bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of a Quasi‐Free‐Standing Single Layer of Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Pt(111) by a Single Molecular Precursor
Authors: Nappini Silvia , Píš Igor , Menteş Tevfik Onur , Sala Alessandro , Cattelan Mattia , Agnoli Stefano , Bondino Federica , Magnano Elena
Published: December 2015

It is shown that on Pt(111) it is possible to prepare hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and graphene (G) in‐plane heterojunctions from a single molecular precursor, by thermal decomposition of dimethylamine borane (DMAB). Photoemission, near‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, low energy electron microscopy, and temperature programmed desorption measurements indicate that the layer fully covers the Pt(111) surface. Evidence of in‐plane layer continuity and weak interaction with Pt substrate has been established. The findings demonstrate that dehydrogenation and pyrolitic decomposition of DMAB is an efficient and easy method for obtaining a continuous almost freestanding layer mostly made of G, h‐BN with only a low percentage (<3%) of impurities (B and N‐doped G domains or C‐doped h‐BN or boron carbonitride, BCN at the boundaries) in the same 2D sheet on a metal substrate, such as Pt(111), paving the way for the advancement of next‐generation G‐like‐based electronics and novel spintronic devices.
Unusual Aspects of Supramolecular Networks: Plasticity to Elasticity, Ultrasoft Shape Memory, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhang Guogao , Zhao Qian , Zou Weike , Luo Yingwu , Xie Tao
Published: December 2015

Supramolecular bonds have been widely used for designing polymers because of their reversible nature. In contrast, utilization of their dynamic equilibrium nature to access materials of unusual mechanical properties has been poorly explored. Taking full advantage of this latter attribute requires the design of polymer networks with high contents of supramolecular bonds. In this work, polymer networks with high contents of self‐complementary hydrogen bonds (ureidopyrimidinone) are synthesized using thiol–acrylate click addition. The excellent tunability of the network allows a range of intriguing mechanical properties to be achieved including the transition from plasticity to elasticity, ultrasoft shape memory polymer, strong strain rate dependence, and high mechanical damping. Materials with such versatile dynamic behaviors may open up a range of new applications.
Facile Spraying Synthesis and High‐Performance Sodium Storage of Mesoporous MoS2/C Microspheres
Authors: Lu Yanying , Zhao Qing , Zhang Ning , Lei Kaixiang , Li Fujun , Chen Jun
Published: December 2015

A facile one‐step spraying synthesis of MoS2/C microspheres and their enhanced electrochemical performance as anode of sodium‐ion batteries is reported. An aerosol spraying pyrolysis without any template is employed to synthesize MoS2/C microspheres, in which ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets (≈2 nm) with enlarged interlayers (≈0.64 nm) are homogeneously embedded in mesoporous carbon microspheres. The as‐synthesized mesoporous MoS2/C microspheres with 31 wt% carbon have been applied as an anode material for sodium ion batteries, demonstrating long cycling stability (390 mAh g−1 after 2500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1) and high rate capability (312 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1 and 244 mAh g−1 at 20.0 A g−1). The superior electrochemical performance is due to the uniform distribution of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets in mesoporous carbon frameworks. This kind of structure not only effectively improves the electronic and ionic transport through MoS2/C microspheres, but also minimizes the influence of pulverization and aggregation of MoS2 nanosheets during repeated sodiation and desodiation.
Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ge Jiechao , Jia Qingyan , Liu Weimin , Lan Minhuan , Zhou Bingjiang , Guo Liang , Zhou Hangyue , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Ying , Gu Ying , Meng Xiangmin , Wang Pengfei
Published: December 2015

Cancer nanotheranostics combining therapeutic and imaging functions within a single nanoplatform are extremely important for nanomedicine. In this study, carbon dots (C‐dots) with intrinsic theranostic properties are prepared by using polythiophene benzoic acid as carbon source. The obtained C‐dots absorb light in the range of 400–700 nm and emit bright fluorescence in the red region (peaking from 640 to 680 nm at different excitations). More importantly, the obtained C‐dots exhibit dual photodynamic and photothermal effects under 635 nm laser irradiation with a singlet oxygen (1O2) generating efficiency of 27% and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 36.2%. These unique properties enable C‐dots to act as a red‐light‐triggered theranostic agent for imaging‐guided photodynamic–photothermal simultaneous therapy in vitro and in vivo within the therapeutic window (600–1000 nm).
Estimating open access mandate effectiveness: The MELIBEA score
Authors: Vincent‐Lamarre Philippe , Boivin Jade , Gargouri Yassine , Larivière Vincent , Harnad Stevan
Published: December 2015

MELIBEA is a directory of institutional open‐access policies for research output that uses a composite formula with eight weighted conditions to estimate the “strength” of open access (OA) mandates (registered in ROARMAP). We analyzed total Web of Science‐(WoS)‐indexed publication output in years 2011–2013 for 67 institutions in which OA was mandated to estimate the mandates' effectiveness: How well did the MELIBEA score and its individual conditions predict what percentage of the WoS‐indexed articles is actually deposited in each institution's OA repository, and when? We found a small but significant positive correlation (0.18) between the MELIBEA “strength” score and deposit percentage. For three of the eight MELIBEA conditions (deposit timing, internal use, and opt‐outs), one value of each was strongly associated with deposit percentage or latency ([a] immediate deposit required; [b] deposit required for performance evaluation; [c] unconditional opt‐out allowed for the OA requirement but no opt‐out for deposit requirement). When we updated the initial values and weights of the MELIBEA formula to reflect the empirical association we had found, the score's predictive power for mandate effectiveness doubled (0.36). There are not yet enough OA mandates to test further mandate conditions that might contribute to mandate effectiveness, but the present findings already suggest that it would be productive for existing and future mandates to adopt the three identified conditions so as to maximize their effectiveness, and thereby the growth of OA.
Predicting information searchers' topic knowledge at different search stages
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Liu Chang , Belkin Nicholas J.
Published: December 2015

As a significant contextual factor in information search, topic knowledge has been gaining increased research attention. We report on a study of the relationship between information searchers' topic knowledge and their search behaviors, and on an attempt to predict searchers' topic knowledge from their behaviors during the search. Data were collected in a controlled laboratory experiment with 32 undergraduate journalism student participants, each searching on 4 tasks of different types. In general, behavioral variables were not found to have significant differences between users with high and low levels of topic knowledge, except the mean first dwell time on search result pages. Several models were built to predict topic knowledge using behavioral variables calculated at 3 different stages of search episodes: the first‐query‐round, the middle point of the search, and the end point. It was found that a model using some search behaviors observed in the first query round led to satisfactory prediction results. The results suggest that early‐session search behaviors can be used to predict users' topic knowledge levels, allowing personalization of search for users with different levels of topic knowledge, especially in order to assist users with low topic knowledge.
Strategic intelligence on emerging technologies: Scientometric overlay mapping
Authors: Rotolo Daniele , Rafols Ismael , Hopkins Michael M. , Leydesdorff Loet
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the use of scientometric overlay mapping as a tool of “strategic intelligence” to aid the governing of emerging technologies. We develop an integrative synthesis of different overlay mapping techniques and associated perspectives on technological emergence across geographical, social, and cognitive spaces. To do so, we longitudinally analyze (with publication and patent data) three case studies of emerging technologies in the medical domain. These are RNA interference (RNAi), human papillomavirus (HPV) testing technologies for cervical cancer, and thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic testing. Given the flexibility (i.e., adaptability to different sources of data) and granularity (i.e., applicability across multiple levels of data aggregation) of overlay mapping techniques, we argue that these techniques can favor the integration and comparison of results from different contexts and cases, thus potentially functioning as a platform for “distributed” strategic intelligence for analysts and decision makers.
Quantification of motorway capacity variation: influence of day type specific variation and capacity drop
Authors: Calvert Simeon C. , Taale Henk , Hoogendoorn Serge P.
Published: December 2015

Many road authorities work with static values for road capacities, while it has been proven that capacity is not a fixed quantity. At the same time, there is an increasing need for accurate stochastic input for traffic models, such as the variation in road capacity. In this paper, a methodological framework with a conceptual model for practical stochastic capacity estimation is presented, and a quantification of motorway capacity variation is given for the influence of day‐type specific variations in capacity values. The results of the analysis show that there is a reduction in motorway breakdown capacity of 4% on weekend days in comparison with workdays. Furthermore, a capacity decrease of 8% was found for the discharge capacity in comparison with workdays. The analysis further shows that the breakdown capacity on holidays is not significantly lower than on workdays. Discharge capacity and capacity drops are also derived in each case. The results show that the capacity is significantly different depending on the type of day. A quantification of these differences is given in the form of a Weibull capacity estimation fit for each type‐of‐day scenario. Further consideration of the implications and applications of the framework is also given. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient blue organic light‐emitting diodes using N2,N2,N11,N11,5,6,7,8‐octaphenyltriphenylene‐2,11‐diamine derivatives
Authors: Kim Young Seok , Jeong Su Jin , Lee Hyun Woo , Kim Jwajin , Lee Song Eun , Kim Young Kwan , Yoon Seung Soo
Published: December 2015

In this study, we have synthesized phenyl‐substituted triphenylene derivatives, using the Diels–Alder reaction and the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. To investigate electroluminescence properties of these materials, multilayer organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices were fabricated with a structure of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/4,4′‐bis(N‐(1‐naphthyl)‐N‐phenylamino)biphenyl (NPB) (50 nm)/blue‐emitting materials (1–3) (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (Bphen) (35 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). A device using N2,N2,N11,N11,5,6,7‐heptaphenyltriphenylene‐2,11‐diamine (2) exhibited efficient blue emission with luminous, power, and external quantum efficiencies of 0.92 cd/A, 0.67 lm/W, and 1.17% at 20 mA/cm2, respectively. The Commission International de L'Éclairage coordinates of this device were (x = 0.15, y = 0.09) at 6.0 V. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) As an Interfacial Layer for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Sylvianti Nadhila , Do Thu Trang , Marsya Mutia Anissa , Park Juyun , Kang Yong‐Cheol , Kim Joo Hyun
Published: December 2015

A nonconjugated polymer, poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVPy), is applied to polymer solar cells (PSCs) as an interfacial layer (IFL) either inverted or conventional type PSCs. The Kelvin probe microscopy measurements support the formation of favorable interface dipole at the cathode interface, indicating the reduction of an electron collection barrier from the active layer to the cathode. Inverted type PSC with PVPy as an IFL demonstrate the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.20%, (open circuit voltage [V
oc] = 0.61 V, short circuit current [J
sc] = 8.68 mA/cm2, fill factor [FF] = 59.4%), which is better than the device without interlayer (PCE = 2.95%, V
oc = 0.60 V, J
sc = 8.11 mA/cm2, FF = 60.6%). Most increase in the PCE of the devices with interlayer is resulted from enhancement of the J
sc. This is due to that the reduction of an electron collection barrier at the cathode interface. Conventional type PSC with PVPy (3.51%) at the cathode interface also exhibits better the PCE compared to that of the device without interlayer (2.88%).
Solvent‐controlled Novel Cu+ and Cu+/2+ Fluorescent “Turn‐ON” Probing
Authors: Ha Yonghwang , Murale Dhiraj P. , Manjare Sudesh T. , Kim Minseong , Jeong Jeong A. , Churchill David G.
Published: December 2015

A novel Schiff base probe, carbamoyl salicylimine benzothiazole hydrazine, was prepared and measured for its probing ability. High sensitivity was shown for Cu+ and Cu2+. When solvent polarity was regulated through a combination of H2O and acetonitrile, selective sensing of Cu+ or the total amount of Cu+ and Cu2+ was possible. In addition, a linear hypsochromic fluorescent shift of about 30 nm was shown. A binding stoichiometry of 1:1 exists at low concentration. Time‐dependent emission measurement showed an exponential decay curve (τ1 = 2.99 × 103 s, 10 equiv of Cu+) and a linear decay line (slope = –0.0216, 5 equiv of Cu+). Interference experiments in 50% acetonitrile in H2O showed that the emission produced by Cu+ and Cu2+ was not disturbed by other metal ions or by acidity or basicity. Peroxynitrite changed the emission trends; Cu+ emission decreased (78%) and Cu2+ fluorescence increased (28‐fold). Biothiols, l‐cysteine, dl‐homocysteine, reduced glutathione, and N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine affected the complete reversibility of Cu+‐induced emission in 50% (v/v) acetonitrile in H2O, relative to partial reversibility of Cu2+ emission. Thus, by regulating the ratio between acetonitrile and H2O, Cu+ and Cu+/2+ can be probed selectively.
Metabolism profiles of nuciferine in rats using ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ye Lin‐Hu , Xiao Bing‐Xin , Liao Yong‐Hong , Liu Xin‐Min , Pan Rui‐Le , Chang Qi
Published: December 2015

Nuciferine (NF) is one of the main aporphine alkaloids existing in the traditional Chinese medicine Folium Nelumbinis (lotus leaves). Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that NF has a broad spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti‐HIV and anti‐hyperlipidemic effects, and has been recommended as a leading compound for new drug development. However, the metabolites and biotransformation pathway of NF in vivo have not yet been comprehensively investigated. The present study was performed to identify the metabolites of NF for exploring in vivo fates. Rat plasma and urine samples were collected after oral administration and prepared by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. A method based on ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to identify the metabolites. Q1 (first quadrupole) full scan combined with a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) survey scan were used for the detection of metabolites. MRM‐information‐dependent acquisition of enhanced product ions was used for the structural identification of detected metabolites. A total of 10 metabolites were identified, including phase I (demethylation, oxidation and dehydrogenation) and phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation and glutathione) biotransformation products. Demethylation is the main metabolic pathway of NF in the body. These results can help in improving understanding of the disposition and pharmacological mechanism of NF in the body. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic saccharification of sugar cane bagasse by continuous xylanase and cellulase production from cellulomonas flavigena PR‐22
Authors: Rojas‐Rejón Óscar A. , Poggi‐Varaldo Héctor M. , Ramos‐Valdivia Ana C. , Ponce‐Noyola Teresa , Cristiani‐Urbina Eliseo , Martínez Alfredo , de la Torre Mayra
Published: December 2015

Cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase enzyme production and saccharification of sugar cane bagasse were coupled into two stages and named enzyme production and sugar cane bagasse saccharification. The performance of Cellulomonas flavigena (Cf) PR‐22 cultured in a bubble column reactor (BCR) was compared to that in a stirred tank reactor (STR). Cells cultured in the BCR presented higher yields and productivity of both CMCase and xylanase activities than those grown in the STR configuration. A continuous culture with Cf PR‐22 was run in the BCR using 1% alkali‐pretreated sugar cane bagasse and mineral media, at dilution rates ranging from 0.04 to 0.22 1/h. The highest enzymatic productivity values were found at 0.08 1/h with 1846.4 ± 126.4 and 101.6 ± 5.6 U/L·h for xylanase and CMCase, respectively. Effluent from the BCR in steady state was transferred to an enzymatic reactor operated in fed‐batch mode with an initial load of 75 g of pretreated sugar cane bagasse; saccharification was then performed in an STR at 55°C and 300 rpm for 90 h. The constant addition of fresh enzyme as well as the increase in time of contact with the substrate increased the total soluble sugar concentration 83% compared to the value obtained in a batch enzymatic reactor. This advantageous strategy may be used for industrial enzyme pretreatment and saccharification of lignocellulosic wastes to be used in bioethanol and chemicals production from lignocellulose. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:321–326, 2016
Evaluation of options for harvest of a recombinant E. Coli fermentation producing a domain antibody using ultra scale‐down techniques and pilot‐scale verification
Authors: Voulgaris Ioannis , Chatel Alex , Hoare Mike , Finka Gary , Uden Mark
Published: December 2015

Ultra scale‐down (USD) methods operating at the millilitre scale were used to characterise full‐scale processing of E. coli fermentation broths autolysed to different extents for release of a domain antibody. The focus was on the primary clarification stages involving continuous centrifugation followed by depth filtration. The performance of this sequence was predicted by USD studies to decrease significantly with increased extents of cell lysis. The use of polyethyleneimine reagent was studied to treat the lysed cell broth by precipitation of soluble contaminants such as DNA and flocculation of cell debris material. The USD studies were used to predict the impact of this treatment on the performance and here it was found that the fermentation could be run to maximum productivity using an acceptable clarification process (e.g., a centrifugation stage operating at 0.11 L/m2 equivalent gravity settling area per hour followed by a resultant required depth filter area of 0.07 m2/L supernatant). A range of USD predictions was verified at the pilot scale for centrifugation followed by depth filtration. © 2016 The Authors Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:382–392, 2016
A temporary immersion plant propagation bioreactor with decoupled gas and liquid flows for enhanced control of gas phase
Authors: Florez Sergio L. , Curtis Matthew S. , Shaw Sydney E. , Hamaker Nathaniel K. , Larsen Jeffrey S. , Curtis Wayne R.
Published: December 2015

Temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs) are being used to propagate superior plant species on a commercial scale. We demonstrate a new TIB design, a Hydrostatic‐driven TIB (Hy‐TIB), where periodic raising and lowering the media reservoir maintains the advantages of temporary immersion of plant tissues without requiring large amounts of gas to move the media that is a characteristic of other TIB designs. The advantage of utilizing low volumes of gas mixtures (that are more expensive than air) is shown by a doubling of the growth rate of plant root cultures under elevated (40%) oxygen in air, and with CO2 supplementation showing improved phototrophic and photomixotrophic growth of seedless watermelon meristem cultures. The development of this bioreactor system involved overcoming contamination issues associated with utilizing very low gas flow rates and included utilizing microchip pressure sensors to diagnose unexpected changes in internal bioreactor pressure (± 20 Pa ∼0.0002 atm) caused by flexing of non‐rigid plastic bag vessels. The overall design seeks to achieve versatility, scalability and minimum cost such that bioreactor technology can play an increasing role in the critical need to improve plant productivity in the face of increasing demand for food, reduced resources, and environmental degradation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:337–345, 2016
Catheter‐based closure of residual leaks after percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage
Authors: Hornung Marius , Gafoor Sameer , Id Dani , Vaskelyte Laura , Hofmann Ilona , Franke Jennifer , Sievert Horst , Bertog Stefan C.
Published: December 2015

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of catheter‐based occlusion of residual leaks after percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA).

Methods

All cases of LAA closure at our center were reviewed to identify secondary interventions for residual leaks. Leaks with a width of more than 3 mm by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were considered relevant. In a case‐specific approach, depending on the respective morphology of the defect, either an LAA occlusion device or an Amplatzer Vascular Plug was implanted under TEE and fluoroscopic guidance.

Results

Between June 2003 and December 2013, 12 patients underwent residual leak closure. All procedures were technically successful and without complications. In 10 cases (83%), complete sealing was confirmed at TEE follow‐up. In 2 patients, minimal gaps (2–3 mm) persisted and anticoagulation was continued. None of the patients had strokes during the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

Percutaneous residual leak closure after attempted LAA occlusion can be done safely and with high procedural success rates. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arterial access site and outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with and without vorapaxar
Authors: Déry Jean‐Pierre , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Tricoci Pierluigi , White Harvey D. , Podder Mohua , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Moliterno David J. , Harrington Robert A. , Chen Edmond , Strony John , Van de Werf Frans , Ziada Khaled M. , Held Claes , Aylward Philip E. , Armstrong Paul W. , Rao Sunil V.
Published: December 2015

Objectives

We evaluated outcomes associated with transradial vs. transfemoral approaches and vorapaxar in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the TRACER trial.

Background

Vorapaxar reduces ischemic events but increases the risk of major bleeding.

Methods

We compared 30‐day and 2‐year major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, and urgent coronary revascularization) and noncoronary artery bypass graft (CABG)‐related bleedings in 2,192 transradial and 4,880 transfemoral patients undergoing PCI after adjusting for confounding variables, including propensity for transradial access.

Results

Overall, 30‐day GUSTO moderate/severe and non‐CABG TIMI major/minor bleeding occurred less frequently in transradial (0.9% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.001) vs. transfemoral (1.1% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.005) patients. A similar reduction was seen at 2 years (3.3% vs. 4.7%, P = 0.008; 3.3% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.001, respectively). Transradial was associated with an increased risk of ischemic events at 30 days (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11–1.72; P = 0.004), driven primarily by increased periprocedural myocardial infarctions. At 2 years, rates of MACE were comparable (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98–1.33; P = 0.096). Although bleeding rates were higher with vorapaxar in transfemoral vs. transradial patients, there was no significant treatment interaction. Also, the access site did not modulate the association between vorapaxar and MACE.

Conclusions

Transradial access was associated with lower bleeding rates and similar long‐term ischemic outcomes, suggesting transradial access is safer than transfemoral access among ACS patients receiving potent antiplatelet therapies. Because of the nonrandomized allocation of arterial access, these results should be considered exploratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of a real‐time appropriate use criteria decision support application for percutaneous coronary interventions in non‐acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chen Stuart H. , Ho Kalon K.L. , Gannon Stephen A. , Thyagarajan Braghadheeswar , Chakrabarti Anjan K. , Potter Brian J. , Singla Anand , Piccirillo Bryan J. , Meduri Christopher U. , Cutlip Donald E.
Published: December 2015

Objectives

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and value of a real‐time online appropriate use criteria (AUC) application for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients without acute coronary syndrome.

Background

High rates of non‐appropriate elective PCI in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR) CathPCI Registry have created interest in integrating decision support tools into routine clinical care to improve the frequency of appropriate PCIs.

Methods

Patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and subsequent PCI for non‐ACS indications at a single center were scored using a real‐time AUC application pre‐procedure. Blinded angiographic review was performed subsequently for each case. Rates of appropriate, inappropriate, uncertain and not rated PCIs were tabulated according to specific clinical scenarios using information available both before and after the angiographic audit.

Results

Of 308 PCIs in 272 patients, 196 (63.6%) were deemed appropriate, 79 (25.6%) uncertain, and two (0.6%) inappropriate; 31 (10.1%) scenarios could not be rated. With angiographic audit, inappropriate PCIs increased to 9.7%. There was a significant improvement in the rate of appropriate PCI using the real‐time AUC application compared with retrospective data collection for NCDR reporting (64% vs. 53%, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

Use of a real‐time AUC application together with angiographic audit may improve the accuracy of reporting PCI appropriateness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term verification of functional and structural renal damage after renal sympathetic denervation
Authors: Dörr Oliver , Liebetrau Christoph , Möllmann Helge , Gaede Luise , Troidl Christian , Wiebe Jens , Renker Matthias , Bauer Timm , Hamm Christian , Nef Holger
Published: December 2015

Previous studies of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) excluded patients with impaired renal function to avoid potential RSD‐related renal damage. Measurement of the highly sensitive biomarkers neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) has shown that RSD does not aggravate renal damage during the early post‐procedural period. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of RSD on blood pressure (BP) reduction and renal function after a long‐term follow‐up. A total of 62 consecutive patients undergoing RSD were included in this study. Serum NGAL and KIM‐1 were collected prior to RSD and at 24 hr, 48 hr, and 3 months after RSD. BP measurements, antihypertensive medication use, and safety events were followed over a three‐year period. Follow‐up data were available over 36.9[±3.4] months in 47 of 62 (75.8%) of the initially included patients. At this time point a significant systolic BP reduction of 23 mm Hg (P > 0.001) was documented, and there were no significant changes in serum creatinine (P = 0.14), blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.33), or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 0.2) values. There were also no significant changes documented in patients with impaired renal function (eGFR < 45 mL/min) during the early post‐ procedural period or the long‐term follow‐up (P = 0.34). The results of the present study show a sustained effect of RSD on BP reduction after a three‐year follow‐up, and there was no evidence of renal failure. These results provide verification of the long‐term safety and effectiveness of RSD, even in patients with impaired renal function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The retrograde approach to coronary chronic total occlusion interventions
Authors: Ungi I. , Tajti P. , Hausinger P. , Katona A. , Sasi V. , Thury A.
Published: December 2015

The results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) dramatically improved in the last decades. Despite this improvement chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) still remain a major challenge of interventional cardiology due to the complexity of these lesions. Retrograde recanalization proved to be one of the most significant amendments of the technique. Careful assessment of the occluded vessel, the donor artery and the interventional collaterals has fundamental importance for a safe and efficient procedure. High‐quality diagnostic angiogram and other imaging methods also have paramount importance for the success. The proper selection of the vascular access for retrograde CTO PCI can be challenging in patients with peripheral artery disease because of special requirements toward the guiding catheters. The latest publications demonstrated continuous improvement in the results together with decreasing complication rates of retrograde procedures. This technique significantly increased the number of patients who can be treated with PCI even with failed previous antegrade attempt.

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Transcatheter aortic valve implantation—2014 update
Authors: Phang E. H. Q. , Tay E. , Hon J. K. F.
Published: December 2015

There is a growing trend for high‐risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who are denied open heart surgery to undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Since its invention more than two decades ago, TAVI has evolved rapidly from the proof‐of‐concept phase to become an established Food and Drug Administration‐approved technology. This article reviews the developmental histories and current status, as well as the future advancement of the technique.

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The era of hybrid revascularization
Authors: Chang G. H. , Kofidis T.
Published: December 2015

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has evolved over the last 50 years since the development of the cardiopulmonary bypass machine by Gibbons in the 1950s. The progress of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) research and development of stents with improved qualities and evolution of CABG led to the birth of the new concept of hybrid revascularization. In the past, median sternotomy to access the heart for CABG has been the gold standard. In recent years, modern technology has brought about the possibility of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, in particular minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery on selected accessible target coronary vessels and simultaneous PCI to other culprit lesions. This collaborative approach has led to cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists working hand in hand to improve overall patient care—the important role of the “heart team.” This paper shall aim to review the development of hybrid revascularization, its roots, the progress and the future.

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Deep Eutectic Solvents for Organocatalysis, Biotransformations, and Multistep Organocatalyst/Enzyme Combinations
Authors: Guajardo Nadia , Müller Christoph R. , Schrebler Rodrigo , Carlesi Carlos , Domínguez de María Pablo
Published: December 2015

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as promising solutions in many areas of chemistry. DES have many of the advantages of ionic liquids (e.g., low vapor pressure, nonflammability, tunability, etc.) but have lower costs, straightforward syntheses, and are often biodegradable. In this minireview, we discuss briefly the applications of DES in areas such as biotransformations, organocatalysis, and combinations of these that lead to multistep processes. DES can be used as solvents, cosolvents, performance additives for bio‐ and organocatalysis, tools to anchor organocatalysts selectively, or for extraction/separation. Several DES have been used both as solvents and organocatalysts at the same time. Given their promising features, it may be expected that many applications in these areas will appear in the coming years.
Optimization of a Pilot‐Scale Amine Scrubber to Remove SO2: Higher Selectivity and Lower Solvent Consumption
Authors: Mirdrikvand Mojtaba , Moqadam Saeedeh Imani , Kharaghani Abdolreza , Roozbehani Behrooz , Jadidi Naqi
Published: December 2015

A pilot‐scale study of flue gas desulfurization based on an amine‐based solvent using applicable industrial values was carried out for sulfur dioxide (SO2) removal. The plant consisting of absorption and desorption columns was operated with different working parameters such as solvent flow rate, inlet concentration of SO2, temperature of desorption column, and pH of absorption agent. The Taguchi method was utilized to obtain the best combination of working parameters for the most efficient reduction of SO2 outlet concentration. The industrial gas‐to‐liquid ratio could be optimized by applying a defined SO2 concentration, stripper temperature, and solvent pH value. The achieved efficiency is much better compared to our previous study while the gas‐to‐liquid ratio is higher in this work.
Graphene–Amorphous Transition‐Metal Chalcogenide (MoSx, WSx) Composites as Highly Efficient Hybrid Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Luxa Jan , Mazánek Vlastimil , Bouša Daniel , Sedmidubský David , Pumera Martin , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: December 2015

Layered transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show promising electrocatalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A series of graphene–amorphous TMD composites were prepared under hydrothermal conditions. Materials with varying contents of MoSx and WSx were synthesized from ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and ammonium tetrathiotungstate precursors in the presence of graphene oxide and diethylene glycol as a reducing agent. The synthesized materials exhibit not only a homogeneous distribution over the graphene surface, but also high electrocatalytic activity towards the HER. These findings are highly promising for industrial electrocatalysis, because the onset potential is close to the HER potential of industrially used platinum catalysts.
Diacetylenes with Ionic‐Liquid‐Like Substituents: Associating a Polymerizing Cation with a Polymerizing Anion in a Single Precursor for the Synthesis of N‐Doped Carbon Materials
Authors: Fahsi Karim , Dumail Xavier , Dutremez Sylvain G. , van der Lee Arie , Vioux André , Viau Lydie
Published: December 2015

Imidazolium‐ and benzimidazolium‐substituted diacetylenes with bromide or nitrogen‐rich dicyanamide and tricyanomethanide anions were synthesized and used as precursors for the preparation of N‐doped carbon materials. On pyrolysis under argon at 800 °C both halide precursors afforded graphite‐like structures with nitrogen contents of about 8.5 %. When the dicyanamide and tricyanomethanide precursors were thermolyzed at the same temperature, graphite‐like structures were obtained that exhibit nitrogen contents in the range 17–20 wt %; thereby, the benefit of associating a polymerizing cation with a polymerizing anion in a single precursor was demonstrated. On pyrolysis at 1100 °C the nitrogen contents of the latter pyrolysates remain high (ca. 6 wt %). Adsorption measurements with krypton at 77 K indicated that the materials are nonporous. The highest electrical conductivity was observed for a pyrolysate with one of the lowest nitrogen contents, which also has the highest degree of graphitization. Thus, the quest for N‐rich carbons with high electrical conductivities should include both maximization of the nitrogen content and optimization of the degree of graphitization. Crystallographic investigation of the precursors and spectroscopic characterization of the pyrolysates prepared by heating at 220 °C indicate that construction of the final carbon framework does not involve the intermediate formation of a polydiacetylene.
1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Remarkable Medium for Atroposelective Sulfoxide‐Directed Fujiwara–Moritani Reaction with Acrylates and Styrenes
Authors: Dherbassy Quentin , Schwertz Geoffrey , Chessé Matthieu , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar , Wencel‐Delord Joanna , Colobert Françoise
Published: December 2015

Axially chiral biaryls are ubiquitous structural motifs of biologically active molecules and privileged ligands for asymmetric catalysis. Their properties are due to their configurationally stable axis, and therefore, the control of their absolute configuration is essential. Efficient access to atropo‐enantioenriched biaryl moieties through asymmetric direct C−H activation, by using enantiopure sulfoxide as both the directing group (DG) and chiral auxiliary, is reported. The stereoselective oxidative Heck reactions are performed in high yields and with excellent atropo‐stereoselectivities. The pivotal role of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropanol (HFIP) solvent, which enables a drastic increase in yield and stereoselectivity of this transformation, is evidenced and investigated. Finally, the synthetic usefulness of the herein disclosed transformation is showcased because the traceless character of the sulfoxide DG allows straightforward conversions of the newly accessed, atropopure sulfoxide‐biaryls into several differently substituted axially chiral scaffolds.
A Straightforward Approach to Tetrahydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazoles and 1‐Indolyltetrahydrocarbazoles through [3+3] Cyclodimerization of Indole‐Derived Cyclopropanes
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Skvortsov Dmitriy A. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya.
Published: December 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ekatarina Budynina and co‐workers from M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. The image depicts an improvised exhibition wherein an analogy is drawn between dimerization as chemical processes and dimerization as phenomena surrounding us in our everyday life. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201502287.
Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones by Oxidative Coupling of Isonitriles, Phenyl Vinyl Selenone, and Water
Authors: Buyck Thomas , Pasche Delphine , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping
Published: December 2015

Reaction of alkyl isocyanides, phenyl vinyl selenone, and water in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cs2CO3 afforded oxazolidin‐2‐ones in good yields. This unprecedented heteroannulation process created four chemical bonds in a single operation with the isocyano group acting formally as a polarized double bond and phenyl vinyl selenone as a latent 1,3‐dipole. The phenylselenonyl group played a triple role as an electron‐withdrawing group to activate the 1,4‐addition, a leaving group, and a latent oxidant in this transformation.
Escaping the Tyranny of Carbothermal Reduction: Fumed Silica from Sustainable, Green Sources without First Having to Make SiCl4
Authors: Yi Eongyu , Hyde Clare E. , Sun Kai , Laine Richard M.
Published: December 2015

Fumed silica is produced in 1000 tons per year quantities by combusting SiCl4 in H2/O2 flames. Given that both SiCl4 and combustion byproduct HCl are corrosive, toxic and polluting, this route to fumed silica requires extensive safeguards that may be obviated if an alternate route were found. Silica, including rice hull ash (RHA) can be directly depolymerized using hindered diols to generate distillable spirocyclic alkoxysilanes or Si(OEt)4. We report here the use of liquid‐feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF‐FSP) to combust the aforementioned precursors to produce fumed silica very similar to SiCl4‐derived products. The resulting powders are amorphous, necked, <50 nm average particle sizes, with specific surface areas (SSAs) of 140–230 m2 g−1. The LF‐FSP approach does not require the containment constraints of the SiCl4 process and given that the RHA silica source is produced in million ton per year quantities worldwide, the reported approach represents a sustainable, green and potentially lower‐cost alternative.
How do you write and present research well? 5 –revise sentences over 30 words long
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A.
Published: December 2015

Fewer words can be more powerful than many words. Identify boosting, metadiscourse, redundancy, hedging, feeble sentences, and convoluted expressions in the following sentence.[1] “It should be noted that while we have already mentioned the interaction of the implants with the tissue and will discuss later in this manuscript the effect of the regenerative therapies on the tissues, the possibility exists that the materials delivered to the interface may interact with the implant itself. We will briefly discuss this possibility now before moving forward with the rest of our discussion.”[2] What is the minimum number of words to express the same information?

less than 10: “Materials at the interface can interact with the implant.”

from 10 to 19

from 20 to 29

30 or more
Monocentric study of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 239 patients with symptomatic biliary stricture
Authors: Fior‐Gozlan Michèle , Giovannini Diane , Rabeyrin Maud , Mc Leer‐Florin Anne , Laverrière Marie‐Hélène , Bichard Philippe
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

The cytologic diagnosis obtained by brushing or biopsy in malignant biliary strictures is considered to be highly specific but poorly sensitive. The diagnostic association of biliary brushing and bile exfoliate cytology has been suggested but is rarely performed in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

METHODS

From 2004 to 2009, 239 consecutive patients who underwent ERCP were included in the study. The biliary strictures were considered clinically benign in 26% of patients, uncertain in 25%, and malignant in 49%. The 298 cytologic samples collected were divided in 3 groups: bile aspiration alone (26%), biliary brushing alone (20%), and bile aspiration combined with brushing (54%). The definitive diagnosis of malignancy was obtained by biopsy, surgery, and fine‐needle aspiration or was determined by an unfavorable disease course.

RESULTS

The cytologic diagnoses were as follows: 149 samples were benign (50%), 114 were malignant (38%), 34 had atypia (12%), and 1 had no diagnostic value. The procedure output values were as follows: for bile aspiration alone, sensitivity was 56.4%, specificity was 93.9%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 91.7%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 64.6%; for brushing alone, sensitivity was 62.5%, both specificity and the PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 73%; and, for bile aspiration and brushing combined, sensitivity was 81%, both specificity and the PPV were 100%, and the NPV was 75%.

CONCLUSIONS

For patients who have symptomatic biliary stricture, bile aspiration during ERCP is a simple and safe procedure. Bile aspiration combined with brushing significantly increases the yield of cytology for malignant biliary tumors (sensitivity, 81%), particularly in cholangiocarcinomas. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:330–9. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Systematic evaluation of peer‐to‐peer systems using PeerfactSim.KOM
Authors: Feldotto Matthias , Graffi Kalman
Published: December 2015

Comparative evaluations of peer‐to‐peer protocols through simulations are a viable approach to judge the performance and costs of the individual protocols in large‐scale networks. In order to support this work, we present the peer‐to‐peer system simulator PeerfactSim.KOM, which we extended over the last years. PeerfactSim.KOM comes with an extensive layer model to support various facets and protocols of peer‐to‐peer networking. In this article, we describe PeerfactSim.KOM and show how it can be used for detailed measurements of large‐scale peer‐to‐peer networks. We enhanced PeerfactSim.KOM with a fine‐grained analyzer concept, with exhaustive automated measurements and gnuplot generators as well as a coordination control to evaluate sets of experiment setups in parallel. Thus, by configuring all experiments and protocols only once and starting the simulator, all desired measurements are performed, analyzed, evaluated, and combined, resulting in a holistic environment for the comparative evaluation of peer‐to‐peer systems. An immediate comparison of different configurations and overlays under different aspects is possible directly after the execution without any manual post‐processing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic web worker pool management for highly parallel javascript web applications
Authors: Verdú Javier , Costa Juan José , Pajuelo Alex
Published: December 2015

JavaScript web applications are improving performance mainly thanks to the inclusion of new standards by HTML5. Among others, web workers API allows multithreaded JavaScript web apps to exploit parallel processors. However, developers have difficulties to determine the minimum number of web workers that provide the highest performance. But even if developers found out this optimal number, it is a static value configured at the beginning of the execution. Because users tend to execute other applications in background, the estimated number of web workers could be non‐optimal, because it may overload or underutilize the system. In this paper, we propose a solution for highly parallel web apps to dynamically adapt the number of running web workers to the actual available resources, avoiding the hassle to estimate a static optimal number of threads. The solution consists in the inclusion of a web worker pool and a simple management algorithm in the web app. Even though there are co‐running applications, the results show our approach dynamically enables a number of web workers close to the optimal. Our proposal, which is independent of the web browser, overcomes the lack of knowledge of the underlying processor architecture as well as dynamic resources availability changes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AAH: accurate activity recognition of human beings using WiFi signals
Authors: Gu Yu , Quan Lianghu , Ren Fuji
Published: December 2015

The flourishing social networks nowadays have greatly enriched our ways of communications and thus brought people in the world much closer than ever. However, critical contexts of the traditional face‐to‐face communications, for example, body gestures, could be missing during the online communication, hampering the user experiences. To fill in the blank, this paper presents a passive and devices‐free activity recognition system, by harvesting fingerprints of different activities from ubiquitous WiFi signals. It can be integrated into any existing WLAN networks without additional hardware supports. Also, it does not need the subjects to be cooperative during the recognition process. A prototype system is built and evaluated via extensive real‐world experiments. By comparing with three state‐of‐the art solutions, that is, K‐nearest neighbor, naive Bayes, and bagging, we show the superiority of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and complexity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.