bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light Drought Stress Positively Influenced Root Morphological and Endogenous Hormones in Pinus massoniana Seedlings Inoculated with Suillus luteus
Authors: Wang Yi , Ren Youzhi , Tu Guiying , Luo Xuemei , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: November 2024

Aims An ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECMF) may enhance plant drought resistance. However, there is limited information regarding the effects of ECMFs on drought resistance in Pinus massoniana Lamb., a native species representing an afforestation pioneer tree in subtropical regions of China. Methods In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of ECMF Suillus luteus inoculation on the root morphology and endogenous hormones of P. massoniana, including roots, leaves, and stems, under various water treatment conditions. Four water levels (regular, light, moderate, and severe drought) and three inoculations (inoculated Suillus luteus, numbered S12 and S13, and non-ECMF-inoculated) were compared using a factorial design. Results Under drought stress, P. massoniana seedlings inoculated with S12 and S13 had significantly increased root morphology development (p < 0.05). Light drought positively influenced root development, resulting in a more than twofold increase in root length and root surface area compared to non-inoculated seedlings. Concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in roots, stems, and leaves of inoculated S12 and S13 plants were elevated, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were significantly lower, compared to non-inoculated seedlings. The ABA concentrations in the roots of S12 and S13 inoculated seedlings under light drought stress were 1.5 times lower than those in non-inoculated controls. Moreover, root development was positively correlated with plant total GA, IAA, and ZR but negatively correlated with ABA. ConclusionsS. luteus can promote the root growth and development of P. massoniana seedlings, notably by regulating the balance in the concentration of endogenous hormones, thus improving the drought resistance of P. massoniana seedlings.
Qualitative Wood Anatomy Study of Ottobratica and Sinopolese Cultivars of Olea europaea L.
Authors: Urso Tiziana , Zanetti Michela , Magnabosco Annalisa , Mammoliti Angelo , Paccagnella Marco , Proto Andrea Rosario
Published: November 2024

Olive wood is used in a niche economic context but is attracting growing interest. In this study, the wood anatomy of Olea europaea L. belonging to two cultivars cultivated in the Plain of Gioia Tauro in Calabria (RC) is qualitatively described. Wood samples were obtained along the diameter of wood slices to investigate any anatomical differences between the inner and outer zones of the stem. The microscopic slides were investigated using an optical microscope. The anatomical characteristics observed were compared with existing literature data. The two cultivars show parenchyma rays arranged not only in one to two rows (typical of this species), but also in three rows. Furthermore, in both cultivars, the presence of starch deposits in procumbent parenchyma cells was observed. The Ottobratica cultivar seems to have more starch than the Sinopolese one, but given the high variability of olive wood, further quantitative analysis is needed to determine whether these differences are statistically valid and due to the different cultivars. This work can contribute to a better understanding of the Olea europaea L. species and to a better technical valorisation of its wood.
Simulation Study of Gas Seepage in Goaf Based on Fracture–Seepage Coupling Field
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , An Huaming , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2024

In order to solve the problem of gas overrun in the fully mechanized caving face and the upper corner of high gas and extra-thick coal seam, the fracture and caving process of the roof in the goaf is analyzed and studied by using the relevant theories of fracture mechanics and seepage mechanics. The mathematical model of fracture and caving of the immediate roof and main roof in the goaf is established. Combined with ANSYS Fluent 6.3.26, the seepage process of gas in coal and rock accumulation in the goaf under different ventilation modes is simulated. The distribution law of gas concentration in the goaf is obtained, and the application scope of different ventilation modes is determined. In addition, the influence of the tail roadway application and the wind speed size on the gas concentration in the goaf and the upper corner of the fully mechanized caving face is also explored. The results show that, affected by wind speed and rock porosity, along the strike of the goaf, about 30 m near the working face, the gas concentration is low and growth is slow. In the range of 30~160 m, the gas concentration increases rapidly and reaches a higher value. After 160 m, the gas concentration tends to be stable. Along with the tendency of the working face, the gas concentration in the goaf increases gradually from the inlet side to the return side, and the gas concentration increases noticeably near the return air roadway. Along the vertical direction of the goaf, the gas concentration gradually increases, and the concentration of the fracture zone basically reaches 100%. Different ventilation modes have different application scopes. The U-type ventilation mode is suitable for the scenario of less desorption gas in the coal seam, while U + I and U + L-type ventilation modes are suitable for the scenario of more desorption gas in coal seam or higher mining intensity. The application of the tail roadway can reduce the gas concentration in the upper corner to a certain extent, but it has limited influence on the overall gas concentration distribution in the goaf. In addition, when the wind speed of the working face should be controlled at 2.0~3.5 m/s, it is more conducive to the discharge of gas, the method of reducing the gas concentration in the upper corner by increasing the wind speed of the working face is more suitable for the case where the absolute gas emission of the fully mechanized caving face is low, and the effect is limited when the absolute gas emission is high. The above conclusions provide a reference for solving the problem of gas overrun in the goaf and the upper corner of a fully mechanized caving face.
Framing Coherence Across EU Policies Towards Integrated Wildfire Risk Management and Nature-Based Solutions
Authors: Plana Eduard , Serra Marta , Smeenk Annick , Regos Adrián , Berchtold Claudia , Huertas Maria , Fuentes Lola , Trasobares Antoni , Vinders Julie Nicole , Colaço Conceição , Bonet José Antonio
Published: November 2024

Wildfire risk has been exacerbated across Europe by climate change favoring more damaging and severe wildfire events. This evolving wildfire risk context interacts with a broad landscape of EU policies including those on nature conservation, forestry, bioeconomy or climate and energy, all of which may increase or reduce fire hazard and the level of exposure and vulnerability of the values at risk. Coherently addressed, policies may support wildfire disaster risk management synergistically while reducing potential dysfunctions. This research conducts a content analysis of EU policies and initiatives under the European Green Deal with respect to integrated wildfire risk management and related nature-based solutions. The results show that a consistent EU policy framework to address wildfire risk reduction in a synergic way exists, with no major conflicts in the policy design. Nevertheless, better guidance on fire-smart land management practices and the conceptualization of wildfire-related nature-based solutions may enhance a more coherent policy implementation. Additional suggestions around the legal status of wildfire protection and ‘whole of government’ governance frameworks are discussed. Notably, within the laws, policies and initiatives analyzed, the beneficial side of fire addressed by integrated fire management is either missing or not explicitly mentioned, although it is considered in policy-related supporting guidelines.
Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Decorated Metal–Organic Framework for Food and Environmental Sample Preparation
Authors: Deng Wanlin , Fan Chen , Zhang Ruixue , Jin Ming
Published: November 2024

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is distinguished by its unique solvent properties, chemical stability, and eco-friendly nature, which are pivotal in a spectrum of chemical processes. It enhances the sample preparation process by increasing efficiency and minimizing the environmental impact. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous structures formed through coordination bonds between metal ions and organic ligands, are defined by their adjustable pore dimensions, extensive surface areas, and customizable architectures. The integration of DES within MOF to create DES@MOF capitalizes on the beneficial attributes of both materials, augmenting MOFs’ stability and versatility while providing a multifunctional carrier for DES. This composite material is both highly stable and readily tunable, establishing it as a leading contender for applications in sample preparation for food and environmental samples. This comprehensive review explores the application of DES-decorated MOF in food and environmental sample preparation and highlights the expansive potential of DES@MOF in diverse fields. We provide a detailed analysis of the characteristics of DES@MOF and its individual components, methods for decorating MOFs with DES, the advantages of these composite materials in sample pretreatment, and their specific applications in food safety and environmental monitoring. DESs are employed to modify MOFs, offering a multitude of benefits that can substantially improve the overall performance and applicability of MOFs. The review also discusses current challenges and future directions in this field, offering valuable insights for further research and development. The synergistic effects of DES and MOFs offer new opportunities for applications in food safety and other areas, leading to the development of more efficient, sensitive, and environmentally friendly analytical methods. This collaboration paves the way for sustainable technologies and innovative solutions to complex challenges.
Perilla Seed Oil: A Review of Health Effects, Encapsulation Strategies and Applications in Food
Authors: Li Min , Jiang Nanjie , Guo Guangqi , Lu Shuaijun , Li Ziliang , Mu Yujie , Xia Xiaoyang , Xu Zhenxia , Hu Yong , Xiang Xia
Published: November 2024

Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) is an annual herbaceous plant whose seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). This oil exhibits various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities. In addition, incorporating perilla oil into a diet can effectively increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut microbiota. However, perilla oil is prone to oxidation, which reduces its nutritional value and lowers its bioavailability. To address these issues, encapsulation technologies such as emulsions, oleogels, liposomes and microcapsules have been employed, showing promising results. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of perilla seed oil’s health effects, validate its benefits through large-scale human clinical trials and optimize encapsulation techniques. Future investigations should also explore the synergistic effects of combining perilla seed oil with other functional components and its role in modulating gut microbiota to achieve comprehensive health benefits.
Optimization, Validation, and Application of Cleanup-Coupled Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Analyses of 35 Mycotoxins and Their Derivatives in Cereals
Authors: Kim Dan-Bi , Nam Miso , Kim Yong-Suk , Kim Min-Sun
Published: November 2024

Mycotoxins occur singly or as co-contaminants and are primarily present in carbohydrate-rich foods such as cereals and cereal-based products. To effectively monitor mycotoxin co-contamination in cereals and cereal-based products, the simultaneous analysis of mycotoxins and their derivatives is required. Therefore, we coupled cleanup with LC-MS/MS for the rapid and robust quantitation of 35 analytes in wheat samples, including ergot alkaloids (EAs), which are rarely included in such analyses. To investigate the effects of different mycotoxin types on adsorbents, various dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbents were evaluated; a C18 end-capped sorbent exhibited the most effective cleanup performance. The method was validated by analyzing samples fortified with the mycotoxins at three concentration levels. The results exhibited high linearity, high recoveries, and repeatability. The methodology was applied for commercial cereal samples. The cereal samples were found to be 74% contaminated, and two samples measured levels of EAs at 609.63 μg/kg and 294.93 μg/kg, exceeding the limits defined by the EU for rye milling products. These findings highlight the validity of our novel method and the necessity of continuously monitoring mycotoxin levels in cereals to ensure food safety.
Transcriptome Analysis of Aureobasidium pullulans YQ65 Grown on Yeast Extract Peptone Glucose and Potato Dextrose Agar Media and Quantification of Their Effects on Pullulan Production
Authors: Wang Wan , Zhao Jiyun , Zhang Kai , Wang Zhengran , Ma Jingqiu , Yang Qian , Lin Congyu
Published: November 2024

Pullulan is a high-value polysaccharide produced through the fermentation of Aureobasidium pullulans. It has significant applications in the fields of food, medicine, environmental science, and packaging. However, the yield, molecular weight, and other characteristics of pullulan can vary depending on the fermentation substrate used. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the underlying causes of these variations at the molecular level. In this study, we first investigated the morphological differences in A. pullulans YQ65 when cultured in YPD and PDA media. The results indicated that different culture media significantly influence the primary cell morphology of A. pullulans YQ65, which in turn affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Subsequently, we employed different culture media to ferment pullulan and examined the variations in pullulan yield, molecular weight, and biomass. Moreover, FTIR and thermodynamic stability tests were conducted to analyze the differences among pullulans across different culture media. Finally, transcriptome analysis revealed that A. pullulans YQ65, when cultured in YPD and PDA media, regulates its growth and metabolism through the expression of key genes that are involved in pathways such as the proteasome, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism of various secondary metabolites, fatty acid anabolism, carbon metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The transcriptome results were further validated by assessing the expression of specific genes. This study enhances the understanding of the fermentation differences observed with different substrates in A. pullulans and provides valuable insights for optimizing culture substrates. Additionally, it offers guidance for utilizing agricultural and forestry processing waste, as well as food processing by-products, to produce pullulan cost-effectively in the future.
Dry-Cured Ham, ‘Kraški Pršut’, from Heavy Pig Production—A Pilot Study Focusing on the Effect of Ham Weight and Salting
Authors: Savić Bojana , Čandek-Potokar Marjeta , Škrlep Martin
Published: November 2024

A pilot study was conducted with the aim of adapting the processing of “Kraški pršut”, dry-cured ham, for thighs from heavy pigs. The focus was on the effect of ham weight and salting duration on the quality of dry-cured ham. From a pool of thighs harvested from heavy pigs, a total of 32 green hams were selected (from 16 carcasses) based on weight (two classes; L—lighter, H—heavier) and we used left and right ham for either the standard or a shortened salting phase. Salting duration consisted of phase 1 (7 days for all hams) and phase 2 (7 or 14 days for L, 10 or 17 days for H, in the case of shortened and standard salting, respectively). Equivalent conditions for all hams were maintained during the remaining phases, with a total maturation period of 18 months. The analysis focused on chemical, physical and rheological properties, sensory attributes, and consumer perceptions. The H hams had lower processing losses, resulting in higher moisture and water activity, lower salt content in internal biceps femoris muscle, and a softer texture (instrumental and sensory) than L hams. The salting duration mainly affected weight losses in the salting phase and, consequently, salt content, which was lower in the shortened salting phase, while no effects were observed on texture. The sensory panel perceived weight’s effect on hardness, with L hams being perceived as harder, and salting’s effect on sourness, with hams submitted to longer salting perceived as sourer than H hams. Consumer testing indicated a general preference for softer and less salty hams. Overall, the results show that the applied reduction in salting duration was not substantial, and future trials should explore further optimization in terms of salting and resting phases.
Efficacy and Molecular Mechanisms of Nystatin Against Botrytis cinerea on Postharvest Table Grape
Authors: Wu Yingying , Zhang Shen , Wang Jingyi , He Fan , Wei Haocheng , Chen Dongxiao , Wang Ying
Published: November 2024

The primary cause of postharvest loss in table grape fruit is attributed to gray mold, which is caused by Botrytis cinerea. The present study confirmed the inhibitory effects of nystatin on the growth and development of B. cinerea, which led to a remarkable reduction in the severity of gray mold on table grape fruits. Furthermore, the application of nystatin disrupted the membrane permeability of B. cinerea, causing increased cellular leakage and cell death. In addition, the transcriptome analysis showed that the application of nystatin effectively modulated the transcriptional profile of genes involved in ribosome and mitochondrion biogenesis, as well as oxidoreductase activity, thereby disrupting the homeostasis of cellular organelles. Moreover, the nystatin treatment down-regulated genes associated with membrane trafficking, protein degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, and the autophagy process, ultimately attenuating the pathogenicity of B. cinerea. Collectively, nystatin can be considered a viable agent for managing gray mold on table grape fruit.
Existence and Stability of Neutral Stochastic Impulsive and Delayed Integro-Differential System via Resolvent Operator
Authors: Khalil Hamza , Zada Akbar , Rhaima Mohamed , Popa Ioan-Lucian
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present the existence of a mild solution for a class of a neutral stochastic integro-differential system over a Hilbert space. Such systems are influenced by both multiplicative and fractional noise, alongside non-instantaneous impulses, with a Hurst index H in the interval (12,1). Additionally, the systems under consideration feature state-dependent delays (SDDs). To address this, we develop an approach to reformulate the neutral stochastic integro-differential system, incorporating SDDs and non-instantaneous impulses, into an equivalent fixed-point (FP) problem via an appropriate integral operator. By integrating stochastic analysis with the theory of resolvent operators, we employ Banach’s FP theorem to establish both the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Furthermore, we explore the Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability of the system. Lastly, we provide illustrative examples to demonstrate the practical applicability of our results.
Fractals as Pre-Training Datasets for Anomaly Detection and Localization
Authors: Ugwu Cynthia I. , Caruso Emanuele , Lanz Oswald
Published: November 2024

Anomaly detection is crucial in large-scale industrial manufacturing as it helps to detect and localize defective parts. Pre-training feature extractors on large-scale datasets is a popular approach for this task. Stringent data security, privacy regulations, high costs, and long acquisition time hinder the development of large-scale datasets for training and benchmarking. Despite recent work focusing primarily on the development of new anomaly detection methods based on such extractors, not much attention has been paid to the importance of the data used for pre-training. This study compares representative models pre-trained with fractal images against those pre-trained with ImageNet, without subsequent task-specific fine-tuning. We evaluated the performance of eleven state-of-the-art methods on MVTecAD, MVTec LOCO AD, and VisA, well-known benchmark datasets inspired by real-world industrial inspection scenarios. Further, we propose a novel method to create a dataset by combining the dynamically generated fractal images creating a “Multi-Formula” dataset. Even though pre-training with ImageNet leads to better results, fractals can achieve close performance to ImageNet under proper parametrization. This opens up the possibility for a new research direction where feature extractors could be trained on synthetically generated abstract datasets mitigating the ever-increasing demand for data in machine learning while circumventing privacy and security concerns.
Observer-Based Prescribed Performance Adaptive Neural Network Tracking Control for Fractional-Order Nonlinear Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems Under Asymmetric Full-State Constraints
Authors: Lu Shuai , Yu Tao , Wang Changhui
Published: November 2024

In this work, the practical prescribed performance tracking issue for a class of fractional-order nonlinear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with asymmetric full-state constraints and unmeasurable system states is investigated. A neural network (NN) nonlinear state observer is developed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Furthermore, the barrier Lyapunov functions with the settling time regulator are employed to deal with the asymmetric full-state constraint from the fractional-order MIMO system. On this ground, the prescribed performance adaptive tracking control approach is designed, assuring that all system states do not exceed the prescribed boundaries, and the tracking errors converge to the predetermined compact sets within a predefined time. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed control scheme.
The Updated Scope of Fuels
Authors: Morsi Badie
Published: November 2024

The journal Fuels (ISSN: 2673-3994) was launched in 2020 [...]
On Remoteness Functions of k-NIM with k + 1 Piles in Normal and in Misère Versions
Authors: Gurvich Vladimir , Maximchuk Vladislav , Miheenkov Georgy , Naumova Mariya
Published: November 2024

Given integer n and k such that 0<k≤n and n piles of stones, two players alternate turns. On each move, a player is allowed to choose any k piles and remove exactly one stone from each. The player who has to move but cannot is the loser in the normal version of the game and (s)he is the winner in the misère version. Cases k=1 and k=n are trivial. For k=2, the game was solved for n≤6. For n≤4, the Sprague–Grundy function was efficiently computed (for both versions). For n=5,6, a polynomial algorithm computing P-positions was obtained for the normal version. Then, for the case k=n−1, a very simple explicit rule that determines the Smith remoteness function was found for the normal version of the game: the player who has to move keeps a pile with the minimum even number of stones; if all piles have an odd number of stones, then (s)he keeps a maximum one, while the n−1 remaining piles are reduced by one stone each in accordance with the rules of the game. Computations show that the same rule works efficiently for the misère version too. The exceptions are sparse. We list some. Denote a position by x=(x1,…,xn). Due to symmetry, we can assume wlog that x1≤…≤xn. Our computations partition all exceptions into the following three families: x1 is even, x1=1, and odd x1≥3. In all three cases, we suggest formulas covering all found exceptions, but it is not proven that there are no others.
Studies on the Powerful Photoluminescence of the Lu2O3:Eu3+ System in the Form of Ceramic Powders and Crystallized Aerogels
Authors: Alcantar Mendoza Alan D. , García Murillo Antonieta , Carrillo Romo Felipe de J. , Guzmán Mendoza José
Published: November 2024

This study compared the chemical, structural, and luminescent properties of xerogel-based ceramic powders (CPs) with those of a new series of crystallized aerogels (CAs) synthesized by the epoxy-assisted sol–gel process. Materials with different proportions of Eu3+ (2, 5, 8, and 10 mol%) were synthesized in Lu2O3 host matrices, as well as a Eu2O3 matrix for comparative purposes. The products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence analysis, and by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. The results show a band associated with the M-O bond, located at around 575 cm−1. XRD enabled us to check two ensembles: matrices (Lu2O3 or Eu2O3) and doping (Lu2O3:Eu3+) with appropriate chemical compositions featuring C-type crystal structures and intense reflections by the (222) plane, with an interplanar distance of around 0.3 nm. Also, the porous morphology presented by the materials consisted of interconnected particles that formed three-dimensional networks. Finally, emission bands due to the energy transitions (5DJ, where J = 0, 1, 2, and 3) were caused by the Eu3+ ions. The samples doped at 10 mol% showed orange-pink photoluminescence and had the longest disintegration times and greatest quantum yields with respect to the crystallized Eu2O3 aerogel.
Not Indian, Not African: Classifying the East African Asian Population in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rocha Zarine L. , Didham Robert
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the challenges of measuring and classifying the East African Asian population in Aotearoa New Zealand. As a particularly diverse country, New Zealand has a significant and varied population of immigrants from South Asia, including India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, along with immigrants of South Asian origin, from Fiji, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean and East Africa. New Zealand’s system of ethnic classification relies on self-identification, with a broad definition of ethnicity encompassing heritage, ancestry, culture, language and feelings of belonging. However, the collection of this information at a granularity that enables detailed analysis is constrained for the South Asian population, regardless of origin or identification. People are typically presented with the choice of selecting “Indian” ethnicity as a tick box, or providing ethnicities under “Other” as write-in descriptors, which in turn are coded to a limited set of categories within the classification being used. This practice potentially conceals a diversity of ethnicities, which can only partially be hinted at by responses to questions relating to religions, languages and birthplaces, especially for second or third-generation descendants of migrants. Ethnic classification at the highest level, moreover, includes East African Indians as Asian, rather than African, reflecting diasporic heritage as a shorthand for ancestry and overlooking the relevance of layers of identity associated with the double diaspora. Drawing on Peter J. Aspinall’s work on collective terminology in ethnic data collection and categorizing the “Asian” ethnic group in the UK, this paper looks at the overlaps and disconnects between heritage, ethnicity and national belonging in classifying less clearcut identities. We explore the strengths and limitations of New Zealand’s self-identification approach to ethnic identity, and query what exactly is being asked of groups on the margins: when self-identification does not match external perception, are we looking for geographic, cultural, or genetic origins? A focus on the East African Asian population in Aotearoa highlights the complexity of identity for diasporic groups with distant ancestral links with India, as lived experience of cultural connection extends far beyond the bounds of ethnicity, language and even ancestry.
Reliability and Validity of Measuring the Strength of the Chin-Tuck Maneuver in Community-Dwelling Older Adults as a Means of Evaluating Swallowing-Related Muscle Strength
Authors: Kamide Naoto , Murakami Takeshi , Ando Masataka , Sawada Takuya , Hata Wakana , Sakamoto Miki
Published: November 2024

Background: The chin-tuck maneuver has been suggested to increase suprahyoid muscle activation, but a method to measure the strength of the chin-tuck maneuver has not been established. We developed a method to measure the strength of the chin-tuck maneuver (chin-tuck strength) and examined the reliability and validity of chin-tuck-strength measurement in community-dwelling older adults. Participants and Methods: The participants were 233 older adults aged ≥65 years without dysphagia or physical disability. Chin-tuck strength was measured twice consecutively using the developed device, and reproducibility was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In addition, maximum tongue pressure, oral diadochokinesis, grip strength, knee extension strength, and the timed up and go test (TUGT) were measured as indices of swallowing-related muscle function and appendicular muscle function. The associations of chin-tuck strength with swallowing-related muscle function and appendicular muscle function were analyzed statistically. Results: The ICCs for chin-tuck strength were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.88) in males and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.70–0.93) in females. Chin-tuck strength was significantly associated with maximum tongue pressure, grip strength, knee extension strength, and TUGT. Conclusions: This study suggests that chin-tuck strength is a reliable and valid assessment of swallowing-related muscle strength.
Mortality in Newly Admitted Nursing Home Older Adults with Dementia in France: A Post Hoc Analysis from an Observational Study in the Bordeaux Region
Authors: Krier Damien , Le Goff Mélanie , Helmer Catherine , Wittwer Jérôme
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: A significant proportion of older adults with Alzheimer’s disease or related disorders live in a long-term care facility. This study aimed to determine the time delay between admission and death for older adults with dementia. Methods: A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from a French observational cohort, identifying older adults with dementia who were admitted to nursing homes. This study assessed median survival times after admission to care facilities by using Kaplan–Meier models and evaluated factors potentially associated with the time until death by using Cox models. Results: A total of 201 individuals were included. The median survival time from admission to a nursing home to death was 39 months. Being male, an older age, and having higher cognitive impairment and comorbidities were associated with decreased survival rates. Conclusions: This study provides survival results for institutionalised older adults with dementia in France and provides elements for the definition of future public policies.
Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Gay Affirmative Practice Scale (GAP-ES)
Authors: Karniej Piotr , Dissen Anthony , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Martinez Sabater Antonio , Pozo-Herce Pablo del , Gea-Caballero Vicente , Echaniz-Serrano Emmanuel , Czapla Michał
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals often face discrimination in healthcare settings, resulting in health disparities. Evaluating healthcare professionals’ affirmative practices is essential for promoting inclusive care and addressing these disparities. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Gay Affirmative Practice Scale (GAP-ES), which measures healthcare professionals’ affirmative practices towards gay individuals. Methods: Before assessing its psychometric properties, the original Gay Affirmative Practice Scale (GAP) was translated and culturally adapted from English to Spanish. Following the translation, the psychometric properties were tested on a sample of 236 healthcare professionals. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and the discriminatory power index. Factor structure was evaluated with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares method. Results: The sample consisted of 152 female (64.41%) and 84 male (35.59%) participants, with 58.05% identifying as heterosexual, 28.81% as homosexual, and 13.14% as bisexual. The internal consistency of the GAP-ES was strong, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.915 for the Beliefs subscale and 0.902 for the Behaviors subscale. The McDonald’s Omega coefficient was 0.942, indicating high reliability. CFA confirmed a two-factor structure with satisfactory fit indices (CFI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.071). Conclusions: The GAP-ES demonstrates strong internal consistency and a stable factor structure. It is a reliable tool for evaluating affirmative practices toward LGBT patients in Spanish-speaking healthcare contexts, supporting improved care for this population. The integration of the GAP-ES into clinical practice and training programs may support the enhancement of cultural competence among healthcare professionals, contributing to the reduction of health disparities for LGBT patients in Spanish-speaking settings.
Gender Differences in the Functional Limitations of Frail Older People Ageing in Place Alone in Italy
Authors: Melchiorre Maria Gabriella , Socci Marco , Lamura Giovanni , Quattrini Sabrina
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives Older people with functional limitations find it difficult to age in place alone, without cohabiting with relatives. In light of this, this paper aimed to investigate possible gender differences in this respect among seniors living in Italy. Methods: The study presents findings from the IN-AGE (“Inclusive ageing in place”) study carried out in 2019 in this country assessing the ability of seniors aged 65 years and over to carry out basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs and IADLs), in addition to two mobility limitations (going up/down the stairs and bending to pick up an object) and sensory limitations (hearing and eyesight). Qualitative/semi-structured interviews were administered to 120 older people living in three Italian regions (Lombardy, Marche, and Calabria). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed by differentiating between genders and among activities carried out autonomously, with help, or not performed (i.e., the senior is “not able”). Possible sources of support were also explored. Results: The main results revealed that cleaning the house, shopping, bathing/showering, and washing the laundry are particularly difficult, with men reporting greater difficulties than women. Moreover, for both genders, the family—especially children—represents the main source of help, in addition to public and private services, but the results differ between males and females. Conclusions: These results can offer insights for policymakers in the development of adequate gender-sensitive policies.
Caregiving Intensity, Duration, and Subjective Financial Well-Being Among Rural Informal Caregivers of Older Adults with Chronic Illnesses or Disabilities
Authors: Wagle Sampada , Yang Siqi , Osei Evans Appiah , Katare Bhagyashree , Lalani Nasreen
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Rural informal caregivers (IC) experience major financial and economic constraints in caring for their older family members. Rurality combined with increased caregiving demands and intensity, poor economic opportunities, and limited financial resources and policies create multiple financial stressors and can lead to poor financial well-being. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to understand how caregiving demands, intensity, and duration impact the subjective financial well-being of rural caregivers of older adults. Methods: Informal caregivers (N = 196) residing in 12 rural counties in the central North Region of the Midwestern US participated in the survey. Ordinary Least Squares and Linear Probability Model regressions were conducted to measure the association among the study variables. Results: Our findings showed a moderate level of subjective financial well-being among informal caregivers (average = 51.62; SD 14.52). Caregiving intensity negatively affected financial well-being (β = −1.470, p < 0.05). More than half of informal caregivers (58%) were not satisfied with their household income, and 30% found it difficult to meet their family’s needs with their current income status. Discussion and Conclusions: Longer hours of care are associated with financial burden and insecurity and can significantly influence the financial health and well-being of rural informal caregivers of older adults. Older caregivers were found to manage their financial constraints more effectively. Future comparative and longitudinal studies with a more diverse sample are required to infer long-term interactions among the different variables in this study.
The Paradox of Digital Health: Why Middle-Aged Adults Outperform Young Adults in Health Management Utilization via Technology
Authors: Jeong Seo-Ha , Nam Yeon Gyo
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Globally, life expectancy has been increasing with South Korea focusing on improving health to enhance quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic further emphasized the need for digital transformation in healthcare, accelerating digital health adoption. This study explores the digital divide between ‘Digital Natives (20–39 Y)’ and ‘Digital Immigrants (40–69 Y)’, focusing on digital device usage and confidence. Methods: This study utilized national survey data from the Digital Health Literacy Survey Results and Policy Implications, focusing on differences in digital device use and confidence between young adults (20–39 Y) and middle-aged adults (40–69 Y). The participants comprised 1000 adults aged 20 to 69 in the Republic of Korea. Respondents were queried about their use of digital health tools, such as wearable devices and mobile apps. Confidence in using digital systems and managing health via digital tools was assessed using a five-point Likert scale. Results: The findings indicated that while young adults have lower rates of using digital devices for healthcare, they exhibit higher confidence in using such devices. In contrast, middle-aged adults, despite having lower confidence, report higher usage of digital devices for healthcare purposes. Conclusions: This study explored differences in digital confidence and healthcare usage between age groups and aimed to propose effective health management strategies based on digital accessibility.
Traumatic Brain Injury as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology, Prognostic Factors and Useful Data from Forensic Practice
Authors: Karaboue Michele Ahmed Antonio , Ministeri Federica , Sessa Francesco , Nannola Chiara , Chisari Mario Giuseppe , Cocimano Giuseppe , Di Mauro Lucio , Salerno Monica , Esposito Massimiliano
Published: November 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major public health problem, being a leading cause of disability and mortality among young people in developed countries. Head trauma occurs across all age groups, each experiencing consistently high rates of mortality and disability. This review aims to present an overview of TBI epidemiology and its socioeconomic impact, alongside data valuable for prevention, clinical management, and research efforts. Methods: A narrative review of TBI was performed with a particular focus on forensic pathology and public health. In fact, this review highlighted the economic and epidemiological aspects of TBI, as well as autopsy, histology, immunohistochemistry, and miRNA. Results: These data, together with immunohistochemical markers, are crucial for histopathological diagnosis and to determine the timing of injury onset, a fundamental aspect in forensic pathology practice. There is compelling evidence that brain injury biomarkers may enhance predictive models for clinical and prognostic outcomes. By clarifying the cause of death and providing details on survival time after trauma, forensic tools offer valuable information to improve the clinical management of TBI and guide preventive interventions. Conclusions: TBI is one of the most common causes of death today, with high costs for health care spending. Knowing the different mechanisms of TBI, reduces health care costs and helps improve prognosis.
Characteristics and In-Hospital Outcomes of Single-Vessel Coronary Disease Intervention: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database 2016–2020
Authors: Yeap Gabriel , Ramphul Kamleshun , Ahmed Javed M. , Shah Asif , Jeelani Saddam , Sakthivel Hemamalini , Dulay Mansimran Singh , Shahid Farhan , Ahmed Raheel
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Few studies have analyzed in-hospital complications and events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures for patients who underwent these interventions for single-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to compare the outcomes of PCI and CABG in such patients using a large propensity-matched real-world database based on procedural codes. Methods: Adult patients receiving PCI or CABG for single-vessel CAD were identified from the 2016–2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Any cases targeting multi-vessel disease or employing a multi-treatment approach were excluded using appropriate procedural codes. Differences in events and complications from admission to discharge were studied between the two procedures (PCI vs. CABG) via logistic regression analysis. Results: After propensity matching with 273,380 patients in both groups, complication risks such as cardiac tamponade (aOR: 3.6 [3.27–3.96]), acute kidney injury (aOR: 1.53 [1.51–1.56]), cardiogenic shock (aOR: 1.38 [1.34–1.40]), procedural bleeding (aOR: 1.75 [1.67–1.83]), acute ischemic stroke (aOR: 1.89 [1.80–1.97]), and all-cause mortality (aOR: 1.05 [1.02–1.08]) were higher among CABG patients. No differences were observed for events of cardiac perforation (aOR: 0.92, [0.84–1.01]). Conclusions: In this large real-world propensity-matched analysis, CABG was associated with higher risks of multiple in-hospital complications and all-cause mortality compared to PCI following a single-vessel coronary intervention.
Long Time No See! Revisiting Single-Vessel Revascularization: Importance of Robust Study Design and Database Utilization
Authors: Nienaber Christoph A. , Nienaber Stephan
Published: November 2024

The group around Gabriel Yeap et al [...]
“There Is No Law for Me in England”: An Indian Grocer’s Struggle for Economic and Geographical Space, and Agency in Oxford (1888–1896)
Authors: Milne Andrew
Published: November 2024

The Oxford Times ran a headline in May 1896 that stated in bold capitals ‘STRANGE DEATH OF A HINDOO’, detailing the circumstances of the death of Baboo Mookhi Singh, who, it seems, was the first (known) Indian grocer in Oxford. While today, the pioneering research by Rozina Visram related to the presence of Asians in Britain, that of Antoinette Burton in the late-Victorian period, or Michael Fisher’s work on counterflows to colonialism, is not new, the majority of research regarding the presence of Indians in the British Isles is either scant for this period of time, or related to ayahs and lascars, or to poets, intellectuals, and aristocrats, with considerable research also related to the Indian military. The majority of times, that research has also focused solely on London. The originality of this research paper provides material heretofore undocumented related to an early settler in Oxford from India (1880s–1890s): Baboo Mookhi Singh (1867–1893), Oxford’s first grocer, and tea importer from India. He originated from Benaras (Varanasi) and arrived in Britain, where he set up a business in the centre of Oxford. However, what he encountered there was name-calling, verbal as well as physical harassment, and ultimately his death in strange circumstances. He seemingly came alone, although his import business, which boasted the best tea not only in Oxford, but in the whole country, was run by the ‘Singh Brothers’ (his brother remaining in India). While Singh most certainly travelled via the Suez Canal to Britain, the country to which he was travelling would have been both familiar and unfamiliar to him. However, due to the lack of resources available, all too often common people, such as Singh, have been neglected. In this article, newspaper reports and material from the numerous trials (mostly initiated by Singh against the local people and his immediate neighbours) are brought together, as well as the coroner’s reports, and the police notes to determine Singh’s struggle for recognition, and his attempt at resistance. This paper documents his struggle for cultural/geographic space, to redress the imbalance of power, and gain agency. Despite his attempts at resilience, he did, in the end, die. However, Singh was a pioneer in a struggle for power, a stand for resistance, and how the law perceived him, in his difference, changing the community around him, albeit on a small scale. It is a telling story that resurfaces an early Indian settler in Britain, his alterity in Victorian society, and the latter’s attitudes towards race. It steps outside of the traditional image of the empire at home, in Britain, in everyday life.
Current Strategies to Modify the Functional Properties of Proteins Extracted from Pumpkin Seeds: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pandey Vinay Kumar , Singh Kriti , Suthar Tejas , Srivastava Shivangi , Rustagi Sarvesh , Ungai Diána , Kovács Béla , Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
Published: November 2024

The functional properties of pumpkin seed proteins remain unutilized in numerous food and industrial applications. Several current approaches aim to improve the functional properties of pumpkin seed proteins, allowing their innovative potential to develop and modify significantly. Several strategies can be implemented to alter the functional properties of proteins isolated from pumpkin seeds. The first is enzymatic hydrolysis, regardless of whether, proteases may free peptide binding and profoundly impact the protein structure and functionality. Thermal treatment can include heating and cooling to replace protein conformation and increase solubility, emulsification, and gelation properties. Chemical modification techniques, including acylation and glycation, can also be used to improve stability, viscosity, and foaming ability. Functional properties and, where possible, ingredients with many applications may include exceptional possibilities for proteins modified in food preparations, such as dairy replacements, plant-based meat analogues, and free gluten that have an outstanding aspect, satisfactory quality, and nutritional profiles. As multiple different proteins act as precursors of active peptides, they can also be used to generate bio-specific foods. This review briefly provides information about various types of protein extraction techniques and functional properties that are modified by different types of processing technologies.