bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attempts for deriving extended pluripotent stem cells from common marmoset embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yoshimatsu Sho , Nakajima Mayutaka , Sonn Iki , Natsume Rie , Sakimura Kenji , Nakatsukasa Ena , Sasaoka Toshikuni , Nakamura Mari , Serizawa Takashi , Sato Tsukika , Sasaki Erika , Deng Hongkui , Okano Hideyuki
Published: December 2022

Extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs) derived from mice and humans showed an enhanced potential for chimeric formation. By exploiting transcriptomic approaches, we assessed the differences in gene expression profile between extended EPSCs derived from mice and humans, and those newly derived from the common marmoset (marmoset; Callithrix jacchus). Although the marmoset EPSC‐like cells displayed a unique colony morphology distinct from murine and human EPSCs, they displayed a pluripotent state akin to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as confirmed by gene expression and immunocytochemical analyses of pluripotency markers and three‐germ‐layer differentiation assay. Importantly, the marmoset EPSC‐like cells showed interspecies chimeric contribution to mouse embryos, such as E6.5 blastocysts in vitro and E6.5 epiblasts in vivo in mouse development. Also, we discovered that the perturbation of gene expression of the marmoset EPSC‐like cells from the original ESCs resembled that of human EPSCs. Taken together, our multiple analyses evaluated the efficacy of the method for the derivation of marmoset EPSCs.
Are Christians Theologically Committed to a Rejection of the Principle of Alternative Possibilities?
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W.
Published: December 2022

Many philosophers think that free will requires alternative possibilities. Other philosophers deny this. There are plenty of philosophical arguments on both sides of this debate, but here I want to highlight various theological pressures that might push Christians into rejecting the principle of alternative possibilities. In this paper, I explore six cases that might push Christians in that direction: the case of divine foreknowledge, the case of prophecy, the case of the blessed in heaven, the case of Christ's human freedom, the case of Mary's fiat in light of her immaculate conception, and the case of prayers for the past. As I will argue, in each of these cases, given certain other standard theological commitments, it seems that Christians are pushed to admit that the agent in question does indeed act freely but also that he or she did not possess alternative possibilities at the moment of decision.
Substance use outcomes among individuals with severe mental illnesses receiving assertive community treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Abufarsakh Bassema , Kappi Amani , Pemberton Kylie M. , Williams Lovoria B. , Okoli Chizimuzo T.C.
Published: December 2022

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a multidisciplinary treatment approach to support people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in their recovery. While the majority of ACT recipients report co‐morbid substance use issues, limited reviews have evaluated the impact of receiving ACT services on substance use outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of ACT involvement on substance use outcomes among people with SMI. A systematic literature search was conducted including articles published prior to April 2021. Twenty‐nine studies were included in this review. Of them, 15 studies implemented a controlled design (six studies demonstrated high quality) and 14 studies implemented a cohort design. From a synthesis of the reviewed studies, five areas of changes associated with substance use emerged including reduced alcohol and drug use severity, lower prevalence of alcohol and drug use, increased stage of change in substance use treatment, and fewer days of hospitalization and intoxication. Thus, future studies should examine the integration of substance use treatment services as part of ACT interventions for opportunities to enhance recovery outcomes among individuals with SMI.
Nursing students' attitudes regarding euthanasia due to unbearable mental suffering: Cross‐sectional study using the adapted and validated Euthanasia Attitude Scale
Authors: Demedts Dennis , Cools Wilfried , Fobelets Maaike , Tricas‐Sauras Sandra , Bilsen Johan
Published: December 2022

Aim

To explore final year nursing students' attitudes towards euthanasia due to unbearable mental suffering by using the adapted and validated Euthanasia Attitude Scale.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Explorative, descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted using an e‐mail survey between October 2020 and March 2021 by a sample of final‐year baccalaureate nursing students (n = 273) from eight of the eleven Flemish university colleges. The actual questionnaire contains 21 questions and was developed based on a consensus reached following independent translations. The psychometric properties of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale were assessed, including reliability and validity. Independent‐sample Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to investigate relation between demographic and education‐related data, and domain and total score of the UMS‐EAS‐NL. This study received ethical approval from the Ethical Committee of the University Hospital Brussels, Belgium.

Results

McDonald's omega was 0.838 for the total Euthanasia Attitude Scale scores, supporting the validity of the questionnaire. A statistically significant difference in ‘Naturalistic beliefs’ score was found relating to the year of birth. There are clinically important results between those students who have been involved in euthanasia and those who have not.

Conclusions

Most of the final‐year nursing students supported the probability of patients' access to euthanasia due to unbearable mental suffering. To monitor adequate care, it is necessary to prepare nursing students adequately for this complex matter.

Impact

To date, no large‐scale study has examined nursing students' attitudes towards euthanasia because of unbearable mental suffering. It is expected that nursing students may be confronted with such a euthanasia request during an internship, or later in their professional career, in countries where euthanasia is legal. Students showed a high acceptability towards UMS‐euthanasia. Clinically significant differences were found for students who had ever been involved in euthanasia.
Blacklisting and the EU as a Global Regulator: The Institutionally Predisposed Norm Breaker
Authors: Jarlebring Johannes
Published: December 2022

The European Union (EU) is commonly considered to be a regulatory great power that projects external influence based on the power vested in its internal market. Relatively little is known, however, about why and when the EU mobilises its market power to put direct pressure on non‐cooperative countries in regulatory matters. This article examines a critical case of such power projection: the ‘blacklisting’ of third countries. Testing expectations drawn from some of the main theories of EU power, it finds that elite action to promote the rule of law best explains why the EU uses blacklisting, whereas bottom‐up stakeholder pressure explains when this technique is used. A combination of the theories can therefore explain the puzzling pattern of where blacklisting schemes were set up with reference to EU norms and pegged to international law but eventually applied quasi‐exclusively to tiny third countries. These findings call for further research on EU market power.
Feasibility of social cognitive theory‐based fall prevention intervention for people with intellectual disabilities living in group‐home
Authors: Choi P. , Motl R. W. , Agiovlasitis S.
Published: December 2022

Background

Adults with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher rate of fall events than the general population. Consequently, interventions for reducing fall events and improving health are highly required for individuals with ID. One essential step towards effectively delivering fall prevention interventions among adults with ID involves evaluating their feasibility. This study examined the feasibility of a home‐based exercise intervention, supplemented with behavioural change strategies, among individuals with ID living in residential settings.

Method

This study provided an 8‐week intervention, consisting of a workshop for support workers and sessions for participants with ID, focusing on behavioural reward/s, education regarding fall prevention/exercise and exercise training. One week prior to and 1 week following such an intervention, such participants underwent measurements for (1) physical performance, (2) fall efficacy, (3) self‐efficacy for activity and (4) social support.

Results

Participants having ID (n = 33), support workers (n = 11) and one administrator participated in this study. There were no adverse events during the intervention, and the mean adherence rate was 70.8 ± 19.5%. Two participants with ID dropped out of the programme due to a lack of interest. The participants with ID significantly improved individual physical performance, self‐efficacy for activity, fall efficacy and support from friends and support workers.

Conclusions

Fall prevention interventions for adults with ID living in group‐homes were highly promising for eventual large‐scale implementation within such communities.
Efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia or sleep disturbance in pregnant women: A systematic review ad meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Xinyi , Zhu Zheng , Chen Juan , He Jiaying , Zhu Yuhang , Zhang Lei , Qu Fan
Published: December 2022

During pregnancy many women may experience negative emotions and sleep disturbances. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) or sleep disturbance in pregnant women. From the earliest available publications to 15 April 2022, seven electronic literature databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP Database for Chinese Science and Technology Journal. Randomised controlled trials of CBT‐I in pregnant women with insomnia or sleep disorders were included. The methodological bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15 was used for sensitivity analysis and publication bias. We included eight randomised controlled trials involving 743 pregnant women. Meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the control group, CBT‐I significantly improved the Insomnia Severity Index (mean difference [MD] = −4.25, 95% confidence interval [CI, −6.32, −2.19], p < 0.001), The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (MD = −3.30, 95% CI [−4.81, −1.79], p < 0.001), sleep onset latency (standardised mean difference [SMD] = −1.25, 95% CI [−2.01, −0.50], p = 0.001), anxiety (SMD = −0.99, 95% CI [−1.32, −0.67], p < 0.001), and depression (SMD = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.72, −0.07], p = 0.02). No significant differences were found in total sleep time (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [−0.54, 1.17], p = 0.47) and sleep efficiency (SMD = 0.80, 95% CI [−0.53, 2.13], p = 0.24). CBT‐I significantly improved pregnant women's sleep quality, insomnia severity, depression, and anxiety. This meta‐analysis provides evidence that CBT‐I is valid for insomnia or sleep disturbances during pregnancy.
Kinetics changes in total cholesterol predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon‐alfa
Authors: Cao Xiongyue , Hu Qiankun , Xu Wei , Li Qiang , Zhang Jiming , Chen Liang , Huang Yuxian , Qi Xun
Published: December 2022

There is no satisfactory standard for predicting HBeAg seroconversion during Pegylated interferon alpha (PegIFNα) treatment. Studies have shown that IFNα therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients could alter serum lipid profiles. However, there have been no studies on lipid changes that predict the outcome of PegIFNα monotherapy in treated‐naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This retrospective study included 130 treated‐naive HBeAg‐positive CHB patients receiving PegIFNα monotherapy. The relationship between serum lipid changes and HBeAg seroconversion was analysed. The TC‐ALT‐HBsAg‐HBeAg‐Genotype‐Age (CASEGA) model was established to predict HBeAg seroconversion after PegIFN‐α monotherapy. Among 130 patients, 33 achieved HBeAg seroconversion (SR) and 97 did not achieve HBeAg seroconversion (NR). The decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) in the NR group was significantly higher than in the SR group at Week 24 (−9.59% vs. −0.31%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the change in TC at Week 24 (odds ratio = 1.065, p = 0.009) was an independent predictor of HBeAg seroconversion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the CASEGA model was 0.883. The model score at the maximum Youden index was 90, and the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.727, 0.794, 0.546 and 0.895, respectively. The HBeAg seroconversion rate at Week 72 in patients with scores >90 was significantly higher than that in patients with scores <90 (54.55% vs. 10.47%, p < 0.001). This study indicated that the change in the TC level at 24 weeks in CHB patients treated with PegIFNα was associated with HBeAg seroconversion. The CASEGA prediction model based on the TC change rate of 24 weeks has good predictive efficiency for HBeAg seroconversion.
Grip it good: in vivo grip force across substrate diameters in the brown‐throated three‐toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus)
Authors: Young M. W. , Granatosky M. C. , Avey‐Arroyo J. A. , Butcher M. T. , Dickinson E.
Published: December 2022

Sloths are among the most specialized arboreal species and have evolved a suite of anatomical features that support suspensory behaviors. While sloths generally show a reduction in skeletal muscle mass, the digital flexor musculature (i.e., the muscles associated with grip strength) remains relatively large. It may therefore be inferred that grip strength represents an important selective criterion for sloths. However, no in vivo data are available to assess the validity of this hypothesis. In this study, we explore how grip force varies as a function of substrate diameter, sidedness, and between the forelimb and hindlimb in brown‐throated three‐toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus; N = 5). Grip force was measured using a custom‐built support, comprising two semi‐circular prisms, the lower half of which was instrumented with a medium‐load force plate. Maximum recorded grip forces exceeded 100% bodyweight. While no differences were observed between the fore‐ and hindlimb pairs, both substrate diameter and sidedness significantly influenced grip strength. Specifically, B. variegatus exhibited the greatest grip force potential on the left side of their body and on large‐diameter supports. Equal gripping performance between the fore‐ and hindlimbs may be attributable to previous observations in sloths of a near‐equal distribution of bodyweight support between the limbs during suspensory locomotion. Moreover, a tendency to produce the greatest grip forces on large‐diameter substrates agrees with their ecological substrate preferences. The consistent tendency for left sidedness across the individuals studied was unexpected, and future work should explore the potential ecological and anatomical correlates of such a finding.
Costs and Benefits of Spacing for Second Language Vocabulary Learning: Does Relearning Override the Positive and Negative Effects of Spacing?
Authors: Nakata Tatsuya , Suzuki Yuichi , He Xuehong (Stella)
Published: December 2022

Research has suggested that long spacing (i.e., temporal intervals) within a training session facilitates second language vocabulary learning. Studies, however, have been limited to treatment that involved sessions for only initial learning but not subsequent relearning. Furthermore, most studies have investigated only the benefits of spacing without considering its potential costs (i.e., increased duration of the treatment). In our study, we examined the benefits and costs of within‐session spacing for both initial learning and relearning. In this study, 170 Japanese‐speaking university students learned 20 English–Japanese word pairs using one of the following four combinations of initial and relearning spacing: long–long, long–short, short–long, and short–short spacing. The results showed that introducing long spacing for both initial learning and relearning (long–long) led to better long‐term retention and higher efficiency scores (i.e., number of words learned per trial) despite the increased duration of the treatment. These findings suggest that the benefits of long spacing outweigh its costs.
Sciopemyia sordellii in the Neotropical region: distribution, biology, and ecology
Authors: Chaves Júnior Salvador Paganella , Baggio Rafael Antunes , Szelag Enrique Alejandro , Shimabukuro Paloma Helena Fernandes , de Andrade Andrey José
Published: December 2022

The species Sciopemyia sordellii (Diptera, Phlebotominae) is widely distributed throughout the American continent. This raises doubts about their identity as a single biological entity and points to the occurrence of species complex. Here, we review the geographic distribution of S. sordellii in the Neotropical region, as well as data on its biology and ecology. Records were obtained from literature and from specimens deposited in biological collections. In total, 149 records were analysed, from 12 countries in America. However, after taxonomic revision, some specimens were wrongly identified as S. sordellii, especially those from Peru, putting in doubt the occurrence of the species in that country. In Brazil, it has been recorded in all five geographic regions and collected in different biomes, besides to other ecotypes such as caves. Furthermore, its presence in an anthropized environment has also been reported. Some studies have also diagnosed Leishmania DNA in S. sordellii, indicating that parasite circulation is being maintained between the reservoir hosts. The data evaluated in our study allowed us to provide updated information on the distribution of S. sordellii in America, which may be useful in the taxonomy of this species.
Orthodontic resins loaded with niobium silicate particles: Impact of filler concentration on the physicochemical and biological properties
Authors: Pinto Lucas Dalcin , Balbinot Gabriela de Souza , Rucker Victória Britz , Ogliari Fabricio Aulo , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco
Published: December 2022

Objectives

White spot lesions (WSL) are prevalent in patients using orthodontic appliances. The presence of ion‐releasing compounds in the tooth‐appliance interface may limit enamel demineralization to control WSL incidence. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the mineral formation on SiNb‐containing experimental orthodontic resins and the influence of these fillers on the physicochemical and biological properties of developed materials.

Materials and Methods

The SiNb particles were synthesized via the sol–gel route and characterized by their molecular structure and morphology. Photopolymerizable orthodontic resins were produced with a 75 wt% Bis‐GMA/25 wt% TEGDMA and 10 wt%, 20 wt%, or 30 wt% addition of SiNb. A control group was formulated without SiNb. These resins were tested for their degree of conversion, softening in solvent, cytotoxicity in fibroblasts, flexural strength, shear bond strength (SBS), and mineral deposition.

Results

The addition of 10 wt% of SiNb did not impair the conversion of monomers, cytotoxicity, and flexural strength. All groups with SiNb addition presented similar softening in solvent. The presence of these particles did not affect the bond strength between metallic brackets and enamel, with SBS values ranging from 16.41 to 18.66 MPa. The mineral deposition was observed for all groups.

Conclusion

The use of niobium silicate as filler particles in resins may be a strategy for the adhesion of orthodontic appliances. The 10 wt% SiNb concentration resulted in a material with suitable physicochemical and biological properties while maintaining the bond strength to tooth enamel and promoting mineral deposition.
Legal Analyses of the Korea–Japan JDA Implementation Dilemma: Stalemate and a Way Out*
Authors: Deng Niya , Zheng Jiyong
Published: December 2022

The 1974 joint development agreement between Korea and Japan established an innovative cooperation regime in the East China Sea. According to the agreement, Korea is obligated to conduct jointly with Japan in the defined zone, but Japan holds a negative stance on the potential reservation, leading to a deadlock on commercial activities. The reasons for the stalemate are, on the one hand, due to a lack of motivation because no commercial products pay back, and on the other because the mechanism of the agreement does not envisage a straightforward solution to the predicament. Compared with the 1970s, the incompatible legal positions on the maritime boundaries and vexed political geographical relations between the coastal States make the Joint Development Zone more controversial. This study identifies alternative approaches based on thorough analyses of political and legal factors such as joint development regime, evolving rules of international law, bilateral cooperation, and regional relations.
Operational tolerance after intestine re‐transplantation in childhood and immunological correlates. Case report and review
Authors: Remaley Lisa , Ashokkumar Chethan , Soltys Kyle A. , Mazariegos George Vincent , Bond Geoffrey James , Khanna Ajai , Ganoza Armando , Reyes‐Mugica Miguel , Zeevi Adriana , Sindhi Rakesh
Published: December 2022

Background

Operational tolerance after retransplantation of the intestine has never been reported.

Purpose

To two recently described intestine transplant recipients with operational tolerance, we now add a third.

Methods

Review of case record and immunological testing to confirm donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness in multiple immune cell compartments.

Results

Re‐transplanted with a multivisceral liver‐ and kidney‐inclusive intestine allograft at age 12 years, this recipient self‐discontinued immunosuppression 14 years after the retransplant and has been rejection free for 2 years thereafter. As in the two previous reports, immunological testing demonstrated decreased donor‐specific inflammatory response of T‐cytotoxic memory cells and B‐cells, decreased presentation of donor antigen by B‐cells and monocytes, absence of donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies, circulating FOXP3 + T‐helper cells, and intact cellular and humoral immunity to cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus. Additionally, our recipient demonstrated enhanced donor‐activation‐induced apoptosis of alloreactive T‐cytotoxic memory cells.

Conclusions

Despite variable paths to tolerance which include graft versus host disease in two previous cases, and rejection‐related loss of the primary isolated intestinal allograft in our recipient, the three cases with operational tolerance are bound by common themes: a relatively large donor antigenic load transmitted during intestine transplantation, and donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness. Cell‐based assays suggest enhanced donor‐induced apoptosis of recipient T‐cells and circulating T‐regulatory cells as mechanistic links between antigenic load and donor‐specific hyporesponsiveness.
Quiet Eye supports winner shots in a simulated table tennis competition
Authors: Vincze Andrada , Iliescu Dragoș , Jurchiș Răzvan
Published: December 2022

Background

QE is defined as the final fixation on a specific location or object in the visuomotor workspace, for a minimum of 100 ms, that enables the athletes to gather relevant information before a critical movement. Several lines of research indicate that QE contributes to sports performance. However, its contribution to performance is derived mainly from research investigating isolated motor tasks. Therefore, little is known about its contribution in realistic competitional settings.

Methods

The present study determined whether QE contributes to table tennis performance obtained from matches played in a simulated competition. Athletes (N = 10) performed two matches, one against a difficult and one against an accessible opponent. Gaze behavior was captured using Tobii Glasses 2.

Results

We found that athletes made longer QE before winner balls (i.e., balls that scored a point), compared to forced and unforced errors (pbonferroni = 0.005, t = −4.45; pbonferroni <0.001, t = −6.45). Confirming that QE contributes to performance in a real match even in a competitional setting. We found no significant effect for the difficulty of the match, nor an interaction between the difficulty of the match and the type of shots Fs (1, 9) < 2.26, ps >0.16 0.70, η2ps < 0.20.

Conclusions

The present study provides evidence for QE's contribution to sports performance investigated in a “gold standard” ecological environment. More specifically, it provides evidence that QE gradually increases with the quality of the shot. Identical patterns were found regardless of the difficulty of the match.
Information technology improves the quality of transfusion practice in China
Authors: Xu Gui‐Ping , Wu Li‐Fang , Xu Xiao‐Min , Li Jing‐Jing , Gao Qi , Lu Hua
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Transfusion services in China must establish a quality management system, and regular inspection of quality indicators is an important component of quality management. Although the positive role of information technology in reducing human errors has been widely reported, its role in improving transfusion quality indicators still requires further study. This study explores the role of information technology in improving the quality of transfusion practice.

Materials and Methods

We developed an optimized blood transfusion management information system and then analysed the changes in four quality indicators before and after using the system to clarify the role of information technology in improving the quality of transfusion practice.

Results

After using the optimized system, the completeness rate for transfusion request forms increased from 81.5% to 99.3%; an unqualified doctor's signature was the most common incomplete content (0.45%). The appropriate transfusion rate increased from 87% to 99.4%, and red blood cell and frozen plasma utilization in most surgical departments decreased. Although the reporting rate for adverse transfusion reactions increased from 0.22% to 0.49%, these increases might be partly due to changes in transfusion regulations. The adequacy rate of transfusion medical records increased from 74.8% to 90.4%. Overall, the inadequacy of informed consent for transfusion, pre‐transfusion laboratory tests and documentation of the transfusion process were reduced from 6.4%, 6.2% and 12.6% to 1.7%, 2.0% and 5.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

Information technology can play an important role in improving the quality of transfusion practice, as part of a programme of medical education, regular audit and other measures.
Periosteal reaction‐like lesions at the cranial aspect of the humeral diaphysis have a high prevalence in older, large breed dogs and may represent entheses of the superficial pectoral muscles
Authors: Nickel Mareike‐Kristin , Schikowski Lisa , Staszyk Carsten , Schaub Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Authors have commonly observed lamellar periosteal new bone formation at the cranial aspect of the humeral diaphysis in mediolateral radiographs of the humerus for large breed dogs with no evidence of pain or lameness. The aim of this retrospective, analytical study was to investigate the appearance and prevalence of “humeral periosteal reaction‐like lesions” (HPRLL) in dogs and identify any predispositions. Mediolateral radiographs of humeri were evaluated and the presence and extent of “humeral periosteal reaction‐like lesions” at the cranial aspect of the humerus were recorded. Macroscopic and histological examination of the humeri were performed for one dog with HPRLL. A total of 2877 mediolateral radiographs of 1727 dogs were included and focal or extended periosteal reaction‐like lesions were found in 643 humeri of 387 dogs. Body weight ≥ 30 kg and age ≥ 7 years had a statistically significant, positive effect (P < 0.001) on the presence of HPRLL. German Shepherd dogs and Rottweilers were overrepresented in the group with HPRLL (P < 0.01). At the level of the HPRLL, the enthesis of the superficial pectoral muscles (M. pectoralis descendens and M. pectoralis transversus) to the Crista tuberculi majoris and Crista humeri were macroscopically and histologically identified. The authors propose that higher mechanical loads to the enthesis in large breed dogs may lead to physiological, age‐related remodeling processes of the muscular attachment. The finding should not be confused with a pathological condition such as bone neoplasia.
Ortographical Errors and Its Implication in Directed Essay Writing among Public Universities Non-Arabic Students: A Study in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia/ Kesalahan Ortografi dan Implikasinya melalui Penulisan Esei Berpandu Pelajar Bukan Penutur Arab: Satu Kajian di Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
Authors: Shaiful Baharum Azlan , Samah Rosni , Abdul Rahman Asma
Published: December 2022

This research aims to identify ortografical errors in directed essay written by the bachelor of Arabic and Communication students (SMBaK), Faculty of Major Language Studies USIM. The samples consist of 33 male and female students. They are requested to write an essay. From the essay, the reasearchers find their errors and analyze the frequencies. Besides that the errors has been listed out as examples in this research. It is hoped that the research also helping them by giving some suggestions to solve the errors problem. It will be a reference to the teachers in essay writing. Besides that, this research uses the error analysis methodology adapted from Aly Ahmed Madkour (2006). At the end of the research, it is concluded that the usage of Hamzah Wasl dan Qath’ is the highest errors in the frequent list. Thus, teachers should play an important role to make sure that the students undertand this grammatical rule. This is important to avoid the errors repeat every time when they write an essay.
Needs Analysis of Depression and Cognitive Distortion Module Among Out-Of-Wedlock Pregnant Adolescents
Authors: Zaiden Fauziah , Mahfar Mastura
Published: December 2022

Pregnancy should be an exciting experience and a moment awaited, but it is different for out-of-wedlock pregnancy. Unmarried pregnancy causes a variety of problems especially to the pregnant mother including psychological problems such as depression and cognitive distortion. This study aims to identify the needs of depression and cognitive distortion module that can be used for out-of-wedlock pregnant adolescents at a shelter homes in Malaysia. A total of 42 respondents had participated in this study of which 30 were former trainees and 12 were managers or teachers from five shelter homes. A set of questionnaires with 20 items representing five main themes used in this study. Descriptive statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency were obtained. The research findings show that the respondents agreed with the five themes (M=3.30) with a percentage of 85 percent. The implication of this research is that it allows an in-depth exploration of the development of depression and cognitive distortion module which will address the out-of-wedlock pregnancy issue. Apart from that, appropriate theory can also be identified as the basis of module development. In this case, the effectiveness of the module should also be considered.
Optimal Energy Consumption and Response Capability Assessment for Hydraulic Servo Systems Containing Counterbalance Valves
Authors: Sun Hao , Tao Jianfeng , Qin Chengjin , Yu Honggan , Xu Shuang , Zhuang Qianwei , Liu Chengliang
Published: December 2022

Counterbalance valves (CBVs) are broadly applied in hydraulic manipulators, which is essential to ensure safe operation while moving a heavy load. They inevitably introduce additional energy consumption and poor dynamic performance. For the manipulator joint in tunnel boring machines, smooth and precise motion control has to be realized. However, for the forward design considerations, in this case, no systematic work has been done to determine the component parameters based on an energy-saving approach and to derive the natural frequency of the joint at the hydraulic level. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a forward design approach for the proportional valve-controlled hydraulic cylinder system containing CBVs, which is a basic hydraulic configuration adopted for the manipulator joint. Specifically, the optimization model aiming at the minimum energy consumption is defined and improved to solve the key parameters, including the pilot ratio of the CBV and the area ratio of the cylinder. By considering constraints, the other component parameters could be further calculated. After that, the theoretical derivation of natural frequency is given to evaluate the response capability of the system. The overall design procedure is presented to determine the cylinder, CBV, control valve, and constant pressure supply. Based on the validated numerical model, the energy-based design principle is proven effective and could ensure that energy saving is not less than 5% and not more than 36% on average. Furthermore, the natural frequency obtained by the sweep test is verified to be consistent with the theoretical value, and the impact of this parameter on control performance is analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed approach has an excellent guide for the forward design of such systems.
Cooling and Flow Characteristics of Multi-Channel Wall Jet Structure With Film Holes at Blade Leading Edge
Authors: Wang Huihui , Deng Qinghua , He Wei , Feng Zhenping
Published: December 2022

Efficient cooling is imperative for gas turbine blades that suffer from hot gas erosion. Cooling and flow characteristics of multi-channel wall jet structure combined with film holes for blade leading edge are numerically investigated through the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method in this paper. Several geometrical schemes with different rows and diameters of film holes were conducted, and the influences of the cooling air mass flow ratio of the first coolant supply cavity were also considered, which presented the detailed flow and cooling characteristics of wall jet and film composite cooling on conjugate heat transfer. The results implied that film extraction improves the overall cooling effectiveness compared with pure wall jet cooling. And the mainstream intrusion happens in some film holes at the bottom of blades, especially on the pressure side. The film-hole diameter can raise the mass flow ratio and enhance external thermal protection produced by cooling air, and it also affects the uniformity of film flow and the temperature gradient of some regions for turbine blades. Furthermore, the cooling performance and pressure loss are significantly influenced by the coolant mass flowrate of the first cooling air supply cavity. This study will offer a consultation for the design of film-hole structures for multi-channel wall jet cooling.
A Study of Offshore Wind Turbine Wake Effects in Yaw Conditions Using an Improved Actuator Line Method
Authors: Fan Ning , Liao Kangping , Wang Qian , Fang Zheng , Zhou Hui
Published: December 2022

The study of wind turbine wakes is very important for the layout of offshore wind farms. The technique of regulating the yaw angles of the upstream wind turbine to lessen the influence on the downstream turbines has attracted continual attention in recent years. In this study, the wake interactions between a yaw wind turbine and a downstream wind turbine are investigated using a numerical technique based on the openfoam solver in conjunction with an improved actuator line method. The Gaussian anisotropic body force projection method and the integral velocity sampling method are the two fundamental components of the improvement of the actuator line method. The NREL 5-MW wind turbine benchmark model is used to test the numerical accuracy. The simulation of the wake effects from the upstream turbine in non-yawed conditions that follows has good agreement with the results that have been published in the literature. Finally, this work presents a number of predictions about the power coefficients and wake characteristics of two tandem-arranged wind turbines at various yaw angles based on these precise verification efforts. The results of the analysis in yaw conditions are used to derive the yaw wake characteristics and the optimal yaw angle range. As the yaw angle increases, the total power of the wind turbine increases and then decreases, and the upstream wake area decreases significantly. The total power reaches its maximum at 20–30 deg. The research content of this paper will provide an important reference for wind farm scheduling.
Wave Effects on Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Top-Tensioned Riser
Authors: Yin Decao , Wu Jie , Lie Halvor , Passano Elizabeth , Saevík Svein , Grytoøyr Guttorm , Tognarelli Michael A. , Andersen Torgrim , Igland Ragnar , Karunakaran Daniel , Gaskill Collin
Published: December 2022

Offshore drilling risers and many production risers are top-tensioned risers (TTRs), connecting the vessel and seabed via joints. External loads such as currents, waves, and vessel motions introduce cyclic loads and motions on riser sections and associated components, such as universal joint, flex joints, and well head at the bottom, which may shorten the service life due to accumulated fatigue damage. Dynamic responses under combined currents and waves are more complicated than vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) caused by pure currents, and it is not fully understood. Several model test campaigns on TTR have been carried out at SINTEF Ocean (former MARINTEK) during the past decades. Currents, waves, and vessel motions were modeled, and the riser model responses were measured. In this study, selected cases from such model tests are analyzed, and used to validate a semi-empirical time domain VIV prediction tool—VIVANA-TD. A better understanding of the dynamic responses of TTR under combined currents and waves has been achieved. By comparing the results from numerical simulation using VIVANA-TD and model test measurements, validity and limitation of the time domain tool have been investigated. Important features that need to be considered are discussed. The experience gained from the present study establishes a good basis for VIV and wave load prediction of full-scale TTRs under combined currents and waves where the uncertainty of combined wave and VIV prediction is further reduced.
Numerical Study on Thermal Hydraulic Characteristics of Containment Spraying Experiment in COHERE Facility
Authors: Xu Junying , Yun Xiangyu , Weng Yanyun , Wu Xiaohang
Published: December 2022

The containment spray system is designed to control the pressure rise and avoid overpressure risk by condensing the steam in severe accidents. To study the containment thermal-hydraulic response characteristics after spraying, the spray experiment has been performed in COHERE facility. During the experiment, the spray droplet particle size, relative humidity, space pressure and temperature was measured.

This paper has performed the transient numerical simulation on the containment spray experiment by FLUENT. The particle trajectory model attached in Eulerian-Lagrange method is used to numerically simulate gas-liquid flow. The DPM (Discrete Particle Model) is applied to simulate the spray droplet particles behavior including motion, mass and heat transfer. The steam condensation is considered by adding the mass and heat equation source through UDF (User Defined Function). The comparison between the experimental data and calculation result has shown that, 1) the phenomena of steam condensation after spraying is well simulated by FLUENT; 2) the DPM model and the condensation consideration can simulate the thermal hydraulic characteristics such as the pressure and temperature decrease after spraying and control the relative humidity.
Numerical Study on Gas Entrainment by Vortex in T-Junctions
Authors: Zhu Xixi , Wang Naihua , Chi Xiangyu
Published: December 2022

Gas entrainment by free surface vortices in the Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) would affect the safety of the reactor at the mid-loop operation for nuclear power plants. Thus, it is important to estimate the occurrence of this entrainment accurately. In this work, two-phase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a T-junction are performed. In the T-junction, the diameters of the branch/main pipes are 40/142.5 mm, and the lengths of the branch/main pipes are 3Db/6Dm. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and RNG k-ε model are employed in this simulation to get a clear gas-liquid interface. And, several cases of different flow rates at the mid-loop operation are studied. The simulation results could show the phenomena of free surface waves, the free surface vortex formation and evolution, gas entrainment by free surface vortex. At a low flow rate, the free surface in the main pipe is relatively stable with no wave, there is no occurrence of vortex core or vortex in the T-junction. With the flow rate increasing, the free surface in the main pipe begins to fluctuate, vortex core occurs below the free surface. It evolves downstream and disappears in the main pipe soon. The free surface waves in the main pipe become more intense when the flow rate continues to increase, and the free surface vortex begins to entrain air into the branch as the vortex core evolving downstream in the main pipe in a very short time. The phenomena of numerical simulation show a good agreement with experimental results. In this paper, physical fields are also analyzed to determine the effect and mechanism of the gas entrainment by free surface vortices.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Resistance Characteristics In the Test Section of a Rodlet Fuel Irradiation Device
Authors: Shuai Jin , Wenhua Yang , Jin Lei , Liang Zhang , Sheng Sun , Wenbin Zhao
Published: December 2022

The fuel rod irradiation device is tested in High Flux Engineering Test Reactor (HFETR). When the reactor is in stable operation, the allowable pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the device ranged from 200 kPa to 300 kPa. In order to ensure the safety of the irradiation test, after investigation and analysis, the labyrinth throttling tooth is selected, and the resistance coefficient of the whole device is adjusted by changing the height and number of tooth. To ensure that the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the irradiation device is within the allowable range of the reactor duct. Based on the method of computational fluid dynamics, the flow resistance characteristics of the fuel irradiation device is studied by numerical simulation, and the reliability of Realizable k-ε model is verified by comparing with the experimental data. On this basis, the flow resistance characteristics of labyrinth throttling tooth with different structures are simulated and analyzed. The results show that reducing the tip clearance is beneficial to reduce the difference of pressure drop change percentage between different tooth. As the number of tooth increases, the ratio of pressure drop between internal teeth to pressure drop of the whole throttle tooth increases. The results can provide a reference for the hydraulic design of the rod fuel irradiation facility.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of the Natural Circulation Characteristics Based on PLANDTL-DHX for Different Modeling Methods of the Core
Authors: Guo Jinsong , Zhang Xueyuan , Zhao Haiqi , Lu Daogang , Zhang Yuhao
Published: December 2022

The passive decay heat removal system based on natural circulation can passively remove the heat from the core, which greatly improves the safety of the nuclear reactor. The Plant Dynamics Test Loop (PLANDTL-DHX) experimental facility can simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor with an independent decay heat removal system in a natural circulation state. However, the natural circulation experiments based on the PLANDTL-DHX facility are difficult to present the detailed flow characteristics in the core completely. So it is necessary to adopt numerical simulation analysis to obtain the flow characteristics in the core. While due to the complex structure of the core with wrapped wire bundles, the modeling and calculation of the pool-type fast reactor need very rich computing resources. To reduce the demand for computing resources, the model can be simplified to some extent. In this study, two modeling methods are adopted for the core: 1. The model of the rod bundles and wrapped wires are simplified by the porous media model; 2. The wrapped wires are simplified by the porous media model, while the rod bundles are retained. The PLANDTL-DHX experimental facility modeled by two different core modeling methods is numerically simulated. By analyzing and comparing the experimental data of PLANDTL-DHX, the feasibility of two different modeling methods for numerical simulation research is verified. By analyzing and comparing the calculation results of two different modeling methods, the flow characteristics in the core during natural circulation are also obtained, and the characteristics of different modeling methods are summarized. This work can provide a reference for the safety analysis and simulation calculation of pool-type sodium-cooled fast reactor.
Data Driven Methods for Break Size and Location Estimation in LOCA Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yuan Peng , Deng Jian , Qiu Zhifang , Xu Qinglan , Zhu Dahuan , Huang Tao , Li Zhongchun , Du Peng
Published: December 2022

Loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is one of the most important accidents in thermal hydraulic design of nuclear power plant. The traditional analysis method is difficult to realize the rapid prediction of the size and location of the break in the LOCA, while machine learning provides an idea for the rapid diagnosis of the initial cause of LOCA. In this paper HPR1000 which is independently designed by China was taken as the object, the process of LOCA under various break location and sizes is studied by using the advanced reactor system analysis code ARSAC (Advanced Reactor System Analysis Code). The key thermal hydraulic parameters including temperature, pressure, flow rate and water level in the transient process of LOCA are analyzed, and a series of data sets are generated. Based on convolution neural network algorithm of deep learning, the transient thermal hydraulic parameters of HPR1000 under different working conditions are learned and the accident diagnosis model is obtained. By comparing with the test data, the trained model can quickly and accurately predict the size and location of LOCA, which can be subsequently extended to the diagnosis of other kinds of accidents in nuclear power plants and has certain application prospects.