bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-crystalline GaN microdisk arrays grown on graphene for flexible micro-LED application
Authors: Fabunmi Tobiloba Grace , Lee Seokje , Kim Han Ik , Yoo Dongha , Lee Jamin , Kim Imhwan , Ali Asad , Jang Daniel , Lee Sangmin , Lee Changgu , Kim Miyoung , Yi Gyu-Chul
Published: November 2023

We report the growth of single-crystalline GaN microdisk arrays on graphene and their application in flexible light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Graphene layers were directly grown on c-sapphire substrates using chemical vapor deposition and employed as substrates for GaN growth. Position-controlled GaN microdisks were laterally overgrown on the graphene layers with a micro-patterned SiO2 mask using metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy. The as-grown GaN microdisks exhibited excellent single crystallinity with a uniform in-plane orientation. Furthermore, we fabricated flexible micro-LEDs by achieving heteroepitaxial growth of n-GaN, In
x
Ga1−x
N/GaN multiple quantum wells, and p-GaN layers on graphene-coated sapphire substrates. The GaN micro-LED arrays were successfully transferred onto bendable substrates and displayed strong blue light emission under room illumination, demonstrating their potential for integration into flexible optoelectronic devices.
IPEM topical report: results of a 2022 UK survey on the use of linac manufacturer integrated quality control (MIQC)
Authors: Pearson Michael , Barnes Michael P , Brown Kirstie F , Hawthorn Karen , Stevens Simon W , Kizhakke Veetil Rakesh , Weston Steven , Whitbourn JR
Published: November 2023

In recent years Radiotherapy linear accelerator (linac) vendors have developed their own integrated quality control (QC) systems. Such manufacturer-integrated-quality-control (MIQC) has the potential to improve both the quality and efficiency of linac QC but is currently being developed and utilised in the absence of specific best-practice guidance. An Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine working party was commissioned with a view to develop guidance for the commissioning and implementation of MIQC. This study is based upon a survey of United Kingdom (UK) radiotherapy departments performed by the working party. The survey was distributed to all heads of radiotherapy physics in the UK and investigated availability and uptake, community beliefs and opinions, utilisation, user experience and associated procedures. The survey achieved a 95% response rate and demonstrated strong support (>95%) for its use and further development. MIQC systems are available in 79% of respondents’ centres, and are in clinical use in 66%. The most common MIQC system was Varian MPC, in clinical use in 58% of responding centres, with CyberKnife AQA\E2E in 11%, TomoTherapy TQA in 8% and no users of Elekta Machine QA. A majority of users found their MIQC to be easy to use, reliable, and had five or more years of experience. Most users reported occasions of discrepancy in results between MIQC and conventional testing, but the majority considered this acceptable, indicating a false reporting frequency of quarterly or less. MIQC has shown value in preventative maintenance and early detection of machine deviations. There were inconsistent approaches in the utilisation and commissioning tests performed. Fewer than half of users perform QC of MIQC. 45% of responders have modified their QC processes with the introduction of MIQC, via replacement of conventional tests or reduction in their frequency. Future guidance is recommended to assist in the implementation of MIQC.
Inverse radon transform with deep learning: an application in cardiac motion correction
Authors: Chang Haoran , Kobzarenko Valerie , Mitra Debasis
Published: November 2023

Objective. This paper addresses performing inverse radon transform (IRT) with artificial neural network (ANN) or deep learning, simultaneously with cardiac motion correction (MC). The suggested application domain is cardiac image reconstruction in emission or transmission tomography where IRT is relevant. Our main contribution is in proposing an ANN architecture that is particularly suitable for this purpose. Approach. We validate our approach with two types of datasets. First, we use an abstract object that looks like a heart to simulate motion-blurred radon transform. With the known ground truth in hand, we then train our proposed ANN architecture and validate its effectiveness in MC. Second, we used human cardiac gated datasets for training and validation of our approach. The gating mechanism bins data over time using the electro-cardiogram (ECG) signals for cardiac motion correction. Main results. We have shown that trained ANNs can perform motion-corrected image reconstruction directly from a motion-corrupted sinogram. We have compared our model against two other known ANN-based approaches. Significance. Our method paves the way for eliminating any need for hardware gating in medical imaging.
Droop and light extraction of InGaN-based red micro-light-emitting diodes
Authors: Park Jeong-Hwan , Pristovsek Markus , Wentao Cai , Kumabe Takeru , Choi Soo-Young , Lee Dong-Seon , Seong Tae-Yeon , Amano Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

In this letter, we investigate the impact of periphery, width, length and area on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of stripe-type InGaN-based red micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs). A longer periphery resulted in a higher light extraction efficiency (

η

e

) via the sidewall regardless of the area of the µLEDs. However, as the injection current increased a somewhat larger efficiency droop was observed at the longer periphery due to current crowding. Additionally, larger µLEDs experienced more self-heating than smaller ones, resulting in a red shift of wavelengths and a larger efficiency droop. When the current density exceeded 100 A cm−2, the EQE ratio of smaller-area μLEDs to larger-area ones increased significantly due to the difference in efficiency droop. Besides, a short light propagation length and a long emission width yielded a higher

η

e

. Hence, the periphery, width, length and area of the µLEDs determine EQE, which provides insight into the pixel design of µLED displays.
Efficiency improvement of Cu(In(1−x)Ga
x
)Se2 solar cell using copper barium tin sulfide as back surface field layer and bandgap grading technique
Authors: Patel Alok Kumar , Mishra Rajan , Soni Sanjay Kumar
Published: November 2023

This work proposes the simulation of graded

C
u

I

n

1
−

x

G

a

x

S

e

2

–based solar cell with copper barium tin sulfide (CBTS) compounds as a back surface field (BSF) layer using the SCAPS-1D software. The CBTS BSF layer reduces the charge carrier losses on the back contact side and creates an extra BSF that helps in extracting holes toward the back contact. To utilize the maximum spectrum absorption range, three different grading configurations were analyzed by varying the stoichiometry of

C
u

I

n

1
−

x

G

a

x

S

e

2

. This grading technique significantly improves the device performance such as open circuit voltage (V
oc), short circuit current density (J
sc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency by changing the Ga content in the CIGS material. Furthermore, the impact of interface defect recombination velocity at the WSSe/graded-CIGS interface, acceptor density, and bulk defect in the CIGS layer on the device’s performance have been analyzed. The insertion of CBTS as a BSF layer and the bandgap grading technique yield a maximum efficiency of 31.08% for the proposed solar cell. These results will be helpful in the fabrication of highly efficient bandgap graded-CIGS solar cells.
The investigation of edge-localized modes on the Globus-M2 tokamak using Doppler backscattering
Authors: Ponomarenko A. , Gusev V. , Kiselev E. , Kurskiev G. , Minaev V. , Petrov A. , Petrov Y. , Sakharov N. , Solokha V. , Teplova N. , Shchegolev P. , Yashin A. , Zhiltsov N.
Published: November 2023

The first results of investigation of edge localized modes (ELMs) in the Globus-M2 tokamak using the Doppler backscattering method are presented in this paper. Specifically, ELMs that are initiated by sawtooth crashes in the H-mode are discussed. The goal of this paper is study plasma turbulence behaviour during ELMs and to showcase what ELM characteristics can be obtained using Doppler backscattering (DBS). An increase of the poloidal rotation velocity during an ELM burst and a decrease in the inter-ELM periods was observed. The effect of ELMs on the plasma turbulence was investigated and estimated to span around 6 cm inside the separatrix. This is to do with the fact that the sawtooth crashes which are responsible for initiating the ELMs take place in the core plasma. Additional experiments with standard reflectometry indicate that ELMs develop 3 cm inside the separatrix where the pedestal region is believed to be in Globus-M2. The direction of the expansion of the ELMs from the inner plasma region to the edge was determined and the velocity was estimated to be around 8 km s−1. During a single ELM burst a series of filament structures were found in the peripheral DBS channels. In an attempt to understand the processes involved modelling of the reaction of the DBS signals to filaments was done using the BOUT ++ and IPF-FD3D full-wave codes, and the cases for both linear and nonlinear scattering were considered. The results show that the presence of nonlinear scattering during ELMs can lead to an overestimation of the measured velocity values in the region of filament existence near the separatrix.
Agronomic performance, yield and seed production of some new superior varieties using integrated crop management approach in tabanan district, Bali province
Authors: Suastika I B K , Kariada I K , Delly Resiani N M , Budiartana I M
Published: November 2023

One of the obstacles to increasing rice productivity in paddy fields in Tabanan district is the availability of adaptive new superior varieties (NSV) with high productivity. The aim of the study was to determine the agronomic performance, yield components and seed production of three NSV lowland rice which have the potential to be developed in irrigated paddy fields at Subak Guama Tabanan districs, in collaboration with AIAT Bali as NSV seed providers. The study was conducted from February to June 2021. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 1 factor 4 treatments including Ciherang as a comparison and each treatment was repeated 6 times. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then the treatment was further tested using the Tukey test at 95%. The results of the study showed that the application with a 2:1 legowo cropping system can increase the performance and components of crop yields. The use of NSV and the 2:1 legowo planting method can increase productivity by an average of 1.24 tonnes/ha of harvested dry grain (HDG) or an increase of 19.36% tonnes/ha of HDG. The application of ICM using NSV, the legowo 2:1 planting method is one way to increase rice production.
Damage Caused by Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith on Corn in Climate Zones in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Vebryanti A , Daud I D , Dungga N E
Published: November 2023

Corn, as one of the main commodities in South Sulawesi, cannot be separated from pests such as Spodoptera frugiperda. J.E Smith. S. frugiperda is a new invasive pest in Indonesia and has been reported to spread throughout the provinces, including South Sulawesi. However, information on S. frugiperda damage in South Sulawesi was still limited. The purpose of this research is to determine how S. frugiperda affects corn plants in South Sulawesi’s potential agricultural climate zones, specifically the west, east, and transitional sectors. Surveys from October to December 2022 were carried out in three regencies representing each climate zone in South Sulawesi. The scouting method was used to conduct field observations on 50 plant samples at each location. Use a visual rating scale of 1 (no damage) to 5 (severe plant stunting and funnel damage) to determine the severity. The intensity of attack during the observation recorded the highest rate of attack in the transitional sector The highest attack rate was in the transitional sector (Luwu), with a total damage category and attack intensity of 48.7%, while the lowest was in the eastern sector (Wajo), with an attack intensity of 32.80%. The highest larval density was in the transitional sector (Luwu), with an average range of 0.04-0.52 larva/plant, while the lowest was in the western sector (Takalar), with an average range of 0.04-0.06 larva/plant. The infested corn plants in the all-climate zone in South Sulawesi showed various typical damages caused by S. frugiperda.
Evaluation of Hard Seed in Indonesia Local Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Afza H , Palupi E R , Ilyas S , Herlina L
Published: November 2023

The rate of hard seed in mungbean is a seed production and consumption and varies among varieties. The hard seed is characterized by the absence of pores in the epidermis and an impermeable seed coat created by the suberin layers, which is considered a significant issue for both to be correlated with the environment, seed size, and genetics. A germination test (ISTA rules) was used to determine the rate of the hard seed of 15 local mungbean genotypes collected by the Indonesian Agricultural Gene Bank. The seeds have been stored for three years at 18°C and 30-40% RH. The germination test using rolled paper consisted of 50 seeds with four replications. Hard seeds remained hard at the end of the germination test period because they had not absorbed water due to an impermeable seed coat. The hard seeds were then subjected to dormancy-breaking treatments, i.e., hot water rinsing, sandpaper scarification, soaking in H2SO4 98% and 50% for 30 minutes, and soaking in HCL 1N for 30 minutes. Local Sampang accession was found to have the highest number of hard seeds (15.5%). Lokal Sampang accession has a smaller seed, with an average seed length of 4.04±0.053mm and a seed width of 3.48±0,012 mm. Scarification with sandpaper was the most successful treatment to break the hard seeds’ dormancy, resulting in 100% germination.
Diversity, distribution of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) in West Sumatra based on herbarium specimens and its potency for genetic resources essential oil
Authors: Rahmi N , Nurainas  , Syamsuardi
Published: November 2023

Zingiberaceae is popular plant family that is widely used for medicinal purposes, as cooking spices, and as a source of essential oils. The Zingiberaceae family is characterized by its significant reliance on essential oils. This study aims to inventory, analyze distribution, and review the potential of essential oils from Zingiberaceae species. The species inventory is based on observations of herbarium specimens, and the potential of essential oils is known through a literature review. A total of 2,500 herbarium specimens stored at the Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and the Bogoriense Herbarium (BO) were identified. The results showed 100 species belonging to 20 genera of Zingiberaceae in West Sumatra. Zingiberaceae are found administratively in almost all cities and districts in West Sumatra, with Padang City and Mentawai Islands District. Geographically, Zingiberaceae are distributed in secondary and mixed forests in the lowland, medium elevation, and hilly to montane zones. Based on a literature review, 12% of Zingiberaceae species have been commercialized, 24% have potential for essential oil production, and the rest have not been studied for their essential oil content. The main components of essential oils found in Zingiberaceae are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.
Plant diversity and its potential in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Susiarti S , Rugayah  , Oryzanti P , Ismawati  , Destryana R A
Published: November 2023

It is well known that biological and cultural diversity in Indonesia is quite high, as well as the potential of plants as food, medicine, cosmetics, and dyes. This diversity gives rise to local knowledge in its interaction with the environment and the utilization of plant resources to the daily needs of local communities. The Local knowledge from a fairly diverse community still has much to be revealed. Similarly, Sumenep geographically consists of the mainland (54.79%) and the islands (45.21%) with 126 islands. Several field surveys in Sumenep have been conducted on several islands such as in Sepanjang, Gili Iyang, Poteran, Kangean, and Madura mainland, with interview methods to the majority of Madurese ethnic people. From the data collection so far, approximately 173 potential species of plants for food, medicinal ingredients, cosmetic ingredients, and coloring materials have been recorded. Food materials include Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Moringa oleifera, Dioscorea alata, and Borassus flabellifer, as well as medicinal ingredients include Azadirachta indica, Curcuma aeruginosa, and Paederia foetida, whereas for natural dye is Ceriops tagal.
The evaluation of agronomic characters and artemisinin content of EMS-mutated artemisia lines
Authors: Purnamaningsih R , Isnawati A , Masjkur M
Published: November 2023

The cases of malaria in Indonesia are high, especially in Eastern Indonesia, while the basic raw materials for malaria drugs are still imported. Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.) produces artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone compound, to treat malaria. Artemisinin content of Artemisia growing in Indonesia is low, therefore technological support is needed to produce new varieties of artemisia that have high artemisinin content. In vitro mutagenesis could increase plant genetic diversity which is the main requirement in plant breeding. The application of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) to the artemisia cell population has been carried out and nine 3rd generations of artemisia mutant lines were obtained. This study aims to evaluate the growth of artemisia mutant lines based on their agronomic characters and artemisinin content. The research was conducted in Lembang, Bandung in July - December 2022. A completely randomized block design was used. The results showed that EMS affected growth characteristics that correlated with plant productivity, i.e. plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, and artemisinin content. Of the nine tested lines, at least 7 had higher plant height, number of branches, wet weight, and dry weight than the control. The artemisinin content of the mutants ranged from 0.67 to 1.02%, while the artemisinin content of the control was 0.4%. The increasing artemisinin content of these mutants reached 1.5 times compared to the control, and the mutant lines’ yields reached 2 times that of the control. The diversity of plants can also be seen from the differences in the color of the stems.
Immobilization microbial cellulase and lipase as bio-catalyst agent using maltodextrin for biofuel synthesis
Authors: Djohan A C , Subiyanto B , Thontowi A
Published: November 2023

The alternative method of using enzyme technology and modification methods will reduce the cost of biofuel production. New solution for biofuel production by improving the advantages from potential microbial to produce biocatalyst such as cellulase and lipase as an alternative catalyst for replacing the chemical catalyst for transesterification process. This study was developing new method of enzyme immobilization for feasibility biofuel production which is more efficient and effective process in industries. The result obtained in this work allowed concluding that the highest value for the total cellulolytic activity was obtain using carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate reaching value 4.225 U/ml for 24 h with optimization of pH 7 and temperature 50 °C. Instead of cellulase, the potential Aspergillus niger InaCC F538 can produce extracellular lipase and the value found for lipase activity in olive oil substrate is 3.710 U/ml for 24 h incubation time with optimization of pH 8 and temperature 50 °C. The immobilization process of cellulase and lipase using maltodextrin was enhancing the activity to 19.615 U/ml and 24.123 U/ml. The biofuel production based on microbial will be widely used for continuously used for renewable raw material from waste agriculture biomasses for biofuel production. New enzymes combination for improving enzyme stability for industrial application based on fermentation through the economically feasible.
Comparison of three different RNA extraction kits for transcriptome analysis of Indonesian rice (Oryza sativa L) explant for anther culture
Authors: Fatimah S , Purwoko D , Rosyid I R A , Zulaeha S , Syafii M
Published: November 2023

Recalcitrancy is the main problem in rice anther culture, especially in an Indica subspecies. It is well known that recalcitrancy is genotype dependent, and the effort to tackle this problem is mostly in the manipulations of media. Uncovering the genes responsible for recalcitrancy will benefit to enhance the success of this technique to accelerate the breeding process of Indonesian rice varieties which mostly belong to the indica subspecies. RNA-Seq is considered one of the best approaches to finding candidate genes responsible for specific traits including recalcitrant in anther culture. The aim of this study was to obtain the high concentration and good quality of RNA extracted methods using various extraction kits. The RNA extraction was carried out using Tripure, Promega, and RibospinTM Plant (Geneall) kit methods. Quality of RNA provided by the Promega kit showed good quality of RNA in all three genotypes tested ranging from 2.06±0.01-2.11±0.00 for A260/280 and 1.86±0.14-1.95±0.10 for A260/230.
In-silico Gene Editing of LCYB in Musa acuminata and Its Functional Analysis Related to Lycopene Beta-Cyclase Pathway
Authors: Fendiyanto M H , Maysha D J , Hastilestari B R
Published: November 2023

Banana (Musa acuminata) has high biodiversity and belongs to the important commodities after rice, particularly in Indonesia. for effective biofortification of bananas, a thorough understanding of the fruit’s genetic makeup, nutritional composition, and bioavailability of nutrients is necessary. If the study of bananas is incomplete or lacking, it can impede the development of biofortified varieties. The gene-regulated vitamin A pathway in a banana is LCYB. Therefore, this study aimed to design activating LCYB gene using CRISPR/Cas 9 and predict its gene and protein functional analysis related to the lycopene beta-cyclase pathway. We performed sequence analysis of LCYB (GeneBank: KP406755.1) to construct sgRNA to activate the expression of LCYB by in-silico approaches. We also successfully amplified the LCYB gene in various accession collections. Based on in-silico predicting sgRNA activity, we found a total of 192 putative sgRNA both in the positive or negative strand in the M.acuminata LCYB gene sequence. We investigated three sgRNA targets sequence-related MaLCYB activation, i.e., CTTTAGATGAGTCATACAAGGGG, ACGAGAGTTCACTACCCAAGAGG, and AGAATTGAGTTGCTCCACCGAGG with an efficiency score of 73.23, 71.00, and 70.21%, respectively. The mutation of the gene could change the functional protein and influence the lycopene beta-cyclase pathway. In silico analysis was an important tool to predict genome editing in M.acuminata to minimize technical sgRNA construction in vivo.
Effect of Different Fertilizer Types on the Availability of Manganese in Soil Cultivated with Maize (Zea mays L.) During Different Growth Periods
Authors: Al-Hasmoti Safaa Jassem Hussein , Jarallah Raid Shaalan
Published: November 2023

The research aimed to determine the availability of manganese in the rhizosphere of maize plants at various growth and development stages. The treatments of the field trial were: nitrogen fertilizer, urea type, 400 and 200 kg hectare-1, humic acid 500 and 250 cm liter-1 per dunum, and organic fertilization (sheep manure) were applied at rates of 8 and 4 ton hectare-1 reflecting the recommended doses and half of the recommendation in addition to the control treatment. In the summer of 2022, a field experiment was conducted. Three replications were used according to the Randomized Complete Block design (R.C.B.D.). The local maize variety was seeded in 9 m2 (3m x 3m) in plots. After 70 and 100 days of planting, the concentration of manganese in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were examined. For the two cultivation periods (70 and 100 days), the levels of accessible manganese to plant were greatest with the O1 treatment and lowest with the M2 treatment in the rhizosphere soil and bulk soils. The data also revealed a drop in the accessible manganese concentration in the soil and outside the rhizosphere as the growth time (100 days) increased, indicating increased plant absorption.
Treatment of the Harmful Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide using the Amino Acid Selenocysteine and Sulfur Element on the Concentration of Nutrients in Yellow Corn Plant (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Mohamed Shams El-Din , Mohamed Hussein A.
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the fall season (2022) in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala in order to demonstrate the effect of the amino acid Selenocysteine and the sulfur element and the interference between them in treating the harmful effect of hydrogen peroxide and its effect on the nutrients (N, P, K, S) of the yellow corn plant (Zea mays.L). The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), a regular factorial experiment with three replications, and the experimental parameters included the following: Three levels of spraying with acid with hydrogen peroxide (0, 5, 10) mg. liter-1 and three levels of spraying with the amino acid Selenocysteine (0, 50, 100) mg. liter-1, 2concentrations of liquid sulfur Zolfast (0, 2.5) g. Liter-1 and H2O2 was sprayed first, then the experimental factors were sprayed later, the corn crop was grown, and the results showed that spraying hydrogen peroxide with a high concentration (H10) led to a decrease in the studied characteristics, And when spraying the plant with acid (Sec), the studied characteristics increased with increasing concentrations of spray, and also these characteristics increased when spraying sulfur, and the bilateral interferences between the study factors gave a significant increase in the proportion of nutrients (N, P, K, S), and the triple interaction between The three factors of the study (H2O2 + Sec + S) treated the damage of hydrogen peroxide through the presence of an increase in the proportion of all studied characteristics when spraying the plant with amino acid and sulfur (H10, Sec100, S2.5) and when not spraying them (H10, Sec0, S0).
Bioremediation of Imidacloprid by the Local Isolate Psychrobacter celer
Authors: Ali Ihab H. , Bayar Aswan H. , Arif Mokhtar A.
Published: November 2023

Pesticide biodegradation can be accomplished by the technique of bioremediation, which makes use of microorganisms’ ability to degrade pesticide residues. This study aimed to separate and identify imidacloprid-biodegradable from botanical fields soil of greenhouses in the Plant Protection Directorate /Ministry of Agriculture in Baghdad, which has been using imidacloprid pesticides for many years. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, residual imidacloprid concentrations in MSM medium at a concentration of 25 mg/L after 21 days were measured to identify the best degrading bacterial isolates. Isolate No.37 the best bacterial isolate was able to degrade 63% of imidacloprid. was identified as Psychrobacter celer according to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Moreover, genetic analysis for the 16S rRNA gene and given a new accession number (OP672320.1) in the GenBank of NCBI, from this study that the soil previously contaminated for long periods of time with imidacloprid can be treated by degrading the imidacloprid residues in it by isolated bacteria Psychrobacter celer.
Study the Concentration of PAHS in Al-Rumayth River Water-Iraq
Authors: Dalil Inas Azoz , Al-Fanharawi Ali Abdulhamza
Published: November 2023

This study’s goals were to look into PAH concentrations and compositions as well as chemical and physical water characteristics. In Al –Rumaytha river. This study was conducted out during from November 2021 to October 2022. According to the results, sixteen PAHs compounds were found in the water, including According to the results, water contained sixteen different PAHs components including Acenaphthene and Acenaphthylene ranged between (47.1-91.5, 24.9-55.7) ppm, The values Anthracene, Naphthalene, phenanthene and fluorine results ranged (14.9-48.9 ppm,18.9 -68.7ppm,8.9-41.7 ppm,8.5-41 ppm) respectively, the minimum and maximum concentrations of Benzo[A]anthracen, Benzo[B]fluoranthene, Benzo [K] fluorantyene, Benz [G,H] perylen, Benz [A] Pryene, Chrysene, Dibenzo [A,H] Anthracene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Indeno and Pryene was 4.1-20.6 ppm, 20.1-69.7ppm, 30.1-97.4 ppm,4.1-36.9 ppm,0.29-1.6ppm 10.5-40.8 ppm, 8.9-36.9 ppm, 6.5-33.4 ppm,2.5-10.2 ppm,1.3-10.4 ppm. The results show that the Al-Rumaytha River is PAH-polluted, with human activities having the greatest negative effects on the river’s water quality and health.
Tissue Propagation of Marjoram Plant (in vitro)
Authors: Saleh Mohammed Mahdi , Zahwan Thamer A. , Ghanim Nadhim Salim
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk for the season 2022. to study the propagation of the marjoram plant tissue from tips of branches outside the body. plant parts were sterilized for a period of 10-15 min, water was used to remove dust, and they were sterilized inside the cultivation table in Naocl sodium hypochlorite solution (commercial minor solution) at a concentration of 6% for 8 minutes in order to remove suspended microscopic parts. plant parts were washed 3 times each for 5 minutes. plant parts were cut, and tips of branches were taken, with (1) cm. with kinetin at, 2, 4, 6, 8) mg. L-1. plants were vaccinated at a temperature of 25 + 2 m 0 with an intensity of illumination was 3000 lux, with a light sequence of 16 hours, followed by 8 hours of darkness, for 4 weeks of cultivation. data were taken for the experiment (length of the longest branch) (number of branches) (number of leaves). after replanting the tips of the branches for another 4 weeks of the multiplication process, data were taken at (length of the longest branch cm) number of leaves/plant part). tips of branches. Regarding the root experience, data were taken (percentage of rooting %) (average number of roots/vegetative part) (average root length/cm) (branch length/cm) (number of leaves/vegetative part) full and half concentration of salt from the same soil were added to cultivated on a medium with different concentrations of IBA.
Effect of Pinching, Paclobutrazol and Kinetin on the Growth and Flowering of Cassia Occidentalis
Authors: Ali Nebras Abbas , Hussein Jinan Qasim
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted in lath house of the Agricultural Preparatory School / Abi Ghareq for the spring season 2022_2023 to study the effect of fencing and spraying with paclobuterol and kinetin and its interaction on the growth and flowering traits of Cassia Occidentalis. Where the symbol for pinching is C1 and no edging is C0, the plants were sprayed with three concentrations of paclobetrazole with two concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 g. L-1) and its symbol is (P0, P1, P2), and the plants were sprayed with kinetin at concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg.L-1) and its symbol (K0, K1, K2. It was a split-plot factorial experiment (2*3*3) with three replicates using a Complete Randomized Blocks Design (R.C.B.D).Pinching was the main plot and paclobetrazole, kinetin, and their interactions were the subplot in each replication with 18 treatments and five plants per experimental unit (one plant per pot). The averages were compared using the Least Significant Difference L.S.D test at the 5% level, and the results showed excelled of edging on without pinching in the traits of the leaf area (587.75 cm2) and the number of flowering inflorescences (3.33 inflorescences.plant-1), The treatment of paclobetrazole with a concentration of (1 g.L-1) excelled in plant height (17.15 cm), leaf area (346.17 cm2), length of internodes (1.94 cm), and number of inflorescences (2.7 inflorescences. plant-1). While the treatment of kinetin with a concentration of (100 mg.L-1) excelled in length of the internodes (1.66 cm), the diameter of the flower (3.13 cm), while the treatment of Kinetin with a concentration of (50 mg.L-1) excelled in leaf area (630.20 cm2).
The Effect of Nano-Fertilization and Tube Size on the Vegetative Growth and Yield Characteristics of Two Strawberry Cultivars
Authors: Yassin Salma Kh. , Abdulrahman Ayyub Juma , Abdulrahman Harith Burhan Al-Din
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted in the unheated plastic house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping / College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit in the agricultural season 2021-2022. To study the effect of nano-fertilization at a concentration of 0, 1.5, 3 g, and planting with different sizes of plastic tubes with a diameter of 4, 6, and 8 inches on the vegetative growth and yield characteristics of two strawberry varieties, Fragaria ananassa Duch, Rubygem and Albion. The results showed that there were significant differences between the studied factors, as the tube was superior. 8 inch in the characteristic of the average number of leaves, as it reached 18.00 leaf plant-1, total chlorophyll reached 47.35 SPAD, the yield per plant reached 567.31 gm plant-1, and the yield of the plastic house reached 2297.6 kilograms of plastic house-1. While the two tubes exceeded 6 inch and 8 inch in A number of traits studied, including plant length, which reached 14.56 cm and 14.75 cm, respectively, and the area of one leaf, which reached 46.72 cm2 and 47.06 cm2, respectively, while the total area amounted to 285.63 cm2 and 275.16 cm2, respectively. The cultivar Albion was significantly superior to the cultivar Rubygem in the average plant length of 13.67 cm, in the average number of leaves amounting to 12.78 leaf plant-1, in the proportion of dry matter in the leaves amounted to 49.88%, in the yield of one plant amounted to 414.08 gm plant-1, and the yield of the greenhouse It reached 1677.03 kilograms of plastic house-1, while the foliar spraying with nano-fertilizer was significantly superior to spraying with a concentration of 3 g L-1 in the total chlorophyll content of the leaves and reached 45.61 SPAD, the yield of one plant was 546.62 gm plant-1, and the yield of the greenhouse reached 2213.82 kilograms of house. Plastic-1, while the concentration exceeded 1.5 gm L-1 in the average number of leaves, which reached 13.83 plant leaves-1.
Study on the Cultivation of ‘Marcela’ and ‘Timijan’ Thyme Varieties in the NFT System
Authors: Ali Jailawi Asmaa , Drăghici Elena Maria
Published: November 2023

The research was done in the Hortinvest greenhouses, which belong to the Quality Research Center Control of Agri-food Products, Faculty of Horticulture, UASMV - Bucharest. Two varieties of Thyme were studied, ‘Marcela’ and ‘Timijan’. Seedlings for the establishment of culture in the NFT system. Insignificant discrepancies between the two research groups’ results were found at the height of the thyme plants. Years 2020, 2021, between the Marcela, Timijan, and control varieties of thyme, and the control variation regarded as the average of the experiments, respectively. The height of the wild thyme plants (Thymus vulgaris) in 2020 was higher for the Timijan variety (37.5 cm) compared to the Marcela variety (34.55 cm). In 2021, in the case of both varieties, the height of the plants was lower compared to that of 2020, i.e. of 31.83 cm for the Timijan variety and of 30.87 cm for the Marcela variety. The average for the two years of crops (2020-2021) was found to be for the plant height of 34.67 cm for the Timijan variety and of 32.71 cm for the Marcela variety. After 30 days from planting in the NFT system, as an average for two years of testing, the fresh wild thyme plants had average weights between 179.7 g for the Timijan variety and 176.9 g for the Marcela variety. We found that in 2020, the plants had a higher average weight compared to 2021. In 2021, the average weight obtained was of 186.25 g for the Marcela variety and of 183.84 g for the Timijan variety. during two years (2020 and 2021) are valuable due to their biochemical composition in the leaves, as well as in the leaves and inflorescences, and can be advised to be grown in the NFT system.
Effect of the Ergostim and Amino Acids on some Chemical Properties and Yield of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under Protected Cultivation
Authors: Al-Nassrallah Rakhaa Shakir Mohammed , Al-Asadi Ahmed Dinar Khalaf
Published: November 2023

To investigate the impact of spraying with Ergostim and amino acids on certain chemical traits and yield of Capsicum annuum under protected cultivation and the cultivation of the hybrid cultivar Barbarian, an experiment was conducted in one of the unheated greenhouses at the research station of the College of Agriculture and Marshes / University of Thi Qar, Al-Mustafawiya in the academic year 2021–2022. (1, 2, and 3) ml L-1 and three concentrations of amino acids (0, 2, and 4) ml L-1 by using complete randomized block design with three replicates. The averages of the coefficients of erogostim were compared according to the Least Significant Differences (LSD) test at the probability level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that Spraying the nutrient solution ergostim at a concentration of (3 ml L-1), had a significant effect by increasing the number of flowers, the percentage of fruit set, the average yield of one plant, vitamin C and the cayenne substance Capsaicin where rates were recorded (517.5 flowers plant -1, 98.93%, 4395 gm plant-1, 105.91 mg 100 gm-1, and 2.80 mg kg-1), respectively. As for the amino acids, the concentration (4 ml liter-1) achieved the highest levels, reaching (411.5 flower plant-1, 94.40%, 4089 gm plant-1, 103.60 mg 100 gm-1 and 2.73 mg kg-1) respectively.
Effect of Foliar Spraying with Boron and Brassinolide on the Growth and Flowering of Gladiolus
Authors: Sadiq S. M.
Published: November 2023

Experiments were run in a greenhouse at the University of Baghdad’s College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences to examine the impact of foliar spraying with boron and brassinolide on gladiolus development and blooming. Using a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD), a factorial experiment was conducted. The treatment with B4bl3 showed the greatest improvement in terms of plant height (90.75 cm), number of leaves (10.67 leaves), leaf area (125.83)dm2, chlorophyll content in leaves (54.33) mg.g-1, dry weight (58.17 g), number of corms (7.33 corms), corm diameter (4.800 cm), and corm weight (58.17 g). The number of flowers produced (9.67) and the length of time they last in a vase (14.67) were also improved upon. The flowering period was shortened from 75.00 days to 14.67 days.
The Relationship Between Plumage Color, Genetic Group and Their Interaction on Quail’s Performance
Authors: Ibrahim Firas Khaleel , Al-Neemy Majid Ahmed Sabri
Published: November 2023

The goal of this study is to identified the relationship between plumage color (white and brown), genetic group (Ukrainian and local) and their interaction on quail’s performance during their growth (1-6 weeks) and production (up to 8 weeks) periods. The study was conducted at Nineveh Research Department/Agricultural Research Office. The results for the growth period demonstrated that the Ukrainian quail was superior to the local quail for each of the characteristics of body weight, weight gain, feed consumption and Feed conversion ratio. The FC and FCR both increased significantly for the brown quail over the white quail for all weeks of the experiment, while the weekly weight gain fluctuated between the two colors. The brown quail also had a significant increase in body weight over the white quail. For the majority of the experiment’s weeks, the brown and white Ukrainian quail outperformed the brown and white local birds in most of the qualities being studied. During the production period, the Ukrainian quail’s FCR (g feed / g egg mass) and age at first egg’s lay were significantly lower than those of the local quail, The Ukrainian quail significantly outweighed the local quail in terms of the hen weight at first egg, first egg weight, the number, and weight of eggs produced during 8 weeks, eggs mass, eggs number/ female, hatching %, fertility %, and the hatching from the fertility %. The characteristics above did not appear to be affected by the white or brown plumage color, in comparison to local white and brown quail, the age at first egg and the FCR (g feed/g egg mass) were significantly lower in Ukrainian white and brown quail. Except for egg weight and food consumption /bird, all of the aforementioned variables were significantly higher in the Ukrainian white and brown quails than in the local white and brown quails.
Preparation of Chitosan from Agaricus bisporus Brown Stems and Studying some Its Physicochemical and Functional Properties
Authors: Shahadha Abbas F. , Al-Aubadi Inas M. , Merzah Nazar R.
Published: November 2023

The stems of the brownAgaricus bisporusmushroom, which were obtained from the Al-Wadq mushroom farm / Baghdad, The chemical composition of the mushroom stems was estimated as the proportions of the mushroom components: moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates (91, 2.8, 0.25, 0.88, 5.07)% respectively. Chitin was extracted from the stemsofA. bisporusbrown mushrooms by chemical method using 2 M sodium hydroxide solution and 2% acetic acid. The percentage of chitin extracted from mushroom stems was 13.8%. Chitosan was prepared from the stems ofA. bisporusbrown using a 50% sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 100°C for 3 hours, and the percentage of chitosan in mushroom stems was 10.5%. The chitosan under study was identified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced from the stems ofA. bisporusbrown was 83%. The viscosity of mushroom stems chitosan was 40cP. When the viscosity was estimated by dissolving chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution, the molecular weight of mushroom stems chitosan was 46.922 kDa. The stems chitosan was distinguished by its high solubility in 1% acetic acid solution, reaching 90%.
Effect of Adding Taurine and Vitamin C on Physiological Performance and Antioxidant State of Broiler Chickens During Summer Season
Authors: Al-Qaisy Noor Emad Abd , Saied Zaed Mohammed
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted in animal production farm during in Collage Agriculture - University of Anbar during to aimed to study the effect of effect of adding taurine and vitamin C on physiological performance of broiler chickens during summer season. 180 one day unsexed hatched chicks will distributed into five treatments with three replicates for each treatment, as the following T1, control treatment, T2 adding 300 mg of vitamin C / kg diet, T3, T4 and T5 adding 300, 600 and 900 mg of taurine / kg diet respectively. The results showed there is no significant effect of adding taurine and vitamin C on total protein, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, glucose and Triglycerides as well as the addition of taurine and vitamin C to diet caused a significant decreased in AST, ALT and MDA compared with control treatment. AST enzyme level was 5.493 U/L in T1 compared with 4.630, 4.677, 4.387 and 4.234 U/L while the ALT level was 6.433 U/L and decreased to 3.933, 5.027, 4.033 and 3.383 U/L in T2-T5, respectively as well as MDA concentration was 0.1504 and 0.1127 and decreased to 0.0853 in T3 and 0.0968 in T4 and the highest decreased was in T5 treatment 0.0868.
The Effect of Substituting De-Hulled Sunflower Meal Instead of Soybean Meal with or Without Adding Xylanase Enzyme to the Ration on Productive Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks
Authors: Al-molah Mohammed Ibrahim , Kloor Ibrahim Said
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing de-hulled sunflower meal (Dh-SFM) with soybean meal (SBM) by (0, 33, 66 and 100)% as a protein source in diets with or without the addition of xylanase on productive performance and some Characteristics of broiler carcasses. Where he used (360) unsexed broiler chicks (Ross-308), distributed randomly in a two-factor experiment (4×2) into eight treatments, in each treatment three replications, with (15) chicks for each replicate, homogeneous in weights. and for a period lasted (42) days. The results showed that the replacement of de-hulled sunflower meal by (33%) did not significantly affect the live body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion factor and the percentage of dressing compared with the control treatment. While a significant deterioration (P≤0.05) was observed in all of these traits when the substitution level was increased to 66 and 100%. The results also showed that the partial substitution treatment (33% Dh-SFM with xylanase enzyme) did not differ significantly from the negative and positive control treatments in live body weight, weight gains, feed conversion factor, and the relative weight of the gizzard. While a significant decrease (P≤0.05) was observed for the partial and total substitution treatments (66 and 100% Dh-SFM with or without xylanase enzyme) in live body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion factor, and carcass characteristics, with an increase in relative weight compared with the control treatment.
A comparative Study of Blood Physiological Characteristics in Common Carp Fish Reared in Earthen Ponds in Different Locations at the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Central Iraq
Authors: Aliwi Akram Haider , Attee Raaed Sami , Abbas Luay Mohmad
Published: November 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of showing the effect of location and water quality on the blood and physiological characteristics of Common Carp fish. This study was carried out in four different sites in central Iraq for the period from 1/June 2022 to 30/November 2022, where the sites of Dujail and Suwayrah at the Tigris River were used, and the sites of Fallujah and Al-Mahawel at the Euphrates River. 120 fish were collected from the four sites, 30 fish for each site, and some traits were measured. The physiology of fish blood represented by the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, compacted blood volume, and hemoglobin concentration. The findings revealed that there were very substantial changes in the amount of compressed blood, the number of red and white blood cells, and the number of red and white blood cells between the Dujail and Fallujah locations, as it recorded 2.0 cells × 10 6 / mm3 and 32.8 cells × 10 3 / mm3 and 38.4 cells, respectively, in the Dujail site, and it recorded 1.8 cells × 10 6 / mm3. mm 3 and 30.9 cells × 10 3 / mm 3 and 37.3, respectively, in the Fallujah site, while there were no significant differences between the sites of Al-Suwaira and Al-Mahaweel. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in hemoglobin concentration between Dujail, Suwaira and Fallujah, as it recorded 12.0, 11.1 and 9.0, respectively. While there were no significant differences between the site of Al-Suwaira and Al-Mahaweel in hemoglobin concentration.