bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Control Chart Based on Moving Average Model Functioned for Poisson Distribution
Authors:   Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Lahore, Pakistan, Arooj Hira , Malik Khawar Iqbal ,   Department of Computer Science, Pakistan, University of Lahore, Pakistan
Published: October 2020

A control chart used with MA control chart to track the number of faulty products or faults suggested. When the characteristics of quality of interest obey a Poisson distribution. A specified number of objects are observed at various time intervals in order to observe the number of non-conformities. By measuring ARLs under different sample sizes and parameters by considering ARLs in power, the output of the proposed chart is evaluated. It should be noted The proposed control chart seems to be morereliable than the traditional current control charts in detecting small adjustments in the manufacture process.
Koronavírus és a rugalmas alkalmazkodás, járvány értékek mentén
Authors: Miklós Ilona
Published: October 2020

Koronavírus járvány idején fenntarthatóság szempontjából fontos meghatározni, hogy milyen gondolkodásminták határozzák meg, hogy egyes társadalmak előnyösen vagy éppenséggel hátrányosan reagálnak vészhelyzet esetén. Az empirikus tanulmány olyan, az emberek gondolkodásmódjában tetten érhető jellemzőket keres, amelyek az aktuális járvánnyal kapcsolatos kihívások és a jellemző viselkedések előfordulására, értékrendjére világít rá. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy egyéni szinteken a reziliencia, a rugalmas alkalmazkodás képessége, fontos szerepet játszott a korlátozások idején, másrészt az erős családi kapcsolatok mellett a szolidaritás és a spiritualitás is fontos erőforrásokat jelentenek a reziliens viselkedés gyors adaptálásához.
Perfil dos clientes inadimplentes de uma empresa de factoring em uma capital brasileira baseada na teoria da curva ABC
Authors: Oliveira Junior Manoel Carlos de , Maciel Anderson
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo focaliza o tema inadimplência, a partir dos clientes de uma factoring localizada em Manaus-AM. O objetivo principal é identificar a relação entre o perfil dos clientes inadimplentes e relacioná-los às características das empresas inadimplentes, medindo o índice de inadimplência e possíveis motivos do inadimplemento em um período de 5 anos (2013 a 2017). O factoring tem como características essenciais a flexibilidade e dinamismo, e sua principal função é fomentar o setor produtivo. Um dos objetivos específicos é verificar a contribuição do factoring nas micro e pequenas empresas, bem como traçar o perfil dos inadimplentes e causas do inadimplemento. A análise baseou-se na teoria da Curva ABC, por meio do agrupamento e priorização dos dados. Os clientes foram segmentados segundo seu percentual de inadimplência. Ao final, obteve-se um painel que contém indicadores da carteira de clientes, para que o gestor subsidie suas decisões sobre o panorama da empresa em determinado momento.  Os principais fatores apontados para inadimplência foram: Fator de Compra, Tempo de Fundação e Tempo de Cadastro, condicionantes para o endividamento dos clientes. Constatou-se menor “rigidez” na análise do crédito em função do tempo de cadastro junto à factoring. Assim, faz-se necessário manter a rigidez quanto a análise desses créditos para diminuição do endividamento dos clientes. Verificou-se que empresas de Sociedade Limitada, no segmento de serviços, são mais tendenciosas a não honrar com o pagamento, e consequentemente se tornar inadimplentes.
Análise custo-volume-lucro em uma escola de idiomas: um estudo de caso
Authors: Ukrainski Natanael Augusto , Gerigk Willson , Ribeiro Flávio
Published: October 2020

A presente pesquisa aplicou os conceitos da análise de Custo/Volume/Lucro em um empreendimento que explora a educação de idiomas, mais especificamente, o inglês. Buscou-se identificar quais as informações de caráter gerencial essas aplicações  podem oferecer aos administradores da empresa. O estudo foi realizado junto a uma escola franqueada de idiomas, que atua na cidade de São José dos Pinhais-PR e que começou a operar no ano de 2017. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. O estudo englobou o período de maio/2018 a abril/2019. Os resultados da pesquisa, decorrentes da aplicação da análise CVL, possibilitaram à escola conhecer: i) a margem de contribuição por aluno, em cada turma, assim como, a margem de contribuição total por turma; ii) o ponto de equilíbrio por turma, por aluno e o ponto de equilíbrio total da escola; iii) a margem de segurança por turma e a toral; e iv) o grau de alavancagem operacional, inclusive mensalmente.
Uma revisão sobre a pesquisa qualitativa em ciências sociais aplicadas
Authors: Baccin Brizolla Maria Margarete , Petry Jonas Fernando , Uchôa Antônio Giovanni Figliuolo , Ferreira Herbert Luiz Braga
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre a pesquisa qualitativa no campo das ciências sociais aplicadas, em especial na administração de empresas, demonstrando como a abordagem qualitativa e suas diferentes formas de emprego podem contribuir para o entendimento de um fenômeno. Os debates sobre métodos de pesquisa nas ciências sociais estão diretamente ligados a suposições sobre a ontologia, a epistemologia e a natureza humana (Morgan & Smircich, 1980). A revisão fornece uma introdução às diferentes abordagens qualitativas, seus pressupostos teóricos fundamentais, suas origens históricas e seus procedimentos investigativos.  A pesquisa qualitativa, em sua essência, consiste na arte de transmitir e interpretar significados, baseando-se na coleta de dados de natureza qualitativa e numa teorização de caráter sobretudo indutivo. Os dados qualitativos podem ser textos não redutíveis, incluindo palavras e recursos visuais apresentados de forma estática ou dinâmica. Embora esses dados qualitativos possam ser digitalizados, sintetizados e até contados, fazê-lo requer interpretação dos dados para discernir padrões e insights. Dadas as formas amplas em que os dados qualitativos podem aparecer, as premissas epistemológicas de um pesquisador geralmente moldam suas abordagens a esse processo analítico. A pesquisa qualitativa apresenta novas percepções que geralmente podem introduzir a teoria em direções completamente novas (Bansal, Smith, & Vaara, 2018). É fundamental que os pesquisadores qualitativos ofereçam relatos detalhados de suas fontes e análises de dados. Um detalhamento minucioso é necessário desde o início do projeto até o envio do manuscrito, dando sentido ao relato dos dados e da teoria emergente, além de sinalizar a qualidade do exercício de pesquisa, a credibilidade do pesquisador e, finalmente, a confiabilidade dos dados e a teorização emergente. Como tal, o pesquisador geralmente apresenta com destaque, em primeira pessoa e reflexivamente, a descrição dos métodos (Bansal & Corley, 2017). Ao descrever as possíveis aplicações da abordagem qualitativa, o objetivo desta revisão é apoiar futuros pesquisadores das ciências sociais aplicadas que se valem das observações dos dados para introduzir conhecimentos abstratos que podem ser generalizados além dos contextos específicos. A teorização indutiva baseada em dados pode ampliar o quadro epistemológico dos pesquisadores com saltos mais longos do que a lógica hipodedutiva baseada em dados quantitativos, produzindo assim ideias completamente novas (Bansal, Smith, & Vaara, 2018). Por fim, os métodos qualitativos são variados e podem fornecer grandes contribuições, aproximando novos pesquisadores e inspirando novas pesquisas, ampliando a forma de ver as ciências sociais aplicadas. 
Comparison of functional outcome after open and closed reduction of mandibular subcondylar fracture
Authors: Samira Shabbir Balouch  , Rana Sohail  , Sadia Awais  , Riaz Ahmad Warraich  , Mir Ibrahim Sajid
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To compare open reduction with internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture with closed reduction in terms of adequate mouth opening.

Method: The randomised clinical trial was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Edward Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients who presented with unilateral subcondylar fractures. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group-A patients were treated with closed reduction and immobilisation and were discharged the same day, while Group-B patients were treated by open reduction with internal fixation and retained in ward for 1 day. Both were recalled for periodic follow-ups, and were compared in terms of achieving adequate mouth opening. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 70 patients, 35(50%) were in each of the two groups. The mean age in Group-A was 28.88±11.86 years compared to 28.22±10.80 years in Group-B (p>0.05). Mean mouth opening in  the two groups were consistently positive, and significant at the last two follow-ups(p<0.001).

Conclusion: The difference in results of both treatment modalities was significant, indicating that open reduction and internal fixation should be the preferred treatment.

Key Words: Mandibular sub-condylar fracture, Open reduction, Closed reduction, Internal fixation, Mouth opening.
Report of the Workshop on Status and Trends of Western North Atlantic Right Whales
Authors: Int IWC
Published: October 2020

The meeting was held at the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC), Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA from 24-27 October 1999.
Ultrasonic measurement of blubber thickness in right whales
Authors: Moore M. J. , Miller C.A. , Arthur R. , Lange W.A. , Prada K.G. , Marx M.K. , Frey E.A.
Published: October 2020

The right whale population in the northwestern Atlantic appears to face the risk of extinction: ship and fishing gear trauma are significantmortality factors, but calving rates are also depressed compared to southern right whales. A major factor in calving success in many speciesis body condition. Knowledge of the dynamics of body condition is also important in studies of juvenile and sub-adult growth and seasonalchanges in adults. This paper describes a method to assess body condition in live right whales. To characterise the acoustic properties ofthe blubber/muscle interface we first studied samples of Atlantic white-sided dolphin and right whale in the laboratory. Tissue heterogeneitywas examined grossly and in histological sections. Acoustic echoes were strong from the sub-dermal connective tissue sheath(s). Echostrengths did not appear to vary with lipid content. We then used a 0.5MHz ultrasound transducer on a cantilevered 12m pole to touch theback of surfacing right whales briefly. Multiple laboratory and field measurements on individual animals suggest repeated measures ofblubber thickness at a single location are reasonably consistent. Data will be normalised to both sampling position on the body and to lengthof the animal, estimated by mensuration from stereo video images of the animal during sampling. In this way, using a long-term consistentdatabase of blubber thickness measurements, and catalogued reproductive histories from on-going photographic identification studies, weplan to assess the significance of changing body condition in right whale population dynamics.
A note on recent surveys for right whales in the southeastern Bering Sea
Authors: LeDuc R.G. , Perryman W.L. , Gilpatrick J.W. , Hyde Jr., J. , Stinchcomb C. , Carretta J.V. , Brownell, Jr. R.L.
Published: October 2020

Research vessel and aerial platforms were used between 1997 and 2000 to collect genetic and photographic data from a small populationof right whales that summers in the southeastern Bering Sea. Totals of 11 and six unique individuals were identified using photographicand genetic methods, respectively. Single matches between years occurred using both methods, and all genetic samples turned out to befrom male whales. Long-term research is needed to estimate the size of this population and to determine what threats the whales may befacing.
Conservation status of North Pacific right whales
Authors: Brownell Robert L. , Clapham Phillip J. , Miyashita Tomio , Kasuya Toshio
Published: October 2020

The North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) is among the most endangered of all great whales, having been subject to intensivecommercial whaling in the 19th century. All available 20th century records of this species in the North Pacific were reviewed. There hasbeen a total of 1,965 recorded sightings since 1900; of these, 988 came from the western North Pacific, 693 from the eastern North Pacificand 284 had no location specified. Thirteen strandings (all but one from the western North Pacific) were recorded. Known catches forcommercial or scientific purposes totalled 742 (331 in the western North Pacific, 411 in the eastern North Pacific). Most of the reportedSoviet ‘sightings’ in the eastern North Pacific were actually catches, as may be the case for Soviet sightings in the Okhotsk Sea. In addition,the impact of known Soviet illegal catches in the Okhotsk Sea may be reflected in an apparent decline in sightings after the 1960s (althoughthis may be partly explained by low observer effort). Overall, the data support the hypothesis that at least two stocks of right whales existin the North Pacific. Any recovery in the western North Pacific population was compromised by the Soviet catches in the Okhotsk region,although recent sightings suggest that this population is still large enough to sustain reproduction. By contrast, Soviet catches in thenow-smaller eastern North Pacific population have severely reduced its prospects for recovery. Although the prognosis for this populationis poor, a long-term monitoring programme is required to better understand its conservation status and to determine whether it may beaffected by human-related problems that would require mitigation.
Sightings of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Namibian waters, 1971-1999
Authors: Roux J-P. , Best P.B. , Stander† P.E.
Published: October 2020

Southern right whales were originally abundant in Namibian waters in winter and spring. They were either eradicated from the region ordriven to extremely low numbers more than a century ago. Since 1971, 36 incidental sightings and three aerial surveys confirm the regularpresence of the species within its historical calving range, between June and December. Calving has been recorded in four successive yearsand at least 10 calves were born in the area between 1996 and 1999, confirming the existence of a small established breeding population.This represents a northward extension of the hitherto known modern regular calving range in the South East Atlantic Ocean by more than1,000km.
Demographic parameters of southern right whales off South Africa
Authors: Best Peter B. , Brandão Anabela , Butterworth Doug S.
Published: October 2020

Aerial counts of right whale cow-calf pairs on the south coast of South Africa between 1971 and 1998 indicate an annual instantaneouspopulation increase rate of 0.068 per year (SE = 0.004) over this period. Annual photographic surveys since 1979 have resulted in 901resightings of 550 individual cows. Observed calving intervals ranged from 2-15 years, with a principal mode at 3 years and secondarymodes at 6, 9 and 12 years, but these make no allowance for missed calvings. Using the model of Payne et al. (1990), a maximum calvinginterval of 5 years produces the best fit to the data giving a mean calving interval of 3.12 years (95% confidence interval: 3.07, 3.17). Thesame model produces an estimate for adult female survival rate of 0.983 (95% CI: 0.972, 0.994). The Payne et al. (1990) model is extendedto incorporate information on the observed ages of first reproduction of grey-blazed calves, which are known to be female. This allows theestimation of age at first parturition (median 7.88 years 95% CI 7.17, 9.29). Updates of estimates and confidence intervals for the otherdemographic parameters are: adult female survival rate 0.986 (0.976, 0.999); first year survival rate 0.913 (0.601, 0.994) and instantaneouspopulation increase rate 0.071 (0.059, 0.082). These biological parameter estimates are shown to be compatible with the observed increaserate of the population without the need to postulate immigration.
Demand-driven commercial whalewatching in Península Valdés (Patagonia): conservation implications for right whales
Authors: Rivarola Mariana , Campagna Claudio , Tagliorette Alicia
Published: October 2020

One of the largest remaining populations of the southern right whale, Eubalaena australis, breeds along the coast of Península Valdés, inArgentine Patagonia. The area offers excellent opportunities for whalewatching because it is possible, with predictability, to have close-upviews of animals of all ages. During 11 years, from 1987 to 1997, more than 337,000 tourists took part in boat excursions to watch rightwhales. The demand increased during this period over 14 times from 5,214 tourists in 1987 to 73,726 in 1997. From 1991 to 1994, morethan 8,000 boat trips were required to satisfy a demand of 125,000 people. Most whalewatching involved pregnant animals or mothers andcalves that often attempted to avoid the boats. In 1997, whalewatching generated direct revenues of at least $US 1 million in boat fees, anddirect plus indirect revenues of over $US 15 million (not including travel costs to Patagonia). The rapid growth of tourism in relation towhales has undisputed economic and public-awareness benefits but it is also raising concern about potentially detrimental effects on theanimals. The lack of a management plan and of estimates of a tourist ‘carrying capacity’ allows customer demand to be the main drivingforce behind a commercial activity based on this vulnerable species.
Humpback whale abundance south of 60°S from three complete circumpolar sets of surveys
Authors: Branch T. A.
Published: October 2020

Austral summer estimates of abundance are obtained for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Southern Ocean from the IWC’s IDCR and SOWER circumpolar programmes. These surveys have encircled the Antarctic three times: 1978/79–1983/84 (CPI), 1985/86–1990/91 (CPII) and 1991/92–2003/04 (CPIII), criss-crossing strata totalling respectively 64.3%, 79.5% and 99.7% of the open-ocean area south of 60°S. Humpback whales were absent from the Ross Sea, but were sighted in all other regions, and in particularly high densities around the Antarctic Peninsula, in Management Area IV and north of the Ross Sea. Abundance estimates are presented for each CP, for Management Areas, and for assumed summer feeding regions of each Breeding Stock. Abundance estimates are negatively biased because some whales on the trackline are missed and because some humpback whales are outside the survey region. Circumpolar estimates with approximate midpoints of 1980/81, 1987/88 and 1997/98 are 7,100 (CV = 0.36), 10,200 (CV = 0.30) and 41,500 (CV = 0.11). When these are adjusted simply for unsurveyed northern areas, the estimated annual rate of increase is 9.6% (95% CI 5.8–13.4%). All Breeding Stocks are estimated to be increasing but increase rates are significantly greater than zero only for those on the eastern and western coasts of Australia. Given the observed rates of increase, the current total Southern Hemisphere abundance is greater than 55,000, which is similar to the summed northern breeding ground estimates (~60,000 from 1999–2008). Some breeding ground abundance estimates are far greater, and others far lower, than the corresponding IDCR/SOWER estimates, in a pattern apparently related to the latitudinal position of the Antarctic Polar Front.
The importance of a seasonal ice zone and krill density in the historical abundance of humpback whale catches in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Cotte Cedric , Guinet Christophe
Published: October 2020

Humpback whale populations in the Southern Hemisphere were dramatically reduced by the whaling industry. A comprehensive whaling dataset was used in an analysis of circumpolar abundance of humpback whale catches relative to contemporary densities of its preferred prey, Antarctic krill, and to a major dynamic feature of the marine ecosystem, the summer seasonal ice zone (SSIZ) derived from southernmost whaling locations. The circumpolar abundance of catches derived only from pelagic data, i.e. about 30% of the total humpback whale catches in the Southern hemisphere, was found to be only marginally related to krill density. However, the total abundance of catches – from pelagic operations and land stations, from high and low latitudes – was found to be more related to SSIZ than to krill density, especially when excluding the highly dynamic west Atlantic region where the circulation probably drives the ecosystem. A large SSIZ is likely to provide a favourable feeding ground for humpback whales, given their high energy requirements and because of its predictability and the prey aggregation processes occurring there.
Movement of individual humpback whales between wintering grounds of Oceania (South Pacific), 1999 to 2004
Authors: Garrigue Claire , Constantine Rochelle , Poole Michael , Hauser Nan , Clapham Phil , Donoghue Michael
Published: October 2020

The movement of individual humpback whales between regional breeding grounds of Oceania (South Pacific) was documented by individualidentification photographs collected from 1999 to 2004. Photographs were collected with comparable effort across the six years in four primaryisland breeding grounds: New Caledonia, Tonga (Vava’u) the Cook Islands and French Polynesia (Mo’orea and Rurutu); with smaller effort inadjacent regions: Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Niue and American Samoa. Interchange among wintering grounds was assessed first with all usablephotographs included in each regional catalogue, representing 1,080 regional sightings (including within-region and between-region resightings)of 949 individual whales from Oceania. From this, 28 cases of movement between (mostly adjacent) regions were documented. Previouslyundocumented interchange was found between regions of central Oceania and the western South Pacific. No individual was sighted in more thantwo regions during this six-year period. The documented movement between regions was one-directional, except for one individual sighted first inFrench Polynesia, then in American Samoa and then back in French Polynesia (each in different years). Only one whale was resighted in more thanone region during the same winter season. No directional trend was apparent and movement between regions did not seem to be sex specific. Asystematic quality control review of all catalogues was then implemented to calculate standardised indices of within-region return and betweenregion interchange, resulting in a quality controlled catalogue of 776 regional sightings of 659 individuals. The standardised indices confirmed thatthe probability of between-region interchange was low, relative to within-region return, supporting the assumption of multiple management unitsor stocks in Oceania. The relative isolation of breeding regions and the movement of individuals across the longitudinal borders of Antarcticmanagement Areas V and VI has important implications for the allocation of historical catches from the Antarctic and therefore, for assessingcurrent levels of recovery for breeding stocks
Encounter rates and abundance of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Gerlache and Bransfield Straits, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Secchi Eduardo R. , Dalla Rosa Luciano , Kinas Paul G. , Nicolette Raquel F. , Rufino Anne N. M. , Azevedo Alexandre F.
Published: October 2020

During the austral summer of 2006, the Projeto Baleias/Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR) conducted ship surveys for estimating whale encounter rates and abundance in Gerlache and Bransfield Straits, westward of the Antarctic Peninsula (edge between IWC Areas I and II). The encounter rate was higher in the Bransfield Strait (0.32 groups n. mile–1; 95% CI: 0.26–0.39) than in the Gerlache Strait (0.24 groups n. mile–1; 95% CI: 0.13–0.44), though the difference was not statistically evident. An abundance estimate using conventional distance sampling methods was computed only for the Bransfield Strait. The perpendicular distance data was best fitted by the half-normal model without adjustments. Derived abundance for the surveyed area was 865 humpback whales (95% CI = 656–1,141; CV = 14.13). This area represents only a small fraction of the Stock G feeding ground.
First assessment of interchange of humpback whales between Oceania and the East coast of Australia
Authors: Garrigue Claire , Franklin Trish , Constantine Rochelle , Russell Kirsty , Burns Daniel , Poole Michael , Paton Dave , Hauser Nan , Oremus Marc , Childerhouse Simon , Mattila Dave , Gibbs Nadine , Franklin Wally , Robbins Jooke , Clapham Phil , Baker C. Scott
Published: October 2020

The interchange of individual humpback whales between the wintering grounds of Oceania (South Pacific) and the east coast of Australia weredocumented by individual identification photographs collected from 1999 to 2004. Interchange was assessed using regional catalogues of flukephotographs, totalling 672 individuals from Oceania (represented by New Zealand, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Cook Island,French Polynesia and American Samoa) and 1,242 individuals from Hervey Bay and Byron Bay representing the southbound and the northboundmigration along the east coast of Australia (EA). Overall, there were seven documented movements between EA and Oceania. Four instances ofmovement of four individuals were documented between EA and the closest breeding grounds of New Caledonia. A further three movements wererecorded between EA and a small catalogue (n = 13) from the New Zealand migratory corridor. In contrast, during this same period, 20 cases ofinterchange were documented among nine breeding grounds: French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Niue, American Samoa, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatuand New Caledonia. The low level of interchange between Oceania and the east coast of Australia has important implications for understanding thestock structure and abundance of humpback whales in the South Pacific.
Density, group composition and encounter rates of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the eastern Comoros Archipelago (C2)
Authors: J. Ersts Peter , Kiszka Jeremy , Vély Michel , Rosenbaum Howard C.
Published: October 2020

The Comoros Archipelago is an assemblage of oceanic islands, banks and offshore reef systems that longitudinally span the northern MozambiqueChannel. The greater Comoros Archipelago has been designated by the IWC as Wintering sub-Region C2 for humpback whales and is currentlyconsidered data deficient. Since 1997, annual marine mammal surveys of varying length and objective have been carried out in the waters surroundingMayotte, the eastern most island in the Comoros Archipelago. The humpback whales component of these surveys focused effort in and around thelagoon surrounding Mayotte. While it is expected that humpback whales can found throughout Comoros Archipelago it still remains unknown asto what degree humpback whales utilise specific banks and offshore reef systems within this area. Surveys conducted in 2002 and 2003 includedpassing mode and closing mode components intended to examine the density, group composition and encounter rates of humpback whales in anoffshore reef complex and a bank adjacent to the lagoon surround Mayotte. The densities of humpback whales, out to one nautical mile from thesurveyed transects, ranged from 0.027 to 0.618 whales/n.mile2 across three study sites. Females with calves were the most frequently encounteredgroup type. Encounter rates ranged from 0.98 to 2.36 groups per hour of search effort. These results, while exploratory in nature, indicate that theeastern region of the Comoros may be an important area for humpback whales during the late austral winter months and that additional, moreintensive systematic research is warranted.
ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS
Authors: Boateng Alex , Bennoah Prof. Emmanuel Owusu-
Published: October 2020

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils.

Methodology:  The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses.

Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil.

Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.
IMPACT OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ON NET RETURNS IN SMALLHOLDER PIGEON PEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SEMI-ARID KENYA
Authors: Matere Stella Jane , Busienei Rono John , Mbatia Oliver Lee Ernest
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Improved pigeon pea varieties were promoted in semi-arid areas of Kenya to improve smallholder pigeon pea production systems resilience to climate change. However, the impact of adoption is unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of adoption on farming households’ net farm returns in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya in the context of adaptation to climate change. The objectives were to (i)describe farmer’s perceptions on production of improved varieties of pigeon peas as an adaptation strategy to climate change, (ii) evaluate the impact of the adoption on household’s net returns. Propensity score matching approach was used to assess the impact of the adoption.

Methodology: The study used cross sectional data gathered through household survey to evaluate the impact of adoption on farming households’ net farm returns in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya in the context of adaptation to climate change.. The study was conducted in semi-arid zones of Machakos County in South Eastern Kenya (SEK) namely Masinga, Mavoko and Mwala Wards. The areas were purposively selected for semi-arid semi-arid climatic conditions and dominant pigeon pea production.The study adopts the counterfactual approach and propensity score matching method to evaluate the impact of adopting improved pigeon peas on household net farm income. Data was analyzed using STATA 13.0 statistical package.

Findings: The results showed that 33 percent of the sampled households had adopted production of improved pigeon peas and they perceived adoption of the technology as an adaptation strategy to climate change viewed through tolerance to drought, pest and diseases, increased crop yield and shortened crop growth period. Improved pigeon peas significantly increased farmers’ net income, the adopter got a net farm income of KES 30,710 per acre per year that was KES 18, 631 more than non-adopting households.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that County Governments facilitate farmers to produce pigeon pea seeds through improved access to seed and linkage to reliable market for their farm produce to increase their farm income.
Некоторых аспекты совершенствование надзорного производства в уголовном процессе
Authors: Кучкаров Хайрулла , Нуруллаев Аслиддин
Published: October 2020

В вводной части статьи всесторонне отображено совершенствование ведения дел в надзорном порядке в период реформирования судебно-правовой системы. В основной части рассматриваются вопросы сущности и роли ведения дела в надзорном порядке. В заключении автор приходит к выводу, что следует совершенствовать вопросы в ведении дел в надзорном порядке в направлении защиты прав человека
Vital Brazil: um pioneiro na prática da ciência cidadã
Authors: Teixeira Luiz Antônio , Costa Luíza Teixeira , Zaher Erika Hingst
Published: October 2020

O estudo discute as ações de divulgação científica iniciadas no Instituto Butantan por seu primeiro Diretor, Vital Brazil Mineiro de Campanha, tendo como principal foco a prática de permuta de cobras por soros antiofídicos. Mostramos como a divulgação das atividades científicas da instituição funcionou como uma forma eficiente de atrair a população e torná-la aliada do empreendimento científico de Vital Brazil. Tratando especialmente da prática de permuta de serpentes por soros, por ele desenvolvida, apresentamos a ideia de que esse mecanismo funcionou dentro dos paradigmas do que hoje denominamos “ciência cidadã”, incorporando a população à prática científica como uma forma de potencializar e ampliar essa mesma atividade. Além disso, discutimos como esta ideia pioneira contribuiu para a ampliação do reconhecimento científico de Vital Brazil e do Instituto que dirigia, favorecendo a ampliação de suas atividades e reconhecimento nacional.
Iconografia de um projeto de Vital Brazil: considerações a respeito da Campanha Antiofídica do Instituto Butantan
Authors: Fernandes Suzana Cesar Gouveia , Chaves Elisa Maria Lopes
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar parte das fotografias do acervo iconográfico do Instituto Butantan utilizadas para divulgar a Campanha Antiofídica, levada adiante por Vital Brazil. Para isso apresentamos algumas imagens do Instituto Butantan e de álbuns produzidos pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo por ocasião das obras para a inauguração do Laboratório Central. Discutimos como a produção do registro visual foi utilizada pela Campanha para educar a população com a intenção de reduzir os casos de acidentes por meio da prevenção e da aplicação do soro e, como Vital Brazil, se utilizou dos resultados alcançados para justificar a importância dos trabalhos em Biologia Animal no Instituto Butantan.
Análise e 1 enquadramento teórico da ciência e da religião em sete livros infantis que abordam Cristovão Colombo e Galileo Galilei
Authors: Mogk Kevin S.
Published: October 2020

Como parte de meu curso de Comunicação Científica desenvolvido na Laurentian University (Sudbury, ON.), explorei como a ciência e a religião são abordados em sete livros infantis canadenses que abordam a vida de Cristovão Colombo e Galileu Galilei. Utilizando uma abordagem retórica, foram examinados os textos e as imagens desses livros a fim de compreender se possíveis conflitos entre ciência e religião são abordados e se esses conflitos aparecem de maneira balanceada, se pendem para um dos lados ou se aparecem de maneira não oposta. Utilizando o coeficiente de desequilíbrio (coefficient of imbalance) proposto por Janis e Fadner, foi possível quantificar os resultados e apontar que os livros analisados tendem a tratar a ciência e a religião de maneira equilibrada. Entretanto, quando analisadas as imagens nas sessões que apresentam conflitos conhecidos entre a igreja católica e Galileu ou Colombo, os livros se afastam de uma visão equilibrada da ciência e da religião e adotam uma posição de oposição, em alguns casos, e de não oposição, em outros.
Vulgarização da luta contra o ofidismo: diálogo possível entre mitos, lendas e a ciência moderna
Authors: Nascente Livia da Silva
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, discuto a análise realizada pelo médico sanitarista Vital Brazil em seu livro A defesa contra o Ophidismo, publicado em 1911, sobre os mitos e as lendas envolvendo as serpentes, buscando compreender por que tais expressões culturais foram consideradas prejudiciais ao bem-estar dos homens. Discorro sobre como tal perspectiva perdura nos discursos acadêmicos e no campo da educação até os dias atuais. Aponto meios de se estabelecer uma rede de trocas contínua entre os saberes científico e tradicional, principalmente nos espaços não formais de educação, a exemplo das bibliotecas científicas.
Tinjauan COVID-19 pada Anak: Infeksi hingga Terapi
Authors: Rismala Dewi
Published: October 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah suatu proses infeksi akut yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2 yang menyerang saluran pernapasan. Hingga saat ini disepakati bahwa COVID-19 hanya menular dari manusia ke manusia. Metode penyebaran utama atau transmisi COVID-19 diyakini melalui droplet yang dikeluarkan saat bersin dan batuk, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa penyebaran aerosol juga bisa terjadi. Data-data terakhir menunjukkan bahwa masa inkubasi COVID-19 berkisar antara 3 hingga 14 hari. Penderita COVID-19 bisa memiliki berbagai ragam manifestasi klinis yaitu asimptomatik hingga gagal napas. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 pada anak jarang menimbulkan gejala walaupun pada beberapa kasus ditemukan adanya sakit berat hingga menimbulkan kondisi kritis namun jika dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa angkanya masih relatif sedikit. Diagnosis dan penentuan derajat keparahan penyakit sangat berperan penting dalam tatalaksana COVID-19. Beberapa obat seperti Remdesivir, Klorokuin/Hidroksiklorokuin, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, dan Tocilizumab sedang diteliti sebagai pengobatan COVID-19. Selain proses diagnosis dan tatalaksana pasien COVID-19, tindakan pencegahan juga menjadi komponen penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam proses menekan penyebaran COVID-19.
THE FREE PUBLISHING PLATFORM IN GERONTOLOGY: INTRODUCING
Ageing and Longevity (A&L)
Authors: Bezrukov Vladislav , Verkhratsky Alexei , Shershanova Anna
Published: October 2020

Ageing and Longevity provides an accessible and multi-disciplinary platform for state of the art research in all aspects of theoretical and translational gerontology, in social gerontology and in clinical studies. Why do we move into a new platform and into open access? The publishing is changing very much as our whole world is going through the transition into the unknown. Our vision is to make Ageing and Longevity a home for all gerontologists regardless of their background and to provide a forum for free and world-wide exchange of ideas and knowledge. The journal will be published in English only; again this is fundamental for making it being read and being influential. English is the language of science and nothing can change it in a foreseeable future except the major cataclysm. At the same time we keep the journal free of charge, free for authors and for readers. For how long we will be able to maintain this seemingly unviable and idealistic model? Remains the question which we cannot answer in the current circumstances, yet we shall do our best. We rely on our authorship very much, we need a content of the highest quality and we need our authors to be our reviewers because the peer review is the only quality control.
Melatoninergic antidepressants in the treatment of post-stroke depression
Authors: Kuznetsov Viktor
Published: October 2020

The article presents data aboutthe impactof the drug Melitor (agomelatine) on the psycho-emotional activity, cerebral hemodynamics, bioelectric activity ofthe brain and their intersystem connectionsinpatients with post-stroke depression. 30 patients with post-stroke depression have been takena dose of Melitor25 mg per day for 2 months. It has been established that Melitor has a positive effect on psycho-emotional activity, improves cerebral hemodynamics, harmonizes the structure of bioelectric activity of the braininpatients with post-stroke depression.Melitor has more strong effect on cerebral hemodynamics and bioelectric activity of the brain inpatients with right-sided stroke than among thepatients with left-sided stroke. Melitor's multimodal influencejustifies the use of the drug during the rehabilitationtreatment of post-stroke patients for the improvementboth functional and psycho-emotional state.
EVALUATION OF SUBSTRATES MINERALIZATION BY C-CO2 FLUX UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Authors: Montoya-Jasso Víctor Manuel , Benedicto Valdés Gerardo Sergio , Ordaz Chaparro Víctor Manuel , Ruiz-Bello Alejandrina , Arreola Tostado Jesús Manuel , Castillo Validez Ximena
Published: October 2020

The objective was to evaluate the mineralization of two mixtures of substrates with different nitrogen content, moisture, compost and mineral mixture based on zeolite and dolomite. The measured parameters were pH (extract 1:2), electrical conductivity (extract 1:5) by conductimeter; content of organic matter by ignition; organic carbon based on the results of organic matter using the Douglas factor= 0.5; and nitrogen per micro Kjeldahl. The flow of CO2 was measured with the IRGA gas analyzer. For both moisture content, the compost-free substrates had a higher C/N ratio. Compost substrates, because of their high mineralization, were appropriate with advantages to the supply of nitrogen. Substrates with compost and 15% moisture released higher CO2 by presenting more easily degradable compounds. Mineralization rates on substrates were higher with 15% humidity due to increased porous space occupied by gases, in addition, the supply of 50% of nitrogen had a low immobilization due to the lower organic matter content and the 40 cm3 L-1 mineral mixture content changed the dilution of carbon to be metabolized by microorganisms. The rate of mineralization was affected by the use of minerals, the quality and the subtrate origin
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA (Studi Pada Perusahaan Food and Baverages Yang Terdaftar di BEI
Authors: Rabiatun Pipit , Irianto Irianto , Ariffianti Indah , Kisnawati Baiq
Published: October 2020

This study is aimed to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms, such as, independent board of. commissioner composition, board of commisioner size, audit committee, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership toward profit management. This research used 5 of food company and Baverages that was listed in Indonesia stock Exchange since 2014-2018. The sample of this research are selected by purposive sampling method. Analysis method of this research used multiple regression. Earnings management measured by using discretionary accrual. The result of this study showed that the result of regression as follow: = 7,365 + 0,631 XI + 0,553 X2 + 0,583 X3 + 0,674 X4 + 0,768 X5 + e. However the result of variable: (1) Composition of independent commissioner council has the effect of significant at profit management. It was proved by t value is higher than t table that was 4,291 > 2,085. (2) Standard of commissioner council has the effect of significant at profit management, it was proved by the result of t value is higher than t table that was 3,148 > 2,085. (3) the committee of audit has the effect of significant at profit management. It was proved by t value is higher than t value 3,569 > 2.085. (4) The ownership of constitutional has the effect of significant at profit management. It was proved by t value is higher than t table that was 4,422 > 2,085. (5) The ownership of managerial at profit management. It was proved by t value is higher than t table 5,618 > 2,085. (6) Composition of independent commissioner council, standard of commissioner council, the committee of audit, the ownership of constitutional, the ownership of managerial have the effect of significant at profit management. The result of calculation showed that f value that is 22,861, while f table 2,74 (22,861 > 2,74). It means that f value is higher than f table. The result of calculation of Composition of independent commissioner council, standard of commissioner council, the committee of audit, the ownership of constitutional, and the ownership of managerial showed that the value coofesien was 0,730 (73%) and the balance 0,270 (27%) it is described by other variable was not include in this research.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID 19 TERHADAP PERGERAKAN INDEKS SAHAM: STUDI KASUS PASAR SAHAM SYARIAH INDONESIA
Authors: Martaliah Nurfitri , Salmia Salmia , Wahyuli Puji , Aminy Muhammad Habibullah , Suhendri Ahmad
Published: October 2020

The Islamic capital market is one of the financial investment instruments that alsoserves to meet the needs of Muslim investors to invest according to sharia in a country. TheIslamic capital market in recent years has experienced quite good growth in Indonesia,with various instruments in accordance with the needs and desires of the majority ofMuslims, and has the opportunity to create a fair redistribution of the income and wealthecosystem. But there are pandemic cases that occur 19 so that all financial and economicinstruments face obstacles including the Islamic capital market. This study aims to look atthe impact of a pandemic on the movement of Islamic stock indexes in Indonesia using aliterature study approach or looking for primary information from capital marketdevelopment data that is released regularly on the official website and also informationfrom other media. The results of research analysis by looking at data and analysis of othersimple trends conclude that in the following months during the covid pandemic 19 willcontinue to decline in the movement of stock indexes, if the covid 19 pandemic problem isnot resolved properly, stock movements will decline and endanger the Indonesian economy.So there is no concrete need to overcome this problem so that it does not become aneconomic recession.
İç Ortamlarda Robot Konumlarının Anlamsal Sınıflandırılması için 2B Lazer Verisi ile PointNet++ Uygulaması
Authors: TURGUT Kaya , KALECİ Burak
Published: October 2020

Son yıllarda, robotlar tarafından yapılması beklenen görevlerin çeşidi ve sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır. Örneğin, hastane ve okul gibi büyük iç ortamlarda bir nesnenin bir konumdan başka bir konuma taşınması ya da insanlara gitmek istedikleri yere kadar rehberlik edilmesi gibi görevler bunlardan bazılarıdır. Robot konumlarının anlamsal olarak sınıflandırılması, bu görevlerin başarı ile gerçekleştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir. İç ortamlarda robotun bulunabileceği temel anlamsal sınıflar; oda, koridor, kapı, hol, asansör ve merdiven olarak kabul edilebilir. Geçmiş çalışmalarda, robotun bulunduğu konumun anlamsal sınıfını tespit etmek amacıyla 2B lazer verisi kümeleme, denetimli ve denetimsiz makine öğrenmesi teknikleri ile kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, geçmiş çalışmalardan farklı olarak nokta tabanlı derin öğrenme mimarisi PointNet++, robot konumlarının oda ya da koridor anlamsal sınıflarından hangisinde olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bunu yapabilmek için 2B lazer mesafe ölçerden elde edilen ham mesafe verileri nokta bulutuna dönüştürülmüş ve PointNet++ mimarisine girdi olarak verilmiştir. Ayrıca, mimarinin oda ve koridor sınıflarının karakteristiklerini boyutlardan bağımsız olarak öğrenmesi amacıyla ham veri ölçeklendirilerek veri artırımı (data augmentation) yapılmıştır. Gerçeklenen yöntemin başarısının test edilmesi için farklı boyutlarda oda ve koridorlara sahip Freiburg 79, Freiburg 52, ESOGÜ ve SDR-B binalarından toplanan örneklerin oluşturduğu veri kümeleri kullanılmıştır. Test sonuçları sınıflandırma doğruluğu, duyarlılık, kesinlik ve F1 ölçütü ile değerlendirilmiştir.