bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Genetic Structure of Dicksonia navarrensis (Dicksoniaceae) Populations in the Mexican Sierra Madre Oriental
Authors: Reyes-Ortiz José Luis , Octavio-Aguilar Pablo , López-Mata Lauro , Sánchez-González Arturo
Published: September 2022

Background and Research Aims

Dicksonia navarrensis is a species of tree fern at risk of extinction, distributed in the montane cloud forest (MCF) of the Americas from the central region of Mexico to Ecuador. In Mexico, populations of this species grow in primary vegetation of the MCF, in a matrix with a high degree of fragmentation and under threat of disappearance.

Methods

In the present study, the diversity and genetic structure of seven populations of D. navarrensis that are distributed in the cloud forest of the Sierra Madre Oriental were evaluated, with both standard laboratory and statistical analysis techniques, using 11 microsatellites developed for the genus Dicksonia.

Results

A total of 33 alleles were found. Genetic diversity differed between populations, and some presented low heterozygosity. Using assignment tests, three genetic groups were identified, associated with the geographical distribution of the populations; those from the north maintain connectivity with each other but diverge highly from the populations in the south, probably due to processes of isolation by distance (local environment), genetic drift, and natural selection.

Conclusion

The northernmost population, which is more isolated from the rest, has a broader genetic reservoir, which can be useful for maintaining the genetic diversity of the species. In the other populations, with less genetic diversity, the introduction of individuals and/or the dispersion of spores is important, to maintain and increase the genetic variability that they still possess, but which could disappear in a short time if their habitat continues to deteriorate at a high degree.

Implications for Conservation

The results obtained provide basic information that can be used in management and conservation plans, because the populations with the greatest genetic diversity and the possible processes that are influencing the genetic structure of the species were identified.
Stand-by time through the Court of Justice's lens
Authors: Gramano Elena
Published: September 2022

The contribution analyses the content and relevance of the Court of Justice of the European Union's judgment in the Dublin City Council case, and discusses its meaning and impact on the EU notion of working time.
Association of NAFLD with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a large-scale prospective cohort study based on UK Biobank
Authors: Ma Wen , Wu Wentao , Wen Weixing , Xu Fengshuo , Han Didi , Lyu Jun , Huang Yuli
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, sharing the similar cardiometabolic risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether NAFLD by itself is associated with increased cardiovascular events and death remain an issue to debate. This study aimed to further investigate the association between NAFLD and adverse CVD outcomes.

Methods:

Participants were followed up until the end of 2020 in current analysis. NAFLD is defined using fatty liver index (FLI). Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the association between NAFLD and all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), CVD mortality, fatal/nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and fatal/nonfatal stroke. C-index was calculated to evaluate the model enhancement when adding NAFLD factor.

Results:

After screening the data of 502,492 participants in the original cohort, 215,245 eligible participants were included in this study for MACEs outcome. Compared with non-NAFLD participants, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of NAFLD group was 1.25 (1.14–1.36) for MACEs; 1.14 (1.08–1.20) for all-cause mortality; 1.61(1.42–1.82) for CVD mortality; 1.58(1.19–2.11) for AMI mortality; and 1.18 (0.85–1.64) for stroke mortality. When adding FLI, C-index of NAFLD model improved for all-cause mortality, MACEs, and CVD mortality compared with that in the traditional CVD risk factor model.

Conclusion:

NAFLD is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and adverse CVD outcomes. Based on the traditional CVD risk factor model, additionally screening NAFLD could improve the prediction efficiency for adverse CVD outcomes.
A taste for beauty: On the expected taste, hardness, texture, and temperature of geometric shapes
Authors: Juravle Georgiana , Olari Emilia-Liliana , Spence Charles
Published: September 2022

Rounded shapes, which have been shown to enhance sweetness, were compared to the perfectly symmetrical Platonic solids. In a first online experiment, participants were presented with a rotating three-dimensional geometric shape (a sphere, the five Platonic solids, and three irregular angular/rounded/naturalistic controls), and indicated their liking for the shape, as well as its perceived hardness, and its expected temperature. The sphere was liked best, followed by the Platonic solids. The sphere was also evaluated as softest, and received the warmest temperature ratings. By contrast, the Platonic solids were rated as harder and significantly colder than the sphere. Experiment 2 investigated whether the liked shapes were also evaluated as looking tastier. Ratings of expected tastiness and the appearance of five shapes selected based on high liking scores and fitted with edible and inedible visual textures were recorded. The sphere was rated as looking tastiest, with edible-textured rounded shapes resulting in significantly tastier ratings. Experiment 3 assessed the taste corresponding to each shape. A sweet and umami preference for rounded shapes was documented, with sour and bitter typically matched to angular shapes. Importantly, the Platonic solids were associated with several tastes. These findings are explained in terms of current theories of crossmodal correspondences, while considering how temperature and texture can be used to modulate expected liking.
Clinical outcome analysis of patients with autism spectrum disorder: analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry
Authors: Erridge Simon , Kerr-Gaffney Jess , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Barros Daniela A. Riano , Bhoskar Urmila , Mwimba Gracia , Praveen Kavita , Symeon Chris , Sachdeva-Mohan Simmi , Sodergren Mikael H. , Rucker James J.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) have been identified as a promising novel therapeutic for symptoms and comorbidities related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a paucity of clinical evidence of their efficacy and safety. Objective: This case series aims to assess changes to health-related quality of life and the incidence of adverse events in patients treated with CBMPs for associated symptoms of ASD enrolled on the UK Medical Cannabis Registry (UKMCR).

Methods:

Patients treated with CBMPs for ASD-related symptoms for a minimum of 1 month were identified from the UKMCR. Primary outcomes were changes in validated patient-reported outcome measures [Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS), 5-level version of the EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) index values] at 1, 3 and 6 months compared with baseline. Adverse events were recorded and analysed. Statistical significance was determined by p < 0.050.

Results:

Seventy-four patients with ASD were included in the analysis. The mean age of participants was 32.7 (±11.6) years. There were significant improvements in general health-related quality of life and sleep as assessed by the EQ-5D-5L, SQS and GAD-7 at 1 and 3 months, with sustained changes in EQ-5D-5L and SQS at 6 months ( p < 0.010). There were 180 (243.2%) adverse events reported by 14 (18.9%) participants. If present, adverse events were commonly mild ( n = 58; 78.4%) or moderate ( n = 81; 109.5%), rather than severe ( n = 41; 55.4%).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated an associated improvement in general health-related quality of life, and anxiety- and sleep-specific symptoms following initiation of treatment with CBMPs in patients with ASD. These findings, while promising, are limited by the confines of the study which lacks a control arm and is subject to attrition bias. Therefore, further evaluation is required with randomised controlled trials.
“My People Already Know That”: The Imagined Audience and COVID-19 Health Information Sharing Practices on Social Media
Authors: Hodson Jaigris , O’Meara Victoria , Thompson Christiani , Houlden Shandell , Gosse Chandell , Veletsianos George
Published: September 2022

This article examines how imagined audiences and impression management strategies shape COVID-19 health information sharing practices on social media and considers the implications of this for combatting the spread of misinformation online. In an interview study with 27 Canadian adults, participants were shown two infographics about masks and vaccines produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and asked whether or not they would share these on social media. We find that interviewees’ willingness to share the WHO infographics is negotiated against their mental perception of the online audience, which is conceptualized in three distinct ways. First, interviewees who would not share the infographics frequently describe a self-similar audience of peers that are “in the know” about COVID-19; second, those who might share the infographics conjure a specific and contextual audience who “needs” the information; and finally, those who said they would share the infographics most frequently conjure an abstract audience of “the public” or “my community” to explain that decision. Implications of these sharing behaviors for combatting the spread of misinformation are discussed.
#Mixedcouples on TikTok: Performative Hybridization and Identity in the Face of Discrimination
Authors: Civila Sabina , Jaramillo-Dent Daniela
Published: September 2022

Spanish-Moroccan mixed couples exemplify a case of cultural hybridization that reflects the colonial past between these two countries. In this context, social media is a space of opportunity and risk to face discrimination and othering. In this article, we draw upon postcolonial theory and Internet studies to consider TikTok affordances as tools that are relevant to understand how cultural, national, and religious identities are shaped and presented in digital spaces. In this sense, this study constitutes the first exploratory analysis of Moroccan-Spanish mixed couples’ (self)representations and identity construction as reflected by their TikTok content. The memetic and intersectional aspects of the mixed-couple identity emerge as central in the convergent nature of the platform and their lived experiences. Through an initial analysis of 8,653 TikTok videos, we identified 6 creator accounts with more than 10K followers to conduct a deeper multimodal content and discourse analysis of 146 videos. This enabled us to explore how these creators portray their hybrid identity through short, vertical videos harnessing TikTok’s vernaculars and affordances. The results enable us to propose the concept of performative hybridization, which involves discursive markers within these couples’ TikTok content that reflect a fluid integration of two cultures, while the pervading visual and narrative components reflect the dominance of one set of identity traits over the other. In this case, Moroccan culture is more prevalent.
Who Gets Exposed to Political Misinformation in a Hybrid Media Environment? The Case of the 2019 Indonesian Election
Authors: Neyazi Taberez Ahmed , Yi Kai Ng Aaron , Kuru Ozan , Muhtadi Burhanuddin
Published: September 2022

In the wake of the US 2016 Presidential Election, concerns about misinformation traversing on social media have heightened. Since then, much of the public discourse has been on developing effective strategies to combat the spread of misinformation online. While several studies have focused on the effects of a mixed/hybrid regime of information channels on political participation and campaigns, we know little about how the existence of a hybrid media system exposes people to misinformation during an election cycle. Using a nationally representative survey administered during the 2019 Indonesian election ( N = 1,820), we find evidence for the prominence of traditional media as well as face-to-face discussions: political use of traditional media such as newspapers and TV as well as sharing of political information through face-to-face discussions are found to be positively associated with at least one measure of misinformation exposure. As for the social media communicative pathways, only political use of WhatsApp and Instagram are found to be positively associated with misinformation exposure; that no similar effects are observed for Facebook and Twitter attests, to some extent, to the efficacy of strategies aimed at combating misinformation implemented on such platforms. By considering social media, traditional media, and face-to-face communication in a context of a less digitalized hybrid media environment, this article provides a more comprehensive framework and novel empirical data to study misinformation exposure beyond the context of Western democracies.
Corpus Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistan’s Language Education Policy Documents: What are the Existing Language Ideologies?
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asim , Zaki Sajida
Published: September 2022

Language education policies contain discourses that have language ideologies embedded within them. This study explores the language ideologies in official language education policy documents of Pakistan from 2000 to 2020. Using Corpus Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis techniques, a 1.28 million-word-corpus was generated from 32 policy documents collected from official websites of UNESCO and the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, Pakistan. The corpus analysis of frequency, collocation, and MI significance values were utilized to find out the typicality of topics and semantic preferences, while the concordance analysis revealed discourse prosody around the languages mentioned in the corpus. Moreover, seven documents were downsampled through dispersion plot. Discourse Historical Analysis was carried out on these documents based on discursive strategies of argumentation, predication, and perspectivization with reference to intertextuality and interdiscursivity. The findings show that English and to some extent Urdu occupy the ideological space related to education. The local languages were discussed in positive light, but they were marginalized in educational ideological space. The analysis also showed that the policies had underlying monoglossic ideology that can be seen having tolerance-oriented and expediency-oriented policy ideologies for local languages. This implies that the official policies of Pakistan marginalized the local languages in the discourse of language education. These findings invite policymakers to bring the local languages in the ideological space of education and introduce high level of ideological uniformity, consistency and goal setting for English, Urdu, and local/indigenous languages in the language-in-education policies of Pakistan that matches, captures and promotes the linguistic diversity in Pakistan.
A Global Entrepreneurship Efficiency Benchmarking and Comparison Study based on National Systems of Entrepreneurship and Early-Stage Business: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Kim Sehoon
Published: September 2022

National Systems of Entrepreneurship is defined as a nation’s resource allocation structure leading to entrepreneurial behaviors. However, the existing indicators of national framework conditions may have limitations in comparing the entrepreneurial efficiency of countries. Based on institutional theory, this paper presents a model to examine the efficiency of entrepreneurial activities stemming from the given conditions of a country and find benchmarks based on data envelopment analysis by scrutinizing inputs and outputs with static efficiency, dynamic efficiency, and strategic quadrant analysis. For this purpose, the study utilizes the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset from 2015 to 2020 for 24 countries and presents the research questions regarding the differences in global entrepreneurial efficiencies, the countries for benchmarking, and the implications for entrepreneurial activities. The research implications suggest that diversifying the views on entrepreneurial efficiency may be valuable, and policymakers may focus on institutional conditions and entrepreneurial efficiency regarding the activity of early-stage businesses.
Matching Task Complexity With Supplier Management to Enhance Outsourcing Performance
Authors: Lee Gukseong
Published: September 2022

As organizations search for low-cost and complementary resources and capabilities from external partners, the development of strategic outsourcing becomes an increasingly complex task. Without having well-developed outsourcing processes and task complexity management capabilities in place, opportunities for improvement of outsourcing practices are largely unrealized. This study aims to investigate the influence of task complexity on outsourcing practices and explore the appropriate supplier management approaches for managing outsourcing task complexity. This study suggests a research model that addresses the moderating roles of supplier governance and supplier development in the relationship between task complexity and outsourcing performance. We collected data from Chinese manufacturing firms to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of this study reveal that: (1) task complexity negatively relates to outsourcing performance; (2) both contractual and relational governance play an important role in weakening the negative effect of task complexity on outsourcing performance; (3) supplier development also weakens the negative effect of task complexity on outsourcing performance. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the ways that firms operating in China manage task complexity effectively and achieve desired outsourcing performance.
Influence Factors on Consumers’ Instant Cross-buying under Supermarkets’ Cross-border Integration: From the Perspective of the Elaboration Likelihood Model
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Chen Yiwei , Hu Lin , Xu Anxin
Published: September 2022

Supermarkets’ cross-border integration, as an innovative format for the transformation and upgrading of traditional supermarkets, has been increasingly favored by enterprises recently. However, whether the cross-border integration of supermarkets encourages consumers to cross-buy is still a largely unexplored field. This study introduces the central and peripheral paths of the elaboration likelihood model and two mediating variables of consumers’ attitudes and herd mentality to explore the potential mechanism of consumers’ instant cross-buying intentions against the background of supermarkets’ cross-border integration. It takes consumers who purchase in cross-border integrated supermarkets as the research object. The empirical findings show that on the central path, perceived product quality and perceived fit have positive impacts on consumers’ attitudes, which then enhances their instant cross-buying intentions. Further, on the peripheral path, store image, and social interaction have positive impacts on consumers’ herd mentality, which then raises their instant cross-buying intentions.
Inter-Organizational Bench-Learning to Respond to Climate Change and Reduce Trade-Offs in Urban Drinking Water Supply: The Case of Grade 2B Municipalities in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Debela Bacha Kebede
Published: September 2022

Most studies on drinking water supply seem to focus on efficiency analysis and have failed to analyze effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and trade-offs in performance management. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposal Hull (FDH) novel reference technologies, we analyzed the efficiency, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness, and the social, economic and ecological performance (TBL elements) of 29 municipalities in drinking water supply, in Oromia National Regional State. The results from 42 (efficiency), 173 (effectiveness), and 37 (cost-effectiveness) DEA and FDH models on production model criterion and TBL elements reveal that performance of many municipalities was weak, and the municipalities encountered trade-offs on the production model criterion and TBL elements. We argue that inter-organizational bench-learning can improve performance, reduce trade-offs, and respond to the effect of climate change on the drinking water supply. To this end, we argue for the need to map peers for inter-organizational bench-learning. We identified five inter-organizational bench-learning strategies and drew implications. The article contributes to performance management literature and the debate on sustainable development.
Crowdfunding Platforms as a Substitute Financing Source for Young Saudi Entrepreneurs: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Alshebami Ali Saleh
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the factors determining the behavioral intention of young Saudi entrepreneurs to use crowdfunding to finance their small enterprises. The capacity of behavioral intention to predict the use behavior of crowdfunding platforms was also assessed. Partial least squares-based structural equation modeling method (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze responses collected from 270 young Saudi entrepreneurs (qualified students) attending the Community College of Abqaiq in Saudi Arabia, which is affiliated with King Faisal University. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) with extensions of three constructs was employed. The findings revealed that performance expectancy, social influence, perceived trust and perceived risks predicted the behavioral intention of young Saudi entrepreneurs to use crowdfunding platforms to finance their small enterprises, whereas effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and trialability had no significant predictive effect on the same behavioral intention. It was further reported that behavioral intention could also predict the use behavior of young Saudi entrepreneurs on crowdfunding platforms. The overall results indicated that the model explained 55.4% of the variance in behavioral intention and 38.3% of the variance in use behavior of young Saudi entrepreneurs.
How Relationship Satisfaction and Negative Communication Trajectories Change in Emerging Adults’ Dating Relationships: A Group-Based Dual Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Jolin Stéphanie , Lafontaine Marie-France , Lussier Yvan , Brassard Audrey
Published: September 2022

Early romantic relationships are salient to the development of healthy future relationships. Yet, little is known about the evolution of romantic relationships of emerging adults since most of the research has been conducted on married or well-established couples. The current study aims to examine how relationship satisfaction and negative communication evolve and are interrelated during emerging adulthood. Using age as a time metric, we conducted group-based dual trajectory modeling analyses on 1566 unmarried Canadian individuals (from 17 to 24 years old) in a relationship, who could either stay with the same partner or change partner over time. A four-group model for relationship satisfaction and a four-group model for negative communication were found. Dual analyses highlighted the high concordance between specific trajectories of both constructs. These findings demonstrate that relationship satisfaction and negative communication do not evolve in the same ways for everyone and provide useful insights to existing clinical interventions.
Financial Well-being and Its Psychological Determinants— An Emerging Country Perspective
Authors: Mathew Vineetha , Santhosh Kumar P K  , Sanjeev M A
Published: September 2022

Financial well-being (FWB) is critical to subjective well-being—a crucial component in measuring social progress. This study explores the simultaneous influence of five psychological traits of financial self-efficacy, risk tolerance, a propensity to plan, materialism and the tendency for social comparison on FWB. The study is a cross-sectional causal investigation using a web-based survey. The survey was administered to individuals who were active in financial decision-making activities and selected using a combination of judgmental and snowball sampling. Structural equation modelling revealed a positive influence on financial self-efficacy and propensity to plan and the negative impact of risk-tolerance, materialism and a tendency for social comparison on subjective FWB. Financial institutions and educators may utilize the study results for improving characteristics that help their clients make better financial decisions and enjoy higher levels of financial and subjective well-being. The study makes two contributions to the existing literature on the subject. First, the study simultaneously investigates the effect of the five psychological traits on subjective FWB—not attempted hitherto. Additionally, the study provides an Indian perspective on the subject, an emerging country covering one-sixth of the world population.
Understanding Pneumomediastinum as a Complication in Patients With COVID-19: A Case Series
Authors: Gulati Uday , Medeiros Christine , Nanduri Ananya , Kanoff Jack , Zarbiv Samson , Bonk Michael , Green Adam
Published: September 2022

Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication among non-coronavirus patients but has been published with increased incidence in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of these studies report patients on mechanical ventilation and an understanding of mechanisms causing this remains limited. We aim to use an increasing occurrence in patients not on mechanical ventilation to further explore mechanisms that predispose patients to pneumomediastinum and to assess characteristics potentially related to poor outcomes. We report a case series of 37 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and pneumomediastinum at a 2-hospital institution between January 1, 2020 and April 30, 2021. At 28 days after diagnosis of pneumomediastinum, 19 (51.4%) were dead and mortality was significantly higher among those who were older ( t = 2.147, P = .039), female (χ2 = 10.431, P = .015), body mass index ≥30 (χ2 = 6.0598, P = .01), intubated (χ2 = 4.937, P = .026), and had pre-existing lung disease (χ2 = 4.081, P = .043). Twenty-three patients (62.2%) were identified to have pneumomediastinum without receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, of which 11 (47.8%) were diagnosed without receiving noninvasive ventilation. The increased diagnosis of pneumomediastinum in patients with COVID-19 while not on mechanical ventilation, in this case series and in comparable studies, may attribute to mechanisms aside from positive pressure ventilation such as patient self-induced lung injury and pulmonary frailty.
Sleep Quality Among Adolescents and Its Relation to Inhalant, Khat, and Internet Use, and Physical Illness: A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wolde Asrat , Aydiko Alemseged
Published: September 2022

Sleep-related health problems are under investigated among adolescents in low-income countries, including our country, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the sleep quality and its associated factors among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 799 adolescents from May 27 to July 27, 2021, using a systematic random sampling technique. Sleep quality was assessed by using the Petersburg sleep quality index. The data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21. A logistic regression model was used, and variables with a P-value less than .05 in the final fitting model were stated as independent predictors of poor sleep quality (PSQ). About 1 in 3 adolescents (38%) had a poor sleep quality. The rates of inhalant, khat, and internet use disorders were 16%, 38%, and 18%, respectively. Also, 27.4% of adolescents used alcohol as a sleep medication, and 75% of adolescents with internet addiction had PSQ. Moreover, adolescents with physical illness had about 4 times higher odds of association with PSQ (AOR = 3.76 and 95% CI = 2.30-6.15%CI), and inhalant use disorder (AOR = 1.98 and 95% CI = 1.29-3.04%CI), internet addiction (AOR = 3.33 and 95% CI = 2.09-5.30%CI), and khat use disorder (AOR = 1.74 and 95% CI = 1.11-2.73%CI), were positively associated with PSQ. PSQ was higher among adolescents, and problematic inhalants, khat, and internet use and physical illness were risk factors for PSQ.
Can Bureaucrats Break Trust? Testing Cultural and Institutional Theories of Trust with Chinese Panel Data
Authors: Fairbrother Malcolm , Mewes Jan , Wilkes Rima , Wu Cary , Giordano Giuseppe Nicola
Published: September 2022

What is the relationship between trust and the quality of political institutions in a society? According to an influential cultural perspective, social trust—the belief that most people can be trusted—is a value inculcated during individuals’ formative years, and remains fixed afterward. A second perspective holds that social trust reflects experiences throughout the life course, particularly interactions with public institutions and officials. The authors test these cultural and institutional theories using data from three waves of the China Family Panel Studies, assessing how political and social trust respond to treatment by public officials that respondents consider unfair. The authors find that such experiences, which they show in many cases likely meant being a victim of corruption, are associated with declines in trust. Yet the effects are short lived: within two years both types of trust revert to their original levels. These results therefore provide mixed support for both theories and suggest a reconciliation between them.
Revisiting Major Approaches to Tribal Development in India: A Brief Review of Isolationist, Integrationist and Assimilative Approaches
Authors: Pradeep Kumar B.
Published: September 2022

Three approaches, namely, isolationists, integrationists and Assimilative approaches are at the centre stage of philosophical and theoretical foundations that shape the discourses pertaining to the progress of tribal communities in India. Different schemes of tribal development implemented in India find their expression in at least one of these approaches. While the isolationist approach seeks to attain tribal development by treating tribal communities as specimens in a National Park, the integrationist approach calls for integrating the tribal communities with the mainstream. Undoubtedly, the isolationist approach has turned out to be an utter failure as it emphasizes confining the tribal communities within the forest, pushing them further to darkness and miseries. Integration is the ‘respectful merger’ of the tribal communities with the mainstream, staking a claim to an equal share of power and resources. Nevertheless, thrown into the ‘net’ of modernists from the ‘lap’ of nature in the name of integration, tribal communities have become the victims of modern industrialization. This calls for the ‘selective and slow integration’ of tribal communities with the mainstream population. However, this selective and gradual integration should be accompanied by suitable ‘protectionist’ instruments to devise an enhanced strategy aiming at the progress of the tribal communities.
The multiple environmentalities of conservation mapping in Patagonia-Aysén
Authors: Astaburuaga Juan , Leszczynski Agnieszka , Martin Michael E , Gaillard JC
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we mobilise a multiple environmentalities framework that captures overlapping rationalities of governing nature to engage and identify the role of maps and mapping practices in Patagonia-Aysén, Chile, a peripheral region where government and institutional actors have embraced (eco)tourism as a conservation strategy in protected areas. Through interviews with key stakeholders situated in conservation and tourism institutions in both the public and private sector, we identify two dominant environmentalities at play in the relationship between protected area management and tourism development in Patagonia-Aysén: a neoliberal environmentality, which seeks to promote conservation through the commodification of nature as a tourism product, and an environmentality of truth predicated on a singular, pristine and beautiful nature as an object of conservation and advantage for tourism. Through an analysis of conservation maps and mapping rationalities specific to the Cerro Castillo protected area in Patagonia-Aysén, we trace how these multiple environmentalities are consolidated, rendered real and actionable through geovisualisations and cartographic practices. We argue that conservation maps and mapping emerge as an ‘encounter point’ wherein multiple environmentality strategies and rationalities converge, producing a form of governing the spaces of conservation – what we term a spatial environmentality – rooted in neoliberal and aesthetic logics. Spatial environmentality, we contend, constitutes a form of governing conservation spaces by inscribing and assigning (in)appropiate uses to nature that operationalises institutional interests in conditioning the active engagement of ‘environment subjects’ to control, administer, and take care of the spaces of conservation while in turn making environmental stewardship profitable.
Sartre’s Lost Organization Theory: Reading the Critique of Dialectical Reason Today
Authors: Fleming Peter
Published: September 2022

Jean-Paul Sartre’s enormous and often difficult Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960/2004) has largely been forgotten today. But the concepts it contains are worth reconsidering, particularly from an organization theory perspective. The book offers novel explanations of organizations, groups, institutions, power, resistance and technology that remain eminently relevant. I argue that a compelling and fruitful organization theory lurks in the Critique of Dialectical Reason with respect to (at least) three key topics: power/resistance, management hierarchies and technology. I outline the contours of this Sartrean organization theory and present implications and avenues for future inquiry.
Hardened water: The remaking of a coastal city
Authors: Campbell Claire
Published: September 2022

As the rising sea levels of climate change reshape hemispheric space, we are confronting the historical legacies of building cities by the sea. This is especially so on small Prince Edward Island, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This essay explores the transformation of the waterfront in the Island’s capital city, Charlottetown, according to the prerogatives of the railway era in the latter nineteenth century. Covering fresh water and filling in salt were fundamental to city-building in nineteenth-century North America, but this essay seeks to highlight the importance of considering the intersection of fresh water and salt in our coastal cities, and the prevalence of the ethos of development in even smaller cities along the shore. This is the story of how a colonial capital initially praised for and defined by its aqueous features gradually lost one particular wetland in its downtown core, in building out the fabric required for the railway era. Human intervention had profound environmental consequences in shaping the city, especially its waterfront, and tied this Island city to larger narratives of urbanization, the politics of transportation and technology, and the regime of fossil fuels. Charlottetown demonstrates why coastal cities must rediscover their water lines, as tidewater, newly animated by climate change, forces us to address the origin, extent, and adaptability of urban infrastructure inherited from the nineteenth century. This essay draws heavily on manuscript and commercial maps.
Diabetes Care Network: A Novel Model to Disseminate Team-Based Diabetes Specialty Care in a Rural Population
Authors: Zupa Margaret F. , Beattie Janice , Boudreaux-Kelly Monique , Larson Meg , Lumley Brandi , Lutz-McCain Stacey , Summerville Ashley , Bandi Archana
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of a novel approach to provide diabetes specialty team care to rural patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on clinical outcomes and processes of care.

Methods:

Diabetes Care Network (DCN) provides Veterans with T2DM and elevated A1C an initial 6-week period of remote self-management education and support and medication management by a centrally located team of diabetes specialists. Participants are then comanaged by remote liaisons embedded in rural primary care facilities for the remainder of the 12-month intervention. In this pre-post intervention study, 87 Veterans enrolled in DCN from 2 different clinical sites had baseline and 12-month postenrollment A1C, systolic blood pressure, weight, and LDL cholesterol levels collected and compared using paired t tests.

Results:

Participants were mostly male and White with elevated baseline A1C. Participants from both sites had significant improvement in A1C over the 12-month intervention period compared to an increase in the 12 months prior to enrollment. There were also significant improvements in LDL and systolic blood pressure at 1 site, with no significant change in weight at either site.

Conclusions:

DCN participants had significant improvement in A1C after not meeting similar goals previously in a robust primary care setting. A technology-enabled collaborative partnership between centrally located diabetes care teams and local liaisons is a feasible approach to enhance access to diabetes specialty care for rural populations.
Arthroscopic Visualization of Femoral Cortical Button Deployment During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Apsingi Sunil , Mohammed Murtuza Ahmed , Parameswaran Apurve , Dannana Chandra Sekhar , Eachempati Krishna Kiran
Published: September 2022

Background:

Up to 25% of femoral cortical suspensory fixation devices are reported to be deployed inappropriately during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Most techniques for visualizing suspensory button deployment reported in the literature are for adjustable loop buttons and outside-in femoral tunnel technique. Intraoperative radiographs are inconvenient and involve exposure to radiation. No “gold standard” technique for visualization of femoral cortical button deployment has been described yet.

Indications:

This technique can be employed for all patients requiring ACL reconstruction surgery.

Technique Description:

The femoral tunnel is prepared from the anteromedial portal. With the knee in flexion, a beath pin loaded with a suture loop is passed via the anteromedial portal through the femoral tunnel; the eyelet of the pin with the suture loop is retained in the femoral tunnel. The knee is extended without fear of bending the beath pin. The arthroscope is shifted into the lateral gutter. An outside-in lateral parapatellar portal is made at the level of the center of the patella, 1 cm lateral to its lateral edge. The joint capsule and soft tissues in the lateral gutter are resected using a shaver. The beath pin is identified without fear of lacerating the suture loop. The exit point of the pin depends on the knee flexion at the time of femoral tunnel preparation, and more flexion results in more anterior pin exit and vice versa. The rest of the surgery is performed as planned. The definitive sutures of the desired femoral cortical suspensory device are passed from the tibial tunnel into the femoral tunnel. The arthroscope is then positioned in the lateral gutter and the cortical button is deployed appropriately under vision, onto the lateral femoral cortex. If required, the cortical button can be manipulated to seat it appropriately, using an instrument from the lateral parapatellar portal. The remainder of the surgery is performed as per the surgeon’s preference.

Results:

We routinely perform this step during ACL reconstruction. It adds 2 to 4 minutes to the surgical time. We have not encountered any complications of this procedure.

Discussion/Conclusion:

This maneuver is effective in facilitating appropriate deployment of femoral cortical suspensory devices under vision.
The extremely reduced, diverged and reconfigured plastomes of the largest mycoheterotrophic orchid lineage
Authors: Wen Yingying , Qin Ying , Shao Bingyi , Li Jianwu , Ma Chongbo , Liu Yan , Yang Boyun , Jin Xiaohua
Published: September 2022

Background

Plastomes of heterotrophic plants have been greatly altered in structure and gene content, owing to the relaxation of selection on photosynthesis-related genes. The orchid tribe Gastrodieae is the largest and probably the oldest mycoheterotrophic clade of the extant family Orchidaceae. To characterize plastome evolution across members of this key important mycoheterotrophic lineage, we sequenced and analyzed the plastomes of eleven Gastrodieae members, including representative species of two genera, as well as members of the sister group Nervilieae.

Results

The plastomes of Gastrodieae members contain 20 protein-coding, four rRNA and five tRNA genes. Evolutionary analysis indicated that allrrngenes were transferred laterally and together, forming anrrnblock in the plastomes of Gastrodieae. The plastome GC content ofGastrodiaspecies ranged from 23.10% (G. flexistyla) to 25.79% (G. javanica).The plastome ofDidymoplexis pallenscontains two copies each ofycf1andycf2. The synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates were very high in the plastomes of Gastrodieae among mycoheterotrophic species in Orchidaceae and varied between genes.

Conclusions

The plastomes ofGastrodieaeare greatly reduced and characterized by low GC content,rrnblock formation, lineage-specific reconfiguration and gene content, which might be positively selected. Overall, the plastomes of Gastrodieae not only serve as an excellent model for illustrating the evolution of plastomes but also provide new insights into plastome evolution in parasitic plants.
COVID’s collateral damage: likelihood of measles resurgence in the United States
Authors: Thakur Mugdha , Zhou Richard , Mohan Mukundan , Marathe Achla , Chen Jiangzhuo , Hoops Stefan , Machi Dustin , Lewis Bryan , Vullikanti Anil
Published: September 2022

Background

Lockdowns imposed throughout the US to control the COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in all routine immunizations rates, including the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. It is feared that post-lockdown, these reduced MMR rates will lead to a resurgence of measles.

Methods

To measure the potential impact of reduced MMR vaccination rates on measles outbreak, this research examines several counterfactual scenarios in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 era. An agent-based modeling framework is used to simulate the spread of measles on a synthetic yet realistic social network of Virginia. The change in vulnerability of various communities to measles due to reduced MMR rate is analyzed.

Results

Results show that a decrease in vaccination rate $$(\mathrm{\alpha })$$

(
α
)

has a highly non-linear effect on the number of measles cases and this effect grows exponentially beyond a threshold $$(\mathrm{\alpha })$$

(
α
)

. At low vaccination rates, faster isolation of cases and higher compliance to home-isolation are not enough to control the outbreak. The overall impact on urban and rural counties is proportional to their population size but the younger children, African Americans and American Indians are disproportionately infected and hence are more vulnerable to the reduction in the vaccination rate.

Conclusions

At low vaccination rates, broader interventions are needed to control the outbreak. Identifying the cause of the decline in vaccination rates (e.g., low income) can help design targeted interventions which can dampen the disproportional impact on more vulnerable populations and reduce disparities in health. Per capita burden of the potential measles resurgence is equivalent in the rural and the urban communities and hence proportionally equitable public health resources should be allocated to rural regions.
Kynurenine and oxidative stress in children having learning disorder with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: possible role and involvement
Authors: Kilany Ayman , Nashaat Neveen Hassan , Zeidan Hala M. , Hashish Adel F. , El-Saied Mostafa M. , Abdelraouf Ehab Ragaa
Published: September 2022

Background

The etiological and pathophysiological factors of learning disorder (LD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are currently not well understood. These disorders disrupt some cognitive abilities. Identifying biomarkers for these disorders is a cornerstone to their proper management. Kynurenine (KYN) and oxidative stress markers have been reported to influence some cognitive abilities. Therefore, the aim was to measure the level of KYN and some oxidative stress indicators in children with LD with and without ADHD and to investigate their correlations with the abilities of children with LD.

Methods

The study included 154 participants who were divided into 3 groups: one for children who have LD (N = 69); another for children with LD and ADHD (N = 31); and a group for neurotypical (NT) children (N = 54). IQ testing, reading, writing, and other ability performance evaluation was performed for children with LD. Measuring plasma levels of KYN, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for all participants.

Results

Some IQ measures and learning skills differed between the first two groups. The biochemical measures differed between children with LD (with and without ADHD) and NT children (p < 0.001). However, the biochemical measures did not show a significant statistical difference between the first two groups. KYN and glutathione peroxidase levels were correlated with one-minute writing and at-risk quotient, respectively (p = 0.03;0.04). KYN and malondialdehyde showed the highest sensitivity and specificity values.

Conclusion

These biochemical measures could be involved or have a role in the abilities’ performance of children with specific learning disorder.
Caesarean section in Sudan: findings from nationwide household surveys on rates, trends, and geographic and sociodemographic variability
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Manar E. , Thalib Lukman , Rayis Duriya A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Medically unjustifiable caesarean section (CS) deliveries have been rising rapidly in many developed countries over the last three decades. While many developing countries show rates beyond optimal levels, few poorer countries appear to have sub-optimal obstetric care in relation to essential surgeries. The objective of this study is to document the rates of CS delivery, its time trend, and geographic and sociodemographic variability in Sudan.

Methods

We utilized a number of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) conducted in 2014, 2010, and 2006 to quantify CS rates per 1000 live births. We also documented absolute changes in rates over three-time points and variation in CS rates across geographic regions and areas of residence.

Results

Over a decade, CS rates in Sudan increased steadily from 4.3% in 2006 to 6.7% in 2010 and 9.1% in 2014. During this period, CS rates varied considerably across regions showing higher rates in the Northern region (7–25%) and lower rates in Darfur (2–3%). Urban areas experienced rapidly increasing rates (6–14%), while rural areas showed negligible changes to absolute CS rates over time (5–7%). We also found geographic regions, maternal age, maternal education, receiving antenatal care, and birth order of the child were important determinants of CS in Sudan.

Conclusion

Sudan may be facing a double burden of problems associated with surgical interventions for childbirth. While the wealthier parts of Sudan are experiencing a rapid surge in CS, some poor parts of rural Sudan may not be getting the essential surgical intervention for birth when mandated. Urgent improvement to obstetric care and the development of appropriate public health interventions that focus on regional disparities are warranted.