bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical features, endoscopic and manometric findings in patients with ineffective esophageal motility
Authors: Soheilipour Maryam , Aria Amir , Momenzadeh Mahnaz , Tabesh Elham , Adibi Sedeh Peyman
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) is an esophageal motility disorder (EMD) and the most prevalent abnormality routinely observed in esophageal manometry. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of IEM patients and the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and surgical treatments on their conditions. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan in 2019-2020 on 40 patients diagnosed with IEM. We collected patient demographic information (age, gender, previous medical history, medications, and duration of the current problem) and clinical manifestations (clinical symptoms of patients including dysphagia, heartburn, food and acid regurgitation, chest pain and belching) prior to and following PPI or surgical treatment. Results: Approximately 65% of patients presented with dysphagia and heartburn, 55% had food and acid regurgitation, 47.5% had belching, and 55% had chest pain. Post-treatment findings revealed that only the recurrence of food and acid regurgitation was significantly lower in the PPI treatment group than in the surgical group. Only dysphagia severity was statistically significant in the surgical group compared to other symptoms (P=0.042). In the PPI group, the severity of heartburn (P=0.007), dysphagia (P<0.001), food and acid regurgitation (P=0.007), and chest pain (P=0.027) decreased significantly compared to baseline. Conclusion: This study showed that the common clinical manifestations of IEM were dysphagia, heartburn, food and acid regurgitation, and belching. Moreover, treatment with PPI resulted in more significant improvements than surgical treatment.
Apigenin role against thioacetamide-triggered liver fibrosis: Deciphering the PPARγ/TGF-β1/NF-κB and the HIF/FAK/AKT pathways
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Rehab Fawzy , Fayed Hany M , Mohamed Marwan A , Hessin Alyaa F , Asaad Gihan F , AbdelRahman Sahar S , Salama Abeer A , Arbid Mahmoud S , Ogaly Hanan A
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Liver tissue malfunction is a severe worldwide health concern that arises from various chronic liver conditions. The goal of this investigation was to look into the anti-fibrotic effect of apigenin (APG), an antioxidant found in various plants, versus thioacetamide (TAA)-triggered hepatic scarring in rats and the potential mechanisms behind it. Methods: TAA was administered thrice weekly (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for two weeks to produce hepatic scarring. APG was administered after TAA for 14 days (5 or 10 mg/kg, orally). Thereafter, hepatic liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, fibrotic indicators, and histopathological changes were evaluated. Results: TAA increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), reduced albumin and total protein, elevated hepatic level of lipid peroxidation, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and inflammatory cytokines, decreased interleukin-10 (IL-10), reduced hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and elevated serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) expression. Furthermore, TAA increased hepatic contents of collagen I, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), hydroxyproline, and alpha-smooth muscle actin. On the other hand, APG evaded these changes and mitigated the harmful effects of TAA in a dose-dependent way. Histopathological and immunohistochemical observations reinforced these biochemical outcomes. Conclusion: APG can potentially alleviate liver fibrosis mediated via FAK and HIF1 inhibiting signaling pathways.
Protective effect of almond oil and primrose oil on neurochemical and lipid profile in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Sharaf Eman Hassan Abdel aziz , Kamel Enas Ali , Hassan Marwa Mosaad
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Ovariectomies rats were used to assess the preventive effects of almond and primrose oils on their lipid and neurochemical profiles. Methods: The experimental groups were as follows: Group 1: A negative control group. Group 2: Rats given an oral dose of almond oil (800 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 3: Rats given an oral dose of primrose oil (500 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 4: Untreated ovariectomized rats. Group 5: Ovariectomized rats given an oral dose of almond oil (800 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. Group 6: Ovariectomized rats given an oral dose (500 mg/kg/d) of primrose oil daily for 30 days. Results: Oral administration of almond and primrose oils significantly decreased mean (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations and raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the ovariectomized groups compared to group 4 (P < 0.05). They also increased leptin and estradiol (E2) concentrations in groups 5 and 6. Administration of oils showed a marked increase in noradrenalin, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytyramin levels and a marked decrease in PGE2 and COX-2 levels (P < 0.05). Rats given almond and primrose oils revealed minor capillary congestion in the hippocampus in brain sections. Conclusion: Administration of almond or primrose oils may improve central nervous system functions and decrease the risk of cardiovascular illnesses. They also might be effective against atherosclerosis, inflammation, endocrine disorders, and cognitive impairments for women who undergo surgical menopause prior to their natural menopause.
Co-administration of herbal inhibitors of P-glycoprotein with renal drugs enhance their bioavailability– In silico approach
Authors: Roy Chandana , Ghosh Pratiti
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is primarily associated with reduced intracellular drug accumulation owing to overexpression of p-glycoprotein, an active efflux transporter. Competitive inhibition or allosteric modulation of p-glycoprotein may alter the pharmacokinetics of the drugs that serve as substrates, resulting in enhanced drug bioavailability and tissue penetration. This study endeavors to assess the efficacy of the components of reno-protective herbs in the inhibition of p-glycoprotein activity thereby enhancing the possibility of the retention of co-administered renal medications inside the target cells. Methods: Drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties were determined to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal constituents. Molecular docking employing the CDOCKER module of Discovery Studio was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the p-glycoprotein receptor (6C0V). Molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to further assess the stability of the complex of receptors with the component bearing its maximal affinity. Results: The analyses suggested that the inhibitors viz., atisine, kutkin, and embelin from Aconitum heterophyllum, phylloquinone from Calendula officinalis, stigmasterol from Paederia foetida, and convallamarogenin from Convallaria majalis demonstrated maximum binding affinity towards p-glycoprotein. Conclusion: Atisine may thus be identified as the lead compound in the augmentation of drug bioavailability inside the cell, along with its reno-protective efficacy.
The modulatory effects of black chia (Salvia hispanica) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds on Nε-CML formation in streptozotocin-injected rats
Authors: Mohamed Hadeer Saad , Kholief Tahany , Mohamed Radwa Wahid , Abd El-Rhman Amira
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of some plant seeds are considered natural preventives for diabetic-associated glycation. This study is concerned with the evaluation of the bioactive components of black chia and garden cress seeds and the examination of their modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated glycation induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups, 10 rats each: Group 1 (healthy control group); group 2 (diabetic group): rats injected STZ intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia; group 3 and group 4: rats treated (after diabetic induction) with 1 mL (20% w/w) black chia and garden cress seed extract, respectively. Results: STZ injection caused marked hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, glycation, and inflammation condition with disturbance in organs functions and structural alterations in pancreatic tissue, while; treatment with black chia and garden cress seed extracts showed remarkable (P < 0.05) modulatory effects on hyperglycemia and associated disorders. Conclusion: Black chia and garden cress seeds might be used in the management of diabetes and associated glycation.
Spatial memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities of leaf and stem bark methanol extracts of Prunus africana in scopolamine-treated mice
Authors: Ngai David Nyaga , Kibiti Cromwell Mwiti , Ngugi Mathew Piero
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Conventional medicines for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have little efficacy and are linked to several severe effects, necessitating alternative therapy. The current study investigated the memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities of stem bark and leaf MeOH extracts of Prunus africana in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Several inclusions build up in brain tissue during AD progression and the brain clears them oxidatively. This makes the antioxidant activity a vital requirement for plant extracts that are used with great success to manage AD. Methods: In this study, for each plant extract, thirty Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to six groups; extract-treated, reference drug control, normal control, and negative control groups. The mice were then subjected to the Morris water maze task for four consecutive days, euthanized and their whole brains were assessed for antioxidant activities. Results: The studied extracts significantly (P < 0.01) reduced escape latencies of experimental mice in a dose-related manner, depicting their considerable memory-enhancing effects. The extracts also displayed significant (P < 0.01) enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. Conclusion: The leaf and stem bark MeOH extracts of P. africana possess phytocompounds with spatial memory-enhancing effects and antioxidant activities.
Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Patients With Class II Mandibular Deficiency Treated with Farmand Functional Appliance
Authors: Aghili Hossein Agha , Yassaei Soghra , Sharifi Mohadeseh
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Considering the positive effects of a low-level laser on new bone formation, we aimed to investigate the effects of a low-level laser in the treatment of patients with class II mandibular deficiency treated with Farmand functional appliance. Methods: Twenty-two growing patients aged 10-14 years were randomly divided into "Farmand" and "Farmand+Laser" groups. All patients were treated with Farmand functional appliance. Patients in the "Farmand+laser" group were exposed to laser irradiation (980 nm, 100 mw, 4 points around temporomandibular joints, 100 seconds each point) weekly for three months after 3-4 weeks of using the appliance. Lateral cephalometry radiographs were taken from all patients before and after the treatment period, and changes in skeletal and dental parameters were measured. Results: The association of the particular laser irradiation with the functional appliance led to a greater increase in the effective length of the mandible (Co-Gn, P=0.048), the anterior sagittal position of the mandible (SNB, P=0.029), and the length of the ramus (Co-Go, P=0.028), and it showed a further decrease in the discrepancy between the jaws (ANB, P=0.000) compared with the functional appliance alone. Conclusion: The application of the laser with the chosen parameters and protocol in conjunction with the functional appliance improved the effects of the functional appliance and reduced the discrepancy between the two jaws.
Predicting the factors related to cervical cancer screening in secondary school female teachers in Shahrekord: Application of PEN-3 model factors about cervical cancer screening in female teachers
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Mehri Ghahfarokhi Nasim , Karimian Mina , Rabiei Leili
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Cervical cancer screening is one of the essential measures for preventing this disease, and its purpose is to detect lesions in the premalignant stage and reduce the risk of death from this cancer. This study aimed to predict the factors related to cervical cancer screening in secondary school teachers using the PEN-3 model in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on secondary school female teachers in the academic year 2019-2020. The samples were 228 individuals who were selected by convenience random sampling. The research tools were a demographic information checklist, uterine screening performance information, and a questionnaire based on PEN-3 model constructs (perceptual, enabling, and reinforcing factors). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: Regarding cervical cancer screening (Pap smear test), 59.82% of the teachers had a history of undergoing Pap smear tests, of which 35.43% had performed the test regularly. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a direct and significant correlation between PEN-3 model constructs (perceptual, enabling, and reinforcing factors) and a history of cervical cancer screening (P<0.001). In the regression analysis of demographic variables and PEN-3 model constructs, the predictive value of these variables for cervical cancer screening was obtained at 0.57%. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study and given the role of PEN-3 model constructs (perceptual factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing elements) in predicting cervical cancer screening behavior, comprehensive planning for intervention and use of this educational model and gaining knowledge about the cultural and socioeconomic factors for cervical cancer screening seems useful.
Survey of individual readiness of the emergency department nurses in dealing with disasters
Authors: Nimezad Shahba , Khachian Alice , Khoubbin Khoshnazar Tahereh Alsadat , Khayeri Fereydoon
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Examining the preparedness of nurses, including the individual preparedness of emergency nurses, has yet to be investigated. Given the hypocrisy of emergency nurses as the first group of the treatment team in responding to accidents and disasters and reducing the amount of damage to patients, the present study aims to investigate the individual preparedness of emergency nurses of Iran University of Medical Sciences in facing disasters in 2019. Methods: The present study was descriptive-cross-sectional in which the preparedness of 190 nurses in the emergency departments of the teaching and therapeutic hospital affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences was investigated. Data collection was done using a demographic characteristics checklist and the 37-item questionnaire on than individual preparedness of nurses in disasters. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 21 using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean±standard deviation) and to determine statistical significance, inferential statistics (independent t-test, analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Tukey’s test) at a significance level (P value) of<0.05 was used. Results: The study’s results showed that nurses’ preparedness was at a reasonable level. The highest average score was obtained for the teamwork communication skills domain (86.35±14.01), and the lowest average score for the clinical skills in the disaster response phase domain (10.55±20.50) based on 0 to 100 was obtained (P<0.001). Among the demographic variables, age (31.84±5.81 years) and nursing experience in the emergency department (7.02±5.24) had a significant relationship with nurses’ preparedness (P<0.001). Conclusion: Having experience in nursing work and working in the emergency department plays a role in increasing the level of individual preparedness of nurses in disasters. Therefore, the recruitment of experienced staff in the emergency department and their hiring to training less professional staff should be encouraged. Implementing educational programs in the form of theoretical training and the performance of practical programs can effectively improve the level of preparedness of nurses, especially novice and apprenticeship ones, in facing disasters.
The study of the relationship between social capital and mental disorders in children and adolescents in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, Iran
Authors: Jouybari Leila , Tavasol Arian , Hajibeygi Ramtin , Fathi Mobina , Nikrouy Farzad , Mirzabeigi Arefeh , Elahi Soheila , Godarzi Mohammad Reza , Moradi Maryam , Rahmani Khadijeh , Najafi Fateme , Mostafavi Seyed-Ali , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Khaleghi Ali
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Social capital, by encouraging people to collaborate and engage in social interactions, has been considered as an effective factor for development of mental disorders. In the preset study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between different aspects of social capital and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Kohgiloyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. A total of 1001 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years and their parents were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling to participate in the study. The data in the present study were compiled using a Persian translated version of the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) semi-structured questionnaire as well as the Social Capital Questionnaire of Nahapiet and Ghoshal. The raw data were analyzed statistically using Fisher and chi-square tests. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 version. Results: Our results show that better relationship, cooperation, mutual understanding, and commitment are significantly and inversely correlated to psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. In this regard we found that the mutual understanding (P=0.008) and relationships (P=0.001) are strongly related to social capital, while other components may have more or less effects. Conclusion: Our findings show that various aspects of social capital are associated with development of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Some of the social capital components including better relationship, cooperation, mutual understanding, and obligation have significant effects; however, others including networks, values and trust could not exert significant effects on mental health.
The role of online counseling in promoting psychological capital of students in corona isolation
Authors: Pordelan Nooshin , Vakili Samira , Heydari Hamid , Khamsehzadeh Shekoofeh , Hosseinian Simin
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Over the last six months, the use of technology and the internet in Iran is significantly increased due to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the effect of online career counseling on students’ psychological capital (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope) during corona isolation. Methods: The research design was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study included all students who were members of social media (i.e., WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook, and LinkedIn). After the announcement and completion coronavirus anxiety questionnaire, 30 students who had obtained scores higher than the average level were selected and randomly assigned into experimental (15 students) and control (15 students) groups. Results: The findings showed that after the online counseling course, the intervention group outperformed the control group in psychological capital components (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, online counseling can be an effective source for career counselors, especially in developing countries. Besides face-to-face counseling, its services can help students increase their psychological capital.
Comparison of the effect of two interventions of group dialectical behavior therapy and structured matrix treatment on pathological narcissism and craving for drugs among drug abusers
Authors: Basereh Sakineh , Safarzadeh Sahar , Hooman Farzaneh
Published: April 2023

Background and aims: Pathological narcissism is one of the personality disorders in drug abusers, and its main characteristic is self-conceit and lack of empathy and solidarity with others. The present study aimed to compare the effects of group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and structured matrix treatment on pathological narcissism and craving for drugs among drug abusers in Ahvaz. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with control and test groups. The study population consisted of all drug abusers visiting the addiction rehabilitation centers affiliated with the Department of Social Welfare, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. Of them, 75 individuals were selected as the sample through the cluster random sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. Participants in all three groups completed the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) as the pre-test. The first experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of group DBT. Moreover, the second experimental group underwent fourteen 90-minute sessions of structured matrix treatment. Finally, all participants took a post-test, and data were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that both group DBT and structured matrix treatment reduced pathological narcissism and craving for drugs in experimental groups (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the mean scores of pathological narcissism and craving for drugs. Conclusion: As our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of group DBT and structured matrix treatment in reducing pathological narcissism and craving for drug among drug abusers, these two interventions, along with other therapies, are recommended to improve the mental state and reduce craving for drugs among drug abusers.
Evaluating the drug repurposing benefits of clopidogrel against adenine induced chronic renal failure in experimental animals
Authors: Hemani Rahul , Patel Priyal , Patel Sandip , Patel Alkeshkumar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a life-threatening condition which can be defined as a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function associated with inflammation and oxidative stress having limited treatment options. The anti-platelet drug, clopidogrel showed nephroprotective action in 5/6 nephrectomy model, lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and diabetes-induced renal fibrosis. Objectives: In this study we evaluated the effect of clopidogrel on various serum, urine parameters linked with CRF, vascular calcification, electrolyte abnormalities, inflammatory markers and renal histology. Materials and Methods: Seven groups of male Wistar rats were treated with saline normal control), adenine (50 mg/kg, disease control), clopidogrel (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) concomitantly with adenine (preventive regimen), clopidogrel 60 mg/kg from day 15th curative regimen) and acetylcysteine (50 mg/kg) in combination with taurine as standard drug (50 mg/kg) from day 15th in a 4-week model. Following the completion of the treatments, urine, blood, and kidneys were collected from all rats, and then various biochemical, oxidative, and histological parameters were estimated. Results: Adenine administration decreased body weight and kidney function due to injury as indicated by increased markers like serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and potassium in all animals except normal control group. There was a significant difference between disease and test drug groups especially for 60 mg/kg of preventive and curative regimen for all the estimated parameters. Adenine administration caused histopathological alterations, significant reduction in antioxidant indices and initiated a fibrotic response in kidney by increasing the profibrotic protein like transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1). Conclusion: The results suggest that clopidogrel treatment improves majority of the parameters in a dose-dependent manner and the renoprotective effect might be associated with its antioxidant and anti- fibrosis activity.
Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as a crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Mathew Gerry George , Babu Dinesh
Published: April 2023

A 48-year-old male patient presented with dialysis dependent renal failure with biopsy showing crescentic glomerulonephritis and Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT scan) revealing features of pericardial, pulmonary tuberculosis with positive urinary GeneXpert test for tuberculosis bacilli. Clinicians should keep in mind the atypical presentations of tuberculosis while managing rapidly progressive renal failure especially in tropical countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis.
Gender-related differences in IgA nephropathy; an eleven-year experience according to revised Oxford classification
Authors: Valizadeh Rohollah , Mubarak Muhammed , Manouchehrian Raha , Baradaran Azar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common glomerular disease characterized by dominant or co-dominant granular IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangial areas. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the possible gender-related differences in IgAN at a single center in Iran. Patients and Methods: All renal biopsy-proven cases of IgAN during the last 11 years (2009-2020) were studied. All kidney biopsies had two samples for immunofluorescence and light microscopy. Renal biopsies were reviewed using the recently revised Oxford classification of IgAN. In addition to Oxford-MEST morphologic variables, other data consisting of age, gender, serum creatinine and level of proteinuria within 24 hours at the time of biopsy were collected. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 21.0. Results: This study included 246 biopsy-proven cases of IgAN patients with a mean age of 38.23±13.71 years and a male prevalence of 67.1% (n=161). The mean ± SD values of serum creatinine and 24-hour proteinuria were 1.47±1.06 mg/dL and 1753.63±1049.418 mg/d, respectively. Analysis regarding age, serum creatinine, the quantity of 24-hour proteinuria, the number of sclerotic glomeruli, and the percent of interstitial fibrosis showed only serum creatinine to be significantly higher in males than females (P=0.017). Moreover, 24-hour proteinuria was higher in males than females (P=0.047). Our study showed that males have more segmental sclerosis (P=0.023) and more significant IgM deposits than females (P=0.003). The mean scores of IgA, IgG, and C3 deposited immunological reactants were not substantially different between males and females (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that serum creatinine and proteinuria were significantly higher in males. Males also had higher segmental sclerosis on biopsies. Larger-scale research is needed to confirm our results.
The effects of atorvastatin on contrast-induced acute kidney injury; a systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trials
Authors: Saberi Kianoush , Rahnama Sisakht Ali , Sobhani Ghasem , Zandiyeh Faraz , Golvardi Yazdi Mohammad Sadegh , Soltanizadeh Saeed , Rasta Sara , Gharebakhshi Farshad , Khaledi Mohamad
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a major acute renal failure that can be prevented by atorvastatin administration. This study aims to evaluate the association between atorvastatin use and CI-AKI incidence using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Materials and Methods: Several international databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and the Google Scholar search engine, were queried in this study. STATA 14 software was conducted to analyze the data. In this study, standardized mean difference (SMD) index was conducted to investigate the relationship between atorvastatin and serum creatinine level. Results: Twelve clinical trials with a total sample size of 3299 were retrieved. The effect of atorvastatin on serum creatinine levels indicated a SMD of -2.26 (95% CI: -2.53, -1.98) at a dose of 20 mg/kg, -0.76 (95% CI: -1.47, -0.05) at a dose of 40 mg/kg, -2.69 (95% CI: -2.96, -2.42) at a dose of 60 mg/ kg, and -0.03 (95% CI: -0.14, 0.09) at a dose of 80 mg/kg. The effect of atorvastatin use on serum creatinine levels achieved a SMD of -2.72 (95% CI: -3.02, -2.43) in the 40-49 years age group and a SMD of -0.96 (95% CI: -1.73, -0.19) in the 50-59 years age group. The effect of high-dose atorvastatin therapy in reducing the serum creatinine levels, compared to low-dose therapy, was a SMD of -0.54 (95% CI: -1.03, -0.04). However, estimates for the effect of atorvastatin compared to rosuvastatin and placebo showed a SMD of -0.26 (95% CI: -0.76, 0.24) and -1.23 (95% CI: -2.22, -0.25), respectively. The effect of atorvastatin on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels relative to the comparison group was a SMD of -1.10 (95% CI: -1.61, -0.58) and -1.36 (95% CI: -2.30, -0.42) respectively. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with atorvastatin is effective in CI-AKI prevention. High-dose atorvastatin administration at younger ages provides the best outcome for preventing CI-AKI. Meta-analysis Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website (ID: CRD42023397276, available at https:// www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails).
Cardiac alterations following radiation therapy in individuals with breast cancer
Authors: Teimouri Kolsoum , Khoshgard Karim , Rouzbahani Mohammad , Pakravan Samaneh
Published: April 2023

One of the most prevalent cancers in women is breast cancer, which is typically treated with radiation therapy (RT) which can lead to cardiovascular (CV) disease. The severity of these complications depends on the amount of radiation to the heart. In addition to hurting the cardiac tissue, RT also damages the blood vessels. Individuals with left breast cancer have a higher risk of developing CV disease as a result of RT than those with right breast cancer. Furthermore, women with risk factors for heart disease, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, and family history, are more likely to develop CV disease side effects from RT.
A rare case of urosepsis caused by multidrug-resistant Escherichia hermannii in an immunocompetent toddler
Authors: Sarmadian Roham , Yousefichaijan Parsa , Kahbazi Manijeh
Published: April 2023

Escherichia hermannii is a gram-negative bacillus from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The formation of a yellow pigment distinguishes E. hermannii from Escherichia coli in the laboratory. This organism is a rare cause of invasive infections, initially thought to be a colonizer microbe with low- pathogenicity. Our report discusses a case of urosepsis caused by E. hermannii in a 17-month-old female patient with a complaint of fever and irritability and also a history of urinary tract infection (UTI) with nephrolithiasis. The isolated bacterium from urine and blood cultures was multidrug-resistant E. hermannii. The patient’s symptoms were improved after treatment with cotrimoxazole and imipenem. This case provides evidence that E. hermannii can be pathogenic and infect the urinary tract. Moreover, the bacterium isolated from this patient indicates that more resistant E. hermannii strains are forming.
Measuring quality of life among patients with urinary stone disease; A qualitative study
Authors: Ayyad Malik , Ayaad Omar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is considered one of the common causes of emergency hospital admissions. Understanding the patients’ perspectives on their quality of life is essential to evaluating the effectiveness of treatments and technologies. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the quality of life among patients with urinary stone disease. Patients and Methods: A qualitative design was utilized. A purposeful sampling method was used to select the patients. Around 30 participants from patients were selected. The data were collected using semi-structured open-ended interviews with patients. Thematic analysis was utilized to develop the themes. Results: The main themes included pain, other physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, diet, Job-related activities, daily activities and lifestyle, and social and sexual life. The results showed that pain, other physical symptoms, and changes in daily activities and lifestyle were the most reported negative life experiences. In contrast, job-related activities and psychological symptoms were the least reported negative life experience among patients with renal stone disease. The quality of life among patients with first stone former and ureteric stone was affected compared to patients with recurrent and/or renal stones. Conclusion: Our qualitative study provides deep insights into the impact of urinary stone disease on several aspects of quality of life. The findings are expected to aid in the development of patient-centered interventions for individuals suffering from urinary stone disease.
Evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy using urea reduction rate and related factors in Iranian patients’ undergoing hemodialysis in Guilan, Iran
Authors: Yaseri Maryam , Fayazi Haniyeh Sadat , Mortazavi Khatibani Seyyedeh Sahereh , Hajipoor Azin
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Dialysis quality is an important factor in reducing inability and mortality in chronic kidney failure patients and can enhance their life quality and social activity. Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to examine the efficacy of dialysis based on urea reduction rate (URR) and the associated factors in hemodialysis patients due to the lack of clarity on the adequacy of dialysis. Patients and Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on 344 hemodialysis patients over 18 years and referred to seven dialysis centers in Guilan, Iran. The adequacy of dialysis was obtained using URR (>65%) criteria. Results: The mean URR of studied patients was 63 ±10.4%. The desirable dialysis adequacy was reached in 45.9% of the patients. There was a significant negative association between URR and BMI (r= -0.155, P =0.005). Patients who had normal calcium levels had significantly higher URR adequacy than patients with abnormal calcium levels ( P <0.001). The URR criterion was contrariwise associated to blood pressure before and after dialysis ( P <0.05). There was a significant association between the length of the time, patients underwent dialysis (in year) and URR (R=125, P =0.023). Conclusion: This study indicated that URR is a desirable criterion for dialysis adequacy, which was associated with blood pressure, serum calcium level and body mass index (BMI). These findings suggest providing treatment strategies based on these findings to enhance the effect of dialysis adequacy.
Prevalence of renal pathological disorders in kidney transplant recipients: an observational study in the north of Iran
Authors: Ramezanzadeh Elham , Monfared Ali , Khosravi Masoud , Ghanbari Reyhaneh , Yazdanipour Tina , Kazemnezhad Leyli Ehsan
Published: April 2023

Introduction: There are possible adverse effects and pathological disorders that can occur after kidney transplantation. The prevalence of these outcomes in kidney transplant patients is different worldwide. Objectives: In this study, we decided to take a general look at the prevalence of pathological disorders in kidney transplant patients undergoing biopsy. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 kidney transplant recipients who underwent biopsy of transplanted kidney at Razi medical education center in Rasht city between 2008 and 2019. Information was collected from medical records and interviewing patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. They were summarized as the mean (SD) or as median (IQR). The frequency distribution (percentage) was conducted to describe the qualitative variables. Results: Out of 206 patients, 143 (69.4%) were male and the mean age at transplantation was 46.7±13.6 years. About 42.72% were non-relative donors, 47.57% were brain dead donors and 9.71% were family donors. The most common pathological disorder was nephrotoxic caused by calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) (41.75%) and the most common type of graft rejection was antibody-dependent graft rejection (46.12%). In terms of transplant outcome, 35.92% of the patients suffered transplant rejection and 23.3% of them died. The results of this study did not show a significant relationship between the administration of immunosuppressive drugs and the pathological disorders. Conclusion: The present study showed that the most common pathological disorder in kidney transplant patients was CNIs nephrotoxicity, and the most common type of transplant rejection was antibody-dependent transplant rejection.
A study on the effect of aspirin on clinical symptoms, laboratory indices, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Azizi Roham , Dehghani Mobarakeh Maryam , Goujani Reza , Nabi-Afjadi Mohsen , Mousavi Rizi Soheil , Maghsoudi Ahmadreza
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Low-dose aspirin is one of the most widely used secondary prevention agents for cardiovascular disease and stroke. An unstable risk factor for chronic cardiovascular disease is a viral infection. Evidence suggests that the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could increase the risk of acute cardiovascular events by inducing systemic inflammatory responses and instability in coronary plaques. Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the impact of aspirin on clinical symptoms, laboratory indices, and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Patients and Methods: After reviewing the documents of hospitalized patients at the Dr. Shariati hospital in Isfahan, Iran, while case and control groups were selected using a cross-sectional method based on aspirin use and non-use. Following a random selection of the reference population (131 medical records of patients with COVID-19 who had aspirin use and 131 of the group of patients with COVID-19 without aspirin use). Medical records of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease with diabetes, and patients without underlying disease were evaluated. After matching the two groups based on age, gender, and medical history, the examination and results were recorded in a questionnaire. Results: The results showed that during treatment, no significant difference between the case and control groups regarding clinical symptoms, laboratory results, the need for bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), and mechanical ventilation (P=0.0111 and P=0.089, respectively) were observed. Moreover, no significant difference in the outcome, including improvement and death was detected (P=0.962). Likewise, no significant difference in hospitalization duration between the aspirin and control groups was seen (P=0.289). Conclusion: Our study on a group of COVID-19 patients showed, aspirin is ineffective on clinical symptoms, laboratory indices, and outcomes, however our results further investigation by multi-centric investigations.
Establishing Psychometric Properties of Educational Short Film Evaluation Scale
Authors:   Assistant Professor in Education, Government College of Education, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India, Balamurugan M.
Published: April 2023

This paper attempted to establish the psychometric properties of the Educational Short Film Evaluation Scale (ESFE Scale) through six methods like Content validity, Cronbach’s alpha reliability, Intrinsic Validity, item-total correlations, Factor Analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The data were collected from 100 (male 34 and female 66) First Year B.Ed. teacher trainees in the Government College of Education, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India were asked to submit short education-based short film assignments. This scale was constructed by the investigator and contains four major aspects i.e. content aspects, design aspects, technical aspects, and audience aspects as their dimensions. The investigator discussed six methods of validation intending to standardize the educational short film evaluation scale. In the present educational survey research scenario, the most common six methods of validation were illustrated. Understanding such validation methods will be surely useful for the research scholars who were in the fundamentals of tool construction for their research.
Meniere’s Disease: The Current State of the Problem
Authors: Марьенко И.П. , Поддубный А.А.
Published: April 2023

Болезнь Меньера (БМ) – многофакторное заболевание внутреннего уха, характеризующееся головокружением, шумом в ушах и нейросенсорной потерей слуха. Заболевание не имеет определенной этиологической причины. Развитие БМ зависит от целого ряда факторов, которые способны приводить к эндолимфатической водянке. Основным морфологическим признаком БМ является эндолимфатический гидропс – увеличение объема эндолимфы, заполняющей перепончатый лабиринт внутреннего уха, и растяжение Рейснеровой мембраны. Различают 3 основных варианта течения заболевания. Рост количества случаев БМ у лиц молодого возраста, а также отсутствие скрининга у лиц с повышенным риском (люди в возрастной категории от 20 до 50 лет со сниженным слухом на 1 или оба уха, с отягощенным семейным анамнезом по данному заболеванию, с травмами головы и/или уха, аутоиммунными заболеваниями) делает актуальной проблему разработки методов ранней диагностики и комплексного лечения БМ в Республике Беларусь.

Meniere’s disease (MD) is a multifactorial disease of the inner ear characterized by dizziness, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss. The disease has no definite etiological cause. The development of MD depends on a number of factors that can lead to the development of endolymphatic dropsy. The main morphological feature of MD is endolymphatic hydrops: an increase in the volume of the endolymph filling the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear, and stretching of the Reissner’s membrane. There are three main variants of the disease course. The increasing number of MD cases in young people, as well as the lack of screening in high-risk populations (individuals aged 20 to 50 years with impaired hearing in one or both ears, having family history aggravated with this disease, with head and/ or ear injuries, or with autoimmune diseases) make the issue of developing methods for early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of MD in the Republic of Belarus relevant.
Secondary Musculoskeletal Disorders in Spastic Forms of Cerebral Palsy: A Literature Review
Authors: Венегас К.Ф. , Талабаев М.В. , Збанок И.Ю. , Забродец Г.В. , Соловьева А.Ю.
Published: April 2023

В статье рассмотрены современные представления о фундаментальных предпосылках нарушения опорно-двигательного аппарата при детском церебральном параличе. Первичные двигательные нарушения возникают вследствие спастического синдрома, а затем в результате последующих патологических структурных изменений в мышцах, сухожилиях, капсульно-связочном аппарате суставов происходит формирование вторичных ортопедических осложнений со стороны нижних конечностей, позвоночника, нарушение позы и походки. Уровень спастичности напрямую определяет взаимосвязь между неврологическим и ортопедическим статусом детей с детским церебральном параличом. Все вышеперечисленные патофизиологические особенности, обусловленные спастичностью, приводят к прогрессирующему снижению физической активности пациентов, бытовой и социальной дезадаптации и ухудшению качества жизни не только пациентов, но и их семей в целом. Все это является предпосылкой для разработки и применения видов лечения, направленных на раннюю коррекцию спастического синдрома, с целью своевременного предупреждения развития вторичных ортопедических нарушений.

We discuss in this article modern ideas on the fundamental pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in cerebral palsy. Primary motor disorders occur as a result of spastic syndrome, followed by subsequent pathological structural changes in the muscles, tendons, capsular ligamentous apparatus of the joints resulting in secondary orthopedic complications in the lower extremities, spine, and posture and gait disorders. The level of spasticity directly determines the relationship between the neurological and orthopedic status of children with cerebral palsy. These pathophysiological features caused by spasticity lead to a progressive decrease in physical activity of patients, resulting in social maladaptation and deterioration of the quality of life for both patients and their families. All this is a prerequisite for developing and applying treatment methods aimed at early correction of spastic syndrome in order to timely prevent the development of secondary orthopedic disorders.
Clinical Case of Early Neuroborreliosis in a Female Patient with Generalized Dystonia with Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Чернуха Т.Н. , Лихачев С.А. , Ващилин В.В. , Вельгин С.О.
Published: April 2023

В статье приводится описание клинического случая пациентки с сочетанием двух редких диагнозов: нейроборрелиоза и генерализованной дистонии на фоне глубокой стимуляции мозга. Диагностика раннего нейроборрелиоза у пациентки с генерализованной дистонией на фоне глубокой стимуляции мозга была затруднительна из-за стертости клинической симптоматики и необходимости исключения инфекций, обусловленных установкой нейростимулятора. Выполнение широкого спектра обследований, включая анализ на ВИЧ, исследование спинномозговой жидкости, иммуноблот, позволило диагностировать ранний нейроборрелиоз, который клинически проявлялся серозным менингитом и невропатией лицевого нерва с умеренным прозопарезом. Назначение антибиотикотерапии с отсрочкой решения по операции эксплантации системы для глубокой стимуляции мозга позволило сохранить эффект от нейростимуляции, диагностировать ранний нейроборрелиоз и назначить своевременное лечение. На фоне стандартного курса лечения цефтриаксоном наблюдался полный регресс симптомов Лайм-боррелиоза.

In the article, we described the clinical case of a female patient with a combination of two rare diagnoses: neuroborreliosis and generalized dystonia with deep brain stimulation. Diagnosis of early neuroborreliosis in the patient with generalized dystonia and deep brain stimulation was difficult. The patient had erased clinical symptoms, and it was necessary to exclude infections caused by the implantation of a neurostimulator. We performed a wide range of examinations, including HIV, analysis of cerebral spinal fluid, immunoblot, allowing us to diagnose early neuroborreliosis, which was clinically manifested by serous meningitis and facial neuropathy with moderate prosoparesis. Administrating antibiotic therapy with a delayed decision on the operation for deep brain stimulation system explantation allowed preserving the effect of neurostimulation, diagnosing early neuroborreliosis and prescribing timely treatment. A complete regression of Lyme borreliosis symptoms was observed against the background of the standard course of ceftriaxone treatment.