bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape-dependent oxidation rates of nano-structured silver particles
Authors: Chaparro Diego , Goudeli Eirini
Published: September 2024

Reactive molecular dynamics is used to investigate the oxidation of anisotropic silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) of various shapes, including sphere, cube, disk, cylinder, triangle, and pyramid. The effect of the nano-Ag initial morphology on their stability and composition during oxidation is quantified. Surface oxidation at 600 K leads to the formation of a core–shell structure for all nano-Ag shapes. The surface composition of facet orientations of pristine nano-Ag can be correlated with particle stability due to their different surface energies and oxygen reactivity. In particular, pyramid and triangular nano-Ag, having a high surface fraction of (110) facets, are more prone to morphological changes upon oxidation and loss of their crystallinity, compared to nanospheres and nanocubes, which exhibit the highest stability among all shapes, attributed to the large fraction of highly coordinated atoms. Spherical and cubic nano-Ag oxidize faster, owing to their large surface fractions of (100) and (111) facets, which are more reactive than (110) ones. Understanding the effect of surface crystal structure and shape of anisotropic nano-Ag can improve the design of superior metal oxide nanomaterials with desired characteristics.
Single degree of freedom vortex induced vibration of undulatory seal whiskers at low Reynolds number and various angles of attack: A computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: Geng Biao , Zheng Xudong , Xue Qian
Published: September 2024

The cross-flow vortex-induced vibration (VIV) response of an elastically mounted idealized undulatory seal whisker (USW) shape is investigated in a wide range of reduced velocity at angles of attack (AOAs) from 0° to 90° and a low Reynolds number of 300. The mass ratio is set to 1.0 to represent the real seal whisker. Dynamic mode decomposition is used to investigate the vortex shedding mode in various cases. In agreement with past studies, the VIV response of the USW is highly AOA-dependent because of the change in the underlying vortex dynamics. At zero AOA, the undulatory shape leads to a hairpin vortex mode that results in extremely low lift force oscillation with a lowered frequency. The frequency remains unaffected by VIV throughout the tested range of reduced velocity. As the AOA deviates from zero, alternating shedding of spanwise vortices becomes dominant. A mixed vortex shedding mode is observed at AOA = 15° in the transition. As the AOA deviated from zero, the VIV amplitude increases rapidly by two orders, reaching the maximum of about 3 times diameter at 90°. An infinite lock-in branch is present for AOA from 60° to 90°, where the VIV amplitude remains high regardless of the increase in reduced velocity.
Nonlinear Langevin functionals for a driven probe
Authors: Caspers Juliana , Krüger Matthias
Published: September 2024

When a probe particle immersed in a fluid with nonlinear interactions is subject to strong driving, the cumulants of the stochastic force acting on the probe are nonlinear functionals of the driving protocol. We present a Volterra series for these nonlinear functionals by applying nonlinear response theory in a path integral formalism, where the emerging kernels are shown to be expressed in terms of connected equilibrium correlation functions. The first cumulant is the mean force, the second cumulant characterizes the non-equilibrium force fluctuations (noise), and higher order cumulants quantify non-Gaussian fluctuations. We discuss the interpretation of this formalism in relation to Langevin dynamics. We highlight two example scenarios of this formalism. (i) For a particle driven with the prescribed trajectory, the formalism yields the non-equilibrium statistics of the interaction force with the fluid. (ii) For a particle confined in a moving trapping potential, the formalism yields the non-equilibrium statistics of the trapping force. In simulations of a model of nonlinearly interacting Brownian particles, we find that nonlinear phenomena, such as shear-thinning and oscillating noise covariance, appear in third- or second-order response, respectively.
Comparison and analysis on comprehensive performance of CO2 multiphase refrigeration systems using liquefied natural gas cold energy
Authors: Ning Jinghong , Ma Zhicheng , Zhang Qingyu , Wang Nuanhou , Yang Xin
Published: September 2024

In order to fully apply liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy to the refrigeration system, four different types of CO2 multiphase refrigeration systems using LNG cold energy are designed. In this paper, (1) CO2 single-stage compressed solid and gas phase refrigeration cycle (SSCC1), (2) CO2 single-stage compressed solid and solid phase refrigeration cycle (SSCC2), (3) CO2 double-stage compressed solid and gas phase refrigeration cycle (DSCC1), and (4) CO2 double-stage compressed solid and solid phase refrigeration cycle (DSCC2) are combined with CO2 liquid phase secondary refrigerant cycle (RC), respectively, to effectively use LNG cold energy. The performance analysis, exergy analysis, economic analysis, and CO2 emission analysis of the proposed systems are carried out by establishing the mathematical models. The results show that the intermediate pressure of DSCC1-RC and DSCC2-RC reaches the best performance at 0.3 MPa, and the system performance decreases with the increase in intermediate temperature. The refrigerating capacity of the CO2 liquid phase secondary refrigerant cycle, the COP, and the exergy efficiency of four kinds of CO2 multiphase refrigeration systems decrease with the increase in the refrigerating capacity of the CO2 refrigeration cycle, while the power consumption of SSCC2-RC and DSCC2-RC decreases, SSCC1-RC and DSCC1-RC increased. The system with the shortest exergy loss is DSCC2-RC at 654.01 kW, while the system with the shortest payback period is SSCC2-RC at 0.88 years, and DSCC2-RC has the smallest CO2 emission. Four CO2 multiphase refrigeration systems and the ammonia combined refrigeration system with the same total refrigerating capacity are compared and analyzed, respectively; the results show that the performance, economy, and CO2 emission of CO2 multiphase refrigeration system are better than those of ammonia combined refrigeration system; and the exergy loss of CO2 multiphase refrigeration system is generally larger than that of ammonia combined refrigeration system because of the large temperature difference in heat transfer.
Study on secondary motions in supersonic boundary layers of a bent pipe
Authors: Chen Huifeng , Liang Changhai , Yang Yixin , Sun Mingbo , Long Wenxiao , Li Wenming , Wang Hongbo , Xiong Dapeng , Wang Taiyu
Published: September 2024

The present study employed direct numerical simulation to investigate the supersonic flow of Mach 3 in a bent pipe with a curvature of 0.0825, elucidating the dynamic mechanism of secondary motions within the turbulent boundary layer. The findings indicate that the compressible flow, affected by the wall curvature, is differentiated into several motion patterns as the bending angle increases: a portion of the outer fluid close to the wall, driven by the circumferential pressure gradient, moves inward through the lateral wall, causing an increase in the mass rate toward the lateral boundary layer and promoting the circumferential transport of energy and vorticity; other outer fluids at the start of the bent section, due to the centrifugal force, approach the wall to form a thinner boundary layer downstream; meanwhile, the fluid near the inner wall experiences the expansion, followed by the flow separation and reattachment at a bending angle of 14.6° and 22.0°, respectively, which induce a shear layer that develops from the inner end point toward the mainstream center, gradually reshaping the high-speed flow area within the pipe cross section into a U-shape, and enhancing the vorticity and temperature field of the inner region. Additionally, this study reveals a remarkable phenomenon that the separated flow in a localized inner region forms a rotating field, inducing vortices distinct from the mainstream Dean vortices in the low-speed flow region enclosed by the shear layer.
Numerical study of shock-induced thermochemical nonequilibrium effects in a high Mach flow field
Authors: Zhang Jincheng , Wang Zhenguo , Liu Chao-Yang , Sun Mingbo , Wang Hongbo , Ai Junding
Published: September 2024

As Mach number increases, thermochemical nonequilibrium is recognized as potentially affecting the flow field structure, as well as mixing and combustion characteristics, where shock-induced thermochemical nonequilibrium is a common and crucial phenomenon in compressible flow fields. A numerical study of shock-induced thermochemical nonequilibrium effects within a high Mach flow field of the electre vehicle is conducted by employing a two-temperature model-based solver hy2foam. The validation through experimental and simulation data confirms that hy2foam coupled with Park's two-temperature model and Park's five-species mechanism correctly predicts the flow structure and nonequilibrium characteristics. Four regime cases of thermochemical equilibrium, thermal nonequilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium, and thermochemical nonequilibrium are designed for comparison. First, the mechanism of shock-induced nonequilibrium is revealed. The shock induces the thermal nonequilibrium to occur instantly, and then the equilibrium is reestablished by undergoing the relaxation process. However, chemical nonequilibrium works delayed after the shock, and the high temperature induced by the shock motivates deviation from the chemical equilibrium by turning on chemical reactions. Further comparison of the four cases reveals that thermodynamic nonequilibrium significantly affects both shock position and intensity. In contrast, chemical nonequilibrium only significantly affects the distance to the shock detachment. Furthermore, it is found that thermodynamic and chemical nonequilibria behave in a complex coupling relationship after the shock.
Evaluation of the power loss in IGBT single transistor device under the condition of pulse duration of 100 ns
Authors: Yang Zenghui , Hu Taizhuang , Li Diangeng , Zhang Huibo , Zhang Zicheng
Published: September 2024

The improvement in the reliability and lifespan of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices and the enhancement of system efficiency under high-frequency pulse conditions are receiving increasingly wide attention, and all of these are closely related to the evaluation of the power loss of the IGBT. The traditional method for assessing the power loss of the IGBT is through curve fitting of the dual-pulse experimental results, without delving into the conduction process of the IGBT and without considering the IGBT model itself and the parasitic parameters present in the test circuit. In response to the condition of a pulse duration of 100 ns for IGBT single devices, a universal test circuit has been designed to measure the collector-emitter voltage waveform and the collector current waveform. A method based on Computer Simulation Technology for field-circuit co-simulation to evaluate the power loss of the IGBT has been proposed, which takes into account the parasitic parameters in the actual circuit. In this method, the 3D model of the IGBT device, as well as the circuit model of the test circuit, is established. The power loss curve of the IGBT was obtained from the evaluation model, and the results agree well with the power loss curve obtained from experiments. This method provides guidance for seeking lower power loss in order to improve the reliability and lifespan of the IGBT, as well as enhance system efficiency. It also provides theoretical guidance for further research on the thermal damage mechanism of the IGBT.
A semi-automated quantum-mechanical workflow for the generation of molecular monolayers and aggregates
Authors: Kohn J. T. , Grimme S. , Hansen A.
Published: September 2024

Organic electronics (OE) such as organic light-emitting diodes or organic solar cells represent an important and innovative research area to achieve global goals like environmentally friendly energy production. To accelerate OE material discovery, various computational methods are employed. For the initial generation of structures, a molecular cluster approach is employed. Here, we present a semi-automated workflow for the generation of monolayers and aggregates using the GFNn-xTB methods and composite density functional theory (DFT-3c). Furthermore, we present the novel D11A8MERO dye interaction energy benchmark with high-level coupled cluster reference interaction energies for the assessment of efficient quantum chemical and force-field methods. GFN2-xTB performs similar to low-cost DFT, reaching DFT/mGGA accuracy at two orders of magnitude lower computational cost. As an example application, we investigate the influence of the dye aggregate size on the optical and electrical properties and show that at least four molecules in a cluster model are needed for a qualitatively reasonable description.
Nitrosation mechanisms, kinetics, and dynamics of the guanine and 9-methylguanine radical cations by nitric oxide—Radical–radical combination at different electron configurations
Authors: Benny Jonathan , Saito Toru , Liu Jianbo
Published: September 2024

As a precursor to various reactive nitrogen species formed in biological systems, nitric oxide (•NO) participates in numerous processes, including enhancing DNA radiosensitivity in ionizing radiation-based radiotherapy. Forming guanine radical cations is another common DNA lesion resulting from ionization and oxidation damage. As such, the interaction of •NO with guanine radical cations (G•+) may contribute to the radiosensitization of •NO. An intriguing aspect of this process is the participation of multiple spin configurations in the reaction, including open-shell singlet 1,OS[G•+(↑)⋯(↓)•NO], closed-shell singlet 1,CS[G(↑↓)⋯NO+], and triplet 3[G•+(↑)⋯(↑)•NO]. In this study, the reactions of •NO with both unsubstituted guanine radical cations (in the 9HG•+ conformation) and 9-methylguanine radical cations (9MG•+, a guanosine-mimicking model compound) were investigated in the absence and presence of monohydration of radical cations. Kinetic-energy dependent reaction product ions and cross sections were measured using an electrospray ionization guided-ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and dynamics were comprehended by interpreting the reaction potential energy surface using spin-projected density functional theory, coupled cluster theory, and multiconfiguration complete active space second-order perturbation theory, followed by RRKM kinetics modeling. The combined experimental and computational findings revealed closed-shell singlet 1,CS[7-NO-9MG]+ as the major, exothermic product and triplet 3[8-NO-9MG]+ as the minor, endothermic product. Singlet biradical products were not detected due to high reaction endothermicities, activation barriers, and inherent instability.
Suppression of aerosol dispersion by highly viscoelastic poly(acrylic acid)- and poly(ethylene oxide)-based coolants during bone drilling
Authors: Huh Jungwoo , Lim Woojin , Mayagozel Abdyrahymova , Kim Seongdong , Aldalbahi Ali , Rahaman Mostafizur , Choi Jong-Il , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: September 2024

Bone drilling in neurosurgical, dental, and orthopedic procedures, combined with the use of coolants, generates a dispersion of bone particles, coolants, and blood aerosols in the air. This poses the threat of airborne transmission of infectious diseases between patients and medical practitioners. Highly viscoelastic polymeric poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions of various concentrations were used as coolants during bone drilling at different mass flow rates to suppress aerosol generation, thereby mitigating the threat of cross-infection. The results revealed that the PAA and PEO solutions provide less advection than water and a comparable cooling performance. However, excessive viscoelasticity of PEO causes the fluid to rise along the cutting burr (the Weissenberg effect), thereby reducing the cooling coverage area. In contrast, slightly lower viscoelasticity of PEO results in a high cooling coverage area. The cooling coverage area is smaller for the PAA at 20 ml/min because the corresponding PAA solution easily swirls or splashes away from the drilling location. However, at 80 ml/min, the supplied PAA solution sufficiently cools the drilling area, despite the loss through splashing. The numbers of atomized droplets of water and the PAA and PEO solutions were quantified and compared to investigate the degree of aerosol formation and dispersion. The solution with the strongest viscoelasticity most significantly suppressed aerosolization and produced the fewest dispersed aerosol droplets during bone drilling.
Capillary wave-assisted collapse of non-Newtonian droplets
Authors: He Ziwen , Tran Huy , Pack Min Y.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the peripheral capillary wave propagation during droplet impact is crucial for comprehending the physics of wetting onset and droplet fragmentation. Although Newtonian droplets have been extensively studied, we show how capillary waves deform non-Newtonian droplets in such a way that rheological features, such as the critical concentrations for the overlap (c*) and entangled polymer molecules (c**), may be directly obtained from the deformation history. Determining these critical concentrations is essential as they mark transitions in the rheological behavior of aqueous polymeric solutions, influencing viscosity, elasticity, and associated fluid dynamics. We have also compared capillary waves among Newtonian, shear-thinning, and Boger fluid droplets and found that although the fluid kinematics appear to be purely biaxial extensional flow, the infinite-shear properties of the droplets dominate the physics of capillary wave formation and propagation.
Investigation on the vibrational relaxation and ultrafast electronic dynamics of S1 state in 2,4-difluoroanisole
Authors: Cao Ling , Wang Yanmei , Lu Xin , Zhang Song
Published: September 2024

Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) has a profound impact on dynamic processes. We have studied two types of IVR processes, restricted and dissipative, and ultrafast dynamics of the S1 state of 2,4-difluoroanisole using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The restricted IVR occurs in the intermediate regime of 219 cm−1 vibrational level, and the dissipative IVR occurs in the statistical regime of 1200 cm−1. The lifetimes of IVR processes are measured to be 90 and 11 ps, respectively, depending on the internal energies of the S1 state and differ by a factor of eight. Similar subsequent dynamics were observed at two vibrational levels in the S1 state. The population undergoes IVR following the initial excitation and subsequently leaks into a triplet state, accompanied by intersystem crossing within ∼400 ps followed by a slower nonradiative relaxation of the triplet state on the nanosecond time scale. Furthermore, the values of 3s and 3px Rydberg states of 2,4-difluoroanisole were experimentally determined to be 5.02 and 6.28 eV.
Dissociative electron attachment and Ar+ reaction with chromium hexacarbonyl, 296–400 K
Authors: Miller Thomas M. , Rodriguez Virginia G. , Ard Shaun G. , Viggiano Albert A. , Shuman Nicholas S.
Published: September 2024

Dissociative electron attachment rate constants have been measured for Cr(CO)6 under thermal conditions, 296–400 K, yielding Cr(CO)5− product. At 296 K, 2.92 ± 0.70 cm3 s−1 was measured and a small decrease with temperature was observed (2.72 ± 0.70 cm3 s−1 at 400 K). We additionally determined the cation products of Ar+ reacting with Cr(CO)6.
Residency and movement patterns of juvenile yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis, stocked on estuarine artificial reefs
Authors: Becker Alistair , Dworjanyn Symon A. , Mos Benjamin , Niella Yuri V. , Smith James A. , Lowry Michael B. , Taylor Matthew D.
Published: September 2024

Context Successful fish stocking relies upon releasing cohorts directly into habitat containing suitable supporting resources. To facilitate this, an emerging trend has seen fish released onto artificial reefs. Aims We compared the residency and movement patterns of juvenile sparids (yellowfin bream – Acanthopagrus australis), stocked on artificial reefs and natural habitat, to determine the suitability of incorporating artificial structures as release sites in future stocking programs. Methods Forty hatchery-reared yellowfin bream were evenly divided and stocked on either artificial reef or natural habitat within an east-Australian estuary, and tracked using acoustic telemetry. Key results Artificial reefs provided greater habitat complexity than the natural habitat and fish stocked onto these structures showed greater fidelity to their release site and were detected for longer periods of time than those stocked into less complex natural habitat. Conclusions The high residency levels of fish around artificial reef sites indicate they contain resources to support stocked juvenile sparids. Implications Stocked yellowfin bream can tolerate a range of salinity and temperatures, allowing flexibility in stocking programs. Future stocking of bream or other sparids should consider releasing fish onto artificial reefs where available. Additionally, the deployment of reefs could aid existing stocking programs.
Unveiling the DHX15–G-patch interplay in retroviral RNA packaging
Authors: Dostálková Alžběta , Křížová Ivana , Junková Petra , Racková Jana , Kapisheva Marina , Novotný Radim , Danda Matěj , Zvonařová Karolína , Šinkovec Larisa , Večerková Kateřina , Bednárová Lucie , Ruml Tomáš , Rumlová Michaela
Published: September 2024

We explored how a simple retrovirus, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) to facilitate its replication process, utilizes DHX15, a cellular RNA helicase, typically engaged in RNA processing. Through advanced genetic engineering techniques, we showed that M-PMV recruits DHX15 by mimicking cellular mechanisms, relocating it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to aid in viral assembly. This interaction is essential for the correct packaging of the viral genome and critical for its infectivity. Our findings offer unique insights into the mechanisms of viral manipulation of host cellular processes, highlighting a sophisticated strategy that viruses employ to leverage cellular machinery for their replication. This study adds valuable knowledge to the understanding of viral–host interactions but also suggests a common evolutionary history between cellular processes and viral mechanisms. This finding opens a unique perspective on the export mechanism of intron-retaining mRNAs in the packaging of viral genetic information and potentially develop ways to stop it.
Using acoustic-phonetic simulations to model historical sound change
Authors: Hudson Toby , Wei Jonathan , Coleman John
Published: September 2024

We introduce a method for investigating sound change using audio proxies and interpolation between them. Using
this method leads us to consider the possible trajectories of attested sound changes in acoustic space and allows us to run speech
perception experiments with the interpolated sounds to examine the patterning of perceptual judgements. We discuss the
implications for understanding rate and magnitude of sound changes and present the approach as one which might fruitfully be
applied to a wide range of studies.
Politics, variation, and politeness on Andalusian Twitter (X)
Authors: Pollock Matthew
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on sociolinguistic variation and politeness on the social media platform Twitter
(X) to track the decline in the second person plural ustedes form among politicians in southern and
northern-central Spain. An analysis of politeness in computer-mediated communication (CMC) identified pragmatic
differences across politicians and showed how second-person plural variation plays a role in politeness and regional
identity work. The study found that the use of impoliteness on social media is on the rise, while use of
ustedes is low and used in specific contexts. From a variationist perspective, impoliteness
correlates with ustedes use against political opponents, and shows that politicians employ this form
as a means of creating social distance between themselves and rivals.
The intonation of yes-no questions in bilingual Gipuzkoan Spanish and Basque from Irun
Authors: Delgado Nerea
Published: September 2024

This study examines the intonation of information-seeking yes-no questions in bilingual Spanish and
Basque from Irun, Gipuzkoa, and considers the effects of language dominance in describing intonational patterns. Data
from 13 bilingual speakers show that falling contours (most commonly (¡)H* L%) predominate in both languages,
especially among Basque-dominant bilinguals. Rising contours (namely L* H% and H* LH%) occur more frequently than
previously reported for Basque Spanish. We argue that this result stems from the linguistic reality of Irun, where the
use of Spanish is more widespread. Overall, most participants produced the same contours in both languages, which
suggests that they utilize a common intonation inventory.
More than occlusions
Authors: Garza Rachel S. , Willis Erik W. , Melero-García Fernando
Published: September 2024

The Spanish /ɾ/-/r/ contrast is prototypically maintained by number of occlusions; however,
heritage and monolingual Spanish speakers also produce /r/ with one occlusion, using closure duration of the rhotic to
maintain contrast. In the present study, 43 Spanish heritage speakers heard 40 Spanish words containing word-medial
/ɾ/ with a closure duration between 22 ms and 85 ms. Using two types of tasks, a 2AFC heatmap categorical task and
continuous rating Visual Analog Slider, listeners indicated whether they perceived a word containing /ɾ/ or /r/.
Results of a binomial linear regression suggest that as closure duration increases, the probability of perceiving the
phonemic trill increased significantly (β = −1.289, p < 0.001), with type of
bilingualism and word-pair also being significant.
Critical language awareness, heritage learners, and (non)dynamic language ideologies in a Spanish in the US
course
Authors: McKinnon Sean , Elias Vanessa
Published: September 2024

Given exposure to hegemonic language ideologies from multiple sources and actors in larger society,
a key component of critical language awareness (CLA) pedagogy is to raise students’ critical consciousness about them.
Therefore, the present study examines how seven Spanish heritage language speakers’ language ideologies influence
their linguistic self-conceptualization before and after taking a CLA-informed course on Spanish in the US. The
results provide evidence that most participants either questioned dominant language ideologies (e.g., monoglossic and
standard language) when it came to conceptualizing their own Spanish or directly challenged them in their daily lives
after completing the course. However, some participant reflections expressed hegemonic language ideologies at the end
of the semester, which mirrors findings from previous research that measure critical awareness post-instruction.
Pragmatic competence in virtual environments
Authors: Collentine Karina
Published: September 2024

Virtual environments (VE) can mimic the dimensions that native speakers take into account in
authentic social interactions and are one of the instructional conditions that can promote pragmatic competence. I
present the results of a study examining the relationship between self-regulated behaviors in a VE and gains in
pragmatic competence. The VE was designed to promote knowledge of Spanish request parameters and employed
consciousness-raising (CR) features. Third-year learners of Spanish (N = 24) explored the VE by
approaching avatars and requesting various objects/favors to solve the task. Specifically, I focus on affordances
identified to predict pragmatic gains in the CR condition (Collentine &
Collentine, 2023) to study the extent to which CR features in VEs interact with and account for gains in
pragmatic abilities.
Methodological solutions for researching the variation of partitives in languages with rich nominal
morphology
Authors: Tamm Anne
Published: September 2024

This article examines methodologies for studying variation in partitives. It focuses on the challenges for
languages with rich nominal morphology. Translation questionnaires have been widely and efficiently applied for discovering
variation in Germanic and Romance partitives. We set up a mini questionnaire and provide its answers for Estonian to test the
method. The current research situation of the Estonian morphological partitive case variation allows us to spot some inadequacies
of this research instrument. We show the complexity of partitive variation across linguistic modules and discuss how the works
presented in this volume as well as other related recent research may provide ancillary instruments to mitigate the shortcomings
of a translation questionnaire. We close the discussion with some methodological alternatives open to morphologically complex
languages in their typical research situations, applied to Beserman pseudo partitives and Ukrainian partitive genitives, and some
synergies in recently applied methods.
Claudin 7 suppresses invasion and metastasis through repression of a smooth muscle actin program
Authors: West Junior J. , Golloshi Rosela , Cho Chae Yun , Wang Yuqian , Stevenson Parker , Stein-O’Brien Genevieve , Fertig Elana J. , Ewald Andrew J.
Published: September 2024

Metastasis initiates when cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, which requires changes to intercellular junctions. Claudins are transmembrane proteins that form the tight junction, and their expression is reduced in aggressive breast tumors. However, claudins’ roles during breast cancer metastasis remain unclear. We used gain- and loss-of-function genetics in organoids isolated from murine breast cancer models to establish that Cldn7 suppresses invasion and metastasis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Cldn7 knockdown induced smooth muscle actin (SMA)–related genes and a broader mesenchymal phenotype. We validated our results in human cell lines, fresh human tumor tissue, bulk RNA-seq, and public single-cell RNA-seq data. We consistently observed an inverse relationship between Cldn7 expression and expression of SMA-related genes. Furthermore, knockdown and overexpression of SMA-related genes demonstrated that they promote breast cancer invasion. Our data reveal that Cldn7 suppresses breast cancer invasion and metastasis through negative regulation of SMA-related and mesenchymal gene expression.
Mitochondria as a primary determinant of angiogenic modality in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Niihori Maki , James Joel , Varghese Mathews V. , McClain Nolan , Lawal Odunayo Susan , Philip Rohit C. , Baggett Brenda K. , Goncharov Dmitry A. , de Jesus Perez Vinicio , Goncharova Elena A. , Rafikov Ruslan , Rafikova Olga
Published: September 2024

Impaired pulmonary angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and patient mortality, yet the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain enigmatic. Our study uncovered a striking connection between mitochondrial dysfunction (MD), caused by a humanized mutation in the NFU1 gene, and severely disrupted pulmonary angiogenesis in adult lungs. Restoring the bioavailability of the NFU1 downstream target, lipoic acid (LA), alleviated MD and angiogenic deficiency and rescued the progressive PAH phenotype in the NFU1G206C model. Notably, significant NFU1 expression and signaling insufficiencies were also identified in idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients’ lungs, emphasizing this study’s relevance beyond NFU1 mutation cases. The remarkable improvement in mitochondrial function of PAH patient-derived pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) following LA supplementation introduces LA as a potential therapeutic approach. In conclusion, this study unveils a novel role for MD in dysregulated pulmonary angiogenesis and PAH manifestation, emphasizing the need to correct MD in PAH patients with unrecognized NFU1/LA deficiency.
Generalized Quantum Measurement in Spin-Correlated Hyperon-Antihyperon Decays
Authors: Wu 吴 Sihao 思浩 , Qian 钱 Chen 辰 , Yang 杨 Yang-Guang 阳光 , Wang 王 Qun 群
Published: September 2024

The rapid developments of quantum information science (QIS) have opened up new avenues for exploring fundamental physics. Quantum nonlocality, a key aspect for distinguishing quantum information from classical one, has undergone extensive examinations in particles’ decays through the violation of Bell-type inequalities. Despite these advancements, a comprehensive framework based on quantum information theory for particle interaction is still lacking. Trying to close this gap, we introduce a generalized quantum measurement description for decay processes of spin-1/2 hyperons. We validate this approach by aligning it with established theoretical calculations and apply it to the joint decay of

Λ

Λ
¯

pairs. We employ quantum simulation to observe the violation of Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequalities in

η
c

/

χ

c
0

→
Λ

Λ
¯

processes. Our generalized measurement description is adaptable and can be extended to a variety of high energy processes, including decays of vector mesons,

J
/
ψ
,
ψ
(
2
S
)
→
Λ

Λ
¯

, in the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The methodology developed in this study can be applied to quantum correlation and information processing in fundamental interactions.
Deep neural network-based molecular dynamics simulations for AlxGa1-
xN alloys and their thermal properties
Authors: Liu Xiangjun , Wang Di , Wang Baolong , Wang Quanjie , Sun Jisheng , Xiong Yucheng
Published: September 2024

Efficient heat dissipation is crucial for the performance and lifetime of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The thermal conductivity of materials and interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) play significant roles in their heat dissipation. To predict the thermal properties of Al
x
Ga1−x
N and the ITC of GaN/Al
x
Ga1−x
N in HEMTs, a dataset with first-principles accuracy was constructed using concurrent learning method and trained to obtain an interatomic potential employing deep neural networks (DNN) method. Using obtained DNN interatomic potential, equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to calculate the thermal conductivity of Al
x
Ga1−x
N, which showed excellent consistent with experimental results. Additionally, the phonon density of states of Al
x
Ga1−x
N and the ITC of GaN/Al
x
Ga1−x
N were calculated. Our study revealed a decrease in the ITC of GaN/Al
x
Ga1−x
N with increasing x, and the insertion of 1 nm-thick AlN at the interface significantly reduced the ITC. This work provided a high-fidelity DNN potential for MD simulations of Al
x
Ga1−x
N, offering valuable guidance for exploring the thermal transport of complex alloy and heterostructure.
Characterizing brain mechanics through 7 tesla magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Triolo Emily , Khegai Oleksandr , McGarry Matthew , Lam Tyson , Veraart Jelle , Alipour Akbar , Balchandani Priti , Kurt Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a non-invasive method for determining the mechanical response of tissues using applied harmonic deformation and motion-sensitive MRI. MRE studies of the human brain are typically performed at conventional field strengths, with a few attempts at the ultra-high field strength, 7T, reporting increased spatial resolution with partial brain coverage. Achieving high-resolution human brain scans using 7T MRE presents unique challenges of decreased octahedral shear strain-based signal-to-noise ratio (OSS-SNR) and lower shear wave motion sensitivity. In this study, we establish high resolution MRE at 7T with a custom 2D multi-slice single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence, using the Gadgetron advanced image reconstruction framework, applying Marchenko–Pastur Principal component analysis denoising, and using nonlinear viscoelastic inversion. These techniques allowed us to calculate the viscoelastic properties of the whole human brain at 1.1 mm isotropic imaging resolution with high OSS-SNR and repeatability. Using phantom models and 7T MRE data of eighteen healthy volunteers, we demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our method at high-resolution while quantifying the feasible tradeoff between resolution, OSS-SNR, and scan time. Using these post-processing techniques, we significantly increased OSS-SNR at 1.1 mm resolution with whole-brain coverage by approximately 4-fold and generated elastograms with high anatomical detail. Performing high-resolution MRE at 7T on the human brain can provide information on different substructures within brain tissue based on their mechanical properties, which can then be used to diagnose pathologies (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease), indicate disease progression, or better investigate neurodegeneration effects or other relevant brain disorders,in vivo.
Recent developments in tornado theory and observations
Authors: Rotunno Richard , Bluestein Howard B
Published: September 2024

This article critically reviews research on tornado theory and observations over the last decade. From the theoretical standpoint, the major advances have come through improved numerical-simulation models of supercell convective storms, which contain the tornado’s parent circulation. These simulations are carried out on a large domain (to capture the supercell’s circulation system), but with high grid resolution and improved representations of sub-grid physics (to capture the tornado). These simulations offer new insights into how and why tornadoes form in some supercells, but not others. Observational advances have come through technological improvements of mobile Doppler radars capable of rapid scanning and dual-polarization measurements, which offer a much more accurate view of tornado formation, tornado structure, and the tornado’s place within its parent supercell.
Impossibility of universal work extraction from coherence: reconciling axiomatic and resource-theory approaches
Authors: Plesnik Samuel , Violaris Maria
Published: September 2024

We compare how the impossibility of a universal work extractor from coherence arises from different approaches to quantum thermodynamics: an explicit protocol accounting for all relevant quantum resources, and axiomatic, information-theoretic constraints imposed by constructor theory. We first explain how the impossibility of a universal work extractor from coherence is directly implied by a recently proposed constructor-theoretic theorem based on distinguishability, which is scale- and dynamics- independent. Then we give an explicit demonstration of this result within quantum theory, by proving the impossibility of generalising a proposed quantum protocol for deterministically extracting work from coherence. We demonstrate a new connection between the impossibility of universal work extractors and constructor-based irreversibility, which was recently shown using the quantum homogenizer. Finally we discuss additional avenues for applying the constructor-theoretic formulation of work extraction to quantum thermodynamics, including the irreversibility of quantum computation and thermodynamics of multiple conserved quantities.
Adaptive point cloud thinning method based on point cloud saliency factor
Authors: Wu Xu , Shi Yangyang , Zheng Nanshan , Xiao Sizheng , Tian Yu , Zhang Jiabin
Published: September 2024

Point cloud thinning is an important data pre-processing method for saving computing resources and improving accuracy of point cloud matching. Aiming at the problems of insufficient feature extraction, poor environmental adaptation, and high computational complexity in existing methods, this study proposes a simplified method based on point cloud salient factors. This method first preprocesses the point cloud data, then calculates the significant factors of the point cloud, and uses the local curvature variance to perform adaptive region division. In the local area, the improved feature farthest point sampling (curvature identity farthest point sampling, CIFPS) algorithm is used to classify the point cloud. Perform thinning and finally obtain a simplified point cloud. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, we conducted a large number of experiments on our own experimental platform and public data sets, and compared it with several related point cloud simplification methods. Experimental results show that the average thinning time of our algorithm on 16-line LIDAR data is 23.67 ms, 32-line LIDAR is 50.74 ms, and 64-line LIDAR is 87.28 ms; the point cloud matching error is relative to that based on farthest point sampling and voxel Sampling and Laplacian sampling were reduced by 44.3%, 46.3%, and 23.7% respectively.
Impact of Ir doping on the thermoelectric transport properties of half-Heusler alloys
Authors: Abdelkebir B , Semari F , Charifi Z , Baaziz H , Ghellab T , Uğur Ş , Uğur G , Khenata R
Published: September 2024

Using density functional and and Boltzmann transport theories, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties

ZrCo

1
-
x

Ir

x

Sb

(x = 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, 1) half-Heusler alloys. The current work found that increasing the concentration of iridium (

Ir

x

) from x = 0 to 0.375 in the

ZrCo

1
-
x

Ir

x

Sb

alloys from room temperature to 800

K

significantly decreased thermal and electrical conductivity due to a shorter relaxation time. Furthermore, our results show that

ZrCo

0.625

Ir

0.375

Sb

has the highest Seebeck coefficient (353.93

μ
V
/
K

) at 300

K
,

thereby boosting its thermoelectric performance. Interestingly, the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) has exceptional value 1.01 by applying 25% (x = 0.25) of atomic doping of iridium (Ir) with a carrier concentration of

n
=
1.47
⋅

10

20

cm

-
3

at 1000

K

and 37.5% (x = 0.375) of atomic doping of iridium (Ir) with a carrier concentration of

n
=
7.23
⋅

10

19

cm

-
3

at 800

K
.

Calculations present important results on the suitability of the studied alloys for thermoelectric applications.
Revolutionizing swarm dynamics: the role of receptive fields in enhancing convergence and stability
Authors: Liu Sicong , He Ming , Li Chunbiao , Han Wei , Chen Haotian
Published: September 2024

The classic Vicsek model, while influential in understanding swarm behavior, has limitations in achieving motion consensus and convergence speed, especially under varying conditions of density and noise. This study aims to introduce a novel receptive field mechanism to the Vicsek model to enhance its performance in terms of motion consensus and convergence speed within swarms. The modified model divides a particle’s surrounding area into excitation and inhibition zones based on distinct functions. This structural modification is designed to enrich evolutionary behavior and improve consensus convergence capabilities. Experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed model achieves faster convergence rates towards motion consensus under various density and noise conditions compared to traditional models. Specifically, while classic Vicsek models fail to converge to an overall polarization state under high noise levels and exhibit quasi-periodic oscillations, the enhanced model demonstrates stable convergence without oscillatory behavior across both low- and high-noise environments. The findings highlight the superior evolutionary consistency characteristics of the improved model, offering new theoretical and practical insights into the stability and controllability of swarms. This advancement presents significant implications for the development of more robust swarm systems.
Rogue waves and nonzero background solutions for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a parabolic potential
Authors: Xie Jiajie , Zhang Da-jun , Zhao Xuehui
Published: September 2024

In this paper an integrable Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a parabolic potential and a gain term is investigated. Its solutions with a nonzero background are derived. These solutions are constructed by using biliearization reduction approach and connections between the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The solutions are presented in double-Wronskian form and are classified in terms of canonical forms of a certain matrix. Various breathers and rogue waves are analyzed and illustrated.
Prediction of optical properties of uniaxial hyperbolic nanospheres via artificial neural network
Authors: Arumona A E , Johnson A
Published: September 2024

In this study, absorption and scattering multilayer perceptron models are developed and validated to predict the optical spectra of uniaxial hyperbolic nanospheres. The finite difference time domain method is used to generate the dataset of the absorption and scattering optical spectra. The models’ optimal performance is achieved for 5 hidden layers and 80 neurons for the absorption and the same hidden layers with 120 neurons for the scattering. The predictions by the model on the test dataset give a low average mean squared error of 0.000145 for the absorption and 0.00071 for the scattering. We also performed a robustness test by using parameters outside the initial parameters used for the training and the predictions are in good agreement with the actual datasets for both absorption and scattering. This research shows the application of artificial neural networks to predict the optical properties of hyperbolic materials and lays the groundwork for developing more complicated neural network models to predict complex phenomena in hyperbolic metamaterials, which are faster and computationally less expensive than using conventional simulation methods. Hyperbolic metamaterials offer unique optical properties that can be used to design new optical devices.
Wave patterns of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in photonic crystal fibers with four-wave mixing
Authors: Houwe Alphonse , Abbagari Souleymanou , Akinyemi Lanre , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M , Doka Serge Y
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we examine the behavior of modulation instability within photonic crystals. The model employed is the coherent coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation, incorporating weak birefringence and four-wave mixing, which arises at the edge of the optical mode. The linear analysis is used to derive the modulation instability spectrum.

Throughout the modulation instability spectrum, we identify both stable and unstable modes, thereby confirming the breakdown of the plane wave. For certain four-wave mixing parameters, the amplitude of the modulation instability spectrum and its bandwidths expand, creating an opening for localized structures to emerge. Another aspect of this study has been demonstrated in normal and anomalous dispersion regimes where an increasing initial amplitude of the plane wave is fulfilled. Specifically, numerical simulations highlight the occurrence of Benjamin-Feir instability, where wave patterns emerge under the influence of four-wave mixing. Additionally, solitonic waves are generated, demonstrating the presence of Akhmediev breathers and other modulated structures, confirming that photonic crystals with four-wave mixing are conducive to these formations. The findings from this study could inform future research in the development of nonlinear photonic waveguides.