bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aging, Dependence, and Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review of Employment Creation
Authors: Martinez-Lacoba Roberto , Pardo-Garcia Isabel , Escribano-Sotos Francisco
Published: December 2021

Population aging is an economic and social challenge in most countries in the world as it generates higher dependency rates and increased demand for long-term care. Undertaking the care of older dependent adults can result in new opportunities for job creation. There is limited knowledge of the impact of dependent care and long-term care on employment. We examined this impact through a systematic review. Countries with conditional cash benefits show job creation, and countries with unconditional economic benefits reveal the development of a grey care market with high participation of migrant labor. Migrant employment in developed countries affects the development of the labor market in the countries of origin. The employment created to care for dependent persons is generally precarious. In conclusion, global aging will increase long-term care worker demand, but the variations in policies can determine what kind of employment is created.
Development of a Home-Based Nursing Intervention Model for Patients With Heart Failure: A Qualitative Feasibility Study
Authors: Sano Motohiro , Majima Tomoko
Published: December 2021

Aim: To develop and verify the feasibility of a personalized home-based heart failure (HF) nursing intervention model to support HF patients, promote self-management, and avoid HF exacerbation and re-hospitalization. Methods: Based on processes established in previous studies, literature reviews, and evidence-based guidelines and theories, we developed the nursing intervention model for patients with HF. The goal of this model is to harmonize symptom deterioration prevention behavior and individual lifestyle. After intervention, we conducted semi-structured interviews with participants, and data were transcribed verbatim, after which qualitative content analysis was employed. The contents of visiting nursing practice, opinions on this nursing model, and self-management in patients with HF were analyzed qualitatively and inductively from the viewpoint of practicality and acceptability. Results: Five nurses who provided interventions, as well as five patients with HF, participated in this study. Accordingly, our findings showed that the framework, assessment, and nursing intervention contents of this model can be practical for everyday home nursing visitations. Conclusions: The content has been revised so that more visiting nurses can use them, including those who have less cardiovascular nursing experience.
The Sinasina “Big Man” Complex: A Central Culture Theme
Authors: Turner Charles V.
Published: December 2021

There is no more fundamental problem in inter-cultural relationship, be it in the missionary sphere or any other, than the differences people have in basic outlook and motivation. The problem is highlighted in this article in a useful way, which is none the less enlightening for being over-simplified. One caution may be in order: Most societies probably have more than one extremely important cultural theme. These sometimes reinforce each other and sometimes exist in tension. The search for the integrating, dynamic factor in a culture is not easy, but it may be most rewarding.
Structural Factors in Dukawa Conversion
Authors: Salamone Frank A.
Published: December 2021

Heise's theory that Catholic missionaries concentrate on individuals and cause them to depend for psychosocial support on the mission community is tested. An actual case of a convert torn between traditional and Catholic values in Northern Nigeria is given.
Indications of Goal Displacement in Regulatory Enforcement Agencies: An Empirical Exploration
Authors: Huizinga Kees
Published: December 2021

This paper describes indications of goal displacement in regulatory enforcement agencies as reported by enforcement professionals from a range of regulatory domains. The findings suggest that the occurrence of this phenomenon in these agencies may be more prevalent and multifaceted than expected. Among the goal-displacement types reported as most impactful were goal narrowing, induced by calamities, goal diversion through ongoing organizational reform, and goal diversion brought upon by strict regimes of output management. A systematic exploration of these various goal-displacement types as conducted here sheds light onto the intricate nature of goal alignment of these agencies.
A nodular type of mantle cell lymphoma in the nasopharynx
Authors: Hong Yong Tae , Lee Hyunjun
Published: December 2021

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma derived from CD5-positive antigen-naïve pre-germinal center B-cells within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles. MCL comprises approximately 5 to 10% of all lymphomas. Tonsil is the most common location of MCL in the head and neck region, followed by the nasopharynx. Primary MCL involving the nasopharynx is extremely rare. Its clinical course is very aggressive with frequent relapses after conventional chemotherapy. It always presents as a protruding mass on the mucosal lining of the pharyngeal cavity. Here, we report a new nodular type of MCL in the nasopharynx. Endoscopically, this case showed multiple nodular lesions of primary MCL on the nasopharyngeal mucosa. This unique finding has not been reported yet in the English literature. These lesions should be differentiated from simple pharyngeal infections or benign lymphoid hyperplasia in the nasopharynx.
R&D Reporting Rule and Firm Efficiency
Authors: Bhattacharya Nilabhra , Saito Yoshie , Venkataraman Ramgopal , Jiewei Yu Jeff
Published: December 2021

Critics opine that full expensing of research and development (R&D) depresses near-term profits and incentivizes myopic managers to under-invest in R&D, compromising firm efficiency. Advocates of the expensing rule argue that little rigorous research evidence supports the claimed adverse consequences. We examine the impact of the R&D expensing rule on firm efficiency by exploiting an exogenous shock: a shift in the accounting regime in Germany from full expensing to partial capitalization of R&D when it mandated International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) adoption in 2005. We employ Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis to estimate efficiency for the same German firms before and after the IFRS adoption. We find robust evidence of efficiency improvement in the post-period relative to the pre-period for German R&D firms that report R&D expenditures, and for both early adopters and timely adopters. We also document that financially constrained firms and firms experiencing rapid R&D growth prior to the IFRS adoption show greater efficiency improvement. Moreover, we conduct three falsification tests to make sure our results are not attributable to other accounting changes associated with the IFRS adoption, and find no efficiency improvement for the three control groups (German “no-R&D” sample, U.K. firms, and Australian firms), respectively. We conclude that the change in the R&D reporting rule is the likely catalyst for improvements in efficiency of German R&D firms.
Marcuse’s Contribution to Political Thought: On Potentiality, Pre-enactment, and the Surrealism of Liberation
Authors: Marchart Oliver
Published: December 2021

Among theorists associated with the first generation of the Frankfurt School, Herbert Marcuse’s position is singular in that he provides us with an unabashedly affirmative theory of politics as liberatory practice. The article discusses Marcuse’s contribution to political thought by pointing out how, in particular, three aspects remain highly pertinent to contemporary thought: (a) his account of freedom as potentiality, to be actualized in political practice; (b) his conception of the political pre-figuration or pre-enactment of a liberated society; and (c) his rehabilitation of the human faculty of imagination that allows us to overcome the reality principle of the status quo by venturing, qua practice, into the realm of the revolutionary surreal, thereby enlarging the horizon of what is politically imaginable. In a final step Marcuse’s contribution is contrasted with contemporary theories of the political.
Interpretation of successful and failed events in entrepreneurial firms: Acknowledgement practice under uncertainty
Authors: Johnson David , Bock Adam J , Thompson Alex
Published: December 2021

Event interpretation and acknowledgement drive behaviour and identity formation in organisations. Extant studies exploring this link have focused on large, stable organisations. We extend these studies to entrepreneurial contexts where individual behaviour and organisational identity are especially fluid. We analyse narratives of success and failure in entrepreneurial firms to identify and explore acknowledgement practice, which is the ad-hoc action (or inaction) of organisational actors and groups responding to observed events. We explore how uncertainty affects event interpretation and acknowledgement. Within entrepreneurial contexts, we show that event interpretation and acknowledgement biases influence responses to success and failure. The combination of these biases reveals four broad emergent organisational characteristics, which have important implications for organisational identity.
Multimodality imaging evaluation of pseudotumors in chronic renal dysfunction: exposing the masquerade!
Authors: Goyal Ankur , Gulati Malvika , Sharma Raju , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Seith Bhalla Ashu , Seth Amlesh
Published: December 2021

Focal renal lesions in the background of chronic kidney disease (CKD) present a diagnostic challenge. Contrast administration is usually avoided in such a setting, undermining the usefulness of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Focal regenerating nodules may occur in the background of CKD and closely mimic renal neoplasms. The aim of the present article was to highlight the salient manifestations of such CKD pseudotumors on different imaging modalities and also to depict the differentiating features from malignancy. Radiologists must be aware of the imaging appearance of this uncommonly talked about entity so as to avoid inadvertent surgery or cause undue anxiety to the patient.
Comparison between febuxostat and allopurinol uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and hyperuricemia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Tsuda Akihiro , Tsuda Tatsunori , Ishibashi Toshiyuki , Konno Ichiro , Yamaguchi Osamu , Machii Hirofumi , Nozaki Naoki , Niizeki Takeshi , Miyamoto Takuya , Takeishi Yasuchika ,   on behalf of the multicenter randomized trial investigators
Published: December 2021

Objective

Heart failure (HF) is a common and highly morbid cardiovascular disorder. Oxidative stress worsens HF, and uric acid (UA) is a useful oxidative stress marker. The novel anti-hyperuricemic drug febuxostat is a potent non-purine selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor. The present study examined the UA-lowering and prognostic effects of febuxostat in patients with HF compared with conventional allopurinol.

Methods

This multicenter, randomized trial included 263 patients with chronic HF who were randomly assigned to two groups and received allopurinol or febuxostat (UA >7.0 mg/dL). All patients were followed up for 3 years after enrollment.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between the two groups. The UA level was significantly decreased after 3 years of drug administration compared with the baseline in both groups. Urine levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine were lower in the febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (11.0 ± 9.6 vs. 22.9 ± 15.9 ng/mL), and the rate of patients free from hospitalization due to worsening HF tended to be higher in the febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (89.0% vs. 83.0%).

Conclusions

Febuxostat is potentially more effective than allopurinol for treating patients with chronic HF and hyperuricemia. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ ; ID: 000009817).
Effects of Mixture and Aggregate Type on Over-Compaction in Hot Mix Asphalt in Tennessee
Authors: Polaczyk Pawel , Ma Yuetan , Hu Wei , Xiao Rui , Jiang Xi , Huang Baoshan
Published: December 2021

Correct compaction is vital for asphalt mixture service life. An adequately compacted mixture with inferior properties can achieve better performance than a mixture with excellent properties but poorly compacted. This study investigated resistance to damage caused by over-compaction by utilizing the locking point concept. Over-compaction might cause damage to the aggregate structure and decrease service life. The locking point is defined as the moment during mixture compaction at which an aggregate skeleton is developed and becomes stable. Beyond the locking point, more compaction energy does not significantly increase mixture density and can damage aggregate particles. A total of 15 mixtures was utilized and evaluated using the gyratory compactor. Among them, five dense-graded plant mixtures contained different aggregates and binders, and 10 laboratory mixtures (three types: the surface, the base, and stone mastic asphalt [SMA]) were designed with the most popular coarse aggregates in Tennessee: hard limestone, soft limestone, gravel, and granite. The results of this study show that the highest locking point was reached by the mixtures containing gravel. The SMA mixtures have, on average, lower locking points than the dense-graded mixtures. Most of the dense-graded mixtures made with crushed stones failed in the range of +20 to +30 gyrations, whereas the samples made with gravels failed in the range of +30 to +40 gyrations, indicating that gravel seems to be the most resistant to damage.
Discrepancy in the Distribution Patterns of Subchondral Bone Density Across the Ankle Joint After Medial Opening-Wedge and Lateral Closing-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Matsubara Shinji , Onodera Tomohiro , Iwasaki Koji , Hishimura Ryosuke , Matsuoka Masatake , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: December 2021

Background:

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) changes the alignment and dynamics of the ankle joint; however, differences in the stress distribution of the ankle joint after opening-wedge HTO (OWHTO) and closing-wedge HTO (CWHTO) are not understood. It is believed that subchondral bone density of the articular surface reflects the pattern of cumulative stress distribution across the joint surface.

Purpose:

To clarify the effects of OWHTO and CWHTO on the distribution patterns of subchondral bone density across the ankle joint using computed tomography (CT)–osteoabsorptiometry.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Radiographic and CT data of 18 cases who underwent OWHTO (OW group), 12 cases who underwent CWHTO (CW group), and 11 cases with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament injury serving as controls were retrospectively reviewed. The subchondral bone density of the distal tibia was assessed in the 3 groups using CT-osteoabsorptiometry. The distal tibial surface of the ankle joint was divided into 4 parts in the coronal direction, and the percentage of the high-density area (%HDA) to each subregion was compared before and after HTO.

Results:

Preoperatively, comparing %HDA among the 3 groups, there were no significant differences in any regions. In the OW group, postoperative %HDA in the most medial region was significantly increased compared with preoperative %HDA (49.3% to 53.0%; P = .011), and postoperative %HDA in the most lateral region was significantly decreased (21.4% to 17.2%; P = .003). On the other hand, in the CW group, postoperative %HDA in the most medial region was significantly decreased (55.7% to 35.7%; P = .001), and %HDA in the second lateral region was significantly increased (23.6% to 29.2%; P = .002).

Conclusion:

The ankle distribution pattern of subchondral bone density shifted significantly medially after OWHTO without fibular osteotomy, whereas the distribution pattern shifted laterally after CWHTO with fibular osteotomy. When the OWHTO is performed for patients with medial ankle osteoarthritis, surgeons should pay attention to potential postoperative progression of ankle osteoarthritis due to medial shift of the stress distribution in the ankle joint.
La propension du client à éviter de demander assistance : conceptualisation et développement d’une échelle
Authors: Sangle-Ferriere Marion , Voyer Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Le consommateur est de plus en plus confronté à des processus et des technologies complexes dans le cadre de sa consommation quotidienne. Les difficultés qui en découlent peuvent entraver son expérience et avoir des conséquences négatives sur la satisfaction, le bouche à oreille et les comportements de réachat. Bien que les entreprises proposent très souvent une assistance à la clientèle, beaucoup de clients ne font pas la démarche de demander assistance. Dans cette recherche, nous présentons un cadre issu de la psychologie sociale qui souligne les menaces perçues par l’individu envisageant de demander assistance afin de mieux expliquer les comportements d’évitement d’une telle demande. Ce travail donne lieu à l’élaboration et au développement du construit de « propension à éviter de demander assistance ». Il participe ainsi à la compréhension des facteurs déclenchant ou inhibant le comportement de demande d’assistance chez les clients. En proposant et en validant une nouvelle échelle de mesure de ce comportement, la présente recherche apporte une contribution méthodologique à la littérature. Elle concourt par ailleurs à mieux expliquer le comportement des clients préférant renoncer à l’utilisation d’un produit ou d’un service plutôt que de demander assistance.
The Scope of Rape Victimization and Perpetration Among National Samples of College Students Across 30 years
Authors: Koss Mary P. , Swartout Kevin M. , Lopez Elise C. , Lamade Raina V. , Anderson Elizabeth J. , Brennan Carolyn L. , Prentky Robert A.
Published: December 2021

Research Questions: Rape prevention practice and policy have roots in data from 1985. This study uses 2015 national data to project recent prevalence, assesses whether rates now differ from those of 30 years ago, and disaggregates 2015 prevalence into rape of alcohol incapacitated victims, rapes combining both alcohol and physical tactics, and violent rape. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted comparing two national samples. The first was collected in 1984-85 (Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987); the second was collected 30 years later in 2014-2015. Both surveys used in-person administration and measurement by the most current version at the time of the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES). Prevalence rates were compared using Bayesian binomial tests. Results: In 2015, 33.4% (1 in 3) of women reported experiencing rape or attempted rape and 12.7% of men reported perpetration (1 in 8). Using Jeffreys' label for effect size of the Bayes binomial (1961), both results are “decisively” greater than expected given the 1985 benchmarks of 27.9% for victimization and 7.7% for perpetration. Victimization when incapacitated characterized approximately 75% of incidents in 2015 up from 50% in 1985. Cautions apply as cross-sectional data does not establish causality and the recent data set involved the revised SES. Conclusions: Across 30 years, neither containment nor reduction of rape was demonstrated and the increasingly prominent association with alcohol was apparent. Among the men who disclosed raping, 9 of 10 incidents were alcohol-involved. Prevention focus might profitably be directed to constraining alcohol environments and policies that facilitate rape of incapacitated persons and on misconduct responses that are proportional to the harm caused to rape victims, thereby raising the perceived risks of perpetration.
Management in architectural design: A reflection on the profession and education
Authors: Nikseresht Maryamnaz , Mozaffar Farhang , Hosseini Seyyed Bagher , Sedghpour Bahram Saleh
Published: December 2021

Because employers highlight time, cost, and quality factors in an architect’s work environment, it has become essential to emphasize management techniques and the application of required skills in the project design process. The aim of this study is to compare the factors influencing the management of architectural design in both the professional and academic fields. A quantitative research method was adopted and, using questionnaires and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), important factors were compared and analyzed. In this regard, six influential factors in architectural design management were identified: namely, project management, business management, education management, personal skills management, information management, and knowledge management. These factors were further classified into three areas: design processes, competitiveness, and structuring. These three areas were scaled according to their importance in academic and professional work. It was found that project management and business management had greater importance in professional environments, whereas education management, information management, personal skills management, and knowledge management had greater importance in the academic and educational environments.
From ignorance to knowledge: Sexual consent and queer stories
Authors: Beres Melanie A
Published: December 2021

The problem of sexual assault has received increasing public attention over the last few years, with an increasing focus on the concept of sexual consent to solve the problem. Education efforts focus on teaching people what consent is and how to explicitly communicate about sex, constructing consent as a knowledge problem. Using the stories of queer adults, this study calls for the development of an epistemology of sexual consent. I argue that the current research and scholarship fail to recognise existing knowledge about sexual consent, relegating sexual consent to an epistemology of ignorance. Queer participants in this study demonstrated sophisticated knowledge of sexual consent through their talk on the role of verbal consent cues and articulating how they “tune in” to their partners during sex. Within their talk, verbal consent was sometimes viewed as essential to consent, while at times was not necessary, and at other times was not enough to understand a partner's sexual consent. Importantly, they described deep knowledge about partners’ comfort, discomfort or hesitation through “tuning in”. Developing an epistemology of sexual consent requires recognising and valuing what participants tell us about what they know about their partners’ willingness to engage in sex.
Adaptive Leadership and Independent Opinions: Lessons From the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme
Authors: Bulgiba Awang
Published: December 2021

Malaysia was slow to begin its COVID-19 immunization program for various reasons. However, it is one of the fastest developing countries to vaccinate 80% of its adult population. Nontraditional health leadership played a large role in the implementation of the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (NCIP). Independent opinions from academia also helped the NCIP and may be useful as a way of pushing forward recommendations that may otherwise be difficult to make.
Comparing Patients’ Experiences in Three Differentiated Service Delivery Models for HIV Treatment in South Africa
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C. , Ndlovu Sibusiso , van Wyk Brian
Published: December 2021

Differentiated service delivery for HIV treatment seeks to enhance medication adherence while respecting the preferences of people living with HIV. Nevertheless, patients’ experiences of using these differentiated service delivery models or approaches have not been qualitatively compared. Underpinned by the tenets of descriptive phenomenology, we explored and compared the experiences of patients in three differentiated service delivery models using the National Health Services’ Patient Experience Framework. Data were collected from 68 purposively selected people living with HIV receiving care in facility adherence clubs, community adherence clubs, and quick pharmacy pick-up. Using the constant comparative thematic analysis approach, we compared themes identified across the different participant groups. Compared to facility adherence clubs and community adherence clubs, patients in the quick pharmacy pick-up model experienced less information sharing; communication and education; and emotional/psychological support. Patients’ positive experience with a differentiated service delivery model is based on how well the model fits into their HIV disease self-management goals.
Treatment Options for T1 Stage Adenocarcinoma of Esophagogastric Junction: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Chen Han , Li Shuo , Hua Jie , Zhang Weifeng , Li Xueliang , Si Xinmin , Zhang Guoxin
Published: December 2021

Background

The number of patients diagnosed with T1 stage adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEGJ) has been increasing. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different treatment options (surgery, chemoradiation, and surgery+chemoradiation) on long-term survival in patients with T1-stage AEGJ.

Methods

We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify the records of patients with T1-stage AEGJ between 2010 and 2018. Patient demographics and cancer parameters were compared among the three groups. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to compare long-term survival.

Results

Data from 925 T1 stage AEGJ patients (surgery: n=516, surgery+chemoradiation: n=206, chemoradiation: n=203) were collected. We found that the OS and CSS rates of three treatment options had significant difference. Besides, positive nodal status also showed lower OS and CSS rat. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that surgery group has much lower risk of death compared with chemoradiation group and similar risk of death compared with surgery+chemoradiation group. Subgroup analysis suggested that in patients with N1–N3 status had higher OS and CSS rates in surgery+chemoradiation group.

Conclusion

Using SEER data, we identified a significant survival advantage with the use of surgery compared to chemoradiation in patients with T1-stage AEGJ while the long-term survival of patients after surgery+chemoradiation group was not significantly different and low risk of death in positive nodal status.
From Apoptosis to Necroptosis: The Death Wishes to Cancer
Authors: Meng Xianmei , Dang Tong , Chai Jianyuan
Published: December 2021

DNA mutation is a common event in the human body, but in most situations, it is fixed right away by the DNA damage response program. In case the damage is too severe to repair, the programmed cell death system will be activated to get rid of the cell. However, if the damage affects some critical components of this system, the genetic scars are kept and multiply through mitosis, possibly leading to cancer someday. There are many forms of programmed cell death, but apoptosis and necroptosis represent the default and backup strategy, respectively, in the maintenance of optimal cell population as well as in cancer prevention. For the same reason, the ideal approach for cancer treatment is to induce apoptosis in the cancer cells because it proceeds 20 times faster than tumor cell proliferation and leaves no mess behind. Induction of necroptosis can be the second choice in case apoptosis becomes hard to achieve, however, necroptosis finishes the job at a cost—inflammation.
Variety of fiber orientation tensors
Authors: Bauer Julian Karl , Böhlke Thomas
Published: December 2021

Fiber orientation tensors are established descriptors of fiber orientation states in (thermo-)mechanical material models for fiber-reinforced composites. In this paper, the variety of fourth-order orientation tensors is analyzed and specified by parameterizations and admissible parameter ranges. The combination of parameterizations and admissible parameter ranges allows for studies on the mechanical response of different fiber architectures. Linear invariant decomposition with focus on index symmetry leads to a novel compact hierarchical parameterization, which highlights the central role of the isotropic state. Deviation from the isotropic state is given by a triclinic harmonic tensor with simplified structure in the orientation coordinate system, which is spanned by the second-order orientation tensor. Material symmetries reduce the number of independent parameters. The requirement of positive-semi-definiteness defines admissible ranges of independent parameters. Admissible parameter ranges for transversely isotropic and planar cases are given in a compact closed form and the orthotropic variety is visualized and discussed in detail. Sets of discrete unit vectors, leading to selected orientation states, are given.
Templates in Qualitative Research Methods: Origins, Limitations, and New Directions
Authors: Köhler Tine , Smith Anne , Bhakoo Vikram
Published: December 2021

In this feature topic, we explore the burgeoning trend to employ templates in qualitative research. To understand authors’ motivations to use templates and perceptions regarding template use in the scholarly community, we conducted an interview study with 21 interviewees who had published qualitative research in one of nine premier management journals between 2014 and 2018. Our analysis identified four key tensions in template use: structure versus restriction, convention versus innovativeness, legitimization versus obscuration, and instrumentality versus craft. We discuss these tensions and their implications for the practice and evaluation of qualitative research. We then introduce the eight papers included in this feature topic. Each of them addresses and explores specific aspects of the origins and limitations of template use, whilst providing insights and guidance for future qualitative research. We envisage this feature topic to be a catalyst for discourse amongst scholars, engaging with contemporary trends and tensions to pave new pathways that embrace the diversity and plurality of qualitative approaches.
Seeing reason or seeing costs? The United States, counterterrorism, and the human rights of foreigners
Authors: Heupel Monika , Heaphy Caiden , Heaphy Janina
Published: December 2021

It is well known that in the wake of 9/11, the United States committed various extraterritorial human rights violations, that is, human rights violations against foreigners outside of its territory. What is less known is that the United States has gradually introduced safeguards that are, at least on paper, meant to prevent its counter-terrorism policies from causing harm to foreigners abroad or, at least, to mitigate such harm. Based on three case studies on the development of safeguards related to torture, targeted killing, and mass surveillance, we show that two mechanisms, coercion and strategic learning, deployed either on their own or in combination, can account for the development of such safeguards. By contrast, we found no evidence of a third mechanism, moral persuasion, having any direct effect. In other words, US policymakers opt to introduce such safeguards either when they face pressure from other states, courts, or civil society that makes immediate action necessary or when they anticipate that not introducing them will, at a later date, result in prohibitively high costs. We did not find evidence of US policymakers establishing safeguards because they deemed them morally appropriate. From this we conclude that, although the emerging norm that states have extraterritorial (and not just domestic) human rights obligations may not have been internalized by key US policymakers, it nevertheless has a regulative effect on them insofar as the fact that relevant others believe in the norm restricts their leeway and influences their cost–benefit calculations.
How do online hotel consumers perceive room rates?
Authors: Chung Hee Chung , Chung Namho , Kim Jin-young
Published: December 2021

While it has been perceived that hotel consumers using online travel agencies (OTAs) are overall price sensitive, a dominant use of OTAs in hotel booking suggests that there are more diverse consumers in terms of price perception. As such, this study investigates the price sensitivity of the Online Travel Agency (OTA) consumer segments, using price sensitivity measurement (PSM) by using factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed four OTA consumer segments, i.e., planned bargain seekers, enthusiastic shoppers, deal hunters, and apathetic shoppers. Differences in price sensitivity was confirmed among these segments. This study uncovers the characteristics of OTA consumers who are more (less) price sensitive. By using PSM, this study presents and compares the optimal pricing points across the customer segments in terms of monetary values. Based on the findings, this study provides theoretical and practical implications.
‘Pleural Triage’ facilitates effective management of a pleural service in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Ajmal Syed , Stockbridge Alison , Vella Claire , Johnstone Sarah , Deakin Tracey , Tufail Muhammad , Panchal Rakesh K
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has created new challenges for management of pleural diseases. As resources and staff have been redirected to manage acutely unwell COVID-19 patients, routine medical practice and service provision for pleural diseases have been severely disrupted. We recognised the impact this had for patients with pleural diseases, who can be highly vulnerable to infection and often have conditions for which treatment cannot be safely delayed. The pleural service was reviewed in a tertiary centre, focusing on the changes that allowed maintenance of a service whilst maximising patient and staff safety, with the aim that these service transformations can be adopted elsewhere to improve care for pleural patients during and beyond COVID-19.
Aspiration and the Violence of Gentrification in Marvel’s Luke Cage
Authors: Martinez Miranda J.
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the cultural politics of gentrification as they are deployed in the Netflix series Marvel’s Luke Cage. Based on the comic book character, Luke Cage, who was created in response to the popularity of the 1970s blaxploitation films, and the Black Power movement, the television series portrays a Black superhero who defends contemporary Harlem and its people from crime and exploitation. Critically recognized and widely watched during its first airing from 2016 to 2018, Luke Cage was a breakthrough television series that not only centered a Black superhero but directed itself to Black experience and public dialogue during the time of Black Life Matters. The Harlem portrayed in Luke Cage is both a specific community, and a virtual invocation of Black community aspiration, and the structural violence of gentrification. The violent emotions and displacement of gentrification that are presented in the series represent a form of intramural dialogue between the Black creatives working on the show and the broader Black public that is engaging with the long-time debates around the meaning and future of Harlem.
Neuromodulation for Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Ryvlin Philippe , Jehi Lara E.
Published: December 2021

Three neuromodulation therapies, all using implanted device and electrodes, have been approved to treat adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, namely, the vagus nerve stimulation in 1995, deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) in 2018 (2010 in Europe), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) in 2014. Indications for VNS have more recently extended to children down to age of 4. Limited or anecdotal data are available in other epilepsy syndromes and refractory/super-refractory status epilepticus. Overall, neuromodulation therapies are palliative, with only a minority of patients achieving long-term seizure freedom, justifying favoring such treatments in patients who are not good candidates for curative epilepsy surgery. About half of patients implanted with VNS, ANT-DBS, and RNS have 50% or greater reduction in seizures, with long-term data suggesting increased efficacy over time. Besides their impact on seizure frequency, neuromodulation therapies are associated with various benefits and drawbacks in comparison to antiseizure drugs. Yet, we lack high-level evidence to best position each neuromodulation therapy in the treatment pathways of persons with difficult-to-treat epilepsy.
The Efficacy and Safety of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy versus Acupuncture in the Management of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Evidence Based on a Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Yongming , Song Pan , Cao Dehong , Di Xiaoyu , Lu Yanyong , Liu Peiwen , Dong Qiang
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and acupuncture therapy for patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).

We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and web of science from its inception to June 1, 2021. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared ESWT and acupuncture in the management of CP/CPPS were identified. A network meta-analysis was conducted with the software of STATA 14.0.

Nine RCTs with 525 patients were enrolled in our analysis. The results revealed that both ESWT and acupuncture were significantly better than the sham procedure in the outcomes of total score of NIH-CPSI, pain subscore, urinary symptoms subscore, QoL subscore, IPSS score, the IIEF score and response rates ( p < .05). Both ESWT and acupuncture were well-tolerated and had no obviously increased adverse events. Compared with acupuncture, ESWT was associated with better short term (<4w) and mid-term (8-12 w) efficacy of total score, pain subscore, urinary symptoms subscore, and QoL subscore of NIH-CPSI, IPSS score, IIEF score, and response rate. However, ESWT did not present better long-term (<24 w) outcomes than acupuncture in total score, pain subscore, urinary symptoms subscore, and QoL subscore of NIH-CPSI.

Both ESWT and acupuncture were effective and well-tolerated in the management of CP/CPPS. ESWT seemed to have better short (<4 w) and mid-term (8-12 w) efficacy but similar long-term (>24 w) efficacy than acupuncture.
Usefulness of Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition-Magnetic Resonance Angiography after Endovascular Treatment for Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Heo Young Jin , Kim Donghyun , Jeong Hae Woong , Baek Jin Wook , Kim Da Som , Shin Gi Won , Han Ji-yeon , Kim Sung Tae , Jeong Young Gyun
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Imaging follow-up after endovascular treatment is important; however, time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) has limitations associated with magnetic susceptibility and radiofrequency shielding caused by the stent and coils. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA)-MRA after endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms.

Material and methods

A total of 186 patients with 211 aneurysms who underwent both pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition- and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography in the same imaging session for follow-up after endovascular treatment. We subjectively graded the overall image quality, visualization of treated sites, and occlusion status.

Results

Although the overall image quality scores of pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition-magnetic resonance angiography were significantly lower than those of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography for both observers (4.04 ± 0.81 vs. 4.85 ± 0.35 [observer 1], 4.60 ± 0.69 vs. 4.94 ± 0.24 [observer 2]) (both P < .001), the visibility of treated sites using pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition-magnetic resonance angiography was significantly better than that of time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography overall (4.27 ± 0.97 vs. 3.42 ± 1.01; P < .001), in the distal internal carotid artery (4.46 ± 0.79 vs. 3.40 ± 1.00; P < .001), and in the middle cerebral artery (4.19 ± 0.93 vs. 3.08 ± 0.53, P = 0.007). Pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition-magnetic resonance angiography showed a higher area under the curve than time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography for the evaluation of treated aneurysm occlusion, except for posterior circulation aneurysms.

Conclusions

Pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition-magnetic resonance angiography showed better visualization of treated sites and better diagnostic performance than time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography for anterior circulation aneurysms. However, Pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition-magnetic resonance angiography showed limitations in the follow-up evaluation of posterior circulation aneurysms.
Interviewee Transcript Review as a Tool to Improve Data Quality and Participant Confidence in Sensitive Research
Authors: Rowlands James
Published: December 2021

Interviewee Transcript Review (ITR), a form of Respondent Validation, is a way to share and check interview transcripts with research participants. To date, the literature has considered how these practices affect data quality, focused on the ability of a participant to correct, add or remove data. Less considered is the extent to which ITR might enable sensitive research. Reporting on research examining the experiences and perspectives of different stakeholders involved in Domestic Homicide Reviews, 40 participants who took part in semi-structured interviews were offered the opportunity to review their transcripts. This paper contributes to the understanding of the use of ITR, demonstrating how it can be used to increase participant confidence to provide assurance about, and indeed active involvement in, the steps being taken to preserve their anonymity.
Is leadership a myth? A ‘new wave’ critical leadership-focused research agenda for recontouring the landscape of educational leadership
Authors: Evans Linda
Published: December 2021

Intentionally provocative, this article identifies weaknesses in mainstream educational leadership scholarship, and draws upon ‘new wave’ critical leadership studies to propose a new, potentially paradigm-shifting, direction for the field. The central argument is that educational leadership researchers, in focusing predominantly on how institutional heads and other formal ‘leaders’ may best ‘do’ leadership, are addressing the wrong questions and setting off from the wrong departure point. The unit of analysis should shift, it is argued, from leadership to influence, within a new research agenda that replaces surface-level, causality-assumptive ‘how?’ and ‘why?’ questions that have shaped mainstream educational leadership research for over thirty years, with more fundamental ‘who? and ‘what?’ questions, aimed at identifying who is in fact doing the influencing. An aspect of such inquiry is leadership scepticism and agnosticism, which confronts the question: Does leadership exist, or is it a myth that we have reified? A highly original feature of the proposed new research agenda is the adoption of the author's theoretical notion of a singular unit of micro-level influence as an ‘epistemic object’ – a concept derived from STEMM research, denoting a vague and undefined potential focus of inquiry that may (or may not) turn out to be significant.
Followers and following in early childhood education workplaces: A narrative review of the followership literature
Authors: Brooker Melinda , Cumming Tamara , Logan Helen
Published: December 2021

Typically, leadership is identified as a key to constructing high-quality early childhood education services and creating provisions to promote children's successful outcomes. However, leadership does not occur in isolation. Organisational management scholars point out that success in organisations is mostly reliant on effective followers. Despite a long tradition of attention to the value of followership in organisational management literature, little attention is given to followership in early childhood education literature. This article reviews conceptualisations of followership from a broad body of literature from organisational management and higher education studies, and a small number of studies in early childhood education literature that mentioned followership. This small body of early childhood education literature is critiqued in connection with the broader body of literature. The analysis reveals three key themes concerning followership in early childhood education literature: the dominance of leader-centric ideas; a lack of conceptual clarity about the role and practices of followership; and early childhood educators’ qualifications typically determine who follows and who leads. This review contributes to increased understandings of the potential value of followership theories and practices in early childhood education.
The impact of exercise perceptions and depressive symptoms on polycystic ovary syndrome–specific health-related quality of life
Authors: Wright Pamela J , Corbett Cynthia L , Pinto Bernardine M , Dawson Robin M , Wirth Michael D
Published: December 2021

Background:

Studies indicate that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have high depressive symptom scores and more perceived barriers than benefits to exercise, factors that may affect health-related quality-of-life. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the impact of perceived exercise benefits and barriers, exercise outcome expectations, and depressive symptoms on polycystic ovary syndrome–specific health-related quality-of-life.

Methods:

A survey link was posted on polycystic ovary syndrome Facebook groups. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( n = 935) answered questionnaires about demographics, polycystic ovary syndrome–specific health-related quality-of-life, exercise benefits and barriers, exercise outcome expectations, and depressive symptoms. Data were collected using Qualtrics, transferred to SPSS, and statistically analyzed using regression analyses. Mean responses were reported for the questionnaires, with exercise benefits and barriers means divided for a ratio.

Results:

Respondents were 32 ± 10.6 years of age, mostly White (72%), and employed full-time (65%). The total mean scores were health-related quality-of-life, 2.7 ± 0.1; exercise outcome expectation, 2.4 ± 0.8; and depressive symptoms, 12.4 ± 5.8. The benefit/barrier ratio was 0.9. HRQoL increased 0.32 points for every additional perceived exercise benefit and 0.61 points for every additional exercise outcome expectation (EOE). HRQoL was reduced by 1.19 points for every additional perceived exercise barrier and 2.82 points for every additional one-point increase of the depressive symptoms score.

Conclusions:

Respondents reported low health-related quality-of-life, greater exercise barriers than benefits, neutral exercise outcome expectations, and high depressive symptoms. These results suggest that promoting exercise benefits, overcoming exercise barriers, and addressing management of depressive symptoms are important foci of future efforts to improve health-related quality-of-life among women with polycystic ovary syndrome.