bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinico-epidemiological and treatment factors impact on survival in Egyptian patients with head and neck sarcoma: a retrospective case-series analysis
Authors: Kelany Mohamed Reda , Abd Eltawab Asmaa A. , Mohamed Mohamed Naguib , Bayomy Mohamed Fathy , Soliman Doaa Atef Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background

Head and neck sarcomas are very rare accounting for about 1% of head and neck malignancies and 5% of sarcomas. Outcomes have historically been worse in this group compared to other sarcomas, due to anatomical constraints that make complete surgical removal difficult and increased local relapse rate. Surgery remains the main intervention although the data suggest the role of chemotherapy and irradiation as treatment options.

Methodology

and Design.

Data of patients diagnosed with head and neck sarcoma were retrospectively collected. Clinicopathologic characteristics and patients’ management were reviewed. Time to relapse (TTR) includes both time to local relapse (TTLR) and time to systemic relapse (TTSR). Overall survival (OS), TTLR and TTSR were calculated with Kaplan Mayer analysis using log rank test.

Results

Twenty-four patients were retrospectively identified. Mean age was 37.7 years (range 17–80) with female gender predominance (62.5%). Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma were the most common types (16.7%). At presentation, 23 patients showed localized disease (95.8%), while one patient was metastatic to the bone. Surgery was the primary treatment in 83.3% patients with different surgical margin status (R0 in 6/20, R1 in 11/20 and R2 in 3/20 patients), while 4/24 patients were not operated. Radiotherapy was applied as adjuvant treatment in 9 patients, as definitive in 2 and as palliative in one patient. Chemotherapy was administered in neoadjuvant/ adjuvant settings in 8 patients. Median follow-up was 31 months. Mean TTR for all surgically resected population was 39.8 months. Locally relapsed patients were 35% with mean TTLR 43.2 months while 15% of patients developed systemic relapse with mean TTSR 55 months. Mean OS of all studied patients was 48 months.

Conclusion

Head and neck sarcomas are rare challenging malignancies due to anatomical constrain, with only 20% achieving R0 surgical resection and > 30% suffering of local relapse after complete surgical resection.
Development of a low-cost IoT-based e-health monitoring system for diabetic patients
Authors: Okubanjo Ayodeji Akinsoji , Alexander Okandeji , Olumide Odeyinka , Benjamin Akinloye , Oluwatoyin Oluyemi
Published: November 2024

The global need for diabetic patient self-care is increasing. The current global epidemiology of diabetes calls for an improved healthcare management system, particularly in poorer countries, to minimize the burden of diabetes complications and mortality. The main objective of this study seeks to increase diabetic patients’ access to healthcare by utilizing internet of things-based smart self-care high-tech devices. The proposed model was integrated with a Blynk software and hosted in NodeMCU, allowing user to access diabetic health metric from the smartphones or interconnected devices. The e-monitoring system has an inbuilt feedback mechanism that provides online access to healthcare provider for immediate insulin therapy. Furthermore, patients suffering from acute diabetic metabolic issues may have difficulty visiting the hospital. Therefore, they can use the proposed model to track and monitor their blood glucose levels, as well as communicate remotely with their doctor, so improving their health while saving money and time. Also, diabetic patients can use this system to record their health condition on their phone, decreasing the need for doctor visits and clinical medical procedure. The proposed system has several advantages, including speedy internet access and remote monitoring from anywhere in the world. This research also helps to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, which include good health and well-being, equitable healthcare access, and sustainable cities and communities.
Influence of the degree of hearing impairment on central auditory processing in people with presbycusis
Authors: Veletić Marija , Đoković Sanja , Kovačević Tamara , Isaković Ljubica , Bjelić Marija
Published: November 2024

Background

Auditory processing involves decoding auditory impulses along auditory pathways in the central nervous system. Aging causes a decline in hearing and auditory processing abilities. Difficulties in auditory information processing include limitations in transferring, processing, organizing, transforming, analyzing, storing, recalling, and using auditory information. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of hearing impairment on auditory processing abilities in people with presbycusis. In addition, this research aimed to determine whether gender and age affect auditory processing in people with presbycusis.

Method

The research included 43 participants, 59–90 years of age. The PSP-1 Auditory Processing Disorder Test Battery was used to examine auditory processing abilities. We also used liminal tonal audiometry and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire–SPMSQ.

Results

The participants achieved the worst results on the speech-in-noise test and the dichotic word test. A statistically significant difference was found in auditory processing abilities with regard to age (p < 0.001) and the degree of hearing impairment (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were determined in relation to gender. Regression analysis pointed out the degree of hearing impairment as a significant predictor of auditory processing abilities (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Auditory processing abilities decline with age, and the degree of hearing impairment significantly affects these abilities.
Outcomes of primary stapedotomy using ionomeric cement at incus-prosthesis attachment versus nonuse of ionomeric cement: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Galal Ahmed , Saggaf Mashrab , Shewel Yasser , Elgarem Hani F. , Mina Amir
Published: November 2024

Background

Stapedotomy is the main stay management of otosclerosis till the present day. Other alternatives are hearing aids and medical treatment. Many complications arise at the step of crimping of the prosthesis. Bone cement is a material that has strong adhesive and osteointegration properties. The aim of the present study is to compare hearing results between bone cement-applied and non-bone cement-applied primary stapedotomy patients at the incus prosthesis attachment.

Methods

Thirty patients diagnosed with otosclerosis were randomly selected. Classical primary stapedotomy was performed for both groups, except for using GIC over the incus–prosthesis attachment in group A patients. The duration of follow-up was 2 months. Mean thresholds were measured at 0, 1, 2, and 4 kHz frequency levels and used to calculate the primary outcome measurements, which were ABG closure and hearing gain.

Results

The overall 30 patients’ mean age was 37.2 years. Bilateral disease occurred in 73.3%. Both groups showed significant ABG closure in relation to the preoperative values (P < 0.001). However, ABG closure in cement-used patients was significantly better (P 0.007). The mean for air conduction hearing gain was higher in group A (31.9 dB) than in group B (27.3 dB). However, this was statistically insignificant (P 0.313).

Conclusions

GIC can improve hearing outcomes in classical primary stapedotomy and potentially reduce postoperative complications and should be considered in routine practice.
Efficacy of human epididymis protein-IV as potential lung disease biomarker in comparison to Krebs von den Lungen-VI glycoprotein and apoprotein A2 among systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: El-Salawy Alaa Mohammad , El-Banna Hanaa Samy , Hussein Manal Shawky , Fouda Mohamed Hosny , Gaber Rasha Ahmad , Hagag Rasha Youssef , Gado Souzan Ezzat
Published: November 2024

Background

Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology, characterized by vasculopathy, fibrosis, inflammation, and immune dysregulation that lead to widespread internal organs fibrosis, chronic ischemia, and subsequent end-stage organ failure. Our purpose was to examine the role of human epididymis protein IV as a biomarker of interstitial lung disease severity in comparison to Krebs von den Lungen-VI glycoprotein and apoprotein A2 among systemic sclerosis patients.

Results

There was a highly significant elevation of serum human epididymis protein IV between systemic sclerosis patients (both with and without interstitial lung disease) and the control group (p < 0.001) with the highest value in patients having interstitial lung disease. Krebs von den Lungen-VI and apoprotein A2 also showed a significant difference in their values between the patients’ and control groups (p < 0.01 and = 0.02 respectively).

Conclusion

The level of human epididymis protein-IV was overexpressed in systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease in comparison to systemic sclerosis patients without interstitial lung disease indicating its high sensitivity as a potential biomarker in fibrotic activity diagnosis.
Fire behavior of composite steel truss bridge girders: numerical investigation and design strategies
Authors: Zhang Gang , Yuan Zhuoya , Ding Yuhang , Xu Feng , Tang Chenhao , Wang Shichao
Published: November 2024

Fire pose more severe threat to steel truss bridge girders as compared to common steel plate and box bridge girders. To deeply clarify failure mechanism of fire exposed steel truss bridge girders, this paper presents an investigation on fire performance of composite steel truss bridge girders simultaneously subjected to structural loadings and hydrocarbon fires. A numerical model, developed using the computer program ANSYS, is validated dependent on fire test to trace fire behavior of a typical through-type composite steel truss bridge girders under different hydrocarbon fire exposure conditions. The analysis is applied to evaluate influence of potential fire exposure scenarios occurred in bridge structures, including fire exposure lanes on bridge deck and fire exposure length beneath bridge, on temperature and structural response in steel truss bridge girders. The results shows that fire exposure lanes on bridge decks and fire exposure length beneath bridge has a significant influence on fire performance of steel truss bridge girders. Fire exposure on all lanes and side lanes can cut down fire resistance highly as compared to fire exposure on mid-lanes. The composite steel truss bridge girders exhibit special multi-hinge failure modes when fire exposure under bridge. Further, the composite steel truss bridge girders exposed to side-lane fire exhibit significant transverse torsional deformation. The established failure criteria dependent on structural deflection limit states, chord deformation and strength can be applied to evaluate fire resistance of actual composite steel truss bridge girders under realistic fire exposure scenarios. Limiting the minimum clearance of passage on bridge deck and increasing fire protection measures in upper portion of trusses can effectively improve fire resistance of through-type composite steel truss bridge girders. Some predominant design strategies closely related to oil tanker trucks traversing composite steel truss bridge girders are proposed to minimize probability of fire incidents on bridge and keep integrity of structure in the case of fire to the maximum extent possible.
Synergistic elastic and electrical modeling for quantitative analysis of gas hydrate formation evolution in pores
Authors: Zhang Qi , He Tao , Lu Hailong , Zi Mucong , Chen Daoyi
Published: November 2024

Pore-invasive gas hydrates represent a dominant reservoir type that has garnered increasing global attention. However, the current understanding of their formation and evolution in sediments remains superficial, impeding efforts toward recovery assessment. In contrast to predominantly qualitative approaches found in the current literature, a novel method for a more quantitative understanding of this dynamic process is developed. Leveraging granular medium contact theory and Gassmann’s equation, we develop an elastic model that accounts for hydrate pore morphologies within sediment pores. Our elastic model calculations unveil the significant impact of initial porosity and hydrate saturation on P- and S-wave velocities, highlighting the nonuniqueness of discriminating hydrate morphology based on these velocities alone. To address the variability in hydrate electrical properties, we refine Archie’s law by introducing an empirical parameter, the ion concentration exponent, which better accounts for the distribution of hydrates and the associated effect on the conductivity of pores. Although our experimental method may lead to a ring-shaped distribution of hydrate saturation within the sample, the modeling results suggest that a uniform distribution of hydrates within the pore framework is more plausible than experimental measurements. Recognizing the shortcomings of prevalent models, we develop an innovative elastic inversion approach that simulates the hydrate accumulation process, reflecting the progressive solidification impact of increasing hydrate saturation. Using a synergistic elastic and electrical rock-physics framework, we analyze experimental geophysical data to trace the hydrate formation trajectory. Our interpretations illustrate an initial dominance of grain-supporting hydrates, transitioning to contact-cementing and pore-filling morphologies at advanced saturation levels. These joint models provide valuable insights into the quantitative assessment of gas hydrate reservoirs, offering a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between elastic and electrical properties during hydrate growth.
Acoustic ranging of multiple nearby wells using dipole acoustic logging
Authors: Gu Xi-Hao , Tang Xiao-Ming , Su Yuan-Da , Li Sheng-Qing
Published: November 2024

The increasing use of cluster wells in recent oil and gas drilling has raised concerns about well collisions. Although the successful application of single-well acoustic reflection imaging for nearby well detection has made it a potential ranging technique for collision prevention, further analyses are needed to demonstrate its utility for detecting multiple target wells around the measurement well. We develop a multiple-well acoustic ranging method that uses 4C dipole logging data to azimuthally scan multiple nearby wells and determine their distances and directions. To this aim, we develop a fast analytical method to model elastic wave radiation from the measurement well and wave scattering from multiple nearby wells and analyze the sensitivity and effectiveness of the 4C dipole tool in the generation of the transmitted wave and detection of the scattered waves. By means of 4C rotation and migration, the scattered wave data, as measured by the tool, are used to image the targeted wells and determine their distance and azimuth relative to the measurement well. Field data application is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this multiple-well acoustic ranging technique.
Differential Survival Among Patients With Cancer by COVID-19 Vaccination Status: An Analysis of the ASCO COVID-19 Registry
Authors: Kirkwood M. Kelsey , Aggarwal Charu , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Williams Jen Hanley , Kaltenbaugh Melinda , Ramos Natalie , Gralow Julie R. , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

We evaluated our hypotheses that vaccine exposure before infection with SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer would be associated with overall survival and vaccine exposure would differ by patient demographics, area-level social determinants of health, and clinical features.

METHODS

Our cohort study includes patients with cancer 18 years and older who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on or after April 1, 2021, and had information on receipt (or not) of at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. We analyzed three vaccine exposure categories reflecting recency of last dose before SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined: No dose, any recent dose (1-6 months), and last dose in >6 months. Patients with last dose in <1 month were categorized on the basis of previous dose (if present) or as no dose.

RESULTS

This cohort analysis included 1,765 patients with cancer diagnosed with COVID-19 disease between April 2021 and July 2023 (57% female, 68% non-Hispanic White, and 51% age <65 years). The following patient characteristics were associated with vaccination status: age, rurality, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, cancer type, and COVID-19 diagnosis window, as well as quartiles of area-level median household income, percent unemployed, and percent high school-only graduates age >24 years. After adjusting for covariates, the hazard ratio for death was 1.60 times among patients with no dose (95% CI, 1.26 to 2.04) and 1.32 times among those with last dose in >6 months (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.69) compared with those with a dose 1-6 months before infection.

CONCLUSION

Our findings underscore the need for oncology-specific guidance on COVID-19 vaccination schedules and suggest that more frequent than annual administration of vaccination may be appropriate for patients with cancer.
Impact of Low Maternal Weight on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Chahal Nikhita , Qureshi Tanya , Eljamri Soukaina , Catov Janet M , Fazeli Pouneh K
Published: November 2024

Objective

To examine the effect of underweight maternal body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes.

Design

Cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary academic center.

Patients

A total of 16 361 mothers who delivered a singleton between 2015-2021 with either a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (n = 732) or normal BMI (18.5 ≥ BMI <23 or 25 kg/m2, n = 15 629) at the initial prenatal visit or within 6 months of the initial visit.

Main Outcome Measures

Birthweight, gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, preterm birth, and fetal death; obstetrical complications including preeclampsia/eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum hemorrhage.

Results

Underweight women were younger and less likely to have private insurance (P < .01 for both) than normal-weight women. Approximately 23% of infants born to underweight mothers were small for gestational age and 15% were low birth weight vs 13.5% and 9% of infants of normal-weight mothers, respectively (P < .01 for both). These differences remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. In adjusted logistic regression models, underweight women had a decreased risk of premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage compared to normal-weight women.

Conclusion

Underweight BMI during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age and low birth weight infants and a decreased risk of premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage. These findings suggest underweight BMI during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, while maternal-related pregnancy outcomes are less affected.
Anesthetic Management of Two Patients With PHARC Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: Silva Marta Correia , Bernardino Ana , Vieira Ana Luísa
Published: November 2024

PHARC syndrome (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataracts) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, caused by genetic mutation of the ABHD12 gene. This syndrome is still not well known and can be misdiagnosed, especially in the early stages, as it can be easily confused with other neurodegenerative diseases. We present the first description of the anesthetic management of 2 siblings with PHARC syndrome who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation.
Phosphorylation on serine 72 modulates Rab7A palmitoylation and retromer recruitment
Authors: Modica Graziana , Tejeda-Valencia Laura , Sauvageau Etienne , Yasa Seda , Maes Juliette , Skorobogata Olga , Lefrancois Stephane
Published: November 2024

Rab7A has a key role in regulating membrane trafficking at late endosomes. By interacting with several different effectors, this small GTPase controls late endosome mobility, orchestrates fusion events between late endosomes and lysosomes, and participates in the formation of and regulates the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Rab7A is also responsible for the spatiotemporal recruitment of retromer, which is required for the endosome-to-trans-Golgi network retrieval of cargo receptors such as sortilin (SORT1) and CI-MPR (also known as IGF2R). Recently, several post-translational modifications have been shown to modulate Rab7A functions, including palmitoylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation. Here, we show that phosphorylation of Rab7A at serine 72 is important to modulate its interaction with retromer, as the non-phosphorylatable Rab7AS72A mutant is not able to interact with and recruit retromer to late endosomes. We have previously shown that Rab7A palmitoylation is also required for efficient retromer recruitment. We found that palmitoylation of Rab7AS72A is reduced compared to that of the wild-type protein, suggesting an interplay between S72 phosphorylation and palmitoylation in regulating the Rab7A–retromer interaction. Finally, we identify NEK7 as a kinase required to phosphorylate Rab7A to promote retromer binding and recruitment.
Varus Strength of the Medial Elbow Musculature for Stress Shielding of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament in Competitive Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Yanai Toshimasa , Onuma Kengo , Nagami Tomoyuki
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Valgus load opens the medial elbow compartment, causing elongation of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) that can eventually lead to attenuation and failure. Ideally, the muscles surrounding the medial aspect of elbow joint should coordinate medial elbow compression to prevent the medial elbow compartment from opening and loading the UCL. This study aimed to determine whether baseball pitchers have sufficient elbow varus strength to unload the UCL during pitching.

Methods

Using an electromagnetic tracking device, we measured the peak elbow varus moment during pitches (fastball, slider, curveball, and changeup) by 14 professional and 8 collegiate pitchers. Elbow varus strength was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer system while the medial elbow joint space was monitored using ultrasonography. A paired t-test was used to compare the peak varus moment generated during pitching with the varus strength, and the relative intensity of muscular output required to unload the UCL was determined.

Results

Except for curveballs, the muscular varus strength (57.5 ± 9.2 N·m) was not significantly larger (p = 0.165 ~ 0.853) than the peak varus moments during pitching (55.4 ± 13.0 N·m). Ten participants did not have sufficient muscular varus strength to completely unload the UCL from valgus loading when throwing fastballs and other pitch types. The relative intensity of muscular torque output required for stress shielding of the UCL ranged from 89.1%MVIVS ±21.7%MVIVS for curveballs to 103.1%MVIVS ±26.5%MVIVS for fastballs.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that most of the valgus load on the elbow joint during pitching can be counteracted by the muscular varus moment, but valgus loading on the UCL is likely unavoidable in baseball pitching.
Barriers and Predictors of Long-Term Physical Activity Maintenance: The STRRIDE I Reunion Cohort
Authors: Collins-Bennett Katherine A. , Ross Leanna M. , Johnson Johanna L. , Slentz Cris A. , Huffman Kim M. , Kraus William E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to identify barriers and predictors of self-reported physical activity (PA) maintenance 10 yr following the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE I) randomized trial among young older adults.

Methods

Participants completed a PA recall questionnaire that assessed barriers to PA maintenance. Chi-square tests assessed differences in barriers by PA maintenance tertile. Demographic and clinical measures collected at baseline and post-intervention from the STRRIDE I parent trial were included in model development to identify predictors of PA maintenance. Three models were generated using a backward bootstrap variable selection algorithm followed by multiple linear regression.

Results

Participants who returned for the STRRIDE I Reunion study (n = 104; 63.0 ± 6.2 yr old) reported mean PA participation of 77.9 ± 76.5 min·wk−1. Commonly reported barriers to PA maintenance included lack of self-motivation (41%), time constraints (33%), illness or injury (29%), and family obligations (23%). There was a significant association between the percentage of individuals who reported one or more barriers versus no barriers by PA maintenance tertile (frequency of PA: χ
2 ratio = 26.1, P < 0.0001; amount of PA: χ
2 ratio = 15.1, P = 0.0005). The baseline predictive model had an adjusted R
2 value of 0.05, the post-intervention predictive model had an adjusted R
2 of 0.12, and the change score (post-intervention minus pre-intervention) predictive model had an adjusted R
2 of 0.17.

Conclusions

Maintaining PA beyond a structured exercise intervention setting continues to be challenging for older adults. Compared to those who reported no barriers, young older adults who reported one or more barriers to PA maintenance were less active 10 yr following STRRIDE I. Additionally, how participants respond to a structured exercise intervention in certain clinical variables may be the most indicative of future PA maintenance.
Exercise Is Medicine® On Campus: A National Analysis of the 2023 Recognized Programs
Authors: Lennox Isaac M. , Wedig Isaac J. , Kamm Kelly B. , Petushek Erich J. , Elmer Steven J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

For 15 yr, the Exercise is Medicine® On Campus (EIM-OC) initiative has called upon colleges and universities to promote physical activity on their campuses. To date, there are no reports describing the distribution of EIM-OC programs across the United States, and it is unclear what factors best position programs to achieve gold-level status. The purpose of this study was to perform a national analysis of the 2023 recognized EIM-OC programs.

Methods

We identified the locations of the EIM-OC programs (American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) regional chapter, state, county, city) and described their characteristics (school size, presence of kinesiology-related degree program, type of healthcare services offered, presence of a medical school). Data were obtained from websites, and differences between bronze, silver, and gold recognition levels were assessed.

Results

Of the 131 EIM-OC programs, 19, 50, and 62 were bronze, silver, and gold levels, respectively. Thirty-seven states had at least one EIM-OC program, and 27 states had a gold-level program. The Southeast, Midwest, and Mid-Atlantic ACSM regional chapters had the most total (all ≥20) and gold-level (all ≥12) EIM-OC programs. Nearly 90% of total and gold-level EIM-OC programs were in metropolitan counties. Eighty-six percent of EIM-OC programs had a kinesiology-related degree program, 76% had student-centered health services on campus, and 28% had a medical school; however, there were no differences between bronze (P = 0.56), silver (P = 0.11), and gold (P = 0.12) levels. School (~215–68,000 students; P = 0.21), city (~690–2,700,000 people; P = 0.14), and county (~9,500–10,000,000 people; P = 0.32) populations for EIM-OC programs ranged considerably and did not differ across recognition levels.

Conclusion

In the United States, colleges and universities with a broad range of locations, sizes, and infrastructures have used EIM-OC to promote physical activity. A kinesiology-related degree program and student healthcare services on campus are key assets for implementation, regardless of recognition level. There are fewer EIM-OC programs in select states, ACSM regions, and non-metropolitan areas. These findings may guide future EIM-OC promotion and implementation.
Discrepancy in efficiency scores due to sampling error in data envelopment analysis methodology: evidence from the banking sector
Authors: L Kishore , E Geetha , S P Shivaprasad , Chandra Sachin R , Jain Raksha
Published: November 2024

Background Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology is considered the most suitable approach for relative performance efficiency calculation for banks as it is believed to be superior to traditional ratio-based analysis and other conventional performance evaluations. This study provides statistical evidence on the sampling error that can creep into performance evaluation studies using the DEA methodology. Inferences are drawn based on samples, and various preventive measures must be taken to eliminate or avoid sampling errors and misleading results. This study demonstrates the possibility of sampling error in DEA with the secondary data available in financial statements and reports from a sample set of banks. Methods The samples included 15 public sectors and five leading private sector banks in India based on their market share, and the data for calculating efficiencies were retrieved from the published audited reports. The sample data was collected from 2014 to 2017 because the banking sector in India witnessed a series of mergers of public sector banks post-2017, and the data after that would be skewed and not comparable due to the demonetization policy implementation and merger process-related consolidation implemented by the Government of India. The efficiency measures thus computed are further analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results We found statistically significant discrepancies in the efficiency score calculations using DEA approach when specific outlier values. Evidence is provided on statistically significant differences in the efficiencies due to the inclusion and exclusion of particular samples in the DEA. Conclusion The study offers a novel contribution along with statistical evidence on the possible sampling error that can creep into the performance evaluation of organizations while applying the DEA methodology.
Factors influencing patient satisfaction in home care services: A systematic review
Authors: Rahadian Syah Deby Zulkarnain , Yetti Krisna , Novieastari Enie , Gayatri Dewi , Nining Sri
Published: November 2024

Background Home care services are an extension of hospital services provided by hospital staff. The hospital must conduct evaluation, coordination, and education for home care patients to ensure proper care and expedite their recovery. This service also introduces a new concept to the community, as it can help save on costs and equipment. The purpose of this study has been added to the background, namely to determine what factors can influence patient satisfaction with home care services from previously published literature. A systematic review examined the factors influencing patient satisfaction using home care services by following the PRISMA guidelines. PROSPERO submitted and approved the study protocol with the following numbers: CRD42023482315. Researchers have searched articles through the ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The researcher chose the three databases that are open access providers. Including Scopus and ScienceDirect are article search databases that can be accessed directly in the electronic resources of the University of Indonesia Library. The 10-year time span is considered as a source of literature that is still relevant to be used as a reference in evaluating home care service satisfaction. Result Two hundred eighty-eight articles were selected, but 10 met the inclusion criteria. It was found that factors influenced patient satisfaction with home care services and two things that did not affect them: financial aspects and working time. Conclusion Fifteen aspects influence patient satisfaction and two aspects that do not influence patient satisfaction. It is expected that the results of this literature review can be used as a reference for hospitals that provide home care services to pay attention to aspects that can affect satisfaction. The author realizes that the varying methods in the articles reviewed are deficiencies in the results of this study.
Autonomizing Public Universities in Ethiopia: Exploring the Potential Challenges
Authors: Ali Mohammed Awol
Published: November 2024

Background This study examines the challenges faced by Ethiopian public universities in achieving institutional, administrative, academic, and financial autonomy. Institutional autonomy refers to a university’s ability to self-govern, set its mission, and establish policies without external interference. Administrative autonomy concerns decision-making in operations, academic autonomy relates to academic freedom and quality assurance, and financial autonomy involves control over resources and revenue generation. In Ethiopia, centralized governance, political interference, and limited financial strategies create significant barriers to autonomy. Method A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations. Data were collected from 59 participants across three public universities. Tools included consent forms, interview guides, focus group discussion guides, and observation checklists. Thematic analysis was used to identify key patterns in the autonomy challenges. The study is grounded in Institutional Theory, Principal-Agent Theory, and Resource Dependency Theory. Result The findings indicate that institutional autonomy is constrained by centralized governance and political interference, limiting universities’ ability to make independent decisions, as explained by Institutional Theory. Administrative autonomy faces similar restrictions, with decision-making influenced by external entities, as highlighted by Principal-Agent Theory. Academic autonomy is challenged by the tension between standardization and institutional diversity, particularly in quality assurance and accreditation. Financial autonomy is limited by restricted revenue sources, economic instability, and a lack of innovative funding strategies, as discussed through Resource Dependency Theory. Conclusion The study concludes that Ethiopian public universities face significant barriers to autonomy. Addressing these challenges requires reducing strict governmental control, improving governance structures, and promoting independent decision-making and sources of incomes. Recommendations The study recommends implementing governance reforms, providing leadership training for university administrators, enhancing academic freedom with flexible quality assurance systems, and diversifying revenue streams through partnerships and expanded university enterprises to ensure financial sustainability.
Factors affecting the knowledge and attitudes of pastoralist women toward long-acting reversible contraceptives utilization in Southern Ethiopia, 2024
Authors: Gelgelo Dawit , Hailu Dejene , Garoma Sileshi
Published: November 2024

Introduction Many Ethiopian women, especially those who live in rural and pastoral areas, have little knowledge and a negative attitude toward long-acting reversible family planning. Therefore, this study investigated the factors that affect the knowledge and attitudes of women toward long-acting reversible contraceptives among pastoral women in southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 376 women of reproductive age who were randomly selected from three pastoral districts in the West Guji Zone. The data were collected by using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ordinary logistic regression analyses with a p value < 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. Results Less than half, 118 (31.40%), of the study participants had good knowledge, and 88 (23.40%) had a positive attitude toward long-acting reversible contraceptives. The negative predictors of good knowledge and positive attitudes were never attending school (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.96), not having a job (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.79), having an unplanned pregnancy (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.63) and not having a history of abortion (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.78). Conclusions Having maternal education, being employed, having a planned pregnancy, having partner support for family planning and having a history of abortion were predictors for good knowledge and positive attitudes. Thus, this study recommends collaborative efforts between the health sector and other stakeholders to support women’s employment and education, as well as developing a program to spread family planning-related messaging to enhance women’s attitudes and understanding.
Assessment of perioperative bleeding in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries: A single-center study
Authors: Kulkarni Malavika , Shah Hitesh Hasmukhlal , subbiah Sanjana , Kanakalakshmi Sushma Thimmaiah , Shenoy Laxmi , KrishnaBhat RamaRani , D'mello Priya Genevieve
Published: November 2024

Background “Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders involving collagen type I with a 10–30% incidence of bleeding diathesis placing these individuals at an increased risk of bleeding. Our study aims to ascertain the risk factors that increase the propensity of perioperative blood transfusions in pediatric population. Methods A single center retrospective observational study of patients aged <18 years undergoing orthopedic surgeries at our tertiary care hospital from January 2016 to August 2024 were included and each surgery was analyzed as a discrete event. Age, type of OI, number of osteotomies, and number of bones operated simultaneously were recorded. The fall in hemoglobin, requirement for blood transfusions and associated factors were analyzed. Results Amongst 53 individuals who underwent surgery, 141 procedures were analyzed. The mean age was 11.07± 5.29 years, majority (n=33;62.2%) were phenotypically type III OI, and 42/53 (79%) patients underwent multiple osteotomies. Significant hemoglobin fall was observed after surgery (p<0.001) and was considerable in patients undergoing various osteotomies (p=0.002). Older children showed a smaller drop in hemoglobin level. Patients with type III OI showed significant hemoglobin fall (1.82 ± 0.86 g/dL). The transfusion requirement was seen in 23 (16.3%) surgeries besides it was significant in those undergoing multiple osteotomies (p= <0.05). Conclusion Our study inferred that the fall in hemoglobin was significant postoperatively in OI patients and was associated with younger age, type III OI, and multiple osteotomies. Before performing orthopedic surgeries on patients with OI, surgeons might consider the latter risk factors to explore therapeutic options aimed at reducing hemorrhage and improving outcomes.
Tükenmişlik Olgusunun İşçi Sağlığı ve Düzgün Bir Çalışma Hakkı Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Kayık Aydınalp Aslıhan , Çelik Elif
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı disiplinlerde çalışma konusu yapılabilmiş olan tükenmişlik kavramının hukuki açıdan incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede kavramın tanımı ve tarihsel gelişimi ele alınarak, günümüzde ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde çalışma hayatını düzenleyen kurallar ve haklar bakımından mevcut konumu incelenecektir. Tükenmişliğin bir meslek hastalığı olarak kabul edilmesi konusu gerek dünyada gerekse ülkemizde henüz net bir karşılık bulmamış olsa da işverenin işçiyi koruma borcu, işçinin sadece fiziksel olarak değil aynı zamanda psikolojik sağlığının gözetilmesini gerektirmekte ve işverene bu yönde önlemler alma sorumluluğu yüklemektedir. Bu çalışma, tükenmişliğin büyük ölçüde iş yerinden kaynaklanan sebeplerden kaynaklanıyor oluşu gerçeğinden yola çıkarak, işçi açısından bireysel düzeyde alınabilecek önlemler konusundan ziyade, iş yerindeki olumsuz koşulların ve toksik davranışların önlenmesi konusunun önemini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Bu bakımdan iş yerinden kaynaklanan nedenlerden dolayı ortaya çıkan tükenmişlik olgularında, iş yeri şartlarının incelenmesi yoluyla işverenin kusurunun tespit edilebilmesinin mümkün olabileceği ortaya koyulacaktır.
Şirketlerin Tedarik Zincirlerinde İnsan Hakları Özen Yükümlülükleri - Alman Tedarik Zincirleri Özen Yükümlülükleri Kanunu’na Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: Yeşilmen Ebru
Published: November 2024

Çokuluslu şirketlerin tedarik zincirlerinde, çocuk işçiliği, yetersiz iş sağlığı ve güvenliği önlemleri, zorla çalıştırılma, ayrımcılık, düşük ücretler gibi çeşitli hak ihlalleri meydana gelmektedir. Günümüzde, şirketlerin tedarik zincirlerinde gerçekleşen insan hakları risklerini/ihlallerini önlemekle yükümlü olduğu ve gerçekleşen ihlallerden sorumlu tutulmaları gerektiği kabul edilmektedir. Konuya ilişkin OECD, ILO, BM ve AB tarafından uygulanması gönüllülük esasına dayanan ilke ve standartlar oluşturulmuştur. Fakat bunların çoğunluğu hukuki bağlayıcılığı olmayan yumuşak hukuk kurallarıdır. Alman Tedarik Zincirleri Özen Yükümlülükleri Kanunu, şirketlerin insan hakları sorumluluğuna ilişkin hukuki bağlayıcılığı olan ilk ulusal düzenlemelerden biridir. Kanunla, şirketlerden kendi faaliyetlerinin yanı sıra doğrudan ve dolaylı tedarikçilerinin faaliyetleri bakımından da insan hakları durum tespit yükümlülüklerini yerine getirmeleri beklenmektedir. En çok ihracat yaptığımız ülkenin Almanya olması dolayısıyla, Kanun’un kapsamında yer alan şirketlere mal veya hizmet tedarikinde bulunan Türk şirketler Kanun’da öngörülen insan hakları ve çevresel özen yükümlülüklerine uyum sağlamalıdır. Çalışma, şirketlerin tedarik zincirlerinde insan hakları özen yükümlülükleri ve konuya ilişkin uluslararası gelişmelere dair bir çerçeve sunmayı ve ülkemizde de uygulama alanı bulacak Alman Tedarik Zincirleri Özen Yükümlülükleri Kanunu’nu genel hatlarıyla ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir.
INVESTIGATION OF PARAMETRIC OSCILLATORY MOVEMENTS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Avetisyan Tatiana V. , Lvovich Yakov Y. , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey P.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study is to understand the stability of automotive systems by studying parametric oscillations. The Mathieu function is used to calculate the eigenvalues of the system, which are crucial for determining the behavior of the system over time. The results of the study reveal the resonance zone of the system and provide an algorithm for calculating the eigenvalues of Mathieu functions. The results of this study can be applied to the analysis of various transport systems to assess their stability. This knowledge can be used to improve the comfort and performance of vehicles by minimizing the impact of parametric fluctuations. The study concludes that the analysis of parametric fluctuations in automotive systems can provide valuable information about the stability of the system. For a deeper analysis, the study suggests that numerical integration should be used when the modulation depth is low. This approach will allow you to get a more accurate understanding of the management of the system.
ON THE PROBLEM OF CONTROL THE RELIABILITY OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTERVAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Kalashnikov Pavel V.
Published: November 2024

In the course of the study, aspects of the power supply of information systems are considered in the case of uncertainty described by interval-type data, and the main types of errors that arise during their operation are studied.
The aim of the study is to find effective approaches to ensuring reliable operation of information systems subject to the presence of uncertainty in the values ​​of parameters specified by interval data.       
Materials and methods. This article presents an approach to solving the problem of control the reliability of a complex information system in the presence of an uncertainty factor in the values ​​of parameters that can be described using interval type data and the corresponding mathematical methods for working with them
The scientific novelty of the described approach lies in the ability to most accurately take into account the error factor that occurs when an information system operates under conditions of uncertainty and determine the optimal options for correcting the values ​​of its parameters, without allowing their changes to go beyond the permissible intervals.
Conclusion. The approach proposed in the article is supposed to be used when solving the problem of ensuring reliable operation of an information system in the presence of uncertainty, which can be described using the apparatus of interval data. The developed method makes it possible to find the optimal control effect on the system parameters at a given time, at which the probability of failures will be minimized.
Obesity impact on bones and joints health
Authors: Mrugała Waldemar , Skierkowski Bartosz , Mrugała Sebastian , Muciek Michał , Kawka Jakub , Filipek Kinga , Czyżewski Filip , Baranowska Katarzyna , Baranowska Alicja , Zalewska Natalia
Published: November 2024

Introduction and objective
Obesity, characterized by excessive fat accumulation, poses significant health risks. The WHO classifies overweight as a BMI of 25 to <30 kg/m² and obesity as a BMI of ≥30 kg/m², divided into three classes. This study examines the relationship between obesity and bone health, focusing on osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and fracture risks.
 
Review methods
 
A review of epidemiological and clinical studies was conducted, including WHO statistics, U.S. obesity trends, and recent findings on the mechanisms linking obesity with bone health and joint diseases. Studies were selected for their relevance to understanding obesity's impact on skeletal health.
 
Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge
 
Obesity is influenced by sociodemographic, behavioral, and genetic factors. While excess weight was once considered beneficial for bones due to increased mechanical loading, recent research shows its harmful effects. Obesity is linked to chronic inflammation, altered adipokine levels, and higher risk of atypical fractures. In OA, obesity accelerates joint degeneration through mechanical and metabolic pathways. In RA, obesity is associated with increased disease activity and cardiovascular complications.
 
Summary
 
Obesity significantly affects bone and joint health, increasing the risk of OA, RA, and fractures. The paradox of obesity providing mechanical benefits while causing metabolic and inflammatory issues is crucial. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing effective prevention and management strategies for obesity-related skeletal diseases. Further research is essential to clarify the complex interactions between adipose tissue and bone health, aiming to improve outcomes for obese individuals.