the ASIA-AQ campaign
Authors: Oh Sea-Ho , Song Myoungki , Park Chaehyeong , Ko Dong-Hoon , Kang Seokwon , Lee Taehyoung , Park Jinsoo , Bae Min-Suk
Published: February 2025

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry, contributing to the formation of ozone, secondary PM2.5 production, and global warming. This study investigates the spatial distribution and long-range transport dynamics of VOCs over South Korea, using airborne observations conducted during the 2024 Asian Air Quality campaign. VOC concentrations were measured in urban, industrial, and long-range transport scenarios using proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography–MS with canister sampling. The results demonstrate that benzene shows significant vertical and spatial dispersion during long-range transport due to its intermediate atmospheric lifetime, which allows it to persist and impact downwind air quality. Additionally, Chlorinated VOCs, such as 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, display transport behaviors. Their relatively consistent concentrations during long-range transport emphasize the influence of industrial activities, including coal combustion and petrochemical processes, as major sources. Elevated levels of chlorinated VOCs were primarily associated with emissions from industrial regions in Chungnam, while aromatic VOCs were predominantly linked to urban traffic emissions. These findings underscore the need for international cooperation to combat transboundary pollution and highlight the importance of comprehensive air quality management strategies that address both urban and industrial emission sources. This study provides essential insights into the atmospheric behavior of VOCs and emphasizes the need for targeted policies to effectively regulate air pollution.
Impact of vibrations on lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: sources, degradation mechanisms, and testing standards
Authors: Awan Umar , Ghabraie Kazem , Zolfagharian Ali , Rolfe Bernard
Published: February 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) have a range of components that produce noise vibration harshness (NVH) at different frequencies compared to vehicles with an internal combustion engine. The propagation of random vibration frequencies from the mentioned sources to EV batteries can cause fatigue damage. Therefore, knowledge of the EV battery performance under extreme vibration conditions is important for evaluating the life and sustainability of battery packaging. In this review, we attempt to explain all possible sources of vibrations in EVs, the vibration-based degradation mechanism of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and international standards for the vibration testing of batteries. Three important vibration standards have been explained in this study: UN 38.3, IEC 62660-2, and SAE J2380, to compare the degradation of three forms of LIBs (pouch, prismatic, and cylindrical). This review investigated the impact of vibrations on EV batteries by drawing connections between vibration and battery performance, highlighting EV NVH sources, and discussing vibration standards for battery testing. In addition, the effect of vibration on the process of deterioration and the safety concerns of LIB cells are discussed. Finally, this study points out the research gaps that need to be addressed to improve the future performance of EV batteries.
Women and the Wolffian Philosophy
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: February 2025

Wolff’s impact upon women philosophers in the first half of the eighteenth century remains an important but under-appreciated aspect of his legacy. This chapter considers how the Wolffian philosophy served as an important point of reference, and departure, for the ambitious projects of two German thinkers: Luise Adelgunde Viktorie Gottsched and Johanna Charlotte Unzer. Gottsched’s most philosophically interesting contributions consist of translations (in a number of cases of works by female authors), whereas Unzer’s principal philosophical publication is a digest of Wolffian logic and metaphysics intended for female readers. Both women also adopt a distinctive philosophical agenda, which draws and expands upon Wolffian insights.
The Paradoxes of Sensation
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the impact of Wolff’s empirical psychology and focusses on one key component of his treatment, namely, the account of sensation. Contrary to scholarly consensus, sensation is assigned a role of central significance in Wolff’s metaphysics, in both his account of the nature and essence of the soul and his epistemology. The centrality of sensation becomes a key point of contention in the dispute with the Pietists as Lange in particular raises legitimate questions about its consistency with core Wolffian claims, especially the freedom of the will. These evident difficulties give rise to various sorts of strategies on the part of Wolffian thinkers to address them, and two notable examples are considered here, namely, those of A. G. Baumgarten and A. W. Amo.
G. F. Meier on the Fate of the Soul
Authors: Dyck Corey W.
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the variation and evolution within Wolffian discussions of immortality. The development of the discussion is traced from Wolff’s original presentation through to that of A. G. Baumgarten, whose account is notable for its sympathy with Pietist concerns. I then turn to G. F. Meier, who attempts to show, on grounds acceptable to the Wolffian, that all attempts to mathematically demonstrate that the soul is immortal, and that it will retain its distinctive capacities in the afterlife, are doomed to fall short. Significantly, these considerations lead Meier to develop a distinctive perspective on our certainty of immortality, one that locates the principal source of our certainty that the soul will survive the body’s death in the significance of that claim as a support for morality.
A New Civilization
Authors: Smil Vaclav
Published: February 2025

A new civilization created by the technical advances of the two pre-World War I generations was based on the unprecedented consumption of fossil energies (dominated by coal and liquid fuels). The eventual impacts of its fundamental inventions and innovations (be it electricity generation or production of new materials) would not have been possible without rapid gains in performance, above all to the rising capacities and efficiencies of new techniques. Some of its creators enjoyed longevity and wide acclaim, others had difficult, even tragic lives. The origins of many everyday activities that were common during the closing years of the twentieth century can be traced back not only to the Age of Synergy but, disproportionately, also to the 1880s, perhaps the most inventive decade in history.
New Realities and Counterintuitive Worlds
Authors: Smil Vaclav
Published: February 2025

Great technical transformation created a new, increasingly anthropogenic, world with, inevitably, many desirable gains and many regrettable losses. High-energy societies experience unprecedented quality of life, enjoy instant communication, and high-speed travel, but some of these achievements have already reached or are approaching performance plateaus. Globalization of economies led to greater interdependence, to some highly concentrated productive capacities (be it in transportation or computing), and to high productivities as well to the transformation of labor (shift to services), but it has not eliminated many inequalities. The most worrisome obverse of these global transformations has been large-scale environmental degradation. The mass of the human global population has, long ago, surpassed the mass of all wild mammals; entire ecosystems have been altered or destroyed; despite increasing controls, many pollutants exceed safe levels; and the rising emissions of greenhouse gases created a worrisome case of new, global environmental change that has no ready technical fixes.
Optimizing Drug Sensitivity Assays in Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids: A Comparison of IC50 Estimation Methods and Experimental Parameters
Authors: Chen Yidan , Zhang Jian , Zhang Bin , Lee Hong Kai , Xie Suyao , Shen Wei , Chen Xueqin , You Mingliang , Shen Chongyang , Xia Bing , Xing Huayang
Published: February 2025

Background

Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) hold immense potential for personalized drug sensitivity testing, but accurate efficacy determination is crucial for clinical translation. This study investigated factors influencing the accuracy and reproducibility of drug sensitivity measurements in PDOs, focusing on half-maximal-inhibitory-concentration (IC50) calculation methods, drug concentration numbers, and plate types.

Methods

PDOs were established from six primary cancer tissues, including two cervical resections, one lung biopsy, one lung pleural effusion, one breast biopsy, and one gastric resection. They were subjected to drug sensitivity assays with 21 single/combined treatments, encompassing chemotherapy and targeted therapy drugs, with concentrations standardized in fold. Utilizing 6- and 12-concentration setups, IC50 derived from GraphPad-Dose-response–Inhibition (DRI), LC-logit, and LC-probit methods were compared. Relative changes (RCs) in IC50 and area-under-the dose-response-curve (AUC) between setups and the impact of plate type on cell viability measurements were assessed.

Results

In the 12-concentration setup, no significant IC50 differences were observed among the calculation methods. Notably, GraphPad-DRI and LC-logit exhibited minimal RCs between the 6- and 12-concentration setups (0.035 and -0.033, respectively), indicating accurate IC50 quantification even with fewer drug concentrations. AUC correlated strongly with GraphPad-DRI-derived IC50 (R = 0.858) and demonstrated lower variance between technical replicates. Furthermore, opaque-bottom plates yielded higher precision in cell viability measurements compared to transparent-bottom plates.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable insights into optimizing drug sensitivity testing in PDOs. By demonstrating the robustness of specific IC50 calculation methods and the feasibility of using fewer drug concentrations, this study contributed to the standardization and reliability of PDO-based drug sensitivity assays.
Role of the nucleotide excision repair function of CETN2 in the inhibition of the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to oxaliplatin
Authors: Tang Hengcheng , Zi Huaduan , Zhou Donghu , Li Yanmeng , Li Xiaojin , Chen Zhibin , Zhu Qianyu , Ouyang Qin , He Pingping , Chen Sisi , Li Yanling , Long Jiang , Huang Jian
Published: February 2025

Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy agents like oxaliplatin (OXA) poses significant challenges in the treatment of cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Centrin 2 (CETN2), which functions in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage, is overexpressed in HCC. We investigated the potential role of CETN2 in modulating the sensitivity of HCC cells to OXA. CETN2 expression correlated with decreased OXA sensitivity in Huh7 and Hep3B HCC cell lines. CETN2 forms a complex with XPC, which is crucial for the initial DNA damage recognition in NER, thereby enhancing NER and reducing the efficacy of OXA. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CETN2 increased OXA-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, confirming its role in chemoresistance. Moreover, overexpression of CETN2 inhibited OXA-induced DNA damage, an effect partially reversed by XPC knockdown. Our findings highlight CETN2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in overcoming OXA resistance in HCC and suggest the possibility for CETN2 inhibitors in enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy in the treatment of HCC.
The Role of Mindset in Education : A Large-Scale Field Experiment in Disadvantaged Schools
Authors: Huillery Elise , Bouguen Adrien , Charpentier Axelle , Algan Yann , Chevallier Coralie
Published: February 2025

This article shows that a four-year mindset intervention in disadvantaged middle schools led to a 0.05 standard deviation increase in GPA, associated with more optimistic beliefs, more self-criticism, and improved school behaviour. Treatment effects were larger in terms of both GPA and National Exam results for students with relatively better social, academic, and discipline profiles. According to international empirical benchmarks, this mindset intervention is highly cost-effective but the effect size remains small despite repeated exposure over four years.
From Eggs to Guts: Symbiotic Association of Sodalis nezarae sp. nov. with the Southern Green Shield Bug Nezara viridula
Authors: Rogowska-van der Molen Magda A , Manzano-Marín Alejandro , Postma Jelle L , Coolen Silvia , van Alen Theo , Jansen Robert S , Welte Cornelia U
Published: February 2025

Phytophagous insects engage in symbiotic relationships with bacteria that contribute to digestion, nutrient supplementation, and development of the host. The analysis of shield bug microbiomes has been mainly focused on the gut intestinal tract predominantly colonized by Pantoea symbionts, and other microbial community members in the gut or other organs have hardly been investigated. In this study, we reveal that the Southern green shield bug Nezara viridula harbours a Sodalis symbiont in several organs, with a notable prevalence in salivary glands, and anterior regions of the midgut. Removing external egg microbiota via sterilization profoundly impacted insect viability but did not disrupt the vertical transmission of Sodalis and Pantoea symbionts. Based on the dominance of Sodalis in testes, we deduce that N. viridula males could be involved in symbiont vertical transmission. Genomic analyses comparing Sodalis species revealed that Sodalis sp. Nvir shares characteristics with both free-living and obligate insect-associated Sodalis spp. Sodalis sp. Nvir also displays genome instability typical of endosymbiont lineages, which suggests ongoing speciation to an obligate endosymbiont. Together, our study reveals that shield bugs harbour unrecognized symbionts that might be paternally transmitted.
Aging and Mentorship in the Margins: Multigenerational Knowledge Transfer among LGBTQ+ Chosen Families
Authors: Perone Angela K , Toman Lindsay , Glover Reed Beth , Coldon Tré , Osborne Ashlee , Cook Justice
Published: February 2025

Objectives

For LGBTQ+ communities, learning often happens among chosen families, including older adults. Building on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of capital (e.g., economic, social, cultural, symbolic) and queer theory of sexual capital, this article examines how LGBTQ+ chosen families share expertise to build knowledge and power across the life course.

Methods

Using a transformative sequential mixed methods design from a larger project, this subproject includes data from six intracategorical focus groups with multigenerational and multiracial LGBTQ+ participants (n=37), including older adults, in a Midwestern community to center their voices, understand their experiences within and outside LGBTQ+ communities, foreground experiences of LGBTQ+ aging, and explore challenges and supports.

Results

We identified three ways in which LGBTQ+ chosen families shared knowledge about various forms of capital: latent mentorship, bi- or multi-directional mentorship, and transgressive mentorship. We call these three types of knowledge sharing “mentorship in the margins,” in which knowledge is shared within and among communities whose intersecting positionalities both limit and expand ways to imagine mentorship for navigating structural barriers and social, economic, and political inequities, especially regarding shared housing, family formation, and marriage equality.

Discussion

The breadth and depth of multigenerational transfers of knowledge across the life course demonstrate the centrality of multigenerational chosen families for LGBTQ+ communities as they age, especially among multiply-minoritized communities (e.g., transgender women, BIPOC same-gender-loving communities). Knowledge shared among chosen families also reflects how “mentorship in the margins” builds individual and collective power that helps LGBTQ+ communities survive and thrive as they age.