bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilayer Scaffolds of PLLA/PCL/CAB Ternary Blend Films and Curcumin-Incorporated PLGA Electrospun Nanofibers: The Effects of Polymer Compositions and Solvents on Morphology and Molecular Interactions
Authors: Tuanchai Areeya , Iamphring Phakanan , Suttaphakdee Pattaraporn , Boupan Medta , Mikule Jaroslav , Pérez Aguilera Juan Pablo , Worajittiphon Patnarin , Liu Yujia , Ross Gareth Michael , Kunc Stepan , Mikeš Petr , Unno Masafumi , Ross Sukunya
Published: June 2024

Tissue engineering scaffolds have been dedicated to regenerating damaged tissue by serving as host biomaterials for cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, and proliferation to develop new tissue. In this work, the design and fabrication of a biodegradable bilayer scaffold consisting of a ternary PLLA/PCL/CAB blend film layer and a PLGA/curcumin (CC) electrospun fiber layer were studied and discussed in terms of surface morphology, tensile mechanical properties, and molecular interactions. Three different compositions of PLLA/PCL/CAB—60/15/25 (TBF1), 75/10/15 (TBF2), and 85/5/10 (TBF3)—were fabricated using the solvent casting method. The electrospun fibers of PLGA/CC were fabricated using chloroform (CF) and dimethylformamide (DMF) co-solvents in 50:50 and 60:40 volume ratios. Spherical patterns of varying sizes were observed on the surfaces of all blend films—TBF1 (17–21 µm) > TBF2 (5–9 µm) > TBF3 (1–5 µm)—caused by heterogeneous surfaces inducing bubble nucleation. The TBF1, TBF2, and TBF3 films showed tensile elongation at break values of approximately 170%, 94%, and 43%, respectively. The PLGA/CC electrospun fibers fabricated using 50:50 CF:DMF had diameters ranging from 100 to 400 nm, which were larger than those of the PLGA fibers (50–200 nm). In contrast, the PLGA/CC electrospun fibers fabricated using 60:40 CF:DMF had diameters mostly ranging from 200 to 700 nm, which were larger than those of PLGA fibers (200–500 nm). Molecular interactions via hydrogen bonding were observed between PLGA and CC. The surface morphology of the bilayer scaffold demonstrated adhesion between these two solid surfaces resembling “thread stitches” promoted by hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and surface roughness.
Advancing Sustainability and Performance with Crushed Bottom Ash as Filler in Polymer-Modified Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Kim Yeong-Min , Kim Kyungnam , Le Tri Ho Minh
Published: June 2024

Amid the growing demand for sustainable pavement solutions and the need to incorporate recycled materials into construction practices, this study explored the viability of using crushed thermal power plant bottom ash as a filler in polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixtures. Conventional lime filler was replaced with bottom ash at varying levels (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%), and the resulting mixtures were evaluated using several performance tests. The optimal replacement level was determined to be 25%, based on the results of the indirect tensile strength (ITS) test. Comparisons between the control mixture and the 25% bottom ash-modified mixture were conducted using the dynamic modulus test, Cantabro test, Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) test, and tensile strength ratio (TSR) test. The findings indicate that the 25% bottom ash-modified mixture demonstrated improved performance across multiple parameters. The HWT test showed enhanced rut durability, with a recorded depth of 7.56 mm compared to 8.9 mm for the control mixture. The Cantabro test results revealed lower weight loss percentages for the modified mixture, indicating better abrasion resistance. The dynamic modulus test indicated higher resilience and stiffness in both high- and low-frequency stages. The TSR test highlighted improved moisture resistance, with higher TSR values after 10 wet-drying cycles. These improvements are attributed to the fine particle size and beneficial chemical composition of bottom ash, which enhance the asphalt mixture’s density, binder-aggregate adhesion, and overall durability. The results suggest that incorporating 25% crushed bottom ash as a filler in polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixtures is a viable and sustainable approach to improving pavement performance and longevity.
Heat and Moisture Transfer Depending on 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Foam and the Presence of Holes for 3D Printing Clothing Development
Authors: Kwon Sunghyun , Kwon Sungeun , Lee Heeran , Subramaniyam Murali
Published: June 2024

Recently, clothing development 3D printing and the evaluation of its physical characteristics have been explored. However, few studies have tackled thermal comfort, which is a major contributor to the wearers’ comfort. Therefore, this study was designed to suggest effective materials and hole sizes for clothing obtained by 3D printing to maintain a comfortable clothing environment. In particular, two main variables, namely five different materials and three-hole sizes, were analyzed. All samples were placed on a hot plate (36 °C), and their surface temperature and humidity were measured for 10 min. The samples with only thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) achieved the largest temperature change of 3.2~4.8 °C, whereas those with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam exhibited the lowest temperature change of −0.1~2.0 °C. Similarly, the samples with only TPU showed the greatest humidity change of −0.7~−5.5%RH. Moreover, the hole size had a larger effect on humidity change than material type. The samples with large holes achieved the largest humidity change of −4.4%RH, whereas the samples without holes had the smallest humidity change of −1.5%RH after 10 min (p < 0.001). Based on these results, various combinations of materials and hole sizes should be considered to fit the purpose of 3D printing clothing.
Mechanical Properties and Stress–Strain Relationship of PVA-Fiber-Reinforced Engineered Geopolymer Composite
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Zhenjun , Liu Xi , Yang Xinzhuo , Lv Jiaojiao
Published: June 2024

In this study, seven Engineering Geopolymer Composite (EGC) groups with varying proportions were prepared. Rheological, compressive, flexural, and axial tensile tests of the EGC were conducted to study the effects of the water/binder ratio, the cement/sand ratio, and fiber type on its properties. Additionally, a uniaxial tension constitutive model was established. The results indicate that the EGC exhibits early strength characteristics, with the 7-day compressive strength reaching 80% to 92% of the 28-day compressive strength. The EGC demonstrates high compressive strength and tensile ductility, achieving up to 70 MPa and 4%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the EGC improved with an increase in the sand/binder ratio and decreased with an increase in the water/binder ratio. The stress–strain curve of the EGC resembles that of the ECC, displaying a strain-hardening state that can be divided into two stages: before cracking, the matrix primarily bears the stress; after cracking, the slope decreases, and the fiber predominantly bears the stress.
Mechanism Analysis and Potential Applications of Atomic Oxygen Erosion Protection for Kapton-Type Polyimide Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Zhou Shengrui , Zhang Li , Zou Liang , Ayubi Bilal Iqbal , Wang Yiwei
Published: June 2024

Polyimide (PI) is widely used in aerospace applications due to its excellent properties. However, the high concentration of atomic oxygen (AO) in low-earth orbit (LEO) significantly degrades its performance. This study employs reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the AO erosion resistance of fluorinated polyimide (FPI) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) composite polyimide models. The 35 ps simulation results indicate that the PI/POSS composite exhibits the best protective performance. The protection mechanism involves the formation of an SiO2 carbonized layer that prevents the transmission of AO and heat to the polyimide matrix, resulting in a normalized mass of 84.1% after erosion. The FPI model shows the second-best protective effect, where the introduction of -CF3 groups enhances the thermal stability of the polyimide matrix, resulting in a normalized mass of 80.7% after erosion. This study explores the protective effects and mechanisms of different polyimide protection methods at the molecular level, providing new insights for the design of AO erosion protection systems.
Non-Isothermal Degradation Mechanism of Micro/Nano Titanium Dioxide-Enhanced Polycaprolactone Biocomposite
Authors: Ocelić Bulatović Vesna , Jakić Miće , Kučić Grgić Dajana , Jakić Jelena
Published: June 2024

Understanding the degradation behavior of polymer composites is crucial for their practical application, especially in areas such as biomedicine and environmental engineering. In this study, we investigated the influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle size and content, containing 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 wt% m/nTiO2, on the degradation mechanism of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) biocomposites. The degradation kinetics of the prepared biocomposites were evaluated using the Friedman method in conjunction with multivariate nonlinear regression facilitated by the Netzsch Thermokinetics software. The results indicate different degradation mechanisms for PCL biocomposites containing TiO2 microparticles compared to biocomposites containing TiO2 nanoparticles. However, the PCL biocomposites with TiO2 microparticles showed a three-step degradation process, and the PCL biocomposites with TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited a four-step degradation process. This difference can be attributed to the observed agglomeration of TiO2 nanoparticles within the PCL matrix, which leads to an additional diffusion step in the degradation process. Interestingly, the addition of TiO2 particles did not change the basic degradation mechanism of PCL but prolonged the degradation process to a higher conversion range. These findings shed light on the complicated interplay between the properties of the filler particles and the behavior of the polymer matrix and provide valuable clues for the design and optimization of biodegradable biocomposites.
Offshore Wind Power Foundation Corrosion Rate Prediction Model Based on Improved SHO Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Feng , Zou Hongbo , Ma Hengrui , Wang Hongxia
Published: June 2024

To improve the accuracy of offshore wind power foundation corrosion rate prediction and grasp the operation status of equipment in time, an offshore wind power foundation corrosion rate prediction model based on an improved spotted hyena optimization (SHO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to reduce the modeling workload of the offshore wind power foundation corrosion prediction model, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is used to extract the principal elements of the offshore wind power foundation corrosion rate. Secondly, for the problems in the SHO algorithm, it is easy to fall into local optimums, and the solution accuracy is not high; the SHO algorithm is improved by the convergence factor and Levy flight strategy, which gives the SHO algorithm stronger global search ability and convergence speed. Finally, based on the improved SHO algorithm, an offshore wind power base corrosion rate prediction model is established by optimizing the penalty parameter and kernel function parameter. Simulation results show that the average relative error, root mean square error, and global maximum relative error assimilation coefficient of the combined prediction model in this paper are 2.86%, 0.15, 3.74%, and 0.995, respectively, which are better than other corrosion prediction models.
Cross-Domain Classification Based on Frequency Component Adaptation for Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Zhu Peng , Zhang Xiangrong , Han Xiao , Cheng Xina , Gu Jing , Chen Puhua , Jiao Licheng
Published: June 2024

Cross-domain scene classification requires the transfer of knowledge from labeled source domains to unlabeled target domain data to improve its classification performance. This task can reduce the labeling cost of remote sensing images and improve the generalization ability of models. However, the huge distributional gap between labeled source domains and unlabeled target domains acquired by different scenes and different sensors is a core challenge. Existing cross-domain scene classification methods focus on designing better distributional alignment constraints, but are under-explored for fine-grained features. We propose a cross-domain scene classification method called the Frequency Component Adaptation Network (FCAN), which considers low-frequency features and high-frequency features separately for more comprehensive adaptation. Specifically, the features are refined and aligned separately through a high-frequency feature enhancement module (HFE) and a low-frequency feature extraction module (LFE). We conducted extensive transfer experiments on 12 cross-scene tasks between the AID, CLRS, MLRSN, and RSSCN7 datasets, as well as two cross-sensor tasks between the NWPU-RESISC45 and NaSC-TG2 datasets, and the results show that the FCAN can effectively improve the model’s performance for scene classification on unlabeled target domains compared to other methods.
Upscaling Forest Canopy Height Estimation Using Waveform-Calibrated GEDI Spaceborne LiDAR and Sentinel-2 Data
Authors: Wang Junjie , Shen Xin , Cao Lin
Published: June 2024

Forest canopy height is a fundamental parameter of forest structure, and plays a pivotal role in understanding forest biomass allocation, carbon stock, forest productivity, and biodiversity. Spaceborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems, such as GEDI (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation), provide large-scale estimation of ground elevation, canopy height, and other forest parameters. However, these measurements may have uncertainties influenced by topographic factors. This study focuses on the calibration of GEDI L2A and L1B data using an airborne LiDAR point cloud, and the combination of Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, 1D convolutional neural network (CNN), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF) for upscaling estimated forest height in the Guangxi Gaofeng Forest Farm. First, various environmental (i.e., slope, solar elevation, etc.) and acquisition parameters (i.e., beam type, Solar elevation, etc.) were used to select and optimize the L2A footprint. Second, pseudo-waveforms were simulated from the airborne LiDAR point cloud and were combined with a 1D CNN model to calibrate the L1B waveform data. Third, the forest height extracted from the calibrated L1B waveforms and selected L2A footprints were compared and assessed, utilizing the CHM derived from the airborne LiDAR point cloud. Finally, the forest height data with higher accuracy were combined with Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery for an upscaling estimation of forest height. The results indicate that through optimization using environmental and acquisition parameters, the ground elevation and forest canopy height extracted from the L2A footprint are generally consistent with airborne LiDAR data (ground elevation: R2 = 0.99, RMSE = 4.99 m; canopy height: R2 = 0.42, RMSE = 5.16 m). Through optimizing, ground elevation extraction error was reduced by 45.5% (RMSE), and the canopy height extraction error was reduced by 30.3% (RMSE). After training a 1D CNN model to calibrate the forest height, the forest height information extracted using L1B has a high accuracy (R2 = 0.84, RMSE = 3.13 m). Compared to the optimized L2A data, the RMSE was reduced by 2.03 m. Combining the more accurate L1B forest height data with Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery and using RF and ANN for the upscaled estimation of the forest height, the RF model has the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.64, RMSE = 4.59 m). The results show that the extrapolation and inversion of GEDI, combined with multispectral remote sensing data, serve as effective tools for obtaining forest height distribution on a large scale.
DPDU-Net: Double Prior Deep Unrolling Network for Pansharpening
Authors: Chen Yingxia , Li Yuqi , Wang Tingting , Chen Yan , Fang Faming
Published: June 2024

The objective of the pansharpening task is to integrate multispectral (MS) images with low spatial resolution (LR) and to integrate panchromatic (PAN) images with high spatial resolution (HR) to generate HRMS images. Recently, deep learning-based pansharpening methods have been widely studied. However, traditional deep learning methods lack transparency while deep unrolling methods have limited performance when using one implicit prior for HRMS images. To address this issue, we incorporate one implicit prior with a semi-implicit prior and propose a double prior deep unrolling network (DPDU-Net) for pansharpening. Specifically, we first formulate the objective function based on observation models of PAN and LRMS images and two priors of an HRMS image. In addition to the implicit prior in the image domain, we enforce the sparsity of the HRMS image in a certain multi-scale implicit space; thereby, the feature map can obtain better sparse representation ability. We optimize the proposed objective function via alternating iteration. Then, the iterative process is unrolled into an elaborate network, with each iteration corresponding to a stage of the network. We conduct both reduced-resolution and full-resolution experiments on two satellite datasets. Both visual comparisons and metric-based evaluations consistently demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DPDU-Net.
A High-Precision Hand–Eye Coordination Localization Method under Convex Relaxation Optimization
Authors: Hua Jin , Su Yuhang , Xin Daxin , Guo Weidong
Published: June 2024

Traditional switching operations require on-site work, and the high voltage generated by arc discharges can pose a risk of injury to the operator. Therefore, a combination of visual servo and robot control is used to localize the switching operation and construct hand–eye calibration equations. The solution to the hand–eye calibration equations is coupled with the rotation matrix and translation vectors, and it depends on the initial value determination. This article presents a convex relaxation global optimization hand–eye calibration algorithm based on dual quaternions. Firstly, the problem model is simplified using the mathematical tools of dual quaternions, and then the linear matrix inequality convex optimization method is used to obtain a rotation matrix with higher accuracy. Afterwards, the calibration equations of the translation vectors are rewritten, and a new objective function is established to solve the coupling influence between them, maintaining positioning precision at approximately 2.9 mm. Considering the impact of noise on the calibration process, Gaussian noise is added to the solutions of the rotation matrix and translation vector to make the data more closely resemble the real scene in order to evaluate the performance of different hand–eye calibration algorithms. Eventually, an experiment comparing different hand–eye calibration methods proves that the proposed algorithm is better than other hand–eye calibration algorithms in terms of calibration accuracy, robustness to noise, and stability, satisfying the accuracy requirements of switching operations.
Definitional Discrepancies: Defining “School Shootings” and Other Incidents of Gunfire Affecting Schools
Authors: Comer Benjamin P.
Published: June 2024

The current review explores multiple definitions of school shootings used by myriad data collection platforms and by various scholars. Importantly, the impacts of definitional discrepancies on inclusion criteria, data divergence, research, policy, and public perception are discussed at length. The review concludes with a call to Criminologists and school gun violence scholars to better collaborate on what should be considered a “school shooting” and lists five benefits that may result from modifying school gun violence definitions and data collection methodologies.
Aspects of Elite Female Football Players’ Training Loads and Sleep Variations
Authors: Gjertsås Kine , Moen Frode , Pettersen Svein Arne
Published: June 2024

The current study investigated the associations between female football players’ training loads and their sleep variations. The sample included 21 female elite football players from a Norwegian top-league club with a mean age of 24 years (±2.8). Sleep duration, sleep quality, and training load were monitored every day over 273 consecutive days with a Somnofy sleep monitor based on ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse radar and Doppler technology, and a FIFA-approved STATSports APEX 10 Hz GPS tracking system monitoring players’ training loads. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to investigate the relationships between the players’ training loads and sleep. It was revealed that very high training loads were associated with reduced time in bed (p = 0.005), total sleep time (p = 0.044)), and rapid eye movement (p < 0.001). The present findings show that the female football players’ sleep was disrupted when the training load, based on total distance (TDI), was very high. It appears to be a point where their sleep is somewhat consistent through low, medium, and high training loads, but with disrupted sleep when the training load reaches a very high level. Considering the reduced TIB after a very high training load, there should be suggested strategies to improve their sleep, such as extended TIB, to aid in longer TST and improved recovery.
Transparent Threads: Understanding How U.S. Consumers Respond to Traceable Information in Fashion
Authors: Huynh Hannah , Wojdyla Weronika , Van Dyk Colby , Yang Ziyi , Chi Ting
Published: June 2024

This study employed the stimulus–organism–response (S-O-R) model to investigate the factors that influence consumers’ internal evaluation and, consequently, their behavioral actions toward apparel with traceable information. The S-O-R model proposed comprised information quality, brand image, and promotional efforts as the stimuli, brand trust and perceived value as the organisms, and purchase intention, word-of-mouth, and brand loyalty as the behavioral responses. Additionally, consumer environmental knowledge was included as a moderator for the relationships between the stimuli and the organisms. A total of 400 eligible U.S. consumer responses were collected for analysis through a Qualtrics online survey. The proposed model’s psychometric properties were evaluated, and the hypotheses were tested using the multiple regression method. The model shows satisfactory explanatory power for consumers’ internal states and behavioral responses toward apparel with traceable information. To enhance traceable marketing strategies, brands should focus on improving their brand image and promotional efforts to motivate consumers to make more sustainable choices. Effective traceability has a substantial impact on consumer trust, loyalty, perceived value, WOM, and purchase intention. The proposed research model shows good explanatory power.
The Platformisation of Cycling—The Development of Bicycle-Sharing Systems in China: Innovation, Urban and Social Regeneration and Sustainability
Authors: Ferrari Giovannipaolo , Tan Yingxin , Diana Paolo , Palazzo Maria
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the widespread introduction of bike-sharing systems in China has had a profound impact on the daily lives of Chinese citizens and the development of the urban transport system. This article attempts to analyse the impact of this phenomenon on sustainability. The gradual improvement of related monitoring measures has facilitated the maturation of the bike-sharing industry from the initial stage of uncontrolled growth to the current stage of standardised management. By tracing the global development of bike-sharing systems with a special focus on China, this study sheds light on the platformisation of bicycles and their multiple impacts on technical, environmental, cultural, economic and social sustainability. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of bicycles in China and highlights the diverse impacts of platform-based bike sharing on various facets of Chinese society. The development of different bike-sharing systems in China is a unique and crucial case to interpret the current situation of bike sharing and imagine future scenarios. In contrast to the prevailing and uniform approach derived from the experiences of Northern European countries, the massive and widespread experimentation with different bike-sharing schemes in China reveals not only potentials and aspects of sustainability, innovation, and urban and social regeneration, but also some hidden shadows similar to those in small-scale contexts such as Northern Europe. Furthermore, this study emphasises the crucial role of sustainable development principles in addressing the urban challenges specific to China.
Can the Digital Economy Outperform the Oil Economy in Terms of Achieving Human Development?
Authors: Mohamed Nashwa Mostafa Ali , Frega Kamilia Abd-Elhaleem Ahmed , Binsuwadan Jawaher
Published: June 2024

The digital economy is reshaping the global economic landscape, with advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, and virtual reality revolutionizing industries and transforming how people work and live. While the digital economy has promise in terms of improving human capital development, for example, through increased access to education and healthcare services, it also presents challenges, such as job displacement and income inequality. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the digital economy on human development indicators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, seeking to understand how it influences education, health, and income levels. This paper provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance the Kingdom’s position in the global human development race by examining the relationship between the digital economy and human development using econometric models. This paper analyzes data from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program to measure the impact of the digital economy on sustainable human development indicators. The findings show that while the digital economy has negligible or negative influence on other human development indicators, it has a limited beneficial impact on education in the long run. In addition, attaining sustainable human development—which is consistent with Vision 2030—requires expanding the economy beyond the oil sector and fostering scientific and technological progress.
Enhancing Carbon Sequestration: A Systematic Literature Review of Spatial Decision Support Tools
Authors: Tarasova Ekaterina , Valentini Riccardo , Di Lallo Giulio , Cotrina-Sanchez Alexander , Chiriacò Maria Vincenza
Published: June 2024

Human activities impact greenhouse gas emissions through changes in land cover, land use, and land management. Conservation, restoration, and improved land use and land management are increasingly recognized as mitigation solutions. Policy instruments are crucial for addressing environmental challenges and supporting governance actors in enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing emissions in the land sector. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing spatial decision support systems (SDSSs) for assessing land-based mitigation options and to help policymakers choose the best way to use and manage land. In order to search for tools, a systematic literature review was conducted, where 187 articles suitable for the specified criteria were found, from which 68 tools were selected. Additionally, following the application of the exclusion criteria, 18 tools were chosen for the final analysis. The tools were classified and analyzed based on various features such as type of land-use management, land use, country of application, information on carbon pools, and the number of published articles associated with each tool. Five SDSSs were found to be most suitable for policymakers seeking to implement the most effective land use and land management in order to enhance carbon sequestration.
A Comprehensive Model to Assess Sustainable Architecture in Emerged Megacities: A Closer Look at Cairo’s New Administrative Capital (NAC)
Authors: Selim Haitham , Mayhoub Mohammed , Abuzaid Abdullah
Published: June 2024

The concept of sustainable architecture plays a pivotal role in developing prosperous and environmentally friendly cities. The New Administrative Capital, as depicted in state media, incorporates many sustainable design elements. This includes the use of environmentally friendly building materials, energy-efficient infrastructure, water conservation and recycling, waste reduction, and the provision of green spaces along with efficient public transportation networks. The successful integration of these sustainable features within the NAC highlights the positive outcomes that can be achieved through sustainable urban architecture in major cities. These results not only reduce the environmental footprint but also improve the quality of life and provide economic benefits. However, to encourage the widespread adoption of sustainable urban architecture practices in major cities, further research, policy adjustments, and community engagement are essential. Therefore, this paper aims to present a framework specifically designed to evaluate sustainable initiatives within the New Administrative Capital of Cairo, focusing on its government district and examining the environmental, economic, and societal dimensions. This study will use a qualitative descriptive case study design complemented by a content analysis method.
Economic Performance, Environmental Protection and Social Progress: A Cluster Analysis Comparison towards Sustainable Development
Authors: D’Adamo Idiano , Di Carlo Cristina , Gastaldi Massimo , Rossi Edouard Nicolas , Uricchio Antonio Felice
Published: June 2024

Sustainable development monitoring reveals the extent to which local and national territories are progressing towards sustainability goals. This study considered 105 indicators associated with the Equitable and Sustainable Wellbeing (BES) framework and 139 indicators associated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and cluster analysis to compare regional performance across the Italian territory in 2022. At the SDG level, Lombardia exhibited the highest performance, while the provinces of Trento and Bolzano led at the BES level. The results were further analyzed with respect to geographic macro-areas and the three dimensions of sustainability, via separate cluster analyses comparing the BES and SDG results. Northeast regions emerged as the top performers, and comparable performance was shown by regions in the center and northwest. The development of a sustainable innovation model, alongside territorial cooperation and synergy between regional specificities, may generate competitive advantages, especially when combined with resources and skills with an international profile.
Models for the No-Observed-Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Maximal Half-Effective Concentration (EC50)
Authors: Iovine Nadia , Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A. , Roncaglioni Alessandra , Benfenati Emilio
Published: June 2024

Typical in silico models for ecotoxicology focus on a few endpoints, but there is a need to increase the diversity of these models. This study proposes models using the NOEC for the harlequin fly (Chironomus riparius) and EC50 for swollen duckweed (Lemna gibba) for the first time. The data were derived from the EFSA OpenFoodTox database. The models were based on the correlation weights of molecular features used to calculate the 2D descriptor in CORAL software. The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the correlation weights of the algorithms. The determination coefficients of the best models for the external validation set were 0.74 (NOAEC) and 0.85 (EC50).
Exploring Heavy Metal and Metalloid Exposure in Children: A Pilot Biomonitoring Study near a Sugarcane Mill
Authors: Mendoza-Cano Oliver , Lugo-Radillo Agustin , Ríos-Silva Mónica , Gonzalez-Curiel Irma Elizabeth , Bricio-Barrios Jaime Alberto , Camacho-delaCruz Arlette A. , Romo-García María Fernanda , Cuevas-Arellano Herguin Benjamín , Quintanilla-Montoya Ana Luz , Solano-Barajas Ramón , Uribe-Ramos Juan Manuel , García-Solórzano Luis A. , Hilerio-López Ángel Gabriel , Solano-Mendoza Alma Alejandra , Danis-Romero Rogelio , Murillo-Zamora Efrén
Published: June 2024

Sugarcane production has been linked to the release of heavy metals and metalloids (HM/MTs) into the environment, raising concerns about potential health risks. This study aimed to assess the levels of 19 HM/MTs in children living near a sugarcane mill through a pilot biomonitoring investigation. We investigated sex-related differences in these element levels and their correlations. A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from 20 children in the latter part of 2023. Spearman correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationships between urinary HM/MT levels. Detectable levels of 17 out of the 19 HM/MTs were found across the entire study sample, with arsenic and copper detectable in 95% of the children. Titanium exhibited higher levels in boys compared to girls (p = 0.017). We identified 56 statistically significant correlations, with 51 of them being positive, while the remaining coefficients indicated negative relationships. This study characterized HM/MT levels in school-aged children residing near a sugarcane mill through a pilot biomonitoring investigation. Further research employing larger sample sizes and longitudinal assessments would enhance our understanding of the dynamics and health impacts of HM/MT exposure in this vulnerable population.
Navigating a Microplastic Sea: How the Pacific Cupped Oyster (Magallana gigas) Respond to Microplastic Pollution in Lagoons
Authors: De Rinaldis Gianluca , Pastorino Paolo , Scirocco Tommaso , Sacchetti Claudia , Anselmi Serena , Provenza Francesca , Renzi Monia , Specchiulli Antonietta
Published: June 2024

Microplastic pollution poses an escalating concern, particularly in coastal lagoons rich in biodiversity. This study delved into the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in Magallana gigas (formerly Crassostrea gigas) from the Orbetello and Varano coastal lagoons (Italy), also investigating the response of these filter-feeding organisms to various colors (P = pink; B = blue; W = white) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MP fragments. Oysters were exposed for 7 days under controlled conditions. Subsequently, the oysters underwent analysis for both MP presence and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Diverse ingestion rates of HDPE were noted among oysters from the two lagoons, eliciting antioxidant responses and modifying baseline activity. The two-way ANOVA revealed the significant effects of treatment (control; HDPE_B; HDPE_P; HDPE_W), site, and the interaction between treatment and site on all biomarkers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed a divergent effect of HDPE color on biomarkers. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the influence of MP color, dose-dependent effects, and the long-term impacts of exposure. Comprehending these intricacies is imperative for devising effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution and safeguard marine health.
Hydroxyl Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes of Red Reactive Dyes by Ultrafine Bubbles Method
Authors: Sofia Dedeh Rosmaniar , Hanam Eko Sulistio , Sunardi Sunardi , Sumiarsa Dadan , Joni I Made
Published: June 2024

The breakdown of dyes, which are environmentally hazardous substances and notoriously difficult to degrade, presents the main treatment challenge for wastewater from textile industries. Most advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for dye degradation usually use costly decolorizing agents, whose residue from Wastewater Treatment Plants may be hazardous to the environment. The present study aimed to apply ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) for water AOPs to degrade textile dyes. Our most recent innovation, ultrafine bubbles, enables the production of reactive oxygen species recently introduced as oxidants in AOPs. First, the disc diffuser was optimized by introducing various flow rates of 1–5 L Per Minute (LPM) to generate UFBs with unique characteristics observed from Zeta Potential, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Oxidation–Reduction Potential (ORP). The air UFBs using a disc diffuser with 3 LPM were selected to degrade the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution (1000 Pt-Co). The treatment was optimized on the coagulant dosage (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 ppm) and bubbling times (0–120 min). As a result, the UFBs were successful in degrading the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution, resulting in a 45% reduction in Pt-Co color scale with a bubbling time of only 120 min and minimal coagulant dosage (0.5 ppm) compared to the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution treatment commonly using a coagulant dosage of 1.5 ppm without UFBs. Based on FTIR, XRF, and PL analysis, we propose the AOP mechanism of hydroxyl radicals for the Navacron Ruby S-3B dye solution. It is emphasized that UFB water AOPs (UFBs–WAOPs) represent a promising alternative technology for treating textile wastewater without chemicals or decolorizing agents. Thus, the UFBs-WAOPs are economical and environmentally benign textile wastewater treatment methods.
Water Use in Livestock Agri-Food Systems and Its Contribution to Local Water Scarcity: A Spatially Distributed Global Analysis
Authors: Wisser Dominik , Grogan Danielle S. , Lanzoni Lydia , Tempio Giuseppe , Cinardi Giuseppina , Prusevich Alex , Glidden Stanley
Published: June 2024

There is a growing concern about limited water supply and water scarcity in many river basins across the world. The agricultural sector is the largest user of freshwater on the planet, with a growing amount of water extracted for livestock systems. Here, we use data from the GLEAM model to advance previous studies that estimated livestock water footprints by quantifying water use for feed production, animal drinking water, and animal service water. We additionally account for the role of trade in accounting for feed water allocations to different animals in different countries and make use of a hydrologic model to estimate feed irrigation water requirements for individual crops at a high spatial resolution. Lastly, we estimate the contribution of livestock water abstractions to water stress at a small river basin scale for the entire globe. We find that feed production water accounts for the majority (>90%) of global livestock water withdrawals, though there is regional variation. Similarly, we find large regional variation in the water consumption per head by livestock species. Despite consuming >200 km3 of water per year, we find that reducing water use in the livestock system alone will rarely reduce water stress in high-stress basins. This study highlights the need for quantifying locally relevant water use and water stress metrics for individual livestock systems.
Economic Evaluation of Water Management Alternatives in the Upper Green River Basin of Wyoming
Authors: Blevins Spencer , Hansen Kristiana M. , Paige Ginger B. , MacKinnon Anne , Bastian Christopher T.
Published: June 2024

Water use efficiency measures are generally recommended to reduce water use. Yet, flood irrigation practices in high-elevation mountain valleys of the Colorado River Basin headwaters generate return flows, which support late-season streamflow and groundwater recharge. Return flows support the ecosystem and provide recreational benefits. This study provides a framework for quantifying how land-use changes and associated return flow patterns affect the economic value of water across uses in a hydrologically connected, shallow alluvial aquifer system. This study first investigates how return flow patterns could change under three alternatives to flood irrigation: an increased use of center pivots, increased residential development, and conversion to pasture. The brown trout was used as an indicator species to track eco-hydrology, return flow, and capacity for recreational activities under each alternative. Estimates from the non-market valuation literature coupled with predicted changes in brown trout productivity approximate associated changes to recreational angler value. Recreational angler values are highest under the flood irrigation alternative. The inclusion of recreational angler values with agricultural values alters the magnitude of returns but not the rankings. These results highlight the potential heterogeneity of conclusions to be drawn regarding water use efficiency, depending on the economic value of water in different uses and the degree of hydrologic connectivity. This study also highlights data gaps and modeling needs for conducting similar future analyses.
Recovery of Sb(Ⅲ) from Aqueous Solution as Cubic Sb2O3 by Fluidized-Bed Granulation Process
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Zhang Jie , Liu Jintong , Yang Quanxin , Wu Bingdang , Xu Xiaoyi , Huang Tianyin
Published: June 2024

In order to recover the antimony from wastewater, a custom-designed fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) was employed to treat antimony-containing wastewater. By single-factor experiments, the effects of the solution pH, the molar ratio of [TA]/[Sb3+], the seed size and dosage, the up-flow velocity (U), and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on antimony recovery were investigated based on the antimony removal and granulation efficiency. The optimum conditions for antimony recovery were obtained at pH 9.0, the molar ratio of [TA]/[Sb3+] of 2, 6 g/L of 13–38 μm Sb2O3 as the fluidized seed, and the U and HRT of 42 m/h and 40 min, respectively; the antimony removal and granulation efficiency reached 95% and 91%, respectively. The granular products were analyzed by an X-ray polycrystalline diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as cubic Sb2O3, widely used in various industries. The fluidized-bed reactor was operated continuously for 7 days, during which the antimony removal and granulation efficiency were stable at 96% and 93%, respectively. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the fluidized-bed granulation process for the recovery of antimony from wastewater. It provides a novel approach for retrieving and managing antimony-containing wastewater.
Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Sediments: An Integrated Land–Sea Comparative Analysis in Dingzi Bay, South Yellow Sea
Authors: Gu Xiaoyuan , Liu Yang , Yang Shixiong , Sun Jianwei , Wang Qingtong , Wang Haigen , Chen Yuhai , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

Systematic and scientific assessments on heavy metal pollution are greatly important to protecting the coastal eco-environment. In this paper, the spatial distribution, pollution degree, ecological toxicity and possible sources of eight heavy metal elements collected from the 126 marine and 715 terrestrial surface sediments surrounding Dingzi Bay were analyzed by obtaining concentration measurements. The results revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals followed a pattern: inner bay > terrestrial areas > outer bay. Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg were found to accumulate in fine particles (<0.063 mm), while As showed an association with specific particles (>0.25 mm and <0.016 mm). Spatial pollution patterns varied from non-polluted to low pollution levels overall, with localized contamination by individual elements. In addition to natural sources, four types of anthropogenic pollution were identified in the marine and terrestrial settings. Agricultural pollution, characterized by As predominance, exerted profound effects on both terrestrial and marine environments. Industrial pollution, featuring Hg dominance, was widespread in land environment and predominantly linked to atmospheric deposition. Traffic pollution, marked by elevated Pb and Cd, was concentrated around factories and densely populated areas. Maritime pollution, comprising Hg, Cr, Cd, and Zn, primarily occurred in the nearshore areas outside the bay. The findings of this study provide scientific data to the authorities in charge of sustainable coastal zone management in the South Yellow Sea.
Productive and reproductive traits of mares bred under conditions of Eastern Siberia
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Siberian Federal Scientifi c Centre of AgroBioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Chita, Bazaron B. Z. , Khamiruev T. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Siberian Federal Scientifi c Centre of AgroBioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Chita, Dashinimaev S. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Siberian Federal Scientifi c Centre of AgroBioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Russia, Chita, Mongush B. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Tuvan State University», Russia, Kyzyl, Mongush S. S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Tuvan State University», Russia, Kyzyl, Kostomakhin N. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”, Russia, Moscow
Published: June 2024

Herd horse breeding is a promising branch of productive livestock farming in Russia. On the territory of the Siberian-Far Eastern region, several breeds of horses of local importance have long been bred, perfectly adapted to the conditions of their breeding zone and in particular Transbaikal, Tuvan and Buryat breeds. The Trans-Baikal Territory is in fourth place in terms of the number of horses in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tyva is in fi fth place, and the Republic of Buryatia is in seventh place. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comparative assessment of some productive and reproductive traits of mares of different breeds of local importance under the conditions of Eastern Siberia. The results of a study of productive, conformation and constitutional features and reproductive traits of mares of these breeds have been presented in the article. It has been established that mares of Transbaikal and Buryat breeds have an advantage in live weight over Tuvan mares by 5,0 % (p < 0,001). Assessment of the morphometric features of the conformation indicates that the best indicators are mares of the Transbaikal breed, which are signifi cantly superior to mares of Tuvan breed in all assessed measurements (p < 0,01–0,001), and superior to mares of Buryat breed in oblique length of the body and chest girth (p < 0,001). According to body indices, mares of the evaluated breeds are characterized as animals with expressed meat forms and according to their values are closer to heavy breeds. It was found when assessing reproductive trait that mares of the compared breeds are characterized by high reproduction rates. For example, the percentage of foals varies between 93–95 %, the yield of foals per 100 mares is 93–95 %. Consequently, horses of local breeds bred under the conditions of Eastern Siberia are distinguished by fairly high productivity indicators, and in terms of reproductive traits they are characterized by high reproductive ability under conditions of year-round grazing.
Factors determining occupational injuries on vehicles in agriculture
Authors:   Orel, Russia, Zagorodnih A. , Kopylov S. ,   Orel, Russia
Published: June 2024

The absence of an alarm on the brake lights, about the braking of the vehicle by the engine, becomes one of the most significant factors in a traffic accident, and therefore the danger of injury to drivers. All this requires solving the problem of fi xing the moment of the start of braking with higher accuracy.