bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of the Concept of Eﬃciency of Legal Systems
Authors: Tregubov Eduard
Published: December 2024

The article explores the concept of the eﬀectiveness of legal systems. It is noted that the notion of a legal system is complex and multifaceted, encompassing a diversity of approaches to defining its essence. The complexity and challenges inherent in developing a comprehensive concept of legal systems’ eﬀectiveness are highlighted, particularly due to the multiplicity of approaches to evaluating eﬀectiveness and their criteria. These approaches and perspectives are analyzed.

The conclusions emphasize that there is no developed comprehensive concept of the eﬀectiveness of legal systems that is based on objective and universal criteria and considers historical, cultural, political, and economic contexts. Assessing eﬀectiveness allows for the comparison of diﬀerent legal systems, the study of mutual influences between them, integration and disintegration trends, and the analysis of best practices and experiences. Analyzing eﬀectiveness also helps identify weaknesses and develop ways to optimize the legal system. In practical terms, this can contribute to the development of eﬀective reforms that address systemic problems, thereby ensuring development and progress.

The concept of the eﬀectiveness of legal systems encounters a range of complex theoretical problems. Given this, the methodology for researching the eﬀectiveness of a legal system must be adequate to the level of formulated tasks and use an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on knowledge from other sciences, including sociology, political science, and economics.

Key words: legal system, eﬃciency, state, social values, sources of law, legal regulation.
Acts of judicial law as source of law: theoretical and applied aspect
Authors: Osiadla Mariia
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article examines the essence and trends in the development of acts of judicial law as a source of law. The value approach to acts of judicial law as a source of law is determined by the peculiarities of the historical development of the state, schools of legal understanding, and the state's aﬃliation to the legal system. The application of judicial practice (citation practice) in the countries of Anglo-Saxon law, countries of Muslim law and countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family is analyzed.

Thus, the content of judicial law-making consists in filling gaps in the legislation, when a certain rule of law was stated vaguely and incomprehensible to the subjects of legal relations, which required additional interpretation when deciding the case; in the absence of a corresponding rule in the resolution of disputes; as well as when resolving legal conflicts of legal norms among themselves, when courts formulate the principle of priority of these norms, which later became mandatory in judicial practice.

The classification of acts of judicial law is determined both in a broad (all activities of judicial authorities) and in a narrow dimension (as the creation of certain legal provisions of a "precedent" nature). The characterization of acts of judicial law according to the form of their expression, in particular - decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, Decisions and Conclusions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, and decisions of the Supreme Court. The legal analysis carried out provided grounds to conclude about the high place of the justice bodies in Ukraine (Constitutional Court of Ukraine, Supreme Court) and their influence on legislation and legal policy, since individual acts issued by them - court decisions - are more than law-enforcement, but have a general and legal significance.

Results. Thus, there is no doubt that the meaning of judicial practice is determined by the fact that it acquires a law-making character for the regulation of social legal relations, acting as a "guideline for solving specific cases similar in content." In this case, acts of judicial law aﬀect the development of not only judicial policy, but also principles of law, improvement of legislation.

Key words: acts of judicial law; sources of law; schools of legal understanding; legal positions of the court.
Legal understanding of borders in international treaties and legal texts of Ancient Rus
Authors: Rominskyi Yevhen
Published: December 2024

Studying the issues of the formation and development of legal concepts about the national territory and its borders, we must delve into the very foundations, to the time of the East Slavic state entities (in other words, the state entities of Ancient Rus), as well as those state entities and states under the influence or rule of which the aforementioned East Slavic state formations fell during the studied period of the XI‒XV centuries. The term «East Slavic legal and cultural space» is used to denote this territorial and political massif.

The language of legal texts of the East Slavic legal and cultural space of the XI‒XV centuries brought to us two main words related to the understanding of the border:«meja» and «rubij». Also, in the Church Slavonic language, which was widely used by scribes, boundaries correspond to the words «predil» and «jereb». «Predil» and «meja» were quite freely used as synonyms in Ancient Rus literature. The «Meja» and «rubij» are mentioned in international and inter-princely treaties. It is interesting that references to the peace concluded along the old princely border are also known from birch documents, i.e. private correspondence. The word «meja» also denoted the borders of economic territories, arable land, etc. Such a «meja» is known from Rus’ka Pravda, other legal monuments, private acts and narrative sources.

The «meja» thus introduced a clearly defined legal boundary in terms of content and essence. For private farms, it was the border of a certain type of their economic activity. At the same time, for the lands of state and corporate entities, principalities and monasteries, which were endowed not only with economic, but also with political rights, the public rights of the other party could not violate this boundary. Both terms were used in parallel, but in fact had a certain essential separation: the «meja» is more of a specific sign or a specific division. The «rubij» is a limitation for certain actions and rights. It should also be taken into account that often the words «meja» or «rubij» are simply not mentioned. In general, it should be noted that the most common in peace treaties are statements about old lines, about old «fees», etc., that is, only a reference to previously defined borders or practices without even naming them.

Only the emergence and development of the state management apparatus, its essential filling, both by oﬃcials and through the development of legislation, will create conditions for the gradual transformation of «mejy» and «rubijy» into state borders.
Key words: Legal history, East Slavic, Kyivan Rus, Ancient Rus, state formations, Medieval Law, Ancient Rus Law, international law, Source of Law, oral law, written law, Legal Treaty.
On the issue of the russian federation’s political regime deﬁning in Ukrainian law
Authors: Skrypniuk Olexandr
Published: December 2024

The process of developing a regulatory framework that can be conditionally defined as anti-russian in Ukraine began around 2014. The array of anti-russian legislation in Ukraine has become a legal response to such intentions of the russian federation. The main purpose of several of the adopted laws is to prevent and counteract russia’s destructive actions for Ukrainian statehood within the framework of national security, national stability, ethnic policy, and memory policy. Direct signs of russia’s political regime as undemocratic, dictatorial, and even totalitarian appeared in Ukrainian legislation after russia’s full-scale military invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The aim of the article is to examine the peculiarities of defining the political regime of the russian federation in Ukrainian legislation by analysing the essential and substantive content of certain laws on this issue. The methodology is based on legal and comparative analysis.

Using a political and legal analysis of the essence and content of laws, the author establishes that rashism is a legally inaccurate, umbrella term that denotes two diﬀerent phenomena at the same time: a type of totalitarian ideology and a type of political regime. The Ukrainian parliament has created a contradiction in the norms of Ukrainian legislation in terms of defining the Russian political regime. The document is intended to condemn racism both as an ideology and as a racist political regime of the President of the russian federation. At the same time, legal scholars and practitioners are advocating the introduction of the term “rashism” into scientific and everyday discourse as a definition of a political ideology, not a political regime. In this regard, it is recommended that the term “rashism” be used to refer to the political ideology that crystallized during the functioning of putin’s authoritarian political regime (putinism).

Key words: russian federation, political regime, authoritarian regime, political ideology, rashism, putinism.
Category of electronic parliament: interpretive questions of the concept
Authors: Kostetska Tetyana
Published: December 2024

Understanding the role and appointment of parliament in a democratic state, its development and practice of functioning in Ukraine, the expediency of updating existing scientific generalizations of the doctrine of parliamentarism is one of the most relevant areas of research for modern constitutionalism.

The importance of the outlined problems is emphasized primarily in the context of the formation of the concept of e-parliamentarism, updating the theoretical foundations of Ukrainian parliamentarism in general, modernization of constitutionalism.
It is emphasized that in modern realities, under conditions of martial law, Ukrainian constitutionalism, its components, together with parliamentarism, with their constants unchanged, acquire certain modifications due to such factors.

Thus, the attention of researchers on the theoretical and legal analysis of the conceptual idea of introducing e-parliament as one of the main elements of e-democracy in Ukraine, directions of its transformation into a real mechanism of practical activity of the Ukrainian parliament (provision, development, legal principles) is updated.

Modern approaches to the interpretation of e-parliament in international practice and domestic scientific literature are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that, despite the rather widespread use of the term in special literature, constitutional and legal science does not contain its generally accepted concept as a legal category.

As a rule, the authors, highlighting the problems of e-parliamentarism identified by them, do not resort to disclosing the concept of e-parliament at the level of definition, mostly limited to a list of main features or a meaningful characteristic. There is also no unified approach to understanding the essence and content of the e-parliament.

Based on the generalization of scientific positions, the research direction of the named category is determined.
It has been determined that the most productive in this context is the scientific approach to understanding the concept of e-parliament as a modern form of activity of the classical parliament, and not as a separate kind of traditional democratic representative body, a body of state legislative power.

An attempt was made to define and identify the signs of this phenomenon. It is about a broad and narrow approach to understanding the studied phenomenon.

It has been established that behind its formal external properties are information and communication, digital technologies for carrying out parliamentary activities, parliamentary automated systems: informatization of the legislative process, electronic document management, others, software and hardware complexes, parliamentary web resources, etc.
Key words: e-democracy, digital, information communication technologies, constitutionalism, parliamentarism, e-parliamentarism, e-parliament.
Neutrality as form of claim of safety of the modern states
Authors: Sirenko Vasyl
Published: December 2024

The article reflects on the status of non-alignment and neutrality, examines the advantages and features of both, and the formation of the institution of neutralized territories in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The author distinguishes between neutrality and related concepts, such as non-alignment, neutral territories, and globalism. In particular, it is stated that non-alignment is a special international legal status that does not require international legal consolidation and can be changed unilaterally. It implies non-participation in military alliances but does not oblige to comply with humanitarian law during conflicts in third countries.

The author notes that the institution of neutralized territories has deep historical roots dating back to ancient times. The author concludes that the more independent a country is in asserting its sovereignty, independence, autonomy, and the supremacy of its government in making final decisions, the more opportunities it has to adapt to the processes of globalization and find a place for its progressive development. Countries that are united in military alliances, blocs or administrative-territorial associations have fewer opportunities for national adaptation, taking into account national identity, to adapt to the processes of globalization.

The motivation of Ukraine in choosing the non-aligned status is analyzed. The article considers the issues of globalization related to the development of the global information technology market, the relationship between globalization processes and the information technology market, the impact of globalization processes on the security of the state, economic, information, social and cultural aspects.

Key words: neutrality, international legal status, soldiery unions. National legislation, Basic law, strategic course, globalizations not processes, military operations, special status of the state.
49
Authors: Presli I.
Published: December 2024

49
69
Authors: Presli I.
Published: December 2024

69
88
Authors: Presli I.
Published: December 2024

88
143
Authors: Povit I.
Published: December 2024

143
INTEGRATION OF ADVANCED GEODETIC TECHNOLOGIES INTO CADASTRAL REGISTRATION SYSTEMS FOR OPTIMIZING LAND-PROPERTY RELATIONS MANAGEMENT BASED ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Nelin Yevhen , Kasyanov Volodymyr ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Shterndok Ernest ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Nesterenko Serhii ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: December 2024

Summary. The integration of modern geodetic technologies into cadastral registration systems is a key factor in improving the efficiency of land and property relations management. The use of technologies such as GNSS systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, laser scanning, and geographic information systems (GIS) ensures high accuracy of measurements, prompt data processing, and the enhancement of cadastral information. The experience of developed countries shows that the implementation of innovative technologies not only optimizes land accounting but also creates a transparent system for managing land resources. Of particular importance is the automation of processes for collecting, analyzing, and storing cadastral data, which ensures accuracy, reduces time and resource costs, and improves access to information for stakeholders. For effective integration of geodetic technologies, it is necessary to consider international experience in the standardization of cadastral processes, interdepartmental interaction, and the implementation of electronic platforms for data exchange. This will contribute to the sustainable development of land and property relations and the implementation of spatial management principles.
Keywords: geodetic technologies, cadastre, land resources, geographic information systems, laser scanning, land management, cadastral data, automation, international experience.
SPATIAL SUPPORT FOR THE USE OF REGIONAL REAL ESTATE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-INFORMATIONAL MONITORING MAPS
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Mamonov Kostiantyn , Palamar Alena ,   Kryvyi Rih National University, Vyatkin Roman ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Goi Vasyl ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: December 2024

Summary. An urgent issue is the formation of spatial support for the use of regional real estate for the development of geo-informational monitoring maps.
Summarizing the existing theoretical provisions, real estate is defined as a systemic category that is formed from land, objects located from top to bottom, other real estate objects, the main characteristic of which is the impossibility of their movement, a long term of use.
The goal of the research on the formation and application of spatial support for the use of regional real estate for the development of geo-informational monitoring maps has been achieved. In the study, the tasks were solved: the factors of spatial provision of the use of real estate in the regions were formed; determined directions and isolated practical aspects of the development of geo-informational monitoring maps.
As a result of the study, a low level of formation and use of spatial support in the system of real estate use at the regional level was determined. In such conditions, there is a need to change the trajectory of the formation and use of spatial support at the expense of territorial, functional, social, political parameters, cartographic and geodetic support for the use of regional real estate.
Keywords: real estate, spatial support, geoinformation systems, land use, monitoring, integral method, factors of real estate use, integral indicator, territorial development, geoinformation monitoring maps, regions.
PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF GEO-INFORMATIONAL MONITORING SYSTEMS OF LAND USE OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Mamonov Kostiantyn , Pilicheva Maryn ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Shterndok Ernest ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Frolov Viacheslav ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: December 2024

Summary. The relevance of the research topic is proven. The goal of the study to identify the peculiarities of the formation of geo-informational monitoring systems for the use of land of territorial communities at the regional level has been achieved. Solved tasks: determination of directions for the formation of geo-informational monitoring systems for land use of territorial communities at the regional level; formation of practical aspects of building geo-informational monitoring systems of land use of territorial communities.
As a result of the study, directions and features of the application of geoinformation systems for the functioning of territorial communities and their lands were determined. The need to use them to solve complex problematic aspects of ensuring the development of territorial communities has been established.
A three-dimensional geo-information model for monitoring the state of territorial development of land use of territorial communities has been developed, which is based on modern tools of geo-information systems, identified factors of land use, areas of application of geo-information systems, built on a quantitative basis, which made it possible to form a monitoring system to ensure territorial development.
Keywords: territorial communities, geoinformation systems, land use, monitoring, land use factors, territorial development.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT TECHNICAL CONDITION OF UKRAINIAN BRIDGES. EXISTING PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   National Transport University, Onyshchenko Artur , Zavhorodnii Serhii ,   National Institute of Infrastructure Development (NIDI)
Published: December 2024

Summary. The article analyzes the current technical condition of Ukraine's bridges, which are a key
element of the country's transportation infrastructure. In the context of martial law and the gradual depletion
of infrastructure resources, the problem of ensuring reliable operation of bridges is of particular relevance. The
article examines the current situation with the technical condition of bridges on roads of state and local
importance, outlines the main challenges faced by the bridge management system, and justifies the need for a
systematic approach to their inspection.
The data of actual bridge inspections for the period from 2014 to 2024 are analyzed, which revealed a
tendency to increase the number of inspections on roads of national importance and much less attention to
bridges on local roads. The importance of expanding the practice of testing is emphasized, especially for
structures with spans longer than 35 meters and atypical structures, where standard inspections may not be
sufficient to fully assess the technical condition.
SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE IN THE SPECIALTY OF «GEODESY AND LAND MANAGEMENT»: DIRECTIONS AND FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Kostiantyn Mamonov , Nesterenko Serhii ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Vyatkin Roman ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Goi Vasyl ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: December 2024

Summary. It was determined that the current task is to train a highly qualified, competitive specialist, scientist in the field of geodesy and land management by deepening and improving theoretical knowledge and practical skills, professional skills in the specialty of geodesy and land management, forming the ability to conduct scientific research and create modern systems of geospatial support and land use with the application, including the directions and features of the implementation of scientific and pedagogical practice. The study achieved the goal of determining the directions and features of the implementation of scientific and pedagogical practice of applicants at the third educational and scientific level in the specialty 193 «Geodesy and land management». The study solved the following tasks: characterization of existing approaches to conducting scientific and pedagogical practice of applicants at the third educational and scientific level in the specialty 193 «Geodesy and land management»; determination of the features of the implementation of educational and scientific practice.
Scientific and pedagogical practice is determined by the features of its implementation, which includes methods of forming and improving pedagogical skills as a multifaceted process, which is implemented through the prism of a set of methods. The necessity and importance of scientific and pedagogical practice for applicants has been established, since its implementation allows forming a personality who can implement complex educational and scientific tasks in the field of geodesy, land management, cadastre, and the use of geographic information systems. In this case, results are formed and general scientific and special research methods are applied.
Keywords: scientific and pedagogical practice, applicants at the third educational and scientific level, geodesy, land management, cadastre, geographic information systems, research methods, educational activities.
ANALYSIS OF EXCESSIVE KINETIC ENERGY OF WATER FLOW EXTINGUISHER DESIGNS
Authors:   National Transport University, Нarkusha Mykola
Published: December 2024

Summary. Road culverts are the most massive artificial structures on highways. It is worth to mention that the lower buffet of such structures works under difficult operating conditions, which are characterized by significant unevenness of the distribution of specific costs, high flow kinetics, saturation of the flow with bottom sediments, stones, debris, which causes erosion of the downstream of the structure and the destruction of the embankment and artificial buildings
It is possible to prevent the formation of dangerous forms of fluid movement in the downstream of road culverts made of metal corrugated structures by using engineering structures that make it possible to change the mechanism of movement and the speed structure of the flow behind the culvert, which can be achieved by installing an extinguisher of energy, which makes it possible to ensure equalization by the width of the discharge channel of costs, depths, speed and reduction of their pulsation.
The article analyzes the designs of extinguishers of excessive kinetic energy of the water flow.
Key words: breakwater wall, energy extinguisher, culvert, reliability, downstream.
INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF DAMAGED PIPES BY THE METHOD OF USING METAL CORRUGATED STRUCTURES WITH THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING HYDRAULIC RESISTANCES AND COSTS OF CORRUGATED STRUCTURES
Authors:   National Transport University, Karnakov Ihor
Published: December 2024

Summary. The article is devoted to conducting research aimed at increasing the durability of damaged reinforced concrete pipes by the sleeve method, using metal corrugated structures. As well as improving the methodology for estimating hydraulic resistances and costs when reinforced damaged reinforced concrete pipes with metal corrugated structures.
The purpose of the work is to improve the technology for increasing the durability of damaged reinforced concrete pipes and the methodology for assessing the hydraulic resistance and costs of restored structures with metal corrugated structures. This will ensure reliable and long-lasting operation of damaged and defective reinforced concrete structures in operational conditions.
The object of research is a damaged reinforced concrete pipe restored with metal corrugated structures.
The technology of strengthening defective or damaged reinforced concrete pipes in operating conditions using metal corrugated structures is given.
It was established that the technology of the "sanitation of pipes" method allows restoring the load-bearing capacity and increasing the durability of damaged pipes without blocking the movement of vehicles.
The methodology for estimating the hydraulic resistance and consumption of metal corrugated pipes depending on the average speed of water movement in road pipes is given.
It has been established that in order to choose the optimal diameter of the road culvert, it is necessary to find its value for various possible values of the flow and choose the maximum that is closest to the determined experimental value or determined on the basis of statistical data.
Key words: damaged reinforced concrete pipe, metal corrugated structures, casing method, hydraulic resistance, consumption.
FEATURES OF THE LABOR MARKET IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF HYBRID THREATS
Authors:   National Transport University, Dudka Tamara , Haydai Hanna ,   National Transport University, Shvets Lyudmila ,   National Transport University, Kryvosheeva Svitlana ,   National Transport University, Daniva Valeria ,   National Transport University
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article examines the impact of the military conflict on the labor market in Ukraine and ways to overcome the economic crisis in this area.
The object of the research is the labor market of Ukraine under martial law, in particular the level of employment, unemployment and problems of integration of internally displaced persons (IDPs).
The purpose of the study is to study the impact of hostilities on the labor market and develop recommendations for improving the situation.
The research method is analytical.
During the war, Ukraine's labor market has undergone significant changes, including a decrease in the number of jobs, an increase in unemployment, and a shortage of qualified personnel. The study focuses on the need to create flexible forms of employment, retrain IDPs, develop dual education and support young people in the labor market. The authors recommend strengthening measures for the reintegration of IDPs, as well as adapting labor legislation to new challenges.
The study proves that creating favorable conditions for employment is important for overcoming the crisis in the labor market and restoring the country's economy.
Keywords: labor market, martial law, economic crisis, employment, unemployment, internally displaced persons, migration, motivation of employees, youth employment, flexible forms of employment, remote work, shortage of personnel, retraining, social stability, vocational training, state support.
PENGARUH KADAR AIR TERHADAP MASA SIMPAN OLAHAN PANGAN DENGAN TEKNOLOGI STERILISASI SUHU TINGGI
Authors: Sinaga Retta Uli Yohana Getsemani , Moentamaria Dwina
Published: December 2024

Kualitas produk pangan Ready To Eat (RTE) sangat dipengaruhi oleh kadar air yang berpotensi untuk ditumbuhi mikroorganisme yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pangan. Teknologi sterilisasi suhu tinggi dengan autoclave diharapkan mampu untuk mematikan mikroorganisme, sehingga bahan pangan aman dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar air produk ayam gulai yang disterilisasi menggunakan autoclave terhadap masa simpannya. Kondisi sterilisasi dilakukan pada suhu 121°C dan 130°C, dengan waktu pemanasan selama 3, 6, 9, 12, dan 15 menit. Kemasan retort pouch digunakan untuk sterilisasi pada suhu tinggi. Hasil produk sterilisasi disimpan pada suhu ruang selama 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, dan 8 minggu. Uji dilakukan pada produk yang disterilisasi melalui analisa total bakteri dan kadar air dengan metode Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk RTE ayam gulai yang telah disterilisasi pada suhu tinggi 121°C dan 130°C, dengan waktu penyimpanan hingga 8 minggu, mempunyai kadar air masing-masing 29% dan 36,5% serta semua produk tidak ditumbuhi mikroorganisme. Produk RTE yang tidak ditumbuhi mikroorganisme mengindikasikan proses sterilisasi pada suhu tinggi sangat tepat dilakukan untuk olahan pangan dengan masa simpan relatif lama tanpa menurunkan nilai gizinya.
"Será uma honra para o país e para o amigo"
Authors: Castello Branco Marta
Published: December 2024

A atuação musical do frei franciscano, Pedro Sinzig (1876-1952), que aguarda ainda ser investigada em suas mais diversas expressões, se apresenta na correspondência bilíngue a Curt Lange, escrita em alemão e em português, sobretudo em seu aspecto musicológico. A partir do diálogo entre editores de periódicos musicais, nos deparamos com temas caros à música brasileira da primeira metade do século vinte, como a formação de associações e a criação de obras de referência. Nosso método de investigação inclui o estudo da totalidade de cartas e demais manuscritos do Acervo Curt Lange, assim como de documentos e fontes secundárias a eles relacionados. Constatamos a relevância que a formação de redes locais de informações, pessoas e instituições exercem sobre o fazer musical e sua consequente expansão internacional, assim como a importância do trabalho de Sinzig nas interfaces entre fenômenos religiosos e seculares, e em seu consequente impacto social.
Diagnostic potential of blood-based biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Holm Nielsen Signe , Karsdal Morten , Manoel Bruna , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Henriksen Kim
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). There is a significant delay in diagnosing MS as the symptoms and tests overlap with other diseases. Blood-based biomarkers, which quantify fragments of proteins involved in MS pathophysiology, have the potential as diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, we evaluated biomarkers by immunoassays, of tissue destruction, reflected by biglycan degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (BGM), cathepsin S-degraded nidogen (NIC), and MMP-degraded secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC-M) in healthy donors and patients diagnosed with MS. The biomarkers were able to separate the two groups with an AUC = 0.710, AUC = 0.765, and AUC = 0.875, respectively. These pathologically released protein fragments could potentially be used as biomarkers in clinical management providing a specific protein fingerprint.
Algorithmic Advances for 1.5-Dimensional Two-Stage Cutting Stock Problem
Authors: Grieco Antonio , Caricato Pierpaolo , Margiotta Paolo
Published: December 2024

The Cutting Stock Problem (CSP) is an optimization challenge that involves dividing large objects into smaller components while considering various managerial objectives. The problem’s complexity can differ based on factors such as object dimensionality, the number of cutting stages required, and any technological constraints. The demand for coils of varying sizes and quantities necessitates intermediate splitting and slitting stages to produce the finished rolls. Additionally, relationships between orders are affected by dimensional variations at each stage of processing. This specific variant of the problem is known as the One-and-a-Half Dimensional Two-Stage Cutting Stock Problem (1.5-D TSCSP). To address the 1.5-D TSCSP, two algorithmic approaches were developed: the Generate-and-Solve (G&S) method and a hybrid Row-and-Column Generation (R&CG) approach. Both aim to minimize total trim loss while navigating the complexities of the problem. Inspired by existing problems in the literature for simpler versions of the problem, a set of randomly generated test cases was prepared, as detailed in this paper. An implementation of the two approaches was used to obtain solutions for the generated test campaign. The simpler G&S approach demonstrated superior performance in solving smaller instances of the problem, while the R&CG approach exhibited greater efficiency and provided superior solutions for larger instances.
Optimizing Velocity Field Measurement with 3D-Printed Particles and MATLAB: A Cost-Effective System for Flow Visualization
Authors: Aliaga-Maraver José Juan , Rodríguez-Sevillano Ángel Antonio , Casati-Calzada María Jesús , Bardera-Mora Rafael , Barroso-Barderas Estela , García-Matías Juan Carlos , Láinez-Muñiz Alfonso , Visentin Davide
Published: December 2024

This article aims to highlight the importance of including quantitative measurements when conducting flow visualization tests, such as those performed in towing tanks, within fluid mechanics analysis. It investigates the possibility of measuring velocity fields with an economically accessible technique compared to other techniques that require large financial investments, such as traditional PIV. The development of a MATLAB R2024b code based on image recognition and the use of 3D-printed tracer particles is proposed. Code workflow and how to make a correct selection of the processing parameters and its activity are explained and demonstrated on artificial images, generated by a computer, as well as real images, obtained in a 2D-test in the tank, achieving an accuracy, in absolute values, of 95%. However, the proposed velocimetry system currently has one important limitation, the impossibility of distinguishing between particles in different planes, which limits the study to two-dimensional tests. Then, the opportunity to include this technique in the study of more complex tests requires further investigation.
Analysis of Electromagnetic Interference Effects of 5G Signals on Radio Altimeters
Authors: Duan Zhaobin , Xu Ke , Ma Zhenyang , Wang Peng
Published: December 2024

An analytical method is introduced to assess the susceptibility of radio altimeter (RA) receivers to adjacent-band fifth-generation (5G) signal interference and to quantify its impact on RA performance. The power-series method is employed to analyze the intermediate frequency (IF) signal gain compression effect of 5G signal interference on RA receivers. A behavioral-level simulation model of the RA receiver’s radio frequency (RF) front-end is constructed based on the advanced design system (ADS), and a 5G signal injection simulation is performed. The simulation results indicate that 5G signals can induce nonlinear effects in the RF front-end circuit of the RA, leading to IF signal gain compression, thereby affecting the subsequent signal processing of RA receivers. The interference effect on the RA receiver is influenced by factors such as the power and frequency of the 5G interference signal. To investigate this, an interference injection test was conducted on a specific RA receiver to validate the aforementioned interference mechanisms. The test results indicate that when the average power of the injected 5G signal at a frequency of 4000 MHz reaches −16 dBm, the IF signal power is significantly reduced. As the power of the 5G signal increases, this nonlinear effect becomes more pronounced. Furthermore, the height error ratio significantly increases, with consistent trends observed across different test frequencies. The interference threshold for the RA is lower when the signal frequency is closer to the RA operational signal frequency. Our research results demonstrate the efficacy of this method, providing a reference basis for studies on interference mechanisms and the evaluation of interference effects related to RA receivers within the electromagnetic environment of 5G signals.
Alignment Detection Technology of Chang’e-6 Primary Package Container
Authors: Wang Guanyu , Jin Shenyi , Deng Xiangjin , Qu Yufu
Published: December 2024

The Chang’e-6 mission achieved the first successful sample collection and return from the Moon’s far side. Accurate alignment detection of the primary packaging container is critical for the success of this mission, as it ensures proper retrieval of lunar soil. To address challenges such as complex backgrounds, uneven lighting, and reflective surfaces, this paper introduces an alignment detection method that integrates YOLO object recognition, Devernay subpixel edge detection, and the RANSAC fitting algorithm. By employing both linear and elliptical fitting techniques, the method accurately determines the median line of the primary packaging container, ensuring precise alignment detection. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by an average alignment distance of 0.28 mm with a standard deviation of 0.03 mm in lunar surface images, underscoring its accuracy and reliability.
Flow Analysis of a 300 MW F-Class Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine 1.5 Stage Compressor
Authors: Li Kunhang , Song Bo , Jiang Suyu , Wang Jiao , Fan Xiaojun , Li Jingyin
Published: December 2024

The axial compressor is crucial for heavy-duty gas turbines, with its aerodynamic performance directly affecting efficiency. The current trend in the development of these compressors is to increase the stage load and efficiency, thereby achieving a higher pressure ratio with fewer stages. The aerodynamic characteristics of a 1.5-stage axial compressor from a 300 MW F-class heavy gas turbine at three different rotation speeds (100%, 90%, and 80%) were studied. Specifically, the distribution of the inlet Mach number, shock wave structures, isentropic Mach number of blade surface, and blade surface separation flow characteristics under three typical working conditions, at the near stall (NS) point, maximum efficiency (ME) point, and near choke point (NC), were discussed. The results indicate that at 80% rotational speed, 70~100% spanwise of the compressor rotor blade is operated under the transonic zone. Meanwhile, at 100% rotational speed, almost all the spanwise of the compressor rotor blade is operated under the transonic zone. Furthermore, compared to the detached shock wave observed under the NS condition, the normal passage shock wave observed under the NC condition exhibits more significant changes in shock intensity and shock pattern.
Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Passion Fruit Peel Based on Various Extraction Methods
Authors: Song Ya , Shi Yunxin , Liu Yuting , Ma Yue , Lin Chenwenyi , Nie Ninglang , Song Xuqin , Yang Jian
Published: December 2024

In response to the significant waste of bioresources from passion fruit peels in the current market, aiming to enhance the economic benefits of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from passion fruit peels in the food industry, this study extracted the SDF from passion fruit peels using six different methods and assessed how these methods affected its physicochemical properties. The results indicated that the acid-assisted extraction method (AAE-1) was the most effective at protein removal among the six methods, and the SDF derived from this method had the highest extraction yield (17.05%), cation exchange capacity (1.17 mL/g), total monosaccharide content (92.6620 µg/mg), xylose (3.2187 µg/mg), and mannose (3.7334 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by enzyme-assisted extraction method (EAE) showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (66.67%), reducing sugar content (5.71%), oil-holding capacity (5.86 g/g), and glucose content (55.9662 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by alkali-assisted extraction method (AAE-2) provided the highest water-holding capacity (7.82 g/g), solubility (4.24 mL/g), and rhamnose content (3.0854 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) possessed the highest total sugar content (20.15%), ABTS radical scavenging capacity (65.46%), ferric ion-reducing capacity (58.83%), and galactose content (7.8912 µg/mg). The SDF extracted by hot water-assisted extraction method (HWE) of soluble fiber from passion fruit peels had the highest arabinose content (5.3775 µg/mg) and galacturonic acid content (35.6795 µg/mg), as well as the highest weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn). These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of passion fruit peels.
Isolation and Characterization of the Physiochemical Properties of Brewer’s Spent Grain
Authors: Mainali Kalidas , Yadav Madhav P. , Sharma Brajendra K. , Sarker Majher I. , Ngo Helen , Hotchkiss Arland , Simon Stefanie
Published: December 2024

Large quantities of brewer’s spent grains are not fully utilized even as cattle feed. These feedstocks can be used to produce highly functional biomaterials, carbonaceous materials, and additives. In this investigation, four major fractions were isolated and characterized: Hemicellulose A, Hemicellulose B, cellulosic-rich fraction (CRF), and oligosaccharides. Overall, 21.4% Hemicellulose A, 18.5% Hemicellulose B, 17.4% cellulosic rich fraction, and 5.5% pure oligosaccharides were obtained from the hexane-extracted brewery’s spent grains. Detailed physio-chemical analyses of each fraction showed that these fractions can be used to produce useful products such as emulsifiers, carbonaceous materials, modified cellulosic fibers, additives, as well as N-doped chars. Component analyses revealed that, Hemi. A contains high fixed carbon (20 wt.%), followed by hexane extracted material (17.1 wt.%), CRF (14.6 wt.%), and Hemi. B (14.5%). Standard proximate analyses showed that Hemi. A has the highest protein (66 wt.%), which can be utilized as a renewable solid-state N-precursor as dopants during the thermochemical conversion process. The sugar composition revealed that BSG has a typical arabinoxylan structure with a high percentage of arabinose and xylose. It also contains a high percentage of glucose, which may come from the residual β-glucan present in the BSG. FTIR analyses revealed changes in the structure of each fraction. Hence, BSG and extracted fractions exhibit significant potential for waste valorization, contributing significantly to the full utilization of products from the brewing industry.
Twenty Years of Poland’s EU Membership: What Is Progress in the Agri-Food Sector?
Authors: Pawlak Karolina , Poczta Walenty
Published: December 2024

The paper aims to assess the dynamics of production and income in Polish agriculture against the agriculture in the entire EU and estimate the trade-related effects of participation in the Single European Market over the 20 years of Poland’s EU membership. The analyses showed that a positive phenomenon observed in Polish agriculture after joining the EU was a stable upward trend in agricultural production and the strengthening of farm links with the agricultural market. This was followed by increased agricultural income. Incorporation into the Single European Market triggered an increase in the value of Polish trade in agri-food products. Poland strengthened its position as a net exporter of agri-food products and proved the ability of the food industry to compete effectively in foreign markets. Except for cognitive value, the research can be a benchmark for other countries aspiring to EU membership and constitute a justification for their move toward accession. Long-run ex post analysis of trends in production, income, and foreign trade offers a background for assessing the efficiency of agricultural and trade policy actions taken up to date. The recommendation arising from the analysis and the new conditions related to the European Green Deal and the liberalization of trade policy for the import of agri-food products from outside the European Union is as follows: given the benefits of the liberalization of foreign trade in agri-food products, it should be supported, but it should not be allowed to make agricultural production in the country unprofitable or threaten food self-sufficiency.
Development of a Dual-Sided Soil-Clearing Machine with Scraping, Rotating, and Vibrating Components for Winemaking Grapes
Authors: Li Xiang , Yang Fazhan , Li Baogang , Li Yuhuan , Sun Ruijun , Peng Zehui
Published: December 2024

To address prominent issues in the spring soil removal process for wine grapes in northern China, such as incomplete soil clearing, vine damage, and low operational efficiency, a dual-sided soil removal machine combining scraping, rotary, and vibration functions was designed and developed. The machine primarily consists of a gantry frame, rotary soil components, scraping components, and vibrating components. Using EDEM 2020 discrete element software analysis and Design-Expert 13 orthogonal experiments, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal simulation experiment was conducted, with rotary soil component speed, scraping component angle, and vibrating component frequency as test factors and soil removal rate as the evaluation index. The optimal operating parameters were determined: rotary soil component speed at 720.6 r/min, scraping component angle at 42.4°, and vibrating component frequency at 179.1 Hz, yielding a soil removal efficiency (K value) of 83.48% and the best simulation results. A physical prototype was manufactured, and field experiments were conducted, resulting in an actual soil removal rate of 76.81%, with a deviation of 7.09% from the simulation results. The field test results were consistent with the simulation data, and the exposed vines in the field after soil removal met the operational requirements for actual production. The research outcomes of this machine provide a reference for the further development of dual-sided soil removal equipment for wine grape vines.