bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimasi Kemauan Masyarakat Membayar Biaya Lingkungan: Studi Kasus pada Kandang Kelompok Kambing Peranakan Etawah di Desa Girikerto, Turi, Sleman (Estimation of the People Willingness to Pay Environmental Cost: Case Study at Etawah Crossbreed Goat Group F
Authors: Kusumastuti Tri Anggraeni , (Masyhuri) Masyhuri , Suryantini Any
Published: April 2016

The aims of this study was to analyze the kind of people willingness to pay and the factors affecting the existence of Etawah crossbreed goat group farm. Girikerto Village, Turi, Sleman was chosen as research site because it was the
center of Etawah crossbreed goat village system in Sleman. Samples of 40 people at surrounding area were determined purposively based on residence distance to the village group system location. To analyze the relation between the willingness to pay of people and its affecting factors Ordinal Logit Regression Analysis methods were used with STATA software version 6.0. Aid in labor form has higher value than material physical aid. It was due to in social institution role of social capital in form of voluntary work very much influent the existence of village group system. Model estimation with Ordinal Logit Regression, indicated that education, total income, distance of residence to village group system, salak plantation area, and occupation type had positively significant effect on people willingness to pay, while based on marginal effect calculation, all independent variables indicated negative tendency or low appreciation from people toward environment.

(Key words: The willingness to pay of people, Ordinal Logit, Social capital, Marginal effect)
Performans Induk Sapi Silangan Simmental – Peranakan Ongole dan Induk Sapi Peranakan Ongole dengan Pakan Hijauan dan Konsentrat (Performance of Simmental – Ongole Crossbred Cow and Ongole Crossbred Cow Fed with Forage and Concentrate Feed)
Authors: Endrawati Eny , Baliarti Endang , Budi Subur Priyono Sasmito
Published: April 2016

The purposed of the study was to identify performances of Simmental – Ongole Crossbred (SIMPO) cow and Ongole Crossbred (PO) cow fed with forage and concentrate feed. This experiment was carried out at Laboratory of
Meat, Draught, and Companion Animals, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta on May 16th to July 24th 2009. Six SIMPO cows with initial body weight of 352±47 kg and ten PO cows with initial body weight
of 295±60 kg aged 3-4 years was used in the experiments. They were fed with elephant grasses and concentrate feds (60:40/DM basis) as much as 3% of body weight (DM basis). Data collected were dry matter, organic matter, crude
protein and total digestible nutrients intakes, dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibilities, body condition score and estrus cycles. Experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data
optained showed that feed intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and TDN on SIMPO were higher (P<0.01) than PO (13.99±2.64 kg/head/day vs 10.95±1.03 kg/head/day; 11.74±2.21 kg/head/day vs 9.17±0.87
kg/head/day; 1.63±0.29 kg/head/day vs 1.28±0.11 kg/head/day; 7.53±1.41 kg/head/day vs 6.17±0.60 kg/head/day respectively), whereas there were no significant differences on the nutrient intake expressed in metabolic body weight
(0.16±0.02 kgMBW vs 0.14±0.02 kgMBW; 0.13±0.02 kgMBW vs 0.12±0.02 kgMBW; 0.018±0.002 kgMBW vs 0.02±0.002 kgMBW; 0.09±0.01 kgMBW vs 0.08±0.01 kgMBW) respectively. There were no difference both on dry
matter, organic matter, crude protein digestibility (70.83±3.26% vs 65.36±2.19%; 72.38±3.08% vs 67.10±2.15%; 79.48±2.29% vs 75.79±2.17%), and so were in the case of BCS, and estrus cycles in SIMPO and PO cow. It is concluded that based on the metabolic body weight and feed digestibility, between SIMPO and PO cows were similar.

(Key words: Performance, Cow, Simmental – Ongole Crossbred cow, Ongole Crossbred cow, Forage, Concentrate)
Kualitas Bakso Daging Sapi Peranakan Ongole yang Diberi Pakan Basal Tongkol Jagung dan Undegraded Protein dalam Complete Feed (The Quality of Meatball Made From Meat of Ongole Crossbred Fed Corncob Basal Diet and Undegraded Protein in Complete Feed)
Authors: Berutu Karina Mia , Suryanto Edi , Utomo Ristanto
Published: April 2016

The experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, physical and organoleptic quality of meatballs made from meat of Ongole Crossbred (PO) fed corncob basal feed and undegraded protein in complete feed.
Twelve PO cattle were divided into 3 treatment groups of forage and concentrate (P1), complete feed (P2), and complete feed and undegraded protein (P3). At the end of experiment, nine cattle PO were slaughtered and the meat of
Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles were used for making meatballs. The meatball was then used for chemical, physical and organoleptical tests. The data of chemical and physical quality were analyzed by analysis of
variance Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and the significant means different were further tested by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Organoleptic characteristics of data non-parametric statistics were analyzed with
the Kruskal-Wallis method. The results showed that the type of muscle did not significantly affect water content, protein content, pH and water binding capacity, except fat and tenderness of meatball. The fat content of LD meatball (2.57%)
was lower than BF meatball (2.66%), whereas the tenderness of LD meatball (14.95 mm) was higher than BF meatball (11.93 mm). The feed treatment significantly affected (P<0.01) water, fat, protein content and pH of meatball.
Meatballs of P1, P2, and P3 groups contained moisture of 66.07, 66.36, and 68.57%, crude fat of 2.59, 2.62, and 2.63%, crude protein of 12.41, 13.48, and 13.90%, pH 6.76, 6.30, and 6.01 respectively. The statistical tests of
organoleptic quality of meatballs and feed treatment showed that there was significant different (P<0.01) of color, flavor, texture, and tenderness. LD and BF meatballs had scores of color 2.63 and 2.58, flavor 2.55 and 2.68, texture
2.90, and 2.62, and tenderness 2.60 and 2.97 respectively. P1, P2, and P3 meatballs had scores of color 2.51, 2.56, and 2.73, flavor 2.94, 2.44, and 2.45, texture 3.09, 2.76, and 2.43, and tenderness 2.85, 2.77, and 2.74 respectively. It could be concluded that the feed treatment significantly affected the organoleptic quality of meatball such as color, flavor, texture, and tenderness.

(Key words: PO cattle bred, Complete feed, Undegraded protein, Meatballs quality)
PENGARUH KEMASAN TERHADAP KUALITAS DADIH SUSU SAPI
Authors: (Miskiyah) Miskiyah , Broto Wisnu
Published: April 2016

Dadih is a traditional dairy product obtained from a fermentation of buffalo milk and usually packed using bamboo. The usage of bamboo for dadih packaging has limitation in transportation and storage life. This study aimed to examine the effect of packaging material to dadih quality produced from cow milk during storage. Experimental design used at this study was Completely Randomized Design with Factorial pattern (7 x 7). The first factor is packaging material that are bamboo; cup plastic pp; flexypack packaging; clay; flexypack packaging (with evacuation from bamboo); clay (with evacuation from bamboo); cup plastic pp (with evacuation from bamboo). The second factor is storage time (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 days). Result showed that best packaging to cow milk dadih is flexypack and cup plastic pp. Cow milk dadih that was packed in flexypack and cup plastic pp had storage life up to 24 days at cold temperature (refrigerator). From the perspective of economic, cup plastic pp packaging showed most efficient
packaging. Characteristic of cow milk dadih packaged in cup plastic pp were total of titratable acid 1,60%; pH 3,88; viscocity 351,43 cPs; total solid 14,75%; water content 85,25%; ash content 0,90%; protein content 2,43%; fat content
3,68%; total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at 8 x 1011 CFUs/g. Total LAB at dadih packaged in other kinds of packaging were >108 CFUs/ml. Organoleptic test showed that cup plastic pp packaging had excellence in tidiness attribute and
consumption amenity. Meanwhile, curd of dadih packaged in bamboo and flexypack had excellent at color and aroma. Clay packaging had excellence in mouthfell and texture. In general, the first priority of dadih choosen by panelist was cow milk dadih packed in clay packaging, bamboo treatment to flexypack packaging, and bamboo treatment to cup plastic pp.

(Keyword: Dadih, Packaging, Quality)
PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN BAKSO DI MALANG
Authors: Hartono Budi , Ningsih Umi Wisapti , Septiarini Nila Fithria
Published: April 2016

The objective of this research were to analyzed the characteristics and the factors influencing the purchasing of meatballs in Malang. The research was conducted in Malang, East Java in March 2011. One hundred and twenty consumers were chosen as respondents by Accidental Sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and factor analyses. The results showed that most customers were women, student status, with the age below 35 years old, and incomes level of IDR 1.000.000,00 into IDR 2.000.000,00 per month. The meatball`s price was affordable by the consumers. The meatball`s purchasing patterns showed that the meatball was consumed not as a main meal but only for culinary, hobby and also as snacks. The eight factors considered by consumers of meatball purchasing consecutively were price, social class, accessibility, parking, display presentation, satisfaction, income and demographics, respectively.

(Key words: Consumer`s behavior, Considerance factor, Meatball)
PENDUGAAN BOBOT BADAN CALON PEJANTAN SAPI BALI MENGGUNAKAN DIMENSI UKURAN TUBUH
Authors: Zurahmah Nani , The Enos
Published: April 2016

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menemukan penduga terbaik bagi bobot badan (BB) calon pejantan (jantan muda) sapi Bali dari dimensi ukuran tubuhnya: lingkar dada (LD), panjang badan (PB) dan tinggi badannya (TB). Tiga puluh satu calon pejantan sapi Bali (umur 1,5 sampai 2 tahun) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis Best Subsets Regression digunakan untuk menemukan model pendugaan bobot badan terbaik bagi calon pejantan sapi Bali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkar dada merupakan penduga bobot badan terbaik bagi calon pejantan sapi Bali bila pendugaan dilakukan hanya menggunakan satu peubah bebas, melalui formula: BB = 2,62 LD – 192. Bila pendugaan bobot badan tersebut menggunakan dua peubah bebas, maka lingkar dada dan panjang badan calon pejantan sapi Bali merupakan penduga terbaik, melalui formula: BB = 2,36 LD + 0,78 PB – 236. Pendugaan bobot badan calon pejantan sapi Bali umur 1,5 sampai 2 tahun menggunakan tiga peubah bebas (LD, PB, dan TB), dapat dilakukan menggunakan formula berikut: BB = 2,30 LD + 0,733 PB + 0,139 TB – 237, namun akan jauh lebih efisien dan efektif bila pendugaan bobot badan tersebut menggunakan formula: BB = 2,36 LD + 0,78 PB – 236, karena tingkat akurasi formula tersebut lebih baik. Formula-formula tersebut sangat baik diaplikasikan pada peternakan tradisional di suatu wilayah dalam rangka memilih calon pejantan yang baik untuk wilayah tersebut.

(Kata kunci: Calon pejantan sapi Bali, Bobot badan, Dimensi ukuran tubuh)
PENGARUH JUS DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle Linn) SEBAGAI BAHAN PRECURING DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN ANGKA PEROKSIDA DENDENG AYAM PETELUR
Authors: Indriastuti Aloysia Tenny Damayanti , (Setiyono) Setiyono , Erwanto Yuny
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jus daun sirih (Piper betle Linn) pada proses precuring dan lama penyimpanan terhadap komposisi kimia dan angka peroksida dendeng ayam petelur. Daging direndam jus daun sirih (0, 5, 10, dan 15%) kemudian diolah menjadi dendeng. Produk dendeng disimpan pada suhu kamar selama 0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 minggu. Variabel yang diukur meliputi kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak, pH, dan angka peroksida. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 4 x 5 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi jus daun sirih berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar air, protein, lemak, dan angka peroksida. Lama simpan hingga minggu kedelapan berpengaruh nyata
(P<0,05) terhadap pH dan angka peroksida. Interaksi antara konsentrasi jus dan lama simpan terjadi pada angka peroksida. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi jus daun sirih dapat digunakan hingga 15% karena dapat
mempertahankan komposisi kimia secara proposional dan menekan angka peroksida sehingga memperpanjang lama penyimpanan dendeng ayam petelur afkir.

(Kata kunci: Daging ayam, Daun sirih, Dendeng, Komposisi kimia, Angka peroksida)
KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM YANG DIPRODUKSI DARI KOMBINASI GELATIN KULIT KAKI AYAM DAN SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE
Authors: Hasdar Muhamad , Erwanto Yuny , Triatmojo Suharjono
Published: April 2016

Penelitian bertujuan memanfaatkan gelatin kulit kaki ayam yang dikombinasikan dengan soy protein isolate sebagai bahan baku edible film. Materi penelitian adalah gelatin kulit kaki ayam dan soy protein isolate. Penelitian terbagi atas dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama adalah pembuatan gelatin kulit kaki ayam yang direndam dengan NaOH 0,1%, asam sulfat 0,1%, dan asam sitrat 0,4%. Tahap kedua yaitu pembuatan edible film yang dikombinasikan dengan soy protein isolate pada perbandingan (75:25, 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, dan 95:5). Analisis data mengunakan variansi pola searah, apabila terdapat beda nyata diteruskan uji Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Profil protein dianalisis dengan
SDS-PAGE dan menunjukkan sebagai molekul kolagen. Hasil analisis kandungan asam amino edible film menggunakan HPLC dihasilkan komposisi residu asam amino terbesar adalah glysin yaitu 29,42%, 37,88%, 38,32%, 39,28% dan 39,17% pada masing-masing perlakuan. Hal itu menggambarkan bahwa profil protein edible film dapat dipastikan sebagian besar berasal dari kolagen gelatin. Pengamatan dengan scaning electron microscope menunjukkan telah terbentuk cross linking antara molekul protein gelatin dan molekul soy protein isolate dan yang ditunjukan semakin berkurangnya retakan seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi gelatin. Perbedaan kombinasi gelatin kulit kaki ayam dan soy protein isolate untuk membentuk edible film tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada kekuatan tarik (tensile strenght), dan kemuluran (elongation), namun berpengaruh nyata pada laju transmisi uap air (Water Vapour Transmision Rate). Kombinasi 95:5 protein gelatin kulit kaki ayam dan soy protein isolate menghasilkan edible film yang terbaik.

(Kata kunci: Edible film, Gelatin kaki ayam, Soy protein isolate)
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN DAN PREDIKSI KONSUMSI SERTA PRODUKSI DAGING BROILER DI KOTA KENDARI PROPINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Hadini Hairil Adzulyatno , Nurtini Sudi , Sulastri Endang
Published: April 2016

Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan daging broiler di Kota Kendari, mengetahui respon (elastisitas) jumlah penduduk, pendapatan, harga daging broiler, daging sapi, daging ayam
buras, telur, ikan bandeng, minyak goreng, beras dan kejadian flu burung terhadap perubahan permintaan daging broiler, dan memprediksi kebutuhan daging broiler di Kota Kendari. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja
berdasarkan populasi terbesar. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif analisis menggunakan data sekunder (time series) tahun1994-2008 meliputi jumlah penduduk, pendapatan, harga daging broiler, daging sapi, daging ayam buras, telur, ikan bandeng, minyak goreng dan beras. Estimasi fungsi permintaan menggunakan analisis Regresi Linier Berganda dalam logaritma. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama variabel independen memberikan pengaruh signifikan (P<0,01) terhadap variabel dependen dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,9804. Secara parsial jumlah penduduk, pendapatan, harga daging broiler, harga daging sapi, harga telur, harga ikan bandeng, harga minyak goreng dan harga beras, masing-masing berpengaruh terhadap permintaan daging broiler. Prediksi konsumsi daging broiler tahun 2015 mencapai 428.463 kg. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, pendapatan perkapita, harga daging sapi dan ikan
bandeng dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan daging broiler. Peningkatan harga daging broiler, minyak goreng dan beras dapat menurunkan permintaan daging broiler. Elastisitas pendapatan terhadap permintaan daging
broiler masyarakat Kota Kendari bernilai positif dan kurang dari satu, menunjukkan bahwa daging broiler termasuk barang superior yang merupakan barang kebutuhan pokok. Elastisitas harga daging broiler sendiri bersifat inelastis yang menunjukkan daging broiler merupakan barang kebutuhan pokok. Daging broiler merupakan barang substitusi bagi daging sapi dan ikan bandeng, sedangkan minyak goreng dan beras termasuk barang komplementer. Perkembangan konsumsi daging broiler cenderung mengalami peningkatan, seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu dan jumlah penduduk.

(Kata kunci: Permintaan, Daging broiler, Elastisitas)
PENGARUH LEVEL ONGGOK SEBAGAI ADITIF TERHADAP KUALITAS SILASE ISI RUMEN SAPI
Authors: Utomo Ristanto , Budhi Subur Priyono Sasmito , Astuti Irma Fitri
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh level pemberian onggok sebagai aditif terhadap kualitas silase yang dibuat dari isi rumen sapi. Terdapat tiga level perlakuan penambahan onggok, yaitu 0 (kontrol), 15, dan 30% dari berat bahan kering isi rumen sapi, dan tiga lama peram yaitu 14, 21, dan 28 hari. Setiap perlakuan dibuat lima kali sebagai ulangan. Silase dibuat menggunakan stoples plastik yang berfungsi sebagai silo. Setiap akhir pemeraman dilakukan uji kualitas meliputi warna, bau, tekstur, ada tidaknya jamur, kandungan bahan kering (BK), dan bahan organik (BO), serta pH. Data BK, BO, dan pH dianalisis variansi menggunakan Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD). Perbedaan yang nyata sebagai efek lama peram dilanjutkan uji Duncan's new Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Khusus dari hasil silase pemeraman 21 hari dilakukan analisis komposisi kimia meliputi serat kasar (SK), ekstrak eter (EE), dan protein kasar (PK). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis variansi menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola searah. Perbedaan yang nyata sebagai efek perlakuan dilanjutkan uji DMRT. Uji kualitas fisik menunjukkan warna coklat kehijauan, bau asam, tekstur kasar, dan tidak ada pertumbuhan jamur. Penambahan onggok pada level yang berbeda meningkatkan (P<0,01) nilai komposisi kimia silase isi rumen sapi, yaitu BK dan BO, sedangkan SK, EE, dan PK mengalami penurunan (P<0,01). Penambahan onggok sebagai aditif pada pembuatan silase dari isi rumen sapi cukup pada level 15% karena pada hari ke 14, pH telah turun menjadi 3,87±0,07, tetap stabil sampai hari ke 28 (3,93±0,11), didukung oleh skor Fleig yang mencapai 98,58±3,39 (sangat baik).

(Kata kunci : Isi rumen sapi, Onggok, Lama peram, Silase)
KARAKTERISTIK MIKROBA DAN KIMIA SOSIS AYAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KHITOSAN DAN ANGKAK YANG DISIMPAN PADA REFRIGERATOR
Authors: Vergiyana Nia , (Rusman) Rusman , (Supadmo) Supadmo
Published: April 2016

Zat pengawet dan pewarna alami yang ditambahkan pada produk olahan daging aman untuk dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan khitosan dan angkak ke dalam sosis ayam sebagai zat antibakteri berdasarkan karakteristik mikrobiologi dan kimia sosis ayam sampai penyimpanan 21 hari pada refrigerator. Rasio penambahan angkak (w/w) dan khitosan (w/v) masing-masing 0; 0,5 ;1; 1,5; 2%. Khitosan dilarutkan dalam asam asetat 1%. Penyimpanan dilakukan sampai 21 hari pada refrigerator dengan pengamatan 0, 7, 14, dan 21 hari. Variabel yang diamati meliputi aktivitas antibakteri, karakteristik mikroba (Enterobactericeae, dan Salmonella) dan kimia (kadar air, protein, lemak, dan aktivitas antioksidan). Data aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), Enterobacteriaceae dengan One-Way ANOVA, karakteristik kimia dan mikrobiologi dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi pola faktorial 4 × 5 dengan faktor lama penyimpanan dan kombinasi konsentrasi
khitosan:angkak dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Penambahan khitosan dan angkak sampai 2% dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri khitosan yaitu 1,92% dan 3,06 mm, tetapi menurunkan kadar air 2,54%. Lama penyimpanan sosis sampai 21 hari pada refrigerator meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan yaitu 6,25%. Penambahan khitosan:angkak dan lama penyimpanan sampai 21 hari tidak mengubah kadar protein dan lemak. Total Enterobacteriaceae terdeteksi pada hari ke-21 tetapi populasi masih sangat rendah (<30,0×101 CFU/g), Salmonella tidak menunjukkan adanya populasi sampai 21 hari. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa lama penyimpanan sosis ayam yang ditambah khitosan dan angkak pada refrigerator sampai 21 hari masih layak untuk dikonsumsi.

(Kata kunci: Sosis, Khitosan, Angkak, Refrigerator, Kimia, Mikrobiologi)
EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI GULMA, HIJAUAN PAKAN DAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN YANG DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK DI WILAYAH LAHAN KERING LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Ernawati Ni Made Laksmi , Ngawit I Ketut
Published: April 2016

Difficulties on weeds control and fodder scarcity in dry season are the major problems at dry land. Aim of this research was to identify and to explore the potency of several kinds of weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes that can be used as fodder, and further might be processed to make hay and silage. Explorative research to identify, observe, and collect data has been done using descriptive method of dominant weeds, forages, and agricultural waste that frequently used as fodder by farmers. The farmer’s decision to use weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes were determined by preference level of cattles and farmers empirical experiences. Result showed that dominant weeds found were broad leafed weeds with domination level 34.62-81.45% and narrow leafed weeds (grasses and teki) with domination level 28.65-65.38%. Broad leafed weeds that generally used as fodder were Cintella asiatica, Amaranthus spp., Mikania sp., Cyclosorous aridus, Gleichenia linearis, Physalis angulata, Portulaca oleracea, Mucaena pruriens, and Desmodium scalpe. Grasses weeds and teki were potential fodder with preference level of cattle from very much like to extremely like. Forage and agricultural waste that be potential as fodder were gamal leaf, sengon leaf, banana leaf and stem and coconut, agricultural waste of peanuts, corn, and sweet potato.

(Key words: Animal feed, Agricultural wastes, Dry land, Fodder, Forage, Identification and exploration, Weeds)
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI SIMMENTAL PERANAKAN ONGOLE DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP JUMLAH KEPEMILIKAN PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Sahala Josua
Published: April 2016

This study was done to determine the financial feasibility of beef cattle fattening and the factors affecting on amount of cattle ownership of small scale farmer in Karanganyar District. The location quotient (LQ) selected were Jenawi, Jatiyoso and Mojogedang sub-districts. Sampling respondents were determined by purposive sampling of 40 SimPO cattle farmers. Survey method was adopted to collect the primary data from respondents and the secondary data from relevant offices. The criteria for feasibility analysis was net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR), followed by payback period of credit (PPC) and break event point (BEP). Multiple regression linear analysis was used to determine the factors that influence the number of cattle ownership. The results of analysis showed that financially SimPO cattle fattening with a period of 5 years and a discount factor of 12%/year was feasible. Regression analysis showed that there were positive effects (P<0.01) of agricultural land, beef cattle business experience and the number of labour on the number of beef cattle ownership. It was concluded that SimPO cattle fattening in Karanganyar was feasible.

(Key words: Break event point, Fattening, Simmental Ongole Crossbred cattle, Financial analysis, Multiple regresion linear analysis, Small scale farmer)

 
Improved Accuracy of Component Positioning with Robotic-Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bell Stuart W. , Anthony Iain , Jones Bryn , MacLean Angus , Rowe Philip , Blyth Mark
Published: April 2016

Background:

Higher revision rates have been reported in patients who have undergone unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty, with poor component positioning identified as a factor in implant failure. A robotic-assisted surgical procedure has been proposed as a method of improving the accuracy of component implantation in arthroplasty. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial was to evaluate the accuracy of component positioning in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty comparing robotic-assisted and conventional implantation techniques.

Methods:

One hundred and thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either a robotic-assisted surgical procedure using the MAKO Robotic Interactive Orthopaedic Arm (RIO) system or a conventional surgical procedure using the Oxford Phase-3 unicompartmental knee replacement with traditional instrumentation. A postoperative computed tomographic scan was performed at three months to assess the accuracy of the axial, coronal, and sagittal component positioning.

Results:

Data were available for 120 patients, sixty-two who had undergone robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and fifty-eight who had undergone conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Intraobserver agreement was good for all measured component parameters. The accuracy of component positioning was improved with the use of the robotic-assisted surgical procedure, with lower root mean square errors and significantly lower median errors in all component parameters (p < 0.01). The proportion of patients with component implantation within 2° of the target position was significantly greater in the group who underwent robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared with the group who underwent conventional unicompartmental knee arthroscopy with regard to the femoral component sagittal position (57% compared with 26%, p = 0.0008), femoral component coronal position (70% compared with 28%, p = 0.0001), femoral component axial position (53% compared with 31%, p = 0.0163), tibial component sagittal position (80% compared with 22%, p = 0.0001), and tibial component axial position (48% compared with 19%, p = 0.0009).

Conclusions:

Robotic-assisted surgical procedures with the use of the MAKO RIO lead to improved accuracy of implant positioning compared with conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty surgical techniques.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Challenging the Conventional Standard for Thoracic Spine Range of Motion
Authors: Borkowski Sean L. , Tamrazian Eric , Bowen Richard E. , Scaduto Anthony A. , Ebramzadeh Edward , Sangiorgio Sophia N.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Segmental motion is a fundamental characteristic of the thoracic spine; however, studies of segmental ranges of motion have not been summarized or analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to present a summary of the literature on intact cadaveric thoracic spine segmental range of motion in each anatomical plane.

Methods:

A systematic MEDLINE search was performed with use of the terms “thoracic spine,” “motion,” and “cadaver.” Reports that included data on the range of motion of intact thoracic human cadaveric spines were included. Independent variables included experimental details (e.g., specimen age), type of loading (e.g., pure moments), and applied moment. Dependent variables included the ranges of motion in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.

Results:

Thirty-three unique articles were identified and included. Twenty-three applied pure moments to thoracic spine specimens, with applied moments ranging from 1.5 to 8 Nm. Estimated segmental range of motion pooled means ranged from 1.9° to 3.8° in flexion-extension, from 2.1° to 4.4° in lateral bending, and from 2.4° to 5.2° in axial rotation. The sums of the range of motion pooled means (T1 to T12) were 28° in flexion-extension, 36° in lateral bending, and 45° in axial rotation.

Conclusions:

The pooled ranges of motion were similar to reported in vivo motions but were considerably smaller in magnitude than the frequently referenced values reported prior to the widespread use of biomechanical testing standards. Improved reporting of biomechanical testing methods, as well as specimen health, may be beneficial for improving on these estimations of segmental cadaveric thoracic spine range of motion.
An Integrated Drilling and Geomechanics Approach Helps to Successfully Drill Wells along the Minimum Horizontal Stress Direction in Khuff Reservoirs
Authors: Ahmed Sajjad , Khan Khaqan , Omini Peter , Abdulaziz Azly , Ahmed Mujahed , Yadav Anurag Singh , Mohiuddin Mohammed Ahmed
Published: April 2016

Saudi Aramco is drilling horizontal wells along the minimum horizontal stress direction in an attempt to generate multiple transverse fractures during stimulation to increase gas production and enhance recovery. However, drilling operations in these wells are difficult due to wellbore instability because of the higher mud weights required to minimize formation breakout due to prevailing in-situ stress conditions. Increased mud weight also led to higher differential pressure across the variably depleted reservoir layers, which when coupled with formation instability, created greater challenges for the drilling team. These conditions resulted in a significantly increased number of stuck pipe incidents, incurring noticeably high nonproductive time including loss of bottomhole assemblies in the hole. To address these problems, an integrated approach between drilling expertise, applied geomechanics, and advanced mud logging technology was applied to successfully overcome stuck pipe events arising from wellbore instability and differential sticking. Additionally, the drilling and tripping practices were customized to confront borehole instability issues. Further, to account for formation heterogeneity and varying in-situ stresses, the predrill Mechanical-Earth-Model (MEM) was updated during drilling using Real-Time Drilling Geomechanics (RTDG). In addition, advanced cutting return-monitoring technology was used, which helped hole cleaning to minimize the risk of stuck pipe due to formation failure (excessive cuttings). An insight into the planning, challenges encountered, and procedures implemented to successfully drill the planned horizontal wells will be presented.
Casing Failures Correlated with Cementing Quality in Steam Injection Wells
Authors: Al Farsi Ghaida
Published: April 2016

Steam injection wells have been used as an oil recovery method for an extended amount of time in the industry. It is used to recover oil of extremely high viscosities by lowering its viscosity using the steam zone created by the injection. To lower the viscosity the steam must be pumped at very high temperatures and pressure, which can create thermal stresses that are too high on the casing. This thermal stresses affect the casing even more if the cementing job on the casing is not very high quality. The focus for this paper will be on casing failures in steam injection wells, and whether these causes are connected in the integrity of the cement or not. Other factors such as corrosion or sand invasion will be excluded from this study. The data that would be collected will be from drilling logs of well that have failed in the Mukhaizna field in the south of Oman. The data would focus on the amount of static and dynamic losses as well as the use of CemNET, which is used as a spotting cement fiber for loss zones. This study will eventually prove that there is a correlation between those casing failures and the loss zones, cementing effectiveness and use of spotting additives to block fractures.
Intelligent Production Application {ESP/GL hybrid system (electro-gas)}
Authors: Samieh Ahmed , Kamel Ibrahim , Metwally Ahmed
Published: April 2016

The objective is to discuss the combination between the two artificial lift system, gas lift and ESP in one string as a hybrid system.

ESP/GL hybrid technique will be more beneficial in the fields where already working with gas lift system and converted to ESP's; also in the areas which suffering from rig availability and high rig cost especially in offshore fields. The hybrid system will help to reduce the differed production and sustain the field target rates especially when the ESP's has any problems, failures or equipment availability. “ESP/GL “Electro Gas” will optimize and increase the production from the field by running the two systems commingled especially when the well productivity index increased. Using “ESP/GL “Electro Gas” system will give more reliability and flexibility to the artificial lift technology, down time, production, rig availability and cost effective solution.
Long Stroke Pumping Unit Driven By Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Cui Junguo , Xiao Wensheng , Feng Hao , Dong Weibin , Zhang Yanjing , Wang Zhigang , Jianghan Wuhan
Published: April 2016

At present, CNPC is using more than 120,000 conventional beam pumping units for oil production. The average efficiency of this conventional pumping system is only about 24%, so the energy consumption is very high. For energy-efficient, two types of long stroke pumping unit based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) were developed: direct-drive pumping unit (DDPU) and chain transmission pumping unit (CTPU).

For DDPU, the driving wheel is directly connected to a low-speed high-torque PMSM and drives the belt by friction to achieve oil pumping. The maximum polished rod load of DDPU is below 200kN. The CTPU is another version of DDPU: a chain transmission was added between the PMSM and driving wheel. CTPU is mainly larger type pumping unit, the maximum polished rod load of which is above 200kN.

A DDPU is tested on X9-4 well in Jianghan oilfield and a CTPU is tested on Dugu-4 well in Liaohe oilfield. Test results show that both pumping units run smoothly and have low noise, and the stroke is stepless adjustable. Compared with the replaced conventional beam pumping units, the energy consumption for DDPU is 21 percent lower and for CTPU is 28 percent lower. Fewer pumping cycles result in decreased sucker rod vibration and higher pump filling factor. The dynamic indicator diagrams are much closer to the static indicator diagram.

Now the two types of pumping unit have been deployed on more than 40 wells - mainly in Tarim oilfield for deep or viscous oil wells, and will be a new energy-saving and cost-reducing means of oil production.
Antibiotics in groundwater under locations with high livestock density in Germany
Authors: Balzer F. , Zühlke S. , Hannappel S.
Published: April 2016

Antibiotics are deployed in large quantities both in human and in veterinary medicine. Studies show that antibiotic residues occur in the environment (e.g. soil and surface waters). In some cases they were also detected in ground and drinking water. However, the degree of groundwater pollution by antibiotic residues from livestock farming is unknown. Therefore, the federal environment agency (UBA) supported a project that aimed to investigate near-surface groundwater samples in regions of high livestock density and high risk of groundwater exposure to antibiotics. By applying worst case criteria on existing sampling sites of our groundwater monitoring grid (high amounts of manure on site, high precipitation, low adsorption capacity of soils, high nitrate concentrations in ground water, etc.) adequate sampling sites were identified as well as relevant antibiotics (amount of application, water solubility, biological stability, etc.) by a literature review and contacts to local veterinary authorities. In total, groundwater at 48 sampling sites was selected for analyses of 23 antibiotic substances. Out of the 23 antibiotics, only three sulfonamides could be detected and quantified. With regard to the 48 sampling sites, at 39 locations no veterinary antibiotics were detected. At seven locations sulfadimidine and/or sulfadiazine was detected at low concentrations (<0.012 μg/L). Only sulfamethoxazole was repeatedly detected above 0.1 μg/L at two sites. Results show that translocation of veterinary antibiotics into near-surface groundwater in most parts of Germany does not occur above detection limits. Under unfavourable conditions leaching does occur but well below the limit values for pesticides (0.1 μg/L/0.5 μg/L). However, under some extreme conditions (to be identified by further research work) one antibiotic was present in groundwater above the pesticides limit values.
Access to safe drinking water and human health: empirical evidence from rural Bhutan
Authors: Rahut Dil Bahadur , Ali Akhter , Chhetri Nar Bahadur , Behera Bhagirath , Jena Pradyot Ranjan
Published: April 2016

Provision of safe drinking water is essential for the promotion of human well-being. This paper makes an attempt to examine the patterns of access to drinking water, identify and analyze the factors that influence households access to safe drinking water sources, and analyze factors determining the extent of households travel to fetch drinking water, and assess the effects of access to safe drinking water on human health in Bhutan, using the data from the Bhutan Living Standard Survey 2012 (BLSS 2012). For this, various methodological tools have been adopted such as logistic regression model, censored least absolute deviation model, and the propensity score matching (PSM) approach. The logistic regression results show that households with educated, younger, and male members are more likely to have access to safe drinking water. Wealthier households also prefer safe drinking water than their poorer counterparts. The PSM results suggest that households having access to safe drinking water have fewer stomach disorders and skin diseases, and are likely to incur less expenditure on medicine. Keeping these findings in mind, the paper suggests that the Bhutanese government should invest in water infrastructure, which may lead to a significant reduction in water-borne diseases and health expenditure.
Biotreatment of Petrochemical Wastewater: A Case Study from Northern Tunisia
Authors: Jemli Meryem , Zaghden Hatem , Rezgi Fatma , Kchaou Sonia , Aloui Fathi , Sayadi Sami
Published: April 2016

A full‐scale study has been conducted to assess the bioaugmentation efficiency of trickling filter process to treat petrochemical wastewater from a lubricant industry recycling waste oils. During 45 weeks, the organic loading rate (OLR) in the trickling filter was increased stepwise from 0.9 to 4 kg of chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3·day) at the end of the upgrading period as the flow rate (FR) reached the value of 30 m3/day. The removal, obtained in terms of percentage, for COD ranged from 60 to 84.5 and greater than 98 for total n‐alkane (TNA), while those of total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphor (TP) were about 32 and 55, respectively. The analytical profile index (API) of trickling biofilm has confirmed that 5 strains are closely related to Acinobacter junii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio metschnikovi, Pseudomona slulzeri and Trichosporon spp2.
Upper extremity function and quality of life in patients with breast cancer related lymphedema
Authors: Bojinovic-Rodic Dragana , Popovic-Petrovic Svetlana , Tomic Sanja , Markez Stanislava , Zivanic Dobrinka
Published: April 2016

Background/Aim. Upper limb lymphedema is one of the most frequent chronic complications after breast cancer treatment with a significant impact on the upper extremity function and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to estimate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with breast-cancer-related lymphedema and its correlation with upper limb function and the size of edema. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 54 breast-cancer-related lymphedema patients. The quality of life was evaluated by the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Upper limb function was assessed by the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (Quick DASH). The size of lymphedema was determined by the arm circumference. Results. The higher HRQoL score was assessed for mental health (47.0 ? 12.2) than for physical one (42.2 ? 7.5). The highest values of SF-36 were found in the domains of Mental Health (67.7 ? 22.9) and Social Function (70.1 ? 23.1). The lowest scores were registered in the domains of Role Physical (46.9 ? 39.1) and General Health (49.3 ? 20.1). Upper extremity function statistically significantly correlated with the domains Role Physical, Bodily Pain and Physical Composite Summary and also, with the domain Role Emotional (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant correlation between size of lymphedema and tested domains of quality of life (p > 0.05). Conclusions. Physical disability in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema influences quality of life more than mental health. Upper limb function has a significant impact on quality of life, not only on the physical, but also on the mental component. The presence of breast-cancer-related lymphedema certainly affects upper limb function and quality of life, but in this study no significant correlation between the size of edema and quality of life was found.
Dual Actions of Apolipoprotein A-I on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Insulin-Independent Peripheral Tissue Glucose Uptake Lead to Increased Heart and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Disposal
Authors: Domingo-Espín Joan , Lindahl Maria , Nilsson-Wolanin Oktawia , Cushman Samuel W. , Stenkula Karin G. , Lagerstedt Jens O.
Published: April 2016

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) of HDL is central to the transport of cholesterol in circulation. ApoA-I also provides glucose control with described in vitro effects of apoA-I on β-cell insulin secretion and muscle glucose uptake. In addition, apoA-I injections in insulin-resistant diet-induced obese (DIO) mice lead to increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and peripheral tissue glucose uptake. However, the relative contribution of apoA-I as an enhancer of GSIS in vivo and as a direct stimulator of insulin-independent glucose uptake is not known. Here, DIO mice with instant and transient blockade of insulin secretion were used in glucose tolerance tests and in positron emission tomography analyses. Data demonstrate that apoA-I to an equal extent enhances GSIS and acts as peripheral tissue activator of insulin-independent glucose uptake and verify skeletal muscle as an apoA-I target tissue. Intriguingly, our analyses also identify the heart as an important target tissue for the apoA-I–stimulated glucose uptake, with potential implications in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Explorations of apoA-I as a novel antidiabetic drug should extend to treatments of diabetic cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases in patients with diabetes.
2011 AERA Presidential Address: Designing Resilient Ecologies
Authors: Gutiérrez Kris D.
Published: April 2016

This article is about designing for educational possibilities—designs that in their inception, social organization, and implementation squarely address issues of cultural diversity, social inequality, and robust learning. I discuss an approach to design-based research, social design experiments, that privileges a social scientific inquiry organized around a new sociocultural imagination, with an expansive understanding of how people can learn resonantly, as they live together productively and interculturally. I present a case of a postindustrial mining town to illustrate what can be learned from ecological approaches to help us design, sustain, and re-mediate vulnerable ecologies. I also present an educational case from my work and one from architecture as arguments for consequential design interventions for nondominant communities.
Coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics and safety characteristics of liquid-fueled Molten Salt Reactors
Authors: Qiu S. , Zhang D. , Liu L. , Liu M. , Xu R. , Gong C. , Su G. H.
Published: April 2016

Molten salt reactor (MSR) as one candidate of the Generation IV advanced nuclear power systems is attracted more attention in China due to its top ranked fuel cycle and thorium utilization. The MSRs are characterized by using liquid-fuel, which offers complicated coupling problem of neutronics and thermal hydraulics. In this paper, the fundamental model and numerical method are established to calculate and analyze the safety characteristics for liquid-fuel MSRs. The theories and methodologies are applied to the MOSART concept. The liquid-fuel flow effects on neutronics, reactivity coefficients and three operation parameters' influences at steady state are obtained, which provide the basic information for safety analysis. The unprotected loss of flow transient is calculated, the results of which shows the inherent safety characteristics of MOSART due to its strong negative reactivity feedbacks.
A spray cooling technique for spent fuel assembly stored in pool
Authors: Lu Dao-Gang , Wang Y. , Zhong Hao-Liang , Duan Xiao-Han , Cao Q.
Published: April 2016

For the safety of spent nuclear fuel assemblies stored in storage pool in the extreme condition where the water is lost completely, a passive spray cooling technique was designed, and its effectiveness has been validated by a functional experiment. The spray cooling characteristics of the spent fuel assembly have also been investigated by the experiment.
Qualification of pebble fuel for HTGRs
Authors: Verfondern K. , Allelein H.-J.
Published: April 2016

The German HTGR fuel development program for the HTR-Modul concept has resulted in a reference design based on LEU UO2 TRISO coated particle fuel in a spherical fuel element. The coated particles consist of minute uranium particle kernels coated with layers of carbon and silicon carbide. Analyses on quality of as-manufactured fuel, its behavior under HTR-Modul relevant operating and accident conditions have demonstrated excellent performance. Coated particles can withstand high internal gas pressure without releasing their fission products to the environment. International efforts are on-going for further improvement of coated particle fuel to meet the needs of future generation-IV HTR concepts.
Green Suzuki Coupling Reaction for Synthesis of Abiraterone Acetate and its Analogues
Authors: Bian Xiaoqin , Wang Lizhong , Liu Jinliang , Wang Cunde
Published: April 2016

An eco-friendly efficient method was developed for the synthesis of abiraterone acetate and analogues in water-PEG-400 (6:1; v/v) at 75°C from various arylboronic acids and 17-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)oxy-3β-acetoxylandrosta-5,16-diene obtained from the 3-acetate of dehydroepiandrosterone.
Archaeological Evidence of Domestic Sheep in the Namib Desert During the First millennium AD
Authors: Kinahan John
Published: April 2016

Bones of domestic sheep dated to the early first millennium AD are described from the Dâures massif in the Namib Desert. The remains confirm earlier investigations which inferred the acquisition of livestock from indirect evidence in the rock art, suggesting a fundamental shift in ritual practice at this time. Dating of the sheep remains is in broad agreement with the dating of other finds in the same area and in southern Africa as a whole. The presence of suspected sheep bone artefacts, possibly used for ritual purposes, draws attention to the importance of livestock as more than a component of diet in the changing economy of hunter-gatherer society.