bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Research Coproduction in Uganda Comment on "Research Coproduction: An Underused Pathway to Impact"
Authors: Musoke David , Nakalawa Suzan , Brown Michael Obeng , Lubega Grace Biyinzika , Gibson Linda
Published: November 2024

This commentary reflects on the principles of research coproduction discussed by Rycroft-Malone et al through our experiences in Uganda, particularly within the partnership between Nottingham Trent University (UK) and Makerere University (Uganda). The commentary highlights the coproduction process we have employed in community health projects in Wakiso district, Uganda, by examining both the opportunities and challenges inherent in this collaborative approach. We further highlight the importance of continuous stakeholder engagement, contextspecific communication, and power-sharing, demonstrating how research coproduction can decolonize research methodologies and enhance the relevance and impact of health interventions. By recognising the inequities between North-South partnerships, this commentary contributes to the discourse on how research coproduction can practically be implemented to drive meaningful, community-centred change while addressing the complexities involved. The lessons drawn from our experiences offer a pathway for other global partnerships aiming to integrate the principles of research coproduction into their work.
Governing Political Realities in NCD Agenda Setting in LMICS: a Case of the Carrot and the Stick?; Comment on "National Public Health Surveillance of Corporations in Key Unhealthy Commodity Industries: a Scoping Review and Framework Synthesis"
Authors: Delobelle Peter A.
Published: November 2024

In their scoping review Bennett et al. present a summary framework for public health surveillance of unhealthy commodity industries (UCI) that impact human health, which is important in view of the rising burden of non-communicable diseases, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The authors focus on the tobacco, alcohol and food and beverage industry and discuss who should ‘own’ the process; where in the public sector administration the responsibility should lie; and how and which practices or organizations to monitor. They also argue that the monitoring should transition from academia and civil society to (sub)-national governments because of their central role in the protection of public health. This commentary argues that the challenges related to NCD policymaking in LMICs should be viewed from within a political economy perspective and that support for UCI monitoring has to be bolstered by independent accountability mechanisms and rights-based advocacy at national and global level.
A Bosadi-Pentecostal Approach to Earth Care in Gauteng Township Contexts
Authors: Mkhondo Mzondi Abraham Modisa
Published: November 2024

This article contends that addressing environmental concerns in the South African context requires acknowledgment of the intertwined issues of land grabbing, littering, illegal dumping, and inadequate service delivery. It suggests that Pentecostals, as members of diverse communities, should shift their focus from spiritual matters to initiatives aimed at caring for the earth. Therefore, the article delves into Mogale City and Rand West City Local Municipality in South Africa as a case study, illustrating their contribution to the ongoing environmental degradation. The increasing incidence of land grabbing in these areas poses a threat to the pollution of the Wonderfontein spruit/stream, which flows from Kagiso through the townships of Swanieville 1, extensions 2 and 3, and continues east of Mohlakeng township to the west of Bekkersdal township. Inadequate service delivery has resulted in a backlog of waste removal, leading to concerning levels of littering and illegal dumping in both municipalities.
Memory's Significance in the Formation of Ethnic Identity: A Case Study of Deported Meskhetians Residing in the Samtskhe–Javakheti Region
Authors: Tsereteli Manana
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the role of memory in shaping ethnic identity among deported Meskhetians residing in Georgia's Samtskhe-Javakheti region. Through interviews and analysis, it explores how personal, collective, and historical narratives of the 1944 deportation and origins impact contemporary identity formations. Differences emerge between scholarly perspectives attributing Meskhetian roots to ancient Georgian tribes versus Turkish peoples. Despite varied origin narratives, the shared trauma of deportation serves as a collective touchstone passed down through storytelling and post-memory. Collective trauma is transmitted across generations through stories and shapes the identity of those who did not directly live through the traumatic events themselves. It is an imaginative, creative memory defined by distance from the original events. The paper situates these multifaceted memories and identities within theoretical frameworks on cultural trauma, narrative construction of history, and the complexity of lived versus recorded pasts.
Несахарный диабет: современный взгляд на проблему
Authors: Э.М. Солтаханов , Н.Х. Омарова , К.Г. Камалов , П.А. Омарова , К.Р. Акмурзаева , Л.О. Солтаханова , А.Ч. Арсланбекова
Published: November 2024

Цель: изучить проблемы диагностики и лечения центрального и нефрогенного несахарного диабета. Материал и методы. Проведен анализ научных и обзорных статей, монографий с акцентом на актуальные проблемы, встречаемые в ходе диагностики и лечения различных форм несахарного диабета. Результаты. Выделены и описаны характерные особенности протекания несахарного и нефрогенного диабета, учитывая схожесть клинической картины, проведен анализ совершенно разных подходов в диагностике и лечении данных заболеваний. Приведены некоторые причины развития и диагностические критерии данной патологии. Кратко изложен механизм действия вазопрессина. Заключение. В связи с тяжестью течения заболевания, лечение несахарного диабета, в частности нефрогенного, остается сложной задачей пути решения которого до конца не изучены.

Objective to study the problems of diagnosis and treatment of central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Materials and methods The analysis of scientific and review articles, monographs with an emphasis on current problems encountered during the diagnosis and treatment of various forms of diabetes insipidus is carried out. Results: The characteristic features of the course of diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes have been identified and described, taking into account the similarity of the clinical picture, an analysis of completely different approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases has been carried out. Some causes of development and diagnostic criteria for this pathology are given. The mechanism of action of vasopressin is outlined. Conclusion. Due to the severity of the course of the disease, the treatment of diabetes insipidus, in particular, nephrogenic, remains a difficult task, the solutions to which are not fully understood.
Clinical and laboratory studies the effect of chronic pneumonia on the state of the upper respiratory tract in children
Authors: G.A. Gadzhimirzaev , R.G. Gadzhimirzaeva
Published: November 2024

Objective: to investigate the state of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in children suffering from nonspecific chronic pneumonia without clinical and medical history of the presence of associated chronic inflammatory processes on the part of the nasopharynx, and based on the results obtained, assess the nature of the effect of the chronic bronchopulmonary process on the condition URT. Material and methods. 45 children from 5 to 16 years old with chronic non-specific pneumonia were examined. We studied the endoscopic picture of the nasal cavity and bronchi, the motor activity of the ciliated epithelium of the nasal cavity, the pH of the nasal secretion, and the concentration of secretory immunoglobulins A and G class in the nasal secretion. The treatment consisted of sanitation bronchoscopy and the appointment of medications and physiotherapeutic agents in relation to the pathology of the bronchopulmonary apparatus. Results. Our studies and their interpretation showed that chronic pneumonia has an adverse effect on the state of the URT. This effect is realized through the reflex effect of the pathological process of the bronchopulmonary system on the initial section of the respiratory system. As a result of pathological reflection in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, vasomotor and secretory disorders occur, which are clinically manifested in the form of edematous, stagnant phenomena, as well as increased secretion, a change in the color of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and a violation of a number of indicators of its functional state. Conclusion. Children with chronic nonspecific pneumonia registered at the pulmonary clinic should also be observed by URT specialists in order to timely detect the transition of the subclinical stage of the disease to the clinical and adequate treatment with the pulmonologist.
Haplogroup R1a-M198 in Turkic-speaking populations of the North Caucasus
Authors: M.A. Dzhaubermezov , N.V. Ekomasova , S.S. Litvinov , L.R. Gabidullina , E.K. Khusnutdinova
Published: November 2024

Objective: to study the genetic structure and diversity of gene pools of populations of the North Caucasus based on the variability of the haplogroup R1a-M198 of the Y chromosome. Material and methods. The analysis of the genetic diversity of the Caucasian populations was carried out according to the results of the variability of the haplogroup R1a-M198 of the Y chromosome. Results. Based on the results of genotyping, it was revealed that the haplogroup R1a-Z2123 is the major haplo group in the Turkic-speaking populations of the Central and Western regions of the North Caucasus, while it turned out to be uncharacteristic for the Turkic-speaking populations of Dagestan and the Kuban Nogai. We conducted an analysis of the frequency distribution of the branches of the haplogroup R1a-M198 of the Y chromosome in the Balkarian population, taking into account their belonging to different subethnic groups (Baksans, Chegemians, Kholamets, Bezengi, Malkars). Conclusion. The subethnic groups of Bezengis and Kholamets are characterized by the lowest frequency of lines of the haplogroup R1a-M198, and in the subpopulation of cholama, only haplogroup R1a-Z2123 is detected.
Relative risk of death from heart attack myocardium of the female population of ecological zones of the Republic Dagestan
Authors: SS. Ibragimova , UA. Magomedov
Published: November 2024

Objective: analysis of the relative risk (RR) of death from myocardial infarction (MI) among women of ecological zones of the Republic of Dagestan (RD). Materials and methods: Epidemiological study of all cases of death from MI among women of RD for 2002-2011 was held taking into account the place of residence Results: An analysis of the RR of mortality in the high-altitude zones indicates that the foothills and mountains of the Republic of Dagestan are areas of increased risk of death from MI among female population, however, in the plain the similar indicator is insignificantly lower.The highest mortality rate from MI among women was registered in the south of the mountain ecological zone (9.1 cases per 100,000 female population) with RR 1.4.These data can be considered as evidence of the effect on the risk of death from myocardial infarction among the female population of a sharply continental climate in the south of the mountains, characterized by high-altitude hypoxia, affecting the oxygen supply processes of the myocardium. Conclusion: The territory of increased relative risk death from myocardial infarction among the female population of rural areas is the high-mountainous regions of the southern mountains of the Republic of Dagestan.
Venous thromboembolic complications in stroke patients: prevention problems
Authors: AA. Abusuev , DA. Zeynalova , MN. Mustafaeva , A. Aselderova
Published: November 2024

Objective: Clinical assessment of the efficacy and safety of the use of the Protocol for the prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Complications (VTEC), including the use of standard doses of anticoagulants and elastic compression of the lower extremities. Materials and methods: A prospective analysis of 86 cases of stroke was performed. Depending on the amount of preventive measures of VTEC, patients were divided into two groups.In the first group (n 42), non-drug methods were used: compression knitwear, patients turns in bed every 2 hours, passive gymnastics and massage of paralyzed limbs, in the second group (n 44), non-pharmacological prophylaxis was supplemented with nadroparin. Results: Patients with acute stroke are at high risk of VTEC, and in almost all cases deep vein thrombosis of the lower leg was not accompanied by clinical symptoms and was diagnosed only during the ultrasound examination.The protocol for the prevention of VTEC is effective and safe in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. During prophylaxis by the Protocol the frequency of VTEC is reduced from 32 to 24, while the frequency of hemorrhagic complications doesnt increase. Conclusion: The results of the study confirm the high efficacy and safety of the Protocol of prevention VTEC in patients with stroke.
Lipid peroxidation in patients with various forms of brucellosis
Authors: AS. Abusueva , SK. Bilalov , ZM. Danyalbekov , AM. Dzhanmurzaeva
Published: November 2024

Objective: To identify the clinical and pathogenetic significance of the activation of lipid peroxidation processes in brucellosis. Materials and methods: There were examined235 patients with brucellosis at age of 15 to 72 years.The content of primary products of lipid peroxidation in the blood serum of patients with acute, subacute and chronic brucellosis was studied. Results: It was established that in all groups of patients with brucellosis, a moderate excess of the concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the serum of the blood of patients with brucellosis was observed at the 2nd week of the disease, followed by a decrease at the 3rd week.Maximum concentrations of malonic dialdehydewere observed in patients with acute brucellosis during all periods of the disease compared with patients with subacute and chronic brucellosis. Consequently: It has been established that the determination of only primary products of lipid peroxidation in the blood serum of patients with brucellosis does not allow to fully controlling the course of lipid peroxidation.It is advisable to evaluate the intensity of lipid peroxidation in a complex, taking into account the accumulation of the final degradation products of hydroperoxides in the blood serum.
Ecological and hygienic assessment of adolescent health in different climatic and geographic conditions of the Dagestan Republic
Authors: SA. Abusuyev , MG. Magomedov , OM. Tumalaeva , DM. Magomedov
Published: November 2024

Objective. Comparative assessment of morbidity and morphofunctional development level of adolescents of military age in various ecological zones of the Dagestan Republic. Materials and methods. There was studied the anthropophysiometric indicators and the incidence of diseases of the digestive system, the musculoskeletal system, blood and blood-forming organs, the endocrine system and the respiratory system among adolescents of military age (age 17 years) over a 10-year period in all areas of lowland, foothill and mountain Dagestan.There were 3544 teenagers surveyed. Results.A long-term steady trend of increasing prevalence of morphofunctional deviations and socially significant diseases amongadolescents of military age in the ecological zones of the republic was established.The incidence of adolescents of military age with various diseases is high on the background of morphofunctional abnormalities. Cunclusion. The combined effect of factors with different biological effects (additivity, synergism, emergence and inversion of action) confirms the unfavorable prognosis of diseases among adolescents of military age and justifies the need for continuous monitoring of the environment.
Structural changes of the lymphomicrocirculatory bed of fibrous membranes with compression injury of soft tissues of the extremities
Authors: AA. Osmanova , MA. Magomedov , K. Magomedov
Published: November 2024

Objective: Investigation of the state of the lymphocytocirculatory bed directly in the region of compression and in remote organ from it in the early postcompression period of the crush syndrome of severe degree. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed among 60 adult rats weighing 180-250 g, which were divided into 2 groups: I - intact animals (control) - 20 II - model of postcompression period of the crush syndrome of severe degree - 40.Reproduction of the model of crush syndrome of severe degree was achieved by squeezing two pelvic limbs of rats for 8 hours under intramuscular ketamine anesthesia. Results: The overall assessment of changes in the lymphomacirculatory bed during postcompression period of the crush syndrome severe degree has shown a growing in dynamics (after 1 and 3 days) pathological restructuring of the architectonics of microvascular networks, recalibration of diameters of all links in the direction of decrease, which are accompanied by dystrophic changes in histostructure of their walls.The severity of changes in the lymphatic bed of the subcutaneous fascia of the thigh in 1 day after postcompression period of crush syndromeis caused by impaired local hemodynamics.A large degree of changes in the lymphatic bed in the fibrous capsule of the kidney in 3 days postcompression period of the crush syndrome is explained by the maximum accumulation of myoglobin in the blood and urine. Cunclusion: The first day of postcompression period of the crush syndrome of severe degree is accompanied by significant changes in the microangioarchitecture of the lymphatic bed with the recalibration of their diameters downward.In 3 days the progression of these changes is determined on the background of the microcomplex microcomplex dissection.
The study of bactericidal effectiveness of neutral anolyte in combination with potassium permanganate
Authors: AA. Aliev , BI. Shapiev , KB. Shapieva , MM. Atalaev , IM. Ismailov , ZS. Khambulatova
Published: November 2024

Objective. Study of the combined use of electrochemically activated solution of sodium chloride with potassium permanganate and develop modes of disinfection of various objects and objects of medical and veterinary purposes. Materials and methods. There was conducted research by conventional methods in semi-production conditions by separated and combined use of electrochemically active-neutral anolyte (ca. 0.1 mg / l) with potassium permanganate.As a test microorganism was used a suspension of cultures of strains (E. coli, strain 1257, golden streptococcus, strain 209p), the test object (coarse calico) was without protein protection. Results. Neutral anolyte with chlorine activity of 0.1 mg / ml in combination with potassium permanganate in various dilutions (1: 2000 1: 2500 1: 3000 and 1: 4000) disinfects all the binding objects at various exposures.Neutral anolyte with chlorine activity 0.1 mg / ml without manganic acid potassium combination showed a disinfecting effect quoad E. Coli in exposures of 15 and 20 minutes, and - St. Aureus This effect appears at a 20-minute exposure.Potassium permanganate in dilution with distilled water at a dilution of 1: 4000 did not show any bactericidal activity against the above-mentioned sanitary-indicative microorganisms. Cunclusion. The results of the study allow recommendingelectrochemically active-neutral anolyte in combination with potassium permanganate for implementation into medical and veterinary practice in order to disinfect and deodorize the premises of hospitals, clinics, and also objects of veterinary supervision.
Efficiency of metoprololin the treatment of hypertensionin a coastal city climate
Authors: MT. Kudaev , IM. Kurbanova , MU. Totushev , PS. Kudaeva , AZ. Magomedov , ZN. Ataeva , TA. Gadzhieva , RK. Guseynova
Published: November 2024

Objective: evaluation of the effectiveness of metoprolol in arterial hypertension (AH) in the conditions of the coastal city of Makhachkala. Materials and methods: There was conducted a study of the effectiveness of metoprolol at a dose of 25 mg 2 times a day in the treatment of 132 patients with grade II III grade AH (average age 58.2 4.3 years, duration of hypertension 7.8 0.6 years). The study of daily blood pressure (BP) monitoring was carried out monthly during the year. Results: In March, June, November and December the effectiveness of metoprolol was low because the time index of blood pressure exceeded 50. In the treatment with metoprolol in June and July, there was an increase in the variability of blood pressure beyond the limits of acceptable values. Analysis of the dynamics of integral indicators of daily blood pressure monitoring showed the seasonality of the antihypertensive action of metoprolol. Cunclusion: in the treatment of hypertensive patients with grade II III, the dose of metoprolol should be increased in March, June, July, November and December in the conditions of the coastal city of Makhachkala.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КАТИОНИТА С НАНОВКЛЮЧЕНИЯМИ СЕРЕБРА
Authors: И.Т. Гарипов , А.Б. Юлдашев , Р.Р. Хайдаров , О.У. Гапурова , И.И. Садиков , С.В. Прудникова , С.Ю. Евграфова
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассмотрен новый метод внедрения наночастиц серебра в сильнокислотный катионит КУ-2-8, обеспечивающий образование слоя нановключений серебра на поверхности гранул катионита. Частицы серебра на поверхности катионита имеют сферическую форму и равномерное распределение, их размер варьирует в диапазоне от 50 до 1000 нм. Полная обменная емкость катионита КУ-2-8 по ионам серебра составляет 2,05 ммоль/г. Показано, что использование наночастиц серебра в структуре катионита позволяет предотвратить рост бактерий и биопленок на его поверхности и тем самым значительно увеличить срок его службы при сохранении высокого значения обменной емкости, характерной для сильнокислотных ионообменных смол. Модифицируемый наночастицами серебра катионит может широко применяться в составе систем химводоподготовки, предназначенных для повышения экономичности, ликвидации накипи и отложений на теплопередающих поверхностях в котельном оборудовании.

In this article, a new method for introducing silver nanoparticles into strong acid cationite KU-2-8, which provides the formation of a layer of silver nanoclusions on the surface of cationite granules, is considered. Silver particles on the surface of the cationite have a spherical shape and uniform distribution, their size varies in the range from 50 to 1000 nm. The total exchange capacity of KU-2-8 cationite for silver ions is 2.05 mmol/g. It is shown that the use of silver nanoparticles in the structure of cationite prevents the growth of bacteria and biofilms on its surface and thereby significantly increases its service life while maintaining a high value of the exchange capacity characteristic of strongly acidic ion-exchange resins. Cationite modified by silver nanoparticles can be widely used as part of chemical water treatment systems designed to increase efficiency, eliminate scale and deposits on heat transfer surfaces in boiler equipment.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ТБО ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ПРЕССОВЫХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: С.А. Красноперова
Published: November 2024

В статье проанализированы основные виды твердых бытовых отходов, производимые продовольственными магазинами и супермаркетами. Выявлено, что наибольший объем занимают органические и целлюлозно-бумажные (макулатура) отходы. Предложено оптимизировать организационную деятельность по сбору и утилизации ТБО при помощи пакетировочного пресса. Внедрение пакетировочного пресса решает целый ряд проблем продовольственных магазинов: утилизации производственных отходов; рационального использования производственных и складских площадей; пожарной и экологической безопасности; охраны труда и соблюдения техники безопасности; эстетики и культуры производства; повышении имиджа компании. Также внедрение прессовых установок позволяет значительно сэкономить денежные средства при перевозке и утилизации отходов.

The article analyzes the main types of solid household waste produced by food stores and supermarkets. It was revealed that the largest volume is occupied by organic and pulp and paper (waste paper) waste. It is proposed to optimize organizational activities for the collection and disposal of solid waste using a bagging press. The introduction of a bagging press solves a number of problems of food stores: utilization of industrial waste; rational use of production and warehouse space; fire and environmental safety; occupational health and safety; aesthetics and culture of production; improving the company's image. Also, the introduction of press installations allows you to significantly save money when transporting and disposing of waste.
Информационно-просветительская работа с учащимися по формированию знаний и навыков РСО
Authors: О.П. Дружакина
Published: November 2024

Внедрение раздельного сбора отходов (РСО) отмечается как одна из приоритетных задач национального проекта «Экология» в России. В статье рассказан опыт организации сепарационного сбора отходов внутри помещений, а также информационно-просветительской деятельности по формированию умений и навыков раздельного накопления и сбора твердых коммунальных отходов у учащихся и сотрудников в ФГБОУ ВО «Удмуртский государственный университет». С начала 2020 года в Университете запущен проект селективного сбора отходов в два ведра – утилизируемые и не утилизируемые. Ведется информационно-разъяснительная работа с учащимися, сотрудниками, со всем задействованным персоналом и специалистами клининговой службы, специалистами по безопасности. Это уникальный для Республики опыт раздельного сбора отходов в помещениях. Он позволит разработать механизм внедрения РСО, тиражируемый в последующем для административных и общественных зданий. Проект направлен на повышение качественных и количественных показателей извлечения вторичного сырья на стадии его первичного образования. Сегодня этот показатель не превышает 2 %, в будущем планируется достичь 60 %.

The introduction of separate waste collection (SWC) is noted as one of the priorities of the national project "Ecology" in Russia. The article describes the experience of organizing separate collection of waste inside the premises, as well as information and educational activities for the formation of skills for separate accumulation and collection of solid municipal waste among students and employees at the Udmurt state University. Since the beginning of 2020, the University has launched a project for selective collection of waste in two buckets – recyclable and non-recyclable. Awareness-raising activities are conducted with students, employees, all involved personnel and specialists of the cleaning service, security specialists. This is a unique experience for the Republic of separate waste collection in the premises. It will allow to develop a mechanism for the implementation of the SWC, which will be replicated in the future for administrative and public buildings. The project is aimed at improving the quality and quantity of secondary raw material extraction at the stage of its primary formation. Today, this figure does not exceed 2 %, and in the future it is planned to reach 60 %.
ПРОБЛЕМА ОТХОДОВ В РОССИИ: СТАТИСТИКА, УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И УТИЛИЗАЦИЯ
Authors: О.А. Александриди
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассматриваются проблемы экологической безопасности в сфере утилизации бытовых и промышленных отходов в окружающей среде как одного из важнейших аспектов устойчивого развития общества. В настоящее время эта проблема является одной из приоритетных и решается на мировом уровне. С появлением потребительского характера общества проблема утилизации отходов становится все более острой, что требует немедленных решений в глобальном масштабе.

This article discusses the problems of environmental safety in the field of disposal of household and industrial waste in the environment as one of the most important aspects of sustainable development of society. Currently, this problem is one of the priority and is being resolved at the global level. With the advent of the consumer nature of society, the problem of waste management becomes more acute, which requires immediate solutions on a global scale.
Техногенные образования как рекультивационный материал
Authors: О.М. Гуман , А.Б. Макаров , Е.О. Вегнер-Козлова
Published: November 2024

Необходимость рекультивации нарушенных земель в пределах урбанизированных территорий на Урале определила необходимость изучения для применения с этой целью разнообразных техногенных образований. В статье рассматриваются техногенные образования, представленные разнообразными отходами горного, обогатительного, металлургического и других производств, которые могут быть использованы и используются для рекультивации нарушенных земель. В этом качестве применяются как близкие по составу к природным (вскрышные и вмещающие породы различных месторождений, хвосты и шламы обогатительных фабрик), так и различные разновидности шлаков металлургического производства. Применение последних показано на примере магнетитсодержащих песков – отходов переработки отвальных шлаков Среднеуральского медеплавильного завода. Показано, что организационно-экономическим стимулом для использования техногенных образований в качестве рекультивационного материала могут послужить принципы циркулярной экономики.

The need for reclamation of disturbed land within urbanized territories in the Urals has determined the need to study for this purpose a variety of man-made formations. The article deals with technogenic formations represented by various wastes from mining, processing, metallurgical and other industries that can be used and are used for reclamation of disturbed lands. In this capacity, both similar in composition to natural ones (overburden and host rocks of various deposits, tailings and slurries of processing plants), and various types of slags of metallurgical production are used. The use of the latter is shown on the example of magnetite-containing Sands-waste from the processing of dump slags of the Sredneuralsky copper smelter. It is shown that the principles of circular economy can serve as an organizational and economic incentive for the use of technogenic formations as reclamation material. Keywords: recultivation material, technogenic formations, tailings, sludge, circular economy.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО СБОРА ОТХОДОВ В ГОРОДЕ ЕКАТЕРИНБУРГЕ
Authors: А.Н. Малышев
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассматриваются и описываются проблемы реализации раздельного сбора отходов в г. Екатеринбурге. Изучен зарубежный опыт по внедрению селективного сбора, а также классификации сбора. Рассмотрены причины проблем. Для проекции полной картины был изучен Федеральный закон № 89-ФЗ от 24.06.1998, описаны методы, позволяющие успешно ввести селективный сбор отходов. Произведен анализ, на основе которого сделан вывод о дальнейших перспективах ведения данной стратегии на территории г. Екатеринбурга: на данный момент для достижения успеха стратегии необходимо придерживаться описанных методов. В ином случае действия по внедрению будут безрезультативными, то есть стратегия не будет работать.

This article discusses and describes the problems of implementing separate waste collection in Yekaterinburg. Foreign experience in the implementation of selective collection and collection classification was studied. The causes of problems are considered. To project the full picture, Federal law No. 89-FZ of 24.06.1998 was studied, and methods for successfully introducing selective waste collection were described. The analysis is made, on the basis of which the conclusion is made about the future prospects of conducting this strategy in the territory of the city. Yekaterinburg: at the moment, to achieve the success of the strategy, it is necessary to adhere to the described methods. Otherwise, implementation actions will be ineffective, meaning the strategy will not work.
THE CHOICE OF AIR EXCHANGE CALCULATION PROCEDURE FOR UNDERGROUND PARKING
Authors: A.S. Bushuev , Y.I. Rakhimova
Published: November 2024

The modern trend of society is aimed at energy saving and efficient use of resources, and, consequently, at increasing energy efficiency. The number of cars is increasing every year, accordingly, the design and construction of underground parking lots under residential buildings and internal parking lots in shopping centers becomes the right decision. The article discusses the main ways of organizing air exchange in underground parking lots. The conclusion is made about the relevance of the schemes used in Russia for ventilation of parking lots. The author approaches the issue of choosing between duct and jet ventilation systems and, on the basis of the collected information, proposes to consider the operation of both systems at a specific facility and compare their technical characteristics.

Современная тенденция общества направлена на энергосбережение и эффективное использование ресурсов, а, следовательно, и на повышение энергоэффективности. Количество машин увеличивается с каждым годом, соответственно верным решением становится проектирование и строительство подземных паркингов под жилыми домами и внутренних парковок в торговых центрах. В статье рассмотрены основные способы организации воздухообмена на подземных паркингах. Сделан вывод об актуальности схем, применяемых в России для вентиляции парковок. Автор подходит к вопросу выбора между канальной и струйной системами вентиляции и на основе собранной информации предлагает рассмотреть работу обеих систем на конкретном объекте и сравнить их технические характеристики.
АВТОНОМНЫЕ УПРАВЛЯЕМЫЕ СОЛНЕЧНО-ВЕТРОВЫЕ УЛИЧНЫЕ СВЕТИЛЬНИКИ ДЛЯ УСЛОВИЙ РОССИИ
Authors: В.В. Зиновьев , О.А. Бартенев
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрено использование гибридных солнечно-ветровых энергетических установок для уличного и дорожного освещения. Спроектирован гибридный контроллер управления солнечно-ветровой осветительной установкой с учетом особенностей условий России. Предложено решение для предотвращения обледенения поверхности солнечных модулей в зимний период. Проведен расчет выработки электроэнергии и экономической эффективности проекта.

The use of hybrid solar-wind power plants for street and road lighting is considered. A hybrid controller for controlling the solar-wind lighting installation was designed taking into account the specific conditions of Russia. A solution is proposed to prevent icing on the surface of solar modules in the winter. The calculation of electricity generation and the economic efficiency of the project.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОВЫХ СВОЙСТВ ГОРНЫХ ПОРОД С ПОМОЩЬЮ СЕРИЙНО ВЫПУСКАЕМЫХ ПРИБОРОВ: ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРОПРОВОДНОСТИ LFA 467 И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО СКАНИРУЮЩЕГО КАЛОРИМЕТРА DSC 204 HP
Authors: А.А. Липаев , Д.В. Безруков
Published: November 2024

Достоверные данные о тепловых свойствах (тепло-, температуропроводности и теплоемкости) горных пород требуются для решения целого ряда теоретических и практически важных техносферных задач, в том числе связанных с геотермическими исследованиями (например, надежная оценка теплового потока), интерпретацией результатов термометрии в скважинах, применением тепловых методов добычи высоковязких нефтей и др. Решение этих задач требует развития экспериментальной базы тепловой петрофизики (теплофизики горных пород), что представляет собой самостоятельную научную проблему. Несмотря на имеющиеся к настоящему времени методические и конструкторские разработки (С.А.Николаев, С.Н.Эмиров, Ю.А.Попов и др.), поиск наиболее приемлемых способов изучения тепловых характеристик таких сложных объектов, как горные породы, продолжается. В работе проведено исследование тепловых характеристик пород с помощью серийно выпускаемых приборов: дифференциального сканирующего калориметра DSC 204 HP и комплекса LFA 467, предназначенного для измерения температуропроводности. Достоинством этих приборов, в том числе, является экспрессность измерений, а также возможность определения зависимости от температуры удельной теплоемкости и температуропроводности неконсолидированных образцов пород-коллекторов при моделировании горного давления, соответствующего условиям их залегания в пласте.

Reliable data on the thermal properties (heat, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity) of rocks are required to solve a number of theoretical and practically important technosphere problems, including those related to geothermal studies (for example, reliable estimation of heat flux), interpretation of the results of thermometry in wells, application thermal methods for producing highly viscous oils, etc. Solving these problems requires the development of the experimental base of thermal petrophysics (rock thermal physics), which is a one-time scientific problem. Despite the methodological and design developments available to date (S.A. Nikolayev, S.N. Emirov, Yu.A. Popov, etc.), the search for the most acceptable methods for studying the thermal characteristics of such complex objects as rocks continues. In this work, we studied the thermal characteristics of rocks using commercially available instruments: a differential scanning calorimeter DSC 204 HP and a complex LFA 467, designed to measure thermal diffusivity. The advantage of these instruments, in particular, is the rapidity of measurements, as well as the possibility of determining the temperature dependence of the specific heat and thermal diffusivity of unconsolidated samples of reservoir rocks when modeling rock pressure corresponding to the conditions of their occurrence in the reservoir.
О НЕОБХОДИМОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РЕЦИКЛИНГА ВЫВЕДЕННЫХ ИЗ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ
Authors: Б.Б. Бобович
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены состав и возрастная структура автотранспортной отрасли России, и показано, что большая часть автомобильного транспорта имеет длительные сроки эксплуатации, а средний возраст всех транспортных средств составляет 12,5 лет. Показано, что высокий уровень загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в городах является следствием большой доли морально и физически устаревших транспортных средств на дорогах страны, замена которых на автомобили высоких экологических классов происходит крайне медленно. Экологические проблемы, обусловленные автотранспортной отраслью, заключаются в загрязнении биосферы и связанном с ним негативном воздействии на здоровье человека, а также в истощении природных ресурсов. Показано, что автотранспортная отрасль является крупнейшим потребителем материальных и энергетических ресурсов. Полноценный рециклинг выводимых из эксплуатации автомобилей позволяет повторно использовать автокомпоненты, производить вторичные материалы и снизить потребление первичных ресурсов. Рассмотрен передовой зарубежный опыт обращения с выводимыми из эксплуатации автомобилями, который предусматривает разборку, восстановление и переработку всех автокомпонентов. Учитывая необходимость ускоренного обновления автомобильного парка, целесообразно создание в стране отрасли экономики, занятой сбором и демонтажем автомобилей, восстановлением автокомпонентов, не выработавших свой ресурс, и производством вторичных материальных и энергетических ресурсов из остальных отходов.

The composition and age structure of the Russian motor transport industry are considered, and it is shown that most of the motor transport has a long service life, and the average age of all vehicles is 12.5 years. It is shown that the high level of air pollution in cities is the result of a large proportion of morally and physically outdated vehicles on the country's roads, which are replaced by cars of high environmental classes is extremely slow. Environmental problems caused by the road transport industry are the pollution of the biosphere and its associated negative impact on human health, as well as the depletion of natural resources. It is shown that the motor transport industry is the largest consumer of material and energy resources. Full-fledged recycling of decommissioned vehicles allows reducing the consumption of primary resources, reusing auto components and producing secondary materials. The best foreign experience of handling decommissioned cars, which provides for disassembly, restoration and recycling of all car components is considered. Taking into account the need to update the car fleet, it is advisable to create an economic sector in the country that is engaged in the collection and dismantling of cars, the restoration of auto components that have not exhausted their resource, and the production of secondary material and energy resources from other wastes.
НАСЕЛЕНИЕ И ТКО: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ, ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ И ВОСПИТАНИЕ В ВОПРОСАХ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ С ТКО
Authors: Н.А. Ананьева , И.А. Мутугуллина
Published: November 2024

Серьезный экологический кризис, происходящий на нашей планете, заставляет переосмыслить все достижения мировой цивилизации.В статье рассматривается проблема несанкционированных свалок, значительное внимание уделяется негативным последствиям, которые они влекут. Большое значение, в этой связи, имеет проблема просвещения и воспитания населения в вопросах обращения с ТКО. Показана работа волонтеров и эко-лидеров в г. Казани по привлечению населения к раздельному сбору мусора через организацию мобильных пунктов приема.

A serious environmental crisis taking place on our planet makes us rethink all the achievements of world civilization. The article considers the problem of unauthorized landfills, considerable attention is paid to the negative consequences that they entail. Of great importance, in this regard, is the problem of enlightening and educating the population in matters of MSW management. The work of volunteers and eco-leaders in Kazan on attracting the population to separate garbage collection through the organization of mobile collection points is shown.
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF KAZAKHSTAN. SEMIPALATINSKY NUCLEAR RANGE
Authors: A.E. Ismailova
Published: November 2024

Intensive research activities on the development of nuclear weapons in the framework of the confrontation between the USSR and the United States were expressed in the creation of two test sites: in the city of Semipalatinsk (USSR) and in the state of Nevada (USA). At the test site in Semipalatinsk in 1949, the first tests of a two-kiloton atomic bomb were carried out, and in 1955 the first hydrogen bomb was detonated. The ongoing tests of nuclear weapons had a negative impact on the ecological situation in the region. On August 29, 1991, the President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev made a decision to close the Semipalatinsk test site. Meanwhile, at present, the test site is officially referred to as the Semipalatinsk nuclear research site. As part of the activities of the test site, work is carried out in the field of agriculture, geological exploration and mining. According to experts, the harmful effects of the landfill on the environment will be felt for several hundred years. Until now, the ecological problems of this territory have not been properly resolved.

Интенсивная исследовательская деятельность по разработке ядерного оружия в рамках противостояния между СССР и США выразилась в создании двух полигонов: в г. Семипалатинске (СССР) и в штате Невада (США). На полигоне в Семипалатинске в 1949 году были проведены первые испытания двухкилотонной атомной бомбы, а в 1955 году была взорвана первая водородная бомба. Проводимые испытания ядерного оружия отрицательно влияли на экологическую обстановку региона. 29 августа 1991 года президентом Казахстана Н.А. Назарбаевым было принято решение о закрытии Семипалатинского полигона. Между тем в настоящее время полигон официально именуется как Семипалатинский исследовательский ядерный полигон. В рамках деятельности полигона, как исследовательского, проводится работа в области сельского хозяйства, геологоразведки и горной добычи. По мнению экспертов пагубное влияние полигона на окружающую среду будет ощущаться на протяжении нескольких сотен лет. До сих пор экологические проблемы этой территории должным образом не решаются.
Выбросы нефтеперерабатывающей промышленности: источники и методы их переработки
Authors: Мазин Н.М. Аль Басиси , С.А. Липаев
Published: November 2024

Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы потребляют большое количество топлива при операциях по переработке нефти, чтобы производить водяной пар и генерировать электрическую энергию. Сжигание топлива приводит к выбросам газов, вредных для здоровья человека и окружающей среды. Необходимо снижение этих выбросов, что положительно скажется на экологии.

Refineries consume large amounts of fuel in petroleum refining operations in order to produce water vapor and generate electricity. The combustion of fuels results in the emission of gases that are harmful to human health and the environment. It is necessary to reduce these emissions, which will have a positive impact on the environment.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНТЕРАКТИВНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОННЫХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ РУКОВОДСТВ В СТРУКТУРНЫХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯХ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: П.С. Попов , П.А. Бочкарева
Published: November 2024

Система жилищно-коммунального хозяйства Российской Федерации подвергается серьезным изменениям последние годы, но не все из них оптимизированы для нужд управляющих организаций, хотя и подразумевают применение современных информационных технологий. В статье описана система аккумуляции информации в единой базе данных с последующей интеграцией в интерактивные электронно-технические руководства. Иными словами, рассматривается подход по объединению систем Умный дом и Умный город. Данный подход обещает обеспечить постоянный сбор и анализ информации о различных узлах многоквартирного дома и их состояний на предыдущий и текущий моменты времени. Важно, что одной из надстроек такой системы будет являться блок работы и анализа информации о наиболее непредсказуемой подсистеме многоквартирного дома, - о собственниках. Сложная система, построенная по предложенным принципам, способна содержать информацию о многоквартирном доме в актуальном состоянии на протяжении всего времени управления им управляющей организацией. Устраняя тем самым сложности работы с системой ГИС ЖКХ, оптимизируя основные процессы в управляющей организации путем составления руководств всего жизненного цикла процессов и предоставления их всем участникам этих процессов, а также давая возможность в короткие сроки предоставить собственникам исчерпывающую актуальную информацию о многоквартирном доме и его состоянии.

The system of housing and communal services of the Russian Federation has undergone serious changes in recent years, but not all of them have been optimized for the needs of management organizations, although they imply the use of modern information technologies. The article describes the system of accumulation of information in a single database with subsequent integration into interactive electronic and technical manuals. In other words, the approach of combining Smart House and Smart City is considered. This approach promises to ensure a constant collection and analysis of information about the various nodes of the apartment building and their conditions at the previous and current time. It is important that one of the superstructures of such a system will be a block of work and analysis of information on the most unpredictable subsystem of an apartment building - about the owners. A complex system, built according to the proposed principles, is able to contain information about an apartment building in an up-to-date state throughout the entire period of its management by the management organization. Eliminating the difficulties of working with the GIS of the housing and communal services, optimizing the main processes in the management organization by creating guidelines for the entire life cycle of the processes and providing them to all participants of these processes, and also giving the owners in a short time to provide the owners with up-to-date information on the apartment building and its condition.