bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Home-based nurturing care practices for children under five with low socioeconomic position in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Nelson Adrianne Katrina , Sánchez-Vincitore Laura , Patricia Frias Melanie , Susana Michelle Marie , Kendall Carl , Theall Katherine , Vibbert Martha , Luft Heidi , Castro Arachu
Published: February 2025

Background

In the Dominican Republic about 14.5% of children do not reach their full potential by age five, with children of low socioeconomic position most affected. The Nurturing Care Framework is an evidence-informed actionable framework to help children thrive, but we must first understand cultural contexts and childrearing practices that contribute to delay. This study applies the Nurturing Care Framework to explore the context of home-based care among young children in the Dominican Republic.

Methods

We conducted a sociodemographic survey and semi-structured qualitative interview with 25 mothers ages 19–42 (7 under the age of 18 at first birth) with low socioeconomic position and children under five that live in the capital city Santo Domingo. We asked in-depth questions about the Nurturing Care Framework’s domains of responsive caregiving and opportunities for early learning. We used consensual coding and deductive thematic analysis to analyze transcriptions, examined convergence and divergence in themes between adolescent and adult mothers, and organized themes using concept mapping.

Results

A few mothers provide responsive caregiving to their child, but they are unaware of its benefit to their child’s development. Adolescent mothers expressed lower confidence in their mothering skills. Across age groups, mothers did not see themselves as agents of change in their child’s early learning process and allow several hours of videos each day. Mothers provide children opportunities for learning through social interaction, a possible strength among this population. With regards to security and safety, about half of mothers use corporal punishment, all but one of these is an adolescent mother.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the need for parenting programs that build on strengths such as child-to-child social interaction and provide parents with opportunities to develop knowledge and skills to provide early learning opportunities. Interventions should target families with low socioeconomic position and adolescent mothers.
Impact of manufacturers’ eco-design decisions on the closed-loop supply chain under recycling rate regulations
Authors: Liu Wenxia , Jiang Jiang , Mao Zhixin , Liu Honglei
Published: February 2025

To address increasingly severe environmental issues, various countries have introduced relevant environmental protection regulations. This paper proposes a new government regulation measure to encourage manufacturers to improve recycling rates. Governments set recycling rate targets and reward-penalty mechanisms. This paper constructs a game model involving a manufacturer and a remanufacturer within a closed-loop supply chain system. It studies the equilibrium decisions in three scenarios: no government intervention, manufacturers not taking improvement measures despite government-set recycling rate targets, and manufacturers adopting ecological design after such targets are established. Results indicate that after governments establish recycling rate target: (1) After manufacturers adopt ecological design, the prices of new and remanufactured products decrease, sales volume increases, and the profits of both manufacturers and remanufacturers rise. Therefore, manufacturers would be well-advised to adopt eco-design strategies to enhance the level of recycling. (2) As the recycling rate target increase, the level of ecological design decreases, and the prices of new and remanufactured products rise. It is recommended that governments initially set lower recycling rate targets and then gradually increase them. (3) With the increase in the reward-penalty coefficient, the level of ecological design rises, and the price of new products first increases and then decreases. When remanufacturing is unrestricted, the prices of remanufactured products decrease; however, when remanufacturing is restricted, the prices of remanufactured products first increase and then decrease. Therefore, governments would be well-advised to establish a relatively high reward-penalty coefficient.
Privacy-preserving method for face recognition based on homomorphic encryption
Authors: Song Zhigang , Wang Gong , Yang Wenqin , Li Yunliang , Yu Yinsheng , Wang Zeli , Zheng Xianghan , Yang Yang
Published: February 2025

In recent years, facial recognition technology has been widely adopted in modern society. However, the plaintext storage, computation, and transmission of facial data have posed significant risks of information leakage. To address this issue, this paper proposes a facial recognition framework based on approximate homomorphic encryption (HE_FaceNet), aimed at effectively mitigating privacy leaks during the facial recognition process. The framework first utilizes a pre-trained model to extract facial feature templates, which are then encrypted. The encrypted templates are matched using Euclidean distance, with the final recognition being performed after decryption. However, the time-consuming nature of homomorphic encryption calculations limits the practical applicability of the HE_FaceNet framework. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces an optimization scheme based on clustering algorithms to accelerate the facial recognition process within the HE_FaceNet framework. By grouping similar faces into clusters through clustering analysis, the efficiency of searching encrypted feature values is significantly improved. Performance analysis indicates that the HE_FaceNet framework successfully protects facial data privacy while maintaining high recognition accuracy, and the optimization scheme demonstrates high accuracy and significant computational efficiency across facial datasets of varying sizes.
Gender, kinship, and other social predictors of incrimination in the inquisition register of Bologna (1291–1310): Results from an exponential random graph model
Authors: Zbíral David , Riccardo Katia , Hampejs Tomáš , Brys Zoltán
Published: February 2025

The medieval inquisition of heresy strongly relied on depositions, where witnesses were expected to report on the crimes of others and oneself. The resulting patterns of incrimination could be influenced by various factors, including the characteristics of the underlying dissident social network; the investigators’ choices and biases; the trial circumstances, some of which must have exerted considerable pressure upon deponents; and the deponents’ decisions to protect some suspects more than others. This case study aimed at disentangling selected social factors of incrimination in the register of the inquisition in Bologna, 1291–1310. We used social network analysis and, more specifically, an Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) to assess the influence of four social predictors: gender, churchperson status, membership of the urban “middle class”, and kinship ties between incriminators and the incriminated. To increase the validity of our results, we controlled for various trial circumstances and structural parameters of the incrimination network. Our model corroborated a tendency towards female-to-female incrimination, while we did not find any positive or negative tendency towards male-to-male incrimination. We identified no effect of churchperson status on incriminating, while we found that among Cathars, members of the middle class were more likely to be incriminated than people without this status. Our model also corroborated the tendency to incriminate one’s kinship group. Overall, our study underlines the relevance, but also the non-trivial operation, of social and demographic predictors in medieval heresy trials.
A privacy-preserved horizontal federated learning for malignant glioma tumour detection using distributed data-silos
Authors: Sharma Shagun , Guleria Kalpna , Dogra Ayush , Gupta Deepali , Juneja Sapna , Kumari Swati , Nauman Ali
Published: February 2025

Malignant glioma is the uncontrollable growth of cells in the spinal cord and brain that look similar to the normal glial cells. The most essential part of the nervous system is glial cells, which support the brain’s functioning prominently. However, with the evolution of glioma, tumours form that invade healthy tissues in the brain, leading to neurological impairment, seizures, hormonal dysregulation, and venous thromboembolism. Medical tests, including medical resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, biopsy, and electroencephalograms are used for early detection of glioma. However, these tests are expensive and may cause irritation and allergic reactions due to ionizing radiation. The deep learning models are highly optimal for disease prediction, however, the challenge associated with it is the requirement for substantial memory and storage to amalgamate the patient’s information at a centralized location. Additionally, it also has patient data-privacy concerns leading to anonymous information generalization, regulatory compliance issues, and data leakage challenges. Therefore, in the proposed work, a distributed and privacy-preserved horizontal federated learning-based malignant glioma disease detection model has been developed by employing 5 and 10 different clients’ architectures in independent and identically distributed (IID) and non-IID distributions. Initially, for developing this model, the collection of the MRI scans of non-tumour and glioma tumours has been done, which are further pre-processed by performing data balancing and image resizing. The configuration and development of the pre-trained MobileNetV2 base model have been performed, which is then applied to the federated learning(FL) framework. The configurations of this model have been kept as 0.001, Adam, 32, 10, 10, FedAVG, and 10 for learning rate, optimizer, batch size, local epochs, global epochs, aggregation, and rounds, respectively. The proposed model has provided the most prominent accuracy with 5 clients’ architecture as 99.76% and 99.71% for IID and non-IID distributions, respectively. These outcomes demonstrate that the model is highly optimized and generalizes the improved outcomes when compared to the state-of-the-art models.
Acceptability and implementation potential of colorectal cancer screening and health literacy training: A qualitative study among general practitioners in deprived areas
Authors: Cazorla Géraldine , Redmond Niamh M. , Lamouroux Aurore , Boirot Alix , Rotily Michel , Addamiano Maria Claudia , Balamou Christian , Doukhi Zineb , Kaou Myriam , Couranjou Françoise , Delpierre Cyrille , Mancini Julien , Durand Marie-Anne
Published: February 2025

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related burden, ranking second in cancer mortality in France. Despite the proven survival benefits of systematic CRC screening, uptake remains suboptimal, particularly among people with limited health literacy (HL) and lower socioeconomic position. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of an e-learning training programme on HL and CRC screening among general practitioners (GPs) in deprived areas while also exploring strategies for its promotion and scale-up.

Methods

A qualitative study nested within the DECODE cluster-randomised controlled trial (NCT04631692) across four French regions was conducted. Semi-structured interviews (phone or online) were carried out to capture opinions, experiences, and recommendations of GPs in the intervention arm. Thematic analysis, employing manual and NVivo coding, was performed.

Results

The majority of 22 GPs (16/22) found the training acceptable, informative, tailored to their knowledge needs and offering great flexibility of use. The module on HL garnered more interest than the one on CRC screening, as it addressed a relatively new area for many GPs. It facilitated reflection on patient communication techniques and identified areas for improvement in physician-patient interaction. A perceived gap in the training was the insufficient interactivity in both didactic and virtual group sessions.

Conclusion

The findings of this study show high acceptability of the e-learning training by participants, indicating a potential for implementation, if kept concise, self-paced, asynchronous, and with a stronger focus on HL. The training helped GPs reflect on their practices, enhance HL knowledge, and improve patient communication strategies, leading some to adopt new techniques in daily interactions with low HL patients, beyond just screening.
WDR75: An essential protein for ribosome assembly undergoing purifying selection
Authors: Lee Lauren , Whittall Justen B.
Published: February 2025

Ribosomes, vital for life, consist of a large subunit and a small subunit (SSU), the latter is crucial for translation initiation and mRNA binding. The SSU processome, a 71-protein multimer in humans, is an intermediate in ribosome formation. One of its constituents, WDR75 plays a pivotal role by binding to an evolutionary conserved motif in the external transcribed spacer region of the rRNA to help form the SSU. Herein, we explore mammalian WDR75 molecular evolution, 3D structure, and phylogeny in light of its essential role in the SSU processome. We predict to find the footprint of purifying selection, especially at sites that are essential for proper ribosome assembly. In our comparison of 70 mammalian WDR75 sequences, we found ~25% of sites with significant purifying selection and no evidence of positive selection. Purifying selection was ~5x stronger for sites folding into beta-sheets than those predicted to be coils. Phylogenetic analysis validated expected mammalian relationships and uncovered an unusually long branch leading to mouse-eared bats, exhibiting 18x more substitutions per site than the average mammalian substitution rate. In testing for molecular evolution among branches, we found no evidence for purifying selection along any individual branches, but unexpectedly detected significant diversifying selection solely among African great apes.
Association between glycosylated hemoglobin and blood lead: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Wei , Jing Pengfei , Zhao Hongsen , Cheng Jibo , Yang Zewei , He Fan , Lv Shuquan
Published: February 2025

Background

Diabetes is the most common chronic metabolic disease, affecting many people's health. Previous studies have shown a close relationship between trace elements and metabolic diseases. This study investigated the interrelationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood lead (BPb) in adults.

Method

This research was carried out involving 12,049 eligible individuals aged 20 years or above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2011 to 2020. Weighted linear regression models and smoothed curve fitting were employed to investigate the association between HbA1c and blood lead. Analyses were stratified based on age, sex, race, and body mass index, and threshold effects were explored using two-stage segmented linear regression models.

Result

Among all 12049 participants, through comprehensive adjustment of the model, this study discovered a negative association between HbA1c and blood lead. In addition, when stratified by sex, age, race, and BMI status in subgroup analysis in this study, this correlation still had specific statistical significance. In performing subgroup analyses, we found that the relationship between HbA1c and blood lead may yield distinct outcomes arise from gender disparities. In women, a significant U-shaped association exists between HbA1c and BPb. At approximately 6.6% of HbA1c value, the relationship between the two shifts from negative to positive.

Conclusion

This investigation proposes a “U” form association between HbA1c and BPb in American adults.
Cosmetics Marketing: Strategy and Innovation in the Beauty Industry, Lindsay Karchin and Delphine Horvath (2023)
Authors: Arrington Deidra W.
Published: February 2025

Review of: Cosmetics Marketing: Strategy and Innovation in the Beauty Industry, Lindsay Karchin and Delphine Horvath (2023)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 253 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35029-943-6, p/bk, $44.95
Textiles on Film, Becky Peterson (2024)
Authors: Baeza Chris
Published: February 2025

Review of: Textiles on Film, Becky Peterson (2024)

London: Bloomsbury, 184 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35002-655-1, h/bk, $70.00
New Approaches to Decolonizing Fashion History and Period Styles: Refashioning Pedagogies, Ashley Bellet (ed.) (2024)
Authors: Becker Payton
Published: February 2025

Review of: New Approaches to Decolonizing Fashion History and Period Styles: Refashioning Pedagogies, Ashley Bellet (ed.) (2024)

New York: Routledge, 228 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-03223-542-4, p/bk, $42.95
Shirts, Shifts and Sheets of Fine Linen: British Seamstresses from the 17th to the 19th Century, Pam Inder (2024)
Authors: Lamb Renée
Published: February 2025

Review of: Shirts, Shifts and Sheets of Fine Linen: British Seamstresses from the 17th to the 19th Century, Pam Inder (2024)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 311 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35025-296-7, h/bk, $115.00

ISBN 978-1-35025-297-4, e-PDF, $103.50

ISBN 978-1-35025-298-1, e-book, $103.50
Hang Ups: Reflections on the Causes and Consequences of Fashion’s ‘Western’-Centrism, Benjamin Linley Wild (2024)
Authors: Sperling Joy
Published: February 2025

Review of: Hang Ups: Reflections on the Causes and Consequences of Fashion’s ‘Western’-Centrism, Benjamin Linley Wild (2024)

London, New York, New Delhi and Sydney: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 292 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35019-724-4, h/bk, $103.50

ISBN 978-1-35019-723-7, p/bk, $34.15

ISBN 978-1-35019-725-1, e-PDF, $27.32

ISBN 978-1-35019-726-8, e-book, $27.32
Think Pink! Una arquitectura queer: la cabaña de Derek Jarman en Dungeness
Authors: Mesa-del-Castillo Miguel
Published: February 2025

Prospect Cottage es una pequeña construcción de madera que el poeta, artista, jardinero y cineasta Derek Jarman habitó desde 1986, cuando fue diagnosticado seropositivo por VIH, hasta su muerte a causa de las complicaciones derivadas de la enfermedad. La cabaña de Jarman está situada en el cabo Dungeness (Reino Unido), uno de los puntos más estrechos del canal de la Mancha. La casa disfruta de un entorno bastante enigmático, en el que se levantan grandes infraestructuras industriales cerca de la playa, con una climatología a veces extrema y con una extraña naturaleza costera de vegetación baja resistente a los embates de los fuertes vientos. La arquitectura y el jardín de Prospect Cottage, constituyen un extraordinario ejemplo de arquitectura culturalmente comprometida y activamente enrolada en la defensa de un buen mundo común, diverso y militante, además de un importante lugar de encuentro para las personas devotas de la obra de Jarman y de su inmenso talento poético puesto al servicio de un singular compromiso político y un incansable activismo por los derechos de las personas LGBTIQ+ y contra cualquier forma de represión y discriminación. Este texto propone un examen de la arquitectura y el paisajismo de Prospect Cottage como un potente dispositivo político mediante el que su autor, en un momento crítico para la historia reciente del Reino Unido, desplegó una forma de medioambientalismo disidente logrando desencadenar una multitud de encuentros sensuales más-que-humanos entre plantas, insectos, residuos procedentes del mar, fuertes vientos, vínculos de afecto, grandes infraestructuras industriales, etc., que constituyen un dique de contención melancólico y de memoria ética de las vidas aplastadas por la represión thatcheriana y por la trágica epidemia de VIH en los años 80 del siglo pasado. Prospect Cottage, lejos de ser un retiro para un enfermo, es una obra de arquitectura para la imaginación y la práctica política de Jarman, que se expande en su cine, su poesía, su práctica paisajística, su arquitectura y en su incansable y resistente actividad creativa.
Results of Measuring Lactate Levels Value in Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Muzakkie Mufida , Adhania Karnissa Rizkia
Published: February 2025

Introduction : Free flap surgery which is performed by transferring tissue along with its vascularization, can fail due to vascular compromised which cause by thrombosis formation either in vein or artery. Disruption of blood flow patency that not treated immediately can cause ischemia and necrosis occurred in free flap, especially within five days after reconstruction. Previous study has proven that free flap monitoring with lactate levels measurement can accurately for evaluate the occurrence vascular compromised in free flap.Method : This study is a descriptive observational study with cross-sectional design. It was conducted by observing medical record of free flap reconstruction patient from November 2022 until November 2023 at Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Data collection was carried out using total sampling technique and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 with univariate technique.Result : Free flap with vascular compromise has higher lactate levels value than viable one. Lactate levels value transition of viable free flap showed an increase after anastomosis and gradually decrease at the next assessment time, while lactate levels in free flap with vascular compromise increased to above reference value, mainly on the first day vascular compromise occurred.Conclusion: Clinical monitoring which combined with lactate levels assessment can accelerate the diagnose of blood flow patency disruption in free flap so that cause success rate improvement and better prognosis of free flap reconstruction patients.
Bottle Versus Syringe Feeding After Palatoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Permana Lucky , Bangun Kristaninta , Menna Clara , Amaliah Rizky
Published: February 2025

Introduction : Postoperative feeding after palatoplasty should be initiated immediately to maintain nutritional intake while preserving the palatal sutures to avoid trauma or tension that can lead to wound rupture. Currently, there is no consensus on post-palatoplasty preferred feeding method. This study aims to compare bottle versus syringe feeding in post-palatoplasty patients.Method : A systematic search was conducted in five databases namely PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and CINAHL, with the following keywords; palatoplasty, cleft palate repair, bottle feeding, syringe feeding, outcome, complication, growth, and nutrition. The selected studies were critically appraised using the Oxford CEBM (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) critical appraisal tools.Results: Two studies were included, with a total of 162 subjects. Both studies found that the formation of postoperative wound dehiscence and weight gain did not significantly differ between bottle and syringe groups. However, faster weight gain was observed in the bottle group. Habits and cultural factors could influence the outcomes of these studies.Conclusion: Bottle feeding is not significantly inferior to using syringe in terms of short-term postoperative complications, and can be used as an alternative feeding method for post-palatoplasty patients.
Morphometric Variation of Maxilla in Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital
Authors: Muzakkie Mufida , Toline Lawrencia , Devi Ratna Sari , Maritska Ziske
Published: February 2025

Background: Morphometry is a quantitative approach to finding information about variations in the shape of organisms. The maxilla has a central position and plays a vital role in supporting the viscerocranium. Morphometric variations are beneficial in reconstructive procedures and are an essential reference in plastic surgery. However, this study is currently limited. This study aims to determine variations in the maxillary morphometry of patients at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital that may become a reference for maxillary reconstruction.
Method: This descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach aims to identify variations in maxillary morphometry in patients treated at RSUP Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. The study is directed at describing a community or society to create an objective picture or description of a condition. It continues by analyzing and comparing maxillary morphometry based on gender.
Results: In this study, the results were obtained from as many as 96 samples (male, n = 60, female, n = 36). Variable of male and female were assessed, namely intercanine width (3.58 ± 0.27cm; 3.44 ± 0.18cm), intermolar width (5.64 ± 0.43cm; 5.47 ± 0.27cm), arch length (3.31 ± 0.38cm; 3.32 ± 0.31cm, and palate height (2.46 ± 0.28cm; 2.35 ± 0.22cm) significant results were obtained that the dimensions of the male maxilla were more significant than those of females.
Conclusion: There are variations in maxillary morphometry based on gender. Males have larger inter canine width, intermolar width, and palate height morphometry than females.
Complicated Diverticulitis: A Rare Long-Term Complication After Esophagectomy With Colon Interposition
Authors: Veenstra Fokkelein , van Duyn Eino , Venneman Niels G. , van den Beukel Barend
Published: February 2025

Colon interposition, a rare esophageal reconstructive procedure, can lead to late complications such as diverticulitis in the transplanted colon segment. This case involves a 65-year-old man who presented with a neck swelling 60 years after a colon interposition following caustic ingestion. A diagnosis of diverticulitis with an abscess was confirmed on a computed tomography scan after an initial diagnosis of diverticulitis, and subsequent abscess drainage was performed. Despite the development of a colocutaneous fistula, it closed spontaneously after eight weeks. The pathophysiology involves altered colonic conditions postsurgery. Management includes antibiotics and drainage, but treatment for such fistulas remains uncertain, requiring a tailored approach.
Editorial
Authors: Mello Heliana Ribeiro de
Published: February 2025

Possui graduação em Letras pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (1987), mestrado em Linguística pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (1990) e pela City University of New York (1992), e doutorado (1997) e pós-doutorado (1998) em Linguística pela City University of New York. Atualmente é Professor Associado da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
The Influence of Income, Company Reputation, and Waiting Lists for Hajj on The Interest of Generation Z in Saving for Hajj Deposits in Islamic Banks.
Authors: Misbakhul Munir  , Saibil Defi Insani , Dery Alfian Saputra
Published: February 2025

Research Aims: The study aims to explore the influence of income, company reputation, and waiting lists for hajj on the interest of Generation Z in saving for hajj deposits in Islamic banks.
Methodology: This research employs a quantitative descriptive methodology, using regression analysis tools and the SPSS 24 software. A total of 128 respondents from Cirebon Regency were surveyed to gather relevant data.
Research Findings: The findings reveal that each independent variable, including income, company reputation, and waiting lists, significantly influences the dependent variable, with the highest impact attributed to company reputation. This demonstrates that a positive image of the bank plays a crucial role in attracting potential customers.
Theoretical Contribution: This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the key factors influencing Generation Z's motivation to save for hajj in Islamic banks, specifically emphasizing the importance of company reputation in this context.
Research limitation and implication: The study is limited to the Cirebon Regency and may not be generalizable to other regions. Future research could expand the demographic scope and examine additional factors that influence saving behaviors among different populations. The findings imply that banks should strive to maintain a positive reputation to effectively attract and retain customers, alongside considering other relevant factors in product marketing.
IMPLEMENTASI FINGERPRINT PADA RANCANGAN PROTOTIPE SMART HOME MENGGUNAKAN METODE KEAMANAN KRIPTOGRAFI VIGENERE CIPHER DAN CAESAR CIPHER
Authors: Salsabila Dinah , Suroso Suroso , Endri Jon
Published: February 2025

Meningkatnya angka kriminalitas dan pemborosan energi listrik menjadi perhatian utama dalam pengembangan teknologi rumah pintar (Smart Home). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototipe Smart Home berbasis autentikasi sidik jari (Fingerprint) yang diperkuat dengan metode keamanan kriptografi Vigenere Cipher dan Caesar Cipher. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mengontrol akses pintu, lampu, dan alarm, sekaligus melindungi data yang ditransmisikan dalam lingkungan Smart Home. Penelitian ini meliputi perancangan perangkat keras dan lunak, pengujian integrasi, serta analisis performa sistem. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem Fingerprint mampu memverifikasi dan menolak sidik jari dengan tingkat keberhasilan 100%, menunjukkan keandalan autentikasi. Metode kriptografi Vigenere Cipher dan Caesar Cipher efektif dalam mengenkripsi dan melindungi data selama transmisi, memastikan keamanan informasi dari serangan pihak ketiga. Prototipe menunjukkan integrasi yang baik antara perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, dengan kontrol perangkat melalui sensor Fingerprint dan website yang berfungsi optimal. Sistem memiliki waktu respon yang cepat, yaitu 1 detik untuk autentikasi sidik jari, 0.5 detik untuk enkripsi Vigenere Cipher, 0.3 detik untuk Caesar Cipher, dan 0.2 detik untuk pengiriman data melalui website. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa prototipe yang dikembangkan andal, efisien, dan aman untuk mendukung teknologi rumah pintar.
ANALISIS TEGANGAN TEMBUS PADA KOMPOSIT SERAT KELAPA
Authors: Pati Kiageng Reksa , Permata Diah , Sinaga Herman Halomoan , Purwasih Nining
Published: February 2025

Material komposit berbasis serat alami mulai diminati sebagai material alternatif komposit sintetis dikarenakan lebih ramah lingkungan dan murah. Penggunaan material komposit berbasis serat alami dalam bidang elektro dibatasi oleh konduktivitas listriknya yang rendah. Penelitian ini membuat material komposit serat alami dari serat kelapa sebagai penguat yang dilapisi dengan polimer konduktif polianilin (PANI). Sedangkan matriks polimer digunakan resin epoksi yang diberi serbuk filler Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). Kedua perlakuan pada bahan penguat dan matrik polimer bertujuan untuk meningkatkan konduktivitas listrik bahan komposit serat kelapa. Penelitian ini membuat 3 sampel komposit serat kelapa dengan variasi berat serat kelapa terhadap resin. Dua sampel dibuat dari komposit serat kelapa dengan polianilin dan matriks polimer yang diberi MWCNTs dengan persentase berat serat kelapa yaitu 5% (CF-PANI 5%/CNT) dan 10% (CF-PANI 10%/CNT) dari berat resin epoksi. Sebagai pembanding, ada satu sampel yang dibuat dari serat kelapa tanpa dipolimerisasi PANI dan matriks polimer tanpa MWCNTs dengan persentase serat kelapa 5% (CF 5%) dari berat resin epoksi. Tiga benda uji dalam bentuk kotak ukuran 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm dibuat dari ke-tiga jenis komposit. Pengujian tegangan tembus pada sampel uji membutuhkan dua elektroda yang diletakkan sejajar di bagian atas dan di dalam kotak uji. Alat ukur kumparan Rogowski diletakkan pada kabel pentanahan dari elektroda bawah, sedangkan elektroda atas dihubungkan ke pembangkit impuls. Untuk melihat pengaruh waktu muka gelombang impuls, maka nilai induktor dari pembangkit impuls divariasikan sebesar 50 µH, 70 µH, dan 110 µH. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan tegangan tembus paling tinggi dari kotak uji komposit CF-PANI 10%/CNT yaitu 10,6 kV pada nilai induktor 70 µH. Sedangkan tegangan tembus paling rendah pada dari kotak uji komposit CF 5% yaitu 8 kV pada nilai induktor 50 µH.
CUTTANA: Scalable Graph Partitioning for Faster Distributed Graph Databases and Analytics
Authors: Hajidehi Milad Rezaei , Sridhar Sraavan , Seltzer Margo
Published: February 2025

Graph partitioning plays a pivotal role in various distributed graph processing applications, including graph analytics, graph neural network training, and distributed graph databases. A "good" graph partitioner reduces workload execution time, worker imbalance, and network overhead. Graphs that require distributed settings are often too large to fit in the main memory of a single machine. This challenge renders traditional in-memory graph partitioners infeasible, leading to the emergence of streaming solutions. Streaming partitioners produce lower-quality partitions, because they work from partial information and must make premature decisions before they have a complete view of a vertex's neighborhood. We introduce CUTTANA, a streaming graph partitioner that partitions massive graphs (Web/Twitter scale) with superior quality compared to existing streaming solutions. CUTTANA uses a novel buffering technique that prevents the premature assignment of vertices to partitions and a scalable coarsening and refinement technique that enables a complete graph view, improving the intermediate assignment made by a streaming partitioner. We implemented a parallel version for CUTTANA that offers nearly the same partitioning latency as existing streaming partitioners.

Our experimental analysis shows that CUTTANA consistently yields better partitioning quality than state-of-the-art streaming vertex partitioners in terms of both edge-cut and communication volume metrics. We also evaluate the workload latencies that result from using CUTTANA and other partitioners in distributed graph analytics and databases. CUTTANA outperforms the other methods in most scenarios (algorithms, datasets). In analytics applications, CUTTANA improves runtime performance by up to 59% compared to various streaming partitioners (i.e., HDRF, Fennel, Ginger, HeiStream). In graph database tasks, CUTTANA results in higher query throughput by up to 23%, without hurting tail latency.
Exploring the role of beta‐endorphin in activity‐based anorexia in mice
Authors: Christensen Connor W. , Weed Samantha E. , Brown Travis E. , Hentges Shane T.
Published: February 2025

Anorexia nervosa (AN) remains one of the most lethal mental health disorders and is poorly understood from a neurobiological perspective. The most widely used animal model of AN is activity‐based anorexia (ABA) where scheduled food presentation leads to a spontaneous maladaptive increase in running‐wheel activity and rapid weight loss in rodents, recapitulating specific aspects of AN. Research using the ABA paradigm to probe the role of hedonic and homeostatic circuits has indicated that the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) system may play a role in both the increased activity and reduced food intake observed. Previous work has shown that Pomc mRNA and its peptide product beta‐endorphin (β‐end) are increased during the onset of ABA. β‐end is reinforcing and increases locomotor activity, and mice lacking the mu opioid receptor (MOR), the primary target of β‐end, display blunted food‐anticipatory activity in the ABA paradigm. Thus, the current work was designed to determine if aspects of ABA would be diminished in mice lacking β‐end. We did not find any significant differences in wheel‐running, food intake, or body weight loss in β‐end knockout mice of either sex during ABA compared to wild‐type littermates. Therefore, we conclude that the development of ABA does not require β‐end.
Fabric pattern recognition using image processing and AHP method
Authors: Al Saleh Manal , Hamdi Thouraya , Jmali Mohamed
Published: February 2025

This article aims to provide methods and a system to recognize the woven fabric patterns automatically. Two different approaches were designed to identify the woven patterns in this article: image analysis and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In this work, identifying the woven fabric patterns is based on the measurement of some characteristics and parameters that clearly describe and explain the contexture of the fabric. The methods used were essentially pattern recognition and image processing, which aim to numerically calculate four critical parameters which can give a clear idea of the texture and the patterns of fabrics: the continuity of diagonal lines, the section succession in the vertical direction, section succession in the horizontal direction, and isolated blocks. Then, we used the AHP to classify basic weave patterns into three classes representing the fundamental weaves: plain, twill, and satin. Finally, the statistical approach used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method concerning classification showed high correlation values between the predicted results and the experimental values. This study has practical implications in the textile industry, especially in the clothing sector. The manufacturers can use the results to automatically identify the woven fabric patterns without using the manual examination method.
Desinformation auf der Spur: Konzept einer Bibliotheksschulung
Authors: Umlauft Valentin
Published: February 2025

Die anhaltende Desinformationskrise stellt eine massive Gefahr für unsere Gesellschaft dar. Bibliotheken steuern mit Schulungsformaten und Lernressourcen praktische Gegenmaßnahmen bei. Zur Wirksamkeit müssen Angebote allerdings einheitliche Begrifflichkeiten sowie Konzepte zu Mechanismen und Wirkung von Informationsstörungen umfassen, aktuelle technische Trends und Forschungsergebnisse berücksichtigen und praxistaugliche Recherche- und Evaluierungswerkzeuge beinhalten. Vor diesem Hintergrund präsentiert der Artikel ein niederschwelliges Angebotsformat für Bibliotheksnutzende.
Quadratically enriched tropical intersections
Authors: Jaramillo Puentes Andrés , Pauli Sabrina
Published: February 2025

Using tropical geometry, one can translate problems in enumerative geometry to combinatorial problems.
Thus, tropical geometry is a powerful tool in enumerative geometry over the complex and real numbers.
Results from

A
1

\mathbb{A}^{1}

-homotopy theory allow to enrich classical enumerative geometry questions and get answers over an arbitrary field.
In the resulting area,

A
1

\mathbb{A}^{1}

-enumerative geometry, the answer to these questions lives in the Grothendieck–Witt ring of the base field 𝑘.
In this paper, we use tropical methods in this enriched set up by showing Bézout’s theorem and a generalization, namely the Bernstein–Kushnirenko theorem, for tropical hypersurfaces enriched in

GW
⁡

(
k
)

\operatorname{GW}(k)

.
Circular n,m-rung orthopair fuzzy sets and their applications in multicriteria decision-making
Authors: Alshammari Ibtesam , Ibrahim Hariwan Z.
Published: February 2025

The circular Pythagorean fuzzy set is an expansion of the circular intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS), in which each component is represented by a circle. Nevertheless, even though CIFS improves the intuitionistic fuzzy set representation, it is still restricted to the inflexible intuitionistic fuzzy interpretation triangle (IFIT) space, where the square sum of membership and nonmembership in a circular Pythagorean fuzzy environment and the sum of membership and nonmembership in a circular intuitionistic fuzzy environment cannot exceed one. To overcome this restriction, we provide a fresh extension of the CIFS called the circular n,m-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Cn,m-ROFS), which allows the IFIT region to be expanded or contracted while maintaining the features of CIFS. Consequently, decision makers can assess items over a wider and more flexible range when using a Cn,m-ROFS, allowing for the making of more delicate decisions. In addition, we define several basic algebraic and arithmetic operations on Cn,m-ROFS, such as intersection, union, multiplication, addition, and scalar multiplication, and we discuss their key characteristics together with some of the known relations over Cn,m-ROFS. In addition, we present and study the new circular n,m-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted average/geometric aggregation operators and their properties. Further, a strategy for resolving multicriteria decision-making problems in a Cn,m-ROF environment is provided. The suggested strategy is tested on two situations: the best teacher selection problem and the best school selection problem. To confirm and illustrate the efficacy of the suggested methodology, a comparative analysis with the intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average, intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric, q-rung orthopair fuzzy weighted averaging, q-rung orthopair fuzzy geometric averaging, circular

PFWA

max

{{\rm{PFWA}}}_{{\rm{\max }}}

, and circular

PFWA

min

{{\rm{PFWA}}}_{{\rm{\min }}}

operators approaches is also carried out. Ultimately, in the final section, there are discussions and ideas for future research.
Optimal precision of coarse structural nested mean models to estimate the effect of initiating ART in early and acute HIV infection
Authors: Lok Judith J.
Published: February 2025

Time-dependent coarse structural nested mean models (coarse SNMMs) were developed to estimate treatment effects from longitudinal observational data. Coarse SNMMs estimate the combined effect of multiple treatment dosages and are thus useful to estimate the effect of treatments that are initiated and then never stopped. Coarse SNMMs lead to a large class of estimators, with widely varying estimates and standard errors. To optimize precision, we derive an explicit solution for the optimal coarse SNMM estimator. We apply our methods by estimating how the effect on immune reconstitution of initiating 1 year of ART depends on the time between HIV infection and ART initiation, in the early stages of HIV infection. The CDC and the WHO are encouraging HIV testing, leading to earlier HIV diagnoses. Thus, more treatment decisions need to be made in early and acute infection. However, evidence is lacking about the clinical benefits of initiating ART in early and acute HIV infection, with guidelines developed mostly from analyzing patients with chronic infection. In the simulations and our motivating HIV application, naive coarse SNMM estimators render useless inference, whereas our new fitting methods render informative analyses. We thus hope that this article leads to broader applicability of SNMMs.
Characteristics of tree hollows used by Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Balakrishnan Peroth
Published: February 2025

Tree hollows are a critical resource for many wildlife taxa, thus declining tree hollow availability across forest ecosystems worldwide presents a critical conservation challenge. In this note, the characteristics of trees and tree hollows used by the Nilgiri marten, a threatened small carnivore endemic to the Western Ghats of India were described. Nilgiri martens were observed on 11 occasions using eight species of hollow trees, including two red listed tree species. Hollows were typically located on tree trunks in the forest subcanopy below 10 m. Trees containing hollows had an average height of 27.44 ± 5.23 m (range: 20–38 m) and an average GBH of 3.43 ± 0.49 m (range: 2.80–4.10 m). Although limited in number, these observations suggest that large hollow trees could be important to Nilgiri marten life history, similar to marten species elsewhere. Policies that target retention of such trees in mid-elevation evergreen and shola forests may benefit long-term conservation of martens and other hollow-using wildlife in India.
Neural network-based analysis algorithm on Mueller matrix data of spectroscopic ellipsometry for the structure evaluation of nanogratings with various optical constants
Authors: Jung Juwon , Kim Nagyeong , Kim Kibaek , Park Jongkyoon , Cho Yong Jai , Chegal Won , Kim Young-Joo
Published: February 2025

Accurate and fast characterization of nanostructures using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is required in both industrial and research fields. However, conventional methods used in SE data analysis often face challenges in balancing accuracy and speed, especially for the in situ monitoring on complex nanostructures. Additionally, optical constants are so crucial for accurately predicting structural parameters since SE data were strongly related to them. This study proposes a three-step algorithm designed for fast and accurate extraction of structural parameters from SE measurements. The method utilizes three neural networks, each trained on simulation data, to obtain optical constants and progressively refine the prediction on structural parameters at each step. When tested on both simulation and measurement data on the fabricated 1D SiO2 nanograting specimen, the algorithm demonstrated both high accuracy and fast analysis speed, with average mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.103 nm and analysis speed of 132 ms. Also, the proposed algorithm shows more flexibility in accounting for any change of optical constants to serve as a more efficient solution in the real-time monitoring.
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles impregnated pyrolyzed coconut coir as an antifungal agent
Authors: Ekanayake Isuru , Rajapakse Sanath , Jayasundera Chamara , Perera Chandani
Published: February 2025

Soil-borne plant pathogens infect plants through soil inoculum, leading to plant diseases that can drastically reduce crop yield and even be associated with illnesses in humans and animals. This research focused on developing an environmentally friendly, affordable, and non-toxic antifungal agent to combat these diseases caused by soil-borne fungi. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles, known for their antifungal properties, were incorporated into a pyrolyzed carbon matrix derived from coconut coir dust (Mg-PCC). During the in situ synthesis, clean, dry coconut coir was treated with magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), followed by pyrolysis at 450 °C for 1 h. The Mg-PCC sample was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The antifungal efficacy of Mg-PCC was tested at three different concentrations against the soil-borne fungi Ganoderma sp., Mucor fusiformis, and Aspergillus niger using a mycelial growth inhibition assay. At a concentration of 10,000 μg/ml, Mg-PCC demonstrated the highest antifungal activity. Further evaluation in soil medium revealed that an optimal dosage of 20 mg of Mg-PCC per 1 g of soil effectively inhibits fungal growth. These findings suggest that Mg-PCC is a potent antifungal agent against soil-borne fungi.
Climate, political economy and agriculture in first and second millennia AD Anatolia
Authors: Marston John M. , Castellano Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

Written accounts suggest there were major changes in agricultural practices in Anatolia as the region switched between Roman, Byzantine, Arab and Turkic control, yet archaeological evidence of these changes is offered only on a site-by-site basis. This article presents the first synthesis of archaeobotanical, palynological and zooarchaeological evidence for changes in plant and animal husbandry in Anatolia through the first and second millennia AD. Available data indicate a minimal role of climate change in agricultural shifts but offer evidence for substantial changes towards short-term-return agricultural strategies in response to declining personal security, changing patterns of military provisioning and distinct taxation regimes.