bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El urgente desafío de promover el valor de la vida humana
Authors: Planker de Aguerre Alejandra Mónica
Published: March 2020

Para promover el valor de la vida humana desde la concepción/fecundación, es necesario instalarse con firmeza en el concepto de naturaleza humana. Desde el aspecto biológico al espiritual, la naturaleza de la persona clama por la continuidad de “entidad” de los padres a los hijos.

Se tratará el concepto de persona, su origen, sus características fundantes, el criterio de dignidad y se reflexionará en la paradójica posibilidad de hacer un mal, queriendo un bien, aparentemente.

Es una síntesis apretada de las razones filosóficas por las que la vida humana naciente ha de ser protegida y tutelada.

Ha llevado tiempo reconocer el valor de la persona humana, fundada en su dignidad. Sin embargo la “atrofia” cognitiva y volitiva que sufre el hombre hace que en la actualidad sea una tarea realmente titánica la de sostener que la vida humana vale desde su inicio en la concepción/fecundación. La presencia cada vez más difundida de los debates proaborto, señalan esta realidad. Quizás volver a las fuentes de la comprensión de la naturaleza corpóreo-espiritual del hombre sea el camino de retorno.
Aproximación bioética sobre el diagnóstico preimplantacional con fines terapéuticos para terceros
Authors: Carrasco Salgado Nataly Cristina
Published: March 2020

El artículo realiza una aproximación bioética sobre el Diagnóstico Preimplantacional (DPI) con fines terapéuticos para terceros, procedimiento en el que la persona humana se halla sujeta a múltiples consideraciones que comprometen su desarrollo vital desde su inicio. La reflexión sobre lo dicho, tiene en cuenta aspectos antropológicos, bioéticos y jurídicos
Estatuto jurídico del embrión humano
Authors: Sánchez Barragán Rosa Jesús
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo pretende aportar unas breves ideas sobre el estatuto jurídico del embrión humano. Además de llevar a cabo una aproximación al fundamento en el que se basa la afirmación de que el embrión, por el hecho de ser persona, merece una protección jurídica y, por tanto, debe ser considerado un auténtico sujeto de derecho. De tal forma que la ley positiva no posea legitimidad para privarle de su personalidad, ni limitar sus derechos naturales. La única capacidad de limitación que posee la ley positiva se encuentra en la capacidad de obrar que tiene toda persona.
Percepción de comportamientos de cuidado humanizado de enfermería en pacientes adultos hospitalizados en servicios de medicina. Chiclayo. 2018
Authors: Gutiérrez Vásquez Daysi Elizabeth , Lázaro Alcántara Elaine
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de comportamientos de cuidado humanizado de enfermería, por pacientes adultos Hospitalizados en Servicio de Medicina. Método: La investigación es no experimental de tipo descriptivo y transversal.  La muestra estuvo constituida por 303 pacientes del Hospital Regional Docente Las Mercedes. El Instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario PCHE 3ra versión (Gonzáles, 2015) que evalúa tres dimensiones: cualidades del hacer de enfermería, Apertura a la comunicación enfermera- paciente y Disposición para la atención. Resultados: El 36% de los pacientes encuestados manifestaron siempre haber percibido un cuidado humanizado y tan sólo el 5% manifestó no haber percibido un cuidado humanizado. La dimensión mejor evaluada es la Cualidades del hacer de enfermería, obteniendo un 40%, destacando principalmente el respeto y la empatía, con solo 27% se percibió la “Apertura a la comunicación enfermera- paciente”. Conclusión: El porcentaje obtenido es motivador, ya que refleja, el ideal de comportamiento de los cuidados humanizados de enfermería; que se vieron modificados por la demanda, dotación de enfermería, infraestructura, presupuesto y dependencia de los pacientes.

 PALABRAS CLAVES: Percepción (D010465), Cuidado de enfermería (D009732), Comportamientos de cuidado (D015438), calidad del cuidado (D011787).
Basics of Health Care Team Relationships and Interprofessional Practice
Authors: Koloroutis Mary
Published: March 2020

Relationship-based care is a philosophy, an operational plan for excellence and a way of being.

It is essential that the transformation of a health care organization be a team effort based on a common vision, values ​​and anticipated results.

Keywords: Relationships, Health Care Team, Interprofessional Practice
Libro “Docencia universitaria” de don Pablo Pérez Sánchez
Authors: Reluz Barturén Francisco
Published: March 2020

Pablo Pérez Sánchez es ante todo un docente universitario a carta cabal. Médico en su formación inicial, doctorándose en medicina y cirugía por la Universidad de Navarra, educador y filósofo también de profesión, pero sobre todo por profunda convicción de la mente y el corazón en el sentido de Dietrich von Hildebrand sobre esto último -es decir- como afectividad orientada a la acción del bien y hacia la trascendencia. El doctor Pablo Pérez actualmente comparte la investigación y la enseñanza, contribuyendo a la formación humanista de varias generaciones de estudiantes de la Universidad de Piura a través de sus publicaciones y la cátedra.
La protección de la privacidad como objeto de tutela en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano
Authors: Olivos Celis Milagros
Published: March 2020

Las siguientes líneas proponen analizar -desde un enfoque descriptivo y crítico- la configuración legal de este derecho en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano. Esto se ha realizado teniendo como punto de partida las primeras conceptualizaciones teóricas y legislativas formuladas en los modelos tradicionales que han servido de inspiración a varios países latinoamericanos para legislar en la materia, junto a las razones que motivaron la redacción de la fórmula legislativa tal como se encuentra prevista en el art. 2.6 de la Carta Constitucional, permitiendo conocer el escenario en el que -diez años después- surge su ley de desarrollo con su posterior entrada en vigencia
APUNTES DE HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO. CRISTÓBAL VACA DE CASTRO, GOBERNADOR DE LA NUEVA CASTILLA (1541-1543)
Authors: Centurión González Freddy Ronald
Published: March 2020

La Gobernación de Nueva Castilla, que existió entre 1529 y 1542, hasta la creación del Virreinato del Perú, estuvo bajo el poder sucesivo y accidentado de dos gobernadores: el Marqués Francisco Pizarro y el Licenciado Cristóbal Vaca de Castro. El breve gobierno de este último, signado por las guerras civiles entre los conquistadores, fue no obstante, importante en el fortalecimiento de la autoridad metropolitana, aunque también, quedó manchado por serias acusaciones de corrupción
PENGATURAN DIRI DALAM BELAJAR PADA MAHASISWA DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Zuhrotus Sufiyana Atika
Published: March 2020

Pengaturan diri dalam belajar merupakan upaya yang harus dilakukan seorang pelajar untuk mempermudah dan memperlancar setiap proses belajarnya guna mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Artikel ini membahas tentang pengaturan diri dalam belajar (Self Regulation Learning) pada kalangan mahasiswa. Adapaun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi pengaturan diri dalam belajar mahasiswa melalui metode analisis situasional. Melalui metode ini semua elemen yang mempengaruhi pengaturan diri dalam belajar dapat terpetakan dengan sistematis. Berdasarkan tujuan yang ditetapkan, data diperoleh dari tujuh kelompok pilihan. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 48 peserta mahasiswa. Adapaun temuan utama penelitian ini berupa dua peta situasional, analisis relasional dan posisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kegunaan analisis situasional serta membuktikan bahwa pengaturan diri dalam belajar tidak dapat dipisahkan dari proses kognitif dan metakognitif.
APLIKASI SIMULASI PENILAIAN TRIDARMA PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAMPROSES SERTIFIKASI DOSEN DI POLITEKNIK NEGERI CILACAP
Authors: Vikasari Cahya
Published: March 2020

The confession of professionalism can be stated in the form of sertificate awarding to lecturer bycompetent institutions. The best effort that needed for comitting certified lecturer until it is tried to be able to increase the quality of state polytechnic of Cilacap because of lecturer is the most important component to determine learning activity process. The lack of preparation will cause the lecturer who recommended on certified lecturer can not pass well. The simulation of intern score calculation of certified lecturer will be conducted by institution through committee of certified lecturer. This research focuses on the simulation of intern score calculation of certified lecturer which recommended. The method that used was software development method, i.e., prototyping. The finding of this research is this system can help to simulate the data of score evaluation. The committee of certified lecturer will be easy to make decision in committing certified lecturer and the calculation of automatic simulation score will decrease errors in calculating total score of certified lecturer.
PENGARUH JARAK LASER HEAD TERHADAP DIAMETER SPOT PADA PEMOTONGAN POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE MENGGUNAKAN MESIN LASER CUTTING
Authors: Prihadianto Braam Delfian , Nugroho Gesang
Published: March 2020

Laser cutting is one of the processes used as an alternative to conventional machinery that has goodcutting qualities and minimizes product damage. The workings of laser cutting is to direct the output of high laser power on the material to be cut, the material then melts, burns, evaporates by gas, and produces edges with a good quality surface. This study aims to determine the effect of laser head distance from the laser cutting machine on the spot diameter produced on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material. This study used a laser machine with 60 watts of power and variation of laser head distance with an interval of 1 mm at a distance of 1-28 mm. Spot diameter value was gained measurement from using stereo zoom microscope with 30 X magnification and mapping. The result shows that the spot diameter was 0,229 - 0,990 mm. The factors that affect the value of spot diameter is the laser power used and laser head distance from the material.
OPTIMASI TEMPERATUR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEKERASAN PADA PEMBUATAN BALL MILL DENGAN CARA HOT ROLLING
Authors: Wilastari Santhi
Published: March 2020

Violence is one of the characteristics needed by the ball mill. To get this trait up to now is still done by trial and error so it is very ineffective. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the parameters that affect the hardness of the ball mill and the optimal level. There are three parameters that are thought to affect ball mill hardness, namely the temperature of raw material (Tm), the initial temperature of the quenching process (Tq) and the final temperature of the quenching process (Tt).
ENERAPAN METODE SIMPLEKS UNTUK OPTIMASI PRODUKSI IKAN AIR TAWAR DAN IKAN AIR PAYAU DI KABUPATEN CILACAP SERTA ANALISIS KELAYAKAN PRODUKSI SECARA SENSITIVITAS
Authors: Listyaningrum Rostika , Afiati Ika Nur
Published: March 2020

Cilacap Regency is one of region whose good potential in process of waterpark cultivation. The resource potential of fresh water cultivation and brackish water and is distribution is almost in CilacapRegency, and it still has potential to develop. This research discussed the application of simplex method on the productivity of fresh water cultivation and brackish water in Cilacap Regency. The optimal solution from simplex method was tested its change of reliability with sensitivity analysis. The maximum productivity of fresh water and brackish water in 2014 till 2016 was 28.784,4494 tons.
Photonic convolutional neural networks using integrated diffractive optics
Authors: Ong Jun Rong , Ang Thomas Yong Long , Ooi Chin Chun , Lim Soon Thor , Png Ching Eng
Published: March 2020

With recent rapid advances in photonic integrated circuits, it has been demonstrated that programmable photonic chips can be used to implement artificial neural networks. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are a class of deep learning methods that have been highly successful in applications such as image classification and speech processing. We present an architecture to implement a photonic CNN using the Fourier transform property of integrated star couplers. We show, in computer simulation, high accuracy image classification using the MNIST dataset. We also model component imperfections in photonic CNN and show that the performance degradation can be recovered in a programmable chip. Our proposed architecture provides a large reduction in physical footprint compared to current implementations as it utilizes the natural advantages of optics and hence offers a scalable pathway towards integrated photonic deep learning processors.
JUSTIFICATION SETTINGS LEVEL AUTONOMOUS HEATING SYSTEM
Authors: Kuzmin Sergey Ivanovich
Published: March 2020

The technique of definition of rational ratio of coolant flow and surface heat

transfer appliances heating system.
STERIC EFFECT IN THE MATRIX OF THE FOAM CONCRETE
Authors: Savenkov Andrey , Yazina Ol'ga , Ploskonosova Alena , Stafievskiy Egor
Published: March 2020

The phenomenon of the steric effect in cement mortar of a hardening matrix of foam

concrete is considered. The amount of reduction in compressive strength in a matrix of foam concrete

of heat-insulating grades by density.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE AUTOTRANSFORMER SYSTEMS OF TRACTION POWER SUPPLY
Authors: Buyakova Natal'ya , Kryukov Andrey , Glyzin Evgeniy
Published: March 2020

Results of imitating modeling of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the systems of traction power supply of 94 kV are described. It is shown that tensions of EMF in these systems don't surpass admissible levels.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY THE SECURITY OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
Authors: Dubickiy Mihail
Published: March 2020

The main classes of tasks of the methodical plan within which questions of safety of

power systems are considered are allocated. The article considers the main tasks ensure the safety of

nuclear power plants.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE PROCESS OF REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Zasuhina Ol'ga , Alaf'eva Marina , Cherednik Pavel
Published: March 2020

An example of the development of a relational database for information support for

the repair of electrical equipment is considered.
NEW REQUIREMENTS AND APPROACHES TO LONG-TERM FORECASTING OF ELECTRICITY PRICES
Authors: Kononov Dmitriy , Alaf'eva Marina
Published: March 2020

The article describes a multi-stage approach, which includes: determining the dynamics of self-repayment prices (minimum supply prices), providing generating companies with breakeven operation and development; imitation of competition of these companies in regional energy markets; taking into account the possible corrective impact on the demand for electricity. The results of

calculations of long-term price dynamics for two scenarios of economic development and the study of

the impact of various factors on the cost of electricity are presented.
SPECIAL MODES OF TRACTION NETWORKS
Authors: Lagunova Natal'ya
Published: March 2020

The results of modeling a special regime of traction power supply system for feeding the contact network section from different phases of the traction substation.
HARMONIOUS DISTORTIONS IN THE NETWORKS FEEDING TRACTION SUBSTATIONS
Authors: Shafikov Aleksey
Published: March 2020

Results of the researches directed to definition of harmonious distortions in the

feeding electrical networks depending on the weight of trains are given.
ABOUT SYNTACTIAL PROPERTYS OF INDUCTIVE THEORY
Authors: Chihachev Sergey
Published: March 2020

Found syntactic conditions necessary for the existence of an algebraically prime

model of inductive theory.
THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION MODEL OF ESTIMATION OF RISK DYNAMICS OF MASS NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF CHILDREN CAUSED BY EXPOSURE TO LOCAL FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Prusakov Valeriy , Prusakova Aleksandra
Published: March 2020

This report presents the concept of an information model for assessing the dynamics of the risk of mass non-infectious diseases of children, caused by the impact of local habitat factors, formed using an epidemiological study of the children of the Irkutsk region.
NTEGRATED INDEX OF QUALITY OF LIFE: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
Authors: D'yakovich Marina
Published: March 2020

The issues of using the integral quality of life index, taking into account the quality of

the environment and the quality of health. It can be obtained on the evaluation of subjective opinions

of the respondents in the population-based health and social studies.
THE VITRINISTIKA – ART OF SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS
Authors: Kozlova Kseniya
Published: March 2020

The concept of vitrinistics and the main advantages of its application in retail trade

are disclosed. Systematization of the main rules for the design and management of show-window are

performed.
LEGAL METHODS OF STATE SUPPORT TO DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Sorokina Anna
Published: March 2020

Legal methods and instruments of state support for the development of small and

medium-sized businesses at the federal and municipal levels are considered
POWER TRAINING FOR A VOLLEYBALL PLAYER
Authors: Rzheneva Ol'ga
Published: March 2020

Consider the concepts: strength, power endurance, power and their development.
DESIGNING THE STRUCTURE OF THE DISCIPLINE IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kulakova Irina
Published: March 2020

The article discusses an example of the development of the discipline structure in

the information and educational environment on the learning management system (LMS) Moodle. The

possibilities of using modules and plugins of the system to achieve the effectiveness of training and

implementation of the work program of the discipline are considered.
FEATURES THE PERFORMANCE OF PACKAGING MACHINE
Authors: Tur Anatoliy , Dirk Anastasiya
Published: March 2020

Reviewed by way of improving the work of packing automaton by the Irkutsk,

consisting in the development of the upgraded site packaging step-up the quality of its products.
SELECTION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF NETWORK TRAFFIC
Authors: Chernigovskiy Aleksandr , Krivov Maksim
Published: March 2020

Network traffic was analyzed. Obtained results were compared with the existing

mathematical models. It was found that the best mathematical description of network traffic was obtained using the Pareto model.
OPTIONS FOR STRENGTHENING BALCONY PLATES
Authors: Gorbach Pavel , Kiselev Dmitriy
Published: March 2020

The variant of reinforcement of balcony plates is considered. The technique of reconstruction and restoration of concrete is described
Avaliação de impacto ambiental de projetos de intervenções em cursos d’água no Brasil: análise documental e de coerência técnica de estudos ambientais
Authors: Tacyana Felix Carvalho Andreza , Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabrak Jaime
Published: March 2020

No Brasil, obras em cursos d’água, como barragens, retificações e dragagens, quando consideradas atividades de significativo impacto ambiental, têm como condicionante para submissão do seu licenciamento ambiental a elaboração de estudos ambientais (EA), contemplando a complexidade dos fatores envolvidos nesses tipos de projeto para que, assim, a equipe técnica do órgão ambiental possa julgar a viabilidade de sua aplicação. Desse modo, este trabalho apresenta, por meio de análise qualitativa por meio de aplicação de protocolo de análise técnico-documental, a coerência técnica dos EAs de projetos de intervenções em cursos d’água. Para isso, a pesquisa de caráter exploratório tem como subsídio documental a utilização de 10 (dez) projetos de obras de barragens, dragagem e retificação de rios, os quais foram submetidos à Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de órgãos ambientais estaduais do país entre os anos de 2010 e 2017.
Impacto da incorporação de lixiviado estabilizado pré-tratado de aterro sanitário ao tratamento de esgoto doméstico em reatores UASB
Authors: Borelli Galvão Renan , Liane Biesdorf Borth Priscila , Fernandes Fernando , Kiyomi Kuroda Emília
Published: March 2020

A incorporação de lixiviado de aterro sanitário no tratamento de esgoto doméstico tem sido praticada em alguns países e pode ser uma alternativa técnica interessante, desde que o transporte do lixiviado à ETE seja viável e que a mesma tenha capacidade de absorver a sobrecarga. Este trabalho buscou avaliar os impactos da adição de lixiviado de aterro sanitário pré-tratado por stripping de amônia no tratamento de esgoto doméstico em reatores anaeróbios UASB. A avaliação foi realizada em escala piloto, em reatores com volume de 14,14 L, vazão de 1,77 L h-1 e TDH de 8 h. O tratamento das misturas esgoto-lixiviado foi eficiente na remoção de DQO, apresentando remoções entre 69,2 e 81,4%, com valores residuais de 88 a 168 mg L-1. A análise dos incrementos de DQO provenientes do lixiviado sugeriu que o tratamento anaeróbio não foi capaz de remover a DQO adicionada e ainda foi prejudicado em relação à remoção da DQO biodegradável do esgoto.
Qualidade da água subterrânea para consumo humano e sua correlação com fontes poluidoras na Sub-bacia do Rio Taperoá - PB
Authors: Braúllio Nascimento Bezerra Ewerton , Isoneide Araujo da Silva Carla , Maria Belmont Sabino Meira Celeide , de Lourdes Carvalho Marinho do Rêgo Rayssa , de Oliveira Rui , Silveira do Nascimento Ruth
Published: March 2020

O Nordeste brasileiro é caracterizado por longos períodos de estiagem, o que compromete a qualidade de vida da população, implicando maiores índices de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Diante disso, a utilização de águas subterrâneas por meio de poços vem se tornando uma das soluções alternativas de abastecimento mais acessíveis nessa região. Contudo, tal exploração exige cuidados, visto que as águas subterrâneas, a exemplo da sub-bacia do Rio Taperoá - PB, estão impróprias para o consumo humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a adequação para consumo humano das águas de 8 poços tubulares e sua relação com fontes poluidoras na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio Taperoá - PB. Entre os indicadores físico-químicos, na maioria dos poços, as concentrações de nitrato apresentaram não conformidade ao padrão de potabilidade, assim como as análises microbiológicas. De fato, os resultados analíticos indicaram que as águas dos poços analisados somente podem ser utilizadas para fins não potáveis.
Análise do processo biodegradativo em resíduos sólidos urbanos aterrados
Authors: Oliveira Aires Kellianny , Camargo de Melo Márcio , de Oliveira Rui , Escarião Dessoles Monteiro Veruschka
Published: March 2020

As dinâmicas envolvidas no processo de biodegradação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) e na formação do biogás incluem diversos fatores físicos, químicos e microbiológicos. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a biodegradação de RSU aterrados em uma célula experimental. Os indicadores monitorados foram temperatura, umidade, pH, sólidos voláteis e quantificação dos micro-organismos aeróbios totais. O biogás foi mensurado por meio de um detector portátil que verificou as concentrações de CH4, CO2 e O2. Os dados foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e, em seguida, foi gerada uma matriz de correlação de Pearson com as variáveis envolvidas no processo. O monitoramento da célula experimental verificou que os diversos indicadores analisados foram propícios à degradação da matéria orgânica, embora a produção de biogás não tenha sido potencializada em termos de metano.
Otimização do aproveitamento hídrico superficial na bacia hidrográfica do rio Araguari, Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Correia da Silva Jhunior Hélio , Ricardo Salla Marcio , Eugênio Pereira Carlos , de Souza Nogueira Amanda
Published: March 2020

Para a concessão de outorga em Minas Gerais, o IGAM adota como vazão de referência a Q7,10 em base anual, aplicando-se o percentual outorgável máximo de 50%. Com foco na otimização hídrica, o artigo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto no potencial de usos da água ao se considerar novos critérios na estimativa da vazão de referência: a sazonalidade do regime de ocorrência de vazão e percentuais máximos outorgáveis acima de 50% da Q7,10. O potencial desses novos critérios foi avaliado, tendo como prioridade garantir a vazão mínima residual (50% da Q7,10) nos cursos de água. A área de estudo foi a bacia do rio Araguari, Minas Gerais. A substituição do critério anual pelo sazonal mostrou um aumento na vazão disponível para captação, principalmente no período chuvoso, sendo em média 47% superiores. A utilização de percentuais mais permissivos da Q7,10 como critério de outorga frente ao atual teve, como principal resultado, a identificação de regiões onde, mesmo adotando 100% da Q7,10 como vazão máxima outorgável, os volumes captados ultrapassam o máximo permitido. No que se refere às áreas críticas com conflitos entre demandas, foram estimados racionamentos significativos em períodos de estiagem, com um valor médio máximo mensal de 84,7%. Nos reservatórios de Nova Ponte, Miranda, Capim Branco 1 e 2 do rio Araguari, o potencial ainda existente para captação se mostra favorável, com capacidade para abastecer cidades do porte de Uberlândia.
The State Interests and the Responsibility of the State: some issues of interrelation
Authors: Kubko Andrii
Published: March 2020

The matter of the responsibility of the state is of core importance in view of the modern legal system. The effective implementation of the responsibility of the state serves as a safeguard for securing a rule of law principle, the respect for human rights: absent such implementation these principles would be rendered nugatory.

The state responsibility has evolved during the Ukraine’s move forward to the democratic, rule of law based nation. The country’s acceding to the international law instruments in the area of human rights protection, such as the European Convention and bilateral investment treaties has also contributed to the process of strengthening of the responsibility of the state.

Currently the state’s responsibility is governed by the significant segment of the domestic as well as the international law and is capable of effectuated both through the national judiciary and international courts and tribunals.

The matter of the responsibility of the state is closely interrelated with the issue of the state’s interests implementation. The interests of the state are recognized both in the law and in the theory. The effective implementation of such interests, e,g, of those related to securing the national sovereignty, law and order, territorial integrity, due functioning of the state machinery etc. is an objective necessity.

At the same time the state, when implementing its interests, often has to restrict, limit, interfere with other social interests, e,g. those of private persons, social groups, civil society and the private rights. The measures implemented by the state on the legislative, governmental or judicial level aimed at implementation of the state’s interests result on many occasions in the conflict between the respective state interests and those affected by such measures. This situation is capable of giving rise to the state held responsible for the violation of the undertaking in the area of human rights protection from the domestic or international law perspective.

Against the above background the state is to be said to be justified in implementing the measures restricting or interfering with the private, collective, social interests where such measures pursue not only the interest of the state, but collaterally the public interest. Thus the state interest, in order to justify the state’s above measures should be a public in nature and be of general social value.
Recruitment of personnel of state security bodies in Ukraine during the domination of the totalitarian regime (1929-1953)
Authors: Okipniuk Volodymyr
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the historical and legal analysis of the main ways of replenishing the personnel of the state security bodies of the USSR during the domination of the totalitarian regime.

It was established that the formation of personnel of state security bodies was carried out in several ways. The first of these was the direct appointment ("mobilization") of representatives of the "party-Komsomol asset", as a rule, without their training and special training for positions in state security bodies.

The second method of staffing state security agencies during this period was to select persons who met the requirements and enroll them in training at special departmental institutions.

In the USSR, the Kyiv (since 1938 - Kharkiv) intercity school and the Kharkov School of Foreign Intelligence of the NKVD of the USSR operated at different times. At the end of the war and in the postwar period, the Kharkov interdistrict school of the KGB-MGB was restored and the Lviv interdistrict school of the MGB was established.

The candidates were thoroughly studied for their political allegiance to the ruling regime and underwent special screening. It provided for the study of a person, their relationships and surroundings at birth, study, residence, work, background checks, etc.

Regardless of the method of recruitment, future employees of national security agencies had to meet certain requirements. To be members, candidates for membership of the CPSU (b), or members of the WCCM, carefully scrutinized for their political views and for which there were no material. Other requirements varied depending on which units the person was intended to direct - military service at the NSCA, age, relevant education, secondary or higher, health status that met the needs of future service, etc.

Since the second half of the 1930s, the emphasis on the requirements for candidates who were directly enrolled in the NKVD bodies shifted towards the mandatory political commitment of the regime. This practice continued also in wartime and postwar times.
E. Ehrlikh’s "living law" and its current interpretation
Authors: Shchambura Dеnis
Published: March 2020

The article explores the main ideas of the works of E. Ehrlich (1862–1922), where the concept of "live law" was gradually established. The prominent thinker gave the leading role in the law-making process to society, and therefore he called to study society, exploring direct survey of social life as an important source of law comprehension. It is proved that among the three types of law: state law, law of lawyers, social law – E. Ehrlikh preferred the latter. The interrelation of social law and state law in Ehrlikch’s concept is revealed.

Ehrlikh’s idea of "live law" is proportional to the modern notion of "informal law". Informal law, like "live law", corresponds to the current everyday needs of social life, is formed by society itself or by certain social groups, and is not provided with state coercion. Nevertheless, the concept of “live law” should not be considered as anti-state one. E. Ehrlich did not recognize the dominant significance of the state law-making activity in the social legal life, but he never denied such a role at whole. He persuaded that coercion plays a secondary role in the existence of law. Indeed, the existence of informal law is largely independent of the state and its coercive apparatus. Continuing this E. Ehrlikh’s opinion, it can be argued that modern society as a plurality of peoples and communities recognize certain rules of conduct as compulsory, and, at least in general, subordinate their behaviour to these rules, guided by relevant internal convictions.

The scholar's attitude to state law is refined and the opinion of Ehrlich's anti-etatism is refuted. The scholar did not rule out the possibility for the state law to obtain social importance and to acquire the status of a living law. The scholar's attitude to state law is refined and the opinion of Ehrlich's anti-etatism is refuted. The scientist did not rule out the possibility for state law to obtain social importance and to acquire the status of a living law.
The influence of Globalization on National Administrative Law: International Legal discourse
Authors: Radyshevska Olesya
Published: March 2020

The present article provides the analyses of the influence of globalization on national administrative law. It is noted that the modern era of civilizational development is an era of globalization, encompassing the dynamic development of international integration processes in all directions of human life, particular, in the public sphere, which is regulated by the rules of administrative law through the prism of the values of the rule of law. In order to resolve the issues of realization and protection of human rights in the public sphere (in the global dimension) the concept of Global Administrative Law emerged. This concept encompasses the combination of legal rules, principles and institutional rules applicable to the process of public administration, which is carried out in ways that apply not only to domestic law but also to the structure of political power; administration takes place within the global administrative space, causing a blurring of national and international, public and private dimensions.               The author has emphasized that globalization place new demands on the system of functioning of national public administration systems, which should become an effective tool in solving complex intercultural contradictions, especially those arising in the process of harmonization of the mechanisms of joint functioning of national states in the world, and therefore harmonization of relations between the states and establishment of effective forms of cooperation, which to a certain extent can contribute to ensuring openness and transparency of the sphere of international relations.              This process not only contributes to the emergence of global administrative law, but also creates a broad, universal recognition of the principles and concepts that global administrative law requires. It is concluded that the implementation of international norms, standards, procedures that operate on a global scale will help Ukraine to gradually build a European, sovereign, independent, democratic, social, legal state, whose main responsibility is to promote and protect human rights and freedoms, where a individual, his or her life and health, honor and dignity, integrity and security will be recognized as the highest social value as an effective mechanism of human-centered concept.
The special information operation: history of formation
Authors: Selina Maria
Published: March 2020

In the article described research about appearance and the development of a special information operation which has become an integral part of the current military-political confrontation. The author defined, that skilled and timely conducted information operations gives an opportunity to gain significant advantages over the enemy, in particular, through the implementation of moral and psychological impact on the population including the armed forces of the enemy and as well as on leaderships of countries. To confirm it, in the article presented examples of the results of conducted special information operations and its individual elements in different periods of human history.

The article presents, that special information operations is not invention of the present, they appeared in ancient times simultaneously with emergence of armed confrontation, as an integral part of the armed struggle in the form of psychological way for weakening the enemy’s combat spirit and raising the fighting spirit of it’s own forces. The author highlights the information about the first facts of use informational and psychological influence such as: misinformation, propaganda, intimidation, which are elements of a special information operation. Their further transformation relates to the development of science and technology and the improvement of information technologies. Aa a result there are four form stages of the development of informational and psychological influence: verbal, telecommunication, technical and paper.

The article states that the appearance of the internet and the information influence on a wide audience around the world that makes special information operation one of the most effective means of achieving external and internal political goals both in military and in peacetime as evidenced by the experience of their realization. At the present stage, special information operations have become a part of a new type of war, the so-called “Hybrid war” and provides significant impact on the military and political confrontation between the opponents countries.
The publication of judicial decisions as a reason for convincing precedent
Authors: Sabodash Roman
Published: March 2020

The paper shows how the publication of court decisions influenced the formation of a precedent. The author reviewed scientific works devoted to research the precedent in common and continental law. The research explains that the formation of precedent in England was accompanied by development of the judgment’s reviews and their prevalence among lawyers. Of course, publication of court decisions was not a major factor in setting a precedent, but it played a significant role in this. The paper also describes facts of the publication of court decisions in Italy, Germany, France and the Netherlands, as well as the admissibility of their citations at the court of cassation. The general idea of the paper is that convincing precedent exists and is used although the countries of continental law do not have a «classic» precedent. The paper gives a review of the importance of the state register of court decisions for setting a convincing precedent in Ukraine. The author analyzes the pros and cons of citing court decisions. It’s stated that, unfortunately, the quotations of court decisions is not always correct and sometimes amounts to rewriting the «right» legal position without comparing the circumstances of the case. The article concludes that the practice of applying a convincing precedent in Ukraine is only emerging and needs further improvement.

         It has been found out that the publication of judgments of supreme courts is one of the factors that helped to establish precedent in common law countries. The publication of court rulings also created the conditions for a convincing precedent in civil law countries (especially in private law). At the same time, the formation of a “convincing precedent» in countries where court decisions are published in publicly available electronic court registers is much faster than in common law countries. Of course, the structure and the significance of the precedent in the common law and civil law countries are different, but one cannot dismiss that publication of court decisions as one of the factors for establishing the precedent.
Non-compliance with international labor standards in the implementation of codification of labor legislation
Authors: Tsyhanchuk Nataliya
Published: March 2020

The integration of Ukraine into the European Union requires amendments to national legislation and harmonizing its norms with international standards. At present, it is necessary to prepare and adopt a new Labor Code of Ukraine. In the Verkhovna Rada four Draft Labor Codes have been registered, but the analysis of each of them indicates that not all norms of the proposed drafts meet international standards.

International labor standards and of foreign experience should be applied with due regard for the features of the legal systems of different countries, including ours.

The issues of developing the concept of reforming the labor legislation of Ukraine and its further progress, as well as the adoption of the new Labor Code, have long been the subject of scientific debate and research. But many questions are not answered. In this regard, this topic is still relevant.

Draft Law № 0955 was registered in the Verkhovna Rada, replacing Draft Law № 1658, which had already been voted for at first reading and had been awaiting for consideration at second reading, but was revoked by the Verkhovna Rada of the new convocation because of its inconsistence with the norms and principles of international law and with International Labor Organization Conventions ratified by Ukraine.

The analysis of Draft Law № 2410 and Draft Law № 2410-1 indicates that they also do not meet international labor standards and therefore require improvement.

Draft Law on Labor № 2708, submitted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, contradicts the Constitution of Ukraine and other laws and had been developed without the involvement of social partners, that is employers and trade unions.

The authors of the Draft Law had not taken into account the ILO Conventions, ratified by Ukraine, and the commitments undertaken by Ukraine as a result of signing the Association Agreement with the EU in labor relations issues. The analysis of the Draft Law shows that its provisions commit the gross violation of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine and of the current labor legislation and do not meet international labor standards. It is necessary to adopt a new Labor Code of Ukraine, but it must be a legislative instrument that meets all international labor standards and is built on the principles of social partnership.
Bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises in the light of legislative reforms
Authors: Hychun Maksym
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the investigation of bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises, in particular after the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine came into force on October 21, 2019.

The opinions of scientists and their different points of view are presented, in particular that some insist that it is the first codified act on the settlement of insolvency (bankruptcy) in the whole history of Ukraine’s independence, which will give impetus for positive changes and raise the bankruptcy institute. scientists - quite rightly point to the gaps contained in the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine and the irreversible consequences that can occur after it enters into force. The analysis of the national legislation in the part of bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises, as well as the practice of its application, considered the issues of bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises, namely in terms of approaches of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine to the bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises and the identification of conditions that improve them. Some aspects of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine, which have both positive and negative features, are investigated. The article states that the positive influence of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine on bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises and improvement of conditions for restoration of their solvency cannot be clearly stated. First and foremost, it is essential to amend the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine as part of the opening of bankruptcy proceedings against public authorities, preventing abuse in this aspect, and to fully regulate the rehabilitation procedure, in particular regarding its duration, so as to prevent the enterprise from being captured. legal grounds, as well as to regulate the bankruptcy of enterprises located in the occupied territories of Crimea and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine needs further improvement in this part, and theoretical and scientific developments will give impetus for the further development of the bankruptcy institute.
Venture Capital Funds as Joint Investment Institutes under the Legislation of Ukraine and Regulations of the European Union: General Characteristics.
Authors: Ivanyuk Yosyf
Published: March 2020

Joint investment institutes, in particular, venture capital funds, constitute a significant part of the economies of developing countries, as they stimulate the investment of individuals and legal entities and play an essential role in the development of young companies that are building their business on the basis of innovations and innovative technologies (start-ups). In addition, the use of venture capital funds for legitimate tax optimization or as financial intermediaries within the group of companies is a very common phenomenon on the market of goods and services, in particular, in Ukraine. The activities of the venture capital funds in Ukraine as a whole are constructed in accordance with the European model, but there are still some differences and imperfect legal regulation, which is a problem in understanding the approximation of Ukrainian legislation to unified EU regulations.

The subject of the article (study) is the analysis and comparison of the venture capital funds as joint investment institutes in Ukraine and EU law on the basis of the national legislation of Ukraine and the relevant EU directives. Similar studies in Ukraine are practically absent, with the exception of the thesis by Polianska I.Y. "Investors 'Rights in Joint Investments: Comparison with European Legal Models", devoted to the study of the nature of investors' rights in the implementation of joint investments and the determination of the laws of legal regulation of the status of joint investment institutes under the legislation of Ukraine and legislation of foreign countries, in particular Western European States, scientific publications Hlibko S. V. and Sydorenko YU. V. "Issues of legal regulation of investment funds in the EU", Svikhrov S.O. and Schastlyvtseva R.V. "On the necessity to bring commitments on the activity of institutional investors in Ukraine to the legislation of the European Union", Inna Lobas "Foreign experience of state support of venture investment of innovation activity".

The purpose of the publication is to study the general legal regulation of activities of venture capital funds and joint investment institutes in the EU countries, to compare it with such regulation in Ukraine and to bring proposals to improve the specified legal regulation in Ukraine.
Protection of intellectual property rights in the conditions of innovative development of countries
Authors: Kovalova Maryna
Published: March 2020

The research intensive companies have been increasingly emphasizing on the commercialization of their innovations to adopt a central strategy for competitive advantage. During last two decades, many small and medium companies have shifted their focus to technological inventions leading to entrepreneurship and simultaneously they are commercializing their new technologies. A well-balanced and accessible intellectual property system plays an important role in this process. Intellectual property rights serve to protect the often large and high-risk investments in innovative companies, thereby providing major incentives to make such investments.

Patents and intellectual property are important products of any national innovation system. Innovation is a key driver of economic growth and development in the medium and long term for each country. The concept of innovation can be described as the process of introducing new products, services and production processes to the market and, as a consequence, the creation of new profitable enterprises.

A properly created system of protection and protection of intellectual property rights grants exclusive rights to inventors and thus increases their chances of getting the start-up (initial) investments they need to bring new technologies to the market. In other words, intellectual property rights are a key prerequisite for the emergence of intellectual property in the market.

Comparison of European legislation with Ukrainian legal standards shows that Ukraine has embarked on a path that is broadly in line with the general global trends in the evolution of legislation in technology transfer. Additional rules that have been successfully applied in European legislation (but are not yet in Ukrainian) can be further integrated into existing legal acts or incorporated into draft new laws, such as the law on the commercialization (transfer) of technologies.

The problems that Ukraine will have to solve in the field of technology commercialization in the next few years make it necessary to study the experience of developed countries. Copying is not possible, any innovative measures are successful in the national context: economic, social, legal, etc.