bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Optimal Sequential State Discrimination for Linearly Independent Pure Quantum States
Authors: Namkung Min , Kwon Younghun
Published: April 2018

Recently, J. A. Bergou et al. proposed sequential state discrimination as a new quantum state discrimination scheme. In the scheme, by the successful sequential discrimination of a qubit state, receivers Bob and Charlie can share the information of the qubit prepared by a sender Alice. A merit of the scheme is that a quantum channel is established between Bob and Charlie, but a classical communication is not allowed. In this report, we present a method for extending the original sequential state discrimination of two qubit states to a scheme of N linearly independent pure quantum states. Specifically, we obtain the conditions for the sequential state discrimination of N = 3 pure quantum states. We can analytically provide conditions when there is a special symmetry among N = 3 linearly independent pure quantum states. Additionally, we show that the scenario proposed in this study can be applied to quantum key distribution. Furthermore, we show that the sequential state discrimination of three qutrit states performs better than the strategy of probabilistic quantum cloning.
Critical roles of TRPV2 channels, histamine H1 and adenosine A1 receptors in the initiation of acupoint signals for acupuncture analgesia
Authors: Huang Meng , Wang Xuezhi , Xing Beibei , Yang Hongwei , Sa Zheyan , Zhang Di , Yao Wei , Yin Na , Xia Ying , Ding Guanghong
Published: April 2018

Acupuncture is one of the most promising modalities in complimentary medicine. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood yet. We found that in TRPV2 knockout male mice, acupuncture-induced analgesia was suppressed with a decreased activation of mast cells in the acupoints stimulated. The mast cell stabilizer sodium cromolyn could suppress the release of adenosine in the acupoints on male rats. A direct injection of adenosine A1 receptor agonist or histamine H1 receptor agonist increased β-endorphin in the cerebral-spinal fluid in the acute adjuvant arthritis male rats and thus replicated the analgesic effect of acupuncture. These observations suggest that the mast cell is the central structure of acupoints and is activated by acupuncture through TRPV2 channels. The mast cell transduces the mechanical stimuli to acupuncture signal by activating either H1 or A1 receptors, therefore triggering the acupuncture effect in the subject. These findings might open new frontiers for acupuncture research.
Author Correction: Circulating Haptoglobin and Metabolic Syndrome in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Minović Isidor , Eisenga Michele F. , Riphagen Ineke J. , van den Berg Else , Kootstra-Ros Jenny , Frenay Anne-Roos S. , van Goor Harry , Rimbach Gerald , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Levy Andy P. , Gaillard Carlo A. J. M. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Eggersdorfer Manfred L. , Navis Gerjan J. , Kema Ido P. , Bakker Stephan J. L.
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Ridge-furrow with plastic film and straw mulch increases water availability and wheat production on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Liu Gaoyuan , Zuo Yuhuan , Zhang Qi , Yang Lili , Zhao Erlong , Liang Lianyou , Tong Yan’ an
Published: April 2018

Mulching is critical for increasing water availability and hence winter wheat production in dryland farming systems. A two-year study was conducted to assess the effects of mulches on soil water storage (SWS), temperature, water use efficiency (WUE) and yields of winter wheat on the Loess Plateau. Four treatments were examined: conventional flat planting (CK), straw mulch (FPS), transparent plastic film mulch (FPP) and ridge-furrow with plastic film-mulched ridge and straw-mulched furrow (RFPS). Compared with CK, RFPS greatly increased SWS from 0–60 cm, FPP increased SWS from 0–40 cm, and FPS slightly increased SWS from 0–60 cm; however, FPP significantly (P < 0.05) decreased SWS from 61–100 cm. RFPS and FPP increased soil temperatures in cold seasons relative to CK, especially in RFPS (2.0–2.3 °C). Meanwhile, the rate of soil temperature increase was greater in RFPS and FPP than in CK but was lower in FPS. Mean yields were significantly increased in RFPS (56.78%), FPP (44.72%) and FPS (9.57%), and WUE was significantly increased in RFPS (44.04%) and in FPP (37.50%) compared with CK (P < 0.05). We conclude that ridge-furrow planting with plastic film-mulched ridge and straw-mulched furrow has a good potential for raising winter wheat production on the Loess Plateau.
Identification of QTN and candidate genes for Salinity Tolerance at the Germination and Seedling Stages in Rice by Genome-Wide Association Analyses
Authors: Naveed Shahzad Amir , Zhang Fan , Zhang Jian , Zheng Tian-Qing , Meng Li-Jun , Pang Yun-Long , Xu Jian-Long , Li Zhi-Kang
Published: April 2018

To facilitate developing rice varieties tolerant to salt stress, a panel of 208 rice mini-core accessions collected from 25 countries were evaluated for 13 traits associated with salt tolerance (ST) at the germination and seedling stages. The rice panel showed tremendous variation for all measured ST traits and eight accessions showing high levels of ST at either and/or both the germination and seedling stages. Using 395,553 SNP markers covering ~372 Mb of the rice genome and multi-locus mixed linear models, 20 QTN associated with 11 ST traits were identified by GWAS, including 6 QTN affecting ST at the germination stage and 14 QTN for ST at the seedling stage. The integration of bioinformatic with haplotype analyses for the ST QTN lets us identify 22 candidate genes for nine important ST QTN (qGR3, qSNK1, qSNK12, qSNC1, qSNC6, qRNK2, qSDW9a, qSST5 and qSST9). These candidate genes included three known ST genes (SKC1, OsTZF1 and OsEATB) for QTN qSNK1 qSST5 and qSST9. Candidate genes showed significant phenotypic differences in ST traits were detected between or among 2–4 major haplotypes. Thus, our results provided useful materials and genetic information for improving rice ST in future breeding and for molecular dissection of ST in rice.
Highly efficient base editing in bacteria using a Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusion
Authors: Zheng Ke , Wang Yang , Li Na , Jiang Fang-Fang , Wu Chang-Xian , Liu Fang , Chen Huan-Chun , Liu Zheng-Fei
Published: April 2018

The ability to precisely edit individual bases of bacterial genomes would accelerate the investigation of the function of genes. Here we utilized a nickase Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusion protein to direct the conversion of cytosine to thymine within prokaryotic cells, resulting in high mutagenesis frequencies in Escherichia coli and Brucella melitensis. Our study suggests that CRISPR/Cas9-guided base-editing is a viable alternative approach to generate mutant bacterial strains.
Direct observation of tin sites and their reversible interconversion in zeolites by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Qi Guodong , Wang Qiang , Xu Jun , Wu Qinming , Wang Chao , Zhao Xingling , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Fengshou , Deng Feng
Published: April 2018

Metal-substituted zeolites are an important type of solid Lewis acid with a wide range of applications. Despite the importance of this type of catalyst, identifying active sites can be challenging because different types of metal sites experience similar environments in zeolites. Here we show direct observation of different tin sites in Sn-β zeolite. Two types of open tin sites are unambiguously identified via correlating the hydroxyl groups to Sn atoms with one- and two-dimensional proton-detected 1H/119Sn correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy, which only amounts to ca. 17% of the total tin content. A reversible transformation between the open and closed tin site is observed. The results provide valuable insights into the nature of tin sites in Sn-β zeolite and open an avenue for the use of proton-detected solid-state NMR methods for characterization of metal sites in zeolite catalysts.
Colorimetric sensor for cimetidine detection in human urine based on d-xylose protected gold nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Fan , Wu PinPing , Wang RuYa , Liu Wei , He Hua
Published: April 2018

A simple, novel, and rapid colorimetric sensor for cimetidine (Cim) detection based on d-xylose protected gold nanoparticles (d-x@AuNPs) has been developed for the first time.
Regulating the emission of tetraphenylethenes by changing the alkoxyl linkage length between two neighboring phenyl moieties
Authors: Lou Dandan , Lu Xiangcheng , Zhang Mengxing , Bai Ming , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: April 2018

Alkoxyl linkages with different carbon lengths are introduced at the ortho positions of the two phenyl moieties at one end of ethylene in the tetraphenylethene framework, resulting in successful regulation of the emission properties of the TPE derivatives.
Carbohydrate binding through first- and second-sphere coordination within aromatic oligoamide metallofoldamers
Authors: Mateus Pedro , Wicher Barbara , Ferrand Yann , Huc Ivan
Published: April 2018

Aromatic oligoamide capsules fold upon metal binding and recognize carbohydrate guests through either first- or second-sphere coordination.
Stable lead(ii) boroxides
Authors: Someşan Adrian-Alexandru , Le Coz Erwann , Roisnel Thierry , Silvestru Cristian , Sarazin Yann
Published: April 2018

The syntheses of the first lead(ii) boroxides are reported. These stable, structurally characterised complexes do not decompose to oxoclusters. A melting temperature of 141 °C was determined for an organolead(ii) boroxide.
Facile preparation of a nano-imprinted polymer on magnetite nanoparticles for the rapid separation of lead ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Kong Delong , Qiao Ning , Wang Nian , Wang Zhuo , Wang Qi , Zhou Zhiyong , Ren Zhongqi
Published: April 2018

A novel nanostructured magnetic ion-imprinted polymer was synthesized for the selective adsorption of lead(ii) from aqueous solution.
Electrostatic self-assembled nanoparticles based on spherical polyelectrolyte brushes for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Qian Weiqiao , Zhu Qin , Duan Bing , Tang Weijun , Yuan Yuan , Hu Aiguo
Published: April 2018

Electrostatic self-assemblies based on SPBs and Gd-DTPA-NO-C4 exhibit perfect relaxometric performance.
Push and pull: the potential role of boron in N2 activation
Authors: Ruddy Adam J. , Ould Darren M. C. , Newman Paul D. , Melen Rebecca L.
Published: April 2018

Recent developments in main group chemistry towards the activation and conversion of N2 have lead to the revelation that boron can greatly affect these processes.
The first alternating MnII–MnIII1D chain: structure, magnetic properties and catalytic oxidase activities
Authors: Ganguly Sayantan , Kar Paramita , Chakraborty Maharudra , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: April 2018

A one-dimensional mixed-valence MnII/MnIIIchain has been synthesized usingN-salicylidene-l-alanine and 2,2′-bipyridine. The complex shows moderate catecholase and phenoxazinone synthase-like activity.
N-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive and facile detection of carbamazepine based on the inner filter effect
Authors: Ma Yujie , Song Yueyue , Ma Yunsu , Wei Fangdi , Xu Guanhong , Cen Yao , Shi Menglan , Xu Xiaoman , Hu Qin
Published: April 2018

N-doped carbon dots are used as a fluorescent probe for the sensitive and facile determination of carbamazepine based on the inner filter effect.
UV365 light promoted catalyst-free synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-2,4-diones in aqueous-glycerol medium
Authors: Nongthombam Geetmani Singh , Kharmawlong George Kupar , Kumar John Elisa , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang
Published: April 2018

Herein, a highly efficient and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of biologically important pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolinone-2,4-diones from aromatic amines, barbituric acid and aryl aldehyde is reported.
Controlled formation of a flower-like CdWO4–BiOCl–Bi2WO6 ternary hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity through one-pot hydrothermal reaction
Authors: Yang Chunming , Gao Guimei , Zhang Junjun , Fan Ruicheng , Liu Darui , Zhang Yunfeng , Liu Ruiping , Guo Zhaohua , Gan Shucai
Published: April 2018

Flower-like CdWO4–BiOCl–Bi2WO6 ternary hybrid photocatalyst shows enhanced photocatalytic activity due to dye sensitization and its cascade structure.
Layer-by-layer assembly of nanorods on a microsphere via electrostatic interactions
Authors: Zhang Liuyang , Zhu Lu , Larson Steven R. , Zhao Yiping , Wang Xianqiao
Published: April 2018

Combining coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and experiments, a systematic study on both the dynamics and equilibrium behavior of the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of charged nanorods (NRs) onto a charged microsphere (MS) via electrostatic interactions has been carried out.
Optimisation of wind farm layout in complex terrain via mixed‐installation of different types of turbines
Authors: Tang Xiaoyu , Yang Qinmin , Wang Keyou , Stoevesandt Bernhard , Sun Youxian
Published: April 2018

As wind energy is increasingly exploited worldwide, optimisation of wind farm layout becomes more crucial. To guarantee the economic efficiency and profit of a wind farm, the deployment of wind turbines has to be optimised before operation. Traditional methods usually assume that identical type of wind turbines are utilised in a layout design. In this study, multiple types of turbines are considered in wind farm layout optimisation in complex terrain, namely mixed‐installation. By utilising different power generation characteristics, hub heights and rotor diameters, and cost models of different types of turbines, the efficiency of a wind farm can be further improved. A single‐objective optimisation problem is firstly established by modelling all aforementioned factors, and the objective is to achieve a minimum cost per unit of energy. Subsequently, after using computational fluid dynamics to simulate the wind flow over complex terrain, a genetic algorithm‐particle swarm optimisation optimisation algorithm is then proposed to determine the position and type of every individual turbine simultaneously. Eventually, extensive simulation studies are present to verify the feasibility of this scheme.
Multi‐contact radiofrequency microelectromechanical systems switch with power divider/combiner structure for high power applications
Authors: Gong Zhuhao , Zhang Yulong , Guo Xin , Liu Zewen
Published: April 2018

Design, fabrication, and measurement of a metal‐contact radiofrequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems switch with a power divider/combiner structure for high power applications are presented in this work. The multi‐contact switch with parallel cantilever beams is implemented in a Y‐junction power divider/combiner, which suppresses the uneven current distribution through each contact and results in higher power handling capability at high frequency. The measurement results indicate the excellent RF performance of the switch fabricated on the Borofloat glass substrate with insertion loss and isolation of 0.22 dB and 29 dB@10 GHz, respectively. A lumped‐element model is developed and it fits well with the measured S‐parameters with the contact resistance of 0.6 Ω and up‐state capacitance of 1 fF for each contact. The switch can handle power up to 2 W@10 GHz under prolonged hold‐down conditions for 2 h. The reliability measurement shows that the packaged switch can operate for over 1 million cycles at 200 mA under cold‐switching conditions.
WASP 0639-32: a new F-type subgiant/K-type main-sequence detached eclipsing binary from the WASP project
Authors: Kirkby-Kent J. A. , Maxted P. F. L. , Serenelli A. M. , Anderson D. R. , Hellier C. , West R. G.
Published: April 2018

Aims. Our aim is to measure the masses and radii of the stars in a newly-discovered detached eclipsing binary system to a high precision (≈1%), enabling the system to be used for the calibration of free parameters in stellar evolutionary models.

Methods. Photometry from the Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP) project was used to identify 1SWASP J063930.33-322404.8 (TYC 7091-888-1, WASP 0369-32 hereafter) as a detached eclipsing binary system with total eclipses and an orbital period of P = 11.66 days. Lightcurve parameters for WASP 0639-32 are obtained using the EBOP lightcurve model, with standard errors evaluated using a prayer-bead algorithm. Radial velocities were measured from 11 high-resolution spectra using a broadening function approach, and an orbit was fitted using SBOP. Observed spectra were disentangled and an equivalent width fitting method was used to obtain effective temperatures and metallicities for both stars. A Bayesian framework is used to explore a grid of stellar evolution models, where both helium abundance and mixing length are free to vary, and use observed parameters (mass, density, temperature, and metallicity) for each star to obtain the age and constrain the helium abundance of the system.

Results. The masses and radii are found to be M1 = 1.1544 ± 0.0043 M⊙, R1 = 1.833 ± 0.023 R⊙, and M2 = 0.7833 ± 0.0028 M⊙, R2 = 0.7286 ± 0.0081 R⊙ for the primary and secondary, respectively. The effective temperatures were found to be T1 = 6330 ± 50 K and T2 = 5400 ± 80 K for the primary and secondary star, respectively. The system has an age of 4.2−0.1+0.8 Gyr, and a helium abundance in the range 0.251–0.271.

Conclusions. WASP 0639-32 is a rare example of a well-characterised detached eclipsing binary system containing a star near the main-sequence turn-off point. This makes it possible to measure a precise age for the stars in this binary system and to estimate their helium abundance. Further work is needed to explore how this helium abundance estimate depends on other free parameters in the stellar models.
Therapeutischer Yoga bei Stress und Erschöpfung
Authors: Gupta Hedwig H.
Published: April 2018

Aus ayurvedischer Sicht ist Stress ein Faktor, der den dosha vata reizt und zu vata-bedingten Erkrankungen führt. Diese gehen mit Schmerzen, Instabilität und Schwäche einher. Oft ist eine pitta-Reizung ein wichtiger krankheitsfördernder Mechanismus. Yoga lässt sich therapeutisch sowohl im Sinne der Schulmedizin als auch im Sinne des Ayurveda einsetzen. Alle Techniken des Yoga können dabei einbezogen werden. Einige Studien zeigen die Wirksamkeit der Yogatherapie bei Stress, Erschöpfung und anderen stressbedingten Erkrankungen.
Ernährung bei Krebs: geeignet zur Vorbeugung und Therapie?
Authors: Arends Jann
Published: April 2018

Ernährung dient dem Aufbau und Erhalt des Körpers und seiner Funktionen und ist damit Grundvoraussetzung, um den Tagesablauf und die täglichen Belastungen stabil zu überstehen. Es ist deshalb naheliegend zu überlegen und zu erforschen, ob und inwieweit die Aufnahme von Nährstoffen die Krebsanfälligkeit oder die Tumortherapie beeinflussen.
A Review of the Toxicity of Compounds Found in Herbal Dietary Supplements
Authors: Hudson Amy , Lopez Elizabeth , Almalki Ahmad J. , Roe Amy L. , Calderón Angela I.
Published: April 2018

Use of herbal dietary supplements by the public is common and has been happening for centuries. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has a limited scope of regulation over marketed herbal dietary supplements, which may contain toxic botanical compounds that pose a public health risk. While the Food and Drug Administration has made efforts to prohibit the sale of unsafe herbal dietary supplements, numerous reports have proliferated of adverse events due to these supplements. This literature review investigates bioactive plant compounds commonly used in herbal dietary supplements and their relative toxicities. Using primarily the National Library of Medicine journal database and SciFinder for current reports, 47 toxic compounds in 55 species from 46 plant families were found to demonstrate harmful effects due to hepatic, cardiovascular, central nervous system, and digestive system toxicity. This review further contributes a novel and comprehensive view of toxicity across the botanical dietary market, and investigates the toxicity of the top ten botanical dietary supplements purchased in the United States of America to gauge the exposure risk of toxicity to the public. The criteria of measuring toxicity in this review (plant compound, family, quantity, and toxicity effects) across the entire market in the United States, with special attention to those supplements whose exposure to the consumer is maximal, provides a unique contribution to the investigation of botanical supplements.
Application of One-Pot Three-Component Condensation Reaction for the Synthesis of New Organophosphorus–Sulfur Macrocycles
Authors: Woollins J. , Hua Guoxiong , Cordes David , Slawin Alexandra
Published: April 2018

An efficient approach has been developed for the synthesis of new phosphorus–sulfur heterocycles by a one-pot three-component condensation reaction of a four-membered-ring thionation reagent [Lawesson’s reagent or its ferrocene analogue (2,4-diferrocenyl-1,3,2,4-diathiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide)], an alkane- or arenedithiol, and a dihaloalkane at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine. The simple synthesis method with mild conditions (room temperature and normal reactant concentrations) enhances further the application of the multicomponent reaction in the preparation of novel phosphorus–sulfur heterocycles. Six representative X-ray structures confirmed the formation of these macrocycles.
Imaging Features of the Juvenile Inflammatory Arthropathies
Authors: Jans Lennart , Jurik Anne , Hemke Robert , Eshed Iris , Boutry Nathalie , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona
Published: April 2018

We discuss the imaging of several juvenile inflammatory arthropathies including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis, and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common autoimmune chronic systemic disease of connective tissue in children. The remaining systemic juvenile connective tissue diseases are rare. However, they require early diagnosis and initiation of treatment to prevent injury, not only to the musculoskeletal system but also to the internal organs, and even death. Imaging of juvenile inflammatory arthropathies has relied for years on radiography. Recent advances in disease-modifying drugs have led to a greater emphasis on the detection of early inflammation not evident on plain radiography. Ultrasound examination allows for the early recognition of the disease process in the soft tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging detects early inflammatory changes involving the soft tissues, the subcortical bone of peripheral joints, the spine, and entheses.
Sacroiliitis in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Assessing Morphology and Activity
Authors: Egund Niels , Eshed Iris , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Jurik Anne , Jans Lennart
Published: April 2018

Objective To review the strengths, limitations, and new insights in the anatomy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of active and structural lesions of sacroiliitis in spondyloarthritis.

Discussion MRI plays a key role in the diagnosis and follow-up of sacroiliitis in spondyloarthritis. MRI of the sacroiliac joints in affected patients may show active lesions such as bone marrow edema, capsulitis, enthesitis, or synovitis as well as structural changes such as erosion, fat infiltration, sclerosis, backfill, and ankylosis. Active lesions of sacroiliitis on MRI are particularly important for the diagnosis and assessment of ongoing active inflammation. Structural lesions increasingly gain importance for diagnosis and follow-up.

Conclusion Active lesions remain the hallmark for assessment of inflammation in sacroiliitis. Structural lesions increasingly play a role in the diagnosis of spondyloarthritis.
Anterior Chest Wall in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Imaging, Interpretation, and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Jans Lennart , Jurik Anne , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Schueller-Weidekamm Claudia , Eshed Iris , Rennie Winston
Published: April 2018

Anterior chest wall (ACW) inflammation is not an uncommon finding in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) and reportedly occurs in 26% of these patients. Radiologists may only be familiar with spinal and peripheral joint imaging, possibly due to the inherent challenges of ACW imaging on some cross-sectional imaging modalities. Knowledge of relevant joint anatomy and the location of sites of inflammation allows the interpreting radiologist to better plan appropriate imaging tests and imaging planes. Accurate assessment of disease burden, sometimes in the absence of clinical findings, may alert the treating rheumatologist, allowing a better estimation of disease burden, increased accuracy of potential imaging scoring systems, and optimize assessment and response to treatment. This article reviews salient anatomy and various imaging modalities to optimize diagnosis, important differential diagnoses, and the interpretation of ACW imaging findings in ax-SpA.
Principios quirúrgicos en fracturas de platillos tibiales con compromiso de columna posterior
Authors: Díaz Allende Pedro , Scheu Gonçalves Maximiliano , Carredano González Xabier , Colmenares Sandoval Oscar , Yáñez Lagos Claudio , Donoso Martínez Rodrigo , O'Connell Godoy Luis , Figueroa Poblete David
Published: April 2018

Las fracturas de platillos tibiales son lesiones complejas que incluyen una variedad de patrones morfológicos cada vez mejor caracterizados en la literatura. Históricamente, los esquemas de clasificación se han basado en evaluar los rasgos de fractura en el plano frontal y las técnicas quirúrgicas en lograr la fijación de esos fragmentos, sin tomar en consideración el compromiso óseo que ocurre en la región posterior de los platillos tibiales. Con el advenimiento de la clasificación columnar basada en tomografía computada, se han logrado desarrollar estrategias de fijación optimizada, dando cada vez más relevancia a la columna posterior. Este artículo realiza una revisión extensa de la literatura, otorgando los fundamentos quirúrgicos que explican la importancia del tratamiento específico de la columna posterolateral y posteromedial, con el fin de restablecer la biomecánica normal de la rodilla y el razonamiento quirúrgico de las diversas vías de abordaje específicas para una reducción y osteosíntesis satisfactoria de esos fragmentos.
Early Autologous Blood-Patch Pleurodesis versus Conservative Management for Treatment of Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Ibrahim Islam , Elaziz Montaser , El-Hag-Aly Mohammed
Published: April 2018

Background Autologous blood-patch pleurodesis has been effectively utilized as a treatment option for the condition of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP). Moreover, it can be used with persistent air leak, with or without residual air space. However, there have been no robust reports for the optimal timing for autologous blood-patch pleurodesis. The aim of this study is to compare early autologous blood-patch pleurodesis with conservative management of SSP.

Methods We conducted a randomized controlled study at the Menoufia University Hospital. A total of 47 patients with SSP were randomly allocated into two groups: group A (23 patients) received intrapleural instillation of 50 mL autologous blood 3 days after insertion of chest drain and group B (24 patients) managed conservatively. The duration required for air leak to seal, chest drainage duration, length of hospital stay, and the incidence of complications were compared and statistically analyzed.

Results The duration of air leak, duration to drain removal, and length of hospital stay were all significantly shorter in group A than in group B.

Conclusion Early intrapleural instillation of autologous blood is successful in sealing air leak in patients with SSP with persistent air leak, who are not fit or not willing to undergo surgery. It is superior to conservative treatment or late instillation of autologous blood, even if their lungs are not fully expanded.
Transfusionsmedizinische Versorgung von Patienten nach allogener Blutstammzelltransplantation
Authors: Hölig Kristina , Rosner Andrea
Published: April 2018

Im Rahmen einer allogenen Blutstammzelltransplantation kommt es häufig zu immunhämatologischen Phänomenen, die im Rahmen der Diagnostik und der supportiven Hämotherapie berücksichtigt werden müssen. Durch Diskrepanzen der AB0-Merkmale von Spender und Empfänger können verschiedene Komplikationen auftreten. Die wesentlichsten sind ein verzögertes Engraftment der Erythropoese nach majorinkompatibler Transplantation (sogenannte Pure-red-Cell-Aplasie [PRCA]) und die verzögerte Hämolyse durch Aktivierung von minorinkompatiblen Lymphozyten im Transplantat, das sogenannte Passenger-Lymphocyte-Syndrom (PLS). Durch ein gezieltes immunhämatologisches Monitoring der Patienten können diese Phänomene zeitgerecht erkannt und adäquat therapiert werden. Ein Wechsel im Bereich des Rhesusantigens D ist ebenfalls bei der Hämotherapie allogen transplantierter Patienten zu berücksichtigen, verursacht allerdings nur selten Komplikationen. Hinsichtlich der Thrombozytenversorgung sollte rechtzeitig vor Konditionierungsbeginn eine gezielte Diagnostik von Immunisierungen gegen HLA- (humane Leukozytenantigene) und plättchenspezifische Antigene erfolgen, um die Thrombozytenversorgung mit ausgewählten Spendern in der Aplasiephase zuverlässig gewährleisten zu können. Bei sehr breit und hochtitrig immunisierten Patienten kann eine Immunsuppression mit Rituximab und Immunadsorption vor Transplantation die Inkremente nach Thrombozytensubstitution verbessern und im Falle von einem HLA-Mismatch des Transplantats auch das Engraftment unterstützen.
Design and characterization of a dead-time regime enhanced early photon projection imaging system
Authors: Sinha L. , Fogarty M. , Zhou W. , Giudice A. , Brankov J. G. , Tichauer K. M.
Published: April 2018

Scattering of visible and near-infrared light in biological tissue reduces spatial resolution for imaging of tissues thicker than 100 μm. In this study, an optical projection imaging system is presented and characterized that exploits the dead-time characteristics typical of photon counting modules based on single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). With this system, it is possible to attenuate the detection of more scattered late-arriving photons, such that detection of less scattered early-arriving photons can be enhanced with increased light intensity, without being impeded by the maximum count rate of the SPADs. The system has the potential to provide transmittance-based anatomical information or fluorescence-based functional information (with slight modification in the instrumentation) of biological samples with improved resolution in the mesoscopic domain (0.1-2 cm). The system design, calibration, stability, and performance were evaluated using simulation and experimental phantom studies. The proposed system allows for the detection of very-rare early-photons at a higher frequency and with a better signal-to-noise ratio. The experimental results demonstrated over a 3.4-fold improvement in the spatial resolution using early photon detection vs. conventional detection, and a 1000-fold improvement in imaging time using enhanced early detection vs. conventional early photon detection in a 4-mm thick phantom with a tissue-equivalent absorption coefficient of μa = 0.05 mm−1 and a reduced scattering coefficient of μs’ = 5 mm−1.
Machine learning of molecular properties: Locality and active learning
Authors: Gubaev Konstantin , Podryabinkin Evgeny V. , Shapeev Alexander V.
Published: April 2018

In recent years, the machine learning techniques have shown great potent1ial in various problems from a multitude of disciplines, including materials design and drug discovery. The high computational speed on the one hand and the accuracy comparable to that of density functional theory on another hand make machine learning algorithms efficient for high-throughput screening through chemical and configurational space. However, the machine learning algorithms available in the literature require large training datasets to reach the chemical accuracy and also show large errors for the so-called outliers—the out-of-sample molecules, not well-represented in the training set. In the present paper, we propose a new machine learning algorithm for predicting molecular properties that addresses these two issues: it is based on a local model of interatomic interactions providing high accuracy when trained on relatively small training sets and an active learning algorithm of optimally choosing the training set that significantly reduces the errors for the outliers. We compare our model to the other state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature on the widely used benchmark tests.
Newly discovered properties of hydroxyapatite’s band structure open doors for medical applications
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: April 2018

Studying electron interactions in the mineral hydroxyapatite, scientists find a highly dispersive conduction band, adding anisotropic conductivity to its known properties and expanding its potential applications.
Community views on factors affecting medicines resource allocation: cross-sectional survey of 3080 adults in Australia
Authors: Chim Lesley , Salkeld Glenn , Kelly Patrick J , Lipworth Wendy , Hughes Dyfrig A. , Stockler Martin R.
Published: April 2018

Objective
The aim of the present study was to determine Australian community views on factors that influence the distribution of health spending in relation to medicines.

Methods
A cross-sectional web-based survey was performed of 3080 adults aged ≥18 years. Participants were asked to rank, in order of importance, 12 criteria according to which medicines funding decisions may be made.

Results
Of all respondents, 1213 (39.4%) considered disease severity to be the most important prioritisation criterion for funding a new medicine. This was followed by medicines treating a disease affecting children (13.2%) and medicines for cancer patients (9.1%). Medicines targeting a disease for which there is no alternative treatment available received highest priority from 8.6% of respondents. The remaining eight prioritisation criteria were each assigned a top ranking from 6.6% to 1.7% of respondents. Medicines targeting a disease for which there is no alternative treatment available were ranked least important by 7.7% of respondents, compared with 2.4%, 1.9% and 1.0% for medicines treating severe diseases, diseases affecting children and cancer respectively. ‘End-of-life treatments’ and ‘rare disease therapies’ received the least number of highest priority rankings (2.0% and 1.7% respectively).

Conclusions
These results provide useful information about public preferences for government spending on prescribed medicines. Understanding of public preferences on the funding of new medicines will help the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee and government determine circumstances where greater emphasis on equity is required and help inform medicines funding policy that best meets the needs of the Australian population.

What is known about this topic?
There is increased recognition of the importance of taking into account public preferences in the heath technology assessment (HTA) decision-making process.

What does this paper add?
The Australian public view the severity of disease to be the most important funding prioritisation criterion for medicines, followed by medicines used to treat children or to treat cancer.

What are the implications for practitioners?
The general public are capable of giving opinions on distributional preferences. This information can help inform medicines funding policy and ensure that it is consistent with the values of the Australian population.
Modelling of soil texture and its verification with related soil properties
Authors: Hossain M. Shahadat , Rahman G. K. M. Mustafizur , Alam M. Saiful , Rahman M. Mizanur , Solaiman A. R. M. , Mia M. A. Baset
Published: April 2018

Soil texture is an independent and innate soil property and other dynamic soil properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC) content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) are mostly dependent on it. An attempt was made to develop a model for numerically simulating soil texture and also to construct relationships of the developed model with other soil properties. Hypothetical data of particle size distribution and our data were used to justify and validate the newly defined indices. Scatter diagrams showed good association between the indices and hypothetical data of soil separates. Moreover, similar trends were observed between the line charts of USDA soil textural class codes and the indices. Strong correlations (r = 0.78–0.96) were found between the indices and soil separates (sand, silt and clay) for our data. However, the indices demonstrated moderate correlations (r = –0.34 to –0.55) with EC and OC of the soils. Strong nonlinear relationships were found between CEC and the three indices (R2 = 0.699, R2 = 0.732 and R2 = 0.672 (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, the variability of EC, OC and CEC within a single USDA textural class and customised textural index groups were described using the developed model. The developed indices showed excellent fitness for simulation of soil texture and demonstrated an extended applicability in terms of their relationships with soil properties related to soil texture, which will help in constructing digital soil maps.
Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit
Authors: Zmigrod Leor , Rentfrow Peter J. , Robbins Trevor W.
Published: April 2018

Significance

Belief in rigid distinctions between the nationalistic ingroup and outgroup has been a motivating force in citizens’ voting behavior, as evident in the United Kingdom’s 2016 EU referendum. We found that individuals with strongly nationalistic attitudes tend to process information in a more categorical manner, even when tested on neutral cognitive tasks that are unrelated to their political beliefs. The relationship between these psychological characteristics and strong nationalistic attitudes was mediated by a tendency to support authoritarian, nationalistic, conservative, and system-justifying ideologies. This suggests flexible cognitive styles are related to less nationalistic identities and attitudes.
The history of verb classification in Nyulnyulan languages
Authors: McGregor William B.
Published: April 2018

Most languages of northern Australia show a compound verb construction in which an uninflecting verbal element collocates with one of a small set of inflecting verbs. McGregor (2002) argues that this construction typically represents a system of verb classification in which the inflecting verbal root categorizes the uninflecting element. He proposes further that such systems of verb classification diffused areally across the northern part of the continent. For the languages of the Kimberley region, there is evidence that this diffusion predated the break-up of the proto-languages, and that systems of verb classification (or their precursors) can be reconstructed for the proto-languages. I argue that such a system can be reconstructed for Proto-Nyulnyulan, and that subsequent historical changes to this system gave rise to the modern systems of the daughter languages.
Non-Formality of Planar Configuration Spaces in Characteristic 2
Authors: Salvatore Paolo
Published: April 2018

We prove that the ordered configuration space of four points or more in the plane has a nonformal singular cochain algebra in characteristic 2. This is proved by constructing an explicit nontrivial obstruction class in the Hochschild cohomology of the cohomology ring of the configuration space, by means of the Barratt–Eccles–Smith simplicial model. We also show that if the number of points does not exceed its dimension then a Euclidean configuration space is intrinsically formal over any ring.
Washoku, Far and Near
Authors: Bestor Theodore C.
Published: April 2018

This chapter analyzes the politics of cultural heritage and gastrodiplomacy, or official efforts at “edible nation branding” designed to increase trade, tourism, and national soft power. It explains how and why most Japanese conceive of washoku as a conceptual category in contrast with yōshoku, or Euro-American cuisine. Tracing Japan's pursuit of a UNESCO designation for washoku as an intangible cultural treasure, the chapter details how officials sought the award for both foreign recognition and to encourage the domestic public to consume more traditional foodstuffs. It also describes how a failed earlier effort to strictly regulate Japanese restaurants abroad, ridiculed as “the sushi police,” has led state agencies to adopt softer and more inclusive campaigns to promote washoku.
Introduction
Authors: Graber Jennifer
Published: April 2018

Opening with an extended description of Kiowas’ 1873 Sun Dance, the Introduction establishes two main arguments. First, expansion into Indian lands and encounters with Native peoples prompted Christian missionaries and reformers to cast themselves as “friends of the Indian” who could acquire land and achieve Indians’ cultural transformation through peaceful means. In bringing the Christian God to Indian Country, Protestants and Catholics obscured their role in violent and coercive expansion and constructed an image of themselves as benevolent believers imparting life-saving gifts. Second, Kiowas relied on their cultural practices, including rites for engaging sacred power, to respond to American efforts to reduce their lands, change their way of living, and break their tribal bonds. They continued and adapted older practices, as well as experimented with new ritual options and potential power sources. For Kiowas, “gods” both old and new were central to their struggle to survive and flourish as Americans invaded Indian Country.
Ascriptions of Responsibility Given Commonplace Relations of Power
Authors: Oshana Marina
Published: April 2018

In most contemporary analyses of responsibility, attention has been directed exclusively to the specific conditions that must be met by the presumed responsible agent in order to be able to account for her actions. More attention needs to be paid, however, to the dynamics between the presumed responsible party and those who judge her responsible. Specifically, the standard approach pays little attention to the status of the party positioned to hold another responsible relative to that of the party from whom an account is expected. This oversight is problematic, because, depending on the practices associated with holding a person responsible, individuals may be sanctioned in ways that are quite harsh. This chapter expands an analysis of moral responsibility as a form of accountability to attend to these dynamics of power. While ascriptions of responsibility remain expectations that an account be forthcoming from the actor, this is too myopic a picture.
The Social Constitution of Agency and Responsibility
Authors: Vargas Manuel R.
Published: April 2018

Culpability under oppression is puzzling. On the one hand, it seems callous to insist that someone’s being subject to oppression is never relevant to her culpability. On the other hand, responsible agency exists under systematic disadvantage; insisting that oppression always undermines a person’s culpability seems too forgiving and disrespectful to those agents. One philosophical challenge that grows out of reflecting on these matters is whether there is a way to reconcile the thought that agency is socially constituted—a product of circumstance—with the thought that some psychological configurations rightly underpin our condemnatory practices, while others do not. This chapter offers a framework for thinking about these issues, especially the question of culpable action under conditions of oppression. The account maintains that oppression matters for culpability in some cases and not in others, because culpability is a function of the properties of agents and the context that shapes their agency.
Respecting Each Other and Taking Responsibility for Our Biases
Authors: Mason Elinor
Published: April 2018

This chapter considers cases of morally problematic action where an agent acts in a biased way and the explanation is socialization and nonculpable false belief, rather than bad will on the part of the agent. In such cases, moral intuitions are pulled in two directions: on the one hand, nonculpable ignorance is usually an excuse, but in the case of acting in a biased way, there is reason to find the agent blameworthy. The chapter argues that although the paradigmatic account of blameworthiness is based on quality of will, we can and should be willing to allow that there are non-paradigmatic cases. The zone of responsibility can be extended to include acts that we are not fully in control of, and acts whose moral status we are nonculpably ignorant about at the time of acting. This extension of responsibility happens through a voluntary taking of responsibility.
Moral Responsibility, Respect, and Social Identity
Authors: Hutchison Katrina
Published: April 2018

P. F. Strawson draws a distinction between what he calls the “participant stance” that people take toward those they regard as morally responsible agents, and the “objective stance” they take toward those who are not. This chapter explores the role these two stances play in oppressive moral responsibility practices. The argument has three parts. Section 2 argues it is better to regard the participant and objective stance as opposite ends of a spectrum, with many social interactions involving a stance somewhere between. Section 3 explores what sort of respect is involved in the two stances; it argues that the objective stance involves recognition respect for the person toward whom it is directed as a person. The participant stance involves recognition respect, but it also involves appraisal respect for the agent’s moral capacities. The final section 4 applies these insights to a set of cases involving oppressive moral responsibility practices.
Sharing Responsibility
Authors: Sie Maureen
Published: April 2018

This chapter discusses the communicative and coordinative role and importance to moral practices of the moral sentiments. A clear understanding of this role enables one to explain why people share responsibility for their moral practices and why changing these practices is a collective enterprise. The chapter thereby affirms the importance of tokens of appraisal regardless of how one answers the question whether, in one sense or another, one deserves them. The chapter elaborates upon two aspects of the practices of moral responsibility: (1) people are enabled to develop certain agential capacities, and (2) they are able to codetermine, consolidate, and fine-tune their normative expectations of one another. Several compatibilist philosophers have observed the first aspect. The second, however, has not received enough attention. This second aspect explains why and in what respect changing and improving one’s everyday practices is bound to be a difficult, painstaking, and above all collective enterprise.