bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On point‐halfspace graphs
Authors: Scheinerman Edward R. , Trenk Ann N. , Ullman Daniel
Published: June 2007

The following definition is motivated by the study of circle orders and their connections to graphs. A graphs G is called a point‐halfspace graph (in Rk) provided one can assign to each vertex v ϵ (G) a point pv Rk and to each edge e ϵ E(G) a closed halfspace He ϵ Rk so that v is incident with e if and only if pv ϵ He. Let Hk denote the set of point‐halfspace graphs (in Rk).

We give complete forbidden subgraph and structural characterizations of the classes Hk for every k. Surprisingly, these classes are closed under taking minors and we give forbidden minor characterizations as well. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On Diagonally 10‐Coloring Plane Triangulations
Authors: Sanders Daniel P. , Zhao Yue
Published: June 2007

This article shows that the vertices of a plane triangulation may be colored with 10 colors such that every pair of vertices has different colors if they are either adjacent or diagonal, that is, that they are not adjacent but are adjacent to two faces which share an edge. This improves a result of Borodin, who showed that 11 colors were sufficient. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A charcterization of 4‐edge‐connected eulerian graphs
Authors: Weidl Peter
Published: June 2007

Let v be an arbitrary vertex of a 4‐edge‐connected Eulerian graph G. First we show the existence of a nonseparating cycle decompositiion of G with respect to v. With the help of this decomposition we are then able to construct 4 edge‐independent spanning trees with the common root v in the sam graph. We conclude that an Eulerian graph G is 4‐edge‐connected iff for every vertex r ϵ V (G) there exist 4 edge‐independent spanning trees with a common root r. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On some properties of 4‐regular plane graphs
Authors: Horňá Mirko , Jendroľ Stanislav
Published: June 2007

The d‐distance face chromatic number of a connected plane graph is the minimum number of colors in such a coloring of its faces that whenever two distinct faces are at the distance at most d, they receive distinct colors. We estimate 1‐distance chromatic number for connected 4‐regular plane graphs. We show that 0‐distance face chromatic number of any connected multi‐3‐gonal 4‐regular plane graphs is 4. © 1995, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the harmonious coloring of collections of graphs
Authors: Georges John P.
Published: June 2007

The hermonious coloring number of the graph G, HC(G), is the smallest number of colors needed to label the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices received different colors and no two edges are incident with the same color pair. In this paper, we investigate the HC‐number of collections of disjoint paths, cycles, complete graphs, and complete bipartite graphs. We determine exact expressions for the HC‐number of collections of paths and 4m‐cycles. © 1995, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digraphs with the path‐merging property
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen
Published: June 2007

In this paper we study those digraphs D for which every pair of internally disjoint (X, Y)‐paths P1, P2 can be merged into one (X, Y)‐path P* such that V(P1) ∪ V(P2), for every choice of vertices X, Y ϵ V(D). We call this property the path‐merging property and we call a graph path‐mergeable if it has the path‐merging property. We show that each such digraph has a directed hamiltonian cycle whenever it can possibly have one, i.e., it is strong and the underlying graph has no cutvertex. We show that path‐mergeable digraphs can be recognized in polynomial time and we give examples of large classes of such digraphs which are not contained in any previously studied class of digraphs. We also discuss which undirected graphs have path‐mergeable digraph orientations. © 1995, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fragments in kcritical n‐connected graphs
Authors: Jianji Su
Published: June 2007

Madar conjectured that every k‐critical n‐connected non‐complete graph G has (2k + 2) pairwise disjoint fragments. We show that Mader's conjecture holds if the order of G is greater than (k + 2)n. From this, it implies that two other conjectures on k‐critical n‐connected graphs posed by Entringer, Slater, and Mader also hold if the cardinality of the graphs is large. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computing the orientable genus of projective graphs
Authors: Fiedler J. R. , Huneke J. P. , Richter R. B. , Robertson N.
Published: June 2007

The orientable genus is determined for any graph that embeds into the projective plane, Σ, to be essentially half of the representativity of any embedding into Σ. In addition, a structure is given for any 3‐connected projective planar graph as the union of a spanning planar graph and a variation of a Möbius Ladder. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On Tutt's Characterization of graphic matroids—a graphic proof
Authors: Gerards A. M. H.
Published: June 2007

In this paper we present a relatively simple proof of Tutt's characterization of graphic matroids. The proof uses the notion of ‘signed graph’ and it is ‘graphic’ in the sense that it can be presented almost entirely by drawing (signed) graphs. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lexicographic orientation and representation algorithms for comparability graphs, proper circular arc graphs, and proper interval graphs
Authors: Hell Pavon , Huang Jing
Published: June 2007

We introduce a simple new technique which allows us to solve several problems that can be formulated as seeking a suitable orientation of a given undirected graph. In particular, we use this technique to recognize and transitively orient comparability graphs, to recognize and represent proper circular arc graphs, and to recognize and represent proper interval graphs. As a consequence, we derive and represent proper interval graphs. As a consequence, we derive simple new proofs of a theorem of Ghouila‐Houri and a theorem of Skrien. Our algorithms are conceptually simpler than (and often of comparable efficiency to) the existing algorithms for these problems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The fractional chromatic number of infinite graphs
Authors: Leader Imre
Published: June 2007

The fractional chromatic number of a graph G is the infimum of the total weight that can be assigned to the independent sets of G in such a way that, for each vertex v of G, the sum of the weights of the independent sets containing v is at least 1.

In this note we give a graph a graph whose fractional chromatic number is strictly greater than the supremum of the fractional chromatic numbers of its finite subgraphs. This answers a question of Zhu. We also give some grphs for which the fractional chromatic number is not attined, answering another of Zhu. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Degree Sums and Covering Cycles
Authors: Enomoto Hikoe , Kaneko Atsushi , Kouider Mekkia , Tuza Zsolt
Published: June 2007

It is shown that if in a simple graph G of order n the sum of degrees of any three pairwise non‐adjacent vertices is at least n, then there are two cycles (or one cycle and an edge or a vertex) of GF that contain all the vertices. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On homomorphisms to acyclic local tournaments
Authors: Hell Pavol , Zhou Huishan , Zhu Xuding
Published: June 2007

A homomorphism of a digraph to another digraph is an edgepreserving vertex mapping. A local tournament is a digraph in which the inset as well as the outset of each vertex induces a tournament. Thus acyclic local tournaments generalize both directed paths and transitive tournaments. In both these cases there is a simple characterization of homomorphic preimages. Namely, if H is a directed path, or a transitive tournament, then G admits a homomorphism to H if and only if each oriented path which admits a homomorphism to G also admits a homomorphism to H. We prove that this result holds for all acyclic local tournaments. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hamilton decompositions of some line graphs
Authors: Pike David A.
Published: June 2007

The main result of this paper completely settles Bermond's conjecture for bipartite graphs of odd degree by proving that if G is a bipartite (2k + 1)‐regular graph that is Hamilton decomposable, then the line graph, L(G), of G is also Hamilton decomposable. A similar result is obtained for 5‐regular graphs, thus providing further evidence to support Bermond's conjecture. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Structure analysis of triterpene saponins in Polygala tenuifolia by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jiangyun , Yang Xuedong , He Jiuming , Xia Min , Xu Lizhen , Yang Shilin
Published: June 2007

Eighteen different triterpene saponins isolated from Polygala tenuifolia were investigated by electrospray ionization ion trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (ESI‐ITMSn) in positive and negative ion modes. MS1‐MS3/MS4 spectra of the both modes were analyzed, and they all gave fragments in line and shared common fragmentation patterns. Key fragments from MSn spectra of both the modes and their proposed fragmentation pathways were constructed with examples illustrated for the formation of characteristic fragments in the saponins. Two special fragmentation patterns were proposed: (1) the formation of fragments by cleavage of CH2O from Δ12‐14α‐CH2OH of the oleanene‐type saponin aglycone in both positive and negative MSn (n ≥ 2) modes; (2) the occurrence of fragments by cleavage of CO2 and 3‐glucose as the characteristic structure feature of 23‐COOH at the oleanene‐type saponin aglycones coupled with 3‐Glc substitutes in the negative MSn (n ≥ 2) modes. Peak intensities in MSn spectra were also correlated with structural features and fragmentation preferences of the investigated saponins, which are discussed in detail. In general, fragments formed predominantly by cleavages of glycosidic bonds in the positive mode, while selective cleavages of acyl bonds preceded that of glycosidic bonds in negative MSn (n ≥ 2) mode, both of which could well be applied to the structural analysis of these saponins. Interpretation of MSn spectra presented here provided diagnostic key fragment ions important for the structural elucidation of saponins in P.tenuifolia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of sleep disturbances in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease. A study using Parkinson's disease sleep scale
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Okuma Yasuyuki , Hattori Nobutaka , Kamei Satoshi , Yoshii Fumihito , Utsumi Hiroya , Iwasaki Yasuo , Iijima Mutsumi , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Miyamoto Masayuki , Hirata Koichi
Published: June 2007

The present multicenter cross‐sectional study was performed using semistructured questionnaires to determine the contributing factors of sleep disturbances in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We used the Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS, Japanese version). All data were obtained by means of interviewed questionnaire and physical examination by neurologists. The study was carried out between April 2005 and December 2005 at eight university hospitals and affiliated facilities in the Kanto area of Japan. A total of 188 (85 men and 103 women) PD patients and 144 controls (64 men and 80 women) were included. Stepwise regression analysis identified complications of treatment, depression, age, and disease duration as significant risk factors of sleep disturbances in PD. Significant differences in total PDSS score were observed between Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) Stages 1 and 4, between H&Y Stages 2 and 4, and between H&Y stages 3 and 4 (Bonferroni test). The results of this survey suggested that complications due to treatment (dyskinesia, wearing off, on–off), depressive state, and disease stage are significant determinants of sleep disorders in Japanese patients with PD. We speculate that the reduction of neurotransmitters involved in the sleep–wakefulness mechanism and degeneration of neurons progress together in parallel with deterioration of motor function. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
An open trial of levetiracetam for segmental and generalized dystonia
Authors: Hering Sascha , Wenning Gregor K. , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner , Mueller Joerg
Published: June 2007

Local botulinum toxin injections represent the treatment of choice for most patients with focal dystonia. However, patients with segmental or generalized forms require additional pharmacologic treatment which is often ineffective or limited by intolerable side‐effects. An animal study and three case reports suggested antidystonic effects of levetiracetam, a pyrrolidone derivate, whereas a recent open‐label study found no improvement in 10 patients with primary idiopathic cervical dystonia. We studied the efficacy of levetiracetam in a daily dose of 3000 mg in 10 consecutive patients with otherwise therapy refractory segmental or generalized dystonia. At 4‐week follow‐up, none of the patients showed improvement of dystonia, mild side‐effects were observed in 3 patients. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Idaho sets its house in order
Authors: Lewis Howard T.
Published: June 2007

New York tried to departmentalize its state administration in 1915, Illinois did it in 1917 with strking success, Delaware is headed in that direction and Idaho has just done it.
The delaware survey
Authors: Maxey Chester C.
Published: June 2007

The most comprehensive piece of self‐appraisement undertaken during the war is the combination survey of the state government, the three counties and the principal municipal government of Delaware recently conducted by the Delaware State Council of Defense, in preparation for reconstruction.
The fate of the five‐cent fare service‐at‐cost in boston
Authors: Zukerman T. David
Published: June 2007

As a side‐light on the New York City traction problem, the Bureau of Municipal Research carefully reviewed and here presents the Boston experience with public operation combined with private ownership.
Expert comment on the good national budget bill
Authors: Miles R. E.
Published: June 2007

In our July issue we published Representative Good's budget bill with an explanation by W. F. Willoughby of the Bureau of Government Research. Following are comments thereon by technical authorities.
The ST. Louis Recall Effort And Its Aftermath
Authors: Budenz Louis F.
Published: June 2007

St. Louis has just gone through a valuable municipal experience in the effort to recall Mayor Henry W. Kiel for his mill tax‐franchise deal with the United railways company. It furnishes an interesting sequel to the developments in the street railway situation outlined by the same author in the “National Municipal Review” for November, 1918.
Philadelphia stirreth
Authors: Gruenberg Frederick P.
Published: June 2007

In June, Philadelphia friends of good government, by a prodigious effort, wrested from the legislature important simplification of local politics, notably the abolition of the two‐house council of 145, and the substitution of a single‐house council of 21.
The present status of the executive budget in the state governments
Authors: Buck A. E.
Published: June 2007

Many persons will be agreeably surprised to learn that the legislation stage of the budget movement in state governments is near completion, so widely has the principle now been written into law. There remains the necessity of making public officers conform to its spirit.
Transfusional iron burden and liver toxicity after bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia and hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Jastaniah Wasil , Harmatz Paul , Pakbaz Zahra , Fischer Roland , Vichinsky Elliott , Walters Mark C.
Published: June 2007

Background

While it is appropriate to treat transfusional iron overload to limit end‐organ injury after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for β‐thalassemia major (TM), this approach after BMT for sickle cell disease (SCD) and hematological malignancies has not been studied.

Procedure

Fifteen children with SCD (n = 4), TM (n = 6), or acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, n = 5) underwent HLA‐identical sibling BMT between 2000 and 2003. Prospective evaluations of iron biomarkers were performed and the three groups were compared.

Results

The pre‐BMT duration and volume of RBC transfusions varied among the three groups, but baseline ferritin and liver iron concentration (LIC) were similar. In contrast, liver histology differed. Liver inflammation was present in four TM patients and portal fibrosis was observed in five TM and one SCD patient. Hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) developed in 5 of 15 patients. VOD was not associated with age, ferritin, ALT, or transfusions, but an association with liver inflammation and elevated LIC was suggested. Phlebotomy was performed in five patients after BMT. Changes in LIC were minimal in non‐phlebotomized patients (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Iron biomarkers demonstrated significant iron overload before BMT in patients with malignant and non‐malignant disorders. However, iron overload was associated with liver inflammation and VOD primarily in TM patients. The clinical significance of iron overload in patients after BMT remains uncertain, but this is the first study to suggest that VOD may be associated with transfusional iron burden. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:319–324. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal serum free ß‐hCG and PAPP‐A in patients with habitual abortion‐influence on first‐trimester screening for chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Heinig J. , Steinhard J. , Schmitz R. , Nofer J.‐R. , Kiesel L. , Klockenbusch W.
Published: June 2007

Objective

To explore if maternal serum free ß‐hCG and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) levels in the first‐trimester of pregnancy are altered in patients with habitual abortions and if there is an effect on first‐trimester screening for Down syndrome.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 913 normal singleton fetuses that underwent first‐trimester combined screening for Down syndrome. Maternal serum PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG were compared between patients with (n = 64) and without habitual abortions (n = 849).

Results

The medians ± SD log10 MoM of PAPP‐A and free β‐hCG ± SD in patients with and without habitual abortions were 0.063 ± 0.28 versus − 0.014 ± 0.27 and − 0.001 ± 0.27 versus − 0.018 ± 0.31, with a p value of 0.042 and 0.87, respectively. The screen positive rate setting the cut off at 1:350 looking at the background risk for trisomy 21 was 71.4% in women with and 81.2% in women without habitual abortion, after combined first‐trimester screening it was 7.8% in women with and 10.1% in women without recurrent abortion.

Conclusions

Patients with habitual abortions have slightly increased maternal serum PAPP‐A levels in the first‐trimester. This marginal difference seems not to effect risk calculation in combined first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental mosaic trisomy 21 detected following maternal cell contamination of an amniotic fluid specimen from a normal male pregnancy
Authors: Street Melissa L. , Barber John C. K. , Boyle Tracy A. , Ellis Katrina H. , Bullman Hilary , Homfray Tessa
Published: June 2007

We report a case of maternal mosaic trisomy 21 ascertained at prenatal diagnosis as a result of maternal cell contamination of an amniotic fluid sample. A 34 year old female was referred for karyotyping because of a previous trisomy 21 pregnancy. Chromosome analysis of primary in situ cultures showed a karyotype of 47,XX, + 21[6]/46,XY[32]/46,XX[2]. Molecular testing demonstrated maternal cell contamination of the amniotic fluid sample and G‐banded karyotyping of maternal blood showed that 3/200 cells had trisomy 21, consistent with the mother being a Down syndrome mosaic. A normal male baby with a 46,XY chromosome complement was delivered at 30 weeks. This case emphasises the need for close collaboration between cytogenetic and molecular genetics laboratories in resolving unusual cases of mosaicism. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instructional systems development: An overview for consultant and client
Authors: Tosti Donald T.
Published: June 2007

An overview of instructional systems development is presented, using a format and level of description that have been found useful in:

Conveying some basic concepts of instructional technology to clients, and

Focusing the consultant‐client interaction, both during initial project definition and throughout project implimentation.
Managing the consultant and the client: A two‐handled crosscut saw
Authors: Turner Dorothy Earnest , Connors Maureen R.
Published: June 2007

This article focuses on managing the client and the concultant with a performance appraisal process. The authors use their current practical experiences to consider the management of an effective client‐consultant relationship. Dorothy writes from her perspective as a training director and user consultants and Maureen from her experience as an independent consultant providing management training and consulting services in the Metropolitan Washington area.
Audit of ophthalmological examination in psychiatry
Authors: Kannabiran Muthukumar , Singh Yolisha , Narayan Gopinath
Published: June 2007

Psychiatrists revealed in a survey that they feel that ophthalmological examination is important for patient care.Further audit of their practice showed that training improved the percentage of patients given such examinations.The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the training of psychiatrists. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Primary Care Mental Health & Education
Authors: White Corinna , Smith Steve , Wheen Lucy , Maguire Claire , Mullarkey Kevin
Published: June 2007

Improving the management of depression in primary care

With the overarching aim of making the management of depression easier, Lewisham PCT have implemented a multifaceted programme to develop primary health care workers' skills, knowledge and resources so as to improve their service to patients with depression. Now in its second year, the programme has, and still is, constantly evolving. This article outlines the programme's key messages and components during its first year, and briefly refers to its expansion and future aims.

Primary care mental health services for 16‐19 year olds

Studies suggest that many young people who would benefit from accessing mental health services do not do so, as they fall into the gap between child and adult services. This report outlines the results of a project carried out within Bury Mental Health Services to establish what young people want from primary care mental health services and whether current service provision meets their needs. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Degradation of permafrost in the Xing'anling Mountains, northeastern China
Authors: Jin Huijun , Yu Qihao , Lü Lanzhi , Guo Dongxin , He Ruixia , Yu Shaopeng , Sun Guangyou , Li Yingwu
Published: June 2007

Permafrost in the Da and Xiao Xing'anling Mountains in northeastern China is warm, thin and sensitive to climatic warming. In the 1970s, the southern limit of permafrost (SLP) was empirically correlated to the −1 to 0°C isotherms of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in the western part of the Da Xing'anling Mountains, to about 0°C in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, and to 0 to +1°C in the eastern part of the Xiao Xing'anling Mountains. Climate warming and deforestation have led to permafrost degradation as shown by deepening of the active layer, thinning permafrost, rising ground temperatures, expanding taliks and the disappearance of permafrost patches. The present position of the SLP was estimated using the −1.0 to +1.0°C MAAT isotherms for 1991–2000. Compared to the SLP in the 1970s, areas of sporadic discontinuous and isolated patchy permafrost have decreased by 90,000–100,000 km2, or 35–37% of their total areal extent (260,000–270,000 km2) in the 1970s. Recent field observations along the Hei'he to Bei'an Highway, the proposed Mo'he to Daqing Crude Oil Pipeline route and the Hai'lar to Daqing Highway confirm these changes. Continuing northward shifting of the SLP is likely to occur during the next 40–50 years under a warming of 1.0–1.5 °C, reducing the permafrost areal extent to an estimated 35% of that in the 1970s and 1980s. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nobel trail of Vincent du Vigneaud
Authors: Ragnarsson ULF
Published: June 2007

The Nobel Prize for chemistry of 1955 was awarded to Vincent du Vigneaud. After a brief outline of his career and accomplishments, some archive material related to this decision of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is presented. Other archive studies have shown that du Vigneaud was also considered for the corresponding prize in physiology or medicine. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimer formation by FKBP‐12: roles for cysteine 23 and phenylalanine 36
Authors: Schories Barbara , Nelson Thomas E. , Sane David C.
Published: June 2007

FKBP‐12 mediates the immunosuppressive actions of FK506 and rapamycin, and modulates the activities of the ryanodine, IP3 and type 1 TGF‐ß receptors. Additionally, FKBP‐12 possesses cis‐trans peptidylprolyl isomerase (rotamase) activity. We have discovered that recombinant FKBP‐12 readily forms a dimer and a small amount of trimer under nonreducing conditions. A mutant with substitution at the sole cysteine residue of FKBP‐12 (C23S) did not form dimers or trimers. Using mutants with 5% or less rotamase activity, the formation of dimers was independent of enzymatic activity. The formation of trimers was abrogated by a F36Y substitution, even though dimer formation was preserved. Dimers were also observed with native FKBP‐12 that was detached from rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors using FK590. The multimers of FKBP‐12 could interact with molecular targets distinctly from the FKBP‐12 monomer, for example, by facilitating the assembly of multimeric receptors or coordinating the activity of receptor subunits. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic telesurgery: a real‐world comparison of ground‐ and satellite‐based internet performance
Authors: Rayman R. , Croome K. , Galbraith N. , McClure R. , Morady R. , Peterson S. , Smith S. , Subotic V. , Van Wynsberghe A. , Patel R. , Primak S.
Published: June 2007

Background

Telesurgery was performed with ground vs. satellite networks, and differing satellite bandwidths.

Methods

The networks were compared during internal mammary artery (LIMA) dissection in pigs (n= 8). Length of LIMA dissected and surgical quality (five‐point scale) were recorded. Also, satellite bandwidth was decreased (n= 7) to determine a limit for telesurgery.

Results

No significant differences existed in LIMA dissection during the ground (4.3 ± 0.5 cm) and satellite phases (5.4 ± 1.1 cm;p> 0.05) or in quality of surgery, although latency on satellite was 10 times greater (55 vs. 600 ms). With decreasing satellite bandwidth, surgery was not possible below 3 Mb/s, and quality of surgery was significantly decreased comparing 9 Mb/s (4.38 ± 0.66/5) to 3Mb/s (4.10 ± 0.80/5;p< 0.05).

Conclusions

Satellite communication is a viable telesurgical modality. Satellite bandwidth should be above 5 Mb/s during telesurgery if used primarily or as back‐up. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An almost‐bijective proof of an asymptotic property of partitions
Authors: Jaggard Aaron D.
Published: June 2007

Let 𝒫n be the set of all distinct ordered pairs (λ,λi), where λ is a partition of n and λi is a part size of λ. The primary result of this note is a combinatorial proof that the probability that, for a pair (λ,λi) chosen uniformly at random from 𝒫n, the multiplicity of λi in λ is 1 tends to 1/2 as n →∞. This is inspired by work of Corteel, Pittel, Savage, and Wilf (Random Structures and Algorithms 14 (1999), 185–197). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2007
Perturbation Solutions for the Particle Trajectories of a Gas‐Solid Mixture Entering a Curved Duct
Authors: Yeung Woon‐Shing
Published: June 2007

A matched asymptotic expansion solution was found for the particle trajectories in a curved duct when the non‐dimensional momentum equilibration length L̃m is small. The motion of the carrier fluid was assumed to be uniform. The approximate solution was compared with the exact numerical solution and good agreements were found.
On a System of Diffusion‐Reaction Equations
Authors: Gajewski H. , Zacharias K.
Published: June 2007

A system of diffusion‐reaction equations modelling polymerization is considered. Especially the large time behaviour is studied. It can be shown that the system has a well‐defined asymptotic state which can be described by explicit formulae. These formulae allow the identification of the essential parameters — diffusion coefficient and reaction constant — from appropriate experimental data.
Torsion of a Transversely Isotropic Cylinder in the Theory of Creep
Authors: Gupta S. K. , Rana V. D.
Published: June 2007

Transitional stresses for a transversely isotropic circular cylinder subjected to torsion have been derived. It has been shown that the asymptotic solution through the stress and stress‐difference gives the plastic and creep stresses respectively. The effect of transverse isotropy is presented graphically. The results indicate that the value of maximum shear stress for a cylinder of transversely isotropic material is greater than that of an isotropic incompressible material and it increases with the increase in measure ‘n’. For an isotropic incompressible material, as a particular case, the results are the same as given by Marin.
The Weak Interaction Induced Pressure due to the Stepwise‐Deceleration of a Flat Plate in Hypersonic Flow
Authors: Rodkiewicz Cz M. , Gupta R. N.
Published: June 2007

A semi‐infinite plate is exposed to the stepwise‐decelerated hypersonic flow at zero angle of attack. The boundary layer reconfiguration gives rise to an induced pressure. To obtain this temporal pressure distribution, the transformed momentum and energy equations have been solved using the approach of Ref. [1]. These solutions are used to evaluate the displacement thickness for the unsteady boundary layer. The differentiated displacement thickness is finally used in the induced pressure expression involving the acoustic approximation. The shearing stress and heat transfer at the wall are obtained.
A Comparative Analysis of Some Semi‐Linear Parabolic Systems Modelling the Dynamics of Fast Nuclear Reactors
Authors: De Mottoni P. , Tesei A.
Published: June 2007

Starting from a class of parabolic systems considered in the literature for describing the operation of fast nuclear reactors, two kinds of modified systems are investigated: one accounts for retarded neutrons, the other one involves a small neutron feedback. It is shown that these systems, while equivalent to the original ones for any finite value of the neutron velocity, behave in a substantially different way in the limiting case of diverging neutron velocity. In particular, considering reta ded neutrons or neutron feedback terms avoids the appearance of undamped oscillations, which characterizes the behavior of the original systems in the same limiting case.
Zur projektiven Invarianz von Wackelstrukturen
Authors: Wunderlich W.
Published: June 2007

Die Tatsache, daß die infinitesimale Beweglichkeit von Ausnahmestabwerken oder ‐polyedern gegenüber projektiven Transformationen invariant ist, wird auf einem natürlichen Weg bewiesen, der geeignete Geschwindigkeitsdiagramme benützt. Geschwindigkeitstransformationen, die mit der auf eine Wackelstruktur ausgeübten Affinität oder Kollineation verträglich sind, werden explizit angegeben.
Analytische Berechnung nichtlinearer Eigenschwingungen durch kanonische Transformation
Authors: Schräpel H.‐D.
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue analytische Methode zur angenäherten Berechnung nichtlinearer Eigenschwingungen entwickelt. Zunächst werden die Bewegungsgleichungen durch die bekannte lineare Transformation in den linearen Termen entkoppelt. Die gesuchte kanonische Transformation kann dann bei nicht zu großen nichtlinearen Koppeltermen leicht angenähert berechnet werden. Es genügt die Integration der Koppelenergie nach der Zeit, wobei Für die Lage‐ und Impulskoordinaten gerade die Lösungen des entkoppelten Systems einzusetzen sind. Durch Differenzieren folgen dann die gesuchten Näherungslösungen des gekoppelten Systems. Eine nichtlineare Schwingerkette und das elastische Pendel werden mit dieser Methode untersucht.
Thermoelastic Problem for a Griffith Crack in a Plate whose Shear Modulus is an Exponential Function of the Temperature
Authors: Hata T.
Published: June 2007

In this paper, we examine an analysis of thermal stresses taking into account the temperature‐dependent properties, in which the variation of the shear modulus with temperature assumed to be an exponential function. Using the perturbation method, general equations for the displacements are found. The equations can be solved by using four displacement functions. Following this method, a solution is derived for calculating the stress intensity factor for a Griffith crack in a temperature‐sensitive plate under a linear temperature distribution, where we assume that the temperature field is not disturbed by the crack. (Under these conditions, if a plate is temperature‐insensitive, the stress intensity factor for the crack is zero.) In this case, whether the stress intensity factor is zero or not depends only on the temperature variation of the coefficient of thermal expansion. A numerical example is given for a plate made of steel. Results show the effect of temperature‐dependent properties clearly.
On the Dilatation Theory of Elasticity
Authors: Markov K. Z.
Published: June 2007

In this paper a linear theory for a solid, for which the displacement and dilatation (volume change) fields are independent, is investigated in details. The theory is applied to describe the mechanical behaviour of an elastic solid containing a large number of microvoids and the material constants, entering the theory, are calculated for this case.
Herleitung einer Direktortheorie für Kontinua mit lokalen Krümmungseigenschaften
Authors: Zastrau B. , Rothert H.
Published: June 2007

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die theoretischen Grundlagen für die Berechnung orientierter Werkstoffe im Rahmen einer verallgemeinerten Cosserat theorie bereitgestellt. Mit der Einführung vektorwertiger Direktoren, die auch eine lokale Änderung der Strukturkrümmung erfassen, werden unter Beachtung der Hauptsätze der Thermodynamik die Feldgleichungen für Massenerhalt, Gleichgewicht und Symmetrie des Direktorspannungstensors hergeleitet. Zur Erfassung der erweiterten kinematischen Möglichkeiten des eingeführten Direktormodells wird ein entsprechend verändertes Grundkonzept der Mechanik vorgestellt. Mit den konstitutiven Beziehungen für ein einfachst mögliches Direktorkontinuum gelingt es ohne Einschränkung der Allgemeingültigkeit, die dargelegte Theorie für die Anwendung mit Finiten Elementen aufzubereiten. Auf der Grundlage von numerischen Ergebnissen erfolgt abschließend eine Diskussion der Bedeutung der eingeführten Direktoreigenschaften.
Parameter Identification in Transverse Mixing Models of Rivers – an Inverse Problem for a Parabolic Equation
Authors: Stoyan G. , Baumert H.
Published: June 2007

The basic equation of transverse mixing in rivers and streams is given. A simple analytical solution (Gaussian distribution) is derived, firstly, assuming uniform transverse distributions of longitudinal flow velocity, depth, and transverse mixing coefficient. Using a modified linear regression technique, the cross sectional average of the transverse mixing coefficient is determined. Then, to get an estimate of the cross sectional distribution of the mixing coefficient, a finite difference scheme was applied in order to solve the mixing equation numerically, and the identification of the mixing coefficient was carried out by a nonlinear least squares technique, combining several minimization methods. The numerical methods described were successfully applied to experimental data of the Elbe river and led to certain crossmixing models. In applications, these models may save measurement expense and serve as scientific tools to predict the influence of large waste water treatment plants on water quality in the longitudinal and transversal coordinate of the river.
Verzögerung und virtuelle Masse bei Umströmung eines Hindernisses
Authors: Kühnau R.
Published: June 2007

Bringt man einen Körper in eine ebene Parallelströmung einer inkompressiblen reibungsfreien Flüssigkeit, wird die Strömung gestört, und die Zeit ändert sich, die ein Teilchen auf dem Wege zwischen zwei senkrecht zur ursprünglichen Strömungsrichtung liegenden Geraden benötigt. Es wird hier gezeigt, daß sich diese Zeit in einem gewissen Sinne vergrößert, wobei ein einfacher Zusammenhang mit der virtuellen Masse besteht.
Objective Strain Acceleration Measures in Nonlinear Analysis of Structures
Authors: Stolarski H.
Published: June 2007

A method of derivation of the accelerations of generalized strains for various structures is presented. Contrary to the common approach to the problem, consisting in successive differentiation of the components of appropriate strain tensor, the method utilizes the general formulas, defining objective time derivatives of tensors. In the structural analysis, such a way of derivation of the higher rates of the strain tensor is less involved and permits the rates associated with various objective time derivatives to be systematically obtained.
Substrate spectrum of l‐rhamnulose kinase related to models derived from two ternary complex structures
Authors: Grueninger Dirk , Schulz Georg E.
Published: June 2007

The enzyme l‐rhamnulose kinase from Escherichia coli participates in the degradation pathway of l‐rhamnose, a common natural deoxy‐hexose. The structure of the enzyme in a ternary complex with its substrates ADP and l‐rhamnulose has been determined at 1.55 Å resolution and refined to R
cryst/R
free values of 0.179/0.209. The result was compared with the lower resolution structure of a corresponding complex containing l‐fructose instead of l‐rhamnulose. In light of the two established sugar positions and conformations, a number of rare sugars have been modeled into the active center of l‐rhamnulose kinase and the model structures have been compared with the known enzymatic phosphorylation rates. Rare sugars are of rising interest for the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Role of HIV‐1 Vpr‐induced apoptosis on the release of mitochondrial lysyl‐tRNA synthetase
Authors: Kaminska Monika , Francin Mathilde , Shalak Vyacheslav , Mirande Marc
Published: June 2007

Mitochondrial lysyl‐tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is thought to be involved in the specific packaging of into HIV‐1 viral particles. The HIV‐1 auxiliary viral protein Vpr is an apoptogenic protein that affects the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and has also been reported to interact with LysRS. In the present study, we show that HIV‐1 Vpr expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity does not interact specifically with LysRS and does not impact its aminoacylation activity. However, we also show that the mitochondrial localization of LysRS in HeLa cells is altered after addition of Vpr in the culture medium. These results suggest that HIV‐1 Vpr fulfills an essential role in the process of packaging of mitochondrial LysRS.
Nasal septal perforation and antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes syndrome)
Authors: Banerjee S S , Lammin K , Carpentier J de
Published: June 2007

We present the case of a 19-year-old woman who developed a nasal septal perforation and atrophic rhinitis following septal surgery. During the subsequent five years, she also experienced intermittent episodes of swelling and ischaemia of the left foot, as well as livedo reticularis. Ultimately, haematological investigations revealed the presence of lupus anticoagulant and elevated antiphospholipid immunoglobulin M levels. A diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes syndrome) was made.

A search of the literature revealed that nasal septal perforation has been described in up to 0.8 per cent of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. However, it is undescribed in the otorhinolaryngological literature. The impact of this syndrome on otorhinolaryngology practice is examined.
Bacterial biofilm adherence to middle-ear ventilation tubes: scanning electron micrograph images and literature review
Authors: Barakate M , Beckenham E , Curotta J , Cruz M da
Published: June 2007

Introduction: The organisms that cause many device-related and other chronic infections actually grow in biofilms in or on these devices. We sought to examine the role of biofilm formation in chronic middle-ear ventilation tube infection.

Case report: Scanning electron micrograph images are presented which demonstrate biofilm on a middle-ear ventilation tube removed from a five-year-old child's chronically discharging ear. A review of the relevant international literature explores the role of biofilms in chronic infection and discusses potential intervention strategies.

Conclusion: Biofilms may be responsible for chronic middle-ear ventilation tube infection that resists treatment with conventional antibiotics.
Suture techniques in nasal tip sculpture: current concepts
Authors: Lo S , Rowe-Jones J
Published: June 2007

Objectives:

The three-dimensional anatomy and conspicuous location of the nasal tip makes it one of the most challenging sites of facial plastic surgery. This article reviews literature on nasal tip sculpture using suture techniques, as well as the authors' own experience.

Methods:

A search was conducted using Pubmed, the Google internet search engine and the authors' files, using the keywords ‘nasal tip’, ‘suture’, ‘rhinoplasty’ and ‘septorhinoplasty’.

Results:

Common nasal tip suture techniques and suture algorithms are presented, along with a summary of the indications and side effects of each technique.

Conclusions:

Predictable long-term results are more likely to occur with minimal local tissue excision. Suture techniques remodel the shape of the nasal tip by altering the configuration of, and the relationship between, the tip cartilages and their supporting structures; they also preserve nasal tip anatomy and limit resection. Intra-operatively, the effects are immediately visible, and can be adjusted or reversed. Tip sutures should therefore be considered instead of tissue excision whenever possible.
Combined approach tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma: impact of middle-ear endoscopy
Authors: Barakate M , Bottrill I
Published: June 2007

Objective:

The aims of this study were (1) to explore whether the experience at the Radcliffe Infirmary (Oxford, UK) supported the use of combined approach tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma, by determining the rate of disease at subsequent surgery, and (2) to assess whether this rate differed from findings reported elsewhere in the literature, possibly due to the effect of using an oto-endoscope.

Study design:

Retrospective case review, with data entered prospectively for operations performed by a single surgeon.

Setting:

Tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:

Between January 1998 and December 2004 inclusive, 66 patients underwent 68 primary procedures, with data available for all ‘second looks’.

Interventions:

Diagnostic and therapeutic operations for cholesteatoma were performed.

Main outcome measures:

All patients in this study attended follow up and underwent a second look operation, during which the rate of residual and recurrent cholesteatoma was determined. An oto-endoscope was used at all primary and subsequent surgery.

Results:

The mean interval between the first and second combined approach tympanoplasty procedures was 16 months, and that between the second and third such procedures was 19 months (10 patients). One patient underwent a fourth combined approach tympanoplasty procedure, 17 months after a third such procedure. The rate of cholesteatoma at second combined approach tympanoplasty was 20.6 per cent (14/68); this was judged to be residual in 10 ears (14.7 per cent) and to be recurrent, with the redevelopment of retraction pockets, in four ears (5.9 per cent). The rate of cholesteatoma at third combined approach tympanoplasty was 20 per cent (two of 10); of these two, one patient had a small pearl in the middle ear removed with the aid of a potassium titanyl phosphate laser. There was no disease present in one patient at a fourth combined approach tympanoplasty. Only four patients required a modified radical mastoidectomy.

Conclusion:

Cholesteatoma remains a disease with significant morbidity. Endoscope-assisted surgery may decrease the morbidity of second look surgery and may improve the clearance of disease in appropriately selected patients.
The Arctic ships Axel Thorsen and Skjøn Walborg
Authors: Kjær Kjell-G.
Published: June 2007

The two gun schooners Axel Thorsen and Skjøn Walborg were launched in 1810 and initially served as patrol ships with the task of protecting merchant vessels leaving Archangel from British attacks during the Napoleonic wars. Following the peace of 1815, the Norwegian authorities interpreted Russian activities in Finnmark, northern Norway, with considerable suspicion and, in 1816, Axel Thorsen was sent north to remove the Russian settlers from the area and to demolish their buildings. In 1817 and 1818, Skjøn Walborg replaced Axel Thorsen on the same mission. The two vessels also carried out a cartographic programme in the far north. In 1831 and 1832 there was an epidemic of cholera in Archangel, and the two ships acted to prevent vessels from that port docking in northern Norway. In 1864, Axel Thorsen was engaged by Adolf Nordenskiöld on his expedition to Svalbard while Skjøn Walborg was used by Graf Walburg-Ziel and Baron von Heuglin on their expedition to Svalbard in 1870. Both vessels were heavily engaged in sealing and hunting walrus at Novaya Zemlya from 1869 until both were crushed in the ice and lost in 1872.
Obituary
Authors: Carroll Alan
Published: June 2007

Victor Aloysius Jean-Baptiste Marchesi was born in London on 25 January 1914 and was educated at St. Joseph's in Norwood before joining the Merchant Navy. He later served fifteen months as fourth mate on RRS Discovery in 1936–7. He returned to a country preparing for the possibility of war, and joined the Royal Navy as a Sub-Lieutenant specialising in hydrographic survey. While serving as First Lieutenant on HMS Franklin surveying waters off southeast England in 1943, he received a signal requesting him to report to Lieutenant Commander Jimmy Marr at the Admiralty.
Work/Family Balance Policies in the UK since 1997: A New Departure?
Authors: LEWIS JANE , CAMPBELL MARY
Published: June 2007

Three successive Labour governments have developed a range of work/family balance (WFB) policies, including child care services, leaves and flexible working hours, which have also become an increasingly coherent package. Drawing on Hall (1993), we explore the extent to which these represent a significant change at three levels: that of ideas (the goals of policy), mechanisms (the nature of the policy instruments), and settings (the fine-tuning of policy instruments). We examine how far the ideas driving the policy developments have been about the welfare of the family and its members, and the nature of the balance of continuity and change in policy instruments and settings, making some suggestions as to how this might be explained.