bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Surgical Methods in Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus Treatment
Authors: ÇANTAY Hasan , DAŞDEMİR Yavuz
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Although many conservative and surgical methods have been described in the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus, which is a common disease of the sacrococcygeal region, affecting especially young men, recurrence rates are still high and the search for ideal treatment continues. The aim of the study is to compare the primary closure, Limberg and Karydakis flap methods for pilonidal sinus surgery in terms of wound healing, complications and recurrence and to present the results accordingly.

Material and method: The data of 184 patients who were operated between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Patient data on age, gender, comorbidity, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, recurrence, history of preoperative abscess drainage, surgical methods, length of hospital stay, postoperative drain, recurrence and complications were evaluated.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the treatment methods in terms of age, gender, Body Mass Index, and smoking (p>0.005). A statistically significant difference was found between the treatment methods in terms of reoperation for recurrence and preoperative abscess drainage (p = 0.012) (p = 0.044). However, a significant difference was found between the treatment methods in terms of length of hospital stay, presence of drainage, recurrence and complications (p
Strategi Komunikasi Humas Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja Jambi Menjaga Ketertiban Pedagang Kaki Lima
Authors: Sartika  , Pirhat abbas  , Nurhasanah  , Mardalina
Published: August 2021

This research is motivated by the lack of awareness of street vendors to maintain order, there are still street vendors on Jalan Letjen Haryono Telanipura who sell not in accordance with the regulations they sell during working hours between 06.00 to 16.00 WIB. As a regional regulation enforcement officer, the Civil Service Police Unit in conveying information is assisted by Public Relations in conveying it. From these problems, the authors carried out research to find out the Public Relations Communication Strategy of the Civil Service Police Unit in Maintaining Order for Street Vendors. The research approach that the author uses is qualitative research. to fully explain what happened, using primary and secondary data as the types of data and sources of data obtained through Public Relations (Head of Unit, Head of Sub-Division of General Affairs and Personnel, Section of Public Order) and Street Vendors in Kec. Telanaipura. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and also documentation. From the data collection, three data analyzes were carried out in the form of data analysis, in the form of data reduction and data verification. The results of the authors found that the Public Relations Communication Strategy maintains the Order of the Street Vendors, namely: persuasive communication, communication through letters and socialization communication
Metode Dakwah dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Menyimpang Remaja di Mendahara Ilir
Authors: Agus  , Jamaluddin  , Edy Kusnadi
Published: August 2021

This research is motivated by a phenomenon that occurs in Mendahara Ilir Village, Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, that teenagers in this village behave inappropriately such as stealing, drinking, gambling, drugs and smoking, which makes parents and the surrounding community restless. . Then the author relates this phenomenon to the da'wah method carried out by the local da'i, whether his da'wah has had an effect or not. The research method used is descriptive qualitative field research, which describes the da'wah method in overcoming deviant behavior in adolescents. The results of the study show that the da'i method of da'i is the bil oral method and gathers youth in hadroh art groups. Teenagers in the Mendahara Ilir village seem to reduce their deviant activities. A good da'wah method for teenagers can encourage teenagers to do positive activities such as practicing hadrah, teaching hadroh to other friends, actively attending taklim assemblies, actively asking questions, polite in speaking, although not involving all teenagers in this village. However, this method can be said to be quite effective in overcoming deviant behavior in adolescents.
Penggunaan Bahasa Jurnalistik dalam Penulisan Berita Metrojambi.Com
Authors: Febrina Ita Fitri Anti  , Agus Salim  , Jamaluddin Arsyad  , Jamaluddin Arsyad
Published: August 2021

The application of journalistic language in the news media is a must. Good news is news that uses simple language and is easily accepted by readers' logic. However, not all parties involved in news production understand the importance of using journalistic language in news writing in the mass media, including journalists and editors at MetroJambi.com where the research was conducted. As the best online media in 2016 in Jambi, MetroJambi.com still contains language errors in its news. The purposes of this study are (1) to find out the profile and background of the birth of the metrojambi.com news portal (2) to examine the use of journalistic language on the metrojambi.com news portal (3) to examine the efforts made by Metrojambi.com in overcoming the errors in the use of journalistic language in the media. the. The research method that the author uses is qualitative with a news content study approach. The data collection technique was carried out in two ways, first by interviewing the editor of Metrojambi.com, the General Manager of metrojambi.com, and the Head of the Jambi Language Office, as well as three Extension Officers of the Jambi Language Office. Second, collecting news from 01 September 2019 to 09 September 2019 which is then analyzed and described in this study. As a result, the researchers found that: first, Metrojambi.com came from the Metro Jambi print media, secondly, there were 7 errors in the use of journalistic language in news writing on Metrojambi.com from September 01, 2019 to September 09, 2019. This seems to make Metrojambi.com no longer entered in the best media category in Jambi Province in 2019, the three editors and general manager of Metrojambi.com provided training to journalists on reporting and writing, always involving journalists in training and counseling activities organized by the AJI organization, Jambi Language Office and all related to the activities of journalists, as well as the editors of Metrojambi.com also conduct more thorough research than before, in order to minimize writing errors in the news. The study recommends Metrojambi.com to pay attention to the use of journalistic language in published news, as well as to provide journalists with an understanding of the procedures for writing news that are in accordance with good and correct journalistic language.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KECEPATAN DAN VOLUME KENDARAAN TERHADAP KEBISINGAN DI SUATU KAWASAN
Authors: Anindya Aghnia Rizqy , Maryunani Woro Partini , Amin Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Kebisingan adalah suara yang tidak dikehendaki oleh pendengaran manusia yang mempunyai multi frekuensi dan multi amplitudo dan umumnya terjadi pada frekuensi tinggi. Kebisingan yang dihasilkan kendaraan sering terjadi karena pengaruh volume dan kecepatan kendaraan. Penelitian dilakukan di Jalan Urip Sumoharjo (Kawasan Rumah Sakit), Jalan Pahlawan (kawasan sekolah), dan Jalan Tentara Pelajar (kawasan tempat ibadah). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui model tingkat kebisingan di kawasan tersebut dan hubungan kecepatan, volume, dan kebisingan di satu kawasan. Data kebisingan diolah untuk mendapatkan data tingkat kebisingan equivalen. Data volume lalu lintas diperoleh dengan cara menghitung seluruh kendaraan yang melewati ruas jalan yang disurvey. Sedangkan, data kecepatan, diperoleh dengan cara mengukur kecepatan suatu segmen jalan yang telah ditentukan. Dengan metode pengolahan data yaitu metode analisis linier berganda. Dimana Y merupakan tingkat kebisingan, X1 merupakan Volume kendaraan, X2 merupakan kecepatan kendaraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar volume kendaraan, maka kecepatan kendaraan akan semakin rendah sehingga menghasilkan tingkat kebisingan yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data maka model tingkat kebisingan yang di dapat untuk masing- masing kawasan yaitu berbeda-beda dengan angka korelasi yang berbeda. Untuk kawasan rumah sakit di dapat Y = 8,87 + 0,014 X1 + 1,317 X2 dengan R² = 0,9973, untuk kawasan sekolah Y = 6,67 + 0,022 X1 + 1,044 X2 dengan R² = 0,9998, dan untuk tempat ibadahY = 9,43 + 0,02 X1 + 1,616 X2 dengan R² = 0,9982.
STUDI ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG PONDASI ABUTMENT JEMBATAN KALIGAWE KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Nurinayah Titin , Yuwana Dwi Sat Agus , . Yusfita
Published: August 2021

Pemilihan jenis pondasi serta analisis daya dukungnya harus cermat, hal ini dikarenakan kekuatan pondasi sebagai pendukung struktur atas akan sangat mempengaruhi kekuatan berdirinya suatu bangunan. Sehingga diperlukan analisis mengenai kekuatan atau daya dukung pondasi dengan perhitungan manual dan pemodelan. Objek penelitian ini adalah Jembatan Kaligawe dengan pondasi tiang pancang sebagai struktur bawahnya yang terletak di Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah Mayerhof serta software Plaxis 2D V.8.6 sebagai alat bantu hitung dan pemodelan. Dari metode Mayerhof  didapatkan nilai daya dukung ultimit dan stabilitas geser serta guling arah x dan y. Sedangkan untuk software Plaxis 2D V.8.6 menghasilkan nilai keamanan pondasi secara keseluruhan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya dukung pondasi tiang pancang (Qu) yang dianalisis dengan metode Mayerhof sebesar 1348 kN, dan angka keamanan terendah terdapat pada stabilitas geser abutmen arah x sebesar 3.1 pada kombinasi-3 dan kombinasi-4, sedangkan angka keamanan pondasi secara keseluruhan  dari perhitungan Plaxis 2D V.8.6 sebesar 39.9.
The Effect of Attending a Charter School in Newark, New Jersey, on Student Test Scores
Authors: Winters Marcus A. , Shanks Colin
Published: August 2021

We exploit information about parental preference and a randomized component in the assignment of students to schools within a deferred acceptance (DA) mechanism to estimate the causal effect of enrolling in a charter school in Newark, New Jersey, on student test scores. The estimates incorporate variation from students attending about 70% of the city’s charter schools, accounting for about 85% of charter school enrollment. Enrolling in a Newark charter school that participated in the DA assignment process leads to a large and statistically significant increase in math and English Language Arts (ELA) scores. Enrolling in a charter school that is operated by either the Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP) or Uncommon charter school networks has an especially large effect.
Opportunities for digitalization of quality management systems
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Alexandrova S.V. , Vasiliev V.A. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Alexandrov M.N. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)
Published: August 2021

In the context of digitalization, the functioning of the QMS necessitates the development and application of qualitatively new management technologies, as well as fundamentally new production technologies. Science is faced with the question of studying the main ways of developing the QMS, determining its place and role in modern conditions and realities, including the use of digital technologies. The article defines the sections of the QMS (GOST R ISO 9001-2015), in which digital technologies can and should be implemented: clause 8.3 Design and development of products and services, clause 8.4. Production of products and provision of services, p. 7.1.5 Resources for monitoring and measurement, p. 9.3. Management analysis.
Improving the quality of service providing in an organization based on a process-oriented approach
Authors:   National Research Mordovian State University named after NP Ogarev, Shilkina A.T. , Tyasto S.A. ,   Moscow State Technological University STANKIN, Yaskin A.N. ,   State Institution of the Republic of Moldova «Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring», Denisova A.A. ,   Moscow State Technological University STANKIN
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the aspects of improving the quality of service delivery in an organization on the basis of a process-oriented approach, special attention is paid to the process of providing medical care, since the health of the population and society as a whole depends on its level. It was also determined that external pressure from users of medical services and other interested parties force organizations to take appropriate measures to manage the quality of health care delivery processes: to introduce international and national standards, best management practices in medical institutions. Quality management of processes in a healthcare organization opens up the opportunity to analyze existing and potential requirements and requests of consumers and other interested parties, to determine processes that contribute to the provision of quality medical and other services, to systematically manage these processes and their interaction.
Social Hierarchies and Social Networks in Humans
Authors: Redhead Daniel , Power Eleanor A.
Published: August 2021

Across species, social hierarchies are often governed by dominance relations. In humans, where there are multiple culturally-valued axes of distinction, social hierarchies can take a variety of forms and need not rest on dominance relations. Consequently, humans navigate multiple domains of status, i.e., relative standing. Importantly, while these hierarchies may be constructed from dyadic interactions, they are often more fundamentally guided by subjective peer evaluations and group perceptions. Researchers have typically focused on the distinct elements that shape individuals’ relative standing, with some emphasising individual-level attributes and others outlining emergent macro-level structural outcomes. Here, we synthesise work across the social sciences to suggest that the dynamic interplay between individual-level and meso-level properties of the social networks in which individuals are embedded are crucial for understanding the diverse processes of status differentiation across groups. More specifically, we observe that humans not only navigate multiple social hierarchies at any given time, but also simultaneously operate within multiple, overlapping social networks. There are important dynamic feedbacks between social hierarchies and the characteristics of social networks, as the types of social relationships, their structural properties, and the relative position of individuals within them both influence and are influenced by status differentiation.
Decision Strategies while Intoxicated relate to Alcohol-Impaired Driving Attitudes and Intentions
Authors: McMullin Sara D , Motschman Courtney , Hatz Laura , McCarthy Denis , Davis-Stober Clintin P , Davis-Stober Clintin P.
Published: August 2021

Objective: Approximately 28 million individuals engage in alcohol-impaired driving (AID) every year. This study investigated individuals’ AID decision making strategies under intoxication, their variability across the breath alcohol concentration curve (BrAC), and the association between strategy and AID attitudes and intentions. Method: 79 adults (23.9 years, 57% women) who drank alcohol ≥2 days per week and lived >2 miles away from their typical drinking locations completed an alcohol administration protocol and AID decision making task. AID attitudes, intentions, and behaviors were assessed repeatedly across the BrAC curve. Bayesian cognitive modeling identified decision strategies used by individuals on the AID decision making task, revealing whether alcohol consumption level and/or ride service cost factored into individuals’ decisions to drive while impaired or obtain a ride. Additional analyses tested whether AID attitudes and intentions were related to individuals’ decision strategies. Results: Two decision strategies were examined on the ascending and descending limb of the BrAC curve: compensatory (both consumption level and ride service cost factored into AID decisions) and non-compensatory (only consumption level factored into AID decisions). Switching to a compensatory strategy on the descending limb was associated with lower perceived intoxication, perceiving AID as less dangerous, and being willing to drive above the legal BrAC limit. Conclusions: Results suggest that risk for engaging in AID is higher for those using a cost-sensitive, compensatory strategy when making AID decisions under intoxication. Future research is needed to test whether AID countermeasures (e.g., subsidized ride services) are differentially effective according to decision strategy type.
Emotionality ratings and electrodermal responses to university-related expressions in a native and a non-native language
Authors: Vanek Norbert , Tovalovich Artem
Published: August 2021

To what extent does emotional reactivity differ when bilinguals process input in their native (L1) or non-native language (L2)? Does the L1 elicit a significantly stronger emotional arousal or can salient second language experience generate comparably strong associations between emotions and the L2? These questions were addressed through two measures of emotional arousal, (online) skin conductance responses (SCR) and (offline) emotionality ratings. Russian-English late bilinguals, UK university students, were presented different types of university-related expressions in English and Russian. The vocabulary types were university-related emotionally-laden expressions (“Плагиат”/“Plagiarism”) and neutral words (“Круг”/“Circle”). Two main results emerged. First, in L1, SCRs showed a significantly increased electro-dermal activity when participants reacted to university-related words. Emotionality ratings showed contrasts based on stimulus type in both languages. These results indicate that university-related words qualify as a category of emotionally charged expressions. Second, between-language tests showed that electrodermal reactivity was not more reduced in L2 than in L1, which was also mirrored in emotionality ratings. These findings are located within the existing empirical context, and alternative interpretations are provided to further our understanding of how an emotionally salient L2 context contributes to shifts from mother tongue dominance to an increased emotional power of the second language.
Communicating the Limitations of AI: The Effect of Message Framing and Ownership on Trust in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kim Taenyun , Song Hayeon
Published: August 2021

Trust plays an essential role in the interaction between humans and artificial intelligence (AI). While too much trust could harm the interaction between humans and AI, the lack of trust in AI could increase users’ reluctance to use the system. One way to foster trust in AI is to provide information about the performance. However, the manner in which the information is presented, such as message framing and the ownership of decisions, could also affect the trust. To test this, we conducted a 2 (ownership: no ownership vs. ownership) × 3 (message framing: no information vs. negative information vs. positive information) between-subjects experiment. Participants were required to choose items for survival in the desert supported by AI decision aid. The results demonstrated that participants trusted AI more willingly in the absence of any information about the performance and when they did not have ownership of their decisions. Implications are discussed.
In search of lost time: cognitive and arginine metabolic correlates of temporal dysfunction in the MIA rat model of schizophrenia risk
Authors: Deane Ashley , Liu Ping , Shoorangiz Reza , Jing Yu , Ward Ryan
Published: August 2021

Abnormal temporal perception is a hallmark characteristic of schizophrenia associated with cognitive impairment, however the relationship between these functions is yet to be characterised within translational models. Using the maternal immune activation (MIA) rat model, this study investigated the contribution of sustained attention and working memory capacity to temporal perception impairments via operant paradigms. In addition, we also investigated the involvement of L-arginine metabolites in timing and cognition via high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Principally, we identified that underestimation of interval durations (2-8 s) in MIA rats was related to attentional capacity. MIA rats were found to exhibit impaired working memory maintenance, however this was not related to temporal perception. In addition, we identified evidence of MIA impacting PFC L-arginine metabolites, L-citrulline and putrescine, which both correlated with working memory maintenance impairments. MIA also appeared to produce discrete differences in glutamate levels depending on whether inflammation was incited early or late in gestation (gestation day 10/18). Following late gestation MIA exposure, higher glutamate levels in PFC corresponded with poorer sustained attention capacity. These findings represent the first direct identification of a timing-attention relationship within rodents, and provide clues regarding the potential involvement of elevated dopamine in timing-cognition pathology in schizophrenia. Moreover, we present preliminary evidence that changes in L-arginine metabolism have functional consequences for cognition. These outcomes commend the MIA rat model as a tool for potential future investigations exploring the biological instantiation of timing deficits.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of reactivity to digital in-the-moment measurement of health behaviour
Authors: König Laura M , Allmeta Anila , Christlein Nora , Van Emmenis Miranda , Sutton Stephen
Published: August 2021

Self-report measures of health behaviour have several limitations including measurement reactivity, i.e. changes in people’s behaviour, cognitions or emotions due to taking part in research. This systematic review investigates whether digital in-the-moment measures induce reactivity to a similar extent and why it occurs. Four databases were searched in December 2020. All observational or experimental studies investigating reactivity to digital in-the-moment measurement of a range of health behaviours were included if they were published in English in 2008 or later. Of the 11,723 records initially screened, 30 publications reporting on 31 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis/ 7 studies in the quantitative synthesis. Eighty-one percent of studies focused on reactivity to the measurement of physical activity indicators; small but meaningful pooled effects were found (Cohen’s ds: 0.27 to 0.30). Only a small number of studies included other behaviours, yielding mixed results. Digital in-the-moment measurement of behaviour thus may be as prone to reactivity as self-reports in questionnaires. Measurement reactivity may be amplified by (1) ease of changing the behaviour, (2) awareness of being measured and social desirability, and (3) resolving discrepancies between actual and desired behaviour through self-regulation.
Predicting visual memory across images and within individuals
Authors: Wakeland-Hart Cheyenne , Cao Steven , deBettencourt Megan T , Bainbridge Wilma A. , Rosenberg Monica D.
Published: August 2021

We only remember a fraction of what we see—including images that are highly memorable and those that we encounter during highly attentive states. However, most models of human memory disregard both an image’s memorability and an individual's fluctuating attentional states. Here, we build the first model of memory synthesizing these two disparate factors to predict subsequent image recognition. We combine memorability scores of 1100 images (Experiment 1, N=706) and attentional state indexed by response time on a continuous performance task (Experiments 2 and 3, N=57 total). Image memorability and sustained attentional state explained significant variance in image memory, and a joint model of memory including both factors outperformed models including either factor alone. Furthermore, models including both factors successfully predicted memory in an out-of-sample group. Thus, building models based on individual- and image-specific factors allows for directed forecasting of our memories.
Yogmaya and Durga Devi: Different Modes of Resistance to Patriarchy
Authors: Lama Kumari
Published: August 2021

This paper analyses Yogmaya and Durga Devi’s modes of resistance against Brahmanic rigidity in Nepali society a century ago. It is based on Barbara Nimri Aziz’s Yogmaya & Durga Devi: Rebel Women of Nepal (2020). Yogmaya and Durg Devi have resisted against Hindu patriarchal orthodoxy that has inflicted immense structural domination on women and validated various social injustices. Yogmaya has taken path of religion and spirituality, whereas Durga Devi fetches justice to victims through law. Hindu values were extremely rigid towards women that burning sati, child marriage, and widow system used to be the part of their life. Amidst patriarchal austerity these daring women raise their voice for social reforms taking distinct paths of resistance. Nonetheless, both voice against women’s violence, corruption, and social injustices caused by Hindu authoritarian rules and religious fanaticism. This paper examines Yogmaya and Durga Devi’s contrasting modes of resistance against Hindu patriarchal domination employing Judith Butler’s perspective on patriarchal normative heterosexuality that treats several bodies including women as ‘unlivable’ and Margaret S. Archer’s idea of resistance and human agency as fundamental theoretical backing.
Religion and Patriarchy in Taslima Nasrin’s Lajja: An Intersectional Approach
Authors: Paudyal Ganga Ram
Published: August 2021

This paper explores Taslima Nasrin’s novel Lajja from the perspective of intersectionality through the portrayal of female characters as religion and patriarchy have subjugated them in Bangladesh. Intersectionality crystalizes the dynamics of female issues regarding the tutelage that society and other institutions create for them. In the novel, the author tries to reflect these issues of intersectionalty regarding freedom of expression for both women and people in minorities and the problem of identity crises they suffer. Likewise, the religious as well as political conflicts impede the minorities group to feel liberate and find their identity. The reason behind this can be justified because the novel was banned and a fatwa was issued against Nasrin. Mainly, the focus is on how the religious and social confinements for the women and people from marginalized group made their voices unheard. This situation makes women rebel against male chauvinism and religious fanatics. As a qualitative review article, it reviews some articles relevant to Nasrin and her novel as secondary sources, her novel as primary source applying an intersectional approach, through the study of feminism and religious fanaticism as methodological tools.
Unrestrained Nature in Cummings’ “O Sweet Spontaneous” and Lohani’s “Gaia”: A Disregard to Anthropocentric Ecocide
Authors: Dhakal Bharat Raj
Published: August 2021

The self-centered human activities have tremendous adverse impacts on ecology at the present time, thereby turning the earth into an unwelcoming and inhospitable place for the species. However, nature responds to such ecocidal anthropocentric actions with the continuation of life as a sweet gift. In this context, this study aims at analyzing how literature undermines such anthropocentric activities and presents the earth or the nature as the mother who is very compassionate, protective, and affectionate to her children and is always accountable to them. This study also exhibits how anthropocentric activities invite ecocide and what the response of nature is. In the conflict between human-centered actions and responses of nature, the study also investigates whether nature or the earth forgets her duty. For this, the study makes a critical study of the masterpieces, “O Sweet Spontaneous” by E.E. Cummings and “Gaia” by Shreedhar Prasad Lohani. This qualitative study applies ecocritical and one of its approaches, deep ecological notions to scrutinize how these poems negate ecocide drawn by anthropocentrism. An in-depth analysis of these poems reveals that the anthropocentric philosophy is actually the main cause of ecocide. However, nature, on her part, is very spontaneous and unrestrained who always forgives the serious and notorious human actions and is dedicated to bestow ‘spring’, that is, life to all the organisms which is her major responsibility. In this respect, this study opens an avenue for people about the self-realization of their exploitation of nature and calls for creating this world a common place for all the species.
Bolton tooth size discrepancy among different malocclusion groups in two different ethnic groups of Nepalese population
Authors: Parajuli Umesh , Jaiswal Alok Kumar , Bajracharya Manish , Pandey Manju , Tuladhar Sapna Laxmi
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The tooth size ratios may vary among different ethnic groups and different malocclusion groups. The objective of this study is to see the tooth size discrepancies in two major ethnic groups of Nepal; Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans and different malocclusion groups and compare it with the Bolton’s study.
Materials and Method: The anterior and overall ratios were compared between Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans according to different malocclusion groups with Bolton’s study with one sample t-test. The differences in ratios in ethnic groups and gender were seen with one sample t-test. The differences in mesio-distal tooth width amongst the two ethnic groups were seen. One sample ANOVA was used to see any correlation between the ethnic groups and the different malocclusion groups.
Result: The anterior ratio and overall ratio in Indo- Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans in all the malocclusion groups were greater than the Bolton’s study but was not statistically significant. There was significant differences in anterior ratio between Indo-Aryans (77.63 + 2.74%) and Tibeto-Burmans (78.51 + 2.76%), p value= 0.024. There were no statistical significant differences in the anterior and overall ratio amongst males and females. The mesio-distal tooth size was greater in Tibeto-Burmans as compared to Indo-Aryans expect for maxillary right and left central incisors.
Conclusion: The Tibeto-Burmans had higher anterior ratio as compared to Indo-Aryans. The Tibeto-Burmans had broader teeth as compared to Indo-Aryans except for maxillary central incisors.
Psychological factors influencing motivation, cooperation, participation, satisfaction, self appraisal, and individual quality of life in adolescents and adults undergoing Orthodontic treatment
Authors: Pawar Oshin , Joneja Purva , Choudhary Deepak Singh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: To bring the best outcome from both the sides i.e. the orthodontist and the patient , it is of prime importance to understand certain psychological factors, and to treat every patient with an individualistic approach. The need was to study all such psychological factors and to find a method to deal with the same; to evaluate the psychological factors that influences the self appraisal and individual Quality of life. To compare psychological factor affecting the self appraisal and individual quality of life before treatment and after treatment, to study psychological factors of patients which influences the treatment outcome and to find a method to manage them.
Materials and Method: This In-vivo study, includes case study and survey. Two separate sets of questionnaires (before and after undergoing orthodontic treatment) were given to patients. The study also included psychological test scales like OHIP-14 and 12-CSES. The sample size of patient was 150.
Result: The study revealed that esthetics (95%) is the main concern for getting treatment especially for female (56%). There is improvement in OHIP and CSES (interval of 12.63, 14.66) score of patients before and after treatment. Patients’ satisfaction (94.7%) increases on having healthy orthodontist-patient relationship.
Conclusion: Esthetics is the main concern. Most patients wants improvement in smile. Lack of awareness and lack of financial supports is the main reason for delay in getting treatment. The main discomfort about the treatment reported by participants was pain after activation appointments, ulcers and change in food eating habit. The orthodontic therapy improves confidence, satisfaction, individuals’ appraisal and quality of life. There were no variations in response for patients’ satisfaction by gender, age, education or by treatment duration.
Management of missing maxillary lateral incisor: A contemporary review
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Prasad , Rauniyar Shristi
Published: August 2021

Missing maxillary lateral incisor is the most prevalent developmental dental anomaly. The management of missing lateral incisor, either need to be closed and use canine as substitution or create space orthodontically for the prosthetic replacement of the missing lateral incisors. A careful diagnosis and treatment plan are deemed essential to address the patient’s needs as the spacing is present in the esthetic region of the jaw which is very challenging so it should be managed by multidisciplinary approach including specialists in orthodontics, prosthodontics, operative dentistry and periodontist. Space closure with canine lateralization option seems less invasive, treatment can be completed relatively in short period of time and it’s adaptation with the facial changes throughout life without having artificial prosthesis provided other factors favoring for this option. This review article describes the various treatment options and their ideal indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages as well as emphasize on some modifications in the treatment mechanics which is crucial to achieve the optimal esthetic and to improve the occlusion.
Anatomia przywództwa charyzmatycznego
Authors: Wiśniewska Maria
Published: August 2021

The monograph of one of the twenty five most influential women in Europe (according to The Wall Street Journal) contains the analysis of causative factors of leadership and sources of social perception of the leader’s charisma. The author, using her own professional experience and multi-disciplinary scientific knowledge, provides two model and theoretical conceptions: the first one refers to general leadership, the second one to charismatic leadership. The hypotheses are confronted by selected cases of leadership seen as charismatic: of John Paul II, Lech Wałęsa, Margaret Thatcher and Steve Jobs.
Pharmacology of Antispasmodic Drugs Used in Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Kareva Е.N. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective of the Review: To describe and compare some pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of antispasmodic drugs used in complex management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the Russian Federation. Key Points. IBS is a chronic recurrent disease associated with abdominal pain and bowel disorders. The key factors of IBS pathogenesis include intestinal motility disorders and visceral hypersensitivity. Both processes are controlled by endocrine and neural systems. In a target cell, voltage-operated calcium channels mediate neuronal signals for unstriped muscles to contract and for glands to start secreting. Antispasmodic drugs are a group of products that have been used for IBS management for decades. The review describes contemporary idea of molecular mechanisms to control contraction of GIT muscle cells and a comparison of antispasmodic drugs used in complex therapy of IBS in the Russian Federation. Their key pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics are discussed. Conclusion. The fundamental difference of mebeverine (Duspatalin) is its ability to normalise bowel motility in patients with IBS without the need in complete motility suppression. Also, its inability to block muscarinic receptors and stimulate opioid receptors is another advantage in improving the quality of life of patients. Keywords: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, antispasmodic drugs, therapy of irritable bowel syndrome, mebeverine.
Normal Disaccharidase Activity and Disaccharidase Activity in Patients with Functional Enteropathies
Authors:   Clinical Hospital on Yauza LLC, Kondrashova E.A. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Parfenov A.I. ,   A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Centre of Moscow Department of Public Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective of the Review: To demonstrate the role of changes in disaccharidase activity in aetiology and pathogenesis of functional enteropathies (FEP). Key Points. In mid-20th century, Russian scientists found out that jejunum diseases can be caused by impaired membrane digestion (MD). Not it is known that irritable bowel syndrome and other FEPs can mask enteropathies with impaired MD. Conclusion. Measurements of disaccharidase activity in duodenum mucosa are a method of choice in diagnosing enteropathies with impaired MD. The information on disaccharidase activity in ileum have not been described in any references. It is assumed that disaccharidase measurements in distal jejunum can be of extra diagnostic significance in examination of patients with FEP. Available information will make it possible to propose an up-to-date concept of aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis and management of disaccharidase deficiency. Keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, disaccharidases, membrane digestion, A. M. Ugolev, Dahlquist method, FODMAP diet, Rebamipide, probiotics.
Modern Methods of Overactive Bladder Correction in Patients with Spine Traumas
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Amirov А.R. ,   Kazan, Russian Federation,   Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Kazan, Russian Federation,   National Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan; Kazan, Russian Federation, Bodrova R.A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Kazan, Russian Federation, Zakamyrdina A.D. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Kazan, Russian Federation,   Hospital for Veterans of Wars of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic of Tatarstan; Kazan, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective of the Review: To analyse the modern methods of overactive bladder correction in patients with spine traumas. Key Points. A review of publications on the modern methods of overactive bladder correction in patients with spine traumas is presented. Information on the therapy efficacy and possible complications are discussed. Conclusion. Complex correction of overactive bladder plays a vital role in urine retention mechanism, prevents secondary infections, kidney and upper urinary tract transformations, and facilitates social rehabilitation and improved quality of life of patients. Keywords: neurogenic bladder, detrusor overactivity, spine trauma, correction of inappropriate urination.
Nimesulide Mechanism of Action: Focus on Histamine
Authors:   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Knorring G.Yu. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective of the Review: To analyse available information on the nimesulide mechanism of action, namely of recent studies of COXindependent effects of nimesulide, affecting primarily histamine-mediated reactions. Key Points. Fast and lasting anti-inflammatory and analgetic effects of nimesulide are a result of a number of actions not associated with cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition. Of utmost interest are effects associated with suppression of immune and non-immune histamine secretion. Conclusion. An interesting effect of nimesulide is an impact on histamine secretion; it explains more pronounced analgetic and anti-inflammatory effect of nimesulide and a low risk of respiratory and GIT side effects. Keywords: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase, histamine, nimesulide.
Use of the Dominant Component Analysis for Improvement of Preventive Measures in Patients with Cardiovascular Risks
Authors:   Scientific and Research Institute — Regional Clinical Hospital No.1 named after Professor S.V. Ochapovsky of Krasnodar Territorial Ministry of Health, Kovrigina I.V. ,   Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Bolotova E.V. ,   Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Kontsevaya A.V. ,   National Medical Research Centre of Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Study Objective: To improve efficiency of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in patients with health category IIIa in Krasnodar Territorial Outpatient Clinic using a factorial analysis (dominant component analysis) of stage 1 health assessment results for 2015 and 2018. Materials and Methods. The study includes subjects who underwent stage 1 health assessment: 2015 — 2,461 people, 2018 — 2,772 people. Patients with health category IIIa were assessed for modifiable risk factors (RF) of CVDs using the dominant component analysis. Study Results. In 2015, health category IIIа was assigned to 29.9% of patients; female patients accounted for 68.5% (median age: 62 years), males accounted for 31.5% (median age: 60 years). In 2018, health category IIIа was recorded for 41.5% of patients; female patients accounted for 64.3% (median age: 63 years), males accounted for 35.7% (median age: 62 years). Factorial analysis demonstrated that male patients have the following composition of modifiable CVD RFs: factor 1 — improper diet (ID) and physical inactivity (PIA); factor 2 — hypercholesterolemia (HCS), tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse (TSAA); factor 3 — arterial hypertension (AH) and ID; factor 4 — AH. Women demonstrated different compositions of CVD RFs: factor 1 — ID and PIA; factor 2 — AH and HCS; factor 3 — BMI > 25 kg/m2 and hyperglycemia; factor 4 — TSAA. Conclusion. Gender differences together with modifiable CVD RFs in patients with risk category IIIa revealed with the help of the dominant component analysis allow correcting RFs taking into account combinations, most contributing to unfavourable cardiovascular events. Keywords: health assessment, risk factor, circulatory diseases, prevention, outpatient clinic, factorial analysis.
Combined Therapy of COVID-19 Infection Consequences
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Vorob'eva O.V. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective of the Review: To present clinical characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms and therapies of Long COVID-19. Key Points. Long COVID-19 is a set of chronic symptoms, which can be recorded in patients after acute COVID-19. These conditions are characterised by various types and combinations of clinical symptoms during various periods of time. Usually, there are two groups of symptoms: pulmonary symptoms and a set of symptoms similar to chronic fatigue syndrome. Balanced combined therapies of Long COVID-19 are discussed. Conclusion. Complex symptoms of Long COVID-19 require specific therapy; primary medications should be selected depending on their effect on primary/target symptoms (pulmonary, intolerance to exertion, cognitive disorders, etc.). We present a rough algorithm of a combined Long COVID-19 therapy. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, Long COVID-19, post-COVID respiratory symptoms, chronic fatigue syndrome, therapy.
Parkinson’s Disease Diagnostics. Part 2. Structural Neuroimaging
Authors:   Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Sapronova M.R. ,   Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Dmitrenko D.V. ,   Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation, Shnayder N.A. ,   Professor V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation,   V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology (a Federal Government-funded Institution), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Molgachev A.A. ,   OOO Omega; Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
Published: August 2021

Objective of the Review: To describe available methods of structural neuroimaging in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Key Points. PD is the second neurodegenerative disease in terms of prevalence; it is a significant medical, social and economic issue. Early diagnosis is the most promising method for the implementation of neuroprotective strategies and preventive therapy in PD. However, differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes is one of the most complicated in neurology. The article describes use of methods of structural neuroimaging in PD diagnostics, in particular of MRI images weighed by magnetic susceptibility, MRI with Т1-weighed images, transcranial sonography. It is demonstrated that these methods can be efficient in patients at an early full-fledged PD stage, where differential diagnosis has to be made or confirmed. Conclusion. Modern methods of structural neuroimaging help not only prevent the causes of secondary parkinsonism, but also confirm PD, also at an early stage of the disease. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, neuroimaging magnetic-resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, SPECT-imaging, transcranial sonography.