bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Evidence Concerning the Frontier Orbitals in [Fe,E2(CO)6]2‐ (E = S, Se): Redox‐Active Dichalcogen Ligands.
Authors: WEATHERILL T. D. , RAUCHFUSS T. B. , SCOTT R. A.
Published: May 2016

Determination of the solution structures of (I)‐(III) and related nitrosyl derivatives by Fe and Se EXAFS.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Conversion of Epoxides to Chlorohydrine with Titanium(IV) Chloride/1,8‐Di‐ azabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene.
Authors: SPAWN C.‐L. , DRTINA G. J. , WIEMER D. F.
Published: May 2016

Das im Titel genannte Verfahren erlaubt, wie im Formelschema skizziert, die Herstellung von Chlorhydrinen aus Epoxiden in Gegenwart von Acetal‐ Schutzgruppen sowie von chiralen Chlordiolen aus Epoxiden der Sharpless‐Oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Ethyl Cyanoacetate and 3,5‐Dichlorosalicylaldehyde with Ketones by Means of Ammonium Acetate.
Authors: ISMAIL M. M. , MOHAMED M. S.
Published: May 2016

Der Diehlorsalicylaldehyd (I) und Cyanessigsäureester (II) kondensieren basenkatalysiert zu dem Cumarinylamidin (III), das sich mit den Ketonen (IV) zu den Aminopyridocumarinen (V) cyclisieren läßt. Die Acylierung von (V) mit Acetanhydrid (VII) liefert die Acetamido‐Derivate (VI), die Hydrolyse die Pyridone (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Deamination Reactions. Part 42. Addition of Diazocyclopropanes to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: KIRMSE W. , HELLWIG G. , PHAM VAN CHIEM PHAM VAN CHIEM
Published: May 2016

The diazocyclo compound (I), which is obtained from the corresponding nitrosourea, equilibrates with the diazonium salt and adds to carbonyl compounds such as (II) in CH3OH to form adducts of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Extent of Racemization of Allylic Esters During Palladium‐Mediated Alkylation with Homochiral 3‐Methyl‐γ‐butyrolactone Derivatives.
Authors: ZIEGLER F. E. , KNEISLEY A. , WESTER R. T.
Published: May 2016

Das optisch aktive Lacton (I) wird mit den Estern (II) in Gegenwart des Palladium‐Komplexes (III) alkyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allenic Sulphides and Dithioacetals and Their Transformation to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: GUITTET E. , BIBANG BI EKOGHA C. , JULIA S. A.
Published: May 2016

Sulphides and dithioacetals of type (IV) are obtained by reaction of the Sulphides (I) with lithium compounds and subsequent treatment with electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 1‐Cyclopropene‐1‐carboxylic Acid Lactones Depending on the Ring Strain.
Authors: WEYERSTAHL P. , MARSCHALL‐WEYERSTAHL H. , HUELSKAEMPER L. +
Published: May 2016

The chlorolactone (Ia) reacts with the sterically hindered amine derivative (II) to give the elimination‐addition product (III) and a small amount of the side‐product (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Two Carbon Homologation of Esters to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: TAKACS J. M. , HELLE M. A. , SEELY F. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Ester (I) mit DIBAL (IV) in Gegenwart der aus (II) und (III) erzeugten Lithium‐phosphonoacetate führt direkt zu den ungesättigten Estern (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane Derivative by Dehydrobromination of a Bromomethylcyclobutane Derivative.
Authors: SURMINA L. S. , ZEFIROV N. S.
Published: May 2016

The dehydrobromination of the cyclobutane derivative (I) does not afford the expected biyclo[l.l.l]pentane, but the known bicyclo[l.1.0]butane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Acceptors for Double Michael Reactions. An Improved Synthesis of Cyclopropylidene Carboxylates and Their Reactivity to Cyclohexadienolates.
Authors: SPITZNER D. , SWOBODA H.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Benzoesäure (III) katalysierte Wittig‐Reaktion der Ylide (I) mit dem Cyclopropanon‐hemiacetal (II) führt zu den Cyclopropylidenessigsäureestern (IV), die mit dem Dienolat (V) zu den Addukten (VI) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: The Condensation Reaction between Isocyanates and Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: BLAGBROUGH I. S. , MACKENZIE N. E. , ORTIZ C. , SCOTT A. I.
Published: May 2016

Die Carbonsäuren (I) werden mit den Isocyanaten (II) zu den Amiden (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: Compounds with a Trimethoxyphenylsulfonyl Group. Part 3. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Derivatives with a 2,3,4‐Trimethoxyphenylsulfonyl Group.
Authors: BOUDET‐DALBIN R. , DURAND S. , ADAM Y. , MOREAU R. C. , FOUSSARD‐BLANPIN O.
Published: May 2016

The desired compounds of type (V) and (X) are synthesized (yields only given for some examples) as described.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Impact Induced Cleavage of the Stilbene Double Bond. Part 1. Syntheses of Stilbenes with a C2‐Side‐Chain in the o‐Position and Their Deuterated Analogues.
Authors: MAYER K. K. , PRIOR S. , WIEGREBE W.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (II), (XIIa) or (XV) are prepared via degradation of (I) with ethyl chloroformate or via o‐formylation of (Xa) or (XIVa) with subsequent Wittig reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 1,5‐Naphthalimides as Candidate Fluorescent Probes of Hypoxic Cells.
Authors: MIDDLETON R. W. , PARRICK J.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von den entsprechenden 1,8‐Naphthalindicarbonsäureanhydriden erhält man nach bekannten Methoden die Imide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic Cations from Solvolysis. Part 42. Cyclization on Methyl, Capture by Solvent and Degenerate Rearrangement of the Trimesitylvinyl Cation.
Authors: BIALI S. E. , RAPPOPORT Z.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Trimesityl‐vinylalkohol (Ia) erhält man das Tosylat (Ib), das über das Kation (II) zu dem Inden (III) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Methods for the Synthesis of the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Peropyrene.
Authors: SOLODAR' V. L. , RAZGONYAEVA I. D. , KHMEL'NITSKAYA E. YU.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of phenalenone (I) with N2I‐I4‐ H2O at temperatures above 200°C yields the title compound (II) in one step.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized 1,2‐Dioxetanes as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents: The Synthesis of Dioxetane Substituted Carbamates.
Authors: ADAM W. , BHUSHAN V. , DIRNBERGER T. , FUCHS R.
Published: May 2016

Durch Addition des Hydroxymethyldioxetans (I) an Isocyanate (II) bzw. über die Umsetzung des aus (I) erhältlichen Chlorkohlensäureesters (V) mit Aminen (VI) werden Dioxetanylcarbamate (III) zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Metal Ions in Organic Synthesis. Part 31. Synthesis of New 3‐Carbonyl‐ and 3‐Carboxy‐1‐heterocyclaminopyrroles by Copper(II) Chloride‐Catalyzed Reaction of Heterocyclic Azoalkenes.
Authors: ATTANASI O. , FILIPPONE P. , MEI A. , SERRA‐ZANETTI F.
Published: May 2016

Zahlreiche Azo‐alkene (I) werden mit den 1,3‐Diketonen bzw. β‐Ketoestern (II) unter Zusatz von CuCl2 über die Addukte (III) zu den substituierten 1‐Amino‐pyrrolen (IV) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizines. Part 5. Syntheses of 3‐(2,3‐Dihydro‐ 6,7‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrrolizin‐5‐yl)propionic Acid.
Authors: DANNHARDT G. , STEINDL L.
Published: May 2016

Die im Titel genannte Verbindung (I) reagiert mit Methoxymethylenmalonsäuredimethylester (II) zum vinylsubstituierten Pyrrolizin (III), dessen aliphatische Seitenkette mit der angegebenen Reaktionsfolge zur Propionsäure (IV) abgebaut wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Procedures via Rearrangement of 1,4‐Dithiocyanatobut‐2‐enes.
Authors: ABD ELALL E. H. M. , MELLOR J. M.
Published: May 2016

Durch Thiocyanogenierung der 1,3‐Diene (I) zu den Dithiocyanaten (II) und anschließen‐ l de Cyclisierung mit aromatischen Aminen (III) erhält man die Dihydrothiazole (IV) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Formation and X‐Ray Crystal Structures of Novel Spiro‐aziridine‐ azetidinones from Thermal Reactions between 6‐Diazopenicillanates and Aromatic Imines.
Authors: ELLIOT J. E. , KHALAF M. M. , JEPHCOTE V. J. , JOHN D. I. , WILLIAMS J. , ALLWOOD B. L.
Published: May 2016

Das ö‐Diazopenicillanat (I) reagiert mit den aromatischen Iminen (II) zu einem Gemisch der Spiro‐aziridin‐azetidinone (III) und (IV), von denen die Verbindungen (IIIa) und (IVa) bei der Thermolyse die Thioformamide (V) und (VI) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and an Initial Photobiological Study of 4‐Hydroxypsolarene.
Authors: ROYER R. , FAULQUES M. , DEMERSEMAN P. , AVERBECK D.
Published: May 2016

The effects of the title compound (IV) and its derivatives (VI) and (VIII) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae under irradiation are examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Methylthio Substituted Bis‐pyridinium Oximes.
Authors: BREGOVEC I. , MAKSIMOVIC M. , DELJAC A. , DELJAC V. , BINENFELD Z.
Published: May 2016

The new bis‐pyridinium dioximes (V) are prepared from (I)Iand (II) or from (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparative Methods for N‐Aryl‐γ‐pyridones from γ‐Pyrones.
Authors: LOOKER J. H. , CLIFFTON M. D.
Published: May 2016

2‐Hydroxymethyl‐5‐methoxy‐4H‐pyran‐4‐on (I) reagiert mit den Anilinen (II) in wäßriger Salzsäure zu den N‐Aryl‐4‐pyridonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Hydrocinchonidine and Hydrocinchonine from an Indole Derivative via Oxidation with Singlet Oxygen.
Authors: IHARA M. , TANIGUCHI N. , NOGUCHI K. , FUKUMOTO K. , KAMETANI T.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend vom Ethylpiperidinon (I) erhält man gemäß Formelschema das Keton (VII), das auf bekannte Weise in die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (VIIIa) und (VIIIb) umgewandelt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Substituted Aryliden‐5‐methyl‐6(4H)‐pyridazines and Anellated Systems.
Authors: TAOUFIK J. , COUQUELET J. M. , COUQUELET J. D. , TRONCHE P.
Published: May 2016

Die Pyridazinon‐alkohole (I) werden über die Arylidenverbindungen (II) oder direkt in die 5‐Chlor‐Derivate (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3′‐(1,6‐Hexanediyl)bis‐pyrimidine Derivatives and 3,4‐Dithia‐ [6.6](1.3)pyrimidinophane.
Authors: KINOSHITA T. , ODAWARA S. , FUKUMURA K. , FURUKAWA S.
Published: May 2016

Das 1,3‐Dioxin (I) reagiert mit Hexamethylendii‐socyanat (II) zum Kondensationsprodukt (III), das mit Hydrazin zum Bis‐semicarbazid (IV) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structure of a Stable Molecule Containing a Silicon Nitrogen Double Bond and of Its Tetrahydrofuran Adduct.
Authors: WIBERG N. , SCHURZ K. , REBER G. , MUELLER G. +
Published: May 2016

Das Azido‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐chlorsilan (I) reagiert mit Fri‐tert.‐butylsilylnatrium (II) zum Silaketimin (III), das mit Tetrahydrofuran einen stabilen l:l‐Komplex bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Azines via N‐(Diethoxyphosphinyl)‐ hydrazones.
Authors: KOZIARA A. , TURSKI K. , ZWIERZAK A.
Published: May 2016

Phosphorsäurediethylesterhydrazid (I) wird mit den Carbonylverbindungen (II) in die Hydrazone (III) übergeführt, die sich basisch mit Aldehyden (IV) zu unsymmetrischen Azinen (V) umsetzen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 53. The Reaction of Quinones with 1,3,2,4‐Dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐disulfides.
Authors: YOUSIF N. M. , SHABANA R. , LAWESSON S.‐O.
Published: May 2016

The 1,4‐benzoquinones (I) react with dithiadiphosphetane disulfides (II) to give the corresponding benzoxathiaphosphol‐5‐01‐ 2‐sulfide derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Rapid Synthesis of Phospholipids.
Authors: MCGUIGAN C.
Published: May 2016

Durch Cyclisierung des Aminoalkohols (I) entsteht das Chloroxazaphospholidin (II), das mit Alkoholen (III) zu den cyclischen Phosphoramiditen (IV) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent Nickel Bis(triaza macrocyclic) Complexes. Ligand Ring Size and Medium Effects on the Nickel(III)/Nickel(II) Redox Couple Potential.
Authors: BUTTAFAVA A. , FABBRIZZI L. , PEROTTI A. , POGGI A. , POLI G. , SEGHI B.
Published: May 2016

The formation of the Ni(III) title complexes (IV) with the ligands (IIId)‐(IIIf) (preparation to be seen in the scheme) h‐as been investigated in MeCN, DMSO, and water.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalytic Hydrogenation of α‐(Acetylamino)cinnamic Acid with a Rhodium Phosphane Complex in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: NAGEL U. , KINZEL E.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of (3R,4R)‐(V) is described (scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aspartyl Pentapeptide Esters in Relation to Structural Features of Sweet Peptides.
Authors: ARIYOSHI Y.
Published: May 2016

The title pentapeptides (I)‐(IV) are synthesized with regard to the structural features of sweet peptides.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Azidobutyryl Group for Temporary Protection of Hydroxyl Functions.
Authors: KUSUMOTO S. , SAKAI K. , SHIBA T.
Published: May 2016

The title group Ab is a versatile group for the temporary protection of hydroxyl functions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of Nitrone‐Diene Cycloadditions. Synthesis of the Alkaloids of Darlingia darlingiana.
Authors: TUFARIELLO J. J. , PUGLIS J. M.
Published: May 2016

Das cyclische Nitron (I) reagiert mit dem Phenylbutadien (II) zu Gemischen aus den stereoisomeren Addukten (III) und (IV), wobei bei niedrigen Temperaturen (III) überwiegt.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (±)‐Ptilocaulin Starting from Tropolone.
Authors: UYEHARA T. , FURUTA T. , KABASAWA Y. , YAMADA J. , KATO T.
Published: May 2016

Der Tropolonether (I) ergibt beider Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion mit Ethylen und anschließender Reduktion das bicyclische Keton (IIa), das zu (IIb) methyliert wird.
Bioremediation of Oil‐Contaminated Beach and Restinga Sediments Using a Slow‐Release Fertilizer
Authors: Becker Beatriz Rohden , de Souza Eliane Soares , Martins Rodrigo Lemes , da Luz Bueno Júlia
Published: May 2016

Bioremediation in petroleum‐contaminated sediments was investigated under laboratory conditions, that simulated an oil pipeline coming from the most productive offshore oil basin in Brazil and crossing the restinga ecosystem. Two scenarios were tested in case of an oil leakage of the pipeline: a superficial contamination of the beach sediment from the pipeline's submarine section (P1) and a subsurface contamination of the restinga sediment (P2) in the onshore buried pipeline section. The slow‐release fertilizer (SRF) Osmocote® was used in both P1 and P2 to stimulate oil biodegradation by the indigenous microorganisms, and its effectiveness was tested. After a 92‐day experiment, biostimulation with Osmocote® was efficient, but differences were observed in the biodegradation behavior of the hydrocarbon compounds analyzed. The n‐alkanes were biodegraded to trace levels after 28 days in P1 and P2, whereas, pristane and phytane were totally degraded between days 28 and 42 in P1, and 4 weeks later in P2. Natural attenuation also played an important role in removing the n‐alkanes and the isoalkanes (pristane and phytane). This research is innovative in using a SRF to develop a clean‐up solution for the sensitive restinga ecosystem after an oil contamination event, especially when considering a leakage of the buried pipeline.
Design and Development of a General‐Purpose Transmit/Receive (T/R) Switch for 3T MRI, Compatible for a Linear, Quadrature and Double‐Tuned RF Coil
Authors: Thapa Bijaya , Kaggie Joshua , Sapkota Nabraj , Frank Deborah , Jeong Eun‐Kee
Published: May 2016

This work presents the design and development of a general‐purpose T/R switch for MR imaging and spectroscopy, compatible with single and double‐tuned RF coils using linear, quadrature, or both modes at a low cost and with minimum development time using simple electronic circuits. This T/R switch was demonstrated with a custom double‐tuned 1H/31P transmit receive surface RF coils built for 31P MRS of a lamb's heart with surgically created congenital heart defects. Two passive trap circuits tuned to 1H and 31P frequencies fed from a common drive point were built to filter two different frequency T/R switches. The T/R switch was built for a 1H linear RF coil and 31P quadrature RF coil. This T/R switch design is easily modifiable to linear, quadrature and double‐tuned RF coils of relatively wide range of frequencies, so as to enable imaging of proton and X‐nuclei at 3T field. The performance of the custom T/R switch was tested with bench measurements of its isolation, insertion loss and switching time, under pulsed conditions, and on a phantom with a 3T magnet by comparing the signal‐to‐noise ratio with a commercial T/R switch. A high isolation, low insertion loss and fast switching time in the range of nanoseconds were obtained on the bench. Identical isolation was observed under pulsed conditions. An improvement of about 29% gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio was obtained with this T/R switch compared to the commercial T/R switch.
Identification of yield drift deformations and evaluation of the degree of damage through the direct sensing of drift displacements
Authors: Xiang Ping , Nishitani Akira , Marutani Shohei , Kodera Kenzo , Hatada Tomohiko , Katamura Ryuta , Kanekawa Kiyoshi , Tanii Takashi
Published: May 2016

Inter‐story drift displacement data can provide useful information for story damage assessment. The authors' research group has developed photonic‐based sensors for the direct measurement of inter‐story drift displacements. This paper proposes a scheme for evaluating the degree of damage in a building structure based on drift displacement sensing. The scheme requires only measured inter‐story drift displacements without any additional finite element analysis. A method for estimating yield drift deformation is proposed, and then, the degree of beam end damage is evaluated based on the plastic deformation ratios derived with the yield drift deformation values estimated by the proposed method. The validity and effectiveness of the presented scheme are demonstrated via experimental data from a large‐scale shaking table test of a one‐third‐scale model of an 18‐story steel building structure conducted at E‐Defense. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dispersions for the pushover‐based risk assessment of reinforced concrete frames and cantilever walls
Authors: Kosič Mirko , Dolšek Matjaž , Fajfar Peter
Published: May 2016

The paper presents the results of an investigation into the dispersion values, expressed in terms of limit‐state spectral accelerations, which could be used for the pushover‐based risk assessment of low‐height to mid‐height reinforced concrete frames and cantilever walls. The results of an extensive parametric study of a portfolio of test structures indicated that the dispersion values due to record‐to‐record variability and modelling uncertainty (βLS,RU) are within the range from 0.3 to 0.55 for the near collapse limit state, and between 0.35 and 0.60 for the collapse limit state. The dispersions βLS,RU proposed for the code‐conforming and the majority of old (non code‐conforming) frames are in between these values. On the other hand, the dispersions proposed for the old frames with a soft storey and an invariant plastic mechanism, and for the code‐conforming cantilever walls, are at the lower and upper bounds of the presented values, respectively. The structural parameters that influence these dispersions were identified, and the influence of different ground motion sets, and of the models used for the calculation of the rotation capacities of the columns, on the calculated fragility parameters was examined and quantified. The proposed dispersion values were employed in a practice‐oriented pushover‐based method for the estimation of failure probability for eight selected examples. The pushover‐based risk assessment method, although extremely simple and economical when compared with more rigorous probabilistic methods, was able to predict seismic risk with reasonable accuracy, thus showing it to be a practical tool for engineers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gravity anomaly in the southern South China Sea: a connection of Moho depth to the nature of the sedimentary basins' crust
Authors: Lei J. P. , Jiang S. H. , Li S. Z. , Gao S. , Zhang H. X. , Wang G. , Zhao F. Y.
Published: May 2016

To study the distribution characteristics of the Moho interface and the relationship between the Moho depth and the main sedimentary basins in the southern South China Sea and its adjacent areas, this paper adopts gravity anomaly data and multi‐scale decomposition of two‐dimension discrete wavelet transform to analyse the gravity field and the characteristics of the multi‐order decomposition in the study area. Through the method of Parker–Oldenburg Iterative Inversion, the Moho depth of the study area has been obtained based on four‐order approximation of Bouguer anomaly and constrained by the data of the CRUST1.0 model. By analysis and comparison, the optimum inversion parameters and the final inversion results of the Parker–Oldenburg Iterative Inversion have been explored. The distribution of the Moho depth in the study area takes on a double ‘V’‐type characteristic. In addition, the Moho morphology of the three main kinds of basins in the study area has also been concluded. The crustal thickness of the sedimentary basin indicates, in the case of the nature of the basins' crust, that the transition from north to south is from continental crust to transitional crust. These results provide the basis for further study of the gravity field, the deep geological structure in the southern South China Sea and the prediction of oil and gas prospects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asialoglycoprotein receptor facilitates infection of PLC/PRF/5 cells by HEV through interaction with ORF2
Authors: Zhang Li , Tian Yabin , Wen Zhiheng , Zhang Feng , Qi Ying , Huang Weijin , Zhang Heqiu , Wang Youchun
Published: May 2016

Although the biological and epidemiological features of hepatitis E virus (HEV) have been studied extensively in recent years, the mechanism by which HEV infects cells is still poorly understood. In this study, coimmunoprecipitation, pull‐down, and ELISA were used to show that the HEV ORF2 protein interacts directly with the ectodomain of both ASGR1 and ASGR2. Susceptibility to HEV correlated positively with the expression level of surface asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in cell lines. ASGPR‐directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HEV‐infected PLC/PRF/5 cells had no significant effect on HEV release, suggesting that ASGPR mainly regulates the viral binding and entry steps. Both the purified ASGPR ectodomain and anti‐ASGPR antibodies disturbed the binding of HEV to PLC/PRF/5 cells. The classic ASGPR ligands asialofetuin, asialoganglioside, and fibronectin competitively inhibited the binding of HEV to hepatocytes in the presence of calcium. HeLa cell lines stably expressing ASGPR displayed increased HEV‐binding capacity, whereas ASGPR‐knockout PLC/PRF/5 cell lines had lower HEV‐binding capacity. Thus, our study demonstrates that ASGPR is involved in and facilitates HEV infection by binding to ORF2. J. Med. Virol. 88:2186–2195, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of alloy composition on the oxidation‐induced boron depletion in cast Ni‐base superalloy components
Authors: Nowak W. J. , Naumenko D. , Jałowicka A. , Young D. J. , Nischwitz V. , Quadakkers W. J.
Published: May 2016

The high temperature air oxidation of the two conventionally cast Ni‐based superalloys Rene 80 containing 92 wt ppm boron and CM 247 containing 110 wt ppm of boron was studied at temperatures between 850 and 1050 °C and times ranging from 1 to 100 h. Analysis by GD‐OES and SEM/WDX/EBSD revealed the surface scale on Rene 80 after exposure at 1050 °C to consist of Cr2O3 with TiO2 in the outer part and BCrO3 and CrTi2O5 in the inner part. Internal Al2O3 precipitates were present below the external scale. After 1 h exposure of CM 247 an inner dense alumina scale formed over eutectic alloy regions containing coarse γ′ precipitates. Over dendritic regions a Cr‐rich oxide scale with BCrO3‐precipitates formed initially and aluminum was internally oxidized. After longer oxidation times an alumina sub‐scale grew from the internal precipitates, and oxidation of the initially present depleted alloy zones resulted in formation of outer Ni and Co rich oxides. In both alloys, boron depletion in the bulk alloy occurred due to formation of the mentioned boron rich oxide. The extent of depletion was substantially higher for the chromia forming Rene 80 than for CM 247. In the latter material the boron depletion was suppressed after the formation of the dense, inner alumina scale.
Explorations into Chemical Reactions and Biochemical Pathways
Authors: Gasteiger Johann
Published: May 2016

A brief overview of the work in the research group of the present author on extracting knowledge from chemical reaction data is presented. Methods have been developed to calculate physicochemical effects at the reaction site. It is shown that these physicochemical effects can quite favourably be used to derive equations for the calculation of data on gas phase reactions and on reactions in solution such as aqueous acidity of alcohols or carboxylic acids or the hydrolysis of amides. Furthermore, it is shown that these physicochemical effects are quite effective for assigning reactions into reaction classes that correspond to chemical knowledge. Biochemical reactions constitute a particularly interesting and challenging task for increasing our understanding of living species. The BioPath.Database is a rich source of information on biochemical reactions and has been used for a variety of applications of chemical, biological, or medicinal interests. Thus, it was shown that biochemical reactions can be assigned by the physicochemical effects into classes that correspond to the classification of enzymes by the EC numbers. Furthermore, 3D models of reaction intermediates can be used for searching for novel enzyme inhibitors. It was shown in a combined application of chemoinformatics and bioinformatics that essential pathways of diseases can be uncovered. Furthermore, a study showed that bacterial flavor‐forming pathways can be discovered.
Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Perioperative Blood Transfusion for Liver Resection
Authors: Bagante Fabio , Spolverato Gaya , Ruzzenente Andrea , Wilson Ana , Gani Faiz , Conci Simone , Yahanda Alexander , Campagnaro Tommaso , Guglielmi Alfredo , Pawlik Timothy M.
Published: May 2016

Background

Nomograms may be important clinical tools to estimate the preoperative risk of transfusion and allow for preemptive arrangements for alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusions.

Methods

A multicentric international cohort of 1345 patients who underwent hepatectomy for benign or malign liver diseases was used to validate a nomogram developed by the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center.

Results

A total of 449 (33.3 %) patients received a blood transfusion after hepatectomy. Several variables were associated with the need of transfusion on univariate analysis: age, BMI, hemoglobin, PT‐INR, bilirubin, AST, ALT, GGT, albumin, primary liver cancer, and number of segments resected. The MSKCC nomogram, including the number of segments resected, diagnosis (primary vs. non‐primary), extrahepatic organ resection, as well as platelet and hemoglobin levels, had a good predictive ability (AUC = 0.69). The frequency of patients transfused ranged from 19 % for patients who were at “low risk” (<20 % risk to be transfused) up to 68 % for patients at “high risk” (>70 % risk to be transfused). The nomogram was tested in a multivariable model including other factors associated with risk of transfusion. The final model included age (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.01–1.03, p < 0.001), PT‐INR (OR 1.54, 95 % CI 1.01–2.36, p = 0.048), and bilirubin (OR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.09–3.18, p = 0.021). The prediction ability for the integrated prediction model was AUC = 0.73.

Conclusion

The MSKCC nomogram was an effective clinical tool able to predict the perioperative risk of transfusion in our independent external validation. The inclusion of patient age, as well as factors associated with liver functional status (bilirubin and PT‐INR), improved the predictive ability of the MSKCC nomogram.
Church-Based Social Support among Caribbean Blacks in the United States
Authors: Nguyen Ann W. , Taylor Robert Joseph , Chatters Linda M.
Published: May 2016

An emerging body of research notes the importance of church-based social support networks in the daily lives of Americans. However, few studies examine church-based support, and especially among ethnic subgroups within the U.S. Black population, such as Caribbean Blacks. This study uses data from the National Survey of American Life to examine demographic and religious participation (e.g., attendance, interaction) correlates of church-based social support (e.g., receipt of emotional support, receipt of general support, provision of support to others, and negative interaction) among Caribbean Blacks residing in the U.S. Multiple regression analyses indicated that religious participation was associated with all four dependent variables. Church attendance was positively associated with receiving emotional support, general social support, and providing support to others, but was not associated with negative interaction. Frequency of interaction with fellow congregants was positively associated with receiving emotional support, receiving general support, providing support to others and negative interaction. Demographic findings indicated that women provided more support to church members and experienced more negative interactions with members than did men. Education was positively associated with frequency of support; household income was negatively associated with receiving emotional support and providing social support to others. Findings are discussed in relation to the role of church-based support networks in the lives of Caribbean Black immigrants and communities.
Up/down anisotropies of vertical saccades in healthy children depending on the mode and the depth of execution
Authors: Gaertner Chrystal , Wiener‐Vacher Sylvette , Kapoula Zoï
Published: May 2016

While the overall development of saccades in children has recently gained increasing interest, the precise characteristics of vertical saccades remain understudied. The few adult studies existing showed up/down anisotropies on various parameters. This study focuses on the development of vertical saccades and their interaction with vergence movements, according to the mode of initiation of the saccades (automatic and controlled). Eighty six children (9.57 ± 3.15 years) performed vertical saccades with an eccentricity of 7.5°, at 40 cm and at 150 cm viewing distance, in a gap paradigm – automatic saccades – and in an overlap paradigm – more voluntary or controlled saccades. Task and direction effects: latency was overall longer in the overlap than in the gap task, duration was longer for upward than downward saccades, conjugate vertical drift was larger after upward than downward saccades, horizontal vergence was higher during and after downward than upward saccades. Age effects: For upward saccades, amplitude, mean and peak velocity of upward saccades increased with age, while the vertical conjugate drift after downward saccades at far distance decreased with age; for downward saccades in the overlap task, the horizontal convergence increased with age concomitantly with an increase of the duration. The results are discussed in the context of hypothetical differential circuits of automatic and controlled saccades maturing progressively in children and interacting with direction (up/down). We suggest that the up/down asymmetries, more pronounced in the overlap task, are built progressively in mutual interaction with a perceptive peripheral bias, up being perceived as far and down as near.
A kinetic model for particle–surface interaction applied to rain falling on water waves
Authors: Veron Fabrice , Mieussens Luc
Published: May 2016

We present a model for estimating the momentum flux from water drops falling onto a moving free surface. The theory is based on a kinetic approach whereby individual drops are modelled as point particles with mass and velocity, and are described collectively by a distribution function $f(t,\boldsymbol{x},\boldsymbol{v},r)$. We show that the resulting momentum flux can be readily incorporated into free-surface Navier–Stokes and Euler models. As an illustration of this approach we examine the interaction between rainfall and linear deep-water surface waves. This particular application is not fundamentally different from the study of Le Méhauté & Khangaonkar (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 20 (12), 1990, pp. 1805–1812), but our methodology is more general and is novel in its use of a kinetic approach with an all-purpose drop distribution function. The applicability of the model to linear surface waves is found to be valid for surface-wave wavelengths ranging from approximately 3 to 250 m. We further show that rainfall modifies the usual wave dispersion relationship and induces wave amplification, or damping, depending on the rain rate, the rain impact angle and the wavelength of the surface wave. We solve for the amplification and damping rates analytically and show, among other results, that rain falling vertically will always damp the surface waves.
Merging of two or more plumes arranged around a circle
Authors: Rooney G. G.
Published: May 2016

A model is presented of merging turbulent plumes from sources evenly spaced around a horizontal circle in a quiescent, unstratified background. This follows the previously developed method of (i) identifying the boundaries of interacting plumes with velocity-potential contours of line sinks and (ii) closing the generalised plume equations with an entrainment assumption based on the integrated flux across the plume boundaries. It includes the simplest case of two merging plumes, as well as being applicable to plume flows in restricted corner configurations. The model is shown to display the expected limiting behaviour for the source plumes and the merged plume. Consideration of the plume fluxes in the merging region leads to a revision of the entrainment assumption. The resulting revised model compares satisfactorily with previous estimates of volume flux in two merging plumes.
COMPUTABLE STRUCTURES IN GENERIC EXTENSIONS
Authors: KNIGHT JULIA , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO , SCHWEBER NOAH
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we investigate connections between structures present in every generic extension of the universe V and computability theory. We introduce the notion of generic Muchnik reducibility that can be used to compare the complexity of uncountable structures; we establish basic properties of this reducibility, and study it in the context of generic presentability, the existence of a copy of the structure in every extension by a given forcing. We show that every forcing notion making ω2 countable generically presents some countable structure with no copy in the ground model; and that every structure generically presentable by a forcing notion that does not make ω2 countable has a copy in the ground model. We also show that any countable structure ${\cal A}$ that is generically presentable by a forcing notion not collapsing ω1 has a countable copy in V, as does any structure ${\cal B}$ generically Muchnik reducible to a structure ${\cal A}$ of cardinality ℵ1. The former positive result yields a new proof of Harrington’s result that counterexamples to Vaught’s conjecture have models of power ℵ1 with Scott rank arbitrarily high below ω2. Finally, we show that a rigid structure with copies in all generic extensions by a given forcing has a copy already in the ground model.
The equatorial current sheet and other interesting features of the pulsar magnetosphere
Authors: Contopoulos Ioannis
Published: May 2016

We want to understand what drives magnetospheric dissipation in the equatorial current sheet. Numerical simulations have limitations and, unless we have a clear a priori understanding of the physical processes involved, their results can be misleading. We argue that the canonical pulsar magnetosphere is strongly dissipative and that a large fraction (up to 30–40 % in an aligned rotator) of the spindown luminosity is redirected towards the equator where it is dissipated into particle acceleration and emission of radiation. We show that this is due to the failure of the equatorial electric current to cross the Y-point at the tip of the corotating zone.
Mapping quantum state dynamics in spontaneous emission
Authors: Naghiloo M. , Foroozani N. , Tan D. , Jadbabaie A. , Murch K. W.
Published: May 2016

The evolution of a quantum state undergoing radiative decay depends on how its emission is detected. If the emission is detected in the form of energy quanta, the evolution is characterized by a quantum jump to a lower energy state. In contrast, detection of the wave nature of the emitted radiation leads to different dynamics. Here, we investigate the diffusive dynamics of a superconducting artificial atom under continuous homodyne detection of its spontaneous emission. Using quantum state tomography, we characterize the correlation between the detected homodyne signal and the emitter’s state, and map out the conditional back-action of homodyne measurement. By tracking the diffusive quantum trajectories of the state as it decays, we characterize selective stochastic excitation induced by the choice of measurement basis. Our results demonstrate dramatic differences from the quantum jump evolution associated with photodetection and highlight how continuous field detection can be harnessed to control quantum evolution.
The EBI2 signalling pathway plays a role in cellular crosstalk between astrocytes and macrophages
Authors: Rutkowska Aleksandra , O’Sullivan Sinead A. , Christen Isabelle , Zhang Juan , Sailer Andreas W. , Dev Kumlesh K.
Published: May 2016

EBI2 is a G protein-coupled receptor activated by oxysterol 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25HC) and regulates T cell-dependant antibody response and B cell migration. We recently found EBI2 is expressed in human astrocytes, regulates intracellular signalling and modulates astrocyte migration. Here, we report that LPS treatment of mouse astrocytes alters mRNA levels of EBI2 and oxysterols suggesting that the EBI2 signalling pathway is sensitive to LPS-mediated immune challenge. We also find that conditioned media obtained from LPS-stimulated mouse astrocytes induces macrophage migration, which is inhibited by the EBI2 antagonist NIBR189. These results demonstrate a role for the EBI2 signalling pathway in astrocytes as a sensor for immune challenge and for communication with innate immune cells such as macrophages.
Integrative analysis of extracellular and intracellular bladder cancer cell line proteome with transcriptome: improving coverage and validity of –omics findings
Authors: Latosinska Agnieszka , Makridakis Manousos , Frantzi Maria , Borràs Daniel M. , Janssen Bart , Mullen William , Zoidakis Jerome , Merseburger Axel S. , Jankowski Vera , Mischak Harald , Vlahou Antonia
Published: May 2016

Characterization of disease-associated proteins improves our understanding of disease pathophysiology. Obtaining a comprehensive coverage of the proteome is challenging, mainly due to limited statistical power and an inability to verify hundreds of putative biomarkers. In an effort to address these issues, we investigated the value of parallel analysis of compartment-specific proteomes with an assessment of findings by cross-strategy and cross-omics (proteomics-transcriptomics) agreement. The validity of the individual datasets and of a “verified” dataset based on cross-strategy/omics agreement was defined following their comparison with published literature. The proteomic analysis of the cell extract, Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi apparatus and conditioned medium of T24 vs. its metastatic subclone T24M bladder cancer cells allowed the identification of 253, 217 and 256 significant changes, respectively. Integration of these findings with transcriptomics resulted in 253 “verified” proteins based on the agreement of at least 2 strategies. This approach revealed findings of higher validity, as supported by a higher level of agreement in the literature data than those of individual datasets. As an example, the coverage and shortlisting of targets in the IL-8 signalling pathway are discussed. Collectively, an integrative analysis appears a safer way to evaluate -omics datasets and ultimately generate models from valid observations.
Levetiracetam mitigates doxorubicin-induced DNA and synaptic damage in neurons
Authors: Manchon Jose Felix Moruno , Dabaghian Yuri , Uzor Ndidi-Ese , Kesler Shelli R. , Wefel Jeffrey S. , Tsvetkov Andrey S.
Published: May 2016

Neurotoxicity may occur in cancer patients and survivors during or after chemotherapy. Cognitive deficits associated with neurotoxicity can be subtle or disabling and frequently include disturbances in memory, attention, executive function and processing speed. Searching for pathways altered by anti-cancer treatments in cultured primary neurons, we discovered that doxorubicin, a commonly used anti-neoplastic drug, significantly decreased neuronal survival. The drug promoted the formation of DNA double-strand breaks in primary neurons and reduced synaptic and neurite density. Pretreatment of neurons with levetiracetam, an FDA-approved anti-epileptic drug, enhanced survival of chemotherapy drug-treated neurons, reduced doxorubicin-induced formation of DNA double-strand breaks and mitigated synaptic and neurite loss. Thus, levetiracetam might be part of a valuable new approach for mitigating synaptic damage and, perhaps, for treating cognitive disturbances in cancer patients and survivors.
Deterministically Entangling Two Remote Atomic Ensembles via Light-Atom Mixed Entanglement Swapping
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Yan Zhihui , Jia Xiaojun , Xie Changde
Published: May 2016

Entanglement of two distant macroscopic objects is a key element for implementing large-scale quantum networks consisting of quantum channels and quantum nodes. Entanglement swapping can entangle two spatially separated quantum systems without direct interaction. Here we propose a scheme of deterministically entangling two remote atomic ensembles via continuous-variable entanglement swapping between two independent quantum systems involving light and atoms. Each of two stationary atomic ensembles placed at two remote nodes in a quantum network is prepared to a mixed entangled state of light and atoms respectively. Then, the entanglement swapping is unconditionally implemented between the two prepared quantum systems by means of the balanced homodyne detection of light and the feedback of the measured results. Finally, the established entanglement between two macroscopic atomic ensembles is verified by the inseparability criterion of correlation variances between two anti-Stokes optical beams respectively coming from the two atomic ensembles.
Significant Lowering Optical Loss of Electrodes via using Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Interlayer for Organic Laser in Electrically Driven Device Configuration
Authors: Yi Jianpeng , Niu Qiaoli , Xu Weidong , Hao Lin , Yang Lei , Chi Lang , Fang Yueting , Huang Jinjin , Xia Ruidong
Published: May 2016

One of the challenges toward electrically driven organic lasers is the huge optical loss associated with the contact of electrodes and organic gain medium in device. We demonstrated a significant reduction of the optical loss by using our newly developed conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPE) PPFN+Br− as interlayer between gain medium and electrode. The optically pumped amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was observed at very low threshold for PFO as optical gain medium and up to 37 nm thick CPE as interlayer in device configuration, c.f., a 5.7-fold ASE threshold reduction from pump energy 150 μJ/cm2 for ITO/PFO to 26.3 μJ/cm2 for ITO/PPFN+Br−/PFO. Furthermore, ASE narrowing displayed at pump energy up to 61.8 μJ/cm2 for device ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFO/PPFN+Br−/Ag, while no ASE was observed for the reference devices without CPE interlayer at pump energy up to 240 μJ/cm2. The optically pumped lasing operation has also been achieved at threshold up to 45 μJ/cm2 for one-dimensional distributed feedback laser fabricated on ITO etched grating in devices with CPE interlayer, demonstrating a promising device configuration for addressing the challenge of electrically driven organic lasers.
Effects of Metal Nanoparticles on Methane Production from Waste-Activated Sludge and Microorganism Community Shift in Anaerobic Granular Sludge
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Dong , Dai Lingling , Chen Yinguang , Dai Xiaohu
Published: May 2016

Extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer and industrial products has led to concerns about their potential environmental impacts; however, the influences of different NPs (e.g., nZVI (nano zero-valent iron), Ag NPs, Fe2O3 NPs and MgO NPs) on the anaerobic digestion of sludge have not yet been studied in depth. Additionally, a new guideline or the use of different NPs in the anaerobic digestion of sludge should be established to improve the anaerobic digestion of sludge and avoid inhibitory effects. This study investigated the effects of four representative NPs (i.e., nZVI, Ag NPs, Fe2O3 NPs and MgO NPs) on methane production during the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS). The presence of 10 mg/g total suspended solids (TSS) nZVI and 100 mg/g TSS Fe2O3 NPs increased methane production to 120% and 117% of the control, respectively, whereas 500 mg/g TSS Ag NPs and 500 mg/g TSS MgO NPs generated lower levels of methane production (73.52% and 1.08% that of the control, respectively). These results showed that low concentrations of nZVI and Fe2O3 NPs promoted the amount of microbes (Bacteria and Archaea) and activities of key enzymes but that higher concentrations of Ag NPs and MgO NPs inhibited them.
The intracellular trafficking mechanism of Lipofectamine-based transfection reagents and its implication for gene delivery
Authors: Cardarelli Francesco , Digiacomo Luca , Marchini Cristina , Amici Augusto , Salomone Fabrizio , Fiume Giuseppe , Rossetta Alessandro , Gratton Enrico , Pozzi Daniela , Caracciolo Giulio
Published: May 2016

Lipofectamine reagents are widely accepted as “gold-standard” for the safe delivery of exogenous DNA or RNA into cells. Despite this, a satisfactory mechanism-based explanation of their superior efficacy has remained mostly elusive thus far. Here we apply a straightforward combination of live cell imaging, single-particle tracking microscopy and quantitative transfection-efficiency assays on live cells to unveil the intracellular trafficking mechanism of Lipofectamine/DNA complexes. We find that Lipofectamine, contrary to alternative formulations, is able to efficiently avoid active intracellular transport along microtubules and the subsequent entrapment and degradation of the payload within acidic/digestive lysosomal compartments. This result is achieved by random Brownian motion of Lipofectamine-containing vesicles within the cytoplasm. We demonstrate here that Brownian diffusion is an efficient route for Lipofectamine/DNA complexes to avoid metabolic degradation, thus leading to optimal transfection. By contrast, active transport along microtubules results in DNA degradation and subsequent poor transfection. Intracellular trafficking, endosomal escape and lysosomal degradation appear therefore as highly interdependent phenomena, in such a way that they should be viewed as a single barrier on the route for efficient transfection. As a matter of fact, they should be evaluated in their entirety for the development of optimized non-viral gene delivery vectors.
Integrated microfluidic aptasensor for mass spectrometric detection of vasopressin in human plasma ultrafiltrate
Authors: Yang J. , Zhu J. , Pei R. , Oliver J. A. , Landry D. W. , Stojanovic M. N. , Lin Q.
Published: May 2016

We present a microfluidic aptamer-based biosensor for detection of low-molecular-weight biomarkers in patient samples.
Rapid determination of vitamin B12(cobalamin) based on silver nanoclusters capped by polyethyleneimine with different molecular weights and terminal groups
Authors: Qu Fei , Song Qianwei , You Jinmao
Published: May 2016

Ag nanocluster fluorescence can be dramatically quenched by vitamin B12by the inner filter effect.
Rapid and direct detection of illicit dyes on tainted fruit peel using a PVA hydrogel surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate
Authors: Gong Zhengjun , Wang Canchen , Pu Shan , Wang Cong , Cheng Fansheng , Wang Yonghong , Fan Meikun
Published: May 2016

A simple and fast method has been proposed for the direct identification of Sudan red adulterated fruit using a hydrogel SERS substrate. A kumquat dyed with Sudan red at a level of dozens of ppb was successfully detected using the proposed method even after 4 weeks of storage and verified with HPLC.