bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Departamento de comunicación de las entidades deportivas náuticas
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández, González Redondo Paula , Campillo Alhama Concepción ,   Universidad de Alicante, Monserrat Gauchi Juan ,   Universidad de Alicante
Published: September 2018

Las entidades deportivas náuticas del siglo XXI se enfrentan a nuevos retos, tales como la relación de los clubes náuticos con la sociedad actual y su supervivencia, entre otros, que deben afrontar con una notable comunicación. La metodología, de carácter descriptivo, consiste en un análisis cuantitativo del proceso de comunicación que desempeñan las entidades deportivas náuticas. Analizamos y evaluamos el departamento comunicación así como las funciones que desempeñan para mantener y atraer a su público. Por último los resultados obtenidos confirman que este tipo de entidades sin ánimo de lucro les queda mucho camino por recorrer, para implicar a una sociedad del ocio a que siga sus pasos en este siglo XXI. En este sentido, se concluye que el sector de los clubes deportivos náuticos deben realizar una reflexión sobre la incorporación de los departamentos de comunicación para establecer vínculos con la sociedad.
Branding e integración de las audiencias en la creación de la marca periodística
Authors:   Universidad de Navarra, Burguera Pérez María Ángeles , Vara-Miguel Alfonso ,   Universidad de Navarra
Published: September 2018

Las empresas de comunicación han comenzado a comportarse como marcas y promover el branding o sistematización de actividades dirigidas a la audiencia para fortalecer su imagen de marca. Por la naturaleza intangible de los productos informativos y los nuevos modos de consumo, el éxito en la gestión de la marca requiere un compromiso corporativo duradero de los implicados: propietarios, gestores, consumidores y otros stakeholders. De ellos, la integración de las audiencias en la construcción de la marca periodística supone el mayor reto. Sin olvidar la calidad del producto, la gestión estratégica de la marca debe propiciar una relación con los consumidores coherente con su identidad y abierta a que éstos participen y cocreen la marca periodística. Basada en un análisis de la bibliografía, este artículo propone una gestión estratégica centrada en las audiencias, como requisito para generar un capital de marca sostenible. Primero se analiza el concepto de marca desde las teorías del marketing, para posteriormente estudiar los principales enfoques teóricos de la investigación sobre la gestión de marcas en el sector de la comunicación. Por último, se proponen cuatro criterios para orientar la gestión de la marca centrada en la audiencia: participación, personalización, identidad personal y símbolo social.
El fact checking: en busca de un nuevo modelo de negocio sostenible para el periodismo. Estudio de caso de Miniver
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ufarte Ruiz María José , Murcia Verdú Francisco José ,   Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
Published: September 2018

El auge que han experimentado las noticias falsas (fake news, según la terminología inglesa) ha generado nuevas labores periodísticas y modelos de negocio que discurren por distintas áreas del saber, como los fact checkers, o verificadores de datos, que buscan soluciones a un problema que afecta a la credibilidad y supone una salida profesional para los medios, acechados por la crisis del sector. La finalidad de esta investigación es analizar, desde diferentes perspectivas, si el proyecto independiente de verificación de datos Miniver cuenta con un nuevo modelo de negocio sostenible para el periodismo. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se utilizará una metodología mixta, con procedimientos de tipo cuantitativo, como el cuestionario, y cualitativo, como las entrevistas semiestructuradas y el estudio de caso, que se aplicará sobre esta plataforma. Se trata de una triangulación de técnicas que nos permitirá extraer conclusiones y aportar ejemplos de interés a la investigación. Está por determinar la viabilidad de los proyectos que han nacido al calor de la moda y cuáles de ellos serán sostenibles por las audiencias y los ingresos a medio plazo. La falta de consenso sobre qué modelo de negocio es el indicado señala un debate abierto.
La importancia de la dirección de fotografía en la producción audiovisual
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández, Martínez Cano Francisco Julián
Published: September 2018

La furia de las imágenes (Fontcuberta, 2016) satura la esfera de lo cotidiano en el contexto de las sociedades contemporáneas, ávidas de consumo bajo un paraguas tecnológico que posibilita cada vez más la producción ad infinitum y el visionado incesante de la imagen en movimiento. El ámbito de la comunicación visual y su enseñanza requiere de una revisión constante, capaz de dotar al individuo de una perspectiva crítica y capacidad de análisis sobre aquello que ocupa a través de su mirada. En esta necesidad nace el objetivo principal de esta obra, inscrita en la colección manuales de la editorial UOC y escrita por la profesora Laura Cortés-Selva. Doctora en Comunicación Audiovisual y autora clave dentro del ámbito de la fotografía cinematográfica.
Molecular Dynamics and Inhibition of MERS CoV Papain-like Protease by Small Molecule Imidazole and Aminopurine Derivatives
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud , Altaher Abdallah , Alnazawi Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Background:

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) is a newly
emerged viral disease with a fatal outcome.

Method:

During the search for new antiviral drugs, MERS CoV papain-like protease (Plpro) was
identified as a possible target. In this work, MERS CoV Plpro was investigated by virtual
screening, enzyme inhibition and molecular dynamics to find new inhibitors. After the virtual
screening of a dataset of small molecules, 5 compounds were selected for inhibitory studies.

Results:

Purine and imidazole-pyridine derivatives were identified as MERS CoV Plpro inhibitors
with Ki values of 73 and 68 µM, respectively. The binding of inhibitors showed marked changes
in both the fingers subdomain and Ubl domain, with negligible changes in the catalytic domain.
The binding of inhibitors was associated with the formation of favorable hydrogen bonds with the
side chains of Plpro S1648 or Y1760.

Conclusion:

Further optimization of the present set can lead to more potent inhibitors through the
design of small molecules with improved binding affinity.
Cloud Provider's Response to Multiple Models of Attack Behaviors
Authors: Liu Xu , Di Xiaoqiang , Li Jinqing , Yang Huamin , Cong Ligang , Zhao Jianping
Published: September 2018

Background:

User behavior models have been widely used to simulate attack behaviors
in the security domain. We revised all patents related to response to attack behavior models. How to
decide the protected target against multiple models of attack behaviors is studied.

Methods:

We utilize one perfect rational and three bounded rational behavior models to simulate attack
behaviors in cloud computing, and then investigate cloud provider’s response based on
Stackelberg game. The cloud provider plays the role of defender and it is assumed to be intelligent
enough to predict the attack behavior model. Based on the prediction accuracy, two schemes are
built in two situations.

Results:

If the defender can predict the attack behavior model accurately, a single-objective game
model is built to find the optimal protection strategy; otherwise, a multi-objective game model is
built to find the optimal protection strategy.

Conclusion:

The numerical results prove that the game theoretic model performs better in the corresponding
situation.
Identification of Essential Proteins in Yeast Using Mean Weighted Average and Recursive Feature Elimination
Authors: Mani Sekhar Sivagnanam Rajamanickam , Matt Siddesh Gaddadevara , Manvi Sunilkumar S. , Gopalalyengar Srinivasa Krishnarajanagar
Published: September 2018

Background:

Essential proteins are significant for drug design, cell development, and for living organism survival. A different method has been developed to predict essential proteins by using topological feature, and biological features.

Objective:

Still it is a challenging task to predict essential proteins effectively and timely, as the availability of protein protein interaction data depends on network correctness.

Methods:

In the proposed solution, two approaches Mean Weighted Average and Recursive Feature Elimination is been used to predict essential proteins and compared to select the best one. In Mean Weighted Average consecutive slot data to be taken into aggregated count, to get the nearest value which considered as prescription for the best proteins for the slot, where as in Recursive Feature Elimination method whole data is spilt into different slots and essential protein for each slot is determined.

Results:

The result shows that the accuracy using Recursive Feature Elimination is at-least nine percentages superior when compared to Mean Weighted Average and Betweenness centrality.

Conclusion:

Essential proteins are made of genes which are essential for living being survival and drug design. Different approaches have been proposed to anticipate essential proteins using either experimental or computation methods. The experimental result show that the proposed work performs better than other approaches.
MENGGAGAS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM RESPONSIF GENDER
Authors: Ratnasari Dwi
Published: September 2018

Islam diturunkan ke dunia hanya untuk membebaskan manusia dari semua bentukketidakadilan. Dalam hubungan laki-laki dan perempuan, keadilan mensyaratkan tidak adadiskriminasi, tidak ada kecenderungan mengistmewakan jenis kelamin tertentu danmerendahkan jenis kelamin yang lain. Keadilan memberikan bobot yang sama dalam hakdan tanggung jawab baik perempuan maupun laki-laki. Keadilan tidak menempatkanperempuan sebagai subordinasi laki-laki. Ada prinsip-prinsip keadilan dalam hubunganlaki-laki dan perempuan yang terkandung di dalam nilai-nilai Islam universal. PendidikanIslam sebagai proses transformasi nilai-nilai Islam mempunyai peran penting dalammembentuk masyarakat agar memiliki kepekaan sensitive gender. Posisi tidak setaraantara peran laki-laki dan perempuan bukanlah bagian dari pendidikan Islam. Oleh karenaitu, perlu dikembangkan konsep pendidikan Islam responsif gender yang memberikankesempatan sama baik bagi laki-laki maupun perempuan untuk mengembangkan potensidirinya secara optimal.
The Common Science Misconceptions in Indonesia Junior High School Students
Authors: Anjarsari Putri
Published: September 2018

Identifying and correcting the mistake that students make about science concept is very important. The main purpose of this article is to analyse some publications about common science misconceptions in some science topics in junior high schools. Misconceptions are erroneous perceptions of what is universally accepted. The misconception identification in this research is based on the descriptive research using some journal publications in Indonesia university which is held science education study program. Study found that : the concept of photosynthesis,  respirations, the relationship of photosynthesis and respirations, force (action and reaction forces) , and Newton laws are most frequently investigated as misconceptions of science. Students’ interest and learning environments are some reasons of students’ misconceptions.
Vascular Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nowak Kristen L. , Wang Wei , Farmer-Bailey Heather , Gitomer Berenice , Malaczewski Mikaela , Klawitter Jelena , Jovanovich Anna , Chonchol Michel
Published: September 2018

Background and objectives

Both increased arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction are evident in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, even early in the course of the disease when kidney function in preserved. Vascular dysfunction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is thought to be related to vascular oxidative stress and inflammation, but direct evidence is lacking.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We assessed carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (arterial stiffness) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (vascular endothelial function) in participants with early-stage autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and a history of controlled hypertension and in healthy controls. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was also assessed after infusion of ascorbic acid to inhibit vascular oxidative stress compared with saline. Vascular endothelial cells were collected from a peripheral vein to measure expression of proteins, and circulating markers were also assessed by ELISA or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

In total, 61 participants with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (34±9 years old [mean±SD]) and 19 healthy controls (30±5 years old) were studied. Carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity was higher in participants with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease compared with healthy controls (650±131 versus 562±81 cm/s; P=0.007). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was 8.2%±5.8% in participants with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and 10.8%±4.7% in controls (P=0.08). Among participants with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, flow-mediated dilation increased from 7.7%±4.5% to 9.4%±5.2% with ascorbic acid, a difference of 1.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.80 to 2.63), whereas in control participants, flow-mediated dilation decreased nonsignificantly from 10.8%±4.7% to 10.6%±5.4%, a difference of −0.20 (95% confidence interval, −1.24 to 0.84; P interaction =0.02). Endothelial cell protein expression of NF-κB was greater in participants with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (0.48±0.12 versus 0.41±0.10 [intensity versus human umbilical vein endothelial cell control]; P=0.03). However, circulating oxidative stress markers and bioactive lipid mediators did not significantly differ according to the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease diagnosis.

Conclusions

These results provide support for the hypothesis that vascular oxidative stress and inflammation develop with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2018_09_18_CJASNPodcast_18_10_.mp3
Change Leadership and Individual Innovative Behavior in Crisis Contexts: an Attentional Perspective
Authors: Jaroensutiyotin Jiraporn , Wang Zhongming , Ling Bin , Chen Yanni
Published: September 2018

We explored how change leadership affects individual innovative behavior in a crisis context. Using the attentional perspective, we proposed a moderated mediation model in which change leadership affected individual innovative behavior via the mediator of individual alertness and the
moderator of perceived supervisor support. We collected data from 247 individuals in 42 companies affected by the 2011 Thailand flooding crisis. Our findings suggest that change leadership has a significant direct and indirect positive effect on individual innovative behavior, and that individual
alertness positively mediates this relationship. Perceived supervisor support moderated the relationship between change leadership and individual alertness only when perceived supervisor support was high (vs. low). Thus, we have provided insight into how change leadership can facilitate individual
innovative behavior in a crisis context.
GESTÃO FISCAL, DESENVOLVIMENTO E DIREITOS SOCIAIS O DESAFIO DO CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO COM EQUIDADE, CONTROLE INFLACIONÁRIO E EQUILÍBRIO FISCAL
FISCAL MANAGEMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL RIGHTS THE CHALLENGE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH EQUITY, INFLATION CONTROL AND FISCAL BALANCE
Authors: Borba Bruna Estima , Torres Fernando Raposo Gameiro
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar de forma crítica os diferentes estágios da gestão fiscal do País a partir da década de 70 e suas tentativas de garantir direitos sociais, desenvolver-se, reduzir desigualdades sociais e, ao mesmo tempo, manter a estabilidade econômica e fiscal. A partir desse exame chega-se à conclusão de que a boa administração pública não se limita às estratégias fiscais austeras que equilibrem inflação e emprego inviabilizando, contudo, as prestações estatais adequadas. Enfim, a gestão financeira estatal envolve a prestação de serviços, o controle das variáveis fiscais e de crescimento econômico, cujos reflexos sobre a vida do cidadão são diários e permanentes inserem-se no rol de atuações estatais que visam a garantir o direito fundamental à boa administração pública.
CÉSIO-137: O MAIOR DESASTRE RADIOLÓGICO E OS POSSÍVEIS CAMINHOS PARA A GESTÃO DOS RISCOS FUTUROS
CESIUM-137: THE BIGGEST DISASTER RADIOLOGICAL AND THE POSSIBLE WAYS TO FUTURE RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Schumann Berta , Berwig Juliane Altmann , Engelmann Wilson
Published: September 2018

Completou-se 30 anos do desastre com o Césio 137, ocorrido na cidade de Goiânia, considerado o maior desastre radioativo do mundo, fora de usinas nucleares. O descarte indevido de um aparelho de radiografia contendo uma cápsula de Césio 137 conjugada a falta de conhecimento e informação sobre as propriedades do material gerou este acidente sem precedentes. O desastre atingiu direta e indiretamente milhares de pessoas, com danos inclusive transtemporais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os fatos que ensejaram o desastre e, por outro lado, ressaltar a importância do acesso à informação para uma efetiva gestão dos riscos. Diante disso, como metodologia se utilizará a pesquisa bibliográfica e a matriz sistêmico-construtivista, demonstrando o funcionamento sistêmico da sociedade, a velocidade das transformações do mundo globalizado, e, portanto, as incertezas e riscos gerados com os quais a comunidade não está suficientemente preparada para enfrentar, o que demanda uma adequada gestão de riscos para a prevenção de desastres.
Yielding and its adaptability of several promising bulk cocoa clones
Authors: Suhendi Dedy , Mawardi Surip , Winarno Hendro
Published: September 2018

Yielding and its adaptability are considered to be an important criteria for clones recommendation. An experiment to evaluate yield and its adaptability of several promising bulk cocoa clones has been executed during 1996—2003 in three locations having different altitude and type of climate, consisted of Jatirono(450 m asl., B type of climate), Kalisepanjang (275 m asl., C type of climate) and Kalitelepak (145 m asl., B type of climate). Randomized completely block design (RCBD) was used in each location with 14 promising clones and four replications. Recommended clones of ICS 60 and GC 7 were used as standard. The promising clones were originated from mother trees selection with the main criteria of yield. Observations were conducted on yield and its components as well as bean characteristics. Determination of adaptability of each clone by using yield performance and its stability. Statistical analysis was done by using combined analysis. The results showed that KW 30 and KW 48 perform higher yield (2.3 ton/ha) than that of standard clone (1.7 ton/ha) as well as consistant yield stability between location and over years. There for, the two clones performed good adaptability. KW 30 and KW 48 also perform good yield components, and high percentage of fat content i.e 55%. So, those clones are potential to be recommended for commercial planting materials. Key words : bulk cocoa, yield, clone, stability, adaptability.
Confirmation of Transgenic Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Transformed by Chitinase-encoding Gene and Its Propagation Through Somatic Embryogenesis
Authors: . Priyono , Budiani Asmini , Mawardi Surip
Published: September 2018

Genetic engineering of Robusta coffee resistant to fungal diseases might be done by introducing a chitinase-encoding gene into genome of this plant. This research was aimed to confirm transgenic plant of BP 308 clone Robusta coffee transformed by chi gene and to evaluate its ability for the somatic embryogenesis. Confirmation of transgenic was carried out by analysis the presence of NPTII gene as a selectable marker for Canamysin resistant using PCR technique. The somatic embryo initiation and reproduction were evaluated in 11 plant accessions. Three kinds of sucrose concentration, 20%, 30% and 40% were applied in initiation stage of somatic embryo germination. The suitability of 4 medium, namely M1 (without addition by liquid medium), M2 (addition by liquid medium contained 0.25 mg/l kinetin), M3 (addition by liquid medium contained 0.25 mg/l IAA) and M4 (addition by liquid medium contained 0.25 mg/l GA3 ) was evaluated for somatic embryo maturation. The result showed that 8 out of 10 plant accessions tested were transgenic and they could be propagated through somatic embryogenesis. The ability of transgenic plant for somatic embryo initiation, reproduction and regeneration were similar with that of nontransgenic one. Germination of somatic embryo could be improved by using 40% sucrose. Maturation of somatic embryo could be improved by addition of fresh liquid medium on the ancient gelled medium that used for somatic embryos reproduction. The best result was obtained on addition of fresh medium contained 0.25 mg/l GA 3 in which 65% of the somatic embryos developed to pre-germinate somatic embryo. Key words: Coffea canephora, transgenic plant, somatic embryogenesis.
Response of Selected Clones of Cocoa Seedlings in the Nursery Against High Soil Water Content
Authors: Prawoto Adi , Zainunnuroni Mohammad , . Slameto
Published: September 2018

Since 2001 to 2005, cocoa bean price is high, this condition accelerates farmers to plant and enlarger their cocoa areas. The impact of this euphoria is the possibility that the planting area will be more marginal, i.e. high water table or soil with continuously high water content. This study was to evaluate cocoa planting materials tolerant to those condition. The experiment was conducted in glass house of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute using RCBD, replicated 3 times. The treatments were factorial 10 x 4. The propelegitimate seedlings of 10 clones were the first factor, i.e. KW 165, KW 162, DR 2, DRC 16, GC 7, ICS 13, ICS 60, KW 163, Sca 12, and TSH 858. The second factor were soil water content, that were 100% (field capacity = control), 125%, 150%, and 175%. Watering method was gravimetric, once a month the volume was corrected by wet weight of the seedlings. The study was terminated after 5 month old. The result showed that growth of stem diameter, root dry weight and leaf number still normal until soil water content 25% above field capacity. At that condition, seedling dry weight dropped 13% below control, whereas at 175% treatment the decreasing of seedling dry weight was 34% below control. According to seedling and root dry weights, and chlorophyll content, by using cluster analysis it could be obtained a group of seedlings tolerant to high soil water content, i.e. DRC 16, GC 7, and ICS 60. Meanwhile, a group of seedlings susceptible to high water content, i.e. KW 165, KW 163, and DR 2. Stem diameter and chlorophyl content was good indicator for water logging tolerance reaction for cocoa seedling, its correlation to seedling dry weight were positive and tight. Key words: Theobroma cacao, seedlings, waterlogging, growth, chlorophyll.
Development of Monitoring Technique for Cocoa Pod Borer(Conopomorpha cramerella Snell.)
Authors: Sulistyowati Endang , Wardani Suryo , Mufrihati Endang
Published: September 2018

Effectiveness and effiency of CPB control were influenced by the right time of control. To decided this methods, information about CPB infestation was needed. An experiment had been conducted to get a simple and accurate technique for CPB monitoring. The experiment was located in Tirawuta, a smallholder cocoa plantation in Kolaka district, South-East Sulawesi. The evaluated monitoring pods techniques using observing all ripe cocoa pod as standard method, i.e. pod colour changes as an indicator of CPB attack, observation on 100 pods during harvesting, moth trapping and observation on the presence of the holes caused by CPB. The collected data expressed as the percentage of CPB attack and compared with each other. Based on the Chi 2 value and time consumed for monitoring, it could be concluded that the observation of 100 attacked pods during harvesting was the most accurate technique closest to the standard method, with a lowest 2 value and not significantly different to standard method. On the contrary the visual observation on the pod colour showed the less accurate technique with  2 value of 242,25–335,33 followed by the bservation on the present of holes on the pod with  2 value of 243,45–282,87. Furthermore, monitoring technique by moth trapping could not be compared with the other techniques since their unit was unequal. However, no insect could be trapped during a night trapping using either chemical trapping or sticky trap. Development of sticky trap by variation in trap colour could be trapped of CPB moth during more than one week. Red trap was the most interesting (preferred) for the CPB followed by the yellow, white and blue ones. There was significant correlation between number of tree sample and the time needed for observation. Larger size of tree sample consumed a longer time for the observation, but in visual symptom and entry/exit hole observation methods, larger sample size did not significantly influence its accuracy. It’s concluded that both of monitoring technique were not a converge estimation. Key words : Cocoa, cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella, Integrated Pest Management, monitoring technique.
Intensity of Ground Cover Crop Arachis pintoi, Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphorus Application and Their Effects on Field Growth and Nutrient Status of Cocoa Plants
Authors: Bako Baon John , Pudjiono John
Published: September 2018

Arachis pintoiis potentially as a cover crop for cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.) farm, however information regarding its effect on the growth of cocoa plants in the field is very limited. The objective of this experiment is to investigate the combined influence of ground cover crop A. pintoi, rhizobial bacterial inoculation and phosphorus (P) fertilizer on the growth of cocoa in the field and nutrient status. This experiment laid out in split-split plot design consisted of three levels of cover crop (without, A. pintoiand Calopogonium caeruleum), two levels of rhizobium inoculation (not inoculated and inoculated) and two levels of phosphorus application (no P added and P added). The results showed that in field condition the presence of A. pintoias cover crop did not affect the growth of cocoa. On the other hand, C. caeruleumas cover crop tended to restrict cocoa growth compared to A. pintoi. Application of P increased leaf number of cocoa plant. Biomass production of A. pintoiwas 40% higher than C. caeruleum. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen contents were not affected by ground cover crops, though higher value (0.235% N and 1.63% organic C) was obtained from combined treatments of inoculation and P addition or neither inoculation nor P addition. In the case of no rhizobium inoculation, soil N content in cocoa farm with A. pintoicover crop was lower than that of without cover crop or with C. caeruleum. Cover crop increased plant N content when there was no inoculation, on the other hand rhizobium inoculation decreased N content of cocoa tissue. Tissue P content of cocoa plant was not influenced by A. Pintoicover crop or by rhizobium inoculation, except that the P tissue content of cocoa was 28% higher when the cover crop was C. caeruleumand inoculated. Key words : Arachis pintoi, Theobroma cacao, Calopogonium caeruleum, rhizobium, nitrogen, phosphorus.
Early Yield and Economical Study of Pogostemon Cablinas Intercrop in Young Cocoa (Theobroma cacaoL.)
Authors: Prawoto Adi , Sholeh N.P M
Published: September 2018

Pogostemon cablinis an important source of volatile oil for pharmaceutical and cosmetical products. Agronomical aspect of this commodity needs open ecosystem, but for certain level of shading, this crop may yield economically. A study to evaluate the effect of P. cablinintercropped on young cocoa farm, had been conducted during 2005, in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) 45 m above sea level, D climate type (Schmidt and Fergusson), and on low gley humic soil. The experiment was arranged in factorial and the field design was split plot replicated three times. The main plot was no shade tree, shade of Leucaena glauca and Areca catechuwhile the subsplots were fertilizer dose (per ha/year), i.e. (P0) without fertilizer; (P1) 140 kg Urea, 35 kg SP-36, 70 kg KCl; (P2) 280 kg Urea, 70 kg SP-36,140 kg KCl; and (P3) 560 kg Urea, 140 kg SP-36, 280 kg KCl. The result showed that P. cablin cultivation without shading gave better growth and yield than the shading treatment; meanwhile Leucaenashading showed better growth and early yield than the A. catechushading. Fertilizer rate of P1 produced highest leaf weight and oil yield, although P3 possessed the highest growth variables of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content. For the dry weight biomass variable, highest yield was obtained from no shade tree and P1 treatment. Using chromatography gas analysis, retention time of patchouly alcohol is 15—18 minutes, it was found that the content was influenced by shading treatment, i.e. 25.15% in monoculture, 28.73% in Leucaena and 25.21% in A. catechutreatment. For the oil viscosity variable, the monoculture treatment showed the highest value (23.21 centipoise), followed by A. catechu(11.60 centipoise) and Leucaenatreatment (8.65 centipoise). Intercropping of P. cablinwith young cacao did not show negative effect on young cacao growth. This study demonstrated that pre-cropping ofP. cablinin young cacao provided opportunity to farmers to have additional income, the benefit cost ratio (B/C) for Leucaenatreatment 1.00–1.35 depend on dose of fertilizer, while for A. catechutreatment gave no profit (B/C 0.59–1.03 depend on fertilizer dose). Meanwhile, P. cablinmonoculture cultivation gave B/C 1.44–2.71. Key Words: Pogostemon cablin, Theobroma cacao,Leucaena glauca, Areca catechu, intercropping, patchouly alcohol, B/C ratio, fertilizer.
Packaging of Post Acclimatized Somatic Embryogenesis Cocoa Plantlet (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Soedarsianto Soedarsianto , Iman Santoso Teguh
Published: September 2018

Clonal plants that produced by somatic embryogenesis technique is one of the best choice to produce supperior clonal cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) planting materials. The somatic embryogenesis technique is a possible way for massive propagation, the outcome is true to type plants, the architecture similarity that the seedlings but there is not segregation like seedlings plants. At present mass production started of plantlets production until post-acclimatized plantlets of somatic embryogenesis cocoa was done at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Distribution system of the planting materials to whole areas in form of as up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlet. Some problems identified to reduce probability of decreasing viability of up-rooted post-acclimatized plantlets and one of them is extreme internal water deficit. This research investigate of the influece storage condition (air tight and non-air tight) and box storage (mica plastic and cardboardbox). The first experiment result show, there is no significant different between mica plastic and cardboard box usage for storage of post-acclimatized cocoa pantlet. Viability of up-rooted post acclimatized cocoa plantlet influenced exactly by air tight and non-air tight storage condition. Air tight storage condition have better viability of up-rooted post acclimatised (81,58%) than non-air tight storage condition (65,00%). Leaf sanasence on air tight storage condition (10,33%) lower than non-air tight storage (32,58%). There is not significantly on volume storage per plantlet between 4.416 cm3 and 12.600 cm3. Relationship between fallen leaves and cocoa planlet viability follow negative linear correlation y = -1,4719x + 104,88 (R2 = 0,9772). The second experiment treatment showed that maximal storage periode of post cclimatized cocoa plantlet just until 6 days stored (97%) and not significant with 3 days one. Viability of post acclimatized cocoa plantlet decreased after 6 days storage period.Key words : Somatic embryogenesis, post acclimatized cacao plantlet, storage condition, box storage, volume storage, storage period and viability.
Added Value Improvement on Arabica Coffee Wet Process MethodUsing Model Kemitraan Bermediasi (Motramed) on Unit Pengolahan Hasil at Ngada Residence - NTT
Authors: Soemarno Djoko , Mawardi Surip , Maspur Maspur , Prayuginingsih Henik
Published: September 2018

Ngada Residence is main producen region Arabica coffee in Nusa Tenggara Timur province. There are scattered on district of Bajawa and Golewa, that all of them effort by farmers and low quality, so farmers get low price and coffee development slowly than other coffee region in Indonesia. But, on the other hand, Arabica coffee from this region have potential special taste to be export quality coffee beans. One of way to solve to develop this quality is implementation coffee processing by Wet Process methode and support marketing system better by Model Kemitraan Bermediasi (Motramed). This research started from June until October 2007 at two centre district of Arabica coffee, there are district Bajawa are UPH Fa Masa on Beiwali village, UPH Wonga Wali on Susu village, UPH Papa Taki on Bomari village, UPH Suka Maju on Ubedolumolo village and Kecamatan Golewa are UPH Papa Wiu on Mangulewa village, UPH Meza Mogo on Rakateda II village and UPH Ate Riji on Were I village. This research want to know added value, cost efficiency, and profit on Arabica coffee processing used wet process methode on Unit Pengolahan Hasil (UPH) at Ngada Residence. Data was analysed by approximation added value, R-C Ratio analisys and t-One Sample Test. The result showed that Arabica coffee wet process could improved phisic and taste quality, lower of beans size, higher quality grade, smaller defect beans, moisture content lower, had special taste and very few taste defect. Those quality improvement improved price market to be higher, the added value about Rp4,390,- per kg and improved profit for farmers.Key words : Arabica coffee, wet process, quality, added value, efisiency, revenue.
Carbon stock in different ages and plantation systemof cocoa: allometric approach
Authors: Yuliasmara Fitria , Wibawa Aris , Prawoto Adi
Published: September 2018

Indonesia has 1.5 million hectare of cocoa plantation in 2008. which hasstrategic position in carbon dioxide absorption to decrease global warming. Biomass approach method in plants carbon stock estimation specific for cocoa is still not available. The aim of this research is to determine carbon stock in 1—30 years ages of cocoa plants and to measure carbon stock in various cocoa planting systems using specific allometric formula of carbon stock estimation. Regression model on plant biomass estimation was estimated based on height, diameter, and their combination. Carbon stock estimation in different ages and plan tation system of cocoa was conducted by randomized completely block design with 3 replications. The result showed that model Y:áDâ as the best allometric formula, where Y is plant biomass, D is diameter at the breast hight, â is a constant with a value of 0.1208 and á was a constant of 1.98. Increasing of carbon stock in cocoa plantations was proportional to the ages of the plants according to the polinomial equation Y=0.0518X2+2.8976X–4.524. Agroforestry system increased carbon stock in cocoa plantation. Cocoa-Paraserianthes falcataria plantation system produce highest of carbon stock in 7 years. Key words : Carbon stock, allometric, cocoa, ages of plant, planting system.
Decaffeination process characteristic of Robusta coffee in single column reactor using ethyl acetate solvent
Authors: Widyotomo Sukrisno , Mulato Sri , K. Purwadaria Hadi , Syarief A.M
Published: September 2018

Consumers drink coffee not as nutrition source, but as refreshment drink. For coffee consumers who have high tolerance for caffeine, coffee may warm up and refresh their bodies. High caffeine content in coffee beans may cause several complaints to consumers who are susceptible to caffeine. One of the efforts, for coffee market expansion is product diversification to decaffeinated coffee. Decaffeination process is one of process to reduce caffeine content from agricultural products. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in collaboration with Bogor Agricultural University has developed a single column reactor for coffee beans decaffeination. The aim of this research is to study process characteristic of coffee decaffeination in single column reactor using ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) solvent. Treatments applicated in the research were time and temperature process. Temperature treatment were 50—60OC, 60—70OC, 70—80OC, 80—90OC and 90—100OC. Time treatment were 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, and 12 h Size of Robusta coffee beans used were less than 5.5 mm (A4), between 5.5 mm and 6.5 mm (A3), between 6.5 mm and 7.5 mm (A2), and more than 7.5 mm (A1). The result showed that decaffeination process with ethyl acetate solvent will be faster when its temperature was higher and smaller bean size. For bean size less than 5,5 mm, decaffeination process by 10% ethyl acetat can be done 8—10 hours in 90—100OC solvent temperature or 12 hours in 60—70OC solvent temperature for 0.3% caffein content. Organoleptic test showed that 90—100OC temperature solvent treatment decreased coffee flavor, which aroma, bitterness and body values were 1.9 each . Key words : Coffee, caffeine, decaffeination, quality, single column.
Optimizing Period of Pre-Packaging and Pre-Planting of
Somatic Embryogenesis Cocoa Plantlets
Authors: Man santoso Teguh , Soedarsianto Soedarsianto , Bachri Syamsul
Published: September 2018

AbstractPratylenchus coffeae is a parasitic nematoda that infected the roots of some plants, one of them is coffee. The Infection of Pratylenchus coffeae cause root tissue damage that led to root lession and make root become rotten, it will interfere the ability of roots to absorb water and nutrients in the soil which resulted in the growth of plants. At the moment, control of Pratylenchus coffeae are following integrated pests management (IPM) program, which integrated between the use of coffee resistant clone and application of biological agents. Research on biological control was conducted more intensive, at the moment; due to it is friendlier save against environment and cheaper then using chemical nematicides. The research was conducted to know the effects of Micorrhiza Helper Bacteria (MHB),Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis in suppressing the population of P. coffeaeas well as their effect on growth of coffee seedling.  Coffee arabica (Coffea arabica L.) seedling one moth old were used in the experiment. The experiment prepared with eight treatments and five  replications, as follows: A (Pseudomonas diminuta with density of 108 cfu / ml), B (Pseudomonas diminuta with density of 2x108 cfu / ml), C (Bacillus subtilis with density of 108 cfu / ml ), D (Bacillus subtilis with density 2x108 cfu / ml), E (Carbofuran nematicide 5 g formulation / pot), F (Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis with each density of 108 cfu / ml), K- (Nematoda inoculation but without bacteria and nematicide), K+ (coffee seedling  without any additional treatment). The experiment was conducted for sixteen weeks or about four months. The results of the experiment showed that application of MHB could suppress population of P. coffeae and increase coffee seedling growth significantly. Inoculation of B. subtilis at 108 cfu per seedling suppressed significantly nematoda population of 71.3% compared with untreated seedling but inoculated with nematoda. It was not significant different with carbofuran treatment which could suppress nematoda population by 89.7%. The same result also occur on the treatment of P. diminuta at density level 2.108 cfu/seedling, which could suppress nematoda population by 64.2%. Seedling growth were treated with MHB also significantly increase compared with seedling without treatment and inoculation of nematodas, especially on the treatment of B.subtilis at density level 108 cfu and P.diminuta at density level of 108 cfu, with increasing level of 35.4% and 34.2 %, respectively.Keywords: MHB (Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria), Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.),  Pratylenchus coffeae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas diminuta.
Evaluation of Somatic Embryogenesis Ability in Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre)
Authors: Priyono Priyono
Published: September 2018

Embriogenesis somatik diharapkan sebagai metode perbanyakan tanaman yang sangat efektif pada kopi. Evaluasi dua jenis proses embriogenesis somatik, yaitu proses langsung dan tidak langsung akan bermanfaat untuk menggambarkan kemampuan proliferasi sel. Penelitian untuk mengevaluasi embriogenesis somatik kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) yang mempunyai tingkat keragaman genetik tinggi telah dilakukan di Nestlé R&D Centre Tours, Perancis. Bahan tanam menggunakan kopi Robusta koleksi Nestle Perancis dan tiga klon koleksi Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia (Puslitkoka). Tiga aspek, yaitu proses embriogenesis, keragaman embriogenesis dan kemantapan embriogenesis dievaluasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik embriogenesis somatik langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat diamati. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua proses embriogenesis somatik tersebut merupakan dua mekanisme yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa kemampuan embriognesis somatik tergantung pada genotipe, baik antar maupun di dalam kelompok genetik kopi Robusta, yaitu Congolese,Guinean dan Conillon. Lebih lanjut diketahui bahwa kedua proses embriogenesis somatik tersebut stabil terhadap indukan sebagai sumber eksplan. Kemampuan embriogenesis somatik tidak langsung ketiga klon Puslitkoka (BP409, BP961 dan Q121) sangat beragam, sehingga memberikan harapan adanya pola segregasi yang baik berdasarkan kemampuan embriogenesis somatik tidak langsung pada populasi yang dibuat dari silangan klon tersebut.Key words: Coffea canephora, somatic embryogenesis, variability, stability, genotype.
Carbon stock in different ages and plantation system
of cocoa: allometric approach
Authors: Yuliasmara Fitria , Wibawa Aris , Prawoto Adi
Published: September 2018

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) like most tropical trees is recalcitrant in tissue culture. Somatic embryogenesis is generally efficient micropropagation technique to multiply elite material. However, Somatic embryogenesis in cocoa is difficult and this species is considered as recalcitrant. One of the factors often considered as a component of in vitro recalsitrance is a high phenolic content and oxidation of these compounds. In cocoa tissue culture accumulate large amounts of poliphenolics compounds which probably impair further development. This study was conducted to investigate the composition of phenolic compounds in cocoa flower and leaves, and their changes troughout the somatic embryogenesis process. Calli were induced in cacao floral and leaves explants on a half-strenght Murashige and Skoog medium containing 30 g/L Glucose and combination of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) with kinetin (kin). Total polyphenol content was observed on Sulawesi 1 cocoa clone. Embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus were also compared. The percentage of callus production from flower tissue is 85%, percentage of embryogenic callus 40 %, although  the percentage of somatic embryo production from embryogenic callus callus is 70%. The conservation of callus into somatic embryos followed by decline in phenol content and an increase in peroxidase. The synthesis kinetics for these compounds in calli, under different somatic embryogenesis conditions, revealed a higher concentration under non-embryogenic conditions. So that, phenolic compound can influence the production of calli and an absence the phenolic compound can enhance production of somatic embryo.Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., polifenol, embrio somatik, kalus, flavonoid, katekin, in vitro recalcitance
Performance of a Horizontal Triple Cylinder Type Pulping Machine
Authors: Widyotomo Sukrisno , Ahmad H. , Soekarno S.T. , Mulato Sri
Published: September 2018

Pulping is one important step in wet coffee processing method. Pulping process usually uses a machine which constructed by wood or metal materials. A horizontal single cylinder type of fresh coffee cherries pulping machine is the most popular machine in coffee processing. One of the weaknesses of a horizontal single cylinder type of fresh coffee cherries pulping machine is higher in broken beans. Broken bean is one of mayor aspects in defect system that contribute to low quality. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute has designed and tested a horizontal double cylinder type of fresh coffee cherries pulping machine which resulted in 12.6—21.4% of broken beans. To reduce percentage of broken beans, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute has developed and tested a horizontal triple cylinder type of fresh coffee cherries pulping machine. Material tested was fresh mature Robusta coffee cherries, 60—65% (wet basis) moisture content; has classified on 3 levels i.e. unsorted, small and medium, and clean from metal and foreign materials. The result showed that the machine produced 6,340 kg/h in optimal capacity for operational conditions, 1400 rpm rotor rotation speed for unsorted coffee cherries with composition 55.5% whole parchment coffee, 3.66% broken beans, and 1% beans in wet skin.Key words : coffee, pulp, pulper, cylinder, quality.
Opportunities for increasing domestic added value ofcocoa through trade regulation
Authors: Drajat Bambang
Published: September 2018

The operation of multinational companies on cocoa bean trade in Indonesia related to the liberalization policy on trade and investment in Indonesia permits for multinational companies to operate in Indonesia and liable to buy cocoa bean directly from farmers. The problem encountered is the domestic market liberalization gives rise to changes in market power and results ini the dominant position of multinational companies. This research aimed to (i) analyze the impact of the exercise of market power by cocoa multinational company, (ii) to analyze the possibility of deregulation of cocoa bean domestic trade, and (iii) to estimate the potential increase in added value of cocoa down-stream industry as a result of deregulation. Some steps of research conducted includes (i) desk research, (ii) field survey by interviewing samples of farmers, traders, exporters, processors, as well as other business participants, (iii) special interviews with key persons related to regulation as well as deregulation of domestic trade and down-stream industry development, and (iv) focussed group discussion involving related stakeholders of cocoa. The results showed that the impact of the exercise of market power by multinational companies refers to the decreasing market shares of national companies from 2007 to 2009. Based on the market power domination of multinational companies in one side and the lack of down-stream industry development in the other side, there is a possibility to deregulate the above policy by continuing the new regulation (export tax of cocoa beans, directing multinational exporters toward downstream industry by partnership with domestic-idle capacity processing industry and import tariff escalation for processed cocoa). By the new regulation, the opportunity to increase domestic added value becomes greater. This cocoa down-stream industry development will increase the potential domestic added value at least 10%. Key words : Liberalization, deregulation, cocoa beans, value added, down-stream industry.