bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peg- Induced Drought Stress Effects on Spinach Germination Parameters
Authors: Zargar Tahoora Batool , Ashraf Faiza , Veres Szilvia
Published: January 2022

Exposure to the drought stress reduces germination rate and seedling's growth with significant variations from crop to crop. An unavoidable consequence of drought exposure is the generation of reactive oxygen species. They can be extremely reactive with several cellular constituents such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is one of the most consumed vegetable species, rich in vitamins, such as vitamin C, and minerals, which are essential for human health. Besides, spinach contains large amounts of bioactive molecules such as glucuronic acid derivatives of flavonoids and p-coumaric acid derivatives that exhibit strong antioxidant activity Osmotic solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) are commonly used to control water potential in seed germination studies. PEG reduces the water potential of osmotic solutions but may limit oxygen availability to germinating seeds. The purpose of this study was to determine whether seed immersion in PEG solution had a detrimental effect on total Germination percentage, Relativized percentage, Mean germination time, Mean germination rate, Coefficient of variation of germination time, Coefficient of the velocity of germination, Germination index, Uncertainty of germination process, Synchronization index, Time to 10% germination, Time to 25% germination, Time to 50% germination, Time to 75% germination, Time to 90% germination, Time from 10 to 90% germination, Time from 25 to 75% germination, Mean daily germination Percent, Peak value for germination, Germination value. A controlled experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress, induced by PEG, on these germination parameters in Spinach. For control, seeds were treated with nutrient solution, and 2.5% PEG was used to induce drought stress. The seeds were germinated geotropically between moisten filter papers. Each roll contained 30 seeds. Overall germination parameters showed a decrease as compared to control. The germination percentage of control seeds of Spinach oleracea L. was 79% while those treated with PEG were only 63%. Similarly, the relativized percentage decrease was observed in the case of PEG-treated seeds. Relativized percentage of control seeds was 91% as treated seeds were only 73%. Both showed a significant decrease as compared to the control.
Organizational Strategic Management Responses and Consequences During Covid-19 Era
Authors: Nagy Sándor
Published: January 2022

One consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is that companies based on conventional (linear) value creation logic and traditional management solutions, even agricultural enterprises, are forced to make such strategic decisions and apply such strategic planning techniques which have not characterised them so far. My basic assumption is that the circumstances have been triggered and accelerated the linear–nonlinear transformation at companies. In this sense, during the value creation of linear organisations, special sets of functions emerge that are nonlinear in their nature. These include the development of adaptation skills, activities focusing on innovation, creativity management, rethinking of HRM, coordinating digital transformation, and all the skills which are needed to successfully respond to an increasingly unpredictable (complex) operating environment. The aim of the paper is to take a snapshot of the current literature dealing with strategic management responses on the consequences of pandemic and – in the same time – categorize the main suggestions, conclusions of the selected papers and documents in line with the steps of the strategic management process. In addition, I want to point out the core essence of the nonlinear management approach reflecting on the content of the literature. Finally, I analyzed the managerial responses of the Hungarian Blue Chip companies in line with the pandemic. The literature suggests a really wide range of solutions to handle the current situation affecting almost all of the most relevant strategy-making areas. The results show that the linear–nonlinear transformation has started in Hungary as well, but in many cases it is still in its infancy.
Impact of Precision Monitoring System on Vegetable Cultivation in Rural Areas
Authors: Masa Nóra , Darázsi Ledóné Hajnalka , Komarek Levente
Published: January 2022

The modern development of recent years has not left agriculture untouched either. The advent and introduction of precision technology have accelerated events further. Slowly, even the smallest farms are trying to move from the methods they have become accustomed to as much as possible, using precision technology to make their operations more efficient and profitable, as those who lag behind will lag behind and will not be sufficiently competitive with other producers. Precision development covers all areas, we have the opportunity to apply new knowledge and technologies in sowing, irrigation, plant protection, harvesting, and last but not least, nutrient replenishment and even other areas. This development is a major task and very topical for smaller producers in rural areas, as they need to develop and create the necessary financial resources, which in many cases can only be achieved in the form of subsidies from different locations. This is all the more true for horticultural crops, since, for example, in contrast to the arable crop production, producers have much higher energy and capital requirements to achieve the same level of profit. In the course of the study, we examined the opinion of the producers supported by the Southern Horticultural Cooperatives – Délalföldi Kertészek Szövetkezete (DélKerTÉSZ) - whether the Agro Sense decision support precision tool placed to them had improved their production conditions and made their production more profitable due to the use of the tool.
The Significance of the Hungarian Wheat Production in Relation to the Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Mizik Tamás , Rádai Zoltán Máté
Published: January 2022

Wheat is one of the most important domestic crops, as well as one of the most important cereals. It has a wide range of use, not only for making basic foods but it is also widely used for animal feeding. The market competitiveness of the production can be measured in different ways. The average yield is one of them, which fluctuates strongly from year to year, mostly driven by weather conditions. Besides, the use of proper seeds and fertilizer, especially nitrogen and potassium, is essential. On the sales side, the price determines the effectiveness of production. Of course, the impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy should not be ignored as direct payments contributed to the gross revenue of crop producers by 57.2% on average. The aim of the article is to present these elements between 2010 and 2020 and to formulate agricultural policy recommendations based on the results obtained. The production and export of higher value-added products, such as various durable foods, but at least seed or durum variety, should be a priority of the Hungarian agricultural policy. This could also stimulate the manufacturing industry, which would have a positive employment effect in addition to an even larger trade surplus. However, the tremendous, 30% price increase in 2021 may not encourage the different stakeholders of the supply chain for any changes.
Analysis of Environmental Protection Expenditures and Their Influence on the Quality of the Environment
Authors: Sîrbulescu Claudia , Pîrvulescu Luminiţa , Iosim Iasmina , Iancu Tiberiu , Dincu Ana-Mariana
Published: January 2022

The environment is an important element in ensuring working and living conditions, but the evolution of industries, especially those polluting branches, have had the effect of deteriorating the quality of the environment. Measures to protect it are becoming increasingly necessary.Environmental protection must be a priority in all aspects of our work, and we must look for ways to protect the Earth's resources for future generations.In the article we have presented an analysis of the evolution of environmental protection expenditures. Environmental protection expenditure is the economic measure of the response of the community to solve environmental problems at a given time.Companies in the national economy reserve funds for environmental protection activities. The amounts allocated differ from one sector of activity to another, but also from one year to another.The field of environmental protection is considered very important for the population. Expenditures on environmental protection involve, on the one hand, expenditures for carrying out environmental surveillance and protection activities, and, on the other hand, expenditures related to the prevention or repair of damages caused to it.It is found that the costs involved in environmental protection are greatly reduced when its degradation is prevented, compared to the situation in which it needs to be repaired.The environment must be protected not only by the requirements of European directives but also by a national program to eliminate pollution.Regarding the expenditures for environmental protection in Romania, the situation was much improved by increasing the amounts available, as a result of economic growth, but also of budget revenues.
Recovery From Reduction: The M’Clintock Channel Polar Bear Subpopulation, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Dyck Markus , Lukacs Paul L. , Ware Jasmine
Published: January 2022

To retain viable polar bear subpopulations, scientific monitoring studies are conducted to inform adaptive management frameworks. Here we report the results of the second structured population study for polar bears in the M’Clintock Channel (MC) subpopulation. Data included biopsy samples collected during a 2014 – 16 subpopulation-wide survey, live mark-recapture data collected during the first subpopulation study from 1998 to 2000, and harvest recovery data from 1998 to 2016. Results of a closed capture-recapture model, implemented in a Bayesian framework for animals over 2 yr., produced a mean abundance estimate of 716 (95% Credible Interval = 545 – 955) for 2014 – 16, indicating an increase from the 1998 – 2000 study estimate (284; our Bayesian-calculated estimate: 325 bears). However, closed model assumptions mean our estimate represents the superpopulation. Mean litter sizes did not differ between study periods, but mean number of yearlings per adult female declined from 0.39 ± 0.10 (SE) to 0.27 ± 0.06 between 1998 – 2000 and 2014 – 16. Apparent survival estimates from observed data were biased low (0.88 ± 0.02) due to unknown immigration and emigration. However, survival calculated using the change in abundance estimates between study periods equaled 0.93, representing a population growth rate of 2%. Body condition improved between study periods. Our findings indicate the MC subpopulation recovered from overharvesting between 1979 and 1999 and may be transiently benefitting from increased biological productivity associated with local sea ice changes. Our demographic analyses were constrained by low density, low harvest, small sample sizes, low recapture probability, and lack of movement information; hence, harvest management decisions should be applied with appropriate caution.
“When We’re on the Ice, All We Have is Our Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit”: Mobilizing Inuit Knowledge as a Sea Ice Safety Adaptation Strategy in Mittimatalik, Nunavut
Authors: Wilson Katherine J. , Arreak Andrew , Itulu Jamesie , Community Management Committee Sikumiut , Ljubicic Gita J. , Bell Trevor
Published: January 2022

Increased variability in weather and sea ice conditions due to climate change has led to high rates of injury, trauma, and death for Inuit travelling on the sea ice. Contributing to these high rates are the ongoing effects of colonial policies that diminish and disrupt the intergenerational transfer of sea ice Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ). Despite these challenges, place-based experiential IQ continues to be the most important information source for safe travel on the sea ice. This paper presents an Inuit-led, coproduced, cross-cultural research project in which Inuit youth documented and mobilized sea ice IQ in Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet), Nunavut for safe community sea ice travel. We outline the Inuit youth training to facilitate the terminology and participatory mapping workshops and to document this IQ. We also discuss the IQ that was most important to share, and the mapping and artistic methods used to mobilize this IQ into a booklet, maps, and posters. Inuktitut sea ice terms are the foundation to enable youth with the skills to learn about sea ice IQ with experienced hunters. IQ enables Inuit to interpret and synthesize information from weather forecasts, earth observations, and community-based monitoring to apply to local conditions. Seasonal IQ maps of safe and hazardous sea ice conditions provide travel planning information at spatial and temporal scales that supplemental information sources cannot address. The IQ products mobilize preparedness, situational awareness, navigation, and interpretation skills so Inuit youth can become more self-reliant, as access to technology is not always possible once out on the sea ice.
Divergent Growth and Changing Climate Relationships of Boreal and Subalpine Spruce in Southern Yukon, Canada
Authors: Strong Wayne L
Published: January 2022

Tree-ring data for 1942 – 2013 were used to determine if boreal and subalpine Picea albertiana S. Brown emend. Strong & Hills radial growth rates changed after 1950 in southern Yukon, northwest Canada. The latter year represented the beginning of accelerated atmospheric greenhouse gas accumulation, which has subsequently caused global climate changes. Ring-width chronologies for both boreal and subalpine trees were constructed using 80 trees. Individual ring-width sequences were crossdated, age-detrended, and converted to tree ring-width indices (RWI). In 2013, boreal and subalpine RWI were 41% and 169% greater than in 1950, respectively. In contrast, elevational treeline chronologies in the region typically decreased 20% – 70%. During 1942 – 2013, boreal and subalpine chronologies were significantly, at best modestly (r < |0.36|), and exclusively correlated with either moisture or temperature variables, respectively. Within this same time frame, RWI-climate variable correlates differed between the early and late phases of each chronology. Average pre-1969 or early-phase boreal correlations based on a 19-year moving window reached a maximum of – 0.56. Late-phase chronology correlations typically shifted towards weaker associations with climate variables (typically +0.04 to +0.30). For boreal RWI, 25 of 68 tested climate variables shifted as much as 0.40 – 0.88 correlation coefficient units between the early and late phases of the chronologies. Subalpine RWI were correlated only with July – August precipitation during the early phase of its chronology. These changes suggest responses by spruce to climate have shifted since 1970. The modest 1942 – 2013 RWI-climate variable correlations likely reflect the result of these changing ecological relationships.
Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production of Napier Grass Using Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Co-Culture Fermentation
Authors: Mueansichai Thirawat , Rangseesuriyachai Thaneeya , Thongchul Nuttha , Assabumrungrat Suttichai
Published: January 2022

Bioethanol from agricultural waste is an attractive way to turn waste into added value that will solve the problem of food competition and waste management. Napier grass is a highly productive and effective lignocellulosic biomass, which is an important substrate of the second-generation biofuels. In addition, several processes are required in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials; thus, co-culture fermentation can shorten the production process. This experimental research utilizes Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-culture fermentation in the bioethanol production of Napier grass using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation technology. To improve ethanol yield, Napier grass was pretreated with 3% (w/w) sodium hydroxide. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the Napier grass content, mixed crude co-culture loading, and incubation time for maximum bioethanol production. The results showed that pretreatment increased cellulose contents from 52.85% to 82%. The optimal fermentation condition was 15 g Napier grass, 15 g mixed crude co-culture, and 7 days incubation time, which maximizes the bioethanol yield of 16.90 g/L. Furthermore, the fermentation was upscaled 20-fold, and experiments were performed with and without supplemented sugar using laboratory-scale optimal fermentation conditions. The novelty of this research lies in the use of a mixed crude co-culture of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae to produce bioethanol from Napier grass with the maximum bioethanol concentration of 25.02 and 33.24 g/L under unadded and added sugar conditions and to reduce operational step and capital costs.
Regulations matter: their effects on actors of the nonindustrial timber value chain in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Martin R. , Mwaseba D.
Published: January 2022

In recent years, non-industrial private forestry (NIPF) for timber production has gained economic importance in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Access to benefits accrued from NIPF represents an opportunity for poverty alleviation. Access and distribution of the benefits are affected
by governance, which is an important aspect in this regard. This paper focuses on state regulations, which in the context of Africa and Tanzania in particular, have received scant attention in the value chain studies. The paper seeks to respond to three main questions: i) How is the timber
value chain regulated? (ii) What strategies do the value chain actors use to gain access to benefits? And iii) how do regulations affect the incomes of the chain actors? Data for the study were collected from Njombe District through documentary analysis, focus group discussions, observations
and in-depth interviews with key informants. The study findings show that while the government is the sole regulator of the chain, regulations are implemented differently at the sub-national level. Industrial and non-industrial private forestry are placed under the same regulatory framework
despite their many differences. This has partly resulted in high transaction costs, which are unaffordable by the majority of actors in the NIPF value chain. Despite strict regulations and many taxes paid, the actors adopt different strategies such as using locally available materials and
capitalizing on social networks in maximizing their incomes from the timber business. The regulations affect incomes of all actors, however, tree growers are the most-affected category. This is because tree growers possess limited capital to engage in high value chain activities and strict
regulations aggravate the situation. The paper concludes that the contribution of non-industrial private forestry to poverty alleviation is stifled by cumbersome district and state regulations that limit actors' access to profitable markets.
Experimental analysis of nonlinear characteristics of absorbers with wire rope isolators
Authors: Ferdek Urszula , Dukała Melania
Published: January 2022

Four different configurations of a mass supporting system consisting of a few prototypes of wire rope isolators are considered in the article. These are named “triangle,” “star,” “parallel,” and “serial” configurations. Reasonable models of a fixture assembly that could be utilized as models for cargo transportation are tested statically and dynamically in the laboratory. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the configuration of damper settings on the effectiveness of vibration and shock isolation (in three directions) and to develop a suitable method to determine nonlinear properties and stiffness characteristics of the tested system. The purpose is also to investigate the sensitivity of the tested systems on the eccentricity of vertical loads and its influence on identification results. Experiments are carried out on the specially designed stand for the model parameters identification.
MRI Stereoscope: A Miniature Stereoscope for Human Neuroimaging
Authors: Ip I. Betina , Alvarez Ivan , Tacon Mike , Parker Andrew J. , Bridge Holly
Published: January 2022

Stereoscopic vision enables the perception of depth. To study the brain mechanisms behind stereoscopic vision using noninvasive brain imaging (magnetic resonance brain imaging; MRI), scientists need to reproduce the independent views of the left and right eyes in the brain scanner using “dichoptic” displays. However, high-quality dichoptic displays are technically challenging and costly to implement in the MRI scanner. The novel miniature stereoscope system (“MRI stereoscope”) is an affordable and open-source tool that displays high-quality dichoptic images inside the MRI scanner. The MRI stereoscope takes advantage of commonly used display equipment, the MRI head coil, and a display screen. To validate the MRI stereoscope, binocular disparity stimuli were presented in a 3T MRI scanner while neural activation was recorded using functional MRI in six human participants. The comparison of large binocular disparities compared with disparities close to zero evoked strong responses across dorsal and ventral extra-striate visual cortex. In contrast, binocularly anti-correlated stimuli, which are not perceived in depth, did not evoke comparable activation. These results are the proof-of-concept that the MRI stereoscope can deliver dichoptic images that produce the perception of stereoscopic depth during acquisition of MR responses. Application of the MRI stereoscope to neuroscience can help to address important questions in perception and consciousness.
Reserve and Maintenance in the Aging Brain: A Longitudinal Study of Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Bagarinao Epifanio , Watanabe Hirohisa , Maesawa Satoshi , Kawabata Kazuya , Hara Kazuhiro , Ohdake Reiko , Ogura Aya , Mori Daisuke , Yoneyama Noritaka , Imai Kazunori , Yokoi Takamasa , Kato Toshiyasu , Koyama Shuji , Katsuno Masahisa , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Kuzuya Masafumi , Hoshiyama Minoru , Isoda Haruo , Naganawa Shinji , Ozaki Norio , Sobue Gen
Published: January 2022

The aging brain undergoes structural changes even in very healthy individuals. Quantifying these changes could help disentangle pathologic changes from those associated with the normal human aging process. Using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 227 carefully selected healthy human cohort with age ranging from 50 to 80 years old at baseline scan, we quantified age-related volumetric changes in the brain of healthy human older adults. Longitudinally, the rates of tissue loss in total gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were 2497.5 and 2579.8 mm3per year, respectively. Across the whole brain, the rates of GM decline varied with regions in the frontal and parietal lobes having faster rates of decline, whereas some regions in the occipital and temporal lobes appeared relatively preserved. In contrast, cross-sectional changes were mainly observed in the temporal-occipital regions. Similar longitudinal atrophic changes were also observed in subcortical regions including thalamus, hippocampus, putamen, and caudate, whereas the pallidum showed an increasing volume with age. Overall, regions maturing late in development (frontal, parietal) are more vulnerable to longitudinal decline, whereas those that fully mature in the early stage (temporal, occipital) are mainly affected by cross-sectional changes in healthy older cohort. This may suggest that, for a successful healthy aging, the former needs to be maximally developed at an earlier age to compensate for the longitudinal decline later in life and the latter to remain relatively preserved even in old age, consistent with both concepts of reserve and brain maintenance.
Surgical Treatment of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage with Atrial Fibrillation in an Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xiang Jun , Wei Shuliang
Published: January 2022

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) is caused by the absence of the congenital connection between the pulmonary vein and left atrium. This causes blood drainage into the right atrium, resulting in poor development of the left atrium and increasing the burden for the right atrium. It is accompanied by an atrial septal defect. TAPVD mostly is diagnosed during the fetal period and rarely is reported in adults. Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common arrhythmia, originates primarily from the joint of the pulmonary vein and left atrium, whereas AF originating from the right atrium has not been documented. Herein, we report the case of a 45-year-old male diagnosed with TAPVD accompanied by AF. After the correction of TAPVD and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for AF performed under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass, the patient returned to normal sinus rhythm and showed no AF recurrence during two years of follow up.
Análisis del capital social y su implicancia en el desarrollo de diversas estructuras económicas
Authors: Kamichi Manuel
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar qué es el capital social y las distintas estructuras económicas que se pueden desarrollar a partir de la presencia de este tipo de capital; para ello, primero se ha recurrido a una investigación conceptual del término y sus características principales; después, se ha recabado diversos modelos de estructuras económicas que se construyeron por medio del capital social. Con este fin, la metodología que se ha hecho uso es la de la revisión de 126 fuentes secundarias. A través de la investigación se descubre que el capital social es utilizado como un medio para desarrollar diversas formas de estructuras económicas en diferentes espacios y tiempos como cooperativas, modelos autogestionados, organizaciones civiles y redes de relaciones inter-institucionales en múltiples contextos en donde todos tienen en común la presencia de este tipo de capital. En los modelos descritos se caracteriza la presencia de lazos sociales fuertes basados en valores como la solidaridad, la cooperación, la ayuda mutua y la confianza.
Perú, un imaginario inconcluso; una reflexión desde los trabajos de Matos Mar a la coyuntura actual
Authors: Ramirez Cornelio Flavio Marino
Published: January 2022

La actual crisis política del Perú nos lleva a preguntar de alguna manera cómo es que se suscitaron los problemas que atravesamos. Si hablamos de un problema coyuntural propio de las elecciones presidenciales o si realmente estamos hablando de un problema estructural que nos compete como sociedad y cuyos síntomas latentes se muestran cada cinco años. Matos Mar nos explica como las migraciones marcan un antes y un después sobre el imaginario que construimos sobre el Perú, o si es que acaso existen muchos. Este es un trabajo antropológico y sociológico que nos trata de explicar acerca del origen de las barriadas en los márgenes de la Lima actual y como esto reconfiguraron el escenario socio político del Perú y a su vez como el estado en su incapacidad de resolver las demandas sociales y económicas de esta nueva reconfiguración social se origina un nuevo fenómeno social y económico que padecemos hasta nuestros días, la informalidad.
Pensar las escalas para pensar las luchas
Authors: Pérez Tapia Luz Vanessa
Published: January 2022

A través de un título sugerente, “pensar las escalas para pensar las luchas”, Mathieu Uhel entreteje la construcción teórico-crítica del concepto escala, generada por la geografía radical anglosajona de finales del siglo XX, con la necesidad/utilidad práctica de la escala para concienciar las luchas sociales. El artículo cumple un doble propósito: por un lado, delinear los elementos de lectura sobre el concepto escala; y, con ello, promover la atención de esta problemática en las luchas contemporáneas. En un primer apartado, Uhel ubica las discusiones académicas en torno a la escala, como herramienta metodológica útil para comprender la complejidad de las sociedades capitalistas; en el segundo apartado, el autor avanza la exposición en torno al contexto de la dimensión escalar del imperialismo capitalista; finalmente, el autor se centra en el rol de la actividad política a escala nacional en la tensa relación entre las imposiciones del capital y la lucha social.
Aplicación de la electrocoagulación en la eliminación de los metales pesados en los efluentes galvánicos
Authors: León Vilela Ernesto , Aramburú Rojas Vidal
Published: January 2022

La búsqueda de nuevas tecnologías orientadas al tratamiento de los efluentes industriales ha hecho que la electrocoagulación sea considerada como la tecnología emergente con mayor aceptación para el tratamiento de los efluentes galvánicos que por su naturaleza misma contienen altas concentraciones de metales pesados. El objetivo de esta investigación es la eliminación efectiva de la carga final de metales pesados mediante la electrocoagulación en aguas residuales de origen galvánico, utilizando electrodos de aluminio (ánodo) y hierro (cátodo), en un reactor de tipo continúo. Se estudiaron los efectos de parámetros como el pH, densidad de corriente y voltaje, sobre las eficiencias de remoción de los metales pesados. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que el pH óptimo donde se alcanzaron los mayores porcentajes de remoción fue de 6 (Cromo 96.8%, cobre 98.1%, níquel 96.6% y zinc 98.1%). Se encontró que la eficiencia de remoción aumenta con un aumento del voltaje y de la densidad de corriente, alcanzándose a 7.5 voltios y a 19 A/m2 los valores más altos de remoción respectivamente. Se puede concluir, con los resultados experimentales obtenidos, que la electrocoagulación es muy eficaz en la eliminación de los metales pesados en los efluentes galvánico.
Determinación de zonas inundables con HEC-RAS en zonas de la Cordillera Central de los Andes. Microcuenca del río Saraus-río La Llanga. Celendín
Authors: Alcántara Boza Alejandro , Castro Tenorio Any
Published: January 2022

Las inundaciones son un fenómeno estacional que ocurre en espacios con tormentas ocasionales y influenciadas por características topográficas del terreno. Existen pocos estudios de zonas de inundación en la Cordillera de los Andes, por ello en el presente estudio se utilizó modelos de simulación hidráulica para identificar zonas de riesgo y desastres. Hec-Ras es un modelo hidrológico de inundaciones usado para para flujos inestables, y bajo los periodos de retorno de 30, 50 y 100 años para flujo estables, en la microcuenca del río Saraus. El modelo utiliza ecuaciones diferenciales del tipo determinístico que nos permite pronosticar la dinámica de los niveles de agua por eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos. Se empleó diversas herramientas geoespaciales como el HEC-RAS, RasMapper, datos geométricos de TIN obtenido de un modelo de elevación digital (DEM/SRTM), imágenes satelitales y Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Para la simulación hidráulica se trazaron 26 secciones transversales separadas a 300 metros. Las manchas simuladas de inundaciones anuales del río brindan información sobre el efecto que generan las inundaciones para tres periodos de retorno de 30, 50 y 100 años. Las zonas de riesgo con mayor impacto por inundaciones corresponden a los inicios de la cuenca, alcanzando cotas de hasta 10 m y anchos de hasta 140 m; algunas áreas están destinadas a actividades agrícolas, lo que genera pérdidas de cultivos principalmente y pérdidas económicas e incluso vidas humanas lo cual en muchos casos pasa por desapercibido por falta de información y gestión en cuencas hidrográficas de altamontaña.
Análisis de los derrames de hidrocarburos procedente de buques y su gestión en el Perú
Authors: Ramírez Caján Alfonso
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación presenta el análisis de la gestión portuaria y acuática en el Perú, sobre el control y combate de la contaminación por derrames de hidrocarburos procedente de los buques; basado en una revisión pormenorizada sobre los diversos instrumentos ambientales y organismos internacionales, que impulsan y promueven el intercambio de información y tecnología, para prevenir y mitigar el riesgo socioambiental y económico a nivel local, nacional y regional, que pueda comprometer sus principales recursos hídricos y biota acuática. Asimismo, se muestra la estadística de derrames a través del tiempo, con un total de 922.74 m3 de hidrocarburos vertidos, siendo el ámbito acuático portuario de Yurimaguas y Zorritos el de mayor impacto, teniendo en consideración la capacidad de respuesta y preparación y la disponibilidad de equipos y medios con que se cuenta para hacer frente a estos eventos.
Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Localización de un Relleno Sanitario en Cerro de Pasco
Authors: Estacio Vidal Jesús Manuel , Tinoco Gómez Oscar Rafael , Díaz Tafur Jenny , Moore Torres Rosa Karol
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio surge a raíz de la problemática en la ubicación de infraestructuras de disposición final (relleno sanitario) de residuos sólidos donde se toma en consideración diversos criterios de análisis siguiendo lo dispuesto en el Reglamento del DL N° 1278 Ley de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos DS N° 014-2017-MINAM. Se realizó el análisis de localización óptima utilizando los procesos de Análisis Espacial Multicriterio (AEMC) así como el proceso de análisis jerárquico (AHP) aplicándolo en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (ArcGis). La investigación tuvo como propósito localizar las áreas adecuadas para la disposición final de residuos sólidos en la ciudad de Cerro de Pasco. Los resultados presentan la consideración de 6 alternativas de localización para el relleno sanitario, todas ellas comprendidas entre los 3 y 4.13 km de distancia de la ciudad, bajo criterios físicos, ambientales, socioeconómicos y legales. Se concluye que los sistemas de información geográfica, el análisis espacial multicriterio y el análisis jerárquico son apropiados para la resolución de problemas de localización.
Diseño y desarrollo de un sistema de alerta temprana para prevenir los efectos de flujos de detritos en la Quebrada Pedregal, Chosica – Lima
Authors: Gutiérrez Lavini Giusepi Joel , Uribe Víctor Manuel , Guadalupe Gómez Enrique
Published: January 2022

Chosica es una zona con características especiales que hacen que se produzca flujos de detritos, la geología está compuesta por la superunidad Santa Rosa del Cretácico Superior, compuesta de afloramientos Tonalíticos y Granodioríticos, los cuales están cubiertos por depósitos aluviales pertenecientes al Cuaternario de la serie del Pleistoceno y Holoceno, las principales geoformas son quebrada y terrazas aluvionales compuesta por diversos flujos de detritos. En el presente trabajo se diseñó y desarrolló un sistema de alerta temprana por medio de una aplicación móvil (App) para prevenir a los pobladores de la quebrada Pedregal de los efectos generados por los huaicos mediante un sistema de alerta temprana en base a sensores pluviométricos, que miden la cantidad de precipitaciones caídas en un lugar durante un tiempo determinado y acelerómetros que pueda medir el grado de aceleración o movimiento. El aplicativo consta de una serie de interfaces, siendo las tres principales el de Bienvenida, el segundo el Mapa donde se pueden observar la ubicación del usuario y el de los sensores y el interfaz Cultura de Prevención, donde el usuario puede encontrar alternativas educativas sobre el huaico, cómo actuar ante ella y el sistema de la alerta. Este aplicativo se podría usar en otros tipos de fenómenos de remoción en masa.
Evaluación de la Calidad de Aire en el Proyecto de Explotación Cantera Camucha, distrito de Morococha, provincia de Yauli, Junín
Authors: Licla Tomayro Luis Ricardo
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de aire en el Proyecto de Explotación Cantera Camucha, localizado en el distrito de Morococha, provincia de Yauli, región de Junín. Para ello se utilizó el método gravimétrico establecido en el Protocolo Nacional de Monitoreo de Calidad de Aire (SINIA, 2019) con el propósito de determinar la concentración de material particulado (PM10 y PM2.5) a barlovento y sotavento del área de explotación. Los resultados demuestran que los niveles de material particulado cumplen con los valores máximos permitidos en los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para Aire, lo cual indica que la calidad de aire no constituye un riesgo para la salud de los trabajadores ni al medioambiente.
La actividad minero-metalúrgica del Cu, Zn, Pb y su influencia en el crecimiento económico del Perú, 1996-2018
Authors: Ospino Edery Juan José Manuel Ysaac
Published: January 2022

Durante más de una centuria, la principal actividad económica de nuestro país ha sido la minero metalúrgica, siendo en las tres últimas décadas mayormente gestionada por empresas foráneas, limitándose el rol del estado a promocionar las inversiones en un recurso no renovable, abundante y con característica competitivas de ser explotado, contexto que planteó la interrogante central, de ¿Como la actividad productiva minero-metalúrgica del Cu, Zn, Pb a influenciado en el Crecimiento Económico del Perú, 1996-2018?, diligencia que procura significativos ingresos económicos, contribuyendo a financiar un mayor gasto público, favoreciendo a mejorar los indicadores sociales de pobreza, desarrollo humano, desigualdad, necesidades básicas insatisfechas, mientras que por otro lado, se ha hecho más dependientes de la inversión extranjera así como el de la generación de mayores impactos ambientales. Problemática, que es estudiada mediante el análisis de lo que ha implicado la actividad minero-metalúrgica, en sus diferentes y continuadas etapas, como son la inversión, producción, exportaciones, la misma que ha contribuido a evidenciar el Crecimiento Económico, como base a una forma de Desarrollo Económico.
Relación entre la cargabilidad en el dominio del tiempo y la cargabilidad espectral en un estudio de IP realizado por una empresa de exploración el sector de Checa Alta, Valle de Tambo Arequipa, 2015
Authors: Peláez Mc Evoy Ricardo Fabian , Torres Guerra Jesús Alberto
Published: January 2022

Los estudios de geofísica orientados a la caracterización juegan un papel muy importante para proporcionar un mejor entendimiento de la estructura interna de la tierra y específicamente de una nueva zona de estudio y como consecuencia poder mapear sus propiedades, sus características y los efectos que generan los procesos de alteración geológica. Esto finalmente generará en una mejor interpretación geológica - geofísica en la zona nueva zona de estudio. En este trabajo de investigación se está utilizando los datos de cargabilidad registrados en el dominio del tiempo; primeramente, se utiliza los valores registrados a través de las 20 ventanas muestreadas en el tiempo y esta curva de decaimiento obtenida es la que se utiliza para determinar la función de transferencia que expresa el comportamiento del subsuelo al aplicar una corriente y observar su cargabilidad. Seguidamente se utiliza esta función de transferencia y se aplica la transformada de Fourier para descomponer esta nueva señal en sus valores espectrales. Estos valores espectrales extraídos de la función de transferencia contienen valores de amplitud, Fase y frecuencia angular. Con estas nuevas variables se ha generado 3 cubos adicionales y esto ha hecho posible tener más elementos y variables que ayuden en una mejor caracterización e interpretación de la zona de estudio. Lo importante de este trabajo de investigación es la forma como se utiliza los datos registrados en el tiempo y a través de una transformada de Fourier se cambia al dominio espectral que poseen características sensibles para cada tipo de roca o suelo. Esto ha permitido poder entender cómo se comporta un medio al aplicarle un campo eléctrico y mediante estos resultados podemos otorgarles un valor agregado y adicional a los datos de cargabilidad registrados en el tiempo. Todo lo señalado anteriormente se ha conseguido utilizando una serie de algoritmos que se han desarrollado en MATLAB para finalmente obtener las variables frecuencia angular, amplitud y fase. Finalmente, estos resultados se observan con mejor claridad con la variable amplitud donde se puede observar una diferenciación entre un tipo de roca masiva, una roca fracturada, zonas de alteración y zonas de baja compactación. Con respecto a la variable fase se puede confirmar una diferenciación de bloques con un buen alineamiento de la falla confirmando el rumbo y azimut de esta.
Las trayectorias productivas de localidades “agro-industriales”: Un análisis histórico y socio-espacial
Authors: Valinotti María Florencia
Published: January 2022

El trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las trayectorias socio-productivas de dos pueblos rurales que devienen en localidades agro-industriales (Córdoba, Argentina) desde una perspectiva histórica y socio-espacial. El abordaje teórico-metodológico privilegia el estudio de los actores socio-económicos territoriales que se instituyen como hegemónicos para dar cuenta de las formas de producción del espacio, considerando además su inserción en procesos macro-nacionales y globales. El estudio se extiende a lo largo del siglo XX hasta el presente y se sistematiza a partir de los distintos pactos territorialesque se fueron conformando.Las conclusiones permiten identificar la estructura interna de los agentes que conforman el sector dominante a nivel territorial y su rol en la definición del perfil productivo de las localidades.
Relevancia de los Manuscritos de 1844 en el pensamiento de Marx: Alienación y trabajo enajenado
Authors: Romero Reyes Antonio
Published: January 2022

La década de los años 40 del siglo XIX fueron años vitales en la maduración del pensamiento así como en la biografía intelectual de Karl Heinrich Marx. Los Manuscritos económico-filosóficos de 1844 formaron parte de un gran esfuerzo para fundamentar una episteme propia y original; y el presente trabajo pretende justamente rescatar, revalorar y reconstituir tales manuscritos en el conjunto del pensamiento de Marx1. Se concentra la atención en el tema de la alienación y/o del trabajo enajenado, lo que es abordado desde varios ángulos: el núcleo duro de la crítica social del joven Marx; los sentidos marxianos del trabajo enajenado; el fundamento de una sociología crítica del capitalismo; todo ello en el marco de los mismos Manuscritos.
The Attitude of the Lithuanian Translation Market Participants towards Machine Translation and Post-editing
Authors: Levanaitė Karolina
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of the research project funded by the Research Council of Lithuania, the aim of which was to find out the attitude of Lithuanian translation market participants – companies and freelance translators – towards machine translation and post-editing. Currently, there is no objective information on the application of machine translation in companies providing translation services in Lithuania or the attitude of translators to machine translated texts and the challenges posed by post-editing as a service. There is also no information on the competences that need to be developed by translators and translation students so that they can adapt to this new reality and work successfully on the market. To reach this aim, two questionnaires were prepared: one for translation companies providing translation services (n1=42) and the other for translators (n2=61), and two surveys were carried out. A qualitative analysis of survey data confirmed that among market participants there is a strong belief that as machine translation programs progress, the importance of competences ensuring quality post-editing will grow rapidly. Among the most important competences for post-editing, both groups of respondents singled out knowledge of text linguistics, native and foreign language proficiency, and knowledge of the field of translation. However, the surveys have also revealed that at least one third of market participants have a negative view toward machine translation and see it as a threat to the quality of translation (agencies) and/or their jobs (translators). It is expected that the conducted research will contribute to the promotion of a more favourable attitude of translators to machine translation technologies and will encourage further research in post-editing in Lithuania.
Problems of Rendering Architectural Terms in the Lithuanian translation of K. Frampton’s “Modern Architecture: A Critical History”
Authors: Posaškova Aleksandra , Burkšaitienė Nijolė
Published: January 2022

The article explores problems of translation of architectural terms from English into Lithuanian by analysing the terms found in K. Frampton’s book Modern Architecture: A Critical History and their translation into Lithuanian in Moderniosios architektūros kilmė ir pagrindai (translated by S. Kozulaitė). In order to identify architectural terms in the original text, a special term identification application was created and used. Thus, 132 English architectural terms were identified and semantic analysis of these terms as well as the analysis of their translation was conducted. It was established that the main problems of translating architectural terms were caused by the difficulty of their identification in the original text, their variation and synonymy in Lithuanian. The research results suggest that translation of some architectural terms from English into Lithuanian may be a challenge caused by the difficulty of establishing an equivalent term arising from the existing synonymity or variation of architectural terms in the Lithuanian language.
Postpartum Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV in a Breastfeeding Infant
Authors: Swain Carol-Ann , Kaufman Suzanne , Miranda Wilson , Haskin Lisa , Parker Monica M. , Shah Dipal , Gonzalez Charles
Published: January 2022

This article is an examination of MTCT of HIV through breastfeeding in a mother who seroconverted postnatally.
Avaliação de intervenção para promoção de resiliência em famílias de crianças com Síndrome de Down
Authors: Rooke Mayse Itagiba , Silva Nara Liana Pereira
Published: January 2022

Este estudo objetiva avaliar efeitos de uma intervenção que busca promover resiliência em oito famílias de crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) de até dois anos de idade. Classificou-se as famílias segundo arranjos e renda, distribuídas aleatoriamente nos grupos experimental e controle. Visitas domiciliares ocorreram no pré-teste, pós-teste e follow up, onde todos responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico e à entrevista acerca da resiliência familiar, além dos genitores responderem ao Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp e ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Um diário de campo e entrevistas de avaliação para as famílias foram realizados durante a intervenção. Não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores da resiliência nas famílias nos diferentes momentos (p = 0,77). Entretanto, alguns membros percebem mudanças na família após participação no trabalho, como melhorias na comunicação e aquisição de conhecimentos sobre SD. Estudos com mais participantes e período de tempo prolongado são necessários.
Selbstkritik und Krise
Authors: Ißler Roland
Published: January 2022

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