bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-commerce Adoption in Nigerian Businesses
Authors: Ekong Uyinomen O. , Ifinedo Princely , Ayo Charles K. , Ifinedo Airi
Published: April 2012

Business organizations around the world engage in e-commerce (EC) and e-business to support business operations and enhance revenue generation from non-traditional sources. Studies focusing on EC adoption in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) are just beginning to emerge in the extant information systems (IS) literature. The objective of this current study is to investigate factors impacting the acceptance of EC in small businesses in SSA with Nigeria as an example. A research model based on the Diffusion of Innovation (DIT) and the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) frameworks were used to guide this discourse. Such factors as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, management support, organizational readiness, external pressure, and IS vendor support were used to develop relevant hypotheses. Questionnaires were administered to respondents in Nigeria and data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. Predictions related to relative advantage, management support, and IS vendor support were confirmed; the other hypotheses were unsupported by the data. The study’s implications for research and practice are discussed in the chapter.
Building a Conceptual Model of Factors affecting Personal Credit and Insolvency in China based on the Methodologies used in Western Economies
Authors: Majewski Grzegorz , Usoro Abel , Chumnumpan Pattarin
Published: April 2012

Chinese economy is developing at an unprecedented pace. This expansion is prominent not only in the external aspect (increased export), but also internally in the increase in the demand for goods and services by common Chinese families. This demand cannot always be met by the monthly salary and therefore the need for personal credit. Because of the substantial risk involved in lending, there is need for robust and reliable credit evaluation procedures, strategies, policies, and systems. Lessons learned from the subprime mortgage crisis in U.S. are that lending can be a very risky activity that can lead to recession for a whole economy. Banks and other financial institutions in China are in need of appropriate procedures and systems should a barrier to further economic development be avoided. Besides, existing models and systems that are prevalent in the West may not fully match Chinese banking environment or the society itself. An appropriate personal credit rating methodology should take into account the differences between the Western and Chinese society and culture. There apparently does not exist such a methodology in literature that takes into consideration the unique Chinese situation. The aim of this chapter is to begin to fill this gap in knowledge by building a conceptual model of factors influencing demand for consumer credit and insolvency (bad debts) in China, based on the available methodologies used in the Western societies.
Innovation by Imitation?
Authors: Hospers Gert-Jan , van Tuijl Erwin , Benneworth Paul
Published: April 2012

In the hope to boost regional competitiveness, public authorities increasingly try to imitate success stories of regional innovation. For most areas, Silicon Valley is the dream scenario. Against this background, the chapter discusses the usefulness of benchmarking success stories of regional innovation. For this purpose, the authors review insights from Schumpeterian innovation theory, economic geography, and public policy studies. On the basis of this overview, they conclude that especially in the field of regional innovation, it is hard to reproduce the success of best practices. Therefore, the authors plea for more realism in regional innovation policy: regions may draw inspiration from success stories, but cannot turn themselves in a second Silicon Valley. Thus, the guiding principle for public authorities should be: don’t imitate – innovate!
High Technology Cluster Growth Initiatives in Singapore
Authors: Ng Pak Tee
Published: April 2012

Cluster growth initiatives, especially in high technology industries, are part of many countries’ attempt at developing a competitive edge in the global market. This chapter describes and analyses how Singapore attempts to develop three specific high technology clusters – media, aerospace engineering, and alternative energy. It highlights and examines the strategies used to promote cluster growth. It also discusses the different roles of the government in promoting high technology cluster growth and some of the challenges Singapore will face in moving forward in this journey.
Radical Innovation and Technology Diffusion in Traditional Clusters
Authors: Albors-Garrigos Jose , Hervás-Oliver José-Luis
Published: April 2012

Academic literature has emphasized how firms in regional clusters exploit both place-specific local resources as well as external, world-class knowledge respectively to strengthen their competitiveness expanding the influence of regional systems of innovation. Innovation based in more complex technologies tends to be based in more open systems utilising the clusters external networks. However, in general, cluster literature has associated clusters with incremental innovation. This chapter analyses the determinants of radical innovation development in traditional (low and medium tech) clusters caused by high-tech located industries. It analyses the case of the development of breakthrough innovation and its diffusion in the tile ceramic Spanish cluster. It examines how market demands, customer orientation, technology diffusion from other industries, and industry competitiveness, as well as cluster internal and external networking facilitate the development of a complex technology within a common set of social capital, shared cognitive schemes, and understandings.
Cluster of Berries in Chile
Authors: Bas Tomas Gabriel
Published: April 2012

This chapter analyzes the dynamic sectors that have largely contributed to the advancement of the region in terms of innovation by scientific knowledge and competencies. The author is interested in them from the start, current development, and future expansion. The chapter explores the patterns that resulted in a dynamic sector, trying to establish the conditions that make its growth possible through an analysis of the major scientific and technological capability in the Southern Region. In this way the form of relationships which has helped to generate virtuous circles in the competitive sectors of regional economies can be established, as well as discovery of what can be done to improve it. The conditions to actually set up a cluster in Berries are currently inadequate because of the lack of communication between the different “actors.” There is a lack of innovation by the producers, lack of information flow relating to the market requirements by the companies, and a lack of effective transfer of knowledge from the public sector and research bodies. These, amongst other factors, affect the competitiveness of the sector.
Managing the Performance of Highly Mobile Skilled Individuals in Hi-Tech Firms
Authors: Mohanty Samarendra Kumar , ArunPrasad P.
Published: April 2012

The change in business terrain is accelerated by globalization, which has opened many avenues of growth. To survive in this environment, the organization requires alignment of its strategic goals and available human resources. The need is to manage the performance of the employee, who is the most important resource of the organization. The focus has now shifted to the highly skilled workforce in order to leverage technology. This chapter highlights the studies conducted on the factors affecting the people in the workplace. While some researchers have defined what it means to be a skilled employee, other researchers have provided their views on the inequity, identity, compensation, meaning of work and international policy and approach of various countries for workers. This study also came across various aspects of migration of skilled workers studied by number of researchers. The current research provides solutions in the form of requisites to improve performance of skilled employees, which will be especially useful to multinational corporations operating in the hi-tech sector. The validity of the factors can be judged from the research conducted across the continents that includes major industrialized countries in the world. It looked into the work practices followed in these countries. The chapter provides research propositions based on the literature reviewed.
A PCA-FBPN Approach for Job Cycle Time Estimation in a Wafer Fabrication Factory
Authors: Chen Toly
Published: April 2012

Variable replacement is a well-known technique to improve the forecasting performance, but has not been applied to the job cycle time forecasting, which is a critical task to a semiconductor manufacturer. To this end, in this study, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to enhance the forecasting performance of the fuzzy back propagation network (FBPN) approach. First, to replace the original variables, PCA is applied to form variables that are independent of each other, and become new inputs to the FBPN. Subsequently, a FBPN is constructed to estimate the cycle times of jobs. According to the results of a case study, the hybrid PCA-FBPN approach was more efficient, while achieving a satisfactory estimation performance.
IS and Organization for Online Corporate Reputation Management
Authors: Francesconi Alberto , Dossena Claudia
Published: April 2012

According to the Resource Based View, corporate reputation is seen as a core resource and a major factor in gaining competitive advantage. Thanks to the development of Web-based technologies, stakeholders can easily spread their own perspective about an organization, its products, services, brands, members, and so forth, affecting its corporate reputation. This work examines the Web side of corporate reputation conceptualized as ‘online corporate reputation’ and the exploitation of IT (Online Reputation Management Systems) to support the related management practices. Based on the experience developed by an Italian leading e-service provider, the authors highlight a promising field of practice and research from IS management and organizational perspectives.
Investment in Human Capital as a Means to Preserve IT Strategic Advantage in an Organization
Authors: Preve Nikolaos
Published: April 2012

The rapid evolution of technology during the past decade has increased among large organizations, while at that same time they are reducing costs to retain their strategic advantage in the market. Organizations have also realized that numerous employees or cutting the size of an organization is not always a solution. Most recently, they have turned their attention to the human factor, which is renewable, to gain and retain strategic advantage inside a competitive market. The paper analyses investment in human capital, demonstrating how it is the sole solution. This paper examines knowledge employees, based on a well-structured IT department, and how they increase productivity and comprise the core of the organization structure. The leadership of an organization must administer its human resources properly to maximize the profit of their investment.
Social Capital as a Determinant Factor of Software Development Productivity
Authors: Yilmaz Murat , O’Connor Rory
Published: April 2012

Social capital is an important network based intangible asset with a potential for maximizing individual and team productivity in a social setting like software development. It is important to investigate intervening factors that challenge software development productivity. In this paper, the authors mixed method approach harnesses a structural equation model (SEM) for its quantitative part to establish a paradigm for understanding the effects of social factors for software development organizations. The proposed SEM model measures the correlations between several potential factors associated with productivity, social productivity, and social capital that are chosen as latent variables. For the qualitative phase, an industrial focus group is used to single out these factors and their association with potential social aspects. Quantitative data is gathered from a survey conducted at a university. The qualitative phase encompasses an industrial focus group, initially starting with the factors from the literature and refined through participants’ field experience. Findings indicate that a high correlation exists between several social factors that are reported by the focus group. Finally, initial results suggest that understanding the factors that affect social capital in software development is essential for building and sustaining highly productive development environments.
An Organisational Culture Model for Comparative Studies and Assessment of IT Projects
Authors: Khan Imran U. , Usoro Abel , Majewski Grzegorz
Published: April 2012

The research supports the notion that values affect work practices. It develops a comparatively simple organisational cultural model based on four work practices: support orientation, innovation orientation, co-ordination orientation, and rules orientation. For validation, it was operationalised into a 21 item survey questionnaire that mainly used a Likert scale from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree.” This paper presents the validity and reliability of the items with Cronbach alpha values of between 0.8 and 0.9. Both positive and negative values like trust, honesty, and selfishness affect work practices which are presented as good reflections and measures of organisational culture. The four work practices are reliable and valid reflections of organisational culture. Though not yet extensively tested, the model can be used by IT professionals for assessing IT projects from organisational culture perspective. It also constitutes a useful platform for other research, e.g., effect of organisational culture on knowledge sharing.
Implementation of Electronic Health Record System at a Community Healthcare Organization
Authors: Omachonu Vincent K. , Shatlock Kaytee
Published: April 2012

In the wake of the debate over healthcare reform, community health centers grapple with the challenges of implementing an Electronic Health Records (EHR) System. The barriers to an effective implementation are as varied as there are strategies for implementation. The culture of the organization adds a layer of complexity to the efforts to enhance organizational readiness for EHR implementation. By adopting a three-phased approach involving organizational assessment, data gathering and analysis and a discussion of results and findings, this study systematically identifies the barriers to the effective implementation of an EHR system at a community health center. Once identified, the lessons learned from the barriers were then used to manage the roll-out of the EHR system. Comparative data from the study reveals process and operational benefits in the proper implementation and adoption of the EHR system. This study was undertaken to understand the barriers to the implementation of EHR at a community health center and to use that information in guiding the implementation effort. This study also highlights some of the pitfalls in the implementation process.
Distributed Resource Allocation
Authors: Moummadi Kamal , Abidar Rachida , Medromi Hicham
Published: April 2012

The growth of technological capabilities of mobile devices, the evolution of wireless communication technologies, and the maturity of embedded systems contributed to expand the Machine to machine (M2M) concept. M2M refers to data communication between machines without human intervention. The objective of this paper is to present the grand schemes of a model to be used in an agricultural Decision support System. The authors start by explaining and justifying the need for a hybrid system that uses both Multi-Agent System (MAS) and Constraint Programming (CP) paradigms. Then, the authors propose an approach for Constraint Programming and Multi-Agent System mixing based on controller agent concept. The authors present concrete constraints and agents to be used in a distributed architecture based on the proposed approach for M2M services and agricultural decision support. The platform is built in Java using general interfaces of both MAS and Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) platforms and the conception is made by agent UML (AUML).
Edge Features and Geometrical Properties Based Approach for Vehicle License Plate Detection and Localization
Authors: Anoual Hinde , El Fkihi Sanaa , Jilbab Abdelilah , Aboutajdine Driss
Published: April 2012

Frequently, a need exists to identify vehicle license plates (VLP) for security. The extracted information from VLP is used for enforcement, access-control, and flow management, e.g., to keep a time record for automatic payment calculations or fight crime, making license plate detection crucial and inevitable in the VLP recognition system. This paper presents a robust method to detect and localize license plates in images. Specifically, the authors examine Moroccans’ VLPs. The proposed approach is based on edge features and characteristics of license plate characters. Various images including Moroccans’ VLPs were used to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results show that the authors’ system can efficiently detect and localize the VLP in the images. Indeed, the recall/precision curve proves that 95% precision rate is obtained for recall rate value equals to 81%. In addition, the standard measure of quality is equal to 87.44%.
Technology
Authors: Persson Per-Arne
Published: April 2012

The question “What do we really mean by technology?” has initiated a rich discussion among researchers and students, as well as consultants and lecturers, on a website during and after the summer of 2011. Complementary or alternative perspectives on topics like knowledge were discussed. Some discussants pointed at the meaning of knowledge and what is required of this ‘matter’ to understand technology. This article discusses factors that contribute to the difficulties in understanding technology, explaining by providing examples the movement from the concrete to abstractions when people try to design, classify, and understand technology in their environments. What has been ongoing during the last century is a process of understanding and controlling a radically changed world where terms like globalization and modernity express some of its key aspects. This process illustrates Beniger’s (1986) claim that humans apply symbolic control systems which then control by their meaning. Each new technology increases the need for control and for improved control technology. The naming of artifacts/technologies is part of the control efforts. The use of metaphors is common and useful, but also adds to the abstraction.
Understanding Conflicts in Agile Adoption through Technological Frames
Authors: Abdelnour-Nocera José , Sharp Helen
Published: April 2012

In this paper, adoption of a new software development method is viewed as socio-technical innovation and change; a framework based on Bijker’s Technological Frames (TF) is developed and used to model this innovation and change. To illustrate this process findings from one case study of a large organization adopting the agile software development method are presented. Qualitative data were collected from observations, interviews, and documents and analysed using TFs. The authors’ findings show that viewing agile adoption as socio-technical innovation and change provides results that resonate with existing research in the area and extends it. The key contribution of this case study to the socio-technical literature on systems development is a practical demonstration of how TFs can be used to facilitate the socio-technical understanding and identification of conflicts between stakeholder groups while going through the adoption of a new software development method.
An Experimental Study to Determine the Optimal Sizes for Ball-Valve Micropump Channel
Authors: Wu Ming Hsun , Lai Chien Mu
Published: April 2012

The geometrical configurations of ball-valve micropumps have great influence on its efficiency. In particular, the ball valve channels have great influence on the efficiency of ball-valve micropumps because the prevention of backflow directly affects the performance of ball-valve micropumps.This study used water to investigate the optimal size of channels for piezoelectric ball-valve micropumps. The results show that the optimal angle for micro ball valve seats is 30°. The piezoelectric film vibrates rapidly and the back pressure in the water outlet channel is higher than it in the water inlet channel . This phenomenon indicates that channels are optimal sizes for a distance of 0 mm in the water inlet channel and 0.3mm in the water outlet channel.
A Citrix XenApp and Web Based System for Product Design and Management
Authors: Zhao Jun Peng , Wang Chun Jie , Sun Ru , Wang Bin
Published: April 2012

This paper describes a system for product design and management. The system based on Citrix XenApp and Web to take advantage of common CAD softwares own interfaces for product design as well as provide user friendly web interfaces to manage product models. The innovation of this work lies in its concept concerning integrating Citrix XenApp and Web application to produce a highly interactive product design environment while keep those merits of the Web, such as ease of use, collaboration, cross-platform capability, controlled access, etc. In this paper, we first give an overview of the system architecture and then describe the highly-interactive product design environment and product model management interfaces. And at last we talk some issues and approaches used to achieve integration of Citrix XenApp and Web application to realize the efficient design and management system.
Multi-Dimensional Data Model and Version Control Method for Small-Batch Production
Authors: Wen Jing Qian , Li Qing , Wang Yuan
Published: April 2012

Characteristics of contemporary aircraft manufacturing are small batch, line-unit production and collaborative development. The consistency of product data is emphasized in collaborative development pattern. In order to meet the demand to share product data by designers, planners and quality inspectors in engineering change process, configuration-based and consistent product data model in different phases of development was established. A method is proposed that describes the evolvement of product data model and version in whole life cycle,and it supports configuration management. Multi-view and multi-dimensional display of product information was implemented.
Product Information Modeling and Organization with MBD
Authors: Liu Fang , Qiao Li Hong
Published: April 2012

Model-based definition (MBD) promises reduced time-to-market and improved product quality. Adopting MBD concept in product development process seems to be the next reasonable step. However, some existent critical issues related to data content and presentation need to be overcome. To offer proper solutions from the standpoint of design and manufacturing integration, MBD concept was firstly introduced in order to describe its characteristics and capabilities. Then the answers to the following questions were given: what data are necessary for design and manufacturing integration, how data should be semantically organized and presented based on solid model and CATIA PPR (Product Process & Resource) tree.
The Motion Control System of Servomotor Based on CAN Bus
Authors: Tong Jing Lin , Li Bo , Wang Xiao Bo
Published: April 2012

This paper introduces the hardware and the communication software design of control system based on Controller Area Network bus. The control system can realize to control the motion of servomotor through high speed C8501F040 single chip microcomputer with Controller Area Network bus and special motion controller - LM628. This system possesses characteristics such as simple structure, high reliability and high performance/price ratio. Key words: CAN bus, LM628, Motion Control System, Communication software
Research on Optical Microscope Measuring Method of External Thread Parameters Based on Charge-Couple Device
Authors: Wang Wen Qi , Shao Dong Xiang , Jiang Jian Feng , Wang Guang Lin
Published: April 2012

As an important component of the fasteners members, threads quality, depending on whether its geometric parameters meet requirements or not, will affect the reliability of the whole machine system. Therefore, geometrical parameters measurement of the thread is especially important. Aiming at the characteristics of the thread teeth type, this paper adopt a machine vision measurement method based on the universal tool microscope and CCD .This paper also analyzes the causes and influences of the teeth shading and proposes a corresponding improvement method, specific to the shading problem in the process of backlighting projection. After experimenting, this method can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of the male parameters measurement.
Operation Sequencing Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Liu Lian , Qiao Li Hong
Published: April 2012

Operation sequencing is one of the most important tasks in process planning. The sequencing procedures associate manufacturing features from 3D CAD models and machining methods together to satisfy certain manufacturing process constraints. In order to simplify process constraint aggregations, two types of constraint matrixes, feature constraint matrix and the operation constraint matrix, are proposed in this paper, which take into account of the compulsive constraints, such as geometric topology constraints, manufacturing process knowledge criteria, custom compulsive constraints and so forth. Accordingly, an iterative genetic algorithm is proposed, which is naturally used in the manufacturing feature level and operation level. In the manufacturing feature level, feasible feature sequences are generated based on the analysis of feature constraint matrix. In the operation level, the information that is contained in the machining operation such as machine tools, set-ups and cutting tools is considered to optimize the operation sequences based on the results acquired in the feature level. Compared with the traditional simple genetic algorithm, the iterative genetic algorithm is proved to be superior in shortening the operation sequencing time.
Large SAR Antenna Deployable Structure Design and Optimization
Authors: Wang Han , Wang Chun Jie , Li Xiao , Lin Qiu Hong
Published: April 2012

Remote sensing satellites equipped with large synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can image the earth in all weather and lighting conditions. For high packaging efficiency in launch and precise configuration on orbit, deployable mechanisms are designed to deploy the large SAR antenna panels. For the two-panel antenna, a six-bar-linkage deployable driving mechanism is designed. According to the design, a parameterized dynamic model is built in ADAMS software with secondary development technology to obtain its dynamics characteristics through simulation analysis. To improve the dynamic characteristics and the precision of deployment design of experiments and optimizations were carried through in this paper.
Current Research Trends on Resin Bond Used for Abrasive Products
Authors: Deng Qian Fa , Zhou Zhi Xiong , Ren Yu Gang , Lv Bing Hai , Yuan Ju Long
Published: April 2012

Resin bond is one of the most widely bond used for manufacturing abrasive product. This review paper discusses historical perspectives on resin bond, there are different abrasive products which can be produced by using various types of resin bond such as modification of Phonetic resin and a new water-soluble resin. It is intended to help readers to gain a more comprehensive view on resin bond used for abrasive products and to be instrumental for research and development in producing abrasive products.
Influence of Soluble Filler on the Mechanical Properties of Porous Self-Generation Superabrasive Tool
Authors: Lv Bing Hai , Wang Cheng Wu , Wang Chen Sheng , Wu Zhe , Yuan Ju Long
Published: April 2012

The soluble filler in the newly developed metal bonded superabrasive tool named porous self-generation superabrasive tool (PSST) plays the most important role. To investigate the influence of filler material and its content on the mechanical properties, Zn, CaO, SiO2are employed as the soluble filler.Shear experiments and lapping experiments are carried out. It is found that the shear force of PSST with Zn is the highest, and declines little from 3.2 kN to 2.9kN with increase of filler content from 10wt% to 30wt%. On the contrary, the shear force of PSSTs with CaO and SiO2decline obviously from 2.1kN to 1.2kN, and 1.7kN to 0.6kN respectively. The wear rate of PSST depends on not only its own mechanical strength but also the dissolution rate of the filler. It comes out that the wear rate of PSST with Zn is similar to that of PSST with SiO2, ranges from 0.04mm/h to 0.13mm/h. The wear rate of PSST with CaO is much lower, ranges from 0.02 mm/h to 0.08 mm/h.
Research on Soil Vibratory Cutting with ALE Finite Element Simulation Method
Authors: Jiang Jian Dong , Gao Jie , Hoogmoed Willem B.
Published: April 2012

In order to study on soil vibratory cutting resistance reduction, the soil static cutting mechanics model and large deformation cutting of yield failure mode are studied in this paper. According to the interaction process of deep shovel-soil, the static cutting resistance changes of deep shovel was analyzed by finite simulation algorithm of ALE and soil-tools interaction 3D finite element model, and further the influences of the soil-cutting resistance to the vibration source type, the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude were studied. As an example of a compaction soil in tea garden, the law of soil resistance reduction influenced by vibration type and tool cutting-speed with difference vibratory cutting conditions was studied, the results show that the soil resistance reduced with the vibration frequency and amplitude increased, and vibration frequency, amplitude were taken to 25Hz, 14mm, soil cutting was up to minimum resistance, reduced about 22%. So, above-mentioned studies provided the basis of soil cutting resistance reduction with vibration.
Tool Breakage Feature Extraction in PCB Micro-Hole Drilling Using Vibration Signals
Authors: Ren Zhen Hua , Zheng Xiao Hu , An Qing Long , Wang Cheng Yong , Chen Ming
Published: April 2012

Tool breakage monitoring is crucial to automation fabrication, especially for high-density hole machining, such as PCB (Printed Circuit Board). A tool breakage feature extraction method in PCB micro-hole drilling is presented in this paper. The vibration signal is analyzed by wavelet transform. The decomposed signals energy ratio at each frequency band is computed as monitoring features. The monitoring performance of different features selection is given. The vibration signals are observed to provide the capability in distinguishing micro drill breakage with proper features extraction and classifier design.
Study of Magnetorheological Brush Finishing (MRBF) for Concave Surface of Conformal Optics
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhi Jing Feng , Yu Yue Wang , Zhu Xu Xing , Zuo Wei
Published: April 2012

Stainless steel; Aspheric mould; Ultra-precision turning; Magnetorheological polishing The ultra precision turning and the inclined-axis type of magnetorheological polishing were introduced for the small aspheric mould of stainless steel. The method was based on the principle of two kinds of processing methods, and the processing feature of stainless steel material. Firstly, the ultra-precision turning was employed to shape aspheric surface rapidly and obtain a relatively good surface. And then, the inclined-axis type of magnetorheological polishing as the final finishing was used to decrease sub-surface damage to obtain better precision. Several of experiments were carried out, the experimental results show that surface roughness can be achieved for Ra 0.0073μm.
A Study of the Solid-State Reaction for Polishing Sapphires
Authors: Deng Qian Fa , Zhou Zhi Xiong , Zhou Zhao Zhong , Yuan Ju Long , Wang Ji Cui
Published: April 2012

As sapphire is an important substrate material, stringent surface quality requirements (i.e., surface finish and flatness) are required. In order to acquire the higher material removal rate and the better surface quality of sapphire, the solid state-reaction were introduced in this paper; abrasive of SiO2 and SiO2 with mixing the MgF2 power were compared to polish sapphire. The result showed that abrasive of SiO2 with mixing the MgF2 can obtain higher material removal rate and better surface quality. The result of the pr
Analysis on Kinematic Characteristics of Precision Balls Grinding
Authors: Dai Yong , Ding Dong Hui , Xiao Xu , Liu Xue Shi , He Rui Jiang , Li Liang
Published: April 2012

In the process of grinding precision balls, the motion state of balls has an important influence on the efficiency and quality. However, the normal movement of balls will be damaged because of slipping, so it must be avoided. Besides, to process different materials of balls, it should use different processing parameters. This paper studies a numerical analysis on the kinematic characteristics of the motion of balls, analyzes processing parameters which impact the motion of balls during grinding and the difference of the motion state of bearing balls and resin balls. Study shows grinding pressure and plate speed have a great influence to the motion of balls during grinding.
Experimental Research on Microburrs of High Speed Drilling of PCB Using Microdrill
Authors: Zheng Xiao Hu , Liu Zhi Qiang , Wang Cheng Yong , An Qing Long , Chen Ming
Published: April 2012

Microburrs have great influence on printed circuit board’s quality. PCB is composed of glass fiber plastic reinforcement material and copper foil. The PCB microburrs are generated in copper foil drilling process. These burrs are generated by copper extrusion and accumulation around the micro-hole. Enter burr and exit burr is quite different. Enter burrs are lower than exit burrs. The burr formation experienced three stages: First, Copper foil extrudes with the feed of microdrill; Second, Most of the Materials are cut off by drill tip and the rest of material; At last, rollover burrs appear when drill enters or exits uncut chip rolls.
Size Effects on Transferability and Mold Change of Glass Molding Press for Microgrooves
Authors: Zhou Tian Feng , Yan Ji Wang , Kuriyagawa Tunemoto
Published: April 2012

Glass molding press (GMP) was applied to the fabrication of 3 kinds of microgrooves with different pitches on the glass surface. The size effects of microgroove fabrication on the Nickel Phosphorous (Ni-P) plating layer by diamond cutting were experimentally tested, and then, the size effects of microgroove fabrication by GMP using the Ni-P mold were experimentally tested. Finally, the changes of the Ni-P mold after GMP by 100 shots were compared with the microgroove mold before GMP, and the size effects of the mold change were discussed. By the comparison research of microgroove fabrication with different pitches, it suggests a way to create microgrooves with even smaller size.
Development of Novel Groove Patterns for CMP Pad
Authors: Yamazaki Tsutomu , Doi Toshiro K. , Kurokawa Syuhei , Ohnishi Osamu , Uneda Michio , Seshimo Kiyoshi , Aida Hideo
Published: April 2012

This study aims to develop the CMP pads that have new groove pattern as control the slurry flow. We have been proposed two type groove patterns as inflow type and outflow type. Here, it is well known that the slurry flow is remarkably important as both to use the slurry effectively and to reduction the slurry quantity consumed of CeO2 abrasive that is one of rare metals. This paper describes the effect of groove pattern on the slurry flow from the observation image with high-speed camera. In particular, the slurry flow is quantitatively visualized by digital image processing. As a result, the several advantages of both proposed inflow type and outflow type show from a view point of slurry flow compared to the conventional XY-groove pad and No-groove pad.
Nanoparticulate-Reinforced Ti-Base Composites Prepared by Laser Cladding
Authors: Wang Wei Fu
Published: April 2012

With preplaced Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V + BN powder mixtures, the Ti-base composite coatings with in-suit synthesis nano particulates were obtained by laser cladding on titanium alloy substrate. The microstructures, fracture morphology, phase composition and mechanical property were studied by SEM, XRD and micro-hardness tests. The results show that, there are two kinds of typical nano particulates in the composites, i.e. the TiB with a diameter of ~400nm and the Ti2N with a diameter of ~10 nm. Both the TiB and Ti2N reinforced particulates are uniformly distributed in the composites. As a result, the average hardness of the composites were ~360HV0.05 which is about 20% higher than the substrate. In the composites, the distribution of Ti2N particulates shows a peculiar characteristic of dendrite-like morphologies. The analysis shows that the Ti2N precipitates out from the solid state α-Ti(N) is the reason why Ti2N is only of a diameter of ~10nm and distributes in a certain way of dendrite-like morphologies.
Numerical Simulation on Vibration-Assisted Ultra-Precision Cutting of Steel AISI 1045 with PCD Tool
Authors: Al-Zahrani Ahmed , Xie Xiao Dan , Li Yong
Published: April 2012

Vibration-assisted cutting (VAC) with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tool refers to the cutting with certain amplitude and high frequency tool vibration, which can definitely reduce the cutting force and tool wear compared with conventional cutting (CC). In this paper, a plane strain orthogonal model for PCD tool cutting steel AISI 1045 is established by using the finite element software ABAQUS/explicit. Then the cutting force of VAC compared with CC is explained. The value and distribution of cutting force at different depths of cutting is analyzed. It is also studied the effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on cutting force and thrust force during the ultra-precision cutting process. Afterwards, optimum selection of process parameters is presented for VAC processing of steel AISI 1045.
Research on Processing Mechanism of Multi-Cell-Disc
Authors: Li Liang , Dai Yong , He Rui Jiang , Ding Dong Hui
Published: April 2012

this paper relates to the following studies: The model of cutting depth distribution of grains of Multi-cell-disc was analyzed and established. The shape of the abrasive grit has been discussed and the abrasive grit shape model of unit-bold was simplified. The superficial characters of elastic elements were tested by Nano-indentation tests and the loading-displacement character of superficial abrasive particles during loading was gotten. By using probability and statistics, the model of cutting depth distribution of grains was obtained.
Research and Simulation of the Temperature on Multi-Squeeze Casting
Authors: Xu Hong Ping , Li Liang Yi
Published: April 2012

To study the temperature characteristics of multi-squeeze casting, a prototype model was developed in PROCAST by the help of PRO/E, a seamless interface program between the former two pieces of software. And then numerical simulations were carried out. The results of the simulations are consistent to the reality states that the model was created correctly and the simulations were reliable.
Influence of Low-Temperature Freezing Treatment on Micro-Area Hardness and Residual Stress of SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Yu X.L. , Huang S.T. , Zhao W.Z. , Zhou L.
Published: April 2012

In order to study the effect of freezing treatment on the mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites, SiCp/Al composites were froze by liquid nitrogen for different time. The micro-area hardness, two-phase residual stress and interface combination status of were analyzed with micro hardness tester, x-ray diffractometer and SEM before and after freezing treatment. The results show that the hardness of Al matrix after freezing is higher than that of before freezing, while the hardness of SiC particles does not show much change. Low-temperature freezing makes the residual compressive stress of matrix phase and the residual tensile stress of reinforcing phase reduce. With the increasing of freezing time, the difference value between the measured residual stress and the primary residual stress of Al matrix and SiC particles both turn out to be greater. Freezing can not destroy the interface combination status between the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase.
Numerical Simulation for Cold Extrusion of Bevel Gear
Authors: Yang Qing Hua , Pan Jun , Zhang Jun Xiong , Chen Wen Biao , Meng Bin
Published: April 2012

A three-layers assembled cavity die and its technological measures were designed for cold extrusion forming for the bevel gear. Numerical simulation of the cold extrusion forming process was applied using Deform-3D software, load curve, velocity field, stress field and temperature field were analyzed, thus obtain the basic knowledge of the law of the bevel gear deformation. Subsequent targets for optimization were introduced, aiming to solve the remaining problems of the current cold extrusion forming. The accomplished work shows some significance in guiding how to design a die and its technological measures.
Development of Electric Rust Preventive Machining Method - Correspond to Difference of Water in World: Use of Deionized Refined Water
Authors: Nishikawa Naohiro , Sato Y. , Kudo K. , Murase T. , Sawa T. , Kato H. , Yoshihara N. , Okawai H. , Karita K. , Iyama T. , Mizuno M. , Tsukamoto S.
Published: April 2012

Grinding fluid & cutting oil are contained various chemicals. Waste fluid treatment causes huge disposal cost and heavy environmental load. This investigation proposes the electric rust preventive machining method system that water is used as machining fluid. However, there are various problems for this practical use. In this paper, using and re-using of machining water are considered. Water quality is different in various foreign regions for containing impurity ingredient varying with each area. Correspond to water difference, water purification and deionization is examined in developed machining water refine recycle system experimentally. Synthesized water that is likened to hard water is composed from refined water (pure water which is made by water recycle system). And, it is confirmed that synthesized water is refined to deionize by water recycle system. Moreover, 12.25L/min refined water is achieved. In addition, it is indicated that electric rust prevention is possible by refined water at least 1hour. However, high voltage and device twist is necessary.
Research on High Performance Vitrified Bond Diamond Wheel
Authors: Liu Yi Bo , Liu Wei , Huang Xia , Zhang Hai Peng
Published: April 2012

Two kinds of vitrified bonds, bond L (low temperature bond) and bond G (high strength bond), were blended by ball-milling in producing diamond wheels. Proper Sintering techniques were employed by analyzing properties of the wheel through DSC testing and fracture strength. The wheels were applied in machining PDC in comparison with similar product on market. It showed that the blended bond reached its highest fracture strength when bond L amount was about 20wt~24wt%; combination of this two kinds of vitrified bonds would improve the wheel’s comprehensive properties by raising its fracture strength to 89MPa when bond L takes up 22wt%; service life of wheels prepared by this blended bond was 30~50% longer than similar market product and efficiency improved by more than 20%.
A Mechanistic Model for High Speed Turning of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Fernández-Abia A.I. , Barreiro J. , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto , Urbikain Pelayo Gorka
Published: April 2012

Behavior of austenitic stainless steels is not well known and these materials are still considered as difficult to machining materials. Moreover, the continuous increment of cutting speeds and other cutting parameters derived from last technological advances in tool material makes it more difficult to understand the behavior of these materials in high performance machining. A mechanistic model is presented in this paper for cutting force prediction of austenitic stainless steels turned at very high cutting speeds (up to 750 m/min). The developed model allows the estimation of cutting forces in turning when the cutting action occurs on the side cutting edge and nose radius edge for general turning tools. A tool-part geometrical model is proposed and the cutting force coefficients have been calculated by means of characterization tests.
Feasibility Evaluation of Photogrammetry versus Coordinate Measuring Arms for the Assembly of Welded Structures
Authors: Cuesta E. , Álvarez B.J. , Sánchez-Lasheras F. , Fernández R.I. , Gonzalez-Madruga D.
Published: April 2012

The present paper studies the technical feasibility of Photogrammetry and Coordinate Measuring Arms (AACMM or CMA) for the geometrical inspection of welded pins used for the assembly of medium-sized sheetmetal structures. As a result of this evaluation it was found that the deviations (measurement recorded by the device minus the nominal value of the measurement) obtained by means of Photogrammetry and the CMA were equivalent. Moreover, the number of measurements found to be out of tolerance by both methods was statistically equivalent. According to our results both methods are feasible for performing the dimensional inspection of the position of the welded cylinders of the structure as they are able to distinguish measurements inside and outside of tolerance and are equally capable of detecting the data variance.
Mechanistic Model for High Speed Turning of Austempered Ductile Irons
Authors: Fernández A. , Urbikain Pelayo Gorka , Rodríguez A. , Calleja A. , López de Lacalle L.N.
Published: April 2012

This work proposes a mechanistic model to predict the cutting forces during machining of low machinability materials such as austempered ductile irons (ADI). For these cases, commonly used models are not accurate due to high rates of wear and a new coefficient is necessary to correctly estimate the cutting forces against time. As well, ceramic inserts are applied for the first time in dry turning of ADI.
Reliability of Monitoring Signals for Estimation of Surface Roughness in Metallic Turned Parts
Authors: Morala-Argüello P. , Barreiro J. , Alegre E. , García-Ordás M. , García-Olalla O. , González-Madruga D.
Published: April 2012

Current trends in machining processes are focused in three goals: to increase the productivity and the reliability and to minimize costs. In this context, the development of signal monitoring systems is of vital importance for surface roughness inspection. One of the research lines associated to this context is oriented to predict surface roughness using indirect signal analysis, such as cutting forces or vibrations in the machining process. This paper analyzes the results obtained when comparing different nature signals combined with cutting parameters. The final goal is to quantify the deviations obtained with different monitoring signals for establishing the best ones to use as roughness evaluators. The best predictions were obtained when force and cutting conditions were combined together. The absolute error values remains always below 1.28 and 1.11 µm when using the median and root mean square (RMS) as descriptors, respectively.