bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of a register of special technology objects based on integrating segmented images
Authors: Atlasov I V , Bozhko L M , Ja Kravets O , Mutin D I , Popov D V
Published: December 2022

The article considers aerospace technologies in terms of the details of the space survey of distributed objects. With discrete shooting of areas of interest, a set of images is formed, which are processed by segmentation tools. A set of overlapping or overlapping segments forms objects belonging to the register (areas of interest). The theoretical features of creating mathematical support for the process of forming areas of interest in which objects are present, based on a set of image segments obtained as a result of image processing by segmentation tools, are described. In particular, a mathematical model is presented for creating initial zones from multiple segments of sequential images. The process consists of determining the dynamic neighbourhood, determining the interaction weights and the rules for updating them, updating the spatial vectors of the segments of the processed images. The obtained results provide the creation of mathematical support for the process of forming areas of interest in which objects are present, based on a set of image segments obtained as a result of image processing by segmentation tools.
Physics of a diffraction-quality optical system, taking into account the range of received radiation
Authors: Zhukov Alexandr , Kalinin Timur , Prokhorov Mikhail , Tipaev Vladimir , Khrestinin Dmitriy , Kartsan Igor
Published: December 2022

The process of detecting, selecting and measuring the parameters of the movement of the observation object has a pronounced probabilistic nature. This is caused by source emission fluctuations, interference from extended and point natural sources distributed over the field of view at the input of the opto-electronic device and its own noise. As a result, the output information of the optoelectronic device, after processing by the onboard system, is output to the control and navigation system with a certain error that determines the quality of the aircraft’s control and navigation system information. The resolution is estimated depending on the equivalent weight function of the optical system and intermediate links which characterizes spatial distortions introduced into the optical image of an object taking into account the range of radiation received by the matrix photodetector. We obtained an expression that allows us to estimate the potential resolving power of the optoelectronic device taking into account the finite wavelength range of the received radiation and determine the condition under which the receiver can be considered to be spatially continuous. The present paper is devoted to estimation of the resolving power of an optoelectronic device with a matrix photodetector of radiation.
Dynamic characteristics of electric charge in HoxMn1–xS
Authors: Kharkov A M , Sitnikov M N , Nikitinskiy O S , Gelgorn A V , Runov R V
Published: December 2022

In a solid solution of HoxMn1-xS, the magnitude of the electric charge versus the voltage is investigated in a quasi-stationary electric field at frequencies of 0.003 Hz, 0.01 Hz and 0.1 Hz in the temperature range of 80-500 K. The temperature intervals phase synchronism of current and voltage are established. The temperatures of extremes with the maximum electric charge in the sample HoxMn1-xS are found.
A shape mapping for generalized beta exponential distribution of the first kind in the entropy-parametric space
Authors: Polosin V G
Published: December 2022

Modern methods of tracking and controlling complex systems are associated with the analysis of the shape of statistical models of sample arrays. Often the values of the monitored parameters are maintained only on a semi-infinite range of values. In these cases, it is possible to use generalized beta exponential distribution models of the first kind to smooth the statistics, that it is including such models as exponential and generalized Gompertz-Verhulst distributions as special cases. The distributions with a large set of subfamilies rarely are use due to lack of methods of preliminary estimation of the distribution shape parameters. The paper illustrates that the displayed of distributions in the parametric space of skewness and kurtosis does not allow distinguishing the features of the position of the main subfamilies of distributions. Mapping the subfamilies of the Generalized Beta Exponential Distribution of the first kind in the Entropy-Parametric space makes it possible to distinguish between subfamilies and to comparative analysis of many their properties. It is convenient to use the space of the entropy coefficient and skewness when you are comparing the skew properties of distributions. The space of the entropy coefficient and antikurtosis is more suitable for comparing the weights of distribution tails and for analysing monotonicity. In particular, it is shown that the Generalized Beta Exponential Distribution of the first kind contains as monotonic and as non-monotonic leptokurtic distributions. The property of monotonicity is well discernible when compared with the antikurtosis of the exponential distribution.
Estimation of the error in the electron temperature determination of the plasma
Authors: Mikhailov V
Published: December 2022

The error of determining the temperature of the electrons of the plasma formation surrounding the spacecraft on the descent trajectory in the radiometric method of diagnostics is considered. It is noted that the error depends on the type of radiometer and coordination of the onboard radiometer antenna. The error is analyzed and its quantification is given
System for automated selection of equipment of installation of submersible electric centrifugal pumps to the well based on machine learning
Authors: Muravyova E A , Konnov V A , Sharipov M I
Published: December 2022

Currently, the largest oil companies in Russia are facing the problem of depletion of operated oil wells, which leads to an increase in the cost of produced raw materials. This stimulates the need to introduce better tools to increase the efficiency of downhole equipment of electric centrifugal pumps. This paper considers the construction of an automated software complex for selecting the characteristics of an electric centrifugal pump to a well based on artificial neural networks in the Python programming language using Tensorflow machine learning technologies. For analysis and formation of training samples data of production wells of Vankorskoye field are taken. The formed sample includes such variables as: production well flow rate, pump supply, watering, oil density, water density, depth of upper perforation holes, bottom hole depth, tubing lowering depth, dynamic level, formation pressure, wellhead pressure, fluid viscosity, feed coefficient, tubing outer diameter, tubing roughness, pipe wall thickness. These data directly affect the selection of the type and characteristics of electric centrifugal pumps, and have a mutual influence on each other. A calculation algorithm has been created. Data described, processed and prepared. The influence of optimization by selection of optimal characteristics of pump on power saving is considered. With the help of Tensorflow machine learning libraries, a model of the neural network has been created in the software PyCharm, predicting the optimal characteristics of a suitable electric centrifugal pump taking into account the influencing parameters.
Development of neural network controller for control of debutanization process in rectification column of gas-fractionating plant
Authors: Muravyova E A , Sharipov M I , Zubaydullina K R
Published: December 2022

In process systems, stabilizing parameters and bringing the process to technological mode is a rather difficult task. Control and control of parameters in manual mode does not produce effective results, and for this reason the introduction of an improved control system is required to eliminate human factor errors. Currently, the best efficiency is shown by neural networks, which are used for an advanced control and prediction system. The purpose of the study: in this project, a neural network controller is being developed to control the debutanization process of the gas fractionation plant in the Matlab Simulink environment. Cascade neural networks consisting of a certain number of layers and neurons are used to develop the project. During the work, a cascade neural network was selected, in which the parameters of the technological system were trained.
A shape space for generalized beta exponential distributions of the second type
Authors: Polosin V G
Published: December 2022

The generalized beta exponential distribution of the second type contains subfamilies of logistic distributions, that are often used to control time arrays in complex systems. Currently, the choice of a model from possible implementations of a generalized family remains a rather time-consuming task. For this reason, it is often necessary to use complex mixtures of models. Displaying subfamilies of a generalized exponential distribution of the second type in the space of parametric and information features to choose the simplest form of the model from subfamilies and to evaluate the shape parameters is enabled. In the space of standardized moments of the third and fourth order the trajectories position of possible realizations limits the upper limit of distinguish-ability of the shape parameters of distribution models. A significant expansion of the distinguish-ability of trajectories it is possible to achieved by using the entropy coefficient of non-shifted distributions as an additional independent feature of the distribution shape. Mapping subfamilies of distributions in the space of entropy coefficient, antikurtosis and skewness one also to analyse the most important properties of distributions as well is allows. In article it is shows that for all models of the generalized distribution of the second type, the antikurtosis is in the range between the exponential and normal distributions.
Sequential methods and algorithms
Authors: Deshko Igor , Tsvetkov Victor
Published: December 2022

The research aims to investigate the application and applicability of sequential methods and algorithms. The content of the concept of sequentiality is disclosed. Its polysemy and application in programming are shown. The notions of logical algorithm and sequential algorithm are introduced. The difference between sequential and logical algorithms is shown. A comparison with deterministic algorithms is given. The principles of logical algorithms and sequential algorithms are described. Common is a step-by-step calculation. However, the link of sequential algorithms is more complex and represents a multigraph. Similarities and differences between sequential algorithms and computational networks are shown. Sequential algorithms can be considered as integrated technological systems. The research shows that the application of sequential algorithms allows solving a larger number of problems that logical program algorithms do not solve. The research gives criteria for the applicability of logical and sequential algorithms
The time characteristics’ analysis of deterministic information processing models in automated control systems
Authors: Losev V V , Lifar A S , Koltashev A A , Sergeev I U
Published: December 2022

The article presents the formation of the approach for evaluating and analyzing the time characteristics of deterministic information processing models in automated control systems. The approach of operational routes formalization within the technological management cycle and its time characteristic assessment is proposed as an optimization procedure. The Floyd algorithm’s realization to determining the shortest time path of the technological control cycle’s graph is shown.
Modeling and visualization of the intersection of a polyhedral surface by a plane
Authors: Prikhodko Victor , Shumun Natalya
Published: December 2022

The questions of constructing a line of intersection of a polyhedral surface with a plane in general position are considered on the example of a triangular straight prism. Equations are analyzed that make it possible to calculate the coordinates of the obtained points of intersection of surface elements (side edges) with a plane in general position. With the help of a mathematical model, the coordinates of the vertices of the resulting triangle were found, i.e. sections of a right triangular prism by a plane in general position. Then the perimeter of the section of the surface by the plane was determined. As a method for solving the problem, the method of replacing projection planes is used. In this case, the plane of general position is transformed into a front-projecting plane. The problem is simplified, reduced to a simpler problem that can be solved formally. The equations of three lateral faces of a straight prism are composed. The system of equations of two intersecting side faces is analyzed. The system of equations for finding the point of intersection of the side edge and the transformed plane of particular position is solved. The perimeter of the resulting section is determined as the sum of the lengths of the sides of the section triangle. A 3D model of the intersection of a triangular prism and a plane in general position is made. The visualization tools of the AutoCAD computer-aided design system were used.
Error of determination of radio-brightness temperature and temperature of plasma electrons
Authors: Revunov G M , Kryachko A F
Published: December 2022

In our time, plasma physics is a hot topic of research. During the movement of a hypersonic aircraft, the main physical phenomenon, which radically affects the conditions for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in its vicinity is the formation of a plasma shell around the apparatus due to the ionization of neutral particles. When measuring the radio-brightness temperature and the temperature of plasma electrons, it is necessary to take into account the measurement error. In this article, these measurements are carried out, and the dependence of the root-mean-square relative error of temperature measurement on the power division factor is also given.
To the issue of forecasting the main parameters of carbons’ quality based on the vector simulation
Authors: Rusina Larisa
Published: December 2022

During the prospecting the quality parameters, except for ash content, are specified by core samples and laboratory methods (geological sampling). Nevertheless, while prospecting the receipt of the representative sample with all its specified parameters being identical to the parameters of the carbon layer is difficult because of partial core recovery, its choking, etc. So, it is highly necessary to specify and to forecast the parameters of carbons’ quality by “indirect” methods which depend on sample representativeness. According to the experience that we have in specifying ash content by the data of the geophysical bore-hole logging (GBL), it is the geophysical sampling that meets this requirement. However, the deterrent of the use of the GBL data for specifying and forecasting of carbons’ quality parameters is the necessity of taking into consideration of a great number of factors (genetic and epigenetic ones) which can not be analyzed using the current mathematical methods. Only the vector simulation solved this task and helped to use the results of geophysical bore-hole logging for forecasting the parameters of carbons’ quality in full measure. The vector simulation will allow to enhance reliability and informativity while forecasting the main parameters of carbons’ quality in the rock mass according to the GBL data at the stage of geological exploration. While systematizing the geological and geophysical information the developed mathematical model, presented by structural vectors of system’s transient states, will enable to take into account some genetic and epigenetic factors in total. These factors influence the reliability of forecasting about such main parameters of the carbons’ quality as ash state, yield of volatile matters, moisture of analysis sample, thickness of plastic layer in the layers where geological sampling is not conditioning.
Computer simulation of the dynamics of heat release in diesel cylinders
Authors: Buzikov Shamil , Matushkina Julia , Matushkin Oleg
Published: December 2022

The relevance of computer mathematical modeling, and processing of initial experimental data for follow-up assessment and analysis of the dynamics of heat release in diesel cylinders is growing every day. The main goal of our research consists in the development of a computer model defining the dynamics of heat release in diesel cylinders when it is running on fuels with different fractional composition, based on the application of the method of the Central Research Diesel Institute by analyzing the experimental data obtained in the form of an indicator diagram. The object of research is the method of processing the obtained experimental indicator diagrams. For this purpose, indicator diagrams of a 4CHN 11.0/12.5 diesel engine of the D-245.5S2 brand were obtained in the nominal mode. To implement the software module, a Java programming procedure was used, including the Java Development Kit where the writing, launching and compilation of Java code took place, the Java Runtime Environment, the Java runtime system, where the software distribution mechanism consisted of an autonomous Java virtual machine, standard Java libraries and tools for configuring it; and the Integrated Development Environment of an integrated development environment, where tools that helped launch, edit, and compile codes that provided thermal characteristics. As a result, an analysis of the available methods for determining the characteristics of the dynamics of diesel heat release was carried out, for the first time an algorithm was developed for performing calculations by the method of the Central Research Diesel Institute and a software module for calculating the characteristics of the dynamics of heat release in diesel cylinders when using fuels of various fractional composition based on experimentally obtained indicator diagrams. The use of the proposed technique and the corresponding software module for processing indicator diagrams, and subsequent analysis of the characteristics of the dynamics of heat release in diesel cylinders provides the required quality of the research results.
Optimizing the parameters of leather pressing machines
Authors: Turgunov K K , Annaev N U , Umarov A A
Published: December 2022

The work is devoted to the optimization of the parameters of leather pressing machines. Regression models of the residual moisture content of leather and the intensity of the pressing process are developed. which depend on the intensity of the load. the radius and the speed of the rollers. A number of patterns were established that allow increasing the efficiency of leather pressing by rollers. An extremum problem was solved to determine the diameter of the rollers that provide the minimum deflection of their working part. the content of residual moisture required during the pressing process and the minimum power required to conduct the pressing process.
Possibilities of measuring roughness with the probe contact method and promising methods for improving the process
Authors: Epifantsev K V , Mishura T P
Published: December 2022

One of the main operational properties of the product is the surface roughness. The presence of micro-dimensions and their size affect the strength, chemical resistance, abrasion and even the appearance of the product. But any real surface after metalworking acquires depressions and protrusions that are absent on a perfectly smooth surface. Therefore, the determination of surface roughness is one of the key parameters for metal products.

Processes occur on the surfaces of parts that have a negative impact on them: the emergence of cracks, wear due to friction, erosion and corrosion damage, crumpling. Often such defects in materials have no less impact than deformation. The addition of certain microgeometric properties to the surface increases the resistance of the part to external influences and, as a result, increases strength and reliability. Therefore, the surface roughness parameters are of extremely important technical importance. In the course of research, the question of the variability of roughness on the surface of plexiglass from the effects of sandpaper of different grain sizes was investigated. The problem of scratches of plastic elements is very acute, especially when it comes to protecting the exterior of parts made of plexiglass and plastic. That is why a study was conducted showing the dependence of roughness on the sample of abrasive material
Hierarchical model simulation based on EKF for mobile robots
Authors: Almendares E P , Luis Ordoñez-Avila Jose , Magomedov Islam
Published: December 2022

With the technological advance grows the need for optimization in the tasks performed by mobile robots, these must be endowed with autonomy and other decisions, this is because the operating environments become more complex and with obstacles and objectives that change position, adding to this the interferences of the workspace such as disturbances in the environment and other system noises. To address this problem, the use of navigation algorithms, route creation, position estimation, path tracking, object recognition and others are used. In the present study, a spiral methodology was used with which a mathematical model based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) was developed for trajectory tracking and position estimation of a differential robot using its kinematics. For the validation of the mathematical model Matlab was used together with CoppeliaSim where the different test scenarios were carried out, later the results of EKF are compared with those of Kevin Passino’s algorithm, finding superior in most aspects to the EKF except in the time when Kevin Passino’s algorithm achieves a shorter simulation time.
Optimization of recognition of micro-objects based on reducing excessive information structures of images
Authors: Jumanov Isroil I , Safarov Rustam A
Published: December 2022

Scientific and methodological foundations of identification, recognition, classification of micro-objects using redundant information structures - morphometric, histological, fractal characteristics of images have been developed. Mechanisms for extracting statistical, dynamic, specific characteristics and rarefaction of redundant information structures are proposed. Dynamic models have been developed, combined with the capabilities of neural networks. Computational schemes for preliminary processing of images, texture, segmentation, filtering, approximation, regulation of variable values and optimization have been developed. Methods of recognition and classification of micro-objects with tools for obtaining images from a photo, video camera, digital microscope, interactive measurement, counting, structure determination, statistical analysis, isolation and segmentation, and the formation of informative (reference) points of image contours have been investigated. The traditional computational schemes of a multilayer neural network, a Kohonen neural network, and a radial-basic network are investigated. Modified algorithms for training a network with mechanisms for adjusting the values of variables, monitoring errors along the boundaries of permissible values, accounting for stationary, quasi-stationary and non-stationary behavior of image points during the formation of training samples have been developed. Generalized algorithms for the identification of images of pollen grains are proposed. The efficiency of the algorithms was investigated according to the criteria of the root mean square error and the speed of information processing. A software package for visualization, recognition, classification of images of pollen grains has been developed, the implementations of which have been tested taking into account the conditions of a priori insufficiency, uncertainty and nonstationarity of processes.
Notch filter on differential difference operational amplifier
Authors: Yu Denisenko D , Prokopenko N N , Ivanov Yu I , Butyrlagin N V
Published: December 2022

A new notch filter (NF) circuit based on a single differential difference operational amplifier (DDA) has been developed and studied, which is characterized by reduced current consumption in the static mode. Equations are obtained for the transfer functions and parameters of the NF, which includes a low-pass filter and a Sallen-Key high-pass filter, the signals of which are summed by the DDA. Computer modeling of the NF in CAD Micro-Cap was performed.
The simulation of the process of operation of installations of the highest accuracy for reproduction and transmission of units of physical quantities
Authors: Ershov D S , Levina T A , Adylina A P , Grozovsky G I , Parfenyeva I E
Published: December 2022

The paper presents an example of mathematical modeling of the process of reproducing units of physical quantities by installations of the highest accuracy and their transfer to measuring instruments in the form of a non-stationary service system. The use of non-stationary service systems makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the process under overload conditions at the directive interval, as well as to evaluate the most important characteristics of the functioning process, for example, such as the probability of failure to perform reproduction and transmission of units of values by installations of the highest accuracy in a timely manner, etc.
The influence of CO2 concentration on production processes in digital artificial agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Grishin Alexander P , Grishin Andrey A , Grishin Vladimir A , Semenova Natalya A
Published: December 2022

It is noted that digital artificial agricultural ecosystems imply the use of digital control systems of abiotic factors, with appropriate software and algorithms. The algorithm through thermoregulation ensures the highest flow of moisture and nutrients through the plant. The leaf temperature corresponds to the maximum rate of photosynthesis. It is shown that CO2 assimilation and thermoregulation are related, as water vapor and carbon dioxide pass through the same stomatal openings. The aim of the research is to establish, for selected samples of vegetable crops, the level of CO2 concentrations at which the biomass growth of these crops is maximal, as well as the degree of thermoregulation heat reduction for average CO2 concentrations of 1000 ppm and higher. A specially designed stand was used for the studies. The following crops were used for studies of the influence of CO2 concentration on the thermoregulation heat: from vegetables the cucumber cultivar “Courage” and from green spices the cultivar “Coriander”, and for studies of the influence of CO2 concentration on productivity - salad cultivar “Gambrel”. The samples were planted in four cubes of mineral wool, in each of which five plants were placed. Variable concentration was provided by a system of carbon dioxide supply from a cylinder with a reducer, a hose and an electromagnetic valve. It was experimentally proven that the increasing of the CO2 concentration leads to an increase in the weight of green mass, and this increase has an extreme at the concentration of 2944 ppm (for the lettuce culture), with a slight decrease in thermoregulation temperature (for cucumber by 1.4 °C, and for coriander by 0.47 °C). Such a decrease will not lead to a significant deterioration of thermoregulation processes and may not be taken into account in the operation of digital control of them.
On the need to specify mandatory metrological requirements for measuring instruments to be installed on automated (autonomous) vehicles
Authors: Frolov A A , Silvestrov I S , Pudlovsky V B
Published: December 2022

The introduction of automated (autonomous) wheeled vehicles at the current stage of technology development is accompanied by the absence of mandatory requirements for new components of automotive equipment in the key regulatory legal acts of the states (for the Russian Federation - in the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union 018/2011). For the first time used on wheeled vehicles coordinate-temporal and line-angle measuring instruments, the ranges and measurement errors of both the measured quantities and all external influencing factors in which the measurement results should be obtained have not been established. At the same time, these measurement results will have a direct impact on traffic safety, protection of human life and health, property and environment. The article demonstrates a theoretical example of the use of automated (autonomous) transport, shows the need for testing measuring instruments planned for installation on transportation vehicles in the dynamic ranges of all influencing factors.
Acceleration of spiral scanning of soil by means of continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Vasiliev S A , Alekseev V V , Semenov V I
Published: December 2022

The scientific article shows the application of the method of continuous wavelet data transform to estimate soil breaking up when tilling. Due to the high speed of experimental data processing, it became possible to reduce the total time of soil section scanning for determining its agrotechnical parameters. The reduction of time is achieved by both choosing the type of spiral along which scanning is performed and choosing the angular velocity. On the whole, scanning is performed twice as fast per one revolution depending on the studied area of the field. In some cases the number of revolutions can be reduced by 3-5 times.
An algorithm for optimizing short-term modes of electric power systems, taking into account the conditions of the nature of the probability of the information flow of data
Authors: Siddikov I , Porubay O , Mirjalilov O
Published: December 2022

The work contains the results of the analysis of studies that were carried out to improve the operating modes of power facilities, taking into account uncertain data and the possibility of changing the load. A mathematical model of energy objects is formulated taking into account various types of restrictions. A comparative analysis of methods for solving problems was carried out and a method based on a penalty matrix was chosen. The results of the experiment showed the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimizing the modes of power facilities during changes in loads in different periods.
Prediction of reduced glass transition temperature of metallic alloys based on a neural network
Authors: Viatkin Dmitrii , Zakharov Maxim , Zhuro Dmitrii
Published: December 2022

The reduced glass transition temperature Trg is an important glass forming ability parameter. Trg describes the glass formation in materials and the behaviour of materials at the transition between solid and liquid states and is an important parameter for materials analysis, development, and production process. This article describes the process and results of research on the development of a system for prediction of the reduced glass transition temperature Trg of metallic alloys based on recurrent neural network algorithms. The developed system can predict the reduced glass transition temperature Trg of metallic alloys based on the analysis of its chemical formula with high accuracy. The accuracy was evaluated using the 3 metrics: MSE, RMSE, MAE. Obtained values are: MSE value is 0.000678, RMSE value is 0.0260, MAE value is 0.01835.
Discrete-time stabilization of wave phenomena engineering of network-like continuum transfer processes
Authors: Dudina K E , Provotorov V V , Part A A , Novikova E V
Published: December 2022

This work is a natural continuation of the authors’ research of flow phenomena in the direction of increasing the dimension of the network-like region of change in the spatial variable. The possibility of practical use of the stability analysis of the differential-difference scheme to solve the problem of stabilization of wave phenomena in the engineering of the process of transfer of continuous media through network-like carriers (pipelines, gas and oil pipelines, industrial carriers of gas and petroleum products) is shown. Namely, if the scheme is stable, then sufficiently small changes in the initial data of the mathematical model of the process under study entail small changes in the solution of the difference problem, i.e. in practice do not lead to undesirable consequences; if the scheme is unstable, then small changes in the initial data can lead to arbitrarily large changes in the solution. During the operation of the above-mentioned industrial structures, wave phenomena inevitably arise, the consequence of which are various kinds of instabilities, entailing destruction of one or another nature. The results obtained are used in the digitalization of modern technological processes for the movement of liquid media and gases.
Digital control by manipulator of railway track machine
Authors: Larkin Eugene , Privalov Aleksandr
Published: December 2022

Digital control of manipulator of railway track machine (RTM). It is shown, that exactness and performance of operation execution are the main characteristics, which determine quality of work RTM. Manipulator design with pyramidal structure, in which mechanism is actuated with linear drives, placed in parallel, is described. Mathematical model of exactness evaluation, when there is dry friction at actuators, is worked out. It is shown, that mechanics parallelism leads to cross-links between grasp coordinates control channels. Flowchart of manipulator under investigation, as the object under control, is given. The analytical descriptions of object under control and control algorithm, underlying Von Neumann type controller, are fulfilled with description of delays, linked with features of controller operation, namely operator-by-operator interpretation of algorithm, unfolding in physical time. For estimation of time delays at interface between controller and manipulator semi-Markov model of Von Neumann computer operation is worked out. The method of estimation lags in contours, based on transformation the ergodic semi-Markov model into non-ergodic one, and computation expectations and dispersions of time interval from-point-to-point wandering through semi-Markov process, is proposed.
Braking force influence on mountain bike suspension
Authors: Mudrov A P , Siraev R I , Khabibullin F F , Islamov R T , Faizov M R , Mustafaev T A
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of braking force influence on mountain bike suspension by creating (arranging) dynamic experiment simulation. To obtain required information, value of braking force was measured. This was followed by creating dynamic model with SOLIDWORKS CAD and SOLIDWORKS Motion addition. Bike suspension was tested under different braking modes, measuring sprang and unsprang mass hesitation parameters and ground reaction force, which are sought for suspension specification. The obtained results and data in the form of graphs may become an incentive for developing, analysing and maintaining the transport in the field of mountain bike engineering.
Mountain bike suspension mechanism dynamic simulation
Authors: Khabibullin F F , Siraev R I , Nadreeva L L , Abramov V A , Kh Gainutdinov R
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the topic of analysing main exploitation properties of mountain bike suspension from the point of creating 3D dynamic exploitation simulation. For the purposes of the research, a special dynamic simulation was created using SOLIDWORKS software and SOLIDWORKS Motion tool. Two types of bike suspension were tested on the dynamic analysis stand measuring sprang and unsprang mass hesitation parameters, which are demanded in suspension specification. The obtained specific simulation results in the form of graphs and data tables may become an incentive for continuous developments and analyses in the area of constructing.
Simulation of Deployable Cable Nets for Active Debris Removal in Space
Authors: Fisicaro Paolo , Pasini Angelo , Valvo Paolo S.
Published: December 2022

Deployable cable nets have been proposed as promising systems for the active removal of space debris. The modelling and analysis of such systems during deployment, capture, and post-capture phases are crucial for the effective design of an operative mission. To this aim, accurate and effective simulation tools are necessary. We propose a finite element model of the cable net with lumped nodal masses and first-order cable elements. The nodal positions are assumed as the main unknowns of the problem. The large displacements and finite deformations are described by the Green-Lagrange strain tensor. The cable elements are assumed to react only in tension. Global damping is considered in line with Rayleigh’s hypothesis. The governing equations are solved numerically by means of the Runge-Kutta method with a variable time step. As an illustrative example, we present the simulation of the in-plane deployment of a planar, square-mesh net. The proposed approach turns out to be computationally effective, even if the accuracy of the numerical integration scheme needs to be improved, particularly in the final stages of deployment.
Construction aspects of intraocular artificial lenses
Authors: Marchewka M , Zubrzycki J
Published: December 2022

A cataract is a disease of the 21st century. In highly developed countries, the opacification of the intraocular lens is removed and replaced with an implant. This article discusses the essential aspects related to the construction of implants that imitate the natural lens of the eyeball. The research was carried out owing to X-ray microtomography. Observer design differences in the two lenses' structures contribute to the implant's quality in question. The study aimed to check and compare two types of implants in terms of the design and manufacturing quality of the given lenses. The common element of the implants in question was their material and manufacturer. Lenses of the same material were used to maintain the same optics. The results gave a comparison in terms of the quality of the product in terms of the creation and modelling of the lenses than the properties of the material itself from which they were made.
Luminescence and scintillation properties of the Si doped InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Buryi M , Hubáček T , Hájek F , Jarý V , Babin V , Kuldová K , Vaněk T
Published: December 2022

The InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQW) samples with the undoped and Si doped GaN barriers were grown by Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). By comparing defects-related emission bands in the undoped GaN and InGaN layers, one may conclude that the band is complex in the InGaN layer, composed of at least two contributions peaking at 2.17 and 2.39 eV, respectively. In and Si affect the intensity of the defects-related band – the larger the In and/or Si concentration the stronger the band. The detailed investigation of the observed phenomena was conducted, and the observed peculiarities were explained.
Climate change to increase crop failure in U.S.
Authors: Kim Seung Min , Mendelsohn Robert
Published: December 2022

The literature has documented that climate change is likely to reduce crop yields of harvested acres in the United States. This study uses panel data methods to document that climate change could also reduce harvested area. We find that ‘crop failures’ are sensitive to spring and fall temperature conditions. Using perturbations of temperature and precipitation conditions, we show that a uniform 1 ∘C increase in temperature across the U.S. with no adaptation is expected to cause about 3.2 million additional failed acres in the United States, which is equal to a 0.9% decline in acreage. These harmful impacts are predicted to be stronger in the southern than northern United States. For illustrative purposes, we also examine a uniform 3 ∘C warming scenario with no adaptation, and project that damage increases to 11 million lost acres, about a 3% decrease in crop acreage. Projected increases in local precipitation have little effect. The effect of crop failure must be added to previously measured reductions in crop yields from harvested acres, implying climate change is likely to be more harmful to American crop production than previously thought.
Aerodynamic Performance Enhancement of a Sports Vehicle Using Numerical Techniques
Authors: Gupta Preetam , G Srinivas
Published: December 2022

Evaluation of vehicle aerodynamics is an integral part of automotive engineering. The aerodynamic performance of automobile has great influence on the power performance, economy, handling stability and ride comfort of the vehicle. In this context, the present work focuses on improving the aerodynamic performance of a modelled sports vehicle using numerical techniques. Baseline analysis of a research paper was conducted for validation of the results obtained in numerical simulations. Multiple turbulence models, flow boundary conditions, and inlet parameters were explored using Ansys Fluent Computational Fluid Dynamics software. The validation of the baseline data was proved using convergence, numerical and theoretical validation. Solution convergence parameters were Absolute Residual criteria and Mass Flow Rate. Grid Independency, Inlet Velocity and Flow Turbulence Model checks were employed to further refine the accuracy of simulations. This research studied and presented the effects of a two-flap spoiler on the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle using pressure, velocity, and eddy viscosity contours using simulations of incompressible air flow over the modelled car body. Improved flow contours exhibited a reduction of Coefficient of Drag and Lift parameters. Using Coefficient of Pressure (Cp) as a baseline parameter, multiple configurations of flow boundary conditions were explored. The literature consists of theoretical, experimental, and numerical aspects of the research papers and journals that were studied for this research. The objectives were to model, mesh and simulate a sports car to better understand the flow vortices and validate the aerodynamic flow parameters with the studied literature.
A convenient demand response layout for energy efficient residential prosumers
Authors: Anand Hithu , Rengaraj R. , Venkatakrishnan G.R.
Published: December 2022

Demand response (DR) is a high priority smart grid technology yet, efficient implementation of the same at the circuit level is often overlooked. Technologies like DR is vital to the improvement, stability and reduction of congestion in the grid. At the distribution side, addition of photovoltaic (PV) systems with appropriate metering has made consumers to prosumers. Prosumers contribute to the grid supply and often meeting increased demand. PV installation has made surplus grid power available. Power from PV is an environment friendly approach, in-order to yield its maximum benefit, it should be appropriately connected with advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Further, AMI enables other technologies like real time pricing (RTP), DR and demand side management (DSM). Pilot projects put forward by Government of India (GOI) has already deployed smart meters, transforming existing conventional meters into AMI. Hence, functional benefits of AMI are to be studied to its full usage potential. DR and RTP are more focused on consumer behaviour and involvement whereas, DSM is under the control of utility. Hence, novel layouts for energy efficient prosumers with net-metering, gross-metering, hybrid loads and renewable PV integration are analysed. Consumer feasibility of DR without compromising, basic needs of power availability and comfort is focused. Inference is made from both metering infrastructures, tariff schemes and its application in Puducherry locality of India.
Nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite beams with flexible shear connectors
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sougata , Nambiappan Umamaheswari
Published: December 2022

Steel-concrete composite beam is a typical construction which is made up of two dissimilar materials such as steel and concrete. It is used mainly for construction of commercial/residential high-rise buildings and bridges. From last few decades steel-concrete composite structure has been utilised in construction industry due to several advantages such as reduced time and cost of major construction and the avoidance of one of the major issues in present era, space scarcity. Shear connector is a basic component through which steel and concrete components are mechanically connected to transfer the load from concrete slab to steel beam in a conventional type of steel-concrete composite beam. Three dimensional numerical models are created using finite element analysis commercial software package ANSYS15 to study the flexural capacity of beam specimens. Earlier, validation has been done with the test results available in the literature and the proposed model is found to be capable of analysing the specimens with acceptable accuracy. Further numerical models are made to understand the behaviour of steel-concrete composite beam which is made up of two different flexible shear connectors such as stud and channel connector under four-point bending. Degree of shear connection, geometry and layout of shear connectors are taken into account as key parameters for this present numerical study. Normal strength of concrete is considered. The associated results such as ultimate load, mid-span deformation, interfacial slip capacity are presented. Diameter along with length of stud connector is found to influence the load carrying capacity of beams. Ultimate load capacity as well as stiffness of beams is found to enhance when channel section is considered with minimal spacing of connector. Thus finding the required degree of shear connection was also proved to be vital for assessing the performance of steel-concrete composite beams.
Bibliographic analysis: the trends of gendered sustainable energy studies
Authors: Ariyani L
Published: December 2022

Energy studies need to consider a gender perspective to encourage sustainable human development, since it is an inseperable part of human life. The awareness of gender issues within sustainable energy studies increases along with its acknowledgment within the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to identify the research trends of gender issue in sustainable energy studies. This paper utilizes bibliometric techniques on 379 publications related to gender and sustainable energy which are indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database as of October 2021. The result shows the growing number of annual publications. This paper also analyzes the keyword co-occurrence to identify the common concept within the area of study. Furthermore, based on 18 most influential articles, this paper discovers four categories of research trend within the field. Finally, according to term co-occurrence analysis, this paper raises several emerging discourses within the field.