bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Relationship Between Musical Imagery and Anxiety
Authors: Ulor Michelle , Bailes Freya , O’Connor Daryl B.
Published: March 2022

Imagining music in the mind's ear is common in everyday life and is characterised by individual differences in who is likely to experience involuntary musical imagery. Research has explored the relationship between musical imagery and mental health (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder); however, little is known about the relationship between anxiety and musical imagery. The current study investigated the associations between these two variables. 432 participants completed a cross-sectional, online survey, measuring trait anxiety, depression, musical imagery experience, the controllability of unwanted thoughts, and aspects of sleep. Positive associations were found between trait anxiety and the frequency, negative valence and perceived helpfulness of involuntary musical imagery, and the amount of music imagined whilst trying to sleep. Trait anxiety did not correlate with the controllability of auditory imagery. These findings provide a clearer understanding of musical imagery's relationship with anxiety and have implications for using voluntary musical imagery to reduce anxiety.
Treatment of redo-microvascular decompression or internal neurolysis plus microvascular decompression for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia: a review of long-term effectiveness and safety
Authors: Wang Baisheng , Zhang Li , Yu Yanbing
Published: March 2022

Objective

We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression (MVD) to treat typical recurrent TN.

Methods

We identified 3024 patients who underwent MVD for treatment of TN at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2009 to December 2020. We retrospectively analyzed the data and outcomes of 137 patients who underwent redo-MVD and 74 patients who did not undergo redo-MVD as the control group. These outcomes were evaluated using the Barrow Neurological Institute scoring system.

Results

Recurrence in 68 of the 137 patients was due to incomplete or absent decompression or new responsible vessels. To ensure thorough pain relief, redo-MVD should include decompression of both the trigeminal root entry zone and the peripheral nerve segments, where blood vessels can cause symptoms. Factors associated with reduced effectiveness of redo-MVD were no period of initial pain relief after the first MVD and a longer duration of symptoms before the first MVD.

Conclusions

Redo-MVD should not be excluded as a treatment option for patients with refractory TN who develop recurrent pain after a first MVD procedure.
Interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage in domestic animals
Authors: Carvallo Francisco R. , Stevenson Valentina B.
Published: March 2022

Classification of pneumonia in animals has been controversial, and the most problematic pattern is interstitial pneumonia. This is true from the gross and histologic perspectives, and also from a mechanistic point of view. Multiple infectious and noninfectious diseases are associated with interstitial pneumonia, all of them converging in the release of inflammatory mediators that generate local damage and attract inflammatory cells that inevitably trigger a second wave of damage. Diffuse alveolar damage is one of the more frequently identified histologic types of interstitial pneumonia and involves injury to alveolar epithelial and/or endothelial cells, with 3 distinct stages. The first is the “exudative” stage, with alveolar edema and hyaline membranes. The second is the “proliferative” stage, with hyperplasia and reactive atypia of type II pneumocytes, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in the interstitium and early proliferation of fibroblasts. These stages are reversible and often nonfatal. If damage persists, there is a third “fibrosing” stage, characterized by fibrosis of the interstitium due to proliferation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, persistence of type II pneumocytes, segments of squamous metaplasia of alveolar epithelium, plus inflammation. Understanding the lesion patterns associated with interstitial pneumonias, their causes, and the underlying mechanisms aid in accurate diagnosis that involves an interdisciplinary collaborative approach involving pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists.
The use of alkaline phosphatase and runx2 to distinguish osteosarcoma from other common malignant primary bone tumors in dogs
Authors: Barger Anne , Baker Kate , Driskell Elizabeth , Sander Will , Roady Patrick , Berry Matthew , Schnelle Amy , Fan Timothy M.
Published: March 2022

In dogs, primary bone tumors can be difficult to distinguish with histopathology. Of those tumors, osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common and aggressive. In this study, 4 immunohistochemistry markers—alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OP), and runx2—were evaluated for their ability to distinguish OSA from other primary bone tumors. The 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, primary canine bone tumors included 15 OSAs, 8 chondrosarcomas, 11 fibrosarcomas, and 8 histiocytic sarcomas. All 4 antibodies were highly sensitive for detection of osteosarcoma. ALP was the most sensitive at 100% and runx2 the most specific at 78%. Running ALP and runx2 in series resulted in a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 85%. This combination of immunomarkers resulted in a diagnostic panel for distinguishing osteosarcoma from other primary bone tumors.
Any Time, Any Place, Any Way, Any Pace: Markets, EdTech, and the spaces of schooling
Authors: Cohen Dan
Published: March 2022

For decades investors have sought to find ways of profiting off the billions of public dollars spent annually on systems of public schooling across the world. This interest has coincided with the growing marketization of systems of public schooling, especially in the United States, as well as the increased use of educational technologies (or EdTech). This study examines the implications of the growing use of profit-driven educational technologies for the politics and spatial practices of schooling. Specifically, it examines past experiences with market-oriented EdTech systems in Oregon and Michigan to highlight how the combination of market systems of governance and profit-driven EdTech practices depend on the deconstruction of links between schools, communities, and students in order to roll out aspatial and apolitical educational practices that maximize profits. The placeless vision for education embedded in profit-driven EdTech helps promote the reproduction of dominant orders and stifles place-based struggles over educational justice.
Parallel Structures in Judges and the Formation of the Book
Authors: Spronk Klaas
Published: March 2022

In addition to the well-known repetitions in the book of Judges, this article maps a number of meaningful cases of repetition in the form of parallel structures in chapters 1, 14–16 and 17–21. This special use of repetition can be regarded as characteristic of the editor who was responsible for the book in its final form. The analysis of this phenomenon helps to provide a better view of the structure of the book as a whole and to explain the function of the double references to the death of Joshua and to the twenty years of Samson as a judge. The specific use of parallel structures at the beginning and end of the book can also be related to theories that attempt to reconstruct the formation of the book and the way in which it is connected to both the preceding book of Joshua and the following book of Samuel.
‘For a Man Is Born to Suffer’: Intertextuality between Job 4–5 and Gen. 2.4b–3.24
Authors: Saleem Yasir
Published: March 2022

The first speech of Eliphaz is the epitome of the scholarly consensus that the authors of the book of Job constructed their arguments through intertextual dialogues with various other texts in the Hebrew Bible. In this article, I argue that Job 4–5 contains three allusions (Job 4.9, 4.19, and 5.6–7a) to Gen. 2.4b–3.24 that not only provide the fundamental framework of Eliphaz’s argument for the efficacy of the deed-consequence nexus but are also vital in understanding its thrust. The literary placement of these allusions reveals that they are drawn to underpin Eliphaz’s rhetorical questions and personal observations theologically. This reflects that during the time of the book of Job’s composition (the postexilic era), Gen. 2.4b–3.24 played an important role in the debate on the deed-consequence nexus. Finally, whereas many have tried to resolve the problem of thematic inconsistencies in Job 4–5 by reorganizing the text, I propose that tracing and interpreting these allusions is the key to solving this puzzle.
Examining the status of prison libraries around the world: A literature review
Authors: Hussain Syed Tauseef , Batool Syeda Hina , Rehman Ata ur , Zahra Syeda Kiran , Mahmood Khalid
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to review the published literature and highlight the situation of prison libraries around the world. The study strives to adopt a comprehensive approach while reviewing the literature in order to survey the present status geographically. The available published literature on prison libraries in local and international library and information science journals has been reviewed. The researchers also consulted other sources, such as books, theses, dissertations, conference proceedings, library websites, individuals and professional organizations, including the American Library Association, Association of College and Research Libraries, and IFLA. The databases used included Library and Information Science Abstracts, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts, Emerald, JSTOR, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. The keywords used for searching can be categorized as ‘prison libraries’, ‘jail libraries’, ‘correctional institution libraries’ and ‘rehabilitation centres’. Overall, findings suggest that the situation of prison libraries in USA, UK, Europe and Asia (only urban areas) is much better as compared to the other regions of the world. This situation is because of the availability of resources, access to the Internet, technology, automated catalogues, cooperation with other libraries such as public libraries, and regular budgets to run library affairs smoothly. A lack of professional staff, the unavailability of library space, limited collections, censorship issues, a poor budgetary situation, the absence of library associations in developing countries, and a lack of cooperation among prison libraries and public libraries are the major causes of the current situation of prison libraries. The study is unique in nature as it highlights the situation of prison libraries worldwide through a wide lens, focusing on standards, services and difficulties, as well as recommendations made by the researchers.
Democratization as an impetus for peace talks in civil wars
Authors: Arı Barış
Published: March 2022

Costs associated with recognizing an internal armed challenger as a legitimate bargaining partner deter governments from initiating peace talks. Yet peaceful termination of conflict requires formal negotiations between the belligerents. This article presents evidence that democratic reforms provide a window of opportunity for peace talks. Democratic reforms represent an opportunity to break away from the past policies of the state and render the conflict as an artifact of the preceding authoritarian institutions. The article contributes to the research field by enhancing our ability to predict negotiations. It also highlights that democratic reforms can be undertaken during an ongoing civil conflict.
Effects of Timing of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Shock. An Analysis of the Multicenter Prospective Observational VOLUME–CHASERS Cohort
Authors: Goel Neha N. , Chen Jen–Ting , Roberts Russel , Sevransky Jonathan , Gong Michelle N. , Mathews Kusum S. ,   VOLUME-CHASERS Study Group and Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Network
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Describe the variation in practice and identify predictors of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use in shock. Explore the association between the timing of IMV initiation (“Early” vs. “Delayed”) on shock duration. Design: Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study between September 2017 and February 2018 Setting: 34 hospitals in the United States and Jordan. Patients: Consecutive, adult, critically ill patients with shock, defined as a systolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90mm Hg, mean arterial pressure less than or equal to 65mm Hg, or need for a vasopressor medication. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: “Early” IMV was defined as starting IMV 0–6 hours of shock onset and “Delayed” IMV was defined as starting IMV between 6 and 48 hours of shock onset. The primary outcome was shock–free days, defined as the number of days without shock after the first 48 hours of shock onset. Variation and predictors of IMV use were examined within the whole cohort as well as the subgroup of those intubated within 0–48 hours of shock onset. Mixed effects modeling with hospital site as a random effect showed that there was 7% variation by site in the use and timing of IMV in this shock cohort. In a propensity–matched model for the timing of IMV, “Early” IMV after shock onset was associated with more shock–free days when compared to “Delayed” IMV in those intubated within 0–48 hours of shock onset (Beta coefficient 0.65 days, 95% CI 0.14-1.16 days). Conclusions: Timing of IMV initiation for patients in shock has potentially important implications for patient outcomes and merits further study.
The expediency of literature: French humanitarian narratives between politics and the market
Authors: Sabo Oana
Published: March 2022

In recent years, French authors have called for the mobilization of literature in favor of migrants’ rights and recognition. Writers, publishers, and booksellers have donated all revenue to humanitarian agencies such as La Cimade, Amnesty International, and UNHCR. At the same time, humanitarian NGOs have mobilized literary works to rally audiences around migrant issues. This essay examines how contemporary French literature and humanitarian organizations work in tandem to respond to the international migrant “crisis.” Drawing on George Yúdice's notion of “culture as resource,” I analyze two literary works—Matéi Visniec's play Migraaaants and Émilie de Turckheim's autofictional text Le Prince à la petite tasse—to argue that literary works’ ability to raise awareness about current migrations is enhanced when they sit alongside the actions of humanitarian NGOs.
Evaluation of Reanalysis and Analysis Datasets against Measured Wind Data for Wind Resource Assessment
Authors: Kanwal Ammara , Tahir Zia ul Rehman , Asim Muhammad , Hayat Nasir , Farooq Muhammad , Abdullah Muhammad , Azhar Muhammad
Published: March 2022

The evaluation of reanalysis and analysis data (estimated data) against in-situ measured data is essential to find uncertainties before its use for wind resource assessment. The performance evaluation of four different generations reanalysis datasets (NCEP-CFSR, NCEP-DOE, NCEP-NCAR and JRA-55) and two analysis datasets (NCEP-FNL and NCEP-GFS) was done against measured data for six sites using statistical analysis. A comparison of monthly mean time-series, Weibull probability distribution function and wind rose diagram of measured and estimated data was performed. The MBE and RMSE for wind speed range from −2.18 to 2.01 m/s and 1.34 to 3.00 m/s respectively; whereas MBE and RMSE for wind direction range from −34.34° to 13.90° and 40.58° to 71.28° respectively for six sites using all datasets. NCEP-CFSR data show promising results for most of the sites with the lowest errors and better correlation coefficients. NCEP-CFSR data being the new generation reanalysis having higher spatial resolution show better results compared to other reanalyses and analyses. The reanalysis and analysis wind data can be used as alternative to measured data to assess wind energy potential.
Managing wilderness? Holocene-scale, human-related disturbance dynamics as revealed in a remote, forested area in the Czech Republic
Authors: Pokorný Petr , Bobek Přemysl , Šída Petr , Novák Jan , Ptáková Michaela , Walls Matthew
Published: March 2022

In the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe, which were inhabited continuously from the very start of the Holocene to the present times, it is difficult to find territories suitable for investigation of natural baselines. For this reason, we picked the complicated rocky terrain of one upland area in NE Bohemia called Adrspach because, based on the absence of archeological finds, it was supposed to have never been deforested or managed by people. The remote and inhospitable character of this particular area further encouraged this assumption. To our great surprise, however, high-resolution pollen analyses, supplemented by analyses of non-pollen palynomorphs and microscopic charcoals reveals that the local forest ecosystem had a dynamic development over entire Holocene. We were able to correlate this high-resolution understanding of vegetation successions with repeated fire disturbances. Was this fire disturbance dynamic natural? Subsequent archeological exploration and excavation in the area brought unexpected evidence, pointing to rather continuous human presence throughout most of the Holocene. From the Early Mesolithic to the Late Neolithic, available evidence suggests a hunter-gatherer mode of resource management. From the start of the Late-Holocene (ca 4 ka BP), the occurrence of coprophilous fungal spores and secondary anthropogenic pollen indicators suggest this area was impacted by recurrent domestic animal grazing. Testing this approach also in other remote forested areas of Central Europe, we argue, can have far-reaching implications for understanding long term human-environment agency by transforming our understanding of alternative subsistence and land use strategies during prehistory. At the same time, this can significantly alter existing concepts used in Central European nature conservation strategies, which tend to be based on an underlying assumption that our work challenges – the survival of little impacted wilderness at the Holocene scale.
Vegetation and environmental changes since the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from a lake core from Saiyong Co, central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Lina , Hou Xiaohuan , Yu Xiaoshan , Wang Nannan , Zhang Yanrong , Cao Xianyong
Published: March 2022

Pollen and grain-size records from a small lake (Saiyong Co) in the source region of the Yangtze River, central Tibetan Plateau are presented and used to reveal vegetation and lake environmental history since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results indicate that the Saiyong Co basin was a marshy environment with sparse vegetation cover from 21.3 to 6.6 cal. ka BP, before becoming a lake. Highest water level is inferred for 3.9–3.4 cal. ka BP followed by a gradual drying up until 100 years ago. Since then, the lake level has begun to rise again. Pollen spectra are dominated by Artemisia, Poaceae and Cyperaceae, and vegetation changes are mainly reflected by changes in the proportion of these three taxa, especially Artemisia and Cyperaceae. Two major events occurred at 3.9 cal. ka BP and 1.2 cal. ka BP, in response to climate change. Our results also reveal that lake-level changes affect the interpretation of the pollen assemblages due to the relationship between lake size and the pollen source area. Local pollen became the dominant component in pollen assemblages at 0.6 cal. ka BP when the lake level fell to below a certain depth. A higher percentage of Cyperaceae marks the lake’s retreat and reflects the local vegetation around Saiyong Co during 0.6 to ~0.1 cal. ka BP. In the last 100 years, a high value of Cyperaceae is linked to a wetter climate with no obvious evidence for human activities. Our results have important implications for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages from small lakes as the size of the lake through its history also needs to be known to prevent erroneous interpretations of the pollen data.
Use of telemedicine for follow-up of lupus nephritis in the COVID-19 outbreak: The 6-month results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: So Ho , Chow Evelyn , Cheng Isaac T , Lau Sze-Lok , Li Tena K , Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Tam Lai-Shan
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term patient satisfaction, compliance, disease control, and infection risk of telemedicine (TM) compared with standard in-person follow-up (FU) for patients with lupus nephritis (LN) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

This was a single-center open-label randomized controlled study. Consecutive patients followed at the LN clinic were randomized to either TM or standard FU (SF) group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the TM group received FU via videoconferencing. SF group patients continued conventional in-person outpatient care. The 6-month data were compared and presented.

Results

From June to December 2020, 122 patients were randomized (TM: 60, SF: 62) and had at least 2 FUs. There were no baseline differences, including SLEDAI-2k and proportion of patients in lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), between the two groups except a higher physician global assessment score (PGA) in the TM group. After a mean FU of 19.8 ± 4.5 weeks, the overall patient satisfaction score was higher in the TM group. More patients in the TM group had hospitalization (15/60, 25.0% vs 7/62, 11.3%; p = .049) with higher baseline PGA (OR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08–1.26) being the independent predictor. The proportions of patients remained in LLDAS were similar in the two groups (TM: 75.0% vs SF: 74.2%, p = .919). None of the patients had COVID-19.

Conclusions

TM FU resulted in better patient satisfaction and similar short-term disease control in patients with LN compared to standard care. However, it was associated with more hospitalizations and might need to be complemented by in-person visits especially in patients with higher PGA.
The relationship between serum A proliferation-inducing ligand and B-cell activating factor levels with disease activity and organ involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sari Selma , Cinar Suzan , Yalcinkaya Yasemin , Artim-Esen Bahar , Ozluk Yasemin , Gul Ahmet , Ocal Lale , Deniz Günnur , Inanc Murat
Published: March 2022

Objectives

We aim to investigate the association between serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) levels with disease activity and clinical findings in SLE patients.

Methods

Seventy-nine patients with SLE and 27 healthy controls were included into the study. Serum BAFF and APRIL levels were measured by using ELISA. In 19 patients with active disease at the time of the assessment, BAFF/APRIL levels were reassessed after 6 months of follow-up and disease activity was evaluated by using SLEDAI-2K. The relationship between renal histopathology index scores and lupus nephritis (LN) classes with serum BAFF/APRIL levels was examined in 16 patients who had recent renal involvement and underwent biopsy during the study.

Results

Although both BAFF/APRIL levels were higher in patients with SLE compared to the control group ( p < 0.001), no correlation was found between BAFF/APRIL levels and SLEDAI scores. Serum BAFF levels were higher in patients with renal disease activity ( p = 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between APRIL levels and proteinuria (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). A weak inverse correlation was observed between BAFF and C3 levels (r = 0.25, p = 0.02). No correlation was found between BAFF/APRIL levels and renal SLEDAI scores, renal histopathology, activity, and chronicity index scores. In the active disease group after treatment, there was no significant change in serum BAFF levels, but a significant increase in serum APRIL levels was observed.

Conclusion

These results suggest that both cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE and that serum BAFF can be valuable as a biomarker in SLE especially in patients with renal activity.
The Influences of Changes in Physical Activity Levels With Easing Restriction of Access to the University Campus on Empathy and Social Supports in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shima Takeru , Nakao Hayato , Tai Kentaro , Shimofure Tomonori , Jesmin Subrina , Arai Yoshihiro , Kiyama Keiko , Onizawa Yoko
Published: March 2022

College students in Japan are restricted from accessing the campus associated with promoting online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic; it would lead to less physical activity and poor relationships with others. Here, we measured 887 college students’ amounts of physical activity, sitting time, self-reported cognitive and affective empathy, and perceived social support before and after easing campus entrance restrictions. The amounts of total activity, vigorous-intensity, and moderate-intensity activity in college students, both male and female, increased after easing restrictions of accessing the campus compared during restrictions. The amounts of walking activity were unchanged. Self-reported cognitive empathy scores significantly increased in female students after mitigating restrictions, but not in males. Furthermore, the total of physical activity’s change amounts was positively correlated with changes in the scores of affective empathy and perceived family support. In addition, changes in the scores of affective empathy were positively correlated with perceived social help from family, friends, and close people. The current findings imply that increasing physical activity levels after easing restriction of access to the campus would lead to a better quality of life in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Childhood Experiences and Perspectives of Individuals With Orofacial Clefts: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Jensen Emilija D. , Poirier Brianna F. , Oliver Kelly J. , Roberts Rachel , Anderson Peter J. , Jamieson Lisa M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

Children and adolescents with orofacial clefts may experience ongoing psychosocial impacts due to the continuous nature of cleft treatments, facial and dental differences, and speech and hearing difficulties. The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to better understand the experiences of children and adolescents with orofacial clefts.

Design

A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify relevant qualitative studies evaluating the lived experience of children and adolescents with orofacial clefts from inception through to June 2021. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs methodology and a meta-aggregative approach.

Results

The search identified 2466 studies, with 13 found to meet the inclusion criteria. Extraction of 155 findings resulted in 27 categories, which were meta-aggregated into 7 overarching synthesized findings. These 7 core findings included aspects of child experience and findings that enhanced or impeded child experience at the individual, family, and community levels.

Conclusions

Factors that impeded child experience at the individual, family, and community levels were more pronounced than factors that enhanced their experience among children and adolescents with orofacial clefts. Further initiatives are needed to provide support to individuals, families, and school communities to enhance children's experience of orofacial cleft during the formative childhood and adolescent years.
Adolescents’ Suggestions on how to Support Their Sleep: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Jakobsson Malin , Josefsson Karin , Högberg Karin
Published: March 2022

Sleeping difficulties among adolescents constitute a pressing public health issue, and it is of the utmost importance that these are approached from a health-promotion perspective. This study explores adolescents’ suggestions on how their sleep could be supported. Data were collected via eight focus group interviews with 43 adolescents aged 15–16, in Sweden, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results describe the adolescents’ suggestions on how their sleep could be supported in three themes: being supported by involved parents— routines, engagement, and warmth are vital; being supported to achieve knowledge on the “whys” and “hows” of sleep—increased knowledge gives the ability to make well-grounded sleep choices; and being guided into finding balance—balance in life is difficult to achieve and adolescents desire support. Parents, school nurses, health professionals, and anyone who has the opportunity to improve and promote sleep should consider adolescents’ suggestions.
The Father’s Voice: Reclaiming a Neglected Aspect of the Doctrine of the Trinity
Authors: Soulen R. Kendall
Published: March 2022

While the New Testament records that all three persons of the Trinity become perceptible to the human senses in the “fulness of time,” doctrines of the Trinity frequently follow Augustine's example in On the Trinity by focusing only on the visible appearances of the Son and Holy Spirit while leaving the trinitarian significance of the Father's voice unexamined. This essay seeks to make good this paterological deficit by asking, “What does the Father's voice reveal about the Father's unique hypostatic identity and the purpose for the sake of which the Father sent the Son and Spirit in the fullness of time?” It answers the question by means of the theological interpretation of scripture focusing on the place of John 12:28 in the Gospel of John.
“I Contain Multitudes”: The Divine Basis for the Theological Interpretation of Scripture
Authors: Radner Ephraim
Published: March 2022

Theological interpretation of Scripture has often been understood in terms of method. This essay, drawing on Christian, Jewish, and Islamic reflection, as well as the anarchic metaphysics of Paul Feyerabend, argues that the category of “method” or “methodology” does not apply to theological interpretation, which ought instead to be understood as a human posture of receiving divine speech. This receptive posture is shaped especially by the infinitely complex character of divine speech that the Scripture constitutes, and it is just this character that subverts “method” itself as an adequate conceptuality for defining how one hears and understands God's Word.
Evaluation of DOAC Dipstick Test for Detecting Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Urine Compared with a Clinically Relevant Plasma Threshold Concentration
Authors: Örd Lenna , Marandi Toomas , Märk Marit , Raidjuk Leonid , Kostjuk Jelena , Banys Valdas , Krause Karit , Pikta Marika
Published: March 2022

Measuring direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) concentrations might be necessary in certain clinical situations but is not routinely performed. The DOAC Dipstick is a new rapid test for detecting DOACs in urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible uses and limitations of the DOAC Dipstick and to compare visual analysis and DOASENSE Reader analysis of DOAC Dipstick pads. Plasma and urine samples were collected from 23 patients taking DOACs. DOAC concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by chromogenic substrate assays and in urine also by the DOAC Dipstick. Plasma concentrations were dichotomized at a threshold of ≥30 ng/mL. Patient samples were compared with samples from control individuals not using anticoagulants (n = 10) and with DOASENSE control urines. The Combur-10 test was used to measure parameters that may affect urine color and hence the interpretation of the DOAC Dipstick result. DOAC Dipstick test results were positive in 21/23 patient urine samples at a plasma DOAC concentration of ≥30 ng/mL and in 2/23 patient urine samples at a plasma DOAC concentration of <30 ng/mL. Inter-observer agreement was above 90% for visual analysis of patient urine samples and was 100% for DOASENSE Reader analysis of patient urines and for analysis of control group urines and DOASENSE control urines. Abnormalities in urine color detected by the Combur-10 test did not affect the DOAC Dipstick results. DOAC Dipstick detects DOACs in urine at a plasma threshold of ≥30 ng/mL. Positive DOAC Dipstick results should be confirmed by measuring DOAC plasma concentration.
Beyond Urban Displacement: Suburban Poverty and Eviction
Authors: Hepburn Peter , Rutan Devin Q. , Desmond Matthew
Published: March 2022

Eviction has been studied almost exclusively as an urban phenomenon. The growing suburbanization of poverty in the United States, however, provides new cause to analyze the prevalence and correlates of displacement beyond cities. This study analyzes urban-suburban disparities in eviction rates across 71 large metropolitan areas. We show that eviction is a common experience in suburbs as well as cities. Urban eviction rates exceed suburban rates in most cases, but one in six metropolitan areas experienced higher eviction rates in the suburbs. Multilevel models show that key correlates of eviction—especially poverty and median rent—influence eviction patterns differently in urban and suburban contexts. We explore variations in urban-suburban disparities through case studies of Milwaukee, Seattle, and Miami. Metropolitan areas with larger shifts toward suburban poverty, more expensive urban rental markets, and more segregated suburbs experience more suburban evictions.
Retrospective drug utilization review of meropenem and role of infectious disease pharmacist in specialized cancer care hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rehan , Saleem Zikria , Batool Narjis , Babar Mahrukh , Shabbir Aleena
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Carbapenem antimicrobials are considered for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. The objective of this study was to review the use of meropenem in cancer patients and to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist's intervention in this practice to reduce possible risks associated with use of meropenem.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted among 100 patients who received meropenem at hospital. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included in this retrospective study with aim to review rationality and possible side effects associated with meropenem use in our study population. It was revealed that meropenem used was associated with rise in bilirubin in many of our study patients. Pharmacist were found to be instrumental in placing timely interventions for either de-escalation or switch of meropenem to imipenem/cilastatin to reduce that risk. Interventions were accepted by physicians in most of the cases.

Conclusion

De-escalation and switching were performed in accordance with pharmacist recommendations in more than half of study population with empirically started/ study population in which meropenem was used.
Real-world incidence of venetoclax toxicities in British Columbia
Authors: Lee Cassandra , Markarian Adeline , Ladha Fatima , Nakashima Lynne , de Lemos Mario , Schaff Kimberly , Woo Stephanie , Gerrie Alina
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Venetoclax is used to treat relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (r/r CLL). Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious toxicity associated with venetoclax, and real-world studies suggest that the incidence may be higher than in clinical trials. The purpose of this study is to describe the incidence of venetoclax toxicities in British Columbia (BC).

Methods

Retrospective review of electronic medical charts for patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients treated with venetoclax for r/r CLL in BC. Patients were classified according to their risk for developing TLS. The incidence of TLS was categorized based on laboratory metrics or clinical diagnosis. Other non-TLS toxicities were also collected.

Results

Of 33 patients identified, 40%, 33%, and 27% were at low, intermediate, and high risk for TLS, respectively. Laboratory TLS occurred in 1/33 patients (3%), and no clinical TLS was reported. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities occurred in 19/33 patients (58%). Of these, neutropenia was the most common, occurring in 16 patients (84%) followed by thrombocytopenia, which occurred in 8 patients (42%).

Conclusions

The incidence of TLS in patients treated with venetoclax for r/r CLL in BC was lower than in other real-world studies. Findings may warrant further investigation to determine if the higher incidence of TLS in real-world reports may be mitigated through modifying TLS risk categorization and associated prophylactic measures. Neutropenia was the most common grade 3 or 4 venetoclax toxicity reported, and the incidence in BC is comparable to other centres.
Stochastic Zener model with complex order fractional derivatives
Authors: Atanacković Teodor , Pilipović Stevan , Seleši Dora
Published: March 2022

We analyze the dissipation inequality for the constitutive equation of a complex order fractional Zener model and obtain appropriate thermodynamical restrictions for the wave-type model equation in terms of its Laplace transform. These constraints obtained on the model parameters are less restrictive than the ones known in the previous literature. The main results of this paper are related to explicitly solving this equation in spaces of tempered distributions, proving the existence and uniqueness of the solution and discussing its regularity properties. The second set of results is related to the analysis of including random perturbations such as white noise in the model resulting in stochastic wave propagation models. We analyze various stochastic body forces, random initial excitations, and random initial velocities as input data followed by deriving the stochastic solution and calculating its most important statistical characteristics. All these results significantly extend our previous results related to a real order fractional Zener model.

MSC[2020]: 26A33, 35L05, 35R11, 35R60, 60G10, 60G15, 74D05, 74J05, 82D30
COVID-19 Mitigation Compliance and Vaccination Status Among Formerly Incarcerated Individuals in the United States
Authors: Testa Alexander , Fahmy Chantal
Published: March 2022

Background

To examine the relationship between incarceration history and an individual’s compliance toward COVID-19 mitigation strategies and vaccination status/intentions.

Method

Data are from the Crime, Health, and Politics Survey ( N = 1,735), a national probability sample of community-dwelling adults aged 18 and above living in the United States. Data were collected from May 10, 2021 to June 1, 2021. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between incarceration history and COVID-19 mitigation strategies and vaccination status/intentions.

Results

Individuals with a history of incarceration reported approximately twice the relative risk of rarely/never using hand sanitizer and rarely/never wearing a mask compared with always/very often. Incarceration history was associated with more than 3 times greater relative risk of reporting not being vaccinated and not planning to get vaccinated compared with currently being vaccinated.

Conclusion

Formerly incarcerated individuals are less likely to abide by key COVID-19 mitigation protocols and exhibit higher levels of vaccine hesitancy. These findings suggest that formerly incarcerated individuals, as well as their families and communities, may therefore be at greater risk of accelerated spread of COVID-19 because of these factors.
Combined nasal goniotomy – temporal trabeculotomy (NGTT) for circumferential angle surgery in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed Mostafa , Amin Rana Hussein
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To assess the safety and efficacy of combining nasal goniotomy with temporal trabeculotomy in the management of primary congenital glaucoma.

Design

Case series

Methods

Fifteen eyes of eleven children (3–12 months old at presentation) were enrolled in this study after the establishment of PCG diagnosis based on the criteria placed by the World Glaucoma Association. Combined nasal goniotomy and temporal trabeculotomy were done on each eye in an attempt to perform almost 360 degrees circumferential angle surgery without disturbing the superior 180 degrees of conjunctiva to preserve it for future filtering glaucoma surgeries.

Results

By first month, average IOP was 10.5 ± 4.3 mmHg with a 65.3% reduction from average pre-operative IOP. Almost the same percentage of reduction was maintained at 3rd,6thand 12thmonths postoperative visits with average IOP of 11.9 ± 4.65, 11.8 ± 2.77 and 13 ± 2.82 mmHg (60.7%, 61.1% and 57.2% reduction from pre-operative average). According to success rates, complete success has been achieved in all eyes but one (93.3%), with minor complications in 4 out of 15 eyes (26.6%) that did not affect IOP outcome. Nine out of fifteen eyes completed 18 months post-operative follow-up visits with a successfully, maintained target average IOP of 13.3 ± 3.0 mmHg (57.2% reduction). All of the mean IOP readings during post-operative follow-up period were significantly lower when compared to pre-operative IOP ( p < 0.0001). Only one eye had persistently elevated IOP of 26 mmHg at 1stand 3rdmonths post-operatively that necessitated a subsequent subscleral trabeculectomy which succeeded in controlling the pressure bringing it down to 15 mmHg on topical medications.

Conclusion

Nasal goniotomy – temporal trabeculotomy (NGTT) is the combination of two well established surgeries that exploits the advantages of circumferential angle surgery while sparing the superior conjunctiva completely for future surgeries if needed. This new procedure was safe and effective in lowering IOP by an average of 60% from pre-operative IOP with a sustained effect till 18 months post-operatively. We believe that this surgery might be added to the armentarium of the surgical management of infantile glaucomas with other circumferential angle surgeries.
Changes in optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Icel Erel , Ucak Turgay , Ugurlu Adem , Erdol Hidayet
Published: March 2022

Purpose

25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] sufficiency has critical biological importance for the human body. Although there are several studies on the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and macular structure, the data in this regard are limited. This study mainly aimed to investigate macular microvascular structure using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in 25(OH)D deficiency.

Study Design

Prospective, single-center, clinical study.

Methods

The study included 82 eyes of 82 patients with 25(OH)D deficiency (Group I) and 50 eyes of 50 healthy subjects (Group II). All participants underwent OCTA examinations. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density (VD) measurements of the participants were statistically compared between the patients and healthy subjects.

Results

The mean 25(OH)D levels measured from the venous blood samples of the participants were 7.61 ± 3.27 ng/mL in Group I and 25.39 ± 4.16 ng/mL in Group II, and the difference between these values was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The FAZ measurement was significantly higher in Group I. The VDs of the SCP and DCP measurements were significantly higher in Group II. When the central macular thickness values of the participants were compared, Group II had a significantly higher value, but there was no significant difference in the central macular volume and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness analyses.

Conclusion

The results showed that the FAZ area was significantly higher and the VDs of SCP and DCP were significantly lower in the patients with 25(OH)D deficiency. We found that 25(OH)D deficiency affected macular microvascular architecture.
Visual and refractive outcomes of monofocal toric intraocular lens implantation in amblyopic eyes
Authors: Rementería-Capelo Laureano A. , Fernández-Cuenca Sara , Gros-Otero Juan , García-Pérez Jorge L , Morán Aida , Contreras Inés
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes of monofocal toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after cataract surgery in amblyopic eyes

Methods

Our center’s database was used to identify patients who had undergone bilateral cataract surgery between 2016 and 2020 with the implantation of a toric IOL in their amblyopic eye. Exclusion criteria were the presence of strabismus, ocular pathologies other than cataract or intra-surgical complications. The outcomes analysed were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), subjective refraction and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) one month after surgery.

Results

Ninety patients were included, with a mean age of 68.96 ± 7.81years. CDVA was lower for the amblyopic eye, both before and after surgery. There was a mean improvement in CDVA of 0.23 ± 0.21 LogMAR for the dominant eye and of 0.39 ± 0.33 for the amblyopic eye, p < 0.001 in both cases. Postoperative subjective refractive cylinder was higher in the amblyopic eye (-0.24 ± 0.39 D versus −0.10 ± 0.25 D, p < 0.01), as well as mean cylinder prediction error (-0.30 ± 0.47 D versus 0.02 ± 0.42 D, p < 0.01), compared to the dominant eye. There was a statistically significant correlation between preoperative and postoperative CDVA in amblyopic eyes (Spearmańs Rho = 260, p = 0.013). Mean postoperative UCVA was 0.15 ± 0.25 for amblyopic and 0.03 ± 0.12 for dominant eyes. Only one patient required distance spectacle correction due to residual astigmatism.

Conclusions

Cataract surgery with toric IOL implantation in amblyopic eyes leads to an improvement in visual acuity and to spectacle independence in almost all cases, even in the presence of a higher cylinder prediction error.
Systematic differences in online reviews of hotel services between business and leisure travelers
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Ma Haoxiang , Park Sungjun (Steven)
Published: March 2022

To understand whether the purpose of travel affects differences in the evaluation of hotel services, we analyzed online reviews for 768 hotels in New York City. The results show that leisure travelers are predisposed to leaving online reviews with higher ratings and positive emotions than those posted by business travelers, while the latter's review ratings are more widely dispersed, indicating greater inconsistency in their evaluations of hotel services. Based on our empirical evidence about systematic differences in online reviews of hotel services between business and leisure travelers, we can provide the hospitality industry with meaningful business implications.
Remote control: Horizontal surveillance and the gendering of carceral punishment
Authors: Gibson-Light Michael
Published: March 2022

Research traditionally suggests that men incarcerated in the USA regard horizontal surveillance—that is, monitoring the behaviors of other prisoners—as antithetical to notions of masculinity behind bars. Yet, following an 18-month ethnography in a US prison for men, this article reveals that the imprisoned may in fact embrace prisoner-on-prisoner monitoring tied to labor. It details how participants in this institution sought out peer surveillants who had the power to grant referrals to more desirable jobs. Within prison worksites, individuals further policed peers’ production and service quality. Labor-based horizontal surveillance was integral to performances of masculinity related to employment status and work ethic. Drawing on labor scholarship as well as studies of surveillance in other penal settings, this article reveals how supervision maps onto gendered beliefs about work, offending, and contemporary American corrections in ways that contribute to carceral agendas and broader systems of control.