bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saratov citizens’ attitude towards prostitution as a form of deviant behavior at the turn of XIX–XX centuries
Authors:   Saratov State University, Akhmetov Askar А.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the attitude of various segments of the population of Saratov to prostitution at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries. Despite the heterogeneity of the Russian society, the stereotype of prostitution as a shameful occupation and social evil, which had been established for centuries, was maintained in the public consciousness. Within the framework of the methodological concept of social history and the history of everyday life, the attitude of various categories of citizens and local authorities to this social deviation is considered. The article is based on archival materials that are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Book repertoire of printing houses of the Saratov province in 1918–1921
Authors:   Samara State Institute of Culture, Kasovich Andrey S.
Published: June 2021

The processes of nationalization, concentration and centralization of printing production in the Saratov province, which took place against the background of the events of the civil war, led to a reduction in the number of printing establishments. In 1918–1921, the province changed the publishing paradigm, and a group of the most productive and technically equipped printing houses was formed under the auspices of the Saratov Council. The article traces the dynamics of transformation of the book repertoire of printing houses in the region in the context of changing socio-economic and political reality.
The sources of formation and specific features of public rhetoric of Metropolitan Platon of Moscow (Levshin)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Lysikova Natalia P.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the best examples of ancient and ecclesiastical eloquence, which are the main sources of the formation of public rhetoric of Metropolitan Platon of Moscow. Representing science closely related to philosophical knowledge, public rhetoric is formed as an effective means of education, enlightenment, and influence on public opinion, so its priority task is inextricably linked with the search for and justification of truth which do not contradict moral principles. The special qualities of Church eloquence of FR. Platon, including persuasiveness, reasonableness, ethics, benevolence, are improved throughout his theological and teaching activities and allow him to become an outstanding rhetorician of the past and present. The analysis of the Metropolitan’s theoretical and practical heritage reveals the scale and international recognition of his personality and creativity. It is shown that modern Church and secular rhetoric require the involvement of both traditional and innovative forms and methods of communication with the audience. The use of the developed classical public rhetoric of Metropolitan Platon of Moscow enriches the methodology and method of speeches of both preachers and lay speakers. Thanks to psychological, ethical, and image factors, the idea of the speaker’s speech is conveyed to everyone.
Dynamics of indicators of interpersonal relationships of courses of a military university at different stages of military and professional socialization
Authors:   Saratov military Order of Zhukov Red Banner Institute of National Guard Troops, Meshcheryakov Denis A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the actual problem of interpersonal relations among military personnel. The urgency of studying this problem is determined by the high importance of this special social group, which performs the function of protecting society and the state. The purpose of the paper is to study the dynamics of indicators of various characteristics (styles) of interpersonal relations among cadets of a military higher educational institution in the process of military-professional socialization in the context of studying the specifics of interpersonal relations among military personnel. As a hypothesis, it is suggested that the specifics of military service presupposes cadets’ preference for certain styles of interpersonal relations at all stages of military socialization. The study involved 182 male cadets of Saratov Military Order of Zhukov Red Banner Institute of National Guard Troops, aged 18 to 26 years, M = 20.5 years. Sample size: 1st academic year – n = 38; 2nd year – n = 48; 3rd year – n = 28; 4th year – n = 32; 5th year – n = 36. To determine the individual style of interpersonal relations, the methodology “Diagnostics of interpersonal relations” by T. Leary (modified by L. N. Sobchik) was used. In the course of empirical research, it was found that the characteristics of interpersonal relations in the process of military socialization are developing quite actively. There is a constant positive dynamics of the styles of interpersonal relations aimed at cooperation, mutual assistance, and acceptance of responsibility. Based on a comparative analysis, it was revealed that the most preferred styles of interpersonal relations are authoritarian, selfish, friendly and altruistic styles.
Psychological characteristics of employees who implement audit and controlling functions of direct management of the organization
Authors:   The Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Noss Igor N. , Kabanova Tatiana N. ,   The Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology
Published: June 2021

The role of control structures in the economic activity of both the state and private enterprises is increasing. The personnel of control, audit and controlling structures perform specific tasks and are an effective tool for managing the personnel system. Therefore, special personal and professional requirements are imposed on them. Specialists must have certain professional knowledge, specific cognitive characteristics and communication qualities. The study of the psychological characteristics of this economic category, its role at the present stage of the evolutionary development of management seems to be significant and important for the development of Russian enterprises. The study of personnel was organized in accordance with the program for studying the intellectual, behavioral, characterological and motivational aspects of the activities of employees of various age cohorts. The article investigates the behavioral and characterological characteristics of employees in difficult situations, reveals the dependence of the level of development of cognitive characteristics and dynamics of characterological traits on the age of employees. The analysis of the effectiveness of employees with personal accentuations is carried out, the most effective ways of motivating and stimulating the personnel of control and audit departments are revealed. A variant of the study of the personal and professional skills of employees implementing audit and controlling functions is proposed. Further work to create a system for assessing the psychological characteristics of the personnel of audit and controlling structures will contribute to the development and effective functioning of the entire enterprise.
Psychological content of the factor structure of parental tolerance
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Ovcharova Raisa V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the actual problem of parental tolerance as a systemic phenomenon and one of the important components of parenthood. The study is devoted to identifying the features of the psychological content of parental tolerance in the upbringing of preschool and primary school children (childhood age). The novelty of the methodology lies in the application of a system-activity approach, as well as the use of a number of author’s methods. Results: the psychological content of parental tolerance in relation to children raised in childhood characterizes a tolerant parent with the inherent awareness of parenthood, the formation of positive parental feelings and relationships, and effective communicative tolerance and a democratic style of family education. However, there are some intolerant tendencies in its content. The emotional component is leading in the structure of parental tolerance of fathers and mothers of preschool and primary school children. The parental tolerance of fathers and mothers has similarities and differences. It is concluded that the features of parental tolerance are determined by the age of children. The psychological content, composition and ratio of components of the structure of parental tolerance of fathers and mothers are identical. However, the severity of their manifestations varies, due to the gender-role specifics of parenthood and the gender characteristics of parents.
Content of training in cross-cultural interaction of post-graduate law students by means of the English language
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zhelezovskaya Galina I. , Khizhnyak Sergey P. ,   Saratov State Law Academy
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of education content that is significant for modern pedagogical theory. It is written using teaching English to postgraduate students at Saratov State Law Academy as an example. A foreign language for postgraduate students in higher education institutions has always been associated with the postgraduate students’ major in which they carried out scientific research. However, during the last decade, postgraduate studies have become the third level of higher education, and postgraduate students, who complete the course of study, receive a comprehensive qualification “Researcher. Teacher-researcher”. Therefore, the content of foreign language education should be expanded due to the need for postgraduate students to acquire knowledge, habits and professional communication skills not only in the field of legal specialization, but also in the sphere of pedagogical activity. At the same time, the presence of general legal terms and terminological systems belonging to various branches of law and expressing special systems of theoretical concepts suggests the need to include even more sections in the syllabi. All the three areas involve teaching a foreign language in the context of cross-cultural communication for mastering universal competencies specified in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the direction of training 40.06.01 – Law (the level of training highly qualified specialists).
Obraz emigranta rosyjskiego na przykładzie życia i twórczości Aleksandra Galicza
Authors: Skopek Sandra
Published: June 2021

Alexander Galich is a representative of “The Third Wave” of the Russian emigration, who, however, is less well-known in Poland than other emigrants of this period, like Joseph Brodsky, Sergei Dovlatov or Eduard Limonov. Moreover, in Poland there are no publications devoted entirely to the works of this bard, which cannot be said about other bards – Vladimir Vysotsky and Bulat Okudzhava among others. That is why scientific researches in this area are so important. The main purpose of this article is to show the effects of the forced migration which influence on the poet’s mental condition, his life, the beliefs and, as a result, on the subjects of his works. It should be also noted that Galich’s living in Norway, Germany or France has resulted in the enrichment of the culture of these countries and has influenced on the knowledge of their inhabitants about the realities of life in the Soviet Union. Galich’s songs, mentioned in this article, are about the forced emigration, the life on emigration, the patriotism, the willingness to stay in the homeland, the hope for coming back to the homeland, the dreams of the homeland. All of this has prompted to think about poets and writers who have had to leave their country because of political reasons in Soviet times, nevertheless, theirs lives, development of creative and works are proofs of what is the patriotism of emigrants and how it is possible to raise awareness about the homeland being abroad. Moreover, it is important to note that living abroad has resulted in the idealization of the homeland as well as living on memories only. These issues have been very often raised in Russian works, and the basic dilemmas arising from them are undoubtedly still relevant today.
Die fortschreitende Multikulturalität im deutschen Sprachraum und der Einfluss von Globalisierung und Migration auf das Umgangsdeutsche
Authors: Rajchelt Balbina
Published: June 2021

Germany is undoubtedly a country heavily influenced by migration. The now approximately 20 million inhabitants with a migration background make the German language area a melting pot of different cultures and languages. This leads to a rapid development and adaptation of the German language to these new conditions; and nowhere are these changes more visible than in the common language used in everyday situations.
The article deals with the development of colloquial German language over the past few decades, especially in regard to how it has changed due to the steadily growing number of migrants from other language areas. Certain trends in linguistic development are presented using examples of various expressions and phrases that have established themselves in modern German through the influence of other languages and cultures. Migration-related changes in the German grammar are also presented and explained.
Furthermore, the influence of globalization on the common and colloquial German language is presented and analysed using short examples.
Ultimately, based on the examples and trends presented, a forecast for the possible future development of the colloquial and inevitably also of the general German language is created and the question is answered whether these changes are beneficial to its linguistic development or rather harmful and whether it is worthwhile and even possible to try to counteract them.
Trzy migracje. Zarys początków buddyzmu w Tybecie i jego wpływu na kulturę tybetańską ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem koncepcji Strażników Dharmy
Authors: Bierzyński Zbigniew
Published: June 2021

In this article it is assumed that migration (in its literally and metaphorical meaning) had significant impact on the Tibetan spirituality. The main aim of this article is to bring closer figure and function of Dharma Protectors (Sanskrit: dharmapala), whose roots have grown out of the pre-Buddhist times.
The first migration is connected with the origins of Buddhism on the Roof of the World (activity of Guru Padmasambhava, king Songtsen Gampo and his wives Bhrikuti and Wencheng). That has caused the evolution of Himalayan native deities to the Dharma Protectors. This transformation has resulted in the second migration – metaphorical journey of shamanic deities into the Buddhist monasteries. Many legends and myths are telling about it. Their examples are presented and explained shortly.
Finally, the third migration – caused by the Chinese invasion on Tibet – is associated with the mysterious prophesy of Guru Padmasambhava and the question of migration’s influence on the future Tibetan generations.
Kocha, lubi, miłuje... O zmianach znaczeń wyrazów związanych (niegdyś) z miłością
Authors: Broszko Małgorzata
Published: June 2021

The article is about words that have a related meaning and these derivatives which have changed meaning to various degrees. In some cases lexicalization has occurred. The semantic of these words is associated with the feeling of love in contemporary Polish or it was associated with love several centuries ago. These words have as roots: • -lub-: lubić (to like), luby (darling), lubieżny (salacious); • -koch-: kochać (to love), kochanek (a lover), rozkosz (a delight); • -mił-: miłować (to cherish), miłość (a love), miły (nice), miłosierdzie (mercy).
The article is a historical and semantic analysis of these words and is attempting to find the reasons and the effect of semantic changes in those words.
Physiological attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) influenced by different sources of nutrients (NPK) in Madhupur tract region of Bangladesh
Authors:   1Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Hossain M. M. , Yesmin S. , Islam M. Z. , Hossain M. A. , Jahan M. A.
Published: June 2021

An experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University farm from April to June 2017 in Kharif season to evaluate the performance of two mungbean varieties under different NPK fertilizers doses in field conditions. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), comprising six treatments with three replications. In the experiment, varieties used were BARI mung-6 and BARI mung-5 and the combination of the treatment were T0 = (control), T1 (10-40-25 NPK kg ha-1), T2 (10-60-45 NPK kg ha-1), T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1), T4 (30-40-25 NPK kg ha-1) and T5 (30-40-45 NPK kg ha-1), respectively. Mungbean cultivars responded noticeably to the supplementary NPK fertilizers as the crop characters were significantly influenced by different levels of NPK fertilizers. Data were recorded on plant height, leaves plant-1, branches plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, seed, and straw yield at different days after sowing. Of the two varieties, BARI mung-6 gave the highest seed yield (1.72 t ha-1) next to the higher plant growth and straw yield On the contrary, BARI mung-5 cultivar produced the lowest seed yield (1.57t ha-1), plant growth, and straw yield. The results showed that T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) treatment was the best treatment as regards plant growth and yield parameters. The highest seed yield was produced by treated plot T3 (20-50-35 NPK kg ha-1) over the untreated control plot, T1, T2, T4, and T5, respectively. As for the combined effect, V1T3 (BARI mung-6 and T3 = 20kg N + 50kg P + 35kg K ha-1) performed the best results in all growth and development characters. Therefore, the combined application of 20-50-35 kg NPK ha-1 might be considered to be found optimal to get a considerable seed yield of mungbean variety BARI mung-6.
Assessing soil health by measuring fauna
Authors:   Royal Agricultural University, UK, Crotty Felicity
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides examples of the impact of soil fauna on soil health within different ecosystems and how the soil habitat changes in relation to this biodiversity. It focuses specifically on mesofauna in agriculture, grasslands, woodlands and as bioindicators, before concluding with an overview of how the development of mesofauna as bioindicators is important in establishing a healthy soil.
Geophysical methods to assess soil characteristics
Authors:   Rothamsted Research, UK, Shin Ho-Chul , Blanchy Guillaume ,   Lancaster University, UK, Shield Ian ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Fruen Peter ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Barraclough Timothy ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Watts Christopher W. ,   Rothamsted Research, UK, Binley Andrew ,   Lancaster University, UK, Whalley William R. ,   Rothamsted Research, UK
Published: June 2021

This chapter explores the use of geophysical methods to assess soil physical characteristics. The chapter begins by reviewing the geophysical properties of soil, such as clay content and organic matter content. It then moves on to discuss the electromagnetic induction method and its application, then examines electrical resistivity and its application. Acoustic-to-seismic coupling is also reviewed in terms of creating a model and its application. The chapter concludes by providing an overview of the several geophysical methods that can be used to measure various characteristics of agricultural soils.
Advances in techniques to assess soil erodibility
Authors:   Cranfield University, UK, Rickson R. J. , Dowdeswell Downey E. ,   Cranfield University, UK, Alegbeleye G. ,   Cranfield University, UK, Cooper S. E. ,   Cranfield University, UK
Published: June 2021

Soil erodibility is the susceptibility of soil to the erosive forces of rainsplash, runoff and wind. It is a significant factor in determining present and future soil erosion rates. Focusing on soil erosion by water, this chapter shows that erodibility is determined by static and dynamic soil properties that control a range of sub-processes affecting soil erosion, but there is no standardised test procedure, making comparison of erodibility assessment techniques and their results challenging. Most researchers agree that aggregate stability is the best indicator of soil erodibility. Selection of techniques to measure aggregate stability need to consider the type of disruptive forces and breakdown processes to which field aggregates are subjected. New indices must incorporate spatial and temporal variabilities in erodibility; the different erosion processes operating; the impact of climate change; and the role of soil biology. New analytical techniques such as computer aided tomography show promise in considering soil erodibility as a dynamic continuum operating over 3 dimensions.
Developing decision support systems (DSS) for farm soil and crop management
Authors:   The James Hutton Institute, UK, Aitkenhead Matt
Published: June 2021

This chapter provides a review of decision support systems (DSS) in agriculture and addresses several key questions about them. Why are they important, and why are they necessary for the future? What kind of systems currently exist? Different aspects of agricultural DSS design, implementation and operation are covered. These aspects include the fundamentally spatial consideration of DSSs, the need for and use of sensor technology within such systems, modelling and software components, system-operator interfaces, the potential (and current) use of DSSs for directly controlling agricultural management, and a discussion of what is needed to make DSSs more successful and widely-used in agriculture
Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbicara Melalui Metode Bermain Peran Pada Siswa Kelas II SDN Karangrejo 04 Jember
Authors: Yuniati Nadila , Suhartiningsih S , Finali Zetti
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya permasalahan yang terjadi dalam keterampilan berbicara yang terbukti dengan dilakukan tanya jawab pada saat pembelajaran oleh guru hanya beberapa siswa yang dapat menjawab, dikarenakan banyak siswa yang masih malu dan kurang percaya diri dalam mengungkapkan pendapatnya. Menurut data awal tersebut, ada beberapa penyebab rendahnya keterampilan berbicara siswa, seperti kurangnya ketertarikan siswa saat pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia serta kurangnya materi yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah proses penerapan metode bermain peran dan bagaimanakah peningkatan keterampilan berbicara siswa melalui metode bermain peran pada siswa kelas II di SDN Karangrejo 04 Jember?. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah  siswa-siswi kelas II SDN Karangrejo 04 Jember pada semester ganjil tahun 2019/2020 dengan jumlah siswa 34 siswa yang terdiri 20 siswa laki-laki dan 14 siswa perempuan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui metode  wawancara dan metode dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan cara memberikan skor pada setiap indikator keterampilan berbicara yang dinilai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rendahnya keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas II. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa rendahnya keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas II di SDN Karangrejo 04 Jember. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan tersebut adalah ketidak tertarikan siswa siswa dan kurangnya pemberian materi kepada siswa.

 

Kata Kunci: keterampilan berbicara dan bermain peran.
PEMODELAN MATEMATIKA ALIRAN UDARA PADA PARU-PARU AKIBAT PENYAKIT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Setiawan Yogi -
Published: June 2021

The bronchial airways are an important part of the respiratory system, it is not uncommon for the bronchi to experience disturbances, one of the disorders due to coronavirus diseases (Covid-19). Coronavirus diseases (Covid-19) are what cause narrowing of the bronchial tubes so that they will interfere with the speed of air flow. This airflow speed will be modeled with mathematical language. The mathematical model of air flow velocity in this study is formed based on equations of momentum equations which are then solved by the finite element method. Speed ​​analysis Air flow was simulated using MATLAB and FLUENT software. The problems studied are the effect of the narrowing diameter, initial velocity, and viscosity on the air flow velocity. Based on the research results show that the smaller the narrowing diameter and the viscosity of the incoming air, the greater the airflow velocity, while for the greater the initial velocity, the greater the resulting airflow velocity.

Keywords: Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (Covid-19), bronchial, lungs, airways, finite element method.
A Comparative Histological Study of Skin in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Khairani Shafia , Fikri Faisal , Purnomo Agus , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the comparative of histological figures in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus skin. A total of 18 samples were observed and collected the skin preservation. The hematoxylin-eosin staining performed to determine the histological structure. Results showed that there were different structures in the epidermis and dermis layer between C. gariepinus and O. niloticus skin. Club cells showed dominated in the epidermis layer of C. gariepinus. The pigmented cell showed clearly in the basement layer of C. gariepinus compared to O. niloticus. Stratum compactum in O. niloticus also showed adequate compared to C. gariepinus.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION SYSTEM IN CROATIA
Authors: Cetinski Vinka , Cerović Milohnić Ines
Published: June 2021

Today the tourism of Croatia is faced with the greatest challenge ever in its many years of development. There is a crucial need to create new market positions in order to secure the further coordinated development of tourism in the long run. It is imperative for Croatian tourism to make the move towards quality improvement and destination differentiation. Processes in the nature environment supported by the trend of sustainable development are one of the important aspects of globalization. The essence of sustainable development lies in the interaction of human and manufactured resources that should be spurred by the new approach to entrepreneurship. This includes defining the standards and models vital to economic development. To this effect, proposals have been made for the transformation of the educational system, which should serve to propel this development. The organizing of the system of permanent education deserves special attention, as this system is the only means by which it is possible the impact on the transformation of the present structure of management in the tourism of Croatia. Ključne riječi
ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTED REGIONS
Authors: Vujić Vidoje , Črnjar Kristina
Published: June 2021

Throughout the last decade of 20th century, many international organizations (UNESCO; OECD; EU and others) emphasized the importance of ecology-orientated development. UNESCO has declared the year 2002 as the Year of Ecology that will be manifested during April 2002. In accord with this concept, the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management i.e. its Research and Development Center has initiated three projects in the field of sustainable development. These are: • The possibilities o f economical activities in Nature Park Učka and its Contact regions • The visual identity of the National Park Risnjak • The development of Eco-tourism in Gorski kotar All three projects have been initiated through the financial support of the County of Primorje and Gorski kotar, i.e. the County's Institute for Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning. The first project on the Possibilities of economical activities in Nature Park Učka and its Contact Regions has been complete, whereas the other two projects are still in preparation. In this paper, a SWOT analysis has been applied in an attempt to compare the strengths and weaknesses against the opportunities and threats that we find in the protected region. We have shown the structure of the project related to Nature Park Učka.
THE OPPORTUNITIES OF TOURISM IN SOLVING UNEMPLOYMENT
Authors: Blažević Branko , Vuković Tanja
Published: June 2021

Although tourism does not have the same priority throughout the EU countries, it can help to improve the employment rate of critical groups such as women, young people, the long-term unemployed, ethnic minorities, etc. in almost all of the countries. Part-time and temporary jobs, which are frequent forms of employment in tourism, can have special significance in stimulating the employment of women and young people. Encouraging tourism in certain regions can have favourable impact on the employment rate in these areas. In countries where unemployment is not a large problem, tourism represents additional export. Portugal and Austria, two pronounced tourist destinations, together with Ireland, have recognized the employment potential that tourism has to offer, and they are using tourism to decrease their unemployment rates. Unfortunately, the majority of Mediterranean countries, where tourism is often one of the most important economic branches, has not grasped this opportunity, and still suffers high unemployment rates. In Croatia, tourism is a sector that can significantly contribute to accelerating economic development. Croatia possesses a great potential for increasing its tourism activities, which would in turn generate a large number of jobs in tourism, as well as in the adjoining economic branches. The positive experience of the EU countries in this respect can serve as an example to Croatia in successfully overcoming the issue of unemployment through tourism.
CREATIVITY AND DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUES IN THE CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Brajdić Igor , Vulić Helena
Published: June 2021

The skills of creative thinking are crucial to all processes of creation. The application of these skills in modern management plays a pivotal role. Business today is characterized by rapid changes, highly developed competition and a growing degree of access to information. Every final decision made involves the participation of the intuitive side of our consciousness. Special methods for stimulating creative thinking and overcoming obstacles in problem solving have been designed that can help in solving problems in a creative manner. Even though creativity and innovation are individual phenomena, ideas and notions can act as triggers within group methods, and are considered cooperative phenomena. Given their significance in modem management, it is of importance to determine whether and to which extent these methods are present in hospitality management as the backbone of tourist activity. Hence, in addition to examining the general role of these methods in the hotel industry, two empiric studies have been carried out with the purpose of determining the degree of creativity displayed by managers as a part of the hotel offer. The first study deals with the level of application of decision-making techniques by managers in the hotel industry, whereare the second study focuses on the opinion of employees on the degree of creativity displayed by their managers. Studies have shown that there is a very low degree of innovation exhibited by management, and that the application of decision-making techniques in the Croatian hotel industry is poorly developed.
The BFP (Benford-Fibonacci-Perez) Method Validates the Consistency of COVID-19 Epidemiological Data in France and Italy
Authors: Perez Jean-Claude
Published: June 2021

The Benford method can be used to detect manipulation of epidemiological or trial data during the validation of new drugs. We extend here the Benford method after having detected particular properties for the Fibonacci values 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 of the first decimal of 10 runs of official epidemiological data published in France and Italy (positive cases, intensive care, and deaths) for the periods of March 1 to May 30, 2020 and 2021, each with 91 raw data. This new method – called “BFP” for Benford-Fibonacci-Perez - is positive in all 10 cases (i.e. 910 values) with an average of favorable cases close to 80%, which, in our opinion, would validate the reliability of these basic data.
Effect of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy on Cognitive Function in Colorectal Cancer: Evidence from National Representative Longitudinal Database
Authors: Kim Kwanghyun , Kim Chang Woo , Shin Aesun , Kang Hyunseok , Jung Sun Jae
Published: June 2021

Background: We aimed to assess the risk of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-related cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: We randomly selected 40% of colorectal cancer patients from Korean National Health Insurance Database (NHID), 2004-2018 (N=148,848). Patients with one or more ICD-10 diagnostic codes for dementia or mild cognitive impairment was defined as cognitive impairment cases. Patients who were aged 18 or younger, diagnosed with cognitive impairment before colorectal cancer (N=8,225) and did not receive primary resection (N=45,320) were excluded. The effects of each chemotherapy agent on cognitive impairment were estimated. We additionally estimated the effect of radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Time-dependent competing risk Cox regression was conducted to estimate overall and age-specific hazard ratios (HR) separately for colon and rectal cancer. Results: In colon cancer, capecitabine and irinotecan was associated with higher cognitive im-pairment, while 5-fluorouracil was not. In rectal cancer, no chemotherapy agents increased the risk of cognitive impairment, nor did radiotherapy. Hazardous association of irinotecan was estimated larger in elderly patients compared with younger counterparts. Conclusion: Heterogeneous associations between various chemotherapy agents and cognitive impairment were observed. Elderly patients were more vulnerable to possible adverse cognitive effects. Radiotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA USED TO DEFECT TYPE RECOGNITION BASED ON THE RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF GASES DISSOLVED IN OIL
Authors: Kulyk О. S.
Published: June 2021

Dissolved gas analysis is one of the most used and common diagnostic methods for high voltage oil-filled equipment. According to existing methods for interpreting the results of dissolved oil gas analysis, defect types are recognised using different diagnostic criteria. Using different methods to recognize the type of defect may result in different diagnoses. There are a sufficient number of publications on the comparative analysis of methods for the results interpretation of dissolved gas analysis. Most of them do not cover more than 4 methods at a time, and only a small number of publications deal with more methods. Some methods remain unreported, therefore an analysis of diagnostic criteria used in various standards and methods to identify types of defects by the dissolved gas analysis is given. The national standards of Ukraine and the Russian Federation, international methods, as well as a number of author's methods and standards are considered. All considered methods can be divided by the type of diagnosis, by the diagnostic criterion used and by the number of recognizable defects. According to the type of diagnosis, the considered methods can be divided into two groups – analytical and graphical methods. In the considered methods the following diagnostic criteria are used – values of gas concentrations or the gas pair ratios or gas percentage content. Most of the analysed methods allow identification of 6–7 most characteristic types of defects. The highest number of recognizable defects is 13–14, and the lowest only 3–4. Only a few methods make it possible to diagnose defect-free condition and/or damage of solid insulation as well as to recognize combined defects. The results show significant differences in the criteria and norms used by different standards and author's methods to determine the type of defect, which can lead to different diagnoses for the same data.
DETERMINATION OF RESS GENERATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Rubanenko О. , Danylchenko D. , Teptya V.
Published: June 2021

Paper considers the perspectives and potential of using renewable energy sources to decide the global warming problem. The World trend of increasing electricity generation by photovoltaic power stations according to the International Renewable Energy Agency and the trend of increasing the installed capacity of photovoltaic power stations in Ukraine, which supply the generated capacity at a "green" tariff according to the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy utilities of Ukraine. Opportunities and conditions of using artificial neural networks to defined the power generation of photovoltaic power stations on the example of the power plant "Tsekinivska-2" 4–5 turns are investigated. A platform developed by the European Commission – Photovoltaic Geographical Information System – was used to create a database for the creation and training of artificial neural networks. Regularities of change of meteorological satellite data and their influence on electricity generation of photovoltaic power stations are established. For this purpose, the software complex MATLAB was used, namely the module for the creation of artificial neural networks – Neural Networks Toolbox. The height of the sun is conditionally considered constant and its value is repeated from year to year or has a slight deviation, so it can be used as an indicator of the hour and can be considered known in advance, so determined by empirical formulas and changes only under certain astrophysical laws. Regarding the temperature at 2 m and the wind at 10 m, these meteorological data are known, as they are needed not only for forecasting the operation of renewable energy sources but also in agriculture. Therefore, data related to solar radiation are considered to be the most problematic, as this value is the most difficult to determine. Satellite data may have an error, the installation of weather stations, namely quality pyranometers is a costly procedure, but will help provide a training sample of quality data. To forecast with satisfactory accuracy, it is necessary to collect data for 1 year of operation of the weather station. The nntool and Anfis MATLAB modules were used to predict generation. But the obtained results can be used to assess the effectiveness of the photovoltaic power stations, but they are unsatisfactory for the operational balancing of the system.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY OF SUBSTANTIATION OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Trunova I. M. , Dyshlevskyi A. V. , Kulish L. O.
Published: June 2021

It is proposed to improve the methodology of substantiation of the distribution networks reconstruction by using a risk-oriented approach. It is substantiated that modern risk management technologies are based on engineering calculations with the use of competencies in financial knowledge and knowledge of quality management standards. The analysis showed that in the substantiation of the reconstruction of the objects of the distribution networks the priority objects are not determined, the estimated number of failures of the objects is not used in the calculations. The work aims is to improve the methodology of substantiation of the reconstruction of distribution networks with the development of a block diagram of the calculation algorithm to determine the priority of reconstruction objects. Methods of analysis of normative and reporting documents of distribution system operators and mathematical modelling of the duration of restoration work after the failure of distribution network facilities were used to solve the aims and tasks of work. The results of the analysis of the consequences of failures of overhead power lines concerning the duration of repairs are given. It is proved that in the conditions of incomplete financing of investment programs, the definition of priority objects of reconstruction is an influential factor for the efficiency of investments. A block diagram of the calculation algorithm has been developed for use in computer programs to determine the priority of reconstruction of distribution network objects after determining objects with critical consequences of failure. It is proposed to use a quantitative assessment of the technical condition of distribution network facilities, standards for labour intensity, and the number of service personnel in the algorithm for determining the priority of reconstruction of overhead power lines and transformer substations. It is concluded that in the conditions of incomplete financing of investment programs, the proposed methodology and block diagram of the algorithm for determining the priority objects of reconstruction of distribution networks can be useful to ensure the most effective work to improve the quality of electricity supply.
SUBSOLIDUS STRUCTURE OF THE MgO – FeO – Al2O3 SYSTEM
Authors: Borysenko Oksana , Logvinkov Sergey , Shabanova Galina , Korohodska Alla , Ivashura Marina , Ivashura Andrii
Published: June 2021

Three-component systems constitute the physicochemical basis of most refractory materials and the analysis of their subsolidus structure makes it possible to accurately predict the areas of compositions with optimal properties, as well as give recommendations on the technological parameters of production, sintering, and operation of the materials obtained. As a result of the carried out thermodynamic analysis of the MgO – FeO – Al2O3 system, it was found that the partition of the system into elementary triangles undergoes changes in two temperature ranges: I – up to a temperature of 1141 K and II – above a temperature of 1141 K. By calculation methods, the geometrical-topological characteristics of the subsolidus structure of the system are determined MgO – FeO – Al2O3: areas of elementary triangles, degree of their asymmetry, area of regions in which phases exist, probability of phase existence in the system. It has been established that, over the entire temperature range, there is a fairly extended concentration region of spinel phases: hercynite (FeAl2O4) – noble spinel (MgAl2O4). Moreover, periclase (MgO) coexists simultaneously with both spinels only in the low-temperature region. This indicates that when obtaining periclase-spinel refractories with increased heat resistance, an important technological parameter is a cooling rate below 1141 K. To obtain periclase-spinel refractories with branched microcracking of the structure due to differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of periclase, hercynite and noble spinel, the most rational concentration region of the system under study is which is common for two elementary triangles (MgO – FeAl2O4 – MgAl2O4 and MgO – FeO – MgAl2O4) existing in different temperature ranges. At high firing temperatures, the elementary triangle MgO – FeO – MgAl2O4 has a maximum area and a minimum degree of asymmetry, and upon cooling, MgO – FeAl2O4 – MgAl2O4 is formed, which is quite large in area, but has a high degree of asymmetry. Therefore, the composition of the charge for periclase-spinel refractories should be predicted with a high dosage accuracy and with a significant homogenization time of the components during mixing, since the concentration region common for both of the above elementary triangles is significantly reduced. Thus, the division of the MgO – FeO – Al2O3 system into elementary triangles and the analysis of the geometrical-topological characteristics of the phases of the system made it possible to select in the system under study the range of compositions with optimal properties for obtaining spinel-containing materials.
RESEARCH ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF PERIODIC AERATION OF WASTEWATER
Authors: Mits Mykola , Beloshenko Kostyantin , Bozhkov Anatoly
Published: June 2021

The aeration process is a key part of biological wastewater treatment technology. But, paradoxically, during the existence of this technology, it has not changed significantly. The process of aeration of wastewater remains the largest consumer of electricity in the entire complex of treatment facilities. The possibility of adjusting the duration of the aeration cycle depending on the "explosive" change in the amount of contaminants was stated. In this case, the system must respond to this "perturbation" and adjust the duration of the aeration cycle to provide the necessary oxygen regime of biological oxidation of contaminants. The research data on the method of periodic aeration based on a comparison of the concentration of oxygen in the liquid to be cleaned and in the gases leaving after aeration are presented. The basic principle is that the aeration system continues to supply oxygen, which is no longer able to diffuse into the aerated liquid, and comes to the surface, bypassing the process of mass transfer. The experimentally established method of adjusting the duration of aeration periods for implementation in one aeration tank can be applied to a whole group of aeration tanks. Using the method in the optimal mode for each of the specified number of aeration tanks is impossible without the use of a microprocessor. Therefore, a control method was developed that allows the application of a fundamentally new algorithm for periodic aeration. This algorithm allows to increase the growth of activated sludge and to increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment. To assess the possibility of stabilizing the operation of certain aeration tanks, in the implementation of intermittent aeration by the concentration of oxygen in the liquid, a model example was considered, from which follows the differential equation of oxygen balance in the liquid. The study of this equation for stability and behavior in the phase plane makes it possible to choose the conditions under which the periodic aeration algorithm will be the most efficient in terms of purification and energy consumption. Theoretical calculation gave a mathematical justification for the experimental data. Based on numerical calculations, the condition of optimal operation of the aeration system for a group of aeration tanks is derived. Thus, it was found that the optimal concentration of oxygen in the liquid at which to start aeration is 0.06-0.12 mg / dm3. Periodic aeration with a period of 30 minutes makes it possible to maintain a stable gradient of oxygen concentrations in the liquid. The productivity of treatment plants according to the developed algorithm of controlled aeration, in accordance with the concentration of oxygen in the liquid to be cleaned, ensures the rational use of electricity.
Functional Outcomes of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy Treatment
Authors: Jarin Ian J. , Bäcker Henrik C. , Vosseller J. Turner
Published: June 2021

Background:

Achilles tendinopathy is a common clinical problem that can be either insertional or noninsertional, and effective treatment of each type can vary. We sought to investigate the current evidence on different treatment methods for insertional Achilles tendinopathy with a focus on functional outcomes.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of the available literature using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Data from included studies were categorized according to treatment method and reported with respect to functional outcomes and complications.

Results:

A total of 1,457 abstracts were reviewed; 54 studies with 2,177 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the 54 studies, 6 operative techniques and 6 nonoperative treatments were evaluated.

Conclusions:

Eccentric exercises and low-energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) have the greatest evidence for the initial management of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. ESWT has been increasingly studied in recent years, but more high-quality evidence is needed. Operative treatment with tenotomy, debridement, retrocalcaneal bursectomy, and calcaneal exostectomy is effective. Flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer may benefit cases of more severe disease. Minimally invasive procedures have a potential role in the treatment algorithm and require more rigorous study.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.