bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurturing the Infant Soul: The Importance of Community and Memories in the Spiritual Formation of Young Children
Authors: Morgenthaler Shirley K. , Keiser Jeffrey B. , Larson Mimi L.
Published: March 2018

The idea by Tertullian that Christians are made and not born informs what the authors discovered as they explored the literature, uncovering better ways to nurture the souls of the church's youngest members. The entire community along with the Holy Spirit, serves to enculturate children into the faith, and these little ones are so precious to Jesus Christ that he reminds his followers that to enter the kingdom of God one must become like a little child. What emerged out of the literature is an intriguing association between two giants in the understanding of culture and human development: Lev Vygotsky and John Westerhoff. Connections between them include intersubjectivity and dialogical relationships; distancing and expanding faith; the genetic law of cultural development and enculturation; and private speech and learning. This article offers a perspective on nurturing infant souls for church practitioners based on these connections.
Harnessing the Power of Narrative: Literacy and Orality in Christian Education
Authors: Jagerson Jennifer
Published: March 2018

Mission organizations have begun developing oral strategies, primarily based on storytelling, to reach non- and semi-literate people groups. These strategies include the use of a number of innovative technologies. Their approach appears to be a powerful tool for Christian education. The rapid growth of digital media and the influence of postmodernism require significant adjustments in how the gospel is presented to the next generation in the West. The oral strategies developed for use in cross-cultural mission work may be applicable in Western contexts.
More than Silent Preaching: Didactic use of Wall Painting in the Middle Ages
Authors: Lawson Kevin E.
Published: March 2018

Various visual arts were used in churches throughout the Middle Ages to instruct and form the spiritual lives of those who worshiped in them. In an increasingly “post-literate” culture, what might we learn from the didactic use of the visual arts by the church in the medieval era that would strengthen our teaching today? This article focuses on wall painting, the most common form of visual art in medieval sanctuaries.
The Spanish Reformation and Christian Teaching: Timeless Educational Principles from Antonio Del Corro and Constantino Ponce De La Fuente
Authors: Esqueda Octavio Javier
Published: March 2018

In the Spanish Reformation, we find two excellent Spanish educators, Antonio del Corro and Constantino Ponce de la Fuente, who illustrate timeless principles for Christian teachers. In the middle of extensive persecution, they strived to serve the Lord and his people with the greatest dedication and passion. The Spanish Inquisition failed to erase the memory of these educators, and now Christian educators can imitate their exemplary educational integrity and commitment to Christian ministry.
Igniting the “Family Sacrifice”: Cotton Mather and Familial Christian Education in Puritan New England
Authors: Setran David
Published: March 2018

In his preaching and writing, Puritan pastor Cotton Mather compared family religion to a “family sacrifice.” This image anchored a vision of home nurture that highlighted both the offering of family spiritual practices and the offering of family members themselves as “living sacrifices” in their everyday lives. Mather's vision of sacrificial family faith formation resulted in an approach that was holy and grace-filled, personal and corporate, formal and informal, and strong and submissive.
The Role of Obedience in Child Faith Formation: Insights from the Teachings and Practices of John Wesley
Authors: Derr Colleen R.
Published: March 2018

This article explores Wesley's directive to “break the will” of the child in order to achieve obedience, which he saw as the foundation for faith formation, and offers implications of this directive for Christian education today. Wesley saw children as capable of experiencing the full grace of God and possessing the ability to grow in grace. Wesley also realized that a child's natural tendency was to seek his or her own way and please self. Wesley urged parents and ministers to break the will of the child and move the child from seeking after selfish desires to obedience. He suggested that obedience to the parent must first be achieved before a child could learn obedience to God and called for Christian education that resulted in obedience to be consistent, personal, mild, loving, and Spirit-led.
“Are Ye Able?” The Methodist Youth Department, Racial Justice, and Church Reform in Mid-Twentieth Century America
Authors: Bergler Thomas E.
Published: March 2018

Between 1930 and 1970, national Methodist youth leaders led a sustained liberal religious education campaign to mobilize young Methodists for racial justice. Ironically, by promising too much, liberal religious education theorists influenced Methodist youth leaders and young people to see themselves as failures, despite their many impressive successes. Their story further suggests that it was not just the rise of new intellectual movements or Christian education theories, but also disillusionment with the results produced by liberal religious education methods that drove changes in 20th-century Christian education.
Teaching both who and whose we are: Honoring Individuality and Connection
Authors: Pazmiño Robert W.
Published: March 2018

This article calls for balancing attention given to both who we are and whose we are in Christian teaching. Such a stance honors the individuality of persons and their connections to the Christian community and tradition. These are insights gained from writing an educational memoir with suggestions shared for memoir writing.
Book Reviews
Authors: Carr Jane
Published: March 2018

In this section 13 books are reviewed, presented in the following general order: children/family ministry, youth ministry, adult ministry, foundations, teaching-learning process, spirituality/spiritual formation, and leadership/administration—although reviews may not appear for each area. A list of each area and responsible editors appears after the last review in this section. We invite readers to consider reviewing a book for CEJ. Guidelines are available in downloadable documents at www.biola.edu/cej under Publications Policy on the drop down menu.
Meanings and Applications of Compassion in Teaching: A Practical Review of the Bible and Educational Literature
Authors: Gibson Alaster
Published: March 2018

Compassionate teaching is not new; however, the topic is receiving renewed interest as educators around the world endeavour to respond empathetically and practically to students' complex holistic needs. This review provides practical insights from the Bible and secular educational literature that will appeal to Christian teachers in a wide range of educational contexts including church-based ministries. One implication from this study is that teachers and leaders within church educational ministries and Christian schools might critically reflect on how authentically compassion is experienced within their communities. The report concludes by emphasizing that judicious and relational expressions of compassion can have a transformational effect in people's behavior and learning, supporting the injunction in Jude 1:22: “and of some have compassion, making a difference” (KJV).
Examining the Formal Education of Children's Ministers in the United States: Suggestions for Professional Development, Christian Education, and Emerging Research
Authors: Crosby Robert G.
Published: March 2018

There is currently no empirically supported consensus on what children's ministers need to know in order to effectively serve the children in their local congregations. To shed light on this question, this paper presents a qualitative content analysis of undergraduate children's ministry degree programs in the United States (N = 30). Findings revealed a strong emphasis on theology and general ministry preparation, with most programs drawing from the related academic disciplines of psychology and education. Children's ministry specific courses included philosophical, programming, and administrative topics. Commonly assigned textbooks included both philosophical and practical content. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Born Again, Again: Conversion in Christian Families as a Process Punctuated by Grace
Authors: Tighe Steven
Published: March 2018

This is an examination of the experience of adolescent conversion, with particular attention to teenagers who report having made multiple commitments to Christ. Conversion of these teenagers is seen as a long process containing multiple spiritually significant commitment events. The aspects of faith that James Fowler measures to mark the transition from his mythic/literal stage to the synthetic/conventional stage are used as a framework to understand the perceived need of these teenagers to make what appear to be multiple commitments to Christ.
Storymakers: A Holistic Approach to Bible Reading and Study
Authors: Smallbones Jackie L.
Published: March 2018

In an attempt to encourage the retelling of Bible stories and holistically engaging Scripture, I developed an approach I call Storymakers. It is an approach to reading and engaging Scripture that is both simple and profound, that pays attention to the text and also one's personal story. Because of its simplicity, participants have little difficulty in learning and practicing it. In this article, I explain the foundational elements that underpin Storymakers and give a description of its actual practice through its five movements.
Intercultural Team Teaching as a Pedagogical Model for Intercultural Collaboration in Global Theological Education
Authors: Kim Hae-Won
Published: March 2018

The concept of team teaching is not new, but based on her qualitative research findings the author has conceptualized intercultural team teaching in the field of theological education and its implications for global theological education. This article introduces the model that emerged from a bilingual qualitative case study exploring the contextual appropriateness of a graduate theological program in Korean at a North American theological school. How does teaching and learning happen across languages and cultures in the theological classroom? By design, intercultural team teaching can be a pedagogical model for intercultural collaboration in global theological education.
An Invitation to a Dialogue Table: Will you Come and Join Us?
Authors: Colwill Deborah
Published: March 2018

In a learning community, the skilled use of dialogue as a mode of communication has the potential to nurture student growth, encourage authentic relationship development, and open new vistas of thought and action. Leaning on seminal authors such as Bohm, Buber, Freire, and Isaacs, the focus of this article is to explore the process, practices, purpose, people, produce, and potential of dialogue, highlighting implications for educational ministry in the classroom and beyond.
Facilitated Agency: A Promising Pedagogy
Authors: Guthrie Donald C.
Published: March 2018

This article outlines a pedagogical approach named facilitated agency with a focus on its relational and learning process aspects. This overview will include the approach's biblical foundations, core values, and basic structure. Following a brief literature review, key findings from 13 focus groups regarding participant experience of facilitated agency will be presented. Finally, emerging implications for teaching and learning practice will be discussed.
AN Evaluation of a Discipleship Process Addressing Christians' Inner Life Issues
Authors: Lang James A.
Published: March 2018

Many Christians face blockages in their quest for spiritual maturity that retard that process. These can be spiritual, emotional, and/or psychological in nature. This article reports on a mixed-methods research study evaluating the effectiveness of the transformational learning resulting from a discipleship process called “the Immersion Experience” by Aphesis Group Ministries. This ministry and process seek to “take the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the innermost parts of the human heart.” The theoretical framework of this study was drawn from Mezirow's Transformative Learning Theory, Argyris and Schon's double-loop learning, and Kegan and Lahey's Immunity to Change.
Whole-Person Formation: An Integrative Approach to Christian Education
Authors: Chandler Diane J.
Published: March 2018

This article introduces a comprehensive Christian formation model, drawing from the Genesis narrative of being created in the imago Dei (image of God) through godly love. Applicable in the Christian academy, church, and ministry contexts, this approach incorporates seven dimensions (i.e., spirit, emotions, relationships, intellect, vocation, physical health, and resource stewardship, referring to how believers handle the earth, money, and possessions). Ethical living stands as an outcome of integrated growth across these dimensions and as the vehicle to love and serve God and others. Christian educators are encouraged to apply this approach in their various contexts to foster holistic transformation.
Gaines S. Dobbins and Scientific Management Theory in 20TH Century Church Education
Authors: Gunter Nathan H.
Published: March 2018

Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management Theory became a topic of focus in church education circles early in the 20th century. Gaines S. Dobbins in particular embraced and extended the principles of scientific management and efficiency at that time. This article contends that his application of these principles to church education effectively redirected the emphasis of church educational ministries to an unbalanced focus on systems and measurements. Analysis of his earlier formative works reveals a contradiction between Dobbins's sound theological views and the practical ministry applications he developed through adoption of scientific management principles.
Interdisciplinary Education within Biblical Theology: A Scriptural-Philosophical-Educational-Practical Overview
Authors: Eckel Mark
Published: March 2018

Universal truths found throughout the disciplines need to be taught through a biblical mindset. Christian interdisciplinarity hinges on the doctrine of coherence “by Him are all things held together” (Col 1:17). Framed within the boundaries of biblical theology, interdisciplinarity honors God-given reason under the rule of Divine revelation. Christian education, thoroughly permeated by biblical thinking, creates the possibility for transformational outcomes, essential questions, interactive methods, interrelational collaboration, and imaginative projects. Examples of interdisciplinarity include syllabi objectives, class creation, film discussion, crosscurrents between literature with science, as well as how economics intersects with poverty. A final diagram gives a visual implication for history, creativity, assessment, collaboration, coherence, and legacy.
Developing Discipleship Curriculum: Applying the Systems Approach Model for Designing Instruction by Dick, Carey, and Carey to the Construction of Church Discipleship Courses
Authors: Burggraff Andrew
Published: March 2018

Discipleship is the process of learning the Scriptures, internalizing them to shape one's belief system, and then applying them to change one's life. It is the church's role to be actively involved in following the command given in the Great Commission (Matt 28:19–20), but contemporary research related to discipleship has revealed several concerns that the 21st-century church must acknowledge as it seeks to disciple believers. Today, more than ever, it is essential that the church develop curriculum that accurately and systematically teaches believers how to be a true disciple of Christ. To do so, church leaders must understand the process to develop and accurately design discipleship curriculum for the church. This article provides the rationale and importance for developing theologically sound discipleship curriculum by applying the 10-step model of Dick, Carey, and Carey's Systems Approach Model for designing instruction to 21st-century church contexts.
How Would it Play in Peoria?: Presenting Current Curriculum and Instruction andragogy to Theological Educators in Santiago, CUBA
Authors: Coley Kenneth S.
Published: March 2018

Having a rare opportunity to conduct staff development training in the area of curriculum and instructional design with theological educators in Santiago, Cuba, the researcher examined the participants' attitudes and perceptions to a variety of active learning techniques. The research design included a mixed-method approach including observations, an open-ended survey, and a Likert-scale questionnaire. The Cuban educators indicated positive reactions to all the instructional methods and indicated plans to include these techniques in their curriculum in the future.
Curriculum Design and Social Media: 140 Characters at a Time
Authors: Blevins Dean G.
Published: March 2018

Social media presents both challenges and opportunities regarding education and professional development in Christian ministry within and beyond the classroom. Ministers, like those in other professional fields, must manage their digital footprint to avoid costly mistakes. Similarly, Christian educators may find themselves establishing guidelines to protect the safety of students and professional practice due to unwanted social media use. In the face of the challenges, social media may still offer creative options, harnessing selective attention often attributed to multitasking. Case studies highlight the possible steps Christian educators may use to respond proactively with social media in the classroom.
Assessing the “Buzz” about Mirror Neurons: A Modest Theological Critique
Authors: Busby Daryl
Published: March 2018

Mirror neurons provide a case study for grappling with the role that neuroscience can play in the integrative work of Christian educators. Drawing upon previous efforts to integrate Christian education and selected sciences, the article offers some advice when engaging with this new field. Also, using the image of a movie with various roles, the article offers theological reflections for addressing possible integration between neuroscience and the biblical text. The article also suggests practical applications for the classroom
Parenting that Reflects the Character of GOD
Authors: Shaw Perry W. H.
Published: March 2018

Children's initial understandings of God are profoundly shaped by their relationships with their earthly parents. Quality Christian parenting will strive to reflect the character of God as a key element in nurturing the child's emerging relationship with God. Through providing unconditional love with clear boundaries we lay a foundation for children to experience the love and holiness of God.
Equipping Minds for Christian Education: Learning from Neuroscience for Christian Educators
Authors: Brown Carol T.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this article is to use the discoveries in neuroscience and the theories, programs, and research of Dr. Reuven Feuerstein to bring hope to parents, Christian educators, and interventionists of learners with neurodevelopmental learning disorders (NLD): autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorder, intellectual disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder), communication disorders, and motor disorders. For sake of privacy, the name used in the case study is a pseudonym.
A Call for Financial Training to Help Ministry Students Manage Personal Finances
Authors: Keehn Dave
Published: March 2018

The “debt as investment” approach to education has increased the school loan rates for undergraduate students. This article looks at the true cost of school debt and calls for Christian institutions of higher education to take an active role in providing financial training for ministry students. A financial management curriculum outline of three 90–minute sessions is provided to facilitate financial training for ministry students to make debt choices for an education that will both enable graduation and secure sufficient income within his or her vocation.
Christian College Students and Emerging Adulthood: Exploring or Lost?
Authors: Bird Steven
Published: March 2018

Students in college today are experiencing a life stage—emerging adulthood—that previous generations did not experience. Society has not provided clear social expectations and boundaries on this life stage yet. This has led to two different research-based characterizations of the reality students are experiencing: a time of exploration and opportunities (Arnett, 2004) and a time of lostness and struggle (Smith, Christoffersen, Davidson, & Herzog, 2011). This research uses data from 6,074 students at 22 Christian colleges to determine which of these descriptions better characterizes their experiences of emerging adulthood and what role different kinds of religiosity play in those experiences. Generally, students at Christian colleges find emerging adulthood to be a time of exploration and opportunity, and not a time of being lost and disconnected. Religiosity (measured in seven different ways) consistently is associated with decreased lostness, has no effect on exploration, and is associated with an increased perception of opportunity.
The Grace of God and Faithful Christian Education: Comparing the Synod of Dort and John Calvin on Depravity and Addressing the Problem of the Corruption of the Mind
Authors: Hancock Andrew T.
Published: March 2018

This article examines how the Synod of Dort further developed John Calvin's ideas on the human depravity of the mind. The Synod of Dort carried forward Calvin's teachings by explaining human depravity in more measured terms and by using more nuanced descriptions of the depraved mind. Though the corruption of the human mind affected humanity's ability to properly learn spiritual truth, the Synod of Dort believed that the grace of God and faithful Christian education could overcome the problem. Dort understood that effective Christian education in homes, schools, and churches would lead to greater theological unity resulting in peace throughout the Netherlands in the early 17th century.
Guest Editorial the Interactive Dance of Missions and Christian Education
Authors: Yount Rick
Published: March 2018

Missions and Christian education exist as isolated academic and ministerial siloes. In this article, a mutually-supportive perspective - an interactive dance - is presented as an analogy of the inherent connectedness of Missions and Christian education. This interactive dance is illustrated here through personal experiences and published resources, and throughout this Issue in divergent and profound ways.
The Unprecedented Educational Challenge: “… Make Disciples of all Nations …”
Authors: Lawson Michael S.
Published: March 2018

This article summons Christian Educators to personally engage in Jesus' worldwide discipling enterprise - “teaching them to observe all things I have commanded you.” The interactive dance of Missions and Christian Education is underscored through a CE lens by way of personal mission experiences, practical advice, specific links to electronic resources, and “lessons learned” by this world-traveling Christian educator. This provocative overview stands as a fitting capstone to this Special Issue.
Equipping the deaf Worldwide
Authors: Sauter Mark D.
Published: March 2018

Equipping the Deaf Worldwide” describes recent efforts to apply the principles of indigenous church planting to the evangelization and equipping of Deaf people, and the organization of Deaf churches, throughout the world. This article underscores the Deaf as a language group, “oral learners,” bound together by common cultural bonds, capable of sharing the Gospel, planting churches, and developing leaders within the context of deafness. “As you sent me into the world, I have sent them into the world” John 17:18, NIV).
Decentralized Theological Education in Europe
Authors: Ritchey Jeff
Published: March 2018

Decentralized Theological Education in Europe” describes tangible steps taken by missionaries to train and mentor “indigenous leaders who train and mentor others” through the Decentralized Theological Education (DTE) program in Europe. They prayed that God would empower this tool for the multiplication of churches and the development of indigenous leadership throughout Europe. “And we have been privileged to see Him do just that, to his glory.
Effective Ways of Using Social Media: An Investigation of Christian Churches in South Australia
Authors: Lim Audrey
Published: March 2018

Our society is changing the manner in which it communicates. The Internet has catapulted us to a new way of life. Social media has changed the way we communicate. We are creating online communities to share our thoughts and lives. This research investigates effective ways of using social media, particularly Facebook. A sample of the 37 churches represented by the Australian Christian Churches movement in South Australia is utilized. The churches' Facebook posts are classified to determine their purposes, and Facebook metrics are measured to determine the effectiveness of these posts.
Fatherlessness: Implications for God's Word, Church, and World
Authors: Lamb Gregory E.
Published: March 2018

The implications of fatherless families—be they single-mother households, same-sex marriages, or matriarchal cultures—has too often been a neglected (perhaps avoided) topic within the context of the local church. Consequently, there is a cacophony of secular voices competing for our attention. Some of these voices argue that the role of “male” fatherhood is superfluous; however, this essay will argue that fatherlessness is, indeed, a pervasive problem. Fatherlessness, an epidemic arising primarily from two root causes in the Western world: divorce-on-demand and unwed pregnancies, has severe implications regarding God's word, church, and world.
The Role of Grandparents in Shaping Faith Formation of Grandchildren: A Case Study
Authors: Deprez Matthew Donald
Published: March 2018

Research has long suggested that the relationship between a grandparent and grandchild is one of the most critical and important relationships one will ever experience. Because of the importance of the grandparent-grandchild relationship, this article seeks to find how grandparents shape the faith formation of their grandchild, particularly looking at whether or not geographic proximity is a factor in their faith formation. We will begin by defining our problem statement and introductory thoughts, then move into a literature review synthesizing the findings from various research, articles, books, and publications that describe how grandparents shape the faith formation of their grandchild. Finally, we will examine the data analysis and results of our research before offering practical conclusions for grandparents and the church.
Discoveries Made while Reconnecting God's Story to Scripture and Service
Authors: Steffen Tom
Published: March 2018

Story was much more nuanced than I had ever anticipated. Cross-cultural experience drove home the need to identify and define the various nuances of story. This resulted in a three-tier classification of stories. I then reevaluated the role of narrative and metanarrative as well. Will these classifications eliminate noise in communication? Certainly not, but they will definitely help Christian teachers maximize clarity, thereby facilitating authentic transformation as individuals find their place in God's story.
Connecting Spiritual Formation and Adult Learning Theory: An Examination of Common Principles
Authors: Beard Christopher B.
Published: March 2018

In the realm of Christian education, the topic of adult spiritual formation has been broadly considered from the philosophical, theological, and practical viewpoints in order to aid spiritual formation practitioners in the design and execution of spiritual formation endeavors. Paralleling this body of literature is the vast topic of adult learning theory, examining the various ways adults learn. While the two disciplines seem to have potential commonalities, few works overtly identify them. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate connections between principles of spiritual formation and principles of adult learning theory found in the literature that have not previously been articulated, focusing on missional spiritual formation and the adult learning theories of andragogy and transformative learning.
A Philosophy of Disciple-Centered Leadership
Authors: Lemke Dale L.
Published: March 2018

Disciple-centered leadership is a philosophical approach to ministry training based on the idea that disciples possess assets that are critical to the teaching-learning relationship. After defining the construct, this article proceeds to relate it to the educational literature on learner-centered leadership. Paulo Freire's work and Roland Allen's work are then examined from an inter-disciplinary perspective in order to discuss key ideas relevant to disciple-centered leadership. The article concludes by examining this philosophy in light of the equipping responsibility of ministry leaders.
An Educational Ministry Model for Korean Immigrant Churches Based on Frankena's Philosophy of Education
Authors: Pyun Linda
Published: March 2018

Many Korean immigrant churches recognize the importance of educational ministry in raising the next generation in faith. However, most of them do not have a culturally appropriate philosophy of educational ministry that considers the distinct Korean-American context. With an intention to help education pastors understand the cultural specificities of Korean immigrant churches and to connect those cultural characteristics with educational practices, the author has provided an educational ministry model for Korean immigrant churches based on Frankena's philosophy of education. Emphasis was placed on the specific contexts of Korean-American immigrant churches and the practical strategies for educational ministry within these churches.
Between Text and Context: Practical Theology and the Ministry of Equipping
Authors: Espinoza Benjamin D.
Published: March 2018

Equipping the saints for ministry is a primary work of the local church. However, the task of constructing equipping ministries requires theological and contextual reflection. This article argues that as theological educators, we must teach our students to exercise practical theological methods in order to develop an effective ministry of equipping. The article will first explore the underpinnings of practical theology, culminating in a closer look at the model posited by Richard Osmer. Engaging Osmer's model, the article will engage a case study to show how practical theology aids the congregational leader in formulating theologically faithful and contextually relevant equipping ministries.
The 4D-R Method of Imagining the Future, Part 2: Considerations on Design, Development, and Use
Authors: Herr Meryl
Published: March 2018

To fill a methodological gap in vocational discipleship methods, the author developed the 4D-R method for vocational discipleship. The author then embedded the 4D-R method in a reflective journal and conducted a qualitative study to understand adult evangelical Christians' experience with the 4D-R method. This article presents findings related to the design, development, and use of the 4D-R method.
“They Lacked the Right Food”: A Brief History of Breastfeeding and the Quest for Social Justice
Authors: Wolf Jacqueline H.
Published: March 2018

In the late 19th-century United States and Europe, infants died at high rates from diarrhea. Physicians and social justice advocates responded to the public health crisis with attempts to clean up the water and cows’ milk supplies, as well as social welfare legislation and assorted educational efforts to help mothers better care for their children. Most visible among the educational efforts were breastfeeding campaigns. A century later in developing countries, physicians and activists were confronted with a similar problem—infants dying from diarrhea due to the unethical advertising and marketing practices of formula companies. I argue in this article that crusades for social justice at the most basic level—to ensure that children will live to adulthood—have long been connected with efforts to safeguard mothers’ ability to adequately breastfeed their children.
Collisions: History, home and storytelling
Authors: Shields Tanya L.
Published: March 2018

Home is a central and contested emotional, imagined and physical location that is meaningful for every person. Using personal narratives and scholarly essays, this special issue works through the negotiations of history and belonging with topics from sexuality, immigrant status, ethnicity, and religion to class. The volume features personal reflections by Évelyne Trouillot, Lisa Outar, and Isis Semaj-Hall and critical essays by April Shemak, Lyneise Williams, Belinda Deneen Wallace, and Tanya L. Shields. Each contributor considers the implications of complicated homes, identities, and geographies—particularly the Caribbean and US South—and provides new shadings on this always relevant issue by juxtaposing the personal and the academic.
Hell and grace: Palimpsestic belonging in The True History of Paradise and Crossing the Mangrove
Authors: Shields Tanya L.
Published: March 2018

The Caribbean has been characterized as paradise, yet the region’s story is a more complicated one. A means of accessing stories that move beyond the tourist brochure representations is to engage with regional fiction. This essay employs the idea of palimpsestic belonging, which highlights the layers of each generation’s negotiation with colonial legacies, as a tool to explore familial and community attachment in the novels The True History of Paradise (1999) and Crossing the Mangrove (1995). Burial rituals and haunting are mechanisms to engage with the multiple disruptions of an imaginary and unified postcolonial nation. By highlighting the collisions of history, gender, sexuality, and class, these novels navigate national (un)belonging in two distinct Caribbean spaces—Jamaica and Guadeloupe.
Strengthening the strategic capacity of public universities: The role of internal governance models
Authors: Frølich Nicoline , Christensen Tom , Stensaker Bjørn
Published: March 2018

Governments in Europe have emphasized the development of more autonomous public universities over the last couple of decades. Often, the aim of these reform policies has been to stimulate to a more competitive and agile higher education sector, where increased formal autonomy is perceived as a key condition to strengthen the strategic capacity of universities. These reforms have resulted in considerable shifts in the internal governance models of some universities, while others have kept their traditional governance models. In this article, instrumental and cultural perspectives derived from organizational theory are used as lenses to compare how universities with different internal governance models organize and structure their strategic development processes. Our findings suggest that internal governance models have little impact on the design and organization of strategic processes. In conclusion, it is argued that changes in internal governance arrangements alone are not enough to drive transformation in higher education institutions, and the issue of formal institutional autonomy is intimately linked to how various policy instruments at the system level are designed and coordinated.
A brush-based thermo-physical tyre model and its effectiveness in handling simulation of a Formula SAE vehicle
Authors: Ozerem Ozdemir , Morrey Denise
Published: March 2018

The ability to model tyre dynamics precisely is often one of the most critical elements for realistic vehicle dynamics control and handling investigations. The industry-standard empirical models are able to predict the important tyre forces accurately over a short range of vehicle operating conditions, which is often restricted to the operating conditions experienced during the tyre testing process. In this paper, an alternative and practical method to model Formula SAE tyres has been proposed and studied in a series of possible running scenarios. A simple, analytically solved brush-type tyre model is considered for the physical part with the introduction of a novel approach for defining the contact length formulation that incorporates the influence of inflation pressure, camber angle and velocity, while a set of ordinary differential equations are employed to predict the thermal behaviour of the tyre model, which are mostly based on an already-existing method that has not been experimentally validated before. The resulting tyre models provide realistic and informative behaviour of the tyre, which has the ability to consider the majority of the typical operating conditions experienced on a Formula SAE vehicle. The performance of the proposed tyre models is compared against experimental tyre test data, which shows good agreement and indicates that the tyre models have the ability to give realistic predictions of the tyre forces and thermal behaviour in the case of thermal tyre model. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent tyre model has been incorporated into a two-track model of Oxford Brookes Racing’s Formula SAE vehicle to study the effectiveness of the tyre model during transient handling simulation. The resulting simulations suggest that the proposed tyre model has the ability to represent realistic operating conditions of tyres, and also that tyre temperatures influence the vehicle dynamic behaviour significantly during on-limit scenarios.
Control for four-wheel independently driven electric vehicles to improve steering performance using H∞ and Moore–Penrose theory
Authors: Liang Zhongchao , Wang Yongfu , Chen (Shen) Gang
Published: March 2018

Electric vehicles have the potential to reduce oil dependency and decrease emissions. Electric vehicles with four-wheel independent drive have become a promising vehicle architecture. The yaw moment control has been widely applied to improve the performance of four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles. This study develops a new ideal vehicle model as a reference, which has a logarithmic functional relationship between wheel cornering stiffness and the controlled electric vehicles. A control method based on H∞ theory and Moore–Penrose inverses property is used to produce the optimal yaw moment to match the ideal vehicle model. The simulation results show that the yaw speed of the controlled electric vehicles increases with lower speed, and the yaw speed and slip angle decrease with a higher speed. The steering performance is efficiently improved when the four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles can accurately match the ideal vehicle model.
Tribological behaviour of microalloyed and conventional C–Mn rail steels in a pure sliding condition
Authors: Viesca JL , González-Cachón S , García A , González R , Hernández Battez A
Published: March 2018

This paper compares the tribological behaviour of microalloyed rail steel with conventional C–Mn rail steel under different test conditions (load, temperature and humidity). Pin-on-disc tribological tests were performed inside a climate chamber under different loads (20, 30 and 40 N), relative humidity (15, 55 and 70%) and temperatures (20 and 40 ℃). After the friction and wear tests, the worn surfaces were analysed using both confocal and scanning electron microscopies. The results obtained show that the use of microalloyed steel in railway applications under severe conditions (high loads and humidity) could lead to increased service life of the rails and could extend the time between maintenance operations.
Quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode control-based fault-tolerant control for hypersonic flight vehicle via neural network observer
Authors: Cheng Zian , Chen Fuyang , Niu Juan
Published: March 2018

In this study, a quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode control approach is presented for the longitudinal model of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle with parametric uncertainties and actuator faults. The quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode controller is designed to track the responses of the normal system to guarantee the velocity and altitude track the reference trajectories rapidly. An improved measure by increasing the relative degree of the quasi-continuous high-order sliding mode is introduced to eliminate the effects on outputs caused by chattering and parametric uncertainties. In view of actuator coupling, an equivalent canonical model is formulated through feedback linearization to accelerate the faults estimation for the actuator faults system. A neural network observer is then utilized to online estimate the unknown faults. This observer can be applied to highly nonlinear system without any prior knowledge of system dynamics as it uses a nonlinear-in-parameters neural network. Meanwhile, the stability and convergence of the faults system is proved theoretically. Simulation results are presented to testify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.
Persuasion, Emotion, and Language: The Intent to Persuade Transforms Language via Emotionality
Authors: Rocklage Matthew D. , Rucker Derek D. , Nordgren Loran F.
Published: March 2018

Persuasion is a foundational topic within psychology, in which researchers have long investigated effective versus ineffective means to change other people’s minds. Yet little is known about how individuals’ communications are shaped by the intent to persuade others. This research examined the possibility that people possess a learned association between emotion and persuasion that spontaneously shifts their language toward more emotional appeals, even when such appeals may be suboptimal. We used a novel quantitative linguistic approach in conjunction with controlled laboratory experiments and real-world data. This work revealed that the intent to persuade other people spontaneously increases the emotionality of individuals’ appeals via the words they use. Furthermore, in a preregistered experiment, the association between emotion and persuasion appeared sufficiently strong that people persisted in the use of more emotional appeals even when such appeals might backfire. Finally, direct evidence was provided for an association in memory between persuasion and emotionality.
Results of the International Wet Steam Modeling Project
Authors: Starzmann Jörg , Hughes Fiona R , Schuster Sebastian , White Alexander J , Halama Jan , Hric Vladimir , Kolovratník Michal , Lee Hoon , Sova Libor , Št’astný Miroslav , Grübel Marius , Schatz Markus , Vogt Damian M , Patel Yogini , Patel Giteshkumar , Turunen-Saaresti Teemu , Gribin Vladimir , Tishchenko Victor , Gavrilov Ilya , Kim Changhyun , Baek Jehyun , Wu Xiaoming , Yang Jiandao , Dykas Sławomir , Wróblewski Włodzimierz , Yamamoto Satoru , Feng Zhenping , Li Liang
Published: March 2018

The purpose of the “International Wet Steam Modeling Project” is to review the ability of computational methods to predict condensing steam flows. The results of numerous wet-steam methods are compared with each other and with experimental data for several nozzle test cases. The spread of computed results is quite noticeable and the present paper endeavours to explain some of the reasons for this. Generally, however, the results confirm that reasonable agreement with experiment is obtained by using classical homogeneous nucleation theory corrected for non-isothermal effects, combined with Young’s droplet growth model. Some calibration of the latter is however required. The equation of state is also shown to have a significant impact on the location of the Wilson point, thus adding to the uncertainty surrounding the condensation theory.

With respect to the validation of wet-steam models it is shown that some of the commonly used nozzle test cases have design deficiencies which are particularly apparent in the context of two- and three-dimensional computations. In particular, it is difficult to separate out condensation phenomena from boundary layer effects unless the nozzle geometry is carefully designed to provide near-one-dimensional flow.
Freedom of movement, social rights and residence-based conditionality in the European Union
Authors: Bruzelius Cecilia
Published: March 2018

This article stresses the need to study how European Union (EU) member states define and implement the concept of habitual residence to assess boundaries of welfare in the EU. It focuses specifically on EU migrant citizens’ social rights and draws on comparative qualitative research on two EU member states – Germany and Sweden. The article first clarifies the differences between legal and habitual residence, and distinguishes between legal definitions of habitual residence and administrative formalities tied to such definitions. After examining legal definitions at the EU level, it goes on to consider additional definitions found in each member state case and administrative formalities attached to these definitions. Following this, implications for EU migrant citizens’ social rights in each country are assessed. The analysis reveals how administrative processes of residence registration shape conditionality. In this way, administrative aspects of habitual residence can have far-reaching exclusive effects on EU migrant citizens’ access to social benefits and services in the destination member state, as well as inhibit their ability to enjoy their right to freedom of movement. The article thus illustrates the inherent tension between free movement and residence-based social rights in a Union with devolved social provision.
Linear parameter-varying systems identification with slowly sampled outputs subjected to unknown time-delays and outliers
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Xianqiang , Guo Feng
Published: March 2018

This article proposes a robust global identification approach for nonlinear systems with slowly sampled outputs subjected to unknown time-delays. The inputs of the system are fast-rate sampled while the informative outputs are uniformly sampled at a slow rate. In practical industries, the outlier and output time-delays are commonly encountered and they are both considered in this work. To eliminate the impact brought by the outliers, the robust linear parameter-varying finite impulse response observation model based on the Laplace distribution is established. The unknown time-delay is treated as a random integer at each sampling moment which follows the uniform distribution with the boundary known a priori. The proposed robust approach is derived in the expectation-maximization algorithm scheme and the formulas to iteratively update the model parameters, the scale parameter and the random output time-delays are derived, respectively. The unmeasurable noise-free fast-rate sampled outputs are estimated by simulating the identified model. A numerical example, the mass-spring-damper system and the two-link robotic manipulator are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
‘The Cross, naturally’: Decorations in the Belgian Army and their effect on emotions, behaviour and the self, 1914–1918
Authors: Spijkerman Rose
Published: March 2018

During the First World War, many soldiers in the Belgian Army were endowed with a decoration, in order to inspire, motivate, and reward desirable conduct. The relationship between decorations and the soldier’s self-consciousness, his behaviour and his emotions, is present in every aspect of decorating, as it emphasized his self-esteem, pride, and character. By analysing the material aspects of decorations, the ceremonies surrounding their bestowal, and the textual motivation for doing so, this article explores the functions and effects of decorating, the evaluation of behaviour and self-conscious emotions by both Army Command and soldiers.