bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Topophilia” and “Topophobia”:Towards Phenomenology of Spacial Experience
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Khan Kate I.
Published: January 2021

The research is dedicated to the critical comparison of two phenomenological strategies that elaborate the issue of space (G. Bachelard’s and D. Trigg’s), and link the placement in space with the emotional and bodily experience and the ca­pacity of human to extend beyond. Phenomenological descriptions of the spacial experience indicate the deeply emotional colouring of human attitude towards place, that implies searching for one’s “own place in the world”, or a home. The article develops the idea that the relationship between the human and the space (or the way the body perceives the space) can be conceptualized through the concepts of topophilia and topophobia. This explanation has existential ground, and it has to deal with poetic imagination, hope and anxiety. The con­cepts of the friendly/unfriendly landscape or environment cannot be reduced to the personal or subjective judgement on its ergonomics, but it also cannot be limited to the constructive characteristics and pecularities of some place per­ceived as a “workspace”, “leisure area” etc. The friendliness of the space as such can be comprehended through the phenomenological description of bodily expe­rience and the corresponding research of topophilia and topophobia, which should be treated not as psychological diagnosis or concrete attitudes of con­sciousness, but as phenomena, which are revealing itself in the world. Phe­nomenology of bodily presence in space can be seen as a prolific method, that could provide the descriptions of experience, which are necessary for implemen­tation of “the right of the city” (H. Lefebvre).
In Quest of a Homeland of the Wandering Class
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Matsevich-Dukhan Iryna Ja.
Published: January 2021

The article reveals specific features of the imperative of wandering and the impera­tive of return in late modern society. The socio-philosophical analysis of ethical foundations for the development of contemporary economic migration and the building of a value hierarchy of citizenships is conducted. Possible consequences of the publicly justified and legitimized consumerization of the institute of citizenship are explicated. The comparative analysis of relevant models of the ethics of immi­gration demonstrates directions and manners of argumentation in the indicated field. R. Jaeggi’s socio-critical conception of forms of life is employed to elaborate a value-normative order in the framework of which it is possible to formulate an evaluative judgement about the creative class hypermigration and estimate the con­sequences of the fulfilling imperative of wandering in the contemporary world. So­cio-philosophical conceptions turning to the issue of the imperative of return and its ethical justification within tasks of sustainable development are delineated.
“These are the Same Words, Only in Reverse…”:The Origins of Kenneth Anger’s Aesthetic
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Nosachev Pavel G.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the work of the famous American film Director, one of the pioneers of the postwar film avant-garde Kenneth Anger. At first, Anger’s cre­ative path is systematized, its main milestones are highlighted and the principles of directing techniques and basic elements of his film aesthetic are analyzed in detail. Then the religious roots of Anger's creativity is revealed. The article an­alyzes in details three films that bear the obvious influence of the ideas of Allis­ter Crowley esotericism (“Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome”, “Invocation of My Demon Brother” and “Lucifer Rising”), considers the direct connections of Crowley and Anger. In the final part of the article, there is a complete recon­struction of Anger’s aesthetic. According to this analyses there are several key ideas which help to understand the language of Anger: Crowley’s idea of the Higher Self, the symbolism of light and the doctrine of the Aeon of Horus. In the conclusion author proposes the hypothesis that Anger deconstructed Crowley’s thought, raising it to Christian origins, and recreated the aesthetics of Christianity, without realizing it.
Spirit, Being and Liberty. Premature by BaratynskyAgainst the Foil of the Bible
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Kovelman Arkady В.
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the “pneumatology” of Evgeny Baratynsky’s poem Prema­ture. The topic of the poem stems from the “windy” nature of the Holy Spirit. In the language of the Bible, the Holy Spirit denotes God’s Wind or God’s Breath: God gives life by sharing his breath or Spirit and takes life by taking the breath away. As dry wind, God’s Breath can be deadly. The Spirit is the source of life and death, existence and annihilation, ephemerality and infinity. The Bible has not yet developed the notion of abstract or invisible air. Rather, the Bible endows the Holy Spirit with anthropomorphic qualities of freedom and willpower to bring life or death. These anthropomorphic features characterize Baratynsky’s poetry. Baratynsky’s “winged sigh” rushed about between the earth and the sky in a way that the Holy Spirit rushed over the waters. This “winged sigh” creates a “prema­ture” only to see its doomed and fleeting existence, an attribute of humanity.
Energy Industry Offers Limitless Opportunities for Technical Professionals
Authors: McGill Stuart R.
Published: January 2021

Executive Perspective - Talent and technology will be the driving forces of innovation and ingenuity that propel the oil and gas industry forward. The industry must take an active role in ensuring that organizations have access to the people and tools that can satisfy the world's energy needs. That means supporting education in the technical sciences and creating productive, open work cultures.
The Role of Technology in National Development
Authors: Egbogah Emmanuel O.
Published: January 2021

Feature - Technology plays a fundamental role in wealth creation, improvement of the quality of life, real economic growth, and transformation in any society.
Capitalizing on the Talents of Retirees
Authors: Stockwell Deborah
Published: January 2021

HR Perspective - The big crew change, which has been looming over the oil industry for years, is now upon us. The average age of offshore workers in the North Sea and North America is over 50. Cutbacks in recruitment, lack of active retention policies, early retirement, and streamlining measures all have played a part in causing chronic personnel shortages. The challenge now is, who will replace today's workforce?
Bridging the Age Gap
Authors: Young Cathy
Published: January 2021

HR Perspective - As the more skilled engineering and other professionals in the oil and gas industry approach retirement, the call is going out to develop strategies to keep them engaged in flexible work arrangements and to re-recruit individuals who left the industry in previous years. The plan is to invite them back as an expert resource to assist in the recruitment, training, and mentoring of young professionals, upon whose recruitment and retention the successful future of the industry depends.
Interview with John Doran
Authors: Doran John , Donnelly John
Published: January 2021

Talent & Technology Interview - A conversation with John Doran, Chief Executive Officer, ROC Oil Company.
Sharing Cross-Industry Experiences
Authors: Wiltshire Kevin
Published: January 2021

The Long View - The problem with all industries is the fact that they believe their problems and challenges are unique. "Of course, what you need to understand is that our customers/processes/ procedures/people are different"—a commonly heard statement from clients in the world of business and people development.
Executive Education for Oil and Gas Professionals
Authors: Berkhout Guus , Bos Christian , Currie Peter , Weijermars Ruud
Published: January 2021

Feature

The current prospect for the petroleum industry is a future in which the big crew change retires experienced professionals without qualified workers to replace them. A lack of experienced personnel could cost the industry as much as USD 35 billion per year. To some extent, the problem has been alleviated by the rise in the number of petroleum engineering students in recent years.
Blended Learning: Setting the Course for the "Crew Change"
Authors: Benthall Nigel
Published: January 2021

Feature

What must the E&P industry do to better attract and retain new talent? The answer is to improve the younger generation's professional experience while simultaneously capturing the knowledge base of retiring technical professionals. As one E&P executive recently put it: "In the face of our so-called ‘crew change,’ we must find a way for our young engineers to experience more and our senior engineers to do more." In both cases, technical professionals must increase their day-to-day proficiencies and shorten learning curves when it comes to adopting new technologies and techniques.
Interview with Craig Hodges
Authors: Hodges Craig , Parshall Joel
Published: January 2021

Talent & Technology Interview

A conversation with Craig Hodges, Director, Oil & Gas Industry, Microsoft.
Using Academies To Build the Talent Pool
Authors: Miller Mark
Published: January 2021

The Long View

How do oil companies compete for the short supply of technical talent? Is there another approach to attract and develop the necessary skills across the globe to fill the expanding void of engineers?
The Need for New Recruitment Strategies
Authors: Parmesh Manoj
Published: January 2021

HR Perspective

Recruitment has become the most challenging human resources (HR) function across all industries today. For a specialized field such as oil and gas, the challenges are enormous. Why is it so difficult to attract new talent? There are three main reasons. First, industrial activity across the world is at an all-time high, which has created more jobs and thus shrunk the availability of personnel. Second, the oil and gas industry has been hurt over the past 20 years because of its cyclicality and public perception. Third, the "baby boomer" generation is approaching retirement and the younger generation is not in sufficient numbers or experienced enough to fill the gap.
Why so stressed? a comparative study on stressors and stress between hospital and non-hospital nurses
Authors: Robat Rosnawati Muhamad , FAUZI MOHD FADHLI MOHD , Saruan Nur Adibah Mat , Yusoff Hanizah Mohd , Harith Abdul Aziz
Published: January 2021

Background: Stress, which can be attributed by household and workplace stressors, is prevalent among nurses. However, this stressors’ attribution may differ between hospital and non-hospital nurses. It is also currently unknown whether there are significant differences in the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics between hospital and non-hospital nurses which may potentially influence the type and magnitude of stressors, and subsequently the stress status. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of stress and compare the roles of sociodemograhic characteristics, occupational profiles, and workplace and household stressors in determining the stress status between hospital and non-hospital female nurses in Malaysia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly-selected 734 female nurses in Malaysia using pencil-and-paper self-reported questionnaires.Results: The majority of participants were ever married (87.0%), having children (76.2%), and work in hospital setting (64.8%). The level of household stressors was generally similar between hospital and non-hospital nurses. However, hospital nurses significantly perceived higher level of workplace stressors. Shift work is significantly associated with higher level of household and workplace stressors among nurses in both groups. The level of stress was significantly higher among hospital nurses. Both household and workplace stressors explained about 40% of stress status in both hospital and non-hospital nurses.Conclusion: Hospital nurses are at higher risk of having stressors and stress as compared to non-hospital nurses, probably due to higher proportion of them involved in shift work. Hospital nurses should be given high priority in mitigating stress among nurses.
Fitoterapia como opção de tratamento para a mucosite oral
Authors: Gomes Nílvia Maria Lima , De Souza Elaine Roberta Leite , Cruz José Henrique de Araújo , De Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves  Oliveira Filho
Published: January 2021

O paciente submetido ao tratamento oncológico de cabeça e pescoço pode consequentemente adquirir diversas patologias, dentre elas, a mucosite oral que promove um quadro doloroso devido a uma exposição do tecido conjuntivo, elevando a adesividade de fungos e colonização de bactérias, o que exacerba o quadro de dor e risco de infecção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura a respeito das possíveis opções de fitoterápicos para o tratamento da mucosite oral decorrente do tratamento oncológico de cabeça e pescoço. A Própolis, a Aloe vera e a Camomila podem se tornar importantes métodos alternativos para o tratamento e prevenção da mucosite oral, entretanto, os poucos estudos existentes, principalmente em modelos in vivo, revelam a necessidade de se intensificar a pesquisa nesse assunto.
Oroantral communication closure with Bichat adipose body: etiology, clinical and radiographics features
Authors: Matos Jefferson David Melo de , Rodrigues Andre Guimarães , Pinto Alessandra Dossi , Pereira Marília Lasmar Gomes , Souto Lucas Augusto Pereira , Nakano Leonardo Jiro Nomura , Lopes Guilherme da Rocha Scalzer , Bottino Marco Antonio , Ramos Nathália de Carvalho , Rodrigues Danillo Costa , Andrade Valdir Cabral
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aims to clarify to the dentist about the possible etiological factors responsible for such complication, to identify its clinical and radiographic signs and to describe the surgical technique adopted in these cases. Case Report: For this purpose, the authors present the clinical case of a patient with post-exodontia oroantral fistula of the right permanent maxillary first molar. The proposed treatment was the closure of the fistula under local anesthesia using the Bichat adipose body, with advantages of being a simple procedure, easy to perform, that does not require specific material, minimal complications, low morbidity and can be performed in the own dental practice and with high success rates proven by several studies. Discussion: The oroantral fistula is a common pathological occurrence in the dental clinic, characterized by communication of the maxillary sinus with the oral cavity when the maxillary sinus is pneumatic or during dental extractions of upper posterior elements whose roots are closely related to the maxillary sinus. Conclusion: Communications should be treated immediately, if there are signs of inflammation it should be treated first, so that surgical correction can be performed later.
Transtorno afetivo bipolar em paciente gestante com trágico desfecho fetal: relato de caso
Authors: Previdelli Marina Brito , Spaziani Amanda Oliva , Barbosa Talita Costa , Rico Júlia Groto , Custódio Iasmim Alves De Lima , Simioni Ariany Aparecida Bonfim , Frota Raissa Silva , Santana Rúbia Carla da Cunha , Azarias Matheus Magalhães , Luz Osny Renato Martins , Carvalho Morisa Martins Leão , Vidotti Márcia Zucchi , Careno Amanda De Azevedo Soares
Published: January 2021

O Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar (TAB) envolve a psicose, depressão e mania caracterizado por períodos de bom humor e irritação ou depressão, podendo trazer prejuízos para as relações afetivas. No caso de TAB em gestação o tratamento torna-se complicado, pois a escassez de estudos faz com que a terapêutica farmacológica seja suspensa. Sexo feminino, 37 anos. Em tratamento para transtorno afetivo bipolar há 7 anos. Paciente engravidou em 2018 em uso de: Risperidona; Citalopram; Biperideno; Carbonato de lítio; Clorpromazina; Propanolol; Brometazina; Clonazepam. Devido a gestação, descoberta com 20 semanas gestacionais, alterou-se a medicação. Fazia uso de: Clonazepam, Prometazina, Carbonato de Lítio, Haloperidol e Clorpromazina. Com 26 semanas gestacionais, ultrassom gestacional apresentava polidrâmnio. Com 30 semanas gestacionais apresentou dor abdominal de grande intensidade e foi internada. Na manhã seguinte apresentava melhora do quadro álgico, porém tinha 9 polpas digitais de dilatação, colo fino e anterior. Encaminhada para o centro cirúrgico para realização de cesárea com recém-nascido bradicardico e hipotônico que evoluiu com óbito seis dias após. A prescrição e uso de medicamentos na gestação, merece especial cuidado. Os trabalhos na área com gestantes são bastantes escassos, uma vez que estudos nesta fase da vida vão de encontro a princípios da bioética.
O uso do plano inclinado fixo na correção de mordida cruzada anterior dentária: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Viana Tayane Silva Gonçalves , Cruz José Henrique de Araújo , Alencar Estefania Queiroga de Santana e , Fonseca Fatima Roneiva Alves , Macena Maria Carolina Bandeira
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Os tratamentos dos casos clínicos das más oclusões tem maiores índices de sucesso e facilidade de resolução quando são diagnosticadas precocemente na dentição decídua e mista. Objetivo: O propósito desse trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de mordida cruzada anterior dentária tratada com aparelho plano inclinado fixo. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 8 anos e 6 meses de idade, compareceu a Clínica Escola de Odontologia da UFCG diagnosticada com mordida cruzada anterior dentária e sob intervenção através do uso do plano inclinado fixo confeccionado na prórpia instituição, evidenciando  as etapas de confecção desse método interceptativo. O aparelho foi confeccionado, instalado e utilizado em duas etapas de 15 dias cada na disciplina de Clínica Infantil II (Ortodontia). Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, tendo um impacto corretivo da mordida cruzada anterior dentária, sem intercorrências e boa aceitação do paciente frente ao aparelho.
Tratamento de paciente com disfunção miofascial craniocervicomandibular ascendente associada à alteração vestibulococlear: relato de caso
Authors: Ribeiro Inacio Bruno Romano , Cabral Lioney Nobre
Published: January 2021

Dor e disfunção da articulação temporomandibular (DTM) são comuns e resultam de uma ampla variedade de agentes etiológicos, tanto traumáticos quanto não-traumáticos. O conjunto de sinais e sintomas (dor, alteração da função, ruídos articulares) é denominada disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e, quando abrange também problemas clínicos na região cervical, utiliza-se o termo disfunção craniocervicomandibular (DCCM). Esta condição pode concorrer para as alterações coclear e vestibular, onde a primeira é justificada pela origem embrionária e proximidade anatômica da ATM com a orelha e a segunda, pela disfunção dos músculos da mastigação e cervical (Masseter e Esternocleidomastóideo) que, por serem antigravitacionais, concorrem para a vestibulopatia, e também, otalgias reflexas. Apesar dessas relações existirem sua patogênese não está totalmente esclarecida. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso clínico de diagnóstico e tratamento de paciente com DCCM associado à alteração vestibulococlear.
Gıda Kayıp ve İsrafının Azaltılmasında Gıda Bankacılığı
Authors: Aday Mehmet Seçkin , Aday Serpil
Published: January 2021

Gıda tedarik zincirinin çeşitli aşamalarında meydana gelen kayıplar sebebiyle, dünyada üretilen gıdaların üçte birlik kısmı yok olmaktadır. Bu durumun neticesinde, insanlar açlık ve yetersiz beslenme ile birlikte küresel olarak çözülmesi gereken gıda kaybı ve israf sorunlarına odaklanmıştır. Kaybolan veya israf edilen gıdanın üretimi için kullanılan su, enerji, toprak, emek ve sermaye girdilerinin miktarı düşünüldüğünde, durumun önemi daha açık hale gelmektedir. Buna ek olarak gelecekte insan nüfusunun artması gıdaya olan talebi de artıracaktır. Bu nedenle, tarımsal üretimin artırılması, insanlar için gerekli olan gıdanın karşılanması için bir çözüm yolu olarak görülmektedir. Fakat gıdaların üretiminde kullanılan kaynakların sınırlı olması; daha fazla üretmekten çok üretilen gıdanın korunmasına yönelik önleyici tedbirlerin alınmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu kapsamdaki çözüm yollarından bir tanesi olan gıda bankaları; işletmelerin stoklarında bulunup, çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı değerini kaybeden ve bu nedenle atılma ihtimali bulunan insan tüketimine uygun gıdaları, ihtiyacı olan insanlara ulaştırmada görev alan organizasyonlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Gıda bankaları bu sistem aracılığıyla hem açlık hem yoksulluk hem de israfın önlenmesine katkıda bulunmakta ve gıdaya herkesin adaletli biçimde ulaşmasını kolaylaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Gıda bankaları sadece yoksul tüketicilere fayda sağlamamakta, ayrıca bağış yapan şirketlere de vergi avantajı yaratmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu makalede gıda kayıp ve israfların nedenleri, kayıpların meydana geldiği gıda grupları, meydana gelen ekonomik kayıplar, gıda bankacılığının kapsamı, sağladığı avantajlar, uygulamada görülen zorluklar ve bu sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.
Over rosmolens en burenhinder.
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

1) In de lente van het jaar 17 59 heeft sr Jan Baptiste de Moerloose in het achterhuis van zijn woning in de Veldstraat te Gent een nieuwe rosmolen in gebruik genomen om er tabak mee te kerven en te malen.2) In dat jaar wil Livinus Martens een olierosmolen oprichten "buiten de Petercellepoort, roede en heerlijkheid van Sint-Pieters". De toelating daartoe moet hij bekomen van de Abt van Sint-Pieters. Hij vreest echter, niet ten onrechte trouwens, dat er klachten zouden kunnen zijn van buren die niet graag een dergelijk "stamp kot" naast zich zouden krijgen.
Vraag en antwoord 12_3.
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

Met bespreking van Het openbaar vervoer te Gent van Lode Hoste (foto).
Wie was Joseph Plateau.
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

Vertaling van een naamloos artikel dat destijds verscheen in "Palmarès" onderde titel "Qui était Joseph Plateau ?" Uiteraard met de vriendelijke toestemming van Mevrouw Penen die destijds dit blad uitgaf.
Even memoreren: Franciscus Rooman
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

Over de Gentse Predikheer-architect, Franciscus Rooman, François Romain wanneer hij in het Frans schreef, Frater Franciscus Romanus als geestelijke.
Het oud Casino op de Coupure.
Authors: GT gt
Published: January 2021

Op 2 juli 1985 was het precies 150 jaar geleden dat Burgemeester Van Crombrugghe de eerste steen kwam leggen van het Casino op de Coupure.Daarom laten wij hier een artikeltje volgen dat destijds verscheen in "Palmarès".
Оптические сечения поглощения и силы осцилляторов двойного донора магния в кремнии
Authors: Астров Ю.А. , Порцель Л.М. , Шуман В.Б. , Лодыгин А.Н. , Абросимов Н.В. , Павлов С.Г. , Hubers H.-W.
Published: January 2021

The optical properties of magnesium impurity in silicon, whose atoms at interstitial positions in the lattice are deep double donors with an ionization energy of 107.56 meV in the neutral state, were studied. For optical transitions from the ground state of a neutral center to the excited levels 2p0 and 2p, the absorption cross sections and oscillator strengths were determined. These parameters were calculated from the impurity absorption spectra that were measured at T  K in samples with different magnesium concentrations. The deep donor content in the samples was determined using Hall effect measurements in the temperature range 78–300 K. The obtained characteristics of intracenter transitions in magnesium were compared with the corresponding literature data for shallow Group V donors in silicon, which are substitutional impurities. It was found that the optical characteristics of the investigated transitions in magnesium are consistent with the dependences of the corresponding parameters on the ionization energy for shallow donors, extrapolated to the region of larger electron binding energies.
Магнитофононные осцилляции магнитосопротивления в квантовой яме InAs/GaSb с инвертированным зонным спектром
Authors: Кочман И.В. , Михайлова М.П. , Вейнгер А.И. , Парфеньев Р.В.
Published: January 2021

Впервые из спектров микроволнового поглощения в магнитном поле в структуре с квантовой ямой InAs/GaSb с инвертированным зонным спектром выявлены осцилляции магнитосопротивления, обусловленные резонансным рассеянием двумерных электронов на акустических фононах. Индуцированные взаимодействием с акустическими фононами магнитофононные осцилляции магнитосопротивления проявляются в широком интервале температур 2.7-270 K и достигают максимума по амплитуде при 120 K. Рассматриваются электронные переходы между уровнями Ландау с энергией акустических фононов, равной энергии двумерных электронов в InAs с импульсом 2kF. Спектры магнитосопротивления получены на установке электронного парамагнитного резонанса на образцах квантовых ям InAs/GaSb с полуизолирующей подложкой без контактов. Ключевые слова: квантовая яма InAs/GaSb, инвертированный зонный спектр, магнитофононные осцилляции магнитосопротивления, акустические фононы.
Образование акцепторных центров в CdHgTe под воздействием воды и термообработок
Authors: Сидоров Г.Ю. , Сидоров Ю.Г. , Швец В.А. , Варавин В.С.
Published: January 2021

Influence storage and boiling in deionized water and heat treatments of epitaxial films CdxHg1-xTe on the Hall and ellipsometric parametres is investigated. Water treatment reduces refractive index of native CdxHg1-xTe oxide from 2.1 to 1.2-1.4. It means that matter with a lower refractive index, such as water, is introduced in the oxide. Boiling in water leads to formation of acceptors in CdxHg1-xTe with concentrations up to 1019 cm-3. Change of medium’s pH from alkaline to the acidic decreases the speed of acceptors formation. Heat treatments after storage in water also leads to formation of acceptors. The conclusion is made, that water medium or water absorbed by native oxide layer leads to formation of acceptors in CdxHg1-xTe. Concentration of acceptors grows with temperature of treatments and quantity of accessible water.
Полупроводниковый сенсор термоэлектрического однофотонного детектора для регистрации излучения ближнего ИК диапазона
Authors: Кузанян А.А.
Published: January 2021

We proposed the design of a four-layer detection pixel of the single-photon thermoelectric detector with semiconductor FeSb2 sensor. The processes of heat propagation in a detection pixel after the absorption of a photon were studied using computer simulation. The calculations were based on the equation of heat propagation from a limited volume using the three-dimensional matrix method for differential equations. The temporal dependences of the detector signal amplitude were calculated for various thicknesses of the detection pixel’s layers and the following parameters were determined: signal delay, timing jitter, maximum signal value, time to reach the maximum signal, decay time and count rate. It was proved that a detector with such a detection pixel can provide detection efficiency above 95% for near-infrared photons. At the same time, the terahertz count rate was achieved.
Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness on the Performance of Bismuth-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Obi U.C. , Sanni D.M. , Bello A.
Published: January 2021

Theoretical study of methyl-ammonium bismuth halide perovskite solar cells, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, was carried out using a one-dimensional Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The performance of the tested device architectures largely depends on the thickness of the absorbing layer, with the combination of electron transport, and hole transport layers. Thus, the bismuth perovskite absorber layer was optimized by varying the thickness and also, the thicknesses of the different charge-transport materials such as Spiro-OmeTAD, copper (I) oxide (Cu2O), and copper (I) iodide (CuI) as hole transport layer (HTL), and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide as electron transport layer (ETL). The best performance in terms of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was recorded for the device with Cu2O as the HTL and ZnO as the ETL with the absorber layer thickness of 200 nm. The working temperature of the device was varied from 295 to 320 K and the effects of temperature on various device architectures were investigated. Results obtained indication that the efficiency of the bismuth perovskite solar cells can be improved by optimizing the thickness of the absorber layer and utilizing an appropriate combination of HTLs and ETLs. Keywords: methyl-ammonium bismuth perovskite, SCAPS, HTL, ETL, PCE.
MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES AS A TOOL FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND DIAGNOSIS: A REVIEW
Authors: SHARMA ISHA , THAKUR MONIKA , SINGH SHAVETA , TRIPATHI ASTHA
Published: January 2021

Microfluidic devices are a good example of the collaboration of chemical, biological, and engineering sciences. Microfluidic devices emerge as an in fluent technology which provides an alternative to conventional laboratory methods. These devices are employed for the precise handling and transport precise quantities of drugs without toxicity. This system is emerging as a promising platform for designing advanced drug delivery systems and analysis of biological phenomena on miniature devices for easy diagnosis. Microfluidics enables the fabrication of drug carriers with controlled geometry and specific target sites. Microfluidic devices are also used for the diagnosis of cancer circulating tumor cells. In the current review, different microfluidic drug delivery systems and diagnostic devices have described.
CORRELATION OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN UGT1A1, SLCO1B1, NAT2, AND CYP2E1 WITH HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: SETYOWATI GITA WIDI , ANNISA NURUL , BARLIANA MELISA I.
Published: January 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) has been identified as one of the most highly infectious diseases in the world. Tuberculosis can be identified as pulmonary or extrapulmonary. Therapy for TB is a combination of several drugs in one treatment. The effectiveness and toxicity of TB therapy may differ in each patient because of some risk factors, especially genetic variations. This review describes several genes that can affect the effectiveness and toxicity of antituberculosis drugs, namely UGT1A1, SLCO1B1, NAT2, and CYP2E1. This review was conducted utilizing the PubMed database, with keywords used as follows: polymorphism, antituberculosis, and tuberculosis. The presence of polymorphisms in these genes can result in hepatotoxicity and decreased drug bioavailability. Therefore, polymorphisms in these genes can determine the effectiveness of TB therapy.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: COCRYSTAL AS EFFORTS TO IMPROVE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOAVAILABILITY PROPERTIES OF ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM
Authors: SOPYAN IYAN , B. ALVIN , K. S. INSAN SUNAN , N. H. S. CIKRA IKHDA
Published: January 2021

Water solubility and low bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients are some of the main challenges in the process of developing new drugs, especially drugs in oral solid dosage forms. One way to improve drug solubility is the principle of cocrystallization. Cocristallyzation itself is the process of combining the active ingredients of a less water-soluble drug with a coformer so that it becomes more soluble. Pharmaceutical cocrystal provides benefits to improve physicochemical properties without affecting its pharmacological properties. In this review, we have reviewed literature discussions and research that discuss co-crystallization as an aid to improve the physicochemical and bioavailability of drugs and also discuss some drugs in the form of cocrystal and their improvement in physicochemical-biopharmaceutical properties. The main references data used in this review are research journals published in the past 10 y (2010-2020) using keywords: cocrystal, physicochemistry, bioavailability, and solid dosage form, and using google scholar as a database. Discussion on the effect of cocrystal on physicochemical properties and bioavailability of drugs was produced. The method of producing cocrystal and its characterization was also discussed. Cocrystal offers a promising approach to improve the physicochemical properties of API. The benefits of cocrystal can be observed through increased solubility, dissolution rate, permeability, bioavailability, drug stability, and tabletability.
MUCOADHESIVE POLYMERIC FILMS OF ACYCLOVIR PRONIOSOMES FOR BUCCAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: SUVARNA DEEKSHA U. , KOLAND MARINA , PRABHU ANANTH , S. M. SINDHOOR
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate proniosomes of the poorly soluble drug, acyclovir incorporated in mucoadhesive polymeric films for improved buccal mucosal permeability of the drug while achieving prolonged release.
Methods: Acyclovir was formulated as proniosomes using Span 60 and cholesterol. The prepared proniosomes were loaded into mucoadhesive polymeric films prepared with varying quantities of carbopol 934P and HPMC K15M. The proniosome incorporated films were evaluated for physicomechanical characters, mucoadhesion, swelling index, drug content, in vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation through porcine buccal mucosa.
Results: Hydration of the proniosomes produced spherical vesicles or niosomes, which was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The optimized formulation selected on the basis of vesicle size, entrapment efficiency PDI, Zetz potential and in vitro drug release was selected for incorporation into mucoadhesive polymeric films. All the films showed excellent physicomechanical characters. Formulations with higher proportions of carbopol produced slower in vitro drug release. The kinetics of release of drug from all the formulations appeared to be zero-order based on their regression coefficient values. Comparative evaluation of ex vivo permeation from niosomal and non-niosomal films indicated that the former demonstrated improved mucosal permeation and drug release was also sustained for the 8 h period.
Conclusion: Mucoadhesive films impregnated with acyclovir loaded proniosomes could be a potential approach for buccal delivery of acyclovir for improving its absorption and bioavailability.
SLOW QUASIKINETIC CHANGES IN WATER-LACTOSE COMPLEXES DURING STORAGE
Authors: MOROZOVA M. A. , KOLDINA A. M. , MAKSIMOVA T. V. , MARUKHLENKO A. V. , ZLATSKY I. A. , SYROESHKIN A. V.
Published: January 2021

Objective: To investigate kinetic changes in the spectral characteristics by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of water-lactose complexes (SMC), derived during the manufacturing process of the drug, containing release-active forms of antibodies.

Methods: lactose monohydrate substance, saturated with release-active forms of affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit antibodies to recombinant human interferon-gamma (RA forms of Abs); tablets produced from this substance by direct compression after the addition of excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate). Powdered and tableted placebo samples saturated with technologically processed water or phosphate-buffered saline, as well as with intact ethanol were used as control. Kinetic changes in SMC were studied using an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrophotometer with a diamond ATR accessory (Agilent Technologies, USA). We used the method of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX-7000 Shimadzu energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) to track changes in the fluorescence signal at certain wavelengths. The range of measured elements–11Na-92U.

Results: Control of some technological characteristics of the obtained active substance (moisture, flowability) and dosage form (mean mass, disintegration rate) was used as indirect indicators of quality, but they did not allow reliably distinguishing intact lactose from the saturated one. Long-period oscillations on FTIR spectra were characteristic for all types of samples; oscillations occur at approximately two-week intervals; S/N indices were more stable for samples of RA forms of Abs than for placebo samples. On some days, the substance saturated with RA forms of Abs significantly differed from the intact lactose powder. The kinetics of the X-ray fluorescence intensity at certain wavelengths indicates the possibility of a periodic cooperative trigger transition of the system. Reversible conformational transitions are observed for powders on the 30th and 130th days (Kα 3.313 keV). For tablets at Kα 3.313 keV and Kα 1.740 keV small changes were visualized on those days (100–110th day) when hysteresis phenomena were recorded in the IR spectra of these samples.

Conclusion: As a result, the evidence for a long-period dramatic conformational mobility of the water-lactose complex was obtained. Based on the data on the semiannual kinetics of IR spectra, a universal criterion for the identity of lactose powder saturated with RA forms of Abs was obtained. Also, it was confirmed that the lactose conformation state was changed by saturation with RA forms of Abs.
COMPARATIVE DISSOLUTION STUDIES OF WARFARIN SODIUM TABLETS: INFLUENCE OF AGITATION RATE, DISSOLUTION MEDIUM, AND USP APPARATUS
Authors: LOPEZ JOSE RAUL MEDINA , ROMAN LUIS DANIEL MAZON , JIMENEZ JUAN MANUEL CONTRERAS , RUIZ-SEGURA JUAN CARLOS
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to carry out comparative dissolution studies with warfarin sodium reference tablets under the hydrodynamic environments generated by the USP basket and paddle apparatus and flow-through cell using different agitation rates and dissolution media.
Methods: Dissolution profiles were obtained with the USP basket and paddle apparatus at 50, 75, and 100 rpm and 900 ml of water as dissolution medium. After this, dissolution profiles of warfarin sodium were obtained with the USP paddle apparatus and flow-through cell method using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer pH 4.5, phosphate buffer pH 6.8, and water. Spectrophotometric determination at 308 nm was carried out during 30 min. Dissolution profiles were compared with model-independent and model-dependent approaches.
Results: Significant differences were found with mean dissolution time and dissolution efficiency at 50 and 75 rpm (*P<0.05). Makoid-Banakar was the best-fit model used to describe the in vitro release performance of warfarin sodium with 50-100 rpm and the USP basket and paddle apparatuses. Significant differences in all calculated parameters were found (*P<0.05) excepting percent dissolved at 30 min with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and phosphate buffer pH 6.8.
Conclusion: More research is necessary to identify the in vitro release performance of poorly soluble drugs under available USP apparatuses considering factors as agitation rate and kind of dissolution media. The knowledge of the in vitro release performance of reference drug products is important for the design of better generic formulations
PRONIOSOMAL GEL MEDIATED TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF GLIBENCLAMIDE AND ATENOLOL COMBINATION: EXVIVO AND PHARMACODYNAMIC STUDIES
Authors: ANITHA P. , SATYANARAYANA S. V.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop an optimized dosage form for treating comorbidity in combination and evaluate it for its pharmacodynamic performance in male Wistar albino rats.

Methods: Transdermal proniosomal gel for Combination of Glibenclamide (GLB) and Atenolol (ATN) was developed and optimized by Box Behnken design. This optimized combinational proniosomal gel (OCPG), which was selected by a point prediction method, was evaluated for its ex vivo, skin irritation studies and pharmacodynamic activities of both drugs in rats in comparison with its oral therapy.

Results: The ex-vivo permeation behavior through different skins was studied and the findings were also confirmed by the values of the steady-state flux (Jss). The OCPG observed an increase of more than twice in the cumulative amount of impregnated drugs compared to pure drug films. The study on skin irritation revealed the non-irritability of the developed OCPG applied. OCPG significantly showed sustained hypoglycemic activity in rats (p<0.001), when compared to orally treat animals up to 24 h. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering effect of OCPG was found to be significant (p<0.02), when compared to orally treat rats up to 24 h. However, the reduction was slow and sustained in the case of OPCG where a significant response was observed in the performed studies.

Conclusion: Overall, the results show that controlled release GLB and ATN proniosomes offer a useful and promising transdermal delivery system. Henceforth this may be an achievement in treating the diabetic hypertensive patient.
Critical Review of Indonesian Government Legal Policies on The Conversion of Protected Forests and Communal Lands of The Indigenous Batak People around Lake Toba
Authors: Imamulhadi Imamulhadi , Kurniati Nia
Published: January 2021

The Development Plan of Sibisa Lake Toba Tourism Area as The National Strategic Area for Tourism by performing a land conversion on protected forests and communal lands had stirred up a problem dilemma regarding the resistance from indigenous people around Toba Lake. It is crucial to be questioned, whether the conversion policy of protected forests and communal lands by the Indonesian Government to develop Sibisa Danau Toba Tourism Area is in accordance with related laws and regulations? As the answer, it can be concluded that the mentioned policy opposes: Article 18b of the 1945 Constitution; Article 15 of the Law of 2009 Number 32 on Environmental Protection and Management; Presidential Regulation Number 81 of 2014 on The Spatial Planning of Lake Toba Area; The Law of 1999 Number 39 on Human Rights; The Law of 2016 Number 6 on Village Government, and lastly, the United Nation Declaration on Human Rights of Indigenous People (UNDHRIP).
World Heritage Convention and Transnational Legal Process to Protect Indonesian Nature
Authors: Aprianto Ary
Published: January 2021

The World Heritage Convention demands its states parties to strengthen mechanisms to conserve and preserve natural and cultural heritage consistently. A party to the Convention, Indonesia faces challenges to maintain the balance of economic, social, and environment considerations, pertaining to policies that affect natural heritage. Nevertheless, Indonesia remains committed to observe the Convention’s rules, including ones on sustainability and conservation. As analyzed through transnational legal process theory, the performance of this commitment helps to internalize the Convention’s rules into domestic context. It is suggested that Indonesia step up its interaction with the Convention’s actors in the hope of expanding the internalization of the Convention since it will help Indonesia to design better nature conservation and preservation mechanism.
The Role of The Financial Services Authority in The Legal Protection of Privacy Rights in Connection with Personal Data of Fintech Lending Debtor in Indonesia
Authors: Priskarini Intan , Pranoto Pranoto , Tejomurti Kukuh
Published: January 2021

The speed of disbursement of funds also makes fintech lending seems easy. Consequently, many people are interested to make credit. There are more than 900 alleged violations of law and human rights by online funding applications, including alleged violations of the privacy rights of the debtor’s personal data where billing is submitted not only to the debtor but also to all telephone contacts stored on the debtor’s cellphone without consent. This study is a prescriptive normative study through library research to look for secondary data by using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials and field researches. The study reveals several results. Firstly, although the Regulation of the Financial Services Authority Number 77 of 2016 has been published, fintech providers registered in the Financial Services Authority have not upheld a legal culture to protect debtors on the use of debtors’ personal data. Secondly, fintech lending makes it easier for Indonesian people to have a positive impact due to the speed of the application fund disbursement system but this convenience is not matched by the knowledge of debtors who do not read and pay attention to the contents of electronic contracts. Thirdly, as long as the Personal Data Protection Bill has not been ratified, as a preventive measure, the Financial Services Authority can take some alternative roles, namely Financial Services Authority should be involved in reviewing electronic contracts made by fintech lending and giving feasible recommendations on electronic contracts made by parties and standardize electronic contract contents so that each fintech lending company has the same and clear contract contents set by the Financial Services Authority.
Report of Clinical Audit for Prevention and Improvement of Bedsore in Southwest Iran
Authors: Pazyar Nader , Fatemi Nasrin , Mirzai Nosrat , Jahangir Mohammad , Rasooli Farahnaz , Attarzadeh Shahrzad
Published: January 2021

Objective:  Pressure ulcer is areas of necrosis caused by external pressure on bony prominences with a prevalence of 10-22%.

Methods: This study was conducted to improve prevention and care of bedsore by clinical audit at Ahvaz Golestan Hospital. We included hospitalized patients at the risk of bedsore in general, special and emergency units at Ahvaz Golestan Hospital during a 6-month period. In accordance to the clinical audit cycle, the current situation was assessed by observation and consultation. After finding weakness points, proper interventions were implemented based on NICE guidelines for bedsore. Subsequently, another audit was performed to assess the effectiveness of intervention.

Results: Comparison of results before and after intervention showed an increase in all studied variables. The changes in studied variables are listed as following: bedsore reduction (p=0.001), patients' assessment during the first 6 hours of hospitalization (p=0.008), assessment of external pressure (p=0.001), change position (p=0.001), care standards (p=0.170) and skin friction (p=0.001). The highest increase was seen in change position (p=0.001) and the lowest increase was seen in maintaining adequate skin hygiene (p=0.360).

Conclusions: Clinical audit led to improvement of prevention and treatment quality of bedsore and also formulation and implementation of standards of care.
Factors affecting psychological problems in primary caregivers of People with Multiple Sclerosis: a qualitative study
Authors: Sadeghi Bita , Estebsari Fatemeh , Rassouli Maryam , Ebadi Abbas
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The present research aimed to explore factors affecting psychological problems among primary caregivers of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (PCIMS).

Methods: The present qualitative research employed a content analysis approach and was conducted in Isfahan, Iran in 2018-19. The participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore psychological problems involved in providing care to MS patients and the factors affecting them with 8 patients, 10 caregivers and 3 healthcare providers. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: The acquired data were put in 4 main categories of â€œisolation and lonelinessâ€, â€œcaregiverâ€™s concernsâ€, â€œfrustration and hopelessnessâ€ and â€œDisruption in the family foundationâ€, each with certain sub-categories.

Conclusion: The present results can be helpful to manage psychological disorders and the underlying factors of PCIMS. Thus, healthcare providers and policy-makers should consider these areas and make special attempts to improve the performance and conditions of these caregivers to maximize the quality of care provided.