bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safely managing pain in hospitalized older adults
Authors: Alban Heather L. , Krasa Heather E. , Deringer Peter W. , Kumar Kushee-Nidhi
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Opioid pain medications carry serious risks when not used properly. Tools should be used to establish individualized, multimodal pain treatment plans that use opioids judiciously and effectively. This study aimed to explore outcomes of older adult patients who experience acute pain and determine if implementation of a Geriatric Acute Pain Management Order Set reduces opioid consumption during hospitalization, length of stay, unnecessary readmissions, and discharges to skilled nursing facilities.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective chart review over 12 months at a Level I trauma center. Implementation of Geriatric Acute Pain Management Order Set on adults ≥70 years admitted to services diagnosed with long bone, rib, vertebral, or pelvic fracture. Exploratory analysis using the order set was compared to standard pain management practices.

Results:

Nonsignificant association was found between order set usage and average oral morphine equivalents (OMEs), consumption per day (P = 0.08), length of stay (P = 0.45), and number of days to readmission (P = 0.70). Hip/femur/pelvic fractures showed higher median OME/day (14.2 mg) compared to patients with humerus/scapula/clavicle fracture(s) (8.9 mg). Median OME/day was statistically different between types of service lines (P < 0.01), with orthopedics having the highest daily OME (30.4 mg). Most patients were discharged to skilled nursing facilities (n = 277) and homes (n = 114) with no demonstrated correlation between the amount of opioids consumed and discharge disposition.

Conclusions:

Order set integration into practice guides safe and effective care of older adults experiencing pain. Optimization of pain management modalities in the hospital serves to restore mobility and function, reduce patient harm, and improve quality of life.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:

Practice-based learning and improvement, Patient care and procedural skills, and Systems-based practice.
Role of Desmopressin Acetate before Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Kidney Biopsy in Patients with Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Sethi Jasmine , Bansal Sandeep , Lal Anupam , Kohli Harbir Singh , Rathi Manish
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

The most common complication of percutaneous kidney biopsy is bleeding, which can be seen in up to one-third of cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prebiopsy administration of intranasal desmopressin acetate in reducing the incidence of biopsy-related bleeding complications.

Methods:

This was a prospective randomized double-blind pilot study conducted at our center from January 2021 to September 2022. Consecutive adult patients who underwent native percutaneous kidney biopsy with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤45 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomized into a placebo (saline intranasal spray) group versus intranasal desmopressin group. The bleeding complications were compared between the two groups.

Results:

A total of 80 patients who underwent kidney biopsy at our center from January 2021 to September 2022 with eGFR ≤45 ml/min/1.73 m2 were included (40 patients in desmopressin group and 40 patients in non-desmopressin group) in the study. The mean age of the patients was 44 ± 12 years with a mean eGFR of 20.82 ± 12.64 ml/min/1.73 m2. Intranasal desmopressin administration before kidney biopsy was associated with a significantly higher number of minor bleeding complications (P = 0.02) and no significant reduction in major complications (P = 0.15) when compared with a group that did not receive desmopressin. Other complications like hypotension, flushing, and vasovagal syncope were not statistically significantly associated with the use of desmopressin.

Conclusions:

Our study did not find any utility of prophylactic desmopressin use before kidney biopsy in patients with kidney dysfunction.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Remission Induction with Modified Multitarget Therapy with Intravenous Cyclophosphamide in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Pal Atanu , Chaudhury Arpita Ray , Bhunia Abhirup , Bhattacharya Koushik , Chatterjee Suparna , Divyaveer Smita Subhash , Sircar Dipankar , Sen Debabrata
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) is yet to be optimized. Standard of care for induction consists of intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC) and steroids, which shows an improved outcome, but end-stage renal disease (ESRD) progression, increased mortality, and therapy-related adverse effects remain a major concern. The other treatment reported to induce early remission was the multitarget therapy comprising tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroid, but infections were high in the multitarget therapy. Considering azathioprine as a potentially safer and effective alternative anti-B-cell therapy, modified multitarget therapy (MMTT) was planned replacing mycophenolate with azathioprine.

Material and Methods:

A single-center, 24-week, open-label, randomized controlled trial comprising adults of age 18–65 years with biopsy-proven PLN was carried out. The intervention groups were 1) MMTT: tacrolimus 0.075 mg/kg/day and azathioprine 2 mg/kg/day and 2) IV CYC group with a starting dose of 0.75 (adjusted to 0.5–1.0) g/m2 every 4 weeks for 6 months. Both groups received 3 days of pulse methylprednisolone followed by a tapering course of oral prednisone therapy.

Results:

Among 100 randomized patients, 48 were in MMTT arm and 52 were in IV CYC arm. At the end of 24 weeks, overall remission (complete and partial) was comparable in both the arms: MMTT (86.36%) and IV CYC (87.75%). There was comparable proteinuria reduction and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score improvement with recovery of complement level C3 in both groups. Major adverse events were numerically more in the IV CYC group, including one death from pneumonia.

Conclusion:

The MMTT arm is as effective as IV CYC in improving short-term outcome in PLN, with a comparable safety profile.
Longitudinal Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Three Different Hyperphosphatemia Management Groups of Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Mahapatra Himansu S. , Pursnani Lalit , Muthukumar B , Singh Mansi , Gupta Yadunandan P.
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has emerged as an important outcome measure inpatients with CKD. The lack of prospective studies on HRQoL and its relation with hyperphosphatemia control measures among pre-dialysis patients necessitated the need for this study.

Methods:

This isa prospective, randomized, controlled, open-labelled studythat was conducted for one year on 120 CKD stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients divided equally into three groups: Group 1, in which patients under went dietary phosphorus modification; Group 2, in which they were administered calcium-based phosphate binders; and Group 3, in which they were administerednon-calcium-based phosphate binders. Patients were assessed for HRQoL, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF 23), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), phosphorus, and nutritional status, and dietary phosphorus control strategies at 0, 6, and 12 months. HRQoL was measured by using the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) that included a physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS). The scores is ranging from0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better health status. Usingthe two-wayand one-way repeated measure ANOVA, we analyzed equality of group means, time intervals, and interactions.

Results:

At baseline, the mean PCS and MCS were equal in three groups. PCS improved significantly (P< 0.00) from baseline to one year in all the three groups: ingroup 1, the PCS score was 66.5 ± 13.5to 75.1 ± 9.76; in group 2, it was 68.9 ± 11.80 to 77.2 ± 7.50;and in group 3, it was 66.2 ± 12.16 to 73.8 ± 9.27. Initially, MCS declined substantially on the sixth month but recovered afterone year. Multiple regression analysis in 13 associated parameters yieldedR2of 13.7% and 18.1% in PCS and MCS, respectively, indicating little contribution of various parameters.

Conclusion:

There has been a significant positive change in PCSs in three hyperphosphatemia management groups over a period of 12 months. Among the three study groups, the incremental changes in PCS and MCS scores were insignificant.
Factor Analysis of Low Back Pain among Women in Sea Food Processing
Authors: Paramasivam Parimalam , Thirumoorthi Amaravathi , Ravi Surya
Published: October 2023

Women in sea food processing units were involved in pre processing, grading, cleaning, freezing and packaging and they adopted static and awkward posture which results in low back pain. The aim of the present study is to analyze the factors that contribute to low back pain among women workers. A total of 244 women workers participated in the study. Socio economic background and frequency of musculoskeletal discomforts were studied. Descriptive statistics, chi square analysis and factor analysis were carried out to identify the factors contributing to low back pain. Women were involved in peeling (48.8%), setting (26.6%) and grading (24.6%) activity. Factor analysis indicated that work environment contributed to 33%, personal factors contributed to19%, work organization contributed to 16% and socio economic factors contributed to 11% for the low back pain. Worker education and periodical health surveillance will help to minimize the risk of low back pain among the women in industrial settings.
Return to Work following Motor Vehicle Accident: A Case Report
Authors: Sayapathi Balachandar S , Rowther Sirajudeen
Published: October 2023

According to the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), tests of functional capacity evaluation (FCE) have an insignificant relationship with the actual tasks performed and the on-job assessment is required. Commuting accidents have been an increasing trend. A 34-year-old gentleman was referred following severe traumatic brain injury with cerebral edema and multiple fractures. He was evaluated with the Chessington Occupational Therapy Neurological Assessment Battery (COTNAB) where his visual perception performance has improved. The performance of visual and spoken instructions is within normal limits. He has improved on the upper extremity functional scale measure activities with an affected limb from 60 to 68 and also improved on the lower extremity functional scale from 43 to 51. He managed to cover a distance of 2 km in 42 minutes after a short break and accomplished to climb 200 steps after a mini-break through maximum capacity evaluation. The patient is fit as a clerk after going through various sessions to improve the cognition and function of extremities. FCE is precisely measured behavioral tests and should be inferred from the patient’s personal and environmental setting.
Loss of working length in curved canals with rotary nickel–titanium instruments and reciprocating files
Authors: Jenaki E. V. , Sreelekshmi V. , Yadav B. Akhil , Aswathy Y. , Amal P. Fathima , Noora M.
Published: October 2023

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate the change of working length in curved molar root canals after preparation with rotary nickel–titanium instruments and reciprocating files.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty human-extracted maxillary and mandibular molars with curved roots were selected, with the help of a radiographic platform, a constant object sensor distance was arranged to take a digital radiograph of each tooth for determining the angle of curvature of the roots by Schneider’s method. The teeth were divided into Groups I, II, and III based on the instrumentation, ProTaper group, Reciproc group, and control group, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative working length was determined and compared using cone-beam computed tomography. The difference was determined statistically using one-way anova analysis.

Results:

There was minimum loss of working length found when instrumentation was done with Reciproc files compared with ProTaper.

Conclusion:

Reciprocating instruments can be an effective alternative used in the preparation of severely curved canals.
A review on understanding the risk factors for coronary heart disease in Indian college students
Authors: Ghosh Joyeta
Published: October 2023

College students shift from being adolescents to becoming adults, and they are more likely to embrace habits that increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). India has 253 million teenagers and is the second-most populous nation in the world. The current situation in India shows that young people there are at risk for CHD-related diseases. The long-term CHD risk in the future is highly predicted by the current risk factors in young people. The purpose of the current study is to describe all the research that was done among Indian college students to show the depth of CHD exposure in young people. This analysis emphasizes the demand for better risk assessment techniques and more youth awareness among Indians. The evidence of the persistence of CHD risk factors in these college-bound students comes from various cross-sectional studies. However, they are largely modifiable risk factors for diabetes, hypertension, and CHD that are very common among India’s student population. These CHD risks can be changed in 80% of cases. Therefore, a community-based approach will be helpful in this multicultural nation to prevent CHD. To correctly identify and manage CHD, increased screening should play a crucial role in tandem with education.
Pain as a presenting symptom of hypothyroidism
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Kamal Mrinal , Kohli Pramod
Published: October 2023

Chronic back or limb pain is often debilitating and disabling resulting in loss of efficiency, depression, and low self-esteem. Diagnosis usually suggests arthritis or nerve root pathology and patients receive long-term oral analgesics and invasive procedures with little or no relief. Hypothyroidism may present as peripheral neuropathy which may be clinically indistinguishable from entrapment neuropathy as occurs with neural canal stenosis. Muscle cramps, aches, proximal symmetrical muscle weakness, stiffness, polymyositis, and exercise intolerance may be the only presenting symptom indicating hypothyroidism. We present five cases of acute on chronic pain that improved significantly on treatment with thyroxine. Neuromuscular pain may be the only presenting symptom of hypothyroidism. Thyroid profile (TSH, FT3, FT4) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies should be screened before subjecting the patient to multiple analgesics and procedures.
Comparison of fascial plane blocks (ESPB vs. TPVB) for pain relief following modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Jayakrishnan S , Dua Amit , Kumar Alok
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims:

The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel regional anesthesia technique compared to the thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) in providing postoperative pain relief in breast surgeries. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is a commonly performed surgery for breast cancer. The objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of ESPB and TPVB in providing postoperative pain relief after MRM.

Material and Methods:

This is a prospective randomized study conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Sixty ASA I–III adult patients (age >18 years) scheduled to undergo elective unilateral MRM for breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound-guided ESPB or TPVB with 0.25% bupivacaine was performed preoperatively on the patients randomized into two groups, namely, the ESPB and TPVB groups. All patients received patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain relief. Morphine consumption and Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain were recorded at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively.

Results:

Primarily, the mean postoperative VAS scores between the two groups at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h showed no statistical significance and were comparable when matched at different time points. However, 24-h morphine consumption was significantly more in the ESPB group (P = 0.035). Duration of block performance also showed a significant difference, with ESPB taking less time to perform (P < 0.001). The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of patients and length of hospital stay in both the groups were similar.

Conclusions:

Both ESPB and TPVB provided adequate analgesia in patients undergoing MRM; however, TPVB had better efficacy and opioid-sparing effect when compared to ESPB.
Electronic health record interoperability using FHIR and blockchain: A bibliometric analysis and future perspective
Authors: Anand Gaurav , Sadhna Divya
Published: October 2023

Electronic health records (EHRs) constitute vital statistics, current health condition, ongoing therapies, and patient data; hence, their interoperability could be useful for epidemiologic and clinical research. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and blockchain are currently “in-use” and tested for exchange of such data. The annual scientific production of publications for both FHIR and blockchain shows steady growth. The data interoperability and electronic data interchange have been introduced in the field of EHR in 2020, hence inferring that data interoperability is relatively a new domain. The thematic mapping suggested “interoperability” of EHR is well-developed and important for the structure of the research field.
Investigator knowledge, awareness, and registrations of academic clinical trials with the Clinical Trial Registry of India: An observational study
Authors: Bhide Shruti , Patil Saurabh , Sohal Amitoj , Kadhe Neha , Munshi Renuka , Phirke Chetan , Ambre Snehal , Pawar Sudhir , Patil Ruchita
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

In 2019, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) introduced the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules 2019 (NDCTR), which separated the research guidelines for “Clinical Trials” and “Biomedical and Health Research.” As a result, guidelines issued by Indian Council of Medical Research were stated to apply to academic clinical trials (ACTs). This change is important because academic studies are crucial for scientific advancement and repurposing of approved drugs in health-care industry. However, conducting an ACT can pose challenges. We assessed the level of awareness, knowledge, and challenges faced by investigators. Our aim is to overcome some of these challenges and encourage more academic studies for the betterment of healthcare and scientific knowledge in India.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in two phases after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (EC) of three tertiary care hospitals in Mumbai. In the first phase, the number of ACTs was assessed from the clinical trial registry India website, while the number of registered and re-registered ECs were assessed from the CDSCO website. The second phase involved assessing investigator awareness and knowledge about ACTs using a prevalidated questionnaire with a content validity index score of 0.93.

Results:

In 2020, the highest numbers of studies were registered, with the highest numbers of registered and re-registered ECs from Maharashtra. All participants completed the questionnaire and were aware of the need to follow guidelines for clinical trials. Sixty-seven percent of participants knew that the guidelines for ACTs differed from those of sponsored clinical trials, but only 58% were aware of the exact definition of an ACT as per NDCTR, 2019. Eighty-five percent of participants knew who could initiate an ACT, but only 27% knew about the applicability of results of an ACT and 33% had in-depth knowledge about the required approvals, while only 10% knew the archival period. Although 71% of participants had knowledge about serious adverse event reporting, few answered in-depth questions correctly. Only 31 participants reported facing varied challenges.

Conclusion:

To conduct ACTs effectively and contribute to healthcare and scientific advancement, it is crucial to enhance investigators’ existing knowledge about ACTs.
Humoral immune response to an mRNA-1273 booster after chAdOx1-nCoV-19-priming among patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Cheng Bo-Yu , Lin Ting-Yun , Hung Szu-Chun
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Patients who are undergoing dialysis due to end-stage kidney disease are susceptible to greater coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications. While vaccination is seen as the most effective tactic against COVID-19, the dialysis population usually has impaired immune responses to vaccination. Owing to the global vaccine supply shortage in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, hemodialysis patients in Taiwan were administered homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at 12-week intervals, with a third booster shot of mRNA-1273 given 12 weeks after the second dose. We assessed the antibody responses of these patients to this extended-interval dosing protocol.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 168 hemodialysis patients (mean age: 67 ± 13 years) without prior COVID-19 infection were vaccinated between June 16, 2021, and January 5, 2022, and followed until February 10, 2022. The primary outcome was seroconversion with an antispike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level ≥50 arbitrary units (AU)/mL at 4 weeks after the administration of an mRNA-1273 booster shot. The secondary outcome was the level of antispike IgG antibodies. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between the baseline characteristics and the antispike IgG level.

Results:

A total of 163 (97.0%) patients reached the primary endpoint, with antibody levels after the third booster dose of mRNA-1273 being significantly higher than those after the second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (median IgG titer 12,007 [4394–23,860] vs. 846 [interquartile range 295–2114] AU/mL; P < 0.001). Patients who were male, older, had a higher body mass index, had a lower total lymphocyte count, and used immunosuppressants had lower antibody levels.

Conclusion:

A third booster dose of mRNA-1273 after two consecutive priming doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with extended intervals resulted in adequate humoral immune responses among hemodialysis patients.
The first cotangent cohomology module for matroids
Authors: Brehm William , Constantinescu Alexandru
Published: October 2023

We find a combinatorial formula which computes the first cotangent cohomology module of Stanley–Reisner rings associated to matroids. For arbitrary simplicial complexes we provide upper bounds for the dimensions of the multigraded components of

T^1

. For specific degrees we prove that these bounds are reached if and only if the simplicial complex is a matroid, obtaining thus a new characterization for matroids. Furthermore, the graded first cotangent cohomology turns out to be a complete invariant for nondiscrete matroids.
Real Algebraic Geometry with a View toward Koopman Operator Methods
Authors: Henrion Didier , Kuhlmann Salma , Mezić Igor , Vinnikov Victor
Published: October 2023

This workshop was dedicated to the newest developments in real algebraic geometry and their interaction with convex optimization and operator theory. A particular effort was invested in exploring the interrelations with the Koopman operator methods in dynamical systems and their applications. The presence of researchers from different scientific communities enabled an interesting dialogue leading to new exciting and promising synergies.
New Directions in Real Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Basu Saugata , Kummer Mario , Netzer Tim , Vinzant Cynthia
Published: October 2023

This workshop explored the forefront of connections of real algebraic geometry with convex analysis, combinatorics, and computational complexity. Important aspects have been promising interactions with the fields of quantum information theory, discrete geometry, complex and random algebraic geometry.
Morphisms in Low Dimensions
Authors: Lobb Andrew J. , Miller Maggie , Ray Arunima
Published: October 2023

This workshop brought together experts on interrelated topics in low-dimensional topology, centred around the common theme of ‘morphisms’. Our goal was to improve community understanding of recent developments in the field and to promote new advances in the study of global properties of 4-manifolds.
A counterexample to the monotone increasing behavior of an Alt–Caffarelli–Friedman formula in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Ferrari Fausto , Forcillo Nicolò
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we provide a counterexample about the existence of an increasing monotonicity behavior of a function introduced by Ferrari and Forcillo (2020), companion of the celebrated Alt–Caffarelli–Friedman monotonicity formula, in the noncommutative framework.
Asymptotic behavior of the capacity in two-dimensional heterogeneous media
Authors: Braides Andrea , Brusca Giuseppe Cosma
Published: October 2023

We describe the asymptotic behavior of the minimal inhomogeneous two-capacity of small sets in the plane with respect to a fixed open set

\Omega

. This problem is governed by two small parameters:

\varepsilon

, the size of the inclusion (which is not restrictive to assume to be a ball), and

\delta

, the period of the inhomogeneity modeled by oscillating coefficients. We show that this capacity behaves as

C|{\log\varepsilon}|^{-1}

. The coefficient

C

is explicitly computed from the minimum of the oscillating coefficient and the determinant of the corresponding homogenized matrix, through a harmonic mean with a proportion depending on the asymptotic behavior of

|{\log\delta}|/|{\log\varepsilon}|

.
Steel, Corrosion-Resistant, Bars and Wire 18Cr - 9.0Ni (302) Solution Heat Treated, Cold Drawn and Stress Relieved 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: October 2023

This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars and wire 0.75 inch (19 mm) and under in nominal diameter or distance between parallel sides (thickness).
An assessment of the legal and policy framework for participatory forest governance in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Najnin , Alam Shawkat
Published: October 2023

A robust and well-designed legal and policy framework is vital for ensuring successful public participation in forest management and engaging local governments and communities in conservation efforts. However, despite the presence of various policies and laws aimed at protecting environmental and biological resources, Bangladesh continues to experience significant depletion of its forest resources. This can be largely attributed to inadequate implementation of forest laws, a weak institutional structure, and a bureaucratic approach to forest management.

This article undertakes an analysis of Bangladesh's policy and legal framework concerning participatory forest governance. It specifically examines the incorporation of participatory elements within the country's legal and policy framework for forest management. The assessment encompasses forest tenure, land use, and the practice of participatory forest management (PFM). Furthermore, the effectiveness of social forestry and co-management, the two primary approaches to achieving participatory forest governance in Bangladesh, is evaluated. Additionally, the article identifies the challenges hindering the successful implementation of these approaches.

The argument put forth is that despite the apparent support for participatory forest management within Bangladesh’s policy and legal framework, the actual implementation of PFM and sustainable forest management (SFM) remains ineffective. This ineffectiveness can be attributed to poor policy execution, prioritization of profit-generation over sustainable management practices, lack of coherence within the legal framework, and the centralized decision-making process regarding state-owned forests.
Between Biology and Culture. Polish Reflections on the Concept of Race in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Nowak Joanna , Wrzesińska Katarzyna
Published: October 2023

In the nineteenth century, the Polish reflection on race and derivative terms was strongly influenced by the Western thought. New achievements and terminology in the field of natural sciences were adopted. Gradually, there was a change of look at peoples, their origin and diversity. In the Enlightenment, while hierarchizing humankind, its biological variety was emphasized. The Romanticism focused on human culture and spirituality. The Positivism, in turn, based on the achievements of natural sciences, saw the basis for evaluation of human groups in biological criteria. The state of contemporary ideas and knowledge favoured the formulation of various racial theories, which also had their own political context. The analysis of Polish sources made it possible to show the specificity of the domestic view in this field. It was often critical, but also approving the division of humankind into lower and higher races. This resulted from the adoption of a Eurocentric point of view. Historiosophy, seeking factors determining a historical role of a given race, also contributed to the search for differences between the white nations of Europe.
Energy Dynamics in the Autoimmune Disorders: The Unity of Immunity
Authors:   MD, Department of Radiology, Sparrow Health System, Lansing, MI, Thorp K. E. , Thorp James A. ,   Chief of Maternal & Prenatal Medicine, ObGyn and Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Wellness Company, FL, Northrup Christiane ,   MD, Former Assistant Professor Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vermont College of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Yarmouth, ME 04096, Peters Sue E. ,   PhD, Research Fellow, Children’s Health Defense, Franklin Lakes, NJ, Thorp Elise M. ,   BS FNTP. Williamston, MI, Ealy Henry L. ,   ND, Energetic Health Institute, Cleaver Joseph ,   MD, Regenerative Medicine, Dallas, TX, McDyer Dan ,   MD, Private Practice, Ob/Gyn, Jacksonville, FL, Gourley Ronald J. ,   BS, Founder, CEO, President, TrendTek Bio Inc.
Published: October 2023

In this paper we examine the autoimmune disorders (AIDs) not from a cellular/ molecular standpoint as scientists have attempted for decades but from a dynamic energy-based perspective. Not only does this framework account for the origins of these disorders but it explains phenomena that cell-based mechanisms cannot. In addition, we examine the historical basis of 20th century immune theory and point to serious errors in the research literature that have lain unrecognized for over a century and which led to broad misconception of immune functions.
The Relationship between Maternal Characteristics and Folic Acid Intake with the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women in Percut Sei Tuan District
Authors: Mahdiah Mahdiah , Rahmadani Atika Salma
Published: October 2023

Anemia is a nutritional problem with a high prevalence. Anemia often occurs in teenagers, women of childbearing age, and pregnant women. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal characteristics and folic acid intake with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The design of this study is cross sectional. The population is all pregnant women in the second and third trimesters in three villages in the Percut Sei Tuan sub-district. The sampling in this research was porpusive sampling. Data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires and food recall tables as research instruments. Data processing through editing, entering and tabulating. Data analysis used the Chi Square test with Ci 95%. The results of the study showed that 87.8% of mothers in the good age group did not experience anemia and 12.1% of mothers in the unfavorable age group experienced anemia. 90.2% of mothers in the good parity group were not anemic and 9.8% of mothers in the poor parity group were anemic. 90.2% of mothers with good ANC group experienced anemia and 9.8% of mothers with poor ANC group did not experience anemia. 9.8% of pregnant women in the good folic acid intake group were not anemic and 48.8% of pregnant women in the not good folic acid intake group were anemic. There is a relationship between parity, ANC visits and folic acid intake in pregnant women in Percut Sei Tuan District. And there is no relationship between maternal age and the incidence of anemia in Percut Sei Tuan District.
Presternal Scrofuloderma in a HIV Infected Patient Case Report and Discussion of the Literature Data
Authors: Neacșu Alexandru Ionuț
Published: October 2023

Scrofuloderma is a cutaneous extension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (and rarely Mycobacterium bovis or Calmette-Guerin bacillus) from a local focus. It is a rare form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, starting as a painless skin cold abscess that progresses to fistulisation and ulceration. This article presents a case of presternal scrofuloderma in a non-adherent to treatment HIV-infected patient with disseminated tuberculosis.
Research of the interrelation and interdependence of Central Asian economies: impact of the economy of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abaidullayeva M. M. , Arupov A. A. , Arupova A. A. , Arupova N. R.
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the interconnection and interdependence of the economies of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan), which plays an increasingly significant role in the global economy, based on its strategic location, natural resources and growing economic potential. Studying the influence of the Central Asian economies on each other helps to understand the complex web of economic ties in the region and has practical implications for solving economic problems and stimulating sustainable development in the region. The purpose of the study is to identify and assess the degree of interconnection and interdependence between the macroeconomic indicators of the countries of the region and their impact on the economic development of Kazakhstan. The assessment is carried out by the method of correlation and regression analysis based on data on the GDP of the countries of the region. The article was prepared within the framework of the grant funding project of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan «The role of Kazakhstan in deepening regional integration of CA countries and its sustainable development goals within modern global trends» (BR18574168).
Investment attractiveness of Central Asian countries: factors and evaluation criteria
Authors: Adambekova A. A. , Appazov A. , Adambekov N. T. , Amankeldy N. A.
Published: October 2023

In the context of clear geopolitical trends, foreign investment play a significant role in the development of national economies. The work’s aim is analyzing the investment attractiveness’s level of the Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and conduct a study to increase their potential, give recommendations on the assessment methodology. The main foreign investors of them are EU countries, Turkey, China and Russia. These countries are strategic regions as continental highways of trade in the world and are main producers in Eurasia, while consuming the main raw materials of the region. When determining the investment attractiveness, the key factors were substantiated by the results of world studies and the leader among the states was identified on a factor-point scale. As part of the study, the correctness of the hypothesis about the operation of the P. Samuelson principle was tested: GDP growth can be ensured through the growth of foreign investment. The conducted correlation-regression analysis helps substantiating proposals concerning the state management of investments and shows the countries’s dependence on specific factors. The methodological justification includes identify dependencies between them, the review studies, which justify the ranking criteria. The grouping investments by segmenting domestic markets made it possible to determine directions for the development of economies, to clarify further investment research and approaches to expertise. The significance of the results of the study is determined by the possibility of further development of investment state concepts, the addition of mechanisms for increasing investment in the identified deficit areas.
Evaluation of material and technical resources of the grain cluster
Authors: Sauranova M. M. , Beisekova P. D. , Kirbetova Zh. , Bedelbekova T. N.
Published: October 2023

The object of the study is the process of functioning of enterprises of the grain products subcomplex. In the course of the study, the problem of growth rates and the peculiarities of the functioning of enterprises of the grain products subcomplex was solved. The article notes that the provision of material and technical resources plays an important role in improving the efficiency of the subcomplex of grain products. Given the importance of this branch of agriculture for the national economy, it is advisable for the state to intensify measures to support it as one of the main mechanisms for breaking negative trends characterizing the current state of agriculture. The development of a subcomplex of grain products requires its transformation, adequate to the conditions of demand for products produced in foreign and domestic markets. The fact that technical support is one of the key factors in the efficiency of agricultural, including grain, production is also indicated by the fact that in today's developed countries, the costs of maintaining, operating and updating the fleet of machinery and equipment form 40-60% of production costs.The projected level of grain production in the future should provide for a stable volume of its consumption, as well as an increase in the consumption of this valuable product for industrial processing, in particular, meeting the needs of livestock in concentrated feed, export "requests". To solve these archival tasks, it is necessary to carry out a structural reconstruction of the sown areas of grain crops in accordance with the needs of the country.
Importance of implementation of listening state policy at the regional level
Authors: Tubekova D. O. , Azretbergenova G. Zh. , Yessymkhanova Z. K.
Published: October 2023

The concept of Listening State in Kazakhstan was adopted in September 2019 in the Message of the Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan. Continuous activities are systematically organized to implement this concept. However, the feedback system between government agencies and the population, which is the main goal of this concept, has not yet been properly formed. In this regard, the main purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for improving the activities of local self-government institutions at the regional level in accordance with the concept of Listening State. Carrying out active measures for the development of local self-government, which are the main unit of society, allows us to defend the positions of public administration institutions and the interests of the population. The laws, rules and requirements adopted by the local aelf-government system are the same for all regions of the country; therefore, specific data which were obtained as an object by conducting a survey of respondents consisting of employees of local executive bodies and residents of Turkestan city. During the study, quantitative and qualitative methods were used such as 23 Gaussian Normal Distribution, Spearman Correlation, Analysis of Durbin-Watson coefficients and Regression analysis. As a result, all the methods used made it possible to draw conclusions and make decisions on the topic of the study, as well as to study and clarify common issues arising on the formation of a constructive dialogue between local self-governments and the population in the regions of the country.
Organizing of internal control of corporate sustainability of Kazakhstan commercial companies
Authors: Tekenova A. U. , Daurenbekova A. N. , Alfonz Antoni Denes
Published: October 2023

The idea of corporate sustainability has acquired the status of a recognized effective means of including corporations in the process of sustainable social development. This concept implies that corporations must set and achieve not only their business goals, but also social and environmental goals. The purpose of internal control of corporations is directly related to the purposes of their existence. The purpose of this article is to revise the generally accepted principles of internal control in organizations to include the business philosophy of corporate sustainability and consideration of stakeholders' interests. The methodological basis of the study is based on the principles of the theory of sustainable social development, consideration of stakeholders' interests and the concept of corporate sustainability. The results of the study were obtained on the basis of data analysis and synthesis. The following conclusions were made based on the analysis of corporate documents regulating internal control of organizations included in the list of the UN Global Compact in Kazakhstan: the practice of internal control of achieving social and environmental goals is already applied by corporations, but it cannot be considered systematic and comprehensive, and it is not sufficiently taken into account in internal regulations. In addition, civilizational changes and implementation of the concept of sustainable development in organizations affect the objects of internal control, such as business activities and its environment, as well as the components of the internal control process, which should be conditioned by the organization's objectives.
Information model of a geoinformation system for studying the geometry of rock massif based on seismic survey data
Authors: Burmin Leonid N. , Stepanov Ivan Yu. , Stepanov Yuri A.
Published: October 2023

This scientific article explores the development of an information model for a geospatial information system (GIS) to manage data on the geometry of rock formations using seismic exploration methods. The main objective of the research is to analyze the key data clusters, identify separate data repositories, and develop efficient tools for visualization and analysis of geospatial data. Additionally, the application of distributed databases for ensuring fault tolerance and improving system performance is discussed. The study examines the usage of tools such as ezdxf and ABViewer and their application for three-dimensional visualization of heterogeneous rock formations data.
Lived Experiences of Grade – 11 Stem Students in Mathematics Using Modular Distance Learning
Authors:   MAT – Mathematics Program, College of Graduate Studies, Samar State University, Catbalogan City 6700, Samar, Philippines, Canayong Jerom B. , Mabansag Ariel B. ,   BSED Program Chairperson, College of Education, Samar State University, Catbalogan City 6700, Samar, Philippines
Published: October 2023

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Grade – 11 STEM students in mathematics using modular distance learning. With the aim of understanding the challenges, coping strategies, support systems, emotional factors, and perceived advantages associated with this learning modality, the research design employed a phenomenological approach. Data collection involved one-on-one interviews with 12 participants, and thematic analysis was utilized to identify common themes. The findings revealed challenges in understanding complex topics, managing the modular structure, and dealing with distractions and connectivity issues. Participants adapted through self-regulated learning, utilization of online resources, and independent learning strategies. The study highlighted the importance of teacher and parental support, effective guidance, and the promotion of positive emotional experiences. The advantages identified include access to information, flexible time management, and autonomous exploration of resources. The implications of these findings would contribute to the design and implementation of educational interventions, addressing challenges, and enhancing distance learning experiences. The study concluded by offering recommendations for educators, policymakers, and researchers to optimize distance learning programs and support student success.
Error Analysis in Solving Word Problems among Grade-8 Students
Authors:   MAT – Mathematics Program, College of Graduate Studies, Samar State University, Catbalogan City 6700, Samar, Philippines, Verzosa-Quinto Eva Mae , Mabansag Ariel B. ,   BSED Program Chairperson, College of Education, Samar State University, Catbalogan City 6700, Samar, Philippines
Published: October 2023

Despite the importance of problem-solving skills in preparing students for the workforce and the emphasis on problem-solving in mathematics education, studies have shown that many students struggle with mathematics problem-solving. In the Philippines, low proficiency in mathematics and a high prevalence of errors in problem-solving have been observed, emphasizing the need for further improvement in students’ problem-solving abilities. This research investigated the errors made by eighth-grade students of Talalora National High School in solving word problems and examined their impact on reading comprehension and analytical skills. A quantitative correlational design was employed, and standardized tests were used as data-gathering instruments. The analysis involved statistical measures such as frequency counts, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistical methods, including chi-squared for dependence, to establish correlations. The results showed that most respondents were 13 years old, with the instructional level of comprehension being the dominant category. The chi-squared test indicated a significant relationship between reading comprehension levels and problem-solving errors Χ²(6, N = 20) = 26.726, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.817. The identified errors were primarily related to challenges in comprehending and evaluating the problems. The study emphasized the importance of reading comprehension and analytical skills in solving word problems and suggested that educators should focus on developing these abilities to enhance students’ problem-solving proficiency.
Proof of the Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Sukuşu Bülent
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Collatz conjecture (or 3n+1 problem) has been explored for about 86
years. In this article, we prove the Collatz conjecture. We will show that
this conjecture holds for all positive integers by applying the Collatz inverse
operation to the numbers that satisfy the rules of the Collatz conjecture. Finally, we will prove that there are no positive integers that do not satisfy this
conjecture.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 11A25, 11A51, 11B50, 11B75.
Keywords: Collatz operation, Collatz inverse operation, Collatz numbers.