bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORRELATION BETWEEN THEORY OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT TOWARD CORPORATION IN INDONESIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE PRACTICE
Authors: Chandra Septa
Published: May 2017

The question of the correlation between theory of criminal liability and criminal punishment on criminal acts committed corporation is important to investigate in order to provide justification for the criminal prosecution of corporations. How a mistake should be constructed from a corporation associated with the theory of corporate criminal liability. As a consequence of the improper condition on the corporate views of whether the corporation has made a criminal offense can be avoided as part of discretion in running the business. If these obligations are not met, the corporation can be condemned for committing crime. The practice of criminal justice to the determination of criminal liability for corporations is not fully in accordance with the theory of corporate criminal liability. In fact, the court decision does not yet reflect a consistent correlation between the theory of criminal liability and criminal punishment on criminal acts of the corporation.Keywords: criminal liability, corporate, criminal justice.
Maximum Market Price of Longevity Risk Under Solvency Regimes: The Case Of Solvency II
Authors: Levantesi Susanna , Menzietti Massimiliano
Published: May 2017

Longevity risk constitutes an important risk factor for life insurance companies and it can be managed through longevity-linked securities. The market of longevity-linked securities is at present far from being complete and does not allow to find a unique pricing measure. We propose a method to estimate the maximum market price of longevity risk depending on the risk margin implicit within the calculation of the technical provisions as defined by Solvency II. The maximum price of longevity risk is determined for a survivor forward (S-forward), an agreement between two counterparties to exchange at maturity a fixed survival-dependent payment for a payment depending on the realized survival of a given cohort of individuals. The maximum prices determined for the S-forwards can be used to price other longevity-linked securities, such as q-forwards. The Cairns-Blake-Dowd model is used to represent the evolution of mortality over time, that combined with the information on the risk margin, enables us to calculate upper limits for the risk-adjusted survival probabilities, the market price of longevity risk and the S-forward prices. Numerical results can be extended for the pricing of other longevity-linked securities.
Traceability on Machine Tool Metrology: A Review
Authors: Mutilba Unai , Gomez-Acedo Eneko , Kortaberria Gorka , Olarra Aitor , Yagüe-Fabra José Antonio
Published: May 2017

Errors during manufacture of high value components are not acceptable nowadays in driving industries such as energy and transportation. Sectors such as aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, nuclear power, large science facilities or wind power manufacture complex and accurate components that demand close measurements and fast feedback into manufacturing processes. New measuring technologies are already available in machine tools, including integrated touch probes and fast interface capabilities. They shall provide the possibility to measure the workpiece during or after the manufacturing process, maintaining the original setup of the workpiece and avoiding the manufacturing process from being interrupted to transport the workpiece to a measuring position. However, the traceability of the measurement process on a machine tool is not ensured yet and measurement data is still not fully reliable for process control or product validation. Due to the similarity between a coordinate measuring machine and a machine tool, some of the methods applied for a correct assessment of uncertainty in coordinate measuring machines are adapted to the challenges of a machine tool. The scientific objective is to determine the uncertainty on a machine tool measurement and, in this way, convert it into a machine integrated traceable measuring process. This paper reviews the fundamentals of machine tool metrology.
PARALEGAL DAN AKSES PEREMPUAN TERHADAP KEADILAN :KAJIAN TENTANG PERANAN PARALEGAL DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN HUKUM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKSES PEREMPUAN TERHADAP KEADILAN
Authors: Permata Hartanto Rima Vien , Grahani Firdausy Adriana
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Indonesiahas alonghistoryin terms ofwomen’s access tojustice. The growth ofwomen’s organizationssince thelast two decadespushingthe strugglewomen’s access tojustice. Talks onwomen’s access tojusticeis thusbecoming veryrelevanttodaybecauseIndonesian womenstill facemany obstaclesin accessingjusticethrough the mechanism oflaw andjustice. Variousstudiesandreportshave revealedmany obstaclesthat women facein accessingjustice. To helpthe constraintsfaced by womenin accessingjustice, the role ofmediator(intermediaries) such asparalegals, local elite, localactivistsevenasNon GovernmentalOrganizations(NGOs) that providehelp, support, andservicesfor womento be important. Paralegalis a”tool” that isessential toimprovingwomen’s access tojustice. In generalparalegalis a person whoprovides assistanceto fight for justicein society. Workis doneby usingthe existing regulatoryorother legalbreakthrough. This paperdescribes howthe role ofparalegalsin thelegal empowermentto improvewomen’s access tojustice.

Keywords: Paralegal, Women’s Accessto Justice, Legal Empowerment

Abstrak

Indonesia memiliki sejarah cukup panjang dalam hal akses perempuan terhadap keadilan.Tumbuhnya berbagai organisasi perempuan sejak dua dekade terakhir mendorong perjuangan akses perempuan terhadap keadilan. Pembicaraan tentang akses perempuan terhadap keadilan dengan demikian menjadi sangat relevan sebab hingga saat ini perempuan Indonesia masih menghadapi banyak kendala dalam mengakses keadilan melalui mekanisme hukum dan keadilan. Berbagai studi dan laporan telah mengungkapkan berbagai kendala yang dihadapi perempuan dalam mengakses keadilan. Untuk membantu kendala yang dihadapi perempuan dalam mengakses keadilan, maka peranan penengah (intermediaries) seperti paralegal, elit lokal, aktivis lokal bahkan organisasi seperti Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakar (LSM) yang menyediakan bantuan , dukungan dan layanan terhadap perempuan menjadi penting. Paralegal merupakan “alat” yang penting untuk meningkatkan akses perempuan terhadap keadilan. Secara umum paralegal adalah orang yang melakukan pendampingan untuk memperjuangkan keadilan dalam masyarakat. Kerja ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan peraturan yang ada atau terobosan hukum lainnya.Tulisan ini menguraikan bagaimana peran paralegal dalam pemberdayaan hukum untuk meningkatkan akses perempuan terhadap keadilan.

Kata Kunci: Paralegal, Akses Perempuan terhadap Keadilan, Pemberdayaan Hukum
Hacia una perspectiva sociocultural y económica en la política contra la alimentación no saludable
Authors: Laguna-Camacho Antonio
Published: May 2017

Señor editor: México y muchos paí­ses en desarrollo experimentan un cambio que va del consumo de co­midas tradicionales al de alimentos industrializados altos en azúcar, grasa y sal. A esto se atribuye, en parte, el dramático incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad y enferme­dades crónicas. Para atender estos problemas de salud pública, la es­trategia se ha enfocado en promover la alimentación “saludable” a través de recomendaciones a la población sobre qué alimentos consumir o qué dieta seguir. Tales recomendaciones aíslan los alimentos de su contexto sociocultural. Aunque la gente piensa en fruta, vegetales y agua cuando se refiere a comida saludable, no hay una relación clara de las recomenda­ciones y las costumbres alimentarias de la población…
Educación en salud pública y creencias epistemológicas
Authors: Parra-Díaz Joel , Vera-Bachmann Daniela
Published: May 2017

Señor editor: La formación de pro­fesionales precisa de académicos preparados, no sólo en los contenidos de la disciplina que enseñan, sino, además, en el ámbito pedagógico y didáctico, que les permitan vehicular el saber científico hacia sus estu­diantes. Esta transformación, llama­da transposición didáctica, se ha identificado como una problemática importante en la enseñanza de con­tenidos disciplinarios de las ciencias de la salud, debido a que implica que el docente recurra –para su práctica pedagógica– a elementos tanto cons­cientes como inconscientes. Ejemplo de estos últimos son las creencias…
Synthesis of Oxadiazolyl, Pyrazolyl and Thiazolyl Derivatives of Thiophene-2-Carboxamide as Antimicrobial and Anti-HCV Agents
Authors: Rizk Ola H. , Shaaban Omaima G. , Abdel Wahab Abeer E.
Published: May 2017

Introduction:

Three series of pyrazole, thiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, derivatives were synthesized starting from 5-amino-4-(hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (2).

Methods:

All compounds were investigated for their preliminary antimicrobial activity. They were proved to exhibit remarkable antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with insignificant activity towards Gram positive bacterial strains and fungi.

Results:

In-vitro testing of the new compounds on hepatitis-C virus (HCV) replication in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 infected with the virus utilizing the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) generally showed inhibition of the replication of HCV RNA (–) strands at low concentration, while, eight compounds; 3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 9a, 9b, 10a and 11b proved to inhibit the replication of HCV RNA (+) and (–) strands at very low concentration range 0.08-0.36 μg/mL.

Conclusion:

Compounds 7b and 11b displayed the highest anti-HCV and antimicrobial activities in this study.
Micropropagation of B. monnieri using humin media in plant tissue culture
Authors: Kashyap* Suman , Kapoor Neera , Kale Radha D.
Published: May 2017

Humus is a complex material formed during the breakdown of organic matter. Earthworm castings contain a high percentage of humus. These humic substances are capable of improving plant nutrition and growth, reminiscent of hormones. Residue obtained after acid-base treatment of vermicompost was used as plant tissue culture media for the micropropagation of Bacopa monnieri. Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test has clearly indicated that development of leaves from nodes was significantly higher in humin alone without any supplements. The F value was 5.5 and Pr > F was 0.0087. The weight of the plantlets (in milligrams) was significantly higher in the humin medium and humin supplemented with vitamins and micronutrients but was least in the humin medium with growth regulators. The difference observed was at the level of < 0. 0001. The explant development on humin alone has shown the significant percentage survival of in vitro micropropagated plantlets when compared with other treatments. Explants responded maximum to humin only but not so on adding the supplements and the level of significance was at Pr > F was < 0.0001. The maximum growth stimulatory effect was found in aqueous extract of vermicompost which can be made out from the Student’s t-test performed to compare the means of weight of plantlets grown on humin and vermicompost extract media with and without chemical supplements respectively. The probability of this result, assuming the null hypothesis is 0.0014.
Site index curves for natural Aleppo pine forests in the central Ebro valley (Spain)
Authors: Rojo-Alboreca Alberto , Cabanillas-Saldaña Ana María , Barrio-Anta Marcos , Notivol-Paíno Eduardo , Gorgoso-Varela José Javier
Published: May 2017

Site index curves were created for natural Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) stands in the Ebro Valley (northeastern Spain). Data were obtained from 54 felled dominant trees. The Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) was used to fit 11 equations with a longitudinal data structure that included all possible growth intervals. Three statistical criteria were used for model comparison: root mean square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). Graphical evaluation of the data (plots of observed against predicted values and of residuals against predicted values) was also conducted. In addition, the root mean square error (RMSE) was plotted against age. Finally, fitted site index curves for different site qualities were superimposed on the profile plots of the stems analysed. The best reference age (60 years) was calculated from the relative error in the dominant height prediction. The Hossfeld IV model proved the most suitable for representing site index in the study area. Furthermore, only three site index curves (6, 10 and 14 m at 60 years) were suitable for classifying the entire study area because of the low productivity of the stands. These were compared with other site index curves developed for Spain and other countries, for the natural range of distribution of the species. Specific site index curves must be created for the study area, because the existing qualities and growth patterns are not well-represented in other models.
Los bibliotecarios más allá de la mediación
Authors: Wormell Irene
Published: May 2017

Desde que los profesionales de la información son mediadores entre los proveedores, usuarios y las tecnologías de la información, deben superar las brechas intelectuales, sociales, culturales y de comunicación en la mediación de la información y los procesos relacionados.Sus múltiples roles adquieren una cualidad híbrida que exige flexibilidad, adaptabilidad y habilidades especiales. Las formas aceptadas, desde hace mucho tiempo, sobre la adquisición de nuevos contenidos, son difíciles de erradicar, como es la percepción anticuada de los bibliotecarios como “curadores”. Con la prioridad de la “función” vs la “tarea”, los bibliotecarios y profesionales de la información tienen que verse a sí mismos no sólo como orientados al servicio, sino también como orientados al valor.Para la correcta comprensión del desarrollo explosivo del panorama de la información y sus efectos sobre los roles y funciones de los profesionales de la información modernos, se utilizó el modelo desarrollado por Iraset Páez Urdaneta de la Universidad Simón Bolívar, de Caracas, Venezuela, en la década de 1990.Los bibliotecarios y profesionales de la información progresistas – ávidos en aprender y adoptar las nuevas tecnologías disponibles, abandonando mentalmente la jerarquía, estructura y tradición de la biblioteca - enfrentan desafíos al ocupar los puestos de trabajo en el mercado de la información de hoy en día.Este artículo presenta algunos de esos nichos profesionales donde los bibliotecarios pueden entrar en el ámbito de los servicios de información avanzados, tales como la gestión de contenidos, el empaquetamiento, análisis y filtrado de información.Se hace hincapié en que la tecnología y la gestión de la información y el conocimiento no son nociones que se excluyan mutuamente; se entrelazan con servicios de información, modernos y profesionales, y son considerados como activos clave dentro de la vida profesional de hoy en día. Las tecnologías de la información son solamente facilitadoras de estos procesos.
O processo de institucionalização da economia criativa no Brasil
Authors: Reis Paula Cristiane Gianini , Serafim Mauricio C. , Pinheiro Daniel Moraes , Alperstedt Graziela Dias
Published: May 2017

Este artigo objetiva compreender o processo de institucionalização do conceito de economia criativa no âmbito do governo federal, da sociedade civil e das universidades no Brasil. A pesquisa baseia-se na teoria da institucionalização proposta por Tolbert e Zucker (2007) e apoiou-se na definição de um conjunto de indicadores. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas bases de dados dos sites do Governo Federal, CAPES, CNPQ, Observatórios de Economia Criativa (OBECs), Ministério da Cultura e de organizações da sociedade civil. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que o processo de institucionalização da economia criativa avançou consideravelmente após o Plano da Secretaria da Economia Criativa no âmbito do Governo Federal e da sociedade civil. Por outro lado, os resultados dos indicadores das Universidades mostraram uma queda na sua taxa de crescimento.
Stock market reaction to xenophobic violence in an emerging economy
Authors: Ngwakwe Collins C , Ilorah Richard
Published: May 2017

This paper presents an initial evaluation of possible effect of xenophobic violence on the Johannesburg Stock Market. Violence is inimical to economic development as it constraints normal business operations and causes a rebound on the stock market. The paper applied the event trend analysis combined with a statistical t-test of paired sample means in the pre and post-xenophobic period stock performance. Data was drawn from the JSE All Share Index - Capped Indices Performance (J303 - Capi DY) for 2008 and 2015, during & after the xenophobic violence of 2008 and 2015. The economic consequences of social instability were substantiated with related literature. The theoretical foundation was inclined on the integrated threat theory and the social contract theory. Findings from the analysis of paired sample t-test showed a significant difference in means of stock performance with P<0.05 within and after the xenophobic period. Furthermore, a t-test of similarity in stock performance chart for periods of xenophobic violence 2008 and 2015 showed no significant difference in stock performance trend – indicating similarity in stock chart between 2008 and 2015 periods of xenophobic violence. The paper recommends the need for further research of a broader scope that will consider many years of xenophobic events or similar violence across countries using multiple stock performance and economic performance indicators
Invited Paper – Um passo atrás: minha caminhada em Psicologia da Religião
Authors: Paiva Geraldo José de
Published: May 2017

Inspirado por Taking a Step Back, organizado por Belzen e Wikström, e por Psychology of Religion: Autobiographical Accounts, de Belzen, revejo meu percurso em Psicologia da Religião: início do interesse, a influência de Heider, a disciplina na pós-graduação e na graduação, o estágio de pós-doutoramento em Louvain-la-Neuve, o contato com eminentes pesquisadores europeus, a orientação de mestrados e doutorados na área, a criação do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) “Psicologia & Religião”, da ANPEPP e do Laboratório de Psicologia Social da Religião, do Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade de São Paulo (IPUSP), as pesquisas apoiadas pelo CNPq, a participação em congressos nacionais e internacionais, a aquisição de livros e periódicos de Psicologia da Religião para a Biblioteca do IPUSP. Apresento, em seguida, tópicos que gostaria de ter encaminhado de outra forma, senão no passado, para o futuro, se não meu, de quem se interessar pelo tema.
Contribuições da Psicologia Evolucionista e das Neurociências para a compreensão das crenças e experiências religiosas
Authors: Maraldi Everton De Oliveira , Martins Leonardo Breno
Published: May 2017

A pesquisa científica contemporânea sobre as crenças e experiências religiosas tem, cada vez mais, enfatizado a importância de reconhecê-las como fenômenos naturais submetidos aos mesmos mecanismos evolutivos, cognitivos e neuronais que caracterizam outras formas do comportamento humano. De uma perspectiva evolucionista, tais crenças e experiências só se tornaram possíveis graças ao desenvolvimento e à ação concatenada de várias estruturas no cérebro, em função das exigências próprias do processo de adaptação biológica. A Ciência Cognitiva da Religião tem também indicado como a experiência religiosa pode ser explicada a partir de processos perceptivos, linguísticos e cognitivos básicos. Tais abordagens parecem cada vez mais convergir para uma compreensão das origens naturais da religião, ainda que por vezes divirjam nos detalhes e recortes utilizados. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão dessas contribuições, discutindo sua fundamentação empírica e suas limitações teóricas e metodológicas. Os autores abordam as funções cognitivas que estariam na gênese da crença em agentes e fenômenos sobrenaturais e na vivência do ritual religioso. São também apresentados estudos sobre as bases neurofisiológicas da crença e da experiência religiosa, incluindo investigações recentes sobre sua modificação por meio de neuromodulação. Os autores concluem discutindo implicações dessas pesquisas para o campo mais amplo da ciência da religião.
Validez y confiabilidad del KIDSSCREEN-52 en una muestra de adolescentes de Lima y Callao
Authors: Hernández Gutiérrez Jhair , Macedo Flores Patricia , Ramírez Conde Sandra , Livia Segovia José
Published: May 2017

La calidad de vida es la habilidad para participar plenamente en funciones y actividades relacionadas con aspectos físicos, sociales y psicosociales apropiadas para cada edad. Ante la ausencia de instrumentos para evaluar la calidad de vida en los adolescentes en la población peruana, este estudio examina algunas propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario Kidscreen - 52, el cual fue aplicado a una muestra de 300 adolescentes de Lima y Callao. Se realizó un análisis de la confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach (α = 0.92) y Spearman Brown (α = 0.80). Se evaluó la capacidad discriminativa de los ítems observándose que cuatro reactivos no contribuyen a sus respectivos subtest. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio obteniendo siete dimensiones las cuales no concuerdan con el modelo teórico propuesto. Finalmente, para realizar la validez de criterio se correlacionó el Kidscreen con el Cuestionario de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff, obteniéndose una correlación de Pearson de 0.539 (p<.01). Se concluye que el instrumento en base a los resultados es confiable para la mayoría de las dimensiones y valido para la población adolescente de la Región Callao y del distrito de Lima.Palabras claves: calidad de vida, adolescencia, confiabilidad y validez.
Vigilancia de Escherichia coli O157: H7 en alimentos y aguas
Authors: Guerrero Barrantes César , Guillén Oneeglio Alfredo , Rojas León Roberto
Published: May 2017

Los alimentos como la carne molida de vacuno, queso, jamón y lechuga son de alta demanda de consumo por la población y son susceptibles de contaminación. Así mismo, las aguas de los ríos son usadas por pobladores de las riberas. En nuestro medio, no contamos con reportes sobre estudios de vigilancia de E. coli O157:H7 en muestras de aguas del río Rímac este, ni en alimentos en los mercados de Lima. Para la evaluación de alimentos se procedió como lo describe Feng & Weagant (2002) y para aguas se utilizó 150 mL de la muestra con 150 mL de TSBm doble concentrado e incubado a 37ºC por 18 h y transferido a agar Mac Conkey e incubado a 37ºC por 24 h. Se seleccionaron 5 colonias lactosa positiva por muestra e identificadas como E. coli, así como su incapacidad para utilizar el sorbitol y la determinación del antígeno somático O157 y el flagelar H7, confirmándose E. coli O157:H7. De las 309 muestras de alimentos, 82 lechugas, 76 quesos, 76 jamón y 75 de carne molida, procesadas, 187 resultaron positivas para E. coli (60,5%), correspondiendo a 47 provenientes de lechugas, a 60 de queso fresco, a 48 de jamón y a 32 de carne molida; mientras que de las 75 muestras de aguas de río procesadas, 36 resultaron positivas para E. coli (48%). De 223 cultivos de E.coli evaluados, cinco (5) cultivos fueron positivos para E. coli O157:H7, correspondiendo a 2 de lechugas (2,4%) y 3 de carne molida (4%). No se detectó E. coli O157:H7 en muestras de aguas, jamón y queso. La lechuga puede representar un alimento de alto riesgo en la transmisión de E. coli O157:H7 al hombre, seguido de la carne, por contaminación cruzada o por mal cocimiento.Palabras claves: E. coli O157:H7, alimentos, aguas
Zonificación agroclimática de la quinua y kiwicha en la cuenca del río Cañete, utilizando los sistemas de información geográfica
Authors: Gómez Lora Walter , Zamora Talaverano Noé , Cabrel La Rosa César , Rosales Vidal José
Published: May 2017

La zonificación agroclimática de la quinua y kiwicha requiere conocer las variables que participan en la fisiología del cultivo. Estas son: la topografía, la pendiente del terreno, la temperatura, la precipitación y las características del suelo clase IV. Se aplicó el método de zonificación integrando las unidades del territorio y se diseñó el mapa de la cuenca, donde el nivel óptimo de los cultivos de quinua y kiwicha está en el rango de altitud de 2200 a 3500 msnm y pendiente del 0-15% identificándose un área potencial de 1000 km2. En relación a la temperatura y precipitación se elaboró el mapa de isotermas e isoyetas respectivas para estos cultivos andinos donde las temperaturas óptimas para la quinua son de 0°-12°C y para la kiwicha de 6°-10°C y un rango de precipitación de 400 a 700 mm por los valores óptimos para el riego por lluvia. Luego de haber realizado un análisis vectorial de la cartografía y debidamente automatizada se integró cada unidad de los mapas temáticos con el objetivo de zonificar áreas potenciales agroclimáticas para cultivos de quinua y kiwicha, donde la quinua tiene 290 Ha y 117 Ha dentro de las áreas marginales del río principal, lo que hace un total de 407 Ha y la kiwicha tiene un total de 681 Ha con potencialidad para riego por secano.Palabras clave: zonificación agroclimática, quinua, kiwicha
Programa “Aprendiendo a jugar con los sonidos” para el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica de estudiantes de una institución privada
Authors: Suárez Silva Betsy
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de un programa de conciencia fonológica en preescolares. El estudio fue de tipo cuasiexperimental con diseño pretest – postest y grupo control. Se seleccionó a los participantes de manera aleatoria, constituyendo el grupo experimental 19 estudiantes y el grupo control 21 estudiantes del nivel inicial 5 años, de ambos sexos. Se midió la conciencia fonológica con la Prueba de Evaluación de Conocimiento Fonológico – PECO. Se diseñó el programa “Aprendiendo a Jugar con los Sonidos” y se aplicó durante tres semanas. Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en el grupo experimental (p < .05). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar las medias del grupo control y grupo experimental.Palabras claves: Conciencia fonológica, programa, preescolares
Simulación de las interacciones químicas y fotoquímicas de contaminantes troposféricos
Authors: Carrasco Venegas Luis , Castañeda Pérez Luz , Concepción Gamarra Lía
Published: May 2017

La investigación tiene como objetivo modelar y simular la dispersión de los contaminantes gaseosos de la tropósfera mediante el mecanismo de advección producido en un volumen de control. Este modelo de dispersión considera como flujo de entrada al volumen del aire que contiene ciertos contaminantes primarios como óxido de nitrógeno, hidrocarburos, dióxido de carbono, monóxido de carbono, entre otros. En este volumen de control, ocurren diversas reacciones químicas y fotoquímicas, cuyos complejos mecanismos han tomado aproximadamente 80 años de estudio. Parte de los contaminantes primarios se convierten en secundarios, los cuales son nocivos, por ejemplo: el ozono, aldehídos, radicales libres, etc. El método se sustenta en los mecanismos de reacción y las constantes cinéticas obtenidas por Fallen, Seinfeld y trabajos realizados de Crutzen, Rowland y Molina. La mezcla de aire (compuesta por contaminantes primarios y secundarios) sale del volumen de control y se dispersa, fenómeno que se repite todos los días del año. En base a ello se realiza el modelamiento, obteniéndose un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias no lineales, las cuales se resuelven con el software Polymath. Los resultados dependen de factores como la tasa de emisión de contaminantes primarios, flujo de aire, temperatura y volumen de la celda considerada (que incidirá en el tiempo de residencia del contaminante), concentraciones iniciales de los contaminantes primarios, entre otros. Las curvas de concentración vs tiempo nos mostraron cómo evolucionan los contaminantes a una hora del día. Ello nos permite conocer y tomar las previsiones del caso, si alguno de ellos estuviera por encima de los límites máximos permisibles.Palabras clave: contaminantes troposféricos, simulación, predicción
Turismo, riesgos y oportunidades sobre el uso y consumo de las aguas termales. Caso: Valle de Churín 2013
Authors: Jurado Falconi De Trujillo Eulalia , Azáldegui Moscol Antonieta , Benavides Cavero Oscar
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los riesgos ambientales, sociales y las oportunidades económicas que las actividades turísticas originaron sobre el uso y consumo de las aguas termales en Churín al 2013. Para ello se aplicó una guía de entrevista a dirigentes, líderes influyentes en la toma de decisiones del área de turismo del gobierno local y también se aplicó una encuesta a los dueños de los negocios. Se tomaron y sometieron al análisis de laboratorio muestras de las aguas termales de cinco pozas de los baños de Churín. En el monitoreo de la calidad del agua se encontró que los niveles registrados de Conductividad, Salinidad y Sólidos Totales Disueltos (TDS) presentan una mediana salinidad con valores que no significan riesgo para los organismos y cuyos niveles caracterizan a las aguas subterráneas. En cuanto a las concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto, se puede observar que todas las estaciones registran niveles aceptables, lo que nos indica la baja presencia de materia orgánica. Entre los mayores riesgos por la presencia del turismo, se identificó la sobreexplotación de las aguas, el incremento del riesgo de contaminación en los ambientes externos a las pozas, el cambio en las costumbres en los pobladores del lugar y el aumento de elementos que ponen en riesgo la seguridad ciudadana. Aunque el turismo es el motor de la economía en la mayor parte del distrito, existe una mediana articulación entre este y el desarrollo de los otros sectores económicos.Palabras clave: aguas termales, riesgos sociales, riesgos ambientales
Propuesta para la creación del área de conservación regional: reserva ecológica paisajística Cordillera Mishahuanga, Cajamarca, Perú
Authors: Jiménez Cueva Ronald , Iannacone José
Published: May 2017

Las Áreas de Conservación Regional (ACR) se conforman sobre zonas que tienen importancia ecológica significativa a nivel de una región de un País. Se presenta una propuesta de un ACR “Reserva Ecológica Paisajística Cordillera Mishahuanga” en el departamento de Cajamarca, Perú. Se señalan las principales características hidrográficas y climáticas del ACR. Se detectaron cuatro Unidades de paisaje, cinco zonas de vida y tres formaciones vegetales (Oconales o bofedales, Bosque de “queñua” y Bosque de Aliso). Se reportan un total de 127 especies de flora. Se registran ocho especies de flora de importancia en conservación según D.S. 043-2006 AG-2006. Entre las especies de flora consideradas en peligro crítico (CR) tenemos a cinco: Polylepis racemosa, Kageneckia lanceolata, Gynoxys dilloniana, Solanum jalcae y Podocarpus oleifolius. También se registró un total de 88 especies de fauna silvestre. Se encontraron 11 especies de fauna silvestre de importancia en conservación según D.S.004-2014-MINAGRI entre anfibios (n=3), reptiles (n=1), aves (n=2) y mamíferos (n=5). Entre las especies de fauna consideradas en peligro crítico (CR) tenemos a cuatro: Cochranella euhystrix (Centrolenidae), Crax globulosa (Cracidae), Penelope albipennis (Cracidae) y Tapirus pinchaque (Tapiridae). Se ofrecen algunas notas sobre las características culturales de la etnia de los Cañaris-Cajamarca. Se califica a esta zona como prioritaria para su conservación.Palabras clave: área de conservación regional, endémica, fauna, flora, reserva ecológica.
Japanese, Chinese and Indians in cosmopolitan Lima early seventeenth century
Authors: Vega Loyola José
Published: May 2017

The presence of Asian population in the city of Lima in the early seventeenth century is identified, based on the Census of Indians in Lima in 1613, the Books of Council, marriage and baptismal records from the archives of the Archbishop of Lima and the notary protocols from the General Archive of the Nation. A database containing names, marital status, age, place of origin, time and place of residence in Lima and economic activity wascreated. We noticed that Lima, during the early seventeenth century, was a cosmopolitan city with people from the “four corners of the world”: Europe, Africa, America and Asia. People of American and Asian origin were called Indians, registering 114 Indians from “China and Xapon and Yndia and Portugal” as a generic name comprising, besides India in Malabar a set of Portuguese colonies in Southeast Asia. Most Asian people identified came from Japan, India, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Java, Burma and Cambodia. They took part in the economic activities of the city, working as servants, official tailors, soleteros and neck openers; although a significant number, despite having the status of slaves or servants, were employed as retailers, the final link in the chain of distribution of smuggled goods. These results question the traditional belief that the first people of Asian descent arrived in Peru in the nineteenth century; and on the other hand, force us to review the history of slavery, migration and trade relations with South East Asia.
Tratamiento quirúrgico y percutáneo en paciente joven con disección de aorta
Authors: Geldres Echeverría Arnaldo , Rodríguez Cotrado José , Gonzales Navarro Sandra
Published: May 2017

La disección aórtica implica una rotura en la íntima del vaso,habitualmente precedida de degeneración o necrosis quística de la capa media. La evaluación ecocardiográfica de la aorta es parte habitual de la valoración estándar en esta patología. La ecocardiografía transesofágica aporta información morfológica y hemocinética de interés en la evaluación de la disección. Se realiza el reporte y descripción de un caso de disección de aorta asociado a regurgitación aortica severa en un paciente joven, a quien se le realizó en primera instancia una cirugía de Bentall más By pass aorto braquiocefálico y posteriormente el implante de endoprótesis en aorta descendente. Luego de la evaluación integral del paciente se tuvo como diagnóstico Aneurisma disecante de aorta Standford A- Bakendy I, debido a la complejidad del caso se planteó como parte del tratamiento Cirugía de emergencia: Cirugía de Bentall de Bono más bypass aorto - tronco braquiocefálico. Posteriormente se realizó el tratamiento percutáneo ( implante de endoprótesis en aorta descendente) con resultados exitoso. La Ecocardiografia puede aportar información de la aorta torácica en prácticamente toda su extensión. En nuestro paciente el tratamiento quirúrgico y percutáneo se complementaron en forma adecuada. El implante de endoprótesis en aorta descendente es un procedimiento seguro.Palabras clave: disección de aorta, ecocardiografía,tratamiento quirúrgico, tratamiento percutáneo.
Edvard Munch y la Momia de un sarcófago de la Cultura Chachapoyas
Authors: Ziemendorff Stefan
Published: May 2017

En 1978 el historiador de arte Robert Rosenblum deduce que la figura central del famoso cuadro El grito de Edvard Munch fue inspirada por una momia peruana, la misma que inspiró a Paul Gauguin en una serie de sus cuadros.El presente artículo presentará nuevas evidencias que confirman dicha hipótesis, rechazando otras alternativas. Así mismo revisará otros cuadros de Munch con respeto a una posible relación con la misma momia.Palabras clave: Perú, Chachapoyas, momia, sarcófago, Historia de Arte, Edvard Munch
Geothermal reservoirs: From vapour dominated to conductive systems
Authors: M. R. Duque
Published: May 2017

Geothermal reservoirs are part of the system needed to produce electricity using geothermal fluids. The temperatures in the reservoirs are important for choosing the type of plant. It is also important to know the principal type and amount of fluid that the reservoir can provide. Temperature and pressure in the reservoir will determine whether the fluid is liquid or vapour and whether the system is predominantly conductive or convective. In this work we describe the different types of systems, from the vapour systems where the observed temperatures are highest, up to systems used with geothermal heat pumps that exploit differences in temperature between the soil and the atmosphere. In the last part of the work we present a low-enthalpy geothermal reservoir, located near an old building of the Évora University at Alentejo, in the South of Portugal, that is used to climatize the rooms located in the cloisters of the building. We present the device and some problems related to the exploitation of this reservoir.
Control and management of a fuel cell microgrid. Energy efficiency optimization
Authors: J.I. San Martin  , I. Zamora  , F.J. Asensio  , J. García-Villalobos  , J.J. San Martín  , V. Aperribay
Published: May 2017

Increasing the efficiency of energy conversion systems is a relevant aspect to decrease the oil dependence and to minimize environmental impact. Considering the inherent characteristics of the PEM fuel cells, this paper proposes a control algorithm for a microgrid consisting of two fuel cells, in order to improve its energy efficiency. To do this, hardware responsible for managing the microgrid has been designed and implemented and the proposed control algorithm has been applied. Various tests have been performed on the microgrid, analysing its behaviour in each case.
Simulation of Magnetizing Inrush Current of Three-Phase Three-Legged Transformers by Direct Measurement of Coils Inductance
Authors: C. Sánchez-Martos  , M. Gómez-González  , F. Jurado
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a method for simulating magnetizing inrush current for three-phase three-legged transformers. A method is showed for easy and fast needed transformer parameters obtaining. It is shown that magnetizing inrush current is strongly dependent on transformer core saturation, and a straightforward method is presented for taking into account core saturation. Finally, a real transformer simulation results are presented and compared with those obtained by direct measure of magnetizing inrush current, discussing method suitability.
Energy conversion using Pd-based catalysts in direct ethanol fuel cell
Authors: A. M. Sheikh  , P. S.  Correa  , E. Leal da Silva  , I. D. Savaris  , S. C. Amico  , C. F. Malfatti
Published: May 2017

Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells DEFCs are considered one of the promising renewable energy sources, as they can produce electrical energy directly from the ethanol electrooxidation reaction. The efficiency of ethanol electrooxidation is a big question from research point of view. In this work, Pd is used as catalyst for the electrooxidation in alkaline media aiming to improve the catalytic activity for ethanol electrooxidation reaction, and consequently the DEFC performance, more than using a Pt-based catalyst. In this research, Pd was used as an alternative for Pt-based catalyst. Additionally, it can be recorded that the alloying of Pd with Sn will enhance the efficiency through increasing the surface area of the PdSn catalysts.
Electromagnetic analysis of an axial flow machine with permanent magnets for use in wind turbines
Authors: F. J. A. Linard  , D. S. Oliveira Jr.  , R. S. T. Pontes  , V.P.B. Aguiar  , T.R. Fernandes Neto
Published: May 2017

Nowadays, there is a global trend for searching new sources of energy with lower possible aggression to the environment and to humans in generation of electric power. According to the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL), the generation through wind power now is around 1200MW of installed power, and the government has already signed 140 new projects to be installed until the end of 2013, with which the country would produce about 5000MW. This favorable scenario for the development of wind power, leads to several jobs in the area of forecasting and designs of electrical machines for wind turbines. This paper deals with the study of a 50 kW Torus generator with rare-earth permanent magnets applied in wind turbines. Such topology is compact, simple and has a high efficiency.
Renewable Energy Policy and Legitimacy: a Developing Country Case
Authors: Juan L. Espinoza  , Edgar A. Barragán
Published: May 2017

This paper analyzes some policies to promote renewable energy technologies in order to level the playing field in the energy sector. It is argued that although there are several energy policy options to be considered, their successful implementation depends on specific market and institutional contexts in any given country. Ecuador´s electricity sector is presented as a case study. By extending the concept of industry legitimacy this study makes contributions to institutional and strategic change theories. The Ecuadorian case has important implications for policy makers and energy managers because it shows how a renewable energy industry can be developed in a regulated electricity market.
A Study on Brushless DC Motor for Air Fan Module of Fuel Cell Power Pack
Authors: J. M. Seo  , J. H. Kim  , I. S. Jung  , H. K. Jung
Published: May 2017

This paper presents design of brushless DC (BLDC) motor which is applied in air fan module for fuel cell power pack. Developed motor is outer rotor type BLDC motor, high efficiency and low cost are main targets to achieve in design process. Manufactured motor is combined with blade fan, and air flow and pressure with respect to the various load conditions are measured. From the simulated and measured results, we verify the application possibility as air fan module for power pack.
Detection of Induction Motors Rotor/Stator Faults Using Electrical Signatures Analysis
Authors: Somaya A. M. Shehata  , Hamdy S. El-Goharey  , Mostafa I. Marei  , Ahmed K. Ibrahim
Published: May 2017

In this work induction motor faults detection using electrical signature analysis techniques are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are explained. Stator phase current signature, stator current locus diagram, stator current vector signature, partial power signature, and total power signature are selected for the simulation study applied for 4Kw squirrel cage induction motor. Simulation results are shown to explain how these signatures can be used to detect rotor/stator faults. And finally the performance of each technique based on the sensitivity to fault severity, the effect of motor loading, and cost required for the practical implementation is discussed.
Verification tests of a novel ferroresonance detection technique
Authors: V. Valverde  , G. Buigues  , A.J. Mazón  , I. Zamora  , A. Etxegarai
Published: May 2017

Ferroresonance is a complex electromagnetic phenomenon that affects voltage transformers. The appearance of the ferroresonant phenomenon provokes important oscillations that are responsible for serious thermal and dielectric overstresses, which may lead to catastrophic failures in the electrical power system. This paper analyzes the behaviour of a novel ferroresonance detection technique, based on artificial neural networks, through the results obtained in several verification tests conducted in a real voltage transformer.
Energy Planning Methodologies
Authors: T. Portela  , J. Lafay
Published: May 2017

This paper considers the need for organizations to obtain an energy planning and exposes three methods to do so. Energy planning is part of a process of energy efficiency important for organizations to become more competitive. Even the recent standardization of energy management leads brazilian institutions to develop processes and methods for energy efficiency. There is still a gap being presented in the literature and the needs of these institutions. Although energy planning is only part of the energy management system, this text provides a compilation of information for the initial development of a methodology for the organization energy planning.
Control Strategy of PWM Rectifiers Connected to Unbalanced Grids
Authors: Martin Bejvl  , Jan Švec  , Josef Tlustý  , Viktor Valouch
Published: May 2017

Current-controlled voltage source converters are widely used in grid-connected applications, for example at ac drives with indirect frequency converters. The negative sequence component of the grid voltage causes ripples of the dc voltage in the intermediate circuit. Some sophisticated topologies of current controllers that can cope with grids containing both the positive and negative sequence components are summarized and compared for this purpose. A new dual current control algorithm was developed and tested in the Matlab/Simulink environment.
GestInc – The Incidents Data Base
Authors: L. Campos Pinto  , J. Lobo  , A. Tavares
Published: May 2017

Nowadays, Quality of Service requirements, imposed to the electrical utilities, force them to develop efficient processes to register and organize incident data, which allow cross-referenced and fast access to the information and a greater reliability in data collection and in statistic indicators calculation. REN – Rede Eléctrica Nacional, S.A., the Portuguese Transmission System Operator (TSO), developed an application to manage all incidents occurred in REN´s grid. This application is called GestInc.
Clustering daily solar radiation from Reunion Island using data analysis methods
Authors: P. Jeanty  , M. Delsaut  , L. Trovalet  , H. Ralambondrainy  , J.D. Lan-Sun-Luk  , M. Bessafi  , P. Charton  , J.P Chabriat
Published: May 2017

A partitioning of daily solar radiation using Hierarchical clustering on Principal Components method is proposed based on daily distribution of direct fraction in solar irradiance. This tool, similar to clearness index, is only based on diffuse and global solar radiation measurement, taking in account the local topology. The clustering method is applied on data collected in Reunion island (21◦S, 55◦E), a southern subtropical site. We obtain five daily solar radiations classes as results. The interpretations of the average time series signals for each class shows that daily dynamics curves are correlated with local meteorological phenomena. The season distribution of classes is correlated to the intensity of trade winds f low. Thus, it helps us to define an approach to predict the solar radiation for different time horizons and the energy potential of the day.
On-line estimation of induction generator parameters using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for wind energy conversion systems
Authors: A. Mesemanolis  , C. Mademlis
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a new method for online estimation of the induction generator parameters by means of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The suggested technique can be applied to induction generators that are used in wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The WECS structure comprises a wind turbine, a three-phase induction generator and two back-to-back power converters. The WECS provides electric energy to the utility grid through an LCL filter. The self adjustment of the induction generator parameters provides accuracy in the implementation of the field oriented control and therefore accomplishes optimal operation on the WECS. The proposed method is simple and, since it does not require time consuming off-line laboratory experiments, it can be easily applied to any wind energy system that is already in operation. Several simulation results will be presented in order to validate the theoretical considerations and demonstrate the operational improvements of the proposed system.
A breaker-zone wave energy converter
Authors: M. Negri  , F. Clerici  , S.Malavasi
Published: May 2017

In this work we present a preliminary study on a laboratory model of a breaker zone wave energy converter (WEC). It is a heave-surge point absorber, composed by two distinct elements, a buoy and a paddle, which allows the conversion of the wave energy in near-shore region, just before waves break. The model was tested in an experimental wave flume, on a mild slope beach, with different waves breaking on the beach. We found efficiency ranging from 20 to 40 % with respect to the power of the oncoming wave.