bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Balance Training on Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in Persons With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Beyraghi Zivar , Khanmohammadi Roya , Hadian Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

Background:

The combination of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with balance training could integrate central and peripheral neural mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of concurrent balance training and tDCS over the supplementary motor area (SMA) on anticipatory postural adjustments during gait initiation (GI) in persons with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Hypothesis:

Balance training will increase the center of pressure (COP) velocity and displacement during GI phases in all participants, and those receiving real tDCS will show greater increases.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Methods:

A total of 32 subjects were allocated to 2 groups: (1) intervention (balance training plus real tDCS) and (2) control (balance training plus sham tDCS). Outcome measures were COP-related parameters (displacement and velocity) during phases of GI (anticipatory, weight transition, and locomotor).

Results:

The results showed that, in the anticipatory phase, the anteroposterior displacement of the COP was increased significantly at posttest relative to pretest across both groups, F(1,30) = 5.733, P = 0.02. In addition, both groups revealed an increase in the mediolateral COP velocity at posttest, F(1,30) = 10.523, P < 0.01. In the weight transition phase, both groups had higher mediolateral COP velocity at posttest, F(1,30) = 30.636, P < 0.01. In the locomotor phase, in both groups, the anteroposterior COP velocity was increased significantly at posttest compared with pretest, F(1,30) = 5.883, P = 0.02.

Conclusion:

Both groups demonstrated improvements in the anticipatory and execution phases of GI. Since no between-group difference was found, it can be interpreted that the anodal tDCS applied over the SMA has no added value over sham stimulation.

Clinical Relevance:

Balance training is beneficial for persons with CAI and can improve the anticipation and execution phases of GI without the aid of brain stimulation.
Increased CD123 + HLA-DR− Granulocytes in Allergic Rhinitis and Influence of Allergens on Expression of Cell Membrane Markers
Authors: Xie Hua , Zhang Huiyun , Chen Dong , Cheng Lei , Gu Fangqiu , Wang Shunlan , Liu Meicen , Li Li , Zeng Qingwei , He Shaoheng
Published: May 2024

Background

It is reported that CD123 + HLA-DR- cells in PBMC are basophils, and CD203c, CD63, and FcεRI molecules are activation markers of basophils. However, little is known of CD123 + HLA-DR-cells in blood granulocytes.

Objective

To investigate the presence of CD123 + HLA-DR- cells in the blood granulocytes and peripheral PBMC of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), as well as the impact of allergens on the cell membrane markers of basophils.

Methods

Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of the membrane molecules.

Results

While CD123 + HLA-DR- PBMCs are representative of basophils, their presence did not significantly change in patients with AR. In contrast, both the percentage and number of CD123 + HLA-DR- granulocytes, which make up only up to 50% of basophils, were significantly increased in patients with seasonal (sAR) and perennial AR (pAR). CD63+, CD203c+, and FcεRIα+ cells within CD123 + HLA-DR- granulocytes also showed enhanced activity in patients with AR. Allergen extracts from house dust mite allergen extract (HDME) and Artemisia sieversiana wild extract further increased the number of CD123 + HLA-DR- cells in granulocytes of sAR and pAR patients, as well as in PBMCs of pAR patients.

Conclusions

The use of CD123 + HLA-DR- granulocytes and PBMC may not be sufficient for diagnosing AR. Allergens could potentially contribute to the development of AR by influencing the number of CD123 + HLA-DR- cells, as well as the expression of CD63, CD203c, and FcεRIαin these cells.
The inner tube effect
Authors: Thornton Ian M. , Zdravković Sunčica , Todorović Dejan
Published: May 2024

We describe a novel size illusion in which targets appear to either shrink or grow when enclosed within a narrow tube. The direction of size change is determined by the contrast step between display elements. We first noticed this effect in the context of the dynamic “rocking line” illusion (RLI), but it can also be easily seen in completely static displays. As with the RLI, the overall scale of the display seems to play an important role. We provide an online, interactive demo, enabling the reader to explore the relevant parameter space.
Knowledge and misconceptions of choking and first-aid procedures among Syrian adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ranjous Yahia , Al Balkhi Abdulrahman , Alnader Ibrahim , Rkab Majd , Ataya Jamal , Abouharb Raed
Published: May 2024

Background:

Choking is a critical emergency that occurs when foreign objects obstruct the airways. It commonly affects young children, older people, individuals with developmental disabilities, those with acquired or lifelong disability, and those with mental health conditions. Symptoms can vary, ranging from coughing to cyanosis.

Aim:

Our study aims to evaluate Syrian adults’ knowledge of choking and their understanding of first-aid procedures. Specifically, we will assess the prevalence of misconceptions in order to train community members and increase their level of knowledge about first aid for choking. Ultimately, our goal is to reduce deaths resulting from this critical condition.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study aims to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding choking among adults in Syria. The targeted population consists of Syrians aged between 18 and 45 years who reside in Syria. Data were collected through an online survey, disseminated via social media platforms from March to July 2022. Scores were computed to quantify levels of knowledge, with participants achieving a score of 16 or higher classified as having a high level of knowledge. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and chi-square tests.

Results:

A total of 406 responded to the survey, with 246 (60.6%) scoring less than 16 points, indicating a low level of knowledge. Gender and place of residency were not correlated with knowledge level p = 0.249, p = 0.913, respectively). Participants employed in the medical field, those who had received training in first aid, and individuals with higher levels of education exhibited higher levels of knowledge. However, the level of knowledge was below expectations for these groups.

Conclusion:

There should be an increase in the availability of first-aid courses to the public and improvements in hands-on training for physicians and medical trainees.
Exploring pharmacovigilance practices and knowledge among healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional multicenter study
Authors: Hayek Abdulkader , Sridhar Sathvik B , Rabbani Syed Arman , Shareef Javed , Wadhwa Tarun
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Healthcare professionals’ awareness of adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance practices differ by country. The study assesses healthcare professionals’ knowledge, practice, and potential barriers to pharmacovigilance-related practices and reporting adverse drug reaction.

Methods:

A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in government and private healthcare settings. The study included licensed physicians, pharmacists, and nurses. To examine knowledge, practice, and potential barriers to pharmacovigilance-related practices and adverse drug reaction reporting, a 22-item validated questionnaire was used.

Results:

The final analysis included 311 healthcare professionals. Most healthcare professionals, 59% ( N = 182), mentioned encountering patients with adverse drug reactions during the last year. On the other hand, most healthcare professionals, 54% ( n = 167), mentioned that they had not reported adverse drug reactions. A good proportion of respondents mentioned that it is essential to report adverse drug reactions ( N = 288, 92.6%), availability of adverse drug reactions reporting forms in practice sites ( N = 216, 69.5%), had awareness regarding how to report adverse drug reactions ( N = 221, 71.1%), the necessity of reporting minor/less important adverse drug reactions ( N = 265, 85.2%), and were trained on how to report adverse drug reactions ( N = 201, 64.6%). Adverse drug reaction reporting program in the United Arab Emirates ( N = 148, 47.6) was known to many healthcare professionals. Lack of time was the major impediment to reporting adverse drug reactions at 42.7% ( N = 133). The predictor variable work experience does add to the model ( p < 0.05) concerning association with filling of adverse drug reaction forms (Estimate = 0.380; SE = 0.452; p = 0.400), professional role (Estimate = 0.454; SE = 0.673; p = 0.500). In addition, the predictor variable practice setting adds to the model ( p < 0.05) concerning the knowledge regarding the availability of adverse drug reaction reporting forms (Estimate = −1.229; SE = 0.298; p = 0.000), training on how to report adverse drug reactions (Estimate = −0.660; SE = 0.294; p = 0.025), and awareness regarding the adverse drug reaction reporting program in the United Arab Emirates (Estimate = −1.032; SE = 0.280; p = 0.000).

Conclusion:

Pharmacists had the most knowledge regarding adverse drug reaction reporting and pharmacovigilance. The underreporting of adverse drug reactions was documented among physicians and nurses. Lack of time was the most significant barrier to reporting adverse drug reactions, followed by uncertainty and complicated adverse drug reaction documentation forms.
Illness intrusiveness, health locus of control, and anxiety symptoms among veterans with congestive heart failure
Authors: Priorello Laura Jean , Arbona Consuelo
Published: May 2024

Disease severity, illness intrusiveness, and health locus of control (HLC) each contribute to psychosocial wellbeing in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To better understand the relationships between these variables regarding anxiety symptoms, we analyzed data from 116 adult male veterans with comorbid CHF and anxiety. Results suggested that illness intrusiveness significantly mediated the relation of CHF severity to anxiety symptom severity, and that the illness intrusiveness domains of physical well-being/diet, work/finances, and other aspects of life (religious/spirituality, community/civic, self-improvement/expression) were also significant mediators of that relationship. The relation of illness intrusiveness to anxiety was not moderated by internal HLC. Findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating various aspects of illness intrusiveness to manage anxiety symptoms in CHF patients.
Evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of a digital health intervention to community-based rehabilitation in older adults: A cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Xue Caixiu , Xu Lei , Yang Ke , Wang Jia , Xie Xiaohui , Zhou Wansha , Liu Qilan , Deng Renli , Wang Lianhong
Published: May 2024

Objective

The escalating global aging population underscores the need to effectively manage geriatric diseases, constituting a significant public health concern. Community-based rehabilitation has emerged as a crucial and accessible paradigm for the rehabilitation of older adults. In China, however, the practical implementation of community-based rehabilitation faces formidable challenges, including a dearth of specialized rehabilitation therapists, substantial disparities between demand and supply, and suboptimal satisfaction rates. We aimed to develop a community-based rehabilitation management platform for older adults centered around digital health technology, with the plan to conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial to gather more evidence to explore the best practices and service models of community-based rehabilitation based on digital health technology.

Methods

This cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted in Zunyi City, China. We will recruit 286 adults aged ≥60 years and randomly allocate 20 subdistricts in a 1:1 ratio into either the intervention group, which will use the Rehabilitation Journey application, or the control group, which will be given a Rehabilitation Information Booklet for Older Adults. Both groups will undergo a 12-month rehabilitation management program, encompassing six months of guidance and an additional six months of follow-up through online and offline methods. The evaluation indicators will be assessed at enrollment and at 3rd, 6th, and 12th month.

Discussion

This study endeavors to furnish novel insights to develop a tailored community-based rehabilitation management program for older adults, delivering customized, intelligent, and precise rehabilitation services.
The impact of internet health information usage habits on older adults’ e-health literacy
Authors: Ye Wei
Published: May 2024

Objective

As the demand and supply sides of popular health services increasingly rely on the Internet, mastering e-health literacy should become an essential skill for older adults. The aim of this article is to analyse the effects of Internet health information usage habits on older adults’ e- health literacy and to investigate the influencing mechanisms.

Methods

Using a combination of random sampling and convenient sampling, data were collected through questionnaire surveys. Data from 776 older adults was analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression to analyse.

Results

The mean scores for all aspects of older adults’ habits of using health information on the Internet and electronic health literacy were relatively high. There was no statistically significant difference in the predictive power of the three aspects of electronic health literacy among older adults with different genders, health statuses, education levels and ages ( p > 0.05). The four factors of older adults’ habits of using Internet health information can increase the explanatory power of application ability, judgment ability and decision-making ability in Model 2 by 53.7%, 46.2% and 57%, respectively, with statistical significance ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The better the habits of older adults in using health information on the Internet, the higher their level of electronic health literacy. Families, communities and social groups should help older adults use online health resources to improve their e-health literacy. Older adults can use WeChat or other interpersonal information platforms to share online health information with each other.
Impact of 3D imaging techniques and virtual patients on the accuracy of planning and surgical placement of dental implants: A systematic review
Authors: Saini Ravinder S , Bavabeedu Shashit Shetty , Quadri Syed Altafuddin , Gurumurthy Vishwanath , Kanji Masroor Ahmed , Kuruniyan Mohammed Saheer , Binduhayyim Rayan Ibrahim H , Avetisyan Anna , Heboyan Artak
Published: May 2024

Aim

The integration of advanced technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities and virtual simulations, has significantly influenced contemporary approaches to preoperative planning in implant dentistry. Through a meticulous analysis of relevant studies, this review synthesizes findings related to accuracy outcomes in implant placement facilitated by 3D imaging in virtual patients.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across relevant databases to identify relevant studies published to date. The inclusion criteria were studies utilizing 3D imaging techniques, virtual patients, and those focusing on the accuracy of dental implant planning and surgical placement. The selected studies were critically appraised for their methodological quality.

Results

After a rigorous analysis, 21 relevant articles were included out of 3021 articles. This study demonstrates the versatility and applicability of these technologies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Integrating Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), cone bean computed tomography (CBCT), and advanced 3D reconstruction methodologies showcases a trend toward enhanced precision in implant planning and placement. Notably, the evaluation parameters varied, encompassing distances, discrepancies, and deviations in the implant placement. The ongoing integration of systems such as dynamic navigation systems, augmented reality, and sophisticated software platforms shows a promising trajectory for the continued refinement of virtual reality applications in dental implantology, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical implementation. Moreover, using stereolithographic surgical guides, virtual planning with CBCT data, and 3D-printed templates consistently demonstrates enhanced precision in dental implant placement compared to traditional methods.

Conclusion

The synthesis of the available evidence underscores the substantial positive impact of 3D imaging techniques and virtual patients on dental implant planning and surgical placement accuracy. Utilizing these technologies contributes to a more personalized and precise approach that enhances overall treatment outcomes. Future research directions and potential refinements to the application of these technologies in clinical practice should be discussed.
Using Trentham’s principle of inverse consistency to vet models of human development for use in Christian educator preparation programs
Authors: Swisher Jill , Doyle Lori
Published: May 2024

This article aims to utilize Trentham’s Inverse Consistency Protocol (ICP) to appraise human development models for use within Christian educator preparation programs. The authors propose that the ICP can be applied to any secular paradigms to discern potential areas of inconsistency with an institution’s faith tradition. To illustrate application of the ICP in this way, Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) model was provided as an example of one model of human development that is widely taught in educator preparation programs. The ZPD model was submitted through the four-step inverse consistency protocol. Findings suggest that ICP is a reflective tool for engaging with the social sciences with integrity after protocol results indicated that ZPD is an appropriate model for use by Christian educators when used responsibly. Implications for extended use of ICP are discussed.
The Tonnetz at First Sight: Cognitive Issues of Human–Computer Interaction with Pitch Spaces
Authors: Besada José L. , Bisesi Erica , Guichaoua Corentin , Andreatta Moreno
Published: May 2024

Pitch spaces allow pitch relations to be expressed through geometrical representations for many different purposes. The Tonnetz is a well-known pitch space in the field of music theory; equivalent representations have been described in the field of cognitive science, especially Krumhansl's model of perceived triadic distance. Despite her empirical approach, we know very little about the way people interact, cognitively speaking, with Tonnetz-based computational platforms involving multimodal stimuli. Our study has approached this issue by means of empirical experimentation for the first time. A total of 88 participants, with varying backgrounds in music and mathematics, were asked to interact with a Tonnetz interface; they did not have prior knowledge of this pitch space. Results of our experiment confirmed our main hypotheses. On the one hand, strong skills in music theory are needed to partially grasp the overall structure of the Tonnetz at first sight; this aspect is mainly related to the quality recognition of triads and the detection of shared pitch classes in harmonic motions. On the other hand, the particular geometry of the Tonnetz may bias this understanding when non-functional harmonic sequences are displayed on it.
Autograft Reoperation Following the Ross Procedure: Evolving Strategies and Future Perspectives
Authors: Generali Tommaso , McPherson Iain , Visan Alexandru C. , Mohamed Amir , Salem Mahmoud I. , Jansen Katrijn , Coats Louise , Rybicka Justyna , Crossland David , Hasan Asif , Nassar Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Background: Pulmonary autograft failure remains a cause of reoperation following the Ross procedure. The aim of this study is to describe our evolving approach to autograft reoperations. Methods: Retrospective study of all patients who underwent a pulmonary autograft reoperation following a Ross procedure between June 1997 and July 2022. Results: Two-hundred and thirty-five Ross procedures were performed. Thirty-six patients (15%) plus one referral underwent an autograft reoperation at a median of 7.8 years (IQR 4.6-13.6). The main indication was: neoaortic root dilatation associated with mild/moderate (n = 12) or severe (n = 8) aortic regurgitation; isolated severe aortic regurgitation (n = 6); infective endocarditis (IE) (n = 8); and aortic root pseudoaneurysm with no history of IE (n = 3). The autograft was spared in 29 cases (78%): 9 patients (24%) underwent aortic valve repair or aortic root remodeling, 15 patients (40%) aortic root reimplantation, 5 patients neoaortic root stabilization with a Personalized External Aortic Root Support (PEARS) sleeve. There were no in-hospital deaths. At a median follow up of 37 months (IQR 8-105), all patients were alive, 30 (81%) were asymptomatic. Eight patients (22%) required nine further reoperations. Estimated freedom from further reoperation was 90%, 72%, and 72% at 12-, 36-, and 60-months. Conclusions: Autograft reoperations following the Ross procedure can be safely performed and do not affect overall survival in the early and mid-term. Valve-sparing autograft replacement is technically feasible but remains at risk of further interventions. Alternative strategies, such as the PEARS sleeve, are becoming increasingly available but requires validation in the long term.
Complex Atrial Baffling Procedures in Left Isomerism With Right- and Left-Hand Topology
Authors: Al Kindi Hamood , Kandachar Pranav , Mohsen Abdullah , Al Balushi Abdullah , Al Abri Ismail , Maddali Madan , Anderson Robert H.
Published: May 2024

We describe complex atrial baffling procedures in the setting of left isomerism with right-hand as opposed to left-handed ventricular topology. An appropriate understanding of the connections of the systemic and pulmonary veins, along with the internal atrial anatomy, as revealed using 3D printing, allowed for successful biventricular repair.
Quality of Life Measured Using the BODY-Q After Adolescent Gynecomastia Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Karpinski Marta , Tuen Young Ji , Courtemanche Rebecca , Arneja Jugpal S.
Published: May 2024

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to seek feedback from patients. Knowledge gaps exist regarding outcomes in adolescents postgynecomastia surgery. This study assesses adolescent patients’ quality of life postgynecomastia surgery using a PROM specific for body contouring procedures, and identifies patient and treatment factors associated with quality of life scores. Methods: Adolescent patients undergoing surgical treatment for Simon grades I, IIa, or IIb gynecomastia from May 2009 to November 2022 at British Columbia Children's Hospital were invited to complete the Body Contouring Questionnaire (BODY-Q) Satisfaction with Chest and Psychological Function scales. Raw scores were Rasch transformed (scale 0-100), averaged, and compared to normative scores. Body mass index (BMI), Simon grade, postoperative complication, and revision procedure information were collected from medical charts and analyzed for associations with BODY-Q scores. Results: Thirty-seven of 76 patients (48.7%) completed the BODY-Q. At the time of survey completion, the median age of participants was 23.3 years, and the median BMI was 26.5. The median time from surgery to survey completion was 7 years. Median scores on the Satisfaction with Chest and Psychological Function scales were 70 and 71, respectively, which were significantly higher than normative scores of unaffected males on the same scales ( P = .0004 and P = .0014, respectively). Undergoing a revision procedure was associated with significantly worse satisfaction with chest appearance ( P = .045). Conclusion: Patients who underwent gynecomastia surgery report better satisfaction with chest appearance and psychological function, as measured by the BODY-Q, compared to unaffected males of similar age and BMI. These results may play an important role in destigmatizing gynecomastia surgery for adolescents.
Intracochlear Recording of Electrocochleography During and After Cochlear Implant Insertion Dependent on the Location in the Cochlea
Authors: Haumann Sabine , Timm Max E. , Büchner Andreas , Lenarz Thomas , Salcher Rolf B.
Published: May 2024

To preserve residual hearing during cochlear implant (CI) surgery it is desirable to use intraoperative monitoring of inner ear function (cochlear monitoring). A promising method is electrocochleography (ECochG). Within this project the relations between intracochlear ECochG recordings, position of the recording contact in the cochlea with respect to anatomy and frequency and preservation of residual hearing were investigated. The aim was to better understand the changes in ECochG signals and whether these are due to the electrode position in the cochlea or to trauma generated during insertion. During and after insertion of hearing preservation electrodes, intraoperative ECochG recordings were performed using the CI electrode (MED-EL). During insertion, the recordings were performed at discrete insertion steps on electrode contact 1. After insertion as well as postoperatively the recordings were performed at different electrode contacts. The electrode location in the cochlea during insertion was estimated by mathematical models using preoperative clinical imaging, the postoperative location was measured using postoperative clinical imaging. The recordings were analyzed from six adult CI recipients. In the four patients with good residual hearing in the low frequencies the signal amplitude rose with largest amplitudes being recorded closest to the generators of the stimulation frequency, while in both cases with severe pantonal hearing losses the amplitude initially rose and then dropped. This might be due to various reasons as discussed in the following. Our results indicate that this approach can provide valuable information for the interpretation of intracochlearly recorded ECochG signals.
Measuring Gender Status Beliefs
Authors: Montgomery Bradley , Park Hyomin , Barry Burrill Leanne , Melamed David
Published: May 2024

The implicit association test (IAT) is designed to reduce socially desirable responses and capture implicit associations between two social categories. Prior work has used and expanded on the IAT to capture implicit status beliefs, but tests of the specific images and words used to denote status and gender are lacking. Here, the authors (1) identify specific images to best elicit implicit stereotypical gender differentiation, (2) identify specific words to best distinguish relative status, and (3) assess the test-retest reliability of a full and a brief gender status IAT. First, the authors find that images presented in grayscale, rather than images presented in color, best elicit implicit gender categorization. The authors also identify five male and five female images that best elicit implicit stereotypical gender categorization. Second, the findings show that status words and evaluation words load on unique factors (highlighting that the status words are not merely capturing evaluations), and the authors identify five specific words that best distinguish implicit relative status. Third, the authors find that the standard long-form IAT has a more acceptable test-retest reliability than the brief IAT. The authors conclude with suggestions on how to further refine the measure and how it might be applied in research.
A pediatric and young adult case of unclassified renal cell carcinoma with medullary phenotype (RCCU-MP): Clinical course and treatment
Authors: van der Beek Justine N , Uittenboogaard Aniek , de Krijger Ronald R , Duijkers Floor AM , Meijs Marieke JM , Baard Joyce , Vermeulen Marijn A , Liebrechts-Akkerman Germaine , Janssens Geert O , van der Voorn J. Patrick , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Littooij Annemieke S , Mavinkurve-Groothuis Annelies MC
Published: May 2024

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney tumor in adults. RCC is rare in children, although its incidence increases in the second decade of life. Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and often aggressive RCC subtype characterized by complete loss of SMARCB1/INI1, predominantly diagnosed in patients with sickle cell disease or -trait. Here, we describe a pediatric and a young adult patient with clinicopathological characteristics similar to RMC but without hemoglobinopathies. These tumors are currently classified as “RCC unclassified with medullary phenotype” (RCCU-MP). Both our patients had an infiltrating, rather small kidney tumor with SMARCB1/INI1 deficiency. Remarkably, the aggressiveness and clinical course and treatment differed greatly between these two cases. So far, only nine patients, predominantly adults, have been reported. In a literature overview, most cases were metastatic and progressed or relapsed after varying treatment approaches, with low survival. Whereas the classification of these tumors remains a topic of debate, case reports add to the current knowledge of RMCs without hemoglobinopathies, stressing the importance of sharing experience concerning rare renal neoplasms with often poor outcomes, also concerning younger age categories.
Optimisation of slag composition (MgO and Basicity) to operate 20% alumina in Blast Furnace slag
Authors: Sahoo Manisha , Hazra Sujan , Kumar Bhupendra , Nag Samik , Raju Aravaraju Bhanuchander , Nath Shambhu , Padmapal
Published: May 2024

Blast furnace (BF) operation depends on the smooth upward movement of gas and its pressure drop. The slag properties like viscosity affects the gas flow inside the furnace. It is well-known that Al2O3 contributes to the increase of slag viscosity. For smooth BF operation, the maximum limit of Al2O3 in the Indian BF slag is around 18.5%. Higher Al2O3 contents make tapping of the BF slag difficult. In the present work, FACTSAGE calculations were carried out to estimate the viscosity and melting temperature of 20% Al2O3 slag varying MgO% between 7 and 13 and basicity (B2, defined as wt% CaO/wt % SiO2) between 0.9 and 1.2 to find an optimum MgO% and basicity for easy tapping of the slag. The results of the calculations provide three combinations of MgO (12,12.5,13%) and B2 (0.95) of slag for operating 20% Al2O3 in slag which were validated through experimental studies involves the inclined plane test, hot stage microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Salvage technoscience: Conserving and extracting the value of the Amazon Rainforest
Authors: Santos da Costa Priscila , Dalsgaard Steffen
Published: May 2024

Very few forests take up as much space in contemporary Western imagination as the Amazon. It is the archetypical mythological forest that many people want to save and even more people want to exploit. Over the years, it has been the object of multiple campaigns to ‘save the rainforest’ from resource extraction both within South America and beyond, within scientific communities as well as broader publics. This article addresses a concern with how to extract the resources of the Amazon Forest in ways that are more sustainable than past and contemporary logging, mining and farming. This concern is promoted by Brazilian scientists who have allied themselves with well-intended tech industry initiatives and small-scale entrepreneurs. We refer to this combination of conservation with extraction as salvage technoscience, an approach currently dominating the struggle for the resources of the Amazon by attempting to reconcile the opposing views of the forest as an economic asset and as an object to be preserved. Our contribution thus demonstrates the interwoven nature of capitalist extraction and environmental conservation under the auspices of technoscientific progress.
Seroprevalence of Measles (Rubeola) Antibodies in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Crom Deborah B. , Walters Lisa A. , Li Yimei , Liang Jai , Hijano Diego R. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Carmichael Lee Ann , Ford Sarah L. , Andrews Shekinah J. , Smith Daniel , Hudson Melissa M. , Mandrell Belinda N.
Published: May 2024

Background: Measles is reemerging as a public health threat, raising important questions about disease vulnerability among childhood cancer survivors. This secondary analysis assessed the seroprevalence of anti-measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies as a marker of immune status in survivors of childhood cancer and associated demographic/treatment variables. Method: Participants were childhood cancer survivors who were free of active disease, having routine blood studies drawn, and could provide documentation of having received two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine before their cancer diagnosis. Patient record review documented demographic and treatment variables. Antimeasles (rubeola) IgG antibody seroprevalence was assessed by enzyme immunoassay for vaccine-specific antibodies. Results: Of 270 survivors evaluated, 110 (42%) were female, 196 (75%) were White, and 159 (61%) were leukemia/lymphoma survivors. Of these 262, 110 (42%) had negative measles seroprevalence, suggesting loss of immunity. Conclusion: Measles antibody surveillance and the need for reimmunization for survivors of childhood cancer survivors outside the transplant setting remains controversial. Our analysis indicates that a substantial proportion of survivors lose vaccine-related immunity to measles. Pediatric oncology nurses play important roles in educating cancer survivors regarding their risk of measles infection, evaluating the need for reimmunization, correcting misinformation about vaccine safety and effectiveness, and working to optimize community herd-based immunity.
Digitalisation has altered our world: A geographical perspective
Authors: Maalsen Sophia
Published: May 2024

In this short commentary, I respond to the provocation that digitalisation has altered our world. I do so from primarily a geographical perspective – one of the many disciplines that Dialogues on Digital Society represents as an interdisciplinary journal. Geographical thought and practice are frequently focused on the way we make and experience worlds, both things which digital technologies have promised to alter. But have digital technologies fundamentally altered our understanding of and engagement with space? Or have they simply digitally reproduced existing spatial relationships? In my reflections below, I find that the answer is not as simple as it might first look.
Diagnosis and Management of MASLD: An Metabolic Perspective of a Multisystem Disease
Authors: Ganakumar Vanishri , Halebidu Tejaswi , Goroshi Manjunath , Ghatnatti Vikrant
Published: May 2024

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has attained epidemic proportions in recent years, affecting nearly one-third of the general population and two-thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It encompasses a wide spectrum of pathophysiological entities, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, with both hepatic and extrahepatic implications, including cardiovascular disease. The possibility of MASLD should be considered in high-risk groups such as T2DM, obesity, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), etc., with/ without evidence of hepatic steatosis on imaging or persistently raised liver enzymes. Initial assessment should include a comprehensive evaluation of comorbidities, exclusion of secondary causes of steatosis, and fibrosis risk stratification. The presence of NASH and fibrosis is the most important predictor of adverse clinical outcomes, and non-invasive risk assessment has been an area of intense research in recent decades. FIB-4 can be used as a primary tool to effectively rule out significant fibrosis, followed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) tests as secondary tools if the FIB-4 score is indeterminate or high. The management of MASLD patients has shifted from a hepatocentric to a multicentric approach, with a focus on lifestyle interventions, disease-modifying pharmacotherapy in selected patients, and optimized management of comorbidities and complications.
European Respiratory Society clinical practice guideline on symptom management for adults with serious respiratory illness
Authors: Holland Anne E. , Spathis Anna , Marsaa Kristoffer , Bausewein Claudia , Ahmadi Zainab , Burge Angela T. , Pascoe Amy , Gadowski Adelle M. , Collis Phil , Jelen Tessa , Reilly Charles C. , Reinke Lynn F. , Romero Lorena , Russell Anne-Marie , Saggu Ravijyot , Solheim John , Vagheggini Guido , Vandendungen Chantal , Wijsenbeek Marlies , Tonia Thomy , Smallwood Natasha , Ekström Magnus
Published: May 2024

Respiratory symptoms are ubiquitous and impair health-related quality of life in people with respiratory disease. This European Respiratory Society (ERS) task force aimed to provide recommendations for symptomatic treatment in people with serious respiratory illness. The ERS task force comprised 16 members, including representatives of people with serious respiratory illness and informal caregivers. Seven questions were formulated, six in the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format, which were addressed with full systematic reviews and evidence assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). One question was addressed narratively. An “evidence-to-decision” framework was used to formulate recommendations. To treat symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness, the task force suggests the use of graded exercise therapy (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence); and suggests the use of a multicomponent services, handheld fan and breathing techniques (conditional recommendations, very low certainty of evidence). The task force suggests not to use opioids (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence); and suggests either administering or not administering supplemental oxygen therapy (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). The task force suggests that needs assessment tools may be used as part of a comprehensive needs assessment, but do not replace patient-centred care and shared decision making (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). The low certainty of evidence, modest impact of interventions on patient-centred outcomes, and absence of effective strategies to ameliorate cough highlight the need for new approaches to reduce symptoms and enhance wellbeing for individuals who live with serious respiratory illness.
Subclinical tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and scoping review of definitions, prevalence and clinical characteristics
Authors: Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , MacLean Emily Lai-Ho , Fox Greg J.
Published: May 2024

Background:

This scoping review aimed to characterise definitions used to describe subclinical tuberculosis (TB), estimate the prevalence in different populations and describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in the scientific literature.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed. We included studies published in English between January 1990 and August 2022 that defined “subclinical” or “asymptomatic” pulmonary TB disease, regardless of age, HIV status and comorbidities. We estimated the weighted pooled proportions of subclinical TB using a random-effects model by World Health Organization reported TB incidence, populations and settings. We also pooled the proportion of subclinical TB according to definitions described in published prevalence surveys.

Results:

We identified 29 prevalence surveys and 71 other studies. Prevalence survey data (2002–2022) using “absence of cough of any duration” criteria reported higher subclinical TB prevalence than those using the stricter “completely asymptomatic” threshold. Prevalence estimates overlap in studies using other symptoms and cough duration. Subclinical TB in studies was commonly defined as asymptomatic TB disease. Higher prevalence was reported in high TB burden areas, community settings and immunocompetent populations. People with subclinical TB showed less extensive radiographic abnormalities, higher treatment success rates and lower mortality, although studies were few.

Conclusion:

A substantial proportion of TB is subclinical. However, prevalence estimates were highly heterogeneous between settings. Most published studies incompletely characterised the phenotype of people with subclinical TB. Standardised definitions and diagnostic criteria are needed to characterise this phenotype. Further research is required to enhance case finding, screening, diagnostics and treatment options for subclinical TB.
Temperature Effect on Rhizome Development in Perennial rice
Authors: Wang Kai , Li Jie , Fan Yourong , Yang Jiangyi
Published: May 2024

Traditional agriculture is becoming increasingly not adapted to global climate change. Compared with annual rice, perennial rice has strong environmental adaptation and needs fewer natural resources and labor inputs. Rhizome, a kind of underground stem for rice to achieve perenniallity, can grow underground horizontally and then bend upward, developing into aerial stems. The temperature has a great influence on plant development. To date, the effect of temperature on rhizome development is still unknown. Fine temperature treatment of Oryza longistaminata (OL) proved that compared with higher temperatures (28–30 ℃), lower temperature (17–19 ℃) could promote the sprouting of axillary buds and enhance negative gravitropism of branches, resulting in shorter rhizomes. The upward growth of branches was earlier at low temperature than that at high temperature, leading to a high frequency of shorter rhizomes and smaller branch angles. Comparative transcriptome showed that plant hormones played an essential role in the response of OL to temperature. The expressions of ARF17, ARF25 and FucT were up-regulated at low temperature, resulting in prospectively asymmetric auxin distribution, which subsequently induced asymmetric expression of IAA20 and WOX11 between the upper and lower side of the rhizome, further leading to upward growth of the rhizome. Cytokinin and auxin are phytohormones that can promote and inhibit bud outgrowth, respectively. The auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA1 and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene CKX4 and CKX9 were up-regulated, while cytokinin biosynthesis gene IPT4 was down-regulated at high temperature. Moreover, the D3 and D14 in strigolactones pathways, negatively regulating bud outgrowth, were up-regulated at high temperature. These results indicated that cytokinin, auxins, and strigolactones jointly control bud outgrowth at different temperatures. Our research revealed that the outgrowth of axillary bud and the upward growth of OL rhizome were earlier at lower temperature, providing clues for understanding the rhizome growth habit under different temperatures, which would be helpful for cultivating perennial rice.
Transcriptome-wide association mapping provides insights into the genetic basis and candidate genes governing flowering, maturity and seed weight in rice bean (Vigna umbellata)
Authors: Sahu Tanmaya Kumar , Verma Sachin Kumar , Gayacharan  , Singh Nagendra Pratap , Joshi Dinesh Chandra , Wankhede D. P. , Singh Mohar , Bhardwaj Rakesh , Singh Badal , Parida Swarup Kumar , Chattopadhyay Debasis , Singh Gyanendra Pratap , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: May 2024

Background

Rice bean (Vigna umbellata), an underrated legume, adapts to diverse climatic conditions with the potential to support food and nutritional security worldwide. It is used as a vegetable, minor food crop and a fodder crop, being a rich source of proteins, minerals, and essential fatty acids. However, little effort has been made to decipher the genetic and molecular basis of various useful traits in this crop. Therefore, we considered three economically important traits i.e., flowering, maturity and seed weight of rice bean and identified the associated candidate genes employing an associative transcriptomics approach on 100 diverse genotypes out of 1800 evaluated rice bean accessions from the Indian National Genebank.

Results

The transcriptomics-based genotyping of one-hundred diverse rice bean cultivars followed by pre-processing of genotypic data resulted in 49,271 filtered markers. The STRUCTURE, PCA and Neighbor-Joining clustering of 100 genotypes revealed three putative sub-populations. The marker-trait association analysis involving various genome-wide association study (GWAS) models revealed significant association of 82 markers on 48 transcripts for flowering, 26 markers on 22 transcripts for maturity and 22 markers on 21 transcripts for seed weight. The transcript annotation provided information on the putative candidate genes for the considered traits. The candidate genes identified for flowering include HSC80, P-II PsbX, phospholipid-transporting-ATPase-9, pectin-acetylesterase-8 and E3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase-RHG1A. Further, the WRKY1 and DEAD-box-RH27 were found to be associated with seed weight. Furthermore, the associations of PIF3 and pentatricopeptide-repeat-containing-gene with maturity and seed weight, and aldo–keto-reductase with flowering and maturity were revealed.

Conclusion

This study offers insights into the genetic basis of key agronomic traits in rice bean, including flowering, maturity, and seed weight. The identified markers and associated candidate genes provide valuable resources for future exploration and targeted breeding, aiming to enhance the agronomic performance of rice bean cultivars. Notably, this research represents the first transcriptome-wide association study in pulse crop, uncovering the candidate genes for agronomically useful traits.