bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Griechische Geschichte
Authors: Beloch Julius
Published: July 2013

Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The first part of Volume 2 focuses on political, economic and cultural phenomena from the time of the Sophists until the Peloponnesian War.
Griechische Geschichte
Authors: Beloch Julius
Published: July 2013

Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The second part of Volume 2 includes chronological accounts of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars and looks also at particular battles.
Griechische Geschichte
Authors: Beloch Julius
Published: July 2013

Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The first part of Volume 3 covers the period after Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian War until Alexander the Great's conquest of Asia, revealing impacts on science, culture and social structures.
Griechische Geschichte
Authors: Beloch Julius
Published: July 2013

Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The second part of Volume 3 assesses the reigns of certain rulers and kings, and also evaluates social structures, in the time before Alexander the Great's conquest of Asia.
Griechische Geschichte
Authors: Beloch Julius
Published: July 2013

Educated at Palermo, Rome and Heidelberg, the classical and economic historian Karl Julius Beloch (1845–1929) lived most of his life in Italy, becoming a professor extraordinarius of ancient history at the University of Rome in 1879. German scholars, notably Theodor Mommsen, criticised Beloch's work for his scepticism towards traditional material and his more subjective approach. In addition to important work on ancient demography, he produced this controversial yet influential opus, revised and published in four volumes between 1912 and 1927, in which he questions conventional views on Greek history. Each volume in its first part outlines historical events and in the second part goes into greater detail, emphasising Beloch's unique perspective. The second part of Volume 4 provides information on the genealogies and calendar systems of different Greek peoples during the period of Hellenistic civilisation and includes maps to illustrate geographical developments.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Authors: Rossetti Dante Gabriel
Published: July 2013

The Rossettis were one of the most remarkable and talented families in Victorian Britain. Of the two parents and three siblings, Dante Gabriel (1828–82) and Christina (1830–94) stood out, but throughout their lives they remained a tightly-knit unit. William Michael (1829–1919), who published this two-volume work in 1895, was the family record keeper and in the memoir of his brother we have an unmatched account of the family dynamic. He was not always candid about his brother's affairs but his biography is unparalleled for its fresh directness. Unlike all subsequent biographers, William wrote from the inside, and even if he was unable to tell the whole story, the intimate details of the day-to-day life of the great painter and poet have about them the ring of truth and authenticity. Volume 2 contains hundreds of Dante's letters to his family, with helpful explanatory notes by William.
Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts Preserved in the University Library, Cambridge
Authors: Schiller-Szinessy Salomon Marcus
Published: July 2013

This catalogue, prepared in two parts between 1876 and 1878 and reissued here in one volume, analyses ninety-eight Hebrew manuscripts held at Cambridge University Library. Wonderfully discursive, lively and opinionated, it is the crowning achievement of Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy (1820–90), the first Jewish scholar appointed by Cambridge to teach Talmudic and Rabbinic literature. Assessing not only the contents of the manuscripts, the work also examines their ownership, scribal marks and marginalia, authorship and textual traditions. The first part analyses seventy-two biblical scrolls, codices and commentaries, including thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Sefardi Bibles and outstanding editions of commentaries by Abraham ibn Ezra and Rashi, along with lesser-known but significant commentators. The second part, which was never formally published, examines a further twenty-six rabbinic manuscripts, including the famous Cambridge Mishnah - one of only three complete Mishnaic manuscripts.
Twenty-Five Years of Detective Life
Authors: Caminada Jerome
Published: July 2013

An inspiration behind Sherlock Holmes, Jerome Caminada (1844–1914) was probably the most well-known detective in late Victorian England. Living in Manchester his whole life, he grew up in Deansgate, notorious for its brothels and beerhouses. He joined the police in 1868 and later became Manchester's first detective superintendent. Known for his unorthodox, eccentric methods, he regularly donned disguises and once hid inside a grand piano in order to catch a thief. Despite being responsible for imprisoning over 1,000 criminals, Caminada was perhaps progressive in his belief that punishment 'strengthens evil propensities, prevents repentance and renders reform impossible'. Peopled with characters such as 'Cabbage Ann', 'Bodger' and 'One Armed Kitty', this autobiography, first published in 1895, paints an extremely vivid picture of a seedy, dilapidated and dangerous Victorian city and its criminal underworld.
The Impact of Campaign Finance Laws on Party Competition
Authors: Potter Joshua D. , Tavits Margit
Published: July 2013

The comparative literature on party systems has convincingly demonstrated that electoral rules, social cleavages and their interaction can explain much of the cross-national variation in the size of party systems. This literature, however, has thus far ignored campaign finance laws. This article argues that various campaign finance laws exert more or less restrictive pressures on party competition. It develops a new theoretical concept, fund parity. The study demonstrates the positive relationship between fund parity and party system size and employs additional tests to supplement the regression analysis in order to account for potential endogeneity issues. The findings underscore an intuitive – but heretofore untested – relationship: increasing parity makes party competition more permissive and increases the size of the party system.
REGULATING FALLIBILITY IN REGISTERED LAND TITLES
Authors: Cooper Simon
Published: July 2013

This paper explores the circumstances in which a change in the land register should be stigmatised as a mistake and thereby introduce the discretionary power to correct it. Recognising the importance of clarifying the concept of mistake, due to its role in controlling the reliability of the register, the paper reviews and rejects various possible determinants for mistake. It proposes an account of mistake which rests on a set of rigid legal constructs about entitlement and registration and which pays respect to various traditional attributes of property.
Physiological response of temperate microphytobenthos to freezing temperatures
Authors: Lee Shi Hong , McMinn Andrew
Published: July 2013

Microphytobenthos (MPB) contributes up to half the primary production of estuaries. These microorganisms are sensitive to changes in sediment temperatures, particularly the extreme temperatures during exposure periods. This study investigates the physiological responses of MPB to freezing temperatures at two locations near Hobart, Tasmania during winter. Photosynthetic parameters were measured at 2 mm intervals to a depth of 10 mm. FV/FM values at three different distances from the shoreline at Kings Beach and Browns River in winter were between 0.584 and 0.617. rETRmax values were between 24.696 and 20.773. Maximum α values peaked in the subsurface rather than at the sediment surface.In vitrolaboratory experiments (down to −5°C) showed little difference in response between the control and treatment groups, indicating no apparent effects of short term freezing on the MPB. Little change in photosynthetic parameters in response to freezing was probably associated with the resistance of light-harvesting reactions to freezing temperatures, recovery of the plasmalemma integrity or cryoprotection. Sediment composition and species composition were similar at both sampling sites. Therefore, responses of MPB were not due to species and grain size composition.
Study of the fatty acid composition of Artemia salina cysts from Tunisia
Authors: Ben Naceur Hachem , Ghazali Nabila , Ben Rejeb Jenhani Amel , Romdhane Mohamed Salah
Published: July 2013

In the present study, decapsulated cysts from eleven Tunisian Artemia salina populations were analysed for their fatty acid profile. Results showed that palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1n-7), stearic (18:0), cis-vaccenic (18:1n-7), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), linolenic (18:3n-3) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) were the major fatty acids. The ratio of C16:0/C16:1 fatty acids fluctuated between 0.8 and 3.8. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) was absent or found in trace (<0.2%) and arachidonic acids (20:4n-6) was found in higher quantity in all marine-type cysts than in freshwater-type cysts samples. Furthermore, based on the fatty acid profile of the studied Artemia salina populations, we can concluded that Sijoumi, Sahline, Bekalta, Mcheguig and El Adhibet strains could be ascribed to marine-type Artemia, whereas the population from Moknine, Sidi El Hani, Sfax, El Melah, Zarzis and Mhabeul could be categorized as freshwater-type. Principal components analysis showed that palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and C16:0/C16:1 ratio are the most important fatty acids variable between cysts samples, with a total contribution of 68.73% relatively to the first component, whereas, for the second component, palmitic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acid, are the most important variables, with a total contribution of 56.25%. Moreover, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and C16:0/C16:1 ratio are the most important fatty acids which contribute to the discrimination between freshwater and marine-type Artemia; while palmitic acid, cis-vaccenic acid and oleic acids represent the major fatty acids permitting differentiation between strains from the same Artemia type, especially for freshwater-type Artemia.
Biological threats and environmental pollutants, a lethal mixture for mediterranean cetaceans?
Authors: Lauriano Giancarlo , Di Guardo Giovanni , Marsili Letizia , Maltese Silvia , Fossi Maria Cristina
Published: July 2013

The possible existence of any cause–effect relationships between the concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) and the presence ofMorbillivirusandToxoplasma gondiiinfections was investigated in both free-living and stranded specimens ofStenella coeruleoalba,Tursiops truncatus,Globicephala melas,Balaenoptera physalusandPhyseter macrocephalusfrom the Mediterranean Sea. High blubber concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were recorded in free-rangingG. melas. Tissue concentrations of PCBs and DDT in strandedT. truncatus(367 lipid weight (l.w.) and 143.7 mg/kg l.w., respectively) andS. coeruleoalba(139.9 l.w.; 92.9 mg/kg l.w.) were beyond the PCB threshold value for the appearance of adverse effects in marine mammals. Evidence ofT. gondiiinfection was molecularly detected in threeS. coeruleoalbaand sixT. truncatus.
Advances in the investigation of shock-induced reflectivity of porous carbon
Authors: Batani Dimitri , Paleari Stefano , Vinci Tommaso , Benocci Roberto , Shigemori Keisuke , Hironaka Yoichiro , Kadono Toshihiko , Shiroshita Akiyuki
Published: July 2013

We studied the behavior of porous carbon compressed by laser-generated shock waves. In particular, we developed a new design for targets, optimized for the investigation of carbon reflectivity at hundred-GPa pressures and eV/k temperatures. Specially designed “two-layer-two materials” targets, comprising porous carbon on transparent substrates, allowed the probing of carbon reflectivity and a quite accurate determination of the position in the P, T plane. This was achieved by the simultaneous measurement of shock breakout times, sample temperature (by optical pyrometry) and uid velocity. The experiments proved the new scheme is reliable and appropriate for reflectivity measurements of thermodynamical states lying out of the standard graphite or diamond hugoniot. An increase of reflectivity in carbon has been observed at 260 GPa and 14,000 K while no increase in reflectivity is found at 200 GPa and 20,000 K. We also discuss the role of numerical simulations in the optimization of target parameters and in clarifying shock dynamics.
Free Flow–Efficiency of a One-way Traffic Lane between two Pylons
Authors: Jensen Toke Koldborg , Hansen Martin Gamborg , Lehn-Schiøler Tue , Melchild Kristina , Rasmussen Finn Mølsted , Ennemark Finn
Published: July 2013

Ships navigate freely when in the open sea, but their freedom of movement is reduced in areas with intense traffic, restricted draught or obstacles. In such cases, a traffic separation scheme (TSS) can be established to guide the ship traffic. This paper is based on work performed in connection with a proposed bridge across Fehmarnbelt between Denmark and Germany, and the purpose is to estimate the efficiency of a TSS guiding traffic through the main bridge openings. The efficiency in terms of getting the traffic through the traffic lanes without the TSS hindering traffic flow is an important decision parameter in the bridge design process. In this paper, we present a new “free flow” paradigm based on an innovative, dynamic application of the ship domain theory.
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Response Selection Predicts Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Woodward Neil D. , Duffy Brittney , Karbasforoushan Haleh
Published: July 2013

Processing speed is the most impaired neuropsychological domain in schizophrenia and a robust predictor of functional outcome. Determining the specific cognitive operations underlying processing speed dysfunction and identifying their neural correlates may assist in developing pro-cognitive interventions. Response selection, the process of mapping stimuli onto motor responses, correlates with neuropsychological tests of processing speed and may contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between behavioral and neural measures of response selection, and a neuropsychological index of processing speed in schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during performance of two- and four-choice reaction time (RT) tasks and completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS) Processing Speed Index (PSI). Response selection, defined as RT slowing between two- and four-choice RT, was impaired in schizophrenia and correlated with psychometric processing speed. Greater activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) was observed in schizophrenia and correlated with poorer WAIS PSI scores. Deficient response selection and abnormal recruitment of the dorsolateral PFC during response selection contribute to processing speed impairment in schizophrenia. Interventions that improve response selection and normalize dorsolateral PFC function may improve processing speed in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
The Origin of Long-Period Lattice Spacings Observed in Iron-Carbide Nanowires Encapsulated by Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Boi Filippo S. , Mountjoy Gavin , Luklinska Zofia , Spillane Liam , Karlsson Lisa S. , Wilson Rory M. , Corrias Anna , Baxendale Mark
Published: July 2013

Structures comprising single-crystal, iron-carbon-based nanowires encapsulated by multiwall carbon nanotubes self-organize on inert substrates exposed to the products of ferrocene pyrolysis at high temperature. The most commonly observed encapsulated phases are Fe3C, α-Fe, and γ-Fe. The observation of anomalously long-period lattice spacings in these nanowires has caused confusion since reflections from lattice spacings of ≥0.4 nm are kinematically forbidden for Fe3C, most of the rarely observed, less stable carbides, α-Fe, and γ-Fe. Through high-resolution electron microscopy, selective area electron diffraction, and electron energy loss spectroscopy we demonstrate that the observed long-period lattice spacings of 0.49, 0.66, and 0.44 nm correspond to reflections from the (100), (010), and (001) planes of orthorhombic Fe3C (space group Pnma). Observation of these forbidden reflections results from dynamic scattering of the incident beam as first observed in bulk Fe3C crystals. With small amounts of beam tilt these reflections can have significant intensities for crystals containing glide planes such as Fe3C with space groups Pnma or Pbmn.
Clathrin Heavy Chain 1 is Required for Spindle Assembly and Chromosome Congression in Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Zhao Jie , Wang Lu , Zhou Hong-Xia , Liu Li , Lu Angeleem , Li Guang-Peng , Schatten Heide , Liang Cheng-Guang
Published: July 2013

Clathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC) has been considered a “moonlighting protein” which acts in membrane trafficking during interphase and in stabilizing spindle fibers during mitosis. However, its roles in meiosis, especially in mammalian oocyte maturation, remain unclear. This study investigated CLTC expression and function in spindle formation and chromosome congression during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results showed that the expression level of CLTC increased after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and peaked in the M phase. Immunostaining results showed CLTC distribution throughout the cytoplasm in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Appearance and disappearance of CLTC along with β-tubulin (TUBB) could be observed during spindle dynamic changes. To explore the relationship between CLTC and microtubule dynamics, oocytes at metaphase were treated with taxol or nocodazole. CLTC colocalized with TUBB at the enlarged spindle and with cytoplasmic asters after taxol treatment; it disassembled and distributed into the cytoplasm along with TUBB after nocodazole treatment. Disruption of CLTC function using stealth siRNA caused a decreased first polar body extrusion rate and extensive spindle formation and chromosome congression defects. Taken together, these results show that CLTC plays an important role in spindle assembly and chromosome congression through a microtubule correlation mechanism during mouse oocyte maturation.
Insulin/IGF‐1‐mediated longevity is marked by reduced protein metabolism
Authors: Stout Gerdine J , Stigter Edwin C A , Essers Paul B , Mulder Klaas W , Kolkman Annemieke , Snijders Dorien S , van den Broek Niels J F , Betist Marco C , Korswagen Hendrik C , MacInnes Alyson W , Brenkman Arjan B
Published: July 2013

Mutations in the daf‐2 gene of the conserved Insulin/Insulin‐like Growth Factor (IGF‐1) pathway double the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This phenotype is completely suppressed by deletion of Forkhead transcription factor daf‐16. To uncover regulatory mechanisms coordinating this extension of life, we employed a quantitative proteomics strategy with daf‐2 mutants in comparison with N2 and daf‐16; daf‐2 double mutants. This revealed a remarkable longevity‐specific decrease in proteins involved in mRNA processing and transport, the translational machinery, and protein metabolism. Correspondingly, the daf‐2 mutants display lower amounts of mRNA and 20S proteasome activity, despite maintaining total protein levels equal to that observed in wild types. Polyribosome profiling in the daf‐2 and daf‐16;daf‐2 double mutants confirmed a daf‐16‐dependent reduction in overall translation, a phenotype reminiscent of Dietary Restriction‐mediated longevity, which was independent of germline activity. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knockdown of proteins identified by our approach resulted in modified C. elegans lifespan confirming the importance of these processes in Insulin/IGF‐1‐mediated longevity. Together, the results demonstrate a role for the metabolism of proteins in the Insulin/IGF‐1‐mediated extension of life.
DNA Methylation Regulated Nucleosome Dynamics
Authors: Jimenez-Useche Isabel , Ke Jiaying , Tian Yuqing , Shim Daphne , Howell Steven C. , Qiu Xiangyun , Yuan Chongli
Published: July 2013

A strong correlation between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation patterns has been reported in literature. However, the mechanistic model accounting for the correlation remains elusive. In this study, we evaluated the effects of specific DNA methylation patterns on modulating nucleosome conformation and stability using FRET and SAXS. CpG dinucleotide repeats at 10 bp intervals were found to play different roles in nucleosome stability dependent on their methylation states and their relative nucleosomal locations. An additional (CpG)5 stretch located in the nucleosomal central dyad does not alter the nucleosome conformation, but significant conformational differences were observed between the unmethylated and methylated nucleosomes. These findings suggest that the correlation between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation patterns can arise from the variations in nucleosome stability dependent on their sequence and epigenetic content. This knowledge will help to reveal the detailed role of DNA methylation in regulating chromatin packaging and gene transcription.
Factors That Influence Fast Mapping in Children Exposed to Spanish and English
Authors: Alt Mary , Meyers Christina , Figueroa Cecilia
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children exposed to 2 languages would benefit from the phonotactic probability cues of a single language in the same way as monolingual peers and to determine whether crosslinguistic influence would be present in a fast-mapping task.

Method

Two groups of typically developing children (monolingual English and bilingual Spanish-English) took part in a computer-based fast-mapping task that manipulated phonotactic probability. Children were preschool-aged (
N
= 50) or school-aged (
N
= 34). Fast mapping was assessed through name-identification and naming tasks. Data were analyzed using mixed analyses of variance with post hoc testing and simple regression.

Results

Bilingual and monolingual preschoolers showed sensitivity to English phonotactic cues in both tasks, but bilingual preschoolers were less accurate than monolingual peers in the naming task. School-aged bilingual children had nearly identical performance to monolingual peers.

Conclusion

Knowing that children exposed to two languages can benefit from the statistical cues of a single language can help inform ideas about instruction and assessment for bilingual learners.
A Theoretical Account of Lexical and Semantic Naming Deficits in Bilingual Aphasia
Authors: Gray Teresa , Kiran Swathi
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine premorbid language proficiency and lexical and semantic processing deficits in bilingual aphasia and develop a theoretical account of bilingual language processing.

Method

Nineteen Spanish–English patients with bilingual aphasia completed a language use questionnaire (LUQ) and were administered Spanish and English standardized language assessments. The authors analyzed the data to (a) identify patterns of lexical and semantic processing deficits and conceptualize a theoretical framework that accounts for language deficits, (b) determine LUQ measures that predict poststroke language deficits, and (c) evaluate the relationship between predictive LUQ measures and poststroke language deficits in order to identify impairment patterns.

Results

On the basis of the results, the authors obtained significant correlations on several measures between language input and output. They identified prestroke language ability rating as the strongest predictor of poststroke outcomes. On the basis of these data, 2 distinct groups were identified: (a) patients who lost the same amount of language in Spanish and English and (b) patients who lost different amounts of Spanish and English.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that it is possible to identify relationships between language patterns and deficits in patients with bilingual aphasia and that these trends will be instrumental in clinical assessments of this understudied population.
Afferent and Efferent Aspects of Mandibular Sensorimotor Control in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Daliri Ayoub , Prokopenko Roman A. , Max Ludo
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Individuals who stutter show sensorimotor deficiencies in speech and nonspeech movements. For the mandibular system, the authors dissociated the sense of kinesthesia from the efferent control component to examine whether kinesthetic integrity itself is compromised in stuttering or whether deficiencies occur only when generating motor commands.

Method

The authors investigated 11 stuttering and 11 nonstuttering adults' kinesthetic sensitivity threshold and kinesthetic accuracy for passive jaw movements as well as their minimal displacement threshold and positioning accuracy for active jaw movements. They also investigated the correlation with an anatomical index of jaw size.

Results

The groups showed no statistically significant differences on sensory measures for passive jaw movements. Although some stuttering individuals performed more poorly than any nonstuttering participants on the active movement tasks, between-group differences for active movements were not statistically significant. Unlike fluent speakers, however, the stuttering group showed a statistically significant correlation between mandibular size and performance in the active and passive near-threshold tasks.

Conclusions

Previously reported minimal-movement differences were not replicated. Instead, stuttering individuals' performance varied with anatomical properties. These correlational results are consistent with the hypothesis that stuttering participants generate and perceive movements on the basis of less accurate internal models of the involved neuromechanical systems.
Technology projections of III–V devices down to 11 nm: importance of electrostatics and series resistance
Authors: Oh S. , Wong H.‐S.P.
Published: July 2013

As device dimensions become increasingly challenging to scale down, the high‐mobility channel solution is gaining more interest. However, will good carrier transport alone guarantee the continuation of higher drive current at shorter dimensions and lower power supply? The technology scaling of FO4 delay and energy delay product of III–V/Ge logic for beyond‐22‐nm technologies was investigated. The circuit performance estimation was projected down to 11 nm technology by using a physics‐based compact model developed for III–V field effect transistors. The analysis shows that the realisation of good electrostatics and low series resistance is crucial for the scalability of high mobility channel devices.
Double‐negative reconfigurable resonator with cross‐polarised split rings
Authors: Choi J. , Kim J. , Jung C.
Published: July 2013

Double‐negative metamaterials using cross‐polarised split‐ring resonators in a microstrip line have been implemented. The split‐ring resonators comprised quad ring structures and were connected with the microstrip line in series. Four different structures, with the shorted rings in varying locations, were fabricated to demonstrate reconfigurable bandpass characteristics. The effective permittivities and permeabilities were extracted using the Ziolkowski method. Excellent agreement between the developed circuit model and the measurement was observed up to 10 GHz.
Constant‐flux inductor with enclosed winding for high‐density energy storage
Authors: Cui H. , Ngo K.D.T.
Published: July 2013

The ‘constant‐flux’ concept has been described in a recent Letter as a way to utilise space more efficiently for inductor geometry with the core enclosed by winding. While the concept can conceptually be extended to the companion case of the inductor with winding enclosed by the core, structural synthesis is complicated by the absence of circular symmetry. Thus, this Letter delineates a procedure to shape the core and distribute winding turns to realise a magnetic field profile that is advantageous not only from the density standpoint, but also from the thermal standpoint via the reduction of hot spots, and from the reliability standpoint via the suppression of flux crowding. Design and fabrication results are delineated for a constant‐flux inductor with the same specifications as a commercial counterpart, but the total height of the inductor is reduced by a factor of two.
Broadband bandpass filter with wide upper stopband using stub‐loaded multiple‐mode resonators
Authors: Li F. , Che W.Q. , Gu L.M. , Xue Q.
Published: July 2013

A compact wideband filter with a wide upper stopband using stub‐loaded multiple‐mode resonators is designed. The multimode behaviour and characteristics of the proposed filter structure are studied by conventional natural modes analysis. A prototype is designed and fabricated at 1 GHz (f0) with 3 dB fractional bandwidths 102% and 20 dB stopband attenuation up to 10.75f0. Good agreement between simulations and experiments is observed.
Application of global positioning system and questionnaires data for the study of driver behaviour on two‐lane rural roads
Authors: Pérez‐Zuriaga Ana María , Camacho‐Torregrosa Francisco Javier , Campoy‐Ungría José Manuel , García Alfredo
Published: July 2013

Methodologies based on naturalistic observation provide the most accurate data for studying drivers’ behaviour. This study presents a new methodology to obtain naturalistic data related to drivers’ behaviour in a road segment. It is based on the combination of using global positioning system data and drivers’ questionnaires. The continuous speed profiles along a road segment and the characteristics of drivers, of their trips and the type of their vehicles can be obtained for a great amount of drivers. It has already been successfully used for several studies, such as the development of models to estimate operating speed profile in two‐lane rural road segments; or the characterisation of driving styles. These operating speed models have been the key for the development of a new geometric design consistency model, allowing an easier road safety evaluation. Besides, knowledge on the human factors that influence speed choice may be useful for road safety media campaigns and education programs designers, and also for the improvement of intelligent driver assistance systems.
Single‐layer partially reflective surface for an orthogonally‐polarised dual‐band high‐gain resonant cavity antenna
Authors: Moghadas Hamid , Daneshmand Mojgan , Mousavi Pedram
Published: July 2013

This study presents a novel dual‐band resonant cavity antenna (RCA) with orthogonal linear polarisations. The proposed RCA utilises one single‐sided slotted‐patch partially reflective surface (PRS) excited by a microstrip patch antenna. The two operating frequencies can be arbitrarily and independently controlled and the polarisation of each band is orthogonal to the other. A prototype is designed, fabricated and tested. The measured results show a dual broad‐side beam with lower‐band gain of 18.06 dBi at 10.25 GHz with vertical polarisation (V‐pol) and the upper‐band gain of 19.41 dBi at 11.05 GHz with horizontal polarisation (H‐pol). Besides, the proposed RCA has the capability of independent beam‐forming. By applying progressive phase gradient using variable slot length over PRS, the V‐pol lower‐band beam is tilted off broadside up to 29°, whereas the H‐pol upper‐band beam is fixed at broadside.
Effects of the bottom ground plate on coplanar waveguide structures
Authors: El Amrani Safae , Rodríguez‐Berral Raúl , Mesa Francisco
Published: July 2013

In this article, the authors study the significant practical effects caused by the presence of a conductor plate beneath a coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. Specifically the authors pay attention to the effects on the dispersion characteristics of the bound modes and on the signal integrity. This study allows one to discuss the reported proposal on the use of this additional conductor plate as an inexpensive alternative to air‐bridges in order to alleviate the possible spurious effects produced by the potential existence of asymmetries in CPW‐based circuits.
Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation versus Unilateral Pedicle and Contralateral Facet Screws for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Clinical Outcomes and Cost Analysis
Authors: Awad Basem I. , Lubelski Daniel , Shin John H. , Carmody Margaret A. , Hoh Daniel J. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P.
Published: July 2013

Study Design

Retrospective clinical study.

Objectives

Recent biomechanical studies have shown no differences in stiffness or range of motion following minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) between unilateral pedicle and contralateral facet screw (UPFS) and bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) constructs. No studies have compared these two constructs based upon clinical outcomes.

Methods

Twenty-six consecutive patients who had single-level MIS TLIF were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome measures collected for patients with BPS were compared with those with UPFS.

Results

No associations were found between construct and length of stay ( p = 0.5), operative time ( p = 0.2), or Odom's criteria ( p = 0.7); 79% of patients in the UPFS group as compared with 71.5% in the BPS group had good or excellent outcomes. Mean follow-up was 17.7 months for the UPFS group and 20.2 months for the BPS group. There was one complication in each group, including a seroma in the BPS group and a revision operation in the UPFS group. Implant costs for the BPS group were 35% greater than the UPFS group.

Conclusions

The present study is the first to demonstrate that patients undergoing MIS TLIF with BPS as compared with UPFS for single-level degenerative lumbar disease had similar clinical outcomes.
Public ICT Innovations: A Strategic Ambiguity Perspective
Authors: Ravishankar M N
Published: July 2013

Public Information and Communications Technology (ICT) innovations are seen as having the potential to usher in a new era of technology-enabled models of governance in emerging economies. While it may be desirable for the implementation of such innovations to be underpinned by precise planning, structure and clarity, policy implementers in emerging economies are confronted instead by situations where ambiguous goals and means are standard. This paper considers high levels of ambiguity as a relatively enduring and intrinsic aspect of public ICT innovations in emerging economies. Drawing on an ethnographic study of Bangalore one, an innovative public ICT project implemented in Bangalore, India, the paper examines how strategic ambiguity is deployed by key public actors to chart the course of the implementation process and to steer it towards reasonable outcomes. Theoretically, the paper suggests that although strategic ambiguity is a precarious and unsettling condition in general, it can work effectively in contexts that are reasonably tolerant of ambiguous norms. The findings of the study also present arguments for why evaluation mechanisms need to be fundamentally reframed in order to assess the extent of implementation success of public ICT innovations in emerging economies.
Energy-level alignment in organic dye-sensitized TiO2 from GW calculations
Authors: Umari P. , Giacomazzi L. , De Angelis F. , Pastore M. , Baroni Stefano
Published: July 2013

The electronic energy levels of some representative isolated and oxide-supported organic dyes, relevant for photovoltaic applications, are investigated using many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation. We consider a set of all-organic dyes (denominated L0, L2, L3, and L4) featuring the same donor and anchor groups and differing for the linker moieties. We first calculate the energy levels of the isolated molecules, thus allowing us to address the effects of the different linker groups, and resulting in good agreement with photo-electron spectroscopic and electrochemical data. We then consider the L0 dye adsorbed on the (101) surface of anatase-TiO2. We find a density of occupied states in agreement with experimental photo-electron data. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the L0 dye is found to be reduced by ∼1 eV upon adsorption. Our results validate the reliability of GW calculations for photovoltaic applications and point to their potential as a powerful tool for the screening and rational design of new components of electrochemical solar cells.
Size dependence of two-photon absorption in semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Dakovski Georgi L. , Shan Jie
Published: July 2013

Quantum confinement plays an important role in the optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). In this work, we combine experiment and modeling to systematically investigate the size dependence of the degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) of below-band-gap radiation in CdSe QDs. The TPA coefficient β at 800 nm of CdSe QDs of varying radii was measured using femtosecond white-light transient absorption spectroscopy by probing the pump-induced bleaching at the first exciton transition energy. β was also calculated using a model based on the multiband effective-mass approximation. Satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory was obtained. Our findings show the evolution of the TPA in the QDs from that of atom-like to bulk-like with increasing the radius R. The TPA coefficient (or the volume normalized TPA cross-section) increases with radius approximately linearly in the strong confinement regime due to the rapid increase of the joint density of states for the two-photon allowed transitions, and saturates for R > 5 nm (the exciton Bohr radius), approaching that of bulk CdSe.
Spin-orbit coupling calculations with the two-component normalized elimination of the small component method
Authors: Filatov Michael , Zou Wenli , Cremer Dieter
Published: July 2013

A new algorithm for the two-component Normalized Elimination of the Small Component (2cNESC) method is presented and tested in the calculation of spin-orbit (SO) splittings for a series of heavy atoms and their molecules. The 2cNESC is a Dirac-exact method that employs the exact two-component one-electron Hamiltonian and thus leads to exact Dirac SO splittings for one-electron atoms. For many-electron atoms and molecules, the effect of the two-electron SO interaction is modeled by a screened nucleus potential using effective nuclear charges as proposed by Boettger [Phys. Rev. B 62, 7809 (2000)10.1103/PhysRevB.62.7809]. The use of the screened nucleus potential for the two-electron SO interaction leads to accurate spinor energy splittings, for which the deviations from the accurate Dirac Fock-Coulomb values are on the average far below the deviations observed for other effective one-electron SO operators. For hydrogen halides HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I, At, and Uus) and mercury dihalides HgX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) trends in spinor energies and SO splittings as obtained with the 2cNESC method are analyzed and discussed on the basis of coupling schemes and the electronegativity of X.
Resonance energy transfer: Influence of neighboring matter absorbing in the wavelength region of the acceptor
Authors: Andrews David L. , Ford Jack S.
Published: July 2013

In many of the materials and systems in which resonance energy transfer occurs, the individual chromophores are embedded within a superstructure of significantly different chemical composition. In accounting for the influence of the surrounding matter, the simplest and most widely used representation is commonly cast in terms of a dependence on local refractive index. However, such a depiction is a significant oversimplification, as it fails to register the electronic and local geometric effects of material specifically in the vicinity of the chromophores undergoing energy transfer. The principal objective of this study is to construct a detailed picture of how individual photon interaction events are modified by vicinal, non-absorbing chromophores. A specific aim is to discover what effects arise when input excitation is located in the neighborhood of other chromophores that have a slightly shorter wavelength of absorption; this involves a passive effect exerted on the transfer of energy at wavelengths where they themselves display no significant absorption. The theory is based on a thorough quantum electrodynamical analysis that allows the identification of specific optical and electronic chromophore attributes to expedite or inhibit electronic energy transfer. The Clausius-Mossotti dispersion relationship is then deployed to elicit a dependence on the bulk refractive index of the surroundings. A distinction is drawn between cases in which the influence on the electromagnetic coupling between the donor and the acceptor is primarily due to the static electric field produced by a polar medium, and converse cases in which the mechanism for modifying the form of energy transfer involves the medium acquiring an induced electric dipole. The results provide insights into the detailed quantum mechanisms that operate in multi-chromophore systems, pointing to factors that contribute to the optimization of photosystem characteristics.
Computational study of the linear proton bound ion–molecule complexes of HCNH+ with HCN and HNC
Authors: Eric Cotton C. , Francisco Joseph S. , Klemperer William
Published: July 2013

This work reports the results of a high level ab initio study of the linear proton bound ion–molecule complex of HCNH+ with HCN and its isomer HNC. The energetics, equilibrium geometries, and predicted equilibrium rotational constants of three strongly interacting ion–molecule complexes are reported from calculations performed at the coupled-cluster calculations including singles, doubles, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T))/aug-cc-pVnZ (n = 2–5) level of theory. Harmonic vibrational frequencies from calculations performed at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVnZ (n = 2–4) level of theory are presented. Additional calculations are performed at the CCSD(T)-F12b/VnZ-F12 level of theory, and the associated energetics, equilibrium geometries, and equilibrium spectroscopic properties are reported. Anharmonicity is treated with the vibrational configuration interaction method, and the predicted anharmonic vibrational frequencies are reported. The results of these calculations show that of the four possible linear interactions of HCNH+ with HCN and HNC, there are three strongly interacting proton bound complexes. Further, the study presents results that the fourth possible interaction provides the basis for a novel HNC to HCN isomerization pathway in the interstellar medium.
Quantum reaction dynamics of the C(1D) + H2(D2) → CH(D) + H(D) on a new potential energy surface
Authors: Sun Zhaopeng , Zhang Chunfang , Lin Shiying , Zheng Yujun , Meng Qingtian , Bian Wensheng
Published: July 2013

The gas-phase reaction dynamics for the C(1D) + H2(D2) → CH(D) + H(D) is investigated on a new ab initio potential energy surface (PES). The initial state-specified integral cross section and rate constant are obtained using the Chebyshev real wave packet method; the low-lying vibrational energy levels are also calculated on this new PES using Lanczos algorithm. The vibrational energy levels agree well with the experimental data and are superior to Bussery-Honvault–Honvault–Launay [B. Bussery-Honvault, P. Honvault, and J.-M. Launay, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 10701 (2001)10.1063/1.1417501] surfaces' results. The reaction probabilities display oscillatory structure due to the numerous long-lived resonances supported by the deep potential well. The rate constants show nearly temperature independence at the range of 100 K–350 K.
Inline high frequency ultrasonic particle sizer
Authors: Lefebvre F. , Petit J. , Nassar G. , Debreyne P. , Delaplace G. , Nongaillard B.
Published: July 2013

This paper reports the development of a new method of particle sizing in a liquid. This method uses high frequency focused ultrasounds to detect particles crossing the focal zone of an ultrasonic sensor and to determine their size distribution by processing the reflected echoes. The major advantage of this technique compared to optical sizing methods is its ability to measure the size of particles suspended in an opaque liquid without any dedicated sample preparation. Validations of ultrasonic measurements were achieved on suspensions of polymethyl methacrylate beads in a size range extending from a few micrometer to several hundred micrometer with a temporal resolution of 1 s. The inline detection of aggregate formation was also demonstrated.