bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation Among Student Chapters of The Wildlife Society
Authors: ERICKSON RICHARD A.
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT  Student Chapters of The Wildlife Society serve the parent organization as a source of new members while promoting professional development among aspiring wildlife biologists. However, little is known about the operation of the Student Chapters across North America. I conducted an online survey between March and May 2006 to learn about variation among chapters and to define successful chapters with a quantifiable, objective parameter (e.g., the active members or budgets). I sent chapter advisors and student officers the online survey via e‐mail. Of 92 Student Chapters known to the parent Society in 2005, 66 active and one inactive chapters responded. Activities, sizes, and budgets varied greatly among chapters. Additionally, perceived values of membership by survey participants matched the parent Society's goals. No clear definition of a successful chapter (e.g., those with the most money or members) emerged, but chapters faced some evident problems including apathy from students and advisors as well as a lack of support from the parent Society. Based upon the survey, I recommend Student Chapters have strong projects and activities as well as consider collaborating with other professional organizations. I recommend the parent Society continue to expand student programs and incorporate students into the Society.
Evaluation of Rules to Distinguish Unique Female Grizzly Bears With Cubs in Yellowstone
Authors: SCHWARTZ CHARLES C. , HAROLDSON MARK A. , CHERRY STEVE , KEATING KIM A.
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT  The United States Fish and Wildlife Service uses counts of unduplicated female grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) with cubs‐of‐the‐year to establish limits of sustainable mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA. Sightings are clustered into observations of unique bears based on an empirically derived rule set. The method has never been tested or verified. To evaluate the rule set, we used data from radiocollared females obtained during 1975–2004 to simulate populations under varying densities, distributions, and sighting frequencies. We tested individual rules and rule‐set performance, using custom software to apply the rule‐set and cluster sightings. Results indicated most rules were violated to some degree, and rule‐based clustering consistently underestimated the minimum number of females and total population size derived from a nonparametric estimator (Chao2). We conclude that the current rule set returns conservative estimates, but with minor improvements, counts of unduplicated females‐with‐cubs can serve as a reasonable index of population size useful for establishing annual mortality limits. For the Yellowstone population, the index is more practical and cost‐effective than capture‐mark‐recapture using either DNA hair snagging or aerial surveys with radiomarked bears. The method has useful application in other ecosystems, but we recommend rules used to distinguish unique females be adapted to local conditions and tested.
Comments on Slavin: Synthesizing Evidence From Impact Evaluations in Education to Inform Action
Authors: Chatterji Madhabi
Published: February 2008

Traditional methods for preparing systematic reviews and syntheses of effectiveness studies rely on a limited set of methodological criteria to include studies that measure and report effects too narrowly to forward the mission of evidence-based practice. This article discusses why and how the criteria for study selection, evidence screening, and synthesis need to be broadened when education programs are investigated for effects.
Density and thermal expansion of liquid binary Al–Ag and Al–Cu alloys
Authors: Brillo Jürgen , Egry Ivan , Westphal Jenny
Published: February 2008

Densities and thermal expansion coefficients of liquid Al–Ag and Al–Cu alloys were measured using the technique of electromagnetic levitation. This technique involves producing shadow images of the sample from which the volume is calculated by an image processing algorithm.

Data was obtained at temperatures above the melting point. The concentration dependence of density and thermal expansion was studied for both systems. It was found for Al–Ag and Al–Cu that both density and thermal expansion can be related to a negative excess volume and its temperature coefficient.
Double-smoothing in Kernel Hazard Rate Estimation
Authors: Pfahlberg A. , Gefeller O. , Weißbach R.
Published: February 2008

Objectives:
In oncological studies, the hazard rate can be used to differentiate subgroups of the study population according to their patterns of survival risk over time. Nonparametric curve estimation has been suggested as an exploratory means of revealing such patterns. The decision about the type of smoothing parameter is critical for performance in practice. In this paper, we study data-adaptive smoothing.

Methods:
A decade ago, the nearest-neighbor bandwidth was introduced for censored data in survival analysis. It is specified by one parameter, namely the number of nearest neighbors. Bandwidth selection in this setting has rarely been investigated, although the heuristical advantages over the frequently-studied fixed bandwidth are quite obvious. The asymptotical relationship between the fixed and the nearest-neighbor bandwidth can be used to generate novel approaches.

Results:
We develop a new selection algorithm termed double-smoothing for the nearest-neighbor bandwidth in hazard rate estimation. Our approach uses a finite sample approximation of the asymptotical relationship between the fixed and nearest-neighbor bandwidth. By so doing, we identify the nearest-neighbor bandwidth as an additional smoothing step and achieve further data-adaption after fixed bandwidth smoothing. We illustrate the application of the new algorithm in a clinical study and compare the outcome to the traditional fixed bandwidth result, thus demonstrating the practical performance of the technique.

Conclusion:
The double-smoothing approach enlarges the methodological repertoire for selecting smoothing parameters in nonparametric hazard rate estimation. The slight increase in computational effort is rewarded with a substantial amount of estimation stability, thus demonstrating the benefit of the technique for biostatistical applications.
Amino Acid Transporters: Roles for Nutrition and Signalling in Developing Tissues
Authors: Van Winkle Lon J
Published: February 2008

Amino acids serve both to nourish and signal in cells and, consequently, so do their biomembrane transporters. Most amino acid transporters now appear to have been cloned, and virtually all of the cloned transporters are listed in solute carrier (SLC) tables for easy access online (http://www.bioparadigms.org/slc/menu.asp). It is more difficult to decide which transporters are expressed in a given tissue, and the tissue's transporter functions will likely continue to emerge long after all of the transporters have been identified. We illustrate these ongoing investigations of transporter identification and function for the first cell types to differentiate in the early embryo.
Protein Synthesis Initiation in Bacteria
Authors: Grunberg‐Manago Marianne , Studer Sean M , Joseph Simpson
Published: February 2008

Translation initiation begins with the assembly of the pre‐initiation complex followed by the formation of the initiation complex. The process of initiation then continues until the first peptide bond is formed; it is at this point that translation begins. The formation of the pre‐initiation/initiation complex is often the rate‐limiting step during the process of translation, as it is influenced by a number of translational regulatory mechanisms. As a result, the process of initiation can play a significant role in gene expression.
Enzymatic Rate Enhancements
Authors: Quinn Daniel M , Sikorski R Steven
Published: February 2008

Enzymatic rate enhancements arise from the unmatched ability of enzymes to stabilize the transition states of the reactions that they catalyse. The purpose of this article is to discuss the magnitude and mechanistic origins of enzymatic rate enhancements. Selected enzymes are described that manifest a wide range of rate enhancements and corresponding catalytic strategies.
Spliceosomal Machinery
Authors: Grainger Richard J , Beggs Jean D
Published: February 2008

‘Spliceosomal Machinery’ describes how various small nuclear ribonucleic acids (snRNAs) and over 100 proteins interact to perform the precise removal of introns from eukaryotic pre‐messenger RNAs. The conserved major U2‐spliceosome machinery is the main focus of this article and other minor spliceosomes are also described, as well as an introduction to factors involved in regulating splicing.
Immunological Accessory Molecules
Authors: Benedict Stephen H , Cool Kelli M , Dotson Abby L , Chan Marcia A
Published: February 2008

Immunological accessory molecules are proteins expressed on the surface of immune cells that can modulate in a positive or negative manner the ability of the cell to develop or to perform one or more of its functions. Thus, accessory molecules are critical to the success or failure of controlling the immune response to foreign antigens such as infectious agents or organ transplants, the aberrant response to self‐antigens as in the case of autoimmune disease or the response to tumours.
Chromosome Mechanics
Authors: Moore Charleen M , Best Robert G
Published: February 2008

Chromosome mechanics describes the processes of chromosome replication and behaviour as they relate to somatic cell division and gametogenesis. Mitosis produces identical diploid somatic cells, whereas meiosis produces haploid germ cells with recombination of parental alleles. Aberrations occur in these processes that include chromosomal nondisjunction leading to numerical abnormalities and unrepaired deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage resulting in chromosomal breakage and structural rearrangements.
Molecular Clocks
Authors: Martin Andrew Peter
Published: February 2008

Molecules such as proteins and DNA evolve over time as a consequence of the fixation of mutations to DNA. Molecular evolution has been shown to be approximately constant across species, a phenomenon known as the molecular clock.
Ethics of Research: Protection of Human Subjects
Authors: Gifford Fred
Published: February 2008

Research involving human subjects is invaluable for answering both scientific and clinical questions, especially those centred on making medical intervention as effective and safe as possible. But it raises a number of difficult moral issues: such experimentation can impose risk, questions arise about the adequacy of informed consent and clinical research creates a tension between the roles of clinical therapist and research scientist.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (
SNP
)
Authors: Brookes Anthony J
Published: February 2008

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is an abundant form of genome sequence variation comprising single base pair alternatives represented at a population frequency of more than 1%. SNPs contribute greatly to the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in ways yet to be fully understood.
Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Rates
Authors: Yi Soojin
Published: February 2008

When comparing protein‐coding DNA sequences between species, it is useful to distinguish between synonymous (silent) substitutions and nonsynonymous (amino‐acid changing) substitutions. Because the two types of change are under different intensities of selective constraints, comparing their rates provides insights into the mechanisms of evolution of the gene under study.
Mutation Rate
Authors: Müller‐Myhsok Bertram
Published: February 2008

Mutation rate is the probability that a mutation occurs on a defined piece of genetic material over a given time frame.
Chromosome Numbers in Mammals
Authors: Scherthan Harry
Published: February 2008

Knowledge of chromosome numbers and morphology among mammalian species provided a first glimpse of the extent of karyotype reorganization that occurred in the course of mammalian radiation. The mammalian karyotypic diversity stimulated research in the mechanisms and sequences of chromosome rearrangements that shaped the present‐day karyotypes.
Malaria: Immunity
Authors: Hafalla Julius Clemence R , Matuschewski Kai , Mueller Ann‐Kristin
Published: February 2008

Malaria, a vector‐borne disease caused by
Plasmodium
parasites, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. To attain a substantial and steady decline in disease and deaths, a safe and efficacious vaccine is an indispensable tool. However, fundamental to the discovery, design and development of a malaria vaccine is a comprehensive knowledge of the induction and regulation of protective immune responses against the parasite. To this end, studies utilizing animal models, naïve human volunteers and individuals living in malaria endemic areas have provided important insights regarding the different mechanisms of antimalaria immunity.
Intron Loss and Gain
Authors: Mourier Tobias , Jeffares Daniel C
Published: February 2008

Introns, the nonprotein coding regions of genes that are interspersed between protein‐coding exons are present in all eukaryotes' genomes. The variation in intron abundance in eukaryotic genomes signifies that intron loss and intron gain have occurred at varying degrees during the evolution of eukaryotes. Intron gain or loss events have been rare in human and other mammalian genomes, but intron loss in other eukaryotes is starting to be understood in terms of the biology of genomes.
Subtelomeres: Evolution in the Human Genome
Authors: Katharine Rudd M
Published: February 2008

Subtelomeres are extremely dynamic regions near the ends of chromosomes, exhibiting increased recombination and variation. Polymorphic duplications within subtelomeres contain genes, making subtelomeres a source of phenotypic diversity and disease.
Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Cobaleda Cesar , Vicente‐Dueñas Carolina , Sanchez‐Garcia Isidro
Published: February 2008

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the pathological counterpart of normal somatic tissue stem cells. They possess the capacities to self‐renew and to generate a more differentiated, rapidly dividing and expanding tumour progeny. Although they constitute just a small percentage of the tumour mass, they are responsible for its maintenance and, therefore, according to the CSC hypothesis, they should be the target of anticancer treatments.
Five steps to maximizing dollars when the objective is money
Authors: Krivis Jeffrey , Zadeh Mariam
Published: February 2008

Jeffrey Krivis and Mariam Zadeh, of Los Angeles, focus on communication styles in order to improve settlements. The authors provide four tables of keywords that identify the way people get their points across. These signals allow negotiators to meet their adversaries on their opponents' terms, and provide improved results for their own clients.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Templated Open‐Framework Zinc Arsenates of Varying Dimensionalities: Synthesis, Structure, Polymorphism, and Transformation Reactions.
Authors: Rao V. Koteswara , Chakrabarti Sandip , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of BiCuOS by Hydrothermal Methods.
Authors: Sheets William C. , Stampler Evan S. , Kabbour Houria , Bertoni Mariana I. , Cario Laurent , Mason Thomas O. , Marks Tobin J. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions Organocatalyzed by Recoverable (Sa)‐Binam‐L‐prolinamide.
Authors: Guillena Gabriela , Hita Maria del Carmen , Najera Carmen , Viozquez Santiago F.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Addition of Diaryl Disulfides and Diselenides to Terminal Alkynes in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Wang Yongguang , Hao Wenyan
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Green Method for the Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine and Quinoxaline Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Hazarika Parasa , Gogoi Pranjal , Konwar Dilip
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Diiodo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin — An Efficient Reagent for Iodination of Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Chaikovskii V. K. , Filimonov V. D. , Funk A. A. , Skorokhodov V. I. , Ogorodnikov V. D.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium Triiodide‐Catalyzed Formation of Mannich‐Type Products of Amidoalkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Mao Hui , Yu Yan , Zhu Xiudan , Zhu Chunlan
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New and Direct Approach to Hypervalent Iodine Compounds from Arenes and Iodine. Straightforward Synthesis of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes and Diaryliodonium Salts Using Potassium μ‐Peroxo‐hexaoxodisulfate.
Authors: Hossain Md. Delwar , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Oxidation and Photophysical Properties of Novel Derivatives of Acyclic Aromatic Amines.
Authors: Kosa Csaba , Mosnacek Jaroslav , Bilesova Adela , Kasak Peter , Kronek Juraj , Danko Martin , Kollar Jozef
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Lanthanide Trichloride Hydrates Prepared from Mischmetall in Luche‐Type Reduction.
Authors: Lannou Marie‐Isabelle , Helion Florence , Namy Jean‐Louis
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Thiobenzanilides by Willgerodt—Kindler Reaction with Base Catalysts.
Authors: Okamoto Ken , Yamamoto Takakazu , Kanbara Takaki
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Ketones Using Aluminum Hydrogen Sulfate as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Mosaddegh Elaheh , Islami Mohammad Reza , Hassankhani Asadollah
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cyclization of O‐(3,5‐Dinitrophenyl) and O‐(3‐Amino‐5‐nitrophenyl) Ketoximes, Products of Transformations of 1,3,5‐Trinitrobenzene. The Synthesis of Nitrobenzo[b]furans and 4‐Hydroxynitroindoles.
Authors: Vorob'ev S. S. , Dutov M. D. , Vatsadze I. A. , Petrosyan E. P. , Kachala V. V. , Strelenko Yu. A. , Shevelev S. A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Heteroarylpropanoic Acid via Asymmetric Hydroformylation Catalyzed by Rh(I)‐(R,S)‐BINAPHOS and the Subsequent Oxidation.
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Nakano Koji , Nozaki Kyoko
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxidation of Benzo[b]thiophene Derivatives with DDQ — Preparation of π‐Extended Hemithioindigoid Compounds.
Authors: Endo Hiroyuki , Nagashima Kinji , Wakabayashi Hidetsugu , Kanazumi Makoto , Kato Tatsuhisa , Kobayashi Keiji
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bulky Chiral Carbene Ligands and Their Application in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular α‐Arylation of Amides.
Authors: Kuendig E. Peter , Seidel Thomas M. , Jia Yi‐xia , Bernardinelli Gerald
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Pyrazol‐5‐one under Microwave Irradiation in Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zahran Magdy A.‐H. , El‐Essawy Farag A.‐A. , Yassin Salah M. , Salem Tarek A.‐R. , Boshta Nader M.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Compounds on the Basis of 2‐Thioxo‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Yarovenko V. N. , Nikitina A. S. , Zavarzin I. V. , Krayushkin M. M. , Kovalenko L. V.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Systems Containing Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom: Synthesis and Evaluation of Bio‐activity of Thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐s‐triazoles and Isomeric Thiazolo[2,3‐c]‐s‐triazoles.
Authors: Kumar Parvin , Mohan Jag , Makrandi J. K.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New One Step Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Quitrite Moha , Lebrini Mounim , Lagrenee Michel , Bentiss Fouad
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rynaxypyr: A New Insecticidal Anthranilic Diamide that Acts as a Potent and Selective Ryanodine Receptor Activator.
Authors: Lahm George P. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vilsmeier—Haack Reactions of 2‐Arylamino‐3‐acetyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrans Toward the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Xiang Dexuan , Yang Yang , Zhang Rui , Liang Yongjiu , Pan Wei , Huang Jie , Dong Dewen
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ir—SYNPHOS® and Ir—DIFLUORPHOS® Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinolines.
Authors: Deport Coralie , Buchotte Marie , Abecassis Keren , Tadaoka Hiroshi , Ayad Tahar , Ohshima Takashi , Genet Jean‐Pierre , Mashima Kazushi , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of 5‐(4,7‐Dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐benzopyran‐6‐ylazo) ‐2‐methyl‐6‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐2,3‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrimidin‐4‐one and 5‐(4,7‐Dimethyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐benzopyran‐6‐ylazo) ‐2‐methyl‐6‐piperidin‐1‐yl‐2,3‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrimidin‐4‐one.
Authors: Mulwad Vinata V. , Mayekar Sagar A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconyl(IV) Chloride Catalyzed Three Component One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Kokare Nagnnath D. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 5H‐[1,3]Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Nosrati Meisam , Mahdavi Mohammad , Zhu Long‐Guan , Mirzaei Peiman
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of Gefitinib and Erlotinib Hydrochloride — Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Chandregowda Venkateshappa , Rao Gudapati Venkateswara , Reddy Goukanapalli Chandrasekara
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoquinazoline Derivatives with Three‐Point Diversity.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Sharma Sunil , Kundu Bijoy
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorine‐Containing Analogues of Ellipticine and Other Heterocycles from 2‐Nitro‐ and 2‐Amino‐4,5‐difluoroanilines.
Authors: Yarovenko V. N. , Polushina A. V. , Levchenko K. S. , Zavarzin I. V. , Krayushkin M. M. , Kotovskaya S. K. , Charushin V. N.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Method for the Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazino[4,3‐c]quinazoline System.
Authors: Kovalenko Sergey I. , Karpenko Alexander V. , Krivoshey Oksana V. , Shishkina Svetlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Benzo‐Substituted Macrocyclic Schiff Bases Containing Two Triazole Rings.
Authors: Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Masaret Ghada S.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 1,3‐Disilaindanes, 1,4‐Disilatetralines, and 1,3‐Disila‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuranes Using Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions.
Authors: Doszczak Leszek , Tacke Reinhold
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxylated Hydrocinnamides as Hypocholesterolemic Agents.
Authors: Lee Sangku , Lee Chul‐Ho , Kim Eungsoo , Jung Sang‐Hun , Lee Hyeong Kyu
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Route to N‐Glycosylamino Acids Using Nα‐Fmoc‐Asp/Glu‐5‐oxazolidinone as Internal Protection.
Authors: Venkataramanarao Rao , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine/Toluenesulfonic Acid: A Novel Catalyst for Isopropylidenation in Carbohydrate Chemistry.
Authors: Zhao Guilong , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianwu
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of a Novel Cyclohexene Version of Carbovir.
Authors: Li Hua , Hong Joon Hee
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of 8‐Fluoro Purine Nucleosides via Metalation—Fluorination.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Lagisetty Pallavi , Zajc Barbara
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Eupomatilones
Authors: Mitra Soumya , Gurrala Srinivas Reddy , Coleman Robert S.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Cytotoxic Styryl Lactones from D‐Xylose. The First Total Synthesis of (+)‐Crassalactone C.
Authors: Popsavin Velimir , Benedekovic Goran , Sreco Bojana , Popsavin Mirjana , Francuz Jovana , Kojic Vesna , Bogdanovic Gordana
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Asymmetric Synthesis of the Antitumor Alkaloid (R)‐(+)‐Crispine A.
Authors: Allin Steven M. , Gaskell Sean N. , Towler Joannah M. R. , Page Philip C. Bulman , Saha Basu , McKenzie Michael J. , Martin William P.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Source Precursor to Complex Metal Oxide Monoliths with Tunable Microstructures and Properties: The Case of Mg‐Containing Materials.
Authors: Zou Lu , Xiang Xu , Fan Jun , Li Feng
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Adlayer Structure and Reaction at Solid/Liquid Interface
Authors: Wang Dong , Wan Li‐Jun
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydroamination of Non‐Activated Carbon—Carbon Multiple Bonds
Authors: Aillaud Isabelle , Collin Jacqueline , Hannedouche Jerome , Schulz Emmanuelle
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐, Germanium‐, and Tin‐Centered Cations, Radicals, and Anions
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mitsunobu Reaction: Origin, Mechanism, Improvements, and Applications
Authors: But Tracy Yuen Sze , Toy Patrick H.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Novel Aminopropyl Nucleoside Phosphonates
Authors: Zhou Ding , Lagoja Irene M. , Van Aerschot Arthur
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides with Diynyl Side Chains: The Huisgen‐Sharpless Cycloaddition “Click Reaction” Performed on DNA and Their Constituents
Authors: Seela Frank , Sirivolu Venkata Ramana
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of an Antitumor Adenosine Analogue, 3′‐Ethynyladenosine
Authors: Endo Yoshio , Obata Tohru , Nomura Makoto , Fukushima Masakazu , Yamada Yuji , Matsuda Akira , Sasaki Takuma
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic Study of Cyclodextrins and Their Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Harata Kazuaki
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of acetylcholine in nitric oxide production in the salamander retina
Authors: Cimini Beth A. , Strang Christianne E. , Wotring Virginia E. , Keyser Kent T. , Eldred William D.
Published: February 2008

Although acetylcholine is one of the most widely studied neurotransmitters in the retina, many questions remain about its downstream signaling mechanisms. In this study we initially characterized the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in the salamander retina by localizing a variety of cholinergic markers. We then examined the link between both muscarinic and nicotinic receptor activation and nitric oxide production by using immunocytochemistry for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as an indicator. We found a large increase in cGMP‐like immunoreactivity (cGMP‐LI) in the inner retina in response to muscarinic (but not nicotinic) receptor activation. Based on the amplification of mRNA transcripts, receptor immunocytochemistry, and the use of selective antagonists, we identified these receptors as M2 muscarinic receptors. Using double‐labeling techniques, we established that these increases in cGMP‐LI were seen in GABAergic but not cholinergic amacrine cells, and that the increases were blocked by inhibitors of nitric oxide production. The creation of nitric oxide in response to cholinergic receptor activation may provide a mechanism for modulating the well‐known mutual interactions of acetylcholine‐glycine‐GABA in the inner retina. As GABA and glycine are the primary inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, signaling pathways that modulate their levels or release will have major implications for the processing of complex stimuli by the retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1952–1963, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stepwise Spin Transition in a Mononuclear Iron(II) Complex with Unusually Wide Plateau
Authors: Weber Birgit , Carbonera Chiara , Desplances Cedric , Létard Jean‐François
Published: February 2008

The reaction of the Schiff‐base like ligand H2L [L2– = (E,E)‐({diethyl 2,2′‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(3‐oxobutanato)})] with iron(II) acetate in methanol in the presence of 4‐cyanopyridine leads to the formation of an octahedral iron(II) complex with the formula FeL(CNpy)2·0.25CNpy (1). The magnetic properties of this complex were investigated using temperature‐dependent susceptibility measurements (SQUID) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Both measurements indicate that the complex performs a stepwise spin transition with a large plateau in the region from 225 K to 125 K and γHS ≈ 0.25. The molecule structure of the compound was determined at room temperature, 240 K (γHS ≈ 0.5 according to susceptibility measurements) and 100 K. Two complex molecules were found in the asymmetric unit with strong π–π interactions between the phenylene rings of H2L. In agreement with outcomes from the magnetic measurements, both iron centres are in the high‐spin state at room temperature and in the low‐spin state at 100 K. At 240 K one of the two iron centres is high‐spin and the other one low‐spin. The reason for the wide step with one fourth of the iron centres in the high‐spin state is the additional distorted 4‐cyanopyridine in the crystal that influences the transition temperature of the surrounding iron centres. The spin transition was followed in solution by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. A gradual spin transition with T1/2 = 238 K is obtained. Temperature‐dependent diffuse reflectivity spectra show the occurrence of photoconversion at the surface of the sample but only about 6 % of the complex could be switched in bulk condition using a SQUID magnetometer and the stability of the photoinduced HS state with TLIESST = 40 K is very weak. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and phospholipids from adzuki beans (Vigna angularis)
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Saiki Masayuki , Tomiyama Yuka , Mizushina Yoshiyuki
Published: February 2008

The fatty acid distributions of triacylglycerols (TAG) and major phospholipids (PL) obtained from adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) were investigated. The total lipids extracted from the beans were separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) into eight fractions. The major lipid components were PL (63.5 wt‐%), TAG (21.2 wt‐%), steryl esters (7.5 wt‐%) and hydrocarbons (5.1 wt‐%), while free fatty acids, diacylglycerols (1,3‐DAG and 1,2‐DAG) and monoacylglycerols were also present in minor proportions (0.2–1.1 wt‐%). The major PL components isolated from the beans were phosphatidylcholine (45.3 wt‐%), phosphatidylethanolamine (25.8 wt‐%) and phosphatidylinositol (21.5 wt‐%). Phosphatidylinositol was unique in that it had the highest saturated fatty acid content among the three PL. With a few exceptions, however, the principal characteristics of the fatty acid distribution in the TAG and three PL were evident in the beans: Unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly concentrated in the sn‐2 position while saturated fatty acids primary occupied the sn‐1 or sn‐3 position in the oils of the adzuki beans. In general, these results could be useful to both consumers and producers for the manufacture of traditional adzuki foods in Japan.
Stereospecific Pseudorotation of Diastereomeric Anti‐Apicophilic Spirophosphoranes: A Novel Stereochemical Transformation Involving 10‐P‐5 Phosphoranes
Authors: Kojima Satoshi , Nakamoto Masaaki , Akiba Kin‐ya
Published: February 2008

A diastereomeric pair of monocyclic apical H‐phosphoranes (2‐exo and 2‐exo) has been prepared from a diastereomeric pair of bicyclic equatorial H‐spirophosphoranes (1) with tBuLi. The thermal cyclization reaction of each diastereomeric apical H‐phosphorane gave rise to different diastereomeric O‐equatorial anti‐apicophilic phosphoranes (3‐exo and 3‐endo, respectively) as single products. On the other hand, the oxidation reaction of each of these apical H‐phosphoranes was complementary to the thermal reaction, affording the opposite diastereomeric anti‐apicophilic phosphorane (3‐endo and 3‐exo, respectively) as a single product. The pseudorotation of each of these diastereomeric anti‐apicophilic phosphoranes (3‐exo and 3‐endo) gave rise to different diastereomeric O‐apical phosphoranes (4‐exo and 4‐endo, respectively) as single products.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Regioselective Generation of Aryllithiums from Substituted Bromobenzenes XC6H4Br (X = 4‐Br, 4‐I, 4‐CN, 2‐CN)
Authors: Luliński Sergiusz , Serwatowski Janusz , Szczerbińska Magdalena
Published: February 2008

Selected activated bromobenzenes XC6H4Br (X = 4‐Br, 4‐I, 4‐CN, 2‐CN) were successfully deprotonated with lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide (LTMP) in THF at –80 °C. Thus, 2,5‐dibromo‐, 2‐bromo‐5‐iodo‐, 5‐bromo‐2‐cyano‐, and 3‐bromo‐2‐cyanophenyllithium were obtained as stable intermediates and could be converted by subsequent reactions into various functionalized derivatives with good yields. A competition of directing effects of bromine versus iodine and cyano groups is discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)