bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoid Extract from Paeonia lactiflora Seed Peel and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Shi Guiqin , Shen Jiaxin , Wei Tao , Ren Fei , Guo Famou , Zhou Yuan
Published: February 2021

In this study, the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoid from Paeonia lactiflora seed peel was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Single‐factor experiments and a three‐factor three‐level Box‐Behnken design (BBD) were performed to explore the effects of the following parameters on flavonoid extraction: ethanol concentration (X1), liquid‐solid ratio (X2), and ultrasonic time (X3). The results showed that the optimal flavonoid yield (10.9045 mg RE/g) was as follows: ethanol concentration 62.93%, ultrasonic time 64.56 min, and liquid‐solid ratio 24.86 mL/g. The optimized extract of P. lactiflora seed shell was further analyzed by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS, and 20 main flavonoids were identified and quantified, among which protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde had the highest content. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the P. lactiflora seed peel extract obtained under optimized UAE conditions exhibited good antioxidant activity. The experimental results showed that ultrasound‐assisted extraction was a fast, efficient, and simple method for extracting active ingredients from P. lactiflora seed peel, thereby making this byproduct a promising source of compounds in food and healthcare sectors.
Inflation Pressure in Side Branch during Modified Jailed Balloon Technique Does Not Affect Side Branch Outcomes
Authors: Nomura Tetsuya , Wada Naotoshi , Ota Issei , Tasaka Satoshi , Ono Kenshi , Sakaue Yu
Published: February 2021

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the optimal jailed balloon inflation in the side branch during the modified jailed balloon technique for bifurcated lesions. Background. The modified jailed balloon technique is one of the effective techniques to minimize the emergence of side branch (SB) compromise by preventing plaque or carina shifting during a single stent strategy in the main vessel with provisional SB treatment. However, there are no detailed studies on the method of optimal jailed balloon inflation. Methods. We analyzed 51 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcated lesions with a modified jailed balloon technique between September 2018 and December 2020. These 51 patients were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of inflation pressure of the jailed balloon: a higher pressure (HP) group and lower pressure (LP) group. Results. No significant differences in procedural outcomes were observed between the two groups. The findings of SB compromise were relatively common with our procedure (30.0% in the HP group; 33.3% in the LP group). The patterns of SB compromise such as dissection or stenosis increase were observed at similar frequencies between them. In particular, SB dissection was noted in the SB lesion with some plaque burden, irrespective of the magnitude of the jailed balloon inflation pressure. Univariate analysis showed that calcification in the main vessel and SB lesion length was significantly associated with SB compromise. Finally, all PCI procedures were successfully completed without any provisional stent deployment in SB. Conclusions. We speculate that lesion characteristics rather than the PCI procedural factors may be critical determinants to cause SB compromise.
A Systematic Review on Indoor Environmental Quality in Naturally Ventilated School Classrooms: A Way Forward
Authors: Kapoor Nishant Raj , Kumar Ashok , Meena Chandan Swaroop , Kumar Anuj , Alam Tabish , Balam Nagesh Babu , Ghosh Aritra
Published: February 2021

This review presents the existing state‐of‐the‐art practices of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in naturally ventilated school buildings and is mainly focused on the components of IEQ like thermal comfort, indoor air quality with ventilation, and visual and acoustic comfort. This article also discusses the impacts of COVID‐19 on naturally ventilated school buildings, highlighting the obviousness of dynamic applications that concentrate on reducing COVID‐19 effects in naturally ventilated school buildings. The importance of the concerned issues and factors are discussed in detail for future research direction. This review is a step toward the development of the IEQ standard for naturally ventilated school buildings.
Targeting the HuR Oncogenic Role with a New Class of Cytoplasmic Dimerization Inhibitors
Authors: Filippova Natalia , Yang Xiuhua , Ananthan Subramaniam , Calano Jennifer , Pathak Vibha , Bratton Larry , Vekariya Rakesh H. , Zhang Sixue , Ofori Edward , Hayward Emily N. , Namkoong David , Crossman David K. , Crowley Michael R. , King Peter H. , Mobley James , Nabors Louis B.
Published: February 2021

The development of novel therapeutics that exploit alterations in the activation state of key cellular signaling pathways due to mutations in upstream regulators has generated the field of personalized medicine. These first-generation efforts have focused on actionable mutations identified by deep sequencing of large numbers of tumor samples. We propose that a second-generation opportunity exists by exploiting key downstream “nodes of control” that contribute to oncogenesis and are inappropriately activated due to loss of upstream regulation and microenvironmental influences. The RNA-binding protein HuR represents such a node. Because HuR functionality in cancer cells is dependent on HuR dimerization and its nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling, we developed a new class of molecules targeting HuR protein dimerization. A structure–activity relationship algorithm enabled development of inhibitors of HuR multimer formation that were soluble, had micromolar activity, and penetrated the blood–brain barrier. These inhibitors were evaluated for activity validation and specificity in a robust cell-based assay of HuR dimerization. SRI-42127, a molecule that met these criteria, inhibited HuR multimer formation across primary patient-derived glioblastoma xenolines (PDGx), leading to arrest of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of colony formation. SRI-42127 had favorable attributes with central nervous system penetration and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. RNA and protein analysis of SRI-42127–treated PDGx xenolines across glioblastoma molecular subtypes confirmed attenuation of targets upregulated by HuR. These results highlight how focusing on key attributes of HuR that contribute to cancer progression, namely cytoplasmic localization and multimerization, has led to the development of a novel, highly effective inhibitor.

Significance:

These findings utilize a cell-based mechanism of action assay with a structure–activity relationship compound development pathway to discover inhibitors that target HuR dimerization, a mechanism required for cancer promotion.
Clinicopathologic and Genomic Analysis of TP53-Mutated Endometrial Carcinomas
Authors: Momeni-Boroujeni Amir , Dahoud Wissam , Vanderbilt Chad M. , Chiang Sarah , Murali Rajmohan , Rios-Doria Eric V. , Alektiar Kaled M. , Aghajanian Carol , Abu-Rustum Nadeem R. , Ladanyi Marc , Ellenson Lora H. , Weigelt Britta , Soslow Robert A.
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Copy number–high endometrial carcinomas were described by The Cancer Genome Atlas as high-grade endometrioid and serous cancers showing frequent copy-number alterations (CNA), low mutational burden (i.e., non-hypermutant), near-universal TP53 mutation, and unfavorable clinical outcomes. We sought to investigate and compare the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of non-hypermutant TP53-altered endometrial carcinomas of four histologic types.

Experimental Design:

TP53-mutated endometrial carcinomas, defined as TP53-mutant tumors lacking microsatellite instability or pathogenic POLE mutations, were identified (n = 238) in a cohort of 1,239 endometrial carcinomas subjected to clinical massively parallel sequencing of 410–468 cancer-related genes. Somatic mutations and CNAs (n = 238), and clinicopathologic features were determined (n = 185, initial treatment planning at our institution).

Results:

TP53-mutated endometrial carcinomas encompassed uterine serous (n = 102, 55.1%), high-grade endometrial carcinoma with ambiguous features/not otherwise specified (EC-NOS; n = 44, 23.8%), endometrioid carcinomas of all tumor grades (n = 28, 15.1%), and clear cell carcinomas (n = 11, 5.9%). PTEN mutations were significantly more frequent in endometrioid carcinomas, SPOP mutations in clear cell carcinomas, and CCNE1 amplification in serous carcinomas/EC-NOS; however, none of these genomic alterations were exclusive to any given histologic type. ERBB2 amplification was present at similar frequencies across TP53-mutated histologic types (7.7%–18.6%). Although overall survival was similar across histologic types, serous carcinomas presented more frequently at stage IV, had more persistent and/or recurrent disease, and reduced disease-free survival.

Conclusions:

TP53-mutated endometrial carcinomas display clinical and molecular similarities across histologic subtypes. Our data provide evidence to suggest performance of ERBB2 assessment in all TP53-mutated endometrial carcinomas. Given the distinct clinical features of serous carcinomas, histologic classification continues to be relevant.
Fritz Kalmar: a memória de uma Europa artificial nos Andes bolivianos
Authors: Krausz Luis
Published: February 2021

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar a trajetória do escritor austríaco Fritz Kalmar e seu conto “Der Austrospinner” (“O austro-louco”), incluído na antologia Das Herz europaschwer, de 1997, à luz das identidades surgidas no contexto da emancipação e da assimilação judaicas na Áustria. Georg von Winternitz, protagonista desta narrativa, encarna, em seu exílio boliviano, os fundamentos de uma identidade austríaca cultivada na velha Monarquia Habsburga, legatária do Sacro Império Romano Germânico, e organiza sua existência no novo país de acordo com valores éticos e com princípios católicos, humanistas e universalistas, cultivados, sobretudo, por literatos austríacos do fim do século XIX e do início do século XX, que se dedicaram à construção da identidade imperial austríaca. Esse sistema de valores, particularmente caro aos judeus austríacos da época do Kaiser Franz Josef, revela uma surpreendente sobrevida nos Andes bolivianos depois de 1938. Ao adotar um menino indígena que está em vias de tornar-se um ladrão, esse personagem não só pretende educá-lo como, sobretudo, pretende fazer dele “um austríaco”, o que significa, para o personagem, nele instilar um sistema de valores vinculado à extinta Áustria imperial. A discussão sobre esse conceito, “o austríaco”, presente na literatura austríaca do século XIX e do início do século XX, é trazida à tona para tentar compreender o que se encontra por trás deste projeto. Para além dessa questão surge, ao longo da narrativa, uma alusão ao fato de que tanto o narrador quanto o protagonista da narrativa são descendentes de judeus que também “se tornaram” austríacos. “Tornar-se austríaco”, assim, e com isto o conceito de gelernter Österreicher, temas inextricavelmente ligados ao processo de emancipação e assimilação judaica na Áustria do século XIX, são questões que ressurgem, de forma distópica e anacrônica, na Bolívia dos anos 1950, na trajetória de Kalmar tanto quanto na de seu personagem.
Die Relevanz der Selbstlernzentren für die Autonomiebildung beim Fremdsprachenlernen an der Universität
Authors: Schmidt Cristiane , Cardoso de Aquino Tatiane
Published: February 2021

Die Notwendigkeit eines formalen Umfelds, das die Sprachlernenden unterstützt, ist immer häufiger Gegenstand von Debatten im Bereich der modernen Fremdsprachen, da es für die Entwicklung autonomer Lerner von Bedeutung ist. Daher soll in dieser Studie die Rolle institutionalisierter Räume, insbesondere von Selbstlernzentren, im Prozess der Autonomiebildung und ihre Beziehung zum Fremdsprachenlernprozess beleuchtet werden. Die Studie versucht zu verstehen, wie Studenten/Lerner ihre Autonomie entwickeln, welche Strategien sie verwenden und in welchem Verhältnis dieser Prozess zur Nutzung von Selbstlernzentren steht. Die theoretische Grundlage wird von Autoren aus dem Bereich der Angewandten Linguistik gegeben: Leffa (1988); Oxford (1990); Morrison (2011); Tassinari (2012; 2014) und Magno e Silva (2018). Zu diesem Zweck richtet sich diese qualitative Forschung an Studierende, die zwei Klassen des Deutsch-als-Fremdsprache-Studiums der UFPA angehören, die sich in verschiedenen Phasen ihrer Hochschulausbildung befinden. In diesem Kontext schlägt die Studie einige Leitlinien für den Lernenden/Benutzer des Selbstlernzentrums Base de Apoio à Aprendizagem Autônoma (BA³) vor, die darauf abzielen, den Prozess der Autonomiebildung beim Erlernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache effektiv zu entwickeln.
En las fauces de la muerte y la locura: reflexiones en torno a la prosa de Georg Heym
Authors: Andrade Ricardo
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo propone estudiar a una figura destacada del movimiento expresionista alemán poco conocido en lengua española: Georg Heym. Notorio especialmente por su poesía y la fuerte influencia que ejerció en el desarrollo de la lírica en la Alemania del siglo XX, el estudio busca explorar la faceta menos conocida del autor: sus Novellen. A través de este género, el autor radicaliza sus exploraciones estéticas, al mismo tiempo que expone las formaciones ideológicas de la burguesía del Imperio Alemán. En este sentido, el presente trabajo también ofrece una lectura política y las consecuencias de la creación artística expresionista en la configuración espiritual del nacionalsocialismo y la identidad alemana. Para indagar a profundidad dichas relaciones entre filosofía, política y literatura en la Alemania guillermina, se toma en consideración una selección de las Novellen más emblemáticas del autor. Teniendo en cuenta esto, el artículo presenta una lectura renovada de un autor fundamental en la historia de la literatura alemana.
Der Name des Mannes: a nomeação ficcional e a decadência familiar em “Os Buddenbrook” e “Os Maias”
Authors: Camargo Amanda Kristensen de , Seide Marcia Sipavicius
Published: February 2021

A temática da decadência em “Os Buddenbrook”: decadência duma família” é explícita: materializa-se enquanto subtítulo da obra literária. Em “Os Maias”, repete-se a estrutura essencial do título anterior, focalizando-se um nome de família. Sabe-se, entretanto, de antemão, que o enredo contemplado pelo romance de Thomas Mann perpassará por episódios cujo desfecho está no desnodar decadente das gerações da família Buddenbrook, o que, ainda que não explícito, repete-se na obra de Eça de Queirós. Para concretizar de forma estética a temática pretendida, ambos os autores focalizam cada geração das famílias ficcionais, desnudando dialeticamente pensamentos e papeis sociais. Desse desnudamento, um traço se mostra compartilhado por quase todas as personalidades: a preocupação para com a perpetuação do nome da família; fardo que pressagia a total extinção de ambos os antropônimos. A fim de demonstrar a relação da nomeação com a temática da decadência familiar, este artigo propõe um diálogo entre a Literatura Comparada e a Antroponomástica Ficcional – estudo dos nomes ficcionais – e situa o processo da despersonalização subjetiva do nome de família para a concretização do ápice da decadência: o desparto social do nome.
A sinonímia entre as construções com os verbos-suporte bringen e kommen: um estudo com base na teoria da metáfora conceptual
Authors: Pereira Marina Sundfeld
Published: February 2021

As construções com verbo-suporte (CVS) são ligações verbo-nominais com um significado único, por exemplo, zu Ende bringen e ins Gespräch kommen. Os verbos-suporte bringen e kommen podem formar CVS com os mesmos substantivos, de maneira que a CVS com bringen na voz passiva e com kommen sejam sinônimas. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as diferenças de significado entre essas duas CVS sinônimas que emergem da sintaxe através das metáforas conceptuais PROXIMIDADE É FORÇA DE EFEITO e MAIS FORMA É MAIS CONTEÚDO (LAKOFF; JOHNSON 1980). Para tanto, analisamos os dados da dissertação de mestrado de Pereira (2017), cujos corpora foram obtidos no Sistema de Gerenciamento e Análise de Corpora (Cosmas II). Concluímos que diferenças sutis de significado entre CVS formadas com ambos os verbos emergem das metáforas conceptuais citadas e que ambas permitem que a voz passiva de bringen carregue mais significado que a CVS com kommen, a saber, o agente implícito. Além disso, as CVS também sofrem influência das metáforas conceptuais UMA AÇÃO É UM LOCAL e UMA AÇÃO É UM OBJETO.
Left Ventricular Concentric Geometric Patterns Are Associated With Worse Prognosis Among Patients With Type‐A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Rocha Walter E. M. , Oliveira Matheus F. R. A. , Soares Julia D. , L'Armée Victor M. F. S. , Martins Mayara P. G. , Rocha Aloísio M. , Feitosa Audes D. M. , Lima Ricardo C. , Oliveira Pedro P. M. , Silveira‐Filho Lindemberg M. , Coelho‐Filho Otavio R. , Matos‐Souza José R. , Petrucci Orlando , Sposito Andrei C. , Nadruz Wilson
Published: February 2021

Background

This study compared left ventricular (LV) characteristics between patients with type‐A and type‐B aortic dissection (AD) and evaluated the ability of LV remodeling phenotypes (hypertrophy, concentricity, or geometric patterns) to predict mortality in both AD types.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 236 patients with type A and 120 patients with type B who had echocardiograms within 60 days before or after AD diagnosis (median [25th, 75th percentiles] time difference between echocardiogram and AD diagnosis=1 [0, 6] days) from 3 centers. Patients were stratified according to LV phenotypes, and early (90‐day) and late (1‐year) mortality after AD diagnosis were assessed. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, patients with type A had higher and lower odds of concentric and eccentric hypertrophy (odds ratio [OR], 2.56; 95% CI, 1.50–4.36;
P
<0.001; and OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.97;
P
=0.039, respectively) than those with type B. Results of multivariable Cox‐regression analysis showed that LV remodeling phenotypes were not related to mortality in patients with type B. By contrast, LV concentricity was associated with greater early and late mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.24–3.96;
P
=0.007 and HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.20–3.54;
P
=0.009, respectively) in type A. In further analysis considering normal LV geometry as reference, LV concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy were associated with early mortality (HR, 7.78; 95% CI, 2.35–25.78;
P
<0.001 and HR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.47–13.11;
P
=0.008, respectively), whereas concentric remodeling was associated with late mortality (HR, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.91–15.26;
P
<0.001) among patients with type A. Assessment of LV geometric patterns and concentricity provided incremental prognostic value in predicting early and late mortality beyond clinical variables in patients with type A based on net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement.

Conclusions

LV geometric patterns derived from LV concentricity were associated with greater mortality among patients with type A and may be markers of adverse prognosis in this population.
Perceived Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among Participants in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Forde Allana T. , Lewis Tené T. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Bellamy Scarlett L. , Diez Roux Ana V.
Published: February 2021

Background

Black Americans have a higher risk of hypertension compared with White Americans. Perceived discrimination is a plausible explanation for these health disparities. Few studies have examined the impact of perceived discrimination on the incidence of hypertension among a racially diverse sample. Our study examined associations of everyday and lifetime discrimination with incidence of hypertension and whether these associations varied by sex, discrimination attribution, and racial residential segregation.

Methods and Results

The study included 3297 Black, Hispanic, Chinese, and White participants aged 45 to 84 years from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who were without hypertension at exam 1 (2000–2002) and who completed at least 1 of 5 follow‐up exams (2002–2018). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate associations of perceived discrimination with incident hypertension. Over the follow‐up period, 49% (n=1625) of participants developed hypertension. After adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, hypertension risk factors, and study site, Black participants reporting any lifetime discrimination (compared with none) were more likely to develop hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07–1.69). In fully adjusted models, everyday discrimination (high versus low) was associated with a lower risk for hypertension among Hispanic participants (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55–0.98). Statistically significant interactions of perceived discrimination (everyday and lifetime) with sex, discrimination attribution, and racial residential segregation were not observed.

Conclusions

This study suggests that lifetime, but not everyday discrimination is associated with incident hypertension in Black Americans.
Portable Neuromonitoring Device Detects Large Vessel Occlusion in Suspected Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sergot Paulina B. , Maza Andrew J. , Derrick Bruce J. , Smith Lane M. , Berti Liam T. , Wilcox Madeleine R. , Kesinger Matthew R. , Peacock W. Frank , Fontenette Roderick W. , Parker-Cote Jennifer L. , Knapp Barry J. , Feronti Charles J. , Herres Joseph P. , Kelly John J. , Wang Henry E. , Ottman Misty , Nishijima Daniel K. , Shah Shreyansh , Bouffler Andrew S. , Counselman Francis L.
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

Early detection of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke optimizes endovascular therapy and improves outcomes. Clinical stroke severity scales used for LVO identification have variable accuracy. We investigated a portable LVO-detection device (PLD), using electroencephalography and somatosensory-evoked potentials, to identify LVO stroke.

Methods:

We obtained PLD data in suspected patients with stroke enrolled prospectively via a convenience sample in 8 emergency departments within 24 hours of symptom onset. LVO discriminative signals were integrated into a binary classifier. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was documented, and 4 prehospital stroke scales were retrospectively calculated. We compared PLD and scale performance to diagnostic neuroimaging.

Results:

Of 109 patients, there were 25 LVO (23%), 38 non-LVO ischemic (35%), 14 hemorrhages (13%), and 32 stroke mimics (29%). The PLD had higher sensitivity (80% [95% CI, 74–85]) and similar specificity (80% [95% CI, 77–83]) to all prehospital scales at their predetermined high probability LVO thresholds. The PLD had high discrimination for LVO (
C
-statistic=0.88).

Conclusions:

The PLD identifies LVO with superior accuracy compared with prehospital stroke scales in emergency department suspected stroke. Future studies need to validate the PLD’s potential as an LVO triage aid in prehospital undifferentiated stroke populations.
Unregistered Children: a Systematic Literature Review of Explanations and Consequences Associated with Failure to Fulfil Children’s Right to Registration
Authors: Huseby-Lie Iselin , Sørvig Øystein Sivertsen , Dybdahl Ragnhild
Published: February 2021

This study aims systematically to review the knowledge base of the factors associated with missing birth records in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of both possible explanations and possible consequences. Although all children have the right to be registered, millions of children worldwide remain unregistered or lack birth certificates. The results of this study indicate that the main explanations in the research field for why children are not registered are low education among parents, belonging to a family that lives in a rural area, and weaknesses in the system of registration. Although this study finds insufficient empirical research on the consequences of children being unregistered, the main consequences include limited opportunities for community development, limited access to education, and limited access to health care. This study discusses the findings and their implications from a human rights perspective and suggests possible interventions to bring about change.
The Political Was Personal: Shifting Images of 76 Korean pow s Who Went to Neutral Nations
Authors: Byung Joon Jung
Published: February 2021

Under the terms of the Korean War armistice, prisoners of war (pow s) could reject repatriation. The vast majority of non-repatriates went to either of the Koreas, China, or Taiwan. But a small group consisting of 76 Korean and twelve Chinese pow s exercised their option to go to neutral nations instead. This article examines how South Korean discourse about these outlier pow s shifted over the decades. An early assumption was that they had made a principled, ideological decision to reject both blocs of a global Cold War. But their choice of neutral countries was a more personal than ideological one. Their anti-communism appeared muted, since they also eschewed the other side. This interpretation contained little direct knowledge of the pow s themselves; it owed more to how the South Korean public saw the war that devastated their peninsula. There also was the influence of “The Square” in the Korean intellectual society and the mass media in their understanding of these Korean prisoners. After the collapse of the Soviet bloc, South Koreans became more confident about the rivalry with North Korea. This led to a reengagement with the memory of the pow s who had spurned both Koreas, making rejection of Communist North Korea more convincing and their refusal to remain in South Korea was less problematic.
Characterization and comparison of the wood anatomical traits of plantation grown Quercus acutissima and Quercus variabilis
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Shan , Guo Juan , Ren Haiqing , Wang Yurong , Zhang Yonggang , Yin Yafang
Published: February 2021

Oaks are important tree species, providing essential biomaterial for the wood industry. We characterize and compare wood anatomical traits of plantation grown Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Q. variabilis Blume to provide more detailed information to understand xylem radial growth, structure, and function, as well as differences between sapwood and heartwood, to provide data relevant for tree breeding and value-added wood utilization of oak plantations in China. In this study, radial strips were collected at breast height from the main trunk of the two species. Latewood percentage and growth ring width were investigated by X-ray densitometry and a Tree Ring Analysis System, respectively. Vessel and fibre lumen diameter, vessel and fibre wall thickness, vessel density, fibre wall thickness/diameter ratio, tissue proportions, and pit membrane thickness in between vasicentric tracheids were observed with light microscopy and electron microscopy and quantified. There were significant differences in a few wood anatomical traits between the two species: vessel wall thickness and vessel lumen diameter were higher in Q. acutissima than in Q. variabilis, while higher axial parenchyma proportion in sapwood was found in Q. variabilis than in Q. acutissima. More abundant tyloses were found in heartwood than in sapwood of both species. Our work showed the intraspecific and interspecific variation of the two species. Most differences between sapwood and heartwood must be attributed to differences in cambial age during their formation.
The crystalline waters of the Bodoquena Plateau revealed Hypostomus froehlichi (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), a new armored catfish from the rio Paraguay basin in Brazil
Authors: ZAWADZKI CLÁUDIO H. , NARDI GABRIELA , TENCATT LUIZ FERNANDO CASERTA
Published: February 2021

The menaced and poorly-known waters of the Bodoquena Plateau revealed a new resident, the stunning Hypostomus froehlichi sp. n., a large-sized armored catfish, which is finally described after more than twenty years since its discovery. The Bodoquena Plateau is drained by the rio Paraguay basin, and is located in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The new species differs from its congeners on the Bodoquena crystalline waters by having teeth with morphological and numerical variation in adult specimens. There is a continuous range of specimens having about 20 thick and worn teeth to specimens having about 50 thin teeth with intact crowns and lanceolate main cusps. Additional diagnostic characters are: dentaries angled more than 90 degrees, dark blotches, one plate bordering supraoccipital, moderate keel along dorsal series of plates, usually two rows of blotches per interradial membrane on dorsal, pectoral and ventral fins, and by attaining comparatively large size. Hypostomus froehlichi seems to be endemic to the area of the Bodoquena Plateau, in rivers draining to the rio Miranda. The description of the new species reveals a potential conservation flagship species as it is one of the most seen and documented fish by visitors and divers in the clear waters from the touristic, though menaced, Bonito region in Brazil.
The first record of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from caves, with the description of a new species from Brazil
Authors: MERLO RAYANNE LAYS SANT’ANA , CASTRO-SOUZA RODRIGO ANTÔNIO , JUNTA VITOR GABRIEL PEREIRA , FERREIRA RODRIGO LOPES
Published: February 2021

The first species for the genus Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 recorded in caves is herein described. We used the morphology of the phallic complex as the main criteria to differentiate this species from the congeneric ones. In addition, we discussed the natural history of the new species, some aspects of its association to the cave habitats, and the intraspecific variation of the right tegmen observed in two populations of this new species.
A revision of the Pontocaspian gastropods of the subfamily Caspiinae (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae)
Authors: ANISTRATENKO VITALIY V. , NEUBAUER THOMAS A. , ANISTRATENKO OLGA YU. , KIJASHKO PAVEL V. , WESSELINGH FRANK P.
Published: February 2021

The Caspiinae comprise small gastropod species inhabiting low-salinity environments of the Pontocaspian region, specifically the Caspian Sea and the limans, estuaries and lower river reaches of the northern Black Sea Basin. There is considerable discrepancy in the literature as to which taxa are attributed to this hydrobiid subfamily, which of them are valid and what rank they have. Moreover, the generic classification is not agreed upon. Here, we aim at elucidating systematic relationships and species identities by a thorough taxonomic and systematic revision of the Caspiinae, including a detailed morphological study along with information on biogeography, ecology, conservation and fossil record. We use historical and recent collections from all around the Pontocaspian region acquired over the past 170 years, including several type series that were only recently discovered as well as selected Pleistocene and Holocene materials. Several of the species are illustrated properly here for the first time, using both macrophotographs and scanning electron microscopy images to facilitate evaluation of morphological details. The genus Andrusovia, which has been classified in a number of different families and even gastropod subclasses before, is here attributed to the Caspiinae. By designating a lectotype for the type species, A. dybowskii, we finally fix the identity of this previously ambiguous species and genus. Our revision yields four genera and eleven accepted species of Caspiinae for the modern Pontocaspian fauna: Andrusovia (1), Caspia (1), Clathrocaspia (7) and Ulskia (2). In addition, two species of uncertain status (1 nomen dubium, 1 taxon inquirendum) are discussed, and two species introduced as Caspiinae are here found not to belong in that group. Andrusovia antecessor sp. nov. and Andrusovia cyrensis sp. nov. are introduced as new (sub)fossil species from the Caspian Sea.
Horned and spiky: Tegotettix derijei sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) is a peculiar new pygmy grasshopper species from Mindanao
Authors: PATANO ROMEO R. Jr. , MOHAGAN ALMA B. , TUMBRINCK JOSEF , AMOROSO VICTOR B. , SKEJO JOSIP
Published: February 2021

A new peculiar, spiky, and yellowish species of the genus Tegotettix Hancock, 1913 is described from the Davao region of the island of Mindanao (the Philippines)—T. derijei sp. n. (Mindanao horned pygmy devil). The species is visually similar to T. cristiferus (Günther, 1935) from Borneo and T. armatus Hancock, 1913 from Borneo, which is the type species of the genus, and of which a new record from Sabah is also presented in the study. The new species is also similar to an undescribed species from Bukidnon, which we presented by photographs in its natural habitat. To date, T. armatus was known only from old descriptions and drawings and has not been reported for more than 100 years. A brief overview of the species of the genus Tegotettix, with its division into three species groups, is presented.
Mangelia (Gastropoda, Conoidea) species of the Turkish coasts with description of Mangelia vanaartseni sp. nov.
Authors: ÖZTÜRK BILAL
Published: February 2021

The present study addresses the distribution of Mangelia species along the Turkish coasts. The studied material was collected during the last two decades from different habitats (soft and hard bottoms, and macrophyte beds) at depths ranging from the intertidal zone to 1000 m at stations along the Levantine, Aegean and Black Seas coasts of Turkey, and from the Sea of Marmara. Among the analyzed benthic material, 311 living specimens and 114 shells belonging to 18 species of the genus Mangelia were obtained. Mangelia vanaartseni is described as a new species. Among the recognized species, Mangelia unifasciata (Deshayes, 1835) is the most widely distributed species in the study area, while Mangelia secreta (Van Aartsen & Fehr-de Wal 1978), Mangelia pallaryi (Nordsieck 1977) and Mangelia striolata Risso 1826 were the rarest ones. Mangelia costata (Pennant 1777) and Mangelia costulata Risso 1826 were found to occur at depths up to 200 m, while most other species occurred at shallower depths. Along with the description of the new species, ecological and distributional characteristics and figures of specimens are also provided.
A new species of Adelius Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae) from the Afrotropical Region
Authors: TIMÓTEO FERREIRA MANUEL , SHIMBORI EDUARDO MITIO , FERREIRA JOÃO PASCOAL DA SILVA , JOSÉ ALMEIDA FRANCISCO , DE ALMEIDA LUIS FELIPE VENTURA , PENTEADO-DIAS ANGÉLICA MARIA
Published: February 2021

In this paper we describe a new species of Adelius (Braconidae, Cheloninae) from the Afrotropical region, the first record of the genus for Angola, and a significant extension of its geographical distribution.
Infrared Spectroscopy for Online Measurement of Tars, Water, and Permanent Gases in Biomass Gasification
Authors: Pushp Mohit , Brackmann Christian , Davidsson Kent
Published: February 2021

Online measurements of the raw gas composition, including tars and water, during biomass gasification provide valuable information in fundamental investigations and for process control. Mainly consisting of hydrocarbons, tars can, in principle, be measured using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. However, an instrument subjected to raw gas runs the risk of condensation of tars on optical components and subsequent malfunction. Therefore, an external cell, heated to at least  400 ℃, has been designed to ensure that tars remain in the gas phase during FT-IR measurements. The cell was used for on-line FT-IR measurements of permanent gases (CO, CO2, CH4), water, and tars during the operation of a lab-scale downdraft gasifier using wood pellets, bark pellets, and char chips. Based on calibration, the measurement error of permanent gases was estimated to be 0.2%. Concentrations evaluated from spectral signatures of hydrocarbons in tar are in good agreement with results from solid-phase adsorption measurements and correlated well with operational changes in the gasifier.
Strengthening Transition Partnerships Through Community Conversation Events
Authors: Schutz Michele A , Carter Erik W , Gajjar Shimul A , Maves Erin A
Published: February 2021

Strong collaborations are critical to successful youth transitions. Preparing students with disabilities for life after high school requires extensive partnerships within and beyond the school. However, transition educators often struggle to meaningfully engage the people and programs that exist within their local community. A community conversation event is a practical, fun, and effective way for districts to capture fresh perspectives and identify innovative, local solutions to persistent challenges in transition education. The purpose of this article is to highlight the key steps for planning for a community conversation, implementing the event, and using information gathered to inform improvements to transition programming. We draw from our work supporting 10 Tennessee school districts who hosted their own community conversations to reflect upon and improve their transition practices. We provide resources, materials, and tips for school districts to implement a successful event that leads to improvements in transition programming and student outcomes.
Lung adenocarcinoma and sequential antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a case report
Authors: Zhang Chun-Yang , Miao Ran , Li Wei , Ning Hao-Yong , Meng Xiang-En , Han Zhi-Hai , Qin Feng , Liang Ying-Kui , Li Ming-Xv
Published: February 2021

The relationship between antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and lung cancer remains unclear. A 66-year-old man presented with pulmonary nodules. Histological examination of a specimen from computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated using cryoablation and systemic chemotherapy. Sixteen months later, the patient presented with fever, nasal inflammation, recurrent lung lesions, elevated serum creatinine levels, and high levels of ANCA. Histological examination of a specimen from ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy revealed pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. The patient responded to treatment, but granulomatosis with polyangiitis recurred and he later died. This case highlights the possibility of sequential AAV with lung cancer. Although this is relatively rare, further research is needed to better understand the association or pathophysiological link between lung cancer and AAV.
A quantitative analysis of two improvisation assessment instruments
Authors: Hickey Maud , Healy Daniel , Schmidt Casey
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine how inter-rater reliability scores for iPad improvisations and clarinet improvisations would compare between two different creativity assessment measures—the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) and the Test of Ability to Improvise (TAI). In addition, we examined how the overall and subscore ratings for each measure related to each other. Improvisation files were collected from 43 students who had 2 to 3 years’ experience on the clarinet. Two independent panels of judges rated the improvisations using either the CAT or the TAI. Results showed no relationships between the composite or subscores of the two measures. Inter-rater reliability ratings were moderate, and slightly higher on the TAI than the CAT except for the subscore of creativity, where the CAT reliability scores were higher. Further research is needed to understand the more nuanced differences between these two measures, as well as to find a valid a reliable tool for the measurement of creativity and improvisation for school-aged children.
Development and Validation of a Seven-County Regional Pedestrian Volume Model
Authors: Schneider Robert J. , Schmitz Andrew , Qin Xiao
Published: February 2021

This study describes the development and validation of pedestrian intersection crossing volume models for the seven-county Milwaukee metropolitan region. The set of three models, among the first developed at a multi-county scale, can be used to estimate the total number of pedestrian crossings per year at four-leg intersections along state highways and other major thoroughfares. Outputs are appropriate for annual volumes ranging from 1,000 to 650,000. We used negative binomial regression to relate annual pedestrian volumes at 260 intersections to roadway and surrounding neighborhood socioeconomic and land-use variables. The three models include seven variables that have significant positive associations with annual pedestrian volume: population density within 400 m of the intersection; employment density within 400 m; number of bus stops within 100 m; number of retail businesses within 100 m; number of restaurant and bar businesses within 100 m; presence of a school within 400 m; and proportion of households without a motor vehicle within 400 m. Results suggest that square root or cube root transformations of continuous explanatory variables could potentially improve model fit. The models have fair accuracy, with each of the three model formulations predicting 60% or more of validation intersection counts to within half or double the observed value. Future research could address overprediction by creating new variables to better represent the number of lanes on each intersection leg and low socioeconomic status of adjacent neighborhoods.
Study on Risks and Countermeasures of Shallow Biogas during Construction of Metro Tunnels by Shield Boring Machine
Authors: Jiang Xi , Zhang Yuxin , Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Bai Yun
Published: February 2021

With the intensive development of cities, the utilization of underground space has attracted more and more attention from industry and academia. Underground rail (metro) in cities has become an imperative mode for people in their daily lives. Meanwhile, the safety of rail tunnel construction has constantly been a challenging issue because of the presence of complex strata containing shallow biogas. Accidents in tunnel construction because of shallow biogas which resulted in massive casualties and property loss have been reported in some recent literature. The excavation of formations containing shallow biogas not only poses a threat to the safety of the earlier stage of tunnel construction but also affects the later operation of metro lines. Therefore, the safety problem caused by shallow biogas should be taken into consideration seriously and avoided in the pre-construction stage. A typical underwater metro tunnel, Hangzhou Metro Line 6, is introduced in this study to suggest the proper approach to deal with the biogas problem during the construction process. The generation mechanism of shallow biogas is clarified and the process of identifying biogas risk during strata exploration is also discussed. A risk identification and control system for shield tunneling through biogas strata is proposed to mitigate the potential dangers of shallow biogas during the construction process. This study provides actual construction experience and countermeasures for other similar metro tunnel projects that encounter biogas strata to diminish the potential risks and avoid severe accidents.
A design of compound tailored illumination by a total-internal-reflection lens for machine vision
Authors: Sun X , Kong LB , Zhou PY , Xu M
Published: February 2021

In machine vision systems, the objectives to be detected, such as circuit boards, may be composed of many different materials and shapes, which can lead to highlights, shadows and error information in captured images under traditional uniform illumination. A lighting system that generates tailored irradiance in different regions in machine vision is needed. This paper proposes a design method for an LED lens and obtains special total-internal-reflection (TIR) lenses that generate tailored illumination, which can adapt to the reflectance and shape of a target. Differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) based on the conservation of flux are established to ensure the uniform illumination on the targets, nonlinear equations based on the edge-ray principle are employed to generate the spots with tailored shapes and the numerical solutions can be fitted into the proposed lenses. Six different tailored faculae are generated to verify the proposed method. The results show that the uniformity of tailored facula can exceed 87%, and the light efficiency can exceed 85%. In particular, the contrast of the irradiance among different regions can be adjusted by the boundary conditions; thus, the proposed method can satisfy the complex demand for machine vision and be applied to improve vision detection systems in production lines.
Keeping the Higher Education “Promise” in Nevada: Latina/o Legislators Policy Ways of Knowing
Authors: Martinez Magdalena
Published: February 2021

In this case study, I draw attention to key Nevada Latina/o legislators’ policy ways of knowing and their higher education policy priorities. A focus on the policy actors uncovered structural, racial, and cultural assumptions in policy-making often absent in the exclusive analysis of policy interventions. Their policy ways of knowing were shaped in at least three ways: acknowledging and naming the sources of structural inequities, embracing political humility, and challenging policy knowledge-generating practices.
Case Series of Concomitant Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome and May-Thurner Syndrome
Authors: Charitable John F. , Yilmaz Onur , Rockman Caron , Jacobowitz Glenn R.
Published: February 2021

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare vascular disorder which includes leg swelling, or lower extremity deep venous reflux/thrombosis as a presenting symptom. May-Thurner syndrome is also a rare pathology involving compression of the left common iliac vein, usually by the right common iliac artery. The incidence of concomitant occurrence of these entities is unknown and not well reported. This case series describes 3 patients who underwent evaluation of symptomatic left lower extremity venous disease. All 3 suffered symptomatic Klippel-Trenaunay initially, and were subsequently diagnosed with concomitant May-Thurner Syndrome. They were successfully treated with left common iliac vein stents with symptomatic improvement.
Balloon anchoring to traverse the sigmoid sinus for delivery of large-caliber venous stents: A technical note
Authors: Murakami Tomoaki , Toyota Shingo , Suematsu Takuya , Wada Yuki , Nakagawa Kanji , Shimizu Takeshi , Mori Kanji , Taki Takuyu
Published: February 2021

Background

In the reconstruction of the superior sagittal sinus or transverse sinus, it is desirable to place a large-diameter guiding catheter into the transverse sinus to introduce the stent delivery system smoothly. The utility of an anchoring technique with a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) balloon for navigating an 8 F guiding catheter into the transverse sinus is demonstrated. Case Descriptions: Two dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) cases (Cognard type II a +b, Borden type II) that underwent sinus stenting are presented. In both cases, when the 8 F guiding catheter was placed in the jugular vein, the stent delivery system could not enter the transverse sinus because it could not pass through the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction. Introduction of an 8 F guiding catheter into the transverse sinus was attempted but failed. An 8-mm or 9-mm PTA balloon was used as a distal anchor, and this technique allowed easier guiding of catheter advancement into the transverse sinus. In both cases, Carotid WALLSTENTS were placed in the sinus easily, with no complications.

Conclusion

Balloon anchoring in the venous system is useful for achieving large-caliber catheter access across difficult anatomy and is technically feasible.