bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assimilation and Evaluation of the COSMIC–2 and Sounding Data in Tropospheric Atmospheric Refractivity Forecasting across the Yellow Sea through an Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave Coupled Model
Authors: Wu Sheng , Song Jiayu , Zou Jing , Tian Xiangjun , Qiu Zhijin , Wang Bo , Hu Tong , Li Zhiqian , Zhang Zhiyang
Published: November 2023

In this study, a forecasting model was developed based on the COAWST and atmospheric 3D EnVar module to investigate the effects of assimilation of the sounding and COSMIC–2 data on the forecasting of the revised atmospheric refraction. Three groups of 72 h forecasting tests, with assimilation of different data obtained for a period of one month, were constructed over the Yellow Sea. The results revealed that the bias of the revised atmospheric refraction was the lowest if both the sounding and COSMIC–2 data were assimilated. As a result of the assimilation of the hybrid data, the mean bias reduced by 6.09–6.28% within an altitude of 10 km, and the greatest reduction occurred below the altitude of 3000 m. In contrast, the test that assimilated only the sounding data led to an increase in bias at several levels. This increased bias was corrected after the introduction of the COSMIC–2 data, with the mean correction of 1.6 M within the middle and lower troposphere. During the typhoon period, the improvements in the assimilation were more significant than usual. The improved forecasts of the revised atmospheric refraction were mainly due to the moisture changes within the middle and lower troposphere, while the changes in the upper troposphere were influenced by multiple factors.
Biomaterials for Alveolar Ridge Preservation as a Preoperative Procedure for Implant Treatment: History and Current Evidence
Authors: Sano Tetsuya , Kuraji Ryutaro , Miyashita Yukihiro , Yano Kosei , Kawanabe Dai , Numabe Yukihiro
Published: November 2023

In implant treatment, the reduction and structural changes in the alveolar ridge that occur after tooth extraction limit the length, width, and placement position of the implant body, impair esthetics, and, in some cases, make implant placement difficult. To solve these problems, an alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) technique, which is performed simultaneously with tooth extraction, generally aims to promote bone regeneration and prevent alveolar ridge reduction by filling the extraction socket with bone graft material and then covering it with a barrier membrane to protect against the invasion of epithelial tissue. The extraction socket provides a favorable environment for bone regeneration throughout the healing period because the blood supply is abundant, and it effectively retains the bone graft material by using the remaining bone wall of the socket. In recent years, advances in bioengineering technology have led to the development of graft materials with various biological properties, but there is currently no clear consensus regarding the selection of surgical techniques and materials depending on the condition of the alveolar ridge. This review will provide a comprehensive survey of the evidence accumulated to date on ARP, present many cases according to the clinical situation, and discuss various treatment options.
Characterization of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) from Alternative, Scalable (Waste) Feedstocks
Authors: de Sousa Junior Rogerio Ramos , Cezario Fabiano Eduardo Marques , Antonino Leonardo Dalseno , dos Santos Demetrio Jackson , Lackner Maximilian
Published: November 2023

Bioplastics hold significant promise in replacing conventional plastic materials, linked to various serious issues such as fossil resource consumption, microplastic formation, non-degradability, and limited end-of-life options. Among bioplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) emerge as an intriguing class, with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) being the most utilized. The extensive application of P3HB encounters a challenge due to its high production costs, prompting the investigation of sustainable alternatives, including the utilization of waste and new production routes involving CO2 and CH4. This study provides a valuable comparison of two P3HBs synthesized through distinct routes: one via cyanobacteria (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714) for photoautotrophic production and the other via methanotrophic bacteria (Methylocystis sp. GB 25) for chemoautotrophic growth. This research evaluates the thermal and mechanical properties, including the aging effect over 21 days, demonstrating that both P3HBs are comparable, exhibiting physical properties similar to standard P3HBs. The results highlight the promising potential of P3HBs obtained through alternative routes as biomaterials, thereby contributing to the transition toward more sustainable alternatives to fossil polymers.
Changes in Competitors, Stress Tolerators, and Ruderals (CSR) Ecological Strategies after the Introduction of Shrubs and Trees in Disturbed Semiarid Steppe Grasslands in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Kim Eui-Joo , Lee Seung-Hyuk , Kim Se-Hee , Park Jae-Hoon , You Young-Han
Published: November 2023

To reveal the changes in the life history characteristics of grassland plants due to vegetation restoration, plant species and communities were analyzed for their competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) ecological strategies after the introduction of woody plants in the damaged steppe grassland and were compared with those in reference sites in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. As a result, it was found that the introduction of the woody plants (Corethrodeneron fruticosum, Caragana microphylla, Populus canadensis, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) into the damaged land greatly increased the plant species diversity and CSR eco-functional diversity as the succession progressed. The plant strategies of the temperate typical steppe (TTS) and woodland steppe (WS) in this Asian steppe are CSR and S/SR, respectively, which means that the plants are adapted to disturbances or stress. As the restoration time elapsed in the damaged lands exhibiting (R/CR) (Corispermum hyssopifolium), the ecological strategies were predicted to change in two ways: (1) →R/CSR (Cynanchum thesioides, Astragalus laxmannii, etc.) → CSR in places (TSS) (Galium verum var. asiaticum, Saussurea japonica, etc.) where only shrubs were introduced, and (2) → S/SR (Allium mongolicum, Ulmus pumila, etc.) → S/SR in sites (WS) (Ulmus pumila, Thalictrum squarrosum, etc.) where trees and shrubs were planted simultaneously. The results mean that the driving force that causes succession in the restoration of temperate grasslands is determined by the life-form (trees/shrubs) of the introduced woody plants. This means that for the restoration of these grasslands to be successful, it is necessary to introduce woody tree species at an early stage.
Functions of Representative Terpenoids and Their Biosynthesis Mechanisms in Medicinal Plants
Authors: Wang Qingjie , Zhao Xiya , Jiang Yang , Jin Biao , Wang Li
Published: November 2023

Terpenoids are the broadest and richest group of chemicals obtained from plants. These plant-derived terpenoids have been extensively utilized in various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals. Several specific terpenoids have been identified and isolated from medicinal plants, emphasizing the diversity of biosynthesis and specific functionality of terpenoids. With advances in the technology of sequencing, the genomes of certain important medicinal plants have been assembled. This has improved our knowledge of the biosynthesis and regulatory molecular functions of terpenoids with medicinal functions. In this review, we introduce several notable medicinal plants that produce distinct terpenoids (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Artemisia annua, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ginkgo biloba, and Taxus media). We summarize the specialized roles of these terpenoids in plant-environment interactions as well as their significance in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Additionally, we highlight recent findings in the fields of molecular regulation mechanisms involved in these distinct terpenoids biosynthesis, and propose future opportunities in terpenoid research, including biology seeding, and genetic engineering in medicinal plants.
Therapeutic Potential for Beta-3 Adrenoreceptor Agonists in Peripheral Arterial Disease and Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Evans Cameron J. F. , Glastras Sarah J. , Tang Owen , Figtree Gemma A.
Published: November 2023

Annually, peripheral arterial disease is estimated to cost over USD 21 billion and diabetic foot disease an estimated at USD 9–13 billion. Mirabegron is a TGA-approved beta-3 adrenoreceptor agonist, shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome by stimulating bladder smooth muscle relaxation. In this review, we discuss the potential use of beta-3 adrenoreceptor agonists as therapeutic agents repurposed for peripheral arterial disease and diabetic foot ulcers. The development of both conditions is underpinned by the upregulation of oxidative stress pathways and consequential inflammation and hypoxia. In oxidative stress, there is an imbalance of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase becomes uncoupled in disease states, producing superoxide and worsening oxidative stress. Agonist stimulation of the beta-3 adrenoreceptor recouples and activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increasing the production of nitric oxide. This reduces circulating reactive oxygen species, thus decreasing redox modification and dysregulation of cellular proteins, causing downstream smooth muscle relaxation, improved endothelial function and increased angiogenesis. These mechanisms lead to endothelial repair in peripheral arterial disease and an enhanced perfusion in hypoxic tissue, which will likely improve the healing of chronic ulcers.
BRD3 Regulates the Inflammatory and Stress Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Seifritz Tanja , Brunner Matthias , Camarillo Retamosa Eva , Maciukiewicz Malgorzata , Krošel Monika , Moser Larissa , Züllig Thomas , Tomšič Matija , Distler Oliver , Ospelt Caroline , Klein Kerstin
Published: November 2023

Background: Individual functions of members of the bromodomain (BRD) and extra-terminal (BET) protein family underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of BET inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to analyze the regulatory functions of BRD3, an understudied member of the BET protein family, in RA synovial fibroblasts (FLS). Methods: BRD3 was silenced in FLS prior to stimulation with TNF. Alternatively, FLS were treated with I-BET. Transcriptomes were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq), followed by pathway enrichment analysis. We confirmed results for selective target genes by real-time PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. Results: BRD3 regulates the expression of several cytokines and chemokines in FLS, and positively correlates with inflammatory scores in the RA synovium. In addition, RNAseq pointed to a profound role of BRD3 in regulating FLS proliferation, metabolic adaption, and response to stress, including oxidative stress, and autophagy. Conclusions: BRD3 acts as an upstream regulatory factor that integrates the response to inflammatory stimuli and stress conditions in FLS and executes many functions of BET proteins that have previously been identified using pan-BET inhibitors.
Electroencephalography-Based Effects of Acute Alcohol Intake on the Pain Matrix
Authors: Dreismickenbecker Elias , Zinn Sebastian , Romero-Richter Mara , Kohlhaas Madeline , Fricker Lukas R. , Petzel-Witt Silvana , Walter Carmen , Kreuzer Matthias , Toennes Stefan W. , Anders Malte
Published: November 2023

The effects of acute and chronic intakes of high doses of alcohol on pain perception are well known, ranging from short-term analgesic effects to long-term sensitization and polyneuropathies. The short-term analgesic effects of ethanol consumption on subjective pain perception have been well studied in the literature. Recent advances in neuroimaging allow for an insight into pain-related structures in the brain, fostering the mechanistic understanding of the processing of nociceptive input and pain. We aimed to utilize EEG, combined with standardized noxious mechanical/thermal stimulation and subjective pain testing, to research the effects of acute alcohol intake on nociceptive processing and pain perception. We recruited 12 healthy subjects in an unblinded cross-over study design and aimed at achieving a blood alcohol level of 0.1%. Our data revealed a significant reduction in subjective pain ratings to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli after alcohol ingestion. Our EEG data revealed suppressing effects on the cortical structures responsible for processing pain, the “pain matrix”. We conclude that in addition to its analgesic effects, as expressed by the reduction in subjective pain, alcohol has a further impact on the “pain matrix” and directly affects the salience to a nociceptive stimulus.
Caffeine Administration Mitigates Chronic Stress-Induced Behavioral Deficits, Neurochemical Alterations, and Glial Disruptions in Rats
Authors: Okeowo Oritoke M. , Oke Olanrewaju O. , David Gloria O. , Ijomone Omamuyovwi M.
Published: November 2023

Prolonged exposure to stress has detrimental effects on health, and the consumption of caffeine, mostly contained in energy drinks, has become a widely adopted stress coping strategy. Currently, there is limited information regarding the effects of caffeine intake on chronic stress exposure. Thus, this study investigated the effects of caffeine administration on chronic stress-induced behavioral deficits, neurochemical alterations, and glial disruptions in experimental rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): non-stress control, stress control, and caffeine groups of doses 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. The stress control and caffeine groups were subjected to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol daily for 14 days. The rats were evaluated for phenotypic and neurobehavioral assessments. Thereafter, the rat brains were processed for biochemical and immunohistochemical assays. Caffeine administration was found to ameliorate behavioral dysfunctions in rats exposed to UCMS. The UCMS-induced changes in brain levels of monoamines, cholinesterases, and some oxidative stress biomarkers were reversed by caffeine. Caffeine administration also produced mild protective effects against UCMS-induced changes in GFAP and Iba-1 expression in stress-specific brain regions. These results showed that low and moderate doses of caffeine reversed most of the stress-induced changes, suggesting its ameliorative potential against chronic stress-induced alterations.
The Influence of Personal Evaluation and Social Support on Career Expectations of College Students
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Mengru , Georgiev Georgi V.
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing career expectations, determine the influence of college students’ personal ability on personal evaluation in the process of gaining employment, and further explore the impact of personal evaluation and social support on career expectations. This study used a random sampling method to administer questionnaires to final-year undergraduates majoring in the liberal arts, science, art, and sports at two Chinese universities. Career expectations were positively correlated with satisfaction. The preferred employer for graduates is a school. In selecting a career, college students believed that exerting their talents was most important. Personal evaluations had a significant effect on self-development in career expectations. The level of social support had a significant effect on prestige and welfare stability in career expectations.
Parametric Assessment to Evaluate and Compare the Carbon Footprint of Diverse Manufacturing Processes for Building Complex Surfaces
Authors: Speroni Alberto , Cavaglià Matteo , Mainini Andrea Giovanni , Casarini Valentina , Bovi Simona , Blanco Cadena Juan Diego , Pittau Francesco , Poli Tiziana
Published: November 2023

At present, building design is faced with a need to properly manage complex geometries and surfaces. This fact is not only driven by the increased demand for visually stunning spaces but also stems from the rise of new design paradigms, such as “user-centred design”, that include bespoke optimization approaches. Nevertheless, the escalating adoption of customized components and one-off solutions raises valid concerns regarding the optimal use of energy and resources in this production paradigm. This study focuses on the Life Cycle Assessment of a novel Cement–Textile Composite (CTC) patented material. It combines a synthetic reinforcing textile with a customized concrete matrix, to generate rigid elements that are able to statically preserve complex spatial arrangements, particularly double-curvature surfaces. Moreover, the CTC offers a low-volume cost-effective alternative for custom-made cladding applications. The study performed a comparative carbon footprint assessment of the CTC production process in contrast to other technologies, such as CNC milling and 3D printing. To facilitate meaningful comparisons among diverse construction alternatives and to derive generalized data capable of characterizing their overall capacity, independent of specific production configurations, the present study implemented a generalized parametric shape of reference defined as a bounding box (BBOX), which encloses the volume of the target shape. Comparing different production technologies of the same shape with the same BBOX results in a significant carbon saving, up to 9/10th of the carbon footprint, when the CTC technology is adopted. The study therefore highlights the potential environmental advantages of CTC in the fields of architectural design and building engineering.
Nighttime Lights and Urban Expansion: Illuminating the Correlation between Built-Up Areas of Lagos City and Changes in Climate Parameters
Authors: Gilbert Katabarwa Murenzi , Shi Yishao
Published: November 2023

The rapid urbanization of Lagos City has resulted in an expansion of urban and nighttime lights, which, in turn, places a significant burden on natural resources. This burden exacerbates the adverse impacts of changes in climate parameters, underscoring the need for measures to mitigate its effects. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between economic development, population growth, urban expansion, and climate change in Lagos City over two decades. GIS and remote sensing methods were used to process nighttime light, Landsat images, changes in climate parameters, and NDVI data to measure Lagos’ sustainability level. The results show that: (1) between 2000 and 2020, nighttime light coverage grew from 175.53 km2 to 631.16 km2. Lagos’ GDP grew by 88.9%, while the population increased from 13.4 million in 2000 to 26 million in 2019. (2) The built-up areas significantly increased from 13.0% in 2000 to 33.6% in 2020, while vegetation land declined, decreasing from 63.7% in 2000 to 46.4% in 2020. (3) Furthermore, Lagos City has experienced changes in climate parameters, with a decrease in annual rainfall from 2954.81 mm in 2000 to 1348.81 mm in 2020 and an increase in the average maximum temperature from 31.56 °C in 2000 to 31.79 °C in 2020. However, the rapid growth of cities has brought about significant environmental impacts. A strong relationship exists between horizontal urban development and nighttime light, indicating that urban areas encroach on natural landscapes as Lagos grows. Then, there is a relationship between urban development and vegetation and between temperature and vegetation. A compact city planning approach, which prioritizes vertical development and efficient land use to mitigate urban sprawl and preserve green spaces, is recommended.
Comprehensive Profiling and Therapeutic Insights into Differentially Expressed Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Caputo Wesley Ladeira , de Souza Milena Cremer , Basso Caroline Rodrigues , Pedrosa Valber de Albuquerque , Seiva Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira
Published: November 2023

Background: Drug repurposing is a strategy that complements the conventional approach of developing new drugs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent type of liver cancer, necessitating an in-depth understanding of the underlying molecular alterations for improved treatment. Methods: We searched for a vast array of microarray experiments in addition to RNA-seq data. Through rigorous filtering processes, we have identified highly representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and non-tumor liver tissues and identified a distinct class of possible new candidate drugs. Results: Functional enrichment analysis revealed distinct biological processes associated with metal ions, including zinc, cadmium, and copper, potentially implicating chronic metal ion exposure in tumorigenesis. Conversely, up-regulated genes are associated with mitotic events and kinase activities, aligning with the relevance of kinases in HCC. To unravel the regulatory networks governing these DEGs, we employed topological analysis methods, identifying 25 hub genes and their regulatory transcription factors. In the pursuit of potential therapeutic options, we explored drug repurposing strategies based on computational approaches, analyzing their potential to reverse the expression patterns of key genes, including AURKA, CCNB1, CDK1, RRM2, and TOP2A. Potential therapeutic chemicals are alvocidib, AT-7519, kenpaullone, PHA-793887, JNJ-7706621, danusertibe, doxorubicin and analogues, mitoxantrone, podofilox, teniposide, and amonafide. Conclusion: This multi-omic study offers a comprehensive view of DEGs in HCC, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and drug repurposing opportunities.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell and Oncolytic Viral Therapies for Gastric Cancer and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Gastric Origin: Path to Improving Combination Strategies
Authors: Chen Courtney , Jung Audrey , Yang Annie , Monroy Isabel , Zhang Zhifang , Chaurasiya Shyambabu , Deshpande Supriya , Priceman Saul , Fong Yuman , Park Anthony K. , Woo Yanghee
Published: November 2023

Precision immune oncology capitalizes on identifying and targeting tumor-specific antigens to enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve the treatment outcomes of solid tumors. Gastric cancer (GC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease where monoclonal antibodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) combined with systemic chemotherapy have improved survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic GC. However, intratumoral molecular heterogeneity, variable molecular target expression, and loss of target expression have limited antibody use and the durability of response. Often immunogenically “cold” and diffusely spread throughout the peritoneum, GC peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a particularly challenging, treatment-refractory entity for current systemic strategies. More adaptable immunotherapeutic approaches, such as oncolytic viruses (OVs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have emerged as promising GC and GCPC treatments that circumvent these challenges. In this study, we provide an up-to-date review of the pre-clinical and clinical efficacy of CAR T cell therapy for key primary antigen targets and provide a translational overview of the types, modifications, and mechanisms for OVs used against GC and GCPC. Finally, we present a novel, summary-based discussion on the potential synergistic interplay between OVs and CAR T cells to treat GCPC.
Breast Cancer Treatment: To tARget or Not? That Is the Question
Authors: Stone Alexandra , Lin Kevin M. , Ghelani Ghanshyam H. , Patel Sanik , Benjamin Sam , Graziano Stephen , Kotula Leszek
Published: November 2023

To assess AR’s role in TNBC treatment, various existing and completed clinical trials targeting AR or co-targeting AR with other pertinent signaling molecules were analyzed. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6), cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17 lyase), and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were some of the most prevalent biomarkers used in combination therapy with AR inhibitors in these trials. Studying how AR functions in tandem with these molecules can have increasing breakthroughs in the treatment options for TNBC. Previous studies have been largely unsuccessful in utilizing AR as the sole drug target for systemic targeted treatment in TNBC. However, there is a lack of other commonly used drug target biomarkers in the treatment of this disease, as well. Thus, analyzing the clinical benefit rate (CBR) within clinical trials that use combination therapy can prove to be imperative to the progression of improving treatment options and prognoses.
Sarcopenia and Mediastinal Adipose Tissue as a Prognostic Marker for Short- and Long-Term Outcomes after Primary Surgical Treatment for Lung Cancer
Authors: Ponholzer Florian , Groemer Georg , Ng Caecilia , Maier Herbert , Lucciarini Paolo , Kocher Florian , Öfner Dietmar , Gassner Eva , Schneeberger Stefan , Augustin Florian
Published: November 2023

Surgical resection remains the gold standard of treatment for early-stage lung cancer. Several risk models exist to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality. Psoas muscle sarcopenia has already successfully been used for morbidity prediction in lung transplantation and is not yet included in the available risk scores for pulmonary resections. We hypothesized that the skeletal muscle index and mediastinal adipose tissue might also have an impact on postoperative outcomes after primary surgery for primary lung cancer. The institutional database was queried for patients with primary lung cancer who were treated with primary lobectomy or segmentectomy between February 2009 and November 2018. In total, 311 patients were included for analysis. Patients receiving neo-/adjuvant chemotherapy or with a positive nodal status were excluded to rule out any morbidity or mortality due to (neo-)adjuvant treatment. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index of <34.4 cm2/m2 for women and <45.4 cm2/m2 for men. Mediastinal adipose tissue was defined with a radiodensity of −150 to −30 Hounsfield units. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 78 (25.1%) of the 311 patients. Male patients were significantly more likely to suffer from sarcopenia (31.5% vs. 18.1%, p = 0.009). Comorbidities, lung function, tumour histology, pathologic tumour staging, mediastinal adipose tissue and age did not differ between groups with or without sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients had a significantly longer length of stay, with 13.0 days vs. 9.5 (p = 0.003), and a higher rate of any postoperative complications (59.0% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.036). There was no difference in recurrence rate. Five-year overall survival was significantly better in the patient cohort without sarcopenia (75.6% vs. 64.5%, p = 0.044). Mediastinal adipose tissue showed no significant impact on length of stay, postoperative complications, recurrence rate, morbidity or survival. Sarcopenia, quantified with the skeletal muscle index, is shown to be a risk factor for postoperative morbidity and reduced survival in primary lung cancer. Efforts should be taken to pre-emptively screen for sarcopenia and start countermeasures (e.g., physical prehabilitation, protein-rich nutrition, etc.) during the preoperative workup phase.
Correction: Méndez-Blanco et al. Stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and BNIP3 Promoter Methylation Contribute to Acquired Sorafenib Resistance in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells. Cancers 2019, 11, 1984
Authors: Méndez-Blanco Carolina , Fondevila Flavia , Fernández-Palanca Paula , García-Palomo Andrés , van Pelt Jos , Verslype Chris , González-Gallego Javier , Mauriz José L.
Published: November 2023

In the original publication [...]
Double Hydroxyl Salt as Smart Biocompatible pH-Responsive Carrier for 6-Mercaptopurine
Authors: Sandomierski Mariusz , Jakubowski Marcel , Ratajczak Maria , Patalas Adam , Gaweł-Bęben Katarzyna , Lechwar Paulina , Voelkel Adam
Published: November 2023

Hydroxy double salts are layered materials that are considered to be biocompatible. For this reason, research has been initiated on the possibility of their use in drug delivery. Despite their use for several types of drugs, their potential for controlled release of mercaptopurine (MERC) has not been studied. In this work, the synthesized hydroxy double salt (HDS) material was used as a carrier for this drug for the first time. The effectiveness of HDS synthesis has been proven by such techniques as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on the FT-IR and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results, the effectiveness of drug sorption was proven. The exact amount of drug retained was determined by the UV-Vis technique. The obtained results indicate that the drug is evenly distributed on the surface of the carrier, which is important during the controlled delivery of drugs. In the most important stage of the research, the effectiveness of drug release in response to changes in the pH of the environment was proven. The drug is not released into an environment that mimics healthy human tissues. It is released only after contact with the acidic environment that usually surrounds cancer cells. The low cellular toxicity of HDS and significant cytotoxic effect of HDS-MERC were confirmed by in vitro studies on MCF-7 human breast and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines and non-cancerous keratinocytes HaCaT. Interestingly, coupling with the HDS carrier increased the cytotoxic effect of MERC towards DU145 cells. Such an “intelligent” drug carrier for mercaptopurine has not been previously described in the literature. The obtained results indicate its great potential.
From Natural History to Contemporary Management of Aortic Diseases: A State-of-the-Art Review of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Paulenka Yuliya , Lee Christopher , Tawayha Mays , Dow Sam , Shah Kajal , Henkin Stanislav , Mosleh Wassim
Published: November 2023

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are commonly seen in cardiovascular practice. Acquired and genetic conditions contribute to TAA formation. The natural history of genetically mediated TAA underscores the importance of early detection, regular monitoring, and prompt treatment to prevent complications, including dissection or rupture. The prognosis is poor in the event of acute dissection, with high rates of in-hospital mortality. Healthcare providers need to remain vigilant in their efforts to identify and surveil TAA to reduce the risk of complications. In this manuscript, we review the natural history of TAA, discuss the most common causes leading to the development of TAA, assess the value and limitations of diagnostic modalities, and review the management and long-term surveillance of patients with aortic disease.
Synergistic Catalytic Effects of Alloys of Noble Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Two Different Supports: Crystalline Zeolite Sn-Beta and Carbon Nanotubes for Glycerol Conversion to Methyl Lactate
Authors: Asgar Pour Zahra , Abduljawad Marwan M. , Alassmy Yasser A. , Alnafisah Mohammed S. , El Hariri El Nokab Mustapha , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , Sebakhy Khaled O.
Published: November 2023

Two multifunctional catalytic systems comprising Sn-based/doped crystalline zeolite Beta were synthesized, and they were employed as heterogeneous catalysts in the selective conversion of glycerol to methyl lactate. The first catalytic system, named Au-Pd-Sn-deAl-7.2-Beta-DP, was created through the post-synthesis dealumination of the parent zeolite Beta (Si/Al = 10) using 7.2 M HNO3. Subsequently, it was grafted with 27 mmol of SnCl4, resulting in Sn-deAl-7.2-Beta. Following this, Au and Pd nanoparticles were supported on this catalyst using the deposition–precipitation (DP) method. The second catalytic system was a physical mixture of Au and Pd nanoparticles supported on functionalized carbon nanotubes (Au-Pd-F-CNTs) and Sn-containing zeolite Beta (Sn-deAl-7.2-Beta). Both catalytic systems were employed in glycerol partial oxidation to methyl lactate under the following conditions: 140 °C for 4.5 h under an air pressure of 30 bar. The Au-Pd-Sn-deAl-7.2-Beta-DP catalytic system demonstrated 34% conversion of glycerol with a 76% selectivity for methyl lactate. In contrast, the physical mixture of Au-Pd-F-CNTs and Sn-deAl-7.2-Beta exhibited higher activity, achieving 58% glycerol conversion and a nearly identical selectivity for methyl lactate (77%). The catalytic results and catalyst structure were further analyzed using various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis spectroscopy, and pyridine Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). These analyses emphasized the significance of adjusting the quantity of active sites, particle size, and active sites proximity under the chosen reaction conditions.
Development of a Polymeric Pharmacological Nanocarrier System as a Potential Therapy for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7
Authors: Borbolla-Jiménez Fabiola V. , García-Aguirre Ian A. , Del Prado-Audelo María Luisa , Hernández-Hernández Oscar , Cisneros Bulmaro , Leyva-Gómez Gerardo , Magaña Jonathan J.
Published: November 2023

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an autosomal-dominant inherited disease characterized by progressive ataxia and retinal degeneration. SCA7 belongs to a group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the disease-causing gene, resulting in aberrant polyglutamine (polyQ) protein synthesis. PolyQ ataxin-7 is prone to aggregate in intracellular inclusions, perturbing cellular processes leading to neuronal death in specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there is no treatment for SCA7; however, a promising approach successfully applied to other polyQ diseases involves the clearance of polyQ protein aggregates through pharmacological activation of autophagy. Nonetheless, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses a challenge for delivering drugs to the CNS, limiting treatment effectiveness. This study aimed to develop a polymeric nanocarrier system to deliver therapeutic agents across the BBB into the CNS. We prepared poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with Poloxamer188 and loaded with rapamycin to enable NPs to activate autophagy. We demonstrated that these rapamycin-loaded NPs were successfully taken up by neuronal and glial cells, demonstrating high biocompatibility without adverse effects. Remarkably, rapamycin-loaded NPs effectively cleared mutant ataxin-7 aggregates in a SCA7 glial cell model, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic approach to fight SCA7 and other polyQ diseases.
The Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy in Mustard Keratopathy: Discovering New Roads to Combat Cellular Senescence
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Mirzaei Arash , Cheraqpour Kasra , Baharnoori Seyed Mahbod , Arabpour Zohreh , Ashraf Mohammad Javad , Ghassemi Mahmood , Djalilian Ali R.
Published: November 2023

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are considered a valuable option to treat ocular surface disorders such as mustard keratopathy (MK). MK often leads to vision impairment due to corneal opacification and neovascularization and cellular senescence seems to have a role in its pathophysiology. Herein, we utilized intrastromal MSC injections to treat MK. Thirty-two mice were divided into four groups based on the exposure to 20 mM or 40 mM concentrations of mustard and receiving the treatment or not. Mice were clinically and histopathologically examined. Histopathological evaluations were completed after the euthanasia of mice after four months and included hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), CK12, and beta-galactosidase (β-gal) staining. The treatment group demonstrated reduced opacity compared to the control group. While corneal neovascularization did not display significant variations between the groups, the control group did register higher numerical values. Histopathologically, reduced CK12 staining was detected in the control group. Additionally, β-gal staining areas were notably lower in the treatment group. Although the treated groups showed lower severity of fibrosis compared to the control groups, statistical difference was not significant. In conclusion, it seems that delivery of MSCs in MK has exhibited promising therapeutic results, notably in reducing corneal opacity. Furthermore, the significant reduction in the β-galactosidase staining area may point towards the promising anti-senescence potential of MSCs.
Integrative Analysis of the Role of TP53 in Human Pan-Cancer
Authors: Liu Tingting , Du Jin , Cheng Xiangshu , Wei Jianshe
Published: November 2023

Tumor protein P53 (TP53) is an important tumor suppressor gene in humans. Under normal circumstances, TP53 can help repair mutated genes, or promote the death of cells with severe gene mutations (specifically, TP53 prevents cells from arrest in the G1/S phase when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is damaged and promotes apoptosis if not repaired), and prevents normal cells from becoming malignant cells. TP53 mutations affect its tumor suppressor function, leading to the development of malignant tumors. In this study, using a public database, we explored the pan-cancer expression of TP53, its impact on patient survival and prognosis, the types of gene mutations, its correlation with immunity, and its regulation of other transcription factors and micro RNA (miRNA). The docking sites of therapeutic drugs and key amino acid sites of action provide a basis for future targeted therapies. TP53 has important biological functions in the human body. This study provides a theoretical basis for clinical TP53 gene therapy.
Sediment Transport Capacity in a Gravel-Bed River with a Sandy Tributary
Authors: Martin-Moreta Pedro , Lopez-Querol Susana , Martín-Vide Juan P.
Published: November 2023

Bedload transport in a river is a deeply analyzed problem, with many methodologies available in the literature. However, most of the existing methods were developed for reaches of rivers rather than for confluences and are suitable for a particular type of material, which makes them very inaccurate in cases where the sediments are comprised of a mix of different types of soil. This study considers the effect of two different bed sediment sizes, gravel and sand, in relation to bed load transport in a confluence. Five well-known and validated equations (namely Meyer-Peter and Müller, Parker + Engelund and Hansen, Ackers and White, and Yang) are applied to the case study of the Tagus–Alberche rivers confluence (in Talavera de la Reina, Spain), where main and tributary rivers transport different materials (sand and gravel). Field works in the area of the confluence were conducted, and a set of alluvial samples were collected and analyzed. The previously mentioned methods were employed to analyze the geomorphology in the confluence area and downstream of it under different flooding scenarios, concluding different trends in terms of deposition/erosion in the area under historic flooding scenarios. When the trends show erosion, all methods are very consistent in terms of numerical predictions. However, the results present high disparity in the estimated values when the predictions suggest deposition, with Parker + Engelund and Hansen yielding the highest volumes and Meyer-Peter and Müller the lowest (the latter being around 1% of the former). Yang and Ackers and White predict deposits in the same range in all cases (around 15% of Parker and Engelund Hansen). Yang’s formula was found to be suitable for the confluences of rivers with different materials, allowing for the estimation of sediment transport for different grain sizes. The effect of different flow regimes has been analyzed with the application of Yang’s formula to the Tagus-Alberche confluence.
Enhanced Wear Behavior of a Stainless Steel Coating Deposited on a Medium-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel Using Ultrasonic Impact Treatment
Authors: Li Li , Guo Shudong , Jia Lu , Zhang Li , Li Jiangang , Wang Xigang , Zhang Nannan , Gan Hongyan , Guo Yanhui , Zhao Suyan
Published: November 2023

This study aims to explore the effects of ultrasonic impact parameters on the surface modification of a stainless steel coating deposited on a medium-carbon low-alloy steel using argon arc surfacing welding. Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT), at three different vibration strike numbers (40,000 times/(mm2), 57,600 times/(mm2), and 75,000 times/(mm2)) marked UIT–1, UIT–2, and UIT–3, respectively, was carried out to modify the surface structure and properties of the stainless steel coating. The surface morphological and structural features, phase compositions, grain size, topography, micro-mechanical properties, as well as the wear resistance of the coating before and after UIT with different impact parameters were experimentally investigated. The results of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the grain refinement accompanied by the formation of the strain-induced α′–martensite occurred on the UIT-treated coating surface. With the increase in the vibration strike number, the surface grain size and roughness decreased, while the α′–martensite content increased. Micro-hardness after UIT was increased by about 19% (UIT–1), 39% (UIT–2), and 57% (UIT–3), and the corresponding wear rate obtained was decreased by 39%, 72%, and 85%, respectively. Significant improvements in wear resistance were achieved using UIT. However, an excessive vibration strike number on the per unit area (/mm2) might result in unwanted micro-cracks and delamination on the treated surface, deteriorating the performance of the coating. These findings validate that UIT parameters (such as the vibration strike number on per unit area) are of great importance to bringing about improvements in wear performance, and UIT is found to have a high potential in modifying the surface characteristics and optimizing the mechanical performances of the deposited coating for a wide range of potential applications.
Development of Multicomponent Nanostructured Nitride Coatings to Protect against Corrosion Products from Titanium Alloy
Authors: Vereschaka Alexey , Cherenda Nikolai , Sotova Catherine , Uglov Vladimir , Reva Olga , Basalai Anna , Isobello Alexander , Baranova Natalia
Published: November 2023

Phase-structural characteristics and the corrosion resistance of coatings ZrN, (Zr,Ti)N, (Zr,Hf)N, (Zr,Nb)N, (Ti,Zr,Hf)N and (Ti,Zr,Nb)N, which were deposited on a Ti6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate, were investigated. It was found that the titanium substrate has a crystalline structure, including grains with high (up to 24 at.%) and low (less than 2 at.%) vanadium content. Thus, during the deposition process, the coating can form adhesive bonds with local areas of the substrate that have quite different compositions. The diffusion of the coating elements into the substrate takes place up to a depth of 200 nm. The diffusion of titanium alloy elements (primarily titanium and vanadium) into the adhesive sublayer of the coating to a depth of 100 nm is also observed. Corrosion studies were carried out in 1M solutions with acidic (H2SO4), alkaline (NaOH) and neutral (NaCl) media at a constant temperature of 50 °C. The actual change in the mass of the samples during corrosion tests is extremely small. The protective coatings under study have very high anti-corrosion characteristics and practically do not react with solutions that imitate the liquid environments of the human body.
Optical, Dielectric, and Electrical Properties of Tungsten-Based Materials with the Formula Li(2−x)NaxWO4 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1.5)
Authors: Krimi Moufida , Al-Harbi Mohammed H. , Alsulami Abdulelah H. , Karoui Karim , Khitouni Mohamed , Ben Rhaiem Abdallah
Published: November 2023

In the present study, three chemical compounds, Li2WO4, Li0.5Na1.5WO4, and Li1.5Na0.5WO4, are produced using the solid–solid method. Unlike the compound Li0.5Na1.5WO4, which crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with the space group Pmmm, both compounds Li2WO4 and Li1.5Na0.5WO4 crystallize in the monoclinic system with the space group P2/m. A morphological analysis reveals that all three compounds have a compact structure with some porosity present. An EDX analysis confirms the chemical composition of the three samples. The optical measurements provide information on the optical gaps and Urbach energies of the materials under consideration. Their dielectric characteristics are investigated in a frequency range of 100–106 Hz and at temperatures ranging from 300 to 600 K. Moreover, this research enables us to determine the ferroelectric transition as well as the type of dielectric material. In this study, an investigation of electrical conductivity was conducted for well-defined temperature and frequency values; which provided us with information about the mechanism of conduction and charge carrier transport models.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Magnesium Tourmalines in Jian Forsterite Jade Deposits from Ji’an County, Jilin Province, Northeast China
Authors: Yang Huaimou , He Mingyue , Yang Mei , Peng Bijie , Wu Shaokun , Shi Yujia
Published: November 2023

The Jian forsterite jade, so named because of its enrichment in end-member forsterite, is a new type of jade found in Ji’an County (Jilin Province, Northeast China). Tourmaline is discovered in Jian forsterite jade deposits and is characterized by magnesium enrichment. In this study, three types of magnesium tourmaline were identified from the pegmatite veins (type 1), the contact zone (type 2), and the tourmaline veins in jade (type 3). The results are shown by the main test methods, such as EPMA, Micro-XRF, and LA-ICP-MS. The substitutions of Fe2+−1Mg2+−1, (□Al3+)−1 (Na+Mg2+)−1, (□Al3+2)−1 (Ca2+R2+2)−1, etc. are inferred by the variations in the major element compositions. From type 1 to type 2 tourmaline, the content of Mg, Sr, and Sn gradually increases, the content of Fe, Zn, K, Mn, Sc, Ga, and Co gradually decreases, the content of Ca initially decreases and then increases, and the content of Na initially increases and then decreases. Type 3 tourmaline has significantly higher Si and Al than the first two types, and the content of the remaining elements lies between the above two types. We propose that tourmalines in Jian forsterite jade deposits are typically of hydrothermal origins and are mainly constrained by magnesium, which is related to the contact metasomatic metamorphism of pegmatite-related hydrothermal fluid with the Jian forsterite jade, and the chemical composition of tourmaline indicates the fluid characteristics of gradual serpentinization of Jian forsterite jade.
Coniolariella gamsii Causes Poplar Leaf Spot Disease in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Liu Chuli , Lu Hailong , Chen Hongjin , Chen Shuikang , Wang Caixia , Zhou Zhiyong , Ma Rong
Published: November 2023

Populus laurifolia is one of the most valuable tree species in the world and an important silvicultural tree species in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In July 2017, an unreported brown leaf spot disease was observed on P. laurifolia in Altay City, Xinjiang. The causal agent of this leaf spot disease was isolated, and Koch’s postulates were performed to confirm its pathogenicity. Based on a morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses, the causal organism was identified to be a fungal species, Coniolariella gamsii. The optimum mycelial growth conditions for C. gamsii are on PLPDA (Populus leaves potato dextrose agar) medium, at 28 °C, in the dark. The sporulation time when using PLPDA medium (12 days) is much less than that for PDA medium (25 days). Pathogenicity tests revealed that C. gamsii can also infect two other Populus species (P. bolleana and P. tomentosa). This is the first report of C. gamsii causing brown leaf spot disease on P. laurifolia, and the optimum culture and sporulation conditions have also been optimized for the first time. This study provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of this disease and the monitoring of the disease’s occurrence and epidemic status.