bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated weed control in soybean crops in different methods of main tillage and no-till technologies in the conditions of law
Authors: Zadorozhny Viktor , Karasevich Vladimir , Svitko Serhiy , Zadorozhny Anton , Labunets Anatolii , Sokulsky Mykola
Published: February 2022

Goal. Study of the peculiarities of the formation of the weed component of soybean agrocenoses, development and implementation of an integrated weed control system for different methods of basic cultivation of gray forest soil and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation in the Right Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. Results. Analysis of the peculiarities of weed formation of soybean agrocenoses with shelf, shelfless main tillage and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation showed that in all areas of the experiment dominated (74-89% of the total) perennial dicotyledonous weeds: white quinoa album L.), rough mustard (Polygonum scabrum Moench), common butterbur (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), small-flowered galigsoga (Gallipsoga parviflora Cav.). The highest weed control rates were observed with the application of Galaxy Ultra (2.5 l / ha) in combination with Miura graminicide (1.0 l / ha) - 90-92%. The maximum level of soybean yield was set for shelf tillage and application of herbicides - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, against the background of shelfless tillage and notill technology, this figure decreased by 14 and 11%, respectively. Conclusions. The application of chemical protection under the conditions of shelf tillage provided weed control at the level of 90.4-92.0%, for non-shelf tillage - 89.7-90.7%, and for no-till technology - 90.7-91, 0%. Before the soybean harvest, the wet weight of weeds in the control plots was 1326-1690 g / m2, the largest weight of which was observed by no-till technology. The application of herbicides resulted in a 89-92% reduction in raw weed relative to control. The highest level of soybean yield was observed in the options for shelf plowing (20-22 cm) - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, which is 45.6-48.0% more than in the control. Application of herbicides on the background of shelfless cultivation (disking on 10-12 cm) contributed to the formation of soybean grain yield in the range of 2.14-2.17 t / ha, by no-till technology - 2.22-2.25 t / ha, which respectively 39.9-41.8% and 40.5-42.4% more than in areas without chemical weeding.
Aspects of the determining the sowing properties of seeds of perennial grasses express method effectiveness in comparison with domestic and international rules
Authors: Antoniv Stepan , Kolisnyk Serhiy , Zapruta Oleksandr , Konovalchuk Vasyl V.
Published: February 2022

Purpose. To theoretically substantiate the methodology for the accelerated determination of the sowing qualities (express method) of seeds of leguminous and cereal grasses, in particular germination capacity, the amount of hard seeds and viability in comparison with the defining those indicators according to the State standard of Ukraine (SStU 4138-2002), international methodology (ISTA – International seed testing association). Methods. Quantitative, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results. Determination of sowing qualities (germination energy, germination rate, amount of hard seeds) of forage crops according to the methods of SStU 4138-2002; ISTA (international rules for the analysis of seeds) and the express method of accelerated determination, showed the high efficiency and effectiveness of the latter (improved method of swelling seeds of leguminous grasses and preparatory caving of films and swelling of seeds of cereal grasses), which can be used in production conditions to obtain objective information on the sowing properties of seeds of the formed harvest. Conclusions. The express method can be used to determine the viability of legume grass seeds within 3-4 hours by establishing the difference between the number of live and dead seeds. The data obtained are close to the germination rates when analyzing seeds according to the SStU 4138-2002 and ISTA methods and make up 90-95; 93-95; 92-95% respectively. Germination of seeds of cereal grasses using the caryopsis method allows determining the viability of seeds on the 2nd-5th day in species with high germination energy (Bromus inermis, different types of Lolium perenne) and 7th-10th day in species with slow germination (Festuca rubra L). Seed germination of these species according to the express method was 84- 92%, while according to the SStU 4138-2002 and ISTA methods it made up 91-94; 90-96%, and the analysis was carried out on the 10th and 21st day.
2021 North American Heatwave Amplified by Climate-Change-Driven Nonlinear Interactions
Authors: Bartusek Samuel , Kornhuber Kai , Ting Mingfang
Published: February 2022

Heat conditions in North America in summer 2021 exceeded prior heatwaves by margins many would have considered impossible under current climate conditions. Associated severe impacts highlight the need for understanding the heatwave’s physical drivers and relations to climate change, to improve the projection and prediction of future extreme heat risks. Here, we find that slow- and fast-moving components of the atmospheric circulation interacted, along with regional soil moisture deficiency, to trigger a 5-sigma heat event. Its severity was amplified ~40% by nonlinear interactions between its drivers, likely driven by land–atmosphere feedbacks catalyzed by long-term regional warming and soil drying. Since the 1950s, global warming has transformed the event’s peak daily regional temperature anomaly from virtually impossible to a presently-estimated ~200-yearly occurrence. Its likelihood is projected to increase rapidly with further global warming, possibly becoming a 10-yearly occurrence in a climate 2°C warmer than preindustrial, which may be reached by 2050.
Quantitative and distributive measurement of ambient air pollution for global burden of disease
Authors: Zhang Ning , Chowdhury Sourangsu , Duan Huabo , Zhao Hailong
Published: February 2022

Air quality impacts human health from multiple perspectives. Ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure poses a great contribution to the global burden of disease (BoD). The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to evaluate sustainability levels and improve human living environments. In particular, the two indicators 3.9.1 and 11.6.2, i.e. fine particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) and relative disease mortality are listed to illustrate the development goals for the air environment. At present, countries around the world have adopted measures to mitigate AAP, and a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness is necessary. Thus, statistics for AAP and BoD across the global 183 countries were analyzed to help assess the gap between the status quo and SDGs in this study. We offer a new perspective on BoD estimation research - proportional data (AAP-caused disease burden / total environment-caused disease burden) in grouped global countries (according to their geographical and economic conditions) were adopted to substitute the absolute value in this study, which is more reasonable for comparative analysis. The overlap of economic and geographic distribution shows that the heaviest BoD is concentrated in high-income and Middle Eastern regions. Concerning the type of disease burden, acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are two major contributors to BoD, and the worldwide deaths and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) caused by them need to be taken seriously. Generally, this study provides novel evidence for the formulation of air pollution control and management measures to reduce the related disease burden in global regions. To reduce the future BoD, different strategies should be designed depending on the order of driving factors in regions. Even though the triggers of BoD are quite different across the globe, the correlation analysis results inform that reducing emissions along with CO2 from social operations at the source is the most direct and effective path in areas with a high density of susceptible populations.
Niederlande- und Belgienforschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Jahre 1995-2002
Authors: Riek Ilona , Wielenga Friso
Published: February 2022

Bundesweit finden an zahlreichen Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen Projekte statt, die sich inhaltlich mit den Niederlanden bzw. Belgien beschäftigen. Diese Publikation präsentiert eine Übersicht der gegenwärtigen Forschungslage auf dem Gebiet der Niederlande- und Belgienforschung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Darüber hinaus bietet sie eine umfassende, nach Disziplinen geordnete Aufstellung aktueller wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten zu den beiden Nachbarländern. Die Datensammlung basiert auf einer Inventarisierung, die das Zentrum für Niederlande-Studien der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster im Rahmen des Projektes Forschungsdatenbank Niederlande-Belgien im Zeitraum von Oktober 2001 bis Dezember 2002 durchgeführt hat.
3D Finite Element Model for Shear-dominant Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Rahman Ridwan , Akbar Ilham , Rofriantona Rofriantona
Published: February 2022

This study explores the 3D FE modelling approach in determining the behaviour of shear-dominant responses of RC beams. Five RC beams (A1, A2, B1, C2 and C3) with different cross-sections, amount of tension reinforcement area, amount of shear reinforcement and the length of the span was analysed and the results were compared with the results of the experiment and 2D analysis available in published literature. RC beams analysed in this FE study were constructed as a discrete model using ABAQUS software. The concrete and the plate for loading as well as for supports were modelled using the C3D8R element while longitudinal steel bars and stirrups were modelled with the T3D2 element. The interaction between the steel bar and the concrete in the FE model was assumed perfectly bond. The material behaviour of concrete was modelled with the damage plasticity model where the yield or failure of the material was governed by the tensile cracking and the compressive crushing of the concrete by introducing the hardening variables. The results showed that crack propagation in the FE analysis matched the cracks observed in the test. The crack pattern on Beam A1, A2, B1 and C2 indicated that the specimens experienced flexure and shear failure while Beam C3 experienced less brittle behaviour. Estimates of strength and the load–deformation response of 3D analysis were certainly achieved with reasonable accuracy compared to that of 2D analysis. The difference of experiment-to-2D strength (Pu,exp - Pu,2D / Pu,exp) had a mean of 4.53 whereas the difference of experiment-to-3D strength (Pu,exp - Pu,3D / Pu,exp) had a mean of 1.83. Furthermore, the displacements at ultimate load gained in the 3D analysis were comparable to those of experiments. The difference of experiment-to-2D (du,exp - du,2D / du,exp) and experiment-to-3D (du,exp - du,3D / du,exp) midspan displacement had a mean of 19.91 and 10.89, respectively.
Moral Decadence in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions of Learning: An Evaluator Perspective
Authors: Adetayo Janet Oyebola
Published: February 2022

The issue of Moral Decadence is becoming worrisome not only among the Nigerian Tertiary Institutions but in the world at large and it’s gradually eroding the morals and values which has been of great benefit to people’s greatness in the past.  As an evaluator, this concern leads to the conceptualization of this study that assessed the causes of moral decadence, identified those to be blamed and provide probable solutions to the menace. Three research questions guided the study and descriptive survey research design was used.  Purposive sampling technique was used to select four hundred undergraduate that participated in the study.  The adapted and revalidated Moral Decadence Questionnaire (MODEQ) from Olorundare (2011) study was used and it yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.88. The results reveal that Parental negligence, negative mass media contents, peer group influences, among others are the causes of moral decadence and that Parents are the most to be blamed for the level of moral decadence.  To curb this menace, effective parenting, engendering positive peer influence, among others can achieve the best result. Recommendation was made, that Parents should consciously contribute to the building of a morally viable Nigerian society by instilling strong moral values into their children.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN PASIR LIMBAH TAMBANG PUYA (ZIRCON) DARI DESA TARINGEN, KABUPATEN GUNUNG MAS, SEBAGAI MATERIAL PERKERASAN JALAN PADA CAMPURAN LATASIR
Authors: Imron Muhamad Zainul , Salonten Salonten , Supiyan Supiyan
Published: February 2022

Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah merupakan salah satu provinsi terluas di Indonesia, untuk membangun provinsi Kalimantan Tengah ini supaya dalam pembangunannya merata, pemerintah memprioritaskan infrastruktur pembangunan pada bidang perhubungan dengan membuat prasarana transportasi khususnya jalan. Kebutuhan akan material pembangunan jalan terutama pasir semakin meningkat seiring dengan banyaknya pembangunan jalan di Kalimantan Tengah. Karena itu perlu adanya material alternatif pasir yang dapat digunakan untuk kebutuhan pembangunan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pasir dari Desa Taringen, Kabupaten Gunung Mas memenuhi persyaratan atau spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan, sehingga dapat digunakan  sebagai agregat dalam campuran Hot Rolled Sand Sheet (HRSS). Dari hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa, berdasarkan sifat-sifat fisik agregat pasir dari Desa Taringen, Kabupaten Gunung Mas dapat digunakan sebagai agregat pada campuran Lapis Tipis Aspal Pasir (Hot Rolled Sand Sheet). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasir, dibuat komposisi campuran dengan 5 (lima) variasi kadar aspal, yaitu komposisi dengan 100% pasir alam dari Desa Taringen. Berdasarkan hasil tes Marshall dengan komposisi tersebut diperoleh nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum (KAO) sebesar 7,850%, stabilitas 330 kg, flow 2,9 mm, rongga dalam campuran (VIM) 4,8%, rongga terisi aspal (VFB) 77% dan hasil bagi Marshall 115,5 kg/mm.Kata Kunci: Lapis Tipis Aspal Pasir (Hot Rolled Sand Sheet), Parameter Marshall, Kadar Aspal Optimum.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PASIR TERHADAP NILAI DAYA DUKUNG TANAH LEMPUNG TUMBANG RUNGAN
Authors: Pasaribu Junior Apik , Sarie Fatma , Hendri Okrobianus
Published: February 2022

Konstruksi jalan di Tumbang Rungan mengalami penurunan yang diakibatkan kondisi tanah yang menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan karakteristik tanah lempung Tumbang Rungan, mengetahui nilai CBR tanah sebelum dan sesudah dicampurkan dengan pasir. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium, untuk memperoleh kepadatan kering maksimum dan kabar air opyimum. Benda uji tanah lempung dicampur pasir dengan persentase 5%, 10% dan 15%, selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian. Untuk hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar air optimum mengalami kenaikan dari kadar air tanah asli 34,00% menjadi 34,30% untuk campuran pasir 5%, 35,5% untuk campuran pasir 10%, 35,20% untuk campuran pasir 15% dan kepadatan kering maksimum tanah mengalami peningkatan dari kepadatan kering maksimum tanah asli 1,212 gr/cm³ menjadi 1,226 gr/cm³ untuk campuran pasir 5%, 1,238 gr/cm³ untuk campuran pasir 10%, 1,248 gr/cm³ untuk campuran pasir 15%. Untuk hasil CBR yang didapatkan mengalami kenaikan dari berat isi kering 95% tanah asli 1,152 gr/cc menjadi 1,164 gr/cc untuk campuran pasir 5%, 1,176 gr/cc untuk campuran pasir 10% dan 1,186 gr/cc untuk campuran pasir 15%. Setelah data CBR didapatkan dilakukan perhitungan daya dukung. Diperoleh hasil perhitungan daya dukung tanah sebagai berikut untuk tanah asli 3,31 kg/cm², untuk campuran pasir 5% 4,70 kg/cm², untuk campuran pasir 10% 4,85% dan untuk campuran 15% 4,92 kg/cm². Kenaikan tertinggi didaya dukung tanah asli dan campuran 15%.Kata Kunci: Tanah Lempung, Kadar Air Optimum, Kepadatan Kering Maksimum, CBR, Daya Dukung
MANAJEMEN PERAWATAN DAN PEMELIHARAAN GEDUNG, ASET DAN FASILITAS DI UNIVERSITAS PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: N. Zerizkyeska Nugrahayu , Dewantoro Dewantoro , Gawei Apria Brita Pandohop
Published: February 2022

Aset dan fasilitas berupa bangunan gedung yang ada di Universitas Palangka Raya perlu dikelola dengan baik dan dilakukan perawatan serta pemeliharaan secara terjadwal. Perawatan dan pemeliharaan bangunan gedung bertujuan agar bangunan gedung dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan tetap laik fungsi serta memperpanjang umur bangunan dengan pemeriksaan secara teratur. Manajemen universitas belum sepenuhnya diterapkan dengan tepat. Kondisi fisik bangunan gedung UPR pada umumnya belum memiliki kualitas yang baik dan berorientasi jangka panjang sehingga mengurangi faktor efisiensi, keamanan dan kenyamanan penggunaannya, serta sarana  dan prasarana pendidikan masih belum memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis bangunan gedung yang dimiliki UPR berdasarkan fungsi bangunan gedung dan mengetahui  manajemen perawatan dan pemeliharaan gedung, aset, dan fasilitas di UPR berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 24/PRT/M/2008. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan metode dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara kepada pihak pengelola bangunan gedung di UPR. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggukakan triangulasi. Metode analisis data model Miles dan Huberman digunakan daam menganalisis penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, UPR memiliki bangunan gedung dengan  fungsi hunian, fungsi usaha,  fungsi sosial dan budaya, dan fungsi keagamaan. Dalam pelaksanaan pemeliharaan dan perawatan bangunan gedung, UPR sudah melakukan pemeliharaan dan perawatan bangunan gedung dengan rutin dan baik, namun dalam manajemen pemeliharaan dan perawatan bangunan gedung UPR belum sepenuhnya menerapkan peraturan yang berlaku.Kata Kunci:  manajemen, pemeliharaan, perawatan, bangunan gedung, aset.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN DINDING KANTILEVER UNTUK MENGATASI KASUS KERUNTUHAN LERENG DI KOTA MUARA TEWEH KABUPATEN BARITO UTARA
Authors: Malawy RM , Gandi S , Sarie F
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan transportasi di Indonesia yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan naiknya kebutuhan lahan untuk penggunaan jalan. Transportasi memegang peranan yang penting karena komunikasi tidak dapat dijalankan tanpa ada hubungan yang cukup baik didalam wilayah ataupun antar wilayah. Hal ini mendorong manusia untuk memanfaatkan setiap lahan yang ada sebaik mungkin, salah satunya di kawasan perbukitan dan berlereng yang topografinya cenderung beragam. Namun untuk mewujudkan transportasi yang aman, nyaman, dan memiliki konstruksi yang awet pada daerah lereng, diperlukan sebuah analisis terhadap tingkat keamanan lereng dalam perencanaannya. Penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi survei lokasi, pengambilan sampel tanah, dan pemboran tanah. Jenis sampel yang akan digunakan ada dua jenis yaitu sampel tanah asli atau tidak terganggu dan sampel tanah yang terganggu. Dari pengujian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sistem klasifikasi AASTHO dan USCS diketahui tanah di Kota Muara Teweh Kabupaten Barito Utara adalah tanah lanau berpasir dengan plastisitas tinggi. Hasil analisis perhitungan angka keamanan lereng menggunakan metode fellenius untuk kondisi lereng tanpa terendam air adalah 1,5, Angka keamanan untuk kondisi lereng terendam air adalah 0,9, Hasil analisis dinding penahan tanah tipe Kantilever untuk stabilitas terhadap gaya guling adalah 4,54; untuk stabilitas terhadap gaya geser adalah 1,95; untuk stabilitas terhadap daya dukung tanah adalah 651,034 kN/ . Hasil perhitungan analisis dinding penahan tanah tipe Kantilever menyatakan aman terhadap gaya guling dan geser. Kata kunci: dinding penahan tanah, metode fellenius, stabilitas
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL CAMPURAN HOT ROLLED SHEET WEARING COURSE (HRS-WC) MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN TAMBAH KARET PADAT
Authors: Ridha Rasyid , Salonten Salonten , Murniati Murniati
Published: February 2022

Kinerja campuran agregat aspal pada konstruksi perkerasan jalan dicoba untuk ditingkatkan dengan cara memodifikasi campuran aspal sehingga didapatkan perubahan sifat campuran aspal, khususnya pada penetrasi dan titik lembeknya dengan menambahkan bahan tambahan karet padat sehingga diharapkan pada penelitian ini bisa mengurangi kepekaan aspal terhadap temperatur dan keelastisannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana manfaat penggunaan karet sebagai bahan tambahan pada campuran aspal panas yang diharapkan penggunaannya dapat meningkatkan mutu perkerasan lentur jalan raya. Pengujian Marshall dengan penambahan karet dengan variasi kadar bahan tambah 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% dan 10% terhadap berat aspal yang diperoleh dari KAO pada benda uji, hasil parameter Marshall memenuhi spesifikasi yang ada. Dari hasil evaluasi sifat karakteristik Marshall diperoleh rentang penambahan kadar karet 0% hingga 7,9%, campuran memenuhi semua spesifikasi yang ditentukan. Kadar penambahan plastik optimum ditetapkan dari nilai parameter Marshall yang memenuhi semua persyaratan spesifikasi dan dilihat dari nilai stabilitas tertinggi, yaitu pada kadar penambahan karet sebesar 7,90%. Penambahan karet sebesar 7,90% dari berat aspal menghasilkan nilai stabilitas naik 9,98% dari nilai stabilitas campuran tanpa menggunakan bahan tambah karet yaitu mengalami kenaikan sebesar 93 kg, nilai flow naik sebesar 0,27 mm, rongga dalam campuran (VIM) turun sebesar 0,80%, rongga terisi aspal (VFB) naik sebesar 4,20% dan hasil bagi Marshall (Marshall Quotient) naik sebesar 11 kg/mm.  Kata Kunci: Aspal Karet, Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Coaurse, Kadar Aspal Optimum
KARAKTERISTIK PEMANFAATAN PENGGUNAAN BAN DALAM KENDARAAN BEKAS RODA EMPAT TERHADAP CAMPURAN LASTON
Authors: Prayogi Ilham Saputra , Salonten Salonten , Elvina Ina
Published: February 2022

Laston adalah salah satu tipe perkerasan aspal yang paling sering digunakan di Indonesia. Terdiri atas 3 lapis, yaitu AC-WC (Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course), AC-BC (Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course), dan AC-BASE (Asphalt Concrete-Base) sebagai pondasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana manfaat penggunaan ban dalam bekas kendaraan roda empat sebagai bahan tambahan pada campuran AC-BC (Asphalt Concrete - Binder Course) yang diharapkan penggunaannya dapat meningkatkan mutu perkerasan lentur jalan raya dan sekaligus salah satu langkah penanganan pengurangan sisa penggunaan limbah ban dalam bekas yang tidak terpakai.  Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ban dalam bekas, dibuat komposisi campuran dengan 5 (lima) variasi kadar aspal. Berdasarkan Tes Marshall dengan komposisi tersebut diperoleh nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum (KAO) sebesar 7,7%, stabilitas 1450 kg, nilai rongga dalam agregat (VMA) 22,30%, rongga dalam campuran (VIM) 4,50%, rongga terisi aspal (VFB) 80%, hasil bagi Marshall (MQ) 450,60 kg/mm. Kata Kunci: Laston AC-BC, Marshall, Ban Dalam Bekas Kendaraan Roda Empat
KAJIAN PENGARUH ABU BATU KAPUR SEBAGAI PENGGANTI FILLER PADA CAMPURAN HOT ROLLED SHEET WEARING COURSE (HRS-WC)
Authors: Melodi Jhoniko , Robby Robby , Salonten Salonten
Published: February 2022

Kebutuhan akan material perkerasan jalan, terutama pasir, semakin meningkat seiring dengan banyaknya pembangunan jalan di Kalimantan Tengah. Karena itu perlu adanya material alternatif pasir yang dapat digunakan untuk kebutuhan pembangunan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pasir dan abu batu kapur dari Desa Bawan Kabupaten Pulang Pisau dan dari Kecamatan Kurun Kabupaten Gunung Mas apakah memenuhi persyaratan atau spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai agregat dalam campuran Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC). Perencanaan campuran menggunakan metode Asphalt Institute. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan abu batu kapur sebagai pengganti filler pada campuran Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course (HRS-WC). dibuat dua komposisi campuran dengan masing-masing 5 variasi kadar aspal. Komposisi I (tanpa bahan pengganti filler), Komposisi II (menggunakan pengganti filler). Berdasarkan hasil tes Marshall untuk Komposisi I diperoleh nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum (KAO) sebesar 7,35%, stabilitas 1250 kg, VMA 21 %, rongga dalam campuran (VIM) 4,03 %, rongga terisi aspal (VFB) 80,15 % dan hasil bagi Marshall 390,100 kg/mm. Komposisi II diperoleh nilai Kadar Pengganti Filler Optimum sebesar 7,40%, stabilitas 1385 kg, VMA 21,15%, rongga dalam campuran (VIM) 3,90%, rongga terisi aspal (VFB) 82% dan hasil bagi Marshall 320,500 kg/mm.Kata kunci: lapis tipis aspal beton, abu batu kapur, kadar aspal optimum
ANALISIS DAERAH RAWAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS JALAN RAYA NGERONG CEMOROSEWU
Authors: Putra Eyvritto Eltama Styana , Ratih Silvia Yulita , Primantari Luky
Published: February 2022

Penambahan jumlah penduduk serta peningkatan jumlah kendaraan akan menimbulkan konsekuensi baru dalam berlalu lintas seperti kebutuhan fasilitas jalan yang lebih baik, pelanggaran lalu lintas yang meningkat, serta resiko terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas juga semakin tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daerah rawan kecelakaan jalan raya Ngerong Cemorosewu sehingga dapat diambil tindakan yang sesuai untuk mengurangi terjadinya kecelakaan pada ruas jalan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi rawan kecelakaan lalu lintas adalah Metode EAN (Equivalent Accident Number). Jumlah kecelakaan tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2020 dengan total 75 kejadian. Jumlah korban kecelakaan tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2018 dengan total 92 korban dan terendah pada tahun 2020 dengan jumlah 64 korban. Bobot tingkat kecelakaan berdasarkan angka EAN adalah 852 pada 13 segmen pengamatan. Nilai BKA (Batas Kontrol Atas) adalah 89,3. Berdasarkan nilai EAN terlihat beberapa segmen berada diatas BKA dan UCL (Upper Control Limit) yaitu segmen 2 (KM. 13+000–KM. 14+000), segmen 8 (KM. 19+000–KM. 20+000), segmen 9 (KM. 20+000–KM. 21+000) dan segmen 10 (KM. 21+000–KM. 22+000), artinya bahwa di segmen tersebut masuk daerah rawan kecelakaan. Beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kecelakaan terutama akibat pengemudi adalah harus selalu waspada, jangan lengah, apabila merasa lelah atau mengantuk segera beristirahat serta tidak lupa mengecek kondisi kendaraan yang akan digunakan.Kata Kunci: Daerah Rawan Kecelakaan, BKA, EAN, UCL
ANALISIS KECEPATAN ARUS AIR MENGGUNAKAN CURRENT METER DAN KARAKTERISTIK SUNGAI TUAN HAJI BESAR MUHAMMAD ARSYAD AL BANJARI KABUPATEN BANJAR
Authors: Surya Adhi , Setiawan Budi
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini menganalisis kecepatan arus air Sungai Tuan dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik Sungai Tuan Haji Besar Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari. Dalam pelaksanaannya menggunakan Alat Current Meter tipe “Flowatch FL-03” sistem yang dirancang ini dapat digunakan untuk menghitung kecepatan arus air pada Sungai Tuan yang memiliki pola arus mendatar (stream line). Tata cara pelaksanaan menggunakan panduan dari SNI 3408-2015 dan beberapa jurnal pendukung lainnya. Pengukuran kecepatan arus air sungai dilakukan sangat berpengaruh bagi sistem irigasi untuk mengairi persawahan serta akibat perubahan-perubahan karakteristik sungai disepanjang sungai tuan yang sekarang ini sangat kritis. Seiring semakin meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk mengakibatkan kondisi Sungai Tuan Kecamatan Astambul mengalami penurunan dengan menyusutnya daerah resapan air yang menjadikan kondisi tanah yang telah jenuh air dan tertutupnya saluran air oleh padatnya bangunan, dan juga banyak sungai maupun bantaran sungai yang mengalami perubahan fisik sungai (penyempitan, pendangkalan, erosi, dan penutupan mulut sungai). Kata kunci : Pengukur Kecepatan, Sruktur dan Lingkungan, Sedimen, Pengaruh Debit, Sedimen dan Laju Sedimen, Permukiman Kumuh
Znaczenie zasad pacta sunt servanda i dobrej wiary w prawie traktatów
Authors: Denst Sebastian
Published: February 2022

W prawie traktatów zasada dobrej wiary jest nierozerwalnie związana z pacta sunt servanda, obie zasady wzajemnie na siebie oddziaływają. W braku nadrzędności jednego podmiotu nad drugim w prawie międzynarodowym szczególną rolę przypisuje się powyższym zasadom, które stoją na straży wykonalności zobowiązania. Podmiot nie stosujący się do zasady dobrej wiary nie może czerpać korzyści z niej wynikających. Artykuł przeznaczony został rozważaniom na temat korzyści wynikającej z wykonywania zobowiązań w dobrej wierze mając na uwadze pacta sunt servanda, a także dywagacji czym może grozić brak poszanowania wyżej wspomnianych zasad. Celem pracy badawczej jest charakterystyka znaczenia zasad pacta sunt servanda i dobrej wiary w międzynarodowym prawie traktatów.
Impact of Heads' Leadership and Team Management Competencies on Teachers' Job Satisfaction at University Level
Authors: Shah Nazir Haider , Shaheen Shabeena , Asghar Saima
Published: February 2022

This study is conducted to assess the impact of heads' leadership and team management competencies on teachers' job satisfaction at the university level. Mixed method research was used to conduct the study. Four universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were randomly chosen. Four deans of social sciences, 40 heads of social sciences, and 175 faculty members were chosen as the sample. Deans of social sciences were interviewed for qualitative aspects. Two questionnaires were developed, one for heads and the other for teachers for quantitative analysis. Statistical and descriptive evidence of the study concluded that heads' leadership and team management significantly contribute towards teachers’ job satisfaction level.
Investigating Online Learning by Using Google Classroom in the Covid-19 Pandemic at STBA Persada Bunda
Authors: Zuriati Diana
Published: February 2022

During the covid-19 pandemic, the researcher needs to assess online learning by using Google classroom for English for Foreign Language students. Since online learning differs from face-to-face learning, the researcher is interested in doing this study. Online learning is learning process that students and the teacher is not in one classroom in the same place but in one medium in different place. The aim of the research is about online learning for English for Foreign Language students during the covid-19 pandemic at Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing (STBA) Persada Bunda. In this study, descriptive research was carried out. The questionnaire, which was provided in Google form, was filled up by 21 English for Foreign Language students at random. To collect data, the students were requested to complete a questionnaire with 20 questions. After that, the researcher analyzed the data using a questionnaire regarding online learning by using Google classroom in the Covid-19 pandemic. The result of the research was in positive response of choosing “strongly agree” and “agree”. In conclusion, using Google classroom was one of the effective medium in online learning since there were some benefits to solve the learning process even though online learning by using Google classroom was less effective than face-to-face learning.
LOCAL POSITIONING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IIoT DEVICES
Authors: Borodko A.
Published: February 2022

Research subject. The article discusses the technical and mathematical features of technologies and methods used in the construction of local positioning systems. Local positioning technologies. Method. Collection, analysis and comparison of published information on technologies in the field of local positioning. The main technologies and methods that allow solving the problem of local positioning are highlighted. Core results. In the course of the work carried out, a review of existing solutions in the field of local positioning was made, the main technologies and methods were highlighted that allow solving the problem of local positioning. The approaches to solving the problem of local positioning within the framework of the concept of the industrial Internet of things were considered and the main requirements were highlighted. Methods for increasing the positioning accuracy are considered. The most effective from the point of view of the industrial Internet of things have been identified. Practical relevance. The basis for the construction of a mathematical model has been prepared, consisting of analytical, algorithmic and simulation submodels. The model is proposed to be created according to the requirements put forward for the industrial positioning system.
AN ALGORITHM FOR EVALUATING AND IMPROVING THE STATISTICAL STABILITY OF THE RESULTS OF RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES BASED ON GEOCHRONOLOGICAL TRACKING
Authors: Ivakin Y. , Potapichev S. , Elagin V.
Published: February 2022

Geochronological tracking has been accorded wide recognition as an appropriate scientific and methodological toolkit and an effective information technology for retrospective research in the interests of substantiating and rationalizing transport route net-works, transportation logistics, analyzing the facts of population migration and movements of individual historical figures. A procedure based on geochronological tracking for statistical verification of research hypotheses has been developed about robust trends in the development of various spatiotemporal processes. The eliability and validity of accepting a particular hypothesis within the framework of a retrospective study is determined by the representativeness of the initial dataset on geographic movements, considered as a sample from the general population. The statistical significance (robustness) of the results of a retrospective study based on geochronological tracking depends on the sufficiency of the considered initial data on the movements of the objects under study. This article is devoted to the analysis of this dependence and the development of an algorithm for assessing the specified robustness (or significance).
Evaluation of the Bacillus cereus Strain 1-p Protease for the Unhairing of Goatskins during Leather Production
Authors:   Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Nyakundi Joseph Ondari , Ombui Jackson Nyarongi ,   Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Mulaa Francis Jakim ,   Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 - 00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Wanyonyi Wycliffe Chisutia ,   Department of Physical Sciences, School of Science & Technology, University of Kabianga, P. O. Box 2030- 20200 Kericho, Kenyaa
Published: February 2022

The unhairing stage of leather processing is associated with the production of significant amounts of solid and liquid wastes. The use of enzymes to replace the polluting sulphides currently used for unhairing is a viable alternative. Various proteases from different Bacillus cereus strains as well as many other bacterial strains have been used successfully for the unhairing of skins. However, no previous work has assessed the use of the crude alkaline protease extract from Bacillus cereus strain 1-p, a novel Bacillus cereus strain obtained from the shores of Lake Bogoria - a soda lake in Kenya – in the unhairing of goatskins. This study, therefore, evaluates the potential of the protease extract from the Bacillus cereus strain 1-p to unhair goatskins. Optimum variables for unhairing using the protease were investigated. Complete unhairing was achieved within 12 hours at 27°C and pH 12 using the crude enzyme. The period and temperature required for complete unhairing were significantly lower than that of other enzymatic unhairing techniques. Compared to the leather unhaired with sulphide, the leather unhaired with the enzyme did not only show superior organoleptic properties but also recorded comparable or superior physical properties, namely tensile strength (26.94 N/mm2), percentage elongation (76.29%), tear strength (43.59 N/mm), and distension at grain crack and burst (7.9 mm and 8.2 mm respectively). The wastewater from the enzymatic unhairing process recorded a significant reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (78%), chemical oxygen demand (83%), and the wastewater volume (50%) compared to the process that uses sulphide. It was concluded that the use of the crude protease extract from the Bacillus cereus strain 1-p in unhairing goatskins is feasible.
Екстракардіальні токсичні ефекти аміодарону: огляд літератури і власні спостереження
Authors: Zinchenko Yu. V. , Mikhalieva T. V. , Stasyshena O. V. , Lavryk N. S. , Iakovenko O. M.
Published: February 2022

Amiodarone (AM) is currently one of the most widely used antiarrhythmic drugs, successfully used to treat both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. AM is the drug of choice in many difficult clinical situations. Despite its high efficiency and unique antiarrhythmic activity in comparison with other classes of antiarrhythmic drugs, AM has the broadest spectrum of side effects and complications – both cardiac and extracardiac. AM and its metabolites are highly lipophilic, thus accumulating in large quantities in the liver, lungs, skin, adipose tissue, the eye cornea, as well as other organs. AM-induced pulmonary toxicity is one of the most serious AM`s side effects. The development of AM-induced dysfunction of the thyroid gland, liver and other organs, in most cases, does not lead to serious consequences, but in some situations the revealed side effects are the reason for discontinuation of the drug. A number of randomized trials have emphasized that severe side effects are mainly associated with the administration of high doses of AM, and therefore its use is often limited. It is noteworthy that over the half-century history of the use of AM, indications for its administration have significantly narrowed due to its high toxicity. In recent years, there has been a tendency to prescribe low doses of AM with regular monitoring of its effectiveness and the presence of side effects. The information presented in the review can be useful for the correct use of AM in clinical practice. The article also presents our own clinical observations of severe extracardiac side effects of AM. The complications mentioned above are most often associated with excessive intake of AM, and they can be avoided or minimized by the careful adherence to the minimum maintenance dose. According to up-to-date guidelines, before prescribing any antiarrhythmic drug, it is necessary to carefully weigh not only the expected direct effect, but also take into account its possible side effects and complications.
Language Bite-by-Bite: The Design of Second Language Learning Application Using Lexical Approach
Authors: M. Facundes Nuttanart , Sirinaovakul Booncharoen
Published: February 2022

The ability to use languages to communicate distinguishes humans from other living things. In language production, two sources of information play a crucial role: a conceptual (semantic) message and a sequence of syntactic states mapped onto an ordered sequence of words. This concept of language production applies to both the native language of the speaker and the second language. Therefore, one question arises as to why second language learners cannot equally master both their second language (L2) and first language (L1). In our research, we investigate second language learning within the linguistic and language production framework. We explain language competence by knowledge of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, and we can apply the lexical approach for language learning to reach such competence. With this basis, we have designed an educational web application for second language learning, Bite-sized English, that incorporates the learning of words and phrases hands-in-hands with grammar. Bite-sized English consists of two parts: “Take a Bite”, where users learn lexical chunks from authentic texts, and “Lingua Kitchen”, where learners can build their own lexicon and practice usage in contexts.
The Treatment of Lateral Fricatives and Affricates Using Electropalatography: A Case Study of a 10 Year Old Girl
Authors: Hickey Jenny
Published: February 2022

A case study is presented in which the technique of Electropalatography (EPG) (Reading system) was used, comparatively successfully, in the remediation of long-standing lateralisation of fricatives and affricates. The case presented is that of a ten year old girl, whose intellectual ability has been assessed as “borderline dull normal/mild mental handicap”. The child had been receiving speech therapy from the age of two years, and had been diagnosed as presenting with a mild oral dyspraxia. Aspects of her general development suggest elements of an overall mild motor dyspraxia. The results of EPG therapy prompt discussion of the relative importance of the listeners perception versus accurate, “normal” tongue placement throughout the production of speech sounds.
An Appraisal of Current Teaching of Anatomy to Clinical Speech and Language Students
Authors: Horner Catherine H.
Published: February 2022

The relevance of pre-clinical subject matter to the future practice of professional students is often not obvious. The overburdened curriculum leads to learning methods employed purely to pass assessments. The teaching of anatomy to students in the clinical speech and language degree course in Trinity College, Dublin has been compared with that taught in other schools both in the UK and further afield. It would appear that although schools differ in certain aspects, e.g., methods of assessment, the general teaching pattern of more lectures than practicals prevails. Few other teaching methods are employed and the courses seem to be teacher-centred and examination-driven. However, the majority of schools recommend an individual course tailored to suit their students needs, preferably taught in association with physiology or as a conjoint course. The systematic approach to teaching anatomy is favoured, although for practical purposes, regional teaching is often the method used.
Transitions from the Clinic to School: The Changing Picture of Specific Language Impaired Children from Pre-School to School Age
Authors: Conti-Ramsden Gina , Adams Catherine
Published: February 2022

The present paper looks at the changing picture presented by children with specific language impairment (SLI), from preschool to the early school years, with particular emphasis on 7 year olds. It appears that children with SLI have difficulties as infants in school with all the core subjects: English, Maths and Science. In addition, the question of the possible integration of these children to the mainstream is raised and discussed in light of current evidence.
Speech and Language Therapy in the European Union
Authors: Mondelaers Ben J.E. , Coets-Dehard Marie-Claire
Published: February 2022

Mondelaers and Coets-Dehard conclude that there are many similarities and differences across professional practice in the EU. These differences have given rise to variations in the use of terminology. Through contact with the first author we, as editors, have tried to clarify some of the ambiguities and discrepancies, which have arisen both from the translation process and from the different professional practices. Where possible, the author’s interpretation of terminology used has been included. However some additional factual queries remain. Those pertaining to the Irish context are indicated in the text by the following symbol: ∼. Finally, in compiling their information, the authors have included French and Flemish speaking Belgium as separate countries in some contexts but not in others, which leads to apparent numerical discrepancies on some tables.
How You Look Is What You Find: Observing the Phonology of Deaf Speakers
Authors: Parker Ann , Kersner Myra
Published: February 2022

The types of phonological pattern which are found in the speech of deaf people have a particular relationship with speech intelligibility. This needs to be taken into account when assessing speech if the results of assessment are to be useful for effective decisions about intervention. The influence of visual perception is relevant for the assessment of all speakers with a hearing loss who are referred to in this article as ‘deaf people’. In addition, many deaf people use both a sign language and a spoken language. Spoken language intelligibility may be enhanced by loan features from the sign language concerned. Visual and auditory factors, phonetic and phonological levels, segmental and non-segmental features, and their potential interactions, need to be included when assessing speech production. The Phonological Evaluation and Transcription of Audio-visual Language (known as the PETAL Speech Assessment) allows these aspects of phonology to be considered differentially for different speakers. There are general implications of this approach for speech and language therapy.
Pushing the Outside of the Envelope: A study of communicative competence among children using augmentative communication and their partners
Authors: Long Siobhan
Published: February 2022

Clinicians working in the field of augmentative and alternative communication require a theoretical framework to inform their therapeutic intervention. Such a model is vital if speech and language therapy is to be effective in facilitating individuals who are non-speaking to achieve their communicative potential. This study focused on: (1) the compensatory strategies which non-speaking children use in order to maximise their communicative effectiveness, and (2) the behaviour patterns favoured by their partners. Light’s (1989) model of communicative competence for individuals who use augmentative communication provides the theoretical framework for this study. Six children aged between 8.03yrs. and 12.10yrs. were videotaped interacting with a familiar communication partner in two contexts: general conversation (Context A) and communicating novel information (Context B). Results suggest that partner variables play a more significant role than Light’s original model suggested, although the child’s competence is also affected by the language made available to him/her. Theoretical and therapeutic implications are considered.
Speech and Language Therapy Assistants: The Views of Speech and Language Therapists in Ireland
Authors: Geraghty Anne
Published: February 2022

In response to the high demand for speech and language therapy services and the shortage of speech and language therapists in Ireland, the Department of Health and Children has signalled an intention to introduce a grade of speech and language therapy assistant into the Irish health services. This paper reports on the results of a study which examined the issues for speech and language therapists in relation to the possible introduction of such a grade. It describes the views of speech and language therapists concerning the value of an assistant grade; the tasks that speech and language therapists believe could be appropriately carried out by an assistant; whether they feel ready for the introduction of such a grade, and their opinions in relation to the training and supervision of assistants.