bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ulnar Impaction Syndrome and TFCC Injury: Their Relationship and Management
Authors: Im Jin-Hyung , Lee Jin-Woo , Lee Joo-Yup
Published: November 2023

Ulnar-sided wrist pain can be caused by a number of problems, including ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury. Multiple studies have described the diagnostic criteria for UIS and TFCC injuries, and excellent surgical outcomes have been reported for each condition. Few studies have examined the extent to which the two independent conditions cooccur, and little is known about their relationship. Based on theories in the literature and clinical experience, we propose the possibility of TFCC injury as the cause and result of UIS in this review.
Not all threats are equal: symbolic and realistic threats and the deployment of parent-country nationals
Authors: Yao Fiona Kun , Yang Jing Yu , Chang Song , Lu Jane Wenzhen
Published: November 2023

Through extending the psychological approach to threats, we advance a threat–contingency model to understand how two domains of host-country threats–symbolic and realistic–drive multinational enterprises (MNEs) to deploy parent-country nationals to manage their foreign subsidiaries. When faced with symbolic threats related to ethics and morals in a host country, MNEs act rigidly and conservatively, increasing the likelihood of deploying parent-country nationals as executives in foreign subsidiaries. When dealing with realistic threats associated with potential economic losses in a host country, however, MNEs are adaptive, decreasing the tendency to transfer parent-country nationals abroad and increasing the use of host-country nationals in foreign subsidiaries. The two threats interact in affecting staffing decisions. Moreover, industry globalization moderates asymmetrically the influences of the two threats: globalization strengthens the effect of symbolic threats but weakens the effect of realistic threats. We used a primary archival study and supplementary laboratory studies to test our hypotheses. Overall, our study provides an additional theoretical account to explain MNEs’ divergent responses toward two domains of threats in a host country. We conclude the study with implications for international business and global mobility research.
Stable chimera states: A geometric singular perturbation approach
Authors: Venegas-Pineda Luis Guillermo , Jardón-Kojakhmetov Hildeberto , Cao Ming
Published: November 2023

Over the past decades, chimera states have attracted considerable attention given their unexpected symmetry-breaking spatiotemporal nature and simultaneously exhibiting synchronous and incoherent behaviors under specific conditions. Despite relevant precursory results of such unforeseen states for diverse physical and topological configurations, there remain structures and mechanisms yet to be unveiled. In this work, using mean-field techniques, we analyze a multilayer network composed of two populations of heterogeneous Kuramoto phase oscillators with coevolutive coupling strengths. Moreover, we employ the geometric singular perturbation theory through the inclusion of a time-scale separation between the dynamics of the network elements and the adaptive coupling strength connecting them, gaining a better insight into the behavior of the system from a fast–slow dynamics perspective. Consequently, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition to produce stable chimera states when considering a coevolutionary intercoupling strength. Additionally, under the aforementioned constraint and with a suitable adaptive law election, it is possible to generate intriguing patterns, such as persistent breathing chimera states. Thereafter, we analyze the geometric properties of the mean-field system with a coevolutionary intracoupling strength and demonstrate the production of stable chimera states. Next, we give arguments for the presence of such patterns in the associated network under specific conditions. Finally, relaxation oscillations and canard cycles, seemingly related to breathing chimeras, are numerically produced under identified conditions due to the geometry of our system.
Li–Pd–Rh-D2O electrochemistry experiments at elevated voltage
Authors: Gotzmer Carl , DeChiaro Louis F. , Conley Kenneth , Litz Marc , Millett Marshall , Ewing Jesse , Forsley Lawrence P. , Long Karen J. , Wichart William A. , Mosier-Boss Pamela A. , Sullivan John , Perry Efrem , Barham Oliver M.
Published: November 2023

In 2013, the U.S. Navy disclosed an electrochemistry procedure intended to produce MeV-energy nuclear particles, based on eV-energy electrical inputs, which may be indicative of a new scientific phenomenon. This work is based on the 2013 disclosure and shows initial evidence validating the prior claims of nuclear particle generation. Additionally, several variations on the 2013 electrochemical recipe are made in order to find a highly repeatable recipe for future replications by other teams. The experiments described here produced dense collections of tracks in solid-state nuclear track detectors, radio frequency (RF) emissions, and anomalous heat flux, which are indicative of potential nuclear, or unusual chemical, reactions. Experimental results include tracks in solid-state nuclear track detectors similar in size to tracks produced by 4.7 MeV alpha particles on identical detectors exposed to radioactive Th-230; RF pulses up to 6 dB above the noise floor, which indicate that these signals were likely not background noise and not caused by known chemical reactions; and heat flux of 10 s of kJ, measured to 6σ significance, over and above input electrical energy, indicative of unknown exothermic reactions. Six out of six nuclear track detectors, utilized in experiments and interrogated for tracks post-experiment, produced positive results that our team attributes to thousands of individual particle impacts in dense clusters, likely with energies between 0.1 and 20 MeV. Similar nuclear particle, thermal, and RF results have separately appeared in prior reports, but in this work, all three categories of anomalous behavior are reported. Results indicate that the 2013 procedure may be a useful guide toward a set of highly repeatable reference experiments, showing initial but not overwhelming evidence of a new scientific phenomenon. Repeatable recipes are shared so that other groups may replicate and extend the present work.
Investigation of the influence of opening speed on vacuum arc under transverse magnetic field
Authors: Wang Hongda , Wang Lijun , Ma Qiang , Wang Cong , Que Jilei
Published: November 2023

The objective of this paper is to investigate the vacuum arc characteristics on transverse magnetic field (TMF) contacts at different opening speeds. Experiments are carried out at different opening speeds. The experimental current ranges from 7 to 16 kA (peak current) at approximately 50 Hz. The contact material is CuCr30. The results show that increasing the opening speed increases the expansion speed of the arc after ignition. A higher opening speed increases the gap distance at which an anode spot occurs and reduces the duration of the instability stage, and it also reduces the duration of the motion stage. The arc motion can be optimized by adjusting the opening speed. The moment of contacts separation has no obvious influence on the gap distance at the transition of the arc mode. When the arc ignites between the arms, it expands slowly. This phenomenon is analyzed by a finite element method. The simulation results show that the ignition position influences the current direction, which influences electromagnetic force of the arc. The radial electromagnetic force is smaller when the arc ignites between the arms, causing a stagnation of the arc.
Single-pass method for reconstruction of extreme UV spectra
Authors: Skobliakov A. V. , Kolesnikov D. S. , Kantsyrev A. V. , Golubev A. A. , Ilyicheva M. V. , Gritsuk A. N. , Grabovskii E. V.
Published: November 2023

This work is devoted to the development of a method for the reconstruction of plasma extreme UV (EUV) spectra recorded by a three frame grazing incidence spectrograph (GIS-3D). The spectrograph provides registration of radiation reflected from the diffraction grating (DG) on a three-frame detector based on a microchannel plate with a scintillator screen and registration on a CCD camera, with an exposure time of one frame of ∼1.5 ns. DG has a gold-coated spherical concave form with a radius of curvature of 2 m and dimensions of 30 × 40 × 10 mm3. In this case, radiation is incident on the DG at a grazing angle of 2°; the DG period is 1.66 µm. The new single-pass method for the reconstruction of plasma EUV spectra was developed, which solves the inverse problem of decomposing experimental signals into separate contributions from each of the diffraction orders, followed by the reconstruction of the true plasma spectrum. Using the developed method, the possibility of finding a close approximation to the shape of a DG groove profile based on a priori information about the recorded spectra was demonstrated. In order to test and demonstrate the efficiency of this method, several experimental EUV spectra obtained at the Z-pinch facility Angara-5-1 with a current of ∼3–4 MA through loads made of either tungsten wires or polypropylene fibers were reconstructed. In addition, to test the single-pass method, the transmittance of EUV in cold aluminum was measured in the wavelength range of 3–35 nm, and it has a good match with the Henke database.
Dynamically tunable broadband output coupling of optical oscillators based on non-cyclic geometric phase mirror
Authors: Kaushik Chahat , Aadhi A. , Ghosh Anirban , Singh R. P. , Gupta S. Dutta , Ebrahim-Zadeh M. , Samanta G. K.
Published: November 2023

We present a uniquely versatile and efficient mirror system capable of real-time fine-tuning in reflection and transmission properties across a broad wavelength range and at a high optical power. Leveraging the principles of the non-cyclic geometric phase (GP) acquired by the clockwise and counterclockwise beams of the Sagnac interferometer satisfying the anti-resonant condition on propagation through the quarter-wave plate, half-wave plate, and quarter-wave plate combination having fast axes oriented at 45° (fixed), θ (variable), and −45° (fixed) with respect to the vertical, respectively, our mirror system offers dynamic transmission control across 0–100% without the need for realignment. Notably, the GP-based mirror (GP-mirror) preserves the polarization state of the reflected beam, making it ideal for polarization-sensitive applications. The wavelength insensitivity of the GP enables seamless operation of the mirror across a wide wavelength range. As a proof-of-principle, we use the GP-mirror as the output coupler of a continuous-wave, green-pumped, doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO) based on a 30-mm-long MgO:sPPLT crystal and obtain stable operation at high powers over a wide wavelength tuning range. For a pump power of 5 W, the DRO provides an output power of 2.45 W at an extraction efficiency as high as 49% when operated at optimum output coupling. The DRO shows a maximum pump depletion of 89% and delivers an optimum output power across a tuning range ≥90 nm. The demonstrated concept offers a promising approach for advancing the capabilities and control of coherent optical sources tunable across different spectral regions and in all time scales from continuous-wave to ultrafast femtosecond domain.
An experimental study on the imbibition characteristics in heterogeneous porous medium
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Zhou Fujian , Ma Mengqi , Sun Zhenglong , Zhang Jingtao , Liang Tianbo , Li Junjian
Published: November 2023

Capillary imbibition plays an essential role in the flow behavior of unconventional reservoirs. The severe heterogeneity of pore structures in unconventional formations can lead to different imbibition processes and flow dynamics compared to conventional reservoirs. This study investigates the imbibition process in heterogeneous pore networks by first examining the imbibition process between different pores using an ideal capillary model with interacting microchannel micromodels. The results reveal that water preferentially imbibes into small microchannels rather than large ones, and the imbibition velocity decreases with the microchannel width due to crossflow between different microchannels. Furthermore, heterogeneous matrix–fracture micromodels are used to examine the influence of boundary conditions, pressure conditions, and pore structure distribution on the imbibition process. The results show that the imbibition pattern is primarily governed by the boundary condition and is unaffected by the driving pressure condition. The conventional dimensionless time model fails to capture the spontaneous imbibition characteristics due to the interaction of different pores and the change in the imbibition pattern. Both increasing the injection pressure and increasing boundary openness can lead to higher oil recovery enhancement, and the distribution of the pore structure also influences the final oil recovery. Finally, the imbibition characteristics in the core scale are monitored using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, demonstrating the similar phenomenon that water can imbibe into small pores and displace oil into larger pores. These findings enhance our understanding of the imbibition mechanism in heterogeneous porous media.
Self-excited intermittent thermoacoustic fluctuations in an annular combustor exhibiting flame transient phenomena: Physical mechanisms and modeling
Authors: Mohan Balasundaram , Mariappan Sathesh
Published: November 2023

We experimentally examine the physical mechanisms causing intermittent thermoacoustic fluctuations in a turbulent annular combustor exhibiting flame transient phenomena (FTP). The combustor consists of 12 burners. Flames are stabilized by conical bluff bodies, resembling the afterburner and ramjet burner configurations. The combustor exhibits a dominant 1A–1L (first azimuthal–first longitudinal, ∼630 Hz) thermoacoustic mode. Instability manifests as intermittent fluctuations in acoustic pressure. From the heat release and acoustic pressure measurements, FTPs are found to create large amplitude heat release fluctuations occurring on a slow timescale compared with 1A–1L thermoacoustic mode. The heat release, in turn, leads to the observed intermittent acoustic pressure fluctuations. Four FTPs are found to occur in the combustor: (1) near blow-off, (2) flame extinction, (3) successful reignition, and (4) unsuccessful reignition. Their occurrences and the associated time spans are found to be random. The time span follows an unimodal probability distribution, peaking around 100 ms. A low-order model is developed by incorporating the distribution for the FTP time span in the heat release. An additive Gaussian white noise is added to represent background turbulent fluctuations. The model qualitatively reproduces the experimentally observed probability density function of the acoustic pressure fluctuations. This indicates that the stochastic FTP time span and turbulence are essential for reproducing intermittent thermoacoustic fluctuations.
Cavity evolution of ventilated vehicle launch under a rolling condition
Authors: Lin Wei , Sun Tiezhi , Xu Hao , Duan Jinxiong
Published: November 2023

The unsteady development of the tail cavity of a vehicle after it leaves a tube often causes adverse effects, most notably an impact load on the vehicle when the cavity ruptures. The rolling of the launch platform can alter the development of the tail cavity, significantly altering the influence of the impact load on the motion and attitude of the vehicle. The present study employs the shear stress transport k-w model, the volume of fluid multiphase flow model, the Schnerr–Sauer cavity model, and the overlapping mesh technique to conduct numerical simulations of the underwater launching process of a ventilated vehicle under both stationary and rolling boundaries. A comparative analysis is conducted to examine the evolution of the cavity shape, pressure distribution, and collapse-induced load in the tail cavity under various conditions after vehicle launch. The findings suggest that the rolling of the tube induces an asymmetrical development of the shoulder cavity lengths and widths on both the windward and leeward sides, with the result of a lower peak pressure at the cavity closure position compared with that under stationary conditions. The rolling of the tube reduces the internal velocity within the tail cavity, elevates the rupture position of the tail cavity, delays the tail cavity rupture, impacts the timing of the force peak occurrence in the vertical direction of the vehicle, reduces the high pressure at the point of tail cavity rupture, and modifies the post-rupture structural characteristics of the tail cavity.
Note on the start-up of Couette flow for viscoelastic fluids
Authors: Balan Corneliu
Published: November 2023

This paper is concerned with the numerical modeling of viscoelastic fluids in non-steady shear motions. Time-dependent solutions for three-constant differential models are obtained at the start-up of the planar Couette flows. The influences of (i) the Reynolds number, (ii) the value of κ− material parameter (the ratio between the retardation time and relaxation time), and (iii) the initial condition for the normal stress on the velocity and stresses distributions in the gap are investigated using the numerical solutions obtained with Mathematica software. The focus of the study is the analysis of the Jaumann model (characterized by the corotational derivative) in transitory simple shear rheological tests, as a function of initial conditions for stresses. The steady solutions, corroborated with the non-monotonicity of the steady flow curve, confirm the kink presence in the steady velocity distributions and the formation of shear bandings at Re ≥ 1. The analyses of the strain- and stress-controlled simulations performed at different initial and boundary conditions offer possible explanations of some spurious data recorded in shear measurements of complex viscoelastic fluids. The findings have important consequences for performing transient shear experiments; specifically, it is demonstrated that reproducibility and correlations between the tests require the control of initial normal stresses in the sample.
Tuning the topological phase and anomalous Hall conductivity with magnetization direction in H-FeCl2 monolayer
Authors: Yang Xin , Shen Yanqing , Lv Lingling , Zhou Min , Zhang Yu , Meng Xianghui , Jiang Xiangqian , Ai Qing , Shuai Yong , Zhou Zhongxiang
Published: November 2023

Most theoretical predictions and experimental reports of the two-dimensional (2D) quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) are based on out-of-plane. In this work, we investigated the effect of deflected magnetization direction on both the topological properties and QAHE of the H-FeCl2 monolayer. We predicted that the H-FeCl2 monolayer possesses the intrinsic out-of-plane ferromagnetism and quantum anomalous valley Hall effect. By deflecting the magnetization direction to induce band inversion, the H-FeCl2 monolayer undergoes a phase transition between the topological insulator (C = ±1) and the normal insulator (C = 0) and the phase transition point characterized by a 2D half-valley-metal state. Particularly, via applying the in-plane biaxial strain, we found that topologically non-trivial states can be realized even as the magnetization direction approaches the in-plane, and the topologically protected anomalous Hall conductivity is robust against the deflection of the magnetization direction. These results enrich the physics of the QAHE and contribute to the design of topological devices with tunable edge-state electrons.
Vertical cementing displacement flows of shear-thinning fluids
Authors: Zhang Ruizi , Ghorbani Maryam , Wong Sungshuen , Frigaard Ian A.
Published: November 2023

We present a comprehensive study on the displacement flows of shear-thinning (power-law) fluids in a vertical eccentric annulus, employing both experimental and computational methods. This is a sequel to our previous studies [R. Zhang and I. Frigaard, J. Fluid Mech. 947, A32 (2022); R. Zhang and I. Frigaard, J. Fluid Mech. 972, A38 (2023)], which primarily discussed about the dispersive effects for the displacement flow of two Newtonian fluids. The same set of criteria has been applied to determine a steady/unsteady and dispersive/non-dispersive front. The overall classification map broadly aligns with findings from the Newtonian study, while also offering additional information due to the extreme viscosity ratio present. Our observations reveal that the flow behavior is significantly influenced by both the buoyancy force (b) and the viscosity ratio (M). Specifically, higher values of either b or M tend to induce a more steady and non-dispersive regime. Moreover, we have examined intriguing viscosity effects including viscosity dominant flows and viscous driven instabilities. Shear-thinning effects have also been observed and investigated in this study.
Research on evaluation of coal mine safety risk based on AHP-MCS coupling TOPSIS
Authors: Su Guorui , Jia Baoshan , Shen Zhuo , Wang Peng , Hu Eryi , Wang Hanyuan
Published: November 2023

In order to realize the scientific evaluation of coal mine safety risks, the coal mine safety accident report is used as the data sample, and grounded theory is used to explore the causes of coal mine safety risks. At the same time, combined with the existing research results, a coal mine safety risk evaluation index system is constructed. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is used to optimize the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the index weights. Then, a coal mine safety risk assessment model based on the AHP-MCS coupling technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is established by combining TOPSIS. Taking Lingquan Coal Mine as an example, the applicability of the model is verified. The research results show that the coal mine safety risk level is orange risk, which is consistent with the actual situation. It also shows the applicability of the model in the field of coal mine safety evaluation and expands new theories for coal mine safety risk evaluation research.
Dual thermal ecotypes coexist within a nearly genetically identical population of the unicellular marine cyanobacteriumSynechococcus
Authors: Kling Joshua D. , Lee Michael D. , Walworth Nathan G. , Webb Eric A. , Coelho Jordan T. , Wilburn Paul , Anderson Stephanie I. , Zhou Qianqian , Wang Chunguang , Phan Megan D. , Fu Feixue , Kremer Colin T. , Litchman Elena , Rynearson Tatiana A. , Hutchins David A.
Published: November 2023

The extent and ecological significance of intraspecific functional diversity within marine microbial populations is still poorly understood, and it remains unclear if such strain-level microdiversity will affect fitness and persistence in a rapidly changing ocean environment. In this study, we cultured 11 sympatric strains of the ubiquitous marine picocyanobacteriumSynechococcusisolated from a Narragansett Bay (RI) phytoplankton community thermal selection experiment. Thermal performance curves revealed selection at cool and warm temperatures had subdivided the initial population into thermotypes with pronounced differences in maximum growth temperatures. Curiously, the genomes of all 11 isolates were almost identical (average nucleotide identities of >99.99%, with >99% of the genome aligning) and no differences in gene content or single nucleotide variants were associated with either cool or warm temperature phenotypes. Despite a very high level of genomic similarity, sequenced epigenomes for two strains showed differences in methylation on genes associated with photosynthesis. These corresponded to measured differences in photophysiology, suggesting a potential pathway for future mechanistic research into thermal microdiversity. Our study demonstrates that present-day marine microbial populations can harbor cryptic but environmentally relevant thermotypes which may increase their resilience to future rising temperatures.
Case and agreement puzzle in the Moksha debitive
Authors: Shikunova Alexandra
Published: November 2023

This paper is dedicated to the debitive construction in Moksha Mordvin, which exhibits patterns unusual for a dative-infinitive construction (DIC). The non-finite verb can agree with its internal argument but not with the external one. The internal argument can bear both the definite nominative case, which is otherwise restricted to subjects of finite clauses, and the definite genitive case, which can mark both direct objects and definite possessors. Personal agreement is mandatory in the former case but prohibited in the latter. I propose that the Moksha debitive construction includes a null modal verb that assigns dative to the external argument of the infinitive. The case marking on the internal argument is determined by its structural position, in accordance with Dependent Case Theory. The case of Moksha demonstrates that the dative case in DICs can be inherent (contra what has been argued on the basis of Russian DICs) and that an argument for biclausality can be constructed based on case and agreement patterns.
Precisely controlled batch-fabrication of highly sensitive co-resonant cantilever sensors from silicon-nitride
Authors: Lampouras Ioannis , Holz Mathias , Strehle Steffen , Körner Julia
Published: November 2023

Dynamic-mode cantilever sensors are based on the principle of a one-side clamped beam being excited to oscillate at or close to its resonance frequency. An external interaction on the cantilever alters its oscillatory state, and this change can be detected and used for quantification of the external influence (e.g. a force or mass load). A very promising approach to significantly improve sensitivity without modifying the established laser-based oscillation transduction is the co-resonant coupling of a micro- and a nanocantilever. Thereby, each resonator is optimized for a specific purpose, i.e. the microcantilever for reliable oscillation detection and the nanocantilever for highest sensitivity through low rigidity and mass. To achieve the co-resonant state, the eigenfrequencies of micro- and nanocantilever need to be adjusted so that they differ by less than approximately 20%. This can either be realized by mass deposition or trimming of the nanocantilever, or by choice of dimensions. While the former is a manual and error-prone process, the latter would enable reproducible batch fabrication of coupled systems with predefined eigenfrequency matching states and therefore sensor properties. However, the approach is very challenging as it requires a precisely controlled fabrication process. Here, for the first time, such a process for batch fabrication of inherently geometrically eigenfrequency matched co-resonant cantilever structures is presented and characterized. It is based on conventional microfabrication techniques and the structures are made from 1 µm thick low-stress silicon nitride. They comprise the microcantilever and high aspect ratio nanocantilever (width 2 µm, thickness about 100 nm, lengths up to 80 µm) which are successfully realized with only minimal bending. An average yield of

>

80

% of intact complete sensor structures per wafer is achieved. Desired geometric dimensions can be realized within ±1% variation for length and width of the microcantilever and nanocantilever length, ±10% and ±20% for the nanocantilever width and thickness, respectively, resulting in an average variation of its eigenfrequency by 11%. Furthermore, the dynamic oscillation properties are verified by vibration experiments in a scanning electron microscope. The developed process allows for the first time the batch fabrication of co-resonantly coupled systems with predefined properties and controlled matching states. This is an important step and crucial foundation for a broader applicability of the co-resonant approach for sensitivity enhancement of dynamic-mode cantilever sensors.
Transillumination lab-on-a-chip cytometer with silicon/glass membrane for image-based porcine oocyte deformation characterisation
Authors: Pokrzywnicka Aleksandra , Lizanets Danylo , Walczak Rafał
Published: November 2023

Transillumination microscopes, often with a simple lens-free optical configuration, combined with lab-on-a-chip devices are useful tools for the characterisation of various biological samples. A key issue with these devices is light transparency across a lab-on-a-chip structure. In this work we achieved this by embedding a glass window in a silicon membrane. Despite light transmission, the membrane could be pressure actuated. A second key issue is software analysis of the images due to the holographic nature of the captured images. In this paper, the technology of the silicon/glass membrane and results of porcine oocyte imaging during deformation are presented and compared with our previous micro-electro-mechanical system cytometer working with a reflective microscope. Thus, a unique device that deforms cells and allows deformation measurements with transillumination was developed.
Analysis of guided optical eigenmodes in magneto-optical fibers with applications to OAM mode selective couplers
Authors: Chen Geng , Wu Baojian , Jiang Xinrui , Wen Feng , Qiu Kun
Published: November 2023

Mode division multiplexing technology can regard each eigenmode in optical fibers as an independent channel to carry different data information, helpful for improving the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication systems. The spatial distribution, state of polarization and propagation constant of guided optical eigenmodes in the magneto-optical fiber are derived theoretically by the analysis of linear polarization and exact modes. The transverse distribution of the eigenmodes in the MO fiber can be constructed by those of exact modes in the conventional fiber. The effect of applied magnetic field on the eigenmodes and their effective refractive indices is studied. Simulation results show that, the eigenmodes in the MO fiber may be represented by the pseudo-modes of circular polarization (

CP

ℓ
n

R

/

L

) or the true modes of orbital angular momentum (

OAM

±
ℓ
,
n

R

/

L

) when applied magnetic field is sufficiently large. The measurement method for weak magnetic field based on Stokes parameters is proposed. The magnetic tunability of OAM mode selective couplers is also analyzed.
Hydrophobicity grade discrimination of high voltage composite insulators based on water trace image processing
Authors: Zhang Kaituo , Xu Zhenduo , Zhang Dan
Published: November 2023

At present, when the hydrophobicity (HC) of high-voltage composite insulators is graded, there is a certain probability that the noise point information will be lost in the denoising process of the water trace image, which makes the image features nonlinear and diversified, affecting the autonomous learning of the algorithm and resulting in low accuracy of the HC discrimination results. Therefore, a method based on water trace image processing for HC grade discrimination of high-voltage composite insulators was designed. The water trace of the high-voltage composite insulator was converted into a gray image, which was enhanced after smoothing and binarization. The dynamic threshold was used to segment the target and background, extract the image edge feature information, and construct a Bayes network to determine the HC level of the high-voltage composite insulator. The results of the performance test show that the average accuracy of the designed discrimination method is 97.89% for different grades, which verifies the reliability of the method in practical applications. The conclusion of this study is helpful to replace insulators in time, improve the safety performance of overhead transmission lines, and prevent accidents.
Experimental investigation on micro ED milling of inconel alloy with SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD at different parametric condition
Authors: P Saravana Kumar , K V Arun Pillai
Published: November 2023

μED-milling is an excellent micro machining process for machining of complex micro structures on conducting materials. In this paper, the feasibility of SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD as a dielectric medium while μED-milling of Inconel 718 alloy at different parametric settings namely capacitance (10 nf, 100 nf, 400 nf), powder concentration (0 g l−1, 0.1 g l−1, 0.3 g l−1) and voltage (120 v, 130 v, 140 v) is analysed. Further, the craters dimensions are correlated with the 3D roughness parameters (Spk, Sk and Svk) in this investigation. Lower settings of capacitance (10 nF) offered a maximum MRR (601767.1 μm3 s−1) compared to intermediate (398080.62 μm3 s−1) and higher (273498.29 μm3 s−1) settings of capacitance. MRR is increased around 1.3 times with Pongamia BD compared to SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD at considered parametric settings. Crater diameter is decreased by 24.1% with SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD due to lesser amount heat transfer to workpiece. Droplet angle of machined surface with SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD is 20% higher than Pongamia BD at considered parametric settings. Capacitance and voltage have the significant influence on crater diameter and roughness. Maximum MRR (1034239.41 μm3 s−1) is achieved with machining condition (10 nF, 120 V, 0 g l−1) for considered biodiesels. RLT appears to be higher around 27% with the processed surface of SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD as compared to Pongamia BD due to reaction of powder particles with work material. 3D roughness parameters (Spk, Sk and Svk) were greatly reduced due to inclusion of powder in biodiesels. Sk (core zone) are decreased (42.8%) with 0.3 g/l SiC nano powder mixed Pongamia BD compared to Pongamia BD.
Properties study on Ti/Al butt joining by GMAW/GTAW hybrid welding-brazing
Authors: Li Zhanhua , Zhang Yufeng , Yang Yong , Feng Jie , Zhang Lianpeng
Published: November 2023

For adjusting the distribution of welding heat to obtain sound Ti/Al butt joints, Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)/Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) hybrid welding-brazing was introduced to join 5A06 to TC4. Then two kinds of tensile strength was tested. And the weld microstructure was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). Effects of welding parameters on weld reinforcement and interface characteristics were investigated. Results revealed TiAl3 IMCs layer was formed in the weld area of the titanium alloy side. The other area of weld was composed of α-Al matrix and Mg2Si+Al+Si eutectic. The back welding reinforcement was improved with the welding heat of the joint back increasing. But this may lead to a large number of molten metal flowing to the back of weld, the face reinforcement of the weld became poor. However, effects of welding parameters on the interface bonding strength was different. It was depended on the thickness and morphology of IMCs. When serrated IMCs of 2–6μm thickness were formed, the highest tensile strength without reinforcement was 240.3 MPa. Through comprehensive analyzing, when the welding parameters were welding speed of 15 mm s−1, GTAW current of 80–90 A and GMAW/GTAW position of −1 mm, the weld reinforcement and interface bonding strength were also high. So the excellent butt joints of TC4/5A06 were achieved. The maximum average value of TC4/5A06 joints tensile strength with reinforcement was 265 MPa with fracture inside the weld far from IMCs layer.
Effect of desorbed gas on microwave breakdown on vacuum side of dielectric window
Authors: ZHAO 赵 Pengcheng 朋程 , LIU 刘 Zhongyu 忠玉 , WANG 王 Rui 瑞 , SHU 舒 Panpan 盼盼 , GUO 郭 Lixin 立新 , CAO 曹 Xiangxin 祥鑫
Published: November 2023

The gas desorbed from the dielectric surface has a great influence on the characteristics of microwave breakdown on the vacuum side of the dielectric window. In this paper, the dielectric surface breakdown is described by using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) model. The process of desorption of gas and its influence on the breakdown characteristics are studied. The simulation results show that, due to the accumulation of desorbed gas, the pressure near the dielectric surface increases in time, and the breakdown mechanism transitions from secondary electron multipactor to collision ionization. More and more electrons generated by collision ionization drift to the dielectric surface, so that the amplitude of self-organized normal electric field increases in time and sometimes points to the dielectric surface. Nevertheless, the number of secondary electrons emitted in each microwave cycle is approximately equal to the number of primary electrons. In the early and middle stages of breakdown, the attenuation of the microwave electric field near the dielectric surface is very small. However, the collision ionization causes a sharp increase in the number density of electrons, and the microwave electric field decays rapidly in the later stage of breakdown. Compared with the electromagnetic PIC-MCC simulation results, the mean energy and number of electrons obtained by the electrostatic PIC-MCC model are overestimated in the later stage of breakdown because it does not take into account the attenuation of microwave electric field. The pressure of the desorbed gas predicted by the electromagnetic PIC-MCC model is close to the measured value, when the number of gas atoms desorbed by an incident electron is taken as 0.4.
Sequential deposition of FeNC–Cu tandem CO2 reduction electrocatalysts towards the low overpotential production of C2+ alcohols
Authors: Hongrutai Nattaphon , Sarma Saurav Ch , Zhou Yuxiang , Kellner Simon , Pedersen Angus , Adourian Kari , Tyrrell Helen , Ryan Mary P , Panpranot Joongjai , Barrio Jesús
Published: November 2023

Tandem CO2 reduction electrocatalysts that combine a material that selectively produces CO with Cu are capable of producing hydrocarbons at low overpotentials and high selectivity. However, controlling the spatial distribution and the catalytic activity of the CO-making catalyst remains a challenge. In this work, a novel tandem electrocatalyst that overcomes limitations of simple Cu catalysts, namely selectivity and efficiency at low overpotential, is presented. The tandem electrocatalysts are prepared through a sequential spray coating protocol, using a single atom Fe in N-doped C (FeNC) as the selective CO-producing catalyst and commercial Cu nanopowder. The high faradaic efficiency towards CO of FeNC (99% observed at −0.60 V vs. RHE) provides a high CO coverage to the Cu particles, leading to reduced hydrogen evolution and the selective formation of ethanol and n-propanol at a much low overpotential than that of bare Cu.
Recent developments in 3D-printed membranes for water desalination
Authors: He Jinlong , Yue Tianle , McCutcheon Jeffrey R , Li Ying
Published: November 2023

The recognition of membrane separations as a vital technology platform for enhancing the efficiency of separation processes has been steadily increasing. Concurrently, 3D printing has emerged as an innovative approach to fabricating reverse osmosis membranes for water desalination and treatment purposes. This method provides a high degree of control over membrane chemistry and structural properties. In particular, when compared to traditional manufacturing techniques, 3D printing holds the potential to expedite customization, a feat that is typically achieved through conventional manufacturing methods but often involves numerous processes and significant costs. This review aims to present the current advancements in membrane manufacturing technology specifically tailored for water desalination purposes, with a particular focus on the development of 3D-printed membranes. A comprehensive analysis of recent progress in 3D-printed membranes is provided. However, conducting experimental work to investigate various influential factors while ensuring consistent results poses a significant challenge. To address this, we explore how membrane manufacturing processes and performance can be effectively pre-designed and guided through the use of molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, this review outlines the challenges faced and presents future perspectives to shed light on research directions for optimizing membrane manufacturing processes and achieving optimal membrane performance.
Topological nonsymmorphic insulator versus Dirac semimetal in KZnBi
Authors: Verma Rahul , Patra Bikash , Singh Bahadur
Published: November 2023

KZnBi was discovered recently as a new three-dimensional Dirac semimetal with a pair of bulk Dirac fermions in contrast to the

Z

2

trivial insulator reported earlier. In order to address this discrepancy, we have performed electronic structure and topological state analysis of KZnBi using the local, semilocal, and hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) functionals within the density functional theory framework. We find that various XC functionals, including the SCAN meta-GGA and hybrid functional with 25% Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange (HSE06), resolve a topological nonsymmorphic insulator state with the glide-mirror protected hourglass surface Dirac fermions. By carefully tuning the XC strength in modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) potential, we recover the correct orbital ordering and Dirac semimetal state of KZnBi. We further show that increasing the default HF exchange in hybrid functional (

>

40%) can also capture the desired Dirac semimetal state with the correct orbital ordering of KZnBi. The calculated energy dispersion and carrier velocities of Dirac states are found to be in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. Our results demonstrate that KZnBi is a unique topological material where large XC effects are crucial to producing the Dirac semimetal state.
Design and development of a continuous water quality monitoring buoy for health monitoring of river Ganga
Authors: Shukla Ashish , Matharu Pawandeep Singh , Bhattacharya Bishakh
Published: November 2023

Real-time monitoring of water quality in the river Ganga and other Indian rivers is crucial to determining its suitability for drinking and other usages across the seasons and round the clock. For this, a structurally strong and hydrostatically stable floating observation center is required to house all the sensors and related equipment. This paper explains the design process for such a buoy platform that can house an array of water quality sensors powered by hybrid energy harvesting systems. Sensors are connected to a wireless sensor network (WSN) system that transfers data to a web-based platform, where we can monitor and analyze our data for the purpose of hazard prediction. Computational analysis has been carried out for the observatory body to ascertain its structural integrity and hydrostatic stability at small and large angles of inclination. The buoy design is based on various requirements specific to Indian rivers at different locations from the mid-course to the confluence. It is important that the system be modular and portable for use in a constantly changing river/water environment. A full-scale functional prototype has been developed, and field testing has been carried out to bring out the efficacy of the proposed system. Also, the WSN system collected real-time water quality data that have been validated with laboratory-based experiments. The establishment of a network of low-cost river/water health monitoring system will further initiate the large-scale data collection and help create digital twins of the Indian rivers.
Energy landscapes of some matching-problem ensembles
Authors: Kahlke Till , Hartmann Alexander K
Published: November 2023

The maximum-weight matching problem and the behavior of its energy landscape is numerically investigated. We apply a perturbation method adapted from the analysis of spin glasses. This method provides insight into the complexity of the energy landscape of different ensembles. Erdős–Rényi graphs and ring graphs with randomly added edges are considered, and two types of distributions for the random edge weights are used. Fast and scalable algorithms exist for maximum weight matching, allowing us to study large graphs with more than 105 nodes. Our results show that the structure of the energy landscape for standard ensembles of matching is simple, comparable to the energy landscape of a ferromagnet. Nonetheless, for some of the ensembles presented here, our results allow for the presence of complex energy landscapes in the spirit of a replica-symmetry breaking scenario.
Unravelling physics beyond the standard model with classical and quantum anomaly detection
Authors: Schuhmacher Julian , Boggia Laura , Belis Vasilis , Puljak Ema , Grossi Michele , Pierini Maurizio , Vallecorsa Sofia , Tacchino Francesco , Barkoutsos Panagiotis , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: November 2023

Much hope for finding new physics phenomena at microscopic scale relies on the observations obtained from High Energy Physics experiments, like the ones performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, current experiments do not indicate clear signs of new physics that could guide the development of additional Beyond Standard Model (BSM) theories. Identifying signatures of new physics out of the enormous amount of data produced at the LHC falls into the class of anomaly detection and constitutes one of the greatest computational challenges. In this article, we propose a novel strategy to perform anomaly detection in a supervised learning setting, based on the artificial creation of anomalies through a random process. For the resulting supervised learning problem, we successfully apply classical and quantum support vector classifiers (CSVC and QSVC respectively) to identify the artificial anomalies among the SM events. Even more promising, we find that employing an SVC trained to identify the artificial anomalies, it is possible to identify realistic BSM events with high accuracy. In parallel, we also explore the potential of quantum algorithms for improving the classification accuracy and provide plausible conditions for the best exploitation of this novel computational paradigm.
Analysis of population size of Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus and its intake of microplastics in streams with different land uses
Authors: Lozada-Gómez Edgar J , Pérez-Reyes Omar
Published: November 2023

Most freshwater habitats have been substantially affected by anthropogenic factors such as fish introductions, plastic pollution, and river regulation. Urban rivers are highly vulnerable to impacts associated with land use changes resulting from increasing urbanization, including altering habitat and establishing aquatic biological communities in these areas. In turn, the introduction of exotic species into sensitive and threatened ecosystems such as tropical urban streams and their rapid establishment, such as Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus, was used as an ecological model to determine the relative population size of the species. Also, the species was used to evaluate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish in rivers with different land use history. Our results showed significant differences in pleco abundance between areas with high and low urban (LU) development in the watersheds. The study demonstrated that abiotic environmental factors directly influence the relative abundance of plecos at the range and watershed scales. In a total of 42 fish examined, only 85.7% showed MPs retained in the GIT, with fibers and fragments being the most common. A total of 22 pieces of microplastic were identified with Nile Red staining by slide analysis. A significant difference was found between the abundance of microplastic ingested per total fish length between streams with high and LU development reaches. Therefore, in relatively small amounts, microplastic ingestion appears to be common in P. multiradiatus species, regardless of the habitat in which they are found and the diet present.