bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lightning Detection with SPICE
Authors: Houlahan Padraig
Published: August 2018

Electrical engineers often use software to analyze electrical circuits in order to understand circuit behaviors. Such software allows them to modify components and develop and improve their designs. One popular kind of circuit analysis software is based on SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis). In what follows, I describe how I used LTSPICE from Linear Technology (http://www.linear.com) to explore a lightning detection circuit in which I was interested.
Magnitude of Voriconazole Resistance in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Investigation into the Role of Multidrug Efflux Pumps
Authors: Paul Raees A. , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Dhaliwal Manpreet , Singh Pankaj , Ghosh Anup K. , Kaur Harsimran , Varma Subhash , Agarwal Ritesh , Chakrabarti Arunaloke
Published: August 2018

The magnitude of azole resistance in
Aspergillus flavus
and its underlying mechanism is obscure. We evaluated the frequency of azole resistance in a collection of clinical (
n
= 121) and environmental isolates (
n
= 68) of
A. flavus
by the broth microdilution method.
Incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in English primary care: a cross-sectional and follow-up study of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC)
Authors: Hinton William , McGovern Andrew , Coyle Rachel , Han Thang S , Sharma Pankaj , Correa Ana , Ferreira Filipa , de Lusignan Simon
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To describe incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), its risk factors, medication prescribed to treat CVD and predictors of CVD within a nationally representative dataset.

Design

Cross-sectional study of adults with and without CVD.

Setting

The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is an English primary care sentinel network. RCGP RSC is over 50 years old and one of the oldest in Europe. Practices receive feedback about data quality. This database is primarily used to conduct surveillance and research into influenza, infections and vaccine effectiveness but is also a rich resource for the study of non-communicable disease (NCD). The RCGP RSC network comprised 164 practices at the time of study.

Results

Data were extracted from the records of 1 275 174 adults. Approximately a fifth (21.3%; 95% CI 21.2% to 21.4%) had CVD (myocardial infarction (MI), angina, atrial fibrillation (AF), peripheral arterial disease, stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), congestive cardiac failure) or hypertension. Smoking, unsafe alcohol consumption and obesity were more common among people with CVD. Angiotensin system modulating drugs, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) and calcium channel blockers were the most commonly prescribed CVD medications. Age-adjusted and gender-adjusted annual incidence for AF was 28.2/10 000 (95% CI 27.8 to 28.7); stroke/TIA 17.1/10 000 (95% CI 16.8 to 17.5) and MI 9.8/10 000 (95% CI 9.5 to 10.0). Logistic regression analyses confirmed established CVD risk factors were associated with CVD in the RCGP RSC network dataset.

Conclusions

The RCGP RSC database provides comprehensive information on risk factors, medical diagnosis, physiological measurements and prescription history that could be used in CVD research or pharmacoepidemiology. With the exception of MI, the prevalence of CVDs was higher than in other national data, possibly reflecting data quality. RCGP RSC is an underused resource for research into NCDs and their management and welcomes collaborative opportunities.
Contextual characteristics associated with the perceived neighbourhood scale in a cross-sectional study in a large urban centre in Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Célio Fabiano , Friche Amélia Augusta de Lima , Jennings M Zane , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza , Xavier Cesar Coelho , Proietti Fernando , Coulton Claudia J , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Health outcomes have been associated with physical and social characteristics of neighbourhoods, but little is known about the relationship between contextual factors and perceived neighbourhood scale.

Objective

To identify the contextual factors associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale.

Methods

We analysed data from a cross-sectional population-based study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, that took place in 2008–2009. The dependent variable was perceived neighbourhood, encoded as an ordinal scale based on a brief description of the concept of the neighbourhood, and two independent scales relating distance, expressed in terms of geography and time. Street connectivity, demographic density and residents’ perceptions of the neighbourhoods’ physical and social environment were used as contextual predictors. Individual characteristics were used as covariates. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression models estimated the association between perceived neighbourhood scale and contextual characteristics.

Results

Residents that perceive better walkability (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.82) and high amounts of violence (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.62) perceived their neighbourhoods to be larger, even after adjusting for individual characteristics.

Conclusion

There are contextual factors that are associated with self-perceived neighbourhood scale. Careful definition of neighbourhood scale is a key factor in improving the results of eco-epidemiological studies. Although these findings must be further explored in other studies, these results can contribute to a better understanding of an appropriate choice of neighbourhood scale, especially for cities in Latin America.
For debate: health service support planning for large-scale defensive land operations (part 1)
Authors: Bricknell Martin , Finn A , Palmer J
Published: August 2018

This is the first of two articles that considers the medical planning implications of large-scale defensive military operations. This paper considers the military context and planning factors that may require a medical plan that is different from that seen in recent counterinsurgency operations. The scale and complexity of the challenge is likely to require a greater level of decentralisation and a more sophisticated approach to medical planning at the strategic and operational levels.
Quantification of 27 yolk steroid hormones in seven shrubland bird species: interspecific patterns of hormone deposition and links to life history, development, and predation risk
Authors: Merrill L. , Chiavacci S.J. , Paitz R.T. , Benson T.J.
Published: August 2018

Steroid hormones play critical organizational and activational roles during vertebrate development, impacting everything from sexual differentiation to metabolic activity. For oviparous species such as birds, these hormones are transferred from female to egg during follicle maturation, and differences in relative and absolute concentrations of the steroid hormones may reflect differences in life history, developmental, and ecological conditions. Prior work on yolk steroid hormones has focused on a handful of candidate hormones (e.g., testosterone, androstenedione, and corticosterone), but we used high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC–MS–MS) to quantify 27 yolk steroids from the eggs of seven shrubland bird species (American Robin, Turdus migratorius Linnaeus, 1766; Brown-headed Cowbird, Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783); Brown Thrasher, Toxostoma rufum (Linnaeus, 1758); Eastern Towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus, 1758); Field Sparrow, Spizella pusilla (A. Wilson, 1810); Gray Catbird, Dumetella carolinensis (Linnaeus, 1766); Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)). In addition to comparing steroid profiles across species, we conducted exploratory analyses to determine how the hormones clustered using a principal component (PC) approach and if PCs were correlated with aspects of egg resources (relative egg size, proportion yolk), life-history traits (embryonic and nestling development speed), and nest-predation risk (daily survival rate (DSR)). We documented substantial interspecific variation in both absolute and proportional endocrine profiles. PCAs indicated that glucocorticoids generally clustered together (PC1), but other classes of steroids did not. PC2 and PC3 strongly covaried with egg resources, DSR, and development speed, suggesting that they reflect adaptive patterns of maternal hormone deposition.
How plastic is migratory behavior? Quantifying elevational movement in a partially migratory alpine ungulate, the Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae)
Authors: Spitz D.B. , Hebblewhite M. , Stephenson T.R. , German D.W.
Published: August 2018

Migratory species face well-documented global declines, but the causes of these declines remain unclear. One obstacle to better understanding these declines is uncertainty surrounding how migratory behavior is maintained. Most migratory populations are partially migratory, displaying both migrant and resident behaviors. Theory only provides two possible explanations for this coexistence of migration and residency: either these behaviors are fixed at the individual level or both behaviors are part of a single conditional strategy in which an individual’s migratory status (adoption of migrant or resident behavior) is plastic. Here we test for plasticity in migratory status and tactics (timing, distance, and duration of migration) in a federally endangered mountain caprid, the Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae Grinnell, 1912). We used nonlinear modeling to quantitatively describe migratory behavior, analyzing 262 animal-years of GPS location data collected between 2005 and 2016 from 161 females across 14 subpopulations. Migratory tactics and prevalence varied by subpopulation. On average, individuals from partially migratory subpopulations switched migratory status every 4 years. Our results support the hypothesis that partial migration is maintained through a single conditional strategy. Understanding plasticity in migratory behavior will improve monitoring efforts and provide a rigorous basis for evaluating threats, particularly those associated with changing climate.
A review of conjectured laws of total mass of Bacry–Muzy GMC measures on the interval and circle and their applications
Authors: Ostrovsky Dmitry
Published: August 2018

Selberg and Morris integral probability distributions are long conjectured to be distributions of the total mass of the Bacry–Muzy Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos measures with non-random logarithmic potentials on the unit interval and circle, respectively. The construction and properties of these distributions are reviewed from three perspectives: Analytic based on several representations of the Mellin transform, asymptotic based on low intermittency expansions, and probabilistic based on the theory of Barnes beta probability distributions. In particular, positive and negative integer moments, infinite factorizations and involution invariance of the Mellin transform, analytic and probabilistic proofs of infinite divisibility of the logarithm, factorizations into products of Barnes beta distributions, and Stieltjes moment problems of these distributions are presented in detail. Applications are given in the form of conjectured mod-Gaussian limit theorems, laws of derivative martingales, distribution of extrema of [Formula: see text] noises, and calculations of inverse participation ratios in the Fyodorov–Bouchaud model.
Safety Ensurence Research on the Regenerative Braking System of Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Dong Yangyang
Published: August 2018

The safety problem is the primary factor that should be viewed in the regenerative braking system design of vehicles. To ensure braking safety and battery safety of the electrical vehicles (EVs) a regenerative braking system contain us two fuzzy logic controllers is designed in the paper. In the system, one controller includes slip coefficient, vehicle speed and the driver’s brake requirement to ensure braking security and the other takes battery State of Charge (SOC) and temperature as inputs to assure battery safety. Then, two proportional coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] satisfying the safety needs are introduced into the braking system. At last, the simulation model is established in the simulation software-ADVISOR (ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR). Through simulation, the results verify that more energy can be regenerated from braking under the conditions of ensuring braking and batteries safety.
Design of a Hybrid Accumulator Architecture for Harvesting and Storing of Power in WSN using an Adaptive Power Organizing Algorithm
Authors: Senthilkumar R. , Tamilselvan G. M.
Published: August 2018

Converting the harnessed energy from the environment or other energy sources to electrical energy is referred to as energy harvesting. The need of energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks is an essential issue to be handled to allow adequacy of the innovation in a wide range of utilizations. The maximum energy should be harvested from the solar panels and it should be stored and managed effectively to power the nodes in the wireless network. For this purpose, a solution proposed in this paper utilizes a hybrid accumulator architecture that combines the advantages of an effectively controlled “battery and ultra-capacitor (UC)” where the power stream from a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery is combined with a UC for power upgrade and conveyance to the stack proficiently and using a new adaptive power organizing algorithm, management of power in the battery and capacitor can be performed. The proposed design is implemented in Simulink and the results show the effect of the hybrid design.
φ-Entropies: convexity, coercivity and hypocoercivity for Fokker–Planck and kinetic Fokker–Planck equations
Authors: Dolbeault Jean , Li Xingyu
Published: August 2018

This paper is devoted to [Formula: see text]-entropies applied to Fokker–Planck and kinetic Fokker–Planck equations in the whole space, with confinement. The so-called [Formula: see text]-entropies are Lyapunov functionals which typically interpolate between Gibbs entropies and [Formula: see text] estimates. We review some of their properties in the case of diffusion equations of Fokker–Planck type, give new and simplified proofs, and then adapt these methods to a kinetic Fokker–Planck equation acting on a phase space with positions and velocities. At kinetic level, since the diffusion only acts on the velocity variable, the transport operator plays an essential role in the relaxation process. Here we adopt the [Formula: see text] point of view and establish a sharp decay rate. Rather than giving general but quantitatively vague estimates, our goal here is to consider simple cases, benchmark available methods and obtain sharp estimates on a key example. Some [Formula: see text]-entropies give rise to improved entropy–entropy production inequalities and, as a consequence, to faster decay rates for entropy estimates of solutions to non-degenerate diffusion equations. We prove that faster entropy decay also holds at kinetic level away from equilibrium and that optimal decay rates are achieved only in asymptotic regimes.
Going from asymmetric nuclei to neutron stars to tidal polarizability in gravitational waves
Authors: Rho Mannque , Ma Yong-Liang
Published: August 2018

Among the five-year government-funded World Class University (WCU) Projects in Korea, the category-3 program approved at Hanyang University in Seoul led to an exploratory effort to go from neutron-rich nuclei to dense matter in neutron stars. The principal results in what transpired in the effort — and what followed afterwards — are described with the focus on the possibly important, hitherto unexplored, role played in nuclear dynamics of topology and hidden symmetries of QCD. The potential link to the proton mass problem is pointed out.
Nambu–Poisson bracket on superspace
Authors: Abramov Viktor
Published: August 2018

We propose an extension of [Formula: see text]-ary Nambu–Poisson bracket to superspace [Formula: see text] and construct by means of superdeterminant a family of Nambu–Poisson algebras of even degree functions, where the parameter of this family is an invertible transformation of Grassmann coordinates in superspace [Formula: see text]. We prove in the case of the superspaces [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] that our [Formula: see text]-ary bracket, defined with the help of superdeterminant, satisfies the conditions for [Formula: see text]-ary Nambu–Poisson bracket, i.e. it is totally skew-symmetric and it satisfies the Leibniz rule and the Filippov–Jacobi identity (fundamental identity). We study the structure of [Formula: see text]-ary bracket defined with the help of superdeterminant in the case of superspace [Formula: see text] and show that it is the sum of usual [Formula: see text]-ary Nambu–Poisson bracket and a new [Formula: see text]-ary bracket, which we call [Formula: see text]-bracket, where [Formula: see text] is the product of two odd degree smooth functions.
Some Mellin transforms for the Riemann zeta function in the critical strip
Authors: Patkowski Alexander E
Published: August 2018

We offer two new Mellin transform evaluations for the Riemann zeta function in the region [Formula: see text]. Some discussion is offered in the way of evaluating some further Fourier integrals involving the Riemann xi function.
“cases? for φ also” a question raised by Ramanujan
Authors: Vasuki K. R. , Bhuvan E. N.
Published: August 2018

On pages 51–53 of his lost notebook, S. Ramanujan has recorded several incomplete elliptic integral identities of the first kind. In the process, he raises a question “cases? for [Formula: see text] also”, where he intends to obtain identities involving the [Formula: see text] function. Motivated by this, we obtain two new identities involving the [Formula: see text] function.
On estimates of the Mertens function
Authors: Saha Biswajyoti , Sankaranarayanan Ayyadurai
Published: August 2018

Assuming the simplicity of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function [Formula: see text], Gonek and Hejhal studied the sum [Formula: see text] for real number [Formula: see text] and conjectured that [Formula: see text] for any real [Formula: see text]. Assuming Riemann hypothesis and [Formula: see text], Ng [11] proved that the Mertens function [Formula: see text]. He also pointed out that with the additional hypothesis of [Formula: see text] one gets [Formula: see text]. Here we show that [Formula: see text] for any real number [Formula: see text], under similar hypotheses.
News from the SIGs
Authors: Walker Ellen
Published: August 2018

In this issue of News from the SIGs, we present a discussion of issues surrounding gender from SIGCSE board chair Amber Settle.
Traffic-aware reconfigurable architecture for fault-tolerant 2D mesh NoCs
Authors: Bahrebar Poona , Stroobandt Dirk
Published: August 2018

With the aggressive scaling of the VLSI technology, Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) are becoming more susceptible to faults. Therefore, designing reliable and efficient NoCs is of significant importance. The rerouting approach which is employed in most of the fault-tolerant methods causes the network performance to degrade considerably due to taking longer paths and creating hotspots around the faults. Moreover, they cannot adapt to the dynamic traffic distribution in the network. Considering the increasing demands for real-time systems, the necessity for designing reconfigurable and robust NoCs is even more pronounced. In this paper, a dynamically reconfigurable technique is proposed to address fault-tolerance and minimal routing in mesh NoCs. To accomplish this goal, the router architecture is modified to enable the frequently communicating nodes to bypass the faulty router and communicate through shorter paths. Thus, not only the rerouting is minimized, the connectivity of the network is maintained in the vicinity of faults. The experimental results validate the performance and reliability of the proposed technique with a small hardware overhead.
Kidney Nephron Determination
Authors: Oxburgh Leif
Published: August 2018

The nephron is a multifunctional filtration device equipped with an array of sophisticated sensors. For appropriate physiological function in the human and mouse, nephrons must be stereotypically arrayed in large numbers, and this essential structural property that defines the kidney is determined during its fetal development. This review explores the process of nephron determination in the fetal kidney, providing an overview of the foundational literature in the field as well as exploring new developments in this dynamic research area. Mechanisms that ensure that a large number of nephrons can be formed from a small initial number of progenitor cells are central to this process, and the question of how the nephron progenitor cell population balances epithelial differentiation with renewal in the progenitor state is a subject of particular interest. Key growth factor signaling pathways and transcription factor networks are discussed.
The Deep Past Controls the Phylogenetic Structure of Present, Local Communities
Authors: Gerhold Pille , Carlucci Marcos B. , Procheş Şerban , Prinzing Andreas
Published: August 2018

Coexisting species may be evolutionarily proximate or distant, resulting in phylogenetically poor or rich communities. This variation is often considered to result from present assembly processes. We argue that, under certain conditions, deep-past processes might control the phylogenetic diversity of communities. First, deep-past effects involve macroevolutionary processes, such as diversification rate, niche conservatism, or dispersal, in the lineages that constitute communities. Second, deep-past processes in the respective region or in the habitat type play a role, for instance, through age, area, stability, or connectivity. Third, the deep past may affect communities via trophic interactions (i.e., communities of enemies or mutualists or communities of hosts). We suggest that deep-past effects can be identified in local communities by measuring phylogenetic diversity in different species pools. We also show how community phylogenetic diversity results in positive or negative eco-evolutionary feedback, and we identify present-day conservation challenges that may profit from a deep-time perspective.
The Evolution of the UNFCCC
Authors: Kuyper Jonathan , Schroeder Heike , Linnér Björn-Ola
Published: August 2018

This article takes stock of the evolution of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through the prism of three recent shifts: the move away from targeting industrial country emissions in a legally binding manner under the Kyoto Protocol to mandating voluntary contributions from all countries under the Paris Agreement; the shift from the top-down Kyoto architecture to the hybrid Paris outcome; and the broadening out from a mitigation focus under Kyoto to a triple goal comprising mitigation, adaptation, and finance under Paris. This review discusses the implications of these processes for the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of the UNFCCC's institutional and operational settings for meeting the convention's objectives. It ends by sketching three potential scenarios facing the UNFCCC as it seeks to coordinate the Paris Agreement and its relationship to the wider landscape of global climate action.
Computational Modeling of Phonological Learning
Authors: Jarosz Gaja
Published: August 2018

Recent advances in computational modeling have led to significant discoveries about the representation and acquisition of phonological knowledge and the limits on language learning and variation. These discoveries are the result of applying computational learning models to increasingly rich and complex natural language data while making increasingly realistic assumptions about the learning task. This article reviews the recent developments in computational modeling that have made connections between fully explicit theories of learning, naturally occurring corpus data, and the richness of psycholinguistic and typological data possible. These advances fall into two broad research areas: ( a) the development of models capable of learning the quantitative, noisy, and inconsistent patterns that are characteristic of naturalistic data and ( b) the development of models with the capacity to learn hidden phonological structure from unlabeled data. After reviewing these advances, the article summarizes some of the most significant consequent discoveries.
Dark Matter Searches at Colliders
Authors: Boveia Antonio , Doglioni Caterina
Published: August 2018

Colliders, among the most successful tools of particle physics, have revealed much about matter. This review describes how colliders contribute to the search for particle dark matter, focusing on the highest-energy collider currently in operation, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. In the absence of hints about the character of interactions between dark matter and standard matter, this review emphasizes what could be observed in the near future, presents the main experimental challenges, and discusses how collider searches fit into the broader field of dark matter searches. Finally, it highlights a few areas to watch for the future LHC program.
Prevalence of Actinic Keratosis in Patients Attending General Practitioners in Switzerland
Authors: Dziunycz Piotr J. , Schuller Elisabeth , Hofbauer Günther F.L.
Published: August 2018

Background: Most of the data concerning the prevalence of actinic keratosis (AK) originate from the USA and Australia, and recently from Austria and Spain, but are based on populations in dermatology practices. Switzerland is the leading country with skin cancer incidence in Europe. AK prevalence among the Swiss population is therefore an important public health issue. Objective: To assess the prevalence of AK in the outpatient Swiss population in general practice. Methods: General practitioners captured AK diagnosis stage and localization in consecutive patients, who attended the physician for any reason. Results: A total of 2,844 consecutive patients (55.7% female) were enrolled in 59 general practitioners’ offices. AK prevalence was 25.3% and increased steadily with age; 33% of men and 19% of women were diagnosed with AK. Every second AK patient declared leisure-related UV exposure, while only 23% were exposed to UV occupationally; 16% of the patients were UV exposed both occupationally and during leisure. AK distribution among sun-exposed body sites and extent of disease varied by sex. Conclusion: In Switzerland AK is a common diagnosis in dermatology practices. Since up to 5% of AK may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), prevention of AK, as well as education of patients and general practitioners, may play a critical role for subsequent SCC development. This is the first study on AK prevalence in Switzerland identifying patients most affected by AK. These results will help to define future approaches to target general practitioners for education, screening, and specific intervention in patients with AK.
Clavariadelphus elongatus sp. nov. (Basidiomycota; Clavariadelphaceae)-Addition to the Club Fungi of Pakistan
Authors: SHER HASSAN , KHAN JUNAID , KHALID ABDUL NASIR
Published: August 2018

Clavariadelphus elongatus is described and illustrated as a new species from moist temperate forests of Pakistan. It is characterized by large subcylindrical basidiomata, light yellowish-pink to grayish-reddish orange coloration at maturity and ovoid to ellipsoid basidiospores. A morphological description and line drawings of anatomical structures for the new species are presented and comparison with closely allied taxa discussed. Molecular data inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS regions supports the recognition of the new species reported herein.
Paraclaravis, a new genus for the Purple-winged and Maroon-chested Ground-doves (Aves: Columbidae)
Authors: SANGSTER GEORGE , SWEET ANDREW D. , JOHNSON KEVIN P.
Published: August 2018

Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses and new analyses reported here demonstrate that the genus Claravis is not monophyletic and comprises two lineages, one with the species pretiosa Ferrari-Pérez, 1886 (Blue Ground-dove), and the other with two species: geoffroyi Temminck, 1811 (Purple-winged Ground-dove) and mondetoura Bonaparte, 1856 (Maroon-chested Ground-dove). Because the generic name Claravis is typified by C. pretiosa (Ferrari-Pérez, 1886), a new genus, Paraclaravis gen. nov., is described for geoffroyi Temminck, 1811 and mondetoura Bonaparte, 1856.
Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on three South-East Asian species of Amata (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Syntomini)
Authors: DE FREINA JOSEF J. , PRINS WILLY DE
Published: August 2018

The taxonomy and nomenclature of three South-East Asian species of Amata all named leopoldi is clarified. Leopoldina leopoldi Hering, 1934 syn. n., is synonymized with Amata sperbius (Fabricius, 1787), Syntomis leopoldi Hering, 1934 is transferred to Amata as Amata leopoldi (Hering, 1934) comb. n. and Syntomis leopoldi Tams, 1935 is renamed as Amata tamsi nom. n., due to its primary homonymy with Syntomis leopoldi Hering, 1934. A synonymic list of the three species is provided, together with a colour plate of the holotypes and other relevant specimens.
Afroanomalia pseudoclistopyga, a new genus and species of pimpline parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from the Afrotropical region
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR
Published: August 2018

Afroanomalia pseudoclistopyga gen. & sp. n. from Burundi is described and illustrated. The new genus is distinguished from all other Pimplinae by the combination of the following characters: occipital carina dorsally distinct and straight; pronotum strongly swollen laterally, wider than mesoscutum in dorsal view; propodeum elongate, submetapleural carina absent, at least distally; fore wing with vein 3rm absent, hind wing with distance between distal abscissa of Cu1 and M longer than vein cu-a, female hypopygium large and projecting; ovipositor long and straight, lower valve with strongly backwards projecting apical teeth.
A new Moenkhausia (Actinopterygii: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Negro basin, Brazil
Authors: LIMA FLÁVIO C.T. , SOARES ISABEL M.
Published: August 2018

A new species of Moenkhausia is described from the upper rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except M. agnesae, by presenting a color pattern characterized by the presence of two irregularly-shaped humeral blotches, and the presence of dark longitudinal stripes on the dorsal portion of the body. The new species can be readily separated from M. agnesae by presenting longitudinal stripes straight and more conspicuous dorsally, humeral blotches contacting each other, 2–3 tricuspid maxillary teeth, 32–35 lateral-line scales, and length of maxilla 45.3–51.0% in head length.
On the type species of Geophilus Gistel, 1834 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)
Authors: NARDI GIANLUCA , DELLACASA GIOVANNI , DELLACASA MARCO
Published: August 2018

Geophilus Gistel, 1834 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) is invalid being a junior homonym of Geophilus Leach, 1814 (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Geophilidae) and of Geophilus Schönherr, 1823 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae).        Scarabaeus asper Fabricius, 1775 was recently designated as type species of Geophilus Gistel, 1834, making Geophilus a junior synonym of Psammodius Fallén, 1807 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini: Psammodiina). However, there is clear evidence that Scarabaeus asper Fabricius, 1775 sensu Gistel, 1834 is Ptinus germanus Linnaeus, 1767, currently Rhyssemus germanus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini: Rhyssemina). To resolve this issue, the type species of Geophilus Gistel, 1834 is here fixed (under Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) as Ptinus germanus Linnaeus, 1767, misidentified as Scarabaeus asper Fabricius, 1775 in the original paper.        Scarabaeus asper Fabricius, 1775 sensu Mulsant, 1842 (= Ptinus germanus Linnaeus, 1767) is the type species of Rhyssemus Mulsant, 1842, therefore Rhyssemus Mulsant, 1842 is a junior synonym of Geophilus Gistel, 1834 (new synonymy). Although it has priority, Geophilus Gistel, 1834 is a junior homonym and therefore invalid, so Rhyssemus Mulsant, 1842 remains the valid name of this taxon.
On the need of providing tooth morphology in descriptions of extant elasmobranch species
Authors: GUINOT GUILLAUME , ADNET SYLVAIN , SHIMADA KENSHU , SHIMADA KENSHU , UNDERWOOD CHARLIE J. , SIVERSSON MIKAEL , WARD DAVID J. , KRIWET JÜRGEN , CAPPETTA HENRI
Published: August 2018

Elasmobranchii is a clade of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) that comprises sharks, skates and rays represented today by approximately 1,200 species. Chondrichthyans have a long evolutionary history dating back to the Late Ordovician (ca. 450 million years ago [Mya]) based on isolated dermal denticles (Janvier 1996). Other remains such as articulated skeletons and teeth are known from the Lower Devonian (ca. 410 Mya: Mader 1986; Miller et al. 2003). The fossil record of modern elasmobranchs (Neoselachii) can be traced back to the Early Permian (ca. 290 Mya) and is represented by isolated teeth (Ivanov 2005), with fossils of crown group sharks and rays appearing in Lower Jurassic (ca. 200 Mya) rocks (e.g., Cappetta 2012). Since their appearance in the geological record, elasmobranchs are mainly represented by isolated teeth, whereas articulated skeletons are very rare and restricted to a small number of fossil localities (e.g., Cappetta 2012). The scarcity of skeletal remains in their fossil record is due to their poorly mineralized cartilaginous skeleton that requires special taphonomical conditions to be preserved. Elasmobranch teeth, in contrast, are composed of highly mineralized tissues (hydroxyapatite) that have a strong preservation potential (Shimada 2006). In addition, elasmobranchs replace their teeth continuously over the course of their life span (polyphyodonty) and therefore shed thousands of teeth in their lifetime (Reif et al. 1978; Schnetz et al. 2016) leading to large numbers of potential fossils. These morphologically highly diverse isolated teeth constitute much of the rich fossil record of elasmobranchs, and largely form the basis of our understanding of elasmobranch diversity and evolution through geological time.
Early Developments in the Theory of the Saturated Adiabatic Process
Authors: McDonald J. E.
Published: August 2018

A study of the history of the early developments in the theory of the saturated adiabatic process reveals that the first quantitative formulation of both the dry- and the saturated-adiabatic cooling rates were given by the British physicist, William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), in a paper read in 1862, although the first published analysis was presented in 1864 by a Swiss meteorologist, Reye. Reye's paper presents both the differential form and the exact integrated form of the reversible saturated adiabatic relationship, which thus attained its modern form at the moment of its first appearance. Reye also gave a very clear, though brief, discussion of the concepts of atmospheric stability of both dry and saturated layers. The papers of Hann (1874) and Hertz (1884), frequently misquoted as the original treatments of the saturated adiabatic theory, are thus shown to be secondary papers in the actual history of this important theory.
wind velocity measurements using sonic techniques1
Authors: Kelton Gilbert , Bricout Pierre
Published: August 2018

A unique technique has been devised to measure wind speed and direction in space without any local sensor, artificial target, or any structure erected over the ground being necessary. Continuous recordings of wind speed and direction at a distance of 70 ft from a sonic source have been obtained by measuring the frequency shift of sonic waves scattered from a narrow beam generated by a powerful Levavasseur whistle at 10 kc. Two receivers in orthogonal directions with respect to the source provide continuous readings of the horizontal components of wind velocity. The series of over 300 sonic measurements on winds from 3 to 25 mph show average difference readings compared with an Aerovane anemometer not larger than ± 1.0 mph for speed nor ± 5.0° for direction, indicating a high degree of correlation between the sonic system and the more commonly used propeller type anemometers.
associations between aircraft measurements of turbulence and weather radar measurements1
Authors: Kessler Edwin , Lee Jean T. , Wilk Kenneth E.
Published: August 2018

Aircraft have been guided with the aid of radar data to measure turbulence in thunderstorm areas. Although turbulence is frequently encountered in areas containing highly reflective and sharp-edged echoes, no unique correspondence has been discovered between single-echo parameters and collocated within-storm turbulence. A theory embracing some of the time-dependent relationships between fields of wind and precipitation suggests that the correspondence between instantaneous distributions of radar echoes and turbulence is statistical rather than precise. Statistical bases for study of radar echo-turbulence relationships are outlined.
Meteorological Rocket Network probing of the stratosphere and lower mesosphere
Authors: Webb Willis L. , Giraytys James , Tolefson Harold B. , Forsberg R. C. , Vick Robert I. , Daniel Orville H. , Tucker Leon R.
Published: August 2018

The status of the Meteorological Rocket Network (MRN) is presented at the end of the first six years operation. A total of twenty stations were active at the end of 1965 and almost 6000 observations had been collected. The latest instrumentation systems employed in the MRN are described, and the general results of certain MRN data analyses are presented. The MRN data illustrate very clearly the need for a global MRN to adequately observe the stratospheric circulation.
on the measurement of dust devil parameters
Authors: Lamberth Roy L.
Published: August 2018

Instruments and techniques are described which were used in a study of dust devils which was made with stationary sensors in the desert of southern New Mexico. Results of observation of 21 storms including measurements of pressure, wind velocity, and other parameters are presented in tabular form. Wind speeds less than 40 knots and pressure decreases of a few millibars were typical. The dust devils were about equally divided between those rotating cyclonically and anticyclonically. A more complete study of dust devils could be made using mobile sensors with more rapid response characteristics, better definition and lower overshoot than those used in this study.
all zone meteorological balloons
Authors: Sharenow Moses
Published: August 2018

Current standard meteorological balloon types do not meet Army world-wide tactical requirements for a high-altitude (100,000 ft) balloon in that they perform inadequately at the extreme climatic conditions that exist in both arctic and tropic regions at night. Investigative studies have led to the development of experimental balloon models that have penetrated the very cold tropical stratosphere with a high degree of success. Performance in the arctic night, although somewhat improved, still lacks the consistent reliability required for field use. The balloon developed is similar in physical dimensions and appearance to the balloon used by Army, USAF, and Weather Bureau rawinsonde stations in temperate latitudes.
possibilities of major climatic modification and their implications: Northwest India, a case for study1
Authors: Bryson Reid A. , Baerreis David A.
Published: August 2018

On the basis of field observations and theoretical studies it is believed that the dense pall of local dust over northwestern India and West Pakistan is a significant factor in the development of subsidence over the desert. Archeological evidence derived from the northern portion of the desert within India suggests a pattern of intermittent occupation with the role of man being important in making the desert. As man has made the desert, so through surface stabilization can he reduce the dust and consequently modify the subsidence and precipitation patterns in the region. The social consequences of such climatic modification are briefly considered.
rocket temperature and wind sensors for synoptic observations1
Authors: Kays Marvin , Olsen Robert O.
Published: August 2018

A comparative study is made of various rocket instrumentation and sensing techniques for collecting stratospheric wind and temperature data. The rocketsondes employed in synoptic studies in general use the spherical bead thermistor as the temperature sensing element. Different designs of sensors were launched in close proximity, and results agree within 3C.

Different parachute configurations and chaff are compared for their ability to sense winds. In most cases, wind velocities agree within reason (5 m sec−1) among the different types of sensors. The major corrections that are applied to wind and temperature data are discussed. The corrections are small (less than 2° and 10 mps) below 50 km but increase with height and in some extreme cases can reach values of 200 m sec−1 for winds and 11C for temperatures at 60–65 km.
a hybrid analog-digital computer for the atmospheric sciences1
Authors: Hewson E. Wendell , Brock Fred V.
Published: August 2018

A hybrid analog-digital computer has been established in the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography of the University of Michigan. It comprises three medium size analog computers, a small, general purpose digital computer, and an analog/digital linkage so that all of the computers can be operated together as a hybrid system.

The primary functions of the computer are acquisition and reduction of field data and research in meteorological simulation. It is capable of accepting data acquired on-line from local instruments, or recorded in the field on analog magnetic tape, digital magnetic tape or punched paper tape. These data can then be processed in either analog or digital form or transmitted to a large digital computer via magnetic tape.

The analog computers are versatile and of sufficient capacity to be useful for many analog data processing tasks as well as for simulation of atmospheric models such as those used in the study of diffusion and micrometeorology.
the Meteorological Institute of the University of Hamburg
Authors: Pond S.
Published: August 2018

This Institute is actively engaged in research in meteorology. A brief report of its activities is given with emphasis on its work on profiles of wind speed, temperature and humidity and turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat. The instrumentation platforms developed for use in the open ocean are described. A bibliography of some of its recent publications is included.
the application of CRT contour analysis to general circulation experiments
Authors: Washington W. M. , O'Lear B. T. , Takamine J . , Robertson D.
Published: August 2018

The recent development of hemispheric and global general circulation models has produced a need for an efficient method of contour analysis. We will discuss a cathode ray tube (CRT) method of processing contoured data on standard map projections. A detailed explanation of the methods of making black-and-white and color movies is also included.
Association between Upper Respiratory Infection and Idiopathic Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Bhatt Neel K. , Pipkorn Patrik , Paniello Randal C.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) without an identifiable cause is termed idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis (IUVFP). Some authors have postulated that select cases of IUVFP have a viral etiology, but the causality has not been established. We set out to review institutional cases of IUVFP and determine if there is a correlation between upper respiratory infection symptoms and presentation of IUVFP.

Methods:

Cases of IUVFP were reviewed over a 10-year period (2002-2012). The history was investigated to review presenting symptoms. We specifically reviewed for symptoms of upper respiratory infection at the onset of UVFP and tallied the frequency. Symptoms included sore throat, laryngitis, cough, influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, otalgia, and sinusitis. The seasonal onset (if possible) was determined based on the history provided from the initial consultation.

Study Design:

Case series.

Results:

Overall, 107 patients presented with IUVFP; 35.5% of patients reported symptoms of upper respiratory infection at the onset of UVFP. Among these individuals, pharyngitis/laryngitis was the most common presenting symptom; 34.2% reported cough. In total, 40.0% of patients with IUVFP reported an onset of symptoms between December and February.

Conclusions:

This study suggests that symptoms of upper respiratory infection frequently occur with the presentation of IUVFP. The onset of symptoms tended to occur between December and February. The mechanism of viral-mediated UVFP has not been established. Future studies to explore this pathophysiology are needed.
Diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum miR-132/212 cluster in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Jun , Ju Linlin , Chen Lin , Cai Weihua , Yang Jialin
Published: August 2018

Background

It has been reported that both of the miR-132/212 (micro-RNA) cluster members, miR-132 and miR-212, are downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, the expression pattern and clinical utility of serum miR-132/212 in hepatocellular carcinoma are still unknown.

Methods

In this study, serum concentrations of miR-132 and miR-212 were measured in 80 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 51 controls with chronic liver diseases and 42 healthy volunteers by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In hepatocellular carcinoma patients, serum concentrations of miR-132 and miR-212 were significantly reduced and strongly correlated (r = 0.603, p < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic analyses showed that serum miR-132 and miR-212 might have a potential role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, the combination of serum miR-132, miR-212 and alpha-fetoprotein improved the diagnostic efficiency for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in sensitivity and negative predictive value. Serum miR-132 was associated with tumour differentiation degree ( p = 0.021) and tumour–node–metastasis stage ( p = 0.002); serum miR-212 correlated with tumour size ( p = 0.023) and tumour–node–metastasis stage ( p = 0.007). Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated poorer overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with lower serum concentrations of miR-132 ( p < 0.001) and miR-212 ( p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that both components of the miR-132/212 cluster have potential roles as non-invasive serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.