bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex‐related differences and effects of short and long trail running races on resting muscle‐tendon mechanical properties
Authors: Fouré Alexandre , Besson Thibault , Stauffer Emeric , Skinner Sarah C. , Bouvier Jérémie , Féasson Léonard , Connes Philippe , Hautier Christophe A. , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess sex‐related differences in resting mechanical properties and adaptations of skeletal muscles and tendons in response to trail running races of different distances using multi‐site shear wave elastography assessments of the lower limb, force capacity and blood analyses. Sex differences in resting mechanical properties of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles and tendons were characterized by shear wave velocity (SWV) measurements in healthy males (N = 42) and females (N = 25) trained in long‐distance running. Effects of running distance on muscle and tendon properties were assessed in short (<60 km, N = 23) vs. long (>100 km, N = 26) distance races. Changes in isometric maximal voluntary contraction torque, serum C‐reactive protein and creatine kinase activity were also quantified after running races. Higher SWV of relaxed triceps surae muscle was detected in females as compared to males before running races (+4.8%, p = 0.006), but the significant increases in triceps surae muscle group (+7.0%, p = 0.001) and patellar tendon SWV (+15.4%, p = 0.001) after short‐distance races were independent of sex. A significant decrease in triceps surae muscle SWV was found after long‐distance races in the whole experimental population (−3.1%, p = 0.049). Post‐races increase in C‐reactive protein and creatine kinase activity were significantly correlated to the relative decreases in triceps surae and quadriceps femoris skeletal muscle SWV (ρ = −0.56, p = 0.001 and ρ = −0.51, p = 0.001, respectively). Resting mechanical properties of muscles and tendons are affected by sex, and adaptations to trail races are related to running distance. Exercise‐induced changes in resting skeletal muscle mechanical properties are associated with enhanced indirect markers of inflammation and muscle damage.
Four new HLA class I alleles: HLA‐A*03:445, ‐A*66:44, ‐B*35:01:70, and ‐C*07:02:01:161 identified in Russians
Authors: Leonov Evgeny A. , Abdrakhimova Alena R. , Khizhinskiy Stanislav P. , Kuzminova Elena P. , Khamaganova Ekaterina G.
Published: June 2022

Identification of four new alleles A*03:445, A*66:44, B*35:01:70, and C*07:02:01:161 by next‐generation sequencing.
Fragments of Memory
Authors: Strassler Karen
Published: June 2022

Drawing on notes and images from fieldwork conducted more than two decades earlier, the imagetexts in this constellation of “memory fragments” were first produced as part of a social media‐based project, Living1965setiaphari (Living1965everyday). This project, led by a collective of Indonesian artists and activists, seeks to mobilize new media forms to create a “living memorial” and collaborative archive of stories about the mass killings of 1965–1966 in Indonesia. I re‐present and reconceive those imagetexts here and reflect on possibilities for ethnographic “ways of telling” that are faithful to the fragmented forms and disruptive force of traumatic memories of unresolved violence.
TRANSFORMER PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT BY LEAN AND MTM-2 TECHNIQUE
Authors: Noamna Somkeit , Thongphun Theerapong , Kongjit Chalermpon
Published: June 2022

The situation of the covid-19 epidemic is a driving force of the global market’s demand increase of electronic devices and parts. Entire electronic component manufacturers, especially the transformer manufacturing industry, which is a device that supplies power to many electronic devices, encounters problems in producing products that are unable to keep up with the quickly increasing demand. This research aims to increase the productivity of small transformers by lean approach. The paper depicts processes relevant to improving production processes, reducing waste, and finding unnecessary processes. The method begins with two actions. First, study the current situation in transformer manufacturing of a case study. Second, study the customer order to delivery process using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and analyze entire processes of transformer manufacturing to identify standard time by unit work. The main technique is for measuring working time by timing the forward motion with the time measurement method version 2 (MTM-2). The Cause and Effect diagram was displayed with improving guidelines on two operations. First the concept of lean manufacturing was used in principal role, second the ECRS technique (Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange and Simplify) was applied to reduce "waste" as well as to optimize and reduce the manufacturing process of the transformer. The results lead to an increase in the final product per hour from 45 pieces per hour to 75 pieces per hour which increases up to 30% per hour. In addition, the productivity improvements increased the productivity of 3.46 workers per hour to 6.82 per hour (increase of 97.11%) and production time was reduced from 1,109 seconds to 229 seconds (73.04% of productivity).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MISSING RAINFALL DATA ANALYSIS USING THE METHODS OF INVERSED SQUARE DISTANCE AND ARITHMETIC MEAN
Authors: Yogafanny Ekha , Legono Djoko
Published: June 2022

In water resources planning and management, it is essential to have reliable rainfall data. In many cases, rainfall data under the guardian national/ local institution are incomplete. Some data are missing, both monthly and annually. The missing data may persist due to neither damage nor human error. This study aims to estimate the missing rainfall data using two methods, i.e., the inverse square distance and the arithmetic mean methods. The study compared the two mentioned methods using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and to determine the consistency of rainfall data in all stations using double mass curve analysis. This study utilized the rainfall data from Tepus, Semanu, Rongkop, and Tanjungsari Stations in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The model performance was tested by the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The rainfall data consistency was determined by double mass curve analysis. The results showed that the arithmetic mean method performed better rather than the inverse square distance method. The smallest RMSE and MAE values in the arithmetic method at the four stations have confirmed the statement. The rainfall data consistency analyzed by the double mass curve is consistent in all stations except Tepus Station.
REINFORCEMENT OF CHARCOAL ACTIVATED CARBON (CAC) IN NATURAL RUBBER (NR) COMPOUND: IN COMPARISON WITH CARBON BLACK
Authors: Syed Ismail Sharifah Nafisah , Nik Ibrahim Nik Noor Idayu , Rasli Siti Nabila , Majid Noor Aishatun , Abdul Wahab Nor Mazlina , Jamal Siti Noorashikin , Zakaria Salamiah , Nazir Khuzaimah
Published: June 2022

The physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) filled with Charcoal Activated Carbon (CAC) and Carbon Black (CB) were studied. NR is a high-quality, bio-based material that has a more environmentally friendly production system than synthetic rubbers. The incorporation of reinforcing fillers into the natural rubber can significantly improve the mechanical properties, and up to now, CB has been one of the widely used filler. CAC had its own set of benefits for polymer engineering applications, particularly as a potential new natural-based filler in rubber composites. SMR-10 was compounded with compounding ingredients using a two-roll mill by Conventional Vulcanization system. As a comparison study, commercial grade CB (N220) filled NR was compounded alongside with the CAC/NR at 10 phr and 15 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) loading. A cure test was performed to determine the scorch time (tS2) and the cure time (tC90). The density, tensile strength, M100 and M300 of CAC/NR were lower than CB/NR due to the poor interaction of CAC-rubber and the possibility of slightly polar. However, the mentioned properties showed a promising increment as the filler loading increased. The swelling index (%) of CAC/NR were higher which might be contributed by the porous structure of CAC that assisting in the penetration of the toluene. As a conclusion, CAC has the potential to be used as reinforcing filler for elastomer due to the porous structure which can provide greater surface area for interaction. However, if compared to CB, higher loading of CAC was required to obtain the properties of CB of lower loading.
RECYCLED PLASTIC COMPOSITES IMPREGNATED WITH ORGANOCLAY AS POTENTIAL GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL FOR PAVEMENT APPLICATION
Authors: Torio-Kaimo Lestelle V. , T. Romano Paulyn Faith
Published: June 2022

Geogrid in pavement application is widely used today, as it mainly functions as soil reinforcement or as a separator. Geogrid is made up of polymers which makes it resistant to degradation. There are different kinds of polymers which are widely used today in a familiar term called plastics. For the past years, plastic aluminum laminates (PAL) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bags were used as packaging materials or containers.  However, the use of these plastics generates a huge amount of waste, consuming a lot of space and damaging the natural state of the earth. This research aims to utilize these wastes to form geogrid, which will be applied in pavement design. The recycled plastics undergo the melting process, with the aid of the two-roll mill and the compression molding. Then apertures are carved into a grid-like structure. A total of nine mixtures of geogrids were produced, each mixture having a different composition of HDPE, PAL, and organoclay. Tensile test for geogrids by Multi-rib Tensile Method (ASTM 6637) and tensile test for plastics (ASTM D638) are followed to test the geogrids.  Based on the data obtained, it showed that higher tensile strength is achieved when the amount of HDPE composition in the material increases. In terms of the addition of organoclay, the mixture with 98% HDPE and 2% organoclay produced the highest tensile strength. The product of the study exhibiting the highest strength was classified as either class 2 or class 3 geogrid.
Local Community Knowledge for Flood Resilience: A Case Study from East Coast Malaysia
Authors: Kamarudin Khairul Hisyam , Rashid Mohamad Fadhli , Omar Chong Noraini
Published: June 2022

Malaysia as a tropical climate country is vulnerable to dreadful climate change events; particularly floods. These frequent occurrences of floods severely affect one or other parts of the country. In reducing disaster risk and strengthening local initiatives towards climate adaptation, vulnerable communities particularly in rural areas have developed valuable local knowledge for flood resilience. This local knowledge is continuously practiced in facing disasters and it is passed down to the next generations. This study aims to examine measures taken by communities based on local knowledge they possessed from the three stages of disaster management cycle namely, before, during and after disaster. Local knowledge as asserted by scholars could complement scientific knowledge and build a comprehensive disaster risk reduction approach for local context implementation. A mixed method approach was adopted; case study method and household survey involving 90 respondents for quantitative data collection and field observation for collecting qualitative data. Three case study areas in East Coast of Malaysia have been selected for further observation including; 1) Lubok Setol village in Kelantan state; 2) Teladas village in Terengganu state; and 3) Gajah Mati village in Pahang state. Findings from this study indicated that all study cases have developed and adopted local knowledge strategies for flood preparedness and responses including; 1) agriculture techniques and livestock trading; 2) stock piling of food and other necessities; 3) marking flood level as historical record; 4) floodproofing animal shelter; 5) constructing overhead storage cabinet and outdoor hut, and; 6) saving boats for emergencies. As a conclusion, it is proven that local community knowledge plays crucial roles in reducing disaster risks hence contributing towards building a resilient community.
ADN latino: claves culturales e imaginarios de la telenovela en zona de frontera
Authors: Morales Morante Luís Fernando
Published: June 2022

Este estudio pretende explorar, a partir de una serie de entrevistas en profundidad, las percepciones y actitudes de los inmigrantes latinos que viven en los Estados Unidos acerca del significado y usos de los componentes temáticos y audiovisuales que se muestran en las telenovelas latinas emitidas en dicho país. Los resultados indican en general una valoración positiva del uso de estos elementos, pero matizada por componentes socioculturales como el país de procedencia, el grado de nostalgia o su nivel de acoplamiento a la cultura americana. Se sugieren propuestas para mejorar los contenidos atendiendo a estas consideraciones y en especial centrándolas en las expectativas de segundas y terceras generaciones de emigrados.
Transient Analysis of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Air Cooler Using IDAES
Authors: Gentile Russell , Vesely Ladislav , Ghouse Jaffer H. , Goyal Vipul , Kapat Jayanta S.
Published: June 2022

Supercritical CO2 offers a promising solution for meeting modern energy demands. Used as a working fluid in Brayton cycles, it yields greater net efficiencies than traditional atmospheric air or flue gas. To achieve this, however, compressor inlet conditions must be kept close to the critical point (7.32 MPa and 31 °C), posing a design and operations challenge. To cool the working fluid, most designs rely on ambient air which fluctuates in temperature. In this paper, we present a model of one such air cooler that can be used as a digital twin. Our model captures two-dimensional, cross flow, and counter-current geometry while also accounting for heat holdup in the tube and fin material. This was achieved using entirely free, open-source software, namely the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) process systems engineering (PSE) framework. We demonstrate our model’s capability with transient simulations of air temperature changes, predicting CO2 properties at the compressor inlet. Results show an asymmetric, non-linear response in CO2 temperature and density, and highlighting the difficulty in working near the fluid’s critical point.
Acoustic analog to multiple avoided-crossings in two coupled acoustic cavities
Authors: Gupta Arjit Kant , Gupta Anjan K.
Published: June 2022

A closed cylindrical pipe with an inner partition wall forms two one-dimensional cavities. These each exhibit acoustic modes at certain well-defined frequencies. A partial transmission through the partition leads to interactions between the two cavities' modes, and hence to avoided crossings between modes' frequencies. This acoustic system is analogous to a quantum system that has two multi-level interacting sub-systems and, thus, exhibits multiple avoided crossings. Such an acoustic analog is realized and studied by measuring sound transmission as a function of frequency through a pipe with a partially transmitting and movable partition. An excellent agreement is obtained between the experimental results and a simple model based on wave transmission and reflection at different interfaces.
Label distribution-guided transfer learning for underwater source localization
Authors: Ge Feng-Xiang , Bai Yanyu , Li Mengjia , Zhu Guangping , Yin Jingwei
Published: June 2022

Underwater source localization by deep neural networks (DNNs) is challenging since training these DNNs generally requires a large amount of experimental data and is computationally expensive. In this paper, label distribution-guided transfer learning (LD-TL) for underwater source localization is proposed, where a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is pre-trained with the simulation data generated by an underwater acoustic propagation model and then fine-tuned with a very limited amount of experimental data. In particular, the experimental data for fine-tuning the pre-trained 1D-CNN are labeled with label distribution vectors instead of one-hot encoded vectors. Experimental results show that the performance of underwater source localization with a very limited amount of experimental data is significantly improved by the proposed LD-TL.
Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions
Authors: Kast Emma R. , Griffiths Michael L. , Kim Sora L. , Rao Zixuan C. , Shimada Kenshu , Becker Martin A. , Maisch Harry M. , Eagle Robert A. , Clarke Chelesia A. , Neumann Allison N. , Karnes Molly E. , Lüdecke Tina , Leichliter Jennifer N. , Martínez-García Alfredo , Akhtar Alliya A. , Wang Xingchen T. , Haug Gerald H. , Sigman Daniel M.
Published: June 2022

Trophic position is a fundamental characteristic of animals, yet it is unknown in many extinct species. In this study, we ground-truth the
15
N/
14
N ratio of enameloid-bound organic matter (δ
15
N
EB
) as a trophic level proxy by comparison to dentin collagen δ
15
N and apply this method to the fossil record to reconstruct the trophic level of the megatooth sharks (genus
Otodus
). These sharks evolved in the Cenozoic, culminating in
Otodus megalodon
, a shark with a maximum body size of more than 15 m, which went extinct 3.5 million years ago. Very high δ
15
N
EB
values (22.9 ± 4.4‰) of
O. megalodon
from the Miocene and Pliocene show that it occupied a higher trophic level than is known for any marine species, extinct or extant. δ
15
N
EB
also indicates a dietary shift in sharks of the megatooth lineage as they evolved toward the gigantic
O. megalodon
, with the highest trophic level apparently reached earlier than peak size.
Subcritical escape waves in schooling fish
Authors: Poel Winnie , Daniels Bryan C. , Sosna Matthew M. G. , Twomey Colin R. , Leblanc Simon P. , Couzin Iain D. , Romanczuk Pawel
Published: June 2022

Theoretical physics predicts optimal information processing in living systems near transitions (or pseudo-critical points) in their collective dynamics. However, focusing on potential benefits of proximity to a critical point, such as maximal sensitivity to perturbations and fast dissemination of information, commonly disregards possible costs of criticality in the noisy, dynamic environmental contexts of biological systems. Here, we find that startle cascades in fish schools are subcritical (not maximally responsive to environmental cues) and that distance to criticality decreases when perceived risk increases. Considering individuals’ costs related to two detection error types, associated to both true and false alarms, we argue that being subcritical, and modulating distance to criticality, can be understood as managing a trade-off between sensitivity and robustness according to the riskiness and noisiness of the environment. Our work emphasizes the need for an individual-based and context-dependent perspective on criticality and collective information processing and motivates future questions about the evolutionary forces that brought about a particular trade-off.
Phase separation of HRLP regulates flowering time in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fan Sheng , Hua Changmei , Teo Zhi Wei Norman , Kiang Jian Xuan , Shen Lisha , Yu Hao
Published: June 2022

RNA binding proteins mediate posttranscriptional RNA metabolism and play regulatory roles in many developmental processes in eukaryotes. Despite their known effects on the floral transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in plants, the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here, we show that a hitherto unknown RNA binding protein, hnRNP R-LIKE PROTEIN (HRLP), inhibits cotranscriptional splicing of a key floral repressor gene
FLOWERING LOCUS C
(
FLC
). This, in turn, facilitates R-loop formation near
FLC
intron I to repress its transcription, thereby promoting the floral transition in
Arabidopsis thaliana
. HRLP, together with the splicing factor ARGININE/SERINE-RICH 45, forms phase-separated nuclear condensates with liquid-like properties, which is essential for HRLP function in regulating
FLC
splicing, R-loop formation, and RNA Polymerase II recruitment. Our findings reveal that inhibition of cotranscriptional splicing of
FLC
by nuclear HRLP condensates constitutes the molecular basis for down-regulation of
FLC
transcript levels to ensure the reproductive success of
Arabidopsis
.
Inhaled siRNA nanoparticles targeting
IL11
inhibit lung fibrosis and improve pulmonary function post-bleomycin challenge
Authors: Bai Xin , Zhao Guolin , Chen Qijing , Li Zhongyu , Gao Mingzhu , Ho William , Xu Xiaoyang , Zhang Xue-Qing
Published: June 2022

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a profibrotic cytokine essential for the differentiation of fibroblasts into collagen-secreting, actin alpha 2, smooth muscle–positive (ACTA2
+
) myofibroblasts, driving processes underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we developed an inhalable and mucus-penetrative nanoparticle (NP) system incorporating siRNA against
IL11
(si
IL11
@PPGC NPs) and investigated therapeutic potential for the treatment of IPF. NPs are formulated through self-assembly of a biodegradable PLGA-PEG diblock copolymer and a self-created cationic lipid-like molecule G0-C14 to enable efficient transmucosal delivery of si
IL11
. Noninvasive aerosol inhalation hindered fibroblast differentiation and reduced ECM deposition via inhibition of ERK and SMAD2. Furthermore, si
IL11
@PPGC NPs significantly diminished fibrosis development and improved pulmonary function in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis without inducing systemic toxicity. This work presents a versatile NP platform for the locally inhaled delivery of siRNA therapeutics and exhibits promising clinical potential in the treatment of numerous respiratory diseases, including IPF.
Laser-scribed conductive, photoactive transition metal oxide on soft elastomers for Janus on-skin electronics and soft actuators
Authors: Zhao Ganggang , Ling Yun , Su Yajuan , Chen Zanyu , Mathai Cherian J. , Emeje Ogheneobarome , Brown Alexander , Alla Dinesh Reddy , Huang Jie , Kim Chansong , Chen Qian , He Xiaoqing , Stalla David , Xu Yadong , Chen Zehua , Chen Pai-Yen , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Xie Jingwei , Yan Zheng
Published: June 2022

Laser-assisted fabrication of conductive materials on flexible substrates has attracted intense interests because of its simplicity, easy customization, and broad applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve laser scribing of conductive materials on tissue-like soft elastomers, which can serve as the basis to construct bioelectronics and soft actuators. Here, we report laser scribing of metallic conductive, photoactive transition metal oxide (molybdenum dioxide) on soft elastomers, coated with molybdenum chloride precursors, under ambient conditions. Laser-scribed molybdenum dioxide (LSM) exhibits high electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, LSM can be made on various substrates (polyimide, glass, and hair), showing high generality. Furthermore, LSM-based Janus on-skin electronics are developed to record information from human skin, human breath, and environments. Taking advantage of its outstanding photothermal effect, LSM-based soft actuators are developed to build light-driven reconfigurable three-dimensional architectures, reshapable airflow sensors, and smart robotic worms with bioelectronic sensors.
Oh, the shark has such teeth: Did megatooth sharks play a larger role in prehistoric food webs?
Authors: Pyenson Nicholas D. , Koch Paul L.
Published: June 2022

Extinct megatooth sharks were globally distributed and contributed to ocean food chains that were potentially one to two steps longer than any food chain today.
Elicitation of pneumovirus-specific B cell responses by a prefusion-stabilized respiratory syncytial virus F subunit vaccine
Authors: Phung Emily , Chang Lauren A. , Mukhamedova Maryam , Yang Lijuan , Nair Deepika , Rush Scott A. , Morabito Kaitlyn M. , McLellan Jason S. , Buchholz Ursula J. , Mascola John R. , Crank Michelle C. , Chen Grace , Graham Barney S. , Ruckwardt Tracy J.
Published: June 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A candidate RSV prefusion (pre-F)–stabilized subunit vaccine, DS-Cav1, has previously been shown to elicit potent and durable neutralizing activity in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here, we used fluorescently labeled probes and flow cytometry to evaluate the antigen specificity and phenotype of RSV F–specific B cells longitudinally after DS-Cav1 immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at time points before the first immunization through the end of the trial at 44 weeks were assessed by flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate a rapid increase in the frequency of pre-F–specific IgG
+
and IgA
+
B cells after the first immunization and a modest increase after a second immunization at week 12. Nearly all F-specific B cells down-regulated CD21 and up-regulated the proliferation marker CD71 after the first immunization, with less pronounced activation after the second immunization. Memory B cells (CD27
+
CD21
+
) specific for pre-F remained elevated above baseline at 44 weeks after vaccination. DS-Cav1 vaccination also activated human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cross-reactive B cells capable of binding prefusion-stabilized HMPV F protein and increased HMPV F-binding antibodies and neutralizing activity for HMPV in some participants. In summary, vaccination with RSV pre-F resulted in the expansion and activation of RSV and HMPV F-specific B cells that were maintained above baseline for at least 10 months and could contribute to long-term pneumovirus immunity.
Infection Dynamics of Cotransmitted Reproductive Symbionts Are Mediated by Sex, Tissue, and Development
Authors: Jones Megan W. , Fricke Laura C. , Thorpe Cody J. , Vander Esch Lauren O. , Lindsey Amelia R. I.
Published: June 2022

Wolbachia
is a maternally transmitted intracellular bacterium that manipulates the reproduction and physiology of arthropods, resulting in drastic effects on the fitness, evolution, and even speciation of its hosts. Some hosts naturally harbor multiple strains of
Wolbachia
that are stably transmitted across generations, but almost nothing is known about the factors that limit or promote these coinfections, which can have profound effects on the host’s biology and evolution and are under consideration as an insect-management tool.
Limitations of Molecular and Antigen Test Performance for SARS-CoV-2 in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19 Contacts
Authors: Robinson Matthew L. , Mirza Agha , Gallagher Nicholas , Boudreau Alec , Garcia Jacinto Lydia , Yu Tong , Norton Julie , Luo Chun Huai , Conte Abigail , Zhou Ruifeng , Kafka Kim , Hardick Justin , McManus David D. , Gibson Laura L. , Pekosz Andrew , Mostafa Heba H. , Manabe Yukari C.
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 has brought unprecedented attention to the crucial role of diagnostics in pandemic control. We compared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test performance by sample type and modality in close contacts of SARS-CoV-2 cases.
Inhibition of a Chromatin and Transcription Modulator, SLTM, Increases HIV-1 Reactivation Identified by a CRISPR Inhibition Screen
Authors: Pedersen Savannah F. , Collora Jack A. , Kim Rachel N. , Yang Kerui , Razmi Anya , Catalano Allison A. , Yeh Yang-Hui Jimmy , Mounzer Karam , Tebas Pablo , Montaner Luis J. , Ho Ya-Chi
Published: June 2022

HIV-1-infected cells, which can survive drug treatment and immune cell killing, prevent an HIV-1 cure. Immune recognition of infected cells requires HIV-1 protein expression; however, HIV-1 protein expression is limited in infected cells after long-term therapy.
Neutralizing Antibodies against Lassa Virus Lineage I
Authors: Buck Tierra K. , Enriquez Adrian S. , Schendel Sharon L. , Zandonatti Michelle A. , Harkins Stephanie S. , Li Haoyang , Moon-Walker Alex , Robinson James E. , Branco Luis M. , Garry Robert F. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Hastie Kathryn M.
Published: June 2022

No vaccine or therapeutics are approved to prevent LASV infection or treat LF. All vaccine platforms currently under development present only the LIV GP sequence.
Dense Granule Protein GRA64 Interacts with Host Cell ESCRT Proteins duringToxoplasma gondiiInfection
Authors: Mayoral Joshua , Guevara Rebekah B. , Rivera-Cuevas Yolanda , Tu Vincent , Tomita Tadakimi , Romano Julia D. , Gunther-Cummins Leslie , Sidoli Simone , Coppens Isabelle , Carruthers Vernon B. , Weiss Louis M.
Published: June 2022

Toxoplasma gondiiis a widespread foodborne parasite that causes congenital disease and life-threatening complications in immunocompromised individuals. Part of this parasite’s success lies in its ability to infect diverse organisms and host cells and to persist as a latent infection within parasite-constructed structures called tissue cysts.
Complete Genome Sequence of Paraburkholderia terrae Strain KU-15, a 2-Nitrobenzoate-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Liu Yaxuan , Okano Kenji , Iwaki Hiroaki
Published: June 2022

Paraburkholderia terrae
strain KU-15 has been investigated for its ability to degrade 2-nitrobenzoate. Here, we report the complete 10,422,345-bp genome of this microorganism, which consists of six circular replicons containing 9,483 protein-coding sequences. The genome carries genes that are potentially responsible for 2-nitrobenzoate and 4-nitirobenzoate degradation.
Bacterial Community Assembly, Succession, and Metabolic Function during Outdoor Cultivation of
Microchloropsis salina
Authors: Morris Megan M. , Kimbrel Jeffrey A. , Geng Haifeng , Tran-Gyamfi Mary Bao , Yu Eizadora T. , Sale Kenneth L. , Lane Todd W. , Mayali Xavier
Published: June 2022

Bacteria proliferate in nutrient-rich aquatic environments, including engineered algal biofuel systems, where they remineralize photosynthates, exchange secondary metabolites with algae, and can influence system output of biomass or oil. Despite this, knowledge on the microbial ecology of algal cultivation systems is lacking, and the subject is worthy of investigation.
Comparative Genomics of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Pediatric Patients with and without Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome from 2000 to 2016 in Finland
Authors: Bai Xiangning , Ylinen Elisa , Zhang Ji , Salmenlinna Saara , Halkilahti Jani , Saxen Harri , Narayanan Aswathy , Jahnukainen Timo , Matussek Andreas
Published: June 2022

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is a serious public health burden worldwide which causes outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases and the fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) characterized by the triad of mechanical hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Understanding the mechanism underlying the disease severity and patient outcome is of high importance.
Supplemental Material: Duplex kinematics reduces both frontal advance and seismic moment deficit in the Himalaya
Authors: Hu Wan-Lin , Stevens Victoria L.
Published: June 2022

Details of the midcrustal duplex, assumptions for geometric derivations of fault-bend folding, and sensitivity of R to ramp geometry. 
Misdiagnosed giant parathyroid cyst: differential diagnosis of a neck mass of the central region
Authors: D'amore Annamaria , Langellotti Lodovica , Bocale Raffaella , Lombardi Celestino Pio
Published: June 2022

Parathyroid cysts (PCs) are rare benign lesions representing between the 0.08% and the 0.34% of the neck masses going on surgery. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, especially in the differential diagnosis of the cystic anterior neck masses.

Approximately 300 cases of PC are reported within the international literature.

The gold standard for diagnosis is the evidence of high-level intact parathyroid hormone in cystic fluid. It is important to diagnose PCs before surgery, not intraoperatively, in order to avoid unnecessary surgeries or superfluous excision of part of the thyroid gland and prevent the patient from iatrogenic hypothyroidism.

A surgical approach is required in those patients with large-sized cysts, relapses despite needle aspirations or if it causes hyperparathyroidism.

We describe a case report of a patient, initially misdiagnosed with a thyroid cyst swelling, who instead had a giant non-functioning PC, which produced dyspnoea or dysphagia.
GLMNcausing vascular malformations: the clinical and genetic differentiation of cutaneous venous malformations
Authors: McMahon Mollie Helena , Tahir Nasim , Balasubramanian Meena
Published: June 2022

Cutaneous venous malformations frequently present with blue-pink lesions on the skin or mucosal surfaces. They can be problematic for patients who experience pain or unsightly lesions and can also be associated with significant bleeding. A proportion of venous malformations have been noted to occur in families, in particular glomuvenous malformations (GVMs). A ‘two-hit’ occurrence of genetic pathogenic variants appears to explain the appearance of GVMs, with the initial change in the germline copy ofGLMNfollowed by a second somatic hit. Here we discuss a report of siblings experiencing such lesions, which were diagnosed as GVMs by genetic testing. We include a review of the literature regarding the clinical and genetic differences between these groups of venous malformations.
Melioidosis: an unusual diagnosis for deep temporal and masticatory space infection following trauma
Authors: Shetty Nikhil Sadashiv , Karikal Arvind , Radhakrishnan Sharanya Menon
Published: June 2022

We report a patient in his early 70s, with an alleged history of trauma to the right temporal region, following which a swelling developed. A week later, erythematous changes, throbbing pain and occasional fever spikes were noted. A month after the initial trauma, he presented to our institution with necrosed skin over the right temporal region and swelling extending up to the vertex of the skull. The patient was an uncontrolled diabetic and had systemic conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic kidney disease. A CT scan revealed a collection along the infratemporal space extending into the masticatory space. Routine investigations, blood culture sensitivity, were sent, which revealed the presence ofBurkholderia pseudomalleisensitive to ceftazidime and imipenem. Under antibiotic coverage, the treatment was initiated, incision and drainage were done to reduce the bacterial load. However, the patient was lost to underlying systemic conditions and septic shock.
Improvement of SLC29A3 spectrum disorder-related sensorineural hearing loss after initiation of IL-6 inhibitor
Authors: Gunderman Lauren M , Valika Taher , Carol Hallie , Khojah Amer
Published: June 2022

Tocilizumab is reported to reduce systemic inflammation in individuals with SLC29A3 spectrum disorder, but its effect on hearing loss has not been described. The authors present a boy toddler with a history of prematurity, dysphagia, hypersplenism, hyperpigmentation, short height and hearing loss who was referred to the immunology clinic. He initially presented shortly after birth with abnormal hearing screens followed by positive urine test for cytomegalovirus. However, the infection was determined to be postnatally acquired and hearing loss most likely from genetic causes given a family history of hearing loss and consanguinity. A pathogenic variant inSLC29A3was found on whole-exome sequencing and given concern for SLC29A3 spectrum disorder, steroids were started. Following concerns for development of side effects with chronic steroid use, he was switched to interleukin 6 inhibitor therapy. The patient’s inflammatory markers decreased on tocilizumab, and his sensorineural hearing loss was notable for improvement and stabilisation on therapy.
Prenatal diagnosis of a coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula in a fetus with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect
Authors: Ishii Ryo , Ishida Hidekazu , Narita Jun , Ozono Keiichi
Published: June 2022

Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) demonstrate a wide variety of pulmonary and coronary artery abnormalities; additionally, coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) is a rare manifestation of PA/VSD and is seldom detected during pregnancy. In this report, we present a case of prenatal diagnosis of CPAF in PA/VSD and impactful images in a neonate, which were obtained using fetal echocardiography and postnatal electrocardiography-gated 320-row CT. Prenatal diagnosis of CPAF can facilitate the provision of better therapeutic strategies after birth.
Case report of H-syndrome with a review from a rheumatological perspective
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Canchi Balakrishnan
Published: June 2022

A woman in her 20s, symptomatic since the age of 4 with short stature, hearing loss, skin hyperpigmentation and induration over the medial aspect of the thigh, hypertrichosis, histiocytes on biopsy, lymphadenopathy, dilated scleral vessels, pancreatic exocrine deficiency, pericardial thickening, swelling of the eyelids and resistant retroperitoneal fibrosis. Whole-genome sequencing showed a mutation in SLC29A3, confirming ‘H’-syndrome. She is on steroids and methotrexate. This case highlights the rheumatological mimics of this rare disorder.
Streptococcus anginosuspurulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade presenting as a complication of postobstructive pneumonia
Authors: Khor Si Yuan , Osman Abdul-Fatawu , Agarwal Priyal , Banga Sandeep
Published: June 2022

A man in his 60s with stage 3 squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung status postchemotherapy and radiation therapy presented with mixed septic and obstructive shock with multiorgan dysfunction. Initial electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and diffuse concaved ST elevation. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology. CT thorax was notable for dense left lung consolidation with pleural effusion. Emergent pericardiocentesis and percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy were performed which successfully drained 500 mL of purulent pericardial fluid. A left chest tube was placed and revealed a large volume of empyema. Both pericardial and pleural fluid cultures yielded similar strains ofStreptococcus anginosus. The patient was initially treated with empiric broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics which were eventually de-escalated to intravenous ceftriaxone based on microbiology culture and sensitivity. Unfortunately, the patient developed pulseless electrical activity arrest on day 10 of intensive care unit stay and expired despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Harnessing new mHealth technologies to Strengthen the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam (V-SMART trial): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Velen Kavindhran , Nguyen Viet Nhung , Nguyen Binh Hoa , Dang Tho , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Vu Dinh Hoa , Do Thu Thuong , Pham Duc Cuong , Nguyen Huu Lan , Pham Huu Thuong , Marais Ben J , Johnston James , Britton Warwick , Beardsley Justin , Negin Joel , Wiseman Virginia , Marks Guy Barrington , Nguyen Thu Anh , Fox Greg J
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health problem globally. Long, complex treatment regimens coupled with frequent adverse events have resulted in poor treatment adherence and patient outcomes. Smartphone-based mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer national TB programmes an appealing platform to improve patient care and management; however, clinical trial evidence to support their use is lacking. This trial will test the hypothesis that an mHealth intervention can improve treatment success among patients with MDR-TB and is cost-effective compared with standard practice.

Methods and analysis

A community-based, open-label, parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted among patients treated for MDR-TB in seven provinces of Vietnam. Patients commencing therapy for microbiologically confirmed rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis within the past 30 days will be recruited to the study. Participants will be individually randomised to an intervention arm, comprising use of an mHealth application for treatment support, or a ‘standard care’ arm. In both arms, patients will be managed by the national TB programme according to current national treatment guidelines. The primary outcome measure of effectiveness will be the proportion of patients with treatment success (defined as treatment completion and/or bacteriological cure) after 24 months. A marginal Poisson regression model estimated via a generalised estimating equation will be used to test the effect of the intervention on treatment success. A prospective microcosting of the intervention and within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis will also be undertaken from a societal perspective. Cost-effectiveness will be presented as an incremental cost per patient successfully treated and an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

Ethics

Ethical approval for the study was granted by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2019/676).

Dissemination

Study findings will be disseminated to participants and published in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620000681954.
Intraperitoneal paclitaxel for patients with primary malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a phase I/II dose escalation and safety study—INTERACT MESO
Authors: van Kooten Job P , Dietz Michelle V , Guchelaar Niels A D , Brandt-Kerkhof Alexandra R M , Koolen Stijn L W , Burger Jacobus W A , Mathijssen Ron H J , Verhoef Cornelis , Aerts Joachim G J V , Madsen Eva V E
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive tumour arising primarily from the peritoneum. The only potentially curative treatment is cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, the majority of patients are not eligible to undergo this treatment. The benefit of systemic treatment for these patients is limited at the cost of considerable morbidity. Hence, there is a need for appropriate palliative treatment options for patients with MPM. As MPM rarely disseminates outside the abdominal cavity, these patients might benefit from local treatment. A higher, more effective dose of chemotherapy can directly be delivered at the site of the disease. Systemic uptake will be limited, likely resulting in less toxicity. The aim of the INTERACT MESO trial is to determine the maximum tolerable dose of intraperitoneal paclitaxel monotherapy in patients with MPM. Secondary endpoints are to assess safety and toxicity, feasibility and the pharmacokinetic profile of this treatment.

Methods and analysis

The INTERACT MESO trial is a prospective, open-label, single-centre, phase I study with a classic three-plus-three dose escalation design. The study population consists of adult patients with primary MPM, without extra-abdominal disease, who are not eligible to undergo CRS-HIPEC. According to standard of care work-up for CRS-HIPEC, patients will undergo diagnostic laparoscopy to determine the feasibility of CRS-HIPEC. In case CRS-HIPEC is not considered feasible, a peritoneal port-a-cath (PAC) system will be placed. Through this PAC, 8–16 weekly cycles of intraperitoneal chemotherapy will be administered.

Ethics and dissemination

The Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO, The Hague, The Netherlands) and the Medical Research Ethics Committee (METC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) have granted permission to carry out this study protocol. The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Trial registration number

NL9718. EudraCT: 2021-003637-11.
High burden of polyp mischaracterisation in tertiary centre referrals for endoscopic resection may be alleviated by telestration
Authors: Thrumurthy Sri , Htet Hein Myat Thu , Denesh Deepa , Kandiah Kesavan , Mohammed Noor , Gulati Shraddha , Emmanuel Andrew , Bhandari Pradeep , Haji Amyn , Hayee Bu'Hussain
Published: June 2022

Objective

Endoscopic resection (ER) often involves referral to tertiary centres with high volume practices. Lesions can be subject to prior manipulation and mischaracterisation of features required for accurate planning, leading to prolonged or cancelled procedures. As potential solutions, repeating diagnostic procedures is burdensome for services and patients, while even enriched written reports and still images provide insufficient information to plan ER. This project sought to determine the frequency and implications of polyp mischaracterisation and whether the use of telestration might prevent it.

Design/method

A retrospective data analysis of ER referrals to four tertiary centres was conducted for the period July–December 2019. Prospective telestration with a novel digital platform was then performed between centres to achieve consensus on polyp features and ER planning.

Results

163 lesions (163 patients; mean age 67.9±12.2 y; F=62) referred from regional hospitals, were included. Lesion site was mismatched in 11 (6.7%). Size was not mentioned in the referral in 27/163 (16.6%) and incorrect in 81/136 (51.5%), more commonly underestimated by the referring centre (<0.0001), by a mean factor of 1.85±0.79. Incurred procedure time (in units of 20 min) was significantly greater than that allocated (p=0.0085). For 10 cases discussed prospectively, rapid consensus on lesion features was achieved, with agreement between experts on time required for ER.

Conclusions

Polyp mischaracterisation is a frequent feature of ER referrals, but could be corrected by the use of telestration between centres. Our study involved expert-to-expert consensus, so extending to ‘real-world’ referring centres would offer additional learning for a digital pathway.
Patient perception of voxelotor treatment benefit in sickle cell disease
Authors: Idowu Modupe , Haque Anam , Williams Elisa M , Sridhar Arthi
Published: June 2022

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience a range of clinical symptoms, including acute and chronic pain, fatigue, and respiratory problems, as well as chronic organ complications that can lead to disability and accelerated mortality. Voxelotor is a first-in-class therapy that targets sickle hemoglobin polymerization, the root cause of SCD. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of SCD in patients aged 4 years and older and in the European Union and United Arab Emirates for the treatment of SCD in patients aged 12 years and older. Here, we report the single-center experience of both clinician-determined and patient-reported benefits of voxelotor in 27 consecutive patients treated for at least 8 weeks. Clinical Global Impression of Change and Patient Global Impression of Change rating scales were used to capture clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions of change in overall patient health-related quality-of-life with voxelotor treatment. Laboratory data were also collected to assess clinical response to treatment. As observed in previous clinical studies, hemoglobin concentrations and markers of hemolysis were improved in patients treated with voxelotor. Most patients reported marked improvement in disease symptoms, which correlated well with the clinicians’ assessments. Although limited by the retrospective open-label study design, these findings suggest that voxelotor use has a positive impact on outcomes in patients with SCD.