bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative In Situ Selected Area Electron Diffraction of Vacuum Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Schofield M.A. , Mattson E.C. , Rhim S.H. , Weinert M. , Hirschmugl C.J. , Gajdardziska-Josifovska M. , Lu G. , Pu H. , Cui S. , Chen J.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Investigation of the Incorporation of Nanostructured Carbon in a Metal-Matrix
Authors: Salamanca-Riba L.G. , Mansour A. , Forrest D.R. , Hall A.R. , LeMieux M. , Shugart J.V.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Helium-Ion Microscopy Of Carbon Nanomembranes
Authors: Beyer A. , Gölzhäuser A.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Cryo-TEM Study on Hierarchical Self-assembly of Amelogenin and Regulation of Biomineralization at the Nanoscale
Authors: Fang P. , Beniash E. , Conway J. , Margolis H. , Simmer J.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Imaging Nanomaterial-Cell Interfaces at High Resolution
Authors: Porter A.E. , Gass M.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Soft X-ray Imaging of Polymers and Polymer Composites
Authors: Ade H.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Sub-cellular Dynamic Mechanical Response Measurements of Live Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells with Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Avasthy S. , Ishikawa Y. , Shekhawat G. , Dravid V.P. , Mustata G. , Brown M.E. , Garcia J.G. , Dudek S.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Low kV Analysis of the Atomic Structure and Bonding at Complex Oxide - Semiconductor Hetero-interfaces
Authors: Qiao Q. , Ogut S. , Klie R.F.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Phase Behaviors of AlN Layers Grown on Si(111) Substrate by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition: A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Kim Y. , Ahn S.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Evaluation of Monodisperse Amorphous SiO2/TiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Eastman M. , Fowler S. , Lommen P. , Jiao J.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Visualizing Native Cell Nano-architecture During Early Carcinogenesis Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Damania D. , Rogers J. , Subramanian H. , Dravid V. , Bleher R. , Wu J. , Backman V. , Roy H.K.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Electron tomography of DNA-linked nanoparticle superlattices
Authors: wu J. , Liu G. , Auyeung E. , Cutler J. , Macfarlane R. , Jones M. , Zhang K. , Osberg K. , Mirkin C. , Dravid V.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Iteratively Reweighted Least Square Fitting for Low Loss EELS Imaging of Radiation Sensitive Materials
Authors: Yakovlev S. , Downing K.H. , Balsara N.P.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Interface-induced Crystallization in Cu /Cu23Zr77 (metallic glass) Nanolaminates
Authors: Li Y. , Dickerson R.M. , Misra A.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Effect of substratum temperature on morphology thin films stainless steel 304 by sputtering technique
Authors: López C. , Esparza H. , Carreño C.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Synthesis and characterization of halloysite nanotubes and polyethylene-dioxitiofene nanocomposites
Authors: Gabaldon I.A. , Ochoa M. , Espinosa F. , Rosas A. , Flores L.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Measurements of the Oxidation State of Ti in Calcium Aluminate from the Early Solar System and Ancient Stars
Authors: Zega T. , Nittler L.R. , Alexander C. , Stroud R. , Kilcoyne D.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
L-line quantitative analysis of Co in a lithium ion battery using a low accelerating voltage with EPMA
Authors: Mori N. , Ohta T. , Onodeta H. , Charles N. , Peter M.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
X-Ray Microanalysis of Rare Earth-Bearing Minerals for Processing of the Nechalacho Ore
Authors: Demers H. , Waters K.E. , Brodusch N. , Gauvin R.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Mineral Reference Standards and Quantitative Electron-Probe Microanalysis
Authors: Carpenter P.K. , Vicenzi E.P.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Ascertainment of Unknown Specimen Absorption from Measured Bremsstrahlung Distribution
Authors: Eggert F.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
An Unusual Corrosion Condition in Welded Stainless Steel Pipes
Authors: Hineman M.A. , Danko M.J. , Schmidt F.E.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Sample Preservation, Collection, Cleaning and Storage in Failure Analysis
Authors: Dennies D.P.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
AFM-FIB-TEM Combo Analysis of Surface Relief Caused by Various Types of deformation bands in the Ti-Mo-Based Pseudoelastic Alloys
Authors: Zhang L.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
The Combination of Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Focus Ion Beam Microscopy to Determine Three-Dimensional Grain Orientation
Authors: Kane W.M.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Comparative Analysis of TEM and Atom Probe Tomography on GeSbTe Compositions in Phase Change Random Access Memory
Authors: Hwang K. , Bae J. , Park K. , Jeon S. , Ahn J. , Kim S. , Jeong H. , Nam S. , Jeong G. , Jang D. , Park C.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
FIB/TEM Investigation of crystallographic defects in type-II superlattice based infrared detectors
Authors: Bassim N. , Aifer A. , Jackson E. , Nolde J. , Affouda C. , Canedy C. , Vurgaftman I. , Meyer J. , Maximenko S.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy Study on Boron Diffusion in Free Layer of Tunneling Magnetoresistance Thin Films with Ti Capping Layers
Authors: Chen L. , Yang C. , Leng Q. , Wang H.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
NiCoAlFeCrTi High Entropy Alloys Produced In Solid State.
Authors: Gómez Esparza C. , Estrada Guel I. , Antunez Flores W. , Torres Moye E. , Herrera Ramírez J. , Martínez Sánchez R.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Characterization Of Precipitates In Titanium Microalloyed Steels
Authors: Bejar L. , Medina A. , Alfonso I. , Herrera G. , Bernal L.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Separation of Quasicrystalline Nanoparticles from an Amorphous Matrix
Authors: McCauley T. , Bauer M. , Yoho C. , Li C. , Solomon V. , Moro M.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis of High Carbon Steel Exposed to Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Pendleton M.W. , Mazzella C.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Learning From Past Epiphanies, Successes and Disappointments to Anticipate Future Progress in Microscopy
Authors: Howie A.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Beyond Identification: Confocal Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging for Graphene Development
Authors: Beechem T. , Ohta T. , McDonald A. , Howell S. , Robinson J.T.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Energy-Filtered Scanning Confocal Electron Microscopy
Authors: Nellist P.D. , Wang P.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Correlative Interpretation and Artifacts in Immunolabeling
Authors: Yi H.
Published: November 2012

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Liturgy and Liberty: The Controversy over the Book of Common Prayer, 1660–1663
Authors: Haigh Christopher
Published: November 2012

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a formal liturgy as against extemporized worship? After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, it was clear that some form of national ‘Church of England’ would be reconstructed – but would it have a set liturgy, and if so what would it be like? This paper considers over a hundred books published in the following three years, debating whether the Book of Common Prayer should be imposed, reformed or abandoned, with arguments based on biblical precepts, the practice of the early Church and reformed Churches, the duties of ministers and the needs of congregations. The debate shows how the views of both conformists and nonconformists had developed in response to the religious free-for-all of the 1640s and 1650s, though it had little influence on political decisions.
Use of conservation practices by women farmers in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Barbercheck Mary , Brasier Kathryn , Kiernan Nancy Ellen , Sachs Carolyn , Trauger Amy
Published: November 2012

Women are the fastest growing segment of farm operators in the United States, comprising approximately 14% of principal operators and 30% of all operators of the nation's 2.2 million farms. Although several studies have examined the adoption of conservation practices by farmers, no study of which we are aware has focused on the use of conservation practices among women farmers in the US. Therefore, in 2008, we conducted a survey of women farmers in the Northeast US to better understand their use of conservation practices, and how their use is affected by demographic and farm characteristics, and membership in agricultural organizations and networks. We examined the practices related to the type of agricultural organizations, including commodity producer organizations, general farm organizations, women's groups associated with general farm or commodity organizations, farm women's organizations, and sustainable/organic agriculture organizations. Over 85% of the 815 respondents belonged to at least one organization. The most common organizations reported were sustainable/organic agriculture organizations (53.5%) and general farm organizations (50.8%). About one-third of respondents belonged to commodity-based organizations. The states with organized women farmers' networks—Pennsylvania, Maine and Vermont—represented more than half of them. Members of women's and sustainable or organic agriculture organizations tended to be younger, have less farming experience, and to have received more formal agricultural education than did members of commodity-based, general farm and women's agricultural groups within general farm organizations. Our results indicate that organizational membership and participation provide critical networks that support and reinforce the use of conservation practices. Some practices were positively associated with one type of organization while negatively associated with others. For example, compost production/application, crop rotation, manure incorporation, and organic crop and livestock production are more likely among members of sustainable/organic agriculture organizations, but less likely among members of general farm organizations. The converse is true for integrated pest management (IPM) on crop farms. Specific conservation practices had unique sets of variables linked to their use, with farm products being the most frequent predictors. This research serves as a baseline to understand the array of conservation practices used by women farmers in the Northeast US, and some factors associated with their use. The results suggest the need for consideration of the applicability of existing adoption models for women farmers. As women tend to have diversified operations with multiple markets, educational and regulatory programs that attempt to reach women farmers may need to consider the specific types of farms they operate to best match practices to their situations and goals.
Neuropsychologische Diagnostik bei ADHS im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Schmidt Sören , Petermann Franz
Published: November 2012

Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivitätsstörung ist ein mehrdimensionales Störungsbild, welches in der Regel auch mit neuropsychologischen Defiziten einhergeht. Im Schwerpunkt betrifft dies die Bereiche der Aufmerksamkeitsintensität und -selektivität aber auch die exekutiven Funktionen. Diese interagieren mit motivationalen Faktoren, so dass das Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigungen bei Erwachsenen mit ADHS variiert. Da die funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen häufig einen Rückschluss auf die Verhaltensprobleme zulassen, liegt es nahe auch neuropsychologische Parameter im diagnostischen Prozess zu erfassen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle diagnostische Verfahren zur Beurteilung neuropsychologischer Beeinträchtigungen der Aufmerksamkeitsleistung. Die darüber erfassten Informationen werden unter Einbezug eines Fallbeispiels diskutiert. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Untermauerung der Notwendigkeit auch neuropsychologische Befunde in die Beurteilung einer ADHS bei Erwachsenen mit einzubeziehen.
Electromagnetic waves observed on a flight over a Venus electrical storm
Authors: Russell C. T. , Leinweber H. , Zhang T. L. , Daniels J. T. M. , Strangeway R. J. , Wei H.
Published: November 2012

The occurrence of electrical discharges in planetary atmospheres produces high temperatures and pressures enabling chemical reactions that are not possible under local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. On Earth, electrical discharges in clouds produce nitric oxide. Similar abundances of nitric oxide exist in the Venus atmosphere, but the existence of extensive electrical activity in its substantive cloud system is not as firmly established. To determine the strength and occurrence rate of lightning, the Venus Express mission included dual magnetometers sampling at 128 Hz to detect the electromagnetic signals produced by lightning. We report herein evidence of the apparent overflight of electrical storms by the Venus Express spacecraft. These observations reveal two types of signals reaching the spacecraft: one in the ELF band that exhibits dispersion and travels along the magnetic field, and one in the ULF band that appears to travel vertically across the magnetic field from below.
Statistical analysis of ionospheric responses to solar flares in the solar cycle 23
Authors: Le Huijun , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Wan Weixing
Published: December 2012

In this study, we studied the ionospheric responses to solar flares during 1999–2006 by using GOES 0.1–0.8 nm X‐ray, 26–34 nm EUV, and GPS/total electron content (TEC). The solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence was quantitatively investigated by analyzing global TEC enhancements during about 100 X‐class flares. The mean ratio of ΔTEC at SZA = 90° to ΔTEC at SZA = 0° is about 0.39. The statistical results show that a limb flare has less effect on the ionosphere than a central flare does because the main ionization source of the ionosphere, solar EUV radiation, can be absorbed by thick solar gas due to large central meridian distance (CMD), which is called the CMD effect. Furthermore, the CMD effect decreases with decreasing flare X‐ray class. The results show that TEC responses are not highly related to solar X‐ray flux enhancement with correlation coefficient of 0.6, but more closely related to solar EUV flux enhancement with correlation coefficient of 0.91 for 26–34 nm EUV. The combination of X‐ray flux and flare location is also a good indicator for TEC response: The correlation coefficient of ∆X‐ray*cos(CMD) and ∆TEC is as high as 0.95. The seasonal dependence in TEC response is also investigated. There are larger responses in equinoxes than in solstices. The seasonal variation of neutral density is considered to be a main cause of the season dependence of TEC response.
Substorms under northward interplanetary magnetic field: Statistical study
Authors: Peng Z. , Wang C. , Yang Y. F. , Li H. , Hu Y. Q. , Du J.
Published: December 2012

It was recently noted that substorms can occur even under prolonged northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. Based on the substorm list obtained from the IMAGE spacecraft, we perform a statistical study on the features of substorms during northward IMF interval. The strength of the substorm is represented by the AL index decrease and the total intensity of the auroral bulge. Four main features have been found as follows: (1) Most substorms occur soon after a southward IMF, and intense substorms are more likely to occur for short duration of northward IMF period (2 ~ 5 h), whereas no intense substorms occur after prolonged northward IMF condition. (2) There is a positive correlation between the strength of the substorm and the two solar wind parameters (the IMF |By| and the solar wind dynamic pressure Pd). (3) The average strength of the substorms during the storm period is much larger than that of the substorms during the period without storm. Meanwhile, nearly all strong storm time substorms occurred either during the intense storm period, or during the late main phase or the early recovery phase of the storm. (4) About half of substorms, either an increase or a decrease in the solar wind dynamic pressure, are found within 30 min preceding each onset time. Such features indicate that the energy stored in the magnetotail during a previous southward IMF period is the main energy source for substorms under northward IMF condition, especially for intense substorms, and both the IMF |By| and the solar wind dynamic pressure play an important role in the energy accumulation during the northward IMF period.
A global multispecies single‐fluid MHD study of the plasma interaction around Venus
Authors: Ma Y. J. , Nagy A. F. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Wei H. Y. , Toth G.
Published: November 2012

This paper reports a new global multispecies single‐fluid MHD model that was recently developed for Venus. This model is similar to the numerical model that has been successfully applied to Mars. Mass densities of proton and three important ionospheric ion species (O+, O2+, and CO2+) are self‐consistently calculated in the model by including related chemical reactions and ion‐neutral collision processes. The simulation domain covers the region from 100 km altitude above the surface up to 24 RV in the tail. An adaptive spherical grid structure is constructed with radial resolution of about 5 km in the lower ionosphere. Bow shock locations are well reproduced for both solar‐maximum and solar‐minimum conditions using appropriate solar wind parameters for each case. It is shown that the shock locations are farther from the planet during the solar maximum condition, because of both the enhanced solar radiation strength and the relatively small Mach number. The simulation results also agree well with Venus Express observations, as shown by comparisons between model results with magnetic fields observed by the spacecraft.
Streambed nitrogen cycling beyond the hyporheic zone: Flow controls on horizontal patterns and depth distribution of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in the upwelling groundwater of a lowland river
Authors: Krause Stefan , Tecklenburg Christina , Munz Matthias , Naden Emma
Published: December 2012

Biogeochemical turnover in hyporheic zones is known to have the potential to affect the chemical signature of surface water cycling through shallow streambed sediments. This study investigates the impact of streambed physical properties on the fate of nitrate and dissolved oxygen in groundwater upwelling through the streambed of a lowland river. For analyzing depth‐dependent patterns and zonation of nitrogen concentrations, diffuse gel probes in shallow (top 15 cm) streambed sediments have been deployed in a nested setup together with multilevel minipiezometers for streambed sediments of 15–150 cm. Spatial heterogeneity of groundwater upwelling was controlled by patterns of low‐conductivity peat and clay strata that caused locally confined conditions, suggesting increased streambed residence times. Nitrate concentrations in the upwelling groundwater changed by up to 68.06 mg L−1 within the top 15 cm of streambed sediments and by up to 107.47 mg L−1 at depths of 15–150 cm, indicating that significant nitrogen turnover was not restricted to shallow streambed sediments. Intensive reduction of nitrate concentrations was found, in particular, in vicinity of low‐conductivity streambed strata. The coincidence of confined groundwater upwelling and reduced oxygen concentrations at these locations suggests that increased residence times and associated depletion of dissolved oxygen create conditions favorable for nitrate reduction. Our results highlight that increased nitrogen turnover at aquifer‐river interfaces is not necessarily limited to shallow streambed zones, where surface water is mixing with groundwater, but can affect upwelling groundwater in reactive hot spots that extend to greater streambed depths and beyond hyporheic mixing zones.
Peak flow regime changes following forest harvesting in a snow‐dominated basin: Effects of harvest area, elevation, and channel connectivity
Authors: Schnorbus Markus , Alila Younes
Published: December 2012

Key Points

There is a strong relation between forest harvesting area and the flood regime

Effects of forest harvesting on floods is related to connectivity to streams

Effect of harvesting on flood magnitude increases with return period of flood
American Psychological Isolationism
Authors: Uhlmann Eric Luis
Published: December 2012

The United States possesses a distinctive cultural mindset characterized by a lack of regard for and even lack of awareness of the perspectives of other countries, coupled with a passionate desire to spread American values throughout the world. We term this mindset American psychological isolationism. Like American moral values more generally, this psychological outlook has its roots in America's unique religious and cultural history. The American Puritans' religious zeal contributes to America's ideological self-certainty and lack of regard for the values of others. At the same time, America's sense of divine mission in spreading its values, whether other countries like it or not, is traceable to the Puritans' view of themselves as a “shining city on a hill” destined to save all the world.
Distinct roles for β‐arrestin2 and arrestin‐domain‐containing proteins in β2 adrenergic receptor trafficking
Authors: Han Sang‐Oh , Kommaddi Reddy P , Shenoy Sudha K
Published: December 2012

β‐arrestin 1 and 2 (also known as arrestin 2 and 3) are homologous adaptor proteins that regulate seven‐transmembrane receptor trafficking and signalling. Other proteins with predicted ‘arrestin‐like’ structural domains but lacking sequence homology have been indicated to function like β‐arrestin in receptor regulation. We demonstrate that β‐arrestin2 is the primary adaptor that rapidly binds agonist‐activated β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) and promotes clathrin‐dependent internalization, E3 ligase Nedd4 recruitment and ubiquitin‐dependent lysosomal degradation of the receptor. The arrestin‐domain‐containing (ARRDC) proteins 2, 3 and 4 are secondary adaptors recruited to internalized β2AR–Nedd4 complexes on endosomes and do not affect the adaptor roles of β‐arrestin2. Rather, the role of ARRDC proteins is to traffic Nedd4–β2AR complexes to a subpopulation of early endosomes.
Ecology of cryptic invasions: latitudinal segregation among Watersipora (Bryozoa) species
Authors: Mackie Joshua A. , Darling John A. , Geller Jonathan B.
Published: November 2012

Watersipora is an invasive genus of bryozoans, easily dispersed by fouled vessels. We examined Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes from introduced populations on the US Pacific coastline to investigate geographic segregation of species and/or haplotypes. In California, the W. subtorquata group fell into three major sub-groups: W. subtorquata clades A and B and W. “new sp.”. W. subtorquata clades A and B were common in southern California south of Point Conception, a recognized biogeographic boundary, whereas further north, W. subtorquata clade A and W. n. sp. were frequent. The southern California region also had colonies of a morphologically distinct species, W. arcuata, also found in southern Australia and Hawaii; COI variation indicates a common ancestral source(s) in these introductions. The distribution of Watersipora-complex lineages on different coastlines is shown to be temperature correlated. Accordingly, pre-exisitng temperature-based adaptations may play a key role in determining invasion patterns.
Consideration of the Federal Guidelines for Academic Services for Student-Athletes with Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Sirmon-Taylor Bess , Salvatore Anthony P.
Published: November 2012

Purpose: Federal regulations should be implemented to provide appropriate services for student-athletes who have sustained a concussion, which can result in impaired function in the academic setting. Eligibility guidelines for special education services do not specifically address the significant, but sometimes transient, impairments that can manifest after concussion, which occur in up to 10% of student-athletes.

Method: We provide a definition of the word concussion and discuss the eligibility guidelines for traumatic brain injury and other health-impaired under IDEA, as is the use of Section 504.

Results: The cognitive-linguistic and behavioral deficits that can occur after concussion can have a significant impact on academic function. We draw comparisons between the clinical presentation of concussion and the eligibility indicators in IDEA and Section 504.

Conclusion: Speech-language pathologists are well-positioned to serve on concussion management teams in school settings, providing services including collection of baseline data, intervention and reassessment after a concussion has occurred, prevention education, and legislative advocacy. Until the cultural perception of concussion changes, with increased recognition of the potential consequences, student-athletes are at risk and appropriate implementation of the existing guidelines can assist in preservation of brain function, return to the classroom, and safe return to play.
Pediatric Brain Injury: Misconceptions, Challenges, and a Call To Reconceptualize our Role in the Schools
Authors: Duff Melissa C. , Stuck Sarah
Published: November 2012

Brain injury management in the pediatric population is a growing public health concern. Serving children with brain injuries in the schools presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and other professions providing clinical or educational services. We recently conducted a national survey of school-based SLPs aimed at characterizing pediatric brain injury knowledge and management practices with a specific focus on concussion (Stuck & Duff, 2011). Drawing on results from our survey, this article will: 1) address the common misconception that young children are more resistant to or have better outcomes following brain injury than adults; 2) discuss the concept of delayed onset of symptoms following brain injury and the challenges this phenomenon presents in serving children with brain injury in the schools; and 3) discuss the role of the SLP in brain injury management in the schools and how changes to our approach to brain injury management in the schools may ultimately improve the quality of services to students recovering from brain injury.
Behandlungsfehler gemacht? – Das richtige Verhalten „danach“
Authors: Erhard Daniela
Published: November 2012

Falsches Medikament verschrieben, Laborprobe verwechselt oder Erkrankung zu spät erkannt: Fehler passieren – auch Ärzten. So schlimm das Ereignis für die Betroffenen sein mag: Die Frage ist, was man aus Zwischenfällen macht. Ein offener und ehrlicher Umgang mit Fehlern hilft, aus ihnen zu lernen und sie künftig zu vermeiden. Davon profitieren Ärzte und Patienten.
Geriatrische Patienten – Demenzdiagnostik
Authors: Haupt Martin
Published: November 2012

Die Diagnose von Demenzerkrankungen lässt sich bei den meisten Kranken mit einfachen Mitteln stellen. Zu den wichtigsten Symptomen einer Demenz gehören die Gedächtnisstörung, die Einbuße im Denk- und Urteilsvermögen, in der Konzentrationsfähigkeit und der Informationsverarbeitung. Störungen des Sozialverhaltens, des Antriebs oder der Stimmung treten in der Regel hinzu. Die Symptomatik ist so ausgeprägt, dass die übliche Alltagsbewältigung beeinträchtigt wird. Weniger schwere Symptomkonstellationen werden als leichte kognitive Störung vom Demenzsyndrom abgegrenzt. Sie äußern sich meist in Einbußen der Merkfähigkeit (Abrufstörung), intervenieren hingegen nicht mit der Bewältigung der gewohnten Alltagsaufgaben. Die mit Abstand häufigste Form einer Demenz ist die Alzheimer-Krankheit, gefolgt von der vaskulären Demenz. Weitere, irreversibel verlaufende Demenzursachen sind etwa die Parkinson-Demenz, die Demenz mit Lewy-Körperchen und die frontotemporalen Degenerationen. Potenziell behebbare Ursachen für eine Demenz sind besonders zu beachten, z.B. Depression, kommunizierender Hydrozephalus oder Hypothyreose. Für die Therapie ist zudem die Erhebung der noch vorhandenen Fertigkeiten des Patienten wichtig. Eine verständliche Aufklärung des Patienten über seine Erkrankung sollte die Regel für den Arzt sein, Ausnahmen hiervon muss er begründen.
Metastability and chimera states in modular delay and pulse-coupled oscillator networks
Authors: Wildie Mark , Shanahan Murray
Published: December 2012

Modular networks of delay-coupled and pulse-coupled oscillators are presented, which display both transient (metastable) synchronization dynamics and the formation of a large number of “chimera” states characterized by coexistent synchronized and desynchronized subsystems. We consider networks based on both community and small-world topologies. It is shown through simulation that the metastable behaviour of the system is dependent in all cases on connection delay, and a critical region is found that maximizes indices of both metastability and the prevalence of chimera states. We show dependence of phase coherence in synchronous oscillation on the level and strength of external connectivity between communities, and demonstrate that synchronization dynamics are dependent on the modular structure of the network. The long-term behaviour of the system is considered and the relevance of the model briefly discussed with emphasis on biological and neurobiological systems.
Nanosecond component in a femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Shneider M. N. , Semak V. V. , Zhang Zhili
Published: November 2012

Experimental and computational results show that the coherent microwave scattering from a laser-induced plasma can be used for measuring the quality of a fs laser pulse. The temporal dynamics of the microwave scattered signal from the fs-laser induced plasma can be related to the effect of nanosecond tail of the fs laser pulse.
The origin of flow-induced alignment of spherical colloids in shear-thinning viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Santos de Oliveira I. S. , den Otter W. K. , Briels W. J.
Published: November 2012

We have studied the poorly understood process of flow-induced structure formation by colloids suspended in shear-thinning fluids. These viscoelastic fluids contain long flexible chains whose entanglements appear and disappear continuously as a result of Brownian motion and the applied shear flow. Responsive particle dynamics simulates each chain as a single smooth Brownian particle, with slowly evolving inter-particle degrees of freedom accounting for the entanglements. The colloids mixed homogeneously in all simulated quiescent dispersions and they remain dispersed under slow shear flow. Beyond a critical shear rate, which varies depending on the fluid, the colloids aggregate and form flow-aligned strings in the bulk of the fluid. In this work we explore the physical origins of this hitherto unexplained ordering phenomena, both by systematically varying the parameters of the simulated fluids and by analyzing the flow-induced effective colloidal interactions. We also present an expression for the critical shear rate of the studied fluids.
Evolution of axisymmetric weakly turbulent mixtures interacting with shock or rarefaction waves
Authors: Griffond Jérôme , Soulard Olivier
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with the interaction of a shock or a rarefaction wave with a weakly turbulent mixture of perfect gases. Assuming weak density-velocity fluctuations, Kovasznay decomposition applies and linear theories can be used to predict the evolution of the joint spectrum of density and velocity during the interaction. In this work, the upstream spectrum is restricted to axisymmetric fields free of acoustic perturbations, in order to comply with shock tube experimental conditions. Besides, spectral anisotropy is limited to a first order spherical harmonic decomposition. With these assumptions, transfer matrices can be obtained which relate the Reynolds stresses, turbulent mass flux and density variance after interaction to their counterparts before interaction. Results are given for both shock waves and rarefaction or compression waves; they are intended to help improve one-point statistical turbulence models applied to shock tube experiments.
Frequency-domain correction of sensor dynamic error for step response
Authors: Yang Shuang-Long , Xu Ke-Jun
Published: November 2012

To obtain accurate results in dynamic measurements it is required that the sensors should have good dynamic performance. In practice, sensors have non-ideal dynamic characteristics due to their small damp ratios and low natural frequencies. In this case some dynamic error correction methods can be adopted for dealing with the sensor responses to eliminate the effect of their dynamic characteristics. The frequency-domain correction of sensor dynamic error is a common method. Using the existing calculation method, however, the correct frequency-domain correction function (FCF) cannot be obtained according to the step response calibration experimental data. This is because of the leakage error and invalid FCF value caused by the cycle extension of the finite length step input-output intercepting data. In order to solve these problems the data splicing preprocessing and FCF interpolation are put forward, and the FCF calculation steps as well as sensor dynamic error correction procedure by the calculated FCF are presented in this paper. The proposed solution is applied to the dynamic error correction of the bar-shaped wind tunnel strain gauge balance so as to verify its effectiveness. The dynamic error correction results show that the adjust time of the balance step response is shortened to 10 ms (shorter than 1/30 before correction) after frequency-domain correction, and the overshoot is fallen within 5% (less than 1/10 before correction) as well. The dynamic measurement accuracy of the balance is improved significantly.
Electron spin resonance investigation of H2+, HD+, and D2+ isolated in neon matrices at 2 K
Authors: Correnti Matthew D. , Dickert Kyle P. , Pittman Mark A. , Felmly John W. , Banisaukas John J. , Knight Lon B.
Published: November 2012

Various isotopologues of nature's simplest molecule, namely H2+, HD+, and D2+, have been isolated in neon matrices at 2 K for the first time and studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). Over many years, hundreds of matrix isolation experiments employing a variety of deposition conditions and ion generation methods have been tried to trap the H2+ cation radical in our laboratory. The molecule has been well characterized in the gas phase and by theoretical methods. The observed magnetic parameters for H2+ in neon at 2 K are: g∥ ≈ g⊥ = 2.0022(1); Aiso(H) = 881(7) MHz; and Adip(H) = 33(3) MHz. Reasonable agreement with gas phase values of the isotropic hyperfine interaction (Aiso) is observed; however, the neon matrix dipolar hyperfine interaction (Adip) is noticeably below the gas phase value. The smaller matrix value of Adip is attributable to motional averaging of the H2+ radical in the neon matrix trapping site–an occurrence that would prevent the full extent of the hyperfine anisotropy from being measured for a powder pattern type ESR sample.
Magnetic phase transitions and magnetocaloric effect in La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xFexO3 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.07 manganites
Authors: Lampen Paula J. , Zhang YingDe , Phan The-Long , Zhang P. , Yu Seong-Cho , Srikanth Hariharan , Phan Manh-Huong
Published: December 2012

We report a systematic study of the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xFexO3, where trivalent Fe is substituted for Mn on the perovskite B-site in the doping range 0.00≤x≤0.07. The polycrystalline materials were prepared by a standard solid state reaction method and X-ray diffraction confirmed that Fe was incorporated without significant structural changes. Magnetic measurements indicate that the ferromagnetic double exchange interaction is weakened with increasing Fe concentration, resulting in a shift in TC from 263 K to 114 K as x varied between 0.00 and 0.07. The large entropy change of 7.7 J/kg K found in the sample with x=0 for a field change of 3 T is initially enhanced to 8.6 J/kg K for x = 0.01, which is likely due to oxygen deficiency. As Fe content increased further, peak entropy values were seen to decline. However, a simultaneous broadening of the ΔSM(T) peaks led to enhanced refrigerant capacity (RC) in the Fe-doped samples of up to 30% over that of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Arrott plot analyses and a universal curve method were applied to study the order of the magnetic transition in this system. The incorporation of Fe led to a weakening of first-order nature of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and finally initiated a change from first to second order for x > 0.05.
Experimental observations of flow instabilities and rapid mixing of two dissimilar viscoelastic liquids
Authors: Gan Hiong Yap , Lam Yee Cheong
Published: November 2012

Viscoelastically induced flow instabilities, via a simple planar microchannel, were previously used to produce rapid mixing of two dissimilar polymeric liquids (i.e. at least a hundredfold different in shear viscosity) even at a small Reynolds number. The unique advantage of this mixing technology is that viscoelastic liquids are readily found in chemical and biological samples like organic and polymeric liquids, blood and crowded proteins samples; their viscoelastic properties could be exploited. As such, an understanding of the underlying interactions will be important especially in rapid microfluidic mixing involving multiple-stream flow of complex (viscoelastic) fluids in biological assays. Here, we use the same planar device to experimentally show that the elasticity ratio (i.e. the ratio of stored elastic energy to be relaxed) between two liquids indeed plays a crucial role in the entire flow kinematics and the enhanced mixing. We demonstrate here that the polymer stretching dynamics generated in the upstream converging flow and the polymer relaxation events occurring in the downstream channel are not exclusively responsible for the transverse flow mixing, but the elasticity ratio is also equally important. The role of elasticity ratio for transverse flow instability and the associated enhanced mixing were illustrated based on experimental observations. A new parameter Deratio = Deside / Demain (i.e. the ratio of the Deborah number (De) of the sidestream to the mainstream liquids) is introduced to correlate the magnitude of energy discontinuity between the two liquids. A new Deratio-Demain operating space diagram was constructed to present the observation of the effects of both elasticity and energy discontinuity in a compact manner, and for a general classification of the states of flow development.
Polarization dependent optical control of atomic arrangement in multilayer Ge-Sb-Te phase change materials
Authors: Makino Kotaro , Tominaga Junji , Kolobov Alexander V. , Fons Paul , Hase Muneaki
Published: December 2012

We report the optical perturbation of atomic arrangement in the layered in GeTe/Sb2Te3 phase change memory material. To observe the structural change, the coherent A1 mode of GeTe4 local structure was investigated at various polarization angles of femtosecond pump pulses with the fluence at ≤78 μJ/cm2. p-polarization found to be more effective in inducing the A1 frequency shift that can be either reversible or irreversible depending on the pump fluence. The predominant origin of this shift is attributed to rearrangement of Ge atoms driven by anisotropic dissociation of the Ge-Te bonds along the [111] axis after the p-polarized pulse irradiation.
Length and boundary effects on a nanorod
Authors: Kim Wonbae , Chung Hayoung , Cho Maenghyo
Published: November 2012

We investigate length and boundary effects on the equilibrium strain of a ⟨100⟩ copper nanorod with {100} or {110} surfaces. Unlike a nanowire, a free-edged nanorod has finite length and has two more surfaces at both tip and root. Although the area of these two edge surfaces is generally much smaller than that of side surfaces, the effect of the edge surfaces should not be ignored in the equilibrium configuration of a nanorod. In this letter, an analytical model to estimate the equilibrium strain of the nanorod is proposed, and molecular statics simulations are performed to prove the proposed model. As the length of a nanorod increases, the equilibrium strain increases and converges to that of a nanowire. As for the boundary effect, we compare the equilibrium strain of a clamped nanorod with that of a free-edged nanorod.
First-principles prediction of layered antiperovskite superconductors A2CNi4 (A = Al, Ga, and Sn)
Authors: Shao D. F. , Lu W. J. , Lin S. , Tong P. , Jian H. B. , Pan X. Y. , Sun Y. P.
Published: November 2012

We theoretically designed and investigated the layered antiperovskite nickel carbides A2CNi4 with different A-site elements by using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT). The calculated formation energies for a series of A-site elements show that Al2CNi4, Ga2CNi4, and Sn2CNi4 are stable and can be synthesized at ambient pressure. The elastic properties and electronic band structures were calculated and discussed. Similar to the superconducting MgCNi3, the three stable compounds show the non-magnetic ground states. The density of states at Fermi level N(EF), dominated by Ni-3d electrons, can be comparable with the N(EF) of MgCNi3. The electron and hole bands cross the Fermi level, indicating the multiple-band nature for A2CNi4 (A = Al, Ga, and Sn). Using the McMillan's formula, we approximately estimated the superconducting parameters such as electron-phonon coupling constants λ and superconducting transition temperatures TC. Our present results show that the layered antiperovskite nickel carbides A2CNi4 (A = Al, Ga, and Sn) may be potential weak-coupling superconductors with TC about 5∼7 K.
On-chip fabrication of air-bubble-containing Nd3+-doped tellurite glass microsphere for laser emission
Authors: Kishi Tetsuo , Kumagai Tsutaru , Yano Tetsuji , Shibata Shuichi
Published: November 2012

We fabricated an air-bubble-containing glass microsphere on a substrate by using localized heating technique. Nd3+-doped tellurite glass cullets on a substrate were melted by a CW-Ti:sapphire laser at the wavelength of 810 nm and with the power density of more than 4.8 MW/cm2 to obtain tellurite glass microspheres with the diameter of 5 to 200 μm. The localized heating technique using laser is useful to form a bubble at a certain place in the microsphere. Both air-bubble-containing and bubble-free spheres showed lasing actions at around the wavelength of 1065 nm. The average laser thresholds of the air-bubble-containing and bubble-free microspheres with the size of 20-50 μm were 0.78 mW and 5.25 mW, respectively.
Influence of defect mobility on electrostrain in acceptor-doped Ba0.80Sr0.20TiO3
Authors: Vani K. , Kumar Viswanathan
Published: December 2012

This study reports significant differences in the defect-mediated electrostrain in B-site trivalent ions (Fe3+ and Mn3+) doped Barium titanate based system. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy has been employed as a structural probe for understanding the symmetry of defects. Differences in the reorientation of the defect dipoles have been correlated with the electrostrain. Mechanism for the higher strain in Mn-doped system has also been explained.