bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging for Totally Video-Guided Thorascopic Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jiang Qin , Huang Keli , Yin Lixue , Zhang Bo , Wang Yiping , Hu Shengshou
Published: May 2024

Totally video-guided thorascopic cardiac surgery (TVTCS) represents one of the most minimally invasive access routes to the heart. Its feasibility and safety can be guaranteed by an experienced surgeon with skilled operative techniques under the guidance of a video signal via thoracoscopy and the imaging from transesophageal echocardiography. At present, this surgical approach has been applied for atrioventricular valve disease, atrial septum defects plus and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, cardiac tumors, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, aortic valve disease, and atrial fibrillation. Multimodality cardiovascular imaging, including echocardiography, X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac catheterization, provides morphologic characteristics and function status of the cardiovascular system and a comprehensive view of the target anatomy. In this review, the benefits of multimodality cardiovascular imaging are summarized for the clinical practice of TVTCS, including the preoperative preparation, intraoperative guidance and postoperative supervision. The disease categories are also individually reviewed on the basis of multimodality cardiovascular imaging, to ensure the feasibility and safety for TVTCS. Cardiovascular imaging technologies not only confirm who is a candidate for this surgical technique, but also provide technical support during the procedure and for postop follow to assess the clinical outcomes. Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is instrumental to provide the requirements to solve the problems for conduction of TVTCS; and to provide individualized protocols with high-resolution and real-time dynamic imaging fusion.
Surgical Treatment Strategy of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Wang Peihe , Huang Yu , Sun Lu , Han Zhen
Published: May 2024

Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is a common type of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), particularly in cases of left heart valve disease. Historically, cardiac surgeons have not placed much emphasis on FTR and instead focused primarily on managing left heart valve disease. However, as research has progressed, it has become evident that severe TR significantly impacts the prognosis of heart valve surgery. Furthermore, significant improvements in postoperative cardiac function and quality of life have been observed when addressing the tricuspid valve alongside left heart disease management. This article aims to review current approaches for and timing of the surgical management of FTR while also analyzing the limitations of existing tricuspid surgical strategies.
Powers of the Prikazes in the financial and administrative spheres in the Moscow state of the 17th century
Authors: Migda Natalia
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the activities of public administration bodies in the administrative and financial spheres on the example of the Prikaz of the Grand Palace, the Yamsky Prikaz and the Prikaz of the Grand Treasury. The reasons and consequences of tax and financial reform in the Moscow state in the 17th century are considered.
Life and creativity of Haji Molla Mahammad Nakhchivani, a great representative of the 19th century
Authors: Ibrahimov Sabuhi
Published: May 2024

The article studies the life and work of Haji Molla Mahammad Nakhchivani, who is important for the study of manuscripts about Nakhchivan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which are still unknown to the scientific community. Based on the research, it was determined how rich and comprehensive the creative activity of H.M. Nakhchivani is. Also, along with the structural analysis of these works, which are a valuable product of his intense creative work, it was determined that their palaeographic features are even more scientific for the modern period.
Analyzing the Impact of Explicit and Implicit Cognitive Constructs on NVIQ Test Performance
Authors: Lancaster Hope Sparks , Milne Alice , Gordon Katherine , Emerson Samantha N. , Selin Claire
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders historically have lower and more unstable nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) scores compared to their typical peers. Herein, we posited that the intrinsic characteristics of the tests themselves, specifically the cognitive constructs they assess, might explain both the lower scores and variability across tests and over time. Using a qualitative approach, we examined how the explicit and implicit constructs are tapped on NVIQ tests and how these constructs compare across tests.Methods: Current editions of seven NVIQ tests were selected based on their use in clinic and research settings. Qualitative codes of constructs were determined through iterative development amongst SLPs and researchers. Codes focused on aspects of cognition most impacted in highly prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions, specifically attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and developmental language disorder. Results: We identified four main constructs across the tests which can impact measures of NVIQ in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. These constructs were attention, pattern learning, receptive language, and working memory. NVIQ tests differ qualitatively on these four constructs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the explicit and implicit constructs on NVIQ tests may explain why children with neurodevelopmental disorder have lower and more unstable NVIQ test scores compared to peers. We provide recommendations for use of NVIQ tests with neurodevelopmental disorder populations. We encourage SLPs and researchers to use our results to guide test interpretation and selection.
Randomization of the Earth's magnetic field driven by magnetic helicty
Authors: Bershadskii Alexander
Published: May 2024

It is shown, using results of numerical simulations and geomagnetic observations, that the spatial and temporal randomization of the Earth's global and local magnetic fields is driven by magnetic helicity (ideal magnetohydrodynamic invariant). In the frames of the distributed chaos notion, the magnetic helicity determines the degree of magnetic field randomization and the results of numerical simulations are in quantitative agreement with the geophysical observations despite the considerable differences in the scales and physical parameters.
A Digital, Minority Stress-Focused Single-Session Intervention Benefits Multiply-Minoritized Sexual Minority Adolescents
Authors: Sotomayor Ian , Chang Ya-Wen , Szkody Erica , Fox Kathryn , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: May 2024

Objective. Leveraging data from a previously-conducted randomized trial, we examined whether Project RISE— a digital single-session intervention (SSI) focused on minority stress—was associated with equal improvements in levels of internalized stigma, identity pride, hopelessness, depression, and anxiety among White, sexual minority (SM), cisgender youth and racially and ethnically minoritized (REM), SM, and gender minority (GM) youth. We also tested whether higher levels of social support moderated outcomes.Methods. Participants randomly assigned to the intervention were included (n = 261 adolescents 13 to 16 years old; M age = 15; 51% REM youth; 68% transgender/gender-diverse). Two-way MANCOVAs were conducted to examine potential group differences outcomes across timepoints (i.e., post-intervention, two-week follow-up), between individuals holding multiple minoritized identities versus one. Moderation analyses were used to investigate whether social support moderated RISE outcomes. Results. Identifying with multiple minoritized identities was associated with higher levels of identity pride immediately post-intervention, and identifying as a GM was associated with slightly greater identity pride post-intervention. Youth who endorsed GM identities reported higher levels of hopelessness, depression, and anxiety at two-week follow-up, relative to cisgender youth. No other differences emerged.Conclusions. Youth with multiple minoritized identities, and especially those who identified as a GM, experienced significantly higher levels of identity pride following an online SSI targeting minority stress for LGBTQ+ teens. Results highlight the importance of applying an intersectional minority stress framework to online intervention design and considering social contexts (e.g., high versus low social support) when selecting treatments for youth with intersecting identities.
Prioritization of social content for episodic memory-guided decisions
Authors: Ghouse Ameer , Kaplan Raphael
Published: May 2024

Episodic memory helps facilitate navigation of the social world. Yet, whether social content is prioritized when making decisions involving episodic memory is unclear. Testing whether social elements are prioritized when retrieving multi-element episodes used for social and non-social decision-making, online volunteers encoded episode triplets comprising a location, activity, and a clique (i.e. social group) that related to a decision cue that was either a person or an object. Subsequent associative memory tests in all tasks revealed enhanced recall for activity pairings with cliques. Additionally, social decision task contexts further boosted recall of social event content linked to the same decision cue. Computational modeling of retrieval response times revealed that these effects were consistent with more holistic pattern completion-like retrieval of event triplets when recalling social content. These results imply that social content holds a privileged role over other event details in episodic memory, while offering a putative mechanism for social prioritization in episodic memory processes.
Speech development between 30 and 119 months in typical children III: Interaction between speaking rate and intelligibility
Authors: Mahr Tristan , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Earlier work has established developmental benchmarks for intelligibility and articulation rate, but the intersection of these two variables remains unexplored. This study examines the interaction between intelligibility and speaking rate in typically developing children between the ages 2;6 and 9;11 and evaluates whether children show a speed-accuracy tradeoff in their habitual speech production.Method: Speech samples of varying lengths were collected from 538 typically developing children. Intelligibility was measured as the number of words correctly transcribed by untrained adult listeners, and speaking rate was calculated in number of syllables per second. Regression models estimated the effects of age, utterance length, and speaking rate on intelligibility.Results: Intelligibility increased with age and decreased with utterance length. There was a trend for intelligibility to decrease with increased speaking rate, especially in longer utterances. At the individual level, most children had a negative effective of speaking rate on intelligibility. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that children’s speech is subject to a speed-accuracy tradeoff where increased speaking rate leads to reduced articulatory accuracy and hence reduced intelligibility. Further research is needed on how to apply this tradeoff in a clinical setting.
Drogadição como doença cerebral crônica recorrente: Uma genealogia da neuropolítica das drogas
Authors: Prazeres Gabriely Rosa dos , Maximino Caio
Published: May 2024

Health care for people who use drugs depends, to a large extent, on a sharing between legitimate and illegitimate uses and between drugs and medicines. In a genealogy of this sharing, we try to demonstrate how, from the emergence of biopolitics and its expansion in the 19th century, theoretical models and interventions related to drug use were based on a reductionist reading, placing the effect of a given substance on organic systems related to volition, reward and learning at the center of explanations. From the 1980s and 1990s onwards,the model of drug addiction as a chronic recurrent brain disease becomes hegemonic, recapitulating and deepening aspects present in 19th century theories. This model (and interventions motivated by it) has the effect of not only producing a division between legal and illegal drugs, but also the racialization of drug policies, producing medicalization for white people and psi-legal gears for non-white people. We point out how, in addition to representing a “bastardization” of neurobiological research, these simplistic models support a “neuropolitics” that positions ways of relating to substances and points to the individual as the locus of intervention. A critical neurobiology of drug addiction is necessary, but not sufficient, to overcome this process.
The EU’s role in restructuring post-crisis global governance
Authors: Cinciripini Luca
Published: May 2024

This policy paper addresses the European Union’s (EU) role in restructuring global governance in the aftermath of two significant crises: the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The document explores the interconnected crises and their impact on the international system, assesses the responses of international institutions, and formulates actionable policy recommendations for the EU. The goal is to enhance the EU’s effectiveness in responding to global crises, reinforce its resilience, and contribute to the reform of the global governance system.
Future Direction of Teaching and Learning Module in Nepal
Authors: Rai Man Kumar
Published: May 2024

This paper studies shift of physical class adopting Information and Communication Technology in teaching and learning activities in Nepal. Integration of ICT in academic activities changes the traditional teaching model ignoring teacher centered method into effective student-centered method. It as qualitative research employed semi-structured online interviews with secondary students, teachers and parents through Facebook messenger, telephone call, personal interview and Zoom class observation. Documentary analysis provided a ground for the analysis of data gathered through interviews and observations. This paper reports on how online mode of learning would be effective pointing out collaborating learning environment, easy access to materials and in terms of time saving. Moreover, use of ICT in academic activities changes teacher-centered teaching and learning environment into student-centered environment. ICT skills of teachers, poor ICT infrastructure and government policies have been pointed out as hurdles for virtual classes. However, integration of ICT in academic activities is demand of the time. Findings suggest that the use of ICT in academic activities will be effective way of teaching and learning activities in coming days in Nepal. Moreover, online classes can benefit students who are from marginalized, disadvantaged communities and who have no easy access to schools.
Exploring Sri Kṛṣṇa Līlā and Nature's Union in the Śrimad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa
Authors: Pokhrel Mohan Kumar
Published: May 2024

The Śrimad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa explores the union of characters in the narrative, highlighting the intrinsic relationship between Sri Kṛṣṇa līlā (the divine acts of Sri Kṛṣṇa ) and the natural world as depicted in this sacred text. One of the distinctive features of the Śrimad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa is the seamless integration of characters, both human and divine, with the natural world. The major objectives of this study are to explicate the characters of the Śrimad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa manifesting Sri Kṛṣṇa līlā to Nature; to analyze the union of characters relating to Sri Kṛṣṇa līlā to Nature in the text; and to evaluate the union of characters in connection to Nature in the Śrimad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa. The analysis of the epic is based on the theory of Baruch Spinoza on Nature. The theorist sees God in the objects of Nature. Interpretative method is the way of study in this article. The conclusion drawn from this investigation is that union of characters in the Śrimad Bhāgavata Mahāpurāṇa shows sameness between Sri Kṛṣṇa līlā and Nature. The union of characters in this scripture serves as a powerful reminder of the inseparable bond between humanity, divinity, and the exquisite tapestry of nature, inviting devotees to experience the transcendental bliss of SriKṛṣṇa lila while recognizing the sacredness of the environment that evolves.
Transnational Mobiles in Bhramar and Dak Bangala
Authors: Timalsina Ramji
Published: May 2024

This article has discussed the Nepali transnational mobiles as the characters in two of the early Nepali novels written by the Indian Nepali novelists. In the early twentieth century when India referred to British India that covered present India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar (Burma), Nepali people used to migrate there in search of works and opportunities. When they left home, they thought to return after certain earnings. But the life was not so easy, and finally most of them stranded in life never to reach anywhere. Rupnarayan Singh’s Bhramar (1970/1936) and Shivakumar Rai’s Dak bangala (2020/1957) have used such Nepali transnational mobiles as the characters. These characters have always been found in the transition as they are wanderers without any fixed place to settle and feel the peace of mind. Mobility is their common quality. The analysis has been based on Janine Dahinden and Steven Vertovec’s idea of transnationalism. They have termed the cross-border migrants who never get permanently settled in the hostland as the transnational mobiles. This article has picked up such characters from both of the novels and discussed their life, culture, mentality and conditions of existence. This article can be a sample for further analysis of Nepali novels from transnational perspective.
पागल कवितामा सीमान्तीय आवाज
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari अनिल Anil , रेग्मी Regmi रेखा Rekha
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख पागल कवितामा अभिव्यञ्जित सीमान्तीय आवाज र त्यसको समाधानका प्रतिरोध, प्रभुत्व र सत्तासम्बन्ध तथा प्रतिरोध प्रस्तुतिको प्रयोजनजस्ता विषयगत शोध्यप्रश्नका आधारमा समस्यासमाधान केन्द्रित छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि र पाठविश्लेषण ढाँचामा तयार हुने यस लेखमा विश्लेषणात्मक विधि तथा बेलायती सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन सैद्धान्तिक आधार हो । नेपाली समाजमा विद्यमान सामन्तवादी व्यवस्था तथा सत्ताबाट शक्तिप्राप्त गर्ने मानसिकता बोकेका बुद्धिजीवीले निर्माण र प्रसार गर्ने ज्ञानमा रहेको विभेदकारी परिस्थिति पागल कवितामा अभिव्यक्त भएको छ । प्रस्तुत कवितामा असमान र विभेदकारी सामाजिक संरचनामा सत्ताले अख्तियार गरेको हिंसा, शोषण र विभेदको नीति तथा त्यसबाट किनाराका समुदायमाथि सिर्जना गर्ने दमनकारी प्रभुत्वको प्रस्तुति भएको छ । सत्ताको दमनकारी नीतिका कारण संत्रस्त बनेको सीमान्त समुदायको सत्तासँगको सम्बन्ध द्वन्द्वात्मक रहेको विषय प्रस्तुत भएको छ । यस कवितामा सत्ता र यसले उत्पादन गरेको ज्ञानको वैधानिकतालाई पुष्टि गर्नका लागि दमनको नीतिलाई उपयुक्त ठह¥याउने विचारधारात्मक संस्कृतिको विभेदकारी प्रतिनिधित्वको प्रक्रियालाई अवैधानिक र मानवविरोधी ठान्ने प्रतिरोधको प्रस्तुति भएको छ । सत्ताले अधिनस्थमाथि कानुनी र विचारधारात्मक एकाइको उपस्थितिमा दमनकारी भाष्यको निर्माण गरी किनारीकृतका आवाजलाई दमन गर्ने सामाजिक संरचनाको भाष्यप्रति खबरदारी गर्दै सीमान्तको आवाज बुद्धिजीवीले गर्ने तथा बुद्धिजीवी सदैव सत्ताविरोधी रहने अन्तर्वस्तु पागल कविताले प्रस्तुत गरेको विषयमा विमर्श भएको छ ।
अग्नि महाकाव्यमा जातीय सबाल्टर्न तथा शैक्षणिक उपयोगिता
Authors: नेपाल Nepal शक्तिराज Shakti Raj
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख सबाल्टर्न सिद्धान्तका आधारमा अग्नि महाकाव्यको विश्लेषण गर्ने विषयमा केन्द्रित छ । एन्टोनियो ग्राम्सीबाट अवधारणीकृत तथा रञ्जित गुहा र गायत्री चक्रवर्तीद्वारा प्रतिपादित एवम् वर्णित सबाल्टर्न सिद्धान्तका आधारमा अभिजात र शोषित वर्ग तथा जातिको पहिचान गरी प्रस्तुत लेखमा अग्नि महाकाव्यले प्रस्तुत गरेको दलित जातिको सबाल्टर्न स्थितिलाई केलाइएको छ । अग्नि महाकाव्यमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको दलित जातिको पहिचान, प्रतिनिधित्व र प्रतिरोधको स्थितिलाई समस्याका रूपमा लिई समष्टिगत रूपमा जातीय सबाल्टर्नको संज्ञा दिई विश्लेषण गर्नु प्रस्तुत लेखको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । गुणात्मक अध्ययन पद्धतिमा आधारित प्रस्तुत लेखमा विषयवस्तु विश्लेषण (Content Analysis) विधिका आधारमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । अग्नि महाकाव्यलाई प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा सङ्कलन गरिएको प्रस्तुत लेखमा जातीय सबाल्टर्नभित्र शिक्षाको आधार, कर्मको आधार, परम्पराको आधार, धर्मको आधार, सिपको आधार तथा सम्पत्तिको आधारलाई विश्लेषणको उपकरण बनाइएको छ । उक्त विश्लेषणपश्चात् कामी (विश्वकर्मा) जाति अशिक्षित भएका कारण सबाल्टर्न बनाइएको, सनातन परम्पराका कारण मन्दिरमा कामी जातिलाई भित्र पस्न नदिएको, आरनमा काम गर्ने वा आगोसँग काम गर्ने तथा हतियार उत्पादन गर्ने कर्म गरेका आधारमा कामीलाई सबाल्टर्न बनाइएको, सनातन हिन्दू धर्मको शैलीको प्रभावका कारण कामीलाई घर तथा स्कुलभित्र पस्न नदिएको, उसले छोएको नखाई भुइँमा फ्याँकिदिएको, तथा गरिब भएकै कारण कामी जाति सबाल्टर्न बनेको जस्ता कुराको निष्कर्ष निर्माण भएको छ । दलित जातिको किनारीकृत पक्षलाई मुख्य आधार बनाई सिर्जना गरिएको उक्त अग्नि महाकाव्यले नेपाली समाजको विभेदजन्य स्थितिलाई प्रस्तुत गरेकाले उक्त आधारमा सीमान्तीकृत वर्ग, जाति, पेसा, लिङ्ग तथा समुदायको पहिचान र सामाजिक संरचनाको अध्ययन गर्नका लागि प्रस्तुत लेखको उपयोगिता रहेको छ ।
Orbital Infections and Infestations - A Narrative Review
Authors: Kaur Apjit , Ankita
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Orbital infections and infestations present with varying clinical presentations and incidences ranging from benign ocular condition to disseminated systemic disease. The diagnosis is often difficult initially, due to similar ocular presentations.
Materials and methods: This review was compiled using articles available on PubMed using key words like orbital infections, orbital cellulitis, orbital infestations, orbital tuberculosis, orbital fungal infections. Clinical experience in presentation and management at our centre was also included. 
Results: The varied presentations, management, complications and follow-ups have been summarised in this review. 
Conclusion: As the management is cause-specific, thus lies the importance of early accurate diagnosis, both clinical and radiological. This article aims to review existing literature on orbital infections and infestations for aiding in early accurate diagnosis and management.
Bilateral Optic Neuritis in a Patient with Enteric Fever: A Case Report
Authors: Chhetri Sundip Dware , Vaidya Keepa , Lamichhane Suman , Rajbhandari Sudeep Lal , Katwal Shailendra
Published: May 2024

Background: Bilateral optic neuritis following enteric fever is a rare condition requiring early evaluation by an ophthalmologist and prompt treatment for visual rehabilitation.
Case: A 31-year-old female diagnosed with enteric fever presented to the Neuro-ophthalmology department with sudden painful loss of vision in both eyes for 10 days. 
Observations: Her Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) was counting fingers close to face in left eye and 6/18 in right eye. Posterior segment examination showed blurring of disc margin on both eyes. On Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain and orbit there was mild thickening of retro-orbital portions of both optic nerves. She was started on steroid therapy which resulted in marked improvement of vision in both eyes.
Conclusion: Optic neuritis following enteric fever is a rare entity and requires early diagnosis with prompt treatment for improvement of visual acuity and prevention of visual impairment.
Patient Safety in Eye Care Organisations
Authors: Zamindar Samina
Published: May 2024

Not available.
Relationship between Financial Literacy and Student’s Stock Market Participation
Authors: Acharya Aaditya , Hamal Janga Bahadur
Published: May 2024

Many studies have investigated the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation. However, there are limited studies regarding the association between students’ financial literacy level and stock market participation in Nepal. So, the study is aimed to discover the relationship between students’ financial literacy level and their stock market participation. The study has explored gender as moderating variable. The independent variable: financial literacy is further classified into basic financial literacy and advance financial literacy, whereas the dependent variable is stock market participation. For data collection, a structured questionnaire was distributed among 144 students, out of which 134 students represent the sample size. Undergraduate students of ward 16 of Kathmandu metropolitan city were the study population, which is 3,040. Thus, the required sample size was only 97 using the Yamane equation. The descriptive and relational research designs were used in the study. The statistical tools used for data analysis were Mann- Whitney U test, and Spearmen rank correlation analysis. The finding concludes that financial literacy level and student’s stock market participation are positively associated with each other. Further, the finding shows that gender has no moderating effect on financial literacy level but has a significant effect on stock market participation level
Assessment of Student Satisfaction with Online Learning: A Case of Undergraduate Engineering Students
Authors: Shrestha Sanjila , Singh Daman Bahadur
Published: May 2024

The long-lasting and complicated pandemic situation has forced educational institutions to shift online. However, assessing learner satisfaction is extremely important for the effective implementation of online learning. This study examines factors that influence satisfaction regarding online classes during the pandemic period of COVID – 19. For this quantitative study, data were collected from 99 undergraduate engineering students of Tribhuvan University. A standardized structured questionnaire was designed to evaluate student satisfaction covering two significant predictors of students’ satisfaction; Instructor Performance and Interaction, and dissimilated through google forms. The research design embraced in the study consists of descriptive, relational, and casual research designs. And data were analyzed using SPSS using various tools such as mean, median, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, correlation, regression, etc. The findings revealed that instructor performance and interaction have a significant positive relationship and impact students’ satisfaction in an online learning environment. The study further revealed that students are not satisfied with present online learning tools and techniques. Additionally, they recommend using a new learning and problem-solving approach compared to traditional methods to make online learning less complex and more effective.
Effect of Market Information on Student’s Investment Behavior
Authors: Gupta Prakash , Upadhyay Basudev
Published: May 2024

The study focuses on analyzing the effect of market information on students’ investment behavior in the stock market by employing a sample size of 103 TU BBA students in Sorahkhutte. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing yes/no responses, multiple-choice questions, ranking questions, and Likert scale questions measured in different scales. The survey was conducted in the month of November 2021. One of the factors influencing investing behavior is market information. The research design embraced in the study were descriptive, relational, and causal research designs. Various tools used for data analysis were mean, median, standard deviation, Independent sample t-test, correlation, regression, etc. The study’s findings revealed that market information significantly affects students’ investment behavior in the Nepali stock market. The study will guide students and other investors to improve, exercise, and promote their investing strategy, planning, and procedures.
Effect of Intrinsic Motivation on Employee Performance: A Case of Cooperatives in Kageshwori Manohara Municipality
Authors: Subedi Sadhana , Ghimire Shiva Raj
Published: May 2024

Intrinsic motivation is one of the major tools to enhance employee performance in every sector. However, there has been less study regarding the case of the cooperative. Thus, the research study aims to investigate the effect of an intrinsic motivation scheme on employee performance in Kageshwori Manohara. The study’s specific objectives are: to identify the various types of non-monetary incentives and to find the effects of non-monetary incentives on employee performance. Alderfer’s ERG (Existence, Relatedness, and Growth) theory is used as a theoretical reference. Employee performance is taken as the dependent variable and intrinsic motivation as the independent variable, where intrinsic motivation is represented by recognition and career development. Data collection is done with the help of a structured questionnaire distributed among 120 students, out of which 104 students were taken as the final sample size. The research design embraced in the study consists of descriptive, relational, and casual research designs. Various tools used for data analysis were mean, median, standard deviation, correlation, and regression. The study concluded that career development and recognition have a positive and significant relationship with employee performance. Further, the study showed that cooperative employees are happy and satisfied with intrinsic motivation practices of their cooperative.
THE THEORY OF WELFARE ECONOMICS AND TAX REGULATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMPLE OF PIGOUVIAN TAXES
Authors: Błaszczak Barbara
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the impact of the economic theories and empirical studies on the contemporary tax laws and regulations in numerous jurisdictions, based on a case study of the economic concept of Pigouvian taxes which stems from the neoclassical theory of welfare economics. The author presents the theoretical concept of the Pigouvian taxation and its econometric verification and tries to demonstrate that the empirical examples of the implementation of such fiscal instruments have proved to be effective based on the quantitative assessment. However, serious deficiencies in the methodology of empirical studies on this phenomenon can also be identified, which affects the possibility of assessing the potential practical implications of introducing such mechanisms. Nevertheless, as the author demonstrates by referring to the World Bank data, the discussed concept significantly influences contemporary tax law in many countries and is a source of inspiration for many tax jurisdictions. The analysis carried out in this paper indicates that not every implementation and post-hoc evaluation of economic theory implemented into tax systems can be effectively studied with the use of economic analysis of law; when analysing regulations introduced to influence the behaviour of individuals, it is also necessary to take into account the research in other disciplines, for example psychology and sociology, even if the inspiration for the regulations in question was well-grounded and developed in economic theories. For this reason, it can be argued that economic analysis of law, also referred to as law and economics, although a valuable cognitive approach, should never be the only basis of analysis, even if a regulation in question has a strictly economic origin.
THE STORTING LEGISLATIVE PROCESS: PRAGMATISM OF SOLUTIONS AND THE QUALITY OF LAW
Authors: Osiński Joachim , Zawiślińska Izabela
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of changes in the internal structure of the Storting and nature of the legislative process on the quality of laws passed. The authors point out the essential elements of this process in the Storting, but also in the pre-parliamentary phase, defining the legislative process more broadly than is traditionally done. They also emphasize the importance of consensus in political culture and political pragmatism in making high-quality laws. Both of these features are present in Norwegian parliamentarism and are its distinguishing features compared to other European countries. The amendment to the Basic Law of the Kingdom of Norway in 2007 established a unicameral structure of the Storting on pragmatic grounds. Contrary to the fears of some researchers and politicians, this has not resulted in a decrease in the quality of legislation, especially in the provisions of laws. At the same time, it has put in order and streamlined the legislative process in parliament, giving deputies the opportunity to focus on other matters related to fulfilling their mandate as representatives. The unicameral Storting is nowadays, in the unanimous opinion of researchers, one of the most efficiently and effectively functioning parliaments in Europe in carrying out its functions.
La inteligencia artificial (IA) en TikTok: la plataforma habla sobre su uso
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Sidorenko-Bautista Pavel , Lacasa Pilar ,   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Matsumoto Mitsuko ,   Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
Published: May 2024

Today, TikTok is among the most widely used platforms globally. TikTok's utilization of AI is closely linked to its success. This idea is present in its users almost intuitively, but TikTok is opaque in describing how it is managed. In this paper, we look closely at what TikTok tells us about how the platform employs AI functionalities. We consulted its web pages and the bot embedded in TikTok's Business Center. The results show that TikTok is not entirely transparent about the algorithm that governs the "for you" section but acknowledges the use of generative AI in content generation, in collaboration with other partner tools such as CapCut.
The influence of food tax on island places
Authors: Younes Samer
Published: May 2024

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the primary cause of premature mortality in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), as well as in numerous other jurisdictions worldwide. The Pacific region has declared an NCD crisis and has recommended the implementation of food taxation policies to address the dietary risk factors associated with these diseases. However, the progress in this regard remains uncertain.The review focused on food taxation policies, including excise taxes and tariffs, that were implemented between 2000 and 2020 in 22 PICTs. The key characteristics of these policies were examined. The search for relevant information was conducted using databases, government legal repositories, and broad-based search engines. The identified documents for screening included legislation, reports, academic literature, news articles, and grey literature. Additionally, key informants from each PICT were contacted to gather further data and validate the findings. The results were analyzed through narrative synthesis. Out of the 22 PICTs included in the study, 14 had implemented food taxation policies, and 5 had introduced excise taxes. Processed foods, sugar, and salt were the primary targets of these excise taxes. A total of 84 changes in food taxation policies were identified across all food groups. Among these changes, a total of 279 taxes were identified based on food groups, with 85% being tariffs and 15% being excise taxes. The individual tax rates varied significantly. The most common tax design was ad valorem, followed by volumetric.
Exploring the Causes of Child Labour and its adverse Implications on Children's Education
Authors: Munir Sahibzada Aqil , Umer Rabia
Published: May 2024

This study looks at the various reasons why child work occurs as well as how it affects kids' schooling. Using a thorough literature analysis, the study explores the cultural, social, andeconomic aspects that contribute to the continued use of child labor across the world. It examines how cultural norms, poverty, and a lack of educational opportunities contribute to the continuation of this phenomena. This study Examined the detrimental effects on kids' education, such as decreased academic achievement, restricted access to educational materials, and higher dropout rates. The study also looks at possible legislative changes and intervention strategies to lessen child labor and protect kids' right to an education. This research is to educate methods for the prevention and elimination of child labor by illuminating the linked challenges and creating an environment that is favorable to children's holistic development.
Toxicity of several insecticides against fruit flies Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera carambolae (Drew and Hancock) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory
Authors: SUSANTO AGUS , NATAWIGENA WAHYU DARADJAT , SUMEKAR YAYAN , HIDAYATH ARIEF NASRULLAH
Published: May 2024

Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae are major pests of various commodities that could cause significant losses, if not controlled. Insecticide usage is a common control carried out by farmers. The test was conducted to determine the toxicity level of several types of insecticides on the mortality of two different fruit fly species. The fruit fly population used in the study came from the collection owned by Center for Forecasting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT), Karawang. The research method used was an experimental method with a Randomized Block Design. The test was carried out using the dry film method. The concentration ranges used were 0.02-1 ml/L fipronil insecticide, 0.01-0.6 ml/L ethion insecticide, 0.02-0.6 ml/L deltamethrin insecticide, and 0.02-0.8 ml/L lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The control treatment used was acetone alone. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Mortality was observed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Cumulative mortality at 48 hours after treatment was analyzed using probit to determine the LC50 and LC95 values ​​at 48 hours. The results showed that the insecticide deltamethrin was the most toxic insecticide to B. carambolae with an LC50 value of 0.025 ml/L and an LC95 of 0.646 ml/L. Ethion was the most toxic insecticide for B. dorsalis with LC50 values ​​of 0.046 ml/L and LC95 of 0.746 ml/L. The LC50 values ​​of all insecticide treatments for two different species were below the recommended concentrations.
Measurement of ultrasonic pulse arrival time by constructing a signal model to determine its propagation velocity
Authors: Bazulin E. G. , Krylovich A. A.
Published: May 2024

The paper considers several methods of measuring the arrival time of ultrasonic pulses. A method for determining the pulse arrival time based on the construction of a signal model with an adaptive dictionary and the search for the minimum of the target function by the quantum swarm intelligence method is proposed. The results of numerical and modeling experiments on measuring the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in various samples are presented. It is shown that the proposed method of determining the time of pulse arrival is more resistant to distortion of the echo waveform arising due to frequency-dependent attenuation in the material of the control object.
Features of application of adaptive interferometric fiber sensors of acoustic emission to monitor the condition of polymer composite materials
Authors: Romashko R. V. , Bashkov O. V. , Efimov T. A. , Bezruk M. N. , Bobruyko D. A. , Makarova N. V.
Published: May 2024

The results of an experimental study of the operation of fiber optic sensors (FOS) of acoustic emission introduced into the structure of polymer composite materials (PCM) are presented. The reliability and fault tolerance of FOS under critical mechanical loads on PCM was assessed, and the influence of the presence of FOS embedded into the structure of PCM on the mechanical characteristics of the material was investigated. For demodulation of FOS output signals, the principles of adaptive holographic interferometry based on two-wave mixing at dynamic hologram formed in a photorefractive crystal are used.
Molecular Model of Norfloxacin Translocation Through the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis OmpF Porin Channel
Authors: Chistyulin D. K. , Zelepuga E. A. , Novikov V. L. , Balaneva N. N. , Glazunov V. P. , Chingizova E. A. , Khomenko V. A. , Novikova O. D.
Published: May 2024

The interaction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis OmpF (YpOmpF) porin with the fluoroquinolone antibiotic norfloxacin (Nf) and its derivatives (mono- and dihydrochloride) was studied using methods based on the use of bilayer lipid membranes (BLM), molecular modeling, and antibacterial activity testing. Asymmetric behavior of charged Nf (NfH+1) and (Nf2H+2) molecules was found to move through the YpOmpF channel depending on the membrane voltage and the side of antibiotic addition. Electrophysiological data were confirmed by computer modeling. For charged forms of the antibiotic, the presence of two peripheral high-affinity binding sites (NBS1 and NBS2), as well as an asymmetric current blocking site near the channel constriction zone (NBS3), was detected. The NBS1 site located near the channel mouth has almost the same affinity for both charged forms of Nf, while the localization of the more energetically favorable NBS2 site for the two salt forms of the antibiotic differs significantly. Nf has only one binding site near the channel constriction zone, which is a cluster of sites with lower overall affinity compared to the peripheral binding sites mentioned above. Slight differences were found in the antibacterial activity of the three forms of Nf, which is likely due to their different charge states and, accordingly, different permeability and/or ability to bind within the YpOmpF channel.
TNFRSF12A mRNA Expression and distribution of TNFRSF12A+ cells in rat liver during thioacetamide-induced fibrogenesis
Authors: Lebedeva Elena I. , Shchastniy Anatoly T. , Babenka Andrei S.
Published: May 2024

TNFRSF12AmRNA expression and distribution of TNFRSF12A+ cells were studied in detail for the first time at different stages of fibrosis in rat liver. Under physiological conditions, the expression level ofTNFRSF12AmRNA was 0.224 (95% CI: 0.170–0.277). At the same time, cells expressing theTNFRSF12Amarker were practically absent. In bridging fibrosis, the first peak ofTNFRSF12AmRNA growth (p=0.000) and an increase in the area of TNFRSF12A+ cells (p=0.000) was established. The second peak (p=0.000) was detected during the process of transformation of fibrosis into cirrhosis. At the stage of incomplete cirrhosis, a sharp drop was noted. A subsequent increase in the expression ofTNFRSF12AmRNA and the area of TNFRSF12A+ cells was observed from the stage of significant cirrhosis. Immunohistochemical method revealed two groups of TNFRSF12A+ cells. In the sinusoidal capillaries TNFRSF12A+, the cells had a shape close to flat and resembled endotheliocytes, while in the fibrous connective tissue they were rounded. The number ofα-SMA+ cells increased gradually (p=0.000) before the onset of significant cirrhosis, and then there was a sharp increase (p=0.000).
Analysis of Parasitofauna and Endosymbionts of Lissotriton vulgaris L., 1758 (Caudata, salamandridae) in natural and urban gradients of the environment
Authors: Burakova А. V. , Berzin D. L. , Vershinin V. L.
Published: May 2024

The analysis of the parasitic and endosymbiontofauna of the common newt (Lissotriton vulgarisL., 1758) in the natural and urban landscapes of the Middle Urals is presented for the first time. Four species of helminthes belonging to the Nematoda type were found, including 1 taxon indeterminate to the species (Nematodasp.), and 1 species of endosymbionts (Chromista type). The works devoted to the species composition ofL.vulgarisparasites on the territory of Eurasia are analyzed. The fauna of the helminthes of the common newt on the eastern slope of the Urals is depleted, which is probably determined by the limited distribution of the species outside Europe, the temperature regime in the north and moisture availability in the south.
Effects of stearic acid on the cryotolerance of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) embryos
Authors: Brusentsev E. Yu. , Okotrub S. V. , Lebedeva D. A. , Okotrub K. A. , Rakhmanova T. A. , Amstislavsky1 S. Ya.
Published: May 2024

The current work aimed to study the effect of domestic cat (Felissilvestris catus) embryosin vitroexposure to saturated stearic acid (SA) and to evaluate how the change in lipid content affects the cryopreservation results. The addition of SA to the culture medium did not affect the development of cat embryosin vitrobefore cryopreservation. The total lipid amount in the SA-treated embryos was not changed as well. However, the lipid unsaturation degree was lower in embryos afterin vitroexposure to SA. Moreover, the lipid phase transition onset temperature (T*) was higher in SA-treated embryos as compared with controls. These changes of intracellular lipids unsaturation degree andT*were associated with the impairment of embryo cryopreservation effectiveness. The results obtained may be of importance for the applying Genome Resource Banking concept to the Felinae species.
Physiological and biochemical parameters of Erythrocytes in White Sea bearded seals Erignathus barbatus barbatus Erxleben, 1777 (Phocidae) across different age groups
Authors: Erokhina I. A.
Published: May 2024

A comparative study of some parameters of erythrocytes of bearded seals of different ages (3 years, 5 years, 10 years) was carried out. It has been established that with age, the resistance of erythrocyte membranes to hemolysis increases. During puberty, the intensity of glycolysis in the bearded seals erythrocytes increases and then decreases in adult animals. Differences in the content of potassium, calcium, magnesium in the erythrocytes of animals of the studied age groups are shown.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa SD Al-Madina Wonosobo
Authors: Ima Rahmatika Aza , Majid Abdul , Fatiatun
Published: May 2024

In this research, the author aims to investigate the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in forming the character of Al-Madinah Elementary School students, Wonosobo. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews with teachers and students, as well as document analysis related to the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. The study findings show that the independent learning curriculum has been implemented at the Al-Madinah Wonosobo Elementary School, but teachers experienced several obstacles in implementing it. Obstacles related to understanding revolve around a lack of understanding of the concept of "freedom to learn", the difficulty of changing old habits such as still using the lecture method. In the context of building student character, the Independent Curriculum can be implemented in various ways, one of which is a holistic approach, integration of national values, and student empowerment. It is recommended that this approach be implemented widely at the elementary school level as part of comprehensive and sustainable character education efforts.
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Brainstorming Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Alisya Rahma Siti , Ritonga Supardi
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the implementation of the brainstorming learning method in increasing students' interest in learning in the Class VII Islamic Religious Education subject at SMPN 06 Bengkalis. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis research approach. Data collection and processing of observation and interview data. The results of this research are that the implementation of the Brainstorming learning method in increasing students' interest in learning in the class VII Islamic Religious Education subject at SMPN 06 Bengkalis is still 65% which is in the figure range between 56% - 75% which is categorized as sufficient, meaning that the implementation of the Brainstorming learning method in increasing students' interest in learning in the class VII Islamic Religious education subject at SMPN 06 Bengkalis there are still several aspects that have not been implemented and the factors that are quite influential are that students are still shy about expressing opinions, there is a lack of participation students in group discussions and not all students can understand the teacher's explanation.