bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif pada Materi Cahaya Siswa Kelas Delapan Smp Xaverius Kota Lubuklinggau
Authors: Arini Wahyu
Published: June 2018

This research entitled analysis of Creative Thinking Ability on Light Material Student of Class 8 SMP Xaverius Lubuklinggau. The purpose of this research is to describe students creative thinking ability in light matter, to know the students creative thinking ability in light matter when viewed from cognitive observation and affective observation, to know the difficulties experienced by students in achieving the indicators of creative thinking ability and determination solution to overcome student difficulties in achieving the indicators of creative thinking ability of class 8 SMP Xaverius Kota Lubuklinggau. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative, with case study research type. The subject of this research is all students of class 8 SMP Xaverius Kota Lubuklinggau. Data completion technique in this research is using technique triangulation that is cognitive observation technique, affective observation, and interview. Data analysis technique is descriptive qualitative analysis. The result showed that students thinking ability of class 8 junior Xaverius Kota Lubuklinggau still less creative 6,68 percent based on result of cognitive observation which was completed with interview result and creative enough category 57,74 percent result of affective observation. the recommendations that can be submitted in this research is the teacher will give equal opportunity to all students to be able to develop the ability of creative thinking in the learning process

Keywords: Analysis, Creative Thinking, Light.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa dengan Pendekatan Kerja Laboratorium untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Fisika
Authors: Sulistiyono Sulistiyono
Published: June 2018

This research aims to produce Student Worksheet that is in suitable with the characteristics of laboratory work approach. This research also aims to cultivate the physics process skill of the students during the teaching of laboratory work.This is a Research and Development developed by Borg and Gall. The stages in this research are collecting information, making plan, developing initial product, conducting tryout, doing revision of the product. The initial tryout or limited tryout is done to grade 9 SMAN margabaru. The instrument is Lesson Plan, Student Worksheet validation sheet, physics process skill observation sheet, students response questionnaire. Data analysis is descriptive qualitative.The result shows that LKS developed based on expert validation test on the aspect of writing approach, the depth of physics concept, scoring aspects, student activity and physical appearance is in the criteria of very good. For LKS identity completeness, clarity of sentence and language is  in the criteria of good. Meanwhile, the percentage of the physics process skill achievement as compiling the hypothesis, skill of identifying variables, skill of filling the tables, skill of making graphs, skill of investigation analysis and the skill of drawing conclusion, is 92 percent, 93 percent, 80 percent, 90 percent, 78 percent, dan 78 percent.

Keywords: Student Worksheet (LKS), laboratoey work, physics process skill
Remediasi Miskonsepsi Kinematika Gerak Lurus dengan Pendekatan STAD
Authors: Yolanda Yaspin
Published: June 2018

This study aims to 1 find out the percentage change of kinematic misconscope of motion straight after remediation, 2 Student Response in remediation implementation with cooperative learning approach Student Team Achievement Division class 10 MAN 1 Model Lubuklinggau. Subjects were 21 students based on purposive sampling technique based on previous research conducted by Novitasri. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Technique of data collecting done by triangulation that is diagnosis understanding student concept, interview and questionnaire of student response in learning. Remediation of misconceptions with cooperative learning approach Student Team Achievement Divisions showed that from 17 items tested before remediation mean misconception percentage 80,11 percent and after remediation to 37,53 percent 42.58 percent. Student response after remediation using STAD learning is very good.

Keyword: Miskonsepsi, Remediasi, STAD
Zinc Acetate-Mediated Regioselective N-Acylation of 1,3-Disubstituted Selenoureas
Authors: Li Xue , Gan Bin , Peng Zhixiang , Mi Zhisheng , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: June 2018

N-acetylureas were synthesised regioselectively from 1,3-disubstituted selenoureas and zinc acetate. Regioselectivity was dependent on the p Ka of the amine attached to the selenourea and occurred towards the amine with the lower p Ka. The approach provided a simple, mild and efficient way to construct various N-acetylureas regioselectively in moderate to good yields (53–88%). A plausible mechanism was proposed for the formation of N-acetylureas.
Evaluation of lipid profile among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen M , Muttalib MA , Huq ST , Nazneen N , Kabir MA , Hossain MS
Published: June 2018

The study, a cross-sectional survey, was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital from July 2015 to June 2016. A total of 576 clinically diagnosed children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) aged 10-18 years attending in ‘Changing Diabetes in Children’ clinic, BIRDEM-2, Dhaka were selected according to appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study subjects underwent detailed medical history and examination. Fasting blood samples were drawn from the participants for biochemical assays such as fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Anthropometric data and blood pressures both systolic and diastolic were measured. Student unpaired t-test and Chi-square test were used to determine the association between different groups. Out of 576 T1DM patients, 45.0% (259) were male and 55.0% (317) were female. Of the 576 T1DM patients, 35.1% were without dyslipidemia (DLP) and 64.9% were with DLP. Study revealed that the patients with DLP were more likely to have higher values of HbA1c (10.1±2.2% vs 9.4±1.9%, p < 0.001) and FBS (13.0±4.4 mmol/L vs 10.2±2.9 mmol/L, p < 0.001). A substantial proportion of children and adolescents with T1DM had DLP. We found an association between poor glycemic control and abnormal lipid profiles in those patients. Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 1: Jan 2018, Page 15-21
The nature of language problem in Bangladeshi children with cerebral palsy: an observation using neurolinguistic approach
Authors: Ferdous F , Alam MF , Chisty MMR , Ali JI , Rahman NMW
Published: June 2018

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. The objective of the study was to look into the language problems in Bangladeshi children with CP on the basis of neurolinguistic approach and was conducted during the period of April 2014 to December 2014 at the Department of Linguistics, University of Dhaka among children aged between 3 to 18 years. In the study, a total of 10 children with CP were enrolled purposively from two tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka (Children Development Centre of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital and National Institute of Mental Health). The mean±SD age was 8.9±4.8 years. Male was predominant (60.0%). History of prolonged labour was 100%, and home attended by untrained birth attendants in 70.0%. The 90.0% of the children understood simple meaningful sentences using two words. The children were unable to understand complex sentences. The 80.0% children did not want to play or make friendship with other children; 40.0% did not understand others’ speech, 50.0% did not express their own speech, and 10.0% did not understand & express their own speech. All the children had deep thong articulation changed to mono thong in case of semi vowel articulation. In case of history of delayed crying at birth, phoneme omission occurred when the children tried to articulate any word. To the best of knowledge, this was the first study done on the neurolinguistic approach in Bengali children, but the limitation of the study were that it was with small sample size, city based and short duration. Therefore, generalization of the results would be difficult. Further studies using larger sample would be better to visualize the extent of the issue in order to insert the children with CP in their social context and to give them quality of life.Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 1: Jan 2018, Page 22-27
Factors Affecting Collective Actions in Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems of Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Tirtha Raj , Davidson Brian , Farquharson Bob
Published: June 2018

The efficient management of agricultural water to meet its growing demand and to increase farm productivity has become a major concern in many agrarian countries. Various management principles, such as changes in governance, and crafting locally devised institutions have been prioritised in recent literature. The Nepalese government has considered farmers’ governance in managing irrigation systems as a successful irrigation policy. One of the measures for a successful farmer-managed irrigation systems (FMIS), each farmer must engage actively in collective choice actions and share both the costs and benefits from the system, proportionately. Various aspects in an institution affects farmers’ cooperative behavior to engage in the irrigation management process. A study of 232 FMIS in Nepal revealed that there is a need for a revised institutional design that can empower farmers by investing them with more defined property rights so that they can actively engage in maintenance activities.
Brazing Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr Alloys with Cu-Based Amorphous Alloy Filler
Authors: Wang Gang , Wu Peng , Wang Wei , Zhu Dongdong , Tan Caiwang , Su Yongsheng , Shi Xinying , Cao Wei
Published: June 2018

In this work, the Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr (at. %) alloy was successfully brazed using a Cu-based amorphous filler in 600 s under varied brazing temperatures. The element diffusion, microstructure, and precipitation phase of the joints are analyzed in detail, and the formation schemes are discussed. Reaction products in the joints are found as AlCuTi, Ti2Al, α-Ti, and (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni). The interfacial microstructures varied subjected to the brazing temperature, while the shear strength of the joint firstly increased, and then accordingly decreased. The maximum shear strength of 266 MPa was reached under a brazing temperature of 1213 K and a holding time of 600 s. A formation mechanism was proposed to explain the shear strength variation following the width and amount of brittle compounds in the interfacial reaction layer.
Immobilization of an Antarctic Pseudomonas AMS8 Lipase for Low Temperature Ethyl Hexanoate Synthesis
Authors: Musa Nurshakila , Latip Wahhida , Abd Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha , Salleh Abu Bakar , Mohamad Ali Mohd Shukuri
Published: June 2018

The demand for synthetic flavor ester is high, especially in the food, beverage, and cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. It is derived from the reaction between a short-chain fatty acid and alcohol. Lipases from Antarctic bacteria have gained huge interest in the industry due to its ability react at low temperatures. The use of immobilization enzymes is one of the methods that can improve the stability of the enzyme. The current work encompasses the low temperature enzymatic synthesis of ethyl hexanoate by direct esterification of ethanol with hexanoic acid in a toluene and solvent-free system. The effects of various reaction parameters such as the organic solvent, temperature, time, substrate, substrate ratio and concentration, enzyme concentration on ethyl hexanoate synthesis were tested. Several matrices were used for immobilization and comparisons of the efficiency of immobilized enzyme with free enzyme in the synthesis of flavor ester were conducted. Ester production was optimally synthesized at 20 °C in both systems— immobilized and free enzyme. A 69% ester conversion rate was achieved after a two-hour incubation in toluene, compared to 47% in a solvent-free system for free enzyme. Immobilized AMS8 lipase showed a higher conversion of ester in toluene with respect to free-solvents, from 80% to 59%, respectively. Immobilized enzymes showed enhancement to the stability of the enzyme in the presence of the organic solvent. The development of AMS8 lipase as an immobilized biocatalyst demonstrates great potential as a cost-effective enzyme for biocatalysis and biotransformation in the food industry.
Prickly Pear-Like Three-Dimensional Porous MoS2: Synthesis, Characterization and Advanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lu Huiting , Chen Xin , Dai Wenhao , Zhang Kai , Liu Conghui , Dong Haifeng
Published: June 2018

Herein, we hydrothermally synthesize a type of prickly pear-like three-dimensional (3D) porous MoS2 (ZT-MoS2), using a zinc oxide (ZnO) rod deposited on quartz glass substrates, as a template for an advanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. Microscopic and spectroscopic tools comprehensively characterize the morphology of the ZT-MoS2 nanostructure, which exhibits adequate edge active sites and defects, as well as a high component of active octahedral MoS2 (1T-MoS2). Electrochemical characterizations reveal the good HER performance of the ZT-MoS2 that presents a good overpotential of 110 mV, and a Tafel slope of 63 mV·dec−1, superior to most of the previously reported MoS2-based HER catalysts. This work contributes to the design and fabrication of 3D MoS2 with enhanced HER performance, which holds great promise for fuel cells and energy conversion.
Specialized Care without the Subspecialist: A Value Opportunity for Secondary Care
Authors: Cohen Eyal , Wang C. Jason , Zuckerman Barry
Published: June 2018

An underutilized value strategy that may reduce unnecessary subspecialty involvement in pediatric healthcare targets the high-quality care of children with common chronic conditions such as obesity, asthma, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder within primary care settings. In this commentary, we propose that “secondary care”, defined as specialized visits delivered by primary care providers, a general pediatrician, or other primary care providers, can obtain the knowledge, skill and, over time, the experience to manage one or more of these common chronic conditions by creating clinical time and space to provide condition-focused care. This care model promotes familiarity, comfort, proximity to home, and leverages the provider’s expertise and connections with community-based resources. Evidence is provided to prove that, with multi-disciplinary and subspecialist support, this model of care can improve the quality, decrease the costs, and improve the provider’s satisfaction with care.
Conductive Characteristics of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Film on Polymeric Substrate under Long-Term Static Deformation
Authors: Tran Dinh-Phuc , Lu Hung-I , Lin Chih-Kuang
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of long-term static bending on the conductive characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film in flexible optoelectronics. Two types of substrate are considered, namely ITO on polyethylene naphthalate (ITO/PEN) and ITO on polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET). Electrical properties of the ITO/PEN and ITO/PET sheets are measured in situ under static bending at various radii of curvature. Experimental results indicate that no significant change in electrical resistance of the ITO/PEN and ITO/PET sheets is found for compressive bending after 1000 h at a curvature radius of 10 mm or larger. However, the ITO/PEN and ITO/PET sheets are seriously damaged under a tensile bending of 10 mm radius and 5 mm radius, respectively. The given ITO/PET sheet exhibits a greater resistance to long-term mechanical bending than the ITO/PEN one, which is attributed to the effect of stiffness and thickness of substrate. As the given PET substrate has a lower stiffness and thickness than the PEN one, ITO thin film in the ITO/PET sheet has a smaller stress given a bending radius. Consequently, a smaller extent of change in the electrical conductance of ITO thin film is found in the ITO/PET sheet.
Developments in Point-of-Care Diagnostic Technology for Cancer Detection
Authors: Hayes Bryony , Murphy Caroline , Crawley Aoife , O’Kennedy Richard
Published: June 2018

Cancer is the cause of death for one in seven individuals worldwide. It is widely acknowledged that screening and early diagnosis are of vital importance for improving the likelihood of recovery. However, given the costly, time-consuming, and invasive nature of the many methods currently in use, patients often do not take advantage of the services available to them. Consequently, many researchers are exploring the possibility of developing fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tools that can be used directly or by local physicians at the point-of-care. Herein, we look at the use of established biomarkers in cancer therapy and investigate emerging biomarkers exhibiting future potential. The incorporation of these biomarkers into point-of-care devices could potentially reduce the strain currently experienced by screening programs in hospitals and healthcare systems. Results derived from point-of-care tests should be accurate, sensitive, and generated rapidly to assist in the selection of the best course of treatment for optimal patient care. Essentially, point-of-care diagnostics should enhance the well-being of patients and lead to a reduction in cancer-related deaths.
Household Income and Children’s Unmet Dental Care Need; Blacks’ Diminished Return
Authors: Assari Shervin , Hani Neda
Published: June 2018

Background: Minorities’ Diminished Return theory is defined as the relative disadvantage of minority populations compared to Whites regarding health gains that follow socioeconomic status (SES). To test whether Minorities’ Diminished Return theory holds for unmet dental care needs (DCN), we investigated Black-White differences in the effects of family income on unmet DCN among children. Methods: Data from the National Survey of Children’s Health were used. Participants were either White or Black children age 1 to 18. Family income-to-needs ratio was the independent variable. Unmet DCN was the dependent variable. Covariates included age, gender, and parental educational attainment. Race was the focal moderator. We ran logistic regression for data analysis. Results: Higher income-to-needs ratio was associated with lower risk of unmet DCN in the pooled sample. We found an interaction between race and family income-to-needs ratio on unmet DCN, suggesting a stronger protective effect for Whites than Blacks. Conclusion: Minorities’ Diminished Return also holds for the effects of family income-to-needs ratio on unmet DCN. The relative disadvantage of Blacks compared to Whites in gaining oral health from their SES may reflect structural racism that systemically hinders Black families. There is a need for additional research on specific societal barriers that bound Blacks’ oral health gain from their SES resources such as income. Policies and programs should also help Black families to leverage their SES resources.
Impact Responses and Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Electric Wheelchairs
Authors: Wang Song , Zhao Leilei , Hu Yanzhu , Yang Fuxing
Published: June 2018

The shock and vibration of electric wheelchairs undergoing road irregularities is inevitable. The road excitation causes the uneven magnetic gap of the motor, and the harmful vibration decreases the recovery rate of rehabilitation patients. To effectively suppress the shock and vibration, this paper introduces the DA (dynamic absorber) to the electric wheelchair. Firstly, a vibration model of the human-wheelchair system with the DA was created. The models of the road excitation for wheelchairs going up a step and going down a step were proposed, respectively. To reasonably evaluate the impact level of the human-wheelchair system undergoing the step–road transition, evaluation indexes were given. Moreover, the created vibration model and the road–step model were validated via tests. Then, to reveal the vibration suppression performance of the DA, the impact responses and the amplitude frequency characteristics were numerically simulated and compared. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the impact responses to the tire static radius r and the characteristic parameters was carried out. The results show that the DA can effectively suppress the shock and vibration of the human-wheelchair system. Moreover, for the electric wheelchair going up a step and going down a step, there are some differences in the vibration behaviors.
Joint Control of Net Primary Productivity by Climate and Soil Nitrogen in the Forests of Eastern China
Authors: Xiaoyun Zhan , Minghang Guo , Tibin Zhang
Published: June 2018

The nature and extent of climate and soil nutrient controls in Chinese forests remain poorly resolved. Here, we synthesized the data on carbon–climate–soil in eastern China, and litter N was firstly taken into consideration, to examine the variation of net primary productivity (NPP) and its driving forces. Results showed that NPP had significant latitude pattern and varied substantially across climate zones. Bivariate analyses indicated that mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), soil N content (Nsoil), and annual litter N (Nre) were the main controlling factors in spatial pattern of forest NPP. Notably, partial general linear model analysis revealed that MAT, MAP, and Nre jointly explained 84.8% of the spatial variation of NPP. Among the three major factors, Nre explained more variation of forest NPP than the other two factors, and MAT and MAP affected NPP mainly through the change of litter N rather than via themselves, highlighting the importance of litter N in estimating forest NPP. However, to accurately describe the pattern of forest NPP in China, more detailed field measurements and methodologies on NPP and relevant confounding factors should be addressed in future studies.
From Inpatient to Ambulatory Care: The Introduction of a Rapid Access Transient Ischaemic Attack Service
Authors: Maddula Mohana , Adams Laura , Donnelly Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Background: Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) should be treated as a medical emergency. While high-risk TIAs have higher stroke risks than low-risk patients, there is an inherent limitation to this risk stratification, as some low-risk patients may have undiagnosed high-risk conditions. Inequity of care for TIA patients was observed, such that high-risk patients received urgent assessment through acute admission, while low-risk patients faced long waits for clinical consultation. A redesign of the TIA service was planned to offer timely assessment for all patients and avoid acute admission for high-risk patients. Methods: Service reconfiguration was undertaken to set up a daily weekday rapid access TIA clinic where patients would be assessed, investigated, and treated. Results: A re-audit of clinic performance showed a significant increase in the number of patients seen in the ages of 18 to 52. The median time from referral to clinical consultation improved from 10 days to 1. There were similar significant improvements seen in median time to brain imaging (from 10.5 days to 1), and carotid ultrasound (from 10 days to all scans being performed on the same day). Conclusions: The redesigned service achieved the objective of offering urgent assessment and investigations for all TIA patients, including low-risk patients, while avoiding the acute admission for high-risk patients. We share our experience of establishing a successful rapid access ambulatory service without any additional resources.
Analyzing Space-Time Dynamics of Theft Rates Using Exchange Mobility
Authors: Tang Yicheng , Zhu Xinyan , Guo Wei , Duan Lian , Wu Ling
Published: June 2018

A critical issue in the geography of crime is the quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of crimes which usually changes over time. In this paper, we use the concept of exchange mobility across different time periods to determine the spatial distribution of the theft rate in the city of Wuhan, China, in 2016. To this end, we use a newly-developed spatial dynamic indicator, the Local Indicator of Mobility Association (LIMA), which can detect differences in the spatial distribution of theft rate rankings over time from a distributional dynamics perspective. Our results provide a scientific reference for the evaluation of the effects of crime prevention efforts and offer a decision-making tool to enhance the application of temporal and spatial analytical methods.
Cyclotron Production of Unconventional Radionuclides for PET Imaging: the Example of Titanium-45 and Its Applications
Authors: Costa Pedro , Metello Luís F. , Alves Francisco , Duarte Naia M.
Published: June 2018

Positron emitting radionuclides are used to label different compounds, allowing the study of the major biological systems using PET (positron emission tomography) imaging. Although there are several radionuclides suited for PET imaging, routine clinical applications are still based on a restrict group constituted by 18F, 11C, and, more recently, 68Ga. However, with the enlarged availability of low-energy cyclotrons and technical improvements in radionuclide production, the use of unconventional radionuclides is progressively more common. Several examples of unconventional radionuclides for PET imaging are being suggested, and 45Ti could be suggested as a model, due to its interesting properties such as its abundant positron emission (85%), reduced positron energy (β+ endpoint energy = 1040 keV), physical half-life of 3.09 h, and interesting chemical properties. This review aims to introduce the role of cyclotrons in the production of unconventional radionuclides for PET imaging while using 45Ti as an example to explore the potential biomedical applications of those radionuclides in PET imaging.
Direct Reprograming to Regenerate Myocardium and Repair Its Pacemaker and Conduction System
Authors: Adepu Saritha , Oosterwerff Erik , Christoffels Vincent , Boink Gerard
Published: June 2018

The regenerative medicine field has been revolutionized by the direct conversion of one cell type to another by ectopic expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. The direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced cardiac myocytes (iCMs) by core cardiac transcription factors (Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5) both in vitro and in vivo has paved the way in cardiac regeneration and repair. Several independent research groups have successfully reported the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts in injured myocardium to cardiac myocytes employing a variety of approaches that rely on transcription factors, small molecules, and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Recently, this technology has been considered for local repair of the pacemaker and the cardiac conduction system. To address this, we will first discuss the direct reprograming advancements in the setting of working myocardium regeneration, and then elaborate on how this technology can be applied to repair the cardiac pacemaker and the conduction system.
Deformation Behavior of High-Mn TWIP Steels Processed by Warm-to-Hot Working
Authors: Torganchuk Vladimir , Glezer Aleksandr M. , Belyakov Andrey , Kaibyshev Rustam
Published: June 2018

The deformation behavior of 18%Mn TWIP steels (upon tensile tests) subjected to warm-to-hot rolling was analyzed in terms of Ludwigson-type relationship, i.e., σ = K1·εn1 + exp(K2 − n2·ε). Parameters of Ki and ni depend on material and processing conditions and can be expressed by unique functions of inverse temperature. A decrease in the rolling temperature from 1373 K to 773 K results in a decrease in K1 concurrently with n1. Correspondingly, true stress approached a level of about 1750 MPa during tensile tests, irrespective of the previous warm-to-hot rolling conditions. On the other hand, an increase in both K2 and n2 with a decrease in the rolling temperature corresponds to an almost threefold increase in the yield strength and threefold shortening of the stage of transient plastic flow, which governs the duration of strain hardening and, therefore, manages plasticity. The change in deformation behavior with variation in the rolling temperature is associated with the effect of the processing conditions on the dislocation substructure, which, in turn, depends on the development of dynamic recovery and recrystallization during warm-to-hot rolling.
Editorial for Special Issue “Nucleation of Minerals: Precursors, Intermediates and Their Use in Materials Chemistry”
Authors: Gebauer Denis
Published: June 2018

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Statistical Optimization of Medium for Pullulan Production by Aureobasidium pullulans NCPS2016 Using Fructose and Soybean Meal Hydrolysates
Authors: Yang Jinyu , Zhang Yanhao , Zhao Shuangzhi , Zhou Qingxin , Xin Xue , Chen Leilei
Published: June 2018

Pullulan, with its excellent characteristics of film-forming, water solubility, and biodegradability, is attracting more and more attention in agricultural products preservation. However, high pullulan production cost largely restricts its widely application due to its low production. In order to improve pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans NCPS2016, the medium was optimized using single factor experiment and response surface methodology. Based on the single factor experiments, the contents of soybean meal hydrolysates (SMHs), (NH4)2SO4, and K2HPO4·3H2O were considered to be main factors influencing the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, and were further optimized by Box–Behnken design. The optimal content of SMHs of 7.71 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 of 0.35 g/L, and K2HPO4·3H2O of 8.83 g/L were defined. Finally, EPS production of 59.8 g/L was obtained, 39% higher in comparison with the production in the basal medium. The purified EPS produced by NCPS2016 was confirmed to be pullulan. This is the first time fructose is reported to be the optimal carbon source for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans, which is of great significance for the further study of the mechanism of the synthesis of pullulan by NCPS2016. Also, the results here have laid a foundation for reducing the industrial production cost of pullulan.
A 15 Year Ecological Comparison for the Market Dynamics of Minnesota Community Pharmacies from 2002 to 2017
Authors: Olson Anthony W. , Schommer Jon C. , Hadsall Ronald S.
Published: June 2018

Background: Understanding the factors that influence the market entry, exit, and stability of community pharmacies (i.e., market dynamics) is important for stakeholders ranging from patients to health policymakers and small business owners to large corporate institutions. Objective: The study’s first objective was to describe the market dynamics of community pharmacies for Minnesota counties in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 by associating county (a) population density and (b) metropolitan designation with the change in the number of ‘All community pharmacies,’ ‘Chain community pharmacies’, and ‘Independent community pharmacies’. The study’s second objective was to describe the number and proportion of community pharmacies for Minnesota counties in 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 by (1) ‘Business Organization Structure’ and (2) ‘Pharmacy Type.’ Methods: County-level data were obtained from the Minnesota Board of Pharmacy, US Census Bureau, and Minnesota State Demographic Center for 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. Findings were summarized and the associations between study variables described using descriptive statistics. Results: The ratio of ‘Independent community pharmacies’ to ‘Chain community pharmacies’ was about 1:1 (466:530) in 2002, 1:2 (352:718) in 2007, 1:2 (387:707) in 2012, and 1:3 (256:807) in 2017. There was not a consistent relationship that carried through the 15 year analysis between county population density and metropolitan designation and the market dynamic patterns of community pharmacies. The types of pharmacy in Minnesota changed significantly over the study with increases in state, regional, and national chains and declines in single entity and small chain independents. There were also notable declines in mass merchandiser community pharmacies and increases in clinic and medical center community pharmacies. Discussion: The findings suggest that different or additional factors beyond traditional market dynamic predictors of population density and metropolitan designation were at play in each five year interval of this study. We propose that the traditional dichotomy of independent and chain community pharmacy groupings no longer provide an optimal characterization for the market dynamics of pharmacies today. Instead, community pharmacies may be better organized by their capacity to operate as healthcare access points that provide and are reimbursed for patient care and public health services like medication therapy management, immunizations, and more. Conclusions: The findings showed that community pharmacy distribution in Minnesota’s 87 counties has shifted between 2002 and 2017 from traditional retail models to emerging healthcare models based on population health needs. This signals the need for not only a new approach for tracking community pharmacy market dynamics but also adjustments by community pharmacies to remain relevant in a new environment of patient care services.
Community Pharmacy Use by Children across Europe: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Blair Mitch , Menon Arjun
Published: June 2018

The use of community pharmacies across Europe has potential to alleviate the burden on overstretched healthcare providers. Children and young people (0–18 years) account for a large number of primary care attendances. This narrative literature review between January 2000 and December 2017 examines the use of community pharmacy by paediatric patients in Europe. The results report both positive and negative perceptions of community pharmacy by parents and children, opportunities for an extended role in Europe, as well as the need for further training. The main limitations were the inclusion of English language papers only and an initial review of the literature carried out by a single researcher. It remains to be seen whether a ‘new-look’ role of the community pharmacist is practical and in alignment with specific European Commission and national policies.
Publish in English or Perish in Portuguese: Struggles and Constraints on the Semiperiphery
Authors: Solovova Olga , Santos Joana Vieira , Veríssimo Joaquim
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the choice between English lingua franca and Portuguese (a pluricentric language in research article publishing), a choice which presents both a challenge and an opportunity to authors operating within the semiperipheral space of Portuguese research communities. Data on articles from three disciplinary areas: Linguistics, Information Science and Library Science, and Pharmacology and Pharmacy, written in Portuguese and English, have been retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) covering a 20-year period (1998–2017). Figures show a rise in publications in the second decade (2008–2017) in both languages: the number of English papers is higher throughout, but the rise in the number of Portuguese papers is steeper over these latter years. Given the disparity in the number of Portuguese and English-language WoS-indexed journals, the rise in English is probably not due to individual authorial choices, but to the lack of indexed journals in Portuguese, as well as to the constraints of the publishing market. Language choice is embedded in symbolic places of knowledge construction—in the processes of voicing research claims, in the multilayered historical processes within disciplinary communities of practice, and in the marketization of research publishing. These issues may shape future ways of disseminating knowledge in a publishing arena that will continue to be globalized, though perhaps not so monolingual.
Investigation of Accidents during Storage Caused by Fermentation or Oxidation from SSSR and Fishmeal Using Thermal Analysis and Frank-Kamenetskii Theory
Authors: Murasawa Naoharu , Koseki Hiroshi , Iwata Yusaku , Sakamoto Takabumi
Published: June 2018

In Japan, where soy sauce production and the fishery industries thrive, soy sauce squeezing residue (SSSR) and fishmeal, which are operational byproducts of these sectors, are produced as waste materials for recycling. SSSR and fishmeal have resulted in accidents due to spontaneous ignition and oxygen deprivation, which are believed to have been caused by the heat generated through fermentation or oxidation; consequently, it is desirable to develop measures that prevent such accidents during storage and transportation. In this study, we assessed the hazards associated with the spontaneous ignition and oxygen deprivation of SSSR and fishmeal in storage areas using thermal and gas analysers, focusing on the heat produced by fermentation and oxidation. We also used Frank-Kamenetskii theory to determine the relationship between pile height and the ambient temperatures at which spontaneous ignition and oxygen deprivation occur. Our results suggest that oxygen deficiency may occur in a well-sealed storage facility in which oxygen is consumed by fermentation. For example, the oxygen concentration can drop below critical safety thresholds in the case of SSSR, even when stored below 25 °C, particularly when the moisture content is high. However, when a sufficient amount of oxygen is present and the material is stored in large deposits in a well-insulated facility, fermentation causes the temperature to increase, leading to the oxidation of fatty acid esters and eventually fire; when SSSR or fishmeal is maintained at temperatures near 40 °C, their temperatures can increase to 250 °C within approximately 30 h. Furthermore, the results of this study also demonstrate the need to consider pile height in storage areas in order to prevent accidents due to spontaneous ignition and oxygen deprivation; the critical ambient temperature at which heat accumulates is estimated to be between 20–30 °C, at a bulk density of 0.3 × 103 kg/m3, and a pile height of 3 m.
On Exactitude in Financial Regulation: Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall, and Expectiles
Authors: Chen James Ming
Published: June 2018

This article reviews two leading measures of financial risk and an emerging alternative. Embraced by the Basel accords, value-at-risk and expected shortfall are the leading measures of financial risk. Expectiles offset the weaknesses of value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall. Indeed, expectiles are the only elicitable law-invariant coherent risk measures. After reviewing practical concerns involving backtesting and robustness, this article more closely examines regulatory applications of expectiles. Expectiles are most readily evaluated as a special class of quantiles. For ease of regulatory implementation, expectiles can be defined exclusively in terms of VaR, expected shortfall, and the thresholds at which those competing risk measures are enforced. Moreover, expectiles are in harmony with gain/loss ratios in financial risk management. Expectiles may address some of the flaws in VaR and expected shortfall—subject to the reservation that no risk measure can achieve exactitude in regulation.
Ultralight Accidents in the US, UK, and Portugal
Authors: De Voogt Alex , Chaves Filipe , Harden Erik , Silvestre Miguel , Gamboa Pedro
Published: June 2018

Ultralight accidents are reported to be more severe compared to those in other categories of sports aviation. In the absence of denominator data in the United States (US) but addressing a continuing concern in general aviation safety, this study gives a comparison between ultralight accidents in the US, the United Kingdom (UK) and Portugal. For the period 2000–2010, 35 accidents occurred in Portugal, 252 in the UK and 20 in the US. They were compared for their proportionate number of fatal accidents, their main causes, and the characteristics of the pilots. The UK showed a significantly smaller proportionate number of fatal accidents compared to that of the US and Portugal. The proportionate number of destroyed aircraft was significantly higher in Portugal than in the US, with the UK showing an even smaller percentage. The general profile of the pilots did not differ notably, but the types of causes were more often attributed to pilot error or piloting technique in Portugal compared to the other two countries. While the proportionate number of fatalities is a strong indicator of the differences between the three countries, the varying reporting traditions and regulations preclude a direct comparison. Nevertheless, based on these data, the concern for ultralight safety in the US has not diminished since previous studies. Although the concerns are similar to those raised for Portugal, US ultralight safety may benefit from practices in the UK.
RELICS: Strong Lens Models for Five Galaxy Clusters from the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
Authors: Cerny Catherine , Sharon Keren , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto J. , Bradač Maruša , Bradley Larry D. , Carrasco Daniela , Coe Dan , Czakon Nicole G. , Dawson William A. , Frye Brenda L. , Hoag Austin , Huang Kuang-Han , Johnson Traci L. , Jones Christine , Lam Daniel , Lovisari Lorenzo , Mainali Ramesh , Oesch Pascal A. , Ogaz Sara , Past Matthew , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Peterson Avery , Riess Adam G. , Rodney Steven A. , Ryan Russell E. , Salmon Brett , Sendra-Server Irene , Stark Daniel P. , Strolger Louis-Gregory , Trenti Michele , Umetsu Keiichi , Vulcani Benedetta , Zitrin Adi
Published: June 2018

Strong gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters magnifies background galaxies, enhancing our ability to discover statistically significant samples of galaxies at

, in order to constrain the high-redshift galaxy luminosity functions. Here, we present the first five lens models out of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS) Hubble Treasury Program, based on new HST WFC3/IR and ACS imaging of the clusters RXC J0142.9+4438, Abell 2537, Abell 2163, RXC J2211.7–0349, and ACT-CLJ0102–49151. The derived lensing magnification is essential for estimating the intrinsic properties of high-redshift galaxy candidates, and properly accounting for the survey volume. We report on new spectroscopic redshifts of multiply imaged lensed galaxies behind these clusters, which are used as constraints, and detail our strategy to reduce systematic uncertainties due to lack of spectroscopic information. In addition, we quantify the uncertainty on the lensing magnification due to statistical and systematic errors related to the lens modeling process, and find that in all but one cluster, the magnification is constrained to better than 20% in at least 80% of the field of view, including statistical and systematic uncertainties. The five clusters presented in this paper span the range of masses and redshifts of the clusters in the RELICS program. We find that they exhibit similar strong lensing efficiencies to the clusters targeted by the Hubble Frontier Fields within the WFC3/IR field of view. Outputs of the lens models are made available to the community through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
Quasi-periodic Pulsations in a Solar Microflare
Authors: Nakariakov V. M. , Anfinogentov S. , Storozhenko A. A. , Kurochkin E. A. , Bogod V. M. , Sharykin I. N. , Kaltman T. I.
Published: June 2018

Irregular time evolution of the radio emission generated in a B2-class microflare (SOL2017-01-25T10:15), occurring on 2017 January 25 in active region 12,628, is studied. The microflare was apparently initiated by an appearance of an s-shaped loop, observed in the EUV band. The radio emission is associated with the nonthermal electrons detected with Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, and originates simultaneously from two opposite footpoints of a magnetic fan structure beginning at a sunspot. According to the active region geometry, the footpoints are situated in the meridional direction, and hence are observed by RATAN-600 simultaneously. The radio emission intensity signal, as well as the left-hand and right-hand circular polarization signals in the low-frequency band (3–4 GHz) show good correlation with each other, with the average characteristic time of the variation 1.4 ± 0.3 s. The polarization signal shows a time variation with the characteristic time of about 0.7 ± 0.2 s. The irregular quasi-periodic pulsations of the radio emission are likely to be caused by the superposition of the signals generated at the local electron plasma frequencies by the interaction of nonthermal electrons with the plasma at the footpoints. In this scenario, the precipitation rate of the nonthermal electrons at the opposite footpoints could be modulated by the superposition of fundamental and second harmonic modes of sausage oscillations, resulting in the observed different characteristic times of the intensity and polarization signals. However, other mechanisms, e.g., the oscillatory regime of loop coalescence or magnetic null point oscillation could not be rigorously excluded.
A Universal Spin–Mass Relation for Brown Dwarfs and Planets
Authors: Scholz Aleks , Moore Keavin , Jayawardhana Ray , Aigrain Suzanne , Peterson Dawn , Stelzer Beate
Published: June 2018

While brown dwarfs show similarities to stars early in their lives, their spin evolutions are much more akin to those of planets. We have used light curves from the K2 mission to measure new rotation periods for 18 young brown dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region. Our sample spans masses from 0.02 to 0.08 M
⊙ and has been characterized extensively in the past. To search for periods, we utilize three different methods (autocorrelation, periodogram, Gaussian processes). The median period for brown dwarfs with disks is twice as long as for those without (3.1 versus 1.6 days), a signature of rotational braking by the disk, albeit with small numbers. With an overall median period of 1.9 days, brown dwarfs in Taurus rotate slower than their counterparts in somewhat older (3–10 Myr) star-forming regions, consistent with spin-up of the latter due to contraction and angular momentum conservation, a clear sign that disk braking overall is inefficient and/or temporary in this mass domain. We confirm the presence of a linear increase of the typical rotation period as a function of mass in the substellar regime. The rotational velocities, when calculated forward to the age of the solar system, assuming angular momentum conservation, fit the known spin–mass relation for solar system planets and extra-solar planetary-mass objects. This spin–mass trend holds over six orders of magnitude in mass, including objects from several different formation paths. Our result implies that brown dwarfs by and large retain their primordial angular momentum through the first few Myr of their evolution.