bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who applies for afforestation subsidies? Analysis of the age of beneficiaries of the Rural Development Program from 2004–2018
Authors: Wysocka-Fijorek Emilia , Gil Wojciech , Gołos Piotr , Dobrowolska Ewelina
Published: December 2020

In Poland, the afforestation rate is slowing down from year to year. An analysis of the demographic structure of land owners suitable for afforestation may contribute to a better recognition of trends and needs in order to increase the effectiveness of National Programme for the Augmentation of Forest Cover implementation, and thus increase interest in RDP activities. The aim of the study was to verify whether interest in afforestation among farmers is the same across the country in different age groups.

The data presented in the publication come from the resources of the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARiMR). The data covered the years 2004–2018 and were sorted by: voivodships (16), age group of beneficiaries of subsidies (4 groups), year of submitting the application (15 years) and the number of applications submitted. Beneficiaries were divided into four age groups: up to 30 years old, 31–40 years old, 41–60 and older than 60 years.

Interest in afforestation changed in the period after Poland’s accession to the European Union. In recent years, there has been a significant decrease in the number of applications for afforestation subsidies submitted. There are also significant differences between the voivodships in the number of applications submitted. Farmers from eastern and southern Poland are more active in submitting applications for afforestation, and will reduce the so-called Recovered Territories in the western, northern and north-eastern part of Poland. Most afforestation in the entire analysed period is carried out by farmers aged 41–60 years. In the initial period, more applications were submitted by farmers of age over 60 years. In recent years, however, young farmers, that is, up to 40 years, are more interested in afforestation, than other groups.

To increase interest in afforestation, more support should be directed to young farmers who, as part of farm specialization, may receive additional incentives for afforestation of land that is less useful to them.
“The Path of the Comedian is Always Going to be a Lonely One”: Comedians’ Mediation Between Family Humour and Public Performance
Authors: Fiadotava Anastasiya
Published: December 2020

The article* presents a study of the use of family humour in public comedy and the mutual influence of family humour and public humour on comedians’ performances and everyday life. The interrelations between these domains lie at the level of the content of humour, its format, its performance and the interaction between humour producers and their audience. Family and public humour often overlap and interweave in various ways, especially in the experience of those who engage in humour production both in public and in private spheres.

The study is informed by interviews with UK-based comedians on their family humorous folklore and its interrelation with their public humour performances. The interconnection between public and family humour was identified on several levels: textual, communicative, personal and conceptual.

This multidimensional interplay indicates that family humour is contingent on the context, but at the same time is often conditioned by comedians’ public personae and cannot be fully separated from the humour they perform publicly. The study illustrates the vagueness of the dichotomy between public comic performances and family humour and points to multiple ways in which the boundaries between these domains can become blurry.
The Development of Bandura Music Art Between the 1920s and 1940s
Authors: Berezutska Maryna
Published: December 2020

Bandura art is a unique phenomenon of Ukrainian culture, inextricably linked with the history of the Ukrainian people. The study is dedicated to one of the most tragic periods in the history of bandura art, that of the 1920s–1940s, during which the Bolsheviks were creating, expanding and strengthening the Soviet Union. Art in a multinational state at this time was supposed to be national by form and socialist by content in accordance with the concept of Bolshevik cultural policy; it also had to serve Soviet propaganda. Bandura art has always been national by its content, and professional by its form, so conflict was inevitable. The Bolsheviks embodied their cultural policy through administrative and power methods: they created numerous bandurist ensembles and imposed a repertoire that glorified the Communist Party and the Soviet system. As a result, the development of bandura art stagnated significantly, although it did not die completely. At the same time, in the post-war years this policy provoked the emigration of many professional bandurists to the USA and Canada, thus promoting the active spread of bandura art in the Ukrainian Diaspora.
To Say or not to Say? Construing Contextual Taboo Words Used by Acehnese Speakers in Indonesia
Authors: Aziz Zulfadli Abdul , Yusuf Yunisrina Qismullah , Burhansyah Burhansyah , Muzammil Meutia
Published: December 2020

This study describes the types of taboo words used by the Acehnese people in Aceh, Indonesia. Ten language informants in the district were interviewed for this qualitative study. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed prior to analysis. The data were then analysed by the procedures of condensation, display, and conclusion drawing. The findings of the research reveal that the most common taboo types used by Acehnese speakers are taboos of vulgarity or obscenity, epithet, and the taboo of disease. This implies that calling people bad names, talking about sex, mentioning incurable or ‘repulsive’ diseases are among the most taboo discussions in Acehnese society. Taboo words related to religion are found the least in the data, which could imply that these words are small in number because the Acehnese people embrace their religion strongly and thus minimise verbal abuse related to it.
Identity and the Controversial Experiences of Museum Researchers: The Case of the National Museums of Finland and the Baltic States
Authors: Reidla Jana
Published: December 2020

This paper* highlights the internal contradictions of museum institutions when they are influenced by neoliberal market-driven policies and new museology from the viewpoint of the museum-working researcher. Museums increasingly interface with the public because they are now part of the leisure market. Recent transformations have affected the roles and responsibilities of museum researchers. Whereas marketing, communication and sales specialists have gained more prominence in museum decision-making, the researchers’ role has been marginalised. Semi-structured interviews at five national museums in Finland and the Baltic States give voice to museum researchers and reveal their subjective reflections. The interviews revealed two discursive patterns: 1) caring for museum collections is more of a priority than conducting research, and 2) if academic results are prioritised, researchers are less involved in servicing the collections. The analysis showed how perceived marginalisation has caused role conflict and ambiguity for researchers, and that current shifts reduce researchers’ motivation to contribute to research.
The Development of the Smart Gas Distribution: General Trends and the Latvian Context
Authors: Savickis J. , Zemite L. , Jansons L. , Bode I. , Dzelzitis E. , Broks A. , Vempere L.
Published: December 2020

A necessity to reduce greenhouse gas (hereinafter – GHG) emissions and energy import dependency, while coping with increasing energy demand, affordability issues and many other factors, causes the European Union (hereinafter – EU) energy policy makers to identify development trends that would help harmonize future energy market and technological changes with ever growing pressure of universal data processing digitalisation. In order to stimulate data processing digitalisation in energy, the European Commission has proclaimed a support to the development of all kind of the smart energy systems, where simultaneous use of the natural gas and renewable gases (hereinafter – RG) will play one of the major sustainability ensuring roles. Firstly, it will help achieve designated energy efficiency goals and, secondly, enable cost saving synergetic solutions at the early stages of the energy supply chain decarbonisation.

Synergy of the natural gas and RG emphasises the need for a modern, smart and sustainable energy infrastructure to allow developing more flexible back-up and balancing power capacity, storage solutions and innovative demand-response mechanisms.

This paper addresses some trends in development of the smart gas distribution (hereinafter – SGD) as part of the smart energy systems both in the EU and Latvia, with a particular focus on smart energy concepts, smart gas metering and grid modernisation.
Sigmoid functions for the smooth approximation to the absolute value function
Authors: Bagul Yogesh J. , Chesneau Christophe
Published: December 2020

We present smooth approximations to the absolute value function |x| using sigmoid functions. In particular, x erf(x/μ) is proved to be a better smooth approximation for |x| than x tanh(x/μ) and

x

2

+
μ

\sqrt {{x^2} + \mu }

with respect to accuracy. To accomplish our goal we also provide sharp hyperbolic bounds for the error function.
Differential Privacy at Risk: Bridging Randomness and Privacy Budget
Authors: Dandekar Ashish , Basu Debabrota , Bressan Stéphane
Published: December 2020

The calibration of noise for a privacy-preserving mechanism depends on the sensitivity of the query and the prescribed privacy level. A data steward must make the non-trivial choice of a privacy level that balances the requirements of users and the monetary constraints of the business entity.

Firstly, we analyse roles of the sources of randomness, namely the explicit randomness induced by the noise distribution and the implicit randomness induced by the data-generation distribution, that are involved in the design of a privacy-preserving mechanism. The finer analysis enables us to provide stronger privacy guarantees with quantifiable risks. Thus, we proposeprivacy at riskthat is a probabilistic calibration of privacy-preserving mechanisms. We provide a composition theorem that leverages privacy at risk. We instantiate the probabilistic calibration for the Laplace mechanism by providing analytical results.

Secondly, we propose a cost model that bridges the gap between the privacy level and the compensation budget estimated by a GDPR compliant business entity. The convexity of the proposed cost model leads to a unique fine-tuning of privacy level that minimises the compensation budget. We show its effectiveness by illustrating a realistic scenario that avoids overestimation of the compensation budget by using privacy at risk for the Laplace mechanism. We quantitatively show that composition using the cost optimal privacy at risk provides stronger privacy guarantee than the classical advanced composition. Although the illustration is specific to the chosen cost model, it naturally extends to any convex cost model. We also provide realistic illustrations of how a data steward uses privacy at risk to balance the trade-off between utility and privacy.
‘Cittaslow’: An Alternative Model for Local Sustainable Development or Just a Myth? Empirical Evidence in the Case of Tarakli (Turkey)
Authors: İlhan Öznur Akgiş , Karakaş Erdal , Özkaraman Büşra
Published: December 2020

This research attempts to answer whether Cittaslow is a myth or an effective model for development for Taraklı, a small town in the Sakarya province of Turkey. The study was designed and analysed using the mixed method research model. The results are as follows. Since Taraklı became a Cittaslow, the number of tourists increased which ultimately helped to fight against unemployment and also increased income of people. Women's participation in the labour force had increased and their representation in public places was enhanced. Important steps were taken towards the preservation of cultural heritage. Along with quantitative and qualitative improvements in green areas, the local people's awareness of environmental protection has increased.
Doubly relevant: Critical infrastructures of Daseinsvorsorge
Authors: Krings Susanne
Published: December 2020

Spatial planning is called on to contribute to managing risks associated with outages of infrastructure services deemed particularly important in the context of critical infrastructure protection. This paper explores indications of overlaps between critical infrastructure sectors and the fields of Daseinsvorsorge (services of general interests) which have not yet received much attention in expert discussions. It provides a comparison of critical infrastructure sectors and variants of lists of the fields of Daseinsvorsorge. Although the extent of the overlaps cannot be determined exactly, it can be assumed that most of the infrastructures considered tobe critical are involved in the provision of services associated with the concept of Daseinsvorsorge. Hence the infrastructures and services in question are subject to different policy areas and interventions carried out in accordance with them. This inference calls for consideration of the implications of the spatial organization of the provision of Daseinsvorsorge services for critical infrastructure protection. A change of perspective, i.e. looking at the aims and means of Daseinsvorsorge planning from the point of view of critical infrastructure protection, enhances the visibility of their potential ‘side effects’. As the concept of critical infrastructure incorporates both worthiness of protection and a certain hazard potential, a change of perspective leads to unfamiliar perceptions of the spatial planning of Daseinsvorsorge and raises academic and practical questions.
Method to Recycle Paper Sludge Waste: Production of Panels for Sound Absorption Applications
Authors: Astrauskas Tomas , Grubliauskas Raimondas
Published: December 2020

Paper sludge is the water treatment waste, which produced during paper production. Paper sludge (PS) waste utilization is the common problem in the EU and internationally. According to the waste management directive No. 2008/98/EC, paper sludge waste should not be utilized in landfills. In the European Union, alone 93 million tons of PS generated yearly. Nowadays most of the paper sludge waste used as fuel for incineration power plants (up to 55 %). According to waste management legislation such waste management should be avoided as well. Very small portion (10 %) of PS is used in construction sector. In construction, paper sludge used as additive in concrete composite materials. Such legislation of waste management generates the motivation of this study. In this study authors propose to produce composite panels in which PS is the main material of composite. As the binding material, clay proposed due to its good binding properties and therefore its natural material. Such produced panels proposed to use it for sound absorption applications. To determine composites sound absorption coefficient standard ISO 10534-2 method was used. The sound absorption coefficient in different octave bands reached up to 0.59.
Research of Maximum Stress Zones in Circular Plates with Loades Concentrated Force
Authors: Mateusz Konieczny , Henryk Achtelik , Grzegorz Gasiak
Published: December 2020

The paper presents numerical and experimental analysis of the state of stress in a circular perforated plate, free supported or fixed on entire premier and loaded concentrated force. This type of plate have found applications in the field of chemical equipment, pressure tanks and box conveyors. The use of the finite element method for numerical calculations enables accurate location of stress concentration zones in a perforated plate and allows to determine stress values around these hole.
Limit: An Ambiguous Dimension Even In The Theatre
Authors: Teampău Radu
Published: December 2020

This paper intends to deal with the problem of transcending the limit from the performing arts perspective. To achieve this goal, we proceed to an analysis of the concept of limit from both philosophical and theatrical perspectives. There is a wide range of possible definitions of limit as the concept in itself turns out to be ambiguous. To reflect upon different ways of surpassing the limit firstly requires the identification and investigation of the meanings of the concept of limit which is to be surpassed. Some examples of going beyond the limit in the theatre are briefly reviewed.
Theater, Between Technology and Visual Arts
Authors: Dragoş Răzvan
Published: December 2020

Since Antiquity, there have been biunivocal links between theater, technology and visual arts, each of these branches being, if not decisively influenced by the others, at least stimulated. Technology was put at the service of theater either as a logistical part or in “main” roles, sometimes in competition with the actor, in other words with the man. In the first case we are dealing with elevators, cranes, light or sound devices and so on. In the second, with automatic machines, largely autonomous. Applied arts, costumes, scenery, stage props and everything related to scenography are largely synonymous with the performing arts. On the other hand, the technicalartistic commands and requirements coming from the theater have always been a step forward for those directions. Technology and art have also influenced each other, if we take into account, for example, Leonardo da Vinci’s utopian sketches, endowed rather with artistic qualities, but at the same time often functional as stage props. This article points out the idea written above through several representative case studies for the subject approached in a historically evolutionary perspective, relating them to the philosophical concepts or social phenomena behind them.
Alteridade e aliança: Paisagem matrimonial transatlântica
Authors: Sacramento Octávio
Published: December 2020

Os casamentos entre pessoas de diferentes países tendem a organizar-se segundo geografias preferenciais e constituem paisagens conjugais distintivas, como a que ganha forma no espaço transatlântico euro-brasileiro de que o presente artigo dá conta. Neste contexto predominam os arranjos matrimoniais com uma determinada estrutura de género-nacionalidade (homens-europeus e mulheres-brasileiras), dos quais emergem configurações de aliança espacial e culturalmente extensivas, assentes numa exogamia que cruza fronteiras políticas, sociais e identitárias. Diversificada e distendida, esta paisagem conjugal articula múltiplos eixos de alteridade: nacionalidade, sexualidade, género, “raça”, etnicidade, classe. Mais do que fatores de clivagem, as demarcações inscritas neste padrão heterogâmico funcionam como indutoras de atração, envolvendo a conjugação de diversos desejos. As diferenças e desigualdades inerentes aos casamentos entre europeus e brasileiras tendem a suscitar a ideia de que as últimas serão as maiores beneficiadas com a constituição de vínculos de aliança transnacionais. Porém, esta hipergamia feminina pode ser obstada, sobretudo quando o matrimónio implica a migração para a Europa.
Imaging in Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome with Emphasis on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Maheshwari Saurabh , Dudhal Rahul , Rajesh Uddandam , Prateek
Published: December 2020

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is a hereditary condition associated with a wide range of developmental anomalies as well as increased risk of certain neoplasms. It is more commonly known as Gorlin–Goltz syndrome (GGS). We report a case of GGS with classic clinical and imaging findings of multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) in the jaw, calcification of falx cerebri, and bifid ribs. The findings of restricted diffusion within OKCs on diffusion-weighted imaging are also described.
Amniotic band syndrome with double encephalocele: A case report
Authors: Silva Aldo Jose Ferreira da , Silva Carolina S. Magalhães e , Mariano Sonaly C. R.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare condition of controversial etiology that is associated with varying degrees of anomalies. This study reports a case of a newborn with ABS associated with double encephalocele in the frontal region.

Case Description:

A 29-year-old primiparous woman with no history of prenatal infection or consanguineous marriage had a cesarean section at gestational week 38, giving birth to a newborn who was well but had limb anomalies (constriction rings, amputations, and syndactyly) and craniofacial anomalies, mainly double frontal encephalocele. The patient underwent surgical repair and subsequent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Conclusion:

Studies clarifying this uncommon association with double encephalocele are limited. ABS associated with double encephalocele is rare and even more complex when associated with other anomalies. Thus, the conditions in such children are severe and require multidisciplinary monitoring.
Membedah Corak Filsafat Pendidikan Muhammadiyah (Telaah Konsep Pendidik Muhammadiyah)
Authors: Aristyasari Yunita Furi , Faizah Restu
Published: December 2020

Salah satu yang menjadi persoalan filosofis pendidikan adalah perbincangan mengenai pendidik. Muhammadiyah yang lebih dari satu abad belum memiliki sebuah rumusan ideal yang terkonsep dengan jelas dan tersistematis mengenai pendidik. Tulisan yang berkaitan dengan topik ini masih tersebar dalam beberapa dokumen Muhammadiyah maupun tulisan dari beberapa ahli atau pemerhati pendidikan Muhammadiyah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membedah corak filsafat pendidikan Muhammadiyah sehingga dapat ditemukan corak pendidik Muhammadiyah sekaligus mengelaborasi sebuah tawaran konsep pendidik Muhammadiyah. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian dengan metode kualitatif menggunakan kajian kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis hermeneutis untuk menguji pandangan filosofis. Temuannya adalah bahwa pendidik Muhammadiyah dapat dikatakan bercorak Islamis rasional dan pragmatis. Dari perspektif teori kontemporer, ia memiliki corak esensialis, progresif, dan rekonstruksionis. Pendidik haruslah orang yang memiliki keikhlasan, berorientasi pada amal nyata dan kebermanfaatan bagi orang lain, dan memiliki karakter inovatif, kreatif dalam menghadapi tantangan dan problema kehidupan, terutama di era digital seperti saat ini.
STOUT: SMILES to IUPAC Names Using Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Rajan Kohulan , Zielesny Achim , Steinbeck Christoph
Published: December 2020

Chemical compounds can be identified through a graphical depiction, a suitable string representation, or a chemical name. A universally accepted naming scheme for chemistry was established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) based on a set of rules. Due to the complexity of this rule set a correct chemical name assignment remains challenging for human beings and there are only a few rule-based cheminformatics toolkits available that support this task in an automated manner. Here we present STOUT (SMILES-TO-IUPAC-name translator), a deep-learning neural machine translation approach to generate the IUPAC name for a given molecule from its SMILES string as well as the reverse translation, i.e., predicting the SMILES string from the IUPAC name. The open system demonstrates a test accuracy of about 90% correct predictions, also incorrect predictions show a remarkable similarity between true and predicted compounds.
COMPARING THE VARIOUS SLOPE STABILITY METHODS TO FIND THE OPTIMUM METHOD FOR CALCULATING FACTOR OF SLOPE SAFETY
Authors: Khan Muhammad Israr , Wang Shuhong
Published: December 2020

There are various slope stability analysis methods normally used to find the factor of safety of a slope. All the methods have different analysis techniques and formulation, due to which the results also varies in some cases. In this research article, all those methods are compared and the results are provided in graphical form to show the variation. The results can be used in any slope stability project to find the optimum value for factor of slope safety and hence can minimize the risk while designing any slope in hilly areas or in case of designing an earthen dam
SEM/EDS ANALYSES ON SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY SUBJECTED TO ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION
Authors: Baciu E.R. , Vasluianu R.I. , Bolat M. , Bulancea B. , Murariu A. , Bosînceanu D.G.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present paper was to investigate the modifications occurred in the Ti- based shape memory alloy subject to electrochemical corrosion in artificial saliva. By 2D and 3D microscopy and by qualitative determinations of the luminous variation we could notice the effects of electrochemical corrosion tests on the surface of the metallic material, and by EDS determinations (Line and Mapping modes) of the surface chemical composition we could determine the chemical modifications produced following the corrosion tests.
IMPROVED REPRODUCIBILITY OF D2 TOOL STEEL AFTER CRYO-TREATING AT -78°C (DRY ICE)
Authors: Egert G.K. , Burleigh T. D.
Published: December 2020

The exposure of steel to very cold temperatures (cryogenics) as a means to improve properties of the metal has had a controversial history. This study employed several tests to determine differences between D2 tool steel cryo-treated in dry ice (-78°C) versus in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), as compared to control D2 steel (not cryo-treated). These tests showed no major changes between the control and the liquid nitrogen treated steel, but the dry ice (-78°C) treated steel showed narrower XRD peaks, more reproducible hardness measurements, less scatter in the corrosion weight loss, and lower corrosion currents in the cyclic polarization tests in saltwater. All these differences were measured even though there was no measurable difference in retained austenite. The authors hypothesize that the -78°C (dry ice) allowed internal stress reductions, while the -196°C (liquid nitrogen) was too cold to allow any transformations.
Traducir comedias de Lope al italiano
De Las bizarrías de Belisa a L’audace Belisa
Authors: Vaiopoulos Katerina
Published: December 2020

Today, on Italian stages, the Spanish Golden Age theatre is almost unknown. To explain this absence, we must take into account both reasons related to Italian stage culture and linguistic reasons. First of all, it should be noted that this theatre is perceived as something far from our scenic customs, especially because it has been transmitted according to a very partial and topical vision. This is the reason why, when translating texts, it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of the starting context (Baroque Spanish culture, Lope de Vega, his comedies, other texts belonging to the same years and genre). Secondly, this absence is due to formal reasons, mostly the problem of verses.
Monitoring Quality of Educational Resources for Foreign Military Specialists Studying at the Russian Higher Military Aviation Schools
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuri Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper aims to reveal the content and structure of an educational resource for the foreign military specialists studying at the Russian higher military aviation schools. The author proposes his own approach to the process of development and approbation of educational resources for foreign military specialists. Scientific originality of the study involves developing score and rating methodology to monitor the quality of the educational resources under consideration. The conducted research allows concluding that efficiency of a foreign military specialist’s training is determined by the following factors: a student’s personal involvement, degree of individual abilities actualization, style of interaction with the teacher (partnership interaction, student-centred interaction).
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Tematik Terpadu Menggunakan Strategi Inkuiri di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Virliana Andha Rista , Reinita Reinita
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar tematik terpadu menggunakan strategi pembelajaran inkuiri di Kelas IV SDN 42 Kubang Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Pada penelitian ini menerapkan jenis penelitian PTK menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dimana penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap siswa kelas IV SDN 42 Kubang yang berjumlah 18 orang yang terdiri dari 13 orang siswa laki-laki dan 5 orang siswa perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: a) penilaian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran siklus I diperoleh rata-rata 79,16% (C), dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 94,44% (SB). b) Pengamatan pada aspek guru siklus I diperoleh rata-rata79,69% (C) dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 90,6% (SB). c) Pengamatan pada aspek siswa siklus I diperoleh rata-rata 76,56% (C) dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 93,75% (SB). Dengan demikian strategi Inkuiri dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik terpadu disekolah dasar.
Tratamiento quirúrgico en acromegalia: experiencia en Córdoba
Authors: Rendón Matilde Inés , Cecenarro Laura Anahi , Andrada Marta C. , Barovero Mariela Susana , Bertolino María Lorena , Cagliolo Mariela , Carpentieri Ágata R. , Damilano Roxana Analía , De Battista Juan Carlos , Estario Paula , Fernández Silvia , M´arquez Maria Eugenia , Monteserin Natalia , Quintero María Lorena , Sala Claudia Susana , Sosa Gabriela Alejandra , Surraco María Elena , De Paul Ana Lucía , Szafryk de Mereshian Paula , Fux Otta Carolina
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La acromegalia tiene una prevalencia de 35-70/millón. La cirugía transesfenoidal es el tratamiento de elección, siendo la tasa de remisión del 80% en microadenomas y 50% en macroadenomas. Debido a la falta de registros, nos propusimos evaluar los resultados quirúrgicos en Córdoba y determinar factores predictivos de remisión. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de pacientes con cirugía como primera línea terapéutica. Criterios de remisión: normalización de IGF1 para edad/sexo, con GH ≤1,0 g/L.Test X2 y test exacto de Fisher y p<0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes: 61% mujeres y 39% hombres; edad promedio 45 años. Motivos de consulta más frecuentes: cefalea y crecimiento acral (26%), alteraciones visuales (20%). El 84% de los tumores fueron macroadenomas. De 37 pacientes, 54% se sometieron a cirugía microscópica, 38% endoscópica y 8% transcraneal. El 29% evidenció complicaciones postquirúrgicas, siendo la diabetes insípida la más frecuente (10%). El porcentaje de las mismas fue: cirugía transcraneal el 33%, endoscópica 29% y microscópica 25% (p= 0,557). La remisión bioquímica a los 6 meses fue de 34% y a los 12 meses 55% (p=0,0001). Sin diferencias significativas entre la vía endoscópica y microscópica (p=0,071). De 36 pacientes el 31% evidenció resección tumoral completa. La mejoría clínica subjetiva fue del 88%. No hubo factores predictivos de remisión bioquímica estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: La remisión bioquímica con la cirugía fue similar a la bibliografía. No encontramos factores predictivos de remisión pero un número mayor de casos podría modificar estos resultados.
Xuất bản sách trong chương trình ISR 2021
Authors: Ho Manh-Toan
Published: December 2020

Qua công việc thực tiễn và đánh giá kết quả, Trung tâm ISR nhận thấy cần tiếp tục bổ sung chương trình sản xuất và xuất bản sách, cả trên hệ thống quốc tế lẫn ở trong nước.
Can Digital Technology Really Contributes to Purchase Power? The Case of Digital Hospitality Application by Finnet Indonesia Corp
Authors: Muriu Peter W , Kanto Dwi Sunu , Bross Noverdi
Published: December 2020

Every producer always tries to achieve the goals and objectives through the products they produce. The resulting product can be sold or purchased by the end consumer at a price level that provides long-term corporate profits. It is in this framework that each producer must think about marketing its products, long before the product is produced until the product is consumed by the end consumer. This study aims to find out the effect of Brand Image and Price on the Purchasing Power of Property which is mediated by Digital Technology. This study used 91 respondents who were tenants of the Premium Cluster Apartments who used digital technology applications. This study uses Brand Image and Price as independent variables, Digital Technology as a mediating variable, and Purchasing Power as the dependent variable. Data obtained using a questionnaire and processed and analyzed using path analysis techniques. The results show that Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Digital Technology, Price has a positive and significant effect on Digital Technology, Digital Technology has a significant effect on Purchasing Power, Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Purchasing Power, Price has a significant effect on Purchasing Power, Digital Technology has a significant positive effect on mediating between Brand Image on Purchasing Power, Digital Technology mediates between Price and Purchasing Power.
Revisiting the role of financial motives in disordered gambling: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Tabri Nassim , Xuereb Silas , Cringle Natalie , Clark Luke
Published: December 2020

Aims: Money is central to psychological definitions of gambling, but contemporary accounts of disordered gambling are ambiguous regarding the role of financial motives for gambling. The aims of the current research were to obtain meta-analytic weighted effect sizes for zero-order associations of financial motives against disordered gambling and gambling frequency, as well as partial associations after controlling for other motives (e.g. coping). Design: A meta-analysis of the available literature through October 2019 was undertaken. Studies were identified from multiple sources (e.g., database search, consulting other researchers). PRISMA standards were followed when screening identified records and extracting relevant data. The data analytic plan was pre-registered. Setting: Cross-sectional studies that involved student, community, and clinical samples ofpeople who gamble. Participants: Forty-one studies were included with 32,997 participants from different countries. Measurements: Validated self-report measures of financial motives for gambling alongside measures of either problem gambling and/or gambling frequency. Findings: Financial motives for gambling were positively associated with both disordered gambling, r = .34, [.30, .38], p =1.04e-61, and gambling frequency, r = .29, [.20, .37], p = 1.70e-13, with moderate effect sizes. The partial associations after controlling for overlapping variance with other gambling motives were also positive (disordered gambling: β = .18, [.14, .23], p = 2.53e-15; gambling frequency: β = .16, [.08, .24], p = 9.45e-5), with small-to-moderate effect sizes. The effect sizes were heterogenous and the extent of heterogeneity was high. Moderator analyses of the zero-order association involving gambling frequency indicated that effect sizes were larger for studies that used the Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial relative to studies that developed their own gambling motives measure. No further moderators were statistically significant. Conclusions: Financial motives are reliably and positively associated with both disordered gambling and gambling involvement and should be incorporated into etiological models of gambling disorder.
Towards a New Generation of Digital Cartography: The Development of Neocartography and the Geoweb
Authors: Tavra Marina , Škara Anja
Published: December 2020

The Third Industrial Revolution evolved through the development of technology in the 1960s and has been mirrored in other professions as well as cartography. The first maps on the Internet for mass use appeared in the late 1990s. In the beginning, they were simple and modest. Computer development was also reflected in the development of digital cartography, and maps become interactive with users. Technology has made collecting spatial data easier and cheaper, and cartography has become available to ordinary users through various tools and services. Accordingly, emerging concepts and terms related to digital cartography are sometimes identical or match part of their domain of meaning. This article offers a review and analysis of keywords pertaining to digital cartography on the Internet. Different indicators are used to show trends in selected keywords’ appearance and, thus, trends in cartography.
The Application of Novel Failure Analysis Techniques and Defect Modeling in Eliminating Short Poly End-Cap Problem in Submicron CMOS Devices
Authors: Hong Y.E. , We M.T.T.
Published: December 2020

As transistor dimension shrinks down below submicron to cater for higher speed and higher packing density, it is very important to characterize the shrinkage carefully to avoid unwanted parametric problems. Leakage current across short poly end-cap is a new failure mechanism that falls in this category and was for the first time, uncovered in submicron multilayered CMOS devices. This mechanism was responsible for a systematic yield problem; identified as the 'centre wafer striping' functional failure problem. This paper presents the advanced failure analysis techniques and defect modeling used to narrow down and identify this new mechanism. Post process change by loosening the marginal poly end-cap criteria eliminated the problem completely.
Failure Analysis of DRAM Storage Node Trench Capacitors for 0.35-Micron and Follow-On Technologies Using the Focused Ion Beam for Electrical and Physical Analysis
Authors: Benstetter G. , Bomberger G. , Coutu P. , Danyew R. , Douse R.
Published: December 2020

Reducing the cell size of DRAMs in 0.35 micron and follow-on technologies requires failure analysis techniques that can analyze single storage node trench capacitors on both test sites and actual product. A combination of electrical microprobing, probeless voltage contrast and physical delayering procedures, all based on focused- ion-beam (FIB) techniques, are described. Because of precise fail localization, high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging enables the distinction between process defects and intrinsic breakdowns of node dielectric defects. Isolated storage cells can be electrically characterized by depositing small probe pads, using FIB for contact hole milling and probe-pad deposition. To localize trench capacitors with a leakage path to the surrounding substrate, the trenches are isolated by mechanical polishing and probeless voltage contrast in the FIB tool. Failing trench capacitors can be marked in the FIB tool. Physical isolation of leaking trench capacitors can be achieved by recessing the adjacent trench capacitors, with the FIB used for milling and a subsequent wet chemical removal added for the remaining substrate material. Alternatively, trench capacitors can be inspected from the backside when stabilized by a quartz deposition on top, followed by mechanical polishing from the side and a wet chemical etching of the remaining substrate material. In both cases, the dielectric of the node trench capacitors can be inspected by high resolution SEMs and the defect areas precisely analyzed.
High Spatial Resolution OBIRCH and OBIC Effects Realized by Near-field Optical Probe in the Analysis of High Resistance 200 nm wide TiSi Line
Authors: Nikawa K. , Saiki T. , Inoue S. , Ohtsu M.
Published: December 2020

The identification of voids and Si nodules in the Al stripes of integrated-circuit-device chips is a key part of failure analysis and process monitoring in the semiconductor industry. The optical-beam-induced resistance-change-detection (OBIRCH) method has been shown to be more useful in void detection than other methods. In this study, the wavelength of the laser used for heating the Al stripes on the Si chips has been changed from 633 to 1300 nm and the OBIRCH method has been modified to use a near-field (NF) optical probe as the heat source instead of a laser beam. Results showed that NF-OBIRCH method has three advantages over the conventional OBIRCH method: its spatial resolution is higher; the OBIRCH caused by heating can be observed using the metallized probe without interference from the optical beam induced current; and the OBIC can be observed using the apertured probe, in a high spatial resolution.
Advanced Failure Analysis of Deep-Submicron CMOS Device Dopant Profiles Using Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy
Authors: Moszkowicz L. , Kaszuba P. , Slinkman J. , Doezema L.
Published: December 2020

The use of scanning kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) for analyzing two-dimensional dopant profiles on production-level silicon CMOS devices is described, with images of topography and dopant profiles presented. Both plan-view and crosssectional analyses are performed to measure CMOS device effective channel length (Leff), source-drain and well-junction depths. SKPM data not only tracked variations in Leff but uncovered anomalies in dopant that were responsible for device failure. For example, a nonfunctional ring-oscillator in a 0.25μm technology was debugged with SKPM. Details of sample preparation and the fabrication of durable, highly conductive (silicided) silicon kelvin probe tips which are key to acquiring reproducible, consistent data is also given.
Failure Analysis of Killer Defects and Yield Enhancement of Flat ROM Devices in Wafer Fabrication
Authors: Hua Y. N. , Guo Z. R. , An L. H. , Redkar Shailesh
Published: December 2020

In this paper, some low yield cases in Flat ROM device (0.45 and 0.6 µm) were investigated. To find killer defects and particle contamination, KLA, bitmap and emission microscopy techniques were used in fault isolation. Reactive ion etching (RIE) and chemical delayering, 155 Wright Etch, BN+ Etch and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for identification and inspection of defects. In addition, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was used to determine the composition of the particle or contamination. During failure analysis, seven kinds of killer defects and three killer particles were found in Flat ROM devices. The possible root causes, mechanisms and elimination solutions of these killer defects/particles were also discussed.
Application of KOH Electrochemical Etch and Passive Voltage Contrast Techniques for Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Leaky Gate Detection
Authors: Chang Fred Y. , Chan Victer
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a novel de-process flow by combining cobalt silicide / nitride wet etch with KOH electrochemical wet etch (ECW) to identify leaky gate in silicided deep sub-micron process technology. Traditionally, leaky gate identification requires direct confirmation by gate level electrical or emission detection technique. Ohtani [1] used KOH electrochemical etch application to identify nonsilicided leaky gate capacitor in DRAM without using the above confirmation. The result of the case study demonstrates the expanded application of ECW etch to both silicided 0.18um logic and SRAM devices. Voltage contrast at metal 1 to assist leaky gate localization is also proposed. By combining both techniques, the possibility for isolating gate related defects are greatly enhanced. Case studies also show the advantages of the proposed technique over conventional poly level voltage contrast in leaky gate identification especially with devices that use local interconnect and nitride liner process.
A Comparison of Backside Emission Microscopy Systems
Authors: Davis Brennan V.
Published: December 2020

The need for failure analysis from the backside of the die has introduced new challenges in device analysis applications. Standard silicon based detectors are no longer as efficient due to the absorption of emission signals by the silicon substrate, which is now in the optical path between the device and the detector. The emergence of infrared detectors has offered a solution since emissions in this regime are not attenuated. This paper will describe a comparison made between a silicon detector and two of the most common IR detector materials.
EOS Simulation and Failure Analysis of Metallurgically Bonded Silicon Diodes
Authors: Teverovsky Alexander
Published: December 2020

Metallurgically bonded, glass-bodied DO-35 power rectifier diodes were electrically overstressed by applying forward and reverse current pulses. Forward current pulses varied from 0.1 to 3 ms with current amplitudes varying from 200 to 1000 A were applied to one group of diodes. Reverse bias current pulses in the microsecond range with amplitudes from 2 to 400 mA (above breakdown voltage) were applied to another group. A small-step cross sectioning in combination with electrical probing, light emission microscopy, liquid crystal technique, and chemical staining were used to reveal and compare damage in three groups of diodes: two overstressed groups and the third group which had failed during burn-in electrical testing. Failure mechanisms and peculiarities of damage created in these diodes and several case histories related to different types of diodes are discussed.
Computerized Quantification of the Dicing Process: The First Step Toward Related Die Cracking Failure Analysis
Authors: Glover Doug , Lynch John R. , Huseby Irvin
Published: December 2020

Die cracking is one of the primary failure areas in semiconductor manufacturing and in product longevity. Often die cracking emanates from stress concentrations formed on chips during the dicing process. In order to properly characterize and analyze die cracking relating to the dicing process, we must first properly and accurately quantify and characterize the dicing process. This paper describes the methodology to perform this first step in a premier fashion. In the past, quantification of the dicing process has been a manual operation usually under a microscope. Now there is a new state-of-the-art metrology tool (KIS2010 Inspection System) for quantifying all parameters associated with the dicing process. The system provides computer controlled robotic inspection combined with onboard statistical data reduction software to display results. The goal of this paper is to provide other engineers working in defect and failure analysis an insight into the power of this metrology tool and how it can provide a firm basis for characterizing failures related to the dicing process.
Application of TIVA in Design Debug
Authors: Kolachina Siva , Taylor Bill , Wills Kendall Scott , Cole Edward I.
Published: December 2020

Thermally-Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA) is a relatively new technique for locating electrical defects in integrated circuits [1,2]. This paper describes a novel application of TIVA, to locate design anomalies. A newly designed integrated circuit with high and inconsistent Quiescent Power Supply Current (IDDQ) was initially diagnosed with limited success using various failsite isolation techniques. The TIVA technique was successful in accurately locating design anomalies. Results from TIVA identified a spurious ring oscillator in the design. Design modifications carried out using a focussed ion beam (FIB), verified the accuracy of the results from TIVA. This study clearly extends the use of TIVA beyond that of locating electrical defects and anomalies into the realm of design debugging.
Grafting FIB “Lift-Out” TEM Sample for Further Ion Milling and Its Application for Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Wang Nathan , Wu Jin , Daniel Sabbas
Published: December 2020

A technique to “graft” a FIB lift-out TEM sample onto a scrapped wedge polished sample was introduced. In this way, the sample can be ion milled with lower accelerating voltage to avoid FIB caused problems. This technique does not require special attachment for the FIB. Improved imaging quality and potential applications are discussed.