bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling and Predicting the Cumulative Helpfulness (Quality) of Crowd-Sourced Reviews
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Marjani Mohsen , Hashem Ibrahim Abaker Targio , Gani Abdullah , Liaqat Misbah , Ko Kwangman
Published: September 2019

With easy access to the Internet and the popularity of online review platforms, the volume of crowd-sourced reviews is continuously rising. Many studies have acknowledged the importance of reviews in making purchase decisions. The consumer’s feedback plays a vital role in the success or failure of a business. The number of studies on predicting helpfulness and ranking reviews is increasing due to the increasing importance of reviews. However, previous studies have mainly focused on predicting helpfulness of “reviews” and “reviewer”. This study aimed to profile cumulative helpfulness received by a business and then use it for business ranking. The reliability of proposed cumulative helpfulness for ranking was illustrated using a dataset of 1,92,606 businesses from Yelp.com. Seven business and four reviewer features were identified to predict cumulative helpfulness using Linear Regression (LNR), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Neural Network (NNet). The dataset was subdivided into 12 datasets based on business categories to predict the cumulative helpfulness. The results reported that business features, including star rating, review count and days since the last review are the most important features among all business categories. Moreover, using reviewer features along with business features improves the prediction performance for seven datasets. Lastly, the implications of this study are discussed for researchers, review platforms and businesses.
Generalism in Nature…The Great Misnomer: Aphids and Wasp Parasitoids as Examples
Authors: Loxdale Hugh D. , Balog Adalbert , Harvey Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2019

In the present article we discuss why, in our view, the term ‘generalism’ to define the dietary breadth of a species is a misnomer and should be revised by entomologists/ecologists with the more exact title relating to the animal in question’s level of phagy—mono-, oligo, or polyphagy. We discard generalism as a concept because of the indisputable fact that all living organisms fill a unique ecological niche, and that entry and exit from such niches are the acknowledged routes and mechanisms driving ecological divergence and ultimately speciation. The term specialist is probably still useful and we support its continuing usage simply because all species and lower levels of evolutionary diverge are indeed specialists to a large degree. Using aphids and parasitoid wasps as examples, we provide evidence from the literature that even some apparently highly polyphagous agricultural aphid pest species and their wasp parasitoids are probably not as polyphagous as formerly assumed. We suggest that the shifting of plant hosts by herbivorous insects like aphids, whilst having positive benefits in reducing competition, and reducing antagonists by moving the target organism into ‘enemy free space’, produces trade-offs in survival, involving relaxed selection in the case of the manicured agro-ecosystem.
Tribological Properties of High-Speed Uniform Femtosecond Laser Patterning on Stainless Steel
Authors: Gnilitskyi Iaroslav , Rota Alberto , Gualtieri Enrico , Valeri Sergio , Orazi Leonardo
Published: September 2019

In this work, an analysis of the tribological performance of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) treated X5CrNi1810 stainless steel was conducted. The approach followed by authors was to generate LIPSS-patterned circular tracks, composed of radial straight grooves with uniform angular periodicity. This permitted to measure the tribological properties in a pin-on-flat configuration, keeping fixed the orientation between the grooves and the sliding direction. A Stribeck curve was measured, as well as the consequent wear. A deep analysis of the sub-surface conditions after LIPSS generation was moreover performed using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cross-section.
Geopolymer, Calcium Aluminate, and Portland Cement-Based Mortars: Comparing Degradation Using Acetic Acid
Authors: Ukrainczyk Neven , Muthu Murugan , Vogt Oliver , Koenders Eddie
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we comparitvley studied acetic acid attacks on geopolymer (GP-M), calcium aluminate (CAC-M), and Portland cement (PC-M)-based mortars. Consequent formations of deteriorated or transition layers surrounding the unaltered core material was classified in these three mortars, according to different degradation levels depending on what binder type was involved. Apart from mass loss, hardness, and deterioration depth, their microstructural alterations were analyzed using test methods such as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimeter (TGA-DSC), which showed the different mechanisms for each binder type. Elemental maps revealed the decalcification (PC-M and CAC-M) and depolymerization (GP-M) that occurred across the mortar sections. The mass loss, hardness, and porosity were the least affected for GP-M, followed by CAC-M. These results points out that geopolymer-based mortars have improved acid resistance, which can be used as a potential alternative to conventional cement concretes that have been exposed to agro-industrial environments.
Crystal Structures of Al2Cu Revisited: Understanding Existing Phases and Exploring Other Potential Phases
Authors: Wang Sai , Fan Changzeng
Published: September 2019

When processing single crystal X-ray diffraction datasets for twins of Al2Cu sample synthesized by the high-pressure sintering (HPS) method, we have clarified why the crystal structure of Al2Cu was incorrectly solved about a century ago. The structural relationships between all existing Al2Cu phases, including the Owen-, θ-, θ’-, and Ω-Al2Cu phases, were investigated and established based on a proposed pseudo Al2Cu phase. Two potential phases have been built up by adjusting the packing sequences of A/B layers of Al atoms that were inherent in all existing Al2Cu phases. The mechanical, thermal, and dynamical stability of two such novel phases and their electronic properties were investigated by first-principles calculations.
Quantification and Modelling of the Multiphase-Coupled Strengthening Effect in Al-Cu-Li Alloy
Authors: Zhang Jin , Li Zhide , Xu Fushun , Bao Chongjun
Published: September 2019

After aging heat treatment, Al-Cu-Li alloy, in general, contains a variety of precipitated phases that jointly influence the age-strengthening effect on the alloy. In this work, a multiphase-coupled strengthening model has been established on the basis of a dislocation bypassing mechanism. The model considered situations with different proportions of two strengthening phases, T1 and θ′, and then obtained the dimension and volume fractions of these two strengthening phases via experiments. The values predicted by the multiphase-coupled strengthening model and the classical strengthening superposition model were compared with the measured results. The multiphase-coupled strengthening model established in this work had better consistency with the measured results. Moreover, the modeling method proposed in the paper can also be extended to the system having over two primary strengthening phases. Hence, the model can contribute towards the development of a multi-component precipitation strengthening process for aluminum alloys.
The Distribution of Rare Metals in the LCT Pegmatites from the Giraúl Field, Angola
Authors: Gonçalves Antonio Olimpio , Melgarejo Joan-Carles , Alfonso Pura , Amores Sandra , Paniagua Andrés , Neto Andrés Buta , Morais Eduardo Alves , Camprubí Antoni
Published: September 2019

The Giraúl granitic pegmatite field in Angola is composed of five pegmatite types, the most evolved belong to the beryl-columbite, beryl-columbite-phosphate and spodumene types. Pegmatites are concentrically zoned with increased grain size toward a quartz core; the most evolved pegmatites have well-developed replacement units. These pegmatites are rich in Nb-Ta oxide minerals and the field has a moderate interest for critical elements such as Ta and Hf. Tourmaline, garnet and micas occur as accessory minerals. The abundance of Zr and Nb-Ta minerals increases with the evolution of the pegmatites, as well as the proportions of beryl and Li-rich minerals. The Ta/(Ta + Nb) ratio in Nb-Ta oxide minerals and the Hf/(Hf + Zr) ratio in zircon also increase with the evolution of the pegmatites and within each pegmatite body from border to inner zones, and especially in the late veins and subsolidus replacements. Textural patterns and occurrence of late veins with Ta-rich minerals suggest that Nb and especially Ta can be enriched in late hydrothermal fluids exsolved from the magma, along with Hf and other incompatible elements as Sn, U, Pb, Sb and Bi.
Volatiles from the Mandibular Gland Reservoir Content of Colobopsis explodens Laciny and Zettel, 2018, Worker Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Hoenigsberger Michaela , Kopchinskiy Alexey G , Bueschl Christoph , Parich Alexandra , Laciny Alice , Zettel Herbert , Salim Kamariah A , Lim Linda BL , Druzhinina Irina S , Schuhmacher Rainer
Published: September 2019

Forty-five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified or annotated in the mandibular gland reservoir content (MGRC) of the Southeast Asian ant Colobopsis explodens Laciny and Zettel, 2018 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid extraction combined with GC-MS. In extension of previous reports on VOCs of C. explodens, members of different compound classes, such as alkanes, aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, and phenolics, were detected. The ketone 2-heptanone and the biochemically related phenolics benzene-1,3,5-triol (phloroglucinol, PG), 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (monoacetylphloroglucinol, MAPG), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromen-4-one (noreugenin), and 1-(3-Acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone (2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, DAPG) dominated the GC-MS chromatograms. The identities of the main phenolics MAPG and noreugenin were further verified by liquid chromatography-high resolution-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). A comparative study of MGRC samples originating from three distinct field expeditions revealed differences in the VOC profiles, but the presence and relative abundances of the dominating constituents were largely consistent in all samples. Our study considerably extends the knowledge about the number and type of VOCs occurring in the MGRC of C. explodens. Based on the type of the detected compounds, we propose that the likely irritant and antibiotic phenolic constituents play a role in defense against arthropod opponents or in protection against microbial pathogens.
Two-Step Exfoliation of WS2 for NO2, H2 and Humidity Sensing Applications
Authors: Paolucci Valentina , Emamjomeh Seyed Mahmoud , Nardone Michele , Ottaviano Luca , Cantalini Carlo
Published: September 2019

WS2 exfoliated by a combined ball milling and sonication technique to produce few-layer WS2 is characterized and assembled as chemo-resistive NO2, H2 and humidity sensors. Microstructural analyses reveal flakes with average dimensions of 110 nm, “aspect ratio” of lateral dimension to the thickness of 27. Due to spontaneous oxidation of exfoliated WS2 to amorphous WO3, films have been pre-annealed at 180 °C to stabilize WO3 content at ≈58%, as determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and grazing incidence X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Microstructural analysis repeated after one-year conditioning highlighted that amorphous WO3 concentration is stable, attesting the validity of the pre-annealing procedure. WS2 films were NO2, H2 and humidity tested at 150 °C operating Temperature (OT), exhibiting experimental detection limits of 200 ppb and 5 ppm to NO2 and H2 in dry air, respectively. Long-term stability of the electrical response recorded over one year of sustained conditions at 150 °C OT and different gases demonstrated good reproducibility of the electrical signal. The role played by WO3 and WS2 upon gas response has been addressed and a likely reaction gas-mechanism presented. Controlling the microstructure and surface oxidation of exfoliated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) represents a stepping-stone to assess the reproducibility and long-term response of TMDs monolayers in gas sensing applications.
The Stability of Metallic MoS2 Nanosheets and Their Property Change by Annealing
Authors: Li Li , Chen Jiyang , Wu Keyue , Cao Chunbin , Shi Shiwei , Cui Jingbiao
Published: September 2019

Highly pure 1T MoS2 nanosheets were grown at 200 °C by a hydrothermal process. The effects of mild annealing on the structural and physical properties of the MoS2 were studied by heating the nanosheets in air and vacuum up to 350 °C. It was found that the annealing leads to an increase in resistivity for the nanosheets by 3 orders of magnitude, the appearance of two absorption bands in the visible range, and a hydrophilic to hydrophobic change in the surface wetting properties. Monitoring of the annealing process by Raman spectroscopy indicates that the material property changes are associated with a 1T to 2H MoS2 phase transition, with activation energies of 517 meV in air and 260 meV in vacuum. This study provides another way to control the electrical, optical, and surface properties of MoS2 nanosheets for fulfilling the needs of various applications.
Surfactant-Assisted Fabrication of Alumina-Doped Amorphous Silica Nanofiltration Membranes with Enhanced Water Purification Performances
Authors: Ma Xianzheng , Janowska Katarzyna , Boffa Vittorio , Fabbri Debora , Magnacca Giuliana , Calza Paola , Yue Yuanzheng
Published: September 2019

Surfactant-templated 5 mol% Al2O3-doped silica membranes nanofiltration membranes were synthesized via the sol-gel method, and afterward, were optimized, and tested with respect to the permeability and rejection rate. The disordered silica network was stabilized by doping 5 mol% alumina. Tetraethyl orthosilicate and aluminum isopropoxide were used as the silica and alumina precursors, respectively. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used not only as a pore-forming agent, but also to control the reaction rate of the aluminum isopropoxide, thus obtaining highly homogeneous materials. The results about filtration of model solutions showed that the optimized membranes are featured by both a relatively high water permeability (1.1–2.3 L·m−2·h−1 ·bar−1) and a high rejection for salts (74% for NaCl, and >95% for MgSO4 and Na2SO4) and organic pollutants (e.g., about 98% for caffeine). High rejection of divalent ions and organic molecules was also observed when a real wastewater effluent was filtered. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the membrane performance is discussed.
Gut Microbiota: An Important Link between Western Diet and Chronic Diseases
Authors: Shi Zumin
Published: September 2019

A Western diet characterised by high intake of energy-dense and processed food is a risk factor for many chronic diseases including diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases [...]
Electric Volume Resistivity for Biopolyimide Using 4,4′-Diamino-α-truxillic acid and 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
Authors: Kato Shunsuke , Amat Yusof Fitri Adila , Harimoto Toyohiro , Takada Kenji , Kaneko Tatsuo , Kawai Mika , Mitsumata Tetsu
Published: September 2019

Biopolyimides poly(ATA-CBDA), made from of 4,4′-diamino-α-truxillic acid dimethyl ester (ATA) and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA), is synthesized and measured its electric volume resistivity at various experimental conditions. The effects of film size, thickness, drying time, and the electric field strength on electric resistivity are investigated and compared with polyimide (Kapton). The electric resistivity for all polyimide and biopolyimide are distributed in the range of 1015–1016 Ωcm, which shows that biopolyimide has high electrical insulation as well as polyimide. The electric resistivity strongly depends on film thickness, which suggests that electric resistivity is a function of electric field strength. The critical electric field for polyimide and biopolyimide films are determined to be 5.8 × 107 V/m and 3.2 × 107 V/m, respectively. Humidity was found to strongly affect the electric resistivity; ~1016 Ωcm at 34% RH and ~1013 Ωcm at 60% RH for both polyimide and biopolyimide films.
Top-Down Proteomics of Medicinal Cannabis
Authors: Vincent Delphine , Binos Steve , Rochfort Simone , Spangenberg German
Published: September 2019

The revised legislation on medicinal cannabis has triggered a surge of research studies in this space. Yet, cannabis proteomics is lagging. In a previous study, we optimised the protein extraction of mature buds for bottom-up proteomics. In this follow-up study, we developed a top-down mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics strategy to identify intact denatured protein from cannabis apical buds. After testing different source-induced dissociation (SID), collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) parameters on infused known protein standards, we devised three LC-MS/MS methods for top-down sequencing of cannabis proteins. Different MS/MS modes produced distinct spectra, albeit greatly overlapping between SID, CID, and HCD. The number of fragments increased with the energy applied; however, this did not necessarily translate into greater sequence coverage. Some precursors were more amenable to fragmentation than others. Sequence coverage decreased as the mass of the protein increased. Combining all MS/MS data maximised amino acid (AA) sequence coverage, achieving 73% for myoglobin. In this experiment, most cannabis proteins were smaller than 30 kD. A total of 46 cannabis proteins were identified with 136 proteoforms bearing different post-translational modifications (PTMs), including the excision of N-terminal M, the N-terminal acetylation, methylation, and acetylation of K resides, and phosphorylation. Most identified proteins are involved in photosynthesis, translation, and ATP production. Only one protein belongs to the phytocannabinoid biosynthesis, olivetolic acid cyclase.
An Advanced ICTVSS Model for Real-Time Vehicle Traffic Applications
Authors: Chen You-Shyang , Lin Chien-Ku , Kan Yao-Wen
Published: September 2019

From the accident news, it is found that the occurrences of traffic accidents every year and the numbers of deaths and injuries have raised continually and have become a specific issue concerned in society in Taiwan. More seriously, the number of traffic accidents is positively increased with the increasing motorized vehicles. Thus, to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents through by some advanced real-time technologies is an important and interesting work. However, some serious problems against traffic safety are facing, such as the low-quality video saved by a camera, low efficiency facilities supported, inefficient management of surveillance resources, and low definition resolution for cameras, which is resulted in a dilemma problem caused from providing evidence-based images to a local authority either for criteria for judgment or basis for improvement. As a big effort to deal with the above defects for constructing a smart city, this paper makes a main purpose to develop an advanced system of intelligent cloud-based transportation vehicle surveillance (called ICTVSS) for license plate identification. This existing identification algorithm was studied and developed from a combination of improved differential algorithm and improved active contour algorithm. Given such a combination, a novel algorithm of dynamic license identification for smart monitoring was fully realized for constructing a well-defined smart city. The experimental results showed good performance and experienced that the proposed algorithm performed well in locating multi-license plate and differential methods, removing image noise of license plate, and processing constant-inconstant light source from complex environment cases, and guaranteed effective license plate identification from the benefit of high resolutions of digital cameras.
Interorganizational Trust and Effectiveness Perception in a Collaborative Service Delivery Network
Authors: Opolski Krzysztof , Modzelewski Piotr , Kocia Agata
Published: September 2019

This study presents the determinants of trust in light of the scientific literature on trust and governance networks. The theoretical analysis focuses on differentiation of various types of trust and its determinants at both for-profit and nonprofit organizations. Moreover, the idea of a network is presented with the main attention given to the performance of collaborative service delivery networks. On the basis of theoretical study, a longitudinal analysis was performed at institutions providing services to the homeless people in Warsaw, Poland. During the periods of 2013 and 2017 to 2018, two cohorts of field questionnaire studies were conducted among employees of 18 social welfare centers (sample based on 18 Warsaw districts) and homeless shelters run by nonprofit organizations (samples of 19 and 22, respectively). These local government institutions and nonprofit organizations comprised the collaborative service delivery network under study. Mixed-method research was applied at welfare centers and nonprofit organizations (NGOs) where both frontline and management level employees were interviewed, and some data were statistically evaluated. The research was conducted using the same questionnaires at both points in time. The research showed that, from the perspective of social welfare centers, interorganizational trust in relation to other social welfare centers and to nonprofit organizations is positively correlated with perceived interorganizational effectiveness of other actors in the network (measured by the possibility of obtaining information, promptness, commitment, completeness and correctness of documents, and assessment of employees’ knowledge). The same results were obtained from the perspective of NGOs. In addition, these correlations remained almost unchanged over time, although the research was repeated after many years using the same variables. Finally, there is no basis to state that trust is correlated with outcome perception when considering the most difficult and complex social services.
The Economic Effects of Research-led Agricultural Development Assistance: The Case of Korean Programs on International Agriculture
Authors: Park Sauk-Hee , Moon Kwang-Min
Published: September 2019

South Korea’s Rural Development Administration embarked on the Korean Programs on International Agriculture (KOPIA) in six developing countries for agricultural development assistance in 2009, and the programs were undertaken in 21 countries in 2018. The purposes of the KOPIA are to introduce new agricultural technologies by cooperative research and development, and to extend developed technologies to farmers and agricultural businesses. In this paper, the economic effects of the KOPIA are estimated in 23 recipient countries in terms of their production and value-added inducement effect. In doing so, the inter-industry relation analysis method is used with an input-output table for each country from the Eora multi-region input-output (Eora MRIO) database. From the analysis between 2009 and 2017, the production inducement effect (PIE) by the KOPIA in the 23 countries is estimated to total US$99 million, accounting for 1.7 times its total budget of US$58.9 million, and the value-added inducement effect (VIE) in the 13 countries is estimated to total US$23.9 million. More importantly, the PIE and VIE continue to be higher in some countries, and the annual VIE tends to increase in most of the countries. These findings imply that the research-led KOPIA has contributed to agricultural development and further economic growth through inter-industrial relations in the recipients.
Climate Change Challenges to Existing Cultural Heritage Policy
Authors: Dastgerdi Ahmadreza Shirvani , Sargolini Massimo , Pierantoni Ilenia
Published: September 2019

Climate change affects, directly and indirectly, the tangible and intangible features of heritage sites. Conservation studies often examine the impacts of climate change on heritage sites by assuming it as an isolated and static concept. This study aims to debate cultural heritage concept as the primary and neglected factor for wise development of climate-resilience policies. We first adopt the qualitative Meta-synthesis method to analyze the impacts of climate change on world heritage sites, through a systematic review of reports published by the UNESCO and its advisory bodies. Then, it is explained why the sustainability of cultural heritage requires a fundamental reconsideration of the concept and promotion of its evaluation framework. The findings suggest that protection of cultural heritage and developing the climate-resilience policies for the sustainability of landscape requires at the early stages a reflection on how heritage is defined as a useful resource and acceptable characteristic of territory.
Ex-Ante Prediction of Disruptive Innovation: The Case of Battery Technologies
Authors: Müller Julian Marius , Kunderer Raphael
Published: September 2019

Battery technologies represent a highly relevant field that is undergoing conversions in the context of, for instance, battery electric vehicles or stationary power storage for renewable energies. Currently, lithium-ion batteries represent the predominant technology that has, however, a considerable environmental impact that could hinder the emergence of sustainable energy systems. Driven by these conversions, several authors claim that potentially disruptive technologies could occur. The concept of disruptive innovation has been highly regarded in research and practice, but has only been successfully regarded from an ex-post perspective. However, without the possibility to establish ex-ante predictions of disruptive innovation, several authors disregard the concept of having significant relevance for practice. In response to this research gap, the present paper attempts to establish an ex-ante prediction of potential disruptive innovation. The method is based on the disruption hazard model by Sood and Tellis, testing seven hypotheses regarding a potential disruption hazard of redox-flow batteries towards lithium-ion batteries. The paper finds that redox-flow batteries could represent a disruptive technology, but this evaluation is limited to an expert evaluation. The authors discuss this finding, as the technical characteristics of redox-flow batteries support its role as a potential disruptive innovation, concluding with implications, limitations as well as suggestions for future research.
Shrinking Suburbs: Analyzing the Decline of American Suburban Spaces
Authors: Sarzynski Andrea , Vicino Thomas J.
Published: September 2019

Recent popular and scholarly work has drawn attention to the issue of shrinking cities. In particular, a growing body of literature has focused on the impacts of population loss on European cities, and more recently, the deindustrialized areas of the United States. Fewer scholars have examined the phenomenon of shrinkage in the suburban context. This paper explores the evolution of shrinking suburbs in the United States from 1980 to 2010. Three research questions motivate this study: (1) What is the population change in suburban neighborhoods and places from 1980 to 2010? (2) Where are shrinking suburbs located? (3) What are the trajectories of change of shrinking suburbs? A definition of shrinking suburbs using spatial and temporal criteria is operationalized. Using census tract-level data with normalized boundaries from the Neighborhood Change Database, numerous socioeconomic variables were extracted for the 30-year study period. In total, the results demonstrate that approximately one-quarter of all suburbs were shrinking. The characteristics of shrinking suburbs are identified and a typology of seven trajectories of suburban decline is developed. The conclusion reflects on the implications of shrinking suburbs for sustainable development.
Use of Cultural Heritage for Place Branding in Educational Projects: The Case of Smederevo and Golubac Fortresses on the Danube
Authors: Radosavljević Uroš , Kuletin Ćulafić Irena
Published: September 2019

Medieval fortresses represent an important tangible heritage of a nation’s culture and a valuable development asset for a particular destination on which its place-branding strategy for tourism could be built upon. Traditionally in Serbia, heritage protection and conservation have been mainly concentrated on the tangible aspects of cultural sites and monuments. Nevertheless, with the advent of urban heritage integration in the local sustainable development processes and place-branding strategies, a greater appreciation of the spirit of the place and its intangible components, as well as the need to adapt it to local contexts with more participatory forms of heritage planning, have started to emerge. A wide range of stakeholders brought the involvement and participation of both the local government and community members, including residents, as an indispensable element of the protection actions and broader urban development policies. The paper aims to validate the correlation between both intangible and tangible cultural heritage and its contemporary use for place branding and tourism development. In doing so, we have employed the case study method on the two fortresses on the Danube in Serbia to show the ways in which local stakeholders have mobilized their forces in cooperation with the university to use their cultural heritage assets for tourism and more extensive sustainable territorial development. We have found that despite new inclusive forms of governance, which is attracting the attention of planning and heritage practitioners in Serbia, the contemporary approach of integrative protection and the intangible aspects of cultural heritage are still not fully utilized. For this reason, in this study, we consider methods based on environmental aesthetics approaches to cultural heritage that point out the significant inclusion of immaterial intangible cultural heritage in an unbreakable bond with material tangible heritage. The most remarkable result of our research is that while a vast number of stakeholders with local knowledge and sense of the spirit of the place have been involved in the planning process, intangible aspects of the analyzed heritage cases are present in educational projects, and are only partially present if it comes to implementation. This clearly demonstrates that the focus on tangible aspects and spatial interventions of the place branding of cultural heritage is still dominant in Serbia, despite acknowledgment of the economic and social aspects of sustainability in the planning phase in educational projects.
Are Traditional Food Crops Really ‘Future Smart Foods?’ A Sustainability Perspective
Authors: Adhikari Lipy , Tuladhar Sabarnee , Hussain Abid , Aryal Kamal
Published: September 2019

Abstract: This study attempted to assess the potential of traditional food crops (TFCs) to be ‘future smart foods’ through the lens of sustainability. Our study mainly relied on the primary data collected from farm households (n = 89) in the high mountains of Nepal and the hills of Bangladesh. The study found that farmers are gradually abandoning the cultivation of TFCs. In the last decade, cash crops such as mustard and cardamom in study villages in Nepal (SVN) and fruits and coffee in study villages in Bangladesh (SVB) were adopted to replace TFCs. In overall calorie intake at the household level, TFCs contributed only 3% and 7% respectively, in SVN and SVB. A sustainability analysis showed that TFCs have a huge potential to be ‘future smart foods’ because they are socially acceptable, have high nutritional values (social sustainability), and are key to the agrobiodiversity and resilience of farming systems (environmental sustainability). They also have the potential to improve famers’ income and are more efficient in energy use during production cycles (economic sustainability). To promote TFCs as a sustainable solution for local farming systems and nutrition security, there is the need for a behavior change of both farmers and consumers, respectively, through the favorable policy environment and public awareness.
Formal Developments for Lorentz-Violating Dirac Fermions and Neutrinos
Authors: Reis João Alfíeres Andrade de Simões dos , Schreck Marco
Published: September 2019

The current paper is a technical work that is focused on Lorentz violation for Dirac fermions as well as neutrinos, described within the nonminimal Standard-Model Extension. We intend to derive two theoretical results. The first is the full propagator of the single-fermion Dirac theory modified by Lorentz violation. The second is the dispersion equation for a theory of N neutrino flavors that enables the description of both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. As the matrix structure of the neutrino field operator is very involved for generic N, we will use sophisticated methods of linear algebra to achieve our objectives. Our main finding is that the neutrino dispersion equation has the same structure in terms of Lorentz-violating operators as that of a modified single-fermion Dirac theory. The results will be valuable for phenomenological studies of Lorentz-violating Dirac fermions and neutrinos.
Software Tool for Acausal Physical Modelling and Simulation
Authors: Jimenez Jorge , Belmonte Antonio , Garrido Juan , Ruz Mario L. , Vazquez Francisco
Published: September 2019

Modelling and simulation are key tools for analysis and design of systems and processes from almost any scientific or engineering discipline. Models of complex systems are typically built on acausal Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE) and discrete events using Object-Oriented Modelling (OOM) languages, and some of their key concepts can be explained as symmetries. To obtain a computer executable version from the original model, several algorithms, based on bipartite symmetric graphs, must be applied for automatic equation generation, removing alias equations, computational causality assignment, equation sorting, discrete-event processing or index reduction. In this paper, an open source tool according to OOM paradigm and developed in MATLAB is introduced. It implements such algorithms adding an educational perspective about how they work, since the step by step results obtained after processing the model equations can be shown. The tool also allows to create models using its own OOM language and to simulate the final executable equation set. It was used by students in a modelling and simulation course of the Automatic Control and Industrial Electronics Engineering degree, showing a significant improvement in their understanding and learning of the abovementioned topics after their assessment.
Ultrasonographic and Three-Dimensional Analyses at the Glabella and Radix of the Nose for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Procedures into the Procerus Muscle
Authors: Cho Younghoon , Lee Hyung-Jin , Lee Kang-Woo , Lee Kyu-Lim , Kang Jae Seung , Kim Hee-Jin
Published: September 2019

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are widely used for facial rejuvenation procedures, and the procerus muscle is a major target in cases of glabellar transverse lines or rhytids. Although there have been many cadaveric studies of the procerus, its depth and thickness have not been investigated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to measure the depth and thickness of the procerus and identify the location of the intercanthal vein using ultrasonographic (US) imaging and the three-dimensional scanning method, which is needed to know to avoid side effects during BoNT injections. The morphology of the procerus was classified into two types based on the US images obtained at the glabella. The procerus was located deeper below the skin surface at the glabella than the sellion (3.8 ± 0.7 mm versus 2.7 ± 0.6 mm). The width of the procerus in US images increased from the sellion (10.9 ± 0.2 mm) to the glabella (14.5 ± 4.6 mm), whereas its thickness decreased (from 1.6 ± 0.6 mm to 1.1 ± 0.5 mm). The intercanthal vein was located 5.1 ± 4.0 mm superior to the sellion and 3.0 ± 0.6 mm below the skin’s surface. The present findings provide anatomical knowledge as well as the reference location information for use when injecting BoNT into the procerus.
Gray (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) and Red (Oreochromis spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection
Authors: Mugimba Kizito Kahoza , Tal Shlomit , Dubey Saurabh , Mutoloki Stephen , Dishon Arnon , Evensen Øystein , Munang’andu Hetron M.
Published: September 2019

Tilapia is the second most farmed fish species after carp in the world. However, the production has come under threat due to emerging diseases such as tilapia lake virus (TiLV) that causes massive mortalities with high economic losses. It is largely unknown whether different tilapia strains are equally susceptible to TiLV infection. In the present study we compared the susceptibility of gray (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) to experimental TiLV infection. Virus was injected intraperitoneally at a concentration of 104 TCID50/mL. Our findings show that gray tilapia had a lower mortality, 86.44%, but statistically not significantly different (p = 0.068) from red tilapia (100%). The duration of the mortality period from onset to cessation was similar for the two species, starting at 2–3 days post challenge (dpc) with a median at 10–11 dpi and ending on 20–22 dpi. In addition, there was no difference between species in mean viral loads in brain, liver and headkidney from fish collected soon after death. As for host response, expression levels of IL-1β and TNFα were equally high in brain and headkidney samples while levels in liver samples were low for both red and gray tilapia, which coincides with lower viral loads in liver compared to brain and headkidney for both species. We find that red and gray tilapia were equally susceptible to TiLV infection with similar post challenge mortality levels, equal virus concentration in target organs and similar proinflammatory cytokine responses in target and lymphoid organs at time of death. Nonetheless, we advocate that the search for less susceptible tilapia strains should continue with the view to reduce losses from TiLV infection in aquaculture.
The Perpetuation of Online Hate: A Criminological Analysis of Factors Associated with Participating in an Online Attack
Authors: Hawdon James , Costello Matthew , Barrett-Fox Rebecca , Bernatzky Colin
Published: September 2019

Online extremism, or the use of information technology to profess attitudes devaluing others based on a characteristic such as race, religion, gender, or sexuality, is a growing problem. This has led to myriad harmful effects for some who are exposed to online hate. A critical first step toward stemming the tide of online hate is understanding factors associated with its creation and spread. To that end, this analysis examines factors associated with joining an ongoing attack against a targeted group online. We use insights from four leading criminological theories – routine activity theory, social control theory, general strain theory, and social learning/differential association theory - to investigate who is likely to join an attack on a targeted group when they view such an attack occurring. Using data from a national sample of 15 – 36-year-old Internet users, we conduct an ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results show support for social control theory and strain theory, as low levels of self-control and online strain are both positively correlated with joining an online attack. Similarly, we find support for the applicability of social learning theory; close engagement with online friends and groups is related to an increased likelihood of joining in online hate. Routine activity theory, however, is less relevant for understanding our outcome. Taken together, our findings shed light on factors associated with the perpetuation of online hate, and, in doing so, offer avenues for reducing its growth.
Learning the Language of Justice Through Play
Authors: Cunningham Carolyn M , Crandall Heather
Published: September 2019

Video games are often seen as a medium for entertainment. However, there is an emerging genre of video games that are designed to raise awareness about important social issues like poverty, immigration, and war. These games use persuasive strategies for engaging communities in conversations about human rights issues. This paper provides analyses of the educational strategies of twenty-one human rights video games on the Games For Change website. Our analysis reveals that the ways these games increase cognition, increase empathy and teach affective responses, as well as teach players how to participate in social change processes, serve to educate for behavioral change. Through this medium, players are immersed in simulations which give them a language to not only understand the dynamics at play in issues such as deportation, but also offers players insight into how to change these dynamics and why it is important.
The effect of daytime and nighttime temperature on the cover colour of fruits in an apple gene bank
Authors: Lakatos László , Szabó Tibor , Racskó József , Szabó Zoltán , Soltész Miklós , Nyéki József
Published: September 2019

Skin colour of fruits is an important fruit quality parameter. Fruit growers know the phenomenon that the apple colouration is very good in one year while in other years the green and red apples can be differentiated only on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the fruits. There are great differences in values of cover colour between years.In the first step, the relationships between day and night temperature, the difference between day and night temperature and fruit skin colour should be determined. In this study, the authors investigate and quantify this relationship.
Instrumental control of the reserve and flow of working fluids in the technical operation of aircraft
Authors: Богоявленский А. , Bogoyavlenskiy A.
Published: September 2019

In the report examines the questions of metrological assurance of control parameters of fuel and oil in flight-technical exploitation of aircraft engines, employs in this case means and methods of the measurements and their errors.
Metrological aspects of pre-flight anti-icing procedures for civil aircraft
Authors: Богоявленский А. , Bogoyavlenskiy A.
Published: September 2019

Snow-ice deposits formed on the outer surfaces of aircrafts on the ground during parking can have a negative impact during

take-off due to the deterioration of aerodynamic and flight performance, a significant and even critical decrease in lift, increased

drag, blocking controls, difficulty or blocking of landing gear retraction, damage to the blades of inlet guide vanes and/or the

blades of an engine compressor. To exclude the influence of snow and ice deposits, anti-icing treatment is performed, including

their removal and/or protection from subsequent formation. For this purpose, special anti-icing machines (deicers), equipped with

such means of instrumental control as counters of anti-icing fluid pumps, measuring scales of anti-icing fluid tanks, thermometers

and pressure gauges for temperature and pressure measuring at the outlet of a spray nozzle, are used. The article deals with the

metrological aspects of civil aircrafts anti-icing prior to flight.
NILAI STRATEGIS KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS-BERBASIS KKNI FKIP UNIVERSITAS ISLAM BALITAR
Authors: Budiharso Teguh
Published: September 2019

This study describes English Language Education Curriculum (ELEC) of Balitar Islamic University delineating needs analysis, tracer study and action plan that is devised considerably upon National Qualification Framework. The study used content analysis implementing qualitative approach. Data were collected from curriculum document, strategic plan of UNISBA, workshop, and Focus Group Discussion conducted at UNISBA for two-month visit. The study revealed that (1) ELEC has been organized in adherence to KKNI containing 144 credits, (2) semesterly course distribution is outlined into: 20 credits each in the first and second semester, 22 credits each in the third up to sixth semester, and 16 credits in seventh semester, (3) diploma supplement as subsequent competency is programmed in terms of workshop in academic literacy, TEFL, enterpreheneurship, IT and computer, and academic writing, (4) competency elements are categorized into: personality development (KPK), work skill (KKK), expertise and knowledge (KKP), methods and knowledge degree (KMK), and managerial skills (KKM) imposed by KKNI.
TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP MATA PELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Murzanita Melisa
Published: September 2019

Kemandirian belajar mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting untuk menunjang prestasi belajar siswa di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kemandirian belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran IPA. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Instrmen yang digunakan berupa angket kemandirian belajar yang terdiri dari 25 pernyataan (14 pernyataan positif dan 11 pernyataan negative) dengan menggunakan skala likert. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas VII G dan VII H SMPN 08 Kota Jambi yang keseluruhan berjumlah 57 orang siswa. Hasil data angket diolah dengan menggunakan SPPS untuk mendapatkan data yang akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kategori sikap siswa tidak baik sebanyak 8,8% (5 dari 57 siswa), kategori sikap siswa kurang baik sebanyak 21,1% (12 dari 57 siswa), kategori sikap siswa baik sebanyak 43,9% (25 dari 57 siswa), dan kategori sikap siswa sangat baik sebanyak 26,3% (15 dari 57 siswa). Dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan terlihat bahwa rata-rata siswa memiliki kemandirian belajar yang baik. Hasil penelitian ini dapat juga menjadi catatan bagi orang tua yang peduli terhadap perkembangan anaknya dan diharapkan orang tua tersebut dapat membantu menumbuhkan kemandirian belajar terhadap anaknya.