bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kemampuan Bahasa Arab Dengan Prestasi Menghafal Al-Qur’an Siswa Kelas XI MA Sirojul Athfal 2
Authors: Farhan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Al-Qur’an diturunkan dengan bahasa Arab, dengan bahasa inilah kita dapat membaca Al-Qur’an dan mempelajarinya. Berbicara mengenai bahasa Arab, tidak terlepas dari empat keterampilan: keterampilan membaca, keterampilan menulis, keterampilan menyimak, dan keterampilan berbicara. Pada masa sekarang di Indonesia, bahasa Arab bukan hanya dianggap sebagai bahasa asing, tetapi sudah menjadi salah satu pelajaran yang pokok di lembaga-lembaga sekolah. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini bermaksud mengetahui hubungan kemampuan bahasa Arab dengan prestasi menghafal Al-Qur’an. Kemampuan dalam bahasa Arab memiliki beberapa kata yang memiliki kemiripan makna, di antaranya kata al-Isti’dad, al-Qudroh dan al-Maharah. Adapun kemampuan yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah lebih spesifik pada al-Maharah dengan objek atau populasi yang diteliti bertempat di Madrasah Aliyyah Sirojul Athfal 2 pada seluruh kelas sebelas. Objek penelitian ini meliputi semua siswa kelas sebelas yang berjumlah 44 siswa sebagai fokus pemusatannya, sedangkan data diperoleh melalui metode wawancara dan metode dokumentasi yang berupa data-data sekunder. Adapun jenis penelitiannya menggunakan analisis korelasi antara variabel X & variabel Y untuk diketahuinya hubungan diantara keduanya. Dan Hasil penelitian berdasarkan analisis data menghasilkan nilai hubungan sebesar 0,728 yang menunjukkan hubungan dalam interval yang kuat, maka hipotesis dapat diterima.
Analisis Kesesuaian Indikator dan Kompetensi Dasar Bahasa Arab KMA 183
Authors: Jundi Muhammad , Solong Najamudin Petta
Published: March 2021

Munculnya KMA 183 dan penerapannya pada tahun ajaran 2020/2021 membawa banyak hal yang baru dan berbeda. Maka, madrasah yang dalam hal ini guru harus melakukan penyesuaian dalam hal perangkat pembelajaran PAI dan bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dokumentasi. Dokumen-dokumen berupa RPP dan perangkat pembelajaran lainnya ditelaah dan bandingkan dengan isi KMA 183. Ditemukan bahwa guru bahasa Arab dalam mengembangkan indikator dari kompetensi dasar yang ada belum maksimal. Terlihat dari belum sesuainya indikator dengan kompetensi dasar yang berada pada tingkat berpikir C4. Guru masih menggunakan kata kerja operasional yang tidak relevan dengan kompetensi dasar yang ada. Diharapkan kedepannya lebih banyak lagi sosialisasi kepada guru dalam hal penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran khususnya dalam pengembangan indikator pembelajaran.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF INTEREST RATE, EXCHANGE VALUE, WORLD GOLD PRICES, DOW JONES INDEX, AEX INDEX, DAX INDEX, AND SHANGHAI INDEX ON LQ45 INDEX IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2012 – 2018
Authors: Nurwulandari Andini , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Setiyo Budi Ari Jatmiko
Published: March 2021

This research aims to find out the influence of interest rate, exchange rate, world gold price, Dow Jones Index, AEX Index, DAX Index, and Shanghai Index on the LQ45 Index at the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012 through 2018 using the ARCH/GARCH model as the method of analysis.  The result of the test shows that the exchange rate had a significant negative influence, Dow Jones Index, AEX Index, and DAX Index had a significant positive influence on the LQ45 index, while the interest rate and world gold price had a non-significant negative influence and the Shanghai Index had a non-significant positive influence on the LQ45 index.
Structure formation of alloys of tin — zinc system during high-rapid solidification
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Shepelevich V. G. , Zernitsa D. A. ,   I.P. Shamiakin Mozyr State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2021

The results of a study of the structure parameters of rapidly solidified foil of a hypoeutectic, eutectic, hypereutectic Sn—Zn system alloys containing 4.4; 8.8 and 15 mas. % Zn are presented Rapidly solidified foil consists of equiaxed zinc particles and a supersaturated tin solid solution. Zinc particles are distributed uniformly in the foil, that is caused by the formation of a supercooled and supersaturated liquid solution and its subsequent spinodal decomposition. The areas of the liquid solution enriched with tin and zinc are transformed into nuclei of crystalline phases. With an increase in the zinc concentration in the studied alloys, the volume fraction of zinc particles, the average chord of random secant sections at the sections of zinc particles, and the specific surface of the interphase formed by zinc and tin increase. The foil of Sn—Zn alloys has a microcrystalline structure in which the predominant grain orientation is observed. The formation of the texture of (100) tin and (0001) zinc occurs. Rapidly solidified alloy foils are in an unstable state, that results in the decomposition of a tin solid solution, the dissolution of small particles and the growth of large particles. Annealing at 180 °C for 22 hours causes an increase in the average chord of sections of zinc particles, volume of zinc particles and a decrease in the specific surface of the interface.
membangun identitas anak remaja dalam menghadapi masalahnya sendiri
Authors: desi
Published: March 2021

catatan terkait dengan cara membangun identitas anak remaja.
SPATA7 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that spermatogenesis associated 7, SPATA7, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that SPATA7 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. SPATA7 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SPATA7 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of SPATA7 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Absenteeism and parental involvement in home and school among middle school students of public school in northern Mindanao, Philippines: basis for intervention
Authors: Cepada Charry Mae P. , Grepon Benzar Glen
Published: March 2021

Educational attainment is an important determinant of one’s success. Yet, absenteeism among adolescents jeopardizes chances of achieving their educational goals. Absenteeism can lead to an increasing disinterest in school and the chance of dropping out in school. Thus, this study determined how parental involvement affects absenteeism among 60 Middle school students of a public school. Specifically, it tested the extent of absenteeism of the respondents and the extent of parental involvement in school. Also, this study correlates students’ absenteeism and parental involvement both at home and school. This study used descriptive–correlational method. A validated researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the extent of absenteeism, extent of parental involvement and the respondents’ perception towards parental involvement. Further, frequency, weighted mean, Pearson R correlation, and t-test for Two Independent Means were used as statistical tools in analyzing the gathered data. The study disclosed that parents were greatly involved at home but were moderately involved in school which contributed to the absenteeism of the students. Parental involvement in school was deemed important in terms of giving support and monitoring their children’s attendance and performances in school. The findings revealed that parental involvement in school had a strong negative relationship with absenteeism. This meant that as parental involvement decreased, absenteeism among students increased. With α=0.05, there was a significant relationship between parental involvement and absenteeism both at home and in school. Conversely, there was no significant difference on how the students and their parents perceived parental involvement. As gleaned in the data, both parents and students considered parental involvement as one of the important factors that enabled the students to pursue their studies. This study concludes that parental involvement in school and at home is correlated with absenteeism of the Middle school students in a public school. Parental involvement at home enables the parents to take good care of their children and show support in the learners’ academic endeavors. Parental involvement in school also provides a big impression to the students. The presence of the parents in school boosts self-esteem and self-worth among their children.
Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Ny. D Dengan Resiko Perilaku Kekerasan
Authors: Laia Hisikia
Published: March 2021

erilaku kekerasan adalah perilaku individu yang dapat membahayakan orang, diri sendiri baik secara fisik, emosional dan sexualitas, perilaku kekerasan merupakan salah satu respon maladaftif dari marah. Marah merupakan perasaan jengkel yang timbul sebagai respon terhadap kecemasan atau kebutuhan yang tidak terpenuhi yang dirasakan sebagai ancaman . Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya stres emosional dan ekonomi dari keluarga sebagai efek dari kondisi anggota keluarganya sehingga keluarga memerlukan pengetahuan dan informasi bagaimana cara menghadapi anggota keluarga yang mengalami perilaku kekerasan dan untuk memperkecil dampak yang ditimbulkan, dibutuhkan penanganan perilaku kekerasan yang tepat keluarga memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk mencegah kejadian yang tidak diinginkan dengan menggunakan ketrampilan koping untuk menghadapi masalah
URGENSI KETELADANAN PENGURUS RAYON DALAM MENANAMKAN AKHLAK KARIMAH SANTRIWATI PONDOK MODERN DARUSSALAM GONTOR
Authors: Sabrina Maulida Hasyyah
Published: March 2021

Pada zaman postmodern saat ini, sangat marak akan krisis moral dan akhlak. Dimana krisis akhlak ini mengarahkan kepada jurang kehancuran. Sebelum terjerumus kedalam kehancuran, maka krisis akhlak ini harus ditanggulangi. Salah satu cara penanggulangannya adalah dengan sebuah keteladanan. Keteladanan merupakan daya yang timbul dalam diri seseorang untuk mempengaruhi orang lain dalam rangka pembentukan watak atau karakter seseorang. Keteladanan merupakan suatu hal yang dapat ditiru, dicontoh, dan diikuti dari seseorang. Dengan metode diskriptif makalah ini akan menjelaskan urgensi keteladanan pengurus rayon dalam menanamkan akhlak karimah santriwati di Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor. Dimana pengurus rayon memiliki peran sebagai pendidik, teladan, dan pembimbing bagi para santriwati untuk bisa menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik. Dengan keteladanan pengurus rayon, para santriwati dapat meniru, meneladani dan mengaplikasikan dari apa yang mereka lihat pada kesehariannya dan menjadikan santriwati berdisiplin dan berakhlak karimah.
SLC39A13 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that solute carrier family 39 member 13, SLC39A13, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that SLC39A13 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. SLC39A13 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SLC39A13 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of SLC39A13 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Designing and implementing e-justice systems: an information systems approach to regional trial court case docket management in northern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Grepon Benzar Glen
Published: March 2021

Computer-based information systems for case management are still at an early stage of adoption in many trial courts in the Philippines. In most cases, information system implemented is the case docket using the official record book on which cases are written and inventory of cases and reports are generated. This is a standalone system that often face data processing, data security and case management challenges. However, there are examples of Information systems in overcoming these pitfalls and producing innovative solutions that surpass data management practices in in many trial courts in the country. One such case is the Regional Trial Court Branch 23 of Cagayan de Oro City in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. A project named Web-based Case Docket Information System (WCDIS) has been designed and developed for the court branch. This system uses a framework known as System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is a guide for the design and development. This paper also discusses the key system functionalities and the implementation methodology, including both the benefits and shortcomings of this approach, with the goal of applying lessons learned for future installations. Foremost among the successes of this project is its ability to increase efficiency and reliability in completing court transactions.
A rational model of people's inferences about others' preferences based on response times
Authors: Gates Vael , Callaway Frederick , Ho Mark K , Griffiths Tom
Published: March 2021

There's a difference between someone instantaneously saying "Yes!" when you ask them on a date compared to "...yes." Psychologists and economists have long studied how people can infer preferences from others' choices. However, these models have tended to focus on what people choose and not how long it takes them to make a choice. We present a rational model for inferring preferences from response times, using a Drift Diffusion Model to characterize how preferences influence response time and Bayesian inference to invert this relationship. We test our model's predictions for three experimental questions. Matching model predictions, participants inferred that a decision-maker preferred a chosen item more if the decision-maker spent longer deliberating (Experiment 1), participants predicted a decision-maker's choice in a novel comparison based on inferring the decision-maker's relative preferences from previous response times and choices (Experiment 2), and participants could incorporate information about a decision-maker's mental state of cautious or careless (Experiments 3, 4A, and 4B).
Neither measurement error nor speed-accuracy trade-offs explain the difficulty of establishing attentional control as a psychometric construct: Evidence from a latent-variable analysis using diffusion modeling
Authors: Rey-Mermet Alodie , Singmann Henrik , Oberauer Klaus
Published: March 2021

Attentional control refers to the ability to maintain and implement a goal and goal-relevant information when facing distraction. So far, previous research has failed to substantiate strong evidence for a psychometric construct of attentional control. This could result from two methodological shortcomings: (a) the neglect of individual differences in speed-accuracy trade-offs when only speed or accuracy is used as dependent variable, and (b) the difficulty of isolating attentional control from measurement error. To overcome both issues, we combined hierarchical-Bayesian Wiener diffusion modeling with structural equation modeling. We re-analyzed six datasets, which included data from three to eight attentional-control tasks, and data from young and older adults. Overall, the results showed that measures of attentional control failed to correlate with each other and failed to load on a latent variable. Therefore, limiting the impact of differences in speed-accuracy trade-offs and of measurement error does not solve the difficulty of establishing attentional control as a psychometric construct. These findings strengthen the case against a psychometric construct of attentional control.
A review of mathematical modeling of addiction regarding both (neuro-)psychological processes and the social contagion perspectives
Authors: van den Ende Maarten , Epskamp Sacha , Lees Michael , van der Maas Han , Wiers Reinout , Sloot Peter M. A.
Published: March 2021

Addiction is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon, impacted by biological predispositions, psychological processes, and the social environment. Using mathematical and computational models that are capable of surrogative rea- soning may be a promising avenue for gaining a deeper understanding of this complex behavior. This paper reviews formal models of addiction developed in two very different but relevant fields of study: (neuro)psychological mod- eling of intra-individual dynamics, and social modeling of inter-individual dynamics. We find that these modeling approaches to addiction are quite disjoint and argue that in order to unravel the complexities of biopsychoso- cial processes of addiction, models should integrate intra- and interpersonal factors.
Enhancing qualities of consciousness during online learning via multisensory interactions
Authors: Cesari Valentina , Galgani Benedetta , Gemignani Angelo , Menicucci Danilo
Published: March 2021

Online-learning is a feasible alternative to the physical classroom during this current global COVID-19 pandemic. In this time, Information Technologies have allowed sharing experiences but has also highlighted some limitations compared to the traditional way of learning. Learning is strongly sustained by some qualities of consciousness such as flow (intended as the optimal state of absorption and engagement in activity) and sense of presence (feeling of exerting control, interacting with and getting immersed into real/virtual environments), together with the need for social interaction. During online learning, feelings of disconnection, social isolation, distractions, lack of control exert a detrimental effect on the ability to reach the state of flow, the feeling of presence, the feeling of social involvement. Since online environments could prevent the rising of these learning-supporting variables, this article aims at describing the role of flow, presence and social interactions during online sessions and characterizing multi sensory stimulations as a driver to cope with these issues. We argue that the use of augmented, mixed or virtual reality can support abovementioned domains of consciousness and thus counteract the detrimental effects of physical distance. Such support could be further increased by enhancing multisensory stimulation modalities within augmented and virtual environments.
Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online
Authors: Epstein Ziv , berinsky adam , Cole Rocky , Gully Andrew , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David Gertler
Published: March 2021

Recent research suggests that shifting users’ attention to accuracy increases the quality of news they subsequently share online. Here we help develop this initial observation into a suite of deployable interventions for practitioners. We ask (i) how prior results generalize to other approaches for prompting users to consider accuracy, and (ii) for whom these prompts are more versus less effective. In a large survey experiment examining participants’ intentions to share true and false headlines about COVID-19, we identify a variety of different accuracy prompts that successfully increase sharing discernment across a wide range of demographic subgroups while maintaining user autonomy. Research questions•There is mounting evidence that inattention to accuracy plays an important role in the spread of misinformation online. Here we examine the utility of a suite of different accuracy prompts aimed at increasing the quality of news shared by social media users.•Which approaches to shifting attention towards accuracy are most effective? •Does the effectiveness of the accuracy prompts vary based on social media user characteristics? Assessing effectiveness across subgroups is practically important for examining the generalizability of the treatments, and is theoretically important for exploring the underlying mechanism.Essay summary•Using survey experiments with N=9,070 American social media users (quota-matched to the national distribution on age, gender, ethnicity, and geographic region), we compared the effect of different treatments designed to induce people to think about accuracy when deciding what news to share. Participants received one of the treatments (or were assigned to a control condition), and then indicated how likely they would be to share a series of true and false news posts about COVID-19. •We identified three lightweight, easily-implementable approaches that each increased sharing discernment (the quality of news shared, measured as the difference in sharing probability of true versus false headlines) by roughly 50%, and a slightly more lengthy approach that increased sharing discernment by close to 100%. We also found that another approach that seemed promising ex ante (descriptive norms) was ineffective. Further-more, gender, race, partisanship, and concern about COVID-19 did not moderate effectiveness, suggesting that the accuracy prompts will be effective for a wide range of demographic subgroups. Finally, helping to illuminate the mechanism behind the effect, the prompts were more effective for participants who were more attentive, reflective, engaged with COVID-related news, concerned about accuracy, college-educated, and middle-aged. •From a practical perspective, our results suggest a menu of accuracy prompts that are effective in our experimental setting and that technology companies could consider testing on their own services.
You can't change the past: Children’s recognition of the causal asymmetry between past and future events
Authors: Tillman Katharine A , Walker Caren
Published: March 2021

Children’s temporal and causal reasoning skills improve substantially during early childhood, but it remains unclear when they fully understand the conceptual distinction between the past and the future. Here we explored U.S. 3- to 6-year-old children’s (n = 228) and adults’ (n = 60) understanding that acting in the present can change the future but not the past. To do so, we told participants 3-step causal stories, e.g., “(1) When Sally flips the light switch, (2) the light turns on, (3) so she can see to find her toy,” and asked about the effects of an action at event 2, e.g., “What if John turned off the light?”. When asked about the effects of the change on the future consequent event (3), only 3-year-olds responded at chance, while 4- to 6-year-olds became increasingly likely to judge that the future event would also change. However, when asked about the effects of the change on the past antecedent event (1), children of all ages, like adults, consistently judged that the past event still occurred. This suggests that children have an early-developing understanding that the past cannot be changed. Using a similar paradigm, we also explored children’s reasoning about the implications of the non-occurrence of event 2, in which the cause was not specified, e.g., “What if the light didn’t turn on?”. Both children and adults reasoned differently about these scenarios than they did about those involving actions by external agents. In particular, adults and 6-year-olds inferred that the antecedent event also had not occurred. Implications for theoretical accounts of causal and temporal reasoning are discussed.
Overt and covert attention shifts to emotional faces – combining EEG, Eye-tracking and a Go/No-go paradigm
Authors: Kulke Louisa , Brümmer Lena , Pooresmaeili Arezoo , Schacht Anne
Published: March 2021

In everyday life, faces with emotional expressions quickly attract attention and eye-movements. To study the neural mechanisms of such emotion-driven attention by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs), tasks that employ covert shifts of attention are commonly used, in which participants need to inhibit natural eye-movements towards stimuli. It remains, however, unclear how shifts of attention to emotional faces with and without eye-movements differ from each other. The current preregistered study aimed to investigate neural differences between covert and overt emotion-driven attention. We combined eye-tracking with measurements of ERPs to compare shifts of attention to faces with happy, angry or neutral expressions when eye-movements were either executed (Go conditions) or withheld (No-go conditions). Happy and angry faces led to larger EPN amplitudes, shorter latencies of the P1 component and faster saccades, suggesting that emotional expressions significantly affected shifts of attention. Several ERPs (N170, EPN, LPC), were augmented in amplitude when attention was shifted with an eye-movement, indicating an enhanced neural processing of faces if eye-movements had to be executed together with a reallocation of attention. However, the modulation of ERPs by facial expressions did not differ between the Go and No-go conditions, suggesting that emotional content enhances both covert and overt shifts of attention. In summary, our results indicate that overt and covert attention shifts differ but are comparably affected by emotional content.
Finding someone to blame: The link between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, prejudice, support for violence, and other negative social outcomes
Authors: Šrol Jakub , Cavojova Vladimira , Mikušková Eva Ballová
Published: March 2021

One of the appeals of conspiracy theories in times of crises is that they provide someone to blame for what has happened. Thereby, they increase distrust, negative feelings, and hostility toward implicated actors, whether those are powerful social outgroups or one’s own government representatives. Two studies reported here examine associations of COVID-19 conspiracy theories with prejudice, support for violence, and other and negative social outcomes. In Study 1 (N = 501), the endorsement of the more specific conspiracy theories about the alleged role of China was associated with more prejudiced views of Chinese and Italian people. In Study 2 (N = 1024), lowered trust in government regulations and increased hostility associated with the COVID-19 and generic conspiracy beliefs predicted justification of and willingness to engage in non-compliance with regulations, violent attacks on 5G masts, and anti-government protests. Across both of the studies, higher exposure to news about COVID-19 was associated with lower endorsement of conspiracy theories, but also with increased feelings of anxiety and lack of control, which in turn were correlated with higher COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs endorsement. We highlight the potential social problems which are associated with the wide-spread endorsement of COVID-19 conspiracy theories.
Decomposing the motivation to exert mental effort
Authors: Shenhav Amitai , Fahey Mahalia Prater , Grahek Ivan
Published: March 2021

Achieving most goals demands cognitive control, yet people vary widely in their success at meeting these demands. While motivation is known to be fundamental to determining these successes, what determines one’s motivation to perform a given task remains poorly understood. Here, we describe recent efforts towards addressing this question using the Expected Value of Control model, which simulates the process by which people weigh the costs and benefits of exerting mental effort. By functionally decomposing this cost-benefit analysis, this model has been used to fill gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of mental effort and to generate novel predictions about the sources of variability in real-world performance. We discuss the opportunities the model provides for formalizing hypotheses about why people vary in their motivation to perform tasks, as well as for understanding limitations in our ability to test these hypotheses based on a given measure of performance.
Maximising participation from online survey panel members
Authors: Brosnan Kylie , Kemperman Astrid , Dolnicar Sara
Published: March 2021

Low survey participation from online panel members is a key challenge for market and social researchers. We identify ten key drivers of panel members’ online survey participation from a qualitative study, then determine empirically using a stated choice experiment the relative importance of each of those drivers at aggregate and segment level. We contribute to knowledge on survey participation by (1) eliciting key drivers of survey participation by online panel members, (2) determining the relative importance of each driver, and (3) accounting for heterogeneity across panel members in the importance assigned to drivers. Findings offer immediate practical guidance to market and social researchers on how to increase participation in surveys using online panels.
The History of Medicine - Trepanning to Organ Transplants
Authors: Forrester Rochelle
Published: March 2021

This paper was written to study the order of medical advances throughout history. It investigates changing human beliefs concerning the causes of diseases, how modern surgery developed and improved methods of diagnosis and the use of medical statistics. Human beliefs about the causes of disease followed a logical progression from supernatural causes, such as the wrath of the Gods, to natural causes, involving imbalances within the human body. The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of microorganisms which were eventually identified as the cause of infectious diseases. Identification of the particular microorganism causing a disease led to immunization against the disease. Modern surgery only developed after the ending of the taboo against human dissection and the discovery of modern anaesthesia and the discovery of the need for anti-septic practices. Modern diagnostic practices began with the discovery of x-rays and the invention of medical scanners. Improved mathematics, especially in probability theory, led to statistical studies which led to a much greater ability, to identify the causes of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. These discoveries all occurred in a necessary and inevitable order with the easiest discoveries being made first and the harder discoveries being made later. The order of discovery determined the course of the history of medicine and is an example of how social and cultural history has to follow a particular course determined by the structure of the world around us.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KETERANDALAN DAN KETEPATWAKTUAN PELAPORAN KEUANGAN BERBASIS AKRUAL PADA PEMDA KKT
Authors: Sukriyadi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to test the factors that influence reliability and timeliness of local government financial reporting. The factors that influence reliability and timeliness are commitment organization, human resource capacity, Internal Control of Accounting, information technology utilization, regional financial oversight, and the implementation of government accounting standards (SAP) to the reliability and timeliness of local government financial reporting accrual basis in SKPD Kepulauan Tanimbar regency. This research was a quantitative research study. amounting to 130 people, The was processed using SPSS with multiple linier regressions. Based on the analysis results, obtained that the commitment organization, human resource capacity, regional financial oversight, and the implementation of government accounting standards (SAP) influential in raising the reliability and timeliness of the financial reporting accrual basis in SKPD, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. While on the analysis results internal control of accounting, and information technology utilization no affect significant on reliability and timeliness of local government financial reporting.
Kandungan Senyawa Fitokimia Ekstrak Kasar Rumput Laut Ulva conglubata Menggunakan N-heksan, Etil asetat dan Metanol.
Authors: Masela Anthon
Published: March 2021

Skrining fitokimia merupakan metode pendekatan yang dapat digunakan unntuk mengungkapkan keberadaan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari tumbuhan. Metode ini digunakan karena cara pengerjaanya sederhana, cepat, sedikit menggunakan peralatan serta sangat selektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk Untuk mendeteksi keberadaan senyawa fitokimia alkaloid, steroid, fenolik, terpenoid, flavonoid dan saponin pada rumput laut U. conglubata. Dan manfaat yang diambil dari penelitian ini adalah Dapat mengetahui cara melakukan skrining senyawa fitokimia, dapat mengetahui cara ekstraksi dengan baik memberikan informasi tentang kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat dalam rumput laut U. conglubata. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ekstrasi yang di uji masing-masing memiliki senyawa fitokimia ditandai dengan hasil warna sesuai dengan metode yang digunakan adalah positif. Rumput laut U. conglubata yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan metanol masing-masing terdeteksi senyawa fitokimia sedangkan fenolik tidak terdeteksi pada semua ekstraksi dan Saponin pada ekstrkasi non polar, sehingga dapat diindikasikan bahwa rumput laut U. conglubata dapat dimanfaatkan.
Oral Sources: A Reflection of contemporary Nepalese society
Authors: Bhattarai Ghanashyam
Published: March 2021

Not available
Essence of Buddhism: Religious Tolerance and Love for Nature, Essential for Human Existence
Authors: Rana Rita
Published: March 2021

This work aims to present the essence and the importance of Buddhism for human existence along with a brief introduction of the founder of Buddhism and the impact and influence of this religion on the human society. A fact that life or all that exists is dynamic or changing and that which does not exist is actually permanent or static. The focus of this work is to show that the ultimate truth is through experience, religion, the awareness of religioustolerance and its benefits to the human world. Another point of focus is on the path towards Enlightenment which is believed to be by detachment in life rather than attachment. It highlights the ‘Teachings of Buddha’ to have an open mind and sympathetic heart that gives light and warmth to wisdom and compassion.
मानवीय जीवन पद्धति र बुद्धदर्शन
Authors: Parajuli Jagat Prasad
Published: March 2021

पृथ्वीमा मानवरूपी शरीर लिएर जन्मिनु आपैmमा एउटा महŒवपूर्ण घटना हो। यसलाई युगान्तकारी परिघटनाकोरूपमा पनि स्वीकार्न सकिन्छ । यस संसारमा अबतरित भएर जीवनलाई सार्थक बनाउने किसिमका सबैखालेनैतिक, चारित्रिक, आध्यात्मिक लगायतका समसामयिक पक्षहरूलाई सवल र उपलब्धिमूलक बनाउन गरिएकावैध कृयाकलापहरू, खेलिएका भूमिका, पु¥याएको योगदान आदिले मानवीय जीवन पद्धतिलाई प्रभावकारीतुल्याइरहेको हुन्छ । हरेक दिन, प्रत्येक प्रहर मानिसको जीवनसँग सुख, दुःख, लाभ, हानी, निन्दा, प्रशंसा, यशर अपयश गरी ८ वटा लोकधर्म सानिध्य र अन्योन्यास्रित भएर निरन्तर दोहोरिरहन्छन्। बुद्धद्वारा प्रदत्त उत्तममंगल देशनाद्वारा तिनीहरूको परिपालन गर्न ३८ वटा मंगल धर्मको मार्ग वा उपाय अवलम्बन गर्न सुझाइएकोछ । जन्मदेखि मृत्युसम्म नै सुखान्तक र दुःखान्तक परिवेशले छायाँ बनेर लगातार पच्छ्याइरहेको हुन्छ । यस्तोस्थितिलाई संयमित, अनुशासित, मर्यादित तथा अविचलित भएर सुल्झाउन सद्कार्य गरिहनु आवश्यक हुन्छ ।यसका लागि पनि भगवान् बुद्धले दशपारमिताको उपाय र समरूपी मध्यस्थ बिन्दुको माध्यमबाट पार पाउनसकिने उपदेश दिनुभएको छ । शोक, दुःख र विपत्तिको शिकार हुन नदिनू यो आपैmमा सर्वोत्कृष्ट मार्ग हो।मानिसको जीवन सधैँ सरसपूर्ण, सहजपूर्ण, सरलतम्, फराकिलो र निस्फिक्री ढंगले मात्र अगाडि बढ्दैन, सरलरेखाबाट मात्र परिचालित हुँदैन । अनेकौँ विघ्नवाधा, हन्डर, भुक्तमान र विश्मयका जंघारहरू पनि तर्नुपर्छ,सहन गर्नुपर्छ । यसका लागि सन्तुलित, सुरक्षित, शितल र निर्भयताका साथ उभिनु अनिवार्य हुन्छ । यसर्थजीवनलाई समभाव, समदृष्टि र समव्यवहारबाट सुसज्जित गराउनु अपरिहार्य छ । शान्ति, अमनचयन, सुख,समृद्धि आदि बाह्य सतहमा हुँदैन । त्यसैगरी विश्मयादी परिदृश्य पनि बाहिरको क्षितिजमा निहित रहँदैन । तीसबै क्षणहरू आपूmभित्र नै अन्तरनिहित हुन्छन् । गुलाफको पूmलको जीवनवृत्त जस्तै मानवरूपी शरीरभित्र नैतिनीहरूको अस्तित्व रहन्छ । फेरबदल, चलखेल र विकासक्रम पनि दुबै पाटाबाट अविच्छिन्न रूपमा परिचालितभइरहन्छ । मानव जीवनलाई सुसंगठित, सुव्यवस्थित, सुनियोजित र सुनिश्चित तुल्याउन, बुद्धदर्शन नै अद्वितीयअनुपम, अतुलनीय र औपदेशिक शिक्षाद्वारा सम्भव हुन्छ । बुद्धधर्मसँग सम्बन्धित अलौकिक, लौकिक, परलौकिक,आध्यात्मिक विधाहरूलाई हृदयङ्गम गर्नु, अनुशरण गर्नु र अनुकरण गर्नु श्रेयस्कर ठहर्छ ।
बुद्धधर्ममा कर्म र कर्मफल
Authors: Dhakhwa Lalita
Published: March 2021

चेतना युक्त भई मानिसले शरीर, वचन र मनले गर्ने सम्पूर्ण क्रियाकलापहरू कर्म हुन् । कर्म र कर्मफल बीच कारण र परिणामको सम्बन्ध रहेको हुन्छ । कर्मको नियमअनुसार कुशल (राम्रो) कर्मले कुशल फल दिन्छ र अकुशल (नराम्रो) कर्मले अकुशल फल दिन्छ । बुद्धधर्ममा कर्म र कर्मफलको बारेमा सही दृष्टिलाई (यथार्थता) आत्मसात् गर्नुपर्ने कुरामा जोड दिइएको छ । कर्म र कर्मफलमा विश्वास तथा स्वीकार गर्नु एक प्रकारको सम्यकदृष्टि (सही धारणा) हो भनिएको छ । मानिसले गर्ने कर्मको आधारमा नै उसले सुख र दुःख जीवनमा भोग गर्ने हुन्छ । त्यसैले मानिसहरूको कर्म नै आ–आफ्नो निजी सम्पत्ति हुन् भनिएको छ । बुद्धले आफ्नो मालिक आफैँ हो आफू बाहेक अरु कोही आफ्नो मालिक हुन सक्दैन भनेर व्यक्तिको आफ्नो प्रयासलाई सर्वोपरि महŒव दिई धर्ममा स्वावलम्बी हुने शिक्षा दिनुभएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा कर्म र चेतनाको सम्बन्ध, कुशल कर्म, अकुशल कर्म, दशपुण्यक्रिया, कर्म र कर्मफल बीच अन्तरसम्बन्ध, कर्मका प्रकार, व्यक्ति स्वयं कर्मको भागिदार जस्ता विषयवस्तु प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यी विषयहरू मनन गर्न सकेमा कर्म र कर्मफल सम्बन्धी सम्यकदृष्टि विकास गर्न मद्दत मिल्नेछ । गलत कर्म र सही कर्म पहिचान गर्न सक्ने भई अकुशल कार्यहरूलाई त्यागी कुशल कार्यहरू गर्ने तथा आफूभित्र असल गुणहरूको विकास गरी मनुष्य जीवनलाई सार्थक बनाउन सकिन्छ ।
काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका लिच्छविकालिन बुद्धमूर्तिहरू
Authors: Shakya Basanta Raj
Published: March 2021

नेपाली इतिहासमा ईश्वी २०० देखि ८७९ सम्मको समयलाई लिच्छविकाल भनिन्छ । यस समयमा तात्कालिननेपालको आर्थिक, सामाजिक, साँस्कृतिक एवम् धार्मिक क्षेत्रमा अत्याधिक विकास भएको थियो । जस कारणलिच्छविकाललाई नेपालको ‘सुवर्ण युग’ भनिन्छ । काठमाडौँ उपत्यकामा लिच्छविकालिन बौद्ध विहारहरू, ढुङ्गेधारातथा चैत्य परिसरहरूमा विभिन्न आकार प्रकारका बुद्धमूर्तिहरू पाइन्छन् । जसमध्ये प्रस्तरका ५१ वटा तथा धातुका१२ वटा लिच्छविकालिन बुद्धमूर्तिहरूको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तरको ५१ वटा बुद्धमूर्तिहरूमध्ये काठमाडौँमाहेनाकर महाविहार, बाँगेमुडा, स्वयम्भू, अन्तराष्ट्रिय बौद्ध भावना केन्द्र, विक्रमशील महाविहार, चारुमति विहार,पशुपति राजराजेश्वरी घाट गरी जम्मा १७ वटा छन् । त्यसैगरी झक्तपुरको सिद्धपोखरीमा एउटा बुद्धमूर्ति छ भनेललितपुरमा ईबही स्तूप, नागबाहा, तुरणबाहा, वम्बाहा, आलोक हिति, गुईतबही, क्वन्तिबही, जेष्ठवर्ण महाविहारगरी जम्मा १८ वटा बुद्धमूर्ति पाईयो । बाँकी ३ वटा छाउनीको राष्ट्रिय संग्रहालयमा र १२ वटा चोरी भईसकेकाछन् । धातुका १२ वटा बुद्धमूर्तिहरू निजी संकलन तथा विभिन्न संग्रहालयहरूमा प्रदर्शनमा छन् ।लिच्छविकालका प्रायः बुद्धमूर्तिहरू चतुरव्यूह चैत्यमा चंक्रमण तथा भविष्य व्याकरणमुद्रामा रहेका छन् ।ललितपुरको वज्रकिर्ति महाविहारस्थित चैत्यमा वैरोचनसहित पञ्चबुद्धमूर्तिको मूर्ति र आलोकहिटि परिसरमारहेको वज्रासनमास्थित दुइ हात वरदमुद्राको बुद्धमूर्ति पनि पाइन्छ । बुद्धमूर्तिहरूमध्ये ध्वाखाबाहा, बाँगेमुढा,अन्तर्रािष्ट्रय बौद्ध भावना केन्द्र, चारुमती विहारको चतुरव्यूह चैत्यभित्रको बुद्धमूर्ति, नागबाहा र स्वयम्भूकोबुद्धमूर्ति वाहेक अन्य सबै बुद्धमूर्ति जीर्ण, अङ्गभङ्ग भएका तथा खण्डित अवस्थामा रहेका छन् । खण्डित अवस्थामारहेका बुद्धमूर्तिहरूमध्ये पशुपति राजराजेश्वरी घाटको बुद्धमूर्ति र पाटनको क्वन्तिबही अगाडिको चैत्यमा रहेकोस्वर्गावतरित बुद्धमूर्ति जिर्णोद्वार गरिएका छन् । चोरी भएका बुद्धमूर्तिहरूमध्ये पाटन भिन्छेबहाःको बुद्धमूर्ति,क्वन्तिबही अगाडिको चैत्यमा रहेको बुद्धमूर्ति र ईबही स्तूपको उत्तरपूर्वमा रहेको बुद्धमूर्ति स्थानीयहरूबाटपूनःस्थापना गरिएका छन् । चोरी भइसकेका बुद्धमूर्तिहरू स्वदेशी तथा विदेशी संग्रहालयहरूमा प्रदर्शनमा छन्भने केही बुद्धमूर्तिहरू विदेशीहरूको नीजि संकलन तथा विश्वविद्यालयहरूमा पनि रहेका छन् ।
पुस्तक समीक्षा Book Review
Authors: Mishra Vijay Prasad
Published: March 2021

Not available
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Hypertension among Hypertensive Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Bashyal Sabita Pandey , Thapa Narbada
Published: March 2021

Background: Hypertension has a great impact on cardiovascular disease and death all over the world. Low and middle-income countries including Nepal are facing higher disease burden because of complications arise from uncontrolled hypertension. Patient’s knowledge and perception play an important role for the proper management of hypertension. There are limited studies related to knowledge and perception of hypertension, therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of hypertension among hypertensive patients at a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

Methods: This is a hospital based, mixed-method, cross-sectional study which was conducted among 400 hypertensive patients in the outpatient department of Sahid Gangalal National Heart Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. Patients who were diagnosed as hypertensive at least 6 months before were selected by simple random sampling technique and were interviewed using semi- structured questionnaire, and interview schedule from March to May 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.   

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 58.86 ±11.07 years and nearly half (47.8%) of them were in the age group of 60 years and above. More than half, (58%) were male, 77.8% were overweight, about half of them had a significant family history of hypertension with first degree relatives. Regarding the knowledge, the total mean score was 16.16±3.032 and had significant difference with age (p= 0.002), gender (p=.000), education (p=0.002), occupation (p=0.000), and duration of HTN diagnosis (p=0.000). Majority of them perceived hypertension as less serious illness and had significant difference with education level (p=0.001) and duration of HTN diagnosis (p=0.000).

Conclusions: Majority of participants had inadequate knowledge of hypertension and they perceived hypertension as less severe illness which might hinder the adherence to treatment recommendations. Hence, mass awareness program strategies might be helpful to increase hypertension related knowledge and perception.
RANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KONVERSI MATA KULIAH MAHASISWA PINDAHAN DAN LANJUTAN (STUDI KASUS DI STMIK LOMBOK)
Authors: Musyarrofah Siti , Ashari Maulana , fadli sofiansyah
Published: March 2021

Lombok Institute of Information and Computer Management (STMIK) is one of the colleges in Central Lombok. In Higher Education there is a set of subjects given to participants in a period of education called the curriculum. Because the curriculum in each tertiary institution is different, a system that can equalize or convert courses is needed. Especially in supporting all lecture activities which in Higher Education must have a conversion system for equalizing subjects along with the number of effective semester credits takes up to two days, the head of study program is required to be able to produce or which is often referred to as a conversion term, both for advanced students and transfer students. The process of converting courses has not resulted in a decision that is a fast and appropriate decision for transfer student lectures. Based on the description above, the author intends to make a design entitled "The Design of Information Systems Conversion for Transfer and Advanced Students (Case Study of STMIK Lombok)".
Aplikasi Enkripsi dan Dekripsi Short Message Service di Android Menggunakan Metode Blowfish
Authors: Fahriah Wildatunnisa , Febrianto Tulus
Published: March 2021

Short Message Service (SMS) is a communication technology that is very popular. By using SMS someone can exchange messages with others. However, with the wiretapping issue sms, a person no longer has the right to privacy. So the program was made on a mobile phone-based application that will change the android SMS messages into codes so that information from SMS in not known by others. When sending SMS, this application will encrypt the message into shape with a key codes entered by the sender. And when the acceptance of SMS, this application will describe the codes message into form of the original message using the same key with the sender. This application was made in the android based application to send an important message to others without fear of being noticed by others. The method used in the application to encrypt and decrypt the messages are methods Block Cipher Algorithm or also called blowfish method and its implementation using the java programming language with the android mobile platform.
Model Pendeteksi Api dalam Ruangan Berbasis SMS Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy
Authors: Ardiansyah Deden , Anjani Anjyaz
Published: March 2021

Automation system in its function to helps and makes human life easier has experienced a significant growth in recent years, for example in security field. Low security level such as no fire detection system is one of the factors which is supporting the possibilities of fire accidents to happen. This system detects the possibilities fire using fuzzy logic. This system uses microcontroller Arduino Uno as control unit, flame sensor to check infrared ray from the fire, DHT11 temperature sensor to monitor the temperature in the room, and GSM shield to send SMS. Sensors will detect fire in the room and send the collected information to be processed by Arduino Uno by implementing fuzzy logic. SMS-Based Indoor Fire Detection System Models Using Fuzzy Logic has many benefits in the development of room safety systems from fire hazards. The design of this system is simple but can be widely applied to further research development.
Medieval Contexts in Modern Fantasy Fiction: J. R. R. Tolkien and George R. R. Martin
Authors: Błaszkiewicz Bartłomiej
Published: March 2021

The argument in the book is aimed at illustrating how the fantasy fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien and George R. R. Martin is influenced by the legacy of medieval heroic literature, and also how the secondary worlds created by the respective authors enter into dialogue with the medieval ideas concerning artistic creativity and the psychological and cognitive habits which constitute an inherent element of the imagery of medieval heroic literature and of the medieval civilisation in general.
Old Age in Sumer: Life Expectancy and Social Status of the Elderly
Authors: Curchin Leonard
Published: March 2021

One of the more intriguing topics in the still largely untrodden field of Sumerian social history is the significance and social impact of old age. The present paper is an attempt to clarify the meaning of longevity within the Sumerian context, Sumerian attitudes toward old age, and the role of the elderly in Sumerian society.