bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatal disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection in a cat from Madrid, Spain
Authors: Real Llibertat , Barneto Alberto , Kortabarria Nekane , Aduriz Gorka
Published: January 2025

Case summary

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally distributed apicomplexan protozoan infecting all warm-blooded animals. Cats are the definitive host, susceptible to clinical disease. In Spain, studies have shown the widespread presence of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in cats but there are no published data on clinical toxoplasmosis in cats from Spain. We describe a case of fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a 7-year-old outdoor domestic shorthair cat. The cat, an active hunter, was presented with a 1-week history of malaise and acute deterioration over 24 h. Fever, tachypnoea and abdominal discomfort were detected on physical examination. No evidence of immunosuppressive disease or previous treatment could be found. A moderate increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was found on serum biochemistry. Radiography revealed hepatomegaly and a small patchy pulmonary alveolar pattern in the caudal lung lobes. In 48 h, the AST and ALT levels were severely increased and the cat’s respiratory signs worsened. Parenteral clindamycin administration (25 mg/kg IV q12h) and supportive treatment could not prevent progression to death. Cytology from the liver and lungs revealed organisms morphologically consistent with T gondii. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test Toxoplasma titres were 1:100 IgM and 1:100 IgG. PCR performed on scraped material from glass cytology slides was positive for T gondii in both lung and liver aspirates.

Relevant and novel information

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a cat described in Spain, confirmed by PCR. Fine-needle aspirates from the liver could assist in the diagnosis of fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis when liver enzymes are increased.
In-Service Mathematics Teacher’s Professional Noticing of Exemplary Video Lessons Through Two Frameworks: An Exploratory Study in China
Authors: Chen (陈可欣) Kexin , Zhang (张侨平) Qiaoping , Lee (이미연) Mi Yeon , Cao (曹阳) Yang
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the noticing ability of Chinese in-service mathematics teachers (ISTs) when observing exemplary mathematics lessons online using two different noticing frameworks.

Design/Approach/Methods

The noticing of 24 ISTs was examined based on three dimensions: agent, topic, and stance. The data were collected qualitatively through guided questions during the video observation activity, and their noticing levels were analyzed using existing frameworks.

Findings

Utilizing the Focused Framework, Chinese ISTs exhibited a greater breadth and depth of noticing, in relation to both students’ mathematical thinking and teaching pedagogies. Their noticing abilities surpassed those utilizing an Open Framework, with enhanced sensitivity in adapting their teaching strategies to better address students’ mathematical reasoning. The study also revealed limitations in the current practices of classroom observation and teacher reflections.

Originality/Value

This study provides valuable insights into the noticing abilities of Chinese in-service teachers and the effectiveness of various noticing frameworks in enhancing their skills. It highlights the importance of further research on teacher noticing within Eastern contexts. The findings have significant implications for teachers’ professional development, advocating for the integration of noticing frameworks into teacher education programs to improve teachers’ abilities to discern critical elements of students’ mathematical thinking and pedagogical practices.
Navigating prolonged stressor events: Exploring the unexpected relationship with mental health and physical activity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lowe Catherine T , Curry Catherine J , Climie Emma A , Jiang Yuanyuan , Rogers Maria A , Corkum Penny , Mah Janet WT
Published: January 2025

Chronic stressors threaten child development with risk for poor mental health, disproportionately impacting those with pre-existing conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, associations between physical activity and mental health in children with ADHD during prolonged stressor experiences, such as the pandemic, are not well understood. Parents of youth ( n = 412) with ADHD ( n = 277) and without ADHD ( n = 132) reported their youth's weekly physical activity levels, mental health symptom severity and subjective well-being during the pandemic. Bivariate correlation, independent t-tests and hierarchical multiple regression analyses assessed and compared relationships among factors between youth with and without ADHD during the onset of the pandemic. Children with ADHD had significantly higher mental health symptom severity scores and substantially lower subjective well-being scores than children without ADHD. Overall, there was no difference in physical activity levels between those with and without ADHD, and no association was identified between physical activity and subjective well-being in either group. However, counter to expectations and unique to the current study, for those with ADHD, there was a relationship between increased physical activity levels and worsened mental health symptom severity, warranting targeted attention to intervention and mitigation for future stressors and social disruptions.
Healthcare utilization and costs for patients with Parkinson’s disease in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuan-Chen , Ku Li-Jung Elizabeth , Hu Ya-Hui , Sun Yu , Elbaz Alexis , Lee Pei-Chen
Published: January 2025

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) exerts a considerable burden on the elderly. Studies on long-term costs for Parkinson’s disease patients in Taiwan are not available.

Objectives

This study aims to examine the medical resource utilization and medical costs including drug costs for PD patients in Taiwan over up to 15 years of follow-up.

Methods

Incident PD patients and matched non-PD subjects were identified between 2003 and 2016 from the National Health Insurance (NHI) research database. Differences in annual healthcare utilization and costs between PD and non-PD subjects from 2003 to 2018 were predicted by generalized linear models. We performed analyses stratified by PD severity and also by age, gender, and duration of follow-up.

Results

We identified 50,290 PD cases and 201,153 non-PD subjects. From the payer’s perspective, the average total medical costs (drug costs) associated with PD and non-PD subjects were NT$631,080 (NT$222,810) and NT$480,880 (NT$140,120), respectively. Total medical and drug costs of PD after diagnosis remained high, from NT$138,487 per patient in the first year following diagnosis up to NT$154,676 per patient at year 15. The largest components of costs were for outpatient care (55% of total medical costs), and total drugs cost (35% of total medical costs). Patients with severe PD incurred higher total medical costs compared to those with moderate or mild PD, with outpatient and inpatient costs as well as drug costs rising with disease severity.

Conclusions

This is the first study of its kind in Taiwan that comprehensively analyzes long-term healthcare utilization and costs among PD patients. PD imposes a significant economic burden in Taiwan, with medical (drug) costs being 1.31 (1.59) times that of non-PD individuals and costs increasing substantially with PD severity. Our findings can aid health policymakers in understanding the healthcare needs and medical costs of PD patients, supporting effective policy formulation.
Association of female genital schistosomiasis and human papillomavirus and cervical pre-cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Sturt Amy , Omar Tanvier , Hansingo Isaiah , Kamfwa Paul , Bustinduy Amaya , Kelly Helen
Published: January 2025

Background

S. haematobium is a recognized carcinogen and is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Its association with high-risk(HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence, cervical pre-cancer and cervical cancer incidence has not been fully explored.

Methods

We searched OvidSP MEDLINE, OvidSP Embase, Global Index Medicus, PubMed and the Wiley Cochrane library without date or language restrictions up to April 20, 2024 for abstracts evaluating the association of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) with the prevalence, incidence or persistence of cervical HR-HPV, and incidence of histology-verified cervical pre-cancer or cancer. Cervical pre-cancer defined using cervical cytology or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was also considered, but as lower quality evidence. We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using a modified Newcastle Ottawa scale. This study is registered on PROSPERO: CRD42023389301.

Results

We identified 1,170 publications and six studies were eligible for inclusion. Five studies were cross sectional and 1 was prospective. The studies describe 1081 women living in sub-Saharan Africa. One study from Zimbabwe reported an increased risk of HR-HPV prevalence at baseline in women with composite-FGS compared to women without FGS (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 – 3.6, p = 0.03), however no association was seen after 5 years of follow-up. Another study from KwaZulu-Natal reported an increased odds of any HPV prevalence among women with visual-FGS compared to women without FGS (aOR 1.71 [1.14 – 2.56], p = 0.01). However, a study in Madagascar did not show increased odds of any HPV among women with visual-FGS compared to women without FGS (OR 1.0 [0.82 – 1.2). Of 4 studies evaluating the association of FGS and cervical pre-cancer, one reported an increased risk of VIA abnormalities in women with molecular-FGS compared to those without (aOR 6.08, 95% CI 1.58 – 23.37). Three studies did not report an association between FGS and cervical pre-cancer (cytology defined (n = 2) and histology defined (n = 1)).

Conclusion

There are limited and low quality data on the risk of HR-HPV infection and cervical pre-cancer and cancer among women with FGS. Given limited data, it was not possible to confirm or exclude an association between FGS and HPV, cervical pre-cancer, and cervical cancer and additional research is needed.
Mixed method study of feasibility and acceptability of electronic screening for measurement-based symptom monitoring of veterans accessing mental health treatment in VA community care program settings
Authors: Almklov Erin , Lee Michael W. , Gault John D. , Blanco Brian H. , Huynh Brian , Angkaw Abigail , Doran Neal , Afari Niloofar , Pittman James O. E.
Published: January 2025

Background

2022 survey data showed 29% of Veterans utilized Veterans Affairs (VA) paid health care at a non-VA facility, 6% higher than in 2021. Despite an increase in the number of Veterans accessing care in the community via the MISSION Act Community Care Program (CCP), there is limited information on the quality of mental health care delivered to Veterans in these settings. Further, Veterans report barriers to quality care, including poor communication between CCP and VA providers, which can result in negative patient outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using electronic screening, eScreening, as part of a process involving remote symptom screening, symptom monitoring, and clinically driven communication from VA to CCP providers, for Veterans accessing mental health treatment in CCP settings.

Methods

Veterans (n = 150) diagnosed with major depressive disorder, an anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and/or an adjustment disorder referred to mental health care in CCP between August-November 2021 were eligible to participate. Veterans received an eScreening link to complete an initial web-based assessment and three follow-up assessments spaced 4–6 weeks apart over the course of their treatment. Quantitative assessment data was largely characterized using descriptive statistics and included patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures (PTSD and depression), health-related quality of life/functioning, community care information (e.g., number of sessions attended), and satisfaction with the eScreening technology. Qualitative interview data was also collected from participating Veterans and CCP providers to better understand experiences with eScreening.

Results

Findings support the feasibility and acceptability of using eScreening to administer and monitor PROs for Veterans accessing mental health treatment in CCP. Of the Veterans who provided eScreening satisfaction ratings (Ns = 45–55), 89% had no technical difficulties; 78% felt comfortable entering personal information; and 83% were neutral or positive about ease of use. Focus group interviews revealed strong support from Veterans, who stated the software was easy to use; they felt comfortable completing PRO measures; and they appreciated having their symptoms monitored. Similarly, providers indicated eScreening had a positive impact on communication, collaboration of care, and transparency.

Conclusions

Technologies like eScreening represent a promising tool to support the mental health care Veterans receive when they access CCP.
Translation, adaptation, and validation of the Care Coordination Instrument for cancer patients
Authors: Werner Anne , Steckelberg Anke , Strobel Alexandra , Wienke Andreas , Schmidt Heike , Vordermark Dirk , Michl Patrick , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Lühnen Julia
Published: January 2025

Background

Cancer requires interdisciplinary intersectoral care. The Care Coordination Instrument (CCI) captures patients’ perspectives on cancer care coordination. We aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the CCI for Germany (CCI German version).

Methods

The original English version contains 29 items in three domains, measured on a 4-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). Validation was conducted in three phases (mixed methods): (I) translation; (II) adaptation: pilot testing and revision in an iterative process using semi-structured, cognitive interviews with patients and professionals (physicians specializing in cancer), with interviews transcribed and qualitatively analyzed by inductive coding; and (III) validation: quantitative validation performed online (LimeSurvey), of at least 80 German patients, each with common cancer (breast, prostate) and rare cancer (different entities), with examination of factor structure (factor analysis) and determination of internal consistency (Cronbach's α) as well as potential influencing factors such as gender, education, or migration background (multivariable regression).

Results

Six patients and six professionals tested the translated instrument for comprehensibility, readability, and acceptability. Two items were consistently problematic for interviewees. A 31-item version (29 items + 2 alternative items) was validated in 192 patients. The alternative items had a higher variance in response behavior and were better understood; therefore, they replaced the two problematic items. However, the three original domains could not be confirmed statistically. Exploratively, a two-factorial structure (with cross-loadings) emerged, which can be interpreted as “communication/information” (16 items) and “need-based navigation” (17 items). Overall, the instrument had a high internal consistency (total score α = 0.931, M = 47.16, SD = 14.25; communication/information α = 0.924, M = 30.14, SD = 8.93; need-based navigation α = 0.868, M = 23.99, SD = 8.37). Significant factors on the care coordination score are treatment location (hospital vs. private practice oncologist M = -9.83 score points, p = 0.011) and gender (women vs. men M = 8.92 score points, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The CCI German version is a valid instrument for measuring patients’ perceptions of cancer care coordination. Both domains reflect important aspects of care. The sensitivity of the CCI should be examined in future studies involving different cancer entities.
Clinical benefits of central pancreatectomy for a patient with pancreatic schwannoma and diabetes
Authors: Zhao Long Cheng , Li Zi Ye , Wu Fan , Hu Yue , Wang Bai Lin
Published: January 2025

Schwannomas are tumors that originate from the glial cells of the nervous system and can occur on myelinated nerve fibers throughout the body, especially in the craniofacial region. However, pancreatic schwannomas are extremely rare. We report a case of a pancreatic schwannoma that was difficult to differentiate from other pancreatic tumors preoperatively. A 44-year-old female patient was found to have a pancreatic mass on Computed Tomography imaging and the preoperative diagnosis was a pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Meanwhile, the patient had type 2 diabetes and the blood glucose was controlled at 8-15mmol/L by taking oral antidiabetic drugs. During exploratory laparotomy, an 8 cm × 7 cm × 4 cm mass was discovered in the middle part of the pancreas. Considering the preoperative diabetes, the patient underwent a central pancreatectomy (CP) and Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy. Postoperative histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a pancreatic epitheloid schwannoma. After surgery, the patient developed Grade B pancreatic fistula, which disappeared after treatment. At the same time, the patient’s blood glucose remained basically stable by insulin therapy, which was adjusted to oral antidiabetic medications in about 40 days after surgery. At a 32-month follow-up after discharge, no tumor recurrence was observed, and the patient’s blood glucose was controlled below 11.1mmol/L with only oral antidiabetic drugs. The radiological diagnosis of pancreatic schwannomas lacks specific features, and diagnosis primarily relies on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical testing. Although pancreatic schwannomas are extremely rare, they must be differentiated from other solid or cystic pancreatic lesions. For patients with pancreatic schwannoma and diabetes, CP may represent a favorable surgical option.
Optimising (re-)irradiation for locally recurrent head and neck cancer: impact of dose-escalation, salvage surgery, PEG tube and biomarkers on oncological outcomes—a single centre analysis
Authors: Schleifenbaum Julia Katharina , Morgenthaler Janis , Sharma Shachi Jenny , Klußmann Jens Peter , Linde Philipp , Wegen Simone , Rosenbrock Johannes , Baues Christian , Fokas Emmanouil , Khor Richard , Ng Sweet Ping , Marnitz Simone , Trommer Maike
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Locoregional recurrence (LR) is common in locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNSCC), posing challenges for treatment. We analysed outcome parameters and toxicities for patients being treated with radiotherapy (RT) for LR-HNSCC and investigated patient and disease related prognostic factors in this prognostically unfavourable group.

Methods

This analysis includes 101 LR-HNSCC patients treated with RT, radio-chemotherapy (RCT) or radio-immunotherapy (RIT) between 2010 and 2018 at a high-volume tertiary centre. Patient characteristics, tumour and treatment details were retrospectively collected. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicities according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 were assessed.

Results

62% of patients were radiotherapy-naïve (initial RT group) while 38% were re-irradiated at site of LR (re-RT group). Median OS for initial RT was 24 months, for re-RT 12 months (p < 0.01). In the RCT subgroup, patients with initial RT had significantly longer OS with 35 months compared to re-RT 12 months (p < 0.05). Patients with UICC grade IV tumours and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube had significantly shorter OS in multivariate analysis: initial RT 13 vs. re-RT 32 months and initial RT 12 vs. re-RT 32 months respectively. Salvage surgery before RT at recurrence was a positive prognostic factor for OS (initial RT 35 vs. re-RT 12 months). Other significant factors for longer OS in univariate analysis included low inflammatory status (Glasgow Prognostic Score 0) and radiation doses ≥ 50 Gy. We detected 37 (15%) ≥ CTCAE Grade 3 events for initial RT and 19 (15%) for re-RT patients.

Conclusion

In this analysis, we identified key prognostic factors including PEG tube and inflammation status that could guide treatment decision. Our findings suggest salvage surgery as preferred treatment option with postoperative RT at LR. Adverse events due to re-RT were acceptable. A radiation dose of ≥ 50 Gy should be administered to achieve better outcomes.
Research progress on the association between lung cancer and pulmonary embolism
Authors: Zhang Yi-Wen , Tao Rui , Wu Dan , Ou Jin-Chun , Kong Zhuo-Chao , Zhu Zhen-Zhen
Published: January 2025

Pulmonary embolism (PE), a form of venous thromboembolism, is a frequently observed complication in malignancies, with a notably high incidence in individuals with lung cancer. The presence of PE markedly reduces the quality of life and has a significant impact on the prognosis of those diagnosed with both lung cancer and PE. As a result, timely diagnosis and intervention are of paramount importance. The presence of PE markedly reduces the quality of life and has a significant impact on the prognosis of those diagnosed with both lung cancer and PE. As a result, timely diagnosis and intervention are of paramount importance.
Modulating delirium through stimulation (MoDeSt): study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial assessing the effect of postoperative transcranial electrical stimulation on delirium incidence
Authors: Leroy Sophie , Bublitz Viktor , Grittner Ulrike , Fleischmann Robert , von Dincklage Falk , Antonenko Daria
Published: January 2025

Background

Postoperative delirium (POD) is the most common neurological adverse event among elderly patients undergoing surgery. POD is associated with an increased risk for postoperative complications, long-term cognitive decline, an increase in morbidity and mortality as well as extended hospital stays. Delirium prevention and treatment options are currently limited. This study will evaluate the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on the incidence of POD.

Methods

We will perform a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial using single-session postoperative application of tES in the recovery room in 225 patients (> 65 years) undergoing elective major surgery. Patients will be randomly allocated (ratio 1:1:1) to one of three study groups: (1) alpha-tACS over posterior parietal cortex [2 mA, 20 min], (2) anodal tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [2 mA, 20 min], (3) sham [2 mA, 30 s]. Delirium will be screened twice daily with the 3-min diagnostic interview Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) in the 5 days following surgery. The primary outcome is the incidence of POD defined as at least one positive screening during the five first postoperative days compared between tACS and sham groups. Secondary outcomes include delirium severity, duration, phenotype, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, electroencephalographic (EEG) markers, and fluid biomarkers.

Discussion

If effective, tES is a novel, easily applicable, non-invasive method to prevent the occurrence of POD. The comprehensive neurophysiological and biofluid assessments for markers of (neuro-)inflammation and neurodegeneration will shed light on the pathomechanisms behind POD and further elucidate the (after-)effects of tES. The potential implications for the postoperative recovery comprise enhanced patient safety, neurocognitive outcome, perioperative manageability but also reduced healthcare costs.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trial Registry DRKS00033703. Registered on February 23, 2024.
The role of genetic diversity, epigenetic regulation, and sex-based differences in HIV cure research: a comprehensive review
Authors: Letchumanan Punitha , Theva Das Kumitaa
Published: January 2025

Despite significant advances in HIV treatment, a definitive cure remains elusive. The first-in-human clinical trial of Excision BioTherapeutics’ CRISPR-based HIV cure, EBT-101, demonstrated safety but failed to prevent viral rebound. These outcomes may result from the interplay of several factors. Growing evidence indicates that intricate epigenetic modifications play a major role in the persistence of HIV latency, presenting a significant barrier to eradication efforts and causing viral rebound after ART discontinuation. Current strategies to purge the latent reservoir involve LRAs that reactivate latent proviruses. However, their clinical success is hindered by the heterogeneity of HIV reservoirs and the virus’s diverse pathways. Additionally, RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m^6 A) methylation influence HIV biology beyond transcriptional control, affect RNA stability, splicing, and translation, which could enhance therapeutic efficacy. The regulatory framework of chromatin dynamics is also key to understanding viral latency and reactivation, such as Vpr’s role in reactivating latent HIV by targeting HDACs. Sex-specific factors were also shown to play an important role with females, showing stronger early immune responses and higher representation among elite controllers. This review addresses the multifaceted challenges of HIV cure research, focusing on genetic diversity, epigenetic regulation, RNA modifications, chromatin remodeling, and sex-specific factors. By integrating insights into these aspects, this paper aims to advance our understanding of HIV cure strategies and highlight directions for future research.
Isolation and characterization of ɸEcM-vB1 bacteriophage targeting multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Abozahra Rania , Shlkamy Dina , Abdelhamid Sarah M.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study is to screen for, isolate and characterize a bacteriophage designated ɸEcM-vB1 with confirmed lytic activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli. Methods done in this research are bacteriophage isolation, purification, titer determination, bacteriophage morphology, host range determination, bacteriophage latent period and burst size determination, genomic analysis by restriction enzymes, and bacteriophage total protein content determination.

Results

ɸEcM-vB1 bacteriophage exhibited high lytic activity against different MDR E. coli isolates and showed stability over wide pH and temperature range. It belongs to the Myoviridae family of the caudovirales order according to TEM. It had a latent period of 5 min and an average burst size of 271.72 pfu/cell. Genomic analysis revealed that it is susceptible to digestion by EcoRI. Ten structural proteins were detected by SDS-PAGE. ɸEcM-vB1 is considered a promising candidate for phage therapy applications.
Batch biosorption studies of ammonical nitrogen (NH3-N) ions from aqueous solutions using the ubiquitous bacteria Klebsiella sp.: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Alown Fadaa , Ameen Fuad , Vadiveloo Ashiwin
Published: January 2025

Background

The ubiquity of ammonical nitrogen (NH3-N) in aquatic habitats is a contradictory phenomenon since it serves a crucial function in maintaining these ecosystems, yet when levels are too high, they can have adverse effects on ecological balance and human welfare. An extensive set of batch tests were used in this study to see how well the bacterial species Klebsiella sp. broke down ammonical nitrogen (NH3-N).

Results

The research results established that Klebsiella sp. has a remarkable capacity to adapt to ammonical nitrogen concentrations of up to 125 mg/l over a long period of time. The adaptation process depends on several factors such as biomass abundance, ammonical nitrogen concentration, pH, and temperature. This study identified the optimal method for the absorption of ammonical nitrogen (NH3-N) from a solution at a concentration of 100 parts per million (ppm), achieving an efficiency of 89 ± 1.5% mg/g under specified conditions. At a pH of 6.5, the adsorbent dosage was 0.3 g in 50 milliliters of NH3-N at a temperature of 26 degrees C. We used an extensive range of analytical techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Xray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, to confirm the accuracy of our results. The study also showed that the biosorption process closely followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model, which propose that both physical and chemical processes were involved. The thermodynamic studies also showed that this process can happen on its own and can be used in industry.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the great ability of Klebsiella sp. to reduce NH3-N, providing important knowledge for water quality management and aquatic ecosystem preservation.

Graphical Abstract
Guyton’s hemodynamic mosaic: crafting fluid management with precision
Authors: Passos Rogerio Da Hora , Pereira Silva Luciano Ribeiro , Urbano Andari Leonardo Van De Wiel Barros , Flato Uri Adrian Prync , Assunção Murillo Santucci Cesar , Corrêa Thiago Domingos
Published: January 2025

Sheldon Magder’s article on applying Arthur Guyton’s principles to clinical fluid management provides valuable insights into optimizing hemodynamics in critically ill patients. While emphasizing the role of right atrial pressure (RAP) in assessing cardiac output, challenges arise due to RAP’s variable accuracy and the oversimplification of cardiovascular dynamics. Integrating RAP with dynamic assessments and bedside ultrasound can enhance fluid management strategies. Future research should aim to improve RAP’s predictive accuracy and validate its clinical utility for individualized patient care.
Co-housing with Tibetan chickens improved the resistance of Arbor Acres chickens to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection by altering their gut microbiota composition
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Zhu Qidong , Xiao Yunqi , Yu Qinghua , Shi Shourong
Published: January 2025

Background

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a global foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to human health, with poultry being the primary reservoir host. Therefore, addressing S. Enteritidis infections in poultry is crucial to protect human health and the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated the effect of co-housing Arbor Acres (AA) chickens, a commercial breed susceptible to S. Enteritidis, with Tibetan chickens, a local breed resistant to S. Enteritidis infection, on the resistance of the latter to the pathogen.

Results

Ninety-six 1-day-old Tibetan chickens and 96 1-day-old AA chickens were divided into a Tibetan chicken housed alone group (n = 48), an AA chicken housed alone group (n = 48), and a co-housed group (48 birds from each breed for 2 cages). All birds were provided the same diet, and the experimental period lasted 14 d. At d 7, all chickens were infected with S. Enteritidis, and samples were collected at 1-, 3-, and 7-day-post-infection. We found that the body weight of AA chickens significantly increased when co-housed with Tibetan chickens at 1- and 3-day-post-infection (P < 0.05). In addition, the cecal S. Enteritidis load in AA chickens was significantly reduced at 1-, 3-, and 7-day-post-infection (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the inflammatory response in AA chickens decreased, as evidenced by the decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines NOS2, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in their cecal tonsils (P < 0.05). Co-housing with Tibetan chickens significantly increased the height of villi and number of goblet cells (P < 0.05), as well as the expression of claudin-1 (P < 0.05), a tight junction protein, in the jejunum of AA chickens. Further analysis revealed that co-housing altered the gut microbiota composition in AA chickens; specifically, the relative abundances of harmful microbes, such as Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Tuzzerella, Anaerotruncus, Paludicola, and Anaerofilum were reduced (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that co-housing with Tibetan chickens enhanced the resistance of AA chickens to S. Enteritidis infection without compromising the resistance of Tibetan chickens. This study provides a novel approach for Salmonella control in practical poultry production.
Intelligent educational technologies in individual learning: a systematic literature review
Authors: Kerimbayev Nurassyl , Adamova Karlygash , Shadiev Rustam , Altinay Zehra
Published: January 2025

This review was conducted in order to determine the specific role of intelligent technologies in the individual learning experience. The research work included consider articles published between 2014 and 2024, found in Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases, and selected among 933 мarticles on the topic. Materials were checked for compliance with the criteria for headings, annotations and full texts and then further analyzed. The research study includes 38 review articles that were selected based on a rigorous evaluation and selection process in accordance with the PRISMA methodology and the AMSTAR2 critical assessment strategy. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the scope of application of intelligent technologies in individual education in research is diverse, and the results of articles on this topic are heterogeneous. The article identifies aspects of the effective use of intelligent technologies in education, emerging difficulties and limitations, as well as provides examples of successful implementation in various educational institutions. Although there are advantages to using smart technologies in education in general, we should not ignore what needs to be considered. On this point, the article presents the difficulties that arise when using intelligent technologies in education, and ways to prevent them.
Immunomodulatory insights of monoterpene glycosides in endometriosis: immune infiltration and target pathways analysis
Authors: Zhan Jin , Wu Jiajie
Published: January 2025

Endometriosis is a complex gynecological condition characterized by abnormal immune responses. This study aims to explore the immunomodulatory effects of monoterpene glycosides from Paeonia lactiflora on endometriosis. Using the ssGSEA algorithm, we assessed immune cell infiltration levels between normal and endometriosis groups. Key targets were identified through differential expression analysis of the GSE51981 dataset. Potential immunomodulatory targets of Paeonia lactiflora compounds were identified through Venn diagram analysis, followed by enrichment and machine learning analyses. A nomogram was developed for predicting endometriosis, while molecular docking explored compound-target interactions. Significant differences in immune cell infiltration were observed, with increased CD8 T cells, cytotoxic cells, and others in endometriosis. Differential expression analysis identified 43 potential targets. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Machine learning identified SSTR5, CASP3, FABP2, and SYK as critical targets, contributing to a nomogram that demonstrated good predictive performance for endometriosis risk. Molecular docking revealed strong interactions between Paeoniflorigenone and CASP3. Our findings suggest that monoterpene glycosides have therapeutic effects on endometriosis by modulating key immune-related targets and pathways, providing a basis for further investigation into Paeonia lactiflora’s potential as a treatment for this condition.
The populistisation of green politics and the greening of populism: an examination of environmental populism in Europe
Authors: Fu Cong
Published: January 2025

In the face of neoliberalism’s failure and the challenges posed by environmental issues, green politics has found itself at the intersection of populism and environmentalism. Environmental concerns have become integral to populist agendas, emerging as a new form and approach to green politics in Europe. This paper defines environmental populism as the integration of green ideas and associated behavioral patterns within populist ideology and provides a categorized analysis of five ideological types: far-left, left, center, right, and far-right. By analyzing the strategies through which environmental populism exploits structural opportunities within party competition and party systems, it is possible to identify the populistisation of green politics and the greening of populism at the left and right ends of the political spectrum respectively. This paper argues that environmental populism is characterized by a self-centered nature, which presents challenges such as the strengthening of nationalism, the fragmentation and contradiction within green politics, and the undermining of relevant governance mechanisms. However, it also opens opportunities for rethinking environmental democracy politically and cognitively, reassessing the ecological identity of the populace, and fostering a form of green cohesion that transcends narrow politics of “identity.” The populistised environmentalism entails an ongoing exploration of eco-socialism and ecological modernization.
Voxelwise characterization of noise for a clinical photon-counting CT scanner with a model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Masturzo Luigi , Barca Patrizio , De Masi Luca , Marfisi Daniela , Traino Antonio , Cademartiri Filippo , Giannelli Marco
Published: January 2025

Background

Photon-counting detector (PCD) technology has the potential to reduce noise in computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to carry out a voxelwise noise characterization for a clinical PCD-CT scanner with a model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm (QIR).

Methods

Forty repeated axial acquisitions (tube voltage 120 kV, tube load 200 mAs, slice thickness 0.4 mm) of a homogeneous water phantom and CTP404 module (Catphan-504) were performed. Water phantom acquisitions were also performed on a conventional energy-integrating detector (EID) scanner with a sinogram/image-based iterative reconstruction algorithm, using similar acquisition/reconstruction parameters. For smooth/sharp kernels, filtered back projection (FBP)- and iterative-reconstructed images were obtained. Noise maps, non-uniformity index (NUI) of noise maps, image noise histograms, and noise power spectrum (NPS) curves were computed.

Results

For FBP-reconstructed images of water phantom, mean noise was (smooth/sharp kernel) 11.7 HU/51.1 HU and 18.3 HU/80.1 HU for PCD-scanner and EID-scanner, respectively, with NUI values for PCD-scanner less than half those for EID-scanner. Percentage noise reduction increased with increasing iterative power, up to (smooth/sharp kernel) 57.7%/72.5% and 56.3%/70.1% for PCD-scanner and EID-scanner, respectively. For PCD-scanner, FBP- and QIR-reconstructed images featured an almost Gaussian distribution of noise values, whose shape did not appreciably vary with iterative power. Noise maps of CTP404 module showed increased NUI values with increasing iterative power, up to (smooth/sharp kernel) 15.7%/9.2%. QIR-reconstructed images showed limited low-frequency shift of NPS peak frequency.

Conclusion

PCD-CT allowed appreciably reducing image noise while improving its spatial uniformity. QIR algorithm decreases image noise without modifying its histogram distribution shape, and partly preserving noise texture.

Relevance statement

This phantom study corroborates the capability of photon-counting detector technology in appreciably reducing CT imaging noise and improving spatial uniformity of noise values, yielding a potential reduction of radiation exposure, though this needs to be assessed in more detail.

Key Points

First voxelwise characterization of noise for a clinical CT scanner with photon-counting detector technology.

Photon-counting detector technology has the capability to appreciably reduce CT imaging noise and improve spatial uniformity of noise values.

In photon-counting CT, a model-based iterative reconstruction algorithm (QIR) allows decreasing effectively image noise.

This is done without modifying noise histogram distribution shape, while limiting the low-frequency shift of noise power spectrum peak frequency.

Graphical Abstract
MIRAGE syndrome: a case report of de novo SAMD9 c.884del p.(Pro295GlnfsTer104) variant and a novel phenotype of pyloric stenosis
Authors: Assker Mohamad M. , Al Haidar Mahdia , Faris Marwan , Emara Ahmed , Al Abrach Yousef , Al Shehhi Maryam
Published: January 2025

Background

MIRAGE syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by myelodysplasia, infection, growth restriction, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy, resulting from mutations in the SAMD9 gene. This syndrome is notably rare, with fewer than 60 documented cases globally. We present a unique case of an 8-month-old boy with MIRAGE syndrome exhibiting a previously unreported clinical manifestation of pyloric stenosis, contributing to the expanding phenotypic spectrum of the disorder.

Case presentation

An 8-month-old boy who was born full-term with a birth weight of 3.8 kg presented with multiple infections, including urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and viral illnesses, requiring hospital admissions. At three months, he was diagnosed with pyloric stenosis following recurrent vomiting. Further complications included respiratory failure, developmental delay, and failure to thrive. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous SAMD9 mutation (c.884del, p.(Pro295GlnfsTer104)) and an X-linked pathogenic duplication affecting 21 genes. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome.

Conclusions

This case underscores the phenotypic diversity of MIRAGE syndrome, highlighting pyloric stenosis as a novel clinical feature. Early recognition and a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach are crucial for managing the syndrome's severe and varied manifestations. More research needs to be undertaken to further understand the genotypes of MIRAGE syndrome and its phenotypical manifestations.
Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: A Quality-of-Life Evaluation and 2-Year Outcomes of BMT CTN 1703
Authors: Holtan Shernan G. , Bolaños-Meade Javier , Al Malki Monzr M. , Wu Juan , Kitko Carrie L. , Reshef Ran , Rezvani Andrew R. , Shaffer Brian C. , Solh Melhem M. , Yao Janny M. , Runaas Lyndsey , Elmariah Hany , Larkin Karilyn T. , El Jurdi Najla , Gooptu Mahasweta , Loren Alison W. , Hall Aric C. , Alousi Amin M. , Jamy Omer , Clark William , Kean Leslie , Bhatt Ami S. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Applegate Kristy , Efebera Yvonne Adeduni , Leifer Eric , Jones Richard J. , Horowitz Mary M. , Mattila Deborah , Saber Wael , Hamadani Mehdi , Martens Michael J.
Published: January 2025

The BMT CTN 1703 phase III trial confirmed that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), tacrolimus (Tac), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) results in superior GVHD-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) compared with Tac/methotrexate (MTX) prophylaxis. This companion study assesses the effect of these regimens on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Using the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Score and PROMIS subscales (physical function, GI symptoms, social role satisfaction) as primary end points and hemorrhagic cystitis symptoms and Lee subscales as secondary end points, responses from English and Spanish speakers were analyzed at baseline and days 100, 180, and 365 after transplant. PRO scores were compared between the arms using inverse probability weighted-independent estimating equation models. The PTCy arm had significantly lower scores on the Lee Chronic GVHD Symptom Scale (
P
= .01), indicating lower GVHD symptom burden. Lee Scale nutrition and mouth subscores were also better in the PTCy arm compared with the Tac/MTX arm (
P
< .01 for both). Older participants (age >65 years) reported better Lee Scale psychological subscores than younger participants (
P
= .003). No significant differences were identified in hemorrhagic cystitis or in the PROMIS subscales between treatment arms. The updated clinical end points at 2 years for the parent trial confirmed that PTCy/Tac/MMF maintained a significant advantage over Tac/MTX in GRFS (42.4%
v
28.8%,
P
= .001). In addition to improved GRFS, patients randomly assigned to the PTCy arm reported lower symptom burden during the first year after transplant.
Association Between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Sarcopenia in US Adults From NHANES 2011-2018
Authors: Wang Pangbo , Huang Jing , Fang Hongwei , Jia Yong , Xu Liwei , Zhao Jun , Hu Rong
Published: January 2025

Context

Phthalates, widely used as chemical additives, are often found as mixtures in the environment. However, the combined impact of phthalate exposure on sarcopenia remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between phthalates and sarcopenia in adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from 3536 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018.

Multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCSs), weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were employed to assess the individual, nonlinear, and combined associations between phthalate metabolites and sarcopenia. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to elucidate sex- and age-specific differences.

Results

Multivariable logistic regression revealed that monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were positively associated with sarcopenia (P < .05) after adjusting for several covariates, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, physical activity, protein intake, and energy intake. MBP exhibited a nonlinear relationship with sarcopenia in the RCS model. Furthermore, mixed phthalate metabolites were associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in the WQS and qgcomp models. The BKMR model indicated an increasing trend in sarcopenia risk. Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations among individuals aged 20-40 years. BKMR analyses also revealed potential interaction effects between mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, MBP, and MEP on sarcopenia risk.

Conclusion

This study provides new evidence that co-exposure to phthalates might increase the risk of sarcopenia. Further research is needed to explore the causal relationship between phthalate metabolites and sarcopenia, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.
Prostatic Escherichia coli infection drives CCR2-dependent recruitment of fibrocytes and collagen production
Authors: Scharpf Brandon R. , Ruetten Hannah , Sandhu Jaskiran , Wegner Kyle A. , Chandrashekar Sneha , Fox Olivia , Turco Anne E. , Cole Clara , Arendt Lisa M. , Strand Douglas W. , Vezina Chad M.
Published: January 2025

Prostate fibrosis contributes to lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). To develop targeted treatments for prostate fibrosis, it is necessary to identify the cell types and molecular pathways required for collagen production. We used a genetic approach to label and track potential collagen-producing cell lineages in mouse prostate through a round of Escherichia coli UTI89-mediated prostate inflammation. E. coli increased collagen density and production in Gli1+, S100a4+, Lyz2+ and Cd2+ cell lineages, but not in Myh11+ or Srd5a2+ cell lineages, in the mouse prostate. Molecular phenotyping revealed GLI1+LYZ+S100A4+ cells (fibrocytes) in histologically inflamed human prostate. These fibrocytes colocalized with regions of increased collagen in men with LUTD. Fibrocyte recruitment and collagen synthesis was impaired in Ccr2 null mice but restored by allotransplantation of Rosa-GFP donor bone marrow-derived cells. These results suggest that bone marrow-derived fibrocytes are a mediator of prostatic collagen accumulation.