bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures
Authors: Wu Shuqiong , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2022

This study presents a contrastive analysis of antonym order in English and Chinese coordinate structures using a multifactorial corpus method. The analysis yields the following findings. First, antonym ordering in coordinate structures is driven largely by the same ordering constraints across the two languages.ChronologyandPositivityare the most prominent semantic motivating constraints, andMorphologyis the most important formal motivating constraint. Second, there are some differences in constraints on antonym ordering between English and Chinese.AgeandGenderexert a significant effect on Chinese antonym ordering, but show no effect on English antonym ordering.Hierarchical Superioritysignificantly affects Chinese antonym ordering, but has only a marginal effect on English antonym ordering. Furthermore, this study explores the motivations underlying these similarities and differences and argues that there is a clear correlation between iconicity and antonym order. The exploration reveals that their similarities in semantic constraints may be attributed to the iconicity of closeness and the iconicity of temporal sequence, while their differences may be ascribed to the iconicity of cultural values and norms. Their similarities in formal constraints stem from cognitive accessibility. These findings provide further evidence that antonym order is determined by general cognitive principles.
Multiple construction types for nominal expressions in Australian languages
Authors: Louagie Dana
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the rich diversity in structural possibilities that are available for (simple) nominal expressions in Australian languages. First, I identify a number of construction types found across a 50 language sample, which may be recognised by using a restricted set of parameters. I show that an important factor is whether a given parameter (such as word order) is generalised or displayed only by some word classes. Second, I develop a four-way typology based on how the construction types cluster in individual languages. Two types are described to some extent in the literature, but I provide a more detailed characterisation: one mostly has flexible, non-phrasal expressions and the other mostly rigid noun phrases. The other two types have not been described as such. One mostly has flexible phrases, which combine internal flexibility with phrasal case marking, and the other has distinct construction types depending on the type of modifier.
The history of the polyfunctional 𗗙jij1 in Tangut
Authors: Zhang Shuya
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the history of a polyfunctional case marker𗗙jij1in Tangut, an extinct Rgyalrongic language (Sino-Tibetan). This versatile case morpheme is a typological rarity of maximum syncretism among several abstract case functions, including differential object marking, the genitive, and the oblique (which overlaps with the dative). For one thing, accusatives originating from datives or spatial sources are rarely found with additional genitive functions; for another, reported instances of accusative/genitive syncretism seldom include other functions. The principal hypothesis of this paper is that the Tangut𗗙jij1may be the result of multiple grammaticalization processes stemming from a proto-locative source. These processes can be subsumed under two pathways, one leading from an allative to an accusative, with an intermediate oblique stage, and the other from a locative to a genitive. Although both of these development pathways are frequently attested, the Tangut𗗙jij1remains a typological rarity due to their superposition.
Sustainability Education via Marketing in America’s National Parks: A Case Study Utilizing Smokey Bear to Create a New Educational Strategy and Symbol
Authors: Pons Sydney , Weber Dr. Melvin
Published: December 2022

The case presented challenges the reader to brainstorm feasible, sustainable tourism marketing strategies and interpretation services to implement in National Parks. Through secondary data, Yellowstone National Park is showcased as a leader in sustainable tourism. With a continued increase in international and domestic visitors, the park faces sustainability challenges. Although many sustainable practices exist, research suggests an increased interest and need to educate community members and tourists on sustainable travel and tourism practices. Education services are interconnected with on-going marketing efforts and often are directly influenced by these efforts. This case will use an American marketing figurehead for the reader to conceptualize past conservation efforts to present a theoretical framework for a contemporary marketing figurehead to represent sustainable tourism and travel practices.

Information

Proposed during a graduate course and adapted into a case study during doctoral studies. Insight used from career experience in Yellowstone National Park.

© The Author 2022
Global regularity for Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes systems with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Lee Fizay-Noah
Published: December 2022

We consider electrodiffusion of ions in fluids, described by the Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes system, in three-dimensional bounded domains, with mixed blocking (no-flux) and selective (Dirichlet) boundary conditions for the ionic concentrations and Robin boundary conditions for the electric potential, representing the presence of an electrical double layer. We prove global existence of strong solutions for large initial data in the case of two oppositely charged ionic species. The result hold unconditionally in the case where fluid flow is described by the Stokes equations. In the case of Navier–Stokes coupling, the result holds conditionally on Navier–Stokes regularity. We use a simplified argument to also establish global regularity for the case of purely blocking boundary conditions for the ionic concentrations for two oppositely charged ionic species and also for more than two species if the diffusivities are equal and the magnitudes of the valences are also equal.
Uniform regularity estimates and inviscid limit for the compressible non-resistive magnetohydrodynamics system
Authors: Cui Xiufang , Li Shengxin , Xie Feng
Published: December 2022

We are concerned with the uniform regularity estimates of solutions to the two dimensional compressible non-resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with the no-slip boundary condition on velocity in the half plane. Under the assumption that the initial magnetic field is transverse to the boundary, the uniform conormal energy estimates are established for the solutions to compressible MHD equations with respect to the small viscosity coefficient. As a direct consequence, we proved the inviscid limit of solutions from viscous MHD systems to the ideal MHD systems in

L
∞

sense by some compact arguments. Our results show that the transverse magnetic field near the boundary can prevent the strong boundary layers from occurring.
Modelling and mitigating flux jumps in bulk high-temperature superconductors during quasi-static, high-field magnetisation
Authors: Cientanni V , Ainslie M D
Published: December 2022

(RE)-Ba2Cu3O

7
−
δ

bulk superconductors acting as permanent trapped field magnet analogues have been shown to trap fields in excess of 17 T. However, the occurrence of thermomagnetic instabilities during their magnetisation process can limit their performance. In 2019, Naito et al trapped 15.1 T in a (Y)-BaCuO bulk pair under applied fields of up to 22 T (2019 J. Appl. Phys.
126 243901), whilst also documenting the mechanical failure of the bulks due to a flux jump. Here, we accurately numerically model this experiment and the observed flux jump, providing insight into the experimental results, such as the role of heating, the presence of thermal gradients, and a possible reason for the location of the bulk-pair fracturing. Extending the study with an investigation into the role of enhanced cooling of the bulk-pair, the influence of cooling power on the calculated trapped field and flux jump is explored. Finally, we propose and numerically investigate a new composite bulk configuration, consisting of stacks of (Y)-BaCuO bulk and interspaced metallic discs, to enhance the thermal stability of the bulk pair, to ultimately improve the trapped field performance.
Evidence of fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition in active matter
Authors: Di Carlo Luca , Scandolo Mattia
Published: December 2022

We investigate the effects of density fluctuations on the near-ordering phase of a flock by studying the Malthusian Toner–Tu theory. Because of the birth/death process, characteristic of this Malthusian model, density fluctuations are partially suppressed. We show that unlike its incompressible counterpart, where the absence of the density fluctuations renders the ordering phase transition similar to a second-order phase transition, in the Malthusian theory density fluctuations may turn the phase from continuous to first-order. We study the model using a perturbative renormalization group approach. At one loop, we find that the renormalization group flow drives the system in an unstable region, suggesting a fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition.
Correlations and energy in mediated dynamics
Authors: Krisnanda Tanjung , Lee Su-Yong , Noh Changsuk , Kim Jaewan , Streltsov Alexander , Liew Timothy C H , Paterek Tomasz
Published: December 2022

The minimum time required for a quantum system to evolve to a distinguishable state is set by the quantum speed limit, and consequently influences the change of quantum correlations and other physical properties. Here we study the time required to maximally entangle two principal systems interacting either directly or via a mediating ancillary system, under the same energy constraints. The direct interactions are proved to provide the fastest way to entangle the principal systems, but it turns out that there exist mediated dynamics that are just as fast. We show that this can only happen if the mediator is initially correlated with the principal systems. These correlations can be fully classical and can remain classical during the entangling process. The final message is that correlations save energy: one has to supply extra energy if maximal entanglement across the principal systems is to be obtained as fast as with an initially correlated mediator.
kHz pulse generation with Brillouin erbium fiber laser
Authors: Ali H N A , Arsad N , Zulkipli N F , Rosol A H A , Paul M C , Yasin M , Harun S W
Published: December 2022

Narrow linewidth light lasers are critical for many applications including quantum computing, spectroscopy, and sensing. Stimulated Brillouin scattering is a promising approach to realize highly coherent light laser emission. Here we report demonstration of a pulsed Brillouin erbium fiber laser (BEFL) operating at kHz regime. The BEFL operates at 1550.1 nm, which is upshifted by 0.09 nm from the Brillouin pump wavelength as the erbium-doped fiber was pumped above the threshold of 24.8 mW. It has a peak power of −8.4 dBm with a side-mode suppression ratio of 32 dB at 980 nm pump power of 70.5 mW. At 24.8 mW pump, the BEFL produced a pulse train operating at 12.57 kHz due to the inherent instability in relaxation oscillation, which causes the nonlinear self-pulsing mechanism in the BEFL cavity. The pulse rate increased to 77.11 kHz. As the pump power is raised to 36.2 mW. However, the more than one pulses were generated as the pump power is further increased. This is the first demonstration of a stable kHz pulse generation in BEFL cavity. The laser system is simple, compact and in all-fiber configuration.
Study of wavelength-switchable watt-level blue external cavity diode laser for NO2 S-DIAL
Authors: Peng Xiqing , Luo Weixuan , Bai Yun , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yusheng , Ling Qiang , Chen Hao , Luo Si , Guan Zuguang , Chen Daru
Published: December 2022

A 2.3 W wavelength-switchable blue external cavity diode laser (ECDL) was studied. The laser was built on Littrow configuration and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) driver was employed to change the Littrow angle for wavelength tuning. Its emitting wavelength can be switched between 447.46 nm and 448.10 nm which are the required wavelengths for NO2 differential absorption lidar application. The measured spectral linewidth of the proposed ECDL was 0.08 nm. The main peak was at least 35 dB stronger than its adjacent freely running emission peak and background amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The wavelength switching dynamics were inspected and shows good repeatability at frequencies of 16.7 Hz and 50 Hz.
Transient behaviors of the pulsating dissipative solitons in a net normal-dispersion fiber laser
Authors: Lu Mengxiang , Wang Xude , Li Kaixin , Geng Xu , Pan Jieyu , Sun Mengqiu , Li Suwen
Published: December 2022

As one of the universal phenomena in diverse fields, pulsating solitons exhibit charming and complex transient behaviors. Herein, based on the dispersive Fourier transform technique, three typical types of dissipative soliton pulsations are unveiled in a net normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser. According to their different oscillation modes, they are divided into single-period soliton pulsation, double-period soliton pulsation and asynchronous soliton pulsation. In particular, for the double-period soliton pulsation, the pulse shape repeats itself after two pulsations. Moreover, for asynchronous soliton pulsation, the dual-soliton evolve at different rates during the pulsation process, leading to the appearance of asynchronous phenomena. The findings will provide new insights into the complex mechanisms of soliton pulsation in fiber lasers and nonlinear dissipative systems.
Nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation of W-state codes using invariant-based reverse engineering
Authors: Wang Sheng , Ni Wen-Shu , Chen Ze-Wen , Feng Bao , Ning Yu , Kang Yi-Hao , Xia Yan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we propose a protocol to realize nonadiabatic geometric quantum computation (NGQC)of W-state codes in a spin system using invariant-based reverse engineering. The Heisenberg XY interaction of spin qubits provides a two-dimensional computational subspace spanned by a pair of W states. By applying a time-dependent magnetic on the spin qubits, we realize the effective Pauli operations for the computational subspace. Assisted by the invariant-based reverse engineering, the waveform of the control field is designed and the evolution paths for the NGQC is found. The performance of the protocol under the influence of experimental imperfections is estimated by the numerical simulations with available parameters. The results demonstrate that the protocol is robust against systematic error, random noise and decoherence. Therefore, the protocol may be promising to implement fast and robust manipulation of W states in spin systems.
Bottom-up approaches to microLEDs emitting red, green and blue light based on GaN nanowires and relaxed InGaN platelets
Authors: Bi Zhaoxia , Gustafsson Anders , Samuelson Lars
Published: December 2022

Miniaturization of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with sizes down to a few micrometers has become a hot topic in both academia and industry due to their attractive applications on self-emissive displays for high-definition televisions, augmented/mixed realities and head-up displays, and also on optogenetics, high-speed light communication, etc. The conventional top-down technology uses dry etching to define the LED size, leading to damage to the LED side walls. Since sizes of microLEDs approach the carrier diffusion length, the damaged side walls play an important role, reducing microLED performance significantly from that of large area LEDs. In this paper, we review our efforts on realization of microLEDs by direct bottom-up growth, based on selective area metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy. The individual LEDs based on either GaN nanowires or InGaN platelets are smaller than 1 μm in our approach. Such nano-LEDs can be used as building blocks in arrays to assemble microLEDs with different sizes, avoiding the side wall damage by dry etching encountered for the top-down approach. The technology of InGaN platelets is especially interesting since InGaN quantum wells emitting red, green and blue light can be grown on such platelets with a low-level of strain by changing the indium content in the InGaN platelets. This technology is therefore very attractive for highly efficient microLEDs of three primary colors for displays.
Estimation of far-field wavefront error of tilt-to-length distortion coupling in space-based gravitational wave detection
Authors: Tao Ya-Zheng , Jin Hong-Bo , Wu Yue-Liang
Published: December 2022

In space-based gravitational wave detection, the estimation of far-field wavefront error of the distorted beam is the precondition for the noise reduction. Zernike polynomials are used to describe the wavefront error of the transmitted distorted beam. The propagation of a laser beam between two telescope apertures is calculated numerically. Far-field wavefront error is estimated with the absolute height of the peak-to-valley phase deviation between the distorted Gaussian beam and a reference distortion-free Gaussian beam. The results show that the pointing jitter is strongly related to the wavefront error. Furthermore, when the jitter decreases 10 times from 100 nrad to 10 nrad, the wavefront error reduces for more than an order of magnitude. In the analysis of multi-parameter minimization, the minimum of wavefront error tends to Z[5,3] Zernike in some parameter ranges. Some Zernikes have a strong correlation with the wavefront error of the received beam. When the aperture diameter increases at Z[5,3] Zernike, the wavefront error is not monotonic and has oscillation. Nevertheless, the wavefront error almost remains constant with the arm length increasing from 10−1 Mkm to 103 Mkm. When the arm length decreases for three orders of magnitude from 10−1 Mkm to 10−4 Mkm, the wavefront error has only an order of magnitude increasing. In the range of 10−4 Mkm to 103 Mkm, the lowest limit of the wavefront error is from 0.5 fm to 0.015 fm at Z[5,3] Zernike and 10 nrad jitter.
About the possibility of natural emergency risk management in mountain areas by thermal impact on the surface troposphere layer
Authors: Kholoptsev A V , Sedov D V , Shubkin R G
Published: December 2022

A pressing issue in managing the risks of wildfires in mountain regions of the world is improving the management of rainfall intensity over their territories. The relative humidity of the air in which precipitation should be initiated is an important factor in the effectiveness of such techniques. In mountains, forced convection on windward slopes has led to a significant increase in rainfall. At the same time, the humidity of the air entering the downwind slopes is reduced, thus increasing the fire risk on them. It has been hypothesized that it is possible to increase the humidity of the air entering the leeward slopes of the mountains by initiating thermal convection on their windward slopes. Its fairness is confirmed by the model of mountain mossiv with parameters corresponding to the southern slope of the Ai-Petra Yayla (Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains). The weather conditions characteristic of this area during the summer months were considered. The method of the study consisted in numerically solving complete nonlinear thermometer equations using Fire Dinamic Simulator (FDS) programs. It has been established that excitation of thermal convection on a local part of the windward slope of the mountains can cause a significant increase in the height of the dew point above the whole of this slope, which the advanced hypothesis confirms. The results show that it is possible to apply the methodology considered for the suppression of forest and other natural fires on leeward slopes of mountains.
Effect of low-frequency vibrations on the characteristics of the diffusion flame
Authors: Agafontsev M V , Reyno V V
Published: December 2022

The paper considers the effect of low-amplitude acoustic oscillations on the temperature field in the flame formed during the combustion of kerosene gasoline. As a result of using the IRT-method, sets of thermograms of the combustion process were obtained. For the obtained thermograms, the distribution of high-temperature inhomogeneities in the flame plume was analyzed. As a result, it was obtained that the effect of acoustic oscillations on the flame plume causes a change in the height of the plume, a change in the combustion rate. When analyzing the spectra of temperature changes, characteristic pulsations, which are different, depending on the flame zone, were observed. Analysis of the distribution of temperature inhomogeneities under different modes of exposure to pressure pulsations, allowed to identify the characteristic modes in which there is a change in the geometric dimensions of the temperature inhomogeneity distribution zone.
Laboratory and Bench Methodology to Test Fire Suppressant Effectiveness in Aviation Method of Extinguishing of Forest Fires
Authors: Kopylov N P , Strizhak P A , Kopylov S N , Kuznetsov A E , Yu Sushkina E
Published: December 2022

Laboratory and bench tests for evaluation of fire retaining and fire extinguishing properties of agents used for fighting forest fires are described. The methodology gives not only a possibility to understand the effectiveness of the agents themselves but also to determine the characteristics of their discharge from an aircraft, in particular, the length and width of the wetted strip, the irrigation density and the flight altitude. Laboratory experiments confirm high fire retaining efficiency of aqueous solutions of magnesium halides and diammonium phosphate which cause significant delay in ignition time and substantial increase in ignition temperature for wood treated with these solutions. The efficiency of the halides significantly increases in the row MgCl2 < MgBr2 < MgI2. It was also shown by the experiments that the irrigation density by aqueous solutions necessary to extinguish grassroots and crown forest fires decreases when using Firex wetting agent and increases for bischofite and bentonite.
Declining winter heat loss threatens continuing ocean convection at a Mediterranean dense water formation site
Authors: Josey Simon A , Schroeder Katrin
Published: December 2022

A major change in winter sea surface heat loss between two key Mediterranean dense water formation sites, the North–West Mediterranean (NWMed) and the Aegean Sea, since 1950 is revealed using atmospheric reanalyses. The NWMed heat loss has weakened considerably (from −154 Wm−2 in 1951–1985 to −137 Wm−2 in 1986–2020) primarily because of reduced latent heat flux. This long-term weakening threatens continued dense water formation, and we show by evaluation of historical observations that winter-time ocean convection in the NWMed has declined by 40% from 1969 to 2018. Extension of the heat flux analysis reveals changes at other key dense water formation sites that favour an eastward shift in the locus of Mediterranean convection towards the Aegean Sea (where heat loss has remained unchanged at −172 Wm−2). The contrasting behaviour is due to differing time evolution of sea-air humidity and temperature gradients. These gradients have weakened in the NWMed due to more rapid warming of the air than the sea surface but remain near-constant in the Aegean. The different time evolution reflects the combined effects of global heating and atmospheric circulation changes which tend to offset heating in the Aegean but not the NWMed. The shift in heat loss has potentially significant consequences for dense water formation at these two sites and outflow to the Atlantic. Our observation of differential changes in heat loss has implications for temporal variations in the balance of convection elsewhere e.g. the Labrador-Irminger-Nordic Seas nexus of high latitude Atlantic dense water formation sites.
Changing climate sensitivity of secondary growth following extreme drought events in forest ecosystems: a global analysis
Authors: Leifsson Christopher , Buras Allan , Rammig Anja , Zang Christian
Published: December 2022

Understanding tree-response to extreme drought events is imperative for maintaining forest ecosystem services under climate change. While tree-ring derived secondary growth measurements are often used to estimate direct and lagging drought impacts, so-called drought legacies, underlying physiological responses remain difficult to constrain across species and site conditions. As extreme droughts may alter the functioning of plants in terms of resource allocation being shifted towards repair and physiological adjustments, climate control on growth may consequently be altered until physiological recovery is completed. In this context, we here advance the concept of drought legacy effects by quantifying ‘functional legacies’ as climate sensitivity deviations (CSD) of secondary growth after droughts, i.e. temporary alterations of climate-growth relations. We quantified climate sensitivity deviations after extreme drought events by applying linear mixed-effects models to a global-scale, multi-species tree-ring dataset and differentiated responses by clades, site aridity and hydraulic safety margins (HSMs). We found that while direct secondary growth legacies were common across these groups, responses in post-drought climate sensitivity deviations were nuanced. Gymnosperms showed weaker coupling between secondary growth and the dominant climatic driver after droughts, a response that was narrowed down to gymnosperms with a small HSM, i.e. risky hydraulic strategy. In comparison, angiosperms instead showed stronger coupling between secondary growth and the dominant climatic driver following droughts, which was narrowed down to the angiosperms growing in arid sites. These results are consistent with current understanding of physiological impairment and carbon reallocation mechanisms, and the distinct functional responses suggest functional legacies quantified by climate sensitivity deviations is a promising avenue for detecting and thus studying physiological mechanisms underlying drought-responses in tree growth on large scales.
How many mutually unbiased bases are needed to detect bound entangled states?
Authors: Bae Joonwoo , Bera Anindita , Chruściński Dariusz , Hiesmayr Beatrix C , McNulty Daniel
Published: December 2022

From a practical perspective it is advantageous to develop methods that verify entanglement in quantum states with as few measurements as possible. In this paper we investigate the minimal number of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) needed to detect bound entanglement in bipartite

(
d
×
d
)

-dimensional states, i.e. entangled states that are positive under partial transposition. In particular, we show that a class of entanglement witnesses (EWs) composed of MUBs can detect bound entanglement if the number of measurements is greater than

d

/

2
+
1

. This is a substantial improvement over other detection methods, requiring significantly fewer resources than either full quantum state tomography or measuring a complete set of d + 1 MUBs. Our approach is based on a partial characterisation of the (non-)decomposability of EWs. We show that non-decomposability is a universal property of MUBs, which holds regardless of the choice of complementary observables, and we find that both the number of measurements and the structure of the witness play an important role in the detection of bound entanglement.
Electrical discharge machining- a futuristic technique for surface engineering of biomedical alloys: a concise review
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Devgan Sandeep , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh
Published: December 2022

Electrical discharge machining(EDM) has proven effective in the processing of tough and complicated structural materials that are often challenging to manufacture or alter using traditional machining techniques. EDM represents a promising technique for the surface engineering of biomedical devices. In this article, electrical discharge machining is discussed for its high precision in surface modification as well as surface properties. According to previous studies on this non-traditional machining technique, optimizing critical EDM process variables such as pulse duration, voltage, current, polarity, dielectric fluid, and electrodes can yield adequate surface integrity and bioactive coating on alloys. As a result, the EDM process could be prospectively employed to examine issues including bioimplant manufacture and precision modeling.
Impact of crystalline defects in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers on the electrical characteristics and blocking capability of SiC power devices
Authors: Kodolitsch E , Sodan V , Krieger M , Weber Heiko B , Tsavdaris N
Published: December 2022

In this study, we report the impact of structural 4H-SiC epitaxial defects on the electrical characteristics and blocking capabilities of SiC power devices. The detection and classification of the various crystal defects existing in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and substrates was carried out with a commercial inspection tool using an optical microscope with a photoluminescence channel (PL). After the fabrication of dedicated test structures, devices that contain a single crystal defect were selected and electrically tested in reverse bias mode. Photon emission microscopy was performed to enable the localization of the leakage current spots within the devices. Thus, a direct correlation of the various crystal defects with the reduced blocking capability mechanism was made. This evaluation helps to set directions and build a strategy towards the reduction of critical defects in order to improve the performance of SiC devices for high power applications.
The 𝑊^{𝑠,𝑝}-boundedness of stationary wave operators for the Schrödinger operator with inverse-square potential
Authors: Miao Changxing , Su Xiaoyan , Zheng Jiqiang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we investigate the

W

s
,
p

W^{s,p}

-boundedness for stationary wave operators of the Schrödinger operator with inverse-square potential
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper L Subscript a Baseline equals negative normal upper Delta plus StartFraction a Over StartAbsoluteValue x EndAbsoluteValue squared EndFraction comma a greater-than-or-equal-to minus StartFraction left-parenthesis d minus 2 right-parenthesis squared Over 4 EndFraction comma">

L

a

=
−
Δ
+

a

|

x

|

2

,

a
≥
−

(
d
−
2

)
2

4

,

\begin{equation*} \mathcal L_a=-\Delta +\tfrac {a}{|x|^2}, \quad a\geq -\tfrac {(d-2)^2}{4}, \end{equation*}

in dimension

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

. We construct the stationary wave operators in terms of integrals of Bessel functions and spherical harmonics, and prove that they are

W

s
,
p

W^{s,p}

-bounded for certain

p
p

and

s
s

which depend on

a
a

. As corollaries, we solve some open problems associated with the operator

L

a

\mathcal L_a

, which include the dispersive estimates and the local smoothing estimates in dimension

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

. We also generalize some known results such as the uniform Sobolev inequalities, the equivalence of Sobolev norms and the Mikhlin multiplier theorem, to a larger range of indices. These results are important in the description of linear and nonlinear dynamics for dispersive equations with inverse-square potential.
The lady’s ‘slippery’ orchid: functions of the floral trap and aphid mimicry in a hoverfly-pollinated Phragmipedium species in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso João C F , Johnson Steven D , Rezende Uiara C , Oliveira Paulo E
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Trap flowers are fascinating cases of adaptation, often linked to oviposition-site mimicry systems. Some trap flowers do not imprison pollinators for a pre-determined period, but rather force them to move through a specific path, manipulating their movements in a way that culminates in pollen transfer, often as they leave through a secondary opening.

Methods

We investigated the previously unknown pollination system of the lady’s slipper orchid Phragmipedium vittatum and assessed the function of micro-morphological traits of its trap flowers.

Key Results

Our observations revealed that P. vittatum is pollinated by females of two hoverfly species (Syrphidae). Eggs laid by flies on or near raised black spots on the flowers indicate that the orchid mimics aphids which serve as food for their aphidophagous larvae. Dark, elevated aphid-like spots appear to attract the attention of hoverflies to a slipping zone. This region has downward projecting papillate cells and mucilage secretion that promote slipperiness, causing potential pollinators to fall into the labellum. They then follow a specific upward route towards inner aphid-like spots by holding onto upward oriented hairs that aid their grip. As hoverflies are funnelled by the lateral constriction of the labellum, they pass the stigma, depositing pollen they may be carrying. Later, they squeeze under one of the articulated anthers which places pollen smears onto their upper thorax. Then, they depart through one of the narrow lateral holes by holding onto hairs projecting from the petals.

Conclusions

This study confirms the system of aphid mimicry in Phragmipedium and highlights the sophisticated micro-morphological traits used by trap flowers in pollinator attraction, trapping, guidance and release, thus promoting precise pollen transfer.
Above and belowground traits impacting transpiration decline during soil drying in 48 maize (Zea mays) genotypes
Authors: Koehler Tina , Schaum Carolin , Tung Shu-Yin , Steiner Franziska , Tyborski Nicolas , Wild Andreas J , Akale Asegidew , Pausch Johanna , Lueders Tillmann , Wolfrum Sebastian , Mueller Carsten W , Vidal Alix , Vahl Wouter K , Groth Jennifer , Eder Barbara , Ahmed Mutez A , Carminati Andrea
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Stomatal regulation allows plants to promptly respond to water stress. However, our understanding of the impact of above and belowground hydraulic traits on stomatal regulation remains incomplete. The objective of this study was to investigate how key plant hydraulic traits impact transpiration of maize during soil drying. We hypothesize that the stomatal response to soil drying is related to a loss in soil hydraulic conductivity at the root–soil interface, which in turn depends on plant hydraulic traits.

Methods

We investigate the response of 48 contrasting maize (Zea mays) genotypes to soil drying, utilizing a novel phenotyping facility. In this context, we measure the relationship between leaf water potential, soil water potential, soil water content and transpiration, as well as root, rhizosphere and aboveground plant traits.

Key Results

Genotypes differed in their responsiveness to soil drying. The critical soil water potential at which plants started decreasing transpiration was related to a combination of above and belowground traits: genotypes with a higher maximum transpiration and plant hydraulic conductance as well as a smaller root and rhizosphere system closed stomata at less negative soil water potentials.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the importance of belowground hydraulics for stomatal regulation and hence drought responsiveness during soil drying. Furthermore, this finding supports the hypothesis that stomata start to close when soil hydraulic conductivity drops at the root–soil interface.
Transcriptomic analysis of testis and epididymis tissues from Banna mini-pig inbred line boars with single-molecule long-read sequencing
Authors: Wang Pei , Zhang Xia , Huo Hailong , Li Weizhen , Liu Zhipeng , Wang Lina , Li Luogang , Sun Yu H , Huo Jinlong
Published: December 2022

In mammals, testis and epididymis are critical components of the male reproductive system for androgen production, spermatogenesis, sperm transportation, as well as sperm maturation. Here, we report single-molecule real-time sequencing data from the testis and epididymis of the Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI), a promising laboratory animal for medical research. We obtained high-quality full-length transcriptomes and identified 9879 isoforms and 8761 isoforms in the BMI testis and epididymis, respectively. Most of the isoforms we identified have novel exon structures that will greatly improve the annotation of testis- and epididymis-expressed genes in pigs. We also found that 3055 genes (over 50%) were shared between BMI testis and epididymis, indicating widespread expression profiles of genes related to reproduction. We characterized extensive alternative splicing events in BMI testis and epididymis and showed that 96 testis-expressed genes and 79 epididymis-expressed genes have more than six isoforms, revealing the complexity of alternative splicing. We accurately defined the transcribed isoforms in BMI testis and epididymis by combining Pacific Biotechnology Isoform-sequencing (PacBio Iso-Seq) and Illumina RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. The refined annotation of some key genes governing male reproduction will facilitate further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying BMI male sterility. In addition, the high-confident identification of 548 and 669 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these two tissues has established a candidate gene set for future functional investigations. Overall, our study provides new insights into the role of the testis and epididymis during BMI reproduction, paving the path for further studies on BMI male infertility.
Quantitative proteomic analysis uncovers protein-expression profiles during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mice
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Mu Lu , Wang Haoran , Xu Xueqiang , Jia Longzhong , Niu Shudong , Wang Yibo , Wang Peike , Li Lingyu , Chai Junyi , Li Zhen , Zhang Yan , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2022

Ovarian follicle is the basic functional unit of female reproduction, and is composed of oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. In mammals, folliculogenesis strictly rely on gonadotropin regulations to determine the ovulation and the quality of eggs. However, the dynamic changes of protein-expressing profiles in follicles at different developmental stages remain largely unknown. By performing mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis of mouse follicles, we provide a proteomic database (~3000 proteins) that covers three key stages of gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis. By combining bioinformatics analysis with in situ expression validation, we showed that our proteomic data well reflected physiological changes during folliculogenesis, which provided potential to predict unknown regulators of folliculogenesis. Additionally, by using the oocyte structural protein zona pellucida protein 2 as the internal control, we showed the possibility of our database to predict the expression dynamics of oocyte-expressing proteins during folliculogenesis. Taken together, we provide a high-coverage proteomic database to study protein-expression dynamics during gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis in mammals.
Pumps and poetry
Authors: Senior Melanie R
Published: December 2022

This article explores a lifetime involved in the child protection system from a unique autoethnographic perspective. Providing a descriptive account of the negative language, stereotypes and expectations, I have both experienced and witnessed in Victoria, Australia, I examine how the nexus between records, recordkeeping practices, the legal system, rights and Care experienced people perpetuates discrimination, and disadvantage and denies Care experienced people their rights. As research has grown, so has the recognition of the importance of recordkeeping to Care experienced people. This has been followed by demands that records be inclusive of the child, providing greater agency and autonomy. Academic and some Care experienced people are now seeking a Charter of Lifelong Rights in Childhood Recordkeeping in Out-of-Home Care. However, I recommend that there is a fundamental need to examine and understand the nexus between records, recordkeeping practices, the legal system, rights and Care experienced people. All the reforms, policies and legislative changes to date, have made little difference to the reality of Care experienced people. This nexus which I refer to as the inextricable conflict must be understood and addressed in ongoing research to avoid further ineffective reforms, policy and legislative amendments to ensure rights are enjoyed by all.
A novel monoclonal antibody with improved FcγR blocking ability demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG in cynomolgus monkey ITP model at considerably lower dose
Authors: Nakajima-Kato Yuko , Komai Masato , Yoshida Tadashi , Kanai Akiko
Published: December 2022

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a well-established treatment for various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the standard dose prescribed for autoimmune diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is 2 g/kg, which is markedly high and leads to a high treatment burden. In this study, we generated fragment crystallizable (Fc)-modified anti-haptoglobin (Hp) monoclonal antibodies with non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG at considerably lower doses than IVIG, as shown by in vitro experiments. We evaluated binding activity of anti-Hp antibodies to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) with ELISA and inhibitory activity against the ADCC reaction. Furthermore, we successfully established a novel cynomolgus monkey ITP model and demonstrated that the anti-Hp antibody exerted its effect in this model with only a single dose. This Fc-modified anti-Hp monoclonal antibody could be a valuable therapeutic replacement for IVIG for the treatment of ITP.
The role of antigen availability during B cell induction and its effect on sustained memory and antibody production after infection and vaccination—lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Bjarnarson Stefania P , Brynjolfsson Siggeir F
Published: December 2022

The importance of antibodies, particularly neutralizing antibodies, has been known for decades. When examining the immune responses against a pathogen after a vaccination or infection it is easier to measure the levels of antigen-specific antibodies than the T-cell response, but it does not give the whole picture. The levels of neutralizing antibodies are harder to determine but give a better indication of the quality of the antibody response. The induction of long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells is crucial for a persistent humoral immune response, which has been shown for example after vaccination with the vaccinia vaccine, where antibody levels have been shown to persist for decades. With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic ravaging the world for the past years and the monumental effort in designing and releasing novel vaccines against the virus, much effort has been put into analysing the quantity, quality, and persistence of antibody responses.
Temporal trend analysis of rheumatic heart disease burden in high-income countries between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Ojha Utkarsh , Marshall Dominic C , Salciccioli Justin D , Al-Khayatt Becker M , Hammond-Haley Matthew , Goodall Richard , Borsky Kim L , Crowley Conor P , Shalhoub Joseph , Hartley Adam
Published: December 2022

Aims

To assesses trends in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) burden in high-income, European Union 15+ (EU15+) countries between 1990 and 2019.

Methods and results

Cross-sectional analysis of the incidence and mortality of RHD was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study database. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were extracted for EU15+ countries per sex for each of the years from 1990 to 2019, inclusive, and mortality-to-incidence indices (MII) were computed. Joinpoint regression analysis was used for the description of trends. Over 29 years, an overall declining trend in RHD incidence and mortality across EU 15+ nations were observed. There was significant variability in RHD incidence and mortality rates across high-income countries. However, both RHD incidence and mortality were higher among females compared with males across EU15+ countries over the observed period. The most recent incidence trend, starting predominantly after 2014, demonstrated a rise in RHD incidence in most countries for both sexes. The timing of this RHD resurgence corresponds temporally with an influx of migrants and refugees into Europe. The recent increasing RHD incidence rates ranged from +0.4% to +24.7% for males, and +0.6% to +11.4% for females.

Conclusion

More than half of EU15+ nations display a recent increase in RHD incidence rate across both sexes. Possible factors associated with this rise are discussed and include increase in global migration from nations with higher RHD prevalence, host nation factors such as migrants’ housing conditions, healthcare access, and migrant health status on arrival.
The transmural activation interval: a new mapping tool to identify ventricular tachycardia substrates in right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Venlet Jeroen , Piers Sebastiaan R , Hoogendoorn Jarieke , Androulakis Alexander F A , de Riva Marta , van der Geest Rob J , Zeppenfeld Katja
Published: December 2022

Aims

In right ventricular cardiomyopathy (RVCM), intramural scar may prevent rapid transmural activation, which may facilitate subepicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuits. A critical transmural activation delay determined during sinus rhythm (SR) may identify VT substrates in RVCM.

Methods and results

Consecutive patients with RVCM who underwent detailed endocardial-epicardial mapping and ablation for scar-related VT were enrolled. The transmural activation interval (TAI, first endocardial to first epicardial activation) and maximal activation interval (MAI, first endocardial to last epicardial activation) were determined in endocardial-epicardial point pairs located <10 mm apart. VT-related sites were determined by conventional substrate mapping and limited activation mapping when possible. Nineteen patients (46 ± 16 years, 84% male, 63% arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 37% exercise-induced arrhythmogenic remodelling) were inducible for 44 VT [CL 283 (interquartile range, IQR 240–325)ms]. A total of 2569 endocardial-epicardial coupled point pairs were analysed, including 98 (4%) epicardial VT-related sites.

The TAI and MAI were significantly longer at VT-related sites compared with other electroanatomical scar sites [TAI median 31 (IQR 11–50) vs. 2 (−7–11)ms, P < 0.001; MAI median 65 (IQR 45–87) vs. 23 (13–39)ms, P < 0.001]. TAI and MAI allowed highly accurate identification of epicardial VT-related sites (optimal cut-off TAI 17 ms and MAI 45 ms, both AUC 0.81). Both TAI and MAI had a better predictive accuracy for VT-related sites than endocardial and epicardial voltage and electrogram (EGM) duration (AUC 0.51–0.73).

Conclusion

The transmural activation delay in SR can be used to identify VT substrates in patients with RVCM and predominantly hemodynamically non-tolerated VT, and may be an important new mapping tool for substrate-based ablation.