bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Modeling and Analysis of Single-Layer NiZn Ferrite Inductors for EMI Filtering in Power Electronics Applications
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Zhaohui , Yu Jinyun , Liu Zhiqiang , Li Qiao
Published: November 2024

In the high-frequency (HF) region, specifically within the 150 kHz to 30 MHz range for conducting electromagnetic interference (EMI) modeling, NiZn inductors exhibit enhanced efficiency due to their low core losses and stable permeability. Consequently, the accurate modeling of NiZn ferrite toroidal inductors is essential, given their widespread applications in the HF domain, with the aim of addressing existing knowledge gaps. Previous inductor models often relied on the perfect electric conductor (PEC) assumption, which simplifies the analysis but does not fully represent the electromagnetic behavior of the cores to which the PEC assumption cannot be applied. This study investigates the actual electromagnetic behavior of NiZn cores, treating them as dielectrics, which diverges from the traditional PEC-based models. Furthermore, this research fully considers the actual geometry of the inductors, proposing a comprehensive and precise analytical model for NiZn ferrite toroidal inductors. The impact of various winding methods on core capacitance is also explored. The paper provides a detailed explanation of the physical significance underlying the proposed model. A comparative analysis of both modeling methods is presented, and the efficacy of the suggested approach is validated through simulations and experimental results in several distinct scenarios.
Enhancing Cover Management Factor Classification Through Imbalanced Data Resolution
Authors: Nguyen Kieu Anh , Chen Walter
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the persistent challenge of class imbalance in land use and land cover (LULC) classification within the Shihmen Reservoir watershed in Taiwan, where LULC is used to map the Cover Management factor (C-factor). The dominance of forests in the LULC categories leads to an imbalanced dataset, resulting in poor prediction performance for minority classes when using machine learning techniques. To overcome this limitation, we applied the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) and the 90-model SMOTE-variants package in Python to balance the dataset. Due to the multi-class nature of the data and memory constraints, 42 models were successfully used to create a balanced dataset, which was then integrated with a Random Forest algorithm for C-factor classification. The results show a marked improvement in model accuracy across most SMOTE variants, with the Selected Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (Selected_SMOTE) emerging as the best-performing method, achieving an overall accuracy of 0.9524 and a sensitivity of 0.6892. Importantly, the previously observed issue of poor minority class prediction was resolved using the balanced dataset. This study provides a robust solution to the class imbalance issue in C-factor classification, demonstrating the effectiveness of SMOTE variants and the Random Forest algorithm in improving model performance and addressing imbalanced class distributions. The success of Selected_SMOTE underscores the potential of balanced datasets in enhancing machine learning outcomes, particularly in datasets dominated by a majority class. Additionally, by addressing imbalance in LULC classification, this research contributes to Sustainable Development Goal 15, which focuses on the protection, restoration, and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
Seed Source Selection for Improvement of Growth and Wood Traits in 10-Year-Old Fraxinus griffithii C. B. Clarke Trees Planted in Northern Highlands of Thailand
Authors: Wongwachimaphet Pajaree , Neimsuwan Trairat , Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Diloksumpun Sapit
Published: November 2024

Fraxinus griffithii C. B. Clarke is introduced from Taiwan to Thailand by the Royal Project Foundation beginning of the 1980s for highland rehabilitation. To improve the growth traits and tree form characteristics, a tree breeding program for this species has been initiated. In the present study, we evaluated the among seed sources variations in growth traits (diameter at 1.3 m above the ground [DBH] and tree height) and wood traits (basic density [BD], modulus of elasticity [MOE], modulus of rupture [MOR], and compressive strength parallel to the grain [CS]) of 10-year-old F. griffithii trees originated from 15 seed sources planted in highland areas of Thailand. The mean values of measured trees were 7.25 cm in DBH, 11.59 m in tree height, 0.76 g/cm3 in basic density, 9.74 GPa in MOE, 100.78 MPa in MOR, and 38.46 MPa in CS, respectively. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 in growth traits and 0.02 to 0.85 in wood traits. As a result of principle component analysis and cluster analysis, 15 seed sources were classified into three groups. Of the three groups, one showed good performance in both growth and wood traits. Significant phenotypic and genetic correlations were found between growth traits and between wood traits. However, no significant correlations were found between growth and wood traits. Based on the results, it is concluded that progeny with good performance of both growth and wood traits can be produced from the combinations of superior seed sources tested in the present study.
Wildfire Identification Based on an Improved MobileNetV3-Small Model
Authors: Shi Guo-Xing , Wang Yi-Na , Yang Zhen-Fa , Guo Ying-Qing , Zhang Zhi-Wei
Published: November 2024

In this paper, an improved MobileNetV3-Small algorithm model is proposed for the problem of poor real-time wildfire identification based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Firstly, a wildfire dataset is constructed and subsequently expanded through image enhancement techniques. Secondly, an efficient channel attention mechanism (ECA) is utilised instead of the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module within the MobileNetV3-Small model to enhance the model’s identification speed. Lastly, a support vector machine (SVM) is employed to replace the classification layer of the MobileNetV3-Small model, with principal component analysis (PCA) applied before the SVM to reduce the dimensionality of the features, thereby enhancing the SVM’s identification efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved model achieves an accuracy of 98.75% and an average frame rate of 93. Compared to the initial model, the mean frame rate has been elevated by 7.23. The wildfire identification model designed in this paper improves the speed of identification while maintaining accuracy, thereby advancing the development and application of CNNs in the field of wildfire monitoring.
Construction of a Wi-Fi System with a Tethered Balloon in a Mountainous Region for the Teleoperation of Vehicular Forestry Machines
Authors: Kim Gyun-Hyung , Lee Hyeon-Seung , Mun Ho-Seong , Oh Jae-Heun , Shin Beom-Soo
Published: November 2024

In this study, a Wi-Fi system with a tethered balloon is proposed for the teleoperation of vehicular forestry machines. This system was developed to establish a Wi-Fi communication for stable teleoperation in a timber harvesting site. This system consisted of a helium balloon, Wi-Fi nodes, a measurement system, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antenna, and a wind speed sensor. The measurement system included a GNSS module, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a data logger, and an altitude sensor. While the helium balloon with the Wi-Fi system was 60 m in the air, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) was measured by moving a Wi-Fi receiver on the ground. Another GNSS set was also utilized to collect the latitude and longitude data from the Wi-Fi receiver as it traveled. The developed Wi-Fi system with a tethered balloon can create a Wi-Fi zone of up to 1.9 ha within an average wind speed range of 2.2 m/s. It is also capable of performing the teleoperation of vehicular forestry machines with a maximum latency of 185.7 ms.
An Effective Ensemble Approach for Preventing and Detecting Phishing Attacks in Textual Form
Authors: Salah Zaher , Abu Owida Hamza , Abu Elsoud Esraa , Alhenawi Esraa , Abuowaida Suhaila , Alshdaifat Nawaf
Published: November 2024

Phishing email assaults have been a prevalent cybercriminal tactic for many decades. Various detectors have been suggested over time that rely on textual information. However, to address the growing prevalence of phishing emails, more sophisticated techniques are required to use all aspects of emails to improve the detection capabilities of machine learning classifiers. This paper presents a novel approach to detecting phishing emails. The proposed methodology combines ensemble learning techniques with various variables, such as word frequency, the presence of specific keywords or phrases, and email length, to improve detection accuracy. We provide two approaches for the planned task; The first technique employs ensemble learning soft voting, while the second employs weighted ensemble learning. Both strategies use distinct machine learning algorithms to concurrently process the characteristics, reducing their complexity and enhancing the model’s performance. An extensive assessment and analysis are conducted, considering unique criteria designed to minimize biased and inaccurate findings. Our empirical experiments demonstrates that using ensemble learning to merge attributes in the evolution of phishing emails showcases the competitive performance of ensemble learning over other machine learning algorithms. This superiority is underscored by achieving an F1-score of 0.90 in the weighted ensemble method and 0.85 in the soft voting method, showcasing the effectiveness of this approach.
Characterization of Pulse-Containing Cakes Using Sensory Evaluation and Instrumental Analysis
Authors: Heetesonne Ine , Claus Elke , De Leyn Ingrid , Dewettinck Koen , Camerlinck Melissa , Schouteten Joachim J. , Van Bockstaele Filip
Published: November 2024

Despite the nutritional and environmental benefits of pulses, their incorporation into bakery products has been impeded by their characteristic off-flavour. This study characterizes five pulses (faba bean, chickpea, whole lentil, split pea and pinto bean) in a cake application with a 40% wheat flour substitution, alongside a control cake. Physicochemical analysis and sensory analysis using a consumer panel (n = 124) and instrumental analysis (GC E-nose) were conducted. The liking scores for the pulse-containing cakes were significantly lower compared to the control cake, but half of the participants preferred a pulse-containing cake, indicating their market potential. Both instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation identified the chickpea and faba bean cakes as most similar to the control, while the pea cake was the most divergent. This cake was described as beany and grassy by consumers, negatively affecting the overall acceptance. Consumers in the sensory study had difficulties in distinguishing between the chickpea and faba bean cakes. Similarly, based on the volatile profiles, the chickpea and faba bean cakes demonstrated the closest relationship. The alignment between sensory data and E-nose results supports the added value of instrumental techniques such as the GC E-nose in sensory research.
Classification of Variable Star Light Curves with Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Akhmetali Almat , Namazbayev Timur , Subebekova Gulnur , Zaidyn Marat , Akniyazova Aigerim , Ashimov Yeskendyr , Ussipov Nurzhan
Published: November 2024

The classification of variable stars is essential for understanding stellar evolution and dynamics. With the growing volume of light curve data from extensive surveys, there is a need for automated and accurate classification methods. Traditional methods often rely on manual feature extraction and selection, which can be time-consuming and less adaptable to large datasets. In this work, we present an approach using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify variable stars using only raw light curve data and their known periods, without the need for manual feature extraction or hand-selected data preprocessing. Our method utilizes phase-folding to organize the light curves and directly learns the variability patterns crucial for classification. Trained and tested on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) dataset, our model demonstrates an average accuracy of 88% and an F1 score of 0.89 across five well-known classes of variable stars. We also compared our classification model with the Random Forest (RF) classifier and showed that our model gives better results across all of the classification metrics. By leveraging CNN, our approach does not need manual feature extraction and can handle diverse light curve shapes and sampling cadences. This automated, data-driven method offers a powerful tool for classifying variable stars, enabling efficient processing of large datasets from current and future sky surveys.
Evaluation of Mixing Temperature in the Preparation of Plant-Based Bigels
Authors: Quilaqueo Marcela , Millao Sonia , Morales Eduardo , Rubilar Mónica , Contardo Ingrid
Published: November 2024

Understanding gel structures and behavior is a prerequisite for attaining the desired food application characteristics. The mixing temperature is crucial when incorporating thermolabile active compounds into gels. This study evaluated the effect of mixing temperature on the physical and chemical properties of a bigel system prepared using a carnauba wax/canola oil oleogel and Arabic gum hydrogels. The results showed that bigels prepared at lower temperatures (30 and 40 °C) resulted in a solid-like state under crystallization temperature, resulting in matrices with larger hydrogel droplets, softer texture, and lower adhesiveness, spreadability, and solvent binding capacity. In contrast, bigels prepared at higher temperatures (50 and 60 °C), around crystallization temperature but with no solid state, resulted in matrices with smaller hydrogel droplets and higher firmness, adhesiveness, and spreadability. These bigels had a higher apparent viscosity, especially at lower shear rates, and solid-like behavior in the linear viscosity range. During the bigel preparation process, adjusting the mixture temperature had no effect on the samples’ oxidative stability, FTIR spectra, or thermal properties. The results highlighted the importance of hydrogel droplet size on the microstructure of the formed bigels, and smaller droplets could act as effective fillers to reinforce the matrix without making chemical changes.
Marine Resources Gels as Main Ingredient for Wound Healing Biomaterials: Obtaining and Characterization
Authors: Coman Alina Elena , Marin Maria Minodora , Roșca Ana Maria , Albu Kaya Madalina Georgiana , Constantinescu Rodica Roxana , Titorencu Irina
Published: November 2024

The skin, known as the largest organ of the body, is essential for maintaining physiological balance and acts as a barrier against the external environment. When skin becomes damaged and wounds appear on the skin’s surface, a complex healing process, involving multiple types of cells and microenvironments, take place. Selecting a suitable dressing for a wound is crucial for accelerating healing, reducing treatment costs, and improving the patient’s overall health. Starting from natural resources such as perch skin (P. fluviatilis), this article aims to develop biocompatible materials for regenerative medicine from collagen in the form of gels/gelatines. The extracted gels were physical/chemical and structurally analyzed. In order to obtain collagen scaffolds for wound healing, the extracted collagen gels from perch skin were further freeze-dried. The ability of these scaffolds is essential for controlling moisture levels during wound healing; therefore, it was necessary to investigate the samples’ ability to absorb water. The assessed collagen-based scaffolds were microbiologically tested, and their biocompatibility was investigated by incubating human adult dermal fibroblasts. The outcomes reveal an innovative path for the production of biomaterials used in wound healing, starting from collagen derived from marine sources.
The Discourse Surrounding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on TikTok: A Social Media Analysis
Authors: Horvath Anna , Chaffin Kendall , Ahmad Sophie , Goel Vidhani S. , Netski Dale M. , Ahad Rooman , Batra Kavita , Lee Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Individuals are turning increasingly towards online resources, such as TikTok, to educate themselves on their medical conditions. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prominent example, as women report dissatisfaction with the diagnosis process and treatment options. This study aims to provide a content analysis of the quality of PCOS health information on TikTok. Methods: A total of 325 TikTok videos were screened. Pertinent data, including likes, comments, shares, and views, along with video content concerning symptoms, interventions, and provider interactions were analyzed. Two reviewers independently used a modified DISCERN criteria to assess the quality of information for each video. A logistic regression was also utilized to model the probability of healthcare professionals creating educational videos. Results: A total of 238 videos met the eligibility criteria for analysis. Videos had a median of 468,400 views (Q1 = 146,400, Q3 = 1,100,000) and 18,000 likes (Q1 = 5631, Q3 = 65,100). The mean modified DISCERN scores were 3.6 ± 0.9 for physicians (n = 23), 2.0 ± 1.1 for non-physician healthcare providers (n = 52), and 1.0 ± 0.2 for non-healthcare professionals (n = 141) (p < 0.001). Healthcare professionals were 10.9 times more likely to create educational videos in comparison to non-healthcare professionals (p < 0.001). Conclusions: TikTok videos related to PCOS attract considerable engagement but provide low-quality information. Most videos were made by non-healthcare professionals, who discussed treatment options with limited or no research. Healthcare providers should be aware of the impacts on patients’ preconceived notions and help to improve patient education.
Lemierre Syndrome Associated with Streptococcus constellatus and Atypical Vascular Involvement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pipitò Luca , Anastasia Antonio , Passalacqua Fabrizio , D’Agati Giulio , Di Figlia Floriana , Romanin Benedetta , Bonura Silvia , Rubino Raffaella , Inzerillo Agostino , Sarno Caterina , Cascio Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background: Lemierre syndrome is a rare and life-threatening disease. It is characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, historically associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum infection. However, atypical cases and associations with other organisms have been reported. Methods: Here, we describe a challenging case of Lemierre syndrome in a 71-year-old woman caused by Streptococcus constellatus and review the related literature. Case: The patient experienced multiple hospital admissions due to misdiagnoses and developed thrombosis involving the internal jugular vein and transverse sinus bilaterally, pulmonary complications including the formation of a pseudoaneurysm, and occipital abscess. She presented with headaches, neck pain, and blindness. Prolonged antibiotic therapy was administered, leading to gradual improvement of symptoms, with partial resolution of blindness. Prophylaxis with intramuscular penicillin was prescribed at discharge. Conclusions: Our case underscores the importance of considering Lemierre syndrome in patients who present with multiple thrombotic events affecting the intracranial circulation and/or jugular veins, particularly in those already receiving anticoagulation therapy or with no identifiable cause for thrombosis, even in the absence of sore throat or fever.
Comment on Loddé et al. Does Decreased Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide Constitute a Risk of Decompression Sickness in Occupational Divers? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6516
Authors: Pollock Neal W. , Gennser Mikael , Blogg S. Lesley , Risberg Jan
Published: November 2024

This letter addresses errors in the statistical analysis found in a paper addressing pulmonary diffusing capacity and decompression sickness. Our re-analysis could not confirm any of the significant statistical contrasts described for the bubble data, invalidating the speculation on the relationships between bubble scores and decompression sickness.
Impact of Climate Variability and Interventions on Malaria Incidence and Forecasting in Burkina Faso
Authors: Traoré Nafissatou , Millogo Ourohiré , Sié Ali , Vounatsou Penelope
Published: November 2024

Background: Malaria remains a climate-driven public health issue in Burkina Faso, yet the interactions between climatic factors and malaria interventions across different zones are not well understood. This study estimates time delays in the effects of climatic factors on malaria incidence, develops forecasting models, and assesses their short-term forecasting performance across three distinct climatic zones: the Sahelian zone (hot/arid), the Sudano-Sahelian zone (moderate temperatures/rainfall); and the Sudanian zone (cooler/wet). Methods: Monthly confirmed malaria cases of children under five during the period 2015–2021 were analyzed using Bayesian generalized autoregressive moving average negative binomial models. The predictors included land surface temperature (LST), rainfall, the coverage of insecticide-treated net (ITN) use, and the coverage of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). Bayesian variable selection was used to identify the time delays between climatic suitability and malaria incidence. Wavelet analysis was conducted to understand better how fluctuations in climatic factors across different time scales and climatic zones affect malaria transmission dynamics. Results: Malaria incidence averaged 9.92 cases per 1000 persons per month from 2015 to 2021, with peak incidences in July and October in the cooler/wet zone and October in the other zones. Periodicities at 6-month and 12-month intervals were identified in malaria incidence and LST and at 12 months for rainfall from 2015 to 2021 in all climatic zones. Varying lag times in the effects of climatic factors were identified across the zones. The highest predictive power was observed at lead times of 3 months in the cooler/wet zone, followed by 2 months in the hot/arid and moderate zones. Forecasting accuracy, measured by the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), varied across the zones: 28% in the cooler/wet zone, 53% in the moderate zone, and 45% in the hot/arid zone. ITNs were not statistically important in the hot/arid zone, while ACTs were not in the cooler/wet and moderate zones. Conclusions: The interaction between climatic factors and interventions varied across zones, with the best forecasting performance in the cooler/wet zone. Zone-specific intervention planning and model development adjustments are essential for more efficient early-warning systems.
Why Collect and Use Race/Ethnicity Data? A Qualitative Case Study on the Perspectives of Mental Health Providers and Patients During COVID-19
Authors: Clark Nancy , Quan Cindy , Elgharbawy Heba , David Anita , Li Michael E. , Mah Christopher , Murphy Jill K. , Costigan Catherine L. , Ganesan Soma , Guzder Jaswant
Published: November 2024

Context: Calls to collect patients’ race/ethnicity (RE) data as a measure to promote equitable health care among vulnerable patient groups are increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted how a public health crisis disproportionately affects racialized patient groups. However, less is known about the uptake of RE data collection in the context of mental health care services. Methodology: A qualitative case study used surveys with mental health patients (n = 47) and providers (n = 12), a retrospective chart review, and a focus group to explore healthcare providers’ and patients’ perspectives on collecting RE data in Canada. Results: The patient survey data and focus groups show that patients avoid providing identifying information due to perceived stigma and discrimination and a lack of trust. Providers did not feel comfortable asking patients about RE, leading to chart review data where RE information was not systematically collected. Conclusions: The uptake and implementation of RE data collection in mental health care contexts require increased training and support, systematic implementation, and further evaluation and measurement of how the collection of RE data will be used to mitigate systemic racism and improve mental health outcomes.
Recent Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Is Associated with Less Severe Disease in Working-Age Adults
Authors: Fischer Kailey , Langley Joanne M. , Harrison Robyn , Mubareka Samira , Nadarajah Jeya , Smieja Marek , Valiquette Louis , Cooper Curtis , Powis Jeff ,   CCS Working Group, McGeer Allison , Coleman Brenda L.
Published: November 2024

Background: Essential workers, including those working in healthcare and education, are at higher risk of exposure to communicable diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Reducing the rates of infection is important for their personal health and for the ongoing safe operation of essential services. Methods: Data from participants in two prospective cohort studies who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 through 2023 were used to determine whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the severity of symptoms in working-age adults. Results: SARS-CoV-2-positive tests (N = 3757) were reported by 3093 participants (mean: 1.2 per person); 1229 (33%) illnesses did not interfere with regular activities, 1926 (51%) made participants too unwell for regular activities, and 602 (16%) required participant bed rest. Compared with vaccine receipt more than 12 months earlier, receipt within six months of an infection was associated with lower risk ratios for more severe illness (too unwell: 0.69 and bed rest: 0.67) compared with being able to conduct regular activities. More recent vaccination was also associated with lower odds reporting of systemic symptoms (fever, myalgia, arthralgia) and fewer solicited symptoms. Conclusion: Staying current with COVID-19 vaccinations should continue to be recommended since receiving a recent immunization lessened the severity of illness. Also, as symptoms of COVID-19 are now largely similar to other respiratory viruses, practitioners need to use this evidence to inform diagnostic testing and return-to-work policies.
Effects of GBA1 Variants and Prenatal Exposition on the Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) Levels in Gaucher Disease Carriers
Authors: Szymańska-Rożek Paulina , Lipiński Patryk , Kleinotiene Grazina , Dubiela Paweł , Tylki-Szymańska Anna
Published: November 2024

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder caused by β-glucocerebrosidase (encoded by GBA1 gene) activity deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of glucosylceramide (Gb1) and its deacylated metabolite glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1). Lyso-Gb1 has been studied previously and proved to be a sensitive biomarker, distinguishing patients with GD from carriers and healthy subjects. It was shown that its level corresponds with β-glucocerebrosidase activity, thus it remains unknown as to why carriers have slightly higher lyso-Gb1 level than healthy population. This is the first report on lyso-Gb1 levels describing representative cohort of GD carriers. Our data of 48 GD carriers, including three newborns, indicated that there are significant differences in lyso-Gb1 levels between carriers having a GD-affected mother and a healthy mother (11.53 and 8.45, respectively, p = 0.00077), and between carriers of the L483P GBA1 variant and carriers of other GBA1 pathogenic variants (9.85 and 7.03, respectively, p = 0.07). Through analysing our unique data of three newborns whose mothers are patients with GD, we also found that lyso-Gb1 is most probably transferred to the foetus via placenta.
New Therapeutic Method for Alleviating Damage of Acute Kidney Injury Through BCL-2 Gene Promoter I-Motif
Authors: Ji Dongsheng , Zhang Jiahui , Liang Jihai , Wang Jing , Li Xiaoya , Huang Zhi-Shu , Li Ding
Published: November 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health problem with its pathogenesis not fully understood. Excessive apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells is an important feature of AKI patients, and therefore an anti-apoptotic approach could be used in the treatment for AKI. Up-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) gene and protein has been found to be correlated with anti-apoptosis of cells. It has been found that the presence of the C-rich sequence on the upstream region of the BCL-2 gene promoter could form DNA secondary i-motif structure, and its stabilization by small molecules could up-regulate gene transcription and translation. In the present study, we constructed AKI models through folic acid (FA) induction. With these in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that the acridone derivative A22 could up-regulate the expression of BCL-2 by targeting its gene promoter i-motif to reduce renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and improve renal function in many ways. A22 could alleviate FA-induced oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse kidneys. Our results provided a potentially new anti-apoptotic approach for the treatment of early stages of AKI. Our employed model focused on its short-term effect on AKI, while its long-term efficacy and safety, particularly regarding the regeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, require further investigation before clinical application. This study further demonstrated that promoter i-motif could be targeted for up-regulating BCL-2 expression for the treatment of important diseases caused by excessive apoptosis.
Nuclear mTORC1 Live-Cell Sensor nTORSEL Reports Differential Nuclear mTORC1 Activity in Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Yifan , Li Canrong , Ouyang Yingyi , Xie Xiaoduo
Published: November 2024

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is activated on the surface of lysosomes and phosphorylates substrates at various subcellular locations, including the lysosome, cytosol, and nucleus. However, the signaling and biological functions of nuclear mTORC1 (nmTORC1) are not well understood, primarily due to limited tools for monitoring mTORC1 activity in the nucleus. In this study, we developed a genetically encoded nmTORC1 sensor, termed nTORSEL, based on the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (4EBP1) by mTORC1 within the nucleus. nTORSEL, like its predecessor TORSEL, exhibits a fluorescent punctate pattern in the nucleus through multivalent protein–protein interactions between oligomerized 4EBP1 and eIF4E when nmTORC1 activity is low. We validated nTORSEL using biochemical analyses and imaging techniques across representative cell lines with varying levels of nmTORC1 activity. Notably, nTORSEL specifically detects physiological, pharmacological, and genetic inhibition of nmTORC1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells but not in HEK293T cells. Therefore, nTORSEL is an effective tool for investigating nuclear mTORC1 signaling in cell lines.
Integration of Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome Analysis of Class III Peroxidases in Paeonia ostii: Insight into Their Roles in Adventitious Roots, Heat Tolerance, and Petal Senescence
Authors: Li Li , He Songlin , Zhang Peidong , Li Dengpeng , Song Yinglong , Shang Wenqian , Liu Weichao , Wang Zheng
Published: November 2024

As a plant-specific gene family, class III peroxidases (PODs) play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the POD gene family has not been systematically studied in Paeonia ostii. In this study, a total of 57 PoPOD genes were identified in the P. ostii genome. Subsequently, phylogenetic analysis and chromosome mapping revealed that PoPODs were classified into six subgroups and were unevenly distributed across five chromosomes. The gene structure and conserved motifs indicated the potential for functional divergence among the different subgroups. Meanwhile, four PoPODs were identified as tandem duplicated genes, with no evidence of segmental duplication. Using RNA-seq data from eight different tissues, multiple PoPODs exhibited enhanced expression in apical and adventitious roots (ARs). Next, RNA-seq data from AR development combined with trend analysis showed that PoPOD30/34/43/46/47/57 are implicated in the formation of ARs in tree peony. Through WGCNA based on RNA-seq, two key genes, PoPOD5/15, might be involved in heat tolerance via ABA and MeJA signaling. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that PoPOD23 may play an important role in flower senescence. These findings deepened our understanding of POD-mediated AR development, heat tolerance, and petal senescence in tree peony.
Identification of Biochemical Determinants for Diagnosis and Prediction of Severity in 5q Spinal Muscular Atrophy Using 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolic Profiling in Patient-Derived Biofluids
Authors: Saffari Afshin , Niesert Moritz , Cannet Claire , Blaschek Astrid , Hahn Andreas , Johannsen Jessika , Kockaya Musa , Kölbel Heike , Hoffmann Georg F. , Claus Peter , Kölker Stefan , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Roos Andreas , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Trefz Friedrich K. , Vill Katharina , Wick Wolfgang , Weiler Markus , Okun Jürgen G. , Ziegler Andreas
Published: November 2024

This study explores the potential of 1H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling in various biofluids as a diagnostic and predictive modality to assess disease severity in individuals with 5q spinal muscular atrophy. A total of 213 biosamples (urine, plasma, and CSF) from 153 treatment-naïve patients with SMA across five German centers were analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Prediction models were developed using machine learning algorithms which enabled the patients with SMA to be grouped according to disease severity. A quantitative enrichment analysis was employed to identify metabolic pathways associated with disease progression. The results demonstrate high sensitivity (84–91%) and specificity (91–94%) in distinguishing treatment-naïve patients with SMA from controls across all biofluids. The urinary and plasma profiles differentiated between early-onset (type I) and later-onset (type II/III) SMA with over 80% accuracy. Key metabolic differences involved alterations in energy and amino acid metabolism. This study suggests that 1H-NMR spectroscopy based metabolic profiling may be a promising, non-invasive tool to identify patients with SMA and for severity stratification, potentially complementing current diagnostic and prognostic strategies in SMA management.
Triple-Gene Overexpression of the AcrA-AcrB-TolC Transporter System in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Contributes to a Higher Secretion of Free Fatty Acids in Response to Nitrogen Shortage and Salt Stress
Authors: Eungrasamee Kamonchanock , Lindblad Peter , Jantaro Saowarath
Published: November 2024

One important aspect of cyanobacterial homoeostasis is reducing the toxicity of excess free fatty acids (FFAs) generated in the cells by means of both secreting these into the medium and recycling them toward membrane lipid synthesis. In this study, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 served to implement the overexpression of native genes of the transportation system. Specifically, we worked with the Sll0180-Slr2131-Slr1270 homologs of Escherichia coli AcrA-AcrB-TolC, respectively, to create single- and triple-overexpressing strains of OA, OB, OC, and OABC. Remarkably, the OABC strain that triply overexpressed the sll0180_slr2131_slr1270 genes acquired a significant amount of intracellular lipids, up to 23.5% of dry cell weight, under the normal condition. Nitrogen-deficient stress undoubtedly raised extracellular FFAs and intracellular lipids in overexpressing strains, especially in the OABC strain, which exhibited 33.9% and 41.5% of dry cell weight, respectively. During the first 5 days of treatment, salt stress at 256 mM significantly increased the FFA efflux, notably for the OB strain, but had no effect on intracellular lipids. It is noteworthy that the OA and OABC strains outperformed all other strains in terms of growth throughout the 16 days of nitrogen shortage. Furthermore, in comparison to the wild-type control, all the overexpressing strains exhibited a considerable increase in carotenoid accumulation. Thus, our results point to the effective role of the sll0180_slr2131_slr1270 transportation system in facilitating FFA secretion, especially in response to environmental stressors.
Photorespiratory Metabolism and Its Regulatory Links to Plant Defence Against Pathogens
Authors: Ciereszko Iwona , Kuźniak Elżbieta
Published: November 2024

When plants face biotic stress, the induction of defence responses imposes a massive demand for carbon and energy resources, which could decrease the reserves allocated towards growth. These growth–defence trade-offs have important implications for plant fitness and productivity and influence the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions. Biotic stress strongly affects plant cells’ primary metabolism, including photosynthesis and respiration, the main source of energy and carbon skeletons for plant growth, development, and defence. Although the nature of photosynthetic limitations imposed by pathogens is variable, infection often increases photorespiratory pressure, generating conditions that promote ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenation, leading to a metabolic shift from assimilation to photorespiration. Photorespiration, the significant metabolic flux following photosynthesis, protects the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition. However, recent studies reveal that its role is far beyond photoprotection. The intermediates of the photorespiratory cycle regulate photosynthesis, and photorespiration interacts with the metabolic pathways of nitrogen and sulphur, shaping the primary metabolism for stress responses. This work aims to present recent insights into the integration of photorespiration within the network of primary metabolism under biotic stress. It also explores the potential implications of regulating photosynthetic–photorespiratory metabolism for plant defence against bacterial and fungal pathogens.
Assembly, Annotation, and Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Trichoderma
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Wang Zhiyin , Yang Fanxing , Lin Runmao , Liu Tong
Published: November 2024

Trichoderma is a widely studied ascomycete fungal genus, including more than 400 species. However, genetic information on Trichoderma is limited, with most species reporting only DNA barcodes. Mitochondria possess their own distinct DNA that plays a pivotal role in molecular function and evolution. Here, we report 42 novel mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) combined with 18 published mitogenomes of Trichoderma. These circular mitogenomes exhibit sizes of 26,276–94,608 bp, typically comprising 15 core protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNAs, and 16–30 tRNAs; however, the number of endonucleases and hypothetical proteins encoded in the introns of PCGs increases with genome size enlargement. According to the result of phylogenetic analysis of the whole mitogenome, these strains diverged into six distinct evolutionary branches, supported by the phylogeny based on 2830 single-copy nuclear genes. Comparative analysis revealed that dynamic Trichoderma mitogenomes exhibited variations in genome size, gene number, GC content, tRNA copy, and intron across different branches. We identified three mutation hotspots near the regions encoding nad3, cox2, and nad5 that caused major changes in the mitogenomes. Evolutionary analysis revealed that atp9, cob, nad4L, nad5, and rps3 have been influenced by positive selection during evolution. This study provides a valuable resource for exploring the important roles of the genetic and evolutionary dynamics of Trichoderma mitogenome in the adaptive evolution of biocontrol fungi.
SOCS1 Inhibits IL-6-Induced CD155 Overexpression in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Marroquin-Muciño Mario , Benito-Lopez Jesus J. , Perez-Medina Mario , Aguilar-Cazares Dolores , Galicia-Velasco Miriam , Chavez-Dominguez Rodolfo , Meza-Toledo Sergio E. , Meneses-Flores Manuel , Camarena Angel , Lopez-Gonzalez Jose S.
Published: November 2024

CD155, also known as the poliovirus receptor (PVR), is a crucial molecule in the development and progression of cancer, as its overexpression favors immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate its overexpression. Proinflammatory factors produced by various cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been associated with CD155 expression. We analyzed the effect of interleukin (IL)-6 on CD155 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. We found a positive relationship between mRNA and protein levels. This correlation was also observed in bioinformatics analysis and in biopsies and serum from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, lung adenocarcinoma cell lines expressing suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) did not show increased CD155 levels upon IL-6 stimulation, and SOCS1 silencing reverted this effect. IL-6 and SOCS1 are critical regulators of CD155 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to define the role of these molecules during tumor development and to improve their clinical impact as biomarkers and targets for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapies. This study deepens the understanding of the intricate regulation of the immune checkpoints mediated by soluble factors and allows us to devise new ways to combine conventional treatments with the most innovative anticancer options.
Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Choi Bo Youn , Ye Young-Min
Published: November 2024

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a debilitating condition characterized by mast cell activation. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is produced by various immune cells, including mast cells, basophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, which play crucial roles in CSU pathogenesis. It induces mast cell degranulation, increases vascular permeability, and promotes the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. These effects result in the release of inflammatory mediators, the development of edema, and the persistence of inflammation, which are key features of CSU. Notably, elevated PAF levels have been linked to heightened disease activity and resistance to antihistamine treatment in CSU patients. Despite these findings, the precise role of PAF in CSU pathogenesis remains unclear. Rupatadine, an antihistamine, and heat shock protein 10, a natural anti-inflammatory peptide that selectively inhibits PAF-induced mast cell degranulation, have demonstrated anti-PAF activity. Furthermore, with the molecular structure of the PAF receptor now identified, several experimental PAF receptor antagonists have been synthesized. However, there remains a significant need for the development of therapeutic options targeting PAF in CSU management.
The Emerging Role of IGF2BP2 in Cancer Therapy Resistance: From Molecular Mechanism to Future Potential
Authors: Li Die , Hu Shiqi , Ye Jiarong , Zhai Chaojie , Liu Jipeng , Wang Zuao , Zhou Xinchi , Chen Leifeng , Zhou Fan
Published: November 2024

Tumor resistance is one of the primary reasons for cancer treatment failure, significantly limiting the options and efficacy of cancer therapies. Therefore, overcoming resistance has become a critical factor in improving cancer treatment outcomes. IGF2BP2, as a reader of m6A methylation, plays a pivotal role in the post-transcriptional regulation of RNA through the methylation of m6A sites. It not only contributes to cancer initiation and progression but also plays a key role in tumor drug resistance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which IGF2BP2 contributes to therapy resistance, with the aim of improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Advancing research in this area is crucial for developing more effective therapies that could significantly improve the quality of life for cancer patients.
Family Identification and Functional Study of Copper Transporter Genes in Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Guo Lifeng , Li Tonglou , Zhang Baosheng , Yan Kexing , Meng Junlong , Chang Mingchang , Hou Ludan
Published: November 2024

The copper transport (COPT/Ctr) family plays an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis in organisms, and many species rely on Ctrs to achieve transmembrane transport via copper (Cu) uptake. At present, the Ctr family is widely studied in plants. However, there are few reports on the use of Ctrs in edible mushrooms. In this study, the Pleurotus ostreatus CCMSSC00389 strain was used as the research object, and the addition of exogenous copper ions (Cu2+) increased the temperature tolerance of mycelia, maintained the integrity of cell membranes, and increased mycelial density. In addition, four PoCtr genes were further identified and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Further research revealed that there were differences in the expression patterns of the PoCtr genes under different temperature stresses. In addition, the biological function of PoCtr4 was further explored by constructing transformed strains. The results showed that OE-PoCtr4 enhanced the tolerance of mycelia to heat stress and H2O2. After applying heat stress (40 °C), OE-PoCtr4 promoted the recovery of mycelia. Under mild stress (32 °C), OE-PoCtr4 promoted mycelial growth, maintained cell membrane integrity, and reduced the degree of cell membrane damage caused by heat stress. It is speculated that OE-PoCtr4 may maintain the integrity of the cell membrane and enhance the heat resistance of mycelia by regulating the homeostasis of Cu2+.
Pilot Evaluation of Field Pea Accessions Under Water Deficit Conditions
Authors: Vinarao Grace B. , Ghimire Krishna , Harris Donna K.
Published: November 2024

Field pea, a key pulse crop for sustainable agriculture, faces significant production challenges due to drought, exacerbated by extreme climatic changes. This study evaluated 17 field pea plant introductions (PIs) and two commercial varieties under greenhouse conditions to assess their performance, determine the relationships between agronomic traits and grain yield (GY), and identify genotypes with stable yields under drought stress. Two water treatments were applied: 100% field capacity for well-watered (WW) and 60% field capacity for water deficit (WD) conditions, with drought stress imposed 21 days after planting. Significant genotypic variation was observed under both conditions. Water deficit significantly reduced GY, the number of pods per plant (NPP), plant height (PH), aboveground dry vegetative biomass (ADVB), and days to maturity (DTM) while increasing stomatal density on both adaxial (SD.ADX) and abaxial leaf surfaces (SD.ABX). Traits associated with GY in WW, such as NPP, PH, ADVB, and SD.ADX, showed stronger correlations under WD, with DTM being significantly associated with GY only in WD. Top-performing genotypes in both conditions exhibited higher pod numbers, increased aboveground dry vegetative biomass, late maturity, and lower adaxial stomatal density. Notably, PI 272215 was identified as a top performer under both conditions, with an 88% yield stability index. PI 180702 demonstrated comparable performance to PI 272215 but with no yield loss under the same conditions. These findings can be used for future field pea breeding programs aimed at developing drought-tolerant field pea varieties.