bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy Disorders and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Kaeberle Jean
Published: July 2018

Epilepsy disorders are the most common treatable neurological disorders in childhood. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders has improved over time. Children with epilepsy/seizure disorder are more likely to have or develop mental health and developmental comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, and developmental delay compared to children without epilepsy/seizure disorder. If seizures can be controlled, quality of life will improve. This article will review the current medical treatment for seizures and epilepsy, including medications, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), dietary modifications, and surgical intervention.
Product design and hierarchized persuasion process: An application to three household electrical products
Authors: Belboula Imène , Ackermann Claire-Lise , Mathieu Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2018

Product design can be considered a communication tool that results in cognitive and affective responses. This research builds on MacKenzie et al.’s advertising persuasion models to determine whether the persuasion process induced by product design operates according to a hierarchy of effects, both directly through an affect transfer process and indirectly through product cognitions. The findings provide evidence of the existence of direct and indirect routes for both functional and symbolic beliefs. They highlight the effect of stylistic choices on consumers’ affective, cognitive and behavioural responses.
The Clickwrap: A Political Economic Mechanism for Manufacturing Consent on Social Media
Authors: Obar Jonathan A. , Oeldorf-Hirsch Anne
Published: July 2018

The clickwrap is a digital prompt that facilitates consent processes by affording users the opportunity to quickly accept or reject digital media policies. A qualitative survey analysis was conducted ( N = 513), assessing user interactions with the consent materials of a fictitious social media service, NameDrop. Findings suggest that clickwraps serve a political economic function by facilitating the circumvention of consent materials. Herman and Chomsky’s notion of the “buying mood” guides the analysis to analogize how social media maintain flow to monetized sections of services while diverting attention from policies that might encourage dissent. Clickwraps accomplish this through an agenda-setting function whereby prompts encouraging circumvention are made more prominent than policy links. Results emphasize that clickwraps discourage engagement with privacy and reputation protections by suggesting that consent materials are unimportant, contributing to the normalization of this circumvention. The assertion that clickwraps serve a political economic function suggests that capitalist methods of production are successfully being integrated into social media services and have the ability to manufacture consent.
How People Weave Online Information Into Pseudoknowledge
Authors: Introne Joshua , Gokce Yildirim Irem , Iandoli Luca , DeCook Julia , Elzeini Shaima
Published: July 2018

Misinformation has found a new natural habitat in the digital age. Thousands of forums, blogs, and alternative news sources amplify fake news and inaccurate information to such a degree that it impacts our collective intelligence. Researchers and policy makers are troubled by misinformation because it is presumed to energize or even carry false narratives that can motivate poor decision-making and dangerous behaviors. Yet, while a growing body of research has focused on how viral misinformation spreads, little work has examined how false narratives are in fact constructed. In this study, we move beyond contagion inspired approaches to examine how people construct a false narrative. We apply prior work in cognitive science on narrative understanding to illustrate how the narrative changes over time and in response to social dynamics, and examine how forum participants draw upon a diverse set of online sources to substantiate the narrative. We find that the narrative is based primarily on reinterpretations of conventional and scholarly sources, and then used to provide an alternate account of unfolding events. We conclude that the link between misinformation, conventional knowledge, and false narratives is more complex than is often presumed, and advocate for a more direct study of this relationship.
Women Advancing to Leadership Positions: A Qualitative Study of Women Leaders in IT and ITES Sector in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Shubhasheesh , Mohapatra Sweta , Bhattacharya Sonali
Published: July 2018

The article examines the key factors that facilitate the advancement of women to leadership positions in the information technology and information technology enabled services (IT and ITES) sector in India. It adopted interview based exploratory case study method using multiple case studies and gathered empirical data using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The study identified critical individual and organizational factors which facilitate the advancement of women in leadership positions. The findings are of value to human resource and diversity practitioners to create gender-balanced and inclusive leadership in the organizations that would lead to attracting, retaining and developing women talent for leadership roles.
Superior Capsular Reconstruction With a Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Autograft: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: El-shaar Rami , Soin Sandeep , Nicandri Gregg , Maloney Michael , Voloshin Ilya
Published: July 2018

Background:

Several procedures have been proposed to address irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears with pseudoparalysis. One recently proposed procedure is superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using a tensor fasciae latae (TFL) autograft.

Hypothesis:

SCR with a locally available long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) autograft is biomechanically equivalent to SCR using TFL autograft for preventing superior humeral migration and the development of RC arthropathy in patients with irreparable RC tears.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten cadaveric shoulders (5 matched pairs) were tested. One shoulder from each pair was randomly assigned to the LHB reconstruction group using our novel technique, while the contralateral side was assigned to the TFL reconstruction group. SCR with a TFL autograft was performed based on previously described techniques. Massive RC tears were created by detachment of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus footprints from the greater tuberosity. The force required to superiorly translate the humerus 1.5 cm was then tested and recorded using a servohydraulic testing machine under 2 conditions: (1) after a massive RC tear and (2) after SCR with either a TFL autograft or an LHB autograft.

Results:

SCR with an LHB autograft required 393.2% ± 87.9% ( P = .029) of the force needed for superior humeral migration in the massive RC tear condition, while SCR with a TFL autograft required 194.0% ± 21.8% ( P = .0125). The LHB reconstruction group trended toward a stronger reconstruction when normalized to the torn condition ( P = .059).

Conclusion:

SCR with an LHB autograft is a feasible procedure that is shown to be biomechanically equivalent and potentially even stronger than SCR with a TFL autograft in the prevention of superior humeral migration.

Clinical Relevance:

This new technique may help to prevent superior humeral migration and the development of RC arthropathy in patients with irreparable RC tears.
Strength in Numbers: Perceptions of Political Commonality with African Americans among Asians and Asian Americans in the United States
Authors: Nicholson Harvey L. , Carter J. Scott , Restar Arjee
Published: July 2018

Asians are now the fastest growing racial minority group in the United States. Nearly 18 million Asians and Asian Americans currently reside in the country. Approximately 44 million African Americans also live in the United States. To improve their limited social, economic, and political clout, Asians and Asian Americans in the United States (AAAUS) could benefit from the formation of mutually beneficial political alliances with African Americans, another historically marginalized racial group. However, complicated relational dynamics between African Americans and AAAUS may drastically reduce the chances of political unity. Using the 2008 National Asian American Survey, the authors examine the effects of three factors—group consciousness, linked fate, and experiences of discrimination—on perceptions of political commonality with African Americans among AAAUS. The findings show that group consciousness and linked fate positively and strongly increase the odds of perceptions of political commonality with African Americans; however, experiences of discrimination do not. The results suggest that the cultivation of mutually beneficial political alliances between African Americans and AAAUS would first require AAAUS to develop a heightened sense of group consciousness and linked fate. The potential impact of these factors on future political alliances between both groups are discussed, as are the limitations of this study.
How do differing degrees of working-time autonomy and overtime affect worker well-being? A multilevel approach using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP)
Authors: Seitz Julia , Rigotti Thomas
Published: July 2018

Flextime, or Flexitime, leads to greater worker satisfaction and well-being, but evidence shows increased working-time autonomy also leads to a greater risk of burnout and overload. The aim of this study is to estimate the effects of working-time arrangements with differing levels of autonomy on job and leisure satisfaction as well as subjective health. It uses working excessive hours as the threshold moderator. Based on German data, hypotheses were tested using a balanced sample of 4019 individuals spanning 16,076 person-years. Changing to or remaining in autonomous working-time arrangements had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Advancing to self-managed working time (trust-based working time) had a negative effect on satisfaction with leisure time, although remaining in self-managed working time related positively to general health. This study shows that measures are needed to govern working-time autonomy in order to prevent employees excessively extending their working hours.
Smartphone Otoscopy Sans Attachment: A Paradigm Shift in Diagnosing Ear Pathologies
Authors: Bhavana Kranti , Ahmad Majaz , Sharma Piyush
Published: July 2018

Objective

To study the validity of smartphone otoscopy.

Setting

Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.

Study Design

Experimental study design to compare the efficacy of smartphone otoscopy with otoendoscopes.

Subjects and Methods

One hundred tympanic membranes (TMs) of 50 patients were examined and photographed by third‐year senior residents (6 years of ENT training) using a zero‐degree otoendoscope. The same 100 ears were then examined using a smartphone. Assistive light of the phone was used to illuminate the ear canal. The camera of the phone was focused to visualize and photograph the TM.

Results

Compared with the gold‐standard otoendoscopes, smartphones could correctly diagnose 75% of the cases. Sensitivity and specificity of smartphone otoscopy were 87.8% and 80%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 90.6%, whereas negative predictive value was 75%. Smartphone otoscopy could correctly diagnose 88.57% of normal TMs, 86.36% of retracted TMs, and 82.85% of perforated TMs.

Conclusion

This modality of “smart otoscopy” has no added cost and can be used by most doctors after minimal training. It is an excellent teaching tool and can be used universally even in resource‐limited settings.
Sequential allogeneic and autologous CAR-T–cell therapy to treat an immune-compromised leukemic patient
Authors: Zhang Jian-Ping , Zhang Rui , Tsao Shih-Ting , Liu Yu-Chen , Chen Xiaochuan , Lu Dao-Pei , Castillo Paul , Chang Lung-Ji
Published: July 2018

Key Points

CAR-T–cell therapy normally requires the patient’s own healthy T cells. An allogeneic CAR-T bridging therapy could rescue lymphopenic patients.
Correlation of Spectral Acceleration Values of Mainshock-Aftershock Ground Motion Pairs
Authors: Papadopoulos Athanasios N. , Kohrangi Mohsen , Bazzurro Paolo
Published: July 2018

This study examines the statistical correlation between the spectral accelerations of mainshock-aftershock ground motion pairs in the NGA-West2 ground motion database. Aftershock spectral accelerations are found mildly correlated with their mainshock counterparts for closely spaced periods of vibration and are weakly correlated over the rest of the period range. We further investigate for potential differences between the interperiod correlations of mainshock and aftershock spectral accelerations, finding no substantial evidence to support the use of different models for the two cases. Furthermore, the impact of different rupture scenario parameters on correlation is examined and discussed. The derived correlation estimates are expected to aid in aftershock seismic hazard assessment and/or in record selection for risk assessment applications by using the mainshock spectral ordinates to obtain better predictions for the aftershock ground motion.
Computation of Vector Hazard Using Salient Features of Seismic Hazard Deaggregation
Authors: Dhulipala Somayajulu L. N. , Rodriguez-Marek Adrian , Flint Madeleine M.
Published: July 2018

Deaggregation is one of the products of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) suitable for identifying the relative contributions of various magnitude-distance bins to a hazard or intensity measure (IM) level. In this paper, we elucidate some interesting features of deaggregations, such as: their monotonically decreasing nature with IM; their invariance to any minimum IM level; and the pertinence of their bins to a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). We use these features of hazard deaggregation along with copula functions in a simplified method for computing vector deaggregation and vector hazard given the scalar counterparts. We validate our simplified procedure at a hypothetical site surrounded by multiple fault sources where seismic hazard is calculated using a logic tree. We also demonstrate the application of our approach to a real site in Los Angeles, CA. Finally, we explore whether the invariance property of deaggregations can be used to compute scalar hazard curves using new ground motion prediction models/IMs, and find that for low to moderate levels of IM, a reasonable approximation is obtained.
Performance-Based Seismic Design and Evaluation of Fused Steel Diagrid Frame
Authors: Li Tianxiang , Yang T. Y. , Tong Genshu , Tung Dorian P. , Li Yuanjie
Published: July 2018

A fused steel diagrid frame (FSDF) is an innovative earthquake resilient structural system. FSDF combines the steel diagrid structural system with shear links (SLs) and moment connections (MCs) to dissipate earthquake energy. SLs are placed between diamond-shaped grid units and serve as the primary seismic force-resisting system (SFRS). MCs provide the additional resistance as the secondary SFRS. To facilitate the design of the proposed FSDF system, a performance-based equivalent energy design procedure (EEDP) is utilized to design a prototype building. EEDP allows designers to select multiple performance objectives under different earthquake hazard intensities. A detailed finite element model is developed to simulate the nonlinear dynamic response of the structure under earthquake shaking intensities. The results of nonlinear dynamic analyses show that the FSDF has superior seismic performance and can be efficiently designed using EEDP. Lastly, detailed collapse risk assessment of the prototype building utilizing the FSDF is conducted using the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA P695 (2009) methodology. The result shows that the EEDP-designed FSDF has superior margin against collapse.
The actin cortex at a glance
Authors: Chugh Priyamvada , Paluch Ewa K.
Published: July 2018

Precisely controlled cell deformations are key to cell migration, division and tissue morphogenesis, and have been implicated in cell differentiation during development, as well as cancer progression. In animal cells, shape changes are primarily driven by the cellular cortex, a thin actomyosin network that lies directly underneath the plasma membrane. Myosin-generated forces create tension in the cortical network, and gradients in tension lead to cellular deformations. Recent studies have provided important insight into the molecular control of cortical tension by progressively unveiling cortex composition and organization. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review our current understanding of cortex composition and architecture. We then discuss how the microscopic properties of the cortex control cortical tension. While many open questions remain, it is now clear that cortical tension can be modulated through both cortex composition and organization, providing multiple levels of regulation for this key cellular property during cell and tissue morphogenesis.
Seasonality of birth defects in West Africa: could congenital Zika syndrome be to blame?
Authors: Majumder Maimuna S. , Hess Rosanna , Ross Ratchneewan , Piontkivska Helen
Published: July 2018

The link between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental defects in infants, referred to as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), was recently discovered. One key question that remains is whether such neurodevelopmental abnormalities are limited to the recently evolved Asiatic ZIKV strains or if they can also be induced by endemic African strains. Thus, we examined birth registries from one particular hospital from a country in West Africa, where ZIKV is endemic. Results showed a seasonal pattern of birth defects that is consistent with potential CZS, which corresponds to a range of presumed maternal infection that encompasses both the peak of the warm, rainy season as well as the months immediately following it, when mosquito activity is likely high. While we refrain from definitively linking ZIKV infection and birth defects in West Africa at this time, in part due to scant data available from the region, we hope that this report will initiate broader surveillance efforts that may help shed light onto mechanisms underlying CZS.
Recent advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Prendecki Maria , Pusey Charles D.
Published: July 2018

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare systemic autoimmune diseases characterised by inflammation of small blood vessels. Recent developments have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, including the pathogenic role of ANCA, neutrophils and monocytes as mediators of injury, dysregulation of the complement system, and the role of T and B cells. Current treatment strategies for AAV are based on broad immunosuppression, which may have significant side effects. Advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of disease have led to the identification of new therapeutic targets which may lead to treatment protocols with less-toxic side effects. The aim of this review is to summarise current information and recent advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of AAV.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГНЕЗДОСТРОЕНИЯ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГНЕЗД БОЛЬШОЙ СИНИЦЫ (PARUS MAJOR L.) И ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ ГОРИХВОСТКИ (PHOENICURUS PHOENICURUS L.) В УРБАНИЗИРОВАННОМ ЛАНДШАФТЕ Г. МОНЧЕГОРСКА
Authors: Koryakina Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: July 2018

В работе проанализирован состав и характеристика гнезд дуплогнездящихся птиц в черте г. Мончегорска и прилегающих территорий: большой синицы (n=35) и обыкновенной горихвостки (n=17) за пятилетний период. Определены основные параметры гнезд для большой синицы: высота 5,43±0,31 см, диаметр 14,52±0,42 см, масса 36,78±2,6 г и обыкновенной горихвостки: высота 7,2±0,6 см, диаметр 16,53±7,75 см, масса 61,82±5,84 г. Средняя дата начала гнездостроения у большой синицы при первой попытке гнездования 09 мая±1,27 (limmin=24 апреля, limmax=23 мая; n=27), при второй попытке гнездования 24 июня±1,79 (limmin=18 июня, limmax=11 июля; n=8), у обыкновенной горихвостки 24 мая±1,18 (limmin=15 мая, limmax=06 июня; n=17). Преобладающей древесной породой для заселения синичников и постройки гнезд у дуплогнездящихся птиц является береза субарктическая (Betula subarctica Orlova). Наибольшее число гнезд большой синицы (28,5%) приходится на гнезда с четырьмя компонентами; гнезда, состоящие из 2 и 3 компонентов, составляют, соответственно, 8,5% и 22,9% от общего числа гнезд. В гнездах большой синицы количество компонентов колеблется от 2 до 5, в среднем 4,37±0,28, основными из которых являются зеленый мох и собачья шерсть. Преобладающее количество гнезд обыкновенной горихвостки состоит из семи компонентов (29,5%), на гнезда, состоящие из четырех, пяти и шести компонентов, приходится по 17,6%; количество компонентов находится в диапазоне от 3 до 10, в среднем 6±0,46. Самыми распространенными компонентами гнезда обыкновенной горихвостки являются: побеги трав, листья, кора и труха. Данные компоненты являются традиционными природными материалами для гнезд перечисленных видов птиц. В качестве специфических антропогенных компонентов, для постройки гнезд птицами используются: полиэтилен, бумага (картон), шерстяные нитки, мешковина, вата, синтепон. Процент встречаемости антропогенных материалов составляет 34,3% для гнезд большой синицы и 52,9% для гнезд обыкновенной горихвостки.
ПИГМЕНТНЫЙ СОСТАВ ФОНОВЫХ ЭПИФИТНЫХ ВИДОВ БРИО- И ЛИХЕНОБИОТЫ КРУПНЫХ ГОРОДОВ КАК БИОИНДИКАЦИОННЫЙ ПРИЗНАК
Authors: Zlydnev Nikolaevich Artem , Onophreychuk Olga Nikolaevna , Anishchenko Lydia Nikolaevna
Published: July 2018

Выявлены биохимические показатели общего состояния воздуха в городах – содержание фотосинтетического пигмента в биомассе лишайников и зелёных мхов. Установлена валовая концентрация фотосинтетических пигментов (хлорофиллов а и b) и на их основе выделены 2 зоны: с высоким и низким содержанием пигментов для города Брянска и Орла.Оптимальное соотношение хлорофиллов а и b (5 : 3) не определено ни для одной пробы биомасс, в среднем для г. Брянска – 2,2 : 4,3, для г. Орла – 2,5 : 3,4. Малые значения концентрации хлорофилла а определены для экотопов эпифитных мхов и лишайников в центральных районах и для зон воздействия передвижных источников загрязнения. Для биомасс лишайников в пробах Орла максимальное значение концентрации хлорофилла а превышает минимальную концентрацию в 7,2 раза, для хлорофилла b – в 20,1 раза. Для биомасс мхов в пробах города Орла максимальное значение концентрации хлорофилла а превышает минимальную концентрацию в 8,3 раза, хлорофилла b – в 17,9 раз. Для биомасс эпифитных бриофитов в Брянске наибольшие значения валового содержания хлорофилла а выше минимальных в 5,2 раза, хлорофилла b – в 19,6 раз. Вариабельность показателей пигментов для гаметофитов фоновых видов зелёных мхов низкая, что подтверждает достоверность данных. Вариабельность признаков для Orthotrichum spesiosum по хлорофиллу а составила 12 %, хлорофиллу b – 17%, у Pylaisia polyantha по хлорофиллу а – 14 %, хлорофиллу b – 15%, у Amblystegium serpens по хлорофиллу а – 12 %, хлорофиллу b – 14%. Вариабельность концентрации пигментов для талломов лишайников низкая, находится в пределах нормы. Вариабельность признака для Xanthoria parietina рассчитана по хлорофиллу а – 11%, хлорофиллу b – 15%, для Phiscia ciliata по хлорофиллу а – 12%, хлорофиллу b – 17%, для Phiscia pulverulenta по хлорофиллу а – 13%, хлорофиллу b – 15%, для Melanelia olivacea по хлорофиллу а – 14%, хлорофиллу b – 12%. Для биохимической индикации общего состояния воздуха можно использовать содержание показательного пигмента – хлорофилла b. Для экотопов двух крупных городов староосвоенного региона создана база данных для биохимического мониторинга с использования распространённых видов биоиндикаторов.
Concepts of Personnel Adaptation in the Works of Domestic and Foreign Scientists
Authors: Чибикова Татьяна , Chibikova Tatyana , Савченко Е. , Savchenko E.
Published: July 2018

The article deals with the evolution of the concepts of personnel adaptation, reflecting the diversity of understanding of the term in modern science. The authors focus on the dual nature of the adaptation process, which includes both the state and the process. The logical article is divided into two main sections: the concepts of foreign scientists, among which attention is paid to such names as F.U. Tailor, S.L. Rubinstein, E. Durham, J.G. Mid, T. Shibutani, and Russian authors, among which are the names mentioned: N. Sviridov, O.I. Zotova, I.K. Kryazheva, M.P. Budykina, A.A. Rusalinova, A.G. Maskalov, T.Yu. Bazarova, B.L. Eremin, A.Ya. Kibanov, P.S. Kuznetsov, P.A. Egorshina, M.A. Shabanova, A.V. Petrovskiy, etc.The authors of the article come to the conclusion that despite the diversity of the concepts considered, further study and adherence to this concept is of great interest for modern science and practice.
Gender Peculiarities of Professional Motivation and Career Orientations at Different Stages of the Professional Path
Authors: Гаспарович Е. , Gasparovich E. , Коваленко Т. , Kavalenko T. , Токарев А. , Tokarev A.
Published: July 2018

Socio and psychological researches actualize the importance of the individual’s motivation and need sphere and the importance of career planning for the successful implementation of the professional activity. Numerous studies have established that, a choice of a professional path, made consciously, an internal professional motivation and the availability of a career plan in a constructive manner aff ect the professional activity of a specialist. The study involved men and women who are at various stages of the professional path. Gender peculiarities of professional motivation of students, as well as career orientation peculiarities of experienced specialists are established. The information obtained will help the specialists of the personnel management center to elaborate programs for the development of professional motivation and career planning, to take into account the gender specifi city of specialists and avoid professional crises.
Challenges and Trends in the Labor Market: Synergy and Soft Skills Synergy
Authors: Чуланова Оксана , Chulanova Oksana
Published: July 2018

The article presents the main challenges of our time regarding the prospects of the labor market. The directions of the reorientation of the labor market needs for universal competencies have been determined. The proposed “Boston Consulting Group” target model of competences 2025 is described. The role of soft skills in the target competency model is defi ned. The conclusion is supported that a systematic approach to the development of human capital, the system of retraining and retraining, the transition to the logic of talent management, rather than cadres. The article presents information on the Agency launching strategic initiatives (ASI) in Russia, the online platform “University of STI 20.35”, whose task will be to train personnel for the digital economy. In the process of preparing graduates, two clusters of competences are planned: a cluster of soft skills and end-to-end technologies. The article analyzes the competencies evaluated in the process of conducting the “Leaders of Russia” competition (again, the dominant role of soft skills is emphasized). The article presents the conceptual foundations of CDIO engineering education in terms of developing soft skills. The author’s vision of the integration of hard skills and soft skills in the training of engineering students in Surgut State University for the preparation of competitive graduates is presented.
Aquagenic pruritus
Authors: Sharma Neel
Published: July 2018

A 24-year-old man presented to his GP with a 3-week history of pruritus confined to the palms of his hands within minutes of bathing or showering. He stated that his symptoms generally regressed within 45 minutes. The pruritus occurred regardless of water temperature and he denied any allergy to soaps or shampoos.
SOIL REINFORCEMENT AND EC7 (202x)
Authors: Vaníček Martin
Published: July 2018

Soil reinforcement is not really covered in current version of Eurocode 7 and therefore during the proposals for 2nd generation of EC7 the soil reinforcement was highly promoted for inclusion in new EC7 based on the comments from practising engineers. In new EC7 which is now being written in newly created part 3 there will be next to other clauses also complete clause on Reinforced Ground. The paper will inform on the proposed contents of this clause.
Modelación dinámica de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos en la reserva forestal productora Thomas van der Hammen
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez David Mauricio , Beltrán Julio
Published: July 2018

El propósito de este estudio fue realizar una modelación dinámica de la oferta y demanda de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos en relación con el cambio de uso del suelo por expansión urbana, en la reserva forestal productora Thomas van der Hammen, en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se analizó el crecimiento poblacional, cambio de uso del suelo y de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos. La modelación dinámica se desarrolló utilizando el programa Vensim PLE®. Como resultados, se observó que para el año 2060 la reserva presentaría pérdida, cambio o deterioro en 68.75% del área que oferta bienes y servicios ecosistémicos de mantenerse las tasas actuales de cambio de uso del suelo. Además, se duplicaría la población al interior de la reserva para el periodo 2055-2056 y se perdería el agua sub-superficial como bien y servicio de provisión. Se discutió la relación existente entre la expansión urbana y el efecto negativo expresado en el deterioro de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos.
La modelización en la enseñanza de las ciencias: criterios de demarcación y estudio de caso
Authors: Aragón-Núñez Lourdes , Jiménez-Tenorio Natalia , Oliva-Martínez José María , Aragón-Méndez Maria del Mar
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se demarcan, en primer lugar, distintos elementos característicos de los enfoques de enseñanza mediante modelización a partir de una revisión de la bibliografía existente. En segundo lugar, se analiza mediante los mismos una propuesta didáctica constituida por un total de 29 actividades y planteada para el estudio del sistema sol-tierra, más concretamente del fenómeno de las estaciones, con maestros de educación primaria en formación inicial. Se trataba de comprobar, con ello, en qué medida el diseño seguido podría situarse dentro del marco de enseñanza por modelización, y extraer de ahí fortalezas y debilidades que permitan una mejora del contenido y la estructura del mismo.
Studi Proyeksi Kebutuhan Fasilitas Sisi Darat Dan Pengembangan Kota Bandar Udara Ahmad Yani Di Kota Semarang
Authors: Wikrana Putra Pindyandito Surya
Published: July 2018

Ahmad Yani Airport that located in Semarang City is the gateway and transit point for the cities around Semarang. These things made number of passengers and goods are increasing in the Ahmad Yani Airport. The existence Obstacle of Limitation Surfaces on Ahmad Yani Airport did not obstruct the city and the building development therefore it can be built around the airport. The passenger and goods growth rate development Ahmad Yani Airport are not matched by the infrastructure and non-flight facilities growth. In the result of it, there are deficiencies of landside facilities and airport support facilities as a central air transportation. OLS existence is still regarded as a obstruct city growth. This study uses quantitative methods by projection analysis of passengers and flight flow data in previous years. The results are used to find the range of the airport number of passengers and airport facilities volume requirements in the future. The results showed that the rush hour number of passengers at Ahmad Yani Airport is 2864 people and the sum total of passengers per year 57,727,482 in 2035. Terminal area needs a minimum of 12,626 m2 and 38,556 m2 of parking area. The Ahmad Yani Airport required the most supporting room facilities, such as; concession airport room, parking area, pedestrian path, airport hotel, and followed by other facilities. Superimpose and normative analysis showed that the potential placement for the new airport facilities is on the north Ahmad Yani Airport runway.
Preferensi Penghuni Terhadap Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal di Rusunawa Marunda, Kecamatan Cilincing Jakarta Utara
Authors: Ramadhan Juniarto , Manaf Asnawi
Published: July 2018

This research was conducted by the phenomena of Jakarta Regional Government's policy on city planning, which reduces slums by relocating residents in illegal slum areas. The relocation was excellent, resulting in revitalization of illegal slum area while restorating its function as green spaces, water catchment area, and river engineering to reduce annual flood which was an annual disaster in Jakarta. The relocation was executed around Pluit Reservoir, Fish Market, and KaliJodo, where slums were relocated to Rusunawa, a government-subsidized flats in Jakarta. Rusunawa Marunda is one of them.This study aims to determine the resident preferences in occupying Rusunawa Marunda. Points to be analyzed are 1) Physical characteristics of Rusunawa Marunda, 2) Resident characteristics of Rusunawa Marunda, 3) Occupants' preference to stay in Rusunawa Marunda. Characteristic identification of the residents were analysed using mixed method with sequential transformative strategy. Several chosen variables were analyzed using Crosstab analysis to find correlations between indicators. The occupant preference factor were analysed using descriptive analysis of quantitative and analytical weighting (Likert). A comparation between low income occupants (MBR) and the general occupants (non-MBR) shows that the level of preference of these two type of inhabitants are very diverse, as physical quality and settlement in Rusunawa is better and more comfortable than their home before. However, social significant changes on residents do occur after occupying Rusunawa especially in wealth aspects, where new residents who do not have permanent jobs, lack of education and skills are forced to change profession and had to find new source of income. Thus, becoming a major influence in the reduction of family income.
The relationship between media use and public opinion on immigrants and refugees: A Belgian perspective
Authors: Coninck David De , Matthijs Koen , Debrael Marlies , Joris Willem , Cock Rozane De , d’Haenens Leen
Published: July 2018

Belgium, and Europe in general, has seen a strong increase in the number of refugees arriving over the past three years. At the same time we also note an increasing polarization of Belgian public opinion on this subject. Among the main actors to shape this public opinion are news media, as they contribute to or combat stereotyping of (sub)groups in the population. The purpose of the current study is to analyze to which extent media consumption and trust have an impact on public opinion on two minority groups – immigrants and refugees – in a representative sample of the Belgian adult population (n = 1500). We gathered data on Belgian news media consumption and trust, and attitudes on immigrants and refugees through an online questionnaire. The results indicate that Belgian adults hold more positive attitudes on immigrants than on refugees. The reading of quality online newspapers as well as high levels of trust in television and radio are correlated with a positive attitude towards both groups, whereas the consumption of commercial television and popular newspapers go along with a negative attitude. Fear of terrorism (negative relation) and a negative evaluation of media coverage of refugees (positive relation) also have a sizeable influence. In terms of regional differences within Belgium, we find that citizens in the Brussels Capital Region hold more positive attitudes towards both groups than those in Flanders and Wallonia.
A Case of Subconjunctival Dirofilariasis in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoyanova Nina S.
Published: July 2018

We report a case of subconjunctival invasion of Dirofilaria repens in a woman from Southern Bulgaria. Dirofilariasis is an extremely rare parasitic disease for Bulgaria. It occurs as an endemic parasitosis in the Mediterranean countries. It is caused by helminths of the genus Dirofilaria, which are parasites in dogs, cats, foxes, wolves – the final hosts of the parasite. It may very rarely occur in humans, the infection triggered by a bite of bloodsucking mosquitoes, which are the intermediate hosts of Dirofilaria. The clinical forms of dirofilariasis in humans are subcutaneous, pulmonary and ocular, the brain, testes and mammary glands being rarely affected. A 51-year-old patient presented with migrating edema in the area of the left temple and upper eyelid, with redness and swelling of the conjunctiva, as well as a subjective sense of movement under the eyelid of the left eye, lasting for about ten days. The subconjunctival localization of a moving 9.5-cm nematode was established, it was surgically removed and histologically studied. This case of ocular subconjunctival dirofilariasis is of clinical interest due to the rarely observed pathology.
Progressive Scoliosis and Syringomyelia - Questions of Surgical Approach
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy Mikhail , Stupak Vyacheslav , Belozerov Vadim , Fomichev Nikolay , Lutsik Anatoliy , Afanasyev Leonid , Bondarenko Anatoliy , Krutko Alexandr , Dolzhenko Dmitriy , Zaidman Alla , Larkin Valeriy , Narodov Andrey , Novokshonov Alexander , Rabinovich Samuil , Rerikh Victor , Prokhorenko Valeriy , Falameeva Olga , Shevtsov Vladimir , Sadovoy Mikhail
Published: July 2018

Background: The rate of scoliosis in syringomyelia patients ranges from 25 to 74.4%. In turn, syringomyelia occurs in 1.2% to 9.7% of scoliosis patients.

Aim: To evaluate outcomes of surgical correction of the scoliotic deformity in syringomyelia patients.

Materials and methods: Between 1996 and 2015, 3120 patients with scoliosis of various etiologies were treated at the Clinic for Child and Adolescent Vertebrology of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. We conducted a retrospective analysis of syringomyelia-associated scoliosis cases that required surgical correction.

Results: Syringomyelia was found in 33 patients (1.05%) out of 3120 patients with spinal deformities of various etiologies; in 21 patients (0.9%) with idiopathic scoliosis of 2334 patients. In identifying the neurological deficit, the recommended first step is to perform neurosurgery. Nineteen patients were operated using the CDI, 4 patients underwent correction VEPTR, in 1 case instrumentation could not be established, 9 patients are undergoing treatment in the department of neurosurgery at the moment. Worsening of neurological deficits was not observed in any patient.

Conclusion: A comparison of the results of syringomyelia-associated scoliosis correction with the data of other authors was done. The choice of surgery tactics is strictly individual and depends on the size of the cavity. The result of surgical intervention is generally positive and the loss of correction by the end of follow-up is negligible.
Complementary medicine for laboring women: a qualitative study of the effects of reflexology
Authors: Arnon Zahi , Dor Asnat , Bazak Hadar , Attias Samuel , Sagi Shlomi , Balachsan Shoshana , Schiff Elad
Published: July 2018

Background

Despite pharmacological interventions, labor pain and anxiety still remain a challenge, and can carry long-term psychological complications. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of reflexology on these symptoms and to explore the physical and psychological components of women’s experience associated with this treatment.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted in an Israeli university hospital that offers integrative medicine services. Reflexology was offered to laboring women in the hospital, by the medical staff. In-depth, open interviews were conducted with 36 women, still in hospital, who consented to be interviewed, within 48 h after delivery. Questions referred to their labor experience with reflexology treatment.

Results

Of the 36 participants, 34 (94%) described a positive and empowering experience. They reported reduced pain and anxiety, and an increased sense of self-efficacy brought about by the ability to become active and manage labor.

Conclusions

Using reflexology as one of the complementary medicine treatment available can contribute greatly to the entire labor experience as it empowers women and increases self-confidence and ability to self-manage labor and delivery.
Städtebünde auf Sizilien von der Spätarchaik bis zur späten Kaiserzeit
Authors: Vitale Marco
Published: July 2018

Nach einer von Athen beförderten literarisch-philosophischen Tradition scheint überwiegend die Herrschaft einzelner den Greek way of politics in Sizilien geprägt zu haben: Als Charakteristikum der sikeliotischen Staatenwelt werden die häufigen Verfassungswechsel von der Oligarchie in die Tyrannis herausgehoben. Insbesondere im Rahmen zwischenstädtischer Bündnisse (symmachiai) gegen die im Westteil der Insel herrschenden Punier zeigt sich jedoch an den Fallbeispielen von Akragas und Syrakus, dass der jeweilige Bürgerverband durch seine beschlussfähigen Polis-Gremien etwa in Bezug auf die Mehrheitswahl der mit außerordentlichen Kompetenzen ausgestatteten Funktionsträger (strategoi autokratores,aisymnetai) am politischen Leben aktiv teilnahm. Das spätarchaische und klassische Sizilien bot für die Bildung eines provinzialrömischen Städtebunds (concilium civitatiumSiculorum,commune Siciliae,ceivitates Siciliae) genügend föderale Vorstrukturen.
Pratarmė
Authors: Stonkuvienė Irena
Published: July 2018

[tekstas lietuvių kalba]
Debating Ethical Research with Human Subjects
Authors: Roulston Kathryn , Preissle Judith
Published: July 2018

[full article in English]

Drawing on our experience serving on an ethics review board in the United States, two scholars present three fictionalized examples to illustrate three issues in reviewing research proposals for the protection of human subjects. These are (1) the impetus for the creation of new knowledge on topics of significance, especially involving those considered to be vulnerable participants, (2) balancing the needs of novice and experienced researchers to design studies that contribute to their fields of interest while protecting the interests of participants and (3) disagreements among board members on the requirements for responsible conduct of research. Recommendations are provided for ethical review to the faculty who supervise student research as well as new scholars submitting proposals for ethical review.
Galvos smegenų traumą patyrusių asmenų pažintinių gebėjimų sąsajos su gyvenimo kokybe
Authors: Ivleva Viktorija , Jurkuvėnas Vytautas
Published: July 2018

Galvos smegenų trauma ne tik sutrikdo žmogaus fizinę sveikatą, bet ir turi neigiamą įtaką pažintiniams gebėjimams. Esama įrodymų, kad tokios traumos padariniai neigiamai siejasi ir su asmens gyvenimo kokybe, tačiau tyrimų duomenys neretai yra nevienareikšmiai ir prieštaringi. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti patyrusių galvos smegenų traumą ir jos nepatyrusių asmenų pažintinių gebėjimų ryšį su gyvenimo kokybe. Tyrime dalyvavo 46 Respublikinėje Vilniaus universitetinėje ligoninėje ir Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Kauno klinikose besigydantys asmenys, kuriems buvo diagnozuota lengvo sunkumo galvos smegenų trauma (pagal Glasgow komos skalę 13–15 balų). Kontrolinę tyrimo imtį sudarė 60 sveikų asmenų. Tyrimo dalyvių amžius – nuo 20 iki 81 metų (M = 44,60, SD = 15,49). Iš tyrimo dalyvių 51 buvo vyras (48,1 %) ir 55 moterys (51,9 %).Tyrimo metu buvo naudoti atminties (HVLT-R), sekos sudarymo (angl. Trail-making-test) testai, skirti tirti dėmesį, jo perkėlimo greitį ir vykdomąsias funkcijas, bei sutrumpintas gyvenimo kokybės klausimynas (WHOQOL BREF). Tyrimo metu buvo nustatyta, kad abiejų imčių pažintiniai gebėjimai nėra susiję su subjektyviai vertinama gyvenimo kokybe, tačiau galvos smegenų traumą patyrę asmenys prasčiau vertina savo fizinę sveikatą, palyginti su kontroline grupe. Nagrinėjant tyrimo dalyvių pažintinių gebėjimų skirtumus, nustatyta, kad galvos smegenų traumą patyrę asmenys pasižymi prastesniais pažintiniais gebėjimais nei sveiki. Taip pat nustatytas amžiaus ir išsilavinimo ryšys su rezultatais.
Implicitinis ir eksplicitinis požiūris į naudojimąsi „Facebooku“
Authors: Meilutė - Ribokė Monika , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė
Published: July 2018

Straipsnyje pristatomi tyrimo, kuriuo siekta išsiaiškinti implicitinį ir eksplicitinį požiūrį į naudojimąsi „Facebooku“, rezultatai. Apklausta 210 vienos gimnazijos mokinių. Jų amžius buvo nuo 17 iki 19 metų, 41,4 % – vaikinai, 58,6 % – merginos. Implicitiniam požiūriui matuoti buvo pasitelktas vieno atributo implicitinių asociacijų testas (SA-IAT), o eksplicitiniam – 21 teiginio klausimynas apie požiūrį į naudojimąsi„Facebooku“ (Kokoç & Çiçek, 2011). Buvo atskleista, kad jaunuolių, besinaudojančių „Facebooku“, požiūris į jo naudojimą teigiamesnis nei tų, kurie neturi susikūrę savo paskyros šiame tinkle. Be to, eksplicitinis požiūris yra susijęs su prisijungimų dažniu ir laiku, praleistu prie šio socialinio tinklo, ir padeda prognozuoti „Facebooko“ paskyros turėjimą. Implicitinio požiūrio sąsajų su elgesiu bei skirtumų tarp turinčių paskyrą ir jos neturinčių jaunuolių rasti nepavyko. Taip pat šis požiūris nėra prognozuojantis veiksnys, tačiau, nagrinėjant reakcijos greičio skirtumus, pastebėta, kad turintys paskyrą jaunuoliai greičiau susieja „Facebooką“ su malonumu.
A New Type of Plasma Accelerator with Closed Electron Drift
Authors: Litovko I. V. , Dobrovolsky A. N. , Naiko L. V. , Naiko I. V.
Published: July 2018

A new type of plasma accelerator with closed electron drift and open walls has been studied further. In particular, the current-voltage characteristics in various operation modes are obtained. Two operation modes, low- and high-current ones, with specific parameters are revealed. To make the earlier proposed physical mathematical model more adequate to the experiment, a hybrid model, in which the dynamics of neutrals and ions is described by kinetic equations, is applied. The distribution of the electric potential in the accelerating gap is numerically obtained. An insignificant difference between the potential distributions in the hydrodynamic and hybrid models consisting in higher potential gradients in the hybrid model is found.
As argumentações enunciativas
Authors: Carel Marion
Published: July 2018

É por oposição à noção de representação que se define geralmente a enunciação. Nossos enunciados ao mesmo tempo representariam o mundo e comunicariam a atitude do locutor em relação a essa representação: este último poderia avaliar em termos de verdadeiro e de falso (Frege), declará-la desejável, ameaçadora (Bally), utilizá-la para ordenar, prometer, pressupor (Austin), ou ainda dá-la como o pensamento de outro (Bally). Ducrot, sabe-se, opôs-se a essa separação e, muito particularmente, à hipótese de que se poderia isolar, no interior do sentido de um enunciado, uma representação do mundo totalmente desvencilhada, limpa, de apreciações do locutor (ver, por exemplo, Ducrot (1993)). A Teoria da Argumentação na Língua, depois a Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS) foram construídas para dar um sentido positivo a essa rejeição de Ducrot. Assim, segundo a TBS, os conteúdos de nossos enunciados são assimiláveis a encadeamentos argumentativos.
Ambiguities in existing Iranian national policies addressing excessive gaming
Authors: Shadloo Behrang , Farnam Rabert , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Hamzehzadeh Marziyeh , Rafiemanesh Hosein , Jobehdar Maral Mardaneh , Ghani Kamyar , Rahimi Jamileh , Sangchooli Arshiya , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
Published: July 2018

Considering the scarcity of available science and controversies around effective policies addressing gaming disorder and its health-related consequences, Király et al. have conducted a systematic review on current evidence regarding this issue. We, a group of researchers in this field, would like to express our perspective from Iran. With rapid growth of gaming, Iran seems to be facing some specific policy issues and challenges, which are going to be reviewed in this short commentary.