bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On finite p-groups with few normal subgroups
Authors: Bai Pengfei , Guo Xiuyun
Published: August 2016

A [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] is called a [Formula: see text]-group if [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] for every normal subgroup [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we first investigate the properties of [Formula: see text]-groups, in particular, we give the upper bounds of the exponent of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and the order of [Formula: see text] for a [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text]. Then, we try to describe the structure of [Formula: see text]-groups, and a necessary condition for a [Formula: see text]-group to be a [Formula: see text]-group is given. We also give some elementary properties of [Formula: see text]-groups with very small derived subgroups by using the properties of capable [Formula: see text]-groups, which maybe could apply some other research of [Formula: see text]-groups.
On c#-normal subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Zhong Guo , Lin Shi-Xun
Published: August 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be a subgroup of a finite group [Formula: see text]. We say that [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-normal subgroup of [Formula: see text] if there exists a normal subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-subgroup of [Formula: see text]. In the present paper, we use [Formula: see text]-normality of subgroups to characterize the structure of finite groups, and establish some necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite group to be [Formula: see text]-supersolvable, [Formula: see text]-nilpotent and solvable. Our results extend and improve some recent ones.
Numerical simulation of air purging conditions during steel sheet temper rolling process
Authors: Dai Siyu , Kang Yonglin , Zhu Guoming , Zheng Xiaofei , Wen Yuhui
Published: August 2016

The application of the lubricant in the temper rolling process of tinplate manufacturing improves the mechanical properties and surface quality of the steel sheet. The removal of the residual lubricant deserves and has rarely been studied via numerical simulation. A simplified model of a single stand temper mill was established and was discretized into cells of block-structured grids. The criterion whether the lubricant could be removed was decided via multiphase simulation of a smaller model. Three parameters, the gap between the deflector and the rolls, the length of an additional baffle and the velocity of the purging air, were considered and scores of different working conditions were performed. The shapes of the steel sheet between the temper rolls and the bridle roll were also studied to screen out the conditions that the sheet could move steadily.
Endothelial and inflammatory responses to acute exercise in perimenopausal and late postmenopausal women
Authors: Serviente Corinna , Troy Lisa M. , de Jonge Maxine , Shill Daniel D. , Jenkins Nathan T. , Witkowski Sarah
Published: August 2016

Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are characteristics of subclinical atherosclerosis and may increase through progressive menopausal stages. Evaluating endothelial responses to acute exercise can reveal underlying dysfunction not apparent in resting conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate markers of endothelial function and inflammation before and after acute exercise in healthy low-active perimenopausal (PERI) and late postmenopausal (POST) women. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), CD31+/CD42b− and CD62E+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs), and the circulating inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured before and 30 min after acute exercise. Before exercise, FMD was not different between groups (PERI: 6.4 ± 0.9% vs. POST: 6.5 ± 0.8%, P = 0.97); however, after acute exercise PERI tended to improve FMD (8.5 ± 0.9%, P = 0.09), whereas POST did not (6.2 ± 0.8%, P = 0.77). Independent of exercise, we observed transient endothelial dysfunction in POST with repeated FMD measures. There was a group × exercise interaction for CD31+/CD42b− EMPs ( P = 0.04), where CD31+/CD42b− EMPs were similar before exercise (PERI: 57.0 ± 6.7 EMPs/μl vs. POST: 58.5 ± 5.3 EMPs/μl, P = 0.86) but were higher in POST following exercise (PERI: 48.2 ± 6.7 EMPs/μl vs. POST: 69.4 ± 5.3 EMPs/μl, P = 0.023). CD62E+ EMPs were lower in PERI compared with POST before exercise ( P < 0.001) and increased in PERI ( P = 0.04) but did not change in POST ( P = 0.68) in response to acute exercise. After acute exercise, MCP-1 ( P = 0.055), TNF-α ( P = 0.02), and IL-8 ( P < 0.001) were lower in PERI but only IL-8 decreased in POST ( P < 0.001). Overall, these data suggest that perimenopausal and late postmenopausal women display different endothelial and inflammatory responses to acute exercise.
Evidence for the infiltration of gas bubbles into the arterial circulation and neuronal injury following “yo-yo” dives in pigs
Authors: Ofir Dror , Yanir Yoav , Mullokandov Michael , Aviner Ben , Arieli Yehuda
Published: August 2016

“Yo-yo” diving may place divers at a greater risk of neurologic decompression illness (DCI). Using a rat model, we previously demonstrated that “yo-yo” diving has a protective effect against DCI. In the current study, we evaluated the risk of neurologic DCI following “yo-yo” dives in a pig model. Pigs were divided into four groups. The Control group ( group A) made a square dive, without excursions to the surface (“peeps”). Group B performed two “peeps,” group C performed four “peeps,” and group D did not dive at all. All dives were conducted on air to 5 atm absolute, for 30-min bottom time. Echocardiography was performed to detect cardiac gas bubbles before the dive, immediately after, and at 90-min postdive. Motor performance was observed during the 5-h postdive period. Symptoms increased dramatically following a dive with four “peeps.” Gas bubbles were detected in the right ventricle of all animals except for the sham group and in the left ventricle only after the four-peep dive. Neuronal cell injury was found in the spinal cord in each of the three experimental groups, tending to decrease with an increase in the number of “peeps.” A four-peep “yo-yo” dive significantly increased the risk of neurologic DCI in pigs. Following a four-peep dive, we detected a higher incidence of bubbles in the left ventricle, supporting the common concern regarding an increased risk of neurologic DCI, albeit there was no direct correlation with the frequency of “red neurons” in the spinal cord.
Large-scale recording of thalamocortical circuits: in vivo electrophysiology with the two-dimensional electronic depth control silicon probe
Authors: Fiáth Richárd , Beregszászi Patrícia , Horváth Domonkos , Wittner Lucia , Aarts Arno A. A. , Ruther Patrick , Neves Hercules P. , Bokor Hajnalka , Acsády László , Ulbert István
Published: August 2016

Recording simultaneous activity of a large number of neurons in distributed neuronal networks is crucial to understand higher order brain functions. We demonstrate the in vivo performance of a recently developed electrophysiological recording system comprising a two-dimensional, multi-shank, high-density silicon probe with integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor electronics. The system implements the concept of electronic depth control (EDC), which enables the electronic selection of a limited number of recording sites on each of the probe shafts. This innovative feature of the system permits simultaneous recording of local field potentials (LFP) and single- and multiple-unit activity (SUA and MUA, respectively) from multiple brain sites with high quality and without the actual physical movement of the probe. To evaluate the in vivo recording capabilities of the EDC probe, we recorded LFP, MUA, and SUA in acute experiments from cortical and thalamic brain areas of anesthetized rats and mice. The advantages of large-scale recording with the EDC probe are illustrated by investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of pharmacologically induced thalamocortical slow-wave activity in rats and by the two-dimensional tonotopic mapping of the auditory thalamus. In mice, spatial distribution of thalamic responses to optogenetic stimulation of the neocortex was examined. Utilizing the benefits of the EDC system may result in a higher yield of useful data from a single experiment compared with traditional passive multielectrode arrays, and thus in the reduction of animals needed for a research study.
Tailgut Cyst and Perineal Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report with Multimodality Imaging Findings
Authors: Aljohani Ibtisam Musallam , Alghofaily Khalefa Ali , McWilliams Sebastian R. , Bin Saeedan Mnahi
Published: August 2016

A tailgut cyst is a rare developmental lesion and usually is located in the retrorectal or presacral space. Extrahepatic hydatid disease has been reported in several locations including the pelvis and it often poses a diagnostic challenge. There are very few reported cases of primary perineal hydatid cysts. We present the multimodality imaging findings of a tailgut cyst and concurrent perineal hydatid disease in a 32-year-old male patient.
BCL2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs: A Plethora of Misleading BH3 Mimetics
Authors: S. Soderquist Ryan , Eastman Alan
Published: August 2016

Antiapoptotic BCL2 proteins play a major role in tumor cell survival. Hence, BCL2 inhibitors have been developed as direct inducers of apoptosis. ABT-199 (venetoclax) received breakthrough therapy designation from the FDA due to its apparent efficacy in CLL and AML. However, resistance to ABT-199 is mediated by other BCL2 proteins including BCLXL and MCL1. Considerable effort has been expended seeking novel “BH3 mimetics” that inhibit all of these BCL2 proteins. While many BH3 mimetics inhibit BCL2 proteins in vitro, they fail to directly inhibit them in intact cells. Many BH3 mimetics induce the unfolded protein response culminating in induction of the proapoptotic protein NOXA, which in turn inhibits MCL1. We propose simple experiments to validate BH3 mimetics in cells. A true BCL2 inhibitor will rapidly induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells ex vivo. A BCLXL inhibitor will rapidly induce apoptosis in platelets. Finally, a BH3 mimetic targeting MCL1 will inhibit its degradation thereby inducing rapid MCL1 accumulation. Compounds that fail these tests should no longer be called BH3 mimetics. We now have a toolbox of selective inhibitors for most of the BCL2 proteins, and we hope these new tools will lead to effective treatment options for many cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2011–7. ©2016 AACR.
High-Fat Diet-Induced Complement Activation Mediates Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia, Independent of Obesity
Authors: Doerner Stephanie K. , Reis Edimara S. , Leung Elaine S. , Ko Justine S. , Heaney Jason D. , Berger Nathan A. , Lambris John D. , Nadeau Joseph H.
Published: August 2016

Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are closely associated with pathologies that represent a significant burden to global health. Epidemiological and molecular evidence links obesity and metabolic status with inflammation and increased risk of cancer. Here, using a mouse model of intestinal neoplasia and strains that are susceptible or resistant to diet-induced obesity, it is demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced inflammation, rather than obesity or metabolic status, is associated with increased intestinal neoplasia. The complement fragment C5a acts as the trigger for inflammation and intestinal tumorigenesis. High-fat diet induces complement activation and generation of C5a, which in turn induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of proto-oncogenes. Pharmacological and genetic targeting of the C5a receptor reduced both inflammation and intestinal polyposis, suggesting the use of complement inhibitors for preventing diet-induced neoplasia.

Implications: This study characterizes the relations between diet and metabolic conditions on risk for a common cancer and identifies complement activation as a novel target for cancer prevention. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 953–65. ©2016 AACR.
Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Separated into Two Subgroups Associated with Survival by BCR-ABL Fluorescence in situ Hybridization of Segmented Cell Nuclei: Report from a Single Institution
Authors: Kamoda Yoshimasa , Izumi Kiyotaka , Iioka Futoshi , Akasaka Takashi , Nakamura Fumihiko , Kishimori Chiyuki , Tsuda Katsuyo , Fukutsuka Katsuhiro , Okumura Atsuko , Hayashida Masahiko , Ohno Hitoshi
Published: August 2016

Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may include the lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-BC). We applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the BCR-ABL fusion gene to peripheral blood and/or bone marrow smears to determine whether the fusion was restricted to mononuclear cell nuclei or if segmented cell nuclei representing mature neutrophils also carried the fusion (Seg-FISH). Among 20 patients with Ph+ ALL without a prior diagnosis of CML, 9 were Seg-FISH+ and 11 were Seg-FISH-. Seg-FISH+ cases were characterized by a higher rate of p210-type BCR-ABL transcripts, higher white cell and blast counts, and a higher rate of myeloid and T-lymphoid antigen expression than Seg-FISH- cases, in addition to ‘major route' cytogenetic abnormalities associated with CML-BC. Eighteen patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) either alone or in combination with multiagent chemotherapy, and 7 underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Progression-free and overall survivals were greater in the Seg-FISH+ group than in the Seg-FISH- group. These results suggest that the Seg-FISH+ group represents lymphoid CML-BC that occurs de novo, while the Seg-FISH- represents Ph+ ALL in the strict sense, and the two groups are associated with survival when treated with TKIs or TKI-combined therapy.
Abnormal Circadian Blood Pressure Profile as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sawamura Akinori , Okumura Takahiro , Takeshita Kyosuke , Watanabe Naoki , Kano Naoaki , Mori Hiroaki , Fukaya Kenji , Morimoto Ryota , Hirashiki Akihiro , Bando Yasuko Kureishi , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: August 2016

Objectives: An abnormal circadian blood pressure (BP) profile is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, its significance in heart failure patients with nonischemic etiology is unknown. Herein, we investigated the prognostic value of a circadian BP profile in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Methods: We enrolled 114 NIDCM patients (76 males, mean age 53.1 years). The percent nighttime BP fall (%NBPF) was defined using ambulatory BP monitoring as a percent decrease in mean systolic BP in nighttime from daytime. All patients were divided into three groups: dipper (%NBPF ≥10), non-dipper (0 ≤ %NBPF < 10), and riser (%NBPF <0). Results: Riser patients had the highest serum creatinine levels (dipper, 0.78 ± 0.20 mg/dl; non-dipper, 0.85 ± 0.21 mg/dl; riser, 0.99 ± 0.23 mg/dl; p = 0.006). In survival analysis, riser patients had the highest cumulative cardiac-related deaths (log-rank, p = 0.001), which was an independent predictor of cardiac-related deaths (hazard ratio, 12.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.76-253; p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that the norepinephrine level at 24-hour collected urine (24 h U-NE) and the serum creatinine level were independent determinants of %NBPF (adjusted R2 = 0.20; 24 h U-NE, p = 0.0001; serum creatinine, p = 0.04). Conclusions: The riser profile was associated with poor prognosis of NIDCM, which may reflect impaired sympathetic nervous system activity. Evaluating the circadian BP profile may be useful for risk stratification in NIDCM patients.
Contribution of IVIM to Conventional Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced and Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Differentiating Benign from Malignant Breast Masses
Authors: Wang Qingjun , Guo Yong , Zhang Jing , Wang Zijun , Huang Minhua , Zhang Yun
Published: August 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the indicators obtained from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging can improve the characterization of benign and malignant breast masses compared with conventional dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Patients and Methods: This study included 23 benign and 31 malignant breast masses of 48 patients. Main indicators were initial enhancement ratio (IER), time-signal intensity curve (TIC), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), tissue diffusivity (D), pseudodiffusivity (D*), and perfusion fraction (f). The discriminative abilities of the different models were compared by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. Results: D had the highest AUC (0.980), sensitivity (93.55%), specificity (100%), and diagnostic accuracy (96.36%). Both D and TIC could provide the independent predicted features for malignant breast masses. The combination of D and TIC had an AUC of up to 0.990. Conclusion: D of IVIM can effectively complement existing conventional DCE-MRI and DW-MRI in differentiating malignant from benign breast masses. IVIM combined with DCE-MRI is a robust means of evaluating breast masses.
Anti-Tumor Effects of the Polysaccharide Isolated from Tarphochlamys Affinis in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Tang Xiaojun , Huang Jianchun , Xiong Hao , Zhang Keyuan , Chen Chunxia , Wei Xiaojie , Xu Xiaohui , Xie Qiuqiao , Huang Renbin
Published: August 2016

Background: The previous studies have demonstrated that the polysaccharide isolated from Tarphochlamys affinis (PTA) exhibits anti-tumor effect on S180 tumor-bearing mice and protective effects against hepatic injury. Methods: In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity and possible underlying mechanism of PTA on liver cancer using a murine H22 hepatocarcinoma model. Results: PTA was capable of repressing transplanted H22 solid hepatic tumor cell growth in vivo. The relative weight of immune organs (spleen and thymus) and lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS were improved after PTA treatment. Furthermore, treatment with PTA promoted immune-stimulating serum cytokine secretion in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells was increased in tumor-bearing mice following PTA administration. In tumor tissue, PTA significantly up-regulated the expression of Bax and p53 proteins and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, at the therapeutic dose, PTA displayed very few toxic effects to major organs, such as the liver and kidney, in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: In H22 tumor-bearing mice, PTA exhibited prominent anti-tumor activity in vivo. The possible mechanism of action might be related to enhanced host immune system function and induction of H22 tumor cell apoptosis.
Estimated Dietary Intakes of Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Infants and Young Children Living in Developing Countries
Authors: Forsyth Stewart , Gautier Sheila , Salem Jr. Norman
Published: August 2016

Background/Aims: There are only few data on dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake in infants from developing countries, and current global recommendations on intake during early life may not reflect the needs of the world's most vulnerable infants. The aim of the study was to provide estimates of intake of ARA and DHA in infants and young children aged 6-36 months who live in developing countries. Methods: FAO Food Balance Sheets and fatty acid composition data from Australian food composition tables were utilized to generate mean per capita intake estimates for DHA and ARA in developing countries. The median daily intake of DHA and ARA in children age 6-36 months in each country was determined by combining the fatty acid composition of breast milk and complementary foods with the estimated intakes being weighted according to median duration of any breastfeeding. Results: The median daily dietary intake for ARA and DHA across 76 developing countries was 64.0 and 48.9 mg/day, respectively. The lowest complementary food intake of ARA and DHA was present in countries with the lowest gross national income and highest birth rates. Conclusion: Global recommendations on ARA and DHA in early life need to reflect the specific needs of infants and families living in low income countries, and country-specific food policies should address gaps between recommended and achieved intakes.
Treatment of venous thromboembolism with rivaroxaban in relation to body weight
Authors: Vedovati Maria C. , Riera-Mestre Antoni , Prins Martin H. , Mueller Katharina , Cohen Alexander T. , Wells Philip S. , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Prandoni Paolo , Bounameaux Henri , Kubitza Dagmar , Schneider Jonas , Pisters Ron , Fedacko Jan , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Nisio Marcello Di
Published: August 2016

The pharmacokinetics of oral rivaroxaban are highly predictable and only affected to a limited extent by bodyweight; therefore, dose adjustments for bodyweight are not required. However, this raises concerns among physicians for potential under- or overdosing. This substudy of the randomised EINSTEIN DVT and EINSTEIN PE trials, which compared rivaroxaban with enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy, aimed to determine the incidence of major bleeding in patients with a low bodyweight and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a high bodyweight during rivaroxaban or enoxaparin/VKA therapy. More than 8,000 patients with objectively diagnosed deepvein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism were included. Adjusted hazard ratios for recurrent VTE and bleeding were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Analyses were performed for both the first 21 days of treatment and the whole treatment period. For rivaroxaban recipients, there was no association between bodyweight or body mass index (BMI) and risk of recurrent VTE (ptrend=0.87 and 0.62, respectively), major bleeding (ptrend=0.24 and 0.36, respectively) or clinically relevant bleeding (ptrend=0.17 and 0.63, respectively). Major bleeding events were numerically lower in rivaroxaban patients across all bodyweight and BMI categories. Hazard ratios for rivaroxaban vs enoxaparin/VKA were similar in all bodyweight and BMI categories, both during the first 21 days and the whole treatment period. The fixed-dose rivaroxaban regimen is not associated with an increased risk of major bleeding or recurrent VTE in patients with either a low or high bodyweight. A high BMI was not associated with an increased risk of recurrent VTE during anticoagulation.

Note: This study was presented at the 25th Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; June, 2015, Toronto, Canada. Trial registration: EINSTEIN DVT (NCT00440193), EINSTEIN PE (NCT00439777).
Sustentabilidade na arquitetura e o estudo dos compostos orgânicos voláteis emitidos por pisos vinílicos em residências
Authors: Chaves André Luiz de Oliveira , Sichieri Eduvaldo Paulo , Titato Guilherme Miola , Santos Neto Alvaro José dos , Lanças Fernando Mauro
Published: August 2016

O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisa que investigou sobre as emissões de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) por revestimentos vinílicos, aplicados em pisos, no ambiente interno de residências. Para isso, adotou-se uma metodologia, na qual foram analisadas amostras destes revestimentos por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrometria de massas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram COVs que podem ser liberados no ar como ésteres, éter glicólicos, alcanos, alcenos, alcoóis, cetonas e antioxidantes, os quais podem causar sintomas como irritações de pele, garganta e dificultar a respiração. Por fim, foram analisados os limites máximos de exposição à estas substâncias, segundo normas internacionais.
Lina Bo [Bardi] in Italy New research brings back Bo-Pagani’s forgotten designs for the staging of two events in the city of Milan during World War II
Authors: Catalano Sarah
Published: August 2016

This paper shows that the years Lina Bo Bardi spent in Italy deserve further examination. In fact, bibliographical and archival research, which should be carried out in Italy and also at Lina Bo and P.M. Bardi Institute, can still reveal previously unknown materials. Following this line of research, a careful analysis of the magazine Lo Stile nella casa e nell’arredamento has revealed two forgotten designs of temporary structures for political events in Milan by the architects Bo and Pagani from 1942.
Comportamento verbal: um contraponto pericial acerca da prova testemunhal e seu valor no âmbito jurídico penal/criminal
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo Mendes , Simonassi Lorismário Ernesto
Published: August 2016

Este artigo trata das questões do valor da prova testemunhal sob o foco da análise do comportamento verbal em correspondência com os comportamentos verbal e não verbal, na busca de elementos suficientes para sua validação ou não no plano jurídico penal/criminal. O objetivo da pesquisa é procurar entender se existem tais elementos e que valor probatório lhes poderia ser atribuído do ponto de vista prático nas audiências e nos tribunais de júri, uma vez que as provas médico-periciais nem sempre atendem adequadamente a esta necessidade. Assim, o encontro de tais subsídios jurídicos tenderia a minimizar os erros porventura cometidos nestas esferas da Justiça, o que, por si só, já reflete a relevância do tema. Para tanto, nos valemos de uma análise qualitativa, com base em pesquisas literárias, dissertativas, descritivas e exploratórias. Nossos principais referenciais teóricos foram o Código de Processo Penal e, no plano autoral, Skinner. Ao final, alcançamos a conclusão de que, por tratar-se de comportamento verbal sujeito à influência de variáveis diversas, não identificáveis e cujos controladores não são facilmente perceptíveis, a prova testemunhal não possui nenhuma base de concretude que lhe possa impor confiabilidade, exceto quando outras variáveis – a exemplo de contradições e/ou de provas materiais concretas – sejam encontradas.
Fatores de risco para estresse e transtornos mentais em farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia
Authors: Vilela Evandro C. S. , Soares Leonardo R. , Gusmão Alex S. de , Torres Rafael A. T. , Sá Eduardo C.
Published: August 2016

Introdução: Os transtornos mentais e o estresse relacionados ao trabalho podem ser provenientes de situações inerentes ao processo de trabalho e sua organização. Dentre os profissionais mais afetados estão aqueles que integram os serviços de saúde, envolvendo farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia. O papel do farmacêutico e, consequentemente, a assistência farmacêutica, sofreram profundas mudanças durante o século XX que culminaram em suas atuais atribuições que, associadas ao fato de estarem na interface entre a prescrição e a dispensação de medicamentos com a responsabilidade de diminuir riscos terapêuticos, envolvidos em questões de cunho legal e clínico/social, submetem diariamente os profissionais a fatores estressores. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco mais prevalentes para estresse e transtornos mentais relacionados ao trabalho em farmacêuticos e auxiliares de farmácia. Metodologia: Realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, utilizando os descritores “Farmacêuticos/ Auxiliares de farmácia” (“Pharmacist / Pharmacist’ Aides”), “Transtorno mental” (“Mental Disorders”), “Estresse” (“Stress”) e “Esgotamento profissional” (“Burnout”) nas bases de dados: PubMed, ScieLo, BVS e Science Direct. Resultados/Discussão: Foram encontrados doze artigos: sete abordavam fatores estressores relativos à profissão; cinco abordavam especificamente transtornos mentais. Dentre os primeiros, seis deles são de literatura internacional, sendo que o único artigo nacional é o de Bastos et al. (2010), que expressa possíveis fatores estressores após análise de uma série de entrevistas com farmacêuticos comunitários do Rio de Janeiro. Os transtornos de origem mental são abordados em estudos com alunos de graduação em farmácia (Hunt et al., 2013) que mostram casos de depressão e transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo relacionados a distúrbios do sono e anedonia. Conclusão: Os fatores mais prevalentes encontrados foram: extensa jornada de trabalho, número insuficiente de profissionais no ambiente laboral e diversas interrupções durante turno de trabalho.
Influence of Open Water Bodies on the Modeling of Summertime Convection over the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Joshi Deepti , Carrera Marco , Bélair Stephane , Leroyer Sylvie
Published: August 2016

There are numerous water features on the Canadian landscapes that are not monitored. Specifically, there are water bodies over the prairies and Canadian shield regions of North America that are ephemeral in nature and could have a significant influence on convective storm generation and local weather patterns through turbulent exchanges of sensible and latent heat between the land and the atmosphere. In this study a series of numerical experiments is performed with Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model at 2.5-km grid spacing to examine the sensitivity of the atmospheric boundary layer and the resulting precipitation to the presence of open water bodies. Operationally, the land–water fraction in GEM is specified by means of static geophysical databases that do not change with time. Uncertainty is introduced in this study into this land–water fraction and the sensitivity of the resulting precipitation is quantified for a convective precipitation event occurring over the Canadian Prairies in the summer of 2014. The results indicate that with an increase in open water bodies, accumulated precipitation, peak precipitation amounts, and intensities decrease. Moreover, shifts are seen in times of peak for both precipitation amounts and intensities, in the order of increasing wetness. Additionally, with an increase in open water bodies, convective available potential energy decreases and convective inhibition increases, indicating suppression of forcing for convective precipitation.
Explicit Forecasts of Low-Level Rotation from Convection-Allowing Models for Next-Day Tornado Prediction
Authors: Sobash Ryan A. , Romine Glen S. , Schwartz Craig S. , Gagne David J. , Weisman Morris L.
Published: August 2016

Three diagnostic fields were examined to assess their ability to act as surrogates for tornadoes in a convection-allowing ensemble system run during the spring of 2015. The diagnostics included midlevel (2–5 km AGL) updraft helicity (UH25), low-level (0–3 km AGL) updraft helicity (UH03), and low-level (1 km AGL) vertical relative vorticity (RVORT1). RVORT1 was used as a direct measure of low-level rotation strength. Each storm’s RVORT1 magnitude and near-storm environment properties were extracted from each hour’s forecasts using an object-based approach. The near-storm environments of storm objects with large magnitudes of RVORT1 were very similar to the environments identified as conducive for the development of tornadic supercells in previous proximity sounding-based studies (e.g., low lifted condensation levels and strong low-level shear). This motivated the use of RVORT1 as a direct surrogate for tornadoes, without the need to filter forecasts with environmental information. The relationship between UH25 and UH03 was also explored among the simulated storms; UH03 only exceeded UH25 in storms occurring within low-CAPE/high-shear environments, while UH03 rarely exceeded UH25 in traditional supercell environments. Next-day ensemble surrogate severe probability forecasts (E-SSPFs) for tornadoes were generated using these diagnostics for 92 forecasts, with thresholds based on the number of observed tornado reports. E-SSPFs for tornadoes using RVORT1 and UH03 were more skillful than E-SSPFs using UH25. The UH25 E-SSPFs possessed little skill, regardless of threshold or smoothing length scale. All E-SSPFs suffered from poor sharpness at skillful scales, with few forecast probabilities greater than 40%.
Occupational closure and wages in Norway
Authors: Bol Thijs , Drange Ida
Published: August 2016

Recent literature has pointed to occupational closure in order to explain wage inequality between occupations. The basic argument of occupational closure is that average occupational wages are higher in closed occupations because these occupations are better able to establish and maintain institutional barriers to access. In this study we analyse occupational closure and its wage effects in Norway by matching newly gathered occupational data on four different closure institutions (licensure, certifications, unionization, and educational credentials) to register data. The results show strong wage effects of licensure and unionization, net of occupational skill requirements. Our analyses furthermore show substantial differences in the returns to occupational closure across social classes: licensure is especially beneficial for higher classes, whereas unionization generates rents for lower classes, implying that occupational closure affects social inequality in Norway.
Tied to the Common Core
Authors: Liou Yi-Hwa
Published: August 2016

Purpose: Researchers and scholars have called for greater attention to collaboration among and between educational leaders in districtwide reform. This work underlines the important social aspect of such collaboration and further investigates the type of professional interaction among/between district and school leaders particularly around the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and characterizes such interaction by key factors. Research Method: The work takes place in one school district of more than 30 schools serving students from traditionally marginalized backgrounds. Descriptive statistics, multilevel social network modeling, and network sociograms are used to understand the characteristics of professional interactions around CCSS implementation among district and site leaders. Findings: The findings indicate similarities and differences in characteristics of leaders who likely seek CCSS advice and leaders who likely provide that CCSS advice. Leader self-efficacy in implementing the CCSS positively explains the likelihood of both seeking and providing advice behaviors, and yet other factors (organizational learning, leadership, job satisfaction, and CCSS beliefs) each makes different contributions to the likelihood of seeking and/or providing the CCSS advice. Conclusion and Implications: This work suggests a discrepancy of leaders’ perceptions between advice seekers and providers, signaling a need for closing the perception gap between advice seekers and providers such that the leadership team could better craft coherent norms of collaboration in instructional improvement. Understanding the “why” of CCSS advice ties may help guide leaders toward the “how” to align professional and social aspects of change.
Cellulose fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene composites—Mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Mulinari Daniella R , Voorwald Herman JC , Cioffi Maria OH , da Silva Maria LCP
Published: August 2016

In this investigation, the thermal and mechanical properties of cellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse reinforced with high density polyethylene composites were evaluated. Cellulose fibers were modified with hydrous Zr oxide to clean the fiber surface and improve the fibers–matrix adhesion. Composites were manufactured using a thermokinetic mixer process and the fiber content was responsible for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40wt% in the composition. The chemical modification of the cellulose fibers with zirconium oxide was verified by FTIR analysis and the fibers’ morphological aspects by SEM. After the chemical modification, the FTIR results showed reduction of OH bonds. SEM characterization showed that the modification changed the morphology of fibers. The results show that composites reinforced with modified cellulose fibers have an improvement in the thermal and mechanical properties, when compared to the non-cellulose fibers. In addition, an enhancement on the mechanical properties of composites was found, i.e. a gain of 122.4% compared to neat polymer at 40wt.% fiber loading in Young’s modulus. The thermal properties show a slight decrease with increase of modified cellulose.
Defect detection on patterned fabrics using texture periodicity and the coordinated clusters representation
Authors: Lizarraga-Morales Rocio A , Sanchez-Yanez Raul E , Baeza-Serrato Roberto
Published: August 2016

Patterned fabrics may be regarded as periodic textures, which are defined as the regular tessellation of a primitive unit. A patterned fabric is considered as defective when a primitive unit is different from the others. In this paper, we propose a one-class classifier that uses Reduced Coordinated Cluster Representation (RCCR) as features. In the training step, the size of the primitive unit of defect-free fabrics is automatically estimated using a texture periodicity algorithm. After that, the fabrics are split into samples of one unit and their local structure is learnt with the RCCR features in a one-class classifier. During the test step, defective and non-defective fabrics are also split into samples and are analyzed unit by unit. If the features of a given unit do not satisfy the classification criterion, it is considered to be a defect. Among the advantages of the RCCR is that it represents structural information of textures in a low-dimensional feature space with high discrimination performance. Results from experiments on an extensive database of real fabric images show that our method yields accurate detections, outperforming other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Domestic diversion: Selective targeting of minority out-groups
Authors: Klein Graig R. , Tokdemir Efe
Published: August 2016

Domestic political use of force is a strategy for political leaders to divert the public’s attention away from economic instability and rebuild political capital. But, diversionary incentives are not the only motivation; the targeted vulnerable minority’s capabilities are important. We analyze how the combination of diversionary incentive and out-group mobilization capabilities influences leaders’ decision-calculus. Embattled leaders make strategic decisions about both the target and the adequate severity of force to accomplish diversion without risking conflict escalation. We empirically test the resulting hypotheses using the Minorities at Risk dataset from 1998 to 2003 and find support for our expectations. Incentive alone does not determine domestic political use of force; the same incentive produces variance in the severity of force dependent on the targeted out-group’s mobilization capability. Governments match the severity of domestic force to political survival goals and the costs and risks of political use of force.
Unraveling the Effects of Residence in an Ethnic Enclave on Immigrants’ Travel Mode Choices
Authors: Shin Eun Jin
Published: August 2016

This article examines the relationship between immigrants’ residence in an ethnic enclave and use of alternative modes of transportation. Ethnic enclaves may offer stronger social networks, which may affect mode choice. Using the 2012–2013 California Household Travel Survey, I find that immigrants residing in ethnic enclaves have higher rates of household-external carpooling for nonwork trip purposes than immigrants residing outside ethnic enclaves. I find no difference in the rate of transit use, once built environment characteristics are taken into account. External carpools require arrangements between people in different households, and thus may reflect the social network effect of ethnic enclaves.
Considering Sound in Planning and Designing Public Spaces
Authors: Bild Edda , Coler Matt , Pfeffer Karin , Bertolini Luca
Published: August 2016

We critically review the literature on the relationship between users of public spaces and their auditory environments, and how this knowledge is integrated in the planning, design, and management of public spaces as well as in technologies for acoustic and spatial data collection, analysis, and communication. To address the gaps identified in the review, we propose an activity-centered framework as a conceptual tool developed to support the integration of different types of knowledge in incorporating sound and the auditory environment in the planning and design of public spaces, by focusing on the activities that users perform in these spaces.
Case Report of Sweet’s Syndrome Associated With Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Cinats Allison K. , Haber Richard M.
Published: August 2016

Autoimmune hepatitis is a subtle diagnosis that has many diverse clinical presentations. It has been reported in the literature to occur concomitantly with pyoderma gangrenosum, a neutrophilic dermatosis. Sweet’s syndrome is another neutrophilic dermatosis and has been reported to be associated with autoimmune hepatitis in only 2 previous cases: 1 idiopathic and 1 drug induced. Here we report a third case in a 24-year-old woman diagnosed with Sweet’s syndrome in association with autoimmune hepatitis, documenting a possible trend between neutrophilic dermatoses and autoimmune hepatitis. The patient presented with a history of fever and tender, erythematous plaques on her legs. Skin biopsy of a plaque confirmed histiocytoid Sweet’s syndrome. Initial laboratory investigations revealed elevated transaminases, and liver biopsy confirmed autoimmune hepatitis. This case suggests autoimmune hepatitis should be considered as an association when investigating a patient with Sweet’s syndrome.
Violence, addiction, recovery: An anthropological study of Mexico’s anexos
Authors: Garcia Angela , Anderson Brian
Published: August 2016

Informal, coercive residential centers for the treatment of addiction are widespread and growing throughout Latin America. In Mexico these centers are called “ anexos” and they are run and utilized by low-income individuals and families with problems related to drugs and alcohol. This article draws on findings from a 3-year anthropological study of anexos in Mexico City. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were used to describe and analyze anexos, their therapeutic practices, and residents’ own accounts of addiction and recovery. Our findings indicate that poverty, addiction, and drug-related violence have fueled the proliferation of anexos. They also suggest that anexos offer valuable health, social, and practical support, but risk exacerbating the suffering of residents through coercive rehabilitation techniques. Emphasizing this tension, this article considers the complex relationship between coercion and care, and poses fundamental questions about what drug recovery consists of in settings of poverty and violence.
Associations between daily musicking and health: Results from a nationwide survey in Denmark
Authors: Ekholm Ola , Juel Knud , Bonde Lars Ole
Published: August 2016

Aims: To examine the associations between singing/playing musical instruments daily and various outcomes such as health-related quality of life and health behaviour. Methods: Data originates from the Danish Health and Morbidity Survey 2013. The survey was based on a random sample of 25,000 adult Danes (response rate: 57%). Besides standard health-related questions the survey included eight specific music questions, based on a review of the sparse literature on music and health. On the same basis, ‘daily musicking’ was defined as normally singing/playing musical instruments at least 1 h/day. Results: Both musically active men and women were more likely to report good self-rated health than individuals that were not active musically. However, the results also indicated that musically active women were less likely to report poor physical and mental health than women who were not active musically, while this pattern was not found among men. Conclusions: Gender seems to play an important role in the association between musicking and health, but more research is needed to understand these differences and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the causal effects of musicking.
Late post-injection of biofuel blends in an optical diesel engine: Experimental and theoretical discussion on the inevitable wall-wetting effects on oil dilution
Authors: Hulkkonen Tuomo , Tilli Aki , Kaario Ossi , Ranta Olli , Sarjovaara Teemu , Vuorinen Ville , Larmi Martti , Lehto Kalle
Published: August 2016

In a diesel engine, diesel particulate filter is used to reduce particle matter emissions. Diesel particulate filter requires periodic regenerations under high-temperature conditions in the exhaust pipe in order to oxidize the accumulated soot. A common strategy to produce high exhaust gas temperature is to inject late post-injections after the main injection. However, this practice may dilute the engine oil, causing engine wear. Biofuel addition to petroleum diesel may increase oil dilution even more. This is related to the fuel spray characteristics, the post-injection control and the vaporization process of fuel in engine oil. In this study, spray properties of late post-injection were studied with petroleum diesel and two types of transport biofuel blends containing 30% either fatty acid methyl ester or hydro-treated vegetable oil. Three different late post-injection timings were investigated. Image sequences of the main spray flame as well as the non-combusting late post-injection spray were extracted. In order to verify oil dilution during regeneration cycle and late post-injection, oil samples from six-cylinder test engine were analyzed. According to the present experiments, differences in the spray characteristics are not significant with the tested fuels. However, higher oil dilution rates were observed with fuel blend composed of 30% fatty acid methyl ester. All the studied late post-injection timings were noted to lead to the unwanted cylinder spray/wall interaction and wall-wetting consequently diluting the engine oil. The spray/wall interaction is thoroughly explained by introducing a theoretical/computational framework which characterizes any spray/wall interaction in terms of a phase diagram for any considered operation conditions. The novelty of this study arises from (1) first comparison of fatty acid methyl ester and hydro-treated vegetable oil blends in an optical engine, (2) strong evidence on the phenomena related to post-injection phase in six-cylinder and single-cylinder optical engine configurations and (3) the development of a single-droplet model showing inevitable wall-wetting.
Increased renal apoptosis and reduced renin–angiotensin system in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Wang Yan P , Chen Xu , Zhang Zhi K , Cui Hong Y , Wang Peng , Wang Yue
Published: August 2016

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to characterize changes in apoptosis and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Materials and method:

Fetuses were collected from patients who visited our hospital to either terminate or abort their pregnancy. Kidneys of fetuses which suffered with FGR, ( n=11) at gestational age of 33.4±0.5 weeks and those from non-FGR ( n=12) at gestational age of 34.3±0.9 weeks were collected. TUNEL, Bax and Bcl-2 staining were examined. The number of nephrons was also counted. Both protein and mRNA levels of renin and angiotensinogen were analyzed. Ultrasound was applied to measure fetus parameters including biparietal diameter, head circumference, circumference of abdomen, and femur length.

Results:

The number of nephrons was positively correlated with fetal weight at termination. Kidneys in the FGR group presented more apoptotic cells than those in the non-FGR group. Renin and angiotensinogen both decreased in the FGR group. Ultrasound revealed that biparietal diameter, abdomen circumference, femur length, and birth weight were all reduced in the FGR group compared with the non-FGR group. Kidney size was also restricted in the FGR group as indicated by ultrasound.

Conclusion:

Renal apoptosis might contribute to the reduction of nephrons, and ultrasound plays a vital role in early diagnosis of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHAD).