bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress and heat flux via automatic differentiation
Authors: Langer Marcel F. , Frank J. Thorben , Knoop Florian
Published: November 2023

Machine-learning potentials provide computationally efficient and accurate approximations of the Born–Oppenheimer potential energy surface. This potential determines many materials properties and simulation techniques usually require its gradients, in particular forces and stress for molecular dynamics, and heat flux for thermal transport properties. Recently developed potentials feature high body order and can include equivariant semi-local interactions through message-passing mechanisms. Due to their complex functional forms, they rely on automatic differentiation (AD), overcoming the need for manual implementations or finite-difference schemes to evaluate gradients. This study discusses how to use AD to efficiently obtain forces, stress, and heat flux for such potentials, and provides a model-independent implementation. The method is tested on the Lennard-Jones potential, and then applied to predict cohesive properties and thermal conductivity of tin selenide using an equivariant message-passing neural network potential.
Peierls plasticity of thermoelectric lead telluride assessed by local misfit energy
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Xiangyang , Liu Jian , Wan Chunlei
Published: November 2023

High brittleness observed in p-type PbTe is a significant obstacle in the commercial use of PbTe-based thermoelectric materials. An in-depth study of dislocations in PbTe is crucial due to their significant impact on material plasticity. In this work, the properties of 12[011](0 1¯ 1) edge dislocation in PbTe are investigated by using the local misfit energy of a shear model within the framework of the Peierls–Nabarro theory. By incorporating a moderate strain region size, a smooth and gradual transition of Pb–Te bonds during the shear process can be facilitated while balancing the elastic and inelastic components of the local misfit energy. The average misfit energy and the Peierls stress of the dislocation are calculated and compared with those of SrTiO3, a material that has demonstrated unexpected plasticity in its single crystal form. The findings indicate that undoped PbTe exhibits reasonably good plasticity. This work presents a theoretical approach to investigate dislocation properties in PbTe, laying the foundation for further research on the mechanical aspects of p-type dopant-induced issues in PbTe-based materials.
Corrected density functional theory and the random phase approximation: Improved accuracy at little extra cost
Authors: Graf Daniel , Thom Alex J. W.
Published: November 2023

We recently introduced an efficient methodology to perform density-corrected Hartree–Fock density functional theory [DC(HF)-DFT] calculations and an extension to it we called “corrected” HF DFT [C(HF)-DFT] [Graf and Thom, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 19 5427–5438 (2023)]. In this work, we take a further step and combine C(HF)-DFT, augmented with a straightforward orbital energy correction, with the random phase approximation (RPA). We refer to the resulting methodology as corrected HF RPA [C(HF)-RPA]. We evaluate the proposed methodology across various RPA methods: direct RPA (dRPA), RPA with an approximate exchange kernel, and RPA with second-order screened exchange. C(HF)-dRPA demonstrates very promising performance; for RPA with exchange methods, on the other hand, we often find over-corrections.
Tuning the inductance of Josephson junction arrays without SQUIDs
Authors: Kuzmin R. , Mehta N. , Grabon N. , Manucharyan V. E.
Published: November 2023

It is customary to use arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) for implementing magnetic field-tunable inductors. Here, we demonstrate an equivalent tunability in a (SQUID-free) array of single Al/AlOx/Al Josephson tunnel junctions. With the proper choice of junction geometry, a perpendicularly applied magnetic field bends along the plane of the superconductor and focuses into the tunnel barrier region due to a demagnetization effect. Consequently, the Josephson inductance can be efficiently modulated by the Fraunhofer-type supercurrent interference. The elimination of SQUIDs not only simplifies the device design and fabrication but also facilitates a denser packing of junctions, and, hence, a higher inductance per unit length. As an example, we demonstrate a transmission line, the characteristic impedance of which is field-tuned in the range of 4–8 kΩ, centered around the important value of the resistance quantum h/(2e)2≈6.5 kΩ.
Photo-crosslinking speckle patterns for large deformation measurement of hydrogels using digital image correlation
Authors: Wang Yiru , Li Rui , Lu Mengze , Fan Zhiwei , Chen Yang , Xu Yatao , Jiang Zhenyu , Sun Taolin
Published: November 2023

Hydrogels often undergo large or inhomogeneous deformation when they are used in soft electronic devices, adhesives, or biological implants. To avoid the potential risk of damage and failure in service, the mechanical response of hydrogels, especially subjected to large deformation, requires meticulous evaluation. Digital image correlation (DIC) has been increasingly employed in the mechanical tests of hydrogels due to non-contact measuring the deformation field by tracking speckle patterns motion on the specimen. However, measuring large deformation of hydrogels using DIC is challenging because the speckle patterns painted on the wet surface suffer various issues, such as bleeding when water is squeezed out, fragmentation or debonding if the stress transferred from hydrogel exceeds the strength or adhesion of painting. In this work, we developed a UV lithography-based speckle pattern preparation method to overcome these difficulties. Speckle patterns are generated by curing a polymer on the surface of hydrogels through chemical-crosslinked bonds, making them an integral part of the hydrogel surface. Experiments indicate that the speckle patterns work as reliable information carrier for DIC to measure large deformation up to strain of 580% and highly concentrated localized strain field within specimen. The speckle patterns show good durability in cyclic loading tests with peak strain up to 150%, achieving low relative deviation (<6%) of the measured deformation field in different cycles. Furthermore, our method allows the optimization of speckle patterns by controlling the shape, size, and coverage of speckles through well designed masks, which guarantees the accuracy and robustness of DIC measurement.
Recombinant VAR2CSA malaria protein-targeted exosome-mediated DACT2 gene therapy for effective glioma treatment
Authors: Xu Jiaming , Zhang Jie , Li Qifeng
Published: November 2023

A good non-viral vector is the key to the success of gene delivery and therapy; hence, modified exosomes may overcome the physiological barrier in the delivery in vivo. This study aims to design a novel non-viral vector and verify its gene delivery function in vitro and in vivo for dapper homolog 2 (DACT2) genes. In this study, amphipathicity cationic exosomes with receptor targeted function and DACT2 gene loading function were constructed by exosomes, PEG, glycidyl hexadecyl dimethylammonium chloride, and recombinant VAR2CSA malaria protein (RVP) antibody. Characterizations of RVP antibody and PEG modified cationic lipid exosome (RVP-CL) nanocomplexes were evaluated by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, FTIR, and so on. The DNA condensation ability and stability were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity in glioma cells were investigated. Furthermore, the tumor suppressive effect was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that RVP-CL had a uniform size of 100–200 nm and positive zeta potential. With high uptake efficiency, RVP-CL can rapidly target, recognize, and enter the glioma cell (KNS-42 and U118 mg) and release the gene. Moreover, RVP-CL/DACT2 can effectively inhibit the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. The modified cationic exosomes may offer a promising strategy for gene delivery in the treatment of RVP-positive gliomas or other tumors.
A novel approach to interface high-Q Fabry–Pérot resonators with photonic circuits
Authors: Cheng Haotian , Jin Naijun , Dai Zhaowei , Xiang Chao , Guo Joel , Zhou Yishu , Diddams Scott A. , Quinlan Franklyn , Bowers John , Miller Owen , Rakich Peter
Published: November 2023

The unique benefits of Fabry–Pérot resonators as frequency-stable reference cavities and as an efficient interface between atoms and photons make them an indispensable resource for emerging photonic technologies. To bring these performance benefits to next-generation communications, computation, and time-keeping systems, it will be necessary to develop strategies to integrate compact Fabry–Pérot resonators with photonic integrated circuits. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel reflection cancellation circuit that utilizes a numerically optimized multi-port polarization-splitting grating coupler to efficiently interface high-finesse Fabry–Pérot resonators with a silicon photonic circuit. This circuit interface produces a spatial separation of the incident and reflected waves, as required for on-chip Pound–Drever–Hall frequency locking, while also suppressing unwanted back reflections from the Fabry–Pérot resonator. Using inverse design principles, we design and fabricate a polarization-splitting grating coupler that achieves 55% coupling efficiency. This design realizes an insertion loss of 5.8 dB for the circuit interface and more than 9 dB of back reflection suppression, and we demonstrate the versatility of this system by using it to interface several reflective off-chip devices.
Nonunitary projective transcorrelation theory inspired by the F12 ansatz
Authors: Ten-no Seiichiro L.
Published: November 2023

An alternative nonunitary transcorrelation, inspired by the F12 ansatz, is investigated. In contrast to the Jastrow transcorrelation of Boys-Handy, the effective Hamiltonian of this projective transcorrelation features: 1. a series terminating formally at four-body interactions. 2. no spin-contamination within the non-relativistic framework. 3. simultaneous satisfaction of the singlet and triplet first-order cusp conditions. 4. arbitrary choices of pairs for correlation including frozen-core approximations. We discuss the connection between the projective transcorrelation and F12 theory with applications to small molecules, to show that the cusp conditions play an important role to reduce the uncertainty arising from the nonunitary transformation.
AMP-dependent phosphite dehydrogenase, a phosphorylating enzyme in dissimilatory phosphite oxidation
Authors: Mao Zhuqing , Fleming Jennifer R. , Mayans Olga , Frey Jasmin , Schleheck David , Schink Bernhard , Müller Nicolai
Published: November 2023

Oxidation of phosphite (HPO32−) to phosphate (HPO42−) releases electrons at a very low redox potential (E0′= −690 mV) which renders phosphite an excellent electron donor for microbial energy metabolism. To date, two pure cultures of strictly anaerobic bacteria have been isolated that run their energy metabolism on the basis of phosphite oxidation, the Gram-negativeDesulfotignum phosphitoxidans(DSM 13687) and the Gram-positivePhosphitispora fastidiosa(DSM 112739). Here, we describe the key enzyme for dissimilatory phosphite oxidation in these bacteria. The enzyme catalyzed phosphite oxidation in the presence of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP), with concomitant reduction of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The enzyme ofP. fastidiosawas heterologously expressed inEscherichia coli. It has a molecular mass of 35.2 kDa and a high affinity for phosphite and NAD+. Its activity was enhanced more than 100-fold by addition of ADP-consuming adenylate kinase (myokinase) to a maximal activity between 30 and 80 mU x mg protein−1. A similar NAD-dependent enzyme oxidizing phosphite to phosphate with concomitant phosphorylation of AMP to ADP is found inD. phosphitoxidans,but this enzyme could not be heterologously expressed. Based on sequence analysis, these phosphite-oxidizing enzymes are related to nucleotide-diphosphate-sugar epimerases and indeed represent AMP-dependent phosphite dehydrogenases (ApdA). A reaction mechanism is proposed for this unusual type of substrate-level phosphorylation reaction.
Reimagining language
Authors: Rasenberg Marlou , Amha Azeb , Coler Matt , van Koppen Marjo , van Miltenburg Emiel , de Rijk Lynn , Stommel Wyke , Dingemanse Mark
Published: November 2023

What is language and who or what can be said to have it? In this essay we consider this question in the context of
interactions with non-humans, specifically: animals and computers. While perhaps an odd pairing at first glance, here we argue
that these domains can offer contrasting perspectives through which we can explore and reimagine language. The interactions between humans and animals, as well as between humans and computers, reveal both the essence and the boundaries of language: from examining the role of sequence and
contingency in human-animal interaction, to unravelling the challenges of natural interactions with “smart” speakers and language
models. By bringing together disparate fields around foundational questions, we push the boundaries of linguistic inquiry
and uncover new insights into what language is and how it functions in diverse non-human-exclusive contexts.
Status and Prospects of Exotic Hadrons at Belle II
Authors: Jia 贾 Sen 森 , Xiong 熊 Weitao 玮韬 , Shen 沈 Chengping 成平
Published: November 2023

In the past 20 years, many new hadrons that are difficult to explain within the conventional quark model have been discovered in the quarkonium region; these are called exotic hadrons. The Belle II experiment, as the next-generation B factory, provides a good platform for exploring them. The charmonium-like states can be produced at Belle II in several ways, such as B meson decays, initial-state radiation processes, two-photon collisions and double charmonium production. Bottomonium-like states can be produced directly in e
+
e
− colliding energies at Belle II with low continuum backgrounds. Belle II plans to perform a high-statistics energy scan from the

B

B
¯

threshold up to the highest possible energy of 11.24 GeV to search for new Yb
states with J
PC = 1−−, Xb
[the bottom counterpart of χ

c1(3872), also known as X(3872)] and partners of Zb
states. We give a mini-review on the status and prospects of exotic hadrons at Belle II.
Dosimetric characterization of double network Fricke hydrogel based on PVA-GTA and phenylalanine peptide derivative
Authors: Gallo Salvatore , Locarno Silvia , Brambilla Elisa , Lenardi Cristina , Pignoli Emanuele , Veronese Ivan
Published: November 2023

A double network hydrogel based on Poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GTA) was recently developed by using self-assembling phenylalanine (Phe) peptide derivative (Fmoc-Phe-Phe-OMe), with the aim to improve the mechanical-elastic properties of PVA-GTA hydrogels. In this study, a characterization of the properties of Xylenol Orange based Fricke gel dosimeters obtained by infusing a Fricke solution into the double network hydrogel was performed. The gel dosimeters were irradiated with 6 MV and 15 MV X-rays produced by a medical linear accelerator and investigated by means optical absorbance measurements. The double network hydrogel formulation maintained a satisfactory level of radiological water-equivalence within the investigated radiotherapy range. Fricke gel dosimeters prepared with such network kept the desired properties of independence of the response of the dose rate and energy in the investigated intervals. Furthermore, the addition of self-assembling Phe peptide derivative proved not avoid the motion of radio-inducted ferric ions into the hydrogel, probably maintaining the main characteristics of the standard, no Phe peptide infused, formulation. The time course of formation of the optical response after the irradiation was observed to be similar to what previously measured in traditional PVA-GTA Fricke gel dosimeters, while a decrease of the sensitivity to radiation dose of the order of 30% was found. The extent of the decrease does not seem such as to impair the use of these dosimeters for evaluation of doses typical of radiation therapy applications. The overall dosimetric properties, coupled with the mechanical-elastic characteristics of the double network hydrogel, pave theway to the development of phantoms able both to mimic the deformation of organs possibly occurring during radiotherapy treatments and at the same time to assess the 3D dose distribution within such volumes.
Giant quantum oscillations of acoustoelectric current in narrow graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Margulis Vl A , Muryumin E E
Published: November 2023

A theory is presented for the acoustoelectric (AE) effect in narrow graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) deposited on a piezoelectric substrate when a surface acoustic wave (SAW) is launched onto the surface of the piezoelectric. It is assumed that the electron density in such GNRs can be controlled by applying an external gate voltage, and the acoustic wavelength is much smaller than the mean free path of electrons, so that the quantum mode of interaction of those electrons with the SAW in realized. Using the kinetic theory approach, we calculate the AE current flowing through the GNR sample and arising as a result of momentum transfer from coherent SAW phonons to conduction electrons. It is shown that size quantization of the electron energy spectrum in narrow GNRs leads to giant periodic oscillations of the AE current with a change in the gate voltage. AE current surges occur whenever the Fermi level, rising with increasing gate voltage, crosses in turn the bottom of each of the successive size-quantized electron energy subbands. The oscillations predicted are giant in the sense that the maximum values of the current exceed its minimum values by at least an order of magnitude, and they can be observed in narrow GNRs

∼

10

nm wide even at room temperature.
Experimental and numerical characterization of timing jitter for short electron beams in a linear photo-injector
Authors: Giannetti G , Anania M P , Bellaveglia M , Chiadroni E , Cianchi A , Del Dotto A , Galletti M , Gallo A , Giribono A , Piersanti L , Pompili R , Romeo S , Serenellini B , Tocci S , Vaccarezza C , Villa F , Ferrario M
Published: November 2023

In modern particle accelerators involving short (few hundreds of fs or less) photon and particle beams, a crucial requirement is the arrival timing jitter and its modeling, taking into account different noise sources. This paper considers the arrival timing jitter of an electron beam measured at the SPARC_LAB photo-injector test facility (INFN-LNF, Frascati) and studies how the different jitter sources impact on the beam arrival time, considering three velocity bunching machine working points (WPs). This study includes the development of a first order mathematical model that describes the jitter contributions, the PIC code simulations for the machine WP description and experimental data acquired in a dedicated run at SPARC_LAB to benchmark both the proposed model and simulations.
Arctic-boreal lakes of interior Alaska dominated by contemporary carbon
Authors: Garcia-Tigreros Fenix , Elder Clayton D , Kurek Martin R , Miller Benjamin L , Xu Xiaomei , Wickland Kimberly P , Czimczik Claudia I , Dornblaser Mark M , Striegl Robert G , Kyzivat Ethan D , Smith Laurence C , Spencer Robert G M , Miller Charles E , Butman David E
Published: November 2023

Northern high-latitude lakes are critical sites for carbon processing and serve as potential conduits for the emission of permafrost-derived carbon and greenhouse gases. However, the fate and emission pathways of permafrost carbon in these systems remain uncertain. Here, we used the natural abundance of radiocarbon to identify and trace the predominant sources of methane, carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in nine lakes within the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge in interior Alaska, a discontinuous permafrost region with high landscape heterogeneity and susceptibility to climate, permafrost, and hydrological changes. We find that although Yukon Flats lakes primarily process young carbon (modern to 1290 ± 60 years before present), permafrost-derived carbon is present in some of the sampled lakes and contributes, at most, 30 ± 10% of the dissolved carbon in lake surface waters. Apportionment of young carbon and legacy carbon (carbon with radiocarbon age ⩾5000 years before present) is decoupled among the dissolved inorganic and organic carbon species, with methane showing a stronger legacy signature. Our observations suggest that permafrost-thaw-related transport of carbon through Yukon Flats lacustrine ecosystems and into the atmosphere is small, and likely regulated by surficial sediments, permafrost distribution, wildfire occurrence, or masked by contemporary carbon processes. The heterogeneity of lakes across our study area and northern landscapes more broadly cautions against using any one region (e.g. Yedoma permafrost lakes) to upscale their contribution across the pan-Arctic.
Justification of an acceptable modern energy-efficient method of obtaining sodium silicate for production in Kazakhstan
Authors: Yelemessov K K , Baskanbayeva D D , Sabirova L B , Akhmetova Sh D
Published: November 2023

Sodium silicate is used in various industries. Sodium silicate is a basic component in the production of silicate adhesives and paints, silica gel, welding electrodes, corrugated packaging, and geopolymer concretes and cements. All this is currently not produced in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article discusses the methods of production of sodium silicate and substantiates the possibility of organizing production in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors have studied all the available experience in the production of sodium silicate, both now and in the past. At this stage of the research, an analysis was made of the experience in the production of serial and pilot sodium silicate in the USSR in the past and in countries where development has not been suspended at the present time. All possible sources of raw materials of technogenic and natural origin were studied. Business trips and expeditions to natural deposits were carried out and samples of raw materials from various natural and man-made sources were delivered. Studies have been carried out to determine the available volumes of raw materials. Various technologies for melting sodium silicate have been studied, incl. by unconventional schemes, such as smelting in cyclone furnaces. For melting in electric furnaces, various schemes of energy-saving methods for melting sodium silicate were analyzed. Promising ones have been identified. The following types of sodium silicate production were analyzed in the study: traditional smelting (carbonate method), wet method, sodium chloride sublimation method, sulfate method, cullet smelting. The optimal variant has been chosen, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of electricity by several times when introducing a highly efficient innovative technology of electric melting into practice.
Sustainable performance of alkali-activated blast furnace cement concrete with high freeze-thaw resistance
Authors: Krivenko P , Rudenko I , Konstantynovskyi O , Razsamakin A
Published: November 2023

The application of blast furnace cements with minor clinker constituent is an actual task due to their conformity with modern tendencies of sustainable development. The alkali metal compounds were proposed to increase activity of CEM III/C. The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of technological factors on porous structure of alkali-activated blast furnace cement concrete (further, AABFC concrete) to ensure its sustainable performance by criterium of freeze-thaw resistance in NaCl solution. The effects of fresh concrete consistency, aggregate state of alkaline component and curing conditions on sustainability of AABFC concrete were investigated. Increasing of fresh concrete consistency from class S1 up to class S4 due to chemical plasticization as well as application of alkaline component in dry form, in contrast to liquid form, ensures negative changes in porous structure of AABFC concrete. These changes cause decreasing of freeze-thaw resistance from mark F500 down to F200. It was revealed that hardening of plasticized AABFC concrete under normal conditions (t = 20±2 ° C, RH = 95±5%), compared with hardening in water or under steam curing (t = 85±5 ° C), ensures more effective porous structure which causes maintained freeze-thaw resistance of F300 in contrast to F200 and F250 agreeable.
Design and researching of biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials modified by humic acid
Authors: Lebedeva K O , Cherkashina A M , Tykhomyrova T S , Savchenko D O , Lebedev V V
Published: November 2023

Biologically active polymer hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin, sodium alginate, modified by humic acids, were designed and researched. Literature review was carried out and it was proved that humic acids using is perspective for the functional effect on the biologically active polymer hydrogel transdermal properties. It has been found that effective processes for receiving biologically active polymer hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium alginate can be carried out in different humic acids concentration while achieving an effective increase in hydrogel polymers structuring processes. It can be seen efficiently increasing biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate conditional viscosity and the specific electrical conductivity with an increase of humic acids content: from 114 to 135 sec and from 2350 to 2850 mkS/cm, respectively. Humic acids modification in biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate caused structure formation with high density, and resistance and with larger agglomerates in hydrogels. It was found that the gelatin-based biopolymer hydrogels modification by humic acids makes it possible to receive biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials with higher swelling degree. It is shown that the application of new biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate modified by humic acids allows improving the skin moisture-lipid balance. From the initial values of 34-36% moisture and 8-10 skin fat, they increase to 58-66% and 52-60%. So, designed polymer hydrogel based on gelatin, sodium alginate, modified by humic acids, are transdermal materials with good properties.
Biocenotic influence of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) in the Azov-Black sea region of Ukraine
Authors: Sydorenko A
Published: November 2023

The great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) is a bird species that, due to the peculiarities of its biology, can significantly affect the natural environment. First of all, due to the fact that the species is an obligate ichthyophage and feeds exclusively on fish (causing, in some places, quite significant damage to both the fishery and the natural fish resources of the seas), a large amount of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds accumulates in its feces. Because of this, the caustic excrements of cormorants have a detrimental effect on herbaceous and woody vegetation in the colonies of this species, near them, as well as in the resting places of the birds. Considering the fact that the nesting colonies of the great cormorant can be quite numerous, reaching tens of thousands of nests (such as the settlement on the Obytichna spit in the Berdyansk district of the Zaporizhzhia region), the impact is observed to be very significant. At the same time, tree vegetation suffers from mechanical damage during the construction of nests, and trees die after 2-3 years. Another type of influence of cormorants is their interaction with other bird species in nesting areas. The high number of cormorants leads to a reduction in the number of some other bird species, the impoverishment of nesting bird complexes (herons, terns); in the conditions of a shortage of nesting sites on the islands, only (Larus cachinnans can nest together with the great cormorant (with its high number). We observed a similar situation in most nesting settlements of the species.
Biodiversity assessment of the Danube region as a tool for the development of protected areas in the region
Authors: Vynokurova S , Yakovliev M , Voloshkevich O , Haidash O , Demchenko V
Published: November 2023

The paper uses the method of geospatial biodiversity assessment in the Danube region based on an expert evaluation of the distribution of species richness of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The 10-point grading scale was used to evaluate the number of species in 200 sample plots of the study region. Points from 1 to 10 were separately calculated for the species in each taxonomic group. The analysis showed a close relationship between the Lower Danube floodplain and the small steppe river basins, which together make up a single natural region. A practical testing of the geospatial assessment of the species richness was done for the first time in the Danube region. An important applied result of the research is the opportunity to assess missing elements in the environmental network of the region. This approach will justify the need to designate various types of protected areas, both at the national level (natural reserves) and at the international level (the Emerald network sites and wetlands). The areas could further be used to develop a unified ecological framework, thus contributing to the protection of rare and endangered species of the region.
Impact of mini-hydropower on the chemical composition of water and phytoplankton of the reservoirs of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Mytiai I S , Khomych V V , Degtyarenko E V , Shevchenko P H , Martiusheva O O
Published: November 2023

The peculiarities of the transformation of river ecosystems in the reservoir at the construction of mini-hydropower plants have been found out. It was also found that the large-scale hydraulic engineering in the second half of the XX century caused significant changes in environmental conditions in the waterbodies, which has led to negative dynamics of species richness of aquatic organisms in general and phytoplankton in particular. Reservoir building has a significant negative impact on river ecosystems: currents slow down and disappear, canals become silted up, harmful substances of household and industrial waste gradually accumulate. The transformation of rivers into lake-type reservoirs is also accompanied by changes in the species composition and structure of phytoplankton. Eutrophication of reservoirs becomes typical. All this leads to significant degradation in aquatic ecosystems.
Research on the application of on-board energy storage on an electric locomotive for quarry railway transport
Authors: Kondratieva L Yu , Overianova L V , Riabov Ie S , Yeritsyan B Kh , Goolak S O
Published: November 2023

Methods of using on-board energy storage system on rolling stock are considered. Their use ensures a reduction in energy consumption and reduces the impact on the environment. Concepts of managing energy flows in the traction system of an electric rolling stock equipped with onboard energy storage systems are considered. It is proposed to apply the concept of control on an electric locomotive for quarry railway transport, which consists in reducing the current consumption from the traction network during the acceleration of the rolling stock and compensating the power during movement with the lowest voltage on the current receiver. For the selected control concept, a simulation of the train movement on the test section was carried out while varying the value of the limit current consumed by the electric locomotive from the traction network. The power of the energy storage device and its working energy capacity is determined. Based on the results of the study, it is justified to limit the current consumed by the electric locomotive of the traction network at the level of 600 A.
Electricity consumption simulation using random coefficient periodic autoregressive model
Authors: Scherbak L M , Fryz M Ye , Hotovych V A
Published: November 2023

The concept of a continuous-time conditional linear random process involves a random kernel being integrated stochastically by a process with independent increments, which is often called a “generative process”. In cases where the “generative process” is Poisson, the resulting model represents an investigated signal as a sum of numerous stochastically dependent random impulses each of which occurs according to some inhomogeneous Poisson arrival process. This model can be applied to represent various processes related to energy consumption, such as electricity loads of electrical power systems, gas and water consumption, and other energy resources, while also considering the signals’ cyclostationarity, which is usually caused by the rhythmic nature of consumer behaviour. A member of the discretetime conditional linear cyclostationary random processes class is the random coefficient periodic autoregressive (RCPAR) model, which is appropriate for use in energy informatics, including estimation, forecasting, and computer simulation purposes. The primary objective of the paper is to establish a procedure for simulating the hourly electricity consumption of small and medium-sized enterprises using the RCPAR model, which has periodic parameters and creates cyclostationary properties while also accounting for the investigated process conditional heteroscedasticity. The statistical estimation step of the proposed procedure uses the general methodology for estimating the parameters of the RCPAR model and the methods of statistical analysis of cyclostationary signals. This step is used to identify the simulation characteristics. The simulation step is based on the methods of cyclostationary white noise generation and its transformation by a digital linear filter with random parameters. The last ones are obtained using the Gaussian random vectors computer simulation methods, taking into account the cyclostaionarity property.
SWOT analysis of electric transport and V2G implementation for power system sustainable development in the terms of Ukraine
Authors: Kostenko G P , Zgurovets O V , Tovstenko M M
Published: November 2023

An analysis was carried out to examine the prospects for the integration of smart charging technologies, such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), into the power system in Ukraine. The country is experiencing a growing concern regarding greenhouse gas emissions. The transport sector in Ukraine is one of the most energy-intensive sectors of the economy and contributes significantly to environmental degradation. The use of internal combustion engines in transport also increases the country’s dependence on imported fuel due to the high demand for petroleum products. The integration of electric transport and smart charging technologies, particularly V2G, is seen as a critical solution with immense potential to mitigate climate change. V2G technology is becoming increasingly relevant as the world transitions towards a more sustainable energy future. V2G refers to the bi-directional flow of energy between electric vehicles (EVs) and the grid. With V2G, EVs can not only consume energy from the grid but also supply energy back to the grid during peak demand periods, helping to stabilize the grid and increase its resilience. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a stable policy to promote these technologies and compare the features of the policy of integrating electric vehicles and the energy system in Ukraine. A qualitative strategic planning methodology, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis, was used to evaluate the diverse measures and initiatives related to electric transport development and infrastructure while integrating them into the power system. This analysis identified problems associated with the impact of EV charging on the power system, such as the inability to provide increased energy needs or limiting the EV charging infrastructure load. However, a high percentage of renewable energy sources, increased social awareness of climate change, and reduced prices of electric vehicles could provide the necessary opportunities for developing electric transport in Ukraine.
Line electrical transmission damage identification tool in distributors electrical networks
Authors: Zaitsev I O , Blinov I V , Bereznychenko V O , Zakusilo S A
Published: November 2023

In the paper showing that one of the main way for Ukraine electric power industry evolution is electric power networks and systems improvement and construction considering Smart Grid concept. The main idea of Smart grid is the reliable, energy-efficient and high-quality energy supply system. To implement the idea, it is necessary to create a high-performance information and computing infrastructure. The main components of Smart Grid is emergency mode diagnostics and damage monitoring. Providing fault diagnostics and fault monitoring can improve the power supply reliability and quality to consumers. So, the task of quickly and accurately determining the place of damage is important. In the article showing that emergency detection tools in sections of both cable and overhead electrical networks it’s a way to improve efficiency of the networks. The diagram of the placement of damage indicators on the section of the electrical distribution network is presented, which allows determining the direction of the search for the location of the damage. A comparative analysis of measuring current transformers of optical and electromagnetic type was carried out. It is shown that a significant number of advantages of optical measuring current transformers, which can be used in damage indicators, can be provided by measuring current transformers of the electromagnetic type. Creating fault indicator based on the Smart Grid concept lets do to reduce searching time for the cause and location of an emergency situation to a minimum. In this concept application fault indicator in energy grid ensure it connection to operating overhead and cable lines without removing voltage by connecting the output of the secondary winding of the measuring current transformer of the detachable design to the measuring converters directly placed near the current measuring transformers with the help of a mechanical spring fastener. A block diagram of a specialized information-measuring system with a damage indicator was created, taking into account the requirements of the Smart Grid concept, which allows to reduce the time of searching for the cause to a minimum.
Assessment and improvement of digital resilience in the energy crisis caused by missile strikes
Authors: Zubok V
Published: November 2023

The relentless penetration of information and communication systems into all spheres of life and the widespread use of digital technologies has been called “digital transformation”. Different systems demonstrate a different ability to effectively resist risks of any origin and nature, adapt to changes in the environment, maintain rapid recovery and return to maximally stable functioning. Such properties are generally called resilience. If these properties are acquired or enhanced through the use, application and development of digital technologies, we call them digital resilience. To analyze digital resilience, it is suggested to consider digital subscribers, digital needs, digital tools and their dependencies. Practical examples of such dependencies are given, which are formed under the influence of systematic missile attacks of the aggressor on the power energy system of Ukraine. The foundation was laid for a combined digital resilience assessment methodology that includes a metric approach and the theory of topological spaces.
Study of the impact of the open pit productivity on the economic indicators of mining development
Authors: Hryhoriev Y , Lutsenko S , Kuttybayev A , Ermekkali A , Shamrai V
Published: November 2023

The article studied the issue of improving the scientific and methodological base in the field of design and planning of open-pit mining by developing new and adjusting existing methods for determining the ore productivity of an open-pit, which should take into account the interconnection between the mining schedule and the productivity of an open-pit for ore, based on the condition for ensuring the standard volume of finished to the extraction of reserves. When choosing the production of an open-pit for ore, it is necessary to take into account the impact of the interconnection between the schedule of mining and production, based on the conditions of regulatory regulation of the volume of mining for the excavation of reserves, on the cost of ore mining and concentrate production. With an increase in ore productivity, the cost of ore mining, as well as the cost of production of concentrate reduction. At the same time, the very possible productivity of the open-pit for especially minerals is achieved, the economic efficiency of the development of deposits is achieved with the chosen direction of the open-pit. A decrease in productivity for a common mineral by 20 and 40% entails a decrease in profit from the development of the deposit by 10 and 20%, respectively. It has been determined that an increase in the slope angle of the working side of the open-pit significantly reduces the economic efficiency of the development of the deposit due to the fact that the operation of the open -pit with a large slope angle entails not only a decrease in the current stripping ratios as a result of an improvement in the mining schedule, but also a decrease in ore productivity, which reduces the present value of marketable products due to an increase in the period of development of the deposit. The results of the studies performed can be used by design organizations and mining enterprises in determining the ore productivity of an open-pit.
Study of hydroerosion process parameters of zeolite-smectite tuffs and underlying rock
Authors: Malanchuk Z R , Ya Korniyenko V , Zaiets V V , Yu Vasylchuk O , Kucheruk M O , Semeniuk V V
Published: November 2023

The paper considers the expediency of complex processing of zeolite-smectite tuffs using the method of borehole hydro-mining. The basic information about deposits of zeolite-smectite tuffs in the Rivne-Volyn region of Ukraine and the main areas of their application in industry are presented. Also, the method of calculating the parameters of the process of hydraulic erosion of tuffs and underlying rocks by the method of borehole hydro-mining is given, and the dependence of the specific consumption of the working agent during erosion of tuffs and underlying rocks on the diameter of the nozzle at variable pressure is presented. The dependences for determining the rational forms of recess chambers with the specified erosion radius are given.
Integrated research into the stress-strain state anomalies, formed and developed in the mass under conditions of high advance velocities of stope faces
Authors: Bondarenko V I , Kovalevska I A , Symanovych H A , Sachko R M , Sheka I V
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the ways of solving the resource-saving direction of the strategy for the mining industry development in Ukraine. The existing ideas about the patterns of changing stress-strain state (SSS) in the mass during the stope mining of minerals are analyzed. The problem of the host rock SSS formation and development is studied. The main directions of studying the relationship between the parameters of mass SSS anomalies in the area of stope operations and their technological parameters has been substantiated with the selection of a methodology for conducting multivariate computational experiments. A macromodel has been constructed to calculate the change in the distribution fields of the rock mass SSS components with subsequent substantiation of its idealizations. The principles of matching the macromodel and the subordinate models have been studied. A new methodical approach is proposed for taking into account the time technological parameters (average daily face advance velocity and the duration of its stoppage) through their relationship with the mechanical characteristics of the rocks. A test assessment of the adequacy of the performed calculations based on the spatial model SSS analysis for all stress components has been conducted. The degree of influence of the stope face advance velocity and the mass texture on the parameters of rock pressure anomalies has been studied, as well as the linking patterns in the area of conducting stope operations have been obtained: frontal and lateral bearing pressure zones and a zone of destressing behind the stope face. A base has been created for studying and predicting the rock pressure manifestations in critical areas in order to develop recommendations for choosing rational technological and design parameters for high-rate mining of coal seams.
Identification of resistance torque on the roller cone bit in the drill rod rotation drive
Authors: Khilov V S
Published: November 2023

There is a problem of increasing the durability of the roller cone bit of the drilling rigs used in the quarries of Ukraine. One of the effective ways to solve it is to apply the control method of maintaining a constant flow of mechanical power in the bottom hole zone. The implementation of such a control method leads to the necessity of controlling and limiting the resistance torque on the roller cone bit. To solve the problem of determining the resistance torque, we used methods of parameter identification: the Luenberger observation device with adaptation to external influences; estimation of the resistance torque using an extended observation object; the theory of regulators adapting to perturbations. It has been established that the most rational method of identifying the resistance torque on a roller cone bit is an astatic monitoring device, which allows to implement a method of controlling the rotation of the drill rod by a drive mechanism that maintains a constant flow of mechanical energy through the roller cone bit and increases the durability of the roller cone bit.