bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body, Power, Desire: Mapping Canadian Body History
Authors: Helps Lisa
Published: December 2016

Taking into consideration the theoretical literature on the body generated in various disciplines and recent approaches to the body in Canadian historical writing, this essay argues that attention to the power of the body as defined by Spinoza, Nietzsche, and Gilles Deleuze can offer new possibilities for historical praxis. An exploration of works on women’s bodies and medicine, children’s bodies, the bodies of First Nations peoples, and the treatment of dead bodies, as well as a discussion of the author’s work on vagrancy, homelessness, and city building on Canada’s west coast, demonstrates that doing history through the body does not simply mean doing body history. Conceiving the body as a site of historical investigation can flesh out and shed new light on many seemingly disembodied historical processes, such as relationships between children and parents, colonization, community development, and city building.
Writing across the Rural-Urban Divide: The Case of Peter McArthur, 1909-24
Authors: Crerar Adam
Published: December 2016

From 1909 until his death in 1924, Peter McArthur became one of Canada’s most popular writers by describing life on his Middlesex County farm in articles for the Toronto Globe and the Farmer’s Advocate of London, Ontario. That he was able to appeal to both rural and urban readers is interesting in two respects: it suggests that the lines between the country and the city were considerably more amorphous than contemporary rhetoric has suggested, and it provides an example of anti-modernist writing that gave as much pleasure to the “folk” as it did to the urban middle-class.
West Coast Picturesque: Class, Gender, and Race in a British Colonial Landscape, 1858-71
Authors: Little J.I.
Published: December 2016

This essay examines the letters, diaries, and memoirs written by a number of middle-class Englishmen relating their experiences on the west coast of British North America during the colonial era. It focusses on their perceptions of the physical environment, disproving the assumption that appreciative depictions of British Columbia’s mountainous landscape emerged only in the late nineteenth century. It also challenges the belief that there was a distinctive difference between the male and female colonializing gazes of the Victorian era, and it speculates as to why, in contrast to other contexts, there was a sharp disjunction between the descriptions of the physical environment and those of its indigenous peoples.
“The Dene Way of Life”: Perspectives on Health From Canada’s North
Authors: Parlee Brenda , O’Neil John
Published: December 2016

The health and wellness of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples is often measured in narrow biomedical terms with little consideration given to how health is conceptualized in Aboriginal communities. This study attempts to address this gap by providing a perspective on health and wellness developed in collaboration with the Dene community of Lutsel K’e, Northwest Territories. The research was carried out in the wake of the environmental assessment of Canada’s first diamond mine, located in the traditional territory of Lutsel K’e Dene First Nation. The study focussed on the questions “What is health?” and “What kinds of indicators would be useful for measuring the effects of diamond mining on the health of community?” Health was defined in the local language as “the Dene way of life.” Three core themes, 13 sub-themes and over 50 indicators of health were also identified through semi-structured interviews with individual community members. These indicators refer to many aspects of day-to-day life in Lutsel K’e, tying the concept of health, often discussed in theoretical terms, to tactile elements and processes at work at individual, household, and community levels. Interwoven in these narratives is a discourse about the importance of Dene values, knowledge, and institutions. The work is also telling of how small, remote northern communities respond to and resist the social, economic, and cultural pressures associated with natural resource development.
Big Persons, Small Voices: On Governance, Obesity, and the Narrative of the Failed Citizen
Authors: Elliott Charlene D.
Published: December 2016

This essay probes the connection between obesity and citizenship in Canada, outlining the ways in which the fat body or “failed body project” is equally positioned as that of the “failed citizen.” It examines how the personal body has been connected to that of the citizen, and traces the evolving narrative that explains why the ideal citizen is, literally and figuratively, a “fit” citizen. Contradictions emerge, because the figurative concept of citizen “fitness” is often mistakenly conflated with the visible look of leanness. The theoretical and practical implications of framing the larger body as a lesser citizen are then explored in light of these contradictions. Given that nearly 60% of adult Canadians—or 14 million people—are classified as overweight or obese, the framing of the fat body as the failed citizen is of considerable significance.
On the Road to Medicare: Newfoundland in the 1960s
Authors: Kealey Linda , Molyneaux Heather
Published: December 2016

Although historians have debated the social, political, and economic consequences of Newfoundland’s decision to join Canada in 1949, very little attention has been devoted to the repercussions of such a change for the new province’s health care system. This essay explores post-war policy debates and initiatives that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s that dealt with shortages of doctors and nurses, the cottage hospital system and its critics, the arrival of hospital insurance, the recommendations of two Royal Commissions and the implementation of universal health insurance. The essay concludes with a discussion of the debate over Medicare that illustrates the tensions and negotiations among the stakeholders, primarily government and the medical profession. These debates reflect earlier tensions between proponents of centralized control and decentralized health care delivery, between local and external models for the health care system, and a continuing focus on shortages of medical personnel as well as the effect of socio-economic conditions on health. Developments in health care post-Confederation form part of a broad modernization thrust with significant and unique challenges for Newfoundland.
A Comforting Past: Skirting Conflict and Complexity at Montgomery’s Inn
Authors: Bonnell Jennifer
Published: December 2016

This essay explores the history of Montgomery’s Inn, a nineteenth-century tavern redeveloped in the 1960s as a community museum in the Toronto suburb of Etobicoke. The inn becomes an interesting microcosm for the nature of 1960s commemorations: the weakness of the site lies not in its selection of artifacts or historical themes, but rather in its representation of the past as a simpler and more harmonious time, removed from complexity and the forces of change. This tendency to romanticize the past is due in part to forces at work in the period in which the museum was established. The essay compares aspects of the site’s interpretation of the past with the existing historiography on life in mid-nineteenth-century Upper Canada/Canada West. It shows that the “authentic” past at Montgomery’s Inn, as much as we can know it, was far from simple and harmonious.
Out of Step or Leading the Parade? Public Opinion about Income Support Policy in Alberta, 1995 and 2004
Authors: Gazso Amber , Krahn Harvey
Published: December 2016

This essay examines changing public opinion on a contentious political topic in the province of Alberta, namely, the two waves of “welfare reform” initiated by the Conservative government from the mid-1990s onwards. Province-wide public opinion data collected in 1995 and 2004 are compared to determine whether support for government spending on social assistance decreased following a decade of Conservative government preoccupation with deficit/debt reduction, or increased because the deficit had been eliminated, the provincial debt was about to be cleared, and the government began asking how budget surpluses should be managed. We find that support for social assistance increased, substantially, and among all population sub-groups. In fact, even back in 1995, there was surprisingly little support for cuts to welfare spending. The implications of this disconnect between public preferences and government policies for low-income Albertans and other citizens are discussed.
A Mixed Record: Gender and Saskatchewan Social Democracy
Authors: McGrane David
Published: December 2016

By examining the case of Saskatchewan, this article contributes to the debate over whether social democratic governments increase women’s representation in legislatures and enact policies that are favourable to women. Despite initial openness to women’s concerns in early agrarian protest organizations, Saskatchewan social democracy has never moved past liberal feminist ideology. All three Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and New Democratic Party (NDP) governments in Saskatchewan, however, had better records on women’s issues than the Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments that preceded them, who eschewed any form of feminist thinking and did little to address women’s issues. Women’s participation within the provincial economy, the militancy of women within social democratic organizations and non-partisan women’s organizations, the perseverance of patriarchal political culture, and the persistence of male-dominated political institutions are critical factors in explaining the evolution of the relationship between gender and social democracy in Saskatchewan.
The British Columbia View of Cartoonist J.B. Fitzmaurice, 1908-1909
Authors: Anderson Robin
Published: December 2016

This essay is both an introduction to and an examination of the early political and social affairs cartoons of Vancouver Province newspaper cartoonist James B. Fitzmaurice (1875-1926), who used the tools of visual rhetoric to create an imagined consensus in British Columbia. In the years 1908-1909, Fitzmaurice consistently presented a British Columbian view on a range of political and social issues, a view that was constructed using a commonly understood visual rhetoric that privileged certain partisan groups and specific class, gender, and racial/ethnic beliefs. The essay further explains why Fitzmaurice abandoned his British Columbia view for other less critical themes during and shortly after the First World War.
Twice Born: The Origins of the Foundation Assisting Canadian Talent on Recordings (FACTOR), 1982-86
Authors: Spalding Eric
Published: December 2016

The Foundation Assisting Canadian Talent on Recordings (FACTOR) has existed since 1982. Its history exemplifies how first the private and then the public sector attempted to resolve the problem of supporting a neglected cultural industry in Canada. Recounting the history of FACTOR also addresses key issues that other cultural agencies in Canada have had to face. The essay proceeds in rough chronological order to describe the socio-political context that led to the creation of FACTOR, born first in 1982 as a private initiative and again in 1986 as a public-private partnership.
Wildlifewriting? Animal Stories and Indigenous Claims in Ernest Thompson Seton’s Wild Animals I Have Known
Authors: Jones Manina
Published: December 2016

This essay examines nature writer Ernest Thompson Seton’s 1898 short story collection Wild Animals I Have Known, considering the implications of moving beyond simply representing nature to reckoning with the non-human other as a subject of self-inscription. Seton’s popular animal stories represent a moment of cultural tension between resistant and colonizing discourses about nature in the late nineteenth century: they both propose the radical possibility of discursive agency within nature and limit the subversive potential of that agency by framing it within then-current conventions of modernity that involve nostalgia for a inexorably vanishing wilderness. In this, Wild Animals I Have Known mirrors contemporary anxieties about the inscriptive agency of Aboriginal cultural others.
“Thanks be to God that I am Elected to Canada”: The Formulation of the Black Canadian Jeremiad, 1830-61
Authors: Harrell Willie J.
Published: December 2016

This essay identifies the Black Canadian jeremiad, 1830-61, which grew and flourished from the African-American jeremiad and its polemics. A study of this importance places the jeremiad within the context of Black Canadian protest. To deliver their jeremiads to Canadian audiences and seek aid in the deconstruction of American and Canadian racial prejudice, Black Canadian Jeremiahs used various means and associations, and utilized the rhetoric of the jeremiad to demonstrate Black devotion to self-determination. They also employed the jeremiad to contest pro-slavery ideas in both the United States and Canada. The rhetoric of the Black Canadian jeremiad was situated, then, in the context of two evolving debates: 1) American slavery and 2) Canadian prejudice.
Digital Storytelling and Implicated Scholarship in the Classroom
Authors: Fletcher Christopher , Cambre Carolina
Published: December 2016

This essay describes the development of digital storytelling as a popular multimedia work and how the authors have applied it in the university classroom. As a pedagogical tool, digital storytelling offers a unique learning experience for students. The authors explore student discourse about the learning and situate this experience within a framework of implicated scholarship, an ongoing engagement between the academy and society. Implicated scholarship is developed in the methodology and practice of the French visual ethnographer Jean Rouch and has a deep historical lineage running through Canadian applied anthropology. Digital storytelling in an implicated vein protects and illuminates social complexity.
“Life is Sweet”: Vulnerability and Composure in the Wartime Narratives of Japanese Canadians
Authors: Sugiman Pamela
Published: December 2016

With Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, 22,000 Canadians of Japanese descent were dispossessed of their property and belongings, and uprooted from their British Columbia homes to various sites of internment. Some stayed in these sites for four years or longer. Utilizing the concepts of vulnerability and composure, this essay examines Japanese-Canadian Nisei (second-generation) women’s and men’s mixed narratives of these wartime events. At the same time that narrators describe these years as filled with hardship, turmoil, and racial injustice, they also speak of happy times, kindness, and the sweetness of life. The essay points to ways in which the researcher and narrator work towards a “shared authority” in the presentation and interpretation of these complex memories.
Conversations for the Real World: Shared Authority, Self-Reflexivity, and Process in the Oral History Interview
Authors: Wong Alan
Published: December 2016

This essay explores the notion of self-reflexivity in the oral history interview process. Referring to oral historian Michael Riordan’s attempt to assume the role of the interviewee as a failed experiment, the author tackles the challenge himself. Using this experience as a launching point for his analysis, the author argues that oral historians would benefit from allowing themselves to undergo a life story interview as storytellers. Such an experience can help oral historians improve their ability to be self-reflexive and relate better to their interviewees, thereby enhancing their capacity to achieve what Michael Frisch calls a “shared authority.”
The Practice of History Shared across Differences: Needs, Technologies, and Ways of Knowing in the Megaprojects New Media Project
Authors: Parr Joy , Horssen Jessica Van , Veen Jon van der
Published: December 2016

In this essay, the three authors each discuss how the theme of sharing authority has emerged in their joint work on the Megaprojects New Media project. In part 1, Joy Parr recounts the discussions, dealings, acts of reciprocity, and public advocacy that have characterized her diverse and challenging encounters with communities affected by megaprojects. In part 2, Jessica Van Horssen discusses the particular case of Val Morton, a displaced rancher whose discontinued participation in the project rendered his considerable contributions to it, particularly an archive of documents, a challenge to notions of historical authority. In part 3, Jon van der Veen discusses how new media approaches to sharing such documents can take the form of a middle ground between a narrative and a database, productively drawing on the benefits and drawbacks of each to help others to tell stories with those documents. The authors conclude that it is this sharing of time, information, materials, claims, trust, and finally, public statements between different parties that accounts for the challenges inherent in sharing authority.
Representation in Participatory Video: Some Considerations from Research with Métis in British Columbia
Authors: Evans Mike , Foster Stephen
Published: December 2016

Participatory research is now a central approach for shaping relationships between the academy and marginalized communities and people. Somewhat less developed has been the concern for ensuring that participatory processes have research products that are inclusive and accessible as well. Participatory video has emerged as a key tool in putting together process and product in ways that provide avenues for marginalized communities to participate in both forms of self-research and ways of self-representation. In this essay, the authors discuss the development and progress of two participatory video projects underway with Métis communities in British Columbia. The conditioning factors for the degree and distribution of control over self-representation within participatory video are at least as complex as those within participatory research itself, but none the less doors are opening for marginalized communities via new digital technologies.
Language Rights and Language Choices: The Potential of Inuktitut Literacy
Authors: Hot Aurélie
Published: December 2016

Since the advent of Nunavut, territory-wide debates have brought about new linguistic policies and challenged the dominance of the English language in Nunavut institutions. Through an analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in Iqaluit and Igloolik, this essay confirms that a niche does exist in the labour market for people who read and write syllabics. Nevertheless, a comparison of linguistic practices in the capital (Iqaluit) and a smaller community (Igloolik) suggests that, apart from the elders, the number of people fluent enough in syllabics to read and write on a daily basis is small. The ideal of stable bilingualism rests upon the “inuitization” of the territory’s institutions. This in turn entails a renewed effort to provide learning and practice opportunities for those who wish to write and read their language better.
News and Nationality in Canada, 1890-1930
Authors: Allen Gene
Published: December 2016

Adopting the approach that nationality is primarily a cultural phenomenon, this essay analyzes patterns of national news coverage in Canadian newspapers between 1890 and 1930. Based on an examination of 6,800 articles that appeared in 17 newspapers, the essay concludes that national news presented an image of the nation that focussed heavily and consistently on federal politics and government in Ottawa—the “state” part of the nationstate—and on the province of Ontario. The proportion of coverage devoted to Quebec steadily declined after 1900, while the volume of news about Western Canada increased. Beyond this, newspapers in different areas of the country printed a varying mix of national news (as did French- and English-language newspapers in Quebec), so that the image of the nation differed depending on one’s vantage point. Coverage also varied along rural-urban lines, with smaller localities depicted mainly as places where crime and accidents took place. Over all, national news coverage affirmed both unity and equality (in that all citizens shared a focus on Ottawa and Ontario) and, at the same time, hierarchy and difference (in that other parts of Canada received less attention).
As Canadian as Possible … Under What Circumstances? Public Opinion on National Identity in Canada Outside Quebec
Authors: Raney Tracey
Published: December 2016

Public opinion on national identity in Canada is changing. Using data from the International Social Science Programme, this essay presents evidence that most Canadians have a strong national identity rooted in universal conceptions that everyone can share, such as citizenship. Data also show, however, that a growing number of Canadians define their national identity narrowly, such as through birthplace and religion. Drawing on research from social psychology, the essay suggests that theories of Canadian identity need to take into account the fact that many Canadians have strong national identities that do not fit cleanly into the civic/ethnic theoretical dichotomy.
Linking Traditional Knowledge and Environmental Practice in Ontario
Authors: McGregor Deborah
Published: December 2016

Beginning in the late 1980s with the release of Our Common Future by the World Commission on Environment and Development, followed by the development of international accords such as the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, international pressure to resolve Indigenous rights issues has been steadily mounting. Successive Canadian governments have been striving increasingly to recognize and incorporate Aboriginal traditional knowledge into resource management planning. Following more than a decade of such efforts, the question of how to achieve such incorporation appropriately remains inadequately answered. This essay contributes to the resolution of this issue by first clarifying some key differences between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal definitions of “traditional knowledge.” Then, three Ontario case studies are briefly described that highlight the most and least successful aspects of previous undertakings. Among the lessons learned are the need to value traditional knowledge on a par with Western science while recognizing the particular capabilities of each system, and the requirement that Aboriginal peoples and their knowledge participate on a mutually respectful basis.
Margaret Laurence’s Correspondence with Imperial Oil: An Anti-Imperialist at Work
Authors: Davis Laura K.
Published: December 2016

This essay focusses on an aspect of Margaret Laurence’s business correspondence: the intriguing unpublished letters between Laurence and Richard Nielsen, producer of the television and film company Nielsen-Ferns Ltd., and between Laurence and Gordon Hinch, Public Affairs Department, Imperial Oil. Nielsen and Hinch wanted Laurence to write a television script for them. Laurence refused because the show was to be sponsored by Imperial Oil. The essay examines the ways in which imperial language and values are embedded within the letters from Imperial Oil and Nielsen-Ferns. It also explains why Laurence was a particularly fitting figure to represent these companies’ aims. The essay situates this correspondence within the world oil crisis of the 1970s and the implementation of multiculturalism in Canada. Laurence’s rejection of Nielsen-Ferns and Imperial Oil’s offer, the essay argues, is an extension of her broader condemnation of imperialism, the nuclear arms race, and indeed war itself.
The Moral Equivalent of “Don Cherry”
Authors: Elcombe Tim
Published: December 2016

Hockey pundit Don Cherry stands as one of Canada’s most polarizing figures. His viewpoints tend to elicit reactions of either dogmatic support or outright dismissal in Canada. Supporters view Cherry as a defender of “their game,” and ultimately their country. Critics view him as a simplistic, loud-mouthed, and uninformed sport personality contributing little to Canadian society, or at worst, serving as a socially destructive force. This essay explores the ways that the more complex idea of Don Cherry potentially influences Canadian democratic discourse both positively and negatively. Appropriating Willaim James’s essay on war, Richard Rorty’s ideas about hope and pride in a nationalistic sense, as well as John Ralston Saul’s notions of positive and negative nationalism, the essay contends that while Don Cherry engages Canadians in important moral dialogue and exhibits necessary national pride, he does so in a hopeless and “negative” fashion. The essay concludes that Canadian democracy requires the search for “moral equivalents of Don Cherry.”
Sundance Style: Dancing with Cowboys in Aritha van Herk’s (New) West
Authors: Roberts Katherine Ann
Published: December 2016

Aritha van Herk’s writing—fiction and non-fiction—constitutes one of the defining aspects of Canadian western letters of the last 20 years. Of the multiple Wests at work in her oeuvre, her playful reimaginings of the mythic West / American Wild West (e.g., the romancing of force and violence at the celebrated Calgary Stampede chuckwagon races or her “deconstruction” of the Marlboro Man) have, however, received scant attention from critics. This article will attempt to remedy this critical oversight by exploring the representation of this mythic West as it appears in four of her most recent performance pieces and short stories: “A Fondness for the Bay” (1998), “Washtub Westerns” (2004), “Shooting a Saskatoon (Whatever Happened to the Marlboro Man?)” (2005), and “Leading the Parade” (2006). The author’s purpose here is thus to examine the intersection of gender and the West in these less-studied texts, but also to use them as an inspiration for “the poetics of the crossing”— that is, the development of a specifically North American approach to Canadian literature that posits the Canadian imaginary not in deference to but in relation to the American.
Negotiating Public Space on Canada’s Parliament Hill: Security, Protests, Parliamentary Privilege, and Public Access
Authors: Dance Anne
Published: December 2016

This interdisciplinary essay shows how Canadian scholarship could benefit from a greater understanding of public space on Parliament Hill and the people who organize and use the Parliamentary precinct. It argues that the values and stories Canadians create about the Hill influence key institutional actors who in turn shape events and interactions that unfold every day around the precinct. While space on the Hill is heavily regulated, the precinct acts as a public space because many of the individuals charged with its management perceive and organize it like one, and because Canadians committed to saving abandoned cats, visiting the Peace Tower, or demonstrating for social change use it like one. Nevertheless, interventions by parliamentarians as well as multi-billion-dollar renovations necessitated by the precinct’s crumbling physical infrastructure threaten to reconfigure debates permanently about who can access the Hill.
Activists, Policy Sedimentation, and Policy Change: The Case of Early Childhood Education in Ontario
Authors: Turgeon Luc
Published: December 2016

In 2010, the Government of Ontario enacted Bill 242, which amended the Education Act to allow schools and school boards to operate a full-day learning program for four- and five-year-olds, as well as an extended day-care program. The objective of this essay is to explain the adoption of this unique program. The author argues that the adoption of Bill 242 can be traced back to the mobilization of Ontario early childhood education activists at different levels, from the local to the international, from the 1970s onward, which left policy sediments that formed the basis of the new legislation.
La droite canadienne et l’influence américaine: l’incubateur albertain
Authors: Boily Frédéric
Published: December 2016

Cet article se propose d’examiner l’importance des idées politiques américaines au sein de la culture politique de la droite albertaine et canadienne. Si ailleurs au Canada, on se montre méfiant de cette influence venant du sud de la frontière et qu’elle a été fréquemment dénoncée, les choses sont différentes en Alberta. Cette province est en effet vue comme étant la plus proche des États-Unis, notamment au niveau politique. En s’inspirant de travaux portant sur la culture politique, nous proposons d’explorer la nature de cette influence américaine. Plus précisément, nous l’analyserons à la fois dans sa dimension historique en remontant à la naissance de la province ainsi que dans sa dimension contemporaine, c’est-à-dire à l’intérieur de formations politiques comme le Parti réformiste de Preston Manning et du Parti conservateur de Stephen Harper, notamment en posant la question du néoconservatisme.
The Mississippi of the North: Trailer Park Boys and Race in Contemporary Nova Scotia
Authors: Thompson Peter
Published: December 2016

Critics often read Trailer Park Boys’s presentation of white trash images as evidence of its rejection of traditional markers of Nova Scotian identity. This essay examines the way in which the work of contemporary literary, historical, and cultural studies scholars on white trash interacts with some of the themes and images present in Trailer Park Boys; this essay focusses on understanding how these ideas circulate in contemporary Nova Scotia. With anxieties surrounding race in Halifax and Nova Scotia as a backdrop, Trailer Park Boys constructs an organic community rooted in images of white trash culture.
More than Where the Heart Is: Meeting Places in Wabanaki Poetry by Cheryl Savageau and Mihku Paul
Authors: Lacombe Michèle
Published: December 2016

New kinds of meeting places in contemporary Indigenous writing from the East emerge in creative writing by Cheryl Savageau (Abenaki) and Mihku Paul (Maliseet). The reimagined personal, family, and community stories in their poems include Indigenous perspectives on Canadian-American migrations, interracial relations, and the displacement of Indigenous languages by French and English. The attention they pay to the effects of colonial and neo-colonial realities is counterbalanced by instances of resistance and resurgence in their writing. Both poets are mixed-blood women born in the 1950s, living in the United States, possessing ties to Canada, and engaged in dialogue with other Wabanaki writers and community members. The author’s approach to their work is indebted to received traditions as revisited by three Indigenous academics—Abenaki writer and scholar Joseph Bruchac on survival strategies, Abenaki literary historian Lisa Brooks on the gathering place, and Cherokee literary historian Daniel Heath Justice on concepts of kinship. Collectively, these poets and essayists illustrate what settler scholar Siobhan Senier refers to as the continued presence of Indigenous Nations in Atlantic Canada and New England.
The Role of Colonial Artists in the Dispossession and Displacement of the Maliseet, 1790s-1850s
Authors: Nicholas Andrea Bear
Published: December 2016

This essay addresses the role of colonial artists in the dispossession and displacement of Maliseet people in New Brunswick from the 1790s to the early 1850s. It explains that the process of dispossession began in the 1760s when authorities in Nova Scotia granted away over a million and a half acres of Maliseet homeland on the St. John River. Since most of those lands were not actually settled at the time, the Maliseets were not greatly displaced until after the close of the American Revolution, when nearly 15,000 Loyalists invaded and settled on the river, forcing Maliseets off lands that included ancient village sites. Massive lumbering in their hunting territories and new pressures on fish and game brought severe poverty, disease, and suffering to the Maliseets. While early colonial artists did at least provide documentation on Maliseet presence, the artwork tended to present them as relatively well off and as picturesque curiosities. Petitions and other written records from the era tell a starkly different story. This essay suggests that artistic misrepresentations of reality may have contributed not only to ongoing dispossession and displacement, but also to the near-extinction of the Maliseet population in New Brunswick by the mid-1800s.
Why Do Fasteners Fail? An Insight in to the Modes and Mechanisms of Fastener Failures
Authors: Manwatkar Sushant K. , Narayana Murty S. V. S. , Ramesh Narayanan P. , Sharma S. C. , Venkitakrishnan P. V.
Published: December 2016

In spite of the experiences in the design, material selection, fabrication and storage, fastener failures are reported frequently. While each failure leaves the user with some wisdom, analysing a failure is time consuming and affects the project schedules. In the aerospace scenario, it is all the more important to analyse the causes of fastener failures as a single failure can sometimes be catastrophic and mission critical. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to address why fasteners fail with a view to provide an insight into the modes and mechanisms. Finally, an attempt is made to bring out various modes and mechanisms of fastener failures. Four typical case studies on fastener failures are presented to highlight them.
Why Is It Necessary to Include the Gender Perspective in Archaeological Museums?
Authors: Torreira Lourdes Prados
Published: December 2016

Through the items in archaeological museums’ collections, it is possible to create inclusive narratives and discourses in which different social groups, ethnicities, age groups, and genders can and must be present. With this in mind, we shall focus our attention on some Spanish archaeological museums inaugurated in recent years, with the aim of analyzing how they have represented and represent women, which roles are assigned to women within the collective community, and how gender relations in past societies are illustrated.
On R0 Space in L-Topological Spaces
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Hossain MS
Published: December 2016

R0 space in L-topological spaces are defined and studied. The authors give eight definitions of R0 space in L-topological spaces and discuss certain relationship among them. They showed that all of these satisfy good extension property. Moreover, some of their other properties are obtained.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 117-124, 2016
Variability of Some Meteorological Elements During the Southwest Monsoon Season in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Haripada , Chowdhury Abdul Mannan , Karmakar Samarendra
Published: December 2016

Statistical computation and analysis of the co-efficient of variation of different meteorological parameter such as mean sea level pressure, rainfall, dew-point depression, minimum temperature and maximum temperature over Bangladesh during the onset, on-going and withdrawal phases of southwest monsoon, season of 1981- 2010 was dealt with. The study reveals that the coefficient of variation of the mean sea level (msl) pressure is practically small over Bangladesh during the onset and ongoing phases of southwest monsoon. During the onset phase, the CV of msl pressure is relatively higher and decreases during the on-going phase. The variation of msl pressure increases slightly in the withdrawal phase of monsoon. The ranges of CV of msl pressure are 0.064 - 0.197%, 0.079 - 0.809%, 0.091 - 0.793%, 0.069 - 0.272%, 0.0695 - 0.229% and 0.127 - 0.32% in May, June, July, August, September and October, respectively. The variation of dew-point depression decreases in the eastern part during the onset phase of southwest monsoon and becomes lower all over Bangladesh during the on-going phase of monsoon. It again increases during the withdrawal phase. The maximum co-efficient of variation of rainfall exists over the southeastern part of Bangladesh during the on-going phase of southwest monsoon and decreases in June and July over Bangladesh i.e. during the early on-going phase of monsoon. The co-efficient of variation of minimum and maximum temperatures is found to decrease during the onset and on-going phases of southwest monsoon and increases during the withdrawal of monsoon from Bangladesh.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 155-167, 2016
Fusarium merismoides Corda. - A New Record of Anamorphic Fungus for Bangladesh
Authors: Shamsi Shamim , Hosen Md Delwar
Published: December 2016

Abstract not availableJournal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 2, 207-209, 2016
Low emittance electron storage rings
Authors: Levichev E B
Published: December 2016

Low-emittance electron (positron) beams are essential for synchrotron light sources, linear collider damping rings, and circular Crab Waist colliders. In this review, the principles and methods of emittance minimization are discussed, prospects for developing relativistic electron storage rings with small beam phase volume are assessed, and problems related to emittance minimization are examined together with their possible solutions. The special features and engineering implementation aspects of various facilities are briefly reviewed.
Separation of mixtures of chemical elements in plasma
Authors: Dolgolenko D A , Muromkin Yu A
Published: December 2016

This paper reviews proposals on the plasma processing of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The chemical processing of SNF based on the extraction of its components from water solutions is rather expensive and produces new waste. The paper considers experimental research on plasma separation of mixtures of chemical elements and isotopes, whose results can help evaluate the plasma methods of RW and SNF reprocessing. The analysis identifies the difference between ionization levels of RW and SNF components at their transition to the plasma phase as a reason why all plasma methods are difficult to apply.
Correction: Iemma, U. Theoretical and Numerical Modeling of Acoustic Metamaterials for Aeroacoustic Applications. Aerospace 2016, 3, 15
Authors: Iemma Umberto
Published: December 2016

The author regrets that this paper [1] contains a typographical error in Equation (1) [...]
Modeling of Temperature Field during Multi-Pass GMAW Surfacing or Rebuilding of Steel Elements Taking into Account the Heat of the Deposit Metal
Authors: Winczek Jerzy
Published: December 2016

This paper proposed an analytical model for describing the temperature field of multi-pass arc weld surfacing. The temperature field is described analytically assuming a bimodal volumetric model of the heat source and a semi-infinite body model of the (rebuilt) workpiece. The suggested analytical solution takes into account the temperature changes caused not only by the direct heat of an electric arc, but also by the heat of the applied weld (melted metal of electrode). The solution considers temperature increments caused by overlaying consecutive welding sequences and by self-cooling of areas previously heated. Computations of the temperature field are carried out during the multi-pass gas metal arc welding (GMAW) surfacing of a steel plate. The results are presented in the form of transient and maximum (achieved in whole welding process) temperature distributions in the element’s cross-section, as well as thermal cycles at the selected point.
Connectivity Maintenance Based on Multiple Relay UAVs Selection Scheme in Cooperative Surveillance
Authors: Zhu Qian , Zhou Rui , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2016

For the purpose of remote command and situation awareness, multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) cooperative surveillance with a ground station via multihop communications is presented in this paper. Considering limited communication capacities, a reliable UAV-to-UAV communication relay chain is dynamically established for connectivity maintenance and real-time surveillance information transmission. Firstly, a multiple UAVs cooperative surveillance framework is constructed with history detection information and surveillance payoff estimation. Secondly, four attributes are proposed to characterize differences among UAV alternatives in communication network containing a ground station, and a novel multiple relay UAVs selection scheme based on fuzzy optimum selection is developed to achieve tradeoff between surveillance mission and connectivity maintenance. Furthermore, satisfied with collision avoidance, limited communication and UAV kinematic constraints, the optimal UAV motion plan is obtained by decentralized receding horizon control, which is solved by particle swarm optimization with elite mechanism. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in multi UAVs cooperative surveillance.
Estimation of Noise Magnitude for Speech Denoising Using Minima-Controlled-Recursive-Averaging Algorithm Adapted by Harmonic Properties
Authors: Lu Ching-Ta , Lei Chung-Lin , Shen Jun-Hong , Wang Ling-Ling , Tseng Kun-Fu
Published: December 2016

The accuracy of noise estimation is important for the performance of a speech denoising system. Most noise estimators suffer from either overestimation or underestimation on the noise level. An overestimate on noise magnitude will cause serious speech distortion for speech denoising. Conversely, a great quantity of residual noise will occur when the noise magnitude is underestimated. Accurately estimating noise magnitude is important for speech denoising. This study proposes employing variable segment length for noise tracking and variable thresholds for the determination of speech presence probability, resulting in the performance improvement for a minima-controlled-recursive-averaging (MCRA) algorithm in noise estimation. Initially, the fundamental frequency was estimated to determine whether a frame is a vowel. In the case of a vowel frame, the increment of segment lengths and the decrement of threshold for speech presence were performed which resulted in underestimating the level of noise magnitude. Accordingly, the speech distortion is reduced in denoised speech. On the contrary, the segment length decreases rapidly in noise-dominant regions. This enables the noise estimate to update quickly and the noise variation to track well, yielding interference noise being removed effectively through the process of speech denoising. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has been effective in improving the performance of the MCRA algorithm by preserving the weak vowels and consonants. The denoising performance is therefore improved.
Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Dissolution of Spiramycin Microparticles Using the Homogenate-Antisolvent Precipitation Process
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Wu Xia , Xie Fengying , Wang Zhongjiang , Zhang Xiuling , Jiang Lianzhou
Published: December 2016

Due to its low bioavailability and slow dissolution rate, the micronized spiramycin powder was thus prepared by the homogenate-antisolvent precipitation (HAP) process. The optimum micronization conditions of the HAP process were found to be as follows: precipitation temperature of 4.6 °C, precipitation time of 10 min, spiramycin concentration of 20 mg/mL, dripping speed of the added solvent into the antisolvent of 44 mL/h, antisolvent (water) to solvent (dimethyl sulfide (DMSO)) volume ratio of 7:1, and shear rate of 5000 rpm. With this HAP process, the mean particle size was 228.36 ± 3.99 nm. The micronized spiramycin was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatograph analyses. In comparison with the raw drug, the chemical structure of micronized spiramycin was not changed. The dissolution rate experiments showed that the dissolution rate of the spiramycin was significantly increased after micronization.
Comparison of Cooling Different Parts in a High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Moosania S. , Zheng Xinqian
Published: December 2016

Cooling in a centrifugal compressor can improve the performance and reduce the impeller temperature. In a centrifugal compressor, external walls can be cool down, which is known as the shell cooling. This method avoids undesirable effects induced by other cooling methods. Cooling can be applied on different external walls, such as the shroud, diffuser or the back plate. This paper focuses on seeking the most effective cooling place to increase the performance and reduce the impeller temperature. It is found that shroud cooling improves the compressor performance the most. Shroud cooling with 2400 W of cooling power increases the pressure ratio by 4.6% and efficiency by 1.49%. Each 500 W increase in the shroud cooling power, increases the efficiency by 0.3%. Diffuser cooling and back plate cooling have an identical effect on the polytropic efficiency. However, back plate cooling increases the pressure ratio more than diffuser cooling. Furthermore, only back plate cooling reduces the impeller temperature, and with 2400 W of cooling power, the impeller temperature reduces by 45 K.
An Equivalent Layer-Wise Approach for the Free Vibration Analysis of Thick and Thin Laminated and Sandwich Shells
Authors: Tornabene Francesco , Fantuzzi Nicholas , Bacciocchi Michele , Reddy Junuthula
Published: December 2016

The main purpose of the paper is to present an innovative higher-order structural theory to accurately evaluate the natural frequencies of laminated composite shells. A new kinematic model is developed starting from the theoretical framework given by a unified formulation. The kinematic expansion is taken as a free parameter, and the three-dimensional displacement field is described by using alternatively the Legendre or Lagrange polynomials, following the key points of the most typical Layer-wise (LW) approaches. The structure is considered as a unique body and all the geometric and mechanical properties are evaluated on the shell middle surface, following the idea of the well-known Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) models. For this purpose, the name Equivalent Layer-Wise (ELW) is introduced to define the present approach. The governing equations are solved numerically by means of the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method and the solutions are compared with the results available in the literature or obtained through a commercial finite element program. Due to the generality of the current method, several boundary conditions and various mechanical and geometric configurations are considered. Finally, it should be underlined that different doubly-curved surfaces may be considered following the mathematical framework given by the differential geometry.
Fatty Acids in Membranes as Homeostatic, Metabolic and Nutritional Biomarkers: Recent Advancements in Analytics and Diagnostics
Authors: Ferreri Carla , Masi Annalisa , Sansone Anna , Giacometti Giorgia , Larocca Anna , Menounou Georgia , Scanferlato Roberta , Tortorella Silvia , Rota Domenico , Conti Marco , Deplano Simone , Louka Maria , Maranini Anna , Salati Arianna , Sunda Valentina , Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos
Published: December 2016

Fatty acids, as structural components of membranes and inflammation/anti-inflammatory mediators, have well-known protective and regulatory effects. They are studied as biomarkers of pathological conditions, as well as saturated and unsaturated hydrophobic moieties in membrane phospholipids that contribute to homeostasis and physiological functions. Lifestyle, nutrition, metabolism and stress—with an excess of radical and oxidative processes—cause fatty acid changes that are examined in the human body using blood lipids. Fatty acid-based membrane lipidomics represents a powerful diagnostic tool for assessing the quantity and quality of fatty acid constituents and also for the follow-up of the membrane fatty acid remodeling that is associated with different physiological and pathological conditions. This review focuses on fatty acid biomarkers with two examples of recent lipidomic research and health applications: (i) monounsaturated fatty acids and the analytical challenge offered by hexadecenoic fatty acids (C16:1); and (ii) the cohort of 10 fatty acids in phospholipids of red blood cell membranes and its connections to metabolic and nutritional status in healthy and diseased subjects.