bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESKİ TÜRK-ÇİN İLİŞKİLERİNE DAİR SAVAŞ TARİHİNDEN ÖRNEK BİR VAKA: “NUOZHEN IRMAĞI (諾真水之戰) SAVAŞI”
Authors: AKTAŞ Şükrü
Published: November 2022

Nuo-zhen savaşı, Orta Asya Türk tarihinin önemli bir kesitini oluşturan Xueyantuo (Sir Tarduş; Seyanto) Hanlığının taraf olduğu bir savaştır. Her ne kadar tarihsel anlamda kısa bir süreliğine varlık göstermiş olsalar da Doğu Türk Kağanlığının yıkılması ve daha sonra Batı Türk Kağanlığının güçlenmesi sürecine kadar geçen evrede önemli ve tarihi bir görev üstlenmiştir. Doğu Türk Kağanlığının yıkılması aşamasında Tang hanedanlığının kurucu hükümdarı Li Yuan ile iş birliği yapmışlardır. Tanglar ile iş birliği yaparak soydaşları olmanın dışında egemenliği altında da oldukları Doğu Türk kağanlığını dağıtmışlardır. Bu olay ile dağılan Doğu Türk Kağanlığı halkları içinde en güçlü olanı olarak öne çıkmış, ve Yi-shi-bo (乙失鉢) öncülüğünde bağımsız olup kendi ayakları üzerinde durma çabalarına başlamış, Yinan Kağan ile de bu çabaları doruk noktasına ulaşmıştır. Daha sonra, Yinan Kağan’ın, Tang hanedanlığı ile kuruduğu temas ile Doğu Türk Kağanlığına başkaldırıları sonuç vermiş ve Doğu Türk Kağanlığı dağılmıştır. Bu süreçle başlayan Tang-Xueyantuo yakınlaşması bir müddet barış ve karşılıklı güven ortamı içinde sürüp gitmiştir. Ancak daha sonra, siyasi ve askeri anlamda güçlenen Xueyantuolar, kuzey topraklarında yaşadıkları alan ile yetinmemeye başlamış ve her kuzey halkının beslediği güdü ile güney topraklarına karşı iştah kabartmıştır. Bunun neticesinde ikili ilişkiler bozulmaya başlamıştır. Xueyantuolar’ın güney topraklarına saldırıya geçmeleriyle ilişkiler tamamen yerle yeksan olmuş ve her iki güç günümüz iç Moğolistan eyaleti Tuo-ke-tuo (托克托) ilçesine denk gelen bölgede Nuo-zhen ırmağı (诺真水) savaşı olarak tarihe geçmiş olan savaşı yapmışlardır. Bu çalışma öncelikle Tang Hanedanlığı ve Xueyantuolar’ın Nuo-zhen savaşına kadar olan süreçlerini ele almaktadır. Daha sonra da Nuo-zhen savaşının sebepleri, sonuçları ve bu savaş hakkında genel bilgiler sunmaktadır.
Anemia, Gaya Hidup dan Pengetahuan tentang Gizi Kehamilan Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK)
Authors: Yulianingsih Selvi
Published: November 2022

Latar belakang: Berdasarkan Riskesdas tahun 2018 prevalensi risiko KEK pada ibu hamil masih cukup tinggi, yaitu sebesar 17,3%,  di Jawa Barat yaitu 14,1%, Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2020 terdapat ibu hamil KEK sebesar 3,8%. Di Puskesmas Jasinga tahun 2020 terdapat 80 ibu hamil KEK (7,8%). KEK pada ibu hamil disebabkan karena asupan energi tidak mencukupi kebutuhan tubuh dalam waktu lama dengan penyebab langsung yaitu konsumsi makanan dan penyakit infeksi, tidak langsung adalah ketersediaan pangan, asuhan ibu dan anak serta pelayanan kesehatan.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan anemia pada ibu hamil gaya hidup dan pengetahuan tentang gizi kehamilan dengan kejadian kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di puskesmas jasinga tahun 2022.
Metode: Jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jasinga. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan rumus slovin dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 91 orang. Analisa pada penelitian menggunakan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik chi-square.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 17.6% responden mengalami kekurangan energi kronik (KEK) terdapat hubungan signifikan antara anemia (p-value = 0.000), gaya hidup (p-value = 0.005) dan pengetahuan tentang gizi kehamilan (p-value = 0.000) pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian KEK.
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara anemia, gaya hidup dan pengetahuan tentang gizi kehamilan dengan kejadian KEK di Puskesmas Jasinga tahun 2022.
Aplikasi Teknik Imajinasi Terbimbing terhadap Masalah Keperawatan Ansietas pada Klien dengan Pneumonia di Ruangan X Tahun 2022
Authors: Afrina Rina , Shifa Nurul Ainul
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Kesulitan bernapas atau dispneu merupakan gejala yang sering terjadi pada klien Pneumonia. Kejadian dispneu akan mengakibatkan ansietas pada klien dengan pneumonia. Penanganan ansietas dapat diberikan dengan pemberian terapi nonfarmakologi. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang dapat diberikan adalah Teknik Imajinasi terbimbing. 
Tujuan: Studi kasus yang bertujuan menggambarkan aplikasi teknik imajinasi terbimbing pada klien dengan Pneumonia dalam masalah keperawatan ansietas.
Metode: Pengukuran ansietas menggunakan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) dengan klasifikasi ansietas adalah tidak ada ansietas (skor <14), ansietas ringan (skor 14-20), ansietas sedang (21-27), dan berat (skor 28-41) hingga berat sekali (42-56).
Hasil: Hasil studi kasus, didapatkan bahwa pemberian teknik imajinasi terbimbing dapat dilakukan kepada klien pneumonia yang mengalami ansietas.  Teknik imajinasi terbimbingan akan mengalihkan klien agar mengkhayal tempat dan kejadian yang berhubungan dengan rasa relaksasi yang menyenangkan dimana khayalan tersebut memungkinkan klien memasuki keadaan atau pengalaman relaksasi.
Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkaan bahwa implementasi didapatkan adanya penurunan skor ansietas pada klien, dari ansietas berat (skor 31) berubah menjadi ansietas sedang (skor 27).
Aroma Terapi Peppermint dapat Menurunkan Kejadian Nausea pada Pasien Post Operasi Sectio Caesarea
Authors: Setiawan Teddy , Susaldi Susaldi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is the main choice for cesarean section. However, spinal anesthesia can affect the occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia, apnea, inadequate breathing, and nausea/nausea, and vomiting. Aromatherapy with peppermint is one of the complementary therapies that can be an option to reduce the effects of nausea in Sectio Caesarea patients.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of peppermint therapy on the incidence of nausea in post-Sectio Caesarea patients.
Method: The design used is a Quasi Experiment Design with a Non-Equivalent Control Group or Non-Randomized Group Pretest Posttest. The number of samples in this study was 30 respondents who were postoperative sectio caesarian patients in the recovery room of the Karya Bhakti Partiwi Hospital. The instrument of this study used an observation sheet. Statistical test using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann Whitney U Test
Results: The results of statistical tests with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test in the intervention group obtained a p-value = 0.000 or <0.05. While in the intervention group the value of the control group = 0.025 or < 0.05.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a decrease in the incidence of nausea after giving peppermint aroma therapy.
Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet FE, Kekurangan Energi Kronis dan Frekuensi Antenatal Care Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III
Authors: Hanum Salsabiela
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Menurut World Health Organization (WHO, 2019) anemia merupakan suatu kondisi dimana sel darah merah berkurang sehingga kapasitas pengangkutan oksigen tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis tubuh
Tujuan: Penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet fe, Kekurangan energi kronis dan frekuensi ANC dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil trimester III.
Metode: Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil trimester III dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil pada trimester III pada periode januari – februari tahun 2022 berjumlah 40 orang. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square pada aplikasi spss.
Hasil: Hasil uji analisis statistik hubungan kepatuhan mengkonsumsi tablet fe dengan kejadian anemia nilai (p-value= 0,000), hubungan frekuensi ANC dengan kejadian anemia nilai (p-value=0,000) dan hubungan kekurangan energi kronis dengan kejadian anemia nilai (p-value=0,005).
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini yaitu dari tiga variabel semuanya terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan mengkonsumsi tablet fe, kekurangan energi kronis dan frekuensi ANC dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil trimester III.
Political Economy of the "Virtual" Internationalisation of Higher Education to Foster Glocal Sustainable Development
Authors: SERTYEŞİLIŞIK Begüm , SERTYEŞİLIŞIK Egemen
Published: November 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the higher education institution’s face-to-face education. Higher education institutions have overcome this challenge through enhanced virtual education which has provided further opportunities to the higher education institutions. One of these opportunities is the ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education which enables higher education institutions to reach more students globally.
Purposes: This paper aims to investigate the ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education’s role in glocal sustainable development and how to enhance its use to support glocal sustainability and sustainable development. This paper emphasises importance of political economy of the ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education to support glocal sustainable development and environmental policies.
Methodology/Approach: The aim of this paper is achieved based on an in-depth literature review.
Findings: This paper highlights effective, strategic and successful ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education’s role in competitiveness of higher education institutions. This paper highlights political economy of the ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education and provides recommendations and key success factors for the ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education to enhance glocal sustainable development and sustainability as well as environmental policies. This paper emphasises importance of considering the ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education in countries’ sustainable development plans, strategies and policies.
Discussion: Effective and strategic ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education can support higher education institutions’ competitive advantage globally. They can support higher education institutions’ success in getting intelligent students from all over the world. This can further contribute to their competitiveness. Furthermore, this can enable them to employ, in these ‘virtual’ internationalisation of higher education programmes, globally competitive and competent academic staff from all over the world. This paper can be useful to academics, policy-makers and researchers in the relevant field.
The Unprecedented Complexity of Malnutrition, COVID-19, and Orofacial Cleft Care in Low- and Middle- Income Countries: An Opportunity for Change
Authors: Auslander Allyn , Steppling Charlotte
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 has created an unprecedented set of challenges across the global health world. In this commentary, the authors highlight a subset of patients that have been and will continue to be greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic but are unlikely to be part of the larger global health conversation. Due to the rising rates of food insecurity and malnutrition, the proportion of orofacial cleft patients in low- and middle- income countries that will require nutritional intervention prior to or in order to be eligible for surgery is rising at an unprecedented rate. NGOs, such as Operation Smile, will need to alter their program offerings and services to effectively serve their patient population- specifically a greater focus on nutrition. This piece covers both the problem at hand and Operation Smile’s initial actions into changing its programs to prepare for the growing nutritional needs of OFC patients.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Response to Global HIV Infection, with Focus on Pakistan
Authors: Sukaina Mahnoor
Published: November 2022

The global burden of the COVID-19 pandemic has exhausted the funds that were initially planned by World Health Organization for the diagnosis, treatment, wellbeing, and awareness for people living with HIV. The target set by UNAIDS 2014 to achieve the 90-90-90 goal by 2020 did not meet and was revised to 95-95-95 by 2025 with the sustainable development goal-3 benchmark of 2030 remains on the target. Amid this COVID-19 pandemic, the HIV treatment goal set by WHO for Pakistan got affected. The economic crisis, strict lockdowns, furloughs, layoffs, feeble healthcare system, the agricultural impact of COVID-19, have affected the progress of HIV goals in Pakistan. While only 23% of HIV-infected patients in Pakistan are aware of their status, 77% unaware of their status are at serious health risk, and pose a risk to the general population. This paper deals with the serious health situation amid the ongoing syndemic; when two or more epidemics are present at the same time. It defines the HIV, its types and strains, and its origins and the global response to tackle the epidemic. It also discusses the point prevalence on the historical situation of HIV in Pakistan, along with its incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of the disease. The paper discusses various global organizations that deal with the plan to treat and eradicate HIV globally and the efforts made by these organizations, and the challenges faced by them due to COVID-19. Furthermore, the impact of COVID-19 in providing the treatment of HIV in Pakistan is discussed, along with some of very important recommendations at the end of this paper.
ADHERENCE TO THE WHO GUIDELINES OF MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN 6 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS
Authors: MUSHTAQ K , MUSHTAQ A , YAQOOB Z , HANIF I
Published: November 2022

To evaluate the management of severe acute malnutrition according to WHO guidelines in children. A prospective study was conducted at Paediatrics Department of Mother and Children Complex DHQ Hospital Sheikhupura from August 2021- August 2022. A total of 200 children with age range between 6 months and 5 years were included in the study. Personal information of patients was supposed to be recorded along with malnutrition classification, diagnostic signs, treatment and its outcomes according to the WHO guidelines. All the data was assessed by SPSS version 22. The staff did not record complete information such as family history, health condition of the child, and diagnostic signs. The weight for height Z score was calculated in all patients (100%). The classification of malnutrition was also not in adherence with WHO i.e seven types were recorded instead of two. Laboratory tests other than blood film , blood sugar and hemoglobin concentrations were not performed in any of the children. 82 (41%) children received intravenous dextrose. Rehydration solution for malnutrition was not administered to any of the children. Poor adherence to WHO guidelines regarding severe acute malnutrition was observed in children younger than 5.
Effects of fungal infections associated with COVID-19 in pandemic era
Authors: Aliyu Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Fungal infections such as endemic mycoses, pneumocystosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis and cryptococcosis associated with COVID-19 are becoming complicated in management and diagnosis of critical ill COVID-19 patients. However, mortality rates due to fungal infections are significantly high. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of fungal infections associated with COVID-19 during the pandemic era. A systemic literature review was carried out to evaluate the effect of fungal infections associated with COVID-19 incidence from relevant published articles.  Invasive Fungal Infections (IFIs) had the highest incidence of 26.7% from 137 intensive care unit patients screened for IFIs in 2020. Currently, drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients such as casirivimab and imdevimab, bamlanivimab and etesevimab, sotrovimab, and remdesivir had no any effects on fungal infections. In India, 53% of mortality rate which caused by 60% of Candida auris and in Brazil, 72.7% following corticosteroids use were reported. Recently, no any reports related to mortality rate due to Candida infections associated with COVID-19 in Spain and USA. Numerous current advances in management and diagnosis of these fungal infections associated with COVID-19 have not been much potentially significant. It is predicted and possible that the development of new and potent antifungal drugs, antimicrobial peptides and nanotechnology based approaches for drug delivery would help to reduce or eliminate these fungal infections associated with COVID-19 and restraint its spread across the globe.
Pengaruh Media Ular Tangga terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Anak Tentang Sampah di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Gungan Desa Wukirsari Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Widodo Soepri Tjahjono Moedji , Hariyani Novita
Published: November 2022

Mayoritas masyarakat Dusun Gondang Desa Wukirsari Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman dan sekitarnya masih banyak melakukan kebiasaan membuang sampah ke sungai 22,70%, pekarangan 12%, ditimbun 14,70%, dan membakar sampah 66.70% dari total 215 Jiwa penduduk, hal ini menunjukan bahwa kebiasaan masyarakat sekitar masih belum baik dalam menangani sampah. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan kesadaran kepada masyarakat agar dapat menangani sampah dengan benar, hal ini akan lebih baik jika diajarkan sejak dini kepada anak bagaimana cara mengolah dan memilah sampah. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji media penyuluhan yang dapat membantu mempengaruhi pengetahuan anak tentang sampah dengan menggunakan permainan edukasiular tangga.
Analisis Sistem Distribusi Komoditi Strategis di Kota Mataram
Authors: Permatacita Fitria , Suwardi Didi
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini tujuan untuk melakukan pemantauan terhadap pola distribusi pangan strategis komoditi strategis di Kota Mataram dan Mengkaji sistem distribusi komoditi strategis di Kota Mataram. Hasil analisis data Komoditas bahan pokok di NTB menurut keterangan Pedagang di beberapa pasar di NTB memiliki pola distribusi yang serupa dengan komoditi yang dipasok dari luar NTB dan sebagain kecil didatangkan dari kabupaten terdekat di NTB. Pengepul & Pedagang Besar Surabaya merupakan pemasok komoditas bagi pedagang Grosir di Pasar Induk Mandalika. Selanjutnya, Pedagang Eceran membeli dari Pedagang Grosir yang ada di Pasar Induk Mandalika. Sementara itu, Kabupaten Lombok Timur juga turut menyumbang pasokan Bawang Putih di Kota Mataram. Secara umum harga beberapa komoditas pangan strategis cukup stabil (kecuali cabe, bawang merah dan bawang putih khususnya bawang putih ex import). Fluktuasi harga, terutama kenaikan harga terjadi lebih disebabkan karena adanya moment hari besar agama seperti Idul Fitri, Idul Adha dan Maulid Nabi. Jalur distribusi utama komoditas pertanian cenderung lebih panjang dengan melibatkan pedagang pengumpul/tengkulak, pedagang besar, dan pedagang pengecer. Sementara jalur distribusi untuk komoditas yang diproduksi dan didistribusikan oleh industri/ perusahaan lebih pendek, terstruktur dan efisien. Dari masing-masing rantai distribusi tersebut, umumnya pedagang pengecer memperoleh marjin keuntungan terbesar, diikuti pedagang besar dan pedagang pengumpul.
Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Pendidikan Anak pada Rumah Tangga Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW)
Authors: Ardiansyah Randi , Putra Berti Mandala , Widia Widia
Published: November 2022

Tenaga kerja wanita, telah menjadi cita-cita sebagian perempuan di desa Nunggi kecamatan Wera. Beberapa dekade terakhir, perempuan di desa Nunggi telah menggantungkan dirinya menjadi tenaga kerja wanita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kondisi sosial ekonomi dan pendidikan anak pada rumah tangga perempuan Desa Nunggi Kecamatan Wera yang bekerja sebagai tenaga kerja wanita di luar negeri. Metode Penelitian, digunakan dalam tulisan ini yaitu pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam pengambilan data dilaksanakan dalam dua model yaitu pengambilan data primer dan sekunder. Data Primer diperoleh dengan cara: wawancara mendalam (indepth, interview). Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, Faktor pendorong 1) Beban ekonomi dalam rumah tangga, 2) Memperbaiki ekonomi keluarga, 3) Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan ketrampilan yang dimiliki. Faktor penarik 1) Gaji di luar negeri yang lebih besar, 2) Lebih mudah mendapatkan pekerjaan. Kesimpulan, Kepergian ibu/istri ke luar negeri menjadi tenaga kerja wanita mengakibatkan terjadinya pembagian peran dan pergeseran peran terhadap keluarga yang ditinggal. Dampak dari pergeseran peran tersebut diantaranya, 1) Dampak Ekonomi, 2) Dampak Sosial, dan 3) Dampak Terhadap Pendidikan Anak.
Psychosocial Risk Factors and Quality of Life Among Nurses Working in Public Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar, A Correlational Study
Authors: Lalkhaida . , Muhammad Dildar , Rahim Tariq , Ajmal Hina , Bibi Nazma
Published: November 2022

Psychosocial risk factors at nurse’s work environment are the major threat to the professional well-being and health of nurses.  Nurses in developing countries like Pakistan are not appreciated and valued as greatly as compared to Western states which are evinced by their very low pays and poor work conditions. These can lead to different consequences like affecting work abilities and poor quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate psychosocial risk factors and quality of life among nurses working in public sector tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Methods: A cross sectional (correlational) study was conducted to assess relationship between “Psychosocial risk factors” and “quality of life” (QOL) among registered nurses at public sector tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and WHO quality of life scales were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The mean age of nurses was mean 28.95 ±5.25 SD. In term of psychosocial risk factors, participants reported high mean score in all factors. Regarding quality of life, majority 63% reported having “Poor” while only 37% nurses have “Good” quality of life. There was negative correlation between quantitative demands, work pace, emotional demands, burnout and stress and offensive behaviours with participant’s quality of life (p-value 0.001). While positive correlation was observed between recognition, social support and quality of life among studied nurses. Conclusions: This study found multiple factors of psychosocial environment at public sector hospitals of Peshawar. The poor psychosocial environment has potential influence on overall health and quality of life of nurses.
Outcome of Volar Barton Fractures Treated with Locking Compression Plates: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Raza Laghari Ahmed , Ahmed Mahar Sijad , Bux Palh Hussain , Ahmed Waseem , Bhutto Ali Muhammad , Hussain Farukh , Keerio Niaz Hussain
Published: November 2022

Volar Barton fracture is the fracture of distal radius bone associated with ventral displacement. It is an oblique intra-articular fracture. Objective: To investigate the results, both functional and radiological, of open reduction and internal fixation with locking compression plates of the volar Barton fracture. Methods: A total of fifteen patients were included in this study. All of the participants had volar fragment type B3 fractures of the wrist. All the patients underwent open reduction to treat the fracture. Internal fixation was done using a locking compression plate (LCP). Out of a total of 15 patients, 10 were male and 5 females. The most common cause, almost 67 %, of the fracture was a road traffic accident (RTA). The mean age of the patients was 33 years, ranging from 21 to 55 years. All the patients had their respective surgeries within 7 days of the fracture accident. Quick Dash score-, and Gartland and Werley score were used to assess the function of the hand and wrist. Results: All the fractures took the meantime of 8 weeks for the bone union. The mean Quick Dash score was 10, ranging from 0 to 60. According to Gartland and Werley’s score, 9 patients were excellent, 4 patients were good and 2 were fair. No postoperative complication occurred. Conclusions: Open reduction and internal fixation with locking compression plates of the volar Barton fracture is an effective treatment for functional and radiological restoration.
Outcomes and Pattern of Bimalleolar Ankle Fracture in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lakhani Sartaj , Hussain Bhatti Sajjad , Ali Jatoi Zulfiqar , Shuaib Chandio Muhammad , Ullah Aziz , Rahman Khan Abdul , Keerio Niaz Hussain
Published: November 2022

A total of 10% of all bone fractures are found in the ankle, making it the most often broken bone in the body. Objective: To assess the outcome and the pattern of bimalleolar ankle fractures in adults. Methods: A total of 72 individuals with bimalleolar ankle fractures were recruited in this study and followed up for a total of 12 weeks. An evaluation of the results after 12 weeks was done using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score & the Visual Analog Pain Scale. The amount of discomfort, functional ability, and alignment were the three key indicators of the results. Results: The average age of the patients was 36.4 10.4 years, ranging from 19 to 60 years. There were 3:2 more men than women. Half of the fractures were due to falls, 36.1% by automobile accidents, and 13.9% by motorcycle accidents. Of the cases, 63.9 percent included closed fractures. According to the Weber classification, B and C fractures were the most frequent, occurring in 33 (45.8%) and 31 (43.1%) individuals, respectively. The mean AOFAS at three months was 78.2. Between 1 and 3, the VAS was 43.1%. 38.8% of the patients, or 28, reported no discomfort. Conclusions: Patients tended to be young in this study. Delaying final care for up to a week after a fracture does not seem to have a negative impact on the result. The medial clean space (less than 4mm) was the primary indicator of a successful result.
Frequency of Various Grades of Failure and Their Number of Units Involved in Non Maintained Metal Ceramic Fixed Dental Prosthesis
Authors: Afridi Saima , Khan Sartaj , Raza Muhammad , Khan Asifullah , Khan Hassan , Zubair Naila
Published: November 2022

Replacement of missing teeth with fixed partial denture is high in demand, so high are the problems and failures of these prostheses if they are not maintained well. Objective: This study focused on determining the frequency of various grades of failures and the number of units involved in non-maintained fixed partial dentures in patients reporting to public sector dental hospital. Methods: A total of 216 patients, (both genders) having age ranging from 20 to 60 years, were clinically examined for failed fixed partial dentures. Various parameters of failed bridges including number of pontics and retainers were recorded by using a self-structured proforma. These prostheses were divided in six different grades as proposed by Manapallil. Mild, moderate and severe groups were used depending on the severity of failure. SPSS (version 23) was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 216 patients, a male (91) to female (125) ratio of 0.72 was found with a mean age of 47 years (SD ± 18.553). Failed prostheses in grades 1 to 4 were having a similar rate of failures (22% to 25%), while other grades of failure were less than 5%. Prosthesis service life ranged from 2 to 5 years. Almost 82% of prostheses had 4 or 5 pontics in the design of bridge with a mean number of pontics 5(SD ± 2.1) Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of failures were observed in mild and moderate groups in non-maintained fixed prostheses.
Psychosocial Stressors in Patients Presenting with Depression Episodes
Authors: Leghari Naeem Ullah , Akram Bushra , Bilal Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by aversion to activities that affects a person's thoughts, behaviour, feelings, and sense of well-being. Objective: To explore the psychosocial stressors / life events and demographic variables in patients with major depression in 1st and subsequent episodes with related sociodemographic factors in each. Methods: The sample of this study was 50 consecutive in-patients with Major Depression. Detailed open-ended interview was conducted and also administered The Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLES) to elicit psychosocial stressors and major life events in 1st episode and in the subsequent episodes. Results: showed that of the 50 subjects, majority of subjects 32(64%) were female, 13 (26%) were 26-30 years’ age group, 33(66%) belonged to urban area, 23(46%) were suffering from 3rd and more depressive episodes, 21(42%) reported positive family history, 28(56%) were suffering for 3 months. In psychosocial stressors / life events, 26% had Death of spouse, in Marital and Sexual factors 16% patients reported relationship effect with spouse in 1st, 22% in 2nd and 30% in 3rd Depressive episode and in financial difficulties 12% patients in 1st episode, 20% and 28% in subsequent episodes. Conclusions: Study concluded that there was difference of psychosocial stressors in 1st and subsequent episodes of depression.
Evaluation of Palatal Rugae in Patients for Maxillary Dental Prostheses
Authors: Khan Sartaj , Raza Muhammad , Tahir Maryam , Manzar Samia
Published: November 2022

Significance and importance of palatal soft tissue rugae increases many folds when replacement of missing maxillary teeth with conventional complete denture is part of treatment plane. Objectives: To quantify the shape and size of rugae in completely and partial edentulous arches in both males and females. Methods: A total of 200 patients were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and after obtaining informed consent, impression with Alginate impression material were made and poured to form dental casts. Pattern and shapes of rugae were delineated with graphite marker. Under a good source of light different shapes, thus outlined, were counted in number and measured in length, categorizing them in various shapes such as divergent, wavy, curved and straight. Age, arches were computed for frequency and measuring the mean with standard deviation. All data were computed by using SPSS (version 22). Results: Out of 200 patients, a male (n=89) to female (n=111) ratio of 0.80 was found with a mean age of 52.6 and standard deviation of 11.3.  Partially edentulous cases were 51%, while the rest were completely edentulous. A total of 1367 rugae were found in both types of patients. Females had more number of rugae (n=773) than males (n=594). Similarly primary rugae were higher in numbers (n=1132) than secondary rugae (n=235) and the observed difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded in this study that female and partially edentulous arches had more numbers of rugae as compared to males and completely edentulous arches respectively.
Comparison of Knowledge Sufficiency Regarding the Specialty of Prosthodontics Among Health Care Professionals of Karachi
Authors: Yaseen Osama , Baqar Anum , Ilyas Farnaz , Hakeem Saman , Faisal Fahim Muhammad
Published: November 2022

A chunk of people from general public and health care professionals know about Prosthodontics as one of the essentials of dentistry and hence, the patients are not adequately referred to them. Subsequently, the quality of oral rehabilitation is negatively affected. Objective: Therefore, the aim was to assess and compare the level of knowledge related to Prosthodontics among various healthcare professionals in Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional study using a voluntarily filled validated questionnaire was disseminated to various health care professionals. The selection of participants was in an equal ratio of various health professional communities and were categorized into 5 groups: medical professionals (MBBS), fraternity of doctor of physical therapy (DPT), personnel of doctor of pharmacy (Pharm- D), medical laboratory technicians (MLT) and faculty of nursing. The core results were interpreted in terms of descriptive analysis whereas the inter-group comparison of data was done through ANOVA test application to compare the level of knowledge among various health care professionals. Results: Superficially, 72% health care professionals knew about Prosthodontics through newspaper. The inter-group comparison showed that there is a significant difference in the comprehensive knowledge about Prosthodontics among all health care professionals. Among them, DPT and MLT professionals were found to be at the higher level of knowledge status than those of MBBS, nursing and pharmacy. Conclusions: The specialty of Prosthodontics is still searching for its identity rather among the health care providers than among the general public.
Age Versus HBA1c: Which Is a Better Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetics After CABG?
Authors: Saleem Wardah , Iqbal Fayaz , Saleem Fatima
Published: November 2022

Diabetes is a proven risk factor for the development of Acute Kidney Injury after CABG. There are other multiple factors which are involved in causing AKI after CABG like pre-operative renal dysfunction, long CPB time, and low cardiac output syndrome. We controlled all the variables, to study the difference between age and HBA1c levels in predicting acute kidney injury after CABG. Objective: The purpose of the study is to take the diabetic population and control other variables involved in causation of AKI after CABG and study the role of age versus HBA1c levels in predicting AKI after elective CABG. Methods: A total of 200 diabetic patients who underwent elective CABG were selected from May, 2021 May, 2022 at NICVD Karachi. The KDIGO criteria for AKI was applied and diabetics were selected on the standard definition of diabetes. The data for age and HBA1c levels was divided into short sets to increase the accuracy level. Results: The incidence of AKI in our study was 36.5%. There were 52.7% patients who developed AKI with HBA1c of 6.5 – 7.4%; 40% developed AKI with an HBA1c levels of 7.5 – 8.4%, 16% AKI with HBA1c of 8.5 to 8.9%, 12% AKI in patients with HBA1c of 9 – 9.4%, 18% AKI with HBA1c of 9.5 – 9.9%, 20% for HBA1c of 18% and 20% for HBA1c > 10.04%.  There was 4.35% frequency of AKI for age between 40 – 49 years; 26.8% frequency for age between 50 – 59 years; 50.7% AKI for 60 -69 years and 84% for population between 70 to 80 years. Conclusions: Increasing age is a better predictor of AKI following CABG than increasing HBA1c levels till HBA1c level of 10.04%.
The Correlation of PANSS Scores and P100 Latency in Patients with Schizophrenia and Migrene Hedache Using Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPS) According to Gender and Age
Authors: Sulejmanpasic Gorana , Serdarevic Amra , Hajric Selma , Bajramagic Nermina
Published: November 2022

Background: The VEPs provide an objective measure of brain function, analyzing integrity of visual processing. With patients affected with schizophrenia, the changes with the implementation of VEP are evident, such as symmetrical deceleration of the impulse and the continuance of latency, which points to a degenerative illness, suggesting the presence of optical neuritis or hemianopsia conjoined with mentioned intracranial illness. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of positive and negative symptoms (PANSS scores) and P100 latency between patients with schizophrenia and patients with migraine headache according to gender and age. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were applied. Methods: The sample included 80 subjects: a) S group- 40 patients with schizophrenia (21 males; 19 females); b) H group-40 healthy subjects with migraine headache (10 males; 30 females). The study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology University Clinical Center Sarajevo. Results: Our research revealed positive correlation of the P100 latency and the PANSS score of negative symptoms, which means that the subjects of the observed group with a higher latency of the P100 wave of the entire visual field in both eyes have higher PANSS scores of negative symptoms. The correlation is significantly higher in female subjects (37% shared variance) than in male subjects (12% shared variance). All male subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of 17 or higher, while all female subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of less than 17 positive correlations were registered in P100 latency in left view field of both eyes and in P100 amplitude in the region of right eye (p=0.01) in comparation with left eye region (p=0.05) in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Results imply that the cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia is not just due to deficits in higher order aspects of cognition but also encompasses significant deficits in early sensory processing. Our study is useful to initiate new questions and recommendations for further studies, specifically on changes in the occipital lobe in the schizophrenic patient’s brain.
EFMI Inside - the Official Newsletter of the European Federation for Medical Informatics - 2022-1
Authors: Masic Izet , Chronaki Catherine
Published: November 2022

This is the issue of third volume of EFMI Inside - the official magazine of the European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI), founded in Lyon, France in August 2019, during “MEDINFO 2019” Conference and EFMI Council meeting. In this issue readers can find important information about events organized during 2022 by EFMI Working Groups and national Medical informatics associations, including the most influential Conference - 32nd MIE 2022 Conference held in Nice, France in May 2022, and EFMI STC held in Cardiff in September 22. This EFMI Inside issue contains important facts about other EFMI activities which needed to be recorded for people who couln’t be active participants at the evenings organized by EFMI and members of EFMI associatins.. Very important part of the issue is official report of the EFMI Council Secretary, Professor Alfred Winter about EFMI Council meetings during years 2020, 2021 and 2022 with included all important facts about EFMI activities during past, especialy during the mandate of Alfred Winter as Secretary from 2014 until 2022. It was the first time that all important facts about EFMI were completed at the one place and we decided to published it as some kind of historical bachground of EFMI for people who will continue managing EFMI Council and EFMI Board activities in the future.In this issue we also involved information about new elected Honorry Fellows during last three years and also obituaries about members who passed away, but their names need to be mentioned regarding its important contributions in the development of Medical informatics globaly and in its national organizatios, Some of chairs of Working Groups contributed with their reports in the past year who were actively involved in the development of Medical informatics in their countries, but also worldwide.
Prophylactic Measures in the Field of the Prevention of Intestinal Infections in Children and Adults
Authors: Tyurkina Elena , Chotchaev Robert , Paromova Yana , Godunova Galina , Sergeev Pavel , Kokareva Angelina
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the features of prophylactic measures in the field of preventing the development of intestinal
infections in children and adults. The author notes that taking proper measures on time in this area will reduce
the dynamics of the spread of such diseases, as well as the number of cases of intestinal infections among people.
The prevention measures which are considered in this work should be implemented in organizations, educational
institutions and public places. This will reduce the cost of the consequences of the spread of various intestinal infections
and preserve the health of adults and children, since the consequences of intestinal diseases can be significant for a
person and cause the development of various systemic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Effects of Metformin, Insulin on Hematological Parameters of COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Petakh Pavlo , Griga Vasilij , Mohammed Issah , Loshak Kateryna , Poliak Ivan , Kamyshnyiy Aleksandr
Published: November 2022

Background: COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-COV-2 can result in multi-organ injuries and significant mortality in severe and critical patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes as a comorbidity. Metformin and insulin are the main diabetes medications that affect the outcome of patients with COVID-19. Objective: The purpose of our study was to find out the features of the hematological indicators of patients with COVID-19 patients and type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the hospital confirmed COVID-19 patients between January to March 2022, who were admitted to Transcarpathian Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital (Uzhhorod, Ukraine). Results: The effect of type 2 diabetes, metformin, and insulin on COVID-19 were analyzed, respectively. Demographics and blood laboratory indices were collected. In patients who took metformin, the level of CRP was significantly lower than in patients who did not take metformin (24 mg/L [IQR 15 - 58] vs 52 mg/L, [IQR 22–121], P = 0.046). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that pre-admission metformin use may benefit COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of Translation Trends of the Modal Verb “Can” and Its Alternatives in Vietnamese Based on Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Huynh Cong Nguyen
Published: November 2022

As the author has observed, "can" and its English alternative modal verbs like "could", "may" or "might" are usually translated into Vietnamese under a general word: "có thể". However, those words do express not only the subject's ability or probability of happening of an event but also other meanings such as permission or general characteristics (Thomson and Martinet, 1986; Alexander, 1990; Eastwood, 1994). The question is that how we can grasp the tendencies of translating the modal verb "can" and its alternatives in specific situations into Vietnamese and vice versa without causing ambiguities or negative effects on target readers. Hence, the author decided to conduct the research with translation data which is combined from the source of 30 popular English books and their translation versions in the Vietnamese language, making a set of about 40,000 pairs of sentences to investigate how the modal verb "can" and other modal verbs are translated in Vietnamese with some basic statistics analyzed together with their pictorial graphs in order to highlight those translation trends.
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INVESTIGATOR'S PROCEDURAL DECISIONS
Authors: Попова И.П.
Published: November 2022

Вся деятельность лиц, в производстве которых находится уголовное дело, в целях достижения назначения уголовного судопроизводства сопровождается принятием решений и их исполнением. В ходе досудебного производства следователем также принимается значительное число различных процессуальных решений. Соблюдение требований к процессуальным решениям следователя обеспечивает эффективную защиту прав и законных интересов участников уголовного судопроизводства, вместе с тем их содержание носит дискуссионный характер. В статье раскрыты механизм принятия решения следователем и такие требования, как законность, обоснованность и мотивированность процессуальных решений.

All the activities of the persons in whose proceedings the criminal case is, in order to achieve the purpose of criminal proceedings, are accompanied by the adoption of decisions and their execution. During the pre-trial proceedings, the investigator also makes a significant number of different procedural decisions. Compliance with the requirements for procedural decisions of the investigator ensures effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings, at the same time their content is debatable. The article reveals the mechanism of decision-making by the investigator and such requirements as legality, validity and motivation of procedural decisions.
Archaeometric Review of The Tile Decorations in Hasankeyf Zeynel Bey Tomb with P-EDXRF
Authors: TURAN Emine , LEVENT Abdulkadir
Published: November 2022

Tile is known as a handicraft based on the production of items such as vases, jugs and pots by shaping the soil after cooking. It is defined as the covering material processed with colorful décor and motifs used in the decoration of items such as tiles, ceramics, porcelain plates and china making in the goods processed with the help of this material.

In this study, 7 Light Blue Glaze, 7 Navy Blue Glaze and 8 Unglazed Tile belonging to Zeynel Bey Tomb, a total of 22 tiles were analyzed in Hasankeyf Cultural Park where the tomb was moved with P-EDXRF.

As a result; The chemical contents of the 22 samples we examined on site were determined and compared with the previous studies. It was determined that the results obtained were compatible.
American English and Its Influence on British English
Authors: Mammadzada Sevinj
Published: November 2022

This article deals with the regional variants of English language and describes in detail the currently relevant reasons for the appearance of language dialects and their existence in modern English. The main theoretical basis of this research proves that one person’s individual speech is the result of mixing the regional varieties and their features. The research analyses foreign linguistical discussions about American variant of English and its influence on British English within different aspects. Various materials of scientific discussions, different authors’ ideas and various comments of Internet users are in the list of materials that were used in this article. Based on dynamic and temporal characteristics of a speech, the article highlights the key features of British and American English and their territorial varieties. It also examines the influence of American English on other regional variants on the pronunciation and grammatical norms. The main object of the study is English language with its regional varieties. Analysis shows that the language reflection stands for significant component of national and cultural self-knowledge of English people. The article expresses the influence of American English on British English: firstly, on everyday vocabulary, phrases and expressions. Secondly, in the case of the functional varieties, the American influence is present in the field of journalism, broadcasting (cinema, television, music and so on.), politics, travelling, economics and so on.