bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological trade-offs associated with fuel breaks in sagebrush ecosystems
Authors: Roche Morgan D. , Saher D. Joanne , Buchholtz Erin K. , Crist Michele R. , Shinneman Douglas J. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Brussee Brianne E. , Coates Peter S. , Weise Cali L. , Heinrichs Julie A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Unprecedented wildfire frequency, fueled by invasive annual grasses, threatens sagebrush ecosystems. To suppress wildfire and conserve sagebrush, land management agencies have installed fuel breaks across the sagebrush biome. However, despite the potential reduction in wildfire, fuel breaks may have ecological costs. Determining an acceptable balance between risks and benefits of fuel breaks is needed to avoid accelerating sagebrush loss, annual grass invasion, and habitat degradation. To evaluate the potential for ecological trade-offs to occur, we characterized the contexts in which known fuel breaks currently exist. We synthesized spatial data on all known fuel breaks and a suite of variables that may contribute to fuel break risks and benefits, including burn probabilities, predicted fuel break effectiveness, linear infrastructure, invasive annual grass cover, soil moisture conditions that confer resistance to invasion and resilience to disturbance, and priority wildlife habitats across the sagebrush biome.

Results

We found that within the sagebrush biome, fuel breaks are generally located in areas with high burn probability and are thus positioned well to intercept potential wildfires. However, fuel breaks are also frequently positioned in areas with lower predicted fuel break effectiveness relative to the sagebrush biome overall. Fuel breaks also are spatially associated with high invasive grass cover, indicating the need to better understand the causal relationship between fuel breaks and annual invasive grasses. We also show that the fuel break network is dense within priority wildlife habitats. Dense fuel breaks within wildlife habitats may trade off wildfire protection for decreased integrity of such habitats.

Conclusions

Our analyses describe the potential for fuel breaks to invoke ecological trade-offs and show that the balance of risks and benefits differs across sagebrush ecosystems. Strategic research and actions are needed to evaluate which factors tip the balance towards maximizing wildfire suppression while minimizing risk to sensitive ecological resources.
Undergraduate STEM Students’ Perceptions of Grading Practices Reveal that Quiz Retakes Positively Impact Drivers of Self-determination
Authors: Tripp Brie , Ravi Akshaya , Pang Ethan , Furrow Robert E.
Published: December 2024

We used self-determination theory to assess quiz retakes, an alternative grading practice in which students had second chances to show competency with course learning objectives. This practice increased students' perceptions of their course competence, autonomy, feelings of relatedness to the instructors, and overall motivation to learn.
Literary Meat Works
Authors: Singer Hayley
Published: December 2024

In Agustina Bazterrica's novel Tender Is the Flesh (2020), a virus has ripped through every animal on the planet. All animals are massacred. No more dogs, cows, pigs, or birds. Some people refused to send their companions to the killing squads. Still, they died. At first, “expendable” humans were sold as black-market substitutes for animal protein, but now cannibalism has been legitimized—though it is, in fact, illegal to use the correct terms for what goes on in the Municipal Slaughterhouse. This article looks to Tender Is the Flesh to understand how language and narrative form can be worked in ways that articulate and “unwrite” multispecies injustices. The article argues for the value of literature that responds to culturally suppressed realities of abattoirs by imagining how it might feel to be subjected to these realities. The question whether such imaginative work can expand the possibilities of multispecies justice is examined.
Factors affecting women scientists’ retention and progress in STEM fields in the UAE: A cross-sectional study
Authors: T. Rahma Azhar , Nauman Javaid , Albawardi Alia , Alyammahi Hajer , Fares Rim , Saikia Payaswini , S. Abdullahi Aminu , Suliman Abubaker , Zou Linda , Almarzooqi Saeeda
Published: December 2024

Background The representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is disproportionate to graduates from STEM fields. There is limited research addressing challenges facing women retention in STEM in the UAE. Methods A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted. A total of 165 participants were enrolled; 62% males and 35% females. Results More women believed there is gender inequality in STEM (47% versus 28%). 44% of female participants experienced gender inequality in their career. Men were significantly less likely to experience gender inequality (OR=0.06, 95% CI=0.02-0.16). Women reported lack of organizational emphasis on diversity and inclusion for promotion to leadership (44% versus 60%). Conclusion Data confirms gender-based preconceptions and biases in STEM fields. Institutional initiatives and policies to challenge stereotypes and promote gender equality are required. Governmental role is crucial in creating an inclusive environment for women scientists.
FIGURATIVE ART IN THE CONTEXT OF PHILOSOPHICAL AND CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Tian Xiaolei
Published: December 2024

As an important part of modern culture, figurative art is embodied in the reflection of social reality and the expression of the artist’s subjective world and deep cultural consciousness. In the context of philosophy and culture, figurative art adopts an interdisciplinary research approach, combining philosophical, cultural and art historical studies to reveal its meaning and role in contemporary society. Through the framework of philosophical theory and the analysis of cultural context, the deep meaning of figurative art is demonstrated, and the importance of philosophical and cultural analysis in understanding figurative art is emphasized. Using a philosophical and cultural analysis approach, it delves into the deeper meaning of figurative art. Through the analysis of philosophical theoretical framework and cultural context, the significance and role of figurative art in contemporary society are revealed.
Financial controlling of the company's business processes
Authors: Kazakova Nataliya , Erohina Ekaterina , Chikurova Svetlana , Romanova Natal'ya
Published: December 2024

The textbook provides the formation of knowledge and practical skills in the field of building a system of financial controlling of business processes in companies, includes issues of the general concept of controlling business processes aimed at controlling the sustainability, economic and financial security of activities based on the relationship of business analysis tools, internal control and information and analytical business risk management system. The applied approach allows the company to increase its ability to quickly adapt to the turbulence of the external and internal environment.
The theory and practical aspects of business analysis of marketing activities are considered, providing assessment and control of business competitiveness; regulatory legal and organizational aspects of internal control, providing an understanding of its functional components in improving the effectiveness of corporate governance, as well as best practices, methods and techniques of operational and strategic financial controlling.
Control questions, tests and situational tasks are used to assess knowledge.
It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of the specialty and master's degree programs of additional professional education.
Management Accounting (advanced course)
Authors: Kurmanova Aliya
Published: December 2024

The textbook reveals the stages of development of the concept of management accounting, the essence and features of its traditional and strategic systems, approaches to the organization of management information support and mechanisms for using management accounting tools, presents questions and tests to consolidate educational material on the main topics.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of educational programs of higher education 38.04.01 Economics. It may be useful for students of other economic specialties when studying accounting and analytical disciplines.
Physical Chemistry: Entropy
Authors: Borschevskiy Andrey
Published: December 2024

The textbook covers all the most important aspects of entropy, one of the fundamental concepts of classical and statistical thermodynamics, as well as all physical chemistry. Various reasons and ways leading to the emergence of this concept, its connection with temperature, are described. The methods of calculating the relative and absolute values of the entropy of chemical compounds in various aggregate states are analyzed. A significant part of the manual is devoted to the entropy of nonequilibrium macroscopic bodies and the production of entropy during various irreversible processes. Sufficient attention is paid to the relationship of entropy with information. The essence of the law of entropy increase is described in detail, which is not explained in any textbook on physical chemistry, but only in books on theoretical physics, and even then it is not always complete.
It is divided into two large chapters. The first one sets out the issues necessary for understanding the concept of entropy in classical thermodynamics, the second one does the same with respect to statistical thermodynamics based on a probabilistic approach. In this regard, the various functions of statistical distribution and the relationship between them are analyzed in detail.
To assimilate the material, there is enough knowledge of mathematical analysis in the volume given by general courses in this discipline at universities and higher technical educational institutions. The rest of the necessary mathematical information is given in the manual itself.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions.It can also be useful for graduate students specializing in physical chemistry.
Financial planning and budgeting
Authors: Nezamaykin Valeriy , Platonova Natal'ya , Yurzinova Irina , Chernikina Elena , Alieva Tamari
Published: December 2024

The textbook contains a brief description of the main theoretical aspects of the discipline under study, examples of solving problems to be considered in practical classes, as well as test tasks to assess the level of knowledge in the discipline.
It is an auxiliary educational material for the study of this discipline and contributes to a more complete formation of practical skills in the field of financial planning and budgeting.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the direction 38.03.01 "Economics".
SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF STAFF SHORTAGE AT A METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Ismagilova Galina , Lysenko E.
Published: December 2024

The problem of “staffing shortage” that has arisen and gradually increased since the beginning of the 21st century has now become acute, covering both the internal and external labor markets, many areas of activity and industries. The article is devoted to solving the problem of staffing shortage in the metallurgical industry. Based on the author’s conceptual model, a study was conducted of the causes and factors causing staffing shortage, as well as the methods used to reduce it in the metallurgical industry as a whole. A comprehensive empirical study among stakeholders interested in reducing the staffing shortage — heads of production units and employees — showed the significance and influence of staffing shortage on achieving the goals of the organization. A mechanism was developed and possible intra-organizational and extra-organizational resources for overcoming the staffing shortage were identified, the results of which showed positive dynamics in reducing staff turnover at a metallurgical enterprise.
THE PROCESS OF FORMING A SYSTEM OF INTERNAL CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Afanas'eva A. , Danilova E.
Published: December 2024

The article updates the level of internal corporate communications and their activities in terms of the efficiency and quality of interaction between employees of the organization, solving production problems, fulfilling the positions assigned to employees and the formation of an internal corporate socio-psychological climate. The study determined that one of the basic principles of a modern human resource management system is the creation of the conditions necessary for the effective management of communication flows. In the course of the author’s research, the main modern channels for internal communications in the company are identified and the features of using a certain information dissemination channel are presented, the choice of which is determined by the level of desired coverage, the degree of importance and significance of the broadcast information, and the size of the target audience. The article pays special attention to the basic stages, conditions of formation and criteria for the effectiveness of the company’s internal corporate communications system.
New Records of Loxosceles amazonica Gertsch, 1967 (Arachnida: Araneae: Sicariidae) from Tocantins, Brazil with Description of Female Genitalia Variation
Authors: Madaleno Kassia , Salvatierra Lidianne
Published: December 2024

The knowledge of arachnofauna from Tocantins, Brazil, is still incipient. The present communication expands the known geographical distribution of Loxosceles amazonica Gertsch, 1967 (Arachnida: Araneae: Sicariidae) in Brazilian Cerrado. The brown spider specimens were sampled in Dianópolis municipality and Cristalândia municipality both in Tocantins State, Brazil, between 2022 and 2024. Also, we describe a new variation of the epigynum of L. amazonica. Mapping the distribution of Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 species in Brazil is crucial for public health, aiding in prevention and timely treatment of loxoscelism caused by brown spider bites.
The Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Lower Limb Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Mufan , Zhang Tingran , Zhang Jiahan , Luo Jiong
Published: December 2024

Background  Population aging is a significant trend in China's development, and the decline in lower limb function in older adults is one of the primary health threats, often leading to falls or injuries. Several studies have applied motor imagery (MI) to improve lower limb function in older adults. However, the benefits of this intervention method for older adults remain to be further explored. Objective This paper systematically reviews the benefits of motor imagery in improving lower limb function in older adults using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. Methods Relevant literature on motor imagery interventions targeting balance ability in healthy older adults was retrieved from four English and three Chinese databases. The content of the literature was analyzed and coded based on the theoretical framework of the ICF. Results A total of 11 studies from 7 countries were included, comprising 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 758 older adult participants. Interventions included MI alone or combined with physical exercise, and intervention settings encompassed laboratories, communities, hospitals, and homes. Outcome measures included motor function, postural changes and maintenance, gait, and mobility. Conclusion Motor imagery interventions and their combination with other intervention methods can improve lower limb function and related motor abilities in older adults. However, compared to MI alone, the effects of combined MI interventions on lower limb function in older adults remain inconclusive.
Uwagi o historii powstania Złotej Bulli z Rimini. Przyczynek do początków władztwa Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach
Authors: Dorna Maciej
Published: December 2024

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, kiedy i w jaki sposób doszło do zredagowania tzw. Złotej Bulli z Rimini, przywileju datowanego na marzec 1226 r., w którym cesarz Fryderyk II Hohenstauf potwierdził Zakonowi Krzyżackiemu przyszłe darowizny ze strony księcia Konrada I mazowieckiego oraz nadał mu prawo posiadania wszystkich ziem, jakie zdobędzie w Prusach wraz z szerokimi uprawnieniami władzy zwierzchniej. Autor podejmuje dyskusję z koncepcjami genezy Złotej Bulli sformułowanymi przez Sylvaina Gouguenheima oraz Tomasza Jasińskiego i przedstawia własny pogląd na czas oraz mechanizm zredagowania Złotej Bulli w znanej nam obecnie wersji.
Aktywność Michała Küchmeistra po rezygnacji z godności wielkiego mistrza Zakonu Krzyżackiego (10 III 1422 – 15 XII 1423)
Authors: Duda Michalina , Jóźwiak Sławomir
Published: December 2024

Wielki mistrz Michał Küchmeister był jednym z nielicznych zwierzchników Zakonu Krzyżackiego w Prusach w XIV i XV w., który, jak wszystko na to wskazuje, ze względów zdrowotnych zdecydował się na dobrowolną rezygnację z pełnionej godności. Zachowane źródła pozwalają dokładniej prześledzić, w jaki sposób odbywała się sukcesja władzy w państwie zakonnym w tak nadzwyczajnych okolicznościach. Umożliwiają również przyjrzenie się dalszym losom byłego już wielkiego mistrza – jego aktywności, zarówno w sprawach prywatnych, jak i państwowych (aż do śmierci 15 XII 1423 r.), a co za tym idzie, dają niepowtarzalną okazję do szukania odpowiedzi na pytania o zakres kompetencji, rolę i znaczenie byłych zwierzchników Zakonu w państwie krzyżackim w Prusach.
Księga zmarłych członków bractwa modlitewnego cieśli i młynarzy przy kościele dominikanów we Wrocławiu z XV i XVI wieku
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof
Published: December 2024

Artykuł dotyczy księgi zmarłych członków bractwa modlitewnego cieśli, młynarzy i przedstawicieli innych rzemiosł, które w drugiej połowie XV i początku XVI w. działało pod patronatem dominikanów z wrocławskiego klasztoru św. Wojciecha. Analiza zawartości tej księgi została uzupełniona jej edycją w Aneksie. Prezentowana praca ma znaczenie dla odtworzenia praktyk duszpasterskich wrocławskich dominikanów i społecznego zaplecza ich konwentu, a także prozopografii mieszkańców Wrocławia u schyłku średniowiecza.
Między metodologią a metodo-ideo-logią historii. Nad podręcznikowym Wprowadzeniem do metodologii historii
Authors: Stróżyk Paweł
Published: December 2024

Między metodologią a metodo-ideo-logią historii. Nad podręcznikowym Wprowadzeniem do metodologii historii
Logan Medallist 9. Geological Studies in the Northern Appalachian Orogen – Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Barr Sandra M.
Published: December 2024

The northern Appalachian orogen played a pivotal role in early geological studies of mountain belts. Its 100-year global influence as the “type area” for the Hall-Dana geosynclinal theory aptly changed focus with Tuzo Wilson’s classic 1966 paper that posed (and answered) the question “Did the Atlantic Close and Then Re-open?” and led to the modern view of global tectonics based on the “Wilson Cycle”. In retrospect, these early ideas about mountain-building were much hindered by lack of factual details. The 1978 map of the Appalachian Orogen compiled and hand-drawn by Harold Williams and his students was and remains an outstanding example of geological artwork, although the actual complexity of the orogen that it depicts was barely imagined. However, the tectonic elements and along-orogen correlations that it established still form the essence of our current models, but now supported by an abundance of geological information collected steadily during the last decades of the 20th century and then accelerated by technological advances during the past 25 years. Examples include the Global Positioning System to provide accurate locations, enhanced geochemical and geophysical methods, computers and the Internet in general, and the development of accurate and precise absolute dating techniques, especially U–Pb dating of zircon. Appalachian studies now cover a spectrum from small areas investigated in detail to orogen-wide and global-scale interpretations that track Appalachian components back to their origins. We now know orders of magnitude more about the orogen than anyone could have imagined in 1978. Not surprisingly all that new knowledge has resolved many of the questions that were being asked in the 1970s but also not surprisingly, many more questions have arisen. It seems that every new map, new interpretation, or new model challenges us with new questions. It appears unlikely that geoscientists will ever be able to sit back and say “All done. We understand everything”.
Introducción al número monografico: un canon literario social. Del método al tema y del tema al método.
Authors: Martín Ezpeleta Antonio , Regueiro Salgado Begoña
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo refexiona sobre los tres conceptos que integran el sintagma “un canon
literario social”, que sirve como introducción a los planteamientos teórico-metodológicos de otro
sintagma que subsume al anterior: “educación literaria”. Esta especulación teórica se completa
con la presentación de los trabajos que integran el monográfco “Un canon literario social para la
educación y comunicación del siglo XXI”, que sirve perfectamente al objetivo de ilustrar los nuevos
modos y maneras o, desde otro punto de vista, los nuevos temas y problemas que la educación
actual precisa y reclama.
El compromiso ideológico en la prosa de María Teresa León: a prisión política en Latinoamérica y España (con dos textos olvidados).
Authors: Ezama Gil Angeles
Published: December 2024

El viaje americano de María Teresa León con Rafael Alberti en 1935 es también el
origen de la presencia de las prisiones en la prosa de la escritora, que comienza con el artículo “The
revolt in Asturias” (1935) y termina en Memoria de la Melancolía (1970), pasando por el cuento,
la novela e incluso el teatro; son literatura testimonial o evocaciones literarias de las cárceles, a
veces en forma alegórica (La libertad en el tejado) o metafórica (“El caballo grande de Martín
García”); en todo caso, un claro ejemplo del profundo compromiso de la autora con su tiempo. Son
prisiones latinoamericanas y españolas de las que la escritora ofrece imágenes inspiradas a veces en
la experiencia personal (v.gr. Cuba), pero casi siempre en testimonios escritos (memorias, prensa,
poesía) u orales (v.gr. Venezuela) ajenos. Prisiones políticas y literatura carcelaria van de la mano en ambos continentes, más temprana esta y más desarrollada en Latinoamérica que en España entre
los disidentes del régimen .
De lo público y lo privado. «Zonas comunes» (2011) en la trayectoria poética de Almudena Guzmán.
Authors: Payeras Grau María
Published: December 2024

Este artículo aborda de forma general la obra de Almudena Guzmán en un primer
apartado, para centrarse en la segunda parte en su libro Zonas comunes (2011). En relación a este
libro se analizan varios bloques de analogías que, considerados unitariamente, constituyen un
relato acerca de la realidad social contemporánea. La distribución del que, hasta ahora, es el último
poemario de Almudena Guzmán en dos grandes bloques —“De lo público” y “De lo privado”—
correspondientes a las dos grandes esferas organizativas de la sociedad civil invita a calibrar el
trasvase entre estas dos “zonas” a partir de la temática abordada por la autora. Siendo común la
consideración de que lo público —en su acepción que lo describe como relativo a la colectividad—
gana peso en la obra guzmaniana a partir de El príncipe rojo (2005) y se consolida en Zonas
comunes, este artículo aborda de manera especial la lectura del relato subyacente en el apartado
del libro que se dedica, justamente, a “lo público”. Esta refexión, no obstante, se enmarca en un
análisis general de la poética de esta autora que, de forma profunda, cuestiona la dicotomía público/
privado mediante un discurso que, a partir de un sustrato temático sentimental —y, por ello mismo,
asentado en la esfera de la privacidad— desestabiliza, ya desde su poética más temprana, los roles
genéricos patriarcales y, con ello, transfere la privacidad a una esfera de debate público.
Un continente da manuale: tassonomie della contraddizione nell'Africa del dopoguerra
Authors: Galli Jacopo , De Dominicis Filippo
Published: December 2024

Obiettivo del contributo è offrire una interpretazione dell’architettura e della città nell’Africa sub-Sahariana attraverso la lente dei manuali redatti a partire dal Secondo dopoguerra, quando la formazione del sistema-mondo, e l’ingresso del continente africano al suo interno, aprì a nuove forme di egemonia e dipendenza. Si procederà all’esame di tre casi studio: Village Housing in the Tropics with Special Reference to West Africa, di Edwin Maxwell Fry e Jane Drew (1947); Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones, sempre di Fry e Drew (1964); e Manual of Tropical Housing and Building: Climatic design, di Otto Koenigsberger (1964). Attraverso l’analisi comparata dei tre casi si tenterà di descrivere la logica equivoca del manuale: post-politica e contestualmente organica al dettato della modernizzazione; attenta ai localismi eppure federativa; capace di rispondere alle ambizioni dei singoli e al tempo stesso funzionale all’implementazione di politiche di controllo collettivo.
The Potential of Foreign Language Lessons as a Platform for Developing Adolescents’ Intercultural Competence
Authors: Boichuk Valentyna
Published: December 2024

The article explores the potential of foreign language lessons as a platform for developing adolescents’ intercultural competence. The methodological foundations of the research are presented, incorporating a synthesis of principles from various scientific approaches: systemic, cultural, axiological, student-centered, competency-based, and subject-activity approaches. The concept of "potential" is clarified. Emphasis is placed on normative and legal documents at the state and corporate levels that regulate the study of foreign languages in general secondary education institutions. General didactic and specific principles prioritized in the context of forming adolescents' intercultural competence are identified. The article highlights the most appropriate and effective methods for teaching foreign languages and fostering cultural competence in adolescents, including direct methods (action-based and audiovisual methods) and combined methods (communicative, linguo-sociocultural, communicative-game methods). The potential of exercise-based methods in developing adolescents’ intercultural competence is characterized. It is determined that the most effective lessons for developing adolescents’ intercultural competence are those aimed at forming speech skills for using language materials, developing communication skills, as well as non-traditional English lessons.
Competence and competency: analysis, correlation of concepts in the educational space
Authors: Taranets Alyona
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the views of scientists on the problem of introducing the competence approach, to the definition of the essence of the concepts “competence” and “competency” based on the analysis of their relationship and demarcation in the educational and scientific space of Ukraine. The theoretical foundations of the interpretation of the concepts of “competence” and “competency” were studied, it was concluded that the opinions of the authors differ: on the one hand, the concepts are considered identical and synonymous, on the other hand, they are distinct and specific. It has been established that the concepts of “competence” and “competency” have in common the understanding of such characteristics as systematicity, integrability, social and personal significance, integrity of the educational result. The problems of the comparative analysis of the concepts of “competence” and “competency” in the conditions of reforming the educational space are identified. It is noted that the real result of acquiring competence is competency, which, unlike competence, implies a personal characteristic, an employee's attitude to the subject of activity. Competences can be derived as real requirements for professional and industry abilities and knowledge, methods of activity, experience of creative activity, attitudes to life values.
The specifics of using a child-centered approach in teaching a foreign language at secondary education institutions
Authors: Shekhavtsova Svitlana
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the issue of implementing a child-centered approach in secondary education institutions in foreign language teaching. It is emphasized that the implementation of a child-centered approach within the general secondary education system plays a significant role in promoting the development and improvement of the national education system in Ukraine. The child-centered methodology involves the idea that students have the freedom to choose what they want to learn and how they want to study. They acquire knowledge through the accumulation and synthesis of information, which is subsequently integrated with general research skills, communication abilities, and critical thinking. In this context, the author examines the historical development of child-centered ideas in domestic and international pedagogy. The author highlights the key principles of implementing the childcentered approach, such as responsibility, involvement, equality of relations, and new experiences. Five key characteristics of the child-centered approach are also presented: the approach engages students in a comprehensive learning process, includes explicit training in critical thinking and problem-solving skills, fosters critical thinking ability, encourages reflection on learning and its implications, motivates students through a sense of control over their learning, and promotes collaboration and trust between students and teachers. Implementing a child-centered approach to foreign language teaching promotes the creation of a collaborative learning environment, where students learn from each other and the teacher benefits from their insights. This approach results in an effective learning environment that fosters mutual responsibility and encourages students’ independence.
The role of multilingualism in the professional training of specialists in international relations in the context of European and Euro-Atlantic integration
Authors: Vasyk Valeriia
Published: December 2024

The article explores the key role of multilingualism in the professional training of international relations specialists in the context of European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The effective strategies for integrating multilingual and intercultural competencies into educational programs are identified to better prepare professionals for the complexities of global diplomacy and cooperation. Multilingualism is described as the ability of an individual or community to use and understand multiple languages. It includes individual multilingualism, community multilingualism, educational multilingualism and professional multilingualism. It is noted that the European Union is a unique political and economic union where linguistic diversity is a core value. It is emphasized that with 24 official languages, the EU demonstrates its commitment to preserving the linguistic heritage of its member states. EU institutions need multilingual staff to manage communications, prepare documents and conduct diplomatic relations. This article analyses how EU higher education institutions have integrated multilingual education into their international relations programs, recognizing the importance of language skills in global diplomacy. The article also looks at examples of Ukrainian universities that have introduced multilingual training into their courses to prepare students for working in an international environment and to promote a better understanding of cultural differences and regional perspectives.
Civic consciousness in the future lawyers’ system of values
Authors: Serhiienko Anfisa
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to a theoretical study of the issue of formation of civic consciousness of future lawyers to enhance their value and meaning competence. The purpose is to determine the essence of civic consciousness of future lawyers and the appropriate organizational and pedagogical means for its formation in the process of master’s training. The following theoretical scientific methods were used: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, synthesis of the information obtained to determine the essence of the issue under study, comparison of approaches of other researchers of the problem. The article considers civic consciousness in relation to civic education and civic consciousness formation. The importance of forming civic consciousness, which should be carried out in accordance with the current Concept of Civic Education in Ukraine, is substantiated. A scheme of civic education has been developed, in which the three basic components of civic education are divided into separate components that are interrelated. In connection with the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the article examines the involvement of future lawyers in civic activism in favor of the soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the population affected by the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The study highlights the practical experience of forming civic consciousness at the Department of Fundamental and Branch Legal Sciences of the Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University of Kyiv. Particular attention is paid to the participation of students in social events and charitable activities, as well as the introduction of volunteer activities in the process of master’s training. The positive impact of proposed measures on the civic consciousness formation is emphasized. The results of the study will contribute to the improvement of the formation of value and semantic competence of future lawyers in the process of master’s training.
Medial funiculi furcata: a rare umbilical cord alteration
Authors: Correa-Molano Fernando , Franco-Olaya Mariana , Vargas-Arrazola Camilo , Delgado-Alvarez Cristina , Benavides-Prada Gabriela , Olaya-C Mercedes
Published: December 2024

The umbilical cord is important for fetal life, newborn prognosis and fetal programming of adult disease. It is important to understand its anatomical features and how they relate to perinatal outcomes. Literature has described anatomical abnormalities in the umbilical cord in relation to the number of vessels, coiling direction, number and depth of coils, insertion, knots, length, diameter, entanglement and constrictions. Each feature represents a potential risk for fetal and neonatal prognosis. This article presents two case studies with unusual anatomical abnormalities of the umbilical cord, the first in a 34-week newborn and the other in a 14-week malformed fetus, both with a partial medial membranous separation of the umbilical cord vascular structures. The unusual macroscopic anatomical abnormalities in these cases were classed as medial funiculi furcata.
Paternal postpartum depression: emotional and social availability for women in the early postnatal period
Authors: Clyde Victoria , Lawther Lorna
Published: December 2024

Midwives are in an optimum position to address the mental health of new fathers and paternal perinatal mental health is a recognised concern. However, the mechanisms that exist to recognise, escalate and intervene appropriately are limited in scope and effectiveness. Screening tools may have the potential to identify fathers at risk of postpartum depression, but they are limited in sensitivity and specificity, meaning that when there may be deterioration in a partner's mental health, diagnosis may not follow. This has implications for the health and wellbeing of the family, especially if male partners are relied upon as the mainstay of emotional and social support for women in the early postnatal period. To actualise strategies to address these issues, changes in policy, education and practice are required. Recommendations for research, education and patient engagement are made to assure early intervention and to ensure that emotional and social support in the family is optimised.
Recognising and caring for premature neonates
Authors: Blyth Jessica
Published: December 2024

When a puppy or kitten is born prematurely, it is fragile and highly susceptible to hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and infections. Their organs are often underdeveloped, and most require human intervention to survive. Each day of prematurity in a kitten or puppy is equivalent to one week of prematurity in a human. Premature neonates often cannot nurse adequately, leading to a rapid decline in their condition. Following pre-term labour, dams are often less attentive and may experience little to no lactation. In some cases, neonates may be full-term but underdeveloped as a result of maternal factors that have stunted fetal growth. This article outlines methods for identifying and distinguishing these cases, while emphasising the importance of veterinary professionals recognising and adopting the most appropriate care procedures to improve the survival chances of the neonates.
Policy Spotlight
Authors: Nghai Nicholas
Published: December 2024

This regular feature aims to provide key political news in relation to oral health and an update on FDS policy activities.
Additively manufactured subperiosteal jaw implants (AMSJI®) for the edentulous patient
Authors: Slade Adam , Aps Johan , Cascarini Luke
Published: December 2024

With advances in dental technology, even severe edentulism can now be managed effectively with groundbreaking solutions like AMSJI®, redefining treatment options.
Beyond ‘Community Craft Specialisation’ in Prehistoric Mainland Southeast Asian Metallurgy: Copper Smelting Behaviours at Khao Sai On, Nil Kham Haeng, Non Pa Wai, Phromthin Tai, and Tha Kae in Central Thailand
Authors: Cadet Mélissa , Pryce T. O. , Ciarla Roberto , Rispoli Fiorella , Venunan Pira , Lertcharnrit Thanik , Iizuka Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2024

abstract: Archaeology in Lopburi Province has been under long-term development since the 1970s and has led to the discovery of Khao Wang Prachan Valley (KWPV) as one of three currently known primary copper production (mining and smelting) sites in Southeast Asia. However, since the 1980s, archaeometallurgical research has focused mainly on the two sites of Non Pa Wai (NPW) and Nil Kham Haeng (NKH), dated from the Neolithic (ca. 1800 B.C.) to Early Iron Age (ca. 2300 B.C.), that are known to have large sequences of archaeological material linked to copper production. Although other sites with evidence of copper production are known in this restricted geographical area, their assemblages have not previously been subjected to archaeometric study. This article discusses the results of archaeometallurgical analyses of slags from Khao Sai On (KSO), Tha Kae (TK), and Phromthin Tai (PTT) with sequences dated during the Middle-Late Iron Age. Slag analysis reveals that different smelting behaviours were occurring at these sites. One heterogeneous smelting behaviour at Khao Sai On was probably linked to a smaller community practicing metallurgy amongst other activities, whilst Phromthin Tai shows more homogeneous production linked to a larger settlement. Although these three sites are located within 26 km of each other, smelters were probably exploiting different local copper deposits around KWPV. The results seem to support a community-based type of production where production behaviours are linked to local geology, technical competence, and intensity of exploitation.
Japanese Oracle Bone Divinations during the Yayoi to Heian Periods: A Review of Studies of the Last Seventy Years
Authors: Shen Jie , Brunson Katherine , Flad Rowan
Published: December 2024

abstract: Although often thought to be mostly relevant to Bronze Age China, oracle bone divination also has a rich history in Japan, primarily documented through literature and ethnographic records. In recent decades, the discovery of oracle bones spanning from the Early Yayoi (1000–400 b.c.) to Heian (a.d. 794–1185) periods has opened new avenues for research in pyro-osteomancy. These archaeological findings provide fresh perspectives on the social and cultural influences on oracle bone divination in Japan and East Asia more broadly. In this study, we review the historical, ethnographic, and archaeological studies of oracle bone divination in Japan, offering a comprehensive overview of divination practices and their broader significance.
Predictive factors for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in children and young people in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farrier Christian E. , Wanat Marta , Harnden Anthony , Paterson Amy , Roberts Nia , Saatci Defne , Hirst Jennifer
Published: December 2024

Background

Coeliac Disease (CD) often has its onset in childhood and affects 1% of the population. This review aimed to identify important predictive factors for coeliac disease in children and young people which could help GPs decide when to offer testing.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library to April 2024. Included studies were observational or randomized trials reporting the risk of CD when exposed to predictive factor(s) in people ≤25 years of age. Genetic factors were excluded. Risk of Bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta-analysis was performed for factors reported in ≥5 studies to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) or standardized mean differences (SMD).

Results

Of 11,623 unique abstracts, 183 were included reporting on 140+ potentially associated factors. Meta-analyses of 28 factors found 14 significant associations with CD diagnosis: having type 1 diabetes (OR 8.70), having a first degree relative with coeliac disease (OR 5.19), being of white ethnicity (OR 2.56), having thyroid disease (OR 2.16), being female (OR 1.53), more frequent gastroenteritis in early childhood (OR 1.48), having frequent respiratory infections in early childhood (OR 1.47), more gluten ingestion in early life (OR 1.25), having more infections in early life (OR 1.22), antibiotic use in early childhood (OR 1.21), being born in the summer (OR 1.09), breastfeeding (OR 0.79) older age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (OR 0.64), and heavier weight (SMD -0.21). The final three were associated with lower risk of CD diagnosis.

Discussion

This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive factors for CD in children. Amongst the 14 factors we identified that were significant, three were potentially modifiable: breast feeding, antibiotic use and amount of gluten ingestion in early childhood. This work could inform the development of clinical support tools to facilitate the early diagnosis of CD.
Cyclosporine A causes gingival overgrowth via reduced G1 cell cycle arrest in gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Takeuchi Reiri , Nomura Takatoshi , Yaguchi Manabu , Kuwahara Noriko , Amino Yuta , Taguchi Chieko , Suzuki Itaru , Suzuki Haruka , Nagashima Teruaki , Arikawa Kazumune , Okada Yuichiro , Nomoto Takato , Hiratsuka Koichi
Published: December 2024

Gingival overgrowth caused by cyclosporine A is due to increased fibroblast proliferation in gingival tissues. Cell cycle system balances proliferation and anti-proliferation of gingival fibroblasts and plays a role in the maintenance of its population in gingival tissues. When cells detect and respond to abnormalities (e.g. DNA damage), cell cycle progression is arrested in the G1 phase until the completion of damage restoration. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclosporine A on G1 cell cycle arrest and on its regulators in gingival fibroblasts to clarify the mechanism of cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth. Human gingival fibroblasts from healthy donors were cultured to semi-confluence and were then treated with or without 200 ng/mL (166 nM) cyclosporine A in D-MEM with 2% fetal bovine serum. Cell proliferation was assessed by counting total cell numbers. The distribution of cell cycle phases was assessed using flow cytometric analysis. The levels of mRNA and protein expression for cell cycle regulators were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Treatment with cyclosporine A markedly increased cell proliferation, inhibited G1 cell cycle arrest, significantly increased CDC25A and CYCLIN E1 mRNA expression levels, significantly decreased P21, SMAD3 and SMAD4 mRNA expression levels, significantly upregulated the protein expression levels of CDC25A, CYCLIN E1, pCDK2 and pRB1 and significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of P21, SMAD3 and SMAD4. Treatment with cyclosporine A also increased MYC and ATM mRNA expression levels and decreased CDK2, ATR, P27, P53 and RB1 mRNA expression levels but not significantly. These results demonstrate that cyclosporine A causes gingival overgrowth due to the following mechanism in gingival fibroblasts: cyclosporine A increases levels of phospho-CDK2 and CYCLIN E1 by upregulating CDC25A and downregulating P21 with the downregulation of SMAD3 and SMAD4, which results in the inhibition of G1 cell cycle arrest.
Being vulnerable with viewers: Exploring how medical YouTubers communicated about COVID-19 with the public
Authors: Chae Seung Woo , Hara Noriko , Shiroiya Harshit Rakesh , Chen Janice , Ogihara Ellen
Published: December 2024

This study explores COVID-19 communication between medical experts who upload YouTube videos related to health/medicine (hereinafter medical YouTubers) and their viewers. We investigated three specific elements: (1) how medical YouTubers’ use of words related to analytical thinking is associated with their viewers’ engagement, (2) how medical YouTubers’ use of different types of emotion is associated with their viewers’ engagement, and (3) the emotional alignment between medical YouTubers and their viewers. We collected 194 COVID-related video transcripts from five YouTube channels and 375,284 comments from those videos. We employed natural language processing to analyze the linguistic and emotional dimensions of these two text sets including analytical thinking, positive emotion, and negative emotion, the last of which was divided into anxiety, anger, and sadness. Additionally, three metrics provided by YouTube—the number of views, likes, and comments—were used as proxies representing user engagement. Our regression analysis results displayed that the medical YouTubers’ analytical thinking was positively associated with the number of views. Regarding emotion, anxiety was positively correlated with the number of likes and comments, while both positive emotion and anger were negatively associated with the number of views. Finally, both positive and negative emotions of medical YouTubers were found to be positively correlated with the corresponding emotions of their viewers. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed within the context of COVID-19.