bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariant Optimization Algorithm with Absorption for Multimodal Optimization
Authors: Gou Chang Xing , Shi Xin Ling , Li Bao Lei , Li Tian Song , Liu Ya Jie , Liu Lan Juan , Zhang Qin Hu , Li Jing Jing
Published: December 2013

Multivariant Optimization Algorithm (MOA) is a newly proposed algorithm and its multi-group property make it a perfect choice for multimodal optimization. In this paper, an absorption mechanism was introduced into MOA to remove the redundant search information that stored in the structure and we named the proposed algorithm as the Absorption Multivariant Optimization Algorithm (AMOA). With this mechanism, more search information will be captured and the search information will be shared more effectively. The proposed algorithm is tested on nine benchmark functions to compare the performance with standard MOA under the same condition. The experimental results suggest that the improved algorithm can keep high success rate as the number of global optima increase and the output result would be more stable.
Analysis on Game Behavior of Local Governments in Reverse Logistics of ELV
Authors: Bao Chun Xin , Mu Xian Zhong
Published: December 2013

This article analysis the game relationship between local governments without cooperation or not by the game theory during the recycling process of ELV, and then get the optimal strategy choice. Results show that regional income and environmental monitoring are the important factors that affect regional game, as a result, although our country has clearly defined the responsibility of" supervision and management " to local government in the reverse logistics of ELV, this can only play a guiding significance in the process of implementation and the operability is not strong. So we should need to improve the management of special funds, strengthen financial support, adjust the national industrial development policy, establish a regional mechanism of cooperation, setting the development goals scientifically of the recycling industry of ELV, and do further refinement of local government powers and duties, so as to promote the development of recycling industry of ELV healthily.
Research on the Design and Extraction of Vehicle Brand Form Gene
Authors: Chen Xiao Li , Li Xiang
Published: December 2013

Product family is a series of products with similar characteristics. It is a strategy used by modern enterprise to achieve product diversification with limited development, manufacturing and service. Product DNA is the design commonality of enterprises product family, it is distinctive and aesthetic by reflecting the company's brand value and design concept, in addition ,it include some essential elements such as form, color, material and composition. This paper introduces the methods of drawing product DNA and analysing the relevance of design features to brand style by case study.
Topology Optimization for Eigenvalue Problems in Aerospace Structure Design with Rigid Links
Authors: Zhu Ji Hong , Gao Huan Huan , Hou JIe
Published: December 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to present an aerospace engineering application of topology optimization for maximizing eigenvalue problem. In this problem, the internal structure of a rocket which is supposed to support four satellites needs to be designed. To improve the vibration performance of the whole structure, the topology optimization technology is introduced to gain a suitable structure configuration. To simplify the model, satellites are regarded as lumped masses and connecting to their supporting structure with rigid links.
Design Optimization of BAW Micro-Piezoelectric Disk Gyroscope through Finite Element Method
Authors: Xu Zhong Xing , Zhang Wei Ping , Cheng Yu Xiang , Zhang Gong , Tang Jian , Wang Ying Hai , Chen Wen Yuan
Published: December 2013

Micro-piezoelectric disk gyroscope (MPDG) is a miniaturized inertial sensor that uses a pair of degenerate bulk acoustic wave (BAW) modes to detect the angular velocity. To improve the performance of MPDG, there should be an effective method to design this resonant structure. In this paper, the frequencies of drive and sense mode are obtained when the radius of the MPDG varies from 2.2mm to 3.0mm and the thickness of the MPDG varies from 0.8mm to 1.5mm through finite element analysis (FEM). Using a fitting method, the empirical formulae with an excellent fit are induced to predict the influence of the radius and the thickness of the MPDG on the drive and sense mode frequencies. Based on these empirical formulae, the mode-matched equations are introduced. Moreover, the structure parameter of support pin and electrodes are optimized with FEM. These results can be used to design a piezoelectric disk gyroscope.
Model and Algorithm for Thermal Performance Calculation of Power Station Boiler Based on Process Steady-State Simulation Theory
Authors: Liao Hong Kai , Yu Yue Xi , Wu Yan Ling , Zhong Wei
Published: December 2013

Thermal performance calculation is the core task of designing power station boiler. By abstracting generalized components and generalized fluid nodes, and defining the process unit and process section at the logic level, the universal physical model of boiler was built in a particular form of flowsheet. Meanwhile, a sequential modular approach was proposed as the main algorithm for boiler thermal calculation based on process system steady-state simulation theory. Two key problems in the algorithm, i.e., module calculations and the logics of calling the modules calculations were explained. Finally, a practically developed system BESS, which has excellent flexibility and extensibility was presented. It turns out that the model and algorithm can be successfully employed in developing the general-purpose software for boiler thermal calculation.
An Improved Ant Colony System for Inspection Path Planning Problem and Convergence Analysis
Authors: Wang Wen Bo
Published: December 2013

The ant colony algorithm to solve the inspection path planning problem well. The algorithm runs in the different requirements of path and the convergence of the step function q0. The concentration of pheromone bounds, prevent the algorithm premature. To improve the convergence of the proposed algorithm are analyzed and tested by means of experiment.
A Data-Driven Modeling Approach to Multi-Source Information Fusion System
Authors: Quan Hong Wei , Zhang Long , Chen Lin
Published: December 2013

This paper addresses the problem of the uncertainty description for multi-source information fusion. Based on the uncertainty description, an overall framework of data-driven multi-source information fusion is discussed. In this framework, the theoretical models existed in traditional algorithms are reasonably reserved or modified, experimental evidence and background theory are collaboratively worked in fusion process. Through the core data-driven engine, a loop between the traditional fusion process and performance evaluation is established, where the feedback information from evaluation can be used to adjust the fusion process.
Precision Power System Harmonic Analysis Algorithm Based on ABC-BPNN
Authors: Gan Shu Chuan , Tang Ling , Cao Li , Yue Ying Gao
Published: December 2013

An algorithm of artificial colony algorithm to optimize the BP neural network algorithm was presented and used to analyze the harmonics of power system. The artificial bee colony algorithm global searching ability, convergence speed for the BP neural network algorithm for harmonic analysis is easy to fall into local optimal solution of the disadvantages, and the initial weights of the artificial bee colony algorithm also greatly enhance whole algorithm model generalization capability. This algorithm using MATLAB for Artificial bee colony algorithm and BP neural network algorithm simulation training toolbox found using artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize BP neural network algorithm converges faster results with greater accuracy, with better harmonic analysis results.
Numerical Simulation Research on Improving Effect of Steam Flooding by Using High Permeability Belt
Authors: Zhao Yang , Lu Shu Tao , Gao Han , Gong Ying
Published: December 2013

Development of the reservoir in A block of Liaohe Oilfield present compound rhythmreservoirs, high permeability layer among the reservoir, according to the realsituation that high permeability layer exist, for the efficient utilization of producingremaining oil by horizontal well, that need to optimize locations, trajectory, lengthof horizontal well. A fine geological model which reflects the characteristicsof the reservoir in studied area was constructed with Petrel and CMG software. Optimizelocations, trajectory, length of horizontal well and vapor injection parametersupon the history matching. The research result shows that steam override, afterreaching high permeability layer, the steam makes fast breakthrough in highpermeability layer, keeping on upward heating the reservoirs with large contactarea. Finally the reservoirs can be uniformly swept in the vertical direction. Thenumerical simulation accurately predicts the optimized horizontal well can effectiveexpoit the residual oil.
The Novel Approach "One Drive for Multi-Plate " in Lifting Garage System Design
Authors: Chen Guang Wei
Published: December 2013

Mechanical lifting garage is designed to achieve a variety of vehicles parked automatically and scientific storage storage facilities. Because the traditional design need one drives for each plate, it waste energy and increase the cost. This paper introduces the course of development of the lifting garage, status and various types of three-dimensional garage features. Then it takes two floors with five parking spaces lifting garage as an example, describing the working principle, the mechanical analysis, the main connection point of framework, and the driveline design. The design innovative use "one drive for multi-plate", reasonable design to achieve the lifting of the garage and pan. In addition, in order to ensure the safety of vehicles and personnel of the design also incorporates the gantry fall protection and other safety devices.
Finite Element Analysis of Pressure Balance Work over Rig Platform
Authors: Jin Jia Qi , Li Ya Zhou , Wang Xian Rong
Published: December 2013

In this article, using the method of the separation of cars and platform design to pressure balance work over rig, that is a large welded structure. Work platform components adopt link and structural member is h-section steel, in terms of stress at work is more complex. Through the 3D design software to model and to analyze the stress of the several typical working conditions, to verify the rationality of the design of the structure and put forward the improvement opinion. The analysis also can be widely applied in all kinds of integral welded structure.
Run Risk Analysis of Solid Rocket Motor Waterjet Clearing System
Authors: Han Qi Long , Zhu Zuo Ming , Gao Xin , Zhang Qi Yun
Published: December 2013

According to the hazard identification theory, run risks of solid rocket motor waterjet clearing system were identified from three different angles and potential causes of run risks were investigated; based on analysis of accidents that may occur in the running of solid rocket motor waterjet clearing system, fault tree analysis of propellant combustion/explosion and AP wastewater spill was carried out, minimal cut sets (path sets) and structural importance of each basic event were obtained, and furthermore corresponding recommendations in the accident prevention of solid rocket motor waterjet clearing system running were given accordingly.
DWT-SVM on Near-Infrared Spectra for Moisture and Volatile Determination of Coal
Authors: Yang Xiao Li , Wang Fan , Chen Ji Shu , Zhang Shui Hua
Published: December 2013

We studied moisture and volatile determination in bituminous coal samples using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. This research applied support vector machine (SVM) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Firstly, NIR spectra were pre-processed by DWT for fitting and compression. Then, DWT coefficients were used to build regression model with SVM. We used NIR spectra to determination moisture and volatile determination in coal samples separately. Through parameters optimization, the results show that DWT-SVM can obtain satisfactory performance for moisture and volatile determination in coal samples.
Synthesis of d4T- 5′-glycosyl-1″-phosphoramidates from H-Phosphonates via an Oxidative Coupling Strategy
Authors: Gong Shan Shan , Liu Guo Dong , Yang Qing Kun , Sun Qi
Published: December 2013

An improved synthetic method based on glycosyl-1-H-phosphonate diesters has been developed for the preparation ofO-d4T-5′-O-glycosyl-1″-phosphoramidate diesters, a kind of potential anti-HIV prodrugs. The target products were synthesized in high yields by using the CCl4/Et3N/amino acid methyl ester system.
A New Method of Parallel Projective Galvanometer Scanning for Laser Material Processing on Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Cao Yu , Yu Ting Ting , Hu Xue Lin , Li Feng Pin
Published: December 2013

A new method of parallel projection galvanometer scanning (PPGS) is presented, as a low-cost, flexible, trans-scale solution for laser material processing on freeform surfaces. The parallel projection transformation is used for mapping three-dimensional space curves to terraced two-dimensional plane graphics that each one is suitable for traditional galvanometer scanning method. For implementation of the PPGS method, a parallel projective laser scanning system with the combination of galvanometer and telecentric lens is needed, that the laser is directed along the space curve path on freeform surface part without deviation when the x-y axis galvanometer is scanning the mapping graphic path of the parallel projection plane. In practice, the existing 3D galvanometer scan system, "3+2" and rob-scan system are alternative choices in different application situations.
The Use of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors during the Static Load Test of a Composite Wing Structure
Authors: Dvorak Milan , Kabrt Miroslav , Růžička Milan
Published: December 2013

The article describes process of implementation of optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors into the composite wing structure and their behavior during the strength test. The wing is of all-composite construction. The upper and lower skins are made of glass/epoxy composite. The spar caps are made of carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite. Optical fibers were integrated directly into the spar caps and into the adhesive joints. They were oriented in parallel with the main spar axis. The first optical fiber with chain of multiple FBG sensors was integrated into the structure of upper spar cap. Another FBG chain of FBG sensors was located in the adhesive joint of lower spar cap and shear web. The wing was instrumented with strain gages as well. Strain gages were glued to the sides of the spar caps. Static load was produced by a hydraulic actuator. Experimental results from strain gages and FBG sensors were compared with the results of the analytical analysis of the wing.
Residual Stress Investigations of Electron Beam Welds on Samples Prepared by Reconstitution Method
Authors: Mikula Pavol , Vrána Miroslav
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the residual strain/stress measurements in the vicinity of electron beam welds of Charpy-V notched specimen by neutron diffraction. Specimen with welds on one side as well as with welds on two opposite sides were prepared by reconstitution method. Welding was performed with electron beam in a vacuum and proceeded in accordance with the ASTM E 1253 standard.
Mathematical Model of the Experimental Drilled Hole Imperfections Influence on the Stress State Identification for the "Hole Drilling Strain-Gauge Method" Application
Authors: Vitek Karel
Published: December 2013

The hole drilling method used for the stress state identification is currently standardized by the E 837 international standard. It is based on relaxation of the residual stress in vicinity of the drilled hole. Relaxation of the residual stress relieves deformations which are measured with strain gage rosette. However, using the theory E 837 does not correct the influence of the experimental hole imperfections (eccentricity, roundness, perpendicularity) on this experimental method accuracy. This article analyzes the extent of errors that affect these imperfections.
Time Progress of Compressive Strength of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Holčapek Ondřej , Vogel Filip , Vavřiník Tomáš , Keppert Martin
Published: December 2013

Development in the field of concrete engineering is increasingly focused on the practical application of high performance concrete (HPC) or ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in construction practise. Newly developed kings of concrete are newly using in transport and building structures. The process of hydration of hydraulic binders based on Portland cement doesn ́t stop after 28 days, when the test of compressive strength take place, but it ́s a long time process that takes for many months. For design we use the values of strength of 28 days. This paper explorers how does the long-term development of compressive strength of HPC runs. The composition of HPC is significantly different from the common concrete lower strength classes. The question of the influence of additives, filler on microsilica based, silica flour to the time development of compressive strength is being explored in this paper. There is also recorded the influence of curing condition of the test specimens to the compressive strength. The age of testing samples starts at a very early ages 1, 3, 7, 21, 28, 45, 90 and 180 days. The strength in uniaxial compression was measured on cubes with dimension 100 mm.
High-Pressure Pipelines Repaired by Steel Sleeve and Epoxy Composition
Authors: Novák Pavol , Žmindák Milan , Pelagić Zoran
Published: December 2013

The aim of this paper is first to determine the state of stress of welded joint repaired by steel sleeve and epoxy composition. Experimental measurements are performed on samples to determine required material properties. The structural analysis by finite element method (FEM) is performed for a pressurized pipe with insufficiently welded root and installed cold sleeve. Simulated is the case of depressurized pipes that could cause a breach of cohesion between filling material and surface of pipe or sleeve with usage of cohesive finite elements. In the end the sleeve dimensions are optimized with respect to maximum integrity to the repaired sleeve.
Wrapping Machine with Integrated Manipulator
Authors: Starý František , Dynybyl Vojtěch , Mrázek Jiří
Published: December 2013

Goal of a project solved with company Pragometal, s.r.o. is to create a new design of integrated wrapping palletizer. This machine will have new design properties such as integrated manipulation with goods into carrying structure of wrapping machine, new controlling system, new conception of running of roll and device for ending and welding of film. Newly design machine is based on unique join of two separated machines (palletizing and wrapping) into one workplace. This integration requires high demands on precision of kinematic, preliminary and checking calculations of individual machine components. Components of carrying structure and machine are designed with help of FEM calculations. These calculations are experimentally verified on real prototype of machine before series production is started. This verification is needed to ensure demanded operating reliability and life of newly designed machine.
Constitutive Modelling and Histology of Vena saphena
Authors: Vesely Jan , Hadraba Daniel , Chlup Hynek , Horny Lukas , Adamek Tomas , Žitný Rudolf
Published: December 2013

The inflation-extension test was performed in order to obtain the mechanical response (stress-strain curves) of the human vein - vena saphena magna (usually used for coronary artery bypass graft surgery). Tubular samples of the vein were inflated four times up to the pressure approx. 4 kPa (vein pressure) and then four times up to approx. 16 kPa (systolic pressure). The experiments were recorded by the CCD camera. The longitudinal and circumferential deformations of the tube were evaluated using the edge detection method. The experimental data were fitted by anisotropic, nonlinear, constitutive model in order to obtain model parameters, especially the parameter which can be explained as collagen fibres orientation approximation. This parameter was then compared with the findings from histology. The histology analyses based on label-free imaging were performed additionally to the mechanical testing. Collagen (most important load-bearing component of the vein wall) was visualized using second harmonic generation imaging (SHG, excitation at 860 nm by a tunable IR pulse laser, detection at 430±10 nm). This method enabled us to observe collagen through the vein wall. It was found that the collagen fibres are helically aligned within the vein at an angle 37±6° measured from circumferential axis. The results of collagen orientation angle show a good agreement of findings obtained from histology and from constitutive model.
Influence of Honeycomb Core Compression on the Mechanical Properties of the Sandwich Structure
Authors: Fojtl Ladislav , Rusnáková Soňa , Žaludek Milan
Published: December 2013

This research paper deals with an investigation of the influence of honeycomb core compression on the mechanical properties of sandwich structures. These structures consist of prepreg facing layers and two different material types of honeycomb and are produced by modified compression molding called Crush-Core technology. Produced structures are mechanically tested in three-point bending test and subjected to low-velocity impact and Charpy impact test.
Behaviour of Different Types of Concrete under Impact and Quasi-Static Loading
Authors: Máca Petr , Konvalinka Petr , Curbach Manfred
Published: December 2013

This paper describes mixture formulation of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with 2% of fibres by volume and its response to quasi-static and dynamic impact loading. The UHPFRC mixture was prepared using locally available constituents and no special curing or mixing methods were used for its production. In addition, the mechanical parameters of three other types of concrete, i.e. normal strength concrete (NSC), fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) and high performance concrete (HPC) is compared. The main properties assessed throughout the experimental work are compressive, flexural and direct tensile strength as well as response of tested concretes to impact flexural loading. The impact loading is produced by a vertically falling weight of 24 kg from the height of 1 m on concrete prisms. The strain rate increase corresponds to low-velocity impacts such as vehicle crash or falling rocks. Compressive strength of UHPFRC exceeded 130 MPa and its direct tensile strength was 10.3 MPa. This type of concrete also exhibited strain hardening both in flexure under quasi-static conditions and during impact. Based on the comparison of impact reactions, it was concluded that the resistance of UHPFRC to impact loading is superior compared to the referent types of concretes (NSC, FRC, HPC).
Portable Device for Indirect Assessment of Strength in Tension of Building Materials and Problem of Boundary Condition
Authors: Major Stepan , Jandejsek Ivan , Valach Jaroslav , Vavřík Daniel
Published: December 2013

A sensitive determination of mechanical properties of brittle building materials of existing buildings, requires gathering of samples by core drilling. Due to the fact, that the material samples may change their properties during transportion, it is preferred to test samples on site. Development of portable machine for Split test was therefore the first choice. The specimen is compressed with diametrically opposite symmetric line loads. The main goal of this paper is to document fine-tuning of experimental setup of the device to provide consistent and reproducible measurement. Therefore the paper concentrates on the biggest problem which is the boundary conditions of the test. For this reason, different types of contacts were studied. For boundary condition analysis was used photoelasticity. Set of experiments was performed in order to fulfill the condition of crack initiating in the middle of the specimen. Location of crack initiation was determined by the Digital Image Correlation - DIC. Various materials for contact were evaluated and it was found that the lead bar and grips with radius are best.
Utilization of Recycled Fine-Ground Concrete from Railway Sleepers for Production of Cement-Based Binder
Authors: Lidmila Martin , Tesárek Pavel , Plachy Tomáš , Rácová Zuzana , Padevět Pavel , Nežerka Václav , Zobal Ondřej
Published: December 2013

The environmental awareness and potential cost reduction have promoted the recycling of materials in civil engineering. This paper is dealing with the recycling and secondary use of old concrete railway sleepers for reconstruction of old railway lines. In particular, it is focused on the investigation of material properties of a binder prepared from finely crushed old concrete sleepers. This material could be used for strengthening of subsoil and embankments supporting the railway structures. The study shows that the compressive and bending strength of the investigated material is sufficient for this purpose and that the strength can be further increased by suitable curing conditions. These findings could contribute to the utilization of old concrete sleepers during railway reconstructions and safe money spent for the purchase of new materials and disposal of old sleepers.
High Temperature Composite of Aluminous Cement with Addition of Metakaolin and Ground Bricks Dust
Authors: Holčapek Ondřej , Reiterman Pavel , Konvalinka Petr
Published: December 2013

The following article deals with the study of mechanical properties of aluminous cement composites exposure to high temperatures. The newly designed mixtures that resist the action of high temperatures 1000 °C find their application in various fields of industrial production or in the form of fire wall for protection bearing structures. All the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength in bending were measured on samples 160x40x40 mm. These samples were exposed to temperatures 600 °C and 1000 °C and one group of samples was reference and stayed in laboratory condition. Aluminous cement unlike the common Portland cement keeps sufficient strength even after high temperature exposure. For ensuring required ductility the basalt fibers were added to the mixture. In an effort to use of secondary raw materials as a replacement for cement as well as a suitable binder was used metakaolin and ground brick dust. Very convenient characteristics of these components are their latent hydraulic potential that makes interesting hydration products.
An Effect of Surface Laser Hardening on Deformations and Fatigue Properties of 42CrMo4 Steel Specimens
Authors: Černý Ivo , Sís Jiří
Published: December 2013

Laser hardening is an advanced method of surface heat treatment with wide possibilities of industrial applications. Considering the fact that this technology is fairly new and is being developed, knowledge about effects on properties of materials treated by this technology are still limited, particularly from the viewpoint of mechanical and particularly fatigue properties. As a dependence of numerous parameters of the treatment, basic material and its state and also size of treated pieces or specimens, not only substantial changes of microstructure in the surface and subsurface layers occur, but also residual stresses and connected deformations. Results of an experimental investigation of effects of laser treatment with selected parameters on deformations and fatigue resistance of relatively small samples of 8 x 8 mm cross section are presented and discussed in this work. Effects of surface speed of the laser beam was evaluated, then effects of fixation of the specimens to rigid supporting steel plate on changes of deflection caused by the laser treatment and eventually, changes of the deformations after releasing the specimens from the supporting plate. Results are in a good agreement with residual stress measurements. Fatigue tests indicated possibilities of favourable effects of laser treatment on fatigue resistance. Results are discussed considering an occurrence of inclusions in the material, residual stresses and fatigue damage mechanisms.
Adaptive Control of the Belt Conveyor Preloading
Authors: Mrázek Jiří , Dynybyl Vojtěch , Starý František
Published: December 2013

This article deals with adaptive control of the belt conveyor preloading. One of the main factors influencing the behaviour of the belt conveyor is preload of conveyor belt. Adaptive control of this parameter is possible to optimize the service parameters of belt conveyors. The function of adaptive control of the belt conveyor preloading is experimentally verified.
Temperature and Stress Field Measurement at Friction-Stir Welding of an Aluminum Alloy Probe
Authors: Élesztős Pavel , Jančo Roland , Écsi Ladislav , Izrael Gregor
Published: December 2013

The presented work is devoted to an experimental determination of a non-stationary temperature field during friction-stir welding using a thermo camera and thermocouples respectively. The aim of the measurements was to tune up the heat source originating from friction between the rotating tool and a stationary probe by finding appropriate parameters of an employed mathematical model. After having identified the parameters, the friction-stir welding simulation was carried out using an aluminium alloy probe. Strain measurements were also performed during welding at selected locations on the probe. The experimentally determined results have been compared with the results of the numerical simulations.
The Optimization of ACN-PCN Evaluation Method for Airport Pavement under Operation
Authors: Shao Xian Zhi , An Yan Qing , Su Xin , Yuan Jie
Published: December 2013

The Aircraft Classification Number-Pavement Classification Number method is the main approach for evaluating the structure of the airport pavement. However, the weakness of exiting methods lies in the difficulty of obtaining the exact PCN of the airport from the Airports Authority. This paper investigated the attenuation behaviors of the pavement structure under the envrionment of aircraft operation, and then the improved evaluation method for airport pavement was presented. The improved method could provide the technical support for accurately judging the bearing capacity of the exiting pavement structure and supply the decision-making reference to the Airports Authority.
Research on Chloride Ion Diffusion of Concrete Water-Based Capillary Crystalline Waterproofer and its Penetration Depth by Using Electron Microscope
Authors: Xiao Xin , Zhang Qi Sen , Liang Xiao Ye , Zhang Xiao Ning
Published: December 2013

In order to improve the durability of concrete structure, studying reduction effect that water-based capillary crystalline waterproofer has on chloride ion diffusion coefficient in the concrete; analyse the inner microstructure of concrete by using electron microscope, and observe the penetration depth of waterproof agent in concrete directly. Research shows that: the water permeable crystalline waterproof agent can significantly reduce the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in concrete, after concrete forms, the earlier brush waterproof agent, the longer it cure and its improving effect is more prominent after brushing waterproof agent , reduction rate of chloride ion diffusion coefficient in low strength concrete is higher than high-strength concrete;in good condition of water percolation, by detecting of electron microscope, it proved waterproofing agent can penetrate into internal concrete 6cm at least , the gel produced can be filled with pore and micro crack of concrete, so it can significantly improve the compactness of the whole structure.
DEM Study on Energy Allocation Behavior in Crushable Soils
Authors: Wang Jian Feng , Huang Run Qiu
Published: December 2013

Detailed knowledge of particle-scale energy allocation behavior under the influence of particle breakage is of fundamental importance to the development of micromechanics-based constitutive models of sands. This paper reports original results of the energy input/dissipation of an idealized crushable soil using 3D DEM simulations. Particle breakage is modeled as the disintegration of synthetic agglomerate particles which are made up of parallel-bonded elementary spheres. Simulation results show that the initial specimen density and crushability strongly affect the energy allocation of the soil both at small and large strains. The major role of particle breakage, which itself only dissipates a negligible amount of input energy, is found to advance the soil fabric change and promote the interparticle friction dissipation. Particularly, at small strains, particle breakage disrupts the strain energy buildup and thus reduces the mobilized shear strength and dilatancy of a granular soil. At large strains where particle breakage is greatly reduced, a steady energy dissipation by interparticle friction and mechanical damping is observed. Furthermore, it is found that shear bands develop in most dense crushable specimens at large strains, but they are only weakly correlated to the anisotropy of the accumulated friction dissipation.
Uniform Second-Order Hybrid Schemes on Bakhvalov-Shishkin Mesh for Quasi-Linear Convection-Diffusion Problems
Authors: Zheng Quan , Li Xue Zheng , Liu Yu Feng
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we propose a class of hybrid difference schemes combining the central difference scheme and the midpoint upwind scheme on the Bakhvalov-Shishkin mesh for solving quasi-linear singularly perturbed convection-diffusion boundary value problems. Point-wise second-order convergence uniform in the perturbation is proved clearly by using the-stability. The numerical experiments support the schemes and the uniform second-order estimate.
A Study on Corrosion Wear of Cold Rolling Work Roll
Authors: Sun Wei Hua , Li Hong Chun , Tieu Ahn Kiet
Published: December 2013

The MMS-2B wear machine was used to study abrasion wear of work rolls in cold rolling by simulating emulsion cooling during the cold rolling process. The work roll materials used were 4%Cr, same as those in industrial production. The surface SEM scanning photographs were taken every 30 minutes until the friction experiment finished, and erosive appearance of emulsion on the work roll surface could be seen in the photos. The corrosive wear of the work roll surface is discussed. Findings show that the main causes of stress corrosion and pitting corrosion are uneven microstructure on the work roll surface and a large number of dislocation accumulations, which form microscopic cells. Water in steel rolling emulsion is the main conductive medium of electrochemistry reaction, and this intensifies the corrosive wear.
Manufacturing of Zirconia (ZrO2) Nanoparticlesin Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactant Solution Using Laser Ablation Technique
Authors: Mahmoud Adel K.
Published: December 2013

Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) has become an increasingly important technique for metals production and metal oxides nanoparticles (NPs) and others. This technique has its many advantages compared with other conventional techniques (physical and chemical). This work was devoted for production of Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles via PLAL technique from a solid zirconium target immersed in a group of wet environments in order to study the effect of different surfactants on the optical properties and structure of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The solutions which used for this purpose are sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The produces NPs were characterized by mean of many tests such as UV-visible (UV-Vis.), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Z-Potential. The UVVis spectra show a blue shift in the presence of SDS solution which indicates quantum confinement property of the NPs. The TEM test shows less than 10 nm average particle sizes with spherical and irregular shapes. It was found that use surfactant solution leads to significantly higher ablation efficiency accomplished with finer spherical nanoparticles sizes. Z-Potential test shows values in the range of (-41.3) mV and (+56.1) mV which indicate for NPs stability with extremely low agglomeration solution.
Effects of Temperature and Forming Speed on Square Cup Drawability of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet
Authors: Katahira Takashi , Naka Tetsuo , Nakayama Yasuhide , Hino Ryutaro , Yoshida Fusahito
Published: December 2013

Square cup drawing experiments were performed on an AZ31 sheet at various temperatures (T) ranging from room temperature to 200°C with three different punch travel speeds (V) of 3, 30 and 300mm/min. From the experiment, the highest drawability was observed either at T=175°C with V= 30mm/min or at T=200°C with V= 300mm/min. The effects of temperature and forming speed on the formability were discussed by comparing the result of drawing experiment with the high temperature tensile properties of the material. The forming limits were well predicted by FE simulation using a temperature and rate dependent constitutive model.
Performance of Cellulose Membrane from Bacterial Cellulose in Fermented Coconut Oil Treatment
Authors: Faridah  , Elwina  , Helmi  , Sami Muhammad , Yudistira
Published: December 2013

Cellulose membrane was produced from bacterial cellulose in the mixture liquid medium by Acetobacterxylinum. The different medium was used including 100% coconut juice (A), 100% sugar palm juice (B) (Arengapinnata), and the mixture liquid medium between 50% coconut juice and 50% sugar palm juice (C). This cellulose membrane was applied for fermented coconut oil as a microfiltration process to determine the ability of cellulose membrane. The goal of this study is to investigate characteristic of fermented coconut oil resulted and physical properties of membrane cellulose, such as the degree of crystallinity by x-ray diffraction (XRD), water content and thermal decomposition behaviour with TGA, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM). From different types of cellulose membrane, cellulose membrane C (50% coconut water and 50% sugar palm juice) is the best physical properties for XRD, TGA and SEM. For all cellulose membrane which applied in fermented coconut oil it was reported that it can reduce water content and free fatty acid, but not significantly for refractive index. Cellulose membrane C was also obtained as a better cellulose membrane to increase the quality of fermented coconut oil.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Banana Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Aseer J. Ronald , Sankaranarayanasamy K. , Jayabalan P.
Published: December 2013

Hybrid composites of municipal solid waste (MSW)/banana fiber reinforced urea formaldehyde are prepared with different filler ratio. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and impact strengths are investigated as a function of total volume fraction (Vf) of filler (MSW and banana fiber) and its chemical modification. The mechanical properties are found to be high at 40% Vf of filler which indicates effective stress transfer between fiber and matrix. It is observed that presence of banana fiber provides better mechanical properties to composites. The chemically treated composites showed higher tensile and flexural strength compared to untreated composites due to the strong interfacial interaction between the resin and fiber.
Influence Analysis of the Vibration Frequency to the Dynamic Response of Deepwater Drilling Casing String
Authors: Su Kan Hua , Liu Ji Lin , Qi Cheng Wei , Shi Li
Published: December 2013

The dynamic response of the casing string under the mud line is concerned by engineer when deepwater drilling operating. Considering with the nonlinear characteristics of seabed soil, a dynamic differential equation of the casing string below mud line was established. Then the Newmark method was adapted to solving this equation by time step. Results illustrate that, the deformation and internal force of the casing string in low frequency region have little difference with the static situation. The amplitude of the string displacement increases gradually at the natural frequency. And the hysteretic phenomenon more and more obviously at this point also. In general, there are almost no influences to the dynamic lateral bearing of the casing string when not considering the wellhead vertical force. Use a static method to analyses the wellhead stability and the string bearing capacity can meet the project requirement. The dynamic analysis of casing string coupled with the marine riser is very necessary to future work.
Design and Simulation Study of a Certain Landing Gear Loading Simulation System
Authors: Ma Jun Gong , Wu Zhong Zhi , Guo Hao Ran , Li Jia
Published: December 2013

The landing gear ground loading tests is a vital part before flight. As the motion of landing gear is three-dimensional motion,the traditional loading method cannot effectively simulate the pneumatic load on the ground. In order to simulate the load in the process of retraction/extension, a loading simulation system is proposed, including retractile system, position follow-up system and force servo loading system. This paper analyzes retraction/extension mechanism of the landing gear and builds up its mathematical model. A co-simulation model is developed in which the hydraulic system model and control system are built in software AMESim, the mechanical system of test platform model is built in software ADAMS. The results of the simulation confirm that the loading simulation system is feasible and provide the basis for building hardware platform.
Catalysts Based on Nanopowders Supported on Foam Materials for Deep Oxidation of Organic Substances
Authors: Pestryakov Alexey , Petranovskii Vitalii
Published: December 2013

Foam catalysts have physicochemical, gas-dynamic and catalytic characteristics exceeding the indices of the traditional granular and honeycomb catalysts. Nanopowders have high catalytic activity due to high surface area and special electronic state. Catalysts of new structural type nanopowders supported on foam metals and foam ceramics - have been tested in the process of deep oxidation of organic substances.
Influence of Nanostructured Powder Modifiers on the Structure of a Welding Bead
Authors: Kuznetsov M.A. , Zhuravkov S.P. , Zernin Evgeniy A. , Kolmogorov D.E. , Yavorovsky Nikolay A.
Published: December 2013

Addition of nanopowders of tungsten and aluminum oxyhydroxide to the weld pool has shown positive effect on the structure of metal during arc gas welding with a consumable electrode. It has been shown that introducing the powders decreases dendrite size and leads to the formation of a more equilibrium micrоstructure.
The Structure and Properties of Hard Metals Irradiated by High-Energy Electron Beam
Authors: Ivanov Yurii F. , Ovcharenko Vladimir , Belyi Aleksei , Teresov Anton D.
Published: December 2013

t has been established experimentally that irradiating the sample of tungsten carbide hard metal spray-coated by titanium layer 1-2 μm thickness by high-intensity electron beam resulted in generation of a gradient multi-phase nanostructured layer of microhardness higher than that of untreated material by a factor of 2.5.
Zr+ Ion-Beam Surface Treatment of 30CrMnSiNi2 Steel for Improving its Fatigue Durability
Authors: Vlasov Ilya , Panin Sergey V. , Sergeev Viktor , Naidfeld Vasilii , Kalashnikov Mark , Bogdanov Oleg , Ovechkin Boris
Published: December 2013

The structure of modified surface layer the high-strength 30CrMnSiNi2 steel was investigated by optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction methods. The tests on static and cyclic tension were performed for 30CrMnSiNi2 steel specimens in as supplied state and after nanostructuring surface layer by Zr+ ion beam. Differences of the specimen deformation behavior and changes of their mechanical properties are analyzed. The reason for fatigue life increase of the samples after the treatment is discussed.
Drug Delivery System of a Radio-Protective Inclusion Complex
Authors: Heinrich Lothar A. , Pajaziti Betina , Roziev Rakhimdzhan
Published: December 2013

The novel radio-protective drug 9-phenyl symm octahydro selenoxanthene is insoluble in water. The complexation with hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin increases the water solubility improving the bioavailability. The stoichiometry of the supramolecular host-guest complex was studied by displacement experiments using fluorescence spectroscopy. With respect to the application in the radiologic brachy therapy the inclusion complex was encapsulated by spray drying with both, poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid and gelatin. The in-vitro irradiation tests of the final ointment formulation show the inhibition of neoplasm development, and an efficient protection effect against radiation.
Effect of Humic Substances and Silicon Ions on Stability of Iron Hydroxide (III) Nanoparticles
Authors: Shiyan Ludmila N. , Machekhina Ksenia I. , Tropina Elena A. , Gryaznova Elena N. , An Vladimir V.
Published: December 2013

The paper reports on experimental modeling of the colloid system composition in natural groundwater. It is shown that the stability of iron hydroxide nanoparticles relates to the presence of silica and humic substances. It was found out the molar ratio of iron/silicon/organic substance is equal to 1/7/2, where stable iron (III) hydroxide nanoparticles form. The iron hydroxide nanoparticle size ranging from 30 to 600 nm was determined. It characterizes the steady state of the colloidal system.
Influence of Ultradispersed Fraction of Boron Carbide Powder on Strength Properties of the Ceramics Manufactured by SPS Method
Authors: Khasanov Oleg L. , Dvilis Edgar S. , Khasanov Alexey O. , Bikbaeva Zulfa G. , Polisadova Valentina V. , Milovanova Tomara V.
Published: December 2013

The experimental results for manufacturing ceramics from industrial boron carbide powder with 10 wt% of ultradispersed fraction of a powder of the same composition by spark plasma sintering have been presented. Under optimal process conditions such sintering results in a decrease of the sintering temperature and synthesis time, and the addition of ultradispersed fraction increases microhardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics.
Peculiarities of Surface Fracture of B4C Ceramics under Loads
Authors: Struts Vasiliy K. , Khasanov Oleg L. , Bikbaeva Zulfa G. , Polisadova Valentina V. , Dvilis Edgar S.
Published: December 2013

The paper presents experimental results showing the nature of the destruction in the surface layer of В4С ceramics during hardness and fracture toughness tests performed by Vickers diamond pyramid indentation with different applied loads (4.91 - 294.3 N). Ceramics made from boron carbide powder with 10 wt.% additive of submicron fraction of the same powder sintered in spark discharge plasma by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS-method) under different sintering conditions was studied. Changes of micro hardness and hardness of the samples were measured by micro hardness tester PМТ-3М with the loadsРup to 4.9 N; by micro hardness tester Micromet withP=9.811.77 N; and by hardness tester ТP-7R-1 with the loads of 49 - 294.3 N. Indentation, exposure, and unloading were carried out according to standard method during 30-40 seconds. The microstructure and topography of the surface of ceramic samples splits after indentation were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, microscope JEOL SEM-7500FA). The profiles of the split surface depth were determined by Linnik interferometer МII-4.