bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex Haploinsufficiency-Based Genetic Analysis of the NDR/Lats Kinase Cbk1 Provides Insight into Its Multiple Functions in Candida albicans
Authors: Saputo Sarah , Norman Kaitlyn L , Murante Thomas , Horton Brooke N , Diaz Jacinto De La Cruz , DiDone Louis , Colquhoun Jennifer , Schroeder Jeremy W , Simmons Lyle A , Kumar Anuj , Krysan Damian J
Published: May 2016

Although the analysis of genetic interactions and networks is a powerful approach to understanding biology, it has not been applied widely to the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Here, we describe the use of both screening and directed genetic interaction studies based on complex haploinsufficiency to probe the function of the Regulation of Ace2 and Morphogenesis (RAM) pathway in C. albicans. A library of 5200 Tn7-mutagenized derivatives of a parental strain heterozygous at CBK1, the key kinase in the RAM pathway, was screened for alterations in serum-induced filamentation. Following confirmation of phenotypes and identification of insertion sites by sequencing, a set of 36 unique double heterozygous strains showing complex haploinsufficiency was obtained. In addition to a large set of genes regulated by the RAM transcription factor Ace2, genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, cell cycle, polarity, oxidative stress, and nitrogen utilization were identified. Follow-up analysis led to the first demonstration that the RAM pathway is required for oxidative stress tolerance in a manner related to the two-component-regulated kinase Chk1 and revealed a potential direct connection between the RAM pathway and the essential Mps1 spindle pole-related kinase. In addition, genetic interactions with CDC42-related genes MSB1, a putative scaffold protein, and RGD3, a putative Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP) were identified. We also provide evidence that Rgd3 is a GAP for Cdc42 and show that its localization and phosphorylation are dependent on Cbk1.
ESTILOS DE VIDA SALUDABLES: UN DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL EN LA VIDA DEL SER HUMANO
Authors: Salas Cabrera Jorge
Published: May 2016

El propósito del presente estudio fue evidenciar el impacto que tienen algunos estilos de vida enel diario vivir; además, se referencian varios de estos, entre los cuales se citan: el sedentarismo, laalimentación, la práctica de actividad física, el apoyo social y familiar, así como las repercusionesque tienen en la calidad de vida de las personas. Es claro que, como ser humano, el desarrollo en sudiario vivir está direccionado por deberes y derechos que condicionan las forma de convivencia. Apartir de lo anterior, todo ser humano debe gozar del derecho a una mejor calidad de vida, y paraalcanzar dicho objetivo es necesario mantener hábitos de vida saludables que generen mecanismosde protección a las personas ante el desarrollo de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Históricamente,se ha comprobado que las personas que mantienen hábitos de vida poco saludables llegan,con el paso del tiempo, a desarrollar enfermedades no solo del tipo hipocinéticas, sino tambiénenfermedades asociadas a problemas de tipo neurológico, como el Alzheimer y el Parkinson. Bajoeste panorama, se pretende en este escrito presentar información clara y concisa acerca de lo querepresentan los estilos de vida en el ser humano y su importancia como un derecho del que puedagozar todo aquel que decida adaptarlos a su diario vivir. AbstractThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the impact of certain lifestyles in our daily lives, andto reference some of them, among which are a sedentary lifestyle, diet, physical activity, social andfamily support, and the impact they have on people’ quality of life. It is clear that as a human beings,the developments in everyday life are addressed by duties and rights that affect our way of living,hence all individuals should enjoy the right to a better quality of life; to achieve this, it is necessary tomaintain healthy lifestyle habits that create mechanisms to protect people against the development ofchronic degenerative diseases. Historically it has been shown that people who have unhealthy life habits
DERECHO DE LOS NIÑOS Y LAS NIÑAS A SER OÍDOS EN LOS TRIBUNALES DE FAMILIA CHILENOS: LA AUDIENCIA CONFIDENCIAL
Authors: Salum Alvarado Elena , Salum Alvarado Sara , Saavedra Alvarado Ricardo
Published: May 2016

Este trabajo pretende conocer la opinión que los jueces de familia poseen sobre el derecho a ser oído delos niños y las niñas (0 a 14 años) y la importancia que estos le otorgan como uno de los componentesdel interés superior del niño y la niña. El estudio –de carácter cualitativo– se inserta en la sociologíajurídica empírica. Para este efecto, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a jueces de familia, lascuales se enfocaron en los procesos de los Tribunales de Familia, específicamente en la figura de laaudiencia confidencial. Sostenemos que existe una desalineación entre la legislación que pretende darvida a los principios rectores de la Convención de los Derechos del Niño y los tribunales de familia,específicamente, en la manera en que esta legislación contempla dar cumplimiento al derecho a ser oído.AbstractThis work addresses the views family court judges have on The Right of Children to be heard (0-14years) and the importance they give this as one of the components of the Best Interests of the Child.This qualitative study is framed into the empirical Legal Sociology. To this effect, semi structured interviewsto Family Court Judges were applied, focusing on Family Courts processes, specifically in theConfidential Hearing Audience. We argue that there would be a misalignment between the legislationwhich aims to give life to the Convention on the Rights of the Child’s guiding principles and FamilyCourts, specifically, on how this legislation plans on implementing the right to be heard.
A pair rajzelemzési technika alkalmazása 8–9 éves gyermekek győzelemmel és vesztéssel kapcsolatos rajzain
Authors: Sándor Mónika , Fülöp Márta , Sebestyén Nóra
Published: May 2016

A gyermekkori versengés jelensége sokat vizsgált terület, azonban kevés azon kutatások száma, amelyek a versengés kimeneteleinek, a győzelemnek és vesztésnek gyermeki reprezentációját kívánják mélyrehatóan feltérképezni.

Jelen vizsgálat célja a győzelem és a vesztés fogalmának, valamint a két szituációban megjelenített győztes és vesztes viszonyának a feltárása volt kisiskolások képi reprezentációjában, rámutatva esetleges nemi és iskolatípus-beli (magas tanulmányi követelményű és átlagos) különbségekre is. A vizsgálat alapját 30 kisiskolás (átlag életkor: 8,6 év) győzelemmel és vesztéssel kapcsolatos rajza képezte. A 30 győzelem és 30 vesztés rajz elemzése a PAIR módszer (Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationship, BOMBI, PINTO és CANNONI, 2007) segítségével történt, mely hat szempont (kohézió, távolítás, hasonlóság, érték, érzelmek és konfliktus) mentén vizsgálja az interperszonális kapcsolatokat.

Az eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy a 8–9 éves gyerekek képesek a győztes és a vesztes érzelmi állapotát és a győztes és a vesztes perspektíváját rajzaikban világosan elkülöníteni. A győztes és vesztes, valamint kettőjük kapcsolata másképp reprezentálódik, ha a győzelem a kontextus, mint ha a vesztés. Ez arra utal, hogy a győztes és vesztes interperszonális kapcsolata más érzelmekkel és kapcsolati törekvésekkel jár, attól függően, hogy a győztes vagy a vesztes perspektívájából éli át a gyerek.

A győzelem domináns és kiemelt pozíciót jelent a győztes számára, a győztes gyakrabban lát rá a vesztesre, szélesebb a perspektívája, mint a vesztesnek, és a győztest mind a győzelem mind a vesztés rajzokon szignifikánsan értékesebbnek ábrázolják. A győztes perspektívájából készült rajzokon a győztes értékesebbnek ábrázolódik, a győztes és a vesztes kapcsolata közelebbi, közöttük nagyobb az összetartás, mint a vesztes perspektívájából készült rajzokon. Ezzel összhangban a győzelmet a középpontba helyező ábrázolásokon a vesztes kevésbé elégedetlen, mint a vesztést a középpontba helyezőkön, és a győzelem rajzokon kevesebb konfliktust jelenítenek meg a gyerekek a győztes és a vesztes között, mint a vesztés rajzokon. A kutatás bizonyos nemi és iskolatípus-beli különbségeket is feltárt.
A representação das associações profissionais e os primeiros passos da Justiça Eleitoral (1932-1935)
Authors: Barreto Alvaro Augusto de Borba
Published: May 2016

Resumo O artigo aborda o processo de adoção da representação das associações profissionais na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte brasileira de 1933-1934 e analisa a relação entre o modelo de governança eleitoral que regeu a escolha desses representantes e a Justiça Eleitoral, o organismo eleitoral implantado no mesmo período com vistas a promover a verdade eleitoral na definição da representação popular. Para desenvolver essa tarefa, o texto debruça-se sobre manifestos, entrevistas, matérias jornalísticas e documentos da época, os diplomas legais produzidos no período 1932-1933 (caso do Código Eleitoral, dos decretos do Governo Provisório e da Constituição de 1934), bem como sobre a ação da Justiça Eleitoral na resolução do contencioso oriundo de tal processo.
Influence of Aae Autotransporter Protein on Adhesion and Biofilm Formation by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Nunes Ana Carla Robatto , Longo Priscila Larcher , Mayer Marcia Pinto Alves
Published: May 2016

Abstract The periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans colonizes oral cavity by binding to and invading epithelial cells as well as by participating in biofilms formed on hard surfaces. Aae, an autotransporter protein, is implicated in bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. Due to the multiple functions of bacterial autotransporter proteins, this study aimed to evaluate the role of aae in A. actinomycetemcomitans ability to adhere to both saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA) and biofilm. An aae null mutant was constructed. Its hydrophobic properties as well as its ability to adhere to epithelial cells, SHA and to form biofilm were evaluated and compared with the parental strain, A. actinomycetemcomitans VT1169. The aae null mutant showed reduced hydrophobicity, as well as decreased binding to SHA and biofilm formation compared to the parental strain. These data suggest that aae mediates A. actinomycetemcomitans adhesion to epithelial cells and may be involved in biofilm formation and interaction with adsorbed salivary proteins.
Surgery Combined with LPRF in Denosumab Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Case Report
Authors: Maluf Gustavo , Pinho Milena Correia de , Cunha Sandra Ribeiro de Barros da , Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues
Published: May 2016

Abstract This paper describes two cases in which the use of leucocyte-rich and platelet-rich fibrin (LPRF) combined with bone resection did not result in complete tissue response in the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). It has been recently described in patients receiving subcutaneous administration of RANK-inhibitors, such as Denosumab, and anti-angiogenic drugs, such as Bevacizumab, as observed in our cases. Due to promising results in recent studies, more patients will receive these medications in order to avoid skeletal complications due to metastatic bone disease and, therefore, this scenario has a potential to become a comparable challenge to the bisphosphonate- induced jaw necrosis in the area of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. No convincing surgical technique has been described to overcome the non-healing mucosal lesions with exposed bone due to RANK-inhibitor therapy. Based on the findings in the literature and in both cases described herein can be concluded that the use of LPRF should be considered in the treatment of patients with DRONJ.
Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Produces an Atherofibrotic Histophenotype During Craniofacial Bone Repair Due to Changes of Immunohistochemical Expression of Erk1/2, p38α/β, Adiponectin and Elevated Presence of Cells Exhibiting B-scavenger Receptor (CD36+)
Authors: Schroeder Caroline Cristine , Scariot Juliana Souza Vieira, Rafaela , Ribeiro João Cesar Zielak, Geraldo Monteiro , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda , Giovanini Andrea M. Marcaccini, Allan Fernando
Published: May 2016

Abstract The platelet-extracellular matrix interaction in platelet rich plasma (PRP) through thrombospondin receptor-CD36 induces the secretion of growth factors responsible for cellular proliferation and differentiation during the repair process. Since CD36 also acts as a class B-scavenger-receptor for development of foam-like cells and mitogen-activated kinases, such as Erk1/2 and p38α/β, are important proteins activated by platelet growth factor, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical presence of CD36, Erk1/2, p38α/β during the bone repair treated and non-treated with PRP and to compare these results with the histomorphometry of repair. Simultaneously, the immunopresence of adiponectin was analyzed, which may contribute to osteogenesis at the same time it inhibits fibrosis and impairs adipogenesis and foam cell formation in the medullary area. An artificial bone defect measuring 5×1 mm was produced in the calvaria of 56 Wistar rats. The defects were randomly treated with autograft, autograft+PRP, PRP alone and sham. The animals were euthanized at 2 and 6 weeks post-surgery. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by non-parametric test Student Newman-Keuls (p<0.05) for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical interpretation. The results revealed that in specimens that received PRP the immunopositivity for Erk1/2, p38α/β and CD36 proteins increased significantly while the immunohistochemical expression of adiponectin decreased simultaneously. There was also an accentuated reduction of bone matrix deposition and increase of the medullary area represented by fibrosis and/or presence of foam-like cells, which exhibited immunophenotype CD36+adiponectin. The findings of this study suggest that PRP acted as an inhibitor of osteogenesis during the craniofacial bone repair and induced a pathological condition that mimics an atherofibrotic condition.
In vivo evaluation of a new vena cava filter
Authors: Galego Gilberto do Nascimento , Silveira Pierre Galvagni , Broering Júlia Jochen , Eli Eduardo da Silva , Corbellini Marcelo Peixer , Oliveira Junior Amir Antônio Martins de
Published: May 2016

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism is an important cause of cardiovascular death. Inferior vena cava filters have been shown to be effective for prevention of this condition. Objectives To determine the safety, performance and efficacy of a new inferior vena cava filter in an ovine model. Methods BKone1 filters are self-centering with over-the-wire deployment, have three filtering regions and are made from nickel-titanium alloy. Eight of these filters were implanted in 8 sheep. The sheep were divided into 4 groups of two animals (A and B) and the number of clots injected differed by group. Two clots were injected in group 2, four in group 3, eight in group 4 and zero clots in group 1. A animals underwent euthanasia soon after the procedure and B animals were observed for 30 days and then euthanized after a control cavography. All inferior vena cavas were processed for histological examination. Clots were prepared in a metal mold, sectioned and then radiopaque markers were inserted. Clot capture was analyzed by identifying the radiopaque marker on fluoroscopy. Results No clot migration was observed during follow-up. Control cavographies showed patent inferior vena cavas. Pathological examination indicated little inflammatory tissue response. All clots were captured in the condition with 2 clots, only one clot was missed in the group injected with 4 clots and in the condition of 8 clots, they were partly captured. Conclusions The filters were deployed safely. There was a reduction in efficacy as the number of blood clots increased.
Atividade alelopática dos lixiviados de Asemeia extraaxillaris (Polygalaceae) sobre o crescimento de Ipomoea cordifolia
Authors: SILVA C.B. , OLIVEIRA M. , DIAS J.F. , ZANIN S.M.W. , SANTOS G.O. , CÂNDIDO A.C.S. , PERES M.T.L.P. , SIMIONATTO E. , MIGUEL O.G. , MIGUEL M.D.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade alelopática dos lixiviados das raízes e folhas secas de Asemeia extraaxillaris sobre o crescimento de corda de viola Ipomoea cordifolia em casa de vegetação, para avaliação dos efeitos sobre o estresse oxidativo. Nos bioensaios foram utilizadas três concentrações (0,25 - 5,00 e 10,00 g) e um controle, com quatro repetições de 10 plantas, cultivadas em solo durante 30 dias. Os lixiviados possuem ação alelopática e o maior efeito foi verificado para o pó das raizes. O efeito inibitório foi dose-dependente e o aumento do estresse oxidativo foi observado pelos níveis da catalase, peroxidase, superóxido dismutase, glutationa redutase, peroxidação lipídica e síntese de formazan. Concluiu-se que A. extraaxillaris possui substâncias capazes de afetar a emergência, o crescimento e o estresse oxidativo de I. cordifolia.
Efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre a antracnose in vitro e em frutos de mamoeiro
Authors: ANDRADE W.P. , VIEIRA G.H.C.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO As doenças pós-colheita do mamão são as principais responsáveis pelas perdas que ocorrem durante esse processo. A antracnose é uma doença causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Esse patógeno tem a capacidade de se estabelecer no fruto imaturo, permanecendo em estado latente até que as condições se tornem favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito fungistático dos óleos essenciais sobre o fungo C.gloeosporioides. Os experimentos foram realizados no laboratório de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Cassilândia, foram três etapas, quais sejam: I efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre a germinação de conídios, II- ação in vitro dos óleos sobre micélios fúngicos e III- efeito dos óleos essenciais sobre o fungo em frutos do mamoeiro. Para as três fases o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 X 5, (óleos essenciais de alecrim, menta, capim-limão, anis, árvore-chá e canela) e cinco concentrações (0 μL, 10 μL, 30 μL, 50 μL, 100 μL), com 5 repetições. A germinação de conídios foi afetada drasticamente pelos óleos de menta e árvore-chá. O efeito fungitóxico do óleo de menta foi confirmado nos experimentos subsequentes, nos quais essa substância na concentração de 100 µL inibiu completamente o crescimento micelial invivo e in vitro do fungo C. gloeosporioides. Os óleos de alecrim e árvore-chá também afetam o crescimento micelial in vivo e in vitro desse fungo, embora em menor intensidade.
Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, citotóxica e antioxidante da espécie vegetal Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill
Authors: SILVA A.L.L. , ARAUJO M.G.S. , BASTOS M.L.A. , BERNARDO T.H.L. , OLIVEIRA J.F.S. , SILVA-JUNIOR E.F. , SANTOS-JUNIOR P.F.S. , ARAUJO M.V. , ALEXANDRE-MOREIRA M.S. , ARAÚJO-JÚNIOR J.X. , VERISSIMO R.C.S.S.
Published: May 2016

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antibacteriana, antioxidante e citotóxica da espécie Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. Foi realizada a prospecção fitoquímica e espectroscopia de absorção de infravermelho (IV) dos extratos etanólicos brutos e frações dos cladódios grande e pequeno. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo método da capacidade sequestradora de radicais livres utilizando o radical sintético 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A atividade citotóxica foi obtida através do método colorimétrico do Metiltetrazolium (MTT). Já a atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) frente às estirpes bacterianas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. A prospecção fitoquímica revelou principalmente a presença de fenóis, esteroides livres, alcaloides, alcanos, além de outras classes químicas. O IV apresentou grupos funcionais como alcanos, carbonilas, grupos de metila, duplas ligações de carbono, grupamentos alquilamina, entre outros. Sobre a citotoxicidade na concentração de 100 μg/mL, os dois extratos brutos, todas as frações do cladódio grande e as frações de clorofórmio e metanol do cladódio pequeno não apresentaram toxicidade. Os extratos brutos e frações do cladódio grande e pequeno, não demonstraram atividade antibacteriana e nem antioxidante. Esses resultados podem fornecer suporte para pesquisas futuras, visando outras atividades biológicas da presente espécie vegetal.
Evaporation time of droplets containing thiamethoxam and adjuvants sprayed on sugarcane leaves
Authors: Cunha João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da , Lasmar Olinto , Ramos Arthur Magri Pereira , Alves Guilherme Sousa
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The spread and evaporation time of droplets deposited on the target affect the application efficiency of pesticides. This study aimed at evaluating the evaporation time of droplets with different sizes, under different levels of relative air humidity, containing thiamethoxam and adjuvants sprayed on sugarcane leaves. Data were collected in a climate chamber with controlled conditions, where a digital microscope was set up to record the droplet images. The evaporation time was evaluated considering three relative air humidity rates (45 %, 60 % and 75 %). For each condition, a completely randomized experiment was installed with five replications, in a 5 x 6 factorial design consisting of five sprays (water, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + mineral oil, thiamethoxam + vegetable oil and thiamethoxam + spreader) and six droplet diameters (337 µm, 424 µm, 486 µm, 576 µm, 831 µm and 985 µm). The evaporation time is directly and linearly related to the droplet diameter, with larger diameters requiring a longer time to evaporate. The evaporation time of droplets is also influenced by relative air humidity and spray composition. Among the adjuvants tested, the mineral oil provides the lower evaporation time for all droplet sizes.
Reaction of melon genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Diniz Guilherme Matos Martins , Candido Willame dos Santos , Soares Renato Silva , Santos Lucas da Silva , Marín Marcus Vinícius , Soares Pedro Luiz Martins , Braz Leila Trevisan
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Melon is one of the most economically important crops cultivated in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region. However, as its cultivation increases, phytosanitary problems arise, including those caused by nematodes, which are most effectively controlled using resistant cultivars. This study aimed at assessing the reaction of muskmelon genotypes, in terms of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica infestation. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 15 factorial scheme, with six replications. A total of 15 muskmelon genotypes were evaluated and the 'Santa Cruz Kada' tomato was used as a susceptible control. The total number of eggs and juvenile nematodes in the roots and the reproduction factor were used to assess the genotype reaction. None of the genotypes was resistant to M. incognita. Eight genotypes were classified as resistant to M. javanica and promising for use in melon breeding programs.
Hospitalization due to drug use did not change after a decade of the Psychiatric Reform
Authors: Balbinot Alexandre Dido , Horta Rogério Lessa , Costa Juvenal Soares Dias da , Araújo Renata Brasil , Poletto Simone , Teixeira Marina Bressaneli
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the psychiatric hospitalization rates due to use of psychoactive substances and average time of hospitalization suffered any changes after the first decade of effective implementation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil. METHODS This article examines the evolution of hospitalizations due to disorders arising from the use of alcohol or other substances in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological, time-series study, which uses data from admissions obtained by the Informatics Service of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Hospitalization rates by 100,000 inhabitants and average time of occupancy of beds were estimated. Coefficients of variation of these rates were estimated by Poisson Regression. RESULTS The total and male hospitalization rates did not vary (p = 0.056 and p = 0.244, respectively). We observed an increase of 3.0% for the female sex (p = 0.049). We did not observe any significant variation for occupancy time of beds. CONCLUSIONS The deployment of services triggered by the Brazilian psychiatric reform was not accompanied by a reduction of hospitalization rates or mean occupancy time of hospitalized patients during this first decade of implementation of the reform.
Prevalence of hypertension among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Vivian Siqueira Santos , Galvão Taís Freire , Andrade Keitty Regina Cordeiro de , Dutra Eliane Said , Bertolin Maria Natacha Toral , Carvalho Kenia Mara Baiocchi de , Pereira Mauricio Gomes
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hypertension among adolescent Brazilian students. METHODS A systematic review of school-based cross-sectional studies was conducted. The articles were searched in the databases MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, CAPES thesis database and Trip Database. In addition, we examined the lists of references of relevant studies to identify potentially eligible articles. No restrictions regarding publication date, language, or status applied. The studies were selected by two independent evaluators, who also extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality following eight criteria related to sampling, measuring blood pressure, and presenting results. The meta-analysis was calculated using a random effects model and analyses were performed to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS We retrieved 1,577 articles from the search and included 22 in the review. The included articles corresponded to 14,115 adolescents, 51.2% (n = 7,230) female. We observed a variety of techniques, equipment, and references used. The prevalence of hypertension was 8.0% (95%CI 5.0–11.0; I2 = 97.6%), 9.3% (95%CI 5.6–13.6; I2 = 96.4%) in males and 6.5% (95%CI 4.2–9.1; I2 = 94.2%) in females. The meta-regression failed to identify the causes of the heterogeneity among studies. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences found in the methodologies of the included studies, the results of this systematic review indicate that hypertension is prevalent in the Brazilian adolescent school population. For future investigations, we suggest the standardization of techniques, equipment, and references, aiming at improving the methodological quality of the studies.
Integration and innovation; temporary and permanent works: Swinden and Lee Green impounding reservoir spillway upgrades
Authors: Oates Chris
Published: May 2016

The Swinden and Lee Green impounding reservoirs are United Utility assets near Burnley, Lancashire. This project delivered key upgrades to spillway facilities to enable them to safely pass the probable maximum flood in the interests of safety. Several temporary-works packages were identified during the tender phase, and close collaboration between the designer and the contractor capitalised on this rare opportunity to deliver combined designs that facilitated economical, innovative and safe construction. This paper outlines the clear benefits added by integrating permanent-works designs with temporary-works design packages.
A atenção à saúde dos povos indígenas do Brasil: das missões ao subsistema
Authors: BENEVIDES Luciana , PORTILLO Jorge Alberto Cordón , NASCIMENTO Wanderson Flor do
Published: May 2016

Um dos maiores desafios para os sistemas públicos é garantir o acesso à saúde de minorias culturalmente distintas em sociedades multiétnicas. A criação do Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena, componente do Sistema Único de Saúde, pretendeu adequar os serviços de saúde às características da população indígena e proporcionou o surgimento de espaços para a participação indígena. Com o objetivo de auxiliar a compreensão da importância e do significado da garantia do acesso da população indígena aos serviços de saúde e de sua participação nas políticas públicas, buscou-se, neste artigo, realizar uma retrospectiva histórica da assistência à saúde aos povos indígenas, descrever a estrutura organizacional do subsistema e destacar os desafios para sua implementação.
Vigilância e Promoção da Saúde
Authors: BARBOSA Luiza de Marilac Meireles
Published: May 2016

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Processo de Incorporação dos Inibidores de Protease para Hepatite C Crônica em Sistemas Públicos de Saúde: estudo de caso comparativo entre Brasil, Austrália, Canadá e Inglaterra.
Authors: SILVA Fernanda Dias da , PEREIRA Claudia Cristina de Aguiar , MACHADO Carla Jorge
Published: May 2016

Os estudos de Avaliação em Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS) subsidiam decisões quanto ao uso racional das tecnologias em saúde. Encontrar um equilíbrio entre a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde, e o adequado acesso e utilização das tecnologias, representa um desafio e pressupõe o uso de ferramentas consistentes. Foram analisadas neste trabalho as características gerais das agências ou instituições responsáveis pela ATS, bem como o processo de avaliação e a incorporação dos inibidores de protease, telaprevir e boceprevir, para o tratamento da hepatite C crônica por meio de um estudo de caso comparativo de Brasil, Austrália, Canadá e Inglaterra. Trata-se de estudo de caso. Foi realizada pesquisa nos relatórios publicados sobre telaprevir e boceprevir, em 2013, nos endereços eletrônicos dos órgãos avaliadores dos países escolhidos. Observou-se, comparativamente a outras agências, que a Comissão brasileira (CONITEC), diferentemente das demais, aceitou a submissão e publicou no mesmo relatório a avaliação de medicamentos diferentes; sua composição tem perfil diverso das demais agências, cujos membros são indicados por sua expertise em ATS; o modelo de ATS é homogêneo entre os países; Houve divergências nos critérios de elegibilidade da população-alvo, mesmo com aprovação do medicamento; o preço praticado no Brasil foi o menor; a Comissão Brasileira definiu no relatório de avaliação da incorporação do telaprevir e boceprevir também as regras de organização da rede assistencial, a elaboração de protocolos clínicos e diretrizes terapêuticas.
Condicionalidades de saúde do Programa Bolsa Família: reflexões a partir de um centro médico municipal no Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Lima Maria Raquel Passos , Pontes Liliane Dos Anjos , Silva Denise Oliveira e
Published: May 2016

Este artigo descreve e analisa a experiência de acompanhamento de mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família em um centro de saúde municipal na zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro. Através de pesquisa empírica, busca-se contribuir com dados qualitativos para a compreensão do universo que envolve o cumprimento das condicionalidades exigidas por essa política social. A metodologia utilizada é a observação participante empreendida nos atendimentos semanais oferecidos às participantes do Programa. As condições materiais e as atividades práticas que envolviam a realização das consultas nutricionais são apresentadas, assim como a relação destas com a gestão da estrutura burocrática que rege o funcionamento da instituição. Na conclusão, são discutidos os fatores que se tornam limitantes dentro desta estrutura e, sua relação com as beneficiárias, assim como as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos gestores e profissionais de saúde para contorná-los. A análise demonstra a complexidade de fatores que incidem sobre o cumprimento das condicionalidades do PBF nas unidades de saúde, problematizando perspectivas que tendem a responsabilizar moralmente as mães, apontando a sua conduta como fator exclusivo do qual depende a realização das contrapartidas exigidas.
Mobilização para um Programa de Pesquisa Translacional em Leishmanioses: uma Solução para Saúde Pública.
Authors: SAMPAIO Ricardo Barros , ELIAS Flávia Tavares Silva , ROITMAN Celina , FERREIRA Ricardo de Godoi Mattos , MOREL Carlos Medici , NETO Manoel BARRAL , CARVALHO Edgar Marcelino , MARTINS Wagner de Jesus , PENNA Gerson de Oliveira
Published: May 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo registrar o processo de articulação de pesquisadores e gestores de Ciência e Tecnologia que culminou com a estruturação de um programa de pesquisa translacional para busca de soluções acerca de novos tratamentos para as leishmanioses. Em que pese a expressiva massa de publicações na área de leishmaniose, ainda persiste a falta de acesso a tratamentos efetivos para pacientes. O aumento no número de casos registrados tem alarmado os gestores de saúde pública. Na contramão da situação que se apresenta o número de pesquisas científicas na área tem crescido nos últimos anos colocando o Brasil entre os países com maior número de publicações científicas na área junto aos EUA e India. A estratégia de aproximar e ativar uma rede de pesquisadores no campo e direcioná-los a um programa de pesquisa translacional será o foco de ação nos próximos dez anos.
INTERNATO RURAL EM SAÚDE COLETIVA COM ÊNFASE EM SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA E PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS: UMA PROPOSTA DE INTEGRAÇÃO PARA A FORMAÇÃO MÉDICA.
Authors: ODORIZZI Valdir Francisco , De NOÁ Kezia Cristina Araujo , Da CRUZ Analice Oliveira , MARQUEZAN Rogério Ferreira , ODORIZZI Ana Letícia Covre
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta que visa promover a formação ética, técnica e política dos acadêmico-multiplicadores participantes, fato de fundamental importância no processo de educação em saúde, instrumentalizando a problemática e o mecanismo reflexão sobre a realidade de trabalho médico no interior do país. Essa proposta ainda acrescenta a concepção de um processo de formação acadêmica ao mesmo tempo inovadora e inclusiva, que permitirá a visualização dos programas políticos em curso, e também a auto-identificação e o reconhecimento dos acadêmicos de medicina, como protagonistas do processo, desafiando as abordagens tradicionalmente utilizadas nos cursos de Medicina e da Sistematização das Políticas de Saúde; justificando-se plenamente.
Emerging Community Identities Among the Factory Workers Among the Factory Workers in Colonial India
Authors: Sharma Dr. Monica
Published: May 2016

In this paper an attempt is made to explore the neighbourhood linkages among the lower caste factory workers in colonial India and the ways in which this acted as an agency to forge a community identity among them. For the purpose of this work theme such as the settlement patterns of the neighbourhoods, the nature of leisure activities and the transformations that some sections of the lower caste factory workers under went as a consequence of upward mobility have been taken up. This paper focuses on the leather workers of Kanpur an industrial town of the United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh), the period of study is the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the initial stages of industrialization.
A Case Study of the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank (MDMSB): A Model of Financial Capability through Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Balkawade Minakshi
Published: May 2016

Economic development in terms of poverty alleviation and gender equity is at the root of all State-run programmes in almost all emerging economies, including India. However although the Indian government has constantly launched commendable poverty alleviation programmes for the rural poor and women, along with financial inclusion initiatives, they have met a lack-lustre success, owing to a top-down approach i.e. either finance sans application (knowledge, skill and ability) or vice-versa. This necessitated institutional capacity building i.e. development in the form of social capital at the rural level by the local people, in addition to financial inclusion programmes. Thus were born rural social entrepreneurs with their unique rural development models, with an aim to generate employment opportunities for alleviating poverty by fostering women entrepreneurship.

This study takes an overview of one such social entrepreneur - Chetna Gala Sinha, who promoted the Mann Deshi Mahila Sahakari Bank (MDMSB), the first ever women’s rural co-operative bank in Maharashtra, which aims at rural women entrepreneurship development through its first of its kind financial capability model.
Pricing Aesthetics: How Cognitive Perception Affects Bidding for Artworks
Authors: Chai Fangyuan , Peng Kaiping , Yu Feng
Published: May 2016

There are few studies in which the focus is on cognitive determinants of artwork bidding. Using a micro approach, we explored factors that may influence bidders' offering from a psychological perspective. The 157 participants rated 25 paintings on the price they were willing to offer
for works by famous Chinese artists executed in the traditional Chinese style and variants of the same works by a modern Chinese artist working in adaptations of the style of famous Western artists. Results showed that for both the Chinese and Western-style paintings in 3 price anchoring and
3 price nonanchoring conditions, 3 factors affected the bidding for the artworks: positive attraction, artistic quality, and cognitive stimulation. Of these factors positive attraction and artistic quality were the primary influences. In each condition, positive attraction was always the positive
predictor of the bidders' offering, emphasizing the importance of the artwork's aesthetic value. In contrast, artistic quality deterred participants from bidding. In addition, whether or not there was a reference-point price made a difference in the traditional Chinese group of artworks. Bidders
wished to offer a higher price only if the price had been high for the previous example of this artist's work that had sold.
The Relationship Between Spontaneous Trait Inferences and Spontaneous Situational Inferences: A Developmental Approach
Authors: Zhang Qing , Fang Ningjuan
Published: May 2016

Using a recognition probe paradigm, we examined the relationship between the strength of tendency to make spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) and the strength of tendency to make spontaneous situational inferences (SSIs) among 3 groups of Chinese children and adolescents (N =
144) aged 8, 11, and 14 years, respectively. The results showed that the children could make both STIs and SSIs simultaneously from the age of 8 years. Both 8- and 11-year-olds were more likely to make SSIs than STIs, but for the 11-year-olds there was no difference between the strength of
tendency to make STIs and the strength of tendency to make SSIs. These results are discussed in the light of social judgment processes, and of cultural differences in spontaneous impression formation.
Approximating the Conway-Maxwell-Poisson normalizing constant
Authors: Şimşek Burçin , Iyengar Satish
Published: May 2016

The Conway-Maxwell-Poisson is a two-parameter family of distributions on the
nonnegative integers. Its parameters ? and ? model the intensity and the
dispersion, respectively. Its normalizing constant is not always easy to
compute, so good approximations are needed along with an assessment of their
error. Shmueli, et al. [11] derived an approximation assuming that ? is an
integer, and gave an estimate of the relative error. Their numerical work
showed that their approximation performs well in some parameter ranges but
not in others. Our aims are to show that this approximation applies to all
real ? > 0; to provide correction terms to this approximation; and to give
different approximations for ? very small and very large. We then investigate
the error terms numerically to assess our approximations. In parameter ranges
for which Shmueli?s approximation does poorly we show that our correction
terms or alternative approximations give considerable improvement.
Using a 3D Technology in the Network Distance Teaching of "Sports Training"
Authors: QI Yongsheng , SHI Youguo
Published: May 2016

As a new modern educational technology, the real time recording and playing has great significance in promoting distance learning, independent study and teaching quality. This research designed and developed a distance learning platform for students majoring in physical education based on 3D technology and real-time recording and playing technology. Through 3D technology, this teaching platform includes functions such as: overall module of 3D real time recording and playing, access to information, generation of 3D simulation video, video release and download module. Experimental results showed that teaching physical education curriculum with this platform can greatly improve learning efficiency and academic achievement; by innovating educational technologies of real time recording and playing system, so as to better promote the construction of distance education at the University.
Detection of UV Rays Using CdTe Quantum Dots
Authors: Anbarasi A. , Kalpana R. , Arivarasan A. , Jayavel R. , Venkataraman B.
Published: May 2016

Development of simple UV detection system using CdTe quantum dots (QDs) as primary detector with scintillating property on exposure to UV rays is reported. CdTe, CdTe/ZnS and CdTe/CdS QDs were synthesized in aqueous phase using mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) as a capping agent and studied for its properties like crystallite size, band gap energy, fluorescence emission intensity and uniformity in size distribution. The prepared QDs were exposed to different radiations such as infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) and X-rays. The fluorescent emission was recorded by an optoelectronic circuit in terms of electrical signal. The result of this study shows that CdTe/ZnS QDs is better suited for the detection and measurement of UV rays. Hence these QDs could be used as a sensing element while fabricating nanosensor for UV detection.
Proposal of a Web-based Collaborative System to Support Student's Homework
Authors: Candeias Miguel , Reis Maria G.A.D. , Escola Joaquim J. , Reis Manuel Cabral
Published: May 2016

The authors propose a web-based system to support students' homework, and letting their parents have access to it. From the teacher's point of view, the authors believe that one of the major advantages of their system is time saving. Like other systems available, this system gathers statistical data concerning different groups of students selected by the teacher. From these data on, the teacher can easily see where students are having problems and decide what to do next. From the student's point of view, the authors elected as main advantages of this system the prompt feedback about the exercises correctness, added to the training with different exercises sets about the same subject, besides the utilization of video, color, sound, etc., that positively reinforce child's senses. Their previous results show that students prefer to solve exercises in digital form, rather than exercises in paper form, also showing a more positive attitude towards the former. Also, the authors have seen that the use of computers has enabled the development of tactile sensitivity and motor coordination in children with special education needs.
Fabrication, testing and evaluation of a dust filtration system for small-scale spice grinding mills
Authors: Dharmasena D. A. N. , Jayatissa D. N. , Kumara N. G. V. C. M. , Wijesinghe D. T. N.
Published: May 2016

The generation of excessive levels of spicy aroma and the airborne dust in spice grinding mills is one of the main ergonomic problems of the workers and sometimes create social problems due to environmental pollution. Although the fine dust as well as the aromatic chemicals has an economic value, collection of them is fairly a difficult task under small-scale processing plants. A technically and economically feasible low-cost dust filtration system was designed to filter and maintain the concentration of airborne dust level below the recommended level of 10 mg/m3 for 8-hour exposure time, in a spice grinding plant. The dust filtration system was designed based on a similar principle as in the existing spry tower filter. However, the method does not require very high pressure for fluid atomization as in that system and the unit can be fabricated using locally available materials with a very high lifetime. Dust measurements were carried out using a special cloth bag-collecting device with a fixed airflow rate. Dust removal rates were determined with different concentrations of a foaming shampoo (Lifebuoy shampoo) and a non-foaming detergent (‘Rinso’ automatic washing machine powder). Results showed that the filtration unit is capable of filtering airborne dust with an efficiency of 91% with the foaming detergent while an efficiency of 78% with the non-foaming detergent. An initial dust load of 108-150mg/m3 in the air was reduced to 9.6mg/m3 with the foaming detergent and 32mg/m3 with the non-foaming detergent or tap water without any detergent. Therefore, the dust filtration system is effective only with the foaming detergent. The cost of the system is about Rs.11000.00 (US $ 110) and the estimated additional cost for dust filtration per one kg of processed chilli powder is about 52Cents (US $ 0.005).
Radiation interception, light extinction coefficient and leaf area index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop as influenced by row orientation and row spacing
Authors: Lunagaria M. M. , Shekh A. M.
Published: May 2016

A field experiment was conducted at the B A College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (India)(22°35’N, 72°55’E; 45.1 m MSL)during rabi (winter) season of 2003-2004 on a sandy loam soil to study the effect of row orientation and row spacing on radiation interception, Leaf Area Index and Light extinction coefficient in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. GW-496 under two dates of sowing. The PAR values in terms of incident/incoming PAR and transmitted PAR at the field were measured after canopy development (i.e. 23 Days after sowing) at 10 day intervals at 0900-1000 h, 1200-1300 h and 1500-1600 h in a day with a Sun San Canopy Analysis System (Delta-T Devices, UK). LAI was also measured directly by the Sun Scan Canopy Analysis System at noon. The instantaneous values were averaged for that day and were converted to MJm-2 day-1. Solar radiation was recorded by a Pyranometer. The conversion of the daily solar radiation to PAR was made by employing a 0.5 fraction. Narrow NS (North-South) rows in general produced higher LAI throughout the growing season. NS row with narrow spacing was the most effective treatment in relation to the accumulated IPAR values, although the differences in the values corresponding to other treatments were not remarkable. The fluctuations in extinction coefficient (k) values were less random in NS rows than those corresponding ones for EW rows.
The signal transducer and activator of transcription factors lodge in immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zare F. , Dehghan-Manshadi M. , Mirshafiey A.
Published: May 2016

Rheumatoid arthritisis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects ~1-2% of the world’s population and damages synovial joints. RA is characterized by inflammation, autoantibody production, cartilage and bone destruction and synovial hyperplasia. Inflammation induces systemic and articular synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 that play essential roles in joint and other organ damage in this disease. Considering the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription factors (STATs) in signaling of these cytokines, these proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. The expression and activity of STATs can contribute to the onset, progression and severity of RA. All STAT family members (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b, and STAT6) have been associated with autoimmune diseases, as highlighted in several studies. In this review we aim to describe the immunobiology of STATs and its family members and the role of these proteins in the immunopathogenesis of RA.