bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da Observaçáo de Lisboa
Authors: Gaspar Jorge ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Some reflections on the urbanisation process in Portugal in the last few decades may be made from observations of the social and economic changes in Lisbon and the metropolitan area. Despite the fact that the city was founded over two thousand years ago, it grew very slowly and has only recently undergone rapid expansion. A great part of the Portuguese people live in urban centres today, a large proportion of them in the Lisbon and Oporto metropolitan areas. Even a tendency towards the formation of a "gigantic" urban agglomeration along the coast between the rivers Sado and Cávado can be seen. Unlike what has happened in some countries, the phenomenon of counterurbanisation has been insignificant in Portugal. It can even be said that new forms of urbanisation have appeared. It may also be said that the Lisbon Metropolitan Area is the main stage where the outcome of this Portuguese drama will be determined. It is for this reason that experts of different fields must concentrate their efforts on the study and reflection of the metropolitan phenomenon.
Mito e História nas Meditações de Rousseau sobre o Destino da Europa
Authors: Morujão Carlos ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

On se propose de montrer comment Rousseau analyse la situation de l’Europe de son temps et envisage la possibilité d’une régénération des États européens, finissant par mettre en doute la valeur thérapeutique du remède qu'il avait lui-même prescrit. On part de la théorie de l’état de nature et du passage de celui-ci à l'état social, dans lequel pourrait se trouver une explication du malheur présent. Finalement, on montre comment le mythe de l’état de nature, pourvu, avant tout, d'une valeur herméneutique, se trouve à la racine du pessimisme de Rousseau, en ce qui concerne le destin d’une Europe qui devient incapable de s’égaler à la grandeur du mythe.
A Note on Corporate Open Innovation: Engagement with Startups
Authors: Joseph Diana , Boni Arthur A , Abremski Dennis
Published: September 2021

This Note summarizes our findings based on an exploratory and initial global research study of best practices for organizations employing open innovation business model strategies. We utilized an expert interview approach to develop a survey that was taken during the Covid-19 pandemic. It was meant to assess open innovation strategies and tactics, particularly focused on partnering with startups and emerging companies. We worked with a cohort of Corporate Accelerator Forum (CAF) members (as experts), prior to a more extensive survey of corporations concerning their engagement with startups. Our experts included key leadership from Techstars, Bayer CoLaborator, and Illumina Accelerator. We plan a broader, more extensive survey of national and international companies as a follow up.  Our results highlight and provide commentary on current industry practices and trends during the Covid-19 pandemic, and have applicability to the biopharma, MedTech, and digital medicine/health markets.
Analysis of Fuel Alternatives for Commercial Ships in the ECA Era - There is no Silver Bullet
Authors: Van Rynbach Eugene A. , Briers Karl E. , DelGatto Nicholas
Published: September 2021

In the new era of ECA’s and alternative fuels, vessel owners/operators are faced with important decisions with significant cost and financial risks. The days of just using HFO without exhaust cleaning are over in the ECA’s and worldwide after 2020. Several alternative solutions for meeting the new emission regulations for a variety of ship types and sizes operating in a selection of trades are analyzed to determine their relative merits and costs. Three primary fuel alternatives were considered: a) Using MGO full time in the ECA now and worldwide after 2020 b) Using HFO with Scrubbersc) Using LNG The advantages and disadvantages of each fuel alternative are discussed and a cost and benefit analysis is developed for a variety of tanker and containership sizes, which can also be applied to other ship types such as bulk carriers, RoRo vessels, and multi-purpose vessels. No single fuel option stood out as the “best” solution for all ships in all services. It is hoped, however, that the analyses presented in this paper will demonstrate how owners can evaluate their service requirements, as well as the costs and benefits of the various options, in order to determine the best fuel alternative for their ships. The analysis work and time to prepare this paper were sponsored by Herbert Engineering Corp. It is intended for presentation at the November 18, 2014 meeting of the Chesapeake Section of SNAME.
The Role of Ozone in Marine Environmental Protection
Authors: Hughes K. D.
Published: September 2021

Ozone has an important but as yet largely unfulfilled role to play in reducing damage to marine ecosystems, as well as, improving the onboard environment and living conditions for all shipboard personnel. Ozone can provide pure and safe potable water that is critical to vessel safety as pure water has an immediate impact on the health and morale of both crew and passengers. Ozone can also be the central player to eliminate chlorine in the disinfection of sewage in a new type of MSD that recycles the water for reuse in toilets. Controlling the spread of non-indigenous, invasive species transported in ballast water is another beneficial and valuable application of ozone The in situ purification of potable water in the holding tanks is in use 24/7 aboard four US Navy-owned ships, Research Vessels Knorr, Atlantis, Roger Revelle, and Melville and one NSF-owned ship, R/V Oceanus. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was the first to opt for an ozone-based Water Quality Assurance system to treat water stored in the ship’s fresh water holding tanks in 1996andwith immediate success of the first installation the rest followed soon thereafter. The most recent installations of the Chem-Free WQA (Water Quality Assurance) system aboard new US Navy vessels are AGOR 27, R/V Neil Armstrong, commissioned in April 2014, and AGOR28 R/V Sally Ride. Ozone is also being used on board yachts from 31 ft. to over 300 ft., both power and sail, for indoor air quality and odor control, as well as odor control in the headspace of black and gray water holding tanks and simultaneous treatment of potable water.

The marine environment, be it fresh, brackish, or salt, is exceptionally delicate. Environmental changes wrought by the activities of human activities worldwide are happening far too rapidly for marine species to evolve strategies that are necessary to successfully deal with them. Maintaining the health and viability of the marine ecosystem is absolutely essential to protect all aquatic life forms, as well as, humanity itself and preserve them for posterity. This paper will details several uniquely different applications in which ozone can best be used to the benefit of the marine environment on both outside and inside a vessel’s hull.
Establishing an Electrical Safety Program
Authors: Neitzel Dennis K.
Published: September 2021

This paper provides insight into the requirements for developing an effective electrical safety program. It also provides recommendations and procedures for supervisors, electrical technicians, and engineers who operate and maintain the electrical equipment.
Noise Control Decision Process for Marine Vessels
Authors: Fischer Raymond W. , Pettit Louis M.
Published: September 2021

There is a price to be paid to achieve compliance with the acoustic requirements imposed by regulatory agencies. Acoustic requirements typically appear in ship specifications as airborne and/or underwater radiated noise limits as the need to preclude hearing loss for crew members and the need to control sound levels experienced by marine mammals receive more recognition. Recent changes and additions to regulatory body requirements addressing compartment airborne noise and underwater radiated noise can be found in IMO Resolution MSC.337(91) Annex 1 and Annex 2 which state that IMO Resolution A.468(XII) “Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships” shall take effect on 1 July 2014 for all SOLAS compliant vessels. Thus the airborne noise levels in compartments and at on-deck work stations onboard as-built ships seeking a SOLAS certificate will need to be measured, and must demonstrate compliance with noise limits stated in paragraph 4.2 of IMO Resolution A.468(XII). IMO “Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping to Address Adverse Impacts on Marine Life” dated 7 April 2014 and agencies such as ICES and DNV have established guidance and/or criteria for control of underwater radiated noise from vessels, and these too are now commonly appearing in ship specifications. Specifications referencing such criteria typically require that compliance be demonstrated by at-sea testing of underwater radiated noise. Making the correct decisions during the ship design process will minimize costs for noise control and will provide a positive return on investment. The process of how best to comply with noise limits while minimizing costs through optimization of noise control treatments and design approaches is discussed.
Evaluating the Use of Fiber Composites for Blast Protection on Vessels
Authors: Bingham Barry L. , Asaf Zvika , Bennett Raymond H. , Blass Tamir
Published: September 2021

The calculated performance of composite fiber panels is compared to the use of traditional crimped steel wall panels for providing blast protection on a vessel. The hypothetical designs for both systems are evaluated for a blast loading of 0.2 MPa with a positive phase duration of 150 milli seconds (ms). The analysis is performed using high fidelity finite element calculations for the basic comparison. The wall systems are quantitatively compared in terms of wall deflections and installed weight, and other advantages and disadvantages of the systems are discussed qualitatively.
Lean Response for Emergency Dry-Docking
Authors: Ghowel Ahmed Samir
Published: September 2021

As part of his study the author concluded a case study to show that lean manufacture should be implemented specifically in the case of emergency dry-docking which leads to an international competition in ship repair. This case study discusses an accident that happened to a bulk carrier while crossing the Suez Canal, where she was grounded from the forward area causing severe damage concentrated in the Fore compartment and separate localized other damage in way of the bilge keel. A request was sent from the owner to the surrounding shipyards to see the space availability for emergency dry-docking and the best approach for handling such case. For this case the author as project manager in the respective shipyard that had been selected, is illustrating what is done and what should be done as response for similar emergency Dry-docking
Shipboard Corrosion: Classification and Characterization of Corrosion with Strategies for Prevention
Authors: Morton Steve
Published: September 2021

Uniform wastage is often considered in ship design and construction; the more aggressive corrosions however are often not considered until too late. Practical shipboard corrosion problems may have multiple mechanisms, dependent on the materials of construction and the corrosion environment. This paper discusses specific examples of combined corrosions to include galvanic and crevice corrosion in saltwater, sensitization due to welding or heat treatment and exfoliation behaviors in addition to wastage. The primary mechanism as well as accelerating effects are identified with recommended strategies for prevention.
Robotic System for Surface Preparation and Application of Underwater Hull Coatings
Authors: Morton Steve
Published: September 2021

This presentation will explore the difference between the methods and processes used in today’s automotive industry and those coatings methods that are currently in use in the marine bottom painting industry. A comparison will be made between the current methods and more efficient, proven methods that can used for preparing and applying bottom coatings that will provide greater process control, greater throughput and a higher quality product.
Research on Ducted Propeller and Rudder Interactions in Extreme Conditions
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed F. , Corning Corning , Robert Robert , Lee Lee
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the results and analyses of a combined numerical-experimental study into the performance of three types of rudder to quantify the interactions between propeller, nozzle and rudder at extreme rudder angles. Conventional, flapped and triple rudders are studied numerically as well as experimentally to evaluate the drag, lift and moment generated by the rudders at moderate to extreme rudder angles and at forward propeller shaft speeds and inflow speeds. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the suitability of the three rudder types for a proposed cargo carrier in terms of controllability. The experiments were carried out at the self-propulsion condition of the model equipped with twin stock ducted propellers along with each of the rudder systems. An extensive numerical study was carried out to evaluate the performances of the three rudders in terms of flow velocity, pressure and wake fields. Drag, and lift for different angle of attacks are obtained for complicated propeller-nozzle-rudder arrangements. Investigations are carried out to study the effects of the interaction of the rudder with the propeller-nozzle assembly at extreme rudder angles at high as ±40°. For simplicity, the geometry of the vessel was not modelled in these simulations.

The experimental results are presented along with the computational results for all three rudder cases. The lift and drag measurements are in good agreement with the corresponding predictions for each of the rudder arrangements. The mutual interactions between the rudder and the propulsion system were captured in the simulations and were comparable with the corresponding measurements. The research reveals the nature of the velocity and pressure fields due to the complex interaction between the propeller, nozzle and rudders at extreme rudder angles. It is expected that the current investigation will assist naval architects, at the early design stage, to select the rudder type for their ships such that suitable maneuvering characteristics are obtained and stringent IMO maneuvering criteria are met.
Uncertainties of Climate Modeling and Effects on Wave Induced Bending Moment
Authors: Vanem Erik , Bitner-Gregersen Elzbieta M. , Eide Lars Ingolf , Garrè Luca , Hansen Peter Friis
Published: September 2021

Ocean going ships are exposed to the environmental forces from waves and wind and the expected environmental loads over the life cycle of the ship need to be taken into account in the design. Classification societies have, by gathering historical observations of met-ocean conditions, developed rules based on semi-analytical models for response and strength, empirically modified to obtain agreement with observations. The safety level of existing ship structures is thus, to a large extent, defined by failure statistics and proven by successful operational experience. The fundamental assumption behind this practice is that observed data are stationary and ergodic. Because of climate change this no longer holds, however, and within a climate change perspective, the historic data will not represent a valid met-ocean description of future conditions. Therefore, the effect of climate change needs to be considered in ship design and operations. Even though there is general agreement among the majority of the world’s leading climate scientists that the world is experiencing climate change, there are still large uncertainties related to any climate projections and this uncertainty must also be taken into consideration. In this paper, the potential effect of climate change on the ocean wave climate is investigated and the possible impacts on safety of ships are demonstrated using the wave induced bending moment as an example. In particular, projections of the wave climate for a location in the North Atlantic Ocean will be analyzed and related uncertainties will be presented. The results will be discussed in the perspective of a risk-based framework for climate change adaptation, which is adopted in order to evaluate different design options.
Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Waves on Tanker Design
Authors: Bitner-Gregersen Elzbieta M. , Hørte Torfinn , Eide Lars Ingolf , Vanem Erik
Published: September 2021

Global warming and extreme weather events reported in the last years have attracted a lot of attention not only in academia and media but also in the shipping industry. Three important questions have been in focus: will occurrence of extreme weather events increase in the future, which geographical locations will be most affected, and to what degree will climate change affect future ship traffic and design of ship structures. Observed and projected changes in wave conditions are expected to have the largest effect on ship design and operations in comparison to other environmental phenomena. The present study briefly summarizes recent investigations addressing changes of significant wave height in the North Atlantic, including the last findings of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), and discusses how these changes can be included in environmental description used for ship design. It is also interesting to notice that climate changes resulting in some ocean regions in increase of storm activity (intensity, duration and fetch) and changes of storm tracks may result in secondary effects such as increased frequency of occurrence of abnormal waves, also called rogue or freak waves. This study shows how the scientific findings on climate change and rogue waves can be incorporated in the risk-based approach used in current design practice of tankers, and ships structures in general. Further, it demonstrates the effect of climate change and rogue waves on tanker design, particularly on the safety level of current design practice. Finally, the present paper discusses how structural design of ships can be upgraded to account for climate change and rogue waves but economic consequences do not need to be significant.
A New Procedure for the Nonlinear Structural Response Analysis of Offshore Installations in Explosions
Authors: Paik Jeom Kee , Czujko Jerzy , Kim Sang Jin , Lee Jong Chan , Kim Bong Ju , Seo Jung Kwan , Ha Yeon Chul
Published: September 2021

This paper is a sequel to the previous two papers by the authors presented at SNAME annual meetings in 2012 and 2013. The key tasks for measuring and managing risks associated with hydrocarbon explosions include defining explosion loads and computing structural responses. In industry practice, such response analysis often involves applying uniformly distributed explosion loads to structures according to their nominal design values. However, uniformly distributed loads based on nominal values of structural design may not always fully reflect the actual situations of real explosion accidents, mainly because the actual characteristics of both explosion loads and structural responses are extremely nonlinear. Therefore, it is highly desirable to identify the non-uniform distributions of explosion loads and directly apply them to structures for the response analysis. To accomplish this, technical challenges must be met in terms of refined computations for loads, structural responses and interfaces between load definitions and structural analyses. This study develops a new procedure to resolve such challenges. In this procedure, FLACS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied to the characterization of blast loads. ANSYS/LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element methods (using plate-shell elements) are applied for nonlinear structural response analysis, and a computer program named FLACS2DYNA is developed to automatize the direct export of the FLACS simulations to the ANSYS/LS-DYNA computations. The contribution of this study is demonstrated through an applied example using a hypothetical topside structure of a VLCC-class FPSO that is exposed to hydrocarbon explosions. This example shows that the developed procedure can enable fast, accurate and reliable nonlinear structural response analysis, and subsequently allow better assessment and management of explosion risks.
Bulbous Bow Retrofit of a Containership Using an Open Source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Toolbox
Authors: Filip Grzegorz , Kim Dae-Hyun , Sahu Sunil , de Kat Jan , Maki Kevin
Published: September 2021

This paper describes a numerical bulbous bow retrofit analysis for a modern container ship operating under a slow-steaming profile. The retrofit analysis is used as an example of a design process based on high-fidelity CFD simulations and surrogate modelling. The bulbous bow design candidates are generated through a parametric modification of the original bow geometry. The alternative designs are evaluated using the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM and the computed effective power predictions are used to rank each design across the entire operating profile. Additionally, the influence of the alternative bulb designs on the wave-making resistance and the propeller performance is examined in detail. Surrogate models are then used to explore the parameterized design space and to establish a sequence of design exploration and exploitation cycles in the retrofit analysis with the ultimate goal of generating an improved bow shape.
Management Processes for a Large Passenger Ship Conversion
Authors: Miorelli Joseph
Published: September 2021

This paper addresses the typical functions and organization of a revitalization project for any cruise ship company including the general corporate requirements that define the project. The role of the Revitalization management team and the relationship of this group to the corporate organization, vendor base and shipyards is explained. The paper focuses on the process of revitalizing a modern cruise vessel that has been in service for many years. The organization and the functions of the management team are provided along with the interfaces and roles of the shipboard personnel. Typical inspection requirements and inspection processes are discussed. The paper illuminates the requirements of the revitalization process from inception up to and including re-delivery.
Enactivismo y valoración. Cómo superar la querella entre teorías somáticas y cognitivas de las emociones
Authors: Melamed Andrea
Published: September 2021

En este trabajo me propongo mostrar que es posible abordar el fenómeno emocional, atendiendo especialmente a los focos de conflicto entre cognitivistas y no cognitivistas, pero de un modo ligeramente distinto, sin buscar acomodar o subsumir el fenómeno emocional a partir de los estándares existentes, sino poniéndolos en duda. Específicamente, buscaré mostrar cómo ciertos conceptos adquieren nuevo significado en el del marco postcognitivista y permiten dar nuevas (y mejores) respuestas a viejos problemas.

In this work my aim is to show that it is possible to approach emotions, paying special attention to the sources of conflict between cognitivists and non-cognitivists, but in a slightly different way, without seeking to accommodate the emotional phenomenon within the standards of cognitive science, but questioning them. Specifically, I will show how certain concepts acquire new meaning in the post-cognitive framework and allow new (and better) answers to old problems.
Presentación del número monográfico sobre Expressing Hatred: The Political Dimension of Expressives
Authors: Pérez Navarro Eduardo , Frapolli Sanz María José
Published: September 2021

Desde hace unos años, se ha producido dentro de la filosofía analítica un movimiento de acercamiento a las prácticas reales y de huida de las idealizaciones no justificadas que pretende poner las herramientas conceptuales desarrolladas durante el último siglo al servicio de la justicia social. En el ámbito de la filosofía del lenguaje, este giro ha pasado por el análisis de expresiones del lenguaje natural que, por no encajar de forma completamente satisfactoria con la concepción del significado como condiciones de verdad, han recibido tradicionalmente poca atención. Sin embargo, estas expresiones juegan un papel fundamental en la comunicación con impacto político. Hablamos de los expresivos, esto es, expresiones que se utilizan para comunicar una cierta actitud. El propósito de este número especial de Daimon es ofrecer una panorámica de algunos debates que se están desarrollando en la actualidad en relación con la dimensión política de los expresivos, pero también de discusiones cercanas que en ocasiones se solapan con esta, tanto en filosofía del lenguaje como en ramas de la filosofía afines.

For some years now, there has been a movement within analytic philosophy to get closer to real practices and to flee from unwarranted idealizations in order to put the conceptual tools developed over the last century at the service of social justice. In the field of philosophy of language, this turn has involved the analysis of natural language expressions that, not fitting in a completely satisfactory way with the conception of meaning as truth conditions, have traditionally received little attention. However, these expressions play a fundamental role in communication with political impact. We are talking about expressives, that is, expressions that are used to communicate a certain attitude. The purpose of this special issue of Daimon is to offer an overview of some of the debates that are currently taking place in relation to the political dimension of expressives, but also of related discussions that sometimes overlap with it, both in philosophy of language and in related branches of philosophy.
Les sociétés à mission : l’épreuve du feu à l’heure de la crise économique déclenchée par la pandémie de COVID-19 ? L’expérience française
Authors: Desbarats Isabelle
Published: September 2021

Alors que des dizaines d’organisations privées françaises ont publiquement annoncé leur volonté de se convertir en « sociétés à mission », à quelles conditions l’octroi de ce « label vertueux » est-il subordonné et comment l’assumer ultérieurement ? L’enjeu n’est pas anodin, puisque se pose la question de savoir si « cette création juridique [relève] de l’effet d’annonce, voire du voeu pieu, ou [si elle est] réellement susceptible d’influer sur [le] système capitaliste et de lui conférer un supplément de raison d’être, voire un supplément d’âme » (L. Landivaux et G. Gien). L’actualité, à l’heure de la crise économique déclenchée par la crise sanitaire liée à la pandémie de COVID-19, reflète l’importance de ces questionnements et le « piège » menaçant les sociétés ayant résolu de se couler dans ce nouveau moule. En témoignerait le « cas » Danone présenté par certains comme une « allégorie de la faillite de cette idée de l’engagement volontaire. Le statut d’entreprise à mission donne un vernis de respectabilité. Mais on constate que les engagements ne tiennent pas face aux logiques de marché et ne permettent pas aux entreprises de s’en protéger » (S. Bommier 2020). Le sort des sociétés à mission « à la française » serait-il déjà scellé et leur échec, patent ? L’objet de cette contribution est de s’interroger sur les sociétés à mission « à la française », aujourd’hui soumises à une épreuve du feu déclenchée par la crise sanitaire.
THE VALUE OF FORMING ECOLOGICAL FRAMES OF TERRITORIES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Prokhorova Nadezda , Govedar Zoran , Moiseeva Evgenya
Published: September 2021

Modern approaches to the development of nature management are focused on the formation of a system of sustainable development of regions. Forest territories act as an edifier, which has a global impact on the state of all ecosystems under the conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure, reducing biodiversity and reducing the productivity of natural ecosystems When creating the ecological frameworks of territories, various research methods are proposed: information-analytical, comparative-geographical, the method of route survey of the territory, and cartographic. The reduction in the area of natural ecosystems leads to a significant reduction in the biodiversity of the most diverse groups of organisms. The extinction and significant reduction of species (very often even background for certain territories) leads to a decrease in genetic biodiversity, and, as a consequence, a disruption to evolutionary processes.
PRIMJENA FIELD-MAP TEHNOLOGIJE ZA POTREBE UZGOJNE ANALITIKE U VJEŠTAČKI PODIGNUTOJ SASTOJINI CRNOG BORA NA PODRUČJU SLATINE
Authors: Govedar Zoran , Bilić Srđan
Published: September 2021

Istraživanje je vršeno u vještački osnovanoj sastojini crnog bora koja pripada šumi posebne namjene u okviru park-šume Slatina. U radu je izvršeno prikupljanje podataka primjenom Field-Map tehnologije, koja je omogućila uzgojnu analizu osnovnih i pomoćnih elemenata strukture sastojine. Posebno je kreirana baza za prikupljanje podataka koja se odnosi na dendrometrijske karakteristike stabala i uzgojnu klasifikaciju. Analizom teksture sastojine na osnovu vizualizacije i mapiranja Field-Map tehnologijom izdvajana su stabla budućnosti u skladu sa njihovim karakteristikama i potrebama prostornog rasporeda. Vizualizacijom sastojine na osnovu horizontalnih i vertikalnih projekcija olakšano je praćenje promjene u sastojini nakon izvršene doznake stabala, odnosno uzgojnih zahvata. Prednost primjene Field-Map tehnologije u odnosu na tradicionalne metode prikupljanja i obrade podataka je u preciznosti, brzini obrade i smanjenim troškovima. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata analize definisane su optimalne uzgojne mjere (prorede) u sastojini i modelovane različite uzgojne situacije nakon doznake stabala.
Misic, a general deep learning-based method for the high-throughput cell segmentation of complex bacterial communities
Authors: Panigrahi Swapnesh , Murat Dorothée , Le Gall Antoine , Martineau Eugénie , Goldlust Kelly , Fiche Jean-Bernard , Rombouts Sara , Nöllmann Marcelo , Espinosa Leon , Mignot Tâm
Published: September 2021

Studies of bacterial communities, biofilms and microbiomes, are multiplying due to their impact on health and ecology. Live imaging of microbial communities requires new tools for the robust identification of bacterial cells in dense and often inter-species populations, sometimes over very large scales. Here, we developed MiSiC, a general deep-learning-based 2D segmentation method that automatically segments single bacteria in complex images of interacting bacterial communities with very little parameter adjustment, independent of the microscopy settings and imaging modality. Using a bacterial predator-prey interaction model, we demonstrate that MiSiC enables the analysis of interspecies interactions, resolving processes at subcellular scales and discriminating between species in millimeter size datasets. The simple implementation of MiSiC and the relatively low need in computing power make its use broadly accessible to fields interested in bacterial interactions and cell biology.
Finding the right sequence of drugs
Authors: Huynh Anh , Wood Kevin B
Published: September 2021

Rapidly switching between similar antibiotics may help to slow down the evolution of resistance.
Heaven's Wrath
Authors: Noorlander D.
Published: September 2021

Heaven’s Wrath explores the religious thought and religious rites of the early Dutch Atlantic world. The book argues that the Reformed Church and the West India Company forged and maintained a close union, with considerable consequences. Merchants, officers, sailors, and soldiers found in their faith an ideology and justification for mercantile, martial activities. The company, on the other hand, supported the church financially in Europe and helped spread Calvinism to other continents. Calvinist employees and colonists both benefitted from the familiar, comforting aspects of religious instruction and public worship. But the church-company union had a destructive side, too: Calvinists became the instruments of divine wrath in fighting Catholic enemies and punishing sinners and non-conformers in colonial courts, all of which imposed costs that the small Dutch Republic and its people-strapped colonies could not afford. At the same time, the Reformed Church in the Netherlands contributed to problems later blamed on the West India Company because the church kept an iron grip on colonial hires, publications, and organization. Heaven’s Wrath shows that the expense of the Calvinist-backed war and the church’s meticulous, worried management of colonial affairs hampered the mission and reduced the size and import of the Dutch Atlantic world.
Realm between Empires
Authors: Klooster Wim , Oostindie Gert
Published: September 2021

The Second Dutch Atlantic was a distinct era in Dutch colonial history, different both from the imperially-minded period from 1620 through 1680 and the years after 1815, in which the Dutch Atlantic faded into insignificance. While marked by a lack of geographic expansion, the Second Dutch Atlantic saw remarkable Dutch colonial and inter-imperial activity. On the one hand, the Dutch engaged in the Atlantic slave trade, built their own plantation colonies on the “Wild Coast” of South America, and developed their Caribbean islands into commercial assets. On the other hand, they were deeply involved in inter-imperial trade and finance. Maintained by slave majorities and, increasingly, free people of color as well as whites from various European backgrounds, the Dutch Atlantic realm was heterogeneous in its governance, religious profile, and ethnic composition.
Nature Rx
Authors: Rakow Donald , Eells Gregory T.
Published: September 2021

College students today display disturbing levels of stress, depression, and other psychological conditions. The reasons for this rise in mental health problems are many, from increased reliance on electronic technology, the related prevalence of social isolation, and anxiety regarding societal ills. College and university counselling centers are challenged to address student demand for psychological services, with many counseling directors having to reduce the number of visits for non-crisis patients to cope with the increasing number of clients.
While more serious mental health problems will continue to be addressed through intensive counseling, medications and, in extreme cases, hospitalization, the majority of young people can positively impact their mental well-being by simply spending time outside in nature. A large body of scientific evidence verifies that time spent in natural settings can lower young people's stress levels, anxiety, blood pressure and heart rate, and improve memory and cognitive functions.
College Nature Rx programs encourage students to spend time in nature and to develop greater appreciation for the natural world. We present a step-by-step formula for how such programs can be constructed, sustained, and evaluated, and profile four progressive Nature Rx programs at American colleges. In a final chapter, we argue for the need for such programs to the future health and strength of such institutions.
Dark Age Nunneries
Authors: Vanderputten Steven
Published: September 2021

The two-and-a-half centuries between 800 and 1050 are commonly viewed as a 'dark age' in the history of women's monasticism. Dark, in the sense that the realities of life in and around the cloister are difficult to access: the primary evidence is extremely fragmented; the context is ill-understood; and scholars’ findings are scattered across a multitude of case studies. But dark also in the sense that, according to the dominant academic narrative, women's monasticism suffered from the catastrophic disempowerment of its members, the progressive ‘secularization’ of its institutions, and - barring a few exceptions - the precipitous decline of intellectual and spiritual life.
Based on a study of forty institutions in Lotharingia – a multi-lingual, politically and culturally diverse region in the heart of Western Europe – this book dismantles the common view of women religious in this period as the disempowered, at times even disinterested, witnesses to their own lives. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, it highlights their attempts - and those of the men and women sympathetic to their cause - to construct localized narratives of self, nurture beneficial relations with their environment, and remain involved in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of the laity.
Our Frontier Is the World
Authors: Honeck Mischa
Published: September 2021

Since its founding more than one hundred years ago, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) has been a fulcrum in debates over what constitutes proper boyhood and manhood. Although the BSA developed a strong national identity, these debates had implications that extended far beyond the borders of the United States. Writing the global back into the history of one of the country’s largest youth organizations, Our Frontier is the World details how the BSA operated as a vehicle of empire from the Progressive Era to the countercultural movements of the second half of the twentieth century. American boys and men wearing the Scout uniform never simply hiked local trails to citizenship; they forged ties with their international peers, camped in foreign lands, started troops on overseas military bases, traveled to Africa, and even sailed to icy Antarctica. Weaving together these stories of youthful border-crossings, this book demonstrates how the BSA presented America’s complex engagements with the world as an honorable and playful masculine adventure.
The Comstocks of Cornell-The Definitive Autobiography
Authors: Comstock Anna Botsford
Published: September 2021

This book is the autobiography written by the naturalist educator Anna Botsford Comstock about her life and that of her husband, the entomologist John Henry Comstock—both prominent figures in the scientific community and in Cornell University history. A first edition was published in 1953, but it omitted key Cornellians, historical anecdotes, and personal insights. This twenty-first-century edition restores the author's voice by reconstructing the entire manuscript as Anna Comstock wrote it—and thereby preserves Comstock's memories of the personal and professional lives of the couple as she originally intended. The book includes an epilogue documenting the Comstocks' last years and fills in gaps from the 1953 edition. Described as serious legacy work, this book is an essential part of the history of both Cornell University and its press.
The Battle for Fortune
Authors: Makley Charlene
Published: September 2021

Based on long-term fieldwork in a rural Tibetan region in China’s northwest (2002-13), The Battle for Fortune is an ethnography of state-local relations among Tibetans marginalized underChina’s Great Develop the West campaign and during the 2008 military crackdown on Tibetan unrest. The study brings anthropological approaches to states and development into dialogue with recent interdisciplinary debates about the very nature of human subjectivity and relations with nonhuman others (including deities). The author does this by drawing on a linguistic anthropological approach to contested presence (as an ongoing “battle for fortune”). For most Tibetans, the active presence of deities and other invisible beings has been the ground of power, causation, and fertile or fortunate landscapes. The author thus takes divine beings seriously as interlocutors and parties to exchange in Rebgong, refusing to relegate them to a separate, less consequential, “religious” or “premodern” world. The book thus challenges readers to grasp the unpredictable, even violent, interpersonal dynamics at the heart of development projects in China and elsewhere. And it encourages a more multidimensional and dynamic understanding of state-local relations than mainstream accounts of development and unrest that portray Tibet and China as a kind of yin-and-yang pair for models of statehood and development in a new global order.
Wars of Law
Authors: Fazal Tanisha M.
Published: September 2021

This book assesses the unintended consequences of the proliferation of the laws of war. In 1856 there was one codified law of war. In 2018, there are over 70 such laws, and they place increasing constraints on belligerents. This increase has generated significant consequences for the commencement, conduct, and conclusion of both interstate and civil wars. States fighting interstate wars today prefer not to step over any bright lines where the laws of war would apply unequivocally. Thus, these states have stopped declaring war and concluding peace treaties. Rebel groups – particularly, secessionists that seek their own independent state – by contrast, have increasingly engaged with the laws of war. Secessionists are relatively unlikely to target civilians, and there is an increasing rate of peace treaty usage in civil wars that contrasts with the decline in interstate war. This research is based on two new major original datasets as well as a series of case studies, and is particularly unusual in combining analysis of interstate and civil wars.
Troubled Waters
Authors: Kamrava Mehran
Published: September 2021

This book examines the causes and consequences of each of those dynamics, both individually and collectively, that have made this small waterway and its surrounding areas one of the most volatile and tension-filled regions in the world. This pervasive insecurity, the book argues, is largely a product of four interrelated developments. The examination of these four central developments forms the central basis around which the book’s arguments are organized. Briefly, they include preoccupation with “conventional” security threats at the expense of pervasive, though largely intangible, non-conventional “critical security” issues; the flawed nature of the prevailing security architecture, which, ironically, perpetuates regional insecurity; the deliberate actions and policies of the regional and extra-regional actors involved in the Persian Gulf; and, the self-reinforcing nature of the region’s security dilemma.
More Than Words
Authors: Fox Richard
Published: September 2021

Grounded in extensive ethnographic and archival research on the Indonesian island of Bali, More Than Words challenges conventional understandings of textuality and writing as they pertain to the religious traditions of Southeast Asia. Through a nuanced study of Balinese script as employed in rites of healing, sorcery and self-defence, this book explores the aims and desires embodied in the production and use of palm-leaf manuscripts, amulets and other inscribed objects. Balinese often attribute both life and independent volition to manuscripts and copperplate inscriptions, presenting them with elaborate offerings. Commonly addressed with personal honorifics, these script-bearing objects may become partners with humans and other sentient beings in relations of exchange and mutual obligation. The question is how such practices of ‘the living letter’ may be related to more recently emergent conceptions of writing—which take Balinese letters to be a symbol of cultural heritage, and a neutral medium for the transmission of textual meaning. One of the book’s central aims is to theorize the coexistence of these seemingly contradictory sensibilities, with an eye to its wider significance for the history and practice of religion in Southeast Asia and beyond.
National Secession
Authors: Roeder Philip G.
Published: September 2021

National Secession asks which projects for new nation-states give rise to campaigns that cause discord—and sometimes mayhem—in the politics of existing states. This has been explained by identities, grievances, greed, and tactical-logistical opportunities. Yet, under the strategic constraints faced by most national-secession campaigns, the essential element in almost all campaigns is the ability of the campaign’s program to coordinate expectations within a platform population on a common goal so that independence becomes the only viable option. In their strategy of programmatic coordination, which has guided the most important national-secession campaigns, the critical task of campaign leaders is propagating an authentic and realistic nation-state project. This explains which campaigns are most likely to draw attention in the capitals of the great powers that control admission to the international community, bring their disputes with their central governments to an intractable deadlock, and engage in protracted intense struggles to convince the international community that independence is the only viable option.
The Clamor of Lawyers
Authors: Hoffer Peter Charles , Hoffer Williamjames Hull
Published: September 2021

This book explores a series of extended public pronouncements that British North American colonial lawyers crafted from 1761 through 1776. Most, though not all, were composed outside of the courtroom and detached from ongoing litigation. Although these writings and speeches have been long studied as political theory, they are rarely viewed as the work product of active lawyers—this despite the fact that key protagonists in the story of American independence were members of the bar with extensive practices. This book is an attempt to broaden our understanding of the role that lawyering played in framing and resolving the revolutionary crisis.
Courting Sanctity
Authors: Field Sean L.
Published: September 2021

Courting Sanctity traces the shifting relationship between holy women and the French royal court across the long thirteenth century. It argues that during the reign of Louis IX (r. 1226-70) holy women were central to the rise of the Capetian self-presentation as uniquely favored by God, that such women’s influence was questioned and reshaped under Philip III (r. 1270-85), and that would-be holy women were increasingly assumed to pose physical, spiritual, and political threats by the death of Philip IV (r. 1285-1314). Six holy women lie at the heart of the analysis. The saintly reputations of Isabelle of France and Douceline of Digne helped to crystalize the Capetians’ claims of divine favor by 1260. In the 1270s, the French court faced a crisis that centered on the testimony of Elizabeth of Spalbeek, a visionary holy woman from the Low Countries. After 1300, the arrests of Paupertas of Metz, Margueronne of Bellevillette, and Marguerite Porete formed key links in the chain of attacks launched by Philip IV against supposed spiritual dangers threatening the most Christian kingdom of France.
Hope and History
Authors: vanden Heuvel William
Published: September 2021

This book is the memoir of Ambassador William J. vanden Heuvel. It weaves together his most important public speeches and writings, compiled over a lifetime of public service, with anecdotes of his adventures as a second-generation American, a soldier, a lawyer, a political activist and a diplomat. The chapters touch upon themes that resonate as much today as they did when he first encountered them: the impact of heroes and mentors, the problem of racism in America, tackling the crisis in America's prisons, the plight and promise of the United Nations, America and the Holocaust, and the legacy of FDR. He describes how individuals, himself among them, have tackled some of America's most intractable problems with ingenuity and goodwill. Along the way, he shares his journey with some of the great characters of American history: Eleanor Roosevelt, William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan, Jack and Bobby Kennedy, Harry S. Truman, Jimmy Carter. With wisdom and humor, he argues for embracing all the challenges and opportunities that life in America can offer.