bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FILOSOFIA DA CULTURA E EDUCAÇÃO: AS IMPLICAÇÕES SIMBÓLICAS E CULTURAIS REGIONAIS/LOCAIS NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA ESCOLAR NO CONTEXTO DE UMA ESCOLA EM FEIRA DE SANTANA/BA.
Authors: Costa André Conceição
Published: February 2022

A Filosofia é um campo do conhecimento humano preliminar para outros tipos de conhecimentos. A cultura é um aglomerado de sentidos, símbolos e práticas que se evidenciam nas pessoas e nos povos, nas individualidades e nas coletividades. A cultura e a filosofia são imprescindíveis ao próprio existir humano. O ser humano existe culturalmente em sua coexistência com o outro. As investigações filosóficas sobre a cultura estabelecem reflexões que contribuem para um entendimento mais aprofundado desse aglomerado de sentidos humanos. A filosofia em diálogo com a cultura, estabelece, em sua compreensão, a delimitação do conceito de cultura constituindo um modo específico de pensar a cultura. A cultura enquanto ação humana é a capacidade simbólica do ser humano que o permite atribuir sentidos a sua existência. É tudo aquilo que ele elabora através de sua subjetividade e traz significação aos fenômenos e a sua existência. Por fim, nas inferências advindas dessa experiência de criar e recriar a sua própria existência, este mesmo ser humanose vê mergulhado numa coexistência de sentidos e símbolos.A escola é, sem dúvida, uma instituição cultural. Deste modo, as correlações entre escola e cultura não podem ser entendidas como dois campos independentes do fazer humano, mas sim como campos fenomênicos entrecruzados. Assim, partindo dessas afirmações e acentuando a íntima associação entre educação e cultura, filosofia e cultura, ao observar suas relações como intrinsecamente constitutivas do campo fenomênico educacional, cabe questionar por que hoje essa compreensão ainda se apresenta como uma prática e reflexão desafiadora para as ações educativas. A escola, enquanto instituição cultural e lugar da intersubjetividade precisa ser o lugar em que a pluralidade de culturas e os saberes culturais possam encontrar espaços fecundos. A problemática das relações entre educação e cultura, cultura e filosofia é intrínseco a todo fazer educativo no contexto escolar. Toda forma de educação está inserida,na cultura da humanidade.Partindo destes pressupostos, a questão que orienta esta pesquisa está em identificar as implicações simbólicas e culturais regionais/locais na prática pedagógica escolar. Deste modo o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a relevância, bem como, a presença (ou ausência) dos saberes culturais que revelam os sentidos e os valores da vida dos sujeitos em suas comunidades, no cotidiano da prática escolar, identificando o modo como essa experiência acontece no contexto de duas escolas em Feira de Santana e como estas expressões culturais contribuem na formação do pensamento crítico, dosvalores humanos. Para a elaboração desta pesquisa entrevistamos 10 estudantes e 5professores para construção dos dados da pesquisa.
ESTUDO DA INTERAÇÃO DO HERBICIDA PICLORAM COM AMOSTRAS DE SOLO DO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO
Authors: Silva Alessandra de Jesus
Published: February 2022

O crescimento da produção de alimentos não teria sido possível sem o uso dos defensivos agrícolas como os pesticidas. Esses compostos orgânicos, também conhecidos como agrotóxicos, tiveram avanço considerável desde a sua descoberta durante a segunda guerra mundial. As classes mais conhecidas desses compostos sintéticos utilizados como pesticidas são os organoclorados, organofosforados, os nitrocompostos, os piridínicos, as triazinas, carbamatos e piretróides (Barbosa, 2004; Garrido et al, 2004). Tais compostos podem interagir com argilas e a matéria orgânica presentes no solo, reduzindo sua potencialidade no combate às pragas, uma vez que a fração disponível do pesticida será menor. Tal desvantagem pode ocasionar, mesmo quando empregados de modo correto, danos à saúde pública e/ou ambiental. O pesticida picloram (ácido 4-amino-3,5,6-tricloropicolínico), da classe dos organoclorados é classificado como herbicida, por ser utilizado para auxiliar no controle de plantas daninhas que afetam o plantio. É considerado um herbicida ácido (Spadotto et al, 2003), cujo pK = 3,4. Em pHs mais baixos que 3,4, o pesticida se encontrará predominantemente na forma molecular e acima desse pH, cresce a fração iônica do pesticida.O solo é um material granular, constituído na sua maior parte por matéria sólida (orgânica e mineral), além das fases líquida e gasosa. Um perfil de solo é o conjunto de todos os horizontes ou camadas que constituem o perfil adicionados de material mineral e resíduos orgânicos, e estes horizontes subdividem-se em superficiais (O ou H e A) e subsuperficiais (E, B, C, F e R) com características diferenciadas entre si, podendo ainda existir horizontes intermediários ou transicionais (AB, EB, BC, etc). Uma vez aplicado no combate às pragas, o picloram pode, a depender de condições do solo como: quantidade de matéria orgânica e argilominerais, pH, força iônica, etc, interagir com o solo ou ser lixiviado através dele e causar a contaminação de fontes de água, superficiais ou subterrâneas, utilizadas para abastecimento humano e manutenção de atividades econômicas. Portanto, o estudo da interação do picloram em diferentes horizontes de um perfil de solo propicia o entendimento das interações e fenômenos de deslocamento do herbicida no mesmo, através de isotermas de adsorção sob diferentes condições de pH e força iônica.
PENFIGÓIDE CICATRICIAL: CONDUTA EM UM CENTRO DE REFERÊNCIA
Authors: Bomfim Adila Santos
Published: February 2022

O penfigóide cicatricial (PC), também denominado de Penfigóide da Membrana Mucosa Benigno e Penfigóide da Membrana Mucosa, é definido como uma doença autoimune, inflamatória e crônica. Acomete na maioria das vezes, adultos com média de 50 a 60 anos de idade, sendo as mulheres afetadas com mais frequência do que os homens. Apesar de acometer outras superfícies do corpo, a cavidade bucal tem sido descrita como o sítio de acometimento mais comum para essa patologia. O trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso de penfigóide cicatricial e a conduta adotada no Centro de Referência em Lesões Bucais (CRLB) da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), onde a paciente relatou a presença recorrente de lesões vesículo-bolhosas na região de gengiva inserida maxilar e mandibular, seguida de ulceração.
RESOLUBILIDADE NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: UM ESTUDO DA TRAJETÓRIA TERAPÊUTICA DE USUÁRIAS DO SUS EM RELAÇÃO AO DIAGNÓSTICO E ESTADIAMENTO DA NEOPLASIA DE MAMA EM FEIRA DE SANTANA-BA.
Authors: Almeida Filho Alberto Cezar Santos
Published: February 2022

O conceito de resolubilidade pode ser entendido como a capacidade do sistema de apresentar uma resposta satisfatória ao usuário que busca atendimento a alguma necessidade de saúde, não se restringindo apenas a cura de doenças, mas também ao alívio ou minimização do sofrimento, a promoção e a manutenção da saúde (ASSIS et al, 2007).De maneira geral, para aumentar a resolubilidade, também é necessário a adequação das ações à nova conjuntura demográfica brasileira. Essa nova conjuntura demográfica repercute no perfil epidemiológico de morbimortalidade, marcado pelo envelhecimento populacional e consequente diminuição proporcional da incidência de doenças infectocontagiosas e aumento das doenças crônico-degenerativas, como o câncer (ASSIS; JESUS, 2012).O câncer de mama é o mais incidente entre as mulheres no mundo (ROSA; RADÜNZ, 2012). Dados brasileiros de 2015 demonstram incidência de 57 mil novos casos, dado que põe o câncer de mama como terceiro mais incidente na população brasileira geral e o primeiro entre as mulheres brasileiras (INCA, 2014).É neste panorama que desde 2004, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) preconiza o exame clínico anual para mulheres assintomáticas a partir dos 40 anos de idade e a mamografia bienal para as mulheres entre 50 e 69 anos, com recomendações mais intensas para as que pertencem a grupos de alto risco (BRASIL, 2013).Essas medidas de controle fazem parte dos principais meios para a obtenção de um dos objetivos específicos das Diretrizes Nacionais de Saúde da Mulher, a redução da morbimortalidade por câncer na população feminina. No entanto, a eficácia do controle dos cânceres de colo de útero e da mama depende de uma Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) qualificada e organizada, integrada com os demais níveis de atenção (BRASIL, 2013), uma vez que o acesso universal, igualitário e ordenado às ações e serviços de saúde começa pela porta de entrada do SUS, e, se completa na rede regionalizada e hierarquizada, de acordo com a complexidade do serviço, como previsto no Decreto nº 7.508, de 2011.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS SISTEMAS DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA DAS PEQUENAS CIDADES DO TERRITÓRIO DO SISAL PARA A ORGANIZAÇÃO ESPACIAL (1990 a 2014)
Authors: SILVA VALDINÉIA GUSMÃO
Published: February 2022

A presente pesquisa intitulada “A influência dos sistemas de energia elétrica das pequenas cidades do Território do Sisal para a organização espacial (1990 a 2014)”, procurou analisar o sistema de energia elétrica das pequenas cidades de Valente, Queimadas, Cansanção, Itiúba, Monte Santo, Retirolândia, Quijingue, São Domingos, Barrocas, Teofilândia, Nordestina, Biritinga, Candeal, Ichu, Lamarão, Serrinha, Conceição do Coité, Santaluz, Tucano e Araci que compõem o Território de Identidade do Sisal. O foco da pesquisa se concentrou em analisar a atual configuração do sistema de energia elétrica e sua influência para a configuração espacial das pequenas cidades, através da compreensão de como a expansão da rede de energia elétrica influenciou o crescimento da pequena cidade e implantação do setor produtivo na mesma, mapeando ainda a rede de distribuição e subestações presentes no Território.Observasse a relevante importância que este sistema possui, apontado como um dos responsáveis pela geração de conforto, segurança e desenvolvimento de um determinado local, esta pesquisa se faz significativa, podendo ter seus resultados posteriormente utilizados para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de questões sociais e econômicas do Território.
AVALIAÇÃO DE UMA TRAJETÓRIA: TECNOLOGIAS SOCIAIS TRANSFORMANDO RURALIDADES NO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO
Authors: Dos Santos Silva João Paulo
Published: February 2022

Vivemos em uma época em que as tecnologias, mais do que nunca, fazem parte do nosso cotidiano. Dentre essas tecnologias, observa-se um destaque relevante para a internet, a televisão, as mídias digitais, os celulares, entre tantas outras. Por outro lado, existe outro viés tecnológico tão importante que tem ganhado espaço cada vez mais considerável em muitas comunidades, cidades e regiões do Brasil, conhecido como tecnologia social (TS). Apesar das tecnologias sociais estarem voltadas para pequenas empresas, cooperativas e pequenos agronegócios, elas estão começando a ser desenvolvidas sob outros olhares e experiências em universidades e escolas.Neste sentido, destacam-se as experiências de Lopes e colaboradores (2011) e Bagattolli e Jesus (2013), ambas buscando o desenvolvimento de TS com cunho pedagógico. Ao longo dos anos, o conceito sofreu modificações e adequações para a concretização de uma política pública sob a concepção geral de uma participação comunitária no processo de construção tecnológica, um custo baixo de investimento e do produto dessa construção, bem como a simplicidade e os aspectos positivos oriundos de sua aplicabilidade em um determinado lugar (DAGNINO et al., 2004).De acordo com Thomas (2009), TS é uma maneira de criar, desenvolver, implementar e administrar tecnologia orientada a resolver problemas sociais e ambientais, gerando dinâmicas sociais e econômicas de inclusão social e de desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar uma tecnologia social que vem sendo desenvolvida no contexto da Educação do Campo no semiárido baiano, e como essa TS tem contrubuído para a construção de novas ruralidades.
Memória sobre estilhaços de bombas em Barcelona
Authors: Santos da Silva Daniel Carlos
Published: February 2022

Esse artigo objetiva analisar a construção cronotópica de Ramona, adiós (1972), de Montserrat Roig, com vistas à discussão do processo de exílio decorrente da ditadura franquista. Para tanto, compreendo-o também como condição para os que permaneceram em território espanhol durante o franquismo, remetendo-me à noção impressa no romance de Miguel Salabert: El exilio interior. Analisarei passagens da obra de Roig nas quais as três protagonistas caminham pelas ruas de Barcelona em distintos períodos, considerando que esse percurso analítico pode lançar luz sobre o cotidiano de sujeitos sufocados durante e em um tempo-espaço de exceção.
Cartographies as spaces of inquiry to explore of teachers’ nomadic learning trajectories
Authors: Hernandez-Hernandez Fernando , Sancho Gil Juana Maria , Domingo-Coscollola Maria
Published: February 2022

This paper is part of a research project, in which secondary teachers were invited to generate cartographies, and participate in conversations about the scenarios and where they learn and the movements they make, inside and outside school. They were also invited to think about what they valued of this performative act as a source of knowledge and experience. By generating cartographies, as a visual and textual epistemological and methodological move, we inquire those interstices, displacements, instable journeys, ways of knowing, assemblages and entanglement through which teachers explore and perform their nomadic learning paths. The main aim of this research process it is no longer about getting results but generating and putting into action concepts such as rhizome, intensity, affect, gesture, displacement, metaphor. Concepts that are helping us to think about how learning gets through teachers’ movements and trajectories. Specifically, in this paper, we reflect on how nomadism localizes learning not as an outcome but as an activity staged within a processual, relational and performative ontology of becoming. In addition, we consider how all these processes affect us, as teachers and researchers.
Media training for future education professionals: A study of the Spanish Context
Authors: Rodríguez-Hoyos Carlos , Fueyo Gutiérrez Aquilina
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of research aimed at finding out how training in media education is being developing in Spanish Universities. From a methodological perspective, this work is part of what can be considered a mixed research paradigm. In the first phase, the content of 179 study guides from 83 Spanish universities was analysed using a thematic coding system to analyse the data. In the second phase, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with university teachers in charge of teaching subjects related to media education in order to understand how they were developing these experiences (methodologies used, systems of assessment, etc.).  The results show that the presence of dimensions of media education in curricula is unequal and that teachers are using a wide range of teaching methods and evaluation tools. This study suggests that the education authorities and university teachers should rethink training for future teachers and include contents that facilitate understanding the functioning of the media as a way of accessing diverse cultural representations.
Development of Digital University Model in Modern Conditions: Institutional Approach
Authors: Akhmetshin Elvir Munirovich , Vasilev Vladimir Lvovich , Kozachek Artemiy Vladimirovich , Meshkova Galina Vladimirovna , Mikhailova Maria Vladimirovna
Published: February 2022

Currently, special attention is paid to the development of digital technologies. In the context of the pandemic, the remote, distance, digital format of work has become top requested. Those events coincided with the general trend towards total digitalization of all spheres of life, including education. New concepts have emerged and taken hold - digital education and digital university. However, a mechanism for the development of a digital university has not yet been proposed. In the present study, an institutional approach was used to analyze the problems of the development of a digital university. The research scheme was used: institutions - motivation - control. The results of the empirical study (questionnaire and survey of university entries and its partners) made it possible to identify the existing contradictions between the participants in university activities and the external environment in terms of assessing aspects of the digital development of the university, to highlight the most effective institutions, conditions of positive motivation and control mechanisms for successful digital transformation of a university. The authors propose their own version of the concept for the development of a digital university, introducing as the core of it a new scientific concept - infrastructure logic. They lay a foundation for the principles of infrastructure logic, formation mechanisms and approaches to the use of indicators of digital development based on infrastructure logic, directions for improving the strategy of digital development of the university 4.0. The conclusions and recommendations formulated in this study can be used by other educational systems and universities.
Female Higher Education Teachers Use Digital Technologies More and Better than They Think
Authors: Mercader Cristina , Duran-Bellonch Mar
Published: February 2022

The unequal status of female teachers in higher education is a reality. However, are digital technologies another reason for their exclusion? The main aim of this study was to analyze the integration of digital technologies in teaching from a gender perspective. The research was a multiple case study applying the quantitative method. The sample comprised 527 teachers from four Spanish universities. The instrument utilized was a self-administered survey. The results confirm both types of segregation and the fact that female teachers see themselves as less digitally competent than their male counterparts; ironically, the findings also show that the former use information and communication technologies in teaching more than the latter. In conclusion, we highlight the need to study more deeply the intersection between digital breach and gender in higher education, and to take measures during the early stages of education to overcome female teachers’ tendency of underestimating their digital competence.
Perspectiva de género en profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Rodríguez-Cala Ana , Calle-Rodríguez Candela , Pons-Rodríguez Anna , Durán-García Noemí
Published: February 2022

Introducción. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha generado una crisis sanitaria con un contundente impacto social, derivado en gran medida de las políticas de confinamiento de la población. Estudios anteriores han puesto en evidencia las desigualdades de género que generan las pandemias. Objetivo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en profesionales de la salud desde perspectiva de género, en aspectos de la esfera profesional, familiar y social. Material y método. El estudio es de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, con una metodología de investigación cuantitativa transversal. El instrumento para la recogida de los datos es un cuestionario estructurado administrado por correo electrónico. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo de las principales características de las personas participantes según el género. Resultados. Los resultados del estudio apuntan a la existencia de desigualdades entre profesionales de la salud, determinadas por el género, en referencia a la participación en la toma de decisiones, la diferente carga que suponen las tareas de cuidado, el impacto en aspectos emocionales y percepciones sobre lo que supone la pandemia para hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones. El papel de la mujer debe ser tenido en cuenta en la gestión de las pandemias. Especialmente debe implicarse a las mujeres en la toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la salud para tratar aspectos relacionados con el abordaje sanitario, así como las consecuencias sociales y emocionales que afectan a las profesionales derivadas de la carga asistencial y la falta de corresponsabilidad en los cuidados.
¿Es posible dar el pecho sin embarazo previo? Protocolos para la inducción a la lactancia materna
Authors: Garrote Muñoz Montserrat Rocio , Giménez-Bonafé Pepita
Published: February 2022

Introducción. La lactancia inducida es un método a través del cual una madre no gestante puede dar el pecho a su bebé. Los nuevos modelos de familia formados por parejas homosexuales, gestación por sustitución y adopción son los casos típicos en los que se puede optar por llevar a cabo este proceso. Los métodos existentes para la inducción son farmacológicos y no farmacológicos, ambos recogidos en unos protocolos específicos. Objetivos. Profundizar sobre el mecanismo que permite la inducción de la lactancia, los tipos de protocolos existentes, detallando qué técnicas se usaron y determinando cuáles son los factores de éxito para una inducción satisfactoria. Material y métodos. Búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Web of Science, Cinahl. Se amplía la búsqueda en Journal of Human Lactation y la revista Musas. Fueron seleccionados 16 artículos de casos relacionados con la inducción a la lactancia. Resultados. La mayoría de las madres consiguen instaurar la lactancia gracias a la motivación personal, el apoyo emocional y la estimulación y succión del pecho. Conclusiones. Surge la necesidad de informar a los sanitarios y consultores para que promuevan y asesoren sobre la lactancia inducida. Son necesarios más estudios para poder estandarizar los métodos inductivos y poderlos individualizar en función del caso, objetivos y expectativas, ya que, en función de estos, se determinará el éxito de la inducción.
Los nuevos caminos del neoliberalismo: el caso de la economía colaborativa y el deseo de emancipación
Authors: Montés Mora Jaume
Published: February 2022

En este ensayo se analizan los cambios sucedidos en la gubernamentalidad neoliberal y la forma en la que se han articulado un conjunto de relaciones sociales fluidas caracterizadas por la falta de orden estructural. Consecuencia de ello, han aparecido nuevos vínculos con el mercado laboral, como es el caso de diferentes apps-empresa de reparto de comida a domicilio, que implican una vulnerabilidad y precariedad que no estaban presentes en el anterior modelo fordista. Con tal de esclarecer la lógica detrás de esta economía colaborativa, el autor trata de hacer dialogar la tradición gramsciana de la hegemonía con los aportes foucaultianos del poder y así dar cuenta de algunas propuestas políticas que ayuden a pensar la construcción de sociedades del bienestar cuyo fin principal sea el tiempo garantizado.
Apuntes para una genealogía del poder en la era digital
Authors: Contreras García Joel Jair
Published: February 2022

En el artículo se propone un estudio del poder en la época digital a partir de las propuestas teóricas de Michel Foucault y Gilles Deleuze que parten de la metodología genealógica, planteando que un desarrollo de sus teorías permitiría comprender la problemática de la sociedad capitalista actual como la instauración de un apartheid online y las alternativas de una filosofía intempestiva, que criticaría las dinámicas de las nuevas formas de la sociedad capitalista conceptualizada como una sociedad del control.
Graduates and competences: analyzing the gap between university and enterprise
Authors: Riera Prunera Carme , Alcañiz Manuela , Chuliá Helena , Pujol-Jover Maria
Published: February 2022

As a result of the process of convergence relative to higher education initiated in Bologna in 1999, the role of the University in the society is undergoing a profound transformation. The traditional paradigm, according to which the University is the point of departure for constructing knowledge at the highest level, is now under consideration in order to accommodate more vocational training studies, which include the acquisition of competencies as a central pillar. Nevertheless, two of the main actors that play a role in the process, academics and entrepreneurs, have different points of view with respect to the skills a graduate entering the labor market should have. Based on the results from a survey conducted at the University of Barcelona, we will show how firms turn in favor of competencies related to medium-short term productivity, whereas the university balks at setting aside knowledge with more scientific nature. This scenario reinforces the need of a deeper dialogue between University and firms, pointing out the benefits that some adjustments in college training may end up providing the society.
Aprendizaje de soft skills con retos sociales
Authors: Martín Gómez Sonia , Bartolome Mu´ñoz de Luna Angel
Published: February 2022

Se presenta un proyecto de innovación educativa realizado en los cursos 20-21 y 21-22 de primero y segundo del Título Propio de Liderazgo de la Universidad San Pablo CEU de Madrid. Durante este curso académico se ha puesto en marcha en ambos cursos un nuevo proyecto educativo basado en la docencia virtual mixta (híbrida), donde las masterclass o sesiones más teóricas se han complementado con un Challenge Based Learning o Aprendizaje Basado en Retos (ABR) vinculado a las materias de ambos cursos, aplicando la metodología Design Sprint, para cuya realización se ha empleado la plataforma Teams. El objetivo era hacer partícipe al alumno de su proceso formativo, al pretender un aprendizaje experiencial de las soft skills, propias de cualquier curso de liderazgo, aplicando métodos agiles de trabajo, que son cada vez más utilizados en las empresas. En este sentido, el aprendizaje basado en desafíos ha supuesto una experiencia donde los participantes han desarrollado soluciones que requieren un enfoque interdisciplinario y creativo para el desarrollo de estas habilidades blandas.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of orange-red carbon dots
from the paper tissues as the precursor
Authors: Lu Yujie , Gao Hui , Chen Buxi , Xue Zhipeng , Shang Yunpeng , Xu Jinzeng , Yin Wenzhi , Yang Taiqun , Li Xiaolong , Chen Guoqing
Published: February 2022

In recent years, stable and photoluminescence (PL) tunable fluorescent materials known
as carbon dots (CDs) have seen rapid development. Here, a simple,
low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach has been developed to
synthesize the orange-red CDs (OR-CDs) with paper tissues as the
precursor in the presence of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid.
The average diameter of the OR-CDs was measured at around 1.25 nm. The
as-prepared OR-CDs are composed of carbon cores with the graphite
structure distributed in the middle and wrapped or entangled by
polymers for the outside. Moreover, the PL characteristics of the
OR-CDs under the dilute solution state and the concentrated solution
state, respectively, were explored. The former with the blue light
showed prominent excitation-dependent characteristics in the range
from 365 to 420 nm; the latter rendered the excitation-independent
property with distinguished orange-red fluorescence emission. With an
increase in the concentration, the emission fluorescence intensities
gradually increased under the excitation wavelength of 540 nm, which
can be attributed to the aggregation-induced emission property of the
OR-CDs. By virtue of their excellent PL properties and low toxicity,
we believe that the OR-CDs have potential applications in various
optoelectronic areas, especially in white LED fields.
Microgroove formation in thin copper by laser-induced cavitation bubble shock: numerical and experimental investigation
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Deng Yu , Zou Zhixiang , Xiao Yingjie , Su Guokang , Guo Zhongning
Published: February 2022

A laser-induced cavitation bubble shock forming technology is proposed for microgroove formation in thin copper. It is stamped by using the impact pressure generated by the laser breakdown of liquid. The impact-induced micro-formation of thin copper is studied by numerical simulation and experimentation. A finite-element model is developed, and the impact pressure created by laser-induced cavitation is measured to study the spatial distribution of impact pressure. The laser-induced cavitation process of the high-speed impact on thin copper is numerically simulated. The results of simulations are consistent with those of experiments, confirming the model’s accuracy. The simulation is then used to study the dynamic formation and deformation behavior of the laser-induced cavitation impact of thin copper. The stress and thickness distributions during the formation of microgrooves in thin copper are also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of laser fluence and copper thickness on formation is studied. The results reveal that the high-speed impact forming of thin copper by laser-induced cavitation is due to three impact forces: a plasma shock wave, a cavitation shock wave, and a microjet, and this technology can be used to form thin metal walls.
Weakly coupled hybrid guided mode resonance optical transmission filter
Authors: He Rong , Chen Cheng , Shen Ruoyu , Hu Ertao , Zhang Rongjun , Chen Liangyao , Guo Junpeng
Published: February 2022

Hybrid metal-dielectric guided mode resonance devices have an advantage over the all-dielectric guided mode resonance device for having a thin metal grating conductive layer that can be used as an electrode for tunable applications. In this work, we investigate the coupling between the waveguide mode and surface plasmons of the gold nanoslits grating in the hybrid guided mode resonance filter. It is shown that the coupling between the waveguide mode and surface plasmons can be engineered by increasing either the thickness of the low index of the refraction spacing layer or the thickness of the high index of the refraction waveguide layer. Therefore, a narrow spectral linewidth and a high finesse of hybrid guided mode resonance filters can be obtained by increasing the thickness of the low index of the refraction spacing layer or the thickness of the high index of the refraction waveguide layer. A hybrid guided mode resonance transmission filter with a narrow spectral linewidth of 2.8 nm is designed at the 1660.2 nm center wavelength.
Dominant magnetically induced transitions in alkali metal atoms with nuclear spin 3/2
Authors: Sargsyan Armen , Tonoyan Ara , Momier Rodolphe , Leroy Claude , Sarkisyan David
Published: February 2022

The probabilities of atomic transitions

F
e

−

F
g

=
±
2

between a ground

F
g

and an excited

F
e

level of the

D
2

line of any alkali metal atom are zero when no external magnetic field is applied. In an external magnetic field in the range of 0.1–3 kG, the probabilities of these transitions called magnetically induced (MI) are highly modified. For MI transitions, we previously exhibited the following rule: the probabilities of MI transitions with

Δ
F
=
+
2

are maximal when using

σ
+

-polarized laser radiation, while the probabilities of MI transitions with

Δ
F
=
−
2

are maximal when using

σ
−

-polarized laser radiation. This difference has been termed type 1 MI circular dichroism. It is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that for alkali atoms with a nuclear spin

I
=
3

/

2

(

87

R
b

,

39

K

,

23

N
a

,

7

L
i

) in magnetic fields

>

100

G

, the probability of the strongest

σ
+

MI transition of the group

F
g

=
1
→

F
e

=

3
′

(transition

|

1
,
−
1
⟩
→

|

3
′

,

0
′

⟩

) is about four times higher than the probabilities of the strongest MI

σ
−

-transitions

|

1
,
−
1
⟩
→

|

3
′

,
−

2
′

⟩

and

|

2
,
+
1
⟩
→

|

0
′

,

0
′

⟩

. These properties make the

σ
+

MI transition

|

1
,
−
1
⟩
→

|

3
′

,

0
′

⟩

an interesting candidate for the study of magneto-optical processes in strong magnetic fields.
Compressive sensing based parameter estimation for free-space continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Authors: Jing Feng , Liu Xiaowen , Wang Xingyu , Lu Yijie , Wu Tianyi , Li Kai , Dong Chen
Published: February 2022

In satellite-based free-space continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD), the parameter estimation for the atmospheric channel fluctuations due to the turbulence effects and attenuation is crucial for analyzing and improving the protocol performance. However, the partial key data usually need to be sacrificed for the parameter estimation leading to the secret key reduction and the possible information leakage, especially when the channel is varying. In this paper, compressive sensing (CS) theory is applied to free-space CV-QKD to achieve the channel parameter estimation with small amount of key data sacrifice and low computational complexity. According to CS theory, the possibility of the sparse representation for free-space channel is analyzed and the two types of sparse reconstruction models for the channel parameters are constructed combining with the stability of the sub-channels. The most part of key data for parameter estimation is saved by using the model constructed by the variables in the quantum signals, while all the key data can be saved and be used to generate the secret key by using the model constructed by the second-order statistics of the variables. Thus, the methods can generate more secret key, improve the secret key rate, and be well adapted for the cases with the limited communication time since fewer or no key data (variables) is sacrificed for parameter estimation. Finally, simulation results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Spectro-temporal behavior of dye-based solid-state random lasers under picosecond pumping regime
Authors: Iparraguirre I. , Azkargorta J. , garcía-Revilla S. , Fernández J. , Balda R.
Published: February 2022

In this work, the spectral and temporal properties of the random laser emission from dye-doped solid state powders are investigated in picosecond pumping regime. Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy achieved with a streak-camera has been used to perform a detailed study of the temporal evolution of the spectrum of their single pulses. Under conditions of low population inversion density, it is observed that the detected radiation occurs as isolated peaks with a very narrow spectro-temporally spread (ΔωΔt≅1). This behavior remains under conditions of high population inversion density, suggesting that the underlying physical mechanism that produces the emission is the same whatever the pumping conditions. Measurements carried out by varying the numerical aperture of the detection system show that each detected peak within a single pulse is associated with a photon pack emitted in a random direction and wavelength. The relationship between the distribution of paths lengths done by photons inside the active medium, and the gain explains the observed behavior.
Dynamics of a semiconductor laser with feedback and modulation: experiments and model comparison
Authors: Tiana-Alsina Jordi , Masoller Cristina
Published: February 2022

We study experimentally and numerically the dynamics of a semiconductor laser near threshold, subject to optical feedback and sinusoidal current modulation. The laser operates in the low frequency fluctuation (LFF) regime where, without modulation, the intensity shows sudden spikes at irregular times. Under particular modulation conditions the spikes lock to the modulation and their timing becomes highly regular. While the modulated LFF dynamics has received a lot of attention, an in-depth comparison with the predictions of the Lang-Kobayashi (LK) model has not yet been performed. Here we use the LK model to simulate the laser dynamics and use the Fano factor to quantify the regularity of the timing of the spikes. The Fano factor is calculated by counting the number of spikes in successive segments of the intensity time-series and keeps information about temporal order in the spike sequence that is lost when the analysis is based on the distribution of inter-spike intervals. Here we compare the spike timing regularity in experimental and in simulated spike sequences as a function of the modulation amplitude and frequency and find a good qualitative agreement. We find that in both experiments and simulation for appropriate conditions the spike timing can be highly regular, as revealed by very small values of the Fano factor.
Low-power all-optical switch based on a graphene-buried polymer waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Jiang Lianzhong , Huang Quandong , Chiang Kin Seng
Published: February 2022

We propose a low-power all-optical switch based on the structure of a graphene-buried balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), where the signal light is switched between the two output ports of the MZI by the heat generated from graphene’s absorption of the pump light. We use orthogonal polarizations for the pump and the signal light to maximize pump absorption and minimize graphene-induced signal loss. Our experimental device fabricated with polymer waveguides buried with 5-mm long graphene shows a pump absorption of 10.6 dB (at 980 nm) and a graphene-induced signal loss of 1.1 dB (at 1550 nm) and can switch the signal light with a pump power of 6.0 mW at an extinction ratio of 36 dB. The actual pump power absorbed by graphene for activating switching is estimated to be 2.2 mW. The rise and fall times of the switch are 1.0 and 2.7 ms, respectively. The switching characteristics are weakly sensitive to ambient temperature variations. Our device can be butt-coupled to single-mode fibers and could find applications in fiber-based and on-chip all-optical signal processing.
Examination of deblur processing according to optical parameters in aerial image
Authors: Kikuta Hayato , Yasugi Masaki , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: February 2022

We propose a pre-processing method of source image to reduce blur of aerial image that is formed with aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR). The image blur in the AIRR optical system depends on the optical elements and the incident angle. In this paper, the point spread function (PSF) was measured by changing the optical arrangements and the retro-reflectors. A deconvolution processing based on the obtained PSF was applied on the aerial image. The accuracy of the deconvolution processing was quantitatively evaluated by use of three types of image quality indices. These numerical experimental results show the possibility of removing the blur of the aerial image by applying the deconvolution process based on the PSF of AIRR optical system.
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort
Authors: Finch Emilie , Lowe Rachel , Fischinger Stephanie , de St Aubin Michael , Siddiqui Sameed M. , Dayal Diana , Loesche Michael A. , Rhee Justin , Beger Samuel , Hu Yiyuan , Gluck Matthew J. , Mormann Benjamin , Hasdianda Mohammad A. , Musk Elon R. , Alter Galit , Menon Anil S. , Nilles Eric J. , Kucharski Adam J. ,   on behalf of the CMMID COVID-19 working group and the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative
Published: February 2022

Identifying the potential for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection. We estimated an odds ratio for reinfection ranging from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.019 to 0.63) to 0.28 (95% CI: 0.05 to 1.1), implying that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline is associated with around 72% to 86% reduced odds of a subsequent PCR positive test based on our point estimates. This suggests that primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection in the majority of individuals, at least over a 6-month time period. We also highlight 2 major sources of bias and uncertainty to be considered when estimating the relative risk of reinfection, confounders and the choice of baseline time point, and show how to account for both in reinfection analysis.
RFX transcription factors control a miR-150/PDAP1 axis that restrains the proliferation of human T cells
Authors: Chirichella Michele , Bianchi Niccolò , Džafo Emina , Foli Elena , Gualdrini Francesco , Kenyon Amy , Natoli Gioacchino , Monticelli Silvia
Published: February 2022

Within the immune system, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert key regulatory functions. However, what are the mRNA targets regulated by miRNAs and how miRNAs are transcriptionally regulated themselves remain for the most part unknown. We found that in primary human memory T helper lymphocytes, miR-150 was the most abundantly expressed miRNA, and its expression decreased drastically upon activation, suggesting regulatory roles. Constitutive MIR150 gene expression required the RFX family of transcription factors, and its activation-induced down-regulation was linked to their reduced expression. By performing miRNA pull-down and sequencing experiments, we identified PDGFA-associated protein 1 (PDAP1) as one main target of miR-150 in human T lymphocytes. PDAP1 acted as an RNA-binding protein (RBP), and its CRISPR/Cas-9–mediated deletion revealed that it prominently contributed to the regulation of T-cell proliferation. Overall, using an integrated approach involving quantitative analysis, unbiased genomics, and genome editing, we identified RFX factors, miR-150, and the PDAP1 RBP as the components of a regulatory axis that restrains proliferation of primary human T lymphocytes.
Combination and competition between path integration and landmark navigation in the estimation of heading direction
Authors: Harootonian Sevan K. , Ekstrom Arne D. , Wilson Robert C.
Published: February 2022

Successful navigation requires the ability to compute one’s location and heading from incoming multisensory information. Previous work has shown that this multisensory input comes in two forms: body-based idiothetic cues, from one’s own rotations and translations, and visual allothetic cues, from the environment (usually visual landmarks). However, exactly how these two streams of information are integrated is unclear, with some models suggesting the body-based idiothetic and visual allothetic cues are combined, while others suggest they compete. In this paper we investigated the integration of body-based idiothetic and visual allothetic cues in the computation of heading using virtual reality. In our experiment, participants performed a series of body turns of up to 360 degrees in the dark with only a brief flash (300ms) of visual feedbacken route. Because the environment was virtual, we had full control over the visual feedback and were able to vary the offset between this feedback and the true heading angle. By measuring the effect of the feedback offset on the angle participants turned, we were able to determine the extent to which they incorporated visual feedback as a function of the offset error. By further modeling this behavior we were able to quantify the computations people used. While there were considerable individual differences inperformanceon our task, with some participants mostly ignoring the visual feedback and others relying on it almost entirely, our modeling results suggest that almost all participants used the samestrategyin which idiothetic and allothetic cues are combined when the mismatch between them is small, but compete when the mismatch is large. These findings suggest that participants update their estimate of heading using a hybrid strategy that mixes the combination and competition of cues.
Homeostatic control of synaptic rewiring in recurrent networks induces the formation of stable memory engrams
Authors: Gallinaro Júlia V. , Gašparović Nebojša , Rotter Stefan
Published: February 2022

Brain networks store new memories using functional and structural synaptic plasticity. Memory formation is generally attributed to Hebbian plasticity, while homeostatic plasticity is thought to have an ancillary role in stabilizing network dynamics. Here we report that homeostatic plasticity alone can also lead to the formation of stable memories. We analyze this phenomenon using a new theory of network remodeling, combined with numerical simulations of recurrent spiking neural networks that exhibit structural plasticity based on firing rate homeostasis. These networks are able to store repeatedly presented patterns and recall them upon the presentation of incomplete cues. Storage is fast, governed by the homeostatic drift. In contrast, forgetting is slow, driven by a diffusion process. Joint stimulation of neurons induces the growth of associative connections between them, leading to the formation of memory engrams. These memories are stored in a distributed fashion throughout connectivity matrix, and individual synaptic connections have only a small influence. Although memory-specific connections are increased in number, the total number of inputs and outputs of neurons undergo only small changes during stimulation. We find that homeostatic structural plasticity induces a specific type of “silent memories”, different from conventional attractor states.
Chiral evasion and stereospecific antifolate resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Siyu , Reeve Stephanie M. , Holt Graham T. , Ojewole Adegoke A. , Frenkel Marcel S. , Gainza Pablo , Keshipeddy Santosh , Fowler Vance G. , Wright Dennis L. , Donald Bruce R.
Published: February 2022

Antimicrobial resistance presents a significant health care crisis. The mutation F98Y in Staphylococcus aureus dihydrofolate reductase (SaDHFR) confers resistance to the clinically important antifolate trimethoprim (TMP). Propargyl-linked antifolates (PLAs), next generation DHFR inhibitors, are much more resilient than TMP against this F98Y variant, yet this F98Y substitution still reduces efficacy of these agents. Surprisingly, differences in the enantiomeric configuration at the stereogenic center of PLAs influence the isomeric state of the NADPH cofactor. To understand the molecular basis of F98Y-mediated resistance and how PLAs’ inhibition drives NADPH isomeric states, we used protein design algorithms in the osprey protein design software suite to analyze a comprehensive suite of structural, biophysical, biochemical, and computational data. Here, we present a model showing how F98Y SaDHFR exploits a different anomeric configuration of NADPH to evade certain PLAs’ inhibition, while other PLAs remain unaffected by this resistance mechanism.