bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who Should Get COVID-19 Vaccine First? A Survey to Evaluate Hospital Workers’ Opinion
Authors: Craxì Lucia , Casuccio Alessandra , Amodio Emanuele , Restivo Vincenzo
Published: February 2021

Prospective planning of COVID-19 vaccines allocation will be essential to maximize public health and societal benefits while preserving equity. Decisions about how to allocate limited supplies of vaccines need to be clear about the criteria used in setting priorities, with a specific commitment to transparency and communication. The aim of our study was to think through these competing demands, focusing on the opinion of healthcare workers (HCWs). The primary endpoint of the study was to assess the opinion of all the HCWs in a University based Italian Hospital about the fairest priority order to COVID 19 vaccines and to understand on which criteria the prioritization preferences of HCWs are implicitly based. The secondary endpoints were to assess whether HCWs approach differs from national guidelines and to assess the attitude of HCWs towards mandatory vaccination. An online survey accounting with multiple choice single answer questions and ranking questions was administered to all the HCWs of the University Hospital P. Giaccone of Palermo (Italy) and completed by a total of 465 participants. Almost all respondents confirmed the need for prioritization in COVID-19 vaccination for HCWs (n = 444; 95.5%), essential services and law enforcement (both n = 428; 92%). Clinically vulnerable individuals, HCWs and population over 65 years have been considered the first three groups to be involved in getting vaccination, being indicated as first position group by 26.5%, 32.5% and 21.9% of respondents, respectively. A large majority of respondents (85%) asked for a consistent, transparent and detailed order of priority at a national level. After adjusting for potential confounding due to sex and age, physicians have been found to be statistically significantly associated with the choice of mandatory vaccination (odds ratio (OR): 10.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.7–39.1) or with other strategies different from voluntary (OR = 7.2; 95% CI = 1.9–27.3). The broad consensus expressed by respondents towards mandatory vaccination for HCWs is extremely relevant at a time when vaccination hesitation is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving herd immunity. Data show a mismatch in the position attributed to long-term care residents compared to the position of absolute priority assigned by most of national distribution plans, impelling us to reflect on the issue of maximizing benefit from limited healthcare resources. Our findings clearly indicate a preference for COVID-19 frontline health professionals as the first tier of recipients, since they better meet all the criteria (higher risk, immediate system stability). As the guidelines are likely to directly affect a considerable number of citizens, our results call for policy interventions to inform people on the ethical rationale behind vaccine distribution decisions, to avoid resentment and feelings of unfairness.
Comparison of Immunogenicity and Safety between a Single Dose and One Booster Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A 20-Week, Open-Label Trial
Authors: Chang Yu-Tzu , Ling Tsai-Chieh , Cheng Ya-Yun , Sun Chien-Yao , Wu Jia-Ling , Tai Ching Hui , Wang Jen-Ren , Sung Junne-Ming
Published: February 2021

Background: Non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD-ND) patients are recommended to receive a one-dose influenza vaccination annually. However, studies investigating vaccine efficacy in the CKD-ND population are still lacking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate vaccine efficacy between the one-dose and two-dose regimen and among patients with different stages of CKD throughout a 20-week follow-up period. Methods: We conducted a single-center, non-randomized, open-label, controlled trial among patients with all stages of CKD-ND. Subjects were classified as unvaccinated, one-dose, and two-dose groups (4 weeks apart) after enrollment. Serial changes in immunological parameters (0, 4, 8, and 20 weeks after enrollment), including seroprotection, geometric mean titer (GMT), GMT fold-increase, seroconversion, and seroresponse, were applied to evaluate vaccine efficacy. Results: There were 43, 84, and 71 patients in the unvaccinated, one-dose, and two-dose vaccination groups, respectively. At 4–8 weeks after vaccination, seroprotection rates in the one- and two-dose group for H1N1, H3N2, and B ranged from 82.6–95.8%, 97.4–100%, and 73.9–100%, respectively. The concomitant seroconversion and GMT fold-increases nearly met the suggested criteria for vaccine efficacy for the elderly population. Although the seroprotection rates for all of the groups were adequate, the seroconversion and GMT fold-increase at 20 weeks after vaccination did not meet the criteria for vaccine efficacy. The two-dose regimen had a higher probability of achieving seroprotection for B strains (Odds ratio: 3.5, 95% confidence interval (1.30–9.40)). No significant differences in vaccine efficacy were found between early (stage 1–3) and late (stage 4–5) stage CKD. Conclusions: The standard one-dose vaccination can elicit sufficient protective antibodies. The two-dose regimen induced a better immune response when the baseline serum antibody titer was low. Monitoring change in antibody titers for a longer duration is warranted to further determine the current vaccine strategy in CKD-ND population.
METHOD OF REPLACEMENT OF SPARE PARTS FOR MAINTAINING AND ENSURING OPERATING STATE OF MOTOR TRANSPORT
Authors:   Military Academy of  Logistics, NECHAEV V. V.
Published: February 2021

A method based on the sequential implementation of a formalized description of the process of consuming spare parts, a formalized description of the process of determining the state of the el-ements of a market system, a formalized description of the process of determining a rational route for transporting the necessary material and technical means is presented.
INFLUENCE OF TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL LOGIC ON VEHICLE EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS
Authors:   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, PILGEYKINA I.A. , VLASOV A.A. ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction
Published: February 2021

An objective social process is an increase in the number of cars, which complicates the envi-ronmental situation in cities. The formation of toxic substances in exhaust gases is closely related to the processes of fuel oxidation and engine operating modes, which are dependent on the mode of movement of cars. The analysis of the influence of the method used to control traffic signals on exhaust gas emissions was performed using a microscopic simulation model. We compared the use of pre-calculated traffic light signals with adaptive control in real intersection conditions, taking into account the dynamics of transport demand. The conditions under which the use of adaptive control of traffic lights signals can significantly reduce the volume of exhaust gas emissions of cars are identified.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF AIR POLLUTION ON A SEGMENT OF THE CITY HIGHWAY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MIRA AVENUE IN THE CITY OF OMSK)
Authors:   SibADI, PARSAEV E.V. , TETERINA I.A. ,   SibADI, MALYUGIN P.N. ,   SibADI
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies aimed at performing a qualitative assessment of the impact of traffic management on the level of air pollution from traffic flows in different sections of one segment of the city highway. Assessment of the state of atmospher-ic air pollution on a highway with heavy traffic (Pr. Mira, Omsk city) was carried out on the basis of determination of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air as one of the main components of the exhaust gases of the traffic stream. Calculations are graphically presented, indicating the unevenness of the amount of pollutant emissions by one passenger car moving along a conditional segment of the city highway with various variations in traffic conditions due to traffic management.
Benefits of GP care in outreach settings for people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative study
Authors: Hirst Victoria , Cuthill Fiona
Published: February 2021

Background

Although people experiencing homelessness (PEH) have the worst health outcomes in society, they have a low uptake of primary care services. GP outreach has developed as a way of increasing their access into primary care but little is known about the experience of patients receiving care in this way.

Aim

To explore PEHs’ experiences of GP care in community outreach settings in UK; and to seek staff/volunteers’ views on the strengths and weaknesses of GP community outreach services.

Design and setting

A multi-method qualitative study with PEH and staff/volunteers working in three different community outreach settings in the UK.

Method

Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out with 22 PEH and two focus groups with key staff/volunteers. Data were analysed thematically using framework analysis.

Results

GP outreach services better enabled PEH to access medical care and staff/volunteers valued GP support to promote, and facilitate access to, healthcare services. In particular, the findings illuminate the high value that PEH placed on the organisational environment of the GP outreach service. Valued aspects of GP outreach were identified as comfortable, safe, and engendering a sense of belonging; convenient, opportunistic, and a one-stop shop; and being heard, having more time, and breaking down barriers.

Conclusion

The organisational environment is important in enabling PEH to engage with GP services. The physical and organisational environment of the outreach settings were the most important factors; they created a space where professional barriers between the GP and patients were flattened, so facilitating a therapeutic relationship.
Remote primary care consultations for people living with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences of people living with dementia and their carers
Authors: Tuijt Remco , Rait Greta , Frost Rachael , Wilcock Jane , Manthorpe Jill , Walters Kate
Published: February 2021

Background

COVID-19 has accelerated remote healthcare provision in primary care, with changes potentially permanent. The implementation of remote provision of health care needs to be informed by vulnerable populations, such as people living with dementia.

Aim

To understand the remote healthcare experiences of patients living with dementia and their family carers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and setting

Qualitative interviews with community-based patients living with dementia and their carers were carried out between May–August 2020, while the COVID-19 pandemic was ongoing in England.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were conducted remotely by telephone or video call with 30 patients living with dementia and 31 carers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Three main themes were derived relating to: proactive care at the onset of COVID-19 restrictions; avoidance of healthcare settings and services; and difficulties with remote healthcare encounters. People living with dementia and their carers felt check-up calls were reassuring but limited in scope and content. Some avoided healthcare services, wishing to minimise COVID-19 risk or reduce NHS burden, or encountering technological barriers. Difficulties in remote consultations included lack of prompts to remember problems, dealing with new emerging difficulties, rescheduling/missed calls, and inclusion of the voice of the person with dementia.

Conclusion

While remote consultations could be effective, proactive calls could be more structured around needs. Consideration should be given to replace non-verbal prompts to describe problems, particularly for new health concerns. In continuing remote consultations, it is important to facilitate engagement with patients living with dementia and their carers to ensure good practice.
Arte, política cultural e cooperação teuto-italiana no Rio de Janeiro da Era Vargas
Authors: Vianna Neto Liszt
Published: February 2021

A aproximação entre a política cultural alemã e italiana no Rio de Janeiro durante a Era Vargas se baseou em interesses e estratégias comuns ao estabelecer sua presença nas Américas. Apesar de ambos os países combaterem unidos a influência dos países aliados no Brasil, certos aspectos de suas relações envolviam a cooperação numa atmosfera de precaução e discrição. Tal cooperação no campo artístico e cultural teve impacto direto nas atividades da Pro Arte – associação de artistas e amantes das artes alemãs no Brasil. Partindo desde a sua fundação de um alinhamento às vanguardas modernistas, a associação se viu tomada pelas diretrizes nazistas da embaixada alemã, sendo utilizada como instrumento de sua política cultural e propaganda através da arte.
Apli Cativo Necroliberalismo
Authors: Lemos Lucena Pablo
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo procura refletir sobre o processo criativo do autor, fazendo um breve recorte sobre o vídeo Apli Cativo Necroliberalismo (2020). Diante da pandemia do vírus Covid 19, imagens foram feitas pelas janelas de um apartamento na perspectiva do quarentenado, assim uma poética foi criada registrando entregadores que trabalhavam com aplicativos na urbe. Se a priori a típica mimese da linguagem videográfica estaria presente, a posteriori anamorfoses e interferências sonoras foram realizadas na pós-produção. Deste modo um diálogo necessário foi estabelecido com o pensamento de autores que refletiram sobre o momento distópico da pandemia, como Achille Mbembe e Vladimir Safatle ou sobre arte política a exemplo de Georges Didi-Huberman e Hall Foster. Aproximações e distanciamentos também foram realizados com alguns vídeos do artista Cao Guimarães.
As pinturas de Eduardo de Martino, o Museu Naval e o lugar de memória da Marinha Brasileira
Authors: Tikami de Lima Bárbara
Published: February 2021

O presente texto examina a relação entre a Marinha Brasileira e um determinado conjunto de quadros pintado por Eduardo de Martino (1838-1912), um oficial da Marinha Italiana que abriu mão de sua carreira castrense para se dedicar a atividade artística após chegar a América do Sul. Desse modo, o texto traz breves explanações sobre a trajetória do artista, as diferentes hipóteses acerca da aquisição de suas obras por esta Força Armada Naval e a criação e extinção do Museu Naval. Por fim, discorre sobre a exposição destas pinturas neste lugar porque, como o próprio museu elas atuaram em diferentes campos do discurso, centros de interpretação e arenas políticasnas políticas
The hodiernal past domain and the concept of recentness in Yeyi
Authors: Seidel Frank
Published: February 2021

L'article traite du fonctionnement et du sémantisme des temps passe du verbe en yeyi (R41). Plus precisement, il examine le fait qu'en yeyi, les temps passes s'ordonnent et interagissent par rapport à un point de reference qui est situe un cycle diurne/nocturne complet avant le temps du discours. Sur base d'analyses de textes détaillées, l'article montre que ce point de référence temporel résulte de l'interaction de deux concepts : le caractère hodierne de l'évènement et son caractère récent. Les aspects temporels du yeyi sont présentés selon le schéma cognitif élabore par Botne et Kershner (2006) pour organiser les systèmes de temps.
E-Learning Experience of Management Students in B-Schools During COVID-19 Pandemic - A primary Survey
Authors: Owais Khazi Mohammed , Atipamula Anjali
Published: February 2021

This study is aimed to seek online feedback and conduct phonic interviews of Management students in B-Schools regarding their experience with E-learning methods used by their faculty and institutes. COVID-19 has turned the world into an unrecognizable and unthinkable setting. Various sectors have come together to battle this pandemic. Work from home (WFH) has become a norm and, so has studying from home. The purpose of this study is to understand the technology adoption, teaching and learning process, student engagement, and experience towards virtual classrooms during Lockdown due to COVID 19 in Business schools in Electronic City, Bangalore. This study uses inductive reasoning and qualitative research methodology to collect the data from the students of B-Schools who are currently pursuing courses such as PGDM, M.B.A, M.Com, M.C.A, etc. The students are currently in their hometowns across India and attending classes through various online platforms. The focus of this study is to find out the impact of online education on Learning Aspect and Student Engagement during this period. This study also emphasizes on how the current scenario has an impact on policymakers like educationalists, students, and the adoption of technique by faculty in the future. An indistinct study is done on the tactics and strategies that would be implemented in the ongoing pandemic. The current study is limited to the sample frame of around 300 students from business schools in Electronic City, Bangalore, India. Hence, the findings of this study cannot be generalized forentire India. Even though COVID 19 has created cognitive dissonance in students’ and faculties’ minds towards various situations they have faced in their day-to-day life. The learning and teaching have not stopped and are continuing at a fast pace and without any disruption.
Using Piotroski F-Score for Assessing Financial Health: Evidence from Leading Indian Private Banks
Authors: Rangapriya S , Meenakumari J
Published: February 2021

This research investigates the efficacy of Piotroski F-score to screen firms with good financial health and to identify early signs of financial distress in Indian banking stocks. This study complements existing empirical evidence which indicate that the venerable model can provide valuable insight for investment decision making and risk management.The evidence is drawn from valuation signals across leading private banks in India for a period ranging from 2014-2020. Piotroski F-score evaluates companies with a discrete number between zero and nine, the score facilitates determination of financial strength of the company. Higher score indicates better financial health and viceversa. The F-score is calculated as a sum of criteria which evaluates profitability signals, leverage and liquidity, sources of funds and operating efficiencies. In this study, each of these ratios have been analyzed to gain valuable insight on the banks (company-level). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of various ratios, ascertains intensity of relationship across banks (industry-level). This can help manage exposure in the portfolio as per the economic environment.The Piotroski F-score evaluates the generic financial health of the firm and indicates the direction in which the firm is headed. By studying individual factors, relative strength can be assessed. Piotroski F-score ranged between 0-7 for all the banks under study, indicating that none of them were a ‘compellingbuy’ (score 8 or 9) over the seven-year horizon. Some banks have consistently shown depleting F-score over at least 3 years, this can be interpreted as a signal of financial distress. It is evident that consistent monitoring of F-score empowers pro-active risk management.This work attempts to introduce Piotroski F-score as an integral valuation metric in evaluating Indian banking stocks. F-score can be used for initial screening, it’s consistent monitoring can facilitate optimized returns at risk-adjusted levels.
The Ritual Paths of Otium and Negotium: An Interpretive Study of Renovatio Imperii in the High Renaissance
Authors:   Leeds Metropol itan University, Temple Nick
Published: February 2021

During the Papacy of Julius I1 (1503-1513) an ambitious programme of Church reform was instigated with particular emphasis on apocalyptic and eschatological notions. This coincided with the inception of a new providential role of Rome. As both repository of memory and catalyst of utopian ideals the city of Rome became the centre of a unique programme of spiritual and physical renovation, instauratio Romae.
The Impact of Formal Properties on Eye Movement during the Perception of Architecture
Authors:   University of California, Weber Ralf , Choi Yun ,   University of California, Stark Lawrence ,   Technical University of Dresden
Published: February 2021

The project represented an initial attempt to record how the visual experience of architecture is influenced by various formal-geometric characteristics such as size, contrast, direction, symmetry, closure, etc., and how these factors may alter individual visual scan paths and affect awareness and appreciation of architectural designs. Results indicate that the eye does not trace shapes completely, but focuses on the overall arrangement of visual centers, major masses, and on objects with distinct formal differences from the overall set. Elements indicating spatial depth such as vistas receive special attention. There is a clear preference for the left area of a space. Redundant elements draw less attention than solitary shapes. Vertically and horizontally oriented objects are explored less than obliquely oriented shapes. More work using the methods of this study might provide important findings in the following three areas: scientific analysis of certain characteristic properties of architectural form and space long described by writers on architectural aesthetics; exploration of discrepancies in the perception of two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of architectural form and space in the design process; and an evaluation of differences in the perception of architectural form and space by architects and non-architects.
Between Six and a Million
Authors:   University College London, Hill Jonathan
Published: February 2021

Ephemerality and speed of change are the most distinctive qualities of the contemporary city. In this context, space is more tangible and constant than mass. So often, space is assumed to be the void between objects. Instead, it is a heavy, tactile, sensual substance in which the body is immersed. The resulting perception of space, as a material presence, inverts the conventional perception of architectural space as the void between physical, tangible architectural elements: the walls, floors and ceilings. Architects are primarily interested in form, a condition re-inforced by the architectural photograph. However, if architects re-consider space, they will realise that its population is not static and predictable, as the Modernists assumed, but fluid and indeterminate. Six people one minute and one million the next. For architects, the aim must be to design space and to think spatially. As there is no singular ‘form’ to space, the consequences of a spatial agenda are not uniform but they will transform the ways in which architecture is used, produced and discussed.
Certainty Certaintly Not: Protocols of Change: Knowledge, Power, and Authority in Architecture and Science
Authors:   South Bank University, Bates Sherry
Published: February 2021

As architects and historians of architecture we are all acquainted with major sea changes in our discipline. The birth of Modernism and the advent of Post modernism’ are two episodes of our recent history familiar to most ofus. Customarily however we focus upon the content of such changes rather than the protocols they obey. I talk of protocols rather than rules because I shall argue that these are not a natural given but a product of cultural2 propriety. It is my thesis that there are protocols for such changes, which if not invariant are subject to modifications themselves that are only manifest over long periods of time. I further contend that the structures of the institutions of architecture, the building industry, the profession, the academy and the architectural press for example and of their relation to culture at large have a more powerfidly formative influence on the nature of such changes than any individual, group or movement. This paper can provide but a mere outline and brief illustration of these broad claims.
Los Angeles : The Architecture and Urban Design of Nontradition
Authors:   California Polytechnic State University, Figura Lange Karen
Published: February 2021

Past urban planners, real estate speculators and myth makers have achieved the fantasy city of the future in Los Angeles. Based on the public dream of individualism and the desire for space, Los Angeles is a city inspired and created not by history but by future endeavors, speculative gestures, unlimited possibilities and fantasy. Rising from an agricultural village it has attained metropolis status through industries that promote and depend on myth; real estate development, tourism, film. Los Angeles has become the city it dreamed of being; a future city without historic connections and foundations. Without a sense of community, reality became image. The simultaneous development of the automobile and airplane fueled the growth and pattern of urban evolution in Los Angeles. Populated by individuals escaping their personal histories in the mid-west and east, Los Angeles became a city of newness with a civic lust for the new and a general acceptance that new is better. This lead to city development without historic precedent, and a reliance on technology, first the automobile and airplane, later the computer. In the end the city resembles suburbia infinitum, a city of nowhere, without a center, egalitarian and without hierarchy. Over this pragmatic patterning lies the concern for architects today; to work from within to create a sense of place without responding to the historical models, but developing an event from fragments, estrangement and loss of connectivity.
An Attempt at Making Urban Design Principles Explicit
Authors:   Technion/lsrael Institute of Technology, Aravot Iris
Published: February 2021

Since its rise as an autonomous field in the seventies, Urban Design has been a conglomerate of diverse concepts and value outlooks.The present approach, which is an a posteriori propositional expression of applications in actual practice and education, presents both theory and method by means of ten points. The approach is basically generated by formal considerations, thus originating in and focussing on aspects which cannot be expressed through theory and methods of other disciplines. It starts with systematic, conventional and objective studies which are then connected to a system of manipulations – the rules of game – which emphasize interpretation and are clarified by narrative and formal metaphors. The ‘rules of game’ set a framework of no a priori preferred contents, which is then applied according to local characteristics, needs and potentials. This conceptual – interpretative framework imposes a structural, consistent and hierarchical system on the factual data, so as to assure the realization of two apparently opposed values: (1) unity and phenomenological qualities and (2) free development and unfolding of the design that .The propositional expression of the approach aims at its exposure to explicit evaluation and criticism.
Defining an Urban Image with a Comprehensive Graphics System
Authors:   University of Kansas, Luca W. Max , Greene Lois E. , Branham Richard L. ,   University of Kansas
Published: February 2021

The image established by an urban area can have a profound effect upon the future well being of that area. Economic development and other forms of growth can be encouraged or discouraged by the image of an area. In addition, the way the image is projected is of major importance in how the image is perceived by others. It is the purpose of this paper to describe a process by which the image of an area can be defined and a comprehensive graphics system can be designed to project that image. Techniques are presented for encouraging citizen participation in the definition process. Professional survey and inventory procedures used to study the image of an urban area are described. Methods to establish the extent of the graphics system, categories of data collection, a discussion of sign types, as well as the hierarchy of geographical space and the development of the comprehensive graphics design matrix are presented. The application of comprehensive graphics systems and their support of the image of particular urban areas are compared and discussed through the presentation of examples from Europe and Asia, as well as a discussion of a system now being developed with both directional signage and promotional materials for a historical county and its cities in Kansas.
The Concept of Choice in Learning and Teaching Composition
Authors:   Delft University of Technology, Breen Jack
Published: February 2021

This paper addresses the aspect of Composition in architecture and urban design and focuses on the meaning of choice within the design process. Through the conscious generating of visual models of choice and the stimulation of analysis of the ways in which individual design decisions are shaped, a greater insight may be achieved into the understanding of composition and the way in which this aspect may be expressed in individual designs.
Reading the Site: Architectural Design in the Periphery of Urban Areas
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Lapunzina Alejandro
Published: February 2021

The design of buildings located in areas that surround the central core of cities is becoming, as we approach the end of the twentieth century, one of the most critical problems for architecture and its related disciplines. The design studio is an appropriate environment for developing strategies and tools focused on the architectural and urbanistic implications of working in peripheral areas. This has been the dominant thematic of recent design exercises developed in design studios at the University of Illinois' Study Abroad Program in Versailles. This paper presents the theoretical frame of reference and some recent examples produced in these design studios.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN TVER REGION
Authors:   Tver State Agricultural Academy, Berney V.I.
Published: February 2021

In the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia, since the 90s of the last century, the number of tractor and other agricultural machinery has sharply decreased. If in 1990 there were more than 30 thousand tractors of various capacities in the Tver region, then by 2020 there are 4 thousand tractors left in collective agricultural organizations, and approximately the same number of tractors are in private farms. The reduction occurred more than 8 times, with the remaining equipment having an average age of over 12 years. The renewal of tractor equipment in recent years has been happening at a rate of 1-2% per year, at the same time, 7-8% of the remaining tractors are written off annually. Directly connected with such dynamics is the reduction of acreage, which decreased by about 10 times, to 120 thousand hectares. And only in recent years there has been an increase in cultivated areas to 278 thousand hectares. At present, 551 thousand hectares of agricultural land are used for the production of agricultural products, that is, from 2,575 thousand hectares. Half of the agricultural land is arable land. More than 300 thousand hectares of arable land are idle, overgrown with forest, bushes, hogweed. The age of vegetation, forests on abandoned arable land reaches 10 years. In the near future, most of these lands may be completely decommissioned.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THERMAL PREPARATION ON CARS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Panfilov A.A. , Vokhmyanin I.S. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the rationale for the feasibility of using an autonomous liquid heater for thermal preparation of the engine in different climatic zones. A comparison is made of operating costs when using an autonomous liquid heater and a car alarm with the function of maintaining the optimum temperature. Several large settlements of the Tyumen region were selected for a comparative calculation. Using climatic portals, the average number of cold days over three years was selected and the number of cold engine starts in each city was determined. The objects of the study were Toyota Land Cruiser Prado cars with different power plants: diesel and gasoline. The calculation does not consider the effect of the autonomous heater on the comfort of use and the technical condition of the vehicle, only the current fuel costs during daily operation are taken into account. In the course of the calculations, it was found that at ambient temperatures up to -150C for a gasoline car and -170C for a diesel car, the use of a pre-starting autonomous liquid heater is not economically viable. The required number of days is also determined to obtain economic benefits from the pre-heater, taking into account the cost of its installation on cars with gasoline and diesel engines. Using the results of the study, it can be concluded that not in all settlements it is advisable to install preheaters. The severity of the climate in some cities does not pose a big threat to a guaranteed cold engine start and may be limited only by using the remote engine start function built into the security system.
MASTITIS AS A CAUSE OF CARDIOMYOPATHY DEVELOPMENT IN DOGS
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Zayakina D.I.
Published: February 2021

Researchers in our country have established today that during the structuring period, the mammary gland begins to actively develop in bitches at the age of 4 to 6 months. This period naturally coincides with the beginning of ovarian function. And it is naturally controlled by follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone. The regulation of tissue homeostasis in the mammary gland is maintained by a balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The apoptosis process plays one of the most important roles in the growth and development of not only the body, but also cells. These include not only healthy cells, but also tumor cells. Approbation of improved diagnostics of various types of breast diseases in dogs, as well as the choice of a rational and less painful method of treatment in veterinary practice in the future will allow the prevention of diseases of mastopathy, which will radically reduce diseases of the reproductive system. An analysis of the works of foreign authors in veterinary medicine indicates a lack of research on this topic in hormonal control of the sexual cycle in dogs. Taking this into account, many scientists devote their research to morphological changes in the structure of the mammary gland, not only in dogs, but also in most domesticated carnivores. Such changes for the worse affect the effect of the use of hormonal drugs for contraception during sexual cycles. When collecting anamnesis, we paid attention to: the time of manifestation of the preliminary disease, the course of the disease, what factors could provoke this pathology. They also clarified the regularity of the leaks from the owners of the animals, paid attention to the possible presence of pseudolactations and the possible changes in the mammary gland during this period. Also, an important condition was the maintenance and proper feeding.
SELECTIVELY VALUABLE TRAITS CORRELATIONS IN HEXAPLOID TRITICALE
Authors:   Dagestan Experimental Station of FRC N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Kurkiev U.K.
Published: February 2021

In the article, a study of the conjugation of grain triticale selection-valuable traits was carried out in order to distinguish among them the samples that combine resistance to lodging with a number of other selection-valuable traits. According to the correlation analysis, we can say that selection-valuable traits (both productivity and resistance to fungal diseases) in most cases are positively associated with plant height and the length of the last internode. Therefore, it is necessary to search for sources of short-stemming, the expression of which does not worsen the manifestation of selectively valuable traits. In addition, it is important to select forms with a long ear culm segment. According to the correlation analysis carried out, selectively valuable traits (both productivity and resistance to fungal diseases) in most cases are positively associated with plant height. In this regard, it is necessary to search for sources of short-stemming, the expression of which does not worsen the manifestation of selectively valuable traits. Specimens with the optimal architectonics of the plant morphotype, capable of maximally mobilizing nutrients for a high yield of reproductive mass (grain) in comparison with vegetative (straw), are especially promising. A sign of productivity, the mass of grain per spike positively correlates with the mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains per spike, grain completeness and resistance to fungal diseases, and negatively with the grain size. The coarseness correlates positively with the weight of the ear, the weight of the grain and the completeness of the grain, and negatively with the percentage of the weight of the ear from the stem.
PROBABILISTIC DETERMINATION OF TECHNOSPHERE OBJECT RELIABILITY UNDER HAZARDOUS INFLUENCES
Authors:   Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Gvozdev E.V.
Published: February 2021

The subject of research is the process associated with determining the reliability parameter of buildings (structures) for their further operation in the technological process, causing effects in the form of additional loads (explosions, fires, vibration processes). The solution of such problems is relevant for the buildings (structures) acquired (rented) by the owner for further operation in the production process, in the technology of which fire and explosion hazardous substances (materials) are handled, stored or processed. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach that allows one to determine the parameter of the reliability of a building (structure) for operation under additional loads. To determine the indicators of safe permissible states of buildings (structures), the use of various criterion characteristics included in the content of deterministic, statistical and probabilistic approaches is given. A feature of assessing the reliability of buildings (structures) for their operation under additional loads (explosions, fires, vibration processes) is to determine the indicator of a given margin of safety and its stability under possible realized impacts. To solve the problem, it is proposed to use a simplified assessment of the safety margin of a building (structure) in terms of yield strength (for steel elements) and strength (for base materials, load-bearing walls, partitions and ceilings) corresponding to the maximum permissible values for their destruction. A consistent theoretical description of the formulas is presented, which makes it possible to establish a relationship between the safety margin of a building (structure) and the probability of its destruction under the implemented influences. An innovative approach is described that allows solving problems of assessing the strength reliability of structural elements of buildings (structures), when it is important to obtain guaranteed characteristics of an indicator of a given safety margin, its resistance to possible realized influences (explosions, fires, vibration processes). The use of the material in order to determine the reliability indicators based on risks allows us to consider the calculated values of the safety margin of a building (structure), which meets the established requirements for assessing efficiency from the point of view of the theory and practice of operations research.
STUDYING SOME INDICATORS OF MEAT PRODUCTS WITH THE USE OF NATURAL FIBER IN TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Voytenko O.S. , Voytenko L.G. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

The article presents the research results obtained when studying the dynamics of some indicators of a meat product when adding natural fiber (figs) to the production technology. The research was carried out at the Department of Food Technologies of the Don State Agrarian University in the Persianovskiy settlement, Oktyabrskiy District, Rostov Region. It was found that addition of figs in the technology of sausage production, the fat mass fraction of the test samples was lower compared to the control and amounted to 0.15; 0.08% respectively. Consequently, the mass fraction of fat in sample No. 1 was also lower, but within the limits of GOST. Indicators of the mass fraction of ash of the test samples, where figs were used in the recipe, were lower compared to the control and amounted to 0.16; 0.01%, therefore, the mass fraction of ash in sample No. 1 was also lower, but within the limits of GOST, the pH of the experimental sample No. 1 was 5.2, which corresponds to the norm for cooked sausages. The energy and nutritional value of the prototype, which had the best performance, was at the highest level and amounted to EC = 144.38; HRC = 30.461 kcal / 100 g
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS’ INFLUENCE ON THE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT, ITS IMMUNE STATUS AND THE RESULTS OF INCUBATION
Authors:   State Agricultural Academy of Velikie Luki, Suleymanov F.I. , Migachev A.S. ,   State Agricultural Academy of Velikie Luki
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of external factors influence on the development of the embryo and the immune status of chickens. This is primarily due to the fact that the sensitivity of embryos to the impact of various damaging agents of the external environment, primarily abiotic factors, such as oxygen deficiency, sharp temperature fluctuations beyond the optimum, mechanical damage and other influences, affect the course of morphogenetic processes, disrupting the rate of development of individual organs, causing the appearance of malformations of embryos and, in many cases, leading to death. The object of the study is chicken embryos and chickens up to ten days old. The aim of the work was to develop the most optimal incubation technology that would help stimulate the development of chicken embryos and did not require additional equipment and training costs. The work consists of an introduction, article materials, conclusions and a list of references. The introduction includes the relevance of the research, its goals and objectives, object, subject of research and research methods. The first section describes research on the correct selection, storage of eggs and the correct use of the incubator. The second section contains data on the study of the influence of various factors on the immune system of chicken embryos and chickens. In general, the analysis of factors given in the literature allows us to conclude about the influence of these factors on the development of chickens, increasing their safety and productivity. The material of the article shows that, while studying these factors, they primarily affect the immune system.
FEEDING LEVEL OF PREGNANT EWES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE MILK PRODUCTION OF TUSHINO SHEEP
Authors:   Gorsky State Agrarian University, Nakonechnyy Y.V. , Demurova A.R. ,   Gorsky State Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

Correction of feeding in the dry period is relevant, especially in the conditions of distant mountain keeping used to keep breeds in which metabolic processes are more intensive, and, accordingly, a greater amount of nutrients should be supplied with the feed. To establish the optimal amount of nutrients in the diets required for pregnant ewes, in the conditions of the distant mountain keeping of the North Caucasus in 2018, after the end of the breeding campaign, 120 ewes of the Tushino breed were selected, going to the third lambing. They were divided into 4 groups of 30 heads per each. The ewes of the first control group received a food ration prepared in accordance with the standards of the Federal Science Centre for Animal Husbandry (2003). The diet of ewes of the second, third and fourth groups was increased in total nutritional value by 10, respectively; 15 and 20%, compared with the diet of the control group. For the entire lactation period, the average daily milk yield of the ewes of the III experimental group, who received a diet where the total nutritional value of feed was 15% higher than that of the control group, was 719.2 g, which is higher than the indicators of the ewes receiving a diet prepared according to the standards of the FSCAH. by 32.1% (P ≤ 0.001); and ewes receiving 10% more nutrients than animals of the control group by 16.1% (P ≤ 0.01) and IV experimental group receiving 20% more nutrients substances, by 5.1%. Thus, we can conclude that the increased level of feeding during the period of pregnancy contributes to an increase in the milk production of ewes by 13.8-32.1%. It was found that the optimal dose of increasing the nutritional value of the diet by 15% of the ewes showed the highest milk productivity, an increase of 20%, on the contrary, contributed to a slight decrease in milk productivity.
SMALL RUMINANTS PLAGUE WORLD EPIZOOTIC SITUATION
Authors:   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Padilo L.P. , Biryukova O.P. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University, Agoltsov V.A. ,   Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University
Published: February 2021

Plague of small ruminants (PSR) causes enormous economic damage to sheep and goat breeding. Mortality and lethality rates reach 100% of the total number of sick animals. The main materials for recording and analyzing the epizootic situation in foreign countries were: statistical data from the OIE yearbooks for 2007–2019. Cartographic data analysis was carried out using software known on the market for geographic information systems, QGIS, ArcGIS Decktop 10.4. A retrospective cartographic analysis of the epizootic situation of plague of small ruminants in the world in 2007–2019 showed that in 2017 the infection was registered in Mongolia (4 outbreaks, 1661 cases), in Israel (2 outbreaks, 34 cases), in China (2 outbreaks, 288 cases). In 2018, plague of small ruminants was registered in 7 countries of the world: Algeria, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burundi, China, Israel, Sierra Leone. Algeria reported 6 outbreaks and 30 cases, Bhutan 1 outbreak and 1 case, Bulgaria 7 outbreaks, 28 cases, Burundi 8 outbreaks, 7395 cases, China 6 outbreaks, 1,757 cases, Israel 3 outbreaks, 560 cases , Sierra Leone – 7 outbreaks, 649 cases. As of December 2019, there were 10 outbreaks and 208 cases of small ruminants’ plague of in Israel, 99 outbreaks in Algeria and 3,139 cases, as well as 1 outbreak and 179 cases in Libya. By the retrospective analysis, it has been established that the nosoarea of the PSR pathogen is extremely widespread in many continents of the world.