bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health resources and its equity in Central South of China: A case study of Hunan Province
Authors: Luo Bang-An , Li Sheng , Chen Si , Qin Lu-Lu , Chen Yi-Wei , Shu Man-Ling , Liao Xin-Yi
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Mental health resources are an important basis for coping with mental health services. The equity is an important index of a reasonable allocation of health resources. This study aims to evaluate the mental health resources and its equity allocation in Hunan Province, which is one of the typical central south areas of China, so as to provide reference for the development of mental health in China and other areas.

Methods

Data related to mental health resources was obtained from the Project of Mental Health Resources in Hunan Province, which was conducted by the Department of Hunan Mental Health Center in 2019. The Gini coefficient, the Theil index and other indicators were employed to quantitatively evaluate the equity of mental health resources’ allocation.

Results

By the end of 2018, there were a total of 141 mental health institutions in Hunan Province of China, the bed density was 5.31 beds per 10,000 people, the ratio of doctors to nurses was 2.20, the number of outpatients of mental health institutions was 1288,047 per year. The mental health resources’ allocation in terms of demographic dimension were in a preferred status with the Gini values all less than 0.3, and the Gini values for mental health resources`allocation in terms of geographical dimension ranged from 0.24 to 0.35. The Theil index for mental health allocation in terms of demographic dimension was lower than 0.05, and the Theil index for mental health allocation in terms of geographical dimension ranged from 0.04 to 0.11.

Conclusions

The shortage of mental health resources is still the priority issue to be increased and optimized by policy-makers in Hunan in the future, especially the human resources. Moreover, the utilization of mental health resources was low though its equity was fair. Policy-makers need to consider the high utilization and geographical accessibility of health resources among different regions to ensure people in different regions could get access to available health services.
Genomic characterization of Francisella tularensis and other diverse Francisella species from complex samples
Authors: Wagner David M. , Birdsell Dawn N. , McDonough Ryelan F. , Nottingham Roxanne , Kocos Karisma , Celona Kimberly , Özsürekci Yasemin , Öhrman Caroline , Karlsson Linda , Myrtennäs Kerstin , Sjödin Andreas , Johansson Anders , Keim Paul S. , Forsman Mats , Sahl Jason W.
Published: October 2022

Francisella tularensis, the bacterium that causes the zoonosis tularemia, and its genetic near neighbor species, can be difficult or impossible to cultivate from complex samples. Thus, there is a lack of genomic information for these species that has, among other things, limited the development of robust detection assays for F. tularensis that are both specific and sensitive. The objective of this study was to develop and validate approaches to capture, enrich, sequence, and analyze Francisella DNA present in DNA extracts generated from complex samples. RNA capture probes were designed based upon the known pan genome of F. tularensis and other diverse species in the family Francisellaceae. Probes that targeted genomic regions also present in non-Francisellaceae species were excluded, and probes specific to particular Francisella species or phylogenetic clades were identified. The capture-enrichment system was then applied to diverse, complex DNA extracts containing low-level Francisella DNA, including human clinical tularemia samples, environmental samples (i.e., animal tissue and air filters), and whole ticks/tick cell lines, which was followed by sequencing of the enriched samples. Analysis of the resulting data facilitated rigorous and unambiguous confirmation of the detection of F. tularensis or other Francisella species in complex samples, identification of mixtures of different Francisella species in the same sample, analysis of gene content (e.g., known virulence and antimicrobial resistance loci), and high-resolution whole genome-based genotyping. The benefits of this capture-enrichment system include: even very low target DNA can be amplified; it is culture-independent, reducing exposure for research and/or clinical personnel and allowing genomic information to be obtained from samples that do not yield isolates; and the resulting comprehensive data not only provide robust means to confirm the presence of a target species in a sample, but also can provide data useful for source attribution, which is important from a genomic epidemiology perspective.
Working in the digital economy: A systematic review of the impact of work from home arrangements on personal and organizational performance and productivity
Authors: Hackney Amy , Yung Marcus , Somasundram Kumara G. , Nowrouzi-Kia Behdin , Oakman Jodi , Yazdani Amin
Published: October 2022

Work-from-home has become an increasingly adopted practice globally. Given the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, such arrangements have risen substantially in a short timeframe. Work-from-home has been associated with several physical and mental health outcomes. This relationship has been supported by previous research; however, these health and safety issues often receive little resources and attention from business perspectives compared to organizational and worker performance and productivity. Therefore, aligning work-from-home practices with business goals may help catalyze awareness from decision makers and serve to effectively implement work-from-home policies. We conducted a review to synthesize current knowledge on the impact of work-from-home arrangements on personal and organizational performance and productivity. Four large databases including Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Business Source Complete were systematically searched. Through a two-step screening process, we selected and extracted data from 37 relevant articles. Key search terms surrounded two core concepts: work-from-home and productivity/performance. Of the articles published prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 79% (n = 19) demonstrated that work-from-home increased productivity and performance whereas 21% (n = 5) showed mixed or no effects. Of the articles published during the pandemic, 23% (n = 3) showed positive effects, 38% (n = 5) revealed mixed results, and 38% (n = 5) showed negative effects. Findings suggest that non-mandatory work-from-home arrangements can have positive impacts on productivity and performance. When work-from-home becomes mandatory and full-time, or external factors (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic) are at play, the overall impacts are less positive and can be detrimental to productivity and performance. Results will help foster an understanding of the impact of work-from-home on productivity and performance and inform the development of organizational strategies to create an effective, resilient, and inclusive work-from-home workplace by helping to effectively implement work-from-home policies that are aligned with business goals.
Automatic multi-anatomical skull structure segmentation of cone-beam computed tomography scans using 3D UNETR
Authors: Gillot Maxime , Baquero Baptiste , Le Celia , Deleat-Besson Romain , Bianchi Jonas , Ruellas Antonio , Gurgel Marcela , Yatabe Marilia , Al Turkestani Najla , Najarian Kayvan , Soroushmehr Reza , Pieper Steve , Kikinis Ron , Paniagua Beatriz , Gryak Jonathan , Ioshida Marcos , Massaro Camila , Gomes Liliane , Oh Heesoo , Evangelista Karine , Chaves Junior Cauby Maia , Garib Daniela , Costa Fábio , Benavides Erika , Soki Fabiana , Fillion-Robin Jean-Christophe , Joshi Hina , Cevidanes Lucia , Prieto Juan Carlos
Published: October 2022

The segmentation of medical and dental images is a fundamental step in automated clinical decision support systems. It supports the entire clinical workflow from diagnosis, therapy planning, intervention, and follow-up. In this paper, we propose a novel tool to accurately process a full-face segmentation in about 5 minutes that would otherwise require an average of 7h of manual work by experienced clinicians. This work focuses on the integration of the state-of-the-art UNEt TRansformers (UNETR) of the Medical Open Network for Artificial Intelligence (MONAI) framework. We trained and tested our models using 618 de-identified Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) volumetric images of the head acquired with several parameters from different centers for a generalized clinical application. Our results on a 5-fold cross-validation showed high accuracy and robustness with a Dice score up to 0.962±0.02. Our code is available on ourpublic GitHub repository.
Exploring the influence of competition on arbovirus invasion risk in communities
Authors: Dimas Martins Afonso , ten Bosch Quirine , Heesterbeek J. A. P.
Published: October 2022

Arbovirus outbreaks in communities are affected by how vectors, hosts and non-competent species interact. In this study, we investigate how ecological interactions between species and epidemiological processes influence the invasion potential of a vector-borne disease. We use an eco-epidemiological model to explore the basic reproduction number R0 for a range of interaction strengths in key processes, using West Nile virus infection to parameterize the model. We focus our analysis on intra and interspecific competition between vectors and between hosts, as well as competition with non-competent species. We show that such ecological competition has non-linear effects on R0 and can greatly impact invasion risk. The presence of multiple competing vector species results in lower values for R0 while host competition leads to the highest values of risk of disease invasion. These effects can be understood in terms of how the competitive pressures influence the vector-to-host ratio, which has a positive relationship with R0. We also show numerical examples of how vector feeding preferences become more relevant in high competition conditions between hosts. Under certain conditions, non-competent hosts, which can lead to a dilution effect for the pathogen, can have an amplification effect if they compete strongly with the competent hosts, hence facilitating pathogen invasion in the community.
Catching and throwing exercises to improve reactive balance: A randomized controlled trial protocol for the comparison of aquatic and dry-land exercise environments
Authors: Kim Youngwook , Bolton David A. E. , Vakula Michael N. , Bressel Eadric
Published: October 2022

Reactive balance, a critical automatic movement pattern in response to a perturbation, is directly linked to fall prevention in older adults. Various exercise interventions have been broadly performed to improve reactive balance and thus prevent falls. Curiously, aquatic exercises have been suggested as an effective balance intervention and a safer alternative to exercises on dry land yet the efficacy of aquatic exercises on reactive balance has not been formally investigated. The present clinical trial aims to identify if skills acquired during aquatic exercise are more effectively transferred to a reactive balance task than land exercise. This study is designed as a double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty-four older adults aged 65 years or above who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited and randomized into an aquatic exercise group or land exercise group. Each group will participate in the same single bout intervention that includes a ball throwing and catching task. A modified lean-and-release test will be implemented on land immediately before, after, and one week after the single bout intervention. The outcomes will include reaction time, rapid response accuracy, and mini-BESTest scores obtained from stepping and grasping reactions. All statistical analyses will be conducted using an intention-to-treat approach. Our conceptual hypothesis is that participants in the aquatic exercise group will demonstrate more improved outcome scores in the lean-and-release test when compared to those in the land exercise group. The results of the present study are expected to provide evidence to support the benefits of aquatic exercises for improving reactive balance in older adults. Further, participants may find aquatic exercises safer and more motivating, thus encouraging them to participate in further aquatic exercise programs.
Inhibitors of ApiAP2 protein DNA binding exhibit multistage activity against Plasmodium parasites
Authors: Russell Timothy James , De Silva Erandi K. , Crowley Valerie M. , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Dube Namita , Josling Gabrielle , Pasaje Charisse Flerida A. , Kouskoumvekaki Irene , Panagiotou Gianni , Niles Jacquin C. , Jacobs-Lorena Marcelo , Denise Okafor C. , Gamo Francisco-Javier , Llinás Manuel
Published: October 2022

Plasmodiumparasites are reliant on the Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) transcription factor family to regulate gene expression programs. AP2 DNA binding domains have no homologs in the human or mosquito host genomes, making them potential antimalarial drug targets. Using anin-silicoscreen to dock thousands of small molecules into the crystal structure of the AP2-EXP (Pf3D7_1466400) AP2 domain (PDB:3IGM), we identified putative AP2-EXP interacting compounds. Four compounds were found to block DNA binding by AP2-EXP and at least one additional ApiAP2 protein. Our top ApiAP2 competitor compound perturbs the transcriptome ofP.falciparumtrophozoites and results in a decrease in abundance of log2fold change > 2 for 50% (46/93) of AP2-EXP target genes. Additionally, two ApiAP2 competitor compounds have multi-stage anti-Plasmodiumactivity against blood and mosquito stage parasites. In summary, we describe a novel set of antimalarial compounds that interact with AP2 DNA binding domains. These compounds may be used for future chemical genetic interrogation of ApiAP2 proteins or serve as starting points for a new class of antimalarial therapeutics.
Potential of Himalayan Medicinal Plants in Advancing Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Khan Shaista , Masoodi Dr. T. H. , Islam Dr. M. A. , Pala Dr. N. A. , Raja Azeem
Published: October 2022

•Shortage of donor tissues and organs has been recognized as one of the major challenges to public health care. Moreover, the total cost incurred in terms of caring for the patients with failing organs and devitalizing diseases is exorbitant.

•In contrast, natural products extracted from plants primarily medicinal plants do not have such shortcomings.

•Temperate forests of Kashmir Himalayas are endowed with a rich diversity of 82 medicinal plants utilized to cure various diseases.

•Although, these plants have been reported to have value in burn, wound, fracture healing, ageing therapeutics and medications, it therefore could be useful in regenerative medicine and could also generate biomedical markets.
adaptação de crianças diante do divórcio dos pais
Authors: Monteiro Böer Fernanda , Sanches Mazzorana Ribeiro Rosangela Katia , Roama Alves Rauni Jandé
Published: October 2022

O divórcio acarreta muitas mudanças na vida dos filhos. Diante do aumento nos casos de rupturas conjugais e o consequente surgimento de novas organizações familiares, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento da literatura científica nacional e internacional sobre a adaptação de crianças/filhos ao divórcio dos pais. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos publicados no período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2018, nas bases de dados PsycINFO, Scielo e PubMed. A amostra foi constituída por 63 artigos. Os resultados sugeriram considerável literatura existente em torno do tema, sendo constatada maior produção científica em 2015 a 2018, principalmente dos Estados Unidos da América e de países europeus, o que pode sugerir uma crescente preocupação por parte dos pesquisadores sobre esta temática. Os achados reportam algumas consequências como ansiedade, menor qualidade de vida e dificuldade de aprendizagem decorrente do divórcio parental. São evidenciados inúmeros fatores de risco associados à dissolução conjugal e ao desenvolvimento infantil como a guarda unilateral, o afastamento de um dos pais, o conflito interparental, entre outros. No entanto, também são identificados os fatores de proteção como os cuidados parentais adequados, a cooperação entre os ex-cônjuges e a qualidade das relações familiares que podem moderar ou minimizar eventuais efeitos negativos provenientes da ruptura conjugal nos filhos. Concluiu-se que as consequências negativas advindas da dissolução conjugal não são resultantes, única e exclusivamente, da configuração familiar na qual a criança está inserida, mas sim de uma ampla variedade de fatores.
Diagnosis and Management of Drug-Induced Liver Injury After the Use of Polygonum multiflorum
Authors: Zahir Ali , Li Michael , Gill Ryan M. , Brandman Danielle
Published: October 2022

Polygonum multiflorum, a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family, is widely used in alternative medicine. However, a growing body of literature has implicated P. multiflorum as a cause of drug-induced liver injury. We report a case of successful treatment of a drug-induced liver injury after consumption of an herbal tea containing P. multiflorum.
Analyzing Multicltural Education Policy in Multicultural Students Concentrated Areas: Focusing on S Office of Education
Authors: Chang Insil , Woo Rami
Published: October 2022

Recently, the rapid increase of multicultural students is more pronounced in some regions. In order to support the schools of these areas, multicultural education policies are being implemented at the education support office level. In this study, multicultural education policies in areas with a high concentration of multicultural students were analyzed by focusing on the case of the S Education Support Office. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of each period, the significance and limitations to suggest implications for multicultural education policy in Korea. To analyze policy, we developed a theoretical framework for objects, purposes, and methods of multicultural education based on literature review. As a result, there was a change from the assimilationist approach to the cultural pluralistic and the multiculturalist approach. In particular, over the last two years(2020-2021), there were many programs focused on multicultural students to support their school adaptation and Korean language learning, and to help them understand other cultures, improve interpersonal relationships, and form a positive self-identity. Multicultural education was conducted on the individual, school, and community level. Based on these results, we suggest the multicultural education policy in Korea provide a customized program for multicultural students, developing high-quality programs for students and teachers. It is also necessary to foster them as agent of social reform. Finally, it is important not only to depend on the individual but also to take a community approach.
Ballistic Studies of the Rotational Motion of the Artillery Projectile into Account the Equatorial Damping Moment
Authors: Shyiko Oleksandr M. , Оbukhov Olexii A.
Published: October 2022

The problem of calculating the equatorial damping moment during trajectory flight is an actual problem inballistic studies of the rotational motion of artillery projectiles. The practice of ballistic research needs short algorithmsthat make it possible to calculate the damping moment together with the calculations of the trajectory parametersunder conditions of continuously changing characteristics of the oncoming flow. In this regard, a simplified methodfor calculating the equatorial damping moment of artillery projectiles in the oncoming flow is proposed, based onthe differentiation of the dependence for the overturning aerodynamic moment by the angle of attack and the Machnumber of the oncoming flow. Calculations of the parameters of the rotational motion of the 155-mm artilleryprojectile on the flight trajectory have been carried out. The influence of the equatorial damping moment on theperiodic components of the angular displacements of the projectile is revealed. The results of ballistic calculationswith the loss of stability of the rotational motion of the projectile showed the destabilizing effect of the equatorialdamping moment on the boundary parameters in terms of stability in the case of opposite directions of rotation ofthe projectile and crosswind.
Prediction of Initial and Striking Velocity of Primary Fragments from Cased Spherical Explosive inside Steel Cubical Structure
Authors: Srinivas Joshi Prahlad , Panigrahi S.K.
Published: October 2022

Usually, energy generated from an explosive’s detonation is transferred partly in the form of the blast impulse and some in the form of the kinetic energy of casing fragments. When detonation occurs in an explosive casing, it breaks the casing into fragments of different weights with varying velocities. The extent of destruction by these energized fragments depends upon the initial velocity they gain after an explosion. The momentum gained by the fragments decides the capability to perforate a barrier or propagate an explosion. A three-dimensional non-linear FEA method is used to model a box-shaped steel structure. This box-shaped structure is subjected to an internal cased explosion for estimating the initial and striking velocities of primary fragments. The effect of varying charge weight and the effect of the sacrificial wall on the initial and striking velocity of fragments via numerical simulations are also carried out. The initial and striking velocity values obtained through simulation are compared with the design guidelines of the code-based approach, and a good agreement is reported.
Metodología para obtención y análisis de datos inmobiliarios usando fuentes alternativas: estudio de caso en tres ciudades intermedias de Colombia
Authors: Rosso Mateús Andrés Enrique , Montilla Montilla Yeimy Maryuri , Garzón Martínez Sonia Constanza
Published: October 2022

Contexto: La política pública de Catastro Multipropósito necesita consolidar información inmobiliaria de diferentes fuentes para su análisis, tales como ofertas, transacciones y costos de construcción, entre otros. Las páginas web inmobiliarias forman parte de estas fuentes de información, aunque no han sido incluidas en el análisis comercial. Considerando lo anterior, es necesario revisar una metodología que permita acceder de forma óptima a estas plataformas web y facilite el análisis de las variables que allí se proveen, que son determinantes para el valor comercial de un inmueble. Se realiza un caso de estudio en tres ciudades colombianas: Fusagasugá, Manizales y Villavicencio.
Método: El método se desarrolla en dos etapas (i) web scraping, que permite obtener los enlaces de la información de páginas web inmobiliarias y descargar sus datos, y (ii) el análisis de datos inmobiliarios mediante el desarrollo de un flujo de trabajo que inicia con la exploración y la limpieza de los datos, continúa con el pre-modelado y finaliza con el modelado de las variables de interés en la determinación del valor de los bienes inmuebles usando técnicas de machine learning.
Resultados: A partir de la aplicación de técnicas de machine learning, fue posible automatizar la recolección, la limpieza, el almacenamiento y el análisis de datos inmobiliarios provenientes de plataformas web, así como delinear dos modelos (Ridge Regression y Random Forest) que, de acuerdo, con su error porcentual medio absoluto (0,34 y 0,35 respectivamente), permiten predecir el valor comercial de un inmueble considerando variables explicativas internas y externas.
Conclusiones: Obtener y analizar los datos inmobiliarios de fuentes alternativas como las plataformas web a través de desarrollos tecnológicos contribuye significativamente a atender la alta demanda de información del catastro del país. No obstante, es necesario ampliar el suministro de esta información a los ámbitos rurales, que cuentan con menos acceso y disponibilidad de la misma.
Generación y composición de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en Honduras durante la pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Requena Sánchez Norvin , Carbonel Ramos Dalia , Romero Centeno Rómulo
Published: October 2022

Contexto: La gestión de residuos sólidos durante la pandemia del Covid-19 ha ocasionado efectos ambientales que no han sido lo suficientemente estudiados, especialmente en las ciudades de América Latina. En este estudio se presenta una caracterización de residuos en Honduras durante la cuarentena por Covid-19, utilizando una metodología innovadora que permite recolectar información sin necesidad de realizar trabajo de campo.
Método: El estudio se implementó en tres fases (registro de datos, capacitación y generación de información). Todas las actividades se realizaron con apoyo de herramientas virtuales como formularios y llamadas grupales. Los participantes recibieron cuatro sesiones de capacitación y caracterizaron sus residuos durante siete días.
Resultados: La generación per cápita fue de 0,475 kg/hab/día a nivel nacional y 0,549 kg/hab/día en el Distrito Central. Se observa un aumento en la proporción de residuos inorgánicos no aprovechables y una disminución de residuos orgánicos y aprovechables. Semanalmente se estima que cada vivienda genera 3,7 mascarillas a nivel nacional y 4 mascarillas en el Distrito Central.
Conclusiones: La generación per cápita de residuos domiciliarios disminuyó durante la cuarentena, lo cual puede deberse a una menor capacidad de adquisición de las familias por la reducción en las actividades económicas. Se registra la aparición de un nuevo residuo: las mascarillas y guantes descartables.
A Possible Classification for Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in Engineering and Science
Authors: Montoya Oscar Danilo , Molina-Cabrera Alexander , Gil-González Walter
Published: October 2022

A Possible Classification for Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms in Engineering and Science
Anterior and Posterior Pulmonary Cusp Augmentation in the Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Tasoglu Irfan , Turkcan Basak Soran , Tumer Naim Boran , Atalay Atakan , Eris Deniz
Published: October 2022

Background

In this retrospective study, we compared the results from 2 pulmonary valve augmentation techniques in patients undergoing surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2018, 18 patients had anterior pulmonary valve repair at our institution, and 26 patients had both anterior and posterior pulmonary valve repair.

Results

Patients ranged from 6 months to 30 years of age. The median follow-up period was 8 months in the anterior augmentation group and 5 months in the anterior and posterior augmentation group. Postoperative echocardiograms indicated that only 2 patients (11%) in the anterior augmentation group had moderate or severe pulmonary insufficiency, compared with no patients in the anterior and posterior augmentation group. At follow-up, pulmonary insufficiency was seen in 3 patients (17%) in the anterior augmentation group and no patients in the anterior and posterior augmentation group.

Conclusion

Reconstruction of the native pulmonary valve accompanied by pulmonary cusp augmentation can decrease or even circumvent postoperative pulmonary insufficiency. Both anterior augmentation and anterior and posterior augmentation techniques are easily applied; however, we believe that the anterior and posterior augmentation technique is superior in terms of early postoperative and follow-up pulmonary insufficiency outcomes.
Repair of Congenital Right Atrial Aneurysm Associated With Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in a 5-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Movsesyan Ruben , Termosesov Sergey , Alexi-Meskishvili Vladimir , Chigikov Gennady , Antsygin Nikolay
Published: October 2022

This report describes our experience with a 5-year-old girl who had an extremely rare presentation of a right atrial aneurysm and associated Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Before being referred to our department, she underwent an ineffective radiofrequency ablation for repeated episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that were causing dizziness, palpitations, and chest discomfort. We resected the aneurysm with good results; she was doing well and was in normal sinus rhythm at the time of her 1-year follow-up visit.
Association Between Ischemic Stroke and Left Atrial Appendage Morphology in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Low CHA2DS2-VASc Scores
Authors: Huang Kan , Wen Haitao , Liu Canjun
Published: October 2022

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation are at risk for ischemic stroke, even with low CHA2DS2-VASc scores. The left atrial appendage is a known site of thrombus formation in individuals with atrial fibrillation.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study, enrolling patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 0 or 1. Patients were divided into groups based on left atrial appendage morphology (determined by computed tomography): the “chicken wing” group and the non–chicken wing group. We followed patients for more than 1 year to observe the incidence of stroke.

Results

Of 509 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.9 (11.6) years; 332 (65.2%) were men. The chicken wing group had fewer left atrial appendage lobes, a lower left atrial appendage depth, and a smaller left atrial appendage orifice area (all P < .001). During the follow-up period, 5 of the 133 patients (3.8%) in the chicken wing group and 56 of the 376 patients (14.9%) in the non–chicken wing group experienced ischemic stroke (P < .001). The following findings were significantly associated with the incidence of stroke: left atrial appendage depth (hazard ratio [HR], 1.98; 95% CI, 1.67-3.12; P = .03), left atrial appendage orifice area (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.59–3.13; P < .001), and non–chicken wing left atrial appendage morphology (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23; P < .001).

Conclusion

For patients with atrial fibrillation and a low CHA2DS2-VASc score, the non–chicken wing left atrial appendage morphology type is independently associated with ischemic stroke.
Impact of Active and Historical Cancers on the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicating Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Patlolla Sri Harsha , Bhat Anusha G. , Sundaragiri Pranathi R. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Doshi Rajkumar P. , Siddappa Malleshappa Sudeep K. , Pasupula Deepak K. , Jaber Wissam A. , Nicholson William J. , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra
Published: October 2022

Background

There are limited data on the outcomes of acute myocardial infarction–cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) in patients with concomitant cancer.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of adult AMI-CS admissions was identified from the National Inpatient Sample (2000–2017) and stratified by active cancer, historical cancer, and no cancer. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, use of coronary angiography, use of percutaneous coronary intervention, do-not-resuscitate status, palliative care use, hospitalization costs, and hospital length of stay.

Results

Of the 557,974 AMI-CS admissions during this 18-year period, active and historical cancers were noted in 14,826 (2.6%) and 27,073 (4.8%), respectively. From 2000 to 2017, there was a decline in active cancers (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.63–0.79]; P < .001) and an increase in historical cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.89–2.25]; P < .001). Compared with patients with no cancer, patients with active and historical cancer received less-frequent coronary angiography (57%, 67%, and 70%, respectively) and percutaneous coronary intervention (40%, 47%, and 49%%, respectively) and had higher do-not-resuscitate status (13%, 15%, 7%%, respectively) and palliative care use (12%, 10%, 6%%, respectively) (P < .001). Compared with those without cancer, higher in-hospital mortality was found in admissions with active cancer (45.9% vs 37.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.24–1.34]; P < .001) but not historical cancer (40.1% vs 37.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.98–1.04]; P = .39). AMI-CS admissions with cancer had a shorter hospitalization duration and lower costs (all P < .001).

Conclusion

Concomitant cancer was associated with less use of guideline-directed procedures. Active, but not historical, cancer was associated with higher mortality in patients with AMI-CS.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF A HYBRID WIND-SOLAR STATION FOR POWER SUPPLY OF OWN NEEDS
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Mitrofanov S.V. , Perepelkin K.A.
Published: October 2022

The article presents mathematical modeling of a hybrid power plant (GEU) operating on renewable energy sources. The GEU includes a wind module, a solar module, and an electric power storage system. It is supposed to use the GEU for power supply of the botanical garden's own needs, the principle of operation of the station is described. The analysis of monthly data of average insolation and average values of wind speed in the Orenburg region is carried out. The real schedule of loads of the botanical garden is used for calculations. The analysis is based on data on solar insolation and wind speed over the past 20 years. It is revealed that the greatest generation of solar electricity during the year occurs in the period from June to July, and the greatest generation of wind electricity during the year occurs in the period from January to March. The total generation makes it possible to provide the botanical garden's own needs with electricity in any month except October and November. The excess electricity generated in the summer can be used for the production of hydrogen, which is used as fuel for a hydrogen fuel cell or its storage in storage devices.
ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF ONE-WAY MAGNETIC ATTRACTION FORCES ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE BEARING UNIT OF A SWITCHED RELUCTANCE ELECTRIC MACHINE
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University, Rostov-on-Don, Miroshnichenko E.E.
Published: October 2022

The object of the study is a switched reluctance electric machine with an uneven air gap. The main objective of the research is to assess the influence of the forces of one-way magnetic attraction on the reliability of the bearing unit for different variants of the rotor location. This article takes into account the mutual influence of the forces of one-way magnetic attraction and the imbalance forces. The finite element method was used to calculate the magnetic field. The study examined a switched reluctance machine in which the rotation axis is aligned with the symmetry axis of the stator or offset together with the symmetry axis of the rotor. The values obtained were those of a resulting force of one-way magnetic at-traction which substantially exceed permissible values. The study proposes an algorithm for calculating the characteristics of a valve-inductor electric machine, taking into account the tolerances for the manufacture of its structural elements. The algorithm allows for the requirements for the bearings used to be adjusted. This then ensures the required level of reliabil-ity of the switched reluctance electric machine, and predicts the level of vibration and noise.
Hare or Hedgehog? The Role of Law in Shaping Current Technological Trends in the Securities Post-trading System
Authors: Droll Thomas , Minto Andrea
Published: October 2022

This article examines current technological trends in the securities post-trading system and the role of law in shaping these developments. Against this backdrop, we analyse (i) recent initiatives that aim at technologically improving the traditional post-trade system, (ii) projects that aim at enhancing the efficiency of post-trade processes related to traditional securities by using distributed ledger technology and (iii) post-trade issues related to the rise of crypto-assets and decentralised finance. We argue that the current role of law in shaping these technological trends is different in these three contexts. Regarding crypto-assets, the law can be likened to the hare in the Brother Grimms’ well-known fairy tale: It struggles in vain to keep up with developers in the crypto-asset system (who represent the hedgehog in the fairy tale). With regard to projects that aim at bringing distributed ledger technology to the post-trading of traditional securities, the roles are, in our view, reversed – the law plays the role of the hedgehog that, maybe unfairly, prevents the innovators (the hare) from succeeding. Finally, as regards two important technological trends in the traditional post-trading system that we analyse in this article different relationships emerge: In one case, the law (as hedgehog) “coaches” the industry (as hare) in its quest to implement technological improvements. In the other case, the law (as hedgehog) needs to prod the industry (the hare) into relevant action.
S1P promotes corneal trigeminal neuron differentiation and corneal nerve repair via upregulating nerve growth factor expression in a mouse model
Authors: Lin Chaoqun , Li Weina , Fan Xuezheng
Published: October 2022

Corneal disease was the most critical cause of vision loss. This study aimed to research a new method and provide a theoretical basis for treating corneal injury. A mice corneal epithelial injury model was constructed by the method of mechanical curettage. Models were treated with sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and si-Spns2. An immunofluorescence assay was used to detect βIII-tubulin. The expressions of neurotrophic factor, S1P transporter, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was processed to detect the effect of SIP on corneal repair in mice. si-Spns2 inhibited the effect of S1P. S1P significantly repaired the corneal injury, while si-Spns2 treatment made it more severe. Moreover, S1P could significantly increase the levels of NGF, BDNF, GDNF, Spns2, and p-ERK1/2. si-Spns2 inhibits the effect of S1P in the expression of these proteins. S1P significantly increased axonal differentiation of trigeminal ganglion neurons, which was inhibited after si-Spns2 treatment. S1P promoted corneal trigeminal neuron differentiation and corneal nerve repair via upregulating nerve growth factor expression in a mouse model. Treatment of corneal injury by S1P may be an effective approach.
Investigation of mechanical activation effect on high-volume natural pozzolanic cements
Authors: Korkmaz Abdul Vahap , Kayıran Huseyin Fırat
Published: October 2022

Mechanical activation is one of the most preferred methods to increase the reactivity of mineral, mining, and industrial wastes or materials with low pozzolanic content in cement production. The mechanical activation process of such materials takes a long time and requires high grinding energy. Although it seems like an advantage to using the materials in cement production by gaining reactivity thanks to mechanical activation, mechanical activation is a long duration and expensive process, causing an increase in cement production costs. In this study, a hybrid method is proposed for the mechanical activation of materials in a shorter duration and with lower energy consumption. A roller press and a hammer grinder were integrated before the laboratory type ball mill to realize the mechanical activation processes. To perform the mechanical activation processes in this way, two different hybrid grinding methods were tested and compared. Both methods activated volcanic tuff samples with low pozzolanic properties were investigated particle microstructures, energy consumption differences, mechanical activation durations and their effects on the cement performance, and mortar microstructures. The hybrid grinding method integrated with roller press and ball mill was determined to be the best mechanical activation method.
A contribution for the study of RTM effect in height anomalies at two future IHRS stations in Brazil using different approaches, harmonic correction, and global density model
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago Lima
Published: October 2022

The high-frequency effects of the gravity field can be obtained from residual terrain modeling (RTM) technique. However, for the International height reference system (IHRS), this is an open problem. Over the last decades, various approaches have been proposed for the practical solution of Newton’s Integral, such as point-mass, tesseroid, prism, and polyhedron. Harmonic correction (HC) and the use of more realistic mass density values have also been studied. In this work, in order to calculate RTM height anomalies at BRAZ and PPTE IHRS future stations in Brazil, such approaches and issues have been evaluated. Density values have been obtained from CRUST 1.0 global model. For the HC, the traditional mass condensation technique and Poisson’s equation have been used. The resulting values proposed by different approaches are very close to each other, with differences at the submillimeter-level. The RTM height anomaly values reached 1.5 and 1.4 mm at the BRAZ and PPTE stations, respectively. HC at BRAZ station can be disregarded without prejudice since its order of magnitude was 10−5 m. The use of CRUST 1.0 density values has proposed slight improvements of 0.8 and 0. 4 mm at BRAZ and PPTE station, respectively, in relation to the use of Harkness constant density value.
Online data collection to address language sampling bias: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Garcia Rowena , Roeser Jens , Kidd Evan
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has massively limited how linguists can collect data, and out of necessity, researchers across several disciplines have moved data collection online. Here we argue that the rising popularity of remote web-based experiments also provides an opportunity for widening the context of linguistic research by facilitating data collection from understudied populations. We discuss collecting production data from adult native speakers of Tagalog using an unsupervised web-based experiment. Compared to equivalent lab experiments, data collection went quicker, and the sample was more diverse, without compromising data quality. However, there were also technical and human issues that come with this method. We discuss these challenges and provide suggestions on how to overcome them.
A numerical solution of problem for essentially loaded differential equations with an integro-multipoint condition
Authors: Kadirbayeva Zhazira M. , Kabdrakhova Symbat S.
Published: October 2022

We study a linear boundary value problem for systems of essentially loaded differential equations with an integro-multipoint condition. We make use of the numerical implementation of the Dzhumabaev parametrization method to obtain the desired result, which is well supported by two numerical examples.
Migration: Konfessionelle und interkulturelle Dynamiken
Authors: Kahl Werner
Published: October 2022

Der Artikel beschreibt einige typische Dynamiken, die sich in der interkulturellen Begegnung zwischen Migrationskirchen und landeskirchlichen Gemeinden in Deutschland ergeben. Diesbezügliche Entwicklungen lassen sich vermehrt aufgrund globaler Migrationsbewegungen, die auch die Bevölkerungs- und Religionsstruktur Deutschlands nachhaltig betreffen, seit etwa drei Jahrzehnten beobachten. Der Beitrag beschränkt sich auf die Gestaltung des Zusammenwirkens mit pfingst-charismatischen Migrationskirchen westafrikanischer Leitung und Mitgliedschaft. Nach einer Beschreibung und Reflexion ausgewählter Irritationen in der Begegnung weist er anhand des Hamburger Gospelgottesdienstes Möglichkeiten eines produktiven kirchlichen Agierens auf, dem auch eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Relevanz innewohnt. Evangelische Kirche – ähnliches wird für die Römisch-katholische Kirche veranschlagt – wird in der Migrationsgesellschaft nicht um eine transkulturelle Neuformierung herumkommen.
Worn Surface Analysis and Wear Map Mechanism of AA4032 Composites
Authors: Thangarajan Sivasankaran Senthilkumar , Shanmugakani Senthil Kumar , Vijayakumar Vignesh Kumar , Subbiah Rathinavel , Lakshmanan Selvarajan , Nagaraj Nagaprasad
Published: October 2022

The present research work exhibits the effect of reinforcement particles on the mechanical and wear properties of AA4032 hybrid and unhybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs). The unhybrid MMCs were prepared by incorporating titanium carbide (TiC) particles onto the AA4032, whereas the hybrid MMCs were prepared by the addition of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles to unhybrid AA4032-TiC composite. The tribological study conducted on the composites reveals that the wear rate was augmented at a higher applied load because of the formation of plastic deformation with some cracks. The generation of shear stress at an elevated applied load increases the coefficient of friction (COF). However, the addition of TiC and h-BN particles decreases the COF and wear rate because of the abrasion resistance and self-lubrication property of TiC and h-BN, respectively. The wear mechanism map study confirms that the hybrid MMCs have better wear resistance properties than the unhybrid MMCs with minimum delamination.
Insights into Biodiversity Literacy
Authors: Janžekovič Boža
Published: October 2022

The loss of biodiversity is a global and local problem and challenge. The problem is solvable only with changed behavior, which can be achieved through education. In the literature, there are no criteria for achieving biodiversity literacy despite internationally binding documents, such as the United Nations’ Agenda 21 and Convention on Biological Diversity, which contain suggestions for biodiversity education. Remoteness from nature is having important consequences for children’s overall well-being and development. They directly impact cognitive development and creativity. The nature deficit disorder and the thesis that the more high tech we become the more nature we need serve as a guide that reminds us of the importance of nature to child development. Eco-mindfulness can reduce nature deficit disorders. The use of these theoretical findings increases the positive attitude toward nature and at the same time toward biodiversity on a practical level. On a theoretical basis, we present the foundations of biodiversity literacy.
DNA Extraction
Authors: Kosaka Naoko , Kumano Yoshisuke
Published: October 2022

The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) were proposed in 2013 in the United States for K–12 learning to emphasize the importance of science and engineering practices in the three dimensions of science learning. In this study, we show that DNA extraction experiments, which are familiar in the United States, can be used not only as demonstration experiments but also as educational material for science practices. We could visualize extracted DNA using an enzyme treatment with DNase and RNase and agarose gel electrophoresis. We conducted a science practice in which a DNA extraction experiment was used as an extracurricular club activity in Japan. The students made predictions, conducted experiments, obtained results, and reflected on their findings. Although there are still points needing improvement, our results indicate that the DNA extraction experiment can be used as a new teaching material for NGSS science practices.
Learning about Science & Pseudoscience as Critical Consumers
Authors: de Beer Josef , Van Wyk Ben-Erik
Published: October 2022

In the 21st century, which is often characterized by fake news and pseudoscientific claims, it is important that students should engage with the tenets of science, and how it differs from pseudoscience. The Rationality Index for Plant Use (RIPU) tool, introduced in this article, could be used in a problem-based and cooperative learning activity, where students explore the tenets of respectively science and pseudoscience. During such a learning activity, students will engage with scientific literature to either find support for hypotheses, or to nullify it. The activity also holds affordances to sensitize students toward the processes of science and the realization that scientists publish their findings in high-quality, peer-reviewed journals.
Carb Counting
Authors: Brennan Nicole , Bruening Kay Stearns , Burrell Jane , Voss Margaret A.
Published: October 2022

Inspired by the inaccessibility of laboratory experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, we designed an at-home experiment on diet and diabetes for a high school (9th grade) life science course. It promotes active learning through an affordable experiment, embedded hyperlinks, and video content to make virtual learning exciting and accessible.