bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respaldo eléctrico con recursos renovables: estudio de viabilidad
Authors: Cardona Arias Duvan Ferney , Vela Amado Jaime , Martínez Sarmiento Fredy Hernán
Published: June 2020

Se expone un estudio realizado en el municipio de Icononzo (Colombia), que evalúa la viabilidad técnica y económica de utilizar energías alternativas para el suministro de energía eléctrica en el hospital de dicho municipio. La investigación se centra en la comparación de los recursos renovables (solar y eólico), determinando la energía aprovechable obtenida por metro cuadrado utilizando cada uno de estos dos recursos, en el trascurso del día y a lo largo del año. Posteriormente, con el levantamiento de la infraestructura eléctrica, se realiza una redistribución de cargas para consumir la mayor cantidad de potencia con el sistema no convencional y se realiza el diseño del sistema de generación de respaldo para el hospital el cual se acopla con la instalación eléctrica existente. Una vez hecho el diseño se obtiene un estudio de costos por concepto de materiales, mano de obra para la ejecución y se determina la viabilidad del proyecto
Prototipos electrónicos en el desarrollo de pensamientos formales
Authors: Vergel Ortega Mawency , Rincón Leal Olga Lucy , Jaimes Contreras Luis Alberto
Published: June 2020

El artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación, realizada en la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander de la ciudad de Cúcuta – Colombia- durante el II-2014 y I 2015, que comparó dos métodos de enseñanza, a través de un grupo prueba donde estudiantes de ecuaciones diferenciales desarrollan prototipos para determinar y analizar modelos matemáticos, y un grupo control que recibió clases sin el desarrollo de los prototipos. Su objeto fue determinar la influencia del uso de prototipos electrónicos en el rendimiento académico y desarrollo del pensamiento matemático de estudiantes de ecuaciones diferenciales en ingeniería. A través de un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo campo, entrevista, diario de observación y test de desarrollo del pensamiento matemático analizada a través de técnica Fuzzy como instrumentos junto a resultados en evaluaciones, permitieron observar mejora en el desarrollo del pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes, y percepción positiva hacia las ecuaciones diferenciales.
Robot aplicado a la medición de áreas usando gps
Authors: Díaz Celis César Augusto , Romero Molano César Augusto
Published: June 2020

la georreferenciación y medición de áreas de terreno es el primer obstáculo a vencer para el agricultor colombiano quien por no tener certeza del lugar y la extensión en el cual se iniciará un determinado cultivo y su estado genera altos costos en desplazamiento de equipos y personal especializado para realizar labores de identificación, referenciación y cálculos del terreno. El presente artículo describe la investigación que desarrolló una solución a este problema, integrada por software y hardware; el software en dos partes: la primera en el dispositivo móvil, conformada por 9 clases (GeograficasPlanas, GamePad, Archivos, SerieLinux, AreaPoligono, StringMejorado, DatosGPS, VisionArtificial, Xbee), y la segunda embebida en el Arduino UNO usando 5 clases (SoftwareSerial, PololuQik, Servo, TinyGPS, SD). En el caso del hardware se trabajó con el vehículo Dagu Wild Thumper 6WD, en este se alojaron las baterías, Arduino, Pololu Qik 2s12v10, el Xbee, GPS A2100A, sensor pan/tilt y sensor óptico
Tic en gestión de la cadena de suministro bogotana
Authors: Lemus Pinto Alix Catalina , Garzón Sogamoso Camilo Andrés , Tarazona Bermúdez Giovanny Mauricio
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo busca identificar la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (TIC’s) en la cadena de suministro, y su nivel de aplicación en la industria Bogotana a través de una base conceptual y un análisis a diferentes empresas situadas en la ciudad. Este estudio comienza por una revisión general de las TICs arrojando una comparación entre las tecnologías existentes con respecto a las características, ventajas y desventajas al usarlas. El segundo segmento de la investigación posee una parte práctica basada en el desarrollo de encuestas a compañías ubicadas en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia), las cuales permiten visualizar los diferentes obstáculos al implementar dichas tecnologías, sus ventajas y las oportunidades de uso que estas poseen. El estudio encuentra que en conjunto el uso de las TICs actualmente es mayor en Bogotá e indica que al utilizar estas herramientas la organización consigue beneficios, generando un valor agregado significativo.
Inspección no invasiva de Physalis peruviana usando técnicas (Vir/Nir)
Authors: González Camilo , Zarama Daniel , González B Sergio R. , Mondragón B Iván F. , Moreno Manuel
Published: June 2020

Este artículo plantea el desarrollo de una arquitectura flexible que permite la clasificación de la fruta Physalis peruviana (uchuvas) empleando un sistema de visión por computador, basado en imágenes en el espacio Visible e Infrarrojo cercano (VIS/NIR). Para el desarrollo se establece un modelo que facilita el control de calidad para la comercialización y exportación de la fruta en Colombia, la Uchuva. La solución consiste de un sistema de clasificación en tiempo real de la fruta, implementando tecnologías de automatización industrial y procesamiento de imágenes del espacio visible e infrarojo. Para la validación se propone un análisis mediante la correlación entre tecnologías en el campo de visión artificial con sus beneficios en la automatización de procesos, contra métodos tradicionales en la inspección de calidad de la fruta. Por último se presenta el desarrollo de un modelo el cual implementa un algoritmo de clasificación asociando un impacto directo en los costos correspondientes al proceso actual.
Control comportamental de un robot lego nxt orientado para tareas de busqueda y evasion de obstaculos
Authors: Beltrán González Edwin A , Perez Pereira Miguel R , Bermúdez Bohórquez Giovanni R
Published: June 2020

El paradigma reactivo es uno de los enfoques más utilizados en el campo de la robótica. Surge a finales de los años 80 como resultado del trabajo de algunos investigadores como Brooks y Arkin en el MIT, su propuesta está basada en la creación de sistemas que acoplan fuertemente la percepción y la acción, lo que los capacita para interactuar con entornos dinámicos. La arquitectura subsumida es una de los enfoques basados en este paradigma y propone una arquitectura paralela dividida en capas comportamentales, las cuales se ejecutan asincrónicamente pero que en muchos casos poseen objetivos en común. El presente trabajo muestra el diseño de una arquitectura reactiva para un robot LEGO NXT utilizando el enfoque de Brooks para el desarrollo de tareas de búsqueda y evasión de obstáculos en un entorno dinámico, uno de los aspectos más relevantes en este trabajo es la implementación de los dos mecanismos primarios de coordinación mencionados por Brooks, inhibición y supresión.
En torno a la noción de estado y principio de superposición
Authors: Rozo Clavijo Mauricio , Mendoza Diana , Olarte T Javier A.
Published: June 2020

en el presente artículo se presenta una reflexión en torno a los conceptos de estado y principio de superposición desde el contexto clásico y cuántico. Se resaltan las estrategias y nociones que utilizan los pensadores para la explicación de los fenómenos a nivel atómico; explicación que esta soportada por una formalización que el sujeto hace y por una imagen como soporte de su elaboración. Además, el proceso de formalización se caracteriza por la construcción de relaciones que dan cuenta del sistema. En este sentido, se dan ejemplos que permiten conceptualizar la noción de estado y el principio de superposición dentro de los dos contextos ya que estos juegan un papel fundamental en el formalismo de toda teoría física. El abordar este análisis permite aportar elementos para la enseñanza de la mecánica cuántica en ingeniería dando la posibilidad de desarrollar una práctica pedagógica y didáctica diferente a la usual.
Differential mobile robot for domotic assistance service
Authors: Forero-García Andrés Felipe , Carreño-Pardo Nicholas David , Hernández-Beleño Ruben Dario , Jiménez-Moreno Robinson
Published: June 2020

This paper shows a mobile robot whose purpose is to provide comfort and meet various needs that may arise in family homes. This mobile has different sensors that allow monitoring the house remotely, since it has a direct connection between the user and the robot through a graphical interface connected to a wireless network, which shows all the readings of the sensors among other things. The sensory system sends orders to the different actuators that perform the order programmed by the user
Quark decay top to two bodies
Authors: Rozo-Clavijo Mauricio , Cortés-Hernández Carlos Germán , Olarte-Torres Javier Alberto
Published: June 2020

Is investigated the top quark decay (t) two bodies using the spectator model. Is analyzed the decay (t→bW⁺) calculated theoretically the width of decay and decay fraction of the particle whose result is compared with the experimental data of the table Particle Data group. The model prediction on the decay process can be considered good as a first approach to this class of decay. This type of analysis is particularly important because it allows one hand, familiarize students with the decays of particles and on the other, open a space to introduce topics of particle physics in the introductory courses at university level.
OPTIMASI PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KOMPOSIT TERIGU, BEKATUL, DAN KACANG MERAH TERHADAP KUALITAS KIMIA COOKIES
Authors: Hati Intan Permata , Setiani Bhakti Etza , Bintoro Valentinus Priyo
Published: June 2020

Latar Belakang: Cookies banyak disukai berbagai kalangan karena rasanya yang manis dan praktis, namun cookies yang beredar di pasaran mengandung serat dan protein rendah. Maka dari itu, dibutuhkan bahan lokal untuk meningkatkan serat dan protein cookies. Bekatul dan kacang merah merupakan bahan lokal yang dapat dijadikan alternatif sebagai bahan baku cookies, namun bahan lokal tersebut memiliki masa simpan pendek, sehingga perlu dijadikan bahan setengah jadi, yaitu tepung. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung komposit terigu, bekatul, dan kacang merah pada kualitas kimia cookies. Kualitas kimia pada cookies yang diamati adalah serat kasar, protein, abu, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Metode: Rancangan percobaan menggunakan 4 perlakuan Terigu : Tepung BKM (Bekatul Kacang Merah), yaitu perlakuan 1 (T1) 90%:10% (b/b), perlakuan 2 (T2) 85%:15% (b/b), perlakuan 3 (T3) 80%:20% (b/b), dan perlakuan 4 (T4) 75%:25% (b/b). masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan 5 kali ulangan. Data serat kasar, protein, dan abu dianalisis dengan ANOVA (p<0,05) jika terdapat pengaruh, maka dilanjutkan dengan DMRT, sedangkan data aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan melihat rerata. Hasil: Kadar serat kasar cookies terdapat pada perlakuan T4 sebesar 17,92% , kadar protein tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan T4 sebesar 10,65%, kadar abu tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan T4 sebesar 2,26%, dan kadar aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan T4 sebesar 81,16%. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik cookies adalah perlakuan T4 (Tepung terigu 75% : Tepung BKM 25%) cookies tepung komposit terigu, bekatul, dan kacang merah karena mampu meningkatkan serat kasar, protein, abu, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Namun, kadar abu cookies belum memenuhi syarat mutu cookies. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk menambahkan bahan lain untuk menutupi warna gelap pada cookies yang dikarenakan cookies penelitian ini berwarna hitam, serta melakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan setelah pembuatan produk cookies.
Towards a global brain
Authors: O'Reilly Tim
Published: June 2020

At the same time as we are seeing breakthrough after break-through in artificial intelligence, were also seeing the fulfillment of the vision of Vannevar Bush, JCR Licklider, and Doug Engelbart that computers could augment human information retrieval and problem solving. AI turned out not to be a matter of developing better algorithms, but of having enough data. The key applications of the web combine machine learning algorithms with techniques for harnessing the collective intelligence of users as captured in massive, interlinked cloud databases. Bit by bit, this is leading us towards a new kind of global brain, in which we have met the AI, and it is us. We and our devices are its senses, our databases are its memory, its habits, and even its dreams. This global brain is still a child, but as its parents, we have a responsibility to think about how best to raise it. What should we be teaching our future augmented selves? How can we make the emerging global consciousness not only more resilient, but more moral?
Mining top-K large structural patterns in a massive network
Authors: Zhu Feida , Qu Qiang , Lo David , Yan Xifeng , Han Jiawei , Yu Philip S.
Published: June 2020

With ever-growing popularity of social networks, web and bio-networks, mining large frequent patterns from a single huge network has become increasingly important. Yet the existing pattern mining methods cannot offer the efficiency desirable for large pattern discovery. We propose Spider-Mine, a novel algorithm to efficiently mine top-
K
largest frequent patterns from a single massive network with any user-specified probability of 1 - ∈. Deviating from the existing edge-by-edge (
i.e.
, incremental) pattern-growth framework, SpiderMine achieves its efficiency by unleashing the power of small patterns of a bounded diameter, which we call "spiders". With the spider structure, our approach adopts a probabilistic mining framework to find the top-
k
largest patterns by (i) identifying an affordable set of promising growth paths toward large patterns, (ii) generating large patterns with much lower combinatorial complexity, and finally (iii) greatly reducing the cost of graph isomorphism tests with a new graph pattern representation by a multi-set of spiders. Extensive experimental studies on both synthetic and real data sets show that our algorithm outperforms existing methods.
Lightweight graphical models for selectivity estimation without independence assumptions
Authors: Tzoumas Kostas , Deshpande Amol , Jensen Christian S.
Published: June 2020

As a result of decades of research and industrial development, modern query optimizers are complex software artifacts. However, the quality of the query plan chosen by an optimizer is largely determined by the quality of the underlying statistical summaries. Small selectivity estimation errors, propagated exponentially, can lead to severely sub-optimal plans. Modern optimizers typically maintain one-dimensional statistical summaries and make the attribute value independence and join uniformity assumptions for efficiently estimating selectivities. Therefore, selectivity estimation errors in today's optimizers are frequently caused by missed correlations between attributes. We present a selectivity estimation approach that does not make the independence assumptions. By carefully using concepts from the field of graphical models, we are able to factor the joint probability distribution of all the attributes in the database into small, usually two-dimensional distributions. We describe several optimizations that can make selectivity estimation highly efficient, and we present a complete implementation inside PostgreSQL's query optimizer. Experimental results indicate an order of magnitude better selectivity estimates, while keeping optimization time in the range of tens of milliseconds.
Entangled transactions
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Nikolic Milos , Roy Sudip , Bender Gabriel , Kot Lucja , Gehrke Johannes , Koch Christoph
Published: June 2020

As the world becomes more interdependent and computing grows more collaborative, there is a need for new abstractions and tools to help users work together. We recently introduced
entangled queries
- a mechanism for information exchange between database queries [6]. In this paper, we introduce
entangled transactions
, units of work similar to traditional transactions that however do not run in isolation, but communicate with each other via entangled queries.

Supporting entangled transactions brings about many new challenges, from an abstract model to an investigation of the unique systems issues that arise during their implementation. We first introduce a novel semantic model for entangled transactions that comes with analogues of the classical ACID properties. We then discuss execution models for entangled transactions and select a concrete design motivated by application scenarios. With a prototype system that implements this design, we show experimental results that demonstrate the viability of entangled transactions in real-world application settings.
PathSim
Authors: Sun Yizhou , Han Jiawei , Yan Xifeng , Yu Philip S. , Wu Tianyi
Published: June 2020

Similarity search is a primitive operation in database and Web search engines. With the advent of large-scale heterogeneous information networks that consist of multi-typed, interconnected objects, such as the bibliographic networks and social media networks, it is important to study similarity search in such networks. Intuitively, two objects are similar if they are linked by many paths in the network. However, most existing similarity measures are defined for homogeneous networks. Different semantic meanings behind paths are not taken into consideration. Thus they cannot be directly applied to heterogeneous networks.

In this paper, we study similarity search that is defined among the same type of objects in heterogeneous networks. Moreover, by considering different linkage paths in a network, one could derive various similarity semantics. Therefore, we introduce the concept of
meta path-based similarity
, where a
meta path
is a path consisting of a sequence of relations defined between different object types (
i.e.
, structural paths at the meta level). No matter whether a user would like to explicitly specify a path combination given sufficient domain knowledge, or choose the best path by experimental trials, or simply provide training examples to learn it, meta path forms a common base for a network-based similarity search engine. In particular, under the meta path framework we define a novel similarity measure called
PathSim
that is able to find
peer objects
in the network (
e.g.
, find authors in the similar field and with similar reputation), which turns out to be more meaningful in many scenarios compared with random-walk based similarity measures. In order to support fast online query processing for PathSim queries, we develop an efficient solution that partially materializes short meta paths and then concatenates them online to compute top-
k
results. Experiments on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed paradigm.
Queries with difference on probabilistic databases
Authors: Khanna Sanjeev , Roy Sudeepa , Tannen Val
Published: June 2020

We study the feasibility of the exact and approximate computation of the probability of relational queries with difference on tuple-independent databases. We show that even the difference between two "safe" conjunctive queries without self-joins is "unsafe" for exact computation. We turn to approximation and design an FPRAS for a large class of relational queries with difference, limited by how difference is nested and by the nature of the subtracted subqueries. We give examples of inapproximable queries outside this class.
Online aggregation for large MapReduce jobs
Authors: Pansare Niketan , Borkar Vinayak , Jermaine Chris , Condie Tyson
Published: June 2020

In online aggregation, a database system processes a user's aggregation query in an online fashion. At all times during processing, the system gives the user an estimate of the final query result, with the confidence bounds that become tighter over time. In this paper, we consider how online aggregation can be built into a MapReduce system for large-scale data processing. Given the MapReduce paradigm's close relationship with cloud computing (in that one might expect a large fraction of MapReduce jobs to be run in the cloud), online aggregation is a very attractive technology. Since large-scale cloud computations are typically pay-as-you-go, a user can monitor the accuracy obtained in an online fashion, and then save money by killing the computation early once sufficient accuracy has been obtained.
HIWAS
Authors: Hui Joshua , Knoop Sarah , Schwarz Peter
Published: June 2020

The information contained in large collections of clinical data can be used for many valuable purposes, such as epidemiological studies, evidence-based medicine, monitoring compliance with best clinical practices, and cost-benefit analyses. However, the emerging standards for the electronic representation of clinical data, such as the Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) [4], are very complex and new tools are required to effectively extract and utilize the information contained in these documents.

In this paper, we present HIWAS, a research prototype of a new tool that creates a structural summary of a collection of XML documents, thereby enabling users to find relevant information for a specific purpose within complex XML documents. A HIWAS user can create a target model that contains just the information they need, in a simplified representation that can be queried efficiently and is compatible with existing relational business intelligence technology. By making these complex XML documents digestible with conventional tools, HIWAS lowers a key barrier to meaningful use of aggregated clinical data.
An algebraic approach for data-centric scientific workflows
Authors: Ogasawara Eduardo , Dias Jonas , de Oliveira Daniel , Porto Fábio , Valduriez Patrick , Mattoso Marta
Published: June 2020

Scientific workflows have emerged as a basic abstraction for structuring and executing scientific experiments in computational environments. In many situations, these workflows are computationally and data intensive, thus requiring execution in large-scale parallel computers. However, parallelization of scientific workflows remains low-level, ad-hoc and labor-intensive, which makes it hard to exploit optimization opportunities. To address this problem, we propose an algebraic approach (inspired by relational algebra) and a parallel execution model that enable automatic optimization of scientific workflows. We conducted a thorough validation of our approach using both a real oil exploitation application and synthetic data scenarios. The experiments were run in Chiron, a data-centric scientific workflow engine implemented to support our algebraic approach. Our experiments demonstrate performance improvements of up to 226% compared to an ad-hoc workflow implementation.
IPL-P
Authors: Kim Kangnyeon , Lee Sang-Won , Moon Bongki , Park Chanik , Hwang Joo-Young
Published: June 2020

A great deal of research has been done on solid-state storage media such as flash memory and non-volatile memory in the past few years. While NAND-type flash memory is now considered a top alternative to magnetic disk drives, different types of non-volatile memory have also begun to appear in the market recently. Although some advocates of storage class memory (SCM) predicted that flash memory would give way to SCM in the very near future, we believe that they will co-exist, complementing each other, for a while until the hurdles in its manufacturing process are lifted and storage class memory becomes commercially competitive in both capacity and price. This demo presents an improved design of In-Page Logging (IPL) by augmenting it with Phase Change RAM (PCRAM) in its log area. IPL is a buffer and storage management strategy that has been proposed for flash memory database systems. Due to the byte-addressability of PCRAM and its faster speed for small reads and writes, the IPL scheme with PCRAM can improve the performance of flash memory database systems even further by storing frequent log records in PCRAM instead of flash memory. We report a few advantages of this new design that will make IPL more suitable for flash memory database systems.
CrowdDB
Authors: Feng Amber , Franklin Michael , Kossmann Donald , Kraska Tim , Madden Samuel , Ramesh Sukriti , Wang Andrew , Xin Reynold
Published: June 2020

Databases often give incorrect answers when data are missing or semantic understanding of the data is required. Processing such queries requires human input for providing the missing information, for performing computationally difficult functions, and for matching, ranking, or aggregating results based on fuzzy criteria. In this demo we present CrowdDB, a hybrid database system that automatically uses crowdsourcing to integrate human input for processing queries that a normal database system cannot answer.

CrowdDB uses SQL both as a language to ask complex queries and as a way to model data stored electronically and provided by human input. Furthermore, queries are automatically compiled and optimized. Special operators provide user interfaces in order to integrate and cleanse human input. Currently CrowdDB supports two crowdsourcing platforms: Amazon Mechanical Turk and our own mobile phone platform. During the demo, the mobile platform will allow the VLDB crowd to participate as workers and help answer otherwise impossible queries.
Analytics for the real-time web
Authors: Grinev Maxim , Grineva Maria , Hentschel Martin , Kossmann Donald
Published: June 2020

With the emergence of mobile devices constantly connected to the Internet, the nature of user-generated data has changed on most Web 2.0 sites. Today, people produce and share data more often and the lifespan of the data is shorter. Analyzing this data leads to new requirements for analytical systems: real-time processing and database-intensive workloads. Driven by these requirements, we have developed a new system for real-time analytics. Our system extends a key-value store, Cassandra, with push-based processing, transactional task execution, and synchronization. To demonstrate our system, we have built a service to reorganize news sites using real-time feedback from social media.
A demonstration of HYRISE
Authors: Grund Martin , Cudre-Mauroux Philippe , Madden Samuel
Published: June 2020

We propose to demonstrate HYRISE, a main memory hybrid database system, which automatically partitions tables into vertical partitions consisting of variable numbers of columns based on access patterns to each table. Using an accurate model of cache misses, HYRISE is able to predict the performance of different partitionings, and to automatically select the best partitions using an automated database partitioning algorithm. Our demonstration will show the results of the physical partitioning based on different query workloads, allowing demo attendees to visualize, fine-tune, and modify the partitioning using a GUI. It will then show how the various physical designs affect the query plans and the performance of the database as a whole. Attendees can thus experiment with various physical models, and can grasp the potential of hybrid partitionings, which achieve a 20% to 400% performance improvement over pure all-column or all-row designs on our realistic hybrid workload derived from customer applications.
Guided interaction
Authors: Nandi Arnab , Jagadish H. V.
Published: June 2020

Many decades of research, coupled with continuous increases in computing power, have enabled highly efficient execution of queries on large databases. In consequence, for many databases, far more time is spent by users formulating queries than by the system evaluating them. It stands to reason that, looking at the overall query experience we provide users, we should pay attention to how we can assist users in the holistic process of obtaining the information they desire from the database, and not just the constituent activity of efficiently generating a result given a complete precise query.

In this paper, we examine the conventional query-result paradigm employed by databases and demonstrate challenges encountered when following this paradigm for an information seeking task. We recognize that the process of query specification itself is a major stumbling block. With current computational abilities, we are at a point where we can make use of the data in the database to aid in this process.

To this end, we propose a new paradigm,
guided interaction
, to solve the noted challenges, by using interaction to guide the user through the query formulation, query execution and result examination processes. The user can be given advance information during query specification that can not only assist in query formulation, but may also lead to abandonment of an unproductive query direction or the satisfaction of information need even before the query specification is complete. There are significant engineering challenges to constructing the system we envision, and the technological building blocks to address these challenges exist today.
Reverse data management
Authors: Meliou Alexandra , Gatterbauer Wolfgang , Suciu Dan
Published: June 2020

Database research mainly focuses on forward-moving data flows: source data is subjected to transformations and evolves through queries, aggregations, and view definitions to form a new target instance, possibly with a different schema. This
Forward Paradigm
underpins most data management tasks today, such as querying, data integration, data mining, etc. We contrast this forward processing with
Reverse Data Management (RDM)
, where the action needs to be performed on the input data, on behalf of desired outcomes in the output data. Some data management tasks already fall under this paradigm, for example updates through views, data generation, data cleaning and repair. RDM is, by necessity, conceptually more difficult to define, and computationally harder to achieve. Today, however, as increasingly more of the available data is derived from other data, there is an increased need to be able to modify the input in order to achieve a desired effect on the output, motivating a systematic study of RDM.

We define the Reverse Data Management problem, and classify RDM problems into four categories. We illustrate known examples of RDM problems and classify them under these categories. Finally, we introduce a new type of RDM problem,
How-To Queries.
System co-design and data management for flash devices
Authors: Bonnet Philippe , Bouganim Luc , Koltsidas Ioannis , Viglas Stratis D.
Published: June 2020

Flash devices are emerging as a replacement for disks. How does this evolution impact the design of data management systems? While flash devices have been available for years, this question is still open. In this tutorial, we share two views on the development of data management systems for flash devices. The first view considers that flash devices introduce so much complexity that it is necessary to reconsider the strictly layered approach between storage system, operating system and data management system. The second view considers that data management systems should recognize the complexity of flash devices and leverage the characteristics of different classes of devices for different usage patterns. Throughout the tutorial, we will cover the data management stack: from the fundamentals of flash technology, through storage for database systems and the manipulation of flash-resident data, to query processing.
Cystinuria: urine sediment as a diagnostic test
Authors: Pierna María , Abdelgabar Mohamed , Fernández-Rivas Raquel , Fernández-Burriel Miguel
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To demonstrate the importance of carrying out the urinary sediment study with the correct interpretation and crystals typification as a clinical laboratory diagnostic tool, as well as the elaboration of protocols that determine the need to realize this type of microscopic urinary sediment examination routinely.

Case presentation

Elderly male patient with no personal or family history of interest that presented with left iliac fossa fixed and non-irradiated pain lasting three days. This is the first time that he suffered pain episodes of this type. The urine analysis reveals proteinuria, hematuria and the sediment shows abundant flat and hexagonal crystals, typical of cystine. Amino acid analysis confirms the finding, showing high dibasic amino acids and cystine concentrations.

Conclusions

The study of the urinary sediment by the clinical laboratory reveals the presence of a case of cystinuria due to the appearance of their pathognomonic crystals at an advanced age and without a previous history. The case reported in this paper is of interest for clinical laboratory practice, as it demonstrates the utility of urine sediment examination in the diagnosis of a genetic disease that manifests as a simple renal colic.
Tantalum doped SiO2-CaO-P2O5 based bioactive glasses: Investigation of in vitro bioactivity and antibacterial activities
Authors: Tabia Zakaria , Akhtach Sihame , Mabrouk Khalil El , Bricha Meriame , Nouneh Khalid , Ballamurugan Anbalagan
Published: June 2020

Multifunctionality can be achieved for bioactive glasses by endowing them with multiple other properties along with bioactivity. One way to address this topic is by doping these glasses with therapeutic metallic ions. In this work, we put under investigation a series of bioactive glasses doped with tantalum. We aim to study the effect of tantalum, on the structure, bioactivity and antibacterial property of a ternary bioactive glass composition based on SiO2-CaO-P2O5. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Scanning Microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the structural and morphological properties of these glasses and monitor their changes after in vitro acellular bioactivity test. Antibacterial activity was tested against gram positive and negative bacteria. Characterization results confirmed the presence of calcium carbonate crystallites along with the amorphous silica matrix. The assessment of bioactivity in SBF indicated that all compositions showed a fast bioactive response after only six hours of immersion period. However, analytical characterization revealed that tantalum introduced a slight latency in hydroxyapatite deposition at higher concentrations (0.8-1 %mol). Antibacterial test showed that tantalum ions had an inhibition effect on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. This effect was more pronounced in compositions where mol% of tantalum is superior to 0.4%. These results proved that tantalum could be used, in intermediate proportions, as a promising multifunctional dopant element in bioactive glasses for bone regeneration applications.
Operational considerations and challenges of biochemistry laboratories during the COVID-19 outbreak: an IFCC global survey
Authors: Loh Tze Ping , Horvath Andrea Rita , Wang Cheng-Bin , Koch David , Adeli Khosrow , Mancini Nicasio , Ferrari Maurizio , Hawkins Robert , Sethi Sunil , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: June 2020

Objectives

The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 conducted a global survey to understand how biochemistry laboratories manage the operational challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and methods

An electronic survey was distributed globally to record the operational considerations to mitigate biosafety risks in the laboratory. Additionally, the laboratories were asked to indicate the operational challenges they faced.

Results

A total of 1210 valid submissions were included in this analysis. Most of the survey participants worked in hospital laboratories. Around 15% of laboratories restricted certain tests on patients with clinically suspected or confirmed COVID-19 over biosafety concerns. Just over 10% of the laboratories had to restrict their test menu or services due to resource constraints. Approximately a third of laboratories performed temperature monitoring, while two thirds of laboratories increased the frequency of disinfection. Just less than 50% of the laboratories split their teams. The greatest reported challenge faced by laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic is securing sufficient supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE), analytical equipment, including those used at the point of care, as well as reagents, consumables and other laboratory materials. This was followed by having inadequate staff, managing their morale, anxiety and deployment.

Conclusions

The restriction of tests and services may have undesirable clinical consequences as clinicians are deprived of important information to deliver appropriate care to their patients. Staff rostering and biosafety concerns require longer-term solutions as they are crucial for the continued operation of the laboratory during what may well be a prolonged pandemic.
Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Li Hongya , Yan Biao , Ma Yajun , Ma Xiangrong , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhao Binxia
Published: June 2020

The adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by cation-exchange resin 001 × 7 was studied in a batch system. The adsorbent dosage, shaking speed, and adsorption temperature were investigated. An adsorption efficiency of more than 99.4% was obtained under optimal conditions. The kinetic data evaluated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the experimental data better than those evaluated by the pseudo-first-order model. The rate constant k2 increased when the temperature increased, indicating the adsorption was endothermic in nature. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data, and it was found that the experimental data well fitted the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔG0), free energy change (ΔH0), and entropy change (ΔS0), were calculated. The value of ΔG0 was found to be in the range of −5.09 to −14.20 kJ mol−1, indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous and basically physisorption, and the positive values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 exhibited that the adsorption was endothermic and the randomness of the system increased during the adsorption.
Comparison of Optimization-Modelling Methods for Metabolites Production inEscherichia coli
Authors: Lee Mee K. , Mohamad Mohd Saberi , Choon Yee Wen , Mohd Daud Kauthar , Nasarudin Nurul Athirah , Ismail Mohd Arfian , Ibrahim Zuwairie , Napis Suhaimi , Sinnott Richard O.
Published: June 2020

The metabolic network is the reconstruction of the metabolic pathway of an organism that is used to represent the interaction between enzymes and metabolites in genome level. Meanwhile, metabolic engineering is a process that modifies the metabolic network of a cell to increase the production of metabolites. However, the metabolic networks are too complex that cause problem in identifying near-optimal knockout genes/reactions for maximizing the metabolite’s production. Therefore, through constraint-based modelling, various metaheuristic algorithms have been improvised to optimize the desired phenotypes. In this paper, PSOMOMA was compared with CSMOMA and ABCMOMA for maximizing the production of succinic acid inE. coli. Furthermore, the results obtained from PSOMOMA were validated with results from the wet lab experiment.
Schillers zwei Arten der Freiheit. Eine ästhetische Transformation von Reinholds Theorie der Willensfreiheit
Authors: Bondeli Martin
Published: June 2020

In his treatment of a Kantian concept of moral freedom, Schiller argues for two kinds of freedom: freedom in the spirit of autonomous practical reason and freedom in which man is considered a mixed (sensual and rational) being. It is apparent that Schiller is on a Reinholdian path. He follows Reinhold’s theory of free will in conceiving of moral freedom primarily as the capacity to decide between the material drive as a sensible, self-interested drive and the formal drive as a rational, unselfish drive. But it is also obvious that Schiller modifies Reinhold’s results in order to obtain a concept of aesthetic freedom. This project is important in view of a deeper understanding of the concept of aesthetic consciousness but is of little use in achieving a better understanding of the concept of moral freedom.
Zinc biofortification as an innovative technology to alleviate the zinc deficiency in human health: a review
Authors: Bhatt Rajan , Hossain Akbar , Sharma Pardeep
Published: June 2020

Paddy-wheat crop rotation is responsible for declining soil health, underground water table, arising new micronutrient deficiencies, new weed flora, and resistance to herbicides, declining both land and water productivity and is claimed to be capital and energy-intensive, more particularly in emerging countries. This is further aggravated when micronutrients are deficient, particularly zinc (Zn), which plays an important role in human health, especially in developing countries. Zn biofortification is a technique in which the inherent Zn status of the edible portion of plants is improved by simply spraying a Zn solution onto the crop or through a soil application at a predetermined stage and a proper dose. The concentration of Zn within a wheat grain is genotype-dependent and interacts with the environment, inducing variation in a grain’s concentration of micronutrients. Grain quality parameters are positively correlated with a higher dose of nitrogen in the late reproductive stage. Broadcasting of ZnSO4·7H2O at 62.5 kg ha−1and foliar application of Zn chelates such as Zn–HEDP (C) at 2 g L−1, Zn–HEDP (L) at 3 g L−1, or a 0.4–0.5% ZnSO4solution during grain development stage enhanced the growth, productivity, and micronutrients concentration in the edible portion of the plant which further improves the quality of wheat grains and ultimately improves human health in the region. Given the central importance to Zn in cereal-based nutrition, zinc biofortification appears as an innovative technology to alleviate the zinc deficiency in human health, especially on the Indian subcontinent, by applying Zn either as a foliar or soil application.
Kriege und Kriegsgefahren im kommenden Jahrzehnt
Authors: Krause Joachim
Published: June 2020

Der Artikel befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der Vorhersage von Kriegen und deren wahrscheinlichen Verläufen. Zwar lassen sich Kriege in den seltensten Fällen konkret vorhersagen, aber anhand von zwei bereits von Clausewitz genannten Indikatoren kann man zumindest eine erhöhte Kriegswahrscheinlichkeit feststellen: wenigstens ein Akteur muss den Willen zum Krieg aufweisen und er muss die dazu benötigten Rüstungsaufwendungen tätigen. Auch lassen sich Abläufe von Kriegen in Kenntnis der vorhandenen Waffen und Doktrinen auf mögliche Szenarien reduzieren. Der Beitrag gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass im nächsten Jahrzehnt ein großer Krieg am ehesten um die Kontrolle von Taiwan ausbrechen könnte oder um die Verfügungsgewalt des Irans über Kernwaffen. Zudem muss mit regional begrenzten Kriegen in Europa gerechnet werden, die von Russland ausgehen. Das denkbar unangenehmste Szenario würde eintreten, wenn Russland und China sich verabreden zum gleichen Zeitpunkt regionale Kriege an ihren Peripherien anzufangen.
Structure study of the chalcogens and chalcogenides by X-ray absorption fine structure
Authors: Ikemoto Hiroyuki , Miyanaga Takafumi
Published: June 2020

In this review, we make a survey of the structure studies for the chalcogen elements and several chalcogenides in liquid, amorphous and nanosized state by using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The chalcogen elements have hierarchic structures; the chain structure constructed with the strong covalent bond as a primary structure, and the weaker interaction between chains as a secondary one. Existence of these two kinds of interactions induces exotic behaviors in the liquid, amorphous and nanosized state of the chalcogen and chalcogenides. XAFS is a powerful structure analysis technique for multi-element systems and the disordered materials, so it is suitable for the study of such as liquid, amorphous and nanosized mixtures. In section 2, the structures for the liquid state are discussed, which show the interesting semiconductor-metal transition depending on their temperatures and components. In section 3, the structure for the amorphous states are discussed. Especially, some of chalcogens and chalcogenides present the photostructural change, which is important industrial application. In section 4, the structures of nanosized state, nanoparticles and isolated chain confined into the narrow channel, are discussed. The studies of the nanoparticle and the isolated chain reveal the alternative role between the intrachain covalent bonds and the interchain interaction.
Characterisation of low-frequency sea level oscillations in the Mediterranean sea
Authors: Bertoncelj Vesna , Ličer Matjaž , Žagar Dušan , Bonaldo Davide
Published: June 2020

Implementing adequate defences for low-lying coastal area against coastal flooding requires thorough knowledge of all potential influences leading to increased sea levels, including low-frequency sea level oscillations. We present and describe several methods applicable for the analysis of low-frequency sea level oscillations in the Mediterranean Sea: wavelet analysis, spectral analysis, moving-periodogram analysis, and rotary spectral analysis. These methods were applied for characterisation of subinertial sea level oscillations with periods greater of the period of inertial oscillation (18 hours in the Northern Adriatic Sea) on measured sea surface elevations and current velocities in the Mediterranean Sea. Preliminary analysis was performed on observations of a storm event in the Adriatic Sea at the end of January and the beginning of February 2014, revealing a peak in the frequency spectrum in the frequency band between 0.3−0.4 day−1. Further analysis was done on long-term tide gauge measurements available for 62 stations in the Mediterranean basin. The application of the selected methods provided a preliminary set of seasonal occurrences and durations of subinertial oscillation. This sets the ground for further investigation into the propagation of low-frequency sea level oscillations throughout the Mediterranean basin and for characterisation of the mechanisms triggering the process, including with regard to climate change.
Manuales y urbanidad: Antecedentes para su historia en Chile
Authors: Soaje de Elías Raquel , Salas Fernández Manuel
Published: June 2020

¿Cómo se explica la necesidad constante del hombre de regular el comportamiento social, en las más diversas épocas, a pesar de haberse consolidado aparentemente el llamado “pacto social”? La respuesta supone diversas variables, pero constata un desafío permanente que la sociedad misma deberá enfrentar. A partir de esta interrogante, el presente trabajo se propone el estudio de los antecedentes de la urbanidad como paradigma de comportamiento social autocontrolado, y su evolución a través del tiempo, con el objeto de identificar sus rasgos fundamentales. En este contexto, intentaremos explicar cómo en el siglo XIX, con el resurgimiento de los ideales clásicos, se consideró su incorporación como contenido transversal en el currículum de instituciones escolares públicas y privadas de Chile, como elemento fundamental para “civilizar y moralizar” al joven ciudadano de la naciente república. De este modo, junto a la religión y a la moral, la urbanidad se constituiría en uno de los tres pilares fundamentales para consolidar el orden republicano, a partir de un proyecto orgánico de sociedad, difundido a través de la educación y basado en la autorregulación de la conducta, que el Estado liberal se propuso como meta, tanto en Chile como en el resto de América.