bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Publicidad nativa, un análisis de su relación con la desinformación
Authors: López del Castillo Wilderbeek Francisco Leslie
Published: June 2021

Este estudio ha analizado y comparado si la publicidad nativa se puede relacionar con casos de estudio de fake news desde la perspectiva de la desinformación. Para encontrar similitudes sobre la forma de desinformación presente en estos contenidos se ha empleado la metodología propuesta por Wardle y Derakhshan. Los resultados obtenidos permiten advertir que las noticias falsas se basan principalmente en la invención sobre la información propagada, mientras que las falsas campañas de relaciones públicas adoptan además la ocultación de la fuente de la información. Por su parte, la publicidad nativa se encontraría en el ámbito de la información veraz, aunque esté presente una tendencia minoritaria hacia el falseamiento del productor del contenido.
Okul Gelişim Alanlarındaki Uygulamalara İlişkin Okul Müdürlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: SARIER Yılmaz , UYSAL Şengül
Published: July 2021

Etkili okullar, öğrencileri, bedensel, zihinsel ve duygusal yönden geliştirerek, onları gelecekteki rollerine hazırlayan işlevsel özellikleri olan eğitim örgütleridir. Çalışmada, Eskişehir ili Odunpazarı ilçesinde, 2023 Vizyonunda belirtilen okul gelişim alanlarından (akademik, sosyal-sportif ve kültürel, proje ve kurumsal kapasite) en az bir tanesinde öne çıktığı belirlenen örnek okulların ve uygulamalarının analiz edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmaya dört okul müdürü katılmıştır. Bu hedef doğrultusunda belirlenen örnek okulların uygulamaları, okul yöneticisi, öğretmen, öğrenci, aile ve çevre, okul iklimi açısından analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemine dayalı ve fenomenoloji deseninde kurgulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma, elde edilen verilerin kodlanması, temaların bulunması, kodların ve temaların düzenlenmesi, bulguların tanımlanması ve yorumlanması şeklinde dört aşamada analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada okul müdürleri, okullarında öncelikli olarak öğrenci ve öğretmen mutluluğu ve memnuniyetini temel aldıklarını, genel olarak paydaşların büyük çoğunluğunun okulda mutlu olduklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Okul müdürleri karar alma sürecinde ise tüm paydaşları süreçlere dahil ettiklerini, toplantılarda katılımcı yönetim anlayışını benimsediklerini, paydaşlara her türlü görüşü açıklama fırsatı sunduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Öğrenci gelişimi teması altında sınav, yarışma, öğretim etkinlikleri, sosyal, sportif ve kültürel etkinlik kodlarının sık sık tekrarlandığı görülmüştür. Öğrencilerden beklentiler teması altında milli ve manevi değerleri benimseme, Türkçeyi etkin kullanma, nitelikli öğrenci davranışları gösterme kodları sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Okul iklimi uygulamaları teması altında, güvenilir çevre, açık ve şeffaf yönetim, adil yönetim kodları öne çıkmıştır. Okulların fiziki şartları ve donanımları, öğrencilerin sosyal-sportif-kültürel ve sanatsal etkinlikleri sıklıkla yapabileceği hale getirilebilir. Okul binasının bahçesi, derslikleri, rengi vb. öğrenci ihtiyaç ve beklentilerine göre projelendirilebilir.
Cuarenta años de Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Aragón Reyes Manuel
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un balance de lo que ha supuesto el Tribunal Constitucional español en sus cuarenta años de efectiva justicia constitucional desde todas y cada una de las vertientes en las que su función se desenvuelve.
(In)Conveniently Disposable: Waste Concern doesn‟t Affect Plastic Consumption
Authors:   the Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia, Ragusa Angela T. , Crampton Andrea
Published: June 2021

Mixed-methods analysis of >400 online social surveys conducted at an Australian organisation is presented to identify individuals most likely to consider the environmental impact of packaging when making purchase decisions, including bottled water, and/or take their own shopping bags/coffee cups to minimise plastic consumption. Findings are compared for two social groups, the minority (33%) who articulated ‘waste’ as a personal environmental concern, and the majority. With high disposable coffee cup consumption existing alongside ‘most’ product-choices based on their pro-environmental packaging, findings further green ‘attitude/behaviour’ gap explorations. Given legislated plastic reduction initiatives yielded greatest individual behavioural change (bringing/reusing grocery bags) regardless of respondents’ waste-production concern, continued promotion of consumer preference-based, non-punitive incentives promoted in research literature may come at high ecological cost.
Manajemen Produksi Siaran Berita Liputan 6 SCTV Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ramadhan M. Failasuf , Kinasih Audrey Vania Zachrani , Pernikasari Ditha Aditya
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adaptasi media penyiaran di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen produksi siaran berita di Liputan 6 SCTV selama pandemi virus Corona seiring adanya kebijakan pembatasan jarak yang terjadi di DKI Jakarta. Selain itu juga, adakah perubahan yang terjadi dalam proses produksi siaran berita di Liputan 6 SCTV. Penelitian ini juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara Liputan 6 SCTV sebagai salah satu program dari industri media dalam beradaptasi selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, dokumen, arsip dan beberapa kasus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, awalnya dalam peliputan berita, reporter melakukan wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan narasumber. Namun, selama pandemi Covid-19 wawancara dilakukan dengan menggunakan perantara media conference seperti zoom, skype, dan lainnya. Apabila kegiatan liputan diperuntukkan di daerah zona merah maka liputan dilakukan dengan jarak 100 meter memanfaatkan perantara dari narasumber yang tinggal di daerah tersebut untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akurat.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Auditor Switching
Authors: Deliana Deliana , Rahman Abdul , Monica Lifian
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang:Pentingnya sikap independensi bagi seorang auditor dalam melakukan penugasan audit membuat setiap perusahaan harus melakukan auditor switching agar tingkat independensi dapat terjaga, namun pada kenyataannya sekalipun auditor switching telah dilakukan masih saja didapati auditor yang tidak menjaga sikap independensi. Hal ini menjadi menarik perhatian untuk diteliti mengenai hal apa saja yang menjadi faktor dalam melakukan auditor switching.Tujuan:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh opini audit, pergantian manajemen dan financial distress terhadap auditor switching pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor real estate dan property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018.Metode Penelitian:Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah metode purposive sampling. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling, sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 43 perusahaan selama 3 tahun pengamatan dan total data observasi sebanyak 129 data. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi logistik.Hasil Penelitian:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen yaitu opini audit, pergantian manajemen, dan financial distress tidak berpengaruh terhadap auditor switching pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor real estate dan property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016 – 2018.Keterbatasan Penelitian:Penelitian ini hanya meneliti perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor real estate dan property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2018, dan hanya menggunakan variabel opini audit, pergantian manajemen financial distress sebagai variabel yang mempengaruhi auditor switching.Keaslian/Novetly Penelitian:Penelitian ini menjawab gap penelitian terdahulu, dengan menggunakan variabel yang berbeda dari peneliti terdahulu dan rentang waktu yang berbeda dari tahun–tahun sebelumnya.
Pengungkapan Kecurangan di Lembaga Kemahasiswaan
Authors: Violetta Grace Phillandros , Kristianti Ika
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang:Fenomena terjadinya kecurangan di Lembaga Kemahasiswaan (LK) tingkat fakultas menunjukkan adanya gambaran terjadinya praktik-praktik kecurangan yang dilakukan LK tingkat universitas.Tujuan:Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meneliti lebih lanjut apakah terdapat potensi terjadinya kecurangan di Lembaga Kemahasiswaan Universitas (LKU) dan menggali mengapa kecurangan tersebut bisa terjadi jika dilihat dengan menggunakan framework fraud pentagon.Metode Penelitian:Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data primer yang didapatkan melalui wawancara beberapa pimpinan fungsionaris Lembaga Legislatif dan Lembaga Eksekutif LK, serta melakukan dokumentasi mengenai kegiatan seputar Lembaga Kemahasiswaan untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik triangulasi sumber, dimulai dari reduksi data kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyajian data dan terakhir penarikan kesimpulan.Hasil Penelitian:Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa terdapat potensi kecurangan di LKU. Kecurangan yang terjadi berkaitan dengan pelanggaran terhadap berbagai peraturan Ketentuan Umum Keluarga Mahasiswa (KUKM) dan peraturan lembaga legislatif, rekrutmen anggota baru, penyalahgunaan aset dan keuangan. Faktor yang paling mendasari terjadinya kecurangan adalah rasionalisasi karena kecurangan telah dilakukan secara turun menurun dari periode - periode LKU sebelumnya hingga periode LKU sekarang dan sudah dianggap wajar untuk dilakukan. Namun, faktor – faktor lainnya seperti kemampuan, kesempatan dan tekanan juga turut menjelaskan terjadinya kecurangan. Pengendalian internal yang perlu diterapkan yaitu menerapkan metode reward and punishment untuk fungsionaris sehingga dapat meminimalisir kecurangan di LKU.Keterbatasan Penelitian:Keterbatasan dari penelitian ini adalah peneliti tidak melakukan observasi atas hasil wawancara karena pekerjaan tidak dilakukan di kantor melainkan secara online sehingga bukti hanya diperoleh dari hasil wawancara. Selain itu penelitian ini memiliki topik yang sensitif sehingga informasi yang diperoleh menjadi terbatas karena narasumber kurang terbuka untuk memberikan penjelasan terhadap praktik kecurangan dan penyebab kecurangan yang terjadi di LKU.Keaslian/Novetly Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan framework fraud pentagon yang dikembangkan dari penelitian sebelumnya yaitu menggunakan fraud triangle untuk mengungkap potensi kecurangan pada lembaga kemahasiswaan. Penelitian ini diharapkan lebih menjelaskan lebih detail mengenai faktor yang menjelaskan kecurangan pada lembaga kemahasiswaan.
C-Shaped configuration of the canal in mandibular molars: A case report
Authors: Manzoor Marikinda , Kumar Sharma Deepak , Bansal Manu , Popat Krishna , Manzoor Rakhshunda
Published: June 2021

The primary concern of this case report is to discuss and review the different etiological features of c shaped canals, with its incidence, along with anatomical features, diagnosis and management of the c shaped configuration of the canal in the molars of the mandibular arch. Literature revealed that c shaped canal configuration is slightly a different variation that has a predilection towards the racial and most of the times or most commonly is seen in mandibular molars that too most commonly in second molar of the mandibular arch. This morphology when present in the canal may posses difficulty in shaping of the canal, cleaning of the canal as well as debridement of the canal along with obturation of the canal. The one of the most common way in the management of this c shaped canal morphology is done by with the help of usage of rotary instruments and can also with the use of hand instruments that too assisted with sonics as well as ultrasonics.
Anatomical and functional significance of ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) in epiretinal membrane (ERM)
Authors: Ganekal Sunil , Ganekal Varun
Published: June 2021

To compare the visual acuity outcomes after surgical treatment of epiretinal membranes (ERM) in cases with and without ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL). 

: A total of 100 eyes of 98 patients with idiopathic ERM were retrospectively staged according to the newer OCT classification and divided into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of EIFL. The two groups were evaluated for various parameters including visual acuity, thickness of the EIFL, re-appearance of the foveal contour, outer retinal changes and complications before and after ERM peeling. Correlation analysis was done using chi square test and p-values were obtained for corresponding variables.

: Of 100 eyes with ERM, 20% had stage 1, 29% had stage 2, 42% had stage3 & 9% had stage 4 disease. VA was worse in eyes with EIFL as compared those without it. Correlation of VA with EIFL thickness however was not significant. Surgical removal of ERM didn’t alter EIFL frequency though the thickness decreased. New EIFL appeared in 4% eyes and 35% demonstrated thickened fovea after surgery. Anatomical reappearance of foveal contour was poorer in eyes with EIFL. Outer retinal changes were more common in non EIFL eyes. Lamellar holes and nontractional cysts were more common in EIFL eyes.

: EIFL is a significant prognostic tool to predict the visual outcome of surgery in cases of Epiretinal membrane. EIFL eyes did not regain foveal contour, had less outer retinal damage but were associated with poorer visual outcomes.
Study on ocular morbidity in eye camp patients in rural medical hospital
Authors: Jeevitha R  , Pooja H V  , Gowda H T Venkate
Published: June 2021

: To determine the prevalence and pattern of the different types of ocular morbidities in elderly eye camp patients.

: Cross sectional observational study from July 2018 to June 2019, in eye camp patients aged 40-80 years attending Ophthalmology Department with a history of ocular diseases underwent routine eye examination.

Data was entered in MS Excel 2016 and analysed using SPSS 17.0 by using descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage.

: Of 2912 people, males were 1759 and females were 1153. Most common ocular morbidity was Cataract 1967 (67.54%) and Cataract associated with comorbidities were 391 (13.42%), followed by glaucoma 152 (5.2%), hypertensive 92 (3.1%) and diabetic 84 (2.8%) retinopathy, blepharitis 78 (2.6%), pterygium 69 (2.3%), Chronic dacrocystitis 41 (1.4%), refractive error 12 (0.4%), Age related macular degeneration ten (0.3%). Less common were phacotoxic uveitis eight (0.2%), corneal opacity five (0.1%) and Retinitis Pigmentosa three (0.1%).

: Cataract, glaucoma were major ocular diseases seen in the study. Efforts aimed at reducing high prevalence of treatable or preventable morbidities such as cataract, glaucoma.
To study ocular findings in chronic kidney disease patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra
Authors: Bhandari Mahak S , Sapkal Dheeraj , Gadekar Sarika A , Deshpande Supriya A
Published: June 2021

We aim to assess the association of ocular manifestations with chronic kidney disease and correlating it with the stages of chronic kidney disease.

It was a cross-sectional study carried out in tertiary medical college in Central Maharashtra. A total of 84 patients were examined over a period of 18 months. Detailed ocular and systemic examinations were undertaken. Dilated fundus evaluation was done with slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Positive anterior and posterior segment findings were noted.

Out of 168 eyes of 84 patients, 111 eyes had posterior segment involvement, 25 eyes had anterior segment involvement and 22 eyes had both anterior and posterior segment involvement. Most common posterior segment pathology was hypertensive retinopathy followed by diabetic retinopathy. Anterior segment findings did not correlate with the stage of the disease whereas severe stage of diabetic retinopathy was present in later stages of chronic kidney disease.

Present study showed a strong association of ocular manifestation in chronic kidney disease. Ocular involvement in CKD patients if not detected early can lead to permanent and irreversible visual loss, therefore pressing the need for ophthalmic examination in such cases.
To compare peribulbar and subtenon anaesthesia in patients undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Pathania Meenakshi , Gupta Surbhi , Gupta Dinesh
Published: June 2021

To compare peribulbar and subtenon anaesthesia in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

In a hospital based randomised comparative interventional study, patients who underwent cataract surgery were randomised into two groups, one receiving peribulbar and the other subtenon anaesthesia. Pain during administration, pain during surgery, chemosis, subconjunctival haemorrhage globe akinesia were noted and compared in the two groups. Any other complications which occur also noted.

The pain during administration was significantly lesser in subtenon injection as compared to peribulbar anaesthesia. Pain during surgery was comparable in the two groups. Incidence of subconjunctival haemorrhage and chemosis was more in subtenon injection as compared to peribulbar anaesthesia. Globe akinesia was achieved more effectively in subtenon injection as compared to peribulbar injection.

The subtenon anaesthesia is comparable to peribulbar anaesthesia with few additional advantages and is recommended as safe and effective alternative to peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery.
Study of prevalence of raised IOP in post cataract patients following topical steroid usage
Authors: Mohankumar Kavitha , Lune Abhay Amrit , Goud Rakesh , Desai Chaitali Chandrashekhar , Cardoza Namratha Judith
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) in post cataract surgery patients who received topical steroids.

Patients in the age group of 50-75 years and both sexes who were coming to ophthalmology OPD at a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra were studied. 500 subjects who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery were taken into consideration; both age and sex matched. All patients were screened for raised intraocular pressure by Perkin’s tonometer preoperatively and at 5th day, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week and 8th week postoperatively. Patients were allocated into two groups: either topical Prednisolone acetate e/d (1%) (Group I) or Dexamethasone e/d (0.1%) (Group II) started six times for 1st week (considering the cells in anterior chamber <2+) & then tapered off subsequently in the following weeks for a period of 5 weeks (starting with six times for 1st week, then tapering to 4 times for the next week, 3 times for the next week, 2 times for the next week, 1 time for the next week and then stopped).

In our study group, the prevalence of steroid-responders was 3.6% with 0.8% showing mild rise, 2.8% showing moderate rise in IOP on the fourth week of topical steroid usage. There was no difference in the mean IOP rise with the usage of two different topical steroids (E/d Prednisolone acetate (1%) and E/d Dexamethasone(0.1%)) in our study. The highest mean IOP was noted at the 5th postoperative day (20.26 mmHg) which was due to inflammation & there was a gradual decrease in IOP in the subsequent weeks of follow-up till 8th week. While as duration after cataract surgery progress till 8th week of follow up, moderate rise in IOP occurs which gradually comes down to mild rise till 8th week of follow-up.

Steroid-induced IOP elevation typically occurs after 4 weeks of beginning steroid therapy and the prevalence of steroid responders in post cataract surgery patients was established.
Comparison of visual acuity in primary and secondary iris claw implantation in western Maharashtra
Authors: Motwani Divya , Maheshgauri Rupali , Bakare Prachi , Bhavsar Deepaswi , Kaul Sucheta , Singh Chirag
Published: June 2021

A potential complication of cataract surgery is posterior capsular rent, where PCIOL can’t be implanted. Primary Iris claw implantation means that the IC-IOL is implanted in the same setting after cataract removal. While secondary Iris claw lens implant is done in an aphakic eye without capsular support and post cataract surgeries when the eye is left aphakic.

To compare the visual outcome in cases of primary and secondary iris claw lens implantation after cataract surgery.

This was a hospital-based Prospective Interventional Longitudinal study,conducted on patients in a tertiary care centre, in Western Maharashtra from September 2018 to August 2020. 31 eyes underwent primary iris claw implant and 19 underwent secondary iris claw implant.

Highly significant difference in visual acuity preoperatively due aphakia among subjects who underwent secondary iris claw implantation (p=0.000) was seen. Highly significant difference in visual acuity post operatively till 15 days was also seen due to less corneal oedema& inflammation in patients who underwent secondary iris claw implantation. No significant difference in visual acuity was seen on day 40 as lens was put in both the groups and the signs of inflammation had reduced (p=0.759).

Overall visual outcome after 40 days is comparable in primary and secondary cases. It is better to do a primary retro fixated iris claw implantation, as in case of a secondary implant the patient will have undue anxiety, to undergo a second surgery along with increased financial burden and patient can develop complications due to aphakia.
Nuevas tecnologías para el empleo: beneficios de la implementación de servicios en el marco de una arquitectura empresarial
Authors: Urquidi Manuel , Ortega Gloria , Arza Víctor , Ortega Julia
Published: July 2021

Los Servicios Públicos de Empleo (SPE) ofrecen a empresas que buscan trabajadores, cómo a buscadores de empleo que buscan acceder a un trabajo o que requieren acceder a prestaciones de desempleo, servicios a través de distintos canales. Esta multiplicidad de servicios y canales unida a procesos que en muchos casos no se encuentran adecuadamente mapeados genera retos al momento de implementar sistemas digitales. El presente documento analiza cómo el uso de la arquitectura empresarial puede brindar un marco que ayude a definir y representar una vista de alto nivel de los procesos de la organización y sus sistemas de TI (tecnología de información), así como su interrelación con diferentes partes de la organización y de entidades externas . Contar con una visión estratégica y un diseño de alto nivel permite establecer sistemas en fases y módulos y organizar servicios para lograr mejorar la eficiencia y eficacia de los servicios que entregan los SPE. El documento presenta adicionalmente ejemplos del modo en que nuevos procesos y sistemas al ser implementados de modo estratégico en el marco de una arquitectura entregan mayores beneficios que cuando se implementan de modo desarticulado. La publicación busca apoyar a los hacedores de política, directivos y funcionarios que trabajan con políticas de empleo a entender los beneficios de implementar una transformación digital comprensiva en las instituciones y de hacerlo en el marco de una herramienta estratégica como lo es la arquitectura empresarial.
Involuntary Childlessness at Work: Experiences of Emotion Work, Unfair Marginalization and Inadequacy
Authors: Mård Mika
Published: June 2021

This article presents and analyzes experiences of involuntary childlessness at work and, through that, attempts to increase our understanding of emotional and silenced experiences in organizations. While primarily being an exploratory study with a purpose to get an initial glimpse into working life through involuntary childless individuals’ point of view, this article also engages with Arlie Hochschild’s (1979, 1983) conceptualization of emotion work to analyze experiences of involuntary childlessness at work. The empirical data used in this paper are mainly collected through an anonymous diary studies method in Finland, and thematically presented in this article in three segments where three categories of emotion work related to involuntary childlessness are analyzed and discussed. In addition to offering an initial glimpse of involuntary childlessness at work, this paper hence contributes with a demonstration and analysis of the multifaceted emotion work related to these experiences.
Downloads per 31-12 2020
Authors: Carstens Bo
Published: June 2021

List of downloads per article per ultimo 2020
Les frontières marocaines à l’épreuve de la pandémie Covid-19
Authors: Latmani Saida
Published: June 2021

Vu l’ampleur des risques d’importation du virus Covid-19, le Maroc a décidé, le 15/03/2020 de fermer ses frontières. Cette décision est venue renforcer le système de filtrage qui a été jusque-là mis en place au niveau des frontières du Royaume. Cette situation révèle que la frontière, en tant que réalité psychologique et sociologique, peut servir d’instrument dynamique de lutte contre cette pandémie. Elle dévoile également, l’insuffisance des dispositifs et des mesures préventives contre la propagation du Coronavirus. Enfin, elle marque une période de changements nécessaires dans la vie des frontières marocaines.
Borderlanders of Lebanon: People from the In-between Spaces
Authors: Meier Daniel , Baydoun Hussein
Published: June 2021

This portfolio stems from a research project focusing on the many ways the residents of the border regions of Lebanon, or “borderlanders”, live and perceive the international borders. Funded by the Heinrich Böll Stiftung (Berlin-Beyrouth) and the Institut Convergences Migrations (Paris), this original research was conducted by photographer Hussein Baydoun and researcher Daniel Meier with the aim of visibalizing a category of unseen people: borderlanders.
Borders, Citizenship, and the Local: Everyday Life in Three Districts of West Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee Shibashis , Sen Surya Sankar , Banerjee Mayuri
Published: June 2021

Borders have been considered essential to understanding the self and the other, with identities on either side established through functions of exclusion and inclusion. These processes, initially considered to be the preserve of the state as exercised through its policies of border management, also exist in tandem or in an asynchronous manner at the local level. Constituted of processes of identification and networks of interdependences, localized construals of the borderland and subsequently positioned engagements, comes to shape notions of accessibility and restriction as well as perceptions of the “other”. These engagements are not always reflective of statist positions on the border which are often uniform in the conceptualization of its capacity to contain. They subsequently come to reflect the variations of divergent historical and locational realities. There is a need to further extend the analysis of borderlands beyond statist framings as passive recipients of policy as well as recognize the critical positioning of local adaptive processes as antithetical to state demarcations of territoriality and sovereign authority. Based on a survey of three districts in the state of West Bengal, India, this study posits an analysis of the multiple perceptions both within and outside of statist framings of borderland identity and territoriality, which color its inhabitants’ understanding of the border and perceptions surrounding and interactions with the communities that lie beyond it.
Review of Klaus Dodds’ Border Wars
Authors: Dalby Simon
Published: June 2021

Book review of Klaus Dodd's  Border Wars: The Conflicts that will Define our Future.
Borders & Personal Mythologies: An Interview with Emeric Lhuisset
Authors: Ganivet Elisa
Published: June 2021

On February 18, 2021, Elisa Ganivet interviewed the photographer Emeric Lhuisset, known for his immersion in conflict zones. Discussing his art projects, the conversation cross-examined the concepts of border and territory in visual art. Portions of the interview are reproduced here, in English translation from the original French, alongside photos of the artist’s work. (The French-language version will be published in the next issue of BIG_Review.)
A Randomised Clinical Trial to Compare the Effectiveness of Baska Mask Versus i-gel in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries in a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Ramakrishna Anil Kumar Mysore , Shetty Sarika Manjunath , Ramachandragowda Anup Natha , Sriram Vyshnavi , Sohail Shali , Shivashankar Archana
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND A wide array of supraglottic airway devices (SAD) are available for the present day anaesthetic practice, each having its own unique features. Laparoscopic surgeries demand meticulous airway maintenance due to the impact of pneumoperitoneum on cardiorespiratory physiology. It thus becomes imperative to have knowledge about the most optimal SAD that can be used for laparoscopic surgeries to provide good quality anaesthesia. The objective of this randomised trial was to compare the airway sealing pressure (ASP) of Baska mask and i-gel and overall success rate in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anaesthesia and controlled ventilation. METHODS One hundred and forty patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries were randomly assigned to either Baska group (Group B) or i-gel group (Group I). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 - 2.5 milligram per kilogram (mg / kg) and relaxation achieved with vecuronium 0.1 mg / kg and SAD was inserted. The primary outcome was airway sealing pressure (ASP) noted after insertion of the device. The secondary outcome measures included the number of attempts and time taken for successful insertion, ASP after gas insufflation of abdomen, Brimacombe grading, hemodynamic changes, airway morbidity (blood on the SAD upon removal, post-operative sore throat, dysphagia and dysphonia) and any other adverse events associated with the use of the devices. RESULTS There were no significant differences in demographic and hemodynamic data. ASP after insertion of the device was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) with Baska than i-gel (41.45 + 4.72 versus 30.29 + 5.76 cm H2O respectively). Brimacombe scoring of grade four was seen in 75.3 % of Baska compared to 18 % in i-gel group. Time taken to insert Baska was significantly more than with i-gel (14.84 versus 11.25 seconds respectively, P < 0.001). However, first time success was more with Baska than with i-gel (147 versus 140 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both Baska and i-gel can be used safely and effectively in laparoscopic surgeries. Baska provides a better ASP and Brimacombe view than i-gel. However, i-gel offers the advantage of easier insertion in shorter time. KEYWORDS Supraglottic Airway Device, Baska Mask, i-gel, Airway Sealing Pressure
Ocular Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma - A Study of Twenty-Two Cases Presented at Bangalore, Karnataka
Authors: Anand Shankar , C Akshatha , Cherian Libin Babu , C Ramachandra
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Ocular adnexa lympho-proliferative disorders are a divergent diverse category of ocular malignancies, comprising roughly about 1 % to 2 % of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) and 8 % of extranodal lympho-proliferative disorders. The most frequent type, approximating for up to 80 % of cases that constitutes the primary is marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. Marginal zone lymphomas which usually have an extranodal presentation are routinely diagnosed by histomorphology by the diffuse infiltration of atypical lymphoid cells with plasmacytoid appearance and presence of pathognomonic lymphoepithelial lesions. Lymphoepithelial lesions are the existence of lymphocytes in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry shows a consistent absence of CD5 and CD23 staining, hence considered as diagnosis of exclusion on histo-immunomorphology. METHODS This is a case-series study. Twenty-two cases of ocular extranodal marginal zone lymphoma were obtained from the archives of pathology from 2013 to 2015. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry slides were reviewed by three expert histopathologists for confirmation of diagnosis. Immunohistochemical markers mainly used were CD45, CD3, CD5, CD20, cyclin D1, CD10, Ki - 67, BCL - 2, PAX 5 and CD23. The immunohistochemical markers such as CD10, BCL - 2 and cyclin D1 IHC expression were studied in cases of ocular extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (OENMZL). Relevant clinical details were collected from the patients such age, sex and history of autoimmune condition if any. RESULTS Eighteen cases (81 %) of OENMZL belonged to the age group of more than 40 years. There was a definite male preponderance (77 %) and it was associated with autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (18 %) and Sjogren’s syndrome (22 %). 22 cases of OENMZL were analysed and all showed consistent immunoexpression for CD20, CD45 while were immunonegative for CD5, CD23 and cyclin D1. 6 cases (27 %) showed CD10 positivity while 20 cases showed Bcl2 positivity (90 %). CONCLUSIONS OENMZL shows positivity for CD20 and CD45 while immunonegative for CD5, CD23 and cyclin D1, and a fraction of cases can show IHC positivity for CD10 and Bcl-2. KEYWORDS OENMZL: Ocular Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma, MZL: Marginal Zone Lymphoma, CD: Cluster Differentiation. NHL: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. OL: Ocular Lymphoma. PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction, FISH: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization
A Cross Sectional Study of the Position of Appendix in South Indian Population, Comparison with Western Population, and Its Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Chidambaram Balamurugan , Rajasekaran Vinoth , Selvam Vasanth Malaiyaperumal , Shanmugam Giridharan
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Appendicitis is a common clinical condition but sometimes diagnosis is delayed when appendix is found at a rare location. The present study was conducted to find out various clinical presentations of appendicitis, to evaluate its various positions in South Indian population and compare the same with western population. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 1000 patients (631 males and 369 females) taken from Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India, from 2018 to 2019 with an age range of 18 to > 60 years of both sexes. The clinical symptoms were recorded, demographic details were collected. RESULTS The present study included 631 (63.1%) male and 369 (36.9%) female patients including the age category 18 to > 60 years old patients. The anatomical locations of the appendix which were as follows: retrocecal in 860 individuals (86%), pelvic in 110 patients (11%), postileal in 10 (10%), preileal in 10 (10%), subhepatic in 8 individuals (0.8%), paracolic and subcaecal in 1 person respectively (0.1%). In our study, the mean distribution of gender by age in the study population was 157.75 males and 92.25 females. Length of appendix > 119 mm was found in total individuals (32.9%) i.e., maximum than other studies. These results showed an extreme statistically significant P value. CONCLUSIONS The present study successfully compared south Indian population with western population. The clinical symptoms were recorded, details of demography, age and sex were collected successfully. KEYWORDS Anatomical Locations, Appendix, Appendectomy, South Indian, Western Population
A Comparative Study of Ramosetron and Lidocaine in the Attenuation of Propofol Induced Pain in Paediatric Patients – A Double Blinded Randomized Study in ESIC Medical College, Kalaburgi
Authors: Basappa Sumalatha Gangur , Dodawad Ravichandra Ramesh
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND The incidence of pain on propofol injection varies between 28 – 90 % during induction and may be severe. Ramosetron has been proved efficacious in reducing propofol pain in adults but not in children, therefore we conducted this double blinded randomized controlled study to determine the effectiveness of ramosetron in attenuating propofol induced pain in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of injection ramosetron, a 5HT3 antagonist and lidocaine, the commonest drug for attenuation of pain caused by injection propofol. METHODS This is a randomised double-blinded study. Eighty children of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade I - II, aged 4 - 14 years, undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups of 40 each. Group PR received 6 µg/kg of ramosetron and Group PL received 0.2 mg/kg of 2 % lidocaine. After injection of study drug, occlusion of venous drainage was done manually by a trained assistant at mid-arm for 60 seconds. After releasing manual occlusion Injection propofol (1 %) 2 mg/kg was administered slowly over a period of 5 seconds. A four point scale was used to assess the severity of pain. The results were analysed by using unpaired student’s t - test and chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test. P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The demographic characteristics were comparable in both groups. The incidence of no pain in Group PR and Group PL was 60 % (N = 24) and 65 % (N = 26) respectively which was comparable. The incidence of mild, moderate and severe pain was comparable in both groups. The overall incidence of propofol injection pain in group PL and group PR was 35 % and 40 % respectively (P = 0.862). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous ramosetron at a dose of 6 µg/kg can effectively attenuate the propofol induced pain comparable to 0.2 mg/kg of lidocaine in children. KEYWORDS Children, Lidocaine, Propofol Induced Pain, Ramosetron
Follow-Up Study on Management of Tumour Lysis Syndrome with Single Low Fixed Dose (1.5 mg) of Rasburicase - A Tertiary Cancer Centre Experience from India
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Khanna Nisha , Ranjan Vivek , Kumar Ashwin
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Rasburicase (recombinant urate oxidase) has been proven to be an effective therapy for prevention of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). The recommended daily dosing regimen of rasburicase is 0.2 mg/kg/day for 5 days which is expensive and unaffordable to many patients in the developing countries. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of single 1.5 mg dose rasburicase in the management of tumour lysis syndrome. METHODS This is a follow-up study done at our institute. Fifty (50) patients with tumour lysis syndrome who received rasburicase from August 2015 to January 2020 were enrolled in this study RESULTS Single dose of rasburicase is effective in decreasing serum uric acid level in significant number (N = 41) of patients. Percentage of patients having uric acid less than 7 mg after single dose of rasburicase in 48 hours - 82.9 % (N = 34) while 17 % (N = 7) were found to have uric acid levels of more than 7 mg/dl. The percentage of patients with uric acid levels more than 7 mg/dl reduced from 36.5 % after 24 hours to 17 % after 48 hours. This indicates that the uric acid levels show a declining trend even after 24 hours without giving an additional dose of rasburicase. There was no relationship between uric acid levels at 24 hours and percentage change in creatinine level from baseline to 24 hours (correlation coefficient (r) = -0.047, P = 0.770. Patients who required additional dose (N = 9) had high base line value of uric acid and their high value was maintained over the follow up period of three days. Patients with pre exiting kidney disease and high level of baseline uric acid also needed dialysis (N = 3). CONCLUSIONS In majority of patients, a single 1.5 mg dose of rasburicase is an effective way to reduce raised uric acid in appropriate circumstances. KEYWORDS Single Dose, Recombinant Urate Oxidase, Uric Acid, Leukemia, Tumour Lysis Syndrome, Rasburicase
Impact of Anatomical Variations during Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy on Target Volumes, Organs at Risk, and Dose Volume Histograms in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers – A Prospective Interventional Study from Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Prasanthi Akkineni Naga
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has become the standard treatment in head & neck cancer (HNC). Anatomic changes during IMRT can have impact on dose coverage and organs at risk (OAR) doses. These changes can be compensated by modifying the plan during treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of anatomical variations during IMRT on target volumes, OAR and dose volume histogram (DVH) in locally advanced HNC patients. METHODS Twenty-four HNC patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy were planned with initial plan. Repeated computerised tomography (CT) scans were performed at 2nd week (repeat CT1) and 4th week (repeat CT2). Previous plan was transferred to new CT for dosimetric analysis. Patient received remaining fractions with adaptive plan if needed based on triggers (1. more than 5 % deviation in OAR doses 2. If PTV dose did not conform to ICRU83). Plan 1 was generated by replanning on repeat CT and plan 2 was by superimposition of previous plan. DVH of both plans were compared for volumetric and dosimetric parameters in patients who required re-planning. RESULTS Fifty-eight percent of patients required adaptive plan. Seventy-one percent required re-plan at the end of 4th week and 28.5 % at 2nd week. Parotid glands and gross tumour volume (GTV) node reduction were significant in patients who required re-plan compared to patients who did not require re-plan. Patients with significant GTV node reduction experienced grade III/IV mucositis. Patients with significant GTV node and parotid glands reduction experienced grade III/IV dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS More than half of HNC patients required re-planning. Most of them required replanning at 4th week. GTV node and parotid glands reduction can predict the requirement of re-plan, risk of grade III/IV dermatitis. GTV node reduction can predict the risk of grade III/IV mucositis. KEYWORDS IMRT, Adaptive Radiotherapy, Anatomical Variations in Head and Neck Cancer, Implementation of Adaptive Plan
Clinicopathological Spectrum of Mediastinal Mass Lesions - A Cross-Sectional Study of 58 Cases in Kolkata, West Bengal
Authors: Pathak Debarati , Banerjee Abhijit , Ghosh Soma , Bandyopadhyay Arghya , Das Tushar Kanti
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Mediastinal masses, an enigma to surgical pathologist are among the most complicated lesions explored and relatively inaccessible. They often connote a process with mass effect presenting with superior mediastinal syndrome. This is a challenging area faced by surgical pathologist as varied lesions are found here and often biopsies obtained are tiny and crushed. Appropriate therapy of various mediastinal tumours differs considerably and may significantly impact survival. We wanted to evaluate the various lesions in different compartments of mediastinum and categorise them according to anatomical location, and histopathology. METHODS Patients with mediastinal masses attending outpatient department were selected, history taken and relevant investigations done with radiological evaluation for proper anatomical location of lesion. Histopathological study done on tissues obtained by ultrasound / CT guided biopsy, open surgical biopsy were categorized according to histologic types. Immunohistochemistry was done wherever applicable. RESULTS A total of 58 cases of mediastinal lesions were studied where males predominated and age of patients ranged from 11 months to 68 yrs. All patients were symptomatic. Shortness of breath, superior vena cava syndrome was dominant in anterior and superior mediastinal lesions, middle and posterior mediastinal masses presented with chest pain. Most lesions were neoplastic. Germ cell tumours were found in (24.14 %) followed by lymphoma in (20.69 %) and thymic lesions in (18.97 %) of patients. Neurogenic tumours found in (13.79 %) were located in posterior mediastinum whereas, germ cell tumours and lymphomas were located in anterior mediastinum. Non neoplastic lesions included tuberculosis, sarcoidosis. Unsuspected lesion was metastatic deposit of adenoid cystic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS A wide variety of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions can be found in different compartments of mediastinum and accurate diagnosis is considered necessary to formulate management strategies. KEYWORDS Mediastinum, Biopsy, Radiology, Histopathology
Visual Prognosis of Intraocular Lens Implantation in Cases of Traumatic Cataract in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Ganjam
Authors: Bhoi Sachala , Ray Pallavi , Mahapatro Sanjukta , Mohapatra Kasturi , Mahapatra Chinmaya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Traumatic cataract is one of the common sequelae following ocular injury. It is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. Ocular trauma leading to traumatic cataract, if managed early gives good visual outcome. Associated ocular structure involvement has much bearing on the management and prognosis of traumatic cataract. We wanted to study the visual outcome of cataract surgery in traumatic cataract. METHODS All patients included in this prospective study were subjected complete ocular examination, intra ocular lens (IOL) power calculation and small incision cataract surgery (SICS) with IOL implantation. Visual outcome was assessed after 1st week, 2 nd week, 6th week and 6 months. Postoperative visual outcome and post-operative complications were assessed. RESULTS Out of 50 cases studied, 56 % of cases were in the age group of less than 20 years. Male: Female ratio was 2.57 : 1. Traumatic cataract was higher in patients of rural background as compared to urban background (64 % vs 32 %). In 58 % of cases, penetrating injury was the type of trauma. 60 % of patients had visual acuity of less than 3/60 at presentation. Corneal injuries (34 %), scleral tear in (22 %) and iris related problems (18 %) were the most common associated findings. All the patients were treated with SICS with IOL implantation. Most common intra-operative complication was posterior capsule rupture seen in 14 % of cases, 34 % of patients had anterior uveitis as early post-operative complication and 24 % of patients developed PCO as late post-operative complication; 68 % of the patients achieved visual acuity of above 6/18. CONCLUSIONS Timely management and involvement of other structures in traumatic cataract determines the visual prognosis of cataract surgery in traumatic cataract. Thus, our study showed that traumatic cataract can be successfully managed surgically with intraocular lens implantation with good visual outcome, unless there is associated corneal opacity or posterior segment involvement. More emphasis should be laid on the preventive measures like mass health education and awareness about risk of ocular trauma, and need to adopt safety measures should be focused, especially during playground, and at workplace. KEYWORDS Traumatic Cataract, Small Incision Cataract Surgery, IOL, Visual Acuity
Модель образования коллоидов
Authors: Юров В.М. , Салькеева А.К. , Кусенова  . А.С
Published: June 2021

Мы изложим нашу модель образования коллоидов с позиции статистической физики. Несмотря на сложный характер промежуточных стадий процесса накопления радиационных дефектов и процесса радиолиза в твердых диэлектриках, существуют общие закономерности. Это открывает перспективу поиска новых радиационностойких и радиационно-чувствительных материалов по их термодинамическим параметрам.
Гетерогенные равновесия в тройной системе хлорид европия - никотинамид - вода при 250с и физико-химические свойства твердых фаз
Authors: Осмонова С.С. , Бообекова С.Б. , Ташболотова М.Т.
Published: June 2021

Методом растворимости исследована тройная водная система из хлорида европия и никотинамида при 250С. В системе происходит комплексообразование, в результате которого из раствора кристаллизуется новое соединениие состава EuCl3∙3C6H6N2О∙6H2O, конгруэнтно растворимое в воде. Соединение выделено в кристаллическом виде и идентифицировано методом ИК-спектроскопии и дифференциально-термического, рентгенографического анализов.