bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Political Efficacy: Educating Citizens for
a Democratic Society
Authors: Kahne Joseph , Westheimer Joel
Published: April 2008

Justin is not alone. In a recent study of high school seniors from
California, for example, only 28% agreed that “I think people in
government care about what people like me and my family need” (Kahne and Middaugh 2005). Related findings
are common. A survey by the National Association of Secretaries of
State, for example, revealed that two-thirds of all young people
agreed that “our generation has an important voice, but no one seems
to hear it.” Moreover, those youth who were least trusting were also
the least likely to vote, to believe that government can affect
their lives, or to pay attention to politics (National Association of Secretaries of State 1999).
These findings, combined with numerous other indicators that show
low and in many cases declining civic and political participation,
indicate that forms of engagement required for a participatory
democracy to thrive are in need of attention (Macedo et al.
2005). The initial research for
this essay was generously supported by a grant from the Surdna
Foundation. Subsequent research and writing was generously
supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
of Canada. We also wish to thank Melinda Fine, Barbara Leckie,
Tobi Walker, and James Youniss for helpful feedback on earlier
drafts. The authors are solely responsible for any and all
conclusions.
Democracy, Dictatorship, and the Making of Modern
Political Science: Huntington's Thesis and Pinochet's
Chile
Authors: Heine Jorge
Published: April 2008

In his 1987 presidential address to the American Political Science
Association,” One Soul at a Time: Political Science and Political
Reform,” Samuel P. Huntington (1988, 3–10)
argued at some length that “political science … is not just an
intellectual discipline (but) also a moral one,” and that “the
impetus to do good in the sense of promoting political reform is …
embedded in our profession.” Therefore, “it is impossible to have
political scientists in the absence of political participation, and
political science has only developed with the expansion of political
participation. In a society in which there is no participation—no
competition for power—political scientists would have nothing to
do.” It logically follows that “the connection between democracy has
been a close and continuing one.”
A Makeover for the Introductory Comparative Politics
Course: Revising the College Board's Advanced Placement Program®
(AP®) Course in Comparative Government and Politics
Authors: Richards David L. , Mitchell Neil J.
Published: April 2008

A college-level introductory course rarely gets the attention it
deserves. It tends to be the oldest course in one's repertoire; the
course that has the least-direct interface with one's research
activities; the one that is most easily farmed out to adjunct
faculty; and also the one that draws the largest audience, from all
corners and crevices of the campus. It is easy to fall into a
comfort zone with an introductory course, instead of thinking
self-critically about one's method and effectiveness of instruction.
Moreover, in a department setting, the introductory course is rarely
the focus of our interaction with colleagues.
Teaching Politics Using Antigone
Authors: Cowell-Meyers Kimberly
Published: April 2008

Antigone, Sophocles' 5th century take on
the Oedipus story, dramatizes war, fratricide, attempted patricide,
suicide, the loss of young love, civil disobedience, and capital
punishment. These elements make for great theatre but
Antigone is also an immensely useful tool to
engage undergraduate students from many disciplines in learning
about politics. I use Antigone as a “motivating
text” in political theory courses to engage students in the study of
politics and persuade them of the importance of this field of study
(Turner 2005).
Introduction—The EU and Its “Constitution”: Public
Opinion, Political Elites, and Their International
Context
Authors: Sbragia Alberta
Published: April 2008

The European Union is going about its regular business. It is putting
forth proposals to keep the Doha Round alive, continuing to
negotiate a major trade agreement with Mercosur in South America,
keeping peace-keeping troops in Bosnia and Herzegovina, spending
development aid in numerous poor countries, financially supporting
the Palestine Authority while giving Israel preferential access to
the EU market, investigating Microsoft's business practices, and
battling over the reach and scope of an ambitious new legislative
attempt to regulate the chemical industry. The EU Greenhouse Trading
Scheme, the largest greenhouse emissions trading scheme in the
world, is up and running. The European Central Bank is making
monetary policy decisions while the euro makes up almost 20% of
central banks' foreign currency holdings. The European Medicines
Agency (EMEA) has called for suspending the sale of the children's
vaccine Hexavac. The European Court of Justice, for its part, has
recently declared illegal a high profile Italian law designed to
prevent foreign takeover of Italian energy companies. And the
commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection is playing a leading
role in the EU's response to the threat of a pandemic of avian bird
flu.
William C. Mitchell
Authors: Kraus Richard , Medler Jerry , Orbell John , Southwell Priscilla
Published: April 2008

William C. Mitchell died January 2, 2006, at his home in Eugene,
Oregon. He had suffered from pulmonary fibrosis. He was 80. His wife
since 1959, Joyce Mitchell, died in 1996; he is survived by a
brother James W. Mitchell, of Kingsford, Michigan, and two sisters,
Jeanine Watt of Iron River, Michigan and Waverly Jarvis of Withee,
Wisconsin.
The 2005–2006 Congressional Fellows: The Three Roles of
the CFP Fellow
Authors: Ceccoli Stephen J.
Published: April 2008

On November 7, 2005, APSA Executive Director Michael Brintnall
welcomed the 2005–2006 class of APSA Congressional Fellowship
Program (CFP) Fellows. In his opening remarks to 31 Fellows,
Brintnall articulated three primary roles of the APSA congressional
Fellows. First, he noted that following the five-week intensive
orientation, APSA Fellows would become full-time Capitol Hill staff
members. In this capacity Fellows are typically expected to
demonstrate loyalty and dedication to advancing the issues of
importance of the Senator or Representative in whose office they
serve. The second role involves joining the distinguished fraternity
of approximately 2,000 others in the program's history. This role
requires current Fellows to recognize the program's rich and storied
history and to take steps to advance the interests of the program.
Third, APSA fellows are to be active learners. The CFP is an
experiential fellowship, based on the participant-observer model.
Now that the midpoint of the fellowship year is approaching, it
seems appropriate to use the remainder of this essay to briefly
reflect on these three roles. In doing so, I am reminded of the
ancient Chinese proverb—”I hear and I forget; I see and I remember;
I do and I understand.” Undoubtedly, the CFP provides a firsthand
opportunity to learn about the first branch of government by
doing.
THE FAILURE OF CONDESCENSION
Authors: Siegel Daniel
Published: April 2008

HOW DID IT COME TO THIS? How did the precious coin of the sovereign become the twaddle of misguided preachers? Where did condescension go wrong?
SONS AND LOVERS: TENNYSON'S FRATERNAL PATERNITY
Authors: Young-Zook Monica M.
Published: April 2008

TERRY EAGLETONhas suggested that “the mid-nineteenth century bourgeois state had problems in resolving its Oedipus complex” (76). Eagleton's semi-serious remark certainly holds true for nineteenth-century British culture, which, while supposedly patriarchal in its political structures, features a great number of significant literary narratives in which the paternal parent is either missing, dead, or never mentioned. The poems of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, are no exception. Gerhard Joseph, Christopher Ricks, and Linda Shires, among others, turn to Freudian psychoanalysis, the Oedipal complex, and Freud's seminal essay “Mourning and Melancholia” for insight into why so many father figures are absent from Tennyson's work. Yet neither the Oedipus complex nor “melancholia” accounts for how these father figures, while literally absent, are nevertheless present and influential. Another model is needed to describe the relationship between Tennyson, the missing paternal figures of his narratives, and the age that he has come to represent.
ARMGART'S VOICE PROBLEMS
Authors: Kehler Grace
Published: April 2008

In voices, time and accident may occasion great alteration.

—Charles Burney,The Present State of Music in France and Italy
THE CESSPOOL OF EMPIRE: SHERLOCK HOLMES AND THE RETURN OF THE REPRESSED
Authors: Siddiqi Yumna
Published: April 2008

ASTRIKING NUMBER OF CHARACTERSin Arthur Conan Doyle's detective stories who return to England after a sojourn in the colonies have an outlandish aspect. One, a contorted and bilious ex-soldier, owns a pet Indian mongoose. Another has lost a leg to a crocodile in the Ganges and has a poison-toting Andaman Islander in tow. A third keeps a fiendish hound and passes his South American wife off as his sister. A fourth returns from South Africa with a “blanched” face and a furtive manner. Many of these returned colonials are portrayed as menacing, and their presence in England precipitates a crisis, either a crime or a mysterious tragedy. In actual fact, return from the colonies to the metropole was a routine phenomenon, and returned colonials were familiar figures on the metropolitan landscape. Why does Doyle depict the phenomenon of return from Empire as so problematic if it was in fact quite commonplace?
“SHREWD WOMEN OF BUSINESS”: MADAME RACHEL, VICTORIAN CONSUMERISM, AND L. T. MEADE'STHE SORCERESS OF THE STRAND
Authors: Miller Elizabeth Carolyn
Published: April 2008

STANLEYFISH RECENTLY IDENTIFIEDthe intersection between crime and religion as a hot topic, a trend that he gauged by paying attention to a popular television show: “Law and Order…from its beginning…has had its plots follow the headlines. Only if the tension between commitment to the rule of law and commitment to one's ethnic or religious affiliation was, so to speak, in the news would a television writer put it at the heart of a story.” During the same week that Fish published this claim, a Texas woman who drowned her five children had her guilty verdict overturned when it was revealed that an expert witness for the prosecution had made false statements to the court about an episode of the very same show. Commentators on the case said the witness had confused plots fromLaw and Orderwith real-life trials. One need not be Oscar Wilde to see a meta-dramatic chiasmus at work here:Law and Orderimitates life, but life also imitatesLaw and Order. The same could be said of popular Victorian crime fiction, which was serialized in eagerly awaited autonomous episodes in a manner not unlike televised crime drama. Victorian authors, moreover, commonly sought inspiration in real-life criminal plots. LikeLaw and Order, such fictional representations both mirrored and created readers' “reality” outside the text. In this article, I will examine a previously unexplored instance of such fictional recycling and reinvention: L. T. Meade's popular detective seriesThe Sorceress of the Strand, I argue, is an overt rewriting of the strange case of “Madame Rachel,” a notorious female criminal of the 1860s. Before I make my case concerning how, why, and to what end Meade revised Madame Rachel's story, let me briefly summarize the evidence for this connection.
VICTORIANS LIVE: Introduction
Authors: Sussman Herbert
Published: April 2008

For this issue, Victorians Live takes a global perspective on the afterlife of the Victorians. Using a fine nineteenth-century phrase, Margaret Harris writes of “Victorian Vestiges” in Australia. Carole Silver describes the mix of concealment and display in South Africa's dealing with its Victorian heritage. My essay on a recent American exhibition of the work of Morris & Co. shows the influence of this representative Victorian in California, as filtered through the collection of Henry Huntington for his Library in southern California and with additions for this show by contemporary California collectors. That Morris continues to live into our time is vividly shown in the venues of his global exhibitions, in Australia in a converted nineteenth-century powerhouse, at Yale in the modernist masterpiece of the twentieth-century architect, Louis Kahn.
MAINSTREAMING DISABILITY STUDIES?
Authors: Rodas Julia Miele
Published: April 2008

AMIDST THE CAST OFAnthony Trollope'sBarchester Towers(1857) is the stunningly beautiful “Signora Madeline Vesey Neroni,” who turns the heads of readers and characters alike. “It was impossible,” the narrator informs us, “that either man or woman should do other than look at her” (ch. 10). Dark and mysterious, brilliant and alluring, Madeline Neroni entices the swains of Barchester to pay her court, then toys with them mercilessly and enjoys watching them writhe. The fact that she is both beautiful and without compunction may do little to set her apart from other Victorian villainesses, Trollope's Lizzie Eustace, for instance, Wilde's Mrs. Cheveley or, more infamously, Thackeray's Becky Sharpe, but while Lizzie, Mrs. Cheveley, and Becky ultimately meet with poetic justice, their fortunes descending as their ruthless self-interest becomes increasingly apparent, Madeline keeps herself carefully protected. Pristinely beautiful from first to last, La Signora Neroni guards her virtue and maintains an even temper, bemused both by those who hate her and by those who court her, ultimately returning with her family to their home in Italy, apparently unchanged by her experience in Barchester society. Madeline has a strange kind of integrity; she is a powerful figure, a force to be reckoned with, able to stand up with equal ease and self-assurance to the daunting Mrs. Proudie, the earnest Arabin, and the slick Mr. Slope.
INTRODUCTIONFIN-DE-SIÈCLERENAISSANCE: DIVERSITY, HISTORY, MODERNITY
Authors: Thain Marion , Vadillo Ana Parejo
Published: April 2008

Professor Goodwin has been most good to me, tells me what books to read, argues my “modernisms” of thought away as much as he can.

—A. Mary F. Robinson (1879)

The command of words and felicity of phrase are as remarkable as the decorative, yet unconventional, qualities of form and colour, so unusual a merit in the handling of motives chosen from the antique. Throughout, thetechniqueis large and modern.

—Graham R. Tomson's review of Amy Levy'sA Minor Poet(1891)

Her verse is … modern, clever.

—Review of Graham R. Tomson'sA Summer Night(1891)

… it is for us, England's living and yet unspent poets to make all things new. We are for the morning – the nineteenth century thinks it has no poets – nothing to lose – verily it has nothing: for we are not of it – we shake the dust of our feet from it, and pass on into the twentieth century.

—Michael Field,Journal(1892)

I don't know what I am or what I shall become.The Modern.

—Michael Field,Journal(1894)
ATHEIST PROPHECY: MATHILDE BLIND, CONSTANCE NADEN, AND THE VICTORIAN POETESS
Authors: LaPorte Charles
Published: April 2008

Scholars of nineteenth-century women's poetry often recount that the sentimental piety – indeed, the quasi-religiosity – of the Victorian “poetess” disappears from women's poetry in the mordant irony of thefin de siècle.Virginia Blain, for instance, has recently identified Mathilde Blind and Constance Naden as representatives of “the new breed of post-Darwinian atheists” that comes to replace an earlier, implicitly Christian feminine tradition associated with Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Blain 332). On a related note, I have recently proposed that George Eliot'sLegend of Jubalcollections (1874, 1878) present a rather late instance of this poetess tradition (LaPorte 159–61). In what follows, I would like to argue thatfin-de-siècleiconoclasts such as Blind and Naden actually work hard to reclaim and redeem some of the prominent religious elements of the mid-century poetess tradition, and that Eliot's unusual combination of sentimental piety and religious skepticism gives them a particularly useful model for doing so.
DOLLIE RADFORD AND THE ETHICAL AESTHETICS OFFIN-DE-SIÈCLEPOETRY
Authors: Livesey Ruth
Published: April 2008

I got your poems, my dear Dollie. They made me sad. They make me think of the small birds in the twilight, whistling brief little tunes, but so clear, they seem almost like little lights in the twilight, such clear vivid sounds. I do think you make fine, exquisite verse…I hear your voice so plainly in these, so like a bird too, they are, the same detachment.

—D. H. Lawrence to Dollie Radford, January 1916
“THE FAIR LIGHT MYSTERY OF IMAGES”: ALICE MEYNELL'S METAPHYSICAL TURN
Authors: Seeley Tracy
Published: April 2008

poets dare

What the wild eye of fancy sees –

Similitude – the clear, the fair

Light mystery of images

—Alice Meynell, “The Return to Nature”
VICTORIANS LIVE: Images of Empire: Art and Artifacts in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Silver Carole G.
Published: April 2008

CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA–eclectic, vibrant, and heterogeneous–still bears the marks of its past as a site of Victoria's empire. The city abounds in English Victorian artifacts: buildings, statues, fountains, streets and their names (even to Victoria Street and Rhodes Drive) are all reminders of the period, but one wonders what, if anything, they mean to the people who live with them. Some recognize them as a legacy–pleasant or unpleasant– of the days when the Cape was a British colony; to others they are symbols whose context has been forgotten, to yet others, they are simply objects devoid of extrinsic meaning. All are, however, artifacts of imperialism, in its broader sense of the social, political, economic, and cultural domination of one group over all others.
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR HATEFUL SPEECH
Authors: Simpson Evan
Published: April 2008

This essay consolidates some fragments of the contemporary theory of expressive freedoms, bringing together scattered conceptual distinctions (e.g., hurting and harming, tolerating and legitimating) and moves (e.g., the need to rectify hateful speech and to constrain harmful actions legally) into an account that is sensitive to the needs of abused groups but faithful to the libertarian tradition associated with Mill's harm principle. Accepting this principle as the fundamental condition warranting legal control of action, we explore legislative responsibilities for protecting expressive freedoms through three additional presumptions. The chief of them is an expectation of epistemic rationality that limits occasions of harm requiring legal action. A presumption of enablement over punishment shows that criminal sanctions for hateful speech are almost never appropriate. A presumption of multiple responsibilities accepts that social sanctions may be appropriate where political coercion is not.
Factors moderating neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis
Authors: BELANGER HEATHER G. , CURTISS GLENN , DEMERY JASON A. , LEBOWITZ BRIAN K. , VANDERPLOEG RODNEY D.
Published: April 2008

There continues to be debate about the long-term neuropsychological impact of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of MTBI across nine cognitive domains. The analysis was based on 39 studies involving 1463 cases of MTBI and 1191 control cases. The overall effect of MTBI on neuropsychological functioning was moderate (d= .54). However, findings were moderated by cognitive domain, time since injury, patient characteristics, and sampling methods. Acute effects (less than 3 months postinjury) of MTBI were greatest for delayed memory and fluency (d= 1.03 and .89, respectively). In unselected or prospective samples, the overall analysis revealed no residual neuropsychological impairment by 3 months postinjury (d= .04). In contrast, clinic-based samples and samples including participants in litigation were associated with greater cognitive sequelae of MTBI (d= .74 and .78, respectively at 3 months or greater). Indeed, litigation was associated with stable or worsening of cognitive functioning over time. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. (JINS, 2005,11, 215–227.)
The acquisition of face and person identity information following anterior temporal lobectomy
Authors: MORAN MARIA , SEIDENBERG MICHAEL , SABSEVITZ DAVE , SWANSON SARA , HERMANN BRUCE
Published: April 2008

Thirty unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) subjects (15 right and 15 left) and 15 controls were presented a multitrial learning task in which unfamiliar faces were paired with biographical information (occupation, city location, and a person's name). Face recognition hits were similar between groups, but the right ATL group committed more false-positive errors to face foils. Both left and right ATL groups were impaired relative to controls in acquiring biographical information, but the deficit was more pronounced for the left ATL group. Recall levels also varied for the different types of biographical information; occupation was most commonly recalled followed by city name and person name. In addition, city and person name recall was more likely when occupation was also recalled. Overall, recall of biographical information was positively correlated with clinical measures of anterograde episodic memory. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of the temporal lobe and associative learning ability in the successful acquisition of new face semantic (biographical) representations. (JINS, 2005,11, 237–248.)
Sex hormonal modulation of hemispheric asymmetries in the attentional blink
Authors: HOLLÄNDER ANTJE , HAUSMANN MARKUS , HAMM JEFF P. , CORBALLIS MICHAEL C.
Published: April 2008

The present study examines differences in functional cerebral asymmetries modulated by gonadal steroid hormones during the menstrual cycle in women. Twenty-one right-handed women with regular menstrual cycles performed a double-stream rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task, with one stream in each visual field, during the low steroid menses and the high steroid midluteal phase. They were required to detect a target item, and then a probe item, each of which could appear in either stream. If the probe item appeared 200 ms after the target, detection of the probe was impaired—a phenomenon known as the “attentional blink.” This occurred in both streams in the midluteal phase, but only in the right visual field during menses. Thus low steroid levels appeared to restrict the attentional blink to the left hemisphere, while high levels of estradiol and progesterone in the midluteal phase appeared to reduce functional asymmetries by selectively increasing the attentional blink in the right hemisphere. This effect appears to be mediated by estradiol rather than progesterone, and it is compatible with the assumption of a hormone-related suppression of right hemisphere functions during the midluteal phase. (JINS, 2005,11, 263–272.)
Memory retrieval in schizophrenia: Evidence from part-list cuing
Authors: KISSLER JOHANNA , BÄUML KARL-HEINZ
Published: April 2008

Schizophrenia patients are known to exhibit episodic verbal memory deficits. Although their neural origin is debated, they have often been compared to the memory problems found in temporal lobe amnesia or frontal lobe dysfunction. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent such deficits arise at either memory encoding or retrieval. We addressed the issue of retrieval deficits in schizophrenia in a part-list cuing experiment, testing the effect of the presentation of a subset of previously learned material on the retrieval of the remaining items. The part-list cuing procedure generally impairs retrieval but previous work showed that the detrimental effects are more pronounced in amnesic participants than in healthy people, indicating a retrieval deficit under part-list cuing conditions in amnesia. In the present study, schizophrenia patients did not exhibit increased susceptibility to part-list cuing effects and thus showed no increased retrieval inhibition from part-list cuing. Moreover, in part-list cuing, schizophrenia patients did not mirror the pattern found in amnesia, demonstrating a dissociation between amnesia and schizophrenia patients with respect to this particular memory effect. Implications for the neural basis of the part-list cuing effect and of memory disturbances in schizophrenia are discussed. (JINS, 2005,11, 273–280.)
An evaluation of persisting cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use
Authors: BARKER MELINDA J. , GREENWOOD KENNETH M. , JACKSON MARTIN , CROWE SIMON F.
Published: April 2008

Twenty participants with self-reported long-term benzodiazepine use (mean 108 months) who had previously withdrawn from medication (mean 42 months) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests. Each long-term user was case matched for age, sex, and education to two control participants who reported never taking benzodiazepines (those with and those without anxiety). The results indicated that long-term benzodiazepine use may lead to impairments in the areas of verbal memory, motor control/performance, and nonverbal memory but not visuospatial skills and attention/concentration. The length of abstinence (> 6 months) indicates that these impairments persist well beyond cessation of benzodiazepine use. However, observed impairments in the area of nonverbal memory were not solely attributable to benzodiazepine use and may be influenced by the elevated anxiety levels present in both the case and the anxious control group. (JINS, 2005,11, 281–289.)
Rey's verbal learning test: Normative data for 1855 healthy participants aged 24–81 years and the influence of age, sex, education, and mode of presentation
Authors: VAN DER ELST WIM , VAN BOXTEL MARTIN P. J. , VAN BREUKELEN GERARD J. P. , JOLLES JELLE
Published: April 2008

The Verbal Learning Test (VLT; Rey, 1958) evaluates the declarative memory. Despite its extensive use, it has been difficult to establish normative data because test administration has not been uniform. The purpose of the present study was to gather normative data for the VLT for a large number (N= 1855) of healthy participants aged 24–81 years, using a procedure in which the words to be learned were presented either verbally or visually. The results showed that VLT performance decreased in an age-dependent manner from an early age. The learning capacity of youngerversusolder adults differed quantitatively rather than qualitatively. Females and higher educated participants outperformed males and lower educated participants over the entire age range tested. Presentation mode affected VLT performance differently: auditory presentation resulted in a better recall on Trial 1 (a short-term or working memory measure), whereas visual presentation yielded a better performance on Trial 3, Trial 4, and Delta (a learning measure). (JINS, 2005,11, 290–302.)
Semantic and phonemic sequence effects in random word generation: A dissociation between Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients
Authors: TAYLOR KIRSTEN I. , SALMON DAVID P. , MONSCH ANDREAS U. , BRUGGER PETER
Published: April 2008

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients perform worse on category than letter fluency tasks, while Huntington's disease (HD) patients show the reverse pattern or comparable impairment on both tasks. We developed a random word generation task to further investigate these deficits. Twenty AD and 16 HD patients and 20 elderly and 16 middle-aged controls guessed which of three pictures (hat, cat, or dog) landed on a die's top face sixty times. Three consecutive response pairings were possible: semantic (cat–dog), phonemic (hat–cat), and neutral (hat–dog). Since healthy individuals avoid repeating meaningful associates (“repetition avoidance”), an increased pairing frequency reflects processing deficits. AD patients produced more semantic and HD patients more phonemic pairings compared to their respective control groups, indicating selective semantic and phonemic processing deficits in AD and HD patients, respectively. (JINS, 2005,11, 303–310.)
State-dependent executive deficits among psychopathic offenders
Authors: SUCHY YANA , KOSSON DAVID S.
Published: April 2008

Three hypotheses for cognitive deficits among psychopaths were tested: Response modulation, left hemisphere activation, and an interaction between the 2. Twenty-six psychopathic and 32 nonpsychopathic criminal offenders identified with the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised were randomly assigned to left- and right-hemisphere activation groups. An auditory processing task was administered, such that the ability to classify nonverbal auditory signals and the ability to manage subgoals were assessed under left- and right-hemisphere activation conditions. The results showed that psychopaths' information processing in general, including response modulation, was deleteriously affected by left-hemisphere activation, supporting 2 of the 3 hypotheses tested. These results offer an explanation for inconsistent findings of executive deficits among psychopaths. (JINS, 2005,11, 311–321.)
Neuropsychology and Neuropsychological Assessment in Portugal
Today
Authors: Willadino Braga Lucia
Published: April 2008

Avaliação Neuropsicológica, Psychologica, No.
34. Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da
Educação de Coimbra. Coimbra: Gráfica de Coimbra
Ltda., 300 pp., $12.

Psychologica journal is published every four months.
Generally written in Portuguese, its contents are organized by the
Departments of Psychology and Education at Coimbra University, Portugal.
Its aim is to divulge scientific work in psychology and education,
emphasizing the interaction between theory, research, and practice.
SEARCH UNEMPLOYMENT WITH ADVANCE NOTICE
Authors: GARIBALDI PIETRO
Published: April 2008

This paper studies the effects of employment protection legislation when job separation requires a mandatory advance notice or a firm's costly closure. In a tight labor market, firms use mandatory notice since job-to-job transitions reduce the expected firing costs. In a world without the lengthy procedure imposed by advance notice, job turnover is mainly accommodated by unemployment inflows. As notice length increases, the fraction of job turnover accounted for by job-to-job movements increases. These results are consistent with the fact that the North American and European markets, despite their difference in employment protection legislation, have different unemployment flows but similar job flows.
A NOTE ON THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE TOBIN EFFECT IN INCOMPLETE MARKETS
Authors: SAITO MAKOTO , TAKEDA YOSUKE
Published: April 2008

Taking Dutta and Kapur's study (Review of Economic Studies65, 551–572, 1998) as a case of the Tobin effect, this note investigates the extent to which the Tobin effect persists with the addition of sophisticated financial instruments in incomplete markets. On one hand, after dynamic contracts are introduced to the fullest extent, money demand as a precautionary device is crowded out completely, and there is thus no room for the Tobin effect to persist. On the other hand, the Tobin effect may be strengthened under conditions of coexistence of fiat money and dynamic insurance contracts with limited transfers thanks to relaxed incentive compatibility conditions in a moderately inflationary environment.
MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE: DIFFUSION, PRODUCTIVITY AND OPTIMAL CONTROL
Authors: LEVY AMNON , NERI FRANK , GRASS DIETER
Published: April 2008

This paper deals with macroeconomic aspects of widespread substance abuse with a reference to illicit drugs as an example. Substance abuse impedes the productivity of the labor force and reduces economic growth. Workers are either nonusers and therefore fully productive, a number of whom are employed by the government in drug-control activities, or users who are only partially productive. Efficient management of the nation's portfolio of workers involves eradicating drug use when initial user numbers are lower than a critical level, but allows user numbers to rise to, and be accommodated at, a stationary level when initial user numbers exceed a critical level.
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF ASSET PRICING MODELS: A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM PERSPECTIVE
Authors: BEAUBRUN-DIANT KEVIN E.
Published: April 2008

This paper studies asset returns adopting an alternative strategy to assess a model's goodness of fit. Based on spectral analysis, this approach considers a model as an approximation to the process generating the observed data, and characterizes the dimensions for which the model provides a good approximation and those for which it does not. Our aim is to offer new evidence regarding the size and the location of approximation errors of a set of stochastic growth models considered to be decisive steps in the progress of the asset pricing research program. Our specific objective is to reevaluate the results of Jermann's (1998) model extending the calculations to the spectral domain. Spectral results are relatively satisfactory: the benchmark model needs very few contributions of approximation errors to account for the empirical equity premium. Second, the location of the approximation errors, when they are substantial, seems to be essentially concentrated at high frequencies.
SAVINGS, INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSFERS, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
Authors: OCAMPO IGNACIO PONCE , YUKI KAZUHIRO
Published: April 2008

This paper investigates the quantitative importance of different savings motives on the distributions of wealth and consumption and aggregate capital accumulation by solving an overlapping generations model with intragenerational heterogeneity. Agents differ in age, ability, earnings shocks, and inherited bequests. In the baseline economy, there are uninsurable idiosyncratic risks associated with uncertain lifetime and earnings shocks. The model is calibrated to the U.S. economy and solved numerically. Then the allocations of the baseline economy are compared with those of an economy with complete annuity markets, one without earnings uncertainty, and one without altruism.
LOCK-IN OF EXTRAPOLATIVE EXPECTATIONS IN AN ASSET PRICING MODEL
Authors: LANSING KEVIN J.
Published: April 2008

This paper examines an agent's choice of forecast method within a standard asset pricing model. A representative agent may choose: (1) a fundamentals-based forecast that employs knowledge of the dividend process, (2) a constant forecast that is based on a simple long-run average, or (3) a time-varying forecast that extrapolates from the last observation. I show that an agent who is concerned about minimizing forecast errors may inadvertently become “locked-in” to an extrapolative forecast. In particular, the initial use of extrapolation alters the law of motion of the forecast variable so that the agent perceives no accuracy gain from switching to one of the alternative forecast methods. The model can generate excess volatility of stock prices, time-varying volatility of returns, long-horizon predictability of returns, bubbles driven by optimism about the future, and sharp downward movements in stock prices that resemble market crashes.
SOLVING LARGE-SCALE RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS MODELS
Authors: GASPAR JESS , L. JUDD KENNETH
Published: April 2008

We explore alternative approaches to numerical solutions of
large rational-expectations models. We discuss and compare several
current alternatives, focusing on the trade-offs in accuracy, space,
and speed. The models range from representative-agent models with
many goods and capital stocks, to models of heterogeneous agents with
complete or incomplete asset markets. The methods include
perturbation and projection methods. We show that these methods are
capable of analyzing moderately large models even when we use only
elementary, general-purpose numerical methods.
MARKET FRICTIONS, SAVINGS BEHAVIOR, AND PORTFOLIO CHOICE
Authors: HEATON JOHN , LUCAS DEBORAH
Published: April 2008

We examine a decision theoretic model of portfolio
choice in which investors face income risk that is not directly
insurable. We consider the sensitivity of savings and portfolio
allocation rules to different assumptions about utility, the
stochastic process for income and asset returns, and market frictions
(transactions costs and short-sale constraints). Under CRRA time
additive utility, habit persistence utility, and for a broad range of
parameterizations, the model predicts that investors wish to borrow
and invest all of their savings in stocks. This qualitative
implication is robust to the introduction of significant transaction
costs in the stock market, and contrasts sharply with portfolio
allocation models in which there is no labor income.
MAXIMIZING PREDICTABILITY IN THE STOCK AND BOND MARKETS
Authors: LO ANDREW W. , MACKINLAY A. CRAIG
Published: April 2008

We construct portfolios of stocks and bonds that are maximally
predictable with respect to a set of ex-ante observable economic
variables, and show that these levels of predictability are
statistically significant, even after controlling for data-snooping
biases. We disaggregate the sources of predictability by using
several asset groups — sector portfolios, market-capitalization
portfolios, and stock/bond/utility portfolios — and find that the
sources of maximal predictability shift considerably across asset
classes and sectors as the return horizon changes. Using three
out-of-sample measures of predictability — forecast errors, Merton's
market-timing measure, and the profitability of asset-allocation
strategies based on maximizing predictability — we show that the
predictability of the maximally predictable portfolio is genuine and
economically significant.
MARKET STRUCTURE, SECURITY PRICES, AND
INFORMATIONAL EFFICIENCY
Authors: HUANG JENNIFER , WANG JIANG
Published: April 2008

We consider an economy with an incomplete securities market and
heterogeneously informed investors. Each investor trades in the
market to hedge the risk to his endowment and to speculate on future
security payoffs using his private information. We examine the
efficiency of the securities market in allocating risk and
transmitting information under different market structures, as
defined by the set of securities traded in the market. We show that
the introduction of derivative securities can decrease the market's
efficiency in revealing information on security payoffs, and increase
the equity premium and price volatility in the market.
BEHAVIOR OF INTEREST RATES IN A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
MULTISECTOR MODEL WITH IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT
Authors: COLEMAN II WILBUR JOHN
Published: April 2008

The behavior of the real interest rate in a general equilibrium
multisector model with irreversible investment is examined. It is
shown that in such a model purely sectoral shocks can lead to
substantial variation in the real interest rate and other aggregate
time series. A source of variation in aggregate time series
that is not found in one-sector models is thus examined, and the
implications of this source of variation for the behavior of the
interest rate are highlighted. Such a model seems to better capture the
relationship among the real interest and output or investment than
the standard one-sector stochastic growth model. It is also shown
that, because of a desire to smooth consumption, with irreversible
investment a rise in uncertainty concerning the future return to
capital tends to lead to more current investment and a lower
real interest rate.
SPLINE APPROXIMATIONS TO VALUE FUNCTIONS
Authors: TRICK MICHAEL A. , ZIN STANLEY E.
Published: April 2008

We review the properties of algorithms that characterize
the solution of the Bellman equation of a stochastic dynamic program,
as the solution to a linear program. The variables in this problem
are the ordinates of the value function; hence, the number of
variables grows with the state space. For situations in which this
size becomes computationally burdensome, we suggest the use of
low-dimensional cubic-spline approximations to the value function. We
show that fitting this approximation through linear programming
provides upper and lower bounds on the solution to the original large
problem. The information contained in these bounds leads to
inexpensive improvements in the accuracy of
approximate solutions.
Difficulties in screening for adjustment disorder, Part II: An
attempt to develop a novel self-report screening instrument in cancer
patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation
Authors: KIRSH KENNETH L. , McGREW JOHN H. , PASSIK STEVEN D.
Published: April 2008

Objective: Screening for adjustment disorder (AD) in cancer
patients presents a significant clinical challenge. As seen in Part I
of this research, conventional, existing measures are rather poor at
detecting this most common of psychiatric diagnoses. Bone marrow
transplantation (BMT) has a high level of morbidity that can cause
significant stress for patients faced with the procedure.

Methods: A sample of 95 BMT patients completed a
semistructured interview and a novel self-report instrument, the Coping
Flexibility Scale for Cancer (C-Flex), to determine if it could
identify patients with adjustment disorder in need of further
assessment and intervention.

Results: The screen yielded four factors but was not
predictive of AD. However, the C-Flex was significantly related to the
presence of any disorder (r = −0.44, p <
0.001) in this sample. In addition, Factor I of the screen was found to
be correlated to the presence of any diagnosis (r =
−0.44, p < 0.001) and to have adequate sensitivity
(81.63%) and specificity (76.09%).

Significance of results: Either because of problems with the
scale or the amorphous nature of the AD category, or both, rapid
identification of patients with this common problem has proven to be
elusive.
Children's and family needs of young women with advanced breast cancer: A review
Authors: TURNER JANE
Published: April 2008

This article reviews literature about the impact of advanced breast cancer on children and families. It is clear that the adjustment of the family is influenced by disease stage and maternal adjustment, the needs of the particular child relating closely to their developmental stage. Interventions with children and families to promote adjustment when a parent has advanced cancer are also discussed, including implications for clinical practice.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of psychosocial distress at the end of life
Authors: MURILLO MAURICIO , HOLLAND JIMMIE C.
Published: April 2008

After years of neglect, care at the end of life is receiving increasing attention and concern. It is then that the body is consumed by a progressive and mortal illness, and the person must cope not only with the bodily symptoms, but also with the existential crisis of the end of life and approaching death. As the body suffers, the mind is indeed “commanded … to suffer with the body,” as Shakespeare so well described. Thus, suffering near the end of life encompasses both the mind and the body. Providing optimal symptom relief and alleviation of suffering is the highest priority. However, evidence suggests that we continue to fall far short of this ideal (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1996; Cassem, 1997; Cassel & Foley, 1999; Carver & Foley, 2000). Although pain management guidelines have been the most widely disseminated, we know that many patients continue to suffer not only from pain, but other troubling physical symptoms in their final days (American Nursing Association, 1991; Carr et al., 1994; American Pain Society, 1995; American Academy of Neurology, 1996; American Board of Internal Medicine, 1996; Ahmedzai, 1998). Despite clear advances in the identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders, we continue to underdiagnose and undertreat the debilitating symptoms of depression, anxiety, and delirium in the final stages of life (Carroll et al., 1993; Hirschfeld et al., 1997; Holland, 1997, 1998, 1999; Breitbart et al., 2000; Chochinov & Breitbart, 2000). And, beyond these physical and psychological symptoms, we fall even shorter of our goals of alleviating the spiritual, psychosocial, and existential suffering of the dying patient and family (Cherny & Portenoy, 1994; Cherny et al., 1996; Fitchett & Handzo, 1998; Karasu, 2000). And this is in spite of the ethical imperative “to comfort always” (Pellegrino, 2000).
Conversion disorder with convulsion and motor deficit mimicking the
adverse effects of high-dose Ara-C treatment in a posttransplant acute
myeloid leukemia patient: A case report and review of the
literature
Authors: ONISHI HIDEKI , KAMIJO AKI , ONOSE MASANARI , YAMADA TOMOKI , MIZUNO YASUHIRO , ITO MIZUHO , SAITO HIDEYUKI , MARUTA ICHIRO
Published: April 2008

In this communication, we report an acute leukemia patient who
developed conversion disorder mimicking the adverse effects of
high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment after the patient
received high-dose Ara-C treatment.

A 21-year-old woman, with acute recurrent leukemia after bone marrow
transplantation, received high-dose Ara-C treatment and 10 days later
was referred for psychiatric consultation because of an abrupt onset of
convulsion. On neurologic examination, she showed convulsion of all the
limbs without loss of consciousness. All limbs looked paretic; however,
tendon reflexes in all limbs were normal and pathological reflex was
not recognized. When her hand was dropped onto her own face, it fell
next to her face but not on her face. Laboratory data were
unremarkable. She had no history of psychiatric illness or drug or
alcohol abuse.

The patient explained that she knew about the recurrence of her own
leukemia and the news of the death of a close friend due to leukemia at
the same time, which was a shocking event for her, focusing her
attention on her own fears of dying from the same disease.

Conversion disorder in cancer patients is not common; however,
appropriate diagnosis is very important to avoid inappropriate
examinations and treatments.

In leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy, various kinds of signs
and symptoms may develop due to the adverse effects of chemotherapy
and/or infection. Therefore, conversion disorder might be
overlooked and inappropriate treatment and examinations might be
performed. Clinicians should consider conversion disorder in the
differential diagnosis when patients develop unexplained neurological
symptoms.
Darkness and light: Perspectives in palliative medicine
Authors: EPSTEIN ANDREW
Published: April 2008

Every year, a new cache of medical students is
baptized into this ageless art, and with this distinction
comes a ceremonial distribution of the white coat. I was exuberant when
I received mine—how beautiful! The thick cords of fabric are so
neatly woven, reminiscent of chain mail armor worn by Lancelot and his
peers…. Yes, this is a suit of armor, my impervious
battle dress against the foes of Disease and Illness. It is replete
with knowledge, seething with confidence, keen in choice of diagnosis
and treatment—a great garment of ritual and power no different
than Merlin's robe or the shield of Constantine. The brilliant
white threads reflect purity of heart and clarity of mind, illuminating
the nature of human condition. With this armament, we saw ourselves as
the natural optimistic extension of our time—purveyors of medical
manifest destiny. I was confident a true understanding of humanity
hinged on my education. What an astonishing machine, this Man creature!
So intricate, so functionally efficient, so synergistic, the ultimate
holistic wonder. And how very reasonable for such a pinnacle in the
scheme of natural history to have insight regarding his mechanics, that
he might tinker and prod, cut a bit here and there, a tincture of
chemical now or again, polishing up the imperfections and peccadillos
inherent in producing 6,000,000,000 copies of something, anything.