bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fate of O+ ions observed in the plasma mantle: particle tracing modelling and cluster observations
Authors: Schillings Audrey , Gunell Herbert , Nilsson Hans , De Spiegeleer Alexandre , Ebihara Yusuke , Westerberg Lars G. , Yamauchi Masatoshi , Slapak Rikard
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Ion escape is of particular interest for studying the evolution of the
atmosphere on geological timescales. Previously, using Cluster-CODIF data,
we investigated the oxygen ion outflow from the plasma mantle for different
solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activity. We found significant
correlations between solar wind parameters, geomagnetic activity
(Kp index), and the O+ outflow. From
these studies, we suggested that O+ ions observed in the plasma
mantle and cusp have enough energy and velocity to escape the magnetosphere
and be lost into the solar wind or in the distant magnetotail. Thus, this
study aims to investigate where the ions observed in the plasma mantle end
up. In order to answer this question, we numerically calculate the
trajectories of O+ ions using a tracing code to further test this
assumption and determine the fate of the observed ions. Our code consists
of a magnetic field model (Tsyganenko T96) and an ionospheric potential
model (Weimer 2001) in which particles initiated in the plasma mantle
region are launched and traced forward in time. We analysed
131 observations of plasma mantle events in Cluster data between 2001
and 2007, and for each event 200 O+ particles were launched with
an initial thermal and parallel bulk velocity corresponding to the
velocities observed by Cluster. After the tracing, we found that 98 % of
the particles are lost into the solar wind or in the distant tail. Out of
these 98 %, 20 % escape via the dayside magnetosphere.
Annual dynamics of global land cover and its long-term changes from 1982 to 2015
Authors: Liu Han , Gong Peng , Wang Jie , Clinton Nicholas , Bai Yuqi , Liang Shunlin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the Earth. As the cause and result of global environmental change, land cover
change (LCC) influences the global energy balance and biogeochemical cycles.
Continuous and dynamic monitoring of global LC is urgently needed. Effective
monitoring and comprehensive analysis of LCC at the global scale are rare.
With the latest version of GLASS (Global Land Surface Satellite) CDRs
(climate data records) from 1982 to 2015, we built the first record of
34-year-long annual dynamics of global land cover (GLASS-GLC) at 5 km
resolution using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Compared to earlier
global land cover (LC) products, GLASS-GLC is characterized by high consistency, more
detail, and longer temporal coverage. The average overall accuracy for the
34 years each with seven classes, including cropland, forest, grassland,
shrubland, tundra, barren land, and snow/ice, is 82.81 % based on 2431
test sample units. We implemented a systematic uncertainty analysis and
carried out a comprehensive spatiotemporal pattern analysis. Significant
changes at various scales were found, including barren land loss and
cropland gain in the tropics, forest gain in the Northern Hemisphere, and
grassland loss in Asia. A global quantitative analysis of human factors
showed that the average human impact level in areas with significant LCC was
about 25.49 %. The anthropogenic influence has a strong correlation with
the noticeable vegetation gain, especially for forest. Based on GLASS-GLC,
we can conduct long-term LCC analysis, improve our understanding of global
environmental change, and mitigate its negative impact. GLASS-GLC will be
further applied in Earth system modeling to facilitate research on global
carbon and water cycling, vegetation dynamics, and climate change. The
GLASS-GLC data set presented in this article is available at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.913496 (Liu et al., 2020).
Measuring river planform changes from remotely sensed data – a Monte Carlo approach to assessing the impact of spatially variable error
Authors: Jautzy Timothée , Herrault Pierre-Alexis , Chardon Valentin , Schmitt Laurent , Rixhon Gilles
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Remotely sensed data from fluvial systems are extensively used to document historical planform changes.
However, geometric and delineation errors inherently associated with these data can result in poor or even misleading
interpretation of measured changes, especially rates of channel lateral migration. It is thus imperative to take into account a
spatially variable (SV) error affecting the remotely sensed data. In the wake of recent key studies using this SV error as
a level of detection, we introduce a new framework to evaluate the significance of measured channel migration. Going beyond
linear metrics (i.e. migration vectors between diachronic river centrelines), we assess significance through a channel polygon
method yielding a surficial metric (i.e. quantification of eroded, deposited, or eroded-then-deposited surfaces). Our study area is a mid-sized active wandering river: the lower Bruche, a ∼20 m wide tributary of the Rhine in eastern France.
Within our four test sub-reaches, the active channel is digitised using diachronic orthophotos (1950 and 1964), and the
SV error affecting the data is interpolated with an inverse-distance weighting (IDW) technique. The novelty of our approach arises from then
running Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to randomly translate active channels and propagate geometric and delineation errors
according to the SV error. This eventually leads to the computation of percentage of uncertainties associated with each of the
measured planform changes, which allows us to evaluate the
significance of the planform changes. In the lower Bruche, the uncertainty associated with the documented changes ranges from
15.8 % to 52.9 %. Our results show that (i) orthophotos are affected by a significant SV error; (ii) the latter strongly
affects the uncertainty of measured changes; and (iii) the significance of changes is dependent on both the magnitude and the
shape of the surficial changes.
Taking the SV error into account is strongly recommended even in orthorectified aerial photos,
especially in the case of mid-sized rivers (<30 m width) and/or low-amplitude river planform changes (<1 m2m-1yr-1).
In addition to allowing detection of low-magnitude planform changes, our approach
is also transferable as we use well-established tools (IDW and MC): this opens new perspectives in the fluvial context
(e.g. multi-thread river channels) for robustly assessing surficial channel changes.
Catchment export of base cations: improved mineral dissolution kinetics influence the role of water transit time
Authors: Erlandsson Lampa Martin , Sverdrup Harald U. , Bishop Kevin H. , Belyazid Salim , Ameli Ali , Köhler Stephan J.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Soil mineral weathering is one of the major sources of
base cations (BC), which play a dual role in forest ecosystems: they
function as plant nutrients and buffer against the acidification of
catchment runoff. On a long-term basis, soil weathering rates
determine the highest sustainable forest productivity that does not cause
acidification. It is believed that the hydrologic residence time plays a key
role in determining the weathering rates at the landscape scale. The PROFILE weathering model has been used for almost 30 years to calculate
weathering rates in the rooting zone of forest soils. However, the mineral
dissolution equations in PROFILE are not adapted for the saturated zone, and
employing these equations at the catchment scale results in a significant
overprediction of base cation release rates to surface waters. In this
study, we use a revised set of PROFILE equations which, among other features,
include retardation due to silica concentrations. Relationships between the
water transit time (WTT) and soil water concentrations were derived for each
base cation, by simulating the soil water chemistry along a one-dimensional
flow path, using the mineralogy from a glacial till soil. We show how the
revised PROFILE equations are able to reproduce patterns in BC and
silica concentrations as well as BC ratios (Ca2+/BC, Mg2+/BC and
Na+/BC) that are observed in the soil water profiles and catchment runoff. In contrast to the original set of PROFILE equations, the revised set of
equations could reproduce the fact that increasing WTT led to a decreasing Na+/BC ratio and increasing Ca2+/BC and Mg2+/BC ratios. Furthermore, the total
release of base cations from a hillslope was calculated using a mixing
model, where water with different WTTs was mixed according to an externally
modeled WTT distribution. The revised set of equations gave a 50 % lower
base cation release (0.23 eq m−2 yr−1) than the
original PROFILE equations and are in better agreement with mass balance
calculations of weathering rates. Thus, the results from this study
demonstrate that the revised mineral dissolution equations for PROFILE are a
major step forward in modeling weathering rates at the catchment scale.
Introduction
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew
Published: June 2020

This introduction to the twentieth anniversary volume of The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies celebrates the creating and sustaining of a forum in which writers coming from virtually every discipline, representing a diverse range of critical perspectives, have advanced the scholarly study of Ayn Rand and her times.
What Ayn Never Told Us
Authors: Hardin Dennis C.
Published: June 2020

Understanding Objectivism was Leonard Peikoff's first major teaching endeavor following Ayn Rand's death in 1982. Like Nathaniel Branden's 1971 book The Disowned Self—written after his break with Rand—the lectures addressed complaints reported by students of the philosophy, subject matter Rand may not have approved. Peikoff faults the common mistake of looking at Objectivism through the lens of traditional philosophy. He clarifies the distinct nature of objective methodology and shows how traditional philosophy is hostage to the pernicious mind-body dichotomy. Despite Peikoff's gracious display of empathy, the promise of a more benign nascent Objectivist vanguard was short-lived.
Misguided Arguments
Authors: Gordon David
Published: June 2020

In their book, Equal Is Unfair, Watkins and Brook argue that equality of income and wealth is not needed in order to engage in the creative work required for human flourishing. One can live a successful life even though others have more resources and opportunities. It is contended here that this argument is convincing, but contrary to Watkins and Brook, it does not suffice to rule out all justifications for redistribution.
Ayn Rand and Posthumanism
Authors: Camplin Troy
Published: June 2020

If we humans are truly facing a posthuman future, the shape of that future will in no small part be a consequence of the writings of Ayn Rand. This is the fundamental claim of Ben Murnane in Ayn Rand and the Posthuman— a claim that he supports while discussing the benefits and problems of such a likely Randian future. From seasteading to technologically enhanced humans, the future, it seems, belongs to Ayn Rand and the pioneers of technology she has most influenced.
Verum focus is verum, not focus: Cross-linguistic evidence
Authors: Gutzmann Daniel , Hartmann Katharina , Matthewson Lisa
Published: June 2020

The accent pattern known as verum focus is commonly understood as an ordinary alternative focus on the truth of a proposition. This standard view, which we call the focus accent thesis (FAT), can be contrasted with the lexical operator thesis (LOT), according to which the accent pattern that looks like focus in languages like German or English is actually not an instance of focus marking, but realizes a lexical verum predicate, whose function is to relate the current proposition to a question under discussion. Although it is hard to distinguish between the FAT and the LOT on the basis of German or English, a broader cross-linguistic perspective seems to favor the LOT. Drawing from fieldwork on Tsimshianic (Gitksan) and Chadic (Bura, South Marghi), we first show that in none of these languages is verum realized in the same way that ordinary alternative focus is marked. This sheds initial doubt on the unity of verum and focus. Secondly, the FAT predicts that a language cannot have co-occuring verum and focus, if it does not allow multiple foci, and that a language should allow them to co-occur if it allows for multiple foci. Again, while it is hard to find counterexamples in German or English, some of the data from our cross-linguistic investigation favor the LOT.
Infância Segura: um Jogo colaborativo para a prevenção da violência sexual infantil
Authors: Diocesano Tiago Francisco Andrade , Berkenbrock Carla Diacui Medeiros
Published: June 2020

A violência sexual infantil é um problema de saúde pública mundial devido a sua alta prevalência, bem como os danos psicológicos e sociais causados às vítimas e familiares. Em resposta a esse problema, têm sido desenvolvidos programas de prevenção da violência sexual infantil. Neste trabalho é definida uma estratégia para apoiar o professor a atuar como coordenador em um jogo colaborativo para a prevenção da violência sexual infantil. O jogo desenvolvido, intitulado Infância Segura, é baseado no Modelo 3C de colaboração possibilitando a comunicação, cooperação e enfatizando a coordenação do professor. Os resultados apontam que o jogo possibilita ao professor atuar como coordenador na prevenção da violência sexual infantil. O jogo também propicia a observação do coordenador, podendo analisar algum indício de violência manifestado pela criança tanto por meio da interação com o jogo quanto por manifestação natural.
Violencia percibida por trabajadores de la salud de parte de los usuarios del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano en Lirquén, Chile, 2017
Authors: Vega-Pinochet Hugo
Published: June 2020

La violencia en los centros de salud, que históricamente afectaba a algunos puestos de trabajo,

actualmente es generalizada. La alta exposición de los trabajadores a agresiones repercute negativamente en su seguridad y salud. Objetivo: Describir la violencia percibida por los trabajadores de la salud de parte de los usuarios del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano en Lirquén, Chile. Métodos: Se realizó en 2017 un estudio descriptivo transversal, en lo cual participaron 155 trabajadores de dos centros de salud pertenecientes al Servicio de Salud Talcahuano.

Los participantes, quienes dieron su consentimiento informado, contestaron un instrumento validado, de autoaplicación, anónimo y confidencial. El análisis se presenta con tablas de distribución, promedios y datos de dispersión. Resultados: Se encontró que el 70,3% de los trabajadores reporta haber sufrido violencia por parte de los usuarios, tratándose en el 85,3% de violencia verbal. Los más afectados son médicos, odontólogos y enfermeros. Los actos de violencia ocurrieron preferentemente en la mañana, durante la espera de su hora o en medio de una atención sanitaria. Las principales causas identificadas fueron el tiempo de espera y la salud mental del usuario. El perfil del agresor corresponde a un paciente adulto sin distinción de sexo. Finalmente, sólo el 9,2% de las agresiones se notificó formalmente; un 30% de los trabajadores considera que el registro es inútil, y un 72,5% considera que la frecuencia de la violencia se mantiene igual o va en aumento. Conclusiones: La violencia de los usuarios afecta a la mayoría de los trabajadores de la salud. Existe mínima notificación formal y escaso registro de las agresiones. Es necesario capacitar a los trabajadores para prevenir y manejar las agresiones.
¿Sirven las ayudas técnicas a las personas mayores? Percepción desde la Atención Primaria sobre esta Garantía Explícita en Salud, Santiago, Chile
Authors: Hirmas Macarena , Poffald Lucy , Olea Andrea , Aguilera Ximena , Matute Isabel , González Claudia , Delgado Iris , Nájera Manuel , Gómez María Inés , Gallardo Ligia , Bustamante Hernán , Di Silvestre María Cristina
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de informantes clave pertenecientes a la red de Atención Primaria de Salud en Chile, respecto al proceso de gestión asistencial y el impacto del programa nacional de Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES) sobre la entrega de ayudas técnicas a personas mayores. Materiales y métodos: Un estudio cualitativo basado en análisis de casos múltiples, en el cual se realizó entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 8 informantes clave de la red asistencial, fue desarrollado en 2015 en tres comunas de Santiago, Chile. El análisis de la información recogida se realizó mediante análisis de contenido, y se finalizó el muestreo de máxima variación al saturar la información. Se resguardaron los criterios de rigor científico y el protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética. Resultados: Hay una percepción de cobertura y detección de necesidad como adecuada en pacientes bajo control, aunque desde la perspectiva de los informantes, hay desconocimiento de esta garantía en la población. La necesidad es detectada por cualquier profesional de salud, pero la indicación es exclusivamente médica, lo que genera barreras de acceso. Hay una entrega oportuna; sin embargo, no se realiza seguimiento ni se aprecia como parte de una atención integral. Se percibe que la ayuda técnica es de calidad y la articulación de la red es adecuada, aunque no hay retroalimentación a Atención Primaria de Salud. El impacto lo consideran positivo en pacientes y familiares: mejora la ejecución de actividades diarias y genera mayor autonomía y capacidad de desplazamiento. Conclusiones: Existe una percepción positiva de este programa GES y su impacto en la mejoría en la calidad de vida de vida de los pacientes. Pero, la entrega de ayudas técnicas se encuentra desvinculada de una atención integral, por ende, este programa prioriza sólo la garantía de oportunidad.
Mortalidad estandarizada según causas, edad y género en una comuna minera del norte de Chile entre 2006 y 2015
Authors: Leyton-Hernández Álvaro , Ramírez-Santana Muriel
Published: June 2020

Introducción: La comuna de Andacollo fue declarada Zona Saturada por material particulado en el año 2009, desconociéndose si dicha contaminación afecta la salud de sus habitantes o aumenta el riesgo de morir de su población. Objetivo: Comparar la mortalidad general y por causas cardiovasculares, respiratorias y neoplasias, según edad y género, de la comuna Andacollo con las tasas nacionales, entre 2006 y 2015. Materiales y métodos: Con registros oficiales de defunciones y población, se calcularon tasas de mortalidad general, por causas específicas y según género. Se estandarizó con ajuste directo por edad las tasas comunales, para compararlas con las del país. Resultados: Las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas de Andacollo tienden a ser, en promedio, 20% superiores a las nacionales, durante toda la década. Esta diferencia está dada principalmente por un mayor riesgo de morir en hombres, que es 35% mayor para neoplasias, 40% más para enfermedades cardiovasculares y 50% mayor para las enfermedades respiratorias. Estas diferencias de riesgo de morir es mucho menor para las mujeres (promedio 9%) y no se observan en la población joven (20-59 años). Conclusiones: Las tasas de mortalidad general y específicas de Andacollo son significativamente superiores a las nacionales, pudiendo descartarse influencia de las condiciones ambientales en el riesgo de morir de su población, dada la heterogencidad presentada en los riesgos de morir por sexo. El exceso de riesgo de fallecer en hombres mayores podría explicarse por exposiciones laborales antiguas.
De eigenzinnige burgerwacht
Authors: Klok Simen
Published: June 2020

The self-willed vigilante – normative practices as a basis for evaluation

Citizen engagement in public safety is increasing rapidly. This trend, also known as responsibilisation, causes new dilemmas for (local) goverments. This article is based on a case study on a local group in the Dutch municipality Neder-Betuwe. These vigilantes arrest suspects by using extensive and professional equipment. By using the theory of normative practices this article compares the practices of the vigilantes and the local police. Their attitude to themes as safety, community values and the core values of the Dutch rule of law differs. This puts pressure on cooperation between vigilantes and police officers.
Is digitale buurtpreventie een goed instrument voor burgeropsporing?
Authors: Zoutendijk Jossian , Schram Krista
Published: June 2020

Do digital neighbourhood watch groups actually contribute to crime reduction?

It is often assumed that digital neighbourhood watch groups lead to more emergency calls and more arrests by the police. This article revolves around the question whether or not these groups actually contribute to reducing crime in the Netherlands. It does so by looking at recent studies and the results of researchers’ own ‘realist evaluation’ of the city of Rotterdam’s policy on digital neighbourhood watch. The latter includes a reconstruction of the program theory and ten case studies with different types of groups. The reconstruction of program theory revealed two main routes to crime reduction: 1) more emergency calls and more arrests by the police and 2) more social control. Chat histories have been studied and moderators, participants, non-participants and professionals were interviewed on their perception of active mechanisms and on the efficacy of their group. None of the respondents believed their group led to an increased number of arrests, but interviews and chat histories show that crime can be reduced by means of social control. Social control by neighbours limits the opportunity for crime and disturbs criminal acts. Other studies in the Netherlands support this finding. The article closes by putting digital neighbourhood watch in a citizen’s perspective with suggestions to improve the efficacy of digital neighbourhood watch groups and the notion that for citizens, crime reduction is not the only or principal goal.
A Carcharodontosaurid tooth from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of South Korea
Authors: Yun Chan-gyu
Published: June 2020

A large tooth of theropod dinosaur that was recovered from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous; Aptian-Albian) in Daedo island, Hadong Couty, South Gyeongsang Province of South Korea is redescribed. Although the tooth was misidentified as a "Prodeinodon"-like megalosaurid theropod at the first time, detailed comparisons with known theropod dentition anatomy strongly indicate that this tooth belongs to an Acrocanthosaurus-like basal carcharodontosaurid theropod. This referral is supported by its combination of large size, ovoid-shaped cervix outline, mesial carina that does not reach the cervix, labially displaced distal carina and large number of denticles. This tooth is different from other carcharodontosaurid teeth from the same formation in several anatomical aspects (e.g., smaller overall size, presence of transverse lines adjacent to the distal carina, presence of interdenticular sulci in distal carina, denticle densities, crown basal ratio), indicating that carcharodontosaurid diversity in the Early Cretaceous of Korea could have been higher, although these differences may represent positional or individual variations. The presence of Acrocanthosaurus-like theropod teeth (e.g., "Prodeinodon", "Wakinosaurus") from early Cretaceous deposits (Valanginian-Cenomanian) of South Korea, Japan, Mongolia and China indicates that North American Acrocanthosaurus atokensis possibly represents a form that immigrated from the Asia.
Violência na escola: há possibilidade de contribuir e solucioná-la?
Authors: Dias Carmen Lúcia , Brumatti Jacon Valéria Anésia , Nogueira Vanni Verônica
Published: June 2020

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre a temática da violência no interior das escolas sob a perspectiva cognitivo evolutiva. Objetivou-se neste constructo analisar as formas existentes da violência, sua presença, aumento, bem como suas formas de manifestação dentro dos muros das unidades escolares, para desta maneira compreender e refletir a respeito de maneiras que possam contribuir com as práticas escolares no intuito que estas beneficiem com eficiência a transformação e mudança para uma cultura da paz, consequentemente o estabelecimento de um ambiente mais harmonioso no contexto investigado. Compreendemos, assim, a necessidade de se promover a autonomia moral dos alunos, por meio de práticas pedagógicas voltadas à educação moral e ao resgate de valores éticos. Fundamental, que sejam trabalhados valores como o diálogo e o respeito mútuo na construção de um ambiente harmonioso, onde os alunos vejam esses recursos como o caminho para a resolução dos conflitos e para as relações democráticas.
Suzano: a educação na mira dos massacres lumpenradicais
Authors: Pinto Neto Moysés
Published: June 2020

O texto analisa o massacre na Escola Estadual Professor Raul Brasil, em Suzano – São Paulo, à luz dos outros massacres ocorridos em ambientes escolares e aproximados nos últimos vinte anos, desde Columbine, no mundo. Para tanto, conecta os pensamentos de Franco Bifo Berardi, Angela Nagle e Achille Mbembe para pensar a formação de subjetividade lumpenradical a partir dos fóruns digitais (chans) da deep web e o atrito entre corpo, capitalismo e ambiente virtual. Analisa então suas relações com a frustração, a raiva e o ressentimento que se traduzem em gestos de acting out em geral contra outros estudantes e mulheres, tomados como símbolos negativos por uma virilidade ferida pelos avanços sociais e por uma ação que nega o pensamento, colocando a educação e suas instituições como alvo preferencial.
Avaliação no contexto socioeducativo: desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Soares Enilvia Rocha Morato , Fernandes Silva Edileuza
Published: June 2020

Compreender a avaliação conduzida em um Núcleo de Ensino de uma Unidade de Internação Socioeducativa do DF constitui objetivo de pesquisa discutida neste artigo. Por meio de estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico, utilizou-se para levantamento de dados: observação, questionários, entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos focais. Fundamentadas no materialismo histórico-dialético, as análises consideraram as categorias metodológicas apontadas por Cury (1985) e as conceituais emersas das significações (AGUIAR e OZELLA, 2006 e 2013; AGUIAR, SOARES e MACHADO, 2015) constituídas por interlocutores. O estudo indicou a necessidade de espaços-tempos coletivos e democráticos que viabilizem uma prática avaliativa com condições de contribuir para a instauração de uma política educacional intersetorial favorável à articulação do trabalho realizado pelo Núcleo de Ensino e demais setores da Unidade de Internação. Avaliar e planejar conjuntamente o processo formativo dos jovens internos concorreria para o enfrentamento de desafios que obstaculizam o direito de aprender, legalmente assegurado a todos os socioeducandos.
A dimensão da robótica educacional como espaço educativo
Authors: Santos Fernanda Cordeiro , Sobral Júnior Geraldo Alves
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo desenvolve-se a discussão sobre o uso da robótica em ambientes educacionais, encarando os espaços destinados a estas práticas, com características e dinâmica próprias, como novos espaços educativos. O objetivo principal deste estudo é lançar fundamentação teórica sobre a prática da robótica educacional, assim como, propor seu uso através de oficinas educacionais. Deste modo, partiu-se da questão de pesquisa: “Seria possível interpretar as práticas que são adotadas para o desenvolvimento da robótica educacional sob a perspectiva das metodologias ativas?” Nesta investigação realizou-se uma oficina de robótica educacional, desenvolvendo as fases de planejamento, aplicação e avaliação. Esta pesquisa teve como método a pesquisa-ação com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumentos metodológicos a entrevista e o questionário semiestruturado. A análise dos dados indica a avaliação positiva por parte dos alunos quanto às experiências vivenciadas em campeonatos de robótica e a satisfação com a metodologia desenvolvida durante a realização da oficina.
Changes in HR in the Polish Steel Industry Over the Last Thirty Years
Authors: Gajdzik Bożena
Published: June 2020

The publication presents changes that took place in human resource structures and human resource management in the Polish steel industry over the last thirty years. Changes in the structure and management of human resources in Poland are part of the global process of economic development that has been taking place worldwide over the past few decades (especially in Central and Eastern Europe). The Polish steel industry underwent repair restructuring during the transformation of the Polish economy (1990s). A restructuring process was implemented extensively. It encompassed ownership and property, products and technology, and employment and management. Upon the conclusion of recovery restructuring, steel companies began to build a competitive advantage on the market. Human resources are one aspect of competitiveness. Since the beginning of the transition in the Polish economy, efforts to rationalize employment as well as changes in human resource structures and management demonstrate the increasing adaptability of Polish companies with respect to world market competition requirements. The publication characterizes changes in structures and human resource management in the Polish steel industry. The choice of scope of analysis was dictated by the large scale of changes implemented as well as knowledge concerning employment restructuring in the Polish steel industry as held by the author of the publication.
System Designs of Microsatellites: A Review of Two Schools of Thoughts
Authors: Robertus Triharjanto
Published: June 2020

Microsatellite has been considered as disruptive technologies in satellite engineering. Its development cost and time provide advantages for new kind of Earth observations, telecommunications, and science missions. The increasing trend of microsatellite launches and operations means that the approach was so successful that it could create funding sustainability. Major contributing factors of its success were due to the system design of the microsatellites. This chapter discusses two microsatellite system design approaches, namely Technical University of Berlin heritage and University of Surrey heritage. Both Universities provide approaches for system design and build of microsatellite systems. The design approaches are being compared along with lessons learned. The choices of microsatellites to be compared in this chapter will be those that are manufactured about the same time such that the technology compared is mostly the same and flown in-orbit. The chapter shows that the differences between the two system design approaches are on the choice of main computer and associated link configuration and in the attitude control modes. Another major different is in the satellites’ structure design. For some satellite’s components, incoming technologies have made the design choices from the two schools of thoughts converged.
Microorganisms as Alternative Sources of New Natural Products
Authors: Ortega Cabello Lucía
Published: June 2020

Microbial natural products have become important over the last decades due to the ability of bacteria and fungi to subsist in different habitats such as marine and extreme environments. Microorganisms are able to synthesize new compounds with diverse therapeutic activity equal to or better than the activity of compounds already known, thus being promising for the treatment of different diseases such as cancer or the solution to health problems such as antibiotic resistance. The production of microbial natural compounds can be improved by modifying culture media, growing conditions, amplifying gene expression or by co-cultivation techniques, which are the major challenges in the industrial production of such compounds.
Ensinar a sociologia na França. Uma prática pedagógica entre reflexividade e restrições
Authors: Serre Delphine
Published: June 2020

A questão pedagógica na universidade é identificada entre a indiferença, por um lado, e a institucionalização em serviços dedicados e dispositivos periféricos, por outro. Este artigo propõe uma terceira via, que consiste em internalizar a reflexão pedagógica no centro das aulas temáticas para torná-la uma dimensão essencial e legítima da profissão de professor(a)-pesquisador(a). Com base na auto-análise de suas práticas de ensino em duas universidades, Delphine Serre mostra como a sociologia pode ser um recurso para criar, ministrar e avaliar cursos. Ela explica primeiro os dois princípios pedagógicos, inspirados no trabalho sociológico, que norteiam suas práticas: a de uma "pedagogia envolvente" e de uma "pedagogia racional". Em seguida, mostra como mobiliza a prática reflexiva da sociologia e suas ferramentas (questionários, observações) para melhor adequar as lições ao público. Por fim, expõe os limites que se impõem a essa reflexividade pedagógica, devido às condições materiais e institucionais que caracterizam o trabalho de professores(as) e pesquisadores(as). Longe de promover uma enésima inovação pedagógica, o artigo pretende ser uma contribuição modesta, baseada em uma experiência pessoal, para colocar em evidência uma reflexividade educacional comum que foi prejudicada por reformas recentes no ensino superior.Palavras-chave: Ensino de sociologia. Pedagogia racional. Desigualdades das condições de estudo. Pedagogia universitária. Avaliação de aulas pelos alunos. Condições de trabalho dos professores-pesquisadores.
Metodologías feministas con tecnologías para la gestión de la información en la enseñanza universitaria
Authors: Bosch Núria Vergés , Biglia Barbara , Samaranch Elisabet Almeda
Published: June 2020

En nuestras universidades, para avanzar hacia un modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje que sitúe el alumnado en el centro, es necesario facilitar su aprendizaje autónomo, en colaboración y generando capacidades para la elaboración de proyectos de investigación en perspectiva de género. En este sentido, el proyecto FAAMEF (Facilitando el aprendizaje autónomo sobre metodologías de investigación feminista) se propuso facilitar el aprendizaje autónomo y colaborativo de las metodologías de investigación feminista con la construcción, uso y difusión de un repositorio on-line en Zotero sobre metodologías de investigación feminista. En este artículo presentamos brevemente el proyecto y sus especificidades y nos adentramos en el análisis de la implementación de sus dos primeras fases. Con ello exponemos que los y las alumnas, aunque no sin dificultades y puntos de partida diversos, no sólo han aprendido a seleccionar, organizar y evaluar referencias bibliográficas de forma autónoma y en colaboración satisfactoriamente, sino que han comprendido la utilidad de herramientas como Zotero. Además, han desarrollado la capacidad de pensar críticamente alrededor de los contenidos de las metodologías de investigación feminista.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje autónomo. Zotero. Metodologías feministas. Innovación docente.
O ensino em sociologia como prática: diferenças e clivagens nos distintos espaços institucionais
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi , Da Silva Rosimere Aquino , Nascimento Carolina
Published: June 2020

O debate sobre o ensino de sociologia tem sido ampliado nos últimos anos, especialmente após a reintrodução dessa disciplina no ensino médio a partir de 2008; entretanto, pouco tem sido discutido acerca do ensino de sociologia no ensino superior. Este artigo visa contribuir para a discussão analisando o ensino das disciplinas voltadas para a prática de ensino de ciências sociais/sociologia no ensino superior, especificamente junto a licenciaturas de ciências sociais. Analisamos os projetos pedagógicos de seis cursos de ciências sociais no país, localizados em diferentes regiões, utilizando como variável os cursos cujas práticas são lecionadas por professores vinculados aos departamentos de ciências sociais/sociologia, e aqueles que são lecionados por professores das faculdades de educação. Observou-se que o recorte institucional tem implicações sobre a forma como a sociologia é lecionada, havendo uma presença mais significativa de práticas pedagógicas quando estas se encontram vinculadas aos departamentos de ciências sociais/sociologia.Palavras-chave: Ensino de sociologia. Prática de ensino em ciências sociais. Formação de professores de sociologia.
Influence of supply voltage and frequency variations on the electrical equipment and power consumption in LV and MV distribution networks
Authors: Diahovchenko Illia , Sushchenko Nataliia , Shulumei Anton , Strokin Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

This paper is focused on the analysis of supply voltage and frequency quality in low voltage and medium voltage distribution power systems. The influence of supply voltage and frequency variations, within the limits defined in the valid standards, on the power network’s parameters has been evaluated using the stochastic theory and the statistical analysis methods. The circuit of RLC-load was considered for numerical evaluation. The probability distribution of supply voltage and frequency was defined and the suggestions on optimum voltage and frequency quality parameters regarding electric energy consumption, power losses and electrical equipment lifespan were given.
Energy consumption, capital expenditures, R&D cost and company profitability: evidence from paper and allied industry
Authors: Zuoza Andrius , Pilinkienė Vaida
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to empirically examine the relations between energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures on the profitability of manufacturing companies in the paper and allied industry. The main focus in this article is on the companies, which are operating in the manufacture of pulp from wood and the paper production industry. Multiple regression analysis was used to test if the energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures significantly predict EBITDA profitability. The results of the regression analysis indicated that all used predictors explained (R2) 35.7% of the company profitability variance (R2 = 0.357, F (3; 80) = 14.82, p-value < 0.01). The performed regression analysis also shows that energy consumption has a significant contribution to the profitability of the company. The results also indicate that only energy consumption explains 12.1% of the profitability variance (R2 = 0.121, F (1; 101) = 13.86, p-value = 0.01). The results of the regression analysis show that EBITDA profitability will increase by about 3.7 · 10–7% for each 1 000 GJ energy consumed.
Relationship is Everything: Holistic Approaches to Aboriginal Child and Youth Mental Health
Authors: Carriere Jeannine , Richardson Cathy
Published: June 2020

This article addresses topics related to Indigenous holistic well-being including, 1) Indigenous perspectives on Aboriginal child and youth holistic mental health; 2) Factors undermining Indigenous well-being; 3) Process and curriculum for training to support mental health practitioners working with Indigenous children, youth and communities; 4) concrete applications and participant feedback. To begin, it is important to explore the following question: What is holistic mental health for First Nations, Métis and Inuit children and youth? In outlining this training curriculum we hope to contribute to a broader conversation about supporting and enhancing the well-being of Indigenous children and youth in Canada.
REDressing Invisibility and Marking Violence Against Indigenous Women in the Americas Through Art, Activism and Advocacy
Authors: Johnson Shelly , Santos Alessandra
Published: June 2020

The incidence of crimes against Indigenous women in the Americas has a long history in the making, but in remembering this history now, in redressing the invisible violence, in rendering the invisible visible, is how we as community can put a stop to the atrocities. Two Indigenous women academics from north and south America explore the intersections between art, activism and advocacy in this article on missing, raped and murdered Indigenous women in Mexico, Guatemala and Canada. It asks questions and provides examples about how artists, activists and advocates can redress the invisibility of the violence against Indigenous women, violations of their human rights and potentially repair loss.
Preventing Crime and Poor Health Among Aboriginal People: The Potential for Preventative Programming
Authors: Monchalin Lisa , Marques Olga
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine prevention programs, and discuss their potential for having an impact on reducing crime and poor health outcomes for Aboriginal people. A historical context is first outlined in order to provide a context for understanding the disproportionate amount of crime and related poor health outcomes affecting Aboriginal people. Risk factors for crime and health are identified, demonstrating their interrelatedness and overlapping nature, indicating that risk factors do not existing in isolation from each other. Existing crime prevention programs are subsequently discussed, paying particular attention to the intersection between evidence-based outcomes and programs offered at Aboriginal Friendship Centres. The use of prevention programs for preventing/reducing crime and related health costs (i.e. substance use/abuse, smoking, and/or addictions) has been positively established by existing research. Thus, it is suggested that these programs offered in Aboriginal centres, such as Aboriginal Friendship Centres, should be furtherexpanded and supported.
Native Family Law, Indian Child Welfare Act and Tribal Sovereignty
Authors: Akhtar Zia
Published: June 2020

There has been historical abuse of Native American children in the U.S. which began in the late 19th century in what is known as the residential school movement. It led to their forced integration on pain of removing and eradicating traces of their Indian heritage. The lack of protection for Indigenous children in being transferred from the reservations to non- Indian foster parents caused the U.S. Congress to use their legislative power and enact the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 [ICWA]. This has intervened in a process that is aimed at keeping Native American children within the tribe of their parents over the last 35 years. The result of the ICWA is that it has led to the greater supervision by tribal courts over children but it has caused a conflict to arise with the state courts due to jurisdictional reasons that allows guardianship and supervision to non-Indian parents. The Arizona Court of Appeals has recently ruled in Navajo Nation v. Arizona Department of Economic Security (2012) CA-JV 11-0123 that an Indian child can stay with his non-Native foster parents despite the protests of the tribe that it was infringing the provisions of the statute. This article is intended for the practitioner and policy makers and brings to the fore the issues of the preservation of children on reservation lands, and the need for a greater care consideration in the determination if they should be transferred to foster parents outside the tribe’s jurisdiction. It also conducts a comparison with Canada where First Nations children have also suffered abuse and where there is an ongoing debate about the course of action to prevent the appropriation of children from the reserves to live with the non-Native foster parents.
Influence de l’estime de soi, des qualités relationnelles parents-enfants, du soutien social et de l’agression sexuelle sur la résilience auprès d’adolescents autochtones et caucasiens
Authors: Muckle François , Dion Jacinthe , Daigneault Isabelle , Ross Amélie , McDuff Pierre
Published: June 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’explorer la résilience psychologique auprès d’adolescents caucasiens et autochtones. Bien que plusieurs études aient été réalisées sur cette thématique auprès des caucasiens, peu ont été conduites auprès des peuples des Premières Nations, bien qu’ils aient vécu plusieurs événements traumatiques depuis la colonisation. Pour ce faire, 227 participants autochtones et caucasiens âgés de 14 à 17 ans ont répondu à des questionnaires autorapportés. La résilience a été conceptualisée en termes d’absence de détresse psychologique et fut évaluée par le score total obtenu au Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSC-C; Briere, 1989). Le niveau d’estime de soi des adolescents fut mesuré, de même que des facteurs interpersonnels tels le soutien parental, social et communautaire; afin d’être cohérent avec une perspective autochtone qui repose sur une vision interrelationnelle entre l’individu et sa communauté. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats de cette étude révèlent que les adolescents autochtones n’ont pas été davantage victimes d’agression sexuelle que leurs homologues caucasiens, mais ils ont vécu davantage d’événements de vie délétères. Les résultats de l’analyse de régression suggèrent que l’estime de soi et la capacité de l’adolescent à rechercher de l’aide dans sa communauté sont associées à moins de détresse psychologique, soit plus de résilience. Toutefois, avoir subi une agression sexuelle, avoir été exposé à plusieurs évènements de vie stressants, être de sexe masculin et être un adolescent non-autochtone est relié à plus de détresse psychologique. En somme, les présents résultats suggèrent l’importance d’utiliser une approche écologique qui implique à la fois les facteurs personnels et communautaires dans la compréhension des facteurs de résilience.
The MacPhail Family Aboriginal Pride Program of Calgary
Authors: Pinnow Joanne , Gauthier Shane R.
Published: June 2020

Since 1997, certain schools within Calgary have adopted the MacPhail Aboriginal Pride Program. This pilot program intends “to increase graduation rates among Aboriginal students, which historically have been lower than that of their non-Aboriginal peers. Its approach is based on the premise that students who bond and relate to their school environment are more likely to stay in school and succeed academically” (Calgary United Way, 2010). The Aboriginal population has been growing quickly, and Aboriginal children account for a growing proportion of all of the children in Canada (O’Donnel, 2006, p. 65). However, despite growing numbers, many Aboriginal children who live off reserve are being raised in communities where Aboriginal people represent only a small minority. In these communities, it is difficult to maintain ties to Aboriginal traditions and cultures. The MacPhail Aboriginal Pride Program attempts to help Aboriginal children and youth maintain these cultural ties and helps by infusing Aboriginal history and culture in the curriculum and by encouraging activities such as field trips and presentations. The MacPhail Aboriginal Pride Programs in Calgary strive to “achieve higher graduation rates, have consistent attendance rates, and experience a sense of pride in their culture and a willingness to share their culture with non-aboriginal peers and families.”