bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The MARIANE-trial: Multicenter phase 1b/2 trial testing safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant intradermal ipilimumab and nivolumab in high-risk stage II melanoma.
Authors: Hoeijmakers Lotte L. , Kuijpers Anke M.J. , van de Wiel Bart A. , Lopez-Yurda Marta I. , Plasmeijer Elsemieke I , Zuur Charlotte L. , van der Pol Hanna C. , Lucas Minke W. , Romano Jurriaan , Lijnsvelt Judith , van den Eertwegh Alfonsus Johannes Maria , Jalving Mathilde , Kapiteijn Ellen , Suijkerbuijk Karijn , Van Der Veldt Astrid Aplonia Maria , Jacobs Bart , de Gruijl Tanja D , Blank Christian U.
Published: June 2024

TPS9615

Background: Adjuvant anti-PD1 (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) has been shown to improve relapse free survival for patients with high-risk stage II melanoma (IIB-C). However, this therapy probably won’t be reimbursed as standard of care in most European countries due to high costs, and the benefit-risk-ratio. For macroscopic stage III melanoma, neoadjuvant ipilimumab (IPI; anti-CTLA4) plus nivolumab (NIVO; anti-PD1) has been shown to induce high pathologic response rates in the resected lymph nodes, long-term event free survival, and this schedule is currently being compared to adjuvant NIVO in a phase 3 study (NCT04949113). This combination schedule, however, is unsuitable for earlier disease stages, due to high costs and clinical toxicity. In preclinical models, a local tumor draining lymph node directed delivery of anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 has been demonstrated to outperform systemic administration on induction of T-cell proliferation and tumor control. In patients, local delivery of anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 has been suggested to be equally effective in tumor control with a reduction of adverse events. These data have formed the rationale for testing intradermal injections at the excision site of the primary tumor with IPI and NIVO prior to the re-excision and sentinel node procedure in high-risk stage II melanoma patients. Methods: This multicenter, dose-escalating phase Ib/II trial, using a Simon’s two-stage design, is the first trial to test feasibility and efficacy of intradermal IPI plus NIVO in high-risk stage II melanoma patients. In total 21 to 80 patients, diagnosed with a stage T3-4 cutaneous melanoma with ≥ 50% chance of positive sentinel node, naïve for re-excision, sentinel node surgery and immunotherapy, will be included in this trial. Patients will receive 2 cycles of intradermal IPI 0.5 mg + NIVO 1 mg at the excision site of the primary melanoma (every 3 weeks; arm A); 6 cycles intradermal IPI 0.5 mg + NIVO 1 mg (every week; arm B); 2 cycles intradermal IPI 10 mg + NIVO 20 mg (every 3 weeks, arm C); or 2 cycles of intravenous nivolumab 240 mg every 3 weeks combined with the most optimal intradermal regimen of IPI + NIVO (based on the results of arm A, B or C) in arm D. In week 6, patients will undergo sentinel node surgery, whereafter only patients with a non-MPR (>10% vital tumor) will be treated with adjuvant anti-PD1 according to current standard of care. We expect the first patient to be enrolled in March 2024and to be accruing for 1-1.5 years. Clinical trial information: NCT06240143 .
Why Did Philip Morris Stop Making Cigarettes at Auschwitz?
Authors: Akselrad Daniel , Proctor Robert N.
Published: June 2024

After the collapse of communism in the satellite states of the Soviet Union, global cigarette makers began acquiring factories throughout Eastern Europe to capitalize on this new market opportunity. Drawing on victims’ accounts of the Holocaust, this article rediscovers the Philip Morris cigarette factory at Auschwitz—a manufacturing plant once used by the SS to torture and execute prisoners from the first transports to the killing center. Confidential tobacco industry documents disgorged through litigation show that the world's largest cigarette maker was aware of this heritage prior to purchasing these factories, and made efforts to control the fallout from this potential PR blunder. During these same years, cigarette makers were publicly equating cigarettes with liberty, airing advertisements comparing smokers to the persecuted Jews of Nazi Europe. Exposing these trespasses both physical and rhetorical, this article reflects on one site where two very different atrocities collide.
Visual Disobedience
Authors: Cornejo Kency
Published: June 2024

In Visual Disobedience, Kency Cornejo traces the emergence of new artistic strategies for Indigenous, feminist, and anticarceral resistance in the wake of torture, disappearance, killings, and US-funded civil wars in Central America. Cornejo reveals a direct line from US intervention to current forms of racial, economic, and gender injustice in the isthmus, connecting this to the criminalization and incarceration of migrants at the US-Mexico border today. Drawing on interviews with Central American artists and curators, she theorizes a form of “visual disobedience” in which art operates in opposition to nation-states, colonialism, and visual coloniality. She counters historical erasure by examining over eighty artworks and highlighting forty artists across the region. Cornejo also rejects the normalized image of the suffering Central American individual by repositioning artists as creative agents of their own realities. With this a comprehensive exploration of contemporary Central American art, Cornejo highlights the role of visual disobedience as a strategy of decolonial aesthetics to expose and combat coloniality, heteropatriarchy, white supremacy, empire, and other systems of oppression.
Συγκριτική μελέτη τοποθέτησης ενδοπεριτοναϊκών πλεγμάτων σε επίμυες υπό άσηπτες, δυνητικά σηπτικές και σηπτικές συνθήκες
Authors: Μακραντωνάκης Απόστολος
Published: June 2024

Το ενδοπεριτοναϊκά πλέγματα έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί ευρέως για την αποκατάσταση των κηλών του κοιλιακού τοιχώματος, αλλά έχουν αναφερθεί επιπλοκές, συμπεριλαμβανομένων συμφύσεων, λοιμώξεων, συριγγίων και εντερικών αποφράξεων. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η αξιολόγηση των κλινικών, ιστολογικών ευρημάτων και του σχηματισμού ενδοπεριτοναϊκών συμφύσεων μετά από τοποθέτηση ενδοπεριτοναϊκού πλέγματος σε άσηπτες και δυνητικά σηπτικές χειρουργικές συνθήκες. 60 αρσενικοί Wistar επίμυες χωρίστηκαν τυχαία σε τρεις ομάδες, την ομάδα ελέγχου, την ομάδα της αναστόμωσης και την σηπτική ομάδα. Οι επίμυες της σηπτικής ομάδας υποβλήθηκαν σε τοποθέτηση ενδοπεριτοναϊκού πλέγματος και ενοφθαλμισμό με αποικίες E. Coli και Staphylococcus aureus. Οι επίμυες στην ομάδα της Αναστόμωσης υποβλήθηκαν σε τοποθέτηση ενδοπεριτοναϊκού πλέγματος μετά από εντερεκτομή και αναστόμωση, ενώ οι επίμυες στην ομάδα ελέγχου υποβλήθηκαν μόνο σε τοποθέτηση πλέγματος. Ο σχηματισμός συμφύσεων ήταν η κύρια έκβαση της μελέτης. Δεν υπήρχε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ της ομάδας Αναστόμωσης και Ελέγχου στον σχηματισμό συμφύσεων, όπως εκφράζεται από το Van der Hamm p>0,05. Επιπλέον, δεν υπήρχε διαφορά μεταξύ των ομάδων ως προς τη διήθηση ουδετερόφιλων, την παρουσία ινοβλαστών, τη νεοαγγειογένεση και την εναπόθεση κολλαγόνου, p>0,05. Οι επίμυες στη σηπτική ομάδα εμφάνισαν αυξημένο σχηματισμό συμφύσεων, διήθηση ουδετερόφιλων, παρουσία ινοβλαστών, νεοαγγειογένεση και εναπόθεση κολλαγόνου σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα ελέγχου και αναστόμωσης. Η τοποθέτηση συνθετικού πλέγματος σε δυνητικά σηπτικό περιβάλλον είναι μια ασφαλής επιλογή. Αντίθετα, η τοποθέτηση πλέγματος σε σηπτικό περιβάλλον συνδέεται με δυσμενή αποτελέσματα και χρειάζεται περισσότερη έρευνα, προκειμένου να διαμορφωθεί μια τεκμηριωμένη οδηγία.
En el inicio, el desastre. fuerza, violencia y crueldad en Tierradentro (Colombia)
Authors: Cagüeñas Diego
Published: June 2024

Este ensayo examina distintas instancias de contaminación mutua entre fuerza y violencia. El examen opera dentro de lo que podríamos llamar ‘metafísica del papirotazo’ [chiquenaude]. Con ello hacemos un guiño a la lectura que en De la gramatología (2017), Jacques De- rrida ofrece del “estado natural” o “edad de oro” imaginados por Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Se trata de una metafísica que supone en el inicio de la historia (occidental) un instante primordial en el que la humanidad abandona aquella “primavera perpetua” añorada por Rousseau, caracterizada por la indolencia y la inercia, debido a un golpe fatal, un choque inconcebible, una calamidad que sobreviene desde fuera y da origen a la sociedad. En el inicio, el desastre. Solo algo calamitoso explicaría la partida del estado adámico, de aquel reposo feliz en el que todas las necesidades estaban saciadas y el deseo no conocía insatisfacción. Pues ¿qué podría llevar al género humano a quererse apartar de un sistema natural que lo sacia a plenitud? Se trata de un quiebre radical, fundamental, cuyo sentido no pertenece ni a la naturaleza que se abandona ni a la sociedad a la que se arriba. Es exterior: “El paso de una estructura a otra —por ejemplo del estado de naturaleza al estado de sociedad— no puede explicarse por ningún análisis estructural: un factum exterior, irracional, catastrófico debe hacer irrupción” (Derrida, 2017, p. 324). El papirotazo irrumpe, pone fin a la inercia del estado de naturaleza y establece la distinción, tan cara a la tradición humanista, entre historia natural e historia humana (Chakrabarty, 2009, p. 53). De ahí en adelante, los desastres serán ‘desastres naturales’, esto es, destrucción causada por fuerzas no humanas, potencias fuera del control de la vida política y social; de ahí en adelante, el desastre siempre será irrupción, nos tomará por sorpresa. Imposible de prever o prevenir, será manifestación de una naturaleza impasible frente a los deseos, aspiraciones y trabajos de la vida humana.
Un mundo fantasmal: paisajes de la muerte y huellas de la violencia en México
Authors: Melenotte Sabrina
Published: June 2024

En este artículo propongo considerar el espacio como una “clave analítica” (Gatti, 2017) para pensar los efectos de las violencias políticas y criminales, y entender mejor los esfuerzos de los familiares para establecer sentido y claridad, cuando no responsabilidad, de los hechos violentos. El análisis aquí efectuado se apoya en un trabajo de campo realizado principalmente en el Estado de Guerrero e iniciado en Morelos en 2016. Al buscar fosas clandestinas con las familias de personas desaparecidas en Guerrero, la observación participante y las entrevistas semidirigidas destacaron progresivamente imágenes de un ‘mundo fantasmal’. Se analizaron también casos emblemáticos destacados de la prensa para estudiar la circulación de algunas ‘imágenes clandestinas’ de la desaparición, que circulan y producen espacios geográficos y mentales sobre toda la nación.
STEAMER Hybrid Learning Project for Creative and Computational Thinking: Perspectives from Elementary School Teacher Candidates
Authors: Kumala Farida Nur , Yasa Arnelia Dwi , Salimi Moh , Sueb Sueb
Published: June 2024

The computing and creative skills of students in Indonesia are still low since the government has not focused on student creativity and computational empowerment programs. This research aims to develop a science, technology, engineering, art, mathematics, and reflection (STEAMER) hybrid learning project model for teachers' creative and computational thinking abilities, as well as analyze elementary school teacher candidates' perceptions of the use of STEAMER hybrid learning model to improve teachers' creative and computational thinking abilities. This research is development research with an analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires and interviews with experts, lecturers, and elementary school teacher candidates. The research was conducted at eight universities in Indonesia with a total sample of 100 elementary school teacher candidates. Through quantitative and qualitative data analysis, the research results have developed the STEAMER hybrid learning project model based on learning theory, syntax, social systems, support systems, and the instructional impact of learning models. The results of the validation show that the developed learning model is feasible in terms of model, material, media, and language experts. The model is suitable for elementary school teacher education. Furthermore, based on the perceptions of the teacher candidates, it is stated that the STEAMER hybrid learning project can develop the ability of the teacher candidates to think creatively and computationally.
Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Freshwater Fungus Tubeufia longihelicospora Strain GZCC 23-0405
Authors:   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Zhang Lijuan ,   School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Ma Jian ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China,   School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Zhao Tianming ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Han Meiyan ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Zheng Dege ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Jayawardena Ruvishika S. ,   School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mapook Ausana ,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Lu Yongzhong ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China
Published: June 2024

In this study, five metabolites were successfully isolated from the culture medium of Tubeufia longihelicospora strain GZCC 23-0405, comprising two dimeric naphtha-γ-pyrones (1–2), two dimeric coumarins (3–4), and one alkaloid (5). The elucidation of their chemical structures relied on a combination of NMR, MS, and optical rotation methods. Interestingly, these compounds represent the first instances of such metabolites being isolated from helicosporous hyphomycetes. Additionally, compounds (1) and (2) exhibited significant antimicrobial potential, with MIC and MBC values of 62.0 μg mL-1 and 248 μg mL-1, respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study provides a comprehensive account of the extraction, isolation, structural characterization, and antimicrobial properties of these compounds, shedding light on their potential significance in the field of natural product research.
Enzymatic Modification of Dietary Fiber from Bamboo Shoot Byproduct
Authors:   School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Chailangka Kamonlak , Ruenwai Rawisara ,   School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Prommajak Trakul ,   School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand, Attabhanyo Ratana ,   School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
Published: June 2024

Bamboo shoots are a significant agricultural commodity in Thailand. Processing bamboo shoots generates considerable waste, which poses logistical and environmental challenges. This study explored the enhancement of physicochemical properties of dietary fiber (DF) extracted from bamboo shoot waste through various enzyme combinations and sequences. The shoot base and strip portions were treated with combinations of amylase, protease, glucoamylase, lipase, cellulase, and xylanase. The highest DF yields were obtained from the shoot base using amylase, protease, and lipase (APL; 15.37±0.22 g/100 g), and from the shoot strip using amylase, glucoamylase, and protease (AGP; 9.43±0.06 g/100 g). Lipase-containing treatments increased soluble DF (SDF) content. Color, water-holding capacity (WHC), swelling capacity (SC), and oil-binding capacity (OBC) were analyzed. WHC and SC were notably enhanced by lipase-containing treatments (bamboo shoot strip: WHC 14.06±1.80 g/g with APL-X and SC 11.89±2.11 mL/g with APL-G; bamboo shoot base: WHC 10.46±0.37 g/g with AGP-L and SC 8.71±0.30 mL/g with AGP-L). The findings demonstrate that specific enzyme combinations can significantly improve the functional properties of dietary fiber extracted from bamboo shoot waste. This valorization of waste material has the potential to create value-added food and supplement products.
Enhancing the performance of InGaN-based near-infrared light-emitting diodes under a weakly polarized electric field
Authors: Hu Yifan , Nie Rongtao , Wu Guoguang , Nie Haoxin , Zhu Jianfeng , Wang Zengjiang , Wang Xiaoqiu , Chen Yutong , Zhang Yuantao , Zhang Baolin
Published: June 2024

This work presents a simulation analysis of nitride multi-quantum-well near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission wavelength of 1300 nm using Crosslight-APSYS software. The polarization electric field at the quantum wells was effectively tuned by adopting an Al0.02Ga0.19In0.79N quaternaries compound as the barrier for the In0.78GaN quantum wells, resulting in a near-zero polarization electric field. This approach significantly reduced band bending and increased the overlap of electron-hole wave functions within the quantum wells. Consequently, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in the nitride near-infrared LED improved, and the droop effect was significantly reduced. The Auger recombination mechanism that influences the droop effect was further analyzed. This provides an efficient approach for the development of high-performance InGaN-based near-infrared light-emitting diodes with high indium content.
Spectral library and method for sparse unmixing of hyperspectral images in fluorescence guided resection of brain tumors
Authors: Black David , Liquet Benoit , Di Ieva Antonio , Stummer Walter , Suero Molina Eric
Published: June 2024

Through spectral unmixing, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in fluorescence-guided brain tumor surgery has enabled the detection and classification of tumor regions invisible to the human eye. Prior unmixing work has focused on determining a minimal set of viable fluorophore spectra known to be present in the brain and effectively reconstructing human data without overfitting. With these endmembers, non-negative least squares regression (NNLS) was commonly used to compute the abundances. However, HSI images are heterogeneous, so one small set of endmember spectra may not fit all pixels well. Additionally, NNLS is the maximum likelihood estimator only if the measurement is normally distributed, and it does not enforce sparsity, which leads to overfitting and unphysical results. In this paper, we analyzed 555666 HSI fluorescence spectra from 891 ex vivo measurements of patients with various brain tumors to show that a Poisson distribution indeed models the measured data 82% better than a Gaussian in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and that the endmember abundance vectors are sparse. With this knowledge, we introduce (1) a library of 9 endmember spectra, including PpIX (620 nm and 634 nm photostates), NADH, FAD, flavins, lipofuscin, melanin, elastin, and collagen, (2) a sparse, non-negative Poisson regression algorithm to perform physics-informed unmixing with this library without overfitting, and (3) a highly realistic spectral measurement simulation with known endmember abundances. The new unmixing method was then tested on the human and simulated data and compared to four other candidate methods. It outperforms previous methods with 25% lower error in the computed abundances on the simulated data than NNLS, lower reconstruction error on human data, better sparsity, and 31 times faster runtime than state-of-the-art Poisson regression. This method and library of endmember spectra can enable more accurate spectral unmixing to aid the surgeon better during brain tumor resection.
Numerical analysis of a single channel exposed core elliptical shaped PCF based highly sensitive SPR sensor for wide RI sensing
Authors: Trisha Israt Jahan , Patwary Abdul Karim , Sayem Md Abu , Rahman Afiquer , Hossain Md. Rakib , Mollah Md. Aslam
Published: June 2024

This study presents a numerical study of a highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor capable of detecting five types of cancer and bacterial contamination in water. By precisely arranging only two air holes in a single channel of an elliptical-shaped PCF, the sensor maximizes interaction between core-guided modes and surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) along the fiber. Evaluation using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, based on finite element method (FEM), demonstrates outstanding sensor performance across a wide refractive index (RI) range (1.33 to 1.43). With a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 188,000 nm/RIU and amplitude sensitivity (AS) of -22,377.99 RIU−1, the sensor achieveStructural Design and Methodologys a sensor resolution (SR) of 5.3191 × 10−7 RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 854.55 RIU−1. Notably, it exhibits AS and WS values tailored for specific cancer cell types and water contamination. These results endorse the sensor’s potential in diverse biological and molecular analyte RI detection applications within the visible to near-infrared (VNIR) range (0.55 to 4 µm), offering high sensitivity, affordability, wide sensing range, good linearity, low propagation loss, and simplicity in construction.
Ultralow-phase-noise and broadband frequency-hopping coupled optoelectronic oscillator under quiet point operation
Authors: Liu Hui , Guo Mingyang , Zhang Tian , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: June 2024

Advancements in microwave photonics have yielded novel approaches for generating high-purity microwave sources. Among these, optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) and coupled optoelectronic oscillators (COEOs) have demonstrated the capability to generate frequency-independent microwaves with exceptionally low phase noise. Nonetheless, the tunability of the oscillators is rather limited due to the necessity for narrowband electronic bandpass filters, presenting challenges in achieving both wide and rapid tuning capabilities. Here, we present a COEO featuring ultralow phase noise, flexible tuning capability, and high robustness. This is achieved through a quiet point (QP)-operated harmonic mode-locked fiber laser, which effectively mitigates optical amplifier noise and supermode competition, thus significantly diminishing the necessity for ultra-narrow electronic filters. Due to the liberated tuning ability, we present an oscillator that can be tuned from 2 GHz to 18 GHz, with phase noise as low as −140  dBc/Hz at 10 kHz under the QP operation. We then illustrate the practical application of the proposed oscillator in generating frequency-hopping signals with consistent spurious modes less than −85  dBc, absolute phase noise below −135  dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, hopping resolution of 1.25 MHz, and fractional frequency stability below 6.1×10−12 at 1 s averaging time when locked to a reference. The presented COEO structure emerges as a compelling solution for agile and low-noise microwave sources in advanced wireless communication and radar systems.
Commensal E. coli limits Salmonella gut invasion during inflammation by producing toxin-bound siderophores in a tonB-dependent manner
Authors: Cherrak Yassine , Salazar Miguel Angel , Yilmaz Koray , Kreuzer Markus , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich
Published: June 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is densely colonized by a polymicrobial community known as the microbiota which serves as primary line of defence against pathogen invasion. The microbiota can limit gut-luminal pathogen growth at different stages of infection. This can be traced to specific commensal strains exhibiting direct or indirect protective functions. Although these mechanisms hold the potential to develop new approaches to combat enteric pathogens, they remain far from being completely described. In this study, we investigated how a mouse commensal Escherichia coli can outcompete Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm). Using a salmonellosis mouse model, we found that the commensal E. coli 8178 strain relies on a trojan horse trap strategy to limit S. Tm expansion in the inflamed gut. Combining mutants and reporter tools, we demonstrated that inflammation triggers the expression of the E. coli 8178 antimicrobial microcin H47 toxin which, when fused to salmochelin siderophores, can specifically alter S. Tm growth. This protective function was compromised upon disruption of the E. coli 8178 tonB-dependent catecholate siderophore uptake system, highlighting a previously unappreciated crosstalk between iron intake and microcin H47 activity. By identifying the genetic determinants mediating S. Tm competition, our work not only provides a better mechanistic understanding of the protective function displayed by members of the gut microbiota but also further expands the general contribution of microcins in bacterial antagonistic relationships. Ultimately, such insights can open new avenues for developing microbiota-based approaches to better control intestinal infections.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenously and subcutaneously administered pantoprazole in sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Smith Joe S. , Bennett Kailee , Flynn Ryan , Gebert Jesse , Mulon Pierre-Yves , Garcia Jessica D. , Harvill Lainey , Escher Olivia , Ebner Lisa Sams , Bergman Joan , Cox Sherry
Published: June 2024

Abomasal ulcers are recognized in sheep of all ages, but research regarding therapeutic interventions is limited. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) such as pantoprazole, are clinically used with a paucity of evidence regarding efficacy in mature sheep. Intravenous and subcutaneously administered pantoprazole dosed at 1.0 mg/kg in adult sheep will increase the pH of abomasal fluid compared to pre-administration baseline. The objectives were to assess the effect of pantoprazole, after single and multiple administration, on abomasal fluid pH in adult sheep. A third objective was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters of IV and SC pantoprazole. Four clinically healthy adult Southdown ewes previously fitted with a gastrostomy tube in the abomasum were utilized in this randomized, 2-way cross-over trial. Ewes received pantoprazole (1.0 mg/kg) as a single and 3-dose regimen (every 24 hours). After a 10 day washout period the reverse treatment was applied. Blood for analysis of pantoprazole concentration was collected intermittently for 24 hours, and abomasal fluid pH was measured at intervals for a 96-hour period. The pH of the abomasal fluid was higher in pantoprazole treatments for up to 24 hours after dosing. Following intravenous administration of pantoprazole to study ewes, elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance of pantoprazole was estimated as 3.29 hours, 0.35 L/kg, and 65.26 mL/hr/kg respectively. After subcutaneous dosing, maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, half-life of elimination, and volume of distribution, were estimated as 2604 ng/mL, 0.55 hours, 2.48 hours, and 0.37 L/kg. Additionally, the bioavailability was estimated as 83.33%. Pantoprazole administered IV or SC may be useful for treatment or prevention of abomasal ulcers in adult sheep.
Behavioral and genetic correlates of heterogeneity in learning performance in individual honeybees, Apis mellifera
Authors: Chakroborty Neloy Kumar , Leboulle Gérard , Einspanier Ralf , Menzel Randolf
Published: June 2024

Learning an olfactory discrimination task leads to heterogeneous results in honeybees with some bees performing very well and others at low rates. Here we investigated this behavioral heterogeneity and asked whether it was associated with particular gene expression patterns in the bee’s brain. Bees were individually conditioned using a sequential conditioning protocol involving several phases of olfactory learning and retention tests. A cumulative score was used to differentiate the tested bees into high and low performers. The rate of CS+ odor learning was found to correlate most strongly with a cumulative performance score extracted from all learning and retention tests. Microarray analysis of gene expression in the mushroom body area of the brains of these bees identified a number of differentially expressed genes between high and low performers. These genes are associated with diverse biological functions, such as neurotransmission, memory formation, cargo trafficking and development.
Closed-loop oxygen control for critically ill patients––A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mól Caroline Gomes , Vieira Aléxia Gabriela da Silva , Garcia Bianca Maria Schneider Pereira , dos Santos Pereira Emanuel , Eid Raquel Afonso Caserta , Schultz Marcus J. , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Nawa Ricardo Kenji
Published: June 2024

Background

The impact of closed-loop control systems to titrate oxygen flow in critically ill patients, including their effectiveness, efficacy, workload and safety, remains unclear. This systematic review investigated the utilization of closed-loop oxygen systems for critically ill patients in comparison to manual oxygen titration systems focusing on these topics.

Methods and findings

A search was conducted across several databases including MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, LOVE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization on March 3, 2022, with subsequent updates made on June 27, 2023. Evidence databases were searched for randomized clinical parallel or crossover studies investigating closed-loop oxygen control systems for critically ill patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. The analysis was conducted using Review Manager software, adopting the mean difference or standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for continuous variables or risk ratio with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes. The main outcome of interest was the percentage of time spent in the peripheral arterial oxygen saturation target. Secondary outcomes included time for supplemental oxygen weaning, length of stay, mortality, costs, adverse events, and workload of healthcare professional. A total of 37 records from 21 studies were included in this review with a total of 1,577 participants. Compared with manual oxygen titration, closed-loop oxygen control systems increased the percentage of time in the prescribed SpO2 target, mean difference (MD) 25.47; 95% CI 19.7, 30.0], with moderate certainty of evidence. Current evidence also shows that closed-loop oxygen control systems have the potential to reduce the percentage of time with hypoxemia (MD -0.98; 95% CI -1.68, -0.27) and healthcare workload (MD -4.94; 95% CI -7.28, -2.61) with low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion

Closed-loop oxygen control systems increase the percentage of time in the preferred SpO2 targets and may reduce healthcare workload.

Trial registration

PROSPERO: CRD42022306033.
The quantity and composition of household food waste: Implications for policy
Authors: Martianto Drajat , Diana Rian , Baliwati Yayuk Farida , Sukandar Dadang , Hendriadi Agung
Published: June 2024

Studies on food waste in Southeast Asia are currently limited, with a notable absence of comparative analyses investigating the volume and composition of food waste in urban and rural areas through direct measurement. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the quantity, composition, and drivers of household food waste between urban and rural areas. Household food waste was assessed through waste compositional analysis for food and diaries for beverages. This cross-sectional study included 215 households in Bogor Regency, Indonesia. Comparisons between the two areas were performed using an independent t-test. The average of household food waste in Bogor Regency was 77 kg/cap/year (edible 37.7%, inedible 62.3%). Household food waste was higher in urban areas (79.4 kg/cap/year) than in rural areas (45.8 kg/cap/year) (p<0.001). Cereals, tubers and their derivatives (especially rice) and vegetables were the major contributors to edible food waste, whereas fruits were the main contributors to inedible food waste in both areas. Food waste drivers were spoilage/staleness/moldiness, changes in texture, short shelf life, cooking too much, and plate leftovers. Households in urban areas had a higher quantity of food waste and disposed of more edible food than those in rural areas. Meanwhile, the drivers of food waste generation were similar in both areas. Understanding the quantity, composition, and drivers of household food waste is pivotal for developing effective awareness campaigns and fostering behavioral changes to prevent household food waste.
Show-through removal with sparsity-based blind deconvolution
Authors: Kawakami Sota , Kudo Hiroyuki
Published: June 2024

When scanning a document printed on both sides by using an electronic scanner, the printed material on the back (front) side may be transmitted to the front (back) side. This phenomenon is called show-through. The problem to remove the show-through from scanned images is called the show-through removal in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new method of show-through removal based on the following principle. The proposed method uses two scanned images with the front side and with the back side as input images. The proposed method is based on Ahmed’s Blind Image Deconvolution method discovered in 2013, which succeeded in formulating Blind Image Deconvolution as a nuclear norm minimization. Since the structure of show-through removal resembles that of Blind Image Deconvolution, we discovered that the show-through removal can be reformulated into a nuclear norm minimization in the space of outer product matrix constructed from an image vector and a point spread function vector of blurring. Using this key idea, we constructed the proposed method as follows. First, our cost function consists of the following three terms. The first term is the data term and the second term is the nuclear norm derived from the above reformulation. The third term is a regularization term to overcome the underdetermined nature of show-through removal problem and the existence of noise in the measured images. The regularization term consists of Total Variation imposed on the images. The resulting nuclear norm minimization problem is solved by using Accelerated Proximal Gradient method and Singular Value Projection with some problem-specific modifications, which converges fast and requires a simple implementation. We show results of simulation studies as well as results of real image experiments to demonstrate the performances of the proposed method.
Colistin-resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections
Authors: Al Momani Waleed M. , Ata Nour , Maslat Ahmed O.
Published: June 2024

Background

The incidence of antimicrobial resistance is alarmingly high because it occurs in humans, environment, and animal sectors from a “One Health” viewpoint. The emergence of plasmid-carried mobile colistin-resistance (MCR) genes limits the efficacy of colistin, which is the last-line treatment for multidrug resistance (MDR) against gram-negative infections.

Objectives

The current study aimed to investigate emergence of colistin-resistance (MCR1–5) genes inE.coliisolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Jordan.

Methods

E.coli(n = 132) were collected from urine specimens. TheE.coliisolated from human UTI patients were examined the resistance to colistin based on the presence ofMCR(1–5). All isolates were tested against 20 antimicrobials using the standard disk diffusion method. The broth microdilution technique was used to analyze colistin resistance. In addition, theMCR(1–5) genes were detected using multiplex PCR.

Results

Out of the 132 isolates, 1 isolate was colistin-resistant, having a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/mL and possessingMCR-1. All theE.coliisolates showed high resistance to penicillin (100%), amoxicillin (79.55%), cephalexin (75.76%), nalidixic acid (62.88%), tetracycline (58.33%), or cefepime (53.79).

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of plasmid-codedMCR-1 inE.colifrom a patient with UTIs in Jordan. This is a problematic finding because colistin is the last-line drug for the treatment of infections caused by MDR gram-negative bacteria. There is a crucial need to robustly utilize antibiotics to control and prevent the emergence and prevalence of colistin-resistance genes.
The Fourfold: Reclaiming Animism
Authors: Telengut Alisi
Published: June 2024

This text reflects on a short, animated film by the author, titled The Fourfold, and its exploration of the Indigenous worldviews and wisdom of Mongolia and Siberia.
Una momia en el aula de secundaria. aprender prehistoria y el método hipotético-deductivo a través del caso de ötzi y sus objetos
Authors: Llonch-Molina Nayra , Sauret-Vidal Jesús , López-Basanta Clara
Published: June 2024

El artículo presenta una experiencia de innovación educativa en enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria basada en la didáctica del objeto y la introducción del pensamiento histórico a través de la aplicación de los métodos de análisis histórico. Los principales resultados de su implementación apuntan a niveles de satisfacción elevados por parte del alumnado y el profesorado, al afianzamiento de competencias y saberes aprendidos previamente y a la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos sobre la prehistoria, todo ello con una percepción de disfrute del proceso de aprendizaje por parte del alumnado.
Humanidades Digitais na América Latina: Uma Introdução
Authors: Athayde Manaíra Aires , C. Rocha Rejane
Published: June 2024

O conceito de “Humanidades Digitais” (HD), apesar de frequente no vocabulário acadêmico há mais de uma década, tem sido usado até hoje com distintos significados. Ao mesmo tempo que designa uma comunidade de práticas, também pode ser entendido como os discursos sobre essas práticas, um conjunto de atividades transdisciplinares ou um campo de conhecimento. Um consenso em torno desse conceito, entretanto, ainda que não tenha encontrado estabilidade crítica nem um campo unificado, é a ideia de que ele representa um forte elo entre as Humanidades eas Ciências Sociais e um conjunto de práticas de produção e validação de conhecimento relacionadas a sociedades cada vez mais dependentes das tecnologias digitais (cf. Portela, 2020). Surge, assim, uma das perguntas-chave deste dossiê que a revista MATLIT: Materialidades da Literatura agora publica: como a diversidade de perspectivas, contextos e temas relacionados à América Latina pode contribuir para criar ou ampliar discussões teóricas e artísticasdas Humanidades Digitais?
Polarização e desinformação: uma análise das estratégias discursivas sobre o Dia da Consciência Negra no Twitter
Authors: Volcan Taiane de Oliveira , Guedes Cardoso Suzana , Couto Jorge Franceli , Perez Mendonça Fernanda
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender como o Dia da Consciência Negra em 2021 foi construído discursivamente no Twitter e como se deu a sua circulação na plataforma. Buscou-se analisar, ainda, quais os atores e grupos envolvidos no debate sobre a data e que sentidos foram produzidos e legitimados por eles. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a API do Twitter, com o auxílio do Social Feed Manager, a partir das palavras-chave #diadaconsciencianegra; #consciencianegra; racismo; racista e racistas, entre os dias 18 e 21 de novembro de 2021. A análise apresentou interações sociais polarizadas, marcadas (1) pela disseminação de comentários negacionistas e racistas, cujo objetivo parece ser o de marginalizar o movimento negro e (2) por grupos distintos, mas que compartilham o reconhecimento e a ressignificação da luta antirracista.
AI Diversifies Graded Reader Production in Latin America
Authors: Eason Jordan
Published: June 2024

O aumento do acesso à Inteligência Artificial (IA) irá alterar de forma substancial o campo dos graded readers publicados para o ensino de línguas da América Latina, devido à automatização de processos que anteriormente poderiam levar meses ou anos para serem concluídos em um romance. Aproveitando a IA, os autores de graded readers podem produzir adaptações para públicos específicos mais rapidamente do que antes, com aparatos únicos e focos de adaptação. A revolução da IA em termos de acesso torna a produção da linguagem que os graded readers produzem também uma linguagem mais realista em um mundo pós-moderno. Com a aceleração da produção e a variação dessas produções, os graded readers poderão focar nas complexidades da subjetividade na experiência humana, que, argumentavelmente, tem faltado até agora. A IA afetará o campo dos graded readers de maneira mais fundamental, com a diluição do que podem ser considerado textos autênticos. O argumento contra os graded readers e sua autenticidade será substancialmente enfraquecido em um mundo repleto de artigos de notícias e literatura gerados por IA. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar que o aumento do acesso à IA levará à produção de graded readers mais eficazes e específicos, e também tem como objetivo demonstrar como a IA enfraquecerá um dos argumentos mais fundamentais contra os graded readers devido ao seu desafio à definição de textos autênticos.
Long-Term Outcomes of Additional Surgery After Endoscopic Resection Versus Primary Surgery for T1 Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tamaru Yuzuru , Kuwai Toshio , Kajiwara Yoshiki , Oka Shiro , Saito Shoichi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Kawachi Hiroshi , Takamatsu Manabu , Hotta Kinichi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Kojima Motohiro , Saito Yutaka , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Yamada Masayoshi , Sekine Shigeki , Tanaka Shinji , Nagata Shinji , Nakamura Takahiro , Yamada Kazutaka , Konno Maki , Ishihara Soichiro , Saitoh Yusuke , Matsuda Kenji , Togashi Kazutomo , Komori Koji , Ishiguro Megumi , Okuyama Takashi , Ohuchi Akihiro , Ohnuma Shinobu , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Sugai Tamotsu , Katsumata Kenji , Matsushita Hiro-o , Yamano Hiro-o , Nakai Keisuke , Uraoka Toshio , Akimoto Naohiko , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Ajioka Yoichi , Sugihara Kenichi , Ueno Hideki
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There is considerable concern about whether endoscopic resection (ER) before additional surgery (AS) for T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) has oncologically potential adverse effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes, including overall survival (OS), of patients treated with AS after ER vs primary surgery (PS) for T1 CRC using a propensity score-matched analysis from a large observational study.

METHODS:

This study investigated 6,105 patients with T1 CRC treated with either ER or surgical resection between 2009 and 2016 at 27 high-volume Japanese institutions, with those undergoing surgery alone included in the PS group and those undergoing AS after ER included in the AS group. Propensity score matching was used for long-term outcomes of mortality and recurrence analysis.

RESULTS:

After propensity score matching, 1,219 of 2,438 patients were identified in each group. The 5-year OS rates in the AS and PS groups were 97.1% and 96.0%, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.49–1.08), indicating the noninferiority of the AS group. Moreover, 32 patients (2.6%) in the AS group and 24 (2.0%) in the PS group had recurrences, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (odds ratio: 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.76–2.40, P = 0.344).

DISCUSSION:

ER before AS for T1 CRC had no adverse effect on patients' long-term outcomes, including the 5-year OS rate. ER is a viable first-line treatment option for endoscopically resectable T1 CRC.
O CADASTRO NACIONAL DE PESSOA JURÍDICA COMO RECURSO METODOLÓGICO PARA AS PESQUISAS SOCIOESPACIAIS: POTENCIALIDADES E LIMITAÇÕES DA BASE DE DADOS NACIONAL
Authors: Silva Késia Anastácio Alves da , Britto Natalia Daniela Soares Sá
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a base de dados do Cadastro Nacional de Pessoa Jurídica (CNPJ), disponibilizada para acesso público pela Receita Federal, como fonte e recurso metodológico para a produção de estudos espaciais, especialmente no âmbito da Geografia Urbana, Econômica e Regional. Para tanto, o artigo retoma alguns postulados sobre os aportes metodológicos na pesquisa socioespacial e, através de diversos exemplos, destaca as potencialidades de uso da base de dados do CNPJ, com seus desdobramentos escalares, setoriais e temporais. Além disso, o trabalho avalia alguns limites e cuidados metodológicos que devem ser considerados pelos pesquisadores ao utilizar e aplicar esta fonte.
PADRÕES DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO URBANO DA PREFEITURA-BAIRRO I (CENTRO/BROTAS), SALVADOR – BA
Authors: Franco Gustavo Barreto , Magalhães Laís Guimarães de , Motta Luis Filipe de Alcântara , Santos Beatriz Gomes , Silva Sidnara Nascimento da
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os padrões de uso e ocupação do solo da Prefeitura-Bairro I (Centro/Brotas), Salvador – BA, de modo a revelar a disparidade socioespacial. A pesquisa utiliza o método de fotointerpretação sem ser excessivamente técnica, tendo como base fotografias aéreas de alta resolução, em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), com uma abordagem qualiquantitativa sobre o uso e ocupação do solo urbano, de modo a subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão do espaço urbano. Apresenta uma leitura do espaço geográfico com base numa cartografia, considerando dados de censo demográfico, explorando ainda os aspectos da paisagem urbana na avaliação das segregações sociais, econômicas e raciais que compõem as estruturas de uma importante parte da metrópole de Salvador. A pesquisa consiste na produção de um banco de dados geográficos (cartográfico e fotográfico), disponibilizado institucionalmente para os pesquisadores e demais segmentos da sociedade, no sentido de a sociedade civil e a gestão pública poderem compreender o presente e projetar o futuro da mais antiga capital do Brasil.
DINÂMICA DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DAS TERRAS NA REGIÃO COSTA DO DENDÊ, ESTADO DA BAHIA, BRASIL, ENTRE 1985 E 2023: UMA ANÁLISE DOS REFLEXOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS E AMBIENTAIS EM ESCALA REGIONAL
Authors: Sampaio Sarah Andrade , Oliveira Regina Célia de , Souza Sirius Oliveira
Published: June 2024

A Região Costa do Dendê, Estado da Bahia, é composta por 8 municípios: Valença, Taperoá, Cairu, Nilo Peçanha, Ituberá, Igrapiúna, Camamu e Maraú, região nacional e internacionalmente reconhecida pelo valor dos seus patrimônios naturais. Diante do processo de formação histórico-regional, reconhece-se como necessário identificar as dinâmicas de apropriação desse território, amparado por uma análise socioeconômica e ambiental. A fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram utilizados dados demográficos e econômicos do IBGE (2010; 2016; 2023), mapeados cinco cenários temporais (1985, 1995, 2005, 2015 e 2023) utilizando imagens do satélite Landsat, classificadas pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança. Os resultados apontam o aumento das áreas agrossilvipastoris e das áreas urbanas em detrimento da destruição das áreas florestadas e dos manguezais, o que culmina na redução das nascentes, assoreamento dos canais fluviais, aterramento de mangues e erosão costeira, além das explorações dos patrimônios culturais nesse território. Tais impactos são reflexos de decisões de agentes econômicos, como o investimento em estruturas rodoviárias, a inserção de gêneros de produção alimentícia, de atividades de industrialização e o investimento massivo no turismo imobiliário. Recomenda-se a regularização de tais atividades e a adoção de medidas conservacionistas diante dos serviços ecossistêmicos prestados pelas comunidades tradicionais presentes na área.