bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A POD-Based Reduced-Dimension Method of Solution Coefficient Vectors in Crank-Nicolson Mixed Finite Element Method for the Fourth-Order Parabolic Equation
Authors: Chang Xiaohui , Li Hong
Published: January 2025

The research proposes a method to reduce the dimension of the coefficient vector for Crank-Nicolson mixed finite element (CNMFE) solutions to solve the fourth-order variable coefficient parabolic equation. Initially, the CNMFE schemes and corresponding matrix schemes for the equation are established, followed by a thorough discussion of the uniqueness, stability, and error estimates for the CNMFE solutions. Next, a matrix-form reduced-dimension CNMFE (RDCNMFE) method is developed utilizing Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technology, with an in-depth discussion on the uniqueness, stability, and error estimates of the RDCNMFE solutions. The reduced-dimension method employ identical basis functions compared to standard CNMFE methods. It significantly reduces the number of unknowns in the computations, thereby effectively decreasing computational time, while there is no loss of accuracy. Finally, the viability and proficiency are substantiated by examining two numerical experiments.
When Translators Juggle: The Translator’s Latitude in Translating Tenses
Authors: Talafha Duaa K , Akma Adi Kasuma Shaidatul , Abdou Moindjie Mohamed , M Rababah Luqman , Bani Younes Zein
Published: January 2025

Many scholars contend that technical language is rigid in its style such as Witte (1985), Long (2003). This entails that the latitude of the translator is low most of the time. This paper questions this contention in a genre of language which is characterized by being standing on the border of technical and expressive language as termed business and economic language. Methods: The researchers explore the translator’s latitude by analyzing two websites that offer economic texts translated into Arabic and compared between the choices made by the translators to convey the semantic nuances of tenses and aspect used in the business and economic genre. Following Halliday and Hassan’s (1967) theory of discourse analysis, the researcher drew a purposive sample, including the three tenses and their multiple aspectual translations to meet the study objective. Results: The paper found that different choices were made by the translators in both websites where some of the nuances were not conveyed like the translation of the present perfect and some were expressed through other linguistic devices, mostly lexes. Grammar and semantics go hand in hand to build meanings through any language systems. Conclusion: This paper draws the lines to the features of the economic language which pours in the benefit of linguists and translators alike to converge meanings transferred from remote languages as is the case with English and Arabic.
External Moss Walls: From the Inside Out
Authors: Gecheva Gana , Petkova Zhana , Damyanov Stoyan , Georgieva Deyana , Baev Vesselin , Gozmanova Mariyana , Apostolova-Kuzova Elena , Yahubyan Galina
Published: January 2025

Moss walls are acknowledged, though not widely, for their urban environmental benefits: humidity control, noise reduction, and air filtration. In this pioneering study, three outdoor living moss walls were installed in separate urban green spaces in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. One and five months later, the primary moss species used, Hypnum cupressiforme, a well-established biomonitor, was analyzed for 12 potentially toxic elements. The content of all measured elements increased, with zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) showing the most significant rises - 17-fold and 3-fold, respectively. The element accumulation is believed to originate from industrial activities related to non-ferrous metals. In addition to accumulating toxic elements, the moss exhibited physiological responses to environmental stress. Total lipids and tocopherols, lipophilic antioxidants produced exclusively by photosynthetic organisms, showed adaptive changes. As a molecular biomarker, the expression of the rbcL gene, which encodes the largest subunit of Rubisco, was analyzed and showed a correlation with the Ecological Risk Index derived from the moss wall data. While living moss walls have been used to some extent to enhance urban aesthetics and improve air quality, this study is the first to highlight their potential as tools for air quality monitoring.
Scaffold Proteins in Fibrotic Diseases of Visceral Organs
Authors: Sun Piaopiao , Yang Liliang , Yu Keqing , Wang Jing , Chao Jie
Published: January 2025

Fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, disrupts tissue architecture and impairs organ function, ultimately leading to severe health consequences and even failure of vital organs. Despite advances in understanding its underlying mechanisms, effective therapeutic options for fibrotic diseases remain limited. Emerging evidence highlights scaffold proteins as critical regulators in the progression of fibrosis. These multifunctional proteins act as molecular platforms that organize and coordinate key signaling pathways, facilitating precise spatial and temporal regulation of cellular processes, including ECM remodeling, cytoskeletal organization, and cell migration. Their pivotal role in orchestrating profibrotic and antifibrotic signals places scaffold proteins at the intersection of fundamental biological processes and fibrotic pathology. Furthermore, their dynamic, context-dependent regulation offers a unique therapeutic window for modulating fibrosis. This review examines the contributions of scaffold proteins to fibrotic diseases of the lung, heart, liver, and kidney, emphasizing their potential as novel therapeutic targets for managing and reversing fibrosis.
Chronic Pain Induced by Social Defeat Stress in Juvenile Mice Depends on TLR4
Authors: Borges Paes Lemes Julia , Panichkina Alisa , Franco Malange Kaue , Morado-Urbina Carlos E , Dochnal Sara Anna , Jadhav Saee , Dolmat Maksim , Pagliusi Jr Marco , Navia-Pealez Juliana M , Corr Maripat , Miller Yury I , Yaksh Tony L
Published: January 2025

A significant portion of adolescents suffer from mental illnesses and persistent pain due to repeated stress. It remains unclear which components of the nervous system are involved in the linkage between stress and pain at an early age. Prior studies in adult mice implicated the innate immune system, specifically Toll-like receptors (TLR), as critical for inducing long-term anxiety and pain-like behavior in social defeat stress (SDS) model. In this work, we investigated the pain and anxiety behavioral phenotypes of wild-type and TLR4-deficient juvenile mice subjected to repeated SDS and evaluated the engagement of TLR4 by measuring dimerization in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and prefrontal cortex. Male juvenile (4-week-old) mice (C57BL6/J or Tlr4-/-) underwent six social defeat sessions with adult CD1 aggressors. In WT mice SDS promotes chronic mechanical allodynia by von Frey testing and thermal hyperalgesia by Hargreaves test. In parallel, the stressed WT mice exhibited transient anxiety-like behavior and long-lasting locomotor activity reduction in the open-field test. Tlr4-/- stressed animals were resistant to the induction of pain-like behavior but had a remnant of anxious behavior, spending less time in the center of the arena. In WT SDS, there were concordant robust increases of TLR4 dimerization in dorsal root ganglia macrophages and spinal cord microglia, indicating activation. These results suggest that the chronic pain phenotype and locomotor impairment induced by SDS in juvenile mice depends on TLR4 engagement evidenced by dimerization in immune cells of the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord.
Enhancing Feed Efficiency and Growth in Early-Fattening Hanwoo Steers Through High-Energy Concentrate Feeding
Authors: Onche Emmanuel , Cho Hyunjin , Rangandang Andrian Deguinion , Kang Namkyu , Kim Suheon , Kim Hongdae , Seo Seongwon
Published: January 2025

Adequate but not excessive dietary energy supply is crucial for growth and productivity in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three incremental metabolizable energy (ME) levels in concentrate mixes: low (LEC, 10.4 MJ/kg DM), medium (MEC, 10.8 MJ/kg DM), and high (HEC, 11.0 MJ/kg DM) on growth performance and comprehensive physiological parameters in Hanwoo steers. Thirty steers, averaging 499 ± 38.0 kg, were randomly allocated to one of the treatments. Each steer received up to 8 kg of concentrate mix, with ad libitum access to tall fescue. Body weights were measured every four weeks. In week 12, rumen samples were collected, followed by fecal and blood samples. The HEC group exhibited a 16.5% higher average daily gain compared to the other groups (p = 0.035). Forage and total dry matter (DMI) were 46% and 12% lower in HEC (p < 0.001). Fiber digestibility increased with energy content (p < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased in HEC (p < 0.001), while blood creatinine concentration increased (p < 0.01). In conclusion, feeding Hanwoo steers with a high-energy concentrate mix (up to 11.0 MJ ME/kg DM) improved growth and feed efficiency without compromising rumen health.
Aroma Compound Recovery from Grape Pomace: Exploring Grape Varieties Through Conventional Winemaking and Long-Term Maceration Methods
Authors: Buican Bettina Cristina , Luchian Camelia Elena , Colibaba Lucia Cintia , Niculaua Marius , Bordean Maria-Evelina , Kallithraka Stamatina , Cotea Valeriu V.
Published: January 2025

Grape pomace, the primary by-product of winemaking, represents a significant source of valuable aroma compounds with potential applications across various industries. This study reviews the composition and recovery of these compounds, emphasizing the role of grape variety and winemaking methods, including conventional and long-term maceration techniques, in their aromatic profiles. This review examines the diverse categories of aroma compounds found in grape pomace, including terpenes, norisoprenoids, thiols, and esters. It also investigates the impact of factors such as viticultural practices, fermentation methods, and maceration processes on their concentrations and sensory characteristics. The review further discusses the potential of grape pomace valorization, highlighting its importance in creating high-value additives for use in the food, cosmetics, and fragrance industries. Extracted aroma com-pounds represent a valuable resource with the potential for reuse as additives across diverse industries. This study aims to encourage innovative approaches to waste management in the wine industry, contributing to environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.
Impact of Dataset Imbalance on Machine Learning Models for Diabetes Mellitus Prediction
Authors: Luz Ayuns , Oloyede Joseph
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic medical condition that requires early detection and management to prevent severe complications. Machine learning (ML) models have shown promise in predicting diabetes, yet the effectiveness of these models can be significantly hindered by dataset imbalance. In medical datasets, particularly for diabetes prediction, imbalances often occur when the instances of diabetic cases (minority class) are vastly underrepresented compared to non-diabetic cases (majority class). This imbalance can lead to skewed model performance, where the model is more likely to predict the majority class, resulting in high accuracy but poor sensitivity to detecting actual diabetic cases. This paper explores the impact of dataset imbalance on machine learning models used for diabetes prediction, highlighting challenges such as model overfitting, misclassification, and unreliable performance metrics. It also reviews various strategies for addressing dataset imbalance, including data-level methods such as oversampling and undersampling, algorithm-level approaches like cost-sensitive learning, and hybrid solutions. Case studies from recent research are presented to demonstrate the consequences of imbalance and the improvements achieved by implementing balancing techniques. The findings emphasize the critical need for more representative datasets and the adoption of advanced techniques to enhance the predictive accuracy and reliability of ML models in healthcare applications. This study provides insights into future directions for diabetes prediction systems, focusing on improving data quality, model robustness, and ultimately, patient outcomes.
Unmasking AI-Created Visual Content: A Review of Generated Images and Deepfake Detection Technologies
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Pang Zongwei , Huang Shanyuan , Wang Chengyou , Zhou Xiao
Published: January 2025

In this era, digital images and videos are ubiquitous in people’s lives. Today, generative models can easily produce high-quality images and videos. These images and videos enrich people’s lives and play important roles in various fields. However, maliciously generated images and videos can mislead the public, manipulate public opinion, invade privacy, and even lead to illegal activities. Therefore, detecting AI-created visual content has become a significant research topic in the field of multimedia information security. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning technology has greatly accelerated the progress of AI-created visual content detection. This survey introduces the detection technologies for AI-created visual content that have developed in recent years, divided into two parts: AI-generated images detection and deepfake detection. In the AI-generated images detection section, we introduce current generative models and basic detection frameworks, and overview existing detection methods from the perspectives of unimodal and multimodal. In the deepfake detection section, we provide an overview of existing deepfake generation technique classifications, commonly used datasets, and evaluation metrics. We also analyze the technical characteristics of existing methods based on the different feature information they utilize, summarizing and categorizing them. Finally, we propose future research directions and conclusions, offering suggestions for the development of AI-created visual content detection technologies.
Transposable Element Landscape in a Monotypic Species Barthea barthei (Hance) Krass (Melastomataceae) and Its Role in Ecological Adaptation
Authors: Wu Wei , Zeng Yuan , Huang Zecheng , Peng Huiting , Sun Zhanghai , Xu Bin
Published: January 2025

Background: Transposable elements (TEs) play crucial roles in genome evolution and ecological adaptation, yet their dynamics in non-model plant species remain poorly understood. Methods: Using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic and population genomics approaches, we analyzed the TE landscape in Barthea barthei, a unique member of Melastomataceae distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of South China. Results: Our analysis identified 64,866 TE copies comprising 16.76% of the compact genome (235 Mb), dominated by Ty3/Gypsy retrotransposons (8.82%) and DNA/Mutator elements (2.7%). Through genome-wide analysis, we discovered 13 TE islands enriched in genes related to photosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and stress response pathways. Moreover, we identified 3,859 high-confidence TE insertion polymorphisms (TIPs), including 29 fixed insertions between red and white flower ecotypes, affecting genes involved in cell wall modification, stress responses, and secondary metabolism. Transcriptome analysis of flower buds revealed 343 differentially expressed TEs between ecotypes, with 30 located near or within differentially expressed genes. The non-random distribution of TEs, predominantly within 5 kb of genes, and their association with adaptive traits suggest their significant role in B. barthei's successful colonization of diverse habitats. Conclusions: Our findings provide insights into how TEs contribute to plant genome evolution and ecological adaptation in tropical forest environments, particularly through their impact on regulatory networks governing stress response and developmental processes.
Predictive Modeling for Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Machine Learning Approaches on Big Data
Authors: Oloyede Joseph , Luz Ayuns
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease with significant global health and economic burdens, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and effective management strategies. Predictive modeling, powered by machine learning (ML), offers a promising approach to identify at-risk individuals and support timely interventions. Leveraging big data, which encompasses vast and diverse healthcare information, enables the development of more accurate and comprehensive models. This paper evaluates various ML techniques, including traditional classifiers, ensemble methods, and deep learning algorithms, for predicting diabetes using large-scale datasets. Key challenges such as data preprocessing, feature selection, and class imbalance are addressed, while model performance is assessed using metrics like accuracy, precision, and AUC-ROC. The findings highlight the potential of ML to enhance predictive accuracy and identify critical predictors, contributing to personalized medicine and prevention strategies. Despite challenges in data quality, interpretability, and ethical considerations, this study underscores the transformative role of machine learning in diabetes prediction and the broader field of healthcare analytics.
Neurological Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pitton Rissardo Jamir , Khalil Ibrahim , Sayad Reem , Farid Gadelmawla Ahmed , Atef Mohamed , Iyad Khalil , Fornari Caprara Ana Leticia
Published: January 2025

Neurological involvement in the course of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a challenging for the large number of patients it affects. It has a profound impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. This review provides an update on current concepts regarding pathogenesis, clini-cal presentation, diagnosis issues, and management strategies for neurological SLE. The patho-physiology is complex and involves immune-mediated and vascular mechanisms of neurological involvement in SLE, including autoantibodies, neuroinflammation, dysregulation of complement, and genetic predisposition. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) can present with a broad spectrum of central and peripheral nervous system manifestations, ranging from neuropsychiatric SLE, one of the most challenging manifestations, such as cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, and psychosis, to cerebrovascular disease with an increased incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attacks; demyelinating syndromes mimicking multiple sclerosis; and neuropathies of sensory, motor, or autonomic function. The diagnosis of neurological SLE is very challenging due to subtle, nonspecific, and fluctuating symptoms. A meticulous neurological ex-amination along with neuroimaging techniques, autoantibody profiling, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis is needed. Current treatment strategies will be discussed with corticosteroids, conven-tional immunosuppressants, and emerging biological agents targeting specific immune pathways. It is worth mentioning the complexities of neuropsychiatric symptom management, seizure man-agement, and neuropathic pain.
Subcutaneous Furosemide Therapy for Chronic Management of Refractory Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Lombardo Sergio Federico , Ferasin Heidi , Ferasin Luca
Published: January 2025

Reduced efficacy of oral diuretics in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) can be secondary to reduced enteral drug absorption. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) furosemide administration to control signs of refractory CHF in dogs and cats and to assess the feasibility of this route of administration. Clinical records of 13 dogs and 17 cats with a history of refractory CHF treated with subcutaneous (SC) furosemide were reviewed retrospectively. Administration of SC furosemide was offered as an alternative therapy when animals experienced unsatisfactory clinical response to oral diuretics despite multiple dose adjustments and when, for this reason, pet owners were considering euthanasia. A satisfactory control of the animal’s breathing rate and effort and overall pet owner’s satisfaction was observed in all cases. Following administration of SC furosemide, median survival time was 106 (95% CI: 22-154) days in dogs and 89 (95% CI: 35 to 749) days in cats. This study showed that furosemide administered subcutaneously appears to be an efficacious and feasible therapeutic option for providing control of signs of cardiac congestion in both dogs and cats with previous unsatisfactory response to oral diuresis.
Learning from British Railways: Interpretation on Design Strategies of Railways and Their Impacts on Settlements of Colonial Cyprus 1878-1960
Authors: Debes Hasan , Dincyurek Ozgur
Published: January 2025

The political divisions between various communities in Cyprus, the third largest island in the Mediterranean, have dramatically influenced its population and shared cultural heritage over the past century. These divisions have impacted both tangible and intangible aspects of the island’s collective identity. Given the ongoing separation between communities in Cyprus, shared cultural values emerge as a crucial foundation for future collaborative efforts. This paper focuses on the Cyprus Government Railways (CGR), which operated from 1905 to 1951, as one of the island’s most significant shared heritage sites. By analyzing both visual and written sources and produced historic maps, this paper seeks to deepen the understanding of this heritage by discussing the design strategies of the route and possible effects of the railways on the settlements of Cyprus during the British Colonial Rule between 1878 and 1960. This study suggests that railway construction in Cyprus influenced the development of administrative centers in major cities like Famagusta and Nicosia, while smaller settlements shifted towards the railway route. The goal is to enhance awareness by introducing new theories that highlight the importance of this heritage for all communities on the island and beyond.
A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Advanced Technologies on Supplier Collaboration
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: January 2025

This study explores the transformative impact of advanced technologies on supplier collaboration within supply chain management, emphasizing their role in enhancing operational efficiency, transparency, and long-term relationships. Leveraging real-time communication tools, centralized data-sharing platforms, and collaborative software, organizations can streamline workflows and foster mutual trust with suppliers. The findings highlight how technologies such as IoT, blockchain, and advanced analytics improve supply chain visibility, ensure product authenticity, and facilitate data-driven decision-making. These advancements create a robust ecosystem where transparency and accountability are prioritized, enabling organizations and suppliers to align on shared goals effectively. Trust emerged as a critical factor, supported by the integration of tools that promote open communication and minimize disputes. Despite the numerous benefits, challenges such as data security concerns, resistance to change, high implementation costs, and skill gaps remain significant barriers to adoption. Addressing these challenges requires organizations to invest in robust cybersecurity measures, foster a culture of innovation, and provide targeted training to enhance employees’ technological proficiency. The study also underscores the importance of strategic alignment between technological investments and organizational goals, as well as selecting suppliers willing to embrace collaborative practices and innovation. Ultimately, this research reaffirms the pivotal role of advanced technologies in redefining supplier collaboration, positioning them as indispensable for businesses aiming to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving global environment. By addressing barriers to adoption and harnessing the full potential of these technologies, organizations can achieve enhanced efficiency, resilience, and sustainability in their supply chain operations.
On the Oscillatory Behavior of a Class of Mixed Fractional Order Nonlinear Differential Equations
Authors: Chatzarakis George E. , Nagajothi N. , Deepa M. , Sadhasivam Vadivel
Published: January 2025

This article deals with the investigation of the oscillatory behavior of a class of mixed fractional order nonlinear differential equations based on conformable fractional derivative and the Liouville right - sided fractional derivative by using a generalized Riccati technique and an integral averaging method. Examples illustrating the significance and effectiveness of the results are also given.
Teachers and Technology: A Comprehensive Study on Augmented Reality Awareness Among School Educators in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Shinjini , Sau Arnab , Bera Priyanka , Sardar Chandan , Chaudhuri Sumita , Thakur Nabin
Published: January 2025

The teaching-learning process in the modern era heavily relies on digital pedagogy, with Augmented Reality (AR) applications emerging as a suitable approach to advance it. This study assessed the awareness of AR applications among school educators in India, analyzing demographic factors such as age, gender, teaching experience, and subject specialization. A descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach was employed, involving 730 educators from urban and rural schools across India. Using a combination of random and stratified sampling, participants were selected from all 28 states and 8 union territories, covering 10% of districts per region. Data collection utilized online (email, WhatsApp, social media) and offline (pen-and-paper) methods via standardized questionnaires. Results showed that female teachers exhibited higher awareness and gain scores in AR applications compared to male teachers. However, no statistically significant difference was found in AR awareness based on gender (t=1.75, p > α), urban-rural location (t=1.004, p > α), age groups [F(2, 727) = 0.689, p > 0.05], teaching experience [F(3, 726) = 0.9936, p > 0.05], school type (t=0.500, p > α), or subject specialization (t=0.240, p > α). These findings indicate that AR awareness among Indian educators is consistent across various demographic factors, suggesting equitable exposure and understanding of AR applications among diverse teaching populations. The study highlights the potential for AR integration in education irrespective of demographic differences.
Switching to the CKD-EPI but Not Modified FAS eGFR Formula Under Detects CKD Among Adolescents and Young Adults in México
Authors: Guzmán-Nuñez Alethia Paulina , Filler Guido , Barbier Olivier Christophe , Rojas Lima Elodia , Mendez-Hernández Pablo , Ortega-Romero Manolo Sibael , Díaz González de Ferris Maria Esther , Medeiros Mara
Published: January 2025

Background: Guidelines recommend switching the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimation from the CKiD-U25 to the CKD-EPI formula at age 18. We investigated how this would affect chronic kidney disease (CKD) classification. Methods: Serum creatinine was enzymatically measured in 1061 samples from 914 community-based 10-23-year-olds from Tlaxcala, Mexico, a region where urinary biomarkers demonstrated early kidney damage associated with exposure to inorganic toxins in a pediatric population. We calculated their eGFR using CKiD-U25, modified Schwartz, the first and modified Pottel full-age spectrum (FAS), and CKD-EPI formulae. Correlation analysis characterized the CKD stage stratified by age and sex. Results: At baseline, the median age was 13 (IQR:12,15) years, and 55% were female. Median CKiD-U25 eGFR was 96.9 (IQR:83.3,113.3) mL/min/1.73m2, significantly lower than the CKD-EPI eGFR which was 140.8 (IQR:129.9,149.3) mL/min/1.73m2 (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon rank test). The mean bias was 36.9912.89 mL/min/1.73 m2. Pearson correlation was r=0.8296 (95% confidence interval 0.0898-0.8474). There was a better correlation between the modified Schwartz (r=0.9421(0.9349,0.9485)) and the Pottel FAS (r=0.9299(0.9212,0.9376)) formulae. Agreement was deficient when the eGFR was >75mL/min/1.73 m2 in younger age and female sex. Modified Schwartz identified 281(26.4%) measurements as having CKD 2 and 3 (2+), U25 identified 401 (37.7%) measurements as having CKD 2+, FAS identified 267 (25.1%) and modified FAS identified 282 (30%) measurements as having CKD 2+, and CKD-EPI identified 51 (4.8%) measurements as having CKD 2+, respectively. Conclusions: In this population, there needed to be better agreement between the various eGFR formulae. CKD-EPI identifies substantially fewer at-risk participants as having CKD.
Optimal tuning of multi-stage PID controller for dynamic frequency control of microgrid system under climate change scenarios
Authors: Alouache B. , Helaimi M. , Djilali A. B. , Gabbar H. A. , Allouache H. , Yahdou A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In recent years, the use of renewable energy has become essential to preserve the climate from pollution and global warming. To utilize renewable energy more effectively, the microgrid system has emerged, which is a combination of renewable energies such as wind and solar power. However, due to sudden and random climate fluctuations, energy deviation and instability problems have arisen. To address this, storage systems and diesel engines have been incorporated. Nevertheless, this approach has led to another issue: frequency deviation in the microgrid system. Therefore, most recent studies have focused on finding ways to reduce frequency deviation. The goal of this work is to study and compare various improvement methods in terms of frequency deviation. Methodology. We first simulated the microgrid system using the PID controller based on the following algorithms: krill herd algorithm (KHA) and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). In the second phase, we replaced the PID controller with the multi-stage PID controller and optimized its parameters using the KHA and the CSA. In the final phase, we tested the response of the microgrid system to these methods under a range of influencing factors. Results. The results initially showed the superiority of the KHA over the other algorithms in improving the parameters of the PID controller. In the second phase, the results showed a significant advantage of the multi-stage PID controller in terms of speed and stabilization time, as well as in reducing the frequency deviation compared to the PID controller. Practical value. Based on the tests conducted on the microgrid system, we can conclude that the multi-stage PID controller based on the KHA can be relied upon to solve these types of problems within the microgrid system. References 36, tables 4, figures 10.
Outcomes of Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy in Ambulatory Patients with Cerebral Palsy and Planovalgus Foot Deformity
Authors: Park Byoung Kyu , Abdel-Baki Sharkawy Wagih , Rhee Isaac , Park Kun-Bo , Park Hoon , Kim Hyun Woo
Published: January 2025

Background:

To date, no studies have evaluated the longevity of calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO) in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and pes planovalgus. This study aimed to explore the changes in foot alignment following CLO in patients with CP, utilizing both radiographic evaluations and dynamic foot-pressure assessments.

Methods:

A retrospective study of 282 feet in 180 ambulatory patients was performed. The mean patient age at the surgical procedure was 8.9 ± 2.6 years. The mean follow-up period was 8.0 ± 4.3 years, and the mean age at the final follow-up 16.9 ± 4.4 years. Weight-bearing radiographs at 3 separate time points (before the surgical procedure, 6 months postoperatively, and at the final follow-up) were used. The feet were classified as corrected, undercorrected, or overcorrected on the basis of the radiographic parameters.

Results:

At the final follow-up, we classified 98 feet (34.8%) as corrected, 58 (20.6%) as undercorrected, and 126 (44.7%) as overcorrected. Foot-pressure analysis demonstrated that the undercorrected feet had higher relative vertical impulses in the medial forefoot and medial midfoot than in the other groups, whereas the overcorrected feet had higher impulse in the lateral midfoot. There were no significant differences in preoperative radiographic parameters between the 3 groups, except for the calcaneal pitch angle. At 6 months after the surgical procedure, we classified 181 feet (64.2%) as corrected, 58 (20.6%) as undercorrected, and 43 (15.2%) as overcorrected. However, 53.6% of initially corrected feet changed to being undercorrected or overcorrected during further follow-up, 43.1% of the undercorrected feet became corrected or overcorrected, and 16.3% of the overcorrected feet became corrected. A younger age at the surgical procedure and lower naviculocuboid overlap at 6 months after the surgical procedure were the risk factors for overcorrection.

Conclusions:

Although CLO is an effective method for correcting planovalgus foot deformities and enhancing foot-pressure distribution, the extent of correction observed early after the surgical procedure was not necessarily sustained over the follow-up period in individuals with CP. Furthermore, our findings highlight a noticeable tendency toward the overcorrection of the deformity, as evidenced by increased pressure exerted on the lateral midfoot.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Lisfranc Fracture-dislocation With Extensor Hallucis Brevis Tendon Interposition
Authors: McCahon Joseph , Denmark Grant , Bridges Tiffany N. , Trionfo Arianna
Published: January 2025

Case:

A 14-year-old adolescent girl sustained a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation with an interposed extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) tendon. Following multiple failed attempts at closed reduction in both the emergency department and the operating room, the patient was treated in a staged manner with temporizing closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in improved alignment, followed by definitive open reduction and internal fixation once soft tissues allowed.

Conclusions:

Anatomic reduction and stable fixation of Lisfranc injuries is vital to regain stability and reduce the risk of midfoot arthritis and collapse. To our knowledge, this is the only case report describing the EHB tendon as a block to reduction of a Lisfranc fracture-dislocation.
Evaluating Nonoperative Treatment of Achilles Tendon Ruptures Within the Military Health System
Authors: Dalessandro Ashley , Gomez Christopher , Beaver Erin
Published: January 2025

The management of Achilles tendon ruptures continues to be a debated topic. Despite the recent trend toward nonoperative management, research focusing on nonoperative management outcomes is scarce. Research regarding risk factors of prolonged recovery in nonoperatively treated patients is even more limited. Our study is a retrospective, single-cohort study that evaluated if there is a statistically significant difference in patient and treatment characteristics in average recovery vs. prolonged recovery in nonoperatively treated Achilles tendon ruptures. We hypothesized that there is a statistically significant difference in duration of immobilization in the average recovery group vs. patients in the prolonged recovery group in nonoperatively treated Achilles tendon ruptures. Secondarily, we hypothesized that there is a statistically significant difference in patient and treatment characteristics in terms of when patients start physical therapy (PT) after injury, presence of comorbidities, and nicotine use in average recovery vs. prolonged recovery groups in nonoperatively treated Achilles tendon ruptures. To test these hypotheses, we evaluated patients treated nonoperatively for an Achilles tendon tear within the Military Health System from June 2017 to December 2022. Our study found that the duration of immobilization, the duration of time from the date of injury to start of PT, and number of PT appointments were each statistically significant in predicting the return-to-activity (RTA) time (p < 0.03). Our study also found that these 3 variables were all statistically significant predictors of determining if a patient would experience a prolonged RTA time (p < 0.04).
Motivación laboral y su influencia en el clima organizacional en los trabajadores de un operador logístico integral, distrito de Lurín (Lima - Perú), 2022
Authors:   , Vela Hugo Angela Dona , Campusano Cebrecos Rita Esperanza
Published: January 2025

En los últimos años, la motivación laboral se ha convertido en una gran herramienta para optimizar el clima organizacional, ya que así, los colaboradores adoptan un alto nivel de compromiso organizacional, viéndose reflejado en la cooperación y autonomía de cada uno de ellos en la toma de decisiones encaminadas al desarrollo y mejora de la empresa. La pesquisa tuvo como objetivo general examinar como la motivación laboral influye en el clima organizacional del operador logístico integral objeto de estudio. El marco metodológico de la pesquisa adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando un diseño transeccional correlacional-causal; además, la población y muestra consistieron en 81 colaboradores del operador logístico integral. Los resultados de la investigación proyectaron la situación actual de la empresa y la influencia que tiene la motivación laboral sobre el clima organizacional y cada una de sus dimensiones. A través de la regresión lineal, se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0.884 y un coeficiente de eterminación (R-cuadrado) de 0.781 (78.1%). Con base en esto, se recomienda que la empresa implemente programas de reconocimiento, recompensas, capacitación y comunicación abierta para brindarles a los colaboradores oportunidades de desarrollo profesional que les permita alcanzar nuevas habilidades y conocimientos, así como generar mayor compromiso hacia la empresa.
Distribución del crecimiento económico y el desempeño del Estado a nivel municipal en Colombia. Reflexiones de la gestión local a partir de un enfoque espacial
Authors: Romero-Bolívar Fabián Leonardo
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo y enfoque establecer la existencia de patrones espaciales en la distribución del crecimiento económico y el desempeño del Estado a nivel municipal en Colombia durante el año 2020. Para la metodología se consideraron datos de entidades gubernamentales de Colombia relacionados con el PIB per cápita y el desempeño municipal, se utilizaron técnicas de medición de la desigualdad como dispersión, la curva de Lorenz, el coeficiente de Gini, el índice de Theil y las métricas de Atkinson y Pietra; adicionalmente, se utilizó el análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales (AEDE), por medio del índice de Morán y el análisis de clústeres espaciales. Como resultado, los municipios de categoría espacial presentaron la menor desigualdad y los de categoría sexta, la mayor. Por otra parte, se encontró un patrón de distribución espacial estadísticamente significativo que sigue un comportamiento de autocorrelación espacial positiva en las variables seleccionadas. A manera de conclusión, se coligan los resultados que hay en un entramado de relaciones intermunicipales que hace que tanto el crecimiento económico como el desempeño del Estado a nivel municipal tenga una fuerte dependencia del entorno próximo de los municipios, su vecindario. La contrastación de la hipótesis planteada en este trabajo pone de relieve la necesidad de incorporar el componente espacial en las políticas públicas, como las transferencias e incentivos fiscales, dirigidas a reducir las desigualdades entre municipios.
Navigating life Post-Cancer Diagnosis in women: Symptom Clusters and Influencing Factors
Authors: Nguyen Huyen Thi Hoa , Duong Duc Trung , Tran Tran Ngoc , Nguyen Anh Chau , Hac My Huyen , Do Quyen Thu , Tran Thanh Hai , Tran Duc Quang , Hoang Huong Thi Xuan
Published: January 2025

Aims: 1) To identify symptom clusters in Vietnamese women with cancer and 2) to examine the factors influencing those identified clusters.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 hospitals across Vietnam from September to December 2023. A total of 217 valid data sets from women with cancer were included. The symptom clusters were identified by exploratory factor analyses.
Results: Fatigue and appetite loss were recognized as the most common symptoms. The exploratory factor analysis showed two distinct groups of factors, occupying 54.66% of total variance: fatigue, appetite loss, pain, sleep issues, hair loss, nausea, and sexual issues (Factor 1 – physical cluster) and mood issues, personal stress, depression, and anxiety (Factor 2 – psychological cluster). In terms of factors influencing two clusters, smoking demonstrated a marginally non-significant negative association with Factor 1 - physical health (R2=1.44%), while physical activity illustrated a significant negative association with Factor 2 - mental health (R2= 7.25%).
Conclusions: The physical and psychological symptom clusters underlay symptom experiences complexity. Tailored interventions from healthcare providers are required to enhance patients’ outcomes and quality of life.
Assessing the local impacts of increasing high-temperature extremes at Euro-Mediterranean airports on aircraft takeoff performance
Authors: Gallardo Victoria , Sánchez-Gómez Emilia , Riber Eleonore , Bonnet Serge , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro
Published: January 2025

The increasing intensity and frequency of high-temperature extreme events due to climate change negatively affects aircraft takeoff performances. Warmer near-surface air temperatures result in lower aircraft lift and engine thrust, thereby reducing the aircraft’s weight-lifting capacity at takeoff. This study evaluates the potential impact of the future changes in high-temperature extremes on the aircraft’s Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) at the airports in the Euro-Mediterranean region —a climate change hotspot. Major, regional and small airports are considered. First, the evolution of high-temperature extremes at the airports is assessed using climate observations for the baseline period 1961-1990, and future climate projections under the most severe climate change scenario RCP8.5 for the periods 2021-2050 (near-term future) and 2041-2071 (medium-term future). Simulations from both Regional and Global Climate Models (RCMs and GCMs) belonging to the Euro-CORDEX and CMIP5 frameworks, respectively, are considered in a Multi-Model Ensemble approach. Second, the MTOW is obtained by combining the climate data with aircraft technical data and applying an empirical law from the aeronautical sector, which relates the MTOW to
the ambient temperature. The induced changes in MTOWare estimated for widebody, narrow-body and small regional aircrafts, widely used in global commercial aviation. Results indicate that most of Euro-Mediterranean airports could experience a decrease in MTOW, as early as the next three decades, at least for one aircraft type. For wide-bodies and narrow-bodies, these reductions are of the order of tons, according to the MME means of the RCMs and the GCMs: up to 7 tons in the near term and up to 11 tons in the medium term. Regional aircrafts would experience MTOW reductions of hundreds of kgs. This could have a socio-economic impact, either from possible weight restrictions, flight delays or cancellations. The results of this study could guide the design of adaptation strategies at the European level, aimed at building a climate change-resilient aviation network and ensuring that European aviation will be prepared for future extreme heat events.
Facilitators and Barriers for a Stepped-Care Approach to promote Return to Work of Employees with Distress. A Multi-Perspective Qualitative Study
Authors: Lettinga Hanneke A. M. , Oostrom Sandra H. van , Zijlstra Hendrika P. , Anema Johannes R. , Proper Karin I.
Published: January 2025

Purpose. A stepped-care approach, beginning with a low-intensity e-Health program followed by a high-intensity Participatory Approach led by a return-to-work (RTW) coordinator is a promising intervention to promote RTW of employees on sick leave with distress. As this approach is new, determinants of its successful implementation remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the expected facilitators and barriers for a stepped-care approach to promote RTW of employees with distress, from the perspective of employees, employers and occupational physicians.
Methods. A qualitative study was performed consisting of individual semi-structured interviews with 10 employees, 5 supervisors and two focus groups with (in total) 18 occupational physicians. The verbatim transcripts were first thematically coded, final themes and names were constructed based on The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
Results. Themes within the CFIR domains “innovation”, “outer setting”, “inner setting” and “characteristics of the individual” were identified. From all three perspectives, identified facilitators were the tailored program, enabling adjustment of tasks to the need of the employee and the RTW-coordinator to stimulate a good communicative relationship between employee and supervisor. Barriers identified were the timing of the stepped-care approach, the possibility of having too many services deployed at the same time for the employee, and low digital skills .
Conclusion. Successful implementation of the stepped-care approach requires attention to all four CFIR domains. The possibility to tailor the intervention, supporting communication and balancing service delivery are important to facilitate the implementation of the stepped-care approach.
Trial Registration: ISRCTN: 90663076. Registered on 5 October 2023.
Simultaneous topology and path optimization for 3D concrete printing based on discrete frame structures
Authors: Liao Minmao , Sun Xiao , Chen Zhaohui
Published: January 2025

A novel methodology is introduced for simultaneously optimizing both the structural topology and printing paths in 3D concrete printing (3DCP). Drawing inspiration from the inherent geometric characteristics of 3DCP, this approach anchors its optimization framework within discrete frame structures. Beyond conventional frame topology optimization, we introduced the concept of simultaneous path optimization, bridging the gap between optimal design conception and its seamless realization in manufacturing. Leveraging the mechanical anisotropy inherent to 3DCP, we strategically orient the printing directions such that each frame member is printed along its longitudinal axis, optimizing for strength and material efficiency. To ensure direct printability, we impose constraints whereby the width of each member must be an integer multiple of the nozzle size, and the printing path must traverse continuously, covering the entire design without any intersections or overlaps. An Eulerian circuit, rooted in graph theory, fulfills part of these requirements, with additional constraints introduced to rigorously eliminate intersections and overlaps. The comprehensive simultaneous optimization problem is then formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP), which is readily solvable. The application of this methodology to various test problems has yielded successful outcomes, demonstrating the efficacy and practicality of our approach in achieving simultaneous optimization of both structural topology and printing paths in 3DCP.