bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional knowledge economies and global innovation networks – the case of Southeast Asia
Authors: Degelsegger-Márquez Alexander , Remøe Svend Otto , Trienes Rudie
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the prospects of a Southeast Asian knowledge economy in light of regional integration processes and the participation of Southeast Asia in global innovation networks.

Design/methodology/approach

The evidence base is a combination of quantitative data on R&D investments, patent applications and publications, with qualitative data from 40 semi-structured expert interviews conducted with innovation experts, research managers and policymakers in six ASEAN Member States.

Findings

Despite economic growth and increases in R&D inputs and outputs in individual ASEAN Member States, innovation policy at regional ASEAN level remains weak. In addition, the economic integration of the ASEAN Economic Community is progressing slowly. In this environment, evidence is presented for a certain level of regional integration when it comes to the exploitation of knowledge produced within and outside of ASEAN. While a regional market for knowledge exploitation is conceivable, this is not accompanied by the regional integration of knowledge production.

Practical implications

The main practical implication of this argument is the need for ASEAN policymakers to appreciate the disconnection between regional knowledge production and exploitation. This paper offers conceptual tools to engage in ASEAN-level policy discussions on this issue that can help facilitate the best possible regional outcome.

Originality/value

Despite several studies on the ASEAN Economic Community process, there has been no contribution so far that combines a discussion of the economic integration process with a look at the regional knowledge economy and innovation systems. This perspective does not only contribute to innovation systems literature, but also entails important policy lessons.
Markers of the progression of kidney damage analyzed by soft computing approach
Authors: Tasic Danijela
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze markers of the progression of kidney damage by a soft computing approach.

Design/methodology/approach

Because markers of the progression of kidney damage, namely, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and highly sensitive troponin T (cTnhsT), are complex parameters, a soft computing approach was used for the assessment of functional glomerular reserves, through the use of the Modification of the Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula based on serum creatinine and EPI creatinine-cystatin C formula (chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration).

Findings

The soft computing approach was used to detect which factors (PAI-1, IL-8 and cTnhsT) are the most important for the MDRD formula based on serum creatinine or the EPI creatinine–cystatin C formula.

Originality/value

Markers of the progression of kidney damage were analyzed by the soft computing approach.
Exile at home: A matter of being out of place
Authors: Dalsheim Joyce
Published: December 2017

This article employs Hannah Arendt's theorizing about assimilation to consider how sovereign citizens of a nation state might nevertheless experience a sense of exile. It builds on Aziza Khazzoom's notion of a ‘chain of Orientalism’ to suggest that the assimilation of Europe's Jews to Enlightenment ideals has had ongoing repercussions among Jews in the modern state of Israel. The article focuses on what it means to be Jewish in terms of religious observance, and who feels at home in the Jewish state. Employing vignettes from recent ethnographic fieldwork, it raises questions about the modern nation state's capacity to create conditions in which its own ‘people’ can flourish. In this case, Israel has claimed to make it possible for the Jews to flourish, in Arendt's terms, ‘as Jews’, but it is far from clear what ‘as Jews’ would, could or should mean. This leads the author to suggest that Israel has a Jewish problem.
Infrastructures of environmental governance
Authors: Taber Peter
Published: December 2017

To the extent that environmental governance aspires to be based on positive knowledge of what ‘the environment’ consists of and how it functions, programmes of environmental management must find ways to study it. This article draws on scholarship on knowledge infrastructures to examine a trajectory of scientific work in Ecuador focused on biodiversity and the recent uptake of this infrastructure for the study of climate change. When combined with an appreciation for the character of power and knowledge in modern institutions, analyses of experts’ ‘infrastructure work’ elucidate how environmental problems take shape as objects of expert intervention at the level of concrete, technical practices. Incorporating scientific infrastructure within the ambit of environmental anthropology can help us to understand the shape of environmental politics to come.
STR Genotyping from a Dry‐Cleaned Skirt in a Sexual Assault Case
Authors: Ogawa Hisae , Hiroshige Yuuji , Yoshimoto Takashi , Ishii Akira , Yamamoto Toshimichi
Published: December 2017

In this sexual assault case, the standard preliminary semen examinations could not confirm physically or biochemically whether the accused's semen had stained the victim's skirt because the skirt had been dry‐cleaned for stain removal and had been worn for more than a year after the assault. Fortunately, however, a photograph taken just after the assault was found in the court records that showed white stains on the checkered skirt. The locations of the stains were estimated based on the checkered pattern of the fabric, and microscopic examination using Baecchi's staining revealed the presence of spermatozoa. Further analysis indicated the male DNA profile generated from the sperm cells was consistent with the suspect's DNA using three multiplex STR typing systems for a total of 21 autosomal and 17 Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). Ultimately, the result of the DNA profile played a very useful role as additional evidence.
Detection and Identification of Psilocybe cubensis DNA Using a Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction High Resolution Melt Assay,
Authors: Cowan Ashley F. , Elkins Kelly M.
Published: December 2017

Psilocybe cubensis, or “magic mushroom,” is the most common species of fungus with psychedelic characteristics. Two primer sets were designed to target Psilocybe DNA using web‐based software and NBCI gene sequences. DNA was extracted from eighteen samples, including twelve mushroom species, using the Qiagen DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit. The DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primers and a master mix containing either a SYBR® Green I, Radiant™ Green, or LCGreen Plus® intercalating dye; amplicon size was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR assays were tested for amplifiability, specificity, reproducibility, robustness, sensitivity, and multiplexing with primers that target marijuana. The observed high resolution melt (HRM) temperatures for primer sets 1 and 7 were 78.85 ± 0.31°C and 73.22 ± 0.61°C, respectively, using SYBR® Green I dye and 81.67 ± 0.06°C and 76.04 ± 0.11°C, respectively, using Radiant™ Green dye.
‘Seafood from Slaves’: The Pulitzer Prize in the Light of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
Authors: Bonfanti Angelica , Bordignon Marta
Published: December 2017

The present paper aims at analysing the case ‘Seafood from Slaves’ – first published in March 2015 by The Associated Press (AP) – in light of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (hereinafter UNGPs), focusing on both the State duty to protect human rights (HR) and the corporate responsibility to respect HR. As regards the former aspect, the main domestic legal instruments recently adopted and the reaction of the international community to this case will be analysed. As regards the second aspect, according to the UNGPs, corporations have the responsibility to respect human rights throughout their operations and their value chains. Some lawsuits involving seafood suppliers especially in the US and UK will be considered, as well as the main actions carried out by all the relevant stakeholders, in order to comply with the UNGPs and the national provisions on a transparent and sustainable supply chain. Having focused on the most critical issues, the authors aim at assessing whether the measures taken by the involved corporations and States are either adequate or insufficient to grant consistency with the principles enshrined in the UNGPs. In this latter case the authors will submit suggestions and recommendations.
Carnelian, agate, and other types of chalcedony: the prehistory of Jebel al‐Ma'taradh and its semi‐precious stones, Emirate of Ra's al‐Khaimah
Authors: Charpentier Vincent , Brunet Olivier , Méry Sophie , Velde Christian
Published: December 2017

The Jebel al‐Ma'taradh and its surroundings contain exceptional deposits of lithic raw materials, including flint and chert, but especially chalcedony, agate, carnelian, and chrysoprase. These deposits were intensively exploited during the Neolithic, and some of the artefacts produced entered the trade network that included settlements on the coast and inland, sometimes as far as 300 km. During earlier periods, probably as early as the Pleistocene, only flint was used. Between the sixth and the fourth millennia, carnelian and agate were exploited to make beads, which are found in the necropolises and settlements of the UAE.
An early Christian Arabic graffito mentioning ‘Yazīd the king’
Authors: al‐Shdaifat Younis , Al‐Jallad Ahmad , al‐Salameen Zeyad , Harahsheh Rafe
Published: December 2017

This article is an edition and commentary on an early Christian Arabic inscription discovered near Qaṣr Burquʿ in northeastern Jordan. The text mentions a certain yzydw ʾl‐mlk ‘Yazid the king’ and could date to the sixth or seventh century. We discuss the text's palaeography, its relevance for the history of the Arabic script, and attempt to identify the historical figure to which it refers.
The genetic diversity and population structures of indigenous pig breeds in Zhejiang Province revealed by GGRS sequencing
Authors: Chen J. , Peng J. , Xiao Q. , Pan Y. , Zhang X. , Lo L. J. , Xu N.
Published: December 2017

Chinese indigenous pigs in Zhejiang Province are well known for their high fecundity. In order to verify breed subdivision at the genomic level, we investigated genetic diversity and population structure of seven breeds and made comparisons with three Western pig breeds using next‐generation sequencing data. Parameters obtained from allelic richness and proportion of polymorphic markers indicated that the genetic diversity of the Chinese indigenous pigs was higher than that of the Western pigs, with the highest and lowest values found in the Chaluand and the Landrace pigs respectively. Both neighbor‐joining tree and principal components analysis could distinguish breeds from one another and structure analysis showed less differentiation among Western pigs than among the Chinese pigs. The average linkage disequilibrium decay over distance was significantly less in the Chinese pigs compared with the Western pigs, ranging from 188.2 to 280.6 kb for the Chinese pigs and 680.3 to 752.8 kb for the Western breeds and showing an average r2 threshold value of 0.3. Results obtained from high‐density SNP comparison over the whole genome on genetic diversity and population structure were in agreement with the current breed classification of the pigs in Zhejiang Province. More importantly, the results presented here advances our current understanding of the genomic biology of Chinese indigenous pigs in Zhejiang Province and allows for implementation of conservation strategies in additional breeds.
Beak and feather disease virus carriage by Knemidocoptes pilae in a sulphur‐crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)
Authors: Portas T , Jackson B , Das S , Shamsi S , Raidal SR
Published: December 2017

Background

This paper describes the pathology associated with psittacine beak and feather disease in a wild sulphur‐crested cockatoo with concurrent knemidocoptic mange, cestodiasis and mycotic encephalitis.

Methods & Results

Large numbers of Knemidocoptes pilae Lavoipierre and Griffiths, 1951 (Acari: Epidermoptidae, Knemidokoptinae) were identified in affected skin associated with enhanced expression of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) determined by immunohistochemistry. Also, BFDV antigen was demonstrated in high concentration in the gut and faecal sacs of mites, raising the possibility of ectoparasites as fomites and vectors of BFDV transmission. Large numbers of Raillietina spp. cestodes were present in the intestines. Within the brain there was a focally extensive region of necrosis and inflammation associated with branching, septate, pigmented hyphae consistent with zygomycete fungal infection.

Conclusion

This case highlights the potential immunosuppressive effects of BFDV infection and its potential as a keystone pathogen in the Australian environment.
A risk score including microdeletions improves relapse prediction for standard and medium risk precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children
Authors: Sutton Rosemary , Venn Nicola C. , Law Tamara , Boer Judith M. , Trahair Toby N. , Ng Anthea , Den Boer Monique L. , Dissanayake Anuruddhika , Giles Jodie E. , Dalzell Pauline , Mayoh Chelsea , Barbaric Draga , Revesz Tamas , Alvaro Frank , Pieters Rob , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray D. , Schrappe Martin , Dalla Pozza Luciano , Marshall Glenn M
Published: December 2017

To prevent relapse, high risk paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is treated very intensively. However, most patients who eventually relapse have standard or medium risk ALL with low minimal residual disease (MRD) levels. We analysed recurrent microdeletions and other clinical prognostic factors in a cohort of 475 uniformly treated non‐high risk precursor B‐cell ALL patients with the aim of better predicting relapse and refining risk stratification. Lower relapse‐free survival at 7 years (RFS) was associated with IKZF1 intragenic deletions (P < 0·0001); P2RY8‐CRLF2 gene fusion (P < 0·0004); Day 33 MRD>5 × 10−5 (P < 0·0001) and High National Cancer Institute (NCI) risk (P < 0·0001). We created a predictive model based on a risk score (RS) for deletions, MRD and NCI risk, extending from an RS of 0 (RS0) for patients with no unfavourable factors to RS2 +  for patients with 2 or 3 high risk factors. RS0, RS1, and RS2 +  groups had RFS of 93%, 78% and 49%, respectively, and overall survival (OS) of 99%, 91% and 71%. The RS provided greater discrimination than MRD‐based risk stratification into standard (89% RFS, 96% OS) and medium risk groups (79% RFS, 91% OS). We conclude that this RS may enable better early therapeutic stratification and thus improve cure rates for childhood ALL.
Information governance in digitized public administration
Authors: Brown David C. G. , Toze Sandra
Published: December 2017

As the public sector increasingly transforms itself and its processes through digital technologies, information—the prime resource—the governance of information, and the need for advanced information skills, have moved to centre stage. Information governance processes form a critical bridge between the legacy systems of the past and the agile and mobile platforms of the future. Describing the forces at play, which include new information formats, modes of transmission and uses but also new skills and governance requirements, this article proposes an information governance‐centred research agenda. Considering information governance through a holistic lens is essential to ensure that the new possibilities available through technology can be leveraged to transform government, while government information itself is preserved as the essential tool for current and future government decision‐making, as a critical service to the public, as public memory, and as the foundation for public sector accountability and transparency.
A historical perspective on milestones in multiple myeloma research
Authors: Ribatti Domenico
Published: December 2017

The first well‐documented case of multiple myeloma was reported in 1844 by Samuel Solly. In this article, the author presents a historical review of the disease. In particular, the review is focused on the main steps, including the definition of Bence Jones proteinuria, the characterization of tumoral plasma cells and serum globulins, and the fundamental contribution of Jan Waldenstrom. Finally, treatment of multiple myeloma, as well as the development of new agents, is discussed.
A curtain of gloom is descending on the continent: Capitalism, democracy and Europe
Authors: Brunkhorst Hauke
Published: December 2017

The democratic and social states of the EU (together with other OECD countries) have transformed capitalism. This was also due not only to national but also to the impressive advances of transnational constitutionalism. Great parts of the means of production have been socialised or partly socialised. Finally, the democratic and social states of Europe did not turn to socialism, but became a new formation of democracy with socialist characteristics, and that for the time being was the only formation of modern democracy that ever worked. However, democratic social welfare capitalism has suffered from two problems: secular stagnation and horizontal exclusion. Aggressive neoliberalism, politically and theoretically well prepared, took its chance and changed the direction of the evolution of world society. The last 40 years witnessed a great transformation from full‐fledged market‐controlling democracy to market‐conforming post‐democracy. However, in Europe, political alternatives between social and neoliberal models remained open until the establishment of a common currency without legislator and government, which had the unintended effect of excluding all alternatives to neoliberalism once it was established under the rule of competition law that became the substantial (factual) constitution of Europe. The global economic crisis of 2008 caused a state of permanent crises in Europe, which at present are managed by an ever more exceptional regime of technocrats and experts. It would seem that either democracy comes to an end in Europe and in all of its Member States or Europe becomes the first transnational regime that is not less but more democratic and social than its former Member States.
All Hands on Deck: Research Needed to Examine the Educator Shortage in Family and Consumer Sciences
Authors: Duncan Janine , Werhan Carol R. , Bergh Karen
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this article was to present the current status of the Family and Consumer Science (FCS) educator shortage and the “Say Yes to FCS” national initiative to recruit FCS educators. Explaining the educator shortage contextually by exploring issues and trends over time, highlights the backdrop against which the current educator recruitment initiative coalesced. Emergent findings from the Say Yes initiative demonstrate a few important points: (i) comprehensive data collection at the state and federal level is needed, beginning with counting students and teachers, (ii) there is a need to work across all practice settings and with all professionals, including secondary teachers, to address the shortage, (iii) the shortage of postsecondary FCS teacher education programs and faculty likely contribute to a shortage of researchers dedicated to this issue, and (iv) there is a need to garner support from content area researchers to document the impact FCS education has on individual, family, and community outcomes. Developing a strategic research collaborative across content and practice settings—an “all hands on deck” approach—has the potential to affirm the relevance of FCS education to the wellbeing of individuals, families, and communities, and it could also serve to strengthen the pipeline for future FCS educators and researchers, alike.
Pond permanence is a key determinant of aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure in wetlands
Authors: Gleason Jennifer E. , Rooney Rebecca C.
Published: December 2017

Globally, many aquatic ecosystems experience periodic desiccation that imposes stress on biota. The Northern Prairie Pothole Region (NPPR) in Alberta, Canada, contains abundant wetlands that fill with spring snowmelt and then draw down throughout the summer. They are often assigned a pond‐permanence class based on the duration of ponded water.

These dynamic wetlands are home to diverse and productive communities of macroinvertebrates. We expected that pond permanence structures macroinvertebrate communities in NPPR wetlands. In addition to exploring the taxonomic composition of macroinvertebrate communities, we aimed to characterise these communities by functional groups to test for associations between pond permanence and desiccation strategies, feeding groups or behavioural guilds.

We sampled aquatic macroinvertebrates from 87 wetlands in the NPPR that spanned a range of pond‐permanence classes. We identified macroinvertebrates to the lowest practical taxonomic level, usually family. We then performed multivariate analyses (multiresponse permutation procedures, non‐metric multidimensional scaling) to identify differences in community composition and functional groups among permanence classes.

Community composition of macroinvertebrates was statistically distinct among pond‐permanence classes, with the extremes of temporarily‐ and permanently‐ ponded wetlands differing most. Notably, macroinvertebrates in temporarily‐ ponded wetlands were not unique taxa specially adapted to low‐permanence wetlands, but rather a subset of the community found in more permanent wetlands. In other words, macroinvertebrates at the family level exhibit a nested pattern of diversity best predicted by the permanence of ponded water in wetlands.
Direct Conservative Domain in the Continuous Galerkin Method for Groundwater Models
Authors: Wu Qiang , Zhao Yingwang , Lin Yu‐Feng F. , Xu Hua , Zhang Hanxiong
Published: December 2017

The continuous Galerkin finite element method is commonly considered locally nonconservative because a single element with fluxes computed directly from its potential distribution is unable to conserve its mass and fluxes across edges that are discontinuous. Some literature sources have demonstrated that the continuous Galerkin method can be locally conservative with postprocessed fluxes. This paper proposes the concept of a direct conservative domain (DCD), which could conserve mass when fluxes are computed directly from the potential distribution. Also presented here is a method for modifying the advection fluxes to obtain different conservative domains from the DCDs. Furthermore, DCDs are used to analyze the local conservation of several postprocessing algorithms, for which DCDs provide the theoretical basis. The local conservation of DCDs and the proposed method are illustrated and verified by using a hypothetical 2‐D model.
Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention
Authors: Serena M. , Schiavon M. , Sallenave R. , Leinauer B.
Published: December 2017

A 3‐year study was conducted at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, NM, to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on turf performance when water conservation strategies are applied. These strategies include the use of non‐potable saline irrigation water and the use of efficient subsurface irrigation systems. Two low water use warm‐season grasses, “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and “Sea Spray” seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz), were irrigated with either potable [Electrical Conductivity (EC) = 0.6 dS/m] or saline (EC = 3.1 dS/m) water from either an overhead or a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system. Four different fertilizers, liquid slow release, granular slow release, granular urea and liquid urea, were applied at two rates: 10 and 20 g N m−2 year−1 for “Sea Spray” and 20 and 30 g N m−2 year−1 for “Princess 77.” Spring green‐up, summer quality and fall colour retention were determined using digital image analysis, visual quality ratings and normalized difference vegetation index. Generally, subsurface drip‐irrigated grasses were slower to green‐up than overhead irrigated ones. “Sea Spray” irrigated from the SDI system took 18, 28 and 15 days longer to reach 80% green cover in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, than their sprinkler‐irrigated counterparts. The combination of “Princess 77” and overhead irrigation reached 80% green cover 35 (in 2010), 34 (in 2011) and 12 (in 2012) days faster than SDI‐irrigated “Princess 77.” Fertilization rate and type had no effect on summer turfgrass quality of “Princess 77” irrigated from a sprinkler system throughout the research period reaching ratings of greater than 7 during all 3 years. Similar results were observed for “Princess 77” irrigated from a SDI system during 2010 and 2011. Summer quality of sprinkler‐irrigated “Sea Spray” was negatively affected by liquid fertilization. During two of three summers, visual quality of plots fertilized with either liquid slow release or liquid urea was lower than “Sea Spray” fertilized with granular fertilizer. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of fertilization on bermudagrass and seashore paspalum over a wider nitrogen range including both granular and foliar products.
Rapid nongenomic modulation by neurosteroids of dendritic spines in the hippocampus: Androgen, oestrogen and corticosteroid
Authors: Murakami G. , Hojo Y. , Kato A. , Komatsuzaki Y. , Horie S. , Soma M. , Kim J. , Kawato S.
Published: December 2017

Memories are stored in synapses that consist of axon terminals and dendritic spines. Dendritic spines are postsynaptic structures of synapses and are essential for synaptic plasticity and cognition. Therefore, extensive investigations concerning the functions and structures of spines have been performed. Sex steroids and stress steroids have been shown to modulate hippocampal synapses. Although the rapid modulatory action of sex steroids on synapses has been studied in hippocampal neurones over several decades, the essential molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, a description of kinase‐dependent signalling mechanisms is provided that can explain the rapid nongenomic modulation of dendritic spinogenesis in rat and mouse hippocampal slices by the application of sex steroids, including dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone. We also indicate the role of synaptic (classic) sex steroid receptors that trigger these rapid synaptic modulations. Moreover, we describe rapid nongenomic spine modulation by applying corticosterone, which is an acute stress model of the hippocampus. The explanations for the results obtained are mainly based on the optical imaging of dendritic spines. Comparisons are also performed with results obtained from other types of imaging, including electron microscopic imaging. Relationships between spine modulation and modulation of cognition are discussed. We recognise that most of rapid effects of exogenously applied oestrogen and androgen were observed in steroid‐depleted conditions, including acute slices of the hippocampus, castrated male animals and ovariectomised female animals. Therefore, the previously observed effects can be considered as a type of recovery event, which may be essentially similar to hormone replacement therapy under hormone‐decreased conditions. On the other hand, in gonadally intact young animals with high levels of endogenous sex hormones, further supplementation of sex hormones might not be effective, whereas the infusion of blockers for steroid receptors or kinases may be effective, with respect to suppressing sex hormone functions, thus providing useful information regarding molecular mechanisms.
Mother's level of confidence in caring for her late preterm infant: A mixed methods study
Authors: Premji Shahirose S. , Pana Gianella , Currie Genevieve , Dosani Aliyah , Reilly Sandra , Young Marilyn , Hall Marc , Williamson Tyler , Lodha Abhay K
Published: December 2017

Aim and objectives

To examine what it means to be a mother of a late preterm infant including a mother's level of confidence in caring for her late preterm infant over time and the effect of maternal depression of this experience.

Background

Little is known about mothers' experiences of caring for their late preterm infants in the community, including their level of confidence and parenting stress within the context of a supported care environment by public health nurses.

Design

A mixed methods study, sequential explanatory quantitative and qualitative study.

Methods

A convenience sample of mothers with LPIs (n = 71) completed questionnaires on maternal confidence (3–4 weeks and 6–8 weeks), parenting stress (6–8 weeks), social support (6–8 weeks) and postpartum depression (6–8 weeks). A purposive sample of mothers (n = 11) underwent in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews.

Results

Maternal confidence decreased from 3–4 weeks–6–8 weeks after delivery, and similar results were found for mothers who reported depressive symptoms. Narratives of the mothers suggested the decrease in maternal confidence over time was influenced by the demanding characteristics of the late preterm infant, the prospect of their rehospitalisation and the mother's reported interactions with public health nurses. Depression had an effect on maternal confidence; that is, the depressed mothers demonstrated less confidence about their caretaking role than the nondepressed mothers at 6–8 weeks. Mothers did not discuss mental health issues, which may reflect the protective effects of social support on emotional instability or an inability to recognise postpartum depression.

Conclusion

The confidence of mothers with LPIs decreased over the first 2 months following delivery and being home with their infants. Assisting mothers to meet their personal needs and the needs of their infant should promote maternal skills, which will likely increase maternal confidence related to the care of their late preterm infant.

Relevance for Clinical Practice

Characteristics of LPIs contributed more to parenting stress score than parent characteristics; mothers however attempted to normalise the late preterm infant in order to minimise the parenting stress. Evidence‐informed brief interventions tailored based on late preterm infant and parent characteristics may improve maternal confidence over time. Healthcare professional should provide education and anticipatory guidance prior to discharge, consistent care in hospital and postdischarge as this may impact maternal level of confidence. Future research needs to examine standards of care for discharge of LPIs and adherence to these standards.
A Treatise on Oil Price Shocks and their Implications for the UK Financial Sector: Analysis Based on Time‐Varying Structural VAR Model
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Ali , Rizvi Sabih Abass , Rossi Matteo
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we examined the association among the energy sector stock, oil prices and stock market on the whole. We also considered the UK position from the net oil exporter to net oil importer and implications of the Global Financial Crises. Employing a Time‐Varying Vector Auto‐regressive framework on monthly data from January 1990 to June 2015 in which the sources of time variation were both the coefficients and variance‐covariance matrix of the innovations, this study found that historically oil price shocks have negatively affected the stock market, however the energy sector stock has always responded positively holding their title as hedge against oil shocks. It was also found that the shift from net oil exporter to net oil importer did not influence the association between the UK stock market and oil shocks much. Including the discrete break and subsampling of series led to controlling for the prior beliefs and agent's behaviour in the Pre‐GFC period. It turned out that the GFC had been a game changer and the stock market as well as the energy sector showed a positive and symmetric response to oil shocks. These findings have profound implications in terms of depressed global aggregate demand and oil shocks dynamics in the Post‐GFC world.
Comparison of outpatient and home‐based exercise training programmes for COPD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wuytack Francesca , Devane Declan , Stovold Elizabeth , McDonnell Melissa , Casey Michelle , McDonnell Timothy J. , Gillespie Paddy , Raymakers Adam , Lacasse Yves , McCarthy Bernard
Published: December 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable and treatable disease. Exercise training programmes (ETPs) improve symptoms, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and exercise capacity, but the optimal setting is unknown. In this review, we compared the effects of ETPs in different settings on HRQoL and exercise capacity. We searched (5 July 2016) the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register, ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization trials portal. We selected studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias with two independent reviewers. We calculated mean differences (MD) with 95% CI. We assessed the quality of evidence using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Ten trials (934 participants) were included. Hospital (outpatient) and home‐based ETPs (seven trials) were equally effective at improving HRQoL on the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) (dyspnoea: MD −0.09, 95% CI: −0.28 to 0.10; fatigue: MD −0.00, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.17; emotional: MD 0.10, 95% CI: −0.24 to 0.45; and mastery: MD −0.02, 95% CI: −0.28 to 0.25; moderate quality) and on the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (MD −0.82, 95% CI: −7.47 to 5.83, low quality). Hospital (outpatient) and community‐based ETPs (three trials) were equally effective at improving HRQoL (CRQ dyspnoea: MD 0.29, 95% CI: −0.05 to 0.62, moderate quality; fatigue: MD −0.02, 95% CI: −1.09 to 1.05, low quality; emotional: MD 0.10, 95% CI: −0.40 to 0.59, moderate quality; and mastery: MD −0.08, 95% CI: −0.45 to 0.28, moderate quality). There was no difference in exercise capacity. There was low to moderate evidence that outpatient and home‐based ETPs are equally effective.

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Older individuals’ need for knowledge and follow‐up about their chronic atrial fibrillation, lifelong medical treatment and medical controls
Authors: Lindberg Terese , Sanmartin Berglund Johan , Elmståhl Sölve , Bohman Doris M.
Published: December 2017

Older individuals with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) often experience physical symptoms and feel psychologically unwell. In addition, these persons are prescribed lifelong medical treatment that requires regular monitoring. Through 11 individual interviews, this interpretive description study aimed to explore and describe lifelong medical treatment and the need for medical controls as experienced from the perspective of older individuals living with chronic AF. The interviews were performed during 2014–2015; furthermore, they were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for thematic patterns using thematic analysis inspired by Braun and Clarke. Ethical standards were followed throughout the study. The findings revealed one main theme: ‘ambivalence in the need of knowledge’ showing that lifelong medical treatment and the need for medical controls, in general, meant experiencing feelings of ‘it doesn't matter, but it does matter’ and ‘being in the hands of the healthcare system’. The older persons lacked knowledge about their condition, which generated poor insight into their medical treatment and this in turn affected their daily life. They had thoughts and questions about their medication, but did not have an opportunity to ask the questions because of lack of follow‐up from the healthcare system. The findings underscore the negative impact chronic AF has on older people's life and emphasises the need for follow‐up and providing information from health care to these individuals.
Non‐uniform splitting of a single mantle plume by double cratonic roots: Insight into the origin of the central and southern East African Rift System
Authors: Koptev Alexander , Cloetingh Sierd , Gerya Taras , Calais Eric , Leroy Sylvie
Published: December 2017

Using numerical thermo‐mechanical experiments we analyse the role of an active mantle plume and pre‐existing lithospheric thickness differences in the structural development of the central and southern East African Rift system. The plume‐lithosphere interaction model setup captures the essential features of the studied area: two cratonic bodies embedded into surrounding lithosphere of normal thickness. The results of the numerical experiments suggest that localization of rift branches in the crust is mainly defined by the initial position of the mantle plume relative to the cratons. We demonstrate that development of the Eastern branch, the Western branch and the Malawi rift can be the result of non‐uniform splitting of the Kenyan plume, which has been rising underneath the southern part of the Tanzanian craton. Major features associated with Cenozoic rifting can thus be reproduced in a relatively simple model of the interaction between a single mantle plume and pre‐stressed continental lithosphere with double cratonic roots.
Antenatal anemia increases the risk of receiving postpartum red blood cell transfusions although the overall risk of transfusion is low
Authors: Petty Kate , Waters Jonathan H. , Sakamoto Sara B. , Yazer Mark H.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

The objective was to determine if antenatal anemia is associated with postpartum red blood cell (RBC) transfusion.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Women who gave birth at a regional, tertiary care maternity hospital between December 1, 2015, and September 31, 2016, with a documented antenatal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were included. Women were grouped into those who were either anemic (Hb < 11.0 g/dL) or nonanemic. The change in Hb concentration and RBC transfusion rates were compared between the anemic and nonanemic women, as well as by the mode of delivery (vaginal vs. Cesarean). To estimate the volume of blood loss in a normal delivery, the mean postpartum Hb concentration decrease for the not transfused women was calculated by subtracting the nadir postpartum Hb concentration from the antenatal Hb concentration and averaging these concentrations according to delivery route.

RESULTS

Of 8039 cases analyzed, 1562 (19%) had antenatal anemia and 6477 (81%) were nonanemic. Of the anemic women, 57 (3.6%) received an RBC transfusion compared to 49 (0.76%) of the nonanemic women (p = 0.0001; odds ratio, 4.97; 95% confidence interval, 3.38‐7.31). Antenatal anemia was significantly associated with receiving an RBC transfusion regardless of mode of delivery for those who delivered vaginally (p = 0.0001) or by Cesarean (p = 0.0001) compared to those who were nonanemic. The mean postpartum Hb concentration decrease was 1.12 ± 1.12 g/dL for vaginal deliveries and 1.34 ± 0.21 g/dL for Cesarean deliveries in the not transfused women (p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

Although the overall rate of transfusion was low, antenatal anemia was significantly associated with receiving a postpartum RBC transfusion.
A RANDOMNESS‐BASED THEODICY FOR EVOLUTIONARY EVILS
Authors: Wessling Jordan , Rasmussen Joshua
Published: December 2017

We develop and knit together several theodicies in order to find a more complete picture of why certain forms of (nonhuman) animal suffering might be permitted by a perfect being. We focus on an especially potent form of the problem of evil, which arises from considering why a perfectly good, wise, and powerful God might use evolutionary mechanisms that predictably result in so much animal suffering and loss of life. There are many existing theodicies on the market, and although they offer helpful resources, we combine and further develop several proposals to produce a composite theodicy that avoids certain shortcomings of the individual theodicies. An important element of our project is locating a role for randomness in cosmic and biological evolution. In particular, we show how randomness might enhance or enable certain goods, including everlasting goods, at the risk of temporary evils.
Trastornos neuropsiquiátricos en la población con VIH: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Salazar Luis Miguel , De La Hoz Alejandro , Ruiz Gaviria Rafael , Valderrama Sandra Liliana , Gómez Restrepo Carlos
Published: December 2017

Introducción: el sistema nervioso central es uno de los órganos afectados, de manera directa e indirecta, por el VIH; adicionalmente, los trastornos psiquiátricos son más frecuentes en esta población. Objetivo: comprender la patogénesis, las manifestaciones clínicas y el manejo de las enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas en la población con VIH. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, SciELO, LILACS y PsychInfo utilizando término libres y MeSH. Resultados: los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos generan un impacto negativo en el tratamiento y seguimiento de los pacientes con VIH, lo cual disminuye su adherencia al tratamiento y aumenta las dificultades en su manejo integral. Llamativamente, existe una falta de estudios latinoamericanos en esta área. 
Factores asociados a hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria en recién nacidos sanos, en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Berttolotto Cepeda Ana María , Vargas Vaca Yaris Anzully , Guzmán Cruz Paula Carolina , Murillo Casas Andrea Dionelly , Muñoz Peña Leiddy Jazmin
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo asociados a hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria en recién nacidos sanos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidados en una cohorte retrospectiva. Análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: Se evaluaron las variables de interés reportadas en la literatura en 40 casos y 40 controles. Se encontró como factor protector aislado para hipoglucemia el contacto piel a piel, que fue menor en los recién nacidos por cesárea; sin embargo, en el modelo de regresión logística, solamente el requerir fórmula láctea, por ineficaz lactancia materna, mostró ser un factor de riesgo para esta enfermedad (OR = 9). Conclusión: La ineficiente lactancia materna exclusiva es el mayor factor de riesgo para hipoglucemia neonatal transitoria en recién nacidos a término sanos, lo que ocasiona un aumento en el uso de fórmula láctea.
Secundarismo sifilítico: un amplio espectro de manifestaciones dermatológicas
Authors: Cuellar Rios Isabel Cristina , Ávila Fedy , Lozano Alejandra
Published: December 2017

Resumen

El artículo describe el caso de un paciente de 28 años de edad con antecedente de VIH, quien presentaba múltiples lesiones en la piel y las mucosas, producto de sífilis secundaria, y quien mostraba un amplio espectro de manifestaciones cutáneas características de esta enfermedad. 
Colocación de catéter peridural en el paciente de dolor y cuidado paliativo: revisión narrativa
Authors: Viteri Toro María Margarita , Viteri Toro Maria Camila , Moreno Martínez Diego Alberto
Published: December 2017

Resumen

El 10 % de los pacientes con dolor oncológico que se encuentra con terapia sistémica farmacológica óptima presenta inadecuado control, explicado por refractariedad al tratamiento o efectos adversos intolerables. A pesar de que las técnicas intervencionistas se consideren el cuarto escalón de la escalera analgésica propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en pacientes con cáncer, la aplicación anticipada de métodos intervencionistas (analgesia neuroaxial o de nervios periféricos) puede representar ventajas como un adecuado control del dolor. Se sugiere un enfoque multidisciplinario que incluya varios servicios clínicos para generar el mayor impacto de este tipo de técnicas en el tratamiento del dolor oncológico, teniendo en cuenta sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones. La analgesia por vía neuroaxial, dirigida directamente a las vías de transmisión del dolor en la médula espinal, proporciona mejor control del dolor, permite la reducción de las dosis de analgésicos y mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes. La elección entre sistemas de administración de fármacos, ya sea de forma implantable y bombas externas, depende principalmente de expectativa de vida del paciente.
Guía colombiana de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2: falla al tratamiento inicial
Authors: Aschner Montoya Pablo , Muñoz Velandía Óscar Mauricio , Girón Cardozo Diana Marcela , García Morales Olga Milena , Fernández Ávila Daniel Gerardo , Casas Luz Ángela , Casas Luz Ángela , Arango Toro Clara Maria , Bohórquez Villamizar Luisa Fernanda , Arango Toro Clara María , Carvajal Gutiérrez Liliana , Ramírez De Peña Doris Amanda , Sarmiento Juan Guillermo , Colón Cristian Alejandro , Correa González Nestor Fabian , Alarcon Robles Pilar , Bustamante Álvaro Andrés
Published: December 2017

Resumen

Introducción: Existen diferentes opciones de manejo para pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) que ya iniciaron tratamiento farmacológico con metformina y no han alcanzado metas de control glucémico. Resulta prioritario definir pautas para escoger la mejor opción en estos pacientes, así como en aquellos que no han tenido un control óptimo con la combinación de dos medicamentos. Objetivo: Definir cuál es antidiabético de elección, entre sulfonilureas, tiazolidinedionas, inhibidores de DPP-4, agonista del receptor de GLP-1 o insulina basal, como segunda y tercera líneas de manejo en pacientes con DMT2. Métodos: Se elaboró la guía de práctica clínica, siguiendo los lineamientos de la guía metodológica del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social colombiano. Se revisó la evidencia disponible de forma sistemática y se formularon las recomendaciones utilizando la metodología GRADE. Conclusiones: En pacientes con DMT2 y falla terapéutica al manejo con metformina como monoterapia (HbA1C > 7 %) se recomienda como primera opción adicionar un inhibidor DPP-4, como segunda opción adicionar inhibidor SGLT2 o sulfonilureas con bajo riesgo de hipoglucemia y como tercera opción agregar insulina basal a los pacientes que con la combinación de dos fármacos fallen en alcanzar su meta de HbA1C. Si la falla terapéutica se asocia con un IMC persistentemente ≥ 30, se sugiere la adición de un agonista de GLP-1 por el potencial beneficio sobre la reducción de peso.
Tumor de tritón benigno: reporte de un caso en órbita
Authors: Urrea Victoria Tatiana , Ruíz Robles Luis Alberto , Vanegas Monroy Ana María , Quintana Muñoz Humberto
Published: December 2017

El artículo presenta el caso de una mujer de 49 años de edad sin antecedentes patológicos con proptosis axial progresiva izquierda de un año de evolución asociada a dolor ocular, sin cambios en la agudeza visual, sin limitación en los movimientos oculares ni diplopía. Con imágenes sugestivas de seudotumor versus schwannoma versus hemangioma cavernoso orbitario versus dermoide intraconal. Fue llevada a resección de masa vía orbitotomía anterior transconjuntival. Esta fue una lesión compatible histológicamente con hamartoma neuromuscular (tumor de tritón benigno).