bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN HANDMADE SOAP METODE DINGIN PADA ANGGOTA PKK GUNUNG KELUA KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Sukawaty Yullia , Warnida Husnul
Published: October 2021

We are using soap to remove dirt and bacteria in the skin. Traditionally, soap is made from vegetable oils and lye with simple home tools like pan and stove. Materials for handmade soap is not expensive and easily available, but it gives us a luxury bath.  The reaction between fatty acid and lye in soap produces glycerin, a good humectant, to keep our skin supple and moist. Commercial soap manufacturer make it a practice to remove the glycerin that is produces during the saponification process. Hence, handmade soap does not dried out skin, like the commercial soap product. This activity aimed to (1) sharing information about PKK community in Gunung Kelua RT.37, and (2) to teach the community how to make a handmade soap with cheap materials that easily available. This activity used dialog method to discuss the benefit of soaps, soap materials, and sop-making practice. The practice of making soap is demonstrated in front of audience, and many audiences had a hand in practice. This activity then evaluated. The result is all audience has understood how to make soap and were able to practice soap-making.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT MENGENAI PERKEMBANGAN DAN PENYEBARAN DBD
Authors: Sudarwati Tri Puji Lestari , Fernanda M.A Hanny Ferry , Suryandari Mercyska
Published: October 2021

This community service event was aimed to elevate the knowledge of local society regarding the current update of Aedes aegypti mosquito as a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Hence, it raised awareness of their role in breaking the disease transmission. Involving students as supporting team, this activity was carried out at Jemur Gayungan RW 01 by giving public counselling and mentoring for the larvae surveyor cadre (Jumantik).   Abdimas, which has been done, adds to the knowledge of jumantik cadres about the proliferation and spread of dengue, so that jumantik cadres not only observe their environment but can also take action to break the chain of dengue spread.
EDUKASI GENERASI MUDA SIAP VAKSINASI COVID-19
Authors: Zulfa Ilil Maidatuz , Yunitasari Fitria Dewi
Published: October 2021

Vaccination program for Covid-19 in Indonesia has been conducted since 13th of January 2021. However, the vaccination process has been accompanied by an increase false information that can lead to the decrease of public acceptance. Therefore, public education strengthening is a key concerns to succed the vaccination program. This was a report of  public education strengthening activity conducted in April 2021 aimed to increase public awareness about Covid-19 vaccination program. There were 34 highschool students joined in the event. The result showed after joining the events 14,7% of students who refuse to support vaccinated program claim thet they are ready for vaccination. In conclusion, continuity in public education strengthening is essential to increase public acceptance about Covid-19 vaccination.
PELATIHAN PEMBARUAN FORMULA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN DAYA JUAL PRODUK SABUN CUCI TANGAN KEPADA UKM PUTAT JAYA, RT.05/RW 03 KELURAHAN PUTAT JAYA, KOTA SURABAYA (SEBAGAI UKM PERCONTOHAN PADA WILAYAH EKS. LOKALISASI)
Authors: Dipahayu Damaranie , Thalib Fitria Abbas
Published: October 2021

Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) Putat Jaya Surabaya focus on soap business and has not found a standardized formula to ensure product repeatability from each time of production. Pengadian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) activity by Surabaya Pharmacy Academy was expected to be able to assist these UKM to share information through training on handwash liquid soap formulations that meet SNI standards. The content of this counselling not only about soap formula with and without plant oil and their formulation but also explained how to evaluate handwash liquid soap.  The result of this PkM is additional knowledge for UKM Putat Jaya about handwash liquid soap formulas that met the requirements of the SNI  and information of simple evaluation that can be done independently for the repeatability production. UKM Putat Jaya have been educated about  handwash liquid soap that meets SNI standart.
GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN TERAPI GEA (GASTROENTERITIS ) PADA PASIEN ANAK DI RSUD BATARA SIANG PANGKEP SULSEL
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi Fitrah , Riska Riska
Published: October 2021

GEA (Gastroenteritis) or diarrhea is a disease caused by digestive tract disorders that are infected by bacteria. Treatment of early diarrhea, especially the choice of initial therapy, greatly affects the success of providing appropriate and appropriate therapy. This study aims to determine the rationality of therapy in pediatric patients at Batara Siang Pangkep Regional Hospital, South Sulawesi City. This study is a non-experimental study with a retrospective descriptive evaluation study using patient medical records. The samples that met the inclusion criteria were 65 patients. Acute diarrhea was mostly found in men as many as 38 patients (58%) while for women as many as 27 patients (42%). Characteristics of age 1-3 years (82%). The result showed that there are 3 therapeutic regimen in pediatric patient namely cotrimoxazole,electrolit, and zinc. So from these data meet the standards of management of diarrheal disease in children.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MANGGA KASTURI (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)
Authors: Lestari Dwi , MA Muthia Dwi , Pratiwi Jati , Saputri Lidya Handoko
Published: October 2021

Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is one of the plants in Indonesia that has potential as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the IC50 value and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of mangga kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.). The ethanol extract of mangga kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) was extracted using maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and vitamin C as a comparison. The results of phytochemical screening tests on ethanol extracts showed positive secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and quinones. Testing the ethanol extract of Mangga Kasturi leaves (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) with the DPPH method showed that the ethanol extract had an antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 83.61 ppm in the strong category of antioxidant potential.
Quantificação da microbiota e diversidade ecológica da meso e macrofauna do solo sob diferentes usos no município de Urutaí (região Sudeste Goiano)
Authors: Paz-Lima Milton Luiz da , Da Silva Franciele Cristina , Santana Ígor de Jesus , Martins Rodolfo David , Marcos Lemes Natanael , Rietjens Anderson Rodrigues
Published: October 2021

A fauna edáfica exerce forte influencia sobre a rizosfera e a atividade microbiana do solo exercendo papel fundamental na conservação da biodiversidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a apresentação de metodologias utilizadas e caracterização da diversidade ecológica da microbiota, meso e macrofauna em diferentes usos de solo. Duas metodologias foram realizadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em campo, com cinco repetições por cada uso do solo representadas por: i) Floresta Antropizada; ii) Fruticultura; iii) Olericultura; iv) Piscicultura e v) Eucalipto. Amostras de solo foram coletadas para quantificação da microbiota do solo (ufc/g de solo) nas repetições utilizando o método da diluição em série. Utilizou-se o método “Pit fall” para quantificação da abundância da meso e macrofauna. Os valores de abundância permitiram calcular os parâmetros o índice de Chao, Shannon, Simpson e índice de Fisher. Na primeira metodologia avaliou-se a número de ufc/g de solo e na segunda metodologia a abundância de espécies. As variáveis dependentes foram analisadas utilizando análise de variância e teste Tukey. A primeira metodologia apontou estatisticamente como maior o número de ufc/g de solo no solo oriundo de Olericultura, muito superior aos demais usos. A segunda metodologia apontou como mais abundante a ordem Hymenoptera, que apresentou a maior número unidade das mesmas espécies de organismos capturados em todos os usos do solo. O uso de solo com plantio de Eucalipto apresentou estatisticamente maior riqueza de espécies, não havendo diferença significativa dos usos de solo para o parâmetro índice de Shannon, Fisher e Simpson. Através dessas metodologias foi possível a verificação das relações ecológicas da população da microbiota do solo, meso e macrofauna e as relações de equilíbrio ecológico entre os indivíduos ocupantes. O impacto das ações promovidas pelo homem podem ser traduzidos pela implementação de metodologias que descrevam e reflitam através de parâmetros de diversidade as relações ecológicas de uso inadequado do solo.
Os estudos toponímicos: considerações acerca da relação língua, cultura e identidade
Authors: Da Silva Cleber Cezar , Siqueira Kênia Mara de Freitas
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir, de maneira geral, como os estudos toponímicos se encontram ligados à cultura, à história e ao espaço físico de uma dada comunidade. A metodologia consiste do levantamento e da revisão dos pressupostos teóricos que vêm fundamentando as análises linguísticas dos designativos de lugares. A revisão dos conceitos perpassa os termo “língua e linguagem” em Saussure e em Sapir (1980), incursiona pela crítica desses conceitos em Bakhtin (2010). Em relação aos conceitos de cultura e de identidade, busca-se a fundamentação em Bosi (1987, 1995), Castell (2000), Silva (2000) e Hall (2004). Para aportes teóricos toponímicos, como já se tornou consensual, parte-se de Dick (1990, 1992), Isquerdo (1997, 2012), Andrade (2010) e Siqueira (2012), para mostrar a inter-relação (inerente), de um topônimo com um conjunto “línguo cultural” de fatores que torna um nome comum em próprio por processos deliberados e motivados culturalmente que culminam na escolha, nunca aleatória, de um locativo específico (e não outro) para um lugar também específico.
Jovens estudantes do campo, histórias em quadrinhos e consciência histórica
Authors: Da Silva Luiz Everson , De Oliveira Adriana Lucinda , Do Nascimento Éder Dias
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com uma turma de primeiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola do campo da rede pública do estado do Paraná. O objetivo foi observar como esses estudantes dialogam com as representações sociais sobre a juventude rural e o campo a partir de uma história em quadrinhos específica de Chico Bento. Nesse quadro, tendo como referência a produção teórica sobre consciência histórica de Jörn Rüsen; a relação entre sujeito e representações, foi interpelada como resultante das operações da consciência histórica, como coeficiente que permite aos indivíduos interpretar o mundo e a si mesmo, configurando parâmetros orientadores da vida prática no tempo. Nesse contexto, as interpretações dos estudantes foram compreendidas como especificidades do espaço no qual estão inseridos. Os resultados da pesquisa permitem compreender os distanciamentos, aproximações e diálogos do grupo pesquisado com os argumentos apresentados por Maurício de Souza Produções
Comparação dos métodos de seleção do arcabouço JGAP na solução do problema de alocação de horário
Authors: Guimarães Norton Coelho
Published: October 2021

Este artigo, descreve uma comparação dos métodos de seleção disponíveis no arcabouço JGAP. Para isso, utilizamos um algoritmo genético híbrido na solução de alocação de horário de uma instituição federal de ensino. O problema de alocação de horário escolar consiste na associação de aulas aos professores de forma a atender os requisitos coletados. O algoritmo genético híbrido proposto incluí uma camada de reparação após a operação de mutação. O objetivo é descobrir se o método de seleção roleta viciada tem vantagens em relação aos outros métodos.
A Novel Copper-Binding Peptide That Self-Assembles Into a Transparent Antibacterial and Antiviral Coating
Authors: Boas Daniel , Reches Meital
Published: October 2021

The health, economy, and quality of life all over the world are greatly affected by bacterial infections and viral outbreaks. Bacterial cells and viruses, such as influenza, can spread through contaminated surfaces and fomites. Therefore, a possible way to fight these pathogens is to utilize antibacterial and antiviral coatings, which reduce their numbers on contaminated surfaces. Here, we present a novel short peptide that can self-assemble, adhere to various surfaces, and bind different metal ions such as copper, which provides the surface with antibacterial and antiviral properties. For these functions, the peptide incorporates the amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which provides the peptide with adhesive capabilities; a diphenylalanine motif that induces the self-assembly of the peptide; the metal-binding hexahistidine sequence. Our results demonstrate that the coating, which releases monovalent cuprous ions and hydrogen peroxide, provides the surfaces with significant antibacterial and antiviral properties. Additionally, the coating remains transparent, which is favorable for many objects and especially for display screens.
Decellularized Whole-Organ Pre-vascularization: A Novel Approach for Organogenesis
Authors: Fathi Ibrahim , Imura Takehiro , Inagaki Akiko , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Nabawi Ayman , Goto Masafumi
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Whole-organ decellularization is an attractive approach for three-dimensional (3D) organ engineering. However, progress with this approach is hindered by intra-vascular blood coagulation that occurs after in vivo implantation of the re-cellularized scaffold, resulting in a short-term graft survival. In this study, we explored an alternative approach for 3D organ engineering through an axial pre-vascularization approach and examined its suitability for pancreatic islet transplantation.

Methods: Whole livers from male Lewis rats were decellularized through sequential arterial perfusion of detergents. The decellularized liver scaffold was implanted into Lewis rats, and an arteriovenous bundle was passed through the scaffold. At the time of implantation, fresh bone marrow preparation (BM; n = 3), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs; n = 4), or HBSS (n = 4) was injected into the scaffold through the portal vein. After 5 weeks, around 2,600 islet equivalents (IEQs) were injected through the portal vein of the scaffold. The recipient rats were rendered diabetic by the injection of 65 mg/kg STZ intravenously 1 week before islet transplantation and were followed up after transplantation by measuring the blood glucose and body weight for 30 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed in the cured animals, and samples were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Micro-computed tomography (CT) images were obtained from one rat in each group for representation.

Results: Two rats in the BM group and one in the ADSC group showed normalization of blood glucose levels, while one rat from each group showed partial correction of blood glucose levels. In contrast, no rats were cured in the HBSS group. Micro-CT showed evidence of sprouting from the arteriovenous bundle inside the scaffold. IHC analyses showed insulin-positive cells in all three groups. The number of von-Willebrand factor-positive cells in the islet region was higher in the BM and ADSC groups than in the HBSS group. The number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells was significantly lower in the BM group than in the other two groups.

Conclusions: Despite the limited numbers, the study showed the promising potential of the pre-vascularized whole-organ scaffold as a novel approach for islet transplantation. Both BM- and ADSCs-seeded scaffolds were superior to the acellular scaffold.
Tumor-Associated Extracellular Matrix: How to Be a Potential Aide to Anti-tumor Immunotherapy?
Authors: He Yingying , Liu Tao , Dai Shuang , Xu Zihan , Wang Li , Luo Feng
Published: October 2021

The development of cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade therapy, has made major breakthroughs in the therapy of cancers. However, less than one-third of the cancer patients obtain significant and long-lasting therapeutic effects by cancer immunotherapy. Over the past few decades, cancer-related inflammations have been gradually more familiar to us. It’s known that chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a predominant role in tumor immunosuppression. Tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM), as a core member of TME, has been a research hotspot recently. A growing number of studies indicate that tumor-associated ECM is one of the major obstacles to realizing more successful cases of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discussed the potential application of tumor-associated ECM in the cancer immunity and its aide potentialities to anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Ferroptosis Characterization in Lung Adenocarcinomas Reveals Prognostic Signature With Immunotherapeutic Implication
Authors: Sun Sijin , Yang Yannan , Yang Zhenlin , Wang Juhong , Li Renda , Tian He , Tan Fengwei , Xue Qi , Gao Yibo , He Jie
Published: October 2021

The iron-dependent cell death named ferroptosis has been implicated in the progression and therapeutic response of several tumors. However, potential role of ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) remained less well understood. In TCGA-LUAD cohort, unsupervised clustering was first conducted based on ferroptosis regulators extracted from FerrDb database. Comprehensive correlation analysis and comparisons were performed among ferroptosis subtypes. The ferroptosis-related prognostic (FRP) signature was identified based on filtered features and repeated LASSO and was validated in five independent cohorts. The clinical relevance between the risk score and therapeutic response was further explored by multiple algorithms. qPCR was implemented to verify gene expression. A total of 1,168 LUAD patients and 161 ferroptosis regulators were included in this study. Three ferroptosis subtypes were identified and patients in subtype B had the best prognosis among the three subtypes. Significant differences in immune microenvironment and biological function enrichment were illustrated in distinct subtypes. The Boruta algorithm was conducted on 308 common differentially expressed genes for dimensionality reduction. A total of 56 genes served as input for model construction and a six-gene signature with the highest frequencies of 881 was chosen as FRP. The prognostic significance of FRP was validated in five independent cohorts. High FRP risk score was also linked to increased tumor mutation burden, PD-L1 protein expression and number of neoantigens. Of the FRP genes, 83.3% was abnormally expressed in LUAD cell lines. In conclusion, ferroptosis plays a non-negligible role in LUAD. Exploration of the ferroptosis pattern will enhance the prognostic stratification of individual patients and move toward the purpose of personalized treatment.
Retinoic Acid Fluctuation Activates an Uneven, Direction-Dependent Network-Wide Robustness Response in Early Embryogenesis
Authors: Parihar Madhur , Bendelac-Kapon Liat , Gur Michal , Abbou Tali , Belorkar Abha , Achanta Sirisha , Kinberg Keren , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Fainsod Abraham
Published: October 2021

Robustness is a feature of regulatory pathways to ensure signal consistency in light of environmental changes or genetic polymorphisms. The retinoic acid (RA) pathway, is a central developmental and tissue homeostasis regulatory signal, strongly dependent on nutritional sources of retinoids and affected by environmental chemicals. This pathway is characterized by multiple proteins or enzymes capable of performing each step and their integration into a self-regulating network. We studied RA network robustness by transient physiological RA signaling disturbances followed by kinetic transcriptomic analysis of the recovery during embryogenesis. The RA metabolic network was identified as the main regulated module to achieve signaling robustness using an unbiased pattern analysis. We describe the network-wide responses to RA signal manipulation and found the feedback autoregulation to be sensitive to the direction of the RA perturbation: RA knockdown exhibited an upper response limit, whereas RA addition had a minimal feedback-activation threshold. Surprisingly, our robustness response analysis suggests that the RA metabolic network regulation exhibits a multi-objective optimization, known as Pareto optimization, characterized by trade-offs between competing functionalities. We observe that efficient robustness to increasing RA is accompanied by worsening robustness to reduced RA levels and vice versa. This direction-dependent trade-off in the network-wide feedback response, results in an uneven robustness capacity of the RA network during early embryogenesis, likely a significant contributor to the manifestation of developmental defects.
Prospects and Applications of Biomass-Based Transparent Wood: An Architectural Glass Perspective
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Jian’gang
Published: October 2021

This paper briefly discussed the research progress of biomass-based transparent wood (BBTW), and summarized the key technologies and potential application prospects of BBTW in replacing architectural glass. Based on the introduction of the preparation process of BBTW, the advantages of BBTW and their feasibility to replace architectural glass are illustrated with a view to the requirements and conditions of architectural glass for different use functions. The limitations of BBTW are discussed and the development prospects of BBTW are also prospected. The research shows that BBTW has the advantages of green and renewable materials that can meet the requirements of good lighting conditions, flame retardant, heat insulation and safety, which are in line with the sustainable development trend. Further studies are needed to continuously break through its limitations with an aim to expand the application of this new biomass-based material.
Tannic Acid as a Natural Crosslinker for Catalyst-Free Silicone Elastomers From Hydrogen Bonding to Covalent Bonding
Authors: Kong Sen , Wang Rui , Feng Shengyu , Wang Dengxu
Published: October 2021

The construction of silicone elastomers crosslinked by a natural crosslinker under a catalyst-free method is highly desirable. Herein we present catalyst-free silicone elastomers (SEs) by simply introducing tannic acid (TA) as a natural crosslinker when using poly (aminopropylmethylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) (PAPMS) as the base polymer. The crosslinked bonding of these SEs can be easily changed from hydrogen bonding to covalent bonding by altering the curing reaction from room temperature to heating condition. The formability and mechanical properties of the SEs can be tuned by altering various factors, including processing technique, the amount of TA and aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, the molecular weight and -NH2 content of PAPMS, and the amount of reinforcing filler. The hydrogen bonding was proved by the reversible crosslinking of the elastomers, which can be gradually dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and re-formed after removing the solvent. The covalent bonding was proved by a model reaction of catechol and n-decylamine and occurred through a combination of hydroxylamine reaction and Michael addition reaction. These elastomers exhibit good thermal stability and excellent hydrophobic property and can bond iron sheets to hold the weight of 500 g, indicating their promising as adhesives. These results reveal that TA as a natural product is a suitable “green” crosslinker for the construction of catalyst-free silicone elastomers by a simple crosslinking strategy. Under this strategy, TA and more natural polyphenols could be certainly utilized as crosslinkers to fabricate more organic elastomers by selecting amine-containing polymers and further explore their extensive applications in adhesives, sealants, insulators, sensors, and so forth.
Finding a Home: Stopping Theory and Its Application to Home Range Establishment in a Novel Environment
Authors: Saltz David , Getz Wayne M.
Published: October 2021

Familiarity with the landscape increases foraging efficiency and safety. Thus, when animals are confronted with a novel environment, either by natural dispersal or translocation, establishing a home range becomes a priority. While the search for a home range carries a cost of functioning in an unfamiliar environment, ceasing the search carries a cost of missed opportunities. Thus, when to establish a home range is essentially a weighted sum of a two-criteria cost-minimization problem. The process is predominantly heuristic, where the animal must decide how to study the environment and, consequently, when to stop searching and establish a home range in a manner that will reduce the cost and maximize or at least satisfice its fitness. These issues fall within the framework of optimal stopping theory. In this paper we review stopping theory and three stopping rules relevant to home range establishment: the best-of-n rule, the threshold rule, and the comparative Bayes rule. We then describe how these rules can be distinguished from movement data, hypothesize when each rule should be practiced, and speculate what and how environmental factors and animal attributes affect the stopping time. We provide a set of stopping-theory-related predictions that are testable within the context of translocation projects and discuss some management implications.
Reduction of Radiation Exposure in Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Ablations Using an Electroanatomical Mapping System With Fluoroscopy Integration Module
Authors: Blockhaus Christian , Gülker Jan-Erik , Bufe Alexander , Seyfarth Melchior , Koektuerk Buelent , Shin Dong-In
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a common supraventricular tachycardia. Current guidelines recommend electrophysiology study (EPS) and ablation, which have been proven to show high success rates with very low complication rates. Usually, ablation of AVNRT is performed conventionally using only fluoroscopy. Electroanatomical mapping systems (EMS) are widely used in complex arrhythmias. One of their advantages is their potential in decreasing the need of fluoroscopy time (FT). In this study we analyzed patients undergoing either conventional AVNRT ablation or by using an EMS with a fluoroscopy integrating system (FIS).

Materials and Methods: We included 119 patients who underwent AVNRT ablation in our study. Eighty-nine patients were ablated conventionally using only fluoroscopy, 30 patients were ablated using EMS + FIS.

Results: We found that the use of EMS + FIS led to a significant reduction of FT (449.90 ± 217.21 vs. 136.93 ± 109.28 sec., p < 0.001) and dose-area-product (DAP, 268.27 ± 265.20 vs. 41.07 ± 27.89 μGym2, p < 0.001) without affecting the procedure time (PT, 66.55 ± 13.3 vs. 67.33 ± 13.81 min, p = 0.783). Furthermore, we found no significance with regard to complications.

Conclusion: The use of EMS+FIS is safe and feasible. It leads to a significant reduction of both FT and DAP without affecting PT and safety. Hence, EMS + FIS is beneficial for both the operator and the patients by reducing the radiation exposure.
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype as a Hinge Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer
Authors: Banerjee Priyanka , Kotla Sivareddy , Reddy Velatooru Loka , Abe Rei J. , Davis Elizabeth A. , Cooke John P. , Schadler Keri , Deswal Anita , Herrmann Joerg , Lin Steven H. , Abe Jun-ichi , Le Nhat-Tu
Published: October 2021

Overlapping risks for cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the two leading causes of mortality worldwide, suggest a shared biology between these diseases. The role of senescence in the development of cancer and CVD has been established. However, its role as the intersection between these diseases remains unclear. Senescence was originally characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest after a high number of divisions, namely replicative senescence (RS). However, it is becoming clear that senescence can also be instigated by cellular stress, so-called stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). Telomere shortening is a hallmark of RS. The contribution of telomere DNA damage and subsequent DNA damage response/repair to SIPS has also been suggested. Although cellular senescence can mediate cell cycle arrest, senescent cells can also remain metabolically active and secrete cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), so-called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The involvement of SASP in both cancer and CVD has been established. In patients with cancer or CVD, SASP is induced by various stressors including cancer treatments, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ROS. Therefore, SASP can be the intersection between cancer and CVD. Importantly, the conventional concept of senescence as the mediator of cell cycle arrest has been challenged, as it was recently reported that chemotherapy-induced senescence can reprogram senescent cancer cells to acquire “stemness” (SAS: senescence-associated stemness). SAS allows senescent cancer cells to escape cell cycle arrest with strongly enhanced clonogenic growth capacity. SAS supports senescent cells to promote both cancer and CVD, particularly in highly stressful conditions such as cancer treatments, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As therapeutic advances have increased overlapping risk factors for cancer and CVD, to further understand their interaction may provide better prevention, earlier detection, and safer treatment. Thus, it is critical to study the mechanisms by which these senescence pathways (SAS/SASP) are induced and regulated in both cancer and CVD.
Testing a Generalizable Machine Learning Workflow for Aquatic Invasive Species on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Northwest Montana
Authors: Carter S. , van Rees C. B. , Hand B. K. , Muhlfeld C. C. , Luikart G. , Kimball J. S.
Published: October 2021

Biological invasions are accelerating worldwide, causing major ecological and economic impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The urgent decision-making needs of invasive species managers can be better met by the integration of biodiversity big data with large-domain models and data-driven products. Remotely sensed data products can be combined with existing invasive species occurrence data via machine learning models to provide the proactive spatial risk analysis necessary for implementing coordinated and agile management paradigms across large scales. We present a workflow that generates rapid spatial risk assessments on aquatic invasive species using occurrence data, spatially explicit environmental data, and an ensemble approach to species distribution modeling using five machine learning algorithms. For proof of concept and validation, we tested this workflow using extensive spatial and temporal hybridization and occurrence data from a well-studied, ongoing, and climate-driven species invasion in the upper Flathead River system in northwestern Montana, USA. Rainbow Trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss), an introduced species in the Flathead River basin, compete and readily hybridize with native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT; O. clarkii lewisii), and the spread of RBT individuals and their alleles has been tracked for decades. We used remotely sensed and other geospatial data as key environmental predictors for projecting resultant habitat suitability to geographic space. The ensemble modeling technique yielded high accuracy predictions relative to 30-fold cross-validated datasets (87% 30-fold cross-validated accuracy score). Both top predictors and model performance relative to these predictors matched current understanding of the drivers of RBT invasion and habitat suitability, indicating that temperature is a major factor influencing the spread of invasive RBT and hybridization with native WCT. The congruence between more time-consuming modeling approaches and our rapid machine-learning approach suggest that this workflow could be applied more broadly to provide data-driven management information for early detection of potential invaders.
Towards Semantically-Rich Spatial Network Representation Learning via Automated Feature Topic Pairing
Authors: Wang Dongjie , Liu Kunpeng , Mohaisen David , Wang Pengyang , Lu Chang-Tien , Fu Yanjie
Published: October 2021

Automated characterization of spatial data is a kind of critical geographical intelligence. As an emerging technique for characterization, spatial Representation Learning (SRL) uses deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn non-linear embedded features of spatial data for characterization. However, SRL extracts features by internal layers of DNNs, and thus suffers from lacking semantic labels. Texts of spatial entities, on the other hand, provide semantic understanding of latent feature labels, but is insensible to deep SRL models. How can we teach a SRL model to discover appropriate topic labels in texts and pair learned features with the labels? This paper formulates a new problem: feature-topic pairing, and proposes a novel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based deep learning framework. Specifically, we formulate the feature-topic pairing problem into an automated alignment task between 1) a latent embedding feature space and 2) a textual semantic topic space. We decompose the alignment of the two spaces into: 1) point-wise alignment, denoting the correlation between a topic distribution and an embedding vector; 2) pair-wise alignment, denoting the consistency between a feature-feature similarity matrix and a topic-topic similarity matrix. We design a PSO based solver to simultaneously select an optimal set of topics and learn corresponding features based on the selected topics. We develop a closed loop algorithm to iterate between 1) minimizing losses of representation reconstruction and feature-topic alignment and 2) searching the best topics. Finally, we present extensive experiments to demonstrate the enhanced performance of our method.
Interannual Variation in the Area and Water Volume of Lakes in Different Regions of the Tibet Plateau and Their Responses to Climate Change
Authors: Pang Shuyu , Zhu Liping , Yang Ruimin
Published: October 2021

The area and volume changes of 20 lakes that were present during the period 1976–2019 in different parts of the Tibet Plateau were extracted using Landsat remote sensing satellite images on the Google Earth Engine platform. Changes in the water volume of the lakes were analyzed using data from the digital elevation model. Basin scale interpolated meteorological data from the China regional surface meteorological feature dataset and the glacier distribution were used together with GIS technology and spatial statistical methods to reveal the impact of climate change and glacial melting water on the changes occurring in different regions. The results showed that both the area and water volume of the 20 studied lakes were generally stable from 1976–1986, increased significantly from 1986–1991, and decreased significantly from 1991–1995, after which they again began to increase. The increase in both amplitude and rate reached the highest values from 1995–2005, while the rate of increase slowed from 2014–2016. Precipitation and temperature are the main factors that result in the rapid increase of the water volume in closed lakes, but the influence of this phenomenon varies in different areas. The climate is relatively “warm and wet” around the inland enclosed lake areas in the southeast of the plateau where precipitation is the dominant factor and both precipitation and temperature affect the lake water volume in the center of the plateau; however, the climate is comparatively “cold and dry” in the northwest and the increase in glacier meltwater that results from increases in the temperature has a more significant impact.
The Importance of Size and Location Within Gregarious Populations of Ernietta plateauensis
Authors: Gibson Brandt M. , Darroch Simon A.F. , Maloney Katie M. , Laflamme Marc
Published: October 2021

Ernietta plateauensis is a semi-infaunal macroscopic eukaryote of unknown affinities common in latest Ediacaran (∼548–539 Ma) shallow marine settings in Namibia. The discovery of in-situ assemblages of Ernietta has demonstrated that these organisms lived in aggregated populations, while studies employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling have supported the hypothesis that these organisms were likely behaving as gregarious suspension feeders, analogous to many extant invertebrate phyla in present-day marine environments. Careful census and measurement of individuals within these in-situ populations offers an opportunity to examine how their size and location within a larger population affect nutrient delivery dynamics. In this study, we build on previous work by simulating fluid flow over aggregations of Ernietta comprising individuals of disparate sizes, and additionally reconstruct a population of Ernietta preserved in-situ from Farm Hansburg, Namibia. We use a combination of stationary and time-dependent CFD to reconstruct nutrient carrying flow paths, and compare the efficiency with which nutrients are partitioned between individuals of different shapes and sizes. Our results demonstrate that smaller Ernietta experience limited recirculation within their cavities compared to larger individuals. Furthermore, in spatially-accurate distributions, reduced recirculation is limited to isolated individuals of any size, while smaller individuals found downstream of larger ones receive enhanced cavity mixing. These reconstructed flow patterns illustrate that the disadvantage associated with small size is apparently mediated by location within the overall aggregation, suggesting a complex interplay of controls on feeding efficiency. This in turn suggests that aggregations of adult Ernietta would likely have performed a ‘nursery’ function, creating localized conditions ideal for the settlement and growth of younger individuals.
Focal Thyroid Incidentalomas on 18F-FDG PET/CT: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Prevalence, Risk of Malignancy and Inconclusive Fine Needle Aspiration
Authors: de Leijer J. F. , Metman M. J. H. , van der Hoorn A. , Brouwers A. H. , Kruijff S. , van Hemel B. M. , Links T. P. , Westerlaan H. E.
Published: October 2021

Background

The rising demand for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has led to an increase of thyroid incidentalomas. Current guidelines are restricted in giving options to tailor diagnostics and to suit the individual patient.

Objectives

We aimed at exploring the extent of potential overdiagnostics by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the prevalence, the risk of malignancy (ROM) and the risk of inconclusive FNAC (ROIF) of focal thyroid incidentalomas (FTI) on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Data Sources

A literature search in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science was performed to identify relevant studies.

Study Selection

Studies providing information on the prevalence and/or ROM of FTI on 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with no prior history of thyroid disease were selected by two authors independently. Sixty-one studies met the inclusion criteria.

Data Analysis

A random effects meta-analysis on prevalence, ROM and ROIF with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested. Risk of bias was assessed using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool.

Data Synthesis

Fifty studies were suitable for prevalence analysis. In total, 12,943 FTI were identified in 640,616 patients. The pooled prevalence was 2.22% (95% CI = 1.90% - 2.54%, I2 = 99%). 5151 FTI had cyto- or histopathology results available. The pooled ROM was 30.8% (95% CI = 28.1% - 33.4%, I2 = 57%). 1308 (83%) of malignant nodules were papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The pooled ROIF was 20.8% (95% CI = 13.7% - 27.9%, I2 = 92%).

Limitations

The main limitations were the low to moderate methodological quality of the studies and the moderate to high heterogeneity of the results.

Conclusion

FTI are a common finding on 18F-FDG PET/CTs. Nodules are malignant in approximately one third of the cases, with the majority being PTC. Cytology results are non-diagnostic or indeterminate in one fifth of FNACs. These findings reveal the potential risk of overdiagnostics of FTI and emphasize that the workup of FTI should be performed within the context of the patient’s disease and that guidelines should adopt this patient tailored approach.
Diagnosis of Pituitary Adenoma Biopsies by Ultrahigh Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Using Neuronal Networks
Authors: Micko Alexander , Placzek Fabian , Fonollà Roger , Winklehner Michael , Sentosa Ryan , Krause Arno , Vila Greisa , Höftberger Romana , Andreana Marco , Drexler Wolfgang , Leitgeb Rainer A. , Unterhuber Angelika , Wolfsberger Stefan
Published: October 2021

Objective

Despite advancements of intraoperative visualization, the difficulty to visually distinguish adenoma from adjacent pituitary gland due to textural similarities may lead to incomplete adenoma resection or impairment of pituitary function. The aim of this study was to investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in combination with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for objectively identify pituitary adenoma tissue in an ex vivo setting.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted to train and test a CNN algorithm to identify pituitary adenoma tissue in OCT images of adenoma and adjacent pituitary gland samples. From each sample, 500 slices of adjacent cross-sectional OCT images were used for CNN classification.

Results

OCT data acquisition was feasible in 19/20 (95%) patients. The 16.000 OCT slices of 16/19 of cases were employed for creating a trained CNN algorithm (70% for training, 15% for validating the classifier). Thereafter, the classifier was tested on the paired samples of three patients (3.000 slices). The CNN correctly predicted adenoma in the 3 adenoma samples (98%, 100% and 84% respectively), and correctly predicted gland and transition zone in the 3 samples from the adjacent pituitary gland.

Conclusion

Trained convolutional neural network computing has the potential for fast and objective identification of pituitary adenoma tissue in OCT images with high sensitivity ex vivo. However, further investigation with larger number of samples is required.
Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Petroleum Refineries: Evaluation of New Bio-Refinery Concepts
Authors: Tanzil Abid H , Brandt Kristin , Zhang Xiao , Wolcott Michael , Stockle Claudio , Garcia-Perez Manuel
Published: October 2021

The potential for petroleum refineries (PRs) to integrate sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) technologies is manifold, unlike with other existing industrial infrastructures that lack such technical similarities. A midsize PR with a crude oil capacity of 120,000 barrels per day was analyzed in this study to determine the feasibility of integrating five well-known lignocellulosic SAF technologies, namely, Virent’s BioForming (VB), alcohol to jet (ATJ), direct sugar to hydrocarbon (DSHC), fast pyrolysis (FP), and gasification and Fischer–Tropsch (GFT) methods, as well as one novel concept referred to as integrated carbonization-gasification-Fischer–Tropsch (ICGFT). The following three integrated scenarios were studied to derive the costs and environmental impact reductions: sharing of infrastructures from outside battery limits (OSBL), co-processing of SAF technology-derived intermediates with PR-derived gas oil inside battery limits (ISBL) and repurposing of an idle or shutdown PR. Sharing OSBL infrastructures resulted in reductions of the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) by 3–14% relative to the corresponding standalone cases. Co-processing of intermediate products such as VB-derived long chain hydrocarbons, ATJ-derived ethanol, DSHC-derived farnesene, pyrolysis-derived bio-oil, and GFT-derived FT products reduced the MFSP by 10–19% from corresponding standalone cases. Moreover, repurposing scenarios reduced the costs by 16–34%. Greenhouse gas (GHG) estimations showed that 17 of 21 integrated scenarios resulted in GHG savings (7–92%). Lignocellulosic SAF technologies are limited by low fuel yields, which are governed by the high oxygen content of the feedstock. However, ICGFT was found to be advantageous in terms of fuel production at a maximized fuel yield.
Coordinated Control Strategy of DC Fault Ride-through for the WF Connected to the Grid Through the MMC-HVDC
Authors: Zhu Bo , Li Hongying , Xu Panteng , Jiao Shi , Zhang Lin , Xin Yechun
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the problems of DC fault isolation and power surplus in the HVDC system with large-scale wind farm (WF) integration after single-pole grounding fault, this article designs a modified current transfer modular multilevel converter (M-CT-MMC) topology with DC fault isolation and power dissipation functions. The DC fault current can be isolated through the coordination of each branch of the M-CT-MMC. In terms of surplus power consumption, the control mode switching strategy of the M-CT-MMC is designed to improve the power transmission capability of the non-fault pole and enable it to absorb surplus power independently. Furthermore, a coordinated control strategy of wind turbines and dissipation resistors is designed to absorb surplus power. With the advantages of fast response speed of wind turbines and reliable dissipation resistance, DC fault ride-through under different working conditions is realized. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the coordinated control strategy for DC fault ride-through are verified.
Maximization of Solar Radiation on PV Panels With Optimal Intervals and Tilt Angle: Case Study of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ramli Makbul A. M. , Bouchekara Houssem R. E. H. , Shahriar Mohammad S. , Milyani Ahmad H. , Rawa Muhyaddin
Published: October 2021

A key factor in the performance of PV panels is the tilt angle, adjustable via various tracking systems. Fixed tilt angle PV panels miss out on most of the solar radiation each day whereas continuous tracking systems are not always cost-efficient, rather impractical in some cases. Therefore, adjusting the tilt angle using a limited number of periods per year can be a good, compromised solution. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to maximize the impact of solar radiation on PV panels by adjusting their tilt angles. Based on a limited number of periods or intervals per year, the optimal duration (number of days) of each period or interval along with the optimum tilt angle corresponding to each interval are determined by solving two interlinked optimization problems. These two problems are solved using the Most Valuable Player Algorithm (MVPA) combined with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The case study for Yanbu, a western coastal city of Saudi Arabia has been investigated. The obtained results show that the enhanced solar power generation can be achieved by using optimal intervals and optimum tilt angle and provide a suitable benchmark for similar techniques to be used in the future to solve the problem of tilt angle adjustment for maximizing PV panels output.