bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Género gramatical y motivación semántica
Authors: Arias Barredo Aníbal
Published: April 2016

The present article, as the title shows, is a study of the grammatical gender in Spanish from the semantic startpoint, as have are of opinion that linguistic reference is bound up with grammatical motivation. It deals with the gender of nouns will bear the sign [+ animate], and in particular those presenting a high sememic level (common semantic level) and another oppositional sememic (distintive semantic level). We state that [± animate] is a semantic feature capable of serging to motivate grammatical gender. To give an example, it seems demonstrable that nouns in Spanish which are sensible to the features [+anim, -spec] and [+anim, ±spec] (for example: niño1 / niñO2 / niñA) have got a fixed gender in the first case (niño1) and a variable gender in the second (niñ02 / niñA), the second —but not the first— beening determined by reference to sex. We have also demonstrated the following points: a) Among the items which show an opposition of gender, the superordinate (niño1) will always be non-arked; b) the frequency with which this appears is approximately double the specific term. This distinction explains heteronyms of the type macho / hembra, hombre / mujer, etc., as generative lexic-semantic opposites of grammatical gender of the type hombre1 / hombre2 / mujer. We also affirm with regard to Spanish linguistic and metalinguistic capacity, and, 2) Spanish shows a strong tendency to differenciate between the sexes by means of sometimes unusual lexical creations, such as culebrO or mushúA (a women of foreign origin in Venezuela) and at other times by quite acceptable creations, as we find in the political, technical or juridical terrains. When Spanish lacks a lexical of morphological form to distinguish gender, it does so by means of the article or the demonstrative. In the present article we have referred particularly to the semantic distinction «sex». Nevertheless, our theory is valid for other dimensions as well, as long as they are capable of being specified as [± generic]. Finally, we state that gender is manifested in concordance and is frequently redundant.
Sobre la homologación de semiótica y pragmática: a propósito de un soneto de Góngora
Authors: Cifuentes Honrubia José Luis
Published: April 2016

Greimas' semiotics and pragmatics are generally considered as opposite perspectives in the study of the significant process: while in semiotics only the infernal referent of discourse is considered, in pragmatics the core is the referent. We begin with Parret's hypothesis to homologate semiotics and pragmatics on the basis of five axes in inclusive relation, and where the subjectivity —as an organizing principle of language— is the dominant element. We have attempted to realize a textual analysis of Gongora's sonnet: «La dulce boca que a gustar convida», in which we include the study of modal competence and communicative intentionality, fundamentally, with the goal of context semiotization. We think this exercise shows the possible harmonization that can exist between semiotic and pragmatic studies, and especially its essential complementarity.
Modernidad del Universal vocabulario de Alfonso Fernández de Palencia
Authors: Medina Guerra Antonia María
Published: April 2016

Published two years before Antonio de Nebrija' s splendid Diccionario latino-español, Alfonso Fernández de Palencia's Universal Vocabulario has not aroused among the critics the enthusiasm it deserves. This Spanish humanist's work has been frequently described as medieval. Furthermore, there is enough evidence to state unmistakably that Palencia's dictionary follows very closely Papias' Elementarium Doctrinae Durimentum. In fact, Palencia takes Papias' work as a starting point, whom he copies literally. But it is a reflexive and selective copy, not the kind of hurried plagiarism we are used to in lexicography. Palencia laboured over Papias' work until he turned his own Universal Vocabulario into the threshold of modern lexicography which starts definitely from Nebrija's dictionaries: a) As constrasted with other dictionaries of the same period, the Universal Vocabulario sometimes includes several meanings under a single entry. b) Palencia is different from other contemporary lexicographers because he tries to form small lexematic groupings. c) He resorts to drawings in order to illustrate the explanations given for the entries. The use of drawings reveals the pedagogical aim inspiring him in the planning of his work, rather than his unability to give definitions. This pedagogical aim is reflected in the many classical authors' quotations and examples included. All these features —except for the drawings which will not appear again until the XVth century with Francisco Rosal— can be found in the most successful and well-known dictionaries of the XVth and XVIth centuries: in Rodrigo Fernández de Santaella's Vocabularium ecclesiasticum (Sevilla, 1499) and in Diego Jiménez Arias' Lexicon ecclesiaticum (Salamanca, 1566). Therefore, the Universal Vocabulario arises in the history of Spanish lexicography as a perfect hinge between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, but also as the first link of a chain which goes without a break for centuries except for Nebrija, who steps out of line in points where his immediate predecessor had made important progress.
De los preámbulos y liminares constitucionales como metatextos (en el texto constitucional hispanoamericano)
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Juan Pedro
Published: April 2016

This essays is a linguistic approach to the Hispano-American constitutional text, considered to be the magnificient proof of the wish for human organization. The constitutional project as a programme is dealt with as «software» designed for eutopia. The metatextual action in the Preambles uncovers, after an analytical process, the acceptance of a whole series of «believed» and «expected» truths. Through the linguistic mythical expressions in the constitutional text, social semantics outlines the connections between personal evocation and collective utopia.
Preguntas que no preguntan
Authors: Martinell Gifre Emma
Published: April 2016

This article, based upon a lecture delivered at the University of Alcalá de Henares in May 1990, during a Jornadas para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera, examines constructions that, in their emission, are characterized by an intonation peculiar to the Spanish interrogative scheme; and which, in their transcription, are denoted by interrogative marks, even though their production is not due to a desire to obtain information. The author's interest in these constructions originates in the reading of the doctoral dissertation of Mª V. Escandell (Madrid, Universidad Complutense, 1986). When these emissions are produced, both interlocutors identify the kind of speech act in which they are engaging: a suggestion (¿y si fueras al médico?), a warning or a threat (¿tú te crees que yo soy tonto?), or an incitement to action (¿y si yo te dijera que sé dónde está tu reloj?). These are structures which, almost apparently interrogatives, in fact do not ask a question. This article consists of a pragmatic analysis of the strategies used by the producer of such questions, with particular attention to introductory elements. It is proposed that we produce such questions when: 1. We anticipate a possible attitude or response. 2. We elicite a response or a reaction. 3. We react to what has been said to us. It is suggered that the physical presence of the interlocutors is not indispensable (Juan es un cara. ¿Pues no me pide que le preste el coche con el depósito lleno?). It is concluded that the analysis of the circumstances in which these constructions are used does not help to distinguish them from real questions. A more detailed analysis of intonation in these constructions would perhaps be more fruitful.
El arte diccionarista de Sebastián de Covarrubias
Authors: Crespo Hidalgo Juan
Published: April 2016

The complete edition of the unpublished manuscript Suplemento al Tesoro de la lengua castellana by Sebastián de Covarrubias provides some necessary clues to the understanding of its author's lexicographic criteria and of a number of personal details, which, in the course of time, have made Covarrubias' work to be considered as something original and unique among the huge Spanish lexicography. Those details of biographic, anecdotic, popular, gastronomic type do not constitute strictly lexicographical information, but this kind of information together with some other of purely lexicographical interest permits us to recompose Covarrubias' skill as a lexicographer, his everyday work in the making-up of the first monolingual dictionary of the Spanish language.
La clase de función 'complemento circunstancial' de modo en español
Authors: Masiá Canuto María Luisa
Published: April 2016

The starting point of this research is to be found in essays on linguistic functions carried out by E. Alarcos, G. Rojo and S. Gutiérrez. It was in the field of linguistic functionalism that the question of semiotic nature of linguistic functions was explicity stated: if utterance syntactic relations are meaningful, such meanings must be associated to significants which perform the task of transmitting them. Alarcos, Rojo and Gutiérrez began their work with subject function. Agustín Vera continued such study by also defining direct and indirect object function. Although we have studied adverbial function in its wholeness, this article is intended only to state our work on manner adverbials. Significant and meaning of manner class is a metalinguistic sign which we shall have to study.
Propuestas de demarcación disciplinaria en el análisis dialéctico del significado
Authors: Jiménez Ruiz Juan Luis
Published: April 2016

The present paper constitutes an attempt to establish the parameters between specialized trends in approach, methods or aims, in order to place the analysis of meaning within the boundries of objetivism and humanism, and to organize in adequate epistemological channels the results achieved from different fields of knowledge. This will enable us to have a pluridisciplinary integration model, plural in object (denotative and connotative), method (phenomenological and trascendental) and technique (descriptive and explanatory), which, from linguistic and literary fields, will allow us to get the objective semantic system (formalist) and the subjective one (humanist) in the interpretative framework of the dialectical analysis of meaning.
Léxico y sintaxis en los diccionarios monolingües del español
Authors: Martínez Linares María Antonia , Azorín Fernández Dolores
Published: April 2016

In this paper we have tried to determine if monolingual Spanish Dictionaries take into account the relationship between Lexis and Syntax as one basis of their approach. We have also tried to establish whether failure to take this relationship into account, in a systematic way, may be a serious obstacle to the achievement of the aims of the Dictionary in question.
El ALPI en Cantabria: anotaciones prácticas
Authors: Royano Gutiérrez Lourdes
Published: April 2016

The ALPI was the first complete study of all the peninsular diversities which were studied in linguistics geography. This Atlas was conceived in 1923, under the management of Tomás Navarro. It has a phonetical focussing. It includes 75 maps which analyse from the word «bee» to the word «axle». It was published in 1962. The volume I, the only one which has appeared, is a phonetical study about the reality observed by the researchers of the age, in spite of not being exhaustive. In this work we present a study of the seventy five ALPI maps and the information proposed, which will be analyse from the variants appreciated in Cantabria's area. The ALPI retakes four types of local speakings in Cantabria: pasiego, montañés, lebaniego y tudanco.
Modelos probabilísticos multinomiales para el estudio del ceceo, seseo y distinción de /s/ y /?/: datos de la ciudad de Málaga
Authors: Villena Ponsoda Juan Andrés , Sánchez Sáez José María , Ávila Muñoz Antonio Manuel
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to propose a multinomial probabilistic model able to account for the variation of /?s/ in Southern Spanish varieties. The current analyses carried up till now are based on frequency counts of mergers between /s/ and /?/, which are labeled 'ceceo' and 'seseo', as two social and regional norms of pronunciation. Standard Spanish distinction between /s/ and /?/ is therefore to be deduced from the total body of cases, counting every [s] corresponding to an etymological or canonical s as an occurrence of /s/, including the tokens of those individuals whose pronunciation pattern of /?s/ is overtly 'seseo' (exactly the same for the contrary case of 'ceceo'). Since both types (s > ? and ? > s) currently coexist in Southern speech communities as in Málaga city, it is not obvious to decide about the high proportion of cases where /s/ and /?/ are pronounced in a canonical way. Therefore we need a procedure to decide the rate of cases of canonical pronunciation due to chance. Two related multinomial models have been developed, implemented and tested on a sociological body of data from a social network of 31 individuals from Málaga city, extracted from a sociolinguistic investigation of vernacular varieties in Málaga (M.U.V.-Project). The first model calculates the single probability of seseo (s > s and ? > s), ceceo (? > ? and s > ?) and distinction (s > s and ? > ?) for every individual studied. The second model calculates the single probability of distinction (s > s and ? > ?) vs. the single probability of reduction or 'confusión' (s > ? and ? > s). To measure the degree of fit of both models, a maximum likelihood estimator has been developed with consistent and hopeful results. Comparison between relative frequency and probabilistic results demonstrates, finally, the more realistic approach lo this problem on the basis presented here.
Presuposiciones y completivas de sujeto (con predicados de afección psíquica)
Authors: Cabeza Pereiro Carmen
Published: April 2016

Presupposition has been described, in terms of logic, as a relation between two utterances. The classical example is: The present king of France is bald, which presupposes: There exists at present a king of France. Presuppositions are related to some expressions called presuppositional actualizers. Factive predicates (to lament, to be sorry that, to worry, etc.), which have the property of introducing subordinate clauses with a meaning which is presupposed to be true, are presuppositional actualizers. They are called factives because the clause depending on them can be introduced by the phrase the fact. Other properties which have been described for these predicates are the possibility of the embedded clause being preposed and (in Spanish) the presence of the subjunctive mood in this subordinate. It is important to stress the importance that the concept of presupposition has for the analysis of these sentences from a pragmatic point of view. The speaker lakes a part of what he/she says as something already known, as a background on which another item of information is salient. This item of information is not presupposed any more, it is stated as true. In this article we examine a subgroup inside the factive predicates in Spanish: those of psychic affection (preocupar -to worry-, extrañar -to amaze-, sorprender -to surprise-, divertir -to amuse-, etc.). All these can be accounted for the scheme SUJ-PRED-CIND (Subject, Predicate, Indirect Object) in the active voice. We argue that the predicates of affection are prototipically factives. In contrast with those which have a subordinate in other functional roles the three formal properties mentioned before are present here. This leads us to advance the hypothesis that there exists a relation between the capacity of these verbs of activating presuppositions and the fact that the subordinate clause is made the grammatical Subject.
Gramática y cognición: el dativo de dirección
Authors: Llopis Ganga Jesús
Published: April 2016

Our aim in this essay is to analyze from a cognitive point of view the possibility, which verbs of direction present of identifying terms of movement both an a person and a place; that is to say, the question of the relationship between indirect and directional objects when they occur as objects of a verb of movement. A [+human]-featured element, i.e., a person, can be taken as the basis or benchmark after which the movement or path expressed by the verb may be positioned, since verbs of direction may well conceptualize their terms of movement both as a person or a place. Even though the element taken as benchmark is a person, it will be conceptualized with verbs of direction as a place —place occupied by the person itself—. So, in directive structures the person functions as a directional object. Thus, we consider that indirect and directional objects do not behave as two separate and distinct forms functionally, but rather they should be understood as two different notions of one and the same function: that of term of direction.
Traductores: traidores a su lengua materna
Authors: Masiá Canuto María Luisa
Published: April 2016

Those of us who are engaged in the teaching of Spanish for translators believe that our main objective is that they become good writers in Spanish. Bearing this in mind, on the one hand we must watch out for and detect their most frequent mistakes in order to include them in our syllabus, and, on the other hand we must be capable of applying the most suitable error correction skills. In our opinion, this task cannot be performed if we do not choose the model which best describes the written composition process. The article ends up with a proposal of an error correction model which we consider as the most appropiate in order to avoid that translators to-be may betray their mother tongue.
Relevancia de la integración sintagmática lingüístico-textual
Authors: Ramón Trives Estanislao
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with the some relevant aspects of the textual linguistic behaviour or syntagmatic integration, the TEXTUALITY, within every verbal segment obtains several stylistic and teleologic social relevance, pregnance, as component of an expressive or communicative configuration or Gestalt, as a necessary ectosemantic framework —in terms of Meyer Eppler— or gestaltic intergration, to be employed in the starting point of every productive or interpretative verbal syntagmatic or behaviour.
Rasgos fonéticos de carácter interferencial en el castellano de una comunidad bilingüe
Authors: Serrano Vázquez María del Carmen
Published: April 2016

Castilian of the Balearic Isles can be analyzed under a point of view of languages in contact. We appreciate this as in the sphere of the individual that uses both languages for communicative purposes, as in the sphere of a society where, in a diglosic way, exists the tendency to employ one tongue or another, taking into account sociolinguistics parameters (home, vicinty, work, administration, mass-media) and where Castilian language is still associated with the sociopolitical and cultural groups of prestige. From the real proves of usage taken along the fieldwork that we have carried out with the scholastic community of the Public School «Es Puig» from Sóller (Balearic-Isles) we have obtained series of phonetics features which show us a remarkable influence of Catalan language patterns over Castilian, in this linguistic community. This linguistic features move away from the standard of Castilian in other geographical areas; they are provoked by the environmental bilingualism which exists in the Balearic Community and present a great vitality stimulated by the progressive social normalization of Catalan language, which reach the acceptation of many of them by the non-bilingual Balearic Community.
Lingüística y lenguaje literario
Authors: Herrero Blanco Ángel
Published: April 2016

This article deals with some revelant aspects of the linguistics of literature (or 'linguistics of writing') such as it has been discussed during the last two decades as a result of the Jakobsonian metapoetics postulate. Two contributions are emphasized, both previous to the famous Congress of Indiana but divulged nevertheless a few years later: the Saussure's anagrams and the peircean iconic theory.
La derivación verbal apreciativa en español
Authors: Rifón Sánchez Antonio
Published: April 2016

This paper analyzes the verb formation by means of the called, in Spanish, affixal «apreciativos». The paper is split into three subparts that are occupied by others so man y facets of this type of derivation. The first paragraph studies the nature of these affixes and, in it, we conclude that they have to be considered as suffixes; the second' is occupied by the study of the formal restrictions that limit the application of these suffixes to the verbs; and the mediator and the last analyzes the semantic features of the verbs that create this type of derivation.
La toponimia prehistórica de los Alpes: una aproximación a la reconstrucción de la lengua prehistórica de Europa
Authors: Román del Cerro Juan Luis
Published: April 2016

Is presented a part of the investigation that is being made about the prehistoric microtoponymy of Mediterranean countries. Therefore, it has delimited prospecting areas studied and intensive exhaustive way: the Moroccan Rif and the Sous Valley; in Tunisia, the central region of Maktar and Djebel Bargou, basically formed by fifteen Berber cities from the pre-romanesque age; in the Iberian Peninsula the whole Mediterranean coast; in the center of the Meseta and in the North with Pyrenees and the Picos de Europa (mountains in the North of Spain); in Italy an important part of Apennines and the Italian Alps; and in the French Alps, most of the high mountain Alpine. This last work is presented here. The toponymic databanc which has generated the information included in this work is about 26.000 toponymic entries. The equivalence between North Mediterranean toponyms and the South ones is so strong and constant, that it seems very promising to investigate. This, in the sense that this pre-indoeuropean linguistic family spread from the Sahara to the North of Africa, and from there to the Mediterranean countries in the North shore, and later to central and Insular Europe. This population movement may have had its origin in the Saharan depopulation. The current survey releases some conclusions of a future comparative study of the pre-indoeuropean toponymy in the countries named before, and also other countries. To be precise, we will check all the operating toponymic morpheme in the countries prospected before, describing here the way they are present in Alpine toponymy and wether they keep the same meaning. The survey, which is currently being written, is financed by the European Union.
Homogeneidad del léxico agrícola en la Merindad de Campoo según el Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Cantabria
Authors: Ruiz Núñez José Manuel
Published: April 2016

In spite of its small dimensions, Cantabria has suffered a remarkable process of comarcalización (regionalization), reflected on its linguistic and cultural diversity. In this article we seek to emphasize the homogeneity of the agricultural vocabulary of Merindad de Campoo, a southern Cantabrian district, in contrast to the rest of the region; in addition to this, it is noticed the increasing incursion of the Castilian variety into the dialectal one. So as to prove both issues, we have analysed the materials of the Alias lingüístico y etnográfico de Cantabria (The Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Cantabria) by Manuel Alvar from a comprehensive point of vue, but paying special attention to the aspects that link Linguistic Geography with Lexicography.
La geolingüística: consideraciones sobre la dimensión espacial del lenguaje
Authors: Hernández Campoy Juan Manuel
Published: April 2016

Until very recently, the concepts of space and spatiality and their, on the other hand, necessary integration in the social theory have played a role as scarcely emphasized as marginal in the evolution of the sociological thought. Time, in terms of historical developments, has always been considered as the principle contextual unit of social theory, while space, on the contrary, has been a secondary dimension. Linguistics has also taken part in this historicism that has excluded spatial aspects from its both dialectological and sociolinguistic studies. It has been with the advent of the New Human Geography arisen from the quantitative revolution when space and spaciality have become relevant not only in Social and Human Sciences in general but also in Linguistics in particular. The aim of this paper is to show and analyze the consequences of this interdisciplinary revolution which has resulted in a new discipline called Geolinguistics conceived as the confluence of Dialectology, Sociolinguistics and Human Geography.
Fonología y escritura de la lengua de signos española
Authors: Herrero Blanco Ángel , Alfaro Abellán Juan José
Published: April 2016

Our aim in this article is to deepen in our understanding of the phonology of Spanish Sign Language. To this end, we have taken a notion of syllable which is consonant with that of oral languages, in which hand configurations are regarded as the syllabic nucleus. We have also tried to systematize the phonemes of Spanish Sign Language by distinguishing between phoneme and allophone and by offering a few examples of the way in which phonological rules work. The result has been the possibility of creating, developing and testing a writing system based on the alphabet.
Aguafiestas, metepatas y otros compuestos nominales peculiares
Authors: Jiménez Ríos Enrique
Published: April 2016

This article discusses the internal structure of compounds of the limpiabotas-typte. The way that some researchers have dealt with them has focused on determining, on the one hand, which one is the nature of the first element of the compound and, on the other, how to solve the problem of having to consider them exocentric. In order to do this, it has been suggested, within the framework of an analysis of the argument structure of the above complex word, the existence of a deverbal noun as the head of the compound, in which the item agent is lexicalised without any formal representation. The ungrammaticality of phrases such as *el limpiabotas de Juan, in which the same thematic role would be represented twice, explains the suitability of the proposal, but, on the other hand, that situation does not seem to occur in sequences such as el aguafiestas o el metepatas de Juan.
Teoría y práctica en la obra de los humanistas andaluces del vulgar (ss. XV y XVI): primera parte
Authors: Mondéjar Cumpián José
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with the classical thematic and retorical formation developed by the humanitatis litterae scholars. Their woks are studied in order to explorer their different genres: poetics, essays, grammars, philological criticism; their authors are considered too: from Juan de Mena to Fernando de Herrera, with special reference to these Seville writers: Nebrija and the «divine» Herrera, in terms of the influence exerted upon them by the thought and practice of the cotemporary figures of Italian Humanism and Renaissance.
En torno a las formas descompuestas
Authors: Crego García María Victorina
Published: April 2016

The approachment to a series of more or less fossilized configurations has showed the existence of general profile properties applicable to complex, direct lexis. It has also showed particular characteristics of fixed constructions organized around verbs of movement (followed by direct structures, prepositional and adverbial). Formal or morphological properties as the absence of determiners, sintactic properties as the sintactic incorporation or recessive process, and semantic properties as the more or less opaque nature of lexematic components have lead us to a series of constants that help us, at least, to characterize these linguistic units. Needless to say that we are dealing with more or less fixed structures that make sense in a gradual frame of analysis in which more or less prototypical proprieties of these complex lexis are used, and therefore, complex lexis that are more or less prototypical.
El español en la Suiza alemana: características léxicas de la segunda generación de hispanohablantes
Authors: Jiménez Ramírez Félix
Published: April 2016

The linguistic situation of the second generation of Spaniards in the German-speaking part of Switzerland is the result of the contact of different languages and multilingualism. Their Spanish is determined by German, Swiss-German, Italian and oven French influences. The reason for their desviation from standard Spanish lies in the fact, that their scholar education is in the local language and that they only learn and use spoken Spanish at home. The desviation from standard Spanish is not to be interpreted as symptoms of language attrition, but as the result of their linguistic competence in various languages. This paper presents and analyses the lexical characteristic of the second generation of Spanish-speaking people in the German-speaking part of Switzerland.
Ofrecimiento y cortesía en francés
Authors: Ruiz de Zarobe Leyre
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper is to examine the speech act «offer» in French in the light of some assumptions proposed by Brown and Levinson in their theory of linguistic politeness. In order to do so, we analyse the effects of several linguistic formulations over the four faces that come into play in the interaction (the speaker's positive and negative face, and the addressee's positive and negative face). Although the speech act «offer» is defined both as a threatening act of the speaker and addressee's face and a flattering act of the speaker and addressee's face, the linguistic formulations bound lo carry out the act do not bring these relations into play similarly or with the same intensity. We conclude that offering in French implies threatening the other's territory and that the linguistic strategies routinized tend to minimize that threatening effect.
En busca de la lengua original: la teoría del vasco primitivo en Julio Cejador
Authors: Pastor Cesteros Susana
Published: April 2016

In this article, we offer our own view about one of the most controversial and widely-debated questions among linguists, namely, the issue of the origin of all languages. Julio Cejador is one of the linguists who supports the monogenetic theory, based on the assumption that all languages stem from a single one. He defends the theory of the Primitive Basque in a short, well-known book entitled El lenguaje (1901-1914). According to his theory, Euskera is the original language from which all the other languages have derived. So, here we intend to analyse the backgrounds to that theory, which counts on a long tradition of centuries, and we also provide some of the ideas underpinning it.
Intransitividad escindida en español: el uso auxiliar de "ser" en español medieval
Authors: Elvira González Javier
Published: April 2016

Some grammarians have suggested that it might exist a special class of inaccusative verbs in Spanish. From a purely syntactic point of view, the most outstanding and peculiar feature of these verbs is the use of the auxiliary be for the formation of compound tenses, until the end of the XVI century. This paper will study the syntactic behaviour of such verbs and will prove that they also share some other characteristics. From a semantic point of view, they can be classified under a reduced number of groups, namely, verbs of occurrence and appearance, verbs expressing change of state, verbs of rest and verbs of movement. The verbs included in these groups share, exceptions made, the peculiar feature that their grammatical subject is affected to some extent by the action or state designated by the verb. This is normally the case of actions of low agentivity, in which the grammar subject turns out to be the patient in semantic terms.
Algunas perífrasis incoativas con a + infinitivo
Authors: Fogsgaard Lene
Published: April 2016

In this presentation I intend to study some Spanish verbal compounds which refer to the initial phase of an event or to a change of state, the so-called aspectual periphrases, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The analysis presupposes the results of previous formal analysis (cohesion, tests for identifying a specific syntactic formation, etc.) and aims at a more finegrained semantic analysis of the different inchoative aspectualizers operating on a main verb. The analysis is based on the assumption that each aspectualizer (empezar, comenzar, ponerse a, romper a, etc.) has a schematic grounding of its own. An important distinction in the paper is the one drawn between a current gradient scheme and a scheme regulated by force dynamics.
Un acercamiento psicolingüístico al fenómeno de la transferencia en el aprendizaje y uso de segundas lenguas
Authors: Manchón Ruiz Rosa María
Published: April 2016

El estudio de la transferencia ha ocupado y sigue ocupando un lugar relevante en la agenda de los investigadores sobre la adquisición de segundas lenguas (L2), lo cual viene a ser una constatación del omnipresente e importante papel que juega el conocimiento lingüístico que posee quien aprende una L2 a la hora de interiorizar y usar una nueva lengua. El presente trabajo tiene como primera meta ofrecer una panorámica de la investigación en el campo desde un prisma psicolingüístico. A tal fin, se revisarán los distintos planteamientos teóricos existentes sobre el tema analizando en cada caso tanto (i) los postulados teóricos que subyacen a las distintas propuestas, como (ii) las contribuciones de las distintas líneas de investigación a nuestro entendimiento sobre los grandes interrogantes en el tema: qué, cuánto, dónde, por qué y cómo se transfiere. La segunda meta la constituirá el análisis del fenómeno de la transferencia como estrategia de uso de la lengua. A tal fin, se ofrecerán datos de la investigación empírica sobre el recurso a la lengua materna en la producción de mensajes orales y escritos en una L2.
Factores escolares e individuales en el aprendizaje formal de un idioma extranjero
Authors: Muñoz Lahoz Carmen
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo se presentarán datos procedentes de una investigación en curso sobre la adquisición del inglés como lengua extranjera. Los sujetos del estudio son alumnos de escuelas públicas de nuestro país de diferentes cursos y edades, pertenecientes a dos sistemas diferentes: aquellos que empezaron el aprendizaje del inglés a los 11 años (EGB), y aquellos que lo iniciaron a los 8 años (con la LOGSE). En el estudio, si bien se prestará especial atención a los efectos de la edad de inicio en los resultados de cada grupo en una serie de tests, se analizarán también otros factores individuales y su relación con la edad y el aprendizaje, tales como la actitud y la motivación, la influencia de la/s lengua/s materna/s, la clase socio-cultural, el sexo y la exposición extraescolar.
Las repercusiones de la tarea en las producciones de aprendientes adultos de español
Authors: Pujol Berché Mercè
Published: April 2016

A partir de un modelo sociocognitivo de adquisición de segundas lenguas y considerando la interacción como plataforma giratoria de comunicación, de producción del lenguaje y de resolución de problemas, el artículo analiza la incidencia de la tarea –encontrar las diferencias entre dos láminas–, en las producciones orales de aprendientes adultos de español. Se ha puesto de manifiesto, en primer lugar, la «macroestructura» de la intervención con tres tipos de secuencias : las de pregunta/respuesta (las más numerosas), las de pregunta/respuesta/confirmación y las secuencias de elaboración de problemas lingüísticos. Se han puesto de relieve, por otra parte, los procedimientos lingüísticos que este tipo de tarea lleva consigo, entre los que podemos destacar: el uso de circunloquios ante obstáculos léxicos, el andamiaje como tutorización de la producción, la negociación del sentido, el bloqueo lingüístico y la alternancia de lengua, aunque ésta última aparece en muy pocas ocasiones. Los datos nos llevan a pensar que este tipo de tarea privilegia los aspectos interaccionales, favorece la búsqueda léxica y deja un poco de lado los aspectos sintácticos y la reflexión metalingüística.
El discurso académico español: cuestiones preliminares de didactización a través de materiales multimedia y unidades didácticas para el autoaprendizaje
Authors: Vázquez Graciela E.
Published: April 2016

El artículo describe las características de “ADIEU” (Discurso Académico en la Unión Europea) un proyecto Sócrates destinado a la investigación y didactización de materiales destinados al estudiantado europeo, que desee cursar una parte de sus estudios en una universidad española y cumplir con los requisitos que imponen los programas de movilidad (ECTS). El proyecto explora las características del estilo académico (universitario) español y pretende llenar un vacío tanto en el campo de la investigación como en el de la producción de materiales. En este artículo se reseña brevemente el estado de la cuestión y se plantean futuras necesidades Asimismo se hace alusión a las características de los materiales presentados, destinados a clases presenciales y al aprendizaje semidirigido. Se trata de materiales multimedia cuya finalidad puede resumirse así: una mejor preparación intercultural y lingüística y un análisis empírico tendiente a mejorar el aprendizaje y la enseñanza.
Algunas reflexiones sobre la enseñanza de la lengua de signos española (L.S.E.) como segunda lengua
Authors: Álvarez García Montserrat , Losada Martínez Beatriz , Juncos Rabadán Onésimo , Camaño Hermida Andrés , Justo Piñeiro María José
Published: April 2016

En el presente artículo intentamos reflexionar brevemente sobre la enseñanza de las Lenguas de Signos como segunda lengua para personas oyentes. Después de una introducción general sobre sus características, hacemos unas consideraciones psicolingüísticas sobre la modalidad viso-espacial: implicación de procesos de percepción, memoria y ejecución; sobre los problemas de aprendizaje que ello plantea: dificultades de los aprendices oyentes para percibir, memorizar y ejecutar los parámetros manuales y los componentes faciales; y sobre las estrategias más adecuadas en la enseñanza de ésta lengua. También se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre el estado actual de la enseñanza de la Lengua de Signos Española.
La desfijación en títulos de películas francesas: un procedimiento retórico y estratégico
Authors: Peñalver Vicea Maribel
Published: April 2016

The language of the cinema uses many rhetorical and discursive procedures in order to draw the spectators´s attention. This is possible, among other elements, through the titles. We will try to show the strategic, intertextual and mnemonic character of a recurrent procedure in film titles: the ´desfijación`. After defining this concept, we will proceed to a semantic description that justifies the reason why these unities use idioms, set phrases or other fixed sequences. Finally, we will explain the formal procedures employed for the ´desfijación` of these sequences, and, consequently, to obtain the new discourse: the title.
En torno a la semántica de las colocaciones fraseológicas
Authors: Larreta Zulategui Juan Pablo
Published: April 2016

This paper intends to analyse some controversial questions about phraseological collocations. All these questions arise, at the level of semantics, when the most usually accepted definition of this term is compared with a variety of examples, considered as such phraseological units in literature. It is discussed if collocations conform a semantic unity or if they are both sintactically and semantically analytic sequencies; if collocations have idiomatic character or not; and if they are phenomena belonging to the functional system or to the norm in language. In order to carry out this analysis, we start pointing out a prototypical definition of collocations, trying to show next, through different classifications, some examples not corresponding plainly in their semantic structure to the referred prototypical definition.
La fraseología en J. Casares
Authors: Martínez Montoro Jorge
Published: April 2016

J. Casares is the first modern Spanish phraseologist, being his classification of the idioms (see three chapter of the Introducción a la Lexicografía moderna, from 1950) the starting point of later studies by this topic. Likewise, as RAE Lexicography Seminar director (1947- 1964), his phraseological concepcion was moulded, to a great extent, in DRAE as soon in the Diccionario histórico. These facts justify the dedication of a monografic work to J. Casares, an advanced linguistic of his time in relation with phraseology and others linguistic disciplines.
Modelos de predicación y clasificación dinámica oracional de los verbos y de los papeles configuracionales
Authors: Wildgen Wolfgang
Published: April 2016

The concept of predication has its philosophical roots in Plato and Aristotle. The first section reviews the modern development since Peirce’s relational logic and describes traditional pitfalls in the treatment of predication. In section two the traditional reduction of predication to constructions with an auxiliary is critically assessed and a new, dynamical treatment of predication is developed, which draws from another tradition, that of dynamic systems theory and more specifically catastrophe theory. For two basic types of predication (predication with copula (or Ø-copula) and predication with simple (dynamical) verb) the new type of description is demonstrated. Section three considers the semantics of verbs entering into phrasal constructions, and more specifically verbs of locomotion, motion, action and change. Five basic domains of locomotion/motion/action/change are distinguished and catastrophe theoretical schemata are proposed for them. A consequence of this analysis is a new classification of verbs of motion and of semantic roles. Section four treats some elaborations of the basic schemata proposed in section four. In the final section more marginal cases of predication are discussed and conclusions regarding the nature of predication are drawn.
Sobre la futura Historia de la lengua de Menéndez Pidal
Authors: Abad Nebot Francisco
Published: April 2016

This article presents the published parts of the future Ramón Menéndez Pidal's Historia de la lengua española, and also makes reference to another Menéndez Pidal works related with the former book. Likewise, we will talk about some theoretical notions on D. Ramón's linguistics as well as about his mentality thoroughly linked to krausism.
Refuerzo morfológico, significado y transitividad
Authors: Calvo Pérez Julio
Published: April 2016

The aim of the present essay is to analyse several types of Spanish prefixes that, having like all the others prefixes a basically semantic value, imply at the same time the modification of the sentence transitivity. This transitivity is named "weak tansitivity", since it entails obvious limitations in relation to the most common diathetic variations: causativity, reflexivity and others. The diathesis implicated in this field are usually progressive (causative). The actantial variation is done frequently with the step of one to two actants (el barco flota / los marineros han reflotado el barco) and unfrequently with the step of two to one actant (embocó el hoyo diez / desemboca en el Atlántico). The starting point is the natural-topologic pragmatics of Calvo (1994), who raises that Morphology is a bidirectional instrument mediating between the signifier and the signified. In the present field, weak transitivity is assumed to be recessive, because it implies an analysis from the semantic fields that affects in second term the Syntax: this transitivity is conceived in opposition to "strong transitivity", which assumes that the diathesis is prototypically a sintactic phenomenon that will affect, likewise in second term, the Semantics.
Reflexiones sobre la clase de palabra pronombre
Authors: Crego García María Victorina
Published: April 2016

A review of several works that analyse and classify the different pronoun types brings up two opposited viewpoints: Either the constitution of the pronoun as a grammatical class due to its mutable characteristics or to the desintegration of the pronominal class. In this article we do not attempt a detailed biographical revision. Therefore, we will not be concerned with a "state of the matter". Instead, we will present the two main conceptual and classifying options to subsequently state our position with regard to the question. We will use a series of parameters or linguistic criteria to justify our position. Although most of the criteria used are of a formal nature, eventually they will be supported by other criteria of a notional or accentual profile.
Formas de prescripción en la Ortografía de la RAE. De la prescripción a la descripción: la nueva tendencia
Authors: Crespo Hidalgo Juan
Published: April 2016

Comparative study of the norms about the use of capital letters in the Ortografía of the Spanish Royal Academy 1974 and 1999: inventory and statistics. Evolution of patterns of prescription and description. Trends in norms.
Factores argumentativos y correlatos sintácticos
Authors: Fuentes Rodríguez Catalina
Published: April 2016

Argumentation is a discourse dimension which show several categories. The speaker uses specific syntactic structures to express them. We are analysed the syntactic expression of "fuente" (source or backing) or "enunciador", the reserve, and the argumentative scale.
Los productos lingüísticos de la actividad epistemológica teórica de la lingüística objetual
Authors: Jiménez Ruiz Juan Luis
Published: April 2016

The present paper constitutes an attempt to establish the parameters in order to place a general view of linguistics products (theory, proposition, concept) within the context of Epistemological Linguistic, and to organize in adequate channels the result achieved.
El Compendium del padre Bartolomé Bravo
Authors: Medina Guerra Antonia María
Published: April 2016

El diccionario latín-español de Bartolomé Bravo, el Compendium Marii Nizolii (Valladolid, 1619), se inspira, como puede deducirse de su título, en el repertorio de Nizzoli, pero además de esta obra el jesuíta segoviano debió contar con el diccionario de Ambrogio Calepino o con una edición plurilingüe del Nizzoli, inspirada en el Dictionarium del lexicógrafo bergamasco. En este sentido, no podemos olvidar que la parte española del diccionario de Calepino tiene mucho que ver con la obra de Antonio de Nebrija y que, por tanto, Bravo se nos presenta en última instancia como un eslabón más de la cadena lexicográfica iniciada por el sevillano un siglo antes.
"Que" inicial átono como marca de modalidad
Authors: Pons Bordería Salvador
Published: April 2016

Unstressed que-inital constructions have been traditionally treated as instances of conjunction-headed structures, preceded or not by an implicit performative verb. In this paper it is argued that such an explanation runs into problems when gwe-constructions are faced with their interrogative counterparts, which also show unstressed-initial que. As an alternative, que is considered a modality marker, whose main function is to show, in these constructions, the speaker's stance with regard of the proposition. In this light,, a unified account of interrogative, affirmative and exclamative instances of unstressed que-initial sentences can be provided.