bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of compact and ordered carbon coating on solid‐state behaviors of silicon during electrochemical processes
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Fang Chen , Song Xiangyun , Liu Gao
Published: January 2020

To address the issues of large volume change and low conductivity of silicon (Si) materials, carbon coatings have been widely employed as surface protection agent and conductive medium to encapsulate the Si materials, which can improve the electrochemical performance of Si‐based electrodes. There has been a strong demand to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of efficient carbon coating over the lithiation and delithiation process of Si materials. Here, we report the first observation of the extended two‐phase transformation of carbon‐coated Si nanoparticles (Si/C) during electrochemical processes. The Si/C nanoparticles were prepared by sintering Si nanoparticles with polyvinylidene chloride precursor. The Si/C electrode underwent a two‐phase transition during the first 20 cycles at 0.2 C, but started to engage in solid solution reaction when the ordered compact carbon coating began to crack. Under higher current density conditions, the electrode was also found to be involved in solid solution reaction, which, however, was due to the overwhelming demand of kinetic property rather than the breaking of the carbon coating. In comparison, the Si/C composites prepared with sucrose possessed more disordered and porous carbon structures, and presented solid solution reaction throughout the entire cycling process.
Kentucky bluegrass growth under saline, waterlogging, and saline‐waterlogging conditions during germination and seedling growth
Authors: Rue Kevin , Zhang Qi
Published: January 2020

Salinity and waterlogging, two major problems in turfgrass management, often co‐occur in nature; however, information on the response of turfgrass to the combined salinity‐waterlogging stress is limited. The objective of this study was to determine growth response of nine Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars to the control (i.e., non‐stress), salinity, waterlogging, and the combined salinity‐waterlogging stress during the germination and seedling stage (six weeks) in pots in a greenhouse. Data including shoot and root dry weight, root‐to‐shoot dry weight ratio, root length, and specific root length were analyzed. Salinity‐waterlogging reduced dry weight of both shoots (556.1 mg) and roots (269.4 mg) compared with the controls (1295.1 and 686.7 mg) (P < .0001). The control plants had a root‐to‐shoot dry weight ratio of 52.9%, higher than the salinity‐treated ones (44.1%) (P = .0017). Root length was higher in the control and waterlogged plants than salinity and salinity‐waterlogged plants. Saline‐waterlogged and control plants had the highest and lowest specific root length, respectively. Among the Kentucky bluegrass cultivars, Sudden Impact, Award, Limousine, and Kenblue had higher tissue biomass, followed by America, Legend, and Arrowhead, whereas Moonlight and Blue Note performed poorly. Blue Note had a higher specific root length than all other grasses, except Moonlight. It may be a better management practice to use cultivars such as Sudden Impact, Award, Limousine, and Kenblue, which appear from this research to be relatively tolerant to salinity/waterlogging stress, when establishing a new turf surface under the aforementioned stresses.
Forage mass, nutritive value, and economic viability of cowpea overseeded in tall fescue and sorghum‐sudangrass swards
Authors: Nave Renata L. G. , Quinby M. P. , Griffith A. P. , Corbin M. D. , Bates G. E.
Published: January 2020

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) (CW) is being considered as an alternative feed source in the southern U.S. Legume–grass mixtures are known to provide greater forage mass compared with unfertilized grass monocultures; however, research is needed to evaluate alternatives for increasing forage availability during the summer. The objective of this study was to quantify forage mass, nutritive value, and economic viability of CW overseeded in tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] (TF) and sorghum × sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum sudanese (P.) Stapf] (SS) swards seeded at different rates. Two experiments were established in Spring Hill, TN, one with TF and the other with SS, from June to September of 2016 and 2017. Inoculated CW seeds were drilled into TF and SS plots at 25, 50, or 75 lb acre−1 and compared with control treatments that were without CW. There were no differences in total and average forage mass of TF or SS with the addition of CW, regardless of the seeding rate, likely due to the competitiveness of the grasses. No differences among seed rates were observed in the concentration of crude protein (CP) for TF swards mixed with CW in either year while in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was less for the control treatment in 2017. Meanwhile, the nutritive value of the SS and CW mixture was improved as the CW seeding rate increased in both years. Data from this study suggest that the addition of CW to TF or SS does not justify its cost given the minimal benefit provided.
An Air‐Stable, Neutral Phenothiazinyl Radical with Substantial Radical Stabilization Energy
Authors: Sigmund Lukas M. , Ebner Fabian , Jöst Christoph , Spengler Jonas , Gönnheimer Nils , Hartmann Deborah , Greb Lutz
Published: January 2020

The vital effect of radical states on the pharmacological activity of phenothiazine‐based drugs has long been speculated. Whereas cationic radicals of N‐substituted phenothiazines show high stability, the respective neutral radicals of N‐unsubstituted phenothiazines have never been isolated. Herein, the 1,9‐diamino‐3,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N1,N9‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐10H‐phenothiazin‐10‐yl radical (SQH2.) is described as the first air‐stable, neutral phenothiazinyl free radical. The crystalline dark‐blue species is characterized by means of EPR and UV/Vis/near‐IR spectroscopy, as well as cyclic voltammetry, spectro‐electrochemical analysis, single‐crystal XRD, and computational studies. The SQH2. radical stands out from other aminyl radicals by an impressive radical stabilization energy and its parent amine has one of the weakest N−H bond dissociation energies ever determined. In addition to serving as open‐shell reference in medicinal chemistry, its tridentate binding pocket or hydrogen‐bond‐donor ability might enable manifold uses as a redox‐active ligand or proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reagent.
Molecular Packing‐Controlled Mechanical‐Induced Emission Enhancement of Tetraphenylethene‐Functionalised Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Guo Shengmei , Zhang Gaobin , Kong Lin , Tian Yupeng , Yang Jiaxiang
Published: January 2020

Organic mechanofluorochromic (MFC) materials with mechanical‐induced emission enhancement (MIEE) are scarce. Herein, Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active tetraphenylethene‐functionalised pyrazoline derivatives with various non‐conjugated substituent groups (Br, F, N,N‐dimethylamino and cyano groups for TPEB, TPEF, TPEN and TPECN, respectively) were designed and synthesised. The fluorescence spectra of the compounds in the solid state were sensitive to mechanical stimuli and exhibited unique MFC properties. The solid fluorescence peaks of all compounds were red shifted, whereas the quantum yields of TPEB, TPEF and TPEN were increased and that of TPECN was slightly reduced after grinding. The MIEE mechanism was systematically investigated through structure–property relationship studies. The results showed that the pyrazoline ring of TPEB with MIEE property formed H‐dimer aggregates with weak π–π stacking in the solid state. After grinding, the synergistic effects of conformational planarization and destructive π–π interactions induced the red shift of the fluorescence peak and the intensity enhanced. TPECN formed incompact J‐aggregates with weak intermolecular interactions instead. The conformational planarization and increased intermolecular interactions induced by grinding led to the red‐shifted peak and the slightly reduced intensity. These results clearly demonstrated that the translation of packing arrangements is an efficient method to design MIEE materials, which opens a new scope for designing unique MFC materials.
Dual Metastability in Electroless Plating: Complex Inertness Enabling the Deposition of Composition‐Tunable Platinum Copper Alloy Nanostructures
Authors: Stohr Tobias , Brötz Joachim , Oezaslan Mehtap , Muench Falk
Published: January 2020

Autocatalytic deposition represents a facile, versatile, and scalable wet‐chemical tool for nanofabrication. However, the intricate component interplay in plating baths containing multiple metal species impedes alloy deposition. We resolved this challenge in the bimetallic copper‐platinum system by exploiting the kinetic stability of platinum complexes, which allows adjusting their ligand sphere and thus reactivity independently from the present copper ions in a preceding, thermally activated ligand exchange step. By using metastable PtIV precursors of varying degrees of complexation, copper‐platinum alloys of adjustable atomic ratio were plated from solutions of identical composition and concentration, but differing local coordination environment. Due to its excellent conformity and nanoscale homogeneity, the reaction is compatible with ambitious 3D substrate morphologies, as demonstrated in the template‐assisted fabrication of nanotubes with high aspect ratio. The ability to generate additional synthetic degrees of freedom by decoupling the metal complex speciation from the solution composition is of large interest for redox‐chemical synthesis techniques, such as electrodeposition or nanoparticle colloid production.
Pore‐Environment Engineering in Multifunctional Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Xiurong , Wang Xia , Fan Weidong , Sun Daofeng
Published: January 2020

As a new type of highly ordered porous crystalline material, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively studied in many fields due to their high specific surface area and porosity, flexible modifiability and tailorability. After nearly 20 years of development, the synthesis of MOF materials has gradually evolved from exploration and trial to precise design. The synthesis method has also evolved from an early one‐step synthesis to the coexistence of various synthesis strategies, including functional‐oriented microstructural design optimization, pore size adjustment, and secondary structural unit modification, enabling MOF materials to expand their potential applications in many fields. In this review, we mainly discuss the pore regulation of function‐oriented MOF through different synthesis strategies, including (1) direct synthesis, (2) post‐synthesis modification (PSM), (3) building block replacement (BBR), (4) pore space partition (PSP), (5) construction of multi‐mesoporous MOF, (6) dynamic septal ligand insertion, and discuss the relationship between related performance optimization through framework structure and pore environment/size optimization.
Thromboembolic and bleeding risk of periprocedural bridging anticoagulation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuo Hsien‐Cheng , Liu Feng‐Lin , Chen Jui‐Tai , Cherng Yih‐Giun , Tam Ka‐Wai , Tai Ying‐Hsuan
Published: January 2020

The risk and benefit of periprocedural heparin bridging is not completely clarified. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of bridging anticoagulation prior to invasive procedures or surgery. Heparin bridging was associated with lower risks of thromboembolism and bleeding compared to non‐bridging. PubMed, Ovid and Elsevier, and Cochrane Library (2000‐2016) were searched for English‐language studies. Studies comparing interrupted anticoagulation with or without bridging and continuous oral anticoagulation in patients at moderate‐to‐high thromboembolic risk before invasive procedures were included. Primary outcomes were thromboembolic events and bleeding events. Mantel‐Haenszel method and random‐effects models were used to analyze the pooled risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for thromboembolic and bleeding risks. Eighteen studies (six randomized controlled trials and 12 cohort studies) were included (N = 23 364). There was no difference in thromboembolic risk between bridged and non‐bridged patients (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.61‐2.58; RCTs: RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.23‐2.24; cohorts: RR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.63‐3.37). However, bridging anticoagulation was associated with higher risk of overall bleeding (RR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.00‐4.01; RCTs: RR: 2.24, 95% CI: 0.99‐5.09; cohorts: RR: 3.09, 95% CI: 2.07‐4.62) and major bleeding (RR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.78‐5.06; RCTs: RR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.29‐4.76; cohorts: RR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.65‐6.32). Bridging anticoagulation was associated with increased bleeding risk compared to non‐bridging. Thromboembolism risk was similar between two strategies. Our results do not support routine use of bridging during anticoagulation interruption.
From Oxadiazole to Triazole Analogues: Optimization toward a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist with Improved in vivo Efficacy in Dogs
Authors: Brotschi Christine , Bolli Martin H. , Gatfield John , Heidmann Bibia , Jenck Francois , Roch Catherine , Sifferlen Thierry , Treiber Alexander , Williams Jodi T. , Boss Christoph
Published: January 2020

The orexin system is responsible for regulating the sleep‐wake cycle. Suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) is approved by the FDA for the treatment of insomnia disorders. Herein, we report the optimization efforts toward a DORA, where our starting point was (5‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐2‐[1,2,3]triazol‐2‐yl‐phenyl)‐{(S)‐2‐[5‐(2‐trifluoromethoxy‐phenyl)‐[1,2,4]oxadiazol‐3‐yl]‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl}methanone (6), a compound which emerged from our in‐house research program. Compound 6 was shown to be a potent, brain‐penetrating DORA with in vivo efficacy similar to suvorexant in rats. However, shortcomings from low metabolic stability, high plasma protein binding (PPB), low brain free fraction (fu brain), and low aqueous solubility, were identified and hence, compound 6 was not an ideal candidate for further development. Our optimization efforts addressing the above‐mentioned shortcomings resulted in the identification of (4‐chloro‐2‐[1,2,3]triazol‐2‐yl‐phenyl)‐{(S)‐2‐methyl‐2‐[5‐(2‐trifluoromethoxy‐phenyl)‐4H‐[1,2,4]triazol‐3‐yl]‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl}l‐methanone (42), a DORA with improved in vivo efficacy compared to 6.
Photoluminescence Mechanisms of All‐Inorganic Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskites Revealed by Single Particle Spectroscopy
Authors: Jiang Yiqun , Li Beiye , Zhang Tianxiang , Shi Yumeng , Xu Qing‐Hua
Published: January 2020

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising materials for a range of optoelectronic applications owing to their unique structures and optical properties. The photoluminescence (PL) property of MHPs is crucial for their applications. All‐inorganic MHPs such as CsPbBr3, CsPb2Br5 and Cs4PbBr6, have been widely investigated due to their high PL quantum yield (QY). However, the PL mechanisms of these perovskites still remain controversial and lack a unifying explanation. In this review, we have summarized the recent efforts to reveal the emission process of all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskites nanocrystals (NCs) by utilizing single particle spectroscopy. The recent research advances on the understanding of exciton nature in CsPbBr3 and PL emission originating from intrinsic point defects or impurity CsPbBr3 phase in CsPb2Br5 and Cs4PbBr6 are summarized. Understanding the relationship between the structure and associated PL property of MHPs paves the way for their potential applications.
Using the MINT Database to Search Protein Interactions
Authors: Calderone Alberto , Iannuccelli Marta , Peluso Daniele , Licata Luana
Published: January 2020

The Molecular INTeractions Database (MINT) is a public database designed to store information about protein interactions. Protein interactions are extracted from scientific literature and annotated in the database by expert curators. Currently (October 2019), MINT contains information on more than 26,000 proteins and more than 131,600 interactions in over 30 model organisms. This article provides protocols for searching MINT over the Internet, using the new MINT Web Page. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Basic Protocol 1: Searching MINT over the internet

Alternate Protocol: MINT visualizer

Basic Protocol 2: Submitting interaction data
Salt Effects on Hydrophobic Solvation: Is the Observed Salt Specificity the Result of Excluded Volume Effects or Water Mediated Ion‐Hydrophobe Association?
Authors: Francisco Olga A. , Glor Hayden M. , Khajehpour Mazdak
Published: January 2020

The solubility of hydrophobic molecules in water is sensitive to salt addition in an ion‐specific manner. Such “salting‐out” and “salting‐in” properties have been shown to be a major contributor to the measured ion‐specific Hofmeister effects that are observed in many biophysical phenomena. Various theoretical models have suggested a number of disparate mechanisms for salting‐out (salting‐in) of hydrophobic moieties, the most popular of which include preferential interaction, water‐mediated association, and electrostriction models. However, a complete molecular level description of this ion‐specificity is not yet available. This work investigates the ion‐specific nature of hydrophobic solvation by studying how sodium and chloride salts affect the thermodynamics of 1,2‐hexanediol micellization. The results of this study are analyzed in terms of scaled‐particle theory and we show that salt addition can affect hydrophobic solvation in two modalities: salt addition changes the cavitation free energy; salt addition also influences the solvent‐solute interaction energy by changing the hydration of the hydrophobic solute. These two effects are salt specific in nature and we suggest that for small hydrophobic solutes these effects are the main cause of salt‐specific Hofmeister effects on their solubility.
Counterion‐Trapped‐Molecules: From High Polarity and Enriched IR Spectra to Induced Isomerization
Authors: Naumkin Fedor Y. , Wales David J.
Published: January 2020

We report extensive computational studies of some novel intermolecular systems and their properties. Recombination of alkali‐halide counterions separated by a noncovalently trapped hydrocarbon molecule is prevented by significant potential energy barriers, resulting in unusual metastable insertion complexes. These systems are extremely polar, while the inserted molecule is strongly counter‐polarized, leading to significant cooperative nonadditivity effects. The compression and electric field produced by the counterions favours isomerization of the trapped molecule via a significant reduction of the barriers to bond rearrangement, in a field‐induced mechanochemical process. The predicted IR intensity spectra clearly reflect (1) formation of the insertion complex, rather than simple attachment of alkali halide, and (2) isomerization of the trapped molecule, thus allowing experimental access to these events.
Biomimetic Design of a 3 D Transition Metal/Carbon Dyad for the One‐Step Hydrodeoxygenation of Vanillin
Authors: Zhao Tian‐Jian , Zhang Jun‐Jun , Wang Hong‐Hui , Su Juan , Li Xin‐Hao , Chen Jie‐Sheng
Published: January 2020

Enzyme catalysts always show an excellent catalytic selectivity, which is important in biochemistry, especially in catalytic synthesis and biopharming. This selectivity is achieved by combining the binding effect induced by the electrostatic effect of the enzyme to attract a specific substrate and then the prearrangement of the substrates inside the enzyme pocket. Herein, we report a proof‐of‐concept application of an interfacial electrostatic field induced by constructing Schottky heterojunctions to mimic the electrostatic catalysis of an enzyme. In combination with the 3 D structure, a transition metal/carbon dyad was designed by nanoconfinement methods to promote the differential binding effect and the space‐induced organization of the reaction intermediate (vanillyl alcohol) to develop a new one‐step hydrogenolysis of vanillin for the production of 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol with a remarkably high selectivity (>99 %).
One‐Pot Conversion of Lignin into Naphthenes Catalyzed by a Heterogeneous Rhenium Oxide‐Modified Iridium Compound
Authors: Li Xinxin , Zhang Bo , Pan Xiaoli , Ji Jianwei , Ren Yujing , Wang Hua , Ji Na , Liu Qiying , Li Changzhi
Published: January 2020

The direct transformation of lignin into fuels and chemicals remains a huge challenge because of the recalcitrant and complicated structure of lignin. In this study, rhenium oxide‐modified iridium supported on SiO2 (Ir‐ReOx/SiO2) is employed for the one‐pot conversion of various lignin model compounds and lignin feedstocks into naphthenes. Up to 100 % yield of cyclohexane from model compounds and 44.3 % yield of naphthenes from lignin feedstocks are achieved. 2 D HSQC NMR spectroscopy before and after the reaction confirms the activity of Ir‐ReOx/SiO2 in the cleavage of the C−O bonds and hydrodeoxygenation of the depolymerized products. H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, temperature‐programmed desorption of NH3, IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, and control experiments reveal that a synergistic effect between Ir and ReOx in Ir‐ReOx/SiO2 plays a crucial role in the high performance; ReOx is mainly responsible for the cleavage of C−O bonds, whereas Ir is responsible for hydrodeoxygenation and saturation of the benzene rings. This methodology opens up an energy‐efficient route for the direct conversion of lignin into valuable naphthenes.
Direct Catalytic Conversion of Furfural to Furan‐derived Amines in the Presence of Ru‐based Catalyst
Authors: Jiang Shi , Ramdani Wahiba , Muller Eric , Ma Changru , Pera‐Titus Marc , Jerôme François , De Oliveira Vigiera Karine
Published: January 2020

The production of amine intermediates from biomass is capturing increasing attention. Herein, a simple and efficient preparation of l furan‐derived amines was developed [e.g., 1‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐amine] with high yield (up to 95 %) from (E)‐1‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐methylhex‐1‐en‐3‐one. The catalyst used was Ru/C, and it was recyclable up to the fourth cycle. To further realize cost‐efficiency, a one‐reactor tandem concept was attempted. To this aim direct reaction from furfural was investigated. A high yield (74 %) towards 1‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylpentan‐2‐amine could be achieved starting directly from furfural in the presence of methyl isobutyl ketone, NH3, H2, and Ru/C catalyst.
The future for diabetic foot ulcer prevention: A paradigm shift from stratified healthcare towards personalized medicine
Authors: Van Netten Jaap J. , Woodburn James , Bus Sicco A.
Published: January 2020

Prevention of diabetic foot ulcers is important to reduce the burden of diabetic foot disease. However, we found that ulcer prevention is underexposed in research and clinical practice. Barriers to explain this are seen in patient's goal‐setting; in the lack of interdisciplinary teams for ulcer prevention; in sample sizes and funding for research; in industrial engagement; and in limited understanding of ulcer development. Rather than separately solving these barriers, we propose a paradigm shift from stratified healthcare towards personalized medicine for diabetic foot disease. Personalized medicine aims to deliver the right treatment to the right patient at the right time, based on individual diagnostics. Different treatment strategies should be available for different patients, delivered in an integrated, objective, quantitative and evidence‐based approach. More than on the classical risk factors of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral artery disease, individual diagnostics should focus on modifiable risk factors for ulceration. This includes structured biomechanical and behavioral profiling, while new research with (big) data science may identify additional risk factors, such as geographical or temporal patterns in ulceration. Industry involvement can drive the development of wearable instruments and assessment tools, to facilitate large‐scale individual diagnostics. For a paradigm shift towards personalized medicine in prevention, large‐scale collaborations between stakeholders are needed. As each ulcer episode not prevented costs about €10,000 in medical costs alone, such investments can be cost‐effective. We hope to see more discussions around this paradigm shift, and increasing investments of energy and money in diabetic foot ulcer prevention in research and clinical practice.
Unhealthy weight control behaviors among Ethiopian female adolescents
Authors: Tuffa Tigest A. , Gebreyesus Seifu H. , Endris Bilal S. , Getnet Yalemwork , Abebe Dawit S.
Published: January 2020

Background

Unhealthy weight control behaviors are a serious concern, impairing the quality of life in adolescents. Although recent epidemiological studies indicate a high level of disordered eating in developing countries, such data in Ethiopia are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to determine the extent of unhealthy weight control behaviors (i.e., purging and nonpurging) and corresponding associated factors among urban Ethiopian adolescents.

Method

A cross‐sectional study using self‐administered questionnaires was applied to 690 randomly selected female high school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2017. Measures included unhealthy weight control behaviors, body mass index, subjective perception of body weight, appearance satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and socio‐demographic factors. Logistic regression was applied for data analyses, that is, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

The level of unhealthy weight control behaviors (i.e., a score of at least once a week in the last 1 month) was 30.7% (N = 208). Specifically, the extent of purging and nonpurging weight control behaviors was 1.5% (N = 10) and 29.8% (N = 202), respectively. Factors that were significantly associated with unhealthy weight control behaviors were perception of being overweight [aOR = 3.01; 95%CI: 1.11–8.11], being overweight [aOR = 3.28; 95%CI: 1.54–7.01], severe depression [aOR = 4.09; 95%CI: 1.73–9.96], and high socio‐economic status [aOR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.30–2.80].

Conclusion

This study reveals a considerable level of unhealthy weight control behaviors among female adolescents in an urban setting in Ethiopia. Researchers and policy makers should focus their attention upon this emerging public health challenge and develop associated strategies.
Is physical exercise and dietary therapy a feasible alternative to cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of eating disorders? A randomized controlled trial of two group therapies
Authors: Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Friborg Oddgeir , Vrabel KariAnne , Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Pettersen Gunn , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn
Published: January 2020

Objective

To compare effects of physical exercise and dietary therapy (PED‐t) to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED).

Method

The active sample (18–40 years of age) consisted of 76 women in the PED‐t condition and 73 in the CBT condition. Participants who chose not to initiate treatment immediately (n = 23) were put on a waiting list. Outcome measures were the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE‐Q), Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and numbers in remission at posttreatment, and at 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐months follow‐up.

Results

Both treatment conditions produced medium to strong significant improvements on all outcomes with long‐term effect. The PED‐t produced a faster improvement in EDE‐Q and CIA, but these differences vanished at follow‐ups. Only PED‐t provided improvements in BDI, still with no between‐group difference. Totally, 30–50% of participants responded favorable to treatments, with no statistical between‐group difference.

Discussion

Both treatments shared a focus on normalizing eating patterns, correcting basic self‐regulatory processes and reducing idealized aesthetic evaluations of self‐worth. The results point to the PED‐t as an alternative to CBT for BN and BED, although results are limited due to compliance and dropout rates. Replications are needed by independent research groups as well as in more clinical settings.
Dispatches from the neighborhood watch: Using citizen science and field survey data to document color morph frequency in space and time
Authors: Lehtinen Richard M. , Carlson Brian M. , Hamm Alyssa R. , Riley Alexis G. , Mullin Maria M. , Gray Weston J.
Published: January 2020

Heritable color polymorphisms have a long history of study in evolutionary biology, though they are less frequently examined today than in the past. These systems, where multiple discrete, visually identifiable color phenotypes co‐occur in the same population, are valuable for tracking evolutionary change and ascertaining the relative importance of different evolutionary mechanisms. Here, we use a combination of citizen science data and field surveys in the Great Lakes region of North America to identify patterns of color morph frequencies in the eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Using over 68,000 individual squirrel records from both large and small spatial scales, we identify the following patterns: (a) the melanistic (black) phenotype is often localized but nonetheless widespread throughout the Great Lakes region, occurring in all states and provinces sampled. (b) In Ohio, where intensive surveys were performed, there is a weak but significantly positive association between color morph frequency and geographic proximity of populations. Nonetheless, even nearby populations often had radically different frequencies of the melanistic morph, which ranged from 0% to 96%. These patterns were mosaic rather than clinal. (c) In the Wooster, Ohio population, which had over eight years of continuous data on color morph frequency representing nearly 40,000 records, we found that the frequency of the melanistic morph increased gradually over time on some survey routes but decreased or did not change over time on others. These differences were statistically significant and occurred at very small spatial scales (on the order of hundreds of meters). Together, these patterns are suggestive of genetic drift as an important mechanism of evolutionary change in this system. We argue that studies of color polymorphism are still quite valuable in advancing our understanding of fundamental evolutionary processes, especially when coupled with the growing availability of data from citizen science efforts.
Analyzing snapshot diversity patterns with the Neutral Theory can show functional groups’ effects on community assembly
Authors: Laroche Fabien , Violle Cyrille , Taudière Adrien , Munoz François
Published: January 2020

A central question of community ecology is to understand how the interplay between processes of the Neutral Theory (e.g., immigration and ecological drift) and niche‐based processes (e.g., environmental filtering, intra‐ and interspecific density dependence) shape species diversity in competitive communities. The articulation between these two categories of mechanisms can be studied through the lens of the intermediate organizational level of “functional groups” (FGs), defined as clusters of species with similar traits. Indeed, FGs stress ecological differences among species and are thus likely to unravel non‐neutral interactions within communities. Here we presented a novel approach to explore how FGs affect species coexistence by comparing species and functional diversity patterns. Our framework considers the Neutral Theory as a mechanistic null hypothesis. It assesses how much the functional diversity deviates from species diversity in communities, and compares this deviation, called the “average functional deviation,” to a neutral baseline. We showed that the average functional deviation can indicate reduced negative density dependence or environmental filtering among FGs. We validated our framework using simulations illustrating the two situations. We further analyzed tropical tree communities in Western Ghats, India. Our analysis of the average functional deviation revealed environmental filtering between deciduous and evergreen FGs along a broad rainfall gradient. By contrast, we did not find clear evidence for reduced density dependence among FGs. We predict that applying our approach to new case studies where environmental gradients are milder and FGs are more clearly associated to resource partitioning should reveal the missing pattern of reduced density dependence among FGs.
Impedimetric Biosensor for Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1‐Antigen Detection
Authors: Garcia Luane Ferreira , Silvio Batista Rodrigues Edson , Rocha Lino de Souza Guilherme , Jubé Wastowski Isabela , Mota de Oliveira Fernando , Torres Pio dos Santos Wallans , de Souza Gil Eric
Published: January 2020

The bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1) is a pathogen of great economic impact for livestock, which is related multi‐systemic infections that leads to mortality or morbidity of cattles. Thus, the search for cheap and practical methodologies that allow the selective detection of BHV‐1 antigen (BHV‐1 AG) is of utmost relevance. Therefore, an impedimetric label‐free immunosensor was herein, developed and its performance evaluated in biological samples enriched with BHV‐1 AG. Briefly, the biosensor construction was based on the immobilization of BHV‐1 antibody (BHV‐1 AB) and casein on the activated glassy carbon electrode surface. The BHV‐1 AB was isolated from egg yolk of immunized chickens, which is a less stressful protocol. The bio sensing principle was based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy by using Fe(CN)64−/3− probe, which were also used to check variation of charge transfer resistance (▵Rct), when the electrode surface was increasingly blocked by immune complex. A linear relationship between ▵Rct and BHV‐1 AG concentration was verified in the range from 10 to 50 TCID50 mL−1, with LOQ of 2.00 TCID50 mL−1 and LOD of 0.66 TCID50 mL−1. Besides the suitable sensitivity, the immunosensor displayed accuracy, stability, and specificity to detect BHV‐1 AG in biological samples of serum, nasal secretions, semen and urine. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge this is the first immunosensor applied to BHV‐1 diagnostic.
Functional Nickel Oxide Nanostructures for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Amin Sidra , Tahira Aneela , Solangi Amber R. , Mazzaro Raffaello , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain , Fatima Almas , Vomiero Alberto
Published: January 2020

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures are employed in the basic medium for the oxidation of ethanol. A variety of NiO nanostructures are synthesized by wet chemical growth method, using different hydroxide (OH−) ion sources, particularly from ammonia, hexamethylenetetramine, urea and sodium hydroxide. The use of urea as (OH−) ion source results in flower‐like NiO structures composed by extremely thin nanowalls (thickness lower than 10 nm,), which demonstrated to be the most active for ethanol oxidation. All the samples exhibit NiO cubic phase, and no other impurity was detected. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of NiO nanostructures were found linear over the concentration range 0.1–3.5 mM (R2=0.99) of ethanol, with the limit of detection estimated to be 0.013 mM for ethanol. The NiO nanostructures exhibit a selective signal towards ethanol oxidation in the presence of different members of alcohol family. The proposed NiO nanostructures showed a significant practicality for the reproducible and sensitive determination of ethanol from brandy, whisky, mixture of brandy and rum, and vodka samples. The nanomaterial was used as a surface modifying agent for the glassy carbon electrode and it showed a stable electro‐oxidation activity for the ethanol for 16 days. These findings indicate that the presented NiO nanomaterial can be applied in place of noble metals for ethanol sensing and other environmental applications (like fuel cells).
A new cross‐borehole hydraulic caving technique in the coal seam with a soft layer for preventing coal and gas outbursts during coal roadway excavation
Authors: Qin Binbin , Wei Guoying , Lou Zhen , Wang Zehua , He Fulian , He Wenrui , Zhu Hengzhong
Published: January 2020

Predrainage of gas by cross‐boreholes is an important method to prevent coal and gas outbursts in the process of a coal roadway excavation. Limitations of technologies and poor effects of preventing coal and gas outbursts occur in the coal seam with a soft layer. In this study, a new hydraulic caving technology for cross‐boreholes has been proposed to solve this problem. A CT equipment was used to observe the development of coal fissures around cross‐boreholes in the coal seam with a soft layer. The plastic zone range and permeability distribution of ordinary hydraulic slotting technologies and the new hydraulic caving technology also were compared by numerical simulation. The field test of hydraulic caving was taken in the Xuehu Mine (China). The results show that the fracture development degree of soft coal is greater than that of hard coal at the same distance from cross‐boreholes. The fracture development degree in the plastic zone is greater than that in the elastic zone. The hydraulic caving technique can achieve the same effect as the ordinary hydraulic slotting with less workload. The mass of coal discharged from a cross‐borehole was 1.15 t/m and the average methane concentration of single drainage borehole increased by 1.09‐4.1 times, and the average methane extraction amount of single drainage borehole increased by 6.06 times. Elimination of coal and gas outburst had been completed after 110 days of extraction in the area of hydraulic caving, and Q and S values are lower than the critical value during roadway excavation. It is conclusion that hydraulic caving technique can effectively improve the permeability and rapidly eliminate coal and gas outburst in the coal seam with a soft layer.
Adakitic rocks and A‐type felsic dykes in the Changlingzi area, NE China: Constraints on multistage tectonism in the southern Great Xing'an Range
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Ke‐yong , Fu Li‐juan , Zhang Miao , Liu Qing‐zhan , Tang Wen‐hao , Wang Chang‐hong
Published: January 2020

New LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry data, and petrographic observations are presented for three granitic dykes in the Changlingzi area of NE China. These data provide precise age and petrogenesis information with respect to the late Palaeozoic–Mesozoic intrusions in the area, which further constrain the geodynamic evolution of the southern Great Xing'an Range. Our zircon U–Pb data denote that the felsic dykes were emplaced during the Late Permian (~254 Ma) and Late Jurassic (143–142 Ma). Geochemically, the Late Permian monzonite porphyries are characterized by high Al2O3 (16.52–16.92 wt%) and Sr (490–579 ppm) contents and low Yb (0.52–0.57 ppm), Y (5.7–6.3 ppm), and heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents, which indicate an adakitic affinity. The Late Jurassic felsic dykes are characterized by high FeOt/MgO (8.2–11.9) and Ga/Al (3.3–3.8) ratios, high zircon saturation temperatures (888–929°C), and remarkable negative Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.25–0.42) anomalies, indicating they are akin to A‐type granites. The Late Permian adakitic magma resulted from the partial melting of thickened lower crust, and was formed during collisional orogenesis related to subduction of Palaeo‐Asian Ocean crust. The Late Jurassic A‐type magmas were probably generated by the partial melting of amphibolite‐facies lower crustal materials. The melting occurred in response to the upwelling of asthenospheric material caused by collapse of thickened crust, due to gravitational instability during closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. Subsequently, the latest stage of magmatic activity in this area and elsewhere in NE China was controlled mainly by subduction of Palaeo‐Pacific Ocean crust.
RvE1 treatment prevents memory loss and neuroinflammation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Hamlett Eric D. , Hjorth Erik , Ledreux Aurélie , Gilmore Anah , Schultzberg Marianne , Granholm Ann Charlotte
Published: January 2020

Inflammation can be resolved by pro‐homeostatic lipids called specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs) upon activation of their receptors. Dysfunctional inflammatory resolution is now considered as a driver of chronic neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. We have previously shown that SPM levels were reduced and also that SPM‐binding receptors were increased in patients with AD compared to age‐matched controls. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit accelerated acquisition of AD neuropathology, dementia, and neuroinflammation at an earlier age than the general population. Beneficial effects of inducing resolution in DS have not been investigated previously. The effects of the SPM resolvin E1 (RvE1) in a DS mouse model (Ts65Dn) were investigated with regard to inflammation, neurodegeneration, and memory deficits. A moderate dose of RvE1 for 4 weeks in middle‐aged Ts65Dn mice elicited a significant reduction in memory loss, along with reduced levels of serum pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and reduced microglial activation in the hippocampus of Ts65Dn mice but had no effects in age‐matched normosomic mice. There were no observable adverse side effects in Ts65Dn or in normosomic mice. These findings suggest that SPMs may represent a novel drug target for individuals with DS and others at risk of developing AD.
The intergenerational transmission of health in the United States: A latent variables analysis
Authors: Halliday Timothy J. , Mazumder Bhashkar , Wong Ashley
Published: January 2020

Social scientists have long documented that many components of socioeconomic status such as income and education have strong ties across generations. However, health status, arguably a more critical component of welfare, has largely been ignored. We fill this void by providing the first estimates of the Intergenerational Health Association (IHA) that are explicitly based on a nonlinear latent variable model. We develop an estimation procedure for a nonlinear model with categorical outcomes in which the latent index is a mixed linear model and contains covariates that might not vary within cross‐sectional units. Adjusting for only age and gender, we estimate an IHA of 0.3 indicating that about one third of a parent's health status gets transmitted to their children. Once we add additional mediators to the model, we show that education, and particularly children's education, is an important transmission channel in that it reduces the IHA by one third. Finally, we show that estimates of the IHA from nonlinear models are only moderately higher than those from linear models, whereas rank‐based mobility estimates are identical.
Nursing Care of Patients With Cirrhosis: The LiverHope Nursing Project
Authors: Fabrellas Núria , Carol Marta , Palacio Ester , Aban Marites , Lanzillotti Tommaso , Nicolao Gea , Chiappa Maria Teresa , Esnault Vanessa , Graf‐Dirmeier Sabine , Helder Jeltje , Gossard Andrea , Lopez Mireia , Cervera Marta , Dols Lacey L. ,   on behalf of the LiverHope Consortium Investigators
Published: January 2020

Cirrhosis is a complex disease that is associated with disturbances in different organs besides the liver, including kidneys, heart, arterial circulation, lungs, gut, and brain. As a consequence, patients develop a number of complications that result in frequent hospital admissions and high morbidity and mortality. Patients with cirrhosis require constant and rigorous monitoring both in and outside the hospital. In this context, the role of nurses in the care of patients with cirrhosis has not been sufficiently emphasized and there is very limited information about nursing care of patients with cirrhosis compared with other chronic diseases. The current article provides a review of nursing care for the different complications of patients with cirrhosis. Nurses with specific knowledge on liver diseases should be incorporated into multidisciplinary teams managing patients with cirrhosis, both inpatient and outpatient. Conclusion: Nurses play an important role in the management and prevention of complications of the disease and improvement in patients’ quality of life and bridge the gap between clinicians and families, between primary care and hospital care, and provide medical education to patients and caregivers.
Jeffrey nanofluid flow near a Riga plate: Spectral quasilinearization approach
Authors: Ansari Md Sharifuddin , Magagula Vusi Mpendulo , Trivedi Mumukshu
Published: January 2020

This article attempts to report the flow mechanism of Jeffrey nanofluid flow on a Riga plate integrating the influences of viscous dissipation, irregular heat source/sink, Brownian motion, and thermophoretic force. Nondimensionalization of mathematical model describing the flow system is accomplished by a set of compatible transformations. An accurate solution of ordinary differential equations is achieved by practicing spectral quasilinearization method. The present method is capable of giving results with good accuracy in few iterations, which infers speedy convergence. Solution‐based error norm (a measure of difference of approximate solution in two consecutive iteration level) is presented to authenticate precision of obtained approximate solution. The similarity between present approximate results and previously reported results is noted to check correctness. Obtained numerical solutions were replicated in a diagrammatic form to visualize the impact of flow parameters. Ratio of relaxation to retardation time produces an enhancing influence on momentum and nanoparticle concentration and a declining effect on the fluid temperature. Riga plate strengthens the momentum, which intensifies the transport of heat energy from boundary layer region, resulting in a reduction in fluid temperature.
Using Socioenvironmental Report Cards as a Tool for Transdisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Vargas-Nguyen Vanessa , Kelsey R Heath , Jordahl Harald , Nuttle William , Somerville Charles , Thomas Jane , Dennison William C
Published: January 2020

The process of developing a socioenvironmental report card through transdisciplinary collaboration can be used in any system and can provide the foundation for collaborative solutions for sustainable resource management by creating a holistic assessment that balances environmental, economic, and social concerns that incorporates multiple perspectives from multisectoral actors. We demonstrated this in the Mississippi River watershed, USA with the ultimate goal of promoting holistic management of the region's natural resources. But working at the scale of the Mississippi River watershed presents the challenge of working across geographical, organizational, and disciplinary boundaries. The development of a socioenvironmental report card served as the focus for efforts to foster a shared vision among diverse stakeholders in the watershed and to promote transdisciplinary collaboration. The process engaged more than 700 participants from environment, flood control, transportation, water supply, economy, and recreation sectors, from more than 400 organizations representing local, state, and federal government agencies, businesses and trade associations, and private, nonprofit, and academic institutions. This broad engagement in the selection of important themes, indicators, measures, and assessment methods as part of the cocreation of boundary objects aimed to foster social and mutual learning and to develop common understanding and shared visioning among stakeholders with differing perspectives. The process was facilitated by boundary-spanning organizations, creating an atmosphere of trust by utilizing “third places” for knowledge exchange and integration. This transdisciplinary process also led to collective action through collaboration and selection of restoration and management activities that could improve conditions for multiple sectors simultaneously and/or recognize potential tradeoffs for informed decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:494–507. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)