bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DATA SCIENCE, BIG DATA, AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS: A PLATFORM FOR CYBERSPACE SECURITY INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Nainggolan Dicky R. M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract – Data are the prominent elements in scientific researches and approaches. Data Science methodology is used to select and to prepare enormous numbers of data for further processing and analysing. Big Data technology collects vast amount of data from many sources in order to exploit the information and to visualise trend or to discover a certain phenomenon in the past, present, or in the future at high speed processing capability. Predictive analytics provides in-depth analytical insights and the emerging of machine learning brings the data analytics to a higher level by processing raw data with artificial intelligence technology. Predictive analytics and machine learning produce visual reports for decision makers and stake-holders. Regarding cyberspace security, big data promises the opportunities in order to prevent and to detect any advanced cyber-attacks by using internal and external security data.

Keywords: Big Data, Cyber Security, Data Science, Intelligence, Predictive Analytics

Abstrak – Data merupakan unsur terpenting dalam setiap penelitian dan pendekatan ilmiah. Metodologi sains data digunakan untuk memilah, memilih dan mempersiapkan sejumlah data untuk diproses dan dianalisis. Teknologi big data mampu mengumpulkan data dengan sangat banyak dari berbagai sumber dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi dengan visualisasi tren atau menyingkapkan pengetahuan dari suatu peristiwa yang terjadi baik dimasa lalu, sekarang, maupun akan datang dengan kecepatan pemrosesan data sangat tinggi. Analisis prediktif memberikan wawasan analisis lebih dalam dan kemunculan machine learning membawa analisis data ke tingkat yang lebih tinggi dengan bantuan teknologi kecerdasan buatan dalam tahap pemrosesan data mentah. Analisis prediktif dan machine learning menghasilkan laporan berbentuk visual untuk pengambil keputusan dan pemangku kepentingan. Berkenaan dengan keamanan siber, big data menjanjikan kesempatan dalam rangka untuk mencegah dan mendeteksi setiap serangan canggih siber dengan memanfaatkan data keamanan internal dan eksternal.

Kata Kunci: Analisis Prediktif, Big Data, Intelijen, Keamanan Siber, Sains Data
THE USE OF COUNTER–INTELLIGENCE OPERATION STRATEGY IN COPING WITH CYBER THREATS
Authors: Suratman Yosua Praditya
Published: January 2019

Abstract - The increasing number of cyberattacks that occur today indicates that Indonesia is an easy target for crime actors in the cyber world. Cyberattacks are selected because they are far more effective than conventional attacks - the military, and the actors are also invisible. Not to mention, the capacity of cyber handling, both infrastructure, funds, and human resources in Indonesia is inversely proportional compared to the number of cyberattacks in the last decade. Intelligence strategies, primarily counter-intelligence, is the answer to deter and detect the attacks, while the government fixing the regulations and policies of national cyber threats.

Keywords: cyber, counter intelligence, security
Bela Negara Sebagai Metode Pencegahan Ancaman Radikalisme Di Indonesia
Authors: Dan Efriza Raden Mas Jerry Indrawan
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Terorisme, yang berakar dari gerakan-gerakan radikal pasca peristiwa 9/11 di Amerika Serikat, mulai berkembang pesat juga di Indonesia. Gerakan radikal, terutama yang berlandaskan agama, berkembang menjadi gerakan teror yang mengancam keamanan dan pertahanan negara. Bela negara adalah bagian dari penyelenggaraan sistem pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Radikalisme, baik sebagai gerakan maupun ideologi atau paham yang berkembang di tengah masyarakat Indonesia, adalah ancaman bagi negara yang bersifat non-konvensional. Untuk itu, bela negara dapat menjadi program yang dapat mengubah budaya masyarakat agar menempatkan cinta bangsa dan negara sebagai hal yang terutama, dengan demikian dapat mencegah berkembangnya gerakan dan ideologi radikal di Indonesia. Unsur-unsur religiusitas (agama) juga dapat berperan penting dalam menangkal ancaman radikalisme jika diintegrasikan ke dalam kurikulum bela negara. Tulisan ini akan melihat bagaimana program bela negara dapat digunakan sebagai sarana mencegah ancaman radikalisme di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : bela negara, radikalisme, dan pertahanan negara

 

Abstract – Terrorism, rooted in radical movement post 9/11 event in the United States, began to grow rapidly also in Indonesia. Radical movements, especially those based on religion, evolved into terrorist movements that threaten state security and defense. Civic education is part of the implementation of state defense and security system. Radicalism, both as a movement and an ideology or a growing notion among Indonesians, is a threat to the state, that has a non-conventional nature. Therefore, civic education can be a program that can change people’s culture to put the love of the nation and the country as the main thing, thereby preventing the development of radical movements and ideology in Indonesia. The elements of religiosity (religion) can also play an important role in counteracting the threat of radicalism if it is integrated into the civic education curriculum.This paper will look at how civic education program can be used as a means of preventingthe threat of radicalism in Indonesia.

Keywords: civic education, radicalism, and state defense
Sinergitas Bela Negara Dan Kearifan Lokal Siri’ Untuk Sistem Pertahanan Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Perang Proxy
Authors: Manggabarani Andi Mangeppe
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Indonesia menghadapi berbagai bentuk ancaman baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah menurunnya degradasi moral bangsa yang tidak lepas dari akulturasi dan masuknya budaya baru akibat dari globalisasi. Hal ini bisa dikategorikan sebagai ancaman non militer yang menjadi bagian dari agenda perang proxy yang bertujuan untuk memecah belah bangsa. Budaya siri’ hadir sebagai nilai yang hidup ditengah-tengah masyarakat Bugis dan Makassar yang dijadikan sebagai pedoman dalam menjalani kehidupan bermasyarakat. Seiring dengan perkembangan masyarakat, budaya siri’ yang mengedepankan harkat dan martabat setiap individu dengan menjadi tool of social control, untuk mengendalikan perilaku masyarakat dari setiap penyimpangan. Budaya siri’ dijadikan sebagai sumber nilai yang menjadi pertahanan negara dari segala jenis ancaman yang dapat menyebabkan disintegrasi bangsa dan untuk menghadapi ancaman proxy.

Kata Kunci : bela negara, Indonesia, kearifan lokal, perang proxy, siri’

 

Abstract – Indonesia currently faces regional and international threats. One of the problem coming when the morality of citizen is getting down which is affected by aculturation and globalization. It can be categorized as non-military threats, proxy war pursue to spwan disintegration in Indonesia. As a local wisdom, siri’ exists within the society of Makassar and Buginess as a norm and guide to live the life. Following the dynamics of society, siri’ puts forward the dignity of every person as a tool of social control, to regulate human’s behavior. Siri’ is created as source of value that can be considered to becomes defending the state and confronts proxy war that can impact disintegration in Indonesia.

Keywords: Indonesia, local wisdom, proxy war, state defense, siri’
Mencintai Produk Dalam Negeri Sebagai Manifestasi Bela Negara Di Era Global
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Latar belakang dari penulisan ini adalah adanya fakta perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik masyarakat Indonesia di era Reformasi dan global. Termasuk perubahan dalam konteks bela negara dimana pada masa sebelumnya bela negara dipahami hanya sebagai kegiatan bersifat militer. Konsep bela negara saat ini memiliki makna yang lebih luas yaitu dalam konteks ekonomi, sosial, dan kultural. Bela negara dalam konteks ekonomi adalah membangun komitmen pola konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia dari semula memilih produk luar negeri menjadi memilih produk dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah menganalisis masalah-masalah bela negara dalam konteks ekonomi yaitu menyangkut kebiasaan masyarakat lebih memilih produk luar negeri, dampak pola konsumsi memilih produk luar kepada cadangan devisa, dan strategi yang bisa dibangun agar masyarakat lebih memilih produk nasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah studi pustaka yaitu mempelajari referensi atau kajian-kajian sebelumnya terkait dengan isu bela negara, dan diskusi mendalam dengan narasumber yang relevan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi atau meningkatkan pemahaman atas topic bela negara. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah berupa kesimpulan dan rekomendasi untuk membangun pola konsumsi masyarakat agar lebih memilih produk nasional ketimbang produk luar negeri.

Kata Kunci : bela negara, produk nasional, produk luar negeri

Abstract – The background of this paper is the fact of social, economic, and political change of Indonesian in the Reform and global era. It Includes changes in the context of defending state which in the past it was understood only as a military activity. The defending of state nowadays has a broader meaning in economic, social, and cultural context. The defending of state in the context of economy is more commitment to consume national products than to consume foreign product. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of defending the state in the economic context that involves people’s habits of favoring foreign products, the impact of consumption patterns on selecting external products to foreign exchange reserves, and strategies that can be built to make people prefer national products. The method used in this paper is literature study that is studying references or previous studies related to this issue, and in-depth discussion with relevant sources. This has been done to confirm or improve an understanding the topic being written. The results of this studies are in the form of conclusions and recommendations to build the pattern of public consumption to prefer national products rather than foreign products.

Keywords: the defending of state, national product, foreign product  
Maritime Axis And Indonesia’s National Security: Challenge And Hope
Authors: Ridwan Safril Hidayat dan
Published: January 2019

Abstract - The maritime and marine potentials are so great on the one hand, were a blessing on Indonesia's geographical condition, but on the other hand, it can lead to conflict. Exploitation and illegal activities on marine resources without considering to sustainability will worsen the welfare of society and oftenly conflicting international relations. As a country that becomes the crossing of foreign ships where four straits of the seven important straits of the world exist in Indonesian waters, Indonesia is a country that is vulnerable from the side of maritime security. Crime in Indonesian waters is still frequent, either by Indonesian citizens themselves or foreign nationals. The Government of Indonesia with the Nawa Cita program has the vision of Indonesia as a maritime axis of the world. Meanwhile, as a policy, the successful implementation of maritime axis policy is largely determined by content of policy and context of implementation. The successful implementation of maritime axis policy will impact the realization of the welfare and security of Indonesian society. This article uses a qualitative approach with data sources and literature related to maritime axis. Validity and reliability of data is done by reference triangulation. The results show that the implementation of maritime shaft policy still requires the readiness of the implementer as the front guard of maritime axis policy along with the development of maritime infrastructure of international standard.

Key words: maritime axis, content of policy, context of implementation, national security
Dampak dari Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia di Bidang Industri Pertahanan Terhadap Strategi Operasi dan Rantai Pasok dari PT Pal dan PT Daya Radar Utama dalam Memproduksi Alat Utama Sistem Senjata TNI Angkatan Laut
Authors: Anwar Syaiful
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Dua perusahaan Indonesia, yaitu PT PAL dan PT Daya Radar Utama (DRU), telah diberi tugas oleh Pemerintah Indonesia untuk memproduksi beberapa kapal perang untuk Angkatan Laut Indonesia. Pemerintah juga telah mengeluarkan kebijakan di bidang industri pertahanan, yang antara lain mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pengadaan sistem senjata utama TNI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak kebijakan strategi operasi dan rantai pasok dari PT PAL dan PT DRU dalam memproduksi kapal perang. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, Penulis menganalisis data empiris yang diperoleh dalam penelitian lapangan yang didukung oleh beberapa teori, yaitu teori strategi, teori strategi operasi dan rantai pasokan, teori kebijakan publik, dan teori kemandirian. Dari hasil analisis, ada beberapa temuan. Kebijakan tersebut memberi dampak positif pada industri tersebut, seperti: peningkatan kerjasama di antara mereka, perbaikan proses manufaktur karena standarisasi produk, peningkatan tingkat kemandirian industri, dan peningkatan kemampuan dari perusahaan lokal karena kerja sama dengan pihak asing. Namun, kebijakan tersebut tetap memberikan dampak negatif kepada perusahaan, seperti: rendahnya penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan, rendahnya penggunaan bahan domestik dan komponen kapal, dan rendahnya persaingan usaha yang adil di kalangan industri pertahanan dalam negeri.

Kata Kunci: strategi operasi, rantai pasokan, kapal perang, PT PAL, PT DRU, TNI AL, Pemerintah Indonesia, kebijakan industri pertahanan
Membangun Ketahanan Energi Pendukung Pertahanan Maritim Melalui Pemanfaatan Mikroalga Sebagai Biodiesel Bagi Masyarakat Pesisir
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Sumber daya kelautan sebagai sumber daya energi menjadi salah satu sarana pembangunan kekuatan maritim dan pemersatu pertahanan wilayah bagi Indonesia. Kondisi geografis Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan dengan luas wilayah sebagian besarnya perairan, serta posisi silang yang strategis menjadi sumber fundamental bagi pengembangan energi yang berkelanjutan melalui pemanfaatan mikroalga sebagai tumbuhan laut yang potensial sebagai bahan bakar biodiesel, campuran solar bagi masyarakat pesisir Indonesia. Metode penelitian pada kajian artikel ini menggunakan konsep studi literatur dan observasi penelitian penulis sebelumnya, yang akan menghasilkan analisis dari tujuan energi sebagai pendukung pertahanan maritim yang mencakup: (1) pemahaman dengan baik tata pengelolaan dan pengembangan sumber daya energi kelautan melalui penggunaan biodiesel sebagai energi terbarukan dari tumbuhan laut mikroalga;

(2)  terciptanya kesadaran dan kerjasama yang efektif antara masyarakat pesisir, pemerintah serta industri akan kebesaran sejarah bangsa Indonesia berasal dari penguasaan lautan sebagai sumber pertahanan dalam membangun ketahanan energi pendukung pertahanan maritim.

Kata Kunci : kekuatan maritim, ketahanan energi, mikroalga
Analisis Kegagalan Organization For Prohibited Of Chemical Weapon (Opcw) Sebagai Organisasi Perlucutan Senjata Pada Konflik Suriah
Authors: Witarti Denik Iswardani , Puspitasari Anggun
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Tulisan ini menganalisis tentang kegagalan Organization for Prohibited of Chemical Weapon (OPCW) dalam menangani upaya perlucutan senjata kimia di Suriah. Penggunaan senjata kimia oleh pemerintah Suriah terhadap warga negaranya sendiri menjadi tantangan OPCW dalam menjalankan perannya untuk melarang penggunaan dan pengembangan senjata kimia di seluruh dunia. OPCW sendiri yang terbentuk pada tahun 1997 merupakan implementasi dari Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) 1993. Permasalahan utama dari kajian ini yaitu faktor-faktor kegagalan OPCW dalam upaya pelarangan penggunaan dan pengembangan senjata kimia pada konflik Suriah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan upaya pelucutan senjata kimia di Suriah oleh OPCW dilakukan dengan mengirim dan menghancurkan senjata kimia milik pemerintahmengalami kegagalan. Meski OPCW telah mengklaim Suriah sudah terbebas dari senjata kimia namun ternyata masih ditemui penggunaan senjata kimia oleh kelompok terroris ISIS dan kelompok oposisi yang tidak diakui pemerintah. Kesimpulannya, peran OPCW menurut konsep perlucutan senjata dan organisasi inernasional masih belum sepenuhnya berhasil. OPCW hanya mampu mendeteksi penggunaan senjata kimia yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Suriah. Organisasi ini tidak memiliki kewenangan dalam menangangi masalah penggunaan senjata kimia yang dilakukan oleh aktor non-state.
Kata Kunci : senjata kimia, konflik Suriah, OPCW, pelucutan senjata
Implementasi Diplomasi Pertahanan: Sinergi Indonesia dengan Australia Dalam Menangani Imigran Ilegal Di Perbatasan Laut
Authors: Gumay Renni Novia Saputri , Octavian Amarulla , Swastanto Yoedhi
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Imigran ilegal adalah permasalahan bersama antara Indonesia dan Australia. Namun, dalam penanganannya di wilayah perbatasan laut, Indonesia melakukan pendekatan kemanusiaan dan Australia melakukan pendekatan keamanan melalui Operation Sovereign Border yang berdampak pada konfrontasi diplomatik kedua negara. Fokus studi ini adalah menilai sinergi kedua negara dalam upaya menangani imigran ilegal di wilayah perbatasan laut. Kerangka teoritis studi ini adalah konsep keamanan nasional dan migrasi sebagai isu keamanan untuk membahas kepentingan nasional kedua negara. Konsep cooperative security diplomasi pertahanan, dan teori naval diplomacy serta konsep sinergi untuk menganalisis implementasi diplomasi pertahanan secara keseluruhan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan software NVivo yang sangat bermanfaat untuk coding, triangulasi data dan menemukan relasi data dengan narasumber, sedangkan Soft System Methodology digunakan sebagai teknik analisis data yang terdiri atas tujuh tahap penelitian yang sangat komprehensif dalam menjelaskan penelitian. Hasil studi ini adalah kedua negara belum bersinergi. Indonesia dan Australia memiliki kepentingan keamanan non-tradisional yang sama dan kepentingan keamanan tradisional yang berbeda sebab Indonesia mempunyai basis kepentingan teritorial yang bertolak belakang dengan kepentingan imigrasi Australia. Indonesia dan Australia telah melaksanakan diplomasi pertahanan secara bilateral melalui 2+2 Dialogue, Pertemuan Menteri Pertahanan dan Navy to Navy Talk tetapi belum menghasilkan solusi konkrit sehingga sharing responsibility dan Confidence Building Measures belum tercapai. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan naval diplomacy untuk mendukung diplomasi pertahanan melalui patroli terkoordinasi yang harus dirumuskan SAP dan SEP agar kepentingan kedua negara dapat tercapai.

Kata Kunci : imigran ilegal, keamanan nasional, diplomasi pertahanan, sinergi, soft system methodology

 
Implementasi Diplomasi Pertahanan: Sinergi Indonesia dengan Australia Dalam Menangani Imigran Ilegal Di Perbatasan Laut
Authors: Gumay Renni Novia Saputri , Octavian Amarulla , Swastanto Yoedhi
Published: January 2019

Abstrak – Imigran ilegal adalah permasalahan bersama antara Indonesia dan Australia. Namun, dalam penanganannya di wilayah perbatasan laut, Indonesia melakukan pendekatan kemanusiaan dan Australia melakukan pendekatan keamanan melalui Operation Sovereign Border yang berdampak pada konfrontasi diplomatik kedua negara. Fokus studi ini adalah menilai sinergi kedua negara dalam upaya menangani imigran ilegal di wilayah perbatasan laut. Kerangka teoritis studi ini adalah konsep keamanan nasional dan migrasi sebagai isu keamanan untuk membahas kepentingan nasional kedua negara. Konsep cooperative security diplomasi pertahanan, dan teori naval diplomacy serta konsep sinergi untuk menganalisis implementasi diplomasi pertahanan secara keseluruhan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan software NVivo yang sangat bermanfaat untuk coding, triangulasi data dan menemukan relasi data dengan narasumber, sedangkan Soft System Methodology digunakan sebagai teknik analisis data yang terdiri atas tujuh tahap penelitian yang sangat komprehensif dalam menjelaskan penelitian. Hasil studi ini adalah kedua negara belum bersinergi. Indonesia dan Australia memiliki kepentingan keamanan non-tradisional yang sama dan kepentingan keamanan tradisional yang berbeda sebab Indonesia mempunyai basis kepentingan teritorial yang bertolak belakang dengan kepentingan imigrasi Australia. Indonesia dan Australia telah melaksanakan diplomasi pertahanan secara bilateral melalui 2+2 Dialogue, Pertemuan Menteri Pertahanan dan Navy to Navy Talk tetapi belum menghasilkan solusi konkrit sehingga sharing responsibility dan Confidence Building Measures belum tercapai. Dengan demikian dibutuhkan naval diplomacy untuk mendukung diplomasi pertahanan melalui patroli terkoordinasi yang harus dirumuskan SAP dan SEP agar kepentingan kedua negara dapat tercapai.
Kata Kunci : imigran ilegal, keamanan nasional, diplomasi pertahanan, sinergi, soft system methodology
SECURITIZATION OF MARITIME SECURITY ISSUES IN SUPPORTING INDONESIA’S DEFENSE DIPLOMACY AT ADMM-PLUS ON MARITIME SECURITY
Authors: Lubis Rizky Reza
Published: January 2019

Abstract –Indonesia is one of the countries which has many maritime security issues that needs to be managed appropriately through defense diplomacy approach, including the ASEAN framework. ADMM Plus on Maritime Security as the highest defense forum and dialog in ASEAN on maritime security issues is expected to be able to build confidence building measures and mutual trust between ASEAN member states and non-member states in solving maritime security issues. However, some goals have not been achieved due to many complex problems on maritime security in domestic sphere. This paper will use securitization theory, defense diplomacy concept, and maritime security concept for analyzing the maritime security issues in Indonesia which need securitization for supporting its defense diplomacy at ADMM Plus on Maritime Security. However, the securitization progress faced several challenges coming from various aspects, especially the habit of political leaders that only use maritime security as political instrument without concerning to the real security issues.
Keywords: Maritime Security, Securitization, ADMM-Plus, Defense Diplomacy
DEVELOPMENT OFENERGY SECURITY TO SUPPORT MARITIME DEFENSE WITH THE UTILIZATION OF MICROALGAE AS BIODIESEL FOR COASTAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: January 2019

Abstract – Marine resources as energy resources has become one means for the construction maritime power and unifying the region's defense for Indonesia. The geographical condition of Indonesia as an archipelagic country with the vast majority of territorial waters, as well as its strategic cross-position, becomes a fundamental source for sustainable energy development through the utilization of microalgae as a potential marine plant for biodiesel fuel, a diesel mix for Indonesian coastal communities. The research method in this study uses literature study and observation of previous authors' research, which will result in an analysis of energy objectives as supporting maritime defense that includes: (1) comprehensive understanding on the management and development of marine energy resources through the use of biodiesel from renewable energy of marine microalgae; (2) raising effective awareness and cooperation among the coastal communities, government and industry regarding the greatness of Indonesian history that has been built from the control over the oceans as a source of defense in developing energy security to support maritime defense.
Keywords: maritime power, energy security, microalgae
DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IMPLEMENTATION: THE SYNERGY OF INDONESIA AND AUSTRALIA IN DEALING WITH ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS IN THE SEA BORDER
Authors: Gumay Renni Novia Saputri , Octavian Amarulla , Swastanto Yoedhi
Published: January 2019

Abstract - Illegal Immigrant is a common problem between Indonesia and Australia. However, in handling the problem in sea border, Indonesia take a humanitarian approach while Australia take security approach through Operation Sovereign Border that had resulted to diplomatic confrontation. Therefore, this study focus on analyzing synergy of the two countries in dealing with illegal immigrant in sea border area. This study uses national security, migration as security issue to analyze national interest. Cooperative security, defense diplomacy, synergy concept and naval diplomacy theory to analyze defense diplomacy implementation as a whole. The approach of this study is qualitative method through data collection processed by software NVivo which are beneficial for coding, triangulation, and finding relations among interviewees while Soft System Methodology used as data analysis technique consist of seven steps that are very comprehensive in explaining the whole study. The results of this study showed the two countries have not synergized yet. Indonesia and Australia have common non-traditional security interests and different traditional security interests because Indonesia has a territorial importance base opposed to Australian immigration interests. Indonesia and Australia have been doing bilateral defense diplomacy through 2 + 2 Dialogue, Defense Ministers Meeting and Navy to Navy Talk but have not produced a concrete solution, therefore sharing responsibility and Confidence Building Measures have not been achieved. Thus, naval diplomacy is required to support defense diplomacy through coordinated patrols that Standard Operating Procedure and Standard Exercise Procedure must be formulated in order to achieve interests of both countries.
Keywords: Illegal Immigrants, National Security, Defense Diplomacy, Synergy, Soft System Methodology
IMPACTS OF THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE FIELD OF DEFENSE INDUSTRY ON THE OPERATIONS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES OF PT. PAL AND PT DAYA RADAR UTAMA IN PRODUCING THE INDONESIAN NAVY’S MAIN WEAPON SYSTEMS
Authors: Anwar Syaiful
Published: January 2019

Abstract - Two Indonesian companies, namely PT PAL and PT. Daya Radar Utama (DRU), have been given the tasks by the Government of Indonesia to produce several warships for the Indonesian Navy. The Government has also issued a policy in the field of defense industry, which among others regulates matters related to the procurement of the TNI’s main weapon systems. This research is intended to examine the impacts of the policy on the operations and supply chain strategies of PT PAL and PT DRU in producing warships. By using descriptive qualitative analysis method, the Researcher analyzed empirical data obtained in the field research supported by several theories, namely theory of strategy, theory of operations and supply chain strategy, theory of public policy, and theory of self-sufficient. From the analysis, there are several findings. The policies have given a certain level of positive impacts on the industries, such as: the improvement of cooperations among them, the improvement of manufacturing process due to the product’s standardization, the improvement of self-reliance level of the industries, and the capability improvement of the companies due to cooperation with foreign parties. However, the policies still give negative impacts to the companies, such as: the low level application of the supply chain management, low level use of the domestic materials and ship’s components, and the low level of fair competition among domestic defense industries.
Keywords: operation strategy, supply chain, warship, PT PAL, PT DRU, Navy, Government of Indonesia, defense industry policy.
BUILDING RESERVE COMPONENTS BASED ON STATE DEFENSE CAPABILITY AS INDONESIA’S DEFENSE POWER FACING NON-MILITARY THREATS
Authors: Indrawan Raden Mas Jerry , Efriza Efriza
Published: January 2019

Indonesia's Threats, Disturbances, Obstacles and Challenges (TDOC) in the future are considered non-military (non-conventional). Indonesia's defense paradigm that is only relying TNI as a major force, should be changed. The drastic reduction of the military threats (conventional) from other countries to Indonesia, as well as similar threats around the world, make us have to rethink what is the appropriate formulation of Indonesia's defense strategy in this era of nonmilitary threats. Therefore, the formation of reserve components, as previously has been equipped with competence and knowledge of state defense, needs to be considered more. The consideration is that the formation of this reserve components can be useful as a major defense element that support the main component, primarily to deal with non-military threats. The use of reserve components is not only prepared for war, but has a primary function for helping TNI deal with TDOC that is non-physical (intangible). This paper will discuss how the reserve components, as part of the nation's defense force, faces future non-military threats. In addition, this paper also sees that state defense can be an integral part of the effort of the reserve components to make this happen.

Keywords: state defense, reserve components, non-military threats
THE FORM OF STATE DEFENSE AWARENESS THROUGH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION CULTURE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: January 2019

Each country has a unique personality that becomes the country's identity. Indonesia is known as a country that has community participation culture. However, that identity has been fading amid globalization today. As a matter of fact, community participation culture has the potential to be the unique culture of Indonesia in conquering the world through the conscious choice to defend the country for the unity of the nation. Research method employed in this study is literature review and observation based on author’s previous research. The result is analysis for the application of community participation culture in the management of renewable energy towards energy independence reinforcing state defense through the implementation of the basic principles of community participation which includes: (1) community develops, provides and utilizes renewable energy sources together; (2) community becomes the pioneer and innovator that can facilitate other community in independently providing and propelling the growth of people’s economy to reinforce state defense. Renewable energy management through state participation should not only be a normative advice, but should be clearly regulated to ensure people’s active participation in achieving the 23% target for renewable energy mix in 2025. There is a need to optimize the sustainable coordination, evaluation and supervision between Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration as well as Ministry of Defense in order to ensure people’s participation in creating sustainable renewable energy management and as a form of defending the state.

Keywords: defending the state, renewable energy, community participation culture
DEFENDING THE STATE THROUGH LOCAL FOOD CAMPAIGN ON INTERNET MEDIA
Authors: Handayani Lusia , Nahrawi Munawar K.
Published: January 2019

Food is the fundamental right of every human being. Communities or nations that are not satisfied with food sufficiency will have the potential to cause economic instability and even to bring down a government. Dependence on rice as a staple food can threaten economic and political stability when food is not adequately covered. One alternative that can be made to avoid the threat is to switch to other carbohydrates-based foods that grow in Indonesia, including sweet potato, cassava, arrowroot, and ganyong. However, those local food variety is still considered as second-class food, due to the persistence to rice-eating culture. Therefore, there is a necessity to create a local food campaign on internet media. The Internet is now growing into a medium capable to reach all kinds of people in a quick and precise manner. This descriptive study uses secondary data such as books and journals related to state defense and food security. The study finds that the use of internet as a medium for local food campaign to the community has not been implemented optimally, both by the government and non-government. In line with the rapid development of the internet and the importance of defending the country in all aspects, local food campaigns through internet media require the participation of all stakeholders.

 
Keywords: defending of the state, local food campaign, internet
THE SYNERGY OF INDONESIA’S MARITIME POWER INSTRUMENT TO FACE CHINA’S CLAIM OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA
Authors: Sidjabat Christine Anggi , Octavian Amarulla , Said Budiman Djoko
Published: January 2019

Despite the fact that Indonesia is not one of the claimant states, China’s provocation through its fishing boats escorted by Chinese Coast Guard has been violating Indonesia Exclusive Economic Zone on South China Sea (SCS) which intersects with Nine Dashed Line (NDL). Up to this day, the synergy among Indonesian maritime power instruments to defend Indonesia’s sovereign rights is still weak, thus the problem identified in this research is how the instrument of power authorized in Indonesia’s maritime domain synergizes to face China’s claim over SCS. Synergy analysis is seen from three aspects: perspective, policy, and Rules Of Engangement (ROE) applied to operational. This research uses qualitative method to further explore the research question, with Soft System Methodology technique to approach the problems through comparison between system of thought and real world in a structured manner, as well as supported by NVivo to execute the process of data triangulation. Research results show that Indonesia’s maritime power instrument have not a harmonious perspective on NDL yet. This study also shows that policy created by policy makers and strategic derivatives created by strategy makers of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia have not been in harmony, thus appropriate ROE at operational level to face China's provocation on the SCS has not been formulated by adjusting authority with instrument capability. Overall, the study found that the synergy of Indonesia’s maritime power instruments is not yet reliable to deal with China’s Claims over the territory of Indonesia in the SCS.

Keywords: Synergy, Maritime Power Instruments, Nine Dashed Line, South China Sea, Sovereign Rights
DINAMIKA MAJOR-POWER RELATION DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP TATANAN REGIONAL ASIA-PASIFIK DI ERA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Iriawan Sony
Published: January 2019

Asia-Pasifik sebagai “pivot” area abad ke-21, tentunya tidak terlepas dari beragam permasalahan yang menjadi agenda utama ketika membahas perkembangan politik internasional dewasa ini. Dinamika major-power relation sebagai gambaran kompleksitas hubungan Amerika Serikat-Cina telah berdampak signifikan terhadap tatanan regional di Asia-Pasifik. Urgensi pembentukan kembali tatanan regional Asia-Pasifik, menyimpan agenda “terselubung” ketika Cina sebagai emerging power secara perlahan menghadirkan ancaman bagi eksistensi hegemoni AS di kawasan. Dinamika major-power relation secara tidak langsung telah menciptakan persepsimenguatnya pengaruh Cina ditingkat regional yang berujung pada upaya pelemahan sentralistik kepemimpinan AS di Asia-Pasifik. Secara bersamaan, penciptaan perdamaian dan stabilitas keamanan kawasan juga menuntut pembentukan kembali tatanan regional Asia-Pasifik yang dapat mengakomodir adanya kemungkinan jika benar-benar terjadi transisi kekuasaan AS terhadap Cina.

Kata Kunci : major-power relation, tatanan regional, Asia-Pasifik, Amerika Serikat, kebangkitan Cina
SINERGI INSTRUMEN KEKUATAN MARITIM INDONESIA MENGHADAPI KLAIM CINA ATAS LAUT CINA SELATAN
Authors: Sidjabat Christine Anggi , Octavian Amarulla , Said Budiman Djoko
Published: January 2019

Indonesia bukan salah satu negara claimant, tetapi provokasi Cina melalui kapal nelayan yang dikawal oleh kapal Chinese Coast Guard telah melanggar hak berdaulat Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia di Laut Cina Selatan (LCS) yang berpotongan dengan Nine Dashed Line (NDL).

Sampai saat ini sinergi antar instrumen kekuatan maritim Indonesia untuk menjaga hak berdaulat Indonesia di LCS masih terlihat lemah, sehingga  rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana sinergi instrumen kekuatan yang berwenang pada domain maritim Indonesia dalam menghadapi Klaim Cina atas LCS. Analisa sinergi dilihat dari tiga aspek yaitu perspektif, kebijakan, dan Rules Of Engangement (ROE) yang diterapkan pada operasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi pertanyaan penelitian secara mendalam, dengan teknik analisa Soft System Methodology untuk melakukan pendekatan terhadap permasalahan dengan perbandingan sistem berpikir dan dunia nyata secara terstruktur, dan dibantu dengan NVivo untuk proses triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan instrumen kekuatan maritim di Indonesia belum memiliki perspektif yang selaras terhadap NDL. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan dari pembuat kebijakan dan turunan strategi dari pembuat strategi Pemerintah Republik Indonesia belum diharmonisasi, sehingga ROE pada level operasional yang tepat untuk menghadapi provokasi Cina atas LCS belum dirumuskan dengan menyesuaikan antara wewenang dengan kapabilitas instrumen. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian menemukan bahwa sinergi instrumen kekuatan maritim Indonesia masih perlu dioptimalkan untuk menghadapi Klaim Cina atas wilayah yurisdiksi Indonesia di LCS.

Kata Kunci: Sinergi, Instrumen Kekuatan Maritim, Nine Dashed Line, Laut Cina Selatan, Hak Berdaulat
MEMBANGUN KEKUATAN PERTAHANAN MELALUI PENGELOLAAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul
Published: January 2019

Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) sebagai salah satu sumber potensial untuk membangun kekuatan pertahanan secara nirmiliter bagi Indonesia. Akan tetapi, kondisi SDM Indonesia memiliki banyak tantangan ditengah kondisi majemuknya masyarakat yang ada. Salah satunya dengan menciptakan masyarakat yang bersatu dalam pluralisme bangsa. Metode penelitian pada kajian ini menggunakan studi literatur dan observasi penelitian penulis sebelumnya. Hasilnya adalah analisis pemanfaatan kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam pengelolaan energi terbarukan menuju kemandirian energi pendukung kekuatan pertahanan negara, melalui penerapan dasar prinsip partisipasi masyarakat yang mencakup: (1) Masyarakat menggerakkan dan memfasilitasi masyarakat lainnya untuk menyediakan energi secara mandiri serta ikut menggerakkan tumbuhnya ekonomi kerakyatan mendukung pertahanan negara; (2) Pengelolaan energi terbarukan melalui partisipasi masyarakat diharapkan bukan hanya imbauan yang bersifat normatif, namun harus ada regulasi yang mengatur keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam mendukung program pencapaian bauran energi terbarukan 23% pada Tahun 2025.

Kata Kunci : kekuatan pertahanan, kemajemukan masyarakat, energi
ANALISIS PERAN KODIM 0618/BS KOTA BANDUNG DALAM UPAYA PENGURANGAN RESIKO BENCANA ALAM DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Zaqy Fithra Luthfi Bahri , Thamrin Suyono , Lasmono Lasmono
Published: January 2019

Kodim 0618/BS Kota Bandung adalah satuan Komando Distrik Militer yang berada di bawah Komando Kodam III/Siliwangi yang membawahi sebanyak 14 Koramil yang tersebar di wilayah Kota Bandung. Dengan 14 Koramil yang tersebar di wilayah Kota Bandung, Kodim 0618/BS memiliki 347 personel dan berdiri sendiri karena tidak berada di bawah Korem dengan memiliki tugas untuk pemberdayaan wilayah, pertahanan dan menyiapkan semua aspek dalam pertahanan wilayah termasuk memiliki program dan penanganan sendiri dalam pengurangan resiko bencana alam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan guna mengetahui peran Kodim 0618/BS dalam pengurangan resiko bencana alam di Kota Bandung. Bandung termasuk daerah yang memiliki potensi bencana alam cukup tinggi karena berada di antara Sesar Lembang dan juga memiliki letak geografis berbentuk cekungan sehingga memiliki resiko yang cukup tinggi terhadap banjir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data lebih banyak dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data saat peneliti berada di lapangan, dan menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis, lokasi penelitian dilakukan di kota bandung dengan hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa: 1) peran Kodim 0618/BS cukup vital dalam pengurangan resiko bencana alam dibuktikan dengan posisi Dandim sebagai wakil ketua dalam susunan organisasi Satlak Penanggulangan dan Pengurangan Resiko Bencana, 2) Kota Bandung menggunakan Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Alam sebagai Organisasi yang bertanggung Jawab dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Alam, dan 3) kurangnya tenaga ahli mitigasi bencana sehingga diperlukan pelatihan khusus bagi personil.

Kata Kunci : Penanggulangan Bencana, Bencana alam, Tugas Pokok TNI
INDONESIA DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IN ACHIEVING NATIONAL INTEREST
Authors: Sudarsono Budyanto Putro , Mahroza Jonni , D.W. Surryanto
Published: January 2019

In achieving and securing national interests, diplomacy always plays significant role. In its implementation, the state uses all of its nationally available resources including military, economy, politics, intelligence and any other resources available. The use of military as an instrument in diplomacy is inevitable. The general consensus is that negotiation forms a core component of diplomacy. Winning in negotiation, therefore, can be likened to winning in diplomacy. In order to gain leverage during negotiations, gaining a better bargaining position is an important requirement and this strongly relies on a nation’s power of which one of the key components is the military. In this regard, the military power cannot be separated from state diplomacy. This research is designed to understand the role of Indonesia's defense diplomacy in achieving national interests. The objectives of this research are: First, to analyze the role of Indonesian defense diplomacy in achieving national interests and how to optimize it, and secondly, to analyze the factors that influence this role. This research employs qualitative method. All data is obtained through observation, interviews and literature studies. Data analysis is carried out simultaneously with data collection when the researcher is in the field. The research location is at Jakarta City. We can draw two conclusions from the result of the research: 1) The role of defense diplomacy in achieving national interests has not been optimal and its achievements are still limited to defense issues only; 2) Factors influencing the role of defense diplomacy include the capacity and capability of Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI), cooperation between agencies, and formulation of diplomacy strategy.

Keywords: Defense diplomacy, diplomacy strategy
Exploring the status of disaster risk reduction focusing coping strategies in Rangpur division of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman MM , Hiya HJ , Auyon ST , Islam MA
Published: January 2019

Bangladesh is a low laying country where disaster events are common phenomena almost every year. Same as coastal areas of Bangladesh, the northern areas are now suffering huge events of floods, droughts and riverbank erosion. The main purpose of this study is to determine the practice of disaster coping strategies by the people in the study areas. The study was carried out at Rajibpur sub-district under Kurigram district, Saghatta sub-district under Gaibandha district, Gangachara sub-district under Rangpur district, Aditmari sub-district under Lalmonirhat district and Dimla sub-district under Nilphamari district. Data were collected from a sample of 300 respondents from 5 subdistricts by using interview schedules 12 January 2017 to 19 March 2018. About 80% respondents are dependent on the TV or Radio news for pre-disaster warning and forecasting as well as more than this population loses their property above BDT 50000 in every year due to disaster damage. During flood, the respondents maintain some scoping materials like raising plinth, making scaffold, using moveable cooking materials, taking loan from the Mahajan and sold their non-productive assets. Most of the respondents from various study area follow these kinds of measures and about 63.33% respondents use bamboo or wood for their cooking purpose during flood. About 40% respondents from these study areas are suffered of shelter due to riverbank erosion and they migrate here and there for better life. More than two third of the respondents have no opportunity to get any kind of help or relief from the GOs and NGOs. They are now depending on their own coping strategies. They badly need a new coping strategy for reducing the damage of flood or riverbank erosion. Disaster forecasting, early warning system and community-based flood management can save many lives and properties. For effective disaster management strategies, it could be applied early warning systems and adequate training as pre-disaster strategy and availability of relief and other inputs at acceptable price and loan with flexible conditions as post-disaster strategy.

Progressive Agriculture 29 (3): 195-204, 2018
Biorational management of okra jassid (Amrasca devastans)
Authors: Akramuzzaman M , Uddin MM , Islam KS
Published: January 2019

An experiment was carried out to appraise the comparative efficacy of some biorationals against okra jassid at the Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to June 2016. The experiment was accomplished using three botanical oils (Neem oil@ 2ml/L, Mahogany oil @2ml/L & Karanja oil @2ml/L) and four microbial insecticides (Spinosad @ 1ml/ L, Beauveria bassiana @ 1 g/ L, Buprofezin @ 2ml/L, Emamectin benzoate @ 1g/L) along with control. Among various biorationals the mean number of nymph plant-1 varied significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05) after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spray. After 1st and 2nd spray, Beauveria showed the best results both at 3 DAT (0.00 & 2.33, respectively) while after 3rd spray Mahogany (0.00) performed best at 3 DAT compared to other treatments including control (4.00). In number of adult plant-1 effectiveness was reflected on Neem (0.66) among various biorationals at 3 DAT after 2nd spray. Similarly, at 5 and 7 DAT, the lowest number of adult was observed at Emamectin (1.66, 1.00), respectively. It revealed that Neem and Emamectin had strong efficacy in controlling okra jassid in comparison to their control (7.33, 11.33), respectively. After 3rd spray, the efficacy of different bioratioanls in managing okra jassid was significant (p<0.01). The Buprofezin showed the best performance both at 3 and 5 DAT (0.66 & 1.66, respectively). Similarly, the number of curled leaf plant-1 varied significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) after both 1st 2nd and 3rd spray than the control. The lowest number of curled leaf plant-1 was observed in Neem (0.66) treated plants at 3 DAT after 2nd spray. This data revealed that the Neem had strong effect on okra jassid management. The number of curled leaf plot-1 also varied significantly (p<0.01) after 2nd and 3rd spray than the control. The highest infestation was always found in control treatment. The results indicated that Beauveria bassiana had strong efficacy in controlling okra jassid followed by Neem oil, Buprofezin and Emamectin benzoate in comparison to control. Therefore, it might be concluded that these biorational insecticides could be used as eco-friendly management strategy for okra jassid and can be incorporated in developing IPM programme for jassid.

Progressive Agriculture 29 (3): 205-212, 2018