bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legalitas Bitcoin Dalam Transaksi Bisnis Di Indonesia
Authors: Ilyasa Raden Muhammad Arvy
Published: March 2020

Dunia saat ini sedang menghadapi fenomena disrupsi, dimana pergerakan dunia industri bergerak sangat cepat dari tatanan lama menuju tatanan yang baru. Dalam perkembangan di bidang ekonomi pada era ini sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi, dan salah satu perkembangan di bidang ekonomi adalah munculnya Bitcoin. Bitcoin adalah uang virtual yang menggunakan teknologi Cryptocurrency, sebagai salah satu uang virtual yang terkenal menjadi tren baru sebagai pembayaran internasional dengan semua manfaatnya. Di antara Cryptocurrency yang ada yang paling menonjol adalah Bitcoin. Di Indonesia, Bitcoin telah menarik perhatian dikarenakan beberapa kelebihan yang dimilikinya serta sudah mulai melakukan ekspansi besar dan sudah tersedia marketplace tersendiri. Dalam peredarannya di Indonesia Bitcoin menjadi polemik tersendiri di dunia maupun Indonesia. Ada beberapa negara di dunia yang melegalkan peredaran Bitcoin serta memiliki regulasi hukum dan juga ada negara yang melarang keras peredarannya. Di Indonesia sendiri belum ada kejelasan apakah Bitcoin boleh digunakan atau tidak sebagai suatu mata uang, serta sikap pemerintah yang menyatakan bahwa segala resiko penggunaan Bitcoin ditanggung oleh pemilik dan penggunaan Bitcoin di Indonesia yang justru bertentangan dengan pasal 28 UUD 1945 yang menyatakan bahwa negara harus menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum bagi setiap warga negaranya.
RETURN ON INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF UNLICENSED SOLAR ENERGY PROJECTS IN TURKEY
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Murat , SALDI Mustafa Hakan
Published: March 2020

First of all, this study aims to show how the power size and currency affect the return on investment percentages of unlicensed solar energy projects in Turkey. Commonly, the investors have confusions on their minds while taking investment decisions. Particularly, there are definite variables which may affect a solar energy project’s return on investment percentage and so the research question of how a multiple regression model can represent this percentage comes back to minds too. In order to simulate investment scenarios, this study is designed by using the sample of unlicensed solar energy installations which have the capacity of 250 KW, 500 KW and 1000 KW. According to the cash flow analyses for these samples the effects of power size and currency variables to return on investment percentages are observed. Therefore, the multiple regression model of return on investment percentages is offered by taking into account the power capacity and currency as independent variables to estimate the future cash flows by comparing each cases. As a result, the correlations are observed between dependent variable and independent variables. Especially, the power capacity has significant effect on return on investment rates of projects in accordance with the fundamental rule of risk-reward relation in finance. Also, the share of currency risk is calculated to prove how the volatility in currency index may affect the return on investment rates.
LİKERT VERİLERİNİN KULLANILDIĞI KEŞFEDİCİ FAKTÖR ANALİZLERİNDE NORMALLİK VARSAYIMI VE FAKTÖR ÇIKARMA ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN SPSS, FACTOR VE PRELIS YAZILIMLARIYLA SINANMASI
Authors: ŞENCAN Hüner , FİDAN Yahya
Published: March 2020

Bu yazıda sıralı kategorisinde değerlendirilen Likert verileriyle Keşfedici Faktör Analizi (KFA) yapmak için normallik varsayımının hangi durumlarda gündeme geleceği, hangi tür KFA yöntemlerinin söz konusu olduğu, SPSS, PRELIS ve FACTOR yazılımlarıyla normallik değerlemesinin nasıl yapılacağı, değişik KFA yöntemlerinin faktöriyel yapıları nasıl ortaya çıkardığı, normallik varsayımının sağlanmadığı durumlarda uygun olmayan KFA yöntemi uygulanırsa faktör yapılarının bundan nasıl etkileneceği ve normallik analizi sonuçlarının nasıl raporlanacağı konuları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma bir yönden eğitsel bir niteliğe sahipken diğer taraftan normal dağılım özelliği göstermeyen verilerin değişik istatistiki yazılımlarda ortaya koyabileceği faktöriyel yapıları sorgulamaktadır. Araştırma bulgularından sıralı ölçek verilerinin kullanıldığı çalışmalarda en sağlıklı faktöriyel yapıların Lisrel-Prelis ve Factor gibi yazılımlarla elde edilebileceği anlaşılmıştır.
Female hyperandrogenism and elite sport
Authors: Hirschberg Angelica Lindén
Published: March 2020

Emerging evidence indicates that testosterone, which can increase muscle mass and strength, stimulates erythropoiesis, promotes competitive behaviour, and enhances the physical performance of women. Indeed, the levels of testosterone within the normal female range are related to muscle mass and athletic performance in female athletes. Furthermore, among these athletes, the prevalence of hyperandrogenic conditions, including both polycystic ovary syndrome and rare differences/disorders of sex development (DSD), which may greatly increase testosterone production, are elevated. Thus, if the androgen receptors of an individual with XY DSD are functional, her muscle mass will develop like that of a man. These findings have led to the proposal that essential hyperandrogenism is beneficial for athletic performance and plays a role in the choice by women to compete in athletic activities. Moreover, a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated a significant increase in the lean mass and aerobic performance by young exercising women when their testosterone levels were enhanced moderately. Circulating testosterone is considered the strongest factor to explain the male advantage in sport performance, ranging between 10 and 20%. It appears to be unfair to allow female athletes with endogenous testosterone levels in the male range (i.e. 10–20 times higher than normal) to compete against those with normal female androgen levels. In 2012, this consideration led international organizations to establish eligibility regulations for the female classification in order to ensure fair and meaningful competition, but the regulations are controversial and have been challenged in court.
Re-exploration Early after Cardiac Surgery in Adults: The Importance of Bleeding-Related Complications
Authors: Tirilomis Theodor , Bougioukas Ioannis G. , Friedrich Martin G. , Danner Bernhard C. , Schoendube Friedrich A.
Published: March 2020

Background: Re-explorations soon after cardiac surgery are mostly related to bleeding or unclear hemodynamic situations possibly related to heart compression resulting from pericardial hematoma. This condition has a significant impact on mortality, morbidity, and costs. The aim of this study was to analyze indications and outcomes of re-exploration for bleeding or pericardial tamponade early after cardiac surgery in adults.
Methods: The clinical data of 4790 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery in our institution from January 2011 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: We identified 331 re-explorations performed in 231 patients. Sixty-seven of these patients had >1 re-exploration. In most cases (88%), repeat sternotomy was performed. Most procedures (57%) were performed within the first 48 hours. In two-thirds of re-explorations, active bleeding or pericardial hematoma was verified. In the remaining cases, neither bleeding nor significant pericardial hematoma leading to tamponade was found. Among the cases with active bleeding causes, the most bleeding sites were found to be at the coronary anastomosis and the epicardial exposure harvesting site, as well as from the side branches of bypass grafts and intercostal arteries.
Conclusions: The incidence of re-exploration after cardiac surgery in adults was low (4.8%). In about two-thirds of the cases, active bleeding or significant pericardial hematoma was found. The most common bleeding causes were the easiest to treat.
Biopolitics and Disciplinarity in the Legislation of Conduct in Public Spaces of Vilnius
Authors: Šupa Maryja
Published: March 2020

This article presents the specific rhetoric of social control present in the sections of national and municipal legislation pertaining to conduct in public spaces of Vilnius, Lithuania.Theoretically, the paper utilises M. Foucault’s framework of power modalities both because of Foucault’s engaged questioning of power and the applicability of his insights to the spatial dimensions of the city. The paper bases its interpretive scheme on two premises: a) that law reveals biopolitical and disciplinary aspects of social control; and b) that urban public space presents a valuable case for the analysis of these aspects.A qualitative content analysis of national and municipal legislation has revealed that national legislation is driven by biopolitical objectives and municipal legislation by disciplinary ones. The national legislation focuses the regulation of public space on public order, public calm, and public dignity – public mores that must be upheld in the interest of the population and expanding beyond strictly public space. Disciplinarity is evident in municipal legislation insofar as it breaks space up into governable fragments, imposing painstakingly detailed prohibitions and obligations, and building a hierarchy inside the population between the desired and subnormal subject.
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF FARMS AND THEIR SERVICING COOPERATIVES IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University, KUZNYAK Bogdan
Published: March 2020

It is determined that the most common form of organization of production is the family farming. First, it is based on the unity of ownership and labor, which generates an interest in the efficiency of management. Secondly, this is an area where people deal with nature, living organisms that require special care, attention and rapid response to changing weather conditions. The owner and his family cope with all these unstable situations most successfully. It is revealed that modern farmers are managers who have professional equipment and agronomic, zoo-technical, and economic education, since without appropriate knowledge it is impossible to win in a tough competition. The state supports farmers financially, legally, provides and guarantees the right of ownership. It is substantiated that an important role in the development of farming is played by service cooperatives that are created by farmers in order to jointly sell products in the domestic and foreign markets in large lots at bargain prices, as well as to purchase means of production and create processing enterprises. This allows farmers to focus on production, to study and implement the achievements of science and technology, which increases the efficiency of production. The author shows that, in Ukraine, farms began to emerge after gaining independence and the country’s transition to market economy. However, this process is contradictory. The development of farming is hampered by the lack of price parity for agricultural and industrial products, state material and legal support, the lack of appropriate personnel as well as by corruption and raiding. It is proved that the creation of service cooperatives is important for the development of farming. It is analyzed that their development is hampered by the lack of: the state support, knowledge about cooperation and the benefits it provides to peasants, an understanding of the essence of cooperation by the highest bodies of agricultural structures. The author reveals that (i) the world experience of the development of farming and service cooperatives should be taken into account and (ii) it should be stated in the Constitution of Ukraine that the basis of the agrarian structure are farms, which in the long run should become the main producer of agricultural products, and service cooperatives as their constituent part.
The Impact of Regulation Policy In Indonesia Against Women's Family Head
Authors: Kuswanti Ana , Saleh Amiruddin , Hubeis Aida Vitayala S , Puspitawati Herien , Muqsith Munadhil Abdul
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The female head of the family has a dual role, that is, a housewife and breadwinner to meet family needs. The study aims to analyze the effect of female head of household characteristics and group characteristics on participatory communication of groups and economic independence of women household heads. Respondents were Pekka groups in twelve villages in Batang City, Central Java, as many as 229 heads of households aged 22-74 years. The characteristics measured include 5 dimensions namely: age, education, marital status, number of dependents, and income. Data were analyzed descriptively and multiple linear regression testing was carried out. The results showed that there was a direct positive effect on the characteristics of female household heads in participatory communication and the economic independence of female household heads. and there is a direct negative effect on group characteristics on participatory communication and the economic independence of the female household headKeywords: Regulation Effect, Female Head of a Family, Pekka Group, Economic Independence
Ovarian cancer cells with CD133+ phenotype is more resistant against Ngai Bun Boesenbergia pandurata extract than original ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Nguyen Oanh Thi-Kieu , Pham Phuc Van
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Due to the difficulty in early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer, many research studies and clinical trials have been developed to discover more efficient therapies. Besides Western medicine, traditional medicine has gained increased interest as a research field with potential to lead to the production of marketable therapeutic products. With the diversity of tropical plants in Asia, traditional medicine has been very popular and has served as a traditional therapy for generations. The Ngai bun (Boesenbergia pandurata) root is used not only as a food spice but also in ethnomedicine. This study aimed to compare the anti-tumor activity of Boesenbergia pandurata root extract against ovarian cancer cells and CD133+ ovarian cancer cells that were enriched from the original ovarian cancer cells.

Methods: Crude extract of Boesenbergia pandurata roots were prepared in two kinds of solvents (methanol and chloroform). The ovarian cancer cells OVP-10 were used in this study. The population of CD133+ ovarian cancer cells (CD133+OVP-10) were sorted from the OVP-10 cancer cells. Both OVP-10 cells and CD133+OVP-10 cells were treated with these crude extracts. Adiposederived stem cells (ADSCs) were used as control normal cells for all assays. The anti-tumor activity of extracts were evaluated based on the IC50 values.

Results: Based on the IC50 index, the chloroform extract had an anti-tumor activity higher than that of methanol extract, on both OVP-10 and CD133+OPV-10 cells (IC50 of methanol and chloroform extracts were 330.1 +/- 16.9 ug/mL and 246.5 +/- 21.2 ug/mL, respectively, for OVP-10 cells; IC50 of methanol and chloroform extracts were 411.8 +/- 83.7 ug/mL and 307 +/- 9.2 ug/mL respectively, for CD133+OVP-10 cells). The results also showed that CD133+OVP-10 cells were more resistant to chloroform extract than were OVP-10 cells (307 +/- 9.2 mg/mL vs. 246.5 +/- 21.2 mg/mL, respectively, for CD133+OVP-10 vs. OVP-10 cells, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The chloroform extract of Boesenbergia pandurata roots displayed strong antitumor activity against ovarian cancer cells OVP-10 and CD133+OVP-10; the latter cells were found to be more resistant than the original ovarian cancer cells.
Analytical assessment of maize kernels for Fe, Zn, and β-carotene dense cultivars with low phytate contents
Authors: Sharma A. , Prasad S. , Arun Kumar R. , Jaiswal S. , Agrawal P.K. , Kant L. , Bhatt J.C.
Published: March 2020

The present paper reports that significant genetic variability was evident in Fe, Zn, β-carotene, and phytic acid (phytate, PA) contents in a set of 39 diverse maize genotypes collected from maize breeding programme of hill agriculture, India. The Fe, Zn, β-carotene, and PA concentrations were found to be in the range 19.31–50.64 mg kg−1, 12.60–37.18 mg kg−1, 0.17–8.27 µg g−1, and 6.59–7.13 g kg−1, respectively. The genotypes V335, V420, V393, V416, V414, V372, and V351 were identified to have higher concentration of β-carotene, Fe, and Zn but lower amount of PA. Possible availability of the minerals Fe and Zn was determined using molar ratio between PA as inhibitor and β-carotene as promoter for their absorption. The micronutrient molar ratio showed that Fe and Zn traits could be dependent of each other. Low R2 value revealed relation between β-carotene and kernel colour. The selected genotypes could be considered as potential sources of favourable genes for further breeding programs to develop micronutrient enriched maize cultivars.
A comparison of organically and conventionally grown artichokes: phenolic constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Yildirim A.B. , Basay S. , Turker A.U.
Published: March 2020

Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymusL.) is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is one of the most suitable plants for growing organically. Artichoke has been used as choleretic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, cholesterol-reducing, and diuretic in traditional medicine. Artichoke has been cultivated worldwide because of its nutritional value and medicinal properties. In this study organically and conventionally grown artichokes were compared in terms of phenolic constituents, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Artichoke leaves, bracts, and floral receptacles obtained from 2 different sources (organic and conventional) were freeze-dried, powdered, and extracts were prepared with methanol. Phenolic constituents (chlorogenic acid, cynarin, luteolin, and apigenin) were analysed by HPLC-DAD system. It was found that organic farming enhanced cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and luteolin amounts in receptacle (edible part). Organically grown leaves had also higher amounts of cynarin and chlorogenic acid than conventional ones. Cynarin amount was higher by 35% in organic receptacle and 20% in organic leaves. Organic farming also augmented the antioxidant property and flavonoid content of edible parts of the artichoke. Additionally, organically grown leaves had the highest antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents. Antibacterial activity was observed with both organic and conventional leaves only againstStaphylococcus epidermidis.This comparative study revealed that organic farming enhanced the health-beneficial medicinal values of artichoke's heart and leaves.
Nirv??a in Early Buddhist Inscriptions
Authors: Collett Alice
Published: March 2020

Nirv??a is often considered the quintessential goal of the Buddhist path. In this article, I focus on one aspect of the conceptualization of nirv??a that becomes apparent through an analysis of its occurrence in early Indian epigraphy. Surveying pre-Gupta inscriptions, it becomes clear that the aspiration for nirv??a has one recurring feature attached to it; the aspiration of the donor for the attainment of nirv??a — whether for themselves or others — occurs when the donation is connected in some way or another to the relics or figural or non-figural representations of the historical Buddha. This suggests that the idea of being in the Buddha’s presence grew in importance in relation to the efficacy of religious practice in this period. The same ideas can be seen emerging in the later canonical P?li Apad?na, and connect to developments in the emergence of Mah?y?na.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF INTERIOR BALLISTICS FOR THE AMPHIBIOUS RIFLE WHEN FIRING UNDERWATER AND ITS VALIDATION BY MEASUREMENT
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van
Published: March 2020

The paper is focused on the build of the interior ballistics model of amphibious rifle when firing underwater base on the standard interior ballistics of automatic rifle used gas operated principle. The presented mathematical model is validated and experimentally verified for the 5.56 mm underwater projectile fire on the 5.56 mm amphibious rifle. The result of this research can be applied to design the underwater ammunition, underwater rifle and amphibious rifle.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR FREE VIBRATION RESPONSE OF CRACKED STIFFENED FGM PLATES
Authors: Thom Do Van , Duc Doan Hong , Minh Phung Van , Tung Nguyen Son
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the new numerical results of vibration response analysis of cracked FGM plate based on phase-field theory and finite element method. Effects of geometrical and material properties on the vibration behaviors of the plate are investigated in this work. The computed results show that the crack and stiffener have a strong influence on both the vibration responses and vibration mode shapes of the structure. The computed results can be used as a good reference to study some related mechanical problems.
How We Teach: the start of a longer conversation
Authors: Parslow-Williams Paul , Watts Gemma , Rowe Emily , Cole Zoe , Smith Jenifer
Published: March 2020

In this written conversation, the staff of a small rural school embark on an exploration of their developing pedagogies. They consider some of the sources of their individual theories and practice, and show how they work together to challenge and support each other. They acknowledge
the community of adults and children to which they belong and from which their pedagogy grows. They explore the nature of relationships within this community of learners and consider how they might describe the knowledge that teachers need and develop in the course of their work. Throughout
the conversation runs the thread of trust and the part it plays in releasing adults and children to work at the furthest limits of possibility.
Where Now for Pedagogy in England?
Authors: Little Gawain
Published: March 2020

Forty years ago, leading communist educationalist and FORUM editor Brian Simon wrote a chapter entitled 'Why No Pedagogy in England?' In it, he argued that English education had failed to develop a science of learning, due to its classdivided history, and that the time was ripe
for the development of such a science. This article revisits Simon's arguments and tries to assess the extent to which they are still valid. It concludes that, whilst there have been substantial changes over the past 40 years, the basic contention that there is no coherent science of learning
in England remains true. Further, it is argued that Simon's criteria for the development of such a science once again hold, to a greater or lesser extent, and a way forward is suggested to prepare the ground for the development of a pedagogy to guide education in England.
The Humanities as an Essential Element of a Balanced and Broadly Based Primary Curriculum
Authors: Eaude Tony
Published: March 2020

This article explores why the humanities are an essential element of a balanced and broadly based primary curriculum. While history, geography and religious education make important contributions, the humanities should be seen more broadly as the study of one's own and other cultures,
and so including areas such as literature, philosophy and drama. Active ways of working, such as fieldwork, observation, interpretation and discussion, as vital elements of the education of the whole child as a critical global citizen, are emphasised. The need for young children to learn many
different types of knowledge in enabling learning environments and for teachers to develop a range of pedagogical content knowledge is highlighted. The benefits of single-subject and interdisciplinary approaches are considered.
Creative Activism: learning everywhere with children and young people
Authors: Hay Penny , Sapsed Ruth , Sayers Esther , Benn Melissa , Rigby Sue
Published: March 2020

Creative activism is an approach to education that asks: 'What can happen when we take learning outside the classroom and think of it happening everywhere?' Two charities – House of Imagination and Cambridge Curiosity and Imagination – have been asking this question in their
creative place-making programmes working with socially engaged artists and communities linked to primary schools in Bath and Cambridge. Young children and adults co-create and speculate about the future of their communities and environments in these different geographical locations. This article
draws together the authors' shared understanding of creative pedagogies and the value to everyone of working in this way.
Yenidoğanda Pnömotoraks ve Göğüs Tüpü Uygulamaları
Authors: DAYI Sabriye , ANDIRAN Fatih
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Pnömotoraks, yenidoğan döneminde hayatın diğer dönemlerine göre daha sık görülür ve acil müdahale gerektiren bir durumdur. Pnömotoraks tedavisinde göğüs tüpü yerleştirilmesi tek ve geçerli tedavi şekli olma özelliğini sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışma; pnömotoraks nedeniyle göğüs tüpü uygulaması yapılmış yenidoğanlarda retrospektif olarak planlanmıştır. Klinik bulgular ve demografik karakteristikler, teknik özellikler, komplikasyonlar araştırılmış ve bunların tanı ve tedaviyi nasıl yönlendirdiği incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Üç senelik periyot içerisinde yenidoğan yoğun bakıma yatan pnömotoraks gelişmiş bebeklerde; gebelik haftaları, doğum şekli, ağırlık, boy, yatış tanıları, pnömotoraks öncesi, pnömotoraks anı ve sonrasındaki solunum durumları, pnömotoraks gelişiminin olduğu taraf, tüpün konulması, tüp kalış süresi, hastanede kalış süresi, kan, idrar, göğüs tüpünün uç kısmının kültürü, trakeal tüp kültürleri, nekrotizan enterokolit gelişimi, şifa durumları, takip süreleri ve bu takip sürelerinde oluşan akciğer patolojileri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Bebeklerin pnömotorakstan şifa durumlarını doğum şekli, ağırlık, boy, pnömotoraksın geliştiği taraf, tüpün konulduğu taraf, tüpün konulduğu anki bebeğin yaşı, tüp kalış süresi etkilememektedir. Pnömotoraks öncesi, pnömotoraks anındaki ve sonrasındaki solunum durumları önemlidir. Altta yatan akciğer patolojisi prognozu etkilemektedir. Erken tanı için röntgen grafilerindeki medial radyolüsen alanlar ve loküle radyolüsen alanlar dikkati çekmektedir.Sonuç: Pnömotoraks mortalitesini ve morbiditesini azaltmada yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesindeki bebekler vital bulgular ve radyografik işaretler açısından yakından takip edilmeli, bebekte stabiliteyi bozan durumlarda acil göğüs tüpü yerleştirilmelidir. Klinik durumu bozmayan minimal pnömotorakslar göğüs tüpü konulmadan yakından izlenmelidir.
Tıp Fakültesi ile Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Sporcu Diyet Destek Ürünleri ile İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri, Bilgi Kaynakları ve Tutumları
Authors: ÖZDENGÜL Faik , YARGIÇ Melda Pelin
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Rehberler sporculara destek ürünü kullanımı öncesi hekim ya da beslenme uzmanına danışılmasını önermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tıp fakültesi öğrencileri ile beslenme diyetetik bölümü öğrencilerinin sporcu destek ürünleri hakkında bilgi düzeyi, bilgi kaynakları ve tutumlarını ölçmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Yüz elli bir (53 tıp fakültesi, 55 beslenme ve diyetetik bölümü ve kontrol grubu olarak 43 İletişim fakültesi) dördüncü sınıf öğrencisine, toplam 13 adet destek ürün hakkında bilgi ve tutumlarını ölçen anket uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Beslenme ve diyetetik öğrencileri, tıp öğrencilerinden anlamlı olarak daha fazla ürün hakkında farkındalık sahibidir (p<0.001). Beslenme öğrencilerinin etkisini doğru bildiği ürün sayısı tıp öğrencilerinden anlamlı olarak fazladır (p<0.001). Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin %45.3’ünün, beslenme diyetetik öğrencilerinin %30,9’unun, iletişim fakültesi öğrencilerinin ise %60.5'inin bu ürünleri daha önce kullandığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Beslenme diyetetik öğrencilerinin farkındalığı ve bilgi düzeyi genel olarak tıp öğrencilerinden daha yüksek olmakla birlikte, her iki grup öğrencinin de sporculara yeterli yönlendirme yapabilmeleri için bilgi düzeylerini artırmaları gerekmektedir.
Measuring PPFD on Algal Shaker v2
Authors: Nedbal Jakub
Published: March 2020

The illuminated orbital shaker features a glowing growing area. The illumination is not entirely homogeneous. It is brightest near the centers of the LEDs and becomes dimmer closer to the edges. The light brightness of the light in the glowing area is dependent on the LEDs, their spacing, the distance between the LEDs and the transparent platform, the material of the anti-slip mat, among other parameters. To ensure consistency and reproducibility between experiments, the brightness can be measured and the light output of the illuminator calibrated. Quantum detector is used to measure the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The measurement described in this protocol is conducted for all current settings on the LED controller and in 12 different locations across the glowing area. It is done both in air and inside an Erlenmeyer flask containing water, to best capture the actual conditions experienced by the microalgae cultures.
Machine Translation: The Case of Arabic- English Translation of News Texts
Authors: Abdelaal Noureldin Mohamed , Alazzawie Abdulkhaliq
Published: March 2020

This study aims at identifying the common types of errors in Google Translate (GT) in the translation of informative news texts from Arabic to English, to measure the translation errors quality and to assess the fluency and the semantic adequacy of the translation output, and therefore to explain the extent a human translator is needed to rectify the output translation. For this purpose, some examples were purposively selected from online newspapers. The collected data was analyzed using a mixed method approach, as the errors were qualitatively identified, guided by Hsu’s (2014) classification of machine translation errors. Quantitative descriptive approach was used to measure the translation errors quality, using the Multidimensional Quality Metrics and Localization Quality Evaluation. As for assessing the semantic adequacy and fluency, a questionnaire that was adapted from Dorr, Snover, and Madnani (2011) was used. The results of the analysis show that omission, which is a lexical error and inappropriate lexical choice, which is a semantic error are the most common errors. Inappropriate lexical choice is sometimes a result of the homophonic nature of some source text words which can be misinterpreted by the machine translation system. This study concludes that it is useful to use machine translation systems to expedite the translation process, but that accuracy is sacrificed for the sake of ease (less work for the human) and speed of translation. If greater accuracy is required, or desired, a human translator must at least proofread and work on the material.
Free Indirect Speech in Northanger Abbey
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan
Published: March 2020

The thesis mainly analyzes the Free Indirect Speech in Austen’s novel Northanger Abbey (Volume 2). When Austen describes Catherine’s feeling for Henry Tilney, it is difficult for us to distinguish the subjective consciousness of the narrator from the character. Their calm and objective tone is prone to arouse the resonance with the readers. Authorial narrator sometimes appears to explain the fate of Catherine. When Austen describes Catherine’s expedition to Northanger Abbey, the character has more prominent subjective consciousness, and readers can distance themselves from the character and examine Catherine’s ridiculous and irrational behavior and feel the ironic effects. The thesis points out that Austen used this technique to portray Catherine, who was able to deal with her feeling for Henry reasonably, however, was influenced greatly by the Gothic novels at that time, and could not handle the relationship between reality and fiction very well.
An Overview of Syntactic Tense & Aspect: From both Grammatical & Lexical Perspectives
Authors: Kahzal Kamal
Published: March 2020

Language can be complicated even within one language, such as in English. Rules of grammar, construction, and syntax are used to express ideas clearly so that others understand the intention behind them. However, these rules can lead to challenges in ensuring that ideas are effectively communicated and interpreted, particularly because word choice in the context of grammar and syntax rules can impact the way an expression is interpreted. This can be illustrated through an examination of the perfective aspect of syntax. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of aspect and tense from both the grammatical and lexical perspectives.
BİR OLGUBİLİM ÇALIŞMASI: KODLAMA EĞİTİMİNDE NELER YAŞANIYOR?
Authors: CEYLAN Veysel Karani , GÜNDOĞDU Kerim
Published: March 2020

Olgubilim desenine sahip bu nitel çalışmada son yıllarda ortaokul
düzeyinde popülerleşen bir kavram olan kodlama ve kodlama eğitiminin farklı
katılımcı grupları üzerinde nasıl algılandığı ve onların bu fenomeni nasıl
deneyimledikleri açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Katılımcı grubu olarak okul
idarecileri, BT öğretmenleri, öğrenciler ve velileri belirlenmiş olup, bu
gruplar ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışmada
veri çeşitlemesi için görüşmelerin yanı sıra gözlem ve fotoğraflar kullanılmıştır.
Veri analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmış, önceden belirlenen kodların
yanı sıra veri toplama sürecinden sonrada yeni kodlar düzenlenerek temalar
araştırma sorularının etrafında şekillenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda; kodlama ve
kodlama eğitiminin katılımcı grupları üzerinde farklı algılar oluşturduğu,
veliler, öğrenciler ve branş itibari ile farklılaşan idareci görüşleri
oluştuğu, fenomen ile ilgili hala tam olarak bir kavram bütünlüğünün ve
farkındalığının sağlanamadığı görülmüştür. BT Öğretmenlerinin kodlama eğitimi
konusunda farklı görüşler oluştuğu hem içerik hem de süreç olarak değişik
uygulamaların olduğu, bu eğitimi verebilmek için kendi yeterliliklerini eksik
gördükleri, kodlamanın yaygınlaştırılması için okul içi ve okul dışı ortamlarda
herhangi bir etkinlik içerisinde bulunmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
EĞİTSEL VERİ MADENCİLİĞİ İLE İLGİLİ 2006-2016 YILLARI ARASINDA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALARIN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TEKİN Ahmet , ÖZTEKİN Zeynep
Published: March 2020

Veri madenciliği mevcut verileri analiz
etmede, ilişkileri çıkarmada ve eldeki verilerden anlamlı bilgiler ortaya
çıkarmada kullanılan bir tekniktir. Veri madenciliği sayesinde elle açığa
çıkarılması zor olan ve zaman alan gizli bilgiler daha kolay bir şekilde açığa
çıkarılmaktadır. Bu sebeplerle günümüzde veri madenciliğine yönelik araştırmaların
sayısı artmıştır. Veri madenciliği birçok alanda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da
kullanılmaktadır. Eğitim sistemleriyle ilgili araştırmaların artmasıyla Eğitsel
Veri Madenciliği alanına yönelen bir araştırma topluluğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Eğitim
alanında; öğrencilerin öğrenme davranışları, öğretim, rehberlik, yönetim,
öğrencilerin başarı durumları, okuldan ayrılma nedenleri, seçmeli ders
seçimleri gibi çalışmalara alanyazında rastlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 2006-2016
yılları arasında eğitsel veri madenciliği ile ilgili yayınlanmış olan
çalışmalar incelenmiştir.  Eğitsel veri
madenciliği alanı ile ilgili yayınların yer aldığı düşünülen yedi farklı
veritabanındaki makaleler, belirlenen ölçütler kapsamında taranmıştır. İncelenen
çalışmalar, yayın yılı, araştırma konusu, veri türü, çalışma grubu, veri
toplama araçları vb. ölçütlere göre betimsel istatistikî yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırma bulgularına göre, çalışmaların çoğunun araştırma konusu akademik
başarı ve öğrenci performansıdır. Yine araştırma bulgularına göre, çalışma
grubunu çoğunlukla lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinin oluşturduğu görülmektedir.
Elde edilen sonuçların
gelecek çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN WEB TABANLI DİNLEME TESTİNİ KULLANMA NİYETLERİNİN YORDAYICILARI
Authors: ERDOĞAN Tolga , ÇİĞDEM Harun , YILDIRIM Osman Gazi
Published: March 2020

As technological advancements
are booming these days, there is an increasing interest in the use of web
technologies within testing applications that support teaching and learning
processes in all educational domains. One of the factors that is believed to
influence such applications is learners’ behavioral intentions to use
technology. This study has a purpose of examining the constructs that are
directly or indirectly affecting participants’ behavioral intention to use
listening exams delivered web-based in the 2015-2016 academic year in a
‘Foreign Language’ course with the participation of 929 students. The
acceptance model related with computer based assessment was utilized to examine
the predictors of participants’ behavioral intention. An online questionnaire
was administrated to collect data and data were analyzed through linear
regression analyses. The results of the research revealed that perceived
usefulness was influenced by content of test, goal expectancy, perceived ease
of use, and social influence. Additionally, facilitating conditions and
computer self-efficacy significantly predicted perceived ease of use. Also,
perceived playfulness was affected by content, goal expectancy and perceived
usefulness. Finally, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived
playfulness were found to induce direct effect on behavioral intention to use
web-based listening test. As a result, web-based testing is expected to be
utilized by participants if it is playful, useful, and ease to use and it is
seen playful when it is useful.
ODYOLOJİ ALANINDA EĞİTİM AMAÇLI BİR BİLGİSAYAR TABANLI SİMÜLASYONUN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ: BİR PİLOT ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ÖZMEN Kübra , SUNAR Abdullah , KÜÇÜK Beyza Nur , AVAN Besim Turab
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Odyoloji lisans
öğrencilerinin tanısal muhakemem yeteneklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla farklı
vaka senaryoları sunan bir bilgisayar tabanlı simülasyon programı
geliştirmektir. Simulody programı, odyoloji alanında uzman dört odyologtan uzman
görüşü alınarak geliştirilmiştir. Program, pilot çalışma için bilgisayar
ortamına aktarılan bir vaka senaryosu içermektedir. 10 4. sınıf lisans
öğrencisi ile yapılan pilot uygulama Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri
Fakültesi Odyoloji Bölümü’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar, Simülasyon
Kullanıcı Değerlendirme Formu’nu kullanarak programı değerlendirmişlerdir.
Uygulama esnasında tutulan süre kaydı ve gözlemci notları ile birlikte Simulody
log verisi üzerinden katılımcı verileri analiz edilmiştir. Cinsiyete göre her bir
adımdaki süre, toplam kullanım süresi ve toplam hata sayısındaki farklılıklar
Mann-Whitney U testi ile analiz edildiğinde, kadın ve erkek kullanıcılar
arasında istatistiksel anlamlı bir fark elde edilmemiştir. Bilgisayar kullanma
becerilerine göre katılımcıların her bir adımda geçirdikleri süreler arasında
da istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, Simulody
kullanım açısından cinsiyetler arasında herhangi bir avantaj sağlamamaktadır.
Örneklemin cevap paternlerinde genel olarak (%80) önceki bilgiyi hatırlamaya
yönelik döngüsellik gözlemlenmiştir. Bilgi hatırlamaya yönelik döngüselliğin
belirli basamaklarda yoğunlaşması, simülasyon içerisindeki geçiş linklerinin
sorun yarattığına işaret etmektedir. Teorik bilginin ve klinik becerilerin
sınanması, kullanıcıların Simulody’nin eğitimleri için faydalı bir simülasyon
programı olarak değerlendirilmesi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bir prototip olan
Simulody programının, içerisindeki vaka sayısı arttırılarak ve gerekli
iyileştirmeler yapılarak Odyoloji öğrencilerine faydalı eğitsel bir araç haline
geleceği düşünülmektedir.
Thematic Content Analysis for Pre-School Science Education Research Areas in Turkey
Authors: GÜLER Hatice , TAŞ Erol
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the various variables in terms of master dissertations, doctoral dissertations, and articles made in the field of science education in pre-school between the years 2014 and 2019 in Turkey. The present study is a qualitative research. In this study, thematic content analysis was used. After the articles deriving from the dissertations were extracted, a total of 129 publications including 14 doctoral dissertations, 38 master dissertations and 77 articles were reached. At the end of the research, it is seen that most of the postgraduate theses were published in Gazi University and the most articles were published in The Journal of International Social Research. When the distribution of the studies according to the aims of the studies is examined, it is seen that determination studies produced the highest effect while the quantitative studies were conducted at most, considering the research methods. While participant groups mostly involved the students, the scale and interviews were preferred as data collection tools. In accordance with these results, suggestions were made to the researchers who would work on this subject.
Kashmir Conflict: Tracing the History Suggesting the Solution
Authors: Nabi Peer Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Ammad
Published: March 2020

Kashmir, once known for its mesmerizing beauty, peace and tolerance in the world, has now been seen as a bloody conflict zone, since 1989. Over the years, numbers of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) were taken by India and Pakistan, but all the initiatives fail to bring long-term peace in the region. This paper examines two questions: why Kashmiris chose to go for armed struggle against India and why peace building initiatives lead by India and Pakistan failed to bring long term peace in the region? The study will further try to analyze the interests of the different stakeholders in order to find a peaceful, acceptable, and achievable solution to the conflict region. On the basis of Stakeholder Analysis the paper argues that India and Pakistan need to go beyond existing non-engagement and occasional bilateral policy of negotiation to trilateral negotiation by engaging Kashmiri political leadership to get the win-win, peaceful resolution of the conflict. The absence of Kashmiris in any negotiation process will not bring long lasting solution to the region.

JEL Classification Code: R5
Challenges and Opportunities to Implement Inclusive Education
Authors: Mitiku Wondwosen , Alemu Yitayal , Mengsitu Semahegn
Published: March 2020

This study is conducted in order to assess the challenges and opportunities to implement inclusive education in selected primary schools of North GondarZone. In order to attain the objectives of the study, related literatures on international policies and concepts of inclusive education was reviewed in detail. Concerning the significance of the study it is expected that it will highlight those concerned individuals on the existing situation prevailing in connection with the problem under study and devise mechanisms for addressing the observed situation. The study used descriptive survey as a research design to explain the current trends existing in the study area. . As to the samples considered for the study, because there are only two schools it appeared manageable to take them as they are. In regards to participants of the study seventy one participants, namely 4 from the school's principals, 16 from the professional teachers in special needs, and 51 students with different disabilities were involved as sample participants. These samples were taken by using systematic random sampling to give fair and equal chance of selection. With regard to data gathering instrument, questionnaire, structured interview and observation were used to collect data from the participants. The finding roughly show that even though there are some opportunities that support inclusive education it cannot be taken as a guaranty due to lack of awareness, commitment, and collaboration. And there are real challenges that hinder the full implementation of inclusive education. Generally it can be conclude that the challenges outweigh the opportunity on the full implementation of inclusive education and there should be strong collaboration among stakeholders, NGOs, and the concerned bodies in order to realize the journey towards inclusive education.
The Dynamics and Challenges of Distance Education at Private Higher Institutions in South Ethiopia
Authors: Lerra Mulatu Dea
Published: March 2020

Evidently, the implementation of a DL system does not ensure a high-quality education. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamics and challenges of distance education at Private Higher Institutions in South Ethiopia. In a given study, a representative sample of tutors and academic program leaders selected through simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview were instrumental for data collection. The finding revealed that, the number of learners in a class during tutorial programs is not to the standard, the tutors’ are responsible for one to two courses at a time and the remainder for more than two courses, assignments were too difficult for the ability of the students on the courses some learners do not receive modules before tutorial sessions and, consequently, some were forced to share modules, modules were not given long enough in advance of the actual tutorial sessions less commitment of stakeholders to realize the DL program. It is recommended that, Intensification distance education units at the institution and ensuring that students have a suitable educational background when they join to the specific program would make distance education efficient. In addition to this, it is good to try to make the system more flexible and use different information and communication technologies to support distance education.
Textual analysis on Rehman Rashid’s “A MALAYSIAN JOURNEY”
Authors: Sidhu Pramita Kaur
Published: March 2020

“A Malaysian Journey” is written by Rehman Rashid, a Malaysian Bumiputra, born in Taiping (p 25), whose father is of Arab –Indian parentage while his mother is from a Tamil –Eurasian parentage (p39-41). The text describes two journeys, the first being a physical journey that Rehman Rashid, the writer himself undertakes upon his return home to Malaysia, while the second journey is an emotionally critical, highly personal, expressive and hopeful journey on Malaysia’s pre and post independence history and its impact on the him as an individual and on the multiethnic Malaysian society. Both journeys, however, attempt to introduce readers to the social matrices, politics, religion (practiced by the majority) and culture of Malaysians. The goals are here to challenge reader’s existing socio-political perceptions on pre and post independent Malaysia and to shape writer’s own discernment and consciousness on his social cultural background.
An Overview of the Heritage of Kalicharan Shaha Street: Approach to the Area Conservation
Authors: Tabassum Saniya , Tyne Intisar Ameen
Published: March 2020

Dhaka is a successor of a rich cultural inheritance of 400 years. Dhaka’s glorious history passed through many phases of architectural development, keeps some traces of almost all types of progression. But it continued to survive by making remarkable adjustments with the new challenges. With the assuming political and economic dynamics, rapid urbanization, uncontrolled development and lack of awareness, these heritages of historic Dhaka are destroying day by day. Beside the mighty river of Buriganga initiates such an old neighborhood just around the 550 feet Long Street named Kalicharan Shaha Street, reflecting the organic settlement pattern started to develop during the Mughal and Colonial era. The study has outlined the direction to provide some data, information and documentation of the neighborhood along Kalicharan Shaha Street to identify historical, cultural and planning aspects of that episode. It is an approach to show how the indigenous culture was blended with the colonial one and reflection of it over the forms and features of the neighborhood. Therefore it deals with some key aspects of built form, facade treatment and ornamentation, occidental and oriental relationship of the buildings, and along with the spatial order of morphological change, as the cultural heritage element for conserving this area. Thus, this paper is an approach to emphasize the heritage of Kalicharan Shaha Street in a public eye, so as to make people aware of the conservation of the heritage of our city.