bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the 26 June 1917 Samoa Tsunami Disaster
Authors: Sischka Laura , Bosserelle Cyprien , Williams Shaun , Ting Josephina Chan , Paulik Ryan , Whitworth Malcolm , Talia Lameko , Viskovic Paul
Published: March 2022

The 26 June 1917 tsunamigenic earthquake in Samoa is considered the largest historical event on record to have impacted this region in terms of earthquake magnitude and intensity. Yet, very little is known about the scale and distribution of tsunami impacts compared with the recent 2009 event which originated about 150 km east along the subduction zone bend of the Northern Tonga Trench (NTT). In this study we set out to: 1) reconstruct the 1917 tsunami from source to inundation to understand its hazard risk characteristics in the Samoan islands of Savai’i and Upolu; and 2) assess the hazard implications of tsunamis sourced from different locations along the subduction zone bend of the NTT on present-day exposure of coastal assets relative to the 2009 tsunami benchmark. We use the BG-Flood numerical modelling suite to produce model outputs representing inundation extent and hazard depth intensities at spatially flexible grid resolution (10 m, 20 m and 40 m). These are validated using available tide gauge records in Apia harbour and limited observations of runup that were derived from historical records. We then combine the inundation model with available digital distributions of buildings in the RiskScape multi-hazard risk analysis software, to produce exposure metrics for understanding the likely impacts on present-day coastal asset and population distributions if a similar tsunami were to occur. Results of the tsunami modelling indicate variable modelled-to-observed consistency using available source models, wave and runup validation data. Discrepancies in recorded vs modelled wave arrival time at Apia of between 30—40 mins are observed, with modelled runup underestimated in southeast Upolu Island compared with the rest of the country where runup observations are available (e.g., Savai’i Island). These differences likely reflect complexities in the tsunami source mechanism which might not currently be represented in our modelling. Nevertheless, our results suggest that a larger proportion of people would be exposed in Savai’i island (71% of exposure total), compared with Upolu island if a characteristic 1917-type event were to occur. While this study provides the first detailed inundation model of the 1917 tsunami in the Samoan region, the observed discrepancies suggest that further investigation is required to constrain potential tsunami source complexities which might not be accounted for in this study. Notwithstanding these limitations, our findings help to reinforce an appreciation of the risk to the greater Samoan region faced by local tsunamis sourced at different locations along the subduction zone bend of the NTT.
New Workflow Predicts Drug Targets Against SARS-CoV-2 via Metabolic Changes in Infected Cells
Authors: Leonidou Nantia , Renz Alina , Mostolizadeh Reihaneh , Dräger Andreas
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 has been characterized as one of the deadliest respiratory diseases, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caught the pharmaceutical industry and the drug development communities off guard. Identifying potential antiviral targets is of great concern, and one way to detect them is by analyzing metabolic changes in infected cells. In this study, we present a novel workflow to predict robust druggable targets against emerging RNA viruses using metabolic networks and information of the viral structure and its genome sequence. For this purpose, we implemented pymCADRE, a tool to create metabolic models using gene expression data, and used this to reconstruct a metabolic network of the human bronchial epithelial cells. We observed that pymCADRE reduces the computational time when flux variability analysis is employed for internal optimizations. Subsequently, we created a fully automated computational tool, named PREDICATE, which analyses one or more nucleotide sequences, introduces given amino acid mutations, and simulates in silico viral infections. Moreover, it predicts a set of host reactions, which, when constrained, inhibit the virus production while preserving the host’s optimal state. In the context of SARS-CoV-2, we applied this tool to our metabolic network of bronchial epithelial cells and identified enzymatic reactions with inhibitory effects. From the list of the reported targets, the most promising one was the Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase, whose inhibitors have already been reported in the literature. Finally, we computationally tested the robustness of our targets in all currently known variants of concern, verifying the inhibitory effect of our target enzyme against SARS-CoV-2. Focusing on the metabolic fluxes of infected cells, we aim at applying our workflow and methods for rapid hypothesis-driven identification of potentially exploitable antivirals to efficiently prevent future pandemics concerning various viruses and host cell types. Availability: The pymCADRE tool and further scripts are publicly available at https://github.com/draeger-lab/ pymCADRE/.
Meal Timing, Meal Frequency and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Alkhulaifi Fatema , Darkoh Charles
Published: March 2022

Individuals with metabolic syndrome have increased risk for developing health conditions, in-cluding cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Modifiable risk factors, such as exercise and diet, are key components in the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome. Specifically, dietary pat-terns and habits are extremely successful in controlling more than one of the metabolic syn-drome risk factors. Meal timing and frequency have been associated with type 2 diabetes, cardi-ovascular diseases, and other chronic conditions. However, there is limited evidence linking metabolic syndrome to meal timing and meal frequency. This review summarizes and discusses how meal timing and frequency impact metabolic outcomes in adults.
Genetic Diversity of Schistosoma Haematobium in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tembo Rabecca , Nkhoma Panji , Zulu Mildred , Mwaba Florence , Yabe John , Halwiindi Hikabasa , Kamwela Moses , Nalubamba King S. , Sikasunge Chummy S. , Phiri Andrew M.
Published: March 2022

: Urinary schistosomiasis caused by the parasite Schistosoma haematobium is the most common form of schistosomiasis. This parasite has a high potential for genetic exchange within parasite populations giving rise to the genetic diversity that is important for its survival. Genetic differ-ences may lead to some parasite strains being more immunogenic which may have a negative impact on management and control of schistosomiasis. Therefore, understanding these genetic differences in the parasite may lead to better management of the disease. A literature search was done on PubMed, African Journals online and Google scholar using predefined search terms such as urinary schistosomiasis, S. haematobium, genetic diversity in sub-Saharan Africa in com-bination with Boolean operators (AND, OR). The search included studies published from 2000-2020 that emphasised on genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium in sub-Saharan Africa. Sixteen studies from 18 sub-Saharan African countries that met the inclusion criteria were se-lected. Most studies conducted in these countries showed a high genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium studies with microsatellite markers being the most commonly used method for ge-netic diversity determination. Fisher’s exact test showed that the distribution of genetic diversity in sub-Saharan African regions was not statistically significant (p=0.768). The highest number of studies on genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium were conducted in West Africa with Ni-geria and Zimbabwe in Southern Africa conducting the most studies, 4/36 (11%) each. Results obtained show the need for continued monitoring of genetic variations in Schistosoma haemato-bium in sub- Saharan Africa. This will aid in understanding the epidemiology of disease, ad-vancing novel treatment and vaccine strategies.
A Non-Invasive Neonatal Signature Predicts Later Development of Atopic Diseases
Authors: Youssouf Sereme , Moise Michel , Soraya Mezouar , Cheick Guindo Oumar , Lanceï Kaba , Ghiles Grine , Thibault Mura , Jean-Louis Mège , Tu Anh Tran , Pierre Corbeau , Anne Filleron , Joana Vitte
Published: March 2022

Background: Preterm birth is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Non-invasive methods for screening the neonatal immune status are lacking. Archaea, a prokaryotic life domain, comprise methanogenic species that are part of the neonatal human microbiota and contribute to early immune imprinting. However, they have not yet been characterized in preterm neonates. Objective: To characterize the gut immunological and methanogenic Archaeal (MA) signature in preterm neonates, using the presence or absence of atopic conditions at the age of 1 year as a clinical endpoint. Methods: Meconium and stool were collected from preterm neonates and used to develop a standardized stool preparation method for the assessment of mediators and cytokines and characterize the qPCR kinetics of gut MA. Analysis addressed the relationship between immunological biomarkers, Archaea abundance, and atopic disease at age 1. Results: Immunoglobulin E, tryptase, calprotectin, EDN, cytokines, and MA were detectable in the meconium and later samples. Atopic conditions at age 1 year were positively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and MA abundance. The latter was negatively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β and IL-6. Conclusion: We report a non-invasive method for establishing a gut immunological and Archaeal signature in preterm neonates, predictive of atopic diseases at the age of 1 year
Effect of Different Educational Interventions on Knowledge of HPV Vaccination and Cervical Cancer among Young Female Adults: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Takahashi Yuko , Nishida Haruka , Ichinose Takayuki , Miyagawa Yuko , Kido Koichiro , Hiraike Haruko , Ishikawa Hirono , Nagasaka Kazunori
Published: March 2022

The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer are rising among young women in Japan. In November 2021, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reinstated the active recommendation for the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, which was discontinued in June 2013 due to reports of adverse reactions, including chronic pain and motor dysfunction, following vaccination. However, vaccine hesitancy among the younger generation remains, and it is essential to identify the barriers in vaccination uptake. Therefore, we aim to conduct a randomized study using different methods of providing educational contents to improve health literacy regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccination among female students in Japan. Here, we present the results of our preliminary report and discuss current topics related to HPV vaccination in Japan. Data were collected from 27 female students—divided into three groups: no intervention, print-based intervention, and SNS-based intervention—using the Health Literacy Scale and Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale. Our primary results indicate that participants’ knowledge and health literacy improved post intervention. Therefore, medical professionals must provide accurate scientific knowledge regarding routine HPV vaccination and the risk of cervical cancer to young women to improve their health literacy and subsequently increase the HPV vaccination rates.
Update on Glycosphingolipids Abundance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Byrne Frances , Olzomer Ellen , Lolies Nina , Hoehn Kyle Lee , Wegner Marthe-Susanna
Published: March 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer. Low numbers of HCC patients being suitable for liver resection or transplantation and multidrug resistance development during pharmacotherapy leads to high death rates for HCC patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HCC aetiology contributes to development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of HCC. UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG), a key enzyme in glycosphingolipid metabolism, generates glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is the precursor for all glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Since UGCG gene expression is altered in 0.8 % of HCC tumors, GSLs may play a role in cellular processes in liver cancer cells. Here, we discuss current literature about GSLs and their abundance in normal liver cells, Gaucher disease and HCC. Furthermore, we review the involvement of UGCG/GlcCer in multidrug resistance development, globosides as a potential prognostic marker for HCC, gangliosides as a potential liver cancer stem cell marker, and the role of sulfatides in tumor metastasis. Only a limited number of molecular mechanisms executed by GSLs in HCC are known, which we summarize here briefly.
Menstrual Product Insecurity Resulting From COVID-19‒Related Income Loss, United States, 2020
Authors: Sommer Marni , Phillips-Howard Penelope A. , Gruer Caitlin , Schmitt Margaret L. , Nguyen Angela-Maithy , Berry Amanda , Kochhar Shivani , Gorrell Kulkarni Sarah , Nash Denis , Maroko Andrew R.
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To identify key effects of the pandemic and its economic consequences on menstrual product insecurity with implications for public health practice and policy.

Methods. Study participants (n = 1496) were a subset of individuals enrolled in a national (US) prospective cohort study. Three survey waves were included (March‒October 2020). Menstrual product insecurity outcomes were explored with bivariate associations and logistic regression models to examine the associations between outcomes and income loss.

Results. Income loss was associated with most aspects of menstrual product insecurity (adjusted odds ratios from 1.34 to 3.64). The odds of not being able to afford products for those who experienced income loss was 3.64 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14, 6.19) that of those who had no income loss and 3.95 times (95% CI = 1.78, 8.79) the odds for lower-income participants compared with higher-income participants.

Conclusions. Pandemic-related income loss was a strong predictor of menstrual product insecurity, particularly for populations with lower income and educational attainment.

Public Health Implications. Provision of free or subsidized menstrual products is needed by vulnerable populations and those most impacted by pandemic-related income loss.(Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):675–684. ( https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306674 )
Rapid Population-Based Surveillance of Prenatal and Postpartum Experiences During Public Health Emergencies, Puerto Rico, 2016‒2018
Authors: Salvesen von Essen Beatriz , D’Angelo Denise V. , Shulman Holly B. , Virella Wanda Hernández , Kortsmit Katherine , Herrera Beatriz Ríos , Díaz Patricia García , Taraporewalla Aspy , Harrison Leslie , Warner Lee , Vargas Bernal Manuel
Published: March 2022

The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System–Zika Postpartum Emergency Response study, implemented in Puerto Rico during the Zika virus outbreak (2016–2017) and after Hurricanes Irma and María (2017–2018), collected pregnancy-related data using postpartum hospital-based surveys and telephone follow-up surveys. Response rates of 75% or more were observed across five study surveys. The study informed programs, increased the Puerto Rico Department of Health’s capacity to conduct maternal‒infant health surveillance, and demonstrated the effectiveness of this methodology for collecting data during public health emergencies. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):574–578. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306687 )
Novel Technique for Percutaneous Reduction of Displaced LCII Pelvic Ring Injury
Authors: Chen Michael J. , Kleweno Conor P. , Firoozabadi Reza
Published: March 2022

Update

This article was updated on April 22, 2022, because of a previous error. One of the author's names was incorrect. The correct spelling is Conor P. Kleweno.

An erratum (JBJS Case Connect. 2022;12[2]:e22.00022ER) has been published for this article.

Case:

We present a case report of an elderly patient with a displaced lateral compression type II pelvic ring injury and describe a novel technique for maintaining a percutaneously obtained reduction during percutaneous fixation using a supra-acetabular Schantz pin attached to a mechanical limb positioner.

Conclusion:

The mechanical limb positioner used allows the surgeon to hold a multidirectionally obtained reduction of the hemipelvis with ease.
Desarrollo de la competencia visual en educadores. Presentación de un estudio piloto.
Authors: Huilcapi-Collantes Catalina , Hernández Martín Azucena , Hernández-Ramos Juan Pablo
Published: March 2022

En el ambiente altamente tecnológico y visual en el que se desarrolla el proceso educativo, constituye una necesidad fundamental desarrollar la competencia visual de los educadores, pues así se garantiza que adquieran las habilidades para el manejo efectivo de la información visual. Este artículo presenta el resultado de un estudio piloto realizado con educadores de una institución educativa que fueron parte de un proceso formativo donde se plantea desarrollar 6 competencias, las cuales promueven en conjunto el desarrollo la competencia visual. En este diseño cuasi experimental pretest postest de un solo grupo, se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. En la muestra participaron 43 educadores, cuyo desempeño fue evaluado mediante un test de 45 preguntas. Los resultados del pretest y postest de cada competencia se analizaron y se presentan por separado. Después de realizar el análisis descriptivo de las variables, el estudio de normalidad y el contraste para muestras relacionadas, se observa que hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el puntaje de las competencias 1, 2, 5 y 6. Sin embargo, se evidencia un retroceso en el puntaje de la competencia 3 y ninguna diferencia en la media de la competencia 4.
El reto de la ciudadanía digital activa en la educación superior europea: análisis del ciberactivismo entre los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Fernández-Prados Juan Sebastián , Lozano-Díaz Antonia
Published: March 2022

La competencia digital es clave para la formación de los universitarios del siglo XXI. Así lo entendió la Unión Europea que estableció 21 competencias para su desarrollo. Una de ellas, trata el compromiso y la participación digital. La literatura e investigaciones recientes nos ofrecen algunos instrumentos para medir ese ciberactivismo a través de acciones concretas. Se plantea un estudio que lleva a cabo una primera aproximación al ciberactivismo de los estudiantes universitarios a través de una muestra de 605 entrevistados a través de internet. Se constata una vez más, la alta alfabetización digital pero el escaso uso para una ciudadanía digital activa de internet, lo que constituye una nueva brecha digital. También se encuentra una correlación negativa entre el ciberactivismo con aquellos que más utilizan internet para realizar sus trabajos universitarios. En la discusión y conclusión se reflexiona y se proponen líneas para seguir investigando y estrategias para una intervención educativa para promover una ciudadanía digital activa entre los universitarios
Evaluación de recursos digitales para población infantil
Authors: Gabarda Méndez Vicente , Marín Suelves Diana , Romero Rodrigo Mª Mercedes
Published: March 2022

Los materiales educativos han variado de forma considerable en los últimos años, dando lugar a nuevos tipos de materiales en diferentes escenarios formativos, como la escuela o el hogar. Bajo esta perspectiva, el presente trabajo se orienta a evaluar desde un punto de vista tecnológico, de diseño, pedagógico y de contenido una selección de materiales didácticos digitales para la etapa de Educación Infantil alojados en repositorios institucionales, plataformas editoriales y aplicaciones, descargables desde cualquier dispositivo móvil. Concretamente, se analiza un total de ocho materiales mediante un instrumento diseñado ad hoc para el estudio. Los resultados arrojan que existe una gran diversidad de recursos dirigidos a población infantil, con finalidad lúdica o educativa, que pueden emplearse en la escuela y/o en casa y que están ofertados en fuentes institucionales, plataformas o editoriales. El diseño de los recursos está cuidado para responder a las características psicoevolutivas de los niños a través de contenidos variados y con un sustento pedagógico variable según el material. En definitiva, es necesario seguir analizando recursos desde un enfoque holístico y continuar abogando por la formación del profesorado para la identificación, selección, adaptación y creación de recursos para sus aulas.
The Role of Social media in Improving Teaching according to the Perspective of Teachers of the Elementary Schools in East Jerusalem
Authors: Hamdan Wafa Nur
Published: March 2022

In recent years, rapid technological developments have brought about changes in various social, cultural, scientific and other fields. With the emergence of social networks that played their role in reducing distances and making the world a small village, they became used in various areas of life, and affected human behaviour and decisions; the field of education and education is one of the most prominent areas affected by these changes and developments (Oyza & Edwin, 2015) Social media is one of the most used means of communication among people today because of its importance in terms of ease of use and the ability of its users to access information in a short time as it is the smartest means of communication in terms of attracting users (Baruah, 2012; Marín et al. 2016; Ruíz-Palmero et al, 2020).

The development of education enables us to meet the challenges of the future when the use of social media and the Internet becomes a major role in this direction to improve the quality of school performance. The latest developments and research in this field have focused on enhancing creativity among students, developing teachers' performance, and developing educational programs. Whatever an individual's interest in education, they will find the information they want on the Internet (Jankauskaitė, 2019).
E-learning and development of key competencies: a bibliometric study
Authors: Marín Suelves Diana , Gabarda Méndez Vicente , Vidal Esteve M. Isabel
Published: March 2022

The electronic-learning education model (e-learning) articulates technology-mediated learning using different tools and methodologies. Based on this idea, the present study aims at reviewing the impact of e-learning on the development of key competencies from a bibliometric and content point of view. To this end, we analyze the scientific production related to studies where this model is used to develop competencies, and reflect on the benefits of flexible and open environments. More specifically, we have analysed 255 papers available in the Scopus index, restricting the sample to texts published within the last decade. The results show that the scientific production about e-learning has increased in recent years (especially in Spain and the United States), usually in co-authorship and with a limited impact on the number of citations. Most studies are connected to higher education, where this sort of educational actions are much more common. Finally, the content analysis has allowed to identify different linked concepts, as well as the potential of e-learning for the development of competencies such as critical thinking and communicative skills. Conversely, its adequacy for the development of social competencies is often criticized.
Presentación: Educación digital y jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Hernández y Hernández Denise , López González Rocío , Salado Rodríguez Lilián Ivetthe
Published: March 2022

La incursión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en los sistemas educativos han abierto nuevos panoramas, conocimientos y habilidades que son necesarios reforzar tanto en los estudiantes universitarios como en el personal docente. Esta integración de la tecnología en la vida cotidiana también ha modificado muchas de nuestras prácticas, por ejemplo, la forma en que nos comunicamos o socializamos entre colegas, estudiantes o directivos, el acceso y creación de recursos digitales, las formas de evaluación y gestión administrativa, la participación social a través del uso de redes sociales digitales, la literacidad académica, el requerimiento de nuevas y cambiantes competencias digitales, por mencionar algunas de las configuraciones a las cuales nos hemos tenido que adaptar, tanto en nuestros ámbitos académicos como personales.
Profile of Health Care Workers in a context of instability: a cross-sectional study of four rural health zones in Eastern DR Congo (lessons learned)
Authors: Mushagalusa Charles , MAYERI Daniel Garhalangwanamuntu , Kasongo Bertin , Cikomola Aimé , Lwamushi Sammuel Makali , Ngaboyeka Amani , Chishagala Lili , Mwembo Albert , Mukalay Abdon , Balaluka Ghislain Bisimwa
Published: March 2022

Background: The crisis in human resources for health is observed worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This study aims to describe the profile of staff working in rural health districts in a context of crisis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 15, 2017 to May 30, 2019 on 1090 health care workers (HCW) exhaustively chosen from four health districts in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (Idjwi, Katana, Mulungu and Walungu). The choice of health districts was based on the crisis context. The health districts were categorized in stable, in transition and unstable. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. The Chi2 test was used for comparison of proportions and the Kruskal-Wallis test for medians. As measures of association, we calculated the odds ratios (OR) along with their 95% confidence interval. The materiality threshold was set at 5%.Results: In terms of standards, in all the health districts the number of doctors was very insufficient with an average of 0.35 doctors per 10,000 inhabitants, however, the number of nurses is sufficient, there is an average of 3 nurses per 5000 inhabitants, the nursing / medical staff (47%) were less represented than the administrative staff (53%). The age of all HCW median (Min-Max) was 46 (20-84) years and female was 32%. 96% of HCW did not receive a state salary; 64% did not receive government allowance for risk. In the stable district HCW were=< 34 years old [OR = 2.0 (1.5-2, 6); p <0.001], the matriculated HCW [OR = 2.0 (1.5-2.7); p <0.0001], those who benefited from national and / or provincial recruitment [OR = 3.9 (2.9-5.4); p <0.001], those who benefited from continuous training [OR = 2.1 (1.5-2.7); p <0.001] and those who receive the local fee -for service [OR = 5.2 (1.9-14.7); p <0.001]. In the unstable district, men [OR = 1.7 (1.1-2.5); p = 0.009], HCW =< 4 years of seniority [OR = 2.3 (1.6-3.3), p <0.001] and lower level of education [OR = 2.1 (1.5-2.9)]; p <0.001]. The percent of HCW who has monthly income >= $ 151 is 21% in the stable zone, 9.2% in the intermediate zones and 0.9% in the unstable zone. Conclusion: The context of instability compromises the performance of the health system by depriving it of competent personnel, so the management of health care workers require some adaptations.DR Congo authorities should develop incentive mechanisms to motivate young and trained HCW to work in unstable and intermediate health districts by improving their living and working conditions.
Effects of ciprofloxacin on turion germination and seedling development in two submerged aquatic plants
Authors: Fan Pei , Liu Chunhua , Ke Zhen , Zhou Wei , Wu Zhonghua
Published: March 2022

Germination and seedling development are crucial processes for plant growth and survival, and asexual propagules are predominant reproduction organs for aquatic plants. Ciprofloxacin is widely detected in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, while studies on its effects on germination and seedling development mainly focused on terrestrial plants. We evaluated effects of ciprofloxacin (0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) on turion germination and early establishment of two submerged plants species (Potamogeton crispus and Hydrilla verticillata). Results showed that germination rate and rooting rate of both species were not impacted by ciprofloxacin. However, 0.1 mg/L ciprofloxacin significantly accelerated germination of H. verticillata and 5-10 mg/L ciprofloxacin significantly delayed rooting of both species. With rising ciprofloxacin concentrations and prolonging exposure time, seedling tolerance index and root number of both species decreased significantly, and shoot number decreased slightly in P. crispus but kept increasing in H. verticillata, suggesting better tolerance of H. verticillata under ciprofloxacin exposure. Root and shoot biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments contents of both species were all significantly inhibited. To defense against oxidative stress and prevent lipid peroxidation, antioxidants of both species including superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione were activated to varying degrees. By integrating biomarker responses, we found the stress degree of ciprofloxacin on seedlings of both species was enhanced with increasing ciprofloxacin concentrations. Overall, ciprofloxacin impacted turion germination process and harmed early establishment of both species, suggesting potentially adverse effects of ciprofloxacin pollution on survival and expansion of submerged aquatic plant populations.
Robust, persistent adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue of children
Authors: Manthiram Kalpana , Xu Qin , Milanez-Almeida Pedro , Martins Andrew , Radtke Andrea , Hoehn Kenneth , Chen Jinguo , Liu Can , Tang Juanjie , Grubbs Gabrielle , Stein Sydney , Ramelli Sabrina , Kabat Juraj , Behzadpour Hengameh , Karkanitsa Maria , Spathies Jacquelyn , Kalish Heather , Kardava Lela , Kirby Martha , Cheung Foo , Preite Silvia , Duncker Patrick , Romero Nahir , Preciado Diego , Gitman Lyuba , Koroleva Galina , Smith Grace , Shaffer Arthur , McBain Ian , Pittaluga Stefania , Germain Ronald , Apps Richard , Sadtler Kaitlyn , Moir Susan , Chertow Daniel , Kleinstein Steven , Khurana Surender , Tsang John , Mudd Pamela , Schwartzberg Pamela
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers adaptive immune responses from both T and B cells. However, most studies focus on peripheral blood, which may not fully reflect immune responses in lymphoid tissues at the site of infection. To evaluate both local and systemic adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, we collected peripheral blood, tonsils, and adenoids from 110 children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic and found 24 with evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, including detectable neutralizing antibodies against multiple viral variants. We identified SARS-CoV-2-specific germinal center (GC) and memory B cells; single cell BCR sequencing showed that these virus-specific B cells were class-switched and somatically hypermutated, with overlapping clones in the adenoids and tonsils. Oropharyngeal tissues from COVID-19-convalescent children showed persistent expansion of GC and anti-viral lymphocyte populations associated with an IFN-γ-type response, with particularly prominent changes in the adenoids, as well as evidence of persistent viral RNA in both tonsil and adenoid tissues of many participants. Our results show robust, tissue-specific adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract of children weeks to months after acute infection, providing evidence of persistent localized immunity to this respiratory virus.
Environmental and human facets of the waterweed proliferation in a Vast Tropical Ramsar Wetland-Vembanad Lake System
Authors: Retnamma Jyothibabu , Sudhakaran Sarath , Kalathil Balachandran Kizhakkeppaattu , Sobha Santhikrishnan , Chinnadurai Karnan , Nagarathinan Arunpandi , Thamban Alok Kanancheri , Venkata Ramanamurty Mallavaarpu
Published: March 2022

The Vembanad Lake and its associated low-lying areas and network of canals (hereafter VBL) form the major part of India’s second-largest Ramsar wetland (1512 km2). Located in Kerala State on India's southwest coast, the extensive VBL has a large fishery, inland waterways, and popular tourist attractions that support the livelihoods of thousands of people. Over the last several decades, the proliferation of water weeds in the VBL has alarmingly increased, causing many adverse ecological and socioeconomic effects. Eichhornia crassipes, Monochoria vaginalis, Salvinia molesta, Limnocharis flava, Pistia stratiotes, and Hydrilla verticillata are the most troublesome water weeds in the VBL, with the first three being the most widespread. They were mostly imported to India long ago before becoming a part of the VBL. These weeds harmed water quality, waterways, agriculture, fisheries, disease vector management, as well as the vertical and horizontal shrinkage of the VBL through increased siltation and faster ecological succession. The inherently fragile VBL was harmed by extensive and long-term reclamation, the construction of saltwater barrages, and many landfill roads that crisscross water bodies serving as coastal dams, creating water stagnation. These ecological imbalances were exacerbated by excessive fertiliser use in agricultural areas, as well as the addition of nutrient-rich domestic and municipal sewage, which provided an adequate supply of nutrients and a favourable habitat for the expansion of water weeds. The recurrent floods in the VBL also favour the proliferation of water weeds, with the potential to disrupt their current distribution pattern and spread in the future.
The effectiveness of local steroid injection for the treatment of breast-limited idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial study
Authors: Karami Mohammad Yasin , Zangouri Vahid , Habibagahi Zahra , Tahmasebi Sedigheh , Ranjbar Aliyeh , Seyyedy Mahdiyeh Sadat , Hooshyar Somayyeh , Johari Masoumeh Ghoddusi , Golchini Alireza , Halimi Elham , Akrami Majid , Talei Abdolrasoul
Published: March 2022

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare non-specific inflammatory breast disease and is usually considered a kind of autoimmune disease. There are several controversies regarding its standard treatment. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of local corticosteroid injection for the treatment of breast-limited idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.Methods: This randomized prospective clinical trial study evaluated the clinical response rate of local steroid injection to treat breast-limited IGM in women. The subjects received local steroid injection of long-action (LA) Betamethasone combined with standard systemic treatments (prednisolone, Methotrexate) (Combine therapy group), standard systemic treatments alone (Systemic group), or local steroid injection alone (LA Betamethasone, Injection group). Clinical benefits and recurrence rates were compared in the three groups.Results: All of the patients were women, and their mean age was 34 years. The excellent clinical or radiological response was observed in 20/31 (64.5%), 24/38 (63.1%), and 17/30 (56.6 %) patients in the injection, combined, and systemic therapy groups, respectively. During the follow-up of 10 months in patients who received local steroid injection alone, recurrence was observed in six patients (16.4%, 6/31), and no side effects or injection steroid-related complications occurred. The local recurrence rate in systemic and combined therapy groups were 3.3 % (1/30) and 13.2 % (5/38) patients, respectively.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that local betamethasone LA injection in breast limited IGM is as successful as current standard treatment and shortens the complete healing time compared to treatment with systemic therapy. Short time recurrence rate was not statistically significant among the groups. Local injection could be a beneficial option in the treatment of IGM. Trial registration: The trial registry number was IRCT20200608047694N1. Registration date: 2020-07-21.
Hydrogeochemical factors controlling the fluoride concentration in spring/groundwater in Aso caldera in the volcanic region, Japan
Authors: Amano Hiroki , Ichikawa Tsutomu , Fujimoto Kuniaki , Nakagawa Kei
Published: March 2022

Groundwater and springs are important water resources for domestic and agricultural uses in the Aso caldera in the volcanic region of Kumamoto, Japan. In addition, some springs play the role of tourist attraction. Previous studies have reported high fluoride (F−) levels in these water bodies; however, these studies were conducted more than 20 years ago and did not study the factors controlling the F− concentration in detail. In this study, to understand F− concentration in recent years and the controlling factors, water samples were collected at two artesian wells and 22 springs every 3 months from July 2020 to October 2021. Water samples showed a mean F− concentration ranging from 0.16‒ to 1.18 mg/L. Five of the 24 (20%) sampling sites showed a mean F− concentration above the Japanese drinking water standard of 0.8 mg/L. The water samples with higher F− concentrations were mainly distributed on the central cone sides, and represented Ca-SO4-HCO3 and Ca-SO4 types. In other words, the water samples evaluated as having an effect of hydrothermal water, based on a higher SO42− concentration or lower Cl−:SO42− molar ratio, showed higher F− concentrations. In terms of anthropogenic factors, fertilizer application was not an important factor controlling the F− concentration in spring and groundwater in the study area due to the distribution of upland fields. As a natural factor, although the general mechanisms of weathering and anion exchange of F-bearing minerals can be one of the factors controlling the F− concentration in the study area, it did not contribute to the entire study area due to the limited distribution of the strata containing the related minerals. Magmatic gases, including SO2, HF, and HCl, were considered to form hydrothermal water in the study area, and the effect of hydrothermal water could increase F−, SO42−, and Cl− in water samples. This mechanism was validated by the positive correlations between F− and SO42− and Cl−. Thus, magmatic gas constituted the main contribution to the increase in the F− concentration in the study area.
Demand and Countermeasures for an “Internet + Nursing” Service for Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases in Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhao Xinyang , Luan Zhenggang , Zhang Xiujie , Zhang Yingying , Wang Aiping
Published: March 2022

Background: With the gradual aging of China’s population, the provision of health services for elderly patients is facing severe challenges. Among them, health promotion services for the elderly patients with chronic diseases are particularly important. As a new service mode, a pilot “Internet + nursing” service has been launched. In this study, the “Internet + nursing” service needs of elderly patients with chronic diseases in northeast China are discussed through qualitative interviews and quantitative research, and corresponding implementable policies are put forward according to the advanced experience of other countries and domestic pilot results.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 elderly patients with chronic diseases in northeast China, by focusing on their demand for an “Internet + nursing” service. The interview content was analyzed, and the themes were refined. Then, according to the themes, a questionnaire was constructed about the demand for “Internet + nursing” services by elderly patients with chronic diseases in northeast China, and 348 elderly patients with chronic diseases in northeast China were quantitatively studied.Results: The demand for “Internet + nursing” service by elderly patients with chronic diseases in northeast China fell under three major themes: ① the demand for health services; ② the demand for mental health support, and ③ the demand for improving health literacy. The top three specific demands were traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing (scraping therapy, cupping therapy, moxibustion therapy, etc.), medication guidance, and disease knowledge guidance. The bottom three were ventilator-assisted ventilation, pressure sore care, and hospice nursing.Conclusions: The demand for “Internet + nursing” service by elderly patients with chronic diseases in northeast China is diverse. In the future, “Internet + nursing” services led by regional medical centers can be considered to further improve the availability and acceptability of services and ultimately promote the development of national health services.
Assessment of Corneal Endothelial Cell Parameters Using Specular Microscopy in Previously Infected SARS-CoV-2 Patients
Authors: Elshalkami Mohamed , Abdalla Tarek Mohamed Mahmoud , Abdellatif Mona Kamal , Fawzy Samah Mahmoud
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To examine the long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the corneal endothelium. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study that included subjects who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection for at least 6 months (group 1) and a group of age- and sex-matched controls with no prior symptomatology or documentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (group 2). After full ophthalmological evaluation, specular microscopy was used to examine the endothelial cell parameters, including endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonality, average area, and central corneal thickness.Results: sixty-four and 53 right eyes were included in groups 1 and 2, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected in any of the examined specular parameters between the two groups.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to have no delayed sequel on the corneal endothelium. Future prospective studies with repeated examinations in the same subjects would be useful.
Wildfires and aliens: differenced Normalized Burn Ratios (dNBR) indicate that woody invasive plants increase fire intensities in montane forest-grassland mosaics of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Sriramamur Rasikapriyaa Thanalapadi , Sankaran Mahesh , Bhalla Ravinder Singh
Published: March 2022

Fire is a common disturbance in tropical and temperate savanna and grassland ecosystems. The impact and intensity of fire are strongly influenced by available fuel loads, local plant community composition and structure. Invasion by exotic species in grasslands can alter fuel availability and contiguity and, consequently, influence several aspects of the fire regime such as intensity, frequency and spread. Woody invaders in grasslands, in particular, have the potential to alter fire regimes significantly as they have starkly different structural and physiological characteristics from the native grasses. In this study, we assessed how three woody invaders - Acacia mearnsii (black wattle, or wattle), Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom) and Ulex europaeus (common gorse, or gorse) impacted fire intensities in the montane grasslands of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, in the southern Western Ghats, India. We used the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) as an index of fire intensity. Our results indicate that invaded areas burned at higher intensities than native grasslands. Fire intensities were highest in areas invaded by gorse, followed by black wattle and scotch broom. Fire relationships with long term landscape changes like invasion are currently understudied, and such studies highlight the cascading impacts for ecosystem dynamics like fire with such changes. We also find that such increases in fire intensities as a result of woody plant invasion can potentially have long term consequences for community and ecosystem processes in this landscape.
Adult breast, lung, pancreatic, upper and lower gastrointestinal cancer patients with venous thromboembolism in the nationalFrench hospital discharge database
Authors: Couturaud Francis , Mahé Isabelle , Schmidt Jeannot , Gleize Jean-Cédric , Lafon Thomas , Saighi Amine , Sedjelmaci Fouad , Bertoletti Laurent , Mismetti Patrick
Published: March 2022

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer are strongly associated. In France, evidence on patients with pancreatic, upper GI [gastrointestinal], lower GI, lung, or breast cancer-associated VTE and their hospital management is limited.MethodsThis longitudinal, observational, and retrospective study was based on the comprehensive hospital discharge database (PMSI). Adult patients (≥18 years old) hospitalized with a cancer of interest in 2016 and later (≤2 years) hospitalized with VTE were included in the study.ResultsWe identified 340,946 cancer patients, of which 7.2% (24,433 patients) were hospitalized with VTE. The proportions were 14.6% (3,237 patients) in patients with pancreatic cancer, 11.2% (8,339) with lung cancer, 9.9% (2,232) with upper GI cancer, 6.7% (7,011) with lower GI cancer, and 3.1% (3,614) with breast cancer.Around a third of patients entered the hospital through the emergency room, up to 3% of patients stayed in an intensive care unit. The mean hospital stay duration ranged from 10 (breast cancer) to 15 days (upper GI cancer). Nine (lower GI cancer) to 18% (pancreatic cancer) of patients died during the VTE hospital stay.ConclusionsThe burden of cancer-associated VTE is substantial. These findings offer guidance on future research on VTE prophylaxis in a very high-risk population.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress ozone-mediated airway inflammation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Fei Xia , Zhang Xue , Bao Wuping , Han Lei , Xue Yishu , Hao Huijuan , Zhou Xin , Zhang Min
Published: March 2022

Objective and design:
Ozone exposure is an important risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which is a global public health concern. Until now, there is no effective approach to reverse airflow limitation and accelerated loss of lung function completely. Here, we delineate the safety and efficacy of mouse allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mASCs) in the treatment of COPD mice by intratracheal and intravenous administration.
Methods
In this study, we established ozone-exposed COPD model in mice and were administered intratracheally or intravenously with mASCs which were extracted, cultured, and identified in vitro.
Results
We observed that exposure to ozone resulted in a marked lung neutrophilia with high levels of inflammatory cell counts, enhanced expression of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, reduced expression of IL-10, lung function and airspace enlargement. mASCs intratracheal administration rescured the lung neutrophilia, lung function and emphysema-like phenotype. Similar results were observed in mice with mASCs intratracheal administration. But the altered levels of serum cytokines in mice with mASCs intratracheal administration appears more robust than those in mice with mASCs intravenous administration.
Conclusions
Collectively, these data indicate that intratracheal administration of mASCs appears more effective in treating ozone-induced COPD compared to intravenous administration of mASCs, although the two approaches can be comparable in safety. mASCs are expected to become a new potential intervention strategy for COPD.