bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High P4HA1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival and recurrent‐free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qun , Shen Zhisen , Wu Zhenhua , Shen Yi , Deng Hongxia , Zhou Chongchang , Liu Huigao
Published: November 2019

Background

Prolyl 4‐hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) plays a critical role in modulating the extracellular matrix and promoting tumor progression in various cancers. However, the association between P4HA1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.

Methods

P4HA1 mRNA and protein expression in cancer and normal tissues were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus, and Human Protein Atlas databases. Quantitative PCR was applied to determine P4HA1 mRNA expression levels in 162 paired HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was utilized to explore P4HA1 genetic alterations in HNSCC. Then, KEGG analysis of P4HA1 co‐expressed genes in HNSCC was conducted using ClueGo in Cytoscape.

Results

P4HA1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in HNSCC tissues compared with normal tissues. High P4HA1 expression in HNSCC tissues was significantly associated with tumor category, lymphatic metastasis and pathological stage. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve of TCGA and validation cohort was 0.887 and 0.883, respectively. Moreover, elevated P4HA1 expression was associated with unfavorable OS (HR: 1.728, P = .001) and RFS (HR: 2.025, P = .002) in HNSCC patients.

Conclusions

This integrated analysis provides strong evidence that increasing P4HA1 expression is significantly associated with the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. Additionally, high P4HA1 expression serves as both diagnostic biomarker and independent prognostic factor for poor OS and RFS in HNSCC patients.
List coloring triangle‐free planar graphs
Authors: Hu Jianzhang , Zhu Xuding
Published: November 2019

This paper proves the following result. Assume is a triangle‐free planar graph, is an independent set of . If is a list assignment of such that for each vertex and for each vertex , then is ‐colorable.
Stereoselective aziridination of imines via ammonium ylides: A molecular electron density theory study
Authors: Jalali Hamideh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Ali‐Asgari Safa , Izadi Nia Jafar
Published: November 2019

The highly trans‐stereoselective reaction of ammonium salt (AS 2) toward (E)‐N‐benzylidene‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (IM 4) in the presence of Na2CO3 leading to an aziridine derivative, trans‐Az 6, was theoretically studied using Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) computational level to probe energy transformation, selectivities, and molecular mechanism. The reaction starts by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between 1,4‐diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and phenacyl bromide (PB) to form AS 2 which undergoes a proton abstraction by Na2CO3 to produce Ammonium Ylide (AY 3). Subsequently, nucleophilic addition of AY 3 to the double bond in IM 4 leads to form a betaine‐like intermediate, namely, IN‐Ta which named IN‐Ta. Finally, trans‐Az 6 is produced as a result of the nucleophilic attack of the negatively charged nitrogen atom on the carbon atom bearing DABCO in IN‐Ta. Analysis of the relative Gibbs free energies shows that the ring closure step is the rate‐determining step (RDS). By an investigation of the conceptual density functional theory, CDFT reactivity indices AY 3 and IM 4 are classified as a strong nucleophilic molecular system and as a strong electrophilic molecular system, respectively, which implies that the addition step of AY 3 to IM 4 has a high polar character. An analysis of the calculated electrophilic and nucleophilic Parr functions at the reactive sites of reagents clarifies the regioselectivity observed experimentally within the C1–C2 bond creation process.
Time‐lagged correlations associated with interannual variations of pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon precipitation in Myanmar and the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Chhin Rattana , Shwe Myint M. , Yoden Shigeo
Published: November 2019

The time‐lagged correlations of monthly precipitation in Myanmar and the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) with several climate indices were investigated by using Global Precipitation Climatology Centre dataset after checking its quality with rain‐gauge data. The results showed significant time‐lagged correlations of several climate indices related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and El Niño Modoki with precipitation anomalies in Southern Myanmar during pre‐monsoon (April) and post‐monsoon (October) months. Composite analysis of extremes and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on precipitation variations over the whole ICP for these 2 months were carried out. The analyses showed a good association between precipitation in Southern Myanmar and a large‐scale precipitation structure that affects the Southern Myanmar and ICP simultaneously during these 2 months. An analysis of moisture flux over a wide area of ICP, including the surrounding seas, showed that the regressed variability of its convergence with the first principal component (PC1) of EOF analysis on precipitation over the whole ICP is statistically significant over the wide area from the Bay of Bengal to Southern ICP and South China Sea for the 2 months. The significant time‐lagged correlations were confirmed by regressing sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and 850‐hPa zonal wind (U850) upon the PC1. We propose an area‐averaged SST, U850, or the combination of these variables at each corresponding best location in the equatorial region to the highest correlation searched in this study as a good predictor for long‐range statistical prediction of monthly precipitation in the southern part of ICP, particularly for the pre‐monsoon month. Using a linear model and the proposed predictors, we demonstrate a successful hindcast in predicting the pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon precipitation in the southern part of ICP (south of 20 N) up to 6 and 3 months ahead, respectively.
Bivariate Distribution and Related Analytical Solutions for Batch Step‐Growth Polymerization of AB2‐Type Monomer
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka , Yamazaki Kiyomasa
Published: November 2019

Based on the analytical solution for the bivariate distribution N(n,k) of the degree of polymerization n and the number of dendritic units k, it is shown that the batch step‐growth polymerization of AB2‐type monomer leads to form random hyperbranched architecture, irrespective of the magnitude of reactivity ratio r that represents the reactivity of the second B group. The bivariate distribution function enables one to obtain various useful analytic relationships for the hyperbranched architecture. The degree of branching at large n limit, DBn → ∞, is an important property to represent the branched polymer system, rather than the average DB of the whole reaction mixture. For the case with r = 1, the value of DBn → ∞ is always 0.5, and is unchanged at any stage of batch polymerization. On the other hand, DBn → ∞ changes with the progress of polymerization for r ≠ 1, but the change is not very significant for the high conversion region. The degree of branching at large k limit, DBk → ∞, is always larger than DBn → ∞, but the relationship DBk → ∞ = DBn → ∞ holds at 100% conversion.
Stability of a general adaptive immunity virus dynamics model with multistages of infected cells and two routes of infection
Authors: Elaiw Ahmed , AlShamrani Noura
Published: November 2019

This paper studies an (n+4)‐dimensional nonlinear virus dynamics model that characterizes the interactions of the viruses, susceptible host cells,n‐stages of infected cells, B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells. Both viral and cellular infections have been incorporated into the model. The infected‐susceptible and virus‐susceptible infection rates as well as the generation and removal rates of all compartments are described by general nonlinear functions. Five threshold parameters are computed, which insure the existence of the equilibria of the model under consideration. A set of conditions on the general functions has been established, which is sufficient to investigate the global dynamics of the model. The global asymptotic stability of all equilibria is proven by utilizing Lyapunov function and LaSalle's invariance principle. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations of the model with specific forms of the general functions.
Two‐derivative Runge‐Kutta methods with optimal phase properties
Authors: Kalogiratou Zacharoula , Monovasilis Theodore , Simos Theodore E.
Published: November 2019

In this work, we consider two‐derivative Runge‐Kutta methods for the numerical integration of first‐order differential equations with oscillatory solution. We construct methods with constant coefficients and special properties as minimum phase‐lag and amplification errors with three and four stages. All methods constructed have fifth algebraic order. We also present methods with variable coefficients with zero phase‐lag and amplification errors. In order to examine the efficiency of the new methods, we use four well‐known oscillatory test problems.
Multispectral satellite imagery processing to recognize the archaeological features: The NW part of Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy)
Authors: Mangiameli Michele , Candiano Alessio , Fargione Gabriele , Gennaro Andrea , Mussumeci Giuseppe
Published: November 2019

We propose a new GIS‐based procedure to retrieve archaeological elements using satellite remote sensing. The processing of multispectral satellite images consists in a preprocessing phase using the pansharpening technique to improve the spatial quality and in the exploitation of linear equations of the initial spectral bands with the aim of generating accurate and precise raster data that can be used as input for an object classification. The proposed methodology has been tested in an archaeological area located on the north‐west flank of Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy).
Design, fabrication, and testing of a helical antenna using 3D printing technology
Authors: Ghassemiparvin Behnam , Ghalichechian Nima
Published: November 2019

We report the design, fabrication, and measurements of a circularly polarized 3D‐printed helical antenna operating at 5 GHz. Several commercially‐available dielectric printers and materials (eg, PLA, ABS, PC) were evaluated for the fabrication process. Metallization was performed with nickel electroless plating followed by copper electroplating. Fabrication and metallization process completed within 24 hours. Maximum gain of the antenna is measured as 13.9 dBic at broadside (RHCP). Measured efficiency of the antenna is 89.1% which shows the effectiveness of our metallization process. The results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid fabrication of lightweight and high efficient antennas using 3D printer technology.
Magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and metabolic disorders: Summary from the 2019 ISMRM Workshop
Authors: Hu Houchun H. , Branca Rosa Tamara , Hernando Diego , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Machann Jürgen , McKenzie Charles A. , Wu Holden H. , Yokoo Takeshi , Velan S. Sendhil
Published: November 2019

More than 100 attendees from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened in Singapore for the 2019 ISMRM‐sponsored workshop on MRI of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The scientific program brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers, trainees, and clinicians and included sessions in diabetes and insulin resistance; an update on recent advances in water–fat MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods; with applications in skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and adipose tissue quantification; a summary of recent findings in brown adipose tissue; new developments in imaging fat in the fetus, placenta, and neonates; the utility of liver elastography in obesity studies; and the emerging role of radiomics in population‐based “big data” studies. The workshop featured keynote presentations on nutrition, epidemiology, genetics, and exercise physiology. Forty‐four proffered scientific abstracts were also presented, covering the topics of brown adipose tissue, quantitative liver analysis from multiparametric data, disease prevalence and population health, technical and methodological developments in data acquisition and reconstruction, newfound applications of machine learning and neural networks, standardization of proton density fat fraction measurements, and X‐nuclei applications. The purpose of this article is to summarize the scientific highlights from the workshop and identify future directions of work.
Near‐silent distortionless DWI using magnetization‐prepared RUFIS
Authors: Yuan Jianmin , Hu Yuxin , Menini Anne , Sandino Christopher M. , Sandberg Jesse , Sheth Vipul , Moran Catherine J. , Alley Marcus , Lustig Michael , Hargreaves Brian , Vasanawala Shreyas
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To develop a near‐silent and distortionless DWI (sd‐DWI) sequence using magnetization‐prepared rotating ultrafast imaging sequence.

Methods

A rotating ultrafast imaging sequence was modified with driven‐equilibrium diffusion preparation, including eddy‐current compensation methods. To compensate for the T1 recovery during readout, a phase‐cycling method was used. Both compensation methods were validated in phantoms. The optimized sequence was compared with an EPI diffusion sequence for image distortion, contrast, ADC, and acoustic noise level in phantoms. The sequence was evaluated in 1 brain volunteer, 5 prostate volunteers, and 10 pediatric patients with joint diseases.

Results

Combination of several eddy‐current compensation methods reduced the artifact to an acceptable level. Phase cycling reduced T1 recovery contamination during readout. In phantom scans, the optimized sequence generated similar image contrast to the EPI diffusion sequence, and ADC maps between the sequences were comparable; sd‐DWI had significantly lower acoustic noise (P < .05). In vivo brain scan showed reduced image distortion in sd‐DWI compared with the EPI diffusion, although residual motion artifact remains due to brain pulsation. The prostate scans showed that sd‐DWI can provide similar ADC compared with EPI diffusion, with no image distortion. Patient scans showed that the sequence can clearly depict joint lesions.

Conclusion

An sd‐DWI sequence was developed and optimized. Compared with conventional EPI diffusion, sd‐DWI provided similar diffusion contrast, accurate ADC measurement, improved image quality, and minimal ambient scanning noise. The sequence showed the ability to obtain in vivo diffusion contrast in relatively motion‐free body regions, such as prostate and joint.
Autonomous cryogenic RF receive coil for 13C imaging of rodents at 3 T
Authors: Sánchez‐Heredia Juan Diego , Baron Rafael , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Laustsen Christoffer , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Ardenkjær‐Larsen Jan Henrik
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To develop an autonomous, in‐bore, MR‐compatible cryostat cooled with liquid nitrogen that provides full‐day operation, and to demonstrate that the theoretical signal‐to‐noise benefit can be achieved for 13C imaging at 3 T (32.13 MHz).

Methods

The cryogenic setup uses a vacuum‐insulated fiberglass cryostat, which indirectly cools a cold finger where the RF coil is attached. The cryostat was evacuated before use and had a reservoir of liquid nitrogen for full‐day operation. A 30 × 40 mm2 copper coil was mounted inside the cryostat with a 3‐mm distance to the sample. Two examples of in vivo experiments of rat brain metabolism after a hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate injection are reported.

Results

A coil Q‐factor ratio of Q88K/Q290K = 550/280 was obtained, and the theoretical SNR enhancement was verified with MR measurements. We achieved a coil temperature of 88 K and a preamplifier temperature of 77 K. A 2‐fold overall SNR enhancement was achieved, compared with the best case at room temperature. The thermal performance of the coil was adequate for in vivo experiments, with an autonomy of 5 hours consuming 6 L of LN2, extendable to over 12 hours by LN2 refilling.

Conclusion

Cryogenic surface coils can be highly beneficial for 13C imaging, provided that the coil‐to‐sample distance remains short. An autonomous, in‐bore cryostat was developed that achieved the theoretical improvement in SNR.
Is the strong desire to void a source of diverted attention in healthy adult volunteers?
Authors: Gibson William , Morrison Rachael , Wagg Adrian , Hunter Kathleen F.
Published: November 2019

Aims

The strong desire to void (SDV) induces changes in both cognition and gait. This may be due to the sensation of urinary urge acting as a source of diverted attention. This exploratory study examined the influence of SDV and a standardized distracting task on the performance of two measures of cognition, a simple reaction time (SRT) test and the trail making B test (TMT‐B).

Methods

18 volunteers, 8 male and 10 female, without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (mean age: 20.5, range: 20‐47), performed a test of SRT and the TMT‐B under three conditions; undistracted with an empty bladder, while experiencing SDV, and when performing a simultaneous distracting task, the auditory n back test.

Results

A statistically significant increase in SRT was found when experiencing SDV and when distracted compared with the undistracted, bladder empty condition. The time taken to compete the TMT‐B significantly increased with distraction but was not affected by SDV.

Conclusion

SDV induced a similar but smaller change in reaction time when compared with a distracting task, suggesting that SDV may act as a source of diverted attention in continent, healthy volunteers.
Changes in bladder function with time following cystostomy in rats
Authors: He Yu Lin , Chen Yan , Wen Yi Bo , Zhai Rong Qun , Ma Yuan , Wang Jian Jian , Pu Qing Song , Sihoe Jennifer D. , Franco Israel , Wen Jian Guo
Published: November 2019

Aims

To investigate bladder function patterns following cystostomy and determine the best time window for cystometric evaluation of bladder function in conscious rats.

Materials and Methods

Cystostomy was performed in rats of the first seven groups; thereafter, cystometry was performed in the designed time interval. Noncystostomy rats of group 8 voided freely as control. Basal bladder pressure (Pves.basal), maximum bladder pressure (Pves.max), bladder threshold pressure (Pves.thre), voiding interval (VI), bladder contraction duration (CD), bladder compliance (ΔC), voided volume (VV), postvoiding residual urine (PVR), and bladder capacity (BC) were recorded and compared with cystostomy groups, with VV, PVR, BC compared with the control values. Bladders were collected after the urodynamic study for weighing, hematoxylin‐eosin, and Masson staining to investigate pathological changes.

Results

Pves.basal, Pves.max, and Pves.thre trended downward, while BC, VI, VV, and ΔC trended upward on days 1 to 5 postcystostomy. BC and VV significantly decreased on days 1 to 3 postcystostomy compared with control values; on days 5 to 15 postcystostomy, Pves.basal, Pves.max, Pves.thre, VI, VV, BC, and PVR were stable, and BC, VV, and PVR showed no significant differences from the control values. However, on day 21 postcystostomy, BC increased significantly compared with the controls. Bladder weight increased in the cystostomy groups compared with the controls. Pathological analysis showed severe acute bladder inflammation on days 1 to 3, mild inflammation on days 5 to 15, and increased collagen deposition in bladder tissue on day 21 postcystostomy.

Conclusion

Cystometric evaluation of bladder function in conscious rats is best performed on days 5 to 15 postcystostomy.
A nationwide cohort study of hospital contacts after surgical treatment for urinary incontinence
Authors: Foss Hansen Margrethe , Bóel Sigurdardòttir Hrefna , Oren Gradel Kim , Schiøler Kesmodel Ulrik , Lose Gunnar
Published: November 2019

Aims

The aim was to assess complications of urinary incontinence (UI) for women who had a hospital contact within 30 days and to evaluate the conventional method of classifying complications vs grading complications into the Clavien‐Dindo classification (CDC) system.

Methods

A historical cohort study based on a nationwide population of women who had hospital contact within 30 days of surgical treatment for UI during a 5‐year period.

Results

There were 874 (16.2%) hospital contacts to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, among 5393 procedures. For retropubic midurethral sling (RPMUS) and transobturator midurethral sling (TOMUS), the most common reasons for hospital contacts were voiding dysfunction, self‐reported pain within 14 days and acute cystitis and for urethral injection therapy (UIT) persisting UI, acute cystitis, and voiding dysfunction. Voiding dysfunction requiring surgery, use of catheter or both, occurred more frequently in women who had RPMUS as compared with TOMUS (30.5% vs 21.7%; P = .01). Women, who received RPMUS and TOMUS, had surgical complications classified as up to CD IIIb, whereas women who had UIT were classified as up to CD II.

Conclusions

Sixteen percent of the women had a hospital contact within 30 days. A more obstructive character of RPMUS than for TOMUS was indicated, as more women with voiding dysfunction required surgery or catheter following RPMUS. The CDC system in its current form does not improve the overall characterization of complications in terms of type and severity following synthetic midurethral sling and UIT treatment.
Electrospun polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofibrous conduit for biomedical application
Authors: Jafari Sahar , Hosseini Salekdeh Seyyedeh Sahar , Solouk Atefeh , Yousefzadeh Maryam
Published: November 2019

Nanostructured biomaterials have great potential in the field of biomedical engineering. Efforts for treatment of cardiovascular diseases focused on introducing vascular substitutes that are nonthrombogenic and have long‐term patency, but still there is not any perfect replacement for clinical use. In this study, nanostructure tubes of a commonly known biocompatible polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were prepared via electrospinning process using small diameter mandrel as a collector with two different speeds. The nanofibers (NFs) morphologies' physical and mechanical properties were investigated according to scanning electron microscope (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), porosity measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile test. Finer NFs, more percentage of crystallinity, and superior mechanical properties were observed for samples prepared by higher speed mandrel. Since both samples stimulated platelet adhesion and activation, further surface modification with sodium nitrate as nitric oxide (NO) donor was done using two different approaches: dip‐coating and electrospraying. The modified NFs were evaluated via SEM, WCA, tensile test, platelets, and cell adhesion. The results showed more hydrophilicity, reduction in platelet adhesion, and improved blood compatibility for eNO‐HS (electrosprayed NO for higher collector speed) compared with other samples implying the promising potential of this fabrication and modification technique for improving PET‐based cardiovascular substitutes.
A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for Mg2+ based on a diarylethene with a quinoxaline unit
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Li Hui , Jiang Duohua , Pu Shouzhi
Published: November 2019

A new fluorescent probe 1O was synthesized through linking diarylethene and Quinoxaline‐2‐hydraqzide group, probe 1O showed a selective “off‐on” fluorescent response toward Mg2+. In the presence of Mg2+, the probe 1O displayed a distinct change of fluorescence color, from dark to green, the fluorescence intensity increased 6.8‐fold, and meanwhile, emission peak has a significant blue shift, which was shifted from 524 nm to 518 nm. Then, on account of the fluorescence properties of compound 1O, we designed a logic gate. On top of that, probe 1O also can be successfully used to monitor Mg2+ of the actual water samples.
Topological Signatures in the Hall Effect of SrRuO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 SLs
Authors: Ziese Michael , Bern Francis , Esquinazi Pablo D. , Lindfors-Vrejoiu Ionela
Published: November 2019

Noncollinear spin textures such as skyrmions lead to a novel Hall effect contribution called the topological Hall effect. In recent years, research has focused on the Weyl metal SrRuO3 with topological signatures reported for SrRuO3 layers adjacent to layers with strong spin–orbit coupling. However, SrRuO3 films are known to be prone to structural modifications when interfaced with different materials. In this work the Hall effect of SrRuO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 superlattices (SLs) is correlated with structural and magnetic information to study whether a topological Hall effect is induced by interfacing to ferromagnetic layers. High‐quality SLs with ultrathin layers are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 substrates. The symmetry of the SrRuO3 layers is studied by angular magnetoresistance measurements and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy by magnetization measurements. Two SLs are compared in detail, both with 8 unit cell thick SrRuO3 layers, but with La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layers 2 and 4 unit cell thick. Only the sample with 2 unit cell thick manganite layers shows features resembling a topological Hall effect. Depending on the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer thickness the SrRuO3 crystalline symmetry is orthorhombic or tetragonal. The results indicate that the topological Hall effect features arise from an intricate interplay between magnetocrystalline anisotropy and antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling.
Crown daisy leaf waste–derived carbon dots: A simple and green fluorescent probe for copper ion
Authors: Xiao‐Yan Wang , Xue‐Yan Hu , Tian‐Qi Wang , Xu‐Cheng Fu
Published: November 2019

In this paper, N‐doped carbon quantum dots (N‐CDs) were fabricated using crown daisy leaves, a kitchen waste, as carbon source. The synthesized N‐CDs possessed abundant surface functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, and had good dispersibility in water. Because of the special fluorescence quenching property toward Cu2+, the synthesized N‐CDs can be exploited as an effective label‐free fluorescent probe for Cu2+ determination. The possible fluorescence sensing mechanism considered the selective coordination interaction between Cu2+ ion and the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups of the N‐CDs. The control experiments also showed that the N‐doped aromatic C–N heterocycle structure played a crucial role in selective sensing of Cu2+. The decrease in fluorescence efficiencies was linearly related with the Cu2+ concentrations in the range of 10.0nM to 120.0nM, with a response limit of 1.0nM. The prepared probe was also applied for Cu2+ determination in real river water.
Thermodynamically Stable Mesoporous C3N7 and C3N6 with Ordered Structure and Their Excellent Performance for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kim In Young , Kim Sungho , Premkumar Selvarajan , Yang Jae‐Hun , Umapathy Siva , Vinu Ajayan
Published: November 2019

Carbon nitrides with a high N/C atomic ratio (>2) are expected to offer superior basicity and unique electronic properties. However, the synthesis of these nanostructures is highly challenging since many parts of the CN frameworks in the carbon nitride should be replaced with thermodynamically less stable NN frameworks as the nitrogen content increases. Thermodynamically stable C3N7 and C3N6 with an ordered mesoporous structure are synthesized at 250 and 300 °C respectively via a pyrolysis process of 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole (5‐ATTZ). Polymerization of the precursor to the ordered mesoporous C3N7 and C3N6 is clearly proved by X‐ray and electron diffraction analyses. A combined analysis including diverse spectroscopy and FDMNES and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrates that the NN bonds are stabilized in the form of tetrazine and/or triazole moieties in the C3N7 and C3N6. The ordered mesoporous C3N7 represents the better oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performances (onset potential: 0.81 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), electron transfer number: 3.9 at 0.5 V vs RHE) than graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and the ordered mesoporous C3N6. The study on the mechanism of ORR suggests that nitrogen atoms in the tetrazine moiety of the ordered mesoporous C3N7 act as active sites for its improved ORR activity.
Automatic recommendation to appropriate log levels
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Kim Suntae , Park Sooyong , Park YoungBeom
Published: November 2019

A log statement is one of the key tactics for a developer to record and monitor important run‐time behaviors of our system in a development phase and a maintenance phase. It composes of a message for stating log contents, and a log level (eg,debugorwarn) to denote the severity of a message and controlling its visibility at run time. In spite of its usefulness, a developer does not tend to deeply consider which log level is appropriate in writing source code, which causes the system to be unmaintainable. To address this issue, this paper proposes an automatic approach to validating the appropriateness of the log level in consideration of the semantic and syntactic features and recommending a proper alternative log level. We first build the semantic feature vector to quantify the semantic similarity among application log messages using the word vector space, and the syntactic feature vector to capture the application context that surrounds the log statement. Based on the feature vectors and machine learning techniques, the log level is automatically validated, and an alternative log level is recommended if the log level is invalid. For the evaluation, we collected 22 open‐source projects from three application domains, and obtained the 77% of precision and 75% of recall in validating the log levels. Also, our approach showed 6% higher accuracy than that of the developer group who has 7 to 8 years of work experience, and 72% of the developers accepted our recommendation.
Full‐scale tests of precast concrete beam‐column connections with composite T‐beams and cast‐in‐place columns subjected to cyclic loading
Authors: Xue Weichen , Yang Xinlei , Hu Xiang
Published: November 2019

The precast concrete beam‐column connections investigated herein, designed and detailed to be emulative connections, consisted of composite concrete T‐beams and cast‐in‐place (CIP) concrete columns. This paper reported the test results of two full‐scale precast connections and two CIP control specimens under cyclic loading. Results revealed that all connections exhibited a strong column‐weak beam failure mechanism. The hysteresis loops of each precast connection were relatively plump and similar to those of its CIP control specimen, showing good energy dissipation capacity. The difference in load‐carrying capacity between precast connections and their CIP control specimens was about 6.5% for interior connections and about −2.2% for exterior connections. The average displacement ductility of precast interior connection and its CIP control specimen was 5.69 and 6.88, while that of precast exterior connection and its CIP control specimen was 4.18 and 4.40, respectively. A four‐fold line restoring force model was developed based on the test results.
“I'm just not that great at science”: Science self‐efficacy in arts and communication students
Authors: McBride Eileen , Oswald W. Wyatt , Beck Lindsey A. , Vashlishan Murray Amy
Published: November 2019

Research in science education confirms the importance of self‐efficacy in students' persistence and success in the sciences. The current study examined the role of science self‐efficacy in nonspecialist, arts and communication‐oriented students encountering science in a general education context. Participants (N = 275) completed a beginning‐ and end‐of‐semester survey including a Science Self‐Efficacy Scale, a “connection to science” measure—the Inclusion of Science in Self Scale—and a Science Anxiety Scale. Participants also responded to two open‐ended “sources of science efficacy” questions, and provided background/demographic information and access to their academic records. Results showed a significant increase in science self‐efficacy and connection to science—although no change in science anxiety—over the course of the semester. The observed shift in self‐efficacy for minority and international students was of particular note. These students started the course with lower confidence but, by the end of the semester, reported comparable science self‐efficacy, and achieved similar grades to their White/Non‐Hispanic and US resident classmates. Contrary to expectations, science self‐efficacy did not predict performance in the class. However, students' self‐reported sources of efficacy indicated increased confidence in using science in daily life, and confirmed the value of mastery experiences and of personally meaningful, student‐centered course design in scaffolding student confidence. Results are discussed in terms of the individual and instructional factors that support science self‐efficacy and student success in this unique, general education science environment.
Stabilization and regularity transmission of a Schrödinger equation through boundary connections with a Kelvin‐Voigt damped beam equation
Authors: Guo Bao‐Zhu , Ren Han‐Jing
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study stability for a Schrödinger equation interacted by an Euler‐Bernoulli beam equation with Kelvin‐Voigt damping through weak boundary connections. It is shown that the whole coupled system is well‐posed. With a careful spectral analysis, it is shown that the system operator of the closed‐loop system is not of compact resolvent and the spectrum consists of three branches. By means of asymptotic analysis, the asymptotic expressions of eigenfunctions are obtained. The Riesz basis property and exponential stability of the system are concluded by comparison method in Riesz basis approach. Finally, we show that the associated C0‐semigroup is of Gevery class which is a remarkable difference with the related literature.
An Introduction to Personalized eHealth
Authors: Sebri Valeria , Savioni Lucrezia
Published: November 2019

Personalized medicine can be defined as the adaptation of medical treatments to the specific characteristics of patients. This approach allows health providers to develop therapies and interventions by taking into account the heterogeneity of illnesses and external factors such as the environment, patients’ needs, and lifestyle. Technology could play an important role to achieve this new approach to medicine. An example of technology’s utility regards real-time monitoring of individual well-being (subjective and objective), in order to improve disease management through data-driven personalized treatment recommendations. Another important example is an interface designed based on patient’s capabilities and preferences. These could improve patient-doctor communication: on one hand, patients have the possibility to improve health decision-making; on the other hand, health providers could coordinate care services more easily, because of continual access to patient’s data. This contribution deepens these technologies and related opportunities for health, as well as recommendation for successful development and implementation.
Halving ISO(7) supergravity
Authors: Guarino Adolfo , Tarrío Javier , Varela Oscar
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Half-maximal, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, sectors of D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity with a dyonic ISO(7) gauging are investigated. We focus on a half-maximal sector including three vector multiplets, that arises as a certain SO(3)R-invariant sector of the full theory. We discuss the embedding of this sector into the largest half-maximal sector of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity retaining six vector multiplets. We also provide its canonical $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 formulation and show that, from this perspective, our model leads in its own right to a new explicit gauging of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supergravity. Finally, expressions for the restricted duality hierarchy are given and the vacuum structure is investigated. Five new non-supersymmetric AdS vacua are found numerically. The previously known $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 AdS vacua are also contained in our $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 model. Unlike when embedded in previously considered sectors with fewer fields, these vacua exhibit their full $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 supersymmetry within our $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 model.
Perturbation Gadgets: Arbitrary Energy Scales from a Single Strong Interaction
Authors: Bausch Johannes
Published: November 2019

Fundamentally, it is believed that interactions between physical objects are two-body. Perturbative gadgets are one way to break up an effective many-body coupling into pairwise interactions: a Hamiltonian with high interaction strength introduces a low-energy space in which the effective theory appearsk-body and approximates a target Hamiltonian to within precision$$\epsilon $$ϵ. One caveat of existing constructions is that the interaction strength generally scales exponentially in the locality of the terms to be approximated. In this work we propose a many-body Hamiltonian construction which introduces only a single separate energy scale of order$$\Theta (1/N^{2+\delta })$$Θ(1/N2+δ), for a small parameter$$\delta >0$$δ>0, and forNterms in the target Hamiltonian$$\mathbf H_\mathrm {t}=\sum _{i=1}^N \mathbf h_i$$Ht=∑i=1Nhito be simulated: in its low-energy subspace, our constructed system can approximate any such target Hamiltonian$$\mathbf H_t$$Htwith norm ratios$$r=\max _{i,j\in \{1,\ldots ,N\}}\Vert \mathbf h_i\Vert / \Vert \mathbf h_j \Vert ={{\,\mathrm{O}\,}}(\exp (\exp ({{\,\mathrm{poly}\,}}N)))$$r=maxi,j∈{1,…,N}‖hi‖/‖hj‖=O(exp(exp(polyN)))to withinrelativeprecision$${{\,\mathrm{O}\,}}(N^{-\delta })$$O(N-δ). This comes at the expense of increasing the locality by at most one, and adding an at most poly-sized ancillary system for each coupling; interactions on the ancillary system are geometrically local, and can be translationally invariant. In order to prove this claim, we borrow a technique from high energy physics—where matter fields obtain effective properties (such as mass) from interactions with an exchange particle—and employ a tiling Hamiltonian to discard all cross-terms at higher expansion orders of a Feynman–Dyson series expansion. As an application, we discuss implications for QMA-hardness of theLocal Hamiltonianproblem, and argue that “almost” translational invariance—defined as arbitrarily small relative variations of the strength of the local terms—is as good as non-translational invariance in many of the constructions used throughout Hamiltonian complexity theory. We furthermore show that the choice of geared limit of many-body systems, where e.g. width and height of a lattice are taken to infinity in a specific relation, can have different complexity-theoretic implications: even for translationally invariant models, changing the geared limit can vary the hardness of finding the ground state energy with respect to a given promise gap from computationally trivial, to QMAEXP-, or even BQEXPSPACE-complete.
Water-Soluble Ionic Characteristics of Aerosols in the Marine Boundary Layer over the Yellow Sea during the KORUS-AQ Campaign
Authors: Cha Joo Wan , Shin Beomchel , Ko Hee-Jung , Lim Yun Kyu , Ryoo Sang-Boom
Published: November 2019

Major compositions of water-soluble ionic species in particulate matter less than 10 and 2.5 μm in diameter (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively) over the Yellow Sea were collected during the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign in 2016 onboard the research vessel Gisang 1. The secondary ionic species (NH4+, nss-SO42−, and NO3−) in PM10 and PM2.5 accounted for 84% and 89% of the total analyzed species. NH4+ was strongly correlated with non-sea salt (nss) SO42− (nss-SO42−) in PM10 and PM2.5; NO3− was closely correlated with Na+, Mg2+, and nss-Ca2+ in PM10 and NH4+ in PM2.5. High mass concentrations of methane sulfonic acid (MSA, CH3SO3−), the main source of natural sulfates over the Yellow Sea, were observed. The concentrations of MSA were found to show an increasing trend over the Yellow Sea in recent years. Biogenic sulfur contributions to the total nss-SO42− (MSA/nss-SO42− ratio) over the Yellow Sea ranged from 1.4% to 9.2% in PM10 and from 0.68% to 9.5% in PM2.5 during the cruise. Thus, biogenic nss-SO42− must be included, especially in the spring and early summer seasons, when biological activities are elevated in Northeast Asia. We classified the high aerosol mass concentration cases such as Asian dust and haze cases. In Asian dust cases, the ratio of NO3− to nss-SO42− in the aerosols showed that mobile (stationary) sources mainly affected PM10 (PM2.5). The major chemical species for Asian dust cases over the Yellow sea were CaCO3, Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Na(NO3)2, and sea salt. In haze cases over the Yellow sea, the contributions from stationary sources are high and the major species were (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively.
Can Dietary Fiber Intake Be Increased through Nutritional Education and through Subsidies on Selected Food Products?
Authors: Senia Mark Christopher , Dharmasena Senarath , Capps Oral
Published: November 2019

Consumers in the United States fall short of meeting the recommended guideline for dietary fiber intake. Using a quarterly panel of households from Nielsen for the years 2004 through 2014, we employ a Heckman two-step approach to estimate nine panel regressions concerning per person fiber intakes derived from various food categories to uncover the importance of prices as well as socioeconomic and demographic factors. Prices play a prominent role in the per person intake of dietary fiber derived from the respective food products considered. Households below poverty thresholds had lower intakes of fiber relative to households above poverty thresholds. Ethnicity, race, age of the household head, region, and the presence of children also had significant effects on dietary fiber derived from the respective food categories. A proposed 20 percent subsidy applied to fruits and vegetables would increase per person intake of fiber by 9.4 percent. Therefore, if one were to consider meeting the dietary fiber requirement only through the provision of a subsidy, a large subsidy applied to fruits and vegetables would be required. Therefore, given the complex nature of the various factors affecting the intake of dietary fiber, the feasibility of using subsidies alone to increase the intake of dietary fiber is called into question.
Platonic Laws of Nature
Authors: Hildebrand Tyler
Published: November 2019

David Armstrong accepted the following three theses: universals are immanent, laws are relations between universals, and laws govern. Taken together, they form an attractive position, for they promise to explain regularities in nature—one of the most important desiderata for a theory of laws and properties—while remaining compatible with naturalism. However, I argue that the three theses are incompatible. The basic idea is that each thesis makes an explanatory claim, but the three claims can be shown to run in a problematic circle. I then consider which thesis we ought to reject (hint: see the title) and suggest some general lessons for the metaphysics of laws.
Qualitative Posttreatment Diffusion-Weighted Imaging as a Predictor of 90-day Outcome in Stroke Intervention
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A , Alrashed Abdullah , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Daghighi Shadi , Waggas Ghouth , Rezaie Aria , Heyn Chinthaka , Yu Amy , Aviv Richard I , Da Costa Leodante , Yang Victor XD
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

The aim was to assess the ability of post-treatment diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to predict 90-day functional outcome in patients with endovascular therapy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods:

We examined a retrospective cohort from March 2016 to January 2018, of consecutive patients with AIS who received EVT. Planimetric DWI was obtained and infarct volume calculated. Four blinded readers were asked to predict modified Rankin Score (mRS) at 90 days post-thrombectomy.

Results:

Fifty-one patients received endovascular treatment (mean age 65.1 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 18). Mean infarct volume was 43.7 mL. The baseline NIHSS, 24-hour NIHSS, and the DWI volume were lower for the mRS 0–2 group. Also, the thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b/3 rate was higher in the mRS 0–2 group. No differences were found in terms of the occlusion level, reperfusion technique, or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator use. There was a significant association noted between average infarct volume and mRS at 90 days. On multivariable analysis, higher infarct volume was significantly associated with 90-day mRS 3–5 when adjusted to TICI scores and occlusion location (OR 1.01; CI 95% 1.001–1.03; p = 0.008). Area under curve analysis showed poor performance of DWI volume reader ability to qualitatively predict 90-day mRS.

Conclusion:

The subjective impression of DWI as a predictor of clinical outcome is poorly correlated when controlling for premorbid status and other confounders. Qualitative DWI by experienced readers both overestimated the severity of stroke for patients who achieved good recovery and underestimated the mRS for poor outcome patients. Infarct core quantitation was reliable.
Antibiotic assessment at hospital discharge—Room for stewardship intervention
Authors: Barnett Susanne Gapen , Lata Paul , Kavalier Meredith , Crnich Christopher , Balasubramanian Prakash
Published: November 2019

Our stewardship team evaluated 19 months of discharge antibiotic prescriptions to determine prescribing appropriateness and to characterize the interventions made. Intervention occurred in 9.7% of patients, with a 58% acceptance rate. Most interventions were educational (antibiotic course was complete at time of intervention). Discharge antibiotic review is a potential stewardship tool.
Filling a gap in the proboscidean fossil record: a new genus from the Lutetian of Senegal
Authors: Tabuce Rodolphe , Sarr Raphaël , Adnet Sylvain , Lebrun Renaud , Lihoreau Fabrice , Martin Jeremy E. , Sambou Bernard , Thiam Mustapha , Hautier Lionel
Published: November 2019

A long hiatus encompassing most of the Eocene (end of the Ypresian to the early Priabonian) breaks up the proboscidean evolutionary history, which is otherwise documented by a rich fossil record. Only two post-Ypresian localities from West Africa (Mali and Senegal) have yielded scarceMoeritherium-like dental remains. Here, we study one of these remains from Senegal and name a new genus and species,Saloumia gorodiskii. This taxon, confidently mid-Lutetian in age, evokesMoeritheriumand elephantiforms with its wrinkled enamel, lack of centrocrista, and strong lingual cingulum. However, due to its pronounced bunodonty, which departs from the bunolophodonty of bothMoeritheriumand elephantiforms, we cannot exclude the possibility thatSaloumiadocuments an early experiment in dental diversity among Paleocene–Eocene proboscideans, without direct relationships with later proboscideans.

UUID:http://www.zoobank.org/0b6b83f8-817d-498c-a672-8ffa8f81a978
EQUIVARIANT -MODULES ON ALTERNATING SENARY 3-TENSORS
Authors: LŐRINCZ ANDRÁS C. , PERLMAN MICHAEL
Published: November 2019

We consider the space $X=\bigwedge ^{3}\mathbb{C}^{6}$ of alternating senary 3-tensors, equipped with the natural action of the group $\operatorname{GL}_{6}$ of invertible linear transformations of $\mathbb{C}^{6}$. We describe explicitly the category of $\operatorname{GL}_{6}$-equivariant coherent ${\mathcal{D}}_{X}$-modules as the category of representations of a quiver with relations, which has finite representation type. We give a construction of the six simple equivariant ${\mathcal{D}}_{X}$-modules and give formulas for the characters of their underlying $\operatorname{GL}_{6}$-structures. We describe the (iterated) local cohomology groups with supports given by orbit closures, determining, in particular, the Lyubeznik numbers associated to the orbit closures.