bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Different Integration Methods for Quantifying Monoclonal Proteins on Agarose Gel and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Instruments
Authors: Larkin Brittany , Mahaney Laura , Abegunde Samuel , Shea Jennifer L.
Published: October 2024

Quantifying M-proteins is an important part of diagnosing and monitoring patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Historically, laboratories use one of two methods to accomplish this. The splice method utilizes a perpendicular drop on each side of the M-protein on the electrophoretogram. In contrast, the skim method applies a tangent skimming line connecting the points above the polyclonal background. In this study, we compared the bias between these two methods across two different instruments (Helena SPIFE 3000 and Sebia Capillarys 3) in 118 patients. First, we compared the splice technique on both instruments and observed a significant average bias of 58.3% (slope = 1.437, y-intercept = 0.76, and r = 0.9682). We next compared the splice technique on the SPIFE 3000 to the skim technique on the Capillarys 3 and observed an average bias of only −2.10% (slope = 1.363, y-intercept = −1.98, and r = 0.9716), although there was significant scatter along the line of best fit. Lastly, we compared splice vs. skim on the Capillarys 3 and observed an average bias of −38.2% (slope = 0.947, y-intercept = −2.65, and r = 0.9686). Based on these results, care should be taken when switching instruments or integration techniques to ensure consistent monitoring of patients.
The Influence of Iron Content on the Porosity of AlSi9 Alloy Intended for Alfining Piston Ring Inserts
Authors: Piątkowski Jarosław , Roskosz Stanisław , Sapota Wiktoria , Stach Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Due to its tendency to increase the power of engines, improving their reliability and operational efficiency, the compression ring in combustion engine pistons is embedded in a cast iron insert, which is subjected to the process of “alfining”. This involves covering the insert with an Al–Si alloy, which increases the iron content. Research has shown that the β-Al5FeSi phases crystallizing in the area of the insert–piston connection are the main cause of an unstable connection between the silumin casting of the piston and the ring insert. Their unfavourable lamellar morphology and large dimensions are the main causes of weakening in the connection between the insert and the piston, resulting in an unacceptable number of defective products. It has also been found that up to approx. 0.59 wt.% Fe, the pore volume fraction is very small (up to 3%), and there is no correlation. However, after exceeding this value, both the volume fraction of the β-Al5FeSi phase and the number of pores increase monotonically to values of approximately 18% and 14%, respectively, and the correlation between the examined features is statistically significant. These results were compared with known theories of the influence of iron on the porosity of Al–Si alloys, showing that the precipitates of the β-Al5FeSi phase are more important in the porosity fraction than the two-layer oxide films called “bifilms”. This research was carried out and verified under industrial conditions in one of the largest piston foundries (Federal-Mogul Gorzyce sp. z o.o., F-MG) on a separate line intended for alfining ring inserts intended for combustion pistons.
The Development of a Human Respiratory Mucosa-on-a-Chip Using Human Turbinate-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Park Sang Hi , Kwon Mi-Yeon , Lim Chae-Yoon , Park Sun Hwa , Jang David W. , Hwang Se Hwan , Kim Sung Won
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of a respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip on the respiratory epithelial differentiation potential of human nasal inferior turbinate-derived stem cells (hNTSCs). Materials and Methods: After isolating hNTSCs from five patients, we divided the samples from the patients into the study group with a mucosa-on-a-chip and the control group with conventional differentiation (using conventional differentiation methods). The respiratory epithelial differentiation potential of hNTSCs was analyzed by histology and gene expression. Results: In the quantitative analysis, PCR showed that the hNTSCs expressed the cytokeratin genes (KRT13, 14), transformation-related protein P63 (TP63), and vimentin of basal cells in the airway epithelium at higher levels, but cytokeratin genes (KRT6) at lower levels, in the mucosa-on-a-chip than in conventional differentiation. In the cytokine analysis (GM-CSF, IFNr, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, RANTES, TNFa, IL-6, and IL-8), the expressions of IFNr, IL-13, RANTES, TNFa, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly upregulated in the mucosa-on-a-chip than in conventional differentiation. Conclusions: We conclude that the human respiratory mucosa-on-a-chip using human turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells allows the respiratory differentiation of hNTSCs and shows the difference in gene and cytokine expression, which could serve as an alternative to conventional differentiation for the production of functionally competent hNTSCs for future clinical applications.
Investigating the Potential Overuse of Pan-Computed Tomography (PanCT) Examinations in Trauma Cases in Emergency Departments
Authors: Alahmad Haitham , Hobani Ahmed , Alasmi Mohammed , Alshahrani Abdulrhman M. , Abanomy Ahmad , Alarifi Mohammad , Alotaibi Abdulmajeed , Alenazi Khaled , Almanaa Mansour
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: The increasing use of whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) examinations, also known as panCT, in emergency departments for trauma patients has raised concerns about potential overuse and the associated risk of unnecessary radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization patterns and findings of panCT scans performed over one year at a major academic hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 531 stable trauma adult patients who underwent panCT scans in 2023. De-identified data for each patient, including the radiology report, age, gender, and total dose-length product (DLP) of the panCT scan, were retrieved and reviewed. Radiology reports were classified based on the findings as negative (no acute traumatic injuries) or positive, with positive reports further subclassified based on injury location. Injury severity scores (ISS) were also calculated based on the findings of the radiology reports. Statistical analysis was performed using the Python programming language to assess any association between the independent variables (age and gender) and the dependent variable (report findings: negative or positive). Results: About 57% (n = 303) of the panCT scans included in the analysis were negative. The chi-squared test and logistic regression revealed a significant association between age and report finding (negative or positive), while no association with gender was found. One-third of positive cases (n = 72) had injuries only in the head and neck (H&N) region, and another one-third (n = 72) had injuries only in chest-abdomen-pelvis (CAP) region. Most cases (n = 373; 70%) had an ISS between 1 and 8, which is a mild score. Conclusions: This study showed a high rate of negative panCT scans, suggesting potential overuse of panCT. The study results highlight the need for more selective CT imaging approaches in emergency settings. Following evidence-based guidelines and decision-support tools could promote appropriate utilization of panCT scans, reducing unnecessary radiation exposure while ensuring that high-risk patients in emergency setting receive appropriate imaging.
Bio-Based Epoxy-Phthalonitrile Resin: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Du Yanqin , Wang Ruojin , Meng Qingxu , Zhang Xiaoa , Xu Riwei
Published: October 2024

Preparation of high-performance thermosetting resins via bio-based resources is important for the development of a sustainable world. In this work, we proposed the introduction of cyanide structure groups into the molecular structure of epoxy resins to give them excellent heat resistance. A eugenol-based epoxy-phthalonitrile (EEPN) resin was synthesized by a two-step process using the bio-based renewable resource of eugenol, and a series of EEPN/Epoxide resin (E51) blend resins with different EEPN contents were prepared. The structure of the EEPN monomer was characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elemental analysis. The thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the cured resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The experimental results showed that EEPN had excellent heat resistance; the char yield at 800 °C was 67.9 wt%, which was much higher than that of E51 at 26.3 wt%; and the heat resistance of the blended resins was significantly improved with the increase in the EEPN content.
The Intestinal Barrier Protective Effect of Indole Aldehyde Derivatives on Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Wang Jieqiong , Yan Weifeng , Cheng Xu , Tong Yonggang , Wang Sihong , Jin Chunmei
Published: October 2024

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), poses a significant risk to human health and public safety. Despite the availability of clinical treatments, none effectively mitigate the intestinal barrier damage, which is the primary defense against T. gondii invasion. This study introduced aldehyde groups into the indole scaffold of a peptide-like structure to investigate the protective effects of these indole aldehyde derivatives on the intestinal barrier in mice with acute T. gondii infection. This approach leveraged the propensity of peptides and aldehyde groups to form hydrogen bonds. We synthesized a range of indole derivatives using the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction and evaluated their intestinal barrier protective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed that indole derivatives A1 (1-Formyl-1H-indole-3-acetonitrile), A3 (Indole-3-carboxaldehyde), A5 (2-Chloro-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde), A8 (1-Methyl-indole-3-carboxaldehyde), and A9 (1-Methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde) demonstrated a higher selectivity index compared to the positive control, spiramycin. These derivatives enhanced gastrointestinal motility, increased glutathione (GSH) levels in the small intestine, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the small intestine tissue and diamine oxidase (DAO) and NO levels in the serum of infected mice. Notably, A3 exhibited comparable anti-T. gondii tachyzoites activity in the peritoneal cavity. Molecular docking studies indicated that the aldehyde group on the indole scaffold not only formed a hydrogen bond with NTPase-II but also interacted with TgCDPK1 through hydrogen bonding. Among the derivatives, A3 showed promising intestinal barrier protective effects in mice with acute T. gondii infection. This research suggests that indole derivatives could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for intestinal diseases induced by T. gondii, offering a novel direction for treating intestinal barrier damage and providing valuable insights for the chemical modification of drugs targeting T. gondii. Furthermore, it contributes to the advancement of therapeutic approaches for toxoplasmosis.
Reaction of F Atoms with Carbonyl Sulfide: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri , Romanias Manolis N.
Published: October 2024

The gas phase reaction of fluorine atoms with carbonyl sulfide, F + OCS → SF + CO (1), has been investigated over a wide temperature range, T = 220–960 K, in a discharge-flow system combined with mass spectrometry for the analysis of the reactive mixture. The reaction rate coefficient was determined as a function of temperature using both absolute (under pseudo-first-order conditions using an excess of F atoms) and relative rate methods: k1 = (8.95 ± 0.52) × 10−11 exp((102 ± 20)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (with an estimated total uncertainty of 15% independent of temperature). The SF radical was observed as the main primary reaction product. The experimental results are supported by theoretical calculations, which evidence that the reaction is exothermic with a weak negative temperature dependence.
Uptake of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Polydopamine Films Deposited on Gold Surfaces: A Study by AFM and XPS
Authors: Atrei Andrea , Chokheli Shalva , Corsini Maddalena , József Tóth , Di Florio Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Polydopamine has the capacity to adhere to a large variety of materials and this property offers the possibility to bind nanoparticles to solid surfaces. In this work, magnetite nanoparticles were deposited on gold substrates coated with polydopamine films. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the composition and morphology of the PDA layers on the sticking of magnetite nanoparticles. The polydopamine coating of gold surfaces was achieved by the oxidation of alkaline solutions of dopamine with various reaction times. The length of the reaction time to form PDA was expected to influence the composition and surface roughness of the PDA films. Magnetite nanoparticles were deposited on these polydopamine films by immersing the samples in aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles. The morphology at the nanometric scale and the composition of the surfaces before and after the deposition of magnetite nanoparticles were investigated by means of AFM and XPS. We found that the amount of magnetite nanoparticles on the surface did not vary monotonically with the reaction time of PDA formation, but it was at the minimum after 20 min of reaction. This behavior may be attributed to changes in the chemical composition of the coating layer with reaction time.
Detrimental Industries’ Sponsorship in Football Clubs Across Ten Major Leagues from 2000–2022: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kamiński Mikołaj , Szymajda Wiktor , Kaczmarek Ada , Kręgielska-Narożna Matylda , Bogdański Paweł
Published: October 2024

Background: Sponsorship of football teams by detrimental industries may negatively impact fans’ dietary and behavioral choices. The study aimed to determine the proportion of sponsors on the jerseys of teams in the top ten football leagues that comprise companies producing alcohol or unhealthy food, or engaging in gambling. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, incorporating data from first-division football teams in 10 countries (Argentina, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United States) playing from 2000–2022. Data were collected on the primary sponsors displayed on team jerseys and categorized into alcohol, unhealthy food (defined as producers of ultra-processed food according to the NOVA classification), gambling, or other, based on the nature of the products or services offered by the sponsors. We performed descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: A total of 4452 sponsorship records were analyzed. The majority were classified as “other” (81.8%), followed by gambling (6.9%), alcohol (2.6%), and unhealthy food (2.6%). We did not identify any sponsor representing the tobacco industry. The prevalence of gambling sponsors surged from 1.7% in 2000 to 16.3% in 2022. Conversely, alcohol-related sponsorships dwindled from 6.2% in 2000 to 1.0% in 2022. In the multivariate linear regression model, these trends were statistically significant. The alcohol industry remained visible in the Spanish league. Conclusions: A significant proportion of sponsorships on the jerseys of top football teams across the world represents alcohol, ultra-processed food, or the gambling industry. Trends in the types of sponsors on the jerseys of leading football clubs across the Western world are diverse. Particularly concerning is the recent increase in the percentage of clubs sponsored by the gambling industry. To limit the detrimental effects of the promotion of unhealthy products, novel policies should be considered.
Parental Acculturation and Its Effect on Preschool-Aged Children’s Health Behaviors Among Latinos in Nevada: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Johansen Christopher , Fudolig Miguel Antonio , Davalos Liliana , Rodriguez Alcantar Brisa
Published: October 2024

Background: Latino children in the United States (US) have a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity compared to white children. Previous studies suggest that acculturation to the US is associated with health behaviors such as diet, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. However, the role of parental acculturation remains understudied, particularly with the use of validated measures. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate parental acculturation and its association with parental interpersonal factors and health behaviors in the preschool-aged child. Methods: Data were analyzed from 187 Latino parents in Nevada. Parents completed a self-reported, cross-sectional survey. Acculturation was assessed using Norris’ 4-item validated acculturation measure. The average age of the preschool-aged children was 45.5 months, and their mean BMI percentile was 96.4% (SD ± 18.7). The mean parental acculturation score was 2.1 (SD ± 1.2). Children were physically active an average of 4.9 (SD ± 2.0) days per week. After controlling for covariates, the results indicated that parental acculturation was positively associated with physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. However, parental acculturation was not associated with child BMI percentile, or the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and sweet snacks. Conclusions: These findings can inform future research on culturally tailored intervention strategies to boost physical activity and reduce sugar-sweetened beverage intake among Latino preschool-aged children.
Nurses’ Techniques for Bottle-Feeding of Infants with Feeding Difficulties: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Tashiro Eri , Ueki Shingo , Nagatomo Eri , Miyata Junko
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study identified bottle-feeding techniques for infants with feeding difficulties. Methods: Between December 2021 and April 2022, a survey was distributed to nurses with at least 5 years of experience in caring for infants at 1109 hospitals in Japan. The questionnaire included open-ended questions regarding preparation before bottle-feeding, methods of nipple insertion, methods of assisting with sucking, and criteria for continuing bottle-feeding. The responses were classified according to semantic similarity. Results: In total, 514 valid responses were received. The respondents had an average of 19.16 years of experience as a nurse or midwife. The most frequently used nipples for infants with feeding difficulties were the Combi Breastfeeding Model, Pigeon Weak Sucking Nipple, and Bean Stalk Nipple. Preparation before bottle-feeding consisted of six categories, including determining the timing of feeding and stimulation to promote wakeup. Nipple insertion methods consisted of four categories, such as assisted opening of the mouth, nipple insertion, and nipple insertion depth. Methods of assisting with sucking were divided into four categories, including encouraging sucking ability from around the mouth and matching the infant’s sucking pace. The criteria for continuing bottle-feeding spanned three categories, including willingness to suck and ensuring necessary nutrition. Conclusions: The variety of survey responses describes the current state of bottle-feeding technologies. A combination of several techniques indicated that feeding strategies may lead to effective and appropriate feeding. The nurses continued feeding based on an assessment of the infant’s acceptance. Future studies regarding bottle-feeding techniques must consider the individuality of each infant.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infections: A Narrative Review
Authors: Iqbal Zaryan Safdar , Halkjær Sofie Ingdam , Ghathian Khaled Saoud Ali , Heintz Julie Elm , Petersen Andreas Munk
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a substantial health concern worldwide. Although it is known that the gut can act as a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens, the exact role of the gut microbiome in developing UTIs remains unclear. This review aims to investigate the link between the gut microbiome and UTIs and whether gut dysbiosis increases the risk of getting a UTI. Methods: To find relevant studies, a search was conducted across three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Only records that directly described the association between the gut microbiome and UTIs were included in this review. Results: Of the numerous studies retrieved, eight studies met the pre-set criteria and were selected for the review. The findings suggest several potential ways in which gut dysbiosis might enhance UTI susceptibility. A low gut microbiome diversity, a reduced level of bacteria involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and a high abundance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) among UTI patients all offer a reasonable explanation for the existence of a link between an altered gut microbiome and UTIs. However, contradictory study results make it difficult to verify this. Conclusions: Research on the link between the gut microbiome and UTIs is limited, and further studies need to be carried out to substantiate this relationship, as this can bring attention to finding improved and more relevant treatment for UTIs.
Suppression by RNA Polymerase I Inhibitors Varies Greatly Between Distinct RNA Polymerase I Transcribed Genes in Malaria Parasites
Authors: Samuel Hermela , Campelo Morillo Riward , Kafsack Björn F. C.
Published: October 2024

The transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) is the rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis and a major determinant of cellular growth rates. Unlike other eukaryotes, which express identical rRNA from large tandem arrays of dozens to hundreds of identical rRNA genes in every cell, the genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains only a handful single-copy 47S rRNA loci that differ substantially from one another in length, sequence, and expression in different cell types. We found that the growth of the malaria parasite was acutely sensitive to the Pol I inhibitors 9-hydroxyellipticine and BMH-21 and demonstrated that they greatly reduce the transcription of 47S rRNAs as well as the transcription of other non-coding RNA genes. This makes P. falciparum only the second known organism where RNA Polymerase I transcribes genes other than the 47S rRNAs. We found that the various types of Pol I-transcribed genes differed by more than two orders of magnitude in their susceptibility to these inhibitors and explored the implications of these findings for the regulation of rRNA in P. falciparum.
McHDV VP60 Virus-like Particles Elicit Protective Immunity Against Moschus chrysogaster Hemorrhagic Disease in Rabbits
Authors: Shao Yu , Liu Yudong , Huang Dong , Wang Qing , He Xiaoxiao , Zhao Wenjing , Zhao Yunhai , Ma Haiyun , Xing Xiaoyong , Zhang Zhixiong , Bao Shijun
Published: October 2024

Moschus chrysogaster viral hemorrhagic disease (McVHD), caused by the Moschus chrysogaster hemorrhagic disease virus (McHDV), is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease of musk deer. At present, there is no prevention or treatment for this disease. In this study, we constructed a recombinant bacmid containing the McHDV VP60 gene and obtained the recombinant baculovirus rBac-McHDV VP60 by transfection into Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells. The McHDV VP60 protein was successfully expressed in the insect cell-baculovirus expression system; furthermore, it was released in the supernatant of infected insect cells and spontaneously assembled to form virus-like particles (VLPs), which were structurally and immunologically indistinguishable from the Moschus chrysogaster viral hemorrhagic disease virion. Hypodermic vaccination of rabbits with the VLPs conferred complete protection in 14 days; this protection was found to be effective from the seventh day after VLP injection and was accompanied by a strong humoral response. This study is the first attempt to express the VP60 gene of McHDV using an insect baculovirus system, which provides an experimental basis for the virus-like particle vaccine of McVHD.
The Evolving Global Epidemiology of Human Melioidosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Norman Francesca F. , Blair Barbra M. , Chamorro-Tojeiro Sandra , González-Sanz Marta , Chen Lin H.
Published: October 2024

Endemic in over 45 countries globally, recent reports of locally acquired melioidosis in novel geographical areas, such as the Southern US, have highlighted the expanding geographical range of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Climate change and severe weather events have been linked to an increase in cases of melioidosis, which follows environmental exposure to the bacterium. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the possibility of the disease, with its diverse and often delayed presentations, even in areas not previously known to have risk. Over 200 cases of travel-associated melioidosis have been reported in the literature, highlighting the need to consider this disease in non-endemic areas, as diagnostic delays of up to 18 months have been identified. The review updates the global epidemiology of melioidosis, focusing on new geographical areas where cases have been diagnosed and imported cases, unusual clinical presentations and co-infections, and less frequent modes of transmission (laboratory exposures and the risk of acquisition due to imported infected animals and contaminated products).
Arthur Prior and Augustine’s Alleged Presentism
Authors: Steiner Thomas N.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the influence of Augustinian thought in the development of Arthur Prior’s tense logic. In particular, the article investigates Prior’s use of the 11th chapter of Confessiones and debates whether Augustinian temporality can correctly be characterized as a form of presentism. The investigation follows two distinct paths: The first part demonstrates the significance of Augustinian thought in the development of presentism and discusses the validity of Prior’s claim that this ontological doctrine “embodies the truth” behind Augustine’s view of past, present, and future. This line of inquiry will show that Augustine’s discussion in Confessiones does contain elements that could be applied in developing such a view of the ontology of time. The second part of the article, however, will highlight the dangers of applying concepts of the modern philosophical debate anachronistically when interpreting Augustine, as his view of time is then not adequately represented and often severely misunderstood. Understanding the historical roots of presentism accentuates the need for an explicit and careful definition of the concept in the contemporary debate about time.
Occupational Stress Among Italian Postgraduate Medical Trainees: A Pilot Study for the Validation of the SCOPE Questionnaire
Authors: Di Gennaro Gianfranco , Comacchio Carla , Beinat Federico , Zanolin Maria Elisabetta , Balestrieri Matteo ,   SCOPE Team, Colizzi Marco
Published: October 2024

The occupational environment may affect one’s psychophysical health by leveraging both external workplace stressors and individual psychological responses. We developed a comprehensive questionnaire to assess occupational stress among postgraduate medical trainees, investigating both situational and personal aspects. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the constructs captured by the questionnaire, and reliability was assessed by estimating Cronbach’s alpha. Construct-specific scores were computed, and their correlation with established pre-validated scales (criterion validation) was assessed. Four factors—“stress”, “coping”, “empathy”, and “trauma”—explained 50% of data variability and demonstrated satisfactory overall internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76). Significant correlations were found between the “stress” score and the “emotional exhaustion” component of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (r = −0.76), the “coping” score and the “positive attitudes” component of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE) (r = 0.46), and the “empathy” score with the “empathic concern” (r = 0.52), “fantasy” (r = 0.41), and “perspective taking” (r = 0.45) components of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). No significant differences in scores were found in terms of gender or medical specialization. This study suggests that the SCOPE questionnaire may be a promising tool for assessing workplace stress and psychological responses among medical residents.
Exploring the Role of p53 in Radiosensitivity: A Key Player in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Al-Arafat Tusher- , Mao Aihong , Katsube Takanori , Wang Bing
Published: October 2024

Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in cancer treatment, leveraging ionizing radiation to eradicate malignant cells. Its efficacy, however, is frequently challenged by the heterogeneous sensitivity of tumors and surrounding tissues to radiation. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying radiosensitivity is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Among the myriad of molecular players involved, the tumor suppressor protein p53 stands out as a central regulator with significant implications for radiosensitivity. Known as the “guardian of the genome”, p53 plays a pivotal role in maintaining genomic stability and orchestrating cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence in response to various stress signals, including radiation-induced DNA damage. Activation of p53 triggers the transcription of target genes involved in DNA repair pathways, such as p21, MDM2, and GADD45, facilitating the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage or the elimination of irreparably damaged cells. This, in turn, influences the overall radiosensitivity of tissues. Mutations in the TP53 gene, which encodes p53, are among the most frequent genetic alterations in human cancers. Loss or dysfunction of p53 can compromise the cellular response to radiation, leading to increased resistance to therapy and poorer clinical outcomes. Conversely, intact p53 function is associated with enhanced radiosensitivity due to its ability to promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to radiation-induced DNA damage. In conclusion, elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which p53 influences radiosensitivity is essential for advancing our understanding of the radiation response in cancer cells and developing more effective therapeutic approaches to cancer treatment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of p53 in modulating cellular responses to radiation, emphasizing its influence on radiosensitivity.
Defending a Legacy: Heinrich Bullinger’s Preface to Zwingli’s Opus articulorum (1535)
Authors: Hildebrand Pierrick
Published: October 2024

This article presents the first English translation of Heinrich Bullinger’s preface to Huldrych Zwingli’s Opus articulorum of 1535. This source, which has received little attention in previous scholarship; is placed in the context of efforts to bring Luther and the Swiss Reformed closer together after the death of the Zurich Reformed on the question of the Lord’s Supper. Bullinger’s preface is an apologetic manifesto in favor of Zwingli’s orthodoxy and continuity with the Church Fathers. It is argued that Bullinger’s strong commitment should be interpreted as a signal sent to Wittenberg that a rapprochement with Luther was not to be achieved at the expense of Zwingli’s theological legacy.
SPFDNet: Water Extraction Method Based on Spatial Partition and Feature Decoupling
Authors: Cheng Xuejun , Han Kuikui , Xu Jian , Li Guozhong , Xiao Xiao , Zhao Wengang , Gao Xianjun
Published: October 2024

Extracting water information from remote-sensing images is of great research significance for applications such as water resource protection and flood monitoring. Current water extraction methods aggregated richer multi-level features to enhance the output results. In fact, there is a difference in the requirements for the water body and the water boundary. Indiscriminate multi-feature fusion can lead to perturbation and competition of information between these two types of features during the optimization. Consequently, models cannot accurately locate the internal vacancies within the water body with the external boundary. Therefore, this paper proposes a water feature extraction network with spatial partitioning and feature decoupling. To ensure that the water features are extracted with deep semantic features and stable spatial information before decoupling, we first design a chunked multi-scale feature aggregation module (CMFAM) to construct a context path for obtaining deep semantic information. Then, an information interaction module (IIM) is designed to exchange information between two spatial paths with two fixed resolution intervals and the two paths through. During decoding, a feature decoupling module (FDM) is developed to utilize internal flow prediction to acquire the main body features, and erasing techniques are employed to obtain boundary features. Therefore, the deep features of the water body and the detailed boundary information are supplemented, strengthening the decoupled body and boundary features. Furthermore, the integrated expansion recoupling module (IERM) module is designed for the recoupling stage. The IERM expands the water body and boundary features using expansion and adaptively compensates the transition region between the water body and boundary through information guidance. Finally, multi-level constraints are combined to realize the supervision of the decoupled features. Thus, the water body and boundaries can be extracted more accurately. A comparative validation analysis is conducted on the public datasets, including the gaofen image dataset (GID) and the gaofen2020 challenge dataset (GF2020). By comparing with seven SOTAs, the results show that the proposed method achieves the best results, with IOUs of 91.22 and 78.93, especially in the localization of water bodies and boundaries. By applying the proposed method in different scenarios, the results show the stable capability of the proposed method for extracting water with various shapes and areas.
Computer Vision-Driven Movement Annotations to Advance fNIRS Pre-Processing Algorithms
Authors: Bizzego Andrea , Carollo Alessandro , Senay Burak , Fong Seraphina , Furlanello Cesare , Esposito Gianluca
Published: October 2024

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is beneficial for studying brain activity in naturalistic settings due to its tolerance for movement. However, residual motion artifacts still compromise fNIRS data quality and might lead to spurious results. Although some motion artifact correction algorithms have been proposed in the literature, their development and accurate evaluation have been challenged by the lack of ground truth information. This is because ground truth information is time- and labor-intensive to manually annotate. This work investigates the feasibility and reliability of a deep learning computer vision (CV) approach for automated detection and annotation of head movements from video recordings. Fifteen participants performed controlled head movements across three main rotational axes (head up/down, head left/right, bend left/right) at two speeds (fast and slow), and in different ways (half, complete, repeated movement). Sessions were video recorded and head movement information was obtained using a CV approach. A 1-dimensional UNet model (1D-UNet) that detects head movements from head orientation signals extracted via a pre-trained model (SynergyNet) was implemented. Movements were manually annotated as a ground truth for model evaluation. The model’s performance was evaluated using the Jaccard index. The model showed comparable performance between the training and test sets (J train = 0.954; J test = 0.865). Moreover, it demonstrated good and consistent performance at annotating movement across movement axes and speeds. However, performance varied by movement type, with the best results being obtained for repeated (J test = 0.941), followed by complete (J test = 0.872), and then half movements (J test = 0.826). This study suggests that the proposed CV approach provides accurate ground truth movement information. Future research can rely on this CV approach to evaluate and improve fNIRS motion artifact correction algorithms.
Assessment of Physiological Signals from Photoplethysmography Sensors Compared to an Electrocardiogram Sensor: A Validation Study in Daily Life
Authors: Rehman Rana Zia Ur , Chatterjee Meenakshi , Manyakov Nikolay V. , Daans Melina , Jackson Amanda , O’Brisky Andrea , Telesky Tacie , Smets Sophie , Berghmans Pieter-Jan , Yang Dongyan , Reynoso Elena , Lucas Molly V. , Huo Yanran , Thirugnanam Vasanth T. , Mansi Tommaso , Morris Mark
Published: October 2024

Wearables with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are being increasingly used in clinical research as a non-invasive, inexpensive method for remote monitoring of physiological health. Ensuring the accuracy and reliability of PPG-derived measurements is critical, as inaccuracies can impact research findings and clinical decisions. This paper systematically compares heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measures from PPG against an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor in free-living settings. Two devices with PPG and one device with an ECG sensor were worn by 25 healthy volunteers for 10 days. PPG-derived HR and HRV showed reasonable accuracy and reliability, particularly during sleep, with mean absolute error < 1 beat for HR and 6–15 ms for HRV. The relative error of HRV estimated from PPG varied with activity type and was higher than during the resting state by 14–51%. The accuracy of HR/HRV was impacted by the proportion of usable data, body posture, and epoch length. The multi-scale peak and trough detection algorithm demonstrated superior performance in detecting beats from PPG signals, with an F1 score of 89% during sleep. The study demonstrates the trade-offs of utilizing PPG measurements for remote monitoring in daily life and identifies optimal use conditions by recommending enhancements.
Stereo and LiDAR Loosely Coupled SLAM Constrained Ground Detection
Authors: Sun Tian , Cheng Lei , Zhang Ting , Yuan Xiaoping , Zhao Yanzheng , Liu Yong
Published: October 2024

In many robotic applications, creating a map is crucial, and 3D maps provide a method for estimating the positions of other objects or obstacles. Most of the previous research processes 3D point clouds through projection-based or voxel-based models, but both approaches have certain limitations. This paper proposes a hybrid localization and mapping method using stereo vision and LiDAR. Unlike the traditional single-sensor systems, we construct a pose optimization model by matching ground information between LiDAR maps and visual images. We use stereo vision to extract ground information and fuse it with LiDAR tensor voting data to establish coplanarity constraints. Pose optimization is achieved through a graph-based optimization algorithm and a local window optimization method. The proposed method is evaluated using the KITTI dataset and compared against the ORB-SLAM3, F-LOAM, LOAM, and LeGO-LOAM methods. Additionally, we generate 3D point cloud maps for the corresponding sequences and high-definition point cloud maps of the streets in sequence 00. The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in trajectory accuracy and robustness, enabling the construction of clear, dense 3D maps.
Curved Text Line Rectification via Bresenham’s Algorithm and Generalized Additive Models
Authors: Stogiannopoulos Thomas , Theodorakopoulos Ilias
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a methodology for rectifying curved text lines, a crucial process in optical character recognition (OCR) and computer vision. Utilizing generalized additive models (GAMs), the proposed method accurately estimates text curvature and rectifies it into a straight format for improved text recognition. The process includes image binarization techniques like Otsu’s thresholding, morphological operations, curve estimation, and the Bresenham line drawing algorithm. The results show significant improvements in OCR accuracy among different challenging distortion scenarios. The implementation, written in Python, demonstrates the potential for enhancing text alignment and rectification in scanned text line images utilizing a flexible, robust, and customizable framework.
Coupling Coordination Measurement and Obstacle Diagnosis of New Urbanization and Rural Revitalization in the Basin Area of Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Ling , Li Weipeng , Chen Zhongsheng , Yin Zhaoqi , Hu Ruilin , Qin Chanrong , Li Xueqi
Published: October 2024

The coupling coordination of new urbanization (NU) and rural revitalization (RR) is the key research that focuses on promoting integrated development between urban and rural areas. The entropy weight method, coupling coordination model, and obstacle model were used to explore the development level, coupling coordination degree, and obstacle factors of NU and RR in the basin area of Sichuan Province from 2013 to 2021 in this study. The results show the following: The levels of NU and RR in the basin area of Sichuan Province show an uptrend. Central cities exhibit higher levels of RR and NU. Under the influence of a central city, regional central cities have obvious growth in RR and NU. There are fluctuations in the RR and NU indicators in node cities. The coupling coordination degree of NU and RR in the basin area of Sichuan Province continues to rise, and the coordination levels are mainly basic coordination and moderate coordination. The coupling coordination degree is higher in central and regional central cities, while the coupling coordination degree of node cities is relatively lower. The levels of agricultural modernization, public infrastructure and medical resources, and rural governance are the main factors influencing the coupling coordination of NU and RR in the basin area of Sichuan Province. Affected by terrain, economy, and other factors, the level of urban–rural integration in the basin area of Sichuan Province is obviously different. With the continuous improvement of policies, the coupling coordination level of NU and RR is gradually developing towards a positive trend.
Development and Analysis of the Heliostat Curve Tracing Parametric Model (HCTPM) for Sustainable Solar Energy in Sun-Tracking Concentrated Solar Power Systems
Authors: Phungrassami Harnpon , Usubharatana Phairat
Published: October 2024

This study develops the heliostat curve tracing parametric model (HCTPM) to predict solar energy distribution in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems with sun-tracking capabilities. HCTPM uses curve tracing techniques to visualize flux distribution on mirrors and receivers, producing results that align closely with established models like HFLCAL, which use Gaussian and Tonatiuh ray-tracing methods. Simulations revealed that deviations in energy distribution increase as Sun shape error decreases, with greater impact on flux density and sensitivity. Variations in Sun disk radius caused notable deviations, especially in elliptical projections. The model’s flexibility in adjusting mirror shapes and sizes allows for the evaluation of spill losses, optimizing mirror designs for different positions. Spill loss analysis showed that larger mirrors reduce spill loss on mirrors but increase it on receivers, particularly when mirrors deviate from the north. Although total spill loss decreases with larger mirrors, this effect weakens as receiver spill loss grows. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing mirror and receiver design to maximize energy efficiency and minimize resource waste, contributing to more sustainable solar energy systems. The HCTPM model plays a crucial role in improving the sustainability of CSP systems by optimizing configurations based on Sun disk characteristics, reducing energy losses, and promoting efficient resource use.
Agricultural Insurance and Selection of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Technology—An Empirical Study Based on the Main Rice-Producing Areas in China
Authors: Sun Jiangqi , Zhan Jiahao , Chen Zhaojiu
Published: October 2024

Agricultural insurance not only plays a significant role in disseminating agricultural risks and stabilizing farmers’ income, but also constitutes an essential means of promoting the transformation of agricultural development from excessive reliance on resources to a green production mode. Based on the survey data of 978 rice farmers in Jiangxi Province in 2022, this paper explored the influence of farmers’ participation in policy-based agricultural insurance on the adoption of soil testing and formula fertilization technology through the propensity score matching method. The results indicate that farmers participating in policy-based agricultural insurance exhibit significantly superior performance in adopting soil testing and formula fertilization technology compared to those not participating. Further analysis found that there were significant differences between farmers with different resource endowments participating in policy-based agricultural insurance, and that the policy-based agricultural insurance had a better effect on the adoption of soil testing and formula fertilization technology for farmers with more years of education, part-time employment, and more flat land than it did for farmers with fewer years of education, professional farmers, and more sloping land. The main conclusion is that the guarantee function of agricultural insurance in rural areas should be enhanced; the training and publicity of farmers’ production technology and environmental awareness should be strengthened; rural characteristic industries and county economies should be vigorously developed; high-standard farmland should be vigorously constructed; and policy suggestions should be made on agricultural infrastructure construction.
The Use of Socio-Environmental Indicators to Assess the Needs Relating to the Development of Urban Greenery
Authors: Bielecki Adam , Będkowski Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Areas covered with vegetation play a key role in life on Earth and should be inventoried in a clear and complete manner in order to improve the process of their protection and development. Data showing the amount of greenery in areas most deformed by humans, i.e., urbanized areas, are particularly important. Local governments need to know how to invest their limited resources in the quality of life of residents by supplementing the urban fabric with additional vegetation. Unfortunately, there are currently few proposals in the scientific literature that would allow us to uniformly determine the amount of greenery resources in different cities. This article presents a proposal for how to calculate the degree of greenness of cities based on remote sensing data. Additionally, a novel method, including 3 new spatial indicators, was proposed to help in planning the development of areas covered with vegetation, taking into account the spatial distribution of the local population. Results were calculated for the city of Lodz (Poland) using a comprehensive method, which employs original formulas based on satellite and LiDAR data to present the actual natural situation in a specific city. In consequence, the results showed a similar area of green areas as the official repositories, but these areas were much more dispersed than these public databases would suggest.