bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les schistes a intercalations calcareuses et de roches d'origine magmatique du Fenouillet, une formation caracteristique des terrains paleozoiques du Sud-Ouest du massif des Maures (Var, France)
Authors: Banos J. L. , Fonteilles M.
Published: December 2014

General lithostratigraphical and sedimentological aspects of the Palaeozoic epizonal rocks of the SW Massif des Maures are presented. Chemical studies indicate an igneous origin for a group of associated calcareous and non-calcareous metatuffs and metadolerite. The relationship of the assemblage to the magmatic series is discussed, and metasomatic phenomena are described.
Les tholeiites a olivine a megacristaux de bytownite du rift d'Asal (Republique de Djibouti); quelques suggestions pour un modele genetique
Authors: Bizouard H. , Clocchiatti R. , Marinelli G.
Published: December 2014

The genesis of bytownite megacryst-bearing olivine tholeiites from the Asal rift is reviewed in the light of available data integrated by new mineralogical and chemical results. A model is favoured of a very shallow stationary high-T magmatic system located underneath the Asal spreading axis. A biphase magmatic convection is needed to maintain the stationary state and could explain the up-arching of the Asal rift, as well as the formation and stability of the homogeneous bytownite megacrysts in the tholeiitic lava. The occurrence at shallow depth of such a hot and probably large mass of magma could also account for the recently observed attenuation of seismic waves.
Les granitoides du Nord Cameroun; Petrographie et geochimie
Authors: Tempier P. , Lasserre M. , Sabourdy G.
Published: December 2014

The granitic rocks of N Cameroon show complex characteristics of pan-African granitization, with some granite massifs, some syenite massifs and some of mixed granite-syenite. Geochemical analysis shows a double evolution trend identical to those of the younger granites of Cameroon and Nigeria, implying possible N-S migration of atectonic granitic intrusions in the mobile zone of central Africa. Rb/Sr ratios yield information on fractional crystallization processes; chemical analyses of various granitic rocks are presented.
Fayetteville Shale-Production Outlook
Authors: Gülen Gürcan , Ikonnikova Svetlana , Browning John , Tinker Scott W.
Published: December 2014

We developed a production-outlook model based on an interdisciplinary analysis of production data from 3,689 wells that were drilled through 2011 and geologic data on the Fayetteville shale play. The model is the most-granular public study to date because it is modeled after six tiers of varying productivity and well economics of average wells by tier. The analysis covers 2,234 sq miles across partly drained and undrilled acreage. We estimate potential drilling locations by tier for the total area, and use physics-based production profiles assuming transient-linear flow. Drilling pace is adjusted to changes in natural-gas price relative to well economics, historical attrition rates, and logistical constraints. We run simulations and conduct scenario analysis on reasonable ranges for natural-gas price, remaining developable acreage, improvements in technology and well-cost performance, and economic limit for shutting in a well. Our analysis indicates remaining recovery from existing wells and those to be drilled between 2012 and 2030 of approximately 14.5 Tcf in the base case, subject to many uncertainties.
Behavior of Metals in a Combined Wastewater Collection System in Ostrava, Czech Republic
Authors: Raclavska Helena , Drozdova Jarmila , Skrobankova Hana , Raclavsky Konstantin
Published: December 2014

In combined wastewater collection systems, the concentrations of metals and the form of metal occurrence (dissolved form and bonding of metals to total suspended solids) influence the efficiency of capturing metals into sludge in wastewater treatment plants. The variability of metal concentrations was determined for 12 sampling sites during dry weather periods (DWP) and wet weather periods (WWP). Wastewater during DWP contain in dissolved form 77% of cadmium, 75% of nickel, 66% of arsenic, 57% of manganese and 50% of zinc and copper. Other metals are preferably bound to suspended particulates: 65% of chromium, iron, vanadium, mercury and 91% of lead. Comparison of metal concentrations in wastewater during DWP and WWP can be used to determine non‐point source contributions. During WWP, metal concentrations increase by 24 to 25% for cadmium and zinc, 22% for nickel and 18% for copper. Urine and feces are responsible for a very small portion (<15%) of the total content of metals. Households are the main source of cadmium and copper (64% of total concentrations of these metals in wastewater).
Development and reproduction of spider mites Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae) under water deficit condition in soybeans
Authors: Nikolova Ivelina , Georgieva Natalia , Naydenova Jordanka
Published: December 2014

One of the major pests of soybeans in Bulgaria is the spider mite Tetranychus
turkestani Ug et Nik (Acari: Tetranychidae) and different results have been
reported about the impact of water stress on its development and
reproduction. Soybean plants exposed to natural infestation by spider mites,
water deficit and treatment with imidacloprid were examined under greenhouse
conditions at the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria, over the
period 2011-2012. The development of mites and their eggs was faster when
plants were exposed to water deficit, which created favorable conditions for
high density and reproduction of T. turkestani. There was a vertical
distribution of protonymphs, deutonymphs and adults as their numbers and egg
counts were significantly higher under conditions of water deficit on the
upper and middle plant parts, compared with their bottom parts, and
imidacloprid treatment had a stronger and more prolonged activity against
mites, compared to its influence on well-watered plants. Spider mites on
water-stressed plants caused a 24.8% reduction in the contents of plastid
pigments, and carotenoids, and 21.5% decrease on well-watered plants.
Land use transport interaction models: Application perspectives for the city of Thessaloniki
Authors: Pozoukidou Georgia
Published: December 2014

Land use patterns and transport system are considered to be the two basic
components of the urban development process, and as such they have been in
the core of spatial planning policies for the last 4 decades. Land use
transport interaction models are computer tools that could help us understand
land use changes and organization of human activities in relation to existing
or planned transport infrastructure. In this context this paper examines the
perspectives of applying a land use transport interaction model for the city
of Thessaloniki. Obtaining, preparing and validating socioeconomic data is a
crucial part of the modeling process, therefore an extensive search of the
required data was performed. The quest for appropriate and suitable data
concluded with a detailed recording of emerged problems. In response to the
inability of finding suitable data to perform the first step of the modeling
process i.e. calibration, the paper concludes with some thoughts related to
data availability, organization and standardization issues. Last but not
least, the paper stresses out the significance of data availability for
utilization of land use transport models, so as not to remain purely academic
products but tools with practical value in planning.
Spatial and sectoral planning support to sustainable territorial and tourism development of protected mountain areas in Serbia
Authors: Maksin Marija , Milijic Sasa , Krunic Nikola , Ristic Vladica
Published: December 2014

The starting point for easier resolution of conflicts between conservation
and development should be the application of the concept of protected areas
of natural heritage as social-ecological systems. This is also the
precondition for attainment of strategic planning coordination for protected
mountain areas (PMA). The objective of the paper is to provide the insight
into the effectiveness of strategic planning support - spatial and sectoral
planning - to sustainable territorial and tourism development of PMA in
Serbia. The study area comprises Kopaonik and Djerdap National Parks, and
Stara Planina Nature Park. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of
strategic planning for PMA by means of analysis and evaluation of spatial
plans, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and sector plans in tourism
for the study area. The effectiveness of spatial planning is checked based on
the analysis and evaluation of sustainability of zoning and land-use regimes,
and of tourism development proposed by spatial plans for the study area. The
conclusion is that it is necessary to apply holistic approach to sector
planning for nature conservation and tourism development, and to apply SEA
for tourism planning as well. Reduction of the spatial coverage of PMA and
spatial differentiation of protected zones from the ones planned for
intensive development is recommended.
Complex urbarchitectonic structures of Pristina and Novi Pazar cities
Authors: Beganovic Dzemila
Published: December 2014

Contemporary urban development has changed the traditional cities all over
the world. In our region, the typical Balkan cities of oriental origin,
structure and outlook were almost totally transformed in the second half of
the 20th century. Modern movement brought new models of urban organization,
different communication concepts and a variety of concepts of modern
buildings. Among others, the idea of complex urbarchitectonic structures in
urban tissue spread under specific influences and models. After a short
review of modern urban development and the idea of complex urban structures,
this paper explores urban transformation of less researched cities such as
Pristina and Novi Pazar. The focus is on the phenomenon of complex
urbarchitectonic structures built in related cities in a short period from
1969-1989. Four complex urbarchitectonic structures will be presented: Kicma
and complex in JNA Street in Pristina and Lucne buildings and Jezero
buildings in Novi Pazar.
Most People With Long-Duration Type 1 Diabetes in a Large Population-Based Study Are Insulin Microsecretors
Authors: Oram Richard A. , McDonald Timothy J. , Shields Beverley M. , Hudson Michelle M. , Shepherd Maggie H. , Hammersley Suzanne , Pearson Ewan R. , Hattersley Andrew T. ,   on behalf of the UNITED Team
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

Small studies using ultrasensitive C-peptide assays suggest endogenous insulin secretion is frequently detectable in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D), but these studies do not use representative samples. We aimed to use the stimulated urine C-peptide-to-creatinine ratio (UCPCR) to assess C-peptide levels in a large cross-sectional, population-based study of patients with T1D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We recruited 924 patients from primary and secondary care in two U.K. centers who had a clinical diagnosis of T1D, were under 30 years of age when they received a diagnosis, and had a diabetes duration of >5 years. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years (interquartile range 6–17 years), and the duration of diabetes was 19 years (11–27 years). All provided a home postmeal UCPCR, which was measured using a Roche electrochemiluminescence assay.

RESULTS

Eighty percent of patients (740 of 924 patients) had detectable endogenous C-peptide levels (UCPCR >0.001 nmol/mmol). Most patients (52%, 483 of 924 patients) had historically very low undetectable levels (UCPCR 0.0013–0.03 nmol/mmol); 8% of patients (70 of 924 patients) had a UCPCR ≥0.2 nmol/mmol, equivalent to serum levels associated with reduced complications and hypoglycemia. Absolute UCPCR levels fell with duration of disease. Age at diagnosis and duration of disease were independent predictors of C-peptide level in multivariate modeling.

CONCLUSIONS

This population-based study shows that the majority of long-duration T1D patients have detectable urine C-peptide levels. While the majority of patients are insulin microsecretors, some maintain clinically relevant endogenous insulin secretion for many years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Understanding this may lead to a better understanding of pathogenesis in T1D and open new possibilities for treatment.
A New Protocol to Evaluate the Effect of Topical Anesthesia
Authors: List Thomas , Mojir Katerina , Svensson Peter , Pigg Maria
Published: December 2014

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over clinical experimental study tested the reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of punctuate pain thresholds and self-reported pain on needle penetration. Female subjects without orofacial pain were tested in 2 sessions at 1- to 2-week intervals. The test site was the mucobuccal fold adjacent to the first upper right premolar. Active lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (Dynexan) or placebo gel was applied for 5 minutes, and sensory testing was performed before and after application. The standardized quantitative sensory test protocol included mechanical pain threshold (MPT), pressure pain threshold (PPT), mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS), and needle penetration sensitivity (NPS) assessments. Twenty-nine subjects, mean (SD) age 29.0 (10.2) years, completed the study. Test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient at 10-minute intervals between examinations was MPT 0.69, PPT 0.79, MPS 0.72, and NPS 0.86. A high correlation was found between NPS and MPS (r = 0.84; P < .001), whereas NPS and PPT were not significantly correlated. The study found good to excellent test-retest reliability for all measures. None of the sensory measures detected changes in sensitivity following lidocaine 2% or placebo gel. Electronic von Frey assessments of MPT/MPS on oral mucosa have good validity.
Comparison of Insertion of the Modified i-gel Airway for Oral Surgery With the LMA Flexible: A Manikin Study
Authors: Sanuki Takuro , Sugioka Shingo , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Ueki Ryusuke , Kaminoh Yoshiroh , Kotani Junichiro
Published: December 2014

We previously modified the i-gel airway to enable its use in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery and reported its fabrication methods. In general, the standard i-gel airway is quick to insert and has a high success rate, but the modified i-gel airway has yet to be assessed for these attributes. We, therefore, set out to compare the ease of insertion of the modified i-gel airway with the LMA Flexible to investigate the usefulness of the modified i-gel airway. The study participants, who included 20 new interns with no experience using either the LMA Flexible or the modified i-gel airway, inserted each device 3 times into an intubation practice manikin. The variables measured in this study were insertion time and rate of successful insertions. Mean insertion time over 3 attempts was significantly shorter for the modified i-gel™ airway (18.9 ± 4.7 seconds) than the LMA Flexible (24.9 ± 5.1 seconds, P < .001). The rate of successful insertions as a total of all 3 attempts was significantly higher for the modified i-gel airway (56/60 times, 93.3%) than the LMA Flexible (45/60 times, 75%; P = .012). When used by an inexperienced operator, the modified i-gel™ airway is faster and has a higher success rate than the LMA Flexible, suggesting that it can be easily manipulated during insertion.
Anesthetic and Dental Management of a Child With IMAGe Syndrome
Authors: Lindemeyer Rochelle G. , Rashewsky Stephanie E. , Louie Phillip J. , Schleelein Laura
Published: December 2014

IMAGe syndrome (OMIM 300290) is a rare multisystem disorder that has a broad phenotypic presentation. Though variable, this disorder mainly consists of Intrauterine growth retardation, Metaphyseal dysplasia, Adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and Genital abnormalities. Patients with IMAGe syndrome present as an uncommon yet important challenge for dentists and anesthesiologists due to their wide range of dysmorphic facial features, adrenal insufficiency, electrolyte imbalances, and need for steroid replacement. The purpose of this case report is to describe the successful anesthetic management of a pediatric patient diagnosed with IMAGe syndrome who presented for full mouth dental rehabilitation.
An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin
Authors: Zagorskis Alvydas , Vaiškūnaitė Rasa
Published: December 2014

Recent studies in the area of biological air treatment in filters have addressed fundamental key issues, such as a biofilter bed of different origin composed of natural zeolite granules, foam cubes and wood chips. When foam and zeolite are mixed with wood chips to remove volatile organic compounds from the air, not only biological but also adsorption air purification methods are accomplished. The use of complex purification technologies helps to improve the efficiency of a filter as well as the bed service life of the filter bed. Investigations revealed that microorganisms prevailing in biological purification, can also reproduce themselves in biofilter beds of inorganic and synthetic origin composed of natural zeolite and foam. By cultivating associations of spontaneous microorganisms in the filter bed the dependencies of the purification efficiency of filter on the origin, concentration and filtration time of injected pollutants were determined. The highest purification efficiency was obtained when air polluted with acetone vapour was supplied to the equipment at 0.1 m/s of superficial gas velocity. When cleaning air from volatile organic compounds (acetone, toluene and butanol), under the initial pollutant concentration of ~100 mg/m3, the filter efficiency reached 95 %.
Using a model to approach the process of loading and unloading of mining output at a quarry
Authors: Saderova Janka , Bindzar Peter
Published: December 2014

Streszczenie

Praca opisuje moldeowe podejście do zagadnienia załadunku i transportu urobku z punktu załadunku do punktu rozładunku, przy założeniu wielu lokalizacji. Modelowanie i stworzenie modelu jest jednym z fundamentalnych podejść do badania, analizy, planowania i projektowania systemu. Model prezentowany w tym artykule został przygotowany na podstawie algorytmu zaprojektowanego zgodnie z wymaganiami transportu materiałów z dwóch punktów załadunku z użyciem tylko jednej ładowarki kołowej. Przy takich warunkach niezbędne było ustalenie czasu koniecznego do prze- mieszczenia ładowarki pomiędzy punktami załadunku. Finalnie model określa ilość wozideł do załadunku w każdym punkcie załadunku celem zapewnienia regularnego rozładunku materiału po- chodzącego ze wszystkich punktów załadunku.

Po utworzeniu modelu macierzowego założono takie parametry, jak użytkowanie każdego punktu załadunkowego, jednorodne użytkowania wozideł technologicznych w każdym przedziale czasu, czy określenie minimalnej ilości załadowanych wozideł w punktach załadunku. Wykorzystanie dziennych zdolności przewozowych zależy od specyficznych warunków wydobycia, ilości urobku, pracy ma- szyn załadunkowych i transportowych, odległości transportowych, organizacji pracy, czasu trwania zmiany i innych czynników. Modelowanie procesu może być pomocne w wyborze systemu transportu lub też pewnej racjonalizacj i czy optymalizacji systemu istniejącego. Modelowe podejście jest jednym z najlepszych sposobów rozwiązania tego problemu, choć istnieją też inne metody jak symulacje czy odpowiednie programy komputerowe.
Management of Hard Coal Mining and Processing Wastes in Poland
Authors: Galos Krzysztof , Szlugaj Jarosław
Published: December 2014

Streszczenie

Odpady z górnictwa i przeróbki stanowią największą grupę odpadów przemysłowych wytwa- rzanych i deponowanych w Polsce. Odpady z górnictwa i przeróbki węgla kamiennego tradycyjnie stanowią najważniejszą ich grupę. Obecnie są one wytwarzane w ilościach rzędu 29-33 min Mg/r, przy wykorzystaniu gospodarczym rzędu 85%. Odpady powęglowe dzieli się na dwie główne grupy: odpady górnicze (do 20%) z górniczych prac przygotowawczych i udostępniających, oraz odpady przeróbcze: gruboziarniste ze wzbogacania w zawiesinowych cieczach ciężkich, drobnoziarniste ze wzbogacania w osadzarkach, bardzo drobnoziarniste odpady flotacyjne.

Wykorzystywane gospodarczo są głównie odpady gruboziarniste (zarówno górnicze, jak i prze- róbcze). Główne kierunki ich zastosowań to: produkcja kruszyw do prac inżynierskich i budowy dróg, produkcja cementu i ceramiki budowlanej, odzysk węgla, stosowanie jako materiału podsadzkowego. W przypadku produkcji kruszyw, stosowane są dwa rodzaje odpadów: odpady powęglowe surowe oraz samoczynnie wypalony łupek powęglowy. Najważniejszym producentem kruszyw z odpadów powęglowych surowych jest Haldex S.A. z czterema zakładami przeróbczymi (dostarczającymi także łupek powęglowy do produkcji cementu lub ceramiki budowlanej, a także odzyskiwany węgiel) oraz dwoma węzłami krusząco-sortującymi. Łączna produkcja kruszyw w zakładach Haldex S.A. prze- kracza 3 miliony Mg/r. Produkcja kruszyw łupkoporytowych z łupka wypalonego jest prowadzona przez kilkanaście małych firm na łącznym poziomie ponad 0,5 min Mg/r. Surowy łupek powęglowy znajduje zastosowanie do produkcji cementu i ceramiki budowlanej w ilości do 0,3 min Mg/r. Odzysk węgla, prowadzony głównie w zakładach Haldex S.A., obecnie przekracza 0,15 min Mg/r, podczas gdy produkcja granulowanych mułów węglowych w trzech instalacjach Haldex S.A. i dwóch in- stalacjach Tauron Wydobycie jest prawdopodobnie nawet kilka razy większa rzędu 0,6-0,7 min Mg/r. W najbliższych latach nie należy się spodziewać wzrostu produkcji kruszyw łupkoporytowych, a także zużycia łupka surowego do produkcji cementu i ceramiki budowlanej. Dalszy wzrost jest natomiast możliwy w przypadku odzysku węgla z prowadzoną równolegle produkcją kruszyw z su- rowych odpadów powęglowych. Tym niemniej nie należy się spodziewać, że wszystkie wytworzone na tej drodze kruszywa znajdą zastosowanie gospodarcze, nawet na nasypy drogowe i obwałowania rzek w bliskim sąsiedztwie zakładów.
Waste from the cement industry – a Component of Sealing grouts
Authors: Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja , Łyko Paulina
Published: December 2014

Streszczenie

Pył cementowy jest odpadem z procesu produkcji cementu. Część powstałych w trakcie produkcji cementu pyłów trafia do powtórnego wykorzystania w procesie, jednak pod warunkiem, że nie zawierają one składników mogących obniżyć jakość końcowego produktu. Z uwagi na znaczny udział tlenku wapnia, pyły mogą być stosowane także w ochronie środowiska do: neutralizacji kwaśnych ścieków, stabilizacji i nawożenia gleb czy do unieszkodliwiania osadów ściekowych. Jednym z kie- runków gospodarczego wykorzystania tego typu odpadów jest stosowanie ich jako dodatków do zaczynów iniekcyjnych.

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych badań świeżych i stwardniałych zawiesin wykonanych na bazie pyłu cementowego oraz popiołu fluidalnego ze spalania węgla kamiennego w aspekcie za- stosowania ich jako materiału do sporządzania zaczynów iniekcyjnych. Badaniom poddano zaczyny sporządzone z popiołów fluidalnych z wprowadzonymi pyłami cementowymi w ilości: 25,50 i 57%.

Wprowadzenie pyłów cementowych do zaczynów sporządzonych z popiołów fluidalnych wpły- nęło na ich podstawowe parametry technologiczne poprzez: wzrost rozlewności, wydłużenie początku i końca czasu wiązania oraz wzrost wytrzymałości.

Badane zaczyny charakteryzują się podobnymi składami fazowymi, jednak dodatek pyłów spo- wodował pojawienie się fezy 3CaO · AI2O3 · CaCl2 · 10H2O oraz K.C1.

Przeprowadzone oznaczanie wymywalności wykazało, że badane zaczyny nie spełniają wymagań normy PN-G-11011:1998 Górnictwo - Materiały do podsadzki zestalanej i doszczelniania zrobów - Wymagania i badania w zakresie wymagań dla pH oraz zawartości chlorków po dodaniu 50 i 75% pyłów.
Liking goes from the perceiver’s self-interest, but respect is socially shared
Authors: Baryła Wiesław
Published: December 2014

Liking and respect are postulated as two dimensions of interpersonal attitudes. Liking-disliking is an idiosyncratic response which depends mostly on how target persons influence interests and well-being of the attitude holder and is accompanied by beliefs in their communal traits. Respect-disrespect is a socially shared response which depends mostly on the social status of target persons and is accompanied by beliefs in their agency. This Self-interest /Status Model (SSM) of differences between liking and respect was tested in two studies. It was predicted and found that respect responses (and underlying judgments of agentic traits) are socially shared to higher extent than liking responses (and underlying judgments of communal traits).
Impact of Conflict Resolution Strategies on Perception of Agency, Communion and Power Roles Evaluation
Authors: Cisłak Aleksandra
Published: December 2014

Two experiments probed the role of strategies used in social conflicts on perception of agency and communion. In study 1, persons who revealed prosocial orientation were perceived as less agentic, but more communal than those who revealed competitive orientation. In study 2 these findings were replicated in the context of organizational conflict, those who decided to use confrontational strategies were also perceived as more agentic, although less communal than these who used cooperative strategies. In line with the theory of power effects on objectification of social targets, the perceived agency and communion were differently linked to superior’s and subordinate’s evaluation. While perceived agency predicted the subordinate’s evaluation, perceived communion predicted superior’s evaluation, but not the other way round. Moreover, perception of communion (but not agency) mediated the negative effect of confrontational strategies on supervisor’s evaluation. On the other hand, perceived agency suppressed the effect of strategies on subordinate’s evaluation.
Whether you are smart or kind depends on how I feel: The influence of positive and negative mood on agency and communion perception
Authors: Szymkow Aleksandra
Published: December 2014

Feelings-as-information theory states that feelings inform us about the nature of our current situation and we rely on them to make our judgments. Beyond that, feelings tune our cognitive processes to meet situational requirements. Positive feelings result in relying on pre-existing knowledge structures and default strategies, whereas negative feelings hamper relying on routines and results in adapting systematic processing. Based on this premise, it was hypothesized that positive mood, elicited either by the perceived target or by the independent source, would lead to relying on accessible agentic or communal content in perceiving strangers, as well as familiar others, whereas negative mood would weaken these tendencies. Specifically, the three studies showed initial evidence that (a) positive mood leads to focusing on agencyrelated qualities in perception of unknown men to a greater extent than negative mood, (b) positive mood leads to focusing on communion-related qualities in perception of unknown women more than negative mood, and(c) positive mood leads to relying on communal content in perception of familiar others comparing to negative mood.
The mystery of communion in narcissism: The success-as-a-flaw effect
Authors: Drat-Ruszczak Krystyna , Bazińska Róża , Niemyjska Aleksandra
Published: December 2014

In the present paper we consider the specific relationship between communal and agentic functioning of narcissistic individuals. The study was aimed to test whether narcissist’s aggression is due to not only negative information about their agency but also positive information about their communion. Whereas the first effect is well- documented in empirical studies, the second effect has been revealed in our prior research. The results of the present study confirmed both effects: negative information about one’s agency increased aggressive tendencies (operationalized as a display of demeaning behavior) and decreased state self-esteem, while positive information about one’s communion resulted only in displaced aggression. The aggressive response to positive communal information is discussed as the success-as-aflaw effect, which we mean as inverse of the failure-as-an asset effect. According to the success-as-a-flaw effect, positive outcomes in the communal domain, considered by narcissists to be an evidence of low-status, are threatening for the grandiose self, based on the domain of agency. The social cognitive and clinical approach is employed to interpret these results.
Distraction of attention with the use of virtual reality. Influence of the level of game complexity on the level of experienced pain
Authors: Piskorz Joanna , Czub Marcin
Published: December 2014

: Research done in recent years shows that Virtual Reality (VR) can be an effective tool for distracting attention from pain. The purpose of this study was to test how the complexity of Virtual Environment (VE) influences the experienced intensity of thermal pain stimuli.

A within-subjects design experiment was conducted, using cold pressor test for pain stimulation. Research was done on 31 students of Wroclaw Universities. Participants played games created for the purpose of the study, using head mounted displays and movement sensors. Two Virtual Environments differing in the level of complexity and non-VR control condition were used. The order of all conditions was counterbalanced.

Participants reported significantly lower pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale) after playing the high complexity game, compared to the low complexity game. There were also significant differences between non-VR control condition and high complexity game, but not between non-VR and low complexity game. The pain tolerance (measured by time of keeping the hand in cold water) was significantly higher in both VR conditions comparing to non-VR conditions. However, no significant differences between VE’s were found in pain tolerance ratings. Results of this study provide preliminary evidence that game complexity can be related to pain experience during VR interventions.
Construct Validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in Participants With Tendon Injury and Dupuytren Disease
Authors: van de Ven-Stevens Lucelle A.W. , Graff Maud J.L. , Peters Marlijn A.M. , van der Linde Harmen , Geurts Alexander C.H.
Published: December 2014

Background

In patient-centered practice, instruments need to assess outcomes that are meaningful to patients with hand conditions. It is unclear which assessment tools address these subjective perspectives best.

Objective

The aim of this study was to establish the construct validity of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in relation to the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) in people with hand conditions. It was hypothesized that COPM scores would correlate with DASH and MHQ total scores only to a moderate degree and that the COPM, DASH questionnaire, and MHQ would all correlate weakly with measures of hand impairments.

Design

This was a validation study.

Methods

The COPM, DASH questionnaire, and MHQ were scored, and then hand impairments were measured (pain [numerical rating scale], active range of motion [goniometer], grip strength [dynamometer], and pinch grip strength [pinch meter]). People who had received postsurgery rehabilitation for flexor tendon injuries, extensor tendon injuries, or Dupuytren disease were eligible.

Results

Seventy-two participants were included. For all diagnosis groups, the Pearson coefficient of correlation between the DASH questionnaire and the MHQ was higher than .60, whereas the correlation between the performance scale of the COPM and either the DASH questionnaire or the MHQ was lower than .51. Correlations of these assessment tools with measures of hand impairments were lower than .46.

Limitations

The small sample sizes may limit the generalization of the results.

Conclusions

The results supported the hypotheses and, thus, the construct validity of the COPM after surgery in people with hand conditions.
Foundations as Promoters of Life Science Start-ups
Authors: Vonmont Pascale
Published: December 2014

Because private foundations have only modest financial resources compared to public and private-sector research funding, the only way in which foundations can play a key role is in the initial and risk financing of gap areas. This is generally in what is known as the 'valley of death',
but even there an additional focus is needed. One promising field is the very early-stage support for high-risk but high-potential business cases in order to increase the number of start-ups, not only but very often in the field of life sciences. The pre-seed fund venture kick, an initiative
by private foundations, is a good example of success. There is still a gap in the innovation chain in Switzerland from the first research results to becoming a successful life science company. However, for the first time promising solutions are on the way, and here too, foundations can play
an important role.
Foodborne hepatitis A outbreak associated with bakery products in northern Germany, 2012
Authors: Harries M , Monazahian M , Wenzel J , Jilg W , Weber M , Ehlers J , Dreesman J , Mertens E
Published: December 2014

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Presshärten: Schnelle und homogene Stahlplatinenerwärmung mit Hilfe der Induktionstechnik
Authors: Todzy T. , Wortberg D. , Engel B. , Weyrich M.
Published: December 2014

Kurzfassung

Für den Bau leichter Fahrzeuge hat sich das Presshärten von Stahlblechen in den vergangenen Jahren hin zu einer wichtigen Fertigungstechnologie entwickelt. Bei dieser Technologie werden Stahlplatinen vor dem Presshärten in langen Durchlauföfen erwärmt. Eine Möglichkeit zur Steigerung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Prozesses sind alternative Methoden zur Erwärmung der Platinen. Ein Ansatz ist die Verkürzung der Erwärmdauern mit Hilfe der Induktionstechnik. Dabei ergeben sich verfahrensbedingt deutliche Unterschiede zur Ofenerwärmung, insbesondere was die erzielbare Temperaturhomogenität betrifft. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden dazu Erwärmversuche mit verschiedenen Induktortypen durchgeführt und miteinander verglichen. Die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Induktorgeometrien und der entsprechenden Einflussgrößen werden abgeleitet und unter Zuhilfenahme der numerischen Simulation bewertet. Basierend darauf werden mögliche Grenzen der induktiven Erwärmung aufgezeigt.
Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction Stress Analysis during Laser Surface Hardening of Steel
Authors: Kostov V. , Gibmeier J. , Wanner A.
Published: December 2014

The time- and temperature-dependent phase specific stress evolution, the residual stress distribution as well as the resulting microstructure of the heat treatable steel AISI 4140, generated by laser surface hardening was investigated. Using a measuring approach presented in [1] fast in-situ synchrotron X-ray stress analysis with sampling rates up to 10 Hz were carried out during laser surface hardening. Tests were carried out with maximum process temperatures of 850 °C, 1150 °C and 1300 °C. The results show that compressive stresses are induced inside the laser spot during the heating-up step. During the subsequent self-quenching step, these compressive stresses are reduced and tensile stresses develop. As martensite transformation starts, the tendency is reversed again and finally compressive residual stresses are obtained at room temperature. The in-situ stress analyses give a deep insight into the stress evolutions for the three maximum process temperatures. Results also show that, the higher the maximum process temperature, the smaller are the resulting compressive residual stresses.
Numerische Berechnung einer integrierten Wärmebehandlung für das Gleitziehbiegen von Profilen und die experimentelle Umsetzung
Authors: Behrens B.-A. , Bouguecha A. , Jeske M. , Moritz J. , Vucetic M. , Matthias T.
Published: December 2014

Kurzfassung

Mithilfe des Umformverfahrens Gleitziehbiegen lässt sich eine sehr große Bandbreite von Profilbauteilen mit variablen Querschnitten unter Nutzung einer Umformanlage und eines Werkzeugsatzes herstellen. Eine lokale Wärmebehandlung kann bei gleichbleibendem Bauteilgewicht zu einer partiellen Erhöhung der Festigkeit in den entsprechenden Bauteilbereichen genutzt werden. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen wird die prinzipielle Machbarkeit der Festigkeitssteigerung von Profilen experimentell und numerisch aufgezeigt. Nach der simulationsgestützten Auslegung des Gleitziehbiegeprozesses mit einer integrierten Wärmebehandlung wird die Versuchseinrichtung vorgestellt. Mithilfe der Finite-Element (FE)-Berechnungen des gesamten Verfahrensablaufs konnten Informationen bezüglich der Prozessparameter und geeigneter Erwärm- und Abkühlstrategien geliefert werden. Diese wurden in der Auslegungs- und Konstruktionsphase des Versuchsaufbaus genutzt. Abschließend wurde der numerisch ausgelegte Prozess umgesetzt und so die Ergebnisse der Simulation validiert.
Spray-Formed Bearing Steel with High Oxide Cleanliness and Small and Fine Dispersed Inclusions*
Authors: Schulz A. , Trojahn W. , Meyer C. , Uhlenwinkel V.
Published: December 2014

Rolling contact bearings belong to the most highly-stressed components in mechanical engineering. This demands high quality of the bearing steels, especially high-fatigue strength. Today bearing steels are produced by ingot casting or continuous casting. The premium quality is achieved by refining technologies, e. g. vacuum-arc remelting. In this point spray forming opens up another promising technology. Billets and rings from the bearing steel 100CrMnMoSi8-4-6 (W7) have been spray-formed on a laboratory plant with weight up to 80 kg and were analyzed. The spray-formed materials were hot-worked to round bars and rings. Microstructure, the size and distribution of inclusions and the chemical composition were analyzed. Rolling-contact fatigue tests and rotary-bending tests were performed. The results are compared with standard bearing steels. Core porosity of the spray-formed billets is low but because of increased rim porosity this material must be removed to avoid cracking during hot working. Hot working is required to close inner porosity. Rings could be ring-rolled immediately. The cleanliness is much better than typical for high quality conventional bearing steel of similar composition. Despite low degree of deformation no carbide network and no carbide stringers are visible. In the rolling-fatigue tests spray-formed W7 during hot working reaches similar values as a conventionally variant. Thus, beside reduced size of inclusions the removal of residual porosity is the dominating factor on enhanced fatigue resistance of spray-formed bearing steel.
Zerstörungsfreie Eigenspannungsanalyse von Stahlwellen nach unterschiedlichen Prozessschritten vom Drahtziehen zum Induktionshärten*
Authors: Dong J. , Epp J. , da Silva Rocha A. , Nunes R. M. , Zoch H.-W. , Wimpory R.
Published: December 2014

Kurzfassung

Eine Prozesskette für die Herstellung von Maschinenbauteilen besteht im Allgemeinen aus mehreren Prozessschritten, wie z. B. Stranggießen, Warmwalzen, Glühen, Richten, Drahtziehen, Richten und Polieren, spanende Bearbeitung, Induktionshärten und Schleifen. Verzug wird häufig nach der finalen Wärmebehandlung beobachtet. Verantwortlich dafür ist nicht nur das Härten, sondern auch die Vorgeschichte der Prozesskette. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden einige wesentliche Schritte einer Prozesskette experimentell untersucht und die Eigenspannungsverteilungen als wesentliche Verzugspotenzialträger mit Neutronenstrahlung über den gesamten Querschnitt der Zylinder zerstörungsfrei analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nach dem Richten der entrollten Drähte unsymmetrische Eigenspannungsverteilungen über den Querschnitt vorliegen. Das Kaltdrahtziehen führt zu hohen Zugeigenspannungen an der Oberfläche in radialer und tangentialer Richtung, während im Kern vor allem Druckeigenspannungen in axialer Richtung vorliegen. Der anschließende Schritt – Schrägwalzen-Richten (SWR) – führt zu einer Reduktion der Eigenspannungen. Das finale induktive Härten verändert die Eigenspannungszustände in Abhängigkeit der Prozessbedingungen wieder sehr stark. Die Einflüsse der untersuchten Prozessschritte auf die Eigenspannungszustände werden schließlich in Verbindung mit den auftretenden Verzügen diskutiert.
Fuel Economy of Ecodriving Programs
Authors: Abuzo Anabel A. , Muromachi Yasunori
Published: December 2014

Ecodriving is primarily a driving technique designed to improve fuel economy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions to the environment. This study assessed the effectiveness of ecodriving programs for application in real-world settings in developing countries vis-à-vis its application in developed countries. This study investigated the effects of an ecodriving program on 30 candidate drivers in Manila, Philippines, and 27 candidate drivers in Tokyo. As a prerequisite, candidate drivers were selected to include only those owning vehicles with compatible onboard diagnostics for the fuel meter and GPS equipment. The drivers were then subjected to 2 weeks of monitoring for the collection of real-world driving data, data from the day of training on ecodriving, and data from a questionnaire asking about the drivers’ characteristics. Analysis of the data focused on driver and vehicle parameters. Statistical evaluation examined the outcomes for the parameters before and after the training and also measured the effectiveness of the ecodriving program. The study compared the outcomes of the training and real-world driving operations by the drivers. The study demonstrated that the ecodriving programs significantly affected the driving performance of the drivers both on the training day and in real-world driving cases and that the programs improved the fuel economy values for the Manila as well as the Tokyo drivers. Although the fuel economy improvements during the training day and in real-world driving operations were not related, these improvements were related to some of the drivers’ characteristics.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Urban Congestion
Authors: Eisele William L. , Fossett Tyler , Schrank David L. , Farzaneh Mohamadreza , Meier Paul J. , Williams Scott P.
Published: December 2014

The Texas A&M Transportation Institute's Urban Mobility Report (UMR) is acknowledged to be the most authoritative source of information about traffic congestion and its possible solutions. As policy makers from the local to national levels devise strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the level of interest in the environmental impact of urban congestion has increased. To this end, the researchers developed and applied a methodology to determine carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused by congestion for inclusion in the UMR. The methodology also estimated fuel consumption on the basis of the CO2 emissions estimates. The researchers developed a five-step methodology with data from three primary data sources: (a) FHWA's Highway Performance Monitoring System, (b) INRIX traffic speed data, and (c) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator model. Results were intuitive and reasonable when emission rates (pounds of CO2 per mile) were compared with the emissions inventories in selected cities. The researchers incorporated the new methodology for all urban areas into the 2012 UMR and plan to include the same measures in future releases of the report. The researchers reported that, in 2011, 56 billion pounds of additional CO2 were produced in all 498 urban areas during congestion only; this amount equated to 2.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel. The amount of CO2 produced under free-flow conditions (i.e., absent congestion) was 1.8 trillion pounds in 2011 in all 498 urban areas.
Main thoracic curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: association of higher rod stiffness and concave-side pedicle screw density with improvement in sagittal thoracic kyphosis restoration
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Zemin , Li Sibei , Zhang Kuibo , Yang Hao , Wang Jianru , Li Xiang , Zheng Zhaomin
Published: December 2014

OBJECT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rod stiffness and implant density on coronal and sagittal plane correction in patients with main thoracic curve adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective study of 77 consecutive cases involving 56 female and 21 male patients with Lenke Type 1 main thoracic curve AIS who underwent single-stage posterior correction and instrumented spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation between July 2009 and July 2012. The patients' mean age at surgery was 15.79 ± 3.21 years. All patients had at least 1 year of follow-up. Radiological parameters in the coronal and sagittal planes, including Cobb angle of the major curve, side-bending Cobb angle of the major curve, thoracic kyphosis (TK), correction rates, and screw density, were measured and analyzed. Screw densities (calculated as number of screws per fusion segment × 2) of < 0.60 and ≥ 0.60 were defined as low and high density, respectively. Titanium rods of 5.5 mm and 6.35 mm diameter were defined as low and high stiffness, respectively. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the type of rod and density of screw placement that had been used: Group A, low-stiffness rod with low density of screw placement; Group B, low-stiffness rod with high density of screw placement; Group C, high-stiffness rod with low density of screw placement; Group D, high-stiffness rod with high density of screw placement.

RESULTS

The mean coronal correction rate of the major curve, for all 77 patients, was (81.45% ± 7.51%), and no significant difference was found among the 4 groups (p > 0.05). Regarding sagittal plane correction, Group A showed a significant decrease in TK after surgery (p < 0.05), while Group D showed a significant increase (p < 0.05); Group B and C showed no significant postoperative changes in TK (p > 0.05). The TK restoration rate was highest in Group D and lowest in Group A (A, −39.32% ± 7.65%; B, −0.37% ± 8.25%; C, −4.04% ± 6.77%; D, 37.59% ± 8.53%). Screw density on the concave side was significantly higher than that on the convex side in all the groups (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

For flexible main thoracic curve AIS, both rods with high stiffness and those with low stiffness combined with high or low screw density could provide effective correction in the coronal plane; rods with high stiffness along with high screw density on the concave side could provide better outcome with respect to sagittal TK restoration.
A Modern Approach to Disinfection, as Old as the Evolution of Vertebrates
Authors: Migliarina Franco , Ferro Sergio
Published: December 2014

The immune system of vertebrates “naturally” produces hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to fight against bacteria and pathogens. A patented electrochemical technology mirrors the above defense system, allowing the synthesis of HOCl solutions through the electrolysis of water enriched in salts, at the level of a few grams per liter. The system allows for the careful control of the pH of produced solutions, with consequent optimization of their activity. Once the HOCl is introduced into the water system; it is able to remove the biofilm from pipe network; significantly decreasing the level of Legionella colonization; within 8–10 weeks from the beginning of the disinfection approach. The technology has been applied in a variety of healthcare facilities, both in Italy and in neighboring European countries. In the present paper, two successful case studies are briefly presented: Data were obtained from experiences in two different healthcare facilities, one in Italy and the other in Germany. Destruction of biofilm was indirectly testified by an increase of total organic carbon content of water; as a consequence, and because of the dosing of the disinfecting agent, some μg/L of total halomethanes were also formed. However, both compositional features were only observed during the initial stages of the disinfection treatment.