bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tindak Tutur Nggahi Panati Dalam Prosesi Lamaran Pernikahan Adat Bima: Suatu Kajian Pragmatik Serta Implikasinya Dalam Pembelajaran Mulok Di Sekolah
Authors: Arifuddin Arifuddin , Irham Irham , Indah Sulistia
Published: August 2024

This pragmatic study explained three research problems, namely (1) form and meaning of nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom, (2) the significance of speech act nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom, and (3) implication of study of speech act nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom towards development of local content at schools. The data were occurrences of speech act nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom and informants. Forms of speech act nggahi panati were used in three steps, namely proposal step in form of sodi ntaru, proposal core step in form of wi’i nggahi or pita nggahi, and post-proposal step in form of wa’a co’i. The forms and meanings of speech act nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom are described through the expressions or idioms and use of patu or pantun (traditional poetry). The significance of speech act nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom has communicative functions in the forms whose categories are classified based on representative, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative speech acts; in the cooperative principles based on maxim of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner; and in the good manner principles determined based on scales of formality, firmlessness, and friendship. Implication of analysis of speech act nggahi panati in the marriage proposal process of Bimanese custom is in the recommendation for learning of local content in local dialect in schools; which are implied in the aspects of conversation, communication, good language manner, language use, and cultural values.
Desain Kegiatan Belajar dan Sistem Pembelajaran
Authors: Nasir Muh. , Yaumi Muhammad , Mustami Muhammad Khalifah
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi desain kegiatan belajar dan system pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, yaitu tindakan pemanfaatan sumber perpustakaan, baik cetak maupun daring, untuk mencari makna tentang desain kegiatan belajar dan sistem pembelajaran. Peneliti menjelajahi perpustakaan nasional dan universitas, beberapa mesin pencari berbasis web untuk mengumpulkan informasi digital yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman yang mendalam tentang desain kegiatan belajar dan sistem pembelajaran, para pendidik dapat mengembangkan pembelajaran yang inovatif, menarik, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Desain kegiatan belajar yang interaktif dan sistem pembelajaran yang terintegrasi secara efektif dapat menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran yang memotivasi, memfasilitasi, dan mengoptimalkan proses belajar mengajar.
Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi, Cemaran Bakteri, dan Cemaran Logam Pada Susu Pasteurisasi Hasil Commisioning Teaching Factory Pengolahan Susu Politeknik Negeri Jember
Authors: Triardianto Dimas , Choirun Annisa’u , Adhamatika Adhima , Wibisono Yossi , Surateno Surateno
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi nilai nutrisi, cemaran bakteri, dan cemaran logam dari produk susu pasteruisasi hasil commisioning. cemaran mikroba yang dianalisis berupa bakteri coliform dan salmonella. Lalu, cemaran logam yang dianalisis berupa besi,  dan uji kualitatif kandungan logam berat. Seluruh analisa tersebut dilakukan di Laboratorium Analisa Pangan, Politeknik Negeri Jember. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas Nilai Nutrisi, Cemaran Bakteri, dan Cemaran Logam pada susu segar sebelum diolah dan susu pasteurisasi menunjukan proses pasteurisasi pada susu menurunkan nilai nutrisi, pada parameter kalsium susu segar bernilai 127 ± 1,24, setelah proses pasteurisasi bernilai 124 ± 2,42 Cmg/100gr. Parameter magnesium pada susu segar bernilai 14 ± 1,41, setelah proses pasteurisasi bernilai 12 ± 1,11 Mg/100gr. Parameter protein pada susu segar bernilai 3,6 ± 0,00, setelah proses pasteurisasi bernilai 3,3 ± 0,01 %. Parameter lemak pada susu segar bernilai 3,99 ± 0,04, setelah proses pasteurisasi bernilai 3,70 ± 0,01 %. Selain itu, proses pasteurisasi menurunkan nilai kandungan bakteri coliform yang awalnya bernilai > 24 menjadi > 18 Mpn/gr dan menurunkan nilai kandungan salmonella yang awalnya 1,2 x103 menjadi 0,0 x 101.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Merancang Alat Sederhana Dalam Praktikum Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep dan Sikap Ilmiah pada Materi Sistem Pernafasan SMA
Authors: Fadilah Solikhah Isti , Surakusuma Wahyu , Sanjaya Yayan
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan merancang alat sederhana dalam praktikum dinilai bermanfaat untuk pembelajaran karena berkaitan dengan penguasaan konsep dan sikap ilmiah siswa. Keterkaitan tiga variabel tersebut perlu diteliti lebih lanjut agar memberikan gambaran kepada guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh kegiatan merancang alat sederhana dalam praktikum terhadap penguasaan konsep dan sikap ilmiah siswa dalam pembelajaran materi sistem pernafasan. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian quasi eksperimen pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes penguasaan konsep, kuesioner sikap ilmiah dan kuisioner kegiatan merancang alat praktikum. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) untuk menguji hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan merancang alat sedernana dalam praktikum tidak memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap penguasaan konsep dan sikap ilmiah siswa. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa gambaran evaluasi pada pengembangan strategi pembelajaran yang berfokus pada aktivitas merancang alat sederhana dalam praktikum untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan membentuk sikap ilmiah siswa.
ANALISA PERAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM MANAJEMEN OPERASIONAL TERHADAP KOPERASI PP.NURUL JADID
Authors: Fahrudin Fahrudin , Sunaika Sunaika , Fitri Maulidatul
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted to find out how the analysis of the role of human resources in operational management on PP.Nurul Jadid cooperatives. The method that the researcher uses is descriptive qualitative method which uses interviews and observation methods. The results of the research obtained by the researcher indicate that the role of operational management on human resources has basically been done well or has been maximized, but in the supervision and planning of the role of human resources in evaluating it still has to be considered because there is no feedback between employees and employees. leader at work, and the planning is still less productive.
Analisis Reward Terhadap Kinerja Guru Di SMK Nurul Abror Al- Robbaniyyin Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Kholis Miftahul , Wicaksono Krisna , Riskiyanto Riskiyanto
Published: August 2024

Pendidikan merupakan aspek universal dalam kehidupan manusia yang penting untuk kemajuan dan perkembangan. Guru sebagai salah satu komponen penting dalam pendidikan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membentuk penerus bangsa yang unggul. Kinerja guru dalam dunia pendidikan sangat perlu diperhatikan, karena kinerja guru yang baik dapat meningkatkan prestasi siswa dan menumbuhkan semangat belajar siswa. Kinerja guru juga mempengaruhi pencapaian tujuan pendidikan. Kinerja dapat diartikan sebagai hasil kerja atau prestasi kerja yang dicapai oleh individu atau kelompok orang dalam suatu organisasi. Reward atau penghargaan adalah faktor eksternal yang penting dalam mempengaruhi perilaku guru dalam mendidik. Reward dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja guru, memiliki pengaruh positif dalam kehidupan guru, dan meningkatkan loyalitas guru terhadap pimpinan. Jenis reward yang diberikan kepada guru bermacam-macam, seperti penghargaan, imbalan, atau ganjaran. Pentingnya penggunaan sistem reward dalam pendidikan sebagai bentuk penilaian positif terhadap kinerja guru dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan kinerja guru serta berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas pendidikan.
Perancangan Sistem E-Learning Adaptif untuk Meningkatkan asil Belajar Siswa SD Negeri I Dawuan
Authors: Syaiful Syaiful , Hasyim Fuadz
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem e-learning adaptif guna meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SD Negeri I Dawuan  . Latar belakang penelitian ini mencakup permasalahan rendahnya hasil belajar siswa di sekolah meliputi ; Motivasi siswa yang rendah kerena meteri yang disajikan terlalukaku, metode pengajaran yang tidak sesuai dengan gaya belajar siswa saat ini atau kurangnya variasi dalam pendekatan pembelajaran dapat menghambat pemahaman dan retensi materi, fasilitas dan sumber daya pembelajaran yang kurang memadai, baik di sekolah maupun di rumah, membatasi akses siswa terhadap materi pelajaran. Potensi teknologi e-learning adaptif sebagai solusi dalam meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur untuk menganalisis teori-teori pendukung dan teknologi e-learning adaptif, observasi di SD Negeri I Dawuan  untuk memahami kebutuhan dan tantangan yang dihadapi, serta analisis kebutuhan pengguna yang dilakukan melalui survei. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil analisis, dilakukan perancangan sistem e-learning adaptif yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna dan kurikulum pendidikan yang berlaku. Rencana pembahasan mencakup tahapan implementasi sistem, pengujian, dan evaluasi untuk menilai kinerja dan efektivitas sistem e-learning adaptif yang telah dikembangkan. Kata kunci: e-learning adaptif, hasil belajar, SD Negeri I Dawuan.Kata kunci: e-learning adaptif, hasil belajar, SD Negeri I Dawuan.
Hidden Curriculum Analysis: Cultural Content of EFL Textbook
Authors: Fikri Abdul , Kardena Absharini
Published: August 2024

Curriculum is a fundamental framework in education. Some factors that influence the educational process sometimes cannot always be seen directly as known as hidden curriculum. The objective of this research is to analyse hidden curriculum specifically cultural content in EFL textbook. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected from an EFL English textbook named “Bahasa Inggris Tingkat Lanjut”. The researchers analysed the data based on a theory of Cortazzi & Jin, (1999). The result of this research reveals 6 source cultural contents, 6 international cultural contents, and 3 target cultural contents. The total cultural contents in EFL textbook are 15 cultural contents. Most of these cultural contents are presented in the EFL textbook in form of folktales.
KAJIAN YURIDIS IMPLIKASI CERAI TALAK (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN AGAMA BATAM)
Authors: Fitri Winda , Tampubolon Theresia , Santoso Inggrid Rosemary , Aprilia Vinny , Adiyanto Adiyanto , Ramadani Nur Anisa
Published: August 2024

Perceraian dalam hukum yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan kondisi berakhirnya suatu hubungan antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang terikat dalam pernikahan. Perceraian dapat meliputi cerai gugat dan cerai talak. Cerai talak merupakan perceraian yang diajukan oleh pihak suami kemudian untuk cerai gugat merupakan perceraian yang diajukan oleh pihak istri. Setelah suami dan istri secara sah bercerai, aka nada masa iddah bagi pihak perempuan. Istri yang diceraikan oleh suaminya memiliki hak yang wajib dipenuhi oleh laki-laki, yaitu mut’ah dan nafkah iddah. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian dengan pendekatan secara hukum normatif dan menggunakan sumber data sekunder, artikel ini akan membahas tentang bagaimana implikasi cerai talak pada para pihak yang bercerai serta bagaimana pertimbangan hakim terkait pembebanan Mut’ah dan Nafkah iddah dengan menganalisa putusan perkara nomor 2143/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Btm berdasarkan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Di mana dalam penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa apabila seorang istri yang mengajukan perceraian, maka istri wajib membayar biaya perkara di pengadilan dan biaya ganti rugi yang disebut iwadh. Sedangkan seorang suami yang mengajukan perceraian wajib memberikan mut’ah; memberikan nafkah, maskan dan kiswah; melunasi mahar yang terhutang apabila belum melakukan hubungan suami istri; dan memberikan biaya hadlanah kepada anak-anaknya yang belum mencapai umur 21 tahun.
PEMIKIRAN SAYYID MUHAMMAD AL-MALIKI TERHADAP MOTIF CHILDFREE GENERASI Z
Authors: Enri Auni Ayfa Fayzayil
Published: August 2024

The childfree decision is certainly motivated by a variety of motives. This paper aims to understand the motives for generation Z's childfree decision and analyze Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi Al-Maliki's thoughts on generation Z's childfree motives through the mafhum muwafaqah method. This research was conducted through a field study with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study reveal that the decision not to have children (childfree) is not only limited to married couples, but is also found among the unmarried generation Z. The motivations underlying this decision vary, as they are the same as those of the married couple.The motivations underlying this decision vary and include personal concerns, traumatic experiences and health conditions such as schizophrenia. With the results of analyzing Sayyid Muhammad's thoughts using the mafhum muwafaqah method, the motive for the decision to go childfree without being based on real specific emergency reasons is unacceptable and unjustified.The childfree decision is certainly motivated by a variety of motives. This paper aims to understand the motives for generation Z's childfree decision and analyze Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi Al-Maliki's thoughts on generation Z's childfree motives through the mafhu>m muwa>faqah method. This research was conducted through a field study with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of this study reveal that the decision not to have children (childfree) is not only limited to married couples, but is also found among the unmarried generation Z. The motivations underlying this decision vary, as they are the same as those of the married couple.The motivations underlying this decision vary and include personal concerns, traumatic experiences and health conditions such as schizophrenia. With the results of analyzing Sayyid Muhammad's thoughts using the mafhu>m muwa>faqah method, the motive for the decision to go childfree without being based on real specific emergency reasons is unacceptable and unjustified.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN DAIRI DALAM PENANGANAN KONFLIK ANTARA MASYARAKAT DENGAN PT. DAIRI PRIMA MINERAL
Authors: Gaol Alhoma Lumban , Widodo Pujo , Malik Ichsan
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penulisan artikel untuk memahami dan menggali peran Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Dairidalam penanganan konflik antara PT. Dairi Prima Mineral dengan masyarakat. Dengan subjek penelitianpemerintah daerah kabupaten Dairi, PT. Dairi Prima Mineral dan masyarakat terdampak. Penelitian inimenggunakan kajian pustaka atau studi pustaka dan berfokus kepada peran pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Dairi terhadap aksi penolakan masyarakat atas kehadiran PT Dairi Prima Mineral. Peran pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Dairi berdasarkan indikator menurut Biddle dan Thomas, belum sesuai dengan expectation (harapan) atau tuntutan masyarakat yaitu penolakan atas tambang PT Dairi Prima Mineral. Dikarenakan Norm (norma) yang mengatur pencabutan izin lingkungan dapat dilakukan apabila mengandung cacat hukum. Dan wujud tindakan pemerintah daerah dalam menanggapi tuntutan tersebut agar tidak melanggar norma, dengan menyurati Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, dan Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. Terlihat dari Evaluation (penilaian) dan sanction (sanksi), bahwa rangkaian aksi kelompok masyarakat yang menolak pertambangan PT Dairi Prima Mineral merupakan bentuk ketidakpuasan terhadap pemerintah daerah. Untuk menjalankan peran pemerintah daerah dalam penanganan konflik, sebaiknya hadir sebagai penengah dengan fasilitasi pertemuan antara masyarakat dengan pihak PT Dairi Prima Mineral.Kata kunci; Pemerintah Daerah; Kabupaten Dairi; Dairi Prima Mineral.
RELASI ADAT DAN PEMERINTAHAN DI PAPUA SELATAN: ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN
Authors: Sutiyo Sutiyo , Polyando Petrus , Aser Florianus , Ilham Teguh
Published: August 2024

Sistem otonomi khusus di Papua Selatan telah menempatkan adat, baik dalam arti aturan, norma, kelembagaan maupun kepentingannya, sebagai pilar utama penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan relasi adat dan pemerintah daerah Provinsi Papua Selatan yang terjadi saat ini dan merumuskan kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk memperkuat otonomi khusus. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adat di Papua Selatan masih menjadi aturan yang mengikat kehidupan, kelembagaan yang memfasilitasi interaksi, dan media untuk mengartikulasikan kepentingan. Selain dari pembentukan MRPS, penataan struktur dan tata kelola pemerintahan ternyata belum mampu menampung keluasan esensi otonomi khusus di bidang adat. Relasi antara adat dengan pemerintah daerah belum integratif, dimana pola yang terjadi digambarkan sebagai “birokrasi yang terpisah dari adat”. Kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan harmonisasi dan integrasi adat dengan pemerintah daerah adalah penguatan wewenang gubernur di bidang adat, pembentukan perangkat daerah tersendiri yang akan mengurusi persoalan adat, dan penciptaan aturan main yang tidak serba tertulis namun lebih pada penciptaan kesepakatan guna mengikuti dinamika persoalan yang berkembang.
Internalisasi Nilai Tasamuh dalam Tubuh Organisasi Masyarakat pada Ormas NU, Muhammadiyah dan LDII di Desa Jogoroto
Authors: Masruroh Sayidah Afyatul
Published: August 2024

The diversity of Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia causes different interpretations of many things, especially those related to religious matters which are not the main religious law. In reality these differences are not used as a basis for mutual understanding, but are exacerbated so as to ultimately lead to internal conflict. We should be concerned that awareness of internal tolerance cannot run well and lasts endlessly. Hopes of peace and harmony in Islam will be answered if we look at the village of Jogoroto, Jogoroto District, Jombang Regency. This article focuses on how to Internalize Tasamuh Values in Community Organizations. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. And the findings obtained are that the Internalization of Tasamuh Values in the Body of Community Organizations in Jogoroto Village is manifested in their daily behavior which always puts tolerance in social life, and that has become a culture. They argue that fellow Muslims are brothers, if there is a Muslim who is hurt then other Muslims will feel it.
Peran Dan Upaya KUA Kecamatan Jombang Terhadap Penyelesaian Permasalahan Wali Adhal Dalam Pernikahan
Authors: Maulidiyah Dina , Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Abstract- This research want to show and describe about the role and efforts of KUA in the process of resolving the guardian adhal case. To find about the analysis the problems of murrasa is towards the role and efforts made by the KUA the progress of resolving the guardian adhal problem. This research is about qualitative field research with the  descriptive-qualitative approach. In obtaining data, the author used the three data collection techniques, the interviews, observation and documentation. The author uses data analysis techniques from the data have taken, then analyzed using the maslahah mursalah theory. All of the research made the conclusion from the general research is that in implementing the role and efforts made by the KUA, the KUA plays a very big role in resolving problems, where the KUA uses methods by making the best efforts to reconcile the two parties who have problems with the guardian of adhal, with a process of tabayyun, by the parties. The KUA, visited the residence, provided understanding to both parties in the form of advice, and resolved the problems that occurred, where the efforts and roles carried out by the KUA were considered good and beneficial in dzhairiyah and spiritual terms, if viewed from the maslahah mursalah analysis.  
 
Keyword: The role, Efforts, Marriage, Resolving Adhal, Problems.
Natural overgrowth of long-fallow land in the Smolensk-Moscow district Central Rus-sian province of the southern taiga zone of the European part of Russia(on the example of the lands of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology)
Authors: Trofimov Ilya , Trofimova Lyudmila
Published: August 2024

For the purpose of agroecological assessment of lands, rational agricultural land use and environmental management, the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production &Agroecology has developed agro-landscape and ecological zoning of the Central Natural and Economic Region. Based on the results of zoning, an assessment of the land and fodder resources of the Smolensk-Moscow district is given. In order to assess the changes in the state of vegetation as a result of the natural overgrowth of long-fallow land, the authors made geobotanical descriptions for a six-year period (2012–2017) of their overgrowth. The results of the assessment of the natural overgrowth of long-fallow land can be reliably extrapolated to similar locations and habitats of vegetation within the Smolensk-Moscow District. Extrapolation is also possible on a larger scale for the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, where nat-ural overgrowth of deposits is one of the most important problems of agricultural production.
Transforming Teaching Practices: The Impact of ICT-Infused Professional Development Workshops - A Case Study
Authors: Ramulumo Moleboheng , Mphuthi Gabriel , Puleng Rankweteke , Mazibe Ernest , Mukhati Fulufhelo
Published: August 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-infused Teacher Professional Development (TPD) workshops in enhancing teaching practices and learning experiences within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. A qualitative research design was adopted to capture the experiences of a single teacher participant involved in these workshops. Findings from thematic analyses of interviews and observational data indicate that the workshops significantly improved teaching practices by aligning them with Bloom’s taxonomy and effectively addressing diverse student needs. However, the study revealed a lack of significant change in retention of electricity formulae among students, suggesting the need for varied instructional strategies. The study recommends broader incorporation of diverse teaching methodologies to meet evolving educational demands and to enhance effectiveness in STEM education. Despite its insights, the research calls for further investigation with a larger sample to better understand the widespread impact of ICT-infused TPD workshops across different educational settings.
Advancing Educational Practices: Insights from Global Innovations in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Haimi Mohd Adnan Airil , Kusmawan Udan
Published: August 2024

This editorial review consolidates findings from eight pivotal articles featured in the International Journal of Research in STEM Education, which collectively explore innovative educational strategies aimed at augmenting teaching efficacy and student learning outcomes. The synthesis covers a diverse range of approaches including ICT-infused professional development, STEM-based and problem-based learning, and the effects of inquiry-based instruction. Through comprehensive analysis, the review articulates how these methodologies enhance educational practices across various settings, advocating for their broader implementation. The paper emphasizes the critical role of adaptable teaching methods and the integration of technological and interdisciplinary strategies in contemporary education systems. It proposes actionable insights for educators and policymakers on leveraging these approaches to foster an educational environment that is both dynamic and inclusive.
Predictors of cerebral blood flow during surgery in the Trendelenburg position, and their correlations to postoperative cognitive function
Authors: Nordum Fredrik Hoff , Tveit Sjur Hansen , Idland Ane-Victoria , Øyen Lill Anette , Thomas Owen Matthew Truscott , Søvik Signe , Hyldebrandt Janus Adler
Published: August 2024

Background

In robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy surgery patients are tilted 30°–40° head-down. Knowledge of cerebral autoregulation and determinants of cerebral blood flow in this setting is limited, though postoperative cognitive impairment has been reported. This observational study describes the hemodynamic determinants of cerebral blood flow and dynamics of cerebral perfusion pressure during surgery in the Trendelenburg position and the correlations with postoperative cognition measures.

Materials and methods

We included patients scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy without known cerebrovascular disease. Cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, optic nerve sheath diameter as a surrogate for intracranial pressure, ultrasound-measured internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow and PaCO2 were recorded at six time points (awake, anesthetized, immediately after tilt, 1 h of tilt, just before end of tilt, and before emerging from anaesthesia). Comprehensive cognitive tests were performed before surgery and 10 and 180 days post-surgery. Data was evaluated using linear regression models.

Results

Forty-four males with a mean age of 67 years were included. Duration of anesthesia was 226 min [IQR 201,266] with 165 min [134,199] in head-down tilt. ICA flow decreased after induction of anesthesia (483 vs. 344 ml/min) and remained lowered before increasing at return to horizontal position (331 vs. 407 ml/min). Cerebral perfusion pressure decreased after 1 h tilt (from 73 to 62 mmHg) and remained lowered (66 mmHg) also after return to horizontal position. Optic nerve sheath diameter increased from mean 5.8 mm to 6.4 mm during the course of surgery. ICA flow correlated positively with cardiac index (β 0.367. 1 L/min/m2 increase corresponding to 92 ml/min increased ICA flow). PaCO2 had a positive effect on ICA flow (β 0.145. 1 kPa increase corresponding to 49 ml/min increased ICA flow), while mean arterial pressure had a negative effect (β −0.203. 10 mmHg increase corresponding to a 29 ml/min decline in ICA flow). We found no evidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusion

ICA flow and cerebral perfusion pressure were significantly reduced during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy surgery. ICA flow positively correlated with cardiac index and PaCO2, but negatively with mean arterial pressure. Postoperative cognitive function was not impaired.
Animal models, treatment options, and biomaterials for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Tan Xiyang , Li Guangzhi , Li Chenchen , Kong Chenfan , Li Huizhen , Wu Song
Published: August 2024

In the quest to tackle stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the synthesis of cutting-edge biomaterials and regenerative materials has emerged as a promising frontier. Briefly, animal models like vaginal distension and bilateral ovariectomy serve as crucial platforms for unraveling the intricacies of SUI, facilitating the evaluation of innovative treatments. The spotlight, however, shines on the development and application of novel biomaterials—ranging from urethral bulking agents to nano-gel composites—which aim to bolster urethral support and foster tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the exploration of stem cell therapies, particularly those derived from adipose tissues and urine, heralds a new era of regenerative medicine, offering potential for significant improvements in urinary function. This review encapsulates the progress in biomaterials and regenerative strategies, highlighting their pivotal role in advancing the treatment of SUI, thereby opening new avenues for effective and minimally invasive solutions.
Identifying the roles of miR-17 in ciliogenesis and cell cycle
Authors: Alanazi Ashwaq , Barui Ayan K. , Mohieldin Ashraf M. , Gupta Ankan , Ramchandran Ramani , Nauli Surya M.
Published: August 2024

Emerging evidence suggests a significant contribution of primary cilia to cell division and proliferation. MicroRNAs, especially miR-17, contribute to cell cycle regulation and proliferation. Recent investigations have highlighted the dysregulated expression of miR-17 in various malignancies, underlining its potential role in cancer. However, the correlation between primary cilia and miR-17 has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study examines the presence of miR-17 in primary cilia. The miR-17 expression is studied in selected ciliary protein knockdown cells. Using in situ hybridization (ISH), we identified the subcellular localization of miR-17 in both cilium and cell body. We confirmed the importance of miR-17, progesterone receptor membrane component-2 (PGRMC2), and monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3S) in cilia formation, as shown by the significant reduction in cilia and cilia length in knockdown cells compared to control. We also demonstrated the involvement of PGRMC2, GM3S, polycystin-2 (PKD2), and miR-17 in cellular proliferation and cell growth. Our studies revealed a hyperproliferative effect in the knockdown cells compared to control cells, suggesting the regulatory roles of PGRMC2/GM3S/PKD2/miR-17 in promoting cell proliferation. Overall, our studies conclude that ciliary proteins are involved in cell division and proliferation. We further hypothesize that primary cilia can serve as compartments to store and control genetic materials, further implicating their complex involvement in cellular processes.
Comparison of angiography-guided vs. intra-vascular imaging-guiding percutaneous coronary intervention of acute myocardial infarction: a real world clinical practice
Authors: Lin Ting-Yu , Chen Ying-Ying , Huang Shao-Sung , Wu Cheng-Hsueh , Chen Li-Wei , Cheng Yu-Lun , Hau William K. , Hsueh Chien-Hung , Chuang Ming-Ju , Huang Wei-Chieh , Lu Tse-Min
Published: August 2024

Background

The role of routine intravascular imaging in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of PCI guided by different imaging modalities in AMI patients.

Materials and methods

Data from AMI patients who had undergone PCI between 2012 and 2022 were analyzed. The mean follow-up was 12.9 ± 1.73 months. The imaging modality-either intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), or angiography alone-was selected at the operator's discretion. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization.

Results

Of the 1,304 PCIs performed, 47.5% (n = 620) were guided by angiography alone, 37.0% (n = 483) by IVUS, and 15.4% (n = 201) by OCT. PCI guided by intravascular imaging modalities was associated with lower 1-year rates of MI (1.3%, P = 0.001) and MACE (5.2%, P = 0.036). OCT-guided PCI was linked to lower rates of 1-year CV death (IVUS vs. OCT: 6.2% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.016) and MACE (IVUS vs. OCT: 6.4% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.032). Intravascular imaging modalities and diabetes were identified as predictors of better and worse 1-year MACE outcomes, respectively.

Conclusion

PCI guided by intravascular imaging modalities resulted in improved 1-year clinical outcomes compared to angiography-guided PCI alone in AMI patients. OCT-guided PCI was associated with lower 1-year MACE rates compared to IVUS-guided PCI. Therefore, intravascular imaging should be recommended for PCI in AMI, with OCT being particularly considered when appropriate.
Assessment of aortic stiffness during atrial fibrillation: solutions and considerations
Authors: Lundwall Kristina , Al Nouh Maria , Kahan Thomas , Spaak Jonas
Published: August 2024

Background

Methods to assess aortic stiffness are not validated during ongoing atrial fibrillation (AF) We aimed to determine whether aortic stiffness can be assessed reliably in patients during AF.

Methods and results

Carotid-to-femoral and aortic pulse wave velocity (cf/aoPWV), central blood pressure (BP), and augmentation index (AIx) were assessed by a two-site applanation method and a one-site cuff-based oscillometric method in 40 patients with persistent AF and repeated after cardioversion to SR. Mean age was 63 ± 8 years, 73% male, 50% hypertensive. For the two-site method, cfPWV values were slightly higher in AF than in SR (9.3 ± 1.8 vs. 8.5 ± 1.6 m/s, p < 0.001), whereas the one-site method provided similar values in AF and SR (10.1 ± 1.5 vs. 10.0 ± 1.8 m/s).The variability indices from the device was higher in AF for the two-site method (SD 2.5 ± 1.7 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5 m/s, p < 0.001) but similar in AF and SR with the one-site method (SD 0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2 m/s). Both methods yielded higher central BP (+4.8/+6.6 and +4.1/+5.7 mm Hg) and lower Aix (−6.8 and −9.1 mm Hg) in AF.

Conclusions

Aortic stiffness can be assessed during AF. Both methods yielded higher central BP and lower AIx in AF, but similar results for PWV in AF and SR, also when adjusted for BP changes. The two-site method showed high variability necessitating repeated measurements. The one-site method showed lower device-calculated variability and needed fewer repeated measurements.
AI in higher education: a systematic literature review
Authors: Castillo-Martínez Isolda Margarita , Flores-Bueno Daniel , Gómez-Puente Sonia M. , Vite-León Victor O.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The increasing reliance on technology within higher education necessitates a thorough examination of artificial intelligence’s (AI) application in academic research. This analysis aims to elucidate both the advantages and challenges associated with AI utilization, thereby paving the way for future inquiries. Such studies will be instrumental in delineating strategies for the effective integration of AI tools in scholarly research, ensuring their optimal use in advancing the field.

Objective

The purpose of this research is to identify the benefits and challenges of the use of AI in the field of scientific research by analyzing experiences that have implemented AI in scientific research carried out at the university level through a systematic literature review.

Method

The research questions that guided the systematic literature review were as follows: (1) What are the benefits of using AI in research? (2) What are the challenges of using AI in research? (3) What are the use and benefits of AI in scientific writing including limitations? (4) What are the main lines of research identified in studies that address scientific practice with artificial intelligence in the university context? The articles analyzed were published in 2023. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 85 articles were analyzed.

Results

The analysis allowed findings such as the usefulness of ChatGPT in different disciplinary areas, challenges such as being able to identify artificial intelligence resources limitations and benefits such as being able to make processes of different kinds more efficient.

Discussion

It was possible to establish that although the studies analyzed identified advantages in the application of AI in scientific research, it was also detected that it is necessary to have a critical and creative look to make use of AI resources, such as ChatGPT, in order to use them only as support tools and thus be able to take care of the rigor and quality in the elaboration of scientific texts.
Assessing sustainability competencies in contemporary STEM higher education: a data-driven analysis at Tecnologico de Monterrey
Authors: Valdes-Ramirez Danilo , de Armas Jacomino Laidy , Monroy Raúl , Zavala Genaro
Published: August 2024

In contemporary higher education within STEM fields, fostering and assessing sustainability competencies is essential for promoting lifelong learning with a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between innovation and environmental, social, and economic factors. However, training and grading processes for these competencies face significant challenges due to the intricate, adaptable, and multi-modal nature of current academic models. Better understandings and approaches to educating higher education STEM students in sustainability are paramount. Therefore, we have conducted a data-driven analysis on 159,482 records from 22 STEM programs at Tecnologico de Monterrey between 2019 and 2022, employing data science methodologies. These competencies align with the four dimensions of the UNESCO program “Educating for a Sustainable Future”: social, environmental, economic, and political. The study aims to identify the primary challenges faced by students in developing sustainability competencies within this flexible and multi-modal academic environment. Notably, the analysis revealed a widespread distribution of courses with sustainability competencies across all semesters and programs. By the end of the first semester, 93.5% of students had been assessed in at least one sustainability competency, increasing to 96.7% and 97.2% by the end of the second and third semesters, respectively. Furthermore, findings indicate that sustainability competencies are assessed 21 times on average by the end of the sixth semester, with varying levels of development. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in competency development based on gender, age, or nationality. However, certain competencies such as Commitment to sustainability, Ethical and citizen commitment, and Social Intelligence posed notable challenges across programs and semesters.
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of bamboo residues and its influence on physiochemical properties and enzymatic digestibility for bioethanol production
Authors: Ummalyma Sabeela Beevi , Herojit Ningthoujam , Sukumaran Rajeev K.
Published: August 2024

Bamboo is a perennial rapid-growing plant that is given preference for renewable biosources for biofuels and bio-based chemical conversion. Bamboos are rich in cellulose and have highly recalcitrant biomass due to high lignin. Bamboo is abundantly available in Northeastern India and can be utilized as a feedstock biofuels. Here, we evaluated the pretreatment of bamboo residues Dendrocalamus strictus with different concentrations of alkali, hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide and its influence on biomass digestibility for enhancement of sugar recovery with Celic C cellulase enzyme blend. Enzymatic hydrolysis data indicated untreated raw biomass showed a digestibility of 40% after 48 h of incubation. The biomass pretreated with alkali showed a maximum digestibility of 61% obtained from 10% loaded with 0.5% w/v NaOH. Pretreatment of the bamboo with H2O2 shows a maximum digestibility of 75% from biomass loaded with 1% w/v of H2O2. Combinational pretreatment of alkaline hydrogen peroxide showed a maximum efficiency of biomass digestibility of 83% attained from biomass loaded with 1% w/v NaOH-H2O2. Crystallinity index (CrI) analysis showed that CrI increased from 64% to 70.75% in pretreated biomass. FTIR and SEM analysis show changes in functional groups, morphology, and surface of biomass in pretreated biomass. Compositional analysis shows that 68% of lignin removal is obtained from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. Cellulose content increased from 52% to 65%, and hemicellulose decreased from 18.6% to 8.6%. Results indicated that the potential possibility of bamboo waste biomass as feedstock for biorefinery products and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment methods is an efficient strategy for sugar recovery for bioethanol production.
Changes in monocyte subsets in volunteers who received an oral wild-type Salmonella Typhi challenge and reached typhoid diagnosis criteria
Authors: Toapanta Franklin R. , Hu Jingping , Shirey Kari Ann , Bernal Paula J. , Levine Myron M. , Darton Thomas C. , Waddington Claire S. , Pollard Andrew J. , Sztein Marcelo B.
Published: August 2024

An oral Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) with wild-type S. Typhi was re-established allowing us to explore the development of immunity. In this model, ~55% of volunteers who received the challenge reached typhoid diagnosis criteria (TD), while ~45% did not (NoTD). Intestinal macrophages are one of the first lines of defense against enteric pathogens. Most organs have self-renewing macrophages derived from tissue-resident progenitor cells seeded during the embryonic stage; however, the gut lacks these progenitors, and all intestinal macrophages are derived from circulating monocytes. After infecting gut-associated lymphoid tissues underlying microfold (M) cells, S. Typhi causes a primary bacteremia seeding organs of the reticuloendothelial system. Following days of incubation, a second bacteremia and clinical disease ensue. S. Typhi likely interacts with circulating monocytes or their progenitors in the bone marrow. We assessed changes in circulating monocytes after CHIM. The timepoints studied included 0 hours (pre-challenge) and days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 21 and 28 after challenge. TD participants provided extra samples at the time of typhoid diagnosis, and 48-96 hours later (referred as ToD). We report changes in Classical Monocytes -CM-, Intermediate Monocytes -IM- and Non-classical Monocytes -NCM-. Changes in monocyte activation markers were identified only in TD participants and during ToD. CM and IM upregulated molecules related to interaction with bacterial antigens (TLR4, TLR5, CD36 and CD206). Of importance, CM and IM showed enhanced binding of S. Typhi. Upregulation of inflammatory molecules like TNF-α were detected, but mechanisms involved in limiting inflammation were also activated (CD163 and CD354 downregulation). CM upregulated molecules to interact/modulate cells of the adaptive immunity, including T cells (HLA-DR, CD274 and CD86) and B cells (CD257). Both CM and IM showed potential to migrate to the gut as integrin α4β7 was upregulated. Unsupervised analysis revealed 7 dynamic cell clusters. Five of these belonged to CM showing that this is the main population activated during ToD. Overall, we provide new insights into the changes that diverse circulating monocyte subsets undergo after typhoid diagnosis, which might be important to control this disease since these cells will ultimately become intestinal macrophages once they reach the gut.
The use of controlled human infection models to identify correlates of protection for invasive Salmonella vaccines
Authors: McCann Naina , Paganotti Vicentine Margarete , Kim Young Chan , Pollard Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

Controlled human infection model (CHIM) studies, which involve deliberate exposure of healthy human volunteers to an infectious agent, are recognised as important tools to advance vaccine development. These studies not only facilitate estimates of vaccine efficacy, but also offer an experimental approach to study disease pathogenesis and profile vaccine immunogenicity in a controlled environment, allowing correlation with clinical outcomes. Consequently, the data from CHIMs can be used to identify immunological correlates of protection (CoP), which can help accelerate vaccine development. In the case of invasive Salmonella infections, vaccination offers a potential instrument to prevent disease. Invasive Salmonella disease, caused by the enteric fever pathogens Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. Paratyphi A, B and C, and nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS), remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, resulting in over 200,000 deaths and the loss of 15 million DALYs annually. CHIM studies have contributed to the understanding of S. Typhi infection and provided invaluable insight into the development of vaccines and CoP following vaccination against S. Typhi. However, CoP are less well understood for S. Paratyphi A and iNTS. This brief review focuses on the contribution of vaccine-CHIM trials to our understanding of the immune mechanisms associated with protection following vaccines against invasive Salmonella pathogens, particularly in relation to CoP.
Assessment of the community status of seagrass bed and its relationship with environmental characteristics in Wenchang, Hainan Island, China
Authors: Fu Miao , Jiang Junyi , Wang Dacheng , Fu Guowei , Song Yanwei , Wang Hongbing , Zhang Daheng
Published: August 2024

As one of the typical coastal ecosystems, seagrass bed has important ecological service functions. In order to enrich the basic data of multispecies tropical seagrass beds, the main controlling factors affecting the community status of seagrass were identified. In this study, the species, distribution and community characteristics of seagrass in Wenchang were investigated at five stations in 2023, and Spearman correlation analysis and Redundancy analysis were used to investigate the relationship between seagrass and environmental characteristics. The results showed that there were 7 species of seagrass belonging to 5 genera in 2 families along Wenchang coast, including Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor and Halodule uninervis. The distribution of seagrass beds in Wenchang showed an obvious trend of degradation. Except for the relatively stable of seagrass beds in the central part of Wenchang, the seagrass beds on both the north and south sides decreased significantly, and the coverage of seagrass beds decreased from 24.31% in 2016 to 21.0% in 2020, and further decreased to 20.67% in 2023. The data showed that the coverage and aboveground biomass of seagrass were significantly positively correlated with temperature, and the density of seagrass was significantly positively correlated with DO, but significantly negatively correlated with COD. In addition, increased nutrient salts in the water column could negatively affect seagrass bed. In order to promote the sustainable development of seagrass ecosystem and enhance the stability of seagrass habitat, it is suggested to rationally plan the aquaculture scale of the surrounding area; flexibly manage the rake snail, rake clam and other fishing activities, appropriately reduce the frequency of mining; and scientifically plan marine engineering to reduce the damage to seagrass bed.
Prediction of machine learning-based hardness for the polycarbonate using additive manufacturing
Authors: A. Mahmoud Haitham , Shanmugasundar G. , Vyavahare Swapnil , Kumar Rakesh , Cep Robert , Salunkhe Sachin , Gawade Sharad , Abouel Nasr Emad S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary technology transforming traditional production processes by providing exceptional mechanical characteristics.

Methods

The present study aims explicitly to predict the hardness of Polycarbonate (PC) parts produced using AM. The objectives of this study are: (1) To investigate the process parameters that impact the ability to estimate the hardness of PC materials accurately, and (2) To develop a best-performing ML model from a range of models that can reliably predict the hardness of additively manufactured PC parts. Initially, fused filament fabrication (FFF), the most affordable AM technique, was used for the manufacturing of parts. Four process parameters, infill density, print direction, raster angle, and layer thickness, are selected for investigation. A heatmap is generated to obtain the influence of process parameters on hardness. Then, machine learning (ML) techniques create a range of predictive models that can predict hardness value considering the level of process parameters.

Results

The developed ML models include Linear Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-nearest neighbor, Support Vector Regression, AdaBoost, and Artificial Neural Network. Further, an investigation has been done that includes choosing and improving ML algorithms and assessing the models’ performance.

Discussion

Prediction plots, residual plots, and evaluation metrics plots are prepared to gauge the performance of the developed models. Thus, the research enhances AM capabilities by applying predictive modeling to process parameters and improving the quality and reliability of fabricated components.