bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiking dynamics of frequency upconverted field generated in continuous-wave excited rubidium vapors
Authors: Akulshin Alexander M. , Rahaman Nafia , Suslov Sergey A. , Budker Dmitry , McLean Russell J.
Published: July 2020

We report on spiking dynamics of frequency upconverted emission at
420 nm generated on the

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transition in Rb vapor two-photon
excited to the

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level with laser light at 780 and
776 nm. The spike duration is shorter than the natural lifetime of any
excited level involved in the interaction with both continuous and
pulsed pump radiation. The spikes at 420 nm are attributed to temporal
properties of the directional emission at 5.23 µm generated on the
population-inverted

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transition. A link between the
spiking regime and cooperative effects is discussed. We suggest that
the observed stochastic behavior is due to the quantum-mechanical
nature of the cooperative effects rather than random fluctuation of
the applied laser fields.
Theory of coherent active convolved illumination for superresolution enhancement
Authors: Ghoshroy Anindya , Adams Wyatt , Güney Durdu Ö.
Published: July 2020

Recently an optical amplification process called the plasmon injection
scheme was introduced as an effective solution to overcoming losses in
metamaterials. Implementations with near-field imaging applications
have indicated substantial performance enhancements even in the
presence of noise. This powerful and versatile compensation technique,
which has since been renamed to a more generalized active convolved
illumination, offers new possibilities of improving the performance of
many previously conceived metamaterial-based devices and conventional
imaging systems. In this work, we present, to the best of our
knowledge, the first comprehensive mathematical breakdown of active
convolved illumination for coherent imaging. Our analysis highlights
the distinctive features of active convolved illumination, such as
selective spectral amplification and correlations, and provides a
rigorous understanding of the loss compensation process. These
features are achieved by an auxiliary source coherently superimposed
with the object field. The auxiliary source is designed to have three
important properties. First, it is correlated with the object field.
Second, it is defined over a finite spectral bandwidth. Third, it is
amplified over that selected bandwidth. We derive the variance for the
image spectrum and show that utilizing the auxiliary source with the
above properties can significantly improve the spectral
signal-to-noise ratio and resolution limit. Besides enhanced
superresolution imaging, the theory can be potentially generalized to
the compensation of information or photon loss in a wide variety of
coherent and incoherent linear systems including those, for example,
in atmospheric imaging, time-domain spectroscopy,

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symmetric non-Hermitian photonics,
and even quantum computing.
Combining FDTD and coupled-mode theory for self-pulsing modeling in coupled nonlinear microring resonators
Authors: Jebali Nessim , Bodiou Loïc , Charrier Joël , Armaroli Andrea , Dumeige Yannick
Published: July 2020

By means of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, the stationary and dynamic responses of coupled optical microring resonators made with a material exhibiting an instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity are numerically investigated. We compare the results with the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and find good agreement. We demonstrate by integrating Maxwell’s equations that this system can show a self-pulsing operation in the normal dispersion regime. Finally, this work shows that FDTD simulations can be combined with a CMT analysis for the purpose of designing optical functions whose operation is based on nonlinear coupled micro-resonators.
Parameter extraction and inverse design of semiconductor lasers based on the deep learning and particle swarm optimization method
Authors: Ma Zihao , Li Yu
Published: July 2020

A deep-learning artificial neural network (NN) combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method has been proposed to inversely design the semiconductor laser with high accuracy and computational speed. This method is exempt from the single-solution problem of tandem NN and can be highly useful to extract the possible problematic parameters in the failure analysis of a device. The light-current curves and small signal responses have been tested against the benchmarks calculated by the traveling-wave model to demonstrate the NN’s robustness and efficiency in simulating the laser behavior for further use in the inverse design by PSO.
Transmission enhanced SPR nano-microscope
Authors: Ji Jingkai , Yuan Libo
Published: July 2020

We propose a transmission enhanced surface plasmon resonance nano-microscope. The nano-microscope is prepared at the cone-frustum-shaped annular-core fiber (ACF) end by mechanical polishing at the end of the ACF, and the gold film deposition on this end surface through magnetron sputtering technology obtains an excited surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that can direct to the center along the radial direction of the fiber. The cone-frustum-shaped ACF end surface is taken as a stage, and with the advantage of the SPR resonance enhancement effect, the ordinary microscope can realize nano-imaging. The imaging experiment results of 300nm polystyrene nano-spheres show that this auxiliary microscopic imaging technology can break through the diffraction limit and can eliminate the smear image caused by the surface plasmon wave (SPW) illumination in a single direction.
Graphene-bridged topological network metamaterials with perfect modulation applied to dynamic cloaking and meta-sensing
Authors: Yan Xin , Zhang Zhang , Gao Ju , Liang Lanju , Yang Maosheng , Guo Xinyuan , Li Jie , Li Yuanpi , Wei Dequan , Wang Meng , Wang Xujuan , Zong MingJi , Ye Yunxia , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Yao Jianquan
Published: July 2020

Perfect state transfer of the bus topological system enables the sharing of information or excitation between nodes. Herein we report groundbreaking research on the transfer of the graphene-bridged bus topological network structure to an electromagnetic metamaterial setting, named “bus topological network metamaterials (TNMMs).” Correspondingly, the electromagnetic response imprints onto the topological excitation. We find that the bus-TNMMs display a perfect modulation of the terahertz response. The blue-shift of resonance frequency could increase to as large as 1075 GHz. The modulation sensitivity of the bus-TNMMs reaches 1027 GHz/Fermi level unit (FLU). Meanwhile, with the enhancement of modulation, the line shape of the reflection keeps underformed. Parabola, ExpDec1, and Asymptotic models are used to estimate the modulation of the resonance frequency. Besides, the bus-TNMMs system provides a fascinating platform for dynamic cloaking. By governing the Fermi level of graphene, the bus-TNMMs can decide whether it is cloaking or not in a bandwidth of 500 GHz. Also, the bus-TNMMs exhibit the immense potential for dynamically detecting the vibrational fingerprinting of an analyte. These results give a far-reaching outlook for steering dynamically the terahertz response with the bus-TNMMs. Therefore, we believe that the discovery of bus-TNMMs will revolutionize our understanding of the modulation of the electromagnetic response.
Zero-spindle spectral drill: real-time spectral measurement in a fixed Fabry–Pérot cavity
Authors: Ohno Seigo , Miyamoto Katsuhiko , Hayashi Shin’ichiro , Sekine Norihiko
Published: July 2020

An optical configuration for Fabry–Pérot cavity scanning using a geometric phase shifter, known as the “spectral drill,” is improved to acquire a spectrum in real-time. Previously, the resonance condition of the spectral drill is swept by the mechanical rotation of a phase plate comprising a geometric phase shifter, and the acquisition time is limited. In this work, using a q-plate and a camera instead of phase plate rotation and a photo detector, we remove all the spinning mechanics and increase the acquisition rate by a factor 720. This technique will be applied to locking laser frequency.
Single-peak fiber Bragg gratings in suspended-core optical fibers
Authors: Schartner Erik P. , Warren-Smith Stephen C. , Nguyen Linh V. , Otten Dale , Yu Zheng , Lancaster David G. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike
Published: July 2020

Femtosecond laser inscribed fiber Bragg gratings in pure-silica suspended-core optical fibers have previously been demonstrated as a promising platform for high temperature sensing. However, the density of gratings that could be written on a single fiber was limited by undesired reflections associated with higher order modes in these high numerical aperture fibers. This resulted in a complex, broadband reflection spectrum with limited multiplexing capability. In this work we utilize modifications to the fine structure of the suspended core optical fibers to fine tune the relative confinement loss of the optical fiber modes, thus reducing the contribution from such higher order modes. The effects of these changes on mode propagation are modeled, giving a range of fibers with different confinement loss properties which can be tailored to the specific length scale of a desired application. We achieve single-peak reflections from individual fiber Bragg gratings, significantly improving performance for multipoint sensing and demonstrate this technique by writing 20 gratings onto a single fiber.
Speckled speckled speckle
Authors: Dove Justin , Shapiro Jeffrey H.
Published: July 2020

Speckle is the spatial fluctuation of irradiance seen when coherent light is reflected from a rough surface. It is due to light reflected from the surface’s many nooks and crannies accumulating vastly discrepant time delays, spanning much more than an optical period, en route to an observation point. Although speckle with continuous-wave (cw) illumination is well understood, the emerging interest in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) imaging using coherent light has created the need to understand the higher-order speckle that results from multiple rough-surface reflections, viz., speckled speckle and speckled speckled speckle. Moreover, the recent introduction of phasor-field (

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-field) NLoS imaging—which relies on amplitude-modulated coherent illumination—requires pushing beyond cw scenarios for speckle and higher-order speckle. In this paper, we take first steps in addressing the foregoing needs using a three-diffuser transmissive geometry that is a proxy for three-bounce NLoS imaging. In the small-diffusers limit, we show that the irradiance variances of cw and modulated nth-order speckle coincide and are (2
n
 − 1)-times those of ordinary (first-order) speckle. The more important case for NLoS imaging, however, involves extended diffuse reflectors. For our transmissive geometry with extended diffusers, we treat third-order cw speckle and first-order modulated speckle. Our results there imply that speckle is unlikely to impede successful operation of coherent-illumination cw imagers, and they suggest that the same might be true for

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-field imagers.
Fundamental quantum limits in ellipsometry
Authors: Rudnicki Ł. , Sánchez-Soto L. L. , Leuchs G. , Boyd R. W.
Published: July 2020

We establish the ultimate limits that quantum theory imposes on the accuracy attainable in optical ellipsometry. We show that the standard quantum limit, as usually reached when the incident light is in a coherent state, can be surpassed with the use of appropriate squeezed states and, for tailored beams, even pushed to the ultimate Heisenberg limit.
Simple technique for determining the refractive index of phase-change materials using near-infrared reflectometry
Authors: Gemo E. , Kesava S. V. , Ruiz De Galarreta C. , Trimby L. , García-Cuevas Carrillo S. , Riede M. , Baldycheva A. , Alexeev A. , Wright C. D.
Published: July 2020

Phase-change materials, such as the well-known ternary alloy Ge2Sb2Te5, are essential to many types of photonic devices, from re-writeable optical disk memories to more recent developments such as phase-change displays, reconfigurable optical metasurfaces, and integrated phase-change photonic devices and systems. The successful design and development of such applications and devices requires accurate knowledge of the complex refractive index of the phase-change material being used. To this end, it is common practice to rely on published experimental refractive index data. However, published values can vary quite significantly for notionally the same composition, no doubt due to variations in fabrication/deposition processes. Rather than rely on published data, a more reliable approach to index determination is to measure the properties of as-fabricated films, and this is usually carried out using specialized and dedicated ellipsometric equipment. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective alternative to ellipsometry, based on spectroscopic reflectance measurements of Fabry–Perot phase-change nanocavities. We describe this alternative approach in detail, apply it to measurement of the complex index of the archetypal phase-change materials Ge2Sb2Te5 and GeTe, and compare the results to those obtained using conventional ellipsometry, where we find good agreement.
Incentivierung von Prosumern auf einem elektronischen Marktplatz für personennahe Dienstleistungen
Authors: Hofmann Jan
Published: July 2020

Im Kontext des BMBF-geförderten Verbundprojekts INSELpro bieten Prosumer ihre Dienste auf einem Markt der örtlichen Nachbarschaftsdienstleistungen an. Hilfebedürftigen Mitbürgern in einem geografischen Quartierbereich werden über die Dienstleistungsplattform zu ihrer jeweiligen Unterstützungsanforderung passende Helfer vermittelt, die sich grundsätzlich dazu bereit erklärt haben, Hilfe zu leisten. Nachfrage und Angebot werden über eine Sharing-Plattform vermittelt, aber außerhalb dieser endgültig vereinbart und erbracht. Die Besonderheit ist dabei, dass die Auswahl der Hilfswilligen für die Anfrager auf Basis einer Matrix aus benötigten und vorhandenen Fähigkeiten eingeschränkt wird, was die Vermittlungsqualität verbessert.

Das Forschungsprojekt setzt auf den wissenschaftlichen Ansatz des Prototyping, bei dem ein Artefakt (hier: die Vermittlungsplattform mit einer App als Frontend) in mehreren iterativen Zyklen entwickelt wird. Dabei sind jeweils nutzerzentrierte Evaluationen direkt an die einzelnen Entwicklungsschritte angekoppelt, um ggf. Fehlentwicklungen direkt gegensteuern zu können.

Um die Beteiligung an dieser elektronisch unterstützten und koordinierten Art der Nachbarschaftshilfe auszubauen bzw. auf einem hohen Niveau zu halten, sind unterschiedliche Maßnahmen denkbar. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Ansätze zur Incentivierung der beteiligten Prosumenten auf, die sowohl online als auch offline durchführbar sind.
Surviving Technopolis: Essays on Finding Balance in Our New Man-Made Environments, Arthur W. Hunt III (2013)
Authors: Casey Cheryl A.
Published: July 2020

Review of: Surviving Technopolis: Essays on Finding Balance in Our New Man-Made Environments, Arthur W. Hunt III (2013)

Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 130 pp.,

ISBN-13 978-1-49826-596-6, h/bk, $36.00, p/bk, $16.00, Kindle, $9.99
The effects of the economic crisis and managerialism in social work: a study of working practices and relationship reshaping
Authors: Cellini Giovanni , Scavarda Alice
Published: July 2020

Introduction. This paper explores some of the recent transformations in social work in Italy, against the backdrop of the economic crisis and the processes of rationalization. Specifically, the aim is to understand the relationship between managerialism and professional autonomy in social work. Methodology. The article presents a qualitative study conducted in Northern Italy through 40 interviews with practitioners and managers from two different services. A comparative analysis of the representations of labor practices was performed. Results. Managerialism has direct consequences on social workers’ professional practices. Efforts to achieve efficiency have led to the standardization of work and curtailed professional autonomy. Bureaucratic tasks have encroached on working time, leaving less time for professional relations. Discussion and conclusions. The rise of managerialism can deplete the ethical content of social work practice. However, empirical data show that there is no confrontation between managers and practitioners, and that there are no signs of collective strategies of resistance to the risk of de-professionalization.
La experiencia de Arquitectura / Alicante ¿como referencia para la reforma universitaria? Un encuentro en Sevilla con J.M. Torres Nadal
Authors: Pérez de Lama José
Published: July 2020

Recientemente “celebramos” en Sevilla – muy apropiado el verbo en esta ocasión – la presentación del libro de José María Torres Nadal y compañeros de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Alicante, titulado Arquitectura in-dependiente. El acto consistió en que varias colegas hicimos algunos comentarios y planteamos algunas preguntas que José María fue contestando mostrando diferentes partes del libro y supongo que añadiendo algunas cosas más. Mis comentarios y preguntas los planteé más en torno a a mis experiencias en la Escuela de Arquitectura de Alicante –– y es que el libro trata de eso, de la historia de la Escuela, desde principios de los 80 hasta ahora, aunque en el libro se cuente más bien como una historia de ideas y experiencias, incluso aventuras diría uno, que una historia en su sentido más convencional.
El lenguaje no verbal como elemento constructor de estereotipos femeninos en la comedia de situación Modern Family
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Darío , Hernández-Herrarte María , Fernández-Ramos María-Yolanda
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo de investigación se articula en el estudio de la estereotipación que proyectan los personajes protagonistas femeninos en la sitcom norteamericana Modern Family a través de su comunicación no verbal. La elección de esta serie de televisión responde tanto a criterios de contenido como temporales y de actualidad.La parte práctica de este artículo se ha desarrollado mediante la técnica del análisis de contenido y se ha llevado a cabo a través de la identificación de los principales patrones no verbales de los personajes seleccionados y su posterior puesta en relación con los distintos estereotipos femeninos presentes en la comedia de situación.De esta forma, se ha podido establecer como principal conclusión que, a pesar de tratarse de una serie que muestra una familia americana atípica en la que tienen cabida maneras muy diferentes de afrontar la vida cotidiana, sigue transmitiendo una imagen altamente estereotipada y plagada de tópicos especialmente en lo que respecta a sus personajes femeninos.
Emociones tóxicas en la nueva esfera pública: controversias mediáticas y discurso del odio
Authors: Alcácer-Guirao Rafael , Fouce Héctor
Published: July 2020

El castigo penal a los discursos de odio se ha generalizado en España en los últimos años: uno de los argumentos para negarle la protección reforzada de la libertad de expresión es que, por su carácter irracional, no merece la calificación de discurso. Para discutir esta idea, ofrecemos una aproximación interdisciplinaria que conecta los principios jurídicos de la libertad de expresión con la centralidad de la deliberación en la esfera pública en las sociedades democráticas a través de una revisión de cómo el discurso ofrece un espacio de mediación entre las emociones y la acción. Defendemos que una esfera pública diversa en la que se permitan incluso los discursos ofensivos necesita de la mediación de los medios de comunicación en tanto estos sean capaces de reconfigurar su lugar en la esfera pública ofreciendo modelos participativos y recuperen su lugar como espacios de encuentro y conversación de las comunidades.
Desinformación en redes sociales: ¿compartimentos estancos o espacios dialécticos? El caso Luther King, Quim Torra y El Confidencial
Authors: Orbegozo-Terradillos Julen , Morales-i-Gras Jordi , Larrondo-Ureta Ainara
Published: July 2020

Este artículo examina la difusión de una desinformación publicada por el diario digital El Confidencial en un contexto políticamente polarizado y analiza su comportamiento en la conversación digital en Twitter. La noticia seleccionada relaciona unas palabras pronunciadas por el presidente de la Generalitat de Cataluña, Quim Torra, en uno de sus discursos oficiales, y la respuesta del instituto creado en honor al activista por los derechos civiles Luther King. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la influencia de las relaciones virtuales ideológicamente mediadas a la hora de determinar la exposición a determinada información. El estudio empírico aplica técnicas de análisis de datos masivos en redes sociales, capturados y elaborados a partir de la herramienta Twitter Capture and Analysis Toolset (DMI-TCAT) y aplicando el algoritmo Louvain Multinivell. Se consigue así conocer cómo la información incorrecta y las correcciones posteriores se difunden de manera desigual en una red altamente politizada, en la que diferentes grupos de usuarios están expuestos a diferente información. Se analizan 27.648 actores y 76.815 conexiones. Además, se discute la utilidad de la Red Social y el Ánalisis de Big Data en la detección de propagación de noticias falsas y su eventual mitigación.
Análisis de sentimientos en Twitter aplicado al #impeachment de Donald Trump
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Karines , Haber-Guerra Yamile
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo expone conclusiones sobre los sentimientos emitidos en Twitter con respecto al impeachment de Donald Trump.  Asumimos un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo, que permitió la obtención de resultados sobre aspectos emotivos asociados al discurso de usuarios de Estados Unidos en la esfera pública. La perspectiva investigativa utilizada reside en una estrategia transdisciplinar para entender los sentimientos relevantes de los tweets en el contexto de su producción.  En el caso de estudio se aplican metodologías de minería de datos y sus tipologías: texto, grafo y multimedia, así como el análisis del discurso multimodal para la extracción y evaluación de valores afectivos respecto al juicio. Proponemos tener en cuenta todos los soportes, códigos y prácticas de producción discursiva en el microblogging: los textos escritos e hipertextos, enlaces sociales, reacciones, contenidos multimediales y las identidades de los usuarios en una relación sistémica de significados. Las publicaciones de las comunidades virtuales en las redes sociales sobre procesos políticos son de vital estudio en situaciones electorales y acontecimientos mediáticos de alto grado de polarización.
From Heroes to Traitors: Political Populism in the Catalan Independence Movement’s Use of Social Networking Sites
Authors: Manfredi Juan-Luis , Del-Fresno-García Miguel
Published: July 2020

This study analyses how social networking sites can prompt or delay a political decision, regardless of the veracity of the messages shared. Specifically, focus is directed on the 24 hours from 26 to 27 of October 2017, when an unconfirmed piece of news substantially affected the framing of the political leadership of Carles Puigdemont, the then president of the Generalitat de Cataluña (regional government of Catalonia). Those supporting independence altered their perception of Puigdemont, breaking with the narrative of the hero to accuse him of betrayal. For its part, the discourse of the constitutionalists was similarly polarised. Finally, it should be noted that social networking sites relied on the messages published in the conventional media which, by way of the daily news and breaking news, shaped the public conversation.
Enseñanza y aprendizaje en las carreras de Relaciones Públicas de Brasil: incorporación de plataformas digitales
Authors: Ferrari Maria-Aparecida , Martins Juliane , Theodoro Victor
Published: July 2020

Investigaciones acerca de la incorporación de plataformas digitales en las carreras de Relaciones Públicas es algo reciente en Brasil. La vertiginosa revolución tecnológica ha impactado la sociedad y, como consecuencia, ha provocado cambios en la gestión de la comunicación en las organizaciones. Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs) se han convertido en grandes facilitadoras del proceso comunicacional. Ese escenario ha obligado a las carreras de Relaciones Públicas a adoptar nuevas metodologías y herramientas para apoyar las prácticas pedagógicas frente al nuevo perfil de los estudiantes. Es sobre ese trasfondo que se realizó la presente investigación, que empleó una combinación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Los resultados destacan la adopción de tecnologías como estrategia para motivar el interés de los estudiantes y para responder a la transformación digital de la comunicación de las organizaciones contemporáneas, una vez que los públicos exigen cada vez más transparencia. Cabe destacar, sin embargo, que, pese a que las tecnologías estén consideradas importantes aportes, su eficacia debe estar condicionada a su plena integración en el proceso formativo del estudiante. A modo de conclusión, la reflexión acerca de las TICs en el ámbito de la práctica de las Relaciones Públicas debe estar centrada no solo en nuevas herramientas, sino en la capacidad de las carreras para preparar profesionales capaces de producir una mejor comunicación a la sociedad.
Performance-Based Learning: A Case Study in Experiential Education
Authors: Kihm Holly S. , Slawson Jayetta
Published: July 2020

Experiential education is a highly prized and effective interdisciplinary methodology to supplement classroom instruction and to improve student learning. Experiential theories have a wide reach, traceable to Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates. John Dewey's pivotal work Experience and
Education, first published in 1938, is canonical in academic scholarship and has been expanded on throughout the 20 th century, most notably by Kolb's scholarship spanning the 1980s to present day (Dewey, 1938). David Kolb's four-stage learning cycle is still used across disciplines in
scholar's conversations on useful methods for helping students grasp complex academic content and experience transformative learning opportunities (Kolb, 2015). Four senior-level projects carried out in a special topics course in Family and Consumer Sciences at Southeastern Louisiana University
provided students with an opportunity to rehearse the research skills they will need after graduation. These experiential learning projects focused on the obesity epidemic in the United States; they had a significant impact on student learning, not only for professional preparation, but also
for emphasizing a topic of social significance.
ROLE OF FLUID ON THE CONTACT DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE
Authors: Swain Michael V.
Published: July 2020

This paper will focus on the role of fluids on the indentation deformation response of tooth and eye tissues. All natural biological materials contain fluid and function in a fluidic environment, which plays a critical role in responding to loading events as well as tissue nutrition. The location of this fluid varies and is considered as both bound and mobile with much of it located in cell compartments that are also able to respond directly to loading. The extent of the fluid content varies from less than 10 % in the case of the highly mineralised enamel to more than 80 % in the case of soft eye tissues. The role of the fluid and its response during loading is also complicated by the hierarchical structure of biological tissues, be they mineralised or not. The mechanisms by which the presence of fluid in these materials influences the mechanical response is still poorly understood and has not been systematically investigated. The present paper presents data generated over many years on both the above biological tissues and attempts to present indications as to the mechanism(s) by which the presence of fluid contributes to the deformation. The situation associated with contact loading with the presence of mobile fluid in the tissues results in a more complex situation than the classic elastic-plastic contact situation, but the latter still forms the basis for much of the analysis of instrumented indentation force-displacement load-unloading curves using various shapes of indenters, especially for mineralised structures. In the case of soft tissues the absence of agreed protocols for interpretation of force-displacement-time responses is restricting clinical/biological applications.
LASER-INDUCED SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES FOR THIN FILM CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Kudělka Radim , Václavek Lukáš , Tomáštík Jan , Malecová Sabina , Čtvrtlík Radim
Published: July 2020

Knowledge of mechanical properties of thin films is essential for most of their applications. However, their determination can be problematic for very thin films. LAW (Laser-induced acoustic waves) is a combined acousto-optic method capable of measuring films with thickness from few nanometers. It utilizes ultrasound surface waves which are excited via short laser pulses and detected by a PVDF foil. Properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and density of both the film and the substrate as well as film thickness can be explored.Results from the LAW method are successfully compared with nanoindentation for Young’s modulus evaluation and with optical method for film thickness evaluation and also with literature data. Application of LAW for anisotropy mapping of materials with cubic crystallographic lattice is also demonstrated.
CADERNO DE BORDO DO SR. CLANDESTINO
Authors: Beretta Gargione Denisson , Graeff Lucas
Published: July 2020

Este artigo trata do processo de pesquisa e criação teatral que deu origem ao Caderno de Bordo do Sr. Clandestino. Conceitualmente, o processo de pesquisa dialogou com noções oriundas do campo da memória social, em particular as de engajamento e bricolagem. Do ponto de vista metodológico, discute-se o passo-a-passo do trabalho de pesquisa e apresenta-se o Caderno de Bordo em fomato de sketchbook digital. Na conclusão, sublinha-se a importância da cooperação entre a imaginação e os registros memoriais como base da criação dramatúrgica, cênica e performática.
Textual Presupposition: An Intertextual Account
Authors: Salih Salah M.
Published: July 2020

Whereas there has been ample research on presupposition, and different taxonomies have been put forward on the various types of presupposition, presupposition triggers, on the difference between entailment and presupposition, and on the dichotomy semantic presupposition/pragmatic presupposition, the interrelationship between presupposition and intertextuality has not received due attention. In some philosophical and linguistic accounts, the presupposition is preserved as a meaning-based notion and thereby accounted for in non -intertextual way where only propositions that are accepted and taken for granted by speaker/ writer count. The present study argues for an intertextual account of presupposition, where the proposition is not the property of the speaker/writer per se; rather, the presupposed proposition is interpreted in terms of intertextual relations with previous texts. The aim of the present article was to find; changed to, what kind of knowledge text producers expect their audience to have to be able to process new texts; what kind of knowledge text producers presuppose in the creation of new texts; the conceptual status of presupposition when new information is conveyed; and how presuppositions obtain in the case of intertextuality. This has been accomplished by drawing on both notions: Presupposition and intertextuality to argue whereas the two notions have been kept separate in non-intertextual accounts on presupposed propositions, both notions work on the same level of drawing on the text, and therefore to argue for coining a new term textual presupposition.
Come Inside my Silence and Know me
Authors: Saleh Asmaa M.
Published: July 2020

Deafness has been considered an exceptional condition and people who have this individuality are recognized all over the world as weak, fragile, deformed, and in great need for help from other “fit “people. The problem of integrating deaf people in their societies has been risen since the 19th century. There appeared two camps; one which advocated for teaching the deaf individuals the skills that enable them to blend in the world of “hearing people “while the other camp, the manualists, called for teaching and learning sign language as a means of communication. Amid all the conflicts between those two camps appeared literary works that dealt with this issue. In Children of a Lesser God which was written 1980 by the American playwright Mark Medoff, there is a manifestation of this conflict presented by the dramatist through the characters of his play and through a love relationship between a hearing man and a deaf woman. The play depicts the suffering of a deaf woman in a hearing society and the abuse she gets from people who are unable to appreciate her uniqueness as a human being. She faces a hostile attitude starting from her parents, society, and eventually from the man she love. The current work aims at exploring the leading female character in the play and how her deafness has added to the restrictions she experiences as a woman
Trauma in August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson
Authors: Maulood Nahro O. , Barzani Sherzad SH.
Published: July 2020

August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson (1987) is a play which deals with the social life of a broken African American family in Pittsburg – a city in Pennsylvania – who migrated from the South. The family’s grandparents, who were slaves on a Southern plantation, were separated and exchanged with a piano. This shocking incident causes cross-generational trauma and other traumatic incidents for the family as they retrieved the piano. This study examines the play through the lens of Literary Trauma Theory. This theory appeared in the middle of 1990s, henceforth it has been developed by so many scholars, and the latest revision is made by Joshua Pederson, an Associate Professor of Humanities at Boston University, in 2014. The first wave of the theorists claim that trauma causes amnesia for the victims; they can neither remember nor describe what they have experienced, but Pederson in his revised edition of the theory proves the opposite. By applying the latest version of trauma theory this study shows how slavery, its aftermath or its legacy affected and haunted African Americans, and created trauma or historical trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for the African Americans.
Hell Being Other People in Jean-Paul Sartre’s Play No Exit
Authors: Mahdi Sanaa M.
Published: July 2020

In modern world, hell is not the punishment but the society in which we live and the people who surround us. Through their interference in our affairs, those people make our life miserable and look like hell. This research deals with Jean Paul Sartre's play No Exit (1944) illuminating the afterlife of the others. He used three dead characters that are punished by being imprisoned into a room together for eternity. He symbolizes the room as a hell in order to represent the real world around us. Their coming into this small hell shows their indispensability to one another. They represent the essential idea of the play that others are torture for us. By emphasizing on the notion of hell being other people, Sartre shows that man's pain, suffering, depression are due to others. By repeating his prominent line 'Hell is Other People', Sartre concentrates on the relation of people that is always conflict; meaning that other people just being annoying. For him, the mere presence of another person will definitely trouble the others due to his interference in private matters. For that reason, Sartre portrays hell as a room with no torture or flames as the real torture is the presence of others. Through concentrating on the nature of man's existence, Sartre can reveal the problems of both man and society as well.
Irony in Kate Chopin’s Selected Short Stories
Authors: Hassan Hazha S. , Tayib Chinar K.
Published: July 2020

Many authors often employ irony as a powerful literary device since it makes the language of their literary works more suggestive and more emphatic. They usually use irony as a kind of satire, thereby to emphasize faults in their characters or in society in general.  Among the American writers who use irony in their short stories is Kate Chopin. This study aims to discuss the nature of irony in Kate Chopin’s three short stories, “The Story of an Hour”, “The Storm”, and “Desiree’s Baby”. The study tries to analyze the presence of three main types of irony, their functions, their relation to the theme or message of the story, and the reasons behind the use of irony. The study concludes that though Chopin satirizes her contemporary society through irony, her irony is neither humorous nor funny but invariably tragic. She deliberately uses irony in her stories. She creates an atmosphere of suspense by adding turns and twists to the stories in order to shock the reader. Another reason for using irony is to employ her unconventional ideas about the condition of women and to bring the reader to the main theme of the story. Moreover, the ultimate goal behind all is to criticize as well as to highlight the flaws of the American patriarchal society of her lifetime and to support her feminist ideas.
Child Narration in Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird”
Authors: Mohammed Mushtaq A. , Abd Alhadi May H.
Published: July 2020

Children's stories have a significant role in American literature. Such a role is regarded as both instructive and entertaining. A child narration, to Harper Lee (1926–2016), the American novelist, reveals some hidden messages about how a child can develop and can succeed to conform to society. A narrator, to her, could or could not be a character in the events. If a child narrates the events of a novel, he/she will definitely simplify the topics he/she narrates. Hence, Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird portrays a world that is exotic to the reader. The present paper aims to explore how the novel introduces the struggles and the disadvantages of Western society through a child’s narration, which includes the point of view and language. It also tackles how the capacity of childhood innocence shows people’ behavior clearly. This study tries to find some answers to the following questions: Why did Lee use child narration? What is the aim of using first-person narration? Was the narrator successful in reflecting the truth of events as adults did? The paper also aims at shedding light on the western problems through the child’s eyes. It attempts through child narration to expose people’s deceptive appearances, racism, and class distinction.
Giving and Interpreting Compliments in English and Kurdish
Authors: Fattah Bikhtiyar O.
Published: July 2020

Compliment as one of the language strategies is used to soften the process of interactions. The way that compliments are given or interpreted as well as the frequency of using them vary from a language to another, from a community to another, and from a person to another. This study tries to track down compliments to illustrate their differences and the similarities in both concerned communities. Complimenting as a lubricant strategy does not always fulfill the purpose, and cannot always be easily employed due to the interactants' differences in terms of cultural backgrounds, social status, gender, and many other social and personal issues. Therefore, giving compliments is regarded as one of the problematic issues, and may cause a kind of misunderstanding among the interactants particularly in a cross-cultural environment. This study draws on both quantitative and qualitative approaches in the process of data collection.  It aims at examining the giving and interpretation of compliment from a socio-pragmatic perspective. It comprehensively considers the concept of compliment, diversity of compliments across cultures, the differences in giving compliments in English and Kurdish as well as showing the relationship between compliment and flattery in these two different communities.
Covert Persuasion in English Advertisements and Political Speeches
Authors: Dawd Karzan O. , Salih Salah M.
Published: July 2020

Persuasion has always been an integral aspect of human interaction that operates in different professional and lingua-cultural settings. The notion of persuasion as a key component of communication was brought into the world by classical rhetoric. Although, the art and science of persuasion has been of interest since the time of the Ancient Greeks, there are fundamental differences between the ways in which persuasion occurs today and how it has occurred in the past. While previous studies have been conducted regarding persuasion in advertisement and political speeches, the current research, however, is a quest for the underlying covert persuasion strategies adopted by advertising agencies and political figures or parties. Moreover, while previous studies have concentrated on how language relates to power and what linguistic elements are used by politicians and advertisers to persuade their voters and costumers, the current paper has meticulously focused on the covert attempts and endeavors by politicians and advertisers who employ various elusive techniques to serve their concealed intentions. The scope of this research primarily focuses on two major fields – Advertisement and Political Speeches. Ten texts have been analyzed where persuasion plays a vital role in the way of getting customers and voters to change attitude, belief and act in certain ways. It has been found that covert persuasion best functions within the trope category (mainly metaphor, allusion, and metonymy) which is primarily realized through the mediation of semantic meaning. Schemes have no function within covert persuasion as they are basically more blatant. Two persuasion strategies, three persuasion techniques, and the use of personal pronouns all serve covert persuasion purposes. And covert persuasion can be more effective than overt persuasion in that they batter serve positive face.
Demystifying the Other
Authors: Abdulsalm Hamid B.
Published: July 2020

This paper harnesses the term Other, though not in a strictly postcolonial sense, to uncover an essential role war poetry played to reveal a hidden side often overshadowed by war propaganda. The two poems, Hardy’s “The Man He Killed” and Owen’s “Strange Meeting,” serve as effective counter war propaganda tools that demystify a crucial element of war ideology that the enemy is an Other: The enemy is unlike me. Wilfred, an outspoken poet of the evils of war, and Thomas Hardy, who penned in some of his poems his abhorrence to war, show that the Other which stands for their enemies could have been a friend had the spatiotemporal factors been different. Both poets enact an imaginary meeting between the speakers and their enemies. Moreover, the paper traces the various poetic techniques that are employed by those poets to achieve this goal. Whereas Owen, for instance, uses pararhyme to depict the fallacy of war claims by drawing attention to the unlikelihood of the meeting in real life, Hardy resorts to punctuation marks to probe the sense of guilt his speaker endures as a result of killing his “enemy.” The form of the two poems contributes to the sense that war propaganda fails to sustain itself in legitimizing the act of killing and thus providing a shield against the feeling of remorse. Throughout the two poems, the Other is no longer a stranger nor is an enemy in the first place. Owen finds that his enemy is a poet who has had similar dreams and ambitions. Thomas Hardy, on the Other hand, reflects how he could have offered the man he killed in battle a drink or even lent him money had they met elsewhere.
Practices of Maleficium in English Literature
Authors: Hasan Shaymaa F.
Published: July 2020

There is a long tradition among scholars to establish a link between the practice of black magic and culture. Black magic is seen as a category under which various beliefs and practices which are usually separated from religion and science are placed. These practices are most of the time associated with evil and demons. It has been observed that the role of black magic and witchcraft influenced Western societies to a large extent as it was not only the subject of literature but also of the interest to the whole society. Fears of witchcraft and black magic grew more intense and consequently led to “witch hunts” in many Western societies. In this paper, I argue that in English literature, the practice of black magic and witchcraft has been represented as a cultural practice. My paper provides a quick survey to trace back the practices of witchcraft in selected literary works from English literature. In my analysis, I focus of how the practice of black magic and sorcery is embedded within the texts to reflect people’s obsession of it. For the sake of my argument, I will use the word “Maleficium” as an umbrella term to refer to all the practices, which include: Black magic, witchcraft, sorcery, necromancy, and voodoo
Gender in Ann Veronica: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Abubakr Zhino J. , Ahmed Lubna F.
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the differences that can be detected in the language produced by male and female talk. The study’s specific focus is on gender performance by both interlocutors. It concentrates on the way gender is represented in the 20th century British novel by considering social, cultural and ideological factors. The data used for such analysis is a modern British novel “Ann Veronica,” which is written by H. G. Wells, a feminist writer, in 1909. The approach that is used for the analysis is Critical discourse analysis, which is used to investigate the way the characters in the novel perform gender, which also concentrates on revealing gender ideologies and gender power that cause gender inequality. The study also uses conversation analysis to show the organization of the conversation between the characters, male and female, which explain how the conversation is opened and closed and how the sequences are arranged between the characters. The most important conclusions are: gender stereotypes that cause gender inequality are performed in British society. Women are constructed as inferior to men. The study also concludes that women’s gender identities are only limited to domestics. Besides, men have the most power in the society; that is why women are not allowed to be free and independent.
Laurie Halse Anderson’s Speak
Authors: Ahmed Arsto N. , Mohammed Rebwar Z.
Published: July 2020

Speak (1999) is Laurie Halse Anderson’s first novel that calls attention to a critical, social issue that is common to girls entering teenagehood in the United States. The novel tells the specific story of the rape and subsequent selective silence of a ninth-grade protagonist named Melinda Sordino. Since the novel’s focus is on sexual violence and its associated traumatic responses, this paper offers an analysis of the novel through contemporary trauma theory. It presents Melinda’s painful narrative by depicting the impairment that the rape trauma causes in her behaviour, attitudes, thinking, interactions, and her overall well-being. In addition to exposing the adverse psychological effects on the victim, it scrutinises the tools she employs during her journey towards healing or recovery. This is done through demonstrating how Melinda’s resilience in the face of traumatic experience, reconciliation with her miserable situation, and acts of resistance to be changed by this experience can be read in the context of recovery rather than of madness and illness, as the traditional trauma theories could possibly suggest. Reading the novel through the lens of contemporary trauma theory makes one realise that Anderson’s work fulfils the goal of empowering survivors of rape, and it thus contributes to the recovery of those individuals who have undergone sexual violence at some point in their lives.