bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in space weather research for cosmic radiation dosimetry
Authors: Sato T.
Published: August 2020

The radiation environment in space is a complex mixture of particles of solar and galactic origin with a broad range of energies. In astronaut dose estimation, three sources must be considered: galactic cosmic radiation, trapped particles, and solar energetic particles (SEPs). The astronaut dose due to SEP exposure during a space mission is more difficult to estimate than the other components because the occurrence of a large solar particle event cannot be predicted by the current space weather research. Thus, several models have been proposed to estimate the worst-case scenario and/or the probability of the integral SEP fluence during a particular space mission, considering the confidence level, solar activity, and duration of the mission. In addition, recent investigations of the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in tree rings and ice cores have revealed that the sun can cause solar particle events much larger than the largest event recorded in the modern solar observations. If such an extreme event occurs during a mission to deep space, astronauts may suffer from radiation doses in excess of the threshold value for some tissue reactions (0.5 Gy) and their career limit (0.6–1.2 Sv). This article reviews the recent progress made in space weather research that is useful for cosmic radiation dosimetry.
Conditioned integration during security crises: the role of Israeli sports media from 1996 to 2014
Authors: Kertcher Chen
Published: August 2020

This study examines peace journalism as manifested toward the Israeli Arab minority in a time of seven security crises from 1996 to 2014 in the Israeli Hebrew sports media. Studies of peace journalism in periods of crises focus mainly on political news and find that the media largely conform to alienation practices. This study argues that sports media encourage a ‘conditional integration’ of all actors that participate in the sport. The sports media have three strategies: acknowledging a notion of ‘normalcy’ in which Arabs encourage the maintenance of the sports season at the national and international levels, curtailing alienation practices such as condemning racism and objection to boycott of Arab teams, and encouraging integration that allows the Israeli-Arabs to have a unique voice, as long as they do not openly adopt anti-Israel political stances such as making pro-Hamas or Hezbollah statements. Therefore, sports sections in the news can deepen our understanding of the diverse role of media in times of security crises.
Meritocracy and resentment
Authors: O’Dwyer Shaun
Published: August 2020

Lately it has become fashionable to speak of a ‘political meritocracy’ in Chinese political culture, which contrasts with the liberal ‘electoral democracy’ of the west. Here, however, I consider the moral psychology of an emotion that arguably shadows the history of meritocratic practices in China and in liberal democracies: the emotion of resentment, expressed by agents who consider themselves to be wronged by the high-stakes competition for status, income and power inherent in these practices. I examine the unstable nexus between this emotion and these practices and draw on Confucian, Qing era vernacular literature and modern studies of educational credentialism for insights into how the potentially destabilizing, destructive manifestations of resentment can be mitigated and channelled into less destructive, dissenting political and cultural expression. I argue that, on balance, electoral democracies have better resources for mitigating such resentment than does the ‘political meritocracy’ attributed to Chinese political culture.
Can meritocracy replace democracy? A conceptual framework
Authors: He Baogang , Warren Mark E.
Published: August 2020

Influenced by the example of China, a literature is emerging that advocates a modernized version of Confucian meritocracy, often as an alternative to liberal democracy and even democracy itself. We disagree with these arguments. A critical examination of the Chinese practices of meritocracy within the context of a regime that remains authoritarian is noticeably absent in the literature. This article addresses this gap and, in its findings, argues that political meritocracy, despite first appearances, does not offer a better alternative to liberal democracy. In contrast to many analyses, we do not view ‘meritocracy’ as a regime type but rather as an aspirational ideal that political leaders should have in merit their positions, relative to their functions. We develop a theoretical framework for comparing meritocratic features of regimes centred on a distinction between authoritarian meritocracy and democratic meritocracy. The framework brings into focus the ways in which the authoritarian features of the Chinese political systems undermine meritocratic claims and aspirations.
More than good executives: The teaching mission of Confucian political leaders
Authors: Ying Jingcai
Published: August 2020

Emboldened by the rise of China, a meritocratic trend has surged in recent Confucian political theory. Confucian meritocracy is upheld as an equally viable alternative, if not a superior one, to democracy because many think that the latter’s populist vices do not exist in the former’s hierarchical, managerial political structure. This article addresses this seemingly dichotomous relationship between democracy and Confucian meritocracy by drawing on Zhu Xi (1130–1200 AD). I demonstrate those overlooked egalitarian qualities inherent in Confucian meritocracy, which can render it naturally compatible with democracy. Thus, an accurate understanding of Confucian meritocracy requires us not to see it as an opposite of democracy. Rather, Confucian meritocracy actually fosters moral growth in the populace by encouraging them to participate in politics under the instruction of their political leaders, who are to be guided by two egalitarian pedagogical principles, that is, universal inclusion and student participation.
Family Structure and Parents’ Health: Implications for the Reproduction of Health Inequality across Generations
Authors: Shuey Kim M. , Willson Andrea E. , Hackshaw Travis
Published: August 2020

Early life disadvantage has enduring effects on health into adulthood. In this analysis, we are interested in the social reproduction of health inequality across generations within families. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7–12 and their parents ( N = 11,171) interviewed during the 1994–1995 school year and followed into young adulthood. We investigate whether the intersection of family structure and parents’ health predicts poor health in early adulthood and several potential explanations for health continuity across generations. We also examine whether social mobility across generations changes the association between parent and child health. Results indicate an intergenerational persistence in health, net of childhood socioeconomic context, childhood health, educational attainment, and social mobility. Findings suggest that adult health reflects the transmission of resources and practices across generations within one’s family, reproducing health inequalities.
Analysis of Support for Parents in Raising Children with Dyslexia
Authors: Abd Rauf Athira Amira , Akmar Ismail Maizatul , Balakrishnan Vimala , Cheong Loh Sau , Admodisastro Novia Indriaty , Haruna Khalid
Published: August 2020

The parents of children with dyslexia often experience more parenting stress and depressive symptoms compared to other parents. Studies have shown that supporting and encouraging such parents help in reducing their frustrations, fear, anger, and low self-esteem towards their children. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the different types of support needed by the parents of children with dyslexia and to explore the relationships between the required support with the parents’ marital status. Fifty questionnaires were distributed to the parents of children with dyslexia and analyzed. The findings showed that the type of support needed for parents of children with dyslexia could be grouped into social, peer-to-peer, financial, and government support. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the social (p = 0.4014), peer-to-peer (p = 0.5020), and government (p = 0.7121) support with parents’ marital status. However, based on one-way ANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference found between the parents’ marital status and financial support (p = 0.0241). Accordingly, it is anticipated that the implication of this research could be used as a guide and a reference for supporting and encouraging parents of children with dyslexia and other learning disabilities.
Minimally invasive single-incision temporary biventricular assist device
Authors: Sandoval Elena , Fernández-Cisneros Alejandro , Pereda Daniel
Published: August 2020

New short-term devices have been developed to allow percutaneous insertion. However, in some cases, open insertion becomes necessary. Less invasive insertion of short-term devices has been described previously, using two incisions. We present the case of a patient who underwent minimally invasive insertion of a biventricular device, using a single incision.
A mixed-methods systematic review on barriers to exclusive breastfeeding
Authors: Patil Divya Sussana , Pundir Prachi , Dhyani Vijay Shree , Krishnan Jisha B. , Parsekar Shradha S , D’Souza Sherize Merlin , Ravishankar N , Renjith Vishnu
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for every newborn during the first 6 months of life, yet women come across various challenges to continuing it.

Aim:

This systematic review was intended to identify barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied health literature, ProQuest, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from January 1990 to October 2017. The systematic review included quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies to identify barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of reproductive age with an infant aged between 0 and 12 months. All studies were screened based on titles, abstracts and full text by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools. Of the 9737 eligible records, 44 studies were included for analysis. Classification of barriers to exclusive breastfeeding was adopted from the conceptual framework of factors affecting breastfeeding practices given by Hector and colleagues.

Results:

In total 32 barriers were grouped under individual, group and society level factors. Meta-analysis indicated that mothers who smoked had 2.49 times more odds of not exclusively breastfeeding than non-smoking mothers and mothers who had undergone caesarean section had 1.69 times more risk of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding than mothers who have had a vaginal childbirth.

Conclusion:

The systematic review revealed a complex interplay of various barriers related to exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that context-specific strategies should be designed in accordance with barriers existing in a region or country.
Ghanaian science and mathematics teachers’ beliefs about gifted education strategies
Authors: Allotey Gladys Ami , Watters James J , King Donna
Published: August 2020

Ghana is a rapidly developing West African country whose goal is to build a prosperous economy reliant on innovation and technology. Identifying and developing talent in the school system will play a role in achieving this goal; however, there is limited research on the status of gifted education and talent development in Ghana. This study investigated ten Junior High school mathematics and science teachers’ beliefs about giftedness and the strategies they proposed to develop gifted students’ potential into talent. The study drew on data from semi-structured interviews and lesson plans. The findings revealed that teachers had scant knowledge about giftedness and appropriate gifted education strategies. Respondents misconstrued differentiation and acceleration strategies and disregarded their use in developing the gifted. The study highlights the need for the development of a formal policy on gifted education, and the implementation of teacher education programmes that address teachers’ beliefs and knowledge about the gifted and gifted education strategies.
Experimental investigation of the functional mechanism of methane displacement by water in the coal
Authors: Huang Bingxiang , Lu Weiyong , Chen Shuliang , Zhao Xinglong
Published: August 2020

During hydraulic fracturing in a high-methane coal seam, there is a water-displacing-methane effect. A pseudo triaxle experimental system, which is opposite to the name of true triaxial system, for the water-displacing-methane effect was created. First, cylindrical coal samples in a methane adsorption equilibrium state, spontaneously desorbed. And then water was injected into the coal samples. The following was shown: (1) The displacement methane volume gradually rises with an increase of injected water, while the displacement methane rate tends to rise at first before declining later. Simultaneously, the water-displacing-methane process is characterised by a time effect. The methane displacement lags behind water injection. (2) Competitive adsorption and displacement desorption between the water and methane will promote adsorption methane into free methane, while the pore pressure increase caused by water injection will turn free methane into adsorption methane. The net free methane of the combination action provides a methane source for the water-displacing-methane effect. (3) A pore pressure gradient, which provides a power source for the water-displacing-methane effect, is formed and reduces gradually at the front of the water seepage along the seepage direction. The increase in water pressure can rapidly improve the pore pressure gradient and boost the displacement methane volume as well as improve displacement methane efficiency. (4) A starting porosity pressure gradient and limit pore pressure exist in the process of water-displacing-methane. When the pore pressure gradient is less than the starting pore pressure gradient, there is free methane in the coal rock, but it cannot be displaced. When the pore pressure is between the starting pore pressure and the limit pore pressure, the free methane can be displaced. When the pore pressure is greater than the limit pore pressure, the methane is almost completely adsorption methane, and water cannot be used to displace the free methane.
Objective and subjective markers of transition to adulthood in emerging adults: Their mediating role in explaining the link between parental trust and life satisfaction
Authors: Žukauskienė Rita , Kaniušonytė Goda , Nelson Larry J. , Crocetti Elisabetta , Malinauskienė Oksana , Hihara Shogo , Sugimura Kazumi
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect (via objective and subjective markers of adulthood) relations of parental trust and emerging adults’ life satisfaction in samples of Lithuanian ( N = 399, ages 18–25) and Japanese ( N = 585, ages 18–25) emerging adults. Results revealed that parental trust was associated with emerging adults’ life satisfaction both directly and indirectly via subjective markers of adulthood (i.e., self-perception of oneself as an adult) but not via objective markers of adulthood. Importantly, these associations were largely similar in both countries with a slight variation. These findings underscore the complex and important relations between parental trust and life satisfaction during emerging adulthood.
The longitudinal stability of rating characteristics in an EFL examination: Methodological and substantive considerations
Authors: Lamprianou Iasonas , Tsagari Dina , Kyriakou Nansia
Published: August 2020

This longitudinal study (2002–2014) investigates the stability of rating characteristics of a large group of raters over time in the context of the writing paper of a national high-stakes examination. The study uses one measure of rater severity and two measures of rater consistency. The results suggest that the rating characteristics of individual raters are not stable. Thus, predictions from one administration to the next are difficult, although not impossible. In fact, as the membership of the group of raters changes from year to year, past data on rating characteristics become less useful. When the membership of the group of raters is retained, the community of raters develops more stable characteristics. However, “cultural shocks” (low retention of raters and large numbers of newcomers) destabilize the rating characteristics of the community and predictions become more difficult. We propose practical measures to increase the stability of rating across time and offer methodological suggestions for more efficient rater effect-related research designs and analyses.
Examining the L2 reading comprehension ability of adult ELLs: Developing a diagnostic test within the cognitive diagnostic assessment framework
Authors: Toprak Tugba Elif , Cakir Abdulvahit
Published: August 2020

Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) has been applied to language assessment in a number of studies in which a diagnostic classification model (DCM) was retrofitted to the results of a non-diagnostic assessment. However, the need to apply CDA through utilization of an inductive rather than a retrofitted approach has been a recurrent theme in these studies. Thus, this study aimed to develop a diagnostic L2 reading comprehension test in English to investigate adult examinees’ reading performances in an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) academic setting. The test was based on a cognitive model of L2 reading comprehension and was administered to a sample of 1058 examinees across Turkey. The results were analyzed using log-linear cognitive diagnosis modeling (LCDM), which is one of the general DCM families subsuming other core DCMs. The findings of the study indicated that obtaining fine-grained diagnostic information about examinees’ performances in a given domain would be possible by coupling an adequate understanding of the construct with a CDA framework.
Towards a sociomaterial approach to inter-organizational boundaries: How information systems elicit relevant knowledge in government outsourcing
Authors: Pelizza Annalisa
Published: August 2020

This article furthers a sociomaterial framework to examine inter-organizational boundaries in government IT projects. It engages in a dialogue with the practice theory-based approach to boundary spanning and utilizes analytical tools and epistemologies drawn from the social studies of technology. It aims to contribute to a situated, material understanding of inter-organizational boundaries. We argue that boundaries in outsourcing relationships can be de facto enacted through definitions of what counts as relevant knowledge. Information systems have a key role in eliciting such definitions, thus establishing knowledge asymmetries and regimes of inclusion and exclusion. The article responds to the call to value the role of artefacts in IT research. Furthermore, it eventually shows that understanding knowledge asymmetries triggered at the micro-level of information systems can help to examine macro-scale transformations between the public and the private sectors. To illustrate the framework, two ethnographic case studies of governmental IT projects are discussed. The first case concerns a permit and licence submission service in Italy. The second case analyses a 20-year-long database integration carried on at the Dutch land registry. In the first case, information systems made relevant a form of knowledge developed by contractors; in the second case, the integration process valued knowledge developed in-house. Three sets of implications are drawn for the theory and practice of inter-organizational IT projects. To conclude, the article focuses on inter-organizational boundaries involving the public and the private sectors and foresees a novel interdisciplinary research direction at the confluence of information systems and political studies.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of posterior spinal tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Boruah Deb K , Gogoi Bidyut B , Prakash Arjun , Lal Navneet R , Hazarika Karuna , Borah Krishna K
Published: August 2020

Background

Isolated posterior spinal (element) tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon compared to classical anterior spinal or para-discal TB. Here, we report magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of posterior spinal TB in 19 patients without involvement of the vertebral body and intervertebral disc.

Purpose

To evaluate the MRI findings in isolated posterior spinal (element) TB.

Material and Methods

Clinical and MRI data of 19 patients of isolated posterior spinal TB were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Of the 19 patients, group A comprised 4 (21%) patients with rapid onset lower limb weakness and pyramidal signs while group B comprised 15 (79%) patients without any neurological deficit. Lumbar vertebrae commonly affected 9 (47.4%) patients followed by dorsal vertebrae in 8 (42.1%) patients and cervical vertebrae in 2 (10.5%) patients. The pedicle was most commonly involved in 12 (63.2%) patients followed by the lamina in 11 (58%) patients, and spinous process and facet joint in 6 (31.6%) patients each. Extra-spinal inflammation/pyomyositis/paraspinal abscess was found in 13 (68.4%) patients followed by epidural abscess 3 (15.8%) patients and both extra spinal inflammation and epidural abscess in 3 (15.8%) patients (15.8%). Compressive cord myelopathy was observed in 4 (21%) patients, where three patients underwent emergency decompression laminectomy and the remaining 16 patients were treated conservatively with anti-tubercular therapy.

Conclusion

Initial diagnosis of isolated posterior element TB is challenging and requires a high index of suspicion. Early diagnosis of isolated posterior spinal TB is important as early treatment may be beneficial and decreases patient morbidity.
Survival analysis of afatinib versus erlotinib for individuals with advanced del19 lung adenocarcinoma with asymptomatic brain metastasis after pemetrexed-cisplatin chemotherapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Ye , Chen Wenli , Yu Weiguang , Shi Ning , Han Guowei , Mao Shuai , Zhang Xinlei , Chen Meiji
Published: August 2020

Objective

To evaluate survival following afatinib (AF) and erlotinib (ER) treatment in advanced del19 lung adenocarcinoma (AD19LA) with asymptomatic brain metastasis (ABM) after pemetrexed–cisplatin chemotherapy (PCC).

Methods

Data were retrospectively analysed from individuals with AD19LA and ABM after PCC who received AF or ER for 2 years or until intolerable adverse events (AEs), withdrawal, or death. The primary outcome was survival; secondary outcomes were AEs.

Results

The final analysis included 174 AD19LA individuals (AF: n = 86; ER: n = 88) with a median follow-up of 24.2 months (IQR 2.1–28.3). Significant differences in overall survival (16.2 months [95%CI 15.4–17.1] for AF vs 7.2 months [95%CI 6.3–8.1] for ER) (HR 0.50, 95%CI 0.36–0.71, p<0.0001) and median progression-free survival (9.4 months [95%CI 8.5–9.7] for AF vs 5.6 months [4.7–6.2] for ER) (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.47–0.94, p=0.02) were observed between the groups. Rates of all-grade AEs were 82.5% for AF and 72.7% for ER, and rates of grade ≥3 AEs were 37.2% for AF and 34.0% for ER.

Conclusion

Compared with ER, AF treatment may be more beneficial in terms of survival in the management of AD19LA after PCC with a tolerable safety profile.
Radiographic characteristics and early clinical manifestations of family clustered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Zhan Bingyan , Lan Shujuan , La Zhoucuomao , Li Deting , Wang Xinmei , Huang Xiaochun
Published: August 2020

Object

To study chest computed tomography (CT) findings in family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

Twenty-one patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled at the West District Qingdao Municipal Hospital, the Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province and Jiaozhou Central Hospital. Eleven were family clustered cases and 10 were sporadic cases not associated with family gatherings.

Results

Ten patients were male and 11 were female. The time elapsed onset of fever and cough to diagnosis was 3 to 7 days. The body temperatures of patients fluctuated between 36.7 and 38.9°C. One elderly female patient had no fever. On chest CT, 14 patients with family clustered COVID-19 had bilateral lung lesions. By contrast, 7 patients with no history of familial gatherings showed single lung exudative lesions or consolidation. Seven patients with family clustered COVID-19 had bilateral multiple exudative lesions. Four patients with no history of familial gathering had unilateral lesions.

Conclusion

Not all patients with COVID-19 have direct epidemiological links to an infected case. They may become infected because of poor protection. In patients with family clustered COVID-19, chest CT often showed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs. In some patients, symptoms may be complicated by influenza virus infection.
Inaccurate Space Perception Seeing Through Fences
Authors: Dong Bo , Chen Airui , Zhang Yuting , Li Changchun , Zhang Tianyang , Zhang Ming
Published: August 2020

According to the sequential surface integration process hypothesis, the fine near-ground-surface representation and the homogeneous ground surface play a vital role in the representation of the ground surface. When an occluding box or opaque wall is placed between observers and targets, observers underestimate egocentric distance. However, in our daily life, many obstacles are perforated and cover the ground surface and targets simultaneously (e.g., fences). Humans see and observe through fences. The images of these fences and targets, projected onto observers’ retinas, overlap each other. This study aims to explore the effects of perforated obstacles (i.e., fences) on space perception. The results showed that observers underestimated the egocentric distances when there was a fence on the ground surface relative to the no-fence condition, and the effect of widely spaced thick wood fences was larger than that of narrowly spaced thin iron fences. We further demonstrated that this effect was quite robust when the target size had a visual angle of 1°, 2°, or 4° in three virtual reality experiments. This study may add support for the notion that the sequential surface integration process hypothesis is applicable even if the obstacle is perforated and covers the target.
Translating Security across Borders: Staging the Migration Crisis in Hungary and Transylvania
Authors: Szalai András , Kopper Ákos
Published: August 2020

This article highlights the synergies between securitisation theory and the empirically rich literature on crossborder kin-state policies by underlining the unique dilemmas the logic of security brings to the fore in the transborder setting. Doing so, the article critically engages securitisation theory by focusing on two of its underdeveloped aspects: first, the concept’s relevance for non-liberal settings where securitisation can serve multiple goals other than justifying emergency measures; and second, how securitisation can unfold in a trans-border context and thereby disrupt the Westphalian notion of the unity of state, society and sovereignty. The way Hungary’s illiberal regime exported the securitisation of migration to its kin-minority in Transylvania provides the empirical backdrop for the article. Transylvania is neither a target nor a transit region; nevertheless, the securitising narrative resonated with ethnic Hungarians. To account for this resonance, the article relies on the concept of translation to show how local audiences in Transylvania reconstructed the exported meaning of security to suit their own identity, partly by linking it to their historical experiences – even turning it into banal everyday performances – and partly by seeing it as an opportunity to enact national unity and to demonstrate their loyalty to the securitising actor in Budapest, across the border.
Establishment of an experimental-computational framework for promoting Project-based learning for vibrations and controls education
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Whitaker Silas , Hayes Connor , Logsdon Jared , McAfee Logan , Parker Riley
Published: August 2020

A curriculum enhancement project of embedding MATLAB and Simulink to a mechanical engineering (ME) vibrations and controls course is presented in this paper. MATLAB/Simulink is a popular software tool for vibration analysts and control designers, which is consistently regarded as one of the most in-demand technical skills that employers are looking for. In the past, the ME students at Mississippi State University (MSU) did not have the training opportunity to use MATLAB/Simulink for design and analysis of vibration and control systems. With the support of a teaching grants, the author created an experimental lab section to ask students to design and build vibration and control devices, and integrated these device into his vibrations and controls course. In this study, the author develops a computer lab section based on the implementation of MATLAB/Simulink, which complements with the experimental lab section to provide the students with a full lab experience. The experimental-computational lab allows the students to not only observe and characterize the dynamic response of vibration and control systems through experimental operations and measurements, but also validate experimental results and confirm experimental phenomena through computational analysis. As well as exploring dynamic behaviors of the systems in a variety of conditions through numerical simulations with different settings. An example of student project is presented to show an experimental-computational study conducted by a student team using MATLAB/Simulink software tool and self-developed data acquisition systems based on a base excitation model demonstrated in class. A questionnaire was conducted at the end of that class and results confirms that the implementation of MATLAB/Simulink into the course effectively develops the ME students’ programming skills and strengthens their capacity in modeling, simulating, and analyzing vibration, control, and other dynamic systems. The developed computational lab and the current experimental lab complementarily promote student understanding of principles and concepts conveyed in classroom lectures.
Free torsional vibration of triangle microwire based on modified couple stress theory
Authors: Alizadeh Hamidi Babak , Khosravi Farshad , Hosseini Seyed Amirhosein , Hassannejad Reza
Published: August 2020

In this article, the free torsional vibration of the noncircular microwire is obtained via modified couple stress theory. The noncircular cross section is considered to be equilateral triangle. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle, and the natural frequencies of the clamped-clamped and clamped-free microwires are obtained based on a Galerkin method. The natural frequency for analyzing of the results is considered to be dimensionless. The effects of the different parameters including the dimensionless material length scale parameter, the dimensionless edge length of the triangle, and mode number on the dimensionless natural frequency of the microwire are evaluated. Ultimately, the influence of the Poisson’s ratio on the natural frequency of the microwire under various boundary conditions is investigated.
Comparing prospective headache diary and retrospective four-week headache questionnaire over 20 weeks: Secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Miller Vanessa E , Faurot Keturah R , Palssson Olafur S , MacIntosh Beth A , Suchindran Chirayath , Honvoh Gilson , Gaylord Susan , Ramsden Christopher E , Mann J Douglas
Published: August 2020

Background

Headache diaries and recall questionnaires are frequently used to assess headache frequency and severity in clinical and research settings.

Methods

Using 20 weeks of data from an intervention trial with 182 participants, we evaluated concordance between an electronic headache diary administered on a daily basis and designed to capture the presence and severity of headaches on an hourly basis (the headache diary) and a recall questionnaire, with retrospective estimation of the number of headache days assessed on a monthly basis. We further examined whether the duration or severity of headaches assessed by the electronic diary impacted concordance between these two measures.

Results

Over the course of four 28-day periods, people with migraine participating in a dietary intervention reported an average of 13.7 and 11.1 headache days in the headache diary and recall questionnaire, respectively.

Conclusion

Over time, the concordance between headache days reported in these two measures tended to increase; however, the recall questionnaire headache estimates were lower than the diary measures in all four periods. When analysis was restricted to headaches lasting 8 hours or more, the number of headache days was more closely aligned with days reported in the recall questionnaire, indicating that the accuracy of recall estimates is likely to be influenced by headache duration. Restriction of analyses to moderate-to-severe headaches did not change results as much as headache duration. The findings indicate that recall questionnaires administered on a monthly basis may underestimate headache frequency and therefore should not be used interchangeably with headache diaries. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02012790
Faculty–librarian administrative structure and collaborative activities supporting teaching and research at Vietnamese universities: A qualitative study
Authors: Nguyen Thi Lan , Tuamsuk Kulthida
Published: August 2020

This article reports on the administrative structure and collaborative activities of faculty and librarians within Vietnamese universities to evaluate their impact on teaching and research, as well as their collaborative benefits, advantages and disadvantages. The authors used a qualitative method to determine the current status of collaboration between faculty and librarians, and conducted 29 in-depth interviews with key participants at Vietnamese universities. The findings indicated that such collaboration was often based on the collaborators’ personal circumstances and that librarian liaison partnerships primarily related to the faculty’s profession, personality and attitudes at different units. Further, universities focused on collaborative activities to support teaching and research – designing syllabi, research support activities and collection development. The results of this study will be useful for stakeholders at universities in reviewing the effectiveness and limitations of collaborative relationships.
Students’ attitudes towards library overdue fines in an academic library: A study in a private university setting in Bangladesh
Authors: Basak Sangita , Yesmin Shamima
Published: August 2020

In academic libraries, the obligation to pay a fine for overdue books is a common global phenomenon. As university libraries try to meet the growing expectations of their users with limited resources, it is important to ensure that the existing collection is available in circulation. This study investigated overdue returns at the BRAC University library, Bangladesh, focusing on the reasons why users returned their books late; students’ satisfaction with the current overdue policies; and suggested improvements to the overdue procedures. The study was carried out using a quantitative methodology. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the students and data was collected over a period of 60 days between March and April 2019. Of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 258 were returned, with a response rate of 86%. The primary reasons for users’ late return of books were forgetfulness and not completing the task required from the book. It is a positive fact of the study that, most students did not show unwillingness to use the library again after fine had been imposed for a late return; a large number of them managed to pay the fine out of their pocket money. The library’s current policies were considered to be satisfactory. The students considered them to be a form of discipline, which made them return items at the appointed time. There was no gender bias in their reactions. Suggestions for improvement included increasing the collection of hard-copy and e-books. The outcomes of this research may help to develop the overdue and circulation policies of academic libraries in developing countries.
Analysis of Single-Vehicle Roadway Departure Crashes on Rural Curved Segments Accounting for Unobserved Heterogeneity
Authors: Islam Mouyid , Pande Anurag
Published: August 2020

Roadway departure crashes are one of the core emphasis areas in Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSP). These crashes, especially on rural roads, lead to a disproportionately higher number of fatalities and serious injuries. The focus of this study is to identify and quantify the factors affecting injury-severity outcomes for single-vehicle roadway departure (SV-RwD) crashes on rural curved segments in Minnesota. The crash data are extracted from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) from 2010 to 2014. This study applied a mixed logit with heterogeneity in means and variances approach to model driver-injury severity. The approach accounts for possible unobserved heterogeneity in the data resulting from driver, roadway, traffic, environmental conditions, or any combination of these attributes. This analysis adds value to the growing body of literature because it uncovers some unobserved heterogeneity in the form the attributes specific to driver-injury severities in contrast to the standard mixed logit approach. The model results indicate that there is a complex interaction of driver characteristics and actions (male drivers, aged below 30 years of age, and unsafe speed), roadway and traffic characteristics (two-lane undivided road, county roadways, and low traffic volume), environmental conditions (adverse weather, cloudy weather, dark conditions, and dry surface conditions), and vehicle characteristics (vehicle type—sport utility vehicle involved in rollover crashes). The results also provide some evidence of the effectiveness of a highway curve safety improvement program implemented in one of the Minnesota Department of Transportation (DOT) districts.
Assimilation Undercuts Authenticity: A Consequence of Women’s Masculine Self-Presentation in Masculine Contexts
Authors: Dormanen Rose , Sanders Courtney S. , Maffly-Kipp Joseph , Smith Jessi L. , Vess Matthew
Published: August 2020

We tested whether women’s sense of authenticity can be compromised by the expression of masculine characteristics and whether feelings of authenticity directly or indirectly connect masculine expression to a diminished sense of interest in a science position. In Study 1 ( N = 105), we randomly assigned female undergraduates to present themselves as possessing traditionally high masculine characteristics or possessing non-masculine characteristics. They recorded a video “interview” for a science laboratory position and reported on their feelings of authenticity. Women in the masculine-expression condition reported less authenticity, which was in turn associated with less interest in the position. Study 2 ( N = 240 women) showed that expressing masculine characteristics in a written “application” led to lower levels of authenticity and, in turn, less interest in the position. This effect occurred most strongly among women relatively high in feminine identification and low in masculine identification. These studies indicate that women who express masculine characteristics in science settings may experience less authenticity, which can in turn contribute to diminished interest in a science position. These findings suggest that efforts to improve women’s experiences in stereotypically masculine settings should focus on mitigating psychological connections between gender and success in those settings. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684320947648
Disparities on Baseline Performance Using Neurocognitive and Oculomotor Clinical Measures of Concussion
Authors: Wallace Jessica , Moran Ryan , Beidler Erica , McAllister Deitrick Jamie , Shina James , Covassin Tracey
Published: August 2020

Background:

Given the high participation of Black/African American individuals in high school sports, especially high-risk sports for concussion, it is important to note if racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences exist in baseline performance on clinical measures of concussion.

Purpose:

To explore the association between race and SES on baseline concussion assessments of neurocognitive performance and oculomotor function in adolescent athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 564 high school athletes (mean ± SD age, 15.33 ± 1.1 years) completed the baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test and King-Devick (KD) battery before the start of their competitive season. Race was defined as either White/non-Hispanic or Black/African American. SES status was determined by whether the individual’s participating high school was a Title I or non–Title I school. A series of multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association of computerized neurocognitive test scores (verbal memory, visual memory, motor processing speed, and reaction time), symptom severity scores, and KD scores by race and SES.

Results:

White/non-Hispanic individuals performed significantly better than Black/African American individuals on verbal memory ( P < .01), visual memory ( P < .01), visual motor processing speed ( P < .01), and reaction time ( P < .01) and had a lower symptom score ( P < .01). Regarding SES, individuals from non–Title I schools performed better on visual memory ( P = .05) and reaction time ( P = .02) than individuals from Title I schools. Examination of cumulative KD test reading time revealed that there was no association between race on baseline reading times ( P = .12). There was a significant association between cumulative reading time and SES ( P = .02). Individuals from non–Title I schools performed significantly faster than individuals from Title I schools on KD test time.

Conclusion:

Overall, race and SES influence neurocognitive and oculomotor concussion baseline performance in high school athletes. These findings add to the growing literature on the influence of race and SES on neurocognitive and oculomotor function baseline concussion assessments; they highlight the necessity for individualized concussion baseline measurements or race-specific normative reference values.
Human Milk Intake of Thai Breastfed Infants During the First 6 Months Using the Dose-to-Mother Deuterium Dilution Method
Authors: Tongchom Wanabhorn , Pongcharoen Tippawan , Judprasong Kunchit , Udomkesmalee Emorn , Kriengsinyos Wantanee , Winichagoon Pattanee
Published: August 2020

Background:

Data on infant human milk intakes in low- and middle-income countries are limited, although the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother method (DTM) is an accurate tool for its estimation.

Objective:

We assessed human milk intakes of Thai infants during the first 6 months comparing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), and partial breastfeeding (PartBF).

Methods:

One hundred and ten healthy Thai lactating mother–infant pairs were followed from birth. Human milk intakes were determined at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months using the DTM method. Daily energy and protein intakes were assessed using 3-day nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. To compare breastfeeding practices, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test assessed normally distributed data, while the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney U test was used for not normally distributed data.

Results:

No difference existed in human milk intakes during the first 6 months between EBF (743-776 g/d) and PBF (748-862 g/d). Human milk intakes of PartBF infants were significantly lower compared to other infants. Human milk intake was sufficient to meet infant energy and protein requirements during the first 3 months for EBF and PBF groups. Infant formula largely replaced human milk during the first 3 months; other solid foods were also introduced among the PartBF infants.

Conclusions:

Human milk intakes were comparable between EBF and PBF infants during the first 6 months and provided adequate energy and protein to meet requirements. Infant formula largely replaced breast milk among PartBF infants, although other foods were also given early. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04020640.
‘Should I stay or should I go?’ Group-analytic training: inhabiting the threshold of ambivalence is a matter of power, privilege and position
Authors: Forrest Alasdair , Nayak Suryia
Published: August 2020

Having in mind those gripped by ambivalence over whether to start, or stay on, the Qualifying Course in Group Analysis, we consider the training as one in ambivalence. We see ambivalence as an asset, not a hindrance. Forsaking familiar notions of ambivalence as weak and anxious, the task is to move towards a confident ambivalence. Using the ambivalent etymology of the word ‘threshold’ as an analytic lens, we use threshold not in the sense of a wooden solid boundary to be overcome, but rather as a threshing room. This article is co-written by two people different in terms of race, gender, sexuality, socio-economic background, age and experience. We argue that understanding the relationship between difference and ambivalence is crucial. This is not only because difference matters in itself. This article argues that ambivalence finds separate expressions through these differences, which act as a symbolic site. Our experience as Manchester trainees proves that threshing of the wheat from the chaff cannot happen on seemingly rigid boundaries. Rather, it happens in thresholds. In all this, examining the way ambivalence functions through power, privilege and position, we return to the ambivalent question: Do you want group analysis? And does it want you?
Traduction et validation du questionnaire de dépistage Borderline Personality Questionnaire
Authors: Larivière, erg. Nadine , Pérusse Frédéric , David Pierre
Published: August 2020

Objectif:

Disposer d’outils de dépistage valides pour évaluer le trouble de la personnalité limite est essentiel en pratique clinique et en recherche. Parmi les outils existants, le questionnaire sur la personnalité limite (BPQ) présente plusieurs qualités. Cependant, il n’existe pas de version française et il n’a pas été validé avec des adultes dans un échantillon clinique. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient : 1) traduire le BPQ en français; 2) mesurer la validité convergente, prédictive et discriminante, la cohérence interne et la fidélité test-retest.

Méthode:

Les recommandations de Streiner, Norman et Cairney (2014) sur la traduction d’évaluations ont été suivies. Quarante adultes référés à un programme spécialisé en troubles de la personnalité ont participé à l’étude. Pour évaluer la validité du BPQ français, le questionnaire SCID-II (entrevue et auto-évaluation) fut administré et le diagnostic psychiatrique fut établi par un psychiatre à l’insu.

Résultats:

Aucune modification majeure n’a été apportée au BPQ français. Les analyses ont montré une cohérence interne élevée (α = 0,84), une bonne fidélité test-retest (r = 0,77), une discrimination significative avec le trouble de la personnalité schizotypique (r = -0,31; p < 0,05), une convergence significative avec le SCID-II (r = 0,72) et une validité prédictive significative du diagnostic psychiatrique (p < 0,01).

Conclusions:

La version française du BPQ présente des qualités psychométriques prometteuses à un usage auprès des personnes ayant un trouble de la personnalité limite.