bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vieglā valoda. Rokasgrāmata
Authors: Polinska Velga
Published: March 2022

Latvijā, tāpat kā daudzās pasaules valstīs, pieaug to cilvēku skaits, kuri nespēj uztvert plašākus teikumus, sarežģītāku tekstu. Tie ir gan bērni ar īpašām vajadzībām, gan pieaugušie, kuru kognitīvās spējas kļuvušas vājākas pārciestu traumu vai slimību dēļ. Kaut arī šī problēma ir aktuāla jau daudzus gadu desmitus, tomēr Latvijā vēl arvien nav nedz normatīva regulējuma, kas noteiktu vieglās valodas lietošanas nepieciešamību, nedz arī atbilstošu mācību materiālu skolēniem un instrukciju dažādu iestāžu darbiniekiem, kā veidot tekstu t. s. vieglajā valodā. Par galveno problēmu Latvijā uzskatāms vienotu un profesionāli izstrādātu vadlīniju trūkums, kas ļautu visiem interesentiem pēc vienotiem kritērijiem un latviešu valodai atbilstošiem principiem adaptēt tekstus vieglajā valodā. Vieglās valodas rokasgrāmata ir pirmais mēģinājums apkopot Latvijas pieredzi vieglās valodas apgūšanā un lietojumā.
An Unexpected Finding in a Patient with Suspected Urothelial Recurrence during Surveillance Post Radical Cystoprostatectomy for Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Khafaji Ibrahim Al , Uwadiae Harmony , Al-Hashimi Hajir , Abusada Ehab , Srirangam Shalom , Al-Mula Abed Omar
Published: March 2022

We report a 79-year-old gentleman with an asymptomatic intra-ureteric encrusted suture thread. He was found to have calcification in the left renal pelvis and thickening of the upper ureteric wall on a follow-up computerised tomography (CT) scan ten years after a radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal conduit formation for bladder and prostate cancer. These incidental CT scan findings raised the possibility of either ureteric stone or tumour. Subsequently, the patient underwent a ureterorenoscopy, which revealed a calcified 6cm length thread thought to be a suture that slipped intraoperative during his initial radical surgery ten years earlier.
Pyotr Karlovich Uslar — the Founder of Caucasian Folklore
Authors: Alieva Alla I.
Published: March 2022

The articles examines a hitherto understudied contribution of one of the Mountain Iberian-Caucasian languages’ researcher, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences P.K. Uslar (1816–1875), to the emergence of Caucasian folklore. The scholar studied the languages of the Caucasian highlanders, relying not only on the living speech of their native speakers, but primarily on their folklore. Since before Uslar there were no scientific records and publications of the Mountain folklore, the scientist had to be the first in the history of Kavkaz studies to record them in the original languages — Abkhazian, Chechen, Avar, Lakh, Darginsky, Lezginsky, Tabasaran, the first to publish them in these languages by means of his own alphabet, which went down in the history of Caucasus studies as “Uslarovsky” and the first to accompany them with a “double” subscript and literary translation into Russian, linguistic and folklore commentary. Uslar not only consistently adhered to the principles of recording, publishing, and commenting on folklore texts defined by him, but also clearly formulated them, laying the foundations of the textual folklore of the Mountain Caucasians, which have been followed by Caucasian folklorists. No less important is the contribution of the scientist to the study of the folklore of the Caucasian highlanders — Uslar was the first in Caucasus studies to characterize the Nart epic, animals and fairy tales, parables, anecdotes, songs, proverbs and sayings. All this together, albeit with a great delay, allows to call Uslar the founder of Caucasian folklore studies.
Russian Detective Studies in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Moiseev Petr A.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the works of Russian literary critics of the first half of the 20th century, such as K. Chukovsky, V. Bryusov, V. Shklovsky, E. Lann, N. Berkovsky, E. Vinaver, S. Eisenstein. The author considers Shklovsky’s article “The Novella of Mysteries,” notes its advantages and disadvantages (in particular, indicates the absence of definition of mystery, which is the central concept in the article, as well as Shklovsky’s mixing of the genres of detective story, Gothic novel, sensational novel, etc.). The author indicates advantages of Berkovsky’s note “About the Soviet detective fiction,” in which the example of the novel by A. Tolstoy “Hyperboloid of the engineer Garin” indicates what what is not typical for detective story. The author demonstrates how Eisenstein created a comprehensive and elaborate theory of the detective genre; in particular the understanding of the famous director of the genre specifics (almost complete impossibility of connection between detective genre and “serious” content) and his reference to the detective story as an example of the need for the artist to “always know the station to which you hold the way.” The article is the first detailed analysis of the works of Russian researchers of detective fiction.
Manuscript Variation in “Hervarar Saga ok Heiðreks Konungs”
Authors: Matyushina Inna G.
Published: March 2022

The main aim of the article is to refute the view that “The Lay of Hervör” (“Hervararkviða”) represents a late interpolation in the text of “The Saga of Hervör and King Heidrek the Wise” and to give arguments against the hypothesis that the female character of the lay is secondary in relation to the shield-maiden taking part in the Battle of the Goths and the Huns. The study of manuscript variation in the main surviving redactions of the saga (H: AM 544, U: R 715 and R: GKS 2845) sheds light on the structure of both lays and facilitates the identification of the roles of the two shield-maidens in the prose narrative of the saga and in the composition of the “Hervararkviða” and the poem on “The Battle of the Goths and the Huns”. The contextual analysis of “Hervararkviða” against the background of the saga prose and the mythological and heroic epic leads to the conclusion that parts of the female character’s dialogue with her father (her incantation and his prophesy) could go back to the hypothetical oral tradition of poetic dialogues with the dead (draugr), which is reflected in the lays of the Poetic Edda.
Dynamics of the Text of the 1st and 2nd Books of And Quiet Flows the Don in Printed Sources
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvoryashin Yury A.
Published: March 2022

The article presents for the first time a systematic analysis of that textual changes (of technical or accidental nature, as well as made by the author or editors) which can be found in the first two books (parts 1–5) of M.A. Sholokhov’s novel And Quiet Flows the Don. The changes were made during the writer’s life and may be regarded as connected with every step of the novel’s creative history — from the drafts and the clean autographs, the journal publication and the first separate editions to the publication within the Collected Works of Mikhail Sholokhov.
Mikhail Sholokhov in the Diaries of Vsevolod Vishnevsky
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kornienko Natalya V.
Published: March 2022

The article provides for the first time those reflections on and assessments of M.A. Sholokhov’s personality and literary works which were made by the famous Soviet writer (and the active participant of literary process during the 1930s and 1940s) V.V. Vishnevsky in his diaries. Analyzing V.V. Vishnevsky’s judgments, the article highlights how Sholokhov’s literary works were comprehended — regarding their social and aesthetical value — by the writer’s contemporaries and what characteristics and results this comprehension implied.
The Parable Genre in the Ideological and Artistic World of Mikhail Sholokhov
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Dyrdin Aleksandr A.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes one of the features related to the dialogue between national religious and secular cultures as rendered in M.A. Sholokhov’s ideological-literary world. This is a connection with the canonical parable, i.e., the transformation and dissociation of parable plots, their interaction with the events and literary types created by the writer, and, finally, their authorial renderings and reductions to symbolical images. The author of the novel And Quiet Flows the Don addresses to the Christian subjects and motives so as to actualize their spiritual meanings. The parable as an ontological genre is represented in Sholokhov’s works through the systematic references to Evangelical and Old Testament parables and phraseological units. This textual feature — along with the parable dimension typical for the author’s literary voice — allows to consider Sholokhov’s modifications of parable plots and situations as that ideologicalspiritual narrative basis which largely determines both the authorial style and the multiplicity of its semantic levels: i.e., the synthesis, the interaction between real, plot-archetypal, and literary-philosophical dimensions.
DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH TERHADAP KONSEPSI SISWA KELAS XII SMK PADA MATERI STATISTIKA
Authors: Melisa Melisa , Zulkarnaen Rafiq
Published: March 2022

The limitations of distance learning are thought to cause students to have difficulty understanding mathematics, especially statistics. This study aims to analyze the impact of distance learning on students' conceptions of statistical material. An exploratory case study was used in this study, with a single case and single analysis. In this study, students had difficulty in solving statistical problems during distance learning, while a single analysis was used to examine the factors causing difficulties from the impact of distance learning. The research subjects were 68 students in two class XII AKL at one State Vocational School in Karawang Regency. Test and non-test instruments were used in this study, five questions were explained in statistics material and structured interviews about the impact of distance learning. The indicator of difficulty on statistical questions with high criteria concluded that 73% of students had difficulty in explaining ideas, situations, and mathematical relationships orally and in writing on statistical material. This is because students find it difficult to understand the material, explain and analyze the data given in the problem or problem. These findings were obtained as a result of the lack of direct learning interaction in mathematical activities when online or offline.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL POLA BILANGAN
Authors: Qomalhaq Shenlie Wilanda , Falak Agam Fajrul
Published: March 2022

Research conducted to find out the level of communication skills of students, in the point of the number pattern that contains 5 points of essay problems. The instrument has passed the problem validation test and was tested to students of grade VIII of one of the State Junior High Schools in West Bandung Regency, by conducting the following process: 1). Preparation, 2). Implementation and 3). Evaluation. This research uses a derifrift method with data collection techniques through observations. Data obtained from the results of instrument trials and the results of errors in the settlement process, and the results of the study showed that students' communication skills were at moderate interpretation.
PENGARUH SELF-CONFIDENCE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Fitayanti Nurul , Rahmawati Ana , Asriningsih Tafsillatul Mufida
Published: March 2022

This research includes a combination research (mix method) with the type of concurered embedded, quantitative methods as the primary method used to test the effect of self-confidence on students' mathematical problem solving abilities statistically. followed by a complementary method, namely a qualitative method which is used to further analyze the effect of self-confidence on students' problem-solving abilities. The data collection techniques used were self-confidence questionnaire, KPMM test, and interview technique. While the data analysis techniques were quantitatively and qualitatively. Results of this study are (1) self-confidence affects students' mathematical problem solving abilities, (2) self-confidence affects students' mathematical problem solving abilities by 26.6%, (3) in general, subjects with self-confidence students have high and low levels of mathematical problem solving abilities. Subjects with moderate self-confidence have low and very low abilities in solving mathematical problems. Meanwhile, subjects with low self-confidence are also very low in solving mathematical problems.
Preoperative clinical application of human fibrinogen in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection: A Single-center Retrospective Study.
Authors: Li Jia-Hui , Wu Qingsong , tang mirong , Shen Yue , Qiu Zhihuang , Chen Xiaodong , Chen Xingfeng , chen liangwan
Published: March 2022

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative clinical efficacy of
preoperative human fibrinogen treatment in patients with acute Stanford
type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Methods: Data of 159 patients
with ATAAD who underwent emergency surgical treatment in our hospital
from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.
Patients were divided into two groups according to whether human
fibrinogen was administered before surgery. The preoperative clinical
data, surgical data, postoperative data, complications related to the
coagulation function, and mortality of the two groups were compared and
analyzed. Results: The in-hospital mortality was similar in the
two groups (2.9% versus 9.3%, P = 0.122). However, group A had a
significantly shorter operation time (279.24±39.03 versus 298.24±45.90,
P=0.008), lower intraoperative blood loss (240.48±96.75 versus
353.70±189.80, P＜0.001), and reduced intraoperative transfusion
requirement of red blood cells (2.61±1.18 versus 6.05±1.86, P＜0.001).
The postoperative suction drainage within 24 hours in group A was
significantly decreased (243.24±201.52 versus 504.22±341.08，P=0.002).
The incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in group A was
lower than that in group B (3.8% versus 14.8%, P =0.023). Similarly,
the incidence of postoperative hepatic insufficiency in group A was
lower than that in group B (1.9% versus 9.3%, P =0.045). In group A,
the mechanical ventilation time was shorter (47.68±28.61 versus
118.21±173.16, P=0.004) along with reduced ICU stay time (4.06±1.18
versus 8.09±9.42, P=0.003), and postoperative hospitalization days
(19.20±14.60 versus 23.50±7.56, P=0.004). Conclusion:
Preoperative administration of human fibrinogen in patients undergoing
ATAAD surgery can effectively reduce the intraoperative blood loss,
blood transfusion amount, shorten the operation time, reduce
postoperative complications, and improve the early prognosis of
patients, in addition to being highly safe.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Digital Diabetes Prevention Program in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System Among Older Adults: Results of a Natural Experiment
Authors: Fitzpatrick Stephanie L. , Mayhew Meghan , Rawlings Andreea M. , Smith Ning , Nyongesa Denis B. , Vollmer William M. , Stevens Victor J. , Grall Sarah K. , Fortmann Stephen P.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this natural experiment study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-month digital Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for adults aged 65–75 years with prediabetes and obesity within a large, integrated health care system. Adjusting for propensity scores and covariates, patients who enrolled and participated in the digital DPP had a mean weight loss of 8.6 lb over 12 months and 5.7 lb by 24 months, compared with a steady, minimal weight loss of 1.3 lb over 12 months and 2.8 lb by 24 months among patients not enrolled. There was a significant difference in mean change in A1C between enrolled and nonenrolled patients over 12 months (−0.10%), but not by 24 months (−0.06%). Digital DPP appears to be an effective weight loss option and potential diabetes prevention intervention for older adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Board Characteristics and Financial Performance of Conglomerates in Nigeria
Authors: Okolie Augustine O. , Uwejeyan Juliet C.
Published: March 2022

This study explores the influence of corporate board attributes on the financial performance of conglomerates in Nigeria. Board Size, Board Independence, Board Committees, Board Meetings, and Board Shareholdings served as indicators of board characteristics, while financial performance was measured by Return on Assets (ROA). As a consequence of the 10-year study period from 2011 to 2020, a sample of five quoted conglomerates was selected. Secondary data were obtained from the annual reports of the selected conglomerates using an ex-post facto research design. The regression method employed was panel data regression. The findings demonstrate that the size, independence, and stock holdings of the board and audit committee had a considerable effect on the financial performance of conglomerates in Nigeria. However, board meetings did not show any significant influence on the financial performance of Conglomerates in Nigeria. The study recommends reasonable synergy between board members and owners to maintain a reasonable board size, accountability, transparency, and teamwork in order to sustain board independence as an instrument or influence on the financial performance of conglomerates in Nigeria. At the same time and reduce the frequency of holding board meetings in order to minimize its adverse effects on the financial performance of conglomerates in Nigeria.
Nilai-Nilai Nasionalisme Tokoh Eliana dalam Novel Si Anak Pemberani Karya Tere Liye
Authors: Qur'ani Hidayah Budi , Anggraini Purwati , Widodo Joko
Published: March 2022

Nationalism and state defense are things that are often questioned lately. This study discusses the implementation of the value of nationalism in the literary work of the novel entitled Si Anak Pemberani by Tere Liye. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The theory used in this study is the concept of nationalism proposed by Lisyarti and Setiadi (2008). Collecting data using library techniques by reading, listening and taking notes. The results of this study indicate five forms of implementing the values of nationalism in the novel. The five forms of nationalism values include: civic nationalism, cultural nationalism, ethnic nationalism, state nationalism, religious nationalism.
ABDURRAHMAN AĞA DİLBAZOĞLU VE GENCE HANLIĞI NIN İŞGALİNE DAİR ŞİİRLERİ
Authors: Barmanbay Afina
Published: March 2022

Gence Hanlığı ve Cevad Han, 19. yüzyıl başlarını anlatan pek çok
edebî eserin konusu olmuştur. Bu bakımdan Abdurrahman Ağa Dilbazoğlu’nun Gence Hanlığı hakkında yazdığı şiirleri dikkat çekmektedir. Abdurrahman Ağa Dilbazoğlu; şimdiye kadar hakkında ne Azerbaycan’da
ne de Türkiye’de ayrıca bir çalışma yapılmayan ve eserleri incelenmeyen
18-19. yüzyıl şairidir. Gürcü çarı tarafından hain ilan edilip gözlerine mil
sürülmüştür. Şairin günümüze dört şiiri ulaşmıştır.
Çalışmamız üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde öncelikle Gence
Hanlığının işgali hakkında bilgiler, daha sonra Gence Hanlığının işgaline
dair 19. yüzyılda yazılan şiirler ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölüm, üç alt başlık
altında incelenmektedir. Bu bölümde Dilbazoğulları nesli, şairin hayatı ve
Mirvardi Dilbazi’nin Abdurrahman Ağa Dilbazoğlu karakterini yarattığı
“Kör Şair” manzumesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Son bölümde ise şairin günümüze ulaşan dört şiiri incelenmiştir. Otuz dokuz beşlikten oluşan “Bir
rivayet söyle, ey dil, çark-ı kecreftarden” başlıklı şiir; Gence Hanlığı’nın
direnişini, savaş sürecindeki birçok detayı tasvir ettiği için tarihî olaylarla
karşılaştırılarak daha ayrıntılı şekilde incelenmiştir. Tarihî kaynaklar olarak daha çok 19. yüzyıla ait Rus arşiv belgelerine başvurulmuştur.
Çalışmanın amacı; 19. yüzyıl Azerbaycan edebiyatında istiklal konusuna dikkat çekmek, ister kişiliği isterse de eserleriyle tanınmayı hak
eden Abdurrahman Ağa Dilbazoğlu hakkında bilgi vermek, şairin Gence Hanlığı’nın direnişi ve Cevad Han hakkında yazdığı eserleri inceleyerek
edebiyat tarihine kazandırmaktır
Literacia em saúde em adultos diabéticos usuários do serviço público de saúde em municípios de São Paulo
Authors: Rodrigues Victoria Pedrazzoli , De Matos Laura Ribeiro , Tenani Carla Fabiana , Batista Marilia Jesus
Published: March 2022

ObjetivoAnalisar a literacia em saúde de adultos e idosos com diabetes tipo 2 atendidos em unidades de saúde de dois municípios de São Paulo.MétodosEstudo transversal com adultos e idosos diabéticos acompanhados em duas unidades de saúde: uma localizada em Jundiaí e a outra em Piracicaba. Foram analisados: fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, comportamentos em saúde, condições clínicas, uso do serviço de saúde, a literacia (por meio do Health Literacy Scale, aplicado através de entrevistas); e os índices de glicemia e hemoglobina glicada relatados nos prontuários dos participantes. Realizou-se teste Qui-Quadrado para verificar associação da literacia com as variáveis independentes (p<0,05).ResultadosA maior parte da amostra era composta por mulheres, 67,6% dos participantes (n=48) apresentou glicemia alterada <127mg/dL, 59,1% (n=39) Hb1Ac <8% e um baixo nível de literacia foi observado em 51,6% (n=46) dos avaliados. A baixa literacia foi associada à moradia não própria, maior glicemia, baixa escolaridade, ao tabagismo e aos brancos (p<0,05).ConclusãoNo presente estudo houve associação da literacia com variáveis clínicas e comportamentos em saúde, indicando que a literacia em saúde deve ser considerada nas estratégias de promoção de saúde e na qualidade da atenção em saúde voltadas para a populaçãocom diabetes mellitus.
Effects of trazodone on behavioral and physiological signs of stress in dogs during veterinary visits: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial
Authors: Kim Sun-A , Borchardt Michelle R. , Lee Kyuyoung , Stelow Elizabeth A. , Bain Melissa J.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether a single dose of trazodone administered to dogs before a veterinary visit reduced their behavioral and physiologic signs of stress and owners’ stress during veterinary visits.

SAMPLE

20 dogs and their owners.

PROCEDURES

In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial, dogs with a history of anxiety during veterinary visits were scheduled for 2 veterinary visits 1 week apart and randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of either trazodone (9 to 12 mg/kg) or a placebo 90 minutes before transport to the veterinary clinic for alternate visits between September 21 and November 3, 2019. For each visit, we collected and assessed owner-completed surveys of dog stress score (DSS) and owner stress score; various investigator-reported scores, including from video-recorded behavior analyses; and patient-related physiologic data.

RESULTS

Dogs treated with trazodone versus placebo had lower mean DSSs, assessed by owners for physical examination and assessed by video analysis for time spent in the examination room; lower mean SD of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of successive heartbeat interval difference, and respiratory rate; and higher mean heart rate. No meaningful differences were observed in other behavioral or physiologic outcomes, including serum cortisol concentrations.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

A single dose of trazodone before transport reduced signs of stress during veterinary visits for dogs in the present study and may be useful as an anti-anxiety medication for similarly affected dogs, potentially resulting in higher-quality clinical examinations and improved patient welfare.
Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups
Authors: Álvarez Elena Ríos , Solé Laura Vilalta , de Carellán Mateo Alejandra García
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

To compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality and duration of sedation of 2 subcutaneous sedation protocols for noninvasive procedures in guinea pigs (GPs).

ANIMALS

24 pet GPs (15 females, 9 males) of 3 different age groups: infant (n = 8), juvenile (8), and adult (8).

PROCEDURES

The study design was a randomized, crossover, blinded, clinical trial with a washout period of at least 7 days between protocols. Guinea pigs were sedated SC with alfaxalone (5 mg/kg; group A) or alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; group A + M) to facilitate blood sampling, radiography, or abdominal ultrasonography. Vital parameters, hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), and sedation scores were recorded every 5 minutes.

RESULTS

Mean heart rate was lower in group A than group A + M (P = 0.001), and respiratory rate was significantly (P = 0.001) decreased relative to baseline during sedation in both groups. The SpO2 remained above 95% in both sedation groups. Rectal temperature was significantly (P = 0.001) lower during recovery versus baseline. Onset of sedation was shorter and the duration longer in group A + M than in group A. The duration and depth of the sedation was different between age groups (P = 0.001), being longer and deeper in adults. Bruxism, hectic movements, twitching, and some degree of hyperreactivity were observed during 41 of the 48 sedations.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone provided reliable sedation for nonpainful procedures in GPs. When combined with midazolam, alfaxalone provided longer and deeper sedation that was more significant in adults than in younger patients.
Analysis of patient outcome and owner satisfaction with double limb amputations: 14 dogs and four cats
Authors: Magidenko Steven R. , Peterson Nathan W. , Pisano Guido , Buote Nicole J.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the indications for, complications of, and surgical outcomes of dogs and cats that were treated with double limb amputations.

ANIMALS

14 dogs and 4 cats that underwent double limb amputations.

PROCEDURES

Data collected retrospectively included patient-specific (species, age, weight, breed, sex, existing comorbidities) and amputation-specific (indication for amputation, full or partial limb amputation, associated complications, need for revision surgeries) variables. Owner satisfaction scores were also collected.

RESULTS

The most common indication for double amputations was trauma (12/18) patients. Eleven patients had both amputations performed simultaneously. Nine patients had double partial limb amputations versus full limb amputations. Twelve patients underwent bilateral pelvic limb amputations, 4 underwent bilateral thoracic limb amputations, and 2 had 1 pelvic and 1 contralateral thoracic limb amputated. Five patients had reported complications over the course of the follow-up period, and complications for 3 patients were considered major. Revision surgery was reported for 2 animals. Owner satisfaction scores were reported as very satisfied/excellent (14/18), mildly satisfied (3/18), and strongly dissatisfied (1/18). Median time to follow-up was 450 days (range, 85 to 4,380 days).

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Double limb amputation may be a viable alternative to advanced limb-sparing procedures or humane euthanasia based on the owner satisfaction data and the relatively low rate of major complications in this study. Future studies should clarify patient selection criteria and differences in function between surgical types.
Nonveterinarian staff increase revenue and improve veterinarian productivity in mixed and companion animal veterinary practices in the United States
Authors: Ouedraogo Frederic B. , Lefebvre Sandra L. , Salois Matthew
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine the contributions of veterinarians and support staff to revenue and veterinarian productivity (ie, number of patients seen/full-time–equivalent veterinarian/wk) in private mixed and companion animal practices in the US and identify staff-to-veterinarian labor ratios (SVLRs) that maximized these 2 practice outputs.

SAMPLE

409 owners of mixed and companion animal practices who participated in the 2020 AVMA Practice Owner Survey.

PROCEDURES

Data regarding owner demographics, practice characteristics, labor (defined as mean total hours worked/wk), and gross revenue in 2019 were obtained from participating practices. Multivariable ordinary least-squares regression was used to identify factors associated with revenue and productivity as well as the SVLRs at which revenue and productivity were maximized.

RESULTS

For each 10% increase in total veterinarian hours worked per week, revenue increased by a mean of approximately 9%. A 1-unit increase in total number of technician hours used to support 1 hour of veterinarian work was associated with a 20.5% increase in revenue but with no change in productivity. The same increase in total number of nonmedical staff hours was associated with a 17.0% increase in revenue and 14.4% increase in productivity. In terms of revenue, the optimal SVLRs for veterinary technicians and nonmedical staff were 9:1 and 8:1, respectively. In terms of productivity, the optimal SVLR for nonmedical staff was 10:1.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings confirmed the important role of nonveterinarian staff in revenue and veterinarian productivity in mixed animal and companion animal practices and may be useful for making evidence-based staffing decisions.
Antibiotic susceptibility of mycobacteria isolated from ornamental fish
Authors: Guz Leszek , Puk Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised as causative agents of opportunistic infections in humans for which effective treatment is challenging. There is very little information on the prevalence of NTM drug resistance in Poland. This study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics of NTM, originally isolated from diseased ornamental fish.

Material and Methods

A total of 99 isolates were studied, 50 of them rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) (among which three-quarters were Mycobacterium chelonae, M. peregrinum, and M. fortuitum and the rest M. neoaurum, M. septicum, M. abscessus, M. mucogenicum, M. salmoniphilum, M saopaulense, and M. senegalense). The other 49 were slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) isolates (among which only one was M. szulgai and the bulk M. marinum and M. gordonae). Minimum inhibitory concentrations for amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KAN), tobramycin (TOB), doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clarithromycin (CLR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) were determined.

Results

The majority of the isolates were susceptible to KAN (95.95%: RGM 46.46% and SGM 49.49%), AMK (94.94%: RGM 45.45% and SGM 49.49%), CLR (83.83%: RGM 36.36% and SGM 47.47%), SMX (79.79%: RGM 30.30% and SMG 49.49%), CIP (65.65%: RGM 24.24% and SGM 41.41%), and DOX (55.55%: RGM 9.06% and SGM 46.46%). The majority were resistant to INH (98.98%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 48.48%) and RMP (96.96%: RGM 50.50% and SGM 46.46%).

Conclusion

The drug sensitivity of NTM varies from species to species. KAN, AMK, CLR and SMX were the most active against RGM isolates, and these same four plus DOX and CIP were the best drugs against SGM isolates.
The potential risk of international spread of Mycobacterium bovis associated with movement of alpacas
Authors: Krajewska-Wędzina Monika , Miller Michele A. , Didkowska Anna , Kycko Anna , Radulski Łukasz , Lipiec Marek , Weiner Marcin
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The study highlights the transboundary nature of tuberculosis (TB) in alpacas and the failure of current ante-mortem testing protocols (the tuberculin skin and Enferplex Camelid TB tests) to identify TB-free alpaca herds and individuals for export. Our research and the available literature indicate that the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is extremely susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis infection, and that testing periodicity fails to take into account that animals do not manifest disease symptoms for a long time. The skin test failed to identify Mycobacterium bovis infection in two alpacas prior to their movement from the UK to Poland. The animals were purchased by a breeding centre in Poland, and were then shown at an international animal exhibition. The last owner of the alpacas before their deaths from TB bought the infected animals unwittingly in order to run rehabilitation activities with disabled children on his farm.

Material and Methods

Thoracic lymph node, lung and liver tissue samples obtained at necropsy were examined histopathologically after Ziehl–Neelsen staining. Tissue samples were homogenised and mycobacteria present there were cultured on Stonebrink’s medium during a 6-week incubation. A commercial test using polymorphism of the chromosomal direct repeat region provided species identification and additional identification was by spacer oligonucleotide typing and mycobacteria interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat analysis with a gel electrophoresis protocol.

Results

The microbiological examination confirmed multiorgan TB caused by the SB0666 spoligotype of Mycobacterium bovis.

Conclusion

Due to the suboptimal performance of current diagnostic tests for TB in alpacas, there is a risk that infected animals may be moved unwittingly. A risk of TB spread associated with the international movement of alpacas is implied by this study.
In vitro and in vivo activity of Lactobacillus sakei L14 strain against Campylobacter jejuni DC3 strain
Authors: Catacutan John Roybert P. , Subejano Ma. Socorro Edden P. , Penuliar Gil M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Domestic poultry is a natural reservoir of Campylobacter, the host–pathogen interaction being predominantly asymptomatic. This study investigated whether chickens remain asymptomatic partly because of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Material and Methods

Campylobacter spp. and LAB were isolated from the gut of poultry chickens using enrichment and screening assays and were identified via rDNA sequencing. The C. jejuni DC3 isolate was grown in different cell-free supernatants (CFS) generated from a priority LAB isolate. An in vivo challenge involving the C. jejuni and LAB isolates using a chicken model was performed to confirm the in vitro findings.

Results

Twelve presumptive LAB isolates had anti-C. jejuni activity based on cross-streak and agar plug assays, with Lactobacillus sakei L14 isolate exhibiting the highest activity. Inhibition by L. sakei L14 CFS of the growth of C. jejuni occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Campylobacter jejuni DC3 inhibition was most evident in CFS harvested at 72 h and produced by co-culture with the pathogen. Neutralisation of the CFS abrogated the observed inhibition. Co-infection with C. jejuni DC3 and L. sakei L14 in vivo, however, failed to inhibit C. jejuni colonisation in chickens.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the anti-C. jejuni effect of L. sakei L14 in chickens may be due to mechanisms other than direct inhibition of growth.
ASF -survivors’ sera do not inhibit African swine fever virus replication in vitro
Authors: Walczak Marek , Juszkiewicz Małgorzata , Szymankiewicz Krzesimir , Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna , Woźniakowski Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

Introduction

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases of pigs and wild boar – African swine fever (ASF). Since its second introduction into Europe (in 2007), the disease has been spreading consistently, and now ASF-free European countries are at risk. Complex interactions between the host’s immune system and the virus have long prevented the development of a safe vaccine against ASF. This study analysed the possibility of neutralisation of the ASFV in vitro by sera collected from ASF-survivor animals.

Material and Methods

Two pig and three wild boar serum samples were collected from previously selected potential ASF survivors. All sera presented high antibody titres (>5 log10/mL). Primary alveolar macrophages were cultured in growth medium containing 10% and 20% concentrations of selected sera and infected with a haemadsorbing ASFV strain (Pol18_28298_O111, genotype II). The progress of infection was investigated under a light microscope by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and the haemadsorption phenomenon. Growth kinetics were investigated using a real-time PCR assay.

Results

Haemadsorption inhibition was detected in the presence of almost all selected sera; however, the inhibition of virus replication in vitro was excluded. In all samples, a CPE and decreasing quantification cycle values of the viral DNA were found.

Conclusion

Anti-ASFV antibodies alone are not able to inhibit virus replication. Interactions between the humoral and cellular immune response which effectively combat the disease are implicated in an ASF-survivor’s organism.
Trend Investigation of Thermal Comfort in Different Climates of Iran in Past Decades
Authors: Asghari Mehdi , Fallah Ghalhari Gholamabbas , Teimori-Boghsani Gholamheidar , Farhang Dehghan Somayeh , Heidari Hamidreza
Published: March 2022

Regarding climatic diversity in Iran and the dependence of many outdoor activities (occupational, recreational, tourism attraction, etc.) on climatic conditions, this study conducted aiming to evaluate thermal comfort fluctuations in Iran. Thermal comfort fluctuations in different climates of Iran were investigated between 1985 and 2014 using recorded meteorological data in 40 synoptic stations. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s Slope were used to analyse the changing trends of the Humidex and to determine the actual slope of a trend over time, respectively. In overall, the southern areas of Iran have the longest period with unfavourable and extremely unfavourable climatic conditions in this study. Conversely, in the northern half of Iran, especially in North West areas, the appropriate summer season provides the best climatic conditions for outdoor activities.
Ekologia poznawcza jako tradycja badawcza w kognitywistyce
Authors: Wachowski Witold
Published: March 2022

Cognitive ecology as a research tradition in cognitive science: The article presents cognitive ecology as a research tradition in cognitive science, under which studies on embodied cognition and various forms of situated cognition are conducted. At the same time, the basic heuristic of cognitive ecology and its relationship to methodological individualism are identified. The paper includes the history of the concept of “cognitive ecology”, historical approaches preceding this research tradition, as well as an outline of contemporary research related to it. At the end of the article, the role of the ecological heuristic is summarized.
РОБОТА З МАШИННИМ ПЕРЕКЛАДОМ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЗМІСТУ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ З ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ
Authors: Моренцова Алла , Варянко Тетяна
Published: March 2022

У статті розглядаються шляхи розв’язання проблем багатомовного усного та письмового перекладу. Звертається увага на зміст підготовки майбутніх спеціалістів у галузі іноземних мов. Зазначається, що при підготовці майбутніх спеціалістів до використання засобів інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у професійній діяльності важливо приділяти увагу підготовці до кваліфікованого застосування машинного перекладу. Обґрунтовується, що ефективне використання мовних технологій за умов забезпечення захисту конфіденційної інформації сприяє підвищенню швидкості надання та якості мовних послуг при одночасній економії коштів.
ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТВОРЧОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ТРУДОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Оршанський Леонід , Нищак Іван , Павловський Юрій
Published: March 2022

У статті досліджено комплекс педагогічних умов, необхідних для ефективного формування творчої активності майбутніх учителів трудового навчання у процесі професійної підготовки у педагогічному ЗВО: 1) стимулювання студентів до самостійної творчо-пізнавальної діяльності; 2) використання системи творчих завдань; 3) впровадження форм і методів навчання, спрямованих на формування творчої активності студентів; 4) системне використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій у професійній підготовці студентів.
АНАЛІЗ ВІДОМОСТЕЙ ПРО СПОЖИВАННЯ ШКОЛЯРАМИ ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ З ВИСОКИМ ВМІСТОМ ВІТАМІНУ С
Authors: Волошанська Світлана , Дрозд Інеса , Коссак Григорій
Published: March 2022

Харчування школярів – це важлива складова збереження здоров’я. Серед компонентів харчового раціону молоді особливе місце посідають вітаміни, складові обмінних процесів. Нестача вітамінів, як біологічно активних речовин, у добовому раціоні школяра може гальмувати психічний та фізичний розвиток дитини. Щоденне споживання вітамінів та мікроелементів, насамперед аскорбінової кислоти, має важливе значення для формування здорової особистості.

З метою з’ясування аналізу споживання харчових продуктів з високим вмістом вітаміну С було проведено анкетування школярів 9–11 класів. Результати анкетування засвідчили, що учні 9–11 класів поінформовані про вітамінний склад продуктів харчування та наявність у них аскорбінової кислоти. Встановлено, що харчовий раціон у 96 % школярів включав достатню кількість продуктів з підвищеним вмістом вітаміну С. Відомості анкетування підтвердили регулярне споживання учнями свіжих овочів та фруктів.

Виявлено, що респонденти володіють знаннями про важливу функцію аскорбінової кислоти для організму. При цьому школярі обізнані про доцільність споживання вітаміну С не лише у складі харчових продуктів, а і його синтетичного аналога.
Dummy test rig design for in-hull propulsors of underwater objects
Authors:   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Koval A. , Mamontov F. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Marinich N. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Rogovoy Yu. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: March 2022

Object and purpose of research. This research was intended to design and manufacture a dummy test rig for self-propulsion testing of various in-hull propulsors. This test rig will be used to test waterjet designs for underwater objects. Materials and methods. Analytical assessments on geometry of propeller and stator blades, numerical simulation of operational condition for two-row blade system operating in the water duct as per in-house KSRC techniques. Main results. Interaction of internal waterjets with the hull of underwater object has never been studied before. To estimate this interaction, it was decided to perform self-propulsion tests with a suitable hull model. This work included design and manufacturing of a dummy test rig representing a hull of underwater object and enabling hydrodynamic measurements for an in-hull waterjet. Another result of this work was design and manufacturing of a four-row in-hull propulsion unit. Conclusion. The dummy test rig manufactured in this work could be further used to optimize in-hull waterjets of various configurations. Apart from the configuration described in this paper, it could also be feasible to design, manufacture and apply a combined rim-driven propulsion motor in the initial part of the water duct.
Introduction of supercomputer-based optimization methods to waterjet design
Authors:   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Lobachev M. , Rudnichenko A. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Saifullin T. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Taranov A. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: March 2022

Object and purpose of research. This study discusses fast boats and waterjet propulsors. The purpose is to design a waterjet impeller shape to required conditions by means of supercomputer-based optimization with further validation of results at sea trials. Materials and methods. The optimization process is governed by a Russian software package pSeven. The computation core is Star CCM+ (Siemens). Parametric 3D model of the impeller is generated in BladePlus software (in-house KSRC development). Hydrodynamic parameters of waterjet are calculated as per CFD methods. Viscous flow parameters are found through the control-volume solution of unsteady Reynolds equations (URANS) closed by the bi-parametric semi-empirical turbulence model. Main results. The optimization studies yielded new shapes for impellers, stators and flow parts of waterjets. These solu-tions are more efficient than the prototype thanks to greater thrust of the propulsion system and lower resistance of the flow part without prejudice to good cavitation performance. Calculated hydrodynamic parameters of waterjets and the estimates for achievable speed of fast boats have been confirmed by the sea trials. Conclusion. Supercomputer optimization ensured successful beginning of the development of Russian waterjet family for fast boats not inferior to universally recognized market leaders in terms of performance parameters.
Studying the Effect of Roughness of wet Road on Critical speed of Vehicle
Authors: Mohammed Ali Ali Khaled , Muhsin Ibrahim Ali , Al-Joboury Omar Khalil
Published: March 2022

Hydroplaning is one the most dangerous phenomena which effect on the safety of driving cars on wet roads, then, the critical speed of slipping cars is an important parameter in the hydroplaning ,and depends on the properties of the following three parameters: tires, water layer and road surface. The road texture is the main property of road specifications which affect directly on the critical speed of the vehicle.In the present work, the properties of road roughness and influence of surface texture on critical speed of vehicle are studied with variation of the following parameters: thickness and dynamic viscosity of water on the road surface and the vehicle load. The results showed that increasing the road surface roughness and the vehicle load both has a appositive influence on the critical speed (increase)of the vehicle, while increasing the dynamic viscosity and thickness of the water layer on the road surface has a negative influence on the critical speed (decrease) of the vehicle.
Study of the Suspended Sediment Load Effect on Efficiency of Central Tikrit Water Supply Station
Authors: Mohammed Akram Khalaf , Abdulfatah Zainab Nasar , Ali Doa'a Yaseen , Ibrahiem Sara'a Mowafaq , Zaki Ali Nadheer
Published: March 2022

In this research the suspended sediment load effect on efficiency of central Tikrit water supply station was studied. Samples were taken from four locations include raw water, water outside from deposition and filtration basins and treated water. The study continued five months starting in December 2015 until April 2016. This study includes eleven variables (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, residual chlorine, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and suspended sediment Concentration). Results were compared with the Iraqi standard 417 for drinking water. This study showed that the raw water and drinking water samples rising in turbidity where exceeded 516 NTU, the results appear maximum value for TDS was 780mg/L for raw water and the minimum value was 196mg/L for drinking water, whereas the maximum value for TSS was 420mg/L for raw water and zero for drinking water. The results showed that the removal efficiency of deposition basins are ranged between (22-97)%, and found that the removal efficiency of the filtration basins ranged between (5-41)%, while the total removal efficiency fall between (70-99)%.