bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on a charismatic leader in a tactical military organization
Authors: Sfarlog Benoni , Barsan Ghita , Ionita Dorin , Mosteanu Danut , Cojocaru Mircea
Published: April 2018

Satisfying functional requirements of military leadership be-comes possible by taking into account specific factors defin-ing the basic instances of a military organization, force gen-eration/ regeneration and the conduct of military operations. Major differences are plausible in the plan of effective exer-cise of leadership in all of the instances. These, noticed and identified, may be recovered from formative plans of training and development processes aimed at improving skills of mili-tary leaders.
Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) as a source of compounds with antitumor and radioprotective activity
Authors: Ulanowska Karolina , Skalski Bartosz , Olas Beata
Published: April 2018

This work presented characteristics of sea buckthorn (H. rhamnoides), the bioactive compounds they contain and their pro-health, anti-cancer and radioprotective activity. Studies have shown that antioxidants contained in the fruits of plant, such as vitamins A, E and phenolic compound, reduce oxidative damage and also inhibit the formation of carcinogenic compounds, such as aflatoxin B1 or N-nitrosamide. Bioactive substances included in sea buckthorn inhibit the growth and proliferation of malignant cells in a variety of systems: digestive, respiratory, reproductive, blood circulation and lymphatic. In addition, experiments conducted on mice and rats demonstrated the effect of sea buckthorn extracts on the apoptosis of the lung, breast, sarcoma, melanoma and lymphoid leukemia tumor cells.
Kauza hornické důchody v reformě z roku 2016, odůvodněnost zvláštního důchodového věku
Authors: Štefko Martin
Published: April 2018

Zatím poslední reforma hornických důchodů provedená v roce 2016 představuje progresivní krok zákonodárce, jenž se pokouší narovnat nespravedlnost spočívající v nižším věku dožití horníků a vyšší nebezpečnosti jejich povolání. Jde o zakotvení nižšího důchodového věku o 7 let (v kombinaci s předčasným důchodem až o 10 let) a v podstatě paušální výše starobního důchodu. Toto nové „hornické důchodové pojištění“ je ovšem finančně náročnější a zatěžuje deficitní veřejné důchodové pojištění. Cílem tohoto článku je analyzovat právní argumentaci pro nižší důchodový věk zavedený předmětnou novelou a na základě této argumentace přispět k otevření diskuze ohledně možnosti nahradit ve veřejném důchodovém pojištění alespoň částečně princip zásluhovosti pozitivními opatřeními ve prospěch vybraných pojištěnců s cílem zabránit tomu, aby nižší příjmové skupiny pobíraly nižší starobní důchody.
Origem do saber popular no cultivo de horto medicinal
Authors: Heisler Elisa Vanessa , Budó Maria De Lourdes Denardin , Schimith Maria Denise , Perottoni Juliano , Heisler Eliana Daniela
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: descrever a origem do saber popular relacionado ao cultivo de horto medicinal em um município da região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Método: estudo exploratório, estruturado a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa. A seleção dos participantes da pesquisa ocorreu por meio da rede de relações. A coleta dos dados aconteceu nos meses de abril e maio de 2014, contou com entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se a proposta operativa. Resultados: a origem dos hortos medicinais está ligada à iniciativa da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão rural e o conhecimento inerente ao cultivo é proveniente do saber popular. Considerações finais: ressalta-se a importância da inserção de profissionais da saúde nas comunidades em que atuam, considerando as dimensões dos contextos sociais que permeiam as inter-relações, planejando ações de saúde mais resolutivas.
Percepção das pessoas em situação de rua sobre os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde
Authors: Winkelmann Maria Caroline das Chagas , Lopes Priscila Roberta , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss , Fernandes Gisele Cristina Manfrini , Dalmolin Indiara Sartori
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das pessoas em situação de rua sobre os determinantes sociais da saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 15 partícipes do Sul do Brasil, em 2016. Os dados foram analisados a luz da análise temática. Resultados: os participantes abandonaram o convívio familiar e seus domicílios por situações conflituosas; pelo uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas; pelo desemprego; e pela busca de liberdade. O vínculo familiar mostra-se fragilizado, com pouco ou nenhum contato com a família nuclear e ampliada. Conclusões: a percepção dos determinantes sociais das pessoas em situação de rua resulta do espaço em que habitam. Destaca-se com isso a necessidade eminente de se fortalecer políticas públicas, para que esta população conquiste o direito a saúde e transforme suas condições de vida.
Mulheres abrigadas na Casa Lilás
Authors: Leiria Tatiane Alves , Leal Sandra Maria Cezar , Trentin Daiane , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Ferreira Micheli Leal , Vargas Caroline Porcelis
Published: April 2018

Objetivos: caracterizar as mulheres abrigadas na Casa Lilás no período de fevereiro de 2009 a junho de 2016, em Porto Alegre – RS; identificar os serviços que as encaminham e se a instituição abriga mulheres em situação de violência. Método: estudo descritivo, documental, de abordagem quantitativa realizada em julho 2016, nos registros das mulheres abrigadas na Casa Lilás. Análise realizada por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: 146 mulheres foram abrigadas por, no mínimo, três dias. A maioria entre 18 e 39 anos de idade, brancas, solteiras, com até quatro filhos, ensino fundamental incompleto, desempregadas e encaminhadas à Casa Lilás por Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (52,7%) e Ministério Público (29,5%). A situação de violência representou 32%. Violências física e psicológica foram as mais relatadas. Conclusões: os resultados deste estudo contribuem para visibilizar a gravidade da problemática das mulheres que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social e violência.
Percepção de enfermeiros acerca da implementação da avaliação na Atenção Básica: nota prévia
Authors: Oliveira Isabel Cristine , Weiller Teresinha Heck , Coelho Alexa Pupiara Flores , Soder Rafael Marcelo
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros acerca das ações em saúde desenvolvidas após a implementação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade (PMAQ) na Atenção Básica (AB). Método: estudo qualitativo, cujo cenário abarcará os municípios da 19ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes serão os enfermeiros atuantes em Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) pactuadas com o PMAQ. A produção dos dados acontecerá por meio de entrevista para realização da análise temática. Resultados esperados: espera-se maior conhecimento e entendimento de como o enfermeiro vem desenvolvendo as ações em saúde, a partir da implementação do PMAQ na AB.
Latent Class Model on Socio-Religious Data
Authors: Bushra Shamshad  , Junaid Saghir Siddiqi
Published: April 2018

We believe that in last two decades perception regarding socio-religious values had been changed in our society. Survey has been carried out on “changes in social values and their acceptance” in year 2011. Respondents have asked 74 questions (marked on Likert-scale) regarding educational system, political and religious affiliations and their impact on social values. Among these we have selected only those questions related to socio-religious issues (based on of individual and collective perceptions about the prevailing standard of the society in comparison with Islamic standards). Similar surveys using the same questionnaire had had conducted in year 1994 and 2001. Respondents, at each time of survey, were young students (youth acquiring education) from different colleges (Karachi region) and Karachi University. Perception can be explained more appropriately through latent class model (LCM). Through LCM we can explore structures in the data in term of different opinion groups. The modeling is done on the selected set of similar questions from each year. Conditional probabilities for year 2011, 2001 and 1994 are then compared in search of presence of any difference of opinion between the respondents. It is observed that by the passage of time, due to the influence of the electronic media there is a change in the opinion about the values of the society among the youth. Although, there is a reduction in the proportion of “Dissatisfied group” within the society but negative perception is penetrating among our young generation specifically about Ulmah and Imam’s role and women’s due rights toward society.
Instrumentalundervisningens problem – en kritik af fraværet af instrumentalpædagogisk grundlagsforskning
Authors: Lyngseth Øyvind
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe article argues that there is a need for a thorough philosophical inquiry into the epistemological basis of instrumental teaching. This kind of inquiry has not previously been undertaken. The way in which practitioners within the instrumental-pedagogical field are often making subjective and individual references to taste (taste-argument) and tradition (tradition-argument) in order to legitimize the self-understanding of the instrumental-pedagogical field, is critiqued.  Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics and his opus magnum, Truth and Method, are primarily informing the hermeneutical and epistemological analysis and critique of the instrumental-pedagogical praxis. The aim of the article is not only to point to the absence of epistemological research, but also to sketch the foundation for a future constructive discussion about the cultivation of critical self-understanding of the instrumental-pedagogical field.
Modélisation de l'évolution spatiotemporelle du phosphore minéral dans une baie lagunaire hypereutrophe tropicale : la baie lagunaire de Tiagba (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Yao Marcel Konan , Akmel Djedro Clément , Akpetou Kouamé Lazare , Trokourey Albert , Yao Kouassi Benjamin , Assidjo Nogbou Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

Ce travail décrit une nouvelle approche de la prédiction de l'évolution spatio-temporelle du phosphore minéral dans les eaux de surface, particulièrement dans la baie lagunaire de Tiagba. L'originalité de cette étude réside dans l'utilisation des réseaux de neurones artificiels, précisément du perceptron multicouche, comme outil de modélisation. Deux approches de l'évolution spatio-temporelle de ce nutriment dans cette baie ont été étudiées : sa modélisation statique et sa modélisation dynamique. Ainsi, il a été utilisé deux bases de 3 966 et 4 627 données respectivement pour sa modélisation statique et sa modélisation dynamique. L'algorithme de Levenberg-Marquardt a été utilisé pour la détermination des poids de connexions lors du développement du perceptron multicouche. Il ressort, des résultats obtenus, que les modèles 5-14-1 et 6-14-2 permettent de prédire à 70,30 % et à environ 70 % respectivement les évolutions statique et dynamique du phosphore minéral dans cette baie lagunaire. Ces modèles, jugés satisfaisant peuvent servir de socle pour d'éventuelles études visant à la réhabilitation et la gestion de cet écosystème aquatique dans le cadre de son développement durable.
A formação e a prática didático-pedagógica do docente bacharel no curso de Administração
Authors: Carneiro Stânia Nágila Vasconcelos , Nascimento Monique Isabelle de Sousa , Coutinho Elane Maria de Castro , Roncolato Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a formação e as práticas didático-pedagógicas dos docentes bacharéis no curso de graduação em administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Sertão Central do Ceará. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa constitui-se como qualitativa e descritiva, realizada por meio de estudo de caso. Em sua realização, fez-se uso de questionário estruturado e roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturado e não estruturado. Para a análise dos dados, adotou-se como método a análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011), que se utiliza de categorias. Os resultados mostram que, em relação ao perfil profissional docente, dos 17 professores entrevistados na pesquisa, a maioria são especialistas e buscam por valorização profissional. No que diz respeito às práticas didático-pedagógicas docentes, identificou-se que os professores procuram alinhar a teoria e a prática por meio de dinâmicas educativas, as quais têm por base o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso de Administração. Verificou-se ainda que estas metodologias consistem em modelos tradicionais de ensino-aprendizagem. No que se relaciona ao processo de recrutamento e seleção docente, constatou-se que o gestor de recursos humanos, o coordenador do curso de administração e o assistente pedagógico valorizam a formação acadêmica, profissional e pedagógica do candidato, e, como incentivos institucionais, tem-se a ajuda de custos para formação lato sensu e stricto sensu e jornadas pedagógicas. Além disso, chega-se à conclusão de que existe uma preocupação da instituição com a forma de se estimular a busca por conhecimento e o desenvolvimento deste em sala de aula, pois ela possui uma política educacional voltada para a formação continuada de seu quadro docente.
Paulo Freire dialogando com a matemática
Authors: Andrade Kalina Lígia Almeida de Brito
Published: April 2018

Após algumas reflexões acerca das obras do educador Paulo Freire, observamos o quanto seus ensinamentos e conjecturas, aliados a teorias de outros autores como Carrarer, Lorenzato e Fiorentini, se inserem perfeitamente no quadro de baixa qualidade do desempenho por que passa o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática. O autor mostra com propriedade o quanto é possível fazer a diferença em uma sala de aula, transformando esse cenário de mecanicismo, autoritarismo e descontentamento em um ambiente onde prevalece a dinamicidade, a cumplicidade, a tolerância e o estímulo à busca pelo conhecimento, onde deve haver a cooperação e a participação efetiva de todos os envolvidos na aquisição do conhecimento. Observamos a necessidade de os professores (re)significarem seus saberes e práticas e não dependerem exclusivamente de sua formação, mas estarem se aperfeiçoando continuamente e implantando propostas inovadoras, buscando sair de sua zona de conforto, fazendo o aluno compreender e construir suas próprias habilidades matemáticas, além de desenvolver uma consciência crítica, auxiliando-os a compreenderem e transformarem o mundo a sua volta. Dessa forma, apresentamos um diálogo entre a Matemática que está sendo exposta hoje aos nossos educandos e as reflexões apresentadas por Paulo Freire e outros autores, visando transformar a condição de ensino bancário em que se encontra esta disciplina em que muitos educadores insistem em laborar em uma prática pedagógica dinâmica, criativa, que estimule aos educandos a construírem seu próprio conhecimento.
Massive/Small Open Online Courses (MOOC/ SOOC) e Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA): inovação disruptiva na educação online e aberta
Authors: Mallmann Elena Maria
Published: April 2018

O foco é o potencial dos Massive/Small Open Online Courses (MOOC/SOOC) e Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA) para inovação disruptiva na educação online e aberta. Os fundamentos teóricos são os princípios da inovação e a prática das cinco liberdades (reter, reutilizar, readaptar, remixar, redistribuir) no contexto da Web 2.0. Os procedimentos metodológicos do Design-Based Research (DBR) contemplaram análise exploratória e triangulação de dados em ciclos iterativos de planejamento, implementação, avaliação para o redesign no cenário de um SOOC. Os resultados mostram que o trabalho emergente de (co)autoria, como prática das cinco liberdades do conteúdo aberto, incentiva inovação educacional disruptiva quando: a) as situações de aprendizagem flexibilizam processos tradicionais nas universidades; b) recursos e atividades são disponibilizadas com licenças permissivas gerando reutilização, reformulação e recompartilhamento com foco na transformação das práticas cotidianas; c) pode-se encorajar o aprimoramento de Fluência Tecnológico-Pedagógica (FTP); d) expande-se compreensões e percepções dos participantes sobre si mesmos e sobre os demais atores acerca de como as decisões e práticas cotidianas, mediadas pelas tecnologias em rede no contexto da Web 2.0, podem impactar o mundo real e o curso das vidas.
Utilização da Wikipédia por Estudantes e Professores: (des)encontros entre práticas educacionais abertas?
Authors: Pestana Filomena , Cardoso Teresa
Published: April 2018

É indiscutível o impacto que as novas tecnologias têm na forma como diariamente interagimos, partilhamos informações, trabalhamos e aprendemos. No campo da Educação, as tecnologias móveis e as plataformas digitais, entre outras, alteram o paradigma de interação e partilha, nomeadamente a Wikipédia, que se poderá assumir como um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, no contexto da educação aberta e a distância. No entanto, para a integrar curricularmente, importa conhecer a priori que concessões e utilizações fazem estudantes e professores desta enciclopédia online, a qual continua a suscitar controvérsias. Assim, apresentamos e discutimos a utilização da Wikipédia na perspetiva de estudantes e professores do ensino superior online. Neste estudo, com base numa extensa e cuidada revisão da literatura, desenvolvemos e implementámos um inquérito por questionário junto dos referidos públicos-alvo. O questionário foi previamente validado e disponibilizado online. Os dados foram analisados com recurso à estatística descritiva, sendo possível concluir que a maioria dos inquiridos acede à Wikipédia, porém são ainda poucos os que o fazem no âmbito do trabalho académico. Os resultados apresentam-se com potencial para uma possível abertura à implementação de atividades letivas neste âmbito. Em suma, embora as práticas dos estudantes e professores inquiridos sejam favoráveis à Wikipédia, será necessária mais formação para que possa ser integrada de modo consistente e possam prevalecer os cruzamentos e encontros entre recursos educacionais abertos.
Klebsiella pneumoniae as a key trafficker of drug resistance genes from environmental to clinically important bacteria
Authors: Wyres Kelly L , Holt Kathryn E
Published: April 2018

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen known for its high frequency and diversity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. In addition to being a significant clinical problem in its own right, K. pneumoniae is the species within which several new AMR genes were first discovered before spreading to other pathogens (e.g. carbapenem-resistance genes KPC, OXA-48 and NDM-1). Whilst K. pneumoniae’s contribution to the overall AMR crisis is impossible to quantify, current evidence suggests it has a wider ecological distribution, significantly more varied DNA composition, greater AMR gene diversity and a higher plasmid burden than other Gram negative opportunists. Hence we propose it plays a key role in disseminating AMR genes from environmental microbes to clinically important pathogens.
Drastic decline in optical density during stationary phase meant that Bacillus subtilis NRS-762 is not suitable as model organism in microbial survivability studies
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: April 2018

Survival of microbes on various surfaces and habitats is a question of importance to basic science, as well as health care, water treatment and distribution, ecology, and search for life in other planetary bodies. To this end, various model organisms known to be resilient against a variety of environmental stressors are used for understanding the mechanisms underlying survival in extreme environments, or conditions mimicking those of the investigated habitats. Observations of drastic decline in optical density of Bacillus subtilis NRS-762 (ATCC 8473) in LB Lennox and Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) at temperatures of 25, 30 and 37 oC, after the aerobic shake flask culture reached maximal cell density at stationary phase, pointed to possible cell lysis as mechanism for cell death. Specifically, optical density of the bacterium declined from 5.4 at 22.5 hours post-inoculation in LB Lennox medium to 2.5 after 38 hours of culture at 25 oC and 250 rpm rotational shaking. Similarly, optical density of B. subtilis NRS-762 also precipitously declined from 6.4 at 33 hours of culture to 1.8 at 51 hours post-inoculation at 37 oC in TSB. This is in stark contrast to aerobic growth of Escherichia coli DH5α (ATCC 53868) in LB Lennox medium at 37 oC and 230 rpm rotational shaking, where optical density remained stable during stationary phase. More importantly, observations of B. subtilis NRS-762 culture after autoclave decontamination revealed a lack of cellular debris; thereby, indicating massive cell lysis resulting in population collapse. Although B. subtilis is known to enter into various cellular differentiation programmes upon nutrient starvation, complete absence of cell debris that usually settle at the bottom of the shake flask after autoclave decontamination pointed to cannibalism or prophage induced cell lysis as key reasons underlying observed drastic decline in optical density of the culture. However, prophage induced cell lysis may be discounted as this would have led to rapid collapse of the entire cell population shortly after entry into stationary phase except during growth of B. subtilis NRS-762 at 37 oC where a temperature sensitive sensor might have activated prophage entry into the lytic programme. Hence, cannibalism, where a subpopulation of B. subtilis NRS-762 cells secrete cell lysis factors which other B. subtilis NRS-762 cells are not resistant to, likely resulted in massive cell lysis that released cellular contents that served as nutrients for the surviving population. Collectively, B. subtilis NRS-762 is not suitable as model organism for microbial survivability studies given its tendency to undergo differentiation into the cannibalism programme, which in killing a significant fraction of cells upon nutrient starvation, would confound experiments aimed at understanding the survivability of the bacterium under a variety of environmental conditions.
Food oral processing in humans: links between physiological parameters, release of flavour stimuli and flavour perception of food
Authors: FERON Gilles , Salles Christian
Published: April 2018

In humans, food oral processing (FOP) is the first step in the digestive process. It prepares the food for swallowing and to undergo the process of digestion. During chewing, the food is comminuted by the combined action of chewing and saliva to form a bolus. The particle size of the bolus is reduced due to the action of the tongue and the teeth, and the saliva is continuously produced by the salivary glands to humidify and impregnate the food. Saliva lubricates the bolus and enables the cohesion of particles to prepare for swallowing. During food oral processing, the compounds responsible for food flavour and taste are released, leading to the perception of food organoleptic properties and significantly contributing to the consumer’s acceptability of the product. Understanding this process of food breakdown and bolus formation thus appears to be a way to revisit food functional properties. However, this process is extremely complex, and as such, its description necessitates a combination of many quantities from different disciplines, i.e., physics, chemistry, physiology, psychology, behavioural science and food science. It depends, on one hand, on food properties and on the other hand, it depends on oral physiology. However, large inter-individual variability is commonly observed, which has important consequences on flavour release and perception. The challenge for the food industry is to be able to develop food considering this large variability, and sensory and nutritional constraints. This challenge is particularly relevant when specific populations (i.e., elderly, infants or obese subjects) are considered.
Examination of optimum test conditions for a 3-point bending and cutting test to evaluate sound emission of wafer during deformation
Authors: CARSANBA ERDEM , Schleining Gerhard
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate optimum test conditions of acoustical-mechanical measurement of wafer analysed by Acoustic Envelope Detector attached to the Texture Analyser. Forcedisplacement and acoustic signals were simultaneously recorded applying two different methods (3-point bending and cutting test). In order to study acoustical-mechanical behaviour of wafers, the parameters “maximum sound pressure”, “total count peaks” and “mean sound value” were used and optimal test conditions of microphone position and test speed were examined. With a microphone position of 45° angle and 1 cm distance and at a low test speed of 0.5 mm/s wafers of different quality could be distinguished best. The angle of microphone did not have significant effect on acoustic results and the nu
Quality assessment and shelf life modeling of pulsed electric field pretreated osmodehydrofrozen kiwifruit slices
Authors: Dermesonlouoglou Efimia , Zachariou Ismini , Andreou Varvara , S. Taoukis Petros
Published: April 2018

The objective of this work was to investigate the potential use of pulsed electric field (PEF) in combination with osmotic dehydration (OD) as a pre-freezing step and to evaluate the effect on quality characteristics and shelf life of frozen kiwifruit. Peeled kiwifruit was subjected to PEF (1.8 kV/cm), sliced and treated in OD-solution (containing glycerol, maltodextrin, trehalose, ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, citric acid, sodium chloride; 1/5 (wfruit/wsolution)) for 30 and 60 min at 35 °C. Combined, PEF only and OD only treated samples as well as nontreated and blanched (80 °C, 60 s) samples were frozen and stored at constant (-5, -10, -15, -25 °C) and dynamic temperature conditions (-18 °C-3 d, -8 °C-2.5 d, -15 °C-3 d). Quality of frozen samples was evaluated by means of drip loss, colour, texture, vitamin C and sensory evaluation (1-9 scale); and shelf life (SL) was calculated. Nontreated and blanched samples presented high drip loss and tissue softening (instrumentally measured as Fmax decrease). The tissue integrity was well retained in all osmotically pretreated samples. PEF pretreatment caused increase of fruit whiteness (increase of L value) and yellowness (a and/or b value increase); SL calculation was based on colour change. All OD samples had high vitamin content (24.6 mg/100 g fresh material compared to 138-154 mg/100 g osmodehydrated material); PEF led to 93% (of the initial) vitamin retention; blanched samples showed the lowest retention (86.9% of the initial) (criteria for SL calculation). OD and combined PEF-OD treatment increased the shelf life of frozen kiwifruit (up to 3 times; based on sensorial criteria). The developed kinetic models for colour change, vitamin loss, and sensory quality deterioration were validated at dynamic temperature conditions. PEF pretreated OD (at significantly shorter time, 30 min compared to 60 min) kiwifruits retained optimum quality and sensory characteristics. PEF and OD could be used as a preprocessing step of good quality, longer shelf life kiwi sliced frozen products.
Comment on "Magnetosensitive neurons mediate geomagnetic orientation in Caenorhabditis elegans"
Authors: Landler Lukas , Nimpf Simon , Hochstoeger Tobias , Nordmann Gregory C , Papadaki-Anastasopoulou Artemis , Keays David A
Published: April 2018

A diverse array of species on the planet employ the Earth's magnetic field as a navigational aid. As the majority of these animals are migratory, their utility to interrogate the molecular and cellular basis of the magnetic sense is limited. Vidal-Gadea and colleagues recently argued that the worm Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a magnetic sense that guides their vertical movement in soil. In making this claim, they relied on three different behavioral assays that involved magnetic stimuli. Here, we set out to replicate their results employing blinded protocols and double wrapped coils that control for heat generation. We find no evidence supporting the existence of a magnetic sense in C. elegans. We further show that the Vidal-Gadea hypothesis is problematic as the adoption of a correction angle and a fixed trajectory relative to the Earth's magnetic inclination does not necessarily result in vertical movement.
Intermittent hypoxia‐induced epiregulin expression by IL‐6 production in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Kyotani Yoji , Itaya‐Hironaka Asako , Yamauchi Akiyo , Sakuramoto‐Tsuchida Sumiyo , Makino Mai , Takasawa Shin , Yoshizumi Masanori
Published: April 2018

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience repetitive episodes of desaturation and resaturation of blood oxygen (known as intermittent hypoxia or IH), during sleep. We showed previously that IH induced excessive proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells through upregulation of members of the epidermal growth factor family, especially epiregulin (EREG), and the erbB2 receptor. In this study, we exposed human coronary artery smooth muscle cells to IH and found that IH significantly increased the expression of EREG. IH increased the production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in smooth muscle cells, and the addition of IL‐6 induced EREG expression. Small interfering RNA for IL‐6 or IL‐6 receptor attenuated the IH‐induced increase in EREG. IL‐6 may play a pivotal role in EREG upregulation by IH and consequently OSA‐related atherosclerosis.
Impact of different post-harvest processing methods on the chemical compositions of peony root
Authors: Zhu Shu , Shirakawa Aimi , Shi Yanhong , Yu Xiaoli , Tamura Takayuki , Shibahara Naotoshi , Yoshimatsu Kayo , Komatsu Katsuko
Published: April 2018

The impact of key processing steps such as boiling, peeling, drying and storing on chemical compositions and morphologic features of the produced peony root was investigated in detail by applying 15 processing methods to fresh roots of Paeonia lactiflora and then monitoring contents of eight main components, as well as internal root color. The results showed that low temperature (4 °C) storage of fresh roots for approximately 1 month after harvest resulted in slightly increased and stable content of paeoniflorin, which might be due to suppression of enzymatic degradation. This storage also prevented roots from discoloring, facilitating production of favorable bright color roots. Boiling process triggered decomposition of polygalloylglucoses, thereby leading to a significant increase in contents of pentagalloylglucose and gallic acid. Peeling process resulted in a decrease of albiflorin and catechin contents. As a result, an optimized and practicable processing method ensuring high contents of the main active components in the produced root was developed.
Experimental control of swept-wing transition through base-flow modification by plasma actuators
Authors: Yadala Srikar , Hehner Marc T. , Serpieri Jacopo , Benard Nicolas , Dörr Philipp C. , Kloker Markus J. , Kotsonis Marios
Published: April 2018

Control of laminar-to-turbulent transition on a swept-wing is achieved by base-flow modification in an experimental framework, up to a chord Reynolds number of 2.5 million. This technique is based on the control strategy used in the numerical simulation by Dörr & Kloker (J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 48, 2015b, 285205). A spanwise uniform body force is introduced using dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators, to either force against or along the local cross-flow component of the boundary layer. The effect of forcing on the stability of the boundary layer is analysed using a simplified model proposed by Serpieri et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 833, 2017, pp. 164–205). A minimal thickness plasma actuator is fabricated using spray-on techniques and positioned near the leading edge of the swept-wing, while infrared thermography is used to detect and quantify transition location. Results from both the simplified model and experiment indicate that forcing along the local cross-flow component promotes transition while forcing against successfully delays transition. This is the first experimental demonstration of swept-wing transition delay via base-flow modification using plasma actuators.
Istanbul sounding like revolution: the role of music in the Gezi Park Occupy movement
Authors: Bianchi Raffaella
Published: April 2018

This article focuses on the role of protest music in the biggest social movement of recent Turkish history. It is the result of three years of fieldwork triangulating musical and cultural analysis with ethnographic methods. Motives of the protest, strategies of the movement, agency of musicians and participatory performances are investigated and contextualised in an analysis of Turkey's cultural changes. The function of music shifted from framing the protest to encouraging political action and fostering a sense of belonging to the collective identity of the Gezi Park movement. Music even became political activism. By underlining different functions played by music in the case of the Gezi Park movement, this article problematises the relevance of music for social movements.
‘Communists are no Beasts’: European Solidarity Campaigns on Behalf of Democracy and Human Rights in Greece and East–West Détente in the 1960s and Early 1970s–ERRATUM
Authors: CHRISTIAENS KIM
Published: April 2018

The above published article by Kim Christiaens contains an error produced during production. We apologise to the author and readers for this error.
Vascular endothelial growth factor mediates the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury
Authors: Ahn So Yoon , Park Won Soon , Kim Young Eun , Sung Dong Kyung , Sung Se In , Ahn Jee Yin , Chang Yun Sil
Published: April 2018

We previously reported the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in protecting against neonatal hyperoxic lung injuries. Recently, the paracrine protective effect of MSCs was reported to be primarily mediated by extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-derived EVs and the role of the VEGF contained within EVs in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury have not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to determine whether MSC-derived EVs attenuate neonatal hyperoxic lung injury and, if so, whether this protection is mediated via the transfer of VEGF. We compared the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, MSC-derived EVs with or without VEGF knockdown, and fibroblast-derived EVs in vitro with a rat lung epithelial cell line challenged with H2O2 and in vivo with newborn Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hyperoxia (90%) for 14 days. MSCs (1 × 105 cells) or EVs (20 µg) were administered intratracheally on postnatal day 5. The MSCs and MSC-derived EVs, but not the EVs derived from VEGF-knockdown MSCs or fibroblasts, attenuated the in vitro H2O2-induced L2 cell death and the in vivo hyperoxic lung injuries, such as impaired alveolarization and angiogenesis, increased cell death, and activated macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines. PKH67-stained EVs were internalized into vascular pericytes (22.7%), macrophages (21.3%), type 2 epithelial cells (19.5%), and fibroblasts (4.4%) but not into vascular endothelial cells. MSC-derived EVs are as effective as parental MSCs for attenuating neonatal hyperoxic lung injuries, and this protection was mediated primarily by the transfer of VEGF.
MicroRNA-181a promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer by targeting SRCIN1 to promote the SRC/VEGF signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Wu , Wang Xiaojun , Li Jialu , You Chaoying , Lu Pan , Feng Huijin , Kong Yan , Zhang Haiyang , Liu Yanqing , Jiao Ruihua , Chen Xi , Ba Yi
Published: April 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very common metastatic tumor with active angiogenesis that requires active angiogenesis. Recently, increased microRNA-181a-5p (miR-181a) expression was found to be significantly associated with liver metastasis and poor outcome in CRC patients. In this study, the role of miR-181a in tumor angiogenesis was further investigated. Capillary tube formation assays were used to demonstrate the ability of miR-181a to promote tumor angiogenesis. Bioinformatics analyses identified SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (SRCIN1) as a potential target of miR-181a. Next, two CRC cell lines (HT29 and SW480) were used to clarify the function of miR-181a through SRCIN1 targeting. In addition, the biological effects of SRCIN1 inhibition by miR-181a were examined in vitro by quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in vivo by Matrigel plug angiogenesis assays and immunohistochemical staining. In clinical samples, Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the relation between miR-181a and SRCIN1. In addition, SRCIN1 protein and miR-181a expression levels in CRC tissues were also measured by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. MiR-181a markedly augmented the capability of CRC cells to advance tube formation in endothelial cells in vitro. The Matrigel plug assay showed that miR-181a promoted angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, miR-181a inhibited SRCIN1, which caused SRC to transform from an inactive status to an active conformation and to trigger vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, leading to increased angiogenesis. MiR-181a dysregulation contributes to angiogenesis in CRC, and downregulation of miR-181a represents a promising, novel strategy to achieve an efficient antiangiogenic response in anti-CRC therapy.
Histone demethylase JMJD1A coordinates acute and chronic adaptation to cold stress via thermogenic phospho-switch
Authors: Abe Yohei , Fujiwara Yosuke , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsumura Yoshihiro , Sawada Tomonobu , Jiang Shuying , Nakaki Ryo , Uchida Aoi , Nagao Noriko , Naito Makoto , Kajimura Shingo , Kimura Hiroshi , Osborne Timothy F. , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Inagaki Takeshi , Sakai Juro
Published: April 2018

In acute cold stress in mammals, JMJD1A, a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylase, upregulates thermogenic gene expressions through β-adrenergic signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Aside BAT-driven thermogenesis, mammals have another mechanism to cope with long-term cold stress by inducing the browning of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). Here, we show that this occurs through a two-step process that requires both β-adrenergic-dependent phosphorylation of S265 and demethylation of H3K9me2 by JMJD1A. The histone demethylation-independent acute Ucp1 induction in BAT and demethylation-dependent chronic Ucp1 expression in beige scWAT provides complementary molecular mechanisms to ensure an ordered transition between acute and chronic adaptation to cold stress. JMJD1A mediates two major signaling pathways, namely, β-adrenergic receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation, via PRDM16-PPARγ-P-JMJD1A complex for beige adipogenesis. S265 phosphorylation of JMJD1A, and the following demethylation of H3K9me2 might prove to be a novel molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, via promoting beige adipogenesis.
Interplay of orbital effects and nanoscale strain in topological crystalline insulators
Authors: Walkup Daniel , Assaf Badih A. , Scipioni Kane L. , Sankar R. , Chou Fangcheng , Chang Guoqing , Lin Hsin , Zeljkovic Ilija , Madhavan Vidya
Published: April 2018

Orbital degrees of freedom can have pronounced effects on the fundamental properties of electrons in solids. In addition to influencing bandwidths, gaps, correlation strength and dispersion, orbital effects have been implicated in generating novel electronic and structural phases. Here we show how the orbital nature of bands can result in non-trivial effects of strain on band structure. We use scanning–tunneling microscopy to study the effects of strain on the electronic structure of a heteroepitaxial thin film of a topological crystalline insulator, SnTe. By studying the effects of uniaxial strain on the band structure we find a surprising effect where strain applied in one direction has the most pronounced influence on the band structure along the perpendicular direction. Our theoretical calculations indicate that this effect arises from the orbital nature of the conduction and valence bands. Our results imply that a microscopic model capturing strain effects must include a consideration of the orbital nature of bands.
Nanoscale zero-field electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Kong Fei , Zhao Pengju , Ye Xiangyu , Wang Zhecheng , Qin Zhuoyang , Yu Pei , Su Jihu , Shi Fazhan , Du Jiangfeng
Published: April 2018

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has broad applications in physics, chemistry, and biology. As a complementary tool, zero-field ESR (ZF-ESR) spectroscopy has been proposed for decades and shown its own benefits for investigating the electron fine and hyperfine interaction. However, the ZF-ESR method has been rarely used due to the low sensitivity and the requirement of much larger samples than conventional ESR. In this work, we present a method for deploying ZF-ESR spectroscopy at the nanoscale by using a highly sensitive quantum sensor, the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. We also measure the nanoscale ZF-ESR spectrum of a few P1 centers in diamond, and show that the hyperfine coupling constant can be directly extracted from the spectrum. This method opens the door to practical applications of ZF-ESR spectroscopy, such as investigation of the structure and polarity information in spin-modified organic and biological systems.
Spontaneous formation of gold nanostructures in aqueous microdroplets
Authors: Lee Jae Kyoo , Samanta Devleena , Nam Hong Gil , Zare Richard N.
Published: April 2018

The synthesis of gold nanostructures has received widespread attention owing to many important applications. We report the accelerated synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as well as the reducing-agent-free and template-free synthesis of gold nanoparticles and nanowires in aerosol microdroplets. At first, the AuNP synthesis are carried out by fusing two aqueous microdroplet streams containing chloroauric acid and sodium borohydride. The AuNPs (~7 nm in diameter) are produced within 60 µs at the rate of 0.24 nm µs−1. Compared to bulk solution, microdroplets enhance the size and the growth rate of AuNPs by factors of about 2.1 and 1.2 × 105, respectively. Later, we find that gold nanoparticles and nanowires (~7 nm wide and >2000 nm long) are also formed in microdroplets in the absence of any added reducing agent, template, or externally applied charge. Thus, water microdroplets not only accelerate the synthesis of AuNPs by orders of magnitude, but they also cause spontaneous formation of gold nanostructures.
Gene refashioning through innovative shifting of reading frames in mosses
Authors: Guan Yanlong , Liu Li , Wang Qia , Zhao Jinjie , Li Ping , Hu Jinyong , Yang Zefeng , Running Mark P. , Sun Hang , Huang Jinling
Published: April 2018

Early-diverging land plants such as mosses are known for their outstanding abilities to grow in various terrestrial habitats, incorporating tremendous structural and physiological innovations, as well as many lineage-specific genes. How these genes and functional innovations evolved remains unclear. In this study, we show that a dual-coding gene YAN/AltYAN in the moss Physcomitrella patens evolved from a pre-existing hemerythrin gene. Experimental evidence indicates that YAN/AltYAN is involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism, as well as oil body and wax formation. Strikingly, both the recently evolved dual-coding YAN/AltYAN and the pre-existing hemerythrin gene might have similar physiological effects on oil body biogenesis and dehydration resistance. These findings bear important implications in understanding the mechanisms of gene origination and the strategies of plants to fine-tune their adaptation to various habitats.
Pushing the resolution limit by correcting the Ewald sphere effect in single-particle Cryo-EM reconstructions
Authors: Zhu Dongjie , Wang Xiangxi , Fang Qianglin , Van Etten James L , Rossmann Michael G , Rao Zihe , Zhang Xinzheng
Published: April 2018

The Ewald sphere effect is generally neglected when using the Central Projection Theorem for cryo electron microscopy single-particle reconstructions. This can reduce the resolution of a reconstruction. Here we estimate the attainable resolution and report a “block-based” reconstruction method for extending the resolution limit. We find the Ewald sphere effect limits the resolution of large objects, especially large viruses. After processing two real datasets of large viruses, we show that our procedure can extend the resolution for both datasets and can accommodate the flexibility associated with large protein complexes.
Publisher Correction: Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase: a Promising Target for Hemipteran Pest Management
Authors: Tusun Abudourusuli , Li Ming , Liang Xiangzhi , Yang Ting , Yang Bin , Wang Guirong
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
When light hurts: Comparative Morphometry of Human Brainstem in Traumatic Photalgia
Authors: Likova Lora T. , Tyler Christopher W.
Published: April 2018

Traumatic brain injury is an increasingly common affliction, although many of its serious repercussions are still underappreciated. A frequent consequence is the development of light-induced pain, or‘photalgia’, which can often lead to prolonged debilitation. The mechanism underlying the sensitivity to light, however, remains unresolved. Since tissue oedema (swelling) is a common feature of traumatic brain injury, we propose that the brainstem oedema, in particular, might sensitize the brainstem trigeminal complex to signals from ocular mechanisms activated in bright light. To assess this hypothesis, we ran high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brainstems of concussion groups with mild and severe photalgia, without photalgia, and healthy controls. The 3D configuration of the brainstem was determined by Tensor-Based Morphometry (TBM) for each participant. The TBM revealed significant deviations in the brainstem morphology of all concussion groups, with a characteristic signature for each group. In particular, concussion without photalgia showed bilateral expansion at the pontine/medulla junction, whereas concussion with photalgia showed mid-pontine shrinkage, consistent with degeneration of nuclei of the trigeminal complex. These results support the hypothesis that brainstem shrinkage/degeneration represents a morphological substrate of the photalgic sensitization of the trigeminal pathway.