bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anal incontinence and unrecognized anal sphincter injuries after vaginal delivery - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Berg Matilde Risopatron , Sahlin Ylva Ingrid
Published: September 2019

Background Aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of postpartum anal incontinence among women who delivered vaginally, and to assess the extent to which obstetric injuries to the anal sphincters are missed. Methods All women who delivered vaginally and received any kind of sutures in the perineal area at Innlandet Hospital Trust Elverum between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016 were nvited to answer a questionnaire on St. Mark’s incontinence score and to participate in a clinical examination of the pelvic floor including endoanal sonography. Results 52.3% of the invited women participated in the study. Mean St. Mark’s score was 1.8 points (95% CI 1.4 to 2.1), and none of the participants suffered from weekly fecal leakage. 11.7% (95% CI 7.1 to 16.3) experienced fecal urgency, and 8.7% (95%CI 5.1 to 12.8) had weekly involuntary leakage of flatus. Nine women (9.3%, 95% CI 4.1 to 15.5) had a previously undetected third degree obstetric anal sphincter injury. Conclusion The prevalence of anal incontinence among women who have delivered vaginally and received sutures due to 1st and 2nd degree perineal lacerations is low. Some obstetric anal sphincter injuries remain unrecognized at the time of delivery, but the symptoms of anal incontinence due to these injuries are in the lower half of the St. Mark’s incontinence score. Women with persistent symptoms like fecal urgency or leakage of gas and/or feces should be referred to evaluation by a colorectal surgeon in order to achieve optimal treatment.
Relationship between bodyweight and spinopelvic alignment in Chinese adult people: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang QingXi , Gao FuQiang , Wang YunTing , Li ZiRong , Koji Ozaki , Sun Wei
Published: September 2019

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between spinal alignment and the obesity parameters in healthy Chinese adult volunteers.Methods This pilot study included 100 Chinese healthy adult volunteers, 36 males and 64 females. The obesity parameters measured were BMI, waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) and RR (the ratio of SAD to TAD). The sagittal spinopelvic parameters included pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic angulation (PA), sacral slope (SS), sacral inclination (SI), lumbar lordosis (LL) and the disc angle of L5/S1. The coronal spinopelvic parameters included the Cobb angel of the major curve of the spine, lumbar scoliosis (LS) and pelvic obliquity (PO).Results The mean BMI of the males and females was 28.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 and 26.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 respectively; mean WC, 88.39 ± 9 cm and 82.6 ± 2.7 cm respectively. In the females, strong correlation was found between BMI and PI, WC and PT, and WC and PI. In the males, no strong correlation was found between the obesity and spinopelvic alignment parameters. RR showed a positive linear correlation with PA and PT in both groups. None of the coronal spinopelvic parameters showed a correlation with the obesity parameters in either group.Conclusions BMI and WC had a strong influence on some spinopelvic parameters, but only in females. In individuals with abdominal obesity, the sagittal spinopelvic alignment is likely to change, however there is little effect on the coronal spinopelvic.
Respiratory healthcare resource allocation in rural hospitals in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Juan , He Ruoxi , Yin Huiming , Li Shizhong , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Yali , Qiu Fei , Hu Chengping
Published: September 2019

Background Rural hospitals in China provide respiratory health service for about 600 million people, but the current situation of respiratory healthcare resource allocation in rural hospitals has never been reported.Methods In the present study, we designed a survey questionnaire, and collected information from 48 rural hospitals in Hunan Province, focusing on their respiratory medicine specialty, basic facilities and equipment, clinical staffing and available medical techniques.Results The results showed that 58.3% of rural hospitals established an independent department of respiratory medicine, 50% provided specialized outpatient service, and 12.5% had an independent respiratory intensive care unit. Among these hospitals, 72.9% were equipped with pulmonary function test laboratories, 54.2% had bronchoscopy rooms, 64.6% had non-invasive ventilators, 43.8% had invasive ventilators, while less than 15% had set up sleep laboratories and atomization therapeutic rooms. The overall physician-to-bed ratio and nurse-to-bed ratio were 1:11.1 and 1:13.6, respectively. Mechanical ventilation, diagnostic bronchoscopy, therapeutic bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, percutaneous lung biopsy, transbronchial needle aspiration and bronchial artery embolism were applicable in 66.7%, 47.9%, 6.3%, 18.8%, 20.8%, 8.3% and 8.3% of rural hospitals, respectively. Rural hospitals without an independent department of respiratory medicine showed significant disadvantages in facilities and equipment, clinical staffing and medical techniques over the other hospitals.Conclusions Respiratory healthcare system in rural areas of China are facing great challenges, including a serious shortage of basic facilities and equipment, necessary medical techniques and high-quality workforce. Besides, disparity of respiratory healthcare resources has been increasing among rural hospitals. More financial and political support from the government are needed to improve the access to and the quality of respiratory health service for rural residents.
Designing a pediatric emergency triage and action program
Authors: Mogi Tsunetoshi , Kodama Kazuhiko , Doi Naoki , Konishi Yasuhiko , Nishigori Hiroshi
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND In Japan, non-pediatricians face many instances in which they must see children, partly due to the uneven distribution of pediatricians among urban and rural areas. We aimed to develop and examine the effect of a model simulation-based training program in pediatric primary care for non-pediatric medical and ancillary personnel who express misgivings about seeing pediatric patients in an emergency setting due to their perception of their lack of training in this area.METHODS We instituted a series of workshops on common pediatric emergency situations, first with physicians, and later also including ancillary personnel, as a form of interprofessional education. The entire program was constructed around Design-based Research.RESULTS Feedback from attendees and facilitators was mostly positive, leading us to open the workshops to ancillary personnel.CONCLUSIONS From a training point of view, this epistemological investigation was successful in mitigating anxieties in individuals about seeing pediatric emergency patients. The effects on patient care remain to be studied.
PREDICTORS OF WEIGHT LOSS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND REDUSED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Voitsekhovska Kateryna , Voronkov Leonid
Published: September 2019

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a heterogeneous syndrome with a poor prognosis.

Aim of the work – to define predictors of body weight (BW) loss in patients with CHF and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Materials and methods. 120 patients with stable CHF and LVEF ≤35 %, II-IV NYHA class were examined. Patients were divided into two groups according to the value of BW loss for 6 months: the first group - loss of BW <6 %, the second - ≥ 6 %.

Results. Out of the 120 patients who were studied, a BW loss of ≥ 6 % occurred in 59 (49.2 %) patients. According to the results of binary logistic regression, predictors of BW loss of ≥6 % in patients with CHF and LVEF ≤ 35 % were: age, coronary heart disease, anaemia, and the number of hospitalizations over the last year. People with poorer quality of life, bigger number of points on the Beck depression scale and DEFS, with lower levels of physical activity and worse endothelium-dependent vasodilator response; higher sizes of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure, E / E '. Higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid are associated with a risk of losing BW≥6 %.

Conclusions. Weight loss ≥ 6 % is observed in 49.2 % of patients with CHF and LVEF≤35 %. According to multivariate analysis, independent predictors of BW loss of ≥6 % in patients with CHF and LVEF≤35 % are age, CRP level, III-IV NYHA class, lower cholesterol levels, as well as lower rates of flow-dependent vasodilator response and hip circumference.
RESEARCH OF SENSOMOTOR REACTION, MEMORY AND ATTENTION INDICIES UNDER SENSORY DEPRIVATION
Authors: Zagaykan Yulia , Spryn Oleksandr , Zagaykan Nikolay
Published: September 2019

The article considers the influence of sensory (visual and auditory) deprivation on a sensorimotor response, memory, and attention among 8-11 years old children. The literature review concludes that sensory deprivation causes discomfort and problems in perceiving of reality. Also, under the influence of various factors that damage body structures, compensatory reactions are launched to compensate for impaired functions. The processes that provide the body with the restoration of lost structures and impaired functions of the pathology are called «compensatory-adaptive processes». Having conducted statistical analysis of the obtained data of latent periods of different sensomotor responses among children with sensory deprivation and the control group, it is seen, that the level of stimuli in the form of figures was higher among children with hearing impairments, and in the form of sounds – in the group of children with visual impairments. According to the results of our study, we can assume that in groups of children with sensory deprivation the process of compensating the impaired function of a particular analyzer takes place at the expense of another one.
A Simplified Convolutional Network for Soil Pore Identification Based on Computed Tomography Imagery
Authors: Han Qiaoling , Zhao Yandong , Liu Lei , Chen Yuhong , Zhao Yue
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

Deep learning has significant performance for identifying soil pore structure.

The SCN method provides an intelligent technique to the soil micromorphology tool set.

The necessity to improve existing methods for pore structure identification is explained.

Advances of X‐ray computed tomography (CT) in soil micromorphology have motivated researchers to examine the internal structure of soil, particularly the geometry and spatial distribution of the pores. The effectiveness of CT data to characterize pore structures depends on how accurately the soil grayscale image is converted to the binary image. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose a simplified convolutional network (SCN) to automatically identify the solids and pore structures. To establish the pore identification model and assess the performance of the SCN, we obtain the correction image of pore structures by manual labeling. With automatic learning of the shallow features and the deep features of pore structures, the SCN can accurately identify the irregular boundary and complex structure from the complex hierarchical organization of soil. Compared with four commonly used identification methods in the literature, promising results were obtained with soil samples under different physical conditions. The SCN achieves an identification accuracy of 99.82%, an identification precision of 99.61%, and an identification recall of 99.93%, which are 1.20, 22.47, and 0.82% higher than that of the suboptimal method (fuzzy C‐means method), respectively. Overall, the experimental data illustrate that the SCN method can accurately identify the pore structures for soil CT imagery under different physical conditions. Moreover, this paper introduced state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligent technology into the soil field, which will provide an intelligent technique to the soil micromorphology tool set.
Sağlık Harcamaları ve Çevre Kirliliği: Asean-5 Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Panel Veri Analizi
Authors: Dumrul Yasemin
Published: September 2019

Sağlığı etkileyen
ve kötüleşen bir çevre ekonomik faaliyetler üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye yol
açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada çevre kirliliğinin ve ekonomik büyümenin sağlık
harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi ASEAN-5 ülkeleri için 2000-2014 dönemi ele
alınarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Pedroni, Kao ve panel FMOLS eş-bütünleşme
testleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda sağlık harcamaları, çevre kirliliği
ve ekonomik büyüme arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada çevre kirliliği ve ekonomik büyümenin sağlık
harcamalarını artırdığı bulgusuna da ulaşılmıştır.
Sanat Müzelerindeki Kopyalama Programlarının Tarihsel Temelleri ve Amerika’daki Uygulama Örnekleri
Authors: Külük Cihan
Published: September 2019

Görevini
konservasyonun ötesine taşıyan ve çağdaş müzeciliğin gereğini uygulayan sanat
müzeleri, sanatı üretenleri ve sanatı alımlayanları bir araya getirerek,
sanatın farklı bağlamlarıyla anlaşılmasına dönük çalışmalar sunmaktadır. Bu
çalışmaların başında, müzelerin sosyal hizmet çalışmaları kapsamında sunduğu,
sanatçıların istek ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda hazırlanan “kopyalama
programları” yer almaktadır. Sanatçıların ve sanat öğrencilerinin, sanat
eserlerini incelemelerine, teknik olarak analiz etmelerine ve anlamalarına yönelik
olarak sunulan bu program ile ayrıca sanatçıların ve müze ziyaretçilerinin bir
araya getirilmesi de hedeflenmektedir. Müzeler, kopyalama çalışmalarını
“sanatçının hem görsel hem de teknik sözlüğünü genişletip kendi eserini
zenginleştirebileceği” değerli bir yol olarak görmektedirler. Bu anlayış
doğrultusunda kopyalama programları, müzelerin eğitim misyonunun da önemli bir
parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Eski bir sanat formunun
kopyalanmasını temsil eden bu geleneğin, dünyanın en önemli sanat müzelerinden
biri olan Louvre’un halka açıldığı 1793 yılına dayandığı ve günümüzde de başta
Amerika olmak üzere, Avustralya, Danimarka, Fransa, İspanya, Hollanda,
İngiltere, İskoçya gibi gelişmiş ülkelerde de sürdürüldüğü görülmektedir.
Türkiye’deki sanat müzelerinde ise kopyalama programlarına yer verilmediği
görülmekte bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın, Türkiye’deki sanat müzeleri için örnek
teşkil edeceği ve alan yazınına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Sanat
müzelerindeki kopyalama programlarını tarihsel bağlamında ele alan ve Amerika’daki
sanat müzelerinde günümüzde gerçekleştirilen kopyalama programlarını betimlemeyi
amaçlayan bu çalışma, betimsel tarama modellinde olup, veriler doküman inceleme
tekniğiyle toplanmıştır.
Hormonal Contraception and the Brain: Examining Cognition and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Laird Stephanie , Ney Luke J. , Felmingham Kim L. , Gogos Andrea
Published: September 2019

Background:

The combined oral contraceptive pill (OC), containing synthetic estrogens and progestins, is used by millions of women worldwide, yet little is known about its effects on cognition or on psychiatric disorders. The progestin component of OCs determines their androgenicity, i.e. whether the OC has androgen binding components with masculinising effects or antiandrogenic components with feminising effects.

Objective:

The present review discusses the literature surrounding OC use and cognition in healthy women. Given the important role that sex hormones play in psychiatric disorders, we also consider the influence of OCs on symptoms of schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and indirectly, sleep quality.

Results:

Research has shown that while there are no differences between OC users and non-users, androgenic OCs enhance visuospatial ability and anti-androgenic OCs enhance verbal fluency. Little is known about OCs effects on other cognitive domains, such as memory and executive function. There is little research examining OC use in schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders. There is some evidence that OC use is associated with depression, however the exact causality of this association remains to be verified.

Conclusion:

We maintain that future studies need to address several methodological limitations, such as separating OCs based on androgenicity to avoid the masking effects that occur when various OCs are considered as one group. As this review highlights several significant effects of OC use on the brain, the implications of OC use needs to be considered in future research.
Recent Patents on Magnetic Encoder and its use in Rotating Mechanism
Authors: Wang Lei , Ren Qimin , Jiang Jingang , Zhang Hongxin , Zhang Yongde
Published: September 2019

Background:

The application of magnetic encoder relieves the problem of reliable application
of servo system in vibration field. The magnetic encoder raises the efficiency and reliability of the
system, and from structural considerations, the magnetic encoder is divided into two parts: signal conversion
and structural support.

Objective:

In order to improve the accuracy of the magnetic encoder, its structure is constantly improving.
To evaluate a magnetic encoder, the accuracy is a factor, meanwhile, the structure of magnetic encoder
is one of the key factors that make difference in the accuracy of magnetic encoder. The purpose of
this paper is to study the accuracy of different structures of magnetic encoder.

Methods:

This paper reviews various representative patents related to magnetic encoder.

Results:

The differences in different types of magnetic encoders were compared and analyzed and the
characteristics were concluded. The main problems in its development were analyzed, the development
trend forecasted, and the current and future developments of the patents on magnetic encoder were discussed.

Conclusion:

The optimization of the magnetic encoder structure improves the accuracy of magnetic encoder.
In the future, for wide popularization of magnetic encoder, modularization, generalization, and
reliability are the factors that practitioner should pay attention to, and more patents on magnetic encoder
should be invented.
Диагностика полей плотности фотометрическим теневым методом при гиперзвуковом обтекании конуса в легкогазовой баллистической установке
Authors: Храмцов П.П. , Васецкий В.А. , Грищенко В.М. , Дорошко М.В. , Черник М.Ю. , Махнач А.И. , Ших И.А.
Published: September 2019

A new method of hypersonic flow generation is proposed and the results of an experimental study of hypersonic flow past cones with half-angles = 3° and = 12° are presented. The Mach numbers of the studied incident flows were = 18 ( = 3°) and = 14.4 ( = 12°). The use of a light-gas facility, where an accelerating channel was replaced with Laval nozzle, allows us to obtain a hypersonic outflow with optical density sufficiently high for flow visualization and diagnostics with the help of optical methods. The flow structure was visualized by means of the shadow method using the Foucault knife and the slit. Shadowgraphs were recorded by a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 300,000 fps and an exposure time of 1 µs. The Mach number for the incident flow was calculated from the inclination angle of the shock wave on shadowgraphs.
Теория ленточной антенны, расположенной на плоской границе раздела одноосного магнитного метаматериала и изотропной среды
Authors: Заборонкова Т.М. , Зайцева А.С. , Кудрин А.В. , Юрасова Н.В.
Published: September 2019

A study is made of the electrodynamic characteristics of an antenna having the form of an infinitesimally thin, perfectly conducting narrow strip located at the plane interface of a uniaxial magnetic metamaterial and an isotropic magnetodielectric medium. The antenna is perpendicular to the anisotropy axis of the metamaterial and is excited by a time-harmonic given voltage. Singular integral equations for the antenna current are obtained in the case of an infinitely long strip conductor. Based on the solution of these equations, the current distribution and input impedance of the antenna are found and analyzed. The limits of applicability of an approximate method based on the transmission line theory for determining the antenna characteristics are established. Within the framework of this method, the results obtained are generalized to the case of a finite-length strip antenna.
Сравнительный анализ методов решения некорректных обратных задач для многоканальной гиперспектрометрии
Authors: Гурылева А.В. , Хорохоров А.М. , Латышев В.И.
Published: September 2019

AbstractA comparative analysis of various implementations of multichannel recording using optical filters is performed to improve the spectral resolution of multichannel hyperspectrometers at maintaining the high spatial resolution. The computing power of different means of multichannel data processing is considered as well. The recovery of spectral brightness density using multichannel recording data is shown to be an incorrect task. The methods proposed to solve it are wavelet transformation, Tikhonov’s regularization approach, and Godunov method. The spectral brightness density is simulated using the multichannel recording results taking into account the measurement error. The applicability limits are established for each method. It is supposed that the Tikhonov method is more resistant to measurement errors. Various approaches for selecting optical filters that participate in the multichannel recording are compared with respect to the final accuracy of spectral brightness density reconstruction using the recording data, which evidences the benefits of the classical method. The optimal combination of the amount of optical filters and the number of recording channels is found as well. The wide application necessitates three channels with four optical filters and eight channels with two optical filters.
Эффекты насыщения и самонасыщения в спектроскопии однонаправленных волн на переходы между уровнями с полным моментом J=1
Authors: Сапрыкин Э.Г. , Черненко А.А.
Published: September 2019

AbstractNonlinear absorption of a probe field in a system of degenerate levels of an atom characterized by a total moment of J = 1 in unidirectional waves is studied analytically and numerically taking into account saturation by its own spontaneous emission (OSE). The trends in changes of the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the nonlinear resonance associated with open and closed types of transitions for different polarizations of the waves that are introduced by self-saturation are established. Specific manifestations of the effect, including those related to magnetic coherence of levels, are revealed.
The impact of internal audit in the activation of risk management under the governance of banks
Authors: Alimoradi Afsar Ali , Ahmad Chya Kareem
Published: September 2019

The research aims to measure and evaluate the impact of internal audit on the efficiency of risk management under the principles of the bank governance in a sample of banks. Thus, internal audit is an important function of controlling financial and administrative performance. It has the impact of evaluating and measuring the efficiency of the use of available resources and strengthening the so-called governance as well as contributing to the assessment and management of risks, which enhances the opportunities of economic units and banks in the optimal use of resources.Internal Audit assists senior management and the board in the process of  theidentifying, assessing and responding to risks, by providing various assurance and advisory services during the implementation of the risk management process.
In order to achieve the objectives of the study and test its hypotheses, the study was based on primary and secondary data and the questionnaire was designed and the researchers used the Statistical Program (SPSS) to analyze the data.
It was concluded during the research that there is a clear impact of the internal audit profession on the risk management by improving its effectiveness and efficiency under the principles of bank governance shows through the internal audit has a prominent position in banks and because it is linked to the highest levels of management as an independent control and advisory tool.
The researchers present a set  of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to provide adequate financial and human resources for internal auditing in banks.
The study also recommended to strengthen the components of the independence of the internal auditor in order to be able to perform his duties to the fullest.
Key words :  Internal Audit , Risk Management , Banking Governance, Internal Auditor.
Gender Perspectives on Social Norms Surrounding Teen Pregnancy: A Thematic Analysis of Social Media Data
Authors: Barker Kathryn M , Subramanian S V , Selman Robert , Austin S Bryn
Published: September 2019

Background

Social concern with teen pregnancy emerged in the 1970s, and today’s popular and professional health literature continues to draw on social norms that view teen pregnancy as a problem—for the teen mother, her baby, and society. It is unclear, however, how adolescents directly affected by teen pregnancy draw upon social norms against teen pregnancy in their own lives, whether the norms operate differently for girls and boys, and how these social norms affect pregnant or parenting adolescents.

Objective

This research aims to examine whether and how US adolescents use, interpret, and experience social norms against teen pregnancy.

Methods

Online ethnographic methods were used for the analysis of peer-to-peer exchanges from an online social network site designed for adolescents. Data were collected between March 2010 and February 2015 (n=1662). Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software.

Results

American adolescents in this online platform draw on dominant social norms against teen pregnancy to provide rationales for why pregnancy in adolescence is wrong or should be avoided. Rationales range from potential socioeconomic harms to life-course rationales that view adolescence as a special, carefree period in life. Despite joint contributions from males and females to a pregnancy, it is primarily females who report pregnancy-related concerns, including experiences of bullying, social isolation, and fear.

Conclusions

Peer exchange in this online forum indicates that American adolescents reproduce prevailing US social norms of viewing teen pregnancy as a social problem. These norms intersect with the norms of age, gender, and female sexuality. Female adolescents who transgress these norms experience bullying, shame, and stigma. Health professionals must ensure that strategies designed to prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy do not simultaneously create hardship and stigma in the lives of young women who are pregnant and parent their children.
“Future Patient” Telerehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dinesen Birthe , Dittmann Lars , Gade Josefine Dam , Jørgensen Cecilia Klitgaard , Hollingdal Malene , Leth Soeren , Melholt Camilla , Spindler Helle , Refsgaard Jens
Published: September 2019

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 13%-15% of all deaths. Cardiac rehabilitation has poor compliance and adherence. Telerehabilitation has been introduced to increase patients’ participation, access, and adherence with the help of digital technologies. The target group is patients with heart failure. A telerehabilitation program called “Future Patient” has been developed and consists of three phases: (1) titration of medicine (0-3 months), (2) implementation of the telerehabilitation protocols (3 months), and (3) follow-up with rehabilitation in everyday life (6 months). Patients in the Future Patient program measure their blood pressure, pulse, weight, number of steps taken, sleep, and respiration and answer questions online regarding their well-being. All data are transmitted and accessed in the HeartPortal by patients and health care professionals.

Objective

The aim of this paper is to describe the research design, outcome measures, and data collection techniques in the clinical test of the Future Patient Telerehabilitation Program for patients with heart failure.

Methods

A randomized controlled study will be performed. The intervention group will follow the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program, and the control group will follow the traditional cardiac rehabilitation program. The primary outcome is quality of life measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are development of clinical data; illness perception; motivation; anxiety and depression; health and electronic health literacy; qualitative exploration of patients’, spouses’, and health care professionals’ experiences of participating in the telerehabilitation program; and a health economy evaluation of the program. Outcomes were assessed using questionnaires and through the data generated by digital technologies.

Results

Data collection began in December 2016 and will be completed in October 2019. The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. Results from the Future Patient Telerehabilitation program are expected to be published by the spring of 2020.

Conclusions

The expected outcomes are increased quality of life, increased motivation and illness perception, reduced anxiety and depressions, improved electronic health literacy, and health economics benefits. We expect the study to have a clinical impact for future telerehabilitation of patients with heart failure.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03388918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03388918

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/14517
Strengths and Weaknesses of Applying Cooperative Learning in Foreign Language Classrooms: A Case Study of Arab Learners’ Perspectives
Authors: Alsanie Reem , Sabir Mona
Published: September 2019

This study aims to explore the strengths and weaknesses of implementing Cooperative Learning (CL) in language classrooms from learners’ perspectives. Many studies have investigated the effect of CL on learners’ L2 production, but fewer studies have been conducted to discover the strengths and possible weaknesses of applying CL. Therefore, this study is undertaken to investigate Saudi learners’ views towards the strengths and weaknesses of implementing CL in foreign language classrooms. The participants are six low-level Saudi EFL learners enrolled in a general English course as part of their foundation year requirements. The participants were first given a language background questionnaire and a language proficiency test to determine their current proficiency levels. They were then exposed to CL in their language classes for a total of six hours, after which they were asked to take part in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were designed to gather the learners’ opinions of using CL activities in classrooms after they had experienced the use of it. The study outlines the strengths and weaknesses of CL as reported by the participants. Based on the findings, the study highlights some teaching implications for language practitioners and provides suggestions for future research.
Negotiating the Status of Architectural Photographs
Authors: Borree Sarah
Published: September 2019

Negotiating the Status of Architectural Photographs
The Influence of Motivation of Public Officials on their Corrupt Behavior in the System of Public Authority
Authors: Nisnevich Yu A , Tomilova E A
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the influence of motivation of public officials on their corrupt behavior. In the framework of normative-value conceptualization corruption is considered as anti-social, auto-destructive deviant behavior. The represented two-dimensional curve of motivation consists of two segments. The first, “thirst for recognition” segment consists of pro-social, positive and altruistic motives, and the second, “greed” segment consists of negative and selfish motives. This article shows that motivation, especially with external locus of control has a decisive influence on corrupt behavior as means of the goals achievement. Particularly, it directly allows public officials to use “aim justifies the means” principle, or indirectly predetermine the very aim of their actions.
Mechanism of ensuring financial sustainability of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Davydenko Nadiia , Nehoda Yuliia , Tytarchuk Iryna , Wasilewska Natalia
Published: September 2019

The aim of the research is summing up and improving theoretical and methodical approaches to determination of financial sustainability of agricultural enterprises. World and national experience of financial sustainability determination of entrepreneurial activities subjects were analyzed and summarized as well as system impact factors on formation of financial sustainability on the regional level and the group of agricultural enterprises level were examined. There are considerable formation specifics of the financial sustainability mechanism of agricultural enterprises. It means that main target of mechanism to ensure financial sustainability is to achieve financial security, their work stability and development today and in future. The method offers using complex of indicators that are closely connected with each other and define economic status and financial ability to continue enterprise activities and examine financial sustainability of an enterprise. The implementation of this approach to determine financial sustainability will increase the information background for further analyzation of financial opportunities.
Infrastruktura edukacyjna jako baza kształtowania kapitału ludzkiego w województwie wielkopolskim
Authors: Kozera-Kowalska Magdalena , Nowotarska Alina
Published: September 2019

W opracowaniu dokonano oceny czynników rzeczowych infrastruktury edukacyjnej jako bazy materialnej kształtowania kapitału ludzkiego. Problem analizowano w ujęciu regionalnym na przykładzie województwa wielkopolskiego. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie zmian zachodzących w sferze rzeczowej infrastruktury edukacyjnej tego województwa z założeniem, że jest ona jednym z wiodących czynników determinujących poziom wykształcenia mieszkańców. Prowadząc analizę, dokonano przeglądu literatury przedmiotu, a wynikające z niego ustalenia starano się udokumentować dostępnymi informacjami statystycznymi. Badania wykazały, że w okresie 2004-2017 nastąpił wzrost liczby placówek edukacyjnych w większości ich grup rodzajowych, zwiększyła się też liczba osób z nich korzystających. Pozytywnym efektem następujących zmian jest obserwowana poprawa poziomu wykształcenia mieszkańców województwa wielkopolskiego.
Smelting separation behaviors and mechanisms of high-alumina rich-manganese ore obtained from metallic reduction and magnetic separation
Authors: Gao L.-H. , Liu Z.-G. , Chu M.-S.
Published: September 2019

In this paper the smelting separation of high-alumina rich-manganese ore prepared with selective reduction and magnetic separation was proposed to produce the high carbon ferromanganese alloy (HCFeMn). The rational smelting separation parameters for high-alumina rich-manganese ore included the FC/O of 1.1, the smelting temperature of 1550?C, the smelting time of 60 min, and the basicity of 0.7. The smelting separation of high-alumina rich-manganese ore was achieved successfully. The content of Fe, C, Si and other impurities (P, S) were 12.13%, 6.73%, 0.17% and 0.14, 0.008, respectively. Especially, the recovery and the content of Mn reached 80.47% and 76.76%. The obtained high carbon ferromanganese alloy met the higher standard (FeMn78C8) of ferromanganese alloy, especially the content of Si P and S in the HCFeMn alloy was far below the standard value. Based on the SEM-EDS, XRD and thermodynamic calculation, the smelting and separation mechanisms of high-alumina rich-manganese ore was proposed to more effectively explain the effect of smelting parameters on slag/metal separation behaviors during the process of smelting HCFeMn alloys.
The effect of electroslag remelting on the cleanliness of CrNiMoWMnV ultrahigh-strength steels
Authors: Ali M. , Porter D. , Kömi J. , Heikkinen E.P. , Eissa M. , El Faramawy , Mattar T.
Published: September 2019

The cleanliness of ultrahigh-strength steels (UHSSs) without and with electroslag remelting (ESR) using a slag with the composition of 70% CaF2, 15% Al2O3, and 15% CaO was studied. Three experimental heats of UHSSs with different chemical compositions were designed, melted in an induction furnace, and refined using ESR. Cast ingots were forged at temperatures between 1100 and 950?C, air cooled, and their non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Thermodynamic calculations for the expected NMIs formed in the investigated steels with and without ESR were performed using FactSage 7.2 software while HSC Chemistry version 9.6.1 was used to calculate the standard Gibbs free energies (?G?). As a result of ESR the total impurity levels (TIL% = O% + N% + S%) and NMI contents decreased by as much as 46 % and 62 %, respectively. The NMIs were classified into four major classes: oxides, sulphides, nitrides, and complex multiphase inclusions. ESR brings about large changes in the area percentages, number densities, maximum equivalent circle diameters, and the chemical composition of the various NMIs. Most MnS inclusions were removed although some were re-precipitated on oxide or nitride inclusions leading to multiphase inclusions with an oxide or nitride core surrounded by sulphide, e.g. (MnS.Al2O3) and (MnS. TiN). Also, some sulphides are modified by Ca forming (CaMn)S and CaS.Al2O3. Some nitrides like TiN and (TiV)N are nucleated and precipitated during the solidification phase. Al2O3 inclusions were formed as a result of the addition of Al as a deoxidant to the ESR slag to prevent penetration of oxygen to the molten steel.
Significance of posterior acoustic enhancement ultrasonographic findings in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Stosic Jelena , Stosic Srdjan , Kukic Biljana , Protic Mladjan
Published: September 2019

Introduction. On ultrasound, hepatocellular carcinoma presents with nodular
or multinodular lesions of different size and echostructure, sometimes with
a surrounding halo, and lateral acoustic shadows or posterior acoustic
enhancement. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of
posterior acoustic enhancement in hepatocellular carcinoma. Material and
Methods. This retrospective study included 120 patients with pathologically
verified hepatocellular carcinoma who had undergone ultrasound examination
(using real time ultrasounds from different manufacturers, with 3.5 and 5
MHz probes). Ultrasound imaging focused on the size and appearance of the
focal lesions, i. e. echostructure and presence or absence of posterior
acoustic enhancement as areas of increased echogenicity behind the lesion.
Results. Posterior acoustic enhancement was observed in 47.3% of all nodular
hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas this ultrasound phenomenon was
statistically significantly more common in the group of tumors from 3 to 5
cm in size. In the group of multinodular tumors, posterior acoustic
enhancement was found in 70% of cases. Conclusion. The presence of posterior
acoustic enhancement in the detection of focal hepatic lesions may be a
significant finding in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially
in patients at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (cirrhosis and
chronic liver disease), as well as in monitoring interval growth in size of
focal lesions using this ultrasound phenomenon.
Application of the eighth edition of the American joint committee on cancer staging system for oral carcinoma
Authors: Mijatov Ivana , Mijatov Sasa
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common carcinoma
in the world. Annually, it accounts for 5% of all newly discovered cancers.
The most important prognostic factor is the stage of the disease. The tumor,
node, and metastasis staging system has been the cornerstone for clinical
classification of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Material and Methods. The
study included 65 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent
surgery at the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Clinical Center of
Vojvodina in Novi Sad. The tumor, node, and metastasis status was determined
according to 7th and 8th edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis
classification. Results. Statistical differences between the 7th and 8th
edition of tumor, node, and metastasis classification were examined. There
was also a change in the nodal status; in 20% of patients there was a
transition from N1 to N2, as a result of a more precise definition of nodal
status in patients with oral carcinoma. Conclusion. This research has
pointed out the significance of tumor size as a predictive factor in oral
squamous cell carcinoma, which indicates the importance of its local control
(for surgical and radiological treatment). The 8th edition of the tumor,
node, and metastasis classification for oral cavity cancers made a
significant shift by clearly defining depth of tumor invasion into the tumor
status.
Lower Fixed Retainers: Bonded On All Teeth Or Only On Canines?A Systematic review
Authors: Moda Larissa Barbosa , da Silva Barros Ana Luiza Correa , Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Normando David , Maia Lucianne Cople , dos Anjos Mendes Sissy Maria
Published: September 2019

Objective

To evaluate the stability after orthodontic treatment between two types of lower fixed retainers: those bonded onto all anterior teeth or those bonded only onto the canines.

Materials and Methods

The following electronic databases were consulted: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, OpenGrey, ClinicalTrials, and Google Scholar. No restriction of language or year were applied. After selection of studies, risk-of-bias evaluation and qualitative synthesis of the included studies were performed using The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized studies and the “Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions” (ROBINS-I) tool for nonrandomized studies, and a summary of the overall strength of evidence was presented using the “Grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation” tool.

Results

Among the 180 studies retrieved from the searches, five were included in this review. Three of them showed a low risk of bias, while two presented a high risk of bias. With regard to stability, two studies reported better stability for retainers bonded to all six teeth, while the other three showed no difference. The retainer bonded to all teeth presented a higher breakage rate in one study.

Conclusions

Stability seems better with lower fixed retainers bonded on all anterior teeth. The breakage rate may not change according to the bonding. However, studies with greater methodological soundness are necessary to reach a more reliable conclusion.
Mahremiyet Korumalı Büyük Veri Yayınlama İçin Kavramsal Model Önerileri
Authors: CANBAY Yavuz , VURAL Yılmaz , SAĞIROĞLU Şeref
Published: September 2019

Teknolojinin
gelişmesi ile beraber veri üretim ve işleme hızı artmış, bunun sonucu olarak
hacim, hız, çeşitlilik ve değer gibi bileşenlere sahip büyük veri kavramı
ortaya çıkmıştır. Büyük verilerden elde edilecek faydayı arttırmak için bu
verilerin mahremiyetini koruyarak paylaşmak veya yayınlamak gerekir. Literatür
incelendiğinde, büyük verinin mahremiyetini koruyarak yayınlanmasını kolaylaştıran
herhangi bir modelin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Mahremiyet Korumalı Büyük Veri
Yayınlama (Privacy Preserving Big Data Publishing – PPBDP) modellerinin
oluşturulması, büyük veri mahremiyeti koruma sürecindeki tüm tarafların doğru
bir şekilde yönlendirilmesi ve gereksinimlerinin doğru karşılanması, doğru alt
yapı ve hizmetlerin oluşturulması adına önemlidir. Ayrıca, bu modelleri
oluştururken maliyet ve güvenlik gibi faktörleri de göz önünde bulundurmak
gerekir.   

Bu çalışmada,
mahremiyet korumalı geleneksel veri yayınlama modelleri araştırılmış, çeşitli
kriterlere göre karşılaştırılarak mahremiyet risk seviyeleri değerlendirilmiş
ve bu risk seviyelerini de dikkate alan büyük veri temelli yeni kavramsal modeller
ilk defa önerilmiştir. Önerilen bu modeller senaryo temelli olarak
oluşturulmuş, üstünlükleri ve dezavantajları sunulmuştur. Önerilen modellerin,
büyük verilerin mahremiyetinin korunarak yayınlanması, mahremiyet risklerinin
minimize edilmesi ve büyük veriden maksimum faydanın sağlanması gibi pek çok konuda
katkılar sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Kavak Ağacı Kabuğu Esaslı Sorbentlerin 25 Tam Faktöriyel Deney Tasarımı Kullanılarak Boyarmadde Gideriminde Değerlendirilmesi ve %Giderim Etkinliğinin İstatistiksel Analizi
Authors: YARGIÇ Adife Şeyda
Published: September 2019

Tekstil sektörünün gelişimine bağlı
olarak atıksularda bulunan boyarmadde konsantrasyonunun artması çevre kirliliği
açısından ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, çevre bilincinin
artması ve sürdürülebilir yaşamın desteklenmesi sonucunda yeni giderim
süreçlerinin tasarımı ve çalışma koşullarının optimizasyonu ile ilgili
çalışmalar önem kazanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, ormansal/endüstriyel
atık olan ağaç kabuğunun sorbent olarak değerlendirilebilirliğinin incelenmesi
ve çalışma koşullarının optimize edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda, kavak ağacı kabuğu
hammadde olarak seçilmiş ve karbonize edildikten sonra iki farklı ajanla (KOH
ve K2CO3) aktive edilmiştir. 25 tam faktöriyel
deney tasarımı modeli kullanılarak deney setleri oluşturulmuş ve sorpsiyon
işlemi sonucu elde edilen %giderim etkinliği değerleri kullanılarak varyans
analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çözelti pH’ı, boyarmadde konsantrasyonu, temas
süresi, sorbent miktarı ve sıcaklık olmak üzere beş parametrenin birbiri ile
ilişkisi incelenmiş ve bütün sorbentler için en etkili parametrenin %95 güven
aralığında pH olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Kavak ağacı kabuğu ile yapılan
deneylerde ikili etkileşimlerin de etkili olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek
%giderim etkinliği değerine (%95,6 ) ise KOH ile aktive edilen sorbent
kullanıldığında ulaşılmıştır. İzoterm ve kinetik modellere göre, sorpsiyonun
tek tabakalı homojen yüzey üzerinde fizikokimyasal etkileşimler ile
gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ormansal/endüstriyel atıkların
değerlendirildiği çevre dostu ve giderim etkinliği yüksek süreçlerin tasarımı
ile boyarmadde içeren atıksular düşük maliyetle iyileştirilebilmektedir.
O Ciberativismo potencializado via memes: Uma análise de articulação de pautas políticas e sociais nas redes.
Authors: Mian Mariella Batarra , De Castilho Alessandra
Published: September 2019

A análise de ações coletivas online articuladas pelo uso memes traz a desconstrução de que a condição para existência deste fenômeno está relacionada a padrões estéticos ou linhas editoriais específicas. Os atores, que antes não tinham voz, estão percebendo que por meio das redes é possível despertar a opinião pública para temas relevantes. Assim, em dimensões diversas, a repercussão dos memes mostra que este elemento, por ser uma representação tipicamente cibernética, tornou-se uma relevante forma midiática de exercer ciberativismo. O fenômeno tem se mostrado potencialmente como um novo viés de expressão de pensamentos e opiniões e de fomento ao debate, transcendendo o âmbito online.
Multiculturalismo e formação docente: experiências em um Instituto Federal
Authors: Fortunato Ivan
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre a relação entre educação e multiculturalismo, especificamente na formação inicial de professores. O propósito principal é analisar, pela lente da teoria que propõe meios de fomentar o multiculturalismo na educação escolar, experiências didáticas desenvolvidas com licenciandos junto a distintos lugares da educação formal e não-formal. No artigo, além do diálogo com a literatura a respeito da relação educação-cultura, são descritas quatro atividades realizadas por e com estudantes da formação inicial de professores, que tinham como meta promover o encontro de diferenças culturais. Ao final, espera-se que este relato de experiência colabore com as discussões a respeito de tema tão complexo, que é a relação entre educação e multiculturalismo.