bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small volume biopsy diagnostic yield at initial diagnosis versus recurrence/transformation of follicular lymphoma: A retrospective Cyto‐Heme Interinstitutional Collaborative study
Authors: Fitzpatrick Megan J. , Sundaram Vandana , Ly Amy , Abramson Jeremy S. , Balassanian Ronald , Cheung Matthew C. , Cook Stephen L. , Falchi Lorenzo , Frank Annabel K. , Gupta Srishti , Hasserjian Robert P. , Lin Oscar , Long Steven R. , Menke Joshua R. , Mou Eric , Reed Daniel R. , Ruiz‐Cordero Roberto , Volaric Ashley K. , Wang Linlin , Wen Kwun Wah , Xie Yi , Zadeh Sara L. , Gratzinger Dita
Published: December 2022

Background

Few studies have evaluated diagnostic yield of small volume biopsies (SVB) for the diagnosis and management of follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods

The authors performed a multi‐institutional retrospective analysis of SVBs including fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and needle core biopsy (NCB) for initial FL diagnosis and suspected recurrence or transformation of FL. A total of 676 workups beginning with SVB were assessed for the mean number of biopsies per workup, the proportion of workups requiring multiple biopsies, and the proportion with a complete diagnosis including grade, on initial biopsy.

Results

Compared to workups performed for question transformation/recurrence, those done for initial FL diagnosis were significantly more likely to require multiple biopsies (p < .01), had a higher mean number of biopsies per workup (1.7 vs. 1.1, absolute standardized difference = 1.1), and a lower complete diagnosis rate at initial biopsy (39% vs. 56%). At initial FL diagnosis, NCB +/− FNA was associated with fewer biopsies per workup compared to FNA +/− CB (1.2 vs. 1.9), fewer workups requiring multiple biopsies (23% vs. 83%), and a higher complete diagnosis rate (71% vs. 18%). In contrast, during assessment for transformation/recurrence, NCB and FNA showed a similar mean number of biopsies per workup (1.2 vs. 1.2) and few workups required multiple biopsies (6% vs. 19%).

Conclusions

SVB at initial FL diagnosis often required additional biopsies to establish a complete diagnosis. In contrast, when assessing for transformed/recurrent FL, additional biopsies were generally not obtained regardless of SVB type, suggesting that in these clinical settings SVB may be sufficient for clinical decision‐making.
Neuroendocrine tumor of the breast showing invasive micropapillary features and multiple lymph node metastases
Authors: Kawasaki Tomonori , Tashima Tomoaki , Muramatsu Chisako , Fujimoto Akihiro , Usami Yoko , Kodama Hitomi , Ichikawa Jiro , Nagai Hirokazu , Taniyama Kiyomi
Published: December 2022

Background

Herein, for the first time, we present a case with mixed invasive micropapillary and neuroendocrine mammary neoplasm.

Case

The patient, a 65‐year‐old postmenopausal woman, had become aware of a tumor in her right breast 11 months prior to presentation at our hospital. The cut surface of the mastectomy specimen contained a well‐circumscribed, multinodular, red‐brown tumor, measuring 15x15x15 cm. Histopathologically, this solid cystic lesion consisted of medullary growth of cancer cells accompanied by a well‐developed vascular network as well as conspicuous hemorrhage. Cancer cell nests of various sizes displayed an “inside‐out” structure surrounded by empty spaces. Most cancer cells were polygonal, though a few were short fusiform‐shaped, and possessed finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm and ovoid, fine‐granular nuclei. Eighteen mitotic figures were observed in 10 high‐power fields. Macrometastases, up to 13x8 mm in size, with the same morphological features as the original tumor site, were identified in 3 of 15 dissected right axillary nodes. Immunohistochemically, primary and metastatic cancer cells were diffusely positive for chromogranin A and the estrogen receptor (Allred's total score: 8) and focally reactive for synaptophysin and the progesterone receptor (total score: 5). HER2 and cytokeratin 5/6 were negative, and the MIB‐1 labelling index was 36.2%. MUC1 and EMA lined the stroma‐facing surfaces of the cell membranes, indicating reversed polarity.

Conclusion

Our current patient, who had an invasive breast carcinoma with concomitant neuroendocrine and micropapillary features, developed multiple nodal metastases in association with a large‐diameter tumor showing a luminal B‐like immuno‐profile. Accordingly, meticulous clinical follow‐up remains essential for this uncommon case.
Feeding and developmental outcomes after neonatal seizures—A prospective observational study
Authors: Roberts Katelyn H. , Barks John D. E. , Glass Hannah C. , Soul Janet S. , Chang Taeun , Wusthoff Courtney J. , Chu Catherine J. , Massey Shavonne L. , Abend Nicholas S. , Lemmon Monica E. , Thomas Cameron , Guillet Ronnie , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Franck Linda S. , McCaffery Harlan , Li Yi , McCulloch Charles E. , Shellhaas Renée A.
Published: December 2022

Objective

Among neonates with acute symptomatic seizures, we evaluated whether the inability to take full feeds at the time of hospital discharge from neonatal seizure admission is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes, after adjusting for relevant clinical variables.

Methods

This prospective, nine‐center study of the Neonatal Seizure Registry (NSR) assessed characteristics of infants with seizures, including evidence of brainstem injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mode of feeding upon discharge, and developmental outcomes at 12, 18, and 24 months. The inability to take oral feeds was identified through a review of medical records. Brainstem injury was identified through a central review of neonatal MRIs. Developmental outcomes were assessed with the Warner Initial Developmental Evaluation of Adaptive and Functional Skills (WIDEA‐FS) at 12, 18, and 24 months corrected age.

Results

Among 276 infants, inability to achieve full oral feeds was associated with lower total WIDEA‐FS scores (160.2 ± 25.5 for full oral feeds vs. 121.8 ± 42.9 for some/no oral feeds at 24 months, p < 0.001). At 12 months, a gastrostomy tube was required for 23 of the 49 (47%) infants who did not achieve full oral feeds, compared with 2 of the 221 (1%) who took full feeds at discharge (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The inability to take full oral feeds upon hospital discharge is an objective clinical sign that can identify infants with acute symptomatic neonatal seizures who are at high risk for impaired development at 24 months.
Application of a hyperspectral camera for colorimetric measurements on polychrome surfaces in a controlled environment and evaluation of three image processing software for displaying colorimetric data: Pros and cons of the methodology presented
Authors: Cherubini Filippo , Casini Andrea , Cucci Costanza , Picollo Marcello , Stefani Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

This work explores the potential of a compact hyperspectral camera, Specim IQ, for the remote colorimetric study of polychrome surfaces in controlled environments. These measurements are generally made with dedicated instruments, such as colorimeters or spectrophotometers, which require contact with the surface and coverage areas of the order of 10s of mm2. These two characteristics, contact and a very small analysis area, can severely limit the study of polychrome surfaces, since the measured areas are not necessarily representative of the entire surface. In addition, it is not always possible to touch the objects being analyzed. A possible alternative is the use of compact hyperspectral cameras, such as Specim IQ, for the in situ study of the spectral and colorimetric characteristics of these surfaces. To better address this research, which is still in the preliminary phase, a 2 × 45°/0° geometry measuringement was used. The illumination of the image plane at 45° with respect to the camera made it possible to eliminate the components reflected specularly on the camera lens. With this shooting geometry, Labsphere Color and Gray Reflectance Standards (eight color and four gray standards) were analyzed and placed on seven different color backgrounds. With the spectral data acquired, it was possible to calculate the color of the targets and display the colorimetric values by means of three commonly used image processing software packages. In this way, it was possible to define for this hyperspectral camera a measurement‐data processing procedure applicable to measurements in the laboratory aimed at studying the color of polychrome surfaces.
Divergent Total Synthesis of Fornicin A, Fornicin D, and Ganodercin D, Meroterpenoids from Ganoderma Mushrooms
Authors: Bunt Daan V. , Aidy Sahar El , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: December 2022

The meroterpenoids fornicin A, fornicin D, and ganodercin D, found in mushrooms of the Ganoderma genus, have been prepared in a concise and divergent synthesis route. The characteristic unsaturated γ‐ketoacid moiety was obtained via an optimized step‐wise aldol condensation between two readily accessible building blocks. THP‐protection of a phenolic hydroxyl group under basic conditions was developed, a protocol that adds to the versatility of this protecting group.
Timing and Origin of Compressional Tectonism in Mare Tranquillitatis
Authors: Frueh Thomas , Hiesinger Harald , Bogert Carolyn H. van der , Clark Jaclyn D. , Watters Thomas R , Schmedemann Nico
Published: December 2022

The lithosphere of the Moon has been deformed by tectonic processes for
at least 4 billion years, resulting in a variety of tectonic surface
features. Extensional large lunar graben formed during an early phase of
net thermal expansion before 3.6 Ga. With the emplacement of mare
basalts at ~3.9 – 4.0 Ga, faulting and folding of the
mare basalts initiated, and wrinkle ridges formed. Lunar wrinkle ridges
exclusively occur within the lunar maria and are thought to be the
result of superisostatic loading by dense mare basalts. Since 3.6 Ga,
the Moon is in a thermal state of net contraction, which led to the
global formation of small lobate thrust faults called lobate scarps.
Hence, lunar tectonism recorded changes in the global and regional
stress fields and is, therefore, an important archive for the thermal
evolution of the Moon. Here, we mapped tectonic features in the
non-mascon basin Mare Tranquillitatis and classified these features
according to their respective erosional states. This classification aims
to give new insights into the timing of lunar tectonism and the
associated stress fields. We found a wide time range of tectonic
activity, ranging from ancient to recent (3.8 Ga to < 50 Ma).
Early wrinkle ridge formation seems to be closely related to subsidence
and flexure. For the recent and ongoing growth of wrinkle ridges and
lobate scarps, global contraction with a combination of recession
stresses, diurnal tidal stresses, as well as with a combination of SPA
ejecta loading and true polar wander are likely.
A scalable compressible volume of fluid solver using a stratified flow model
Authors: Sementilli Mae L. , McGurn Matthew T. , Chen James
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a Volume of Fluid method which uses a Stratified Flow model for flux calculation is proposed to solve a compressible multiphase flow in a way that has high parallel efficiency. The solver is part of an open‐source computing tool to study fuel entrainment and combustion in the application of paraffin‐based hybrid rocket motors. This paper focuses on the compressible Volume of Fluid solver for the liquid and gaseous phases in this environment. This solver uses perfect gas and stiffened gas models for equation of state, with the ability to easily add other models as desired. Additionally a comparison of a Riemann solver versus an AUSM+up scheme is conducted, showing improvement with the later in the solution of multiphase flows. This solver successfully reproduces shock tube cases with the expected accuracy, as well as simulating two‐dimensional shear and gravity‐driven flows. Results also show that the code is able to utilize a Stratified Flow model to evaluate shear flow without the need for interface reconstruction or gradient calculations. Finally, it is shown that the solver has near‐ideal scaling under strong scaling tests as well as good performance in static scaling, giving improved performance over current options and implying future advancement of high‐performance computing efficiency for multiphase flow solvers.
Effects of Lupinus luteus on hepatic and renal extracellular compounds turnover under diabetes in rat
Authors: Sayari Maha , Dab Houcine , Tlili Mounira , Zourgui Lazhar , Khabir Abdelmajid
Published: December 2022

Hepatic and renal extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover associated with diabetes and potential beneficial effects of yellow lupin extract (YLE) need further investigations. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of yellow Lupinus luteus extract (YLE) on renal and hepatic ECM under diabetes. Composition of YLE performed by LC‐ESI‐MS. Diabetes (DM) was induced in rats by alloxan (250 mg/kg, ip). Normal and diabetic rats received 100 mg/kg of YLE for 1 month. ECM was assessed by ELISA. Gelatinases and collagenases were analyzed by a colorimetric assay. Histology was performed on sections of liver and kidney. In the liver, diabetes increases collagen, laminin, and fibronectin contents, respectively, by 49% (p < .01), 56% (p < .01), and 67% (p < .05) compared to control rats. In the kidney, total collagen and laminin contents were increased by 91% (p < .01) and 35% (p < .01) in the DM group, while fibronectin content in diabetic animals and those treated with YLE remains similar to the control group. Collagenases and gelatinases activities were significantly increased by diabetes in liver and kidney. While YLE treatment abrogates diabetes‐enhanced MMPs activities in liver. In diabetic rats, the liver shows signs of diffuse dilatation of the sinusoid veins and steatosis. However, the liver of diabetic rats treated with yellow lupine extract showed a normal histological aspect similar to controls. Diabetes causes hepatic and renal ECM turnover. YLE can be useful to partially improve tissue disorders induced by diabetes.
Mid‐ to Late Holocene landscape dynamics and rural settlement in the uplands of northern Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Kothieringer Katja , Seregély Timo , Jansen Doris , Steup Raphael , Schäfer Andreas , Lambers Karsten , Fuchs Markus
Published: December 2022

We present results from a systematic interdisciplinary study on (pre‐)historic rural settlement and landscape development in an upland region of northern Bavaria, Germany. The archaeological and geoarchaeological investigations—supported by radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence dating, and palaeoecological analysis—were performed to (i) identify so far unknown prehistoric rural settlement sites, (ii) determine site‐specific soil erosion from colluvial deposits, and (iii) assess the composition of woodland from on‐ and offsite charcoal finds. The earliest indicators of human activities from the Younger Neolithic (late 5th to early 4th millennium B.C.E.) come from colluvial deposits. Our investigations, for the first time, show Middle to Late Bronze Age (ca. 1400–800 B.C.E.), permanent rural settlement in a German central upland region, with a peak in the Late Bronze Age. Due to the varying thicknesses of Bronze Age colluvial deposits, we assume land use practices to have triggered soil erosion. From the spectrum of wood species, Maloideae, ash, and birch are regarded as successional indicators after fire clearance in that period. Settlement continued until the 5th century B.C.E. After a hiatus of 500 years, it re‐flourished in the Late Roman and Migration periods (mid‐3rd–5th century C.E.) and went on in the Medieval period.
Solid‐State Confinement Effects in Selective exo‐H/D Exchange in the Rhodium σ‐Norbornane Complex [(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)Rh(η2:η2‐C7H12)][BArF4]
Authors: Krämer Tobias , Chadwick F. Mark , Macgregor Stuart A. , Weller Andrew S.
Published: December 2022

Density functional theory calculations modelling selective exo‐H/D exchange observed in the Rh σ‐alkane complex [(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)Rh(η2:η2‐endo‐NBA)][BArF4], [1‐NBA][BArF4], are reported, where ArF=3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2 and NBA=norbornane, C7H12. Two models were considered 1) an isolated molecular cation, [1‐NBA]+ and 2) a full model in which [1‐NBA][BArF4] is treated in the solid state through periodic DFT. After an initial endo‐exo rearrangement, both models predict H/D exchange to proceed through D2 addition and oxidative cleavage followed by a rate‐limiting C−H activation of the norbornane through a σ‐CAM step to form a [1‐Rh(D)(η2‐HD)(norbornyl)]+ intermediate. HD rotation followed by a σ‐CAM C−D bond formation, HD reductive coupling and HD loss then complete the H/D exchange process. exo‐H/D exchange is facilitated by a supporting agostic interaction and is consistently more accessible kinetically than the potentially competing endo‐H/D exchange (isolated cation: ΔG≠exo=+15.9 kcal/mol, ΔG≠endo=+18.4 kcal/mol; solid state: ΔG≠exo=+22.1 kcal/mol, ΔG≠endo=+25.1 kcal/mol). The solid‐state environment has a significant impact on the computed energetics, with barriers increasing by ca. 7 kcal/mol, while only the solid‐state model correctly predicts the endo‐bound NBA complex to be the resting state of the system. These outcomes reflect solid‐state confinement effects within the pocket occupied by the [1‐NBA]+ cation and defined by the pseudo‐octahedral array of neighbouring [BArF4]− anions. The asymmetry of the solid‐state environment also requires a second H/D exchange pathway to be defined to account for reaction at all four exo‐C−H bonds. These entail slightly higher barriers (ΔG≠exo=

+24.8 kcal/mol, ΔG≠endo=+27.5 kcal/mol) but retain a distinct preference for exo‐ over endo‐H/D exchange.
Treatment progress of cryptozoospermia with Western Medicine and traditional Chinese medicine: A literature review
Authors: Liu Huang , Luo Zefang , Chen Jinghua , Zheng Houbin , Zeng Qingqi
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Cryptozoospermia is an extreme oligozoospermia with an unsatisfactory treatment effect, with an incidence rate of approximately 8.73% in male infertility, whose effective solution has become the call of the times. Western Medicine has achieved certain effects through drugs, surgery, and assisted reproductive therapy, but this is still not ideal. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made many achievements in other disciplines; however, there is still a lack of evidence‐based medical evidence to improve sperm production.

Methods

The relevant literatures from the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and PubMed in the past 10 years were collected in this article, of which the mechanisms, advantages, or current controversies of various treatment methods of Western Medicine and TCM were analyzed, to find new treatment methods and research directions.

Results

With the development of modern science and technology, medical treatments for cryptozoospermia have become increasingly abundant; however, there is still no universally recognized unified and effective guiding plan. Although TCM has not been fully verified by evidence‐based medicine, most TCM combined with Western Medicine can achieve unexpected results.

Conclusion

The combination of TCM and Western Medicine may become a bane for cryptozoospermia and bring good news to infertile men worldwide.
Experimental investigation of solar‐powered food steamer based on parabolic dish concentrator for domestic applications
Authors: Kumar Vikrant , M. Chandrashekara , Yadav Avadhesh
Published: December 2022

Steam cooking is beneficial over other cooking techniques like boiling since it preserves more vitamins lost during other methods. In this study, a novel solar food steamer (SFS) based on a parabolic dish concentrator (PDC) is designed and constructed for domestic food preparation. A straightforward fabrication process of a 2.626 m2 PDC with design calculations is also presented. The system's instantaneous energy and exergy efficiency evaluation has been examined from different tests over three consecutive days. The system's high energetic and exergetic efficiency was achieved in the case of sweet potato, that is, 72.83% and 15.14%, respectively. In the case of dried chickpeas, the maximum steaming duration of 70 min was attained, along with an energy efficiency of 47.74% and an exergy efficiency of 10.07%. In addition, an economic analysis was performed to determine the payback time in terms of cost and utility. The payback time for the proposed method is 2.4 years. The SFS may save 43 kg/month of carbon dioxide from escaping into the atmosphere; it can be considered an environmentally valuable device.
Corporate governance and financial distress: A review of the theoretical and empirical literature
Authors: Yousaf Umair Bin , Jebran Khalil , Ullah Irfan
Published: December 2022

This study comprehensively reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between corporate governance and financial distress and provides future research directions. We follow several different approaches by identifying, reviewing, and classifying related articles during the period 1985 to 2021. We used a set of keywords that included a combination of different terms of corporate governance and financial distress. Our review indicates that the majority of the studies based their arguments considering a single theory. The generalizability of different results in less explored countries is a serious concern and the one‐size‐fits‐all approach does not apply to the corporate governance‐financial distress relationship. Several different theories and confounding factors need consideration when examining the relationship between corporate governance and financial distress. Our review highlights future avenues by suggesting that studies should consider different governance attributes and test those factors in different and diverse contexts. Our review of the literature provides implications for academics and practitioners.
Circularly polarized luminescence of lanthanide complexes: From isolated individuals, discrete oligomers, to hierarchical assemblies
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Wu Zhennan , Zhang Yu , Dong Bin , Bai Xue
Published: December 2022

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is the emission featured spatial orientation equivalent to circular dichroism. Owning to the unique magnetic dipole‐allowed but electric‐dipole‐forbidden 4f→ 4ftransitions, chiral lanthanide complexes have been recognized as ideal candidates to achieve unprecedented luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum). Their inherent electric‐dipole‐forbidden transition can be partly allowed, through the rational design of coordination ligands to lower the surrounding symmetry, further endowing them with relatively high quantum yields (QYs). Moreover, the blossom of supramolecular chemistry in lanthanide complexes allows for the construction of discrete oligomers and hierarchical assemblies, rendering them with enhanced chiroptical activities. Here, we deploy this review by summarizing recent advances in the chiroptical properties of lanthanide complexes, spanning multiple scales from isolated mononuclear individuals, discrete polynuclear oligomers, to infinite hierarchical assemblies. We first introduce the basic concept and several important parameters for the assessment of CPL activity. Then, isolated mononuclear lanthanide complexes coordinated with different types of antennas, along with the unique chirality transfer and induction in achiral lanthanide complexes were discussed. Next, the systematical discussion on chiroptical properties in discrete polynuclear lanthanide oligomers and infinite hierarchical lanthanide assemblies was presented. Meanwhile, the state‐of‐the‐art applications of CPL‐active lanthanide complexes were revisited. We end up this review with the conclusion and prospects, involving the rational design of ligands, directed and hierarchically precise self‐assembly, and extending applications of chiral lanthanide complexes.

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Geographical variations in outreach of information and communication technology and rural development in West Bengal, India
Authors: Satpati Sandip , Sharma Kaushal Kumar
Published: December 2022

The article investigates the Geographical variations in the outreach of information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion and its effects on rural development across 341 Community Development (CD) blocks of West Bengal. The study is based on secondary data. Secondary data has been collected from Districts Statistical Handbook, Primary Census Abstract, District Census Handbook, and Socio‐Economic and Caste Census. The principal component analysis technique has been used for ICT diffusion index calculation. ArcMap 10.1 has been used for Mapmaking to understand the spatial intensity of the ICT index. The study finds that West Bengal falls within the least zone (0.07–0.18) of ICT diffusion in India due to multi‐dimensional socio‐economic factors. Only 35 CD blocks out of 341 are located in the high ICT diffusion zone (0.49–0.79) in West Bengal, which is 6.87 percent area to the total area. The study concluded that the higher the ICT diffusion higher is the rural development in West Bengal. The study recommends that the government invest more money in ICT in rural development.
LIPG is a novel prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Zhaoxin , Lv Hongwei , wang Cong , Wei Huamin , Yu Jing
Published: December 2022

Background

Although many biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have been identified, their specificity and sensitivity remain unsatisfactory. Endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) plays an important role in a variety of cancers, but its role in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear.

Methods

TCGA, GEO, K‐M plotter, CIBERSORT, GSEA, HPA, and GDSC were used to analyze LIPG in LUAD. Data analysis was mainly achieved by R 4.0.3.

Results

The expression of LIPG in LUAD tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues, especially in women, patients aged >65 years, and those with lymph node metastasis. High expression predicted a poor prognosis. The results of enrichment analysis suggest that LIPG may exert profound effects on the development of LUAD through multiple stages of lipid metabolism and immune system regulation. In addition, LIPG expression was significantly correlated with the expression levels of multiple immune checkpoint genes and the abundance of multiple immune infiltrates, including the activated memory CD4 T cell, M1 macrophage, neutrophil, plasma cells, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the LUAD microenvironment content. At the same time, patients with high LIPG expression respond well to a variety of antitumor drugs and have a low rate of drug resistance.

Conclusions

LIPG is a prognostic marker and is associated with lipid metabolism and immune infiltration in LUAD.
Emotional wellbeing and coping among Latinx young adults in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Wagner Kevin M. , Chatham Ana A. , Prado Kimberly , Walsdorf Ashley A. , Villatoro Alice P. , Garcia Deliana , de Snyder Nelly Salgado , Valdez Carmen R.
Published: December 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted the wellbeing of the general US population, but even more so among Latinx young adults. The current study provides a detailed picture of the emotional wellbeing and coping of Latinx young adults during the first summer of the pandemic. Six virtual focus groups (n = 21) were conducted between May and August of 2020 with a community‐based sample of Latinx young adults to explore (1) how the pandemic affected wellbeing and (2) how they coped with pandemic‐related stress. Contextualistic thematic analysis identified important themes and subthemes. Perceived stressors impacting emotional wellbeing yielded one overarching theme: COVID‐related disruptions in the participants' environment. To manage this heightened stress, another overarching theme was self‐care and intentionality during the pandemic. Future studies should examine the wellbeing of young adults across social contexts and at more recent stages of the pandemic. Findings from this study suggest culturally‐ and developmentally‐tailored interventions are needed as this population navigates contextual stress during a sensitive period in their life.
Infectivity of pseudotyped SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern in different human cell types and inhibitory effects of recombinant spike protein and entry‐related cellular factors
Authors: Zhang George Fei , Meng Wen , Chen Luping , Ding Ling , Sun Shenyu , Wang Xian , Huang Yufei , Guo Haitao , Gao Shou‐Jiang
Published: December 2022

Since the report of the first COVID‐19 case in 2019, SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs) have continued to emerge, manifesting diverse infectivity, evasion of host immunity and pathology. While ACE2 is the predominant receptor of SARS‐CoV‐2, TMPRSS2, Kim‐1, NRP‐1, CD147, furin, CD209L, and CD26 have also been implicated as viral entry‐related cofactors. To understand the variations in infectivity and pathogenesis of VOCs, we conducted infection analysis in human cells from different organ systems using pseudoviruses of VOCs including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Recombinant spike S1, RBD, ACE2, Kim‐1, and NRP‐1 proteins were tested for their ability to block infection to dissect their roles in SARS‐CoV‐2 entry into cells. Compared with wild type SARS‐CoV‐2 (WT), numerous VOCs had significant increases of infectivity across a wide spectrum of cell types. Recombinant ACE2 protein more effectively inhibited the infection of VOCs including Delta and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) than that of WT. Interestingly, recombinant S1, RBD, Kim‐1, and NRP‐1 proteins inhibited the infection of all pseudoviruses in a manner dependent on the levels of ACE2 expression in different cell types. These results provide insights into the diverse infectivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs, which might be helpful for managing the emergence of new VOCs.
Event‐based precipitation characteristics related to cloud‐top temperature during pre‐summer rainy season over south China
Authors: Zhang Aoqi , Chen Yilun , Li Weibiao , Chen Shumin
Published: December 2022

Precipitation exists in the form of event, which means all pixels within the same event have similar atmospheric condition and development experiences. Therefore, using GPM DPR and Himawari‐8 AHI data from 2016 to 2020, we carried out event‐based investigations on precipitations during the pre‐summer rainy season over south China. The identified rain clusters (RCs) were classified into three classes based on the mode of cloud‐top temperature, including those <230, 230–265, and >265 K. The results show that RCs with mode of cloud‐top temperature <230 K were related to low‐level velocity and jet. The atmospheric layer was very unstable with sufficient moisture supply, so the ratio of convective precipitation reached as high as 20% with largest droplet size. RCs at 230–265 K were mainly frontal stratiform precipitations caused by quasi‐stationary front. The atmospheric layer was stable but the horizontal moisture flux was strong; precipitations often appeared as continuous light rain with high droplet density and small droplet size. RCs with mode of cloud‐top temperature >265 K contributed less than 10% of the accumulated rainfall amount. They were mainly warm‐cloud shallow precipitations triggered by local convection with low droplet density. Our results suggest that the event‐scale characteristics of precipitation are indicative of the triggers and microphysics of precipitation.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories in a 16‐month COVID‐19 pandemic period
Authors: López‐Castro Teresa , Papini Santiago , Bauer Alexandria , Swarbrick Margaret , Paul Lynn K. , Nizzi Marie‐Christine , Stanley Damian , Team COVID‐Dynamic , Hien Denise
Published: December 2022

COVID‐19 pandemic presents an unheralded opportunity to better understand trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across a prolonged period of social disruption and stress. We tracked PTSD symptoms among trauma‐exposed individuals in the United States and sought to identify population‐based variability in PTSD symptom trajectories and understand what, if any, early pandemic experiences predicted membership in one trajectory versus others. As part of a longitudinal study of U.S. residents during the pandemic, participants who reported at least one potentially traumatic experience in their lifetime (N = 1,206) at Wave 1 (April 2020) were included in the current study. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PCL‐5 at four time points extending to July 2021. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify heterogeneous symptom trajectories. Trajectory membership was regressed on experiences from the early stage of the pandemic as measured using the Epidemic‐Pandemic Impacts Inventory in a model that controlled for variables with documented associations to PTSD trajectories, including age, sex, income, and trauma history. Four trajectories were identified, categorized as resilient (73.0%), recurring (13.3%), recovering (8.3%), and chronic (5.5%). Emotional and physical health problems and positive changes associated with the early phase of the pandemic were each significant predictors of trajectory membership over and above all other variables in the model. Predictors primarily differentiated the resilient trajectory from each of the other three trajectories. Distinct PTSD symptom trajectories during the COVID‐19 pandemic suggest a need for targeted efforts to help individuals at most risk for ongoing distress.
Dynamic rheological properties of sesame protein dispersions
Authors: Rafe Ali , Seddighi Ramesh , Mousavi Maryam , Bastan Ensieh
Published: December 2022

Interest in utilizing new sustainable protein sources is increasing, and understanding the rheological behavior of sesame protein can be useful in further application. Small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements of sesame protein dispersions at varying concentrations of 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% were examined at both linear and nonlinear regions. Although the sesame protein dispersions showed pseudoplastic behavior, the shear‐thickening effect of sesame proteins at higher concentrations makes it possible to apply in beverages without increasing viscosity. The low values of the yield point of the sesame protein explained its feasibility for utilization in varying products such as high‐protein‐enriched beverages without the adverse effect of the high viscosity. The fracture stress and strain indicated the high strength of the sesame protein to the mechanical changes. The mechanical properties of the sesame proteins also confirmed typical strong gel behavior. The complex viscosity (η*) was decreased linearly with frequency demonstrating the shear thinning phenomenon. The frequency dependency of the protein was shown a low n value that explains a relatively elastic gel structure. These rheological characteristics of the sesame proteins might be more reliable than the previous works on the static rheological behavior, which provides a new horizon in the application of a sustainable protein in food industries.
Choice of treatment evaluated after trial periods with bone conduction devices and contralateral routing of sound systems in patients with single‐sided deafness
Authors: Wendrich Anne W. , van Heteren Jan A. A. , Peters Jeroen P. M. , Cattani Guido , Stokroos Robert J. , Versnel Huib , Smit Adriana L.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Patients with single‐sided deafness (SSD) may experience difficulties with speech perception in noise, sound localization, have tinnitus and experience a reduced quality of life (QoL). contralateral routing of sound hearing aids (CROS) or bone conduction devices (BCD) may partly improve subjective speech communication and QoL in SSD patients. A trial period with these devices can help in making a well‐informed choice of treatment. Our aim was to evaluate factors influencing the choice of treatment made after a BCD and CROS trial period in adult SSD patients.

Methods

Patients were randomized in the: “first BCD, then CROS” or “first CROS, then BCD” trial period group. After the BCD on headband and CROS were tested for 6 weeks each, patients choose for BCD, CROS or no treatment. Primary outcome was the distribution of choice of treatment. Secondary outcomes included the association between the choice of treatment and patient characteristics, reasons for treatment acceptance or rejection, device usage during the trial periods, and disease‐specific QoL outcomes.

Results

Of 91 patients randomized, 84 completed both trial periods and made their choice of treatment: 25 (30%) BCD, 34 (40%) CROS, and 25 (30%) no treatment. No characteristics were found to be related to choice of treatment. Top three reasons for acceptance or rejection were: device (dis)comfort, sound quality and (dis)advantage of subjective hearing. Average daily device use during the trial periods was higher for CROS than for BCD. Choice of treatment was significantly related with both duration of device usage and greater improvement of QoL after the corresponding trial period.

Conclusion

The majority of SSD patients preferred BCD or CROS over no treatment. Evaluating device usage, discussing treatment (dis)advantages and disease‐specific QoL outcomes after trial periods are to be considered during patient counseling and could facilitate whether to choose one of these treatments.

Level of evidence

1B.
Bound States in the Continuum in Asymmetric Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhou Chaobiao , Huang Lujun , Jin Rong , Xu Lei , Li Guanhai , Rahmani Mohsen , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Miroshnichenko Andrey E.
Published: December 2022

It is well established that for symmetry‐protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), introducing the broken geometry symmetry in a dielectric metasurface transforms such a BIC into a quasi‐BIC (QBIC) with high‐quality factor (Q‐factor). Typically, the smaller the asymmetry parameter, the larger the Q‐factor. However, it is very challenging to fabricate such nanostructures with an ultra‐small asymmetry parameter, thus limiting the measured Q‐factor of QBIC. In this work, the authors demonstrated that BICs can be sustained at Γ‐point in an asymmetric dielectric metasurface, whose unit cell is composed of a dielectric cuboid with an off‐centre hole inside it. Multipole decompositions and near‐field distributions indicate that the toroidal dipole dominates the nature of such a QBIC. Furthermore, the authors found that such a BIC is robust against the shape of the hole. Besides, two BICs at different wavelengths can be achieved by applying either a rectangular hole or a rectangular lattice. Finally, the authors presented experimental verifications of BIC types by fabricating asymmetric silicon metasurfaces. Measurement results show that the Q‐factor of QBIC can reach almost 5,000. The results may enrich the library of BICs and find exciting applications in developing high‐performance photonics devices, such as nanolasers, biosensors and enhanced nonlinear harmonic generation.
Gradient H‐Bonding Supports Highly Adaptable and Rapidly Self‐Healing Composite Binders with High Ionic Conductivity for Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Lili , Luo Peng , Bai Haomin , Huang Yiwu , Lai Pengyuan , Yuan Yuan , Wen Jianwu , Xie Changqiong , Li Jing
Published: December 2022

An ideal binder for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) should effectively inhibit volume effects, exhibit specific functional properties (e.g., self‐repair capabilities and high ionic conductivity), and require low‐cost, environmentally friendly mass production processes. This study adopts a synergistic strategy involving gradient (strong‐weak) hydrogen bonding to construct a hard/soft polymer composite binder with self‐healing abilities and high battery cell environments adaptability in LIBs. The meticulously designed 3D network structure comprising continuous electron transport pathways buffers the mechanical stresses caused by changes in silicon volume and improves the overall stability of the solid electrolyte interphase film. The Si‐based anode with a polymer composite binder poly(acrylic acid‐g‐ureido pyrimidinone5%)/polyethylene oxide (Si/PAA‐UPy5%/PEO) achieves a reversible capacity of 1245 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, which is 6.6 times higher than that of the Si/PAA anode. After 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1, a half‐cell comprising Si/C anode with a polymer composite binder (Si/C/PAA‐UPy5%/PEO) has a remaining specific capacity of 420 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 79%. The corresponding full cell with a Li‐based cathode (LiFePO4/Si/C/PAA‐UPy5%/PEO) has an initial area capacity of 0.96 mAh cm−2 and retains an area capacity of 0.90 mAh cm−2 (capacity retention rate = 93%) after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Robust Fluorescent Nanocomposite Gel via Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Nian‐Xiang , Liu Chang , He Zi‐Liang , Li Qing , Chen Su
Published: December 2022

Fluorescent nanocomposite gels have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent optical properties, as well as enhanced mechanical strength originating from the nanoparticles. At present, two‐step methods are usually employed, where fluorescent nanoparticles are firstly prepared, followed by mixing with gel precursor to achieve the final products after gelation, which suffer from the disadvantages of a tedious and time‐consuming process. Thus, the development of a facile strategy is highly desirable, which still remains an obstacle. Herein, a new one‐pot synthesis method towards robust fluorescent nanocomposite gels via frontal polymerization (FP) is proposed, where small molecular precursors (citric acid (CA) and urea, or L‐cysteine) and gel precursor (vinyl monomers) are mixed together as co‐reactants. During the FP process, a lot of heat release gives rise to the generation of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). Thus, companying with the propagating of the polymerization, the production of fluorescent CPDs/gel composite is completed. In addition, as a nanofiller, CPDs dramatically enhance the mechanical property of the CPDs/gel composite. This work proposes a new fast and efficient one‐pot strategy for the production of CPDs/gel composite, which will guide the development of high‐performance polymer nanocomposites through an in situ synchronous reaction fashion.
Urine flow acceleration in healthy children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Martonosi Ágnes Rita , Pázmány Piroska , Kiss Szabolcs , Földi Mária , Zsákai Annamária , Szabó László
Published: December 2022

Aims

To establish normal reference values of urine flow acceleration (Qacc) in healthy children, as there is a lack of nomograms for normative reference values of Qacc by voided volumes in the pediatric population so far. Qacc might be an early indicator of autonomic neuropathy in children and adolescents.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from healthy children who underwent uroflowmetry between 1990 and 1992. Exclusion criteria were voided volume less than 20 ml, and postvoid residual more than 15%. Baseline characteristics and uroflowmetry parameters were collected from girls and boys aged between 6 and 18 years. Voided volume, voiding time, time to maximum flow rate, and maximum and average flow rates of urine were measured, and Qacc was calculated. Postvoid bladder diameter was measured by ultrasonography and converted to volume.

Results

Uroflowmetry parameters of 208 children (≤18 years old, 45.2% girls, mean age 9.68 ± 3.09 years) who performed 404 micturition were analyzed. Median voided volume, voiding time, time to Qmax, Qave, Qmax, Qacc, and postvoid residual volume were 130 [20–460] ml, 10 [3–56] s, 3 [1–14] s, 11.7 [2.5–36.6] ml/s, 20.5 [5–50] ml/s, 6 [0.81–25] ml/s2, and 1.83 [0–38.62] ml, respectively. Qacc nomograms were given in centile forms for girls and boys separately, which show an inversely proportional correlation between voided volumes.

Conclusions

These are the first nomograms for normative reference values of Qacc in the pediatric population (girls and boys separately) by voided volumes in centile forms. These may be useful to interpret abnormal Qacc values and diagnose lower urinary tract diseases over a wide range of voided volumes.
Effect of graphene on tribology, mechanical, and thermal properties of flax/E‐glass/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Shanmugam Srinivasan , Meenakshisundaram Omkumar
Published: December 2022

Polymer nanocomposites have received significant attention in the tribology and mechanical application due to their exceptional wear resistance, which cannot be expected in polymers. This study, involves preparation and fabrication of graphene hybrid (flax/E‐glass/epoxy) fiber‐reinforced polymer (HFRP) composites using compression molding. A study of the effect of graphene on the microhardness and wear behavior of HFRP composites was made using pin‐on‐disk tests at three different loads of 5, 10, and 15 N as per ASTM standards. Compared to HFRP composites, graphene in HFRP composites exhibits a distinguished enhancement in thermal stability, microhardness and tribological performance due to the formation of strong covalent bonds between graphene and epoxy matrix. Surface features were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of graphene (0.0–1.2 wt%) to the matrix, especially 0.6 wt% of graphene in HFRP composites revealed extraordinary tribological properties, with a 35% decrease in the friction coefficient and wear rate under abrasive wear conditions. The result of the graphene in HFRP composites looks promising in wear‐resistant materials and other high‐performance areas in the automobile and aerospace industry.
Quantitative proteomics analysis of chicken embryos reveals key proteins that affect right gonadal degeneration in females
Authors: Qin Haimei , Wang Jingyuan , Jia Xiaoxuan , Zhi Yifei , Sun Lingling , Zhang Jiale , Wang Junli , Lu Yangqing
Published: December 2022

In birds, embryonic gonads of females develop in a way different from mammals, with the left one develops into a functional ovary, while the right one degenerates during embryogenesis. Here, we examined the proteomics profiles of the female and male left and right gonads at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) with the label free tandem mass spectrometry proteomics technique. The relative protein abundance of the left and right gonads of female and male embryos was determined to identify their differential proteins. Overall, a total of 7726 proteins were identified, of which 79 and 54 proteins were significantly different in female and male right gonads compared with female left gonads and male left gonads respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the proteins DMRT1, ZFPM2, TSHZ3 were potentially associated with the degeneration of the right gonads in female embryos. The proteomics in this study provide clues for further elucidation of the pathways of sex determination, sex differentiation, and right gonadal degeneration in birds.
Triplet carbene that is isolated as a solid and bottled for months
Authors: Hirai Katsuyuki , Yamaguchi Ryutaro , Gunshi Daisuke , Jinpo Takashi , Kitagawa Toshikazu , Tomioka Hideo
Published: December 2022

Our efforts to isolate a triplet carbene as a solid so that one can “see” and keep it in a bottle have resulted in the most persistent species, namely, bis[10‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐9‐anthryl]carbene (31). This carbene was generated by photolysis of the corresponding diazo precursor (1‐N2) in toluene matrix at 77 K. The matrix was then warmed to −20°C in vacuo to evaporate the solvent to dryness, affording carbene 31 as a yellow solid. The isolated triplet carbene was shown to survive for several months at room temperature in a degassed and sealed tube.