bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latar Belakang “Perintah Diam” oleh Paulus bagi Perempuan dalam 1 Korintus 14:34-25
Authors: Frior Sihombing Aeron
Published: May 2021

Perempuan diperintahkan oleh Paulus untuk diam dalam pertemuan jemaat dalam 1 Korintus 14:34-35. Perintah diam bagi perempuan dalam pertemuan oleh Paulus sering digunakan untuk membatasi perempuan dalam partisipasi dalam pelayanan di jemaat Allah. Pertanyaan yang muncul apakah benar demikian maksud dari Paulus dan apakah konteks perintah diam tersebut dalam 1 Korintus 14:34-35? Perintah diam bukanlah  pembatasan peranan perempuan dalam partisipasi dalam pelayanan, melainkan sebagai penertiban kekacauan dalam ibadah jemaat di Korintus.
Pengembangan Kualifikasi dan Peran-Peran Pelayan Hamba Tuhan
Authors: P. Sahardjo Hadi
Published: May 2021

Tugas sebagai seorang hamba Tuhan adalah pelayanan yang sangat spesifik  dan unik, oleh karena melibatkan seluruh aspek kehidupannya, baik aspek spiritual, emosional, fisikal, psikologikal, intelektual maupun sosial. Itulah sebabnya maka seorang hamba Tuhan harus senantiasa mampu mengembangkan kualifikasi dan peran-perannya selaku pelayan Tuhan dan umat-Nya. Tanpa itu semua maka pelayanan yang dilakukannya hanya akan nampak berhasil secara luar, tetapi sebenarnya tidak berkualitas sebagaimana  yang diharapkan oleh Tuhan Yesus. Oleh karena itu tekad untuk terus mengembangkan diri menjadi sebuah keniscayaan. 

Tugas dan pelayanan hamba Tuhan adalah pekerjaan Tuhan sendiri melalui tangan manusia yang dipanggil untuk melayani-Nya. Karena itu seorang hamba Tuhan dalam menjalankan tugas pelayanannya harus mau meningkatkan keterampilannya dalam segala bidang. Lebih daripada itu seorang hamba Tuhan harus memiliki kesiapan untuk melayani secara full-time, full-lifedan full hearted.
Students Are Literate but They Do Not Read
Authors: Toby Jackson
Published: May 2021

A critique of scientific practice published in 2020 has convinced John Staddon that science is more deeply troubled than he had previously thought. From “p-value hacking,” “Least Publishable Unit” studies, and the replication crisis to publication bias, pc conformity, and outright fraud, there seems no end to the afflictions that beset the discipline.
Kipling, Orwell, and the Humanities
Authors: Custred Glynn
Published: May 2021

The comparison of English writers Rudyard Kipling and George Orwell, both born in India during the heyday of the British empire, provide a lesson in how the humanities can enrich and guide our lives. It is a lesson, too, in what is lost when brilliant works of the past are jettisoned for failing rigid ideological litmus tests.
Measurement report: High Contributions of Halohydrocarbon and Aromatic Compounds to Emissions and Chemistry of Atmospheric VOCs in Industrial Area
Authors: Mozaffar Ahsan , Zhang Yan-Lin , Lin Yu-Chi , Xie Feng , Fan Mei-Yi , Cao Fang
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components for tropospheric chemistry and air quality. We investigated ambient VOCs in an industrial area in Nanjing, China from July 2018 to May 2020. The total VOCs (TVOCs) concentration was 59.8 ± 28.6 ppbv during the investigation period. About twice TVOCs concentrations were observed in autumn (83 ± 20 ppbv) and winter (77.5 ± 16.8 ppbv) seasons compared to those in spring (39.6 ± 13.1 ppbv) and summer (38.8 ± 10.2 ppbv). Unlike previous studies in Nanjing, oxygenated-VOCs (OVOCs) and halohydrocarbons were measured, the observed TVOCs was about 1.5 and 3-times higher than those previously reported in the same study area and a nonindustrial suburban area in Nanjing, respectively. Observed TVOCs concentrations were similar to those in metropolitan city Beijing and Shanghai, however, it was about 1.5–3 folds higher than those in Lanzhou, Wuhan, Tianjin, Ningbo, Chengdu, London, Los Angeles, and Tokyo. Due to the industrial influence, halohydrocarbons (14.3 ± 7.3 ppbv, 24 %) VOC-group was the second largest contributor to the TVOCs after alkanes (21 ± 7 ppbv, 35 %), which is in contrast with the previous studies in Nanjing and also in almost other regions in China. Relatively high proportions of helohydrocarbons and aromatics were observed in autumn (25.7 and 19.3 %, respectively) and winter (25.8 and 17.6 %, respectively) compared to those in summer (20.4 and 11.8 %, respectively) and spring (20.3 and 13.6 %, respectively). According to the potential source contribution function (PSCF), short-distance transports from the surrounding industrial areas and cities were the main reason for high VOC concentration in the study area. According to positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results, industry-related sources (23–47 %) followed by vehicle emissions (24–34 %) contributed the major portion to the ambient VOC concentrations. Whereas aromatics followed by alkenes were the top contributors to the loss rate of OH radicals (LOH) (37 and 32 %, respectively), alkenes followed by aromatics contributed most to the ozone formation potential (OFP) (39 and 28 %, respectively). Besides, the aromatics VOC-group was also the major contributor to the secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) (97 %). According to the empirical kinetic modelling approach (EKMA) and relative incremental reactivity (RIR) analysis in assistance with a photochemical box model, the study area was in the VOC-sensitive regime for ozone (O3) formation during all the measurements seasons. Therefore, mainly alkenes and aromatics emissions chiefly from industries and automobiles should be reduced to decrease the secondary air pollution formation in the study area.
Analysis of recent lower-stratospheric ozone trends in chemistry climate models
Authors: Dietmüller Simone , Garny Hella , Eichinger Roland , Ball William T.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Recent observations show a significant decrease in lower-stratospheric (LS)
ozone concentrations in tropical and mid-latitude regions since 1998. By
analysing 31 chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations performed for the
Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI; Morgenstern et al., 2017), we find
a large spread in the 1998–2018 trend patterns between different CCMs and
between different realizations performed with the same CCM. The latter in
particular indicates that natural variability strongly influences LS ozone
trends. However none of the model simulations reproduce the observed ozone
trend structure of coherent negative trends in the LS. In contrast to the
observations, most models show an LS trend pattern with negative trends in the
tropics (20∘ S–20∘ N) and positive trends in the northern
mid-latitudes (30–50∘ N) or vice versa. To investigate the influence
of natural variability on recent LS ozone trends, we analyse the
sensitivity of observational trends and the models' trend probability
distributions for varying periods with start dates from 1995 to 2001 and
end dates from 2013 to 2019. Generally, modelled and observed LS trends
remain robust for these different periods; however observational data show a
change towards weaker mid-latitude trends for certain periods, likely forced
by natural variability. Moreover we show that in the tropics the observed
trends agree well with the models' trend distribution, whereas in the
mid-latitudes the observational trend is typically an extreme value of the
models' distribution. We further investigate the LS ozone trends for extended
periods reaching into the future and find that all models develop a positive
ozone trend at mid-latitudes, and the trends converge to constant values by the
period that spans 1998–2060. Inter-model correlations between ozone trends and transport-circulation trends confirm the dominant role of
greenhouse gas (GHG)-driven tropical upwelling enhancement on the tropical LS
ozone decrease. Mid-latitude ozone, on the other hand, appears to be
influenced by multiple competing factors: an enhancement in the shallow branch
decreases ozone, while an enhancement in the deep branch increases ozone, and,
furthermore, mixing plays a role here too. Sensitivity simulations with fixed
forcing of GHGs or ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) reveal that the
GHG-driven increase in circulation strength does not lead to a net trend in LS
mid-latitude column ozone. Rather, the positive ozone trends simulated
consistently in the models in this region emerge from the decline in ODSs,
i.e. the ozone recovery. Therefore, we hypothesize that next to the influence
of natural variability, the disagreement of modelled and observed LS
mid-latitude ozone trends could indicate a mismatch in the relative role of
the response of ozone to ODS versus GHG forcing in the models.
Stratospheric carbon isotope fractionation and tropospheric histories of CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113 isotopologues
Authors: Thomas Max , Laube Johannes C. , Kaiser Jan , Allin Samuel , Martinerie Patricia , Mulvaney Robert , Ridley Anna , Röckmann Thomas , Sturges William T. , Witrant Emmanuel
Published: May 2021

Abstract. We present novel measurements of the carbon isotope composition of CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), and CFC-113 (CF2ClCFCl2), three atmospheric trace gases that are important for both stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming. These measurements were carried out on air samples collected in the stratosphere – the main sink region for these gases – and on air extracted from deep polar firn snow. We quantify, for the first time, the apparent isotopic fractionation, ϵapp(13C), for these gases as they are destroyed in the high- and mid-latitude stratosphere: ϵapp(CFC-12, high-latitude) =(-20.2±4.4) ‰, and ϵapp(CFC-113, high-latitude) =(-9.4±4.4) ‰, ϵapp(CFC-12, mid-latitude) =(-30.3±10.7) ‰, and ϵapp(CFC-113, mid-latitude) =(-34.4±9.8) ‰. Our CFC-11 measurements were not sufficient to calculate ϵapp(CFC-11), so we instead used previously reported photolytic fractionation for CFC-11 and CFC-12 to scale our ϵapp(CFC-12), resulting in ϵapp(CFC-11, high-latitude) =(-7.8±1.7) ‰ and ϵapp(CFC-11, mid-latitude) =(-11.7±4.2) ‰. Measurements of firn air were used to construct histories of the tropospheric isotopic composition, δT(13C), for CFC-11 (1950s to 2009), CFC-12 (1950s to 2009), and CFC-113 (1970s to 2009), with δT(13C) increasing for each gas. We used ϵapp(high-latitude), which was derived from more data, and a constant isotopic composition of emissions, δE(13C), to model δT(13C, CFC-11), δT(13C, CFC-12), and δT(13C, CFC-113). For CFC-11 and CFC-12, modelled δT(13C) was consistent with measured δT(13C) for the entire period covered by the measurements, suggesting that no dramatic change in δE(13C, CFC-11) or δE(13C, CFC-12) has occurred since the 1950s. For CFC-113, our modelled δT(13C, CFC-113) did not agree with our measurements earlier than 1980. This discrepancy may be indicative of a change in δE(13C, CFC-113). However, this conclusion is based largely on a single sample and only just significant outside the 95 % confidence interval. Therefore more work is needed to independently verify this temporal trend in the global tropospheric 13C isotopic composition of CFC-113. Our modelling predicts increasing δT(13C, CFC-11), δT(13C, CFC-12), and δT(13C, CFC-113) into the future. We investigated the effect of recently reported new CFC-11 emissions on background δT(13C, CFC-11) by fixing model emissions after 2012 and comparing δT(13C, CFC-11) in this scenario to the model base case. The difference in δT(13C, CFC-11) between these scenarios was 1.4 ‰ in 2050. This difference is smaller than our model uncertainty envelope and would therefore require improved modelling and measurement precision as well as better quantified isotopic source compositions to detect.
Effects of Peatland Management on Aquatic Carbon Concentrations and Fluxes
Authors: Pickard Amy Elizabeth , Branagan Marcella , Billett Mike , Andersen Roxane , Dinsmore Kerry Jane
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Direct land to atmosphere carbon exchange has been the primary focus in previous studies of peatland disturbance and subsequent restoration. However, loss of carbon via the fluvial pathway is a significant term in peatland carbon budgets and requires consideration to assess the overall impact of restoration measures. This study aimed to determine the effect of peatland land management regime on aquatic carbon concentrations and fluxes in an area within the UK’s largest tract of blanket bog, the Flow Country of N. Scotland. Three sub catchments were selected to represent peatland land management types: non-drained, drained and restoration (achieved through drain blocking and tree-removal). Water samples were collected on a fortnightly basis from September 2008 to August 2010 at six sampling sites, one located upstream and one downstream within each sub catchment. Significant differences in DOC concentrations were observed between the upstream non-drained catchment and the drained catchments, and there was considerable variation in the speciation of aquatic carbon (DOC, DIC, POC, CO2 and CH4) across the monitoring sites. Aquatic carbon fluxes were highest from the drained catchments and lowest from the non-drained catchments at 25.6 and 10.4 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively, with variability between the upstream and downstream sites within each catchment very low. It is clear from both the aquatic carbon concentration and flux data that drainage has had a profound impact on the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of the peatland. In the restoration catchment, carbon export varied considerably, from 23.3 g C m−2 yr−1 at the upper site to 11.4 g C m−2 yr−1 at the lower site, largely due to differences in runoff generation. As a result of this hydrological variability it is difficult to make definitive conclusions about the impact of restoration on carbon fluxes and further monitoring is needed to corroborate the longer term effects.
SoDaH: the SOils DAta Harmonization database, an open-source synthesis of soil data from research networks, version 1.0
Authors: Wieder William R. , Pierson Derek , Earl Stevan , Lajtha Kate , Baer Sara G. , Ballantyne Ford , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Billings Sharon A. , Brigham Laurel M. , Chacon Stephany S. , Fraterrigo Jennifer , Frey Serita D. , Georgiou Katerina , de Graaff Marie-Anne , Grandy A. Stuart , Hartman Melannie D. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Johnson Chris , Kaye Jason , Kyker-Snowman Emily , Litvak Marcy E. , Mack Michelle C. , Malhotra Avni , Moore Jessica A. M. , Nadelhoffer Knute , Rasmussen Craig , Silver Whendee L. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Walker Xanthe , Weintraub Samantha
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Data collected from research networks present
opportunities to test theories and develop models about factors responsible
for the long-term persistence and vulnerability of soil organic matter
(SOM). Synthesizing datasets collected by different research networks
presents opportunities to expand the ecological gradients and scientific
breadth of information available for inquiry. Synthesizing these data is
challenging, especially considering the legacy of soil data that have
already been collected and an expansion of new network science initiatives.
To facilitate this effort, here we present the SOils DAta Harmonization
database (SoDaH; https://lter.github.io/som-website, last access: 22 December 2020), a flexible database designed to harmonize diverse SOM datasets from
multiple research networks. SoDaH is built on several network science
efforts in the United States, but the tools built for SoDaH aim to provide
an open-access resource to facilitate synthesis of soil carbon data.
Moreover, SoDaH allows for individual locations to contribute results from
experimental manipulations, repeated measurements from long-term studies,
and local- to regional-scale gradients across ecosystems or landscapes.
Finally, we also provide data visualization and analysis tools that can be
used to query and analyze the aggregated database. The SoDaH v1.0 dataset is
archived and available
at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/9733f6b6d2ffd12bf126dc36a763e0b4 (Wieder et al., 2020).
The thermal peak: A simple stream temperature metric at regional scale
Authors: Beaufort Aurélien , Diamond Jacob S. , Sauquet Eric , Moatar Florentina
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Spatiotemporally comprehensive stream temperature datasets are rare because interest in these data is relatively recent and there is little money to support instrumentation at regional or national scales. This lack of data has been recognized as a major limitation for understanding thermal regimes of riverine ecosystems. To overcome these barriers, we first aggregated one of the largest stream temperature databases on record with data from 1700 individual stations over nine years from 2009–2017 (n = 45,000,000 hourly measurements) across France (area = 552,000 km2). For each station, we calculated a simple, ecologically relevant metric–the thermal peak–that captures the magnitude of summer thermal extremes. We then used three statistical models to extrapolate the thermal peak to nearly every stream reach in France and Corsica (n = 105,800) and compared relative model performances among each other and with an air temperature proxy. In general, the hottest thermal peaks were found along major rivers, whereas the coldest thermal peaks were found along small rivers with forested riparian zones, strong groundwater inputs, and which were located in mountainous regions. Several key predictors of the thermal peak emerged, including drainage area, mean summer air temperature, minimum monthly specific discharge, and vegetation cover in the riparian zone. Despite differing predictor importance across model structures, we observed strong concordance among models in their spatial distributions of the thermal peak, suggesting its robustness as a useful metric at the subcontinental scale. However, air temperature was a poor proxy for the stream temperature thermal peak across nearly all stations and reaches, highlighting the growing need to measure and account for stream temperature in regional ecological studies.
Correlation Between Nitric Oxide and Urodynamics in Men With Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Cho Kang Jun , Koh Jun Sung , Choi Jin Bong , Park Sang Hi , Lee Weon Sun , Kim Joon Chul
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between nitric oxide (NO) and urodynamics in men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by analyzing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the urothelium.Methods: We prospectively enrolled 25 men who planned to undergo surgical treatment for benign prostatic obstruction and identified as BOO in the preoperative urodynamics. Bladder tissue was taken during surgical prostate resection. Expressions of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the urothelium were analyzed, and their correlation with urodynamic parameters was also assessed in all patients. We also compared the expressions of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS between BOO with detrusor underactivity (DU) group and BOO without DU group.Results: In all patients, the level of eNOS positively correlated with maximal flow rate and with maximum cystometric capacity (MCC). The level of iNOS positively correlated with MCC. nNOS levels were positively correlated with detrusor pressure at maximal flow and with bladder contractility index in all patients. The level of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS did not significantly differ between BOO without DU group and BOO with DU group.Conclusions: This study suggests that NO was correlated with bladder dysfunction in men with BOO. Particularly, nNOS may reflect the change in detrusor function.
Scientific Research Determinants of Faculty Members in Humanities
Authors:   Al-Istiqlal University, Palestine, Qashmar Ali Lutfe
Published: May 2021

Universities are major scientific and educational institutions, universities seek to achieve many goals in the academic, research and development of society, which has earned them importance in the field of scientific, technological and service progress; Universities provide scientific and educational research in all fields, this importance has forced universities to continuously strive to adapt and develop with the rapid growth in knowledge and technology.
The importance of training as a factor in increasing the efficiency and productivity of private sector employees in the UAE
Authors:   Master of Business Administration, College of Business and Economics, UAE University, United Arab Emirates, Al Qasimi Majid Ahmed
Published: May 2021

The research deals with the topic of training and its importance in the development of human resources, which is mainly responsible for increasing the efficiency and productivity of institutions for private-sector employees in the UAE. As both the training of the human factor and the productivity of institutions are the most prominent factors in the stability, continuity, and survival of the institution and its success. The research concluded to clarify the extent of the necessity represented by the training process, as the importance of training lies in giving the new employee the necessary skills to serve his intended duties satisfactorily and accurately. It also encourages and facilitates the capacity of new workers in a way that is in line with the needs of the work and thus performs the work well and thus increases the productivity of the enterprise.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Pediatricians to The Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines
Authors: Taşar Selin , Bal Yüksel Esra , Sağcan Derya , Karadağ Öncel Eda , Kara Aksay Ahu , Yılmaz Çİftdoğan Dilek
Published: May 2021

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. It is the cause of cervical cancer, and also causes many malignant, and benign diseases. Although it has an effectual vaccine, vaccination rates are still at an undesired level. In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of pediatricians about HPV vaccine. Method: A questionnaire consisting of 18 questions about HPV disease and vaccine was applied to pediatricians working in our hospital via face-to-face interviews. Demographic characteristics, duration of their working in the field of pediatrics, and some questions and suggestions about HPV disease and vaccine were included in the questionnaire. Results: Ninety-eight (66.6%) out of 147 pediatricians participated in the questionnaire survey..The median age of the participants was 30.5 years (min-max: 25-66), and they were consisted mostly (70.4%).of female pediatricians. In terms of distribution of their academic positions, 54 (55.1%) of them were working as pediatric residents. Only 15.3% of the participants had received HPV vaccine. When questions about the vaccine were analyzed, 94.9% of the participants knew that the HPV vaccine was not included in the national vaccination schedule, 64.3% knew the recommended vaccination age, and 84.7% knew that application gender of the vaccine. Some ( 60.2%) participants recommended HPV vaccine to their patients. When pediatricians were asked why they did not recommend the vaccine, according to their responses, the most important factor was the fact that had not sufficient knowledge about the vaccine (14.3%) and had not encountered a patient within the indication (14.3%).The vaccine recommendation rates of the vaccinated physicians were statistically significantly higher than unvaccinated physicians (p=0.028).There was no statistically significant difference between medical experience and recommendation for HPV vaccine beforehand and knowing the names of HPV vaccines (p=0.316, p=0.414, respectively). Conclusion: Although the overall attitude towards HPV vaccination was generally positive in our study, additional training should be provided to both pediatricians and healthcare professionals in order to achieve higher HPV vaccination coverage rates in Turkey.
The Effect of the Kyoto Protocol on Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Bese Emrah , Friday Haven Swint
Published: May 2021

In this study, the relationship between income and environmental degradation is discussed. In this study, the Kyoto Protocol is investigated by using Pooled Mean Group Estimator based on Error Correction Model by Pesaran, Shin and Smith, Cross-Sectional Augmented Distributed Lag estimator by Chudik et al. (2016), Cross-Sectional ARDL estimator based on ARDL model by Chudik et al. (2016) and Dynamic Common Correlated Effects Estimator model by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) to cover the gaps in the Environmental Kuznets Curve literature. Kyoto Protocol’s effects for developing countries and developed countries are analyzed for the period between 1980 and 2014, and 1971 and 2014, respectively. Since no significant relationship between GDP and CO2 is found for developed and developing countries in the analysis, it is concluded that Kyoto Protocol did not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions for the relevant countries in the study. This study contributes to the current literature by verifying no significant effect of Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions as compatible with most up-to-date studies. The limitations of this study are the studied countries and the period studied for these studied countries.
Development of project-based historical knowledge assessment instruments
Authors:   Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia, Supianto Supianto , Kumaidi Kumaidi ,   Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Indonesia, Suryono Yoyon
Published: May 2021

The history teacher is quite often using a project-based learning model to improve students' historical knowledge and skills. Unfortunately, this learning model is not supported by the availability of qualified assessment instruments. The limitations of project assessment instruments make teachers rely more on subjectivity in assessing student projects. Meanwhile, to assess historical knowledge, most teachers still use multiple choice and essay questions. Both types of assessments provide little information about students' abilities and are not sufficient as a basis for teachers to make decisions in the classroom. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an assessment instrument that can be used in assessing students' knowledge based on the project that they produce in project-based learning. This study aims to develop a project-based historical knowledge assessment instrument that has good evidence of validity and reliability that can be used to measure students' historical knowledge more precisely and more accurately. Historical knowledge is assessed based on six indicators: what, who, where, when, why, and how. The six indicators are described in a 12 item Likert scale. Based on these 12 items, students' historical knowledge was classified into four categories: very high, high, acceptable, and weak. The instrument was tested on 426 10th grade high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The test results data were used to analyze the characteristics of the instrument consisting of validity and reliability. The test results show that the instrument developed is valid and reliable, so it is suitable to be used to assess historical knowledge on a broader scale.
MOSAICOS, REFLEXOS E TRANSITIVIDADES DA HISTÓRIA DA PEDAGOGIA E DA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE NO BRASIL
Authors: Corrêa Derossi Caio , Carneiro Carvalho Thaís , Marcílio Ferreira Karen Laíssa , Ladeira Fonseca Karla Helena , Machado Gomes Ana Paula
Published: May 2021

O presente ensaio teórico de abordagem qualitativa e naturezas bibliográfica e documental, propõe a partir de uma análise histórica em longa duração, do fim do período imperial, nos ritos do século XIX até a primeira década do século XXI, compreender os processos sociais, políticos, econômicos e históricos que permearam a constituição do campo da formação de professores, com especial atenção para a Pedagogia. Nesse sentido, a partir dos estudos da literatura especializada e de documentos legais que versavam sobre o histórico da formação de professores, sobre o curso de Pedagogia e os parâmetros formativos, discutiu-se os percursos históricos do desenvolvimento profissional do pedagogo, considerando as interfaces entre os desafios e os limites de suas formações, frente aos contextos profissionais específicos da sua atuação. Ao fim, aponta-se para a necessidade de se repensar o curso de Pedagogia, observando o compromisso social da profissão e a primazia da formação humana perante a outros interesses.
UM ESTUDO A LUZ DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR: POSSIBILIDADES E DESAFIOS DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Do Valle Freitas Maycon Anderson , Martins Pablo Luiz , De Oliveira Alvarenga Franciane
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho levantaremos questões referente a Participação Popular e sua relação com a Administração Pública, seu histórico, desenvolvimento e possibilidades. Enquanto objetivo geral, buscamos debater sobre os institutos jurídicos que asseguram a participação popular na Administração Pública, mas não somente de doutrina jurídica, mas multidisciplinar, com lócus voltado às discussões da ciência administrativa, ciência política e sociológica. No plano da Administração Pública, verifica-se a criação de novas formas de atuação, inspiradas no postulado da democracia participativa, que alteram a relação não só com os administrados, mas também com seus próprios agentes e com sua estrutura hierárquica. Buscaremos uma abordagem que conceitualize, procedimente e trace diretrizes e discussões em um plano geral de elaboração de uma boa revisão de literatura. Por fim podemos verificar que a participação popular no âmbito da Administração Pública pode promover uma estruturação democrática por meio de processos que envolvem diálogos e decisões mútuas, visando assim o aumento no nível de eficiência e eficácia dos serviços por ela prestados, ampliando as dimensões do Bem-Estar coletivo e justiça social e transparência da própria atuação na administração dos recursos de cunho político, econômico e social.
ENSINO REMOTO NA PANDEMIA: PROPOSTA DE DESIGN INSTRUCIONAL A PARTIR DE ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Dornelas Myriam , Campos Cláudia , Martins Viviane
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em identificar os Estilos de Aprendizagem de alunos matriculados na disciplina Gestão e Rotinas de Recursos Humanos de um Curso Técnico em Administração de uma instituição pública federal e propor o Design Instrucional para a modalidade de ensino remoto em função da Pandemia do Novo Coronavírus. Metodologicamente, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho descritivo a partir de um estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário fechado (N-ILS - New Index of Learning Styles). Concluiu que os principais estilos de aprendizagem da turma foram voltados para os polos Sensitivo, Verbal, Reflexivo e Sequencial, que teve o design instrucional criado com atividades proporcionais aos Estilos identificados nessa turma.
O PROFESSOR CRÍTICO-REFLEXIVO: ALTERNATIVAS PARA A SUPERAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO TECNICISTA
Authors: Da Silva Lopes Mario Allan , Costa de Menezes Thayanne Cristinne
Published: May 2021

Este artigo objetiva discutir alternativas para superar a visão tecnicista dos professores construída na educação básica, observando também a vivência no seu processo de formação no ensino superior. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica que dialoga com Monteiro (2015), Oliveira (2016), Domingo (2012), entre outros. A democratização da educação é uma busca incessante do professor critico-reflexivo em suas práticas pedagógicas, que por vezes entra em conflito com a hegemonia político-educacional. Através do diálogo com outros autores, espera-se assim contribuir para a superação de uma educação tecnicista, que exclui, julga e marginaliza, principalmente, os mais desfavorecidos da sociedade brasileira.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI N-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT dan AIR DAUN LEUNCA (Solanum nigrum L) TERHADAP BAKTERI (Staphylococus aureus dan Escherichia coli)
Authors: Pinarsi Emilda
Published: May 2021

Penyakit infeksi atau penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme merupakan penyakit yang banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Menurut laporan WHO penyakit infeksi merupakan penyebab kematian terbesar pada anak-anak dan orang dewasa dengan jumlah kematian lebih dari 13 juta jiwa setiap tahun, serta menempati urutan kedua (25%) setelah kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit kardiovaskular (31%) dari 53,9 juta kasus penyebab kematian di dunia dan menjadi penyebab kematian utama pada anak dibawah umur 4 tahun.Pencegahan terhadap serangan infeksi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan antibiotik seiring dengan meningkatnya resistensi bakteri di dunia kesehatan maka perlu adanya penemuan obat baru. Sumber antibakteri baru dapat diperoleh dari senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam suatu tumbuhan salah satunya dari daun leunca (solanum nigrum l) senyawa aktif alkaloid, saponin, tannin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid dan glikosida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam fraksi etil asetat daun leunca dan mengetahui mekanisme aksi sebagai inhibitor pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Tahap awal dimulai dengan metode maserasi, kemudian dilakukan pemisahan senyawa berdasarkan tingkat kepolaran dengan fraksinasi. Hasil fraksinasi diujikan ke bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus.  Fraksi n-heksan daun leunca memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hal tersebut dapat dilahat dari hasil pengukuran rata-rata zona hambat yaitu fraksi n-heksan dengan konsentrasi 60 uqKata kunci: Daun leunca, Antibakteri, Solanum Nigrum L
PENETAPAN KADAR NITRIT (NO2-) PADA BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SINAR TAMPAK
Authors: Emawati Emma
Published: May 2021

Bawang merah merupakan umbi yang banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat Indonesia baik sebagai bahan makanan maupun obat tradisional karena kandungan senyawa yang dimilikinya. Selain senyawa bermanfaat, bawang merah juga memiliki senyawa berbahaya bagi tubuh yaitu nitrit (NO2-). Nitrit yang berlebih dalam tubuh menyebabkan pembentukan methemoglobin sehingga menyebabkan kurangnya asupan oksigen dalam tubuh. Untuk menjamin keamanan pangan, pemerintah mengatur batas aman nitrit melalui ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) dan menetapkan sebesar 0–0,06 mg/Kg BB. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jumlah nitrit dalam sampel bawang merah sesuai dengan ADI. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri sinar tampak dengan pereaksi griess yang didasarkan pada reaksi diazotasi antara asam nitrit dengan amin aromatis primer yang akan membentuk garam diazonium. Validasi metode dilakukan dengan beberapa parameter seperti liniertitas dengan nilai R2 =0,9886, BD= 0,1908 µg/mL, BK= 0,6360 µg/mL, akurasi dengan nilai % recovery konsentrasi 0,6 µg/mL =115,625 %, 0,8 µg/mL =104,524 % dan 1 µg/mL =118,175%,  presisi dengan nilai % koefisien variasi hari ke 1= 4,7468% ke 2= 3,6314%, ke 3= 1,1704% dan uji selektivitas menunjukkan metode selektif untuk nitrit. Penetapan kadar nitrit pada sampel bawang merah  diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 4,0337 µg/g .
Antibacterial Activity Test of Trema orientalis L. Blumae (Anggrung) Granule Extract Against Bacteria Salmonella sp with The Wet Granulation Method
Authors: Wijaya Ewaldo Bonaventura
Published: May 2021

Diarrhea is a cause of increasing mortality in infants and toddlers around the world.  Diarrhea is a dangerous disease because it causes death and makes a case of outbreak.  In Indonesia, the Trema orientalis L. plant is known as Anggrung.  Trema orientalis L. leaves contain tannins especially polyphenols which have the ability to retain potassium which can cure ongoing diuresis.  This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Anggrung leaves as an antidiarrheal drug caused by bacteria that cause diarrhea, namely Salmonella sp and the preparation of granules from leaves of Trema orientalis L. (Anggrung) which can inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp.  and become an antidiarrheal drug.  The results of the research carried out namely the leaf extract of Trema orientalis L. (Anggrung) has a strong inhibitory power due to the high concentration of the extract used.  And for leaf granules Trema orientalis L. (Anggrung) preparations have a strong inhibitory power because the composition of the extract used is greater so it forms a large inhibitory zone.  From the research conducted it can be concluded that the antibacterial testing of extracts and leaf granules preparations of Trema orientalis L. (Anggrung) has antibacterial activity.
Ética profesional en el ejercicio del derecho
Authors: Olmeda García Marina del Pilar
Published: May 2021

Esta obra fue creada con el objetivo de apoyar en la formación de la profesión jurídica. En su contenido, el libro integra el marco teórico, los fundamentos y referencias contextuales de la ética profesional, con el fin de aportar a la educación en esta área del conocimiento y así facilitar en los alumnos la interiorización de los sustentos éticos, a la vez de que sean capaces de aplicarlos en su vida personal y en su desempeño profesional. En su estructura, la obra se sistematiza en tres ejes temáticos. El primero de ellos, compuesto por cinco unidades, está referido a una revisión general de la ética. En el segundo, subdividido en tres unidades, se examina la ética profesional en su desarrollo teórico y sustentos normativos. Se concluye con un tercer apartado de cuatro unidades concerniente al análisis de los principios, valores y elementos de la ética profesional en el ejercicio de la ciencia jurídica. Esta obra se constituyó desde su primera edición en el libro de texto de la asignatura de Ética Profesional de la licenciatura en Derecho, no solo de las facultades de Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, sino de un buen número de universidades de otras entidades federativas, particularmente del noroeste de México.
Narrow-Band Survey of Star Forming Regions
Authors: Movsessian T. A. , Magakian T. Yu. , Dodonov S. N. , Andreasyan H. R.
Published: May 2021

We present the results of a narrow-band H and [S II] imaging survey of the star-forming regions in Galaxy. Main tasks of this survey are the search and the studies of the new Herbig-Haro objects and collimated outflows, which are the main indicators of active processes of star formation. Besides, the eruptive stars of very rare types: FUors, EXors, UXors will be searched as well. As the main targets of this survey the R associations, young stellar objects associated with compact reflection nebulae as well as the deeply embedded infrared sources in molecular clouds are selected. Observations are performed with 1-m Schmidt telescope at Byurakan Observatory, which is equipped with modern CCD detector. We plan to significantly expand the list of HH objects by using the high quantum efficiency of this system as well as the telescope's high focal ratio (F/2), which allows detecting low surface brightness objects, and its large field of view.
Biokimia Dasar: Pencernaan dan Absorbsi Makanan
Authors:   Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Rinidar Rinidar , Isa M. ,   Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: May 2021

Buku ajar biokimia ini, dapat menjadi referensi bagi mahasiswa kedokteran hewan, peternakan, biologi dan program studi lain yang berkaitan, dalam mempelajari biokimia terutama menyangkut tentang bahan makanan, perjalanan bahan makanan mulai dicerna sampai diabsorbsi dan di metabolisme di dalam tubuh manusia dan hewan.
Pengantar Akuakultur
Authors:   Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, ZA. Muchlisin
Published: May 2021

Buku Pengantar Akuakultur ini merupakan kumpulan bahan ajar (Buku Ajar) yang berisikan pengetahuan prinsip-prinsip dasar bagi mahasiswa di Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan atau program studi terkait lainnya, antara lain pengetahuan tentang perkembangan akuakultur, jenis-jenis teknologi akuakultur, pengelolaan dan pembuatan pakan buatan, pengelolaan kualitas air, hama dan penyakit dan analisis usaha yang disarikan dari berbagai sumber dan hasil-hasil penelitian baik penulis sendiri maupun para pakar budidaya lainnya. Kami berharap buku ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca sekalian terutama bagi mahasiswa dan peminat akuakultur, namun demikian kami menyadari masih banyak kelemahan dan ketidak lengkapan isi buku ini, oleh karena itu saran dan kritikan yang bersifat membangun sangat kami harapkan dari pembaca agar buku ini dapat kami sempurnakan kembali di masa mendatang.
A Review on Novel vesicular systems for enhanced Oral bioavailability of Lipophilic drugs
Authors: Kumar Lakavath Sunil
Published: May 2021

The poor oral bioavailability of many drugs is mainly due to the poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability and pre-absorptive metabolism. Numerous approaches have been developed for enhancement of oral bioavailability and were currently in the clinical application. Even though, some drugs not meet the required clinical application due to the patient compliance and ineffective therapeutic levels. Vesicular delivery systems are considered as alternative delivery for the enhancement the bioavailability of this category of drugs. The enhanced bioavailability of the liphophilic drugs from the vesicular systems mainly due to the increased effective surface area of the drug in the presence of lipids, surfactants and co surfactants, enhanced lymphatic uptake, altered gastric motility and by virtue of their small particle size. Extensive literature is available for the properties, applications, and preparation and evaluation methods. This review mainly dealt with the reported drug loaded various vesicular systems such as liposomes, niosomes, lipid nanoparticles, self-emulsifying delivery system, nanosuspensions.
Natural and Modified Excipients in Novel Drug Delivery System: A Review
Authors: Ingle Vidyaranee B , Potdar Sandhya S , Mhetre Raksha L , Kulkarni Nilesh S , Dhole Shashikant N
Published: May 2021

Modification of existing natural excipients has gain special attention in pharmaceutical industry and excipient technology for development of novel dosage forms with added functionality with the use of single multiple functionality excipient rather than using different excipients. It involves mixing and physical modification of two or more excipient to obtain desired functionality. The current review discusses about the importance of modified excipients modification methods and various examples of co-processed excipients in the market.
Effects of Fuel - Air Ratio on the Flame Propagation for S.I. Engines
Authors: Hussain Dr. Mohammad N. , Khazaal Rusul M.
Published: May 2021

As a result of the rapid development in the various transport means, a great concern was shown in the design and development of spark-ignition engines to achieve the best efficiency and performance and to guarantee a full combustion of the fuel inside the combustion chamber to avail all the energy of the fuel entering the cylinder.

This work involves the study of the reaction equations of the combustion for stochiometric and rich cases, and the study of combustion products and their effects on the environment.
استعمال التحليل البعدي لايجاد موديل رياضي لعملية تنظيف البئر الافقية
Authors: علوان د. كريم عبد الحسن
Published: May 2021

تعتبر عملية تنظيف المقطع المائل والافقي من اعقد عمليات بناء البئر الافقية واهم محددات الامتداد الافقي للبئر. يأتي هذا التعقيد من تعدد العوامل التي تؤثر على انتقال حبيبة الصخور باتجاه فوهة البئر التي اهمها ميل خيط الحفر للرقود على الجدار السفلي للبئر، هيدروليكية عملية الحفر (نوع جريان سائل الحفر ومعدل تدفقه)، مواصفات الصخور المحفورة (الكثافة، الابعاد والشكل)، مواصفات سائل الحفر (الكثافة واللزوجة والمواصفات الريولوجية الاخرى)، شكل الفراغ الحلقي (قطر البئر وقطر عمود الحفر)، حركة خيط الحفر (شكل الحركة وترددها) وسرعة الحفر (متمثلة بكمية فتات الصخور المطلوب نقلها خارج البئر) وعوامل اخرى كثيرة.

دراسة عملية تنظيف البئر الافقية يتطلب معرفة تأثير كل العوامل المذكورة وتأثير بعضها على بعض حيث تم في الدراسات السابقة تقييم تأثير بعض العوامل اعلاه كل على حدة على عملية تنظيف البئر الافقية

مما اعطى تصورا جيدا عن عملية انتقال حبيبة الفتات خارج المقطع الافقي وما يؤثر فيها. وتم التأكد من انه عندما يكون التنظيف غير كفوء فان طبقة من الفتات المحفورة تتكون على الجدار السفلي للبئر.

الدراسة الحالية حاولت تحليل معظم العوامل المؤثرة على عملية نقل حبيبات الصخور المحفورة خارج البئر تحليلا بعديا لايجاد

علاقة بين مجموعة حدود لابعدية (dimensionless) متحكمة بعملية التنظيف. تم الخروج بتمثيل رياضي يربط كفاءة عملية التنظيف (نسبة مساحة مقطع الفراغ الحلقي المشغول بطبقة الفتات المترسبة) كدالة لمجموعة حدود لابعدية تكونت من العوامل المؤثرة المذكورة. ثم اوجدت علاقات لكل من حالة الجريان الصفائحي والمضطرب.

هذه العلاقة اللابعدية اتاحت امكانية تطبيقها على نتائج كل الدراسات المختبرية السابقة جيث ان اختلاف الابعاد ومواصفات سائل الحفر والصخور بين دراسة واخرى اختزل تأثيرها ضمن الحدود اللابعية الممثلة لها. وجد ان اهم الحدود اللابعدية المؤثرة على عملية تنظيف المقطع الافقي هي تلك التي تمثل سرعة تدفق سائل الحفر بالفراغ الحلقي (عدد فرويد) وتلك التي تمثل حركة عمود الحفر(عدد تايلر). وتأتي بالاهمية الثانوية المواصفات الريولوجية لسائل الحفر ونوع الصخور المحفورة وزاوية ميل المقطع المراد تنظيفه وغيرها. هذه العلاقات وفرت لمهندسي الحفر امكانية ترتيب متغيرات الحفر المتوفرة من اجل الحصول على تنظيف مرضي للمقطع المحفور.  

دراسات اخرى مطلوبة لتطوير هذه العلاقات التناسبية (الدوال) الى علاقات رياضية منطقية (علاقات تساوي) لوضعها في خدمة الاستعمال الهندسي التطبيقي.
دراسة تأثير بكتريا Streptomyces على مكونات النفط الخام
Authors: ناصر د. نزار أدور
Published: May 2021

استخدمت  في هـذه الدراسة عشـرة عـزلات بكتيرية من الجنـسsp.  Streptomyces  حيث  تم تنشيطها مختبريا على الوسط الزرعي كـاوزا  رقم / 1  , ثـم  نميت تلـك العزلات على وسط  زرعي  مضافا  اليـه كمية  من النفط  الخـام , حفظت في الحاضنة الهـزازة  في  28 oم  ولمدة  14 يومـا , بعـدها  تم  تحليـل  للمكـونات المتبقيـة  في الوسط  الزرعي , وبالمقارنة  مع عـينة السيطـرة باتبـاع طريقة الكروماتوكرافي الغازية , أظهرت هـذه العزلات  تباينا  في أستهلاكها  لمكونات النفـط  الخـام  بعمليـات  التحلـل الحيـوي  أو  بتكويـن  مركبات  حيويـة  جديدة  .
Matrix Acidizing Of Yamama Pay Zones
Authors: Al-mashat Prof. Dr Ali M. , Alwan Dr. Kareem A.
Published: May 2021

Yamama formation in southern of Iraq has been studied well, and 25 core samples have been chosen from 7 wells to study their responses to matrix acidizing experiments by different acid solutions. It is found that:1. Solutions of 5% HCl as preflushes and afterflushes are needed in volume depended on cores porosity.2. A solution of 15% HCl with its additives [0.6% A-250 and 0.75% of the solution of Iraqi detergent powder] was the suitable solution for the stimulation of these cores.Previous acid treatments were analyzed and the following techniques were suggested to get the best results:1. Using paccaloni planning- evaluation method to get the best quality control.2. Placing the acid in front – of the perforation interval.3. After completion of acid injection, an immediate opening to flow is necessary.4. Adequate cleaning period would be important after acid job.