bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast detection of uric acid in urine for early diagnosis using THz polarised waves
Authors: Mazaheri Zahra , Federico Giorgia , Koral Can , Papari Gian Paolo , Ullatil Lakshmi , Russo Paolo , Andreone Antonello
Published: December 2024

Towards new and improved techniques in liquid biopsy for diagnosis of diseases, this study reports experimental evidence of a rapid and reliable method based on terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopic ellipsometry (TDSE) for early diagnosis of kidney-related diseases, by detecting uric acid (UA) in urine. By measuring absorption and dispersion spectra of urine samples, the potential of THz-TDSE for non-invasive, accurate detection of UA as a urinary biomarker is investigated. Employing a custom-built THz-TDSE system, we analysed the absorption response of synthetic urine samples with varying concentrations of UA. The technique provides prompt indication of UA presence and concentration, thanks to the sensitivity of THz waves to intermolecular interaction such as hydrogen bonding. The results show in the frequency window 0.2¸1.2 THz a linear correlation between UA concentration and changes in the absorption spectra of urine, with the minimum detectable UA concentration being approximately close to the upper limit of normal UA levels in urine. The increase of the absorption coefficient as a function of the UA concentration provides a means for a quantifiable measure of the UA biomarker in urine for assessing disease stage. The study confirms that THz-TDSE is capable of detecting UA at concentrations relevant for early-stage diagnosis of renal diseases. Moreover, we estimate a sensitivity of 0.2 g/L in the region where the material response is linear.
Novel Biomarkers for Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: yifan sun , Ding Meng , Sun Jiyuan , Zhang Qing , Cao Wenming , Chen Wei , Wang Xinping , Diao Wenli , Guo Hongqian
Published: December 2024

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is related to poor prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA). To explore novel signature genes associated with LN metastasis in BLCA, we identified 17 signature genes with non-zero coefficients to construct the prognostic model, which demonstrated a prognostic accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.706 at 1 year, 0.701 at 3 years, and 0.688 at 5 years. FKBP10 and EPN2, two of the above signature genes, exhibited significant upregulation in BLCA with LN metastasis, thereby contributing to the unfavorable survival of BLCA patients. Moreover, by utilizing the CIBERSORT algorithm and immunofluorescence assay, we identified and validated a significant upregulation of M0 macrophages, alongside a downregulation of activated NK cells and CD8+ T cells, which were associated with the presence of LN metastasis in BLCA. Conclusively, These results will provide new insights for future improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation for BLCA patients with LN metastasis.
Strengthening evidence syntheses with adolescent involvement: an umbrella review
Authors: Warraitch Azza , Sulowska Matylda , Wacker Ciara , Lee Maria , Bruce Delali , Hernon Joshua , Khraisha Qusai , Hadfield Kristin
Published: December 2024

Background
Stakeholder involvement in evidence syntheses has been shown to enhance the quality and relevance of reviews. Despite the critical role adolescents can play in shaping their health outcomes, they remain underrepresented in contributing to reviews on topics that directly affect them. To fully unlock the potential of evidence syntheses for adolescent health, it is crucial to understand how adolescents can contribute at various stages of the review process and how their involvement can influence outcomes.
Methods
To achieve this, we conducted an umbrella review examining adolescent involvement in reviews related to adolescent health research, complemented by a case study that highlights how adolescents were engaged at various stages of this review. We ran a search across 11 databases, screened reference lists and twelve journals, and consulted experts in youth involvement.
Results
We found only 10 reviews which meaningfully involved adolescents. In those reviews, adolescents were engaged at almost every stage of the review process, with most involvement centred around interpreting findings or co-authoring the final reports. While adolescent participation was often consultative, there were examples of more collaborative involvement using a wide range of methods, even at technical stages like study selection and data analysis.
Conclusion
The findings highlighted the potential for adolescents’ input to improve the quality and outcomes of evidence syntheses by grounding the process and findings in their experiences and insights. To maximise the impact of adolescent involvement, we call for engagement of adolescents throughout the review process and the adoption of frameworks to ensure transparency and consistency in reporting.
Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO (CRD42021287467)
Biometric and physiological responses of Virola Surinamensis to cadmium and biochar in amazonian soil
Authors: Braga Dayse Gonzaga , Ferreira Raphael Leone da Cruz , Silva Camylle Barbosa da , Cabral Joyce Adriany da Costa , Alves Anne Cristina Barbosa , Brito Ana Ecídia de Araújo , Nascimento Vitor Resende do , de Souza Luma Castro , Neto Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira
Published: December 2024

Objective of this study was to assess the mitigating effects of biochar derived from açaí seeds on the biometric and physiological responses of Virola surinamensis plants grown in soil contaminated with cadmium. Experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment, utilizing V. surinamensis seedlings grown in soils contaminated with varying concentrations of Cd (0, 10, 20, and 30 mg L− 1) and different biochar proportions (0%, 5%, and 10%). Statistical analysis was performed using the F-test, and when significant, the Tukey test was applied. At a Cd concentration of 10 mg L− 1, the number of leaves was greater in the absence of biochar application; however, this did not significantly differ from the treatment containing 5% biochar. In terms of the chlorophyll an index, the application of 5% biochar was the most effective in maintaining the chlorophyll content in the presence of Cd. Furthermore, for plants exposed to 10 and 20 mg L− 1 of Cd, the inclusion of 5% biochar mitigated the toxic effects of the metal, leading to increased rates of photosynthesis. Plants treated with 20 mg L− 1 of Cd also presented higher transpiration rates with 5% biochar application. For intercellular CO2 concentrations, soils contaminated with 10 mg L− 1 of Cd demonstrated an increase in carbon concentration when treated with biochar. Thus, the addition of 5% biochar was effective in attenuating the toxic effects of cadmium on biometric parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and transpiration rates in V. surinamensis plants, suggesting its potential as a mitigation strategy for cadmium-contaminated soils.
Exploring Vacuum Erection Device User Feedback: A GPT-4 Thematic Analysis
Authors: Breyer Benjamin , Patel Hiren , Abbasi Behzad , Li Kevin , Carlisle Marvin , Faris Anna , Pace William
Published: December 2024

Vacuum erection devices (VEDs) are commonly recommended by urologists to treat erectile dysfunction. We explored consumer views on VED use through a qualitative analysis of 1,500 Amazon.com reviews for 21 of the most popular VED products. Reviews were analyzed using GPT-4, identifying common themes and subthemes. Electric and manual VEDs were compared, and a multivariable ordinal regression was built to identify factors linked to higher product ratings. The most common themes were efficacy (1,375/1,500, 92%) and user experience (82%). Electric VEDs compared to manual devices had more frequently mentions of ease of use (46% vs. 34%) and better design features (26% vs. 17%). A 5/5 rating was linked to fewer mentions of deficiencies, malfunctions, warnings, and desired changes compared to 1/5 rating. Each 1 USD increase was linked to an average 0.10-point drop in ratings (95% CI: -0.12 to -0.08). Compared to non-electric, non-sex toy products, those with electric features and additional sex toy functions had average rating increases of 0.72 points (95% CI: 0.44 to 1.00) and 0.40 points (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.67), respectively. Amazon reviews generally show positive sentiment towards VEDs, with electric models favored for ease of use, though patient education is essential for safe use.
The influence of total intravenous anesthesia on perioperative fatigue in patients undergoing stent implantation for cerebrovascular stenosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Bai Yang , Wu Youxuan , Wu Bei , Liu Haiyang , Han Ruquan
Published: December 2024

Objective: To explore the influence of total intravenous anesthesia on the occurrence of perioperative fatigue in patients with cerebrovascular stenosis who undergo elective stent implantation on an elective basis.
Methods: Patients who underwent elective stent implantation for cerebrovascular stenosis in the Neuro-interventional Center of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were continuously included from November 2021 to March 2022. Demographic information, peripheral blood biomarkers, scale information, and information related to surgical anesthesia of the patients during the perioperative period were collected.
Results: One day after the operation, more patients in the general anesthesia group were diagnosed with perioperative fatigue (14 (70%) vs. 4 (20%), P = 0.001) than in the local anesthesia group, and the severity was higher (7.0 ± 3.8 vs. 4.5 ± 2.9, P = 0.025). The proportion of patients with perioperative fatigue who received total intravenous anesthesia was higher than that in the non-fatigue group (6 (27.3) vs. 14 (77.8), P = 0.001), the decrease in norepinephrine levels was greater (0.05 (-0.03, 0.13) vs. -0.10 (-0.17, -0.04), P = 0.001), the decrease in serotonin levels was more obvious (-0.07 (-0.23, 0.22) vs. -0.19 (-0.30, -0.11), P = 0.035), while there was no significant statistical difference in dopamine levels. The levels of changed monoamine neurotransmitters one day and seven days after the operation were negatively correlated with the score of the Fatigue-14 Scale.
Conclusion: The incidence of perioperative fatigue is relatively high. Total intravenous general anesthesia may increase the occurrence of perioperative fatigue. In addition, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine, may be related to the occurrence of perioperative fatigue.
Study on the prediction of AMH levels in women of reproductive age based on multiple linear regression analysis
Authors: Si Xing , He Xuewei
Published: December 2024

Objective
To construct a predictive model for AMH levels in women of reproductive age using multiple linear regression analysis.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted involving 492 patients who underwent ovarian reserve function tests at Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into a training set (n = 420) and a validation set (n = 72). All subjects underwent transvaginal 3D ultrasound to measure AFC, OV, PSV, and RI. Additionally, fasting venous blood samples were collected on days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle for AMH level testing. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between age, AFC, OV, PSV, RI values, and AMH. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to construct both a unified regression model and a subgroup regression model for prediction. Model performance was evaluated by comparing RMSE and MAE.
Results
AMH showed a negative correlation with age and positive correlations with OV, AFC, and PSV. The RMSE and MAE of the subgroup regression prediction model were lower than those of the unified regression prediction model.
Conclusion
The subgroup regression AMH prediction model developed through multiple linear regression analysis performs well and can provide accurate individualized predictions.
Simulated learning interventions to improve communication and practice with deaf and hard of hearing patients: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Terry Julia , Wilks Rachel , Davies Joanne
Published: December 2024

Virtual and simulated patients are increasingly used in health professional education as learning about patient needs in a safe space greatly benefits student knowledge and skills and increases their empathy towards patients. Yet to date there has been limited focus on using simulated learning techniques in health professional education to promote learning about D/deaf and hard of hearing patients. We used systematic review methodology to search, identify, appraise and abstract relevant articles across CINAHL, MEDLINE, ASSIA and Proquest Central, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases yielding a total of 1112 papers. After removing duplicates, inclusion criteria were defined and applied, resulting in 132 articles retrieved for full-text review. Six articles met all inclusion criteria, addressing simulated learning methods for health professional students that provide educational opportunities about Deaf patient experiences. Findings suggest that a myriad of possible simulation modalities can be developed that include opportunities to learn about the D/deaf patient experience and to consider learning about communication and application of knowledge to a specific topic environment. This qualitative synthesis provides insight into potential methods and styles of delivery, whilst noting a very small number of studies in this area. Future research should focus on rigorous and longitudinal studies to understand more about student learning and how interventions impact on their communication and encounters with D/deaf patients.
Relationship Between Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature: Example of Eski̇şehi̇r City Center
Authors: Koca Seda , Menteşe Serpil
Published: December 2024

The increase in residential areas in line with the needs of the increasing population and dense urban settlement affect many physical and human elements, especially the urban climate. Especially the materials used in urban spaces and on the land, the quality and quantity of the buildings, and the settlement structure that is not suitable for natural environmental conditions cause differences in land surface temperatures. In this study, it is targeted to evaluate the effect of change in land cover on land surface temperatures in the city center of Eskişehir province. For this purpose, the years 1990 and 2018 were considered, and summer and winter data of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images were used. It was concluded that from 1990 to 2018, agricultural lands decreased in area, places with agricultural land were replaced by settlement texture, and especially industrial and commercial units grew in area. This change in land cover has affected the amplitude of land surface temperatures. It was determined that the amplitude of land surface temperatures increased in the study area in both summer and winter. While high land surface temperatures in winter are detected outside the urban settlement boundaries, especially in agricultural lands, in summer they are detected in the city, especially on open and bare surfaces. It is thought that the seasonal humidity of the land, the presence of products in agricultural lands and the heating-cooling characteristics of the materials used in the city are effective on this situation.
Authentication of Apple Juices Using Digital Image Processing (DIP) Combined with Machine Learning (ML)
Authors: KACZALA SUELEM , DE LIMA VANDERLEI APARECIDO , FELSNER MARIA LURDES
Published: December 2024

Apple juice is widely consumed and appreciated worldwide for its sensory and nutritional qualities. It is traditionally marketed in clarified form, though recently, cloudy juices have gained consumer preference due to their retention of health-promoting compounds. Consequently, developing analytical methods that enable rapid, non-destructive authentication and quality control of apple juice is essential. In this study, data extracted from smartphone-captured images were used to build models for classifying apple juices into whole juice (WJ) and nectar/reconstituted juice (NERJ), as well as to predict the percentage of apple juice added in the formulation of beverages within these categories. Classification models created using kNN and XGBoost algorithms effectively categorized NERJ (91%) and WJ (87%) samples, respectively, demonstrating both models' applicability in authenticating apple juice. Additionally, predictive models to determine the apple juice content (%) in each category, developed using XGBoost and CatBoost algorithms, performed excellently, achieving accuracies above 96.2%. These analytical methods proved to be more environmentally friendly, non-destructive, cost-effective, and faster than traditional methods for quality control and authentication of apple juice, highlighting their great potential for use in industrial and inspection settings, especially due to their automation capabilities. Furthermore, they could become essential tools for quality control to prevent fraud and adulteration in apple juice products.
Assessing the prevalence of expired medications in hospital wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital(QECH), Malawi from July 2023 to June 2024.
Authors: Kathewera Bernard Sindani , Tembo Cecilia , Lodzani Silvia , Ndaferankhande John
Published: December 2024

Background
Proper management of medication expiry is essential for ensuring patient safety, operational efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in healthcare facilities. Even with strict inventory monitoring, expired medications can still present serious risks if not properly handled.
Objectives
The goal of this study was to quantitatively examine the occurrence of expired medications in different departments of Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) between July 2023 and June 2024. Specifically, we quantified the prevalence of expired medications across the wards, identified the most common medications and wards where expirations occurred.
Method
We looked back at medication records and also the storage rooms to find out which medications had expired within the time frame of the study. Information collected included the names of the drugs, where they came from, how many were on hand, and when they had expired. The analysis included statistical methods to determine how often medications expired, average quantities of expired medications, and patterns in which medications expired
Results
Over the duration of the research: Instances of Expired Medications: 34 cases of expired medication were observed in various wards at QECH. The most common expired drugs: The medication that most frequently expired was Diazepam, with 26 vials expiring in multiple occurrences. Glucose came next, with 4 instances of expiration involving 4 vials. The largest quantity of expired medications was Phenytoin tablets, with 19,000 tablets expiring in April 2024.Wards with Highest Frequencies: The Paeds Special Care (PSC) ward had the highest number of expired medications, with 16 cases. The Mercy James ward(MJC) had 6 instances. Average Quantity per Expiration: It was found that tablets accounted for 98.9%, vials for 0.73%, ampoules for 0.09%, and suppositories for 0.28%.
Conclusion
The study found that there were a significant number of expired medications at QECH, especially in the PSC ward and MJC wards. This highlights the importance of improving inventory management and monitoring to address the risks related to expired medications.
Distinct Immune Landscape and Gene Expression Profiles in Breast Cancer: Young vs. Non-Young Patients
Authors: Zhu Zijun , Gao Chen , Li Yongxin , Liang Xiao , Ye Zhancai , Tao Xinlong , Ye Yinyin , Tian Yaming , Bai Xiaorong , Zhao Jiuda
Published: December 2024

Background Breast cancer remains a prevalent malignancy worldwide, particularly affecting younger women more aggressively. Significant differences in clinical and biological characteristics exist between breast cancer with young patients (BCY) and breast cancer with non-young patients (BCNY). However, the role of the immune microenvironment in these differences is not fully understood.Methods Data from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) database were analyzed to compare tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and gene expression between BCY and BCNY. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the relative abundance of 22 immune cell types, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R.Results The BCY group had a higher prevalence of M0 macrophages and activated dendritic cells, while the BCNY group exhibited greater infiltration of CD4 memory T cells, M2 macrophages, and neutrophils. Differential gene expression analysis identified 11 significantly expressed genes between the groups, with genes such as FDCSP and GABRP upregulated in the BCY group. GSEA revealed that pro-inflammatory pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, were enriched in the BCY group, while pathways related to metabolism and extracellular matrix interactions were enriched in the BCNY group. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high expression of certain genes, such as NAT1, CA12, and SRARP, was associated with better relapse-free survival.Conclusion BCY exhibit a distinct immune landscape characterized by higher levels of pro-inflammatory immune cells and pathways, contributing to a more aggressive disease profile.
Actinomycetes Strain Selection From Maize Rhizosphere With Antagonistic Potential Against Fungal Phytopathogen
Authors: Oyedoh Oghoye Priscilla , Ayangbenro Ayansina Segun , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti
Published: December 2024

Fungal infestation in maize reduces productivity by 80%, with leaf blight disease causing about 60% reduction in grain yield. Numerous studies have shown the efficacy of synthetic chemicals in reducing the disease severity in agro-systems, which was efficient but with several negative impacts. Hence, there is an urgency to search for a more sustainable alternative with similar or better efficiency. This study was conceptualized to select a strain with in vitro antagonistic activity against leaf blight causative fungi and predict the secondary metabolites produced through the culture-dependent method and whole genome sequencing approach. Maize pathogens, Bipolaris sp., Fusarium equiseti, and Phoma sp., were obtained from symptomatic leaves and known to cause leaf blight diseases in maize crops, and antagonized by Streptomyces sp. OP7. The OP7 strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of maize crop and its cell-free supernatant extract showed antifungal activity against phytopathogens tested. The complete whole genome data of Streptomyces sp. OP7 revealed the presence of 16 biosynthetic gene clusters similar to metabolites with antifungal functional annotations implicating Streptomyces sp. OP7’s capacity to produce valuable agroactive compounds.
Machine learning algorithms prediction of methyl orange removal by Fenton oxidation process
Authors: OUAZENE Naima , Harrar Khaled , Gharbi Amine , Zahi Salah eddine , Mokrane Said , Mokrane Hind
Published: December 2024

The Fenton oxidation process (Fe2+/H2O2) was applied formethyl orange (MO) removal under different operating conditions. The treatment efficiency was monitored by Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis. The Fenton process effectively mitigates the damaging impacts of MO on ecosystems by regulating and reducing dye levels. The aim of this study is the prediction of MO Fenton oxidation using four different models of machine learning: Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree (DT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The four models were developed using42 experimental data.Experimental work showed that 99% of the COD was removed. The evaluation of these models' accuracy and predictive capacity for COD removal of MO was made using statistical metrics; correlation coefficient R2 and Residual Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). All the used models gave a strong correlation with R2 greater than 0.91 but Predicting the efficacy of COD removal showedthatthe Gaussian Process Regression model was the most effective with the highest correlation coefficient (R2=0.97). The study of the relative importance of the different input characteristics showed that the reaction time is the most important characteristic. The results of this work could have a major impact on water treatment and therefore, on the possibilities for water reuse, which is crucial, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones.
VSIG2 as a novel immunosuppressive ligand interacts with Nectin-2 to regulate T cell responses
Authors: Su Min , Wang Xianbin , Hu Rong , Chen Kezhu , He Keke , Li Yuandi , Gao Jie , Tian Yishen , Du Guangshi , Wang Zuli , Zhao Youbo , He Zhixu
Published: December 2024

The B7 family of immune checkpoints, particularly PD-L1 and PD-1, has revolutionized immunotherapy; however, identifying novel immune checkpoint molecules remains essential. In this study, we discovered that VSIG2 functions as an immunosuppressive ligand, with high expression levels in activated antigen-presenting cells. Notably, VSIG2 does not bind to known co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, CD28, BTLA, CTLA-4, ICOS, and VISTA. Previous research suggests that VSIG2 may play a role as a receptor involved in T cell development. Our findings demonstrate that VSIG2 significantly inhibits T cell activation and proliferation, as it specifically binds to Nectin-2 on activated T cells, thereby modulating T cell responses. Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we found that the hVSIG2-Ig fusion protein markedly suppresses T cell activation and proliferation in both human and mouse systems, alleviating autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conversely, knockdown of VSIG2 exacerbated IBD while slowing pancreatic cancer progression, underscoring its dual therapeutic potential. Nectin-2 has been previously identified as a ligand that can function as either a co-stimulator or co-inhibitor of T cell activity. Our study confirms that Nectin-2 is highly expressed on activated T cells and interacts with VSIG2. Furthermore, we elucidate that VSIG2 inhibits the p-STAT1/IRF1/GBP2 signaling pathway through its interaction with Nectin-2 on CD4 + T cells, thus suppressing T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion. These findings underscore the pivotal role of VSIG2 in T cell regulation and its potential as a therapeutic target for both autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Engineered extracellular vesicles with sequential cell recruitment and osteogenic functions to effectively promote senescent bone repair
Authors: Qi Lei , Wang Jing , Yan Jinge , Jiang Weidong , Ge Weiwen , Fang Xin , Wang Xudong , Shen Steve GF , Liu Lu , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2024

Senescent mandibular bone repair pose a formidable challenge without an entirely satisfactory strategy. Endogenous cell recruitment and osteogenic differentiation are two sequential stages for bone regeneration, and the disorder in these two processes is a significant obstacle for senescent bone repair. To tackle these problems, engineered extracellular vesicles (EV) with sequential stem cell recruitment and osteogenic functions were developed. This study demonstrated that Apt19s engineered extracellular vesicles (Apt19s-EV) recognize and recruit O-BMSCs specifically and effectively. MiR-376b-5p screen by RNA sequencing and transfection, was significantly decreased in senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (O-BMSCs), which was selected to construct miR-376b-5p engineered extracellular vesicles (miR-376b-5p-EV). miR-376b-5p-EV could promote osteogenesis and alleviate senescence of O-BMSCs by targeting Camsap1. To combine the advantages of Apt19s and miR-376b-5p, dual engineered extracellular vesicles (Apt-376b-EV) comprising Apt19s and miR-376b-5p modification simultaneously was constructed. To further validate its function, Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel was used as a carrier to construct Apt-376b-EV@GelMA delivery system. The in vitro results have demonstrated that Apt-376b-EV@GelMA could recruit O-BMSCs, alleviate senescence and promote osteogenic differentiation sequentially. Notably, the in vivo study also observed that Apt-376b-EV@GelMA sequentially recruit endogenous stem cells homing and enhance new bone formation in senescent bone fracture and critical-sized defect models. In summary, the dual engineered extracellular vesicles, Apt-376b-EV, offers an appealing solution for recruiting endogenous stem cells and promoting bone repair sequentially in senescent microenvironment, which may broader clinical applications of engineered EV and provide valuable strategies for senescent bone-related diseases in the future clinical work.
Cell-type-specific requirement for TYK2 in murine immune cells under steady state and challenged conditions
Authors: Müller Mathias , Karjalainen Anzhelika , Witalisz-Siepracka Agnieszka , Prchal-Murphy Michaela , Martin David , Sternberg Felix , Krunic Milica , Dolezal Marlies , Fortelny Nikolaus , Farlik Matthias , Macho-Maschler Sabine , Lassnig Caroline , Meissl Katrin , Amenitsch Lena , Lederer Therese , Pohl Elena , Gotthardt Dagmar , Bock Christoph , Decker Thomas , Strobl Birgit
Published: December 2024

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) deficiency and loss or inhibition of kinase activity in men and mice leads to similar immune compromised phenotypes, predominantly through impairment of interferon (IFN) and interleukin 12 family responses. Here we relate the transcriptome changes to phenotypical changes observed in TYK2-deficient (Tyk2-/-) and TYK2 kinase-inactive (Tyk2K923E) mice in naïve splenic immune cells and upon ex vivoIFN treatment or in vivo tumor transplant infiltration. The TYK2 activities under homeostatic and both challenged conditions are highly cell-type-specific with respect to quantity and quality of transcriptionally dependent genes. The major impact of loss of TYK2 protein or kinase activity in splenic homeostatic macrophages, NK and CD8+ T cells and tumor-derived cytolytic cells is on IFN responses. While reportedly TYK2 deficiency leads to partial impairment of IFN-I responses, we identified cell-type-specific IFN-I-repressed gene sets completely dependent on TYK2 kinase activity. Reported kinase-inactive functions of TYK2 relate to signaling crosstalk, metabolic functions and cell differentiation or maturation. None of these phenotypes relates to respective enriched gene sets in the TYK2 kinase-inactive cell types. Nonetheless, the scaffolding functions of TYK2 are capable to change transcriptional activities at single gene levels and chromatin accessibility at promoter-distal regions upon cytokine treatment most prominently in CD8+ T cells. The cell-type-specific transcriptomic and epigenetic effects of TYK2 shed new light on the biology of this JAK family member and are relevant for current and future treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with TYK2 inhibitors.
Hydroxycitric acid inhibits ferroptosis and ameliorates benign prostatic hyperplasia by upregulating the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Yang Dayong , Zhai Chengxi , Ren Junyu , Bai Jinran , Tang Yongjie , Li Tao , Yang Dali , Zhao Changyuan , Tong Fachun
Published: December 2024

Ferroptosis is an important pathological process in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that can exacerbate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), an active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Garcinia cambogia, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and preclinical studies have confirmed its anti-obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of HCA on propionate testosterone-induced BPH and found that HCA treatment significantly reduced ferroptosis in the prostate. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Nrf2 is crucial for HCA-induced upregulation of GPX4, which mitigates ferroptosis by reducing iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Overall, these findings provide insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of BPH.
Enhanced security framework for 6g communication network based on dual key extraction-based NOMA technique with two- tier encryption and optimized ant fly optimizer (AFO) keys
Authors: Almalki Sultan Ahmed , Alkhorem Azan Hamad , Alghamdi Tami Abdulrahman
Published: December 2024

This research introduces a pioneering framework for securing communication networks for 6G communication network, through the utilization of a Dual Key Extraction (DKE)-based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technique. With the advent of the 6G networks that are anticipated to provide ultra-fast data transfer, connect numerous devices, and have minimum latency, there are formidable security challenges such as increased espionage activities and hacking. The core of this approach involves the generation of two keys, where the first key is intricately linked to channel randomness, and the second key is derived based on distance considerations. Among the generated keys, the optimal keys utilized for data encryption is selected dynamically based on the new Ant Fly Optimizer (AFO) approach. In addition, the encryption is performed using the new two- tier security model that encapsulates the Two-fish encryption (TFE) and the new Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH). In addition, the error correction within the encrypted data is accomplished via Galois approach. In addition during the transmission stage, the integration of non-binary Raptor codes for handling packet loss and errors in the data channels, while the Galois Field-Based Error Correction is applied for ensuring mathematical consistency and error resilience in cryptographic encoding.. These elements collectively contribute to fortifying the security of communication channels against potential eavesdropping threats. The proposed system establishes a secure communication channel between the Base Station (BS) and end-users, minimizing the risk of unauthorized access. To address potential errors, such as bit flipping, a critical bit reconciliation technique, namely Raptor codes, is integrated dense 6G environments. The implementation of secured 6G model is performed using the MATLAB platform. The proposed model achieved the key mismatch rate of 0.0001% for SNR value of 30dB, which is lower than the existing techniques.
Porphyromonas gingivalis aggravates alcohol-related liver injury via gut microbiome-HO1-ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis
Authors: Feng Xuezhe , Wang Yue , Zhu Cheng , Huai Qian , Cui Juanjuan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common liver disease caused by long-term alcohol consumption, the specific molecular mechanism of which is still unclear. It may be influenced to some extent by ferroptosis and P.g, which is an important pathogen of periodontitis.
MARERIALS AND METHODS:
C57BL/6 mice and AML12 cells were selected as study subjects. The periodontitis model was induced by P.g and the alcoholic liver model was created. Pathological analysis was performed on liver, intestine and periodontal, and 16S rRNA was to analyze changes in intestinal flora and intestinal gap junction protein (ZO1, Occludin) levels in each group. Ferroptosis indices were detected in the liver tissues and AML12.
RESULTS
Oral exposure to P.g can induce mice periodontitis and exacerbate alcohol-related liver injury. Both alcohol and P.g can cause intestinal flora disturbance, damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier, increased permeability and activation of mouse hepatocyte ferroptosis, and P.g can aggravate such alcohol-induced liver damage.
CONCLUSION
Both alcohol and P.g can cause intestinal flora disturbance, damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier, increased permeability and activation of mouse hepatocyte ferroptosis, and P.g can aggravate such alcohol-induced liver damage. ACSL4 and HO-1 play the important role in exacerbation of alcoholic liver injury by P.g.
Sexual Behaviors and Self-reported Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Male and Female Youths in Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola David Aduragbemi , Alawode Oluwatobi Abel , Opara Chioma Veronica , Ajayi Anthony Idowu
Published: December 2024

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a global public health issue and are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, with current literature indicating that risky sexual behaviors are major risk factors. Studies have shown that STIs are more common among young people engaging in risky sexual behaviors. We examined the associations between sexual behaviors and self-reported STIs, including the role of marital status, among male and female Nigerian youths (aged 15–29).
Methods
We pooled and analyzed data from the 2008, 2013, and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS). The secondary data were collected using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique across the states in Nigeria. We categorized sexual behaviors (in the last twelve months) into six groups ranging from abstinence to non-condom use and sexual infidelity, and measured STI status through self-reporting. We performed chi-square tests of associations and multivariable logistic regressions to examine the relationships between sexual behaviors and self-reported STIs among married and never-married youths.
Results
The findings of this study revealed that the associations between sexual behaviors and self-reported STIs depended on sex and marital status. Among never-married women, those who did not use condoms and who were engaged in sexual infidelity were four times more likely to report an STI (OR = 4.88; 95% CI = 2.84–8.37) compared to those who practiced abstinence. Among married women, the odds of self-reporting of STI were seven times higher for those who used condoms but engaged in sexual infidelity (OR = 7.60; 95% CI = 2.06–28.09). For never-married men, those who used condoms but engaged in sexual infidelity were five times more likely to report STIs (OR = 5.54; 95% CI = 2.87–10.68) than those who practiced abstinence. For married men, sexual behaviors were not significantly associated with self-report of STI.
Conclusion
This study showed that sexual behaviors were associated with self-reported STIs among never-married and married female youths and never-married male youths in Nigeria. These findings can inform programs aimed at reducing STI transmission among youths in Nigeria. Specifically, they can guide the development of educational programs to increase youth awareness of the risks associated with their sexual behaviors.
Facility Preparedness, Barriers, and Facilitators to the integration and implementation of Adolescent and Youth-friendly health services in Primary Health Care centres in Southwest Nigeria - A mixed method study
Authors: Ladi-Akinyemi Temitope , Balogun Mobolanle , Welch Sarah , Emmanuel Grace , Montalto Franscesca , Montalto Gregg
Published: December 2024

Background
Adolescences/youth (A/Y) make the transition to adulthood in good health, but there are particular public health challenges within this age group, such as injuries from accidents or violence, mental health problems, problems from substance use, problems from undernutrition and overnutrition, endemic diseases (e.g. malaria), and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems. Adolescent and youth-friendly health services (AYFHSs) provide access to information and services on prevention, diagnosis, counselling, treatment, and care and allow all people to safely reach services without travelling long distances. This study aimed to describe the existing services provided for A/Y at PHCs, assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of AYFHS among the healthcare providers (HCPs), and understand the medical officers of health (MOHs) perceived facilitators and barriers to integration of AYFHS at PHCs in Ogun State.
Methods
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional with a mixed-method approach. A checklist, questionnaire, and interview guide were used to collect data from the PHCs, HCPs and MOHs, respectively. The quantitative data were analysed via SPSS version 27. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim, analysed manually and presented in narrations using rapid, deductive thematic analysis. The level of significance was set at a P-value < 0.05.
Results
Ten model PHCs, 32 HCPs, and ten MOHs participated in the study. In the assessment of the facility readiness for AYFHSs, basic amenities, medical equipment, etc., were available or adequate, but there was a lack or absence of clearly visible signboards, comfortable waiting areas, displays of IEC materials, and confidentiality procedures and practices.
More than 80% and 62.5% of the HCPs had good knowledge and positive perceptions of providing AYFHS, respectively. There were statistically significant associations between the overall perception scores of the respondents and the practices of some AYFHSs, such as A/Y having a consultation without an appointment (p=0.020). In the interviews with the MOHs, some factors were identified as facilitators (e.g. existing relationships with NGOs for support) and barriers (e.g. inadequate staffing) to the AYFHS.
Conclusion
Most of the PHCs in this study are inadequately prepared to provide AYFHSs and fall short of national recommendations. Most of the identified barriers to AYFHS integration were health system-related.
A Study of Privacy-Related Data Collected by Android Apps
Authors: Khedkar Mugdha , Mondal Ambuj Kumar , Bodden Eric
Published: December 2024

Many Android apps collect data from users, and the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) mandates clear disclosures of such data collection. However, apps often use third-party code, complicating accurate disclosures. This paper investigates how accurately current Android apps fulfill these requirements.
In this work, we present a multi-layered definition of privacy-related data to correctly report data collection in Android apps. We further create a dataset of privacy-sensitive data classes that may be used as input by an Android app.
This dataset takes into account data collected both through the user interface and system APIs. Based on this, we implement a semi-automated prototype that detects and labels privacy-related data collected by a given Android app. We manually examine the data safety sections of 70 Android apps to observe how data collection is reported, identifying instances of over- and under-reporting. We compare our prototype’s results with the data safety sections of 20 apps revealing reporting discrepancies. Using the results from two Messaging and Social Media apps (Signal and Instagram), we discuss how app developers under-report and over-report data collection, respectively, and identify inaccurately reported data categories.
A broader study of 7,500 Android apps reveals that apps most frequently collect data that can partially identify users. Although system APIs consistently collect large amounts of privacy-related data, user interfaces exhibit some more diverse data collection patterns. A more focused study on various domains of apps reveals that the largest fraction of apps collecting personal data belong to the domain of Messaging and Social Media. Our findings show that location is collected frequently by apps, specially from the E-commerce and Shopping domain. However, it is often under-reported in app data safety sections. Our results highlight the need for greater consistency in privacy-aware app development and reporting practices.
Strengthening the engagement of mass media stakeholders in community-based health promotion interventions - The Danish Project SoL
Authors: Reinbach Helene Christine , Buch-Andersen Tine , Winkler Lise L. , Toft Ulla , Mikkelsen Bent Egberg , Bloch Paul
Published: December 2024

Background: The potential positive effects of mass media stakeholders in health promotion have long been recognized. Health promotion interventions may benefit from exposure in mass media by attracting public attention and political support. More formal and partnership-based engagement of mass media may have even larger impact potentials. Nevertheless, few projects have included mass media as formal partners in health promotion interventions. The aim of the present study is to identify potentials and barriers for the engagement of mass media stakeholders in health promotion
Methods: Project SoL, a community-based health promotion intervention carried out in two municipalities in Denmark, applied the supersetting approach to establish a formal partnership with local mass media, supermarkets, childcare centres, and primary schools in efforts to promote healthier eating and physical activity among families with young children.
Six semi-structured in-depth interviews with mass media stakeholders involved in Project SoL were carried out to identify barriers and drivers for engagement of local mass media in health promotion.
Results: Thematic data analysis revealed that engagement of mass media stakeholders was promoted by potentials for 1) exercising corporate social responsibility, 2) adopting a broad and positive understanding of the concept of health and 3) attracting the attention of a large audience. In contrast, barriers for their engagement included 1) inflexible organizational structures of mass media, 2) lack of financial and human resources and 3) a demand to maintain a disseminating and neutral role in the mediascape.
Conclusions:The findings suggest that engagement of mass media stakeholders as formal partners may strengthen health promotion interventions and aid the development of new health promotion strategies in local community settings
Associations of Number and Position of Tooth Loss and Quality of Life in Chilean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Celis Andrés , Celis-Dooner Jorge , Vargas-Buratovic Juan , Mococain Claudio Carrasco , Torres Beatriz Mellado , Ferrer Francisco Moreno , Tagle Elizabeth López , Borroto Duniel Ortuño
Published: December 2024

Background
Multiple studies have demonstrated the association between Quality of Life (QoL) and the prevalence of caries, periodontitis, and tooth loss. However, the role of the position and location of tooth loss in impacting QoL remains unclear.
Aim
Evaluate the effect of tooth loss, including anterior losses, on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Chileans aged 15 years and older who participated in the ENS 2016–2017.
Methods
A total of 5473 individuals participated in this study. HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire, while OHRQoL was assessed through a general question (GQ/ENS) and five specific questions (SQ/ENS). An analysis of variance test was performed to determine how difference or variation in number(s) of teeth in study participants affected their HRQoL Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to determine how, and to what degree, anterior tooth loss was associated both with HRQOL and OHRQOL in the study sample.
Results
The number of remaining teeth was significantly higher in the 'No problems' group across all EQ-5D dimensions, except Anxiety/Depression. The largest difference was in Self-care, where ‘No problems’ had a mean of 20.18 teeth compared to 6.43 in the ‘Problematic’ group. Anxiety/Depression showed higher odds of ‘Some problems’ with upper anterior tooth loss, while 'Usual Activities' showed higher odds of ‘problematic’ with lower anterior tooth loss. In OHRQoL, participants with an ‘Excellent’ perception had a mean of 24.32 teeth, and both upper and lower anterior tooth loss increased the odds of poor oral health self-perception.
Conclusions
Tooth loss significantly impacts both HRQoL and OHRQoL, with more remaining teeth associated with better outcomes, while anterior tooth loss is linked to worse self-perceived oral health.