bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Mahbuba , Jobayer Mohammad , Rashed Asif , Begam Mahfuja , Shamsuzzaman SM
Published: August 2023

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are significant health concern for mortality and morbidity in many developing countries. Proper identification of causative pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility testing is needed to select appropriate antibiotic therapy for management of the patient suffering from RTI. The study was aimed to determine the spectrum of bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infections with their antibiogram in Dhaka Medical College hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: This observational study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 in DMCH. Respiratory tract specimens (sputum, tracheal aspirate and throat swab) sent to the Microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity test were included in this study. Data regarding information of the patients, isolated organisms and sensitivity reports were collected from the records of the Microbiology laboratory.
Results: Out of 580 processed specimens, 64.66% yielded significant growth of organisms of which 88.80% were gram negative and 11.20% were gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas spp was the most commonly (31.47%) isolated organism followed by Klebsiella spp (23.47%), Escherichia coli (15.20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.53%). Gram negative bacteria were mostly resistant to amoxicillin followed by fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, cephalosporins whereas colistin, carbapenems and piperacillin/tazobactum were the most sensitive antibiotics against them. Among gram negative bacteria, 31.23% were extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms and Klebsiella spp were the most commonly isolated ESBL producers. Majority of gram positive bacteria were resistant to fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole but all Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid followed by teicoplanin (84%) and 37.5% of them were Methicillin resistant (MRSA).
Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria were predominant where Pseudomonas spp and Klebsiella spp were most commonly isolated organisms. Most of the bacteria showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics and this antimicrobial resistance is a matter of concern for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 15-21
Predictors of Duration and Demand of Oxygen Therapy in Hospitalized RT-PCR Positive COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kahnom Mehrunnissa , Uddin Rabiul Alam Md Erfan , Ghose Aniruddha , Zahed A S M , Islam Mohammad Kamrul , Karim Razaul , Karim A T M Rezaul , Ara Shamim , Ahmad Rizwan , Chowdhury Md Akhtarul Islam , Hossain Md Amir
Published: August 2023

Background: Among many unexplored and challenging areas of COVID-19, pathophysiology of hypoxia and its management requires special attention for the physicians. The current study aimed to find the predictors of duration and demand of oxygen therapy in RT-PCR positive, hospitalized, COVID-19 patients.
Methods: It was a prospective, multicentered, observational study conducted at Chattagram International Medical College (Isolation Ward, CIMC), Chattogram Medical College (COVID Red Zone) and Parkview Hospital Limited (COVID-19 Ward) from January to June 2021 on hospitalised, RT-PCR positive cases of COVID-19 patients of 18 yrs or above who required supplemental oxygen therapy and gave informed consent to be included in the study. All the participants underwent chest HRCT on initial presentation.
Results: In this study, 85 consecutive patients of confirmed COVID-19 were recruited under the study. Patients required oxygen for a median duration of 6 days and median value of the maximum oxygen requirement was 7 L/min with a range between 1-100 l/min. In patients with no co-morbidity, one co-morbidity and more than one comorbidity, the median duration of oxygen therapy were 4.5 (3.0-7.8) hours and 7.0 (5.0-14.3) hours respectively. Multiple regression was run to predict maximum oxygen duration and maximum oxygen required for the patients from gender, age, smoking pattern, number of comorbidity and HRCT score; only total number of comorbidity and HRCT severity score added statistically significantly to the prediction, p < 0.05.
Conclusion: The results of the study might be helpful in triage of COVID-19 patients, planning as well as clinical decision making. 
Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2023; 49(1): 75-80
Vaccine efficacy of COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Does vaccination prevent the pandemic?
Authors: Khan Nuzhat Nuari , Begum Shahin Ara , Afeef Raheedun , Kamrujjaman Md
Published: August 2023

We adopted a commonly used epidemiologic model known as Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) by adding a compartment vaccination to locate the COVID-19 hotspot in Bangladesh. Using data from the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), we utilized the Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infectious-Recovered (SVIR) model to assess vaccine efficacy. Vaccination against COVID-19 has begun in industrialized nations and will be completed by early December 2020. Before 2023, mass vaccination for impoverished or low-income nations would be extremely difficult. Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income country, started a statewide COVID- 19 immunization effort in early February 2021. This study aimed to recognize the effectiveness of vaccination on the infected population in Bangladesh. Additionally, the study aimed to create public awareness of the importance of vaccination during a pandemic.

GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. 43.1 (2023) 045- 062
O DIREITO CONSTITUCIONAL DE VOTO DO PRESO CAUTELAR: SOBRE A NEGLIGÊNCIA DO ESTADO E OS SEUS REFLEXOS ANTIDEMOCRÁTICOS
Authors: Iasniewicz Victor Gonçalves , De Goes Junior João Maria , Manhães Miranda Pedro Fauth
Published: August 2023

A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, apesar de garantir o sufrágio universal, suspende o seu exercício para alguns cidadãos, dentre eles o condenado criminalmente. Porém, o preso cautelar permanece com o seu direito de voto – que, não obstante ser um direito constitucional, tem o seu exercício obstruído. Em 2022, por exemplo, apenas 2,70% dos presos cautelares brasileiros votaram nas eleições. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa – de cunho exploratório, via método dedutivo e fundada em revisão bibliográfica e documental – tem por objetivo analisar a obstrução do direito constitucional de voto do preso cautelar, demonstrando a negligência do Estado em efetivá-lo e os reflexos antidemocráticos sobre a política brasileira. Os resultados indicam que o baixo número de políticas públicas voltadas à população carcerária e a grande influência das organizações criminosas sobre a política pode ser relacionado à baixa pressão eleitoral exercida por estes indivíduos. Diante disso, faz-se urgente garantir a efetivação do direito ao voto de todos os seus titulares segundo o texto constitucional, democratizando a política brasileira por meio do pluralismo.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Preso cautelar. Eleições. Voto. Democracia. Sufrágio eleitoral.
 
ABSTRACT
The Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988, despite guaranteeing universal suffrage, suspends its exercise for some citizens, among them the criminally convicted. However, the precautionary prisoner remains with his right to vote – which, despite being a constitutional right, has its exercise obstructed. In 2022, for example, only 2.70% of Brazilian precautionary prisoners voted in elections. In this sense, this research – exploratory in nature, through deductive method and based on a bibliographical and documental review – aims to analyze the obstruction of the constitutional right to vote of the precautionary prisoner, demonstrating the negligence of the State in making it effective and the anti-democratic reflexes on Brazilian politics. The results indicate that the low number of public policies aimed at the prison population and the great influence of criminal organizations on politics can be related to the low electoral pressure exerted by these individuals. In view of this, it is urgent to guarantee the effectiveness of the right to vote for all its holders according to the constitutional text, democratizing Brazilian politics through pluralism.
Keywords: Precautionary prisoner. Elections. Vote. Democracy. Electoral suffrage.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP CALON GURU BK DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Jaswandi Lalu
Published: August 2023

Keberhasilan suatu proses pembelajaran dapat diketahui dari tingkat penguasaan siswa terhadap materi yang diajarkan. Diantara faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar adalah sumber daya yang termasuk didalamnya guru, sarana dan prasarana. Kemampuan dan kreatifitas guru sangat diperlukan dalam merancang dan mengimplementasikan berbagai stategi pembelajaran yang dianggap cocok dengan minat dan bakat serta sesuai dengan taraf perkembangan siswa termasuk di dalamnya memanfaatkan berbagai sumber dan media pembelajaran untuk menjamin efektifitas pembelajaran. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan serta kreatifitas guru dalam proses pembelajaran maka sangat dibutuhkan penerapan desain media pembelajaran interaktif bimbingan dan konseling untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan keterampilan mengajar calon guru bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan desain model media pembelajaran interaktif yang mampu meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan keterampilan mengajar calon guru bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan model penelitian pendidikan dan pengembangan (Educational Research and Development model). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bawha rata-rata penguasaan konsep mahasiswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran interaktif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa yang belajar tanpa media pembelajaran..
A Case Analysis on the Instructional Consulting of a Teaching Support for Faculty with Low Lecture Evaluation Ratings
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Seo Yonghee
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether mandatory instructional consulting can enhance the quality of university courses and to identify the instructional traits of professors who obtain low lecture evaluation ratings. First, as a result of quantitative analysis employing survey data, lecture evaluation scores, and expert feedback results gathered from participating instructors, the efficacy of mandatory instructional consulting in enhancing practical classes was confirmed. Next, the educational characteristics of faculty were confirmed through an analysis of lecture consulting reports, expert feedback results, and qualitative data obtained from individual interviews with participating faculty and consultants, using an open coding technique. Insufficient interaction with students appeared as a common feature in class, but it was confirmed that some of the characteristics could be sufficiently improved through lecture consulting. In addition, their generally have a sincere and passionate attitude toward their classes, and they believe that there are no major issues with their teaching.
Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451: The Future of a Society with No Books
Authors:   The Korean Society of Culture and Convergence, Kim Younghee
Published: August 2023

The primary objective of this research is to delve into the circumstances leading to the eradication of books from society, as depicted in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. It seeks to dissect the interplay between the pursuit of homogeneity, authoritarian tendencies of power groups, and mass passivity. Additionally, this study draws parallels between Bradbury’s cautionary tales of unrestrained media and technological influence and the realities of our current society. It begins with an exploration of how rapidly evolving circumstances lead individuals to estrange themselves from pursuing reading and knowledge. Subsequently, the analysis compares media addiction and technology dependence in the novel and their impact on contemporary human relationships and mental well-being. Lastly, the research examines why recognizing the importance of reading and reclaiming the value of knowledge and the human spirit remain crucial, even in an era dominated by artificial intelligence and digital advancements. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of critical thinking and interpretation, highlighting the essence of books rather than their physical form.
Flavanoid dalam Rebusan Kawa Daun (Coffea canephora) Memperbaiki Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Regenerasi Sel Beta Pankreas Tikus Diinduksi Diabetes
Authors: Ahriyasna Risya , Primal Def , Nurhamidah Nurhamidah
Published: August 2023

Penyakit diabetes melitus di dunia diperkirakan akan mencapai angka 783 juta pada tahun 2045, dan salah satu pengobatan yang bisa dilakukan adalah pemberian Kawa Daun yang mengandung flavonoid serta klorofil sebagai salah satu antioksidan untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan efektifitas rebusan kawa daun dalam penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan perbaikan sel beta pankreas pada tikus diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true experiment-pre post control group design. Penelitian inni menggunakan tikus wistar (2-3 bulan, 200 g, n= 28 ekor). Kelompok (K-) tidak diintervensi+pakan biasa, (K+) tikus DM (aloksan)+ tidak diberi kawa daun+pakan biasa, (P1) tikus DM (aloksan)+ rebusan kawa daun 3,6 mL /200 g BB/hari+pakan biasa, (P2) tikus DM (aloksan)+ rebusan kawa daun 7,2 mL/200 g BB/hari+pakan biasa. Intervensi dilakukan selama 14 hari melalui oral. Kadar glukosa darah diukur menggunakan sprektrofotometer dan kondisi sel beta pankreas dilihat melalui pemeriksaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoxilyn Eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok (K+) (p= 0,001). Penurunan kadar glukosa darah  kelompok P2(∆=139.33 mg/dl ± 38,45) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok P1(∆=109.17 mg/dl± 35,32). Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi perbaikan sel beta pada pulau Langerhans pankreas pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok (K+). Luas kerusakan pada kelompok (P2) lebih sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok (P1). Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian rebusan kawa daun dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan memperbaiki kerusakan sel beta pankreas pada hewan uji.
Self Efficacy terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Lansia
Authors: Ezalina Ezalina , Alfianur Alfianur , Dendi Dendi
Published: August 2023

Penurunan kondisi fisik dan psikis akibat proses menua menimbulkan berbagai masalah pada lansia sehingga mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis. Self efficacy yang tinggi adalah lansia yang mampu dan yakin untuk mengatasi masalah dan tantangan yang ada dan tidak mudah menyerah terhadap dirinya sendiri dalam menghadapi situasi hidup dimasa tua. Penelitian terdahulu 50,7% lansia punya self efficacy yang tinggi karena punya pengalaman yang baik dari kehidupan sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisa hubungan self efficacy dan kesejahteraan psikilogis lansia. Rancangan penelitian korelasi dengan pendekatan crossectional. Pengambilan sampel secara probability sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel 76 orang lansia yang berada di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Puskesmas Sidomulyo Kota Pekanbaru. Alat ukur menggunakan kuesioner.Untuk menguji hipotesisis hubungan variable self efficacy dan variable keejahteraan psikologis digunakan uji chisquare. Hasil penelitian didapatkan terdapat hubungan self efficacy dengan keejahteraan psikologis dengan p value 0,00 (<0,05) dengan OR 4,9 yang artinya lansia dengan self efficacy tinggi mempunyai peluang 4,9 kali untuk mendapatkan kesejahteraan psikologis yang tinggi dibandingkan lansia dengan self efficacy yang rendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperlukan tingkat psikologis yang tinggi pada lansia sehingga lansia mempunyai sikap yang positif akan dirinya dalam menjalani kehidupan di masa tua dan dapat mengkondisikan lingkungan sehingga cocok dengan kebutuhannya.
LUASI PEMBELAJARAN MATERI SENI TARI DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Ais Anggraini Puspita
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Learning motivation is an important aspect in improving student achievement. In this case, as a teacher has a major important role in fostering this motivation, one of which is through learning evaluation. The aim is to find out that the evaluation is able to significantly influence the motivation of students at MIS Hidayatul Muhajirin Palangka Raya. This study used a qualitative method based on interview results and supported by secondary data or from books and journals. The results of the research show that evaluation is able to have a significant influence because students inevitably have to learn to achieve the assessment that is planned and in accordance with what has been determined. This madrasah is facilitated by the head of the madrasah facility in the form of an LCD in class so that in learning that requires media it can be displayed directly in class so that it will affect students' learning motivation. The assessment was carried out regarding the cognitive aspects of C1-C4. In channeling student talents are also facilitated through extracurricular activities. Assisted by extracurricular coordinators equipped with audiovisual media according to needs. Each student activity related to the teaching and learning process includes the assessment of written tests or knowledge tests (cognitive) only at the end of dance learning, because there is no practice. Evaluation is carried out by adjusting the established process both from the principles and designs that have been determined. So it can be concluded that learning evaluation is a very important component in an educational institution, because it can affect students' learning motivation in learning.

Keywords:Learning Evaluation; Dance; Motivation to learn.
The Changing Nature of the Public Sphere
Authors: Henry Chris , MacKenzie Iain
Published: August 2023

Can the public sphere be conceptualised in a manner that is non-reductive and inclusive? In this article, we survey the main literature on the public sphere and demonstrate that, despite apparent diversity, the dominant approaches to its conceptualisation share the same ‘matter and form’ or hylomorphic assumptions. In challenging these assumptions, our aim is to demonstrate that it is the hylomorphic model of the public sphere that prevents non-reductive conceptualisation of its essentially changing nature. Hylomorphic models of the public sphere, we argue, will never yield this result because they perpetuate established identities over emergent differences. We conclude that progress toward non-reductive and inclusive accounts of the public sphere would be best served by foregoing hylomorphic models in favour of ontogenetic ones, when thinking about the changing nature of the public sphere.
Emtia balonlarının belirlenmesi: dow jones indeksinde bir analitik bir çalışma
Authors: KÖSE Yaşar , YILMAZ Emre
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı Amerikan Dow Jones indeksi emtia piyasasında yer alan Emtia Fiyatları kullanılarak, Amerikan emtia piyasasında spekülatif balonlarının var olup olmadığı, varsa toplam balon süreleri ve incelenen dönemde kaç kez spekülatif balon oluştuğunun belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada Amerikan Dow Jones indeksi emtia piyasasında yer alan 23 adet gerçek zamanlı Emtia fiyatları kullanılmış, 01.01.2012 tarihinden 01.08.2022 tarihine kadar 10 yıllık dönemde, aylık veriler üzerinden Phillips, Shi ve Yu (2015) tarafından literatüre kazandırılan genelleştirilmiş Dickey Fuller (GSADF) testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen zaman aralığında ve emtiaların tamamında fiyat balonu veya balonlarının çeşitli defa ve sürelerde oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Emtia piyasasında bir balonun varlığı ulusal ve uluslararası ekonomi üzerinde yıkıcı etkiler yaratabilir. GSADF testlerinin gerçek zamanlı bir kabarcık detektörü olarak kullanılabileceği göz önüne alındığında bu yaklaşımın uygulanması ve politika yapıcılar tarafından yapılan zamanla değişen nedensellik testleri, dışsal veya dış kaynaklı risklerin değerlendirilmesi ve ölçülmesi açısından önemli faydalar sağlayabilir.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA ORGANISASI
Authors: Boedhi Santoso Eko , Fiernaningsih Nilawati , Kurniawan Murtiyanto Rizky
Published: August 2023

Budaya organisasi adalah kebiasaan, norma, aturan yang dipahami dan disepakati bersama seluruh anggota organisasi. Budaya organisasi lebih kepada hal yang benar yang harus dipatuhi dan dilaksanakan dan hal buruk yang dilarang dan akan mendapat sanksi jika ada yang melanggar. Budaya organisasi sangat melekat dalam organisasi, baik dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, berkomunikasi sesama anggota dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan lain yang sifatnya turun temurun. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka budaya organisasi adalah hal penting atau memiliki peran penting dalam keseluruhan aktifitas organisasi. Dalam penelitian ini, hipotesa yang dimunculkan adalah diduga adanya pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap kinerja organisasi. Maka, untuk membuktikan hipotesa disusunlah alat analisis yang dapat mengukur dan mengetahui. Informasi diperoleh dengan metode kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada responden. Diharapkan, hasil dari penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi perusahaan sebagai objek penelitian, masyarakat luas, dan penelitian selanjutnya tentang topik yang serupa. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan dukungan untuk teori Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM).
Post-translational modifications and protein quality control of mitochondrial channels and transporters
Authors: Kadam Ashlesha , Jadiya Pooja , Tomar Dhanendra
Published: August 2023

Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism and signal transduction, which is tightly regulated by proteins, metabolites, and ion fluxes. Metabolites and ion homeostasis are mainly mediated by channels and transporters present on mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria comprise two distinct compartments, the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which have differing permeabilities to ions and metabolites. The OMM is semipermeable due to the presence of non-selective molecular pores, while the IMM is highly selective and impermeable due to the presence of specialized channels and transporters which regulate ion and metabolite fluxes. These channels and transporters are modulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, oxidative modifications, ions, and metabolites binding, glycosylation, acetylation, and others. Additionally, the mitochondrial protein quality control (MPQC) system plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient molecular flux through the mitochondrial membranes by selectively removing mistargeted or defective proteins. Inefficient functioning of the transporters and channels in mitochondria can disrupt cellular homeostasis, leading to the onset of various pathological conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial channels and transporters in terms of their functions, PTMs, and quality control mechanisms.
Morphological phenotyping after mouse whole embryo culture
Authors: Copp Andrew J. , Clark Maryam , Greene Nicholas D. E.
Published: August 2023

Morphological phenotyping of the mouse embryo is described at neurulation stages, primarily as a guide to evaluating the outcome of whole embryo cultures between embryonic days 8.5 and 9.5. During this period, neural tube closure is initiated and progresses to completion in the cranial region. Spinal closure is still underway at the end of the culture period. The focus of this article is particularly on phenotyping that can be performed at the bench, using a stereomicroscope. This involves assessment of embryonic health, through observation and scoring of yolk sac blood circulation, measurement of developmental stage by somite counting, and determination of crown-rump length as a measure of growth. Axial rotation (“turning”) can also be assessed using a simple scoring system. Neural tube closure assessment includes: 1) determining whether closure has been initiated at the Closure 1 site; 2) evaluating the complex steps of cranial neurulation including initiation at Closure sites 2 and 3, and completion of closure at the anterior and hindbrain neuropores; 3) assessment of spinal closure by measurement of posterior neuropore length. Interpretation of defects in neural tube closure requires an appreciation of, first, the stages that particular events are expected to be completed and, second, the correspondence between embryonic landmarks, for example, somite position, and the resulting adult axial levels. Detailed embryonic phenotyping, as described in this article, when combined with the versatile method of whole embryo culture, can form the basis for a wide range of experimental studies in early mouse neural development.
Nocaviogua A and B: two lipolanthines from root-nodule-associated Nocardia sp.
Authors: Chang Shanshan , Luo Yajun , He Ning , Huang Xinyue , Chen Mingxu , Yuan Lijie , Xie Yunying
Published: August 2023

Nocaviogua A (1) and B (2), two lipolanthines featuring a non-canonical avionin (Avi)-containing macrocycle and a long acyl chain, were identified from the mutualistic actinomycete Nocardia sp. XZ19_369, which was isolated from the nodules of sea buckthorn collected in Tibet. Their planar structures were elucidated via extensive analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRMS data. The absolute configurations were fully elucidated by advanced Marfey’s analysis and GIAO NMR calculations, representing the first time that the configurations of this family of lipolanthines have been determined. Nocaviogua A (1) exhibited weak cytotoxicity against human chronic uveal melanoma cells (UM92-1), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H2170), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). Our work provides valuable information on this burgeoning class of lipolanthines for further investigations.
Targeting metabolic pathways: a novel therapeutic direction for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Song Zhihui , Yan An , Guo Zehui , Zhang Yuhang , Wen Tao , Li Zhenzhen , Yang Zhihua , Chen Rui , Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease that causes multi-organ complications, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life and survival. Understanding its pathogenesis remains challenging, with current clinical treatment regimens often proving ineffective.

Methods

In this study, we established a mouse model of T2DM and employed 16s rDNA sequencing to detect changes in the species and structure of gut flora. Additionally, we used UPLC-Q-TOF-MS to identify changes in urinary metabolites of T2DM mice, analyzed differential metabolites and constructed differential metabolic pathways. Finally, we used Pearman correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between intestinal flora and differential metabolites in T2DM mice, aiming to elucidate the pathogenesis of T2DM and provide an experimental basis for its clinical treatment.

Results

Our findings revealed a reduction in both the species diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in T2DM mice, with significantly decreased levels of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and significantly increased levels of harmful bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori. Urinary metabolomics results identified 31 differential metabolites between T2DM and control mice, including Phosphatidylcholine, CDP-ethanolamine and Leukotriene A4, which may be closely associated with the glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid pathways. Pearman correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between dopamine and gonadal, estradiol and gut microbiota, may be a novel direction underlying T2DM.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study suggests that alterations in gut microbiota and urinary metabolites are characteristic features of T2DM in mice. Furthermore, a strong correlation between dopamine, estradiol and gut microbiota, may be a novel direction underlying T2DM, the aim is to provide new ideas for clinical treatment and basic research.
A case study on conflict intensity between humans and elephants at Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Amir , Røskaft Eivin
Published: August 2023

Humans’ and elephants’ conflict is considered a common phenomenon in Bangladesh due to extreme anthropogenic interferences on elephant habitats. Concurrently, the landless people were encouraged to encroach on forest land due to their financial hardship and poor and weak forest management systems. We conducted our research work through frequent field visits, site-oriented positioned research correspondents, and an adopted semistructured questionnaire. We recorded a total of 903 conflict-related cases between humans and elephants, including crop raids (N= 337), house raids (N= 200), homestead garden raids (N= 263), and accidental attacks (N= 103), across sites, during August 2018 to July 2019, in Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary (TWS). Elephant attack rates varied significantly between traditional forest dwellers (N= 179), illegal settlers (N= 370), villagers nearest forest (N= 212), Rohingya refugees (N= 53), and traditional forest different tribes (N= 89). It also varied along a space gradient, including inside forests (N= 423), buffer zones (N= 297), and outside forest villages (N= 183). The number of conflicts possessed by elephants varied discriminately and was unparalleled among different professions such as cattle ranchers (N= 104), gardeners (N= 112), paddy cultivators (N= 236), vegetable growers (N= 158), betel-leaf growers (N= 163), and forest resources collectors (N= 130). Most conflicts between humans and elephants occurred significantly during the night (N= 592), many during the morning (N= 154), evening (N= 138), and much less during midday (N= 19). The conflict intensity was also higher on the east coast (N= 552) than on the west coast (N= 351). The seasonal variation, including summer (N= 367), monsoon (N= 274), and winter (N= 262), was also significant. The elephant herd size was also an important factor triggering the conflict in TWS. We conclude that conflict intensity between humans and elephants is driven by settlers’ location, forest gradient, the profession of forest-dependent people, their household size and income level, attack time, and season.
Incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years of acute myocardial infarction in Kazakhstan: data from unified national electronic healthcare system 2014–2019
Authors: Zhakhina Gulnur , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Salustri Alessandro , Gusmanov Arnur , Sakko Yesbolat , Yerdessov Sauran , Bekbossynova Makhabbat , Abbay Anara , Sarria-Santamera Antonio , Akbilgic Oguz
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiovascular diseases contribute to premature mortality globally, resulting in substantial social and economic burdens. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study reported that in 2019 alone, heart attack and strokes accounted for the deaths of 18.6 million individuals. Ischemic heart diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), accounted for 182 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and it is leading cause of death worldwide.

Aim

The aim of this study is to present the burden of AMI in Kazakhstan and describe the outcome of hospitalized patients.

Methods

The data of 79,172 people admitted to hospital with ICD-10 diagnosis I21 between 2014 and 2019 was derived from the Unified National Electronic Health System and retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The majority of the cohort (53,285, 67%) were men, with an average age of 63 (±12) years, predominantly of Kazakh (38,057, 48%) and Russian (24,583, 31%) ethnicities. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (61,972, 78%). In males, a sharp increase in incidence is present after 40 years, while for females, the morbidity increases gradually after 55. Throughout the observation period, all-cause mortality rose from 101 to 210 people per million population (PMP). In 2019, AMI account for 169,862 DALYs in Kazakhstan, with a significant proportion (79%) attributed to years of life lost due to premature death (YLDs). Approximately half of disease burden due to AMI (80,794 DALYs) was in age group 55–69 years. Although incidence is higher for men, they have better survival rates than women. In terms of revascularization procedures, coronary artery bypass grafting yielded higher survival rates compared to percutaneous coronary intervention (86.3% and 80.9% respectively) during the 5-year follow-up.

Conclusion

This research evaluated the burden and disability-adjusted life years of AMI in Kazakhstan, the largest Central Asian country. The results show that more effective disease management systems and preventive measures at earlier ages are needed.
Quantitative imaging biomarkers of coronary plaque morphology: insights from EVAPORATE
Authors: Buckler Andrew J. , Doros Gheorghe , Kinninger April , Lakshmanan Suvasini , Le Viet T. , Libby Peter , May Heidi T. , Muhlestein Joseph B. , Nelson John R. , Nicolaou Anna , Roy Sion K. , Shaikh Kashif , Shekar Chandana , Tayek John A. , Zheng Luke , Bhatt Deepak L. , Budoff Matthew J.
Published: August 2023

Aims

Residual cardiovascular risk persists despite statin therapy. In REDUCE-IT, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced total events, but the mechanisms of benefit are not fully understood. EVAPORATE evaluated the effects of IPE on plaque characteristics by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Given the conclusion that the IPE-treated patients demonstrate that plaque burden decreases has already been published in the primary study analysis, we aimed to demonstrate whether the use of an analytic technique defined and validated in histological terms could extend the primary study in terms of whether such changes could be reliably seen in less time on drug, at the individual (rather than only at the cohort) level, or both, as neither of these were established by the primary study result.

Methods and Results

EVAPORATE randomized the patients to IPE 4 g/day or placebo. Plaque morphology, including lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), fibrous cap thickness, and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), was assessed using the ElucidVivo® (Elucid Bioimaging Inc.) on CCTA. The changes in plaque morphology between the treatment groups were analyzed. A neural network to predict treatment assignment was used to infer patient representation that encodes significant morphological changes. Fifty-five patients completed the 18-month visit in EVAPORATE with interpretable images at each of the three time points. The decrease of LRNC between the patients on IPE vs. placebo at 9 months (reduction of 2 mm3 vs. an increase of 41 mm3, p = 0.008), widening at 18 months (6 mm3 vs. 58 mm3 increase, p = 0.015) were observed. While not statistically significant on a univariable basis, reductions in wall thickness and increases in cap thickness motivated multivariable modeling on an individual patient basis. The per-patient response assessment was possible using a multivariable model of lipid-rich phenotype at the 9-month follow-up, p < 0.01 (sustained at 18 months), generalizing well to a validation cohort.

Conclusion

Plaques in the IPE-treated patients acquired more characteristics of stability. Reliable assessment using histologically validated analysis of individual response is possible at 9 months, with sustained stabilization at 18 months, providing a quantitative basis to elucidate drug mechanism and assess individual patient response.
Complications of exercise and pharmacologic stress echocardiography
Authors: Lee Christopher , Dow Sam , Shah Kajal , Henkin Stanislav , Taub Cynthia
Published: August 2023

Stress echocardiography is a diagnostic cardiovascular exam that is commonly utilized for multiple indications, including but not limited to the assessment of obstructive coronary artery disease, valvular disease, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and diastolic function. Stress echocardiography can be performed via both exercise and pharmacologic modalities. Exercise stress is performed with either treadmill or bicycle-based exercise. Pharmacologic stress is performed via either dobutamine or vasodilator-mediated (i.e., dipyridamole, adenosine) stress testing. Each of these modalities is associated with a low overall prevalence of major, life-threatening adverse outcomes, though adverse events are most common with dobutamine stress echocardiography. In light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of infectious complications to both the patient and stress personnel cannot be negated; however, when certain precautions are taken, the risk of infectious complications appears minimal. In this article, we review each of the stress echocardiographic modalities, examine major potential adverse outcomes and contraindications, assess the risks of stress testing in the setting of a global pandemic, and examine the utilization and safety of stress testing in special patient populations (i.e., language barriers, pediatric patients, pregnancy).
Nanoscale identification and characterization of the shear strength of minerals and organic matter in shale
Authors: de Lacerda D. L. P. , Prioli R. , Parizek-Silva Y. M. , Vasquez G. F.
Published: August 2023

Shales are composed of minerals and organic matter, whose individual properties are essential to determining the rock’s macroscopical deformation and strength. Scanning electron microscopy combined with electron energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) has been extensively used to evaluate composition, while peak-force atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used on the determination of elastic modulus with nanometric resolution. Still, there is a need for tools to conduct an in-depth study of the minerals’ tribomechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy is a tool that can contribute to these studies, as it can simultaneously measure the tribomechanical properties and identify the phases. In this work, we propose using atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to identify the shale components and to measure the in situ tribomechanical properties from the different phases. Friction images between the atomic force microscopy tip and the surface were acquired as a function of load. Minerals and organic matter were later identified by colocalized energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping. Then, the frictional characteristics of the major shale constituents were obtained by adjusting the Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov model to the selected components. Moreover, the identification of the different phases was performed. The results show that friction at the nanometer scale was observed to be higher for organic matter than for any other shale constituent, while shear strength was observed to be higher for quartz and lower for organic matter. These characteristics were used to differentiate shale constituents. It is shown that a careful comparison of friction can be used to differentiate the sulfite pyrite, tectosilicates (quartz, andesine, and albite), phyllosilicate biotite, and organic matter. The presented methodology gives novel information on friction properties in the nanoscale that are comparable to available centimetric characterization techniques contributing to the understanding of rock strength.
Paleoseismic evidence of five magnitude 7 earthquakes on the Norcia fault system in the past 8,000 years (Central Italy)
Authors: Galli P. , Messina P. , Peronace E. , Galderisi A. , Ilardo I. , Polpetta F.
Published: August 2023

Many large-magnitude faults (6.5≤ Mw ≤7.2) of the Italian Apennines are characterized by multi-century return times, so historical sources may have missed their last earthquake or other predecessors. Hence, even in Italy, where seismic catalogs are among the most comprehensive and time-extensive worldwide, there is a need for complementary studies that might fill the lack of historical information and enhance the knowledge concerning the recurrence times of destructive earthquakes. As paleoseismology is the discipline that can do this, in this study, we present results collected in five new trenches opened along the 33-km-long Norcia fault system (central Apennines) where, in addition to the historically known 1703 earthquake (Mw 6.9), we uncovered indications of four Holocene predecessor, with a recurrence time of 1,825 ± 420 years. Considering also the paleoseismic results already published on the nearby Mt Vettore fault system (2016 earthquake of Mw 6.6), we guess that now the seismic hazard of this region could be assessed more robustly.
Evaluation of geothermal resources potential in the uplifted mountain of Guangdong province using the Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Li Yongyi , Long Xiting , Lu Jun
Published: August 2023

Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable energy with the characteristics of stability, zero carbon emissions, less land occupation, and localization. It has enormous development potential in the transition from traditional fossil energy to renewable energy, especially in Guangdong, geothermal resources are also abundant. However, the existing resource potential evaluation is relatively broad, and the uncertainty of the distribution of geothermal resources is not considered. Therefore, accurately and scientifically assessing the potential of geothermal resources is currently a research focus, Monte Carlo simulation is an ideal solution to quantitatively measure the distribution of geothermal resources through probability distributions. In this study, based on the volume method, considering the uncertainty of geothermal resource distribution parameters, Monte Carlo simulation was introduced, and the triangular distribution and uniform distribution model were used to simulate the input parameters of geothermal fields, and the potential of uplifted mountain geothermal resources in this area was evaluated. The results show that the fracture-banded reservoir geothermal resources are 5.648–5.867 × 1016 kJ (mean 5.743 × 1016 kJ), the karst-layered reservoir geothermal resources are 5.089–5.536 × 1015 kJ (mean 5.328 × 1015 kJ), finally the uplifted mountain geothermal resources potential of Guangdong are 6.176–6.399 × 1016 kJ (mean 6.275 × 1016 kJ). It quantitatively shows that the existing uplifted mountainous geothermal resources potential in Guangdong Province is enormous, the total amount of uplifted mountainous geothermal resources is equal to 2.11–2.18 × 105 Ten thousand tons of standard coal (mean 2.14 × 105 Ten thousand tons of standard coal).
Clinical efficacy of acupuncture for diminished ovarian reserve: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lin Guangyao , Liu Xiyu , Cong Chao , Chen Siru , Xu Lianwei
Published: August 2023

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) based on the existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

Nine databases from their inception to December 6th, 2022, were comprehensively searched to retrieve RCTs related to the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of DOR. The outcomes of interest were sex hormones level and antral follicle count (AFC). Risk of Bias (RoB) was adopted to assess the quality of the included trials.

Results

A total of 13 RCTs involving 787 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The review of available evidence revealed acupuncture produced a significant efficacy in decreasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (SMD = -1.07, 95%CI [-1.79, -0.36], p = 0.003), FSH/LH ratio (MD = -0.31, 95%CI [-0.54, -0.09], p = 0.006) and increasing anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels (SMD = 0.25, 95%CI [-0.00, 0.49], p = 0.05), along with AFC (MD = 1.87, 95%CI [0.96, 2.79], p < 0.0001) compared to controls. Compared with electro-acupuncture treatment, manual acupuncture was superior in reducing FSH levels, FSH/LH ratio, and increasing AMH levels and AFC (p < 0.05). A notable association was also seen when acupuncture was combined with traditional Chinese medicine therapy for improving FSH levels, FSH/LH ratio, and AFC (p < 0.05). Besides, a high dose of acupuncture (≥10 acupoints) was more conducive to ameliorating FSH levels, FSH/LH ratio, and AFC (p < 0.05) than a low dose of acupuncture (<10 acupoints). Substantial heterogeneity existed among studies.

Conclusion

Acupuncture may have significant clinical potential for patients with DOR in terms of improving sex hormones level and increasing AFC, although the evidence is drawn with high heterogeneity. This finding suggests that more rigorous trials conducted in diverse regions worldwide are necessary to identify the efficacy of acupuncture for patients diagnosed with DOR.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier CRD42023402336.
Correlation of hemoglobin levels with diabetic retinopathy in US adults aged ≥40 years: the NHANES 2005–2008
Authors: Li Xiao , Chen Meirong
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the connection between hemoglobin levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods

Cross-sectional research used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between DR and hemoglobin levels. Additionally, generalized additivity models and smoothed curve fitting were carried out.

Results

After adjusting for several covariates, there was a negative association between hemoglobin levels and DR in the study, which included 837 participants. The negative association between hemoglobin levels and DR was present in men and women, the obese (BMI > 30), and 60- to 69-year-olds in subgroup analyses stratified by sex, BMI, and age. The association between hemoglobin levels and DR in the normal weight group (BMI < 25) displayed an inverted U-shaped curve with an inflection point of 13.7 (g/dL).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our research reveals that high hemoglobin levels are related to a decreased risk of DR. Ascertaining the hemoglobin levels ought to be regarded as an integral facet of the monitoring regimen for patients with diabetic complications and that the risk of DR is reduced through the detection and management of hemoglobin levels.