bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of the perceptions of institutional environment on entrepreneurial plans: exploring the moderating effects of firm age and firm size in Bulgarian enterprises
Authors: Vladimirov Zhelyu , Davidkov Tzvetan , Yordanova Desislava
Published: May 2017

It was acknowledged that institutional environment plays important role for shaping entrepreneurial behavior in transition economies. The present study investigates the influence of entrepreneurs’ perceptions of institutional environment on their entrepreneurial plans in a large representative sample from a transition economy. The findings reveal that institutional environment has a significant influence on entrepreneurial plans and that firm age and size moderate the effect of institutional environment on entrepreneurial plans. The paper provides recommendations for future research and a discussion of practical implications.
Management of the nature conservation areas of Ukraine’s Polissya region based on the international experience
Authors: Yakymchuk Alina , Mykytyn Taras , Valyukh Andriy
Published: May 2017

In ensuring sustainable development an important role belongs to natural preservation areas with different functions and modes of preservation, where an important place is occupied by natural conservation territories and natural conservation objects that form the natural reserve fund. A system of management of natural reserve fund of Ukraine is associated with many problems and shortcomings. The authors have studied the experience of efficient management of similar institutions in other countries, such as the national natural and regional landscape parks. They have outlined prospects for the development of natural reserves in Ukraine in accordance with international standards and requirements. They have also outlined innovative tools for the protection of biodiversity. They have offered a range of measures to improve the efficiency of the system of management of natural reserves based on the best international practices (establishing standard expenses of the state budgetary financing, insurance, the use of geoinformation technologies, grant projects and programs, adaptive management, restructuring of management, improvement of the organizational structure, effective system of paid services, etc.).
O Tabelionado e seu regimento de 1305: notariado e coroa no Portugal medieval
Authors: Gonçalves Duarte
Published: May 2017

Este estudo introduz a emer-gência e consolidação do tabelionado no Portugal Medieval, debruçando-se sobre o seu primeiro regimento (1305) e abordando diversas facetas do quoti-diano desta organização. Por fim, tece algumas considerações sobre as rela-ções entre o tabelionado e a Coroa, com o primeiro servindo instrumentalmente o segundo e retirando também daí proveitos econômicos e sociais.
A ideia de virtude no final da idade média: um estudo comparativo entre o seu uso político em Florença, no século XIV, e em Portugal na segunda metade do século XV
Authors: Almeida Ana Carolina Lima , Amaral Clinio De Oliveira
Published: May 2017

Objetiva-se analisar como o conceito de virtude foi utilizado em duas regiões do Ocidente durante a baixa Idade Média. Inicialmente, analisam-se as virtudes necessárias ao bom governo presentes na produção de Giovanni Boccaccio. Em segui-da, avalia-se a sua apropriação à luz do com-texto político português da segunda metade do século XV. A discrepância entre a maneira como essa ideia foi utilizada, nos dois casos, sustenta a tese de que seria necessário aprofundar os estudos comparativos para se verificar que, mesmo dentro do conjunto da cristandade, há diferenças significativas entre as regiões, as quais, no que diz respeito à península Itálica e a Portugal, ainda não foram apropriadamente estudadas.
Four or More Cesarean Sections, is it Still Safe?
Authors: Yücel Burak , Kadiroğulları Pınar , Karahasan Onur , Aydın Turgut , Seçkin Kerem Doğa , Gedikbaşı Ali
Published: May 2017

Objective: We aimed to compare the maternal and neonatal complications in women who had undergone fourth or more cesarean section with to women who had undergone second or third cesarean section.Study Design: 162 women who had four or more cesarean section (study group) and 228 women who had undergone second or third cesarean section (control group) were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic features, obstetric, intraoperative, postpartum and neonatal complications were determined in both groups. Results: The preoperative hematocrit values were lower in study group (35.63.6) than the control group (36.64.3), (p <0.001). Patients with four or more cesarean section had an increased rate (24.7%) of intra-abdominal dense adhesions compared with the controls (14.9%), (p<0.001). Blood transfusion rate was higher in the study group (8.6% to 3.5%, p=0.043). Except these; frequencies of obstetric, intraoperative, postpartum and neonatal complications were similar between groups.Conclusion: We found that multiple CSs (four or more) do not increase the risk of maternal or neonatal complications except the rate of maternal anemia, dense adhesions and need for blood transfusion according to the results of our study. Fourth or more cesarean section appears to be still a safe procedure.
Studying Gene Expression in Whole Embryos by in situ Hybridization: A Peer-to-Peer Laboratory Guide
Authors: Kalra Aarushi ,   Di Xia
Published: May 2017

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cell to cell signaling pathways. Our goal is to provide a full laboratory guide for students to study gene expression in zebrafish embryos by in situ hybridization. Prior to our study, the laboratory had observed disorganized and shortened cilia in cells that are important for cell signaling in the pronephric duct and neural tube floor plate of the zebrafish embryo. Ciliogenesis depends on a master transcriptional regulator, foxj1a, whose mRNA expression can be monitored through in situ hybridization and microscopic imaging. Knockdown morpholino-injected, control mismatched morpholino-injected, and uninjected embryos were fixed to determine if foxj1a transcription is qualitatively affected by ECM gene knockdown. Our results showed that the knockdown embryos portrayed an inconsistent foxj1a signal strength along the length of the pronephric duct, when compared to analysis of control mismatched and wild-type uninjected embryos. We created this manuscript for other students to observe how ECM gene knockdown can affect foxj1a mRNA expression, but also to give them a guide to the tools they would need to explore their own genes of interest, in zebrafish or in many other organisms and tissues.
Techniques Used to Establish the First Person Narrator and Perspective in Double Indemnity and Murder, My Sweet
Authors: Walton Breana
Published: May 2017

Directed by Billy Wilder and Edward Dmytryk respectively, the films noir Double Indemnity (1944) and Murder, My Sweet (1944) each have a storyline that unfolds from a first person perspective as told by a narrator. The techniques used in the films establish this first person perspective through which the films are understood. Both films include voice over as a technique, which determines who the narrator is and the amount of information withheld or disclosed to the audience. Establishing the visual perspective of the narrator is portrayed through differently for each film. While, Double Indemnity utilizes camera angle, Murder, My Sweet uses camera filters and special effects. Lastly, to achieve the first person narration, the character narrating in each film must be present in every scene or give explanation of events that occur in his absence. The various techniques used in each film function cohesively to establish the narrator and achieve his perspective through which the plot is understood by the audience.
VIP-BP model for retrieving chlorophyll a concentration in the river by using remote sensing data
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Song Biyu , Wen Xiongfei , Zhao Dengzhong , Cheng Xuejun , Hu Chengfang , Xu Jian , Wang Zhaohui
Published: May 2017

Chlorophyll a (Chla) is an important indicator of phytoplankton biomass in waters, and its concentration can reflect the degree of eutrophication. This paper is aimed to develop a highly accurate and universally applicable retrieval model for the concentration of Chla in rivers using remote sensing data. Taking the middle and lower reaches of the Han River as the study area, the Chla retrieval model (VIP-BP model) is established by combining the Variable Importance Projection Index and BP neural algorithm and then calibrated by the measured data from 2012 to 2013. This model uses the VIP index for selection of the appropriate spectrum transformation form and input bands. Then, the BP neural network algorithm is integrated to estimate Chla concentration. After validation and comparison with the three-band model, the results suggest that the VIP-BP model could more accurately and really reflect the changes in Chla concentration than the three-band model in the study area. When Chla concentration decreases, the retrieval error of both models increases, while the error of the VIP-BP model is significantly lower than that of the three-band model, which indicates that the VIP-BP model is more stable and preferred.
Dylematy wokół ustawy kanonicznej (I) - ordinatio rationis czy fidei w świetle encykliki fides et ratio
Authors: GAŁKOWSKI TOMASZ
Published: May 2017

Treścią opracowania są dylematy związane z definicją ustawy zaproponowaną przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Uwaga została skoncentrowana wokół jej pierwszego elementu, jakim jest ordinatio. Przyjęcie definicji ustawy kanonicznej poznanej jako ordinatio fidei nie oznacza biernej roli rozumu w jej akceptacji, gdyż akt wiary pozostaje aktem ludzkiego rozumu, którego przedmiotem jest prawda uznana za taką mocą Boskiego autorytetu. Rola rozumu nie sprowadza się jedynie do historycznego ujmowania i kształtowania wymagań prawa Bożego. Ustawa kanoniczna, która jest jedynie ludzkim środkiem do przekazu wiary o prawnie zobowiązującym charakterze jest wyrazem tego aktu, poprzez który przyjmuje się za prawdę to, co zostało przez Boga objawione, a następnie w normy ujęte. Ordinatio fidei znajduje swoje miejsce w normie wiary (fides qua) i jej akceptacji (fides quae) a ordinatio rationis w procesie ujęcia jej za pomocą narzędzia jakim jest akt normatywny w postaci ustawy.
Emigranci w Polsce - kultura przyjęcia
Authors: NECEL WOJCIECH
Published: May 2017

The migration of population in the second decade of the twenty-rst century, in the lives of the global, as well as inter-continental and inter- national communities, is a structural phenomenon undergoing intensi- cation and it is aecting all areas of human life and the life of the Church. e Church in Poland got used to speaking about Polish emigration, the “very old” one and the “old” one, as well as the latest, which came about alongside joining the structures of the European Union and the Schengen group. A vital problem within the immigration area is the return of Polish families to Poland, at least from the British Isles and France, and, gaining dynamics from time to time, the issue of repatriation of Poles from distant Kazakhstan and the presence of Ukrainians and other Eastern nationalities on the streets of Polish cities.Mass media inform about the situation on Lampedusa island, on the Syrian-Turkish and Turkish-Iraqi borders, and the situation in the Balkans and Hungary. e crisis plunged Greece cannot manage to solve the prob- lems of the coming people. Pope Francis sympathized with the European immigrants, lamented that so many of them deceased on the way to the European continent. e politicians discussed how to divide the coming groups of refugees among the countries. With the foregoing outline, at the turn of 2014-2015, the Republic of Poland along with the rest of European Union, is faced with the necessity to develop a common immigration policy, and the Church, in agreement with the Erga migrantes instruction, should elaborate the specics of the ministry towards the immigrants.
Akty zarządzania dobrami doczesnymi
Authors: ŚWITO LUCJAN
Published: May 2017

The Code of Canon Law (Corpus Iuris Canonici, CIC), in its version enacted by Pope John Paul II, employs diverse terminology when refer- ring to acts of administration of goods. Can. 1277 of CIC refers to “acts of administration which are more important” and “acts of extraordinary administration”, while the provision of 1281 §1 and §2 of CIC points out the dierence between “acts of ordinary administration” and “acts which exceed the limit and manner of ordinary administration”. Although the terminology adopted in the Code of Canon Law clearly marks the dierence, it does not dene these terms and does not provide any list of these acts. Scholars do not provide much opinion in this matter either, leaving the issue for consideration by particular legislation and legal practice. However, the exact denition of dierences between the above-mentioned acts of admi- nistration is of great practical importance for the validity of acts related to the administration of ecclesiastical property. e article presented herein, based on an analysis of Can. 1277 and Can. 1281 §1, and §2 of CIC, indicates the existing dierences in terminology, and underlines the urgent need to develop a list of extraordinary acts of administration of ecclesiastical goods to ensure the stability of this kind of legal action, and draws attention to the criteria by which acts of extraordinary administration should be formulated.
Wskazania dla duszpasterstwa Polaków poza granicami Polski
Authors: NECEL WOJCIECH
Published: May 2017

Wytyczne Konferencji Episkopatu Polski dotyczące Duszpasterstwa Emigracji Polskiej są dokumentem, zatwierdzony  podczas 369 Zebrania Plenarnego Konferencji , które odbyło się w Warszawie w dniach 9-10.06. 2015 roku. Konieczność wypracowania Wytycznych była dostrzegana przez środowiska polskiej emigracji od  dłuższego czasu. Duszpasterze bezpośrednio  posługujący Polakom na obczyźnie,  wspólnie z Polską Radą Duszpasterstwa w Europie Zachodniej pod kierownictwem Delegata Komisji Episkopatu Polski ds. Duszpasterstwa Emigracyjnego, podjęli starania o  opracowanie  ogólnych wskazań dotyczących duszpasterstwa polskojęzycznego. Inicjatorzy i  pracujące komisje  uznały, że dokument winien dotyczyć wszystkich środowisk polonijnych oraz ich duszpasterzy.  Z założenia Wytyczne  dokument są  skierowany  do    księży, diecezjalnych i zakonnych, siostry i braci zakonnych, którzy służą dobru chuchowemu Polaków na obczyźnie oraz do tych, którzy   włączają się  w swoich środowiskach w troskę o dobro  polskich emigrantów.
Current Concepts in Pediatric Cervical Spine Trauma
Authors: Shah Kunal , Tikoo Agnivesh , Kothari Manish K. , Nene Abhay
Published: May 2017

Background:

Pediatric spinal trauma is rare and challenging entity. Although cervical spine is commonly affected, it is often missed on routine imaging investigations. Therefore better understanding of growing spine and its patho-physiology is crucial.

Methods:

Articles related to pediatric cervical trauma were searched on Pubmed and other online research data banks. We have summarized unique anatomy of pediatric spine, investigations followed by common injury patterns, their diagnostic challenges and management.

Results:

Immature spine follows typical injury patterns, so thorough knowledge of its presentation should be known. Primary physicians should be able to perform initial assessment based on clinical examination and investigations for early diagnosis. High index of suspicion and strategic approach leads to early diagnosis and prevents further morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion:

Spinal injuries in children are rare and typical. They are often missed and can have fatal consequences. Thorough understanding of pediatric anatomy and injury patterns helps in early diagnosis.
Pediatric ACL Injuries: A Review of Current Concepts
Authors: Trivedi Vikas , Mishra Panna , Verma Deepankar
Published: May 2017

Background:

The number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries reported in skeletally immature athletes has increased over the past 2 decades. The reasons for this increased rate include the growing number of children and adolescents participating in competitive sports vigorous sports training at an earlier age and greater rate of diagnosis because of increased awareness and greater use of advanced medical imaging. There is a growing need for a consensus and evidence based approach for management of these injuries to frame a dedicated age specific treatment strategy.

Methods:

This article does a systematic evidence based literature review of management of Pediatric ACL injuries seen in several forms: tibial eminence avulsion fractures partial ACL tears and full thickness ligament tears and its outcome analysis.

Results:

The mechanism of Safe and effective surgical techniques for children and adolescents with ACL injuries continues to evolve. The numerous age matched techniques are extensively discussed. Neuromuscular training can reduce the risk of ACL injury in adolescent girls.

Conclusion:

This review outlines the current state of knowledge on diagnosis treatment and prevention of ACL injuries in children and adolescents and helps in guiding the treatment through a dedicated algorithm.
Building Information Modeling: Quality of life
Authors: Takim Roshana , Harris Mohd , Nawawi Abdul Hadi
Published: May 2017

The adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) constitutes a paradigm shift in the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. Broader BIM adoption will transform construction processes to achieve greater efficiency to improve the quality of life (QOL) of construction stakeholders. This paper seeks to identify determinant factors and implementation gaps of BIM in the AEC industry.Â  A case study was conducted through a preliminary workshop organised by CIDB among the five potential stakeholders from Malaysian public and private. Finally, the workshop suggested an â€˜affordable BIM concept' with â€˜pay-per-use or periodical license' method to be adopted for SMEs contractors.
Restriction on Malay Traditional Food Practices
Authors: Md. Sharif Mohd Shazali , Mohd Zahari Mohd Salehuddin , Md Nor Norazmir , Muhammad Rosmaliza
Published: May 2017

This study attempted to recognize factors restrict young generations to practice Malay traditional festive foods. The study employs the observation method to tap into the actual food preparation process of the Malay festive celebration. Limited knowledge and skills of Malay traditional food and lack of family support the factors that identified to restrict young generation to practice Malay traditional festive foods.
Towards Enriching Quality of Life in School Environments: An analysis of educational policy in India
Authors: Khan Smita
Published: May 2017

This paper critically examines the objectives of policy manifest in NCF-2005 for its directions and attitude towards school design. It identifies grey areas in understanding of the concept by policy makers. The paper advocates remedying policy-based lacunae for an improved QoL by an extended appreciation of the concepts stated in NCF 2005 from the point of view of child centricity. The study strongly recommends inclusion of architects and planners in the policy-making process.
Barriers of Occupation-based Intervention
Authors: Che Daud Ahmad Zamir , Judd Jenni , Yau Matthew , Barnett Fiona
Published: May 2017

A Delphi study with three rounds of inquiry was conducted to identify the barriers of implementing Occupation-based Intervention (OBI) in Malaysia. Fifteen occupational therapy practitioners and educators consented and completed all the Delphi rounds. The first Delphi round began with an open-ended questionnaire asking the participants a broad question on barriers for applying OBI into clinical practice. Data was qualitatively analysed to develop statements about the barriers of applying OBI were grouped under five categories. In the second and third round, the participants were asked to rank their agreement with the statements about the barriers in applying OBI. Twenty-seven statements finally achieved the consensus level.
Children Activities in Public Housing
Authors: Hanapi Nurul Liyana , Sh Ahmad Sabarinah
Published: May 2017

When living in a high-density public housing, children, and physical activities might be an issue as the physical environment may inhibit their outdoor activities. The objective of this paper is to focus on the impact of the physical environment in public housing which affects the children's physical activity inhibitive. The method employed is mainly through a literature review of published article and journal. There is four distinguished physical characteristic that highlighted in this paper. Poor safety, crowding, limited facilities and poor neighbourhood relationship prove to contribute less physical activities to the children.
Family Decision Making on Cultural Heritage
Authors: Soerjoatmodjo Gita Widya Laksmini , Kaihatu Veronica Anastasia Melany
Published: May 2017

AkhirPekan@MuseumNasional or Weekend at Museum Nasional is a Sunday family 15-20-minute theatre program organized by a museum consultancy, @Museum, in collaboration with Teater Koma for Indonesia's National Museum.  As a follow-up research, it zooms in on the decision-making process which leads to family participation in this cultural heritage appreciation program. Semi-structured interviews in this preliminary qualitative research to families attending the program show that aspiration, prior experience and the roles of mothers contributes to the process. It is hoped that this writing would provide feedbacks to other similar initiatives which promote the appreciation of cultural heritage.
Fast Food Consumption and Obesity
Authors: Abdullah Nik Nairan , Mohamad Mokhtar Mazlin , Abu Bakar Mohd Harriszamani , Al-Kubaisy Waqar
Published: May 2017

This cross-sectional study investigated the pattern (frequency and characteristics) of fast food consumption and its relationship with obesity. A total of 1173 Malaysian adults were interviewed based on a structural questionnaire. Fast food consumption was higher among young Malays and significantly associated with age, ethnicity, number of children in the household. The prevalence of respondents who consumed fast food at least once a week was 17%.Estimated 21.3% of respondents were obese. However, obesity was not associated with frequenting fast food restaurants. Because of the high prevalence of fast food consumption, there is a great need to educate further the community in making healthier food choices
Penatalaksanaan perdarahan saluran cerna bagian atas dengan nutrisi enteral dini terhadap kadar albumin
Authors: Faridah Virgianti Nur , Farida Farida
Published: May 2017

Background: Patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding generally were decreased nutritional status that hypoalbuminemia because of increased albumin excretion from hemorrhage and patients fasted indefinitely until the bleeding stops. Enteral nutrition in patients with bleeding should be given to prevent malnutrition and reduce mortality.Objective: To identify the differences in levels of albumin serum in the early enteral nutrition without waiting for the results of gastric lavage is clear (without fasting) and after 2-3 times the clear gastric lavage (fasted).Method: The study used pre-experimental research design by static group comparison design. The study was conducted in RS Aisyiyah Bojonegoro in March to June 2015. The sample was 30 patients divided into 2 groups by Random Allocation, there was the treatment group I that fasted (15 patients), and treatment group II without fasted (15 patients). Analysis of data using Wilcoxon test Signed Ranks Test.Results: The research found that there were differences in the provision of early enteral nutrition to albumin. Results showed that albumin level in patients who fasted lower than that without fasted. Results Statistics by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test with a 0.05 significance level values obtained 0,046, its means that H1 was accepted.Conclusion: Patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be given early enteral nutrition without waiting for the results gastric lavage clear rinse.
Pemberian minuman kombinasi maltodekstrin dan vitamin C terhadap mood negatif dan VO2 maks atlet sepak bola
Authors: Afriani Yuni , Hadjam Noor Rochman , Farmawati Arta
Published: May 2017

Background: Stress during the match can influence the change of mood and performance of athletes. Physical exercise can improve the ability of physiologically and psychologically, but lead to fatigue, dehydration and hypoglycemia. Maltodextrin has a lower osmolarity to improve emotional and performance. Vitamin C as a cofactor of neurotransmitters can support the performance of athletes.Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a combination drinks of maltodextrin and vitamin C on mood and the correlation with VO2 max of football athletes.Method: This research is a quasi experimental with same subject design. The subjects were 14 University state of Yogyakarta football athlete. Subjects received a drink of 15% maltodextrin and 250 mg of vitamin C in 300 ml given 30 minutes before and 5 minutes after the performance test using yo-yo intermittent test continued by physical exercise. Measurement of mood would be done in 3 times; before cardiorespiratory test, 5 minutes after physical exercise, and 15 minutes after drink.Results: There are significant changes after consuming a combination of maltodextrin and vitamin C on the confusion (p<0.05), while components of anger, fatigue, depression, tension and vigor (p>0.05). There are significant changes after consuming plain water on fatigue and tension (p<0.05), while anger, confusion, depression, and vigor (p>0.05). There are no significant differences in every components of mood between two treatments. There is a correlation between anger and confusion with cardiorespiratory after consuming a combination of maltodextrin and vitamin C.Conclusion: Maltodextrin and vitamin C has the potential effect to improve the mood condition and have a correlation with VO2 Max improvement in football athletes.
Tekanan untuk makan dengan kejadian picky eater pada anak usia 2-3 tahun
Authors: Cerdasari Carissa , Helmyati Siti , Julia Madarina
Published: May 2017

Background: Picky eater is potentially at risk for nutritional deficits. In a long term, this habit could affect child’s growth and could lead to malnutritionObjective: This study was conducted to assess the association of maternal food variation, infant feeding practices, and pressure to eat with picky eating behaviors in 2-3 years old children.Method: In this cross-sectional study, mothers (n=141) of children aged 2-3 years old were recruited from 26 integrated health care centers in Gamping, Indonesia between Juni-September 2015 using a cluster random sampling method. Picky eater was calculated using Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Maternal food variation and early age feeding variability data were measured using food variation questionnaire. Data on the pressure to eat were obtained based on subscale pressure to eat in Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the association between maternal food variation, infant feeding practices, and pressure to eat with picky eating behavior.Results: Picky eater was significantly associated with mother pressure to eat (p<0,05). There were tendencies of shorter exclusive breastfeeding practice, later in the introduction of solid food, and fewer variability of food at an early age on picky eater, however, there was no significant association (p>0,05).Conclusion: Mother has a major role in forming children eating behavior. Not pressing children to eat, will protect children from picky eating.
Longitudinal Associations among Renal Urea Clearance–Corrected Normalized Protein Catabolic Rate, Serum Albumin, and Mortality in Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Eriguchi Rieko , Obi Yoshitsugu , Streja Elani , Tortorici Amanda R. , Rhee Connie M. , Soohoo Melissa , Kim Taehee , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar
Published: May 2017

Background and objectives

There are inconsistent reports on the association of dietary protein intake with serum albumin and outcomes among patients on hemodialysis. Using a new normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) variable accounting for residual renal urea clearance, we hypothesized that higher baseline nPCR and rise in nPCR would be associated with higher serum albumin and better survival among incident hemodialysis patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Among 36,757 incident hemodialysis patients in a large United States dialysis organization, we examined baseline and change in renal urea clearance–corrected nPCR as a protein intake surrogate and modeled their associations with serum albumin and mortality over 5 years (1/2007–12/2011).

Results

Median nPCRs with and without accounting for renal urea clearance at baseline were 0.94 and 0.78 g/kg per day, respectively (median within-patient difference, 0.14 [interquartile range, 0.07–0.23] g/kg per day). During a median follow-up period of 1.4 years, 8481 deaths were observed. Baseline renal urea clearance–corrected nPCR was associated with higher serum albumin and lower mortality in the fully adjusted model (P
trend<0.001). Among 13,895 patients with available data, greater rise in renal urea clearance–corrected nPCR during the first 6 months was also associated with attaining high serum albumin (≥3.8 g/dl) and lower mortality (P
trend<0.001); compared with the reference group (a change of 0.1–0.2 g/kg per day), odds and hazard ratios were 0.53 (95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.63) and 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.54), respectively, among patients with a change of <−0.2 g/kg per day and 1.62 (95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 1.96) and 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.90), respectively, among those with a change of ≥0.5 g/kg per day. Within a given category of nPCR without accounting for renal urea clearance, higher levels of renal urea clearance–corrected nPCR consistently showed lower mortality risk.

Conclusions

Among incident hemodialysis patients, higher dietary protein intake represented by nPCR and its changes over time appear to be associated with increased serum albumin levels and greater survival. nPCR may be underestimated when not accounting for renal urea clearance. Compared with the conventional nPCR, renal urea clearance–corrected nPCR may be a better marker of mortality.
“Queering” #BlackLivesMatter: Unpredictable Intimacies and Political Affects
Authors: Dernikos Bessie P.
Published: May 2017

#BlackLivesMatter (#BLM) has garnered considerable attention in recent years with its commitment to honor all black lives, yet the affective dimensions of this global cause remain largely under- theorized. Within this piece, I explore how #BLM, as a larger sociopolitical movement, works to collectively bind strangers together by transmitting affects that produce a sense of immediacy, intimacy, and belonging. I argue that these affective intensities incite an ‘unpredictable intimacy’ that closely connects strangers to black bodies and intensifies the forces of race, gender, and hetero/ sexuality in ways that—counter to the movement’s purpose— violate the bodies of queer/black women, in particular, via the processes of replication and erasure. I conclude by proposing that, while #BLM aims to empower black lives and build a collective, we remember the political possibilities that affect and queer theories have to offer in order to attend to, and potentially disrupt, the violence that such collectives bring.
Vanhempien parisuhteeseensa toivoma tuki lapsen kuoleman jälkeen
Authors: Manninen Sirpa , Kaunonen Marja , Aho Anna Liisa
Published: May 2017

Lapsen kuoleman tiedetään vaikuttavan vanhempien parisuhteeseen. Kuitenkaan vanhempientoiveita parisuhteen tukemiseen liittyen lapsen kuoleman jälkeen ei ole tutkittu. Tämä tutkimus onosa laajempaa tutkimusta, jossa selvitettiin lapsen kuoleman vaikutuksia esimerkiksi vanhempienparisuhteeseen. Tämän osatutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata vanhempien parisuhteeseensatoivomaa tukea lapsen kuoleman jälkeisessä elämäntilanteessa. Vastaajina tässä tutkimuksessaolivat vanhemmat (n=236), joilla oli omakohtainen kokemus lapsen kuolemasta. Tutkimusaineistokerättiin surujärjestöjen verkkosivujen kautta sähköisellä lomakkeella ja analysoitiin käyttäeninduktiivista sisällönanalyysia. Lapsen kuoleman kokeneet vanhemmat toivoivat parisuhteeseensatukea pariskuntana elämässä eteenpäin menemiseen. Tuki pariskuntana elämässä eteenpäinmenemiseen muodostui toiveesta saada huomioivaan kanssakäymiseen perustuvaa tukea,kokemuksen jakamiseen perustuvaa tukea, pariskunnan arkea helpottavaa tukea, ammattilaistenantamaa tukea ja parisuhdetta lujittavaa tukea. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella voidaantodeta, että lapsen kuoleman jälkeen tukea parisuhteeseen saadaan vähemmän, kuin toivotaan.Vanhempien toivoma tuki sisältää aineettoman, mutta myös hyvin konkreettisen tuen saamisensekä läheisiltä, että ammattilaisilta.
Lääkäri-potilas -suhteen harjoittelua – lääkäriopiskelijoiden tulkinnat potilastapauksesta koulutuksen eri vaiheissa
Authors: Sundström Mari , Silvennoinen Heikki , Kääpä Pekka , Vainio Olli
Published: May 2017

Tässä laadullisessa pitkittäistutkimuksessa analysoidaan, miten lääkäriopiskelijat rakentavatlääkäri-potilas suhdetta ja tulkitsevat samaa potilastapausta koulutuksen eri vaiheissa. Tutkimuson osa LeMEx (Learning Medical Expertise) -tutkimusprojektia, jonka aineisto kerättiin vuosina2006–2012. Tutkimuksessa seurattiin samoja lääkäriopiskelijoita koko heidän koulutuksensa ajan.Tutkimusaineisto muodostui vuonna 2006 opintonsa aloittaneiden lääkäriopiskelijoiden(N = 137) kirjallisista vastauksista. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeella, jossa opiskelijaapyydettiin pohtimaan potilastapauskuvausta. Vastaukset analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysilla.Koulutuksen myötä lääkäriopiskelijoiden vuorovaikutustaidot ammatillistuvat ja suhtautumistapapotilaaseen ja omaiseen muuttuu laadultaan. Koulutuksen lopussa lääkäriopiskelijoidenempaattisuus vähenee ja omaista kohtaan välittyy eniten negatiivisia ilmauksia. Vastaavasti tuolloinlääkäriopiskelijat osaavat huolehtia yhteistyön jatkosta ja pyrkivät pääsemään yhteisymmärrykseenpotilaan kanssa.
Energy Eficiency and Renewable Energy Solution in Telecommunication
Authors: Dr Borislav Odadzic  , Boban Panajotovic  , Dr Milan Jankovic
Published: May 2017

The basic requirements for telecommunication power systems are related to their safety, long life and uninterruptible power (voltage). Power system based on renewable energy, design for power feeding of telecommunication equipment has to fulfill same requirements. The subjects of this paper are ICT impact on environment, energy efficiency and power system based on renewable energy requirements, design, calculation and sizing of its major part: photovoltaic cell, wind turbine, diesel generators and storage battery and “intelligent” control with focus on weather condition and battery status in this kind of system and benefits as: fuel consumption and CO2 emission reduction and logistic cost decreasing.
Voltage Magnitude State Estimation By ANNs with Reduction of PMUs
Authors: M. Gholami  , G. B. Gharehpetian  , B. Fahimi  , M. J. Sanjari
Published: May 2017

In this paper, the relationship between the number of installed PMUs and the accuracy of the monitoring system has been studied. In the best case, all buses are observable. In this paper, it is assumed that the economical saving or failure of PMUs can result in unobservable buses. In this case, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been used to estimate the voltage of unobservable buses. The proposed method has been applied to IEEE 14-Bus system. Based on single contingencies analysis, it is shown that in small scale networks, such as IEEE 14-Bus system, the ANN can estimate the unobservable buses with neglectable error.
Comparative Study of NPC and Cascaded Converters Topologies
Authors: Mamadou Baldé  , Mamadou Lamine Doumbia  , Ahmed Chériti  , Chellali Benachaiba
Published: May 2017

Multilevel converters have many advantages which are the capacity to generate a very good quality of waveforms, the reduced switching frequency, the low energy loss and the low effort on power devices. They are used in different power electronic applications including statics synchronous compensators (STATCOM). This paper presents a comparative study of Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and H-bridge cascaded converters. A theoretical analysis of NPC and cascaded multilevel is presented. The generalized study for N levels converters topologies is derived. The theoretical study is validated using computer simulation in Matlab/Simulink/SimpowerSystems environment. Output voltage and total harmonic distortion are compared.
Utilization of synthetically generated hourly wind speed data in the optimization of Wind-Batteries stand-alone systems.
Authors: Rodolfo Dufo-López  , José L. Bernal-Agustín  , Juan Lujano  , José Antonio Domínguez-Navarro
Published: May 2017

This paper shows a study of the influence of the type of wind data in the optimization of Wind-Batteries standalone systems. We have considered two types of input data for the wind speed: 1) measured wind speed hourly data for a whole year and 2) monthly average wind speed data. When using the second type of data, we generate synthetically the hourly wind speed data of the year, and we force a certain number of consecutive days of “calmness” (in this case wind speed lower than 3 m/s) in the month of most time of calmness (generally December or January in Zaragoza). The results show that, using monthly average wind speed data, if the number of consecutive days of forced calmness is adequate, the optimal system found by the optimization tool is the same as the one obtained using the measured wind speed hourly data. Thus, the method of generating wind speed hourly data synthetically is validated to be used in the optimization of Wind-Hybrid systems.
Simulation and Modeling of Systems in Engineering Education for the Sustainability. The Renewable Energy Case
Authors: Edmundo Guerra  , Yolanda Bolea  , Antoni Grau
Published: May 2017

In this paper we discuss about the use of computer simulations for sustainable systems. We propose laboratory practices for those subjects taught in the Engineering degrees that use systems or plants in their laboratories. The proposal is to use renewable energy systems for those laboratories. The interest in simulation of this kind of systems is focused to forecast their behavior in order to control and actuate over them wasting the less natural resources as possible. In this paper, the use of a didactic material for laboratory practices is explained. This pedagogical resource is published in a web platform (http://model.upc.edu) where the student can find laboratory practices, the instructor explanations and the software to develop new dynamical models. We have the strong belief that undergraduate students must receive an Education for the Sustainability independently of their career together and transversally with the basic and specifically concepts of the own subject.
Global Prospective Electricity Systems Generation to the year 2025
Authors: J. Molina  , J. Pérez  , E. Muela
Published: May 2017

This article presents a prospective study on the power systems and its primary energy sources in the world until 2025. The implementation of strategic planning was made by tools such as SWOT and SPACE matrices. The methods used in the prospective study were MACTOR and SMIC, which allowed prospective analysis of systems of electricity generation by 2025. For the development of the study was required to consult relevant information from the last 30 years in the energy aspect of the different regions of the world, as well as research on technological development in electricity generation. This article can be a valuable tool in the planning of energy resources as it addresses the experiences of other countries
Wind potential evaluation in the Canary Islands using GIS
Authors: Julieta Schallenberg-Rodríguez  , Jesús Notario del Pino
Published: May 2017

The Canary Islands (Spain) are highly dependent on external energy sources. For 2015, the Canarian Energy Plan establishes that 30% of the electricity demand will be covered by renewable energy sources, mainly wind and solar (the goal for wind energy is 1025 MW). Therefore, it is crucial to determine the wind potential for each island as a first step for the energy planning. Within this work, a novel methodology based on GIS (Geographical Information System) for the determination of the wind potential is proposed. As a first step, the available land for wind exploitation per island is determined. For this purpose several territorial constrains are taken into account (natural reserves, inhabited areas, roads, etc.). Another type of constrain is the wind velocity (minimum wind speed for wind exploitation purposes). Once all these constraints have been applied, each island’s map shows the available land for wind production. At this stage wind farms are located in these areas. Finally the wind energy production per wind farm is calculated. For this, the annual energy yield is calculated as a function of the Weibull distribution.
Power Quality in Renewable Energy Systems  Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jian Sun
Published: May 2017

Power quality in traditional power systems is concerned with voltage problems caused by abnormal operation or nonlinear load behavior. The integration of renewable energy into the power grid introduces new power quality problems. In addition to the intermittency of renewable production, which leads to more frequent voltage fluctuation, and the switching in the power electronics interfaces, which injects high-frequency harmonics into the system, harmonic resonance and other dynamics power quality problems become more prevalent due to the complex and fast dynamics and control of power electronics interfaces. This paper reviews the sources of harmonic resonance involving renewable energy and presents a systematic method to identify and characterize such dynamic power quality problems. A distributed generation test-bed is also presented as an experimental platform for the study of system harmonic resonance and other control-related power quality and stability problems. Measurement results involving single-phase solar and three-phase wind inverters are presented to validate the analysis method and to demonstrate possible mitigation techniques. The need for advanced autonomous control that enhances system stability and mitigates system harmonic resonance are discussed. Issues related to electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by renewable energy sources and the need to develop EMI compliance requirements for such sources are also discussed.
Performance Analysis of Multilevel Inverters Using Variable Switching Frequency Carrier Based PWM Techniques
Authors: Subhransu Sekhar Dash  , P.Palanivel  , S.Premalatha
Published: May 2017

In this paper, various pulse width modulation techniques are proposed, which can minimize total harmonic distortion and enhance the output voltages in five-level inverters. Multilevel inverters are important for power electronics applications, such as flexible AC transmission systems, renewable energy sources, uninterruptible power supplies and active power filters. Two methodologies adopting phase disposition and phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation concepts are proposed in this paper. These methodologies are divided into two techniques: sinusoidal pulse width modulation which minimizes total harmonic distortion and sinusoidal pulse width modulation with zero sequence signal which enhances the output voltage. FPGA has been chosen to implement the pulse width modulation due its fast prototyping, simple hardware and software design. The simulation and experimental results are presented.
Experimental study of thermal and vibrational behaviour of an induction motor
Authors: D. García García  , F. T. Oliveira  , G. Peláez  , M.P. Donsión
Published: May 2017

Induction machines are the most common option to generate rotary motor in industry, and at present the use of variable speed drives with these machines is spreading in an unprecedented way. This has mostly to do with the advantages provided by these devices, such as added versatility and, in most cases, improved overall efficiency. Because variable speed drives provide a modified wave form, non-sinusoidal, several power quality issues and some effects can be observed. This paper focus particularly on the thermal and vibrational effects, and forms part of a broader study on the effects of the power supply on the behaviour of dynamic rotary loads.
Computational Simulation versus Scale Model to determine the Optimal Shape of Tension Structures for the use of Sunlight in Road Tunnels
Authors: L.M. Gil-Martín  , A. Peña-García  , R. Escribano  , A. Espín-Estrella
Published: May 2017

Placement of semi-transparent tension structures in the portal gate of road tunnels to shift their threshold zone and use sunlight, has been proved to be an interesting procedure to save electrical energy. However, in order to obtain the maximum performance, the shape of the structure has to be established for each tunnel, depending on its geographic location, orientation and surroundings. In previous works, computational methods and a scale model have been used to determine the optimal shape of these structures without expensive and time costing trials. In this work, comparison of the results is presented and it shows that the virtual modeling combined with the previously derived ESTS equation can be used to choose of the most convenient structure.
Development of a Monte Carlo simulation tool in order to minimize polluting gases emissions in presence of wind power under cost and load covering constraints
Authors: F. Vallée  , C. Versèle  , J. Lobry  , F. Moiny
Published: May 2017

In this paper, an original non sequential Monte Carlo simulation tool is developed. This tool permits to compute the optimal dispatch of classical (coal, oil,…) thermal generation in order to minimize polluting gases (NOx , CO2 ,…) emissions in presence of wind power and under constraints like the maximal generation cost or the ability of the electrical system to cover the load. In comparison with existing analytical tools based on restrictive hypotheses when it comes to wind power modelling (generally represented by a single entirely correlated global wind park), unexpected outages of conventional parks or fluctuating representation of the load, the use of Monte Carlo simulation allows to remove all those limitations. Indeed, thanks to the developed tool, the optimal dispatch of classical thermal generation can be reached under several load conditions. Well-known reliability indices can also be computed and moreover, following the wind speed sampling that is used, entirely correlated, independent or more accurate correlation level between wind parks can be considered. Finally, it is thought that the proposed solution can be a useful tool for electrical system operators in order to dispatch the polluting thermal units under cost, reliability, emissions, fluctuating wind power and unexpected outages constraints.
Wind building design
Authors: M. Martínez Melgarejo  , A. Pulido  , J. Romero  , N. Angulo  , C. Roca
Published: May 2017

The Canary Islands are one of the best places in Spain in wind resource, but with a limited land area 7529 km2, a high rate of population (2,103.992 people in January 2009), a high degree of protected land 42.2% of the territory, very deep waters, and a huge dependence on foreign petroleum for 99% of energy consumed. We have to look for urban wind energy as an opportunity to extract energy without occupying valuable and scarce land, using own resource and diversifying the energy basket. We will study different existing buildings designs and will make our own proposals in order to assess, for which we will use specific software