bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Resistance in Romania: Updates on Gram-Negative ESCAPE Pathogens in the Clinical, Veterinary, and Aquatic Sectors
Authors: Barbu Ilda Czobor , Gheorghe-Barbu Irina , Grigore Georgiana Alexandra , Vrancianu Corneliu Ovidiu , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen
Published: April 2023

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the Enterobacterales order are a challenging multi-sectorial and global threat, being listed by the WHO in the priority list of pathogens requiring the urgent discovery and development of therapeutic strategies. We present here an overview of the antibiotic resistance profiles and epidemiology of Gram-negative pathogens listed in the ESCAPE group circulating in Romania. The review starts with a discussion of the mechanisms and clinical significance of Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequent genetic determinants of resistance, and then summarizes and discusses the epidemiological studies reported for A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacterales-resistant strains circulating in Romania, both in hospital and veterinary settings and mirrored in the aquatic environment. The Romanian landscape of Gram-negative pathogens included in the ESCAPE list reveals that all significant, clinically relevant, globally spread antibiotic resistance genes and carrying platforms are well established in different geographical areas of Romania and have already been disseminated beyond clinical settings.
Role of bZIP Transcription Factors in Plant Salt Stress
Authors: Liu Haotian , Tang Xun , Zhang Ning , Li Shigui , Si Huaijun
Published: April 2023

Soil salinity has become an increasingly serious problem worldwide, greatly limiting crop development and yield, and posing a major challenge to plant breeding. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are the most widely distributed and conserved transcription factors and are the main regulators controlling various plant response processes against external stimuli. The bZIP protein contains two domains: a highly conserved, DNA-binding alkaline region, and a diverse leucine zipper, which is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. Plant bZIP is involved in many biological processes, such as flower development, seed maturation, dormancy, and senescence, and plays an important role in abiotic stresses such as salt damage, drought, cold damage, osmotic stress, mechanical damage, and ABA signal response. In addition, bZIP is involved in the regulation of plant response to biological stresses such as insect pests and pathogen infection through salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ABA signal transduction pathways. This review summarizes and discusses the structural characteristics and functional characterization of the bZIP transcription factor group, the bZIP transcription factor complex and its molecular regulation mechanisms related to salt stress resistance, and the regulation of transcription factors in plant salt stress resistance. This review provides a theoretical basis and research ideas for further exploration of the salt stress-related functions of bZIP transcription factors. It also provides a theoretical basis for crop genetic improvement and green production in agriculture.
Dissecting Rubella Placental Infection in an In Vitro Trophoblast Model
Authors: Schulz Juliane , Schilling Erik , Fabian Claire , Zenclussen Ana Claudia , Stojanovska Violeta , Claus Claudia
Published: April 2023

Vertical transmission of rubella virus (RuV) occurs at a high rate during the first trimester of pregnancy. The modes of vertical transmission including the response of trophoblasts to RuV are not well understood. Here, RuV-trophoblast interaction was studied in the BeWo trophoblast cell line. Analysis included early and late time-point kinetics of virus infection rate and the antiviral innate immune response at mRNA and protein level. BeWo characteristics were addressed through metabolic activity by extracellular flux analysis and syncytiotrophoblast formation through incubation with forskolin. We found that RuV infection of BeWo led to profuse type III interferon (IFN) production. Transfecting trophoblast cells with dsRNA analog induced an increase in the production of type I IFN-β and type III IFNs; however, this did not occur in RuV-infected BeWo trophoblasts. IFN-β and to a lesser extent type III IFN-λ1 were inhibitory to RuV. While no significant metabolic alteration was detected, RuV infection reduced the cell number in the monolayer culture in comparison to the mock control and resulted in detached and floating cells. Syncytia formation restricted RuV infection. The use of BeWo as a relevant cell culture model for infection of trophoblasts highlights cytopathogenicity in the absence of a type I IFN response as a pathogenic alteration by RuV.
Deletion of Smooth Muscle O-GlcNAc Transferase Prevents Development of Atherosclerosis in Western Diet-Fed Hyperglycemic ApoE-/- Mice In Vivo
Authors: Khanal Saugat , Bhavnani Neha , Mathias Amy , Lallo Jason , Gupta Shreya , Ohanyan Vahagn , Ferrell Jessica M. , Raman Priya
Published: April 2023

Accumulating evidence highlights protein O-GlcNAcylation as a putative pathogenic contributor of diabetic vascular complications. We previously reported that elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation correlates with increased atherosclerotic lesion formation and VSMC proliferation in response to hyperglycemia. However, the role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), regulator of O-GlcNAc signaling, in the evolution of diabetic atherosclerosis remains elusive. The goal of this study was to determine whether smooth muscle OGT (smOGT) plays a direct role in hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerotic lesion formation and SMC de-differentiation. Using tamoxifen-inducible Myh11-CreERT2 and Ogtfl/fl mice, we generated smOGTWT and smOGTKO mice, with and without ApoE-null backgrounds. Following STZ-induced hyperglycemia, smOGTWT and smOGTKO mice were kept on a standard laboratory diet for the study duration. In a parallel study, smOGTWTApoE-/- and smOGTKOApoE-/- were initiated on Western diet at 8-wks-age. Animals harvested at 14–16-wks-age were used for plasma and tissue collection. Loss of smOGT augmented SM contractile marker expression in aortic vessels of STZ-induced hyperglycemic smOGTKO mice. Consistently, smOGT deletion attenuated atherosclerotic lesion lipid burden (Oil red O), plaque area (H&E), leukocyte (CD45) and smooth muscle cell (ACTA2) abundance in Western diet-fed hyperglycemic smOGTKOApoE-/- mice. This was accompanied by increased SM contractile markers and reduced inflammatory and proliferative marker expression. Further, smOGT deletion attenuated YY1 and SRF expression (transcriptional regulators of SM contractile genes) in hyperglycemic smOGTKOApoE-/- and smOGTKO mice. These data uncover an athero-protective outcome of smOGT loss-of-function and suggest a direct regulatory role of OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation in VSMC de-differentiation in hyperglycemia.
Calmodulin Regulates Transient Receptor Potential TRPM3 and TRPM8-Induced Gene Transcription
Authors: Thiel Gerald , Rössler Oliver G.
Published: April 2023

Calmodulin is a small protein that binds Ca2+ ions via four EF-hand motifs. The Ca2+/calmodulin complex as well as Ca2+-free calmodulin regulate the activities of numerous enzymes and ion channels. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological tools to study the functional role of calmodulin in regulating signal transduction of TRPM3 and TRPM8 channels. Both TRPM3 and TRPM8 are important regulators of thermosensation. Gene transcription triggered by stimulation of TRPM3 or TRPM8 channels was significantly impaired in cells expressing a calmodulin mutant with mutations in all four EF-hand Ca2+ binding motifs. Similarly, incubation of cells with the calmodulin inhibitor ophiobolin A reduced TRPM3 and TRPM8-induced signaling. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin was shown to negatively regulate TRPM3-induced gene transcription. Here, we show that TRPM8-induced transcription is also regulated by calcineurin. We propose that calmodulin plays a dual role in regulating TRPM3 and TRPM8 functions. Calmodulin is required for the activation of TRPM3 and TRPM8-induced intracellular signaling, most likely through a direct interaction with the channels. Ca2+ influx through TRPM3 and TRPM8 feeds back to TRPM3 and TRPM8-induced signaling by activation of the calmodulin-regulated enzyme calcineurin, which acts as a negative feedback loop for both TRPM3 and TRPM8 channel signaling.
Synthesis of Bioactive Aminomethylated 8-Hydroxyquinolines via the Modified Mannich Reaction
Authors: Csuvik Oszkár , Szatmári István
Published: April 2023

8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) is a widely known and frequently used chelating agent, and the pharmacological effects of the core molecule and its derivatives have been studied since the 19th century. There are several synthetic methods to modify this core. The Mannich reaction is one of the most easily implementable examples, which requires mild reaction conditions and simple chemical reagents. The three components of the Mannich reaction are a primary or secondary amine, an aldehyde and a compound having a hydrogen with pronounced activity. In the modified Mannich reaction, naphthol or a nitrogen-containing naphthol analogue (e.g., 8-hydroxyquinoline) is utilised as the active hydrogen provider compound, thus affording the formation of aminoalkylated products. The amine component can be ammonia and primary or secondary amines. The aldehyde component is highly variable, including aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Based on the pharmacological relevance of aminomethylated 8-hydroxyquinolines, this review summarises their syntheses via the modified Mannich reaction starting from 8-hydroxyquinoline, formaldehyde and various amines.
Special Issue “Cisplatin in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms of Action 3.0”
Authors: Gandin Valentina , Hoeschele James D. , Margiotta Nicola
Published: April 2023

The year 2023 marks the 45th year since FDA approval of cisplatin as an anticancer drug, and, at present, it is widely used against a spectrum of human tumors, including early-stage ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (typically developed by smokers), head and neck, and advanced bladder cancer [...]
Large-Scale Protein Analysis of Experimental Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Vestergaard Nanna , Cehofski Lasse Jørgensen , Alsing Alexander Nørgård , Kruse Anders , Nielsen Jonas Ellegaard , Schlosser Anders , Sorensen Grith Lykke , Honoré Bent , Vorum Henrik
Published: April 2023

Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a devastating condition with no effective treatment. The management of RAO could potentially be improved through an in-depth understanding of the molecular alterations in the condition. This study combined advanced proteomic techniques and an experimental model to uncover the retinal large-scale protein profile of RAO. In 13 pigs, RAO was induced with an argon laser and confirmed by fluorescein angiography. Left eyes serving as controls received a sham laser without inducing occlusion. Retinal samples were collected after one, three, or six days and analyzed with liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry. In RAO, 36 proteins were differentially regulated on day one, 86 on day three, and 557 on day six. Upregulated proteins included clusterin, vitronectin, and vimentin, with several proteins increasing over time with a maximum on day six, including clusterin, vimentin, osteopontin, annexin-A, signal transducer, and the activator of transcription 3. On day six, RAO resulted in the upregulation of proteins involved in cellular response to stress, hemostasis, innate immune response, and cytokine signaling. Downregulated proteins were involved in transmission across chemical synapses and visual phototransduction. This study identified the upregulation of multiple inflammatory proteins in RAO and the downregulation of proteins involved in visual pathways.
Protection against Ischemic Heart Disease: A Joint Role for eNOS and the KATP Channel
Authors: Severino Paolo , D’Amato Andrea , Mancone Massimo , Palazzuoli Alberto , Mariani Marco Valerio , Prosperi Silvia , Myftari Vincenzo , Lavalle Carlo , Forleo Giovanni Battista , Birtolo Lucia Ilaria , Caputo Viviana , Miraldi Fabio , Chimenti Cristina , Badagliacca Roberto , Maestrini Viviana , Palmirotta Raffaele , Vizza Carmine Dario , Fedele Francesco
Published: April 2023

Genetic susceptibility may influence ischemic heart disease (IHD) predisposition and affect coronary blood flow (CBF) regulation mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the association among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding for proteins involved in CBF regulation and IHD. A total of 468 consecutive patients were enrolled and divided into three groups according to coronary angiography and intracoronary functional tests results: G1, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD); G2, patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD); and G3, patients with angiographic and functionally normal coronary arteries. A genetic analysis of the SNPs rs5215 of the potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11 (KCNJ11) gene and rs1799983 of the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene, respectively encoding for the Kir6.2 subunit of ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), was performed on peripheral whole blood samples. A significant association of rs5215_G/G of KCNJ11 and rs1799983_T/T of NOS3 genes was detected in healthy controls compared with CAD and CMD patients. Based on univariable and multivariable analyses, the co-presence of rs5215_G/G of KCNJ11 and rs1799983_T/T of NOS3 may represent an independent protective factor against IHD, regardless of cardiovascular risk factors. This study supports the hypothesis that SNP association may influence the crosstalk between eNOS and the KATP channel that provides a potential protective effect against IHD.
Confirmation of Statin and Fibrate Use from Small-Volume Archived Plasma Samples by High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Kusovschi Jennifer D. , Ivanova Anna A. , Gardner Michael S. , McGarrah Robert W. , Kraus William E. , Kuklenyik Zsuzsanna , Pirkle James L. , Barr John R.
Published: April 2023

Designing studies for lipid-metabolism-related biomarker discovery is challenging because of the high prevalence of various statin and fibrate usage for lipid-lowering therapies. When the statin and fibrate use is determined based on self-reports, patient adherence to the prescribed statin dose regimen remains unknown. A potentially more accurate way to verify a patient’s medication adherence is by direct analytical measurements. Current analytical methods are prohibitive because of the limited panel of drugs per test and large sample volume requirement that is not available from archived samples. A 4-min-long method was developed for the detection of seven statins and three fibrates using 10 µL of plasma analyzed via reverse-phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The method was applied to the analysis of 941 archived plasma samples collected from patients before cardiac catheterization. When statin use was self-reported, statins were detected in 78.6% of the samples. In the case of self-reported atorvastatin use, the agreement with detection was 90.2%. However, when no statin use was reported, 42.4% of the samples had detectable levels of statins, with a similar range of concentrations as the samples from the self-reported statin users. The method is highly applicable in population studies designed for biomarker discovery or diet and lifestyle intervention studies, where the accuracy of statin or fibrate use may strongly affect the statistical evaluation of the biomarker data.
Review on Generation and Characterization of Copper Particles and Copper Composites Prepared by Mechanical Milling on a Lab-Scale
Authors: Sandoval Sebastián Salazar , Silva Nataly
Published: April 2023

This review aims to expose mechanical milling as an alternative method for generating copper-based particles (copper particles (CuP) and copper composites (CuC)); more specifically, via a top-down or bottom-up approach, on a lab-scale. This work will also highlight the different parameters that can affect the size distribution, the type, and the morphology of the obtained CuP or CuC, such as the type of mechanical mill, ball-to-powder ratios (BPR), the milling speed, milling time, and the milling environment, among others. This review analyzes various papers based on the Cu-based particle generation route, which begins with a pretreatment step, then mechanical milling, its approach (top-down or bottom-up), and the post-treatment. Finally, the characterization methods of the resulting CuP and CuC through mechanical milling are also discussed.
New Paradigms in French Historiography, or the Same Old Ones?
Authors: Martinat Monica
Published: April 2023

This article presents some recent trends in French historiography that concern the relationship between history and literature. Among the recent developments are “experiments” carried out by a few historians, which are characterized by an explicit determination to focus on narrative, along with a willingness to share one’s own historical subjectivity. By going through some of the examples from this approach, this article highlights how these literary reflexes make important contributions. However, it also points out the weakness of this proposed method of making history on epistemological grounds. That is, it abandons the form of historical writing that requires distance and an appreciation that history’s vocation is to propose solid but uncertain propositions (to paraphrase Zemon Davis). By insisting on emotional and sensitive understanding, the knowledge gained from these experiments only questions the scientific aspects of history and history itself. This recent trend is not exactly new, as it evidently links up with some of the consequences generated by the linguistic turn.
CNN-Based Laue Spot Morphology Predictor for Reliable Crystallographic Descriptor Estimation
Authors: Kirstein Tom , Petrich Lukas , Purushottam Raj Purohit Ravi Raj Purohit , Micha Jean-Sébastien , Schmidt Volker
Published: April 2023

Laue microdiffraction is an X-ray diffraction technique that allows for the non-destructive acquisition of spatial maps of crystallographic orientation and the strain state of (poly)crystalline specimens. To do so, diffraction patterns, consisting of thousands of Laue spots, are collected and analyzed at each location of the spatial maps. Each spot of these so-called Laue patterns has to be accurately characterized with respect to its position, size and shape for subsequent analyses including indexing and strain analysis. In the present paper, several approaches for estimating these descriptors that have been proposed in the literature, such as methods based on image moments or function fitting, are reviewed. However, with the increasing size and quantity of Laue image data measured at synchrotron sources, some datasets become unfeasible in terms of computational requirements. Moreover, for irregular Laue spots resulting, e.g., from overlaps and extended crystal defects, the exact shape and, more importantly, the position are ill-defined. To tackle these shortcomings, a procedure using convolutional neural networks is presented, allowing for a significant acceleration of the characterization of Laue spots, while simultaneously estimating the quality of a Laue spot for further analyses. When tested on unseen Laue spots, this approach led to an acceleration of 77 times using a GPU while maintaining high levels of accuracy.
Influence of Top Seal Damage on Contact Seal in Ram Blowout Preventer
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Zhang Laibin , Yu Jiamin , Fan Jianchun
Published: April 2023

Top seal failure of ram blowout preventer (BOP) is one of the main factors leading to well control risk. The constitutive model and parameters of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were optimized by compression and tensile tests, and the failure analysis model of the contact seal of the ram BOP top seal was built. The nonlinear contact mechanical behavior of the connection part of the BOP top seal was analyzed by the finite element method. Then, the influence of corrosion and wear defects at the top seal position of the 2FZ35-70 BOP under rated working pressure on the contact seal were studied, and the results showed that the overall contact pressure distribution of the top seal corrosion defects was uniform, the local contact pressure of the corrosion pit edge increased, and the top contact pressure decreased. The overall contact pressure of the wear defect of the top seal decreased linearly, the contact pressure at the maximum depth of the wear defect was the smallest, and the contact pressure gradually decreased to both sides. Ultimately, to guarantee the safety and reliability of the ram BOP, it is suggested that the acceptable depths of the seal corrosion pit and the wear at the top of the ram BOP are 4.0 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively, thus the reliability evaluation problem of the quantitative seal of the ram BOP top seal is solved.
Advantages of Multiposition Scanning in Echocardiographic Assessment of the Severity of Discordant Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Golukhova Elena Zelikovna , Slivneva Inessa Viktorovna , Farulova Inga Yur’evna , Skopin Ivan Ivanovich , Marapov Damir Ildarovich , Murysova Dar’ya Vladimirovna , Pirushkina Yuliya Dmitrievna , Volkovskaya Irina Vasilyevna
Published: April 2023

Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of severity of discordant aortic stenosis (AS) assessment using multiposition scanning and the standard apical window. Materials and Methods: All patients (n = 104) underwent preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and were ranked according to the degree of AS severity. The reproducibility feasibility of the right parasternal window (RPW) was 75.0% (n = 78). The mean age of the patients was 64 years, and 40 (51.3%) were female. In 25 cases, low gradients were identified from the apical window not corresponding to the visual structural changes in the aortic valve, or disagreement between the velocity and calculated parameters was detected. Patients were divided into two groups: concordant AS (n = 56; 71.8%) and discordant AS (n = 22; 28.2%). Three individuals were excluded from the discordant AS group due to the presence of moderate stenosis. Results: Based on the comparative analysis of transvalvular flow velocities obtained from multiposition scanning, the concordance group showed agreement between the velocity and calculated parameters. We observed an increase in the mean transvalvular pressure gradient (ΔPmean) and peak aortic jet velocity (Vmax), ΔPmean in 95.5% of patients, velocity time integral of transvalvular flow (VTI AV) in 90.9% of patients, and a decrease in aortic valve area (AVA) and indexed AVA in 90.9% of patients after applying RPW in all patients with discordant AS. The use of RPW allowed the reclassification of AS severity from discordant to concordant high-gradient AS in 88% of low-gradient AS cases. Conclusion: Underestimation of flow velocity and overestimation of AVA using the apical window may lead to misclassification of AS. The use of RPW helps to match the degree of AS severity with the velocity characteristics and reduce the number of low-gradient AS cases.
Prognostic Health Management Using IR Thermography: The Case of a Digital Twin of a NiTi Endodontic File
Authors: Ruffa Filippo , Lugarà Mariacarla , Fulco Gaetano , Alizzio Damiano , Lo Savio Fabio , De Capua Claudio
Published: April 2023

Prognostic and health management technologies are increasingly important in many fields where reducing maintenance costs is critical. Non-destructive testing techniques and the Internet of Things (IoT) can help create accurate, two-sided digital models of specific monitored objects, enabling predictive analysis and avoiding risky situations. This study focuses on a particular application: monitoring an endodontic file during operation to develop a strategy to prevent breakage. To this end, the authors propose an innovative, non-invasive technique for early fault detection based on digital twins and infrared thermography measurements. They developed a digital twin of a NiTi alloy endodontic file that receives measurement data from the real world and generates the expected thermal map of the object under working conditions. By comparing this virtual image with the real one acquired by an IR camera, the authors were able to identify an anomalous trend and avoid breakage. The technique was calibrated and validated using both a professional IR camera and an innovative low-cost IR scanner previously developed by the authors. By using both devices, they could identify a critical condition at least 11 s before the file broke.
Recent Development of Mechanical Stimuli Detectable Sensors, Their Future, and Challenges: A Review
Authors: Zhu Shushuai , Kim Dana , Jeong Changyoon
Published: April 2023

By virtue of their wide applications in transportation, healthcare, smart home, and security, development of sensors detecting mechanical stimuli, which are many force types (pressure, shear, bending, tensile, and flexure) is an attractive research direction for promoting the advancement of science and technology. Sensing capabilities of various force types based on structural design, which combine unique structure and materials, have emerged as a highly promising field due to their various industrial applications in wearable devices, artificial skin, and Internet of Things (IoT). In this review, we focus on various sensors detecting one or two mechanical stimuli and their structure, materials, and applications. In addition, for multiforce sensing, sensing mechanism are discussed regarding responses in external stimuli such as piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and capacitance phenomena. Lastly, the prospects and challenges of sensors for multiforce sensing are discussed and summarized, along with research that has emerged.
LIC12254 Is a Leptospiral Protein That Interacts with Integrins via the RGD Motif
Authors: Cavenague Maria F. , Teixeira Aline F. , Fernandes Luis G. V. , Nascimento Ana L. T. O.
Published: April 2023

Pathogenic leptospires can bind to receptors on mammalian cells such as cadherins and integrins. Leptospira effectively adheres to cells, overcomes host barriers and spreads into the bloodstream, reaching internal target organs such as the lungs, liver and kidneys. Several microorganisms produce proteins that act as ligands of integrins through the RGD motif. Here, we characterized a leptospiral RGD-containing protein encoded by the gene lic12254. In silico analysis of pathogenic, intermediate and saprophytic species showed that LIC12254 is highly conserved among pathogenic species, and is unique in presenting the RGD motif. The LIC12254-coding sequence is greatly expressed in the virulent Leptospira interrogans L1-130 strain compared with the culture-attenuated L. interrogans M20 strain. We also showed that the recombinant protein rLIC12254 binds to αVβ8 and α8 human integrins most likely via the RGD motif. These interactions are dose-dependent and saturable, a typical property of receptor–ligand interactions. The binding of the recombinant protein lacking this motif—rLIC12254 ΔRAA—to αVβ8 was almost totally abolished, while that with the α8 human integrin was decreased by 65%. Taken together, these results suggest that this putative outer membrane protein interacts with integrins via the RGD domain and may play a key role in leptospirosis pathogenesis.
Increased Prevalence of Symptomatic Human Intestinal Spirochetosis in MSM with High-Risk Sexual Behavior in a Cohort of 165 Individuals
Authors: Pérez-Tanoira Ramón , Tamarit Marta del Palacio , Montaña Ana María Vicente , Carmena David , Köster Pamela , Górgolas Miguel , Fortes Alen José R. , Cabello-Úbeda Alfonso , Prieto-Pérez Laura
Published: April 2023

Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, although asymptomatic infections have been described. Individuals from low-income countries, people living with HIV, and men who have sex with men (MSM) show increased risk. A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with HIS (n = 165) between January 2013 and October 2020 at a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain, was performed to assess risk factors for symptomatic HIS, symptoms, and response to treatment. Most patients were male (n = 156; 94.5%), 86.7% were MSM, and 23.5% practiced chemsex, of whom most were symptomatic (p = 0.039). Most patients (78.4%) reported unprotected oral-anal intercourse. A total of 124 (81.1%) were symptomatic; diarrhea was the most common complaint (68.3%). Multivariable regression showed increased odds of symptoms associated with age under 41 (odds ratio 5.44, 95% CI 1.87–15.88; p = 0.002). Colonoscopy was normal in 153 (92.7%). Furthermore, 66.7% presented previous or concomitant sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Among the patients, 102 underwent testing for other gastrointestinal pathogens, with positive results in 20 (19.6%). All symptomatic patients without concomitant gastrointestinal infection presenting improvement on follow-up (42 of 53) had received either metronidazole or doxycycline (p = 0.049). HIS should be considered as a cause of chronic diarrhea in MSM with high-risk sexual behavior after other causes have been ruled out; treatment with metronidazole is recommended. Coinfection with other STDs is common.
Eugenol Essential Oil and Nanoemulsion as Antihydatic Agents with Antifibrotic and Immunomodulatory Effects in Cystic Echinococcosis
Authors: Ahmad Alzahraa Abdelraouf , Maurice Maria Naged , Monib Mohamed El-Salahy M. , Soliman Mahmoud , Al-Thagfan Sultan S. , Huseein Enas Abdelhameed Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

Conventional scolicidal agents are still unsatisfactory in combating hydatid disease due to their low efficacy and increased drug side effects. Therefore, novel scolicides are required. This study aimed to evaluate the antihydatic and immunomodulatory effects of eugenol essential oil (Eug) and its nanoemulsion (Eug-NE) in cystic echinococcosis (CE). Eug and Eug-NE were administered orally to CE-infected rats and compared to albendazole (ABZ). Hydatid cyst development was assessed based on organ weight and hypertrophy indicators of the infected organs, along with a histopathological and histochemical evaluation of collagen content. The immunomodulatory effects of treatment on CE were evaluated by serum cytokine levels measurement of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) markers. Eug-NE was the most effective in reducing the cyst weights, organ weights, and hypertrophy indicators and improving histopathological lesions with reduced collagen content. Eug and Eug-NE significantly increased the IFN-γ levels and decreased the IL-4 levels, while IHC analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in STAT4 and GATA3 expression in all treated groups. Eug and Eug-NE demonstrated antihydatic and preventative effects, with a substantial decrease in liver fibrosis compared to that of ABZ. Besides their promising immunomodulatory effects, their good treatment response suggests their use as alternatives or complementary scolicidal agents in hydatid cyst treatment.
Technology revolution 4.0 is a social-economic development solution for developing countries
Authors: Pham Kien Thi
Published: April 2023

Facing the inevitable development trend of the economy and the challenges posed by the requirements of building a digital economy, developing countries need to develop the country's socio-economic development. The technology revolution has pushed countries’ economies to grow in the direction of linking global economies. As a result, developing countries face many challenges in maintaining strong macroeconomics, controlling external debt and inflation, and investing effectively in infrastructure and technology capabilities that will contribute to productivity growth. The article uses analysis, comparison, and synthesis methods to clarify the role of the technological revolution on the economies of developed countries in controlling the macroeconomic environment and allocating resources. The article also describes the reality of the application of 4.0 technology in Vietnam to clarify other countries' transition from low-income to high-income status through technology application.
Визначення області стійкості в площині параметрів та показників якості лінійних неперервних систем автоматичного керування мпетодом D-розбиття
Authors: Мовчан Леонід Тимофійович
Published: April 2023

Розглянуто питання побудови межі області стійкості (МОС) неперервних лінійних систем автоматичного керування (САК) у площині параметрів коефіцієнтів характеристичного рівняння та показників якості перехідного процесу (ступеня стійкості η та ступеня коливності μ) методом D-розбиття. Представлено конкретні вирази коефіцієнтів зміщених характеристичних рівнянь для ступеня стійкості η та ступеня колив­ності μ. Показано, що показники якості нелінійно входять у коефіцієнти зміщених рівнянь, тому побудова МОС класичним методом D-роз­биття є проблемою. Розглянуто приклад побудови МОС у площині параметра системи та ступеня стійкості η. МОС отримано за допомогою раніше запропонованої методики побудови області стійкості в площині двох параметрів, один з яких нелінійно входить у рівняння системи. При цьому виключаються побудова всієї кривої D-роз­биття та особливих прямих і використання штриховки по Неймарку, а також забезпечується машинна реалізація МОС. Отримане сімейство МОС у площині параметра та при різних значеннях іншого параметра коефіцієнтів зміщеного характеристичного рівняння дозволяє оцінити, а для значень параметрів на сімействі МОС визначити ступінь стійкості η.
Про задачі оптимізації процесу спостереження
Authors: Кривонос Ірина Юріївна
Published: April 2023

Завдання побудови оцінок невідомих параметрів за результатами неповних вимірів привертають постійну увагу дослідників. І хоча предмет теорії спостереження та фільтрації відомий досить добре і багато положень цієї теорії набули характеру класичних результатів, інтерес до такого роду зав­дань не слабшає завдяки їх широкому застосуванню, зокрема, в економіці, військовій справі та теорії автоматичного керування. З розвитком теорії гарантованого спостереження для лінійних систем з’явилася можливість вив­чення задач оптимізації вимірів чи планування експерименту. Зв’язок міні­максних та класичних стохастичних оцінок дозволяє застосувати в рамках гарантованого підходу як стандартні методи теорії планування експерименту, так і деякі інші результати, пов’язані з оптимізацією процесу спостереження. Метою цієї роботи є дослідження оптимізації процесу спостереження, досягнення необхідних умов оптимальності та побудова оптимальних динамічних вимірників з нульовими та ненульовими початковими умовами. Основу математичного дослідження складають методи опуклого та функціонального аналізів, а також результати теорії оптимального керування та теорії мінімаксних спостережень лінійних динамічних систем. Сформульовано завдання побудови оптимальних динамічних вимірників і задач оптимізації процесу спостережень з відмінними критеріями. Доведено теорему про існування розв’язків цих завдань.
Paradigm of nonstochastic approach to system identification
Authors: Gubarev Vyacheslav , Melnychuk Serhii , Salnikov Nikolay
Published: April 2023

The concept of a complex system in this work is understood as a large set of dynamic interconnected systems, the exact mathematical model of which is not known or has a very large dimension. In such situation the use of standard methods for synthesizing feedback becomes difficult or even im­possible due to the degeneracy of the corresponding mathematical problems. One way out of this situation is to build an approximation model of reduced dimension. This can be done using a system of initial equations, if they are available, or using identification methods based on measurements of output and input variables acting on the system. In this case, the process of con­structing a mathematical model is reduced to a sequential enumeration of possible models of increasing complexity. As a criterion for the adequacy of the model, the norm of deviation of the output of the adjusted model from the measured value of the output of the system under study is considered. The article deals with the construction of linear models, the complexity of which is determined by their dimension. In the framework of nonstochastic approach it is developed the methodological and mathematical basis for model reconstruction which describes processes in complex systems. Asymptotic modelling allows for such system to form model classes appropriate to solve identification problem. Precise description corresponds to infinite expansion so the model quality is improved when its dimension is increased. However errors in available data do not allow increase their dimension limitlessly due to ill-conditionality of the identification problem beginning from some dimension. Regularization procedure permits to determine the effective approximate solution of identification problem which for nonstochastic case is in agreement with errors in data. Properties and peculiarities of the proposed approach are illustrated by simulation results.
Ігрові задачі керування для систем з дробовими похідними
Authors: Чикрій Аркадій Олексійович
Published: April 2023

Математична теорія керування і теорія динамічних ігор мають широкий спектр фундаментальних методів дослідження керованих еволюційних процесів різної природи, що функціонують в умовах конфлікту та невизначеності. При цьому стан процесу може описуватись звичайними диференціальними рівняннями, нестаціонарними системами з параметрами, що залежать від часу, у вигляді багатозначних відображень, диференціально-різницевими та імпульсними системами, рівняннями з частинними похідними. У даній роботі схема методу розвʼязуючих функцій (обернених функціоналів Мінковського) застосована до ігрових задач з класичними дробовими похідними Рімана–Ліувілля. Отримані достатні умови зближення за певний гарантований час у класі квазістратегій. Побудова керувань здійснюється на основі теорем вимірного вибору типу Філіпова–Кастена. Розвʼязуючі функції при цьому є опорними до ключових багатозначних відображень. Для перевірки умов зближення використані асимптотичні представлення функцій Міттаг–Леффлера. Щоб підтвердити ефективність запропонованої методики, детально розглянуто конфліктно-керований процес з простою матрицею. При цьому розвʼязуюча функція знайдена в явному аналітичному вигляді як більший позитивний корінь відповідного квадратного рівняння. На основі методу розвʼязуючих функцій дані достатні умови завершення групового переслідування за скінчений час у класі квазі-стратегій. При нульових матрицях систем, що описують рух переслідувачів та втікача, отримані необхідні і достатні умови зближення типу оточення за Пшеничним.
Algebras of Smooth Functions and Holography of Traversing Flows
Authors: Katz Gabriel
Published: April 2023

Let X be a smooth compact manifold and v a vector field on X which admits a smooth function f : X ! R such that df(v) > 0. Let @X be the boundary of X. We denote by C1(X) the algebra of smooth functions on X and by C1(@X) the algebra of smooth functions on @X. With the help of (v; f), we introduce two subalgebras A(v) and B(f) of C1(@X) and prove (under mild hypotheses) that C1(X) _ A(v) ^B(f), the topological tensor product. Thus the topological algebras A(v) and B(f), viewed as boundary data, allow for a reconstruction of C1(X). As a result, A(v) and B(f) allow for the recovery of the smooth topological type of the bulk X.
Congenital Cholesteatoma of the Temporal Bone without Hearing Impairment: A Case Report
Authors: Гасымов А.В. , Панахиан В.М. , Абилова Ф.А. , Шадлинская А.А.
Published: April 2023

В статье представлен краткий обзор по вопросу холестеатомы среднего уха, описаны причины деструкции костных структур, приводящие к развитию внутричерепных осложнений. В данной статье также упоминается изолированная врожденная холестеатома среднего уха и частота ее в практической оториноларингологии. Представлен клинический случай врожденной холестеатомы височной кости без нарушения слуха, которая выявлена на верхушке сосцевидного отростка. При этом холестеатома разрушила стенку задней черепной ямки, но слуховые косточки, антрум и периантральные клетки сосцевидного отростка остались интактными, что подтверждалось исследованиями МРТ и КТ височной кости, а также аудиологическими данными. Проведено хирургическое лечение, при этом оперативное вмешательство ограничилось верхушкой сосцевидного отростка, без вскрытия периантральных клеток и антрума. Послеоперационный период протекал гладко, рана велась открыто, зажила вторичным натяжением.

The article presents a brief review on the issue of middle ear cholesteatoma, describing causes of bonе structures destruction leading to the development of intracranial complications. Isolated congenital cholesteatoma of the middle ear and its frequency in practical otorhinolaryngology are also mentioned. A clinical case of congenital cholesteatoma of the temporal bone without hearing impairment which was detected at the tip of the mastoid process is described. In described case, the cholesteatoma destroyed the wall of the posterior cranial fossa, but the auditory ossicles, antrum and periantral cells of the mastoid process remained intact, which was confirmed by MRI and CT scans of the temporal bone, as well as audiological data. Surgical treatment was performed; however, the surgical intervention was limited to the tip of the mastoid process, without opening the periantral cells and the antrum. The postoperative period was uneventful; the wound was managed openly, and healed by secondary tension.
Optimization of Conservative Treatment of Rhinosinusitis in Children
Authors: Нурова Г.У. , Хайруллаева З.Ш.
Published: April 2023

Инфекции дыхательных путей занимают первое место по распространенности среди всех заболеваний у детей. Среднестатистический ребенок болеет острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями 6–8 раз в год. Приблизительные подсчеты показывают, что в течение жизни человек может болеть острыми респираторными вирусными инфекциями в среднем около 6 лет. Инфекции носа и ротоглотки – наиболее частая причина обращения к педиатру, терапевту или к врачу-отоларингологу. Как правило, эти заболевания сопровождаются развитием острого риносинусита у детей из-за более узких анатомических размеров носа и придаточных пазух носа. Основное неинвазивное исследование с применением препарата Синупрет® в лечении острого риносинусита у детей подтвердило высокую эффективность и переносимость растительного комбинированного препарата при остром синусите. Широкий спектр фармакологических эффектов препарата Синупрет® и наличие двух лекарственных форм (капель и таблеток) делают его оптимальным средством в лечении заболевания у детей начиная с двух лет. Представленное исследование подтверждает высокую эффективность и хорошую переносимость лечения препаратом Синупрет®.

Respiratory tract infections occupy the first place in prevalence among all diseases in children. The average child suffers from acute respiratory viral infections 6–8 times a year. Approximate calculations show that during lifetime an individual can suffer from acute respiratory viral infections for an average of about 6 years. Infections of the nose and oropharynx are the most common reason for contacting a pediatrician, therapist or an otolaryngologist. As a rule, these diseases are accompanied by the development of acute rhinosinusitis in children due to the narrower anatomical dimensions of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The main noninvasive study using Sinupret® in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis in children confirmed the high efficacy and tolerability of the herbal combination drug in acute sinusitis. A wide range of pharmacological effects of Sinupret® and availability in two dosage forms (drops and tablets) make this medicinal product optimal remedy in the treatment of the disease in children over two years of age. The presented study confirms the high efficacy and good tolerability of treatment with Sinupret®.
The terminological tagging of the NooJ italian compound word dictionary
Authors: Monteleone Mario
Published: April 2023

In this paper, and in relation to the construction of electronic dictionaries for NooJ, we will deal with the tagging of Italian compound words, and with how it differs from that of simple words as for methods, functions, and purposes. We will especially focus our attention on the tagging of technical-scientific compound words, demonstrating how this operation, in NooJ, represents a crucial tool for both information extraction and knowledge automatic management and representation. Furthermore, with the intention to producing a complete analysis, we will provide the definitions of simple word and compound word, from both a formal and a linguistic point of view. As for the linguistic examination, we will adopt two different approaches. For the first one, we will use the analytic methods of Zellig S. Harris, who first set out, in structuralist terms and in relation to English, the study of the composition of different morphemes in more complex linguistic units, hence also of word groups or phrases. For the second one, we will make extensive reference to the methodological framework of language formalization described by Maurice Gross' Lexicon-Grammar, as to its subsequent adaptations to the Italian language. Finally, as we will see, it will be of fundamental importance for us to differentiate the definitions that we will give here of compound words from the more generic and less precise one of multiword expressions (MWE). To justify this differentiation, we will provide not only formal indications, but also lexical, morphosyntactic and semantic ones.
The DAMPAK KEMITRAAN CREATED SHARED VALUE PT. GREAT GIANT LIVESTOCK TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETERNAK SAPI POTONG DI KELOMPOK LIMOUSIN, DESA ASTOMULYO
Authors: Fitri Aisyah Nisa'ul
Published: April 2023

This study aims to describe the implementation of PT. Great Giant Livestock’s CSV partnership programs in the Limousin Group and determine the impact of the CSV partnership implemented by Great Giant Livestock Company on the income of beef cattle farmers in the Limousin Group. This research was conducted in April – May 2022 in the Limousin Group, Astomulyo Village, Central Lampung regency. The choice of research location was determined intentionally using purposive sampling, considering that Limousin Group is a partner group of Great Giant Livestock Company which is in ring 3 with the highest number of members still actively collaborating with the company. The technique for determining respondents was a census in the Limousin Group of as many as 60 respondents. Data was collected using interviews with questionnaire instruments and observation. The method of analysis is descriptive and uses multiple linear analyses. The descriptive analysis results obtained that the partnership's planning and implementation are in a suitable category. The numerous linear analysis results show that the partnership's performance partially affects the partnership's impact. The partnership's planning and implementation simultaneously affect the partnership's impact on the income of beef cattle farmers. Partnership planning and implementation affect revenue by 20.2%.