bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Metode Think Pare Share Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Prestasi Mata Kuliah Pengantar Bisnis di Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Tahun Akademik 2019/2020
Authors: . Ninik Srijani
Published: October 2020

“Metode TPS (Think Pair Share) adalah proses pembelajaran yang merangsang mahasiswa untuk berfikir, mendiskusikan secara berpasangan, dan mempersentasikan atau berbagi pendapat dengan mahasiswa yang lain”. Dengan metode ini mahasiswa dapat mengikuti perkuliahan dengan jalan berpikir, berkerjasama, dan melakukan kegiatan berbagi   pada sesama mahasiswa yang menempuh mata kuliah Pengantar Bisnis pada semester yang bersamaan. Namun, kenyataannya yang ada pembelajaran di kelas yang terjadi dosen sulit melakukan pengelolaaan kelas, interaksi antara dosen dan mahasiswa kurang optimal, hal ini dikarenakan pada umumnya dosen dalam memberi kuliah, mengajar dengan menerangkan materi dengan bergantung pada metode ceramah, sehingga mahasiswa menjadi pasif dan lebih bersifat ”teacher center”. Harapannya dengan diterapkannya metode TPS dalam pembelajaran mahasiswa dapat menemukan materi pembelajaran secara mandiri dengan dipandu oleh dosen, kemudian memecahkan masalah dengan berpikir, kemudian berpasasangan dengan  teman diskusi dan kemudian berbagi, maka pembelajaran di kelas akan mendorong mahasiswa lebih aktif dan tercipta pembelajaran yang “student center” Dengan pelaksanaan penerapan Program Penugasan dosen di Sekolah yang diterapkan di Program studi Pendidikan Ekonomi pada mata kuliah Pengantar Bisnis dengan mengguna- kan metode TPS (Think-Pair-Share) pembelajaran di kelas mahasiswa lebih aktif dan penuh perhatian terhadap materi yang diajarkan. Pelaksanaan metode TPS dapat   berjalan dengan baik sesuai yang direncanakan dan sudah diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran.

 
Prospek Perkembangan Modal Koperasi Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Seruyan Sejahtera
Authors: Tonich Uda Rinto Alexandro,
Published: October 2020

Baitul Maal Cooperative Wat Tamwil Seruyan Sejahtera which addresses at Jalan Patimura, Kuala Pembuang 1, Seruyan Regency. This cooperative was formed on November 2, 2012 with a cooperative legal entity No: 124 / BH / XVIII.14 / IDKUMKM / 11/2012 and chaired by Ir. H. Tarwidi Tamasaputra. This study uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive analysis, with data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation as well as the type of data used is time series data. The data obtained will be analyzed by the growth equation and least square trand. Based on the results of the study note that the capital development Based on the analysis in table 5 can be seen in 2013 there was a growth of 15%, but a decline in 2014 amounted to 17%. Growth that greatly increased in 2015 was 40% which was affected by the increase in membership. Whereas growth in 2016 was only 16%. The average capital growth of the Cooperative Baitul Maal wat Tamwil Seruyan Sejahtera in 2012-2016 is 9.62%. While based on table 7 it can be seen that the results of capital development forecasts at the Baitul Maal wat Tamwil Seruyan Sejahtera cooperative in 2017 amounted to Rp 396,035,361.60, in 2018 amounted to IDR 422,391,710.70, in 2019 amounted to IDR 448,748.059.80, in 2020, IDR 475,104,408.90 and in 2021 IDR 501,460,758.00. This forecast of development tends to increase from year to year in the amount of IDR 26,356,349.10. This increase was affected by the business carried out, the addition of new members and by voluntary contributions from members
Unimolecular Fragmentation Properties of Thermometer Ions from Chemical Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Malik Abdul , Spezia Riccardo , Hase William L.
Published: October 2020

Thermometer ions are widely used to calibrate the internal energy of the ions produced by electrospray ionization in mass spectrometry. Commonly used ions are benzylpyridinium ions with different substituents. More recently benzhydrylpyridinium ions were proposed for their lower bond dissociation energies. Direct dynamics simulations using M06-2X/6-31G(d), DFTB, and PM6-D3 are performed to characterize the activation energies of two representative systems; para-methyl-benzylpyridinium ion (p-Me-BnPy+) and methyl,methylbenzhydrylpyridinium ion (Me,Me-BhPy+). The theoretical bond dissociation energies match closely with the experiment. Simulation results are used to calculate rate constants for the two systems. These rate constants and their uncertainties are used to find the Arrhenius activation energies and RRK fitted threshold energies which give reasonable agreement with calculated bond dissociation energies at the same level of theory. There is only one fragmentation mechanism observed for both systems, which involves C-N bond dissociation via a loose transition state, to generate either benzylium or benzhydrylium ion and a neutral pyridine molecule. For p-Me-BnPy+ using DFTB and PM6-D3 the formation of tropylium ion, from rearrangement of benzylium ion, was observed but only at higher excitation energies and for longer simulation times. These observations suggest that there is no competition between reaction pathways that could affect the reliability of internal energy calibrations.
Chiral Primary Amine/Ketone Cooperative Catalysis for Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Cai Mao , Xu Kaini , Li Yuze , nie zongxiu , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong
Published: October 2020

Carbonyl and amine are yin and yang in organocatalysis that mutually activate and transform each other. As intrinsically reacting partners, carbonyl and amine tend to condensate, depleting their individual activity when employed as catalysts. Though widely established as prominent catalytic strategies, aminocatalysis and carbonyl catalysis seems not coexist well and a cooperative amine/carbonyl dual catalysis remains virtually unknown. Here we report a cooperative primary amine and ketone dual catalysis in the asymmetric α-hydroxylation with H2O2. Besides participating in the typical enamine catalytic cycle, the chiral primary amine catalyst was found to work cooperatively with a ketone catalyst to activate H2O2 via an oxaziridine intermediate derived from in-situ generated ketimine intermediate. The resulted enamine-oxaziridine coupling then facilitated highly-controlled hydroxylation of β-ketocarbonyls that are not possible with other catalytic methods. The dual catalytic approach allows for highly enantioselective α-hydroxylation of a broad range of β-ketocarbonyls. Particularly, late-stage hydroxylation for peptidyl amide or chiral esters can also be achieved with high stereoselectivity. With its operational simplicity and mild conditions, this cooperative amine/ketone catalysis provides a new strategy in catalytic activation of H2O2 and expands the domain of typical amine and carbonyl catalysis to include those challenging transformations.
Intercalates of Bi2Se3 Studied in Situ by Time-Resolved Powder X-ray Diffraction and Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Kamminga Machteld , Cassidy Simon J. , Jana Partha P. , Kelly Nicola D. , Clarke Simon J.
Published: October 2020

Intercalation of lithium and ammonia into the layered semiconductor Bi2Se3 proceeds via ahyperextended (by > 60 %) ammonia-rich intercalate, to eventually produce a layered compoundwith lithium amide intercalated between the bismuth selenide layers which offer scope for furtherchemical manipulation.
Antibacterial activity of Metal nanoparticles produced by Streptomyces spp. Isolated from soil samples
Authors: Samer M. Al-Hulu
Published: October 2020

Twenty-five soil samples were collected from Hilla city. (10) Actinomyctes isolates were isolated. Five Streptomyces spp. Late was diagnosed. Isolates positive for a gram and having grey Aerial Mycelium and yellow-green Substrate mycelium on yeast-malt extract medium. All Streptomyces spp. olates d for nanoparticles production. Streptomyces spp.2 was able for producing of omyces spp.2 was, grey aerial, yellow-green substrate mycelium, unable for in producing, having the ability for using glucose, sucrose, mannitol, negative for fructose and mannose, negative for indole, and vogas Proskauer, positive for methyl red test and citrate utilization, negative for catalase and urea test. UV spectrum for ZnO particles showed maximum absorption at 418 nm. FT-IR spectrum for ZnO nanoparticles represented absorption peak at 3425.58 cm-1 is O-H group, 2360.87 cm-1 is CΞC , 1678.07 cm-1 is C=O group, 1388.75 cm-1 is C-H group,1089,78 cm-1 is C-O bending, 1006.84 cm-1 is C-O stretching,615.36 cm-1 is C-H, and 545.86 cm-1 is C-cl stretching. SEM shows the ability of Streptomyces spp.2 for spherical ZnO nanoparticles synthesizing with size (78.96) nm. Streptomyces spp.2 ZnO nanoparticles were having a great effect on E.coli, with inhibition zone (20 mm) and (15,18) mm against S.aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia.
Effect of vitamin C supplementation on autonomic function tests in smokeless tobacco chewers
Authors: Jaywant Thorat  , Anand Joshi  , Ajit Sontakke  , Kanchan wingkar
Published: October 2020

According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death all over the world. Use of Smokeless Tobacco (ST) increases level of nicotine and autonomic effects throughout the day that are similar to smoking. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ST on ratio, Sustained Handgrip test (SHG), serum (CTN) level and serum Vitamin C (VC) in ST chewers. Total 338 participants aged years were divided in two groups, ST chewers and ST non chewers (controls). ST chewers were further classified with respect to Smokeless Tobacco Chewing (STC) duration (years), frequency (times/day) and quantity (/ day). Participants were asked to consume 1000 mg of vitamin C for 45 days. ratio, SHG, serum CTN and serum VC levels were measured at the baseline study and after supplementation of VC. ratio (p= 0.006), DBP rise in SHG (p=0.002) and serum VC (p<0.001) levels were significantly decreased however, serum CTN (p<0.001) level was significantly increased in ST chewers as compared to controls. VC supplementation did not show any significant change in ratio and SHG however, serum CTN (p<0.001) level was significantly decreased and serum VC (p<0.001) level was significantly increased in ST chewers as compared to baseline values. Increased STC duration, frequency and quantity did not show any significant change in ratio and DBP rise in SHG in ST chewers. The use of ST is associated with decreased sympathetic activity and serum VC level as well as increased serum CTN level in tobacco chewers as compared to controls.
Maerua edulis (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) DeWolf: A review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties
Authors: Alfred Maroyi
Published: October 2020

Maerua edulis (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) DeWolf  is collected from the wild for its edible fruits and also used as traditional medicine. This study is aimed at evaluating the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of M. edulis. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study revealed that the bark, fruit, leaf, root and tuber infusion and decoction of M. edulis  are mainly used as a thirst quencher and ethnoveterinary medicine, and traditional medicine for eye infections, stomach ache, infertility in women, wounds, fungal infections, rheumatic swellings, cough and tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include agmatine, betaines, cardiac glycosides, fatty acids, flavonoids and quaternary ammonium compounds. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that M. edulis extracts and compounds isolated from the species have acaricidal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and insecticidal activities. Future research on M. edulis should focus on the possible biochemical mechanisms of both the crude extracts and identified phytochemical compounds including toxicological, in vivo and clinical studies to corroborate the traditional medicinal applications of the species.
Preclinical evaluation of the impact of cilostazol on anti-depressant activity of fluoxetine
Authors: Sadgunottama goud kamparaj  , Kudagi B L  , Muthiah N S  , Karikal H P  , Pravin Kumar R
Published: October 2020

The current anti-depressant agents have limitations like the slow onset of action, moderate efficacy, withdrawal symptoms, incompliance of treatment, and instabilities in circadian rhythm. Their therapeutic use is quite restricted and produces inadequate or partial symptomatic relief of depression which may lead to treatment- resistance depression. In the view of a new strategy, second messengers (cAMP, cGMP) and their signalling pathways are emerging as novel targets for anti-depressants. The present study conducted to evaluate the augmentation property of cilostazol on the anti-depressant activity of fluoxetine. Traditional anti-depressant models like forced swimming test and tail suspension test were employed. Mice were randomly grouped into six groups, with six rats in each. Each group was treated, as mentioned in the study. The reduction in immobility period of each mouse was noted. These results were analysed by ordinary one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Cilostazol at a dose of 20 mg/kg i.p significantly reduced immobility period when compared to cilostazol 10 mg/kg i.p and normal saline. Cilostazol 10 mg/kg i.p also decreased immobility period significantly when compared to normal saline by forced swimming test. Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg i.p + cilostazol 20 mg/kg i.p produced a highly significant reduction in the immobility period in comparison with all groups except with fluoxetine 20 mg/kg i.p + cilostazol 10 mg/kg i.p in forced swimming test. This study concludes that cilostazol has produced dose-dependent anti-depressant activity. This study also emphasises cilostazol can augment the anti-depressant activity of fluoxetine.
Concept of Dhoopan Chikitsa (Medicinal Fumigation Therapy) and Its Importance in Prevention of air-borne diseases– A review
Authors: Minakshi A.Urkude
Published: October 2020

A person could spread infectious diseases to another person or an animal to person. Most of the contagious diseases are airborne, air borne diseases spread by tiny pathogens in the air. Bacteria, fungi or viruses transmit them. These diseases are spread by sneezing, coughing and phlegm. Airborne diseases are the most widespread, and complete prevention is complicated. These pandemic conditions had occurred in ancient times, which were described in Ayurveda text such as Janpadodhwansaj vikar (mass destruction of population) and infectious diseases (Auopsargika rogas) and Samarikavishaprayoga.Janpadodhwansaj vikar, communicable diseases (Auopsargika rogas) and Samarikavishaprayoga spread by four routes – air, water, region, time. At that time, Dhoopan Chikitsa (Fumigation therapy) had been mentioned for treating these types of airborne diseases spread by air. Dhoopana is one of the measures suggested for the maintenance of the internal and external environment of man. Dhoopana is a method by which drugs of herbal, herbo-mineral or animal origin are used for fumigation. Herbs belonging to Plant origin possess kushthahara krimihara and kandughna properties, Animal products like horn, hair, nails etc. have also been used for fumigation and Mineral like sulphur compound viz, Hartal (Arsenic trisulphide) and Manashila (Arsenic disulphide) have been used as a disinfectant for Dhoopa Chikitsa or medicinal fumigation therapy. The nose is the best route for the administration of drugs to the patient. Dhoopan Chikitsa is very easy to administer, and it can fumigate the environment also.
Assessing the impact of quercetin isolated from Ammi majus seeds upon Candida spp. isolants isolated from different sources
Authors: Shifaa T. J. AL-Assaf  , Maha A. Al-Rejaboo  , Ayad-C.AL-.Daody
Published: October 2020

Quercetin has been extracted from Ammi majus plant using ethanol via soxhlet system. Further, the substance was diagnosed by three binary and mono-layered chromatographical devices beside chronographical quantitative separation. Total of 45 patients was inflicted with mouth infections and urinary tract in both genders. The momentary vaginal infections among different ages of people settled in different regions of Nineveh district / Iraq were considered for the study. The study patients were identified using microscopic testing, selective differential medium (CHROM candida agar) and Vitek system. The isolation results inferred that the mouth infection is caused by most yeasts such as Candida parapsilosis (the most frequent),. The urinary tract infection is concerned, and most of the infections were reportedly caused by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. albicans. with regards to the vaginal infections cases, C. albicans fungus has been the most frequent. Bio chemical tests were conducted using Vitek for the isolants studied, in which there were differences in the study results. Quercetin was extracted from Candid spp. The increase in the inhibition of quercetin is noted, whenever its concentration is increased. With regards to the anti-fungals Nystantin, for the concentration of 100IU/ml.and Clotrimazole 30mg/ml had inhibited the yeast Candid spp.
Mutation in microtubule-associated protein tau MAPT coding gene and its correlation with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sabah Subhi Ismael  , Sarab D. Al-Shamaa
Published: October 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neuronal dysfunction characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in daily activities. Disturbances in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene expression result in disruption of the neuronal cytoskeleton and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The study aims are to highlight the correlation between MAPT gene's exons mutations and AD. Beside the possibility of utilizing serum's tau protein concentration as an indicator for AD due to the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary filaments of highly phosphorylated Tau in AD patient's brain. DNA had been extracted from participant's blood that divided into three groups 30 participants in each ,AD patients ,Positive family history and healthy or control groups. The results of this research showed that serum's Tau protein concentration in AD patient group was significantly higher than healthy control and positive family history group and according to this result serum's tau concentration could be utilized as a good indicator for AD .Beside mutation in each 1,9 and 13 exons had been identified by PCR product analysis utilizing specific primers for each , Amplification PCR products in exon (1) showed 428bp band in AD patients group does not exist in 26.66% and in positive family history for AD group does not exist in 23.33%, In exon (9) PCR product of 604bp band in AD patients group does not exist in 53.33%, and in positive family history group does not exist in 43.33%. While amplification PCR product of exon 13 showed 299bps band in all healthy control and positive family history but not in AD patient group instead it band in 263bp had been appeared in 36.66%. These results confirmed the important role of tau protein and its coding gene in the pathology of AD.
Knowledge and Attitude of People towards using Complementary and alternative medicine in Riyadh city - A questionnaire study
Authors: Misfir Theeb Alqahtani  , Abdul Bari Mohd  , Tahani Mohammad Al Rahbeni
Published: October 2020

The practice of CAM use is influenced by , cultural and religious factor; it becomes essential to explore the prevalence and perception on a regular basis. Therefore, aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude of consumers towards Alternative Complementary Medicine in Riyadh city. A questionnaire based survey was carried out in Riyadh city from Dec. 2019 to April 2020 on the residents above 18 years. Details of type of CAM practiced and its source of information and questions on the perceptions of participants regarding use of CAM like Is it safe to use alternative medicine, Less expensive/ more effective than modern medicine were asked. The responses of perceptions were on 3 point scale-Agreed, neutral and disagreed. Chi-square test was applied to find association different types of and perceptions with demographic variables. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of (n=381) subjects responded to the questionnaire. Most of the study subjects reported social media (51%) as the main source of information for the and used herbal medicine (72.70%). Females and participants between 51-60 years showed significantly higher use of (p<0.05). Almost 40.70% and 54.4% of the study participants agreed that the is safe and less expensive than modern medicine, respectively. Researches in the area of CAM by focusing each practice separately should be encouraged so that sufficient evidence exists to use or refute any CAM practice and physicians must advise patients to consult the respective experts and work in an integrated approach for the well-fare of the patients and the society.
Simultaneous stability indicating HPLC method development and validation for the estimation of selected antiviral agents in bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Anil Vikas Yamana  , Chandra Sekhar Kothapalli Bonnoth
Published: October 2020

Present research work aimed to develop a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method for the estimation of selected antiviral agents like abacavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine in bulk and its formulation. Ascentis C18 150 x 4.6 mm, 3.7m column was used. Photodiode array detector was used to detect the analytes. Mobile phase containing Water: Methanol (60:40) was pumped at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min was selected. The retention time of abacavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine were 2.112 min, 2.545 min and 3.254 min. The linearity was obtained from 75-450µg/ml for abacavir, 6.25-37.5µg/ml for dolutegravir and 37.5-225 µg/ml for lamivudine. Precision studies were carried, and the % RSD was found to be less than 2% for three drugs. The percentage of drug recovery was good with the developed method. The developed method was statistically validated according to the International Council on Harmonization guidelines. All the validation parameters were performed, and the results were present within the acceptance limit. The stability-indicating studies were conducted under various stress conditions. Degradants did not interfere with the retention time of the analyte and were present within acceptance criteria. The current method was economical and rapid when compared to past reported works.
Effect of premedication with oral clonidine on intraoperative blood loss during rhinoplasty surgery - A systematic review
Authors: Sudarssan Subramaniam Gouthaman  , Janani Kandamani  , Divya Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan  , P. U. Abdul Wahab
Published: October 2020

Rhinoplasty is one frequent surgical procedure of many technical variations that only a few surgeons are considered to have mastered its broad scope. Operative site bleeding is considered to be an exasperating issue in the surgical procedure of rhinoplasty. Over the past few decades, the strategy of lowering patient's blood pressure during anaesthesia or "Hypotensive anaesthesia" has been practised to reduce the blood loss during surgeries. Clonidine is an antihypertensive drug and is suggested to have advantageous effects in controlling the intraoperative blood loss. The objective of this systematic review was to explore and study the existing literature and determine the efficacy of oral clonidine as a premedication in reducing the intraoperative blood loss in rhinoplasty surgeries. Data was gathered from electronic databases like PubMed, Medline and Cochrane central library. An additional manual search was performed with various journals to look for available articles to include in the systematic review. Only those studies which met the criteria for inclusion were selected. All studies and reports that evaluated oral clonidine with placebo in reducing bleeding during rhinoplasty surgery were included. Pertinent literature abstracts and full-text articles pertaining to the query were analysed. Two articles in total were taken in for qualitative analysis, both of which were randomised clinical trials. Oral clonidine shows significantly more efficient in reducing intraoperative bleeding than the placebo group. Premedication with oral clonidine is significantly effective in controlling blood loss during the surgical procedure of rhinoplasty.
Role of capping in peptide synthesis
Authors: Deepshikha Verma  , Pillai V N R  , Giriraj Tailor
Published: October 2020

Protecting groups like Fmoc and coupling both steps are essential to monitoring the Fmoc SPPS (Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis) reaction completion. Reliable methods are used to detect the unreacted number of amino groups for monitoring these two essential reaction steps of coupling and cleavage. The ability to detect the complete coupling, incomplete coupling or failure of coupling we use many colour tests in the laboratory and based on this the Fmoc peptide chemistry allows the control of the completion of the Fmoc cleavage. The most important test used is the Kaiser test and highly recommended to monitor the coupling and cleavage steps. If the result of colour tests is positive after coupling, then the second coupling should be performed. Then again use the colour test to detect the level of coupling. If the result is still slightly positive, repeat coupling with the smaller modification of reagents such as used PyBOP instead of HOBT AND HOAT. These colour tests help in revealing the presence of unreacted amino-functional groups. Thus, we need to block these free N-terminal of amino- acids which help in avoiding the making of deletion of sequence.
Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infection in blood donors at tertiary care centre of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Sandip Kumar  , Neeraj Dhameja  , Satendra Kumar  , Sunil Rao  , Lalit Prashant Meena  , Satyendra Kumar Singh  , Neelam Singh
Published: October 2020

Microbiological safety is very important aspect of blood transfusion services (BTS). Viral infectious agents possess a great risk of transfusion transmitted disease. On the one hand, blood or component transfusion is a lifesaving modality but on the other hand it can cause great mortality or morbidity in recipient if not used judiciously. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria amongst all types of donors donated at blood bank of Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during the year 2017. This was a retrospective study. The blood donors included in this study include all donors coming directly to blood bank and blood donation camps organized by blood bank. Total donation during that period was 22255 units. A detailed questionnaire was given to the donors for registration. A total of 226 units (1.01%) were seropositive. The sero-prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis were 0.9% (21), 0.79% (177), 0.09% (22), 0.02% (6) respectively. No cases of malaria were detected. TTI can be reduced by motivating maximum voluntary blood donation, reducing replacement donation, public information and donor education awareness programme, stringent donor screening criteria and vigilance of error.
The Infection of Leukemia in Children with hormone variation in Baghdad Patients
Authors: Abed H. Baraaj
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the current study was to find out the reasons that lead to a continuous Increase in the injury of children (0-14 years) with leukemia. There is no information to support the mother s exposure to prenatal accidents or the extent 0f their impact on the fetus. Therefore, the study suggested the effect of some environmental factors such as pollution in Baghdad and them are genetic. The study was conducted on 30 children with acute leukemia divided into two subgroups 15 male and 15 females, the control group also consisted of 30 children and divided into two subgroups 15 male and 15 females. The results showed a large numbers of acute lymphoblast leukemia B-cells (ALL)in the peripheral blood smear of infected children with leukemia. The level of erythropoietin showed significant variation in the groups that were included in the study where the EPO level in the infected children was (82.476±7.435mIU/ml), while the EPO level in the uninfected children was (12.321±1.315mIU/ml). the study also Show that there were significant differences in the levels of EPO in children from males with an infection (85.672±1.127 mIU/ml) compared to children of uninfected males (12.869±1.623mIU/ml). This also applies to children of infected females (72.351±9.216mIU/ml) compared to Children of uninfected females (11.672±0.632 mIU/ml).
Optical characterization and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous Melastoma malabathricum extract against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Irshad Ul Haq Bhat  , Maisarah Binti Alias
Published: October 2020

The approach towards green synthetic methods has been enormously encouraged to synthesise nanoparticles for various uses. In this study, the one-pot synthetic method was adapted to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) aqueous extract. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by observing the results obtained by optical characterisation methods. The plasma resonance band along with shoulder at 375 nm and 595 nm, respectively, in Uv-Visible spectra supported the conversion of silver (Ag) to AgNPs reduced by functional groups present in the plant extract. The size of AgNPs was 31 nm and cubic in shape as confirmed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) using Scherer equation. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) results also confirmed the presence of silver. The FTIR characterisation confirmed the presence of reducing functional groups. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was carried out by disc diffusion method with increasing concentration of AgNPs, and enhanced inhibition zone was observed. The AgNPs obtained can be further explored against different bacterial strains and can a potential candidate as an antibacterial agent using the green synthetic approach.
The impacts of parenteral vitamin B1, B6, B12 on hemoglobin levels in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon  , Radian Adhiputra Antonius  , Vanessa Veronica  , Yosua Pither Parianto
Published: October 2020

Chronic kidney disease is a disorder of renal function and structure. The glomerular filtration rate was below the normal value and less than 60 ml/minute /1.73 m2 for more than 3 months. Patients with chronic kidney disease have erythropoietin in small amounts, and cause anemia. Vitamin B1 acts as oxidative decarboxylation reactions, B6 necessary to heme synthesis, and B12 converts homocysteine to methionine. This study aims to measure the impacts of parenteral vitamin B1, B6, B12 on hemoglobin level in chronic renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta and Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta. The design of this study was one group pretest-posttest using secondary data from lab results from medical records. Data were collected from 117 patients using consecutive sampling methods at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta and Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2019. The treatment given was parenteral vitamin B1, B6, B12 twice a week with a dose of 2 ml. Vitamin B was given intravenously after each hemodialysis. Hemoglobin levels were measured 3 times on 1st visit (before vitamin B administration), 2nd visit (after vitamin B administration), and 3rd visit (after vitamin B administration). There were significant differences of hemoglobin levels on 2nd visit compared to 1st visit (p = 0,000); 3rd visit compared to 1st visit (p = 0,000) and 3rd visit compared to 2nd visit (p = 0.010). Parenteral vitamin B1, B6, B12 gave significant impacts on hemoglobin level and was safe for chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Research of antibody titres to antigens of a low molecular fraction of C. Albicans fungus disintegrate at preventing candidomicosis
Authors: Mykola V Rybalkin  , Tatiana V Diadiun  , Olga S Kalyuzhnaya  , Svitlana M Kovalenko  , Olexandr S Kukhtenko
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work is the study of antibody titers of low molecular weight proteins fractions less than ten kDa with C. Albicans protein concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/ml in the prevention of candidiasis. A low molecular fraction of C. Albicans proteins in concentration 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/ml were examined in white mice. The mice were intramuscularly injected into the upper part of the right hind paw 0.2 ml of the test fractions with the investigated protein concentrations. After 14 days, 0.2 ml of test fractions were injected again into the upper part of the left hind paw. Animals in the control group were administered saline. After one month for one group and after three months for the second group of experimental animals after the second injection, intraperitoneal infection of the animals was carried out. For this purpose, a suspension of C. Albicans fungi was used in the amount of 20 million cells in a volume of 1 ml. After 14 days, determination of the protective functions of the animal body by the titer of specific C. Albicans antibodies has been performed during enzyme-linked immunoassay. Studies have shown that the low molecular weight fraction of C. Albicans fungi cells antigens with protein concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/ml at a double intramuscular injection of 0.2 ml does not provide activation of immune mechanisms. The low molecular weight fraction of C. Albicans proteins does not activate the body's defence mechanisms.
Analytical and Bio-Analytical Method Development and Validation of Dichlorvos Pesticide Using RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Vaishnav lal C L  , Chandan R S  , Maruthi R  , Gurupadayya B M
Published: October 2020

Organophosphorus compounds were synthesised in the 1800s. Later they are used as insecticides in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The German scientist Gerhard Schrader is known for the creation of the basic chemical structure of anticholinesterase organophosphate compounds and development of the first commercialised Organophosperous insecticide. Such chemicals are anticholinesterase insecticide commonly used in agriculture and horticulture. To a lesser extent, they are used for domestic use. Due to the absence of bio persistence in organophosphates, most of the western countries opted to substitute organochlorines with organophosphates. Organophosphate pesticides are commonly used around the world, and contamination by these compounds is a serious public health concern in developing countries. Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of OP poisoning not only differ with path or level of exposure. But also the agent's chemical composition. Organophosphates are a group of pesticide that was developed in the 1940s in Germany and soon became an effective defence against agricultural pests. Dichlorvos which is a commonly used group of pesticide is a broad-spectrum organophosphate compound having insecticidal activity. Dichlorvos is a cholinesterase inhibitor exhibiting stomach, contact and systemic mode of action. Therefore, an accurate, fast, cost-effective and straightforward RP-HPLC technique for detecting Dichlorvos was developed. The RP-HPLC method is established by using ACN and Millipore water 50:50 v/v as mobile phase, the Flow rate is maintained at 1.5mL/minute. Detection of Dichlorvos was performed by using a PDA detector at 200nm. By this RP-HPLC procedure, RT of Dichlorvos was identified at 2.9 min.
Clinical evaluation of the effect of Ayurvedic oil enema therapy in the management of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Shweta Dadarao Parwe  , Vaishali Vasantrao Kuchewar  , Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha  , Dhiraj Singh Rajput
Published: October 2020

Cervical Radiculopathy (CR), a common cause due to nerve compression. CR occurs when one or more nerves are impaired. When the motor nerves are compressed, it causes pain in the arms. In the cervical radiculopathy, the problem occurs at the brachial plexuses; it also affects the cervical area of the spinal cord. However, the symptoms related to the cervical radiculopathy are radiated and expressed in arms. The treatment is available for cervical radiculopathy, but the medicine is not satisfactory. Hence, we prepared medicated oil with the help of some nerve nourishing herbs, and we used this oil through Ayurvedic medicated enema therapy (Matra basti) for the cervical radiculopathy. Enema of medicated oil (Matrabasti) was administered for 21 days. The treatment was also validated. The nerve conduction was taken as a tool and the changes observed were confirmed. The observed result showed the scale of pain reduced from 7.55 to 1.12 among the CR patients. Motor nerve conduction parameter like latency, amplitude and Conduction velocity was 6.46, 3.95, 47.07 ms in the cervical radiculopathy patients. With the treatment of the medicated oil enema, it was 6.75, 6.97 and 60.41 ms respectively, which is a phenomenal increase. We concluded that, in the pain scale, it reduced which was 85.16%. In this study of 21 days, the Conduction velocity parameters, which was used to assess patients, showed considerable improvement. This study attempts to ascertain cervical radiculopathy may be successfully managed through the medicated oil enema (Matrabasti).
Neuroprotective potential of Costus speciosus on neurotransmitters levels in noise stress condition in rats
Authors: Saraswathi Ilango  , Saikumar P  , Sembulingam Kandhaswamy  , SaiKarthik Jayakumar
Published: October 2020

Exposure to overwhelming stress could lead to development of mental disorders and worsening of existing ones. The impact produced by exposure to stress might be affected by the seriousness of the stressor, the time amid which it is connected (acute vs. chronic). In traditional practice of medicine, C. speciosus extract exhibits antistress action so we aimed to test whether this extract plays a vital role in maintaining the brain's chemical transmitters levels during acute noise stress conditions. The levels of Dopamine (DA), Norepinephrine (NE) and Serotonin (5HT) were analysed by reverse phase HPLC in cerebral cortex and hippocampus brain tissue of acute noise stress exposed, C. speciosus extract (250mg and 500mg) and fluoxetine treated rats. Norepinephrine and dopamine were found to be increased in contrast to 5-HT levels in stressed group of rats, whereas CSE 500 mg could alleviate the said alteration. This study highlights the importance of C. speciosus extract therapy to noise stress induced rats by testing the neurotransmitters levels in brain tissue to understand its therapeutic potential.
Screening for Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens
Authors: Momanyi Kerubo Rachael  , Rajiv P  , Sugapriya Dhanasekaran
Published: October 2020

The plants are producing different types of secondary metabolites and are employed either indirectly or directly in the pharmaceutical industries. The chemical constituents of secondary metabolites improve the primary health and physiological activity in human systems. Tridax procumbens is belonging to Asteraceae family. T. procumbens is classified as a weed. In traditional medicine, the leaves, root, and stem of T. procumbens were used to treatment of stomach pain, diarrhoea, colds, inflammations, hepatopathies, bacterial and skin infections. The main objectives of present study were to screen the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of weed plant (T. procumbens). The phytochemical screening was carried out using the stranded methods. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity for aqueous extract of T. procumbens was done by agar well diffusion method using bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Fusarium oxysporium and Trichoderma reesei. All the phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, phenolic groups, glycosides, tannin, alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids and steroids were present in the extract of T. procumbens and were confirmed by phytochemical analysis. The aqueous extract has not shown antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested pathogens. Other evaluation process is to be done on isolation of phytochemicals and chemical structure determination of bioactive compounds.
Molecular effects of mutated amino acids involved in Transmembrane and Domain regions on the BCR oncogene protein using In silico techniques
Authors: Anuradha Manogharan  , Regina Mary Rathina Samy  , Ramadevi Mohan
Published: October 2020

BCR gene is expressed in patients with Philadelphia-positive Leukemias, known as chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Here, we focus on how the intramolecular domains and transmembrane segments are involved in the mutated sites of BCR. In this research work, we thoroughly analysed the transmembrane segments and the functional domains and predicted the 3D structure. We applied two kinds of techniques in our work. One is sequence-based, where we proved that the transmembrane segments in the functional domains contain the mutated sites. The second technique is structure-based, where we predicted the 3D structure of BCR gene-coded protein and visualised the transmembrane segments, which included the mutated sites. By using advanced molecular visualisation tools, the molecular structural properties of the respective transmembrane regions of amino acids will be determined. Both the techniques involved the use of advanced insilico tools and database. Our results elucidated that both the sequence and structure-based outcomes represented the identified transmembrane segments in the functional domains, which are potential candidates for drug docking studies. Hence, we finally concluded that this research work would play a vital role in clinical oncology and structure-based drug designing. Our research work is the first attempt to prove that potential drug binding sites are present in BCR oncogene-protein using insilico techniques. The results of this research investigation form a basic foundation for structure-based drug designing.
Clinical evaluation of Nitya Virechana in Hepato cellular Jaundice – A Case Study
Authors: Shweta Dadarao Parwe  , Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha
Published: October 2020

Kamala is a Vikar of the pittapradoshja. The symptoms are analogous to those of jaundice. Hepatocellular jaundice is an infectious condition which affects the liver.Due to lifestyle modification, society can't follow these concepts about ‘Aahar’&Vihar’(Diet and behavioural regime)(e.g. fast food, Chinese style food, late-night sleep and day sleep. So now the maximum people in a day are going to suffer from GIT problem. Pittakar-ahar likes Vada-Pav, highly spiced food and propensity to consume alcohol is also rising gradually. Ayurveda has historically been highly proficient and has been treating liver disorders for centuries, and the drug toxicity tends to be lower than conventional medicine. Therefore the case study, like NityaVirechana, is based on Ayurvedic Medicine and Purification Therapy (Panchakarma Procedure). Acharya Charak stated the Classical Virechana is management, but the patient was lean, and his strength was not as much of, so incapable of performing classical virechan. His body structure and his strength and working pattern kept in mind, we planned Nityavirechan (daily purgation) and got a very good outcome and also saved his time for hospitalisation.
A synthesis and review of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of Markhamia zanzibarica
Authors: Alfred Maroyi
Published: October 2020

Markhamia zanzibarica (Bojer ex DC.) K. Schum.has been used in herbal medicine in tropical Africa since ancient times. Markhamia zanzibarica is indigenous to central, eastern and southern Africa. This extensive literature review synthesizes the information currently available on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of M. zanzibarica. The University library and electronic search engines Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and PubMed were searched for pertinent information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of M. zanzibarica. Traditionally, the species has been used as anthelmintic, and traditional medicine for backache, female reproductive problems, sexually transmitted infections, respiratory infections and gastro-intestinal problems. In vitro studies have confirmed the biological activities of M. zanzibarica which include antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity. Various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, sterols, tannins and triterpenes have been isolated from M. zanzibarica. Documentation of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of M. zanzibarica is essential as this information provides baseline data required for future research and development of health-promoting and pharmaceutical products. However, further pharmacological studies including phytochemical, toxicological, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to provide evidence for the clinical effectiveness of remedies prepared from the species.
Maerua juncea Pax and M. schinzii Pax (Capparaceae): A comparative analysis of their ethnobotany and ethnomedicinal uses
Authors: Alfred Maroyi
Published: October 2020

Maerua juncea Pax and M. schinzii Pax have a long history of medicinal use in southern Africa. This study aimed to review the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the two species. Results of this study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. The leaves, roots, stems or whole plant parts of M. juncea and M. schinzii are mainly used as protective charm and tonic, and traditional medicines for fever, heart problems, headache, earache, skin disorders, fatigue and respiratory problems. This study showed that betaines and quaternary ammonium compounds such as 3-hydroxyprolinebetaine, proline betaine and 3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl pyrrolidinium had been identified from the aerial parts of M. juncea. In contrast, alkaloids, bitter principles, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins and terpenes have been identified from the leaves of M. schinzii. The leaf extracts and compounds isolated from the species exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV and cytotoxicity activities. There is a need for extensive phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies of crude extracts of M. juncea and M. schinzii to establish the safety profiles of different preparations of the two species.