bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of soil arthropods in secondary forest area in Bengkulu
Authors: Fauzi Ariffatchur , Zarkani Agustin , Apriyanto Dwinardi , Wibowo Hariz Eko , Kamil Maulana Insanul
Published: March 2023

University sites are generally used as conservation areas in many countries. The secondary forest plays pivotal role in maintaining biodiversity in urban area. One of the creatures that live in secondary forest areas is arthropods. Moreover, there is only limited study about the diversity of soil arthropods in secondary forest of University of Bengkulu (UNIB). This study aimed to calculate the diversity of arthropod species as one of the measurement parameters in biodiversity. The samples were collected from soil and litter taken randomly in the secondary forest area at University of Bengkulu. A total of 5 locations within five replications were placed in the Berlese funnel. The results showed moderate diversity with an index value of 1.18, moderate evenness with an index value of 0.41, and moderate dominance with an index value of 0.56 in the habitat. UNIB secondary forest is being habituated and is still in the category of developing ecosystem. It is estimated that the number of species and populations will increase over time.
Correlation of percentage and intensity of CPB attacks on production and loss of products due to various levels of cocoa plantation care
Authors: Mulyani Cut , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi
Published: March 2023

Aceh Tamiang District is currently developing cocoa plantations. The cocoa plantation management problem is the high attack of Plant Pest Species, especially the Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB), which causes cocoa productivity to decline. This study aimed to determine the percentage and intensity of CPB pests attacks on cocoa plantations. This research was carried out in three sub district in Aceh Tamiang District, Aceh Province. The research location was determined purposively. The selected garden samples had four different care levels: not being treated for, being treated for in moderation, being treated conventionally and practicing IPM. The results showed that CPB pests attacked all of the cacao plantation maintenance criteria. In sequence, the percentage and intensity of CPB pest attacks from the highest to the lowest were found in the criteria for farm care that practiced IPM, were treated conventionally, were treated for and not treated. The farms that were not treated had the highest percentage of attacks and CPB attack intensity. The lowest percentages in the criteria of farms that have been treated with IPM practice. The regression analysis of the relationship between the intensity of the attack and the loss of yield due to the CPB attack. The results showed that the levels of incursions by CPB pests was different depending on the classification level of the plantation The findings highlighted the importance of implementing the practice of IPM to reduce instances of CPB incursion.
Retour sur le colloque « L’animal à l’Anthropocène »
Authors: Leblan Vincent , Duda Romain , Narat Victor
Published: March 2023

Le colloque « L’animal à l’Anthropocène », organisé par le CNRS et le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, s’est tenu en ligne en décembre 2020. Ce colloque avait pour objectif d’analyser l’évolution des rapports utilitaires et affectifs entre humains et animaux dans le contexte de l’Anthropocène, avec l’ambition de réunir une grande diversité de disciplines. Nous commençons par une synthèse des interventions. Puis nous revenons sur trois aspects saillants du colloque : la mobilisation du concept de culture sur l’interface humain-animal, les usages du concept d’Anthropocène au sein du colloque, ses effets sur l’interdisciplinarité entre sciences sociales et sciences naturelles. Si ce colloque a permis d’aborder les relations humains-animaux à travers différentes approches et échelles de temps, son rattachement à la notion d’Anthropocène n’a pas semblé décisif pour favoriser les échanges scientifiques.
Differential effects of rapeseed, sunflower and linseed oils on rumen microbial functions in dual effluent fermenters on maize silage-based diet
Authors: Broudiscou Laurent-Philippe , Quinsac Alain , Berthelot Valérie , Carré Patrick , Dauguet Sylvie , Peyronnet Corinne
Published: March 2023

Quantitative information on the concurrent changes in major rumen microbial functions induced by dietary lipids in relation with the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids is scarce. During a three-period essay (9 days per period), rapeseed (Brassica napus L., RO), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., SO) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum L., LO) oils at the high level of 80 g/kg dry matter input (DMI) and a control without oil were compared in four 1-L dual outflow fermenters inoculated with bovine rumen microbiota and maintained on a maize silage-based diet. Neither the fermentation medium pH and redox potential nor starch and protein degradabilities were significantly altered. Oil supply significantly decreased butyrate and methane specific productions of to the benefit of propionate and hydrogen specific productions and decreased the microbial protein outflow and synthesis efficiency while increasing the outflows of ammonia and isovalerate, these effects being amplified by the fatty acids’ unsaturation degree. Besides, with no impact of the degree of unsaturation, oil supply increased the amount of fermented hexose, the productions of all SCFAs except butyrate and the specific production of acetate. The rumen variables apparently sensitive to oil unsaturation degree were thus related either to metabolic hydrogen removal pathways or to protein metabolism.
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen – Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin
Authors: Behr Jürgen , Berger Melanie , Blum Torsten Gerriet , Bonella Francesco , Dinkel Julien , Gläser Sven , Hagmeyer Lars , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Koschel Dirk , Prasse Antje , Slevogt Hortense , Stacher-Priehse Elvira , Woehrle Holger , Kreuter Michael
Published: March 2023

Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie hat in erheblichem Umfang die Diagnostik und Therapie interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen (ILD) beeinflusst. Insbesondere in der Frühphase der Pandemie und unter dem Einfluss der Delta-Variante ist es zu zahlreichen COVID-19-Pneumonien gekommen, in deren Gefolge sich bestehende interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen verschlechtert haben, neue entstanden sind oder entdeckt wurden. Den Einfluss einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion – mit oder Viruspneumonie – auf vorbestehende ILD sowie die weitere Entwicklung neu entstandener pulmonaler Infiltrate und Konsolidierungen abzuschätzen, zu diagnostizieren und angemessen zu behandeln stellt eine nahezu tägliche Herausforderung in den interdisziplinären ILD-Boards dar. Mit diesem Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungstherapie e.V. (DGP) werden auf Basis des aktuellen Wissensstandes Antworten auf die wichtigsten Fragestellungen gegeben.
Die medizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Niemier Kay , Steinmetz Anke , Mallwitz Joachim
Published: March 2023

Rückenschmerzen stellen trotz eines hohen medizinischen Aufwandes weiterhin ein relevantes medizinisches und sozialmedizinisches Problem dar. Das medizinische Wissen über Rückenschmerzen ist über die letzten Jahre angewachsen, trotzdem setzen sich diese Erkenntnisse nicht in die alltägliche Versorgung von Patienten um. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern neben der Durchdringung neuer Erkenntnisse auch strukturelle Probleme im Gesundheitssystem für diesen Mangel verantwortlich ist.
Entstehungsbedingungen von sexuell bedingten Schmerzen und Schwierigkeiten beim Geschlechtsverkehr von Frauen: Ergebnisse eines Mixed-Methods-Projektes
Authors: Koops Thula U.
Published: March 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt, welches die Frage nach den Ursprüngen sexueller Schmerzen oder Schwierigkeiten beim Geschlechtsverkehr von Frauen untersucht und dabei eine Reihe theoretischer, methodologischer und empirischer Ansätze verfolgt. Hierzu wurden weltweite Prävalenzzahlen, die subjektive Perspektive von Frauen mit eigenen Erfahrungen mit Schmerzen oder Schwierigkeiten beim Geschlechtsverkehr auf mögliche Ursprünge sowie psychodynamische Überlegungen und Bezugssysteme anhand eines Literaturüberblicks, qualitativer Analysen (Grounded Theory, psychoanalytisch orientierte Forschung) und einer quantitativen Analyse (statistische Auswertung von Fragebogendaten) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse bieten diverse Anregungen für weitere Forschung und legen nahe, dass die durch die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven erarbeiteten Aspekte sowohl im Einzelnen tiefergehend untersucht werden sollten als auch im Hinblick auf ihre gegenseitige Beeinflussung und Verbundenheit. Darüber hinaus erscheint es für die klinische Praxis relevant, die verschiedenen Aspekte in die Behandlung einzubinden.
Autonome Diagnostik bei der Amyotrophen
Lateralsklerose
Authors: Metelmann Moritz , Baum Petra , Pelz Johann
Published: March 2023

Bei der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose (ALS) handelt sich um eine neurodegenerative
Multisystemerkrankung. Diese äußert sich neben den motorischen
Defiziten mit nicht-motorischen Symptomen. Hierzu zählen auch autonome
Störungen, die von veränderter Schweißsekretion
über Tachykardie bis zu gastrointestinalen Symptomen reichen. Autonome
Störungen können mit verschiedenen Methoden, wie
Selbsterhebungsfragebögen, Messung der Herzfrequenzvariabilität,
QTc-Intervallmessung, Erhebung der sudomotorischen Funktion und Sonographie des
Nervus vagus erfasst werden, die in diesem Artikel dargestellt werden. Die
bislang bei der ALS eingesetzten Methoden der autonomen Diagnostik ergeben zum
Teil deutlich divergierende Ergebnisse über die Aktivität des
Sympathikus im Krankheitsverlauf. Relevante autonome Störungen scheinen
zumeist erst im fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadium aufzutreten, wobei
multizentrische Studien mit longitudinalem Ansatz ausstehen.
Spinal Schwannomas: A Proposal for a New Classification to Aid Surgical Planning
Authors: Aydın Serdar Onur , Etli Mustafa Umut , Sarikaya Caner , Köylü Reha Can , Varol Eyüp , Ramazanoğlu Ali Fatih , Kayalar Ali Erhan , Şerifoğlu Luay , Yaltirik Kaan , Naderi Sait
Published: March 2023

Background
The treatment of spinal schwannomas, which is the most common nerve sheath tumor, is total microsurgical resection. The localization, size and relationship with the surrounding structures of these tumors are crucial in terms of preoperative planning. A new classification method is presented in this study for the surgical planning of spinal schwannoma.

Methods
All patients who underwent surgery for spinal schwannoma between 2008 and 2021 were reviewed retrospectively, along with radiological images, clinical presentation, surgical approach, and postoperative neurological status.

Results
A total of 114 patients, 57 male, and 57 females were included in the study. Tumor localizations were cervical in 24 patients, cervicothoracic in one patient, thoracic in 15 patients, thoracolumbar in eight patients, lumbar in 56 patients, lumbosacral in two patients, and sacral in eight patients. All tumors were divided into seven types according to the classification method. Type 1 and Type 2 groups were operated on with a posterior midline approach only, Type 3 tumors were operated on with a posterior midline approach and extraforaminal approach, and Type 4 tumors were operated on with only an extraforaminal approach. While the extraforaminal approach was sufficient in type 5 patients, partial facetectomy was required in 2 patients. Combined surgery including hemilaminectomy and extraforaminal approach was performed in the type 6 group. A posterior midline approach with partial sacrectomy/corpectomy was performed in Type 7 group.

Conclusion
Effective treatment of spinal schwannoma depends on preoperative planning, which includes correctly classifying tumors. In this study, we present a categorization scheme that covers bone erosion and tumor volume for all spinal localizations.
Is there a link between heart rate variability and cognitive decline? A cross-sectional study on patients with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively healthy controls
Authors: Grässler Bernhard , Dordevic Milos , Darius Sabine , Herold Fabian , Forte Giuseppe , Langhans Corinna , Halfpaap Nicole , Müller Patrick , Glanz Wenzel , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin , Böckelmann Irina , Müller Notger , Hökelmann Anita
Published: March 2023

Background Given that, up to date, there is no effective strategy to treat dementia, a timely start of interventions in a prodromal stage such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered an important option to lower the overall societal burden. Although autonomic functions have been related to cognitive performance, both aspects have rarely been studied simultaneously in MCI.

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate cardiac autonomic control in older adults with and without MCI.

Methods Cardiac autonomic control was assessed by means of heart rate variability (HRV) at resting state and during cognitive tasks in 22 older adults with MCI and 29 healthy controls (HCs). Resting HRV measurement was performed for 5 minutes during a sitting position. Afterwards, participants performed three PC-based tasks to probe performance in executive functions and language abilities (i.e., Stroop, N-back, and a verbal fluency task).

Results Participants with MCI showed a significant reduction of HRV in the frequency-domain (high frequency power) and nonlinear indices (SD2, D2, and DFA1) during resting state compared to HCs. Older individuals with MCI exhibited decreases in RMSSD and increases in DFA1 from resting state to Stroop and N-back tasks, reflecting strong vagal withdrawal, while this parameter remained stable in HCs.

Conclusion The results support the presence of autonomic dysfunction at the early stage of cognitive impairment. Heart rate variability could help in the prediction of cognitive decline as a noninvasive biomarker or as a tool to monitor the effectiveness of therapy and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Applicability of an immersive virtual reality system to assess egocentric orientation of older adults
Authors: Silva Juliana Magalhães da , Santos Michelle Didone dos , Costa Raquel Quimas Molina da , Moretto Emerson Galves , Viveiro Larissa Alamino Pereira de , Lopes Roseli de Deus , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Pompeu José Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Background Spatial orientation is a cognitive domain frequently compromised in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and may be one of its first clinical manifestations. Some studies have shown that allocentric integration with egocentric spatial information seems to be impaired in this pathology. There is no consensus on how best to assess spatial orientation and traditional tests lack ecological validity, but, recently, virtual reality (VR) has provided new opportunities for this assessment.

Objectives To analyze the applicability and stability of an immersive virtual task developed to assess spatial orientation, the Spatial Orientation in Immersive Virtual Environment Maze Test (SOIVET-Maze) in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment.

Methods Forty-three older adults were included in the study, 24 without cognitive impairment and 19 with mild cognitive impairment. Applicability was assessed by the Witmer and Singer Sense of Presence Questionnaire and a questionnaire for adverse events of cybersickness. To assess stability, participants were assessed twice with an interval of 7 to 14 days, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated between visits. The t test or the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare applicability and stability between groups.

Results There was no significant difference between the groups regarding applicability. A strong correlation between the first and second day of testing was found in the mild cognitive impairment group.

Conclusion The SOIVET-Maze task showed excellent applicability and good stability, favoring its clinical application for the evaluation of spatial orientation in older adults.
National Databases for Assessment of Quality
Authors: Johnson Hillary R. , Murtha Jacqueline A. , Berian Julia R.
Published: March 2023

With the rise in the availability of large health care datasets, database research has become an important tool for colorectal surgeon to assess health care quality and implement practice changes. In this chapter, we will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of database research for quality improvement, review common markers of quality for colorectal surgery, provide an overview of frequently used datasets (including Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program, National Surgical Quality Improvement Project, National Cancer Database, National Inpatient Sample, Medicare Data, and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results), and look ahead to the future of database research for the improvement of quality.
Wideband Acoustic Reflex Measurement
Authors: Feeney M. Patrick , Schairer Kim S. , Putterman Daniel B.
Published: March 2023

Acoustic reflex thresholds (ART) obtained using pure-tone probe stimuli as part of a traditional immittance test battery can be used to evaluate site of lesion and provide a cross-check with behavioral results. ARTs obtained as part of a wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) test battery using a click as the probe stimulus can be used in the same way with the added benefit that they may provide lower ARTs than those obtained using a pure-tone probe. Another benefit of the WAI ART test is that it can be completed without requiring a hermetic seal or pressurizing the ear canal. A new adaptive method of obtaining ARTs using WAI techniques may cut test time in half, thus making this an attractive option for future clinical use. More advanced uses of WAI ART tests include the measurement of AR growth functions. These may be used to investigate the possible effects of synaptopathy related to high levels of noise exposure and possible auditory deficits related to ototoxicity.
Device makes passive radiative cooling effective in all climates
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: March 2023

The zero-emission, energy free, and low-cost temperature regulation system can be continuously adjusted for precise heating and cooling.
Fibroblast clearance of damaged tissue following laser ablation in engineered microtissues
Authors: Griebel Megan , Vasan Anish , Chen Christopher , Eyckmans Jeroen
Published: March 2023

Although the mechanisms underlying wound healing are largely preserved across wound types, the method of injury can affect the healing process. For example, burn wounds are more likely to undergo hypertrophic scarring than are lacerations, perhaps due to the increased underlying damage that needs to be cleared. This tissue clearance is thought to be mainly managed by immune cells, but it is unclear if fibroblasts contribute to this process. Herein, we utilize a 3D in vitro model of stromal wound healing to investigate the differences between two modes of injury: laceration and laser ablation. We demonstrate that laser ablation creates a ring of damaged tissue around the wound that is cleared by fibroblasts prior to wound closure. This process is dependent on ROCK and dynamin activity, suggesting a phagocytic or endocytic process. Transmission electron microscopy of fibroblasts that have entered the wound area reveals large intracellular vacuoles containing fibrillar extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate a new model to study matrix clearance by fibroblasts in a 3D soft tissue. Because aberrant wound healing is thought to be caused by an imbalance between matrix degradation and production, this model, which captures both aspects, will be a valuable addition to the study of wound healing.
Strain Engineering in Crystalline Solids
Authors: Ramadurai Ranjith , Bhattacharyya Saswata
Published: March 2023

Strain is one of the important physical entities in engineering materials. It beholds the underlying intertwined relations between various functionalities of crystalline materials that offers smart functionalities like pieozoelectricity, ferroelectricity, multiferroicity etc. Overall, this book is an attempt to discuss the operation of strain at different length scales and its influence on properties like electronic structure, structural stability, evolution of functional domains, etc. In addition procees induced strain and the respective microstructural evolution are also discussed. This chapter details the essential fundamentals that are required for the theoretical formalisms that are discussed in the later chapters of this book. Introductory sections on strain as a tensor and its interrelation with physical properties and its conformation to crystal symmetry through Neumann principle are discussed. In addition, discussions pertaining to strain as an equilibrium physical property is carried out in brief. A brief introduction to atomistic approach mainly through density functional theory is also presented with the needful basics of electrostatic potentials and illustrations. The last section of the chapter is dedicated to methods and measurements in which strain is involved in experimental studies. Most importantly, the commonly used processing of epitaxial strain and its experimental determination are discussed.
Impact of Strain on the Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of III-Nitride Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Nag Dhiman , Laha Apurba
Published: March 2023

III-nitride materials are technologically important material for optoelectronic devices, due to the direct bandgap and tunability of composition over a wide wavelength region (200–700 nm). In addition, III-nitride-based transistors, e.g., high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) have recently paved their way towards application for high-frequency (RF) and high-power devices. The unavailability of large-area III-nitride substrates leads to employing heteroepitaxial growth on foreign substrates. Lattice mismatch with substrates such as Sapphire, SiC, Si causes mechanical strain in the growing layer. Accumulated strain in heteroepitaxial growth can result in non-radiative dislocations in structure, thus lower efficiency in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Another negative effect of strain in quantum wells (QWs) is compositional pulling, attempting to minimize the incorporation of indium/aluminum in GaN during heteroepitaxial growth. In this chapter, the origin of strain and its impact on mechanical and electrical properties of III-Nitrides are discussed from the perspective of epitaxial thin-film growth.
Phase-Field Modeling of Ferroic Domains in Strained Structures
Authors: Bhattacharyya Saswata , Bandyopadhyay Soumya
Published: March 2023

Application of lattice strain via epitaxial growth of perovskite oxide ferroelectric and multiferroic films and superlattices on compliant lattice-mismatched substrates is an important strain-engineering technique to tune their dielectric and piezoelectric properties. Both first principles calculations of electronic structures and phenomenological models based on Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire (GLD) theory have been used to predict the effect of strain-tuning on structure-property relations in ferroics. In this chapter, we focus on the application of phenomenological GLD models for predicting phase transitions and domain structure evolution in strained ferroelectrics. First we describe key crystallographic and thermodynamic aspects of the mean-field GLD theory of ferroics. Next we describe phase-field models of ferroelectrics. GLD theory forms the basis of phase-field models of domain structure evolution of ferroelectrics. Phase-field models assume a diffuse interface between coexisting phases and avoid explicit tracking of interface. Thus, complex domain morphology in ferroics during paraelectric to ferroelectric phase transition can be conveniently simulated using these models. Here we provide the recipe to performphase-field simulations of strained ferroics to predict their structure-property relations as a function of external electromechanical loading. We also provide a few examples of phase-field implementation and conclude by summarizing the future scope of these models.
Rare Earth Transition Metal Based Giant Magnetostrictive Materials: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Chelvane J. Arout , Palit Mithun
Published: March 2023

Magnetostriction is a unique property of magnetic materials where in the dimensions of the material changes due to the application of an external magnetic field. Of the several magnetic materials studied until now, rare earth (R) transition metal based RFe2 type alloys exhibit giant magnetostriction at room temperature. As a potential candidate for transducer and actuator applications, research and development of RFe2 alloys were mainly focused on anisotropy compensation, optimization of composition and grain orientation in order to achieve large magnetostriction at low magnetic fields. Large magnetostrictive strains at low magnetic fields have been found to be strongly influenced by the phases present in the microstructure and crystallographic texture. Adopting directional solidification techniques and selective alloying additions at rare earth and transition metal sites has been found to be beneficial in inducing the necessary texture and precluding the formation of deleterious phases in the microstructure. In this context, this chapter attempts to address the evolution of microstructure and texture upon directional solidification in RFe2 alloys. In addition to this, effect of alloying addition on the microstructure and magnetostrictive properties of RFe2 are also presented.
Perspective on Strain Effects on 2D Materials
Authors: Raghunathan Rajamani , Ramadurai Ranjith
Published: March 2023

Silicon-based electronics dominates the semiconductor industry even today due to the material's abundance, well-characterized electronic structure and properties, precise control over their composition and ability to grow high pure crystals. However, silicon needs to be replaced with new materials as it is fast approaching its fundamental limit of device performance and scaling. In this context, polymers and nanomaterials like carbon nanotube and fullerene were actively pursued. The isolation of graphene that confines electrons to two dimensions as against the three dimensions in a bulk material was a huge milestone in the low-dimensional materials research and revolutionized the field of nanotechnology due to its extraordinary electronic properties. This has also opened up new avenues for emergent properties such as the topological Dirac states and room temperature integer quantum Hall effect (QHE) (Geim and Novoselov, 2007; and Novoselov et al., 2007). The success of quantum confinement further enthralled researchers to explore alternate 2D materials like boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, germanene, phosphorene and bismuthine (Geim and Grigorieva, 2013). 2D materials also provide a unique framework to understand fundamental processes occurring at the atomic length scale where quantum mechanical effects dominate, resulting in properties uncharacteristic of the bulk phase.
Deer and climate change: impacts and perspectives
Authors: Apollonio M. , Chirichella R.
Published: March 2023

Climate change is one of the most important threats to biodiversity both for the relevance of the impacts and the speed of the process. Deer are widely affected by climate change even if the outcomes of the interaction with a given species are equivocal. Cold-adapted species are in general more susceptible to climate-change impacts, but even eurythermic species such as roe deer can be affected in their population dynamics. Both indirect effects, such as the mismatch between vegetation flushing and birth date, or the reduction of food accessibility, and direct ones, such as the impact of temperature causing heat stress, on activity rhythms, habitat selection and ultimately food intake, can have important consequences. In deer species, the ability to cope with these changes is dependent on the timing of resource acquisition, being different in capital and income breeder, but also on the breeding biology with special reference to the ability to shift reproduction in time. A number of consequences are caused by the impact of climate change on populations and individuals; notably, relevant shifts in species distribution have been described in different parts of the world. Moreover, changes in young and adult body size, in juvenile survival, in population dynamics and in the timing of biological cycles, such as rutting time or birth season, have been observed in a number of species. Changes in hunting regulations and management or conservation actions may be necessary to buffer the impacts of climate change, and some species or populations may be threatened with extinction or extirpation if proper measures of conservation are not adopted.
Age and growth of Pomatomus saltatrix in the south-western Pacific Ocean (eastern Australia), with a global comparison
Authors: Schilling Hayden T. , Stewart John , Litherland Lenore , Smith James A. , Everett Jason D. , Hughes Julian M. , Suthers Iain M.
Published: March 2023

Context Pomatomus saltatrix is one of few globally distributed pelagic mesopredators that is exploited heavily throughout its range. Despite the implementation of management strategies, the south-western Pacific Ocean (eastern Australian) population has few published estimates of the key life-history parameters including growth. Aims To estimate the age and growth of P. saltatrix in the south-western Pacific and compare these with the age and growth in other populations. Methods Age estimates were made using whole otolith readings and an age–length key was used with a length frequency distribution to estimate the age structure of the population. Eight different growth models were compared within a Bayesian framework for both juvenile and overall growth. Key results The Schnute growth equation provided the best fit for overall growth and yielded parameter values of a = −0.15, b = 2.56, Size-at-age 1 = 24.38-cm fork length (FL) and Size-at-age 4 = 47.36 cm FL. Conclusions P. saltatrix in the south-western Pacific has a growth rate similar to that in other populations of P. saltatrix. Implications Despite its geographically and genetically distinct populations, P. saltatrix demonstrates a generally consistent life-history strategy of fast growth and high mortality, except for the north-western Atlantic population, which has lower mortality.
Coherent detection of hidden spin–lattice coupling in a van der Waals antiferromagnet
Authors: Ergeçen Emre , Ilyas Batyr , Kim Junghyun , Park Jaena , Yilmaz Mehmet Burak , Luo Tianchuang , Xiao Di , Okamoto Satoshi , Park Je-Geun , Gedik Nuh
Published: March 2023

Strong interactions between different degrees of freedom lead to exotic phases of matter with complex order parameters and emergent collective excitations. Conventional techniques, such as scattering and transport, probe the amplitudes of these excitations, but they are typically insensitive to phase. Therefore, novel methods with phase sensitivity are required to understand ground states with phase modulations and interactions that couple to the phase of collective modes. Here, by performing phase-resolved coherent phonon spectroscopy (CPS), we reveal a hidden spin–lattice coupling in a vdW antiferromagnet FePS
3
that eluded other phase-insensitive conventional probes, such as Raman and X-ray scattering. With comparative analysis and analytical calculations, we directly show that the magnetic order in FePS
3
selectively couples to the trigonal distortions through partially filled t

2
g

orbitals. This magnetoelastic coupling is linear in magnetic order and lattice parameters, rendering these distortions inaccessible to inelastic scattering techniques. Our results not only capture the elusive spin–lattice coupling in FePS
3
but also establish phase-resolved CPS as a tool to investigate hidden interactions.
“Jerry was a terrific host!” “You were a brilliant guest!”
Authors: Cenni Irene , Vásquez Camilla
Published: March 2023

Expanding the research investigating compliments in CMC genres, this study explores reciprocal compliments from
consumers and service-providers on Airbnb, a major tourism platform. Specifically, the study examines distribution of compliments
in both guest reviews of Online Experiences (a virtual tourism service) and hosts’ responses to those reviews, focusing on
compliment topics, their syntactic realizations, and their associated intensification strategies. Despite some similarities with
prior research on CMC compliments with respect to the overall frequency and general expression of compliments, we also identified
several differences related to compliment reciprocity as well as a greater tendency toward more formal language use in this
professional digital context. These differences are likely related to the different relationships among participants, as well as
different user goals when communicating on commercially-oriented sites versus social networking sites, demonstrating the need to
expand the scope of CMC compliment research to include a broader range of platforms.
Creep deformation study of squeeze cast AZ91 magnesium alloy
Authors: Patil Hitesh , Jain Akshay , Marodkar Ankush , Kumar Piyush , Ghosh Abhijit , Borkar Hemant
Published: March 2023

The AZ91 magnesium alloy has excellent mechanical properties; however, its application is limited by its poor creep resistance. In this study, AZ91 magnesium alloy prepared by squeeze casting technique has been tested for its creep performance at varying stresses and temperatures. The governing creep mechanism was examined in the wake of deformation. The microstructure for as-cast AZ91 alloy confirmed the massive dendritic β-Mg17Al12 phase. The creep study indicated that the governing creep mechanisms were dislocation creep and dislocation climb governed by lattice diffusion in the test regime of 50 MPa stress at 150oC to 175oC. The measured dislocation density values showed good agreement with the expected dislocation density in the power law creep mechanism.
Double-layer broadband transmission metasurface and its application in low sidelobe antenna
Authors: Wang Ziyue , Liu Qikun , Yan Mengyao , Liang Jie , Zhou Dongfang
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a double-layer metasurface which is capable of conducting independent amplitude and phase modulation for transmitting x-polarized waves under y-polarized incidence. The phase modulation is controlled by regulating the opening angle of the middle metal ring. Meanwhile, amplitude modulation is achieved by adjusting the rotation angle of the opening ring structure. The cross-polarized transmission response achieves complete phase and amplitude coverage and exhibits wideband characteristic with which a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 54.6% (5.4–9.5 GHz). The polarization isolation level is lower than −20 dB. In the wideband frequency range, the average sidelobe level of phase-only modulated metalens antenna is less than −20 dB with the lowest value of −22.5 dB, and the intermediate sidelobe level of amplitude-phase independent modulated metalens antenna is less than −25 dB with the lowest value of −27.4 dB. Both numerical simulated and experimental results verify that the proposed metalens antenna realizes a 4.8 dB averages of the sidelobe level suppression compared with the phase-only modulation metalens antenna. Holding strong anti-interference performance due to its superiority in polarization isolation level and side lobe level, the proposed antenna embraces broad application prospects in point-to-point communication systems in jamming environments.
Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)(Te,S)2 thin films grown on stainless steel foil substrates
Authors: Karaca Abdullah , Başol Bülent M , Olgar M Ali , Büyüklimanlı Temel , Tomakin Murat , Küçükömeroğlu Tayfur , Bacaksız Emin
Published: March 2023

In this study, Cu(In,Ga)(Te,S)2 (CIGTS) thin films with [Ga]/([In] ± [Ga]) atomic ratios in the ranges of 0.22–0.28 and 0.50–0.67 were fabricated using a two-stage technique. During the first stage of the technique, in one set of samples, Cu, In and Ga layers were deposited by electrodeposition on a Mo coated stainless steel (SS) foil substrate forming a SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga precursor structure. For another set of samples, a Te layer was also deposited by e-beam evaporation on the SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga structure forming a SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga/Te precursor structure. During the second stage, SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga and SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga/Te stacks were reacted using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for 5 min at 600 °C with or without presence of S vapors to produce CIGTS series thin films. SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga stack under S atmosphere yielded CuInGaS2 with a Ga-In gradient across the thickness by RTA process. SS/Mo/Cu/In/Ga/Te stack reacted without S in the reaction atmosphere yielded the CuInGaTe2 compound. When S was present, the same stack with top Te layer yielded only CuInGaS2 compound. When, however, already formed CuInGaTe2 compound layers were heated in S environment at 400 °C, some Te could be retained in the films in the form of elemental Te. Gallium and In grading in various reacted films were evaluated by x-ray diffraction, secondary-ion mass spectrometry and EDS. CIGTS films showed highly (112) preferred oriented chalcopyrite phase and with the increase of Ga content, shifts were observed in the XRD peak positions demonstrating Ga inclusion in the lattice. Gibbs free energy calculations were used to explain the preferred reaction of S with metallic constituents when both S and Te were present for reaction.
Study on the ionization and acceleration of a microwave discharge cusped field thruster
Authors: Zeng Ming , Liu Hui , Huang Hongyan , Yu Daren
Published: March 2023

The microwave discharge cusped field thruster is a novel concept electric micro propulsion device, also a candidate thruster for the gravitational detection mission. A coaxial transmission line resonator is utilized to feed the microwave into the thruster to generate Xe plasma steadily with a mass flow rate as low as 0.1 sccm. Due to the separation of ionization and acceleration, the thruster performs high operation mode stability over a wide range of voltage in low mass flow conditions. Experimental and simulation methods are carried out to study the ionization and ion acceleration of the thruster. The results show that in operating conditions with a mass flow rate of 0.1 sccm, an anode voltage of 0 V to 1000 V, and a microwave power of 2 W, the right-hand circularly polarized wave (R wave) and the ordinary wave (O wave) play the most important role in the ionization process. The ion acceleration region locates around the exit magnetic separatrix, and the acceleration region tends to converge toward the separatrix as the anode voltage increases, resulting in an increased focus of the thruster plume and concentration of the ion energy distribution. Due to the separation of the ionization and acceleration regions, the thruster performs a divergence efficiency of 0.5–0.8, and an acceleration efficiency of 0.9.
Experimental studies on the performance of magnetic shields under different magnetization conditions
Authors: Yang Jianzhi , Zhang Xu , Shi Minxia , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Leran , Wang Ling , Han Bangcheng
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, magnetic shields have provided basic experimental environments for the measurements of extremely weak magnetic fields represented by the biological magnetic signal. Excellent shielding performances, including the low residual field and high shielding factor (SF), are necessary to ensure the quality of these weak magnetic signals and avoid the interference of external magnetic fields. The magnetic shielding performance of the same device can be affected by different degaussing and test conditions, which remains to be systematically studied. In this paper, experiments with variable magnetization conditions, including different degaussing orders, test fields and environmental fields, are established in a nearly zero-field space to simulate the different situations during measurement. The residual field and SF of the cubic shielding device are tested in these cases. Meanwhile, these shielding performances are analyzed from the perspective of the magnetization state and calculated based on the magnetic properties which are tested and fitted by the Jiles–Atherton model. The results show the influence of these different conditions on the shielding performances of the cubic device, consistent with the numerical calculation. Under the same environmental field, the different degaussing order and test field lead to completely different residual field and shielding performance, respectively. The influence of the Earth’s magnetic field on the SF can be ignored due to its tiny equivalent bias field determined by the anhysteretic magnetization curve.
Vector meson photoproduction in UPCs with FoCal
Authors: Bylinkin A , Nystrand J , Tapia Takaki D
Published: March 2023

We discuss the physics prospects of photon-induced measurements using the high-granularity FoCal detector to be installed at the ALICE experiment, covering the pseudorapidity interval 3.4 ≤η≤ 5.8. This new detector, scheduled to be in operation from Run 4, will explore the small Bjorken-xphysics region in an unprecedented way. In this region the gluon ,saturation phenomenon is expected to be dominant. Combined with the rest of the ALICE subdetectors, including the zero degree calorimenters, FoCal will serve to reconstruct in a model-independent way the measured photoproduction cross sections for vectors mesons in a wide range of photon-target energies, down toxvalues of about 7 × 10−6and 2 × 10−6in ultra-peripheral photon–proton and photon–lead collisions, respectively.
On the structures of new scalar resonances

Tcs0a(2900)++

and

Tcs0a(2900)0
Authors: Agaev S S , Azizi K , Sundu H
Published: March 2023

We investigate properties of the new scalar resonances

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

++

and

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

0

, which were recently reported by the LHCb collaboration. These states were observed as resonant structures in

D

s

+

π

+

and

D

s

+

π

−

invariant mass distributions in B
+ meson decays. We argue that

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

++

and

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

0

may be modeled as molecules



++

=

D

s

∗
+

ρ

+

and



0

=

D

s

∗
+

ρ

−

of conventional vector mesons, respectively. The mass m and current coupling f of the molecule



++

are calculated using a two-point sum rule method. The sum rule analysis is performed by taking into account vacuum condensates up to dimension 8. The obtained result for the mass, m = (2917 ± 135) MeV, permits us to consider the molecule



++

as one of the possible models of the resonance

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

++

. Because the second structure

T

cs
0

a

(
2900
)

0

is isospin partner of the doubly charged state, it should have a mass close to m.
How to derive a predictive field theory for active Brownian particles: a step-by-step tutorial
Authors: Vrugt Michael te , Bickmann Jens , Wittkowski Raphael
Published: March 2023

The study of active soft matter has developed into one of the most rapidly growing areas of physics. Field theories, which can be developed either via phenomenological considerations or by coarse-graining of a microscopic model, are a very useful tool for understanding active systems. Here, we provide a detailed review of a particular coarse-graining procedure, theinteraction-expansion method(IEM). The IEM allows for the systematic microscopic derivation of predictive field theories for systems of interacting active particles. We explain in detail how it can be used for a microscopic derivation of active model B+, which is a widely used scalar active matter model. Extensions and possible future applications are also discussed.
In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on SiO
x
/Si: Interface dipole and persistent surface groups
Authors: Li Jinxiong , Zhao Ran , Wang Xinwei
Published: March 2023

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an essential technology in many areas. To better develop and use this technology, it is of the pivot to understand the surface chemistry during the ALD film growth. The growth of an ALD oxide film may also induce an electric dipole at the interface, which may be further tuned to modulate the flat band voltage for electronic device applications. To understand the associated surface chemistry and interface dipole formation process, we herein employ an in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique to study the ALD growth of Al2O3, from trimethylaluminum and H2O, on the SiO
x
/Si surface. We find that an electric dipole is formed at the Al2O3/SiO
x
interface immediately after the first Al2O3 layer is deposited. We also observe persistent surface methyl groups in the H2O half-cycle during ALD, and the amount of the persistent methyls is particularly higher during the initial Al2O3 ALD growth, which suggests the formation of Si−CH3 on the surface. These findings can provide useful routes and insights toward interface engineering by ALD.
Temperature dependent characteristics of flexible p-PANI/n-ZnO based hybrid heterojunction diode
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Singh Naorem Santakrus , Kumar Lalit , Annapoorni S
Published: March 2023

This study aims to develop and characterize a flexible p-PANI/n-ZnO heterojunction diode developed from a combination of electrochemical and sputtering technique. Investigation of structural properties and morphology of the thin films has been done from XRD and SEM analysis. To study the temperature effect on the electrical properties of the diode, current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) measurements were done for the temperature range 25–300 K. Applying the ideal thermionic emission theory, various diode parameters like reverse saturation current, quality factor, series resistance and barrier height were computed utilizing the semilogarithmic plot of I–V curve and Cheungs’ method. Barrier height, reverse saturation current and quality factor calculated from ln(I) versus V curve were observed to vary from 0.0627–0.725 eV, 0.236–98.8 nA and 54.43–3.29 respectively over the temperature range 25–300 K. It has been found that the series resistance falls with a rise in temperature. The barrier height, series resistance and ideality factor were observed to vary from 0.0628–0.692 eV, 15 900–46.8 Kohm and 41.88–2.27 respectively for the temperature range 25–300 K. The activation energy estimated from Arrhenius plot was observed to be 14.51 meV. Additionally, the fabricated PANI/ZnO diode was mechanically robust that can be bent without affecting its performance.