bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of survival analysis on patients on the «waiting list» for kidney transplantation
Authors: Zulkarnaev A. B.
Published: August 2019

Survival analysis is one of the most common methods of statistical analysis in medicine. The statistical analysis of the transplantation (or death) probability dependent on the waiting time on the "waiting list" is a rare case when the survival analysis is used to estimate the time before the event rather than to indirectly assess the risks. However, for an assessment to be adequate, the reason for censoringmust be independent of the outcome of interest. Patients on the waiting list are not only at risk of dying, they can be excluded from the waiting list due to deterioration of the comorbid background or as a result of kidney transplantation. Kaplan – Meier, Nelson – Aalen estimates, as well as a cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression model, are consciously biased estimates of survival in the presence of competing risks. Since competing events are censored, it is impossible to directly assess the impact of covariates on their frequency, because there is no direct relationship between the regression coefficients and the intensity of these events. The determination of the median waiting time on the basis of such analysis generates a selection bias, which inevitably leads to a biased assessment. Thus, in presence of competing risks, these methods allow us to investigate the features of cause-and-effect relationships, but do not allow us to make a prediction of the individual probability of a particular event based on the value of its covariates. In the regression model of competing risks, the regression coefficients are monotonically related to the cumulative incidence function and the competing events have a direct impact on the regression coefficients. Its significant advantage is the additive nature of the cumulative incidence functions of all possible events. In the study of etiological associations, it is better to use Cox regression model, which allows to estimate the size of the effect of various factors. The regression model of competing risks, in turn, has a greater prognostic value and allows to estimate the probability of a specific outcome within a certain time in a single patient.
Possibilities of using proteomic analysis in infectiology
Authors: Strashnikova N. S. , Martynova G. P. , Salmina A. B. , Olovyannikova R. Yа. , Kutyakov V. A. , Tohidpur A.
Published: August 2019

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases should be based on reliable data obtained through various methods of laboratory research. The main characteristics of the methods used are high sensitivity (the ability to analyze a small amount of sample, 10–6–10–4 g/ml), selectivity, reproducibility and others. Proteomic methods of research satisfy all the principles of evidence-based medicine. The advantages of using these methods to identify biomarkers (identifying proteins with altered expression levels), timely diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, described in the article, are obvious. Their introduction into practice is an element of personalized medicine.
Short review of the biomedical properties and application of magnesium alloys for bone tissue bioengineering
Authors: Khlusov I. A. , Mitrichenko D. V. , Prosolov A. B. , Nikolaeva O. O. , Slepchenko G. B. , Sharkeev Yu. P.
Published: August 2019

Aim: to review current scientific literature concerning the main advances and problems of magnesium (Mg) alloys for traumatology and orthopedics. Methodology of the study. Analytical review based the comprehensive investigation of public scientific and technological sources. Results of the study. Modern knowledge about classification, in vitro and in vivo biodegradation, biomechanics, local and general biocompatibilities, clinical efficacy, and hazards of infectious complications in conditions of osteosynthesis with implants made of Mg alloys with or without protective (anticorrosion and antimicrobial) coatings is presented. Conclusion. Fast degradation and a risk of periprosthetic infection strongly limit clinical application of implants made of Mg and its alloys. Development of novel Mg alloys and their modification by incorporating antimicrobial elements into their body or protective coating is a promising direction to control biomedical characteristics of Mg alloys.
Comorbidity of esophageal achalasia, mixed anxiety and depressive reaction in a young female patient: problems of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Garganeeva N.. P. , Belokrylova M. F. , Kostin A. K. , Koshel A. P. , Epanchintseva E. M. , Lebedeva V. F. , Aksenov M. M. , Perchatkina O. E. , Kartashova I. G. , Rudnitsky V. A. , Gorbatsevich Yu. N. , Tsybulskaya E. V. , Alekseev V. A.
Published: August 2019

Achalasia cardia (“cardiospasm”, “phrenospasm”, “dolichoesophagus”, “megaesophagus”, “stenosis of cardia”) represents a primary impairment of esophageal motor function associated with impaired lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis defects of the thoracic esophagus. It is diagnosed at the age of 25 to 60 years, making up to 20% of all diseases of the esophagus, and is characterized by a triad of symptoms: dysphagia, regurgitation and chest pain when swallowing. In most cases the first manifestations of achalasia are preceded by stress situations in the anamnesis that complicates the differential diagnosis of psychogenic esophageal spasm. The presented clinical case illustrates difficulties of early diagnosis of achalasia cardia in a young femalepatient with severe anxiety and depressive symptoms which develop under conditions of chronic stressful situations in the family or at work. The issues of interdisciplinary interaction of health professionals (physician, gastroenterologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and surgeon) on the course of examination and management of patients with comorbid physical and mental pathology are discussed. The efficiency of the integrative approach to treatment and rehabilitation with the use of modern reconstructive surgical interventions as well as conservative methods of therapy, psychopharmacotherapy and personality-oriented psychotherapy proves the relevance of studying psychosomatic aspects of achalasia cardia.
The results of standard echocardiography and use of Velocity Vector Imaging technology after surgical revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Vasiliev A. Yu. , Petrova E. B. , Fedorova M. V. , Efimova S. B. , Kordatov P. N.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of surgical revascularization on left ventricular function using standard echocardiographic study and Velocity Vector Imaging technology. Materials and methods. 40 patients with ischemic heart disease were examined before and 12 days, 6, 12 and 24 months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A standard echocardiographic (EchoCG) study was performed on ultrasound scanner Acuson Х 300 (Siemens, USA) with a 5–1 MHz sector multifrequency sensor. For objective assessment of myocardial function, the analysis of left ventricular (LV) deformation and rotational properties was performed using Syngo VVI (Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., США) in 720 LV segments. Results. Standard EchoCG showed a stable systolic, diastolic and contractile LV function during 2 years of follow-up. The study of global values of strain (S) and strain rate (SR) showed a decrease in longitudinal S 6 months after CABG in the right coronary artery (RCA) area in the group of patients with complaints compared to those who had no complaints (p = 0.004), in addition, in this zone there was a tendency to a difference in longitudinal SR between these two groups (p = 0.07). In anterior descending artery area was a tendency to decreased strain of longitudinal fibers (p = 0.06) during the same period of observation. 1 year after CABG, strain decreased in patients with complaints (p = 0.04) in the circumference artery area only in circular fibers. Positive dynamics were noted in the diastolic function of left ventricular fibers and rotation indices. Conclusion. The use of Velocity Vector Imaging after coronary bypass surgery shows a change in the function of myocardial fibers in the areas of coronary arteries, which is important in patients complaining of angina pain.
Experimental usage of a multicomponent film in treatment of wounds
Authors: Grigoryan A. Yu. , Bezhin A. I. , Pankrusheva T. A. , Sukovatykh B. S. , Chekmareva M. S. , Zhilyaeva L. V.
Published: August 2019

Objectives.To optimize treatment of purulent wounds with the help of a wound coating with a multidirectional action that combines broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect, stimulation of regeneration, sorption activity and local anesthetic action.Materials and methods.The material for the study was a wound covering in the form of a film developed by the authors at Kursk State Medical University (Russian patent No. 2601897). Theexperiment was performed on laboratory animals (Wistar rats), which were divided into 2 groups (comparison and experimental), each group containing 36 animals. Purulent wound was modeled in the animals according to the method of P.I. Tolstykh. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the following methods were used: microbiological method (determination of areas of growth retardation and bacterial contamination in the wounds), Renier’s method (determination of local anesthetic activity), visual assessment of wounds, planimetric method (measurement of the wound area, percentage of area reduction and healing speed) and measurement of pH in the wounds. The statistical significance of the differences was determined with the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The differences were considered statistically significant atp˂ 0.05.Results.Initially, high efficiency of the film was detectedin vitrofor the most common strains of test organisms, which werewound infection pathogens. The Renier index was 1.2 times higher in the film with chlorhexidine than in 2% lidocaine ointment, and the duration of general anesthesia was 25% longer. Following visual assessment of the wounds we revealed that purification and regeneration of the wounds first occurred in the animals in the experimental group; however, no statistical significance was detected. The maximal differences in the healing speed (1.6 times) were observed at 3–5 days, and the contamination of the wounds was 1.3 times lower in the experimental group than in the comparison group. According to the results of pH assessment, significant differences between the groups were noted only on day 15. Approximation of pH values to intact skin values also proved the effectiveness of treatment.Conclusion.The developed contact wound covering has high antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of wound infection pathogens, creates a fairly good local anesthetic effect, significantly speeds up the healing process and reduces bacterial contamination of the wound area. Thus, the developed wound covering can be recommended for further studies in the clinical setting for treatment of inflammatory processes in soft tissues.
Neuroprotective properties of the C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor in hypoxic hypoxia
Authors: Zyuz’kov G. N. , Udut E. V. , Miroshnichenko L. A. , Poljakova T. Ju. , Simanina E. V. , Stavrova L. A. , Agafonov V. I. , Zhdanov V. V.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to reveal the influence of the JNK inhibitor on the induction of disturbances in the psychoneurological status of experimental animals in the modeling of posthypoxic encephalopathy and to reveal the mechanisms of its action related to the functioning of the neural stem cells of the brain. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 64 male outbred mice. Posthypoxic encephalopathy was modeled in non-native mice with hypoxia of the hermetic volume. The JNK inhibitor was administered to mice subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg once before hypoxic exposure. We studied the neuropsychiatric status, the content of neuronal stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain of experimental animals, and the direct effect of the JNK inhibitor on intact neural stem cells in vitro. Results. The expressed cerebroprotective action of the pharmacological agent was revealed, which consisted of normalizing the indices of orientation and exploratory behavior and conditioned activity in experimental animals. These effects developed against a background of a significant increase in the content of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the brain. In the experiments in vitro, a direct stimulating effect of the JNK inhibitor on neural stem cells was found. Conclusions. The obtained results showed a neuroprotective action of the JNK inhibitor. At the same time, the prevention and compensation of the development of disturbances in the activity of the central nervous system is based on the preservation of the ability of the nerve tissue to repair andassociated with the functioning of resident neural stem cells.
Detection and genotyping of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in I. persulcatus and D. reticulatus ticks collected in Tomsk (Western Siberia) in 2015–2016
Authors: Kartashov M. Yu. , Mikryukova T. P. , Moskvitina N. S. , Krivosheina E. I. , Kuznetsov A. I. , Romanenko V. N. , Bol’shakova N. P. , Ternovoi V. A. , Loktev V. B.
Published: August 2019

Introduction. The detection of the first cases of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Russia, discovery of genetic markers for Anaplasma spp. in ixodid ticks and reporting of a significant number of cases of tick-borne infections in the southern part of Western Siberia give reason to suppose that causative agents of tick-borne anaplasmosis may be transmitted in Tomsk and its suburbs. Objective. To study the distribution and species biodiversity of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks in Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. The analysis of 690 individual ixodid ticks (larvae and adults) was carried out for Ixodes persulcatus (n = 530) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 160) ticks collected in 2015–2016 on the territory of urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk. Primary screening of ticks for the presence of genetic material of A. phagocytophilum was conducted using two-round PCR with species-specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplification (1,220 kB) of the groESL fragment of the heat shock protein operon was performed for positive isolates with subsequent determination of the nucleotide sequence in the gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis. Results. The number of A. phagocytophilum positive samples for I. persulcatus (larvae) was 1.2 ± 0.6%, I. persulcatus (adult) was 1.8 ± 0.7%; and D. reticulatus (adult) was 0.6 ± 0.3%. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragments in groESL operon for nine isolates confirmed that the genetic material of the granulocytic anaplasmosis was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the first group of the “new cluster” of A. phagocytophilum. Conclusion. The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis has been newly detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk and in D. reticulatus from urban foci.
Astragalus Polysaccharides (PG2) Enhances the M1 Polarization of Macrophages, Functional Maturation of Dendritic Cells, and T Cell-Mediated Anticancer Immune Responses in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Bamodu Oluwaseun Adebayo , Kuo Kuang-Tai , Wang Chun-Hua , Huang Wen-Chien , Wu Alexander T.H. , Tsai Jo-Ting , Lee Kang-Yun , Yeh Chi-Tai , Wang Liang-Shun
Published: August 2019

Background: Recently we demonstrated that Astragalus polysaccharide (PG2), the active ingredient in dried roots of astragalus membranaceus, ameliorates cancer symptom clusters and improve quality of life (QoL) in patients with metastatic disease by modulating inflammatory cascade, against the background that inflammatory cells including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in tumor initiation, metastasis, and progression. Nevertheless, the role of PG2 in the modulation of anticancer immunogenicity and therapeutic response remains relatively underexplored and unclear. Purpose: The present study investigates how and to what extent PG2 modulates cellular and biochemical components of the inflammatory cascade, enhance anticancer immunity, and the therapeutic implication of same in patients with lung cancer. Methods and Results: Herein, we demonstrated that PG2 significantly increased the M1/M2 macrophage polarization ratio in non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) H441 and H1299 cells. This PG2-induced preferential pharmacologic up-regulation of tumoral M1 population in vitro, positively correlated with the downregulation of tumor-promoting IL-6 and IL-10 expression in NSCLC cell-conditioned medium, with concomitant marked inhibition of cell proliferation, clonogenicity and tumorsphere formation. Our ex vivo results, using clinical sample from our NSCLC cohort, demonstrated that PG2 also promoted the functional maturation of DCs with consequent enhancement of T cell-mediated anticancer immune responses. Consistent with the in vitro and ex vivo results, our in vivo studies showed that mice treated with PG2 exhibited significant time-dependent depletion of the tumor-associated M2 population, synergistically enhanced the anti-M2-based anticancer effect of cisplatin, and inhibition of xenograft tumor growth in the NSCLC mice models. Moreover, in the presence of PG2, cisplatin-associated dyscresia and weight-loss was markedly suppressed. Conclusion: These results do indicate a therapeutically-relevant role for PG2 in modulating the M1/M2 macrophage pool, facilitating DC maturation, and synergistically enhancing the anticancer effect of conventional chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin; thus laying the foundation for further exploration of the curative relevance of PG2 as surrogate immunotherapy and/or clinical feasibility of its use for maintenance therapy in patients with lung cancer.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Scindapsus officinalis (Gajpipli): In-Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Against HepG-2 & MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Pathak Manish , Kumar Vikas , Pathak Prateek , Majee Rahul , Ramteke Promod W. , Verma Amita
Published: August 2019

Background: Green synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticle was performed with the fruit extract of Scindapsus officinalis and test against HepG-2, MCF-7 cancer cell lines. These biosynthesized metal nanoparticles have a potential of therapeutic use as an alternative medicine for the treatment of hepatic & breast cancer cases. Results : AgNPs were identified by change of color & their absobtion at 340 nm measured by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectral analysis confirmed phenolic compounds presence, morphology & size visualized in SEM, TEM used for determination of size, shape & light scattering analysis. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape and size less than 50 nm. XRD analysis was affirmed the crystalline nature of metal particles. In-vitro cytotoxic result showed an excellent IC50 value of 155.81μg/ml and 114.74 μg/ml against HepG-2 & MCF-7 cell lines. Conclusion: The current study reveals green synthesized AgNPs possess high cytotoxic action against HepG-2 & MCF-7 cell lines which suggested the use of silver nanoparticles as a medicine to treat hepatic & breast cancer.
Towards a New Religious Narrative in the United States of America?
Authors: García Sergio
Published: August 2019

American secularisation is considered a exceptional case in the Western world because of, on the one hand, the softer way it seems to have occurred in relation to other Western countries and, on the other, the fusion it seems to have been done among Judeo-Christian traditions into what is known as American civil religion. The point proposed before is problematic and needs to be called into questions under the light of both the revisions made to the secularization theory by scholars such as Casanova through the interpretation of empirical data collected through the world about the religiosity of people and the multiple works made about the use of “sacred” language in American public life. However, this paper takes those problematic dimensions for granted in order to deepened into what can be considered another secular human endeavour endowed with a religious spirit, namely: the spirit of Silicon Valley. This new secular-sacred narrative is not just American but is being exported as a narrative with “Messianic” traces that seems to aspire to embrace the whole world. Thus, this article explores the origins and evolution of this narrative in the United States, on the one hand, and the expansion of what can be considered a “salvation” ideology abroad that country, on the other.
A Tunable Nanoplatform of Nanogold Functionalised With Angiogenin Peptides for Anti-angiogenic Therapy of Brain Tumours
Authors: Naletova Irina , Cucci Lorena Maria , D'Angeli Floriana , Anfuso Carmelina Daniela , Magrì Antonio , La Mendola Diego , Lupo Gabriella , Satriano Cristina
Published: August 2019

Angiogenin (ANG), an endogenous protein that plays a key role in cell growth and survival, has been scrutinised here as promising nanomedicine tool for the modulation of pro-/ anti-angiogenic processes in brain cancer therapy. Specifically, peptide fragments from the putative cell membrane binding domain (residues 60-68) of the protein were used in this study to obtain peptide-functionalised spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of about 10 nm and 30 nm in optical and hydrodynamic size, respectively. Different hybrid biointerfaces were fabricated by peptide physical adsorption (Ang60-68) or chemisorption (the cysteine analogous Ang60-68Cys) at the metal nanoparticle surface, and the cellular assays were performed in the comparison with ANG-functionalised AuNPs. Cellular treatments were performed both in basal and in copper-supplemented cell culture medium, to scrutinise the synergic effect of the metal, which is another known angiogenic factor. Two brain cell lines were investigated in parallel, namely tumour glioblastoma (A172) and neuron-like differentiated neuroblastoma (d-SH-SY5Y). Results on cell viability/proliferation, cytoskeleton actin, angiogenin translocation and VEGF release pointed to the promising potentialities of the developed systems as anti-angiogenic tunable nanoplaftforms in cancer cells treatment.
Standardisation of an Agroinfiltration Protocol for Eggplant Fruits and Proving its Usefulness by Over-expressing the SmHQT Gene
Authors: Kaushik Prashant
Published: August 2019

Eggplant is a fruit vegetable of family Solanaceae, and eggplant fruits are of different shape and sizes that render them as an ideal system for metabolic engineering. Here, we have developed an agroinfiltration protocol for the transient expression of a gene in the eggplant fruit using GUS bearing; pCAMBIA1304 vector. Thereafter, to prove the effectiveness of the developed protocol, we have used the eggplant hydroxycinnamoyl CoA-quinate transferase (SmHQT), which is the central enzyme studied to increase the chlorogenic acid content, in a gene construct with the specific promoter in a plant transformation vector (pBIN19). Also, in our cassette, we also co-expressed the P19 protein of Tomato bushy stunt virus (native promoter) to overexpress the protein. Overall, using the protocol, the chlorogenic content was increased by more than two folds in the transgenic tissues.
You Can’t See the Woods for the Trees: Invasive Acer negundo L. In Urban Riparian Forests Harms Biodiversity and Limits Recreation Activity
Authors: Sikorska Daria , Sikorski Piotr , Archiciński Piotr , Chormański Jarosław , Hopkins Richard
Published: August 2019

Public access to high quality green environments has become a key issue for city managers and a matter of environmental justice. Remnants of natural ecosystems allow citizens a direct contact with nature, but conversely the presence of people contributes further to the existing disturbances. Urban pressures on ecosystem remnants may act to favour the expansion of some invasive species in cities. Whilst the negative impacts of invasive species on ecosystem function is well documented little is known how invasive species influence the use of green spaces by people. Here, we examined one of the few remnants of urban riparian forests in Europe, the Vistula river valley in Warsaw which has recently become an attractive recreation site. Despite their high ecological value, the poplar and willow forests have been increasingly taken over by the invasive tree species Acer negundo. We examined the status of the invasion process and the relationship between recreational ecosystem services and the characteristics of the tree stands – tree species, tree density and age and NDVI values. We found the willow forest to be more susceptible to invasion by A. negundo than the poplar forest, which was revealed in significantly higher share of the maple individuals and their greater volume per unit area. Presence of A. negundo affected biodiversity resulting in decreased undergrowth density and number of species. The use intensity by the public, assessed on the basis of trampling intensity and the density of existing informal tracks, were negatively correlated to the presence of A. negundo. This study highlights the need to integrate invasive species management into green infrastructure planning and management.
Geopolíticas de la territorialidad moderna: el Tratado hispano-portugués de Límites de 1864 y la extinción del Couto Mixto (1840–1868)
Authors: García Álvarez Jacobo
Published: August 2019

La gestación del Tratado de Límites hispano-portugués de 1864 y la extinción del llamado Couto Mixto ofrecen un microlaboratorio privilegiado para estudiar algunas de las claves geográficas que fundamentaron el paso del Antiguo Régimen al Estado liberal en los dos países ibéricos. La desaparición de este espacio, escenario del principal contencioso internacional abordado en dicho Tratado, simboliza la imposición sobre las poblaciones de la Raya de la territorialidad estatal moderna, asentada sobre la sustitución de la frontera jurisdiccional por la lineal, de las fronteras difusas por las lineales y de las soberanías híbridas por las exclusivas. Este trabajo analiza dicho proceso a partir de las fuentes archivísticas españolas y portuguesas, así como mediante una lectura geopolítica crítica centrada en los conflictos a que dio lugar, los actores e intereses involucrados en los mismos a distintas escalas, y los discursos y representaciones territoriales que tales actores movilizaron.
Inducing Expression of the BAS1 Gene via the SAG12 Promoter to Delay Flower and Plant Senescence in Transgenic Petunia hybrida
Authors: YAO Xinzhuan , Lu Litang , ZHAO Degang
Published: August 2019

Background: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth, reproduction and response to abiotic and biotic stress.
Results: In transgenic Petunia hybrida , resulting in short stature, dark green leaves, and slowed aging.We demonstrate that the exogenous expression of the SAG12-BAS1 gene results in delayed senescence of flowers. SAG12-BAS1 transgenic lines, grown in the vegetative state, exhibited a range of phenotypic changes, including dark green leaves, short stature, delayed senescence, increased flower bud counts, branching, reduced internode lengths, and delayed flowering. SAG12-BAS1 transgenic expression increased the activity of protective enzymes, reduced malondialdehyde content, and increased chlorophyll content and soluble sugar accumulation in plants. Expression of senescence genes was increased in the transgenic Petunia hybrida compared to wild-type plants.
Conclusions: Our finding suggests that BAS1 could be used as a potential candidate gene regulate plant flower senescence and prolong flower longevity.
The Role of Orthodontics in the Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea OSA in Children: Systematic Review
Authors: Alotaibi Norah , alkhamees Amani , Bilal Rabia
Published: August 2019

Objective

review the effectiveness of the use of different orthodontic oral appliance as a primary or adjective treatment of OSAS in children. methods: systemic search of online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), international Registry Platform for ongoing trials and clinical trails.gov, Embase Ovid, Medline complete) for randomized control trail and non-randomized prospective or retrospective clinical studies published in 2000-2019 that uses oral appliances for the treatment of OSA in children. Study selection was done by 2 reviews.

Results

9 studies were included in the review. Based on the limited evidence oral appliances improve OSA in children measured by the reduction of AHI. Due to heterogeneity of included study designs and reported data meta-analysis was not possible.

Limitation

limited number of studies and study populations. High risk of bias.

Conclusion

oral appliances show a promising improvement in AHI and should be considered as a treatment option for OSA in children
Post Outbreak Evaluation Of One Health Integrated Interventions Of Rift Valley Fever And Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever In Kiboga And Kiruhura Districts, Uganda
Authors: Kungu Joseph Morison , Nsamba Peninah , Wejuli Alfred , Kabasa John D , Bazeyo William
Published: August 2019

Objective: Following containment of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) outbreaks, a post evaluation of the use of a one health approach in management of the reported viral haemorrhagic fevers was conducted in the affected districts of Kiboga and Kiruhura districts in Uganda. This was done through a cross sectional study using participatory epidemiology tools, mainly observation and key informant interviews. Results: The findings indicated that the interventions employed had been successful in the management of the outbreaks and multidisciplinary approach enabled containment of these hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the districts. Although the outbreaks had been contained, delays could have been minimized by undertaking laboratory diagnosis at district level instead of transporting samples to national referral laboratories in Entebbe. Response to the RVF and CCHF challenge could have been delayed by dependence on funding of central government and non governmental organizations due to failure to plan and allocate funds for surveillance and mitigation of diseases outbreaks at district local government levels.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and associated factors on menstrual hygiene among high school students of North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, 2019: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gedefaw Getnet , Endalew Fentanesh , Azmeraw Bitewsh , Walelign Bethelhem , Shitie Eyob
Published: August 2019

Objective Lack of proper menstrual hygiene predisposes women to different infectious and chronic obstetric and gynecological problems. A Facility based cross-sectional study was implemented from October 1- December 10, 2018. The data was collected using structured, pretested questioners among female high school students. Systematic random sampling technique was implemented. Data was entered and analyzed through Epi data 3.1 and SPSS respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, practice and its associated factors of menstrual hygiene among high school students in North Wollo Zone, Woldia, Ethiopia. Results This study revealed that 365(89.2%), 200(48.9%) and 196(47.9%) of the study participants have good knowledge, good practice and good attitude about menstrual hygiene respectively. Being grade 10 students [AOR=3.96, 95% CI =2.0-7.8], and having good practice of menstrual hygiene (AOR=2.52, 95% CI= 1.26-5) had positive association with menstrual hygiene knowledge. Maternal education level (AOR=1.86, 95% CI=1.18-2.9), being grade 10 students (AOR =2.3, 95% CI=1.48-3.56) were associated factors for practicing menstrual hygiene. Being grade 10 students (AOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2-2.8), age ≥18 years (AOR=1.67, 95% CI=1.09-2.55) were statistically and positively associated with the attitude of menstrual hygiene.
Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with ocular infections at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A 10-years retrospective study
Authors: Seifu Daniel , Tesfaye Amanuel , Yiheyis Zufan , Mohammed Mekin , Belay Gizeaddis , Eshete Setegn , Belachew Teshome
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify potential bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients who visited eye clinic of Gondar university hospital.

Results: From year of January 2009 to January 2019 a total of 319 eye discharge specimens were submitted for microbiological analysis, of which 133(41.7%) were culture positive. A total of 42(31.6%) Gram negatives and 91(68.4%) Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. Among isolated Gram-negative bacterial species, Klebsiella spp was the most predominant, 42.9% followed by E. coli 26.2%. Among isolated Gram-positive pathogenic bacterial species, S. aureus was the most prevalent, 59.5% followed by S. pyogenes , 8% and S. pneumoniae , 5.5%. Most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, 81.6%, amoxicillin, 78.7%, tetracycline,76.2%, and ampicillin 75.9%. About 47.4 % of bacterial isolates showed multi drug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials. Antimicrobials like: ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin exhibited year to year increment of resistance (p<0.0001).
A defined grey zone with in fetal growth curves for predicting adverse neonatal morbidity in fetuses being small for their gestational age at term in uncomplicated pregnancies
Authors: Sahin Mefkure Eraslan , Madendag Ilknur Col , Sahin Erdem , Madendag Yusuf , Ozdemir Fatma , Tayyar Ahter Tanay , Acmaz Gokhan , Muderris Iptisam Ipek
Published: August 2019

Background: “Small for gestational age” (SGA) is a term used to define an important risk factor for both neonatal morbidity and mortality. Our hypothesis suggests that adverse neonatal morbidity (ANM) in fetuses can occur when the birth weight is closer to 10th percentile. For example, although a fetus with a birth weight within the 11th or 12th percentile is appropriate for gestational age (AGA), it is difficult to clearly distinguish these fetuses from SGA fetuses for ANM; therefore we suggest defining a transition zone, or “grey zone”, for ANM. The aim of the present study was to examine ANM frequency in fetuses using this newly defined grey-zone percentile.
Methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 7,817 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and single deliveries between 37 0/7 and 41 6/7 gestational weeks. The babies were divided into groups according to birth weight percentiles as follows: (1) SGA, (2) 10–20 percentile, and 21–90 percentile. The primary outcome was ANM, defined as any of the following: Apgar score <4 at 5 min; respiratory distress; mechanical ventilation; intraventricular hemorrhage, grade III or IV; necrotizing enterocolitis, stage 2 or 3; neonatal sepsis, stillbirth or neonatal death.
Results: Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the mothers were similar among the groups. ANM rates were 10.7% in the SGA group, 6.8% in the 10–20 percentile group, and 2.1% in the 21–90 percentile group, a significant difference. ANM was 5-fold higher in the SGA group and 3.2-fold higher in the 10–20 percentile group than in the 21–90 percentile group. Delivery induction or augmentation, cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate or fetal distress, apgar score <4 at 5 min, mechanical ventilation, neonatal sepsis, stillbirth, or neonatal death significantly increased in the 10–20 percentile group compared with those in the 21–90 percentile group.
Conclusion: In uncomplicated pregnancies, ANM for SGA fetuses born at term are significantly worse than that for AGA fetuses. Fetuses with a birth weight within the 10–20 percentile (grey zone) had a significant increased risk of ANM than those within the 21–90 percentile.
Factors associated with smartphone addiction risk in preschool children
Authors: Park Jeong Hye
Published: August 2019

Background

This study aimed to identify the factors associated with smartphone addiction risk among preschool children. Thus far, little is known about these factors in younger children compared to older children or adolescents, although the age at first use of a smartphone is decreasing.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were obtained from the nationwide survey on smartphone overdependence conducted in 2017 in South Korea by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. Data from 1,378 preschool children were analysed using binominal logistic regression analysis. This study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology.

Results

Of the samples, 17.1% showed a risk of smartphone addiction. The odds of high risk for smartphone addiction increased with the duration of smartphone use during the week and the frequency of smartphone use over the weekend. Using smartphones to watch TV shows and videos significantly increased the odds of smartphone addiction risk, whereas using smartphones for education and games did not.

Conclusions

The findings of the present study showed that, similar to children in other age groups, preschool children were also exposed to the risk of smartphone addiction. To reduce smartphone addiction risk in these children, parents should be aware of their risk of smartphone addiction and consider allowing their children less than 30 minutes of smartphone use during the week and more opportunities for physical activities especially over the weekend. Our findings also suggested that parent-centred education needs to be provided to correct parents’ perceptions. Information on smartphone addiction should be provided to parents along with an explanation that children’s smartphone use for educational purposes is beneficial; however, its use for the parents’ convenience or other purposes was not.
Giving women WOICE postpartum: prevalence of maternal morbidity using the WHO-WOICE instrument
Authors: MN Lamus , Lozano Stephanie , CM Charles , JP Guida , MA Parpinelli , Cecatti JG , Vidarte MF , Lale Say , Chou D , Costa Maria Laura
Published: August 2019

Background

There are no accurate estimates of the prevalence of non-severe maternal morbidities. Given the lack of instruments to fully assess these morbidities, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument called WOICE.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of non-severe maternal morbidities in puerperal women and analyses factors associated to impaired clinical, social and mental health conditions.

Method

A cross-sectional study with 519 postpartum women in a single encounter 6 to 12 weeks postpartum. The WOICE questionnaire included three sections: the first with maternal and obstetric history, sociodemographic data, risk and environment factors, violence and sexual health; The second considers functionality and disability, general symptoms and mental health; and the third includes data on physical and laboratory tests. Data collection was supported by Tablets with REDCAP software. Initially, a descriptive analysis was performed, with general prevalence of all variables contained in the WOICE, including scales on anxiety and depression (GAD-7 and PHQ-9- altered if ≥10), functionality (WHODAS- altered when ≥37.4) and data on violence and substance use. Subsequently, an evaluation of cases with alterations was performed, with a logistic regression to investigate factors associated to impaired non-clinical and clinical conditions.

Results

517 women were included, majority (54.3%) multiparous, ages between 20 and 34 years (65.4%) and with partner (75,6%). Over a quarter had (26.2%) preterm birth, however good perinatal outcomes. Around a third (30.2%) reported health problems informed by the physician, although more than 80% considered having good or very good health. About 10% reported any substance and 5.9% suffered violence. Anxiety was identified in 19.8% of cases, depression in 36.9% and altered functioning in 4.4% of women. Logistic regression identified that poor overall health rating was associated to increased anxiety/depression and impaired functioning. Having a partner reduces the perception of women on the presence of clinical morbidities.

Conclusion

During postpartum care, women presented high frequency of anxiety and depression and relevant frequency of substance use and violence. These aspects of women´s health need further evaluation and specific interventions to improve quality of care.
Zu den Situationen selbst! Ein Vorschlag zur Reform der Phänomenologie
Authors: Großheim Michael
Published: August 2019

Parola »K samim stvarima!«, koju je formulirao Edmund Husserl, bila je vrlo utjecajna bez obzira na njenu višeznačnost (a možda upravo zbog nje). Da bi se i danas mogla preporučiti kao adekvatni moto fenomenološkog filozofiranja, autor u tekstu daje prijedlog koji se tiče kako aspekta povratka, tako i aspekta samih stvari. Taj prijedlog nadovezuje se na inspirativnu ideju mladog Heideggera »da se u razgrađujućem vraćanju unazad prodre do izvornih motivacijskih vrela eksplikacije«. Ono što je Heideggeru bilo na umu u prvoj polovini drugog desetljeća proš- log stoljeća, dalje se razrađuje pomoću pojmova Nove fenomenologije Hermanna Schmitza. Na taj se način osnovni impuls fenomenološkog filozofiranja može rekonstruirati kao vraćanje od preglednih »konstelacija« filozofske tradicije ka kompleksnim »situacijama« životnog iskustva.
Mutual and solidary incorporation as elementary forms of social cognition
Authors: Nörenberg Henning
Published: August 2019

U ovom radu istražujem tjelesnu dimenziju osnovnih oblika društvene spoznaje. Argumentiram da rasprave o »participatory sense-making« i zajedničkom utjelovljenju kao fenomenologijski dostupnoj dimenziji mogu dati vrijedne koncepcijske alate za predrefleksivan, tjelesno organiziran osjećaj za egzistenciju drugih subjekata. Međutim, isto tako argumentiram da tjelesni osjećaj dijeljenja, kako je naznačen tim raspravama, nije dovoljno informativan kada se u obzir uzmu nedavni pronalasci u raspravama o »kolektivnoj intencionalnosti«. Prema tome, predla- žem da se kao alternativa nanovo razmotri pojam »solidarne utjelovljenosti« kako se pojavljuje u djelu Hermanna Schmitza.
Problem of variability and stability in language/dialect
Authors: Jutronić Dunja
Published: August 2019

1. Iznosim svoje istraživanje o promjenama u splitskom govoru samo na sintaktičkom nivou: a. Konstrukcija »od + genitiv« (prsten od zlata umjesto zlatni prsten); b. Miješanje lokativa i akuzativa (Bija san u Split umjesto Bija san u Splitu); c. Konstrukcija mi je > me. (Draga me Ravena umjesto Draga mi je Ravena); d. Čakavski dijalekt dobio je svoje ime prema upitno-relativnoj zamjenici ča (ča radiš?) koje se sve više zamjenjuje sa standardnim oblikom što/šta.
2. Pokušavam odgovoriti na pitanja: što je ostalo od splitske dijalektalne sintakse? Zašto su neke varijable nestale, dok su neke u vrlo aktivnoj upotrebi u ovom urbanom vernakularu? Koristim se principom istaknutosti (‘principle of salience’) u objašnjenju ovih jezičnih promjena.
3. Na osnovi predstavljenog istraživanja okrećem se filozofskom pitanju problema varijabilnosti i stabilnosti u jeziku o kojem se govori i raspravlja u filozofiji jezika. Naime, američ- ki filozof Georges Rey (2006) brani mišljenje da standardni jezični entiteti (poput fonema, morfema itd.) zapravo ne postoje već su to sve intencionalno nepostojeći entiteti. Jedan od problema za postojanje tih jezičnih entiteta je upravo varijabilnost unutar jezične zajednice. Georges Rey tvrdi da je varijabilnost glavni (ako ne i krucijalni) problem u identifikaciji jezičnih entiteta. To isto pitanje o varijabilnosti možemo postaviti i za dijalekte. Je li varijabilnost stvarni problem za njihovu identifikaciju i postojanje? Ovdje pokušavam pokazati da Reyeva tvrdnja nema osnove.
Odyssey of dwelling
Authors: Salihu Astrit
Published: August 2019

Glavni je fokus ovog članka problem stanovanja u filozofiji i arhitekturi. U problemu stvorenom ovim načinom nametanja objašnjenja stanovanja u modernizmu, započeta je velika debata gdje se iznova promišlja stanovanje kao relevantno pitanje za stvorene probleme i istovremeno kao neposredan način izazova mogućim alternativama izlaženja iz zastoja do kojih je dovela moderna sa svojim idejama i vizijama. Glavna figura novog promišljanja arhitekture izvan modernističkih shema norveški je arhitekt Christian Norberg­Schulz. Inspiriran Martinom Heideggerom i Mauriceom Merleau­Pontyjem, pokušat će postići koherentnu argumentaciju o narazdvojivosti prostora i egzistencije, ili o egzistencijalnom korijenu arhitektonskog prostora. Pretpostavka ove teze kontestira indiferenciju i svojevoljnost modernih arhitekata, koji samoutemeljuju arhitektonsku projekciju izostavljajući fundamentalni segment prostorne egzistencije čovjeka. Udubljivanjem u problematiku egzistencijalnog i arhitektonskog prostora, evidentiranjem tijesnog nadovezivanja među njima, Norberg­Schulz će razviti jedan, ne malo diskutirani pojam: pojam genius loci. Njegovim će se pristupom napokon apstinirati od samoutemeljenja moderne, i od njene nulte premise odbacivanja tradicije u kojoj će se povratiti kontekst, eklekticizam i rehabilitacija tradicionalnog. Na ovom putu pojam genius loci nameće se kao potpomažući u jasnom i drugačijem definiranju arhitekture koja je u stalnom izazovu naše egzistencije. Ovaj članak pokušava eksplicirati teorijsku konzekvencu problema stanovanja, kao osi našeg bitka.
On Foucault’s stoicism and Hegel’s critique of the stoic point of view in relation to the problem of freedom
Authors: Türkyılmaz Çetin
Published: August 2019

Da bi se razumjela Hegelova kritika stoicizma u svezi problema slobode, argumentiram da je važno cijeniti neke Foucaultove ideje te ideje fukoovskog kruga. Započet ću raspravljajući o Foucaultovoj referenci na grčko­rimsku filozofiju u njegovim predavanjima na Collège de France. U tim predavanjima, služeći se Hadotovom koncepcijom duhovnih vježbi, pokušava utvrditi etiku sebstva na osnovi koncepcije subjektivne slobode. Nakon toga, bavim se Hegelovom kritikom stoicizma na osnovi stoičke teorije oikeiōsisa. Hegelova interpretacija navedene teorije osnova je njegovog kritičkog stava prema stoicizmu. Postoji veza između stoicizma i Foucaultova kasnijeg perioda misli s obzirom na koncept slobode, u potpunosti temeljenog na subjektivnosti. Na kraju rada, nadam se pokazati da nam Hegelova kritika stoičke etike daje priliku kritizirati subjektivno gledište u pogledu problema slobode.
Transnationalism and identity reconfigurations; the symbolic battlefield
Authors: Black Eddie
Published: August 2019

Identidad y etnicidad son dos de las más importantes categorías en los estudios sociales y actualmente estos conceptos están en redefinición y reconstrucción, por cambios geopolíticos y socioculturales que han afectado el significado convencional de estas categorías, precipitadas por el proceso de globalización y la crisis del proyecto de modernidad. En este contexto, la cuestión clave es ¿cuáles son las implicaciones de la posesión y utilización de múltiples identidades étnicas y nacionales?En una aproximación transnacional, esto tiene una crucial relevancia porque invita a revisar las categorías de ciudadanía, identificación y pertenecía en términos holísticos y proporciona enlaces con las categorías de poder, movilidad y clase. Este ensayo orienta esta cuestión focalizando en tres aspectos: primero, la relación entre identidad de estados –nación y ciudadanía, y como esta relación es afectada por prácticas transnacionales. Segundo, como el transnacionalismo y la migración amenazan las pertenencias fronterizas, produciendo nuevas confusiones en las identidades colectivas e individuales, y finalmente el conjunto de prácticas de resistencia que emergen de ciertos grupos de migrantes quienes poseen y usan múltiples identidades étnicas y nacionales –estatales, especialmente en relación con el poder y el significado simbólico en países anfitriones–.