bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La música sacra en Castilla en la baja Edad Media: Documentación sobre maestros de capilla, cantores, órganos y organistas de la catedral de Cuenca (1195-1496)
Authors: De la Fuente Charfolé José Luis
Published: January 2017

Este artículo desglosa las líneas maestras que determinan la actividad musical en la catedral de Santa María la Mayor de Cuenca y su implicación en el desarrollo general de la música sacra y polifonía hispana de la Baja Edad Media. Tras un detenido proceso de documentación se ha conseguido extraer un conjunto de datos musicológicamente relevantes, que prueban la existencia de una intensa y desconocida actividad musical iniciada durante el episcopado de Juan Cabeza de Vaca.
Vida y muerte de un maestro de canto llano de la catedral de Sevilla en el siglo XVI: El tratadista Luis de Villafranca
Authors: Bejarano Pellicer Clara
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo se propone trazar el perfil sociológico de Luis de Villafranca, maestro de capilla en funciones y maestro de mozos de coro en la catedral de Sevilla del siglo XVI, fundamentalmente a través de fuentes notariales, prestando especial atención a su testamento. La influencia que ejerce la actividad musical sobre el perfil social de una persona y viceversa en el siglo XVI español es el principal interés de esta investigación.
L’ arxiu musical del monestir de l’Encarnación de Madrid a Montserrat
Authors: Codina Daniel
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo investiga los avatares históricos de la compra por parte del monasterio benedictino de Montserrat del archivo musical del convento madrileño de la Encarnación de agustinas recoletas. Razones políticas, y fecha (año 1932, durante la segunda república), que explican el secretismo que envolvió el asunto. También se anota la lista de compositores y lista de maestros de capilla, así como se da cuenta de los libros corales que se incluyeron en el lote, especialmente, los de los músicos flamencos de la corte de Felipe II.

[ca] S’estudien les vicissituds històriques de la compra de l’arxiu musical de la Encarnación de Madrid per part del Monestir de Montserrat juntament amb les raons polítiques que van crear un clima de secret d’aquest afer; s’hi anoten els noms dels compositors de què consta l’arxiu de la Capella així com s’estableix la llista dels mestres de capella. A més s’anoten les altres parts (cantorals de polifonia antiga d’autors flamencs de la cort de Felip II i altres) que anaven amb l’arxiu.
Presencia y significado del organero Felipe Uriarte en la provincia de Valladolid durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Palacios Sanz José Ignacio
Published: January 2017

La actividad organera en la provincia de Valladolid tuvo uno de los momentos más álgidos a comienzos del siglo XVIII con Felipe Urarte, maestro que incorpora los avances aparecidos en los últimos años del seiscientos, y que podemos ver y escuchar en los órganos de Tordesillas, fundamentalmente, Medina del Campo, Pozaldez y Olmedo.
Los bailes de jaleo, precedentes directos de los bailes flamencos
Authors: Berlanga Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2017

En este artículo se estudia la conexión histórica entre el baile flamenco y un tipo de danzas a sólo que cobraron especial auge entre el último tercio del siglo XVIII y la primera mitad del XIX, de las que se argumenta también conexiones con algunas antiguas danzas del teatro español. Aunque con caracteres distintivos cada una de ellas (zorongos, vitos, olés, cachuchas…), algunos rasgos comunes justifican su designación conjunta como jaleos, bailes de jaleo, danzas mixtas o danzas teatrales andaluzas.
Además de argumentar que las tiranas fueron la principal designación genérica de las canciones de los jaleos teatrales, se propone que los primeros bailes flamencos pueden considerarse jaleos populares agitanados, y que su progresivo perfeccionamiento técnico les vino en buena parte de su continuado contacto con los jaleos teatrales.
Tradición y melodismo en el género chico: La producción lírica de José Serrano
Authors: Blasco Magraner José Salvador , Bueno Camejo Francisco Carlos , Torner Feltrer Fernando
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo analiza los rasgos característicos de la obra lírica del maestro José Serrano Simeón, probablemente el compositor de zarzuelas más relevante del siglo XX, así como las opiniones que la crítica especializada de la época llevó a cabo sobre su insigne producción. La riqueza melódica de sus obras, que tenía su origen en la música popular española, la variedad rítmica de las mismas y su sencilla y eficaz instrumentación son tan sólo algunos de los rasgos más representativos de su magna obra.
Crosshole and downhole seismics: a new quality assurance tool for jet grout columns
Authors: Guerreros J.C. Galindo , Niederleithinger Ernst , Mackens Sonja , Fechner Thomas
Published: January 2017

Sealing and strengthening of the subsoil by grout injection is a major issue in the field of geotechnical engineering. One commonly applied method is jet grouting, which allows creating columns of grouted soil by eroding and mixing the in‐situ soil with a thin cement suspension. A general difficulty linked with this method is in predicting the resulting column diameter and its material strength. In this paper, we illustrate the application of a newly developed non‐destructive quality assurance tool used to determine the diameter of jet grout columns. This approach incorporates standard crosshole and downhole seismic measurements. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we tested the new approach within two‐dimensional finite‐difference numerical simulations. Additional field tests showed that this tool is also applicable in real site conditions. For this purpose, three jet grout columns were produced with different process parameters in a depth between 3 and 10 m. The evaluated diameters were within 1 and 1.5 m, slightly deviating from the previously predicted range by the jet grouting contractor. Moreover, we were able to detect the base of the columns at a 10‐m depth with no significant difficulties. On the other hand, unsaturated, less compacted sands between the groundwater level and surface considerably affected the seismic data, hence complicating the detection of the top of the columns.
Les toponymes paléo-babyloniens de la Haute-Mésopotamie
Authors: Ziegler Nele , Langlois Anne-Isabelle
Published: January 2017

Le premier volume des Matériaux pour l'étude de la toponymie et de la topographie (MTT) représente un des résultats de la coopération franco-allemande concernant la géographie historique de la Haute-Mésopotamie au IIe millénaire avant notre ère. Les trois tomes livrent les données archéologiques et textuelles en préalable à l’étude de l'histoire politique et sociale de la région.

Ces trois volumes sont également disponibles en version papier publiée par la Sépoa.

Le présent ouvrage MTT I/1 livre les attestations contenues dans les textes, une bibliographie sélective ainsi qu'un commentaire synthétique pour près de 700 toponymes situés en Haute-Mésopotamie à l’époque paléo-babylonienne. Pour certains d’entre eux, leurs identifications avec des toponymes de la documentation médio-assyrienne ou avec des sites archéologiques sont proposées et dirigent l’utilisateur vers les volumes MTT I/2 et I/3.
The Thermophysical Bases of Monitoring of the Fireproof Lining Wear in the Blast Furnace Hearth
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Zolotykh M.O. , Chen K. , Vitkina Galina Yu.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a two-dimensional description of the temperature field in refractory lining of the hearth in the blast furnace. The mathematical model is based on Fourier differential heat conduction equation. Different solutions of this equation are presented and the optimal quantity and location of thermosensors in the hearth is proposed. This paper also presents a methodology to obtain the heat conductivity of refractory materials.
Automatized Estimation of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials
Authors: Javanbakht Zia , Hall Wayne , Öchsner Andreas
Published: January 2017

In the current study, the representative volume element (RVE) is used to model randomly generated nanocomposite structures consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in an epoxy resin matrix. The finite element Method is utilized for numerical simulations and investigation of the influential parameters on the generated RVEs. In order to automatize the whole procedure - fromgenerating the finite element models to conducting the analyses - a subroutine-based programming approach is adopted using the MSC Marc finite element package and Fortran programming language. The simulations can successfully predict the increase in thermal conductivity of CNT-reinforced nanocomposites by increasing the fiber volume fraction.
Analysis of the Fluid Diffusion Characteristics in Platelet Pre-Mixer
Authors: Shen Bin Xian , Liu Wei Qiang
Published: January 2017

Platelet mixer is a type of high-efficient equipment which can mix fluids through platelet micro-channels by cross-bedded injection. It overcomes disadvantages that the fluid is centralized around the inlet and it improves the diffusion. In this work, the platelet mixer is used for pre-mixer in a rocket engine, and the diffusion of oxygen and air in pre-mixer is analyzed. The high speed jet leads to a strong shear force near the inlet which produces counter-rotating stream-wise vortices around the jet. The angle between the direction of jet and radial direction influences both the stream-wise vortices and diffusion. The vortices intensity increases as the angle increase from 0o to 20o.
Preparation and Properties of Nanocomposite MWCNTs/Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membrane for Desalination by Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Zhao Man , Zhang Hui Feng , Huang Hai , Zhang Yu Shan
Published: January 2017

Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes incorporating carboxylic multiwall carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) were successfully synthesized by interfacial polymerization with aqueous solution of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) containing c-MWCNTs and Isopar G solution of trimesoly chloride (TMC). In order to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in polymer matrix, carboxylic groups was modified onto the pristine MWCNTs by acid mixture (sulfuric acid and nitric acid of 3:1 volume ratio) and mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide (4:1 volume ratio). The feasibility of carboxylic on MWCNTs was evaluated by FT-IR, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Apparent size distribution and suspension of c-MWCNTs showed the well dispersion condition of c-MWCNTs in water which also proved the successful carboxylic of MWCNTs. The effect of c-MWCNTs incorporation into the PA selective layer on the surface morphology, separation performance and antifouling properties of the membranes were investigated and discussed. The “leaf-like” and granules outgrowth morphology of nanocomposite was observed by SEM and the c-MWCNTs incorporated in PA layer were observed by TEM. After doping c-MWCNTs, the water flux of TFN membranes increased due to higher hydrophilicity and additional water pathways of c-MWCNTs. It is noteworthy that the TFN membrane with 0.005 wt% c-MWCNTs could exhibit water flux as high as 68.3 L·m-2·h-1 and the NaCl rejection maintained at 96.0%. Meanwhile, the TFN membrane with 0.005 wt% c-MWCNTs showed better antifouling affinity than c-MWCNTs free membrane due to the increased in hydrophilicity as well as surface negative charge. Based on the result, it can be concluded that incorporating an appropriate amount of c-MWCNTs into PA rejection layer could potentially improve the performance of TFN membrane during RO applications.
Preparation of a Light-Weight MgCaAlLiCu High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Du Xing Hao , Wang Rui , Chen Cai , Wu Bao Lin , Huang J.C.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, a light-weight equimolar MgCaAlLiCu high entropy alloy (HEA) is reported. The microstructure of the alloy cast in copper mould was composed mainly of a solid solution phase with tetragonal symmetry structure, presenting the high-entropy alloy nature. The alloy exhibited high fracture strength of 910 MPa during the room-temperature compression process. Based on thermodynamic calculation, the underlying reason for the formation of the solid solution in the MgCaAlLiCu alloy is given.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb-Zr Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Li Qiang , Ma Guang Hao , Liu Xu Yan , Tu Zhi Kang , Pan Deng
Published: January 2017

Biomedical Ti-24Nb-2Zr (at.%) alloy is prepared by powder metallurgy method including high energy mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Compact bulk specimens, with density equivalent to arc melted ones, are obtained after SPS for 10 min with sintering temperatures above 850 °C. Higher temperature sintering promotes combination of raw element powders and diffusion of element, and results in a single β phase in the obtained specimens. Microhardness, compressive strength and plasticity increase with rising sintering temperatures. As the specimens are further heat treated at 850 °C for 1h, element distribution becomes much more uniformly together with releasing of internal stress and greater solution hardening. The bulk specimens, obtained by sintering at 1100 °C and 1200 °C, shows higher strength and plasticity, which are suitable for biomedical applications. SPS technology can be used as a rapid fabrication method to prepare Ti alloy products.
Effect of Structure on Refractive Index for SiO2-B2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2-Na2O System Glass
Authors: Xu Xiao Dian , Wang Yan Hang , Zu Cheng Kui , Zhou Peng
Published: January 2017

The relationship between structure and refractive index for SiO2-B2O3- Ta2O5-ZrO2-Na2O system glasses was investigated via Raman spectrum and V-block technology. The results showed that refractive index of the borosilicate glasses is mainly influenced by network structure such as planar [BO3] triangle, [BO4] tetrahedron and [SiO4] tetrahedron. Refractive index decreases from 1.629 to 1.616 when B2O3 content increases from 15 mol% to 50 mol%. Na2O component has a strong preference to provide non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms, which not only promotes the conversion of [BO3] to [BO4] unit but also depolymerizes the network structure. The refractive index has the highest value, =1.6264, when Na2O content reaches to 28 mol%. Both ZrO2 and Ta2O5 can promote structure formation of borosilicate glasses and make higher connection degree. However, the refractive index increasing with Ta2O5 addition is quicker than that with ZrO2 addition.
Green Synthesis of Monodispersity Gold Nanoparticles with Dextran
Authors: Tang Jun Qi , Zhang Ning , Man Shi Qing
Published: January 2017

A green approach to synthesize stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) employing dextran as a reducing and stabilizing agents at different temperature was described. The obtained dextran-coated gold nanoparticles (Dex-AuNPs) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The average diameter of those resultant AuNPs at boiling bath was 12.1 nm with a relative standard deviation of less than 5.6%. UV–Vis spectra showed the presence of a surface plasmon band at 518 nm. These results suggested that the prepared Dex-AuNPs complexes had excellent monodispersity and acted as a candidate for further biomedical application.
Effect of Addition on Oxidation Resistance of Ti3SiC2 Matrix Composites
Authors: Tian Yang Li , Yin Hong Feng , Chen Jin Xue , Tang Yun , Yuan Hu Die
Published: January 2017

Ti3SiC2 and three different kinds of Ti3SiC2 matrix composites (Ti3SiC2/SiC, Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 and Ti3SiC2/MgAl2O4) were fabricated by reactive hot pressing method. The oxidation resistance of four kinds of materials at 1373 K-1773 K was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD)andscanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the main oxidation products of Ti3SiC2 were rutile and cristobalite. The oxidation layers were composed of two layers, the outer was consisted of TiO2, and the inner was a two-phase mixture of TiO2 and SiO2. A large number of pores existed in oxide layers which leading to a poor oxidation resistance. For Ti3SiC2 matrix composites, rutile grains in oxidation layers were refined due to the introduction of the second phase. The volume expansion caused by reactions between Al2O3 (or MgAl2O4) and TiO2 could close pores and improve the densification of oxide layers, which further improve the oxidation resistance of Ti3SiC2/Al2O3 and Ti3SiC2/MgAl2O4. As for the oxidation of Ti3SiC2/SiC, the SiO2 content in oxidation layers was increased from the oxidation of SiC. The dense SiO2 layer acted as a protective film which could prevent the inward diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, liquid phase under high temperature could also fill the pores in oxidation layers. Thus, Ti3SiC2/SiC composite had the best oxidation resistance among three Ti3SiC2 matrix composites.
Microstructure and Thermal Physical Properties of a β­SiCp/Al Composite for Electronic Packaging Produced by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Shi Yan Yan , Wang Xiao Gang , Liu Jun Tao
Published: January 2017

The fabrication and thermal physical properties contain thermal conductivity (TC) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) using 40%、50%、60% vol% β-SiC particle reinforced Al composite for electronic packaging respectively have been analyzed. The composites were produced by ball milling and pressing method. The composite which fabricated by tri-sized β-SiC particle with a weight ratio of 17:7:1,vol% of 50% and 60%.The dense and morphology were investigated. The relationship between volume fraction of β-SiC particle and thermal physical properties was discussed. Changed the volume fraction of β-SiC particle will led to a decreasing or increasing of TC and CTE. It found that values of TC and CTE were achieved their maximum balance when using tri-sized β-SiC particle of 160μm ,125μm as well as 38μm with a weight ratio of 17:7:1 and 50%vol of β-SiC particle reinforcing.
Metal-Organic Frameworks/Carboxyl Graphene Derived Porous Carbon as a Promising Supercapacitor Electrode Material
Authors: Mao Min Lin , Sun Li Xian , Xu Fen
Published: January 2017

A UiO-66-NO2/carboxyl graphene composite (UiO-66-NO2/CXYG) was synthesized using a simple solvothermal reaction. The composite was then calcined to obtain series of all-carbon mixture of carbonized UiO-66-NO2/reduced carboxyl graphene (CUiO-66-NO2/rCXYG). The obtained carbon materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then their electrochemical properties were systematically tested. The results indicated that UiO-66-NO2/CXYG derived Carbon-700 as an electrode for the electrochemical capacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance of 302 F g-1 in 6 M KOH at a current density of 0.15 A g-1, even 170 F g-1 at a high current of 10 A g-1 and good stability (retaining 94% capacitance after 5000 cycles). These UiO-derived porous carbon materials may offer a new insight into the various fields, such as fuel cells, supercapacitors and lithium batteries.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Quenched Fe71Cu10P10B9 Multi-Component Alloy
Authors: Qu Chang Rong , Li Xue Lian , Wang Li , Liu Jin Bao , Tong Xing Hua
Published: January 2017

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the rapidly solidified Fe71Cu10P10B9 alloy under different casting conditions is investigated based on the XRD, DSC, and SEM measurements. It is found that during rapid solidification process, Cu-rich globules precipitated in the matrix which mainly consists of α-Fe and Fe3B0.82P0.18 crystals. With increasing cooling rate, LLPS becomes weaker, leading to less precipitation of Cu-rich globules, while the microstructure of the matrix became finer. Magnetic measurements show that the saturation induction and the coercivity of the present samples increase first and then decrease with increasing cooling rate. The corresponding mechanisms related to magnetic performance are also discussed details.
Adsorptive Removal of Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Polyacrylic Acid/Attapulgite Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Zheng Yi Wei , Tao Wen Wen , Zhang Gui Fang , Lv Chao , Zhao Yi Ping , Chen Li
Published: January 2017

Polyacrylic acid/attapulgite (PAA/ATP) composite hydrogels used for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution was synthesized via radical polymerization with acrylic acid (AA) and attapulgite (ATP) modified by hydrochloric acid as adsorbent. Chemical composition of the modified ATP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the morphology of the PAA/ATP hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The swelling ratio, pH-sensitivity and adsorption performance of Ni (II) ions of the composite hydrogels were studied. The results showed the swelling ratio of the PAA/ATP composite hydrogels was higher than that of PAA hydrogels and the composite hydrogels displayed sensitivity to pH values with a sharp increase of swelling ratio when the pH values increased from 4 to 6. Comparing with PAA hydrogels, the composite hydrogels obtained a larger adsorption capacity of Ni (II) ions, the average adsorption capacity could reach 72.8 mg/g and adsorption ratio could reach 84%.
Solid Fuel Feedstock from Leaves Litter of Industrial Forestry in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Maarasyid Cici , Muhamad Ida Idayu , Nik Mahmood Nik Azmi , Zulfansyah
Published: January 2017

Currently, the ratio of rural electrification by state electricity company (PT. PLN) in Riau is approximately 58.79% which resulted in the slow growth of the rural economy. A total of 277 unit of the electricity generator owned by PT PLN with total installed capacity of 220 thousand KW is only able to meet 19% of electricity in Riau, and 81% of the rest is purchased and acquired from other units. As the region that consists of 61% forestry, Riau has the potency to utilize the biomass energy to meet the electricity in the rural area. Moreover, 43% of forestry area is the industrial production forest that supplied the wood material for two international pulp and paper industry in Riau. Majority planted vegetation to this forest types is Accacia spp and Eucalyptus spp. The leaves litter generated from Accacia and Eucalyptus vegetation reaches 4.4 and 13 tons ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The current utilization of leaves and other litter fall are just left in the area of plantation or burned after harvested. The calorific value of Accacia and Eucalyptus leaves litter are 13.33 MJ/kg and 17.26 MJ/kg, respectively. Utilization of leaves litter from the industrial forestry has a potential to meet the energy needs in Riau by 0.167 EJ/yr.
Features of Light Conversion Process with Covering Materials Containing Quantum Dots and their Application in Agriculture
Authors: Pavlov Sergey A. , Sherstneva Natalia E. , Koryakin Sergey L. , Maksimova Elena Yu. , Makovetskiy Valeriy V. , Krikushenko Vladimir V. , Antipov Evgeniy M.
Published: January 2017

Improving the efficiency of greenhouses is one of the most promising directions in development of agriculture. New perspectives in this field opened up with the development of the new methods of synthesis of a new generation of photoluminescent materials based on colloidal semiconductor photoluminophores (so-called "quantum dots"). It is shown that use of the covering materials containing quantum dots can significantly increase yields. Moreover, introduction of these quantum dots into commercial production can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the covering films used for greenhouses and slow down the process of their destruction. The durability of greenhouse films increases from 1 to 3 years.
3D-Modeling of the Distribution of Welding Aerosol Nano- and Microparticles in the Working Area
Authors: Kirichenko Konstantin Yu. , Drozd Vladimir A. , Gridasov Alexander V. , Kobylyakov Sergei P. , Kholodov A.S. , Chaika Vladimir V. , Golokhvast Kirill S.
Published: January 2017

The first results of the research of the distribution of welding aerosol nano- and microparticles in the working area based on substance and morphological analysis are presented in the paper. A 3D-model of the welding aerosol cloud demonstrating the distribution of nano- and microparticles in the working area of the welder was created using the granulometric data of the samples. The most dangerous area with maximum density of nano- and microparticles of welding fumes was singled out: 1.3 m in height and 5 meters in all directions.Welding aerosol is a disperse system in which the solid component of the welding aerosol (SCWA) acts as the phase, and the mixture of gases (gaseous component of welding aerosol, or GCWA) – as the medium. SCWA stays suspended in the air for a long time spreading far beyond the working area of a welder [1].The aim of this work was to create a 3D-model of a welding aerosol cloud, demonstrating the spread of nano- and microparticles of welding aerosol in the working area of a welder. The 3D model was created using granulometric data of samples collected by the author’s method.
Cu2O Water Dispersions and Nano-Cu2O/Fabric Composite: Preparation by Pulsed Laser Ablation, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Svetlichnyi Valery A. , Goncharova Darya A. , Shabalina Anastasiia V. , Lapin Ivan N. , Nemoykina Anna L.
Published: January 2017

Colloidal solutions of copper (I) oxide, Cu2O, were obtained by pulsed laser ablation of metallic copper target in distilled water using fundamental harmonic of Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 7 ns, 20 Hz). Nanocolloids obtained were applied to cotton fabric. Nanoparticles composition and structure were studied by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and XRD. Antibacterial activity of Cu2O nanoparticles on cotton fabric to E.coli bacteria was demonstrated in comparison with zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Use of a Suction drain in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Wijesinghe K. M. G. S. S. S. , Perera D. S. C. , Mahathanthila D. M. K. , Pallewatta A. S. , Jayasuriya C.
Published: January 2017

IntroductionThe use of a suction drain in Thyroid surgery is in common practice. This is done mainly to ‘prevent’ formation of haematomas and seromas on the Thyroid bed and subsequently to reduce complications and hospital stay. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of routine drainage after Thyroid surgery. MethodA randomized prospective control trial was conducted on 50 patients over a period of ten months. These patients were randomly allocated to drained and non-drained groups. The surgeon was informed of the group just before the closure of the wound. Post-operative ultrasound scan neck was done on second post-operative day by the Radiologist to assess the amount of fluid on the thyroid bed. Wound infection, seroma and heamatoma formation were assessed during the hospital stay and 1st and 2nd week after surgery. Post-operative pain was also assessed on postoperative day 2. The data were analysed using two sample T-test. ResultsBoth groups were homogenous according to the age, size of the gland, type of the procedure performed and histopathological diagnosis. There was no significant collection of fluid on the Thyroid bed assessed by the USS scan on day 2 in the 2 groups (P = 0.1016). But the length of hospital stay was significantly reduced amongst the non-drained group (P = 0.0002). None of the patients in either group had post-operativeseroma orheamatoma and did not require reoperation for post-operative bleeding. No significant difference in post-operative pain was observed amongst two groups (P = 0.6818). ConclusionRoutine insertion of suction drain following Thyroid surgery is not necessary. Not applying a drain to the wound, resulted in decreased hospital stay. Post-operative pain is not increased significantly by inserting a drain.
Quadriplegia following Tracheoplasty
Authors: Perera M. B. , Jayasuriya C. , Rupasinghe S. , Jayalath J. M. S.
Published: January 2017

We report a case of a 19-year-old female who with tracheal stenosis following prolonged intubation due to organophosphorous poisoning. Crico tracheal resection and end to end laryngotracheal anastomosis was done. She developed quadriplegia on the 2nd post-operative day. MRI revealed ischemic segment from C3 to T1 segments of spinal cord. We think that the decreased blood flow in the anterior spinal artery with flexion of the neck in combination with hypotension was the direct cause of this major complication. Quadriplegia is a rare complication following Tracheoplasty and should be considered included in the routine consent.
Comparison of the species richness and abundance of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) captured in aerial malaise traps with and without a bottom collector
Authors: DiGirolomo Marc F. , Dodds Kevin J.
Published: January 2017

Methods for detection and monitoring invasive insect species are continually being refined and developed. Detecting invasive pests early can improve chances of eradication or management of populations. Aerial malaise traps are successfully used in monitoring for insects such as longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). These traps have both a top and bottom collecting cup. The bottom portion of these traps leading to the collection cup collects canopy litter at a high rate, greatly increasing time required to sort through and possibly affecting the diversity and abundance of insects captured. Traps with top and bottom collecting cups were compared with traps with only top collecting cups to determine the effect on species richness and abundance of cerambycids and scolytines. There was no significant difference in species richness and abundance of cerambycids, and abundance of scolytines, however species richness of scolytines was significantly higher in top/bottom traps. We conclude that removing the bottoms from aerial malaise traps would benefit monitoring programmes that use this type of trap in combination with funnel traps, albeit with the potential loss of information on scolytine richness.
Low-Level MHC Class II Expression Leads to Suboptimal Th Cell Response, Increased Autoaggression, and Heightened Cytokine Inducibility
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Su Yu-Chia , Chang Mei-Ling , Tsai Pi-Fang , Kung John T.
Published: January 2017

The development and activation of MHC class II (MHC-II)–restricted CD4+ T cells are distinct immunological processes that are strictly MHC-II–dependent. To address their relative dependence on MHC-II, we established a novel ENU-induced mutant mouse on the C57BL/6 background, named I-A12%, with ∼8-fold reduced I-A expression on the surface of B cells, dendritic cells, cortical thymic epithelial cells, and medullary thymic epithelial cells. I-A100% and I-A12% mice are highly similar with respect to the numbers of double-positive thymocytes, CD4+CD8− T cells, regulatory T cells, CD4+ T cell marker expression, lifespan, and Th/regulatory T cell function. Despite the demonstration of functional intrathymic negative selection in I-A12% mice, transfer of I-A12% CD25−CD4+ T cells into RAG-knockout hosts revealed increased autoaggression activity against the liver. Compared to I-A100% mice, infection of I-A12% mice with graded doses of Listeria monotcytogenes or influenza virus revealed comparable and significantly reduced generation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells at high and low infection doses, respectively. A significantly weakened Ag-specific recall cytokine production response was also found for I-A12% mice previously infected with a relative low dose of L. monocytogenes. CD44hiCD4+ T cells from I-A100% and I-A12% mice previously infected with a relatively high L. monocytogenes dose displayed highly similar Ag-specific multicytokine production profiles. In contrast, polyclonal activation of endogenous memory-like I-A12% CD44hiCD4+ T cells revealed highly elevated production of multiple cytokines. Our results demonstrate that there exist distinct thresholds for different MHC-II–dependent immunological processes. The I-A12% mutant mouse model we describe in the present study is a valuable tool for investigations on the quantitative cause–effect relationship in MHC-II–dependent normal and autoimmune responses.
The Epidemiology of Severe Injuries Sustained by National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athletes, 2009–2010 Through 2014–2015
Authors: Kay Melissa C. , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Gray Aaron D. , Djoko Aristarque , Dompier Thomas P. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: January 2017

Context:

Few researchers have described the incidence of the most severe injuries sustained by student-athletes at the collegiate level.

Objective:

To describe the epidemiology of severe injuries within 25 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports in the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:

Aggregate injury and exposure data from 25 NCAA sports.

Patients or Other Participants:

Collegiate student-athletes in the 2009–2010 through 2014–2015 academic years.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Injury data from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were analyzed. A severe injury (1) occurred during a sanctioned competition or practice, (2) required medical attention by an athletic trainer or physician, and (3) resulted in at least 21 days lost from sport activity or a premature end to the sport season. Injury counts, proportions, rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

A total of 3183 severe injuries were reported, for an injury rate of 0.66/1000 AEs. Wrestling had the highest severe injury rate (1.73/1000 AEs), followed by women's gymnastics (1.40/1000 AEs) and football (0.97/1000 AEs). Overall, the severe injury rate was higher in competition than in practice (RR = 4.25, 95% CI = 3.97, 4.56). Most severe injuries were reported during the regular season (69.3%, n = 2206); however, severe injury rates did not differ between the preseason and regular season (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.91, 1.06). Common severely injured body parts were the knee (32.9%, n = 1047), lower leg/ankle/foot (22.5%, n = 715), and head/face/neck (11.2%, n = 358). Common severe injury diagnoses were sprains (32.9%, n = 1048), strains (16.9%, n = 538), and fractures (14.4%, n = 458). Common severe injury mechanisms were player contact (39.3%, n = 1251), noncontact (25.1%, n = 800), and surface contact (12.0%, n = 383).

Conclusions:

Severe injuries occurred across many sports and by numerous mechanisms. By identifying these sport-specific patterns, clinicians' efforts can be tailored toward improving injury-prevention strategies and health outcomes.
Can Sanitary Inspection Surveys Predict Risk of Microbiological Contamination of Groundwater Sources? Evidence from Shallow Tubewells in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Ercumen Ayse , Naser Abu Mohd , Arnold Benjamin F. , Unicomb Leanne , Colford John M. , Luby Stephen P.
Published: January 2017

Accurately assessing the microbiological safety of water sources is essential to reduce waterborne fecal exposures and track progress toward global targets of safe water access. Sanitary inspections are a recommended tool to assess water safety. We collected 1,684 water samples from 902 shallow tubewells in rural Bangladesh and conducted sanitary surveys to assess whether sanitary risk scores could predict water quality, as measured by Escherichia coli. We detected E. coli in 41% of tubewells, mostly at low concentrations. Based on sanitary scores, 31% of wells were low risk, 45% medium risk, and 25% high or very high risk. Older wells had higher risk scores. Escherichia coli levels were higher in wells where the platform was cracked or broken (Δlog10 = 0.09, 0.00–0.18) or undercut by erosion (Δlog10 = 0.13, 0.01–0.24). However, the positive predictive value of these risk factors for E. coli presence was low (< 50%). Latrine presence within 10 m was not associated with water quality during the wet season but was associated with less frequent E. coli detection during the dry season (relative risk = 0.72, 0.59–0.88). Sanitary scores were not associated with E. coli presence or concentration. These findings indicate that observed characteristics of a tubewell, as measured by sanitary inspections in their current form, do not sufficiently characterize microbiological water quality, as measured by E. coli. Assessments of local groundwater and geological conditions and improved water quality indicators may reveal more clear relationships. Our findings also suggest that the dominant contamination route for shallow groundwater sources is short-circuiting at the wellhead rather than subsurface transport.
Mosquito Exposure and Chikungunya and Dengue Infection Among Travelers During the Chikungunya Outbreak in the Americas
Authors: Lindholm David A. , Myers Todd , Widjaja Susana , Grant Edward M. , Telu Kalyani , Lalani Tahaniyat , Fraser Jamie , Fairchok Mary , Ganesan Anuradha , Johnson Mark D. , Kunz Anjali , Tribble David R. , Yun Heather C.
Published: January 2017

Travelers are at risk for arbovirus infection. We prospectively enrolled 267 Department of Defense beneficiaries traveling to chikungunya-outbreak regions in the Americas between December 2013 and May 2015 and assessed travel characteristics and serologic exposure to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV). Ten ill-returning travelers were also assessed retrospectively. Self-reported mosquito exposure was common (64% of 198 evaluable travelers saw mosquitoes; 53% of 201 reported ≥ 1 bite). Increased exposure was associated with active-duty travelers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6 [1.3–5.4] for seeing mosquitoes) or travelers visiting friends and relatives (VFR) (OR = 3.5 [1.0–10.0] for high-intensity bite exposure). Arbovirus infection was defined as seroconversion on plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) of pre- and posttravel sera. For ill subjects enrolled posttravel, infection was defined by a positive convalescent PRNT and/or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for CHIKV or DENV. We identified seven cases of arbovirus infection: four with CHIKV, five with DENV, and two with both. The composite attack rate for CHIKV and DENV infection was 3.7% of 108 evaluable, immunologically naïve, prospectively assessed travelers; there was serologic and/or polymerase chain reaction evidence of arbovirus infection in three of four evaluable (three of 10 total) ill-returning travelers. We identified both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Military purpose of travel and VFR travel accounted for five of seven cases. Pretravel counseling is important and should target higher risk groups. Given a shared vector between CHIKV, DENV, and Zika virus (ZIKV), this study can also help guide counseling for travelers to ZIKV-outbreak regions.
Vertical profiles of sediment methanogenic potential and communities in two plateau freshwater lakes
Authors: Yang Yuyin , Li Ningning , Wang Wei , Li Bingxin , Xie Shuguang , Liu Yong
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Microbial methanogenesis in sediment plays a crucial role in CH4 emission from freshwater lake ecosystems. However, knowledge of the layer-depth-related changes of methanogen community structure and activities in freshwater lake sediment is still limited. The present study was conducted to characterize the methanogenesis potential in different sediment-layer depths and the vertical distribution of microbial communities in two freshwater lakes of different trophic status on the Yunnan Plateau (China). Incubation experiments and inhibitor studies were carried out to determine the methanogenesis potential and pathways. 16S rRNA and mcrA genes were used to investigate the abundance and structure of methanogen and archaeal communities, respectively. Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was mainly responsible for methane production in sediments of both freshwater lakes. The layer-depth-related changes of methanogenesis potential and the abundance and community structure of methanogens were observed in both Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake. Archaeal 16S rRNA and mcrA genes displayed a similar abundance change pattern in both lakes, and the relative abundance of methanogens decreased with increasing sediment-layer depth. Archaeal communities differed considerably in Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake, but methanogen communities showed a slight difference between these two lakes. However, methanogen communities illustrated a remarkable layer-depth-related change. Order Methanomicrobiales was the dominant methanogen group in all sediments, while Methanobacteriales showed a high proportion only in upper layer sediments. The trophic status of the lake might have a notable influence on the depth-related change pattern of methanogenesis activity, while the methanogen community structure was mainly influenced by sediment depth.
Environmental control of natural gap size distribution in tropical forests
Authors: Goulamoussène Youven , Bedeau Caroline , Descroix Laurent , Linguet Laurent , Hérault Bruno
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Natural disturbances are the dominant form of forest regeneration and dynamics in unmanaged tropical forests. Monitoring the size distribution of treefall gaps is important to better understand and predict the carbon budget in response to land use and other global changes. In this study, we model the size frequency distribution of natural canopy gaps with a discrete power law distribution. We use a Bayesian framework to introduce and test, using Monte Carlo Markov chain and Kuo–Mallick algorithms, the effect of local physical environment on gap size distribution. We apply our methodological framework to an original light detecting and ranging dataset in which natural forest gaps were delineated over 30 000 ha of unmanaged forest. We highlight strong links between gap size distribution and environment, primarily hydrological conditions and topography, with large gaps being more frequent on floodplains and in wind-exposed areas. In the future, we plan to apply our methodological framework on a larger scale using satellite data. Additionally, although gap size distribution variation is clearly under environmental control, variation in gap size distribution in time should be tested against climate variability.
Process-based modelling of the methane balance in periglacial landscapes (JSBACH-methane)
Authors: Kaiser Sonja , Göckede Mathias , Castro-Morales Karel , Knoblauch Christian , Ekici Altug , Kleinen Thomas , Zubrzycki Sebastian , Sachs Torsten , Wille Christian , Beer Christian
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A detailed process-based methane module for a global land surface scheme has been developed which is general enough to be applied in permafrost regions as well as wetlands outside permafrost areas. Methane production, oxidation and transport by ebullition, diffusion and plants are represented. In this model, oxygen has been explicitly incorporated into diffusion, transport by plants and two oxidation processes, of which one uses soil oxygen, while the other uses oxygen that is available via roots. Permafrost and wetland soils show special behaviour, such as variable soil pore space due to freezing and thawing or water table depths due to changing soil water content. This has been integrated directly into the methane-related processes. A detailed application at the Samoylov polygonal tundra site, Lena River Delta, Russia, is used for evaluation purposes. The application at Samoylov also shows differences in the importance of the several transport processes and in the methane dynamics under varying soil moisture, ice and temperature conditions during different seasons and on different microsites. These microsites are the elevated moist polygonal rim and the depressed wet polygonal centre. The evaluation shows sufficiently good agreement with field observations despite the fact that the module has not been specifically calibrated to these data. This methane module is designed such that the advanced land surface scheme is able to model recent and future methane fluxes from periglacial landscapes across scales. In addition, the methane contribution to carbon cycle–climate feedback mechanisms can be quantified when running coupled to an atmospheric model.
Impact of Turnover Intention on Loneliness and the Mediating Effect of Work Alienation
Authors: Gozukara İzlem , Mercanlı A. Çiğdem , Çapuk Selçuk , Yıldırım Osman
Published: January 2017

High levels of labor turnover are considered signals of poor management for organizations. The departure of qualified employees may result in great losses in organizational terms. This research aimed to examine the relationships between turnover intention, work alienation, and loneliness. Research data were collected using surveys from 440 aviation company employees, and convenience sampling was used for participant selection. The survey included UCLA Loneliness Scale, Work Alienation Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale. The research revealed that turnover intention had an effect on loneliness and this effect of turnover intention on loneliness was fully mediated by work alienation. Accordingly, work alienation fully mediates the relationship between turnover intention and loneliness. The analyses indicate that organizations, especially in the aviation industry, should pay attention to psychological factors such as loneliness and work alienation that drive qualified employees to quit their jobs. This research contributed to the relevant literature by pointing out organizational behavior concepts that may lead to unexpected labor loss and thereby inefficiency.
A diagnosis more than skin deep: A case of late-stage pulmonary langerhans’ cell histiocytosis with skin lesions
Authors: Verson Josh , Egusquiza Alexander , Nguyen David C
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of rare diseases with a wide variety of presentations across age groups. We describe a case of pulmonary LCH diagnosed at a late stage despite having additional skin findings for several years.Case description: A 32-year-old male presented with acute exacerbation of chronic dyspnea resulting in markedly decreased functional capacity as well as cutaneous lesions. He had smoked cigarettes for 10 years with no occupational exposures. The patient also complained of a pruritic rash in his axillary and groin areas. His vitals were within normal limits. His exam was notable for diminished right lung sounds and expiratory wheezes bilaterally. A chest x-ray showed marked emphysema and bilateral upper lobe reticular opacities suggestive of scarring. Computerized tomography of the chest showed loculated right pneumothorax and hyperinflated lungs with destructive changes secondary to numerous irregular, thick walled cysts and scatteredirregular pulmonary nodules. Diagnosis was ultimately confirmed with biopsy of concomitant cutaneous lesions and characteristic radiographic findings on Chest CT. The patient started inhaled corticosteroids, inhaled anticholinergic, and inhaled short-acting beta agonists. He was sent home with oxygen and strongly encouraged to abstain from smoking.Discussion: LCH is characterized by end-organ infiltration of proliferating monoclonal Langerhans’ cells, a histiocyte involved in antigen presentation. The highest incidence of LCH is between ages 5-10 years; the adult incidence is estimated to be less than half as frequent than the pediatric, about one patient in 500,000. LCH most commonly involves the skin, bones, and lungs. Pulmonary LCH (PLCH) is interesting in that it has a peak incidence in ages 20-40 years and occurs almost exclusively in smokers (> 90% of cases). Conclusion: Smoking cessation is the cornerstone of management of PLCH. It has been hypothesized that tobacco smoke can incite the production of cytokines by alveolar macrophages, leading to increased recruitment of histiocytes to the lung parenchyma. In isolated pulmonary pathology, lung transplant with smoking cessation is often curative.