bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of double vs. triple antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation with or without acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary interventionï¼š a systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin k antagonist a
Authors: Sophearith Phav
Published: February 2021

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of double therapy (DT) (no aspirin) versus triple therapy (TT) (with aspirin) antithrombotic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome or underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant articles from inception to December 2020. We conducted the analysis of dichotomous outcomes using risk ratio (RR) and relative 95% confidence interval (CI), while the continuous outcomes were analyzed using mean difference (MD) and relative 95% CI. Heterogeneous outcomes were analyzed with random-effects model, and homogeneous data were analyzed with fixed-effects model. We assessed the risk of bias among the included studies by using Cochraneâ€™s risk of bias tool.Results: A total of five studies were included. Regarding Major or Minor Bleeding, the overall risk ratio was significantly lower with DT group compared with TT group (RR=0.60 [0.45, 0.81], (P = 0.07)). For the safety endpoint (TIMI major or minor bleeding, TIMI major bleeding) favored DT group over TT group, respectively (RR=0.60 [0.45, 0.81], (P = 0.07)); (RR= 0.55 [0.43, 0.70], (P < 0.01)). Intracranial hemorrhage did not differ between both groups (RR=0.62 [0.37, 1.05], (P = 0.07)). The efficacy endpoint, all-cause death showed no significant difference between both groups (RR=1.08 [0.89, 1.31], (P = 0.42)). There were no significant differences between two groups in cardiovascular death, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively (RR=1.10 [0.86, 1.41], (P = 0.43); (RR=1.40 [0.92, 2.12], (P = 0.11); (RR=1.20 [0.98, 1.49], (P = 0.08); (RR=0.95 [0.66, 1.37], (P = 0.79).; respectively).Conclusion: Compared with triple antithrombotic therapy, double antithrombotic therapy is associated with lower bleeding risks, including minor and major bleeding, but the incidence of efficacy endpoints was similar between both groups.Â Â Â
Structural and elastic properties, Vickers hardness and Debye temperature of (B1) BP: DFT study
Authors: Daoud Salah
Published: February 2021

A theoretical study of the structural parameters and elastic constants of boron phosphide (BP) compound with cubic rocksalt structure has been carried out using ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculations based on the plane-wave and pseudopotential (PW-PP) approach. Elastic anisotropy factors, Cauchy pressure, inverted Pughâ€™s ratio, aggregate mechanical moduli (shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio), Vickers hardness HV, elastic wave velocity as well as the Debye temperature Î¸D and the melting point have been also calculated. Our obtained results are in general in good agreement with other data of the literature. The deviation between our obtained value (4.225 Ã…) of the lattice constant and the theoretical value (4.282 Ã…) of the literature is around 1.33%, while that between our obtained value (169.7 GPa) of the bulk modulus and the theoretical one (171 GPa) is only around 0.77%. The calculated values of HV and Î¸D were found at around 30.5 GPa and 1254 K (1314.4 K), respectively.Â Â
Geotechnical investigation of road pavement failure along arigidi / oke - agbe akoko, southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Henry Tolulope Ogunribido Thompson , Ezekiel Fadairo Tunde
Published: February 2021

Twenty soil samples collected from the failed portions in the study area were air dried for two weeks before analyses. Each soil samples were subjected to eight engineering tests which include: natural moisture content, atterberg limit, specific gravity, compaction, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, grain size and hydrometer analysis. Results showed that the natural moisture content ranged from 17.7% to 37.8%, liquid limit from 48.5% to 62.4%, plastic limit from 18.3% to 26.8%, plasticity index from 25.7% to 37.7%, shrinkage limit from 5.8%-12.5%, optimum moisture content from 14.2% to 32.4%, maximum dry density from 1301 Kg/rn3 to 2002 Kg/rn3. Soaked California bearing ratio ranged from 5% to 17%, unsoaked from 15% to 38%, specific gravity from 2.5 to 2.68, unconfined compressive strength r from 112.8 Kpa to 259.7 Kpa, shear strength from 56.4 Kpa to 129.9 Kpa and hydrometer analysis from 48.5% to 72.1%. Based on the Federal Government specifications for pavement construction, for the soil to be suitable, stabilization with bitumen, Portland cement, lime, coal fly ash, and saw dust should be done. Road pavement failure along Arigidi â€“ Oke Agbe road was due to poor engineering geological condition of the sub-grade soils and poor drainage systems.Â Â
Construction of steel shed: a case study of automobile service center, bells university of technology, Sango-Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: O. Ajala M.
Published: February 2021

The construction of steel shed for Automobile Service Centre at the Bells University, Sango-Ota, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria was deemed necessary in order to expand the existing structure, ensure safety and bring economic gains to the Institution. This paper therefore presents a report of the construction of steel shed at the Automobile Service Centre where activities such as automobile checks, repairs and so on are been carried out. In carrying out the project, the following methods were adopted: evaluation of design/working drawings, selection and fabrication of structural members, construction work and finishing. All methods follow standard procedures as specified in relevant British standards. The assemblage and completed work were the results of the methods mentioned above and it was confirmed that the members were adequate to carry the live and dead loads that they may be subjected to. The aim of the project was achieved.Â Â
Geometric Modelling of the Thinning by Cell Complexes
Authors: Hasan-Zadeh Atefeh
Published: February 2021

Motivation: Thinning is an extremely active area of research because of its primary role in reducing the amount of information that must be processed by algorithms for pattern recognition. Most thinning algorithms are supposed to be topology-preserving, although an accurate statement of what this means is usually left unanswered.Results: The objective of this article is the presentation of a general topology via the concepts of homotopy theory to preserve the thinning. The proposed method can be applied to any decomposition of non-structural cells of the object, given that the cells have a fixed structure.Â Â
Statistical adjustment of the parameters of multi-objective optimization problems with design expert method
Authors: Hasan-Zadeh Atefeh
Published: February 2021

Optimization methods in which one single criterion is considered cannot provide a comprehensive solution to various decision- making algorithms because they cannot consider the interchange of conflicting goals that sometimes conflict with one another. Multi-objective opti-mization is a suitable solution to this obstacle. Given the importance of multi-objective optimization problems in engineering and technology, adjusting the parameters of these types of problems will, in addition to the decision-making accuracy, facilitate the analysis of the results and makes it more applicable. For this purpose, multi-objective optimization using experimental design methods has been developed which can solve these problems by considering different objectives simultaneously. Mathematical modelling for the setting of the parameters of the considered problem with all the statistical details related to their prediction and optimization have been studied.Â
Proses Islamisasi Melalui Jalur Perniagaan di Lombok: Sebuah Analisis Historis
Authors: Rijal Ahsanul
Published: February 2021

In the process of Islamizing the people of Lombok. There are many theories about the entry of Islam in Lombok through commercial channels. As one of the nations with marine wealth, before Islam entered the nation, Indonesia was known as sailors. So, in the process of entering Islam, of course it cannot be separated from marine activities and commerce. This article focuses on commercial activities as the beginning of the entry of Islam in Lombok. By using critical historical and phenomenological approaches from various historical literatures. Based on commerce in observing the process of Islamization and showing the argument that the da’wah process was preceded by economic struggle. This article strengthens the general theory that Islam was brought in by Muslim traders. Also, this article shows that Islam entered by seizing the economic base of the Indonesian people, namely agricultural and maritime commodities. This means that the beginning of Islam did not directly preach religion, but was involved in the economic activities of the people of the archipelago, then Islam was preached. This article is qualitative-descriptive, with local historical databases such as Babad Lombok and Negarakartagama.Dalam proses Islamisasi masyarakat Lombok, banyak teori mengenai masuknya Islam di Lombok melalui jalur perniagaan. Sebagai salah satu bangsa dengan kekayaan laut, sebelum Islam masuk bangsa Indonesia sudah dikenal sebagai pelaut. Maka, dalam proses masuknya Islam tentu tidak bisa lepas dari aktivitas laut dan perniagaan. Artikel ini berfokus pada aktivitas perniagaan sebagai awal masuknya Islam di Lombok. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis dan fenomenologis kritis dari berbagai literatur sejarah. Berbasis pada perniagaan dalam melihat proses Islamisasi serta menunjukkan argumentasi bahwa proses dakwah didahului dengan perebutan ekonomi. Artikel ini memperkuat umumnya teori, Islam masuk dibawa oleh para pedagang muslim.  Juga, dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam masuk dengan merebut basis ekonomi masyarakat nusantara yaitu komoditas pertanian dan maritim. Artinya, awal Islam masuk tidak langsung mendakwahkan agama, melainkan ikut terlibat dalam aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat nusantara, kemudian barulah Islam didakwahkan. Artikel ini menggunakan kualititaf-deskriptif, dengan basis data sejarah lokal seperti Babad Lombok dan Negarakartagama.
Sovereignty in Drag: On Fakes, Foreclosure, and Unbecoming States
Authors: Bryant Rebecca
Published: February 2021

A growing ethnographic literature demonstrates the mundane practices through which both the state and sovereignty are performed. This article asks at what point such performances succeed or where they may fail, even for those enacting them. The article builds on long-term research in an unrecognized state, the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus,” which is often called a pirate or pseudo-state and which has undergone several decades of international isolations. Since the early 2000s, however, Turkish Cypriots have experienced the closer integration of their “state” into the global economy and transnational institutions. This has resulted in international engagement with their “state” that has made it appear more “real,” even as, paradoxically, citizens have developed their own pervasive discourse of pseudo-ness. The article uses examples of engagement with the unrecognized entity to show how, in the context of globalization, citizens learn, in their daily lives, to perform their state as a “state,” persistently calling attention to the made-up nature of their sovereignty claims. The article develops the concept of the unbecoming to refer to entities that are foreclosed from their inception, as well as the unsuitable or unfitting form that such entities acquire when certain desires are always already impossible.

Özet

Her geçen gün artan sayıda etnografik literatür, devlet ve egemenliğin günlük pratikler aracılığıyla gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, bu tip performansların hangi noktada başarılı olup hangi noktada başarısız olabildiğini sorgulamaktadır. Bu makale, sık sık korsan veya sahte devlet olarak anılan ve uzun yıllar birçok izolasyona tabii tutulmuş, tanınmamış bir devlet olan “Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti”nde yapılmış uzun dönemli bir araştırmayı zemin olarak almaktadır. Ancak 2000’li yılların başından beri Kıbrıslı Türkler “devlet”lerinin küresel ekonomi ve transnasyonal kurumlarla daha yakın bir entegrasyon yaşadığına şahit olmaktadırlar. Bu gelişme, paradoksal bir şekilde vatandaşların yaygın bir halde kendi “uyduruk devlet” söylemlerini geliştirmiş olmalarına rağmen, “devlet”lerinin uluslararası angajmanlara girmesiyle daha “gerçek” bir görüntü yakalamasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma, küreselleşme bağlamında tanınmamış bir entite ile kurulan ilişkilerden örnekler vererek, vatandaşların nasıl bir taraftan ısrarla kendi egemenlik iddialarının uyduruk yapısına dikkat çekerken diğer taraftan günlük hayatlarında “devlet”lerini “devlet” olarak icra etmelerini göstermeye çalışacaktır. Bu makale “oluşamayan” tanımıyla, bazı arzular her zaman ve hali hazırda imkansız olmasına rağmen bazı entitelerin başlangıçtan mümkün olamayan, ayrıca uygunsuz, uymayan bir yapıya sahip olduklarını kastetmektedir.
Trafność teoretyczna Kwestionariusza radzenia sobie w sytuacjach stresowych CISS ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem trafności teore-tycznej skali stylu skoncentrowanego na unikaniu
Authors: Jabłońska Agata
Published: February 2021

Sprawdzono trafność teoretyczną Kwestionariusza radzenia sobie w sytuacjach stresowych (CISS) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem trafności skali stylu skoncentrowanego na unikaniu (SSU). 141 studentów (76 kobiet, 65 mężczyzn) w wieku 19-26 lat, wypełniło: kwestionariusz CISS, Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności, Pure Procrastination Scale oraz Kwestionariusz spędzania wolnego czasu. Badanie trafności metodą analiz: macierzy korelacji, czynnikowej oraz struktury wewnętrznej testu, dostarczyło argumentów świadczących na korzyść trafności teoretycznej, zarówno skali SSU jak i całego kwestionariusza. Uwzględniając uzyskane dane oraz wyniki badań zagranicznych (Endler, Parker, 1990b, 1994; Cosway, Endler, Sadler, Deary,Â 2000), sugeruje się rozważenie wprowadzenia w polskiej wersji kwestionariusza zróżnicowania norm stenowych dla płci.
Improved gestational diabetes screening protocol
Authors: Calero Rojas Miguel , Jurado Roger Aurora , Gutiérrez Grúa Marta , de la Peña Carretero Lourdes , Romero Sotomayor Victoria , López Braos Javier , Izquierdo Carrasco Federico , Herrero Tabanera Luis , Moreno Aguilar Carmen
Published: February 2021

Objectives

This work aimed to assess the diagnostic validity of two approaches for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with less discomfort for pregnant women.

Methods

A prospective diagnostic validation study was conducted with 2007 pregnant women. According to risk factors for GDM, women were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups. The current diagnostic procedure, based on oral glucose overload, was followed; simultaneously HbA1c was tested and an algorithm combining both biomarkers was applied.

Results

In the low-risk group, the Glucose challenge test (GCT) showed a higher area under the curve (AUC 0.953; 95% CI 0.915–0.992) than the HbA1c test (0.688; 95% CI 0.541–0.834). The best GCT cut-off, 153.5 mg/dL (8.52 mmol/L), showed higher diagnostic validity than that for HbA1c, 28 mmol/mol (4.75%), and that the algorithm using both tests. In the high-risk group, the GCT showed better diagnostic performance than the HbA1c and the algorithm; the optimal GCT cut-offs were higher than those recommended in current protocols. 13th week: GCT AUC 0.882 (95% CI 0.843–0.921), HbA1c AUC 0.624 (95% CI 0.562–0.686), GCT cut-off 140.5 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), HbA1c cut-off 33 mmol/mol (5.15%). 24th week: GCT AUC 0.944 (95% CI 0.925–0.962), HbA1c AUC 0.642 (95% CI 0.575–0.709), GCT cut-off, 145.5 mg/dL (8.08 mmol/L), HbA1c cut-off 29 mmol/mol (4.85%).

Conclusions

The GDM diagnostic approach using as the first step the GCT with higher cut-offs showed the best diagnostic validity. Applying these thresholds, 55.6 and 13.7% of 100 g. Oral glucose overloads would have been avoided in low-risk and high-risk pregnant women.
Sharp conditions for the convergence of greedy expansions with prescribed coefficients
Authors: Valiullin Artur R. , Valiullin Albert R.
Published: February 2021

Greedy expansions with prescribed coefficients were introduced by V. N. Temlyakov in a general case of Banach spaces. In contrast to Fourier series expansions, in greedy expansions with prescribed coefficients, a sequence of coefficients

{

c

n

}

n
=
1

∞

{\left\{{c}_{n}\right\}}_{n=1}^{\infty }

is fixed in advance and does not depend on an expanded element. During the expansion, only expanding elements are constructed (or, more precisely, selected from a predefined set – a dictionary). For symmetric dictionaries, V. N. Temlyakov obtained conditions on a sequence of coefficients sufficient for a convergence of a greedy expansion with these coefficients to an expanded element. In case of a Hilbert space these conditions take the form

∑

n
=
1

∞

c

n

=
∞

{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }{c}_{n}=\infty

and

∑

n
=
1

∞

c

n

2

<
∞

{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }{c}_{n}^{2}\lt \infty

. In this paper, we study a possibility of relaxing the latter condition. More specifically, we show that the convergence is guaranteed for

c

n

=
o

1

n

{c}_{n}=o\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)

, but can be violated if

c

n

≍

1

n

{c}_{n}\hspace{0.33em}\asymp \hspace{0.33em}\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}

.
Laboratory measurement method for the mechanical interaction between a tactile sensor and a cartonboard package – presentation and evaluation
Authors: Eriksson Daniel , Persson Camilla , Eriksson Henry , Käck Tore , Korin Christer
Published: February 2021

The importance of sensory information in product purchasing decisions has gained increasing attention in recent years. Tactile properties of packaging are usually measured with the help of trained evaluators. An objective, fast and repeatable method that describes the mechanical interaction and does not rely on a panel would have many benefits. We propose and evaluate such a method for measuring the mechanical interaction between a deformable finger-like shaped sensor and a package. Evaluation of the method shows good repeatability, the variability in the measurement result is within a few percent in most cases. The method captures indentation differences at contact between sensor and package due to measurement position and package design.
Surface Dilatational Properties and Foam Performance of Surfactant-Nanoparticle Foaming System under Ultra-High Salinity
Authors: Wang Yang
Published: February 2021

We have studied the surface dilatational properties of aqueous foaming dispersions containing mixtures of silica nanoparticles (Ludox CL) and sulfobetaine (LHSB) in Tahe formation water. The effects of temperature and pH on the surface dilatational modulus and time shift were studied by oscillating drop module (ODM). The ODM results show that the surface dilatational modulus of mixtures of CL and LHSB is large and increases with the decrease of surface area deformation, which results from hydrophobic interaction between adsorbed mixtures. Under test conditions, the Gibbs stability criterion E > σ/2 against foam coarsening is fulfilled. Results of Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) show that an uniform adsorption layer is established at the air-water interface. Temperature and pH-value influence the dilatation modulus of the surface by hydrophobic interaction or adsorption. Time shift has a similar variation trend. This is a surprising feature. It suggests that LHSB adsorbed on CL can respond to surface tension gradient. The time shift difference results from the response of LHSB at different adsorption sites. In addition, sand pack tests show that compared to LHSB, a finer foam was produced by the mixtures CL/LHSB due to the capillary-induced \snap-off". Thus, higher pressure difference and higher oil recovery could be achieved.
Two Novel Methods for the Determination of Benzalkonium Chloride in Bandages by Resonance Light Scattering Technology
Authors: Li Yinhua , Xu Zhongyuan , Yu Mengting , Wang Zhen , Ma Weixing , Dong Zibo
Published: February 2021

In this study, two novel resonance light scattering (RLS) methods were developed for the determination of benzalkonium chloride. These methods were based on the formation of inorganic anionic-surfactant aggregates in a Clark-Lubs medium, which increases the resonance light scattering intensity of the reaction system and were also predominantly divided into sodium tungstate-benzalkonium chloride (method A) or phosphomolybdate-benzalkonium chloride (method B). The detection is performed both at 285 nm. Under the established conditions, the limits of quantification ranged from 0.10 mg L–1 to 1.00 mg L–1 with the R values of 0.9994 and from 0.20 mg · L–1 to 3.20 mg · L–1 with the R values of 0.9991, with good precision and accuracy both for method A and method B. The limits of detection were 0.029 mg · L–1 for method A and 0.013 mg · L–1 for method B. These two methods were successfully applied for the assay of benzalkonium chloride for the first time. All validation parameters were in agreement with the International Conference on Harmonization of Requirements for Registration Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. Compared to the classical spectrophotometric method, these two methods take advantages of rapidity, high efficiency and good selectivity.
The Role of Solid Particles Obtained from Plant Materials in Improvement the Quality of Cosmetic Care Balms
Authors: Wasilewski Tomasz , Nizioł-Łukaszewska Zofia , Bujak Tomasz , Szmuc Edyta , Czerwonka Dominik , Mucha Magdalena , Sarna Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The sensory properties of cosmetic emulsions are part of the basic properties of products such as face creams and body balms. They are extremely important parameters in the product evaluation by consumers. Cosmetics manufacturers are increasingly introducing ingredients in the form of solid particles (talc, bentonite, clay) into formulations to improve the sensory properties of products. Their addition simplifies the application of the emulsion on the skin, effects faster absorption and leaves a feeling of silky smoothness after application. During the work, we investigated solid particles of plant origin: powder from ground orange peel and oat grain. These ingredients were introduced into the formulation of the model body balms. The antioxidant and physicochemical properties of the obtained emulsions as well as the skin hydration after their application were evaluated. It has been shown that the introduction of solid plant particles increases the antioxidant properties of the emulsions and significantly improves emulsion stability and skin moisture after application.
Evaluation of Suitability of Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Performance Improvement of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Foam and Compressive Strength of Foam Concrete
Authors: Sahu Sritam Swapnadarshi , Ranjani Gandhi Indu Siva , Kumar Amit , Garg Saurav
Published: February 2021

Currently, foam concrete is commonly used for various construction applications such as partitions, filling grades, road embankment infills, and sound and heat insulation. It is to be noted that the foam production parameters have significant influence on the cellular structure of foam concrete, which governs the material properties of concrete. Hence, in an attempt to improve the foam quality, the present work focuses on evaluation of the suitability of viscosity enhancing agent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in performance improvement of foam produced with surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for use in foam concrete production. Firstly, the influence of the addition of CMC on behavior of foam produced with surfactant SLS was studied by evaluating essential characteristics such as foam density, foam stability, and viscosity of surfactant solution. As a next step, the microstructure of foam and its behavior in cement slurry and mortar at the optimized concentrations of SLS and CMC were studied. Experimental studies revealed that the addition of 0.2 % CMC to 2.5 % SLS surfactant solution resulted in a 134 % increase in viscosity of surfactant solution, which eventually resulted in tremendous improvement in foam quality in terms of 34 % reduction in foam drainage (at the 5th minute after foam generation) and 22 % reduction in larger size foam bubbles (D90). Furthermore, as the air void microstructure of foam concrete is dependent on the foam bubble sizes, the reduction in foam bubble sizes resulted in 20 % enhancement in compressive strength of foam concrete. The addition of CMC is also found to affect the workability of foam concrete mixes, which is evident from the reduction in flow spread and the increase in flow time. Also, as the foam has retarding properties, the increase in foam content is found to increase the demolding time requirement of foam concrete specimens.
Flexible and Accurate Substrate Processing with Distinct Presenilin/γ-Secretases in Human Cortical Neurons
Authors: Watanabe Hirotaka , Imaizumi Kent , Cai Tetsuo , Zhou Zhi , Tomita Taisuke , Okano Hideyuki
Published: February 2021

Mutations in thepresenilingenes (PS1,PS2) have been linked to the majority of familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although great efforts have been made to investigate pathogenicPSmutations, which ultimately cause an increase in the toxic form of β-amyloid (Aβ), the intrinsic physiological functions of PS in human neurons remain to be determined. In this study, to investigate the physiological roles of PS in human neurons, we generatedPS1conditional knock-out (KO) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), in which PS1 can be selectively abrogated under Cre transduction with or without additionalPS2KO. We showed that iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) do not confer a maintenance ability in the absence of both PS1 and PS2, showing the essential role of PS in Notch signaling. We then generatedPS-null human cortical neurons, where PS1 was intact until full neuronal differentiation occurred. Aβ40 production was reduced exclusively in humanPS1/PS2-null neurons along with a concomitant accumulation of amyloid β precursor protein (APP)-C-terminal fragments CTFs, whereas Aβ42 was decreased in neurons devoid ofPS2. Unlike previous studies in mice, in which APP cleavage is largely attributable to PS1, γ-secretase activity seemed to be comparable between PS1 and PS2. In contrast, cleavage of another substrate, N-cadherin, was impaired only in neurons devoid ofPS1. Moreover, PS2/γ-secretase exists largely in late endosomes/lysosomes, as measured by specific antibody against the γ-secretase complex, in which Aβ42 species are supposedly produced. Using this novel stem cell-based platform, we assessed important physiological PS1/PS2 functions in mature human neurons, the dysfunction of which could underlie AD pathogenesis.
Neural Code of Motor Planning and Execution during Goal-Directed Movements in Crows
Authors: Rinnert Paul , Nieder Andreas
Published: February 2021

The planning and execution of head-beak movements are vital components of bird behavior. They require integration of sensory input and internal processes with goal-directed motor output. Despite its relevance, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying action planning and execution outside of the song system are largely unknown. We recorded single-neuron activity from the associative endbrain area nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) of two male carrion crows (Corvus corone) trained to plan and execute head-beak movements in a spatial delayed response task. The crows were instructed to plan an impending movement toward one of eight possible targets on the left or right side of a touchscreen. In a fraction of trials, the crows were prompted to plan a movement toward a self-chosen target. NCL neurons signaled the impending motion direction in instructed trials. Tuned neuronal activity during motor planning categorically represented the target side, but also specific target locations. As a marker of intentional movement preparation, neuronal activity reliably predicted both target side and specific target location when the crows were free to select a target. In addition, NCL neurons were tuned to specific target locations during movement execution. A subset of neurons was tuned during both planning and execution period; these neurons experienced a sharpening of spatial tuning with the transition from planning to execution. These results show that the avian NCL not only represents high-level sensory and cognitive task components, but also transforms behaviorally-relevant information into dynamic action plans and motor execution during the volitional perception-action cycle of birds.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCorvid songbirds have become exciting new models for understanding complex cognitive behavior. As a key neural underpinning, the endbrain area nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) represents sensory and memory-related task components. How such representations are converted into goal-directed motor output remained unknown. In crows, we report that NCL neurons are involved in the planning and execution of goal-directed movements. NCL neurons prospectively signaled motion directions in instructed trials, but also when the crows were free to choose a target. NCL neurons showed a target-specific sharpening of tuning with the transition from the planning to the execution period. Thus, the avian NCL not only represents high-level sensory and cognitive task components, but also transforms relevant information into action plans and motor execution.
Honesty-Humility, Beliefs, and Prosocial Behaviour: A Test on Stockpiling During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Columbus Simon
Published: February 2021

Increasing evidence links personality to prosocial behaviour. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, in particular, has been linked to prosocial behaviour when it comes with a personal cost. Yet, evidence for such a link is mostly limited to the laboratory, although social dilemmas abound in daily life. Emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic pose salient conflicts of interests between individual and societal welfare. One example is the run on many basic goods in anticipation of lockdowns. Such social dilemmas afford the expression of personality traits associated with individual differences in prosocial behaviour. Indeed, across two studies (N = 601), Honesty-Humility was positively, albeit weakly associated with refraining from stockpiling in the past and intentions to do so in the future. Causal mediation analysis shows that this was not due to differences in beliefs that others would refrain from stockpiling. Instead, results suggest that faced with a social dilemma, individuals high in Honesty-Humility may have been willing to forego individual benefit. This provides rare evidence on the relationship between Honesty-Humility and prosocial behaviour in a field setting.
Third-Order Problems in World Society Exacerbate First-Order Problems
Authors: Zürn Michael
Published: February 2021

Compelling visions of how political institutions can be effective and democratic in handling globalization problems is one of our most important predicaments. Political institutions always were deficient in that they were hardly fully effective and democratic. During the prime of liberal democracies, their problem-solving capacity was limited, and the process of making decisions approached democratic ideals at best. Yet the current predicament goes deeper. We lack a compelling vision of ideal political institutions for handling global problems such as climate change. In order to develop this argument, first two criteria for a compelling vision of ideal political institutions are identified. In a second step it is argued that the two currently most crucial institutional visions do not provide convincing accounts for fulfilling these criteria. The paper concludes by suggesting that these weaknesses of both sides of the debate contribute to polarization, thus making the predicament worse.
Artist as Witness
Authors: Deffebach Nancy
Published: February 2021

After creating a substantial corpus of art that was political in the sense that the female body and social justice are political, but which had not dealt with national politics, the Colombian painter Débora Arango (1907–2005) embarked on an extended series of works that chronicled and critiqued politics and politicians during the undeclared civil war known as la Violencia (c. 1946 to 1965). This essay examines Arango’s first five paintings about the national politics of Colombia and, by extension, the role of the artist as witness.

Arango’s earliest political paintings represent the Liberal politician Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, the rioting that erupted after his assassination in Bogotá on April 9, 1948, and the government’s suppression of Liberal rebels in Antioquia. This essay documents her personal connection to Gaitán, considers the cultural politics of the era, places the paintings in historical context, and analyzes the stylistic changes and international sources Arango employed to visualize the abuse of power.

The undated watercolor Gaitán (by 1948), which portrays the politician speaking to a vast, enthusiastic crowd, is the only political painting she ever created that does not criticize its subject. After Gaitán’s murder she switched to a more expressionistic visual language to condemn the violence that followed, first in Masacre del 9 de abril, then in three paintings that depict the transport of rebels in railroad boxcars in ways that evoke the Holocaust. The five images are the matrix from which her incisive political satire of the 1950s evolved.
Mexicos and Americas
Authors: Ortiz-Torres Rubén
Published: February 2021

Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
Comparison between automated DNA extraction employing the EZ1 platform and manual methods using real forensic samples
Authors: FRANCEZ PABLO ABDON DA COSTA , PENIDO CIRO AUGUSTO FERNANDES DE OLIVEIRA , COSTA GILCELENE DO SOCORRO MEDEIROS DE BRITO , DE ALMEIDA RODRIGO MATOS , PENA EDUARDA EMANUELLE SILVA , FUNABASHI KARINA , RESQUE RAFAEL LIMA
Published: February 2021

In the last 30 years, advances in Molecular Biology techniques have allowed its application as an essential tool in the criminal investigation, with a particularly relevant application in the determination of authorship of crimes and the identification of missing persons and unknown corpses. However, with the popularization of Forensic Genetics and the growth of violence, there has been a significant increase in the demand for these tests, which has led Forensic Genetics Laboratories to search for more efficient and safe methods of processing this increasing volume of samples. In this sense, automation was one of the adopted solutions, allowing the processing of the samples more accurately and with the minimum of human interference, reducing the risks, and being a more economical alternative when used in large scale. This paper aims to present the results obtained concerning the standardization of the use of an automated DNA extraction platform and to evaluate the advantages of this method in relation to the manual methods in the extraction of forensic samples from the Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of POLITEC-AP. For the realization of the experiments, 500 samples of DNA were extracted using manual methods (Organic and Chelex 100®) and using the automated extraction equipment EZ1 Advanced XL® from Qiagen ©. The automated extraction using the EZ1® following the manufacturer's protocol or after the adaptation of the protocol presented qualitative and quantitative results superior to those obtained using manual methods, both for reference saliva samples and unknown samples of unknown cadavers (teeth and bones) and secretions collected from victims of sexual violence.
Análise médico-legal de mortes violentas em unidades prisionais do Espírito Santo
Authors: Castro-Espicalsky Talita Lima , Rabbi Romildo , Carvalho Kátia Souza , Jarske Robson Dettmann , Francesquini Júnior Luiz , Daruge Júnior Eduardo , Rossi Ana Claudia
Published: February 2021

As unidades prisionais existentes no Brasil exibem uma situação caótica, com sistemas de segurança precários, condições de desestruturação e superlotação e extrema insegurança, que favorece a ocorrência de altos índices de mortes no interior das unidades prisionais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as mortes violentas ocorridas no interior de presídios e discriminar as causas médicas de morte mais frequentes, verificar características das mortes e identificar o perfil demográfico das vítimas quanto a sexo e idade, além de discutir aspectos médicos legais inerentes ao tema. O estudo retrospectivo foi realizado nos arquivos do Instituto Médico Legal de Vitória, cidade do sudeste do Brasil, por meio de um levantamento nos laudos referentes a necropsias realizadas em cadáveres procedentes de estabelecimentos penais do estado, examinados num período de cinco anos consecutivos, sem distinção de sexo. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar algumas características particulares, tais como maior número de mortes entre presos do sexo masculino, de idade jovem. As mortes por traumatismo crânio-encefálico e asfixia corresponderam à maioria dos casos e observou-se um alto percentual de mortes associadas a meios insidiosos ou cruéis. Uma diligente perícia forense e a consequente produção de laudos periciais consistentes e esmerados são essenciais para se produzir uma investigação criminal imparcial e eficaz, alcançando com isso a elucidação dos fatos e a justiça devida em casos como esses.
Kobieca asceza w niemieckim pietyzmie na przełomie XVII i XVIII wieku. Listy Wiary jako źródło do badania dziejów religijności kobiet
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Gąsowska Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Pisma Philippa Jakoba Spenera na temat pietyzmu kobiet miały dla nich sprzeczne przesłanie: z jednej strony pietysta wzywał do reformy, ogłosił kapłaństwo wszystkich wierzących i zachęcał kobiety do bycia kowalami własnego rozwoju duchowego; z drugiej strony myślenie przywódców pietystycznych niewiele różniło się od tradycyjnych poglądów na kobiety i ich poddanie się mężczyznom. Sam Spener wahał się, jakie role i zaangażowanie są otwarte dla kobiet. W Duchowym kapłaństwie z 1677 r. zachęcał kobiety do czytania i interpretowania Biblii. Miały pełne prawo dyskutować o Piśmie Świętym oraz pouczać współwyznawców. Zauważał nawet, że w niektórych domach są kobiety, które Bóg pobłogosławił zrozumieniem i które rozmawiają z rodzinami na spotkaniu w kościele domowym. Philipp Jakob Spener miał głębokie zastrzeżenia do kobiet proroków, od ich pierwszego pojawienia się na początku 1690 r., bardziej niż A. H. Francke. Spener był zasadniczo otwarty na możliwość ekstatycznych przeżyć i bezpośrednich objawień od Boga, ale szybko zaczął je analizować, ponieważ Biblia ostrzega przed fałszywymi prorokami, którzy pojawią się w dniach ostatecznych. Pod wpływem Spenera Francke ostatecznie odrzucił autorytet ekstatycznych przeżyć kobiet i zawartego w nich przesłania.
Dyskurs polityczny w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej na łamach tygodnika „Zwierciadło”. Przypadek sporu o Tysiąclecie Państwa Polskiego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Jędrzejski Łukasz
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie formułowanego przez władze partyjne Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej dyskursu politycznego w okresie sporu o Tysiąclecie Państwa Polskiego na łamach ważnego ówcześnie tytułu prasowego, jakim było „Zwierciadło”. Pytania badawcze sformułowane w tekście odnosiły się do następujących kwestii: (1) Jakie specyficzne cechy posiadał profil prasowy periodyku? (2) Jakie specyficzne idiolekty językowe i słowa sztandarowe występowały w przekazie prasowym w trakcie uroczystości Tysiąclecia? (3) Jakie formy gatunkowe dominowały w formułowanym przekazie prasowym?
Salvar la revolución. Problemas para pensar la revolución en la posmodernidad a la luz de la obra de Gianni Vattimo.
Authors: Rodríguez Alonso Guillermo
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo busca ahondar en la problemática que supone pensar la revolución desde el punto de vista filosófico en el marco teórico de la postmodernidad. A partir de este contexto, se aborda la obra de Gianni Vattimo en tres claves: análisis de la cuestión revolucionaria y su caducidad en el marco de la posmodernidad; imposibilidad de la revolución como acontecimiento en el «orden técnico» ; necesidad de superar la condición metafísico-violenta de la revolución. Se atenderá a estos tres ejes de forma no sistemática, debido a su profunda interrelación en la obra del italiano. En la conclusión se hará una pequeña tentativa para «salvar la revolución» en torno algunas de las propuestas teóricas más recientes.
Efecto del ejercicio físico sobre la condición física en adultos con lesión medular: una revisión sistemática
Authors: García-González Daniel Efrén , Sandoval-Cuellar Carolina
Published: February 2021

Esta revisión pretende determinar el efecto del ejercicio físico sobre la capacidad física, fuerza-resistencia muscular, composición corporal y rendimiento funcional en adultos con lesión medular. La búsqueda sistemática se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Trip Medical Database, Scopus, Web of Science, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados, Scielo y ScienceDirect entre los años 1990-2016. Se identificaron 2906 artículos en las bases de datos consultadas. El 31% de los estudios incluidos fueron realizados en Canadá, 46,1% en Estados Unidos y Australia, 15,3% en Holanda y 7,6% en Brasil, el tiempo post operatorio para intervención con ejercicio físico osciló entre 11,58 meses y los 24 años. El 100% de los estudios reportaron el protocolo de intervención utilizado en términos de longitud, duración, frecuencia e intensidad, el 46% de los estudios reportó niveles de lesión medular. Los resultados de las intervenciones mediadas a través de ejercicio físico sobre los componentes de la salud física en pacientes con lesión medular son alentadores. Los estudios analizados evidencian los beneficios sobre la capacidad física, fuerza y resistencia muscular, composición corporal y rendimiento funcional en pacientes con lesión medular que favorecen la calidad de vida y el bienestar psicológico de dicha población.
QUE ENTRE BRUJOS Y JUECES NO CUNDA EL PÁNICO
Authors: SIALE DJANGANY JOSÉ-FDO.
Published: February 2021

La comunidad tiene entre sus funciones, la de interiorizar normas y costumbres en cada uno de sus miembros. Esta nutrición constituye a veces una suerte de segunda naturaleza. Y un ejemplo de esta nos vendría de los conflictos resultantes de la brujería, y su percepción en el imaginario colectivo guineoecuatoriano. Hecho que llega a cuestionarnos sobre la resolución de tales conflictos y las consecuencias de la eventual denegación de pronunciamiento judicial, basada en la inexistencia de los hechos brujeriles o de base legal incriminatoria para la procesabilidad. Esta denegación de justicia se bosqueja así desde la premisa de que el delito de la brujería debería inferirse exclusivamente de una prueba material; y de modo alguno de la intención de determinar y orientar el comportamiento de los individuos de una sociedad determinada, de hacer que estén muertos de miedo, o que actúen de una cierta manera. Empero, la brujería no es, en Guinea Ecuatorial, un hecho social inocuo ni absurdo, ni sus expresiones son ingenuos comportamientos catalogables en la superstición. El hecho de haber subsistido esa forma de conocimiento y comportamiento a la persecución colonial y a la legislación poscolonial, configura un hecho inherente a la forma de pensar, sentir y actuar del guineano, una segunda naturaleza si podemos repetirlo así. Los linchamientos de supuestos brujos en la isla de Bioko: Caravaca (Roka), Riopo (Killing Billy), Capote, Siadeke; o el frustrado homicidio en la persona de Sialito en el pueblo de Rebola, falsamente acusado de haber embrujado a su esposa, entre otros tantos; están ahí para inmortalizar, día tras día, ese malestar que corroe a la gente. Si el régimen colonial reconoció el hecho, pero lo combatió en nombre de la religión católica, la moral y la civilización; la poscolonia lo rechazó en nombre de un positivismo y cartesianismo a ultranza, cuando no se enredó en consideraciones que no hicieron más que ahondar su escepticismo y el desconcierto del administrado-justiciable.
GOVERNING (IM)MIGRATION THROUGH SYSTEMIC INDIFFERENCE
Authors: LÓPEZ NARBONA ANA MARÍA
Published: February 2021

Western democratic nation-states are governing (im)migration through systemic indifference. Social order and the rule of law are not honored because immigrants are only subject to this new form of social control (necropolitics, refusal of entry in humanitarian crisis, border outsourcing, and permanent state of exception on borders). This article analyses different ways of governing migration through indifference, why systemic indifference is the new social control, and deepens in the internal contradictions of democratic nation-states in times of mass migrations, aged societies, populisms, and the reinforcement of whiteness. Do we confront a catharsis of democratic paradigms?
On a classification of word problems from the first grade Lithuanian textbooks
Authors: Kilienė Ieva
Published: February 2021

Word problems are classified to S problems and P problems by Verschaffel [9], classification is being specified and expanded. Reviewed word problems in Lithuanian first grade textbooks and divided to types. Submitted recommendations to use more varied types word problems, that would let to expand concepts understanding, develop mathematical reasoning, motivate to study word problem.
A New Finding of the Non-Native Copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) in Ukraine
Authors: Svetlichny L. , Samchyshyna L.
Published: February 2021

Sinodiaptomus sarsi is found for the second time in Ukraine, in the three artificial lakes of the one of capital Kyiv city`s park, Nyvky, after its first record in the Carpathian Mountain region near Slovakian border in 2016 by Dr. Mykitchak. Our morphological study showed the similarity between the specimens of S. sarsi found in Kyiv with existing illustrations and descriptions of the Asian population of this species. The most likely route of penetration is human intentional release. Some diagnostic details are discussed and short redescription of species is presented in the paper.