bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Bombyx mori larvae to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis from the silkworm and Nosema sp. from the cotton bollworm
Authors: Malysh S. М. , Utkuzova A. M. , Ignatieva A. N. , Mirzakhodjaev B. A. , Grushevaya I. V.
Published: December 2023

Microsporidia are widespread parasites and cause diseases in economically important insects. A microsporidian isolate NspHA22 was discovered in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in South-Western Russia. It showed 100 % sequence identity of small subunit rRNA gene to Nosema bombycis, a natural parasite of the silkworm Bombyx mori. However, after feeding second or third instar B. mori larvae with spores of the new isolate, insect mortality didn’t differ from that of the control, and no sporulation was revealed in alive and perished insects. In contrast, feeding N. bombycis spores isolated from B. mori resulted in high levels of host mortality and intense parasite sporulation at all the infection dose and larval instars used. This likely indicates that the isolate NspHA22 belongs to a species different from N. bombycis, in spite of identity of rDNA sequences.
Уніфіковані критерії класифікаційних систем як інструмент управління мінеральними ресурсами
Authors: Lytvyniuk S. F. , Kurylo M. M.
Published: December 2023

Поява класифікаційних систем запасів і ресурсів мінеральної сировини датується початком XX ст., що синхронізується з розвитком гірничої справи Великої Британії, Німеччини та США. Історія розвитку розробки та удосконалення сучасних класифікацій мінеральної сировини та енергетичних ресурсів, їхньої термінології, визначень і понять налічує вже понад 40 років. Відокремлений розвиток найуживаніших класифікацій привів до появи різних дефініцій та визначень характеристики однакових або схожих категорій запасів і ресурсів корисних копалин за геологічними та техніко-економічними ознаками. В статті запропоновано методичні підходи “оперативної гармонізації” (універсальний класифікатор) як інструментарій для управління ресурсами та інвестиційного аналізу родовищ (ділянок надр) твердих (металічних та неметалічних) корисних копалин, у тому числі ділянок надр, що оцінені за класифікаціями 1960 та 1981 рр. та незалучені до надрокористування.Виконаний аналіз значень головних категорій (класів, груп) різних класифікаційних систем дозволив виділити та охарактеризувати ознаки (критерії), що мають достатній рівень зіставлення та гармонізації.Встановлено, що головні відмінності класифікаційних систем пов’язані з метою та сферою їхнього застосування, що відображається у кількості категорій та їхніх дефініціях, і вимогами щодо наявності дозвільної документації різного рівня (затверджений проєкт, земля, екологія та ін.).Класифіковано комплексний проєкт використання надр, в якому виділено основні та супутні корисні копалини і компоненти, які характеризуються різним ступенем вивченості. Для даного залізорудного проєкту фіксується повне врахування всіх класифікаційних ознак як окремих складових ресурсів, так і проєкту в цілому лише при застосуванні Рамкової класифікації ресурсів Організації Об’єднаних Націй (РКООН).
Впровадження структурно-термо-атмо-геолого-геохімічних досліджень при картуванні перспективних нафтогазоносних площ на Оболонській астроблемі
Authors: Bahrii I. D. , Dubosarskyi V. R. , Yaroshovets-Baranova K. A. , Paiuk S. O. , Burlutskyi M. S.
Published: December 2023

Наведено матеріали та результати комплексних приповерхневих структурно-термо-атмо-геолого-геохімічних досліджень (СТАГГД), виконаних з метою оцінки перспектив нафтогазоносності відомих в Україні імпактних структур, зокрема Оболонської імпактної структури. Викладено прикладні засади системної технології СТАГГД з використанням комплексу тектонічних, морфоструктурних, літолого-­стратиграфічних, геофізичних, гідрологічних, термометричних та атмогеохімічних методів.Охарактеризовано систему критеріїв (структурно-тектонічний, вуглеводневий, температурний, еманаційний, газовий) та особливості формування приповерхневого термо-атмо-геохімічного фону нафтогазових родовищ. Наведено опис розроблених авторами методик та інструментального і програмного забезпечення для експресного прогнозування корисних копалин.Розглянуто можливість підвищення ефективності геологорозвідувальних робіт на нафту і газ у результаті впровадження науково обґрунтованих теоретичних уявлень та нових технологій вивчення нетрадиційних нафтогазоносних об’єктів – імпактних структур. Наведено стислий огляд наукових досліджень та виробничих робіт з оцінки перспектив нафтогазоносності імпактних структур кристалічного фундаменту як за кордоном, так і на території України. На основі багаторазового аналізу наявних даних зроблено висновок про дифузійну природу прямопошукових газо-геохімічних аномалій над нафтовими та газовими родовищами. Це дозволило ефективно використовувати при оцінці нетрадиційних об’єктів, зокрема імпактних структур, комплекс СТАГГД. Як приклад наведено картографічні результати вивчення цим методом Оболонської імпактної структури. Виконано також аналіз аерокосмічних зйомок за Сільянською імпактною структурою та запропоновано деякі рекомендації щодо подальшого вивчення її нафтогазоносності. Проведення в найкоротші терміни цілеспрямованих комплексних геолого-геофізичних робіт буде сприяти вирішенню проблем енергетичної безпеки держави.
Біологічно активні мікроелементи в питних водах четвертинного та бучацького водоносних горизонтів
Authors: Sukhorebryi A. O.
Published: December 2023

Наведені результати оцінки можливого біологічно активного ефекту побутових прісних вод. Мікроелементи (метали, перехідні елементи і неметали) є необхідною складовою функціонування організму людини. До таких мікроелементів відносяться Fe, Mn, Li, Al, Cо, Ni, Cu, Ag, Se, As, Cr, V, Zn, Cs, U та ін. У водах четвертинних відкладів і бучацького водоносного комплексу встановлена наявність Fe, Mn, Li, Al, Cо, Ni, Cu, Ag, Se, As, які є біологічно активними мікроелементами. Крім того, у цих водах зафіксовані Cr, V, Zn, Cd, Cs, Pb, U, які не мають лікувальних властивостей, проте є важливими для нормального функціонування організму людини. Хоча обстеження були виконані лише в шести населених пунктах Київської області, отриманих результатів достатньо для попередніх висновків, які дають підставу для обґрунтування нового напряму – біологічних аспектів питних підземних вод побутового призначення.
The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Knowledge in Predicting Employees’ Illness Anxiety
Authors: Darvish Nazgol , Taklavi Somayyeh
Published: December 2023

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas and emotional knowledge in predicting employees’ anxiety. The current research is of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all employees of companies (Aida Nar, Arshida, Sobh Farda and Avijeh) in Tehran from October to January 2021. Using available sampling method, 135 people were selected. The respondents filled in Young & Brown, 1994 (1994) schema questionnaire, Grant et al.’s (2002) emotional awareness, and Ahadi and Pasha’s hypochondriasis questionnaire (2001), and finally, regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The obtained findings showed that initial maladaptive schemas and emotional knowledge can predict employees’ illness anxiety (p<0.05). Accordingly, disconnection area (β = -0.37), disrupted constraint area (β = -0.24), autonomy area (0.10), Emotional self-awareness (β = 0.05), other areas of orientation (β = 0.04) and area of autonomy (β = 0.10) had the highest coefficient of influence in predicting illness anxiety, respectively. According to the results of this research, early maladaptive schemas and emotional knowledge can predict illness anxiety; hence, counselors and psychologists should prioritize early maladaptive schemas and emotional knowledge in the study of anxiety.
Systematic Review of Behavioural Determinants Impacting Managerial Accounting Decision-Making: A Meta-Analysis Approach
Authors: Lagovska Olena
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Analyse and evaluate the behavioural determinants of the formation of a management circulation system at an enterprise. Methodology. The creation of a management accounting model is determined by: user orientation and efficiency of information transfer. Approach. Decision-making models can be created in different ways. The article also defines the set of tasks as a set of alternative sets. Findings. The initial decision must first be correctly formulated based on the conditions and constraints of the external system that affect the problem to be solved. Practical Implications. The results of the article can be used by managers of different levels at an enterprise to assess and predict the determinants of the external and internal environment when making management decisions. Originality. This article is aimed at a systematic analysis of behavioural determinants in the system of management accounting at an enterprise. It covers not only the influence of the determinants of the internal environment but also aims to systematically take into account the full cycle of the management decision-making process. Value. The decision-making process is considered as a system consisting of certain typical steps and their interaction. Their number may vary depending on conditions and types of tasks.
Precarious Language Learning and Teaching: The Case of German, French and Mandarin in South African Schools
Authors: van der Walt Christa
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this paper is to describe and reflect on the position of what are called second additional languages in the language teaching landscape of South African schools. This landscape is crowded, with different South African languages vying for attention. Amidst efforts to increase the number of learners who offer an African language as one of the subjects in the school exit examination, initiatives to introduce languages like Mandarin and Swahili put additional pressure on an already over-burdened system. The paper considers this crowded landscape and the implications for the teaching of German, French and Mandarin at secondary school level. These are only three of at least fifteen languages offered as second additional languages. This paper focuses on these three because they are most widely taught in mainstream schools. The policies and practices as well as the problems with teaching these languages are described, focusing on the types of learner who will choose these languages, the approach to teaching them and possible actions that could ensure the continued offering of second additional languages at primary and secondary schools.
The Role of Age in Second Language Development
Authors: Singleton David , Leśniewska Justyna
Published: December 2023

This article delves into the ongoing debate surrounding the role of age in second language acquisition, examining developments over the past three decades and highlighting contentious issues. We argue that the commonly held belief in age’s pivotal role is frequently contradicted by empirical evidence. Additionally, we examine the age-related debate with respect to foreign language teaching. A brief review is provided on advances in neuroscientific techniques, which show that the adult brain retains substantial plasticity for language learning, followed by a discussion of these findings in relation to lifelong language learning. Finally, we turn to Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, which offers a dynamic perspective that emphasizes the evolving interplay of age, context, and individual factors, pointing to the need for more qualitative research.
مقایسه تطبیقی شخصیت‌های زنان در حکایت‌های ایرانی، عربی و مصری کتاب هزار و یک شب با استفاده از فرانقش اندیشگانی هلیدی
Authors: RAEİSİ Asieh , KIRLANGIÇ Hicabi
Published: December 2023

هزار و یک شب دایرةالمعارف حکایت‌هایی است که به دلیل امتزاج فرهنگ‌های گوناگون در آن، زمینه‌ی مناسبی برای مطالعات تطبیقی است. باتوجه به نقش سه فرهنگ ایرانی، مصری و عربی در شکل‌گیری داستان‌ها و اهمیت شخصیت زنان در آ‌ن‌ها، 14 حکایت کتاب با رویکرد فرانقش اندیشگانی هلیدی و با محوریت زنان، مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد.

در این تحقیق، بیشترین کنش‌گریِ زنان، در حکایت‌های ایرانی و بیشترین انفعالِ آن­ها در حکایت‌های عربی است. شباهت بین حکایت‌های ایرانی و مصری، بیشتر بین زناِن عیارِ مصری و دخترانِ شاهزاده‌ی ایرانی بروز می‌یابد و کمتر شباهتی بین دختران ایرانی و عرب می‌بینیم. در حکایت‌های مصری، اصل نیرنگ و فریب‌دهی پررنگ است؛­ حتی نام‌ها و لقب‌هایی چون محتاله، روسپی، عجوزک پلید و...، نشان‌‌دهنده‌ی این نکته است؛ در هر سه گونه‌ی حکایت‌های مصری، عربی و ایرانی، فرهنگشان، متبلور است؛ مثلا شعرخوانی زنان عرب، نمودار اهمیت فصاحت و بلاغت در این فرهنگ است یا خواستگاری حکیمان از دختران ایرانی، نشان دهنده‌ی اهمیت حکمت در ایران قدیم است. در حکایت‌های عربی و مصری ارتباط اجتماعیِ ضعیفِ زنان، نوعی ارزش به شمار می‌آید. عشق در حکایت‌های ایرانی پررنگ است و در قصه‌های مصری جای خود را به رقابت‌طلبی می‌دهد؛ عاشق حتی ممکن است همزمان با دختران دیگر نیز ازدواج کند؛ عشق در حکایت‌های عربی، کلا ناپیدا است؛ زیرا زن، منفعل‌تر و در دسترس‌تر از آن است که آرزو و درد عاشقانه‌ی مردی شود.
Remembering a passionate Astronomy Education Researcher
Authors: Eriksson Urban
Published: December 2023

Messages from around the world in memory of Prof. Paulo Sergio Bretones
Predictive factors of death in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Corona Fonseca Mercedes , Sánchez Lozano Ada , Castro López Ernesto , Corona Martínez Luis Alberto
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to determine the predictors of death (in the first 21 days) in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage; for this, an observational, descriptive-correlational study was carried out, which included 79 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2016 and 2021. Fatality due to the disease and its relationship with various variables were determined, for which bivariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was performed; The Odds Ratio and its confidence interval were used as statisticians. Among the main results are the following: 29 patients (36.7%) died. Mortality was higher in older adults (40% vs 33%, not significant), in females (43% vs 29%, not significant) and in patients admitted within the first 48 hours of diagnosis (43% vs 7%, OR 9.8[1.2;79.7]); also in whom the cause of the bleeding could not be identified (64%), and in the clinical presentation with a predominance of alterations in the state of consciousness (OR 3.3[1.03;10.5]). In the clinical and imaging scales used, a progressive increase in lethality from low to high grades was found (Hunt and Hess: OR 13.6[4.3;43.2]; Fisher: OR 14.4[1.8;115.3]). As conclusions of the investigation, the lethality at 21 days in the series studied is considered high, and was associated with the clinical presentation with a predominance of alterations in the state of consciousness, the greater intensity of the initial bleeding (Fisher IIIIV), the occurrence of neurological complications and the superimposed respiratory infection. The importance of rebleeding in the occurrence of death is verified, as well as the condition of death predictor of the Hunt and Hess scale.
Resilience and quality of life in a group of older adults displaced by violence in Colombia
Authors: Parra-Santacruz Cindy Paola , Sánchez-Valencia Gemelly , León Tomás- , Martínez -Sánchez Heidi , Palacio-Valencia María Cristina , Muñoz-Ávarez Erika Natalia , Serna-Trejos Juan Santiago
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Resilience is an element that promotes the psychological well-being of people displaced by violence. The quality of life related to health focuses on an individual’s assessment of their quality of life, which becomes essential in evaluating health outcomes in the displaced population. Methodology: This is a qualitative study with a narrative-interpretive design that aims to understand the factors that generate psychological resilience and some connotations or perceptions of quality of life in a group of older adults displaced by violence in Colombia that belong to a support program called “income generation”. Results: Living conditions, such as physical and social-spiritual well-being, affected the groups’ quality of life. Resilience processes favour coping and tolerance to conditions of social vulnerability caused by displacement. Conclusions: The phenomena that help explain psychological resilience in the participants mainly correspond to individual differences, with self-perception of competence, positive perspectives, and projection towards the future as the factors that most boldly explain the resilience characteristics of older adults.
Pengembangan Promosi Kerajinan Tekstil Khas Batak Di Siantar Berbasis Website
Authors: Ginting Ria Ukur , Manurung Jaka Baskara
Published: December 2023

Promotion is one way of marketing products and services by companies. However, there are also many small or medium enterpreneurs who still use word of mouth as a way to promote their business. It is still found that middle to lower class enterpreneurs have not utilized existing technology to promote their businesses through websites. Many companies or traders carry out promotions in varoius ways, such as throught social media, instragram, websites and many others. The method used in this research is waterfall, the programming language PHP, MySQL, UML. The aim of the research is to develop website based promotion of typical Batak textile crafts in Siantar. In this case, it can help enterpreneurs in distributing textile crafts to the market. The results can be used by enterpreneurs selling typical Batak textile crafts via websites and enterpreneurs can promote crafts widely.
The long way home: Migration trends of Ukrainian researchers in the modern world (1991‒2023)
Authors: Karmadonova Tetiana
Published: December 2023

In a modern world marked by intense migration processes, the analysis of the migration of Ukrainian scientists and their choice of destination countries, especially in the context of recent events in Ukraine, is an important subject of scientific research. This study examines migration trends among Ukrainian researchers in various historical periods from the early 1990s to the present. The research is based on the analysis of scientific literature for theoretical insights and previous studies, the use of statistical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the analysis of political, economic, and sociocultural contexts to understand migration factors, methods of observing real events and processes, and historical analysis to trace the evolution of migration processes. Factors influencing scientists' decisions regarding migration and their motivations, as well as destination countries, were analyzed in the article. Three key migration stages are highlighted: the post-Soviet period (1991–2012), the post-revolutionary period (2013–2021), and the period of full-scale war (2022 and onwards). The first stage, covering the years 1991–2012, was characterized by the outflow of scientists in search of economic opportunities and stability. Destination countries during this stage included the USA, Russia, Germany, Israel, Canada, and Poland. The second stage, from 2013 to 2021, was marked by deep social and political transformations in Ukraine following the Euromaidan Revolution and the annexation of Crimea by Russia. Scientists chose Germany, Canada, and Poland for academic collaboration and research funding.The third stage, which began in 2022 and continues to the present, is defined by the full-scale war in Ukraine. Scientists are leaving the country due to a sense of danger and military conflict. The primary migration destinations are EU countries, which offer opportunities for academic cooperation and safety. Prospects for further scientific research lie in the analysis of the historical roots of the migration of Ukrainian scientists, including the impact of events and reforms in Ukraine and the world on migration processes.
The Fe-C diagram – History of its evolution
Authors: Gutnyk Maryna , Nürnberger Florian
Published: December 2023

The evolution of concepts and methods of physical and chemical science that contributed to the formation of the Fe-C diagram during the previous centuries is considered. Despite the classical knowledge, there are still differences in the representation of the Fe-C diagram by scientists from different countries, in particular, the data of scientists from Germany, Poland, Ukraine, the USA, and Australia are somewhat mismatched. The authors tried to understand the reasons for this discrepancy. To conduct the research, general scientific methods of cognition were used: comparative analysis and synthesis, as well as a chronological one. It is claimed that the first studies of carbon content in steel were carried out in 1802. Further research development began in 1827–1829 when it was established that graphite is pure carbon. It is emphasized that further studies of carbon content in steel and cast iron are connected with attempts to create the first graphs of dependence on content and temperature. This, in turn, contributed to the development of the industrial revolution. It is believed that the first complete diagram was presented in 1897 by Roberts-Austen. Later, with the use of X-ray methods and microscopy, the Fe-C diagram gradually took on a new form. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists actively proposed their phase diagrams. Studies conducted by scientists of different countries during 1909–1911 gained a consolidation, which was produced at the 6th Congress of the International Association for testing materials meeting into the unification of the names of phase transformations. Further research until the beginning of the Second World War was aimed at the creation of “pure” steel, that is, without harmful impurities, and clarifying the transformation temperatures. The period of the Great Depression in the USA and the war in Europe did not contribute to scientific research. At the same time, for the mass production of steel and cast iron, errors in critical points of a few degrees did not have a significant impact, that is, refining the temperatures of phase transformations were not considered appropriate. Today’s trend in scientific research is aimed at solving environmental problems caused by the industrial revolution.
Developmental review of metal additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Sokolovskyi Mykola , Bernatskyi Artemii
Published: December 2023

This work is devoted to the study of the progress in various areas of additive manufacturing technology usage - from the first theories of layer-by-layer manufacturing to modern additive manufacturing technologies. Additive manufacturing technologies are some of the most rapidly developing sectors of manufacturing, maintaining significant interest of the scientific community due to the their represent of both an alternative manufacturing method for existing structures, as well as opening up opportunities for the development of new structures with structural complexity unattainable for traditional technologies. During historical review of the development and implementation of various technological processes in additive manufacturing for metals, a gap in compiling a comprehensive picture of the general development of additive manufacturing technologies in metallurgy was discovered. For a better understanding and systematization of knowledge about additive manufacturing, on top of answering a number of common questions about these technologies, an analysis of publicly known knowledge about their historical applications in the leading countries of the world was conducted. A number of additive manufacturing technologies were considered, such as Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing, Selective Laser Sintering, Selective Laser Melting, Electron Beam Melting, and Laser-Engineered Net Shaping. The study focused on the developments carried out by various countries of the world in the 20th and 21st centuries by scientists from such countries as the USA, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, Canada, the USSR and others. The main documents for the initial research efforts for each family of additive manufacturing processes and various applications of these technologies - from topography and stereolithography to modern medicine with the aerospace industry ‒ were reviewed; their main findings, breakthroughs and challenges were discussed. An analysis and classification of previous studies that focus on the development of various technological processes and their implementation was carried out. As a result of the analysis, a systematized approach to the creation of a comprehensive scheme for the development of additive technologies related to the development of technologies in various directions was proposed.
Activities of Professor Tomasz Rylski (1838‒1924) in the birth and development of tests of agricultural machines in the second half of the 19th century
Authors: Klymenko Mykhailo
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the activity, scientific and creative achievements of Professor Tomasz Nikodem Ścibor-Rylski in the development of the field of testing agricultural machines in the second half of the 19th century. To achieve the aim of the study, the principles of historicism, scientificity and objectivity of coverage of historical phenomena and events were used based on the application of the historical-scientific method, methods of analysis and generalization. For the first time, a number of archival documents were introduced into scientific circulation, which shed light on the scientist's activities in the field of testing agricultural machines. In the article, based on archival data, the available creative work of the scientist, the main stages of his activity in the issue of the origin and formation of tests of agricultural machines and tools are updated. The activities of Professor T. Rylski contributed to the birth of the scientific foundations of agricultural tests, the formation of the principles of rational use of agricultural equipment by farmers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The professor's long-term participation in various agricultural exhibitions and competitions led to the laying of the foundations for the creation of the first agricultural testing station in Dublyany on the territory of western Ukraine. Justifying the need to create a test station, T. Rylski relies on the importance of the transition from the "exhibition" method of testing agricultural machines to testing at specialized stations. The scientist believed that it is the scientific approach to testing that will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the use of agricultural equipment and reducing errors during its operation. The formation of the Dublyany Higher Agricultural School, as a powerful scientific and testing center on the territory of modern Ukraine and Poland, is connected with the scientist's name. The creative heritage of T. Rylski indicates his invaluable contribution to the emergence of the scientific foundations of agricultural equipment testing. Therefore, it is precisely the absence of a special comprehensive study of scientific, creative and organizational activity of a scientist in the historiography of science and technology that determines the relevance of this study.
The electrification of the tin mining in Kinta Valley: Role of Perak River Hydroelectric Power Company (1927‒1940)
Authors: Rosli Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd , Rus Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd , Mansor Suffian
Published: December 2023

Electricity, first introduced in Colonial Malaya as early as the 1890s, and by the 1920s became the major source of power in the tin-mining industry. Surprisingly, despite its vital role in the economy, electricity has received little attention in Malaysian historiography. In the country’s main tin-mining center, Kinta Valley, Perak, the Perak River Hydro-Electric Power Company with its head-office in London, played a significant role in supplying electricity for mine operator. Since early 1920s, British Government aimed to develop hydroelectric power by building dams on the Perak River. They viewed the Perak River as an important source of hydroelectric power for electrifying Colonial Malaya especially for tin mining-industry. Financial constraints forced the British Government, however, to hand over responsibilities to the PRHEPC. This article aims to identify how PRHEPC managed the development of electricity supply facilities and its significance to the tin miners in the Kinta Valley before 1940. The PRHEPC diversified its energy facilities development strategies to guarantee electricity supply to mine operators covering a wide area. Their ability to exploit the Perak River through the construction of a large-capacity hydroelectric station and the strategy to combine steam generation and grid supply systems allowed the PRHEPC to effectively supply electricity to a large number of mine operators in the Kinta Valley. The development was financially beneficial to the power companies because this capital-saving approach allowed them to generate electricity at a far lower price than the fossil fuel power stations for their consumers. Cheap energy allowed mine operators to minimize the cost of the tin mining operation, particularly the sector shifted from labour-intensive to a capital-intensive business strategy. To dominate the tin mining sector, the operators greatly invested in modernizing mining methods through utilization of machinery such as the high-cost dredges. It was therefore imperative for mine operators to obtain cheap energy to offset the cost of investments. This case study clearly displayed the development of the tin mining sector in Kinta Valley was not merely influenced by electricity use, but also its economical generation through hydroelectric.
Synthesis, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicology (ADMET) and molecular docking studies of some pyridin-2(1H)-one derived from a Apocynin in Thi-Qar Governorate
Authors: Thejeel Entedhar , Athraa Hameed Mekky
Published: December 2023

The present study includes synthesized of some pyridin-2(1H)- one of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethan-1-one. The [ 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) - 4 - (4-methoxyphenyl) - 2 - oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine - 3- carbonitrile, 4 - (4-bromophenyl) - 6 -(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2- dihydropyridine - 3- carbonitrile, 4 - (4-bromophenyl) – 6 - (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1, 2 - dihydropyridine - 3-carbonitrile] derivatives have been synthesized by cyclization reaction of the 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one with various aldehydes (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 4-bromo benzaldehyde ,4-dimethyamino benzaldehyde) respectively and ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by the different available spectroscopic methods, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The physical properties were assessed. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by the use of 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The compounds 4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile,and4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, showed the highest activity as antioxidants (79.05, 67.28)%, which can be compared with ascorbic acid 82.71%, while the antioxidant activity of compound 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, showed less effectiveness for the antioxidant 17.55% at a concentration of 12 ppm. Also, the prepared compounds were assessed for in vitro biological activity against the two types of bacteria [staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli] respectively which displayed moderate inhibition. In an attempt to understand the ligand–protein interactions in terms of the binding affinity, docking studies were performed using Py-Rx and BIOVIA\Discovery Studio 2021 for the compounds.  the binding affinities calculated were in agreement with the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values.
Association between the Demographic Characteristics of Patients and the Severity of COVID-19
Authors: Fadhil Hayder
Published: December 2023

The relationship between obesity and COVID-19 is controversial. In addition, the disease’s relationship to sex and re-infection is not fully understood. This study investigated the demographic characteristics of 120 patients in the age range from 27 to 70 years old, without chronic disease, who were infected with COVID-19 and treated at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar Province/Southern of Iraq. In this study, the male increased non-significantly than female 55.83% 44.17% respectively. The infected females had a higher BMI (29.1 ± 6.07kg/m2) than males (26.7 ± 5.99 kg/m2); 12.5% of the male patients and 0.83% of the female patients were previously infected with COVID-19; and 12.5% of the patients and 7.5% of female patients were previously vaccinated against COVID-19. The study noted a positive relationship between BMI and disease severity in both male and female patients and that males had a higher percentage of severe disease than females. The study identified age and BMI had association with disease severity, that COVID-19 occurred more in males than females, and that 80% of patients were not vaccinated against COVID-19.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Study of New3-[(2Z)-2(2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl]-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-3-ium and its Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Al alawy Hadeel , Ibrahim.A.Flifel
Published: December 2023

A new ligand 2-{5-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}phenol (L)  was prepared  and  characterized  by Infrared Spectra, H1 Nuclear magnatic resonance, C13 Nuclear magnatic resonance , and mass spectroscopy.  ligand was used as  chelating ligand  to prepare some  of  transition metal complexes with Ni(II), Co(II), and Cr(III). The prepared complexes  were  characterized  by FTIR, mass spectroscopy and conductance measurement. The hyper chem. program 7.51 was used for theoretical study using PM3 methodor the purpose of this study,. Regarding the information obtained about the complexes, we can suggest the octahedral geometry for Cr (III) complex, tetrahedral geometry for Co(II) and square planer for Ni(II). The effectiveness of these ligands against the breast cancer  was studied and  showed excellent results. the most active derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole exceeded the effect of reference drugs, so they may become the main new anti-cancer drugs in the future.
Application of safety tools to reduce accidents in the company Geos Ingenieros S.R.L. [Aplicación de herramientas de seguridad para reducción de accidentes en la empresa Geos Ingenieros S.R.L]
Authors: Chunque Cerquín Juan Carlos
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the development of this research was to determine the influence of the Safe Written Work Procedures (WSSP) operating in process activities on the reduction of accidents in a company Geos Ingenieros S.R.L. Therefore, the study was of the applied type with a descriptive approach. A population made up of workers from the various areas of the company was used. Likewise, non-probabilistic convenience sampling is used to calculate the sample size; Therefore, the sample would be made up of personnel from the company's security area. This resulted in the level of risks being significantly reduced, with critical risks being eliminated by 100%, low level risks being predominant by 90%, and moderate level risks by 10%, indicating so the number of accidents has been significantly reduced. Likewise, it was possible to improve the level of knowledge of the collaborators, the level of knowledge about the use of WSSP since it went from regular to excellent with 72%. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of WSSP has a positive impact, with a total decrease in accidents and better management of knowledge on safety issues.
Prediction of Metastatic Site Based On Somatic Gene Mutations in Primary Tumors in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gomez Paul
Published: December 2023

Objective The goal of this research is to predict the most likely metastatic site(s) of a primary prostate cancer tumor that has been resected via radical prostatectomy; its genome has been sequenced to obtain a list of gene mutations; and after initial inspection of pelvic lymph nodes, there is no clinical evidence of metastasis. However, micrometastases might already be growing in distant organs and cannot be detected at the time of surgery.
Background The most common metastatic targets in prostate cancer (PCa) are the pelvic lymph nodes (PLN) and bones. The PLNs are routinely dissected by a procedure called pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) simultaneously with the surgical removal of the prostate to detect the presence of metastatic growths. Additionally, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level is used to assess the existence of a metastatic stage. However, micrometastases in other organs and tissues might be overlooked.
Methods We downloaded publicly available prostate cancer tumor data from the website www.CbioPortal.org. After choosing the 25 most frequently mutated genes by metastatic site (MS) and finding genes that are uniquely mutated on specific metastatic sites, we found that the mutational signature of a prostate cancer tumor is associated with its MS, and thus, we developed a method to numerically predict this association.
Results After executing a computational algorithm on the data set of metastatic prostate tumors, it was found that we can predict metastatic sites with the following accuracies: bone (90.9%), retroperitoneum (87.5%), liver (83.0%), kidney (80.0%), pancreas (80.0%), adrenal glands (75.0%), lung (71.1%), and brain (72.5%).
Conclusions We successfully developed a method and an algorithm that predict the most likely metastatic site of a primary prostate cancer tumor based on its genetic mutations. The accuracy of the predictions for eight metastatic sites ranges from 71.1% to 90.9%, with an average of 80.5%.
Saudi Students’ Perspective on Social Media Usage to Promote EFL Learning
Authors: Sharma Vipin
Published: December 2023

This paper reports on a study into Saudi students’ perspectives on social media usage to promote EFL learning. Sixty Saudi learners of English as a foreign language enrolled at Jazan University were participants in the study. To gauge the participants’ perspective; a questionnaire was designed, adapted from Aifan (2015) and previous studies on social media and perceived attitude. We modified the questionnaire to our requisites to accomplish the real response on the use of social media to encourage collaboration and communication. The participants were asked to respond about their perceptions to use English on Social media, affective variables, and hypothetical usefulness of social media applications of what they learned in the class and reflecting on their learning experience in English. Results showed that students had a positive attitude toward social media usage, despite a few barriers, feeling more confident, less anxious, more competent, and more willing to communicate in English on social media. We suggest that the careful construction of tasks, activities and projects based on the use of social media integrate with the curriculum, workshops and faculty development programs on social media usage can have a positive effect on the language learning process.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership in Moderating the Performance of High School Lecturers Health Sciences (STIKES) in Riau Province
Authors: Raflinor  , Bidiyanto  , Agustedi
Published: December 2023

This paper explains the influence of transformational leadership on the performance of Health Sciences College Lecturers (STIKES) in Riau Province. As a university, it can organize academic, professional and/or vocational programs, so it is required to have good performance. It is possible to improve the low performance of STIKES lecturers in Riau Province with the role of transformational leadership from the leadership elements at the university. This research uses quantitative methods with descriptive techniques by testing certain theories by analyzing the relationships between measured variables, usually using research tools consisting of numbers and analyzed according to statistical procedures. The scope of this research is in the field of human resource/HR management, especially performance, namely the performance of STIKES lecturers in Riau. The population in this research is all lecturers who teach at STIKES in Riau, totaling 183 people spread across 7 STIKES, with the criteria for lecturers who make up the population being permanent lecturers who already have a functional position and have a minimum of a Master's degree. Of the 183 STIKES lecturers in Riau who were sampled, 127 were lecturers because they met the criteria as permanent lecturers and had functional positions, 50 lecturers did not have functional positions, and 6 lecturers were still undergraduates, so they were excluded from the population. The research results show that there is an influence of transformational leadership on lecturers' performance when they lead charismatically, motivate, inspire, intellectual stimulus and individual attention to the lecturers' performance.
Ethical Leadership and Creativity Among Employees: Does Leadership Trust and Organizational Climate Matter?
Authors: Addai Prince , Asiedu Esther , Boakye Afia Nyarko , Kumardzi Bright
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Leaders encourage employee innovation for organizational effectiveness, but the perception of ethical leadership and factors like trust and organizational climate can influence this dynamic. This study assessed leadership trust and organizational climate as explanatory factors influencing the association between ethical leadership and creativity.Design: Responses were sought from 354 employees from a multinational organization in manufacturing in Ghana. The respondents completed questionnaires that measured ethical leadership, employee trust in leadership, organizational climate, and creativity.Findings: The findings using the PROCESS macro indicated a positive relationship between ethical leadership and creativity. The influence of ethical leadership on creativity was confirmed to be moderated by organizational climate and partially mediated by employees’ trust in leadership. The findings clearly highlight the eminence of leadership trust and organizational climate in explaining ethical leadership's impact on employees' creativity. Practical Implications: The study implies that organizations aiming to enhance creativity and effectiveness should promote ethical leadership while considering the influence of trust and the overall work environment. This study is the first of its kind to assess the underlying mechanisms of leadership trust and organizational climate in explaining the linkage between ethical leadership and employee creativity.
ADAPTING THE ILLINOIS BULLYING SCALE INTO AZERBAIJANI: EXPLORING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN BULLYING, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS, AND WELLBEING
Authors: Rustamov Elnur , Aliyeva Matanat , Nahmatova Ulviyya , Rustamova Narinj
Published: December 2023

Bullying is a significant concern in the realm of psycho-social issues today. This study aimed to adapt the Illinois Bullying Scale for use with Azerbaijani adolescents and explore the relationships between bullying, psychological distress, and well-being. The study involved 3,320 Azerbaijani teenagers, comprising 1,882 females and 1,488 males. Various statistical techniques were applied during the adaptation process to assess the measurement's psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine its factor structure, concurrent validity was assessed, and reliability analyses were conducted. Mediation analysis was employed to investigate the links between bullying, psychological distress, and well-being. The results from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire, consisting of 18 questions, had a three-dimensional structure and demonstrated a good fit. Additionally, the study found positive relationships between bullying, victimization, fighting, and psychological distress, while these were negatively associated with well-being. Importantly, the findings highlighted that psychological distress acted as a mediator in the impact of bullying sub-dimensions on well-being. Collectively, these results suggest that the Azerbaijani adaptation of the Illinois Bullying Scale exhibits favorable psychometric qualities.
Keywords: bullying scale, psychological distress, mental wellbeing, scale adaptation
TEST ANXIETY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Stoyanova Stanislava
Published: December 2023

The present study aims at comparing test anxiety among secondary school students and university students to reveal if the interventions for reducing test anxiety should be focused more on secondary school students who do not have enough skills for emotional management. The Bulgarian version of the Westside Test Anxiety Scale was used among 60 junior high school/middle school students, 30 high school students and 90 university students. It was found that test anxiety diminished with age advance. Higher test anxiety was manifested during the school/academic year than at the beginning of the school year. The interventions for reducing test anxiety should be focused mainly on overcoming negative thoughts, and negative self-talk during exams, and worry about own performance after the exam. Keywords: test anxiety, secondary school students, university students
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON HIV AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS: IS MORE RESEARCH NEEDED?
Authors: Tragantzopoulou Panagiota , Giannouli Vaitsa
Published: December 2023

The increase in the number of ageing people living with HIV and the documented neurocognitive impairments have highlighted the need to illuminate the existing findings and evaluate the impact that HIV has on older individuals.
A review of the evidence for neuropsychological declines in memory, executive functions, attention and language in people aged 60 years or more was conducted. The databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO and Pubmed were searched for eligible studies based on keywords.
Eight studies of low to high quality that looked at HIV+ older adults (≥ 60) were identified. The majority of older HIV+ adults experienced severe declines in all the cognitive domains under study. There were mixed results regarding the association among advancing age, functioning decline and HIV. Comparisons between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected older adults showed that HIV+ subjects demonstrate higher scores of cognitive decline in memory, attention, language and executive functions. Further, comparisons among HIV+ adults, demographically matched individuals with mild cognitive impairment of the Alzheimer's type and healthy controls demonstrated that both disease groups perform worse, but the Alzheimer’s type group reports a greater decline in memory and language.
Neuropsychological functioning in HIV+ adults presents great decline but studies on this population are limited. As individuals with HIV are increasingly living longer, studies should pay attention to these individuals and examine predictors of neuropsychological decline in the face of well-controlled interventions and treatments.
Keywords: HIV, memory, neuropsychological function, executive functions, older adults