bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tranexamic Acid in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Laungani Dev , Porto Joshua R. , Haase Lucas , Smith Kira , Chen Raymond , Gillespie Robert
Published: June 2024

Background:

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid (TXA) as an antifibrinolytic agent in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is well documented; however, there remains considerable practice variability concerning the optimal route of administration and dosing protocols concerning the medication's use. Our aim was to conduct a scoping review of the literature regarding the efficacy of various methods of TXA administration in TSA and to identify knowledge gaps that may be addressed.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. The PubMed and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched to identify all articles published before March 2023 investigating the administration of TXA in TSA. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included, and data were extracted to capture information regarding intervention details and related outcomes such as blood loss, transfusion needs, and complication rates.

Results:

A total of 15 studies were included in this review. All selected studies used either intravenous (IV) or topical TXA, with 1 study also including a combined approach of both topical and IV TXA. Of the studies that used an IV approach, the most commonly reported favorable outcomes were a reduction in blood volume loss, reduction in hemoglobin or hematocrit change, and decreased drain output. Dosing varied significantly between all identified studies because some used a standard dosing amount in grams or milligrams for all treatment group participants, whereas others used weight-based dosing amounts. All studies that used a weight-based dosing regimen as well as studies using a standard dosing amount between 1,000 and 5,000 mg reported favorable outcomes for postoperative blood loss.

Conclusion:

Both IV and topical TXA clearly demonstrate favorable perioperative hematologic profiles in TSA. Although both approaches have demonstrated a successful association with decreased blood loss and transfusion requirements, there is no definitive benefit to choosing one over the other. Furthermore, the use of oral TXA either in combination or isolation warrants further study in TSA because of its comparable efficacy profiles and significantly lower associated costs of application.
Competencia digital autopercibida por docentes tras la virtualidad de emergencia en tres universidades argentinas
Authors: Chiecher Analía Claudia , Bossolasco María Luisa , Paoloni Paola Verónica
Published: June 2024

El artículo hace foco en la competencia digital docente, vinculada con el uso de las TIC para enseñar y aprender con criterios didácticos y pedagógicos, con conciencia ética y moral. En la etapa de pandemia por COVID-19, con la presencialidad suspendida, los docentes debieron poner en juego una diversidad de competencias digitales para sostener la enseñanza. La hipótesis que orienta el estudio señala que, tras dos años de virtualidad en el nivel superior -forzada por la emergencia sanitaria (2020 y 2021)-, la competencia digital docente puede haberse modificado en un sentido positivo, de mejora y desarrollo. El objetivo de esta investigación es comparar la autopercepción de la competencia digital de docentes de nivel superior antes (pre) y después de la pandemia (pos). Bajo el formato de un diseño cuantitativo, transversal retrospectivo, participaron de la investigación 372 profesores universitarios de tres universidades argentinas, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sobre su competencia digital en seis áreas. Los resultados sugieren un incremento de la competencia digital percibida por el profesorado tras la pandemia en los tres grupos estudiados. Estos hallazgos, parecen indicar que la oportunidad de poner en juego distintas competencias digitales es crucial para su desarrollo.
Proto-identidades desde las narrativas institucionales: un ejercicio de encapsulamiento de las identidades flexibles para un tratamiento homogéneo.
Authors: Magallanes Payan José Arturo
Published: June 2024

Studies on migrations and migrants are especially aimed at identifying the problems that arise in the journeys from the place of origin and arrival to the planned space, however, they are usually influenced by narratives taken uncritically, in this case from the IOM. The study aims to analyze and identify the metaphors and sentences that reveal a certain ideological-discursive trend related to the so-called Governance in the document Highlights of the 2020 Annual Report offered by this organization. Based on this analysis, concepts were identified that together with others make up a virtuous equation, a process that entails, due to the level of expertise in its composition, an unquestionable degree of veracity, since they are located in what is called politically correct in the multiculturalism. In this way, the IOM narratives create a virtual migrant under the so-called data economy.
Strategic Forecasting of Renewable Energy Production for Sustainable Electricity Supply: A Machine Learning Approach Considering Environmental, Economic, and Oil Factors in Turkey
Authors: Keskin Abdulkadir , Atalan Yasemin Ayaz , Atalan Abdulkadir
Published: June 2024

Providing electricity needs from renewable energy sources is an important issue in the energy policies of countries. Especially changes in energy usage rates make it necessary to use renewable energy resources to be sustainable. The electricity usage rate must be estimated accurately to make reliable decisions in strategic planning and future investments in renewable energy. This study aims to accurately estimate the renewable energy production rate to meet Türkiye's electricity needs from renewable energy sources. For this purpose, well-known Machine Learning (ML) algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AB), and Gradient Boosting (GB) were utilized. In obtaining forecast data, 15 variables were considered under the oil resources, environmental parameters, and economic factors which are the main parameters affecting renewable energy usage rates. The RF algorithm performed best with the lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE, 0.084%), mean absolute error (MAE, 0.035), root mean square error (RMSE, 0.063), and mean squared error (MSE, 0.004) values in the test dataset. The R2 value of this model is 0.996% and the MAPE value is calculated lower than 10%. The AB model, on the other hand, has the highest error values in the test data set, but still provides an acceptable prediction accuracy. The R2 value was 0.792% and the MAPE value (0.371%) of this model was calculated to be in the range of 20%<MAPE ≤ 50%. This study, with its proposed forecasting models, makes significant contributions to energy policies to develop appropriate policies only for planning the amount of electricity usage needed in the future. In this context, this study emphasizes that renewable energy-based electricity generation transformation should be considered as an important strategic goal in terms of both environmental sustainability and energy security.
Enhanced Single Shot Detector for Small Object Detection in Drone-Capture Scenarios
Authors: Shi Yanxia , Liu Yanrong , Liu Yaru
Published: June 2024

Harnessing the remarkable advancements in deep learning, object detection has witnessed a significant leap in performance in recent times. Nevertheless, the detection of small objects remains an intricate task, primarily due to their low resolution and noisy representation, particularly in drone-captured scenarios. In this paper, we introduce an Enhanced Single Shot Detector (ESSD), tailored for the detection of small objects in drone-captured imagery. Acknowledging that larger objects are typically easier to detect than smaller ones, we employ a scale-confusion erasing module to mitigate the noise introduced by larger objects during the detection of smaller ones. Additionally, we devise a neighbor fusion module that effectively integrates semantic information from deeper layers into shallower ones. Our extensive experiments and evaluations on the VisDrone2019-DET benchmark dataset clearly demonstrate the proficiency of ESSD in detecting small objects, exhibiting comparable performance to state-of-the-art approaches.
Endothelial progenitor cell-derived conditioned medium mitigates chronic cerebral ischemic injury through macrophage migration inhibitory factor-activated AKT pathway
Authors: Cheng Ya-Wen , Yang Ling-Yu , Chen Yi-Tzu , Chou Sheng-Che , Chen Kuo-Wei , Chen Yi-Hsing , Deng Chuan-Rou , Chen I-Chin , Chou Wan-Ju , Chang Chen-Chih , Chen Yong-Ren , Hwa Hsiao-Lin , Wang Kuo-Chuan , Kuo Meng-Fai
Published: June 2024

Background
Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is considered as a prelude to neurodegeneration. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in revascularization and vascular repair in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. However, due to the safety concern and the low survival rate of the transplanted EPCs, interest has shifted toward the paracrine effects of EPCs. In this study, we investigated the effects of EPC-derived conditioned medium (EPC-CM) on the vascular and neurological functional impairments in a rodent model of CCI and the mechanism involved.
Methods
Bilateral internal carotid artery ligation (BICAL) was performed in male Wistar rats to induce CCI. EPC-CM was intracisternally injected one week after BICAL. The cerebral microvasculature and neurobehavior of the rats were examined three weeks after BICAL. The EPC-CM was analyzed by cytokine array to identify factors involved in angiogenesis. The effects and mechanism of the candidate factor in the EPC-CM on CCI was validated in vitro with oxygen-glucose deprivation-injured endothelial cells and EPCs.
Results
EPC-CM significantly improved the vasculature, motor, and cognitive impairments of the BICAL rats. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was identified as a key factor in EPC-CM involved in angiogenesis and anti-senescence. In vitro study, recombinant MIF protein exhibited similar effects of EPC-CM on EPCs and ECs. These therapeutic effects were decreased by the co-treatment with EPC-CM and MIF-specific antibody both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we found MIF promoted angiogenesis and anti-senescence via activating the AKT pathway. Inhibiting the AKT pathway diminished the protective effect of MIF in the CCI model in vitro.
Conclusions
We demonstrated that EPC-CM protected the brain from chronic ischemic injury and promoted functional recovery in rats with CCI through the MIF-mediated AKT pathway, which indicated that EPC-CM may serve as a potential agent in the therapy of CCI.
First direct observation of magnetic polarons by small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Beaudin Gabrielle , Désilets-Benoit Alexandre , Arnold Robert , Samothrakitis Stavros , Stenning Killian , Nicklas Michael , Gerber Simon , Leos Nikola Galvan , Gavilano Jorge , Kenzelmann Michel , Cubitt Robert , Dewhurst Charles , Laver Mark , Bianchi Andrea
Published: June 2024

High temperature superconductors start out as two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Mott insulators. These are then lightly doped, where the motion of these free charges distorts the surrounding Néel order and forms a string of distorted spins in the form of a magnetic polaron. Thus, magnetic polarons are thought to be central to the high-$T_c$ problem. The shape and size of such dynamic magnetic domains can be determined from small angle neutron scattering (SANS). In order to show that magnetic polarons can be detected by SANS we studied the three-dimensional ferromagnetic model system \eu, where the results of other measurements suggest the presence of magnetic polarons. In \eu, just above $T_{\mathrm{C}}$, our experiments show magnetic scattering intensity, which has a Lorentzian dependence on the wave vector, characteristic for the presence of magnetic polarons. Below $T_{\mathrm{C}}$ the polarons merge and most of the observed intensity is due to scattering from domain walls. We were able to extract a correlation length $\xi$ which ranges from 100 to 300~\AA\ for the size of the magnetic polarons. This size is much larger than one would expect for magnetic fluctuations of a 3D Heisenberg ferromagnet, demonstrating the usefulness of SANS for detecting magnetic polarons.
A novel wheat S1-bZIP gene, TabZIP11 confers stress resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Li na , Yu Zhen , Liu Xingyan , Wang Yaoyao , Luo Jing , Wang Yinghong , Yang Ning , Yang Yingli , Xia Chuan , Zhang Lichao , Kong Xiuying
Published: June 2024

The majority of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) subgroup S1 play significant regulatory role in response to abiotic stress. However, their functions and underlying molecular mechanisms in abiotic stress responses are less known in wheat (Triticumaestivum L.). In this study, we isolated a TabZIP11 TF, which is from S1 subgroup of wheat bZIP transcription factor. TabZIP11 encodes a nuclear protein without transcriptional activation activity. Transcript of TabZIP11 gene was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), NaCl, and cold stress treatments. Whereas compared with NaCl treatment, TabZIP11 showed a lower expression level under NaCl+LaCl3 condition. We found that calcium-dependent protein kinase1 (TaCDPK1), TaCDPK5, TaCDPK9-1, TaCDPK30 and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-CBL-interacting protein kinase31 (TaCIPK31) cooperated with TabZIP11. The overexpression of TabZIP11 ectopically improved salt and freezing tolerances in Arabidopsis. TabZIP11 contributed to salt and freezing tolerance by modulating soluble sugar, proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) productions and abiotic stress responsive gene expression levels. TabZIP11 can form both homodimers and heterodimers with itself and group C TabZIP members. The modified yeast one-hybrid analysis confirmed that TabZIP36 significantly enhanced the binding ability of TabZIP11 to the promotor of TaCBF1 gene. Thus, these results suggest that TabZIP11 interacts with TabZIP36 to modulate cold signaling by facilitating the transcriptional activity of c-repeat binding factor (TaCBF1) gene. TabZIP11 functions as a positive regulator of salt stress responses through interacting with TaCDPK1/5/9-1/30 and TaCIPK31.
Has the Covid-19 pandemic altered the frequency of periodontitis? An analysis conducted using Google Trends.
Authors: Üner Devrim Deniz , İzol Bozan Serhat
Published: June 2024

Background
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes permanent damage to various organs and tissues in humans in the long term. The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of searches for the word "periodontitis" on the internet in the period after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the previous period, using GT (Google Trends), and in this way to indirectly determine whether there is a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and periodontitis.
Methods
Using the GT online tool in randomly selected countries and around the world, the word "periodontitis" and the word equivalent to the word "periodontitis" in the language of that country were scanned for a 4-year period before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and compared.
Results
The M (Mean) of the RSV data of the word "periodontitis" worldwide in the pre-Covid period (between 2015–2019) in Google Trends was detected as 64.11 ± 7.85, MD (Median) was 63, and min and max were 44 and 100, respectively.
Conclusion
In this study, it has been determined that the level of internet searches for the word "periodontitis" has increased compared to the pre-SARS-CoV-2 period since the first occurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide. This study may provide a causal basis for subsequent clinical studies on this subject.
trans-chalcone ameliorates CCl4-induced Acute Liver Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Munakarmi Suvesh , Gurau Yamuna , Shrestha Juna , Chand Lokendra , Park Ho Sung , Lee Geum-Hwa , Jeong Yeon Jun
Published: June 2024

Background Acute liver injury is a sensitive parameter for detecting liver damage due to toxic, viral, metabolic, and autoimmune exposures. Due to the response to adverse external stimuli and various cellular homeostasis, Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), Oxidative stress, and Inflammation have great potential for treating liver injury.Trans-chalcones (TC) is a polyphenolic compound derived from a natural plant with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory abilities. Here, TC was aimed to attenuate liver injury by triggering ER stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Methods A single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1 mL/kg was administered intraperitoneally into C57BL6 mice to construct anin vivoNAFLD model, whereas AML12 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to construct anin vitroNAFLD model. The mice used in the experiment were randomly assigned to two groups: a 12-hour set and a 24-hour set. Forty-nine mice were randomly divided into seven groups, the control group (Group I), TC group (Group II) 10 mg/kg TC, negative control group (Group III) CCl4, TC + CCl4groups (Groups IV − VI), mice were subcutaneously treated with (5, 10, and 20) mg/kg of TC for three consecutive days before the CCl4injection and the positive control group (Group VII) received 10 mg/kg Silymarin. After the experiment, serum transaminase, liver histological pathology, hepatic expression levels ERS, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related markers were assessed Results TC pre-treatment significantly alleviates the expression of ER stress, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in bothin vivoandin vitromodels of liver injury. TC treatment significantly reduced serum transaminase levels (ALT and AST), and ROS levels. The protective effect of TC on the liver injury mouse model was achieved by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. Moreover, TC pre-treatment dramatically decreased the protein levels of ER stress indicators such as CHOP, Bip, Ero-Lα, IRE1α, PERK, Calnexin, and PDI when compared to the CCl4-only treated group. Conclusion TC exerts hepatoprotective effects against CCl4-induced acute liver injuries in mice by modulating ERS, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective effects of TC and to explore its therapeutic potential in clinical trials.
Simulation of Long-Term Aging of Asphalt Binders for Indian Conditions Using Draft Oven and Pressure Aging Vessel
Authors: Rai Priti , Kumar Praveen , Saboo Nikhil
Published: June 2024

Artificial aging of asphalt binder in the laboratory is critical for studies on reclaimed asphalt pavement materials (RAPM). This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the universal simple aging test (USAT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) in simulating the long-term aging (7 years) of asphalt binders for Indian conditions. Rheological and chemical characteristics of lab-aged binders were compared with the field-recovered asphalt binders. It was found that there is a need to extend the aging period in the standard test procedures to simulate field long term aging. Aging in PAV at 110°C for 40 h/60 h was found to be appropriate. The extended conditioning period is a function of the type of base binder and the extent of aging required to be simulated. Aging in draft oven (USAT) was found to be inadequate to represent the changes in chemical properties due to aging, as evaluated using the carbonyl and sulfoxide aging indices. The rate of aging in the polymer modified binder was found to be higher than the viscosity graded binder, used in this study. To simulate field long term aging in tropical environment, this study recommends using PAV at 110°C for an extended time period ranging from 20 h to 40 h. The ratio of the stiffness of field-extracted binder and the unaged binder is the key to select the appropriate aging time.
Comparative studies on the identification and assessment of basal stem necrosis in ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior) against the backdrop of the European ash dieback
Authors: Häuser Henriette Luise , Hauswald Jessica , Kätzel Ralf
Published: June 2024

This study deals with ash monitoring data collected by the FraxForFuture research network on 14 intensive monitoring plots across Germany. It focuses on the phenomenon of ash dieback in Germany.
As basal stem necrosis has been identified as the main cause of ash dieback and uprooting, early detection is essential. To this end, this study investigated three different methods for detecting stem collar necrosis, which we applied simultaneously and compared in the intensive monitoring plot in Brandenburg.
We assessed a cohort of 1,572 ash trees distributed across the 14 plots six times over a three-year period using a nationally standardized ash dieback assessment key. In addition, we assessed 29 ash trees on the Brandenburg plot using a resistograph. Of these trees, we subjected 19 to intensive biochemical analysis. These methods were then evaluated and compared.
Our analysis of the scores shows significant variation in the incidence and progression of basal stem necrosis across Germany. Comparison with the resistograph indicates limitations in the detection of severe necrosis by scoring alone. Biochemical analysis highlights the effect of necrosis on soluble carbohydrate and total phenolic content, with soluble amino acids also implicated.
As ash dieback progresses, ash trees, which are often severely damaged in the canopy, need to be thoroughly assessed at the base of the trunk to limit damage and minimise loss of value.
A global peek at climate data trends since 1984
Authors: Stasinopoulos Thanos N.
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on examining the impact of rising air temperatures on other climatic parameters on a global scale. It conducts a comparative analysis of temperature trends across 100 locations worldwide and assesses how they relate to five additional climatic parameters. The study utilises historical data spanning from 1984 to 2022. Over this period, a consistent upward trend in annual air temperature is observed across almost all locations. In contrast, the trends of the other climatic parameters exhibit diverse patterns, characterized by varying degrees of increase and decrease. To explore the connections between these parameter trends and other influential factors, data pairs from all locations are collectively analysed. The resulting relationships are visualized through scatter charts, providing valuable insights for further scrutiny. Each comparison is accompanied by relevant comments, referencing previous research on the specific relationship. These preliminary findings serve as an initial exploration of the interrelationships between climatic variables, presenting research directions for further investigating the complex dynamics of climate change across various regions of the world.
Untargeted proteomics and stage-specific Huntington’s disease reveal biological pathways, and potential protein biomarkers
Authors: Papanicolaou Eleni Zamba , Christodoulou Christiana , Demetriou Christiana
Published: June 2024

Although Huntington’s Disease is a, monogenic neurodegenerative disease, its molecular manifestations remain highly complex and involve multiple cellular process. Here, we performed untargeted proteomics analysis of serum proteins in varying stages of HD severity. Our study identified pathways related to RHOGDI signaling, immune related pathways such as acute phase response signaling, complement system and cascade and LXR/RXR activation for HD stage. Biomarker analysis revealed proteins related to cytoskeleton function and intercellular signaling such as CAP1 in asymptomatic HD patients and CAPZB in symptomatic HD patients, which were both over-expressed in these HD stages. The CFH protein is involved in complement activation and was over-expressed in symptomatic advanced HD patients. Lastly, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for each HD stage using HD associated genes from publicly available databases and the differently expressed proteins for each HD stage. The HTT protein interacts with proteins, SPTA1, ACTN1, ACTB, ANK1, LGALS4 that are related to cytoskeleton function and intercellular signalling, mitochondrial related proteins such as AIFM1, MAOB. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the biological mechanisms, protein interactions and potential biomarkers for each HD stage, as this will lead to a better understanding of the disease and open the way for potential treatment.
Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Methods for Mobile Robot in Indoor Environment
Authors: Du Yixiao , Mo Zhibin , Yang Xiansheng , Liu Wanquan , Imran Muhammand , Sun Hui-Jie
Published: June 2024

In indoor environments, mobile robots are commonly equipped with depth cameras or 2-D laser rangefinders to detect obstacles and navigate through path planning algorithms. However, numerous challenges persist in achieving comprehensive detection and effective avoidance of collisions with obstacles in real indoor environments. The limitations of the 2-D laser rangefinder in accurately representing obstacles at varying heights, coupled with the inherent drawbacks of the rapidly-exploring random tree and the artificial potential field algorithms in obstacle avoidance. Therefore, in this paper, an obstacle detection and avoidance method for mobile robots in indoor environments is proposed, aiming to significantly enhance the efficiency and safety of robot navigation within indoor environments. Firstly, the depth cameras are fused with the 2-D laser rangefinder to expand the field of view of robot obstacle detection. Then, by adding the offset force to solve the problem that the mobile robot is trapped in the local minima caused by the traditional artificial potential field algorithm. On this basis, a series of path optimization methods are proposed to minimize path length while enhancing path smoothness. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables the mobile robot to detect obstacles comprehensively and acquire a concise and smooth collision-free path.
Amplified single-walled carbon nanohorns aptasensor through catalytic recycling for susceptible detection of kanamycin sulfate
Authors: Zhang Fengjiao , Wang Qihui , Yan Yehao , Jia Chaofan , Xu Xinqiu , Wei Yin
Published: June 2024

This study developed an aptamer-based fluorescence strategy that used oxidized single-walled carbon nanohorns (ox-SWCNHs) for kanamycin sulfate (KAM). Through the oxidation process, single-walled carbon nanohorns were functionalized to produce ox-SWCNHs exhibiting enhanced hydrophilicity, which were subsequently used as fluorescence quenchers within the assay. When kanamycin sulfate was added, it bound to the aptamer and formed a quadruplex structure that detached from the ox-SWCNHs surface and retained the fluorescent dye. During this process, Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was introduced and the G-quadruplex structure was cleaved, resulting in the release of kanamycin sulfate from the complex. This structural rearrangement facilitated the release of the kanamycin sulfate, which was then free to bind additional aptamers on the surface of ox-SWCNHs. This initiated a cyclic mechanism that significantly amplified the fluorescence signal. The detection limit of the KAM was 0.6 nM. This probe exhibited high selectivity which was used for the determination of KAM with satisfied recoveries (81.2 to 101.7%) and good precision (0.4 to 8.9%) in lake water samples. Moreover, the technique was specific to KAM and did not interfere with other antibiotics. This sensor demonstrated significant potential for the environmental monitoring of KAM in aquatic systems and offered a versatile platform for the detection of a variety of other substances by simply altering the aptamer sequence.
Chemical predation signals: a possible major influence on the differential predation strategy of ants on termites
Authors: Fan Shu-min , Wen Xiao-lan , Jia Bao , Wu Yuan-ru , Li Zhao-tian
Published: June 2024

Chemical pheromones are an important means of communication within social insects, but they can also be easily exploited by predators as cues for locating prey. Ants are the most important predator for termites, ants have evolved a strategy for termites, and termites have their defense strategy for ants. Here, we showed that the ant Odontoponera transvers adopt differential predation strategies towards different species of termites (Coptotermes formosanus, Ancistrotermes dimorphus, and Macrotermes barneyi). The O. transversa actively preys on A. dimorphus and M. barneyi, but passively preys on C. formosanus. As long as there was A. dimorphus or M. barneyi presented, ants O. transversa have no predatory behavior towards C. formosanus. In other words, ants have a much greater predatory preference for A. dimorphus and M. barneyi than for C. formosanus. We provided three hypotheses (nutritional value, predation signals, and defensive capabilities) to explain this predatory difference. A series of field trapping experiments and laboratory behavioral experiments to verify predation signal is the major influence on the differential predation strategy of O. transversa on the three termites. It was demonstrated that ants have a preference for the trail pheromones of termites, which leads to ants making different predatory strategies towards termites.
Sensitivity Enhancement in D-shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors: Gold versus Silver Plasmonic Layers
Authors: Pakarzadeh Hassan , Sharif Vahid , Rahmanfar Zahra , Hajivandi Jamileh
Published: June 2024

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have attracted great attention in recent years for various applications such as medical diagnosis and bio-chemical materials. Among SPR sensors, D-shaped structures based on photonics crystal fibers (PCFs) have shown very high performance and are easy to use. In this paper, a simple design of SPR sensors based on the D-shaped PCFs with the most optimized geometrical parameters is proposed. Gold and silver are considered as plasmonic layers on the surface of the D-shaped PCF sensor. By performing multiple simulations using the finite-difference eigenmode (FDE) method, various values ​​of gold and silver thicknesses are investigated to achieve the highest sensitivity. The results indicate that the highest sensitivity of 25600 nm/RIU occurs for a gold thickness of 44 nm and an analyte with a refractive index (RI) of 1.41. Meanwhile, for an analyte RI range of 1.29 to 1.40, silver demonstrates greater sensitivity than gold in the same range.
Is there correlation between peak backward running velocity and performance variables in physically active men?
Authors: Kauffman-Tacada Alessandra Precinda , Peserico Cecília Segabinazi , Araujo Gabriel Henrique Ornaghi , Machado Fabiana Andrade
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to verify the correlations between peak backward running velocity (Vpeak_BR) and peak forward running velocity (Vpeak_FR), 5-km running performance, the agility T-test, 20-m sprint, and countermovement jump (CMJ) in physically active men. Fifty-four physically active men (age: 27.7 ± 4.8 years) performed the following tests: Vpeak_FR, Vpeak_BR, 5-km running performance, agility T-test, and 20-m sprint on the athletics track, and the CMJ test in the laboratory. Tests were performed at the same time of day with 48-hour intervals. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Student's t test for dependent samples was used to compare variables. The correlation between the Vpeak_BR and the other variables was performed using the Pearson correlation test (r), according to the following classification: 0.0 to 0.1 very low; 0.1 to 0.3 low; 0.3 to 0.5 moderate; 0.5 to 0.7 high; 0.7 to 0.9 very high; and 0.9 to 1.0 almost perfect. The significance level adopted was P < 0.05. There was a high correlation between the Vpeak_BR and Vpeak_FR (7.7 ± 0.1 km·h− 1; 13.0 ± 0.2 km·h− 1, respectively; r = 0.58); the Vpeak_BR showed a moderate and negative correlation with 5-km running performance time (t-5km) (27.4 ± 0.5 min; r = -0.46). The Vpeak_BR presented low or very low correlations with the other variables. We concluded that there is a correlation between Vpeak_BR and performance variables in physically active men, however this correlation is more expressive with the variables Vpeak_FR and 5-km running performance.
Differences in hand-eye coordination: a comparative analysis between eSports and non-eSports populations
Authors: Wenkai Gao , Fengxin Li , Xuedong Wang
Published: June 2024

E-sports necessitate maintaining high-speed reactions as well as precise and frequent hand-eye coordination during competitions. This study employs literature review, experimental methods, and statistical analysis to compare the hand-eye coordination abilities of e-sports participants with non-e-sports participants. Additionally, it investigates the correlation between hand-eye coordination and the duration of gaming. The study encompasses a total of 90 subjects, categorized into three groups based on their weekly gaming hours. The first group comprises e-sports participants who engage in gaming for 14 hours or more per week, while the second group consists of those who game for less than 14 hours per week. The third group includes non-e-sports participants. The findings of the study are as follows:1.E-sports participants exhibit significantly superior visual reaction times and hand-eye coordination abilities compared to non-e-sports participants.2.Among e-sports participants, those who game for more than 14 hours per week demonstrate better visual reaction times, hand-eye coordination, and short-term decision-making capabilities.3.Within the e-sports cohort, FPS (First-Person Shooter) players outperform MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) players in visual reaction times and hand-eye coordination. Conversely, MOBA players excel in short-term decision-making compared to FPS players.
Preparation of Land Use Land Cover (Lulc) for Panchganga River Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Mane Ratan , Patil Mangal , Wandre Sarika , Dalavi Pradip
Published: June 2024

The lower Panchganga River Basin, located in the center of Kolhapur District, is a crucial ecological and socio-economic area known for its diverse landscapes and dynamic land use patterns. A recent study was conducted to analyze the distribution of land use and land cover (LULC) in the basin, covering the years 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. The study employed remote sensing and GIS techniques to cover an area of 811.54 sq. km. In this study, land use and land cover maps were created for the years 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021 by classifying satellite images using supervised classification in QGIS. The accuracy of the classification was assessed using the error matrix approach, and the Kappa coefficient was calculated. The overall accuracy of the satellite image classification was found to be satisfactory, with Kappa coefficient values of 0.78, 0.79, 0.71 and 0.82 for the years 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021, respectively.
In that, agricultural land, water bodies, barren land and forest found decreasing from 78.8% to 76.5%, 2.3% to 1.4%, 4.9% to 3.9% and 6.2% to 4.0% of the total area, respectively. However, only area under urban settlements found increasing from 7.8% to 14.6% of the total area over the period of 30 years (1991-2021). Overall, it can be said that, over the period of 30 years, basin area under gone drastic change in LULC and continues, but through all these years agricultural land remained dominant as it is the main source of economy in the study area. Comprehending these changes are essential for well informed decision making, sustainable resource administration and efficient environmental planning in Panchganga River Basin. It is essential to focus on study on LULC change detection in the lower Panchganga River basin, which is one of the most important river basins in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra state.
Medical student attitudes toward mental illness: a cross-sectional study from the Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: Aldabbour Belal , Abu-El-Noor Nasser , Elhissi Ahmed , Wafi Jamil , Asad Mohammad Dabour , Aldabbour Osama , Abuabada Amal , Diab Abedelrahman Rizq , Abu-El-Noor Mysoon Khalil
Published: June 2024

Background
Mental illness is highly stigmatized compared to physical illness, often due to false beliefs and a lack of knowledge. Negative attitudes harbored by healthcare providers reflect on the care they provide and impact their patients’ outcomes and may tailor their future preferences away from the psychiatric practice. This cross-sectional study used a stratified, randomized sampling to survey the beliefs and attitudes of students at a Palestinian medical school toward mental illness using the Beliefs Toward Mental Illness (BMI) scale.
Results
Overall, 79.1% of 282 participants demonstrated overall positive attitudes toward mentally ill patients (BMI score <43). The highest mean score (more negative attitude) was received by the ‘dangerousness’ domain (2.75 ± 0.75), while the ‘poor social and interpersonal skills’ domain received the lowest mean score (2.47 ± 0.82). Male sex (p=0.031) and having a friend (p=0.035) or a family member (p=0.033) suffering from a mental illness predicted a more positive attitude toward mental illness, while age, study level, and having undergone the clinical psychiatry rotation did not impact attitude significantly.
Conclusions
The study shows that medical students in the Gaza Strip are not absolved from the negative stereotypes of their community toward mentally ill patients, which should be addressed systematically by health educators and medical schools in the country.
La responsabilité pénale des personnalités politiques pour les commentaires haineux publiés sur le mur de leur compte Facebook - un regard vers Lausanne et Strasbourg
Authors: Hertig Randall Maya
Published: June 2024

Tant le Tribunal fédéral que la Grande Chambre de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme ont été appelés à se prononcer sur la responsabilité pénale d'un homme politique pour les commentaires haineux publiés sur le mur de son compte Facebook. La présente contribution analyse les deux arrêts, rendus en 2022 et 2023, en identifiant les convergences et divergences : les deux juridictions admettent qu'une personnalité politique puisse être tenue pour responsable sur le plan pénal si elle a connaissance du contenu haineux et ne procède pas à son retrait. En revanche, le raisonnement du Tribunal fédéral se montre plus préoccupé par le respect de la liberté d'expression, alors que la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme attache davantage d'importance à la lutte contre la prolifération des propos haineux sur la toile.
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Das Bundesgericht und der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte (Grosse Kammer) fällten beide ein Urteil zur strafrechtlichen Verantwortung eines Politikers für Hasskommentare auf der Pinnwand seines Facebook-Accounts. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die beiden Urteile aus den Jahren 2022 und 2023 und identifiziert sowohl Konvergenzen und Divergenzen: Beide Gerichte kommen zum Schluss, dass Politiker*innen für Hassrede Dritter strafrechtlich zur Verantwortung gezogen werden können, wenn sie von den strittigen Kommentaren Kenntnis haben und diese nicht löschen. Die Argumentation des Bundesgerichts ist hingegen stärker auf die Wahrung der Meinungsfreiheit ausgerichtet, während der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte der Bekämpfung von Hassrede im Netz ein stärkeres Gewicht beimisst.
Detection of Psychoactive N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Alkaloid Based on Surface‑Enhanced Raman Scattering Using Gold Nanostars in Flexible Inkjet‑Printing Paper Substrates
Authors: Huertas-Montoya Edison , de Barros Anerise , Oliveira Lucas , Caro Aponte Paola , Oliveira Alexandre , Shimizu Flavio , Sussulini Alessandra , Sigoli Fernando , Mazali Italo
Published: June 2024

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that, when combined with monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitors in the hallucinogenic beverage commonly known as ayahuasca, surpasses most common orally administered psychoactive drugs. There is a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of DMT due to recent clinical data showing the improvement of cognitive deficits associated with depression and Alzheimer’s disease. The development of analytical methodology for the monitoring of concentrations of DMT molecules to control the appropriate dosage for their use is essential for the treatment of patients. For this, we propose a novel flexible inkjet-printed paper substrate based on Au nanostars as proof of concept for DMT detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The substrate was applied to detect DMT in water as a first approach to more complex matrices like ayahuasca beverages or blood samples. The optimization and performance of SERS substrates with different print cycles indicate that one print is enough to achieve the great performance of the flexible paper substrates. The SERS analyses for DMT in different concentrations, 10-3 to 10-10 mol L-1, reveal a high sensitivity of the sensors with a silhouette coefficient of 0.84 obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) statistical projections.
THE LOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PATHS OF PHENOMENOLOGY. ADALBERTO GARCÍA DE MENDOZA’S AND FRANCISCO LARROYO’S FORAYS
Authors:   International Laboratory for Logics, Linguistics, and Formal Philosophy, HSE University, MÉNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ JORGE LUIS
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the relationship between logic and phenomenology at a historical moment that precedes the big divide between analytic philosophy and phenomenology. In analysing alternative derivations of phenomenological logic, the discussion focuses on the case of two notorious neo-Kantian Mexican philosophers from the first half of the XXth century: Adalberto García de Mendoza and Francisco Larroyo. It is argued that both García de Mendoza and Larroyo made an original contribution to the discussion on the relationship between phenomenology and logic. Further, this paper attempts to present a charitable portrait of both García de Mendoza and Larroyo in contrast to underrating approaches to both Mexican philosophers. In so doing, this paper adopts a historical—thought not strictly biographical— perspective. While it is true that neither García de Mendoza nor Larroyo could be considered “phenomenologists” or “Husserl scholars” according to contemporary standards it is worth noticing that they engage in the discussion of phenomenological logic. Both authors had the project of developing a grounding logic for science and, as the article argues, both attempts could be even linked. Their project, however, was unfinished. The plan of this paper is as follows. The first section addresses the problem of the relationship between logic and phenomenology. The second one focuses on García de Mendoza’s contributions. The third one elaborates on Larroyo’s Logic of Sciences. And, finally, the fourth section elaborates on these Mexican philosophers’ contributions to education, making as well further observations concerning the similarities and differences between both authors.
Assessing the prevalence of FRNA bacteriophages and their correlation with SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the wastewater of Mumbai city
Authors: Desai Dipen , Desai Nishith , Wani Hima , Menon Smita , Bhathena Zarine , Rose Joan B. , Shrivastava Sandhya
Published: June 2024

Bacteriophages have been explored as indicators of the presence of human viruses in water. F+ coliphages are of particular interest due to their abundance in wastewater and some groups surviving the treatment process. This study assessed the prevalence of F+ coliphages and FRNA bacteriophage (FRNAPH) groups in the wastewaters of Mumbai city and explored its correlation with the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Wastewater samples (raw = 63, treated = 99) collected from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were assessed for F+ coliphages, FRNAPH groups and SARS-CoV-2. Of the 63 raw wastewater samples, 92% were positive for F+ coliphages and FRNAPH, while SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 76% of samples; FRNAPH GI RNA was the most prevalent (96.82%) followed by FRNAPH GII (77.77%), FRNAPH GIII (36.50%), and FRNAPH GIV (4.76%). A significant correlation was observed between the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 and F+ coliphages, FRNAPH GII and FRNAPH GIII RNA copies and also between F+ coliphages and FRNAPH GII and GIII. These observations suggest that F+ coliphages, FRNAPH GII and GIII can be explored further as indicators of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters. Also, F+ coliphage detection may be a cost-effective and practical approach for monitoring virus elimination during wastewater treatment.
Review article on Gridhrasi w.s.r. to Sciatica
Authors: Kirti Garasiya  , Namo Narayana Meena
Published: June 2024

In India, low back pain is among the most prevalent new illnesses that are influencing people's daily lives on both a physical and psychological level. Low back ache is the second most common disorder causing disability. Among its various causes the most commonly appearing one is Sciatica. Gridhrasi is such an entity enumerated into eighty types of Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhies. It is distinguished by a unique discomfort that starts in the buttock and moves into the affected area's heel. Based on symptom complex it can be broadly correlated with disease sciatica in modern science. Ayurveda is a simple practical science of life, and its principles are universally applicable to everyone for day-to-day life. Ayurveda speaks of every element and fact of human life. Every human being wants to live a happy and comfortable life, but this is not achievable for a variety of reasons, including shifting environmental conditions and lifestyle changes. As their social and professional lives become busier, people are sitting in offices and factories incorrectly, exerting themselves excessively, and moving erratically when travelling or playing sports. All these things put excessive strain on the spinal cord, which is the main cause of sciatica and low back pain.
Concept of Pittadharakala Sa Eva Majjadharakala - A Review
Authors: Thakare Nilkanth
Published: June 2024

Sushruta has explained seven Kala, Pittdhara Kala is the seventh Kala which is Sthana of Agni and it is the part which is in between the Amashaya and Pakvashaya called as Grahani.[2] According to modern science it comprises of pyloric part of stomach and small intestine that means Pittadhara Kala can be co-related with mucus membrane of stomach, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Majjakshaya symptoms are Asthisaushirya, Bhrama, Timirdarshana.[10] Asthisaushirya can be co-related with osteoporosis. Enterochromaffin cells are present in gut that produce serotonin in gut and then release it in blood. It reaches to the bone and binds with Htr1b receptor at the surface of osteoblast and decreases bone formation. So the study of this concept of Pittadhara Kala Sa Ev Majjadhara Kala will be more beneficial for treating the patients of osteoporosis.