bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Capable of Binding Proinflammatory Mediators in Hydrogel Form Promotes Wound Healing Process through a Multiscale Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: Ryu UnJin , Chien Pham Ngoc , Jang Suin , Trinh Xuan‐Tung , Lee Hyeon Shin , Van Anh Le Thi , Zhang Xin Rui , Giang Nguyen Ngan , Van Long Nguyen , Nam Sun‐Young , Heo Chan Yeong , Choi Kyung Min
Published: November 2023

The regulation of proinflammatory mediators has been explored to promote natural healing without abnormal inflammation or autoimmune response induced by their overproduction. However, most efforts to control these mediators have relied on pharmacological substances that are directly engaged in biological cycles. It is believed that functional porous materials removing target mediators provide a new way to promote the healing process using their adsorption mechanisms. In this study, the Zr‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOF)‐808 (Zr6O4(OH)4(BTC)2(HCOO)6) crystals are found to be effective at removing proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in vivo, because of their porous structure and surface affinity. The MOF‐808 crystals are applied to an in vivo skin wound model as a hydrogel dispersion. Hydrogel containing 0.2 wt% MOF‐808 crystals shows significant improvement in terms of wound healing efficacy and quality over the corresponding control. It is also proven that the mode of action is to remove the proinflammatory mediators in vivo. Moreover, the application of MOF‐808‐containing hydrogels promotes cell activation, proliferation and inhibits chronic inflammation, leading to increased wound healing quality. These findings suggest that Zr‐based MOFs may be a promising drug‐free solution for skin problems related to proinflammatory mediators.
CSMP: A Self‐Assembled Plant Polysaccharide‐Based Hydrofilm for Enhanced Wound Healing
Authors: Qiao Zhen , Zhang KeLun , Liu Huifang , Roh Yeonjeong , Kim Myoung Gyu , Lee Hyo Joo , Koo Bonhan , Lee Eun Yeong , Lee Minju , Park Chang Ook , Shin Yong
Published: November 2023

Wound management remains a critical healthcare issue due to the rising incidence of chronic diseases leading to persistent wounds. Traditional dressings have their limitations, such as potential for further damage during changing and suboptimal healing conditions. Recently, hydrogel‐based dressings have gained attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to fill wounds. Particularly, polysaccharide‐based hydrogels have shown potential in various medical applications. This study focuses on the development of a novel hydrofilm wound dressing produced from a blend of chia seed mucilage (CSM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), termed CSMP. While the individual properties of CSM and PVA are well‐documented, their combined potential in wound management is largely unexplored. CSMP, coupled with sorbitol and glycerin, and cross‐linked using ultraviolet light, results in a flexible, adhesive, and biocompatible hydrofilm demonstrating superior water absorption, moisturizing, and antibacterial properties. This hydrofilm promotes epithelial cell migration, enhanced collagen production, and outperforms existing commercial dressings in animal tests. The innovative CSMP hydrofilm offers a promising, cost‐effective approach for improved wound care, bridging existing gaps in dressing performance and preparation simplicity. Future research can unlock further applications of such polysaccharide‐based hydrofilm dressings.
Biomimetic Nanomaterials for the Immunomodulation of the Cardiosplenic Axis Postmyocardial Infarction
Authors: Bose Rajendran JC , Kessinger Chase W. , Dhammu Tajinder , Singh Toolika , Shealy Miller W. , Ha Khanh , Collandra Rena , Himbert Sebastian , Garcia Fernando J. , Oleinik Natalia , Xu Bing , Vikas  , Kontaridis Maria I. , Rheinstädter Maikel C. , Ogretmen Besim , Menick Donald R. , McCarthy Jason R.
Published: November 2023

The spleen is an important mediator of both adaptive and innate immunity. As such, attempts to modulate the immune response provided by the spleen may be conducive to improved outcomes for numerous diseases throughout the body. Here, biomimicry is used to rationally design nanomaterials capable of splenic retention and immunomodulation for the treatment of disease in a distant organ, the postinfarct heart. Engineered senescent erythrocyte‐derived nanotheranostic (eSENTs) are generated, demonstrating significant uptake by the immune cells of the spleen including T and B cells, as well as monocytes and macrophages. When loaded with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), the nanoagents exhibit a potent therapeutic effect, reducing infarct size by 14% at 72 h postmyocardial infarction when given as a single intravenous dose 2 h after injury. These results are supportive of the hypothesis that RBC‐derived biomimicry may provide new approaches for the targeted modulation of the pathological processes involved in myocardial infarction, thus further experiments to decisively confirm the mechanisms of action are currently underway. This novel concept may have far‐reaching applicability for the treatment of a number of both acute and chronic conditions where the immune responses are either stimulated or suppressed by the splenic (auto)immune milieu.
Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Zhang Hong , Krishna Anurag , Xu Jia , Yao Jianxi
Published: November 2023

The ongoing global research and development efforts on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have led the power conversion efficiency to a high record of 26.1%. The optimization of PSC processing methods, the development of new compositions, and the introduction of passivation strategies are key factors behind the meteoric rise in performance. In particular, defect passivation and mitigation of ion migration via molecular engineering of the interfaces have played a critical role in enhancing the photovoltaic performance and operational stability of PSCs. The key interface engineering strategies enabling highly stable and efficient PSCs are focused here. The interface chemistry and the deleterious impact associated with it are discussed. The molecular design of effective modulators to mitigate the negative effects of perovskite interfaces is elaborated along with advanced characterization techniques to probe the interfaces. The progress of interface modification by multiple strategies is presented, and different modulator designs that are proven to be effective in mitigating the negative effects of perovskite interfaces are highlighted. Moreover, the main properties of effective interface modification strategies are summarized, and general design principles are deduced for future applications. Here, important insights are provided into the fields of material chemistry, physical chemistry, and optoelectronics.
Selenium Dioxide‐Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Furans from Terminal Alkynes and Aldehydes
Authors: Liu Yafeng , Sun Fengkai , An Zhenyu , Miao Man , Guo Xin , Li Chonglong
Published: November 2023

A SeO2‐mediated regioselective synthesis of multi‐substituted furans has been achieved through intermolecular cyclization of terminal alkynes with aldehydes. The developed methodology used commercially available starting materials and afforded various 2,3,5‐triarylfurans.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Alkenylidenecyclopropanes with Alkenes and Dienes
Authors: da Concepción Eduardo , Fernández Israel , Mascareñas José L. , López Fernando
Published: November 2023

Low‐valent cobalt complexes equipped with phosphorous type of ligands can promote the intramolecular (3+2) cycloaddition of alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) with alkenes and with allenes. Dienes can also be used as partners, but they afford seven‐membered cycloadducts. The reactions are fully diastereoselective and, in some cases, we also observed moderate enantioselectivities, especially when using chiral phosphite ligands.
Transition‐Metal Free, One Pot Synthesis of Selenoesters via Reaction of Alkyl Selenides and Acyl Chlorides
Authors: Duarte Juliana S. , De Oliveira Sandynara A. , Da Silva Emily C. O. , De Jesus Andreia P. V. , Vasconcelos Leonardo G. , De Sousa Júnior Paulo T. , Rafique Jamal , Saba Sumbal , Stein André L.
Published: November 2023

Herein, we report a new and efficient method for the synthesis of selenoesters by a direct coupling reaction of alkyl selenides with acyl chlorides in ethanol under transition metal‐free conditions. This nucleophilic acyl substitution afforded selenoesters in good yields. Traditionally, synthesis of selenoesters involve the reaction of acyl chlorides with an organoselenium anions generated in situ through the reductive cleavage of previously prepared diselenides. Our one‐pot approach avoids the pre‐preparation of diselenides and operated in atom‐economical and environmentally friendly conditions. The synthetic utility of these selenoesters was studied using Se‐butyl benzoselenoate as substrate in a Sonogashira‐type cross‐coupling reaction.
sPDGFRβ and neuroinflammation are associated with AD biomarkers and differ by race: The ASCEND Study
Authors: Butts Brittany , Huang Hanfeng , Hu William T. , Kehoe Patrick Gavin , Miners James Scott , Verble Danielle D. , Zetterberg Henrik , Zhao Liping , Trotti Lynn Marie , Benameur Karima , Scorr Laura M. , Wharton Whitney
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

There remains an urgent need to identify preclinical pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development in high‐risk, racially diverse populations. We explored the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of vascular injury and neuroinflammation with AD biomarkers in middle‐aged Black/African American (B/AA) and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) participants.

METHODS

Adults (45–65 years) with a parental history of AD were enrolled (n = 82). CSF and blood biomarkers were collected at baseline and year 2.

RESULTS

CSF total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), and amyloid beta (Aβ)40 were elevated at year 2 compared to baseline. CSF soluble platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β (sPDGFRβ) levels, a marker of pericyte injury, correlated positively with t‐tau, p‐tau, Aβ40 markers of vascular injury, and cytokines at baseline and year 2. CSF sPDGFRβ and tau were significantly lower in B/AA than NHW.

DISCUSSION

Vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation may precede cognitive decline and disease pathology in the very early preclinical stages of AD, and there are race‐related differences in these relationships.

Highlights

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers changed over 2 years in high‐risk middle‐aged adults.

Markers of vascular dysfunction were associated with the CSF biomarkers amyloid beta and tau.

AD biomarkers were lower in Black compared to non‐Hispanic White individuals.

Markers of vascular dysfunction were lower among Black individuals.
Artwork in anatomy education: A way to improve undergraduate students' self‐efficacy and attitude
Authors: HadaviBavili Parisa , İlçioğlu Kevser
Published: November 2023

Anatomy is one of the leading subjects in health science, and students need a strong anatomy background in these fields. Traditional lecturer‐oriented anatomy education is based predominantly on passive learning methods. In recent years, alternative educational methods like hands‐on art and 3D atlas‐based education methods have become more popular as competitive alternatives to traditional approaches. This is a prospective, randomized, longitudinal, interventional study, and a total of 181 undergraduate students participated in this study. A comparative design was used with two groups: Artwork and Atlas. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of creative and artistic approaches in improving undergraduate students' attitudes and self‐efficacy toward anatomy courses. A Pearson correlation, an independent t‐test, and a paired t‐test were used to analyze the results. Both groups experienced a negative mean score on the anatomy self‐efficacy scale, suggesting an increase in anatomy self‐efficacy, and showed significant self‐efficacy improvements (p < 0.005). An independent t‐test analysis found no statistically significant difference between the Atlas group and the Artwork group on the anatomy self‐efficacy scales (pretest and posttest) and the anatomy attitudes scale (p > 0.005). Artwork‐based education and learning methods can be used as active learning methods to improve students' self‐efficacy toward anatomy. This method allows learners to employ their creative abilities in order to express their ideas visually, making complex concepts easier to comprehend. It can also help students develop practical, problem‐solving, critical thinking, and teamwork skills. It is cost‐effective and engaging since it does not need any expensive equipment.
Dissemination effect of data papers on scientific datasets
Authors: Jiao Hong , Qiu Yuhong , Ma Xiaowei , Yang Bo
Published: November 2023

Open data as an integral part of the open science movement enhances the openness and sharing of scientific datasets. Nevertheless, the normative utilization of data journals, data papers, scientific datasets, and data citations necessitates further research. This study aims to investigate the citation practices associated with data papers and to explore the role of data papers in disseminating scientific datasets. Dataset accession numbers from NCBI databases were employed to analyze the prevalence of data citations for data papers from PubMed Central. A dataset citation practice identification rule was subsequently established. The findings indicate a consistent growth in the number of biomedical data journals published in recent years, with data papers gaining attention and recognition as both publications and data sources. Although the use of data papers as citation sources for data remains relatively rare, there has been a steady increase in data paper citations for data utilization through formal data citations. Furthermore, the increasing proportion of datasets reported in data papers that are employed for analytical purposes highlights the distinct value of data papers in facilitating the dissemination and reuse of datasets to support novel research.
The effects of video feedback on running form
Authors: Morante Mariana , Miltenberger Raymond , Cook Jennifer
Published: November 2023

Correct running form is important for injury prevention; as such, correct form promotes continued engagement in running as a long‐term form of exercise. Researchers have shown video feedback to be an effective strategy to improve athletic form for a variety of sports, but it has not been evaluated in any behavior analytic research as a method for improving running form. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of video feedback to improve running form for regular runners. During baseline, each participant was video recorded while running without any feedback (verbal or video). During intervention, the researcher recorded the participant, then showed them the video and provided feedback on correct or incorrect form, according to a 9‐step task analysis. Results show that all three participants achieved 100% correct steps on the task analysis when video feedback was used to maintain their form during follow‐up.
Efficacy of spironolactone as adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate in bipolar‐I disorder: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zandifar Atefeh , Badrfam Rahim , Gholamian Fatemeh , Shafiee Arman
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Treatment of mood and cognitive symptoms of patients with bipolar disorder is associated with many complications and is generally not associated with therapeutic satisfaction. In this clinical trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of spironolactone in controlling mood and cognitive symptoms, sleep quality, appetite, and body mass index in patients with bipolar disorder in manic episodes.

Methods

Sixty inpatients with bipolar disorder in manic episodes were treated with spironolactone/placebo in an 8‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. They were evaluated using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), Pittsburgh sleep quality index, Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire, and body mass index in weeks 1, 4, and 8.

Results

For cognitive impairment (MMSE), there were significant interaction effects of group and time at week 8 (B = −1.60, SE = 0.69, t = −2.33, p = .021) such that individuals in the spironolactone group experienced more improvement in their cognitive performance. For manic symptoms (YMRS), there were no significant interaction effects of group and time at week 8 (B = −2.53, SE = 1.46, t = −1.73, p = .085).

Conclusions

Considering the promising findings in this clinical trial, further study of spironolactone as adjunctive therapy in bipolar disorder in manic episodes with larger sample sizes, multicenter settings, and longer follow‐ups are recommended.
Can environmental non‐government organizations promote firms' environmental innovation? The role of environmental regulation and informatization level
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Zhang Mengnan
Published: November 2023

Environmental non‐governmental organizations (ENGOs), as important civil society organizations in the environmental arena, play a role in promoting firms' environmental behavior. Based on institutional theory, this study constructed a relationship model among environmental ENGOs, environmental regulation, informatization level, and environmental innovation. Using data from 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2021 as research samples, this study investigated the impact of ENGOs on firms' environmental innovation, as well as the mediating role of environmental regulation and the moderating role of the informatization level. The results showed that ENGOs had a positive effect on firms' environmental innovation, and the informatization level negatively moderated the impact of ENGOs on firms' environmental innovation, but environmental regulation did not play a mediating role in the relationship between ENGOs and firms' environmental innovation. Based on the conclusions, this study suggests leveraging the role of ENGOs, strengthening the power of environmental regulation, and improving the informatization level to drive firms' environmental innovation.
Four New Terpyridine Complexes Based Polyoxometalates with [W10O32]4– Anions as High‐Efficiency Dual‐Site Catalysis for Thioether Oxidation Reaction†
Authors: Zhang Yin , Yu Wei‐Dong , Wang Fang‐Qian , Wang Xiangnan , Zhou Jiawan , Liu Chao , Yan Jun
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Polyoxometalates modified with complex cations have attracted increasing attention because of the fascinating properties and the controllable structures. By adjusting the synthesis conditions, four new terpyridine complexes based hybrid POMs, [(TPY‐H)CuCl]4 [W10O32]·2DMF·2H2O (1), [(TPY‐H)Cu(DMSO)(H2O)]2[W10O32]·2H2O (2), [(TPY‐H)2Cu]2[W10O32]·6DMSO·8H2O (3) and [(TPY‐Br)CuCl (DMSO)(H2O)]2[(TPY‐Br)CuCl]2[W10O32]·2DMSO·4H2O (4), were prepared by using ‘one‐pot’ method. Sing‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, infrared radiation, etc., revealed the structural composition of compounds 1—4, which indicates that synthesis conditions have a directional regulatory effect on the compounds synthesis. Thioether oxidation catalytic reactions show 1—4 have good catalytic activities, and powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis show 1—4 have superduper catalytic stability. Moreover, 4 has better catalytic activity because of the different structure of terpyridine complexes. Therefore, a possible mechanism of dual‐site catalysis by both cations and anions is proposed.
Heterostructured flower‐like NiO/Co3O4 microspheres modified by bifunctional carbon quantum dots as a battery‐type cathode for high energy and power density hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Xinru , Zhu Yirong , Lu Zhihui , Xiao Jin , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: November 2023

Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) comprising a battery‐type cathode and capacitive anode have recently become a research hotspot. Nevertheless, the low capacity utilization, poor kinetic behavior, and unstable structure of a single battery‐type oxide cathode restrict the overall performance of the device. Herein, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) modified NiO/Co3O4 heterostructured flower‐like microspheres are constructed, and enhanced specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling performance are achieved when used as the cathode for HSCs. This is attributed to the fact that the modification of bifunctional CQDs as size regulators and conductive agents and the construction of heterostructure can not only improve the specific surface area and provide more electroactive sites, thereby enhancing the charge storage performance but also regulate the electronic structure and boost the interface charge transfer capability and electronic conductivity, thereby boosting the reaction kinetics and cycle stability. The enhanced electrochemical kinetic behavior is revealed by electrochemical kinetic analyses based on cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests and density functional theory calculations. Meanwhile, the electrochemical reaction process and energy storage mechanism are illustrated by ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. Furthermore, an HSC is further constructed using the CQDs/NiO/Co3O4 heterostructured flower‐like microspheres as the cathode, simultaneously achieving high energy density (40.9 Wh kg−1), high power density (24 kW kg−1), and splendid cyclic stability (94.2% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1). These synergistic modification strategies of bifunctional CQDs modification and heterostructure design provide a valuable direction for the design and development of HSCs with both high energy density and high power density.
Utilizing Gelatin Waste for Efficient Bimodal Porous Silica Adsorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Numpilai Thanapha , Witoon Thongthai
Published: November 2023

This study explores the modification of pore structures in porous silica materials synthesized using sodium silicate and waste gelatin, under varying silica‐to‐gelatin ratios. At ratios of 1.0–1.5, bimodal porous silica with mesopores and macropores emerged due to spaces between silica nanoparticles and clusters, following gelatin elimination. The study further evaluated the obtained bimodal porous silica as polyethyleneimine (PEI) supports for CO2 capture, alongside PEI‐loaded unimodal porous silica and hollow silica sphere for comparison. Notably, the PEI‐loaded bimodal silica showcased superior CO2 uptake, achieving 145.6 mg g−1 at 90 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed PEI′s uniform distribution within the pores of bimodal silica, unlike the excessive surface layering seen in unimodal silica. Conversely, PEI completely filled the hollow porous silica‘s interior, extending gas molecule diffusion distance. All sorbents displayed nearly constant CO2 adsorption across 20 cycles, demonstrating outstanding stability. Notably, the bimodal porous silica displayed a negligible capacity loss, underscoring its robust performance.
Heteronuclear Gold(I)‐Copper(I) Complexes with Thia‐ and Mixed Thia‐Aza Macrocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Optical Properties
Authors: Donamaría Rocío , Lippolis Vito , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel , Olmos M. Elena
Published: November 2023

The reactivity of the heterometallic polynuclear complexes [{Au(R)2}2Cu2(MeCN)2]n (R=C6F5, C6Cl5) with the thioether crowns 1,4,7‐trithiacyclononane (L1, [12]aneS3), 1,4,8,11‐tetrathiacyclododecane (L2, [14]aneS4), 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22‐octathiacyclotetracosane (L3, [24]aneS8), and the quinoline functionalized pendant arm derivatives of the 12‐membered mixed‐donor macrocycles 1‐aza‐,4,7,10‐trithiacyclododecane ([12]aneNS3) and 1,7‐diaza‐4,10‐dithiacyclododecane ([12]aneN2S2), L4 and L5, respectively, was investigated in THF solution. While with L4 and L5 only ionic compounds of general formulation [Cu(L)][Au(R)2] were isolated and structurally characterized (none of them featuring Au⋅⋅⋅Cu interactions), with L1‐L3, beside similar ionic compounds, some heteronuclear complexes of general formulation [{Au(R)2}{Cu(L)}] and featuring Au⋅⋅⋅Cu interactions were also obtained. All of them display rather unusual non‐classical C−H⋅⋅⋅Au hydrogen interactions. The complexes display in the solid state different optical properties related to their structures, which have been studied experimentally and theoretically via TD‐DFT calculations. In particular, all compounds of the type [{Au(R)2}{Cu(L)}] featuring Au⋅⋅⋅Cu metallophilic interactions display luminescence in the solid state both at room temperature (RT) and at 77 K. On the contrary, ionic compounds of general formulation [Cu(L)][Au(R)2], except [Cu(L4)][Au(C6F5)2], are not luminescent.
SETD2 deficiency promotes renal fibrosis through the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway in the absence of VHL
Authors: Liu Changwei , Ni Li , Li Xiaoxue , Rao Hanyu , Feng Wenxin , Zhu Yiwen , Zhang Wei , Ma Chunxiao , Xu Yue , Gui Liming , Wang Ziyi , Aji Rebiguli , Xu Jin , Gao Wei‐Qiang , Li Li
Published: November 2023

Background

Renal fibrosis is the final development pathway and the most common pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease. Epigenetic alteration is a significant intrinsic factor contributing to the development of renal fibrosis. SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2) is the sole histone H3K36 trimethyltransferase, catalysing H3K36 trimethylation. There is evidence that SETD2‐mediated epigenetic alterations are implicated in many diseases. However, it is unclear what role SETD2 plays in the development of renal fibrosis.

Methods

Kidney tissues from mice as well as HK2 cells were used as research subjects. Clinical databases of patients with renal fibrosis were analysed to investigate whether SETD2 expression is reduced in the occurrence of renal fibrosis. SETD2 and Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) double‐knockout mice were used to further investigate the role of SETD2 in renal fibrosis. Renal tubular epithelial cells isolated from mice were used for RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to search for molecular signalling pathways and key molecules leading to renal fibrosis in mice. Molecular and cell biology experiments were conducted to analyse and validate the role of SETD2 in the development of renal fibrosis. Finally, rescue experiments were performed to determine the molecular mechanism of SETD2 deficiency in the development of renal fibrosis.

Results

SETD2 deficiency leads to severe renal fibrosis in VHL‐deficient mice. Mechanically, SETD2 maintains the transcriptional level of Smad7, a negative feedback factor of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad signalling pathway, thereby preventing the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway. Deletion of SETD2 leads to reduced Smad7 expression, which results in activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway and ultimately renal fibrosis in the absence of VHL.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal the role of SETD2‐mediated H3K36me3 of Smad7 in regulating the TGF‐β/Smad signalling pathway in renal fibrogenesis and provide an innovative insight into SETD2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Flow cytometric analysis of CD34+CD38− cells; cell frequency and immunophenotype based on CD45RA expression pattern
Authors: Mizuta Shumpei , Iwasaki Makoto , Bandai Noriko , Yoshida Saya , Watanabe Asami , Takashima Hiroshi , Ueshimo Takeshi , Bandai Kazuhiro , Fujiwara Kensuke , Hiranuma Naoko , Koba Yusuke , Kawata Takahito , Tamekane Akira , Watanabe Mitsumasa
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The CD34+CD38− population in bone marrow includes hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Recently, in acute myeloid leukemia, the focus has shifted to flow cytometry analysis targeting CD34+CD38− leukemic cells due to their effectiveness in minimal/measurable residual disease detection and prognosis prediction. Nevertheless, the immunophenotype and cell frequency of these cells in the bone marrow, in the absence of leukemic cells, remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate detailed characteristics of CD34+CD38− cells in both normal and leukemic cells by flow cytometry.

Methods

We compared the cell frequency and immunophenotype of the CD34+CD38− fraction in the following groups: patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and malignant lymphoma as controls (n = 17), post‐treatment patients without abnormal blasts (n = 35), and patients with myeloid malignancies (n = 86). The comparison was based on the presence or absence of CD45RA expression, a marker commonly used to prospectively isolate lymphoid‐primed cell populations within the CD34+CD38− fraction.

Results

The CD34+CD38−CD45RA+ cell population exhibited a significant expansion in bone marrow without leukemic cells 1 month after cord blood transplantation and in various type of myeloid malignancies, compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Continuous CD45RA expression and notable expansion of the CD34+CD38−CD45RA− population were exclusively observed in myelodysplastic syndrome‐related diseases. The CD34+CD38−CD45RA+ population displayed frequent expression of various markers in both leukemic and non‐leukemic cells, in contrast to the CD34+CD38−CD45RA− population.

Conclusions

The CD34+CD38− fraction should be carefully evaluated considering the nature of normal hematopoietic precursor cells, their cell frequency and immunophenotype, including CD45RA expression pattern, for improving the accuracy of myeloid malignancy diagnosis.
Hybrid deep learning model for wearable sensor‐based stress recognition for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system
Authors: Singh Ghanapriya , Chetia Phukan Orchid , Gupta Rinki , Nayyar Anand
Published: November 2023

There are numerous, interrelated, and multi‐dimensional aspects that influence a person's mental health, one of them being stress. Smart wearable technology having physiological and motion sensors has paved the way for real‐time data collection to deliver cutting‐edge information about the stress of individuals. It is now possible to build an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system that can recognise the user's stress, revealing the elements that cause stress. However, there are significant gaps in the existing system for stress recognition. To begin with, stress recognition is primarily studied for a specific set of people, such as occupational stress among office working persons or hospital staff during emergency duties, and so forth. Second, most past work on stress recognition has focused on extracting handcrafted traits, which necessitates human interaction and skill. To overcome above mentioned challenges, this work proposes a novel IoMT framework for continuous stress recognition for mental well‐being. This paper presents a hybrid deep learning (DL) approach for automatically retrieving features and classification into various stress states for the IoMT system to address these difficulties. The proposed expanded system gathers data from wearable physiological sensors and feeds it into a convolutional neural network–long short‐term memory (CNN‐LSTM), a hybrid DL classifier. The suggested approach has been tested on the wearable stress and affect detection (WESAD) dataset. It has a reported accuracy of 90.45%, which is higher than previously reported accuracies from existing machine learning (ML) and DL approaches.
Continuity and change in neural plasticity through embryonic morphogenesis, fetal activity‐dependent synaptogenesis, and infant memory consolidation
Authors: Luu Phan , Tucker Don M.
Published: November 2023

There is an apparent continuity in human neural development that can be traced to venerable themes of vertebrate morphogenesis that have shaped the evolution of the reptilian telencephalon (including both primitive three‐layered cortex and basal ganglia) and then the subsequent evolution of the mammalian six‐layered neocortex. In this theoretical analysis, we propose that an evolutionary–developmental analysis of these general morphogenetic themes can help to explain the embryonic development of the dual divisions of the limbic system that control the dorsal and ventral networks of the human neocortex. These include the archicortical (dorsal limbic) Papez circuits regulated by the hippocampus that organize spatial, contextual memory, as well as the paleocortical (ventral limbic) circuits that organize object memory. We review evidence that these dorsal and ventral limbic divisions are controlled by the differential actions of brainstem lemnothalamic and midbrain collothalamic arousal control systems, respectively, thereby traversing the vertebrate subcortical neuraxis. These dual control systems are first seen shaping the phyletic morphogenesis of the archicortical and paleocortical foundations of the forebrain in embryogenesis. They then provide dual modes of activity‐dependent synaptic organization in the active (lemnothalamic) and quiet (collothalamic) stages of fetal sleep. Finally, these regulatory systems mature to form the major systems of memory consolidation of postnatal development, including the rapid eye movement (lemnothalamic) consolidation of implicit memory and social attachment in the first year, and then—in a subsequent stage—the non‐REM (collothalamic) consolidation of explicit memory that is integral to the autonomy and individuation of the second year of life.
Intersecting gender identity and racial/ethnic inequities in eating disorder risk factors, symptoms, and diagnosis among U.S. college students: An intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy
Authors: Gordon Allegra R. , Beccia Ariel L. , Egan Natalie , Lipson Sarah K.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

There are documented inequities in eating disorders (EDs) by gender and race/ethnicity, yet, little is known about population‐level prevalence of ED risk factors, symptoms, and diagnosis at the intersection of diverse gender and racial/ethnic identities.

Methods

Data from the Healthy Minds Study 2015–2019 (N = 251,310 U.S. university students) were used in a multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA). Participants were nested in 35 intersectional strata given by all combinations of 5 gender and 7 racial/ethnic categories. Multilevel logistic models with participants at level 1 and intersectional strata at level 2 were used to estimate stratum‐specific predicted prevalence estimates for self‐reported thin‐ideal internalization, ED symptoms, and ED diagnosis. The variance partition coefficient (VPC) was calculated to quantify the contextual effect of the strata.

Results

There was considerable heterogeneity in the predicted prevalence of our ED outcomes across the strata (e.g., .3%–18.3% for ED diagnoses). There were large disparities in all three outcomes, with transgender participants of color having a higher predicted prevalence than expected based on the additive effects of gender and race/ethnicity. Moderation by race/ethnicity was also apparent, such that racial/ethnic disparities were wider within the cisgender groups relative to the transgender groups. VPCs indicated that ~10% of the total variance in ED outcomes was due to intersectionality between gender and race/ethnicity, over and above variance due to individual‐level differences.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that gender and racial/ethnic disparities in EDs are interrelated, underscoring the need to develop preventive interventions centering health equity.

Public significance

Despite evidence that sexism, racism, and cissexism (i.e., anti‐transgender prejudice) can impact EDs risk, little research examines the social patterning of EDs at the intersection of diverse gender and racial/ethnic identities. Using data from a sample of 250,000 U.S. university students, this study found that gender and racial/ethnic disparities in eating disorder risk are interrelated, highlighting the need to develop health equity centered preventive interventions.
Cyanidin‐3‐galactoside from Aronia melanocarpa ameliorates PM10‐induced pulmonary inflammation by promoting PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway‐mediated alveolar macrophage mitophagy
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhang Xiaowei , Gao Yan , Tian Jinlong , Zhao Jin
Published: November 2023

Aronia melanocarpa is rich in anthocyanin, among which cyanidin‐3‐galactoside (C3G) is the most abundant. Here, we established an experimental model of mice and alveolar macrophage cell line MH‐S exposed to PM10, and C3G was administered to explore the underlying mechanism of C3G exerting protective effects on PM10‐induced lung inflammation. The results showed C3G alleviated PM10‐induced lung inflammation by reducing matrix metalloproteinases production at both gene and protein levels as well as pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Autophagy was activated in PM10‐injured alveolar macrophages (AMs), and C3G promoted autophagy indicated by LC3, BECN1, Atg5, Bcl‐2, and P62 expression, and C3G further resisted PM10‐induced AMs apoptosis. Besides, C3G could promote Pink1/Parkin‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy of AMs to alleviate the overexpression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) so that maintain mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP productions to restrict the distribution of Cyt‐c and further reduce the increasing of caspase 3/7 activity. Therefore, C3G enhanced the clearance of PM10‐damaged mitochondria by promoting AMs mitophagy, thereby reducing the activation of mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis pathway and the production of excess ROS, which reduced AMs apoptosis and secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors to ameliorate PM10‐induced pulmonary inflammation, suggesting that C3G may be as a functional food ingredient with the potential to improve lung health.
Synthesis of 7’‐Substituted 2’‐O‐4’‐C‐Ethylene Bridged Nucleic Acid (ENA)‐Thymidine Monomers
Authors: Sunchu Prabhakar , Gaurrand Sandrine , Lambert Émilie , Guillemont Jérôme , Beigelman Leonid , Brioche Julien , Piettre Serge R.
Published: November 2023

Derivatives of 2’‐O‐4’‐C‐Ethylene‐bridged Nucleic Acid (ENA) monomer, a nucleoside used in the preparation of antisense modified oligonucleotides and featuring an alkyl group in position 7’, are stereoselectively produced in nine steps from commercially available 3‐O‐benzyl‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐alpha‐D‐ribofuranose. The synthesis relies on a sequence of reactions involving a Tebbe olefination, a key ring‐closing metathesis, and an enol ether reduction.
Overcoming obstacles to prescribed fire in the North American Mediterranean climate zone
Authors: Williams John N , Quinn‐Davidson Lenya , Safford Hugh D , Grupenhoff Ashley , Middleton Beth Rose , Restaino Joe , Smith Edward , Adlam Chris , Rivera‐Huerta Hiram
Published: November 2023

Prescribed fire is an important management tool for restoring fire‐adapted ecosystems and mitigating the risk of high‐severity wildfire in the North American Mediterranean climate zone (NAMCZ), much of which was historically characterized by frequent low‐ to moderate‐severity fire. For over a century, policies that excluded fire, curtailed Indigenous cultural burning, and prioritized timber harvesting have, in combination with anthropogenic climate warming, driven large‐scale, high‐severity fires that are wreaking ecological and socioeconomic havoc. Despite its recognized need, the use of prescribed fire at appropriate scale has been slow to occur. We describe some of the principal obstacles to increasing the application of prescribed fire in the NAMCZ and suggest four strategies for policy makers and high‐level managers to overcome them: (1) redoubling federal and state agency commitment and rewarding assertive leadership, (2) increasing funding for prevention‐focused management (as opposed to suppression), (3) building capacity through cooperation, and (4) expanding monitoring to inform burn strategies and adaptive management.
Plant‐based meat alternatives in South Africa: An analysis of products on supermarket shelves
Authors: Moonaisur Nishanie , Marx‐Pienaar Nadene , de Kock Henrietta L.
Published: November 2023

All over the world, the development of products that resemble meat but contain predominantly plant‐sourced ingredients is a prime focus. Meat obtained by rearing animals is associated with a range of important issues related to the sustainability of the planet. Locally, the topic is trending and the cause of various debates among industry role players. This study aimed to explore and analyze plant‐based meat alternative (PBMA) products in the South African retail market as well as review internal (nutritional content and ingredients) and external (country of origin, cost/kg, and label claims) factors of the products. This study also compared the nutritional content of PBMA and comparative meat products. Seventy‐eight PBMA products were included: plant‐based sausages (n = 23), burgers (n = 31), chicken‐style (n = 11), mince (n = 8), and an “other” (n = 5) category providing for a variety of product lines. Information from product packaging (total fat, saturated fat, fiber, protein, sugar, sodium, carbohydrates, and energy density) was extracted for all PBMA (n = 78) and comparative meat product lines (n = 28). Meat products tended to be comparatively higher in saturated fat, while PBMAs were higher in carbohydrate, sugar, and dietary fiber content. Sodium content of plant‐based mince was approximately five times higher than beef mince. On‐pack claims for PBMAs included vegetarian/vegan/plant based (80% of products), high in/source of protein (48%), containing no genetically modified organisms (GMOs; 16%), and gluten free (26%). The plant protein trend has prompted innovation in PBMAs, however, wide nutrient ranges and higher sodium levels highlight the importance of nutrition guidelines for their development to ensure healthier product offerings to consumers. The findings of this study may assist in exploration of consumers' preferences/attitudes or engagement with PBMA products, which could, in turn, guide new product development within the category. However, information about possible barriers, drivers, consumer expectations, and attitudes toward these products is also required.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of investigating the mutual impact of COVID‐19 and psoriasis: Focusing on COVID‐19 course in psoriasis and the opinion on biologics in this setting
Authors: Ghoreishi Amin Nazila , Khosravi Sepehr , Atefi Najmolsadat , Seirafianpour Farnoosh , Farhoodi Sahand , Goodarzi Azadeh
Published: November 2023

Introduction

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to investigate the mutual impact of COVID‐19 and psoriasis to inform clinical practice and future research.

Methods

We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis protocol for systematic reviews and searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar until May 1, 2022. Eligibility criteria included full‐text articles in English reporting COVID‐19 treatment outcomes in psoriasis patients. Studies on animals, letters to editors, non‐English studies, and studies with no access to full articles were excluded. Search results were screened and data were extracted by two groups of reviewers with any discrepancies resolved by the senior author. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS‐I for nonrandomized studies. The hospitalization rate, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate, case fatality rate, odds ratios of COVID‐19 infection and hospitalization rate in psoriasis patients were extracted and analyzed using random effects analysis to calculate pooled prevalence and odds ratios, as well as to explore heterogeneity.

Results

We found 1980 records from four databases and included 20 studies after screening and removing duplicates. These studies evaluated 185,000 psoriasis patients and included eight retrospective cohort studies, one case‐control study, three cross‐sectional studies, and eight case series studies. The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on psoriasis treatment and the outcome of COVID‐19 infection in psoriasis patients receiving different forms of treatment were evaluated. The pooled data from included studies showed that the incidence rate of COVID‐19 infection among psoriasis patients was 0.03% (confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.06), with a pooled odds ratio of 1.97 (CI: 0.69–5.60) compared to the general population. The hospitalization rate, ICU admission rate, and case fatality rate for psoriasis patients with COVID‐19 were 0.17 (CI: 0.10–0.31), 0.06 (CI: 0.06–0.46), and 0.02 (CI: 0.01–0.04), respectively. Additionally, psoriasis patients receiving systemic nonbiologic therapy had a pooled odds ratio of 2.32 (CI: 1.18–4.57) for hospitalization compared to those using biologic agents.

Conclusion

Studies have shown that biologic therapy for psoriasis did not increase the risk of hospitalization due to COVID‐19 infection and may have even offered some protection. Treatment adherence was higher in psoriasis patients receiving biologic therapies than those receiving conventional therapies. These findings suggest that psoriasis treatment did not negatively impact COVID‐19 infection and that treatment could be continued on a case‐by‐case basis during the pandemic.
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl extract ameliorates ulcerative colitis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Tong Xiao , Chen Li , He Shijun , Liu Shuangshuang , Yao Jiaying , Shao Zhenguang , Ye Yang , Yao Sheng , Lin Zemin , Zuo Jianping
Published: November 2023

Background

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease, is caused by abnormal immune system reactions resulting in inflammation and ulcers in the large intestine. Phillygenin (PHI) is a natural compound found in Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, which is known for its antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory, antiobesity, and other biological activities. However, the therapeutic role and molecular mechanisms of PHI on UC are still insufficiently researched.

Methods

In this study, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and 2.5% 2,4,6‐trinitro‐Benzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced acute UC were used to investigate the therapeutic effects of PHI. We evaluated the effects of PHI on disease activity index (DAI), body weight, mortality, intestinal mucosal barrier, cytokine secretion, and macrophage infiltration into colon tissue using various techniques such as flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), RT‐qPCR, and Western blot analysis.

Results

Our findings revealed that PHI has therapeutic properties in UC treatment. PHI was able to maintain body weight, reduce DAI and mortality, restore the intestinal mucosal barrier, and inhibit cytokine secretion. Flow cytometry assay and immunofluorescence indicated that PHI reduces macrophage infiltration into colon tissue. Mechanistically, PHI may exert anti‐inflammatory effects by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway and inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Conclusion

In conclusion, PHI possesses significant anti‐inflammatory properties and is expected to be a potential drug for UC treatment. Our study delves into the underlying mechanisms of PHI therapy and highlights the potential for further research in developing PHI‐based treatments for UC.