bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avian Diversity Along An Altitudinal Gradient In Highveld/Drakensberg Grasslands
Authors: Kopij G.
Published: August 2015

Temperature and rainfall related to altitudinal gradients influence ecological and evolutionary responses of organisms to physical factors. In this study, the line transect method was used during the years 1996–2001 to compare resident (potentially breeding) bird communities in three altitudinal divisions in Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands in Lesotho: lowlands (< 1700 m a. s. l.), foothills (1700–2200 m a. s. l.) and highlands (> 2200 m a. s. l.). In total, 105 resident species were recorded. The total number of species recorded in lowlands was higher than that in highlands and foothills, but this difference was not statistically significant. The highland and foothill did not differ in numbers of species. A group of five species dominated at all three sites, and the proportion of dominant species in relation to the whole assemblage was very similar. The composition of the dominant group (species with more than 5 % of pairs) and the group of species most often encountered (in more than 80 % of transects) was, however, different. Only two species, Cape Canary Serinuscanicollis and Karoo Prinia Priniamaculosa were dominant in all three study areas, and just one species, the Cape Bunting Emberizacapensis, was dominant in two plots. Similarly, only two species, the Cape Turtle-Dove Streptopelia capicola and Cape Canary had a high frequency of occurrence in all three study areas, and two otherspecies, theKaroo Prinia and Cape Bunting — in two study areas. Simpson’s Diversity Index was strikingly the same (S = 0.96) for all three avian assemblages (lowland, foothill and highland) investigated. However, proportions of breeding pairs of some congeneric species were found to change with the altitude. The granivores were more common (44–45 %) in the foothills and highlands than in lowlands (36%), while insectivores were more common in the highlands (50 %) than in foothills and lowlands (36–37 %). In general, avifauna is relatively diverse and unique in the Highveld/Drakensberg grasslands. Results presented here provide data for further investigation of the effect of the supposed climate warming on the diversity and structure of avian communities.
A Unique Colony Of The Bobak Marmot, Marmota Bobak (Rodentia, Sciuridae), In Steppes Of The Right-Bank Ukraine
Authors: Rashevska H. V. , Semeniuk S. K.
Published: August 2015

The analysis of historical data on the the bobak marmot distribution and failed attempts to reacclimatize the species in the right-bank Ukraine are presented. The article also informs about finding in Mykolaiv Region a colony of the the bobak marmot which history dates back to 1988.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Nanostructured Copper
Particles on Graphite for Application in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Licht Björn Karl , Homeyer Fabian , Bösebeck Katharina , Binnewies Michael , Heitjans Paul
Published: August 2015

Graphitic materials are currently the state-of-the-art anode materials
for lithium ion secondary batteries. By chemical modification, the
electrochemical performance of the pristine materials can be
improved. In this paper we report on the preparation of nanostructured
copper particles on graphite by thermal decomposition of copper
formate. With this technique a novel, simple and low cost method for
a homogeneous deposition of nanostructured copper particles on
graphite was established. Different amounts of copper were realized
and their influence on the electrochemical behavior of the active
material was investigated. The copper particles had a size
distribution between 50 nm and
300 nm. Electrochemical measurements displayed an improved
performance of the synthesized composite material compared to the
pristine material. Cyclic voltammetry showed a suppressed
cointercalation of solvated lithium and an increased formation of the
solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Battery cycling demonstrated an
increased discharge capacity and cycling stability.
Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene in the Presence of Hydrophobically Modified Silica Aerogel Nanoparticles
Authors: Khezri Khezrollah , Alijani Hassan , Fazli Yousef
Published: August 2015

Pristine hydrophilic silica aerogel nanoparticles surface was
functionalized with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). Then, the resultant
modified nanoparticles were used for in situ polymerization
of styrene by activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom
transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) to synthesize
well-defined polystyrene nanocomposites. Success surface modification
of hydrophilic silica aerogel nanoparticles with HMDS is demonstrated
by FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption
isotherm is applied to examine surface area and structural
characteristics of the synthesized hydrophobic silica aerogel
nanoparticles. Evaluation of size distribution and morphological
studies were also performed by SEM and TEM. Conversion and molecular
weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion
chromatography respectively. Adding of hydrophobic silica aerogel
nanoparticles by 3 wt % results in a decrease of conversion
from 89 to 64%. Molecular weight polystyrene chains
decreases from 53991 to 42701 g · mol
–1 by
addition of 3 wt % hydrophobic silica aerogel nanoparticles;
however, polydispersity index values increases from 1.22 to
1.6. A peak around 4.15 ppm which originates from
hydrogen atom of terminal units of polystyrene chains in proton
nuclear magnetic resonance spectra can appropriately demonstrate the
living nature of the polymerization. Increasing thermal stability of
the nanocomposites is demonstrated by TGA. Differential scanning
calorimetry shows a decrease in glass transition temperature from
80.3 to 68.9 ℃ by addition of 3 wt %
hydrophobic silica aerogel nanoparticles.
Color Separation of Signature and Stamp Inks to Facilitate Handwriting Examination
Authors: Chaikovsky A , Brown S , David LS , Balman A , Barzovski A
Published: August 2015

The questioned documents laboratory often encounters cases where handwriting that is to be examined intersects with some interfering factor such as a rubber stamp, typewriting or background printing. In these cases, line direction, beginning and ending features of letters and other fine details of the handwriting may be lost in the "noise" of the intersecting ink. The purpose of this paper is to show several new digital photography methods that may be used to “subtract” the effect of the intersecting ink, thereby enhancing that of the handwriting ink in order to enable the document examiner to conduct a complete examination. These methods have the advantage of being fast and do not involve the use of expensive material or equipment.

Several new methods are described that may be used to separate the colors of the handwriting ink from that of the intersecting ink: the analog method and several digital methods such as RGB-HSB-CMYK, L*a*b color, and color separation using the Channel Mixer function of Adobe Photoshop.

Successful application of these color separation methods to specific handwriting ink/rubber stamp ink color combinations shows that the effect of the intersecting ink may indeed be minimalized if not canceled altogether. Application of the suggested methods may well make the difference between a nonconclusive handwriting examination and a full analysis of the questioned handwriting.
Novel Paternity Testing by Distinguishing Parental Alleles at a VNTR Locus in the Differentially Methylated Region Upstream of the Human H19 Gene
Authors: Naito EN , Dewa K , Fukuda M , Sumi H , Wakabayashi Y-I , Umetsu K , Yuasa I , Yamanouchi H
Published: August 2015

Conventional PCR-based genotyping is useful for forensic testing but cannot be used to determine parental origins of alleles in DNA specimens. Here we describe a novel method of combined conventional genotyping and PIA typing (parentally imprinted allele typing) at a minisatellite region upstream from the H19 locus. The PIA typing uses two sets of primers and DNA digested with methylation-sensitive Hha I enzyme. The first amplification produces only the methylated fragment of paternal H19 allele, and the second detects polymorphism in the minisatellite. Hence, this distinguishes paternal and maternal alleles by difference in the DNA methylation. Furthermore, the polymorphism in this polymorphic locus was examined using 199 unrelated Japanese and 171 unrelated Germans, their polymorphism information content being 0.671 and 0.705, respectively. Feasibility of this typing is demonstrated for six families, and the usefulness is shown by application to paternity testing.
Coexistence and Concentrations of Ethanol and Diazepam in Postmortem Blood Specimens: Risk for Enhanced Toxicity?
Authors: Holmgren P , Jones AW
Published: August 2015

Both ethanol and diazepam are classified as depressants of the central nervous system and exert their effects via the GABAA receptor complex. We report the coexistence and concentrations of ethanol, diazepam, and its primary metabolite nordiazepam in a case series of 234 forensic autopsies collected over a ten-year period. Diazepam, nordiazepam, and ethanol were determined in femoral venous blood by highly selective gas chromatographic methods. The mean (median) femoral blood concentrations were ethanol 0.24 g/100 mL (0.25 g/100 mL), diazepam (D) 0.23 μg/g (0.10 μg/g), nordiazepam (ND) 0.24 μg/g (0.20 μg/g), sum (D + ND) 0.43 μg/g (0.30 μg/g), and the ratio D/ND was 1.19 (1.0). When cause of death was attributed to alcohol and/or drug intoxication (N = 50), the mean and median blood-ethanol concentration was higher, being 0.36 g/100 mL and 0.38 g/100 mL, respectively, whereas the mean (median) and range of blood-diazepam concentrations were about the same, 0.23 μg/g (0.10 μg/g) and 0.05 to 1.2 μg/g. The femoral-blood concentrations of diazepam and nordiazepam were highly correlated (r = 0.73), but there was no correlation between the concentrations of ethanol and diazepam (r = -0.15). In another 114 fatalities (all causes of death) with diazepam and/or nordiazepam as the only drugs present, the mean (median) and range of blood-diazepam concentrations were 0.22 μg/g (0.10 μg/g) and 0.03 to 3.5 μg/g. The pathologists report showed that none of these deaths were classed as drug intoxications. The impression gleaned from this study of ethanol-diazepam deaths is that high blood-ethanol concentration is the major causative factor. We found no evidence that concurrent use of diazepam enhanced the acute toxicity of ethanol, although interpretation is complicated by the high blood-ethanol concentration (median 0.38 g/100 mL), making it difficult to discern an added effect of diazepam.
The Gander Disaster: Dental Identification in a Military Tragedy
Authors: Brannon RB , Morlang WM , Smith BC
Published: August 2015

The authors record the contributions of dentistry to the identification of victims of one of the most significant disasters in aviation and U.S. military history-the December 1985 crash of a DC-8 charter airliner near Gander, Newfoundland (now known as Newfoundland and Labrador), Canada, which killed 248 Army personnel and 8 crewmembers. Most of the dental records of the military victims were destroyed in the crash, and, as a result, this loss hampered dental identification. Nevertheless, dental identification was the primary means of identification for many because a very high percentage of the bodies were severely burned and fragmented. Many phases of the U.S. identification efforts have been reported, but the dental-investigation aspects have been mentioned only in passing. Therefore, this article documents the dental team's organization, methodology, and a variety of remarkable problems that the team encountered.
Discriminant Function Sexing of the Calcaneus of the South African Whites
Authors: Bidmos MA , Asala SA
Published: August 2015

The skull and some postcranial elements, such as the humerus, femur, and tibia, have been used in their intact states for sex determination in forensic and archaeological cases. But, in practice, these bones are often recovered in fragmented states, which render them unsuitable for use in sex determination. The calcaneus is a compact bone that is able to withstand high tensile forces. Some of its parameters have been used for sex determination in American whites and blacks (1) and Italians (2). This bone has not been used for sex determination in the South African white population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the degree of sexual dimorphism of the calcaneus of the South African white population sample, derive discriminant function score equations for use in sex determination, and determine the level of accuracy of its sex-determining ability. Nine parameters were measured on each pair of 53 male and 60 female calcanei of known South African white skeletons, obtained by a random sampling technique from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Basic statistic and discriminant function analysis was performed on the acquired data. The basic statistics showed that all measured parameters were sexually dimorphic. Discriminant function score equations were generated for use in sex determination. The average accuracy of sex classification ranged from 73 to 86% for the univariate method, 81 to 91% for the stepwise method, and 82 to 92% for the direct method. It is concluded that the calcaneus is useful for sex determination in the South African white population.
3D Surface and Body Documentation in Forensic Medicine: 3-D/CAD Photogrammetry Merged with 3D Radiological Scanning
Authors: Thali MJ , Braun J , Wirth J , Vock P , Dirnhofer R
Published: August 2015

A main goal of forensic medicine is to document and to translate medical findings to a language and/or visualization that is readable and understandable for judicial persons and for medical laymen. Therefore, in addition to classical methods, scientific cutting-edge technologies can and should be used. Through the use of the Forensic, 3-D/CAD-supported Photogrammetric method the documentation of so-called "morphologic fingerprints" has been realized. Forensic, 3-D/CAD-supported Photogrammetry creates morphologic data models of the injury and of the suspected injury-causing instrument allowing the evaluation of a match between the injury and the instrument. In addition to the photogrammetric body surface registration, the radiological documentation provided by a volume scan (i.e., spiral, multi-detector CT, or MRI) registers the sub-surface injury, which is not visible to Photogrammetry. The new, combined method of merging Photogrammetry and Radiology data sets creates the potential to perform many kinds of reconstructions and postprocessing of (patterned) injuries in the realm of forensic medical case work. Using this merging method of colored photogrammetric surface and gray-scale radiological internal documentation, a great step towards a new kind of reality-based, high-tech wound documentation and visualization in forensic medicine is made. The combination of the methods of 3D/CAD Photogrammetry and Radiology has the advantage of being observer-independent, non-subjective, non-invasive, digitally storable over years or decades and even transferable over the web for second opinion.
Time Since Discharge of Shotgun Shells
Authors: Wilson JD , Tebow JD , Moline KW
Published: August 2015

A technique for the estimation of time since discharge of a given class of spent shotgun shells is presented. The technique involved the use of SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) sampling from the atmosphere inside spent shotgun shells. Compounds absorbed on the SPME fiber were desorbed and analyzed with GC-MS. The decrease in concentration of the combustion product naphthalene was monitored in all shells over a two-month period. Three conditions were examined to prevent naphthalene from escaping prior to testing the shells. A glass vial was successfully incorporated to halt the dissipation of naphthalene. At room temperature the naphthalene peak can be measured for several months and the curvefitting data can lead to an estimation of time since discharge.
Meningitis Following Gunshot Wound of the Neck
Authors: Spitz DJ , Ouban A
Published: August 2015

It is generally assumed that a missile fired from a gun is subjected to sufficient heat to render it sterilized (1,2). For this reason, retained bullets are not usually considered a source of infection. The infectious complications associated with gunshot wounds are typically attributed to perforation of a hollow viscus with leakage of gastrointestinal contents causing peritonitis or intra-abdominal abscess. There are several reports of bacterial meningitis involving the spinal cord in gunshot wounds that perforate the intestine prior to involving the thoracic or lumbar vertebral column (3–6); however, there are no published reports of cerebral meningitis resulting from a retained projectile in the spinal canal in which there was no injury to the gastrointestinal tract. This manuscript describes a woman who died as a result of unsuspected acute bacterial meningitis which developed secondary to a gunshot wound of the neck. The projectile fractured the first thoracic vertebra, lacerated the dura and contused the spinal cord at the C7-T1 junction. Meningitis developed at the C7-T1 level and ascended along the cervical spinal cord to the brain. The infection caused acute neurologic deterioration and death four days following the initial injury.
Enhancing Contrast of Fingerprints on Plastic Tape
Authors: Steele CA , Ball MS
Published: August 2015

Many of the currently available fingerprinting methods have limited ability to visualize fingerprints on plastic tape without expensive equipment or significant handling of the sample. This is especially true for visualizing fingerprints on black electrical tape. This study sought a hands-off method to produce easy visualization of fingerprints on different types of plastic tape, including black electrical tape, without the need for expensive equipment. The methods selected were to sublime disperse dyes into the tape, both with and without the fuming of cyanoacrylate, everywhere except for where the fingerprint was applied. The resulting color contrasts provided enough differentiation to visualize fingerprints on plastic tape under ambient light. Sequential fuming with cyanoacrylate followed by disperse dyes provided the best visualizations on all tapes, and cyanoacrylate followed by disperse yellow 211 clearly visualized fingerprints on black electrical tape.
Allele Diversities and Haplotypes of Two Novel Y-STR in a Chinese Population
Authors: Dai HL , Wang XD , Dong JG , Zhang HJ , Hou YP , Li YB , Wu J , Zhang J
Published: August 2015

A total 107 EDTA-blood samples was collected from unrelated males of Han population in Chengdu of China. DNA was extracted utilizing the Chelex-100 method (1). The allelic variation at the two Y-STR loci named as DYS544 and DYS587 were analyzed by PCR amplification. Each PCR reaction contained 2-5 ng human genome, 1 × Taq buffer, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 μM each dNTP (Pharmacia Biotech, Sweden), 2 U Taq polymerase (Promega Corporation), 0.3 μM each primer, in a total volume of 37.5 μL. PCR amplifications were carried out in a GeneAmp PCR System 9600 (Perkin-Elmer) with pre-denaturing for 2 min at 94°C, followed by 33 cycles of denaturing for 30 s at 94°C, annealing for 60 s at 58°C, and extension for 30 s at 72°C.
Review of: Practical Aspects of Interview and Interrogation, 2nd Edition
Authors: Horvath F , Blair JP
Published: August 2015

Interviewing and interrogation, two of the most important tasks of an investigator, are skills that are developed over time. Proper development requires well-directed, systematic and appropriate training. Although there are principles that feature in such training, how those are applied depends on several circumstantial factors, including, of course, the interrogators' personal characteristics. There are a number of books now available on the market that purport to "teach" investigators how to conduct interviews and interrogations. This book, a revision of an earlier edition by the same authors, is one of them.
Commentary on: Wu AHB, Bellantoni NF. Stability of cholesterol gall stones after 165 years of burial. J Forensic Sci 2003;48(3):633-634.
Authors: Sturner WQ
Published: August 2015

The paper of Wu and Bellantoni on the stability of gallstones after long term burial brings to mind one of the most famous and notorious forensic cases of the century-the "Acid Bath" murders by John George Haigh in 1949 in England (1).
Bivalvia, Cyrenidae, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774): new record, density, and population structure in the Teles Pires River, northern Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Poleze Michele , Callil Claudia Tasso
Published: August 2015

Corbicula fluminea is a very prolific invasive species around the world. In order to document the dispersal of this species in the Midwest Region of Brazil, we sampled 10 sites in the Teles Pires River in September 2006 and September 2012. We standardized the sampling effort by the number of drags, distance and size of the sieve. The average density of C. fluminea in 2006 was 6.36 individuals/m2 and 26.42 individuals/m2 in 2012. Corbicula fluminea is adapted to regional environmental characteristics such as climate, temperature and rainfall, and could become a problem in new hydroelectric dams that are setting up on site.
Development of the System of Education Management in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Želvys Rimantas , Aganina Kundyz , Zhunusbekova Aziza
Published: August 2015

The article discusses the possibilities of developing the system of education management in Kazakhstan. The long-term strategy “Kazakhstan-2050” indicates that education is one of the main priorities for the Kazakh state. The main goal of education reforms in Kazakhstan is to adapt the system of education to a changing socio-economic environment of the country. Professional specialists in the field of education management are vitally important as they will have to reform and manage the newly developing system of education. Many national and foreign researchers assume that the most effective way of training education managers is granting them a higher education degree. In order to find out what is the opinion of students studying in the field of education, a preliminary survey of students at a National Abai Pedagogical University was conducted. 140 students of pedagogical-psychological studies on a Masters level were interviewed, including 90 women and 50 men. 79 percent of respondents acknowledged the importance of studying education management. 86 percent claim that education management should be studied on a Masters level, 7 percent prefer to study education management on a Bachelor, and 7 percent – on a Doctoral level. Preliminary survey showed that majority of respondents prefer to study education management on a Masters level; however, currently there are no Masters studies of education management in Kazakhstan, as well as in other Central Asian republics – Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Studies of education management are limited to specialized courses in pedagogical high schools and in-service teachers training institutes. The Tempus EDUCA project “Modernization and development of teacher training and education management studies in Central Asia” is supposed to help in dealing with this problem. The aim of the project is to introduce competence-based learning and management training in the systems of higher education in three Central Asian countries. The education management program developed by the authors of the article is aimed at Masters students and teachers of primary education at National Abai Pedagogical University; however, the program should also contribute to further development of education management in Kazakhstan.
The Information Literacy of the Students Studying Mathematics and Computer Science Programs at University
Authors: Pečiuliauskienė Palmira , Damauskienė Loreta
Published: August 2015

The paper examines the information literacy of the students studying mathematics and computer science programs considering the following components of the theoretical model of information literacy: 1) understanding the purpose and the need for the information; 2) determining the strategy for the information retrieval and obtaining the information; 3) selection and processing the information, 4) use of the information for the intended objective; 5) ethical and legal use of the information. This paper compares the components of students’ information literacy and explains the differences between them as well as the factors causing these differences.

It has been revealed that the strategic and ethical abilities of mathematics and information science students are mostly developed, in particular ethical and legal use of information (average of correctly completed tasks is 56.35 %), and research purpose and need of understanding (average of correctly completed tasks average is 50.46 %).

The information selection and processing abilities are weakest (average of correctly completed tasks is 38.08 %) and the abilities of determining information strategies and search of information also are weak (average of correctly completed tasks is 40.99 %).

ANOVA (analysis of variance) identified statistical significant difference between five groups of information skills. Turkey test has revealed the homogeneity of two ability groups (3 – Selection and management of information and 2 – information retrieval and information strategy for the achievement).
Identifying Foreign Suppliers in U.S. Merchandise Import Transactions
Authors: Kamal Fariha , Krizan C. J. , Monarch Ryan
Published: August 2015

International trade data capturing relationships between importing and exporting firms provides new insight into the activity of trading firms, but the quality of such disaggregated data is unknown. In this paper, we assess the reliability of two-sided data from the United States by comparing the number of foreign suppliers from U.S. import data to origin-country data. Such exporter counts tend to be lower than the same counts from raw U.S. data. We propose and implement a set of methods that align the totals more closely. Overall, our analysis presents broad support for usage of U.S. data to study buyer-supplier relationships.
Ressurreição de fantasmas
Authors: Alves Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2015

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Poema bula
Authors: Claver Ronald
Published: August 2015

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Dois pequenos esboços
Authors: Carvalho Walden Camilo De
Published: August 2015

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Você
Authors: Porto Maria Consuelo Neiva
Published: August 2015

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Poemicida
Authors: Godoy Marlúcio José De
Published: August 2015

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Postal de Minas
Authors: Oliveira Liliana Helita Torres Mendes
Published: August 2015

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O tecedor da chuva
Authors: Lyon Sandra
Published: August 2015

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Poema
Authors: Martins Max
Published: August 2015

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Soneto do relógio de pulso
Authors: Penafort Ernesto
Published: August 2015

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O nascimento dos leões
Authors: Gomes Duílio
Published: August 2015

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O soldado arcanjo
Authors: Carneiro Plínio
Published: August 2015

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Roteiro da mina de morro velho
Authors: Araújo Henry Correa de
Published: August 2015

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A viagem
Authors: Carneiro Plínio
Published: August 2015

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Livro de registros
Authors: Carvalho Ana Cecília
Published: August 2015

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Na pensão de dona Romana
Authors: Gomes Danilo
Published: August 2015

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O chefe
Authors: Gouvea Jaime Prado
Published: August 2015

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A mecânica do imutável
Authors: Emediato Luiz Fernando De Souza
Published: August 2015

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Pirâmide
Authors: Akl Sâmia
Published: August 2015

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Certidão de idade
Authors: Proença Ana Maria Donagema
Published: August 2015

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As minas que o mar banhou
Authors: Noronha Mônica De Catella
Published: August 2015

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Funeral do Tempo
Authors: Pontes P.
Published: August 2015

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Meu caso de lixo
Authors: Firmino Hiran
Published: August 2015

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Antes que esfrie
Authors: Carvalho Walden Camilo De
Published: August 2015

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O aguadeiro
Authors: Barbosa Kenneth Albernaz
Published: August 2015

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Notas para o roteiro de um romance
Authors: Gomes Danilo
Published: August 2015

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Solidão urbana
Authors: Neves Osias Ribeiro
Published: August 2015

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Perplexidade
Authors: Costa Antônio Carlos Gomes da
Published: August 2015

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Navigari necesse
Authors: Queiroz Sônia Maria De Melo
Published: August 2015

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Quem
Authors: Carvalho Ana Cecília
Published: August 2015

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Jato
Authors: Alves Luiz Carlos
Published: August 2015

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Aquém
Authors: Pereira Danilo Dos Santos
Published: August 2015

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Um sistema de informação geográfica na web para auxiliar pesquisas biológicas sobre a fauna ameaçada de extinção
Authors: Veinberg Pablo Sebastian , Ayres Fausto Véras Maranhão , Bellini Bruno Cavalcante , Sá Ivandro Claudino de
Published: August 2015

Os recursos naturais, assim como a sua exaustão, constituem um tópico de importância capital na atualidade. A União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza criou, em 1963, um projeto que visa catalogar espécies que apresentam algum nível de risco de extinção, através da observação de critérios referentes às suas populações e áreas de distribuição. Ao mesmo tempo, no Brasil, a avaliação da biodiversidade e seu status de conservação é tema importante na agenda política nacional. Este trabalho visa oferecer à comunidade acadêmica um sistema de informação geográfica na web que permita catalogar informações técnicas e geográficas das espécies ameaçadas de extinção de maneira simples e dinâmica, possibilitando obter resultados mais precisos nas pesquisas biológicas. A precisão e a dinamicidade são alcançadas através da integração de tecnologias de banco de dados geográficos e de mapas, possibilitando ao usuário o georeferenciamento de espécies durante o processo de cadastro e de consulta. No processo de desenvolvimento do sistema, considerou-se uma arquitetura em camadas e a utilização de padrões de projeto.
Avaliação preliminar da qualidade da água em área de extração de mariscos no Rio Paraíba, Cabedelo/PB
Authors: Fernandes Ane Josana Dantas , Lúcio Maria Mônica Lacerda Martins , Araújo Daisy Lee Sales de , Guedes Liohane Lilian Ramalho , Trajano Leandro De Lima , Santos Ana Paula De Sena , Andrade Rômulo Wilker Neri de
Published: August 2015

Avaliou-se a qualidade da água que margeia as croas Lombo da Vara, Croa do Ferro e Boca do Rio, localizadas no estuário do Rio Paraíba, nas proximidades do bairro Renascer do município de Cabedelo/PB. Em cada croa foram monitorados dois pontos, totalizando seis pontos. A amostragem foi realizada mensalmente durante os meses de junho a novembro de 2013, sendo as coletas realizadas em triplicata. Os parâmetros avaliados compreenderam temperatura, turbidez, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido e os nutrientes amônia, nitrito e fosfato. Os resultados foram discutidos levando em consideração a Resolução CONAMA N° 357/05, que classifica a área do estuário em estudo como sendo de água salobra de classe 2. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de contaminação por amônia que é proveniente dos efluentes do presídio do Roger, do bairro do Renascer e de um viveiro de camarão localizado na região. No entanto, a amônia é arrastada pela dinâmica da maré, permanecendo em baixa concentração no meio. Esta, em um segundo momento, é oxidada a nitrito, que foi encontrado em valores baixos, estando de acordo com a Resolução CONAMA N° 357/05. O fosfato também esteve dentro dos padrões exigidos. Faz-se necessário um maior tempo de monitoramento da água, assim como a inserção de outros parâmetros como coliformes.
O uso da plataforma de desenvolvimento OMAP-L137/TMS320C6747, de processamento digital de sinais, na implementação de filtros digitais
Authors: Palitó Thamyres T. C. , Florentino Caio S. , Costa Silvana Cunha , Correia Suzete E. N. , Dias Michel C.
Published: August 2015

Nas últimas décadas a tecnologia tem evoluído rapidamente com a grande demanda por equipamentos para processamento digital de sinais. O Digital Signal Processor (DSP) é um microcontrolador especializado, com alto poder de processamento, utilizado normalmente no tratamento de sinais de áudio e vídeo. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma ferramenta didática para a implementação de filtros digitais Finite Impulse Response (FIR) no módulo de avaliação OMAP-L137/TMS320C6747. Para o projeto do filtro é utilizada a interface gráfica fdatool do MATLAB e para a implementação o software Code Composer Studio v3.3. Um filtro passa-baixas foi implementado e testado no processo de filtragem de um sinal de voz.
Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. - Rhamnaceae: características biogeoquímicas e importância no bioma Caatinga
Authors: Dantas Francisca Clenilda Pereira , Tavares Maria Lucine Rocha , Targino Micaela Da Silva , Costa André Pereira da , Dantas Francisco Odair
Published: August 2015

Este artigo pretende discutir sobre o bioma Caatinga, tendo como foco principal a espécie Ziziphus joazeiroMart. - Rhamnaceae, popularmente conhecida como juazeiro, estabelecendo uma articulação entre suascaracterísticas biogeográficas, sua função ecológica e seu potencial de bioconcentração, considerando comoparâmetro o ciclo biogeoquímico. Para tanto, optamos por realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o temaora discutido. Assim, observamos que o juazeiro é uma das plantas endêmicas da Caatinga mais exploradaspelo Homem, sendo utilizado por ele em diversas atividades sem uma maior reflexão, fator este que temocasionado a degradação ambiental na região do semiárido. Tais atividades deveriam ser desenvolvidas demaneira sustentável, proporcionando harmonia entre o ser humano e a natureza. No entanto, isso geralmentenão tem ocorrido de forma efetiva, em decorrência, por exemplo, da falta de informações adequadas sobreo próprio bioma pela população que nele habita. Caso não sejam tomadas ações concretas que promovam aminimização da degradação do bioma, o ciclo biogeoquímico da Caatinga poderá ser afetado drasticamente.
Automação de baixo custo para reservatórios de água
Authors: Santos Maraiza Prescila dos , Oliveira José Kleber Costa de
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho apresenta uma automação de baixo custo para sistemas de abastecimento de água compostos por três reservatórios, que tem como meta amenizar um problema muito comum em reservatórios de água, principalmente naqueles denominados como elevados ou superiores: o extravasamento, responsável por causar desperdício de água e de energia elétrica. Por isso, o principal objetivo da pesquisa relatada neste trabalho foi desenvolver uma automação que permita ao sistema funcionar com eficiência e eliminar o desperdício. Para isso, foram utilizados tecnologias e dispositivos de baixo custo. Um estudo de caso foi realizado nos reservatórios de água do IFPB – Câmpus Cajazeiras, que apresentavam as características de extravasamento, então foi implementada a automação para aplicação do modelo teórico elaborado pela pesquisa. A automação proposta foi desenvolvida com dispositivos eletromecânicos e com o Arduino Uno como plataforma de desenvolvimento lógico. Com a aplicação desta pesquisa puderam-se perceber algumas vantagens, como a eliminação do desperdício de água por extravasamento e a liberação do operador que até então era responsável pelo funcionamento do sistema. Além disso, houve uma grande satisfação por parte dos autores, por esta ter sido uma excelente oportunidade de agregar conhecimentos teóricos e atividade prática para propor uma solução diante de uma problemática real.
Processo baseado em modelos para promover o alinhamento entre estratégia de negócio e TI
Authors: Oliveira Karlos Thadeu Matias Vital de , Pires Paulo De Figueiredo , Filgueira Geam Carlos de Araújo , Filgueira Jannayna Domingues Barros
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem baseada em modelos que tem como objetivo propor a criação de um processo de alinhamento estratégico concreto que seja capaz de permitir a rastreabilidade entre os objetivos organizacionais e as atividades dos processos de negócio de uma organização, tomando como base para isso, o formalismo MDA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada e motivada pela necessidade de resolver problemas concretos. Assim, a resolução do problema é a prioridade em detrimento do método. Além disso, a pesquisa é de natureza exploratória. Esse tipo de abordagem se preserva neste estudo, pois apesar de haver forte contexto teórico, o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de natureza como a aqui proposta demanda um conjunto de suposições, que findam por verificar-se verdadeiras. Como resultado, esse processo provê o alinhamento através da definição de diferentes níveis de modelos, os quais provêm uma transição contínua desde a representação do conhecimento estratégico até a representação operacional das atividades de processos que visam atender a essa estratégia.
Psychometric Properties of the Three Pathways to Well-Being Scale in a Large Sample of Argentinean Adolescents
Authors: Góngora Vanesa C. , Solano Alejandro Castro
Published: August 2015

The Authentic Happiness Theory considers that well-being can be reached by three main pathways: a pleasant life, an engaged life, or a meaningful life. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Three Pathways to Well-being scale in Argentinean adolescents and compares that to prior results for Argentinean adults. A sample of 255 Argentinean adolescent students (110 boys, 145 girls) aged between 13 and 18 years ( M age = 15.5, SD = 1.6) was used in this study. The participants completed the Spanish versions of the Three Pathways to Well-being scale, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the Personal Wellbeing Index. Confirmatory factor analyses verified the three-factor structure of the test, accounting for 46% of the variance. The internal consistencies were α = .76 for the pleasant life, α = .80 for the engaged life, and α = .70 for the meaningful life. Concurrent validity was examined with the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Personal Wellbeing Index, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the engaged life was the pathway most strongly associated with the positive related measures.
Analysis Of Damage Arising From Exploitation Of The Aircraft
Authors: Woźny Piotr , Błachnio Józef
Published: August 2015

During exploitation, due to a variety of reasons, aircrafts are damaged or suffer from different failures. In the process of operation, using appropriate methods of diagnosis, failure, damage, and relative deregulation of individual elements or units can be detected. For this purpose, one can apply a number of indirect diagnostic methods with the use of recorded diagnostic signals or a direct diagnosis with the use of non-destructive methods. The proper identification of the technical condition allows to determine the causes of irregularities and take actions aimed at preventing their occurrence. The article presents the types of exploitation damage of a multi-purpose aircraft. In addition, the criteria for the division of damage and research methods of the causes of damage are presented. Furthermore, an analysis of the scope of activities to be performed during the research of causes of damage to the aircraft is made.
Synthetic Diagnostics Of The JET System Of The JET-2 Unmanned Drone
Authors: Sabak Ryszard
Published: August 2015

In recent years, , newer and newer designs of unmanned air vehicles have been appeared and in a spread and spread area. That is why, their service and in particular their diagnostics should be carried out both before and in each flight. In this paper, a description of both unmanned air vehicle JET-2 and its units and control system are presented. The paper includes also description of signals which are transmitted in a real time from the dron to the flight control station. These signals enable to state whether the vehicle works in a correct way. An interactive diagnostics model is presented as two united equations of state which are based on an observation that the usable value of the UAV resulting from its working standards, depends on its technical condition and what is more, technical condition depends on its working condition (intensity of usage). It should be stated that technical conditions are an environment for working conditions and working conditions are an environments for technical conditions. Presented model gives a comprehensive information about technical and working capability of a vehicle. It enables to plan next flights taking into account their currant potential and capability.
An Icing Of Aircraft – Reasons, Consequences, Counteraction
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Janusiak Kazimierz , Poradowski Michał
Published: August 2015

The article presents reasons of an helicopter’s ising as well as an aircraft’s ising. The maion attention is addressed a conteraction of an ising. Autors divide the problem an two groups: an ising of an airframe – mostly lifting surfaces, an ising of engines. According to authors reasons, an extension (first of all) consequences of airframe’s ising considerably differ from seemingly similar events in an engine. The considerable attention is concentrated on a connteraction of consequences of an ising during the flight. The most complicated ising referes to helicopters, considering their particular aerodynamics characteristics. The autors dedicated is greather attention. Results reached during investigations of heating rotor blades in ITWL are presented.
The Image Brightness Control System Dedicated For The Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Cieśluk Jakub , Gosiewski Zdzisław
Published: August 2015

The investigations of systems which allow to avoid obstacles by the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are presented in the paper. The systems are designed to enable the full autonomous UAV flight in unknown, dynamic environment. Presented solutions enable to real-time control of the image brightness, without significantly disturbing the objectivity of the vision system. Single board ADSP-BF537 computer with built-in CMOS camera was used in the experimental studies. The final stage of the task is to perform fully autonomous missions of flying object with the real obstacles on its trajectory.
Editor’s Message Vol.4(3)
Authors: Bhandari Govinda
Published: August 2015

Not available.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: I-I
VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION OF VAN PANCHAYAT FORESTS IN KUMAUN HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND
Authors: Pandey Jyoti , Lodhiyal L. S.
Published: August 2015

Study deals with the vegetation structure and regeneration in Van Panchayat forests in Nainital of Kumaun Himalaya. The analysis of forest was done in three sites i.e. hill top, hill slope and hill base forest site. Tree density in Jungalia and Soangaon Van Panchayats ranged from 80-2070 and 50-5270 individual ha-1 respectively. Importance value index was 8.11-137.29 in Jungalia gaon Van Panchayat while 15.65-143.04 in Soangaon Van Panchayat. Species diversity ranged from 0.09-1.97 in Jungalia gaon and 0.17-0.44 in Soangaon Van Panchayat. The occurrence of higher number of seedlings in both the Van Panchayat showed good regeneration potential of tree species. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 69-80
THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FOUR FODDER BEET CULTIVARS (BETA VULGARIS VAR. CRASSA) AFFECTED BY AUTUMN AND WINTER SOWING
Authors: Al-Jbawi Entessar , Bagdadi Mohamad , Nemr Yousef
Published: August 2015

There is renewed interest in fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production in Syria. However, recommended agronomic practices for maximizing productivity are limited. A field experiment was conducted in season 2011-2012 to study the effect of autumn and winter sowing on yields and its components of four fodder beet cultivars. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plots arrangement with three replicates, sowing dates were assigned to the main plots and fodder beet cultivars (Jamon, Splendids, Starmon and Vermon) were allotted to the sub plots. The results of T-Test exhibited the superiority of autumn date as compared with winter date, but in a small percentage. Sowing dates and varieties exhibited highly significant (p?0.05) differences in most of the studied characteristics (shoot weight.plant-1, root/shoot ratio, root and shoot yield (t.ha-1). Varieties affected all of the production traits significantly (p?0.05). Vermon surpassed the other cultivars in terms of the production studied traits. The conclusion is to sow fodder beet in autumn time in Al Raqqa, Syria, to attain the highest yield and yield components traits. Also The study recommends further trials identify optimum agronomic practices especially harvesting date, soil type, land preparation, fertilization and spacing in the other sites in Syria.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 121-129
ELEVATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF TREE DIVERSITY IN LOWER HIMALAYA: A CASE STUDY OF PHULCHOKI HILL, NEPAL
Authors: Kattel Ruska , Devkota Bimala , K.C. Laxman
Published: August 2015

Changes in tree species composition with elevation have been studied at three distinct altitudinal ranges on the basis of dominance, in sub-tropical and temperate forests on south slopes of Phulchoki hill, central part of lower Himalaya, Nepal. The greatest number of tree species was found in the low altitude (1600 m), followed by intermediate altitude (1950 m). The highest altitude (2650 m) contained only one distinct tree species (Oak). Site I has higher species diversity (Shannon Index: 2.1863, Evenness Index: 0.852) and density (5575 individual per hectare) dominated by Castonopsis indica, Quercus glauca, Myrica esculenta and myrsine capitellate. Site II has average species diversity (Shannon Index: 1.759, Evenness Index: 0.9) and an average density (2150 individual per hectare) dominated by Rhododendron arboretum, Castanopsis tribuloides and Quercus incana. At site III the forest is entirely dominated by Quercus semicarpifolia, a high altitude Oak. A linear trend of decreasing tree species diversity and density along with elevations was seen which might be because of intense afforestation by communities at lower elevation as site I and II under community managed forest and lower altitudinal ecozone with clear zonation of elevational vegetation types.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 130-139
FIELD BASED ASSESSMENT OF FOLIAR BLIGHTS DISEASE OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Basnet Roshan , Upadhyay Shesh Raman , Gautam Nutan Raj , Puri Ramesh Raj , Pandey Deepak
Published: August 2015

Wheat, the third major staple crop of Nepal has been suffered from many diseases. Various diseases are the major limiting factors of considerable wheat production, one of them is Spot blotch. Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid regions of the Nepal. The fungus has a worldwide distribution but as a pathogen it is the most aggressive under the conditions of high relative humidity and temperature associated with the low fertility of soils in South Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. The yield loss due to the disease is very significant Nepal. This experiment was conducted to identify the genotypes (crossing) having good level of resistance against spot blotch. The experiment set was received from CIMMYT comprises 52 entries and arranged in alpha lattice design with two replication in 2012/13 at NWRP, Bhairahawa condition. Three times diseases scoring were done in double digit method and calculated the Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Heading days, days to maturity, plant height and test weight were found highly significant but the grain yield and AUDPC were not significant among the entries. However, the grain yield and test weight (50.5 gm) were found higher where the AUDPC was lower recorded in genotype 6719 (4046 kg/ha and AUDPC 488.33) followed by genotype 6737 (3765 Kg/ha and AUDPC 576.9) and genotype 6718 (3550 kg/ha and AUDPC 596.33). International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 140-150