bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between a Previous Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Proxy for an Early Diagnosis of Dementia and Mortality: A Study of Secondary Care Electronic Health Records
Authors: Couch Elyse , Mueller Christoph , Perera Gayan , Lawrence Vanessa , Prina Matthew
Published: December 2020

Background: Dementia policy states that the early diagnosis of dementia can keep people living well for longer; however, there is little robust evidence to support this. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodrome to dementia and can aid with the earlier diagnosis of dementia. Objective: The objective of this study was to use a previous diagnosis of MCI, before dementia, as a proxy for early diagnosis to investigate the relationship between an early diagnosis and mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of electronic health care records from South London and Maudsley NHS. Patients aged 50+, diagnosed with dementia between January 2008 and November 2018, were divided into two groups: those with a previous diagnosis of MCI (early diagnosis) and those without. Cox regression models used to compare the risk of mortality between groups. Results: Of 18,557 participants, 5.6%(n = 1,030) had an early diagnosis; they had fewer cognitive, psychiatric, and functional problems at dementia diagnosis. The early diagnosis group had a reduced hazard of mortality (HR = 0.86, CI = 0.77–0.97). However, the magnitude of this effect depended on the scale used to adjust for cognitive difficulties. Conclusion: A previous diagnosis of MCI is a helpful proxy for early diagnosis. There is some evidence that an early diagnosis is associated with a reduced risk of mortality; however, it is not clear how Mini-Mental State Exam scores affect this relationship. While these findings are promising, we cannot be conclusive on the relationship between an early diagnosis and mortality.
Qualitative and quantitative assessment of magnetic vestibular stimulation in humans
Authors: Dewey Rebecca S. , Gomez Rachel , Degg Chris , Baguley David M. , Glover Paul M.
Published: December 2020

The sensation of phantom motion or exhibition of bodily sway is often reported in the proximity of an MR scanner. It is proposed that the magnetic field stimulates the vestibular system. There are a number of possible mechanisms responsible, and the relative contributions of susceptibility on the otolithic receptors and the Lorentz force on the cupulae have not yet been explored. This exploratory study aims to investigate the impact of being in the proximity of a 7.0 T MR scanner. The modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) was used to qualitatively ascertain whether or not healthy control subjects who passed the mCTSIB in normal conditions 1) experienced subjective sensations of dizziness, vertigo or of leaning or shifting in gravity when in the magnetic field and 2) exhibited visibly increased bodily sway whilst in the magnetic field compared to outside the magnetic field. Condition IV of the mCTSIB was video recorded outside and inside the magnetic field, providing a semi-quantitative measure of sway. For condition IV of the mCTSIB (visual and proprioceptive cues compromised), all seven locations/orientations around the scanner yielded significantly more sway than at baseline (p < 0.01 FDR). A Student’s t-test comparing the RMS velocity of a motion marker on the upper arm during mCTSIB condition IV showed a significant increase in the amount of motion exhibited in the field (T = 2.59; d.f. = 9; p = 0.029) compared to outside the field. This initial study using qualitative measures of sway demonstrates that there is evidence for MR-naïve individuals exhibiting greater sway while performing the mCTSIB in the magnetic field compared to outside the field. Directional polarity of sway was not significant. Future studies of vestibular stimulation by magnetic fields would benefit from the development of a sensitive, objective measure of balance function, which can be performed inside a magnetic field.
Innovative Empowerment Model in Harmonization and Deradicalization of Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Dr. Adhi Iman Sulaiman  , Suswanto Bambang , Masrukin Dr. Masrukin , Sugito Toto
Published: December 2020

Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) are not only social and educational institutions but they should also able to develop prosperity for their students and alumni as well as their respective community. Therefore, it is important to work on the empowerment of Pesantren for their harmonization and deradicalization. The current study used Participatory Action Research method. Data was collected through observation, documentation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The selection of informants was purposive and they comprised boarding school administrators, students, community groups, activists, practitioners and experts. Study locations were the Pesantren of Nurussalam in Ciamis and Al Idrisiyyah in Tasikmalaya, West Java Province and Al Muaddib in Cilacap, Central Java. The results showed that economic empowerment of Pesantren becomes strategic and important as a medium of harmonization and deradicalization between the Pesantren and the community. Therefore, it could ward off the stigma attached to Pesantren as closed, traditional, radical and even terrorist supporting institutions. Pesantren carry out social and economic empowerment in the early stages of building and increasing motivation, mindset and mental attitude, as well as interaction and cooperation. They continue to do it by designing and implementing programs in a participatory manner involving students, alumni and the community on entrepreneurial management, product improvement, and marketing in order to promote activities that are more concerned with health, environment and renewable energy.
Impact of stroke-associated pneumonia on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery system
Authors:   City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Chipova D.T. , Santikova L.V. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russian Federation, Zhemukhov A.Ch. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Aim: to study the stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) effect on the outcome of ischemic stroke (IS) in the internal carotid artery system. Patients and Methods: 87 patients with IS underwent the follow-up study, of which 75 had no inflammatory bronchopulmonary complications (group 1), and 12 had pneumonia manifestation (group 2). The study was performed on days 1, 5, and 9 after IS, and 6 months and 12 months after discharge from the hospital. Neurological deficit severity (NIHSS, Barthel index) and inflammatory markers (peripheral blood leukocyte composition, C-reactive protein (CRP), ESR) were studied. Results: it was found that the presence of SAP was associated with increased mortality during the acute IS period (4 (33.1%) patients died in group 1 and 10 (13.3%) — in group 2, p<0.05), greater severity of neurological deficits (63.3±5.3 and 71.5±4.0 points on the NIHSS scale, respectively, p<0.05) and incapacitation (Barthel index — 63.3±5.3 and 71.5±4.0 points, respectively, p<0.05) at the end of the inpatient treatment period. In group 2, signs of an inflammatory response were detected on day 5, and the values of the white blood cell shift index, ESR and CRP significantly (p<0.05) differed from the initial values. During examination at 6 months and 12 months, there were no significant differences in these indicators between the groups. An association was established between the probability of SAP occurrence and the presence of swallowing disorders (r=0.672; p<0.05), the age of patients (r=0.572; p<0.05) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (r=0.522; p<0.05). The studied laboratory inflammatory markers allow us to timely assume the occurrence of pulmonary pathology. Conclusion: timely diagnosis and prevention of SAP can reduce the risk of fatal outcome, facilitate rehabilitation measures, and improve early IS outcomes. KEYWORDS: ischemic stroke, cardioembolic stroke, atherothrombotic stroke, complications, acute period, inflammatory markers, strokeassociated pneumonia, long-term outcomes. FOR CITATION: Chipova D.T., Santikova L.V., Zhemukhov A.Ch. Impact of stroke-associated pneumonia on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke in internal carotid artery system. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(9):539–543. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-539-543.
Cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors:   Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev, Orel, Russian Federation, Mityaeva E.V. , Kamchatnov P.R. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important medical and social problem due to its wide prevalence in the population and high risk of embolic complications leading to severe consequences. The article describes an association established between AF and an increased risk of cognitive impairment (CI). Cardioembolic stroke due to AF is a common cause of CI, however, there are other mechanisms for CI development. The article also examines the role of small vessel disease and asymptomatic cerebral infarction in the formation of CI in patients with AF. Adding that, it provides data on the AF role in the development of neurodegenerative process with the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein in the brain tissue. There is an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with AF, although the causal relationship of these conditions requires clarification. Modern data concerning the role of neuroinflammation and genetic predisposition in the development of CI in AF were analyzed. The conclusion is made about the pathogenetic heterogeneity of higher cerebral functions disorders on the basis of the presented data on the CI pathogenetic mechanism in patients with AF and comorbid conditions. It was suggested that the optimal pathogenetic therapy can be chosen taking into account the known CI pathogenetic mechanisms. KEYWORDS: atrial fibrillation, cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, cardioembolic stroke, small vessel disease, neurodegeneration, amyloid, tau protein, pathogenesis. FOR CITATION: Mityaeva E.V., Kamchatnov P.R. Cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(9):578–583. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-578-583.
Patient with anxiety at a neurologist’s appointment
Authors:   Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Chutko L.S. , Surushkina S.Yu. ,   Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article presents a review of scientific publications devoted to the study of the problem of anxiety disorders. The authors present modern views on the etiology and main pathogenesis mechanisms of normal and pathological anxiety. The article describes the most characteristic mental and somatic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. It also highlights the symptoms that are commonly a somatic manifestation of unconscious pathological anxiety. Special attention is paid to the most frequent somatic symptom of generalized anxiety disorders — headache, the largest share in the structure of which is tension headache. Modern methods for the pharmacological treatment and drugs that optimally affect the main clinical manifestations of the disease are considered. The methods of rational and cognitive behavioral therapy used in the treatment of anxiety disorders are also described. Adding that, the article notes the features of communication between a doctor and a patient with anxiety. KEYWORDS: generalized anxiety disorder, somatic symptoms of anxiety, tension headache, dizziness, non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotics, aminophenylbutyric acid. FOR CITATION: Chutko L.S., Surushkina S.Yu. Patient with anxiety at a neurologist’s appointment. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(9):590– 594. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-9-590-594.
Predicting the Prevalence of COVID-19 and its Mortality Rate in Iran Using Lyapunov Exponent
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Science and Technologies, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadi Fatemeh , Kouzehgari Saeedeh ,   Department of International Relations, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Background: COVID-19 was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly throughout the world including Iran. Objective The purpose of this paper is to predict the prevalence of coronavirus and the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Iran based on the theory of chaos and measuring the Lyapunov exponent. Methods: In this analytical study, the number of confirmed cases, recovered patients, total tests, and deaths between February 20 and May 30, 2020 were collected daily from the website of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The prevalence rate and the time to reach saturation in a short period were estimated using a formula using Lyapunov exponent and the initial and final number of confirmed cases in Matlab software. Findings: Simulation of all confirmed cases between 20 February 2020 to 4 May 2020 show the number of people infected with the coronavirus would be close to saturation, but in end of May 2020 the number of people with the disease re-entered the second phase of increase. The slope of the simulation curve decreases in the second phase and the virus spreads in May at a slower rate than in the first phase (April). The simulation diagram of the total confirmed patients to the total number of tests performed also shows the entry into the second phase of increasing in May. Conclusion: Simulation results of all confirmed cases and total deaths in Iran, using chaos theory and the Lyapunov-based model, can properly represent the real data and can predict the trend of spread and time to approach saturation in a short time. Sensitivity to the initial condition in the equation by changing the quarantine restrictions and the observance of health protocols causes a change in the rate of total number of confirmed patients enters the third or fourth increasing phase. Also, based on the calculated deaths, it is predicted that the total number of deaths at the end of May will reach less than 5% of the total number of people who have recovered and died.
Winning the COVID-19 War: McKinsey & Company's Proposed Plan for Action at the Local Level
Authors:   Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Khodayari Zarnaq Rahim
Published: December 2020

McKinsey & Company, a global management consulting firm, has published a document for local authorities to introduce and explain strategies and actions to combat COVID-19. This document, by evaluating the current situation and considering some degree of contagion for at least 12-18 months, presents three strategies for local authorities to deal effectively with the virus and safeguard the life and livelihood of the community.
Delayed Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in Covid-19 Patients: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Moradi Mahnaz , Yekefallah Leili ,   Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Sedighi Mahyar ,   Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Ghapanvari Fateme ,   Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Namdar Peyman ,   Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease initiated on December 2019. Genome sequence analysis shows that the pathogen is a complex beta-coronavirus RNA, known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax are rare clinical and radiological conditions associated with COVID-19. This study is case report of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in two patients with COVID-19, while investigating the clinical and paraclinical symptoms and the treatment process of two cases. Finding factors related to the severity of COVID-19 for improving the final outcome in patients is very important.
Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Environments and the Effect of Disinfectants on its Survival
Authors:   Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Abedi Elkhichi Parisa , Aslanimehr Masoumeh ,   Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Niazadeh Mojtaba ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Iran.
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, the prevalence of a pneumonia with unknown cause was reported in China which was later named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. One of the most important ways of COVID-19 transmission is contaminated surfaces. In this review study, we investigated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces and the methods of preventing its spread Reported in studies conducted from 2003 to April 2020 which were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Embace, and Google Scholar databases using keywords including Coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, disinfection, transmission and surfaces. Out of 118 articles identified in the initial search, 73 were remained after screening their titles and abstracts. By applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 articles were finally selected for review. The novel coronavirus epidemic in humans is more widespread than previous coronaviruses, indicating the high infectivity and environmental stability of the virus. The SARS-CoV-2 can stay active for up to 28 days at low temperatures (4°C). Currently, due to the lack of effective treatment and vaccines, the best ways to deal with this disease is to avoid contamination, use disinfectants, and prevent its spread by protective measures.
The Effect of Anxiety Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence Against Pregnant Women
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran., Ramezani Faezeh , Olfati Forouzan ,   Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Published: December 2020

In December 2019, cases of pneumonia were reported in China due to a new coronavirus. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced this disease as a pandemic, provoked global anxiety.
Tra umide mura di cemento t’immagini un po’ di libertà. Poesia e proletariato nell’Ungheria interbellica
Authors: Paoletić Vito
Published: December 2020

Nel presente contributo si vuole riassumere il rapporto tra il mondo delle lettere, in primis quello della poesia lirica, e il proletariato ungherese quale suo motivo nel difficile periodo di transizione tra le due guerre mondiali. In Ungheria, gli anni Venti e Trenta furono contrassegnati da profonde trasformazioni geopolitiche e instabilità economica, il che portò vaste fasce della popolazione all’orlo di una crisi esistenziale: per il proletariato dell’epoca, e non solo per esso, oppressione e miseria erano all’ordine del giorno. Nel contributo si indaga su come abbiano sentito e sofferto nonché come abbiano espresso la paralisi del quarto stato tre importanti e diversi poeti dell’epoca: l’impressionista Juhász, l’esistenzialista József e l’avanguardista Kassák.
Destinacijski menadžment u funkciji razvoja kulturnog turizma kontinentalne Hrvatske - primjer destinacije Križevci
Authors: Golja Tea , Lekić Romana
Published: December 2020

Konkurentnost turističke destinacije definira se kao njezina sposobnost da kreira i sustavno integrira turističke proizvode, odnosno usluge i doživljaje više dodane vrijednosti. Razvoj destinacijskog menadžmenta i strateško pozicioniranje kroz odabrane turističke proizvode, odnosno doživljaje te upravljanje kako lancem vrijednosti s jedne strane, tako i iskustvom posjetitelja s druge, su uvjeti bez kojih se niti jedna destinacija ne može razviti. Turistički proizvod se formira prvenstveno na destinacijskoj, a dijelom i na regionalno razini, čime regije i (u novije vrijeme) destinacije postaju sredstvo razmjene, odnosno ono što se na turističkom tržištu nudi i prodaje. Stoga proces upravljanja turističkim destinacijama, iako u velikoj mjeri virtualan i nestandardiziran, danas postaje ne samo važnim nego i nužnim poslom i pretpostavkom za konkurentski i održivi rast turizma destinacije – bez obzira na njenu veličinu.
Svrha ovog istraživanja je utvrditi mogućnosti i prilike za razvoj proizvoda kulturnog turizma u Križevcima. Provedena su istraživanja u destinaciji i to fokus grupe i anketno ispitivanje. Cilj je dvojaki. Primarno želi se potaknuti osmišljavanje inovativnih proizvoda kulturnog turizma temeljeno na resursnoj osnovi Križevaca. Sekundarno, želi se ukazati na prilike za unapređenje, posebice na važnost i ulogu destinacijskog menadžmenta u razvoju faktora atraktivnosti koji snažno utječu na destinacijsku konkurentnost. U radu se uspostavlja poveznica između teorijskog određenja koncepta kulturnog turizma i destinacijskog menadžmenta te rezultata empirijskih istraživanja. Rezultati ukazuju da lokalno stanovništvo prepoznaju resursnu osnovu Križevaca kao snažan potencijal za razvoj proizvoda kulturnog turizma. No, evidentan je jaz između sadašnje ponude doživljaja kulturnog turizma i mogućnosti koje destinacija ima s obzirom na svoju resursnu osnovu. Zbog toga autori predlažu nekoliko inovativnih proizvoda kulturnog turizma kojima se može obogatiti ponuda ove turističke destinacije. Rezultati istraživanja koristit će planerima razvoja turizma ove destinacije, te ostalim interesnim dionicima koji žele doprinijeti razvoju proizvoda književnog i manifestacijskog turizma, ali i onima koji se žele uključiti u kreativnu interpretaciju nematerijalne kulturne baštine Križevaca.
Tanatologie : Approche historique-philosophique de la mort dans le contexte de la médecine juridique et du droit
Authors: Figueiredo Antonio Macena de
Published: December 2020

La tanatologie médico-légale intègre l’une des branches de la médecine légale liées aux aspects scientifiques avec la mort, ses signes et sa nature. Bien que la mort soit un phénomène naturel a des implications dans la sphère juridique et sociale, mais elle a toujours été une énigme dans la culture occidentale. L’objectif est de discuter de la tanatologie thématique sous trois points de réflexion : découper du point de vue des philosophes de l’Antiquité qui ont le plus travaillé sur ce thème, la vision de la mort en Occident racontée par l’historien du Français Philippe Ariés et comment la médecine juridique et le droit ont travaillé ce thème dans la pratique professionnelle. Il s’agit d’une étude d’examen de la littérature spécialisée. Étant démontré que la tanatologie médicale-juridique et juridique contribuent à ces réflexions, ainsi que dans la définition et le concept de la mort, cependant, ce sont les philosophes de Platon (428-347 a. C.) et les historiens que ce thème a été abordé à plusieurs égards. On conclut que la façon de traiter ce thème s’est transformée au fil du temps. Aujourd’hui, le phénomène de la mort est médicalisé, hospitalisé, éloigné de la famille, de la société et même de la formation académique. Bien que la médecine juridique et le droit soient des disciplines intrinsèquement associées, le thème est encore loin de l’enseignement et de la pratique professionnelle. Des preuves démontrant la nécessité de rediscuter le thème dans la formation des professionnels de la santé et du droit.
Tanatology: Historical-philosophical approach to death in the context of legal medicine and law
Authors: Figueiredo Antonio Macena de
Published: December 2020

Forensic Tanatology integrates one of the branches of Legal Medicine related to scientific aspects with death, its signs and its nature. Although death being a natural phenomenon has implications in the legal and social sphere, but it has always been an enigma in Western culture. The objective is to discuss the theme tanatology under three points of reflection: cut out from the perspective of the philosophers of antiquity who worked most on this theme, the vision of death in the West narrated by the French historian Philippe Ariés and how Legal Medicine and Law has worked this theme in professional practice. This is a review study of the specialized literature. Being demonstrated as Medical-Legal and Law Tanatology contribute to these reflections, as well as in the definition and concept of death, however, it was the philosophers from Plato (428-347 a. C.) and historians that this theme has been addressed in several respects. It is concluded that the way in which to deal with this theme has been transformed over time. Today, the phenomenon of death is medicalized, hospitalized, distanced from the family, society and even academic training. Although Legal Medicine and Law are intrinsically associated disciplines, the theme is still far from both teaching and professional practice. Evidence demonstrating the need to rediscuss the theme in the training of medical and law professionals.
Compliance - Actual or Misleading Corporate Governance Support
Authors: Pietrzak Marzena
Published: December 2020

The scientific literature treats compliance as a way of organising a company to ensure compliance with legal requirements. The effectiveness of the compliance system requires continuous improvement at each stage of the enterprise's operation, constant adaptation to changing business conditions and regulations, especially in the current crisis caused by the pandemic, which has affected the current functioning of the organisation but also the escalation of specific risks. This time is a major challenge for compliance, allowing us to observe new realities as a matter of urgency, analysing needs in order to provide real and not illusory support for corporate governance.
Updated status of Bayou darter, a narrowly ranged endemic in a geomorphically active watershed
Authors: Hubbell J , Stearman L , Schaefer J
Published: December 2020

Comparison of historical and current data are critical in establishing population trends for imperiled taxa. In this paper we revisit the status of the Bayou darterNothonotus rubrum, an endemic fish restricted to the Bayou Pierre river system, Mississippi, USA. The Bayou Pierre has experienced substantial geomorphic change in the past century, leading to questions about persistence of this imperiled species. We employed historical field notes and museum records to identify collection localities, and we resampled 32 of these localities using methodologies comparable to the original samples. We further sampled an additional 10 sites with similar methodologies to fill in spatial data gaps. Rates of capture and numbers of individuals were similar between historical and contemporary samples; however, collections with multiple individuals in contemporary samples were largely restricted to the upstream periphery of their historical distribution. Qualitative comparisons of numbers of individuals caught over several decades using variable methodology suggest that declines in abundances have happened since the species was first described. Bayou darter occupancy was positively related to stream link magnitude (beta estimate = 3.07), andN-mixture modeling estimated contemporary abundance at 7.36 ± 3.83 individuals per site. Bayou darter counts were negatively related to variance in kilometer-scale stream elevation (beta estimate = -0.60). Our results suggest that this species remains imperiled and is experiencing a declining range, and that continued efforts to study and monitor this species, and to reduce geomorphic change in the system, are merited.
Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen-containing substances in the Black Sea coastal zone by example Gelendzhik and Golubaya bay
Authors: Borodulina Polina A. , Chasovnikov Valeriy K.
Published: December 2020

In the course of studies of hydrochemical monitoring data for the period from 2017 to 2019, we found that the Gelendzhik bay, which belongs to semi-closed water areas, has an increased background of mineral and organic nitrogen forms compared to the background in the Golubaya bay corresponding to the open coast. Increased concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen in the Gelendzhik bay we detected, probably due to anthropogenic impact.
Optimasi Akurasi Algoritma C4.5 Berbasis Particle Swarm Optimization dengan Teknik Bagging pada Prediksi Penyakit Ginjal Kronis
Authors: Yulianti Ita , Saputra Rizal Amegia , Mardiyanto Muhammad Sukrisno , Rahmawati Ami
Published: December 2020

Penyakit Ginjal Kronis merupakan penyakit dengan tingkat pengeluaran biaya terbesar di dunia. Penyakit tersebut sering kali tidak menunjukkan adanya gejala yang terjadi seperti penyakit pada umumnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan agar dapat mendeteksi dini penyakit tersebut sebelum didiagnosis ke tahap yang lebih serius. Penerapan model algoritma C4.5 individual dan algoritma C4.5 berbasis PSO dengan teknik bagging dilakukan guna mengetahui model mana yang memberikan hasil terbaik dalam mendeteksi penyakit ginjal kronis. Pemilihan kedua model tersebut dipertimbangkan karena algoritma C4.5 merupakan salah satu algoritma terbaik data mining, namun cenderung memiliki kelemahan pada data yang overlap, kelas dan atribut yang banyak. Maka dari itu, teknik optimasi Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) dan teknik bagging juga dipilih sebagai alternatif dalam mengatasi kelemahan yang ada dalam algoritma C4.5. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa model algoritma C4.5 berbasis PSO dengan teknik bagging mampu menyeleksi atribut sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai akurasi yang lebih baik dengan hasil sebesar 99,70% dibandingkan dengan model individual algoritma C4.5 yang menghasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar 91,72% saja.
Evaluasi Metode Shape Contexts Pada Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Bangun Datar
Authors: Septianto Tri
Published: December 2020

Shape contexts merupakan salah satu metode shape matching. Pada penelitian ini metode ini diterapkan dalam sebuah media pembelajaran bangun datar prasekolah dasar. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menambah unsur interaktif dan terkesan mengandung kecerdasan buatan dalam sebuah media pembelajaran. Metode ini digunakan untuk mengukur persentase inputan coretan tangan pengguna. Inputan pengguna berupa coretan tangan bidang persegi, lingkaran dan segitiga. Apabila presentase inputan pengguna diatas threshold maka dianggap benar. Threshold yang digunakan yaitu > 70 %. Karena masih dalam fase pengembangan maka diperlukan evaluasi terhadap penggunaan metode ini. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan metode f-measure. Hasil dari evaluasi dengan metode f-measure mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 0.43.
Penerapan Algoritma Regresi Linear Berganda Pada Estimasi Penjualan Mobil Astra Isuzu
Authors: Nur Wahyudin Alif Al-Fadhilah , Primajaya Aji , Irawan Agung Susilo Yuda
Published: December 2020

PT.Astra International Tbk – Isuzu adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang otomotif khususnya adalah mobil. Penjualan PT.Astra International Tbk – Isuzu setiap tahunnya mengalami perubahan yang tidak menentu, hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi jumlah produksi. Dari permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu adanya Estimasi dalam jumlah produksi setiap tahunnya agar tidak terjadi produksi yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Algoritma Regresi Linear Berganda dengan menerapkan metode  Cross Industry Standard Process for Data mining (CRISP-DM), Algoritma Regresi Linear Berganda bertujuan untuk mencari nilai persamaan regresi dengan menggunakan tools SPSS24. Setelah mendapatkan persamaan regresi tersebut dilakukan perhitungan secara manual untuk menemukan estimasi penjualan PT.Astra International Tbk – Isuzu pada tahun 2020, pada penelitian digunakan 2 variabel independen yaitu cabang (X1) dan type (X2) dan 1 variabel  dependen yaitu Penjualan (Y). Berdasarkan perhitungan Algoritma Regresi Linear Berganda menggunakan tools SPSS24 ditemukan hasil nilai FHitung sebesar 48,657 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 yang berarti bahwa variabel X1 dan X2 mempengaruhi dari vairabel Y dengan nilai R2=74,7% dan nilai MAD=0,0607 Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan estimasi penjualan PT.Astra International Tbk – Isuzu tahun 2020 sebanyak 12.223, penelitian ini juga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan perusahaan agar dapat mengestimasi berapa jumlah yang akan di produksi.
Prediksi Hipertensi menggunakan Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes dan Artificial Neural Network pada software KNIME
Authors: Santoni Mayanda Mega , Chamidah Nurul , Matondang Nurhafifah
Published: December 2020

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang dapat menyebabkan kematian karena meningkatkan resiko munculnya berbagai penyakit seperti gagal ginjal, gagal jantung, bahkan stroke. Resiko hipertensi disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor penyebab seperti usia, keturunan, pola makan dan olahraga, dan merokok. Teknologi artificial intelligence yakni machine learning dimanfaatkan di bidang kesehatan khususnya prediksi penyakit hipertensi. Pada penelitian ini diimplementasi tiga algoritma machine learning yakni decision tree, naïve bayes dan artificial neural networks. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 274 data yang diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner dengan 26 pertanyaan, dimana 25 pertanyaan adalah variabel faktor resiko dan satu pertanyaan merupakan kelas yang menyatakan responden memiliki riwayat hipertensi atau tidak. Data diolah menggunakan platform analisis data yakni KNIME. Sebelum data diolah untuk membangun model klasifikasi menggunakan decision tree, naïve bayes dan artificial neural network, data dipraproses terlebih dahulu dengan melakukan imputasi missing value, oversampling dan normalisasi data. Selanjutnya pembagian data menggunakan 5-fold cross validation. Model klasifikasi yang diperoleh dievaluasi menggunakan nilai akurasi, recall dan precision. Hasil evaluasi dari eksperimen yang dilakukan diperoleh bahwa algoritma artificial neural network memiliki tingkat performa lebih baik dibandingkan decision tree dan naïve bayes dengan nilai akurasi sebesar 94.7%, recall sebesar 91.5% dan precision sebesar 97.7%.
Seleksi Fitur Support Vector Machine pada Analisis Sentimen Keberlanjutan Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Natasuwarna Amar P.
Published: December 2020

Pernyataan Mendikbud Republik Indonesia mengenai keberlanjutan pembelajaran daring memperoleh komentar positif dan negatif dari masyarakat melalui Twitter. Tweet atau komentar masyarakat berbahasa Indonesia melalui Twitter diambil secara crawling. Komentar tersebut merupakan opini masyarakat yang perlu didengar. Permasalahannya, komentar tersebut sulit dipilah untuk mendapatkan term atau kata hasil dari komentar positif atau negatif sehubungan penggunaan ragam kata yang digunakan diantaranya penggunaan bahasa tidak formal, simbol, singkatan, bahasa asing, dan bahasa daerah.  Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian menggunakan analisis sentimen. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengambilan data mentah; pre-processing data; seleksi fitur dengan Term Frequency dan TF-IDF; klasifikasi dengan Support Vector Machine (SVM); dan evaluasi menggunakan k-Fold Cross Validation dan Confusion Matrix. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan analisis sentimen komentar masyarakat terhadap pernyataan Mendikbud mengenai keberlanjutan pembelajaran daring dengan klasifikasi dua kelas yaitu positif dan negatif. Data yang digunakan berjumlah 200 data tweet terdiri dari 100 komentar positif dan 100 komentar negatif menggunakan lima rasio perbandingan data latih dan data uji. Penelitian ini menghasilkan evaluasi yang cukup baik sehingga kata-kata dengan nilai seleksi fitur tertinggi dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan mewakili suara masyarakat yang disampaikan melalui Twitter, dimana diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada accuracy sebesar 86,00%, precision sebesar 87,38%, dan recall sebesar 85,02%.
Sistem Monitoring Alat Pemberi Pakan Ikan Otomatis Menggunakan NodeMCU Berbasis Internet of Things
Authors: Fath Nifty , Ardiansyah Reno
Published: December 2020

Budidaya ikan merupakan salah satu sektor yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian di Indonesia. Salah satu permasalahan yang dijumpai oleh pembudidaya ikan adalah teknik pemberian pakan yang kurang efisien, misal harus dilakukan secara manual. Hal ini tentu saja akan kurang efisien apabila peternak memiliki banyak kolam yang harus dikelola dan memiliki pekerjaan sampingan, seperti mengelola sawah atau kebun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggabungkan konsep IoT dengan alat pakan ikan, khususnya ikan lele, sehingga peternak ikan tetap dapat memberikan pakan dari jarak jauh, di mana saja dan kapan saja serta dapat memonitoring sisa pakan ikan. Modul NodeMCU digunakan sebagai mikrokontroler yang terintegrasi dengan modul wi-fi. Sistem monitoring dibuat menggunakan realtime database firebase. Sisa pakan dalam wadah penampung dapat terdeteksi oleh sensor ultrasonik. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, diperoleh tingkat akurasi alat sebesar 96,8%. Pengujian QoS yakni delay, throughput, packet loss, dan jitter terhadap komunikasi sistem monitoring menghasilkan nilai yang sangat bagus dan berindeks 4 berdasarkan standar TIPHON.
Comparative study of different irrigation system for cotton crop in district Rahim Yar khan, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Muhammad Y. , Saleem Shahid , Irshad Muhammad N. , Mehmood Asif , Nisar Madiha , Ali Imran
Published: December 2020

The biggest responsibility of agriculture department is to produce food and cloth for huge population using the resource getting limited day by day. Water scarcity is most threatening among these limiting factors. New techniques are being developed day by day to increase the water use efficiency on farm level. Application of water directly in the plant root zone could save the water and curtail the losses pertinent to leach down and evaporation. Irrigation to soil does not control the climate variables and precipitation cannot be substituted to irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation system helps efficient utilization of water by using only when needed. This way not only losses made by leaching and evaporation are controlled but micro climate of the field is also ameliorated.  Canals and tube well water is conventionally given to crop through flood irrigation. These fields are in direct threat of evaporation and leaching resulting in excess water losses and damaging the soil quality. The study was designed taking cotton as experimental crop to calculate comparisons in plant growth parameters and yields along with water saving ability of different irrigation system. Maximum income of Rs. 99403 was obtained from sprinkler irrigation while high yield of 990kg and 753 m3 in comparison to T4, 736 m3 in comparison to T3 and 113 m3in comparison to T2 was saved under drip irrigation system. The farmers are thus recommended to adopt sprinkler and drip irrigation system in order to get enhanced yields on sustainable bases and to curtail the water losses.
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN KÜRESEL BAĞLANTILAR ÖĞRENME ALANINA YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ŞAHİNGÖZ Mehmet , KÖRÜKCÜ Melek
Published: December 2020

Küresel Bağlantılar Öğrenme Alanı bireyin çağdaş dünya algısına olumlu eklentiler yaparak, dünyayı tanıması ve çoklu bakış açısı kazanması amacını taşımaktadır. Bu alan, insanlığı ilgilendiren olayları yakından takip eden, olaylar karşısında olumlu tavır takınabilen bireylerin yetişmesinde önemli bir etkendir. Gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın amacı; sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı Küresel Bağlantılar Öğrenme Alanı’na yönelik tutumlarının farklı değişkenler açısından belirlenmesidir. Betimsel nitelikte olan araştırma tarama modelindedir. Bu araştırmanın evrenini, 2014-2015 eğitim öğretim yılında Türkiye’de ilkokul ve ortaokullarda görev yapan Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmenleri; örneklemini ise random örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen, Niğde ilinde görev yapan 285 Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu ile Özkan (2006) tarafından geliştirilen “Küresel Eğitimin Doğurgularına İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS istatistik paket programı kullanılmıştır. Anketin güvenirliği (Cronbach Alpha’sı) 0.89 olarak saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’nda dünya sorunlarına duyarlı bireyler yetiştirilmesine ağırlık verilmesini ve programda en fazla insan hakları ile ilgili konuların yer almasını istedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’nda küresel konulara yer verilmesi ile ilgili görüşleri cinsiyetleri açısından incelendiğinde bay ve bayan öğretmenler arasında farklılık olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yaş düzeylerine göre yaş düzeyi yüksek öğretmenlerin dünyadaki farklı kültürlere ait bilgiler ve tüm insanlığın eşitliği konularında daha olumlu görüş bildirdikleri belirlenmiştir. Mezuniyet türü değişkenine göre ise öğretmenlerin Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programı’nda küresel konulara yer verilmesi ile ilgili görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Recent Advances on Feasible Strategies for Monoterpenoid Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gao Qiyu , Wang Luan , Zhang Maosen , Wei Yongjun , Lin Wei
Published: December 2020

Terpenoids are a large diverse group of natural products which play important roles in plant metabolic activities. Monoterpenoids are the main components of plant essential oils and the active components of some traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Some monoterpenoids are widely used in medicine, cosmetics and other industries, and they are mainly obtained by plant biomass extraction methods. These plant extraction methods have some problems, such as low efficiency, unstable quality, and high cost. Moreover, the monoterpenoid production from plant cannot satisfy the growing monoterpenoids demand. The development of metabolic engineering, protein engineering and synthetic biology provides an opportunity to produce large amounts of monoterpenoids eco-friendly using microbial cell factories. This mini-review covers current monoterpenoids production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The monoterpenoids biosynthetic pathways, engineering of key monoterpenoids biosynthetic enzymes, and current monoterpenoids production using S. cerevisiae were summarized. In the future, metabolically engineered S. cerevisiae may provide one possible green and sustainable strategy for monoterpenoids supply.
Synthesis of Biotin-Tagged Chitosan Oligosaccharides and Assessment of Their Immunomodulatory Activity
Authors: Tsvetkov Yury E. , Paulovičová Ema , Paulovičová Lucia , Farkaš Pavol , Nifantiev Nikolay E.
Published: December 2020

Chitin, a polymer of β-(1→4)-linkedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine, is one of the main polysaccharide components of the fungal cell wall. Its N-deacetylated form, chitosan, is enzymatically produced in the cell wall by chitin deacetylases. It exerts immunomodulative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities with various medical applications. To study the immunobiological properties of chitosan oligosaccharides, we synthesized a series of β-(1→4)-linkedN-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligomers comprising 3, 5, and 7 monosaccharide units equipped with biotin tags. The key synthetic intermediate employed for oligosaccharide chain elongation, a disaccharide thioglycoside, was prepared by orthogonal glycosylation of a 4-OH thioglycoside acceptor with a glycosyl trichloroacetimidate bearing the temporary 4-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl group. The use of silyl protection suppressed aglycon transfer and provided a high yield for the target disaccharide donor. Using synthesized chitosan oligomers, as well as previously obtained chitin counterparts, the immunobiological relationship between these synthetic oligosaccharides and RAW 264.7 cells was studiedin vitro. Evaluation of cell proliferation, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg polarized cytokine expression demonstrated effective immune responsiveness and immunomodulation in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to chitin- and chitosan-derived oligosaccharides. Macrophage reactivity was accompanied by significant inductive dose- and structure-dependent protective Th1 and Th17 polarization, which was greater with exposure to chitosan- rather than chitin-derived oligosaccharides. Moreover, no antiproliferative or cytotoxic effects were observed, even following prolonged 48 h exposure. The obtained results demonstrate the potent immunobiological activity of these synthetically prepared chito-oligosaccharides.
Quinazolinones as Competitive Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase-II (Human and Bovine): Synthesis, in-vitro, in-silico, Selectivity, and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Khan Ajmal , Khan Majid , Halim Sobia Ahsan , Khan Zulfiqar Ali , Shafiq Zahid , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: December 2020

Carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) is associated with glaucoma, malignant brain tumors, and renal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas and is mainly involved in the regulation of the bicarbonate concentration in the eyes. CA-II inhibitors can be used to reduce the intraocular pressure usually associated with glaucoma. In search of potent CA-II inhibitors, a series of quinazolinones derivatives (4a-p) were synthesized and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory potential of all the compounds was evaluated against bovine carbonic anhydrase-II (bCA-II) and human carbonic anhydrase-II (hCA-II), and compounds displayed moderate to significant inhibition with IC50 values of 8.9–67.3 and 14.0–59.6 μM, respectively. A preliminary structure-activity relationship suggested that the presence of a nitro group on the phenyl ring at R position contributes significantly to the overall activity. Kinetics studies of the most active inhibitor, 4d, against both bCA-II and hCA-II were performed to investigate the mode of inhibition and to determine the inhibition constants (Ki). According to the kinetics results, 4d is a competitive inhibitor of bCA-II and hCA-II with Ki values of 13.0 ± 0.013 and 14.25 ± 0.017 μM, respectively. However, the selectivity index reflects that the compounds 4g and 4o are more selective for hCA-II. The binding mode of these compounds within the active sites of bCA-II and hCA-II was investigated by structure-based molecular docking. The docking results are in complete agreement with the experimental findings.