bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creation of wear-resistant layers on steels using TIG electric arc surface remelting process with applying CaCN2-based nitriding powder
Authors: Kováč Ivan , Mikuš Rastislav , Žarnovský Jozef , Drlička Róbert , Harničárová Marta , Valíček Jan , Kadnár Milan
Published: August 2022

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) electric arc welding process was used for surface remelting of nitriding powder applied on selected steel grades. The influence of remelting on the chemical composition and microstructure changes in the remelted area of selected steels (25CrMo4, 30CrMoV9, 41CrAlMo7) with different content of nitride-forming elements (Al, V) was investigated to improve hardness and abrasion wear resistance. Nitriding powder Pulnierpulver based on calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) was used in remelting. Hardness measurements and determination of abrasive wear resistance on an abrasive cloth with Al2O3 particles were performed. The microstructures of the remelted layers, as well as the worn areas, were observed by SEM. The presence of nitrogen in the remelted layers was proved by EDX analysis. A significant increase of hardness and abrasive wear resistance was achieved up to a depth of 1–1.5 mm from the surface in the case of all steels through remelting process. These results obtained can be attributed to the significant effect of nitrogen on the hardenability increasing of remelted layers and alloying martensite with nitrogen. The most significant growths of both parameters investigated were achieved in 25CrMo4 steel, for which the most significant nitrogen enrichment was found. The presented process of TIG surface remelting with powders containing a particular element represents a cheap, affordable, and fast way of forming surface layers with improved hardness and wear resistance.
Is pinworm infection still a public health concern among children in resource-rich region? The prevalence and time-trend analysis of pinworm infection among school-aged children in Hualien County, Taiwan: A retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Chao , Wang Jen-Hung , Chu Chia-Hsiang , Chang Yu-Hsun , Chang Yung-Chieh , Jan Rong-Hwa , Chu Shao-Yin , Yang Shang-Hsien , Chen Jui-Shia , Chen Ming-Chun
Published: August 2022

Background: Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is a common parasitic intestinal infection in children. A gradual decrease in prevalence of pinworm infection has been noted in resource-rich settings, such as Taiwan. However, the inﬂuence of socio-demographic factors on the temporal trend in pinworm infection rates in children under the current pinworm infection prevention policy in Taiwan is not well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the trend of pinworm infection prevalence and the associated socio-demographic risk factors among children in Hualien County, Taiwan.Methodology: This retrospective longitudinal study included school-aged children in Hualien during 2009–2018. Children were screened for pinworm infection using adhesive cellophane perianal swabs while they were in grades 1 and 4 in school. The factors associated with pinworm infection were analyzed. Trend analysis of pinworm infection rate stratified by sex and residential setting (urban, suburban, and rural) were also performed.Results: A total of 90,730 school-aged children from grades 1 and 4 during 2009–2018 were included. Young age and male sex were risk factors for pinworm infection (P < 0.001). Negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and enterobiasis was observed and decreased pinworm infection was noted during the study reference period. Children in suburban and rural areas had higher odds ratio for pinworm infection than those in urban areas (suburban: 1.45; rural: 5.27; P < 0.001 for both). Trend analysis revealed a significant decrease in the overall pinworm prevalence rate during 2009–2018 (P for trend: <0.001). However, there was no obvious change of pinworm infection rate in rural areas during this period (P = 0.953), and it was higher than that in urban and suburban areas.Conclusions: Risk factors for pinworm infection included young age, male, and BMI. High pinworm infection among school-age children in rural areas of Hualien is still an important issue.
SBA-15 and carbon supported nickel, heteropoly acid catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derived trans-Anethole to sustainable aviation fuel
Authors: Kannan Siva , Arumugam Pandurangan , Govindasamy Gopalakrishnan , arumugam pandurangan
Published: August 2022

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin derivatives is the important means of producing alkyl aromatics and cycloalkanes, key components of 100% sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). Mono and bi-functional catalysts of nickel (Ni) and heterophosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on SBA-15 and carbons were prepared, characterized and evaluated for the HDO of lignin derived trans-anethole. The SBA-15 structure was intact but its surface area and pore volume decreased with the incorporation of Ni and HPW. UV-Visible DRS and XPS confirmed the presence of Nio and Ni2+ in the bi-functional catalysts. FTIR spectra of pyridine adsorbed Ni(10)-HPW(10)/SBA-15 catalyst has shown the presence of both Brønsted and Lewis acid (Ni2+) sites and hence its acidity was higher than mono functional HPW/SBA-15 catalyst as indicated by the ammonia TPD studies. The synergy between them might be the possible reason for the higher and stable conversion over bi-functional catalysts besides higher HDO selectivity, and more importantly selectivity for propyl benzene and propyl cyclohexane, the desired components of 100% SAF, compared to mono functional catalysts. Among the bi-functional catalysts, best catalytic performance was observed over Ni(10)-HPW(10)/SBA-15 due to its mean Ni particle size of 31.02 nm which is large enough for co-adsorption of hydrogen and benzene ring of propyl benzene may possibly be the reason for its highest selectivity to propyl cyclohexane by following the hydrogenation mechanical pathway. Optimum temperature for maximum conversion and, HDO selectivity was found to be 400oC for the bi-functional catalysts. Carbon supported Ni-HPW catalysts have shown lower selectivity for HDO, thus mesoporous SBA-15 was found to be advantageous.
Unveiling the Causal Mechanisms within Multidimensional Poverty
Authors: Grueso Hernando
Published: August 2022

This paper combines machine learning and econometrics to explore the relationship between multidimensional poverty components and violence in Colombia. First, I create a directed acyclic graph (DAG) using Bayesian networks and census data to predict how multidimensional poverty components are interrelated. I find that minimum living standards— measured in terms of access to water, connection to the sewage system, and the quality of walls and floors—are strong predictors of the education and health dimensions of poverty. Second, I use the DAG output to identify potential instrumental variables (IV) that may be used to test the effect of multidimensional poverty on a household’s likelihood to be a victim of violence. Illiteracy is predicted by a complex set of poverty indicators in the DAG, yet it seems to be the only connecting point between multidimensional poverty and violence showing potential to meet the validity assumptions in an IV approach. Using 2SLS, I show that having an illiterate person within a household increases by 0.4% the household’s likelihood to be a victim of violence.
Empowering Episodic Memory through a model-based Egocentric Navigational Training
Authors: Fragueiro Agustina , Tosoni Annalisa , Matteo Rosalia Di , Committeri Giorgia
Published: August 2022

Recent works have proposed that spatial mechanisms in the hippocampal-entorhinal system might have originally developed to represent distances and positions in the physical space and successively evolved to represent experience and memory in the mental space (Bellmund et al., 2018; Bottini and Doeller, 2020). Within this phylogenetic continuity hypothesis (Buzsáki and Moser, 2013), mechanisms supporting episodic and semantic memory would have evolved from egocentric and allocentric spatial navigation mechanisms, respectively. Recent studies have described a specific relationship between human performance in egocentric navigation and episodic memory (Committeri et al., 2020; Fragueiro et al., 2021), representing the first behavioral support to this hypothesis. Here, we tested the causal relationship among egocentric navigation and both episodic and semantic components of declarative memory. We conducted two experiments on healthy young adults: in the first experiment, participants were submitted to a navigational training, while in the second experiments participants completed a visual perceptual training. Performance in a set of memory tasks assessing episodic, semantic and short-term memory was compared among the pre- vs. post-training sessions. Results showed a specific, causal effect of the navigational training on episodic memory, as performance in this task, but not in semantic or in short-term memory tasks, was significantly improved in the post-training session. On the contrary, the visual perceptual training did not cause any improvement of the memory performance.Our findings do not only provide strong support to the phylogenetic continuity hypothesis between mechanisms of spatial navigation and memory but also offer insights for possible clinical applications.
The Association Between Infertility and Highly Educated Working Women and its Residence-Wise Prevalence: Insights from India
Authors: Singh Brijesh P. , Singh Tanya
Published: August 2022

Background
At the present time, after giving birth to one or two, couples usually use some method of family planning. But if women are unable to conceive a child, known as infertility, is a medical problem and carries serious demographic, social, as well as health consequences. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the relationship between infertility and highly educated working women after controlling for certain socioeconomic and demographic variables and efforts have been made to see this difference between urban and rural residing women.
Methods
The information about infertile women is collected from 40,401 currently married women aged 20–35 in India using National Family Health Survey data conducted in 2015-16. Bivariate analysis along with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression is used to access the relationship of our objective.
Results
Findings of the bivariate analysis revealed that among 40,401 currently married women 3782 (9.4%) women are infertile in India. Out of 3782 infertile women, 1242 (10.7%) reside in urban and 2540 (8.8%) in rural areas. Findings of logistic regression analysis show that women are 20% more likely to be infertile if they are highly educated as well as have a job. When we saw this interaction effect by place of residence, we found that women living in urban areas had a 1.32 (95% CI 1.126–1.876) times increased likelihood of infertility compared with those without this interaction effect whereas rural women had an increased likelihood of infertility by 1.06 (95% CI 1.008–1.536) times. Respondent’s age and overweight were also found to be positively associated factors of infertility in urban as well as rural areas. Although the wealth index is only a potential predictor of infertility in urban areas, its effect on infertility in rural areas is minor.
Conclusions
In India education and wealth index both are increasing day by day. Due to the increasing level of education and other knowledge in society, we observe age at marriage is also increasing particularly in the urban areas, also the intention to have less number of children in the highly educated and higher socio-economic status groups is observed, and this creates another medical burden called infertility which is an emerging issue across the world, especially in India. In fact, Infertility is not only a medical burden but also affects the married life of women. Thus, there is a need to focus on this issue and make people aware of it through various programs.
­­­­­COVID-19 vaccination responses with different vaccine platforms in patients with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Erra Lorenzo , Uriarte Ignacio Leandro , Colado Ana , Paolini María Virginia , Seminario Gisela , Fernández Julieta , Tau Lorena , Bernatowiez Juliana , Moreira Ileana , Vishnopolska Sebastián , Rumbo Martín , Cassarino Chiara , Vijoditz Gustavo , López Ana Laura , Curciarello Renata , Rodríguez Diego , Rizzo Gastón , Ferreyra Malena , Mufarregue Leila Romina Ferreyra , Badano María Noel , Millán María Inés Pérez , Quiroga María Florencia , Baré Patricia , Ibañez Itatí , Pozner Roberto , Borge Mercedes , Docena Guillermo , Bezrodnik Liliana , Almejun María Belén
Published: August 2022

Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) in Argentina were encouraged to receive licensed Sputnik, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Moderna, and Pfizer vaccines, even though most of the data on available vaccines comes from trials conducted in healthy individuals. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the different vaccines in IEI patients in Argentina.
The study cohort included adults and pediatric IEI patients (n=118) and age-matched healthy-controls (HC) (n=37). Samples were collected before, 28+/-3 days after the first and the second dose of the vaccine. B-cell response was evaluated by measuring IgG anti-Spike(S)/ receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid(N) antibodies by ELISA. Neutralization antibodies were also assessed with an alpha-S protein-expressing pseudo-virus assay. The T-cell response was analyzed by IFN-γ secretion on S or N-stimulated PBMC by ELISPOT and the frequency of S-specific circulating T follicular-helper cells (TFH) was evaluated by flow cytometry.
No moderate/severe vaccine-associated adverse events were observed. Regarding the antibody response, anti-S/RBD titers showed significant differences in both pediatric and adult IEI patients versus the age-matched HC cohort (p<0.05). Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 71/99 patients and were also significantly lower in the patient cohort than age-matched HC (p<0.01). Positive S-specific IFN-γ response was observed in 84.5% of IEI patients and 82.1% presented S-specific TFH cells.
In conclusion, COVID-19 vaccines showed safety in IEI patients and, although immunogenicity was lower than HC, they showed specific anti-S/RBD IgG, neutralizing antibody titers and T-cell-dependent cellular immunity with IFN-γ secreting T-cells. These findings may guide the recommendation of vaccination in IEI patients to prevent COVID-19 disease .
Origins and Distribution of Hellenistic and Late Republican Transport Amphorae in the Dalmatian Region and its Implications for Adriatic Trade and Economy
Authors: Miše Maja , Quinn Patrick Sean
Published: August 2022

The presence of Hellenistic and Late Republican transport amphorae at numerous sites along the Adriatic and within shipwrecks off the coast indicate that intense trade and/or exchange in commodities such as olive oil and wine took place in this region from the 4th until 1st century BC. The details of this commercial activity are nevertheless unclear in terms of the sources, destinations, and routes via which transport containers and their contents were circulated. The present study brings compositional data to bear on this topic by analysing petrographically and geochemically 248 amphorae sherds from 15 sites along the Dalmatian coast of present-day Croatia, including production sites, places of consumption and shipwrecks. This revealed the existence of several larger amphora workshops whose amphorae were used to export goods to Dalmatia during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. They were involved in direct trade or through intermediaries in the redistribution centres. In the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, only one workshop supplied amphorae in the region, which is probably the Dalmatian town of Issa. Aspects of the regional and inter-regional distribution and redistribution of amphorae from these workshops has been reconstructed, as well as changes within the trading system over time.
Multimodal Epigenetic Sequencing Analysis (MESA) of Cell-free DNA for Non-invasive Cancer Detection
Authors: Li Wei , Li Yumei , Xu Jianfeng , Chen Chaorong , Gu Yang-kui , Lu Zhenhai , Li Diange , Li Jason , Sorg Allison , Roberts Curt , Mahajan Shivani , Gallant Maxime , Taggart David
Published: August 2022

Multimodal characterization of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood can enable the sensitive and non-invasive detection of human cancers but remains technically challenging and costly. Here, we developed Multimodal Epigenetic Sequencing Analysis (MESA), a flexible and sensitive method of capturing and integrating multimodal epigenetic information of cfDNA using a single experimental assay, i.e., non-disruptive bisulfite-free methylation sequencing, such as Enzymatic Methyl-seq (EM-seq) and TET-assisted pyridine borane sequencing (TAPS). MESA can simultaneously infer four epigenetic modalities, namely cfDNA methylation, nucleosome occupancy, nucleosome fuzziness, and fragmentation profile for regions surrounding gene promoters and polyadenylation sites (PASs). When applied to 462 cfDNA samples from 2 independent clinical cohorts for colon cancer, new modalities (e.g., nucleosome fuzziness) and genomic features (e.g., PASs) introduced in MESA are highly complementary or superior to conventional ones, such as promoter DNA methylation, for cancer detection. Furthermore, MESA’s integrated analysis of multimodal epigenetic features significantly improved the detection accuracy for colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers compared to single modality models. Together, MESA captures additional and highly complementary epigenetic information from cfDNA without additional experimental assays, highlighting the importance and clinical potential of using multimodal epigenetic features for non-invasive cancer detection.
Study of the Curling of Tensile Test Specimens from the 6xxx Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Authors: Hwang Yeong-Maw , Chen Pao Sung
Published: August 2022

The 6xxx Al-Mg-Si heat-treatable alloy is lightweight, has good formability before baking-hardening, and enhanced strength after baking. The aluminum alloy is to replace steel in many automotive stamping sheet metal parts. However, under the normal hot rolling process, 6xxx aluminum alloy is prone to surface roping defects, owing to the uneven texture in the thickness direction. Aluminum with severe roping can also produce curling of the specimen in a uniaxial tensile test. The literature and related phenomena infer that the material thickness direction does not have a uniform r-value. The r-value measured by the test machine does not represent the actual whole r-value of the material. Therefore, in this paper, the actual r-values of the top and bottom surfaces of the material are derived from the geometry of the curl of the specimen. An alkali etching method is developed to layer the aluminum sheet's thickness. The layer is used for tensile testing to verify the aluminum sheet's actual r-value and derive the difference in r-value. Then, experiments and numerical simulations are used to show that the variation of thickness direction r is the leading cause of curl in the tensile specimen. Furthermore, we use numerical simulation to evaluate the difference in r-value of an aluminum sheet in each thickness layer and the effect of thickness layer on curl, and then make a reasonable explanation and correction of the difference between tensile test and simulation. Using this method, we can obtain a more accurate r-value as the material parameter for each thickness direction of an aluminum sheet, which certainly improves the accuracy of numerical simulation and analysis for other forming processes.
Insights into fundamental problems of rockburst under the modern structure stress field
Authors: Rong Hai , Li Nannan , Zhang Hongwei , Sun Dequan
Published: August 2022

Rockburst is one of the most severe dynamic disasters in coal mines. In this paper, the discrimination method of tectonic stress field is proposed by analyzing the Chinese modern stress field. The tectonic stress field formed by modern tectonic movement guides in-situ stress measurement. According to the stress state classification, the most rockburst coal mines in China are closely associated with tectonic stress. For the tectonic stress-driven rockburst, modern tectonic movement and modern tectonic stress field must be considered. The stress change and energy transfer caused by tectonic movement affect the geological structure where coal mines are located. Energy accumulation under rockburst conditions are mainly formed by natural geo-dynamic movement and mining configuration, and energy accumulation is the base of rockburst. The application of geo-dynamic environment evaluation method to determine the coalfield geo-dynamic process and the influence of modern tectonic movement is proposed. Accordingly, the classification method of rockburst coal mines is established. Based on the distribution characteristics of the modern tectonic condition in China, it is revealed that the dynamic disasters follow “110” distribution. Finally, a “three conditions” criterion of rockburst is proposed, namely, geo-dynamic environment is a necessary condition of rockburst, mining disturbance is a sufficient condition of rockburst, and risk-releasing measure is a controlling condition of rockburst risk mitigation.
Modeling the Forming Process by Successive Local Deforming for Monolithic Stiffened Panels
Authors: Sikulskiy Valeriy , Sikulskyi Stanislav , Maiorova Kateryna , Dyachenko Yuri
Published: August 2022

The study considers a method for forming stiffened monolithic panels by local deformation of the panel ribs. The local deformation is caused by bending moments along the rib towards each other. The goal of the study is to numerically model the forming process of the stiffened monolithic panel utilizing the designed local-impact tool and analyze its effects on the panel, obtaining which experimentally is challenging. The finite element method (FEM) modeling is performed in ANSYS and validated by the experimental forming of a panel made of aluminum alloy analogous to Al 2024. Simulation results provide deformation, stress, and strain distributions along the panel in loaded and unloaded states for various study cases. Furthermore, the effects of finite panel length, width, and forming process parameters such as applied force couples and single versus successive deformation are numerically investigated and discussed. Performed modeling demonstrates the advantages of the forming with the designed tool in terms of low residual stresses and their distribution. Finally, the analysis suggests future modification of the tool, particularly the shape of its grips, to minimize local residual stress concentrations.
Minimally-invasive cardiac surgery. A bibliometric analysis: A tool to identify key research and facilitate advances training
Authors: Karsan Rickesh Bharat , Allen Rhian , Powell Arfon , Beattie Gwyn William
Published: August 2022

Background:The number of citations an article receives is a marker of its scientific influence within a particular specialty. This bibliometric analysis intended to recognise the top 100 cited articles in Minimally-invasive Cardiac Surgery, to determine the fundamental subject areas that have borne considerable influence upon clinical practice and academic knowledge. This is increasingly relevant in a continually advancing specialty and one where minimally-invasive cardiac procedure have the potential for huge benefits to patient outcomes.Methods:The Thompson Reuters Web of Science citation index database was searched with the following terms: [Minimal* AND Invasive* AND Card* AND Surg*]. Results were limited to full text English language manuscripts and ranked by citation number. Further analysis of the top 100 cited articles was carried out according to subject, author, publication year, journal, institution and country of origin.Results:A total of 2567 eligible manuscripts were retrieved. Of the top 100 papers, the median (range) citation number was 101 (414-51). The most cited paper by Lichtenstein et al. (2006) published in Circulation with 414 citations focused on transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation as a viable alternative to aortic valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass in selected patients with aortic stenosis. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery published the most papers and received the most citations (n=35; 3036). The United States of America had the most publications and citations (n=52; 5303), followed by Germany (n=27; 2598). Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, published the most papers of all institutions. Minimally-invasive valve surgery (n=42) and coronary artery bypass surgery (n=30) were the two most frequent topics.Conclusions:This work establishes a comprehensive and informative analysis of the most influential publications in minimally-invasive cardiac surgery and outlines what constitutes a citable article. Undertaking a quantitative evaluation of the top 100 papers aids in recognising the contributions of key authors and institutions as well as guiding future efforts in this field to continually improve the quality of care offered to complex cardiac patients.Trial registration:Not applicable
Childhood Trauma and Psychological Sub-Health Among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Internet Addiction
Authors: Yang Meng , Sheng Xuanlian , Ge Menglin , Zhang Ling , Huang Cui , Cui Shu , Yuan Qiuyu , Ye Mengting , Zhou Ruochen , Cao Panpan , Peng Ran , Zhou Xiaoqin , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2022

Background. The factors related to psychological sub-health (PSH) have been widely described, but the research on the mechanism behind the complex relationship between childhood trauma and PSH is limited. This study investigated the current situation and risk factors of PSH among Chinese adolescents, and explores the direct influence of childhood trauma on PSH. And hypothesizes that Internet addiction (IA) plays a mediating effect between childhood trauma and PSH. Methods. The mental health survey was conducted in China's Anhui Province in October 2020. Childhood trauma, IA and PSH were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescent (MSQA). Our hypothesis is further verified by the structural equation model (SEM).Results. In this study, 866 adolescents were selected as subjects, the prevalence of PSH in adolescents was 25.8%, and left-behind children, boarding or adolescents who have had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are more likely to have PSH. In addition, 57.5% and 23.2% of the participants reported childhood trauma and IA, both of which had a direct impact on PSH and increased the risk of PSH by about 2 times (OR=1.95, CI=1.32~2.89, P < 0. 01) and 5 times (OR=5.20, CI=3.55~7.60, P < 0. 01), respectively. The SEM showed that the fitting condition of the model is good (CMIIN/DF = 1.139, GFI=0.998, TLI=0.999, CFI=1.00, RMSEA=0.013). The SEM results revealed that childhood trauma predicted PSH directly or indirectly through IA. IA has been confirmed to have partial mediating effects between childhood trauma and PSH. Conclusions. Childhood trauma has direct and indirect effects on PSH, and IA plays a mediating role in the indirect effect. Therefore, clarifying these relationships is helpful in formulating and implement effective interventions to improve psychological health (PH) in Chinese adolescents.
Antibiotic prescription after tooth extraction in adults: a retrospective cohort study in Austria
Authors: Rezaei Safoura Sheikh , Litschauer Brigitte , Anderle Karolina , Maurer Stephanie , Beyers Patrick Jan , Reichardt Berthold , Wolzt Michael
Published: August 2022

Background
Broad spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed for the prophylaxis of infectious endocarditis and treatment of odontogenic infections. As antibiotic resistance is increasing, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic prescription pattern of tooth extractions by dentists in Austria.
Methods
Data from patients with dental extraction between 2014 and 2018 were selected from a database of a regional health insurance fund. We created three data sets, one based on all tooth extractions, one on multiple teeth extractions, and one including only single tooth extraction. The prescription pattern of antibiotic medicine as well as endocarditis risk factors were analysed.
Results
From 43,863 patients with tooth extraction, 53% were female, and 3,983 patients (9,1%) filled a prescription for antibiotic medicine. From 43,863 patients, 157 patients (0.4%) had endocarditis risk, but only 8 patients of these (5.1%) filled an antibiotic prescription. In total, 9,234 patients had multiple and 34,437 patients had only one tooth extraction. Patients with more than one tooth extraction received more often antibiotic treatment (10,7%) compared to those with single tooth extractions (χ2 = 36; p < 0,001). There was no relationship with endocarditis risk status. Clindamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic medicines.
Conclusions
In this retrospective cohort study, dentists did not discriminate prophylactic antibiotic prescription with regard to endocarditis risk status. A factor influencing prescribing behaviour was the number of extracted teeth.
Relevance of the Pyroptosis-Related Inflammasome drug targets in the Chuanxiong to improve Diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li ChangYan , Ma JingYuan , Mali Niroj , Zhang Le , Wei Tao , Shi LuYao , Liu Fang , wenxing Fan , Yang Jing
Published: August 2022

Background: A chronic inflammatory disease caused by disturbances in metabolism, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pyroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in many inflammation-related diseases, including DN. Therefore, pyroptosis could be a promising target for DN therapy.Methods: To get the components and pharmacodynamic targets of Chuanxiong, we identified by searching TCMID, TCMSP, ETCM, and HERB databases. And then, from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) and gene ontology (GO) Database, pyroptosis genes were collected. Identification of critical genes in DN by bioinformatics analysis and then using the ConsensusClusterPlus package to divide the express data of diff genes into four subgroups with different levels of pyroptosis. Furthermore, after determining the changes in the target protein of Chuanxiong in different cell pyroptosis states, the WGCNA machine algorithm was used to simulate the mechanism Chuanxiong improving DN. Results: In this study, we found DHCR24, ANXA1, HMOX1, CDH13, ALDH1A1, LTF, CHI3L1, CACNB2, and MTHFD2 interacted with the diff genes of DN. We used GSE96804 as a validation set to evaluate the changes of APIP CASP6, CHMP2B, CYCS, DPP8, and TP53 in four different cell proapoptotic states. WGCNA analysis showed that DHCR24, CHI3L1, and CACNB2 had significant changes in different cell proapoptotic levels, which indicates that these genes are involved in the regulation of coke death. In the experimental stage, we also confirmed that the active ingredients of Chuanxiong could improve the inflammatory state and the levels of pyroptosis under high glucose.Conclusion: the improvement of DN by Chuanxiong is related to the change of pyroptosis.
Machining error model for full machining process of thread milling
Authors: Fan Yuanhao , Ren Junxue , Hu Zihua , Tang Yiran
Published: August 2022

Thread milling is increasingly used in engineering manufacturing because of its advantages, but there must be error in the thread due to the machining principle. In response to this problem, this paper discussed the causes of thread milling error and established machining error model for the full machining process of thread milling. Firstly, geometric model of thread milling is developed based on the parametric definition of the cutter tooth surface, thread surface and tool-path. Then, based on the cutter motion characteristics of the thread milling penetration-retraction segments and machining segment, the machining error model is established. The calculation of machining error is transformed into solving for the relationship between the position of the intersection of the cutter profile line and the thread profile line generated in the cross section, which means that the three-dimensional problem is transformed into the two-dimensional problem. Finally, the proposed model is proven via thread milling experiments. The simulation results of machining error agree well with the experimental results, which proves the correctness and validity of the model. The model provides theoretical support for further research into thread milling machining error.
Body image disturbances in obesity and the outcome of weight loss programs – an Italian prospective study
Authors: Nogueira Violeta , Tarlarini Patrizia , Tajani Marcella , Ramos Filipe , Severino Eduardo , Domingues Tiago Dias , Corradi Ettore
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Whereas body image disturbance has been associated with the development and maintenance of obesity and binge-eating disorder, regarding its role in successful weight loss, the research is very limited. Therefore, the present study primarily aims to clarify the association of different components of body image disturbance and psychopathology in obesity with different outcomes of standard weight loss programs.
Methods
Our data was obtained from a larger prospective study and from two time points – before and after completing the standard weight loss program. We selected 88 patients that lost more than 5% of their initial weight, distributed in two groups: 5% weight loss (5%-WL) group and 10%-WL group if more than 10% of WL was achieved. We assessed socio-demographic characteristics, Body-Mass Index (BMI) scores, general psychopathology, and body image disturbances via self-reported questionnaires, including Body Uneasiness Test (BUT).
Results
Our main results confirm the association between less successful weight loss with overvaluation of weight and shape, avoidance behaviour, and body-related checking behaviour scores. Higher BMI scores were associated with body uneasiness global scores, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism.
Conclusions
Our findings emphasize the importance of accessing and treating body image disturbance in obese patients undergoing weight loss programs, improving its outcomes.
Africanized honey bee colonies in Costa Rica: First evidence of its management, brood nest structure and factors associated with varroa mites infestation
Authors: Calderón-Fallas Rafael A. , Veen Johan W. Van , Olate-Olave Verónica R. , Verde Mayda , Doorn Marnix , Vallejos Leslie , Orozco-Delgado Juan Vicente
Published: August 2022

Management, brood nest structure and factors associated with varroa mites infestation were studied in 60 apiaries of Africanized honey bees in the northwest region of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Apiaries were monitored two times. The first monitoring was taken forward between May and November 2019 (rainy season) and the second one between February and March 2020 (dry season). Information about the beekeepers, apiaries and management was collected through a survey. Amount of open and capped brood, honey and pollen were registered. The infestation rate of varroa was measured using standard laboratory methods. A determination of multi-residue pesticides in bee bread was made through GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. According to the results, most of the beekeepers produce honey (96.7%), participate in training activities (82.2%), and change the bee queens annually (70.0%). The first monitoring was characterized by a lower amount of capped brood and honey reserves than the second one. Varroa mites infestation was significantly higher in the first monitoring (6.0 ± 0.4) in comparison with the second one (3.0 ± 0.3) (U Mann-Whitney p < 0.001). The maximum value for the first monitoring exceeds 40.0%, while this value was close to 25.0% in the second monitoring. Mite infestation had direct correlations with the distance of near apiaries and the presence of perforated capping brood, while it had inverse correlations with the nuclei formation and training activities. Furthermore, twenty-three bee bread samples presented one to five pesticide residues, being the most frequent antifungal agrochemicals.
Outcomes after Frey's procedure for chronic pancreatitis: A 8-year single-center experience in Colombia
Authors: González Juliana , Ayala Daniela , Caballero Nicolás , Chaves Carlos Eduardo Rey , Conde Danny , Olarte Juan Carlos Sabogal
Published: August 2022

Background Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible morphological changes due to chronic pancreatic fibrosis. The treatment goals are to relieve pain, preserve function, and prevent further pathological consequences. Endoscopic treatment, surgery, or both are options for untreatable pain or suspected malignancy. Frey procedure is a reasonable surgical intervention because of its hybrid character, combining resection and drainage. Unfortunately, there is limited information about the outcomes of this procedure in Latin America, and few cases described in Colombia. This study aims to describe the experience of Colombia's population undergoing Frey's surgery for chronic pancreatitis in a high complexity center experience treating this disease. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent a Frey procedure due to chronic pancreatitis between January 2014 to February 2022 in a high complexity center in Bogotá, Colombia, was made. A demographic, clinical and postoperative outcome description was performed. Logistic regression and t-test analysis was performed when appropriate between operative variables and long-term outcomes. Results Eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria. 55.5 % of patients were male. Chronic pancreatitis etiology in most cases (83.3% n=15) was idiopathic. The mean duration of symptoms and chronic pancreatitis diagnosis before surgery was 18.6 ± 26.9 months. Overall morbidity was 38.88%. One patient died at 30 days of follow-up. The median follow-up time was 42.5 (IQR 19;65 months). The mean pain reduction was 3.3 ± 1.02 points according to the visual analog score. Six patients were diagnosed with malignant conditions after surgery (mean 27.8 ± 7.5 months). A protective exposure is present in patients with duct diameter < 6 mm. (OR 0.6 CI 95% 0-0.9).ConclusionAccording to our data, Frey's procedure remains safe and feasible, with acceptable outcomes in terms of pain relief and pancreatic function. The study confirms the importance of a longstanding follow-up due to an inherent risk of pancreatic malignancy. Our data suggest that pancreatic duct size < 6 mm at the moment of the procedure was related to a lesser risk of pancreatic cancer; however, further prospective studies with a larger sample size would be helpful to confirm these results.
Preliminary Data on Essential and Non-Essential Elements Occurrence in Processed Animal Proteins from Insects
Authors: Pederiva Sabina , Avolio Rosa , Marchis Daniela , Abete Maria Cesarina , Squadrone Stefania
Published: August 2022

Insects represent a valuable and environmentally friendly protein alternative in food and feed. The Farm to Fork strategy encouraged the reintroduction of animal by-products in feed production to optimize recycling and to valorise under-used resources. In order to grant safe and valuable feed products, this study investigated the black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) chemical risk.Samples collected in different steps of production (8 samples of substrate for culturing, 7 samples of larvae, 15 samples of protein meal, 18 samples of spent substrate) were analysed for essential elements (chromium, copper, iron, nickel, selenium and zinc) and inorganic contaminants (aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, tin and vanadium) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Essential elements were found in the following order Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Se>Cr (mg kg-1). Non-essential elements concentrations were found lower than the set limits according to the European Union Regulations. The growing demand for alternative protein sources for feed production could be partially compensated by black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) meal, as it appears a good source for high quality proteins and essential elements which play a pivotal role in animal growth. In the foreseeable future the current legislation and the official monitoring plans may be implemented and broaden, to focus and assess limits for upcoming matrices, and to ensure feed and food safety.
What about males? Exploring sex differences in the relationship between emotion difficulties and eating disorders
Authors: Vuillier Laura , Joseph Jemma , Greville-Harris Maddy , May Liz , Sommerville Matthew , Harrison Amy , Rachel Louise Moseley
Published: August 2022

Objective: While eating disorders (ED) are more commonly diagnosed in females, there is growing awareness that men also experience ED and may do so in a different way. Difficulties with emotion processing and emotion regulation are believed to be important in ED, but as studies have involved predominantly female samples, it is unclear whether this is also true for males.Methods: In the largest sample to date, consisting of 1604 participants (n=631 males), we assessed emotion processing and emotion regulation in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and males from the general population. We also looked at whether emotion processing and emotion regulation difficulties predicted various aspects of eating psychopathology and whether this was moderated by sex. We assessed emotion processing with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and emotion regulation with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.Results: We found that males with ED, like their female counterparts, suffered from emotion processing and emotion regulation deficits. We did find some sex differences, in that males with ED tended to report more difficulties with their emotions as well as a more externally oriented thinking style compared to females with ED. Difficulties with emotion processing and emotion regulation were strongly predictive of various aspects of eating psychopathology in both sexes. Importantly, we found that sex moderated the relationship between reappraisal and eating restraint. As such, low use of reappraisal was found to be associated with higher levels of restrictive eating in females but not in males. ﻿Discussion: Difficulties with emotion processing and emotion regulation are associated with eating psychopathology in both males and females. Reappraisal was not found to be associated with reduced eating psychopathology in males, suggesting a cautious approach to interventions targeting this strategy. Research around explanatory mechanisms and interventions must adopt a broader viewpoint including those who are traditionally overlooked in ED.
Double magnetic tunnel junction device with orthogonal polarizer for high-performance magnetoresistive memory
Authors: Sin Stanislav , Oh Saeroonter
Published: August 2022

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based memory devices have larger switching delay and energy consumption, compared to cache or dynamic random access memory. In order to broaden the applications of the magnetoresistive random access memory, reducing the switching time and energy consumption of the MTJ is required. Here, a novel double MTJ with an orthogonal polarizer is proposed. The proposed device consists of three ferromagnetic regions: the first pinned region (PR1) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), a free region (FR) with PMA, and the second pinned region (PR2) with in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). PR1 and PR2 are placed on top of the oxide barrier, which separates them from the FR, comprising a double MTJ structure. The current pulse through PR2 helps to move the magnetization of the FR. Since the angle between PR2 and FR is 90°, the initial torque increases significantly, decreasing switching delay by 4.02 times and energy-delay product by 7.23 times. It is also shown, that the area of the access transistor can be reduced by approximately 10%, while maintaining the same energy-delay product and reducing gate RC delay.
Lactobacillus plantarum regulated intestinal microbial community and cytokines to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium infection
Authors: Liu Rui-Han , Sun An-Qi , Liao Ye , Tang Zheng-Xu , Zhang Shi-Han , Shan Xin , Hu Jing-Tao
Published: August 2022

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are recognized as food-grade safe microorganisms and have many beneficial effects. LAB could maintain the host intestinal homeostasis, and regulate intestinal microbial community to exert antibacterial effects. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strain isolated from pig intestine was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice, and mice were then infected with Salmonella typhimurium. The protective effects of L. plantarum were evaluated by monitoring body weight loss, survival rates, bacterial loads in tissue, cecal histopathology analysis, and cytokine secretion. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was also utilized to detect the dynamics of the cecal microbial community in C57BL/6 mice. We found that L. plantarum could significantly reduce the body weight loss and improve the survival rates. Counting of bacterial loads displayed that L. plantarum decreased Salmonella transplanting in spleen or liver. Intestinal histopathology showed that it alleviated the intestinal injury caused by Salmonella, inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, L. plantarum also significantly ameliorated the intestinal gut microbiome disturbance caused by Salmonella and restored the balance among dominant gut microbiome. It displayed an obvious increase of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Bacteroidetes, and reduction of pathogenic bacteria like Proteobacteria. In conclusion, L. plantarum could regulate microbial community to inhibit Salmonella typhimurium infection.
Zero-average bias bidirectional single-electron current generation in a hybrid turnstile
Authors: Marín-Suárez Marco , Pashkin Yuri A. , Peltonen Joonas T. , Pekola Jukka P.
Published: August 2022

Hybrid turnstiles have proven to generate accurate single-electron currents.The usual operation consists of applying a periodic modulation to a capacitively coupled gate electrode and requires a non-zero DC source-drain bias voltage.Under this operation, a current of the same magnitude and opposite direction can be generated by flipping the polarity of the bias.Here, we demonstrate that accurate single-electron currents can be generated under zero average bias voltage.We achieve this by applying an extra periodic modulation with twice the frequency of the gate signal and zero DC level to the source electrode.This creates a time interval, which is otherwise zero, between the crossings of tunnelling thresholds that enable single-electron tunnelling.Furthermore, we show that within this operation the current direction can be reversed by only shifting the phase of the source signal.