bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HOP GROWING IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
Authors: Tolstova Mariya , Kornilova Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

The brewing industry of the Russian Federation at the present stage is characterized by a high level of raw material dependence on supplies of raw materials, in particular hops, from foreign countries. The Chuvash Republic is a region that not only produces the largest volume of hops in the country, but also a territory where conditions are formed for the intensification of this important industry. Based on the study of the period of formation and development of the hop-growing industry in the region, the authors identified the reasons for the decline in hop production, most of which are directly related to the activities of brewing industry enterprises. The breakdown of production and economic ties between agricultural producers and processors has become the main reason for the crisis in the hop-growing industry of the Russian Federation. The state of the current potential for the development of hop growing in the Chuvash Republic is assessed by experts as quite stable. The region has preserved scientific and educational competencies that are implemented both in the field of selection and seed production, and in engineering and technological support; a machine-building cluster is being formed to localize the production of machines, units and equipment for hop growing. Currently, the first large investment project in hop growing in the country is being implemented in the Chuvash Republic, initiated by the Baltika brewing company. The authors believe that this investment model is key to the development of hop growing in the country, since along with the production of hops, related industries are developing, as well as new points of generation of production capacities for hop processing are being formed. The most important direction for realizing the potential for the development of hop growing is state support for the development of the industry, which covers all production and technological processes of hop cultivation and processing. Intensification of hop growing in the region is the most important task of the socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic, as well as ensuring technological sovereignty in this industry.
MODELING OF A DIGITAL PLATFORM OF AN INNOVATIVE PRODUCTION ECOSYSTEM OF THE REGION
Authors: Topoleva Tatyana
Published: December 2024

The innovation paradigm defines the ecosystem approach as one of the frontier directions in the theory and practice of the development of complex social and economic systems. A characteristic feature of the current stage is the leading role of the Russian financial sector in the creation of ecosystems. At the same time, in order to achieve technological sovereignty and increase competitive advantages, it is important to introduce an ecosystem approach in the real sector of the economy with the participation of actors belonging to sectors of material production industries (industry and agro-industrial complex). The importance of regional-level innovation ecosystems is increasing, because territories with significant scientific, technological, production, and intellectual potential are becoming the locomotives of current and future transformations. The regional innovative production ecosystem (IPER) is a modern format for interaction between actors that allows for the synergy of partnerships between the state, business, science and the real sector of the economy based on network interactions, which is especially important in the agenda of sustainable innovation-oriented growth. A feature of the IPER in the sphere of agricultural production (and the agro-industrial complex as a whole) is a higher level of systemic complexity, which is due to a significant range of factor influence, including not only complex resource provision, but also natural and climatic conditions. Digital transformation is defined as one of the key national development goals until 2030, the number of projects in this area has increased in Russia by 27% over the past five years, and growth potential remains. The level of achievement of digital maturity at the end of 2023 was 74.7% against the planned indicator of 64.2%. The presented algorithm for the digital transition of IPER involves a step-by-step strategizing of the process with the identification of targets, risk assessment and possible realistic scenarios. The interaction of actors based on the joint of resources, the coordination of interests within the framework of IPER with the prospect of platformization is aimed both at achieving their individual goals and at increasing the sustainability of the entire ecosystem, with a projection on regional development and strengthening positions at the national and international levels.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A GRAIN FEED CRUSHING PLANT
Authors: Ziganshin Bulat , Sabirov Bulat , Nafikov Insaf , Kashapov Il'dar
Published: December 2024

Grinding is a well-known and important method of grain processing. In this process, the hard shell of the grain is destroyed, which accelerates digestion in the stomach of animals and ensures a more complete absorption of food energy in the feed. In agricultural enterprises, it is better to provide grain feed on its own feed base. For this purpose, small-sized crushing equipment (crushers) are used. Such installations are characterized by low metal and energy intensity, simple design, mobility and low cost. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the efficiency of the developed crusher in comparison with an analogue - grain crusher Farmer IZE-05M. To achieve this goal, a small-sized unit (crusher) with a disk was manufactured. Its distinctive feature is the presence of two disks with a diameter of 160 and 210 mm. The unit is designed in such a way that it has the ability to process seeds of grain crops with high humidity. During the research, the results of grain grinding, the degree of its grinding and energy intensity were obtained. The results showed that the developed unit is capable of providing fine grain grinding than its analogue. The optimal humidity for obtaining fine grinding on the analogue is 12.8%, and in our unit it is possible to work with a humidity of 13.1%. The difference in humidity is 0.3%. This means that the costs of preliminary grain drying will be reduced several times. Also, the grain grinding range is somewhat wider from 13.1% to 14.4% against 12.8%...13.9%. The energy consumption at a grain humidity of 9.8% of the developed installation was 5.1 J/kg, which is 0.8 J/kg lower than the analogue (5.9 J/kg). At increased grain humidity up to 14.4%, the energy intensity of the new installation decreased to 8.6 J/kg, while for the analogue it was 9.5 J/kg.
Impact of Tabata Training Under Digital Monitoring on Physical Fitness in High-Level University Tennis Athletes
Authors: Luo YunZhong , Deng Liang , Chen Kai , Huang XiaoLing
Published: December 2024

Background: The increasing demand for improved physical conditioning in university tennis athletes has highlighted the need for training methods that effectively enhance endurance, explosiveness, and agility. Chinese university tennis players often face constraints such as limited training time and insufficient focus on physical conditioning, which adversely affect their competitive performance. This study investigates the impact of Tabata training under digital monitoring on the physical fitness of high-level university tennis athletes, offering novel insights into optimizing training efficacy.
Methods: This experimental study involved 20 university tennis athletes who participated in an 8-week training intervention. The experimental group underwent Tabata training, while the control group adhered to traditional training methods. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention on 11 physical fitness parameters, including strength, speed, agility, and endurance. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with paired t-tests conducted to examine changes in performance.
Results: a. Speed: The experimental group exhibited significant improvements in the 20-meter sprint (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in the 5-meter and 10-meter sprints (P > 0.05). b. Strength: Significant improvements were observed across all strength parameters except for half-squat at half-body weight (P < 0.05). c. Agility: The experimental group showed highly significant improvements in agility (P < 0.001). d. Endurance: The experimental group demonstrated a highly significant increase in endurance (P < 0.001).  
Conclusion: An 8-week regimen of Tabata training significantly enhanced the physical performance of high-level university tennis athletes, particularly in agility and endurance. These findings affirm the effectiveness of Tabata training in improving athletic fitness.
El espacio como constante narrativa: tres novelas andaluzas.
Authors: Yborra Aznar José Juan
Published: December 2024

En el largo debate sobre la existencia de una Nueva Narrativa
Andaluza que se ha venido manteniendo a lo largo del último medio siglo, dos cuestiones
parecen mayoritariamente aceptadas: todos los autores tienen en común su origen y suelen
situar sus tramas –desde perspectivas no siempre comunes– en un ámbito geográfico
cercano. Por esta razón, se han elegido tres novelas de autores y momentos diferentes: El
mundo de Juan Lobón, de Luis Berenguer; Ágata ojo de gato, de José Manuel Caballero
Bonald y Eras la noche, de Ramón Pérez Montero, con el objetivo de comprobar si existen
constantes y líneas comunes en el tratamiento del espacio como componente narrativo
La poesía social de Angelina Gatell. Crítica y denuncia en Esa oscura palabra (1963) y en dos poemas exentos aparecidos en la revista Poesía española en 1958.
Authors: Alava Carrascal Maria Eugenia
Published: December 2024

En el presente trabajo analizaremos un libro de poesía de la escritora
catalana Angelina Gatell Comas publicado en 1963 y titulado Esa oscura palabra.
Presentaremos también dos poemas exentos que aparecieron en abril de 1958 en el número
69 de la revista Poesía Española y argumentaremos que fue durante las décadas de los
cincuenta y de los sesenta cuando la poeta realizó un estudio intenso en torno a la poesía
comprometida, estilo predominante entre los poetas del medio siglo XX en España. El
objetivo fundamental del trabajo es dar a conocer las dos composiciones inéditas en libro
completo para redondear el panorama de una poeta que publicó durante su cénit creativo
tres libros de poesía en la línea de la poesía del compromiso: Poema del soldado (1954),
Esa oscura palabra (1963) y Las claudicaciones (1969). Un estudio de algunos poemas
representativos del segundo poemario de 1963, el de carácter más crítico de entre los tres
publicados, abre el trabajo para contextualizar también la obra de la poeta respecto de las
características fundamentales del panorama del grupo poético del cincuenta. En último
término, se trata de sumar la obra de Angelina Gatell a la de los nombres fundamentales de
aquel periodo en un ejercicio de reescritura del discurso del canon en literatura.
«Mujeres de pluma». Redes literarias y diálogos poéticos entre Ángela Figuera y Carmen Conde.
Authors: Leuci Veronica
Published: December 2024

Si bien hay mayoritario consenso crítico en que no puede hablarse de un
grupo femenino sólido entre las poetas españolas de posguerra (Payeras, 2009; Garcerá y
Porpetta 2019), sí pueden advertirse entre ellas lazos y asociaciones que procuran sortear
los reveses culturales y sociales y reivindicar su faceta autoral y «sororal» en el contexto
adverso de la dictadura franquista. Así, distintos elementos textuales y paratextuales
(dedicatorias, títulos, prólogos, cartas, etc.), junto con su participación en tertulias (en
especial, «Versos con faldas») y lecturas, su aparición en antologías, etc. dan cuenta de
múltiples estrategias de sociabilidad cultural y literaria que permiten pensar en una red
femenina, de afecto y solidaridad de género. En este trabajo nos detendremos en los lazos
biográficos y los vínculos poéticos entre dos de las voces más importantes del período:
Ángela Figuera Aymerich y Carmen Conde. Se analizarán y serán puestas en diálogo sus
(auto)figuraciones poéticas y roles sociales como mujeres que (se) escriben, eludiendo
estereotipos o modelos androcéntricos y patriarcales que las confinaban a la domesticidad y
el silencio
Las conexiones entre radio y vanguardias históricas en España (1920-1939).
Authors: Vega Toscano Ana
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo se adentra en la estrecha relación creativa que en sus inicios mantuvo la
radio con las vanguardias históricas. Se realiza una primera aproximación a la identificación
de las contribuciones que el mundo de la vanguardia aportó para el asentamiento del lenguaje
propio del medio, sobre todo a través de los principales géneros artísticos radiofónicos y de
forma paralela entre teoría y praxis. Se centra en particular en la radio española de la época,
para buscar la existencia de un impulso equivalente al de las corrientes de otros países, e
identificar las más destacadas contribuciones de personalidades de las vanguardias al medio,
como Enrique Jardiel Poncela, Ramón Gómez de la Serna o Tomás Borrás, incluyendo por
primera vez aquí la figura de la escritora peruana Rosa Arciniega.
Aprender un oficio nuevo a los 90 años: María Lejárraga (María Martínez Sierra) y la radio en su exilio porteño.
Authors: Aguilera Sastre Juan
Published: December 2024

Abordamos en este artículo un aspecto poco conocido de la vida y obra de la dramaturga
española María de la O Lejárraga (María Martínez Sierra): su relación con la radio, en especial
durante su exilio en Buenos Aires entre 1951 y 1974. Tras una breve panorámica de lo que
había sido su participación en las emisiones radiofónicas en España, desde sus orígenes hasta
el final de la etapa republicana y su primer exilio en Francia, además de una breve colaboración
con la sección hispanoamericana de la BBC en 1946, se analizan los trabajos radiofónicos que
realizó en Buenos Aires, muchos de ellos inéditos, en especial para la Radio Nacional
Argentina y, en menor medida, para la Radio Municipal. Para la cadena estatal escribió varias
series sobre diferentes temáticas (Cómo sueñan los hombres a las mujeres y Mis fantasmas) y
tuvo un papel destacado en el programa de radioteatro Las dos carátulas. En él se emitieron
obras de su firma, estrenó textos y adaptaciones, como Rinconete y Cortadillo o La muerte de
la matriarca, hizo presentaciones de otros autores contemporáneos, como Emilia Pardo Bazán
o Jacinto Benavente, e incluso llegó a promocionar a algunos jóvenes escritores españoles de
la época, como Lauro Olmo, Antonio Gala o José Luis Sampedro.
Ficción sonora y artes escénicas. Historia de un diálogo ilustrado en cuatro piezas de la radio mexicana (1930-1990).
Authors: Ponce Capdeville Berenice
Published: December 2024

La relación entre las artes escénicas y el mundo sonoro tiene un amplio recorrido donde ambos
se han nutrido de manera recíproca. Sin embargo, el aspecto sonoro de las representaciones
escénicas ha ocupado un plano secundario entre los investigadores y creadores dentro de este
ámbito. El presente artículo explora momentos puntuales de encuentros y distanciamientos
entre la radio y las artes escénicas a partir de las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cómo
varió la articulación de la puesta en escena radiofónica hasta cristalizar en un lenguaje propio?
¿Qué elementos dotaron a la ficción sonora de una expresividad y estética con cualidades
artísticas? Y, finalmente, ¿de qué manera la narrativa sonora podría aportar a las artes
escénicas?
El objetivo de este artículo es destacar la expresividad narrativa y dramática del sonido,
resaltando el trabajo de los artistas sonoros en la recreación de la puesta en escena sonora,
mediante el análisis y descripción de cuatro ficciones sonoras correspondientes a distintas
etapas de la radio mexicana: Sueño de día (1939), Ha llegado el momento (1939), Martín
Corona (1950) y Cuando la radio conmovió al mundo (1990). Estas piezas ilustran aspectos
relevantes de los intercambios creativos entre la ficción sonora y las artes escénicas, en
particular el teatro, y podrían aportar algunos elementos para desarrollar el potencial expresivo
y estético del sonido en escena. En suma, proponemos el diálogo entre los artistas e
investigadores de ambos campos artísticos para compartir recursos, explorarlos e innovar.
On the Concept of Opportunity Cost in Integrated Demand Management and Vehicle Routing
Authors: Fleckenstein David , Klein Robert , Klein Vienna , Steinhardt Claudius
Published: December 2024

Integrated demand management and vehicle routing problems are characterized by a stream of customers arriving dynamically over a booking horizon and requesting logistical services, fulfilled by a given fleet of vehicles during a service horizon. Prominent examples are attended home delivery and same-day delivery problems, where customers commonly have heterogeneous preferences regarding service fulfillment and requests differ in profitability. Thus, demand management methods are applied to steer the booking process to maximize total profit considering the cost of the routing decisions for the resulting orders. To measure the requests’ profitability for any demand management method, it is common to estimate their opportunity cost. In the context of integrated demand management and vehicle routing problems, this estimation differs substantially from the estimation in the well-examined demand management problems of traditional revenue management applications as, for example, found in the airline or car rental industry. This is because of the unique interrelation of demand control decisions and vehicle routing decisions as it inhibits a clear quantification and attribution of cost, and of displaced revenue, to certain customer requests. In this paper, we extend the theoretical foundation of opportunity cost in integrated demand management and vehicle routing problems. By defining and analyzing a generic Markov decision process model, we formally derive a definition of opportunity cost and prove opportunity cost properties on a general level. Hence, our findings are valid for a wide range of specific problems. Further, based on these theoretical findings, we propose approximation approaches that have not yet been applied in the existing literature, and evaluate their potential in a computational study. Thereby, we provide evidence that the theoretical results can be practically exploited in the development of solution algorithms.

Funding: This work was supported by the University of the Bundeswehr Munich.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2024.0644 .
Regular physical activity and high educational attainment positively affect cognitive function among older adults
Authors: Kang Suh-Jung
Published: December 2024

Although educational attainment and physical activity tend to determine cognitive function among older adults, studies have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine how physical activity and educational attainment relate to the cognitive function of older adults. Educational attainment was determined based on the total number of years of education received from formal educational institutions. All participants were classified as active or sedentary according to the Stanford Brief Activity Survey. Thereon, the participants were divided into four groups based on educational attainment and physical activity levels: the low education-sedentary (LESG; n= 29, 74.06± 5.39 years), low education-active (LEAG; n = 34, 73.97 ± 4.74 years), high education-sedentary (HESG; n = 26, 74.34 ± 5.17 years), and high education-active groups (HEAG; n= 26, 74.11± 4.53 years). Four domains of cognitive function were assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery: attention, visuospatial function, memory, and frontal/executive function. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate differences in cognitive function between the four groups, setting the low education-sedentary group as the reference. Among the domain of cognitive function, attention differed significantly in the LESG from that in the HESG and HEAG. Educational attainment and physical activity levels influence cognitive function. A greater number of early-life educational experiences and regular physical activity in old age enhanced the cognitive function of older adults.
Australian and New Zealand ambulance guidelines for neck-of-femur fractures
Authors: Moore Emma , Stanton Robert , Clift Katie , Heales Luke J , Obst Steven
Published: December 2024

Background:

Neck-of-femur (NOF) fractures are common, complex injuries. Paramedics frequently respond to suspected NOF fractures; however, the unique challenges associated with NOF fractures make it critical that prehospital care provided by paramedics is patient-centred and evidence-based.

Aims:

This study aimed to identify and appraise Australian and New Zealand ambulance service clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of NOF fractures.

Methods:

CPGs from eight Australian and two New Zealand ambulance services were identified and manually searched using a priori search terms, their table of contents, and embedded search functions (i.e. mobile apps) to find standalone CPGs for NOF fractures.

Findings:

No standalone CPG for prehospital NOF fracture management was identified. Five guidelines included the tern ‘NOF’ in the context of general-fracture management or as an indication for advanced pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions:

The absence of CPGs for NOF fractures could negatively impact patient experience and health outcomes. Efforts should be applied to develop such a CPG to optimise prehospital care.
Prolonged field care principles in civilian emergency medical services
Authors: O'Kelly Aebhric
Published: December 2024

Prolonged field care (PFC), traditionally rooted in military medicine, is becoming increasingly relevant in UK civilian paramedic practice owing to extended hospital admission delays. In this month's COROM feature, Aebrhic O'Kelly explains how this paradigm shift necessitates that ambulance clinicians adapt to care provision over extended periods beyond the ‘golden hour.’
The rise of modern-type entomofauna in the Triassic
Authors: GUI SHUANGMAO , GAO SHANG , LIU YVCHU , CHU DAOLAING , DAL CORSO JACOPO , TONG JINNAN , TIAN LI
Published: December 2024

Insects are the major contributor of Earth’s biodiversity, as the most diverse group in the modern biosphere. Considerable debates on the timing of entomofauna modernization remain, but most recent studies indicate it could have happened during the Triassic, following the “Great Dying” across the Permian–Triassic boundary. Using global insect diversity data and fossil records of select representative faunas, we performed computational analysis and comparative research to explore the compositional dynamics of entomofauna in the Permian and Triassic. Our analysis shows that: 1) following the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, insect diversity rapidly increased in the Anisian Stage of the Middle Triassic; 2) modern-dominating orders, such as Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera exceeded half of the total diversity in the Ladinian; 3) In the Carnian of the Late Triassic, Coleoptera had emerged to be the dominating group of the entomofauna. These findings indicate that the rise of modern-typed entomofauna can be traced back to the Ladinian–Carnian (late Middle Triassic–early Late Triassic), much earlier than the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution.
New mecopteran insects from the Middle Jurassic Yangshuzhuang Formation of Jiyuan Basin, China
Authors: LIAN XIN-NENG
Published: December 2024

The Middle Jurassic Yangshuzhuang Formation in the Jiyuan Basin is rich in fossil insects; however, mecopterans have not been previously reported from this formation. Herein, we describe and illustrate five new species and two new genera of the ‘Orthophlebiidae’ sensu lato from the Yangshuzhuang Formation: Protorthophlebia gracilis sp. nov., Protorthophlebia curvata sp. nov., and Jiyuanphlebia incompleta gen. et sp. nov. of Protorthophlebiidae, as well as Orthophlebia picta sp. nov., and Quadrivena jiyuanensis gen. et sp. nov. of Orthophlebiidae. Additionally, four new specimens are assigned to Orthophlebia quadrimacula Lin, 1982, as they share same coloured markings and similar venational pattern. Ten hindwing specimens of ‘Orthophlebiidae’ are also described and illustrated, representing eight distinct wing forms. Seven forewings and one possibly forewing of incompletely preserved are illustrated as at least five wing forms of ‘Orthophlebiidae’. A fragmentary specimen is assigned to Mesopsychidae, although it can only be identified at familial level. Our findings indicated that the ‘Orthophlebiidae’ sensu lato were diverse in Jiyuan Basin during the Middle Jurassic, increasing the palaeodiversity of this group during the Jurassic. Moreover, the discovery of the same species in both the Yangshuzhuang Formation and the Zhiluo Formation suggests a potential stratigraphic correlation between these two formations.
Recording dynamic facial micro-expressions with a multi-focus camera array
Authors: Kreiss Lucas , Tang Weiheng , Balla Ramana , Yang Xi , Chaware Amey , Kim Kanghyun , Cook Clare B. , Begue Aurelien , Dugo Clay , Harfouche Mark , Zhou Kevin C. , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: December 2024

We present a multi-camera array for capturing dynamic high-resolution videos of the human face. Compared to traditional single-camera configurations, our array of 54 individual cameras allows stitching of high-resolution composite video frames (709 megapixels total). In our novel multi-focus strategy, each camera in the array focuses on a unique object plane to resolve non-planar surfaces at a higher resolution than a standard single-lens camera design. By overcoming the standard resolution and depth-of-field (DOF) tradeoffs, we use our array design to capture video of macroscopically curved surfaces such as the human face at a lateral resolution of 26.14 ± 5.8 µm across a composite DOF of ∼43 mm that covers the entire face (85 cm2+ FOV). Compared to a single-focus configuration, this is almost a 10-fold increase in effective DOF. We demonstrate how our multi-focus camera array can capture dynamic facial expressions at microscopic resolution with relevance in several biomedical applications.
Three-dimensional single-pixel imaging using a fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Authors: Zou Kai , Meng Yun , Li Song , Hu Xiaolong
Published: December 2024

Faint-light imaging plays an important role in applications including fluorescence-lifetime microscopy and remote sensing. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) outperform other single-photon detectors in terms of comprehensive performance, however, large-format SNSPD imagers with many pixels remain an outstanding technological challenge. Here, as an alternative route, we use a multimode-fiber-coupled fractal SNSPD as the light-sensing element to perform three-dimensional single-pixel imaging at the wavelength of 1560 nm. We demonstrate a depth resolution of less than 6 mm with image resolution of 64 × 64 pixels. By further using a compressive-sensing scheme, the system is capable of reconstructing images with a resolution of 128 × 128 pixels and a maximum photon count per pixel fewer than 1.
Scalar far-field diffraction modelling using nonuniform fast Fourier transform for diffractive optical phase elements design
Authors: Li Yanqiu , Zheng Lei , Caspary Reinhard , Roth Bernhard
Published: December 2024

Due to their advantages of compact geometries and lightweight, diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are attractive in various applications such as sensing, imaging and holographic display. When designing DOEs based on algorithms, a diffraction model is required to trace the diffracted light propagation and to predict the performance. To have more precise diffraction field tracing and optical performance simulation, different diffraction models have been proposed and developed. However, they are limited in diffraction angles or still suffer from serious aberrations within the nonparaxial region in the far-field, which are not desired for the aforementioned applications. In this work, we developed an optimized diffraction modelling method using a nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) to minimize the aberrations in the nonparaxial diffraction area in the far field for DOE design. The simulation result shows that the imaging distortion of DOE designed using iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) with integration of our proposed diffraction modelling method was effectively optimized. Moreover, the designed DOE has a diffraction efficiency of 90.73% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.4817. It exhibits 7.17% higher in diffraction efficiency and 8.59% smaller in RMSE (0.0453), respectively, compared to DOE designed with a diffraction modelling method by directly taking nonuniform diffraction sampling points that are mapped from the diffracted wavefronts surface on the output plane, which has a diffraction efficiency of 83.56% and a RMSE of 0.5270. Furthermore, a compensation matrix was introduced into the developed diffraction model to further improve the imaging quality of designed DOE. A further increase of diffraction efficiency by 0.18% and a decrease of RMSE by 12.43% (0.0599) were achieved. In addition, we also utilized the proposed approach for DOE design in the case of off-axis diffraction, and diffraction fields with an incident illumination angle up to 30° can be reconstructed and simulated.
MMI combiner integrated 4 × 50 Gb/s array of directly modulated 1.3 µm DFB lasers with MQW-based passive reflectors
Authors: Zhu Xuyuan , La Xiaobo , Li Huan , Zhou Daibing , Lu Dan , Zhao Lingjuan , Liang Song
Published: December 2024

We report an InP-based MMI combiner integrated array of 4 channel directly modulated 1.3 µm distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Each laser channel in the array has an active DFB section and a passive distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) section. Both sections have the same InGaAlAs multi-quantum wells (MQWs) and the same grating pitch, which simplify the device design and fabrication. The 3 dB direct modulation bandwidth is larger than 28 GHz for all four channels. 25 Gb/s NRZ and 50 Gb/s PAM4 data modulations on each channel are demonstrated. The reported device is a promising low-cost monolithic light source for high capacity WDM optical communication systems.
Quantum diffusion of pure-quartic solitons in a laser cavity
Authors: Zou Defeng , Guo Penglai , Liu Runmin , Zhang Aoyan , Li Jialong , Chen Gina Jinna , Dang Hong , Li Xiaohui , Song Youjian , Shum Perry Ping
Published: December 2024

Ultrashort pulses experience random quantum motion as they propagate through a mode-locked laser cavity, a phenomenon that inevitably affects the recently introduced pure-quartic solitons. Investigating this process is essential, as quantum-limited noise establishes fundamental performance limits for their application. To date, studies on quantum diffusion and the resulting timing jitter of these solitons remain sparse. In this work, we examine the quantum motion of pure-quartic solitons by injecting amplified spontaneous emission noise into the gain medium, measuring their relative position, and performing analyses using Allan variance and timing jitter power spectral density. Our simulation findings reveal that long-range interactions due to pulse tailing can lead to high-frequency noise, which can be effectively filtered out. In the near-zero dispersion regime, we achieve quantum-limited noise levels significantly less than 1 fs. Good agreement is observed between the analytical model and the simulation results. This work provides insights into the noise levels and mechanisms of pure-quartic solitons and can be extended to more complex scenarios, such as pure-quartic Kerr solitons, and studies on the dynamics of higher-order dispersion solitons.
Scintillation of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in a turbulent atmosphere and plasma link
Authors: Yuan Yangsheng , Zhao Lingling , Geng Yihan , Gao Yaru , Cai Yangjian , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2024

Scintillation restricts the development of free space optical communication in near-space hypersonic vehicles. We derived analytical formulae for the on-axis scintillation index of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in a bidirectional turbulent atmosphere and plasma link based on the Collins formula. The numerical results indicate that over long-distance propagation ranges, the on-axis scintillation index of a partially coherent flat-topped beam in bidirectional transmission is smaller than that of a Gaussian Schell model beam under the same conditions. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for free-space optical communications.
High-sensitivity optical fiber seawater temperature and pressure sensor with a low-error demodulation method
Authors: Xu Yan , Huang Xiaoyan , Chen Zekun , Yu Yang , Chen Yuren , Cui Chenghao , Liu Tianrun , Luo Hong , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: December 2024

Using a single optical microfiber (OM) sensor for multi-parameter sensing can lead to significant demodulation error due to ill-conditioned matrices and nonlinear response characteristics. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel specially packaged optical microfiber coupler combined with a silver mirror (OMCM). OMCM is combined with a mechanically enhanced sensitivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to form a temperature-pressure sensor. The temperature sensitivity exceeds -1.7 nm/°C while the pressure sensitivity reaches 53.435 nm/MPa, with a depth resolution of 0.935 cm. According to the characteristics of the sensor spectrum, this paper proposes a new demodulation method, which combines machine learning methods with a traditional wavelength-tracking method to achieve low demodulation error. For temperature and pressure, the mean absolute percentage errors are 0.04% and 1.31%, respectively. This feature facilitates the detection of minute changes in shallow marine environments, lacustrine systems, and other aquatic habitats, thus making it highly suitable for applications such as underwater aquaculture and marine monitoring.
Characterization of SPR and cavity modes in one-dimensional (1D) gold nanograting chips: figure of merit analysis and implications for Raman signal enhancement
Authors: Nurrohman Devi Taufiq , Cagayan Gerald Reymari Acoba , Chiu Nan-Fu
Published: December 2024

The optical properties of the 1D nanograting chip have been explored based on computational and experimental studies. Dispersion curve analysis demonstrates cavity and surface plasmon modes in the 1D nanograting chips with periods of 400 nm and 800 nm. In this grating period range, the cut-off period is at a grating period of 644 nm under excitation with a wavelength of 670 nm. Among the two investigated chips, the chip with a grating period of 800 nm is more promising for application as a dual-mode sensor based on SPR/Raman. By using the angle interrogation method, this chip has a figure of merit (FOM), which is 3.23 times higher than the 1D nanograting chip with a period of 400 nm. In the same system, Raman measurements have also been performed using Rhodamine 6 G (R6 G) as the standard material. The experimental results show that the Raman signal measured at the grating resonance angle shows higher intensity than the Raman measurement without Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor. SPR-induced electromagnetic enhancement plays an important role in amplifying Raman signals in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and this approach is very promising to be further developed to obtain sensors that are not only sensitive but also accurate.
Aberration analysis of reflective and transmissive type optical spectrometer using Zemax
Authors: Naeem Muddasir , Imran Tayyab
Published: December 2024

This study presents a detailed analysis of geometrical aberrations in reflective and transmissive optical spectrometers using Zemax optical design software. Wavefront aberration, a standard metric for assessing geometrical aberration in optical systems, is employed to evaluate performance. Spectrometers are designed in sequential mode and analyzed with the physical optics propagation (POP) algorithm. Key performance metrics, such as optical path difference (OPD), transverse ray plot, spot diagram, modulation transfer function (MTF), and geometric encircled energy, are used to assess the spectrometers. This analysis aims to study aberration effects that cause distorted and blurry spectra, ultimately impacting spectrometer accuracy and efficiency. A comparative analysis of both spectrometers in the visible range for zero and first-order diffraction grating is reported. Line and edge spread functions are simulated to examine the spectrometer’s resolution capability. This study comprehensively compares optical spectrometers, highlighting their applicability across various fields.
Hypothesis generation for rare and undiagnosed diseases through clustering and classifying time-versioned biological ontologies
Authors: Bradshaw Michael S. , Gibbs Connor , Martin Skylar , Firman Taylor , Gaskell Alisa , Fosdick Bailey , Layer Ryan
Published: December 2024

Rare diseases affect 1-in-10 people in the United States and despite increased genetic testing, up to half never receive a diagnosis. Even when using advanced genome sequencing platforms to discover variants, if there is no connection between the variants found in the patient’s genome and their phenotypes in the literature, then the patient will remain undiagnosed. When a direct variant-phenotype connection is not known, putting a patient’s information in the larger context of phenotype relationships and protein-protein interactions may provide an opportunity to find an indirect explanation. Databases such as STRING contain millions of protein-protein interactions, and the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) contains the relations of thousands of phenotypes. By integrating these networks and clustering the entities within, we can potentially discover latent gene-to-phenotype connections. The historical records for STRING and HPO provide a unique opportunity to create a network time series for evaluating the cluster significance. Most excitingly, working with Children’s Hospital Colorado, we have provided promising hypotheses about latent gene-to-phenotype connections for 38 patients. We also provide potential answers for 14 patients listed on MyGene2. Clusters our tool finds significant harbor 2.35 to 8.72 times as many gene-to-phenotype edges inferred from known drug interactions than clusters found to be insignificant. Our tool, BOCC, is available as a web app and command line tool.
Psychosocial work stressors and mental health in Ph.D. students in Germany—Evidence from two cross-sectional samples
Authors: Heming Meike , Angerer Peter , Diebig Mathias
Published: December 2024

Background

Ph.D. students have been shown to report a lower mental health status compared to the general population. However, not much is known about the impact of psychosocial work stressors that could contribute to their increased risks of mental health symptoms. This study aims firstly to assess levels of psychosocial stressors, perceived stress, and mental health symptoms in Ph.D. students. Second, it investigates which psychosocial stressors are most strongly associated with mental health symptoms and perceived stress.

Methods

One self-reported questionnaire was distributed among Ph.D. students at one university in Germany, in summer 2023 (T1) and winter 2023/2024 (T2). Psychosocial stressors were assessed with the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire and with the 16-item DYNAMIK questionnaire. Mental health symptoms were assessed with the 12-item-version of the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Perceived stress levels were assessed with the 10-item perceived stress scale (PSS). Within a cross-sectional study design, multiple linear regression analyses were performed in two study samples (n = 267 at T1; n = 244 at T2).

Results

Ph.D. students reported an imbalance between effort and reward in both study samples (T1: M = 1.34, SD = 0.45; T2: M = 1.27, SD = 0.52). Effort-reward-ratio, boundary permeability, and leader support were associated with mental health symptoms and perceived stress in both study samples, when controlled for age and gender. For example, effort-reward-ratio showed a meaningful impact on mental health symptoms for the study sample at T2 (B = 3.85; p < .05, adj. R2 = 0.288).

Discussion

Both study samples showed high prevalence of mental health symptoms and effort-reward imbalance also in comparison to other research findings. An imbalance between effort and reward, boundary permeability and leader support show the most strongly associations with mental health symptoms and perceived stress. Future longitudinal studies could help to support our findings in terms of a causal stressor-strain association. Universities should focus on mental health of Ph.D. students and direct their support towards promoting student-supervisor relationships and clear guidelines for Ph.D. students’ working hours.
construcción de edificios de escuelas rurales nacionales en las provincias (Argentina 1956-1980)
Authors: Petitti Eva Mara
Published: December 2024

En esta investigación nos interesa aproximarnos al estudio de las políticas orientadas a la construcción de escuelas primarias dependientes del Consejo Nacional de Educación (CNE), ubicadas centralmente en espacios rurales de las provincias, entre 1956 y 1978. Es decir, aquellas escuelas fundadas en las provincias para complementar la obra de los gobiernos locales y las creadas en Colonias Nacionales y Territorios Nacionales que hacia 1956 habían sido provincializados. Partimos de tres hipótesis. En primer lugar, mostramos que la mayor parte de las escuelas transferidas, estaban ubicadas en espacios rurales. En segundo lugar, sostenemos que el proyecto descentralizador iniciado a partir de 1956, se expresó en las políticas de construcción escolar: aquellos gobiernos que orientaron su política a la transferencia la desatendieron o la hicieron descansar en las provincias. Por último, señalamos que el cambio en la forma de financiar la educación que implicó la transferencia de escuelas primarias y la aprobación de un programa con financiamiento externo, orientado centralmente a la construcción escolar, encontró como base la demanda de las provincias argentinas para resolver las problemáticas vinculadas a la situación de los edificios escolares.
¿Un invento argentino? Trayectoria inicial del sistema de almacenamiento en bolsas plásticas (1968-1997)
Authors: Arrarás Juan
Published: December 2024

En este artículo estableceremos una cartografía sobre la trayectoria inicial del sistema de almacenamiento en bolsas plásticas desde su invención en la Alemania Federal de la década del ’60 hasta su ingreso a la Argentina a inicios de la década del ’90. Al abordar el desplazamiento entre ambos momentos, haremos hincapié en la cadena de asociaciones que convergieron en torno a la creación, desarrollo y difusión de las múltiples versiones que presentó la máquina embolsadora y lo que en primera instancia fue considerado un mero implemento de ésta: el silo-bolsa.  Esta vía de acceso nos permitirá adentrarnos en los albores de una tecnología que con el tiempo generó vastas transformaciones en el ámbito local, sin perder la oportunidad de profundizar en la confluencia de intereses que inicialmente actuó de sustento para que ello sucediese.
Representaciones, memorias y simbolismo: el arte de curar ganado con rezo en el valle del Patía (departamento del Cauca, Colombia)
Authors: Quiñonez Rodríguez Carlos Daniel
Published: December 2024

Aquí se entrega una visión etnográfica de la praxis de curar ganado con rezo en el valle del Patía, en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Este oficio se ha convertido en parte de la identidad de los patianos y patianas y está siendo transmitido generacionalmente como un elemento simbólico de su cultura. Esta habilidad es una manifestación poco estudiada por disciplinas como la Geografía, Antropología e Historia. Esta ausencia de información motivó el inicio de esta investigación que utilizó entrevistas y las epistemes locales como principales métodos de análisis. Busca como intención primordial, destacar la relevancia de la cura del ganado con rezo en el territorio. En este artículo, se entiende a esta práctica (el de la cura del ganado con rezo) como una representación identitaria de la población Afropatiana que ayuda a la forma en que la comunidad ha resignificado su espacio y ha hecho de su cultura una extensión de ellos mismos, demostrando la interdependencia entre las condiciones naturales, la identidad e idiosincrasia.
“La gente del barrio es muy trabajadora”. Un análisis de las experiencias residenciales y los imaginarios urbanos en un barrio de la ciudad de Rafaela, Argentina
Authors: Zenklusen Denise , Batiston Victoria , Russo Mario
Published: December 2024

En América Latina, el acceso a la vivienda se constituyó como un problema histórico. En Argentina,  los programas de construcción de viviendas del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda tuvieron como objetivo garantizar el acceso al hábitat y contrarrestar el déficit habitacional. A partir de un proyecto colaborativo de intervención-investigación, con base en un trabajo de campo cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas y fotografías, este artículo se propone reflexionar sobre las experiencias residenciales y los imaginarios urbanos de vecinos y vecinas que habitan un barrio surgido de un programa de viviendas en 1986 en la ciudad de Rafaela, provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Partimos del supuesto de que las experiencias residenciales en torno al acceso a la vivienda y a la consolidación de un barrio construyen imaginarios urbanos que se sostienen a lo largo del tiempo y disputan sentidos sobre la ciudad.
ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OBJECTIVE LINEAR ROBUST OPTIMIZATION MODEL WITH LEXICOGRAPHICAL METHOD
Authors: Azis Chusnul Chatimah , Chaerani Diah , Rusyaman Endang
Published: December 2024

Problems in robust multi-objective linear optimization are a class of optimization problems with uncertain data parameters which aim in the decision-making process to obtain the best results in certain circumstances by choosing various solution methods for the multi-objective. This research aims to formulate a multi-objective Robust Optimization (RO) model using the Lexicographic Method, then analyzing the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Furthermore, gap analysis on the topic was carried out using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) method. Results in SLR, the analysis results also shows that the Lexicographic Method is effective in handling data uncertainty with the objective functions sorted by priority. The robust formulation with polyhedral uncertainty sets ensures the flexibility and adaptability of the model. Convexity analysis and application of the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) method prove that the resulting solution is exist and unique.