bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquidity Performance Evaluation of Select Steel Companies in India - Descriptive Study
Authors: Krishnamoorthi M.
Published: September 2016

To satisfy the daily needs of an industrial unit, management should think seriously about Liquidity. Working Capital is such of capital that with the help of which a business remains in working condition. It remains live for any business units, Working Capital can be said to be its life. The role of working capital in business is akin to that o heart in the human body. Funds are the life blood of business body. Just as the hart circulates the blood to various organs of body, funds are rotated to various business activities through proper working capital management and any obstruction in the smooth rotation of funds, may causes serious problem in business operations. The generating of income from assets is a very good position in the majority of large and mid-cap companies, but VISA and KALYANI fail to increase its return on assets due to inefficient and ineffective uses of assets, so these companies should take necessary step to increase income by effective utilization of assets.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 193-202
Endoscopic posterior interhemispheric complete corpus callosotomy
Authors: Sood Sandeep , Asano Eishi , Altinok Deniz , Luat Aimee
Published: September 2016

Traditionally corpus callosotomy is done through a craniotomy centered at the coronal suture, with the aid of a microscope. This involves dissecting through the interhemispheric fissure below the falx to reach the corpus callosum. The authors describe a posterior interhemispheric approach to complete corpus callosotomy with an endoscope, which bypasses the need to perform interhemispheric dissection because the falx is generally close to the corpus callosum in this region.
'Is Pastoralism Dead?' Between Nostalgia, Transmission and Maintenance of the Practice of Transhumant Cattle Herding in Mali
Authors: Leblon Anaïs
Published: September 2016

Following the inscription of Fulɓe transhumance festivals in the Inner Niger Delta (Mali) on the UNESCO List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2005, this article, based on several months of ethnographic research, focuses on the nostalgic evocation of changes in the transhumance practices. By working a step aside from the study of the official discussions of heritage, the author examines how these participants, who see a rupture from an idealised past, define this past and in particular maintain it in the discussions and practices of redefinition and revaluation of pastoralism, both for themselves and faced with representatives of the State and international heritage forums. The study of pastoral competitions, a symbol of lost exemplary pastoral work, serves as an example to analyse the debates surrounding the representations of rivalry and honour at the heart of transhumant pastoral practice in this region, as well as the feeling of loss and marginalisation expressed by the Fulɓe cattle owners, reflecting the territorial and land ownership challenges affecting the reclassification of the 'Cultural Space of the yaaral and degal' as a 'Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity'.
Individual Differences in the Post-Illumination Pupil Response to Blue Light: Assessment without Mydriatics
Authors: Bruijel Jessica , Van der Meijden Wisse , Bijlenga Denise , Dorani Farangis , Coppens Joris , Te Lindert Bart , Kooij J. , Van Someren Eus
Published: September 2016

Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells play an important role in the non-image forming effects of light, through their direct projections on brain circuits involved in circadian rhythms, mood and alertness. Individual differences in the functionality of the melanopsin-signaling circuitry can be reliably quantified using the maximum post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) after blue light. Previous protocols for acquiring PIPR relied on the use of mydriatics to dilate the light-exposed eye. However, pharmacological pupil dilation is uncomfortable for the participants and requires ophthalmological expertise. Hence, we here investigated whether an individual’s maximum PIPR can be validly obtained in a protocol that does not use mydriatics but rather increases the intensity of the light stimulus. In 18 participants (5 males, mean age ± SD: 34.6 ± 13.6 years) we evaluated the PIPR after exposure to intensified blue light (550 µW/cm2) provided to an undilated dynamic pupil. The test-retest reliability of the primary PIPR outcome parameter was very high, both between day-to-day assessments (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.85), as well as between winter and summer assessments (ICC = 0.83). Compared to the PIPR obtained with the use of mydriatics and 160 µW/cm2 blue light exposure, the method with intensified light without mydriatics showed almost zero bias according to Bland-Altman plots and had moderate to strong reliability (ICC = 0.67). In conclusion, for PIPR assessments, increasing the light intensity is a feasible and reliable alternative to pupil dilation to relieve the participant’s burden and to allow for performance outside the ophthalmological clinic.
Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater
Authors: Booth Mark , Fielder D.
Published: September 2016

This study was done to determine if fortification of a commercial aquafeed with KCl could improve the survival of juvenile Australian snapper Pagrus auratus reared in K+ deficient saline groundwater (KDSGW; <5 mg K+ L−1). Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) tested whether feeding an aquafeed fortified with zero, 25, or 50 g KCl kg−1 for 6 days affected feed intake and survival of fish transferred immediately from estuarine water to KDSGW of the equivalent salinity (20 g·L−1). Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) investigated whether an aquafeed fortified with zero, 10, or 25 g KCl kg−1 affected survival, feed intake, and growth rate (SGR) of snapper reared in KDSGW fortified to have 40% or 100% the [K+] of equivalent salinity estuarine water (20 g·L−1). The results of Exp. 1 demonstrated there was no benefit of fortifying aquafeed with KCl; fish transferred into KDSGW stopped feeding and developed symptoms akin to tetany. Some individuals also died and others became moribund. Exp. 1 was terminated according to animal care and ethics guidelines. The results of Exp. 2 indicated the amount of KCl added to the aquafeed did not affect survival, feed intake, or food conversion ratio (FCR) of snapper, irrespective of water treatment. However, SGR and FCR was better when fish were reared in normal estuarine water and KDSGW fortified to have 100% the [K+] of equivalent salinity estuarine water. Our results demonstrated that juvenile snapper were unable to utilize the KCl added to the aquafeed and were probably reliant on sequestering K+ ions from the water column in order to maintain functions involving hydromineral homeostasis. Fortification of aquafeeds with KCl does not ameliorate the negative effects of KDSWG on the survival of juvenile snapper.
Payoff Shares in Two-Player Contests
Authors: Häfner Samuel , Nöldeke Georg
Published: September 2016

In imperfectly discriminating contests with symmetric valuations, equilibrium payoffs are positive shares of the value of the prize. In contrast to a bargaining situation, players’ shares sum to less than one because a residual share of the value is lost due to rent dissipation. In this paper, we consider contests with two players and investigate the relationship between these equilibrium shares and the parameters of a class of asymmetric Tullock contest success functions. Our main finding is that any players’ shares that sum up to less than one can arise as the unique outcome of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium for appropriate parameters.
Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques in Animal Models
Authors: Gargiulo Sara , Gramanzini Matteo , Mancini Marcello
Published: September 2016

Atherosclerosis is characterized by intimal plaques of the arterial vessels that develop slowly and, in some cases, may undergo spontaneous rupture with subsequent heart attack or stroke. Currently, noninvasive diagnostic tools are inadequate to screen atherosclerotic lesions at high risk of acute complications. Therefore, the attention of the scientific community has been focused on the use of molecular imaging for identifying vulnerable plaques. Genetically engineered murine models such as ApoE−/− and ApoE−/−Fbn1C1039G+/− mice have been shown to be useful for testing new probes targeting biomarkers of relevant molecular processes for the characterization of vulnerable plaques, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, P-selectin, and integrins, and for the potential development of translational tools to identify high-risk patients who could benefit from early therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the main animal models of vulnerable plaques, with an emphasis on genetically altered mice, and the state-of-the-art preclinical molecular imaging strategies.
A 4.1 W/mm2 Hybrid Inductive/Capacitive Converter for 2–140 mA-DVS Load under Inductor
Authors: Kudva Sudhir , Chaubey Saurabh , Harjani Ramesh
Published: September 2016

This work presents a fully integrated hybrid inductive/capacitive converter maintaining high efficiency for a load range of 2 mA to 140 mA (70×) suitable for the dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) based loads. This high efficiency is achieved by using an inductive converter for higher loads (15–140 mA, 0.50–0.9 V) and a capacitive converter for lighter loads (2–5 mA, 0.40–0.55 V) with a 50 mV hysteresis margin. A digital state machine activates the appropriate converter based on the power efficiency and enables the converter hand-over. The functional feasibility of implementing digital circuits as representative loads under the inductor is shown thereby increasing the peak converter power density from 0.387 W/mm2 to 4.1 W/mm2 with only a minor hit on the efficiency. The maximum measured efficiency is achieved in inductive mode of operation and decreases from 76.4% to 71% when digital circuits are present under the inductor. The design was fabricated in IBM’s 32 nm SOI technology.
Micro/Nano Devices for Chemical Analysis
Authors: Tokeshi Manabu , Sato Kiichi
Published: September 2016

Since the concept of micro total analysis systems (µ-TAS) has been advocated, various kinds of micro/nano devices have been developed by researchers in many ﬁelds, such as in chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electric engineering, biology, and medicine, among others.[...]
A Highly Efficient and Reusable Palladium(II)/Cationic 2,2’-Bipyridyl-Catalyzed Stille Coupling in Water
Authors: Wu Wei-Yi , Liu Ling-Jun , Chang Fen-Ping , Cheng Yu-Lun , Tsai Fu-Yu
Published: September 2016

A water-soluble PdCl2(NH3)2/cationic 2,2′-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for Stille coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with organostannanes. The coupling reaction was conducted at 110 °C in water, under aerobic conditions, in the presence of NaHCO3 as a base to afford corresponding Stille coupling products in good to high yields. When aryltributylstannanes were employed, the reactions proceeded smoothly under a very low catalyst loading (as little as 0.0001 mol %). After simple extraction, the residual aqueous phase could be reused in subsequent runs, making this Stille coupling economical. In the case of tetramethylstannane, however, a greater catalyst loading (1 mol %) and the use of tetraethylammonium iodide as a phase-transfer agent were required in order to obtain satisfactory yields.
Anticancer Efficacy of Polyphenols and Their Combinations
Authors: Niedzwiecki Aleksandra , Roomi Mohd , Kalinovsky Tatiana , Rath Matthias
Published: September 2016

Polyphenols, found abundantly in plants, display many anticarcinogenic properties including their inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis. In addition, they can modulate immune system response and protect normal cells against free radicals damage. Most investigations on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols were conducted with individual compounds. However, several studies, including ours, have indicated that anti-cancer efficacy and scope of action can be further enhanced by combining them synergistically with chemically similar or different compounds. While most studies investigated the anti-cancer effects of combinations of two or three compounds, we used more comprehensive mixtures of specific polyphenols and mixtures of polyphenols with vitamins, amino acids and other micronutrients. The mixture containing quercetin, curcumin, green tea, cruciferex, and resveratrol (PB) demonstrated significant inhibition of the growth of Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 secretion, cell migration and invasion through Matrigel. PB was found effective in inhibition of fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and melanoma A2058 cell proliferation, MMP-2 and -9 expression, invasion through Matrigel and inducing apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention. A combination of polyphenols (quercetin and green tea extract) with vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients (EPQ) demonstrated significant suppression of ovarian cancer ES-2 xenograft tumor growth and suppression of ovarian tumor growth and lung metastasis from IP injection of ovarian cancer A-2780 cells. The EPQ mixture without quercetin (NM) also has shown potent anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro in a few dozen cancer cell lines by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, MMP-2 and -9 secretion, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell growth as well as induction of apoptosis. The presence of vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients could enhance inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on secretion of MMPs. In addition, enrichment of NM with quercetin (EPQ mix) enhanced anticancer activity of NM in vivo. In conclusion, polyphenols, especially in combination with other polyphenols or micronutrients, have been shown to be effective against multiple targets in cancer development and progression, and should be considered as safe and effective approaches in cancer prevention and therapy.
Forced-Air Warming Provides Better Control of Body Temperature in Porcine Surgical Patients
Authors: Dent Brian , Stevens Karla , Clymer Jeffrey
Published: September 2016

Background: Maintaining normothermia during porcine surgery is critical in ensuring subject welfare and recovery, reducing the risk of immune system compromise and surgical-site infection that can result from hypothermia. In humans, various methods of patient heating have been demonstrated to be useful, but less evaluation has been performed in techniques to prevent hypothermia perioperatively in pigs. Methods: We compared body temperature regulation during surgery before and after modification of the ambient temperature of the operating laboratories. Three different methods of heating were then compared; a standard circulating water mattress, a resistive fabric blanket, and a forced hot air system. The primary measure was percentage of temperature readings outside a specification range of 36.7–40.0 °C. Results: Tighter control of the ambient temperature while using a circulating water mattress reduced the occurrence of out-of-specification body temperature readings from 20.8% to 5.0%, with most of these the result of hypothermia. Use of a resistive fabric blanket further reduced out-of-specification readings to 1.5%, with a slight increase in the occurrence of hyperthermia. Use of a forced air system reduced out-of-specification readings to less 0.1%. Conclusions: Maintenance of normothermia perioperatively in pig can be improved by tightly controlling ambient temperatures. Use of a resistive blanket or a forced air system can lead to better control than a circulating water mattress, with the forced air system providing a faster response to temperature variations and less chance of hyperthermia.
Providing Evidence-Based, Intelligent Support for Flood Resilient Planning and Policy: The PEARL Knowledge Base
Authors: Karavokiros George , Lykou Archontia , Koutiva Ifigenia , Batica Jelena , Kostaridis Antonis , Alves Alida , Makropoulos Christos
Published: September 2016

While flood risk is evolving as one of the most imminent natural hazards and the shift from a reactive decision environment to a proactive one sets the basis of the latest thinking in flood management, the need to equip decision makers with necessary tools to think about and intelligently select options and strategies for flood management is becoming ever more pressing. Within this context, the Preparing for Extreme and Rare Events in Coastal Regions (PEARL) intelligent knowledge-base (PEARL KB) of resilience strategies is presented here as an environment that allows end-users to navigate from their observed problem to a selection of possible options and interventions worth considering within an intuitive visual web interface assisting advanced interactivity. Incorporation of real case studies within the PEARL KB enables the extraction of (evidence-based) lessons from all over the word, while the KB’s collection of methods and tools directly supports the optimal selection of suitable interventions. The Knowledge-Base also gives access to the PEARL KB Flood Resilience Index (FRI) tool, which is an online tool for resilience assessment at a city level available to authorities and citizens. We argue that the PEARL KB equips authorities with tangible and operational tools that can improve strategic and operational flood risk management by assessing and eventually increasing resilience, while building towards the strengthening of risk governance. The online tools that the PEARL KB gives access to were demonstrated and tested in the city of Rethymno, Greece.
Infection surveillance in nursing homes in Stockholm County, Sweden, 2005 - 2014
Authors: Tammelin Ann
Published: September 2016

Swedish nursing homes are obliged to have a management system for systematic quality work including self-monitoring of which surveillance of infections is one part. The Department of Infection Control in Stockholm County Council has provided a simple system for infection surveillance to the nursing homes in Stockholm County since 2002. A form is filled in by registered nurses in the nursing homes at each episode of infection among the residents. A bacterial infection is defined by antibiotic prescribing and a viral infection by clinical signs and symptoms. Yearly reports of numbers of infections in each nursing home and calculated normalized figures for incidence, i.e. infections per 100 residents per year, as well as proportion of residents with urinary catheter are delivered to the medically responsible nurses in each municipality by the Department of Infection Control. Number of included residents has varied from 4,531 in 2005 to 8,157 in 2014 with a peak of 10,051 in 2009. The yearly incidences during 2005 - 2014 (cases per 100 residents) were: Urinary tract infection (UTI) 7.9-16.0, Pneumonia 3.7-5.3, Infection of chronic ulcer 3.4–6.8, Other infection in skin or soft tissue 1.4–2.9, Clostridium difficile-infection 0.2–0.7, Influenza 0–0.4 and Viral gastroenteritis 1.2–3.7. About 1 % of the residents have a suprapubic urinary catheter, 6–7 % have an indwelling urinary catheter. Knowledge about the incidence of UTI has contributed to the decrease of this infection both in residents with and without urinary catheter.
Radial Head and Neck Allograft for Comminute Irreparable Fracture-Dislocations of the Elbow
Authors: Bisicchia Salvatore , Tudisco Cosimo
Published: September 2016

Fracture-dislocations of the elbow can be difficult to treat, with unsatisfactory results in some cases. In general, it is preferable to preserve the fractured radial head when possible, but some patients present a unique treatment challenge because of extremely comminuted fractures and bone loss. In these cases, the only options available are radial head prosthesis or allograft. The authors present a case of a 45-year-old man with a fracture-dislocation of the left elbow that was treated with an allograft of the radial head and neck because of extreme comminution of the fracture. There have been a few reports about osteochondral allograft transplantation of the radial head, and they all included traumatic or posttraumatic cases treated with a frozen allograft. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on the use of osteochondral allograft in the acute setting for the treatment of a comminuted fracture of the radius involving the whole head and neck. The clinical results were satisfactory at the final follow-up, although mild degenerative changes were present, the screws were coming loose, and the radial head had a slight valgus deformity. Radial head allograft can be an option in selected cases of acute fractures with severe comminution and bone loss that are not amenable to a stable internal fixation; for the young and active patient, who is not the best candidate for radial head resection; or in cases in which radial head arthroplasty is not feasible because of severe bone loss. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1205–e1208.]
Tapices de Escenas mitológicas tejidos en los talleres bruselenses de Jacques van der Borcht (h. 1650-h.1709-1713) y Albert Auwercx (1629-1709): Nueva documentación
Authors: García Calvo Margarita
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se aporta una documentación inédita sobre dos tapicerías de Escenas mitológicas tejidas en las conocidas manufacturas de Albert Auwercx y de Jacques van der Borcht. Con la firma de este segundo tejedor se conserva en Viena (Kunsthistorisches Museum) un conjunto de tapices, que se corresponde en su mayoría con los descritos en este documento, que proporciona además interesantes novedades acerca de los pintores que participaron en el diseño de los modelos de esta serie.
Un artista cortesano en la Barcelona de Carlos III de Austria: apuntes prosopográficos sobre Andrea Vaccaro II
Authors: Quirós Rosado Roberto
Published: September 2016

La diversidad de focos de introducción de la cultura de corte italiana en los inicios del siglo XVIII español obliga a indagar en la circulación de artistas napolitanos en la Barcelona de Carlos III de Austria. Bajo esta premisa, en el estudio se analiza la estancia catalana del desconocido pintor napolitano Andrea Vaccaro II, sus lazos con la Real Cámara y el ministerio español del monarca Habsburgo, así como la concesión de oficios en los tribunales de Nápoles como pago por servicios en palacio.
Facultad de Derecho. Barcelona
Authors: López Íñigo Pedro , Giráldez  Dávila Guillermo , Subías Fagés Javier
Published: September 2016

Uno de los mejores ejemplos de arquitectura moderna española, lo constituye, sin lugar a dudas, la nueva Facultad de Derecho, construida en el núcleo universitario barcelonés. Su carácter y espíritu avanzado, basado en el estado actual de nuestra técnica, son puestos de manifiesto en el texto que nos envían sus propios autores.
Edificios del reactor nuclear experimental. Madrid
Authors: De Cabanyes Cayetano
Published: September 2016

La antigua división entre edificios industriales y edificios arquitectónicos está siendo felizmente superada en España, y los campos específicos de la Arquitectura y de la Ingeniería tienden a mezclarse y a ser tratados conjuntamente por ambas técnicas. Sólo beneficios cabe esperar de este trabajo combinado, y el reconocimiento de que el todo orgánico de un gran edificio no se podrá nunca reducir a una de sus partes (arquitectura, estructura, instalaciones), puede ser la base para una mejor productividad nacional en este campo de la edificación.
Calder hall, central para el aprovechamiento de energía nuclear
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: September 2016

La nueva central nuclear de Calder Hall, situada en el noroeste de Inglaterra, próxima a las costas de Cumberland, ha constituido el primer paso decisivo que plasma en realidad lo que hasta hace poco no salía de la vía de ensayos y laboratorios; es decir: el aprovechamiento de la energía nuclear en los medios pacíficos industriales. A los ingleses corresponde, pues, el primer puesto en esta vanguardia inquieta del progreso científico del que tanto se espera.
Los ruidos en las edificaciones III
Authors: Tobío J. M.
Published: September 2016

No disponible
Analysis of Coir Fiber Reinforced Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) and Poly-Propylene (PP) Polymeric Composite
Authors: Bansal Sahas , Ramachandran M. , Raichurkar Pramod
Published: September 2016

Green composites shaped by mixture of biodegradable polymers and natural fibers have spellbound massive interest in current years due to their environmentally valuable properties and also to decrease our dependency on the non-renewable resources. Due to the environmental advantages and light weight of natural fibers, an increasing quantity of natural fibers has been used to replace synthetic fibers composites. Coir fiber poly-lactic acid (PLA)/ poly-propylene (PP) resin reinforced polymeric composites have been developed with 90o orientation. The composition of PLA and PP for resin preparation is taken in the ratio 95:05 whereas for the composite, resins and coir fiber in 80:20. The compression molding technique is applied and then the tests are carried out. Mechanical tests (Impact and Hardness), Micro structural analysis (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Optical Imaging) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry are conducted. According to the investigational verification, the new biodegradable composite shows significant results on par with synthetic/ man made composites and the advantages of using bio-composites has been indicated with simplicity.
Mechanical and Micro-Structural Behavior of Lignite Coal Based Fly-Ash and Microsphere Reinforced Al 6061 Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Ilandjezian R. , Gopalakannan S.
Published: September 2016

Metal-matrix composites (MMC’s) have considerably enhanced properties including high specific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to non-reinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersions used, fly-ash is one of the most less-expensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in Thermal power plants. Alternatively Microspheres derived from the fly ash is also used as reinforcement in Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite to enhance the material properties. Hence, MMC’s uses fly ash and its derivatives used as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and other industrial applications.Similarly particulate reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite are gaining importance because of their low cost with advantages like isotropic properties and the possibility of secondary processing facilitating fabrication of secondary components. The Stir casting method based particulate reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites have higher specific strength, specific modulus and good wear resistance as compared to non-reinforced Al-alloys. They find wide applications in automobile and aerospace because of their excellent combination of physical, mechanical and tribological properties. Primarily because of their high specific strength and stiffness, these composite materials could also be used in Automobiles weight reduction and other applications. In this work a comparative study between Fly ash and Fly ash derived Microsphere base Al-MMC is explained in lucid manner.
Effect and Contribution of Weld Parameters on Peak Temperature during Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Selvaraj M. , Ananthapadmanaban D. , Nalla Mohamed M.
Published: September 2016

This paper discusses the effect of weld parameters on peak temperature during the friction stir welding process. The weld parameters such as rotational speed and welding speed are considered for this analysis. Friction stir welding trails were conducted on 6 mm AA6061-T6 plates for different combination of process parameters using Taguchi orthogonal array. Thermocouples were inserted into the plates at different distances from weld center line and temperatures were measured during friction stir welding at regular intervals. Using the Taguchi method, Peak temperature is calculated for untried combinations of process parameters. Graphs depicting the effect of different weld parameters on the peak temperature were presented and analyzed.
Experimental Study on Effect of Machining Parameters and Environment on Drilling Characteristics of Stainless Steel 304
Authors: Jayaganth A. , Deepak Mani A. , Jayakumar K.
Published: September 2016

Stainless Steel 304 (SS304) is a non magnetic material and has excellent corrosion resistance and forming characteristics which is mainly used in chemical, petrochemical, aerospace industries, etc. Few examples are kitchen wares, cryogenic vessels, surgical equipments and heat exchangers. However, most of these components require different machining processes to produce the desired product or assembly. But, during machining of SS 304, industries are facing major difficulties such as high tool wear and poor surface finish due to low thermal conductivity and high built up edge (BUE) tendency. Many researchers started working towards machinability of SS304 in different machining processes. Among these, few works have been started on drilling of this material. Drilling process is mainly used for assembly of structural parts and also used as primary process for boring, reaming, etc. By considering the above applications and challenges in machining of this material, the present study analyzes the effect of cutting speed, feed and machining environment on surface roughness and machining time during drilling process.Drilling experiments have been conducted in a jig boring machine using 10 mm diameter HSS twist drill bit by varying cutting speed (16, 22 and 28 m/min), feed (0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 mm/rev) and machining environment (dry, normal soluble oil flood coolant and kerosene) as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The results indicated that, average surface roughness (Ra) increased from 2.088 μm to 6.647 μm when increase in cutting speed and feed. Roughness value decreased for kerosene environment compare to dry and coolant environment. Also, machining time decreased from 15.01 second to 5.58 second when increase in cutting speed and feed along with kerosene environment compared to dry and flood coolant condition.
Preparation, Properties and Machinability Study of Luffa Fiber - Groundnut Shell Reinforced Epoxy Composite
Authors: Panneerdhass R. , Gnanavelbabu A. , Rajkumar K.
Published: September 2016

The need for eco-friendly materials and non-polluting processing techniques has made natural fibre reinforced polymer composites as potential candidates to replace GFRPS and CFRPS in semi structural applications. Ground nut shell and luffa fibre are easily available in the market at low cost. Polymer composites consisting of 30%, and 40% volume fractions of a hybrid reinforcement containing groundnut shell and luffa fibre in epoxy resin were fabricated by hand lay-up technique with varying process parameters, the variation in the mechanical properties such as tensile, compressive, flexure and impact strength are studied. The optimum mechanical properties were obtained in 40% of fiber volume fraction of treated fiber composites the machinability study was performed by drilling experiments using a drilling machine with drill tool dynamometer. Two input parameters, cutting speed and feed rate and the one output parameter, thrust force, were used for the drilling process. TiAlN coated solid carbide and hss drills were employed in the drilling experiments and a comparative study was made based on the output parameters. Solid carbide resulted in lower thrust force values and feed rate proved to be the most influential parameter on thrust force.
Estimation of Aerosol Emission in Die Sinking EDM Process through Numerical Modelling
Authors: Nalla Mohamed M. , Sylvya Rebecca J.
Published: September 2016

Emission of metallic particulate (aerosol) is an important hazard associated with the EDM process. These emissions can cause adverse health effects to the operators and has a direct impact on the environment. Therefore, concurrent investigations of the aerosol emission and machining aspects of the EDM process are essential for achieving hygienic and efficient machining. The aerosol emission from the process is directly related to the temperature at the process location. Hence, this paper first addresses a numerical model that quantifies the temperature distribution on the surface of a work piece and tool using ANSYS® 14.5. The model first calculates the temperature distribution in the workpiece material and then Material Removal Rate above the boiling temperature of workpiece and tool were estimated from the temperature profiles. Then, a model that quantifies the aerosol generated from EDM process is developed using energy balance and heat transfer equations. Validation of model has been done by comparing the results against the published experimental results obtained under the same process parameters. A good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical results. The model used in this paper can predict the level of emissions at different process locations in order to suggest suitable process conditions for green manufacturing.
Experimental Investigation and Finite Element Analysis of Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy by Studying Cutting Forces and Chip Microstructure
Authors: Shivaram P.R. , Sushinder K. , Nivedh Kannaa S.B. , Gupta Nisarg , Sekar K.S. Vijay
Published: September 2016

Titanium alloys are commonly used for many aerospace and medical applications because of their properties like high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance and heat treatment capabilities. But, due to the factors like low thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity with the cutting tool, it poses a challenge for the machining operations. In this study, a 3D Finite Element Model of the milling process of Ti-6Al-4V, titanium alloy has been developed using Deform 3D FE software. Milling was done experimentally under different speeds and feed rates using a Tungsten carbide end mill cutter. The cutting forces obtained from FEM study were compared and validated with the experimental results. The machinability of the Titanium alloy was investigated using cutting forces and chip microstructure.
Effect of Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Plasma Transferred Arc Welded SS 202 Plates
Authors: Ravichandran Manickam , Sabarirajan Navaneethan , Sathish Thanikodi , Saravanan Sekar
Published: September 2016

Plasma arc welding is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from a constricted arc setup between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece material. In the present work, the 6 mm thick stainless steel 202 plates are welded using plasma transferred arc welding. The welding parameters such as powder feed rate, welding voltage and welding current were carefully selected. The effect of these parameters on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and hardness of the joints were studied. As a result, the increase in tensile strength and impact strength was obtained for the high current, low voltage and powder feed rate. But the highest hardness was attained for the joints made at low current, low feed rate and low voltage.
A Review on Developing Surface Composites Using Friction Surfacing
Authors: Mohanasundaram S. , Vijay S.J. , Karthikeyan M.
Published: September 2016

Friction surfacing is an localized surface modification process of depositing consumable materials over substrate. FS, utilizes FSW technology allows joining of materials while avoiding the brittle intermetallic formations, involving temperatures below melting point and producing fine grained structure, results in exhibiting bond integrity and enhanced surface properties, reducing the costs associated with energy consumption and consumables. The process is used for corrosion and wear resistant coatings and for reclamation of worn engineering components and for coating components using dissimilar materials. This review presents the essentials of FS, parameters used, performance features of this technique. This describes the influence of the process parameters on surface properties of the surface composites produced and evaluated of the different materials. The FS is compared with other coating processes, and some of the applications are emphasized. The paper also discusses on few trails of FS made by the authors and the results of which is presented.
Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Behaviour of Reinforced Hybrid Composites of Uniaxial Glass Fiber with Silicon Carbide, Aluminium Oxide and Graphite
Authors: Narendiranath Babu T. , Jain Prasham , Sharma Bipin Kumar
Published: September 2016

In recent years, both industrial and academic world are focussing their attention towards the development of sustainable composites, reinforced with fibres. In particular, among the fibres that can be used as reinforcement, the uniaxial glass fiber ones represent the most interesting for their properties. The aim of this work is to illustrate the results of friction and wear behaviour of uniaxial glass fibers with silicon carbide, aluminium oxide and graphite as the fillers. Moreover, its main manufacturing technologies have been described. The major component of these hybrid composite is uniaxial glass fibre with Epoxy LY556 (Resin). Hardener HY951 is used for hardening and support. Resin + Hardener are mixed in the ratio 10:1 and the mixture made up is called Matrix. Test materials of glass Fibre with varying compositions of 15% Al2O3 + SiC and glass fibre with varying compositions of 15% Graphite + SiC have been prepared by applying the matrix on glass cloth which is wrapped around the mandrel. The samples were tested in a pin-on-disc machine to determine the friction and wear losses. Further, the samples were tested on a pin-on-disc machine and frictional characteristics were monitored by varying speed and loads. Thus, the friction and wear characteristics have also been found out for the two specimens. From the experimental test results, it is observed that Al2O3 +Sic exihibits lower wear loss than SiC + Graphite under dry sliding conditions. Based on the observations, this hybrid composite are recommended to the manufacturing of the aircraft structures.
Core Variation in an Externally Pressurized Converging Thrust Bearing with Bingham Lubricant
Authors: Amalraj I. Jayakaran , Raymand G. Alexander
Published: September 2016

The effects of angle of convergence on the shape and thickness of the core are analyzed theoretically by considering variable film thickness in an externally pressurized circular thrust bearing. Using the assumptions of the lubrication theory, modified Reynold’s equation and the governing equations are obtained. Using the boundary conditions of the problem in the constitutive equations we get the velocity of the core region as well as flow region. By considering the equilibrium of an element in the yield surface, an algebraic equation to determine the thickness of the yield surface is derived. Numerical solutions are obtained for the thickness of yield surface and velocities for various values of Bingham Numbers and the angle of convergence.
Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Dry Sliding Wear Parameters on Solid Lubricant Reinforced Bronze Matrix Composites - A Taguchi Approach
Authors: Sangaravadivel P. , Natarajan N. , Krishnaraj V.
Published: September 2016

This present study aims to investigate the dry sliding wear behaviour of tungsten disulfide (WS2) particle reinforced bronze matrix composite against surface hardened steel and to discover the optimum wear parameter values such as applied load, sliding distance, sliding velocity and volume fraction of reinforcement to reduce the specific wear rate. The composite specimens were fabricated by liquid metallurgy route by varying the volume fraction of solid lubricant particles and prepared as per American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) G99-95. The experiments were carried out based on Taguchi design of experiments technique with L27 orthogonal array. The wear tests were conducted in pin-on disc wear testing machine for different loads - 20N, 40N and 60N, sliding velocities - 2.09m/s, 2.62 m/s and 3.14m/s and sliding distances of 600m, 1200m and 1800m in unlubricated conditions. The significant influence of wear parameters on sliding wear, interactions and optimum combination of wear parameter values to minimize the wear rate were obtained by signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results demonstrated that inclusion of tungsten disulfide particles decreased the wear rate of bronze and also the increases in amount of secondary phase increase the wear resistance of composites. The effect of solid lubricant particle on interfacial temperature was also studied and reported. It was found that percentage of solid lubricant and load are the most significant factors influencing the friction and wear properties of composites. The results revealed that, WS2 particle reinforced bronze matrix composites were the potential component can be replaced for pure bronze products in wear resistance applications.
An Optimization of Erosive Wear on AA 2618 Reinforced with SI3N4, AlN and ZrB2 In Situ Composites
Authors: Mathan Kumar N. , Senthil Kumaran S. , Kumaraswamidhas L.A.
Published: September 2016

In this investigation, AA 2618 is taken as the matrix material and Si3N4 (Silicon Nitride), AlN (Aluminium Nitride) and ZrB2 (Zirconium Boride) are taken as the reinforcement material. The reinforcements are mixed with the matrix in various X weight percentages (wt %) (X=0, 2, 4, 6, 8) by stir casting method. According to the ASTM standard AA 2618 composites were prepared with various wt % to find the mass loss in erosion test. The samples were imposed with various input conditions to obtain minimum mass loss for AA 2618 composites. Taguchi method was used to find the maximum influenced process parameter for mass loss and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method was adopted for finding the percentage of contribution of each process parameters
Simulation of Erosion Wear in Slurry Pipe Line Using CFD
Authors: Kannojiya Vikas , Kumar Satish , Kanwar Mani , Mohapatra S.K.
Published: September 2016

Erosion is a serious problem faced in many industries that includes the transport of sand and water slurry in slurry pipe line. This paper emphasizes on the investigation of erosion on a mild steel straight pipe at different parameters including fluid velocity, particle size and concentration. The fluid velocity is selected in the range of 2.5-10 m/s using computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS-CFX. Sand particle within the size range of 100-400 µm size and concentration 5%-15% are used in this study. An Euler-Lagrange approach is used to solve the multiphase flow phenomenon. A horizontal pipe of diameter 100 mm and length 1 m (10 times of diameter) is considered for the study. The stochastic model of Sommerfeld will be used to account the wall roughness of pipe. It is also observed that the erosion wear in the pipeline strongly depends on fluid velocity, particle size and concentration.
Vibration Analysis of Mixed Flow Pump Impeller Blade Designed Using Mean Stream Line Method
Authors: Zindani Divya , Roy Apurba Kumar , Kumar Kaushik
Published: September 2016

Mixed flow pumps applications have been exploited in a large number of diversified fields of engineering. They find applications as an important component in waste water treatment systems, power stations, irrigation systems etc. User requirements make these pumps to work very close to the functioning requirements and therefore under these conditions the vibrations are bound to occur in different moving components of the pump. It would be difficult to analyse the pump vibrations, considering the pump as a single system. Analysing vibrations in different moving components of the pump will not only be easier but also will aid in reducing the vibrations at the microscopic level. As a subject of the present paper, the mixed flow pump impeller blade has been designed using sparingly used yet accurate mean stream line theory. Modal analysis of the pump blade has been carried out at different modes of frequency. Total deformation for different modes of frequencies has also been determined. Stainless steel has been used as the construction material of the impeller blade.
Design of Reverse Flow Blockage Device for Reactor Coolant Pumps
Authors: Aravindan S. , Ram Manda Bhagwana , Sreedharan K.V. , Athmalingam S. , Balasubramaniyan V.
Published: September 2016

Future Sodium cooled Fast Reactors (SFR) in India, are being designed with 3 Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP). Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) are used in pumping the coolant fluid through the reactor core. As the RCPs are operating in parallel, failure of one pump will result in a significant portion of the pumped coolant to bypass the core via tripped RCP. Thus, the reactor has to be shut down and the tripped RCP has to be replaced, which results in down time. Operation of reactor with only two RCP (2/3 mode) will supplement the power generation. Henceforth, if the flow path through the tripped RCP is made highly resistant as compared to the core, then eventually, flow from the two operating RCPs will go through reactor core. Such a flow blocking/resisting arrangement can also provide the flexibility during reactor startup. A cylindrical shell is designed for closing the suction passage of the pump and the shell is raised or lowered from above the roof slab with the help of tie-rods. The cylindrical shell (sleeve shell) is designed to withstand water hammer shock due to inadvertent sudden closure of the suction passage. To determine the shell thickness, pump performance curves are developed based on reactor operating conditions. The sleeve shell will not be able to perfectly close the suction passage as space is required for movement of sleeve shell over the pump shell, thus a study is performed on incorporating a labyrinth to minimize the leakage.
Design and Analysis of Base Valve of Twin Tube Dampers
Authors: Bhuyan Dheeman , Kumar Kaushik
Published: September 2016

In this article we seek to model a base valve of a twin tube shock absorber and study the behaviour of the valve under loaded conditions replacing a mono tube shock absorber. A top down approach was adopted for this work wherein a commercially available shock absorber was stripped down to obtain the individual valves inside. Product teardown was done for the various subassemblies and the base valve was isolated. Modelling was done in PTC Creo 2.0 and the FEA study for the stress and flow analysis was done using ANSYS 15.0. The materials as well as the hydraulic fluid selected for the design were validated and proved to give a better performance than a mono tube shock absorber currently being used in automobiles.