bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
With and Without Galton
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

In 1865, British polymath Francis Galton published his initial thoughts about the scientific field that would become ‘eugenics.’ The same year, Russian physician Vasilii Florinskii addressed similar issues in a sizeable treatise, entitled Human Perfection and Degeneration. Initially unheralded, Florinskii’s book would go on to have a remarkable afterlife in twentieth- and twenty-first-century Russia. In this lucid and insightful work, Nikolai Krementsov argues that the concept of eugenics brings together ideas, values, practices, and fears energised by a focus on the future. It has proven so seductive to different groups over time because it provides a way to grapple with fundamental existential questions of human nature and destiny. With and Without Galton develops this argument by tracing the life-story of Florinskii’s monograph from its uncelebrated arrival amid the Russian empire’s Great Reforms, to its reissue after the Bolshevik Revolution, its decline under Stalinism, and its subsequent resurgence: first, as a founding document of medical genetics, and most recently, as a manifesto for nationalists and racial purists. Krementsov’s meticulously researched ‘biography of a book’ sheds light not only on the peculiar fate of eugenics in Russia, but also on its convoluted transnational history, elucidating the field’s protean nature and its continuing and contested appeal to diverse audiences, multiple local trajectories, and global trends. It is required reading for historians of eugenics, science, medicine, education, literature, and Russia, and it will also appeal to the general reader looking for a deeper understanding of this challenging subject.
1. The Author: Vasilii Florinskii
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

‘The Author,’ presents a multitude of individuals, events, ideas, places, institutions, and ideals, which altogether and each separately molded the future author of Human Perfection and Degeneration. Born to the clergy and educated at primary and secondary theological schools in the provinces, Florinskii wanted to continue his ecclesiastical career and to complete his training at the highest theological school—St. Petersburg Theological Academy. An accident barred the doors of the theological academy to the ambitious youth. So, instead, he enrolled in the Imperial Medical Surgical Academy (IMSA), the country’s foremost medical school. After five years of extensive studies he became a physician, switching almost seamlessly from theology to gynecology and from tending to the souls of his parishioners to taking care of their bodies. Florinskii’s teachers noticed his abilities and slated the freshly minted physician to a professorial position at his alma mater. Over the next three years, he successfully passed all the required examinations and defended a dissertation for the Doctor of Medicine degree. With all the formal requirements completed on time and with the highest marks, the IMSA Council sent Florinskii on a two-year, all-expenses-paid tour of European medical schools and clinics for advanced training. Upon his return to St. Petersburg in the early fall of 1863, the young doctor became an adjunct-professor at the department of gynecology and obstetrics and began a successful career as a teacher, a researcher, and a clinician. Less than two years later, he started working on his tract about ‘human perfection and degeneration.’ Why did the young gynecologist embark on writing about a subject so remote from his immediate professional duties and scholarly interests? And why did he publish his treatise in Russian Word, the most radical ‘literary-political’ journal of the time?
2. The Publisher: Grigorii Blagosvetlov
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

In search for answers to these questions, the second chapter follows the life and works of Grigorii Blagosvetlov (1824-1880), the journal’s editor-in-chief and publisher. It was Blagosvetlov who first serialized Florinskii’s treatise in his journal and then released it in book format. And, it was Blagosvetlov, Kremetsov argues, who enticed the young professor to write the treatise in the first place and, to a certain degree, shaped its style and contents. Florinskii’s essays were actually part of a broad campaign waged by the journal and its editor to popularize science and to promote a scientific worldview that sought to understand and eventually to cure the ‘social ills’ plaguing post-Crimean Russia. The propaganda of Charles Darwin’s evolutionary ideas, especially their possible ‘social applications,’ became a particular focus of this campaign, with nearly all of the journal’s core contributors publishing articles, essays, and reviews on the subject. Alas, none of them had adequate training in the natural sciences to explore these questions in depth. This occasionally led to embarrassing incidents and bitter polemics that apparently prompted Blagosvetlov’s invitation to Florinskii to write for Russian Word and the publication of his treatise in four of its 1865 issues. Unlike Galton’s 1865 article based on his original statistical studies of blood relations among ‘British men,’ Florinskii’s treatise was a ‘thought piece’ based on his careful reading and analysis of available literature.
4. The Hereafter: Words and Deeds
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

The fourth chapter chronicles the events that followed the appearance of Florinskii’s treatise in Russian Word. Surprising as it might seem, almost immediately after its publication, Florinskii completely withdrew from any further collaboration with Blagosvetlov. He never returned to the subject of this treatise in any of his later works and did absolutely nothing to promote it among his colleagues or the general public. But his publisher did. Just one month after the publication of Florinskii’s essays Russian Word was shut down by the order of the Imperial authorities. Blagosvetlov, however, soon established a new journal, evocatively titled Deed, through which he continued his campaign to popularize the role that the natural sciences (especially, Darwinism) could play in the understanding and curing of ‘social ills.’ In late August 1866, Blagosvetlov released Florinskii’s essays as a book. He kept the book in print for more than a decade, regularly advertising it on the pages of Deed. Furthermore, he continued to publish in his new journal numerous articles and printed several books, including a translation of Darwin’s Descent of Man, which explored further various issues raised by and in Florinskii’s treatise. Yet despite all of these efforts, much as happened to Galton’s early eugenic works, Florinskii’s book and its main ideas went virtually unnoticed. Similar to Galton’s first publications on ‘hereditary talents,’ Florinskii’s concept of human perfection and degeneration held the promise of generating a viable research program, stirring public opinion, and, perhaps, even initiating policy change. But it proved impotent in arousing the interest of either the Russian scholarly community, or the general public, to say nothing of the Imperial bureaucracy. This chapter examines numerous personal, social, political, and intellectual factors that might have contributed to the sudden end of what at first had seemed a very productive collaboration, to Florinskii’s abandonment of a promising line of inquiry, and to its general neglect by its intended audiences.
Apologia: The Historian’s Craft
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai
Published: September 2018

This addresses numerous challenges the author faced in researching and writing this book and focuses on two major components of the historian’s craft: finding necessary sources and translating the past, both literally and figuratively, for the present-day reader.
Neighborhood-Based Contingency Tables Including Errors Compensation
Authors: Stein Joël , Stoop Fabien
Published: September 2018

Some specific scores use a neighborhood strategy in order to reduce double penalty effects, which penalize high-resolution models, compared to large-scale models. Contingency tables based on this strategy have already been proposed, but can sometimes display undesirable behavior. A new method of populating contingency tables is proposed: pairs of missed events and false alarms located in the same local neighborhood compensate in order to give pairs of hits and correct rejections. Local tables are summed up so as to provide the final table for the whole verification domain. It keeps track of the bias of the forecast when neighborhoods are taken into account. Moreover, the scores computed from this table depend on the distance between forecast and observed patterns. This method is applied to binary and multicategorical events in a simplified framework so as to present the method and to compare the new tables with previous neighborhood-based contingency tables. The new tables are then used for the verification of two models operational at Météo-France: AROME, a high-resolution model, and ARPEGE, a large-scale global model. The comparison of several contingency scores shows that the importance of the double penalty decreases more for AROME than for ARPEGE when the neighboring size increases. Scores designed for rare events are also applied to these neighborhood-based contingency tables.
Comparing the Health of Relocated Public Housing Residents and Current Residents of a Historically Black Community: The Moderating Role of Social Cohesion
Authors: Donley Amy M. , Nicholson Harvey L.
Published: September 2018

This study examined the effects of public housing relocation on the physical and mental health and overall self-reported health status of relocated residents. As a contrast, health outcomes of relocated residents were compared to residents of the larger community who did not live in public housing. The sample was drawn from a historically Black community (HBC) near central Florida. Data used for this study were collected as part of the Choices Neighborhood Initiatives’ grant. In several regression models, the moderating effects of social cohesion on the relationship between resident status and health were assessed. Results showed relocated public housing residents reported more physical and mental health problems and poorer self-reported health compared to current residents of the broader community. In the fully adjusted models, social cohesion moderated the association between resident status and mental health. Our results suggest higher levels of social cohesion within public housing environments may be protective of poor mental health postrelocation for relocated residents.
The ecologist and the journalist: Imaginings of place in the New Zealand nonfiction of Geoff Park and Steve Braunias
Authors: Horrocks Ingrid
Published: September 2018

Using an Aotearoa New Zealand case study and a contemporary settler-colonial context, this article brings together two traditions of writing about place: that associated with the “New Nature Writing” and that stemming from a sociological or journalistic approach. Place writing shifts location from the background or setting, to being an explicit topic of investigation, and as such bears a relationship to a long history of nature writing and environmental thought. However, it is not given that when we think about “place” we turn to ecology and history. This article activates the potential openness of the idea of “place writing” to develop a model for considerations of different kinds of engagements with place alongside one another. It compares the textual literary geographies created by ecologist Geoff Park in Ngā Uruora /The Groves of Life: Ecology and History in a New Zealand Landscape (1995) and journalist Steve Braunias in Civilisation: Twenty Places on the Edge of the World (2012), paying attention to the role played in these imaginaries by the form of the nonfiction first-person essay. While Park’s book is representative of a path of settler-colonial writing that evokes place through an engagement with Nature, history and Indigenous experience, Braunias’s is representative of a quite different path, one predominantly focused on the various people who live in a place now. In both cases, the writers’ settler-colonial situation complicates the claims they make, while their Pākehā identities unsettle identification of what or who is “native” to either land or society in any location. This article argues that each path provides a potential corrective to the oversights and sentimentality of the other. Treating them together reveals much about Pākehā stories of place and the questions that arise from them, and adds new complexity and nuance to our understandings of place and environmental writing generally.
Links Between Patterns of Quality in Diverse Settings and Children’s Early Outcomes
Authors: Iruka Iheoma U. , Forry Nicole D.
Published: September 2018

Patterns of quality among approximately 1,400 center classrooms and 350 family child care homes based on measures of global quality, sensitive caregiving, and frequency of language/literacy and math/numeracy activities were examined. Four patterns of quality were identified. Provider education was predictive of higher quality care in both centers and family child care home arrangements. Associations between quality patterns and children’s preschool and kindergarten academic skills were found among children in family child care homes only. Policy and practice implications related to the varying patterns of quality are discussed.
Transformational Focusing Experiences: A Thematic Analysis of Memoirs
Authors: Grindler Katonah Doralee , Grafanaki Soti , Krycka Kevin C. , McDonald Mary V.
Published: September 2018

Transformation is a profound change process culminating in a fundamental shift in one’s sense of self and way of being-in-the-world. Research on transformation is limited, particularly transformation as a holistic, bodily felt process. A process called Focusing was identified by Gendlin (1981), who formulated how the body participates in personal change and meaning creation. The aim of our study was to explore the characteristics and qualities of transformation by examining 19 published memoirs of people who had gone through a transformational experience via Focusing. Two questions guided the inquiry: What kind of inner environment is necessary for transformation? What are the characteristics and qualities of transformative experiences that unfold through a Focusing-oriented process to weave together a “new kind of person?” Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of the memoirs through a new qualitative method called Felt Sense Inquiry. Results revealed five themes: expanded bodily self, attuned attention, novelty, interactive exchange, and elastic time. Results suggest a way of experiencing that does not divide, but rather connects the person to a unified felt process that unfolds on its own. Future research comparing Focusing with other practices that seem to promote transformation may reveal “common factors” of transformation.
LGBTQ+ visibility in the K–12 curriculum
Authors: Moorhead Laura
Published: September 2018

Increasingly, policy makers, educators, and school systems are embracing LGBTQ+ individuals and issues in the classroom. This fall, California’s K-12 classrooms began using LGBTQ-inclusive textbooks, and, for the last three years, a San Francisco high school has offered an LGBTQ Studies course, likely the first in the country and a pilot for others in the district. Though far from typical, these efforts — and the LGBTQ Studies course in particular — present an opportunity to see how inclusive LGBTQ+ curriculum is playing out in schools, offering guidance on how best to encourage understanding and acceptance of gender and sexuality among students.
Teaching students to question assumptions about gender and sexuality
Authors: Blackburn Mollie V. , Pennell Summer Melody
Published: September 2018

Every student in our public schools should have opportunities to learn about differences in gender and sexuality, just as they should learn about the world’s differing cultural traditions, religious practices, and political systems. Such knowledge about human differences is, the authors argue, a basic requirement for active citizenship in a diverse, pluralistic, and equitable society. A description of an LGBTQ+ literature course, taught by one of the authors, illustrates what this can look like in practice.
The place of the Iranian Revolution in the history of truth: Foucault on neoliberalism, spirituality and enlightenment
Authors: Gamez Patrick
Published: September 2018

In this article I want to argue that Foucault’s engagement with the Iranian Revolution was neither romantic fascist atavism nor does it presage any sort of transformation of his thought. Indeed, Foucault’s investigations of neoliberalism and subsequent work on spirituality, truth-telling and ethics are fully continuous with his critical genealogy of power. This is an important point, as we shall see, insofar as Foucault’s journalism on the Iranian Revolution occurs in the midst of his Collège de France lectures on biopolitics and governmentality. Foucault’s enthusiasm for the Revolution might indicate, albeit very indirectly, directions for thought that might resist neoliberalism. I will argue that Foucault was engaged in a very specific telling of the ‘history of truth’, emphasizing a partisan and agonistic form of truth-telling and transformation through struggle and ordeal, as opposed to the pacifying, neutralizing and normalizing forms of modern Western power. The ‘political spirituality’ Foucault witnessed on the streets of Tehran was a reactivation of this agonism, and– I will claim – a literal embodiment of what Foucault calls the ‘ethos of critique’.
Cost-effectiveness of the HiBalance training program for elderly with Parkinson’s disease: analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Joseph Conran , Brodin Nina , Leavy Breiffni , Hagströmer Maria , Löfgren Niklas , Franzén Erika
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To determine the cost-effectiveness of the HiBalance training program for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related balance and gait disorders.

Design:

Cost comparison design following the randomized controlled trial comparing a novel balance training intervention with care as usual.

Subjects:

A total of 100 participants with mild–moderate PD were randomized to either the intervention ( n = 51) or the control group ( n = 49).

Intervention:

A 10-week (three times per week), group-based, progressive balance training program, led by two physical therapists.

Main outcomes:

All program costs were collected for both groups. Cost-utility was evaluated using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost-effectiveness measures were the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest; assessing balance performance) and gait velocity. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted.

Results:

The between-group difference in QALYs was 0.043 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.011–0.075), favoring the intervention group. Between-group differences in balance performance and gait velocity were 2.16 points (95% CI: 1.19–3.13) and 8.2 cm/second (95% CI: 2.9–13.6), respectively, favoring the intervention group. The mean cost per participant in the intervention group was 16,222 SEK (€1649) compared to 2696 SEK (€274) for controls. The estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 314,558 SEK (€31,969) for an additional QALY, 6262 SEK (€631) for one point improvement in balance performance, and 1650 SEK (€166) for 1 cm/second increase in gait velocity. Sensitivity analyses indicated a high probability (85%) of program success.

Conclusion:

In terms of QALYs, the HiBalance program demonstrated a high probability of cost-effectiveness in the short-term perspective when considering the willingness-to-pay thresholds used in Europe.
Future Directions for Cost-effectiveness Analyses in Health and Medicine
Authors: Neumann Peter J. , Kim David D. , Trikalinos Thomas A. , Sculpher Mark J. , Salomon Joshua A. , Prosser Lisa A. , Owens Douglas K. , Meltzer David O. , Kuntz Karen M. , Krahn Murray , Feeny David , Basu Anirban , Russell Louise B. , Siegel Joanna E. , Ganiats Theodore G. , Sanders Gillian D.
Published: September 2018

Objectives. In 2016, the Second Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine updated the seminal work of the original panel from 2 decades earlier. The Second Panel had an opportunity to reflect on the evolution of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and to provide guidance for the next generation of practitioners and consumers. In this article, we present key topics for future research and policy. Methods. During the course of its deliberations, the Second Panel discussed numerous topics for advancing methods and for improving the use of CEA in decision making. We identify and consider 7 areas for which the panel believes that future research would be particularly fruitful. In each of these areas, we highlight outstanding research needs. The list is not intended as an exhaustive inventory but rather a set of key items that surfaced repeatedly in the panel’s discussions. In the online Appendix , we also list and expound briefly on 8 other important topics. Results. We highlight 7 key areas: CEA and perspectives (determining, valuing, and summarizing elements for the analysis), modeling (comparative modeling and model transparency), health outcomes (valuing temporary health and path states, as well as health effects on caregivers), costing (a cost catalogue, valuing household production, and productivity effects), evidence synthesis (developing theory on learning across studies and combining data from clinical trials and observational studies), estimating and using cost-effectiveness thresholds (empirically representing 2 broad concepts: opportunity costs and public willingness to pay), and reporting and communicating CEAs (written protocols and a quality scoring system). Conclusions. Cost-effectiveness analysis remains a flourishing and evolving field with many opportunities for research. More work is needed on many fronts to understand how best to incorporate CEA into policy and practice.
Incorporation of Endurance Limit in the Mechanistic-Empirical Flexible Perpetual Pavement Design
Authors: Hu Sheng , Lee Sang-Ick , Walubita Lubinda F. , Zhou Fujie , Scullion Tom
Published: September 2018

In recent years, there has been a push toward designing long-lasting thick hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements, commonly referred to as a perpetual pavements (PP). For these pavements, it is expected that bottom-up fatigue cracking does not occur if the strain level is below a certain limit that is called the HMA fatigue endurance limit (EL). This paper proposed a mechanistic-empirical PP design method based on this EL concept. The ELs of 12 HMA mixtures were determined using simplified viscoelastic continuum damage testing and the influential factors were comparatively investigated. It was found that HMA mixtures seem to have different EL values based on mix type and test temperatures. There is not just a single EL value that can be used for all mixtures. Thus, default EL criteria for different mixtures under different climatic conditions were developed and incorporated into the Texas Mechanistic-Empirical Flexible Pavement Design System (TxME). As a demonstration and case study, one Texas PP test section with weigh-in-motion traffic data was simulated by TxME. The corresponding TxME inputs/outputs in terms of the PP structure, material properties, traffic loading, environmental conditions, and ELs were demonstrated. The corresponding TxME modeling results were consistent with the actual observed field performance of the in-service PP section.
Northfield for ever
Authors: Hinshelwood R.D.
Published: September 2018

In this article I look at the Northfield experiments from the point of view of field theory as it was introduced by John Rickman and Wilfred Bion in 1943. The novelty of the experiments that arose has been an inspiration to the understanding of group and social dynamics ever since.
Between a Western Career and Traditional Community
Authors: Yassour-Borochowitz Dalit , Wasserman Varda
Published: September 2018

The study’s objective was to examine the relations between successful Ethiopian immigrant women in Israel and their traditional community, as well as the strategies they adopt to contend with its expectations. Based on a qualitative life and work history methodology, the data were collected from 34 successful women who emigrated from Ethiopia to Israel. Results show three dialectical axes scrutinizing the interrelations of the participants with their community (found both between different participants and within the same woman): (a) trenchant criticism of the community coupled with praise and pride, (b) community as a support base or as hindering personal development, and (c) a desire for separation/detachment from community coupled with a desire to support the community. The findings demonstrate how the Ethiopian women contend with the normative demands of two different, clashing systems: the Ethiopian community-family system and Israel’s neoliberal labor market.
Vibrations of rotating cylindrical shells with functionally graded material using wave propagation approach
Authors: Hussain Muzammal , Naeem M Nawaz , Shahzad Aamir , He Mao-Gang , Habib Siddra
Published: September 2018

Fundamental natural frequencies of rotating functionally graded cylindrical shells have been calculated through the improved wave propagation approach using three different volume fraction laws. The governing shell equations are obtained from Love’s shell approximations using improved rotating terms and the new equations are obtained in standard eigenvalue problem with wave propagation approach and volume fraction laws. The effects of circumferential wave number, rotating speed, length-to-radius, and thickness-to-radius ratios have been computed with various combinations of axial wave numbers and volume fraction law exponent on the fundamental natural frequencies of nonrotating and rotating functionally graded cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach and volume fraction laws with simply supported edge. In this work, variation of material properties of functionally graded materials is controlled by three volume fraction laws. This process creates a variation in the results of shell frequency. MATLAB programming has been used to determine shell frequencies for traveling mode (backward and forward) rotating motions. New estimations show that the rotating forward and backward simply supported fundamental natural frequencies increases with an increase in circumferential wave number, for Type I and Type II of functionally graded cylindrical shells. The presented results of backward and forward simply supported fundamental natural frequencies corresponding to Law I are higher than Laws II and III for Type I and reverse effects are found for Type II, depending on rotating speed. Our investigations show that the decreasing and increasing behaviors are noted for rotating simply supported fundamental natural frequencies with increasing length-to-radius and thickness-to-radius ratios, respectively. It is found that the fundamental frequencies of the forward waves decrease with the increase in the rotating speed, and the fundamental frequencies of the backward waves increase with the increase in the rotating speed. This investigation has been made with three different volume fraction laws of polynomial (Law I), exponential (Law II), and trigonometric (Law III). The presented numerical results of nonrotating isotropic and rotating functionally graded simply supported are in fair agreement with parts of other earlier numerical results.
Comparison of non-Hertzian modeling approaches for wheel–rail rolling contact mechanics in the switch panel of a railway turnout
Authors: Ma Xiaochuan , Wang Ping , Xu Jingmang , Chen Rong
Published: September 2018

Due to the complicated wheel–rail contact relation of railway turnouts, it is necessary to select a reasonable rolling contact model to simulate the vehicle–turnout dynamics and wheel–rail damages. This paper mainly aims to evaluate the calculation accuracy and efficiency of different non-Hertzian modeling approaches in solving normal and tangential wheel–rail contact problems of railway turnouts. Four different non-Hertzian approaches, namely CONTACT, Kik–Piotrowski, Ayasse–Chollet, and Sichani methods are compared and analyzed. The above four models are built considering the relative motion of stock/switch rails. A wheel profile called LMA contacting with stock/switch rails (head width 35 mm) of CN60-1100-1:18 turnouts is selected as the object of analysis. The normal contact problems are evaluated by the wheel–rail contact areas, shapes, and normal contact pressures. The assessment of tangential contact problems is based on the creep curves, tangential contact stresses, and distribution of the stick/slip region. In addition, a contrast analysis is performed on the calculation efficiencies of the four approaches. It is found that the normal and tangential contact results calculated based on the Sichani method coincide well with those obtained according to CONTACT, and the calculation efficiency is about 262 times that of CONTACT. The conclusions can provide some guidance to the selection of wheel–rail rolling contact approach in the simulation of vehicle–turnout dynamics and wheel–rail damages.
Guidance law to control impact angle and time based on optimality of error dynamics
Authors: Li Bin , Lin Defu , Wang Jiang , Tian Song
Published: September 2018

In this work, a new guidance law with a meaningful performance index is designed to satisfy terminal impact angle and impact time constraints based on optimal error dynamics, which can be used for salvo attacks or cooperative missions of multi-missile. The analytical solution of the proposed guidance law is a combination of trajectory shaping guidance law and an additional impact time error feedback term that is proportional to the difference between the desired and the true impact times. Trajectory shaping guidance law aims to achieve the desired terminal impact angle and zero miss distance, whereas the extra term aims to meet the desired impact time. The minimum and maximum feasible impact times that consider the seeker's field-of-view limit, terminal impact angle constraint, and missile's maneuvering acceleration limit are calculated to provide the feasible boundary range of the desired impact time. Numerical simulations of several engagement situations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law in the accuracy of terminal impact angle and impact time.
Effect of clearance height on tip leakage flow reduced by a honeycomb tip in a turbine cascade
Authors: Chen Fu , Fu Yunfeng , Yu Jianyang , Song Yanping
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the control mechanism of the honeycomb tip structure on the tip leakage flow of a turbine cascade is studied experimentally and numerically, and the sensitivity of tip leakage flow characteristics to different clearance heights from 0.5% to 2% based on the blade span are mainly discussed. A flat tip is considered as a comparative case. The results show that a part of the leakage flow enters the tip honeycomb cavity, forming small-scale vortices and mixes with the upper leakage fluid, which increases the flow resistance within the clearance. In the range of clearance height variation investigated, honeycomb tip structure can effectively reduce the leakage flow, and reduce the size and strength of the leakage vortex, so that the loss of the cascade is reduced. At a large tip clearance height, the unstable split of the vortex cores causes the vortex in the honeycomb cavities near pressure side to grow in size, so that the vortex extends further into the upper gap, where the turbulent blocking effect of the vortices on the leakage flow is increased. However, due to the vortex movement and the mixing between honeycomb vortices and the upper clearance flow, there is no obvious advantage in reducing the total loss of the cascade compared to the small tip clearance height.
Modal analysis and improvement of the frame for all-terrain vehicle
Authors: Feng Yu , Jun Xie
Published: September 2018

Frame is the bearing skeleton of the all-terrain vehicle, and its modal characteristics have a direct influence on the vibration and riding comfort of the entire vehicle. This article intends to investigate a certain domestic all-terrain vehicle whose frame is lengthened on the basis of benchmark vehicle, but this alteration leads to worse modal characteristics. Analytical method and experimental research are adopted for investigating the modal characteristics of this all-terrain vehicle frame. The response of the frame to different terrain roughness and various engine excitations is also discussed with the concluded results of modal analysis. It is found that these two factors are both likely to cause frame resonance. On the basis of the vibration pattern diagrams plotted, three improvement solutions are proposed, including adding transverse supporting beams, increasing the wall thickness of the longitudinal beam, and expanding the thickness of the rear vertical supporting beams. The modal characteristics of these three improvement schemes are also presented with analytical methods, confirming that the measures of adding transverse supporting beams and increasing the wall thickness of the longitudinal beam are feasible. Finally, the modal characteristics of the frame and the vibration of the entire vehicles are obviously improved.
Divergent trinocular vision observers design for extended Kalman filter robot state estimation
Authors: Martínez-García Edgar Alonso , Rivero-Juárez Joaquín , Torres-Méndez Luz Abril , Rodas-Osollo Jorge Enrique
Published: September 2018

Here, we report the design of two deterministic observers that exploit the capabilities of a home-made divergent trinocular visual sensor to sense depth data. The three-dimensional key points that the observers can measure are triangulated for visual odometry and estimated by an extended Kalman filter. This work deals with a four-wheel-drive mobile robot with four passive suspensions. The direct and inverse kinematic solutions are deduced and used for the updating and prediction models of the extended Kalman filter as feedback for the robot’s position controller. The state-estimation visual odometry results were compared with the robot’s dead-reckoning kinematics, and both are combined as a recursive position controller. One observer model design is based on the analytical geometric multi-view approach. The other observer model has fundamentals on multi-view lateral optical flow, which was reformulated as nonspatial–temporal and is modeled by an exponential function. This work presents the analytical deductions of the models and formulations. Experimental validation deals with five main aspects: multi-view correction, a geometric observer for range measurement, an optical flow observer for range measurement, dead-reckoning and visual odometry. Furthermore, comparison of positioning includes a four-wheel odometer, deterministic visual observers and the observer–extended Kalman filter, compared with a vision-based global reference localization system.
Distribution-free models for latent mixed population responses in a longitudinal setting with missing data
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tang Li , Kong Yuanyuan , Chen Tian , Liu Xueyan , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2018

Many biomedical and psychosocial studies involve population mixtures, which consist of multiple latent subpopulations. Because group membership cannot be observed, standard methods do not apply when differential treatment effects need to be studied across subgroups. We consider a two-group mixture in which membership of latent subgroups is determined by structural zeroes of a zero-inflated count variable and propose a new approach to model treatment differences between latent subgroups in a longitudinal setting. It has also been incorporated with the inverse probability weighted method to address data missingness. As the approach builds on the distribution-free functional response models, it requires no parametric distribution model and thereby provides a robust inference. We illustrate the approach with both real and simulated data.
Determinants of Website Usability: Empirical Evidence from Tourism Sector in India
Authors: Amar Raju G.  , Roy Souvik , Mandal Santanu
Published: September 2018

Website usability has received decent empirical attention in recent academic literature. However, there are various website characteristics that might still influence the usability of websites. In this empirical exploration, we propose three such characteristics: speed with which websites respond to customer requests (i.e., website agility); the capability of websites to restore its operations in the face of a disruption (i.e., website resilience) and the capability of websites to retain the interests of customers and keep them engaged interactively (i.e., website attractiveness) as enablers of website usability based on dynamic capability extension of resource-based view. Further, we argue that website usability will influence electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) for those websites. We also explore if there is any influence of website agility and resilience on website attractiveness. Using customers as target respondents who have used websites mainly for travel and tourism purposes, we test for the proposed relationships through collecting survey data based on face-to-face interview. Partial least squares analysis of 285 survey responses suggests website agility attractiveness and resilience to be dominant enablers for website usability and website usability positively influences e-WOM.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour for Health and Wellness Food Products in an Emerging Market
Authors: Ali Tabassum , Alam Aftab , Ali Jabir
Published: September 2018

This article aims at identifying the factors affecting the buying behaviour of the consumers for health and wellness food products in India, based on a structured primary survey of 218 respondents in the city of Lucknow, India, using the stratified random sampling technique. The survey data has been analysed using appropriate statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, factor analysis and regression analysis. The retail value of health and wellness foods in India has shown a significant annual growth of 14.3 per cent during the last decade. Consumers’ preference for health and wellness food product attributes indicate that quality and health benefits are perceived as very important and extremely important by more than 75 per cent of the respondents. Better-for-you (BFY) food products comprise the major share of 32 per cent of the health and wellness food basket of the consumer. Regression results clearly indicate that socio-demographic profile of the consumers, product attributes, market attributes and psychological factors are more likely to influence the consumers’ health and wellness food purchase decision. This study provides practical insights for the companies involved in producing and marketing health and wellness food products in terms of the increasing consumer demand for healthier food choices.
When Emotional Intensity and Cognitive Rigidity Collide: What Can Counselors and Teachers Do?
Authors: Zakreski Matthew J.
Published: September 2018

Gifted individuals have unique social and emotional needs that often manifest as challenging interpersonal behavior. Chief among these needs are the fact that gifted students tend to be quite emotionally intense and that they tend to be quite cognitively rigid. Emotional intensity is defined as having stronger, more frequent, more complex, and more lasting emotional responses than would be considered typical. Cognitive rigidity is defined as difficulty in changing mental sets. The intersection of these two traits in the gifted population makes interventions challenging, but the impact of these traits can affect a person’s personal, social, and emotional growth. There are therapeutic techniques that can allow counselors, teachers, parents, and psychologists to positively impact these limiting traits. This article examines relevant literature on the subjects above, provides a case example from the author’s mental health practice, and explores potential interventions.
Career Decision-Making With Gifted Rural Students: Considerations for School Counselors and Teachers
Authors: Seward Kristen , Gaesser Amy H.
Published: September 2018

Traditional career education activities at the secondary level consist of academic, aptitude, skills, interests, and, less often, personality assessments that assist students in narrowing viable career options. Although this strategy is reasonable, its attempt to objectify the career decision-making process does not address two important components of career decision-making—personal values and social-emotional concerns. Because gifted students possess characteristics, such as heightened sensitivity, multipotentiality, and perfectionism, that might complicate this process, appropriately differentiated career education includes these dimensions, especially during times of transition. Due to gaps in preparation and training, school counselors may feel inadequate in meeting these students’ unique social-emotional needs. For gifted rural students, career decision-making may be especially difficult as parents, school counselors, teachers, and other adults in the community encourage students to leave their small towns to realize their college and career dreams elsewhere. Rural students often experience deep connections to family and place, further complicating this developmental task of adolescence. This study highlights the voices of 19 gifted rural students as they share their thoughts and concerns regarding K-12 career education, values, and attachments to family and community. Considerations for school counselors and teachers who work in rural settings are included.
Gendered and classed performances of ‘good’ mother and academic in Greece
Authors: Tsouroufli Maria
Published: September 2018

The enduring significance of gender and how it intersects with class in the organization of parenting, domestic and professional work has been obscured in contemporary neoliberal contexts. This article examines how Greek academic women conceptualize and enact motherhood and the classed and gendered strategies they adopt to reconcile ‘good’ motherhood with notions of the ‘good’ academic professional. It draws on semi-structured interviews about the career narratives of 15 women in Greek medical schools in the aftermath of the Greek recession. The analysis presented in this article is informed by a feminist post-structuralist paradigm and an emic approach to intersectionality. Motherhood emerged in the data as a dynamic concept, and a network of practices both constrained and enabled by gendered and classed family and work cultures. Drawing on a neoliberal ‘DIY’ and ‘having it all’ discourse, Greek mothers claimed that they could achieve almost anything professionally, if they organized their private lives sensibly. They drew on idealized discourses of motherhood, but they also contradicted these notions by doing non-traditional forms of motherhood, such as remote or transnational motherhood, afforded by their privileged social positioning and academic careers. Further research is required to investigate configurations of classed motherhood in less prestigious professions.
Exploring the Channels and Impact of Debt on Economic Growth
Authors: Munir Kashif , Mehmood Nisma Riffat
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of debt on economic growth as well as the channels, that is, investment, total factor productivity (TFP), interest rate and saving channel through which debt affects economic growth in South Asian countries. The study uses growth model based on conditional convergence and augments to include debt. Panel data of four South Asian countries from 1990 to 2013 at annual frequency are utilized and fixed effect model is used for estimation. The results of the study showed that inverted U-shaped relationship exists between debt and economic growth in South Asian countries. However, the most important and significant channel through which debt affects economic growth is private and public investment as well as TFP. Reducing debt accumulation alone will not rectify the problem unless the supplementary macroeconomic policies are made sound; therefore, there is a dire need to improve macroeconomic policies, good governance and elimination of structural distortions.

JEL: C23, H6, O47
Services Outsourcing and Productivity Growth
Authors: Mukherjee Sonia
Published: September 2018

The article studies the impact of outsourcing services on the productivity growth of the Indian manufacturing firms. By the term services we mean different expenses on services incurred by the manufacturing firms, such as, advertising, marketing, research and development, consultancy, auditing, business services, knowledge-based services, technical, legal and other professional services (including information communication and technology services). With further expansion in newer services, a higher demand has come from the Indian manufacturing sector. With intensive usage of services in the manufacturing production process, the performance and the manufacturing can focus on the core competencies with outsourced and cheaper services from expert service provider. For this purpose, the firm-level data have been collected from the annual financial statements of the Centre for Monitoring of the Indian Economy’s Prowess database. The econometric results conclude that services have played a positive role in improving the productivity growth of the aggregate Indian manufacturing firms and at the disaggregated level, especially for industrial groups such as food, beverage and tobacco; textiles, gems and jewellery; transport; machinery; metal, rubber and plastic; leather and footwear; and chemicals, services have played a favourable role in boosting the productivity growth.

JEL: D24, L80, L60
Improving sustainable fashion marketing and advertising: A reflection on framing message and target audience
Authors: Guedes Biatriz , Paillard-Bardey Aurore C , Schat Anke
Published: September 2018

Fashion, as one of the largest industries in the world, causes serious social and environmental issues. Sustainable fashion aims to reduce pollution and improve working conditions in the industry. This article suggests ideas for improving advertising and better understanding consumer behavior in order to promote sustainable fashion. While there is still a lack of academic studies on consumer behavior and sustainable fashion, there is a need of the fashion industry to become more sustainable. Further work on improving sustainable fashion advertising as well as better understanding the target audience is to date necessary.