bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Best Explanation of the Conflicting Views of Lipton and Salmon on Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE)
Authors: Seddon Peter Beaufort
Published: August 2024

This paper seeks to explain the conflicting views of Lipton and Salmon on the merits of the abductive method of inference known as Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE). These two leading authors’ conflicting views are clearly documented in four chapters in Hon and Rakover’s 2001 book: “Explanation: Theoretical approaches and applications”. After a detailed analysis of the differences between Lipton’s and Salmon’s views, three rival potential explanations of Lipton’s and Salmon’s differences—from three different scholars, one being Lipton—are also discussed. Then, based on an empirical test, the explanation advocated in this paper—which is inspired by Thaler’s work on behavioral economics—is selected as best. That explanation is that Lipton’s arguments in favour of IBE provide a strong behavioral explanation of how human beings (Humans) actually draw inferences, whereas Salmon’s views provide a rational normative Bayesian position on how non-demonstrative inferences should be made (by Rational Analysts, or RatAns for short). It is suggested that the cause of the difference in decision making processes used by Humans (compared to RatAns) is that Human inference making processes are the result of millions of years of evolution of our brains, and are therefore probably different to, and less reliable than, rational expert analysis of the probabilities involved, as found in Bayesianism.
Using machine learning to identify causes of differential item functioning
Authors: Hoover Jeffrey C.
Published: August 2024

Assessment programs frequently assess for evidence of differential item functioning in order to support the fairness and equity of assessments; however, attempting to understand why differential item functioning is occurring is much less prevalent. In this study, a machine learning framework was proposed to identify factors contributing to differential item functioning, and a simulation study and empirical data analysis were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework. Log-linear cognitive diagnosis models were used to model student responses to assessment items, and the logistic regression differential item functioning detection method was used to flag items for evidence of differential item functioning. Logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, naïve Bayes, support vector machines, and artificial neural network models were estimated to predict item responses for items flagged for evidence of differential item functioning using estimated attribute mastery status, gender, and ecological variables as predictors. The logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and naïve Bayes models were found to be feasible, with the logistic regression, random forest, and naïve Bayes models being able to be estimated in 100% of repetitions and k-nearest neighbors being able to be estimated in greater than 99% of repetitions. The computational requirements for the support vector machines and artificial neural networks rendered these models infeasible, given the time required to estimate these models. The average classification accuracy of the logistic regression and random forest models was approximately .70, with the k-nearest neighbors and naïve Bayes models performing slightly poorer. The average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and random forest models was approximately .70, with the k-nearest neighbors model performing slightly poorer. While the logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and naïve Bayes models performed at rates above chance, the performance of these models was suboptimal for operational use. Additional research is needed to refine the proposed machine learning framework for operational use.
Obstáculos y dificultades de acceso al financiamiento de las Mipymes
Authors: Flores Castillo Lilia Alejandra
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación contextualiza la importancia del crédito interno en el sector privado y su influencia en el PIB per cápita de las entidades federativas de México. Al seguir un enfoque cualitativo se diseña y aplica un cuestionario a las principales instituciones financieras de la Heroica Ciudad de Huajuapan de León para identificar las causas del porqué se le ha negado el financiamiento a las Mipymes de la región, se realiza la tabulación de la información obtenida, presentándose en términos porcentuales y gráficos. Como conclusión se identifica que los requerimientos como el aval, información financiera y garantías siguen siendo de los más comunes como impedimento para poder acceder a un crédito bancario. Así también se hace la recomendación de que el empresario como agente económico debe estar enterado del comportamiento de las variables macroeconómicas como es la tasa de interés, que definitivamente influyen en la toma de decisiones empresariales, para llevar una planificación adecuada de sus compromisos económicos, de nuevos proyectos y para aprovechar las oportunidades que se presenten.
URL: https://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/2446
Effect of Germination on Proximate Composition of Amaranth Seeds (Amaranth Cruentus)
Authors: Paudel Sajana , Khadka Abhishek , Koirala Ujjwal , Khanal Hari
Published: August 2024

Effects on proximate composition of amaranth during germination were studied. Amaranth grains were geminated during 48 hours at ambient condition was subjected to proximate analysis. Germination of amaranth for 48 hours had a significant effect on nutritional factors. On proximate composition, protein content and carbohydrate content were found to be increased from 18.13 to 20.53% and 54.2 to 55.5% respectively but not increased significantly whereas Similarly crude fat, crude fiber & total ash significantly decreased from 9.66 to 7.07%, 4.01 to 3.96%, and 54.5 to 55.5% respectively on dry basis.
Effect of roasting and soaking on Proximate Composition, Anti-nutritional, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial properties of Tamarind Seed Powder
Authors: Bhattarai Susma , Karki Sanjaya , Shankar Joshi Hari
Published: August 2024

The research is primarily focused on analyzing the effect of different processing methods i.e. soaking (cold and hot) and roasting of the Tamarind indicaL. seed. Differently processed samples were subjected to analysis such as proximate composition, anti-nutritional factor, antioxidant activity, phenolic content and antimicrobial activity. Antinutritional factors i.e., tannins, alkaloid, saponin and phytate, were significantly affected (p ≤ 0.05) by different processing. Tannin, alkaloid, saponin and phytate content of samples were found in the range of 4.05-20.04 %, 3.22- 3.49 %, 0.5-1.04 and 2.10 - 2.92 % respectively. Free radical scavenging activity ranged from 16.07 ± 0.98% to 75.14 ± 1.34%, with all sample being significantly influenced (p ≤ 0.05) by the application of different methods. The phenolic content intamarind seed for samples were in the range of 9.55 - 52.33mg/100ml respectively. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be positively correlated with total phenolic content having R2= 0.9467. The antimicrobial test was carried out for Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Salmonella typhi. Among the samples, roasted sample was found to be most effective against tested micro- organisms.
Developing a Research Culture with Trainee Teachers on International Initial Teacher Training Programmes
Authors: Hidson Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Postgraduate initial teacher training from the UK perspective is a fast-paced 36-week full time programme. In parallel with assessed teaching and subject studies, trainees carry out classroom-based research. To do this, they draw on approaches to evidence-informed teaching that include taking the best available evidence from research and practical experience to answer context-specific research questions. This paper looks at the case of trainees who undertake their PGCE programme internationally i.e. they remain based in their international schools for the practical elements but engage in the wider programme via distance learning. One of the greatest regrets of university staff working with these trainees was that the research knowledge gained was contained only within the assessment system and that the trainees would leave, taking this wealth of knowledge with them. The fear was that these emerging practitioner researchers would see their research work as being completed solely for the purpose of certification, without recognising themselves as beginning a career-long process of reflective research in their schools.
From this, the Sunderland Reflective Action in Education project (SunRAE) was developed in response to the challenge of building a community of research-informed practice when working remotely and a/synchronously across different international time zones. It is a student research conference, journal and podcast initiative integrated into the PGCE (Distance Learning) programmes. Linking this initiative to the wider research of the contribution of initial teacher education to the professional learning of teachers in schools, this critical reflection paper connects with the wider debates around developing research culture and makes links between the importance of both for creating better school-based practitioner researchers. The paper reflects that the same themes of widening participation, raising awareness, and reducing silo working that are important for all researcher development are relevant for school-based teacher researchers.
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
International Teacher Practitioners as Researchers: In Conversation with Elizabeth Hidson [24:21]
Engaging Academics With Outreach
Authors: Jemmett Phil , Cannon Caroline , Low Margaret
Published: August 2024

STEM Connections was a funded project designed to position academics at the forefront of outreach activities. It drew on the experience of outreach-focussed professional services staff to bridge the gap between the public and the academy, to train and support academics in the skills of engagement, and to support the design of the activities. Two cohorts (11 in 2022 and 12 in 2023) of academics were trained through this project, creating 20 interactive activities linked to active research and teaching at the University of Warwick. Four academic departments were represented across the two cohorts.
This paper explores the background literature of outreach: why do institutions feel a duty to engage the public? Who delivers the outreach? What are the benefits on the institution? Most importantly, how can outreach projects be designed to complement academics’ skills, rather than over-burden their already burgeoning workloads? Can outreach projects create tangible benefits for the academics who take part? The paper concludes with reflective statements from the involved academics.
Funding Acknowledgement
STEM Connections was funded by the Enhancing Research Culture Fund through Research England.
Jose Ortiz Gonzalez, Xinkai Tian, Umair Paracha, and Robin T. George were additionally supported by the WELD (Warwick Electrification Deployment) project. The WELD programme is funded by Driving the Electric Revolution, an ICSF Challenged delivered by UK Research and Innovation. Project Number: 10033186.
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
Outreach, Reaching Across the Divide & Engaging the Public: In Conversation with Phil Jemmett [35:42]
Addressing Ethnic Health Inequities by Improving the Inclusiveness of Digital Health Research for South Asians
Authors: Ali Syed Mustafa , Gasteiger Norina , Masood Yumna , Davies Angela , Sanders Caroline , Stanmore Emma , N van der Veer Sabine
Published: August 2024

South Asians are one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom. They face the multi-faceted burden of higher prevalence of long-term health conditions, worse access to health services, and poorer health outcomes. With the increase in digitally enabled health services, it is important to ensure that digital health apps are helping to address existing ethnic health inequities instead of creating new or exacerbating existing ones. Therefore, we need to engage with South Asians (SAs) early on and widen their participation in digital health research. However, there are several barriers to doing this effectively. Based on their experience of engaging with South Asians for developing and evaluating four health apps, the authors recommend technology developers and health researchers to understand the cultural context of common health behaviours of South Asians, and then consider the accessibility features of digital health apps and inclusivity of research procedures. This will contribute to making digital health research more inclusive for South Asians, and ultimately to reducing ethnic health inequities.
Hubungan Status Ekonomi dan Usia terhadap Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Putri Ayu Kota Jambi
Authors: Irawan Lucia
Published: August 2024

Anemia can damage the blood's capacity to transport oxygen throughout the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between economic status and age towards anemia in pregnant women. The research method used is analytic with a retrospective approach with a population of all pregnant women who carry out HB checks at the Puskesmas Putri Ayu Kota Jambi in 2022, namely 831 samples. Sampling used a random sampling technique of 83 samples. The results of the study revealed there were 40 respondents (48.2%) of poor economic status and 46 people or 55.4% of age who were at risk of anemia. After being analyzed using the chi-square statistical test, it turned out that there was a relationship between economic status and anemia in pregnant women with a value of p = value = 0.000 (p <0.05) and an Odd Ratio (OR) of 799,500. This also shows that there is a significant relationship between maternal age and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Putri Ayu Health Center, with an OR of 5,580. From the results of this study it is hoped that health workers will improve health services and health education for pregnant women.
Criptorquidismo unilateral abdominal em felino
Authors: Moraes Sordi Marinna
Published: August 2024

During embryogenesis, the testes and ovaries form caudally to the kidneys. In males, the testes descend into the intrauterine scrotal sac. The absence of two testes in the scrotal sac after six months of age may indicate conditions such as testicular agenesis or cryptorchidism. In felines, cryptorchidism is rare (1-8%) compared to dogs (7-9%). Diagnosis involves anamnesis, palpation and abdominal ultrasonography, which is crucial in locating the testicle and planning for surgery. This case report describes a one-year-old male cat with unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism, which was successfully resolved through exploratory laparotomy and orchiectomy. The case highlights the importance of ultrasonography for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Permainan Tradisional Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa dalam Aktivitas Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Sytematic Literature Review
Authors: Muhammad Khansa , Rahmat Alit , Carsiwan Carsiwan
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of traditional games in increasing students' interest in learning in physical education learning activities at school. The method used in this research uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method, literature searches are carried out using digital databases (Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). By searching using the keywords Traditional Games, Physical Education, and Interest in Learning. The research results show that traditional games have a very significant influence on students' interest in learning in physical education learning activities at school. Conclusion, that applying traditional games is an interesting and fun approach to improving children's physical fitness and psychomotor skills, and student participation in physical education classes, and can improve students' physical education learning activities at school.
Keywords: Interest in Learning, Physical Education, Traditional Games
ANALISIS TENDANGAN SABIT PADA SISWA REMAJA PENCAK SILAT PSHT RANTING KARANGDOWO KLATEN TAHUN 2023
Authors: Kusuma Iwan Arya , Jasmani Jasmani , Wibowo Risa Agus Teguh , Yulianto Pipit Fitria , Suwanto Witri , Iwandana Dody Tri
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan ciri-ciri tidak adanya hipotesis dan data yang diperoleh akan dipaparkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan menggunakan angket dan tes tendangan sabit selama 10 detik yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Analisis Tendangan Sabit Pada Siswa Remaja Pencak Silat PSHT Ranting Karangdowo Klaten Tahun 2023.
Pada penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa yang memiliki kecepatan tendangan baik sekali dan baik tidak ada dengan jumlah tedangan di atas 20 kali, yang memiliki kategori cukup sebanyak 9 orang atau 0,3 %, kemudian yang meliliki kategori kurang 6 orang dengan nilai antara 15-16 kali atau 0,2 %, dan untuk kategori kurang baik  sebanyak 15 orang atau 0,5 % dri jumlah sempel, sikap pasang atau sikap awal yang mempunyai total nilai diatas atau sama dengan 37 berjumlah 7 orang atau 0,13 % dari jumlah sempel, yang mendapatkan total nilai antara 33-36 sebanyak 21 orang atau 0,7 % dari jumlah sempel, sedangkan di rentang nilai 28-32 terdapat 5 orang atau 0,6 % dari jumlah sempel, dan dites sasaran menujukan yang paling bayak dari jumlah sempel mendapatakn total nilai antaran 33-36 yaitu 22 orang atau 0,73 % dari jumlah sempel, yang mendapatkan nilai di atas sama dengan 37 hanya 1 orang atau 0,03 % dari jumlah sempel, dan sisanya yaitu 7 orang mendapat tolat nilai antaran 28-32dan presentase sebesar 0,23 % dari jumlah sempel yang diteliti.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan bahwa: kecepatan tendangan sabit hasil persentase rata-rata atlet putra untuk tendangan sabit putra dengan kategori cukup 0,3 %, kurang 0,2 %, dan kurrang baik sebanyak 0,5%. Pada sikap pasang atau sikap awal diperolah hasil dengan kategori baik sekali 0,1 %, baik 0,7 %dan cukup 0.16 %. Dan untuk tes sasaran di perolah presentasi hasil dengan katerogi baik sekali 0,03 %, baik 0,7 % dan cukup 0,23 %.
Kata Kunci : Pencak Silat, Kecepatan Tendangan Sabit, Sikap Pasang Dan Sasaran
Model Pembelajaran Multimedia Beladiri Pencak Silat Berbasis Video pada Anak Tunarungu
Authors: Gerhard Gerhard , Usra Meirizal , Hartati Hartati
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul Model Pembelajaran Multimedia Beladiri Pencak Silat Berbasis Video Pada Anak Tunarungu Di Sekolah Luar Biasa Pembina. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran multimedia beladiri pencak silat berbasis video pada anak tunarungu kelas VII Sekolah Luar Biasa Pembina Palembang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desktitif kuantitatif. dan menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) atau Pengembangan menggunakan Model ADDIE. Penelitian ini menggunakan anak tunarungu kelas VII Sekolah Luar Biasa Pembina Palembang yang berjumlah 32 orang siswa. Uji coba skala kecil dilakukan terhadap siswa tunarungu kelas VII yang berjumlah 10 orang dan 22 orang untuk uji kelompok besar. Instrumen pada penelitian yaitu pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi, lembar kuisioner dan hasil belajar siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deksritif kualitatif dan statistic deskriptif. Produk penelitian yang menghasilkan berupa model pembelajaran multimedia beladiri pencak silat berbasis video. Berdasarkan penilaian para ahli materi, ahli media dan tanggapan siswa dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran ini layak dan efektif untuk digunakan. Hasil analisis data uji coba lapangan didapatkan persentase pilihan jawaban yang sesuai hasil penelitian skala kecil yaitu 94% (Sangat Baik) dan hasil penelitian skala besar yaitu 94% (Sangat Baik), hasil dari penilaian guru pada aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor uji coba skala kecil dan uji coba skala besar hasil rata-ratanya baik. Implementasi dari peneltian ini bahwa saja model pembelajaran multimedia beladiri pencak silat berbasis video pada anak tunarungu dapat digunakan untuk pembelajaran beladiri pencak silat pada mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan. Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah sampel yang digunakan hanya terbatas pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus yaitu siswa tunarungu dan peneliti keterbatasan untuk berkomunikasi pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus (tunarungu).
 
Kata Kunci : Multimedia Pembelajaran, Video Pembelajaran, Beladiri Pencak Silat.
Pengembangan Model Permainan Lempar bagi Anak Tunagrahita Ringan di Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa C
Authors: Hidayat Arif , Muslimin Muslimin , Sukmawati Noviria , Hardiyono Bayu , Kesumawati Selvi Atesya , Fikri Aprizal , Pratiwi Aisyah
Published: August 2024

This study aims to develop a learning model through a throwing game model for mildly disabled children at Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa C that is valid and practical. The development of a throwing game model for mildly disabled children at Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa C was carried out using the stages of development research according to Sugiyono, namely potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, small scale trials, revision of small scale trials, large scale trials.  The criteria for the validity of manipulative basic physical activity were assessed by two experts consisting of one learning media expert and one small game expert. Based on the results of expert review by experts, it shows that the throwing game model developed gets an average CVR of 0.56 which is included in the valid category and is tested on research responders.  The results of the trial test of throwing games for mild tunagrahita children in Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa C small-scale test were in the "very high" category with an average value of 12.31. These results provide reinforcement for the questionnaire results where the questionnaire results provide good / feasible results and the categories of small-scale and large-scale assessments obtained are high to very high.
Keywords: children with mild intellectual disability, games, throwing
Meningkatkan Gerak Lokomotor Melompat Melalui Permainan Halang Rintang
Authors: Mansur Muhammad Fadhil Naim , Sudirjo Encep , Rahman Aam Ali
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of obstacle course games on locomotor jumping movements. This research uses quantitative methods using an experimental approach. The one-group pre-test post-test design was the design used in the research. This research was conducted at one of the elementary schools in Selomerto District, Wonosobo Regency. The sample in this study consisted of 28 fifth grade students aged 11-12 years. The average score on the pretest was 4.36, while the average score on the posttest was 5.96. The standard deviation for the pretest is 1.471 and for the posttest is 1.644. Through the paired sample test, there are results from the hypothesis test with a calculated value of -9.279 which is higher than the table value of 1.703 from the T table (with 27 degrees of freedom), and the significance level is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. The results of this research show that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. The results of this research show that the obstacle course game has a significant impact on locomotor jumping movements. The obstacle course game makes students more enthusiastic in moving, especially in jumping through obstacles.
Keywords: jump, locomotor movement, obstacle course game
Efektivitas Kombinasi Sport Massage dan Infra Red terhadap Cedera Pergelangan Tangan
Authors: Muhbaedillah Habil , Muhtar Tatang , Rukmana Anin
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the success rate of the combination of sports massage and infrared light in increasing range of motion (ROM) after wrist injury. This research is a pre-experimental design research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was Badminton UKM, Basketball UKM, volleyball UKM, and Indonesian Education University. The results of this research after treatment was given to the research subjects showed that the extension segment had a value of t= -10.598, flexion had a value of t= -9.355, abduction had a value of t= -11.667, adduction had a value of t= -12.894 with a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05 if < 0.05, then it can be concluded that H1 is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant influence on the results of the combination of sports massage and infrared on the range of motion of wrist injuries..
Keyword:  Sport massage, Infra red, Range Of Motion, Wrist Injury
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Teknik Passing dalam Permainan Sepak Bola melalui Pendekatan Tutor Teman Sebaya
Authors: Halimi Alpin , Safari Indra , Supriyadi Tedi
Published: August 2024

This research aims to improve basic passing technical skills in learning football. This research method uses a Classroom Action Research (PTK) design. The subjects in the study were 20 class V students consisting of 10 boys and ten girls at SDN Sukamaju Rancaekek, Bandung Regency. The research results in cycle I obtained a completeness score of 40%, or as many as eight people had completed it. In cycle II, there was a completeness score of 70%, or as many as 14 people had completed it, and in cycle III, it was 95%, or 19 people had achieved the completion score. The conclusion is that peer tutoring can improve basic passing technical skills in fifth-grade students at SDN Sukamaju.
Keywords: Peer tutoring, soccer games, soccer passing techniques
The Pengaruh Penerapan Permainan Kucing dan Tikus terhadap Hasil Belajar Lari Sprint
Authors: Herdiansyah Nugie Herdiansyah , Lengkana Anggi Setia , Sudirjo Encep Sudirjo
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This research aims to determine the effect of the game of cat and mouse on speed results in learning to sprint for class V students at SDN Dahniar. This research uses a quantitative pre-experiment method, one group pretest and posttest. Based on the normality test results, it is known that the overall pretest data 0.062 and posttest 0.034 > 0.05 are normally distributed. Then, it was tested using the paired sample T-test, where the average initial test value of the initial test was 2.85 while the final test value was 3.40 so that the average value of both was -0.550 with a sig value of paired T-test samples >0.05, namely 0.142. This shows that there is no influence of the cat and mouse game on the results of the sprint learning speed of class V students at Dahniar State Elementary School, and the cat and mouse game of class V students of Dahniar State Elementary School cannot influence the results of sprint learning speed. The conclusion is that the game of cat and mouse does not influence the results of learning to sprint.
Keywords: Games, Influence, Print Running Learning Results
Etnomatematika dalam Permainan Tradisional Telong-Telong
Authors: Anggraini Dara , Risnanosanti Risnanosanti , Masri Masri
Published: August 2024

This research aims to identify mathematical concepts contained in the traditional Telong-telong game in Bengkulu and can be used as a mathematics learning object at junior high school level. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods and an ethnographic approach using observation, interviews and documentation. This research was conducted in the Bengkulu area, specifically the Jalan Enggano area, Pasar Bengkulu Village, Bengkulu City. This research involved one subject, namely the telong-telong maker of the Bengkulu Market group. Data analysis techniques used include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that the mathematical elements contained in the traditional telong-telong game are geometric transformations, dilation, comparison and measurement. The mathematical concepts in the traditional game telong-telong can be used as objects of mathematics learning at the junior high school level. The discovery of this mathematical concept can be expanded into teaching materials such as modules, LKPD based on the traditional game Telong-telong and so on.
 
Keywords: Ethnomathematics, Elements of Mathematics, Telong-telong.
Pemerolehan Bahasa Kedua Siswa Anak Perantau (Studi Kasus Pada Sekolah Dasar)
Authors: Murni Rita Kartika , Himayati Baiq Reni Ardiani , Nursaly Baiq Rismarini
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi proses pemerolehan bahasa kedua anak-anak perantau pendatang dari Jawa yang lahir di Lombok Timur, serta faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada tiga sekolah dasar di Lombok Timur. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan siswa dan orang tua, serta observasi di lingkungan sekolah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan sosial, peran orang tua, lingkungan sekolah, dan kebijakan pemerintah memainkan peran penting dalam pemerolehan bahasa kedua. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa lingkungan sekolah memberikan dukungan signifikan dalam memfasilitasi pemerolehan bahasa kedua, sementara peran orang tua dan penerimaan masyarakat juga memiliki dampak yang besar. Implikasi dari temuan ini mencakup perlunya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat, pelatihan guru yang lebih baik, dan perluasan kurikulum untuk memperhitungkan konteks sosial dalam pembelajaran bahasa kedua.
 
Kata Kunci: Anak Perantau Pendatang, Pemerolehan Bahasa Kedua
Towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT) in Higher Education: Students’ Perspective
Authors: Nebieridze Mariam , Jojua Nino
Published: August 2024

The paper deals with the issue of AI, in particular ChatGPT used for various purposes during the academic process, in higher education from the standpoint of students’ perception of the phenomenon in question. Nowadays, we live in the era of internet technologies which interfere with all aspects of human life; education is no exception. Today the use of technology is greatly supported to improve and support innovative teaching and learning, and it is undeniable that AI is bringing changes to the teaching and learning process. However, the question is whether those technological advances, in particular, ChatGPT will bring positive changes and enhance students’ learning skills. Besides, when discussing the intensive use of technologies in different spheres of human life, usually, ethical issues usually come into the spotlight. Therefore, the paper aimed to identify the frequency and intensity of addressing ChatGPT for different purposes by the undergraduate students at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, their perception of the tool in terms of academic honesty and integrity, and the university’s role in raising awareness about the possible implications of breaching academic ethics through the survey questionnaire circulated among the target audiences. The obtained results demonstrated students’ considerable reliance on AI (Chat GPT) -assisted learning in Higher Education despite admitting its potential for Academic Dishonesty. The study also revealed the practical necessity for more informed discussion and refocus on the concepts of Academic Ethics among the stakeholders of the University to regulate the use of ChatGPT-generated content in education.
Personal Growth and Well-Being Among University Students: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Song Zheyu
Published: August 2024

This comprehensive analysis examines the current research on personal growth and well-being among university students with a comparative approach. The review explores the key dimensions of personal growth, including the tendency to make long-term goals and possessing effective resource allocation skills. It also investigates the influential factors that shape personal growth, such as social support, academic engagement, and coping strategies, which can help students adapt to university learning environments. The relationship between personal growth and overall student well-being is critically analyzed. This comprehensive analysis also provides valuable insights into the contextual and institutional factors that may impact personal growth and well- being in higher education settings. The review concludes by discussing evidence-based interventions and strategies that can be implemented to foster holistic student development and support successful transitions to adulthood. Moreover, it explores the reciprocal nature of the relationship between personal growth and well-being, unveiling the dynamic interplay between these two constructs. By synthesizing existing literature and incorporating empirical evidence, this article provides valuable insi ghts into the vital connection between personal growth and well-being, offering a nuanced understanding of this crucial association for researchers, educators, and practitioners in the field of higher education.
Students’ Readiness for the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence for Support Services: Qualitative Evidence from Al-Hikmah University, Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Yusuf
Published: August 2024

This study investigates students' perceived readiness for the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) support services in Nigerian universities, focusing on Al-Hikmah University as a case study. The data were collected from 45 students who were selected via stratified, purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview transcripts. Factors influencing students' readiness include perceived usefulness, ease of use, and concerns about privacy and job security. The findings suggest that students at Al-Hikmah University are generally positive and open-minded about the potential of AI to enhance their learning experiences and support services. The study identified several benefits of AI-based support services, including personalized learning experiences, access to information and resources at any time, and the potential to improve efficiency in administrative processes. While students are generally receptive to AI, the study also highlighted some concerns and challenges. These include privacy concerns related to data collection and usage, and the need for adequate training to effectively use AI tools. In conclusion, the study on students' perceived readiness for the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-based support services in Nigerian universities, focusing on Al-Hikmah University, provides valuable qualitative evidence on the attitudes and perspectives of students toward AI technology in the context of higher education.
The Role of Teachers in Harnessing Mobile-Assisted Game Applications for Assessing EFL Students’ English Language Skills (A Case of Higher Education Institutions in Georgia)
Authors: Makharashvili Mari
Published: August 2024

The introduction of mobile-assisted game applications in education offers significant opportunities, especially in language learning, to enhance learning and teaching. Despite considerable attention from educators globally, there remains a lack of empirical evidence regarding the adoption and utilization of mobile-assisted game applications for assessing EFL students’ English language skills. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting an online quantitative survey among 55 EFL teachers in Georgia. The primary objective is to investigate teachers' roles in leveraging mobile-assisted game applications for assessing students’ English language skills. Findings indicate that teachers recognize the importance of using these applications to provide immediate feedback, enhance motivation, increase engagement, and reduce student anxiety during assessments. For effective implementation, the study emphasizes the need for teacher support through workshops and skill development.
The balance of the woody fraction of the indigenous spruce forests’ biomass in the European Russia’s taiga
Authors: Storozhenko V. G.
Published: August 2024

The study of the structural features of indigenous taiga’s woody fractions allows us to evaluate the balance process of accumulation and decomposition of woody biomass in forest communities. The purpose of the research is to study, using the example of European taiga’s spruce forests, the processes and organisms involved in forming the balance of biomass of woody fractions in indigenous ecosystems of different ages and with different dynamic characteristics. The research objects were located in the spruce forests of the northern, middle and southern taiga of European Russia. On permanent study plots (PSP), the diameters of trunks and the age of trees were determined, age series were put together by generations, and the total volumes of trees, forest stands and woody waste were calculated. Within the generations of the aforementioned age series and the forest stands overall, infestations by wood-decaying fungi (WDF) of biotrophic and xylotrophic complexes were determined. Indigenous spruce forests of the taiga have a complex multi-aged structure, differing in volume and trees infestation rate by WDF of the biotrophic complex within both the generations and the forest stands as a whole. It determines the different phase position of ecosystems. The trend of increasing tree infestation rate from younger to older generations is interpreted as a pattern. To calculate the balance of woody fractions biomass in a forest ecosystem, it is necessary to combine within a single time process the woody fractions of the forest stand and woody waste — dead wood and the current woody waste. The main factor in the formation of the biomass balance of a spruce community is the rate of wood accumulation and decomposition processes. In native spruce forests of different ages in the taiga zone, the rate of xylolysis of wood waste by WDF is several times higher than the rate of biomass accumulation in the forest stand. The balance of the biomass accumulation and decomposition processes intensity is presented as the balance coefficient of the spruce community’s woody fractions biomass, showing how much does the rate of the woody waste decomposition process performed by the xylotrophic complex fungi exceeds the rate of the biomass accumulation process in the living part of the forest stand. Possessing an enormous xylolytic activity, the WDF of the xylotrophic complex decompose woody waste at a rate exceeding the rate of woody biomass accumulation by the phytocenosis, thereby maintaining the balance of the biomass of the forest community and its stability.
Growth and productivity of trees in forest crops of Norway spruce in Smolensk-Moscow Upland
Authors: Merzlenko M. D. , Bryntsev V. А. , Kozhenkova A. A.
Published: August 2024

The issues of diagnosing tree growth in a plantation are of a significant scientific and practical interest. The purpose of the research was to substantiate the use of the indicator “tree height at 10 years of age” to diagnose their subsequent growth and productivity in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) forest crops. 70-year-old spruce monocultures were chosen as objects for the study. Model trees were chosen on trial plots (TP) using the method of step-by-step proportional representation. After cross-cutting, they were subjected to a complete analysis of the trunk and as a result, the height of the tree at 10 years of age and the height, diameter and volume of the trunk at 70 years of age were calculated. It has been established that with age in spruce forest plantations, some of the trees that started off stronger may eventually lose their ranking positions, while the initially weaker trees, on the contrary, can raise up through the ranks. At the same time, the more average trees in the plantation remain at the centre of such a process; according to all three inventory indicators (height, diameter and the volume of the trunk), their position becomes the most stable with age. Thus, the height at 10 years of age can be considered as a diagnostic sign indicating further growth of trees in forest plantations.
Landscape Features affecting the dynamics of forest growth on agricultural lands of the Perm Territory
Authors: Belousova A. P.
Published: August 2024

The dynamics of forest growth on agricultural lands has been studied since the 1990s, which was the starting point of a massive reduction in their cultivation intensity. The total area of the overgrown agricultural land in the Perm Territory reached 58.8% of the total area of agricultural land as of 1985. The boundaries of the forested lands were recorded using remote sensing methods and the archival satellite images of medium spatial resolution. The dynamics analysis was carried out within the flat part of the Perm Territory, taking into account the soil regions’ boundaries. It has been established that the main natural factors of lands differentiation in terms of the scale and rate of their withdrawal from agricultural use are the small scale or uneven terrain of separate agricultural lands, making it less accessible for the agricultural machines, and differences in soil fertility. The least fertile soils, as well as the most difficult to cultivate, were the first to become susceptible to forest overgrowth. The more fertile soils were reforested later, as agricultural activity declined.
Natural regrowth of the Norway maple in the Ob forest steppes
Authors: Likhenko N. N. , Kapko T. N. , Yepanchintseva A. P.
Published: August 2024

Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is a valuable woody plant of great economic importance. It is decorative and is a source of strong and resilient wood, thus having a good potential for introduction. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to study the process of natural renewal, the growth dynamics and the age structure of Norway maple in the forest-steppes of the Ob region. The material for the study was 6 Norway maple trees and their undergrowth of different ages. An assessment of the natural regeneration, growth dynamics and age structure of the species was carried out taking into account the place of growth, height and age of the plant, using the methods of E.M. Lavrenko with A.A. Korchagin and R.V. Popadyuk with co-authors. The height-age structure of undergrowth and the relative participation of age groups were determined according to the recommendations of A.N. Martynov with co-authors and A.Yu. Kulagin with I.F. Shayakhmetov. It has been established that Norway maple has been successfully introduced and its undergrowth is adapted for growth in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Ob region. The highest relative participation of age groups falls on plants 1–3 years old, with no significant difference from the place of growth. Then there is a gradual decrease in the amount of undergrowth due to natural mortality.
Age groups of 4–8 years and 9–20 years, growing in favorable conditions, are characterized by more intensive growth with little mortality.
Mechanical stability of Virginian juniper trees in steppe zone of the eastern-european plain
Authors: Kornienko V. O. , Kalaev V. N.
Published: August 2024

The paper establishes a relationship between the temperature factor, a physico-mechanical parameter — the modulus of elasticity of the Virginian juniper (Juniperus virginianaL.) wood tissues and its crown architectonics. Thus, with high positive temperatures in summer, a decrease in the elastic modulus leads to slow bending of the skeletal branches, which, in turn, affects the crown projection area, as well as its light permeability and, as a result, the temperature and humidity under the canopy. First of all, the temperature will affect the mechanical stability of trees, which is characterised by a critical ratio of the trunk diameter to its length (coefficient d/l ≤ 0.009) and the lowest range of the trunk’s resilience. The article developed a scheme for the mechanical stability of the Virginian juniper — due to the appearance of gaps and, in general, changes in the architectonics of the crown, uneven heating of the trunk occurs, which leads to a disruption of its uniformity in terms of the physico-mechanical properties of tissues. Irreversible deformations and numerous trunk breakages were revealed at an average height of 1.5 ± 0.5 m and in the root collar zone. As a result, the light regime of the forest stand is disturbed, which affects the phytoclimatic and bioecological features of the forest steppe plantations. A change in the phytoclimate under the canopy towards increased illumination due to a change in architectonics leads to a decrease in stability and, as a result, the inability of woody plants to resist the pressure of aggressive herbaceous and tree-shrub vegetation.
PENDAMPINGAN SISWA DALAM PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Authors: Panuntun Ida Ayu
Published: August 2024

Proses pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara bertahap. Pernyataan tersebut juga berlaku pada pembelajaran struktur Bahasa Inggris. Salah satu pembelajaran struktur bahasa adalah tenses. Tenses merupakan penunjuk waktu. Tenses menjadi pedoman utama dalam penyusunan kalimat efektif. Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk tenses dasar yang harus dikuasai oleh para siswa SMP N 7 Batang. Namun demikian, banyak dari mereka yang mengalami kesulitan memahami dan menggunakan tenses tersebut dalam kalimat. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas maka justifikasi masalah yang muncul adalah 1) kesulitan siswa SMP N 7 Batang dalam memahami komponen kalimat aktif dan 2)kesulitan siswa SMP N 7 Batang dalam menggunakan kata kerja dan keterangan waktu dalam pola Simple Present Tense.
         Penyelenggaraan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam 4 tahap dan telah berjalan secara lancar. Tahap 1) sosiliasasi, 2) pelatihan, 3) pendampingan dan 4) evaluasi. Pada tahap sosialisasi, kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah wawancara kepada guru dan pelaksanaan pre test. Tahap berikutnya adalah tahap pelatihan. Tahap pelatihan berisi pemberian materi yang diawali dengan brainstorming dan pengajaran Simple Present Tenses. Tahap selanjutnya adalah pendampingan. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pendampingan kepada siswa-siswa yang sedang menyelesaikan penugasan berkaitan pola Simple Present Tense. Tahap akhir adalah evaluasi yang berisi kegiatan post test. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian tersebut menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dengan data sebagai berikut: (1) Siswa sangat paham definisi Simple Present Tense, (2) Siswa sangat paham dalam menggunakan formula Simple Present Tense dengan komponen dengan benar dan (3) Siswa paham dalam membuat kalimat Simple Present Tense dengan kata kerja dan keterangan waktu
CHALLENGES AND EXPECTATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CUSTOMARY LAW (COMPARATORY ASPECTS OF INDONESIA AND OMAN)
Authors: Febrianty Yenny , Handoyo Sapto , Fitri Hidayati , Hidaya Wahab Aznul , Taranama P.M. Hilton , Taranama P.M. Hilton
Published: August 2024

Focusing on the connection between customary law and human rights concepts, this study seeks to examine the difficulties and potential solutions surrounding the recording, regulation, and application of customary law in Oman and Indonesia. This study compares and contrasts two nations, Oman and Indonesia, using a normative and comparative method. Literature reviews, statutory rules, official papers, and policies pertaining to law are all sources of legal information. According to the study's findings, the most significant problems include a lack of documentation of customary law, clashes between customary law and human rights principles, and difficulties in incorporating customary law into the country's legal system. A portion of the suggested remedy is to bring formal law and customary law into closer alignment, and another element is to increase indigenous people's involvement in the legislative and judicial processes.