bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data preservation in high energy physics
Authors: Basaglia T. , Bellis M. , Blomer J. , Boyd J. , Bozzi C. , Britzger D. , Campana S. , Cartaro C. , Chen G. , Couturier B. , David G. , Diaconu C. , Dobrin A. , Duellmann D. , Ebert M. , Elmer P. , Fernandes J. , Fields L. , Fokianos P. , Ganis G. , Geiser A. , Gheata M. , Lopez J. B. Gonzalez , Hara T. , Heinrich L. , Hildreth M. , Herner K. , Jayatilaka B. , Kado M. , Keeble O. , Kohls A. , Naim K. , Lange C. , Lassila-Perini K. , Levonian S. , Maggi M. , Marshall Z. , Vila P. Mato , Mečionis A. , Morris A. , Piano S. , Potekhin M. , Schröder M. , Schwickerath U. , Sexton-Kennedy E. , Šimko T. , Smith T. , South D. , Verbytskyi A. , Vidal M. , Vivace A. , Wang L. , Watt G. , Wenaus T. ,   DPHEP Collaboration
Published: September 2023

Data preservation is a mandatory specification for any present and future experimental facility and it is a cost-effective way of doing fundamental research by exploiting unique data sets in the light of the continuously increasing theoretical understanding. This document summarizes the status of data preservation in high energy physics. The paradigms and the methodological advances are discussed from a perspective of more than ten years of experience with a structured effort at international level. The status and the scientific return related to the preservation of data accumulated at large collider experiments are presented, together with an account of ongoing efforts to ensure long-term analysis capabilities for ongoing and future experiments. Transverse projects aimed at generic solutions, most of which are specifically inspired by open science and FAIR principles, are presented as well. A prospective and an action plan are also indicated.
The b quark fragmentation fractions at LHCb and meson decays with heavy quark spectators
Authors: Dib C. O. , Kim C. S. , Neill N. A.
Published: September 2023

We study the current estimates of $$B_c\rightarrow B_s \pi $$

B
c

→

B
s

π

to extract the fragmentation fraction $$f_c/f_s$$

f
c

/

f
s

at the LHCb. A rather robust estimate of $$Br(B_c\rightarrow B_s \pi )$$

B
r
(

B
c

→

B
s

π
)

based on factorization and lattice results for the form factor gives $$f_c/f_s \sim 0.056$$

f
c

/

f
s

∼
0.056

with a 16% error. We also revisit the extraction of $$f_s/f_d$$

f
s

/

f
d

using $$B\rightarrow D\pi $$

B
→
D
π

instead of the theoretical cleaner but more suppressed channel $$B\rightarrow DK$$

B
→
D
K

. We also find a tension on the predictions of $$Br(B_c\rightarrow J/\psi \pi )$$

B
r
(

B
c

→
J
/
ψ
π
)

and $$Br(B_c\rightarrow B_s\pi )$$

B
r
(

B
c

→

B
s

π
)

considering the measurements of these modes at LHCb, and find that, within a 23% uncertainty, only the lower end of the current prediction range $$Br(B_c\rightarrow J/\psi )\sim 0.4\% - 1.7\%$$

B
r
(

B
c

→
J
/
ψ
)
∼
0.4
%
-
1.7
%

would be consistent with the LHCb measurements.
Multiscale micro-architecture of pore space in rocks: size, shape, deformation and accessibility determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)
Authors: Radlinski Andrzej P. , Blach Tomasz
Published: September 2023

A brief summary of the evolving applications of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to the microstructural research on geological materials in the last few decades is provided, including new developments and possible future directions. This is an account of authors’ view of the interplay between the technical development of SANS instrumentation, methodology and sample environments and the progress of research on the evolution of organic matter, gas adsorption and desorption, fluid transport in the pore space and the microstructure of rocks, based mostly on their own research interests.

Graphical abstract
Structure-Driven Representation Learning for Deep Clustering
Authors: Wang Xiang , Jing Liping , Liu Huafeng , Yu Jian
Published: September 2023

As an important branch of unsupervised learning methods, clustering makes a wide contribution in the area of data mining. It is well known that capturing the group-discriminative properties of each sample for clustering is crucial. Among them, deep clustering delivers promising results due to the strong representational power of neural networks. However, most of them adopt sample-level learning strategies, and the standalone data point barely captures its holistic cluster’s context and may undergo sub-optimal cluster assignment. To tackle this issue, we propose a Structure-driven Representation Learning (SRL) method by introducing latent structure information into the representation learning process at both the local and global levels. Specifically, a local-structure-driven sample representation strategy is proposed to approximate the estimation of data distribution, which models the neighborhood distribution of samples with potential structure information and exploits statistical dependencies between them to improve cluster consistency. A global-structure-driven cluster representation strategy is designed, where the context of each cluster is sufficiently encoded according to its samples (exemplar-theory) and corresponding prototype (prototype-theory). In this case, each cluster can only be related to its most similar samples, and different clusters are separated as much as possible. These two models are seamlessly combined into a joint optimization problem, which can be efficiently solved. Experiments on six widely-used datasets demonstrate the superiority of SRL over state-of-the-art clustering methods.
Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms: Biological Traits, Mechanisms, Risks, and Control Strategies
Authors: Song Lirong , Jia Yunlu , Qin Boqiang , Li Renhui , Carmichael Wayne W. , Gan Nanqin , Xu Hai , Shan Kun , Sukenik Assaf
Published: September 2023

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (CyanoHABs) impact lakes, estuaries, and freshwater reservoirs worldwide. The duration, severity, and spread of CyanoHABs have markedly increased over the past decades and will likely continue to increase. This article addresses the universal phenomena of cyanobacterial blooms occurring in many freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Based on analysis of ecophysiological traits of bloom-forming cyanobacteria and their interactions with environmental processes, we summarize and decipher the driving forces leading to the initiation, outbreak, and persistence of the blooms. Due to the coupling effects of eutrophication, rising CO2 levels and global warming, a multidisciplinary joint research approach is critical for better understanding the CyanoHAB phenomenon and its prediction, remediation, and prevention. There is an urgent need to evaluate and guide proper use of bloom control techniques at large scales, using science-based and environmentally friendly approaches.
Accelerated atherosclerosis in beta-thalassemia
Authors: Hurtado Julian , Sellak Hassan , Joseph Giji , Lewis Caitlin V. , Naudin Crystal R. , Garcia Sergio , Wodicka James Robert , Archer David R. , Taylor W. Robert
Published: September 2023

This work definitively shows for the first time that beta-thalassemia leads to accelerated atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that intravascular hemolysis is a prominent feature in beta-thalassemia and the resulting increases in free heme are mechanistically relevant. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-hemopexin therapy led to decreased free heme and atherosclerotic plaque area in both beta-thalassemia and phenylhydrazine-treated mice. Deferiprone-mediated iron chelation led to deceased plaque accumulation in beta-thalassemia mice but provided no additive benefit to hemopexin therapy.
Clinical Application of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Device for Safe and Secure IANB by Any Operator
Authors: Noguchi Tomoyasu , Odaka Kento , Fukuda Ken-ichi
Published: September 2023

The inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is an established technique with a success rate of 60–80%; however, large errors have been reported among operators. Some dentists do not prefer to use IANB because of the risk of complications. Nevertheless, it is a useful technique for pain control, and a secure IANB offers significant benefits to operators and patients. This case series study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the “IANB Device,” a nerve block guide for IANB, and the adverse events associated with its use in clinical practice. IANB was performed using the device on five patients who had undergone detailed computed tomography examination for chronic orofacial pain in the third division of the trigeminal nerve. Lidocaine 1% (1 mL, no adrenaline added) was used as the local anesthetic. IANB was performed by three dentists with 2, 5, and 11 years of experience in orofacial pain treatment. Thus, the data were collected in triplicate for each patient. The primary endpoints were whether adjustment of the IANB device was required, changes in the sensation threshold of the lower lip, the time to disappearance of pain, the presence or absence of tongue sensation (“Do you have numbness in your tongue?”: “Yes/No”), and discomfort (visual analog scale). The incidence of any other adverse events was recorded. The procedure was judged to be successful if the pain disappeared and an elevation in the sensation threshold of the lower lip was observed. Adjustment of the IANB device was not required in any patient. A significant elevation in the sensation threshold of the lower lip and the disappearance of pain were observed in all patients. Three of the five patients reported experiencing tongue numbness. Discomfort with the use of the IANB device was less than 30 mm on the visual analog scale. No notable complications were observed. The appropriate type, concentration, and dosage of the local anesthetic must be considered during general dental treatment and oral surgical procedures. Our findings suggest that the IANB device is useful for eliminating errors between operators, enhancing safety, and improving the success rate.
Preparedness of Dentists to Manage Anxiety in Developmentally Disabled Patients
Authors: Lynch Maura B. , Tepper Lynn M. , Chussid Steven , Bijoor Renuka
Published: September 2023

Background. Recently, the National Council on Disability urged the Commission on Dental Accreditation to require more thorough training in the care of developmentally disabled patients. Curricula is early in its development and its’ effectiveness is unknown. Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine if special needs dental education has had an impact on providers’ professional behavior, practice characteristics, attitudes, and confidence when treating these patients and managing their dental anxiety. Methods. A nonrandomized, noninterventional, and anonymous, Qualtrics survey was administered prospectively to members of one local and one national organization. Results. Of the 107 respondents (response rate of 81.06%), 89% treat special needs patients. Positive reinforcement (88.64%), distraction (85.23%), and enhancing control (85.23%) were the modalities most used by these participants. Regarding treating this population, the average response regarding both confidence and wanting to learn more fell between disagree and agree at 2.92, while the average response regarding concern about safety fell between agree and strongly agree at 3.22. Level of specific expertize had the strongest influence on a provider’s decision to treat, while reimbursement level had the least influence. Among participants who completed postdoctoral education, the average response for how well their education prepared them to manage patients with special needs was higher for their postdoctoral training compared to their dental school training, with pediatric dentists reporting the highest rate of preparation. No correlation was found between year of dental school graduation and how well they felt their education prepared them for treating this population. Significance level was set at 5%. Conclusion. Dental education can have a significant impact on dentists’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and confidence about treating those with developmental disabilities and managing their dental anxiety. Acknowledging that this relationship exists should encourage educational improvements in this area.
Physical Health, Economic Status, Social Relations, and Depression among Chinese Older Adults: A Structural Equation Modelling Analysis
Authors: Yu Yuehui , Hu Xinyi , Hu Hongwei
Published: September 2023

This study aims to test an integrated model of physical health, economic status, social relations, and geriatric depression, and in particular to examine the stress-buffering role of social relations on the negative psychological effects of declining physical health and worsening economic status. Data from 5,316 older adults (≥60 years) from a nationally representative cross-sectional database in China were used. Social relations were measured by both the intergenerational relationship and the social network beyond family ties. Descriptive analysis, multivariable regression, and structural equation modelling were used in a stepwise fashion. The results showed that poor physical health (identified as more chronic diseases, worse daily living function, and worse sleep quality) and lower economic status (identified as lower income and more debt) were significantly associated with weaker social relations and higher depression scores. Both intergenerational relationship and social network appeared to mediate the effects of physical health and economic status on geriatric depression, but in slightly different ways. Social relations play an important role in buffering the negative psychological effects of declining physical health and worsening economic status on the older group in China. The findings suggest the importance of strengthening health care, compensating for economic disadvantage and improving social relations in protecting the mental health of older adults.
Recent Research Trends on Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 and Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Chhetri Kisan , Adhikari Anup , Kunwar Jyotendra , Acharya Debendra , Bhattarai Roshan Mangal , Mok Young Sun , Adhikari Achyut , Yadav Amar Prasad , Kim Hak Yong
Published: September 2023

Recently, Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) and their hybrid composites have incited a lot of interest in the research community and have shown promising potential in supercapacitors owing to their excellent conductivity, high surface area, tunable structure, rich redox chemistry, composition diversity, etc. Even though many ZIFs are being studied for the advancement of electrode materials used for energy storage applications, in this review, we are focused on ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 only. The electrochemical performance of pure ZIFs is poor due to low electronic conductivity and poor cycling life. To counter this, ZIFs are mixed with other materials like conducting polymers, other transitional metals composites, and activated carbons to prepare hybrid composites. Furthermore, the highly porous structure and large surface area of the ZIFs cage act as an ideal template for designing composites with excellent supercapacitor applications. This reviewis focus on the synthesis and electrochemical performance of such materials. This review is divided into two main parts: the design and synthesis of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 derivatives for supercapacitor applications and the electrochemical performance of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67-based derivatives in three-electrode and two-electrode setups. Lastly, the challenges and obstacles encountered while employing ZIF-8 and ZIF-67-based composites in supercapacitors will be reviewed and commented on.
Monitoring and Control of Particulate Matter in Urban Area in Douala-Cameroon Town
Authors: Mbog Severin Mbog , Adiang Mezoue Cyrille , Cédric Ngangmo Yannick , Bitondo Dieudonné , Martin Mouangue Ruben
Published: September 2023

This study focused on the content of fine particle air pollution in the city of Douala. Several studies have analyzed pollution problems due to road traffic in Douala, Cameroon. Particle concentration levels are higher in heavy traffic than in light traffic. The population’s exposure to air pollution in cities is higher near roads. Several studies have analyzed pollution problems due to road traffic in Douala, Cameroon. In this city, the traffic density at the intersections is indeed higher. Thus, the question is as follows: Are these traffic areas hotspots of increased PM exposure levels? To determine it, four particle size fractions (PM10, PM2.5, PM5, and PM1) were collected using an “OC300 Gas and Dust Particle Laser Detector” for three months at different traffic locations (roundabouts or/and crossroads). Statistical analysis of the data shows very high concentrations at most measurement sites. PM concentrations at the different measurement sites are around 35.69-68.08 µg m−3 for PM1, 50.72-99.13 µg m−3 for PM2.5, 54.11-111.22 µg m−3 for PM5, and 57.97-119.25 µg m−3 for PM10. Exceedances of WHO daily guidelines for PM2.5 (45 µg m−3) and PM10 (15 µg m−3) were found during the measurement campaign, indicating that crossroads are the pollution hotspots in urban areas. Occupation of the roadsides for various economic activities (painting, restaurants, donut shops, etc.) is common in Cameroon, increasing health risks for people working around the roadside. Thus, crossroad locations are areas where the level of exposure to PMx is the highest on road traffics.
FF-10850, a Novel Liposomal Topotecan Achieves Superior Antitumor Activity via Macrophage- and Ammonia-Mediated Payload Release in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Shimoyama Susumu , Okada Ken , Kimura Toshifumi , Morohashi Yasushi , Nakayama Shinji , Kemmochi Sayaka , Makita-Suzuki Keiko , Matulonis Ursula A. , Mori Mikinaga
Published: September 2023

Topotecan, an approved treatment for refractory or recurrent ovarian cancer, has clinical limitations such as rapid clearance and hematologic toxicity. To overcome these limitations and maximize clinical benefit, we designed FF-10850, a dihydrosphingomyelin-based liposomal topotecan. FF-10850 demonstrated superior antitumor activity to topotecan in ovarian cancer cell line-based xenograft models, as well as in a clinically relevant DF181 platinum-refractory ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft model. The safety profile was also improved with mitigation of hematologic toxicity. The improved antitumor activity and safety profile are achieved via its preferential accumulation and payload release triggered in the tumor microenvironment. Our data indicate that tumor-associated macrophages internalize FF-10850, resulting in complete payload release. The release mechanism also appears to be mediated by high ammonia concentration resulting from glutaminolysis, which is activated by tumor metabolic reprogramming. In ammonia-rich conditions, FF-10850 released payload more rapidly and to a greater extent than liposomal doxorubicin, a currently approved treatment for ovarian cancer. FF-10850 significantly enhanced antitumor activity in combination with carboplatin or PARP inhibitor without detrimental effects on body weight in murine xenograft models, and demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity combined with anti–PD-1 antibody with the development of tumor antigen-specific immunity. These results support phase I investigation of FF-10850 for the treatment of solid tumors including ovarian cancer (NCT04047251), and further evaluation in combination settings.
FIGURE 2 from Nanoparticle Delivery of Immunostimulatory Alu RNA for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Garland Kyle M. , Kwiatkowski Alexander J. , Tossberg John T. , Crooke Philip S. , Aune Thomas M. , Wilson John T.
Published: September 2023

Bioinformatic analysis of A-to-I RNA editing in human melanoma. A and B, Negative correlation between AEI and time to death. A, AEI was determined from RNA-seq data using melanoma samples from patients prior to onset of therapy (N = 23). Y-axis is AEI for each sample, and X-axis is survival time in weeks. Spearman r was calculated, and the P value was determined by Gaussian approximation. B, As in A, except AEI was determined from RNA-seq data using melanoma samples from patients after onset of therapy (N = 23). C, Kaplan–Meier curve comparing survival time as a function of high (i.e., >50) or low (i.e., <50) pre-therapy AEI. Y-axis is percent survival, and X-axis is survival time in weeks, P = 0.02, log rank (Mantel–Cox test). D, As in C, except median survival time was compared in high and low pre-therapy AEI groups, P = 0.04; * represents P < 0.05. E and F, Correlation of ADAR mRNA levels to pre-therapy AEI and survival. E, AEI was determined from RNA-seq data using melanoma samples from patients prior to onset of therapy. ADAR mRNA levels for individual melanoma samples were determined from RNA-seq data using the DeSeq package. Spearman r was calculated, and the P value was determined by Gaussian approximation. F, As in E, except ADAR mRNA levels are compared with survival times.
Sedentary Bout Patterns and Metabolic Health in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth)
Authors: Carlson Jordan A. , Hibbing Paul R. , Forseth Bethany , Diaz Keith M. , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Bejarano Carolina M. , Duran Andrea T. , Castañeda Sheila F. , Garcia Melawhy L. , Perreira Krista M. , Daviglus Martha L. , Van Horn Linda , Gellman Marc D. , Isasi Carmen R. , Cai Jianwen , Delamater Alan M. , Staggs Vincent S. , Thyfault John , Gallo Linda C.
Published: September 2023

Background

There is limited evidence on the potential negative metabolic health impacts of prolonged and uninterrupted sedentary bouts in structurally disadvantaged youth. This study investigated associations between sedentary bout variables and metabolic health markers in the Hispanic Community Health Study/SOL Youth (Study of Latino Youth).

Methods and Results

SOL Youth was a population‐based cohort of 1466 youth (age range, 8–16 years; 48.5% female); 957 youth were included in the analytic sample based on complete data. Accelerometers measured moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total sedentary time, and sedentary bout patterns (daily time spent in sedentary bouts ≥30 minutes, median sedentary bout duration, and number of daily breaks from sedentary time). Clinical measures included body mass index, waist circumference, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. After adjusting for sociodemographics, total sedentary time, and MVPA, longer median bout durations and fewer sedentary breaks were associated with a greater body mass index percentile (b
bouts
=0.09 and b
breaks
=−0.18), waist circumference (b
bouts
=0.12 and b
breaks
=−0.20), and fasting insulin (b
bouts
=0.09 and b
breaks
=−0.21). Fewer breaks were also associated with a greater homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (b=−0.21). More time in bouts lasting ≥30 minutes was associated with a greater fasting glucose (b=0.18) and glycated hemoglobin (b=0.19).

Conclusions

Greater accumulation of sedentary time in prolonged and uninterrupted bouts had adverse associations with adiposity and glycemic control over and above total sedentary time and MVPA. Findings suggest interventions in Hispanic/Latino youth targeting both ends of the activity spectrum (more MVPA and less prolonged/uninterrupted sedentary patterns) may provide greater health benefits than those targeting only MVPA.
Cardiovascular Hospitalizations and Resource Use Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Dhande Mehak , Barakat Amr , Canterbury Ann , Thoma Floyd , Mulukutla Suresh , Sezer Ahmet , Aronis Konstantinos N. , Bhonsale Aditya , Kancharla Krishna , Voigt Andrew H. , Wang Norman C. , Shalaby Alaa , Mark Estes N. A. , Saba Samir , Jain Sandeep K.
Published: September 2023

Background

Over the next few years, atrial fibrillation (AF)–related morbidity and costs will increase significantly. Thus, it is prudent to examine the impact of AF treatment on health care resource use. This study examined the impact of AF ablation on hospitalization, length of stay, and resource use for patients undergoing AF ablation in a multihospital system.

Methods and Results

In an observational analysis, outcomes of total, cardiovascular, and AF hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and length of stay were compared for 3417 patients between 12 months before and 24 months following AF ablation. Use of electrical cardioversions and antiarrhythmic use were also compared 1 year before to 2 years after AF ablation. There were fewer total (0.7±1.3 versus 0.3±0.7;
P
<0.001), cardiovascular (0.7±1.2 versus 0.2±0.6;
P
<0.001), and AF (0.6±1.1 versus 0.1±0.3;
P
<0.001) hospitalizations and emergency department visits (0.8±2.1 versus 0.4±0.9;
P
<0.001) per patient‐year for the 2 years following AF ablation compared with 1 year before. Average length of stay per patient‐year (1.4±7.9 versus 3.6±5.3 days;
P
<0.0001), the percentage of patients on antiarrhythmic therapy (21.2% versus 58.5%;
P
<0.0001), and those undergoing electrical cardioversions (16.1% versus 28.1%;
P
<0.0001) were lower 2 years following AF ablation versus 1 year before.

Conclusions

We noted a decrease in total, cardiovascular, and AF hospitalizations and health care resource use during the 2‐year period after index AF ablation, compared with the 1 year before. AF ablation may portend a decline in patient morbidity and health care costs.
Penalized Model‐Based Unsupervised Phenomapping Unravels Distinctive HFrEF Phenotypes With Improved Outcomes Discrimination From Sacubitril/Valsartan Treatment Independent of MAGGIC Score
Authors: Sung Kuo‐Tzu , Chang Hung‐Yu , Hsu Nai‐Wei , Huang Wen‐Hung , Lin Yueh‐Hung , Yun Chun‐Ho , Hsiao Chih‐Chung , Hsu Chien‐Yi , Tsai Shin‐Yi , Chen Ying‐Ju , Tsai Cheng‐Ting , Su Cheng‐Huang , Hung Ta‐Chuan , Hou Charles Jia‐Yin , Yeh Hung‐I , Hung Chung‐Lieh
Published: September 2023

Background

The angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696) has emerged as a promising pharmacological intervention against renin–angiotensin system inhibitor in reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF). Whether the therapeutic benefits may vary among heterogeneous HFrEF subgroups remains unknown.

Methods and Results

This study comprised a pooled 2‐center analysis including 1103 patients with symptomatic HFrEF with LCZ696 use and another 1103 independent HFrEF control cohort (with renin–angiotensin system inhibitor use) matched for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, and comorbidity conditions. Three main distinct phenogroup clusterings were identified from unsupervised machine learning using 29 clinical variables: phenogroup 1 (youngest, relatively lower diabetes prevalence, highest glomerular filtration rate with largest left ventricular size and left ventricular wall stress); phenogroup 2 (oldest, lean, highest diabetes and vascular diseases prevalence, lowest highest glomerular filtration rate with smallest left ventricular size and mass), and phenogroup 3 (lowest clinical comorbidity with largest left ventricular mass and highest hypertrophy prevalence). During the median 1.74‐year follow‐up, phenogroup assignment provided improved prognostic discrimination beyond Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure risk score risk score (all net reclassification index
P
<0.05) with overall good calibrations. While phenogroup 1 showed overall best clinical outcomes, phenogroup 2 demonstrated highest cardiovascular death and worst renal end point, with phenogroup 3 having the highest all‐cause death rate and HF hospitalization among groups, respectively. These findings were broadly consistent when compared with the renin–angiotensin system inhibitor control as reference group.

Conclusions

Phenomapping provided novel insights on unique characteristics and cardiac features among patients with HFrEF with sacubitril/valsartan treatment. These findings further showed potentiality in identifying potential sacubitril/valsartan responders and nonresponders with improved outcome discrimination among patients with HFrEF beyond clinical scoring.
Regression of Coronary Fatty Plaque and Risk of Cardiac Events According to Blood Pressure Status: Data From a Randomized Trial of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Welty Francine K. , Hariri Essa , Asbeutah Abdul Aziz , Daher Ralph , Amangurbanova Maral , Chedid Georges , Elajami Tarec K. , Alfaddagh Abdulhamied , Malik Abdulaziz
Published: September 2023

Background

Residual risk of cardiovascular events and plaque progression remains despite reduction in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Factors contributing to residual risk remain unclear. The authors examined the role of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in coronary plaque regression and its predictors.

Methods and Results

A total of 240 patients with stable coronary artery disease were randomized to eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid (3.36 g/d) or none for 30 months. Patients were stratified by regression or progression of coronary fatty plaque measured by coronary computed tomographic angiography. Cardiac events were ascertained. The mean±SD age was 63.0±7.7 years, mean low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level was <2.07 mmol/L, and median triglyceride level was <1.38 mmol/L. Regressors had a 14.9% reduction in triglycerides that correlated with fatty plaque regression (
r
=0.135;
P
=0.036). Compared with regressors, progressors had higher cardiac events (5% vs 22.3%, respectively;
P
<0.001) and a 2.89‐fold increased risk of cardiac events (95% CI, 1.1–8.0;
P
=0.034). Baseline non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level <2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) and systolic blood pressure <125 mm Hg were significant independent predictors of fatty plaque regression. Normotensive patients taking eicosapentaenoic acid plus docosahexaenoic acid had regression of noncalcified coronary plaque that correlated with triglyceride reduction (
r
=0.35;
P
=0.034) and a significant decrease in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In contrast, hypertensive patients had no change in noncalcified coronary plaque or neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.

Conclusions

Triglyceride reduction, systolic blood pressure <125 mm Hg, and non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.59 mmol/L were associated with coronary plaque regression and reduced cardiac events. Normotensive patients had greater benefit than hypertensive patients potentially due to lower levels of inflammation. Future studies should examine the role of inflammation in plaque regression.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01624727.
Outcomes of Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome Compared With Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Khaloo Pegah , Ledesma Pablo A. , Nahlawi Acile , Galvin Jennifer , Ptaszek Leon M. , Ruskin Jeremy N.
Published: September 2023

Background

Takotsubo syndrome (TS) and myocardial infarction (MI) share similar clinical and laboratory characteristics but have important differences in causes, demographics, management, and outcomes.

Methods and Results

In this observational study, the National Inpatient Sample and National Readmission Database were used to identify patients admitted with TS, type 1 MI, or type 2 MI in the United States between October 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. We compared patients hospitalized with TS, type 1 MI, and type 2 MI with respect to key features and outcomes. Over the 27‐month study period, 2 035 055 patients with type 1 MI, 639 075 patients with type 2 MI, and 43 335 patients with TS were identified. Cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were more prevalent in type 1 MI (4.02%, 3.2%, and 7.2%, respectively) compared with both type 2 MI (2.8%, 0.8%, and 5.4% respectively) and TS (2.7%, 1.8%, and 5.3%, respectively). Risk of mortality was lower in TS compared with both type 1 MI (3.3% versus 7.9%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.3;
P
<0.001) and type 2 MI (3.3% versus 8.2%; adjusted OR, 0.3;
P
<0.001). Mortality rate (OR, 1.2;
P
<0.001) and cardiac‐cause 30‐day readmission rate (adjusted OR, 1.7;
P
<0.001) were higher in type 1 MI than in type 2 MI.

Conclusions

Patients with type 1 MI had the highest rates of in‐hospital mortality and cardiac‐cause 30‐day readmission. Risk of all‐cause 30‐day readmission was highest in patients with type 2 MI. The risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with TS is lower than in patients with type 1 MI but higher than in patients with type 2 MI.
Arginine Vasopressin Plays a Role in Microvascular Dysfunction After ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Al‐Atta Ayman , Spray Luke , Mohammed Ashfaq , Shmeleva Evgeniya , Spyridopoulos Ioakim
Published: September 2023

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) predicts mortality after ST‐elevation–myocardial infarction (STEMI). Arginine vasopressin (AVP) may be implicated, but data in humans are lacking, and no study has investigated the link between arginine vasopressin and invasive measures of CMD.

Methods and Results

We invasively assessed CMD in 55 patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), by measuring the index of microcirculatory resistance after PPCI. In a separate group of 45 patients with STEMI/PPCI, recruited for a clinical trial, we measured infarct size and microvascular obstruction with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at 1 week and 12 weeks post‐STEMI. Serum copeptin was measured at 4 time points before and after PPCI in all patients with STEMI. Plasma copeptin levels fell from 92.5 pmol/L before reperfusion to 6.4 pmol/L at 24 hours. Copeptin inversely correlated with diastolic, but not systolic, blood pressure (r=−0.431,
P
=0.001), suggesting it is released in response to myocardial ischemia. Persistently raised copeptin at 24 hours was correlated with higher index of microcirculatory resistance (r=0.372,
P
=0.011). Patients with microvascular obstruction on early CMR imaging showed a trend toward higher admission copeptin, which was not statistically significant. Copeptin levels were not associated with infarct size on either early or late CMR.

Conclusions

Patients with CMD after STEMI have persistently elevated copeptin at 24 hours, suggesting arginine vasopressin may contribute to microvascular dysfunction. Arginine vasopressin receptor antagonists may represent a novel therapeutic option in patients with STEMI and CMD.
Debated issues in the Church of England: The Roles of Theology and Psychology
Authors: Village Andrew
Published: September 2023

This paper tests whether or not psychological type preferences predicted the extent of liberal versus conservative attitudes towards a range of controversial moral issues among 3,515 clergy and laity from the Church of England who took part in the 2013 Church Times survey. Summated rating scales were produced from Likert items related to four different issues: same-sex relationships, the ordination of women, divorce and remarriage, and cohabitation. After allowing for general theological stance, psychological type preferences for sensing over intuition and thinking over feeling were significantly associated with more conservative attitudes. For theological liberals, sensing types had slightly more conservative moral attitudes, on average, than did intuitive types, but there was no difference among theological conservatives. For theological conservatives, thinking types had slightly more conservative moral attitudes, on average, than did feeling types, but there was no difference among theological liberals.
Two new species of the Euconnus taiwanus group from Zhejiang, China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: September 2023

The recently established Euconnus taiwanus group within Euconnus s. str. includes six species known to inhabit Taiwan, China and Japan. Two more members of this group are described based on specimens collected in eastern China (Zhejiang Province): E. (s. str.) bibaculoides sp. n., and E. (s. str.) mimicus sp. n.
On the Sources of Water Supply Forecast Error in Western Colorado
Authors: Goble Peter E. , Schumacher Russ S.
Published: September 2023

Annual spring and summer runoff from western Colorado is relied upon by 40 million people, six states, and two countries. Cool season precipitation and snowpack have historically been robust predictors of seasonal runoff in western Colorado. Forecasts made with this information allow water managers to plan for the season ahead. Antecedent hydrological conditions, such as root zone soil moisture and groundwater storage, and weather conditions following peak snowpack also impact seasonal runoff. The roles of such factors were scrutinized in 2020 and 2021: seasonal runoff was much lower than expectations based on snowpack values alone. We investigate the relative importance of meteorological and hydrological conditions occurring before and after the snowpack season in predicting seasonal runoff in western Colorado. This question is critical because the most effective investment strategy for improving forecasts depends on if errors arise before or after the snowpack season. This study is conducted using observations from the Snow Telemetry Network, root zone soil moisture and groundwater data from the Western Land Data Assimilation Systems, and a random forest–based statistical forecasting framework. We find that on average, antecedent root zone soil moisture and groundwater storage values do not add significant skill to seasonal water supply forecasts in western Colorado. In contrast, using precipitation and temperature data after the time of peak snowpack improves water supply forecasts significantly. The 2020 and 2021 runoffs were hampered by dry conditions both before and after the snowpack season. Both antecedent soil moisture and spring/summer precipitation data improved water supply forecast accuracy in these years.

Significance Statement

Seasonal water supply forecasts in western Colorado are highly valuable because spring and summer runoff from this region helps support the water supply of 40 million people. Accurate forecasts improve the management of the region’s water. Heavy investments have been made in improving our ability to monitor antecedent hydrological conditions in western Colorado, such as root zone soil moisture and groundwater. However, results from this study indicate that the largest source of uncertainty in western Colorado runoff forecasts is future weather. Therefore, improved subseasonal-to-seasonal weather forecasts for western Colorado are what is most needed to improve regional water supply forecasts, and the ability to properly manage western Colorado water.
Effect of Aloe vera gel coating on organoleptic and nutritional quality of minimally processed carrot
Authors: Leon Adrián , Logegaray Verónica , Casajús Victoria , Perini Mauro , Lourenco Antonella Barriga , Salinas Corel , Jara Andrea Reyes , Civello Pedro , Galelli Mirta , Martínez Gustavo , Picallo Alejandra , Frezza Diana
Published: September 2023

Demand for fresh vegetables has led to development studies in postharvest area mainly focused on minimizing and look for alternatives to chemical additives for food preservation. The use of natural derived edible coatings emerges as a promising alternative for maintaining quality of vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel in minimally processed carrot during postharvest storage. Samples with different degrees of processing were immersed in Aloe vera gel, packaged polyolefin bags, and stored in refrigerated chambers at 5 °C for 12 days. Different organoleptic and quality parameters were evaluated. In general, the samples treated with Aloe vera gel showed less quality loss and a lower increment in the bleaching index. Moreover, sensory analysis allowed to establish that carrots processed in slices and shredded and coated with the gel had a more flavorful taste and higher moisture content. Aloe vera treatment did not influence the microbiological growth of bacteria and fungi during storage. Regarding nutritional quality, the treated samples showed a higher accumulation or lower degradation of phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, probably generating in this way, a higher antioxidant capacity in these samples. Finally, Aloe vera gel treatment did not influence sugar dynamics in any of the samples. It can be concluded that the treatment with Aloe vera gel allows maintaining a better organoleptic and nutritional quality of carrots with different degrees of processing during refrigerated storage.
Care recipients’ management of and approaches to receiving personal and intimate care
Authors: Lövgren Veronica , Kalman Hildur , Andersson Katarina , Ahnlund Petra
Published: September 2023

An interview study was conducted with persons receiving home care services and personal assistance in Sweden (13 individuals, 25 interviews) with the aim to analyze their experiences of managing personal and intimate care. The analytical approach was guided by phenomenologically informed research and Erving Goffman's theoretical work on self-presentation and social life as it differs in frontstage and backstage settings.

Findings

A reflected approach to the complex challenges associated with becoming and being a person in need of personal and intimate care was revealed. This involved continuous adaptations and attuning to organizational and relational conditions of formal home care. Being a recipient of personal and intimate care does not mean being passive. It entails relating to and sustaining the care relation, where even choosing to accept suboptimal conditions is an act of agency. The recipients’ private homes were hybridized, transformed both into a waiting room, with the recipient on standby and into a workplace. The homes thus partly lost their character as a backstage realm where one could avoid the gaze of others. This also led to a hybridization of the personal sphere, in the form of marginal scope for true privacy, necessitating strategies for protecting one's own space.

Applications

It is important both to acknowledge the intrusive nature of personal and intimate care, which results in extensive hybridization of the home and personal sphere and to recognize care recipients’ agency in the relationship that care establishes.
Stroke Riskometer Application (SRA™) influence on lifestyle changes of home bound familial Malaysian stroke caregivers: a randomised controlled trial in a primary care based longer term stroke care facility
Authors: Hussin Radhiyah , Aziz Aznida Firzah Abdul , Ali Mohd Fairuz , Monoto Ezura Madiana Md , Arvinder-Singh HS , Alabed Alabed Ali Ahmed , Zaidi Wan Asyraf Wan , Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed ,   FRCPE
Published: September 2023

Background

In countries where access to Specialist stroke care services are limited, primary care physicians often manage stroke patients and the caregiving family members. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Stroke Riskometer Application (SRA™) on promoting healthier lifestyles among familial stroke caregivers for primary prevention.

Methods

A parallel, open-label, 2-arm prospective, pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted at a long-term stroke service at a university based primary care clinic. All stroke caregivers aged ≥ 18 years, proficient in English or Malay and smartphone operation were invited. From 147 eligible caregivers, 76 participants were randomised to either SRA™ intervention or conventional care group (CCG) after receiving standard health counselling. The intervention group had additional SRA™ installed on their smartphones, which enabled self-monitoring of modifiable and non-modifiable stroke risk factors. The Stroke Riskometer app (SRATM) and Life's Simple 7 (LS7) questionnaires assessed stroke risk and lifestyle practices. Changes in clinical profile, lifestyle practices and calculated stroke risk were analysed at baseline and 3 months.

The trial was registered in the Australia-New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12618002050235.

Results

The demographic and clinical characteristics of the intervention and control group study participants were comparable. Better improvement in LS7 scores were noted in the SRA™ arm compared to CCG at 3 months: Median difference (95% CI) = 0.88 (1.68–0.08), p = 0.03. However, both groups did not show significant changes in median stroke risk and relative risk scores at 5-, 10-years (Stroke risk 5-years: Median difference (95% CI) = 0.53 (0.15–1.21), p = 0.13, 10-years: Median difference (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.53–2.15), p = 0.23; Relative risk 5-years: Median difference (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.29–1.97), p = 0.14, Relative risk 10-years: Median difference (95% CI) = 0.58 (0.36–1.52), p = 0.23).

Conclusion

SRA™ is a useful tool for familial stroke caregivers to make lifestyle changes, although it did not reduce personal or relative stroke risk after 3 months usage.

Trial registration

No: ACTRN12618002050235 (Registration Date: 21st December 2018).
Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in private MCH Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Addisu , Bedada Abera , Kumbi Solomon
Published: September 2023

Background

Despite its benefit in promoting maternal health and the health of her developing fetus, little is known about preconception care practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Moreover, preconception care utilization in private hospitals is not known. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to determine the utilization of preconception health care services and its associated factors among pregnant women following antenatal care in the private Maternal and Child Health hospitals in Addis Ababa.

Methods

A Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to April 30,2022 among 385 women attending ANC in private MCH hospitals. Bestegah and Hemen MCH hospitals were selected by convenience method. Data were collected by a pretested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. To identify the factors associated with the utilization of preconception care, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were estimated to assess the strength of associations, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results

The utilization of preconception care among the pregnant mothers according to our study was 40%. Professional/technical/managerial occupation (AOR = 4.3, 95%CI = 1.13, 16.33, P < 0.032), having good knowledge on preconception care (AOR = 3.5, 95%CI = 1.92, 6.53, P < 0.000), having unintended pregnancy (AOR = 0.1, 95%CI = 0.03, 0.42, P < 0.001), history of family planning use before conception (AOR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.20, 12.60, P < 0.023), having pre-existing medical disease(s) (AOR = 8.4, 95%CI = 2.83, 24.74, P < 0.002), and having adverse pregnancy outcome(s) in previous pregnancies (AOR = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.55, 6.50, P < 0.000) were significantly associated with preconception care utilization.

Conclusions

This study found out that the utilization of preconception care in the private MCH hospitals is still low i.e., only 40%. Occupation, level of knowledge, having unintended pregnancy, history of family planning use before conception, having adverse pregnancy outcome(s) in previous pregnancy and having pre-existing medical disease(s) were independently associated with preconception care utilization. Lack of awareness about the availability of the services and having an unintended pregnancy were the main reasons for not utilizing preconception care.