bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Approaches to Latin American History
Authors: Mörner Magnus , de Viñuela Julia Fawaz , French John D.
Published: October 2022

A little more than fifty years ago, French medievalist Marc Bloch (1928) tried to persuade his fellow historians of the importance and usefulness of the “comparative method.” Explanations, he argued, based on “those proverbs of common-sense psychology which have neither more nor less validity than their opposites” had to be replaced by causal explanations arrived at with the help of systematic comparison. In response to these exhortations, most historians, as Bloch himself noted, “express polite approval and then go back to work without changing their habits.” Nevertheless, the last decades have seen a remarkable growth in comparative studies in history as well as in the social sciences in general. Since 1959, the journalComparative Studies in Society and Historyhas played a crucial role in this regard. Yet the results of comparative historical studies have not been such as to challenge the skepticism of many historians who associate comparative approaches with facile analogies, pseudo-similarities, and questionable generalizations. Comparison too often seems to imply the sacrifice of the unique and differentiating features of each situation in the past for the sake of some broad scheme. Many historians are put off by social scientists, such as sociologist S. N. Eisenstadt (1963), whose ambitious comparative schema seem marked by typologizing with little empirical basis. To quote Bloch once more, the empirical historian will probably never become a philosopher of history or a sociologist although “he may, according to his state of mind, grant them admiration or a skeptical smile.”
The Psychosocial Costs of Development: Labor, Migration, and Stress in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: de Almeida-Filho Naomar
Published: October 2022

The social and psychological consequences of economic development have frequently been ignored in social science research in Third World countries, and most comprehensive analyses of the problem do not attach much importance to individual-level characteristics, such as the psychopathological outcomes of modernizing experiences. Migration and cultural change, which are closely related to the broader development process, traditionally have been viewed by social psychiatric research as independent variables associated with mental disorders (Murphy 1976).
Introduction
Authors: Randall Laura
Published: October 2022

The “energy crisis” has often been advanced as the most important explanation of many Latin American nations' economic and political behavior during the 1960s and 1970s. Low oil prices led Venezuela to join in founding OPEC in 1960 and to take an active role in reaching its decisions. The fear of an oil embargo in 1973–74 forced Brazil to shift to a pro-Arab foreign policy. The increased oil prices of the past decade permitted, but did not ensure, rapid growth of Latin American oil producers, and are associated with massive increases in foreign borrowing and the search for new energy sources by both oil consuming and producing nations. The expenditure of increasing shares of national income on energy production and distribution influences life styles by leaving fewer resources for other activities, and will continue to do so at least until substitutes for current energy sources become available at attractive prices.
Coping with Energy Shocks in Latin America: Three Responses
Authors: Street James H.
Published: October 2022

Economic historians are accustomed to treating 1930 as a landmark date in the development of Latin America. The onset of the Great Depression was an abrupt external shock to every country in the region, cutting off traditional export markets and making it exceedingly difficult to secure consumer goods, replacement parts, and new capital equipment in return. Many countries began experiments in national self-sufficiency, turning to policies that came to be identified, especially after World War II, as import substitution industrialization (ISI). Although these experiments were sometimes disappointing, they represented a watershed in the evolution of national economic systems.
Energy Planning in Latin America: A Brief Review of Selected Countries
Authors: Carroll T. Owen , Chatterjee Romir , Mubayi Vinod
Published: October 2022

Present conditions in the international energy market and the problems they pose for Latin America hardly need emphasis, especially the uncertainty with respect to the availability and price of specific forms like oil. These concerns are, of course, aggravated by the need to respond to the short-term severe dislocations in the energy market, while at the same time taking coherent steps toward long-term solutions of national energy problems. Indeed, how should oil importing countries offset price increases, which exacerbate national deficits and debt service; deal with inflation, which raises the cost of developing indigenous resources; and successfully increase exports, when a number of other countries around the world are pursuing similar export expansion policies? While in broad terms the international energy market imposes a set of constraints upon all Latin America, there is a wide variety of responses among the countries themselves. The oil importing countries (Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Brazil) face a set of problems different from that of more-or-less self sufficient nations (Argentina, Colombia), which is in turn quite different from the major oil exporter (Venezuela). The needs of each country are, therefore, a combination of the international context and the specific situation within a country, and this is reflected in the nature of their energy planning and policy institutions.
Policy Implementation in an Authoritarian State: A Case from Brazil
Authors: Bunker Stephen G.
Published: October 2022

The Brazilian government's plans to build the Transamazon Highway from the Atlantic coast to the Peruvian border and to settle thousands of landless peasants along it created intense debate before the project's precipitous beginning. Critics of the road “that went from nowhere to no place” denounced it as economic folly, while champions of “national integration” saw it as a crucial step toward the economic and geopolitical unification essential to Brazil's realization of its “great nation” potential and toward alleviating some of its land-tenure concentration (Tamer 1970, Pereira 1971).
Emerging Patterns of Research in the Study of Latin America
Authors: Tulchin Joseph S.
Published: October 2022

For eight years I was associated with one of the most quixotic efforts in academic publishing—a journal concerned comprehensively with research about an area of the world. I must admit that when the Latin American Research Review (LARR) was about to move to Chapel Hill, I thought the original idea that had given birth to the journal had lost its vitality. The notion of reviewing research seemed restrictive and either excessively specialized or hopelessly protean. The dramatic increase in the training of Latin Americanists and the resulting explosion of publications about the region by the end of the 1960s seemed to threaten with extinction the rara avis that had been the journal's stock in trade, the review of the literature. In 1974, when John Martz and I assumed control of LARR, it was hard to imagine anyone repeating Richard Morse's feat in the two-part article on urban studies, “Trends and Issues in Latin American Urban Research, 1965-1970” (LARR volume 6, numbers 1 and 2 [1971]). The mere suggestion of surveying the field of colonial history in three articles, as James Lockhart, Karen Spalding, and Frederick Bowser had done in 1972, would have brought an incredulous curl to the nether lip of a student of that field just two years later. The fact that we received virtually no backlog of manuscripts from our predecessors appeared symbolic of the well having run dry.
Patrons and Clients in the Bureaucracy: Career Networks In Mexico
Authors: Grindle Merilee S.
Published: October 2022

As you know, we have an institution called the sexenio when everything changes.

And we're here now for six years. You know how we all come in and get thrown out at the sexenio.

If someone has a chief who is capable and has the prospects for a good future, then that person will probably think, “Perhaps I can go with him at the sexenio”; and it happens in reverse, too, if someone has a chief who is not particularly capable but who has influential friends, some will want to follow him. There are a lot of changes and it affects our program, especially when people stop working to pursue their futures.
New Strategies for the Comparative Analysis of Latin American Politics
Authors: Schmitter Philippe C.
Published: October 2022

… We now live in an era in which it is scarcely worthwhile to lie without statistics.

Raymond Bauer

Several years ago, students of Latin American politics discovered with some alarm that the subdiscipline of comparative politics had not only been ignoring their scholarly efforts, but the area altogether. At that time the principal focus of discontent was conceptualization. Classification systems, typologies, checklists, functions and isolated concepts about the politics of transition were being derived and applied without reference to and relevance for Latin America. While the terminological estrangement has by no means ended, some reconciliation has subsequently occurred. Recent theoretical works make occasional references to the area. It has become essential for all readers or collections of essays on political development to contain at least one (often the same) article on Latin American politics. Conversely, new research in Latin America has been increasingly sensitive to approaches prevalent in the general comparative politics literature.
The Relevance of the Theory of Sectoral Clashes to the Mexican Economy
Authors: Barraza Luciano
Published: October 2022

In the first part, I will describe briefly the intuitive relevance of Professor Markos Mamalakis' “Theory of Sectoral Clashes” to the Mexican case. In part II, I will briefly comment on aspects of the theory which are relevant to empirical verification. And finally, in part III, I will attempt to derive and test some of the empirical implications of this hypothesis.
Sectoral Clashes and Political Change: The Argentine Experience
Authors: Merkx Gilbert W.
Published: October 2022

Since 1929 Argentina has undergone a remarkable series of political and economic changes. During the twenties it was a showcase of economic growth based on export expansion, as well as a model of bourgeois democracy in its parliamentary form. Yet that Argentina now lies in the distant past, and nowadays the name Argentina is likely to conjure up military coups and economic stagnation. This transformation deserves more attention than it has yet received. The question, “What went wrong in Argentina?” is as important for students of underdevelopment as is the question, “What went wrong in Germany?” for students of advanced industrialization.
A Comparative Study of Tenant Labor in Parts of Europe, Africa and Latin America 1700-1900: A Preliminary Report of a Research Project in Social History
Authors: Mörner Magnus
Published: October 2022

In Different Parts of the World, Landowners Have Sometimes Found fit to compensate labor, wholly or partially, by letting laborers have the usufruct of a small plot of land. The border between this category of labor and that of tenants is blurred, as is suggested by the English term, tenant labor (or labor tenants).
The Making of a Revolutionary: A Fidel Castro Bibliography (1947-1958)
Authors: Bonachea Rolando E. , Valdés Nelson P.
Published: October 2022

Understand the cuban revolutionary process it is Necessary to comprehend the milieu in which Fidel Castro acquired his political ideas and the manner in which he led the revolutionary struggle against the Batista regime. Recognizing these factors, the authors have prepared this bibliography in order to offer a tool for the scholarly analysis of Fidel Castro over a twelveyearperiod, from 1947 to January 1959.

Prior to 1952, writings by Fidel Castro are sketchy and hard to find. For instance, in the early 1940's, Fidel was a university leader and participated in a political group called Union Insurreccional Revolucionaria, but most of his speeches were not transcribed or recorded. Furthermore, in 1950-1951, he travelled throughout Cuba speaking on behalf of the Partido del Pueblo Cubano.Copies of the speeches were kept, but we have been unable to consult them because many were published in the Havana newspapers Aleria and La Calle, neither of which can be found in the United States.
Commentaries
Authors: Rolando Mellafe R.
Published: October 2022

Util y amena ha sido la lectura del trabajo de Jorge E. Hardoy y Carmen Aranovich, “Escalas y funciones urbanas de América Hispánica hacia 1600, Un ensayo metodológico.” Un valioso y sugestivo intento de mensurar el origen de la historia urbana del continente, por lo menos en cuanto a una caracterización de magnitudes y un delineamiento de las más importantes funciones del fenómeno urbano en América.
Trends and Issues in Latin American Urban Research, 1965-1970
Authors: Morse Richard M.
Published: October 2022

Although this paper is a sequel to an earlier review of Latin American urban research (1965b), the volume and sophistication of work in the urban field during the past five years have made it advisable to limit the number of themes addressed, to dwell on complementary or discrepant approaches to certain central issues, and to suggest comparative perspectives. The first section, restricted to Spanish America, attempts to clarify some colonial antecedents of contemporary phenomena and is even less systematic than the other four sections as a research inventory. Attention to nineteenth-century developments is limited to references in Section V. The review of contemporary themes is weighted toward anthropological, sociological, and general institutional matters; the author has no credentials for prowling the arctic realms of economics, political behaviorism, and geographic place theory.
The Current Status of Latin American Studies Programs
Authors: Needler Martin C. , Walker Thomas W.
Published: October 2022

This Study was conducted under the auspices of the Consortium of Latin American Studies Programs, the organization of institutional members of LASA. Needless to say, the conclusions expressed here are those of the authors alone, and not those of the project's sponsors. The study focuses primarily on teaching programs, and specifically on the courses announced in the college catalogues. Clearly, there are other ways of proceeding and there are other types of information about Latin American studies programs that would be of value. It should also be borne in mind that the information given in such catalogues is only an approximate description of reality. However, the subject matter covered was believed to be that of greatest interest in view of the limitations of resources and personnel available.
The African in Colonial Spanish America: Reflections on Research Achievements and Priorities
Authors: Bowser Frederick P.
Published: October 2022

In the last four decades, forces and events too obvious and too menacing for restatement here have prompted a dramatic increase in scholarly investigation of all facets of the African experience in the Western Hemisphere. The study of the black man in colonial Spanish America, which dates from the early seventeenth century, has profited as a matter of course from this development. The bibliography for the colonial period increases with every passing year, and virtually every region of Spanish America, from Hispaniola and Mexico to Argentina and Chile, is represented by at least one scholarly work. Further, continuing scholarly endeavor is certain to increase both the depth and breadth of our knowledge in the immediate future.
Research in the Spanish Borderlands: Introduction
Authors: Coker William S.
Published: October 2022

Why Should Anyone be Interested in the Spanish Borderlands of the southeastern United States during the last years of the Spanish occupation, and what has occurred that makes the area of more than passing interest at the present time ? First, this area of Spain's New World colonial empire was unique. And second, the availability of a significant amount of new source material has given rise to a healthy increase in scholarly interest and productivity during the past decade.
Research in the Spanish Borderlands: Louisiana
Authors: Holmes Jack D. L.
Published: October 2022

The Renaissance of Interest in Spanish Louisiana Over the Past Ten Years owes much to the acquisition of important document collections by such universities as Loyola in New Orleans, Northwestern of Louisiana, Tulane and Memphis State. Graduate students and scholars who lacked sufficient funds for research in Europe now find adequate materials in the United States.
Family, Kinship Structure, and Modernization in Latin America
Authors: Carlos Manuel L. , Sellers Lois
Published: October 2022

This Paper Analyzes Family and Kinship Patterns in Latin America Among distinct socio-economic groups in urban and rural settings. The literature on which the analysis restsisalso critically examined. Much of the focusison those aspects of the material which deal with extended family (parentesco) relations and with fictive kinship (compadrazgo) ties; less attention is given to studies and components of the nuclear family. The central theme developed in the essayisthat familial ties and the institution of fictive kinship are not breaking down under the impact of modernization, despite theories and interpretations of urbanization and industrialization which maintain that the opposite is true. Our position and findings on his matter are summarized in the conclusion.
The Female in Ibero-America: An Essay on Research Bibliography and Research Directions
Authors: Pescatello Ann
Published: October 2022

“Woman has always been for man the ‘other,‘ his opposite and complement.”

Scholars of Latin America Have Recently Concerned Themselves With socially-oriented studies—not merely of structures, institutions, or groups, but about the individuals who comprise those entities. Despite analyses of political and military elites, students, peasants, blacks, and immigrants, little scholarly work has been undertaken on man's “other,” the female. Only now are studies on the largest single sub-grouping in society beginning to appear, and these are primarily the work of women scholars. The undertaking is rife with problems, not the least of which is the lack of any comprehensive guide to sources or research directions. Few major subjects suffer such a lack of core bibliography, methodological apparati, or thematic models as does the subject of the female. In an attempt to redress the balance and to encourage the study of man's “opposite and complement,” I present here an essay dealing with research directions and a core of works on the female in Ibero-America.
Letter from Moscow, July 2022
Authors: Scholar Theatre
Published: October 2022

TDR’s correspondent writes about Moscow after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The city is not saturated by military symbols; the main institutions are functioning; there is no mobilization. The new cage is being built smoothly and gradually.
THE DISUNITY OF LEGAL REALITY
Authors: Plunkett David , Wodak Daniel
Published: October 2022

Take “legal reality” to be the part of reality that actual legal thought and talk is distinctively about, such as legal institutions, legal obligations, and legal norms. Our goal is to explore whether legal reality is disunified. To illustrate the issue, consider the possibility that an important metaphysical thesis such as positivism is true of one part of legal reality (legal institutions), but not another (legal norms). We offer two arguments that suggest that legal reality is disunified: one concerns the heterogeneity of different entities that are part of legal reality; the other concerns variation within legal thought and talk. We then show that taking the possibility of the disunity of legal reality seriously has important upshots for how we think about the positivist and antipositivist traditions, the debate between them, and their relation to other parts of legal theory, such as critical legal theory and legal realism.
SyConn2: dense synaptic connectivity inference for volume electron microscopy
Authors: Schubert Philipp J. , Dorkenwald Sven , Januszewski Michał , Klimesch Jonathan , Svara Fabian , Mancu Andrei , Ahmad Hashir , Fee Michale S. , Jain Viren , Kornfeld Joergen
Published: October 2022

The ability to acquire ever larger datasets of brain tissue using volume electron microscopy leads to an increasing demand for the automated extraction of connectomic information. We introduce SyConn2, an open-source connectome analysis toolkit, which works with both on-site high-performance compute environments and rentable cloud computing clusters. SyConn2 was tested on connectomic datasets with more than 10 million synapses, provides a web-based visualization interface and makes these data amenable to complex anatomical and neuronal connectivity queries.
Development of an ex-vivo porcine lower urinary tract model to evaluate the performance of urinary catheters
Authors: Tentor Fabio , Grønholt Schrøder Brit , Nielsen Simon , Schertiger Lars , Stærk Kristian , Emil Andersen Thomas , Bagi Per , Feldskov Nielsen Lene
Published: October 2022

Intermittent catheterization is the gold standard method for bladder management in individuals with urinary retention and/or incontinence. It is therefore important to understand the performance of urinary catheters, especially on parameters associated to risks of developing urinary tract infections, and that may impact the quality of life for urinary catheter users. Examples of such parameters include, urine flowrate, occurrence of flow-stops, and residual urine left in the bladder after flow-stop. Reliable in-vitro and/or ex-vivo laboratory models represent a strong asset to assess the performance of urinary catheters, preceding and guiding in-vivo animal studies and/or human clinical studies. Existing laboratory models are generally simplified, covering only portions of the catheterization process, or poorly reflect clinical procedures. In this work, we developed an ex-vivo porcine lower urinary tract model that better reflects the catheterization procedure in humans and allows to investigate the performance of standard of care catheters. The performance of three standard of care catheters was investigated in the developed model showing significant differences in terms of flowrate. No differences were detected in terms of residual volume in the bladder at first flow-stop also when tuning the abdominal pressure to mimic a sitting down and standing up position. A newly discovered phenomenon named hammering was detected and measured. Lastly, mucosal suction was observed and measured in all standard of care catheters, raising the concern for microtrauma during catheterization and a need for new and improved urinary catheter designs. Results obtained with the ex-vivo model were compared to in-vivo studies, highlighting similar concerns.
Simultaneous quantification of nicotine salts in e-liquids by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS
Authors: Han Shulei , Chen Huan , Su Yue , Cui Lili , Feng Pengxia , Fu Ya'ning , Tian Yushan , Liu Tong , Hou Hongwei , Hu Qingyuan
Published: October 2022

In this study, a novel approach is presented for the direct simultaneous determination of non-volatile and volatile nicotine salts via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).
Experimental and numerical simulation of the wall-pressure fluctuation on the isolated helicopter fuselage
Authors: Batrakov Andrei
Published: October 2022

This work is devoted to wall-pressure fluctuation analysis. The object of investigation was an isolated helicopter fuselage. Investigation was carried out by experimental and numerical methods. Numerical simulation was based on RANS and DES approaches. The experiment was carried out in a lowspeed wind tunnel with an open test section. Wall-pressure fluctuation was measurement by high-frequency pressure probes ENDEVCO 8510B-2. The experimental results were compared with both DES data and results by the semi-empirical model based on the RANS simulation. It was shown that DES modelling provides a wall-pressure spectrum for low and middle-frequency parts. For simulation high-frequency part of the spectrum, the semi-empirical model is preferable.
Direct visualization of hollow fiber membrane fouling distribution
Authors: Bílek Petr , Wicaksana Filicia
Published: October 2022

Submerged membrane bioreactor system is commonly used for water and wastewater treatment processes. This system is a more economical alternative to conventional activated sludge process due to small footprint and better effluent quality. Nevertheless, membrane fouling is a major issue that requires further studies. This paper covers the use of an optical microscope to observe membrane fouling. Bentonite was used as model particles to simulate activated sludge. In-situ observation of particle deposition along the surface of hollow fiber membranes during filtration was performed at various operating conditions. Results from this studies indicated that the flux distribution was affected by the permeate flux and cross flow velocity. Lower CFV and higher flux caused the flux to be more non-uniformly distributed due to more severe fouling. These findings provided useful information to further improve the membrane module design to achieve more evenly distributed permeate flux.
Experimental tests of the air flowing out of a swirl diffuser
Authors: Borowski Marek , Jaszczur Marek , Karch Michał , Kleszcz Sławosz
Published: October 2022

The geometry of swirl diffusers affects the shape of the air stream injected into the rooms. In this work, the air flow from the swirl diffuser was tested using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method. The presented laboratory model was a simplification of the real object and was made at a geometric scale of 1:10. The swirl diffuser was tested with two vanes settings. The measured speed fields are shown. Normalized air velocity profiles obtained at different values of volume flow were compared. This will allow better understanding of the air flow from the swirl diffusers and better shape the air flow in the ventilated rooms.
Analysis of velocity profile measurements obtained by different methods in low-speed, small-scale wind tunnel
Authors: Cejpek Ondřej , Šíp Jan , Malý Milan , Jedelský Jan , Tomáš Zdeněk
Published: October 2022

A low-speed small-scale wind tunnel was designed for spray investigation under cross and co-flow conditions. Precisely defined profiles of mean velocity and turbulent intensity in the wind tunnel test section are crucial parameters for any rigorous flow study. Different velocity measurement techniques were used to evaluate the velocity and turbulent intensity profiles in the test section. Two non-intrusive techniques, Phase-Doppler Anemometry and Laser-Doppler Anemometry (PDA, LDA), and two intrusive techniques, Constant Temperature Anemometry (CTA) and pitot static tubes of S and L-type were applied. The velocity was measured in 19 equidistantly spaced positions in a centrally placed horizontal plane. The data were obtained for four different mean velocities in the test section (7, 14, 21, 28 m/s). Results of different measurement techniques were mutually compared, and repeatabilities and uncertainties of PDA and CTA measurements were assessed. Turbulent velocity spectra measured by the CTA were analysed. The effect of declination of the pitot static tubes (L-type and S-type) was briefly discussed and compared with an industrial velocity probe QuadraTherm® 640i In-Line Mass Flow Meter with a measuring range of 5–300 m/s. Velocity and declination of pitot static tubes were analysed only in the central point of the test section. The results show that a fully turbulent and uniform flow is developed 15 mm upstream the test section area. Mean velocity and turbulent intensity profiles obtained by different techniques are in a good agreement. Uncertainties of type B of PDA and CTA measurement method are below 5%. Turbulent intensity in the main stream is under 5%. Advantages and drawbacks of the presented measurement techniques were discussed. The PDA was found to be the most suitable measurement technique due to its precision and non–intrusive flow probing.
Numerical simulation of the gas flow with radiation and heat transfer
Authors: Česenek Jan , Kyncl Martin , Pelant Jaroslav
Published: October 2022

In this article we focus on the heating of the solid body placed in the vicinity of the intense heat source. We simulate the heat transfer caused by the direct contact with surrounding heated gas. Furthermore it is necessary to take into account the heat transfer caused by the radiation, which radically affects the resulting heat flux. We work with the non-stationary viscous compressible fluid flow with additional heat sources, described by the RANS equations. The heat radiation is simulated using other supplemented equations. The heat transfer equations are solved inside the considered body.
Gnielinski’s correlation and a modern temperature-oscillation method for measuring heat transfer coefficients
Authors: Dostál Martin , Petera Karel , Solnař Stanislav
Published: October 2022

The heat transfer coeffcient is one of the most important parameters in the design of apparatuses in which convective heat transport takes place. Classical direct methods based on determining basic thermal quantities can be used for measuring heat transfer coeffcients. Another option is to measure concentrations, electric current or other quantities that can be transformed to thermal quantities using the analogy between heat and mass transport. The temperature-oscillation method is less frequently used, although the theoretical basis of the method dates back to 1997, and although the method has the major advantage that the heat transfer coeffcients can be measured without making any contact with the heat transfer surface. In the temperatureoscillation method, the heat transfer surface is exposed to an oscillating heat flux, and the temperature response on this surface can be measured by a contactless method (e.g. infra-red thermography). The heat transfercoeffcients can be determined on the basis of mathematical relations between the oscillating heat flux and the temperature response. However, the method depends on an appropriate method for processing the measured data when it is necessary to correct some conditions that are not included in the mathematical model. This paper evaluates the impact of processing the experimental data on the resulting heat transfer coeffcients in one of the basic geometrical configurations – the flow of a liquid in a pipe with a circular cross section. In this paper, we present the results of a comparison of real experiments based on the temperature oscillation method and numerical modeling of the heat transfer in this geometry, using the ANSYS CFD commercial system.
Advanced simulation of Stirling engine
Authors: Ďurčanský Peter , Lenhard Richard , Jandačka Jozef
Published: October 2022

Energy demand reaches high values with its negative impact on the environment, it presents a considerable danger. For environmental and economic reasons, the main strategic tasks in this area are associated with reducing and minimizing energy consumption. The possible solution is preceded in the development phase by the application of optimization of thermal processes using computer simulation of thermal processes of whole systems. The result is numerical model with sufficiently accurate information that help to verify the accuracy of the proposed procedures and decisions and thus contribute to the efficiency and rationalization of production. New technologies are needed to utilize and use the low potential heat, or other fuel than fossil fuels. Stirling engine, as engine with outer combustion is a possible solution.
An experimental analysis of the fluid flow on performance and frost formation in exhaust air energy recovery heat exchanger
Authors: Jaszczur Marek , Borowski Marek , Karch Michał , Kleszcz Sławosz
Published: October 2022

In the present paper, results for fluid flow, temperature and air humidity experimental measurements for innovative energy recovery counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger have been shown. For the low outdoor air temperatures case, frost formation is also observed and analysed. Base on the results of analysis the temperature, humidity and total efficiency of the exchanger are presented. The analysis showed that fluid flow rate, humidity and system efficiency significantly drop down under unfavourable conditions in the winter period when the outdoor temperature decrease below -5oC. In the present system, the heat exchanger equipped with a set of opposing air dampers can use intake air to absorb the moisture from the exhaust air. This solution has the advantage to prevent the exchanger frosting as well as melt ice layer if any growth on heat exchanger walls.
PIV methodology for small scale measurement
Authors: Kašpárek Miloš , Nováková Ludmila , Adamec Josef
Published: October 2022

Measurement of velocity fields by PIV method is often limited by the scale of the measured model. This is doubly true for the stereo PIV method. Problems of measurement in small (but still macroscopic) scales are associated with optical distortions in the optical path of the camera. Additionally, there is a calibration problem for stereo PIV. Therefore, this paper is devoted to the description of PIV methodology for measurement in small geometrical scales. The idealized transparent model of hemodialysis vascular access was used in this paper. This model had realistic vascular access dimensions (6 mm in diameter). A special working blood-mimicking fluid (BMF) was mixed with a refractive index matching that of the model. The refraction and distortion of light passing through the interface between the model and the fluid was so small, that it was possible to calibrate the stereo PIV outside the measured model. The accuracy of this calibration is discussed and verified by measuring the velocity field on a straight section of the vascular access model for laminar flow.
An experimental investigation of the thermal efficiency and pressure drop for counterflow heat exchangers intended for recuperator
Authors: Kleszcz Sławosz , Mazur Piotr , Zych Marcin , Jaszczur Marek
Published: October 2022

Ventilation systems are responsible for a large part of total energy consumption in operated buildings. The possibility of significant energy savings has been noticed when using mechanical ventilation. In order to decrease energy consumption, devices called recuperators are used and their main element responsible for heat recovery is the heat exchanger. In this work, thermal efficiency and pressure drop at individual heat exchangers designed for recuperators were examined. The results of the analysis and the influence of parameters on the device operation are presented. Finally, the thermal efficiency of the entire unit was evaluated. The results were compared and the phenomena occurring in the device itself affecting the differences in calculated efficiency were described.
Quarter wavelength resonator in experiment and simulation
Authors: Kůrečka Jan , Čepl Ondřej , Habán Vladimír
Published: October 2022

Quarter wavelength resonator provides a mean to create a pressure drop at a specified frequency. Design of hollow cylinder connected radially to a pipe was used and different lengths of this tuned resonator were measured. Correlation with computational approach using finite element method analysis (FEM) with ANSYS acoustics capabilities was achieved. Analytical formula for a length of a quarter wavelength resonator is compared to an experimental measurement data and simulation.
Multiphase numerical analysis of the vortex formation near the suction of the vertically mounted axial-flow pump with influence of the free water level
Authors: Moravec Prokop , Zavadil Lukáš , Stareček Jakub , Krátký Tomáš , Sedlář Milan
Published: October 2022

Presented paper deals with the numerical investigation of a flow in a complete hydraulic system of a pump station. The station uses a recently developed high-efficiency axial-flow pump with the specific speed ns=680 min-1. The pump is vertically mounted in the suction object with the free water level and equipped with the suction bell and the suction cone with one rib. For the numerical simulations, the lowest possible water level is considered. Such scenario is the most limiting for the pump station design and need to be analysed properly. The unsteady multiphase numerical simulations were focused on the creation of the complex vortical structures at the suction part of the mentioned axial-flow pump. This phenomenon strongly influences the pump performance (hydraulic efficiency, delivery and suction head, etc.) and operation (especially the vibrations and noise) characteristics. The unsteady flows inside the investigated domains are simulated using Ansys Fluent with appropriate solver settings. The Scale Resolving Simulations (SRS) are used to model large vortices and the interaction between stationary and rotating parts.
Validation of a simplified AQUATOX model to assess quality status of a model river in Sardinia
Authors: Salvadori Luca , Moccia Davide , Melis Laura , Folegnani Giulia , Pusceddu Antonio , Carucci Alessandra , Ferrari Simone
Published: October 2022

In the framework of the periodic update of the Sardinian River Basin Management and Water Protection Plans (Italian Law 152/2006, transposition of the 2000/60/EC Directive), we investigated the AQUATOX model feasibility as a tool for assessing the relationships between Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses (DPSIR scheme). To do this, we applied the AQUATOX model to forecast the response of a Sardinian (Italy) river quality status to a set of different environmental perturbations, including nutrient load and water flow variations. The final aim of this work is to study a feasible model, based on a DPSIR scheme, for identifying the necessary and sustainable measures to tackle the criticalities resulting from a set of known environmental perturbations on Sardinian rivers.
Modelling of multiphase solid-liquid laminar flow with non-Newtonian carrier in pipelines using a layered model
Authors: Svoboda Lukáš , Kesely Mikoláš
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses two-phase laminar flows of mixtures of solids in non-Newtonian carrier consisting of spherical particles in a 50-mm pipe at the Czech Technical University in Prague. Special attention is paid to the frictional head loss and thickness of transport layers. For the prediction of various transport characteristics, a layered model is used. Suitability of the layered model to predict the transport characteristics is investigated. Prediction results are compared to own experimental data.
Nicht-kleinzellige operable Bronchialkarzinome
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: October 2022

Nur 18 % der Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen (NSCLC) befinden sich bei der Erstdiagnose in einem so frühen Stadium, dass in kurativer Intention operiert werden kann. Doch auch wenn dies möglich ist, erleiden viele Patienten postoperative Rezidive. Die Identifizierung von Betroffenen, die von einer adjuvanten Therapie und einem intensivierten Monitoring profitieren könnten, ist daher essenziell. Eine Arbeitsgruppe überprüfte die Vorhersagekraft des individuellen Autoantikörperprofils und verglich die Validität von 3 Immunom-Panels.
Mannose-enthaltende Nahrungsergänzungsmittel – wie
sieht die Qualitätssituation aus?
Authors: Lechtenberg Matthias , Quandt-Rusch Bettina , Hensel Andreas
Published: October 2022

Unkomplizierte Harnwegsinfektionen gehören zu den am häufigsten
vorkommenden Infekten und betreffen einen großen Teil der
Bevölkerung. Neben der antibiotischen und/oder
phytotherapeutischen Behandlung wird häufig D-Mannose eingesetzt, dies
auch im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Rezidivprophylaxe. D-Mannose
interagiert mit einem Mannose-bindenden Protein (FimH) der Fimbrien
uropathogener E. coli und blockiert damit die Interaktion und
Adhäsion des Bakteriums mit der humanen Wirtszelle. Zurzeit bestehen
keine Arzneimittelzulassungen für D-Mannose. Im Markt verfügbare
Präparate werden den beiden Produktsegmenten
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel (NEM) oder Medizinprodukte zugeordnet.

Da NEM im Rahmen verschiedener analytischer Prüfungen teilweise deutliche
Qualitätsmängel aufwiesen, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein
repräsentativer Querschnitt an Mannose-Präparaten des Handels
untersucht. Der D-Mannose-Gehalt wurde mit einer spezifischen
chromatographischen Methode (HPLC-IEC-PAD) untersucht. Erfreulicherweise
erwiesen sich alle Untersuchungsmuster als spezifikationsgerecht.
Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen – PSSM beim
Pferd
Authors: Börner Doris
Published: October 2022

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) ist eine genetisch bedingte
Speicherkrankheit, die bei Pferden unterschiedlicher Rassen auftreten kann.
Diese Erkrankung kann je nach Form mit sehr unterschiedlichen Symptomen
einhergehen. Sie ist nicht heilbar, lässt sich aber durch ein
angepasstes Fütterungs- und Trainingsregime managen. Wie erkennt man
PSSM? Welche diagnostischen Möglichkeiten gibt es zur Unterscheidung von
PSSM1 und PSSM2? Und wie kann man die Symptome abmildern?
Phytotherapeutika zur Behandlung von vasomotorischen Symptomen im
Klimakterium
Authors: Zeun Susan
Published: October 2022

Vasomotorische Symptome treten in der Peri- und Postmenopause auf und sind eines
der Hauptsymptome der Wechseljahre, weshalb Frauen Hilfe suchen. Es gibt
zahlreiche phytotherapeutische Möglichkeiten, diese Beschwerden zu
behandeln. In Abhängigkeit von Begleitsymptomen (Unruhe,
Schlaflosigkeit, depressive Verstimmungen) und dem zeitlichen Auftreten bzgl.
des reproduktiven Zyklus der Betroffenen ist eine individuelle Behandlung
möglich.
Geschichte der Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie im Klinikum Spandau
Authors: Harth Wolfgang , Albrecht Gisela
Published: October 2022

Der Artikel beschreibt die Historie der renommierten Hautklinik in Spandau, die heute zum Vivantes Netzwerk gehört. Die bewegte Geschichte ist nur in enger Verknüpfung mit den historischen Abläufen sowie charakterstarken dermatologischen Chefärztinnen und Chefärzten zu verstehen. Die Autoren möchten Sie mit auf eine Zeitreise der Veränderungen und individuellen Lebensläufe der dermatologischen Protagonisten nehmen, immer getragen von dem leidenschaftlichen Engagement der Hauptdarsteller und der Faszination am wunderschönen Fachgebiet Dermatologie.
Hybridtumor eines Riesenzellfibroblastoms und eines Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Boede Marcel , Tillig Bernd , Zimmermann Ulrike , Guski Silja , Hillen Uwe
Published: October 2022

Wir berichten über ein zum Zeitpunkt der Erstmanifestation 10 Monate altes Kind mit einem Hybridtumor aus Riesenzellfibroblastom (RZFB) und Dermatofibrosarkoma protuberans (DFSP). Das RZFB ist ein seltener Tumor, der mit dem DFSP die Translokation (t17;22) (q22;13) und immunphänotypische Eigenschaften teilt und daher von seinen Erstbeschreibern als kindliche Form des DFSP eingeordnet wurde. Das RZFB hat mit einer Kombination aus Spindelzellproliferaten, häufig hypozellulären Arealen mit kollagenfaserreichem oder myxoidem Stroma, sinusoid-artigen pseudovaskulären Aufweitungen zwischen den Kollagenfasern, die von multinukleären Riesenzellen umsäumt werden, jedoch ein ihm eigenes histologisches Bild. Das RZFB, das sich klinisch als langsam wachsende, i.d.R. schmerzlose Schwellung manifestiert, tritt präferentiell im Kindesalter auf. Das mittlere Erkrankungsalter liegt bei 6 Jahren. Die Therapie der Wahl ist die Exzision mit einem ausreichenden Sicherheitsabstand. Unsere junge Patientin zeigt ein Jahr nach Exzision mit 2 cm Sicherheitsabstand einen rezidivfreien Verlauf.
Keratosis pilaris-artige Mycosis fungoides bei einem Kind
Authors: Boede Marcel , Gellrich Sylke , Hillen Uwe
Published: October 2022

Die Mycosis fungoides (MF) im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist selten und macht 0,5–7% der MF-Fälle aus. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind häufiger MF-Varianten als die klassische MF zu beobachten. Wir berichten über einen 11 Jahre alten Jungen mit einer Keratosis pilaris-artigen MF (KPMF). Die KPMF ist eine seltene Manifestation der follikulotropen MF, die sich mit umschriebenen follikulären Papeln mit spikeartigen Hyperkeratosen darstellt, ggf. begleitet von mildem Juckreiz. Da die Läsionen sehr unscheinbar sein können, wird die Diagnose einer MF oft zunächst nicht in Betracht gezogen, sondern an eine Keratosis pilaris, einen Lichen spinulosus, Lichen planopilaris oder multiple filiforme Hyperkeratosen gedacht. Unter Therapie mit topischen Glukokortikoiden in Kombination mit einer Creme-PUVA-Therapie konnte bei unserem Patienten eine vollständige Remission erreicht werden. In nunmehr 3 Jahren nach Erstdiagnose traten mehrfach Rezidive auf, die jeweils mit hautgerichteter Therapie in komplette Remission gebracht werden konnten.
Neu diagnostiziertes Multiples Myelom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: October 2022

Auf dem ASCO 2022 wurde der klinische Stellenwert der autologen Stammzelltransplantation (ASZT) beim neu diagnostizierten Multiplen Myelom diskutiert. Neue Triplettregime haben sich in der Induktion mit hohen Raten tiefer Remissionen und anhaltendem klinischem Benefit als sehr wirksam erwiesen, ebenso die Kombination mit einer langfristigen Lenalidomid-Erhaltungstherapie. Wann ist also eine ASZT noch indiziert?
Fortgeschrittenes Gallengangskarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: October 2022

Bei Patienten mit intrahepatischen Gallengangskarzinomen mit Fusionen oder Rearrangements im Gen des Fibroblast Growth Factors 2 (FGFR2) hat sich eine präzisionsmedizinische Therapieoption bewährt: Der Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitor (TKI) Futibatinib führt in diesem molekular definierten Kollektiv zu einer hohen Ansprechrate von über 40 %.
Frühes Kolonkarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: October 2022

Die Durchführung einer Flüssigbiopsie zum Nachweis zirkulierender Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) im Blut hilft bei operierten Patienten mit Kolonkarzinomen im Stadium II bei der Indikationsstellung zur adjuvanten Chemotherapie.
Monitoring bei aggressiver Chemotherapie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: October 2022

Die Behandlungskonzepte haben sich besonders in der Hämatologie stark diversifiziert, damit aber auch die Bandbreite unerwünschter Ereignisse mit einem hohen Risiko für schwere Komplikationen. Fast jeder Patient hat während der Therapie Probleme, die ein Follow-up erfordern. In der Studie ermöglichte ein am Oberarm getragenes Wearable die kontinuierliche Aufzeichnung von Vitalzeichen und körperlicher Aktivität. Damit könnten in Zukunft Abweichungen früh erkannt und Symptome eingeordnet werden.
Post-release survivorship of 18 years in a hand-reared grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) revealed by a metal identification band
Authors: Mo Matthew , Cross Stephen , Boyd Keely
Published: October 2022

An understanding of the factors associated with post-release survivorship in rehabilitated animals is instrumental for evaluating best-practice rehabilitation and release methods to ultimately achieve optimal conservation outcomes. However, there is almost nothing reported in the scientific literature concerning post-release survivorship in hand-reared flying-foxes, with the only published study to date suggesting that hand-reared flying-foxes have significantly reduced mean longevity following release. We report a case of a hand-reared grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) that was fitted with a metal identification band when it was released in 2004 and recovered alive in 2022. This information provides clear evidence of this individual having post-release survivorship of 18 years. The distance between the release and recovery locations was approximately 297 km, corresponding with the species’ known nomadism. Based on the current scientific information on longevity in the grey-headed flying-fox, this individual would be considered an old animal.