bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Laser-Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence instrument for the detection of nitrous acid and hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere
Authors: Bottorff Brandon , Reidy Emily , Mielke Levi , Dusanter Sebastien , Stevens Philip
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A new instrument for the measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) has been developed using laser photofragmentation (LP) of HONO at 355 nm after expansion into a low-pressure cell, followed by resonant laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the resulting OH radical fragment at 308 nm similar to the fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique (FAGE). The LP/LIF instrument is calibrated by determining the photo-fragmentation efficiency of HONO. In this method, a known concentration of OH from the photo-dissociation of water vapor is titrated with nitric oxide to produce a known concentration of HONO. Measurement of the concentration of the OH radical fragment relative to the concentration of HONO provides a measurement of the photo-fragmentation efficiency. The LP/LIF instrument has demonstrated a 1σ detection limit of 9 ppt for a 10-min integration time. Ambient measurements of HONO and OH from a forested environment and an urban setting are presented along with indoor measurements to demonstrate the performance of the instrument.
Controlling water infrastructure and codifying water knowledge: institutional responses to severe drought in Barcelona (1620–1650)
Authors: Gorostiza Santiago , Martí Escayol Maria Antònia , Barriendos Mariano
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Combining historical climatology and environmental history, this
article examines the diverse range of strategies deployed by the city
government of Barcelona (Catalonia, NE Spain) to confront the recurrent
drought episodes experienced between 1626 and 1650. Our reconstruction of
drought in Barcelona for the period 1525–1821, based on pro pluvia rogations as
documentary proxy data, identifies the years 1626–1635 and the 1640s as the most
significant drought events of the series (highest drought frequency weighted
index and drought duration index). We then focus on the period 1601–1650,
providing a timeline that visualises rain rogation levels in Barcelona at a
monthly resolution. Against this backdrop, we examine institutional
responses to drought and discuss how water scarcity was perceived and
confronted by Barcelona city authorities. Among the several measures
implemented, we present the ambitious water supply projects launched by the
city government, together with the construction of windmills as an
alternative to watermills, as a diversification strategy aimed at coping
better with diminishing water flows. We pay special attention to the
institutional efforts to codify the knowledge about Barcelona's water
supply, which in 1650 resulted in the Book of Fountains of the City of
Barcelona (Llibre de les Fonts de la Ciutat de Barcelona). This manual of urban water supply, written by the city water
officer after 3 decades of experience in his post, constitutes a rare
and valuable source to study water management history but also includes
significant information to interpret historical climate. We analyse the
production of this manual in the context of 3 decades marked by
recurrent episodes of severe drought. We interpret the city government
aspiration to codify knowledge about urban water supply as an attempt to
systematise and store historical information on infrastructure to improve
institutional capacities to cope with future water scarcities.
A model for marine sedimentary carbonate diagenesis and paleoclimate proxy signal tracking: IMP v0.9
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshiki , Hülse Dominik , Kirtland Turner Sandra , Ridgwell Andy
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The preservation of calcium carbonate in marine sediments is central to controlling the alkalinity balance of the ocean and hence the ocean-atmosphere partitioning of CO2. To successfully address carbon cycle-climate dynamics on geologic (>> 1 kyr) time-scales, Earth system models then require an appropriate representation of the primary controls on CaCO3 preservation. At the same time, marine sedimentary carbonates represent a major archive of Earth history, as they have the potential to preserve how seawater chemistry, and isotopic composition, and even properties of planktic and benthic ecosystems, change with time. However, changes in preservation and even chemical erosion of previously deposited CaCO3, together with the biogenic reworking of upper portions of sediments whereby sediment particles are translocated both locally and non-locally between different depths in the sediments, all act to distort the recorded signal. Numerical models can aid in recovering what the “true” environmental changes might have been, but only if they appropriately account for these processes. Building on a classical 1-D reaction-transport framework, we present a new diagenetic model – IMP – that simulates biogeochemical transformations in carbonate-hosted proxy signals by allowing for populations of solid carbonate particles to possess different physicochemical characteristics such as isotopic value, solubility, and particle size. The model also utilizes a variable transition matrix to implement different styles of bioturbation. We illustrate the utility of the model for deciphering past environmental changes using several hypothesized transitions of seawater proxies obscured by sediment mixing and chemical erosion. To facilitate the use of IMP, we provide the model in FORTRAN, MATLAB, and Python versions. We described IMP with integration into Earth system models in mind, and present the description of this coupling of IMP with the “cGENIE.muffin” model in a subsequent paper.
Building a machine learning surrogate model for wildfire activities within a global earth system model
Authors: Zhu Qing , Li Fa , Riley William J. , Xu Li , Zhao Lei , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Wu Huayi , Gong Jianya , Randerson James T.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Wildfire is an important ecosystem process, influencing land biogeophysical and biogeochemical dynamics and atmospheric composition. Fire-driven loss of vegetation cover, for example, directly modifies the surface energy budget as a consequence of changing albedo, surface roughness, and partitioning of sensible and latent heat fluxes. Carbon dioxide and methane emitted by fires contribute to a positive atmospheric forcing, whereas emissions of carbonaceous aerosols may contribute to surface cooling. Process-based modeling of wildfires in earth system land models is challenging due to limited understanding of human, climate, and ecosystem controls on fire number, fire size, and burned area. Integration of mechanistic wildfire models within Earth system models requires careful parameter calibration, which is computationally expensive and subject to equifinality. To explore alternative approaches, we present a deep neural network (DNN) scheme that surrogates the process-based wildfire model within the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The DNN wildfire model accurately simulates the observed burned area with over 90 % higher accuracy with a large reduction in parameterization time compared with the current process-based wildfire model. The surrogate wildfire model successfully captured global dynamics of wildfire burned areas between years 2011 and 2015 (R2 = 0.93). Since the DNN wildfire model has the same input and output requirements as the E3SM process-based wildfire model, our results demonstrate the applicability of machine learning for high accuracy and efficient large-scale land model development and predictions.
The value of satellite soil moisture and snow cover data for the transfer of hydrological model parameters to ungauged sites
Authors: Tong Rui , Parajka Juraj , Széles Borbála , Pfeil Isabella , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Komma Jürgen , Valent Peter , Blöschl Günter
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The recent advances in remote sensing provide opportunities for more reliably estimating the parameters of conceptual hydrologic models. However, the question of whether and to what extent the use of satellite data in model calibration may assist in transferring model parameters to ungauged catchments has not been fully resolved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of different methods for transferring model parameters obtained by multiple objective calibrations to ungauged sites and to assess the model performance in terms of runoff, soil moisture, and snow cover predictions relative to existing regionalization approaches. The model parameters are calibrated to daily runoff, satellite soil moisture (ASCAT), and snow cover (MODIS) data. The assessment is based on 213 catchments situated in different physiographic and climate zones of Austria. For the transfer of model parameters, eight methods (global and local variants of arithmetic mean, regression, spatial proximity, and similarity) are examined in two periods, i.e., the period in which the model is calibrated (2000–2010) and an independent validation period (2010–2014). The predictive accuracy is evaluated by leave-one-out cross-validation. The results show that the method by which the model is calibrated in the gauged catchment has a larger impact on runoff prediction accuracy in the ungauged catchments than the choice of the parameter transfer method. The best transfer methods are global and local similarity and the kriging approach. The performance of the transfer methods differs between lowland and alpine catchments. While the soil moisture and snow cover prediction efficiencies are higher in lowland catchments, the runoff prediction efficiency is higher in alpine catchments. A comparison of model transfer methods based on parameters calibrated to runoff, snow cover, and soil moisture with those based on parameters calibrated to runoff only indicates that the former outperforms the latter in terms of simulating soil moisture and snow cover. The performance of simulating runoff is similar, and the accuracy depends mainly on the weight given to the runoff objective in the multiple objective calibrations.
The inference of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea from data acquired by underwater gliders
Authors: Ma Wei , Zhang Hongwei , Luo Chenyi , Wang Yanhui , Song Yang
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are typical large-amplitude nonlinear waves occurring in stratified oceans. The in situ observations of ISWs are needed to improve the regimes of nonlinear internal wave theories. There is violent mixing of water mass in the horizontal and vertical directions during the propagation of ISWs, which generally lasts for a short period at a fixed position. However, an underwater glider, with the features of low-speed and sawtooth motion, cannot obtain a complete thermohaline stratification before and after the ISWs arrival. Those thermohaline data collected in situ by gliders, which vary synchronously at spatial-temporal scales, raise challenges for identifying the ISWs. Four Petrel-II gliders are deployed in the active region of ISWs in the South China Sea. This paper estimates vertical water velocity from glider flight data and kinematic model, analyzes the sensitivity of parameters in the glider kinematic model, and adopts a standard nonlinear search method to calibrate the parameters insensitive to the vertical velocity. The depth-keeping experiment is performed to verify the effectiveness of the optimized results. The standard deviation of vertical water velocity in the eastern Dongsha Atoll is revealed, and its distribution indirectly reflects that the strength of vertical water activity increases gradually at the same latitude along the east-west direction. Using observations of vertical water velocity fluctuations and isothermal surface vertical displacements, single- and multiple-wave packets can be identified. The availability of this method is tested by comparison with a MODIS image. Such an analysis provides a basis for the application of glider in the observation of ISWs.
Reducing cost uncertainty in the drivetrain design decision with a focus on the operational phase
Authors: Harzendorf Freia , Schelenz Ralf , Jacobs Georg
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In order to identify holistically better drivetrain concepts for onshore wind turbine
application, their operational behavior needs to be considered in an early
design phase. In this paper, a validated approach for estimating drivetrain-concept-specific unplanned operational effort and risk based on open-access
data is presented. Uncertain influencing factors are described with
distribution functions. This way, the poor data availability in the early
design phase can be used to give an indication of the concept's choice
influence on the unplanned operational wind turbine behavior. In order to obtain
representative comparisons, a Monte Carlo method is applied. Technical
availability and drivetrain-influenced unplanned operational effort are
defined as evaluation criteria. The latter is constituted by labor,
material and equipment expenses. By calculating the range of fluctuation in
the evaluation criteria mean values, this approach offers an indication
of the inherent risk in the operational phase induced by the drivetrain
concept choice. This approach demonstrates that open-access data or expert estimations are
sufficient for comparing different drivetrain concepts over the operational
phase in an early design stage when using the right methodology. The
approach is applied on the five most common state-of-the-art drivetrain
concepts. The comparison shows that among those concepts the drivetrain
concept without a gearbox and with a permanent magnet synchronous generator
performs the best in terms of absolute drivetrain-influenced unplanned
operational effort over the drivetrain's lifetime as well as in terms of the inherent risk for the
assumptions made. It furthermore makes it possible to give insights into how
the different drivetrain concepts might perform in future applications in
terms of unplanned operational effort. Exemplarily the impacts of higher torque
density in gearboxes, a change to moment bearings and adjusted coil design
in electrically excited generators have been analyzed. This analysis shows that the
superiority of synchronous-generator concepts manifested in historic data is
not entirely certain in future applications. Concluding, this approach will
help to identify holistically better wind turbine drivetrain concepts by being able to
estimate the inherent risks and effort in the operational phase.
Some New Results in the Group-theoretical Description of the Radiation Transfer
Authors: Nikoghossian A.
Published: April 2021

The paper presents some new results of investigation developing the approach aimed at applying the group theory methods to radiation transfer problems. It consists of two separate parts. In the first part we derive new properties of supersymmetry of fundamental supermatrices - representations of composition and translation groups. It is shown that these supermatrices, which determine the layers adding to the two opposite boundaries of inhomogeneous medium, are connected with each other by the procedure of parity transposition. It is also demonstrated that, by analogy with the common second order matrices, the considered supermatrices can be factorized yielding the product of triangular supermatrices. The second part generalizes and applies the concept of composition groups to the case of media with spherical symmetry.
Distribution of Elements Inside Stars
Authors: Alecian G.
Published: April 2021

The chemical composition measured in stellar atmospheres is not necessarily the same as in deeper layers (outside the core). Indeed, for a significant fraction of main-sequence G to B types stars the discrepancies between superficial and internal abundances go from a few percent (for the coldest of these stars) to huge factors (for hot chemically peculiar stars). This is due to atomic diffusion process, which may produces elements segregation at some stages of the stellar evolution.
TUIMP: The Universe In My Pocket. Free astronomy booklets in all languages
Authors: Stasinska G.
Published: April 2021

TUIMP (www.tuimp.org) is an international project to produce little astronomy booklets. These booklets, folded from just one sheet of paper, can be used in classrooms, at open public conferences, or during visits of observatories and planetariums. They are free to download from the internet, the only thing which is needed is a color printer (in absence of a printer, the booklets can also be directly consulted on line, even with just a mobile phone). The booklets are intended for children from nine years old and for anyone curious of astronomy. They are written in a simple language, amply illustrated, revised and translated by professional astronomers. So far, they are being published in six languages, others languages are to come. Everyone is invited to download the booklets and use them in their outreach activities.
STEAM Education Using Design Thinking Process Through Virtual Communities of Practice (STEAM-DT-VCoPs)
Authors: Jantakun Thiti , Jantakun Kitsadaporn , Jantakoon Thada
Published: April 2021

These objectives of the study are 1) to design STEAM education using Design Thinking Process through Virtual Communities of Practice (STEAM-DT-VCoPs), and 2) to evaluate the designed STEAM-DT-VCoPs. It divides the research procedures into two phases. The first phase is to design STEAM-DT-VCoPs, and the second phase is to evaluate the STEAM-DT-VCoPs. The sample group of this study comprises fourteen experts selected by purposive sampling. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation analyzed data. The research findings are: 1) The STEAM-DT-VCoPs comprise three steps are 1.1) the role of virtual communities of STEAM practice 1.2) Design Thinking Process through Virtual Communities of Practice, and 1.3) the various disciplines in STEAM education. 2) The experts agree that STEAM-DT-VCoPs is the highest level of appropriateness.
Medicinal plants of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) with antifungal potential
Authors: Maciel Mônica Jachetti , Rempel Claudete , Stroher Amanda Luisa , Bergmann Patrícia Caye , Marmitt Diorge Jônatas
Published: April 2021

Medicinal plants synthesize various secondary metabolites that can be used for therapeutic and antimicrobial purposes. In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS) offers several herbal medicines as an alternative in the treatment of various diseases. Considering the importance of these plants in the production of chemicals that expand therapeutic options and improve the health of SUS users, this review was carried out to quantitatively determine the antifungal activity of plants used as phytotherapeutics at RENAME. The selection of papers was performed at three distinct stages: examining and choosing titles related to antifungal action, reading the abstracts, and reading the whole selected articles. This review selected 22 studies of interest; 12 of them were conducted in Brazil and 10 were carried out in other countries. The papers chosen tested the growth inhibitory effect of plants against fungal species of agricultural and health importance, ranging from filamentous to yeast-like fungi, and Candida albicans was the most tested species. The growth of 39 fungal species were inhibited by some concentration of the extract used, with either an increase or decrease in antifungal activity depending on the extract used. The most frequently analyzed plant was the species Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi., studied in seven papers. The results found demonstrate the importance of analyzing medicinal plants and incorporating plant-based medicines in healthcare as an alternative source of treatment, highlighting the need for studies that evaluate the mechanisms action of their cytotoxicity and therapeutic effects in the human body.
SENTIMENTOS DE MULHERES ADVINDOS DA EXPERIÊNCIA EM UM PROCESSO DE ABORTAMENTO
Authors: Santos Rafael De Castro , Viana Magda Rogéria Pereira , Amorim Fernanda Cláudia Miranda , Rêgo Neta Marly Marques , Sousa Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa , Silva Fabiana Da Conceição
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: conhecer os sentimentos advindos da experiência de mulheres em um processo de abortamento.Método: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em uma maternidade pública de Teresina-PI, entre agosto e setembro de 2018. Participaram 14 mulheres que passaram por abortamento. As categorias emergiram da análise de conteúdo temática.Resultados: sentimentos surgiram diante da descoberta da gravidez, como a surpresa e o susto por não saberem da gestação até o momento do abortamento. O processo de abortamento trouxe reflexões sobre a situação em que se encontravam. Identificou-se sentimentos como tristeza, medo, desespero, impotência e angústia, além de desconfortos físicos. A pretensão de não engravidarnovamente e o desejo de realizar o procedimento de laqueadura foi justificado por estarem desesperançosas e com medo dessa situação se repetir.Conclusão: conheceram-se sentimentos que mostram que o processo de abortamento é uma vivência complexa e ao mesmo tempo marcada por conflitos psicológicos, caracterizando um evento completamente traumatizante.
Trauma-informed knowledge, awareness, practice, competence and confidence of rural health staff: A descriptive study
Authors: Ervin Kaye , Reid Carol , Podubinski Tegan , Phillips Jacquie
Published: April 2021

Background and objective: By adopting a trauma-informed approach to care at the organisational and clinical levels, health care systems and providers can enhance the quality of care that they deliver and improve health outcomes for individuals with a trauma history. This study aimed to explore the trauma-related knowledge, attitudes awareness, practice, competence and confidence of health service staff from three small rural health services in Victoria, Australia, and examine their self-reported capacity to respond to clients with a trauma history.Methods: Staff from each site were invited to complete a paper-based survey. The survey included demographic information and questions related to knowledge and understanding of trauma, experience of trauma-informed care and confidence engaging in, and perceived importance of, trauma-informed practices. Results: The respondents were predominately nurses. Results showed that 16% of respondents had undertaken training in trauma-informed care and 44% disagreed that they had an understanding of trauma-informed practices. There were high levels of agreement for statements related to knowledge and understanding of trauma and low levels of agreement with statements related to experience of trauma-informed care. More than 70% of respondents reported that they had little knowledge of the principals of trauma-informed care, and little experiencing with practicing trauma-informed care.Discussion and conclusions: Overall, the survey results showed that staff were trauma-aware, but supported the need for more education and training in trauma-informed practices and improved organisational approaches to support trauma-informed approaches. It is important for organisations to shift from being trauma aware to being trauma-informed, by building foundational awareness of these practices and reinforcement through continuing education.
Tenderness-related index and proteolytic enzyme response to the marination of spent hen breast by a protease extracted from Cordyceps militaris mushroom
Authors: Barido Farouq Heidar , Lee Sung Ki
Published: April 2021

Objective: The effects of a crude protease extracted from Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushrooms on the postmortem tenderization mechanism and quality improvement in spent hen breast were investigated.Methods: Different percentages of the crude protease extracted from CM mushrooms were introduced to spent hen breast via spray marination, and its effects on tenderness-related indexes and proteolytic enzymes were compared to papain.Results: The results indicated that there was a possible improvement by the protease extracted from CM mushroom through the upregulation of endogenous proteolytic enzymes involved in the calpain system, cathepsin-B, and caspase-3 coupled with its nucleotide-specific impact. However, the effect of the protease extracted from CM mushroom was likely dose-dependent, with significant improvements at a minimum level of 4%. Marination with the protease extracted from CM mushroom at this level led to increased protein solubility and an increased myofibrillar fragmentation index. The sarcoplasmic protein and collagen contents seemed to be less affected by the protease extracted from CM mushroom, indicating that substrate hydrolysis was limited to myofibrillar protein. Furthermore the protease extracted from CM mushroom intensified meat product taste due to increasing the inosinic acid content, a highly effective salt that provides umami taste.Conclusion: The synergistic results of the proteolytic activity and nucleotide-specific effects following treatments suggest that the exogenous protease derived from CM mushroom has the potential for improving the texture of spent hen breast.
The Culture of Political Despair
Authors: Dubnov Arie M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Reflections on Seyla Benhabib’s a. Exile, Statelessness, and Migration: Playing Chess with History from Hannah Arendt to Isaiah Berlin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.
Interactive forms of preservation of cultural memory (on the example of historical reconstruction in the Northwest Russia
Authors: Nikiforova Anastasiia Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

This article examines the process of preservation of cultural heritage through interactive forms of historical reconstruction. The author reviews such relatively new for Russia phenomena as military-historical clubs, ethnic parks, thematic tourism zones, private museums and ethnographic collections, which familiarize with the history of our homeland in an interactive form. The active engagement of visitors and members of the club into the process of reconstruction of lifestyle and military traditions of previous generations is like being a participant of the restored history, which is more comprehensible than the textbook or exhibited artifacts, and thus arouses more emotional response  and forms a respectful and patriotic attitude towards the native country. It is established that ethnic parks, thematic tourism zones, private museums, houses of ethnography, created by the efforts of enthusiasts do not often become the object of scientific interest, at times receiving contempt from the professional scientific community. However, the practice demonstrates that historical reconstruction draws more citizen’ attention than the traditional museum. Such situation requires examination and defines its novelty. The result of research consists in the creation of value-oriented classification of historical reconstruction organizations, as well as in assumption that from the visitor’s or participant’s perspective the leading role in historical reconstruction is not so much the accuracy (with a certain degree of fiction), but the creation of a holistic image of living history, filled with the value meaning of the bygone era.
Analysis of creation of the mechanism of resolution of disputes within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Wang Chensheng , Wang Shuchun' , Salikhov Gafur Gubaevich
Published: April 2021

The object of this research is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). In 2017 India and Pakistan were admitted to the SCO, which resulted in its territorial, economic, geopolitical, and legal expansion. Expansion of the SCO increased disputes between the member-states, and there is yet no well-developed mechanism for their resolution. The subject of this research is the disputes between the SCO countries. Member-states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, considering the peculiarities of universal approaches towards dispute resolution on the international level, developed sufficient flexibility in selection of political, international arbitration approaches towards solution of the arising problems. The author explores the confrontation between the member-states in the questions related to their territorial integrity and sovereignty. Special attention is turned to the border conflicts between China, India, and Pakistan. From the theoretical perspective of further development of the mechanisms for dispute resolution within the SCO, the author reviews the “tree-pronged” mechanism for dispute resolution, which path goes through certain stages of the process. This process involves the creation of effective internal mechanisms for dispute prevention, control, and settlement. The conclusion is made that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed legal approaches towards resolution of internal problems. The author's special contribution consists in outlining the peculiarities of general approaches towards dispute settlement on the international level, as well as in indicating sufficient flexibility in selection of political, international approaches towards solution of the arising disputes. The novelty of this article lies in the proposal to create a “three-pronged” mechanism for dispute settlement, which path goes through all the stages of the process (beginning – middle– end).
“Green shipping” and the problem of sustainable use of maritime transport
Authors: Skaridov Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

Green is consistently associated with the political, legal and organizational efforts of various organizations in the area of preservation and sustainable development of the environment. Having analyzes the topic, the author reflects on the legal issues of preventing marine pollution related to the introduction of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, the requirements to the “chemistry of pollutants”, technical regulations aimed at the expel of certain ships based on their technical characteristics. The author also attempted to formulate the key statements within the framework of the concept of ecologically sustainable development of the marine transport sector. The subject of this research is the legal relations in the area of regulation of the ecological use of maritime transport. Research methodology employs the analysis of national legal sources; formal-legal, comparative-legal and systemic-logical methods. Law of the Sea has been actively struggling against marine pollution since the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil (OILPOL) of 1954, creating and constantly improving the responsibilities within the framework of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). The scientific novelty is defined by the absence of analogous works in the Russian literature on the subject. The relevance of this work is substantiated by the need for adoption of legal measures aimed at ensuring efforts on amending the state maritime policy, considering that the implementation of the standards of International Maritime Organization effective since 2020, will result in expel of a considerable number of ships from the maritime sector, as well as and increase the sea freight rates.
The dynamics of subjectivity in student age
Authors: Kuzmina Anna Sergeevna , Praizendorf Ekaterina Sergeevna , Yusupov Pavel  Rafaelievich , Mardasova Tatyana Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2021

The article provides the results of research of correlation between subjectivity and self-actualization of senior and junior students. The formation of subjectivity implies changes in the value-semantic attitude of the student towards self, further development, and university education. Subjectivity plays an important role in the formation and self-actualization of an individual, as well as in the development of personal potential. The article presents the results of longitudinal research of subjectivity of the students. The object of this study is the subjectivity of an individual. The subject is the process of socio-psychological adaptation of students at different stages of studying in the higher education institution. The goal consists in tracing the dynamics of the development of subjectivity of personality of the students in the context of their socio-psychological adaptation in the process of studying in the higher education institutions. Research methodology employs cultural and historical approach of L. S. Vygotsky; scientific school of subjective approach in psychology of S. L. Rubinstein, A.V. Brushlinsky and K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, and theory of subjectivity of M. V. Isakov. The novelty lies in demonstrating the dynamics of the development of subjectivity of students during studying in the university. In conclusion, the author proves the positive dynamics of development of subjectivity of the students; notes that the senior students are characterized by the higher indicator of general subjectivity and greater reflection, responsibility, organizational skills, and loyalty to their own decisions, while the junior students demonstrate more creativity compared to the senior students.
MakerSpace technology and digital environment for speech development of bilingual preschoolers: the experience of Integration
Authors: Vafina Alsu Hadievna , Khalitova Liliya Kamilevna
Published: April 2021

The goal of this article consists in examination of the effective ways of implementation of digital educational technologies into the system of preschool educational institutions functioning in a bilingual environment. The subject of this research is the digital educational resources and innovative technologies in the area of speech development of preschoolers. The technology of implementation of innovative comprehensive approach towards creating a developing environment in digitalization era is addressed to the experts in preschool education. The novelty of this work lies in substantiation of the effectiveness of implementation into the practice of preschool educational institutions  of digital educational resources for the development of communication skills of bilingual children in using the MakerSpace technology. The article reveals the essence and advantages of introduction of the innovative concepts of teaching that are founded on digital technologies; underlines the need for a comprehensive approach towards implementation of digital resources into the practice of preschool educational institutions; substantiates the effectiveness of implementation of comprehensive approach to the organization of a developing environment for the development of communication skills of children 3-7 years of age by means of the Russian language. The results of the conducted experiment in preschool educational institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan prove the effectiveness of creating a single developmental environment. Such environment is being formed by the joint efforts of the pedagogues and preschool students using the digital educational resources during classes. The acquired rudimental knowledge is solidified with experience in the course of realization of creative activity using the MakerSpace technology.
La conquista del umbral: los espacios de tránsito en las memorias de las infancias en el exilio de las últimas dictaduras de Argentina y Uruguay
Authors: Chmiel Fira
Published: April 2021

Objective/Context: In this work, I propose to explore the childhood memories of those who experienced exile during the last dictatorships in Argentina and Uruguay. I examine the spaces of transit and meanings stored in the recounted memories. Methodology: Based on interviews conducted by me, I focus on the biographical approach and socio-symbolic level when analyzing the narratives produced by the interviewees. Originality: The work aims to contribute to a little-explored subject, such as the memories of those who experienced exile in childhood, with the purpose of recovering spatial dimension as a novel perspective in the construction of memory. Conclusions: Based on an analysis of evoked experiences, the study highlights the affective link to spaces and meanings in relation to intermediate places of transit during forced migration: thresholds between the known world and the world to be known.
Pedimos Posada: Local Mediators and Guatemalan Refugees in Mexico, 1978-1984
Authors: Nolan-Ferrell Catherine
Published: April 2021

Objective/Context: This article investigates how indigenous Guatemalan campesinos who took refuge in Chiapas, Mexico, relied upon Mexican mediators and community solidarity to secure their safety during the Guatemalan army’s genocidal campaign (1979-1983) against Mayan campesinos. The objective is to identify why different groups of mediators successfully met refugee needs. Methodology: Using the framework of forced migration studies, the article uses archival and oral histories to examine patterns of labor migration and refugee movement. Originality: The study uses previously uncatalogued archival collections, including the Guatemalan Refugees Collection in the Archivo Histórico Diocesano de San Cristóbal de las Casas, local documents from the Instituto Nacional de los Pueblos Indígenas (formerly Instituto Nacional Indígena, ini), and oral histories collected in communities of ex-refugiados. Conclusions: Refugees relied upon local mediators, primarily campesinos and small farmers, for food, shelter, and work. Although formal mediators (governmental and intergovernmental organizations) potentially offered more services to refugee settlements, refugee camps also required formal registration and restricted peoples’ rights to work and move freely. Indigenous Maya villagers on both sides of the border shared long histories of labor migration, along with social, religious, and family ties. These links formed the base of new communities and provided refugees with needed flexibility. More broadly, this research shows how grassroots community formation protected, and at times exploited, the human rights of refugees.
Field amplification effect of resonant magnetic perturbation on ion orbits in tokamak plasma
Authors: Su Chun-Yan , Mou Mao-Lin , Chen Shao-Yong , Guo Wen-Ping , Tang Chang-Jian ,   College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China,   Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Published: April 2021

 The fast ion transport associated with resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) contains rich physical spanning single particle motion of fast particle and plasmas response physics with RMP and their interaction. Full numerical simulation considering such physical ingredients should be performed in a long run for clarifying the underlying physical features of the fast ion confinement with RMP. Thus, the appropriate application of RMP is not only to avoid the detrimental effects but also to serve as an actuator to exert targeted control over the energetic particle profile. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive knowledge of the effects of RMP including plasma response on fast ions is necessary.

 In this work, the plasma response to RMP in HL-2A device is simulated by the MARS-F code under different parameters including finite resistivity, toroidal rotation frequency and toroidal mode number, and the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field topology considering RMP is obtained. Then, Boris algorithm is used to track the ion orbit under these 3D fields, and the physical mechanism of ion orbit characteristics changed by the perturbed field is explored in detail. It is found that with the increase of finite resistivity, the average value of perturbed magnetic field decreases, and the orbit radial expansion turns smaller. The variation of toroidal rotation frequency can change the distribution of perturbed magnetic field, resulting in different orbit radial expansions for different kinds of orbits. What is more, if the toroidal mode number increases, the amplitude of perturbed magnetic field after response decreases obviously, thus resulting in little effect on orbit radial expansion. In a word, the plasma responded RMP field enhances the orbit radial expansion, and the maximum orbital radial expansion increases with the augment of average value of perturbed magnetic field on the orbit. Meanwhile, the amplitude of orbit expansion increases significantly when the ions pass through the region where the perturbed magnetic field is strongly amplified. This effect can explain the increase of ion prompt loss and enhancement of plasma radial transport in edge localized mode mitigation experiments by RMP.
The biomechanical role of extra-axonemal structures in shaping the flagellar beat of Euglena gracilis
Authors: Cicconofri Giancarlo , Noselli Giovanni , DeSimone Antonio
Published: April 2021

We propose and discuss a model for flagellar mechanics in Euglena gracilis. We show that the peculiar non-planar shapes of its beating flagellum, dubbed 'spinning lasso', arise from the mechanical interactions between two of its inner components, namely, the axoneme and the paraflagellar rod. The spontaneous shape of the axoneme and the resting shape of the paraflagellar rod are incompatible. Thus, the complex non-planar configurations of the coupled system emerge as the energetically optimal compromise between the two antagonistic components. The model is able to reproduce the experimentally observed flagellar beats and the characteristic geometric signature of spinning lasso, namely, traveling waves of torsion with alternating sign along the length of the flagellum.
Post-transcriptional repression of circadian component CLOCK regulates cancer-stemness in murine breast cancer cells
Authors: Ogino Takashi , Matsunaga Naoya , Tanaka Takahiro , Tanihara Tomohito , Terajima Hideki , Yoshitane Hikari , Fukada Yoshitaka , Tsuruta Akito , Koyanagi Satoru , Ohdo Shigehiro
Published: April 2021

Disruption of the circadian clock machinery in cancer cells is implicated in tumor malignancy. Studies on cancer therapy reveal the presence of heterogeneous cells, including breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs), in breast tumors. BCSCs are often characterized by high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, associated with the malignancy of cancers. In this study, we demonstrated the negative regulation of ALDH activity by the major circadian component CLOCK in murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. The expression of CLOCK was repressed in high-ALDH-activity 4T1, and enhancement of CLOCK expression abrogated their stemness properties, such as tumorigenicity and invasive potential. Furthermore, reduced expression of CLOCK in high-ALDH-activity 4T1 was post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA: miR-182. Knockout of miR-182 restored the expression of CLOCK, resulted in preventing tumor growth. Our findings suggest that increased expression of CLOCK in BCSCs by targeting post-transcriptional regulation overcame stemness-related malignancy and may be a novel strategy for breast cancer treatments.
A molecular dynamics simulation study of the ACE2 receptor with screened natural inhibitors to identify novel drug candidate against COVID-19
Authors: Srivastava Neha , Garg Prekshi , Srivastava Prachi , Seth Prahlad Kishore
Published: April 2021

Background & Objectives

The massive outbreak of Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has turned out to be a serious global health issue worldwide. Currently, no drugs or vaccines are available for the treatment of COVID-19. The current computational study was attempted to identify a novel therapeutic inhibitor against novel SARS-CoV-2 using in silico drug discovery pipeline.

Methods

In the present study, the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor was the target for the designing of drugs against the deadly virus. The 3D structure of the receptor was modeled & validated using a Swiss-model, Procheck & Errat server. A molecular docking study was performed between a group of natural & synthetic compounds having proven anti-viral activity with ACE2 receptor using Autodock tool 1.5.6. The molecular dynamics simulation study was performed using Desmond v 12 to evaluate the stability and interaction of the ACE2 receptor with a ligand.

Results

Based on the lowest binding energy, confirmation, and H-bond interaction, cinnamic acid (−5.20 kcal/mol), thymoquinone (−4.71 kcal/mol), and andrographolide (Kalmegh) (−4.00 kcal/mol) were screened out showing strong binding affinity to the active site of ACE2 receptor. MD simulations suggest that cinnamic acid, thymoquinone, and andrographolide (Kalmegh) could efficiently activate the biological pathway without changing the conformation in the binding site of the ACE2 receptor. The bioactivity and drug-likeness properties of compounds show their better pharmacological property and safer to use.

Interpretation & Conclusions

The study concludes the high potential of cinnamic acid, thymoquinone, and andrographolide against the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor protein. Thus, the molecular docking and MD simulation study will aid in understanding the molecular interaction between ligand and receptor binding site, thereby leading to novel therapeutic intervention.
Programación intrauterina de enfermedad en la vida adulta: identificación de genes cardinales asociados a hipertensión arterial, obesidad y síndrome metabólico
Authors: Acevedo Monterrosa Ivan , Soria Damián A. , Tomat Analía , Elesgaray Rosana , Arranz Cristina , Caniffi Carolina
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino es una alteración del desarrollo fetal que se caracteriza por una tasa de crecimiento durante la etapa fetal que es menor al potencial genético de crecimiento para la edad gestacional. Esta condición plantea una carga importante para la salud pública, ya que aumenta la morbimortalidad de la descendencia, a corto y a largo plazo, particularmente, por asociarse al desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y metabólica en la vida adulta. Objetivos: Mediante el uso de herramientas bioinformáticas nos propusimos identificar posibles genes cardinales involucrados en la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino asociados al desarrollo de obesidad, hipertensión arterial y síndrome metabólico. Material y métodos: Obtuvimos un total de 343 genes involucrados en los fenotipos de interés e identificamos 20 genes que resultaron significativamente relevantes en el análisis de la red de interacción. Particularmente, cuatro de estos genes identificados codifican para factores de crecimiento o sus receptores, VEGFA, PDGFRB, IGF1R y EGFR. Además, identificamos genes relacionados con la insulina y el control de la homeostasis cardiovascular, como son el CTNNB1, APP, MYC y MDMD2. Por otra parte, el análisis de clústeres permitió reconocer los términos de ontología genética más significativos, entre los que se destacan aquellos relacionados con procesos biológicos de proliferación y muerte celular programada, de comunicación intercelular, del metabolismo proteico, y de desarrollo del sistema cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Los genes hallados en este estudio podrían ser de utilidad como biomarcadores putativos de la presencia de alteraciones cardiovasculares y metabólicas asociadas a la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino o potenciales blancos terapéuticos de estrategias de tratamiento orientadas al genotipo del paciente.