bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and Decomposition of Compounds
with the Aurivillius Crystal Structure in the Bi2GeO5–Bi2SiO5 Pseudobinary Metastable System
Authors: Bermeshev T. V. , Podshibyakina E. Yu. , Bundin M. P. , Mazurova E. V. , Samoilo A. S. , Yasinskii A. S. , Yushkova O. V. , Voroshilov D. S. , Bespalov V. M. , Zaloga A. N. , Yur’ev P. O.
Published: April 2024

The possibility of partial substitution of Si for Ge in the structure of Bi2GeO5 during synthesis from the melt and the effect of the substitution on the structure of the synthesized material have been studied. The microstructure of the synthesized compounds after their complete decomposition has been investigated. Using the phase powder X-ray diffraction- and optical microscopy methods, it has been found that metasta-ble phases of bismuth silicate and germanate with structures of the Aurivillius type form a continuous seriesof solid solutions. It is shown that a mixed structure composed of large Bi4Si(Ge)3O12 crystals and the Bi12Si(Ge)O20 + Bi4Si(Ge)3O12 point eutectic is obtained after the decomposition of compounds of the Bi2SiO5–Bi2GeO5 quasi-binary system, regardless of the percentage of substitution of Si for Ge. Upon slow heating up to annealing temperatures (at a rate of 13.5°C/min), a structure of decomposition that is more finely dispersed and uniform than the structure obtained upon rapid heating (when charg the material into an already preheated furnace), which is more coarsely grained and inhomogeneous. Moreover, regions with a large structure similar to a dendritic one can appear in the material when the contents of silicon and germa-nium oxides in the alloy are close to each other (20/30–30/20 mol %). Such regions differ slightly in chemical composition from the surrounding material and appear during both slow and rapid heating of the material to annealing temperatures.
Atomic Ordering in Fe2NiZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Sn) Alloys:
Effects on the Anisotropy and Properties of the Ground State
Authors: Sokolovskiy V. V. , Miroshkina O. N. , Buchelnikov V. D. , Gruner M. E.
Published: April 2024

The effect of atomic configurations on the magnetic and structural properties of Fe2NiZ (Z = Al, Ga, In, Sn) Heusler alloys has been studied within the density functional theory. The competition between five structural motifs of the cubic phase due to permutations of Fe and Ni atoms is discussed. A new structure of the cubic phase with layer-by-layer atomic ordering of Fe and Ni atoms in the ground state is predicted. In this structural modification, the considered compounds have high magnetocrystalline anisotropy values that several times exceed the values for the FeNi alloy with tetragonal symmetry.
The Features of the Flexomagnetoelectric Effect in an External Magnetic Field
Authors: Vakhitov R. M. , Solonetskii R. V. , Nizyamova A. R.
Published: April 2024

The effect of a magnetic field on the behavior of 180-degree domain walls in a uniaxial ferromag-netic film with an inhomogeneous magnetoelectric interaction has been studied. It has been shown that, depending on the magnitude and direction of the field, it is possible to enhance or weaken the flexomagne-toelectric effect in the sample. In addition, it was found that in the reverse field the switching of the interac-tion between the electric field source and the domain wall from attraction to repulsion is possible.
Nontrivial Shapes of the Mössbauer Spectra
of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Different Forms
of Magnetic Anisotropy
Authors: Chuev M. A.
Published: April 2024

The continual and quantum-mechanical models of magnetic dynamics are considered for a system of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with different forms of magnetic anisotropy alongside with the corresponding theory for describing the Mössbauer spectra of such materials. The calculations of spectra in these models demonstrate various forms of the magnetic hyperfine structure upon the evolution of the absorption spectra of nanoparticles from a well-resolved magnetic hyperfine structure (sextet of lines for 57Fe nuclei) at low tem-peratures to a single line or a five-stage pedestal at high temperatures. These models substantially broaden the methodological basis for the diagnostics of magnetic nanomaterials by the method of Mössbauer spec-troscopy.
The Interrelation between Iron Valence and Oxygen Vacancies
in Substituted Orthoferrite La0.67Sr0.33FeO3–
during Heat Treatment
Authors: Sedykh V. D. , Rusakov V. S. , Gubaidulina T. V. , Rybchenko O. G. , Kulakov V. I.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we studied substituted lanthanum orthoferrite La0.67Sr0.33FeO3– γ by Mössbauer spectroscopy using X-ray diffraction data. A series of vacuum annealings was performed in the temperature range of tann = 200–650°C, after which no significant changes in the structure of the samples were detected. The Mössbauer measurements at room temperature show that the Fe ions are in an average valence statebetween Fe3+ and Fe4+. Upon vacuum annealing, as the temperature tann increased, the average hyperfine magnetic field on the 57Fe nuclei and the isomer shift of the spectrum increased, which is associated with an increase in the number of vacancies and, accordingly, a decrease in the amount of Fe4+. Mössbauer measure-ments at 85 K showed that the average valence state of iron does not manifest itself. The hyperfine parameters of the low-temperature Mössbauer subspectra obtained from the model interpretation indicate that one of them belongs to Fe4+ ions, and the rest belong to Fe3+. The presence in the spectra of several sextets related to Fe3+ ions is due to the appearance of oxygen vacancies (breaking of the Fe3+–O2––Fe exchange bond) and Fe4+ ions (weakening of the Fe3+–O2––Fe exchange bond) in the nearest ionic neighborhood of Fe atoms. Both factors cause a decrease in the hyperfine magnetic field and a change in the isomer shift of the spectrum. As a result of model interpretation of the Mössbauer spectra, the numbers of oxygen vacancies and Fe4+ ions per formula unit depending on vacuum annealing temperature tann were determined for all samples. It wasshown that at tann above 450°C, the process of oxygen leaving the lattice ends and only Fe3+ ions are detected.
The Effect of the Interface Width on the Exchange Interaction
Constant between Ferro- and Antiferromagnets
Authors: Afremov L. L. , Brykin L. O. , Il’yushin I. G.
Published: April 2024

In the approximation of the average spin method, a system of equations for determining the average magnetic moments of atoms at the interface between a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet is formulated. It is possible to simulate the dependences of interfacial exchange interaction constant Ain on the temperature, antiferromagnetic layer thickness, and interface width by solving the system of equations for an ultrathin Ni/NiO film. It is found that the interfacial exchange interaction constant in a film with a fixed interface width at low temperatures increases with an increase in the thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer. With anincrease in the interface width, the Ain value decreases by a factor of 1.3 and reaches its minimum level.
Microwave Radiation Absorption at a Frequency of 2.45 GHz
by a Composite Based on the Dust
of Electrical Arc Steel-Making Furnaces
Authors: Anzulevich A. P. , Pavlov D. A. , Kalganov D. A. , But’ko L. N. , Tolkachev V. A. , Kovalenko L. Yu. , Peng Z.
Published: April 2024

The physicochemical transformations and electromagnetic properties of a composite based on the dust of electrical arc steel-making furnaces and a carbon-containing material (hydrolysis lignin) have been studied. The complex dielectric permittivity of the studied material was measured by the resonator method during heating to 800°C. At room temperature, the effective values of the magnetic permeability and loss of the composite mixture were calculated by solving the Bruggeman equation according to the effective medium theory. The magnetic permeability during heating was found by orthogonal regression. The numerical modelof heating a dense packing from several layers of studied material grains was constructed by the finite element method with consideration of the real properties and physicochemical transformations.
The Effect of Boron Addition on the Structure
and Mechanical Properties of Cu–Al–Ni–B Alloys
with a Thermoelastic Martensitic Transformation
Authors: Svirid A. E. , Kuranova N. N. , Makarov V. V. , Pushin V. G.
Published: April 2024

For the first time, data on the peculiarities of the structure of the Cu–Al–Ni–(B) alloys differing in the contents of alloying elements, namely, containing 10–14 wt % aluminum, 3, 4, 4.5 wt % nickel, and 0.02–0.3 wt % boron were obtained using optical, scanning, and transmission microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis along with measurements of tensile mechanical properties. The effect of boron on the grain size, structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the shape-memory alloys has been studied. The localization of aluminum boride precipitates in the structure has been studied, and the effect of grain growthretardation in (α + β) and β Cu–Al–Ni–B alloys in both cast and heat-treated states has been found.
Magnetic Phase Transitions in Fe1 – xZnxCr2S4 Alloy: Method of Random Exchange Interaction Fields
Authors: Belokon V. I. , Dyachenko O. I.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The article studies the magnetic properties of the Fe1 – xZnxCr2S4 alloy using the method of random fields of exchange interaction. The critical concentrations are determined at which a transition from the ferrimagnetic state to the spin-glass state (x = 0.66) is observed, followed by a transition to the antiferromagnetic state (x = 0.99). A magnetic phase diagram is constructed, which compares the results of calculation with experiment.
Analysis of conditions of crystallization suppression in Fe40Ni40P14B6 melt
Authors: Sviridova E. A. , Vasiliev S. V, , Tkatch V. I.
Published: April 2024

The critical cooling rates required for suppression of Fe40Ni40P14B6 melt crystallization were estimated in the framework of the formalism of classical theory of crystallization assuming homogeneous nucleation rate, linear isotropic growth and Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Arami kinetics. Both the calculated “time-temperature-transformation” diagrams and the integral form of the Kolmogov’s equation for the case of continuous cooling were used for the estimations. The temperature dependences of the rates of crystal nucleation and growth were calculated with using of the values of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters governing the crystal formation in amorphous phase as well as with the three-parameter temperature dependence of diffusivity proposed in the study. The critical cooling rates for different combinations of the equations describing nucleation and growth of crystals were estimated and the conditions for the correct prediction of the glass forming ability of Fe40Ni40P14B6 melt were established.
Numerical Simulation of the Spatial Distribution of the Magnetic Field in Devices for the Magnetic Sedimentation of Nanoparticles from Aqueous Media
Authors: Filinkova M. S. , Medvedeva I. V. , Zhakov S. V. , Bakhteeva Yu. A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—A method of magnetic sedimentation using a permanent magnets is a promising “green” technology to separate nanoparticles from water. In this work, numerical simulation of the magnetic field distribution in the devices based on combination of alternating flat permanent magnets (NdFeB) and soft magnetic steel inserts is carried out. Two types of devices with different magnetization directions of permanent magnets are considered: vertical (V) and horizontal (G). A criterion for evaluating the performance of the magnetic device R is proposed, depending on the effective volume of the water area, where the value of the product \({\text{|}}{{B}_{z}}d{{B}_{z}}{\text{/}}dz{\text{|}}\)  4 T2/m is realized, where Bz is the vertical component of magnetic induction. The dimensions of the permanent magnets and soft magnetic inserts along the horizontal x axis, the ratio of the thicknesses of magnetic and steel plates, and the number of plates are varied. It is shown that the maximum value R = 31% is performed using the V-type magnetic device with the thickness of the magnetic (Lx) and the steel (Ls) elements 30 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. For G-type magnetic device maximum value R = 19% is realized at Lx = 12.5 mm and Ls = 10 mm. Magnetic devices are effective for the height of a water layer 20 mm at the given dimensions of the magnetic system.
Use of Eutectic Effects in the Possible Creation of PCM Memory Cells on the Basis Ag–Cu Nanoclusters
Authors: Ryzhkova D. A. , Gafner S. L. , Gafner Yu. Ya.
Published: April 2024

Abstract—An attractive direction in the development of nanoelectronics is the development of a new generation of non-volatile storage devices, namely, electric phase memory or PC-RAM (Phase Change Random Access Memory). However, there are a number of unresolved problems here, such as: the stability of the amorphous phase, high power consumption, long information recording time, etc. In order to resolve these contradictions, a new approach was proposed, which consists in the use of Ag–Cu binary alloy nanoparticles as PC-RAM cells. To this end, the molecular dynamics method was used to study the processes of structurization of nanoparticles of this alloy with a size D = 2–10 nm of various target compositions with a variation in the rate of removal of thermal energy. Criteria for the stability of the amorphous and crystalline structure were evaluated, and conclusions were drawn about the target composition and size of nanoparticles suitable for creating phase-change memory cells. It was shown that in the case of the use of nanoparticles of the binary Ag–Cu alloy, it is possible to reduce the size of one cell to 6–8 nm, reduce the time of recording information to 2.5 ns, and, for the first time, based on the eutectic approach, achieve the stability of the amorphous and crystalline structure at different rates of thermal energy removal.
Cytogenetic and Biochemical Characteristics of Callus Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Galibina N. A. , Ershova M. A. , Ignatenko R. V. , Nikerova K. M. , Sofronova I. N. , Borodina M. N.
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive assessment was carried out of the changes occurring during the darkening of the callus obtained from vegetative buds of 40-year-old Scots pine treesPinus sylvestrisL. Based on biometric assessment of callus (intensity of callus formation, proportion of light callus, callus mass) from 32 analyzed trees (16 genotypes represented by two clones), two genotypes with high callus-forming ability were singled out. Analysis of mitosis showed that, although the proportion of aberrant cells in the callus does not exceed the rate of spontaneous mutation forP. sylvestris, the range of violations at the stage of meta-, ana-, and telophase in the callus culture was wider compared to that in the seed progeny of the same pine trees. Darkening of the callus was accompanied by a decrease in sucrose metabolism in the cell (decrease in cytoplasmic, vacuolar invertase and sucrose synthase) and a significant decrease in peroxidase activity. At the same time, the activity of apoplast invertase was maintained at a constant level. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, on the contrary, was higher in dark callus. The possible use of the studied enzymes as biochemical markers of the transition to darkening callus pine crops is discussed.
Effect of Brassinosteroids on the Ion-Exchange Properties of the Cell Walls of Barley Roots and Shoots under the Action of Heavy Metals
Authors: Meichik N. R. , Nikolaeva Yu. I. , Efimova M. V. , Danilova E. D. , Nikushin O. V. , Kushunina M. A.
Published: April 2024

The effect of polymetallic contamination and concomitant treatment with brassinosteroids (homocastasterone or homobrassinolide) on barley plants and on the ion-exchange capacity of cell walls isolated from shoots and roots was studied. Under the influence of polymetals, a decrease in the dry mass of roots, water content, and the proportion of the cell wall in them was observed, but the addition of homocastasterone to the medium led to the restoration of these parameters almost to the control level. In the aerial part of plants, the influence of both polymetals and brassinosteroids on these parameters was weakly expressed. In the presence of homocastasterone, the content of demethylated carboxyl groups of polygalacturonic acid increased in the pectins of the cell walls of roots and leaves, which are the main binding sites for heavy metal ions in the apoplast. Thus, it can be assumed that treatment with brassinosteroids (homocastasterone) leads to a change in the composition and ion-exchange properties of the cell wall, which makes it possible to reduce the toxic effect of polymetals due to their immobilization in the apoplast.
Comparative Characteristics of Genes 9-Cis-Epoxycarotinoid-Dioxygenase SlNCED1 and SlNCED2 during the Development
Authors: Efremov G. I. , Ashikhmin A. A. , Shchennikova A. V. , Kochieva E. Z.
Published: April 2024

Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. is an important agricultural crop and, at the same time, a model for studying the ontogeny of the succulent fruit. The decisive role in the ripening of the fruit is played by abscisic acid, which is formed as a result of the oxidative cleavage of epoxycarotenoids 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases NCED. Gene-expression profiles of SlNCED1 and SlNCED2 and the content of carotenoids in fruits at different stages of development were determined in three varieties of tomato with different color of ripe fruit. It was shown that transcripts of both genes are present in all organs. Transcript level of SlNCED1 was approximately four to six times higher than the level of SlNCED2 transcripts; peak activity of SlNCED1 occurs in the late stages of ripening, while that of SlNCED2 is at the initial stage. Ripe fruits are characterized by the highest amount of carotenoids; lycopene was found only in the fruits of late stages in red-fruited varieties, the highest content of -carotene was found in ripe fruits of the yellow-fruited variety. The precursor of abscisic acid, violaxanthin, is present only in the immature fruit; the other precursor, neoxanthin, decreases with ripening and is absent at the ripeness stage. In red-fruited varieties, a correlation was found between the level of SlNCED1 and SlNCED2 transcripts with the content of -carotene. Findings suggest the coparticipation of SlNCED1 and SlNCED2 in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid during the development and ripening of tomato fruit. In this case, the key role belongs to the gene SlNCED1, the peak of activity of which falls on the stage of changing the color of the fruit. Lower levels of SINCED2 transcripts and its peak activity in the early stages of fruit development suggests a division of NCED functions between the two enzymes.
Comparative analysis of the composition of sterols in embryogenic and nonembryogenic cell lines of Larix sibirica Ledeb.
Authors: Semenova Natalia V. , Shmakov Vladimir N. , Konstantinov Yurii M. , Dudareva Lyubov V.
Published: April 2024

The cell lines of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), possessing different embryogenic potential, were studied. Qualitative and quantitative content of sterol components was comparatively analyzed in their tissues with the help of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant differences in these parameters were found between both groups of the lines in fractions of free sterols and their esters. In addition to sterol compounds, squalen, which is a triterpenic intermediate in sterol biosynthesis, was revealed. Of free sterols, -sitosterol, campesterol, isofucosterol, and stigmasterol dominated in the embryogenic lines, while -sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol in nonembryogenic ones. The campesterol concentration was 1.31.9 times higher in the embryogenic than nonembryogenic lines. Since campesterol is a precursor of brassinosteroids, it is likely that its level is high due to an embryogenic state of these cell lines. Only the embryogenic lines contained appreciable amounts of isofucosterol. The fraction of sterol esters exhibited wider component diversity in the nonembryogenic than the embryogenic lines. In all the cell lines, among the identified sterol esters, the substances without double bonds, bearing, as a structural fragment, a sterane coreperhydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrenewere the most abundant. Their content ranged from 52 to 71% of the total amount of sterol esters. The revealed differences in the compositions of sterols and their esters, between the L. sibirica cell lines with different embryogenic potential, witness to the considerable rearrangements in sterol metabolism in the course of embryogenesis. The line-specific differences may indicate the involvement of these metabolites in formation of embryos.
FEATURES OF GROWTH AND INULIN CONTENT IN CALLUS CULTURES Cichorium intybus L. in vitro
Authors: Kirakosyana E. A. , Kirakosyana R. N. , Trukhacheva V. I. , Pankovaa M. G. , Sumina A. V.
Published: April 2024

In vitro callus cultures of common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) were obtained and their growth and biochemical characteristics depending on the hormonal composition of the MS medium and the spectral composition of light were studied. The study of the effect of light culture on callus tissue formation and inulin accumulation in it was carried out in opaque grow tents with radiation aligned with the flux density of pho- tosynthetic photons and different ratios of its levels in the region of 660 nm (R, red) and 730 nm (FR, far red). The control variant was placed under white linear fluorescent lamps. The resulting cultures were character- ized by high proliferative activity and the capability for morphogenesis. It has been established that the inter- action of two factors—the presence of auxins in the nutrient medium (IAA or NAA at a concentration of 7.5 mg/L in combination with BAP 0.5 mg/L) and cultivation under light culture conditions (FR R, FR = R, FR R)—had a significant impact on the biosynthetic potential of cell cultures. In the obtained cultures, a study of the quantitative content of inulin was carried out. It has been shown that the high content of inulin (7.55–7.95%) in callus cultures was on the MS medium in combination with IAA at FR R illumination. This is probably due to the fact that well proliferating and highly morphogenic callus tissue was formed under these conditions. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the specificity of cultured cells to in vitro synthesize and accumulate secondary metabolites in dedifferentiated cells and the dependence of this process on factors of chemical and physical nature.
INFLUENCE OF COPPER IONS ON GROWTH OF SMALL VASILISTNIK CELL CULTURE (THALICTRUM MINUS L.)
Authors: Osipova E. A.
Published: April 2024

Berberin compound with a wide range of biological activity, synthesized in the culture of cells of the medicinal plant Thalictrum minus. The influence of the abiotic elisitor (Cu2 +) on the growth of the Thalictrum minus cell culture and the biosynthesis of protoberberin alkaloids in it at different stages of the growth cycle was investigated. The rapid reaction (after 2 hours) and prolonged (at the end of the growth cycle) were evaluated. The greatest effect of increasing protoberberin alkaloids was observed after exposure to (Cu2 +) 20, 25 mg/L on day 0 after 2 hours, 49 and 114% above control, respectively, while maintaining growth at the control level. By the end of the growth cycle, cell mass and protoberberin alkaloids decreased by 67-70 and 27-53%, respectively (toxic effect). At 5 mg/L (Cu2 +), the reaction was the opposite.After 2 hours, 48% growth stimulation and 48% reduction in protoberberin alkaloids were observed with respect to control. By the end of the growth cycle, an excess of 50% was maintained, and the content of protoberberin alkaloids increased by 60% relative to control. If treatment with Cu2 + was carried out in the middle of the growth cycle, at a concentration of 20, 25 mg/L, both at the rapid reaction (after 2 hours) and at the end of the growth cycle, there was a decrease in growth by 65-71% and the content of protoberberin alkaloids by 52-70%. At 5 mg/l of copper ions, an excess of growth of 50-54% was maintained, the alkaloid content remained at the control level. The reaction at 10 mg/L of Cu2 + ions was intermediate. Studies have shown the promise of using low concentrations of copper ions for Thalictrum minus cell culture. The content of protoberberin alkaloids increased against the background of stimulation of cell culture growth at the end of the growth cycle.
The Membrane Nanodomain Flot1 Protein Participates in Formation
of the Early Endosomes in the Root Cells of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Khalilova L. A. , Voronkov A. S.
Published: April 2024

Plants are subjected to various stress factors within their lifespan. In this respect, the plasma membraneis a principal cell compartment responsible for plant adaptations to stresses. It is capable of remodelingits protein composition by means of endocytosis. In the plants, the main mode of this process is a clathrinmediatedendocytosis. Several clathrin-independent pathways are also known; these alternative mechanismsinvolve Flot1 protein. In the present research, the role of Flot1 in the endocytosis process was examined inseedling roots of a wild type and an Atflot1ko knockout mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Lightmicroscopy with an FM4-64 lipophilic probe and transmission electron microscopy were used. It was foundthat endocytosis was arrested in the root cells of the wild type after a simultaneous treatment of the roots withan inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (1-naphthylacetic acid) and the agent depleting the plasmamembrane of sterols (methyl-β-cyclodextrin). In this case, such morphological change as reduction in cytoplasmvesiculation (including the early endosomes, the small vesicles originated from the agranular ER, themicrovacuoles from its fragments, and the clathrin vesicles) was observed. The vesiculation was diminishedin both the control and the stressed plants (exposed to 100 mM NaCl). In the Atflot1ko mutant, the cisternsof the Golgi complex closed up to a ring, and the process of formation of the early endosomes was completelyabolished under these conditions. It is suggested that, in the roots of A. thaliana exposed to the inhibitors, themicrodomain-associated Flot1 protein of the plasma membrane conserves the structure of the Golgi complexand its capacity to build early endosomes on the trans-side. In addition, the protein appears to participate information of the early endosomes from the trans-Golgi network.
Molecular-genetic machanisms of resistance to broomrape in sunflower
Authors: Lebedeva M. A. , Gancheva M. S. , Losev M. R. , Krutikova A. A. , Plemyashov K. V. , Lutova L. A.
Published: April 2024

Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is an obligate parasitic plant that specifically infects sunflower and can cause significant yield losses. In this regard, obtaining sunflower varieties resistant to broomrape is an important task for agriculture. Sunflower breeding for resistance to broomrape was initiated in the beginning of the 20th century in USSR. However, the production of new resistant sunflower varieties was accompanied by the emergence of new virulent broomrape races that overcame the effect of resistance genes. For a number of sunflower genetic loci that determine resistance to broomrape, the location on the genetic map was determined, but only for some of them probable candidate genes were identified and the possible molecular mechanism of their action was described. In addition, transcriptomic data have recently been obtained for broomrape-resistant and susceptible sunflower varieties, which also makes it possible to get closer to understanding the molecular basis of resistance formation. This review focuses on molecular genetic mechanisms of sunflower resistance to broomrape, identified on the basis of genetic mapping of resistance loci, determination of probable candidate genes, as well as available transcriptomic data.
Effect of Acclimation to High Temperatures on the Mechanisms of Drought Tolerance in Species with Different Types of Photosynthesis: Sedobassia sedoides (C3–C4) and Bassia prostrata (C4-NADP)
Authors: Shuyskaya E. V. , Rakhmankulova Z. F. , Prokofieva M. Yu. , Kazantseva V. V. , Lunkova N. F. , Saidova L. T.
Published: April 2024

The effect of drought on the morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular genetic parameters of plants Sedobassia sedoides (Pall.) Freitag G. Kadereit with an intermediate C3–C4-type of photosynthesis and Bassia prostrata (L.) A.J. Scott with a C4-NADP type of photosynthesis grown at different temperatures (25 and 30°C) was studied. A decrease in the biomass, water content, and effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) of PSII, as well as an increase in the expression of the psbA gene encoding the PSII D1 protein under the action of drought, was observed in both species regardless of the growing temperature. Both species showed a decrease in the content of photosynthetic enzymes ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) under drought conditions at 25°С, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of the rbcL and PPDK genes in S. sedoides. Acclimation of S. sedoides plants to elevated temperatures led to an increase in the activity of cyclic electron transport around PSI, to mitigation of the negative effect of drought on the light reactions of photosynthesis (reduction in NPQ) and the content of the PEPC enzyme, as well as to a shift in the ionic balance caused by a decrease in the potassium content. B. prostrata showed greater drought resistance and was characterized by greater thermolability of photosynthetic enzymes, changes in the content and ratio of which allowed this species to maintain growth in drought conditions at different temperatures.
Management of Biosynthetic Potential of Aseptic Plants and Callus Cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. In Vitro
Authors: Cherednichenko M. Yu. , Polivanova O. B. , Khlebnikova D. A. , Slovareva O. Yu. , Kirakosyan R. N. , Kalashnikova E. A.
Published: April 2024

Callus cultures and microclones of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were obtained in vitro and their growth and biochemical characteristics were studied depending on the hormonal composition of the MS medium as well as on the addition of zinc ferrate nanoparticles (NPs) to the nutrient medium. During clonal micropropagation of samples, the advantage of various options for the composition of nutrient media was noted: adding NAA to the MS medium for the cultivars Lyubimchik and Vasilisk, IBA for the cultivar Fioletovy barkhat and the species sample from Germany, and IAA for species samples from Poland and Italy. It should be noted that plants of the purple-leaved cultivar Fioletovy barkhat preferred MS medium containing mineral salts at a concentration of ½ normal. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis put forward by various authors about the ability of microplants and basil callus cells to accumulate secondary metabolites as well as the possibility of controlling this process with the help of biological (mineral and hormonal composition of the nutrient medium) and physical (NP) elicitors. It was shown that the presence of zinc ferrate NPs in the MS medium contributed to the formation of callus tissue of different types of density and color. The addition of 25 μg/L NPs to the MS medium significantly increased the fresh biomass of callus tissue compared to other experimental options. In this variant, the growth index of callus tissue was the highest and amounted to 3.55. When the concentration of NPs increased to 50 μg/L, a decrease in the growth index was noted, which indicates their inhibitory effect on the proliferative activity of dedifferentiated cells. A comprehensive analysis of phenolic compounds was carried out in the resulting cell cultures. It was revealed that the accumulation of the total phenolics and flavonoids does not depend on the concentration of NPs in the MS medium.
HPLC-MS Analysis of Ginsenosides in Morphogenic Cell Cultures of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)
Authors: Gorpenchenko T. Yu. , Grigorchuk V. P. , Makhankov V. V. , Kochkin D. V. , Vologzhanina Yu. V. , Khandy M. T. , Chernoded G. K. , Zhuravlev Yu. N.
Published: April 2024

The composition of triterpene glycosides in different in vitro tissues of cell lines (PgR–rhizogenic and PgG–hemogenic) and roots of ginseng plants (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), grown on plantations in Primorsky Krai (Russian Federation) was determined using the HPLC-MS method. More than 60 triterpene glycosides have been detected and characterized. The maximum content of ginsenosides was identified in the leaves of the hemogenic line. The total amount of ginsenosides in the PgG line embryonic tissue was lower compared to all other samples studied mainly due to the amount of protopanaxadiols. In all parts of the PgR line, the content of protopanaxatriol Re was two times higher than in the root of the intact plant. A high content of protopanaxatriols and oleanolic ginsenosides was found in the basal parts of PgR and PgG calli. Thus, morphogenic cell lines not only repeated the pattern of qualitative ginsenosides composition in comparison with individual parts of native roots and leaves but also demonstrated an increase in their diversity and quantity.
Important Forest Areas of the Orel Region
Authors: Kiseleva L. L. , Parakhina E. A. , Silaeva Zh. G.
Published: April 2024

Important Forest Areas are core areas where natural complexes and their biodiversity are preserved. Forests in Orel Oblast are unevenly located. The forest cover is 8%. The following region’s districts, Dmitrovsky, Znamensky, Khotynetsky, and Mtsensky, are the most wooded ones with the forest cover making up 20 to 25%, whereas the lowest forest cover is found in the south-eastern districts Dolzhansky, Kolpnyansky, Livensky, and Pokrovsky, where this indicator barely exceeds 2.5%. The largest forest area has been preserved in the north-western part of the region under study. It belongs to the Orlovskoye Polesye National Park. Broad-leaved forests account for 19 243.42 ha (19.5%), and coniferous/broad-leaved forests account for 79,459.17 ha (80.5%). This study uses the route method, the method of geobotanical descriptions, and grid mapping. Having studied the Orel Oblast areas, we identified 34 Important Forest Areas with the highest diversity of rare and protected plants. There were 8 species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, and 58 species listed in the Red Data Book of Orel Oblast.
Use of Stimulants for Pre-Sowing Treatment of the Scots Pine Seeds
Authors: Kabanova S. A. , Kabanov A. N. , Kochegarov I. S. , Danchenko M. A. , Bortsov V. A. , Shakhmatov P. F.
Published: April 2024

For the cultivation of planting stock of forest-forming species, the measure most often used currently is the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with stimulants, which positively affects the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings, and for each region of the country the choice of growth substances is different. The aim of the research was to identify the optimal stimulant and soaking time during the pre–sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds (Pinus sylvestris L.). The objects of research were one- and two-year-old seedlings, growing in the forest nursery of the Shaldai branch of the State Forest Natural Reserve (SFNR) “Ertis Ormany” in the Pavlodar region. Three stimulants (Baikal, Zircon, Humate-7 trace substances) and the fungicide Trichocine were tested. The field germination of seeds, the number of plants per unit area and the height of seedlings were all studied. In the experiment with a combined usage of the stimulants and the Trichocine, the average height of pine yearlings was lower than that of control seedlings. But at the age of two years, the average height of seedlings in the two experiments exceeded the height of control seedlings by 20.8 and 1.4%. Thus, the prolonged effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the stimulants and the Trichocine on enhancing the growth and number of preserved seedlings per unit area at the age of two years has been proven. The data obtained from cluster and rank analyses showed that for the pre-sowing treatment of Scots pine seeds in the conditions of ribbon forests of the Irtysh region, the most optimal way was to soak the seeds in the Humate + 7 micronutrients for 12 hours together with the Trichocine (12 + 2 hours) in a concentration of 1.5 g of the stimulant and 0.6 g of the fungicide per 1 liter of water.
Forest Growing Conditions Affect the CO2 Emission from the Soil Surface in the Middle Taiga Pine Forests of the Komi Republic
Authors: Osipov A. F.
Published: April 2024

Obtaining the experimental data on soil respiration is relevant due to significant range of CO2 emission estimates in different ecosystems. The aim of work was to characterize CO2 emission from soil surface of pine forests growing in different conditions on North-East of European part of Russia. The studies have been carried out in immature and mature pine forests Sphagnosa, Myrtillus and Lichen types located in the Institute of biology of the Komi Science Center, RAS forest stations. Carbon dioxide emission was measured using LI COR 8100 during the May-October periods in 2008–2017. A brief weather conditions characteristic was given. Higher values of the CO2 flux from the soil surface was observed in July (1.9–2.9 g С m–2 day–1 in Sphagnosa type) and August (2.5–6.6 g С m–2 day–1 in Myrtillus and Lichen types). The year-to-year variability and influence of weather conditions on soil respiration were shown. The soil temperature had a close and positive relationship (R2 = 0.49–0.77) with CO2 emission whereas correlation with soil moisture was weak. During summertime the efflux of C-CO2 in a pine forest of Myrtillus type was 188–442 g C m–2, during the vegetation period (01.05–30.09) – 279–563 g C m–2 and the snowless period (01.05–31.10) – 308–583 g C m–2, which is 1.5–1.8 times higher than in the pine forests of Sphagnosa and Lichen types during the snowless period (р = 0.014) and growing season (р = 0.020). In summertime the losses of carbon were similar (р = 0.106). The pine forests of Sphagnosa and Lichen types were comparable in С-СО2 efflux both during the vegetation and the snowless periods (p 0.05). These data are important in assessing the expenditure part of the carbon balance in forest ecosystems in the European North-East of Russia.
Reproductive phenology of Milicia excelsa, Antiaris toxicaria, and Pouteria adolfi-friedericii in South West Ethiopia
Authors: Nigatu M. , Mulatu Y. , Seid M. A.
Published: April 2024

Deforestation and degradation of natural forests pose a challenge for the forest sector in Ethiopia. Gathering scientific data on the reproductive biology of selected timber species has now become important to develop seed production areas and establish forest management regimes. In this regard, this study is aimed at determining the reproductive phenology of three indigenous tree species. The time of leafing, flowering, and fruiting in the three indigenous timber tree species has been recorded for three years in South West Ethiopia. This study was conducted in natural forests of the Benchi-Maji zone (Debub Bench district). We selected three prioritized species, Milicia excelsa, Antiaris toxicaria, and Pouteria adolfi-friedericii, based on the severity of their depletion and relative timber values in the area and in the country at large. Over 20 reproductively healthy, mature, and average mother trees 10 cm wide in diameter at breast height and with easily visible crowns, located at a distance of 100 m from one another, were selected out of each species and marked with marking ink. We conducted continuous observations and recorded data on leafing, flowering, and fruiting every 15 days (twice every month). The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study indicates that the actual season when the seeds of Milicia excelsa are available for collection is once a year, from January to February. The results also showed that, for Antiaris toxicaria, the fruiting time is seasonal, and seeds become available for collection from early January up to the end of February. The fruiting time or the actual season when seeds of Pouteria adolfi-friedericii become available for collection is from May to June. Low-cost technologies (to establish seed production areas and domesticate the species) are recommended to be used for seed/seedling acquisition and distribution and preferable to reduce the destruction of the selected indigenous tree species.
Landscape Planning Organisation of the “Severny Les” Park of Voronezh
Authors: Kartashova N. P. , Kulakova E. N.
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the topic is due to the growth of urban agglomerations, resulting in the problem of preserving natural objects that perform important environmental, aesthetic, recreational functions. One of such objects is the “Severny Les” park, created in 2014, which has been chosen as the subject for the study. The park is located in the Kominternovsky district of Voronezh, its area is 51.57 hectares. The park has the status of a nature park, its territories (together with water areas) include natural complexes and objects of significant ecological and aesthetic value and intended for use in environmental protection, educational and recreational purposes. The main purpose of the study was to determine the recreational value of the park. In the work, recreational and sanitary-hygienic assessments were carried out, the stages of digression and the plantations’ stability classes were determined. The description of tree and shrub vegetation was given together with the identification of its condition. Based on the object’s complex assessment, functional zoning was developed, which made it possible to identify the problems of the territory, reveal its potential, and carry out basic transformations. A range of plants for the park’s landscaping was recommended, taking into account age and seasonal variability, decorativeness, resistance to the park’s conditions and anthropogenic stress.
Assessing the Amount of Force Necessary to Pick off Cones from Siberian Larch, Scots Pine and Siberian Pine Trees
Authors: Orlovskiy S. N. , Karnaukhov A. I.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of studies conducted in Eastern Siberia, dedicated to determining the amount of force required for detachment of Siberian larch, Scots pine and Siberian pine cones, which is one of the main indicators that determines the parameters of cone collecting machines and mechanisms for coniferous species. The pick-off force for the cones was measured at different collection times in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the crown and at different angles of pull-off force direction. The limits of these forces variability are: for the Scots pine – 23.5–48.1 N, for the Siberian larch – 27.5–42.2 N; for the Siberian pine – 3.9–7.8 N. The data obtained can serve as a basis for calculating the parameters of cone collecting mechanisation tools for the aforementioned species. When designing machines and mechanisms for collecting the coniferous trees’ cones, it is necessary to have initial data that determine the parameters of the working bodies. One of these parameters is the amount of effort required to separate the cones from the branches. The forces of detaching cones from trees in the European part of Russia were determined by a number of researchers. According to I.M. Zima with co-authors (1966), the force of detachment of cones in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is 41.2 N. According to I.A. Lavrov (1970), pine cones can be torn off with a force of 21.1 N, and the cones of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb) – with a force of 39.2 N. In Siberia, studies on the cones detachment were first carried out in 1970 by the laboratory of mechanization of the forest seeds collection and processing of the ASRIM forestry enterprise (Orlovsky et al., 2016). The detachment of Siberian larch, Scots pine and Siberian pine cones was studied in the forestry enterprises of the Krasnoyarsk and Altai regions and in the Republic of Tyva. The pull-off forces of Scots pine and Siberian larch cones were measured in the lower, middle, and upper parts of the crowns using dynamometers with a 0.1 N division value and with a maximum force recording device. The measurements were carried out along the branch, at an angle of 40°–50° and at an angle of 90° to the branch.
Antagonistic Strains of Pantoea brenneri as Plant Protectors
Authors: Bulmakova D. S. , Shagieva G. I. , Itkinaa D. L. , Leninа O. A. , Sharipova M. R. , Suleimanova A. D.
Published: April 2024

The antagonistic activity of Pantoea brenneri strains against a wide range of phytopathogenic threats was studied. It has been established that the strains are characterized by fungicidal activity against the micromycetes Fusarium sambucinum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria sp., Ascochyta kamchatica, Colletotrichum coccodes as well as antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen Erwinia amylovora, which causes bacterial burn of fruit trees. It has been shown that the cell suspension and supernatant of the culture liquid of Pantoea brenneri strains suppress Fusarium on potato tubers during storage. Pantoea brenneri strains have been found to be safe for model animals. A conclusion was made about the prospects of using P. brenneri strains as objects for the creation of environmentally friendly plant protection products against phytopathogens.
New Data on Distribution of Pleurotus abieticola (Pleurotaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Russia
Authors: Palamarchuk M. A. , Kirillov D. V. , Shadrin D. M.
Published: April 2024

Here, we present information about the findings of Pleurotus abieticola in the territory of the northeast of the European part of Russia and the western macroslope of the Northern Urals within the borders of the Komi Republic (Russia). P. abieticola is a rare species found in Europe (Czech Republic, Finland, Poland, Russia), Asia (China, Eastern Siberia, Far East, Korea) and North America (Alaska). In Russia, several locations are known in the Leningrad Region, Krasnoyarsk and Primorye Territories. Comparison of the ITS nucleotide sequences of several collected specimens of P. abieticola with the data deposited in the GenBank database showed 98.2–100% similarity with P. abieticola specimens from other parts of the range (Southern Siberia, Far East, China). The article presents a description of basidiomata, photographs of microstructures, clarified features of morpho-logy, and provides information on the distribution and ecology of this species.
Peculiarities of Rotational Bands in Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei: Description of Yrast-Band States in 248Cm
Authors: Efimov A. D. , Izosimov I. N.
Published: April 2024

A further development of the expanded microscopic version of the IBM is presented by considering two-quasiparticle phonons with multipolarity up to J = 14+J. The developed theoretical scheme is applied to describe the properties of the yrast-band states in 248Cm up to spin 34+. This heavy transactinide nucleus is the only nucleus in this mass region where the values of B(E2) up to spin I = 28+ are measured. That is why it is considered foremost, because this information allows testing the presented theoretical scheme based on a larger volume of experimental data. The region of transactinide nuclei differs from lighter ones by the absence of the effect of the back bending in the moment of inertia dependence on the square of the rotation frequency up to the spin I = 28+. This article is intended in particular to find out the reason for this effect. Peculiar properties of the rotational bands in heavy and superheavy nuclei are discussed.