bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Prototipe Alat Pengukur Medan Magnet Menggunakan Sensor Magnetik 49E
Authors: Nur Rechan Zahrotun , Aminah Nina Siti , Aimon Akfiny Hasdi
Published: September 2024

Medan magnet merupakan salah satu fenomena fisika yang menarik dan banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Banyak perkembangan teknologi saat ini yang merupakan aplikasi dari konsep medan magnet tersebut, seperti barang elektronik, motor listrik, kereta cepat dan lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengembangan prototipe pengukuran medan magnet dengan bantuan sistem instrumentasi fisika. Prototipe ini, diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai media eksperimen pengukuran medan magnet untuk pelajaran fisika di sekolah-sekolah. Pembuatan alat pengukuran medan magnet dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan bantuan sistem intrumentasi Fisika. Sehingga alat tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai media eksperimen pengukuran besar medan magnet pada magnet permanen dan kawat yang dialiri arus listrik. Prototipe alat dibuat dengan menggunakan sensor magnetik 49E. Prototipe ini diharapkan dapat menggantikan Gaussmeter dan/atau Teslameter yang harganya relatif mahal. Prototipe alat ukur medan magnet dikalibrasi dengan cara membandingkan besar kuat medan magnet yang terukur oleh sensor 49E dengan Gaussmeter Lutron GU-3001. Pengukuran dilakukan pada pusat objek dan sejajar dengan posisi alat ukur. Hasil pengukuran menunjukan rerata kuat medan magnet pada Gaussmeter dan sensor 49E adalah 246.7 Î¼T dan 487.3 Î¼T untuk magnet permanen dan 51.2 Î¼T dan 96.9 Î¼T untuk kawat melingkar.
Analisis Korelasi Usia, Massa Tubuh, mAs, dan Dosis Efektif Terhadap CTDIvol dan DLP pada Pemeriksaan CT-Scan Pasien Dewasa
Authors: Dewanti Wafi Muthia , Milvita Dian , Fardela Ramacos , Pratama Ida Bagus Gede Putra , Herlinda Sri
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis korelasi usia, massa tubuh, mAs, dan dosis efektif terhadap Computed Tomography Dose Index Volume (CTDIvol) dan Dose Length Product (DLP) pada Pemeriksaan CT-Scan di Instalasi Radiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencatat data pasien dewasa di atas 15Â  tahun dengan massa tubuh standar (60 Â± 10) kg pada pemeriksaan CT-Scan bagian head, chest, dan abdomen media non-kontras dengan total pasien 586 selama 3 bulan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi pearson pada software Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis efektif memiliki korelasi yang sangat tinggi terhadap DLP dan mAs memiliki korelasi yang sangat tinggi terhadap CTDIvol dan DLP. Massa tubuh memiliki korelasi yang relatif tinggi terhadap CTDIvol dan DLP, kecuali pada pemeriksaan bagian head. Usia memiliki korelasi yang relatif cukup terhadap CTDIvol dan DLP. Nilai CTDIvol dan DLP dapat juga dipengaruhi oleh Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang memiliki keahlian dan pengalaman yang berbeda pada instansi kesehatan dalam memilih teknik pemindaian dan pemberian faktor eksposi yang tepat sesuai prosedur pemeriksaan.
Pengaruh Filter Lowpass Terhadap Kualitas Citra CT-Scan Paru-Paru
Authors: Ulga Sofhia , Muttaqin Afdhal , Fitriyani Dian
Published: September 2024

Filter lowpass dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki kualitas citra CT-Scan paru-paru dengan menghaluskan transisi yang tajam, serta dapat mengurangi noise yang ada pada citra CT-Scan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperbaiki kualitas citra CT-Scan paru-paru dengan menerapkan filter lowpass dengan bobot kernel yang di terapkan yaitu 1/6, 1/9, 1/10, dan 1/16. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan 102 citra. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pemberian filter lowpass dengan bobot kernel yang berbeda menghasilkan kualitas citra yang berbeda. Berdasarkan uji kualitas MSE dan PSNR diperoleh bobot kernel 1/6 menghasilkan citra dengan kualitas yang sangat baik sebanyak 17,65%, dengan kualitas baik sebanyak 28,93%, dan 53,92% dengan kualitas kurang baik. Pada bobot kernel 1/9 didapatkanÂ  sebanyak 36% citra dengan kualitas baik dan 64% dengan kualitas kurang baik. Penerapan filter lowpass dengan bobot kernel 1/10 didapatkan bahwa sebanyak 39% citra kualitas baik dan 61% citra dalam kualitas kurang baik. Pada bobot kernel 1/16 diperoleh sebanyak 2% citra dengan kualitas sangat baik, 40% citra dengan kualitas baik, dan 58% citra dengan kualitas kurang baik. Berdasarkan nilai uji MSE dan PSNR didapatkan bahwa penerapan bobot kernel 1/6 menghasilkan kualitas citra lebih baik dari pada penerapan bobot kernel lain.
Studi Pengaruh Ketebalan Elektroda Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Buah Kakao terhadap Kinerja Elektrokimia Superkapasitor
Authors: Dunnas Irsya , Nasution Widi Mulia , Muldarisnur Mulda , Yetri Yuli
Published: September 2024

Sintesis karbon aktif dari kulit kakao dengan variasi ketebalan elektroda 0,4; 0,5; dan 0,6 mm bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja superkapasitor. Tebal elektroda yang berbeda diberi kode sampel yaitu tebal 0,4 mm dengan kode CC-0,4; tebal 0,5 dengan kode CC-0,5 mm dan tebal 0,6 mm dengan kode CC-0,6. Pembuatan elektroda karbon dari kulit kakao dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yaitu pengeringan organik, prakarbonasi, aktivasi kimia menggunakan aktivator KOH 0,4 M dan pencetakan pelet menggunakan press hidrolik dengan tekanan 8 ton. Pelet yang telah dicetak dikarbonasi menggunakan gas N2 pada suhu 600 â°C dan aktivasi fisika menggunakan gas CO2 pada suhu 700 °C. Sifat elektrokimia dari sel superkapasitor ditinjau melalui sistem dua elektroda dalam elektrolit 1 M KOH. elektroda karbon aktif optimum yang diperoleh pada sampel CC-0,5 dengan kapasitansi spesifik yang tinggiÂ  mencapai 366,67 F/g pada rapat arus 1,0 A/g. Rapat energi maksimum yang didapatkan sebesar 660 Wh/Kg pada rapat daya optimum 2378,39 W/Kg. Potensi kulit kakao sebagai sumber karbon aktif dengan ketebalan 0,5 mm menunjukan kinerja perangkat penyimpanan energi elektrokimia superkapasitor yang tinggi dan stabil dengan ketahanan bahan yang baik.
Analisis Korelasi Umur, Massa Tubuh dan Faktor Eksposi Terhadap Entrance Surface Air Kerma pada Pemeriksaan Thorax di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas
Authors: Sari Suci Indah , Milvita Dian , Fardela Ramacos , Pratama Ida Bagus Gede Putra , S Amel Oktavia
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis korelasi umur, massa tubuh dan faktor eksposi terhadap Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencatat data pasien pemeriksaan thorax dewasa umur di atas 15 tahun dan massa tubuh standar (60 Â± 10) kg pada proyeksi Posterior-Anterior (PA) dan proyeksi Anterior-Posterior (AP) selama Â±5 bulan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi pearson pada Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan massa tubuh dan faktor eksposi memiliki korelasi yang sangat tinggi terhadap ESAK, sedangkan umur memiliki korelasi yang cukup terhadap ESAK. Nilai ESAK yang diterima pasien dapat juga dipengaruhi oleh keahlian sumber daya manusia pada instansi kesehatan khususnya radiografer dalam memilih teknik atau faktor eksposi yang digunakan dalam prosedur radiologi.Â
Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Elektrolit H2SO4, KOH, dan Na2SO4 terhadap Kinerja Elektrokimia Superkapasitor berbasis Biomassa Kulit Kakao
Authors: Rajagukguk Exaudi Pratama , Nasution Widi Mulia , Muldarisnur Mulda , Yetri Yuli
Published: September 2024

Utilization of cocoa pod waste (Theobroma cacao) as a supercapacitor carbon electrode through electrolyte optimisation was successfully conducted with 0.5M KOH chemical activator. Carbon production starts with slicing cocoa pods, sun drying, pre-carbonisation, crushing of carbon particles with mortar and ball milling, and particle size uniformity using a sieve. The obtained particle powder was chemically activated with 0.5M KOH, coin-molded into of carbon monolith and finished with integrated pyrolysis. Samples were subjected to one-stage integrated pyrolysis by carbonisation from room temperature to 600˚ C in an N2 gas environment, followed by physical activation to 700˚ C in a CO2 gas environment. Testing the electrochemical properties of carbon electrodes based on different types of electrolytes (H2SO4, KOH, and Na2SO4) IM using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) methods. The sample provided with H2SO4 electrolyte was confirmed to have the highest specific capacitance of 412.94 F/g at a current of 1 A/g. Based on the results of this study, it is confirmed that cocoa pods have the potential to be a source of electrode base material with H2SO4 electrolyte solution as a source of charge carrier in supercapacitor cell devices.
Perbandingan Teknik 3DCRT dan IMRT pada Pasien Kanker Glioblastoma Berdasarkan Treatment Planning System
Authors: Riani Intan Pratiwi , Papesta Winny Rahmadani , Shafira Hanifa , Adrial Rico , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian membandingkan teknik Three Dimension Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT) dan teknik Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) pada pasien kanker Glioblastoma (GBM) berdasarkan Treatment Planning System (TPS). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan teknik yang lebih efektif untuk pasien kanker GBM berdasarkan nilai Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index (HI), dosis maksimum dan Normal Tissue Integral Dose (NTID) jaringan sehat diluar target berdasarkan kurva Dose Volume Histogram (DVH). Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 data pasien kanker GBM dengan berkas foton 6 MV dan total dosis yang diberikan yaitu 60 Gy. Data yang digunakan adalah Volume kanker pada 95% dosis radiasi diberikan, Volume total pada Planning target Volume PTV, Dosis radiasi pada saat 2%, 50%, 98%, Mean dose dan Volume Organ At Risk (OAR). Analisis data dilakukan pada hasil kurva DVH yang didapatkan pada TPS. Pada hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai CI pada teknik 3DCRT 0,87-1 dan untuk teknik IMRT 0,92-0,98 : Nilai HI untuk teknik 3DCRT 0,02-0,07 dan untuk teknik IMRT 0,01-0,05 : Nilai dosis maksimum untuk 3DCRT 62,83-65,37 Gy dan untuk teknik IMRT 60,37 Gy-65,13 Gy. Nilai NTID yang didapatkan pada kedua teknik tidak melebihi batasan dosis yang ditetapkan dan sesuai dengan RTOG 0825 dan 0615.
Peningkatan Kualitas Citra Radiograf Panoramik Menggunakan Metode Filter Laplacian
Authors: Haq Haritsul , Oktamuliani Sri , Putri Wulandani Liza , Gunawan Gunawan , Adnan Surma
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan peningkatan kualitas citra radiograf panoramik menggunakan metode filter Laplacian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas citra radiograf panoramik (Acteon X-Mind Prime 3D) di Instalasi Radiologi RSGM Universitas Andalas. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 46 citra panoramik berformat .BMP yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan filter Laplacian dan menilai kualitas citra melalui Structural Similarity Index (SSI), Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR), Contrast Improvement Ratio (CIR), dan Spatial Frequency (SF). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai SSI sebesar 0,636 Â± 0,0732, CNR 5,36 Â± 0,412, CIR 0,740 Â± 0,124, SF 0,605 Â± 0,0983. Hasil ini berarti CNR menunjukkan kontras citra yang baik, SSI menunjukkan ketidaksamaan antara citra asli dan citra setelah diproses filter Laplacian, CIR menunjukkan peningkatan kontras yang baik, sementara nilai SF sebesar 0,749 mengindikasikan kemampuan citra untuk menampilkan detail struktur yang masih kurang. Berdasarkan uji skewness dan shapiro-Wilk mengindikasikan bahwa SSI dan SF terdistribusi abnormal sedangkan CIR dan CNR terdistribusi normal. Analisis T-Test dilakukan terhadap data metriks CIR dan CNR yang menunjukkan signifikansi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode filter Laplacian secara signifikan p < 0,001. Dengan demikian, penggunaan metode filter Laplacian secara signifikan meningkatkan kualitas citra radiograf panoramik.
Verifikasi Dosis Radiasi Permukaan pada Kasus Kanker Payudara Menggunakan Metode Dosimetri In Vivo
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Adrial Rico , Ulya Syarifatul , Diyona Fiqi
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan verifikasi dosis permukaan metode dosimetri in vivo pada kasus kanker payudara menggunakan TLD-100 di instalasi Onkologi Radiasi Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dosis permukaan pasien kanker payudara menggunakan TLD-100 pada fantom homogen (slab phantom). Penelitian diawali dengan annealing TLD-100 di Pusat Riset Teknologi Keselamatan Metrologi dan Mutu Nuklir Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional (PRTKMMR-BRIN). Penelitian diawali dengan scan TLD-100 pada permukaan slab fantom menggunakan CT-Simulator, selanjutnya pengukuran dosis radiasi permukaan dengan variasi dosis radiasi. Perhitungan dosis radiasi permukaan pada TPS dilakukan melalui verifikasi Patient Spesific Quality Assurance (PSQA) dengan konversi dosis teknik 3D-CRT pasien kanker payudara menggunakan slab phantom. Verifikasi dosis radiasi permukaan dilakukan dengan menghitung diskrepansi dosis radiasi yang dihitung oleh TPS dengan dosis yang diukur oleh TLD-100. Hasil pengukuran dosis radiasi permukaan yang diterima oleh pasien kanker payudara minimal pada dosis 115,07 cGy hingga 130,81 cGy. Diskrepansi dosis radiasi berkisar antara 0,21% sampai 8,13% dengan demikian dosis radiasi yang diterima oleh pasien berada dalam batas toleransi yang ditetapkan oleh AAPM TG No. 219 sebesar 20%.
Analisis Deformasi di Lampung dan Selat Sunda Berdasarkan Data GNSS tahun 2018 hingga 2021
Authors: Anggara Ongky , Rahadianto Muhammad Ario Eko , Alif Satrio Muhammad , Isnaini Een  Lujainatul
Published: September 2024

The Lampung Province and Sunda Strait have a seismic gap zone with the potential for major earthquakes in the future. This study analyzes the deformation occurring in this region using continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station data from Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station (InaCORS) and Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr) from 2018 to 2021.5. The GNSS data was processed using the Bernese 5.2 scientific software, applying least squares for velocity changes and statistical tests to analyze significance. The data processing was carried out in two schemes: the first scheme covering 2018-2020, and the second covering 2019-2021. The results of the deformation analysis from 2018 to 2021, using two continuous GNSS data processing schemes, showed velocity changes relative to the Sundaland Plate ranging from ~2 mm/year to ~20 mm/year. In the eastern region of the Sumatra fault, the velocity changes were smaller, around ~5 mm/year, due to the minimal influence of tectonic activity. However, in the Sunda Strait region, the deformation was influenced by volcanic activity. The deformation occurring in Lampung Province and the Sunda Strait, based on GNSS velocity changes, significantly contributes to tectonic and volcanic activities.
Identifikasi Bidang Gelincir Zona Rawan Longsor di Kawasan Wisata Puncak Taruko Kabupaten Agam Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas
Authors: Fauzana Husnatul , Namigo Elistia Liza
Published: September 2024

A research has been conducted to identify the surface of rupture plane in Puncak Taruko area, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province using 2-dimensional resistivity geoelectric method of Wenner-Schlumberger Configuration. Data collection was carried out on three tracks with track lengths of 80, 100 and 100 m and 5 m electrode spacing. The research area is a plateau with a slope of up to 40º which is directly adjacent to the very steep cliffs of Sianok Canyon with a cliff height of 30-100m. Data processing was carried out using Res2dinv software to display a 2-dimensional image of the subsurface layer structure based on the resistivity values measured in the field. In the cross section of the mapping results in the three tracks, 4 rock layers were identified, namely clay, sand, tuff and granite. The interpretation results show that the sliding plane on each track is tuff. For Track 1 with a depth of 3,75-15,9m, for track 2 it is 5,15-19,8 m and a depth of 6,38-19,8 m for track 3. Based on the interpretation of 2D image results, the area of track 1 and 2 has a translational avalanche type and the area of track 3 has a rotational avalanche type. Based on the depth and thickness of the slide field, the greatest risk of landslide is on track 3.
Perbandingan Koreksi Medan (Terrain Correction) Konvensional dan Modern pada Metode Gravitasi Menggunakan Data DEM ERTM2160 dan SRTM2gravity pada Wilayah Cianjur
Authors: Awaliyah Afikatul , Pohan Ahmad Fauzi
Published: September 2024

A study has been conducted to compare the distribution of anomaly values obtained through conventional and modern terrain correction to identify the subsurface structure of the Cianjur region, especially around the location of the Cugenang Fault. The data used are gravity disturbance data equivalent to Free Air Anomaly (FAA) from GGMplus, ERTM2160 DEM data as topographic data, and modern terrain correction data from SRTM2gravity. Data is processed using Microsoft Excel, Oasis Montaj, and Surfer software. Based on the results of the CBA contour map obtained, the application of SRTM2gravity data as a modern terrain correction provides better results so that subsurface structure modeling will provide more accurate results. The CBA contour map produced from modern terrain correction provides clearer topographic results than conventional terrain correction using ERTM2160 DEM topographic data. Furthermore, using SRTM2gravity modern terrain correction data provides clearer rock density contrast results along the active path of the Cugenang Fault.
Studi Bahaya Seismik dengan Metode PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis) di Nusa Tenggara Barat Menggunakan Data Gempa Tahun 1900 - 2023
Authors: Ananda Nadya Rezky , Pujiastuti Dwi
Published: September 2024

Research has been conducted on earthquake hazard in West Nusa Tenggara using the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) method. Earthquake data from 1900 2023 were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) catalog. PSHA uses earthquake parameters that produce maximum ground acceleration (PGA). The PGA value is calculated using an attenuation function based on the earthquake source. The results of the analysis show that for West Nusa Tenggara, the maximum PGA is 0,65 g with a 10% return event probability in 50 years and 0,71 g with a 2% return event probability in 50 years. Areas with high earthquake risk with 2% and 10% return event probability in 50 years are Sumbawa with PGA ranges of 0,26-0,68 g and 0,18 0,26 g and Lombok with PGA ranges of 0,26-0,47 g and 0,26-0,42 g, respectively. Areas with the lowest to moderate earthquake risk with a probability of re-occurrence of 2% and 10% in 50 years are Bima with a PGA of 0,37 g and 0,26 g, Badjo with a PGA range of 0,37-0,47 g and 0,26 g, and Kore with a PGA range of 0,26-0,37 g and 0,18-0,26 g, respectively. Based on the PGA values obtained, Sumbawa is an area that has the greatest level of earthquake risk due to its location close to the subduction zone.
KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI KULIT KAKAO DAN SERAT PINANG DENGAN VARIASI POLYMERIC METHYLENE DIPHENYL DIISOCYANATE
Authors: Putri Yanandra Amelia , Mahyudin Alimin
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan papan partikel dari partikel kulit kakao dan serat pinang yang bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh persentase polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) terhadap sifat fisis serta sifat mekanis papan partikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penggilingan ball mill, untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang lolos ayakan 80 mesh. Sifat fisis yang diuji yaitu kerapatan dan kadar air, sedangkan sifat mekanis yang diuji yaitu kuat lentur dan kuat tekan menggunakan Universal Testing Mechine (UTM). Variasi perekat PMDI yang digunakan yaitu 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10%. Hasil sifat fisis didapatkan adalah nilai kerapatan berkisar 0,97 g/cm3-1,13 g/cm3 dan nilai kadar air berkisar 7,3%-9,11%. Hasil uji sifat mekanis didapatkan adalah nilai kuat tekan berkisar 216,63 kg/cm2-285,02 kg/cm2 dan nilai kuat lentur berkisar 1713,97 kg/cm2-2235,23 kg/cm2. Didapatkan papan partikel terbaik adalah papan partikel dengan kadar perekat 8%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kerapatan dan kuat lentur yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi SNI 03-2105-2006. Sedangkan pada pengujian nilai kadar air dan kuat tekan telah memenuhi SNI 03-2105-2006. Berdasarkan nilai kerapatan papan partikel maka papan partikel yang dihasilkan termasuk jenis high density particle board.
Analisis Sensitivitas Sensor GY-ML8511 dalam Deteksi Formalin
Authors: Ramadhan M. Farhan , Yusfi Meqorry , Harmadi Harmadi
Published: September 2024

Food safety is a crucial aspect in meeting people's nutritional needs. Formalin, a dangerous preservative, is often used illegally to extend the shelf life of foodstuffs, posing serious risks to consumer health. This research develops a portable technology for rapid detection of formaldehyde in foodstuffs. The method utilizes the interaction between UV light and the concentration of formaldehyde in a sample treated with Schiff reagent, enabling the measurement of UV uptake proportional to formaldehyde concentration. The Schiff reagent reacts with formalin to produce a colored compound whose absorbance is measured to detect and quantify formalin in the sample. The designed optical system focuses on measuring the intensity of light from a UV LED source, which is then transmitted through the sample. The successfully transmitted light intensity is converted into an electrical signal by the GY-ML8511 sensor, which is then processed by the NodeMCU ESP8266 to display the concentration of formalin on the LCD screen. This research also analyzes the sensitivity and selectivity of the GY-ML8511 sensor to evaluate its performance and reliability in detecting formaldehyde, with the ultimate goal of improving food safety through innovative detection technologies, such as the use of biosensors and advanced spectroscopy. This technology contributes to existing solutions by enabling rapid and accurate detection at various stages of food production, thereby reducing the risk of contamination and improving compliance with food safety standards
SUSEPTIBILITAS MAGNETIK TANAH SEBAGAI INDIKATOR TANAH LONGSOR DI DAERAH MALAMPAH KABUPATEN PASAMAN
Authors: Fitriah Rahmatul , Afdal Afdal
Published: September 2024

Telah dilakukan pengukuran suseptibilitas magnetik tanah sebagai indikator longsor di daerah Malampah Kabupaten Pasaman menggunakan metode kemagnetan batuan. Sampel diambil dari dua daerah yang telah terjadi longsor dan dua daerah yang belum terjadi longsor. Sampel diambil pada bagian atas, tengah, dan bawah dengan variasi kedalaman 5 cm, 25 cm, dan 50 cm. Pengukuran nilai suseptibilitas magnetik tanah dilakukan menggunakan alat Bartington Susceptibility Meter MS2B. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai suseptibilitas magnetik pada frekuensi rendah (ê­“LF) disetiap titik pengambilan sampel memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada nilai suseptibilitas magnetik frekuensi tinggi (ê­“HF) Hal tersebut menandakan lokasi penelitian mengandung bulir superparamagnetik. Dari rentang nilai ê­“LF yang diperoleh diperkirakan bahwa mineral magnetik yang mengontrol sampel bersifat paramagnetik dan ferimagnetik dan jenis mineralnya ilminit (FeTiO3). Daerah yang telah terjadi longsor memilki nilai ê­“FD (%) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah yang belum terjadi longsor, semakin tinggi nilai ê­“FD (%) maka akan semakin bayak bulir superparamagnetik pada sampel. Bulir superparamagnetik bersifat halus dan mudah menyerap air, penambahan massa tanah akibatÂ  air menyebabkan tanah mudah bergerak saat berada pada lereng. Â Â Â Â Â
Carbon balance in Maize (Zea mays L.) with various combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers
Authors: Syamsiyah Jauhari , Herdiansyah Ganjar , Wijaya Lidya Zaela , Suntoro  , Hartati Sri
Published: September 2024

Fertilization in agricultural cultivation has an important role in the carbon cycle. This study aims to evaluate using organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers that can produce high carbon sequestration with low CO2 emission levels in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation. There were seven combinations of NPK and organic fertilizers, namely ¼ NPK + 1 OF (C), ½ NPK + 1 OF (D), ¾ NPK + 1 OF (E), 1 NPK + 1 OF (F), ¾ NPK + ¼ OF (G), ¾ NPK + ½ OF (H), ¾ NPK + ¾ OF (I), and two controls, namely no fertilizer (A) and standard NPK (350 kg/ha, SP36 150 kg/ha, KCl 75 kg/ha) (B). Organic fertilizer was applied one week before planting, SP-36 and KCl fertilizer at planting, and urea fertilizer at 0, 14, and 28 HST. Maize was planted with a spacing of 20 x 70 cm. Parameters observed included CO2 emissions, soil pH, C-Organic, C-microbial, and plant growth parameters. The combined use of NPK and organic fertilizer significantly increased soil carbon stocks (33.25-64.04 Mg/ha) and carbon sequestration by plants (3.76-5.98 Mg/ha). Therefore, using organic and inorganic fertilizer can be considered more environmentally friendly and effective in managing carbon balance on farmland and has great potential to contribute to climate change mitigation through increased soil and plant carbon sequestration.
A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis of Arabic Formulaic Expressions in Literary Texts with Reference to the Difficulties in Translating them into English
Authors: Mohammed Wafaa Dahham
Published: September 2024

Formulaic expressions are strings of words commonly co-occur in natural discourse, they are typically characterized by their high expressivity in holding out intents and their highlighted effects in verbalizing targets. Most formulaic expressions in Arabic have variance interpretations that deliberately assume the intents of the text or the context in which they are accompanied, this is because, they are utilized in combinations with other texts which put them into practice. This, however, constitutes a problem pertaining to their interpretations as the same language formula can be relatedly vitalized and verbalized in terms of the interchangeable accompanied texts which are stemmed in a context. This problem also arguably raises a debatable issue: what would happen in the interpretation when two opposite texts; namely formulaic text and non–formulaic text are met together successively in one textual framework/ setting? Another problem majorly encounters Arabic translators who are non–native to the English language as formulaic expressions are conventionalized sequences of words that belong to a specific language community; whereof achieving a formulaic knowledge via translation would be unattainable for those who belong to another discourse community. Therefore, this study is an attempt to: 1) identify the intent of the formulaic structure in relation to the accompanied text and the role of the formulaic structure in constructing both of the texts' significations. 2) outlining the role of pragma-societal factors in shaping the designation of the texts under the analysis .3) Explicating the challenges faced by Arabic translators in their renditions of formulaic expressions into English; how they deal with these socio-cultural words; and to what extent, they succeed in achieving socio-pragmatic equivalency in replicating these formulaic statuses into English. 4) proposing appropriate pragma-translational neutral procedures for neutralizing these formulas preserving  their formulaic statuses into English. Procedurally (6) texts from Arabic drama (قابل للقتل) are chosen to be the data of the study. Participants of this study are (4) Arabic translators who are non–natives to English live in the U.S.A. The study sums up that most of the Arabic formulaic expressions realized inaccurate renditions by socio-pragmatic breakdown, deviation, formulaic loss, nonsenses in English due to socio-pragmatic and cultural incompetency of the translators.
Domestication and Foreignization in Translating Polite Tweets
Authors: Mohammed Saeed Maryam Ahmed , Hasan Kanaan Khudher
Published: September 2024

Translation strategies, domestication and foreignization bridge the linguistic and cultural gaps. Domestication adapts foreign texts for target readers, often sacrificing cultural nuances, as seen in historical examples like Rome's assimilation of Greek texts. Foreignization preserves the original text's cultural distinctions.
On social media like Twitter, translators face unique challenges with its character limit and specific lexicon. They must decide between domesticating tweets for clarity or foreignizing them to retain cultural elements.
This paper explores domestication and foreignization in historical and modern contexts, highlighting their implications for cross-cultural communication and translation on digital platforms like Twitter.
Unlocking the Symbolic Tapestry: Exploring Symbolism in Ahmed Ardalan's The Gardener of Baghdad
Authors: Hussein Qusay Khalaf
Published: September 2024

Using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory, this study article explores the symbolic aspects of Ahmed Ardalan's 2014 novel, The Gardener of Baghdad. The research seeks to reveal the several layers of meaning inside the text by examining the book using the ideas of signifier and signified, as well as denotative and connotative meanings. This analysis demonstrates how Ardalan's use of symbols enriches the storyline, mirroring profound cultural, historical, and emotional settings. The results demonstrate the intricate interaction of symbols in the book, providing a more profound comprehension of its themes and emotional intensity. This study examines how carefully Ahmed Ardalan uses symbolism in The Gardener of Baghdad, paying particular attention to the garden, the red rose, and the glorious city of Baghdad. Ardalan explores deep issues of love, grief, and culture via these symbols, weaving a story with a wealth of nuance and complexity. The garden is a haven and a symbol of optimism because it demonstrates that love can flourish even in the face of adversity. The red rose symbolizes the beauty and fragility of love, as well as the unescapable suffering that comes with losing someone. The portrayal of Baghdad as a historically and culturally significant city embodies the people's tenacity and enduring spirit. This study reveals how these symbols are more than just literary devices—rather, they are crucial components that raise the novel's thematic depth. By unraveling this symbolic tapestry, the research provides a better understanding of Ardalan's reflection on the human condition, demonstrating the enduring significance of his writing.
Deconstructing Orientalist Representation of The East in Yasmina Khadra’s Sirens of Baghdad
Authors: Rasheed Lamiaa Ahmed , Hassoon Ahmad Khalid
Published: September 2024

Because of the blatant, direct persecution, and misrepresentation of all Iraqis, which comes from an Orientalist’s ignorant perception of the Orient (Iraqi), this study will be conducted to show the different misrepresentations of Arabs and Iraqis by the American tropes in a novel entitled The Sirens of Baghdad written by an Algerian novelist, Khadra Yasmina. The current study explores orientalists’ misrepresentation and the Western gaze towards the Middle East, especially the Iraqi character. Khadra portrays the complex life of Iraqis during the invasion of 2003, in the context of us versus them. Drawing on the critical framework of Orientalism theory by the theorist Edward Said, this paper examines how Sirens of Baghdad deconstructs Orientalist representations by giving voice to marginalized perspectives and resisting the erasure of local knowledge and agency. Khadra's narrative subverts simplistic depictions of “Islamic extremism”, highlighting the multifaceted social, political, and psychological factors that shape an individual's path towards violence and, ultimately, the possibility of redemption and nonviolent resistance. The study emphasizes the importance of embracing nonviolent resistance which represents a powerful alternative to the spiral of violence, gesturing towards the possibility of reconciliation and moral progress.
Captivating Verbatim Account of Historical Events in Ana Deaver Smith’s Fires in The Mirror
Authors: Abdullah Almaaroof Ansam Riyadh , Atew Shurouq Gheny
Published: September 2024

Fires in the Mirror is a play by Anna Deavere Smith that uses verbatim theatre to explore the 1991 Crown Heights riot in Brooklyn, New York. The play consists of a series of monologues in which she embodies the personas of various people involved in or impacted by the riot. Each monologue is a verbatim transcript of what the interviewee said during an interview with her. By performing these verbatim monologues, Smith authentically portrays the voices and emotions of the people she interviewed. It offers her a multi-faceted and profoundly human perspective on the Crown Heights riot. It highlights the underlying issues of racial and religious divisions while underscoring the importance of empathy and understanding in times of crisis. Fires in The Mirror as verbatim theatre shows how authentic storytelling can deeply connect us to real-life events. It reminds us that theatre can be a powerful tool for understanding others' experiences and raising awareness about important issues.
Intertextuality, Adaptation or Plagiarism: Al-Sayyab’s “Diwanu Shi’r” and Spenser’s “Amoretti I”
Authors: Al-Zubbdaidi Haitham Kamil Eidan
Published: September 2024

No matter what the impact of Spenser’s sonnet, “Amoretti I”, on Badr Shakir al-Sayyab’s poem “Diwanu Shi’r” [A Book of Verse] may be named, it is textually and thematically evident that the latter poem has derived much from the former. The affinities between the two poems transcend the simple allusion, metaphor or intertextuality to reasonably assume that al-Sayyab, who is well-versed in English poetry, has re-worked Spenser’s sonnet and dressed it in a classical Arabic form. The present study seeks to investigate al-Sayyab’s indebtedness to Spenser, the major English 16th century poet, and here lies the significance of the study as it explores an area in the poetic formation of al-Sayyab which has never been investigated before. For this end, it explores the similarities in themes, images and subject matter between the aforementioned poems, showing whether this indebtedness is a matter of intertextuality, influence, adaptation or plagiarism.
Exploring Directive Acts and Their Connection to FTA in Surat Yusuf: A Pragmatic Study
Authors: Hasan Saif Habeeb , Mahmood Ruqaya Issa , Ismael Elaf Fkran
Published: September 2024

This research employs Searle's (1969) Speech Acts Theory and Brown and Levinson's (1987) Politeness Theory as core frameworks to meticulously analyse the intricate interplay between directive acts and face-threatening-acts within Surat Yusuf from the Glorious Quran. The study describes the use of these techniques in communication between Prophet Yusuf (peace be upon him) and his father, brothers, Al Aziz, Al Aziz's wife, and the prisoners. Taking into account variables like social distance and relative power dynamics, the research sheds light on the complex language strategies employed. The questions of the research can be summarized as, is there a strong relation between directive acts and face-threatening acts? Do the context and social distance of the interlocutors effect this relation? The objectives of the study sheds lights on the different ways of expressing directives acts such as requests, questions, orders…etc. with relation to face-threatening acts. The data analysis provides thorough insights into the communication dynamics within religious narratives. The research at hand has inferences for a variety of contexts and disciplines, advancing both academic and applied understandings. Finally, the study is regarded as a qualitative one with no stylistic analysis. The main conclusions of this study show that directive acts have different forms depending on different factors. Directive acts may have a specific form but a different function.
Semantic Deviation in W. Wordsworth's Selected Poems
Authors: Hamadi Dhuha Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The study investigates and analyzes W. Wordsworth's four selected poems on the basis of G. Leech's taxonomy of semantic deviation (1969). The significance of the analysis is to disclose to what extent the poet uses such deviation in his literary texts and how semantic deviation serves the meaning of the poems. The analysis samples are 'The Daffodils', 'My Heart Leaps Up', 'The Solitary Reaper' and 'Composed upon Westminster Bridge', respectively. Leech's classification of semantic deviation (1969), as the model of the study, is utilized to analyze them. The procedures of the study ,that are utilized to conduct the current study analysis, starts with reading and investigating the semantic deviation in these selected poems. Then, the step of analysis is conducted in the light of the study model, Leech's classification of semantic deviation (1969). Finally, the findings of the data analysis are discussed and it is followed by the study conclusion. The results have revealed that semantic deviation is highly utilized in these selected poems so as to serve and diversify their meanings and to be more attractive on the part of the readers. Transference of meaning, a type of semantic deviation, is the most dominant type that is used in these poems in comparison with the others.
القرآن الكريم في الشعر العربي في كتاب الكامل في اللغة والأدب للمبرد (ت286ه)
Authors: الربيعي علياء باسم نجم , عليوي نجلاء عبد الحسين
Published: September 2024

الإسلام أهم حدث في تاريخ العرب ، إذ جاء بأفكار ومبادئ وقيم جديدة ، وأحدثت تغييراً جذرياً لكثير من معتقدات الجاهلية التي تناقض الدعوة الإسلامية السامية لإرساء أسس وقواعد الحياة الجديدة التي تقوم على الحق والعدل والمساواة ، وانتشرت مبادئ القرآن السامية وأحكامه في المجتمع لتنظيم علاقة الإنسان  بالله تعالى وعلاقات الناس فيما بينهم ، لترفع الإنسان والمجتمع  إلى آفاق رحبة من القيم الروحية والاجتماعية والإنسانية والعقلية  ، وكان القرآن الكريم يُدرّس في المساجد ، وقد انعكس هذا التطور بطبيعة الحال على الشعر والنثر.
Intonation Analysis of the Self/Other Representation in Bush’s Speech
Authors: Mahmoud Huda Abdul-Latif , Ali Hassan Shaban
Published: September 2024

Intonation is one of the most important suprasegmental features, which conveys communicative strategies in political language. It is essential in reflecting the implicit meaning since it shows the movement of pitch or patterns of melody as well as the multiple movements used by people’s voice in speech .This study fills the gap in a literature as it aims to investigate the types of information tones used in shaping the discursive strategies of other/self in Bush’s speech after September 11 attacks based on an eclectic model  of  Van Dijk's (2006) model of ideological square and Brazil’s (1997) model of discourse intonation. The data is collected qualitatively and a mixed method is used to analyze the results of this study. The major findings  show that Bush used commonly the proclaiming with a (fall) tone in shaping many discursive strategies to represent the image of “US” (selves) positively  than the image of “THEM” (others) negatively in order to add more and new information and attract the attention of Americans and manipulate and motivate them against terrorists, particularly Muslim people. It is hoped that such a study helps to enhance learners’ understanding of speakers’ intended meaning, since it focuses on showing the tonal types of the social and cognitive traits of the politician in question.
An Analysis of Jennifer Mills’ Dyschronia through the lens of the New Weird Genre
Authors: Abdullah Tabarek Layth , Rasheed Lamiaa Ahmed
Published: September 2024

The human influence on global climate change has become serious and critical, demanding extra study in all fields, including literature. The global weirding novels try to stress the human effects on climate change to great horrible space. Climate weirding represents how the human actions and greedy of capitalism change the whole planet to another one that is unfamiliar. In Dyschronia (2018), Jennifer Mills portrays surprising and disturbing events like the localized retreat, rather than rise, of the sea and the implications for the doomed town of Clapstone, which turned into an industrial sacrificed zone. The aim of The current paper first aims to study the problem of climate change, which has become very serious and critical in recent years and needs further exploration in all disciplines, including fiction; secondly, it tries to show how human actions  create serious problems like climate change or climate weirding which is one of the scarcest things  that threaten human and nonhuman existence. The study will depend on explaining new weird genre to analyse the novel.
Investigating Iraqi EFL University Students’ Linguistic Proficiency and Literary Awareness : A Comparative Study
Authors: ISMAIL NAJWA YASEEN
Published: September 2024

Linguistic proficiency refers to students’ ability to use and understand a language in a specific text, while literary awareness relates to students’ specific way of using information and comprehending literature in a particular language. The current study aims to investigate and compare Iraqi EFL university students' level between linguistic proficiency and literary awareness. It also aims at finding whether there is a significant difference between Iraqi EFL university students’ linguistic proficiency and literary awareness at both Tikrit university and Kirkuk University and finding whether there is a significant difference between Iraqi EFL students’ linguistic proficiency and literary awareness at Tikrit and Kirkuk universities according to gender. For achieving the aims and answering the questions, 250 students were randomly chosen from English Department in Colleges of Education at both universities in the second semester of the Academic Year 2022/ 2023 to form the study sample. The tool; that used for collecting data is a questionnaire. The results reveal that there is a significant difference in literary awareness and linguistic proficiency between the students at Tikrit and Kirkuk Universities. The difference is primarily in favor of literary awareness due to students' interest in literary subjects rather than linguistic ones. The gender variable's results indicate that there is no difference in the language proficiency of males and females, there is a difference in literary awareness that favors the female gender. Finally, the study ends with conclusions and some recommendations.
لغة المسرح بين التحول والثبات- مأساة هاملع لـ محمد خضر الحمداني أنموذجاً
Authors: عبود خلود يوسف
Published: September 2024

أشار الحمداني إلى لغة المسرح معبراً عنها بألفاظ متحولة وثابتة فضلاً عن دلالات متعددة
كـ( بالموسيقى – الصراخ – الدماء- المآسي...إلخ)، وهي اللغة المعبرة إذ حلَّت محلَّ اللغة المنطوقة في الخطاب المسرحي، وهذا يشير إلى عبثية اللغة المجردة التي تحمل كلمات غير مفهومة وغير مترابطة بين الشخوص، إذ تجعل المتلقي غير متفاعل مع الحدث وأكثر تتابعاً مع ما يجري أمامه من أحداث. إنّ هذا التكامل داخل النص المسرحي يشكل لغة ثانية بصورة مغايرة للمنتج الثقافي للمسرح، لا سيما أن اللغة المسرحية تختلف وتتنوع باختلاف الظروف والمعطيات لأي عرض بوصفها لغة متحركة غير ثابتة، إذ تولد فاعلية التحول والتبدل في كلّ عرض مسرحي.
فن الوصايا في الأدب العربي عامر بن الظرب العدواني انموذجاً
Authors: خضير أماني كنعان
Published: September 2024

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على عبده ورسوله وخليله وأمينه نبينا وسيدنا محمد وعلى آله واصحابه أجمعين، أما بعد:
حظي الأدب العربي القديم بشعره ونثره بكثير من الدراسات التي تناولت عدداً من ظواهره الأدبية ، وأماطت اللثام عن كثير من شخصياته الأدبية التي كان لها ‏دور بارز في مسيرة الأدب في ذلك العصر، ومن هنا ولدت الرغبة في المشاركة ‏والمساهمة في تقديم بحث أدبي عن أدب ذلك العصر؛ كونه الأساس الذي قام عليه ‏أدب العصور اللاحقة ، ولما كان النثر يمثل أحد شقي الأدب في عصر ما قبل ‏الإسلام ، فقد تناولت الدراسة شخصية عامر بن الظرب الذي كان من أدباء ذلك العصر، والذي ‏عرف عنه أنه من أهل الحكمة والرأي، وكان له نتاج أدبي نثري وشعري، وقد تناولنا جانبا من جوانبه النثرية وهي الوصايا في الأدب العربي عامر بن الظرب أنموذجاً بيّنا في الدراسة  الوصية لغة واصطلاحا ومكانتها في فنون النثر بحسب العصور الأدبية من عصر ما قبل الإسلام إلى العصر العباسي وبينا أهم الخصائص الفنية لهذا الفن ، فضلاً عن ذلك تناولنا فيه تعريفا عن شخصية عامر بن الظرب ونموذجا من إحدى وصاياه في قومه أهل عدوان، وأجملنا البحث بخاتمة وبعض المصادر والمراجع التي اعتمدنا عليها في البحث.
The Effect Round House strategy on pupils Writing skill
Authors: Ali Heyam Mohammed , Saleh Madeha Saif Alden
Published: September 2024

The present study aims at finding out the effect of Round House strategy on developing EFL Intermediate pupils’ Writing skill. To achieve the aim of this study , a  hypotheses is assumed to be established. there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental group in the pre –post writing test . A sample consists of (60) pupils in first grade at Al-Hammiya Intermediate School for Boys distributed into two groups. Group (A) represents experimental group that includes (30) pupils are taught according to Round House strategy. Group (B) represents control group who also includes (30) pupils who are taught according to the prescribed method. Both groups have been equalized in such variables educational level of parents. English scores achievement in preceding year, and the pre-test of both groups. The dependability coefficient has been validated using the Alpha-Cronbach method. A statistical study of the items has been done to determine the discrimination power and level of difficulty for each item. As a result, the post-test has been administered to the full sample. The formula for "the T-test of two independent and paired samples' has been employed to statistically analyze the data acquired from the post-test results. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group" when using Round House strategy. Appropriate recommendations and suggestion for future research are made in light of the study's results and conclusions
An Economic Comparison between Using Concrete and Steel Frames in a Medium MultiStory Building in Iraq
Authors: Thoeny Zainab A. , Thwaini Mustafa A.
Published: September 2024

لعبت مواد البناء دائمًا أدوارًا أساسية في تقييم الإنشاءات، ويعد حساب التكلفة الاقتصادية عاملًا مهمًا في اختيار المواد المناسبة. عادة ما يتم استخدام مواد الخرسانة المسلحة والصلب لبناء هياكل المباني متعددة الطوابق. الهدف الأساسي من الدراسة هو تقييم وتحليل الخرسانة المسلحة والفولاذ اللذان يستخدمان بشكل متكرر كمواد بناء هيكلية بديلة داخل قطاع البناء العراقي لتحديد أيهما فعال من حيث التكلفة لاستخدامه في عوارض البناء والأعمدة والألواح. في هذا البحث تم تصميم نموذجين للمبنى متعدد الطوابق بمواد خام مختلفة من الخرسانة والصلب، مع وظائف مماثلة تم أخذها في الاعتبار، ثم إجراء مقارنة اقتصادية بينهما. يبلغ الارتفاع الإجمالي للمبنى 16 مترًا في الأعلى، وقد تم تصميم المبنى باستخدام برنامج كمبيوتر (ETABS 2018)، وتم تكييف المبنى المصمم لعدة استخدامات كمركز تجاري، ومكاتب، ومركز خدمات، وما إلى ذلك. وأظهرت الدراسة أن التكلفة الإجمالية التي تم توفيرها من خلال الإطار الخرساني بلغت حوالي 57.8٪ مقارنة بالإطار الفولاذي، في حين أن توفير الوقت للإطار الفولاذي كان حوالي 66٪ نسبة الى الإطار الخرساني.
Evaluation of the Quality of Railways Performance in Iraq (Baghdad -Basra Line as a Case Study)
Authors: Ellk Dunya S. , Mohsin Alyaa H. , Salih Siham Idan
Published: September 2024

The Iraqi railways are considered one of the first railways established in the Middle East. Iraq’s geographical location made it a connecting point between the region countries, Asia, and Europe, as the Iraqi railway network extended to Iran, Kuwait, the Arabian Gulf, and Saudi Arabia. The war conditions that the country went through affected the services provided by the railways. The research aims to assess the performance of the Baghdad-Basra railway by measuring the level of service for this line as a model for evaluating the quality of the railways’ performance in Iraq. The research goal was achieved in two stages. In the first stage, theoretical information about the research subject was collected. In the second stage, 32 samples were collected from train trips for the Baghdad-Basra railway. Each sample included details of train trips on different dates (2009-2012). The reasons for the deviations at the time of the train arrival were determined by analyzing the samples, calculating the actual time and the planned time for the train trip, and proposing appropriate solutions to solve the problem of deviations and improve the quality of the performance of the railway line.