bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of ultrasound and colored Doppler examination in the diagnosis and the classification of the superficial soft tissue vascular anomalies
Authors: Habib Asmaa Hussein Ibrahim , El-Kaffas Khalid Helmy , Mustafa Ahmed Sayed , Mashour Shady Nabil
Published: April 2022

Background

Vascular anomalies are congenital lesions of abnormal vascular development, and a primary distinction have to be made between a vascular tumor and a vascular malformation, hemangiomas are considered the commonest vascular tumor, correct diagnosis is imperative for appropriate treatment. In this report, we tried to verify the role of ultrasonography and Doppler examination in the initial diagnosis, the classification of vascular anomalies and in the post-treatment follow-up.

Results (main findings)

This report included cases of vascular anomalies who attended the interventional radiology department as well as the vascular anomaly clinic in Abo El-Rish hospitals during the period 2019 through 2021. Data of all patients attending the clinic were prospectively examined. Files of 60 cases with vascular anomalies were available for review. The diagnosis of vascular anomalies was done according to their history and characteristic findings at clinical examination as well as U/S and color Doppler examinations, MRI and angiographic studies were done as needed. A significant female predominance was noticed. A significant predominance in the head and neck region was noticed (60%). Treatment was individualized according to each case; propranolol was chosen as the first line of treatment in IH. Intra-lesional steroids injections were done in hemangiomas, and intra-lesional bleomycin was done in venous and lymphatic malformations, endovascular embolization was done in high flow vascular malformations.

Conclusion

Ultrasound and color Doppler examination were effective and accurate methods in the diagnosis, the classification of superficial soft tissue vascular anomalies, the detection of early complications and in the follow-up after different treatment methods applied, it was also beneficial in the exclusion of non-vascular lesions.
Representing the Poor: Interwar Documentary Film, Mass Observation, and Victor Gollancz Ltd.
Authors: Davies Luke Lewin
Published: April 2022

This article explores the emergence of a new mode of representing the poor that became dominant in Britain in the early twentieth century—a mode in which the “point of view” of impoverished people themselves was increasingly foregrounded. Focusing on examples drawn from documentary film, Mass Observation, and the publications of Victor Gollancz Ltd., the article considers how, while marking a kind of formal shift away from a late Victorian discourse of poverty, this development maintains that earlier discourse’s disciplinary agenda. In examining three case studies—John Taylor, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, and Ruby Grierson’s Housing Problems; Humphrey Jennings and Charles Madge’s Mass Observation Day Survey; and H. Beales and R. Lambert’s Memoirs of the Unemployed—it argues that the new point of view mode marked a continuation in the twentieth century of the outlook that shaped representations of poverty in the late Victorian era.
Fundamentals of the organization's economy
Authors: Mischenko Irina , Povolockaya Ol'ga , Fasenko Tat'yana
Published: April 2022

The textbook discusses the main provisions and categories of the organization's economy: the environment and organizational and legal forms of doing business; the resources and capital of a commercial organization; the basics of production planning and the financial and economic mechanism of activity; indicators and factors of economic efficiency of doing business. Thanks to an integrated approach to the presentation of the material, the activities of an economic entity (organization, enterprise, firm) in a market economy are characterized from various sides.
It contains situational tasks, control questions, tasks and tests for all sections of the course, can be used both when conducting seminars and practical classes directly, and for independent work.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for university students studying under academic bachelor's degree programs. It will also be useful for practitioners and students of professional retraining and advanced training programs.
Modern concept of interpretation of international treaties
Authors: Kapustin Anatoliy , Avhadeev Vladislav , Aznagulova G. , Bal'haeva Sayana , Gracheva Svetlana , Doronina Nataliya , D'yachenko E. , Kazancev Nikolay , Mehtiev Mehti , Orlova E. , Oganesyan T. , Pechegin D. , Sakaeva O. , Sidorenko A. , Entin Kirill
Published: April 2022

The monograph examines the most important elements of the modern concept of interpretation of international treaties, examines the history of the formation of the concept of interpretation of international treaties in doctrine and international practice, suggests approaches to conceptualizing the nature of interpretation of treaties, taking into account the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969.
Along with scientific and theoretical aspects, practical aspects of the interpretation of an international treaty are disclosed. The features of the interpretation of an international treaty in the practice of international organizations, including international integration organizations, international judicial bodies (ECHR, international judicial bodies for maritime disputes, the International Criminal Court, the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union) are analyzed, individual doctrines of treaty interpretation (evolutionary interpretation, interpretation of contextual elements) are investigated. The peculiarities of the interpretation of international investment treaties are revealed, the problems of the interpretation of international treaties in the decisions of international commercial arbitration are identified, the place of the interpretation of treaties in the concept of comparative international law is investigated. The concept of interpretation of international treaties by national judicial bodies of states with the involvement of the practice of Russian courts is proposed.
For researchers, teachers, students and postgraduates of law schools and faculties, as well as anyone interested in the problems of modern international law.
Modern relations between government and business: foreign and domestic experience
Authors: Brega Galina
Published: April 2022

The monograph comprehensively examines the models and experience of interaction between government and business of the leading modern economic systems. Close attention is paid to the Russian specifics of relations between the state and the business community, starting with the characteristics of the institutional foundations and changing business conditions in Russia and ending with the problem of trust. Such aspects of the relationship as the leading role of the state in economic management, inconsistency of legislative regulation of entrepreneurial activity, excessive fiscal administration and tax burden, insufficient level of professionalism of personnel, social responsibility of business are disclosed. The empirical basis of the monograph is a study that was carried out within the framework of the RFBR grant "New models of interaction between the government and the industrial community in conditions of increasing risks of technological development under the influence of international sanctions".
It is addressed to researchers and university teachers, graduate students and students specializing in the field of business relations and public authorities, as well as related fields of scientific research.
A deficit model
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: April 2022

The focus on school readiness has only been amplified by the pandemic. The narrative of children starting school ‘developmentally delayed’ and ‘two months behind’ feeds into ‘age related expectation’; taking practitioners and teachers further away from spending quality time with children to support their holistic learning and development.
Nursery chains and takeovers
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: April 2022

The early years sector, with its combination of schools-based provision and private, voluntary and independent settings, forms a very mixed market. In recent years, increasing numbers of privately run nurseries have been bought up by larger chains. Sue Cowley looks at the implications of this for staff pay and conditions, and potentially on sustainability in the sector.
Where do children's rights come in?
Authors: Meechan David
Published: April 2022

This is the third article in the series ‘We need to talk about tracking’. The previous two have looked at practitioner perspectives (Sept 2021) and parent perspectives (Feb 2022) of assessment. This article will introduce the idea of a rights based approach and consider key people involved in assessment processes in the early years.
A holistic look at physical development
Authors: Swift Tania , Hewson Claire
Published: April 2022

Engaging in physical activities from an early age has far reaching benefits for children. Not only does it build a healthy body, but it also promotes emotional, social and cognitive development. Therefore, it is vital that physical activity is integrated into children's daily lives.
Education for all
Authors: Archer Nathan
Published: April 2022

Dr Nathan Archer reflects on the origins of Montessori pedagogy and its reach in the twenty-first century. Being keen to dispel the myths of exclusivity around Montessori education, Dr Archer shares with us his plans to research provision of Montessori education in socially disadvantaged areas in the UK.
Supporting learning at home
Authors: Demetriadi Nicola
Published: April 2022

‘Partnership working’ is a term we are all familiar with in the early years. However, are we sure we are really meeting the EYFS statutory requirements for working in partnership with the child's family?
REVIEWS
Authors: Baker Charlotte , Hewson Claire , Rawstrone Annette
Published: April 2022

The feelings, emotions and resilience of children are the focus of May's professional book reviews. They include games, visual aids, and activity ideas. The picture books build on the focus of the Working with families page in the Practice Insight supplement – blended families. They support children's understanding of blended families by exploring a wide range of different family types. This month also features a picture book to help support children's counting during the month of Easter.
A journey of social impact
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: April 2022

Having been inspired to become a teacher after working in policy, Jonny Amiss has now undertaken a journey focusing on social impact; seeking to explore ways in which we can address the inequalities present in our society through a systematic level approach.
Passively Q-switched microchip laser based picosecond light source in the visible-red to near-infrared band for semiconductor excitation
Authors: Marianovich André , Spiekermann Stefan , Brendel Moritz , Wessels Peter , Neumann Jörg , Weyers Markus , Kracht Dietmar
Published: April 2022

We developed a visible-red to near-infrared wavelength tunable all-solid-state laser system utilizing an optical parametric generation process in a MgO doped PPLN crystal pumped at 532 nm by an amplified and frequency doubled picosecond passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 microchip laser. A broad bandwidth, tuneable over 300 nm between 710 nm to 1015 nm, is accessible. Depending on the green pump light pulse energy, pulses with durations down to 69 ps as well as pulses with energies above 2 µJ were achieved with kHz repetition rates.
Control of the orbital angular momentum via radial numbers of structured Laguerre–Gaussian beams
Authors: Volyar A. , Abramochkin E. , Akimova Ya. , Bretsko M.
Published: April 2022

We found that the internal perturbations of the structured Laguerre–Gaussian beam in the form of two-parametric harmonic excitations of the Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes in its composition mix up the radial and azimuthal numbers. The harmonic excitation is characterized by two parameters, one of them controls the amplitude of the HG modes, and the second parameter controls the phases of each HG mode. It was revealed that this mixing of the beam quantum numbers leads to the possibility of controlling the orbital angular momentum (OAM) by means of radial numbers. Non-zero radial numbers lead to rapid OAM oscillations as the phase parameter changes, while oscillations disappear if the radial number is zero. We have also shown that the variation of the phase parameter in a wide range of values does not change the modulus of the total topological charge of the structured beam, despite the fast OAM oscillations.
Effectiveness of government policies in response to the first COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Dergiades Theologos , Milas Costas , Mossialos Elias , Panagiotidis Theodore
Published: April 2022

This paper assesses the quantitative impact of government interventions on deaths related to the first COVID-19 outbreak. Using daily data for 32 countries and relying on the stringency of the conducted policies, we find that the greater the strength of government interventions at an early stage, the more effective these are in slowing down or reversing the growth rate of deaths. School closures have a significant impact on reducing the growth rate of deaths, which is less powerful compared to the case where a number of policy interventions are combined together. These results can be informative for governments in responding to future pandemics.
In silico analyses of penicillin binding proteins in Burkholderia pseudomallei uncovers SNPs with utility for phylogeography, species differentiation, and sequence typing
Authors: McLaughlin Heather P. , Gulvik Christopher A. , Sue David
Published: April 2022

Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis. Sequence typing this pathogen can reveal geographical origin and uncover epidemiological associations. Here, we describe B. pseudomallei genes encoding putative penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and investigate their utility for determining phylogeography and differentiating closely related species. We performed in silico analysis to characterize 10 PBP homologs in B. pseudomallei 1026b. As PBP active site mutations can confer β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, PBP sequences in two resistant B. pseudomallei strains were examined for similar alterations. Sequence alignments revealed single amino acid polymorphisms (SAAPs) unique to the multidrug resistant strain Bp1651 in the transpeptidase domains of two PBPs, but not directly within the active sites. Using BLASTn analyses of complete assembled genomes in the NCBI database, we determined genes encoding PBPs were conserved among B. pseudomallei (n = 101) and Burkholderia mallei (n = 26) strains. Within these genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) useful for predicting geographic origin of B. pseudomallei were uncovered. SNPs unique to B. mallei were also identified. Based on 11 SNPs identified in two genes encoding predicted PBP-3s, a dual-locus sequence typing (DLST) scheme was developed. The robustness of this typing scheme was assessed using 1,523 RefSeq genomes from B. pseudomallei (n = 1,442) and B. mallei (n = 81) strains, resulting in 32 sequence types (STs). Compared to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), the DLST scheme demonstrated less resolution to support the continental separation of Australian B. pseudomallei strains. However, several STs were unique to strains originating from a specific country or region. The phylogeography of Western Hemisphere B. pseudomallei strains was more highly resolved by DLST compared to internal transcribed spacer (ITS) typing, and all B. mallei strains formed a single ST. Conserved genes encoding PBPs in B. pseudomallei are useful for strain typing, can enhance predictions of geographic origin, and differentiate strains of closely related Burkholderia species.
Experimental Schistosoma japonicum-induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kassa Biruk , Lee Michael H. , Kumar Rahul , Mickael Claudia , Sanders Linda , Tuder Rubin M. , Mentink-Kane Margaret , Graham Brian B.
Published: April 2022

Background

Schistosomiasis, a major cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) worldwide, is most clearly described complicating infection by one species,Schistosoma mansoni. Controlled exposure of mice can be used to induce Type 2 inflammation-dependentS.mansonipulmonary hypertension (PH). We sought to determine if another common species,S.japonicum, can also cause experimental PH.

Methods

Schistosome eggs were obtained from infected mice, and administered by intraperitoneal sensitization followed by intravenous challenge to experimental mice, which underwent right heart catheterization and tissue analysis.

Results

S.japonicumsensitized and challenged mice developed PH, which was milder than that followingS.mansonisensitization and challenge. The degree of pulmonary vascular remodeling and Type 2 inflammation in the lungs was similarly proportionate. Cross-sensitization revealed that antigens from either species are sufficient to sensitize for intravenous challenge with either egg, and the degree of PH severity depended on primarily the species used for intravenous challenge. Compared to a relatively uniform distribution ofS.mansonieggs,S.japonicumeggs were observed in clusters in the lungs.

Conclusions

S.japonicumcan induce experimental PH, which is milder than that resulting from comparableS.mansoniexposure. This difference may result from the distribution of eggs in the lungs, and is independent of which species is used for sensitization. This result is consistent with the clearer association betweenS.mansoniinfection and the development of schistosomiasis-associated PAH in humans.
Enumeration of citrus endophytic bacterial communities based on illumine metagenomics technique
Authors: Mushtaq Sehrish , Shafiq Muhammad , Ashraf Tehseen , Haider Muhammad Saleem , Atta Sagheer , Almaary Khalid S. , Elshikh Mohammad Soliman
Published: April 2022

Citrus is a valuable crop in Pakistan. It is rich in vitamin C, other nutrients and antioxidants. Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by a bacterium “Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas), africanus and americanus has an influence on citrus production around the world. Beside HLB there exist several other bacterial species in citrus groves in Pakistan. The structure and diversity of bacterial species in various ecosystems can be quickly examined using NGS. This approach is considerably quicker and more precise than outdated methods. Healthy or citrus greening infected leaf samples of Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), C. aurantifolia, and C. reticulata Blanco were used for diversity analysis. In this study high throughput, NGS technique was used to access the population of both cultivable and non-cultivable bacterial endophytes from citrus leaves, by using PCR amplicons of 16S rDNA sequences (V5–V7 regions) with Illumina Hi seq. As a result, a total number of 68,722 sequences were produced from the test samples. According to the NGS-based diversity classification, the most common genera of exploited bacterial endophytes were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria. C. aurantifolia and C. paradisi showed almost equal diversity, whereas C. reticulata Blanco had a higher proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria in their leaves. To determine alpha diversity (AD), additional data was analyzed using statistical indices such as Shannon, Chao1, and Simpson. According to the inverse Simpson diversity index, the abundance of the microbial population in six different citrus samples was 0.48, 0.567, and 0.163, respectively. The metagenomics of microbiota in plant tissues was successfully recorded by NGS technology, which can help us learn more about the interactions between plants and microbes. This research is the first step toward a better understanding of 16SrRNA-based metagenomics from citrus in Pakistan using Illumina (Hi seq) Technology.
Fishing grounds footprint and economic freedom indexes: Evidence from Asia-Pacific
Authors: Amin Sajjad , Li Chuang , Khan Yousaf Ali , Bibi Amina
Published: April 2022

Environmental challenges are as wide as the universe so that its different dimensions can be the subject of diverse studies. In this research, using 17 data from Asia-Pacific during the period 2000 to 2017, an attempt has been made to investigate the economic factors responsible for the ecological footprint in the fishing sector. The main contribution of the present study is to investigate the effects of nine economic freedom indicators along with other control variables on environmental pressure on the status of fishery resources. Based on the results, the Kuznets curve hypothesis was confirmed in the fishing grounds footprint, so that the growth of GDP per capita shows a positive and significant effect, while its squared form coefficient is negative. Other control variables including natural resource rents, urbanization, and energy intensity, do not show significant effects on the fishing footprint. The different components of economic freedom show different effects, while their cumulative effects in the form of the total economic freedom index have a positive effect on the footprint of fishing and lead to increased extraction from fishing resources. The results show that the Government Integrity, Tax Burden, Business Freedom, Monetary Freedom indices increase the fishing footprint, while the indices of trade freedom and investment freedom, by revealing the negative effects on the fishing footprint, have beneficial environmental effects in reducing the pressure on the aquatic resources of countries. The results of the present study reveal the need to examine how the various dimensions of economic freedom affect to provide the proper management of fishery resources.
Deep learning time series prediction models in surveillance data of hepatitis incidence in China
Authors: Xia Zhaohui , Qin Lei , Ning Zhen , Zhang Xingyu
Published: April 2022

Background

Precise incidence prediction of Hepatitis infectious disease is critical for early prevention and better government strategic planning. In this paper, we presented different prediction models using deep learning methods based on the monthly incidence of Hepatitis through a national public health surveillance system in China mainland.

Methods

We assessed and compared the performance of three deep learning methods, namely, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) prediction model, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) prediction model, and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) prediction model. The data collected from 2005 to 2018 were used for the training and prediction model, while the data are split via 5-Fold cross-validation. The performance was evaluated based on three metrics: mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).

Results

Among the year 2005–2018, 20,924,951 cases and 11,892 deaths were supervised in the system. Hepatitis B (HB) is the most disease-causing incidence and death, and the proportion is greater than 70 percent, while the percentage of the incidence and deaths is decreased much in 2018 compared with 2005. Based on the measured errors and the visualization of the three neural networks, there is no one model predicting the incidence cases that can be completely superior to other models. When predicting the number of incidence cases for HB, the performance ranking of the three models from high to low is LSTM, BPNN, RNN, while it is LSTM, RNN, BPNN for Hepatitis C (HC). while the MAE, MSE and MAPE of the LSTM model for HB, HC are 3.84*10−06, 3.08*10−11, 4.981, 8.84*10−06, 1.98*10−12,5.8519, respectively.

Conclusions

The deep learning time series predictive models show their significance to forecast the Hepatitis incidence and have the potential to assist the decision-makers in making efficient decisions for the early detection of the disease incidents, which would significantly promote Hepatitis disease control and management.
A fossil assemblage from the mid–late Maastrichtian of Gavdos Island, Greece, provides insights into the pre-extinction pelagic ichthyofaunas of the Tethys
Authors: Argyriou Thodoris , Alexopoulos Apostolos , Carrillo-Briceño Jorge D. , Cavin Lionel
Published: April 2022

The global body-fossil record of marine ‘fishes’ from the time interval immediately preceding the Cretaceous–Paleogene Extinction is markedly poor. This deficiency appears to be further exacerbated with regards to offshore and deep-water taxa, obscuring our understanding of the state and composition of corresponding vertebrate faunas at the onset of this major extinction event. Recent fieldwork in the mid–late Maastrichtian exposures of the Pindos Unit in Gavdos Island, Greece, yielded a small but informative sample of fossil ‘fishes’, which inhabited the Tethys approximately three to four million years before the extinction. In this work we describe this sample, which comprises between eight and nine discrete morphotypes of various size classes, belonging to †Ichthyodectoidei, Aulopiformes (†Dercetidae, †Enchodontidae, †Ichthyotringidae), cf. †Sardinioididae, as well as the hexanchid shark †Gladioserratussp. The new material expands the faunal list for the Maastrichtian of Gavdos Island, and the Pindos Unit as a whole, and further allows for the description of a new genus and species of †Enchodontidae and a new species of †Ichthyotringidae. The two new taxa are found to be widespread in the Maastrichtian of the Pindos Unit. The overall character of the assemblage agrees with previous interpretations of an offshore and rather deep depositional environment for the fossiliferous horizons. Furthermore, it exhibits a higher diversity than, and little taxonomic overlap with penecontemporaneous teleost assemblages from the Tethys, and informs on the otherwise poorly known Maastrichtian offshore and deep-water marine ichthyofaunas of the region.
Isotopic reconstruction of short to absent breastfeeding in a 19th century rural Dutch community
Authors: Waters-Rist Andrea L. , de Groot Kees , Hoogland Menno L. P.
Published: April 2022

Artificial feeding of young infants is considered a modern phenomenon. However, historical sources note its practice in some past European populations. This research explores factors that contributed to a short to absent period of breastfeeding in pre-modern Netherlands. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis is undertaken on 277 19thcentury individuals from Beemster, a, rural, mainly Protestant, dairy farming community. An intra-individual sampling approach for ≤6 year-olds compares newer metaphyseal to older diaphyseal long bone collagen to classify feeding status at death. Archivally identified individuals permit analyses of sex and year-of-death. Few infants have isotopic evidence for breastfeeding and, if present, it was likely of short duration or a minor source of dietary protein. From only a few weeks to months of age infants were fed cow’s milk and paps with sugar. There is broad dietary homogeneity with no sex or temporal isotopic differences, but young infants (1–11 months) have the most ẟ15N and ẟ13C variation highlighting the effect of multiple dietary and physiological processes. Beemster had many factors associated with high rates of breastfeeding in other Dutch communities, yet, most mothers did not breastfeed, or not for long, showing that regional variation in infant feeding is influenced by community values and traditions. On top of child rearing and domestic chores, female dairy farmers were in charge of milking cattle and dairy production, an important income source, suggesting high workload was also a factor in short or absent breastfeeding periods, aided by the constant supply of fresh milk that could be fed to an infant by an older sibling.
Understanding load in netball – An analysis of multiple seasons, phases, and teams
Authors: Bruce Lyndell , Bardzinski Tanisha , Dwyer Dan
Published: April 2022

Studies of training and competition load in sport are usually based on data that represents a sample of a league and or annual training program. These studies sometimes explore important factors that are affected by load, such as training adaptations and injury risk. The generalisability of the conclusions of these studies, can depend on how much load varies between seasons, training phases and teams. The interpretation of previous load studies and the design of future load studies should be influenced by an understanding of how load can vary across seasons, training phases and between teams. The current study compared training loads (session rating of perceived exertion x session duration) between all (8) teams in an elite Netball competition for multiple (2) season phases and (2) seasons. A total of 29,545 records of athlete session training loads were included in the analysis. Linear mixed models identified differences between seasons and training phases (p < .05). There were also differences between teams and a complex set of interactions between these three factors (season, phase, and team) (p < .05). While the absolute value of the training loads reported here are only relevant to elite netball, these results illustrate that when data is sampled from a broader context, the range and variation in load may increase. This highlights the importance of cautiously interpreting and generalisation of findings from load studies that use limited data sets.
Identification and molecular characterization of a novel non-specific lipid transfer protein (TdLTP2) from durum wheat
Authors: Missaoui Khawla , Gonzalez-Klein Zulema , Jemli Sonia , Garrido-Arandia Maria , Diaz-Perales Araceli , Tome-Amat Jaime , Brini Faiçal
Published: April 2022

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, cysteine-rich proteins, a part of the pathogenesis-related protein family, and numerous of them act as positive regulators during plant disease resistance, growth, and reproduction. These proteins are involved also in the intracellular transfer of lipids, as well as in plant immune responses. Besides their differences in sequences, they show similar features in their structure. However, they show distinct lipid-binding specificities signifying their various biological roles that dictate further structural study. This study reports the identification, in silico characterization and purification of a novel member of the nsLTP2 protein family from durum wheat, TdLTP2. It was generated and purified using the combination of gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Its identity was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). TdLTP2 had been expressed in different stress to detect its localization; therefore, fluor-immunolocalization studies accomplished this data. In this approach, to assess the allergenicity of TdLTP2, thirty patients with baker’s asthma were enrolled and ELISA to detect the presence of specific IgE antibodies tested their sera. Moreover, the lipid-binding properties of TdLTP2 were examined in vitro and validated using a molecular docking study. In summary, our results demonstrate a new addition of member in plant nsLTPs family, TdLTP2, which can develop a better understanding about its biological functions and shed light on future applications.
Response of vertically-loaded pile in spatially-variable cement-treated soil
Authors: Wu Tianyue , Sun Zhaohua , Tan Wanxia , Kasu Cauderty Munashe , Gong Jian
Published: April 2022

Despite the extensive application prospects of piles in cement-treated soil, few studies have explored the ultimate bearing capacity especially in consideration of the spatial variability of cement-treated soil. This study examines the performance of driven piles which were installed inside the cement-treated ground, considering the inherent spatial variability of the cemented soil and the positioning error during piles installation through finite element analyses. The deterministic and random finite element analysis results have shown that the shaft resistance mainly provided the ultimate bearing resistance of piles in cement-treated soil. The spatial variability reduced the global performance of pile installed through a cement-treated soil. The ultimate bearing resistance of the pile inserted in cement-treated soil was controlled by drained condition. Drained ultimate bearing resistance should be used to determine the design working compression load of pile in cement-treated soil.
Supporting Urban-Oriented Teacher Candidates to Experience Rural Schooling: The Story of a Virtual Adapted Practicum
Authors:   Bishop’s University, Pattison-Meek Joanne
Published: April 2022

In the fall of 2020, due to the institutional impacts of COVID-19, the Master of Teaching Program in the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (Canada) transitioned to a modified practicum program. In this article, I draw on self-study (Kitchen et al., 2020) to examine and share my experiences as a Practicum Advisor tasked to design and deliver a four-week virtual practicum program for 30 teacher candidates, without access to high school classrooms. I reflect on how my rural teacher and researcher selves informed my practicum design in one of Canada’s largest urban faculties of education, including teacher candidates’ development of data portraits based on one rural case study high school. A virtual adapted practicum presented me with a narrow opening, in an otherwise urban-dominant curriculum, to expand teacher candidates’ gaze beyond the metropolis.
Polygonum subaphyllum Sumnev. – a new species in the flora of Russia
Authors: Tupitsyna Natalya N.
Published: April 2022

Polygonum subaphyllum is reported here as a new species for the flora of Russia based on collections from several Siberian regions (Novosibirsk Region, Altai Territory, Trans-Baikal Territory and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) revealed among the materials of NS and KRAS. In Siberia, Polygonum subaphyllum grows in solonetzic steppes, on sands, on agricultural fields and along the roads. It belongs to Polygonum sect. Polygonum subsect. Patula (Polygonaceae). The key for identification of Siberian species of subsection Patula (P. subaphyllum, P. novoascanicum and P. patulum) is given.
Disease Burden and Unmet Need in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Bredenoord Albert J. , Patel Kiran , Schoepfer Alain M. , Dellon Evan S. , Chehade Mirna , Aceves Seema S. , Spergel Jonathan M. , Shumel Brad , Deniz Yamo , Rowe Paul J. , Jacob-Nara Juby A.
Published: April 2022

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, progressive, type 2 inflammatory disease of increasing prevalence, characterized by symptoms of dysphagia and reduced quality of life. A dysregulated type 2 immune response to food and aeroallergen leads to barrier dysfunction, chronic esophageal inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. Patients with EoE have impaired quality of life because of dysphagia and other symptoms. They may also suffer social and psychological implications of food-related illness and expensive out-of-pocket costs associated with treatment. Disease burden in EoE is often compounded by the presence of comorbid type 2 inflammatory diseases. Current conventional treatments include elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors, and swallowed topical corticosteroids, as well as esophageal dilation in patients who have developed strictures. These treatments demonstrate variable response rates and may not always provide long-term disease control. There is an unmet need for long-term histologic, endoscopic, and symptomatic disease control; for targeted therapies that can normalize the immune response to triggers, reduce chronic inflammation, and limit or prevent remodeling and fibrosis; and for earlier diagnosis, defined treatment outcomes, and a greater understanding of patient perspectives on treatment. In addition, healthcare professionals need a better understanding of the patient perspective on disease burden, the disconnect between symptoms and disease activity, and the progressive nature of EoE and the need for continuous monitoring and maintenance treatment. In this review, we explore the progression of disease over the patient's lifespan, highlight the patient perspective on disease, and discuss the unmet need for effective long-term treatments.
Pediatric Aspects of Nutrition Interventions for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction
Authors: Nurko Samuel , Benninga Marc A. , Solari Toni , Chumpitazi Bruno P.
Published: April 2022

Dietary factors may play an important role in the generation of symptoms in children with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). Although dietary modification may provide successful treatment, there is a relative paucity of controlled trials that have shown the effectiveness of dietary interventions. This study is a narrative review that explores the existing literature on food and pediatric DGBIs. The following have been shown to be beneficial: (i) in infants with colic, removing cow's milk from the infant's diet or from the maternal diet in those who are breastfed; (ii) in infants with regurgitation, adding thickeners to the formula or removing cow's milk protein from the infant's diet or the maternal diet in those who are breastfed; and (iii) in children with pain-predominant DGBIs, using soluble fiber supplementation or a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet. In children with functional constipation, there is no evidence that adding fiber is beneficial. Given that most dietary interventions include restriction of different foods in children, a thoughtful approach and close follow-up are needed.
Evidence-Based and Emerging Dietary Approaches to Upper Disorders of Gut–Brain Interaction
Authors: Tack Jan , Tornblom Hans , Tan Victoria , Carbone Florencia
Published: April 2022

Food ingestion is a major symptom trigger in functional esophageal and gastroduodenal disorders and gastroparesis. This review summarizes current knowledge and identifies areas of research on the role of food factors and the opportunities for dietary intervention in these disorders. While many patients experiencing functional esophageal and gastroduodenal disorders identify specific food items as symptom triggers, available data do not allow the identification of specific nutrient groups that are more likely to induce symptoms. In functional dyspepsia (FD), recent studies have shown the potential efficacy of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, although the underlying mechanism of action is unclear. Reports of favorable responses to gluten elimination in patients with FD are confounded by the concomitant benefit of reduced intake of fructans, fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols present in wheat. Emerging data based on a 6-food elimination diet and confocal laser endomicroscopic evaluation of mucosal responses to food proteins suggest a role for duodenal allergic reactions in FD symptom generation. In patients with gastroparesis, a low-residue diet has been shown to improve symptoms. Novel dietary approaches under evaluation are the Mediterranean diet and the heating/cooling diet approach.
Comparative flexural performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SCFRC) ribbed slab with different fibre provision area
Authors: Ahmad Hazrina , Mohd Hashim Mohd Hisbany , Abu Bakar Afidah , Ahmad Zakwan Fariz Aswan , Ismail Ruqayyah
Published: April 2022

The flexural performance of three SCFRC ribbed slabs with different fibre provision area were investigated in this paper; in both ribs and flange (SFWS), ribs only with additional welded mesh in flange (SFT) and in ribs only (SFR). Short hooked end fibres of 35 mm length of 1% volume fraction was blended with the flowable self-compacting concrete (SCC) were used as the material for the slabs. Slab samples of 2.8 × 1.2 × 0.2 m were constructed and loaded until failure under four- point bending. Investigation was carried out in view of the load bearing capacity, deflection, energy absorption capacity as well as the failure modes. The influence of the steel fibre provision on the strain distribution was also examined.
Application of high performance concrete for reconstruction
Authors: Broukalová Iva , Kohoutková Alena , Horáková Anna , Schreiberová Hana
Published: April 2022

One of the sustainability aspects of the construction is a sufficient durability. In objectively justified cases, the durability is enhanced by reconstruction. To ensure economic design of the reconstruction, non-liner approaches are often applied. This paper deals with aănonlinear numerical simulation of disassembled reinforced concrete (RC) panels strengthened by an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) layer. Based on the prior experimental programme, simulations of four-point bending tests of the original and strengthened panels are created using software ATENA Science. Calibration of the material parameters is based on the destructive and non-destructive investigations performed in the experimental programme. The comparison of the experimental and numerical model loading curves indicates that additional mechanical testing will be needed in order to achieve an accurate numerical simulation. Although the bending test of the RC panel and the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) test performed on the applied UHPC beam were calibrated, the final model of the UHPC strengthened panel does not correspond completely with the experimental measurements. In this paper the possible reasons for this result are discussed.
Natural fiber-reinforced light-weight cement blocks prepared from waste for sustainable development
Authors: Chandeng Latda , Meesak Thanawat , Tuakta Chakrapan , Wisuthseriwong Tidarut , Ueda Tamon , Jongprateep Oratai
Published: April 2022

Low density of the light-weight cement blocks offers an advantage in terms of dead load reduction, which is advantageous in structural design-reduction of size and numbers of load-carrying structural components is possible. Production of cement blocks, however, generally requires Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) which creates harmful environmental impacts. Utilization of waste as alternative raw materials for cement production is a route to alleviate the problem. This research aims at synthesizing eco-friendly cement-like material for production of light-weight cement blocks. The cement-like material were prepared from eggshells, cockleshells, and rice husk ash (RHA). With high content of calcium oxide and silica, eggshells and cockleshells are potential sources of calcium, whereas RHA is a good source of silicon. Additionally, a fuel-efficient solution combustion technique was employed in synthesis of the cement-like material. Phase identification analysis of the synthesized powder indicated that tri-calcium silicate (C3S), di-calcium silicate (C2S), tri-calcium aluminate (C3A),and tetra-calcium alumino ferrite (C4AF), which are main constituents of OPC, were obtained. To fabricate eco-friendly light-weight cement blocks, the synthesized cement-like material were mixed with cement, water, and additional RHA and cast into blocks. The optimal compressive strength and density of the cement blocks were in comparable range with the standard light-weight concrete defined by Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) and American Concrete Institute (ACI 213,2001). With jute fiber reinforcement, enhanced compressive strength of 20% was achieved, while elimination of spalling after compression test was clearly evident, implying a more ductile failure.
TRC sandwich solution for energy retrofitting
Authors: Colombo Isabella Giorgia , Colombo Matteo , Di Prisco Marco
Published: April 2022

Concerning energy improvement of existing façades, a favourable system involves prefabricated multilayer panels, made of internal insulation core and outer textile reinforced concrete layers. It is a convincing alternative to external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) and ventilated façades, and it meets all the requirements for façade systems. The main advantage is the possibility toapply the panel using a crane, without any scaffolding. The paper considers two solutions: the former uses expanded polystyrene (EPS) as insulating material; the latter substitutes EPS with an innovative green insulation material made of inorganic diatomite. The paper aims at comparing the solutions in terms of mechanical properties of the components and behaviour of the composite sandwich at lab-scale level. Numerical models, previously calibrated, will be instrumental for the discussion.
Circular concrete: validating new technologies in the lab and on-site
Authors: Dooms Bram , Vrijders Jeroen
Published: April 2022

The growing importance of a circular economy also holds possibilities for concrete. Some of the principles of circularity, like the re-use of "waste" as secondary raw material and the optimisation of the design with regards to lifespan, environmental impact and re-use, can be applied. Several technological innovations in this domain are in an advanced stage of development. However, the transition from research to full commercial applications is held back, mostly due to the absence of documented experience and the lack of a technical framework (prescriptions). In order to accelerate the adoption of new technologies, the Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI) started the project "Circular.Concrete". In this paper, the results are presented of validation tests regarding 1) smart crushing technology, 2) the carbonation of recycled aggregates, 3) concrete using only recycled aggregates and 4) the use of alternative binders and supplementary cementitious materials.
Advanced hybrid nonmetallic composite reinforcement for concrete structures
Authors: Falikman Vyacheslav Ruvimovich , Ilyin Dmitry Anatolievich , Stepanova Valentina Fedorovna
Published: April 2022

During the last decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure has been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars became commercially available. However, major shortcomings of the existing FRP bars are its low elastic modulus and high initial cost compared to conventional steel bars. The possibility to obtain a hybrid composite reinforcement (HCR) with increased performance based on glass and carbon fibers (GCFRP) is considered. The optimal content of carbon fibers in the amount of 6.3 − 6.5 % of the mass of the HCR was established. Further increase in the carbon fiber content gives a slight improvement in physical and technical characteristics, which is not comparable to the increase in the cost of the material. The manufacturing technology of HCR has been developed. The effect of hybridization on tensile properties of FRP bars were obtained by comparing the results of tensile test with those of non-hybrid GFRP bars. Operation regularities of HCR in the bent concrete beams are established. HCR can increase the stiffness of concrete beams by 15 % and crack resistance by 12 % in comparison with glass composite reinforcement. Dependences for predicting the HCR elasticity modulus are established. Physical and technical characteristics of HCR, including adhesion to concrete and resistance to the alkaline medium, were established. High durability of HCR for more than 50 years is experimentally shown. Experimental-industrial concrete piles, reinforced with GCFRP bars were produced and tested. For further development, new types of HCR, as well as a study of prestressed concrete structures are recommended.