bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal-tagging Photoacoustic Remote Sensing Flowmetry
Authors: Lu Yun , Sun Yunxu , Shen Zhousheng , Xu Xiaochuan , Ma Ting , Peng Chang , Li Fenfang , Ning Chengqing , Wang Jiawei , Liu Zhengjun , Xu Lingji , Liu Wei
Published: January 2024

Ultrasound coupling is one of the critical challenges for the traditional photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) microscopy (PAM) technique transferred to the clinical examinations of chronic wounds and open tissues. A promising alternative potential solution for breaking the limitation of ultrasound coupling in PAM is photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS), which implements all-optical non-interferometric photoacoustic measurements. Functional imaging of PARS microscopy was demonstrated from the aspects of histopathology and oxygen metabolism, while its performance in hemodynamic quantification remains unexplored. In this work, we present an all-optical thermal-tagging flowmetry approach for PARS microscopy and demonstrate it with comprehensive mathematical modelling and ex vivo and in vivo experimental validations. Proof-of-concept experimental results demonstrated that the measurable range of blood flow speed was from 0 to 12 mm/s with a high accuracy (±1.2%) at 10-kHz laser pulse repetition rate. The proposed all-optical thermal-tagging flowmetry offers an effective alternative approach for PARS microscopy realizing non-contact dye-free hemodynamic imaging.
Full-Stokes metasurface polarimetry requiring only a single measurement
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Hui , Liu Jingyu , Wang Mengguang , Zang Huaping , Zhang Yan , Yao Jianquan
Published: January 2024

Polarization is crucial in various fields such as imaging, sensing, and substance detection. A compact, fast, and accurate polarization detection device is vital for these applications. Herein, we demonstrate a multifocus metalens for terahertz polarization detection that requires only a single measurement to obtain complete polarization parameters and reconstruct the polarization state of the incident field. The individual subarrays of this metalens convert each of the six polarized components into the same polarization, which in turn links the Stokes parameters to these six foci. The incident linear polarizations and elliptical polarizations are characterized by Stokes parameters and polarization ellipses. Simulations and experimental results show that the scheme can accurately detect the incident polarization with a single measurement. The proposed metasurface polarimetry may find applications in the fields of real-time terahertz detection and integrated optics.
Silicon photonic integrated interrogator for fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Jin Zhicheng , Chen Jiageng , Chang Yanming , Liu Qingwen , He Zuyuan
Published: January 2024

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology has been a promising tool in various applications. Currently, the large size and relatively high cost of DAS equipment composed of discrete devices restrict its further popularization to some degree, and the photonic integration technology offers a potential solution. In this paper, we demonstrate an integrated interrogator for DAS on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The design of the chip revolves around a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) transmitter and a dual-quadrature and dual-polarization coherent receiver. The integrated interrogator supports multiple DAS schemes, including the time-gated digital optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR), which is adopted for system performance evaluation. 59 pε/Hz strain resolution in 12.1 km sensing fiber with 1.14 m spatial resolution (SR) is realized. Besides, along 49.0 km sensing fiber, 81 pε/Hz strain resolution with 3.78 m SR is achieved. The results show that the integrated interrogator has comparable performance to the discrete DAS system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dedicated on-chip DAS interrogator, which validates the effectiveness of the blend of photonics integration and DAS technology.
Archetypal analysis of COVID-19 in Montana, USA, March 13, 2020 to April 26, 2022
Authors: Stone Emily , Coombs Sebastian , Landguth Erin
Published: January 2024

Infectious disease data can often involve complex spatial patterns intermixed with temporal trends. Archetypal Analysis is a method to mine complex spatio-temporal data, and can be used to discover the dynamics of spatial patterns. The application of Archetypal Analysis to epidemiological data is relatively new, and here we present one of the first applications on COVID-19 data from March 13, 2020 to April 26, 2022, for the counties of Montana, USA. We present three views of the data set decomposed with Archetypal Analysis. First, we evaluate the entire 56 county data set. Second, we use a mutual information calculation to remove counties whose dynamics are mainly independent from the other counties, reducing the set to 17 counties. Finally, we analyze the top ten counties in terms of population size to focus on the dynamics in the large cities in the state. For each data set, we analyze four significant disease outbreaks across Montana. Archetypal Analysis uncovers distinct spatial patterns for each outbreak and demonstrates that each has a unique trajectory across the state.
Percent body fat was negatively correlated with Testosterone levels in male
Authors: Ma Hailu , Sun Juan , Wu Xueyan , Mao Jiangfeng , Han Qin
Published: January 2024

Background

Lower testosterone levels in men have been consistently associated with metabolic abnormalities, particularly obesity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between testosterone and obesity by analyzing the correlation between testosterone levels and body fat percentage using data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) database.

Methods

The study included a total of 5959 participants from the NHANES 2011–2016. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the association between testosterone levels and body composition parameters, including total percent fat (TPF), android percent fat (APF), gynoid percent fat (GPF), android to gynoid ratio (A/G), and lean mass percent (LMP). Subgroup analyses stratified by sex were conducted using multivariable linear regression. To account for potential non-linear relationships, fitted smoothing curves and generalized additive models were utilized. A separate analysis of participants with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was conducted to validate the conclusions.

Result

Among males, testosterone levels showed a significant negative correlation with TPF (β = -11.97, P <0.0001), APF (β = -9.36, P<0.0001), GPF (β = -10.29, P <0.0001), and A/G (β = -320.93, P<0.0001), while a positive correlation was observed between LMP and testosterone levels (β = 12.62, P<0.0001). In females, a contrasting pattern emerged in the relationship between testosterone and body fat, but no significant correlation was found between testosterone and body composition in obese women.

Conclusions

The findings of this study support a negative association between body fat and testosterone levels in males.
Seatbelts and raincoats, or banks and castles: Investigating the impact of vaccine metaphors
Authors: Flusberg Stephen J. , Mackey Alison , Semino Elena
Published: January 2024

While metaphors are frequently used to address misconceptions and hesitancy about vaccines, it is unclear how effective they are in health messaging. Using a between-subject, pretest/posttest design, we investigated the impact of explanatory metaphors on people’s attitudes toward vaccines. We recruited participants online in the US (N = 301) and asked them to provide feedback on a (fictional) health messaging campaign, which we organized around responses to five common questions about vaccines. All participants completed a 24-item measure of their attitudes towards vaccines before and after evaluating the responses to the five questions. We created three possible response passages for each vaccine question: two included extended explanatory metaphors, and one contained a literal response (i.e., no explanatory metaphors). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either all metaphors or all ‘literal’ responses. They rated each response on several dimensions and then described how they would answer the target question about vaccines if it were posed by a friend. Results showed participants in both conditions rated most messages as being similarly understandable, informative, and persuasive, with a few notable exceptions. Participants in both conditions also exhibited a similar small—but significant—increase in favorable attitudes towards vaccines from pre- to posttest. Notably, participants in the metaphor condition provided longer free-response answers to the question posed by a hypothetical friend, with different metaphors being reused to different extents and in different ways in their responses. Taken together, our findings suggest that: (a) Brief health messaging passages may have the potential to improve attitudes towards vaccines, (b) Metaphors neither enhance nor reduce this attitude effect, (c) Metaphors may be more helpful than literal language in facilitating further social communication about vaccines.
Knowledge through social networks: Accuracy, error, and polarisation
Authors: Hahn Ulrike , Merdes Christoph , von Sydow Momme
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the fundamental problem of testimony. Much of what we believe to know we know in good part, or even entirely, through the testimony of others. The problem with testimony is that we often have very little on which to base estimates of the accuracy of our sources. Simulations with otherwise optimal agents examine the impact of this for the accuracy of our beliefs about the world. It is demonstrated both where social networks of information dissemination help and where they hinder. Most importantly, it is shown that both social networks and a common strategy for gauging the accuracy of our sources give rise to polarisation even for entirely accuracy motivated agents. Crucially these two factors interact, amplifying one another’s negative consequences, and this side effect of communication in a social network increases with network size. This suggests a new causal mechanism by which social media may have fostered the increase in polarisation currently observed in many parts of the world.
Trends in obesity, leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary behavior in Korean adults: Korea national health and nutritional examinations survey from 2014 to 2021
Authors: Han Yunmin , Sung Hoyong , Choi Younghwan , Kim Yeon Soo
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate trends in obesity by dividing it based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference indicators, sedentary behavior, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in Korean adults from 2014 to 2021. This study also aimed to determine the adherence rate of people with obesity to physical activity.

Methods

Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2014 to 2021 were used. A total of 42,676 participants 19 years or older were included in the final analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity levels were recorded. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates was used to investigate the prevalence of obesity and sitting time or adherence to meeting the physical activity guidelines for each survey year.

Results

This study included 42,676 adults. The weighted prevalence of obesity in all ages significantly increased from 30.8% (29.1%-32.5%) in 2014 to 34.5% (32.9%-36.2%) in 2017 and 37.3% (35.5%-39.1%) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.004). The weighted adherence rate to LTPA ranged from 25.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7%-27.2%) in 2014 to 20.5% (95% CI, 18.7%-22.2%) in 2021(p for trend < 0.001). The weighted prevalence of sitting time for 8 h/day or more significantly increased from 46.7% (44.4%-49.0%) in 2014 to 56.2% (54.4%-58.0%) in 2017 and 63% (60.7%-65.3%) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.001). According to this study, the LTPA level among women with obesity was significantly low.

Conclusion

From 2014 to 2021, obesity and sedentary behavior significantly increased and adherence to LTPA decreased among Korean adults. Given these concerning trends, comprehensive interventions are needed at the national level to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Analysing food farming vulnerability in Kalimantan, Indonesia: Determinant factors and adaptation measures
Authors: Estiningtyas Woro , Surmaini Elza , Suciantini  , Susanti Erni , Mulyani Anny , Kartiwa Budi , Sumaryanto  , Perdinan  , Apriyana Yayan , Alifia Annisa Dhienar
Published: January 2024

As a result of plans to relocate the Indonesian capital city to East Kalimantan province, Kalimantan is expected to develop rapidly and the surrounding regencies and provinces will become food support areas for the new capital. However, the vulnerability of food farming in Kalimantan is a concern that must be addressed to ensure food security. This study aims to assess the vulnerability of food farming at the regency level of the island of Kalimantan, to assess the determinant factors of the food farming vulnerability and to compose adaptation measures that can reduce vulnerability. Socio economic, climate, water and land data are sorted and analyzed to represent the level of sensitivity and exposure index (SEI) and adaptive capacity index (ACI). Locations with ‘High’ and ‘Very High’ levels of farming vulnerability become interview sites with a total of 150 respondents. The results of the interviews strengthen the results of the vulnerability analysis which helps to determine the condition of farmers and food farming in vulnerable locations. The results indicated ‘Very High’ and ‘High’ level of vulnerability in 14 regencies/cities. Floods are climate-related disasters that most often affect farmers surveyed (46%), followed by droughts (30%) and pest attacks (24%) with significant impacts (49%). The identification of the determinant factors becomes the basis for adaptive measures to support decision-makers, local practitioners, and farmers by highlighting local challenges and proposing local-specific adaptation strategies.
Fungal chitin-binding glycoprotein induces Dectin-2-mediated allergic airway inflammation synergistically with chitin
Authors: Muraosa Yasunori , Hino Yutaro , Takatsuka Shogo , Watanabe Akira , Sakaida Emiko , Saijo Shinobu , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Yamasaki Sho , Kamei Katsuhiko
Published: January 2024

Although chitin in fungal cell walls is associated with allergic airway inflammation, the precise mechanism underlying this association has yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of fungal chitin-binding protein and chitin in allergic airway inflammation. Recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus LdpA (rLdpA) expressed in Pichia pastoris was shown to be an O-linked glycoprotein containing terminal α-mannose residues recognized by the host C-type lectin receptor, Dectin-2. Chitin particles were shown to induce acute neutrophilic airway inflammation mediated release of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) associated with cell death. Furthermore, rLdpA–Dectin-2 interaction was shown to promote phagocytosis of rLdpA–chitin complex and activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Moreover, we showed that rLdpA potently induced T helper 2 (Th2)-driven allergic airway inflammation synergistically with chitin, and Dectin-2 deficiency attenuated the rLdpA–chitin complex-induced immune response in vivo. In addition, we showed that serum LdpA-specific immunoglobulin levels were elevated in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis.
Architecture of Co-Existence: Building Pluralism, Ed. Azra Akšamija (2020)
Authors: Akcan Esra
Published: January 2024

Review of: Architecture of Co-Existence: Building Pluralism, Ed. Azra Akšamija (2020)

Geneva: Aga Khan Award for Architecture, and Berlin: ArchiTangle, 292 pp., approx. 100 illus.,

ISBN: 978-3-96680-008-2, $45 (hardback)
Reflecting (on) identities: Melliti’s Io, l’altro and Crialese’s Terraferma
Authors: Summerfield Giovanna
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, Sicily has often featured in the headlines since it is the first landing place for those who cross the Mediterranean Sea, braving adversity to escape war, hunger and poverty in their home countries. Mohsen Melliti and Emanuele Crialese, in Io, l’altro (I, the Other) (2007) and Terraferma (2011) respectively, zoom in on the intrinsic duality of Sicilian identity as local inhabitants are forced to question the Other – ironically as outcasts themselves in their own country. They must observe this Other as if seeing their own images in a mirror, a magic device that reflects years of control, struggle, assimilation and reinvention. Using a psychoanalytic theoretical framework to interpret filmic choices, I illustrate how this is represented in the well-orchestrated development of events. Through a series of frames and succinct dialogues, Melliti and Crialese project the refractions of their protagonists on to the dark blue waters of the Mediterranean, underscoring the complex backgrounds of their stories and identities.
Sicily, an Island of Stories: Film Festival Reviews
Authors: Kimbell Susi
Published: January 2024

Review of: Sicily, an Island of Stories: Film Festival Reviews
Synthesis and characterization of ammonium polymer for anion removal in aqueous solutions
Authors: Rahayu Aster , Hakika Dhias Cahya , Amrillah Nafira Alfi Zaini , Veranica Veranica
Published: January 2024

In a one-step thermal process using 2-[(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (META), an ammonium polymer was successfully obtained for the removal of anions (nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates) from aqueous solutions. Ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as a cross-linking agent. The effect of cross-linking agent, porogen, and polymerization time on the structure and physical properties of the obtained polymer was examined (FTIR, SEM, BET, elemental analysis). The optimal conditions for META synthesis were a monomer to porogen ratio of 20:80, 75% functional monomer content and a 12-hour polymerization time.
“Trampa de Fernando Cepeda: arte y vida en el estatuto de seguridad”
Authors: Rueda Fajardo Santiago
Published: January 2024

El VI Salón Atenas de 1980 fue una exposición que privilegió el arte conceptual y de procesos, incluyendo artistas que trabajaban en esas coordenadas en Cali -Alicia Barney-, Barranquilla - Fernando Cepeda, Álvaro Herazo, Sara Modiano-, Medellín —Carlos Echeverry y Ronny Vayda—, con la inclusión en el evento de otros jóvenes de Bogotá que trabajaban en otras coordenadas, -Juanita Pérez, Natalia Rivera y Jaime Silva-.

El Salón tenía lugar justo después de la antológica instalación  Grano de Miguel Ángel Rojas, que se había presentado en el sótano del mam en octubre.

Álvaro Herazo, en reemplazo de Fernando Cepeda, participó en la obra de este último titulada Trampa, un performance consistente en encerrarse durante 48 horas en una celda protegida con una barricada de alambre de púas, con mesa de noche y catre incluido. El encierro, a partir del 3 de diciembre a las 7 de la noche, es narrado por Herazo:
Knowledge and Access to Adolescent Reproductive Health Information in Indonesia
Authors: Saparini Suci , Simbolon Demsa , Ningsih Lisma
Published: January 2024

Background: According to research, Indonesia faces challenges as a result of a low level of knowledge of adolescent reproductive health (ARH) due to limited exposure to information media. Access to information and knowledge among adolescents influences their risky behaviors towards ARH. This quantitative and cross-sectional study aims to examine the relationship between ARH behaviors and access to information and knowledge among unmarried Indonesian adolescents aged between 10 and 24, both male and female. This study collected secondary data from the 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey (PPAS). The independent variables were access to information and knowledge about ARH, whereas the dependent variables were ARH behaviors. In addition, the confounding variables were adolescent characteristics (i.e., age, gender, and level of education) and family characteristics (i.e., social economy and location of residence).Method: The data were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression statistical test. Results: The findings revealed a significant relationship between ARH behaviors and access to information about ARH from various information media (p-value = 0.001) as well as between ARH behaviors and knowledge of ARH (p-value = 0.001). The findings suggested that health promotion for ARH should be enhanced by providing access to information from various social media commonly used by adolescents, which can increase knowledge about ARH and influence adolescent behaviors toward good reproductive health.
Selection of Propulsion System for Electric Amphibious Bus to Alleviate Traffic Congestion in the Jabodetabek Area
Authors: Lana Yuda Safri , Sjamsoeddin Sjafrie , Ansori Ansori
Published: January 2024

High vehicle growth in Jakarta is not balanced with traffic growth, the level of congestion in Jakarta continues to increase every year. To overcome this congestion, innovation is needed to utilize the river as a means of public transportation. The amphibious bus is an alternative public transportation option in the Jabodetabek area to break congestion. The amphibious bus design must be supported by a propulsion system that can operate on land and water. The amphibious bus propulsion system is a must, according to river conditions and operational requirements.  The selection of the drive system is carried out by means of analysis The driving criteria factors needed according to the specifications of the amphibious bus are power, efficiency, size, cost, and maneuverability. These criteria become indicators in determining the type of mover. This study aims to select the prime mover system based on criteria and specification requirements. The selection uses the process hierarchy analysis (AHP) method by giving weight to the criteria for each driver, and type of mover in the water, namely waterjets, azimuth-podded, Paddle Wheels, Cycloidal Propellers and propulsion on land diesel engines, gasoline engines, and electric engines. The results showed that the order of the propulsion selection criteria was propulsion power being the top priority, followed by maneuverability, energy efficiency, cost, operational and investment, and propulsion size and weight. The results of the AHP show that the main options are propulsion systems in water, namely waterjets and diesel engine propulsion systems on land. System Water Jet has a propulsion power of 1000 kW, has high maneuverability, energy efficiency of 85%, and a maximum speed of 60 Km/hour so it can meet the specifications of an amphibious bus drive. For operations on land, the main choice of propulsion system for amphibious buses is a diesel engine with a power of 250 HP and 800 Nm of torque providing strong torque and a wide cruising range. This system has a range of up to 800 km, a maximum speed of 120 km/h, and exhaust emissions of Euro 5.
Performance Study of a Humpback Whale Fluke Turbine on Foil Shape Variation Based on Double Multiple Streamtube Model
Authors: Ariefianto Rizki Mendung , Hasanah Rini Nur , Wijono Wijono , Ridlwan Asfarur
Published: January 2024

Exploration of ocean current energy allows for the development of turbines as the primary conversion device. Turbine technologies have been developed in various types, including bio-inspired turbines, such as the humpback whale fluke turbine. In this study, the achievement of a humpback whale fluke turbine is investigated by applying various forms of foil, both symmetric and asymmetric, to obtain the appropriate foil profile. Symmetric foils were represented by NACA 0012, NACA 0018, and NACA 0021, while asymmetric foils were represented by NACA 4312, NACA 4512, and NACA 4712 foils. Simulations were performed using QBlade software, which was developed based on the DMST theory. In general, symmetric foils have a more stable performance than asymmetric foils because they produce a better performance at positive and negative angles of attack. This result is also supported by a review of efficiency and self-starting capability where symmetric foils have significantly higher CP values and positive CQ along the azimuth angle than asymmetric foils. Finally, NACA 0021 foil is recommended for a humpback whale fluke turbine based on its efficiency and self-starting capability.
Prispevek k poznavanju favne dnevnih metuljev (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Vipavske doline s širšo okolico (jugozahodna Slovenija)
Authors: Verovnik Rudi
Published: January 2024

Results of the work of the group for lepidopterology at Student Research Camp Šempas 98’ are presented. Altogether 92 species of butterflies were recorded between 23.7.1998 and 31.7.1998 from 34 localities. 9 recorded species are included in Atlas of endangered butterflies of Slovenia. Apart from species registration and characterisation of their ecological requirements, a faunistic comparison between geographically and geologically well defined areas was done. The most diverse butterfly fauna has been observed in the area north of Vipavska dolina where south-European and north-European faunistic elements meet. The most endangered habitats are lowland wet or marsh meadows at the bottom of Vipava valley.
Prispevek k poznavanju flore Ribniške doline (Dolenjska, Slovenija)
Authors: Bačič Tinka
Published: January 2024

During the Youth Research Camp Dolenja vas '98 in the begining of July 1998, some floristic investigations were carried out in the south-western part of the Dolenjska region. The research was based on the mapping of vascular plant in two 'quadrants' of MTB grid, covering the Ribnica valley and its sorroundings. The article discusses the results of this research and presents some of the most interesting recorded species: Leonurus cardiaca, Dactylorhiza maculata ssp. transsilvanica, Vulpia ciliata, Senecio paludosus, Senecio aquaticus, Sisyrinchium bermudiana and Tanacetum parthenium.
25 years of the Natura Sloveniae journal
Authors: Kostanjšek Rok , Mori Nataša , Bedjanič Matjaž , De Groot Maarten , Šajna Nina , Polajnar Jernej , Zagmajster Maja
Published: January 2024

The article presents the history of the journal Natura Sloveniae over the 25 years, from 1999–2023, of its publication. The main aim of the journal is highlighted, as well as a brief analysis of the number of contributions and authors, the taxonomic groups covered in the articles, including an overview of the citation success of the articles published in the journal. In 25 years, 286 articles by 320 authors have been published in the journal. Over the years, the geographical scope of published articles has expanded from Slovenia to SE and Central Europe. A brief statistical analysis of the published articles shows the highest popularity of articles presenting species lists or new records for Slovenia. A considerable share of the contributions are focused on individual taxa, mostly insects, including butterflies and dragonflies. In its 25th year of publication, the journal, which is jointly published by the Biotechnical Faculty at University of Ljubljana and the National Institute of Biology, is switching to the digital submission and review system of the University of Ljubljana Press. In this year, a third, thematic issue is being published for the first time. After a quarter of a century of continuous publication, the journal occupies an important niche among Slovenian scientific biological journals and continues its mission to publish original scientific contributions in the field of biogeographical, biodiversity and ecological research in Central and Southeastern Europe and to encourage young authors to publish their field observations.
Observation of heterospecific mating attempt of Blue Chaser Libellula fulva Müller, 1764 and Broad-bodied Chaser L. depressa Linnaeus, 1758 (Anisoptera: Libellulidae)
Authors: Bedjanič Matjaž
Published: January 2024

A successful copula formation between a male of Libellula fulva and a female of L. depressa was documented photographically on 23. 6. 2022 at a small stream in the Natura 2000 site Ličenca pri Poljčanah in NE Slovenia. This represents the first record of an anomalous mating attempt with copula formation between the species involved. Their distribution in Slovenia as well as syntopic and syntemporal observations in the country are presented and briefly discussed, as are the site-specific factors and aged female coloration that may have contributed to the described rare attempt of heterospecific mating.
Characteristics of frond stipe nectaries in two subspecies of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Poland
Authors: Zenkteler Elżbieta , Ślachetka Magdalena , Michalak Kornel M.
Published: January 2024

Although both subspecies of Pteridium aquilinum (subsp. aquilinum and subsp. pinetorum) are widespread in Poland, our knowledge about the occurrence and significance of extrafloral nectaries on frond stipes (petioles) is very limited. Their loca¬tion on the abaxial stipe surface in pairs at subsequent pinna-bases is often overlooked. The study concerns the morphological/ anatomical structure, distribution, and function of the bracken nectaries. Observations of sugar secretions of the nectaries and their local associations with ants indicated a dependence on frond age, seasonality, and environmental factors. The nectaries consist of a single layer of the epidermis with stomata, secretory parenchyma, and ground parenchyma cells lying above the vascular bundles, with a hypodermal sterome composed of fibres. The anatomy of the two examined subspecies revealed a close similarity, despite the morphological differences in size, shape, colour, and secretory activity. This paper provides also a review of published data on the nectaries in P. aquilinum and other fern species.
Impatiens pseudolaevigata Gogoi, B. B. T. Tham & Lidén (Balsaminaceae): a new record to the flora of Bhutan
Authors: Jamtsho Sherab , Gyeltshen Phub , Wangchuk Sangay , Subba Dhan Bahadur
Published: January 2024

Impatiens pseudolaevigata Gogoi, B. B. T. Tham & Lidén was collected in August 2019 from the broadleaved forest of Zhemgang district, and is reported as new to the flora of Bhutan. Detailed descriptions, remarks on ecology, field notes, and images of the species are provided.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Risk Management and Sustainable Organizational Performance: The Mediating and Moderating Role of Leadership Behavior
Authors: Akinsola Gbenga Daniel , Farmanesh Panteha , Mwamba Nyota Madhy
Published: January 2024

Despite the vital role of organizations’ knowledge management and its diverse influence on achieving sustainable organizational performance (SOP), as well as the impact of leadership behavior (LB), it is remarkable that no previous study has addressed this subject matter comprehensively. As a result, this study aims to investigate the relationship between SOP and knowledge risk management (KRM) while examining the role of LB. It adopts a quantitative approach and gathers data from Nigerian companies through an online questionnaire distributed between November 2019 and September 2020. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to test the hypotheses. Remarkably, no prior research has inspected the mediating and moderating role of LB in the connection between SOP and KRM until this study. Empirical results indicate that: (i) LB and KRM positively influence SOP; (ii) KRM has a positive impact on LB; (iii) LB moderates the relationship between KRM and SOP; and (iv) LB serves as a mediator between KRM and SOP. The findings of this empirical research will enhance managers’ understanding of the significance of LB in the relationship between KRM and SOP.
Quantitative analysis of the β-1 structure in lignin by administration of [ring-1-13C]coniferin
Authors: Imamura Shori , Hosokawa Masaki , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Aoki Dan , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Katahira Masato
Published: January 2024

Lignin dimeric units are characterized by various inter-unit linkage types such as β-O-4, β-5, β-β, and β-1. Spirodienones are the native form of the β-1 structures, but the content in lignin has not been clarified. In this study, the ring-1-13C labeled coniferin was synthesized and administered to Ginkgo biloba shoots, obtaining ring-1 selectively labeled xylem samples. Enzymatically saccharified lignin (EL) samples were prepared from the xylem sample (400–600 µm distant region from the cambial zone), and solution-state quantitative 13C NMR and solid-state CP/MAS NMR measurements were conducted. Acetylated EL (ELAc) was also prepared from the xylem sample (600–800 µm distant region from the cambial zone), and solution-state quantitative 13C NMR and 1H–13C 2D NMR measurements were conducted. Difference spectra obtained by subtracting the unlabeled spectra from the ring-1 labeled spectra showed that the ring-1 was responsible for broad signals at 134 ppm and signals of the spirodienone structure at 56.11 ppm (in solid-state), 54.70 ppm (EL in solution-state), and 54.72 ppm (ELAc in solution-state). The ratio of spirodienone structure was evaluated as 0.68 % (EL) and 0.72 % (ELAc) by the solution-state quantitative 13C difference spectra, and 2.3 % (ELAc) by HSQC volume ratio of Cα′-H to G2-H.
Electrical modelling, design, and implementation of a hardware PEM electrolyzer emulator for smart grid testing
Authors: Koundi Mohamed , El Fadil Hassan , El Idrissi Zakariae , Lassioui Abdellah , Bouanou Tasnime , Nady Soukaina , Rachid Aziz , Hilmani Adil
Published: January 2024

The high cost and complexity of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers pose substantial challenges for their integration and testing within smart grid emulators. Addressing this, our research offers two pivotal contributions. First, we introduce an innovative Equivalent Electrical Circuit (EEC) for PEM electrolyzers. This electrical model serves as an essential tool for evaluating the performance of PEM electrolyzers, especially within the framework of renewable energy systems in smart grids. Our second major contribution is the design and implementation of a hardware PEM electrolyzer emulator based on a DC/DC boost converter. Unlike conventional approaches, our emulator accurately reproduces the nonlinear polarization curve and dynamic behavior of PEM electrolyzers under a large range of operating conditions. By seamlessly integrating into a smart grid emulator, it provides an environment for efficient and cost-effective testing of PEM electrolyzers. Experimental results offer strong validation of the emulator’s ability to replicate the characteristics of the PEM electrolyzer, establishing it as a practical alternative for evaluating and improving smart grid emulators and their management strategies.
Complement-targeted therapy for autoimmune diseases
Authors: Chu Cong-Qiu
Published: January 2024

The success and safety seen in treating complement-mediated hemolysis conditions has sparked the development of targeted therapies for rare autoimmune diseases, with expansion to more common autoimmune conditions. Various classes of drugs, including small molecules, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are undergoing development to specifically address complement activity. A dual approach targeting both complement and other immune components may be required for autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation and complex pathogenic mechanisms. siRNA, which suppresses complement production, is emerging as a potent therapeutic tool. Combining a complement-blocking siRNA drug with a treatment that reduces autoantibodies could prove clinically feasible and impactful in managing these conditions.
Topological n-root Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model in a non-Hermitian photonic ring system
Authors: Viedma David , Marques Anselmo M. , Dias Ricardo G. , Ahufinger Verònica
Published: January 2024

Square-root topology is one of the newest additions to the ever expanding field of topological insulators (TIs). It characterizes systems that relate to their parent TI through the squaring of their Hamiltonians. Extensions to 2
n
-root topology, where n is the number of squaring operations involved in retrieving the parent TI, were quick to follow. Here, we go one step further and develop the framework for designing general n-root TIs, with n any positive integer, using the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model as the parent TI from which the higher-root versions are constructed. The method relies on using loops of unidirectional couplings as building blocks, such that the resulting model is non-Hermitian and embedded with a generalized chiral symmetry. Edge states are observed at the n branches of the complex energy spectrum, appearing within what we designate as a ring gap, shown to be irreducible to the usual point or line gaps. We further detail on how such an n-root model can be realistically implemented in photonic ring systems. Near perfect unidirectional effective couplings between the main rings can be generated via mediating link rings with modulated gains and losses. These induce high imaginary gauge fields that strongly suppress couplings in one direction, while enhancing them in the other. We use these photonic lattices to validate and benchmark the analytical predictions. Our results introduce a new class of high-root topological models, as well as a route for their experimental realization.
Fundamental limits to multi-functional and tunable nanophotonic response
Authors: Shim Hyungki , Kuang Zeyu , Lin Zin , Miller Owen D.
Published: January 2024

Tunable and multi-functional nanophotonic devices are used for applications from beam steering to sensing. Yet little is understood about fundamental limits to their functionality. The difficulty lies with the fact that it is a single structure that must exhibit optimal response over multiple scenarios. In this article, we present a general theoretical framework for understanding and computing fundamental limits to multi-functional nanophotonic response. Building from rapid recent advances in bounds to light–matter interactions, we show that after rewriting the design problems in terms of polarization fields, the introduction of suitable cross-correlation constraints imposes the crucial “single-structure” criteria. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for two applications: reflectivity contrast for optical sensing, and maximum efficiency for optical beam switching. Our approach generalizes to any active or multi-functional design in linear optics.
Direct electron beam patterning of electro-optically active PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Doshi Siddharth , Ludescher Dominik , Karst Julian , Floess Moritz , Carlström Johan , Li Bohan , Mintz Hemed Nofar , Duh Yi-Shiou , Melosh Nicholas A. , Hentschel Mario , Brongersma Mark , Giessen Harald
Published: January 2024

The optical and electronic tunability of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has enabled emerging applications as diverse as bioelectronics, flexible electronics, and micro- and nano-photonics. High-resolution spatial patterning of PEDOT:PSS opens up opportunities for novel active devices in a range of fields. However, typical lithographic processes require tedious indirect patterning and dry etch processes, while solution-processing methods such as ink-jet printing have limited spatial resolution. Here, we report a method for direct write nano-patterning of commercially available PEDOT:PSS through electron-beam induced solubility modulation. The written structures are water stable and maintain the conductivity as well as electrochemical and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS, highlighting the broad utility of our method. We demonstrate the potential of our strategy by preparing prototypical nano-wire structures with feature sizes down to 250 nm, an order of magnitude finer than previously reported direct write methods, opening the possibility of writing chip-scale microelectronic and optical devices. We finally use the high-resolution writing capabilities to fabricate electrically-switchable optical diffraction gratings. We show active switching in this archetypal system with >95 % contrast at CMOS-compatible voltages of +2 V and −3 V, offering a route towards highly-miniaturized dynamic optoelectronic devices.
High-entropy alloys: A review of their performance as promising materials for hydrogen and molten salt storage
Authors: Pineda Fabiola , Martínez Carola , Martin Pablo , Aguilar Claudio
Published: January 2024

Fossil fuels have been the most employed energy source with a consistent and growing consumption; however, they will be replaced by renewable energy sources (RESs). Massively using this type of energy will require new materials, especially metallic-based materials, because the typical materials have shown poor performance. In particular, hydrogen obtained from RESs has technological concerns like absorption/desorption cycling, kinetics, and cost. Similarly, the solar industry demands highly corrosion-resistant materials at high temperatures. As mentioned above, these could be solved using high-entropy alloys (HEAs). HEAs are barely around 15 years old and have been intensively investigated to be used for wide technological and scientific applications due to their unusual mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Thus, this study summarizes advances in HEAs as promising materials for hydrogen and energy molten salt storage technologies and discusses the corrosion performance of current HEAs, considering both the microstructure and constituent element effect.
Alberto Luiz Schneider, Capítulos de história intelectual. Racismos, identidades e alteridades na reflexão sobre o Brasil
Authors: Martínez Castillo Héctor Alfonso
Published: January 2024

Esta resenha tem como foco a análise crítica do livro Capítulos de História intelectual. Racismos, identidades e alteridades na reflexão sobre o Brasil, do historiador e pesquisador paranaense Alberto Luiz Schneider. Busca resgatar o debate histórico e historiográfico que o autor propõe sobre a figura do intelectual na história do Brasil, seu papel na construção da ideia de nação e a importância da questão racial no debate intelectual entre o final do século XX e a primeira metade do século passado.
The Publication of a Modern Lithuanian Language Lutheran Hymnal in the Soviet Period
Authors: Petkūnas Darius
Published: January 2024

During the ‘Khrushchev Thaw’, the Soviet government eased its anti-religious policies, and this opened up the possibility for the Lithuanian Lutheran Church to publish its first postwar hymnal. However, due to its too ‘modern’ language, the 1956 hymnal was not introduced in parishes, but was only intended for personal use. The demand for a hymnal in line with the modern Lithuanian language remained relevant. Therefore, the 1970 synod decided to prepare a hymnal, the texts of which would be closer to the old hymns in the 1936 Lithuania Minor hymnal. The hymnal was published in 1982, and was introduced for use in many parishes. The third edition appeared in 1988. The article describes the challenges the Church faced in preparing a hymnal during the Soviet period, both internally and from the atheist Soviet government, which viewed religious literature as the manifestation of a foreign ideology.
Incremental Metabolic Benefits from Cryoablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from Metabolomic Profiling
Authors: Xie Mengjie , Guo Fuding , Wang Jun , Wang Yijun , Liu Zhihao , Xie Jing , Wang Zhuo , Wang Songyun , Zhou Liping , Wang Yueyi , Jiang Hong , Yu Lilei
Published: January 2024

Background: Cryoablation (CRYO) is a novel catheter ablation technique for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, uncertainty persists regarding the role of metabolic modifications associated with CRYO. This study was aimed at exploring whether CRYO influences the metabolic signature – a possibility not previously investigated.

Methods: Paired serum samples from patients with AF (n = 10) were collected before and 24 h after CRYO. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted with LC-MS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify differential metabolites between samples. Pathway enrichment and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to reveal the perturbed metabolic pathways and potential interactions.

Results: Levels of 19 metabolites showed significant changes between baseline and 24 h after CRYO. Pathway analysis revealed that the perturbed metabolites were enriched in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong correlations among differential metabolites, biochemical markers, and clinical indicators.

Conclusions: CRYO induces systemic changes in the serum metabolome in patients with paroxysmal AF and provides potential metabolic benefits. Our findings might enable enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology and metabolic mechanisms involved in catheter ablation.
Accuracy analysis of UAV photogrammetry using RGB and multispectral sensors
Authors: Santrač Nikola , Benka Pavel , Batilović Mehmed , Zemunac Radoš , Antić Sanja , Stajić Milica , Antonić Nenad
Published: January 2024

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly important as a tool for quickly collecting high-resolution (spatial and spectral) imagery of the Earth's surface. The final products are highly dependent on the choice of values for various parameters in flight planning, the type of sensors, and the processing of the data. In this paper ground control points (GCPs) were first measured using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method, and then due to the low height accuracy of the GNSS RTK method all points were measured using a detailed leveling method. This study aims to provide a basic assessment of quality, including four main aspects: (1) the difference between an RGB sensor and a five-band multispectral sensor on accuracy and the amount of data, (2) the impact of the number of GCPs on the accuracy of the final products, (3) the impact of different altitudes and cross flight strips, and (4) the accuracy analysis of multi-altitude models. The results suggest that the type of sensor, flight configuration, and GCP setup strongly affect the quality and quantity of the final product data while creating a multi-altitude model does not result in the expected quality of data. With its unique combination of sensors and parameters, the results and recommendations presented in this paper can assist professionals and researchers in their future work.