bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial efficacy of Carica papaya leaf extract, probiotics, kidodent, and placebo mouthwashes in reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Rao Dhanu G , Havale Raghavendra , Sara Syeda Subia , Bemalgi Neha , Fatima Badar Omera , Kumar Anand Y
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Kidodent, Probiotics, and Carica papaya Leaf extract mouthwashes in reducing Streptococcus mutans count in 8–12 years' old school children.

Methodology:

Sixty children of age group of 8–12 years were nominated and grouped as Group A (Kidodent mouthwash), Group B (probiotics mouthwash) Group C (C. papaya leaf extract mouthwash), and Group D (distilled water placebo). Probiotics sachets (Prebact) of about 1 g were diluted in 10 ml of water and given as mouthwash. C. papaya leaf extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction using ethanol as a solvent. Participants were asked to rinse with mouthwashes for 30 s once daily for up to 15 days. Saliva samples were collected and inoculated using Salivarius Mitis and Agar Agar Type I at 38°C for 24 h and incubated, later colony-forming units per milliliter were determined by serial dilution and calculated using colony counter manually. Statistical Analysis: Data were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test using the SPSS V.20 software.

Results:

Probiotics and C. papaya leaf extract mouthwashes were equally effective as Kidodent in reducing S. mutans count in saliva.

Conclusion:

Probiotics and C. papaya leaf extract mouthwashes manifested potential efficacy in reduction of S. mutans.
Comparative evaluation of diode laser and simvastatin gel in pulpotomy of primary molars
Authors: Aripirala Madhubala , Bansal Kalpana , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Tewari Nitesh , Gupta Pooja , Logani Ajay
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pulpotomy is a vital pulp therapy performed in carious pulp exposures in teeth in which the inflamed coronal pulp is removed and medicament is placed to conserve the vital root pulps. Recently, simvastatin which is a cholesterol-lowering drug has been found to be associated with the pulp regenerative potential.

Aim:

The aim of this parallel two-arm randomized control trial was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of diode laser (DL) and simvastatin gel (SG) in pulpotomy of carious primary molars.

Methods:

Hundred primary molars (in 98 children, 65 males, 33 females with age 4–8 years) requiring pulpotomy were randomized into the DL or SG group. Pulpotomy was performed as per the standardized protocol; thereafter, all teeth were restored with resin modified glass ionomer cement followed by stainless steel crowns. Follow-up evaluations were done at 3 and 12 months using clinical and radiographic criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

At 12 months, out of 92 teeth available for clinical and radiographic evaluation by blinded evaluators, DL group showed clinical and radiographic success rates of 76.1% and 52.1%, while SG group showed 80.4% and 65.2% success rates, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the efficacy of two techniques clinically (P = 0.49) or radiographically (P = 0.30).

Conclusions:

Both SG and DL had similar efficacy for primary tooth pulpotomy, clinically and radiographically after 12 months. Considering its ease of application and low-cost, SG can be recommended as a potential pulpotomy medicament in primary molars.
Computer-based assessments in medical education and strategies to curb malpractice in online assessments: Narrative review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: May 2024

Assessments are an integral part of the medical curriculum delivery process and give a clear indication of whether students have acquired the set competencies. The purpose of the current review is to explore the scope of computer-based assessments (CBA), identify the ways for malpractice in online assessments, and the strategies to curb the incidence of such unfair practices. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 25 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include CBA and online assessments in the title alone only. CBA has found extensive scope in medical education and it is predominantly due to the fact that they enable teachers to increase the periodicity of assessments. CBAs have been linked with potential challenges, such as the mandatory presence of the Internet, technical support, and investment to establish the assessment system, training of the users, and cheating. In conclusion, many medical institutions are gradually shifting from traditional paper-based assessments to CBA. This move is expected to have some concerns, with the most important being the scope for students to adopt any malpractice during online assessments. However, the employment of standard measures and implementation of a strict protocol is bound to curb the incidence of any such malpractices and thus enables the organizers to conduct fair and transparent examinations.
A Comparative Study of Autologous Serum Therapy and Histaglobulin in Chronic Urticaria: Underutilized Modalities Revisited!
Authors: Ravi Vignesh Nambi , Gurusamy Sukanya , Danny Geo , Nagaraju Sowmya
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:

To assess and compare effectiveness of autologous serum therapy and histaglobulin in the treatment of chronic urticaria.

Materials and Methods:

All chronic urticaria patients attending skin Out Patient Department were recruited in the study after informed consent and consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) was assessed after which Autologous Serum Skin Test (ASST) was done. ASST positive patients were divided into two groups, Group A and B and were given autologous serum therapy (AST) and histaglobulin, respectively, whereas ASST negative patients were divided into Group C and Group D and were given AST and histaglobulin, respectively, once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Levocetrizine 5 mg was administered throughout the study period on an on-demand basis. Urticaria activity score (UAS) was assessed every week.

Results:

AST and histaglobulin showed considerable improvement in UAS irrespective of the ASST status. In addition, patients showed a marked reduction in the daily intake of antihistamines by the end of the study.

Conclusion:

Immunotherapies such as autologous serum therapy and histaglobulin are extremely feasible with minimal to no side effects. Our study highlights the effectiveness of both AST and histaglobulin irrespective of ASST status, and their role in improving the quality of life by reducing the intake of daily antihistamines. Thus, in spite of being underutilized, autologous serum therapy and histaglobulin should be considered as better alternatives among the armamentarium of treatment options already available for chronic urticaria.
Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and C-Reactive Protein in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Awasthi Richa , Manger Priyanka T. , Katiyar Vivek
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Hypertension is known to be one of the major causes of the global burden of many diseases. It is proving to be a critical medical and public health issue. Previous studies have drawn inconsistent conclusions about the risk of hypertension and its association with gamma-glutamyl transferase and C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation and has been postulated to increase the risk of hypertension. Gamma-glutamyl transferase catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl functional groups from molecules such as glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide, or water. This study was undertaken to evaluate gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP in essential hypertension and determine the association of these parameters with hypertension, if any.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 104 subjects (52 hypertensive cases and 52 healthy controls) between the ages of 30 and 50 were recruited after imposing certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP were estimated using commercially available kits. All the data were tested at a 5% level of significance.

Results:

Mean levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP were found to be significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension compared to controls. Elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase and CRP are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, which are in turn considered to be major factors involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our study suggests that gamma-glutamyl transferase and C-reactive protein are independently associated with hypertension.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy findings in adults with dyspepsia younger than 60 years in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Odeghe Emuobor , Oluyemi Aderemi , Oyeleke Ganiyat , Adeniyi Oluwafunmilayo , Nwude Vivian
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Recent guidelines from international gastroenterology bodies recommend that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) should not be routinely performed in patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years old as the yield for major abnormalities is low. The objectives of this study were to determine the spectrum of UGIE findings in patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years and to document the association of alarm features with UGIE findings in them.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of the UGIE records of adult patients younger than 60 years with dyspepsia at five centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between June 2016 and December 2020. UGIE findings were categorized as major (gastric or duodenal ulcers, esophageal varices, masses suspected to be cancer, strictures, and foreign bodies), minor (erosions or inflammation), or normal.

Results:

There were 1499 adult patients with dyspepsia who were younger than 60 years, 796 (53.1%) females, mean age 40.9 ± 9.8 years, and 158 (10.5%) with at least one alarm feature. Major findings were seen in 194 (12.9%), minor findings in 1023 (68.2%), and no abnormalities were seen in 282 (18.8%). Alarm features, or age 40 years and above, were associated with major findings. Half of all gastric cancers were seen in patients younger than 50 years, and of these, 70% occurred within the 40–49 age group.

Conclusion:

This study shows that the prevalence of UGIE findings in patients with dyspepsia who are younger than 60 years is high, and major findings are common in those with alarm features or who are aged 40 years and above. We recommend endoscopy for the evaluation of dyspepsia in those who have alarm features or are aged at least 40 years.
The prognostic significance of the Rockall score evaluation in patients admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Authors: Ndjitoyap Ndam Antonin Wilson , Ayissi Mete Michèle , Nsenga Djapa Guy Roger , Nga Bekolo , Chipekam Ndjifoum Moselle , Kowo Mathurin , Ankouane Andoulo Firmin
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a major emergency. The Rockall score (RS) could be a tool to predict the outcome of patients regarding their risk of re-bleeding and/or death 30 days after admission. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the RS in patients admitted for UGIB in Yaoundé (Cameroon).

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study at two emergency units inYaoundé. We included 101 patients admitted from 2020 to 2021 for a UGIB and obtained the sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical data. The outcome 30 days after the admission was assessed (re-bleeding and/or death). We calculated the RS and analyzed the association of an RS ≥ 5 with the death of the patient and/or a re-bleeding 30 days after admission.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 48.5 years, 75 of the 101 were males (74.3%). The main bleeding lesions were portal hypertension in 35 patients (34.7%), gastric ulcers in 32 patients (31.7%), and duodenal ulcers in 30 patients (29.7%). During the 30 days after the admission, we recorded re-bleeding in 21 patients (20.8%) and death in 9 patients (8.9%). The RS was ≥ 5 in 49 patients (48.5%), and this was significantly associated with the re-bleeding (RR 4.5; CI 95% 1.631–12.459; P = 0.001) and with the death (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The RS ≥ 5 is associated with a risk of re-bleeding and/or death in patients admitted for a UGIB in Yaoundé regardless of the aetiology.
Observações sobre a reutilização de ninhos em tronco de Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae) por aves na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Alto Iguaçu (Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)
Authors: Vantil Soraya Vieira , Fonseca Yuri Borba da , Guedes Patricia Gonçalves , Pereira da Silva Shirley Seixas
Published: May 2024

Relatamos observações de reutilização de ninhos em Syagrus romanzoffiana (palmeira-jerivá) por diferentes espécies de aves em Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro. Dados coletados nos anos de 2017 a 2020 mostram uma ocupação das aberturas na palmeira pelas seguintes espécies: Ramphastos toco, Melanerpes candidus, Amazona amazonica, Troglodytes musculus, Psittacara leucophthalmus e Primolius maracana. Há poucos relatos sobre a reutilização de um mesmo ninho por diferentes espécies de aves neotropicais. Através dos registros apresentados, o estudo destacou a importância de S. romanzoffiana para a reprodução de aves da Mata Atlântica, somando-se às outras espécies-chave da flora para a manutenção de fauna nativa.
New record of Ichneumonidae parasitizing the brood of Trypoxylon nitidum Smith, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)
Authors: Campos Melquisedeque Valente , Muniz David Barros , Silveira Orlando Tobias
Published: May 2024

We have recorded, for the first time, the ichneumonid Photocryptus concinnus (Brullé) parasitizing the brood of the solitary wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) nitidum Smith in a reused nest (Aculeata) in the state of Pará, Amazonia, Brazil.
Aves do estado do Tocantins, Brasil: listagem das espécies e síntese do conhecimento
Authors: Dornas Tulio , Marcelino Dianes Gomes , Dantas Sidnei De Melo , Pinheiro Renato Torres , Pacheco José Fernando , Prado Advaldo Dias , Aleixo Alexandre , Corrêa André Grassi , Buzzetti Dante , Rodello Déborah , Lopes Divino Nunes , Olmos Fábio , Crozariol Marco Aurélio , Barbosa Marcelo De Oliveira , Pascoal Wanieulli
Published: May 2024

A avifauna do estado do Tocantins foi inicialmente sumarizada a partir das coleções ornitológicas conduzidas por José Hidasi, entre as décadas de 1960 e 1990, sendo recompiladas em 2009. Após 15 anos, apresentamos uma nova listagem das espécies de aves ocorrentes no estado, considerando riqueza e composição, status migratório, perfil de endemismo, estado de conservação e aspectos biogeográficos. Ao todo, foram listadas 720 espécies, das quais 699 (97%) apresentaram evidência documental de ocorrência no Tocantins (lista primária), enquanto 21 (3%) foram avistadas e/ou ouvidas (lista secundária), representando 36,6% da avifauna reconhecida para o Brasil. Outras 72 espécies foram descartadas para o Tocantins (lista terciária). Ainda referente às 720 espécies, 48 são consideradas endemismos brasileiros, 31 são migrantes continentais neárticos e cinco, migrantes austrais, enquanto 43 estão em alguma categoria de ameaça de extinção em âmbito global ou nacional. A simpatria de aves típicas da Amazônia e do Cerrado reflete o caráter ecotonal da avifauna do estado, que ainda abriga, pontualmente, espécies típicas da Caatinga e da Mata Atlântica, e anseia pela descrição de uma presumida nova espécie do gênero Certhiaxis. Finalmente, a listagem apresentada designa-se como base inicial para elaboração de uma lista estadual de aves ameaçadas de extinção.
Carta do editor
Authors: Carvalho Filho Fernando Da Silva
Published: May 2024

Carta do editor
SAFETY OF BILASTINE IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Себекина О.В. , Малышева М.В.
Published: May 2024

Аллергический ринит (АР) является недооцененной проблемой. Распространенность и последствия АР таковы, что Всемирная организация по борьбе с аллергией назвала его «глобальной проблемой общественного здравоохранения». Это сложное заболевание, связанное с воспалительной реакцией на аллергены окружающей среды. Терапия включает обучение, оценку сенсибилизации к аллергенам, фармакологическое лечение, иммунотерапию аллергенами (АСИТ). Согласно клиническим рекомендациям, в первой линии терапии АР назначаются неседативные антигистаминные препараты, в частности биластин. Биластин является неседативным H1-антигистаминным препаратом, одобренным для симптоматического лечения пациентов с аллергическим риноконъюнктивитом. Профиль безопасности биластина в клинических исследованиях у пациентов с АР, оцениваемый по типу и частоте нежелательных явлений, был аналогичен таковому плацебо.

Allergic rhinitis is an underestimated problem. The prevalence and consequences of AR have led to its designation as a “global public health problem” by the World Allergy Organisation. It is a complex disease associated with an inflammatory response to environmental allergens. Therapy includes education, assessment of sensitisation to allergens, pharmacological treatment, and allergen immunotherapy (ASIT). According to clinical guidelines, the first line treatment for allergic rhinitis is non-sedative antihistamines, particularly bilastine. Bilastine is a non-sedating H1-antihistamine drug approved for the symptomatic treatment of patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The safety profile of bilastine in clinical trials in patients with allergic rhinitis, assessed by type and frequency of adverse events, was similar to that of placebo.
BRONCHO-OBSTRUCTIVE SYNDROME IN THE CLINIC OF INTERNAL DISEASES: DIFFICULTIES IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Демко И.В. , Собко Е.А. , Шестакова Н.А. , Ищенко О.П. , Тюменцев Н.В. , Евдокименко Э.С.
Published: May 2024

Приступообразный кашель, одышка, свистящее дыхание часто встречаются в практике врача-аллерголога и в первую очередь требуют исключения диагноза бронхиальной астмы. В качестве начального исследования для выявления и оценки степени тяжести обструкции дыхательных путей у всех пациентов с подозрением на астму рекомендуется проводить спирометрию, однако не всегда выявление положительной пробы с бронходилататором подтверждает именно этот диагноз. Несмотря на то что многие пациенты являются коморбидными, необходимо тщательно анализировать результаты обследования не только в данный момент времени, но и в динамике и всегда иметь онкологическую настороженность, особенно в отношении пожилых пациентов. Представлен клинический случай пациентки, госпитализированной в аллергологическое отделение с клиникой бронхообструктивного синдрома, который нарастал после перенесенных повторных пневмоний. Однако, согласно анализу данных мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии легких в динамике, причиной симптомов явилось новообразование легких. Представленный случай демонстрирует необходимость персонифицированного подхода к каждому пациенту с учетом того, что правильная и как можно более ранняя диагностика является основой повышения эффективности терапии и улучшения качества жизни.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BARRIER METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Authors: Терехова Е.П. , Хамитова Э.И. , Терехов Д.В.
Published: May 2024

В статье проанализирована эффективность барьерных методов терапии при аллергическом рините. Рассмотрены особенности действия микродисперсного порошка целлюлозы Назаваль® – назального спрея для местного применения в составе комплексной лекарственной терапии аллергического ринита. На основании данных ряда зарубежных и российских исследований показано, что Назаваль® уменьшает клинические симптомы сезонного и круглогодичного АР, эффективен и безопасен, а также способствует улучшению качества жизни пациентов.

The article examines the effectiveness of barrier methods in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The effects of Nasaval® – a nasal spray for topical application which contains microdispersed cellulose powder as part of a complex treatment for allergic rhinitis are being discussed. According to the data from numerous foreign and Russian studies Nasaval® reduces the clinical symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, it is effective and safe and improves the quality of life of patients.
CHECKLIST OF MARINE SPONGES OFF BIDONG ARCHIPELAGOS BASED ON COI GENE SEQUENCES
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, BAKAR KAMARIAH , JAMALUDIN NUR AMIRA ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, SAIDIN JASNIZAT ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Published: May 2024

Sponges are sessile marine animals under the phylum Porifera. Conventionally, the identification of sponges is based on two criteria: Morphology (shape, colour, surface characteristics and consistency) and macro-morphology (spicules, sponging fibres and their arrangement). This identification technique is sometimes unreliable due to the plasticity of sponges’ characteristics, which causes misidentification. We utilized universal barcode COI primers to identify sponges in this study. This study shows the results that have been collected through the study of the following methods. Out of 83 samples, only 25 sponges were successfully identified. They were from class Demospongia and were under subclass Heteroscleremorpha. The majority of the two main orders are Haplosclerida (28%) and order Tetractinellida (24%). The rest were from order Clionaida and Scopalinida (12%), Suberitida (8%), while order Axinellida, Tethyida, Poecilosclerida and Agelasida (4%). Among the identified samples, 16 were identified to species level while the rest were only identified up to genus level. A significant limitation of this study is that the sequences in the database are not well populated and have low diversity, making it challenging to conduct molecular identification. It also impacted the accuracy of the classification, making a single method of identification less reliable.
A CASE STUDY OF ORGANISATIONAL MARGINALISATION VIS-À-VIS MALAY COMMUNITY IN UNESCO GEORGE TOWN WORLD HERITAGE SITE, PENANG, MALAYSIA
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, SUHAIMI DINA MIZA , BUSTAMI MOHAMMAD REEVANY ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: May 2024

This study offers an analysis of organisations’ heritage-related Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects with reference to the multi-ethnic communities in UNESCO George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The existing analysis towards the battles to promote and conserve the UNESCO heritage enclave’s tangible and intangible heritage properties have generally revolved around local, state, and federal-level organisations, neglecting the voices of marginalised ethnic groups. The marginalised ethnic group of concern is the Malay communities. The aims to be achieved are three-fold: (i) To examine the patterns of ethnic marginalisation occurring in the ethnic composition of the organisations, (ii) to explore the patterns of ethnic marginalisation occurring in heritage-related CSR projects of the organisations, and (iii) to develop the emergent typologies stemming from the patterns of ethnic marginalisation. 22 CSR executives participated in this study. The findings indicate four typologies of organisational marginalisation with reference to the Malay community in the heritage enclave.
FACTORS AFFECTING ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURE OF LISTED FOOD MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN VIETNAM
Authors:   VinUniversity, THI HUONG LIEN NGUYEN , TRAN THUY DUONG ,   University of Economics and Business Vietnam
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the disclosure of environmental accounting information of the food manufacturing companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market. Theoretical framework including stakeholder and agency theories is used to explain the disclosure of corporate environmental accounting. Using the data collected from 100 listed food manufacturing firms in Vietnam during the period from 2019 to 2021, the six factors selected to study their influence on the environmental accounting disclosure are firm size, profitability, liquidity, financial leverage, time of listing, and reputation of the audit firm. The regression results show that the three factors including firm size, listing time, and reputation of the audit companies have positive impacts on the environmental accounting disclosure of listed firms, in which the audit firm’s reputation has the strongest influence. Based on content analysis of annual and sustainability reports, practices of environmental accounting disclosure of the chosen firms are assessed at a relatively low level, and there is a big gap between the highest and lowest disclosure levels. From the research results, several recommendations have been proposed for listed food manufacturing companies and other stakeholders to improve the level of corporate environmental accounting disclosure in Vietnam.
FAST START-UP MARINE ANAMMOX PROCESS USING INTENSIVE SHRIMP POND SOLID WASTE AS INOCULUM IN FILTER BIOREACTOR
Authors:   Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia, GUMELAR GUNO , ZAINUDDIN ELMI NURHAIDAH ,   Andalas University, ZULKARNAINI ZULKARNAINI ,   Hasanuddin University
Published: May 2024

Intensive shrimp culture waste contains high nitrogen, which can reduce water quality and environmental-carrying capacity. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a potential and economical nitrogen removal process. However, limited information is available on the application of anammox process in aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to start up an anammox process in two filter bioreactors (FtBR) based on different inoculums. Run 1 used intensive shrimp solid waste, and Run 2 used intensive shrimp solid waste and granular of fresh anammox bacteria belonging to Candidatus Brocadia fulgida. Ammonium and nitrite concentrations of 70-100 mg N L-1 each were added to filtered and sterilized seawater as synthetic wastewater and flowed to the reactor with HRT 24-hour. After 120 days, the maximum ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE), nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE), and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) for Run 1 and 2 were 82.48%, 72.58%, 0.12 kg N (m3·d)-1 and 83.06%, 63.59%, 0.10 kg N (m3·d)-1, respectively. Experiment nitrogen stoichiometric ratios of NH4+:NO2-:NO3- were 1:1.40:0.12 and 1:1.13:0.14, which were close to the stoichiometry of the anammox process. Fast start-up of anammox process was achieved using intensive shrimp solid waste as inoculum. Anammox can be a new method for developing intensive shrimp culture wastewater treatment.
THE ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF EUKARYOTIC MARINE MICROALGAE AGAINST PATHOGENS FROM CHICKEN, DOG AND AQUACULTURE
Authors:   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, SIKDER SUCHANDAN , JANNAT TURFATUL ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, SMRITY NAHIDA JAMAN ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, KARMAKAR SHARNALIKA ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, SRABONI NUSRAT ZAHAN ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, RAHMAN MOHAMMAD REDWANUR ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, MUSA NAJIAH ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, SARKAR ETI RANI ,   University of Science and Technology Chittagong, KHATOON HELENA ,   Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Published: May 2024

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging concern, leading to the search for alternative antibacterial agents. Scientists looking for potential alternatives to antibiotics see promise in the antimicrobial propensity of microalgae. We investigated the antibacterial potentials of Tetraselmis, Chlorella, and Nannochloropsis against pathogenic bacteria from chicken, dogs, and fish. We identified E. coli, Stenotrophomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Aeromonas sp. and Lysinibacillus sp. by colony characteristics, Gram staining and VITEK-2 tests. Results demonstrated that Tetraselmis was highly sensitive against Stenotrophomonas sp. (p < 0.0001) and E. coli (p < 0.001) from chicken, and Staphylococcus sp. (p < 0.01) from dogs. Moreover, Chlorella was highly sensitive against E. coli (p < 0.0001) from dogs. All the bacteria isolated from chicken were moderate to highly sensitive to Chlorella. Nannochloropsis was marginally sensitive to all the bacteria isolated from chickens and dogs. The minimum inhibitory concentration values indicate that a minimum of 10 mg/ml of Tetraselmis can suppress the growth of Aeromonas sp. from fish and Chlorella can suppress E. coli and Stenotrophomonas sp. from chicken. Results indicate that native microalgae may have an active somatic or secretory components that prevent bacterial cell division and/or induce lysis. Advanced studies should be performed to identify the active component for the development of newer and sustainable antimicrobial drugs.
THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF CHAETODONTIDAE FAMILY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LIVE CORAL COVER IN SPERMONDE ISLANDS, MAKASSAR
Authors:   Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, PUTRA RISANDI DWIRAMA , KASMAN KASMAN ,   Worldwide Fund for Nature-Indonesia, WIBOWO KUNTO ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, MAKATIPU PETRUS CHRISTIANUS ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, SIRINGORINGO RIKOH MANOGAR ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, PURNAMASARI NI WAYAN ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, ABRAR MUHAMMAD ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, MULYONO ASEP ,   National Research and Innovation Agency, ISLAM MD JAYEDUL ,   Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, AGUSTINA PRADIPTA ,   Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, YULIKA SARI TENGKU ERSTI ,   Universitas Riau
Published: May 2024

Coral fish are one of the marine biotas that are highly sensitive to changes in coral reef ecosystems. Therefore, the presence or absence of specific reef fish species can describe the condition of coral reefs. The objective of the current study is to investigate the relationship between the biodiversity and abundance of Chaetodontidae fish and the live coral cover at 13 locations in the Spermonde area, Makassar City. Reef fish were counted using the Underwater Visual Census method. Coral cover percentages were determined using the Underwater Photo transects method. The results found 348 individuals of the Chaetodontidae family, comprising 21 species from four genera. The mean live coral cover categories in Spermonde were in pretty good condition (27.83%). Chaetodontidae in Spermonde Island was not diverse (mean H = 1.74) and not abundant (mean abundant = 721 ind./ha). There was a weak correlation between the diversity of Chaetodontidae and live coral cover, and also weak correlation between the abundance of Chaetodontidae and live coral cover in Spermonde Island, with R2 determination coefficient linear regression were 0.1697 and 0.0471, respectively.
BURNOUT SYNDROME, STRESS AND MANAGERIAL DISEASE
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Philosophy, Serbia, MILENOVIĆ Miodrag , ŽIVKOVIĆ Snežana ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Occupational Safety, Serbia
Published: May 2024

The paper describes three conditions and their interrelationship - burnout syndrome, negative stress (distress) and managerial disease, which have a negative impact on both work efficiency and the psychophysical health of employees. Although the origin of the aforementioned conditions is prolonged stress, their symptomatology differs, which is important from the point of view of differential diagnosis, and for the purpose of applying adequate measures of prevention and therapy. Burnout manifests itself through three basic components: emotional exhaustion, cynicism in the context of a negative attitude towards work and clients, and significantly reduced work efficiency. These components arise from the meeting of internal, intrinsic personality factors (first of all, perfectionism and unrealistically high expectations and assessments related to oneself and one's own work) and external, extrinsic ones, which relate to the organization of work and the behavior of management staff. On the other hand, managerial disease is characteristic of certain psychological (so-called A and D) personality types who are chronically irritable, quarrelsome, nervous, prone to control, which results in eating, sleeping and, often, cardiovascular problems which, if not treated treat, can lead to severe and irreversible health outcomes. The prevalence of the described conditions requires the education of employees in order to prevent them, as well as the presence of experts, the so-called. stress-manager for preventive and therapeutic action, and together, as research shows, it has a positive psychological-health, social and even economic effect on the individual and the community as a whole.
TECHNICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENTS OF GAMMA CAMERAS IN IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION: SKELETAL SCINTIGRAPHY AND FIGURE-OF-MERIT IMAGE QUALITY CRITERION
Authors:   Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd, ANTIĆ Vojislav , BOŽOVIĆ Predrag ,   Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia - University of Belgrade, DUNĐEROVIĆ Danica ,   Univerzitetski klinički centar Srbije, Beograd, VELJKOVIĆ Miloš ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, ARTIKO Vera ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Serbia, Popovic Tea ,   Siemens Healthcare, Beograd, Serbia
Published: May 2024

The quality of medical images for nuclear medicine investigations, such as skeletal scintigraphy, has long reached a satisfactory level for appropriate diagnostics. On the other hand, reference nuclear medicine guidelines, particularly in the segment related to the optimization of administered activity, remain relatively conservative, considering technological advancements (detector improvement, electronics, ergonomics, (AI) software). Lower activities imply reduced radiation doses for patients, cumulatively benefiting the staff in terms of interaction with patients and radio-pharmaceutical handling. Additionally, it conserves radioactive material, enabling the examination of additional patients. The paper presents the optimization of administered activity based on the Figure-of-Merit (FOM) parameter. The approach involves quantifying this parameter as an assessment of image quality deemed satisfactory on the old camera. Subsequently, the study explores the potential reduction in implemented radiopharmaceutical while maintaining a similar or slightly improved FOM parameter for medical images on the new camera. The old camera used was Siemens E-cam, and the new one is Siemens Symbia S. Raw DICOM data were analyzed using Image J software. Initially, FOM was calculated for nuclear medicine images on the old camera. Then, experiments were conducted using the Jaszczak phantom on both cameras with different specific activities in spheres. Based on these investigations, a model for a 20% reduction in administered activity was assessed. In the third phase, optimization was applied in clinical conditions, and FOM for the obtained nuclear medicine images on the new camera was calculated. As a still higher FOM was determined compared to the initially satisfactory images on the old camera, after additional subjective validation by nuclear medicine experts, the presented optimization of administered activity for skeletal scintigraphy in nuclear medicine imaging on the new camera was adopted as the standard.
EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIVE FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK IN EPCG AD NIKŠIĆ
Authors:   Montenegrin Electric Enterprise AD Niksic (EPCG), Eraković Vlatko
Published: May 2024

Employee safety, protection and health in the workplace depend not only on technical facilities, equipment, top management, but also on the overall awareness of the employees about the importance of the Health and Safety at work. In Elektroprivreda Crne Gore - AD Nikšić (EPCG), in accordance with the Law on Ratification of the Convention of the International Labour Organization no. 135, on the protection and benefits provided to the workers’ representatives in the company, an Employee Representative was appointed for Health and Safety at the proposal of the relevant union organization in March 2016. For the purpose of this Convention, the term "workers' representatives" indicates persons who are recognized as such by the National laws or practice, regardless whether they are: a) union representatives, i.e. representatives appointed or elected by the union or members of those unions, or b) elected representatives, i.e. representatives chosen by the company's workers in accordance with the provisions of the national laws or regulations or collective agreements, whose functions do not include activities that are recognized as exclusive prerogative of unions in the respective country. The obligations of the Employer and the Employee Representative are specified in the Labour Law and the Law on Health and Safety at Work. The Employee Representative for Health and Safety in EPCG - AD Nikšić is obliged to prepare a report on Health and Safety in the company for the previous year by the end of the first quarter of the current year. The areas that are covered in the Report are: 1. Normative infrastructure, 2. Training of the employees for safe work performance, 3. Health examinations of the employees, 4. Injuries at work, 5. Means and equipment of collective and personal protection at work, 6. Assessment of the working environment conditions, 7. Health and Safety procedures, instructions and records in accordance with the IMS, 8. Protection and rescue, 9. Disinfection, disinsection, pest control, eradication (DDPE), 10. Inspection supervision. The report on the overall state of the Health and Safety at work is submitted in printed form to the top management of the company.
HEALTH FACILITY RECOVERY PLAN DUE TO DISASTER AND APPLICATION OF ISO 22301 STANDARD
Authors:   KBC ”Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje”, Beograd, Serbia, CRNJANSKI Vesna , VIL Kristina ,   KBC ”Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje”, Beograd, Serbia, BOGUNOVIĆ Nataša ,   KBC ”Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje”, Beograd, Serbia, JONOVIĆ Aleksandar ,   KBC ”Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje”, Beograd, Serbia
Published: May 2024

Using the tools of the World’s Health Organization, after the evaluation of the safety index of health institutions, it is necessary to create a Recovery Plan due to disasters that have been recognized and determined by the Disaster Risk Assessment. Several key, fundamental elements are recognized: A well-organized system of safety and health at work; integrative approach of four areas: fire protection, emergency situations, safety and health at work and environmental protection; acting in accordance with relevant and / or already introduced standards; application of the ISO 22301 standard; preparation of relevant procedures as well as the Recovery Plan for health institutions in case of recognized, potential and established dangers such as: earthquakes, floods, biological (epidemics, pandemics), terrorism, fires, major traffic accidents and others. The need to define efficiency in two directions of action is shown: Quick action and transition from regular work to work in emergency situations, as well as quick action and transition to regular work after emergency situations. The effectiveness of actions is based on defined procedures and plans, their implementation at all horizontal and vertical levels, good training of internal stakeholders and continuous cooperation with the emergency sector and other external stakeholders. The factor “time” is the basic element and criterion of efficiency, that is, timely action and action with the application of measures for safe and healthy work both in extraordinary and regular work activities. The application of the ISO 22301 standard and the PDCA control matrix of potential risk should provide postulates for an effective model of behavior through a SWOT analysis of the business in the given circumstances. ISO 22301 is an international standard that helps organizations establish business continuity plans to protect them and help them recover from disruptive incidents when they occur. It also helps to identify potential threats to the organization's business and define and build capacity to cope with unforeseen events.
Արտադրողականության և բիզնեսի դինամիկության փոխազդեցությունները. դրանց դրսևորումները տնտեսական աճի վրա
Authors: Սարիբեկյան Ամալյա
Published: May 2024

Ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յան շա­րու­նա­կա­կան ա­ճը կա­յուն տնտե­սա­կան ա­ճի ու հա­սա­րա­կա­կան բա­րե­կե­ցութ­յան բարձ­րաց­ման կար­ևոր նա­խա­պայ­ման է: Այս հա­մա­տեքս­տում շատ կար­ևոր են ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յան բարձ­րաց­ման գոր­ծո­նա­յին փո­խազ­դե­ցութ­յուն­նե­րի վեր հա­նումն ու խնդիր­նե­րի բա­ցա­հայ­տու­մը:
Հոդ­վա­ծում ա­ռանձ­նա­հա­տուկ քննարկ­վել է գոր­ծա­րար մի­ջա­վայ­րի և բիզ­նե­սի դի­նա­մի­կութ­յան դե­րը՝ որ­պես մրցակ­ցա­յին բիզ­նես մի­ջա­վայ­րի ա­պա­հով­ման և­ ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յան ա­ճի ա­ռանց­քա­յին գոր­ծո­նա­յին բա­ղադ­րիչ: Ըստ «Գ­լո­բալ մրցու­նա­կութ­յան» զե­կույ­ցի՝ աշ­խար­հում վեր­ջին տաս­նամ­յակ­նե­րի ըն­թաց­քում շու­կա­նե­րի կա­ռուց­ված­քը փոխ­վել է, իսկ բիզ­նե­սի դի­նա­մի­կութ­յու­նը դրսևո­րում է նվազ­ման մի­տում­ներ։ Թեև ՀՀ-ում 2018-2019 թթ. դրսևոր­վել է բիզ­նե­սի դի­նա­մի­կութ­յան ո­րո­շա­կի բա­րե­լա­վում, այ­նո­ւա­մե­նայ­նիվ այն բա­վա­կա­նին ցածր է նույ­նիսկ տա­րա­ծաշր­ջա­նա­յին երկր­նե­րի հա­մե­մատ:
ՀՀ-ում 2000 թ. սկսված աշ­խա­տան­քի ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յան ա­ճի դան­դաղ­ման մի­տում­նե­րը (ա­ճի մի­ջին տեմ­պը՝ 5․5%) 2020 թ. տնտե­սա­կան ցնցում­նե­րի հետ­ևան­քով է՛լ ա­վե­լի են խո­րա­ցել. ա­ճի մի­ջին տեմ­պը 2020 թ. 2019-ի նկատ­մամբ կազ­մել է 0.95%, իսկ 2021 թ.-ին՝ 2020 թ. նկատ­մամբ՝ մինչև 1.1%: Տն­տե­սութ­յու­նում ստեղծ­ված ա­վե­լաց­ված ար­ժե­քի բաշխ­ման ոչ արդ­յու­նա­վետ մե­խա­նիզմ­նե­րի պայ­ման­նե­րում աշ­խա­տող­նե­րին վճար­վում է հա­վա­սա­րակ­շիռ գնից ցածր աշ­խա­տա­վարձ, իսկ ապ­րանք­ներն ու ծա­ռա­յութ­յուն­նե­րը նրանք գնում են հա­վա­սա­րակ­շիռ գնից բարձր գնով։ Սա շատ մտա­հո­գիչ խնդիր է աշ­խար­հում, հատ­կա­պես զար­գա­ցող երկր­նե­րում (այդ թվում՝ Հա­յաս­տա­նում), ար­տադ­րա­կան գոր­ծոն­նե­րի մաս­նա­կից­նե­րի միջև ա­վե­լաց­ված ար­ժե­քի բաշխ­ման մե­խա­նիզ­մի աղ­ճատ­վա­ծութ­յան (ե­կա­մուտ­նե­րի ոչ հա­վա­սա­րա­չափ բաշխ­ման ա­ռու­մով) և սո­ցիա­լա­կան ա­ճող բևե­ռաց­վա­ծութ­յան ու կեն­սա­մա­կար­դա­կի անկ­ման ար­դի պայ­ման­նե­րում։ Այս­տեղ բա­ցա­ռիկ կար­ևո­րութ­յուն է ստա­նում հա­մա­խառն գոր­ծո­նա­յին ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յու­նը՝ որ­պես ար­տադ­րա­կան գոր­ծոն­նե­րի մաս­նա­կից­նե­րի միջև ա­վե­լաց­ված ար­ժե­քի բաշխ­ման արդ­յու­նա­վե­տութ­յան ցու­ցիչ:
Տն­տե­սա­կան աճ­–ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յուն փո­խազ­դե­ցութ­յուն­նե­րի խոր­քա­յին գնա­հատ­ման հա­մար կար­ևոր է ՀՆԱ-ի և­ ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յան ցու­ցա­նիշ­նե­րի՝ ՀԳԱ-ի, աշ­խա­տան­քի ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յան, ինչ­պես նաև ի­րա­կան աշ­խա­տա­վար­ձի ա­ճի տեմ­պե­րի դի­տար­կու­մը դրանց փոխ­կա­պակց­վա­ծութ­յան ներ­քո: Ն­ման մո­տե­ցու­մը հնա­րա­վո­րութ­յուն կտա կենտ­րո­նա­նա­լու ար­տադ­րո­ղա­կա­նութ­յուն - տնտե­սա­կան աճ փո­խազ­դե­ցութ­յուն­նե­րի խոր­քա­յին խնդիր­նե­րի վրա, ո­րոնց լու­ծու­մը կար­ևոր է ՀՀ տնտե­սա­կան զար­գաց­ման և հա­սա­րա­կա­կան բա­րե­կե­ցութ­յան բարձ­րաց­ման հրա­մա­յա­կա­նի ար­դի պայ­ման­նե­րում:
Փոփոխությունների կառավարման խնդիրները առևտրային բանկերում Բերկ-Լիտվինի մոդելի համատեքստում
Authors: Հակոբջանյան Աննա , Միրզոյան Նարինե
Published: May 2024

Սույն հոդ­վա­ծի նպա­տակն է ա­ռա­ջար­կել փո­փո­խութ­յուն­նե­րի ներդր­ման և կա­ռա­վար­ման հա­մա­պար­փակ մե­խա­նիզմ­ներ, ո­րոնց շնոր­հիվ լու­ծում կստա­նան ՀՀ առևտ­րա­յին բան­կե­րում առ­կա ո­րոշ խնդիր­ներ։ Ն­պա­տա­կին հաս­նե­լու հա­մար վեր­լու­ծութ­յուն­ներ են կա­տար­վել վեց առևտ­րա­յին բան­կե­րում։ Ներ­կա­յաց­վել է գոր­ծըն­թաց­նե­րի ու պրո­դուկտ­նե­րի ներդր­ման և կա­ռա­վար­ման նոր կամ փո­փոխ­վող գոր­ծըն­թա­ցը հա­ջոր­դա­կան գոր­ծո­ղութ­յուն­նե­րով, ինչ­պես նաև հիմ­նա­վոր­վել է յու­րա­քանչ­յուր գոր­ծո­ղութ­յան ի­րա­գործ­ման կա­ռու­ցա­կար­գը։ Հաշ­վի առ­նե­լով աշ­խար­հա­քա­ղա­քա­կան վեր­ջին փո­փո­խութ­յուն­նե­րի բազ­մա­գոր­ծոն ազ­դե­ցութ­յու­նը բան­կա­յին հա­մա­կար­գի վրա, ինչ­պես նաև այն, որ առևտ­րա­յին բան­կե­րը փո­փո­խութ­յուն­նե­րի ներդր­ման և կա­ռա­վար­ման ժա­մա­նակ կի­րա­ռում են Բերկ-­Լիտ­վի­նի մո­դե­լի ա­ռան­ձին տար­րեր՝ խնդի­րը նպա­տա­կա­հար­մար է դի­տար­կել ե­ռա­մա­կար­դակ, փոխ­կա­պակց­ված գոր­ծոն­նե­րի ամ­բող­ջութ­յան մեջ: Վեր­լու­ծութ­յան արդ­յունք­նե­րով հիմ­նա­վոր­վում է, որ դա արդ­յու­նա­վետ մի­ջոց է, քա­նի որ այն թույլ է տա­լիս խնդի­րը դի­տար­կել ե­ռա­մա­կար­դակ՝ տրանս­ֆոր­մա­ցիոն, տրան­զակ­ցիոն, ան­հա­տա­կան չա­փա­նիշ­նե­րով և հա­մա­կարգ­ված մո­տեց­մամբ։
ՀՀ արտաքին առևտրի վերլուծությունը ԵԱՏՄ անդամակցության շրջանակներում
Authors: Հայրապետյան Գրիգոր
Published: May 2024

Վերջին երկու տասնյամյակի ընթացքում համաշխարհային տնտեսության մեջ զգալիորեն աճել է տարածաշրջանային տնտեսական ինտեգրացիոն խմբավորումների դերակատարումը և նշանակությունը։  2015թ․ ի վեր ՀՀ-ն հանդիսանում է ԵԱՏՄ անդամ և ներկայումս արտաքին առևտրում կիրառում է ԵԱՏՄ միասնական մաքսային սակագներ։  Հոդվածում ներկայացվել են ՀՀ արտաքին առևտրի  և ՀՀ-ԵԱՏՄ արտաքին առևտրի առանձնահատկությունները։ Մասնավորապես, հիմնավորվել է, որ ԵԱՏՄ միասնական մաքսային սակագների կիրառումը կնպաստի ՀՀ տեղական արտադրության զարգացմանը, առաջ է քաշվել ԵԱՏՄ անդամ երկրների ընկերությունների միջև  կոոպերացիայի անհրաժեշտությունը, ինչպես նաև բացահայտվել է, որ դեպի ԵԱՏՄ  անդամ երկրներ ՀՀ-ն արտահանում է ավելի մեծ հավելյալ արժեք ունեցող ապրանքներ, քան մյուս երկրներ և տարածաշրջաններ։ Վերլուծության ընթացքում պարզվել է, որ չնայած բոլոր բարդություններին ՀՀ արտաքին առևտուրը ԵԱՏՄ անդամ երկրների հետ զարգանում է, իսկ ԵԱՏՄ անդամակցությունը ՀՀ տնտեսության համար երկրաժամկետ հատվածում կարող է ապահովել կայուն տնտեսական աճ։
Ցորենի արժեշղթայի կատարելագործման ուղիները Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում
Authors: Ոսկանյան Աշոտ , Մնացականյան Կարինե , Ղազարյան Մարգո
Published: May 2024

ՀՀ-ում պա­րե­նա­յին անվ­տան­գութ­յան ա­պա­հով­ման ներ­կա­յիս հա­մա­կար­գը գոր­ծում է ոչ արդ­յու­նա­վետ՝ պայ­մա­նա­վոր­ված կազ­մա­կեր­պա­կան, կա­ռա­վար­ման, տնտե­սա­կան, ֆի­նան­սա­կան և­ այլ գոր­ծոն­նե­րով: Ըստ էութ­յան հա­մա­կարգ­ված չեն գոր­ծում գյու­ղատն­տե­սա­կան ար­տադ­րան­քի գնման, վե­րամ­շակ­ման և­ ընդ­հան­րա­պես ար­ժեշղ­թա­նե­րում նե­րառ­ված են­թա­կա­ռուց­վածք­ներն ու օ­ղակ­նե­րը: Գ­յու­ղատն­տե­սա­կան ար­տադ­րան­քի ար­ժեշղ­թա­յում գյու­ղա­ցիա­կան տնտե­սութ­յուն­նե­րի դե­րի արժ­ևո­րու­մը և ս­պաս­վե­լիք ե­կա­մուտ­նե­րի մա­կար­դա­կի հա­մա­պա­տաս­խա­նե­ցումն ու կա­յու­նա­ցու­մը մնում են օ­րա­կար­գա­յին:
Հոդ­վա­ծի նպա­տակ­ներն են ՀՀ-ում ցո­րե­նի ար­ժեշղ­թա­յի վեր­լու­ծութ­յամբ՝ վեր հա­նել գյու­ղա­ցիա­կան տնտե­սութ­յուն­նե­րի տեղն ու դե­րը, հիմ­նա­վո­րել ճյու­ղա­յին քա­ղա­քա­կա­նութ­յան մի­ջո­ցա­ռում­նե­րի հա­մա­լիր մո­տե­ցում­ներ ի­րա­կա­նաց­նե­լու անհ­րա­ժեշ­տութ­յու­նը:
Հոդ­վա­ծի ու­սում­նա­սի­րութ­յան խնդիր­ներն են՝ վեր­լու­ծել ցո­րե­նի ար­տադ­րութ­յան ար­ժեշղ­թան, հիմ­նա­կան դե­րա­կա­տար­նե­րի գոր­ծու­նեութ­յու­նը, ար­ժեշղ­թա­յի ար­տադ­րութ­յան օ­ղա­կում առ­կա բա­ցե­րը և լուծ­ման ու­ղի­նե­րը:
Հե­տա­զո­տութ­յան ըն­թաց­քում օգ­տա­գործ­վել են դիա­լեկ­տի­կա­կան, գի­տա­կան աբստ­րակ­ցիա­յի, վեր­լու­ծութ­յան մե­թոդ­նե­րը: Հոդ­վա­ծի հա­մար տե­ղե­կատ­վա­կան և մե­թո­դա­բա­նա­կան հիմքն են ե­ղել հե­ռա­խո­սա­յին հար­ցա­խույ­զնե­րը, ՀՀ վի­ճա­կագ­րա­կան կո­մի­տեի տե­ղե­կագ­րերն ու հրա­պա­րա­կում­նե­րը, տար­բեր գի­տա­կան հան­դես­նե­րում հրա­տա­րակ­ված հա­մա­պա­տաս­խան նյու­թե­րը։
Հա­յաս­տա­նում հա­ցա­հա­տի­կի ար­տադ­րութ­յու­նը պետք է դի­տար­կել զար­գաց­ման ո­լոր­տա­յին գե­րա­կա­յութ­յուն­նե­րի շար­քում, ցո­րե­նի ար­տադ­րութ­յան և­ ինք­նա­բա­վութ­յան մա­կար­դա­կի բարձ­րաց­մանն ուղղ­ված քա­ղա­քա­կա­նութ­յու­նը պետք է ու­նե­նա հա­մա­կար­գա­յին և հաս­ցեա­կան բնույթ: Որ­պես հե­տա­զո­տութ­յան արդ­յունք ներ­կա­յաց­վում է ցո­րե­նի ար­տադ­րութ­յամբ զբաղ­վող գյու­ղա­ցիա­կան տնտե­սութ­յուն­նե­րի խմբա­յին դա­սա­կարգ­ման անհ­րա­ժեշ­տութ­յու­նը՝ ար­տադ­րատն­տե­սա­կան ցու­ցա­նիշ­նե­րի հա­մադր­մամբ և ցո­րե­նի ար­ժեշղ­թա­յի արդ­յու­նա­վետ գոր­ծու­նեութ­յա­նը միտ­ված կլաս­տե­րա­յին մո­տե­ցում­նե­րի կի­րա­ռ­մամբ: