bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
YUNUS EMRE’NİN DİVAN’INDAKİ PEYGAMBER ANLAYIŞI
Authors: ÖZTOPRAK Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Yunus Emre, Anadolu’nun siyasi olarak değişimler geçirdiği bir dönemde yaşamıştır. Siyasi otoritenin ortadan kalktığı bölgede sosyal hayat da yaşanan gelişmelerden etkilenmiştir. Siyasi sıkıntıların yaşandığı bir dönemde o, Tapduk Emre’nin dergâhına hizmetkâr olmuştur. Tekke hayatı, yaşadığı aşkın inşa sü-recini ifade etmektedir. Onun için aşk, temelde Allah’a ve elçisi Muhammed’e karşı yaşanandır. Peygamber tasavvurunu büyük oranda aşk oluşturmuştur. Güncel olarak dillendirilen aşkın büyük oranda cinsler arası icrası yapılırken o, ilahi aşkı tercih etmiştir. Kâinatın bu aşk üzerine bina edildiğini vahdet-i vücut anlayışıyla anlatmıştır. Allah Rasûlü hakkında birçok şair şiirler yazmıştır. Yunus Emre de Divan’ın büyük bir kısmını, Peygamber’e ve O’na olan aşkına tahsis etmiştir. “Gül Muhammed” anlayışı, fevkalade kıymet ifade etmektedir. O’na olan aşkını, diğer bazı şairlerin yaptığı gibi “gül” üzerinden sembolize etmiştir. Yunus Emre için “ümmet” kavramı önemlidir. Belki yaşadığı dönemin siyasi çal-kantıları ve bozulan yönetim birliğinin etkisiyle ümmet anlayışına fevkalade önem atfetmiştir. Ümmet anlayışının, Peygamber’in mesajı etrafında olabileceğini düşünmektedir. Belki bu düşünceden hareketle, elinden geleni yaptıktan sonra Peygamber tasavvurunun bir parçası olarak şefaat beklediğini söylemektedir. Yunus Emre’nin İslami anlayışı incelendiğinde, dine ve Allah Rasûlü’nün hayatına vakıf olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Hayatı ve eğitimi hakkında yeteri kadar bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Ancak, Peygamber tasavvurundan an-laşıldığı kadarıyla, belli düzeyde eğitim almış, farklı ilim merkezlerini gezmiş ve İslami ilimlerden haberdar olmuştur. Yunus Emre, tekke geleneğinin sadece hâl eğitimi olmadığını, ilim yönünün de olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu tespite, Allah Rasûlü ve diğer peygamberler hakkında verdiği bilgileri muhtevi anlayışını oluşturan dizelere bakıldığında ulaşılmaktadır.
Halep Vİlayet Salnamelerine Göre Maraş Polis Teşkilatının Kuruluşu(1881-1892)
Authors: KOZAK Yasin
Published: March 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nde salnameler, II. Abdülhamit’in iktidara çıkmasından sonra daha da düzeli bir biçimde yayınlanmaya başlamıştır. Bu salnamelerde; hangi vilayet adına tanzim edilmiş ise o vilayet ve vilayetlere bağlı sancaklarda yer alan kurumlar ve bu kurumların yöneticileri, sancakların eğitim ve sosyo-kültürel yapıları, adli ve ekonomik durumları ile ilgili bilgiler yer almaktadır. Günümüze kadar ulaşabilen vilayet salnameleri arasında Halep Vilayet Salnameleri de bulunmaktadır. Halep vilayetine ait ilk salname 1867 senesine aittir. 1867 yılından 1908 yılına kadar Halep Vilayeti ile ilgili 35 ayrı salname düzenlenmiştir.Bu çalışmada, 1882-1892 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış olan Halep salnameleri ile Osmanlı arşivlerinde yer alan Halep ve Maraş ile ilgili belgeler incelenerek Maraş polis teşkilatının ne zaman kurulduğu ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Maraş Milli Mücadelesinin Değerler Eğitimi Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ARIKOĞLU İsmail , NALÇACI Ahmet , TEKEREK Mehmet
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, Maraş Milli Mücadelesinde gerçekleşen olayların değerler eğitiminde kullanımı açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi deseni kullanılmıştır. Veri çözümlemesinde, yöre halkı tarafından ortak bilgiye dönüştürülmüş ve öğrencilerin bilişsel gelişim düzeyine uygun olduğu düşünülen olaylar seçilmiştir. Maraş Milli Mücadelesi süreci; işgal öncesi, işgal sırası, kurtuluş mücadelesi ve kurtuluş sonrası olarak dört ayrı bölümde incelenmiş, her bölümle ilgili örnek olay seçilerek değerler açısından analiz edilmiştir. Örnek olaylar, Milli Mücadele döneminde insanların sahip oldukları değerlerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, insanların bu değerlere bağlılığını ve söz konusu değerler için can ve mal varlığından vazgeçme cesaret ve kararlılığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, daha özelde, “bayrak sevgisi, bağımsızlık, vatanseverlik, özgüven, özgürlük, cesaret, doğruluk, dürüstlük, sorumluluk ve dayanışma” gibi değerlerin en sık rastlanan değerler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Investigating the efficacy of a proposed marine protected area for the Endangered humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus at a remote island group in Seychelles
Authors: Daly R , Daly CAK , Gray AE , Peel LR , Gordon L , Lea JSE , Clarke CR , Weng KC
Published: March 2020

The humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is an iconic, ecologically important and Endangered fish species associated with coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. Due to its large size and complex life history characteristics, it is vulnerable to overfishing and has undergone substantial population declines in parts of its range. Knowledge of the species’ movement ecology is currently limited to only 2 previous studies, and very little is known about populations in the western Indian Ocean. The present study aimed to use passive acoustic telemetry to investigate the importance of a remote coral reef to a population of humphead wrasse in the Republic of Seychelles, and subsequently assess the efficacy of a proposed marine protected area at this location for protection of the species. Tagged fish (n = 20) exhibited persistent (>500 d) site fidelity, with low dispersal distances (mean ± SD: 6.44 ± 4.0 km) and restricted core activity spaces (50% Brownian bridge kernel utilization density: 0.91 ± 0.61 km2). Additionally, the study site was home to a group of large (total length 97.9 ± 20.6 cm) and currently unexploited humphead wrasse that showed long-term predictable site fidelity and thus could be vulnerable to over-exploitation. The establishment of a proposed no-take marine protected area at the study site would encompass the core home range area of all tagged humphead wrasse and could effectively conserve this stronghold of Endangered fish to ensure the persistence of the species in Seychelles waters.
In Vivo Documentation of Stimulus Velocity Tuning of Mechanically Induced Reflex Cough
Authors: Demoulin B. , Coutier-Marie L. , Ioan I. , Schweitzer C.E. , Foucauld L. , Demoulin-Alexikova S.
Published: March 2020

In order to clear airways and lungs defensive reflexes are provoked rather by the dynamic phase of mechanical stimulus. It is speculated that provocation of defensive response depends not only on stimulus duration but also on stimulus velocity. Fourteen adult rabbits were anaesthetized and tracheotomized. Mechanical stimulus was provoked by a mechanical probe introduced through the tracheotomy and rotated by a small electrical motor using a rotational velocity of 40 rpm/s and 20 rpm/s. Threshold, incidence and intensity of cough reflex (CR) were analyzed for each animal. Statistical comparisons between two velocities were performed using Friedman nonparametric test for repeated measurements. Results are median (25-75 %). The threshold of CR was signiﬁcantly increased (p=0.005) from 350 ms (300-500 ms) to 550 ms (350-1150 ms) and the incidence of cough reflex was significantly reduced (p=0.002) from 50 % (19 50 %) to 0 % (0-25 %) when the rotational velocity of the mechanical probe was reduced by half. The findings of this study are of interest as they show that protective reflex cough, an important mechanism that allows clearing airways even during sleep or anesthesia, is tuned by mechanical stimulus velocity.
Perubahan Makna Kata Cebong Menjelang Pemilu 2019
Authors: Pebrianto Marhan , Daniarsa Hanna Latifani , Hielyand Lo Leonardo Theophilus , Larassati Anisa
Published: March 2020

Menjelang dilaksanakannya pemilihan umum pada 17 April 2019, banyak fenomena sosial yang muncul. Salah satunya adalah fenomena Bahasa berupa   umpatan-umpatan yang ditujukan kepada calon presiden dan pendukungnya. Salah satu umpatan yang muncul berupa penyebutan kata cebong bagi pasangan calon presiden nomor 01 dan pendukungnya. Kata cebong yang sebelumnya tidak umum digunakan sebagai kata umpatan, kini mengalami perubahan makna yang cukup signifikan. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengguakan aplikasi AntConc untuk mengetahui kolokasi kelas kata dan frasa yang sering muncul dengan kata cebong tersebut. Selain itu, peneliti juga menjelaskan proses perubahan makna kata cebong dengan menggunakan teori dari (Chaer, 2009) sebagai acuan utama. Data yang digunakan berupa komentar dan caption pengguna Instagram dalam akun @Fakta_Elite dalam postingannya dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2018. Metode yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskritif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kata cebong yang keluar sering bersamaan dengan kata benda berupa rezim, akun, kubu, dan sebagainya. Kata sifat yang muncul berupa dungu, betina, panik, dan frasa semisal cebong dungu akut. Proses perubahan kata cebong ini termasuk proses perubahan makna total yang dilatar belakangi oleh adanya proses asosiasi dan pengembangan istilah. Kata cebong tersebut bermakna ketidaksukaan atau kritik terhadap calon presiden nomor urut 01 dan para pendukungnya.
LEGAL PROTECTION IN FRANCHISE AGREEMENT: CASE STUDY DECISION NUMBER 493/Pdt/2018/PT.DKI
Authors: Haritz Maulana Teuku Muhamad , Widjajati Erna , Wijaya Firman
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the legal protection in a franchise agreement, how to resolve disputes in a franchise business, the implementation of a franchise business agreement and legal protection in payment of fees for my salon owners. The study was conducted at the MY Salon Center South Jakarta. The data analysis technique uses analysis, which is a method that describes or presents a fact or reality systematically with the approach method used is a normative juridical approach to test and study secondary data relating to research problems.
The results showed that in implementing the franchise agreement both the franchisor and the franchisee must support each other to achieve a business that is progressing and developing, being open and exchanging information in establishing business relationships that are being run together. Both parties must carry out their agreed roles in the agreement to create a balance of rights and obligations for both parties. Disputes arise in the business franchise if one party violates the contents of the agreement the other party can sue the violating party following applicable law. Dispute resolution is a dispute resolution agency or dissent through a procedure agreed by the parties, namely settlement outside the court using consultation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation or expert judgment. Litigation and arbitration are adjudication processes while alternative dispute resolution is a consensus process.
Lexical Explorer: extending access to the Database for Spoken German for user-specific purposes
Authors: Lemmenmeier-Batinić Dolores
Published: March 2020

This paper presents Lexical Explorer, 2 a tool that allows interactive browsing and filtering of quantitative corpus information. It further describes how this tool can be used to support linguistic work on corpora of spoken German. By using Lexical Explorer, users can analyse quantitative corpus data by interacting with frequency tables and obtaining customised word profiles of word distribution across word form variation, co-occurrences and metadata. Interaction with corpus examples of particular corpus counts is also enabled. Lexical Explorer was developed as a prototype for user-specific corpus access and is aimed at researchers of German lexicon in spoken interaction. Although Lexical Explorer was developed on the basis of two small speech corpora of the German language, the underlying principle of this tool can be easily adapted to other corpora and other user groups. Moreover, the tool can be used to gain insights into the corpus structure as well as to study and verify corpus content in a transparent and user-friendly way.
The Mediating Role of Leisure Satisfaction between Work and Family Domain and Work-Life Balance
Authors: Kong Edwina , Hassan Zaiton , Abdullah Bandar Nur Fatihah
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of leisure satisfaction between work domain (work overload and job involvement), family domain (family workload and family support) and work-life balance among teachers in Kuching. Fifty employees responded to the self-administered questionnaire in one of a primary school in Kuching area. Data was analyzed Pearson Correlation, Regression and Sobel Test. Results indicated that work overload and family workload are negative and significantly influence employee work-life balance while job involvement and family support are positive and significantly effect work-life balance. This research revealed work overload, job involvement, family workload, family support, and work-life balance are partially mediated by leisure satisfaction. Thus, it is recommended for organizations to organize variety of leisure activities as a strategy to assist employees to improve work-life balance.

Keywords: Work overload; Job involvement; Family workload; Family support; Leisure satisfaction; Work-life balance
Level Up: Using Gamification to Improve Student Evaluation and Motivation
Authors: Kelly Jarrod
Published: March 2020

Research spanning decades has shown that grading reduces student motivation and performance. In an effort to overcome the negative effects associated with grading, I have developed a novel method of student evaluation, which I call Reflected Progression Grading (RPG). The RPG approach incorporates motivational elements, inspired by popular games and gamification research, to encourage autonomous motivation and performance-approach goals among students in a general education course. This paper describes the RPG method in detail and presents the results of two studies examining the efficacy of this approach. The initial results are encouraging: the course failure rate was greatly reduced and students reported feeling greater perceived competence. In addition, large majorities of students reported feeling more autonomous and motivated. Likewise, most students expressed a preference for this type of grading over more traditional methods. Overall, this gamified approach seems to overcome many of the negative effects associated with traditional evaluation.
On Classical Solutions for A Kuramoto–Sinelshchikov–Velarde-Type Equation
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , di Ruvo Lorenzo
Published: March 2020

The Kuramoto–Sinelshchikov–Velarde equation describes the evolution of a phase turbulence in reaction-diffusion systems or the evolution of the plane flame propagation, taking into account the combined influence of diffusion and thermal conduction of the gas on the stability of a plane flame front. In this paper, we prove the well-posedness of the classical solutions for the Cauchy problem.
Statistical Approaches for the Analysis of Dependency Among Neurons Under Noise
Authors: Gençağa Deniz , Şengül Ayan Sevgi , Farnoudkia Hajar , Okuyucu Serdar
Published: March 2020

Neuronal noise is a major factor affecting the communication between coupled neurons. In this work, we propose a statistical toolset to infer the coupling between two neurons under noise. We estimate these statistical dependencies from data which are generated by a coupled Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) model with additive noise. To infer the coupling using observation data, we employ copulas and information-theoretic quantities, such as the mutual information (MI) and the transfer entropy (TE). Copulas and MI between two variables are symmetric quantities, whereas TE is asymmetric. We demonstrate the performances of copulas and MI as functions of different noise levels and show that they are effective in the identification of the interactions due to coupling and noise. Moreover, we analyze the inference of TE values between neurons as a function of noise and conclude that TE is an effective tool for finding out the direction of coupling between neurons under the effects of noise.
A Low Complexity Near-Optimal Iterative Linear Detector for Massive MIMO in Realistic Radio Channels of 5G Communication Systems
Authors: Albreem Mahmoud A. , Alsharif Mohammed H. , Kim Sunghwan
Published: March 2020

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a substantial pillar in fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Although the maximum likelihood (ML) detector attains the optimum performance, it has an exponential complexity. Linear detectors are one of the substitutions and they are comparatively simple to implement. Unfortunately, they sustain a considerable performance loss in high loaded systems. They also include a matrix inversion which is not hardware-friendly. In addition, if the channel matrix is singular or nearly singular, the system will be classified as an ill-conditioned and hence, the signal cannot be equalized. To defeat the inherent noise enhancement, iterative matrix inversion methods are used in the detectors’ design where approximate matrix inversion is replacing the exact computation. In this paper, we study a linear detector based on iterative matrix inversion methods in realistic radio channels called QUAsi Deterministic RadIo channel GenerAtor (QuaDRiGa) package. Numerical results illustrate that the conjugate-gradient (CG) method is numerically robust and obtains the best performance with lowest number of multiplications. In the QuaDRiGA environment, iterative methods crave large n to obtain a pleasurable performance. This paper also shows that when the ratio between the user antennas and base station (BS) antennas ( β ) is close to 1, iterative matrix inversion methods are not attaining a good detector’s performance.
On Geometry of Information Flow for Causal Inference
Authors: Surasinghe Sudam , Bollt Erik M.
Published: March 2020

Causal inference is perhaps one of the most fundamental concepts in science, beginning originally from the works of some of the ancient philosophers, through today, but also weaved strongly in current work from statisticians, machine learning experts, and scientists from many other fields. This paper takes the perspective of information flow, which includes the Nobel prize winning work on Granger-causality, and the recently highly popular transfer entropy, these being probabilistic in nature. Our main contribution will be to develop analysis tools that will allow a geometric interpretation of information flow as a causal inference indicated by positive transfer entropy. We will describe the effective dimensionality of an underlying manifold as projected into the outcome space that summarizes information flow. Therefore, contrasting the probabilistic and geometric perspectives, we will introduce a new measure of causal inference based on the fractal correlation dimension conditionally applied to competing explanations of future forecasts, which we will write G e o C y → x . This avoids some of the boundedness issues that we show exist for the transfer entropy, T y → x . We will highlight our discussions with data developed from synthetic models of successively more complex nature: these include the Hénon map example, and finally a real physiological example relating breathing and heart rate function.
Completeness of Classical Thermodynamics: The Ideal Gas, the Unconventional Systems, the Rubber Band, the Paramagnetic Solid and the Kelly Plasma
Authors: Arango-Reyes Karen , Ares de Parga Gonzalo
Published: March 2020

A method is developed to complete an incomplete set of equations of state of a thermodynamic system. Once the complete set of equations is found, in order to verify the thermodynamic validity of a system, the Hessian and entropy methods are exposed. An original approach called the completeness method in order to complete all the information about the thermodynamic system is exposed. The Hessian method is improved by developing a procedure to calculate the Hessian when it is not possible to have an expression of the internal energy as a fundamental equation. The entropy method is improved by showing how to prove the first-degree homogeneous property of the entropy without having a fundamental expression of it. The completeness method is developed giving a total study of the thermodynamic system by obtaining the set of independent T d S equations and a recipe to obtain all the thermodynamics identities. In order to show the viability of the methods, they are applied to a typical thermodynamic system as the ideal gas. Some well-known and unknown thermodynamic identities are deduced. We also analyze a set of nonphysical equations of state showing that they can represent a thermodynamic system, but in an unstable manner. The rubber band, the paramagnetic solid and the Kelly equation of state for a plasma are corrected using our methods. In each case, a comparison is made between the three methods, showing that the three of them are complementary to the understanding of a thermodynamic system.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Unsteady MHD Natural Convective Flow of CNTs Oldroyd-B Nanofluid under Ramped Wall Velocity and Ramped Wall Temperature
Authors: Anwar Talha , Kumam Poom , Khan Ilyas , Watthayu Wiboonsak
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes heat transfer enhancement in incompressible time dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convective flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are immersed in a base fluid named Sodium alginate. The flow is restricted to an infinite vertical plate saturated in a porous material incorporating the generalized Darcy’s law and heat suction/injection. The governing equations for momentum, shear stress and energy are modelled in the form of partial differential equations along with ramped wall temperature and ramped wall velocity boundary conditions. Laplace transformation is applied to convert principal partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations first and, later, complex multivalued functions of Laplace parameter are handled with numerical inversion to obtain the solutions in real time domain. Expression for Nusselt number is also obtained to clearly examine the difference in rate of heat transfer. A comparison for isothermal wall condition and ramped wall condition is also made to analyze the difference in both profiles. A graphical study is conducted to analyze how the fluid profiles are significantly affected by several pertinent parameters. Rate of heat transfer increases with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticle while shear stress reduces with elevation in retardation time. Moreover, flow gets accelerated with increase in Grashof number and Porosity parameter. For every parameter, a comparison between solutions of SWCNTs and MWCNTs is also presented.
Evaluating Activation and Absence of Negative Effect: Gamification and Escape Rooms for Learning
Authors: López-Belmonte Jesús , Segura-Robles Adrian , Fuentes-Cabrera Arturo , Parra-González María Elena
Published: March 2020

Innovation has allowed for and developed new ways of teaching and learning. Gamification is among the new training methodologies, which is a didactic approach based on the game structure with an attractive component for students. Within gamification, flipped learning and problem-based learning, escape rooms can be found as a technical aspect, which is focused on providing enigmas and tracks for the various educational content that students have assimilated through learning based on problem solving. The aim of this study is to identify how the use of gamification with the use of educational escape rooms affects activation and absence of a negative effect on students. 61 Master students of the Autonomous City of Ceuta participated in this case study. They were divided into three study groups (1 control group; 2 experimental groups) that followed different formative actions (control group—traditional; experimental groups—escape rooms). To achieve the objectives, a mixed research design based on quantitative and qualitative techniques was followed. The instrument used for data collection was the GAMEX (Gameful Experience Scale). The results reveal that the students who had taken a gamified formative action through escape rooms obtained better assessment results in the indicators concerning motivation, teamwork, commitment, activation, and absence of a negative effect on the learning process than those with the traditional methodology.
Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Intervention in the First 1000 Days of Life to Prevent Obesity and Overweight in Childhood: Study Protocol
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Mercedes , Pérez-Muñoz Celia , Lendínez-de la Cruz José Manuel , Fernández-Gutiérrez Martina , Bas-Sarmiento Pilar , Ferriz-Mas Bernardo C.
Published: March 2020

(1) Background: Obesity is a global health problem, and its prevention must be a priority goal of public health, especially considering the seriousness of the problem among children. It is known that fetal and early postnatal environments may favor the appearance of obesity in later life. In recent years, the impact of the programs to prevent obesity in childhood has been scarce. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on the concept of early programming. (2) Methods: Non-randomized controlled trial design. Inclusion criteria are: two-year-old infants whose gestational period begins in the 14 months following the start of the intervention, and whose mothers have made the complete follow-up of their pregnancy in the same clinical unit of the study. The intervention will be developed over all the known factors that affect early programming, during pregnancy up to 2 years of life. Data will be collected through a data collection sheet by the paediatricians. A unibivariate and multivariate analysis of the data will be carried out. (3) Ethics and dissemination: The trial does not involve any risk to participants and their offspring. Signed informed consent is obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been obtained. (4) Results: It is expected that this study will provide evidence on the importance of the prevention of obesity from the critical period of the first 1000 days of life, being able to establish this as a standard intervention in primary care.
Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Sociodemographic Correlates among Adults: Findings from Samples in Mainland China
Authors: Lin Youliang , Yan Jin
Published: March 2020

A growing body of research has investigated the level of participation in muscle-strengthening (MS) activities and their correlates among Western populations; however, scarce attention has been paid to this issue among Chinese adults. This study aimed to describe the level of MS activities and to explore the relationships between sociodemographic correlates and level of MS activities in a large sample of Chinese adults. For this study, 3073 adults were recruited from 13 cities in Hubei Province. A self-reported questionnaire was utilized to collect data on MS activities and sociodemographic information among participants in this study. According to World Health Organization physical activity guidelines, MS activities should be undertaken at least two days per week. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the sociodemographic correlates of MS activities. The statistical significance level was set up as p < 0.05. The prevalence of MS activities among participants was 28.5%. MS activities among the total samples were associated with sex (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for male = 1.98, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.67–2.34) and family composition (aOR for multiple children = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.12–1.64). Among males, normal weight status (aOR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.08–1.78) and multiple children (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.21–2.05) were associated with MS activities. There was no association of sociodemographic factors with MS activities among females. Our results suggest that approximately 70% of adults in Hubei Province do not engage in recommended MS activities. These activities were associated with sex and family composition, which differed between sexes. This study provides sex-specific information on MS activity interventions. Future studies should use improved designs to explore more sociodemographic (e.g., health status, marital status and smoking status) and other dimensional correlates of MS activities among Chinese adults, to provide an evidence base for improved health behavior interventions.
Assessment, Distribution and Regional Geochemical Baseline of Heavy Metals in Soils of Densely Populated Area: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Song , Wu Cancan , Hong Shenshen , Chen Qianqian
Published: March 2020

To understand the content, pollution, distribution and source and to establish a geochemical baseline of heavy metal elements in soil under the influence of high-density population, the concentrations of heavy metal elements Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Fe were determined in 23 soil samples in Suzhou University, and geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, principal component analysis, spatial analysis and regression analysis were completed. The results showed the following: The elements Cu and As were slightly polluted, while the other heavy metal elements were not. The elements Cd, Cu, Ni and As in soils were mainly caused by agricultural activities of chemical fertilizer, whereas the elements Zn and Hg were impacted by the chemicals and batteries. The heavy metal elements in the north were lower than in the south of the campus, as a whole. The enrichment of elements Cu, As and Cd was caused by the east–west river on the campus, and the enrichment of the elements Mn, Ni and Zn was induced by the reservoir. Biochemical experiments and vehicle parking influenced the spatial enrichment of Cr, Co and Pb, while domestic waste led to the spatial differentiation of Hg concentrations. The regression curve between heavy metal elements and Fe was established, and the background values of the heavy metals Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb are 50.90, 489.37, 11.76, 37.74, 55.70, 58.22, 20.07, 0.09, 0.08 and 24.13 mg/kg, respectively.
Serum Uric Acid Level as a Harbinger of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Observation in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Wen-Chih , Lai Yen-Wen , Chou Yu-Ching , Liao Yu-Chan , You San-Lin , Bai Chyi-Huey , Sun Chien-An
Published: March 2020

Background: Current evidence suggests an association of uric acid with diabetes risk, but it is still unclear whether uric acid is merely a risk marker or an independent risk factor. We evaluate the impact of serum uric acid (SUA) levels on the future risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of other factors. Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted among 4130 participants who were found to be free of type 2 diabetes at baseline recruitment in 2002. Baseline SUA measured in 2002 was longitudinally related to the incident type 2 diabetes that occurred during the follow-up period between 2002 and 2007. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the association. Results: There was a graded increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes among individuals with increasing levels of SUA. In the whole study cohort, compared to quartile 1, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes in quartile 2, quartile 3, and quartile 4 were 1.69 (0.76–3.76), 1.86 (0.88–4.26), and 1.94 (1.05–4.05), respectively (P for trend = 0.004). This positive gradient for the risk of type 2 diabetes across quartiles of SUA was evident in both genders and across age groups. Conclusions: This study supports that high uric acid concentrations are associated with increased diabetes risk, independent of other known risk factors. These data expand on well-established associations between SUA level and metabolic syndrome, and extend the link to the future risk of type 2 diabetes.
Food Identities, Biocultural Knowledge and Gender Differences in the Protected Area “Sierra Grande de Hornachos” (Extremadura, Spain)
Authors: Gutiérrez-García Lorena , Labrador-Moreno Juana , Blanco-Salas José , Monago-Lozano Francisco Javier , Ruiz-Téllez Trinidad
Published: March 2020

A food tradition not only corresponds to the vital need to be nourished every day, but is part of the particularity of a territory as a consequence of its history, traditions, natural heritage, and capacity for ecological and social resilience. In the search for culinary identity, a valorization of a rural territory of high identity potential is carried out, such as in the environmental protection area “Sierra Grande de Hornachos” (Extremadura, Spain), and specifically the town of Hornachos. For this purpose, a series of workshops and interviews were held for men and women who had lived most of their lives in Hornachos and who were older than 70. Information on the food uses of wild and cultivated plants, as determined by the Cultural Significance Index (CSI) for 79 species, was extracted from the interpretation of the data collected. In addition, new uses were collected in Extremadura for 16 plants and in Spain for 3, with some of these data being of particular significance in the culinary culture of Hornachega. We conclude that the area “Sierra Grande de Hornachos” forms an environment of great culinary identity that must be preserved, not only for its heritage interests but also for its agroecological ones, which could be translated into measures of wealth creation and development.
Treating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): The Impact of Historical Environmental Context on Healthcare Perceptions and Decision-Making in Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Rodgers Wendy , Williams Edith M. , Smalls Brittany L. , Singleton Tyler , Tennessee Ashley , Kamen Diane , Gilkeson Gary
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Over 400,000 slaves were taken from Africa and brought to Charleston, South Carolina, as part of the transatlantic slave trade during the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to these negative historical events, the healthcare of African Americans in Charleston may be compromised in regard to chronic illnesses and other conditions affecting minorities, such as lupus. Materials and Methods: The current study used an ethnographic approach to obtain the perspectives of lupus patients with the goal of identifying gaps within current research. In addition to patient perspectives, the geographical location of Charleston, South Carolina was considered through inquiries around culture, community, advocacy, and client/patient interaction to establish a narrative for the themes that emerged. Results: The eleven major themes identified were connectedness, knowledge, experience with lupus, compliance, clinical trial participation, career and planning for the future, visits, access to resources, lifestyle, transition from child to adult care, and an overarching theme of self-management. Conclusion: Understanding healthcare perceptions and decision-making among culturally diverse populations, particularly those who have been defined by centuries of substandard care, marginalization, exploitation, and distrust, is critical to the development of culturally tailored interventions designed to improve patient outcomes and reduce health disparities.
Social Media Multidimensional Analysis for Intelligent Health Surveillance
Authors: Aramburu María José , Berlanga Rafael , Lanza Indira
Published: March 2020

Background: Recent work in social network analysis has shown the usefulness of analysing and predicting outcomes from user-generated data in the context of Public Health Surveillance (PHS). Most of the proposals have focused on dealing with static datasets gathered from social networks, which are processed and mined off-line. However, little work has been done on providing a general framework to analyse the highly dynamic data of social networks from a multidimensional perspective. In this paper, we claim that such a framework is crucial for including social data in PHS systems. Methods: We propose a dynamic multidimensional approach to deal with social data streams. In this approach, dynamic dimensions are continuously updated by applying unsupervised text mining methods. More specifically, we analyse the semantics and temporal patterns in posts for identifying relevant events, topics and users. We also define quality metrics to detect relevant user profiles. In this way, the incoming data can be further filtered to cope with the goals of PHS systems. Results: We have evaluated our approach over a long-term stream of Twitter. We show how the proposed quality metrics allow us to filter out the users that are out-of-domain as well as those with low quality in their messages. We also explain how specific user profiles can be identified through their descriptions. Finally, we illustrate how the proposed multidimensional model can be used to identify main events and topics, as well as to analyse their audience and impact. Conclusions: The results show that the proposed dynamic multidimensional model is able to identify relevant events and topics and analyse them from different perspectives, which is especially useful for PHS systems.
Predictive Validity of a New Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale for Detecting the Incidence of Functional Disability among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Makino Keitaro , Lee Sangyoon , Bae Seongryu , Shinkai Yohei , Chiba Ippei , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: March 2020

We examined the predictive validity of a newly developed scale—the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Activities of Daily Living (NCGG-ADL)—to measure instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) ability. We tested the scale for detecting new incidences of functional disability among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Participants were 2708 older adults (mean age = 79.0 years, 51.6% women) living in the community who had no functional decline at baseline. We assessed IADL ability using the NCGG-ADL scale, comprising 13 self-report questions. Next, we assessed their functional disability monthly for 24 months, based on the national long-term care insurance (LTCI) system. Among all participants, 430 (15.9%) had an IADL limitation at baseline, and 289 (10.7%) were newly certified as functionally disabled. Participants scoring ≤ 12 of 13 points in the NCGG-ADL showed a significantly higher risk of functional disability than did those scoring 13 points, even after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.58 [1.19–2.09]). We thus validated the NCGG-ADL as a screening tool for assessing the risk of functional disability among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. We conclude that IADL limitations, as measured by the NCGG-ADL, could be useful predictors of functional disability.
A Novel Visual Analysis Method of Food Safety Risk Traceability Based on Blockchain
Authors: Hao Zhihao , Mao Dianhui , Zhang Bob , Zuo Min , Zhao Zhihua
Published: March 2020

Current food traceability systems have a number of problems, such as data being easily tampered with and a lack of effective methods to intuitively analyze the causes of risks. Therefore, a novel method has been proposed that combines blockchain technology with visualization technology, which uses Hyperledger to build an information storage platform. Features such as distribution and tamper-resistance can guarantee the authenticity and validity of data. A data structure model is designed to implement the data storage of the blockchain. The food safety risks of unqualified detection data can be quantitatively analyzed, and a food safety risk assessment model is established according to failure rate and qualification deviation. Risk analysis used visual techniques, such as heat maps, to show the areas where unqualified products appeared, with a migration map and a force-directed graph used to trace these products. Moreover, the food sampling data were used as the experimental data set to test the validity of the method. Instead of difficult-to-understand and highly specialized food data sets, such as elements in food, food sampling data for the entire year of 2016 was used to analyze the risks of food incidents. A case study using aquatic products as an example was explored, where the results showed the risks intuitively. Furthermore, by analyzing the reasons and traceability processes effectively, it can be proven that the proposed method provides a basis to formulate a regulatory strategy for regions with risks.
Experience and Awareness of Health Managers, Administrators, and Workers on a Hearing Conservation Program in Korea: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ock Minsu , Pyo Jeehee , Kim Ok Hyun , Chae Changho , Ye Byeong Jin , Kim Sang Hoon , An Hyun Chan , Kim Ahra , Park Jae Oh , Lee Jiho
Published: March 2020

This study aims to evaluate the experience and awareness of a hearing conservation program to explore its activation plan. Three focus group discussions were conducted with five health managers, five labor supervisors, and five workers. A single in-depth interview was conducted with a health manager. Since hearing loss has a significant influence on the quality of life of workers, all participants recognized the importance of management. Although the need for hearing conservation programs was acknowledged, the participants had negative views about their effectiveness. Most health managers have not been able to demonstrate tangible results from their efforts to solve hearing problems, and they have been unable to demand that their employers actively invest resources and personnel in solving or preventing hearing problems. The participants in this study did not entirely understand the hearing conservation program, negative comments suggested that it is impossible to eliminate noise sources from the workplace, and measures for noise reduction would reduce work efficiency. This study can be supplied not only as a basis for reidentifying the real problems of the hearing conservation program but also for the tailored implementation method of future hearing conservation programs at each worksite.
Towards Convergence: How to Do Transdisciplinary Environmental Health Disparities Research
Authors: Cannon Clare E.B.
Published: March 2020

Increasingly, funders (i.e., national, public funders, such as the National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation in the U.S.) and scholars agree that single disciplines are ill equipped to study the pressing social, health, and environmental problems we face alone, particularly environmental exposures, increasing health disparities, and climate change. To better understand these pressing social problems, funders and scholars have advocated for transdisciplinary approaches in order to harness the analytical power of diverse and multiple disciplines to tackle these problems and improve our understanding. However, few studies look into how to conduct such research. To this end, this article provides a review of transdisciplinary science, particularly as it relates to environmental research and public health. To further the field, this article provides in-depth information on how to conduct transdisciplinary research. Using the case of a transdisciplinary, community-based, participatory action, environmental health disparities study in California’s Central Valley provides an in-depth look at how to do transdisciplinary research. Working with researchers from the fields of social sciences, public health, biological engineering, and land, air, and water resources, this study aims to answer community residents’ questions related to the health disparities they face due to environmental exposure. Through this case study, I articulate not only the logistics of how to conduct transdisciplinary research but also the logics. The implications for transdisciplinary methodologies in health disparity research are further discussed, particularly in the context of team science and convergence science.
Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Chinese Experience and Implications for Other Countries
Authors: Liu Wei , Yue Xiao-Guang , Tchounwou Paul B.
Published: March 2020

The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that occurred in China is rapidly spreading globally. China’s bond and strict containment measures have been proved (in practice) to significantly reduce the spread of the epidemic. This was obtained through the use of emergency control measures in the epidemic areas and the integration of resources from multiple systems, including business, community, technology, education, and transportation, across the country. In order to better understand how China has managed to reduce the public health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic, this editorial systematically reviews the specific measures for infection prevention and control of the disease. The best practices for COVID-19 eradication in China provide evidence-based strategies that could be replicated in other countries.
Reference Values and Correlations for Multiple Physical Performance Measures: A Cross-Sectional Study among Independently Mobile Older Men in Japan
Authors: Ishii Yoshinori , Noguchi Hideo , Sato Junko , Ishii Hana , Ishii Ryo , Toyabe Shin-ichi
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Japan is one of few countries with a male life expectancy over 80 years. The gap between the healthy life span and the total life expectancy is large, highlighting the importance of maintaining physical performance. The present study aims to establish reference values for multiple physical performance measures among high-functioning oldest-old Japanese men and to investigate the correlations among these measurements to understand how these variables are related. Methods: This study was conducted with 120 Japanese males aged 80 years or older who were able to walk independently. Seven measures of physical performance were assessed: handgrip strength, quadriceps strength, static balance ability (one-legged stance), dynamic balance ability (Functional Reach Test; FRT), walking ability (5-m walking time test), combined movement ability (Timed Up & Go test), and bone quality. Cognitive function was also measured (Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE). Results: Specific reference values are reported for each physical performance measurement explored in this study. Only six participants were classified as cognitively impaired, and 16 had mild cognitive impairment. There were significant correlations of varying levels among all of the measures of physical performance. Age was significantly correlated with all performance measures except FRT, and there was no correlation between age and MMSE. MMSE was weakly correlated with FRT and unrelated to the other performance measures. Conclusions: The reference ranges can be used by older men who have not yet reached 80 years and their health care providers as physical performance targets to facilitate the maintenance of independent mobility in later life.