bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging New Zealand's Crustal Structure Using Ambient Seismic Noise Recordings from Permanent and Temporary Instruments
Authors:   , Behr Yannik
Published: November 2021

We use ambient seismic noise to image the crust and uppermost mantle, and to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of the noise field itself, and examine the way in which those characteristics may influence imaging results. Surface wave information extracted from ambient seismic noise using cross-correlation methods significantly enhances our knowledge of the crustal and uppermost mantle shear-velocity structure of New Zealand. We assemble a large dataset of three-component broadband continuous seismic data from temporary and permanent seismic stations, increasing the achievable resolution of surface wave velocity maps in comparison to a previous study. Three-component data enables us to examine both Rayleigh and Love waves using noise cross-correlation functions. Employing a Monte Carlo inversion method, we invert Rayleigh and Love wave phase and group velocity dispersion curves separately for spatially averaged isotropic shear velocity models beneath the Northland Peninsula. The results yield first-order radial anisotropy estimates of 2% in the upper crust and up to 15% in the lower crust, and estimates of Moho depth and uppermost mantle velocity compatible with previous studies. We also construct a high-resolution, pseudo-3D image of the shear-velocity distribution in the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the central North Island using Rayleigh and Love waves. We document, for the first time, the lateral extent of low shear-velocity zones in the upper and mid-crust beneath the highly active Taupo Volcanic Zone, which have been reported previously based on spatially confined 1D shear-velocity profiles. Attributing these low shear-velocities to the presence of partial melt, we use an empirical relation to estimate an average percentage of partial melt of < 4:2% in the upper and middle crust. Analysis of the ambient seismic noise field in the North Island using plane wave beamforming and slant stacking indicates that higher mode Rayleigh waves can be detected, in addition to the fundamental mode. The azimuthal distributions of seismic noise sources inferred from beamforming are compatible with high near-coastal ocean wave heights in the period band of the secondary microseism (~7 s). Averaged over 130 days, the distribution of seismic noise sources is azimuthally homogeneous, indicating that the seismic noise field is well-suited to noise cross-correlation studies. This is underpinned by the good agreement of our results with those from previous studies. The effective homogeneity of the seismic noise field and the large dataset of noise cross-correlation functions we here compiled, provide the cornerstone for future studies of ambient seismic noise and crustal shear velocity structure in New Zealand.
My Friends Always Know When I’m Sad: How Children’s Emotion Understanding is Associated with Socio-Emotional Development
Authors:   , Lamb Brylee
Published: November 2021

The current study examined whether prosocial, social, and psychological development in children are more strongly associated with an overall understanding of emotions, or whether certain aspects of development are associated with specific components of emotion understanding. 38 children aged between 6 and 9 years old were administered the Test of Emotion Comprehension and the Kusche Affective Interview-Revised. Their parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overall emotion understanding was found to be associated with conduct problems. Specific components of emotion understanding were associated with peer and emotional problems and inattention-hyperactivity. Prosocial behaviour was not significantly associated with emotion understanding. Results suggest that social and psychological development are primarily associated with specific components of emotion understanding rather than overall understanding.
Predicting Archeology: Static Architecture in Time
Authors:   , Davies Jack
Published: November 2021

The explosion of computer propelled technology has affected architectural creation in every way. Achitecture as space is now considered corporeal from the moment the computer screen is powered. Time as a design driver’s resonance is being diluted in favour of material performance and manipulating capacity, yet the natural world is being absorbed as an aesthetic driver in much of contemporary architecture. This technological change is asking users to change their perception on what architecture means to them if it is not physically located in-situ. Architecture as a discipline is shifting to one that sits atop site, rather than growing from. This thesis asks whether natural elements are being misinterpreted when tranlated into digital space. It questions the aesthetics of parametric architecture when the notions of movement and speed are applied, and asks if there is a possibility to create architcture that embodies archeological integrity from the moment of conception. The tension between Time and Movement are explored, not as being mutually exclusive, but as hand in hand. It examines ideas postulated by Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron and David Leatherbarrow, and hypothesises that manipulation of material, not material form, is the most important lens in which to discuss movement. The conclusions drawn first acknowledge the merits of architectural reproduction as necessary when postulating a position purely existing in printed media, thus requiring a level of interpretation into its repesentation. It identifies a site in need of an architecture to test the ideas, and produces a design solution concluding that architecture’s direction when applying digital creation should acknowledge a building’s place over time, rather than place in time.
Cave Art and the Evolution of the Human Mind
Authors:   , Gray Martin Paul
Published: November 2021

The discovery of cave paintings made by our Upper Paleolithic ancestors in Western Europe was an astonishing find – so astonishing, that they were originally believed to have been fakes. However, as more sites were uncovered, their authenticity was confirmed. But how could these people, who at the time of the discovery were believed to be merely dumb brutes, create such beautiful and naturalistic representations? And an even more difficult question to answer was, why? In this thesis I examine the phenomenon of Paleolithic cave art and what it might be able to tell us about the minds of the Cro-Magnon artists who produced it. I survey the paintings that have so far been discovered, as well as the processes involved in creating them. I also discuss and critique a selection of the many theories that have attempted to explain the motivation behind this radically different type of human behaviour. But due to the lack of hard evidence, none of these theories are ever likely to be fully substantiated. So a more promising line of investigation I take is to appraise the cognitive abilities Cro-Magnons would have needed to produce the paintings – and this then allows me to consider whether cave art was indicating any new cognitive development. I therefore highlight one of the effects that creating cave paintings had: it allowed information from the brain to be stored in the environment. But the manner in which this form of epistemic engineering might enhance human cognition is a hotly debated subject. I examine two theories: the extended mind hypothesis, and the theory of niche construction. In concluding this thesis, I argue that cave art seems more like an example of epistemic niche construction than a constituent of an extended mind.
MTV’s The Hills: A Leading American Docusoap
Authors:   , Currie Anna
Published: November 2021

This thesis explores the relatively uncharted academic territory of the American docusoap, and case studies The Hills as a pertinent example of this burgeoning television genre. Docusoap is a ‘mixed-genre’ that enhances factual material with the story-telling techniques of fictional drama. Whilst many academics have studied the origins of British docusoap and have registered the influence upon it of ‘public service’ objectives in programming, less attention has been paid to the emergence of the docusoap in the commercially-driven American television context. It is in this context that the docusoap has entailed a more overt blending of the attributes of ‘documentary’ and ‘soap opera’ for purely entertainment purposes. Testifying to the need to reconcile risk with conservatism in a commercially-driven schedule context, the generic mix within The Hills draws from the genres of soap opera and ‘reality’ TV, both of which bring the advantages and assurances of a well-demonstrated audience popularity. Having recently completed its sixth and final season, The Hills exemplifies current developments within the American docusoap form. This docusoap details the lives of a group of attractive, affluent young people in their early twenties who work and socialise within the entertainment and fashion industries of Los Angeles. Significantly, The Hills maintains the voyeuristic allure of a ‘reality’ TV premise and enhances this by adapting the melodramatic aesthetics and distinctive narrative strategies of soap opera to a degree that is more overt than other docusoaps, aside, of course, from that which characterised its forerunner, Laguna Beach. This thesis undertakes a close examination of the generic and institutional positioning of The Hills in four distinct chapters. Chapter One examines the generic position of docusoap as a ‘mixed-genre’ and the institutional role The Hills performs for the youth-oriented MTV network. Chapter Two analyses the specific fictional narrative techniques The Hills uses to enhance its documented footage whilst Chapter Three addresses the controversies that have emerged due to this docusoap’s blending of the fictional and the factual. Finally, Chapter Four details how the docusoap’s ability to appeal to lucrative young viewers positions The Hills as a powerful promotional tool for MTV’s consumerist messages.
Do Androids Dream of Electric Shocks? Utilitarian Machine Ethics
Authors:   , Vize Brendan
Published: November 2021

Consider Lt. Commander Data from Star Trek: The Next Generation, the droid C3PO from Star Wars, or the Replicants that appear in Bladerunner: They can use language (or many languages), they are rational, they form relationships, they use language that suggests that they have a concept of self, and even language that suggests that they have “feelings” or emotional experience. In the films and TV shows that they appear, they are depicted as having frequent social interaction with human beings; but would we have any moral obligations to such a being if they really existed? What would we be permitted to do or not to do to them? On the one hand, a robot like Data has many of the attributes that we currently associate with a person. On the other hand, he has many of the attributes of the machines that we currently use as tools. He (and other science-fiction machines like him) closely resembles one of the things we value the most (a person), and at the same time, one of the things we value the least (an artefact), leading to an apparent ethical paradox. What is its solution?
Assessment in New Zealand Early Childhood Education: A Foucauldian Analysis
Authors:   , Buchanan Emma
Published: November 2021

This thesis aims to problematise and denaturalise the current dominant, empowerment infused early childhood education (ece) assessment discourse in Aoteaora New Zealand through a Foucauldian discourse analysis. It addresses a two-part question: How is contemporary ece assessment constructed in New Zealand, and, what is effected by this construction? Texts about contemporary ece assessment in New Zealand written by local ece scholars and practitioners as well as narrative assessment examples drawn from the Ministry of Education (2004) Kei Tua o te Pae, Assessment for Learning: Early Childhood Exemplars resource provide data for the analysis. The analysis is conducted in procedurally specified as well as open, associative, and playful modes. Contemporary ece assessment in New Zealand is found to be constructed as a new, post-developmental, morally desirable and secular salvation practice that is underpinned by principles of social justice, plurality and diversity. However, a consideration of key discursive truth-objects and their mobilisation within narrative assessments suggests that ece assessment may be implementing a boundless and normalising regime for the government of selves and others, and producing significant regulatory effects for children, teachers and whānau/ family. It is argued that ece assessment, as a technology of government, works to construct self responsible, self optimising, and permanently performing child-subjects. Such norms for self government map closely onto those that are promoted within neoliberal governmentalities. Ece assessment can therefore, at least in part, be understood as both a technique and effect of neoliberal rationalities of government. The ongoing status and dominant construction of ece assessment as an empowering, socially just practice is seen to be problematic. It stifles debate about early childhood spaces, and it is implicated in the constraint of multiple possibilities for the government of selves and others.
Kahawai Phylogeny and Phylogenetics: A Genetic Investigation into Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Management and Practice
Authors:   , Hodgson Brenton
Published: November 2021

Globally, commercially exploited fish species are coming under more and more pressure as the population of humans grow. Protein from the sea has traditionally been available to coastal communities throughout history. In modern times however, traditional artisanal fisheries have been replaced by commercial fishing industries. It is estimated by some authorities that these modern fisheries have led to decreases in pre-exploitation biomass of desirable species of up to 90%. As desirable species decline, secondary species become more valuable and subject to exploitation. An issue with this exploitation is that management decisions of fish stocks are often based on political or commercial concerns rather than sound science focussed on preserving stocks, and ultimately, fishing industries. To investigate phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of fish, kahawai (Arripis trutta) was used as a proxy species. A. trutta is one of only four members of the genus Arripis, which in turn is the sole member of the family Arripidae. It was found that a single, highly connected population of A. trutta inhabit New Zealand waters, and approximately 15 migrants per generation make the journey between New Zealand and Australia, genetically linking these populations. A phylogeny of A. trutta was resolved using mitochondrial DNA, and while COX1 data supported the hypothesis that A. trutta forms a monophyletic clade within the Stromateoids (medusa fish, squaretails and drift fish) and the Scombrids (tuna, mackerel and their allies) suggesting a common ancestor, other data collected during the investigation does not support this hypothesis.
Tangles, Trees and Flowers
Authors:   , Clark Ben
Published: November 2021

A tangle of order k in a connectivity function λ may be thought of as a "k-connected component" of λ. For a connectivity function λ and a tangle in λ of order k that satisfies a certain robustness condition, we describe a tree decomposition of λ that displays, up to a certain natural equivalence, all of the k-separations of λ that are non-trivial with respect to the tangle. In particular, for a tangle in a matroid or graph of order k that satisfies a certain robustness condition, we describe a tree decomposition of the matroid or graph that displays, up to a certain natural equivalence, all of the k- separations of the matroid or graph that are non-trivial with respect to the tangle.
The Voices of Outdoor Adventure: An Examination of the Long-Term Meanings and Impacts of Adventure Experiences for New Zealand University Students
Authors:   , Dathatri Deepak
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore how past participants of a New Zealand-based university outdoor adventure programme have perceived the meanings and impacts of former adventure experiences over time. This study employed a phenomenological case-study design which used in-depth, semi-structured interviews with former participants of a New-Zealand university outdoor adventure programme called the Mountains-to-Sea expedition. Six participants, former physical education students who had gone on the expedition between four and five years ago, were chosen to gain retrospective insight. The results from this study generated detailed narratives which revealed that the perceived meanings and impacts of participants‟ experiences were generally positive but there were subtleties and nuances to these perceptions which changed over time. Individuals made meaning in finely distinctive ways and impacts tended to dissipate in perceived intensity over time, though there were some exceptions. The participants embodied a very unique culture which impacted their understanding of outdoor adventure education philosophy. These findings have far-reaching implications on the future of outdoor learning and warrant greater attention from practitioners and researchers. The results bolster an argument for more qualitative research into the long-term meaning and impact of adventure experiences, particularly for the New Zealand context.
Incised stone artefact in the context of Middle Holocene burials at Cappalombo 1, South Sulawesi, Indonesia | Artefak batu bergores dalam konteks penguburan Holosen Tengah di Situs Cappalombo 1, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
Authors:   Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan, Suryatman  , Fakhri  , Hakim Budianto , Perston Yinika , Sardi Ratno , Newman Kim , Hasanuddin  , Muhammad Nur  , Muda Khadijah
Published: November 2021

Since the recent discovery of Late Pleistocene rock art in Island Southeast Asia was announced, evidence for symbolic behaviour in the region has become a focus of international archaeological interest. South Sulawesi is one region that hold much evidence for this important human activity. In addition to the cave paintings, several engraved stone artefacts have also been recovered in the same area, nearly all of which date back to the Late Pleistocene. However, while cave use by ‘hunter-gatherer’ societies continued into the Holocene period, archaeological evidence for symbolic expression during this Toalean period is extremely rare. Here, we report for the first time on engraved stone artefacts from the Middle Holocene period, associated with six human burials. Of ten incised artefacts recovered, eight are stone flakes and two are stone plaquettes, all made of hematite material. Our study suggests that unlike comparative Pleistocene engraved stones, the incisions on the Cappalombo artefacts are more likely the result of use-wear that occurs from producing red pigment powder than portable artworks. As no Toalean-age cave art has yet been identified, it is suspected that pigment powder was applied to the corpses as part of a burial practice or perhaps smeared on the body of the person/s performing the ceremony itself as part of a symbolic ritualistic activity. Sejak penemuan gambar cadas Pleistosen Akhir terbaru diumumkan di Pulau Asia Tenggara, bukti perilaku simbolis di wilayah tersebut telah menjadi fokus kajian arkeologis internasional. Sulawesi Selatan adalah salah satu wilayah yang menyimpan banyak bukti aktivitas manusia yang penting ini. Selain lukisan gua, beberapa artefak batu berukir juga telah ditemukan di daerah yang sama, hampir semuanya berasal dari Pleistosen Akhir. Namun, ketika penggunaan gua oleh masyarakat 'pemburu-pengumpul' berlanjut hingga periode Holosen, bukti arkeologis untuk ekspresi simbolis selama periode Toalean ini sangat langka. Di sini, kami melaporkan untuk pertama kalinya tentang artefak batu berukir dari periode Holosen Tengah, yang terkait dengan enam penguburan manusia. Dari sepuluh artefak gores yang ditemukan, delapan berupa serpihan batu dan dua berupa plakat batu, semuanya terbuat dari bahan hematit. Studi kami menunjukkan bahwa tidak seperti batu terukir Pleistosen, sayatan pada artefak Cappalombo lebih mungkin hasil dari penggunaan yang terjadi dari memproduksi bubuk pigmen merah daripada karya seni portabel. Karena seni gua periode Toalean belum dapat diidentifikasi, diduga bubuk pigmen dioleskan pada mayat sebagai bagian dari praktik penguburan atau mungkin dioleskan pada tubuh orang yang melakukan upacara itu sendiri sebagai bagian dari aktifitas ritual simbolis.
EFFECT OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHERRY TOMATO VARIETIES IN SOILLESS CULTURE
Authors: Ali Shahajahan , Rahman Jahedur , Islam Nazrul , Ali Razzab , Hossain Mofazzal , Ali Mokshed , Ahmed Sujat , Sultana Chand
Published: November 2021

Nutrient solution and its nutritional compositions may have the effect on growth and fruit quality attributes of cherry tomato. To avoid the build-up of toxins, mineral deficiencies, nutrition abnormalities, or the spread of disease, producers should use optimum level of nutrient solution. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to identify a suitable strength of nutrient solution for cherry tomato in hydroponic system. Treatment considered six levels of nutrient solution [viz., S1: ½ strength Rahman and Inden (2012), S2: ¾ strength Rahman and Inden (2012), S3: Full strength Rahman and Inden (2012), S4: ½ strength Hoagland and Arnon No. 2(1940), S5: ¾ strength Hoagland and Arnon No. 2 (1940) and S6: Full strength Hoagland and Arnon No. 2 (1940)] and two varieties [viz., V1: Local market cherry tomato (red), V2: Irelands cherry tomato (yellow)]. Growth and yield contributing characters, quality parameters, physiological traits and biochemical composition were analyzed.  The maximum plant height, number of leaves per plant, first flowering, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruit per cluster, number of cluster per plant, average individual fruit weight and average cluster weight per plant were found in S3. Meanwhile, V2 performed better in respect of plant height, number of leaves per plant, first flowering, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruit per cluster, number of cluster per plant, average individual fruit weight and average cluster weight per plant. Therefore, cherry tomato cv. V2 can be cultured in hydroponic system with applying S3 (Full strength Rahman and Inden nutrient solution).
Creation of autosex chicken breeds for organic poultry farming
Authors: Makarova A. V. , Vakhrameev A. B. , Dementieva N. V. , Fedorova Z. L.
Published: November 2021

Recently, the demand for organic products has been increasing in the world. Organic poultry farming requires additional costs due to the extensive method of poultry housing, low planting density, availability of paddocks and other requirements for production of organic products. Therefore, creation of specialized breeds is especially relevant today. The paper presents the experience of creating an autosex population of the Leningrad Golden-Gray (LZS) in the bioresource collection “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens” RRIFAGB - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. The accuracy of separation by sex of day-old chickens reaches 98%. To create autosex chicken breed, we used breeds and populations of the bioresource collection that have marker genes of plumage color linked to the gender in the genotype. To obtain the breed status, a genome-wide study of the LZS population was conducted. Assessment of the genome homozygosity level showed compliance with the average level characteristic of consolidated groups. The study of genetic variability characterizes the population of LZS as numerous. The inbreeding coefficient of LZS chickens is at a safe level and is a consequence of intensive selection. As a result, an autosex population of LZS was created and tested, which meets the conditions for obtaining the status of a breed and allows to meet the increased requirements of organic poultry farming in the best way. The expediency of using autosex breeds for organic poultry farming has been 478 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 477–487 substantiated by saving feed and growing areas. The principles of creating an autosex breed from the genetic material of gene pool herds can be applied in other breeding programs.
Technical vision system for apple defects recognition: justification, development, testing
Authors: Kazakevich P. P. , Yurin A. N. , Prokopovich G. А.
Published: November 2021

The most rational method for identifying the quality of fruits is the optical method using PPE, which has the accuracy and stability of measurement, as well as distance and high productivity. The paper presents classification of fruit quality recognition systems and substantiates the design and technological scheme of the vision system for sorting them, consisting of an optical module with installed structural illumination and a video camera, an electronic control unit with an interface and actuators for the sorter and conveyor for fruits. In the course of the study, a single-stream type of fruit flow in PPE with forced rotation was substantiated, a structural and technological scheme of an STZ with a feeding conveyor, an optical module and a control unit, an algorithm for functioning of the STZ software was developed based on algorithm for segmentation of fruit colors, tracking algorithm, etc. deep learning ANN, which provide recognition of the size and color of fruits, as well as damage from mechanical stress, pests and diseases. The developed STZ has been introduced into the processing line for sorting and packing apples, LSP-4 has successfully passed preliminary tests and production tests at OJSC Ostromechevo. In the course of preliminary tests of the LSP-4 line, it was found that it provided fruit recognition with a probability of at least 95%, while the labor productivity made 2.5 t/h.
Maksim Bogdanovich is a star of Belarusian poetry (To the 130th anniversary of the poet’s birth)
Authors: Naumovich V. A.
Published: November 2021

It is investigated how a poet who was born in Minsk, was brought up in the cities of Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl in the close family environment of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky, felt that he was a Belarusian poet (collection of poetry “Wreath”, Vilnia, 1913), called Belarus “Matzi-Kraina”. Thanks to his poetic gift, through originality, self-awareness, self-determination and self-affirmation in poetry, the history of literature declared himself as a genius of Belarusian poetry. Maksim Bogdanovich argued that Belarusian literature “is not a monster, not a rarity, not a unique one”, but the outstanding work of the Belarusian people developed in genre and stylistic terms, it can rightfully be put on a par with other literatures of the peoples of the world. The poet also showed himself as a critic, translator, introduced a variety of genres and styles into Belarusian poetry. The name of Maxim Bogdanovich is on a par with the names of Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas. These are three stars of the first magnitude in the history of the Belarusian red writing.
The Effect of School Leadership, Academic Supervision, and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance
Authors: Mustahyi Mustahyi , Joni Rohkmat Joni , Fahruddin Fahruddin
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of principal leadership, academic supervision, and work motivation on teacher performance. The method used is a survey method with a quantitative correlational approach. The research sample consisted of 136 teachers (86 male teachers and 50 female teachers) from 4 State Senior High Schools in East Lombok Regency, namely SMA Negeri 1 Aikmel, SMA Negeri 1 Wanasaba, SMA Negeri 1 Pringgabaya, and SMA Negeri 1 Suela. The research instrument in the form of a questionnaire was given to respondents directly after testing the validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used a simple regression test and multiple regression tests followed by a correlation test. Data analysis results based on the coefficient of determination for each research variable on teacher performance obtained the coefficient of determination of work motivation of 47.8%, academic supervision of 45.5%, and the variable of principal leadership of 44.4%. While the results of the coefficient of determination collectively were 53.8%. Thus, it can be concluded that both individually and collectively, the principal's leadership, academic supervision, and work motivation affect teacher performance.
Teacher Performance: The effect on Teacher Satisfaction in Public Senior High Schools
Authors: Hamidi Hamidi , Jufri A. Wahab , Karta I Wayan
Published: November 2021

This research aim to determine the effect of performance on teachers satisfaction in Public Senior High Schools in Lombok, Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study was conducted in Lombok with a population of 580 teachers. The total sample of 85 teachers was obtained by a proportional random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed by regression. The results showed that performance has an impact on teacher satisfaction. The teachers of public senior high school in Lombok will be satisfied if their performance is very good. It was concluded that one way to maintain teacher satisfaction is by improving performance
OS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE NO EXERCÍCIO DA LIBERDADE SINDICAL E O REFLEXO NA FACULTATIVIDADE DO PAGAMENTO DO IMPOSTO SINDICAL, SOB ENFOQUE DA REFORMA TRABALHISTA
Authors: RODRIGUES TIAGO FOGACA , maria virginia
Published: November 2021

Com o reconhecimento dos direitos da personalidade pôde-se entender o exercício do direito sob uma nova perspectiva, centrada no ser humano. Os direitos de personalidades são historicamente reconhecid
Análise bibliométrica da produção científica brasileira sobre doença de Chagas
Authors: Santos Hebert Luan Pereira Campos dos , Almeida Taise De Alcantara , Carvalho Neto Hildebrando Antunes de , Lemos Maria de Lourdes Lacerda , Oliveira Josilene Silva , Souza Eliana Amorim de , Prado Nília Maria De Brito Lima
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a produção científica brasileira sobre a doença de Chagas a partir de publicações indexadas na base de dados Web of Science. Foram coletados e analisados os dados de 1.008 publicações no período entre 2006 e 2020. A interpretação dos dados permitiu identificar um expressivo crescimento da produção científica brasileira sobre a doença de Chagas e a abrangência da temática em periódicos internacionais. Contudo, há um enfoque nas áreas biomédicas do conhecimento com destaque para a Parasitologia e um diminuto número de investigações direcionadas às áreas da Saúde Pública, Ciências Sociais e Farmacêuticas. A bibliometria desvelou as lacunas ainda existentes na produção nacional e a necessidade de fortalecimento de políticas direcionadas a editais de pesquisa no país.
Emergent Modality
Authors: Terrigno Loretta
Published: November 2021

Among Brahms’s solo Lieder that depict a piece-spanning shift between parallel minor and major tonics, “Todessehnen” (op. 86, no. 6), “Schwermut” (op. 58, no. 5), and “Dämmrung senkte sich von oben” (op. 59, no. 1) stand out for setting poetry that portrays a duality between burdensome life and transcendent death, or darkness versus light. This article explores how Brahms’s paradoxical treatment of the life-versus-death theme (associating death with an escape from suffering and the major mode, as noted in related analyses by ".fn_cite($platt_1992)." and ".fn_cite($suurpaa_2003).") correlates with a “tragic-to-transcendent” expressive genre (".fn_cite($hatten_1994).", 69) and enacts a series of poetic “turning points” (".fn_cite($huhn_2005).") that reflect the protagonist’s changing perception of temporality. I argue that the major mode emerges gradually in each song, first as an “implicit” (or “nascent”) tonic, then as a cadentially confirmed (or “realized”) key at the structural cadence. Close Schenkerian analyses of all songs show that their minor-to-major progressions are neither immediate nor direct. Rather, the songs share four tonal features that facilitate the modal change, enact a shift from “tragic” to “transcendent” expression, and actualize “poetic turning points:” 1) the parallel major emerges as a cadentially unconfirmed, nascent tonic; 2) prolongations of ".fn_flat('')."VI or IV delay a cadence in the parallel major key and convey the speaker’s entrance into new temporalities and perceptions; 3) the structural cadence confirms the major key and lays the modal conflict to rest; and 4) the postlude echoes the minor form of ".fn_scaledegree("6").", as if recalling the protagonist’s earlier struggles. The elevated expression of cadential ".fn_figbass("",64)." chords near the structural cadence—treated in the manner of “arrival six-four” chords (".fn_cite($hatten_1994).", 15)—suggests the actualization of a “transcendent” expression and either a future or intensified present temporality that the poem implies but does not realize.
Giving Voice to a Foxtrot from Auschwitz-Birkenau
Authors: Hall Patricia
Published: November 2021

The Collections Department of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum preserves a number of manuscripts of popular songs arranged by members of the Auschwitz I Men’s Orchestra. These songs, written with great care in black ink on Beethoven Papier brand music paper, often bear highly ironic, but also tragically relevant titles, such as “Letters That Never Arrived,” “Hours That One Can Never Forget,” “Sing a Song When You’re Sad.” In this article I describe the complex process of realizing a 2018 concert performance and recording of one of these songs, “Die schönste Zeit des Lebens” (The Most Beautiful Time of Life), based on a manuscript deposited in the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in 1975. Originally a 1941 popular song composed by the German film composer Franz Grothe with a text by Willi Dehmel, and scored for a jazz ensemble, it was arranged by the Auschwitz I prisoners for four first violins, five second violins, a viola, two clarinets, a trombone and a tuba. Through this dramatic change in orchestration, errors were occasionally introduced; in this article, I detail the analytical processes involved in correcting these errors and making “micro-interventions” in the score.
Respon Genotipe Padi Lokal terhadap Cekaman Rendaman di Pembibitan
Authors: Dalimunthe Sri Romaito
Published: November 2021

Uncertain climate change impacts the difficulty of predicting the intensity of floods that hit rice fields in flood-prone areas, both the duration of the submerged plants and the height of the water surface. In order to evaluate the tolerance level and response of several local rice genotypes to submersion stress in the vegetative phase, 50 rice genotypes were screened (47 North Sumatran local varieties, 3 VUB), using special ponds to simulate flooding or inundation stress. The study used a separate plot design with three replications; the main plot was three immersion models, namely full immersion, partial soaking, and not soaking, and subplots of 50 rice genotypes. The immersion treatment was defined as a different growing environment. The results showed that in the fully submerged treatment, the recovery capacity of local rice plants only ranged from 0-20%. The new, improved varieties tested were Inpari 4 (susceptible), Inpari 3, 10, Ciherang, Inpara 2 (very susceptible), Inpari 30, FR13A (very tolerant). Submersion tolerant genotypes had a slight increase in plant height after being fully submerged. The chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased immediately after the soaking stress period (14 DAP) in all rice genotypes. The local rice genotypes tested were very susceptible to immersion; the new superior variety Inpari 4 was categorized as susceptible, while Inpari 30 and FR13A were very tolerant.
Kemitraan Produksi Benih Jagung Hibrida Antara PT. Agri Makmur Pertiwi, Agen (Grower) dan Kelompok Tani Sidodadi di Kecamatan Prambanan Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Cahyadi Wendy Dimas
Published: November 2021

This research was conducted in Sumberharjo village, Prambanan district, Sleman regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. It aims to study (1) the partnership process, (2) the determination of the partnership pattern, (3) the application of the partnership’s principles, and (4) the independence of Sidodadi Farmers with the existence of the production partnership of hybrid corn seed operated among Agri Makmur Pertiwi Inc., Agent (grower), and Sidodadi Farmers in Prambanan district, Sleman regency. This study utilized qualitative approach and the case study in Sumberharjo village. The data retrieval technique key informant was carried out purposively, namely Field Assistant and Quality Control of Agri Makmur Pertiwi Inc. in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Field Assistant of the Agent, the head as well as members of the Sidodadi farmers. Meanwhile, the data collection was done by observation, interview, and documentation, whereas the qualitative data analysis technique was obtained interactively and went on continuously until the data were saturated, and the validity of the data collected will be tested by the triangulation of the data collection method. The result of the study revealed that (1) the partnership process was gained from the stage of socialization, cooperation agreement, cultivation process, up to the crops deposition to the company, (2) the partnership pattern formed was Sub-contract and Agribusiness Operational Cooperation, (3) the partnership principles fulfilled were equality, transparency, result-oriented, responsibility, and complementarity, and (4) the independence of Sidodadi farmers had only reached the stage of independent fertilizer procurement and collective farmers’ cards management.
Respons Perilaku Pasar Terhadap Teknologi Informasi di Indonesia dalam Tinjauan Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Hasyim Hasnil
Published: November 2021

The market behavior response to the rapidly growing information technology in Indonesia is forcing the market to adapt quickly. In the digital era 4.0, there have been quite extreme changes in business models. Even the giant companies have gone out of business. In the perspective of Islamic economics this phenomenon continues to be studied. In one condition, business growth is growing very fast and on the other hand the fatwas of the ulama are often left behind. This qualitative research is presented with a phenomenological approach and sharia compliance. The data analyzed are secondary data related to the latest facts about the information technology market. The author uses the theory of market behavior change to strengthen this argument. In principle, Islam always gives appreciation to technological developments that aim to facilitate human work, as long as these facilities do not violate the forbidden boundaries. In the perspective of Islamic economics, the focus is on the business schemes that are run and the muamalah contracts that are used whether they meet the requirements and pillars or not. If the conditions and pillars are met then the business can be run. Simply put, please do business using advanced technology but still comply with sharia principles.
Kind, fearful, or contented? An experimental investigation of the impact of bonus payments on workers' productivity
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Grimalda Gianluca , Pipke David
Published: November 2021

Abstract The gift exchange hypothesis suggests that workers reciprocate higher-than-market wages with increased productivity. This paper investigates this hypothesis through a natural field experiment in which bonuses reward either one or both workers in a pair. Oblivious to their involvement in an experiment, participants performed data-entry tasks. Unexpected monetary bonuses were allocated after the initial shift, based on one of three distinct criteria: (i) Relative productivity in the initial shift, (ii) greater economic need, or (iii) arbitrarily. Our theoretical model integrates self-interest, reciprocity, and sensitivity to earnings inequality. It accommodates both gift exchange motivations and the alternative hypothesis that workers perceive a monetary bonus as an indication of their employer’s contentment with their performance. We conjecture that this perception may (a) lower their subjective probability of early dismissal and (b) reduce their willingness to reciprocate the employer’s perceived kindness. Contrary to the gift exchange hypothesis, our findings reveal an unequivocal decrease in post-bonus productivity, especially when both workers are rewarded. A subsequent experiment replicates these results, offering weakly significant evidence for reduced fear of dismissal. The effect appears sizable, with effort decreases reaching 15.1% in the original experiment and 8.4% in the follow-up, relative to the initial shift average effort. Regarding inequality's impact, when only one worker in a pair receives a bonus, we note significant performance changes relative to baseline in one of three treatment conditions. This variation can be attributed to status-seeking tendencies in recipients and aversion to inequality by nonrecipients.
Humans balance breadth and depth: Near-optimal performance in many-alternative decision making
Authors: Vidal Alice , Soto-Faraco Salvador , Bote Rubén Moreno
Published: November 2021

Many everyday life decisions require allocating finite resources, such as attention or time, to examine multiple available options, like choosing an online food supplier. In these cases, our search resources can be spread across many options (breadth) or focused on a few of them (depth). Whilst theoretical work has described how finite resources should be allocated to maximise utility in these problems, evidence about how humans balance breadth and depth is lacking. We introduce a novel experimental paradigm where humans make a many-alternative decision under finite resources. In an imaginary scenario, participants allocate a finite budget to sample amongst multiple apricot suppliers in order to estimate the quality of their fruits, and ultimately choose the best one. We found that at low budget capacity participants sample as many suppliers as possible, and thus prefer breadth, whereas at high capacities participants sample just a few chosen alternatives in depth, and intentionally ignore the rest. The number of alternatives sampled increases with capacity following a power law with an exponent close to 0.75. In richer environments, where good outcomes are more likely, humans further favour depth. Participants deviate from optimality and tend to allocate capacity amongst the selected alternatives more homogeneously than it would be optimal, but the impact on the outcome is small. Overall, our results undercover a rich phenomenology of close-to-optimal behaviour and biases in complex choices.
Adaptive autobiographical memory in younger and older adults: The indirect association of integrative and instrumental reminiscence with depressive symptoms.
Authors: Hallford David John , Mellor David J. , Cummins Robert
Published: November 2021

Despite the established effectiveness of reminiscence-based interventions for depression, little research exists into the pathways through which specific reminiscence functions are related to depressive symptoms. Drawing on theory of the mechanisms of change in cognitive-reminiscence therapy, the current study tests the hypothesised indirect associations of adaptive integrative and instrumental reminiscence functions with depressive symptoms and whether these relationships might differ among younger and older adults. Questionnaires were completed by a large community sample of the Australian population. Multiple mediation models were tested in two groups: younger adults (n = 730, M age = 52.24, SD = 9.84) and older adults (n = 725, M age= 73.59, SD = 6.29). Results were consistent across age groups, indicating that there was no direct relationship between these reminiscence functions and depressive symptoms, but that integrative reminiscence is indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through meaning in life, self-esteem, and optimism, and that instrumental reminiscence is indirectly associated with depressive symptoms through primary control and self-efficacy. This study provides support for the relationships between constructs underlying the proposed mechanisms of change in cognitive-reminiscence therapy for the treatment of depression, and suggests these relationships are similar for younger and older adults.
CHINA’S SHIFTING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SOUTH KOREA IN THAAD CRISIS RESOLUTION IN KOREAN PENINSULA
Authors: Wira Pradana M. Ganang
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe THAAD crisis between South Korea and China occurred due to the installation of the THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) system by South Korea with the help of the United States which was considered as a threat to China's national security. China strongly opposed the installation of the defense system and imposed unofficial sanctions in a form of a boycott in the field of South Korean tourism, products, and pop culture, which provided significant losses due to China's retaliation. After the South Korean state visit to China which was held in Beijing, China’s boycott was later lifted, but the THAAD installed in South Korea remain stayed and deployed. Thus the question arises about why China chose to soften and not force the South Koreans to withdraw THAAD. This article uses the qualitative research method of literature studies and uses variables of foreign policy theory by Yuen Foon Khong as the theoretical framework in this paper. Therefore, it can be seen that China's softening of the THAAD issue is caused by the influence of China’s "peripheral diplomacy" foreign policy and the shifting of Chinese behavior so that China does not impose its will on the South Korean THAAD system to maintain good relations with South Korea as a peripheral country. Keywords: China, China’s Behavior, Foreign Policy, South Korea, THAAD
Civil War Diplomacy: A Fresh Look
Authors: Carroll Francis M.
Published: November 2021

The American Civil War had a serious impact in Europe because the United States supplied vital raw materials for both Britain and France and was also a major market for their manufactured goods. The prospect of intervention in the war raised difficult issues—morally repugnant support of slavery on the one hand, but on the other, in the aftermath of the rebellions of 1848 in Europe, the possibility to weaken democratic republicanism. Mediation remained elusive. Britain, being the leading economic, naval, and colonial power, was the most threatening and most involved with both the Union and Confederate sides in the war. Britain’s diplomatic and maritime policy is the most extensively studied, augmented by fresh examinations of the British minister to the United States, Lord Lyons. New research also examines possible French involvement in the war and the complications arising from France’s invasion of Mexico.