bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hans-Joachim Pflüger: scientist, citizen, cosmopolitan
Authors: Duch Carsten , Büschges Ansgar
Published: April 2022

On January 25, 2022, Professor Hans-Joachim Pflüger passed away. Hans-Joachim Pflüger conducted research in the field of neuroethology, with a focus on the development, anatomy, and function of sensorimotor networks underlying insect locomotion. As founding member and one of the presidents of the German Neuroscience Society, Hans-Joachim Pflüger was a driving force behind the development of the Neurosciences in Germany and Europe. This obituary reflects on his curriculum vitae. It shall honor his scientific and professional achievements, and importantly, also his wonderful personality, which makes this loss so sad across the manifold levels of his life and his legacy, the family, the professional and the scientific community.
How previous treatment changes the metabolomic profile in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Nees Juliane , Schafferer Simon , Yuan Baowen , Tang Quiqong , Scheffler Matthias , Hartkopf Andreas , Golatta Michael , Schneeweiß Andreas , Burwinkel Barbara , Wallwiener Markus
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Metabolites are in the spotlight of attention as promising novel breast cancer biomarkers. However, no study has been conducted concerning changes in the metabolomics profile of metastatic breast cancer patients according to previous therapy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized, partially blinded, treatment-based study. Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients were enrolled between 03/2010 and 09/2016 at the beginning of a new systemic therapy. The endogenous metabolites in the plasma samples were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ® p180 Kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck) a targeted, quality and quantitative-controlled metabolomics approach. The statistical analysis was performed using R package, version 3.3.1. ANOVA was used to statistically assess age differences within groups. Furthermore, we analyzed the CTC status of the patients using the CellSearch™ assay.

Results

We included 178 patients in our study. Upon dividing the study population according to therapy before study inclusion, we found the following: 4 patients had received no therapy, 165 chemotherapy, and 135 anti-hormonal therapy, 30 with anti-Her2 therapy and 38 had received treatment with bevacizumab. Two metabolites were found to be significantly different, depending on the further therapy of the patients: methionine and serine. Whereas methionine levels were higher in the blood of patients who received an anti-Her2-therapy, serine was lower in patients with endocrine therapy only.

Conclusion

We identified two metabolites for which concentrations differed significantly depending on previous therapies, which could help to choose the next therapy in patients who have already received numerous different treatments.
R132H IDH1 sensitizes glioma to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of BET inhibition
Authors: Sears Thomas K. , Woolard Kevin D.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDHmut) identify a subset of gliomas that exhibit epigenetic dysregulation via aberrant DNA methylation. These tumors are ultimately fatal and lack effective therapeutic strategies. Considering the epigenetic dysregulation of IDHmut gliomas, we hypothesized that epigenetic-targeting drugs may yield therapeutic benefits in gliomas bearing IDHmut. One set of targets includes the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of transcriptional coactivators.

Methods

We used TCGA data from glioma patients to determine whether BET proteins affect patient survival differently based on IDH status. Follow-up experiments using a set of IDH wildtype/mutant glioma cultures, as well as an IDH wildtype glioblastoma cell line expressing exogenous R132H IDH1, focused on cell health assays to investigate whether IDHmut was associated with increased sensitivity to the BET inhibitor JQ1. Immunoblots were used to evaluate the molecular response to JQ1 in these cultures.

Results

We identified that high BRD4 expression associated with decreased survival only in IDHmut glioma patients. Cell viability analysis showed that IDHmut sensitized glioma cells to delayed cytotoxicity (10 days) in response to JQ1. Early effects of JQ1 (3 days) were primarily antiproliferative, with IDHmut glioma exhibiting a modest increase in sensitivity. Finally, exogenous R132H IDH1 expression in a resistant IDH wildtype cell line recapitulated the JQ1-mediated delayed cytotoxicity seen in our endogenous IDHmut glioma cells.

Conclusion

Overall, these data suggest that BRD4 enhances malignancy primarily in gliomas bearing IDHmut and is associated with greater sensitivity to BET inhibition. The finding that BET inhibition primarily exhibits delayed cytotoxicity may be overlooked in conventional short endpoint dose–response assays. Follow-up mechanistic and animal studies will help address the translational potential of these findings.
Asymptotic moments of spatial branching processes
Authors: Gonzalez Isaac , Horton Emma , Kyprianou Andreas E.
Published: April 2022

Suppose that $$X =(X_t, t\ge 0)$$

X
=
(

X
t

,
t
≥
0
)

is either a superprocess or a branching Markov process on a general space E, with non-local branching mechanism and probabilities $${\mathbb {P}}_{\delta _x}$$

P

δ
x

, when issued from a unit mass at $$x\in E$$

x
∈
E

. For a general setting in which the first moment semigroup of X displays a Perron–Frobenius type behaviour, we show that, for $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

and any positive bounded measurable function f on E, $$\begin{aligned} \lim _{t\rightarrow \infty } g_k(t){\mathbb {E}}_{\delta _x}[\langle f, X_t\rangle ^k] = C_k(x, f), \end{aligned}$$

lim

t
→
∞

g
k

(
t
)

E

δ
x

[

⟨
f
,

X
t

⟩

k

]

=

C
k

(
x
,
f
)

,

where the constant $$C_k(x, f)$$

C
k

(
x
,
f
)

can be identified in terms of the principal right eigenfunction and left eigenmeasure and $$g_k(t)$$

g
k

(
t
)

is an appropriate deterministic normalisation, which can be identified explicitly as either polynomial in t or exponential in t, depending on whether X is a critical, supercritical or subcritical process. The method we employ is extremely robust and we are able to extract similarly precise results that additionally give us the moment growth with time of $$\int _0^t \langle f, X_t \rangle \mathrm{d}s$$

∫
0
t

⟨
f
,

X
t

⟩

d
s

, for bounded measurable f on E.
Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Dysphagia Research Following Stroke: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Moloney Jennifer , Regan Julie , Walshe Margaret
Published: April 2022

Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used to evaluate the impact of a health condition on quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to identify the range of PROMs that are currently in common use in clinical trials in dysphagia following stroke and to qualitatively analyse these PROMs by mapping the content to both the International Classification of Functioning and Disability Framework (ICF) and the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Taxonomy for outcome classification. With consideration for the PRISMA-ScR checklist, a scoping review was conducted to identify commonly used PROMs in randomised controlled trials reported in persons with dysphagia stroke. A search of five databases was conducted. Studies were excluded if they included pediatric participants i.e. < 18 years of age, or if the text was not available in the English language. 110 papers met the inclusionary criteria. Twelve of these 110 papers included a dysphagia PROM. Two PROMs were identified as being in common use—the SWAL-QOL and the EAT-10. These two tools consisted of 47 items and 78 meaningful concepts, which were subsequently mapped to the ICF and the COMET Taxonomy. Mapping to the ICF showed that neither tool directly assessed the impact of ‘Environmental Factors’ on the experience of dysphagia. Mapping to the COMET Taxonomy showed that neither tool considered the impact of ‘Role Functioning’ on the person’s experience of dysphagia. The development of a suitable and appropriate patient-reported assessment tool for use in those with dysphagia following stroke is warranted.
Myeloma patients’ experiences of a supervised physical activity programme: a qualitative study
Authors: Land Joanne , Hackett Julia , Sidhu Govundeep , Heinrich Malgorzata , McCourt Orla , Yong Kwee L. , Fisher Abi , Beeken Rebecca J.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The Myeloma: Advancing Survival Cancer Outcomes Trial (MASCOT) tested the impact of a supervised exercise programme on fatigue, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes in multiple myeloma [MM] patients. The current study explored MM patients’ experiences of the programme to guide future interventions.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to recruit stable MM patients participating in MASCOT. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Six themes were identified. Key drivers for participation in MASCOT were “Altruism and extended cancer care”; participants wanted to give something back and assist in improving post-treatment care for MM patients, especially as after treatment “Barriers to being physically active” were a fear of damage and lack of health professional guidance. “Influences fostering change within the intervention” included physiotherapy supervision and tailored exercises, which gave participants confidence to push themselves in a safe environment and broke down misconceptions about their body. “Social support”, from both family and peers in the programme, promoted motivation and adherence. Participants expressed concerns about “Maintaining things going forward” but had identified mechanisms to aid continuation. “Physical and mental benefits” of the programme were highlighted; participants were able to do things they couldn’t before and described feeling free from the constraints of MM.

Conclusions

A post-treatment exercise intervention for MM patients was a positive experience, which enhanced participants’ physical and psychological wellbeing. Tailored gym and home-based exercises, a specialist cancer physiotherapist, and sustained support were perceived to be important for success.

Implications for cancer survivors

Exercise support for MM patients, ideally with physiotherapist supervision, should be incorporated into survivorship care to qualitatively improve patients’ quality of life, self-efficacy, and mental wellbeing.
Autistic Traits, Empathizing–Systemizing, and Gender Diversity
Authors: Hendriks Olivia , Wei Yimeng , Warrier Varun , Richards Gareth
Published: April 2022

Previous research indicates a link between autism and transgender and gender-diverse identities, though the association is not yet fully understood. The current study examined autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient [AQ]), empathizing (Empathizing Quotient-Short [EQ-S]), and systemizing (Systemizing Quotient-Short [SQ-S]) in a sample of 89 adults and aimed to test whether gender-diverse individuals exhibit cognitive profiles consistent with predictions derived from the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory. As most research has considered only cisgender people, we recruited a more diverse sample by contacting > 200 UK LGBTQ+ organizations and posting on social media. A range of non-cisgender identities (e.g., transgender male, transgender female, non-binary, genderqueer, transmasculine) and non-heterosexual orientations (e.g., bisexual) were represented, and participants were categorized into one of four groups: (1) assigned female at birth but does not identify as female (transgender AFAB) (n = 32), (2) cisgender female (n = 21), (3) assigned male at birth but does not identify as male (transgender AMAB) (n = 18), and (4) cisgender male (n = 18). After controlling for age and autism diagnostic status, transgender AFAB participants had marginally higher AQ scores, and significantly higher SQ-S and systemizing-relative-to-empathizing (D) scores, compared with the cisgender female group. No such differences were detected between the transgender AMAB and cisgender male groups. Our findings are broadly in line with predictions derived from the EMB theory, though as no transgender AFAB participants reported being heterosexual, it was not possible to determine whether these effects relate specifically to gender identity, to sexual orientation, or to both.
ModelOps for enhanced decision-making and governance in emergency control rooms
Authors: Lefevre Kay , Arora Chetan , Lee Kevin , Zaslavsky Arkady , Bouadjenek Mohamed Reda , Hassani Ali , Razzak Imran
Published: April 2022

For mission critical (MC) applications such as bushfire emergency management systems (EMS), understanding the current situation as a disaster unfolds is critical to saving lives, infrastructure and the environment. Incident control-room operators manage complex information and systems, especially with the emergence of Big Data. They are increasingly making decisions supported by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools for data analysis, prediction and decision-making. As the volume, speed and complexity of information increases due to more frequent fire events, greater availability of myriad IoT sensors, smart devices, satellite data and burgeoning use of social media, the advances in AI and ML that help to manage Big Data and support decision-making are increasingly perceived as “Black Box”. This paper aims to scope the requirements for bushfire EMS to improve Big Data management and governance of AI/ML. An analysis of ModelOps technology, used increasingly in the commercial sector, is undertaken to determine what components might be fit-for-purpose. The result is a novel set of ModelOps features, EMS requirements and an EMS-ModelOps framework that resolves more than 75% of issues whilst being sufficiently generic to apply to other types of mission-critical applications.
Pre-service Teachers’ Reflections on Attitudes Towards Teaching and Learning Mathematics with Online Platforms at School: A Case Study in the Context of a University Online Training
Authors: Dilling Frederik , Vogler Amelie
Published: April 2022

Online learning platforms take over a new role in education, especially in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper will discuss pre-service teachers’ reflections on attitudes towards online learning platforms and the respective changes due to an online training of using this digital tool in mathematics classes. The special training took place in a bachelor seminar with fourteen participants on the use of digital media in mathematics education at the University of Siegen. Based on the ‘Tripartite Model of Attitude Structure’ which defines the psychological concept of attitude, data material about the pre-service teachers’ attitudes is gathered by pre- and post-reflection-questionnaires. A qualitative content analysis led to the formation of a system of six main categories and approximately 51 descriptors for pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards online learning platforms and especially their changes due to the online training of using these platforms. The descriptors can be a basis for further research studies on this topic.
Revisiting McGee’s Probabilistic Analysis of Conditionals
Authors: Cantwell John
Published: April 2022

This paper calls for a re-appraisal of McGee’s analysis of the semantics, logic and probabilities of indicative conditionals presented in his 1989 paper Conditional probabilities and compounds of conditionals. The probabilistic measures introduced by McGee are given a new axiomatisation—built on the principle that the antecedent of a conditional is probabilistically independent of the conditional—and a more transparent method of constructing such measures is provided. McGee’s Dutch book argument is restructured to more clearly reveal that it introduces a novel contribution to the epistemology of semantic indeterminacy, and shows that its more controversial implications are unavoidable if we want to maintain the Ramsey Test along with the standard laws of probability. Importantly, it is shown that the counterexamples that have been levelled at McGee’s analysis—generating a rather wide consensus that it yields ‘unintuitive’ or ‘wrong’ probabilities for compounds —fail to strike at their intended target; for to honour the intuitions of the counterexamples one must either give up the Ramsey Test or the standard laws of probability. It will be argued that we need to give up neither if we take the counterexamples as further evidence that the indicative conditional sometimes allows for a non-epistemic ‘causal’ interpretation alongside its usual epistemic interpretation.
The Clinical Frailty Scale as predictor of overall survival after resection of high-grade glioma
Authors: Klingenschmid Julia , Krigers Aleksandrs , Pinggera Daniel , Kerschbaumer Johannes , Thomé Claudius , Freyschlag Christian F.
Published: April 2022

Background

The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) describes the general level of fitness or frailty and is widely used in geriatric medicine, intensive care and orthopaedic surgery. This study was conducted to analyze, whether CFS could be used for patients with high-grade glioma.

Methods

Patients harboring high-grade gliomas, undergoing first resection at our center between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients’ performance was assessed using the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale and the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) preoperatively and 3–6 months postoperatively.

Results

289 patients were included. Pre- as well as postoperative median frailty was 3 CFS points (IqR 2–4) corresponding to “managing well”. CFS strongly correlated with KPS preoperatively (r = − 0.85; p < 0.001) and at the 3–6 months follow-up (r = − 0.90; p < 0.001). The reduction of overall survival (OS) was 54% per point of CFS preoperatively (HR 1.54, CI 95% 1.38–1.70; p < 0.001) and 58% at the follow-up (HR 1.58, CI 95% 1.41–1.78; p < 0.001), comparable to KPS. Patients with IDH mutation showed significantly better preoperative and follow-up CFS and KPS (p < 0.05). Age and performance scores correlated only mildly with each other (r = 0.21…0.35; p < 0.01), but independently predicted OS (p < 0.001 each).

Conclusion

CFS seems to be a reliable tool for functional assessment of patients suffering from high-grade glioma. CFS includes non-cancer related aspects and therefore is a contemporary approach for patient evaluation. Its projection of survival can be equally estimated before and after surgery. IDH-mutation caused longer survival and higher functionality.
Parental housing wealth and children’s marriage prospects in China—evidence from CHARLS
Authors: Gao Ya , Alessie Rob , Angelini Viola
Published: April 2022

We estimate the association between parental housing wealth and children’s marriage prospects in China by drawing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). We focus on children aged 16–35 who were unmarried in 2011 and track their marriage outcomes in 2015. Our results show that parental housing wealth acts as a signal for males in the Chinese marriage market, which is characterized by a strongly unbalanced sex ratio. Males are more likely to get married if their parents own high-value houses, especially among rural households. The relationship is not significant for females.
Probabilistic causes in Markov chains
Authors: Ziemek Robin , Piribauer Jakob , Funke Florian , Jantsch Simon , Baier Christel
Published: April 2022

By combining two of the central paradigms of causality, namely counterfactual reasoning and probability-raising, we introduce a probabilistic notion of cause in Markov chains. Such a cause consists of finite executions of the probabilistic system after which the probability of an $$\omega $$
ω
-regular effect exceeds a given threshold. The cause, as a set of executions, then has to cover all behaviors exhibiting the effect. With these properties, such causes can be used for monitoring purposes where the aim is to detect faulty behavior before it actually occurs. In order to choose which cause should be computed, we introduce multiple types of costs to capture the consumption of resources by the system or monitor from different perspectives, and study the complexity of computing cost-minimal causes.
Fibre tract segmentation for intraoperative diffusion MRI in neurosurgical patients using tract-specific orientation atlas and tumour deformation modelling
Authors: Young Fiona , Aquilina Kristian , A. Clark Chris , D. Clayden Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Intraoperative diffusion MRI could provide a means of visualising brain fibre tracts near a neurosurgical target after preoperative images have been invalidated by brain shift. We propose an atlas-based intraoperative tract segmentation method, as the standard preoperative method, streamline tractography, is unsuitable for intraoperative implementation.

Methods:

A tract-specific voxel-wise fibre orientation atlas is constructed from healthy training data. After registration with a target image, a radial tumour deformation model is applied to the orientation atlas to account for displacement caused by lesions. The final tract map is obtained from the inner product of the atlas and target image fibre orientation data derived from intraoperative diffusion MRI.

Results:

The simple tumour model takes only seconds to effectively deform the atlas into alignment with the target image. With minimal processing time and operator effort, maps of surgically relevant tracts can be achieved that are visually and qualitatively comparable with results obtained from streamline tractography.

Conclusion:

Preliminary results demonstrate feasibility of intraoperative streamline-free tract segmentation in challenging neurosurgical cases. Demonstrated results in a small number of representative sample subjects are realistic despite the simplicity of the tumour deformation model employed. Following this proof of concept, future studies will focus on achieving robustness in a wide range of tumour types and clinical scenarios, as well as quantitative validation of segmentations.
The role of sustainable corporate governance in mandatory sustainability reporting quality
Authors: Gerwing Tobias , Kajüter Peter , Wirth Maximilian
Published: April 2022

This study analyzes the association between various sustainable corporate governance (SCG) mechanisms and mandatory sustainability reporting quality (MSRQ). To this end, we construct a novel MSRQ measure based on manually collected data from 220 German firms in their first year of mandatory sustainability reporting according to the European CSR Directive (2014/95/EU). Descriptive findings show a heterogeneous reporting quality for our sample. The regression analyses suggest an important role of SCG in ensuring high MSRQ. MSRQ increases with the number of SCG mechanisms employed. Regarding the individual mechanisms, we find that MSRQ is positively associated with a sustainable remuneration of the executive board, gender diversity at the supervisory board level, the existence of a CSR committee, engagement in CSR initiatives, and external assurance. However, we do not find any association between gender diversity at the executive board level and MSRQ, contradicting research on voluntary sustainability reporting. Finally, we derive several implications for preparers, auditors, stakeholders, and regulators.
Differences in Weight Loss by Race and Ethnicity in the PRIDE Trial: a Qualitative Analysis of Participant Perspectives
Authors: Saju Rintu , Castellon-Lopez Yelba , Turk Norman , Moin Tannaz , Mangione Carol M. , Norris Keith C. , Vu Amanda , Maranon Richard , Fu Jeffery , Cheng Felicia , Duru O. Kenrik
Published: April 2022

Background

Many Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) translation efforts have been less effective for underresourced populations. In the cluster-randomized Prediabetes Informed Decision and Education (PRIDE) trial, which evaluated a shared decision-making (SDM) intervention for diabetes prevention, Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants lost less weight than non-Hispanic White participants at 12-month follow-up.

Objective

To explore perspectives about weight loss from PRIDE participants of different racial and ethnic groups.

Participants

Sample of participants with prediabetes who were randomized to the PRIDE intervention arm (n=24).

Approach

We conducted semi-structured interviews within three groups stratified by DPP participation and % weight loss at 12 months: (DPP+/WL+, enrolled in DPP and lost >5% weight; DPP+/WL−, enrolled in DPP and lost <3% weight; DPP−/WL−, did not enroll in DPP and lost <3% weight). Each group was further subdivided on race and ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black (NHB), non-Hispanic White (NHW), Hispanic). Interviews were conducted on Zoom and transcripts were coded and analyzed with Dedoose.

Key Results

Compared to NHW participants, Hispanic and NHB participants more often endorsed weight loss barriers of limited time to make lifestyle changes due to long work and commute hours, inconvenient DPP class locations and offerings, and limited disposable income for extra weight loss activities. Conversely, facilitators of weight loss regardless of race and ethnicity included retirement or having flexible work schedules; being able to identify convenient DPP classes; having a strong, positive support system; and purchasing supplementary resources to support lifestyle change (e.g., gym memberships, one-on-one activity classes).

Conclusions

We found that NHB and Hispanic SDM participants report certain barriers to weight loss more commonly than NHW participants, particularly barriers related to limited disposable income and/or time constraints. Our findings suggest that increased lifestyle change support and flexible program delivery options may be needed to ensure equity in DPP reach, participant engagement, and outcomes.
Bedürfnisorientierte Arbeitswelten im Krankenhaus: Entwicklung und Akzeptanz des HEMI-Architekturkonzepts
Authors: Vollmer Tanja C. , Koppen Gemma
Published: April 2022

Dieser Beitrag in der ZeitschriftGruppe. Interaktion. Organisation(GIO), ThemenheftNew Work – Inspirierende, kooperationsfördernde Arbeitsumgebungenbeschreibt die Entwicklung und wissenschaftliche Prüfung eines Architekturkonzepts zur evidenzbasierten Gestaltung innovativer und bedürfnisorientierter Arbeitswelten im Krankenhaus. Das Konzept basiert auf einer berufsunabhängigen Neubewertung der Krankenhausumgebung und definiert fünf Umgebungskategorien und architektonische Qualitäten: (H) hands on/off(Arbeiten mit oder ohne direktem Patientenkontakt), (E) eyes on/off(Arbeiten mit oder ohne indirektem Patientenkontakt), (M) mind on(konzentrierte Arbeiten),mind off(Entspannung und Regeneration) und (I) interact on/off(Arbeiten mit oder ohne Kontakt zu Kollegen). Die Kategorien lassen Rückschlüsse auf den psycho-emotionalen Stress und die kognitive Beanspruchung der Mitarbeitenden zu und bestimmen die auf diese reagierende architektonische Gestaltung. Im Unterschied zum bisherigen deutschen Krankenhausentwurf durchbricht das (HEMI) Architekturkonzept veraltete Organisationsstrukturen, geht architekturpsychologisch auf die steigende Belastung der Mitarbeitenden ein und formuliert räumliche Lösungen. Die Akzeptanz derzentralen Arbeitswelt, die das Konzept u. a. vorsieht und die in einer bundesweiten Befragung an Klinikärztinnen und -ärzten durchgeführt wurde, ist hoch und abhängig von Alter‑, Einkommen und Dienstjahren.
Effekte eines Unterrichtsfeedbacks von Schulleitungen auf die selbst eingeschätzte Entwicklung der Unterrichtskompetenz von Lehrkräften – Ergebnisse einer Interventionsstudie unter Berücksichtigung der Zielorientierungen von Lehrkräften
Authors: Kellermann Christopher , Nachbauer Max , Gärtner Holger , Thiel Felicitas
Published: April 2022

Unterrichtsfeedbacks von Schulleitungen sind häufig von geringer Qualität und daher nicht immer wirksam. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine Feedbackintervention entwickelt, die Schulleitungen dabei unterstützen soll, Lehrkräften ein qualitativ hochwertiges Feedback zu ihrem Unterricht zu geben, auf dessen Grundlage diese ihre Unterrichtskompetenz weiterentwickeln können. Die Wirksamkeit der Intervention wurde in einer Studie mit quasi-experimentellem Design überprüft. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob Lehrkräfte, die ein Unterrichtsfeedback von ihrer Schulleitung erhielten, ihre Kompetenzentwicklung positiver einschätzen als Lehrkräfte, die kein Feedback erhielten. Weil Lehrkräfte der Interventionsgruppe ihre Kompetenzentwicklung nach dem Unterrichtsfeedback im Mittel nicht positiver einschätzten als Lehrkräfte der Kontrollgruppe, wurde zusätzlich geprüft, ob der Effekt des Unterrichtsfeedbacks mit den Zielorientierungen der Lehrkräfte interagiert. Für die Lern- und Annäherungsleistungszielorientierung zeigten sich differenzielle Effekte. Lehrkräfte mit hoch ausgeprägter Lern- und Annäherungsleistungszielorientierung, die ein Feedback erhielten, schätzten ihre Kompetenzentwicklung positiver ein als Lehrkräfte der Kontrollgruppe.
Human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and the less explored role of trace elements
Authors: Sravani Anne Boyina , Ghate Vivek , Lewis Shaila
Published: April 2022

Cervical cancer is an aggressive type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Many affected individuals rely on smear tests for the diagnosis, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation for their treatment. However, due to a broad set of undesired results and side-effects associated with the existing protocols, the search for better diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is a never-ending pursuit. In the purview, the bio-concentration of trace elements (copper, selenium, zinc, iron, arsenic, manganese, and cadmium) is seen to fluctuate during the occurrence of cervical cancer and its progression from pre-cancerous to metastatic nature. Thus, during the occurrence of cervical cancer, the detection of trace elements and their supplementation will prove to be highly advantageous in developing diagnostic tools and therapeutics, respectively. This review provides a detailed overview of cervical cancer, its encouragement by human papillomavirus infections, the mechanism of pathology, and resistance. Majorly, the review emphasizes the less explored role of trace elements, their contribution to the growth and inhibition of cervical cancer. Numerous clinical trials have been listed, thereby providing a comprehensive reference to the exploration of trace elements in the management of cervical cancer.
Comprehensive analysis of the expression, prognosis, and immune infiltrates for CHDs in human lung cancer
Authors: Lv Yang , Lin Wenchu
Published: April 2022

Background

The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family, a group of genes that regulate nucleosome spacing and access to transcription factors, contributes to tumorigenesis in various cancers. However, the roles of CHD family members in lung cancer remain poorly understood.

Methods

We investigated the transcriptional, survival, and immune data of CHDs in patients with lung cancer from the Oncomine, UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, TCGA, TIMER, cBioPortal, and CR2Cancer databases. Then, perform functional enrichment analysis of CHDs was performed using the Metascape. Finally, the expression of CHD7, CHD8 and DNA damage response genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot.The effects of CHD7 or CHD8 knockdown on A549 and PC9 cells were measured in vitro by flow cytometry, cell viability and colony formation assays.

Results

We found that except for CHD5, nearly all members of CHDs in lung cancer showed altered expression compared with adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the abnormal expression levels of CHDs were related to the clinical outcome of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and, to a lesser extent, patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, which were significantly associated with the immune infiltrating levels of immune cells. Furthermore, the functions of CHDs and their neighboring genes are mainly related to DNA repair, the cell cycle, and organelle organization. Finally, cellular experiments conducted in vitro confirmed that CHD7/8 played indispensable roles in DNA damage signaling and cell cycle progression in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Conclusion

This study implied that CHD family members, especially in subclass III, are potential targets of precision therapy and new biomarkers for patients with lung cancer.
A Lagrangian dual-based theory-guided deep neural network
Authors: Rong Miao , Zhang Dongxiao , Wang Nanzhe
Published: April 2022

The theory-guided neural network (TgNN) is a kind of method which improves the effectiveness and efficiency of neural network architectures by incorporating scientific knowledge or physical information. Despite its great success, the theory-guided (deep) neural network possesses certain limits when maintaining a tradeoff between training data and domain knowledge during the training process. In this paper, the Lagrangian dual-based TgNN (TgNN-LD) is proposed to improve the effectiveness of the training process. We convert the original loss function into a constrained form with several items, in which partial differential equations (PDEs), engineering controls (ECs), and expert knowledge (EK) are regarded as constraints, with one Lagrangian variable per constraint. These Lagrangian variables are incorporated to achieve an equitable trade-off between observation data and corresponding constraints, to improve prediction accuracy and training efficiency. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, the original TgNN model with a set of optimized weight values adjusted by ad-hoc procedures is compared on a subsurface flow problem, with their L2 error, R square (R2), and computational time being analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the Lagrangian dual-based TgNN.
Networked solidarity economy: Gender in interorganizational networks. An evaluation with ERGMs
Authors: Garrido-Skurkowicz Natalia , Steglich Christian
Published: April 2022

For their economic success, organizations in the social economy are particularly dependent on access to collective resources through interorganizational networks. Because self-organised network governance of an economy is notoriously intransparent, there is the danger that existing societal inequalities get replicated particularly well. This creates a tension with the equality-promoting mission of these organizations. This paper investigates the degree to which the goal of gender equality has been realized in the social economy of Barcelona. By analysing networks of advice-seeking and economic collaboration with exponential random graph models, network mechanisms are analysed to estimate gender-based inequality.
Are the Criteria for the Diagnosis of Premature Ejaculation Applicable to Gay Men or Sexual Activities Other than Penile-Vaginal Intercourse?
Authors: McNabney Sean M. , Weseman Claire E. , Hevesi Kriszta , Rowland David L.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The criteria for premature ejaculation (PE) have generally been limited to the diagnosis of heterosexual men engaging in penile-vaginal intercourse and therefore the applicability of PE diagnostic criteria to gay men and to activities beyond penile-vaginal intercourse has yet to be explored in depth.

Aim

To compare the prevalence of PE in gay and straight men and to assess whether PE-related diagnostic measures (ejaculatory control, ejaculation latency [EL], and bother/distress) can be applied with confidence to gay men or to men engaging in sexual activities other than penile-vaginal intercourse.

Methods

Gay and straight participants (n = 3878) were recruited to take an online survey assessing sexual orientation, sexual function/dysfunction (including specific PE-related measures), sexual relationship satisfaction, and various other sexual behaviors during partnered sex or masturbation.

Outcomes

Comparison of ejaculatory control, EL, and bother/distress across gay and straight men, as well as across different types of sexual activities.

Results

A slightly lower PE prevalence among gay men became undetectable when other predictors of prevalence were included in a multivariate analysis (aOR = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.60–1.22]). Gay men with PE reported longer typical ELs (zU = -3.35, P < .001) and lower distress (zU = 3.68, P < .001) relative to straight men, but longer ELs and lower distress were also associated with anal sex.

Clinical Translation

Clinicians can feel confident about using existing criteria for the diagnosis of PE in gay men but should be aware of potentially longer ELs and lower PE-related bother/distress—probably related to the practice of anal sex—compared with straight men.

Strengths and Limitations

Although well-powered and international in scope, this study was limited by biases inherent to online surveys, the lack of a sizable sample of bisexual men, and a lack of differentiation between men with acquired vs lifelong PE.

Conclusions

Irrespective of sexual orientation, gay and straight men with PE reported shorter ELs, lower satisfaction, and greater bother/distress than functional counterparts. While PE-related diagnostic criteria (ejaculatory control, EL, and bother/distress) are applicable to gay men, accommodation for longer ELs and lower bother/distress in gay men should be considered.
The Law As a Conversation among Equals
Authors: Gargarella Roberto
Published: April 2022

In a time of disenchantment with democracy, massive social protests and the 'erosion' of the system of checks and balances, this book proposes to reflect upon the main problems of our constitutional democracies from a particular regulative ideal: that of the conversation among equals. It examines the structural character of the current democratic crisis, and the way in which, from its origins, constitutions were built around a 'discomfort with democracy'. In this sense, the book critically explores the creation of different restraints upon majority rule and collective debate: constitutional rights that are presented as limits to (and not, fundamentally, as a product of) democratic debate; an elitist system of judicial review; a checks and balances scheme that discourages, rather than promotes, dialogue between the different branches of power; etc. Finally, the book proposes a dignified constitutional democracy aimed at enabling fraternal conversation within the framework of a community of equals.
Fighters’ motivations for joining extremist groups: Investigating the attractiveness of the Right Sector's Volunteer Ukrainian Corps
Authors: Mutallimzada Khalil , Steiner Kristian
Published: April 2022

In 2014, eight years prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russian-backed separatists seized parts of the Ukrainian regions Luhansk and Donetsk. Shortly thereafter, thousands of Ukrainians voluntarily enrolled to various paramilitary battalions. Unlike the Right Sector's Volunteer Ukrainian Corps (RS VUC), almost all battalions were incorporated into Ukrainian official defence structures. Applying uncertainty-identity theory and based on interviews, observations, and documents, this study investigates the attractiveness of RS VUC prior to the 2022 war, motivating the fighters to join this organisation and to remain in it. The study found that fighters of RS VUC distrusted society, the wider population, and state authorities. RS VUC, with its high fighting morale, discipline, family-like relationships between fighters, as well as its clear ideology and boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’, were attractive to the fighters since its unambiguous group prototypes and high entitativity, reduced the fighters’ self-uncertainty regarding their social identity in an uncertain environment. The findings also revealed that the fighters’ choice to join RS VUC can be understood as a rational decision, since RS VUC's group entitativity provided the fighters with moral and emotional benefits, as well as maximised their chances of survival.
Skin-friction and heat-transfer decompositions in hypersonic transitional and turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Xu Dehao , Wang Jianchun , Chen Shiyi
Published: April 2022

The decompositions of the skin-friction and heat-transfer coefficients based on the twofold repeated integration in hypersonic transitional and turbulent boundary layers are analysed to give some major reasons of the overshoot phenomena of the wall skin friction and heat transfer. It is shown that the overshoot of the skin-friction coefficient is mainly caused by the drastic change of the mean velocity profiles, especially the strong negative streamwise gradient of the mean streamwise velocity far from the wall; and the overshoot of the heat-transfer coefficient is primarily due to the viscous dissipation, especially the strong positive vertical gradient of the mean streamwise velocity near the wall. These observations are different from the previous observations that the Reynolds shear stress and Reynolds heat flux are the reasons, respectively. Further investigations show that the above observations are independent of the set-up of the wall blowing and suction parameters, which indicates the universality of the major reasons of the overshoot phenomena in our numerical simulations. In the hypersonic turbulent boundary layers, it is observed that the strongly cooled wall temperature and the high Mach number can slightly enhance the contribution of the Reynolds shear stress, and weaken the contribution of the mean convection, mainly due to the strong compressibility effect. Moreover, the magnitudes of the relative contributions of the mean convection, pressure dilatation, viscous dissipation and the Reynolds heat flux increase as the wall temperature increases.
HIGHER INDEPENDENCE
Authors: FISCHER VERA , MONTOYA DIANA CAROLINA
Published: April 2022

We study higher analogues of the classical independence number on
$\omega $
. For
$\kappa $
regular uncountable, we denote by
$i(\kappa )$
the minimal size of a maximal
$\kappa $
-independent family. We establish ZFC relations between
$i(\kappa )$
and the standard higher analogues of some of the classical cardinal characteristics, e.g.,
$\mathfrak {r}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {i}(\kappa )$
and
$\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {i}(\kappa )$
. For
$\kappa $
measurable, assuming that
$2^{\kappa }=\kappa ^{+}$
we construct a maximal
$\kappa $
-independent family which remains maximal after the
$\kappa $
-support product of
$\lambda $
many copies of
$\kappa $
-Sacks forcing. Thus, we show the consistency of
$\kappa ^{+}=\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )=\mathfrak {i}(\kappa )<2^{\kappa }$
. We conclude the paper with interesting open questions and discuss difficulties regarding other natural approaches to higher independence.
Negotiating the Kin-State Citizenship: The Case of Croats from Herzegovina
Authors: Subašić Mate
Published: April 2022

This article explores how the meanings individuals ascribed to kin-state citizenship change in the long term. Previous research has looked at the real-time acquisition of citizenship and established three dimensions of meanings individuals ascribe to citizenship: identity, instrumental, and legitimacy. Building on the case of Croats from Herzegovina (BiH), who acquired citizenship back in the 1990s, the article demonstrates how meanings individuals ascribe to citizenship change over time across each dimension—subject to the perception of inclusion into the kin-state, type and the extent of opportunities kin-states provide, as well as the routinization of citizenship practices. By disaggregating each dimension further, the article extends the understanding of kin-state citizenship and shows how individuals respond to the policy implementation’s overall dynamics by aligning the meanings they ascribe to citizenship. Therefore, future work should look more closely at the interplay between state policy dynamics and its impact on individuals.
Stability and exponential decay for magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Feng Wen , Hafeez Farzana , Wu Jiahong , Regmi Dipendra
Published: April 2022

This paper focuses on a 2D magnetohydrodynamic system with only horizontal dissipation in the domain $\Omega = \mathbb {T}\times \mathbb {R}$ with $\mathbb {T}=[0,\,1]$ being a periodic box. The goal here is to understand the stability problem on perturbations near the background magnetic field $(1,\,0)$. Due to the lack of vertical dissipation, this stability problem is difficult. This paper solves the desired stability problem by simultaneously exploiting two smoothing and stabilizing mechanisms: the enhanced dissipation due to the coupling between the velocity and the magnetic fields, and the strong Poincaré type inequalities for the oscillation part of the solution, namely the difference between the solution and its horizontal average. In addition, the oscillation part of the solution is shown to converge exponentially to zero in $H^{1}$ as $t\to \infty$. As a consequence, the solution converges to its horizontal average asymptotically.
Associations of dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B3 with risk of mortality from CVD among Japanese men and women: the Japan Collaborative Cohort study
Authors: Tang Chengyao , Eshak Ehab Salah , Shirai Kokoro , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: April 2022

The evidence on the association between B vitamins and the risk of CVD is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association of dietary vitamins B1 and B3 intakes with risk of CVD mortality among 58 302 Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years participated in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study. The Cox proportional hazard model estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI of CVD mortality across increasing energy-adjusted quintiles of dietary vitamins B1 and B3 intakes. During 960 225 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 3371 CVD deaths. After adjustment for age, sex, and other CVD risk factors, HR of mortality from ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure in the highest v. lowest vitamin B1 intake quintiles were 0.57 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·80; Pfor trend < 0·01), 0.56 (95 % CI 0·37, 0·82; Pfor trend < 0·01), and 0.65 (95 % CI 0·45, 0·96; Pfor trend = 0·13). The multivariable HR of myocardial infarction mortality in the highest v. lowest vitamin B3 intake quintiles was 0.66 (95 % CI 0·48, 0·90; Pfor trend = 0·02). Atendency towards a reduced risk of haemorrhagic stroke mortality was observed with a higher dietary intake of vitamin B3 (HR: 0·74 (95 % CI 0·55, 1·01)) but not vitamin B1. In conclusion, higher dietary intakes of vitamins B1 and B3 were inversely associated with mortality from ischemic heart disease and a higher dietary intake of vitamin B1 was inversely associated with a reduced risk of mortality from heart failure among Japanese men and women.