bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interstellar Plunging Waves: ALMA Resolves the Physical Structure of Nonstationary MHD Shocks
Authors: Cosentino Giuliana , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun , Caselli Paola , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Barnes Ashley T. , Tan Jonathan C. , Viti Serena , Fontani Francesco , Wu Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shocks are violent events that inject large amounts of energy in the interstellar medium dramatically modifying its physical properties and chemical composition. Indirect evidence for the presence of such shocks has been reported from the especial chemistry detected toward a variety of astrophysical shocked environments. However, the internal physical structure of these shocks remains unresolved since their expected spatial scales are too small to be measured with current instrumentation. Here we report the first detection of a fully spatially resolved, MHD shock toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G034.77-00.55. The shock, probed by silicon monoxide (SiO) and observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), is associated with the collision between the dense molecular gas of the cloud and a molecular gas flow pushed toward the IRDC by the nearby supernova remnant (SNR) W44. The interaction is occurring on subparsec spatial scales thanks to the enhanced magnetic field of the SNR, making the dissipation region of the MHD shock large enough to be resolved with ALMA. Our observations suggest that molecular flow–flow collisions can be triggered by stellar feedback, inducing shocked molecular gas densities compatible with those required for massive star formation.
Viewing Angle Constraints on S190425z and S190426c and the Joint Gravitational-wave/Gamma-Ray Detection Fractions for Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Song Hao-Ran , Ai Shun-Ke , Wang Min-Hao , Xing Nan , Gao He , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2019

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo scientific collaboration (LVC) detected two binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidates, S190425z and S190426c. The Fermi-Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) observed 55.6% (for S190425z) and 100% (for S190426c) of the probability regions of both events at the respective merger times, but no gamma-ray burst (GRB) was detected in either case. The derived luminosity upper limits suggest that a short GRB similar to GRB 170817A would not be detectable for both cases due to their distances, which are larger than that of GW170817. Assuming that the jet profile obtained from GW170817/GRB 170817A is quasi-universal for all BNS–GRB associations, we derive that the viewing angles of S190425z and S190426c should be >(0.11–0.41) and >(0.09–0.39), respectively. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show that with the GRB 170817A-like jet structure, all sky gamma-ray detectors, such as GBM and the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor, are expected to detect ∼4.6%, 3.9%, 1.7%, and 6.6%, 5.7%, 2.8% of BNS mergers triggered by advanced LIGO, A+, and the Einstein Telescope, respectively. The joint detection fraction would be largely reduced for Swift-BAT, SVOM-ECLAIRS, and the Einstein Probe, whose sensitivities are better but whose FOVs are smaller.
No Meaningful Drug Interactions with Doravirine, Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Coadministration
Authors: Anderson Matt S , Gilmartin Jocelyn , Fan Li , Yee Ka Lai , Kraft Walter K , Triantafyllou Ilias , Reitmann Christina , Guo Ying , Liu Rachael , Iwamoto Marian
Published: August 2019

Background

Doravirine (DOR) is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor available as a single tablet and a three-drug combination with lamivudine (3TC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to treat HIV-1 infection. These analyses assessed pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions with coadministration.

Methods

Two trials were conducted. Study 1: two-period, fixed-sequence; eight healthy participants; Period 1, DOR 100 mg followed by ≥7-day washout; Period 2, TDF 300 mg once daily for 18 days, coadministration of DOR 100 mg on day 14. Study 2: three-period, crossover, 15 healthy participants; Treatment A, DOR 100 mg; Treatment B, 3TC 300 mg + TDF 300 mg; Treatment C, DOR 100 mg + 3TC 300 mg + TDF 300 mg; ≥7-day washout between periods.

Results

Study 1: geometric mean ratios (GMRs; 90% confidence interval [CI]) of DOR area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞) and observed plasma concentrations at 24 h post-dose (C24 h; DOR+TDF/DOR) were 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) and 0.94 (0.78, 1.12), respectively. Study 2: GMRs (90% CI) of DOR AUC0–∞ and C24 h (DOR+3TC+TDF/DOR) were 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) and 0.94 (0.83, 1.06), respectively. GMRs (90% CI) of 3TC and tenofovir AUC0–∞ (DOR+3TC+TDF/3TC+TDF) were 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) and 1.11 (0.97, 1.28), respectively. Study drugs were generally well tolerated.

Conclusions

Multiple doses of TDF did not have a clinically meaningful effect on DOR PK. The PK of DOR were similar when administered alone or in combination with 3TC and TDF. DOR had no meaningful effect on the PK of 3TC and tenofovir.
People with high HIV viral load within risk networks: who are these people and who refers them best?
Authors: Korobchuk Anna , Davtyan Hayk , Denisiuk Olga , Zachariah Rony , Nikolopoulos Georgios K , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Skaathun Britt , Schneider John , Vasylyeva Tetyana I , Williams Leslie D , Smyrnov Pavlo , Friedman Samuel R
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Viral load is one of the most important determinants for HIV transmission. Identification of people with high viral load (PHVL) can be effective in limiting onward HIV transmission. In order to improve the identification of these individuals within risk networks, we determined a) the number of PHVL recruited through risk networks b) their socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics and c) the characteristics of individuals who referred these PHVL to the study.

Methodology: From November 2013 to March 2016, in Odessa, Ukraine, Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) was implemented to identify people recently infected with HIV within the risk networks of “seeds” and “venues” where they engaged in risk behaviour.

Results: TRIP identified 53 PHVL, of whom 32 (60%) injected drugs; 42 (79%) were unaware of their HIV status; 25 (47%) had more than one sex partner, and only 14 (26%) were using condoms. There were 164 people who referred individuals into the study; 33 of them (20%) referred PHVL. In terms of referrers, those with lower than secondary level of education, not living with a sex partner, and reporting regular condom use were significantly more likely (p < 0.05) to refer PHVL. Most PHVL (38, 72%) and their referrers (27, 82%) were found through venues.

Conclusions: In Odessa city, PHVL are at high risk of transmitting HIV as the majority inject drugs, do not know their HIV status, and have unprotected sex and/or multiple partners. Targeting these individuals for HIV prevention, harm reduction and initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is urgent.
Strategies for active detection of tuberculosis in Ukraine: Comparative effectiveness amongst key populations (2014-2018)
Authors: Kamenska Natalia , Nabirova Dilyara , Davtyan Karapet , Davtyan Hayk , Zachariah Rony , Aslanyan Garry
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Ukraine has gaps in Tuberculosis (TB) service coverage, especially in key populations (KPs). We compared effectiveness of three different strategies for active TB detection among KPs and their linkage to TB treatment during three time periods.

Methodology: The KPs included people who inject drugs (PWID), sex workers (SW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and groups at-risk of TB (ex-prisoners, Roma and homeless). The active case finding included decentralized symptom screening and specimen collection (2014, strategy-1), decentralized screening with patient referred for specimen collection (2015-2017, strategy-2) and strategy-2 plus GeneXpert (2018, strategy-3).

Results: In total 680,760 KPs were screened, of whom 68% were PWID. TB case detection per 100,000 populations was 1,191 in strategy-1, 302 in strategy-2, and 235 in strategy-3. The number needed to screen (NNS) to identify one case was respectively 84, 332, and 425. TB detection was highest among homeless (range: 1,839-2,297 per 100,000 population). The lowest detection was among the MSM and SW. Between 2014 and 2018, 82-94% of all diagnosed TB patients in KPs started TB treatment.

Conclusions: The active case finding in KPs increased detection of TB cases in Ukraine, and the majority of diagnosed KPs initiated TB treatment. Centralization of diagnosis reduced the effectiveness of TB screening. Each region in Ukraine should assess the composition and the needs of KPs which will allow for adoption of specific strategies to detect TB among KPs with high TB prevalence.
L’éducation aux valeurs civiques, comment comparer ? Une réflexion méthodologique à partir du cas franco-allemand
Authors: Proeschel Claude , Szukala Andrea , Hedtke Reinhold
Published: August 2019

À partir du terrain de recherches que constitue la comparaison franco-allemande, cet article mène une réflexion méthodologique sur les conditions de possibilité d’une comparaison dans le domaine de l’éducation civique et morale. Une grande partie des travaux de comparaison se réfère aux modèles nationaux de citoyenneté, d’éducation ou encore de pédagogie. Face aux évolutions concrètes de l’éducation civique, ils révèlent des limites heuristiques dans leur capacité à appréhender et à comparer les phénomènes concrets. L’analyse des possibilités ouvertes par les approches en termes de convention d’éducation civique et morale, dont le point de départ n’est plus l’exposé de différences, mais l’élément commun des situations et pratiques dans les écoles allemandes et françaises, permet alors de proposer des stratégies de recherche comparatiste fondées sur l’approche conventionnaliste.
La Voie Courte, un programme d’intégration des nouveaux arrivés en Suède
Authors: Hultqvist Elisabeth , Lidegran Ida
Published: August 2019

En Suède, plus de 160 000 réfugiés, dont 70 000 enfants, ont franchi les frontières entre septembre 2015 et juillet 2016. Cet afflux exigea des initiatives du secteur public et des engagements bénévoles et volontaires. Il s’agit ici de comprendre les résultats pour des immigrants diplômés –a priori plus faciles à intégrer– du programme La Voie Courte . Initié par l’Agence Nationale de l’Emploi, il a accueilli, de 2015 à 2016, 3105 étudiants. Destiné à améliorer l’intégration sur le marché du travail de diplômés du supérieur, il visait à raccourcir leur chemin vers le travail. Confié à une entreprise de statut privé en collaboration avec l’Université d’Uppsala, il mêlait deux systèmes, études supérieures et marché de l’emploi, sans bénéficier ni de la légitimité ni de la reconnaissance d’aucun d’entre eux. Le risque apparaît grand de contribuer à construire pour ces gens une identité d’immigrant, ni étudiant ni demandeur d’emploi. Les bénéficiaires de La Voie Courte s’insèrent-ils plus facilement et plus rapidement sur le marché du travail ? Seul un suivi longitudinal de plusieurs années pourrait répondre, mais les résultats de l’étude indiquent que, pour ces migrants très qualifiés, manquant du capital linguistique et social nécessaire pour réussir en Suède, il serait préférable d’entreprendre un processus de renforcement de leurs compétences sociales.
« Le monde est comme une salade de fruits. Il serait bête de ne manger que les oranges »
Authors: Damour Franck
Published: August 2019

Quel est l’univers moral de la jeunesse actuelle ? Quelles sont les figures qui font autorité à ses yeux ? Quelle forme prend leur raisonnement éthique ? Quelles valeurs leur paraissent dignes d’intérêt ? Autant de questions que ne peut manquer de se poser tout éducateur, portées par l’idée que nous aurions affaire à une nouvelle génération, née de la mutation numérique, une génération de mutants. Il s’agit ici d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse, en circonscrivant les limites de la nouveauté de cette jeunesse, à partir d’observations de terrain mises en perspective par des approches sociologiques. Il en ressort que le respect est la vertu cardinale pour la jeunesse car il garantit la possibilité de créer un monde moral à une époque où la possibilité d’un bien commun semble impossible.
Combining Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing for Language-Specific, Multi-Lingual, and Cross-Lingual Text Summarization
Authors: Cagliero Luca , Garza Paolo , La Quatra Moreno
Published: August 2019

The recent advances in multimedia and web-based applications have eased the accessibility to large collections of textual documents. To automate the process of document analysis, the research community has put relevant efforts into extracting short summaries of the document content. However, most of the early proposed summarization methods were tailored to English-written textual corpora or to collections of documents all written in the same language. More recently, the joint efforts of the machine learning and the natural language processing communities have produced more portable and flexible solutions, which can be applied to documents written in different languages. This chapter first overviews the most relevant language-specific summarization algorithms. Then, it presents the most recent advances in multi- and cross-lingual text summarization. The chapter classifies the presented methodology, highlights the main pros and cons, and discusses the perspectives of the extension of the current research towards cross-lingual summarization systems.
Named Entity Recognition in Document Summarization
Authors: Sandhya P.  , Kantesaria Mahek Laxmikant
Published: August 2019

Named entity recognition (NER) is a subtask of the information extraction. NER system reads the text and highlights the entities. NER will separate different entities according to the project. NER is the process of two steps. The steps are detection of names and classifications of them. The first step is further divided into the segmentation. The second step will consist to choose an ontology which will organize the things categorically. Document summarization is also called automatic summarization. It is a process in which the text document with the help of software will create a summary by selecting the important points of the original text. In this chapter, the authors explain how document summarization is performed using named entity recognition. They discuss about the different types of summarization techniques. They also discuss about how NER works and its applications. The libraries available for NER-based information extraction are explained. They finally explain how NER is applied into document summarization.
Opinion Mining and Product Review Summarization in E-Commerce
Authors: Jana Enakshi , Uma V.
Published: August 2019

With the immense increase of the number of users of the internet and simultaneously the massive expansion of the e-commerce platform, millions of products are sold online. To improve user experience and satisfaction, online shopping platform enables every user to give their reviews for each and every product that they buy online. Reviews are long and contain only a few sentences which are related to a particular feature of that product. It becomes very difficult for the user to understand other customer views about different features of the product. So, we need accurate opinion-based review summarization which will help both customers and product manufacture to understand and focus on a particular aspect of the product. In this chapter, the authors discuss the abstractive document summarization method to summarize e-commerce product reviews. This chapter has an in-depth explanation about different types of document summarization and how that can be applied to e-commerce product reviews.
Scaling and Semantically-Enriching Language-Agnostic Summarization
Authors: Giannakopoulos George , Kiomourtzis George , Pittaras Nikiforos , Karkaletsis Vangelis
Published: August 2019

This chapter describes the evolution of a real, multi-document, multilingual news summarization methodology and application, named NewSum, the research problems behind it, as well as the steps taken to solve these problems. The system uses the representation of n-gram graphs to perform sentence selection and redundancy removal towards summary generation. In addition, it tackles problems related to topic and subtopic detection (via clustering), demonstrates multi-lingual applicability, and—through recent advances—scalability to big data. Furthermore, recent developments over the algorithm allow it to utilize semantic information to better identify and outline events, so as to offer an overall improvement over the base approach.
The Era of Digital Technology in Teaching and Learning in Nigeria Educational Institutions
Authors: Adeoye Blessing Foluso
Published: August 2019

The influence of digital technology in society has made it critical for all students in the 21st century to become literate with the use of digital tools. One way to understand the evolving role of digital technologies in education in Nigeria is to review the literature and see how the use of digital technologies in the classroom are documented. The development and proliferation of the internet have contributed to a revolution in teaching and learning; it has also provided new opportunities for delivering instruction through various media. Despite all the plentiful opportunities of learning through digital technology and improving access to education in the country at all levels, there are, however, some setbacks. In this chapter, some success stories were presented with some benefits and setbacks. Even though many educational institutions from elementary levels to universities levels are using digital devices and applications for teaching and learning purposes, the tools may fail in many places due to the domination of traditional pedagogical approaches and methods.
Institutional Transformation and Stakeholders Engagement for Quality Management Model in African Higher Education
Authors: Afolabi Olugbemiga Samuel , Omal Felix
Published: August 2019

The introduction of cooperative governance in the post-1994 South African higher education system brought complex stakeholder dynamics in the leadership and governance of university governing councils. A major concern of these changes was to institutionalize quality management systems. However, these changes brought its own complexities. Key features of this complexity revolved around cooperation and information sharing in the university governance in spite of ideological differences. Using the concept of culture developed from a multi-theoretical approach and data collected from institutional documents available in the public domain, interviews with members of the university council, and surveys of university staff, the chapter examines the extent of the relationship between public tolerance and different stakeholders involved in the university governance. This is with a view to recommend the need for effective governance and quality management system based on the professionalization of governance practices and institutionalized quality management processes.
Higher Education's Institutions Response to Statutory TQM Case Study
Authors: Munyanyiwa Takaruza , Nyaruwata Shepherd
Published: August 2019

Quality is at the top of most agendas and improving quality is the most important task facing any higher education institution. High-quality education has become a key ingredient for socio-economic development. Many governments are putting more importance on the delivery of a quality education at institutions of higher learning. Enactment of pro higher education TQM legislation is now at the center of education delivery systems. In a highly competitive education sector, the success of academic institutions depends on the quality of education. This chapter presents a review of the responses of Higher Education Institutions in Zimbabwe to the introduction of statutory total quality management in education. Data and information for this study are collected through extensive literature and document review, interviewing experts, and personal experience. The feedback and insights and reviews are supported by TQM theory.
Faculty Perspective Regarding Challenges in Implementing Quality Assurance in Zimbabwean Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Dumbu Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

The study focuses on challenges in implementing quality assurance in HEI in Zimbabwe. Quality assurance has been regarded as the linchpin in HEI delivery. Intensive competition from both local and international boundaries are threatening the survival of HEI if they are not taking cognizance of the importance of quality assurance. The world is becoming increasingly global, hence stakeholders' preferences and tastes are also changing, demanding more and more quality education. The demand for quality assurance is increasing with the dispensation of higher education in the world. The study was premised in the qualitative research paradigm where narrative research design was adopted. Results indicated that numerous challenges surround the implementation of quality assurance in HEI. Therefore, the study recommended a raft of measures to curb those challenges.
A Conceptual Framework of Value Sharing in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Jahromi Melissa Farboudi , Zhang Tingting
Published: August 2019

The sharing economy is a fast-growing phenomenon that has significantly disrupted traditional businesses. In order to identify the success factor of this new business model, this chapter discusses the unique features of sharing economy practices considering the concept of value sharing. First, the theoretical foundation of value sharing is explained using the value co-creation literature, which is derived from the service logics. Next, four types of values, namely economic, social, functional, and hedonic, are discussed in sharing economy practices. Finally, a conceptual framework of value sharing that depicts the benefits and costs of participation in the sharing economy is provided. Based on this framework, sharing each aforementioned value has its own benefits, which acts as an incentive for both resource suppliers and consumers in the sharing economy. However, the sharing process has its own costs that may be considered as a deterrent for sharing economy participants.
Determining Factors of User Satisfaction for Bicycle-Sharing Systems
Authors: Molinillo Sebastian , Liébana-Cabanillas Francisco J. , Ruiz-Montañez Miguel , González-Sánchez Guadalupe
Published: August 2019

With the development of new shared transportation services, changes are occurring in the habitual consumption of these kinds of services, and it is expected that this trend will continue in the coming years. Given the rise of public bicycle-sharing systems (PBSS) and the increase in their use as a new mode of transportation in many cities, it is considered necessary to analyze and understand the main aspects that determine satisfaction with PBSS. This chapter proposes 10 aspects related to PBSS, grouped according to service infrastructure and other factors that are typical of this service. The results show that all the variables maintain a significant relationship with the established levels of satisfaction. In addition, it has been demonstrated that concessionaires and town halls must take special interest in the quality of the city's bicycles, bike lanes, and network of stations.
Collaborative Finance and Its Hurdles to Overcome
Authors: Ruiz-Dotras Elisabet , Mitręga-Niestrój Krystyna
Published: August 2019

Using survey data from an online Spanish university, real and perceived financial literacy levels, social interactions and personal trust with the social network are measured as key elements for collaborative finance development. This is the first study regarding the factors that may affect the use of collaborative finance. Results show levels of financial literacy are quiet low as in prior studies and individuals consider that the bank manager, friends, and parents can manage financial issues better than them, with the last two peers being those who most trust to discuss financial issues. The findings also provide information about how little individuals trust online networks when it comes to financial matters. Besides, respondents interact moderately with their social network missing the benefits of peer-to-peer learning. Overall, lack of financial literacy, low social interaction, and personal trust may be affecting the short use of collaborative financial services.
Creating a Computer Simulation with Ill-Structured Problems for Physical Therapists in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Just Benjamin , Seo Kay K.
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to identify the types of ill-structured problems physical therapists face in the acute care setting for a computer simulation to train students in a professional physical therapist education program. Ten physical therapists who practiced in the acute care setting in four large urban Midwestern hospitals participated in semi-structured interviews. Results show that acute care physical therapists experience complex, ill-structured problems that encompass all direct and indirect patient care activities and are complicated by system factors outside of their control. Solving the problems described by the participants requires clear and accurate communication and an awareness of the role of physical therapy in the acute care setting. The use of these authentic challenges for a computer simulation can allow students in a professional physical therapist education program to develop better problem-solving skills.
Designing a Minecraft Simulation Game for Learning a Language Through Knowledge Co-Construction
Authors: Baek Joeun , Park Hyekyeong , Min Ellen
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to design a Minecraft simulation game where players can learn a language by communicating and negotiating meaning with other players. To achieve this, Gagné's events of instruction and Schmitt's strategic experience modules were adopted as a theoretical lens for simulation building. After the simulation game was designed, it was implemented to test its feasibility. The result shows that the simulation game has both the intended features of knowledge co-construction and the negotiation of meaning, as well as enjoyment of the game. The test result, however, also suggests that the simulation game needs more conditionals and loops in order for players to repeat their simulation game at any place and time.
Using a 3D Simulation for Teaching Functional Skills to Students with Learning, Attentional, Behavioral, and Emotional Disabilities
Authors: Chronopoulou Maria-Ioanna , Fokides Emmanuel
Published: August 2019

The study presents results from the use of a 3D simulation for teaching functional skills to students with learning, attentional, behavioral, and emotional disabilities, attending regular schools. An A-B single-subject study design was applied. The participating students (eight eight-to-nine years old) explored the simulation (a virtual school), encountered situations in which they observed how they are expected to behave, and had to demonstrate what they have learned. Each student attended a total of four two-hour sessions. Data were collected by means of observations and semi-structured interviews. All students demonstrated improved functional skills both in terms of the number of behaviors they acquired and in terms of those that were retained and manifested in the real school environment. On the basis of the results, it can be argued that 3D simulations are a promising tool for teaching functional skills to students with disabilities.
Predicting the Academic Performance of Students Using Utility-Based Data Mining
Authors: Liyanage Sidath R. , Kasthuriarachchi K. T. Sanvitha
Published: August 2019

Data mining in education has become an important topic in the sphere of influence of data mining. Mining educational data encompasses developing models, plotting data, and utilizing machine learning algorithms to derive patterns on educational data by attempting to uncover hidden patterns, create information for hidden relationships using educational statistics, and perform many more operations that are unfeasible using traditional computational tools. This research aims to identify the main factors that influence the academic performance of learners in tertiary education system in Sri Lanka. A conceptual framework and an analytical framework on factors affecting the academic performance was constructed with this aim. The analytical framework was then validated with the data collected from technology learners in a tertiary educational institute.
Data Mining in Global Higher Education
Authors: Mense Evan G. , Lemoine Pamela A. , Richardson Michael D.
Published: August 2019

Historically, educators in higher education have searched for reliable means and methods to increase student learning. Many techniques and strategies have been used and even some have taken the form of laws to incorporate certain approaches to learning. However, there has not been one method proved effective in all situations for all students. One of the biggest challenges that global educational institutions face is the explosive growth of educational data and how to use this data to improve the quality of instructional and managerial decisions. Global higher education leaders embraced data-driven practices as an opportunity to improve efficiency, objectivity, transparency, and innovation. As a result, global higher education institutions are producing a large amount of student related data every year. Technology has given educators in higher education access to methods for assessing learning and engagement. Educational data mining is a relatively new process in global higher education that provides a tool to analyze this data and extract valuable information.
Knowledge-Sharing Behavior for the Growth and Development of Library and Information Science Professionals
Authors: Islam Md. Maidul , Afroze Sadia
Published: August 2019

The main goal of this chapter is to assess knowledge sharing (KS) behavior among Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals and to assess how KS behavior contributes to professional growth and development in Bangladesh. Defining factors may encourage knowledge sharing behavior and can establish an important area of further LIS research. A modified survey questionnaire is developed and used to collect data on professionals' demographic and academic information, perception, attitude, intention, and intrinsic motivation to share knowledge. The authors found a significant relationship between the attitude of professionals toward KS and their intention to share knowledge. It is believed that the findings will help knowledge managers charged with the design of flexible KS system. This is the first time an effort will be made to assess professionals' perception on KS behavior in Bangladesh. The authors feel that this study may encourage the establishment of KS behavior in Bangladesh and beyond.
Media, Libraries, and Archives
Authors: Chisita Collence Takaingenhamo , Shoko Munyaradzi , Rusero Alexander Madanha , Ngoaketse Joseph
Published: August 2019

This chapter seeks to explore how the dawn of the 21st century and how the proliferation of information communication technologies (ICTs) has necessitated a fundamental rethinking on the interface existing between the media, libraries, and archives. There has been a gradual but rapid paradigm shift, following the information revolution made possible by the digital revolution, which have brought unparalleled radical transformation to the operations, procedures, products, and services of the information profession. Given the timeliness of media work and intense competition to break the most recent information to the world at real time, media personnel ought to add flavor to their work through retrieval of stored but relevant information found in libraries and archives. This chapter seeks to place on record the relationship, which exists among the “holy trinity.” The chapter also intends to recommend solutions to enhance the relationship between the holy trinity.
Handling Private Label Customer Complaints to Improve Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Okan Elif Yolbulan , Salman Gulberk Gultekin
Published: August 2019

There have been disruptive changes in retail industry due to changing consumer expectations and hyper competition. The aim of the current study is to provide an initial attempt at addressing a less researched area: customer dissatisfaction with private label brands. Since retailers are in search of finding new sources of competitive advantage—besides cost advantage—customer intimacy, complaint management, and creating secondary customer satisfaction for private label loyalty is an essential strategy in today's retailing industry. This study covers a review on private label branding and customer complaint management literature. In order to provide support for the existing literature, in depth interview with managers of two leading retailers is included in the study. The findings reveal the need and importance of focusing on antecedents of customer complaints and developing recovery strategies for gaining secondary satisfaction.
Comparative Study of Jute, Okra and Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composite
Authors: Keya Kamrun N. , Kona Nasrin A. , Khan Ruhul A.
Published: August 2019

In this experimental studies, three types of fabric such as Jute, Okra and Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) were selected and matrix material such as polypropylene (PP) was selected to manufacture composites. Jute/PP, Okra/PP, and PALF/PP based composites were prepared successfully by a conventional compression molding technique. The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), elongation at break (Eb%) and interfacial properties of the composites. Jute fiber (hessian cloth)-reinforced polypropylene matrix composites (45wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding. TS, TM, BS, BM, and IS of the composites were found to be 45 MPa, 2.2 GPa, 54 MPa, 4.1 GPa, and 16 kJ/m2, respectively. Then Okra and PALF fiber reinforced polypropylene-based composites (45 wt% fiber) were fabricated and the mechanical properties were compared with those of the jute-based composites. The result revealed that mechanical properties of PALF composite higher than jute and Okra fiber reinforced composites. Water absorption and elongation percentage at break showed different scenario and it was noticed from the experimental study that water absorption and elongation at break (%) of jute fabric was higher than other composites. Fracture sides of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results revealed poor fiber-matrix adhesion for jute fiber-based composites compared to that of the other fiber-based composites (OF/PP and PALF/PP). KEY WORDS: Polypropylene, Jute Fiber, Okra Fiber, Pineapple Fiber, Mechanical Properties, Interfacial Properties, Composites. *Corresponding Address: dr.ruhul_khan@yahoo.com
Performance of Rice Husk Ash - Calcium Carbide Waste in Concrete
Authors: Tuleun Lawrence Zahemen , Alao Jimoh , John Wasiu
Published: August 2019

This paper examines and present the findings of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing rice husk ash (RHA), and the blend of rice husk ash with calcium carbide waste (RHA-CCW). Concrete cubes, cylindrical and beam specimens containing different percentages of RHA and RHA-CCW by weight of cement (5, 10, 15 and 20 %) were cast. Compressive strength test was carried out after the specimens were cured in water for 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Test for tensile and flexural strength was carried out after 28 days curing. Initial and final setting time test was carried out on mortar specimens with the same percentage of RHA and RHA-CCW. Bogues model was used to determine the elemental and compound composition of cement when blended with the RHA and RHA-CCW. From the results obtained, the compressive strength of RHA-CCW concrete increases as cement is partially replaced with RHA-CCW content, with the maximum strength attained at 5 % replacement. RHA concrete attains it maximum strength at 10 % replacement. The maximum compressive strength results obtained for both RHA and RHA-CCW concrete were higher than the strength of plain concrete (0 % replacement) by 1.1 % and 14.7 % respectively. Interestingly, results obtained for the tensile strength also shows a similar pattern of strength development with that of compressive strength. The flexural strength properties of concrete was improved upon when RHA-CCW was used in concrete compared to RHA. The results of setting time test for RHA mortar showed a decrease in setting time, while the reverse was the case for RHA-CCW mortar. In conclusion, provided adequate curing is maintained, the used of RHA-CCW gives a better performance in concrete than RHA. However, they both perform better in concrete than the plain, and can be used as additives in concrete production.
Behavior and oviposition preferences of a black-veined white, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Jugovic J. , Kržič A.
Published: August 2019

We studied the behavior and oviposition preferences in Aporia crataegi. The study was conducted in a network of dry karst meadows with hedgerows consisted mainly of host plants (Crataegus monogyna; Prunus spinosa, Prunus mahaleb, Rosa sp.) between them. We recorded 15 different behaviours that we divided into six categories: (1) behaviours connected to flight (9 different behaviors), resting (2 behaviors); and (3) feeding, (4) courtship, (5) copula and (6) oviposition with one behaviour each. Males proved to spend most of their time on wings patrolling, while females were more sedentary, but still actively flying and searching for nectar sources and oviposition sites. Differences in behaviour between the sexes were less prominent during the morning but increased during the midday and afternoon, as the males became more active but females were resting and feeding more, probably after searching for host plants and egg-laying earlier in the day. Most commonly, C. monogyna was chosen for oviposition by females, but we found a single oviposition site on P. mahaleb as well. Females lay their eggs in clusters of an average size (AVG±SD/SE) of 34.4±12.8/2.05 eggs, and from a single to up to seven oviposition sites were recorded per host plant. Since the number of eggs in each recorded plant with four or more oviposition sites exceeded an upper limit of eggs laid by a single female reported in literature, females either can lay more eggs or more than one female chose the same host plant. Occupied host plants had similar characteristics as the ones occupied with larvae; females preferably choose smaller shrubs, exposed to the sun with a high percentage (>50%) of a leaf litter coverage underneath them.
Environmental analysis and the planning process in a South African context
Authors: Miller P. A. , Binedell N.
Published: August 2019

The authors of this paper examine the extent of the application of environmental analysis during the planning process in South African businesses. Overseas, and in the United States in particular, sophisticated techniques for analysing the environment are being developed, and these would appear to have a ready market in the South African environment. Should South African business face relatively turbulent times in the near future, there will be a need for companies to develop effective means of analysing changing trends, and of integrating their findings into the strategic planning process. Two separate research surveys were conducted, one of 150 listed companies and a second of 15 major South African companies. While most journals and texts would see the environmental analysis as an integral part of the planning process, the majority of companies did not agree with this view.
Fraudulent consumers: The attitudes of young people to consumer-initiated fraud against business
Authors: Pitt Leyland
Published: August 2019

One of the most perturbing facts about deviant consumer behaviour is that the vast majority of fraudulent acts are committed by young people. Researchers are of the opinion that deviant consumer behaviour is essentially a question of attitudes. The study described in this article parallels one conducted by Wilkes in the USA, differing in that the research was carried out on young respondents. The objectives were to determine: attitudes towards fraudulent consumer activities; whether differences exist between the attitudes of male and female respondents; whether the results would differ significantly from the Wilkes study; and attitudes towards a further five situations not used in the Wilkes study. The results obtained amplify Wilkes' findings in every way. The article concludes that business should take a close look at its own approach to security, and that fraudulent consumer behaviour is the result of attitudes such as 'they can afford it' and 'it's not really stealing'.
Die allokasie van die vraag na elektrisiteit met behulp van gemengde heeltallige programmering
Authors: Anderson C. A. , Klerck W. G.
Published: August 2019

The allocation of the demand for electricity using mixed integer programmingIn this paper the authors have investigated the use of mixed integer programming to solve an allocation problem that exists in the Electricity Department of the Pretoria Municipality. In the Pretoria supply area the demand for electricity is provided for by using the municipal power stations Rooiwal and Pretoria West and by obtaining power from Escom. Every year the Electricity Department must decide how the monthly demand (12 months ahead) for electricity must be allocated between their own power stations and the supply from Escom.The allocation must be done in such a way that certain requirements are met. These requirements refer to the demand for electricity, the availability of the municipality's own generators, the capacity of the two power stations and a so called supply requirement laid down by Escom. A mixed integer programming model was developed in which these requirements were catered for and in which the running costs were minimized. Results obtained thus far from the model indicate that it can provide the Electricity Department with a useful tool in solving a complicated allocation problem.
Black managers in a white world: Strategy formulation
Authors: Human Linda , Hofmeyr Karl
Published: August 2019

This article takes a look not only at the strategies which could be employed towards the solution of the problems faced by both the black manager and his employing organization, but also at the possibility of providing a tentative formula for decisions relating to the amount of time, money and effort which should be expended on efforts to ameliorate problems of this kind. It is argued that attempts to successfully introduce black managers into an erstwhile 'white' world will require a combined socio-economic method of decision-making. In other words, it would appear that, in the majority of organizations which are attempting to integrate black managers into their managerial structures, it is necessary to devote resources to the partial resolution of conflict whilst at the same time not detracting from goal achievement aims. It is further argued that short-run resource allocation with regard to social versus economic ends should be based on a comparison of the relative equilibrium or growth conditions in the economic and social systems within the organization. In the long-run, a second principle - which involves working towards a reduction of the conflict between efficiency and psychological well-being and which generally involves the adaptation of the social system to the requirements of efficiency - has also to be introduced. With respect to the black manager in a white world, a number of strategies relating to manpower planning. the identification of management potential and training needs, the job itself, education and training, the organization and the total environment are put forward. All of these strategies could assist in alleviating the strains and pressures faced by both the black manager and the employing organization whilst at the same time leading in the direction of greater efficiency and possibly increased profitability.
A viability criterion for computer system development projects
Authors: Mende J.
Published: August 2019

A manager facing the decision whether to proceed with a proposed computer system development project needs to determine whether its benefits are worth more than its costs. This can be done by applying a simple mathematical formula to calculate the project's 'net worth', as the sum of the annual benefits obtainable during the system's life span, less its development costs. The formula recognizes that a system's annual benefit, comprising enhanced informational value plus reduction In data processing cost, will change as a result of obsolescence, cost of capital, organizational growth and learning.
The Monday effect on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Bhana N.
Published: August 2019

The efficient market hypothesis submits that the expected returns on shares and other financial assets are identical for all the days of the week. Studies of share returns on the New York Stock Exchange have revealed that the expected returns are not identical for the various days of the week. This article examines two hypotheses that have attempted to explain the distribution of returns over different days of the week. The calendar-time hypothesis states that the expected return for Monday is three times the expected return for the other days of the week. The trading-time hypothesis states that the expected return is the same for each day of the week. During the period 1978-1983, the daily returns on shares traded on the JSE were inconsistent with both hypotheses. The average return for Monday was significantly negative while the average return for the other trading days was positive with Wednesday showing the highest return. Evidence is presented to show that Treasury Bills have the same weekend effect as share transactions. An investment strategy based on the observed pattern of share returns over different days of the week is suggested. The implications of the effect of day of the week for tests of market efficiency are examined.
Multiple-concept management: The challenge to retail conglomerates
Authors: Leibold M. , Van Tonder C. J.
Published: August 2019

The increasing trend towards formation of conglomerates (multiple-concept organizations) in South African retailing has brought about major managerial challenges. These challenges lie in the realm of corporate and business strategy, organization, and management expertise. This article briefly analyses the nature of retail conglomerates in South Africa, illustrates the emerging problems which confront them, and then offers suggestions for new approaches to assist management. The need for new conceptual and technical skills is emphasized, especially in the realms of corporate strategy orientation, implementation of portfolio frameworks, organizational flexibility, a negotiative corporate culture, differentiated management styles, and research.
The Boston Consulting Group's strategic menagerie
Authors: Robinson C. G.
Published: August 2019

In this, the first in a series of three articles which summarize the Boston Consulting Group's approach to setting strategy, problems of funding growth and allocating resources around a portfolio of products or strategic business units are highlighted. The relationships between the stage of the product life cycle, the funding requirements of a business, and the alternatives for generating funds are explored. Growth and risk issues are highlighted and the maximum sustainable rate of growth from internally generated sources is derived. The impact of the experience curve on capital structure, production costs, and competitive position emphasizes the interaction between life cycle position, cost position, profitability, and cash flow. This logically leads to the Boston Consulting Group's Growth Share Matrix as a basis for resource allocation around a portfolio of businesses. Optimum cash flow and investment criteria are arrived at.