bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Interface Character of Drying Binderless Fiberboard
Authors: Jin Chun De , Li Jian , Zheng Rui Xian
Published: June 2010

The ways of chemical component analysis, chemical analysis photoelectron energy spectrum (ESCA) analysis and X ray diffraction were used to research and analyze the variation law of material (wood) chemical component, functional groups and cellulose crystallinity in the process of making board. The results showed that：(1) The maximum contents of holocellulose and pentosan were wood, in the next place were fiberboard, and the minimum one were binderless fiberboard. The maximum contents of α-cellulose were woodfiber, in the next place were wood, and the minimum one were binderless fiberboard. The minimum contents of xylogen were wood, in the next place were woodfiber, and the maximum one were binderless fiberboard. (2) The C1and C3 functional groups relative contents of woodfiber and binderless fiberboard were higher than wood. The C2 functional groups relative contents of wood were higher than woodfiber and binderless fiberboard. The C4 functional groups relative contents of woodfiber were zero, and the binderless fiberboards were higher than wood. (3)The maximum cellulose relative crystallinity was binderless fiberboard, in the next place was fiberboard, and the minimum one was wood.
Yangtze River Water Treatment by Spiral UF Membrane with Coagulation Pretreatment
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Guo Zhen , Xiao Zi Wen
Published: June 2010

To further determine the effects of operational condition on water quality and to prepare a integrated unit for waterworks on a small or medium-sized in future, an experiment using Yangtze River source water(site in Zhenjiang) as raw water was carry out to run continuously for six months by applying the in-line microflocculation/sand filtration/ spiral UF membrane process. The results show that the coagulant dosage of 3~5 mg/L(as Fe), the sand filtration at a speed of 19.5m/h and the filtration flux at 1m3/m2.d can efficient in discharging the most suspensions, and a part of organics from water can de removed. The turbidity in sand-filtration treated water value of 3~10 NTU may cause little change in trans-membrane pressure difference and increase operating efficiency, while turbidity value is less than 2 NTU , much change is observed in the trans-membrane pressure difference. Although the wash pressure and membrane feed water quality have effect on the trans-membrane pressure difference, the wash pressure is not an important influencing the trans-membrane pressure difference.
Study on Accounting System of Evaluation of Environmental Resource Based on Strategy of Green Economy
Authors: Li En Zhu , Wei Lian Bo , Liu Chang Lin
Published: June 2010

With the method of theoretical analysis, this paper illustrates the characteristics of new accounting system in green economy systematically. According to the internal demand of this strategy of green economy, the author proposed some improvements for new accounting system that would be suitable for the strategy of developing green economy. These improvements include constructing new form for report of accounting information, setting the selated standards of sccounting and introducing the evaluation system with a method of Data Envelopment Analysis based on data of accounting for resources invested in environmental protection of every high pollution enterprise to evaluate the economic effectiveness or risk level. The purpose of these opinions will be references for the developments of green economy, theory of accounting and management of environmental resources invested.
Research on the Recycling Logistics System Design of Crop Straw Resources in Rural Areas
Authors: Zhou Ling Yun , Zhang Qing , Mu Dong
Published: June 2010

The construction of efficient crop straw recycling logistics system is the premise of utilizing the enormous straw resources in rural areas. According to the biology characteristics of crop straw resources and the actual logistics conditions in China, the main influence factors of crop straw recycling logistics were analyzed at length. Moreover, the constituent elements of crop straw recycle logistics system were sorted into five categories, and its operation processes and system framework were elaborately designed for government management departments and crop straw machining enterprises to accelerate the industrialization utilization of straw resources.
Treatment of Produced Water from Oilfield by Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) for Reinjection
Authors: Sun Yong , Shi Wen Xin , Xu Jun , Yu Min , Jia Ling Zhi
Published: June 2010

Produced water, the significant wastewater in association with oil and gas production in oilfield, is characterised by the presence of crude oil and also many inorganic substances. It is very difficult to treat this water to meet the reinjection water quality for low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. In the present paper, the treatment of produced water from Daqing Oilfield was investigated using a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). The SMBR was operated for about 6 months with constant permeate flux and hydraulic retention time HRT of 12 hours. The experimental results showed that the SMBR had a high retention of crude oil, total suspension substance (TSS), turbidity, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and medium grain size. In the permeate, the content of crude oil, NH4+-N and turbidity were respectively lower than 1 mg/L, 1mg/L, and 1 NTU, while the TSS content was below detection limits (2.5 mg/L) and medium grain size was undetectable. The pemeate could reach the grade A1 criteria specified in the Recommendation Standard and Analysis Method for the Clastic Rock Reservoir Injection Water Quality (SY/T 5329-94, China).
Path Analysis of the Effect of Planting Hole Control Body on Salt Content in Seashore Saline Soil
Authors: Wu Li Ping , Wen Ke Jun , Tian Yuan
Published: June 2010

Soil column experiments were conducted to study the effects of planting hole control body (PHCB) on the salt content using a hybrid uniformity design U12(12×43×34) on different soil condition (the groundwater mineralization, soil texture, the supplementary water). The planting hole control body (PHCB) was made of 4 kinds of components (local arbor, bagging material, filling material and its thickness, membrane material). For the components above and the soil condition, the method of path coefficient analysis was used to identify the major factors and to quantify the influencing degree. The results show that the supplementary water, soil texture, membrane material, local arbor, bagging material and filling material and its thickness were remarkably influential factors, and their path coefficients were statistically significant. The order of influence on the total salt content is local arbor, soil texture, membrane material, bagging material,filling material and its thickness, the supplementary water. The direct path coefficient of soil texture and local arbor display higher value, the former is 0.816, the latter is 0.994. Especialy, local arbor has less influence with small correlation coefficient (-0.027), which indicate that the interaction among various factors played a more important role. In a word, applying PHCB to reduce the salt concentration is an effective method.
Degradation of p-Toluenesulfonic Acid by Ozonation: Performance Optimization and Mechanism
Authors: Dai Qi Zhou , Cai Shao Qing , Hua Ming , Wang Jia De , Chen Jian Meng
Published: June 2010

This paper explored ozonation for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater and p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) was selected as the model pharmaceutical intermediate. The results showed that the ozonation process is efficient for the degradation of PTSA both in concentration and COD removal. The mono factor results showed that 60L/h was a suitable ozone flow rate. There were sharp difference between acid condition and alkaline condition, under acidic conditions, the direct oxidation with molecular ozone is of primary importance, and under alkaline conditions the hydroxyl oxidation starts to dominate, and pH=12 was a suitable value. Further, intermediates of PTSA degradation were analyzed and the reaction mechanism was discussed.
Excessively Wet Subgrade Improvement with 100% Industry By-Products for Heavy Traffic Pavement – I. Solidification and Compaction Characteristics of Treated Soil
Authors: Yuan Xi Zhong , Liu Fei , Cui Wei , Liu Cheng Cheng
Published: June 2010

Deformation of excessively wet subgrade is often problematic during pavements construction as well as under regular vehicular traffic loads. In order to create a sturdy and stable platform for heavy traffic pavement, a “green materials” based entirely on industry byproduct of combination fly ash (FA) with carbide lime (CL) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) was proposed in this study. In order to investigate the effectiveness and improvement of engineering properties, solidification test and compaction test were carried out in laboratory, and Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) was conducted at the construction site. Investigation results showed significant improvement in drying rate, workability, and mechanical behavior. The addition of FA/CL/FDG stabilizer increases the solids content by “bulking” and reduces the free moisture through hydration reactions. The addition of FA/CL/FGDG leads to an increase of approximately 18% in the maximum allowable moisture content, which would largely facilitate the compaction of the excessively wet soils. Post construction evaluation using DCP indicates the stabilized soil can be utilized under high volume traffic condition.
Experiment and Research on the Separation Process of High Ash and Difficult Floatable Fine Coal
Authors: Gui Xia Hui , Liu Jiong Tian , Tao Xiu Xiang , Cao Yi Jun , Wang Yong Tian
Published: June 2010

As for certain high ash and difficult floatable fine coal, the coal quality characteristic is the frangible and easyly-clayed main gangue mineral kaolinite, and the high content of fine-grade and intermediate density grade materials. In order to reduce tiny slimes pollution and to increase quality and recovery rate of concentrate, we used cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column and XFD-3 flotation machine to experiment on separation process. It probed into re-concentration after grinding rough refined coal, classified flotation process and selective agglomeration-flotation process these three technical processes. The comparison of flotation machine test result showed that, using the flotation column as separation equipment, process of re-concentration after grinding rough refined coal could obtain the best refined coal accumulation index. When medicaments dosage is kerosene 800 g/t, GF 300 g/t, and sodium hexametaphosphate 1500g/t, refined coal production rate of flotation column is 59.47% and ash content is 10.63%.
Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments from Hongfeng Lake, China
Authors: Hu Ji Wei , Liu Feng , Huang Xian Fei , Qin Fan Xin , Mei Jin
Published: June 2010

Hongfeng Lake, a man-made reservoir, is one of the five key drinking-water sources for Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou Province in southwestern China. In the present research, the distribution and accumulation characteristics of seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Cr and Zn) in the sediment of this lake were analyzed by examining fourteen sediment samples. A method based on toxic-response factor was used to assess the potential ecological risk of these heavy metals to this lake. For comparison, the two sets of reference data representing the pre-industrial and the local baseline pollution levels of interested heavy metals were employed to derive their accumulating coefficients and potential ecological risk indices. The calculated potential ecological risk indices indicate that the lake was polluted by heavy metals, and both mercury and cadmium loadings were critical factors responsible for the ecological hazards posed to Hongfeng Lake among these seven elements.
Green Street: Landscape Design Approach to Street Stormwater Management
Authors: Zhang Shan Feng
Published: June 2010

Stormwater is a resource, but the traditional stormwater management practices treat it as a waste and cause many problems. Green Street is a new method to manage the street stormwater runoff through the landscape architecture application. By analyzing the origin, definition and function of the Green Street, it can draw a conclusion that the Green Street originates from America, it is a street that uses natural process to manage stormwater runoff at the source, and it can improve street water environment, create attractive streetscape, enhance neighborhood livability, etc. Also, the Green Street has five different types, including stormwater curb extension, stormwater planter, stormwater swale, pervious paving and infiltration garden. Finally, through analyzing two examples of Green Street application in Portland, Oregon, it proved that Green Street is a high effective and low-cost method to manage the street stormwater runoff. In brief, Green Street will have increasingly important significance for the street stormwater management when it is used widespread gradually.
Study on Complex Dynamic Pressure Metal Seal in Rotary Vane Steering Gear Based on Fluid Structure Interaction
Authors: Su Wen Hai
Published: June 2010

Cast-iron sealing devices using springs are commonly used in rotary vane steering gear. These devices have good wear resistance, long service life and maintenance-free. Finite Element Analysis of cast-iron sealing device includes contact analysis of metal materials effecting of fluid action. ADINA was used to carry on sealing mechanism of cast-iron sealing device based on taking Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) and contact analysis into consideration and the complex dynamic pressure metal seal with ability of automatic compensation is proposed and verified that it can enhance the sealing ability of rotary vane steering gear up to 10MPa and improve power density of steering gear which has important significance to improving controllability of ship.
Analysis of OSB Mat Structure Using CAD Technology
Authors: Li Peng , Tao Yu Bo , Wang Feng Hu , Wang Sun Guo
Published: June 2010

For further researching the structural characteristics of Orientated strand board (OSB) mat, a three-dimensional model was developed using computer-aided design (CAD) technology to simulate behaviors of individual strands in the mat-forming process. This model provided a more realistic description of the mat structure than the previous simulations in using varied strand geometry and different types of strand orientation, defining strand location, and solving the problem of edge effect. This model can be used to analyze the impact of strand orientation on the number of strand overlaps, and to identify the relationship of strand orientation and the horizontal voids distribution in the mat. Information provided by this model is the basis of further studying the effect of the mat formation on panel void characteristics, and the relationship of the voids volume to panel properties.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Citric Acid over Perovskite Type SO42-/TBBFS under UV-Vis Light Irradiation
Authors: Lei Xue Fei , Xue Xiang Xin
Published: June 2010

The photocatalytic reduction experiments of Cr(VI) over the sulfate-modified titanium-bearing blast furnace slag photocatalyst under UV-vis light irradiation in the absence/presence of citric acid (0≤[citric acid]≤4 mM) were performed at different pH and different initial concentration. In the presence of citric acid, the photocatalytic reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) was significantly enhanced and kinetic constants of the compound system (in the presence of photaocatalyst, citric acid and Cr(VI))was nearly 9.2 times than that in the absence of citric acid. This enhanced efficiency may be attributed to the effective separation of electron-hole in the presence of citric acid. The maximum rate of Cr(VI) reduction was obtained for an initial citric acid/Cr(VI) molar ratio, R=3.75, a further increment in R being disadvantageous; however, the photocatalytic reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) in the presence of citric acid was always faster than in its absence. The synergistic effect factor is always greater than 6 in the compound system, indicating that a marked synergistic effect between the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and citric acid.
Comparative Study of Volatile Components of Essential Oil from Conyza canadensis between Hydrodistillation and Steam Distillation
Authors: Liu Zhi Ming , Wang Hai Ying , Liu Shan Shan , Jiang Nai Xiang
Published: June 2010

The volatile components of essential oils of fresh aerial parts from horseweed (Conyza canadensis) collected in October with hydrodistillation and steam distillation, respectively, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that limonene, β-pinene, trans-α-bergamotene, cis-β-ocimene, β-myrcene, germacrene D, 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene, (Z)-β-farnesene, α-curcumene, caryophyllene oxide were the common volatile components in the essential oils between hydrodistillation and steam distillation. High limonene content (68.87%) was in the essential oil with hydrodistillation. Limonene or other terpenoids has the potential to develop as the biomimetic synthesis template for environmentally-friendly herbicide.
Bisphenol a Removal by Nanofiltration Process
Authors: Li Cong , Gao Nai Yuan
Published: June 2010

It is well known that bisphenol A(BPA), as one EDC, has an oestrogenic effect, causing an abnormal increase in the growth of yeast cell in polycarbonate flasks. Moreover, BPA significantly contributes to the environment problem, as evidenced by a number of recent studies[1](Inoue et al., 2003). This study examined the ability of nanofiltration (NF) membranes to retain bisphenol A(BPA). In the study, BPA retention was quantified by liquid chromatography. The effect of solution chemistry, inorganic matter and pH were investigated on the rejection of BPA and its adsorption on membranes. The results indicate that BPA has a high adsorptive affinity for the membrane and more than 80% of BPA was absorbed on the membrane surface. In addition, the increase of initial BPA concentration has negative effect on BPA rejection. It also indicates that the removal of BPA is higher with lower BPA concentrations. In addition, the rejection of BPA decreases with the increase of pH when pH < 7 and increases with the increase of pH when pH ≥ 7. The experimental results of ionic strength indicate there is a slight decrease in the rejection of BPA when the ionic strength increases.
Preparation and Properties of Low-Cost α-Sialon Ceramic Synthesized from Boron-Rich Slag-Based Mixture
Authors: Wu Jun Bin , Xue Xiang Xin , Jiang Tao
Published: June 2010

With boron-rich slag, silica fume, bauxite chalmette and carbon black as starting materials, -sialon powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction nitridation(CRN). The mechanical properties of hot-pressed sintered slag α-sialon ceramic, which was started from slag -sialon powder, were measured. The hardness, toughness and bend strength of hot-pressed slag α-sialon ceramic reached 17GPa, 3.74MPam1/2 and 333.5MPa, respectively. These properties were close to that of chemical α-sialon ceramics prepared by expensive chemical agents as starting materials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dehydroabietic-Based Phosphate Betaine Type Amphoteric Surfactant
Authors: Zhao Yin Feng , Fang Gui Zhen
Published: June 2010

N-(3-dehydroabietyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl-N, N-dimethyl (2-hydroxy) phosphate betaine was synthesized through the 3-dehydroabietyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl chloride and tertiary amine intermediate by using dehydroabietic acid as raw materials. The structure of the target product was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR. The surface-active property was investigated by surface tension experiment. The surface activity of the mixed system of the product and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was determined. The results showed that critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the product was 1.34 mmol•L-1. Strong synergism in product was observed combining with SDS, and the optimum synergism was obtained at the molar ratio of 1:1.
Concentration Features and Elemental Characteristics of PM10 in Brown Haze Episode
Authors: Huang Li Kun , Yuan Chung Shin , Wang Guang Zhi , Wang Kun
Published: June 2010

The correlation between PM10 and meteorological factors were investigated, such as wind speed, atmospheric visibility, dew point, relative humidity, and ambient temperature during the brown haze episode. In order to identify the elemental characteristics and concentration features of PM10 during brown haze episode, respirable particulate matter (PM10) was collected during non-haze days and haze days and further analyzed for 20 elements. Among the metallic elements, S, K, Si, and Ca contributed major composition of PM10. S came mainly from coal burning and K was mainly attributed from incinerators and abandoned biomass burning. Furthermore, As was not detectable in non-haze days, while its concentration was 0.15~0.17 μg/m3 in haze days, which would be very much harmful to human health. However, the variation of Sr, Ti, Cr, and Cd was insignificantly, mainly due to low relevance with human activities and/or cross-boundary transportation.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Titanium Dioxide in Sunlight by a Kind of Squarylium Cyanine Dye
Authors: Ma Yan Li , Fang Gui Zhen , Ma Ying Mei , Zhang Rui , Jin Zhong Ling
Published: June 2010

The research synthesized bis-(2-methyl quinoline) squarylium cyanine (abbr. QYCD). It was used as dye to enhance the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2 in sunlight. Then the photocatalytic process of removal of benzene was investigated indoor air. Results reveal that bis-(2-methyl quinoline)- squarylium cyanine has an intense absorption in the light region of 200nm - 800 nm. The Benzene removal of QYCD-nano-TiO2 complex catalyst at 78h was 97.69%, at the same time it was 36.96% higher as compared with that of nano-TiO2.
Numerical Simulation for Migration of the Pollutants in Soil
Authors: Hu Ge , Peng Shu Ai , Wang Wei
Published: June 2010

In the soil environment，through analyzing the numerical solutions of pollutant migration, the time-space law of the transmission of organic pollutants in soil can be mastered, which has both theoretical and practical significance. The general mathematical model of the migration of volatile pollutant in soil was established; and typical models of pollution sources emission were calculated, and the influence of various parameters in model on calculation results were compared, such as diffusion, convection, adsorption and degradation parameters; finally a correlation analysis and discussion was made on calculation results of the pollutant concentration distribution. The calculation results show that the convection is the main reason causing pollutants migration, and the influence of volatility to migration process cannot be ignored. It provides the scientific basis and approach for the pollution forecasting and prevention.
Hydrometallurgical Process for Recovery of Lithium and Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries
Authors: Tsai Lung Chang , Tsai Fang Chang , Ma Ning , Shu Chi Min
Published: June 2010

Hydrometallurgical process for recovery of aluminum, lithium and cobalt from the spent secondary lithium–ion batteries of Yun–lin battery recycle corporation was investigated. The recovery efficiency of spent lithium–ion secondary batteries on the hydrometallurgical process of their leachant concentration, temperature (T), time (t), solid–to–liquid ratio (S:L) were investigated. The experimental procedure include the following three major steps: (1) solvent extraction separation of aluminum by NaOH, (2) solvent extraction separation of lithium and cobalt by 3 mol/L H2SO4 (4.76 % (v/v) 35% (v/v) H2O2) from the final solution after aluminum removal. Finally, (3) cobalt are precipitated by ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4) from the final solutions after aluminum removal. The experimental results for treating 3 g of anode plus in the battery by this new technique were reported, and some evaluation were also carried out. In the processing, the percent removal of impurities, such as aluminum could reach 90.6% or more, and that of lithium and cobalt were all more than 90.0%.
Study on Wood Carbon Sequestration Based on Micro-Characteristics of Wood
Authors: Guo Ming Hui , Guan Xin , Zhu Li , Li Jian
Published: June 2010

Trees are complicated and important organisms in forest ecosystem. They are both carbon stocks and carbon source. In order to give full play to the role of wood carbon sequestration, this paper discussed the relationship of wood structural features and wood carbon sequestration at micro-level. It shows that wood carbon sequestration can be synthetically reflected by vessel, tracheid/xylon, wood rays, intercellular canal, xylem parenchyma and so on. The rate of cell wall and wood carbon sequestration is the relationship of direct proportional function. Micro-structural characteristics of wood can reflect wood carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems, as well as have a practical guide to enhance carbon storage of wood.
Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Enteromorpha Clathrata Biomass: A Potential Way of Converting Ecological Crisis “Green Tide” Bioresource to Bioenergy
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yan Hua Xiao , Zhang Meng Meng , Liu Ming , Qin Son
Published: June 2010

Enteromorpha clathrata “Green tide” widely broke out at Qingdao nearby sea area in 2007 and 2008. It is imperative for researchers to develop effective ways to make full use of “Green tide” bioresources to protect the environment, Conversion of such macroalgae biomass to bio-oil is regarded as a potential way to solve the ecological crisis coupled with supplying materials for bioenergy industry.The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of two Enteromorpha clathrata biomass, which are fixed Enteromorpha clathrata, floating Enteromorpha clathrata, were studied with thermogravimetric analysis method. Simultaneously, cornstalk and sawdust were references. The basic pyrolysis characteristics were studied using TG- DTG-DTA curves. The results did show that conversion from Enteromorpha clathrata to bioenergy, which is endowed with promising future, is available, reliable and clean.
Study on Rapid Startup of Short Cut Nitrification and Denitrification
Authors: Zuo Jin Long
Published: June 2010

To find out affecting elements of short cut notification and denitrification, the fast startup and the stable operation of shortcut nitrification-denitrification has been investigated. It was found that the fast startup of shortcut nitrification-denitrification can be realized through the control of DO and pH as well as temperature. For the sludge in the primary shortcut nitrification, excess aeration has side effect on nitrite nitrogen accumulation. Therefore the suitable controlling method not only can realize the shortcut nitrification denitrification, but also can maintain stable operation.
A Reverse Approach in Optimizing Pass Parameters
Authors: Hu Jian Hua , Shuang Yuan Hua
Published: June 2010

A method combines a back propagation neural networks (BPNN) with the data obtained using finite element method (FEM) is introduced in this paper as an approach to solve reverse problems. This paper presents the feasibility of this approach. FEM results are used to train the BPNN. Inputs of the network are associated with dimension deviation values of the steel pipe, and outputs correspond to its pass parameters. Training of the network ensures low error and good convergence of the learning process. At last, a group of optimal pass parameters are obtained, and reliability and accuracy of the parameters are verified by FEM simulation.
The Preparation of WPC for SLS Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing
Authors: Jiang Kai Yi , Guo Yan Ling , Zeng Wei Liang , Xin Zong Sheng
Published: June 2010

The high cost of the raw materials and non-recycling use are the two main problems which restrict the development and extension of the SLS rapid prototyping. Firstly this paper did some theoretical analysis on the characteristics of wood flour, hot melt adhesive and other components. Then, through experimental comparison, using SEM to do microcosmic study and actual processing in laser shaper, this paper got a new formula of WPC for SLS. It is proved by the experiments, the WPC according to this formula is green environmental protection, degradable and can be recycled. Also, it can meet the processing requirements of SLS. The shape precision of the formed parts is high, the relative warping rate is only 0.26%~0.45%, the roughness is less than 0.03mm, and the parts reached a certain mechanical index. The tensile strength can reach a maximum of 0.014MPa and shock strength can reach a maximum of 0.954kJ/m . It provides the basis for the further post-processing to enhance the mechanical properties.
Determination of Trace Chromium (VI) in Tanning Wastewater by Flow Injection Spectrophotometry
Authors: Zhao Xin , Sui Zhi Hui , Zhang Jing Bin
Published: June 2010

In 1.0 mol/L H2SO4 solution, a rapid and simple flow—injection spectrophotometric method has been developed for Cr(Ⅵ) determination, based on the violet—red Cr(Ⅵ)—diphenylcarbazide chelates formed by reactions. The results show, under optimum conditions, the maximum absorption of the complex is at 540 nm and the detection limits of the method is 0.0136mg/L for Cr(Ⅵ) and Beer’s law is obeyed for Cr(Ⅵ) in the range of 0.03—1.60mg/L. The determination frequency is l00 times/h. The relative standard deviation of eleven replicates is less than 4.0%. The method has been applied to the determination of trace Cr(Ⅵ) in tanning wastewater with satisfactory results.
Characteristics of Biohydrogen Production by Mixed Culture Using Bagasse as the Substrate
Authors: Jiao An Ying , Li Yong Feng , Liu Bing , Liu Kun
Published: June 2010

Batch culture of dark fermentation was carried out to study the feasibility of biohydrogen production using bagasse as the substrate. In dark fermentation, hydrogen was produced by mixed culture using bagasse as the substrate. To establish favorable conditions for maximum hydrogen production, process parameters such as temperature and initial pH of the medium were investigated. Also, the component of biogas and liquid products of effluent by fermentation were analyzed by gas chromatography. The VFAs were mostly ethanol, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, and no valeric acid was observed. It is demonstrated that the hydrogen yield reached the maximum of 30.5mlH2/g bagasse while the temperature was 35°C in batch experiments under a series of temperature (25, 30, 35, 40°C) conditions. The initial pH ranged from 6.8 to 8.5, and the yield of hydrogen reached the maximum of 32mlH2/g bagasse with the initial pH of 8.5.
Biosorption Characteristics of an Novel Extracellular Biopolymer Produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens and its Use for Copper Removal
Authors: Mao Yan Li , Liu Rui Qun , Luo Shi Tian , Xu Peng Xiang , Du Le , Zhang Kui
Published: June 2010

In the present study we reported the feasibility of extracellular biopolymer(PF01) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescence as an alternative biosorbent to remove Cu(II) ions from environmental wastewater. The ability of PF01 to remove the Cu(II) ions was investigated by using batch biosorption procedure. The effects such as pH, dosage of biosorbent, Cu(II) initial concentration and sorbate–sorbent contact time on the adsorption were studied. The pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models were noted be fit to the experimental data. The maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity was 78.99 mg/g at pH 5.0 , at 28°C. The carboxyl , hydroxyl and amino groups of the PF01 were involved in chemical interaction with the Cu(II) ions depicted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR). The study points to the potential of new use of extracellular biopolymer PF01 as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from environmental wastewater.
Study of Technology about Recovering Iron, Carbon from Zinc Volatile Kiln Slag
Authors: Jiao Hong Guang , Shi Chang Liang , Tian Rui Xia
Published: June 2010

The iron, residue valuable metal in the zinc-volatile kiln slag, has its own characteristics of complex mode of occurrence, the relative high content and difficult recovery. Based on the differences in magnetism and specific gravity between iron rich part and carbon rich part, integrated to the water waste problem through current dry process to recover iron, ribbon, a complete set of all dry beneficiation process had been developed. It included: microwave drying, coarse crush---pre-screening technology, mid crush---fine crush technology, two parts---three steps magnetic separation to produce Fe powder, four steps magnetic separation and air medium re-election of carbon powder processing steps. Meanwhile, it carried out a reasonable selection for the crush equipment and gravity separation equipment. And it developed a new type of magnetic separation equipment. They enable a more uniform particle size and a higher grade and recovery of Fe and carbon powder, as well as lower energy consumption and higher production efficiency advantages. The zinc-volatile kiln slag is promoted to be a further recycling, finally.
Rice-Barnyard Grass Allelopathic Interaction: A Role of Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid
Authors: You L.X. , Wang P.
Published: June 2010

Exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) can have an important effect on rice allelopathy. Currently, the role of endogenous JA and SA on rice-barnyard grass interaction is largely unknown. In this study, the levels of JA and SA in tissues and their correlation to rice allelochemicals inducing with barnyard grass are analyzed. Rice allelochemicals production was enhanced by coexistence with barnyard grass and allelochemicals of the allelopathic variety, PI312777 were generally higher than those of non-allelopathic variety, Liaojing9. Furthermore, JA contents of two rice varieties were generally greater in roots than in shoots, and differed clearly with tested times. The SA levels of PI312777 were generally higher than those of Liaojing9 in shoots but opposite trend in roots. The contents of total allelochemicals correlated positively with SA (Pearson correlation, r = 0.91, P < 0.001). These results indicate that as the phytohormones, JA and SA play a provable role in chemical communication between rice and barnyard grass and participate in rice-barnyard grass allelopathic interaction. Future studies should determine the signal molecules in root exudates of barnyard grass and their functions.
Coupling Agents Effect on Properties of Straw/HDPE Composites and Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Hu Shi Ming , Xu Min
Published: June 2010

The recycling of crop straw and waste plastic related to environmental pollution control and improvement.In this paper,we study the effects of different kinds of coupling agents on the mechanical properties and the microstructure change of the composite; MAPP、MAPE and TSZ as the coupling agent to enhance the interfacial adhesion between straw fiber and HDPE. The results indicate that: Coupling agents can modify the Straw/HDPE composites’ combined state of the two phases interfaces. MAPE can improve the mechanical properties of composites better than MAPP. Adding TSZ would suppression the two interfaces combination of HDPE and straw, depress the mechanical properties.DMA shows that adding MAPE in the composites, the storage modulus and glass transition temperature increased, the damping performance decreased. SEM shows that after adding MAPE the combination of composites have significantly improved.
Fiber Modification of OCC Pulp with Laccase and Natural Mediator System
Authors: Zhang Si Yang , Pei Ji Cheng , Zhang Xin Lu , Hu Hui Ren , Hong Yi Mei
Published: June 2010

Three kinds of phenols, namely gallic acid, syringal alcohol and ferulic acid, were selected as laccase natural mediator to investigate the changes of fiber surfaces, morphological properties of fibers, kappa number and physical properties of OCC (Old Corrugated Containers) pulp with laccase/ natural mediator system treatment. It was illustrated that condensation reaction of phenols could be occured by catalytic oxidation of laccase. The results of fiber quality analysis and SEM observation showed that after treated using laccase/ natural mediator system, the resultantly yielded OCC pulp had much smoother surface, larger fibers coarseness, higher kappa number, and the auto-adhesion of fibers could be observed in the fibers. In additon, the wet strength of handsheets, especially the wet ring crush strength, was improved obviously, compared with control sample.
Kinetics of Desulfuration Product Sulphoaluminate Calcium
Authors: Guo Hui Ling , Xie Jun Lin
Published: June 2010

The formation kinetics of sulphoaluminate calcium was studied by variations of sulfur release with time from SC-132 based on competitive reactions, the generation of sulphoaluminate calcium and the decomposition of CaSO4. Experimental investigations and theoretical derivations show that the formation rate of sulphoaluminate calcium can be described as first-order kinetics at high temperature, and it belongs to the mechanism of random nucleus growth. The apparent activation energy is 456.37 KJ•mol-1 and pre-exponential factor is 1.545×1012.
Studies on Biosorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of Ni(II) by Pseudomonas Fluorescens
Authors: Mao Yan Li , Tan Shui Cheng , Wang Yao Qing , Wang Tian Hai , Zhang Kui
Published: June 2010

The Ni(II) biosorption characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass was examined as a function of initial pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be well suited for the entire adsorption process of Ni(II) on biomass. Adsorption equilibrium studies showed that Ni(II) adsorption data followed the Langmuir model, the maximum binding capacity of Ni(II) was 84.45 mg/g at pH 7.0 , shaker speed 150 rpm, at 27 °C. FTIR spectra showed that the principal functional sites taking part in the sorption process included carboxyl , hydroxyl groups and -CH3 stretching groups, the mechanism analysis showed that the chemical chelating was the main adsorption form, electrostatic attraction hydrogen bonding in the process of adsorption. The present study indicated that Pseudomonas fluorescens biomass may be used as an inexpensive, effective and easily cultivable biosorbent for the removal of Ni(II) ions from environmental and industrial wastewater.
Properties of Phytase from Aspergillus oryzae093
Authors: Zhang Na , Li Xiao Mei , Guo Qing Qi
Published: June 2010

Optimal condition, stability and Km of phytase which was from Aspergillus oryzae093 were studied. The optimal temperature and pH for sodium-phytate hydrolysis by Aspergillus oryzae093 phytase is 50°C and 5.5 respectively. Phytase has better heat stability as temperature below 45°C. The phytase activity remained 90% when pH is 5.0 to 6.0. Low concentration Fe2+ and Mg2+ can promote phytase activity, while Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Al3+ or high concentration Fe2+ and Mg2+ can inhibite the activity of phytase. The Km is about 4.8×10-5 mol•L-1 when sodium phytate as substrate. The enzyme properties of Aspergillus oryzae093 phytase make it could apply to food and feed to reduce the phosphorus exhausted to environment.
Synthesis and Structural Characteristics of Organic Aerogels with Different Content of Lignin
Authors: Chen Feng , Li Jian
Published: June 2010

Lignin can be used as a cheap raw material to prepare organic and carbon aerogels based upon the sol-gel reactions. Different concent lignin organic aerogels have been prepared by sol–gel polymerization of formaldehyde with resorcinol, following by the process of RF-gel production and subsequent freeze drying. The resulting materials were characterized by FT-IR analysis, nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy and Scanning electron micrographs. The structural properties organic aerogel depend on the amount of lignin added to the sol-gel system. and the LRF aerogels obtained in the experimental have an open cell structure with continuous porosity and homogeneous spherical particles.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphobic CaCO3 -Wood Composite
Authors: Wang Cheng Yu , Li Jian , Liu Chang Yu
Published: June 2010

In this paper, the preparation of amphiphobic CaCO3-wood composite by reaction of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 in wood through double-diffusive method in the presence of perfluorooctane surfapropyl betaine (DF-921) is demonstrated. The properties of synthesized CaCO3-wood composite were investigated by the contact angle analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of the product were tested. The experimental results suggested that a much higher properties performance for the wood-based composite with modified CaCO3. The surface of the new product exhibited the amphiphobic property.
Study on Mechanical Properties Enhancement of Post Processing WPC Powder Selective Laser Sintering Parts
Authors: Zeng Wei Liang , Guo Yan Ling , Xin Zong Sheng , Jiang Kai Yi
Published: June 2010

In this paper, Wood-Plastic Composite(WPC) is successfully developed to make parts by Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) rapid prototyping (RP) process according to its advantages, such as green biological, wood texture and recycled, but the most important advantage is low-cost. With optimal design of components, the parts made by WPC have good mechanical properties as well as with good laser sintering properties. In order to further improve the mechanical properties of the parts, the post-processing–infiltrating with wax–is introduced. Through post-processing, the void fraction is decreased from from 51% to 7%, the mechanical properties are significantly improved, the average tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength are 1.214 MPa, 2.73 MPa and 1.4125 kJ/m2, compared with those without post processing, the tensile strength is 87 times, the bending strength is 4.7 times and impact strength is 2.5 times, respectively.
Marine Water Quality Assessment’s Nonlinear Set Pair Analysis Method
Authors: Li Ming Chang , Zhang Guang Yu , Liang Shu Xiu , Sun Zhao Chen
Published: June 2010

Based on set pair analysis theory, synthetic assessment method with nonlinear membership function and systematic procedure are developed in this paper. A relation degree function is presented for different evaluation index with sea water quality assessment. The set pair analysis method works well in one building site of Bohai Bay. This shows the set pair analysis method has advantages of concision and easy-operation, and nonlinear membership function can improve membership degree of evaluation index, so the assessment results are credible.
Properties of Highly Filled Wood Fiber-Maleic Anhydride Grafted Thermoplastic Blends Composites
Authors: Gao Hua , Wang Qing Wen , Wang Hai Gang , Song Yong Ming
Published: June 2010

In order to make high performance wood-plastic composites (WPCs) from wood-fiber and mixed plastic wastes, virgin resins were compounded to simulate mixed plastic wastes, which included polypropylene, polyethylene and/or polystyrene, then grafted with maleic anhydride (MAH) by reactive extrusion. Highly filled WPCs were prepared by extruding. Mechanical testing results showed that the mechanical properties of the composites based on grafted virgin and waste plastics both significantly enhanced. The compatibility between the different plastics in the blend system and the interfacial adhesion between wood fibers and the blends were both improved with the modification of the blends, as evidenced by SEM. For the composites based on MAH grafted plastics, the water absorption and thickness swell decreased, which is true for the composite made from both virgin and recycled plastics. This blending-grafting modification method can be considered as a feasible approach to use mixed plastic wastes in the manufacture of high performance WPCs.
An Analytical Model for Vocs Emission from Porous Building Materials
Authors: Cao Lian Ying , Shen Jun
Published: June 2010

This paper presented a new analytical model of partial differential equations (pde) for volatile organic compounds (vocs) emission from porous building materials. By applying Laplace transformation the representations for vocs concentration in the chamber and in the porous building material were given. The emission curves and average concentrations of some porous building materials Medium Density Fiberboards (mdf) in an airtight chamber were obtained. Result of the present model shows a good agreement with the experimental data.
The Molecular Characterization and Fermentative Hydrogen Production of a Wild Anaerobe in Clostridium Genus
Authors: Pan Xin Yu , Yang Jian Yu , Li Wen , Li Yong Feng
Published: June 2010

Anaerobic process of biohydrogen production is developed. The isolation and identification of high efficient biohydrogen production anaerobic bacteria is the important foundation of fermented biohydrogen production process by anaerobic digesting organic wastewater. Taking Considering with the physiological and biochemical traits, morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence, the isolate NEFU-1 is a new species.
Spin Dephasing in Organic Semiconductor Spintronic Devices
Authors: Mi Yi Lin , Tie Xiao Yun
Published: June 2010

Spin dephasing in organic semiconductor was studied based on spin drift-diffusion model in various electric field. It is found that in the ohmic regime, spin dephasing is determined by the voltage bias. With increase of the voltage bias, spin coherence increases. And the increasing voltage bias can enhance the magnitude of the spin dephasing oscillations at a static perpendicular maganetic field. It shows that the current density in total device output can be modulated by an electrostatic field via controlled precession.
The Assessment on Heavy Metals Pollution of the Sediments in Tonghuihe River
Authors: Wang Chong Chen , Sun Ying Wei , Wang Peng , Sun Yi
Published: June 2010

Species Distribution Characteristics of heavy metal elements, like copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), in the sediment of the Tonghuihe River were studied. The results reveal that there are much difference for each heavy metal, wherein the zinc and lead exists mainly in residual form; copper exist in FeMnOx and carbonates; cadmium mainly exists as exchangeable and carbonates forms, while its residual form content is much less. And the potential pollution risks resulted from heavy metal in the sediments were evaluated respectively by Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo) and the Potential Ecological Index (RI). It is concluded that the degree of contamination evaluated using the Igeo method is Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb; and the results assessed by RI reveal that the potential contamination risk is Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn.
Study on the Application of Safety Assessment Model about Source of Hazardous Chemicals
Authors: Huo Hong , Xiong Zhen Yu
Published: June 2010

Safety assessment about source of hazardous chemicals is an important element in the safety production management. Its model has been introduced, moreover, a series of factors which can affect inherent hazard and real danger have been analyzed in this essay. A mathematical model can be established and put into practice. Through specific analysis of the realities of the Source of Hazardous chemical, it is easy to find that real danger has to do with many factors: Technology level, equipment level, the degree of the quality of personnel. These factors can offset and control the risk, therefore the real risk has been greatly reduced compared with the inherent risk.