bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P2X7 receptor antagonism modulates IL-1β and MMP9 in human atherosclerotic vessels
Authors: Lombardi Maria , Mantione Maria Elena , Baccellieri Domenico , Ferrara David , Castellano Renata , Chiesa Roberto , Alfieri Ottavio , Foglieni Chiara
Published: July 2017

In atherosclerosis, matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) contribute to plaque rupture through weakening of the fibrous cap. Pleiotropic P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7), expressed in the carotid plaque (PL), is involved in interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) release that may influence MMP9 generation, thus their possible modulation through acting on P2X7 was investigated. P2X7-related machinery was characterized and the effects of P2X7 antagonists (A740003, KN62) and MMPs inhibitors (Batimastat, Ro28-2653) were studied inex-vivotissue cultures of human PL’s vs. non-atherosclerotic internal mammary artery (IMA) by using molecular biology, immune-biochemical and microscopy methodologies. We highlighted atherosclerosis-related differences between PLs and IMAs molecular patterns, and their responsivity to P2X7 antagonism. High IL-1β tissue content was associated with PLs morphology and instability/vulnerability. We demonstrated that A740003, but not KN62, decreased IL-1β and MMP9 independently from NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, but in relationship with patient’s smoking status. Acting downstream P2X7 by MMPs inhibitors, diminished IL-1β mRNA without transcriptional effect at MMP9, possibly because the assumption of statin by patients. These data firstly demonstrated A740003 suitability as a specific tool to decrease inflammatory status in human vessels and might support the design of studies applying P2X7 antagonists for the local targeting and tailored therapy of atherosclerosis.
Cancer risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Zi-Yi , Liu Xing , Ding Ying-Ying , Zhang Zuo-Feng , He Na
Published: July 2017

Cancer is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate prevalence of cancer risk factors among Chinese PLWHA based on 102 articles. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the summary prevalence estimate (sPrev) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each cancer risk factor by demographic group. Overall, the sPrev for each risk factor among Chinese PLWHA was: 41.1% (95% CI: 35.3–46.9%) for current smoking; 30.3% (95% CI: 23.3–37.4%) for current alcohol consumption; 24.4% (95% CI: 14.7–30.2%) for overweight and obesity; 12.5% (95% CI: 10.6–14.3%) for hepatitis B virus infection; 29.1% (95% CI: 23.6–34.5%) for hepatitis C virus infection; 33.9% (95% CI: 24.3–43.5%) for high-risk human papillomavirus infection from cervical samples and 78.6% (95% CI: 69.4–87.7%) from anal samples; 2.7% (95% CI: 0.7–4.7%) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity, 94.7% (95% CI: 90.7–98.8%) for EBV IgG positivity and 25.6% (95% CI: 12.4–38.8%) for EBV DNA positivity; 14.9% (95% CI: 12.4–17.4%) for human herpes virus 8 infection. The prevalence of major cancer risk factors was high among PLWHA in China, suggesting an urgent need for interventions to reduce cancer risk in this high-risk group.
Self-powered ZnS Nanotubes/Ag Nanowires MSM UV Photodetector with High On/Off Ratio and Fast Response Speed
Authors: An Qinwei , Meng Xianquan , Xiong Ke , Qiu Yunlei
Published: July 2017

In this study, we design and demonstrate a novel type of self-powered UV photodetectors (PDs) using single-crystalline ZnS nanotubes (NTs) as the photodetecting layer and Ag nanowires (NWs) network as transparent electrodes. The self-powered UV PDs with asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure exhibit attractive photovoltaic characteristic at 0 V bias. Device performance analysis reveals that the as-assembled PDs have a high on/off ratio of 19173 and a fast response speed (τr = 0.09 s, τf = 0.07 s) without any external bias. These values are even higher than that of ZnS nanostructures- and ZnS heterostructure-based PDs at a large bias voltage. Besides, its UV sensivity, responsivity and detectivity at self-powered mode can reach as high as 19172, 2.56 A/W and 1.67 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively. In addition, the photosensing performance of the self-powered UV PDs is studied in different ambient conditions (e.g., in air and vacuum). Moreover, a physical model based on band energy theory is proposed to explain the origin of the self-driven photoresponse characteristic in our device. The totality of the above study signifies that the present self-powered ZnS NTs-based UV nano-photodetector may have promising application in future self-powered optoelectronic devices and integrated systems.
PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of LSD1 is required for presynaptic plasticity and hippocampal learning and memory
Authors: Lim Chae-Seok , Nam Hye Jin , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Dongha , Choi Ja Eun , Kang SukJae Joshua , Kim Somi , Kim Hyopil , Kwak Chuljung , Shim Kyu-Won , Kim Siyong , Ko Hyoung-Gon , Lee Ro Un , Jang Eun-Hae , Yoo Juyoun , Shim Jaehoon , Islam Md Ariful , Lee Yong-Seok , Lee Jae-Hyung , Baek Sung Hee , Kaang Bong-Kiun
Published: July 2017

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that participates in transcriptional repression or activation. Recent studies reported that LSD1 is involved in learning and memory. Although LSD1 phosphorylation by PKCα was implicated in circadian rhythmicity, the importance of LSD1 phosphorylation in learning and memory is unknown. In this study, we examined the roles of LSD1 in synaptic plasticity and memory using Lsd1SA/SA knock-in (KI) mice, in which a PKCα phosphorylation site is mutated. Interestingly, short-term and long-term contextual fear memory as well as spatial memory were impaired in Lsd1 KI mice. In addition, short-term synaptic plasticity, such as paired pulse ratio and post-tetanic potentiation was impaired, whereas long-term synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation and long-term depression, was normal. Moreover, the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current was significantly increased, suggesting presynaptic dysfunction in Lsd1 KI mice. Consistent with this, RNA-seq analysis using the hippocampus of Lsd1 KI mice showed significant alterations in the expressions of presynaptic function-related genes. Intriguingly, LSD1n-SA mutant showed diminished binding to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) compared to LSD1n-WT in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that LSD1 is involved in the regulation of presynaptic gene expression and subsequently regulates the hippocampus-dependent memory in phosphorylation-dependent manner.
Morphology Control of Energy-Gap-Engineered Nb2O5 Nanowires and the Regioselective Growth of CdS for Efficient Carrier Transfer Across an Oxide-Sulphide Nanointerface
Authors: Shinohara Tomoki , Yamada Miyu , Sato Yuki , Okuyama Shohei , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki , Saito Kenji
Published: July 2017

Semiconductor nanowires with both nano- and micrometre dimensions have been used as effective materials for artificial photosynthesis; however, a single synthesis approach to provide rational control over the macroscopic morphology, which can allow for the high-throughput screening of photocatalytic performance, and carrier transfer between oxide and sulphide nanostructures has been poorly known. Our recent findings indicate that a single parameter, Nb foil thickness, in a vapor-phase synthesis method can alter the macroscopic morphology of resulting Nb2O5 nanowires. Thick Nb foil results in a free-standing Nb2O5 film, whereas a thinner foil leads to fragmentation to give a powder. During the synthesis process, a Rh dopant was provided through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition to reduce the Nb2O5 energy gap. Upon irradiation with visible light (λ > 440 nm), the free-standing nanowire film [Nb2O5:Rh-NW(F)] showed photoanodic current with a Faradaic efficiency of 99% for O2 evolution. Under identical irradiation conditions, the powdered counterpart [Nb2O5:Rh-NW(P)] showed activity for O2 evolution in the presence of an electron acceptor. The poor water-reduction ability was greatly enhanced by the Au-catalysed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of H2-evolving CdS onto the reduction sites of Nb2O5:Rh-NW(P) [Au/CdS/Nb2O5:Rh-NW(P)].
Rice Flowering Locus T 1 plays an important role in heading date influencing yield traits in rice
Authors: Zhu Yu-Jun , Fan Ye-Yang , Wang Kai , Huang De-Run , Liu Wen-Zhen , Ying Jie-Zheng , Zhuang Jie-Yun
Published: July 2017

Important role of flowering genes in enhancing grain productivity in rice has become well recognized for a number of key genes regulating the florigen production, but little has been known for the two florigen genes themselves. In this study, pleiotropism ofRice Flowering Locus T 1(RFT1), one of the two florigen genes in rice, was firstly evaluated using near isogenic lines (NILs) carryingRFT1alleles from theindicarice cultivars Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46, respectively, and then determined by transformation of theRFT1ZS97allele into ajaponicarice variety, Zhonghua 11. TheRFT1ZS97allele was shown to delay heading and increase plant height, grain weight, grain number and grain yield, indicating thatRFT1plays an important role in the growth and development of rice. This study has also validated the potential of using a new type of genetic resource, sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs), for QTL fine-mapping. A step-by-step approach was employed for SeqRHs identification, NIL development and QTL fine-mapping. The heterozygous segments and candidate QTL regions were gradually narrowed down. Eventually, the QTL region was delimited to a 1.7 kb region containing a single gene.
Osteogenic Factor Runx2 Marks a Subset of Leptin Receptor-Positive Cells that Sit Atop the Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Hierarchy
Authors: Yang Mengyu , Arai Atsushi , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Hiraga Toru , Lijuan Zhao , Ito Susumu , Komori Toshihisa , Moriishi Takeshi , Matsuo Koichi , Shimoda Kouji , Zahalka Ali H. , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Takahashi Naoyuki , Mizoguchi Toshihide
Published: July 2017

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (BM-MSPCs) maintain homeostasis of bone tissue by providing osteoblasts. Although several markers have been identified for labeling of MSPCs, these labeled cells still contain non-BM-MSPC populations. Studies have suggested that MSPCs are observed as leptin receptor (LepR)-positive cells, whereas osteoblasts can be classified as positive for Runx2, a master regulator for osteoblastogenesis. Here, we demonstrate, using Runx2-GFP reporter mice, that the LepR-labeled population contains Runx2-GFPlow sub-population, which possesses higher fibroblastic colony-forming units (CFUs) and mesensphere capacity, criteria for assessing stem cell activity, than the Runx2-GFP− population. In response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), a bone anabolic hormone, LepR+Runx2-GFPlow cells increase Runx2 expression and form multilayered structures near the bone surface. Subsequently, the multilayered cells express Osterix and Type I collagen α, resulting in generation of mature osteoblasts. Therefore, our results indicate that Runx2 is weakly expressed in the LepR+ population without osteoblastic commitment, and the LepR+Runx2-GFPlow stromal cells sit atop the BM stromal hierarchy.
Polyhydroxamicalkanoate as a bioinspired acetylcholinesterase-based catalyst for acetylthiocholine hydrolysis and organophosphorus dephosphorylation: experimental studies and theoretical insights
Authors: Sgobbi Livia F. , Zibordi-Besse Larissa , Rodrigues Bruno V. M. , Razzino Claudia A. , Da Silva Juarez L. F. , Machado Sergio A. S.
Published: July 2017

A biomimetic polymer revealed a acetylcholinesterase-based performance.
Solid state emissive organic fluorophores with remarkable broad color tunability based on aryl-substituted buta-1,3-diene as the central core
Authors: Bera Manas Kumar , Chakraborty Chanchal , Malik Sudip
Published: July 2017

Multicolor emissive organic solid fluorophores have been developed using a novel molecular building block that is highly effective in reducing intermolecular interaction in a condensed phase.
Determination of pharmaceuticals in freshwater sediments using ultrasonic-assisted extraction with SPE clean-up and HPLC-DAD or LC-ESI-MS/MS detection
Authors: Al-Khazrajy Omar S. A. , Boxall Alistair B. A.
Published: July 2017

A robust and sensitive analytical method is presented for the extraction and determination of six pharmaceuticals in freshwater sediments.
A label-free fluorescence nanosensor for the determination of adrenaline based on graphene quantum dots
Authors: Wang Mengke , Li Yan , Wang Lei , Su Xingguang
Published: July 2017

A label-free and simple fluorescence nanosensor for the determination of adrenaline based on graphene quantum dots.
Autocatalytic dioxygen activation to produce an iron(v)-oxo complex without any reductants
Authors: Sankaralingam Muniyandi , Lee Yong-Min , Lu Xiaoyan , Vardhaman Anil Kumar , Nam Wonwoo , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: July 2017

An iron(v)-oxo complex with a tetraamido macrocyclic ligand, [(TAML)FeV(O)]−, was produced by reacting [(TAML)FeIII]− with dioxygen without any electron source in acetone at 298 K.
Increasing p-type dye sensitised solar cell photovoltages using polyoxometalates
Authors: El Moll Hani , Black Fiona A. , Wood Christopher J. , Al-Yasari Ahmed , Reddy Marri Anil , Sazanovich Igor V. , Gibson Elizabeth A. , Fielden John
Published: July 2017

Lindqvist polyoxometalates increase p-DSSC VOC by up to 140%, through a combination of retarded recombination, valence band shift and screening.
BN nanoflake quantum-dot arrays: structural stability, and electronic and half-metallic properties
Authors: Hu R. , Zhang Z. H. , Fan Z. Q.
Published: July 2017

One-dimensional arrays constructed by triangular h-BN nanoflakes are studied. It is found that the linking manner plays a crucial role in electronic and half-metallic properties and the traversed electric field further enhances half-metallicity.
Temperature and composition dependent phase transitions of lead-free piezoelectric (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–BaTiO3 thin films
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Luo Jin , Sun Wei , Li Jing-Feng
Published: July 2017

Composition and temperature dependent transitions of structure and properties of BNT–BT films were discussed and a phase diagram was proposed.
Surface chemistry and stability of metastable corundum-type In2O3
Authors: Köck Eva-Maria , Kogler Michaela , Zhuo Chen , Schlicker Lukas , Bekheet Maged F. , Doran Andrew , Gurlo Aleksander , Penner Simon
Published: July 2017

Highly correlated surface- and electrochemical characterization is linked to the metastability of rh-In2O3for explanation of sensing and catalytic properties.
A three-state model for the photo-Fries rearrangement
Authors: Toldo Josene M. , Barbatti Mario , Gonçalves Paulo F. B.
Published: July 2017

Photo-Fries rearrangement plays a central role in synthesis, but it is still unclear how it works. A three-state model can explain it.
Copper-catalyzed direct amination of the superficial graphenic domains of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Abdelkader Fernández Victor K. , Melguizo Manuel , García Gallarín Celeste , López de la Torre M. Dolores , Gutiérrez Valero M. Dolores , Martínez Alonso Amelia , Domingo García María , López Garzón F. Javier , Pérez Mendoza Manuel
Published: July 2017

This paper reports copper-catalyzed direct functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polyamines.
White phosphorus derived PdAu–P ternary alloy for efficient methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Li Tongfei , Wang Yi , Tang Yizhou , Xu Lin , Si Ling , Fu Gengtao , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen
Published: July 2017

Ternary PdAu–P electrocatalysts are obtained by a novel white-phosphorus derived reduction method, exhibiting an excellent electrocatalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation.
Enhancement of the lithium ion conductivity of Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 by incorporation of calcium
Authors: El-Shinawi Hany , Cussen Edmund J. , Corr Serena A.
Published: July 2017

Fast ion conducting garnet materials have been identified as promising electrolytes for all solid-state batteries.
Biomolecule-mediated hydrothermal synthesis of polyoxoniobate–CdS nanohybrids with enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen production and RhB degradation
Authors: Liu Meiying , Chen Hong , Zhao Hongmei , He Yunfei , Li Yunhe , Wang Ran , Zhang Lancui , You Wansheng
Published: July 2017

NiS/Nb6–CdS nanohybrid synthesized by a mild l-cystine-mediated hydrothermal strategy demonstrates an enhanced H2-evolution activity under visible light irradiation, which exceeds that of bare CdS by a factor of 39.
Synergistic effect of Au–Ag nano-alloying: intense SEIRA and enhanced catalysis
Authors: Verma Manoj , Newmai M. Boazbou , Senthil Kumar P.
Published: July 2017

The mild reducing agent, PVP, synergistically decreases the diffusion activation energy of the metal precursors, facilitating the formation of homogenous AuAg alloy nanohybrid system; their structure-property functional relationship and enhanced applications are duly established.
Selective phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone over alkali–metal-promoted Pd/TiO2 in aqueous media
Authors: Zhou Hu , Han Bingbing , Liu Tianzhu , Zhong Xing , Zhuang Guilin , Wang Jianguo
Published: July 2017

High conversion of phenol and high selectivity of cyclohexanone could be achieved by using alkali–metal-promoted Pd/TiO2 catalysts under mild conditions.
Rapid, label-free CD4 testing using a smartphone compatible device
Authors: Kanakasabapathy Manoj Kumar , Pandya Hardik J. , Draz Mohamed Shehata , Chug Manjyot Kaur , Sadasivam Magesh , Kumar Shreya , Etemad Behzad , Yogesh Vinish , Safavieh Mohammadali , Asghar Waseem , Li Jonathan Z. , Tsibris Athe M. , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Shafiee Hadi
Published: July 2017

A smartphone-based CD4 counter.
Probing the formation of supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic N-methyl glycine and N,N dimethyl β-alanine derivatives
Authors: Cutrone Nicole M. , Dorilio Jessica R. , Hurley Sara K. , Pajovich Harrison T. , Smith Andrew M. , Banerjee Ipsita A.
Published: July 2017

Supramolecular assemblies were prepared using new amphiphilic dervivatives ofN-methyl gylcine andN,Ndimethyl-β-alanine.
A simple method to freely adjust the crystalline phase and micro-morphology of NixPy compounds
Authors: Lu Shaoxiang , Xu Hanghui , Gao Bingying , Ren Lili
Published: July 2017

Different crystalline phase of NixPy compounds with different morphology were successfully fabricated via a hydrothermal method assisted by urea.
Augmenting the catalytic performance of spinel nanoferrites (CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) via incorporation of Al into the lattice
Authors: Goyal Ankita , Bansal S. , Chudasama B. , Tikoo K. B. , Kumar V. , Singhal Sonal
Published: July 2017

Augmentation in the catalytic performance via incorporation of Al3+ ions into the lattice of spinel nanoferrites owing to the synergistic interactions among the metal ions present in the surface exposed catalytically active octahedral sites.
Morphological and in vitro evaluation of programmed cell death in MCF-7 cells by new organoruthenium(ii) complexes
Authors: Devagi G. , Reyhaneh F. , Dallemer F. , Jayakumar R. , Kalaivani P. , Prabhakaran R.
Published: July 2017

Cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(ii) thiosemicarbazone complexes with the formula [Ru(η5-C5H5)(Ac-tsc)PPh3]·Cl (1), [Ru(η5-C5H5)(Ac-mtsc)PPh3]·Cl (2), [Ru(η5-C5H5)(Ac-etsc)PPh3]·Cl (3) and [Ru(η5-C5H5)(Ac-ptsc)PPh3] (4) were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (1H NMR,13C NMR, IR and UV-vis).
Physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of carbon dots in grilled fish
Authors: Bi Jingran , Li Yao , Wang Haitao , Song Yukun , Cong Shuang , Li Dongmei , Zhou Dayong , Zhu Bei-Wei , Tan Mingqian
Published: July 2017

Fluorescent CDs with good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity are extracted from grilled pike eel, which are used for bio-imaging.
Selective construction of polycyclic spirooxindoles via a Cu(OTf)2/HOTf-catalyzed domino reaction of o-arylalkynylacetophenones and 3-phenacylideneoxindoles
Authors: Yang Ren-Yin , Sun Jing , Sun Qiu , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: July 2017

Under the combined catalysis of Cu(OTf)2/HOTf, the domino annulation reaction ofo-arylalkynyl acetophenones with 3-phenacylideneoxindoles in refluxing acetonitrile selectively afforded functionalized spiro[indoline-3,7′-tetrapheno[7,6-bc]furans].
Chiral squaramide-catalysed enantioselective Michael/cyclization cascade reaction of 3-hydroxyoxindoles with α,β-unsaturated N-acylated succinimides
Authors: Ming Sheng , Zhao Bo-Liang , Du Da-Ming
Published: July 2017

A squaramide-catalysed asymmetric Michael/cyclization cascade reaction of 3-hydroxyoxindoles with α,β-unsaturated N-acylated succinimides afforded spirooxindole lactones in good yields with high stereoselectivities.
A one-pot, metal-free approach to bicyclic 2-pyridones
Authors: Ruchirawat Somsak , Disadee Wannaporn
Published: July 2017

A practical one-pot process based on two-fold intramolecular cyclizations provides a more expedient entry into a variety of bicyclic 2-pyridones.
Solvent effects on the excited state characteristics of adenine–thymine base pairs
Authors: Saha S. , Quiney H. M.
Published: July 2017

A systematic analysis of the excited state characteristics of the DNA base pair adenine–thymine in stacked and Watson–Crick hydrogen bonded configurations has been carried out in this study.
Non-stoichiometric carbon-coated LiFexPO4as cathode materials for high-performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Feng Ying , Gu Junjie , Yu Feng , Lin Chunfu , Zhang Jinli , Nie Ning , Li Wei
Published: July 2017

This work first discloses the evolution of lattice parameters of the non-stoichiometric lithium iron phosphate crystals.
Highly permeable ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4)/CuO composite membrane for CO2separation
Authors: Park Young Sung , Ha Chaeyeon , Kang Sang Wook
Published: July 2017

An ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4)/CuO composite was prepared for CO2transport membranes.
Research on cellulose nanocrystals produced from cellulose sources with various polymorphs
Authors: Gong Jie , Li Jun , Xu Jun , Xiang Zhouyang , Mo Lihuan
Published: July 2017

Properties of CNCs obtained from cellulose with various polymorphs were investigated and compared.
Damping mechanism and theoretical model of electrorheological elastomers
Authors: Niu Chenguang , Dong Xufeng , Qi Min
Published: July 2017

The damping mechanism of EREs is investigated and a theoretical model is established to simulate the damping capacity of EREs.
Bijels formed by direct mixing
Authors: Cai Dongyu , Clegg Paul S. , Li Tao , Rumble Katherine A. , Tavacoli Joe W.
Published: July 2017

By combining interfacial nanoparticles and molecular surfactants together with immiscible liquids of high viscosity, we develop an alternative strategy for creating bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels).
Patterned surface anchoring of nematic droplets at miscible liquid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Zhou Ye , Kim Young-Ki , Miller Daniel S. , Zhang Rui , Martinez-Gonzalez Jose A. , Bukusoglu Emre , Zhang Bo , Brown Thaddeus M. , de Pablo Juan J. , Abbott Nicholas L.
Published: July 2017

The internal configurations assumed by nematic liquid crystal droplets at glycerol–water interfaces can be polymerized, leading to polymeric Janus particles.
Poynting and reverse Poynting effects in soft materials
Authors: Horgan C. O. , Murphy J. G.
Published: July 2017

The theory of hyperelasticity based on nonlinear continuum mechanics is used to analyze positive and negative Poynting effects in anisotropic soft fibrous materials.
A homeotropic main-chain tolane-type liquid crystal elastomer film exhibiting high anisotropic thermal conductivity
Authors: Ge Si-Jia , Zhao Ti-Peng , Wang Meng , Deng Lin-Lin , Lin Bao-Ping , Zhang Xue-Qin , Sun Ying , Yang Hong , Chen Er-Qiang
Published: July 2017

Homeotropic aligned main-chain tolane-type liquid crystal elastomer films with high normal-to-plane thermal conductivity and high thermal conductivity anisotropy are described.
Design principles of perovskites for solar-driven thermochemical splitting of CO2
Authors: Ezbiri Miriam , Takacs Michael , Stolz Boris , Lungthok Jeffrey , Steinfeld Aldo , Michalsky Ronald
Published: July 2017

Highly attractive and versatile metal oxides for thermo- and electrochemical fuel synthesis, perovskites are designed by balancing the redox thermodynamics for thermochemical spitting of CO2 into separate streams of CO and O2.
Surfactant-free porous nano-Mn3O4 as a recyclable Fenton-like reagent that can rapidly scavenge phenolics without H2O2
Authors: Weng Zhenzhang , Li Jie , Weng Yali , Feng Miao , Zhuang Zanyong , Yu Yan
Published: July 2017

Porous nano-Mn3O4 from one-pot synthesis is preferred as an efficient and recyclable Fenton-like reagent to rapidly scavenge phenolics without H2O2.
Oxygen activity and peroxide formation as charge compensation mechanisms in Li2MnO3
Authors: Marusczyk Anika , Albina Jan-Michael , Hammerschmidt Thomas , Drautz Ralf , Eckl Thomas , Henkelman Graeme
Published: July 2017

Over-lithiated transition metal oxides are currently the most promising high energy cathode materials. DFT calculations show that Li2MnO3 becomes increasingly unstable upon delithiation and experiences a driving force for either oxygen release from the surface or peroxide formation in the bulk. Both mechanisms are shown to be detrimental for the electrochemistry.
Designed construction of yolk–shell structured trimanganese tetraoxide nanospheres via polar solvent-assisted etching and biomass-derived activated porous carbon materials for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Nagaraju Goli , Sekhar S. Chandra , Rama Raju G. Seeta , Bharat L. Krishna , Yu Jae Su
Published: July 2017

Yolk–shell structured Mn3O4 nanospheres and biomass-derived activated carbon materials were prepared for use in high energy storage asymmetric supercapacitors.
Fluorinated carbon fiber as a novel nanocarrier for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Sun Lu , Gong Peiwei , Liu Xicheng , Pang Minghui , Tian Meng , Chen Jinyu , Du Jiuyao , Liu Zhe
Published: July 2017

We report a novel strategy to synthesize nanosized water-soluble fluorinated carbon fiber oxide (FCO) that doubles as an effective photothermal agent and a high cargo payload platform for an anticancer drug.
Near-infrared fluorescent probes for the detection of glutathione and their application in the fluorescence imaging of living cells and tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Lee Dayoung , Jeong Keunsoo , Luo Xiao , Kim Gayoung , Yang Youjun , Chen Xiaoqiang , Kim Sehoon , Yoon Juyoung
Published: July 2017

We present two new cyanine-based NIR fluorescent probes for imaging GSH in living cells and tumor-bearing mice.
Nanocomposites of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals in an ammonium bromide framework with enhanced stability
Authors: Lou Sunqi , Xuan Tongtong , Yu Caiyan , Cao Mengmeng , Xia Chao , Wang Jing , Li Huili
Published: July 2017

The CsPbBr3@NH4Br nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through ion exchange. The nanocomposites possessed a special core@shell structure and exhibited a high absolute PLQY, long lifetime, good water resistance and excellent thermal stability.
Regulation of intra- and intermolecular Pt–Pt and π–π interactions of a U-shaped diplatinum complex to achieve pseudo-polymorphic emissions in solution and crystalline states
Authors: Gong Zhong-Liang , Zhong Yu-Wu , Yao Jiannian
Published: July 2017

Pseudo-polymorphic emissions of a U-shaped di-[Pt(NCN)] complex were achieved in crystalline and solution states by regulating the intramolecular conformation (open or closed) and intermolecular stacking mode (with or without Pt–Pt interaction).
The Effect of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Methylphenidate Treatment on the Adult Auditory Temporal Order Judgment Threshold
Authors: Fostick Leah
Published: July 2017

Purpose

TheDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Editionnotes that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood will persist into adulthood among at least some individuals. There is a paucity of evidence, however, regarding whether other difficulties that often accompany childhood ADHD will also continue into adulthood, specifically auditory processing deficits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ADHD and the stimulant medication methylphenidate on auditory perception performance among adults.

Method

A total of 33 adults diagnosed with ADHD according toDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Editioncriteria (ADHD group) and 48 adults without ADHD (non-ADHD group) performed an auditory temporal order judgment task. Participants with ADHD performed the task twice: with and without taking methylphenidate (Ritalin), in random order.

Results

Temporal order judgment thresholds of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the non-ADHD group. Methylphenidate significantly decreased temporal order judgment thresholds within the ADHD group, making their performance similar to the non-ADHD participants.

Conclusions

Auditory processing difficulties of those diagnosed with ADHD seem to persist into adulthood. Similar to findings with children, methylphenidate treatment improves performance on tasks requiring this ability among adults. Therefore, given the association between auditory temporal processing and linguistic skills, the beneficial effect of methylphenidate on adults' academic achievement may be accomplished by positively affecting auditory temporal processing. Further studies in this line of research are needed.
Synthesis of O-Aroyl-N,N-dimethylhydroxylamines through
Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Amination of Carboxylic Acids with N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Li Dong , Zhang Chuancheng , Yue Qiang , Xiao Zhen , Wang Xianglan , Zhang Qian
Published: July 2017

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of O-aroyl-N,N-dimethylhydroxylamines, which are important electrophilic amination reagents, is described. The reaction between carboxylic acids and N,N-dimethylformamide is mediated by hypervalent iodine and occurs under mild conditions at room temperature to give the desired products in good yields. The process shows good functional group compatibility and air and moisture tolerance.
tert-Butyl Hypochlorite Induced Cyclization of Ethyl 2-(N-Aryl­carbamoyl)-2-iminoacetates
Authors: Li Ying , Yu Wei , Li Dianjun
Published: July 2017

Ethyl 2-(N-arylcarbamoyl)-2-iminoacetates can be transformed into the corresponding quinoxalin-2-ones in high yield by using the oxidation system of tert-butyl hypochlorite, tetrabutylammonium iodide and tetrabutylammonium chloride. Oxygen exhibits a beneficial effect on the reaction. The reaction is proposed to follow an iminyl radical cyclization mechanism where azaspirocyclohexadienylperoxyl radical is formed as a key intermediate. The quinoxalin-2-one is derived from the azaspirocyclohexadienylperoxyl radical via concurrent oxygen extrusion and rearrangement.
Balintarbeit und ‚die Gefühle‘ – Phänomenologische Überlegungen zum Begriff der Gefühle in der Arbeit von Balintgruppen
Authors: Langewitz Wolf , Grossheim Michael
Published: July 2017

Viele Fallbeispiele in der Balintarbeit haben eine gemeinsame Problemstellung: Habe ich so stimmig kommuniziert, dass ich eine tragfähige Arzt-Patient-Beziehung ermöglicht habe? In diesem Artikel wird ausgehend von einem Konsil bei einer todkranken Patientin und ihrem Ehemann aus der Sicht der Neuen Phänomenologie beschrieben, in welcher Art uns Gefühle begegnen und wie sie dazu beitragen können, ein Miteinander zu etablieren. Typische Probleme bei der Arbeit mit Gefühlen werden benannt: Probleme, sie eindeutig zu beschreiben, die Neigung, ihnen eine Ursache zu unterlegen und ihnen eine Richtung zuzuschreiben (z. B.: „A ist enttäuscht von B wegen …“). Gefühle werden als Atmosphären im Raum dargestellt, die leiblich ergreifen und zunächst ohne Zuordnung in ihrer phänomenologischen Breite und Tiefe gewürdigt werden. Die Liebe wird als ein Beispiel eines nicht notwendig gerichteten Gefühls vorgestellt. Balintarbeit im Allgemeinen und das Aufgreifen von Gefühlen im Besonderen entspricht dem Umgang mit Situationen, die in der Neuen Phänomenologie den Konstellationen (von Einzelnem) gegenübergestellt werden und sich durch ihre chaotische Fülle an Sachverhalten, Programmen und Problemen auszeichnen, die so reich ist, dass sie sich nie vollständig explizieren lässt. Fallarbeit ist primär chaotisch, sie führt in eine Situation und nicht in eine Konstellation tatsächlicher Sachverhalte. Der Flash-Begriff von Enid Balint ist ein Beispiel für das Schöpfen eines lebhaften Eindrucks aus dem Chaotischen, nicht vorhersehbar, nicht planbar und im Einzelnen nicht zu begründen. Das Flash-Phänomen erinnert an den Ersten Eindruck von einem anderen Menschen, der diesen in einem bestimmten Licht erscheinen lässt, wobei man sich seiner Vorstellung vom Anderen sehr sicher sein kann, ohne im Einzelnen angeben zu können, wie man zu dieser Einschätzung kommt.
Infektionen als Ursache für Fieber unklarer Genese
Authors: Salzberger Bernd , Birkenfeld Gabriele , Iberer Michael , Hitzenbichler Florian
Published: July 2017

Fever of unexplained (or unknown) origin (FUO) remains a relevant clinical problem even with modern diagnostic methods. In addition to the classical definition, new categories of FUO describe different clinical situations: nosocomial FUO, FUO in neutropenic/immundeficient patients and FUO in patients with HIV-infection. The new categories are defined by much shorter duration of fever, i. e. mostly three days. Each category of FUO shows a different spectrum of infectious diseases. Often, subacute bacterial endocarditis is very difficult to verify. In many cases, patients in intensive care suffer from FUO caused by reactivation of CMV. In patients with HIV the most important diagnostic indicator concerning the origin of infection is the degree of immundeficiency. Biological and nuclear medical (PET-CT) verification procedures have been established in diagnostics. A national or international register should be created with the purpose of data transfer and validation of strategies concerning the treatment of FUO.
Wie kann eine Balintsitzung in ein Wahlfach für Medizinstudierende sinnvoll integriert werden? Ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Deinzer Anja , Bründl Max , Leyk Angelika , Kühlein Thomas
Published: July 2017

Der Lehrstuhl für Allgemeinmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg beschäftigt sich mit der Frage wie Medizinstudenten die praktische Bedeutung der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung verstehbar gemacht werden kann. Im Rahmen des Wahlfaches „Anamnesetraining“ wurde Medizinstudierenden das Angebot gemacht an einer Balintsitzung teilzunehmen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Balintsitzung mit den Studierenden von externen Balintgruppenleiterinnen abgehalten. Von den Erfahrungen mit diesem Projekt wird aus mehreren Perspektiven berichtet: der eines studentischen Teilnehmers, eines ärztlichen Teilnehmers, einer Balintgruppenleiterin und der Organisatorin des Kurses.

Zielsetzung der Überlegungen ist es, ein Format einer Balintsitzung als Lehrangebot zu entwickeln, das den Bedürfnissen der Studierenden entgegen kommt.
Ernährungstherapie bei Diabetes
Authors: Bosy-Westphal Anja , Fieres-Keller Friederike , Müller Manfred
Published: July 2017

Nutritional therapy of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is based on a healthy balanced diet that is complemented by evidenced based guidelines for nutritional counselling of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Dietary recommendations are further individualized based on medication (i. e. for prevention of hypoglycemia) and according to personal preferences (e. g. regarding macronutrient composition). Avoidance of long-term complications and improvement of prognosis are main objectives of nutritional therapy in the vulnerable group of patients with diabetes. In normal weight patients with type 1 diabetes, optimal glycemic control is the major target of counselling. In patients with type 2 diabetes, reduction of cardiovascular risk is also in the focus of therapy. In contrast to non-diabetic patients the treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes not only requires lowering of LDL cholesterol by limitation of saturated fat intake but also needs a strategy for reduction of triglyceride levels. Both therapeutic aims can be best achieved by a high fiber low glycemic load diet with a high proportion of oleic acid.
Reducing secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline vehicle exhaust
Authors: Zhao Yunliang , Saleh Rawad , Saliba Georges , Presto Albert A. , Gordon Timothy D. , Drozd Greg T. , Goldstein Allen H. , Donahue Neil M. , Robinson Allen L.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major component of atmospheric fine particles, which pose serious health risks and influence Earth’s climate. We combine laboratory measurements and computational modeling to investigate SOA formation from gasoline vehicle exhaust—an important source of air pollution in urban environments. We find a strong dependence of SOA formation from gasoline vehicle exhaust on oxides of nitrogen (NO
x
) concentrations. Our results suggest that changing atmospheric NO
x
levels over the next two decades will likely dramatically reduce the effectiveness of stricter new gasoline vehicle emissions standards to lower SOA concentrations in Los Angeles and other urban areas.
Heat exchange between a bouncing drop and a superhydrophobic substrate
Authors: Shiri Samira , Bird James C.
Published: July 2017

Significance

A superhydrophobic surface can be so water repellent that a drop can bounce off the surface in milliseconds. By measuring the thermal interaction between a superhydrophobic substrate and a heated or cooled drop, we demonstrate that the contact time is short enough that only a small fraction of potential heat is transferred, and, counterintuitively, smaller drops transfer a larger fraction of their potential heat than larger drops despite contacting the surface for less time. Our results indicate that birds with superhydrophobic feathers will be warmer in cold rain than those with feathers on which drops stick, and we envision that a better understanding of these mechanisms can inspire the design of superhydrophobic materials to control heat exchange.
Hypocretin (orexin) is critical in sustaining theta/gamma-rich waking behaviors that drive sleep need
Authors: Vassalli Anne , Franken Paul
Published: July 2017

Significance

As in narcolepsy patients, overall time spent awake and asleep is normal in mice lacking the wake-enhancing neuromodulator hypocretin/orexin. We discovered, however, that these mice, in baseline conditions, are impaired in maintaining theta-dominated wakefulness (TDW), a waking substate characteristic of goal-driven, explorative behaviors and associated with heightened θ/fast-γ activity. We demonstrate that TDW instability causes profound blunting of EEG δ activity in subsequent slow-wave sleep, a measure gauging homeostatic sleep need. In contrast, manually enforced waking induced unimpaired TDW expression and normal δ activity in recovery sleep. This suggests that TDW, not overall waking, drives sleep need, a hypothesis we verified by modeling the homeostatic process. We propose that Hcrt is critical for spontaneous waking but that enforced waking relies on other neuromodulators, such as norepinephrine.
Evolutionary strata on young mating-type chromosomes despite the lack of sexual antagonism
Authors: Branco Sara , Badouin Hélène , Rodríguez de la Vega Ricardo C. , Gouzy Jérôme , Carpentier Fantin , Aguileta Gabriela , Siguenza Sophie , Brandenburg Jean-Tristan , Coelho Marco A. , Hood Michael E. , Giraud Tatiana
Published: July 2017

Significance

Sex chromosomes can display divergent evolution, as seen in humans, in which the Y chromosome underlying maleness is smaller and contains much less information than the X chromosome. The differentiation between sex chromosomes can occur stepwise along their length, which is thought to result from the successive beneficial linkage of genes with different phenotype optima in the two sexes to sex-determining genes. However, there is little evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we recovered ancestral chromosome structures and gathered evidence for stepwise differentiation between fungal mating-type chromosomes despite the absence of male/female roles. Our results suggest that the analogous features of sex chromosomes may not be due to differences in selection between males and females.
Nanophotonics-enabled solar membrane distillation for off-grid water purification
Authors: Dongare Pratiksha D. , Alabastri Alessandro , Pedersen Seth , Zodrow Katherine R. , Hogan Nathaniel J. , Neumann Oara , Wu Jinjian , Wang Tianxiao , Deshmukh Akshay , Elimelech Menachem , Li Qilin , Nordlander Peter , Halas Naomi J.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Current desalination technologies provide solutions to the increasing water demands of the planet but require substantial electric energy, limiting their sustainable use where conventional power infrastructure may be unavailable. Here, we report a direct solar method for desalination that utilizes nanoparticle-assisted solar vaporization in a membrane distillation geometry. This scalable process is capable of providing sufficient clean water for family use in a compact footprint, potentially for off-grid desalination at remote locations.
The Red Queen and King in finite populations
Authors: Veller Carl , Hayward Laura K. , Hilbe Christian , Nowak Martin A.
Published: July 2017

Significance

When two populations interact, when does it pay to evolve rapidly, and can it ever be an advantage to evolve slowly? We address these questions using evolutionary game theory. In antagonistic interactions (e.g., host–parasite), we find that faster evolution by any means is beneficial—the “Red Queen” effect. In certain mutualisms, slower evolution is favored in the long run. This “Red King” effect is driven by differences in how efficiently natural selection acts in the two populations, rather than by differences in their generation times or mutation rates. Our results clarify the role of evolutionary rate in symbiont evolution.
How selective severing by katanin promotes order in the plant cortical microtubule array
Authors: Deinum Eva E. , Tindemans Simon H. , Lindeboom Jelmer J. , Mulder Bela M.
Published: July 2017

Significance

The plant cortical microtubule array is a dynamic self-organizing structure that controls the mechanics of plant growth by guiding the deposition of wall material, and is required for asymmetric cell growth, the basis for plant morphogenesis. The array is acentrosomal, i.e., its self-organization is a distributed process. Acentrosomal microtubule arrays are also present in animals, e.g., in the basal cortex of polarized epithelial cells and fertilized
Xenopus
eggs. Microtubule-severing enzyme katanin is essential for normal array organization and its response to internal and external stimuli. Here, we formally identify the requirements for microtubule ordering through katanin action, including one previously unknown. This understanding provides access to the adaptive control of cell wall structure and plant growth and development.
Role of the CBP catalytic core in intramolecular SUMOylation and control of histone H3 acetylation
Authors: Park Sangho , Stanfield Robyn L. , Martinez-Yamout Maria A. , Dyson H. Jane , Wilson Ian A. , Wright Peter E.
Published: July 2017

Significance

CREB-binding protein (CBP) and its paralog p300 play a vital role in regulating gene transcription. Through the enzymatic activity of their histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain, CBP and p300 control the accessibility of genes in chromatin and activate transcription. They also function as transcriptional repressors following SUMOylation of the cell cycle regulatory domain 1 (CRD1) located N-terminal to the catalytic core. We present structural and biochemical results showing that the CBP bromodomain, CH2, and ZZ domains, which flank the acetyltransferase domain, regulate acetyltransferase activity and also promote SUMOylation of the adjacent CRD1 cell cycle regulatory domain. This study provides insights into the function of the catalytic core and the role of adjacent domains and a disordered regulatory loop in mediating CBP/p300 activity.
How members of the human gut microbiota overcome the sulfation problem posed by glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Cartmell Alan , Lowe Elisabeth C. , Baslé Arnaud , Firbank Susan J. , Ndeh Didier A. , Murray Heath , Terrapon Nicolas , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Czjzek Mirjam , Gilbert Harry J. , Bolam David N.
Published: July 2017

Significance

The major nutrients available to the human microbiota are complex carbohydrates. Host glycans are important to this microbial community, particularly when dietary carbohydrates are scarce. The host glycans heparin and heparan sulfate are high-priority carbohydrates for
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
, a member of the human microbiota. The degradation of these complex carbohydrates is challenging, reflecting their highly variable sulfation patterns. How bacteria have adapted to depolymerize the myriad of substructures of this important class of glycosaminoglycan is unknown. Here, we show how enzyme consortia, displaying complementary functions, target the different features of these host glycans. Structural data reveal that the acidic groups of the glycans are key specificity determinants for enzymes and binding proteins that make up the degradative apparatus.
PI3K-p110α mediates the oncogenic activity induced by loss of the novel tumor suppressor PI3K-p85α
Authors: Thorpe Lauren M. , Spangle Jennifer M. , Ohlson Carolynn E. , Cheng Hailing , Roberts Thomas M. , Cantley Lewis C. , Zhao Jean J.
Published: July 2017

Significance

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway hyperactivation is a common event in cancer, and understanding alterations in this pathway is critical. Recently, the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K has come into focus as a novel pathway component targeted in cancers. We find that decreased p85α contributes to transformation of in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. We provide evidence that partial loss of p85α increases the binding of p110α–p85 signaling complexes to activated receptors, thereby augmenting PI3K pathway output. Our findings indicate that p85α loss may be transforming in any context where PI3K is activated. Additionally, they implicate a role for monomeric free p85 as a negative regulator of PI3K signaling.
Subunit-specific role for the amino-terminal domain of AMPA receptors in synaptic targeting
Authors: Díaz-Alonso Javier , Sun Yujiao J. , Granger Adam J. , Levy Jonathan M. , Blankenship Sabine M. , Nicoll Roger A.
Published: July 2017

Significance

It is generally accepted that trafficking of AMPA receptors underlies synaptic enhancement during long-term potentiation, a cellular model for learning and memory. The role of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of AMPA receptors in trafficking has been extensively studied. Here we show that the extracellular amino-terminal domain (ATD) plays a critical role in subunit-specific trafficking. The ATD of GluA1, but not GluA2, is required for the translocation of surface GluA1 homomers to the synapse and this requirement is maintained in GluA1A2 heteromeric receptors. How the GluA1 ATD engages the synaptic cleft proteins remains to be elucidated.