bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN SEMANTIK NAMA DIRI DALAM MASYARAKAT BATAK SIMALUNGUN DI KECAMATAN SIANTAR MARIHAT
Authors: Manurung Gretty Silvia , Hendrokumoro Hendrokumoro
Published: September 2023

Banyak peneliti terdahulu mengkaji budaya Batak, tetapi belum banyak memfokuskan pada topik nama diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pemberian nama diri, makna nama diri, dan nilai-nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam nama diri masyarakat suku Batak Simalungun yang lahir dan berdomisili di Kecamatan Siantar Marihat. Teori yang dipakai adalah teori sosiosemantik. Lokasi penelitian meliputi Kecamatan Siantar Marihat, Pematangsiantar, Sumatera Utara. Sumber data berupa dokumen dan informan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan  analisis dokumen dan kuesioner baik yang dilakukan secara tatap muka, maupun menggunakan alat bantu Whatsapp. Kuesioner berisi nama, agama, usia, jenis kelamin, kontak responden, dan alasan pemberian nama. Untuk menganalisis data, digunakan metode padan dengan menggunakan alat penentu referen bahasa, organ wicara, bahasa, dan mitra wicara. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat tiga kutub makna nama diri yang ditemukan, yakni makna situasional, makna kenangan, dan makna futuratif. Ditemukan pula pengaruh budaya pada pemberian nama diri suku Batak Simalungun di Kecamatan Siantar Marihat.
ANALISIS MATERI SINTAKSIS PADA BUKU TEKS SISWA KELAS 4-6 DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pangesti Astri Juliarahma , Rafi Muhamad
Published: September 2023

Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia ialah pelajaran yang ada di setiap tingkatan sekolah, Termasuk Sekolah dasar. Setiap tingkatan memiliki level yang berbeda dengan tingkatan lainnya berdasarkan tingkat pemahamannya. Hal ini, bisa dilihat pada buku teks yang digunakan. Kesesuaian buku teks dengan pembacanya dapat dianalisis dengan analisis sintaksis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan materi Bahasa Indonesia tentang sintaksis pada buku teks siswa kelas 4-6 sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan berupa analisis dokumen. Data dianalisis dan dijabarkan dari tinjauan  materi sintaksis dalam  buku teks. Sumber data berupa buku teks siswa kelas 4-6 sekolah dasar dengan berbagai jenis buku yang berbeda setiap kelasnya dan memuat mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di kelas 4 terdapat materi kalimat transitif dan intransitif, kalimat majemuk dan konjungsi, kalimat persuasif atau ajakan, kata bilangan atau numeralia, kalimat efektif, kata penghubung, di kelas 5 terdapat materi teks eksplanasi, informasi dalam iklan, dan diksi dalam teks nonfiksi, di kelas 6 terdapat materi teks laporan hasil pengamatan, kalimat efektif, menyusun teks pidato, kata tanya, teks puisi dan imbuhan.
CITRA PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL MAYA KARYA AYU UTAMI: KAJIAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN FEMINISME
Authors: Rohayati Lia Fajar , Sahayu Wening
Published: September 2023

Tujuan Penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan wujud citra perempuan dalam novel Maya karya Ayu Utami Pendekatan Feminisme. Pendekatan ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Maya karya  Ayu Utami. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri dengan bantuan check list dan catatan rekaman. Daftar periksa dan catatan catatan digunakan untuk melacak dan merekam data yang dihasilkan melalui studi literatur dan dokumentasi. Pengujian validitas dan analisis data menggunakan triangulasi, yaitu teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang menggunakan sesuatu selain data itu untuk mengecek atau membandingkan data.  Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, citra perempuan dalam novel Maya menunjukkan adanya (a) gambaran dan eksistensi yang di verbalisasikan oleh pengarang pada perempuan karena ingin mendapatkan hak, (b) pengakuan dan pemerolehan mutu yang sama dengan laki-laki, sebagai sebagai bentuk perubahan dan ingin mengugat terhadap diskriminasi dan budaya patriarki. Tokoh perempuan dalam novel Maya menunjukan sebagai perempuan mandiri. Digambarkan tokoh secara terang-terangan ingin memilih hidup di alam terbuka dan mereka tidak ingin terkungkung aktifitasnya, ingin memperoleh hak, mutu, dan sumber daya sama halnya dengan laki-laki.
DIALEKTOLOGI DAN EKOLINGUISTIK BAHASA WAKATOBI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Putra Ansor , Taembo Maulid
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pengelompokan bahasa Wakatobi berdasarkan metode dialektometri dan hubungannya dengan keanekaragaman lingkungan Wakatobi; dan mendeskripsikan variasi bunyi dan leksikon bahasa Wakatobi berdasarkan kajian dialektologi dan ekolinguistik. Ketidakjelasan pengelompokan bahasa Wakatobi dan perbedaan dalam variasi bahasa tersebut menjadi alasan penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis data primer dan sekunder. Data primer bersumber langsung dari informan; dan data sekunder bersumber dari tinjauan pustaka terdahulu. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode dalam dialektologi dan ekolinguistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahasa Wakatobi dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam enam subdialek, yaitu: (1) Waha, (2) Kapota, (3) Mandati-Lia, (4) Kaledupa, (5) Tomia, dan (6) Binongko. Pengelompokan bahasa Wakatobi tersebut umumnya berada pada pulau yang berbeda di Kabupaten Wakatobi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor geografis mengambil peran dalam menyebabkan terjadinya kebervariasian bahasa Wakatobi. Perbedaan bunyi bahasa Wakatobi dapat terjadi secara teratur dan tidak teratur. Variasi teratur terjadi jika kemunculan perubahan bunyi itu disyarati oleh lingkungan linguistik tertentu, sedangkan variasi tidak teratur atau variasi sporadis terjadi jika kemunculan perubahan bunyi itu tidak disyarati oleh lingkungan linguistik. Melalui hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan adanya penelitian lanjutan pada tataran morfologi dan sintaksis untuk menambah informasi mengenai kebahasaan dan mendukung pemetaan bahasa di Kabupaten Wakatobi.
PRAANGGAPAN PADA DIALOG MENGENAI KEJUJURAN DALAM NOVEL PERBURUAN KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Oking Muhammad Daffansyah Gerraldy
Published: September 2023

Sebagai karya sastra,  novel dapat menjadi media pendididikan, termasuk pendidikan karakter kejujuran yang dapat menginspirasi pembacanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis praanggapan tentang kejujuran  yang terdapat pada dialog dalam novel Perburuan karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan pragmatik. Yang menjadi sumber data adalah dialog yang mengandung praanggapan bermuatan kejujuran dalam novel Perburuan sehingga pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode baca yang diterapkan melalui teknik catat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dalam novel Perburuan terdapat 4 jenis pranggapan tentang kejujuran, yaitu praanggapan eksistensial, praanggapan faktif, praanggapan leksikal, dan praanggapan struktural. Praanggapan leksikal merupakan jenis praanggapan yang paling sering muncul, sedangkan praanggapan yang tidak pernah muncul adalah praanggapan non-faktif dan konterfaktual. Melalui beberapa praanggapan tersebut tersirat adanya pesan bahwa dalam setiap tuturan, tindakan akan selalu berkaitan dengan nilai kejujuran. Konstribusi  penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman lebih baik pada pembaca terhadap  novel Perburuan, tidak hanya sekadar alur cerita tetapi juga pesan lain yang ingin disampaikan oleh penulis.
KATA-KATA BERMAKNA KONOTASI DALAM LIRIK SAKECO SUMBAWA
Authors: Safitri Ega , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Hidayat Rahmat
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kata-kata bermakna konotasi dalam lirik sakeco Sumbawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simak dan cakap. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan metode padan intralingual dan padan ekstralingual. Hasil analisis data disajikan dengan metode informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  pada 6 jenis sakeco  yaitu, sakeco pembangunan, sakeco akhirat, sakeco pendidikan, sakeco halal bihalal, sakeco pariwisata, dan sakeco kolonial Belanda ditemukan bentuk makna konotasi berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat. Wujud berupa kata yang bermakna konotasi diantaranya kata bersih lamung, pupuk, ketawa, tokal, dsb. Wujud berupa frasa diantaranya frasa balang kulit, pamakan rohani, operasi tubuh, nyongong penge dan adu domba. Wujud berupa kalimat di antaranya kalimat Nuntang otak sanyonyong ne, balangan na balik bungkak, mate mu dela daki den, jiwa lemah dibuang ke laut, dadi bote’ bau balang, biarkan anjing menggonggong, kafila tetap berlalu, dan no i sayang harta benda.
ANALISIS WACANA HUMOR DALAM ACARA LAPOR PAK! DI TRANS 7
Authors: Jayana Waode Surtina , Putu Wijana I Dewa
Published: September 2023

Wacana humor banyak memuat penyimpangan prinsip kerjasama dalam rangka merealisasikan fungsi komunikatif humor, termasuk pada acara komedi Lapor Pak!. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyimpangan prinsip kerjasama dan fungsi komunikatif  humor  yang digunakan oleh pemandu acara serta bintang tamu untuk menciptakan humor dalam acara Lapor Pak!. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik dari Grice. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode baca markah dan metode padan. Kajian ini berupa tuturan yang berupa wacana dialog dari setiap pembawa acara Lapor Pak! dan bintang tamu yang hadir di setiap episode acara Lapor Pak!. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simak dan teknik catat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti maka ditemukan 45 data dari empat penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama Grice yang digunakan oleh pemandu acara Lapor Pak! meliputi penyimpangan maksim kualitas, maksim kuantitas, maksim relevansi dan maksim pelaksana, sedangkan fungsi komunikatif humor ditemukan 4 fungsi komunikatif berupa, humor sebagai sarana untuk menyindir pemerintah, humor sebagai sarana untuk mengejek, humor sebagai sarana bentuk romantisme terhadap pasangan, dan humor sebagai sarana untuk menyindir teman.
COLLECTION OF SHORT STORIES KONVENSI BY A. MUSTOFA BISRI: STUDY OF STILISTICS AND ITS UTILIZATION IN LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Mujadidi Muhammad Sibghotallah , Kasa Deeana , Setiawan Budhi , Chaesar Ari Suryawati Secio
Published: September 2023

As an artist, humanist, and religious leader, A. Mustofa Bisri's literary works have a distinctive character and contain a lot of educational value. This study aims to describe the use of diction, imagery, and style of language in A. Mustofa Bisri's short story collection Konvensi, as well as the use of the results of this study in learning Indonesian in high school. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a stylistic approach. The data sources are 15 short stories and 5 high school teachers in Surakarta. Data collection was carried out by document analysis and interviews. Data validity test was carried out using theoretical triangulation techniques and data source triangulation. Data analysis was carried out using a flowing model. The results of this study are as follows: (1) in the collection of short stories Konvensi there are 7 types of diction and concrete words dominate; (2) there are 7 types of images and the one that appears most often is the image of feelings; (3) there are 23 types of figurative language and the dominant one is the repetition style; and (4) the results of the analysis of the use of diction, imagery, and relevant language styles are utilized in learning to read and write short story texts in Indonesian subjects for grade 11 high school because they contain a variety of writing styles so as to enrich students' insights in literary literacy.
INTERFERENSI BAHASA MANDAILING DALAM PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS 1 SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Habibi M. , Iskandar Puguh Ardianto , Chandra Chandra , Suriani Ari
Published: September 2023

Mayoritas bahasa pertama anak-anak di daerah Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara Indonesia, adalah bahasa Mandailing. Bahasa ini berkedudukan sebagai bahasa tunggal hingga memasuki jenjang sekolah dasar. Saat memasuki usia sekolah (kelas I sekolah dasar) mereka mulai mempelajari bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua. Keadaan ini menjadikan siswa kelas I sekolah dasar di daerah Tapanuli Selatan sebagai penutur bilingual, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya interferensi bahasa Mandailing dalam setiap tuturan bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus dan menggunakan metode deskriptif dalam menjelaskan hasil temuan. Penelitian bertujnuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk interferensi bahasa Mandailing terhadap pemerolehan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua pada siswa kelas I sekolah dasar di daerah Tapanuli Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah terjadi interferensi bahasa pada tataran fonologi sebanyak 8 kasus, interferensi pada tataran morfologi sebanyak 12 kasus, interferensi pada tataran leksikon sebanyak 20 kasus, dan interferensi pada tataran sintaksis sebanyak 7 kasus. Penyebab terjadinya interferensi adalah: (1) kedwibahasaan penutur, (2) perbendaharaan kosakata yang masih minim, (3) kosakata bahasa kedua jarang digunakan, dan (4) terbawanya kebiasaan bahasa ibu. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi guru dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang membiasakan penggunaan bahasa kedua, yaitu bahasa Indonesia.
Tuntunan Ibadah Harian dan Belajar Membaca Al-Qur’an Praktis
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Supriyadi Supriyadi , Faizah Ima , Farihah Anis , Amrullah Muhlasin
Published: September 2023

Buku ini merupakan tuntunan ibadah harian yang disusun berdasarkan Himpunan Putusan Tarjih Muhammadiyah yang dapat dijadikan sebagai panduan bagi pembaca semua kalangan mencakup taharah, sholat lima waktu, sholat berjama’ah dan sholat - sholat sunnah lainnya.
Algılanan Sosyal Medya Pazarlama Faaliyetlerinin Marka ve Değer Bilincine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Arklan Ümit , Tuzcu Nilgün
Published: September 2023

Giderek değişen dijital yaşam ve tüketici bakış açısı karşısında işletmeler rekabetçi üstünlük sağlayabilmek için sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerini kullanarak marka ve değer bilincine yönelik çalışmalara başlamışlardır. Şirketlerin markalarını tanıtmak ve hatırlatmak amacıyla kullandıkları sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetleri sayesinde tüketiciler bir markaya dönük fiyat, imaj, kalite gibi hususlarda bilgi alabilmekte ve bu bilgiler sayesinde o markaya ilişkin bir bilinç düzeyine erişebilmektedirler. Markaların yapmaya çalıştığı şey, kendilerine dönük istenen yönde bir bilinç oluşturarak rakiplerinden farklı bir konuma taşınmaktır. Buradan hareketle çalışma, algılanan sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin marka bilinci ve değer bilinci üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koyma amacı taşımaktadır. Bahsi geçen amaç minvalinde, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi ile İletişim Fakültesi öğrencileri üzerinde bir alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. 506 üniversite öğrencisinden elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, sosyal medya ortamlarının alışveriş yapmak için güvenilir bulunduğu, satın alma süreçlerinde bir ürün ya da markaya ilişkin bilgilenmek amacıyla kullanıldığı, algılanan sosyal medya pazarlama faaliyetlerinin ise marka bilinci ve değer bilinci üzerinde anlamlı ve olumlu bir etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The contemporary leadership behavior of school principals scale according to teacher's perceptions: Validity and reliability study
Authors: GÜL İbrahim , ÖRS ÖZDİL Selda
Published: September 2023

School principals are expected to possess modern leadership abilities that place an emphasis on ideas like collaboration, innovation, technological advancement, and egalitarianism. The objective of this study was to establish the psychometric features of the scale of current leadership behaviors of school principals (SCLBSP) developed in accordance with teacher perspectives. For the scale's content validity, eight experts were contacted, and for each item, the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were computed. Two different samples served as the basis for the scale development investigation. 253 teachers' worth of data were utilized in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), whereas 215 teachers' worth of data were used in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance studies. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Split-Half method coefficients, composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) values were determined to determine the scale's reliability. The studies produced a single-factor structure with 34 items that explained 74.4% of the total variation. All SCLBSP items were found to have high levels of discrimination, and the reliability and validity of the entire scale were also found to be high.
The mediating role of academic self-efficacy between the answer-copying tendency and the fear of negative evaluation
Authors: ULUMAN MERT Müge , TUNÇ Emine Burcu
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research study was to analyse the relationship among answer-copying tendency, academic self-efficacy, and fear of negative evaluation. To this end, we formed a structural equivalence model, and we evaluated the mediating role of academic self-efficacy between answer-copying tendency and fear of negative evaluation. A total of 562 university students participated in the study. We used the following as data collection tools: The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, and Answer-Copying Tendency Scale. For the analysis of the data, first the measurement model was tested, then the Structural Equation Model was established and estimations were made with Maximum Probability Estimation. According to the results, academic self-efficacy plays the role of a mediatory variable between fear of negative evaluation and answer-copying tendency. As can be seen from the impact of fear of negative evaluation on answer-copying tendency, there is a meaningful, positive correlation between the two variables. When we included academic self-efficacy in the model as a mediatory variable, we observed that the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and answer-copying tendency weakened and became less noteworthy. In the light of these observations, we can assert that the tendency of individuals with high academic self-efficacy to cheat in academic contexts is lower even if they have a fear of negative evaluation.
XVI. YÜZYIL ŞAİR TEZKİRELERİNDE ARAPÇA MESELLERİN KULLANIMI
Authors: ALZYOUT Hassan Abdallah
Published: September 2023

Arap-İslam kültürü ve edebiyatının klasik Türk edebiyatı üzerindeki etkisini gösteren konulardan biri, Arap mesellerinin Türkçe manzum ve mensur pek çok edebî eserde yer almasıdır. XVI. yüzyılda kaleme alınmış yedi şair tezkiresi Arap mesellerinin yer aldığı Türkçe eserlerdendir. XIV. yüzyılda başlayıp XV. yüzyıldan itibaren gelişmeye başlayan inşâ geleneğinin olgun örneklerinden sayılan bu tezkireleri tarayarak ve içindeki Arapça meselleri tespit edip inceleyerek bunların başta tezkireler olmak üzere klasik Türk edebiyatının mensur metinlerindeki yeri ve önemini vurgulama amacını güden bu çalışma, iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümünde; öncelikli olarak Arapça mesellerin nicelik analizine yer verilip bunların tezkirelerdeki kullanım biçimleri üzerinde durulduktan sonra bunlarla oluşturulan edebi sanatlar hakkında bilgi verilmeye gayret edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise, söz konusu tezkirelerde ortaya çıkan Arapça mesellerin hem orijinal ve Latin harfleriyle yazılmış hâli hem de Türkçeye tercümesi ve -varsa- kaynağı sunulmuştur.
Kurdish Mobilization in Turkey and Syria: A Comparison on Action Repertoires
Authors: AKSU Ali
Published: September 2023

In this article, the collective action repertoires of nationalist Kurds in Turkey and Syria between the years 1918-2018 are compared. This comparison is conducted based on the levels and forms of mobilization. Examples span a broad spectrum including rebellion, protests, legal politics, and mass mobilizations. The findings of the research reveal distinct differences in the action repertoires of the Kurdish conflicts in Turkey and Syria, and the level of violence also varies between the two countries. Employing a qualitative approach, this study uses a multi-case strategy and thematic analysis method. The objective of the study is to provide researchers with a conceptual and empirical framework concerning the action repertoires of Kurdish movements. The results obtained aim to enhance understanding of the repertoire of contention in non-Western societies.
Work-life balance and self-reported health of employees during the COVID- 19 pandemic: A case of a state university in the Philippines
Authors: Chavez Girlie B. , Cruz April Blass Dela , Bañas Jackie Len P.
Published: September 2023

This research attempts to investigate the work-life balance and self-reported health of Northern Iloilo State University (NISU) employees in Iloilo, Philippines, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a descriptive survey with a correlational design, an adapted survey questionnaire was administered across the seven campuses of NISU. Statistical analyses encompassed mean and standard deviation calculations, t-tests, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson’s r correlations. The study revealed that work-life balance, particularly in categories such as social wellness and emotional wellness, was consistently rated as "Very Good" across different variables (Age, Sex, and Administrative Function). Self-reported health, with categories encompassing excessive work demand, professional growth, role clarity, age, sex, and administrative functions, was generally perceived as "Good." Intriguingly, the findings demonstrated insignificance in social wellness and emotional wellness categories when considering various factors. However, there was significance noted in terms of emotional wellness concerning sex, while administrative function appeared not to be a significant factor for either social wellness or emotional wellness. The study underscores the significance of key officials' support during the pandemic and advocates for the establishment of mechanisms to assist faculty and staff in adapting to the evolving challenges of these times. Work-life balance and self-reported health emerged as significant factors, with a notable correlation between self-reported health and work-life balance (r = 0.581, Sig = 0.000).
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. A case report.
Authors: Ramos Escobedo Lhianella , Cando Endara Karen Lisbeth , Barrazueta Serrano Wendy Karina , Jaramillo Amaya Silvio David , Cabrera Rodriguez Hermes Miguel
Published: September 2023

This article's uniqueness focuses on diagnosing Leishmaniasis, with particular attention to clinical manifestations and demographic factors when skin smear microscopy reveals a negative result and molecular tests are unavailable to the professional. The clinical case concerns an adult patient presenting a hyperkeratotic lesion in the right temporomalar region and another ulcerative lesion in the right atrial pavilion. A smear of the lesion was requested, resulting in a negative. However, two months later, new ulcerative lesions appeared, and a new smear was carried out with a positive result. Treatment with intramuscular Glucantime was started once daily for 21 days. When no improvement of ulcerated lesions in the temporomalar area and pinna was observed, the route of administration was modified by adding intralesional Glucantime, with evident improvement in the clinical state. It is relevant to consider that identifying demographic risk factors and the natural history of the lesions can be determining aspects for the diagnosis, even when the cytological study is negative. It is essential to ensure an adequate technique of taking the test to avoid false negatives and the correct administration of the chosen medication.

Keywords: Leishmaniasis; cutaneous, glucantime.
Preferencia de oviposición de Leptophobia aripa (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) sobre plantas de Brassica oleracea var. Italica en diferentes estados fenológicos
Authors: Murillo Gomez José Julian , Giraldo Sánchez Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2023

Leptophobia aripa (Boisduval) is a limiting species in the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) in the neotropics since its larvae feed on leaves and inflorescences, causing losses to the entire harvest. Lack of knowledge regarding reproductive dynamics makes control difficult and increases production costs. Therefore, identifying critical moments of oviposition would help focus control efforts and prevent economic losses. This study evaluated the oviposition preference of L. aripa concerning the phenological stage of broccoli plants in a commercial crop on an integrated farm in El Santuario, Antioquia-Colom. Over 90 days, 10 staggered plantings were conducted each week for a total of 200 plants, which were monitored weekly for immature stages. The results suggest that females can lay eggs on plants of any age or phenological stage, but prefer young plants when all phenological stages are available. This information can be used to design management strategies focused on this phenological stage, thereby avoiding the use of insecticides near the harvest period and contamination of the final product before consumption.

Keywords: Behavior; Integrated Pest Management (IPM); Host plant; Monitoring; Clutch size
Quantitative and Qualitative Determination of Biofilm Formation Pattern in Multidrug Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii in Correlation with COVID-19 and Respiratory Infected Patients
Authors: sabah mutashar Shaymaa , Al-Mudallal Nada H. A. L. , Jawad Ridha Dunya
Published: September 2023

Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is one of the triggering factors that cause severe and life-threatening health problems. Acinetobacter baumannii frequently causes nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii encodes multiple virulence factors that contribute to chronic diseases, as well as antibiotic resistance; among them is the capacity to colonize and produce Biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces that is the primary source of worry in hospital environments. The study assessed the role of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation patterns caused by MDR A. baumannii between isolates from COVID-19 and respiratory-infected patients in Baghdad Medical City hospitals and Teaching laboratories. This study included isolating and identifying A. baumannii from the sputum samples of respiratory tract-infected patients. (some of them infected with COVID-19) . Diagnosis of isolates was done by conventional cultural, microscopical and biochemical methods and confirmed by API 20E and VITEK2 system. Investigation of the susceptibility profile of the isolates against 18 types of antibiotics was tested, and the determination of A. baumannii biofilm formation was recorded by qualitative and quantitative methods. Results showed that 36 bacterial isolates were identified as A. baumannii. Most isolates were resistant to antibiotics, including all penicillins and cephalosporins (including inhibitor combinations), fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, followed by carbapenems antibiotics.

In contrast, all isolates were susceptible to colistin (94.4%), followed by minocycline (36.1%), and the proportions of MDR, XDR, and PDR were 19.4%, 77.8 %, and 2.8 %, respectively. All isolates of A. baumannii showed biofilm formation (100%) by Quantitative method(MTP) and 91.6%. By the qualitative approach, we can conclude that there were no significant changes in biofilm values after 48 hours between groups with and without COVID-19 infection. However, there was a significant difference in adherence levels of bacteria between COVID-19 groups, with a higher proportion of solid adherence in the COVID-19 group compared to moderate adherence in the COVID-19-free group patients.

Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Biofilm formation patterns, COVID-19 and respiratory infected patients.
Efficacy of an educational program based on health belief model to enhancing weight control behaviors among employees in University of Mosul: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud , Bahlol Naji Arkan , Muwfaq Younis Nasir
Published: September 2023

Weight management is complex for most individuals, as indicated by the high numbers of obesity worldwide. Obesity has increased dramatically over the past decades. The study aims to determine the efficacy of an educational program based on the health belief model to improve weight control behaviors among overweight and obese employees at the University of Mosul. The study design is genuinely experimental, using the randomized controlled trial approach to enhance weight control behaviors among employees at the University of Mosul from January 10, 2021, to March 15, 2022. A probability simple random sample of 576 employees from faculties of different specializations was selected. The sample was chosen from a homogeneous group of 280 employees. Random selection and random assignment are used to create the experimental (40) and control group (40). The study results showed that in the pre-test, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in employee behaviors related to weight to control at a P-value (0.378). It showed an improvement in the behaviors of the study group toward weight control at (0.000) in the first and second post-tests. Also, the body mass index improved after three months for the experimental group at a P-value of 0.01. The researchers concluded that the intervention through the health beliefs model positively affected many health behaviors that affect weight maintenance.

Keywords: Efficacy, Health Belief Model, Weight, Behaviors.
The direct microscopic examination of somatic cell count to detect sub-clinical mastitis in cows of Diyala province
Authors: Kamil Awad Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Background Udder Inflammation is still one of the most significant economic issues that may affect milk production.

Methods: Several tests were used to detect the pH of milk, such as the aerial mastitis test, Whiteside test, chloride test, Bovi-mastitis test (Card test), Somatic cell count, and bacterial culturing.

Results showed that 32% of cows suffered abnormalities in the consistency of milk, whereas 68% of cows passed through subclinical mastitis. Furthermore, the results also showed that 80 % of cows were affected by Staph. Aureus, compared to other bacterial species

Conclusions: According to our findings, subclinical and clinical mastitis is significant in Diyala Province, and infectious and environmental pathogens are involved. Moreover, locally manufactured Arial mastitis test, Whiteside test, and the imported Bovi card test are appropriate tests for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Staph. Aureus was more prevalent than other inflammatory infections and ambient pathogens in cases of bovine mastitis.

Keywords: Detection; mastitis clinical and sub-clinical; Dairy cows; Diyala Province.
Endotoxin quality of ultrapure dialysis fluid for online hemodiafiltration in several hemodialysis centers
Authors: Raad Humudat Yasamen
Published: September 2023

Globally, the nephrology community is seeing a rise in the use of high-flux membranes and ultrapure water in hemodialysis (HD) machines. However, data on HD water quality could be more extensive in low- and middle-income countries. The Ministry of Health in Iraq issued a rule requiring a gradual modification in the HD water treatment system to adopt ultrapure water in all dialysis centers. The current study aimed to monitor the endotoxin of ultrapure dialysis fluid at several centers in Iraq and the clinical benefits of its use. This work evaluated the quality of ultrapure water used for dialysis in twenty-one dialysis centers within various Iraqi province hospitals. The samples were collected for 4 months from January to April 2022. Endotoxin tests in ultrapure dialysis fluid were measured by Gel Clot assay. Results showed an unacceptable difference in the ultrapure dialysis fluid's quality compared to the international standard (ANSI/AAMI/ISO-23500). Endotoxin levels in 33% of ultrapure dialysis fluid above 0.03 EU/ml, exceeding recommended international standards. The findings highlight the importance of assessing water quality in medical facilities to ensure patient safety and encourage sanitary monitoring of this procedure as a healthcare promoter.

Keywords: Ultrapure water; Hemodiafiltration; Dialysis fluid; Endotoxin; Public Health Reform.
Evaluation of the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of different extracts of Achillea odorata L.
Authors: Amira Hind , Benabdallah Hassiba , Mamache Walid , Benchikh Fatima , Ounis Roumaissa , Chawki Bensouissi , Amira Smain
Published: September 2023

The present study reports the chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Achillea odorata L. aerial parts of different extracts obtained using five solvents of varying polarities (decocted, hydro-ethanol, hydro-methanol, hydro-ethyl acetate and hydro-chloroform extracts). The chemical profile and the antioxidant potential were evaluated by measuring the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total tannin content, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging, reducing the power of FeCl3 and phenanthroline assays. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant potential were generally shown by the methanol extract (AME). AME exhibited the highest values for total polyphenols content (424.94 ± 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalent /g of dry extract), ABTS (13.46 ± 1.153 µg/mL), reducing the power of FeCl3 (9.918 ± 0.019 µg/mL) and phenanthroline (6.22 ±0.04 µg/mL). These results suggest that A. odorata L. possesses potential antioxidant compounds that could be tested as drug candidates against oxidative-related pathological processes.
Keywords: Achillea odorata L., Antioxidant activity, Free radical scavenging, Polyphenols, Reducing power.
The effect of Cocoa Fruits (Theobroma cacao L.) extracts on serum blood glucose levels in white rats (Rattusnovergicus)
Authors: Sudayasa I Putu , Alifariki La Ode , Salma Wa Ode , Iskandar DJ M.Reza , Tien Tien
Published: September 2023

Checking blood glucose levels supports healthy lifestyle and pattern changes to avoid foods that contain high glucose, which can increase blood glucose levels. This study aims to analyze the administration of cocoa pod extract (Theobroma cacao L.) to describe serum blood glucose levels in white rats (Rattusnovergicus). This study used an RCT (randomized controlled trial) design involving five groups of cocoa pod extract samples through an evaporation process using a rotary vacuum evaporator after going through the maceration process for 3 x 24 hours divided into three concentrations of 50 mg/Kg body wt, 100 mg/Kg body wt, 150 mg/Kg body wt. Furthermore, serum blood glucose levels will be measured on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after administration of metformin and waste extract of cocoa pod shell (Theobroma cacao L.). Analysis of the research data used a paired t-test. The results showed that the average fasting blood glucose levels of K1 rats (Mus musculus) to the average fasting glucose levels in K2, K3, K4, and K5, respectively, were as follows: 0.037 (p <0.05); 0.000 (p < 0.05); 0.028 (p < 0.05); and 0.015 (p <0.05). This shows that the average fasting blood glucose level is significantly different (p <0.05). The average fasting blood glucose levels of K2 (metformin group) to the average glucose levels in K3 (extract group 50 mg/kg body wt), K4 (extract group 100 mg/kg body wt), and K5 (extract group 150 mg/kg body wt) respectively are as follows: 0.157 (p > 0.05); 1.000 (p > 0.05); and 0.995 (p > 0.05). This shows that the average blood glucose levels between K2, K3, K4, and K5 did not differ significantly (p <0.05) after measuring cocoa pod extract for two days. Based on the results of data analysis from this experimental study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of giving cocoa pod extract (Theobroma cacao L.) on fasting blood glucose levels of mice (Mus musculus) with type 2 diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolemia model.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Cacao; Blood Glucose; Rats
Suitability of Flours and Gels From Crops Affected by Climate Change in Honduras: Crystallinity, Thermal, Dynamic Rheological and Textural Behavior
Authors: Calix-Rivera Caleb S. , Ronda Felicidad
Published: September 2023

In Honduras, various tubers, roots, and cereals are cultivated as starchy crops. The current climatic crisis affects these crops' productivity, leading to an increase in agricultural residue, resulting in food insecurity. Agricultural residues from these crops have the potential to be processed, marketed, and contribute to the regular diets of consumers. In addition to serving as an essential source of carbohydrates, these crops provide several nutrients and health benefits. This study aimed to characterize the flours and gels of Colocasia esculenta (taro), Manihot esculenta (cassava), and Zea mays (maize) in terms of crystallinity and thermal parameters for flours and dynamic rheological, firmness, and color behavior of gels. The relative crystallinity of the selected crop samples is reported. There were considerable variations in the thermal parameters among the three cultivars. All flour suspensions at different concentrations led to gels with solid-like behavior (G′ > G″) at 25 °C, with the highest consistency for maize gels at the same concentration. The Avrami mathematical model was effectively applied to analyze the firmness kinetics of taro, cassava, and maize gels stored at 4 °C. All properties characterized suggest that flours from these crops affected by climate change would be suitable ingredients in different food formulations.

Keywords: Food security; Climate change; Crystallinity; Thermal properties; Gel rheology.
Physicochemical, Hydration and Steady Shear Rheological Properties of Flours Derived From Different Crop Residues From the Honduran Agro–Food Industry
Authors: Calix-Rivera Caleb S. , Mendoza-Perez Rito J. , Rivera-Flores Octavio , Ronda Felicidad
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, hydration, and rheological characteristics of flours derived from different crop residues (taro, cassava, maize, and banana) affected by climate change in Honduras and to investigate their potential application in food processes. The physicochemical (moisture content, ash, protein, crude fat, starch, amylose content, and color), hydration (water absorption capacity (WAC), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling power (SP), true and bulk density), pasting (pasting temperature, peak, trough, breakdown, setback, and final viscosity), and rheological properties of the flours were evaluated. Taro flour had the highest values of ash content, WAI and SP and the lowest for crude fat, amylose content, bulk density and peak, breakdown, setback viscosity and consistency index. Cassava flour had the highest breakdown viscosity and flow behavior index values and the lowest for protein content, hysteresis loop area, yield stress, and consistency index. Maize flour had the highest crude fat, protein, and amylose content, bulk density, WAC, setback viscosity, hysteresis loop area, and yield stress, and the lowest values were for ash, protein content, WSI, pasting temperature, breakdown viscosity, and flow behavior index. Banana flour had the highest starch, carbohydrate, WSI, pasting temperature, peak viscosity and consistency index, and the lowest value for protein content, WAI and SP. The study's results have determined the compositional value and functionality of the flours obtained from the agro-residues studied for their potential use in different food products.

Keywords: Crop residues flour; Food security; Change climatic; physicochemical characterization; steady shear
Tinea unguium caused by Epidermophyton floccosum
Authors: Zúniga Bersy , Arita-Ramos Maihly , Acevedo-Almendárez Lilia , García-Chávez Jorge , Ponce-Mejía Dylan , Fontecha Gustavo , Ortiz Bryan
Published: September 2023

Onychomycosis is believed to be responsible for up to 50% of nail diseases, and its prevalence is estimated to be 10% worldwide. Tinea unguium, often known as onychomycosis, is one of the most essential dermatophytosis, with the genus Epidermophyton among the causative agents. Currently, E. floccosum is the only representative species of its genus. This fungus has been described as an anthropophilic dermatophyte with a very uneven distribution worldwide. This report presents the case of a 49-year-old patient with Tinea unguium caused by E. floccosum. This clinical image represents valuable information for educational purposes, as it can contribute to the knowledge and better understanding of dermatophytoses and promote learning among healthcare personnel. We believe this description would contribute to expanding our understanding of the epidemiology of dermatophytoses, particularly those caused by E. floccosum. This is the first molecular characterization of E. floccosum as an etiological agent of Tinea unguium in Honduras.
Synthesis and characterization of seed-based Carbon Black Agglomerates: Application as sorbent material using a novel microextraction technique for dexamethasone in urine sample determination
Authors: Ordoñez López E.M. , García Y.N. Baca , Ordoñez Trochez F.A. , Barahona Montes K.A. , Rodríguez Rivas F.A , Ponce-Rodriguez H.D.
Published: September 2023

The growing development of Nanotechnology has allowed the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials with peculiar physicochemical properties. These nanomaterials have been applied in various scientific and industrial sectors. The present study established the synthesis of carbon black agglomerates (CBA) from waste vegetal materials as a source of renewable raw materials using a simple, fast, and effective procedure. Once this nanostructured material was obtained, several analytical techniques were applied to establish its main characteristics, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory analysis, and SEM imaging. The results of this characterization have made it possible to establish that these materials have properties that make them suitable for application as extracting sorbents in microextraction sample treatment techniques under the green analytical chemistry approach. In this study, we applied Pipette-tip SPE microextraction for pharmaceutical compound extraction studies, preparing extraction devices with less than five milligrams of the sorbent. The results showed high extraction percentages for compounds such as paracetamol, caffeine, diazepam, and dexamethasone. Finally, an application example of the last compound is presented, developing a procedure for its determination in urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) chromatographic analysis with high merit figures in terms of simplicity, high extraction efficiency, and environmental friendliness.

Keywords: carbon black; nanostructured material; olive seed; microextraction; biological samples
Teenage pregnancy and Violence: A current public health problem.
Authors: Fuentes-Barahona Itzel Carolina , Sierra-Santos Manuel Antonio , Ivania Zambrano Lysien , Espinoza- Turcios Eleonora , Espinoza-Salvadó Iván Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Every year, an estimated 21 million teenage girls aged 15–19 years become pregnant, and at least 777,000 births occur to adolescent girls younger than 15 years in developing countries. 1 Latin America has the world's second highest teenage pregnancy rate, with about 18 % of births to mothers under 20. Each year, one and a half million adolescent women aged 15 and 19 have babies in the region.2 Injuries, Violence, self-harm, and maternal conditions are the leading causes of death among adolescents and young adults. Pregnant teenagers are prime targets of different types of Violence. Violence and adolescent pregnancy are public health problems and risk factors for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) prioritizes ending Violence against girls and child marriage.3,4
Utilización de macroalgas para la inducción de mecanismos defensivos ante agentes fitopatógenos causantes de enfermedades foliares en hortalizas
Authors: Edwin Pallo , Michel Leiva-Mora , Walter Veloz , Rita Santana
Published: September 2023

The production of vegetables worldwide has grown substantially, which has caused the demand for resources used to produce food to increase. Such is the case that nowadays, the use of pesticides for the production and management of different crops has become indispensable, causing a series of conflicts in nature, such as contamination of soil, water and air, making it a problem to be addressed. For this reason, different studies have been directed in the search for new alternatives for crop management, which involve the use of alternative products, one of them is algae extracts; these extracts have shown to have a wide variety of functions that contribute significantly to improve productivity without causing negative impacts on the environment. Among the benefits of using macroalgae extracts are the biostimulant activity, improvement of plant development, increase of water retention capacity, and activation of acquired resistance systems, among others, allowing the production of healthy food with less impact on the environment through the use of a renewable marine resource, which is currently available on the planet, becoming an essential productive alternative.

Keywords: macroalgae extracts, effects, production, pathogens, elicitors, resistance systems.
Actividad antimicrobiana de extractos de ramas de Hedyosmum cuatrecazanum Occhioni (Chloranthaceae)
Authors: Lucena-de Ustariz María E. , Ustáriz-Fajardo Francisco J. , Cáceres-Manzano Verónica P. , Prato José
Published: September 2023

The genus Hedyosmum (Chloranthaceae) consists of 45 species. In Ecuador, this genus presents 16 endemic species of the high cloud forest and subpáramos of the country's south. The objective was to determine the antimicrobial activity of hexanic and ethanolic extracts from branches of Hedyosmum cuatrecazanum Occhioni., from the Ecuadorian Andes against microorganisms of clinical importance. The fresh branches of H. cuatrecazanum Occhioni. They were obtained from the natural forest of Jacarón, province of Chimborazo - Ecuador; they were dried (in an oven at 38ºC x 3 days) and then crushed. Plant material (200 gr) was placed in Erlenmeyer flasks (1000 mL with 500 mL) of Hexane or Ethanol, 72h (19oC+/-2). Subsequently, each extract was filtered and subjected to rotary evaporation (55°C), and stored at (4°C) in the dark. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were studied by diffusion in agar and minimum inhibitory concentration, starting from dilutions with dimethyl sulfoxide. Both extracts showed activity against most Gram-negative bacteria, but only against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Candida strains showed variable susceptibility to hexanic extracts but not to ethanolic ones. The studied extracts of Hedyosmum cuatrecazanum Occhioni., show variable antimicrobial potential against microorganisms of clinical importance.
Keywords: Hedyosmum cuatrecazanum Occhioni, antibacterials, antifungals, extracts, minimum inhibitory concentration.