bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential Role for Survivin in Early Brain Development
Authors: Jiang Yuying , de Bruin Alain , Caldas Hugo , Fangusaro Jason , Hayes John , Conway Edward M. , Robinson Michael L. , Altura Rachel A.
Published: July 2005

Apoptosis is an essential process during normal neuronal development. Approximately one-half of the neurons produced during neurogenesis die before completion of CNS maturation. To characterize the role of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene,survivin, during neurogenesis, we used the Cre-loxP-system to generate mice lackingsurvivinin neuronal precursor cells. Conditional deletion ofsurvivinstarting at embryonic day 10.5 leads to massive apoptosis of neuronal precursor cells in the CNS. Conditional mutants were born at the expected Mendelian ratios; however, these died shortly after birth from respiratory insufficiency, without primary cardiopulmonary pathology. Newborn conditional mutants showed a marked reduction in the size of the brain associated with severe, mutifocal apoptosis in the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and retina. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in the mutant brains were significantly elevated, whereas bax expression was unchanged from controls. These results show that survivin is critically required for the survival of developing CNS neurons, and may impact on our understanding of neural repair, neural development, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our study is the first to solidify a role for survivin as an antiapoptotic protein during normal neuronal developmentin vivo.
Disruption of the Paternal Necdin Gene Diminishes TrkA Signaling for Sensory Neuron Survival
Authors: Kuwako Ken-ichiro , Hosokawa Akari , Nishimura Isao , Uetsuki Taichi , Yamada Masashi , Nada Shigeyuki , Okada Masato , Yoshikawa Kazuaki
Published: July 2005

Necdin is a multifunctional signaling protein that stabilizes terminal differentiation of postmitotic neurons. The human necdin gene in chromosome 15q11-q12 is maternally imprinted, paternally transcribed, and not expressed in Prader-Willi syndrome, a human genomic imprinting-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Although necdin-deficient mice display several abnormal phenotypes reminiscent of this syndrome, little is known about molecular mechanisms that lead to the neurodevelopmental defects. Here, we demonstrate that paternally expressed necdin is required for physiological development of nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent sensory neurons. Mouse embryos defective in the paternal necdin allele displayed absent necdin expression in the dorsal root ganglia, in which the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) receptor tyrosine kinase and the p75 neurotrophin receptor were expressed in a normal manner. Necdin interacted with both TrkA and p75 to facilitate the association between these receptors. NGF-induced phosphorylation of TrkA and mitogen-activated protein kinase was significantly diminished in the necdin-null sensory ganglia. Furthermore, the mice lacking the paternal necdin allele displayed augmented apoptosis in the sensory gangliain vivoand had a reduced population of substance P-containing neurons. These mutant mice showed significantly high tolerance to thermal pain, which is often seen in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome. These results suggest that paternally expressed necdin facilitates TrkA signaling to promote the survival of NGF-dependent nociceptive neurons.
A Mechanism for Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Clustering at Synaptic and Nonsynaptic Sites Based on Self-Association
Authors: Hudmon Andy , LeBel Eric , Roy Hugo , Sik Attila , Schulman Howard , Waxham M. Neal , De Koninck Paul
Published: July 2005

The activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays an integral role in regulating synaptic development and plasticity. We designed a live-cell-imaging approach to monitor an activity-dependent clustering of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-CaMKII holoenzymes, termed self-association, a process that we hypothesize contributes to the translocation of CaMKII to synaptic and nonsynaptic sites in activated neurons. We show that GFP-CaMKII self-association in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells requires a catalytic domain and multimeric structure, requires Ca2+stimulation and a functional Ca2+/CaM-binding domain, is regulated by cellular pH and Thr286 autophosphorylation, and has variable rates of dissociation depending on Ca2+levels. Furthermore, we show that the same rules that govern CaMKII self-association in HEK293 cells apply for extrasynaptic and postsynaptic translocation of GFP-CaMKII in hippocampal neurons. Our data support a novel mechanism for targeting CaMKII to postsynaptic sites after neuronal activation. As such, CaMKII may form a scaffold that, in combination with other synaptic proteins, recruits and localizes additional proteins to the postsynaptic density. We discuss the potential function of CaMKII self-association as a tag of synaptic activity.
Migration of Perilesional Microglia after Focal Brain Injury and Modulation by CC Chemokine Receptor 5: AnIn SituTime-Lapse Confocal Imaging Study
Authors: Carbonell W. Shawn , Murase Shin-Ichi , Horwitz Alan F. , Mandell James W.
Published: July 2005

Microglia rapidly become reactive in response to diverse stimuli and are thought to be prominent participants in the pathophysiology of both acute injury and chronic neurological diseases. However, mature microglial reactions to a focal lesion have not been characterized dynamically in adult vertebrate tissue. Here, we present a detailed analysis of long-distance perilesional microglial migration using time-lapse confocal microscopy in acutely isolated living slices from adult brain-injured mice. Extensive migration of perilesional microglia was apparent by 24 h after injury and peaked at 3 d. Average instantaneous migration speeds of ∼5 μm/min and peak speeds >10 μm/min were observed. Collective, directed migration toward the lesion edge was not observed as might be expected in the presence of chemoattractive gradients. Rather, migration was autonomous and could be modeled as a random walk. Pharmacological blockade of the cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 reduced migration velocity and the number of perilesional migratory microglia without affecting directional persistence, suggesting a novel role for chemokines in modulation of discrete migratory parameters. Finally, activated microglia in the denervated hippocampal stratum oriens did not migrate extensively, whereas human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-activated microglia migrated nearly twice as fast as those at the stab lesion, indicating a nonuniform microglial response to different stimuli. Understanding the characteristics and specific molecular mechanisms underlying microglial migration after neural injury could reveal novel targets for therapeutic strategies for modulating neuroinflammation in human diseases.
Leukaemia inhibitory factor in implantation and uterine biology
Authors: Kimber Susan J
Published: July 2005

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is one of the most important cytokines in the reproductive tract. Without expression of LIF in the uterus, implantation of a blastocyst cannot begin. Yet, 13 years after publication of the phenotype of the LIF knockout mouse we are only just beginning to understand how LIF functions in the uterus. This review addresses our knowledge of the role of LIF in regulating implantation through its influence on the luminal epithelium and stromal decidualization, but also its influence on reproductive tract cells such as leukocytes and glandular epithelium, during the pre-implantation phase of pregnancy.
In vivo meiotic resumption, fertilization and early embryonic development in the bitch
Authors: Reynaud K , Fontbonne A , Marseloo N , Thoumire S , Chebrout M , de Lesegno C Viaris , Chastant-Maillard S
Published: July 2005

Early development in canine species follows a very specific pattern. Oocytes are ovulated at the germinal vesicle stage and meiotic resumption occurs in the oviduct. However, because of difficulties in the accurate determination of ovulation time and in the observation of oocyte nuclear stage by light microscopy, these early events have not been fully described. Moreover, the oocyte stage at which sperm penetration occurs is still uncertain since fertilization of immature oocytes has been reportedin vivoandin vitro. The aim of this study was to establish the exact timing ofin vivomeiotic resumption, fertilization and early embryo development in the bitch with reference to ovulation. Ovulation was first determined by ultrasonography, artificial inseminations were performed daily and oocytes/embryos were collected between 17 and 138 h after ovulation. After fixation and DNA/tubulin staining, the nuclear stage was observed by confocal microscopy. Of the 195 oocytes/embryos collected from 50 bitches, the germinal vesicle stage was the only one present until 44 h post-ovulation, and the first metaphase II stage was observed for the first time at 54 h. Sperm penetration of immature oocytes appeared to be exceptional (three out of 112 immature oocytes). In most cases, fertilization occurred from 90 h post-ovulation in metaphase II oocytes. Embryonic development was observed up to the eight-cell stage. No significant influence of bitch breed and age on ovulation rate, maturation and developmental kinetics was observed. However, some heterogeneity in the maturation/development process was observed within the cohort of oocytes/embryos collected from one bitch. In conclusion, the most peculiar aspect of the canine species remains oocyte meiotic maturation whereas fertilization follows the same pattern as in other mammals.
In vitro follicular development of cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue
Authors: Segino Miwa , Ikeda Mario , Hirahara Fumiki , Sato Kahei
Published: July 2005

In a previous report, we showed that follicles isolated from frozen/thawed mouse ovarian tissues reached the mature follicle stage on the 12th day of culture. However, the developmental ability was lower than that of fresh ovarian tissue. The purpose of this study was to define a culture system with some technical modification for preantral follicles isolated from frozen/thawed ovarian tissue and to confirm cell injury. Ovaries obtained from three-week-old female mice were cryopreserved by the rapid freezing method. Preantral follicles isolated from frozen/thawed ovarian tissues were cultured for 12–16 days. The follicles were then stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin. In vitro fertilization was performed on the released cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). Preantral follicle viability was assessed by supravital staining using Hoechst 33258. Using this stain cell death was found in part of the granulosa cells of a follicle obtained from frozen/thawed ovarian tissue. On the 14th and 16th days of culture, the diameters of follicles isolated from frozen/thawed ovaries were larger than on the 12th day of culture. The released COCs were fertilized and developed to the blastocyst stage in 15.8% (12/76) of the oocytes taken from the fresh group, and in 0% (0/73), 2.9% (2/69) and 19.1% (22/115) of the oocytes taken from the frozen/thawed group that had been cultured for 12, 14 and 16 days respectively. The preantral follicles isolated from frozen/thawed mouse ovarian tissues developed slowly compared with the freshly prepared preantral follicles. During prolonged culture from 12 to 16 days, these follicles obtained the potential to fertilize and develop to the blastocyst stage.
Expression and possible involvement of calpain isoforms in mammalian egg activation
Authors: Ben-Aharon Irit , Haim Karin , Shalgi Ruth , Ben-Yosef Dalit
Published: July 2005

At fertilization in mammals, the spermatozoon triggers a unique signal transduction mechanism within the egg, leading to its activation. It is well accepted that the earliest event observed in all activated eggs is an abrupt rise in intracellular calcium concentrations. However, little is known regarding the downstream proteins that are activated by this rise in calcium. Calpains constitute a family of intracellular calcium-dependent cysteine proteases whose members are expressed widely in a variety of cells. We investigated the expression and possible role of the calpain isoforms μ and m throughout egg activation. Both calpains were expressed in the rat egg and localized at the egg cortex as well as in the meiotic spindle. m Calpain translocated to the membrane and to the spindle area during parthenogenetic egg activation and duringin vivofertilization, upon sperm binding to the egg. The cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin (fodrin) was proteolysed by calpain during the egg-activation process, as demonstrated by specific calpain-breakdown products. Following parthenogenetic activation by ionomycin or puromycin, the calpain-selective permeable inhibitor, calpeptin, inhibited the resumption of meiosis and cortical reaction in a dosedependent manner. Calpeptin was also effective in inhibitingin vitrofertilization. These results may imply a correlation between calpain activation and mammalian egg activation at fertilization and a possible role for calpain in the cascade of cellular events leading to resumption of meiosis.
Inhibition of bovine sperm–zona binding by bovine herpesvirus-1
Authors: Tanghe S , Vanroose G , Van Soom A , Duchateau L , Ysebaert M T , Kerkhofs P , Thiry E , van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S , Van Oostveldt P , Nauwynck H
Published: July 2005

The purpose of the present study was to identify a potential interference of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) with sperm–oocyte interactions during bovinein vitrofertilization. An inhibition of almost 70% of sperm–zona binding was observed when bovine cumulus-denuded oocytes were inseminated in the presence of 10750% tissue culture infective dose/ml BoHV-1. The inhibitory effect of BoHV-1 on sperm–zona binding was mediated by an interaction of the virus with spermatozoa, but not with oocytes. Treatment of spermatozoa with BoHV-1, however, did not affect sperm motility and acrosomal status. Antiserum against BoHV-1 prevented the virus-induced inhibition of sperm–zona binding, indicating that BoHV-1 itself affects the fertilization process. In order to investigate which BoHV-1 glycoprotein(s) are responsible for the virus–sperm interaction, BoHV-1 was treated with monoclonal antibodies against the viral glycoproteins gB, gC, gD and gH prior to insemination. Anti-gC completely prevented the inhibitory effect of BoHV-1 on sperm–zona binding, while anti-gD caused a reduction of this inhibition. Further evidence for the involvement of gC and gD in the virus–sperm interaction was provided by the fact that purified gC and gD decreased sperm–zona binding in a dose-dependent way with gC being more effective than gD. These results indicated that BoHV-1 inhibits bovine sperm–zona binding by interacting with spermatozoa. The binding of BoHV-1 to a spermatozoon is mediated by the viral glycoproteins gC and gD, and therefore seems to be comparable with the mechanisms of BoHV-1 attachment to its natural host cell.
Galectin-15 in ovine uteroplacental tissues
Authors: Gray C Allison , Dunlap Kathrin A , Burghardt Robert C , Spencer Thomas E
Published: July 2005

Galectin-15 is the newest member of a secreted β-galactoside-binding lectin family. The galectin-15 gene is expressed specifically by the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) and superficial ductal glandular epithelium (sGE) of the ovine uterus. The proposed extracellular role of secreted galec7tin-15 is to regulate implantation and placentation by functioning as a heterophilic cell adhesion molecule between the conceptus trophectoderm and endometrial LE, while that of intracellular galectin-15 is to regulate cell survival, differentiation and function. The present study determined galectin-15 expression in uteroplacental tissues during gestation and in the postpartum uterus. In the uterine lumen, secreted galectin-15 was found as multimers, particularly on days 14 and 16 of pregnancy. In the endometrial epithelium and conceptus trophectoderm, intracellular galectin-15 protein was found associated with crystalline structures. Between days 20 and 120 of pregnancy, galectin-15 mRNA was expressed specifically by the LE and sGE of the intercaruncular endometrium of ewes. Immunoreactive galectin-15 protein was most abundant in the trophectoderm with lower levels in the endometrial LE and sGE. Galectin-15 protein was detected in allantoic fluid, but not in amniotic fluid. After parturition, galectin-15 mRNA declined in the endometrium from postpartum day (PPD) 1 to 28 and exhibited a variegated expression pattern in the LE and sGE. These results indicate that galectin-15 is synthesized and secreted throughout gestation by the endometrial LE/sGE and is absorbed by the placenta and forms crystals within the trophectoderm, whereas the remainder is cleared into the allantois after being transported into the fetal circulation via the placental areolae. Based on the biological properties of other galectin family members, galectin-15 is hypothesized to have biological roles in conceptus–endometrial interactions, uterine immune and inflammatory responses, and placental morphogenesis and function.
15-Lipoxygenase is a component of the mammalian sperm cytoplasmic droplet
Authors: Fischer K A , Van Leyen K , Lovercamp K W , Manandhar G , Sutovsky M , Feng D , Safranski T , Sutovsky P
Published: July 2005

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of enzymes capable of peroxidizing phospholipids. A member of the LOX family of enzymes, 15-LOX, participates in the degradation of mitochondria and other organelles within differentiating red blood cells, the reticulocytes. The present study provides biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of 15-LOX in the sperm cytoplasmic droplet (CD). Testicular, epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa were evaluated for the presence of 15-LOX using an affinity-purified immune serum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of rabbit reticulocyte 15-LOX. Western blotting revealed an appropriate single band of ~81 kDa in boar spermatozoa but not in boar seminal plasma. When ejaculated boar spermatozoa were subjected to separation on a 45/90% Percoll gradient, 15-LOX co-migrated with the immotile sperm and cellular debris/CD fractions, but not with the motile sperm fraction containing morphologically normal spermatozoa without CDs. Varied levels of 15-LOX were expressed in ejaculated sperm samples from boars with varied semen quality. By immunofluorescence, prominent 15-LOX immunoreactivity was found within the residual body in the testis and within the CDs from caput, corpus and cauda epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Components of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, which is thought to facilitate both spermiogenesis and reticulocyte organelle degradation, were also detected in the sperm CD. These included ubiquitin, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase PGP 9.5, and various 20S proteasomal core subunits of the α- and β-type. The 15-LOX and various components of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway were also detected in sperm CDs of other mammalian species, including the human, mouse, stallion and wild babirusa boar. We conclude that 15-LOX is prominently present in the mammalian sperm CD and thus may contribute to spermiogenesis, CD function or CD removal.
Effects of long-term in vitro exposure to phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitors on follicle and oocyte development
Authors: Nogueira D , Cortvrindt R , Everaerdt B , Smitz J
Published: July 2005

Germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes retrieved from antral follicles undergo nuclear maturation in vitro, which typically occurs prior to cytoplasmic maturation. Short-term culture with meiotic inhibitors has been applied to arrest oocytes at the GV stage aiming to synchronize nuclear and ooplasmic maturity. However, the results obtained are still far from the in vivo situation. In order to acquire competence, immature oocytes may require meiotic arrest in vitro for a more extended period. The phosphodiesterase type 3-inhibitor (PDE3-I) is a potent meiotic arrester. The effects of a prolonged culture with PDE3-I on oocyte quality prior to and after reversal from the inhibition are not known. This study tested the impact of long-term in vitro exposure of two PDE3-Is, org9935 and cilostamide, on oocytes using a mouse follicle culture model. The results showed that PDE3-I (maximum of 10 μM) during a 12-day culture of follicle-enclosed oocytes did not alter somatic cell proliferation, differentiation or follicle survival. In addition, the steroid production profile was not significantly modified by a 12-day exposure to PDE3-I. The recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin/recombinant human epidermal growth factor stimulus induced a characteristic normal progesterone peak of luteinization and normal mucification of the cumulus cells, while the enclosed oocyte remained blocked at the GV stage. In vitro maturation of denuded or cumulus-enclosed oocytes derived from org9935- or cilostamide-exposed follicles progressed through meiosis and formed morphologically normal meiotic spindles with chromosomes properly aligned at the equator. In conclusion, long-term culture with PDE3-I was harmless to somatic cell function, differentiation, oocyte growth and maturation. Our results suggested that PDE3-I can be applied when extended oocyte culture is required to improve ooplasmic maturation.
A Method to Produce Porous Platinum Film
Authors: Wrzyszcz Józef , Grabowska Hanna , Zawadzki Miroslaw , Kepinski Leszek , Krajczyk Ludwina
Published: July 2005

A simple low cost hydrothermal method is described for producing thin films of porous platinum. The films are formed from [Pt(NH3)4]Cl2 and comprise platinum agglomerates ∼ 200–300 nm in size with internal grains of ∼ 20–60 nm.
A pilot proteomic study of amyloid precursor interactors in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cottrell Barbara A. , Galvan Veronica , Banwait Surita , Gorostiza Olivia , Lombardo Christian R. , Williams Tristan , Schilling Birgit , Peel Alyson , Gibson Bradford , Koo Edward H. , Link Christopher D. , Bredesen Dale E.
Published: July 2005

Several approaches have been used in an effort to identify proteins that interact with β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP). However, few studies have addressed the identification of proteins associated with APP in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease. We report the results of a pilot proteomic study performed on complexes immunoprecipitated with APP in brain samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease and normal control subjects. The 21 proteins identified could be grouped into five functional classes: molecular chaperones, cytoskeletal and structural proteins, proteins involved in trafficking, adaptors, and enzymes. Among the proteins identified, six had been reported previously as direct, indirect, or genetically inferred APP interactors. The other 15 proteins immunoprecipitated with APP were novel potential partners. We confirmed the APP interaction by Western blotting and coimmunolocalization in brain tissues, for 5 of the 21 interactors. In agreement with previous studies, our results are compatible with an involvement of APP in axonal transport and vesicular trafficking, and with a potential association of APP with cellular protein folding/protein degradation systems. Ann Neurol 2005;58:277–289
Crystallization behavior and viscoelasticity of bamboo‐fiber composites
Authors: Kori Yasuyuki , Kitagawa Kazuo , Hamada Hiroyuki
Published: July 2005

This article deals with the effect of the kneading temperature on the crystallization of a matrix polymer and the viscoelasticity of a bamboo‐fiber‐reinforced biodegradable polymer composite. Upon the investigation of poly(butylene succinate) after melt mixing, spherulite generation was observed with polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. An increase in the spherulite dimensions was observed at high kneading temperatures (>150°C) in both the neat polymer and the bamboo‐fiber composite. Spherulite growth was initiated from the bulk matrix polymer and not from the surface of the bamboo fibers. The kneading temperature influenced the melt viscoelasticity above the melting point of poly(butylene succinate) but did not influence the viscoelasticity below the melting point. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 603–612, 2005
Synthesis and characterization of water‐borne crosslinked silylated polyurethane dispersions
Authors: Subramani S. , Lee J. M. , Cheong I. W. , Kim J. H.
Published: July 2005

A series of water‐based polyurethane dispersions were synthesized by the polyaddition of isophorone diisocyanate, poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol, and dimethylol propionic acid as prepolymers, which were end‐capped and crosslinked with 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) to produce silylated polyurethane dispersions (SPUDs). The dispersion was performed before the end‐capping reaction to avoid gelation. Pure and tetraethylene pentamine chain‐extended polyurethanes were also synthesized. The length of the soft segment and the ratio of NCO to OH were varied. The properties of these prepolymer dispersions were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, tensile and surface contact‐angle measurements, nanoindentation testing, gel content, water and xylene swellability, and storage stability. An increase in the modulus and hardness and a decrease in the tensile properties of SPUDs were noticed in comparison with a pure polyurethane dispersion. This may have been due to the smaller number of hydrogen bonds and the brittleness of the film by the formation of crosslinked siloxane networks through the hydrolysis–condensation reaction of methoxysilane groups of silylated polyurethane, and it was also confirmed by the reactions of APTMS end capping and crosslinking. The gel content of SPUDs increased with the NCO/OH ratio, and all the prepared samples were amorphous in nature. The thermal stability of SPUDs was higher than that of pure and amine‐chain‐extended polyurethane dispersions. A decrease in the water and solvent swelling and an increase in the water contact angle confirmed the effective crosslinking of the silanol groups of the silylated polyurethane. Storage‐stability results showed that all the prepared dispersions were stable for more than 3 months. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 620–631, 2005
Ethical consumers in search of markets
Authors: Wheale Peter , Hinton David
Published: August 2005

Research in ethical consumerism has concentrated on attempts to either categorize ethical consumers or to uncover their decision‐making processes, but to‐date there have been few investigations into the key ethical drivers behind the decision‐making process. This study attempts to identify these ethical drivers within their particular product groups by means of a survey of self‐proclaimed ethical consumers distributed via a questionnaire placed in the Ethical Consumer Magazine. The findings indicate that environmental issues are ranked above human rights and animal rights/welfare issues and that the ethical consumer considers the product groups to have differential importance ranging from the food products goods group, being the most strongly associated with ethical issues, to the ‘brown goods’ group (electric goods such as stereos and TVs), which proved to be least associated with these issues. An examination of the ethical drivers within each group suggests that ethical consumers consider each product group on the basis of its bundle of ethical attributes, with differing levels of importance placed on each ethical issue within the purchase decision. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Effects of Physical Property Differences on Blending
Authors: Jones P. N. , Ozcan‐Taskin G. N.
Published: August 2005

Within this study, the effects of viscosity differences between added and bulk liquids on mixing times were investigated. This was carried out in stirred tanks of diameterT = 0.31, 0.61, 1.83 m to study the effect of scale. Different impeller types (hydrofoils, disc turbines, and pitched blade turbines) and sizes (D = T/2 andT/3) were employed. Operating conditions for which mixing time correlations for similar property liquids could be used were identified at scales relevant to industrial applications. Recommendations are made for improving blending under operating conditions where these correlations are not applicable as the mixing times are too long.
Crystal Structure and Lattice Dynamics of Superionic Copper Selenide Cu2‐δSe.
Authors: Danilkin S. A. , Skomorokhov A. N. , Hoser A. , Fuess H. , Rajevac V. , Bickulova N. N.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non‐Stoichiometric Monoclinic Cr5Se8 Prepared at High‐Pressure and High‐Temperature and the Crystal Structure Refined from Rietveld Data.
Authors: Huppertz H. , Luehmann H. , Bensch W.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of Eu2PdSi3.
Authors: Rodewald U. Ch. , Hoffmann R.‐D. , Poettgen R. , Sampathkumaran E. V.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation, Structure and Magnetic Properties of SmCo9.8V2.2.
Authors: Liu W. F. , Rao G. H. , Yang H. F. , Ouyang Z. W. , Liu G. Y. , Feng X. M. , Liang J. K.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetic Study and Determination of the Enthalpies of Activation of the Dehydrogenation of Titanium‐ and Zirconium‐Doped NaAlH4 and Na3AlH6.
Authors: Kiyobayashi Tetsu , Srinivasan Sesha S. , Sun Dalin , Jensen Craig M.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen‐Induced Phase Decomposition of Ba7Al13 and the Crystal Structure of Ba2AlH7.
Authors: Zhang Q. A. , Nakamura Y. , Oikawa K. , Kamiyama T. , Akiba E.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure, Moessbauer Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Properties of a New Potassium Iron Oxyphosphate K11Fe15(PO4)18O Related to the Langbeinite‐Like Compounds.
Authors: Lajmi B. , Hidouri M. , Wattiaux A. , Fournes L. , Darriet J. , Ben Amara M.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
La2CuS4: A Lanthanum Copper Sulfide with Discrete Anion Triples [S3Cu×××S—S×××CuS 3]12‐ Based on La4[Cu2S6(S2)].
Authors: Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Alternative of the Meinwald Rearrangement.
Authors: Karame Iyad , Tommasino M. Lorraine , Lemaire Marc
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of α,α‐Bis(substitutedbenzylidene)cycloalkanones by a Grinding Method.
Authors: Wang Shu‐Xiang , Li Ji‐Tai , Geng Li‐Jun
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Cyclohexyl Sulfonates, β‐Sultams and γ‐Sultones.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Wallert Stefan , Runsink Jan
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
PtCl4‐Catalyzed Cycloreorganization of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐Enynes.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Bang Su Youn , Rhim Chul Yun
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of New Chiral Building Blocks via Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Iwamoto Mitsuhiro , Kawada Hatsuo , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Nakada Masahisa
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Elemental Iodine‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkynylsilanes with Acid Chlorides: A Facile Synthesis of α,β‐Acetylenic Ketones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Reddy M. Sridhar
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Bis‐enediynes as Tunable Fluorophores.
Authors: Hwang Gil Tae , Son Hyung Su , Ku Ja Kang , Kim Byeang Hyean
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds and Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Ohe Toshiyuki , Ohse Takuya , Mori Kenji , Ohtaka Seiji , Uemura Sakae
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of the Porphyrin Mineral Abelsonite and Related Petroporphyrins with Five‐Membered Exocyclic Rings.
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lash Timothy D.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Copper‐Mediated Regioselective Allylation and Propargylation of 2‐(Alkylthio)oxazoles.
Authors: Marino Joseph P. , Nguyen Hanh Nho
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Transformations of Tetrazolylacroleins.
Authors: Nagy Ildiko , Konya Denes , Riedl Zsuzsanna , Kotschy Andras , Timari Geza , Messmer Andras , Hajos Gyoergy
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Direct Entry to Substituted Piperidinones from α,β‐Unsaturated Amides by Means of Aza Double Michael Reaction.
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Nishida Naoko , Ihara Masataka
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective Catch and Release of a Synthetically Useful Phosphine Ligand.
Authors: Marugg Jennifer L. , Neitzel Martin L. , Tucker John
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Azinyl Sulfides. Part 76. 1H‐ and 1‐Alkyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3‐alkylthioquinolines from 1,4‐Dihydro‐4‐oxo‐3′‐alkylthio‐3,4′‐diquinolinyl Sulfides.
Authors: Bebenek Ewa , Chrobak Elwira , Maslankiewicz Andrzej
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Azinyl Sulfides. Part 77. Synthesis and X‐Ray Analysis of Isomeric Diazadithiapentacenes.
Authors: Nowak Malgorzata , Pluta Krystian , Kloc Christian , Siegrist Theo
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleophilic Substitution or Dipolar 1,3‐Cycloaddition in Reactions of Cyanamide with 4‐Arylpyrimidine 1‐Oxides.
Authors: Prokhorov A. M. , Kozhevnikov D. N. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: July 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Oleanene (I) and Fernane‐Type Triterpenes (II) from the Stem Bark of Betula pendula Roth
Authors: Mukhtar H. M. , Ansari S. H. , Ali M. , Naved T.
Published: July 2005

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Unusual Peptides Containing the 2,6‐Diaminopimelic Acid Framework: Stereocontrolled Synthesis, X‐Ray Analysis, and Computational Modeling. Part 2.
Authors: Galeazzi R. , Garavelli M. , Grandi A. , Monari M. , Porzi G. , Sandri S.
Published: July 2005

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Formal Synthesis of (‐)‐Apicularen A.
Authors: Graetz Benjamin R. , Rychnovsky Scott D.
Published: July 2005

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Phytotoxic Compounds from Flourensia cernua.
Authors: Mata Rachel , Bye Robert , Linares Edelmira , Macias Martha , Rivero‐Cruz Isabel , Perez Olga , Timmermann Barbara N.
Published: July 2005

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Investigating Actinyl Oxo Cations by X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Den Auwer Christophe , Simoni Eric , Conradson Steven , Madic Charles
Published: July 2005

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A Carbon‐Free Sandwich Complex [(P5)2Ti]2‐
Authors: Poli R.
Published: July 2005

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Organic Functionalization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kickelbick Guido , Schubert Ulrich
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Assembly of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Warner Marvin G. , Hutchison James E.
Published: July 2005

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Group 13/15 Organometallic Compounds — Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity and Potential Applications
Authors: Schulz Stephan
Published: July 2005

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Metalated Lead Compounds
Authors: Takeda N. , Tokitoh N. , Okazaki R.
Published: July 2005

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Recent Advances in the Activation of Boron and Silicon Reagents for Stereocontrolled Allylation Reaction
Authors: Kennedy Jason W. J. , Hall Dennis G.
Published: July 2005

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anti‐Dipsotropic Isoflavones: The Potential Therapeutic Agents for Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Keung Wing Ming
Published: July 2005

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Chelation‐Controlled Bergman Cyclization: Synthesis and Reactivity of Enediynyl Ligands
Authors: Basak Amit , Mandal Subrata , Bag Subhendu Sekhar
Published: July 2005

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Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions in Steroid Synthesis
Authors: Skoda‐Foeldes Rita , Kollar Laszlo
Published: July 2005

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Ladder Polysilanes
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Matsumoto Hideyuki
Published: July 2005

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Structure—Reactivity Relationships in the Cyclo‐Oligomerization of 1,3‐Butadiene Catalyzed by Zerovalent Nickel Complexes
Authors: Tobisch Sven
Published: July 2005

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Catalytic Pauson—Khand‐(Type) Reactions
Authors: Shibata Takanori
Published: July 2005

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Unique Reactivity of Twisted 1,3‐Diene
Authors: Mori Hajime , Katsumura Shigeo
Published: July 2005

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Di‐ and Triindolylmethanes: Versatile Ligands for Main Group and Transition Elements
Authors: Mason Mark R.
Published: July 2005

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Photoresponsive Porous Organosilicas
Authors: Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: July 2005

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Bond Activation by Low Valent Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Komiya Sanshiro , Hirano Masafumi
Published: July 2005

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Cation‐Dependent Photochromic Properties of Novel Ditopic Receptors
Authors: Fedorova Olga A. , Fedorov Y. V. , Andrjukhina E. N. , Gromov S. P. , Alfimov M. V.
Published: July 2005

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Potentiodynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ragoisha G. A. , Bondarenko A. S.
Published: July 2005

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Unified Explanation of Catalyzed and Non‐Catalyzed Chemical Reactions
Authors: Gardner‐Chavis Ralph A. , Reye John
Published: July 2005

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Hepta‐ and Octacoordinate Boron in Molecular Wheels of Eight‐ and Nine‐Atom Boron Clusters: Observation and Confirmation.
Authors: Zhai Hua‐Jin , Alexandrova Anastassia N. , Birch K. Alexander , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Wang Lai‐Sheng
Published: July 2005

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A Study of the Phase Mg2Cu6Ga5, Isotypic with Mg2Zn11. A Route to an Icosahedral Quasicrystal Approximant.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Corbett John D.
Published: July 2005

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GaP5 and InP5: Unusual Molecules open New Ways for Preparation of Highly Pure III/IV Semiconductor Materials.
Authors: Koeppe R. , Steiner J. , Schoeckel H.
Published: July 2005

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Sodium Intercalation into the n = 2 Ruddlesden—Popper Type Host Y2Ti2O5S2: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of α‐NaxY2Ti2O5S2 (0 < x ≤ 1).
Authors: Clarke Simon J. , Denis Sophie G. , Rutt Oliver J. , Hill Timothy L. , Hayward Michael A. , Hyett Geoffrey , Gal Zoltan A.
Published: July 2005

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Structural Characteristics and Redox Behaviors of Ce1‐xCuxOy Solid Solutions.
Authors: Shan Wenjuan , Shen Wenjie , Li Can
Published: July 2005

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A New Class of C1‐Symmetric Monosulfoximine Ligands for Enantioselective Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Verrucci Marinella , Simic Oliver , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Raabe Gerhard , Okamura Hiroaki
Published: July 2005

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A Simple and Practical Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐1‐Iodo‐1‐alkenes from 1,1‐Diiodo‐1‐alkenes.
Authors: Kadota Isao , Ueno Hirokazu , Ohno Akio , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: July 2005

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Aromatic Nitrations in Ionic Liquids: The Importance of Cation Choice.
Authors: Lancaster N. Llewellyn , Llopis‐Mestre Veronica
Published: July 2005

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Indium‐Catalyzed Addition of Active Methylene Compounds to 1‐Alkynes.
Authors: Nakamura Masaharu , Endo Kohei , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: July 2005

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Highly Regioselective Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Terminal Alkynes and Allenes.
Authors: Bruyere Didier , Grigg Ronald , Hinsley Joanne , Hussain Ruksana K. , Korn Stewart , Orgaz De La Cierva Cecilia , Sridharan Visuvanathar , Wang Jung
Published: July 2005

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Development of Thiourea‐Based Ligands for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Bis(methoxycarbonylation) of Terminal Olefins.
Authors: Dai Mingji , Wang Cuihua , Dong Guangbin , Xiang Jing , Luo Tuoping , Liang Bo , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen
Published: July 2005

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Diastereoselective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloadditions Between Bicyclic Alkenes and a Chiral Propargylic Alcohol and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Villeneuve Karine , Jordan Robert W. , Tam William
Published: July 2005

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Hydroxylamines and Sulfinamide as Amine Components in the Petasis Boronic Acid—Mannich Reaction: Synthesis of N‐Hydroxy or Alkoxy‐α‐aminocarboxylicacids and N‐(tert‐Butyl sulfinyl)‐α‐amino Carboxylicacids.
Authors: Naskar Dinabandhu , Roy Amrita , Seibel William L. , Portlock David E.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of 4‐(1‐Oxo‐isoindoline)‐, 4‐(5,6‐Dimethoxy‐1‐oxo‐isoindoline) and 4‐Acetamido‐Substituted Phenoxy‐3‐amino‐propane Derivatives and Their β1‐, β2‐Adrenergic Receptor Binding Studies.
Authors: Jindal Dharam Paul , Singh Babita , Sharma Neelam , Coumar Mohane S. , Bruni Giancarlo , Massarelli Paola
Published: July 2005

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Isothiazoles. Part 14. New 3‐Aminosubstituted Isothiazole Dioxides and Their Mono‐ and Dihalogeno Derivatives.
Authors: Clerici Francesca , Contini Alessandro , Gelmi Maria Luisa , Pocar Donato
Published: July 2005

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The Influence of Fluorine Substitution on Diels—Alder Reaction of 3‐Vinylcoumarin and Ethylene.
Authors: Koroniak H. , Pasikowska M. , Fiedorow P.
Published: July 2005

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Thio Diels—Alder Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated 1,3‐Oxathiolanes with Aliphatic Olefins and 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Kerverdo Sebastien , Lizzani‐Cuvelier Louisette , Dunach Elisabet
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity in vitro of New 5‐(2‐Amino‐3‐pyridyl)‐2‐thioxo‐3H‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Liszkiewicz H. , Kowalska M. W. , Wietrzyk J. , Opolski A.
Published: July 2005

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N‐Bromosuccinimide Promoted Ring Expansion Reactions: Diastereoselective Formation of Functionalized Azaspirocyclic Cyclopentanones.
Authors: Hurley Paul B. , Dake Gregory R.
Published: July 2005

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A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydropyrimidines.
Authors: Karim Enamul , Kishore Kaushal , Vishwakarma Jai N.
Published: July 2005

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Direct Synthesis of Aryl Halosilanes Through Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Aromatic C—H Silylation by Disilanes.
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo , Sato Kazuaki , Nishio Yukihiro , Miyaura Norio
Published: July 2005

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Syntheses and Biological Activities of S‐1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidinylalkyl Dithiophosphates.
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bin , Jin Gui‐Yu
Published: July 2005

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2‐Thiazolidinone: A Novel Thiol Protective Surrogate of Complete Atom Efficiency, a Practical Synthesis of (+)‐Biotin.
Authors: Seki Masahiko , Kimura Mayumi , Hatsuda Masanori , Yoshida Shin‐ichi , Shimizu Toshiaki
Published: July 2005

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Total Synthesis of the Marine Alkaloid Halitulin.
Authors: Heinrich Markus R. , Steglich Wolfgang , Banwell Martin G. , Kashman Yoel
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2‐Carbomethoxy‐3‐catechol‐8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes.
Authors: Meltzer Peter C. , McPhee Mark , Madras Bertha K.
Published: July 2005

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Physicochemical and Structural Characterization of Mesoporous Aluminosilicates Synthesized from Leached Saponite with Additional Aluminum Incorporation.
Authors: Linssen Thierry , Cassiers Kristof , Cool Pegie , Lebedev Oleg , Whittaker Andrew , Vansant Etienne F.
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis and Reactivity Zirconocene Derivatives
Authors: Negishi Ei‐Ichi , Huo Shouquan
Published: July 2005

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Organometallic Complexes of Rhenium
Authors: Kuehn F. E. , Romao C. C. , Herrmann W. A.
Published: July 2005

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Carbonyl Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten with σ‐Bonded Ligands
Authors: Ito T. , Minato M.
Published: July 2005

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2‐C‐Formyl Glycals: Emerging Chiral Synthons in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Ramesh Namakkal G. , Balasubramanian Kalpattu K.
Published: July 2005

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Tunable Furanoside Diphosphite Ligands: A Powerful Approach in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Dieguez Montserrat , Ruiz Aurora , Claver Carmen
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetry in Bridged Binuclear Metalloenzymes: Lessons for the Chemist
Authors: Belle Catherine , Pierre Jean‐Louis
Published: July 2005

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Synthesis of Tissues and Organs
Authors: Yannas Ioannis V.
Published: July 2005

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Charge Transfer and Charge Transport on the Double Helix
Authors: Armitage N. P. , Briman M. , Gruner G.
Published: July 2005

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Abundant Oxygenates in the Atmosphere: A Biochemical Perspective
Authors: Fall Ray
Published: July 2005

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Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation. Design of New Ru Catalysts and Chiral Ligands: From Laboratory to Industrial Applications
Authors: Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: July 2005

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Molecular Models of Solvation in Polar Liquids
Authors: Chuev G. N. , Basilevsky M. V.
Published: July 2005

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