bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting the morphology of single graphene sheets by dual channel sampling plasmonic imaging
Authors: Wei Ruxue , Jiang Liwen , Sun Xuqing , Liu Hongyao , Wang Xue , Wang Chang , Lu Xinchao , Huang Chengjun
Published: January 2020

Due to their excellent physical and chemical properties, graphene sheets are widely used in industry, which makes detection important to guarantee their performance. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are the most common detection methods, which is either time-consuming or easily destructive. In this work, we presented a fast and nondestructive method to detect single graphene sheets by using plasmonic imaging. Dual channel sampling plasmonic imaging combining the image processing algorithm is used to improve the deterioration from propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons and reconstruct the complete morphology of single graphene sheets. The fast and nondestructive detection method paves the way to applications of graphene, and can be extended to the detections of two-dimensional materials, single biological molecule, viruses, and nanomaterials.
Monetización del valor social: el caso Clade
Authors: Lazkano de Anta Larraitz , San José Leire
Published: January 2020

Hasta la fecha el análisis de la empresa se ha remitido al análisis económico, dado que tradicionalmente se ha considerado la empresa como una entidad generadora de valor económico, mientras que su valor social ha quedado relegado a un segundo plano por los principios contables predominantes. Son aún pocas las organizaciones, aunque cada vez más, que monetizan el valor social generado (algo más de una centena), y muchas las que están estableciendo el impacto social generado en la sociedad, si bien no lo monetizan. En concreto, en la economía social, las personas son más relevantes que el capital, por lo que saber el valor que esas personas perciben de la entidad es más importante que la aportación realizada al capital, ya que el primero va alineado con el ser de la organización; el propósito social que tiene. Con la finalidad de demostrar esta afirmación se ha seleccionado el caso de uno de los ocho grandes grupos empresariales de la Economía Social a nivel estatal, el grupo Clade, formado por doce empresas. El método utilizado ha sido la aplicación de un sistema de contabilidad social para cuantificar monetariamente el impacto social de cada organización y del grupo en su globalidad. Los resultados demuestran que la contabilidad clásica o tradicional no nos aporta información acerca de todas las actividades que realizan las empresas con impacto social, asimismo, contribuimos a la literatura porque el valor social generado al que llegamos con este sistema de contabilidad social demuestra la importancia que para estas entidades tiene este tipo de actividades no transaccionadas, y por ello, que no figuran en contabilidad tradicional, pero con gran aporte social.
Multilocus analysis of Gallid herpesvirus 1 in layer chickens in Iraq
Authors: Al-Saadi Mohammed Hamzah Abdulkadhim
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) causes a highly pathogenic respiratory disease that affects poultry. It is also known as Gallid herpesvirus 1. ILT prophylaxis measures often include using live attenuated vaccines. The live attenuated vaccine can, however, lead to the formation of new strains of ILTV as a result of vaccine reversion and recombination with field strains. Therefore, this study was performed to explore the multilocus variation of ILTV strains of field and vaccine origin. Samples were tested from two distinctive geographical areas in Iraq as little is known about the ILTV genetic diversity within these areas.

Materials and Methods: The polymerase chain reaction method was utilized to generate sequencing templates of six highly polymorphic genes, including UL54, UL52, gB, ICP18.5, ICP4, and gJ in the layer chicken sample (n=15). The Western blotting technique was also employed to detect and estimate the native molecular weight of gE.

Results: The results revealed an important degree of genetic relatedness between the field and vaccine strains across all genes. In addition, gE was found to be expressed natively at 49 kDa.

Conclusion: The findings of this study may be used to improve the production process of the vaccine for more effective ILT prophylaxis and could further the understanding of epidemiologists and immunologists to better control ILT in the future.
Westonia első teljes magyar fordításának margójára
Authors: Nagyillés János
Published: January 2020

Since the end of the XIXth century Elisabeth Jane Weston has sunk into oblivion in Hungary. Recently the special Kossuth-issue of the journal „A Dunánál” dealt with the poetess, because she was probably one of the ancestors of the Kossuth family. Her writing had been analysed in the West before, her reception was held up by the fact, that her whole work (poems and letters) has not been published yet in Hungarian. Connected to the translation the author has analysed Weston’s poetic technics, and claims, that the poetess wanted to slip on the mask of an ancient literary heroin or that of a poetess in exile.
Az értelmiség utópiája: Erasmus és a keresztény humanizmus
Authors: Petneházi Gábor
Published: January 2020

The short essaistic paper tries to reassume the main reasons of the ambiguous memory of the great humanist's reform-programme. Erasmus in his numerous writings mocked contemporary politics, the corruption, hedonism and selfishness both of ecclesiastical and secular rulers and exhorted the radical reform of the whole christian society, but in the meantime he might be completely aware of the irrealistic and utopian possibility of such a universal and spiritual turnaround. The reason, why he remained consequent in this wish (which in fact was not a coherent programme) is rooted in the very nature his being as christian humanist: the "universal intellectual" who criticized so sharply the society was both a role but a most serious justification of his personal and intellectual existence; furthermore, Erasmus of course was also aware of the nothing less ambiguous ciceronian requirements of the politically active but the same time withdrawn and creative humanist intellectual.
Pásztori múzsa a nagyvárosban
Authors: Gellérfi Gergő
Published: January 2020

The title of my paper refers to a remark of Charles Witke, who specifies Juvenal’s Satire 3 in his monograph of Latin Satire as the eclogue of the urban poor. The interlocutor (who is also the main speaker in this case) of the satire says farewell to a friend before leaving his home for good, just like Meliboeus in Vergil’s First Eclogue. Both dialogues take place in natural environment, so to say, in a locus amoenus, however the setting of the satire is somewhat different from the traditional bucolic scenes. In my paper, I present the aforementioned bucolic features of the beginning and closure of Satire 3, after a brief summary of the other Juvenalian Satires showing the influence of bucolic poetry.
Palingenius Zodiacus vitae-je a magyarországi Album Amicorumokban
Authors: Knapp Éva
Published: January 2020

The reception history of the Zodiacus vitae is an independent research topic long ago outside Hungary, researchers have been analyzing the various levels and forms of reception for decades. However, the peculiarities of the Palingenius-reception in Hungary have not been systematically studied. Although full edition of the entire Zodiacus vitae printed in Hungary is not known, several copies of different printed editions arrived to Hungary. The popularity of this epic philosophical poem is indicated by several entries in the autograph albums of peregrine students. These Hungarianrelated entries mostly accurately quote the details of the work in gnomes. The conscious, customized combination and re-functioning of quotations follows the international practice of the era.
sed nunc navita...
Authors: Simon Lajos Zoltán
Published: January 2020

It is well-known that Iacopo Sannazaro had created a new genre of pastoral poetry (Eclogae piscatoriae, 1526) that remained popular for centuries. Even in the 18th century there were literary debates concerning fishermen’s eclogues written both in native language and in Latin. While the ecloga piscatoria still receives some scholarly attention, the genre of the much rarer sea-eclogue (ecloga nautica) has almost completely faded into oblivion. The paper focuses on the characteristics of this subgenre by analysing the eclogues of Lorenzo Gambara, Antonius Taygetus, Hugo Grotius and Petrus Stratenus. It will be argued that the ecloga nautica is characterised by distinct features. However, these bold innovations contradicted the more and more rigid expectations concerning the pastoral genre to such an extent that this may also explain why the subgenre had finally remained a marginal phenomenon in the flourishing era of pastoral poetry.
A nők ellen vagy a nők ellen is?
Authors: Gellérfi Gergő
Published: January 2020

The opening of Juvenal’s longest and maybe the most well-known poem, Satire 6, is based on the ancient concept of the “Ages of Man”, starting from the reign of Saturn and ending with the flight of the two sisters, Pudicitia and Astraea. The first part of this 24-line-long passage depicts the Golden Age making use of two different sources: the idealized Golden Age appearing in Vergil’s poetry among others and the prehistoric primitive world from the Book 5 of Lucretius. The Juvenalian Golden Age, presented briefly in a naturalistic way, is a curious amalgam of these two traditions, being the only time in human history according to the poet when marital fidelity was unblemished. However, while reading Satire 6, it seems far from obvious that the lack of adultery should be attributed to higher morals. Albeit Juvenal presents a great variety of women’s sins in Satire 6, the poem’s central motif is infidelity beyond doubt, which is called the most ancient of all sins by the poet, being the only one that appeared in the Silver Age already. This is his cause for looking back to the mythological past in the introductory lines of the “Women’s Satire”; but as his words reveal it, the return to this state of the world and humanity seems neither possible nor desirable to him...
Szent Jeromos és Szent Ágoston vitája a fordításról
Authors: Takács László
Published: January 2020

During the revision of the earlier translation of the Book of Jonah St Jerome changed the name of the fast-growing plant referred to in the story. In his version it is ivy that sprang up and perished in a day instead of gourd. St Augustine (Bishop of Hippo) wrote a letter to St Jerome expressing his discontent about the ivy-version. According to his argumentation disturbance broke out among the Greek and Roman Christian communities in the city of Oia as a result of the differences of the translations: the Greeks used the version of Septuaginta (gourd), while the Romans used the new St Jerome-translation (ivy). In his response St Jerome rejects St Augustine’s criticism and explains what his reason was for his departure from the customary text. The paper tries to illustrate that St Jerome, who knew the plant properly, favoured the Latin-speaking communities of Europe, when he inserted the word ivy into the text.
Interest of Confirmation Tests in the Diagnosis of Viral Hepatitis C to Blood Donors in Abidjan-Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou , Kabore Saydou , Dembele Bamory , Yao Kouadio.Daniel , Bogui-Siransy Liliane , Adjoumani Jean Luc , Abisse Agba , Konaté Seidou
Published: January 2020

Introduction
The anti-HCV RIBA test verifies the presence of anti-HCV serum antibodies detected by the Elisa test. In Côte d'Ivoire, screening for hepatitis C is done exclusively by enzyme immunoassays. In order to reduce the number of HCV positive blood donor exclusions on ELISA, we conducted this study which aimed to demonstrate the value of the RIBA test in confirming diagnosis of viral hepatitis C to blood donors.

Methods
Our study, which took place from 02 to 23 February 2008 in the laboratory of Abidjan NBTC, focused on 200 sera of blood donors anti-HCV positive (Elisa test) selected according to the ratio. The DECISCAN HCV PLUS confirmation test of BIORAD was used.

Results
Among the 200 HCV samples positive by EIA, 49% (98/200) were confirmed positive. RIBA gave an indeterminate result in 40% of cases (80/200); and negative in 11% of cases (22/200) corresponding to false ELISA devices. In RIBA 96 samples had a low ELISA ratio of which 21% (20/96) were RIBA negative, and 79% (76/96) were indeterminate. RIBA positive samples (98/200) had a high ratio in 82% of cases (80/98). The presence of NS3 (C33) and NS4 (C100) was noted in 100% of cases (98/98, C2 in 37% (36/98) of cases and C1 in 18% of cases (18/98). RIBA indeterminate noted the presence of NS3 in 98% of cases (78/80) and NS4 in 30% of cases (24/80). Proteins C1, C2 and NS4 are essential for the diagnosis of confirmation of viral hepatitis C by RIBA.

Conclusion
These results attest to the lower specificity of enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs); hence the benefit of using RIBA confirmatory tests. A significant number of donors are excluded from blood donation in Côte d'Ivoire on the basis of false positive results obtained by the ELISA technique.
Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Colon Presenting as Transfusion-Dependent Hematochezia
Authors: Dornblaser David , Hajdu Cristina , Rosenberg Jonathan , Gurvits Grigoriy
Published: January 2020

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the colon is an exceedingly rare clinical diagnosis with few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of a 61-year-old man with a medical history of cutaneous SCC of the penis who presented with hematochezia and was found to have metastatic SCC to the distal transverse colon. To our knowledge, this is the first case of colonic SCC presenting as a metastatic disease from a primary penile site.
Management of Early-Stage Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Endoscopic Spray Cryotherapy in the Setting of Portal Hypertension With Varices
Authors: Coyle Walter J. , Pillsbury Elliott A.
Published: January 2020

The use of endoscopic spray cryotherapy to manage pathological conditions of the esophagus has become increasingly common. This mucosal ablation technique is believed to carry a lower risk of bleeding than other modalities. A 71-year-old woman and a 64-year-old man with portal hypertension and varices were diagnosed with invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma during routine variceal surveillance. Staging by endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography was uT1N0M0 in both patients. They each underwent mucosal ablation using liquid nitrogen cryosprays with no adverse events. Both cancers completely resolved with 2 treatments, and neither patient has shown recurrence of neoplasia during follow-up observations for up to 2 years.
Evaluation and Validation of the Modified Reflux Symptom Questionnaire–Electronic Diary in Patients With Persistent Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Andrae David A. , Hanlon Jennifer , Cala Mary Lynn , Scippa Kayla , Graham Christina , Witherspoon Brooke , Shao James Z. , Reasner David
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to examine the validity of the modified Reflux Symptom Questionnaire–electronic Diary (mRESQ-eD) through patient input and psychometric testing of the questionnaire to support use in clinical trials in patients with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and in accordance with Food and Drug Administration guidance on patient-reported outcome instruments.

METHODS:

Cognitive interviews were conducted with patients (n = 30) to evaluate the interpretability and content validity of draft mRESQ-eD items. Patient data from a phase 2b clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02637557) on persistent GERD served to aid in the construction of weekly scores for heartburn severity, regurgitation severity, and total GERD severity. These scores' psychometric properties were also evaluated.

RESULTS:

Minor modifications were made to the draft mRESQ-eD based on patient feedback to improve interpretability and clarity of the instrument. Psychometric analysis suggested that an 8-item version of the mRESQ-eD was best suited to the clinical data. The internal consistency was found to be high (Coefficient ω = 0.95). Retest reliability and convergent validity were strong for a heartburn weekly severity score, regurgitation weekly severity score, and total GERD severity score.

DISCUSSION:

The final 8-item mRESQ-eD is a reliable and valid instrument with good psychometric properties for use in clinical trials in patients with persistent GERD. The mRESQ-eD may be considered for inclusion in clinical trials for persistent GERD and potentially positioned, in consultation with Food and Drug Administration, as endpoints to characterize treatment benefit.
Is Peer Support in Group Clinics as Effective as Traditional Individual Appointments? The First Study in Patients With Celiac Disease
Authors: Rej Anupam , Trott Nick , Kurien Matthew , Branchi Federica , Richman Emile , Subramanian Sreedhar , Sanders David Surendran
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Celiac disease (CD) is common, affecting approximately 1% of the population. The cornerstone of management is a gluten-free diet, with dietetic advice being the key to aiding implementation. The aim of the study was to assess group clinics in comparison with traditional individual appointments.

METHODS:

Patients with a new diagnosis of CD, confirmed histologically, were prospectively recruited over 18 months in Sheffield, United Kingdom. Patients received either a group clinic or traditional one-to-one appointment, led by a dietitian. Quality-of-life questionnaires were completed at baseline, as well as biochemical parameters being recorded. Patients were followed up at 3 months, where adherence scores were assessed as well as biochemical parameters and quality of life questionnaires being completed.

RESULTS:

Sixty patients with CD were prospectively recruited and received either an individual (n = 30) or group clinic (n = 30). A statistically significant reduction in tissue transglutaminase was noted following group clinics (mean 58.5, SD 43.4 U/mL vs mean 13.2, SD 5.7 U/mL, P < 0.01). No significant differences in baseline and follow-up biochemical parameters between one-to-one and group clinics were noted. At follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between mean gluten-free diet adherence scores (mean 3.1, SD 0.4 vs mean 3.1, SD 0.7, P = 0.66) between one-to-one and group clinics.

DISCUSSION:

This first study assessing group clinics in CD demonstrates they are as effective as traditional one-to-one clinics, with the added benefits of peer support and greater efficiency, with an estimated 54% reduction of dietetic resources.
Syariah Compliance Stock: Current Issues and The Way Forward
Authors: Afandi M. Yazid
Published: January 2020

Shariah compliance stock shows promising growth in Islamic finance industrty in the last three decades. It can be seen from the number of company listed in the Islamic capital market, issued by shariah committe. To be categorized as shariah compliance stock, stock screening will be conducted in ensuring that all company activities comply to shariah standard. The objective of this paper is to describe the shariah standar of stock screening in accordance with fiqh concept. In addition, this paper also illusterate some practice of stock screening in many countries. By conducting library research, this study found that shariah standard applied in stock screening is fully based on shariah and doesnt contravene with fiqh concept. Moreover, the practice of stock screening, still shows some differences which is affected by the difference of Islamic finance model.
Zakah Fund Distribution Model Trough Takaful Institution for The Welfare of The Poor Farmer
Authors: Puspitasari Intan , Fauziyyah Neneng Ela , Salam Annisa Nur
Published: January 2020

Various poverty alleviation programs are always launched by the government from year to year. But it is not able to change the state of this country to become more self-sufficient and prosperous. If explored further, the majority of people classified as poor are working as farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to alleviate poverty policy that focuses on the welfare of farmers. So that when the policy is successfully realized, the majority of the poor in Indonesia will be able to independently through the development of the agricultural sector. One of the problems faced by farmers is weak stimulus funds from financial institutions. Due to the agriculture sector is seen as high risk, the financial institutions tend to feel worried if that financing for the sector. In anticipation of losses on crop failure, it is important applied an insurance that serves to protect the farm. So that financial institutions have the courage to do the financing for the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, zakat is one of the Islamic public financial instruments with the potential to be developed. Zakat funds channeled to 8 asnaf, including for the poor. So, it is possible if the charity can be used as agricultural insurance fund for farmers who are poor. Based on the explanation, this paper is intended to offer a model of the distribution of zakat to the poor farmers through takaful. The hope when this model is applied, will invite many financial institutions in stimulating agricultural business funds. The final implications are the farmers’ productivity increased and the quantity of the poor in Indonesia will be reduced.
COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY AND MODELLING OF ISLAMIC BANKS AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ramly Ar Royyan
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the efficiency comparison between Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia in 2012-2014. The data in this study were chosen through purposive sampling from 20 Islamic banks and conventional banks in Indonesia. The method used in this study is non-parametric approach with data envelopment analysis (DEA) whereas input and output variables are treated in intermediary function. The input variables are total asset, total saving (third party fund), and price of labor while the output variables are total financing (loans) and total operational expenses. To measure the efficiency level of Islamic banks and conventional banks the independent sample t test is used.The result of the study shows that there is no significant difference of efficiency between Islamic banking and conventional banking in 2014 because of the significant value (2-tailed) only at 0.537 where P-value is higher than α=0.05 Ha is refused. There is no difference of efficiency between Islamic banks and conventional banks in efficiency scale (ES). The empirical factors that affect Islamic banks and Conventional banks efficiency are ROA, CAR, and FDR variables. On the other hand, NPF results insignificantly and affects negatively towards Islamic banks efficiency. Lastly, ROA, NPL, LDR, and CAR had significantly affected Conventional banks efficiency in Indonesia from 2012 to 2014.
Does Finance Access Matters for Children? An Evidence Form Indonesia Family Life Survey 5 and 4
Authors: Sekaringsih Riswanti Budi
Published: January 2020

As explained in the declaration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in January 2016, two of the achievements are good health and wellbeing and quality education. Households as one of the drivers of the economy, household should be able to improve this achievement. Because There are two kinds of household’s outcome such as; child health and child education. One of the factors that influence this outcome is household financial access. A household who had better access on finance was more sustain than the other. This study aims to examine the impact of household financial acces on child education and child health. Source of data that used is Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS/SAKERTI) year 2014 and 2007. The recognition that finance access is an input in a household's production function has major implications for development. It suggests that the acquisition of human capital and the establishment of a physical infrastructure needs to be complemented by human investment the estimation is done in three ways; pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect. The result shows that finance access matters for child health, specially the availability of BRI and BMT in village. And for child education, finance access specially the availability of BRI and BMT in village have positive impact for child education.
Zakat Fund As The Starting Point Of Entrepreneurship In Order to Alleviate Poverty (SDGs Issue)
Authors: Harahap Lily Rahmawati
Published: January 2020

As known, Indonesia is a nation with the largerst Moslem society in the world. According to data issued by Bappenas, in 2020 the population of Indonesia is predicted about 271,066,400 people (Bappenas: 2018). 85 percent of this population (ca. 230.406.440 people) are Moslems. It shows the huge potential in the acceptance of zakat fund, as an obligation for a Moslem who has qualified in accordance with the provisions of Islam.            Since MDGs declared in 2000 (UNRC: 2008) which contains a commitment to accelerate human development and poverty alleviation (8 goals),  Indonesia has a strong commitment to achieve the MDGs targets became one of Indonesia’s main priorities. As a continuation of the MDGs program, in 2015, more than 190 world leaders committed to 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Indonesia, 17 SDGs are grouped into 4 part, one of them is poverty alleviation (UNDP Indonesia: 2018). One of the goals for poverty alleviation is explained with the goal number 8, that is decent work and economic growth. And one of the drivers the existence of decent work and economic growth is the growth of entrepreneurship activities.The growth of entrepreneurship can be implemented with the support of funds. One of them come from the distribution of zakat fund acceptance.            By terminology, zakat means a certain amount of property that is required by Allah SWT to be given to the mustahik mentioned in the Qur’an. Or it could also mean a certain amount of certain property given to a particular person (Solihin: 2010). There is a fund transfer from muzaki (zakat payer) to mustahik (zakat recipient).With the transfer of funds, there is an expectation that there will be a better life change for mustahik, so that in time they will be becomes muzaki.This activity is expected to occur continously, forming a circle of increasing goodness. And ultimately will improve society wellbeing.            To support this paper, the author use a qualitative methods with secondary datas and supported by Tawhidi String Relation (TSR) theory which includes the method of circular causation and IIE (interaction, integration and evolution) method. Keywords : zakat, entrepreneurship, poverty alleviation, SDGs, TSR
Factors Influence Intention to Opt for Islamic Investment Schemes among Market Players
Authors: Abduh Muhammad , Hussin Tuan Muhd Taufik Tuan
Published: January 2020

Employing theory of reasoned action with religiosity as its additional construct in the model, this paper is aimed at examining factors influence the intention of investors to opt Islamic investment schemes in Malaysia Islamic capital markets. As many as 120 questionnaires were collected from market players in Bursa Malaysia using online survey. Afterwards, the data collected were analyzed using structural equation model to reveal the relationship of variables tested in the proposed model. The result shows that religiosity and subjective norms appeared to be the significant factors affecting intention to choose Islamic investment schemes in Malaysia Islamic capital markets. Interestingly, despite its significant role shown in previous studies, this study has shown insignificant level of the attitude in predicting the intention behavior. The managerial implications are discussed in this paper.
Measuring The Efficiency of Pesantren Cooperatives: Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Solihah Sari , Rusydiana Aam S.
Published: January 2020

The Cooperative (Koperasi) as a non-Bank financial institution has the purpose of improving the welfare of its members as Koperasi Hidmat  and  the staffs of Latifah Mubarokiyah Koperasi Ponses Suryalaya  that have been since decades ago. Over time, the ideal cooperative can show a significant development and increase the welfare of its members. This study aims to determine the efficiency of cooperative as a benchmark, because by known the performance value of a cooperation, it will known the weeknesses and advantages so that it can be improved the weaknesses and maintain the advantages.The method used is apply Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Inputs used from principal savings, mandatory savings, and fixed assets while the output used from savings in the cooperative, savings in other cooperative and SHU. As for result of this research indicates there are 9 perfect efficient DMUs (100 %) and inefficient DMU is 11 DMUs, consisting of 7 (IRS conditions) and 4  (DRS condition). The most inefficient cooperative is Koperasi Hidmat (2014) of 30.66% efficiency level.Kopkar IAILM is able to maintain its grade efficiency level from 2009 to 2015 when compared to other DMUs cooperatives in the observation, except in 2014. The calculation of efficiency level in this research is relative and it is not absolute, so that it is possible when the cooperative sample is added or the observation year is expanded, so it will get different result. The necessity of any cooperative or BMT based on Pondok Pesantren to make annual financial statements in order to increase accountability and transparency  of fund management.
Pesantren Online: Pergeseran Otoritas Keagamaan di Dunia Maya
Authors: Qudsy Saifuddin Zuhri
Published: January 2020

Dunia online telah banyak mengakibatkan disrupsi dalam berbagai lini kehidupan masyarakat dan institusi-nya, tak terkecuali pesantren. Institusi keagamaan yang eksis dan tertua di Indonesia ini kemudian mengalami redefinisi makna ketika dihadapkan dengan kata online. Pesantren online menjadi arus baru yang mengubah persepsi masyarakat mengenai pesantren. Sebagai satu tempat belajar agama, pesantren online, dalam kasus ini, pesantrenvirtual.com mencoba memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat maya atas pencarian problem-problem keagamaan. Tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa kebutuhan manusia untuk mendapatkan informasi yang cepat dan instan mengenai tema-tema keagamaan telah membuat para religious surfers’ menjadikan situs online keagamaan, seperti pesantrenvirtual.com menjadi tempat untuk menyelesaikan kegalauan yang sedang melanda mereka.
Penggunaan Hadis Dalam Fatwa MUI Tentang Pluralisme: Telaah Kritis
Authors: Garwan Muhammad Sakti
Published: January 2020

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi lebih dalam perihal makna dan eksistensi hadis dalam fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) tentang liberalisme. Pentingnya memotret hadis dalam fatwa tersebut karena hadis tidak semata berada pada dimensi sumber hukum dalam menetapkan suatu fatwa, tetapi dari hadis tercermin arah arus utama gagasan yang dibangun oleh MUI tentang agama. Posisi sentral MUI membentuk persepsi otoritas tentang kebenaran agama yang ditawarkan kepada masyarakat. Pada saat yang sama, paradigm religio-sentrisme MUI tampaknya masih menjadi beban berat bagi lembaga tersebut untuk mennghadirkan fatwa-fatwa yang lebih inklusif. Hal itu tercermin dari pakem-pakem ketat yang diunggah untuk membangun kriteria hadis.
Feminist disability studies vs discrimination of women with disabilities
Authors: KASPRZAK TOMASZ
Published: January 2020

Tomasz Kasprzak, Feminist disability studies vs discrimination of women with disabilities. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019.Pp. 127-138. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi. org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.07

Disabled women are often treated as if they were deprived of feelings or desires.They are exposed to discrimination not only because of disability, but also because of gender (multiple discrimination). Feminist disability studies are an interdisciplinary field of research into the socio-political situation of women with disabilities.
Communication and functioning of pupils with autism in public school three case studies
Authors: ZAJĄC EWELINA
Published: January 2020

Ewelina Zając, Communication and functioning of pupils with autism in public school – three case studies. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy,no. 24, Poznań 2019. Pp. 139-153. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.08

The purpose of this article is to characterize the means of communication of three autistic pupils with their teachers and peers as well as their daily functioning in the community of one of the public schools located in the Wielkopolska region of Poland.
Application of the Three Aspects of Form model in pedagogical diagnosis
Authors: TROCHIMIAK BARBARA
Published: January 2020

Barbara Trochimiak, Application of the Three Aspects of Form model in pedagogical diagnosis. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019.Pp. 189-210. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.11

The article presents a model of conducting activities in pedagogical diagnostics in accordance with the assumptions of the author’s method, called Three Aspects of Form (TAF). The concept expands the paradigm of diagnostic activities with therapeutic elements. Universal analytical categories for use in the study of processes with active human involvement are described. The most important element of the TAF model is discussed – a set of four tasks for the pedagogue-diagnostician, under which a simplified version of the first stage of didactic therapy is implemented. The idea of categorical trio-action as a foundation of the Three Aspects of Form of method, its relation to the creation of cultural and mental development are also presented. The scales of phenomenological, missionary and cultural activity as well as the principles of their modification are presented as well.
Two Geometrical Models for Pixelism
Authors: Patrone Fabio
Published: January 2020

Pixelism is the combination of three metaphysical thesis, namely a radical form of exdurantism, mereological nihilism and counterpart theory. Pixelism is a theory that evaluates all the metaphysical phenomena of persistence, composition and modality in a homogeneous and consistent manner. In a pixel world, there is no identity over time and over possible worlds and nothing persists over more than an instant or a world. Entities can be univocally identified by a five-coordinates system (the three spatial dimensions, the temporal one and the possible worlds), and their relation is a counterpart relation both in different worlds and at different times or different regions of space. In this paper I will provide two models for pixelism: the first one takes pixels to be hypercubes, i. e. four-dimensional cubes, the acceptance of which is conditional on the acceptance of extended simples. The second one considers pixels as points in a four-dimensional space.
Effects of Hypohydration on Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Power in Women
Authors: Gann Joshua J. , Andre Thomas L. , Gallucci Andrew R. , Willoughby Darryn S.
Published: January 2020

Gann, JJ, Andre, TL, Gallucci, AR, and Willoughby, DS. Effects of hypohydration on muscular strength, endurance, and power in women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S102–S106, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dehydration on muscular strength, endurance, power, and perceptual measures in resistance-trained women. Ten resistance-trained women completed 2 bouts of exercise (1 repetition maximum [1RM] for bench press and angled leg press followed by 5 sets to failure of 75% of 1RM and vertical jump), either dehydrated (∼3% body mass) (DT) or heat-exposed with fluid replacement (HT). Paired t-tests revealed bench press 1RM was significantly lower for DT (42.7 ± 14.5 kg) compared with HT (44.1 ± 13.9 kg). No significant difference was found for leg press 1RM (DT = 216.1 ± 55.0 kg; HT = 223.4 ± 55.7 kg). There was also no difference in total reps completed for bench press (DT = 33.5 ± 5.0; HT = 33.0 ± 5.5) or leg press (DT = 42.6 ± 20.3; HT = 45.8 ± 19.7). There was no significant difference for vertical jump height (DT: 45.8 ± 5.2 cm, HT: 46.9 ± 6.0 cm). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and session RPE were not significantly different between trials. Significant differences for perceived recovery status (DT: 5.1 ± 2.2, HT: 7.2 ± 1.1) and perceived readiness (DT: 4.2 ± 1.0, HT: 2.5 ± 0.5) indicate subjects expected impaired performance during DT. The current results suggest that previous night dehydration may have a negative impact on both bench press 1RM performance and perceptual feelings of recovery in resistance-trained women.
Visuoauditory Associative Memory Established with Cholecystokinin Under Anesthesia Is Retrieved in Behavioral Contexts
Authors: Zhang Zicong , Zheng Xuejiao , Sun Wenjian , Peng Yujie , Guo Yiping , Lu Danyi , Zheng Yilin , Li Xiao , Jendrichovsky Peter , Tang Peng , He Ling , Li Min , Liu Qing , Xu Fuqiang , Ng Gabriel , Chen Xi , He Jufang
Published: January 2020

Plastic change in neuronal connectivity is the foundation of memory encoding. It is not clear whether the changes during anesthesia can alter subsequent behavior. Here, we demonstrated that in male rodents under anesthesia, a visual stimulus (VS) was associated with electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex or natural auditory stimulus in the presence of cholecystokinin (CCK), which guided the animals' behavior in a two-choice auditory task. Auditory neurons became responsive to the VS after the pairings. Moreover, high-frequency stimulation of axon terminals of entorhinal CCK neurons in the auditory cortex enabled LTP of the visual response in the auditory cortex. Such pairing during anesthesia also generated VS-induced freezing in an auditory fear conditioning task. Finally, we verified that direct inputs from the entorhinal CCK neurons and the visual cortex enabled the above neural plasticity in the auditory cortex. Our findings suggest that CCK-enabled visuoauditory association during anesthesia can be translated to the subsequent behavior action.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur study provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that cholecystokinin plays an essential role in the formation of cross-modal associative memory. Moreover, we demonstrated that an entorhinal–neocortical circuit underlies such neural plasticity, which will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of memory formation and retrieval in the brain.
The Mitochondria-Derived Peptide Humanin Improves Recovery from Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Implication of Mitochondria Transfer and Microglia Phenotype Change
Authors: Jung Joo Eun , Sun Guanghua , Bautista Garrido Jesus , Obertas Lidiya , Mobley Alexis S. , Ting Shun-Ming , Zhao Xiurong , Aronowski Jaroslaw
Published: January 2020

Astrocytes are an integral component of the neurovascular unit where they act as homeostatic regulators, especially after brain injuries, such as stroke. One process by which astrocytes modulate homeostasis is the release of functional mitochondria (Mt) that are taken up by other cells to improve their function. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of Mt transfer are unclear and likely multifactorial. Using a cell culture system, we established that astrocytes release both intact Mt and humanin (HN), a small bioactive peptide normally transcribed from the Mt genome. Further experiments revealed that astrocyte-secreted Mt enter microglia, where they induce HN expression. Similar to the effect of HN alone, incorporation of Mt by microglia (1) upregulated expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its target genes (including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase), (2) enhanced phagocytic activity toward red blood cells (anin vitromodel of hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH]), and (3) reduced proinflammatory responses. ICH induction in male mice caused profound HN loss in the affected hemisphere. Intravenously administered HN penetrated perihematoma brain tissue, reduced neurological deficits, and improved hematoma clearance, a function that normally requires microglia/macrophages. This study suggests that astrocytic Mt-derived HN could act as a beneficial secretory factor, including when transported within Mt to microglia, where it promotes a phagocytic/reparative phenotype. These findings also indicate that restoring HN levels in the injured brain could represent a translational target for ICH. These favorable biological responses to HN warrant studies on HN as therapeutic target for ICH.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytes secrete mitochondria (Mt) and the Mt-genome-encoded, small bioactive peptide humanin (HN). Mt incorporate into microglia, and both Mt and HN promote a “reparative” microglia phenotype characterized by enhanced phagocytosis and reduced proinflammatory responses. Treatment with HN improved outcomes in an animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage, suggesting that this process could have biological relevance to stroke pathogenesis.
New Roles for the Heterochronic Transcription Factor LIN-29 in Cuticle Maintenance and Lipid Metabolism at the Larval-to-Adult Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Abete-Luzi Patricia , Fukushige Tetsunari , Yun Sijung , Krause Michael W , Eisenmann David M
Published: January 2020

Temporal regulation of gene expression is a crucial aspect of metazoan development. In the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, the heterochronic pathway controls multiple developmental events in a time-specific manner. The most downstream effector of this pathway, the zinc-finger transcription factor LIN-29, acts in the last larval stage (L4) to regulate elements of the larval-to-adult switch. Here, we explore new LIN-29 targets and their implications for this developmental transition. We used RNA-sequencing to identify genes differentially expressed between animals misexpressing LIN-29 at an early time point and control animals. Among 230 LIN-29-activated genes, we found that genes encoding cuticle collagens were overrepresented. Interestingly, expression of lin-29 and some of these collagens was increased in adults with cuticle damage, suggesting a previously unknown function for LIN-29 in adult cuticle maintenance. On the other hand, genes involved in fat metabolism were enriched among 350 LIN-29-downregulated targets. We used mass spectrometry to assay lipid content in animals overexpressing LIN-29 and observed reduced fatty acid levels. Many LIN-29-repressed genes are normally expressed in the intestine, suggesting cell-nonautonomous regulation. We identified several LIN-29 upregulated genes encoding signaling molecules that may act as mediators in the regulation of intestinally expressed genes encoding fat metabolic enzymes and vitellogenins. Overall, our results support the model of LIN-29 as a major regulator of adult cuticle synthesis and integrity, and as the trigger for metabolic changes that take place at the important transition from rapid growth during larval life to slower growth and offspring production during adulthood.
Por una economía orientada hacia la reproducción de la vida
Authors: Hinkelammert Franz J. , Mora Jiménez Henry
Published: January 2020

Este artículo explora la necesidad y la posibilidad de construir un tipo de racionalidad que trascienda, sin pretender eliminar, la racionalidad instrumental. Esta otra racionalidad no se basa en las preferencias del consumidor, sino en las necesidades de las personas; no en los cálculos económicos, sino en la ética del bien común que permiten la preservación y reproducción del circuito natural de la vida humana y de la naturaleza. También se sugiere que, con el fin de alcanzar esta racionalidad, es necesaria una crítica de la lógica del fetichismo de la empiria, es decir, una crítica de esa imagen ficticia de la realidad constituida únicamente por las relaciones de mercado. Todo esto en relación con elaborar una respuesta a la pregunta de cuál es la mejor sociedad posible.
Modelo Hidrológico Híbrido para Previsão de Vazões na Bacia do Rio Piracicaba-MG
Authors: Uliana Eduardo Morgan , Silva Demetrius David da , Moreira Michel Castro , Pereira Donizete dos Reis , Almeida Frederico Terra de
Published: January 2020

Resumo Os modelos hidrológicos conceituais e as Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) podem ser associados, caracterizando uma conformação híbrida que represente, ao mesmo tempo, os processos conceituais e não lineares relacionados ao escoamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização das RNAs combinadas aos modelos hidrológicos conceituais IPH II e SAC-SMA, de forma a obter um modelo híbrido para estimativa de vazões dos cursos de água da bacia do rio Piracicaba-MG. Como dados de entrada das RNAs foram utilizadas as vazões estimadas com os modelos IPH II e SAC-SMA e como paradigma neural foi empregado o Perceptron de múltiplas camadas. Para o treinamento e a validação das RNAs foram utilizados dados de estações pluviométricas, fluviométricas e meteorológica localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba e no seu entorno. A fim de se verificar o desempenho dos modelos híbridos na estimativa das vazões da bacia do rio Piracicaba, as vazões estimadas por esses modelos foram comparadas com as vazões medidas nas estações fluviométricas utilizando-se o erro absoluto médio (MAE); a raiz do erro quadrático médio (RMSE); o viés; o índice de concordância de Willmott (d); e o índice de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe (ENS). A utilização das vazões preditas pelo modelo IPH II como dado de entrada das RNAs aumentou a acurácia das estimativas das vazões visto que o erro do modelo híbrido ficou menor. Já a associação das RNAs com o modelo SAC-SMA não proporcionou melhoria das estimativas quando comparada aos resultados advindos da aplicação isolada do referido modelo. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a associação das RNAs com o modelo hidrológico IPH II, caracterizando uma conformação híbrida, permitiu melhorar as estimativas das vazões diárias na bacia do rio Piracicaba e que a qualidade das estimativas do modelo híbrido depende do modelo conceitual utilizado. Detectou-se, ainda, que os modelos híbridos tiveram melhor desempenho na estimativa das vazões associadas às maiores áreas de drenagem da bacia do rio Piracicaba.