bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The economic resilience of a city: the effect of relatedness on the survival of amenity shops during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jun Bogang , Jara-Figueroa C , Yu Donghyeon
Published: September 2022

Amenity clusters consisting of coffee shops, restaurants and other small businesses improve urban life and are a source of employment for city dwellers. Although most small business clusters were hit hard by restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, some were able to adapt. What determines the economic resilience of amenity clusters? Using store-location data for Seoul from 2016 to 2021, we identify spatial clusters of amenities, and from that build an amenity space to examine the effect of relatedness on the resilience of each cluster. We find that businesses are more likely to survive when located in clusters of related amenities.
Peritoneal dialysis for acute kidney injury: back on the front-line
Authors: Cullis Brett
Published: September 2022

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) for acute kidney injury (AKI) has been available for nearly 80 years and has been through periods of use and disuse largely determined by availability of other modalities of kidney replacement therapy and the relative enthusiasm of clinicians. In the past 10 years there has been a resurgence in the use of acute PD globally, facilitated by promotion of PD for AKI in lower resource countries by nephrology organizations effected through the Saving Young Lives program and collaborations with the World Health Organisation, the development of guidelines standardizing prescribing practices and finally the COVID-19 pandemic.

This review highlights the history of PD for AKI and looks at misconceptions about efficacy as well as the available evidence demonstrating that acute PD is a safe and lifesaving therapy with comparable outcomes to other modalities of treatment.
The Interplay Among Savings Accounts and Network-Based Financial Arrangements: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Comola Margherita , Prina Silvia
Published: September 2022

This paper studies how formal financial access affects network-based financial arrangements. We use a field experiment that granted access to a savings account to a random subset of households in 19 Nepalese villages. Exploiting a unique panel dataset that follows all bilateral informal financial transactions before and after the intervention, we show that households that were offered access to an account increased their loans and total transfers to others, independent of the treatment status of the receiver. The increase seemed to be driven by treatment households with more assets and greater financial inclusion at baseline.
Materfamilias: the association of mother’s work on children’s absolute income mobility, Southern Sweden (1947–2015)
Authors: Brea-Martinez Gabriel
Published: September 2022

This article examines the association of mothers’ income with children’s economic mobility in a period of increased women’s labor market participation in Sweden. I found that whether a mother was economically independent and had an income similar to that of the father during her children’s late childhood and adolescence positively associated with upward mobility. The results show a substantial association of mother’s income position to their daughters’ mobility, but not for sons’. Among the primary mechanisms, I argue that extra resources from mothers helped human capital investment through education and that mothers influenced daughters by a gendered role model.
Effectiveness of a community intervention to reduce social isolation among older people in low-income neighbourhoods
Authors: Lapena C , Continente X , Sánchez Mascuñano A , Mari dell’Olmo M , López M J
Published: September 2022

Background

Social and demographic trends show a global increase of proportion of older people at risk of social isolation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention conducted in low-income neighbourhoods to reduce social isolation and its negative effects on health in older persons.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study with a comparison group was performed. The ‘School of Health for Older People’ is a weekly community intervention that promotes resources among individuals and communities to enhance their ability to identify problems and activate solutions, encouraging community participation. Data were collected at the beginning and at the end of the intervention. Social support, psychological morbidity and health-related quality of life were measured through questionnaires information on visits to the primary care centre was obtained from the electronic medical records of primary care centres. Multivariate regression models were conducted to assess changes after the intervention.

Results

A total of 135 participants were included in the study. The intervention helped to improve participants’ mental health (aPR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23–0.90) comparing with the comparison group. Also, the intervention helped to maintain quality of life and social support, which were worsened or maintained respectively in the case of comparison group.

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence on how a community intervention can improve quality of life, mental health and social support in older people. The evidence can help to fill the knowledge gap in this area and might be especially useful for the design of social and public health policies and programmes for older people in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in urban areas.

Trial registration

NCT03142048
Purifying selection enduringly acts on the sequence evolution of highly expressed proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Shibai Atsushi , Kotani Hazuki , Sakata Natsue , Furusawa Chikara , Tsuru Saburo
Published: September 2022

The evolutionary speed of a protein sequence is constrained by its expression level, with highly expressed proteins evolving relatively slowly. This negative correlation between expression levels and evolutionary rates (known as the E–R anticorrelation) has already been widely observed in past macroevolution between species from bacteria to animals. However, it remains unclear whether this seemingly general law also governs recent evolution, including past and de novo, within a species. However, the advent of genomic sequencing and high-throughput phenotyping, particularly for bacteria, has revealed fundamental gaps between the 2 evolutionary processes and has provided empirical data opposing the possible underlying mechanisms which are widely believed. These conflicts raise questions about the generalization of the E–R anticorrelation and the relevance of plausible mechanisms. To explore the ubiquitous impact of expression levels on molecular evolution and test the relevance of the possible underlying mechanisms, we analyzed the genome sequences of 99 strains of Escherichia coli for evolution within species in nature. We also analyzed genomic mutations accumulated under laboratory conditions as a model of de novo evolution within species. Here, we show that E–R anticorrelation is significant in both past and de novo evolution within species in E. coli. Our data also confirmed ongoing purifying selection on highly expressed genes. Ongoing selection included codon-level purifying selection, supporting the relevance of the underlying mechanisms. However, the impact of codon-level purifying selection on the constraints in evolution within species might be smaller than previously expected from evolution between species.
Genome-wide association studies of Striga resistance in extra-early maturing quality protein maize inbred lines
Authors: Okunlola Gbemisola , Badu-Apraku Baffour , Ariyo Omolayo , Agre Paterne , Offernedo Queen , Ayo-Vaughan Moninuola
Published: September 2022

Identification of genes associated with Striga resistance is invaluable for accelerating genetic gains in breeding for Striga resistance in maize. We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with grain yield and other agronomic traits under artificial Striga field infestation. One hundred and forty-one extra-early quality protein maize inbred lines were phenotyped for key agronomic traits. The inbred lines were also genotyped using 49,185 DArTseq markers from which 8,143 were retained for population structure analysis and genome wide-association study. Cluster analysis and population structure revealed the presence of 3 well-defined genetic groups. Using the mixed linear model, 22 SNP markers were identified to be significantly associated with grain yield, Striga damage at 10 weeks after planting, number of emerged Striga plants at 8 and 10 weeks after planting and ear aspect. The identified SNP markers would be useful for breeders for marker-assisted selection to accelerate the genetic enhancement of maize for Striga resistance in sub-Saharan Africa after validation.
Fox in the henhouse: The delegation of regulatory and privacy enforcement to big tech
Authors: Bendix William , MacKay Jon
Published: September 2022

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) requires tech giants to identify and remove apps from their platforms that use deceitful sales tactics or violate user privacy. Tech giants have often resisted FTC orders because policing diminishes their profits. But while some firms have eventually complied with FTC demands, other firms have continued to shirk enforcement at the risk of escalating fines. What accounts for these different responses? Examining Apple, Google and Facebook, we find that tech giants willingly police consumer fraud but not consumer privacy violations. Failures to police fraud have led to public complaints and negative press attention, while failures to police data breaches often go undetected by users, the media and thus the FTC. We conclude that tech giants can act as effective regulatory agents on the government's behalf, but only when they police activities they cannot conceal.
Arresting the Opposition: Labor Repression and Trade Liberalization in Developing Countries
Authors: Dean Adam
Published: September 2022

At the turn of the twenty-first century, why did country after country in the developing world open their economies to the global market? This paper argues that increases in democracy were more likely to lead to trade liberalization when governments violated workers’ basic rights to act collectively. Democracy empowered pro-trade domestic groups and therefore had the potential to lead to trade liberalization, but respect for labor rights empowered protectionist labor unions to launch protests and strikes that hampered such reforms. This paper supports these arguments with a multimethod approach that combines quantitative analysis of data from 126 developing countries from 1985 to 2010 with qualitative case studies of Argentina and Mexico. In general, the empirical evidence suggests that democracy and labor repression often worked together to facilitate the process of trade liberalization in developing countries.
In Vitro Metabolic Fate of the Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists 2F-QMPSB and SGT-233 Including Isozyme Mapping and Carboxylesterases Activity Testing
Authors: Richter Matthias J , Wagmann Lea , Brandt Simon D , Meyer Markus R
Published: September 2022

Quinolin-8-yl 3-(4,4-difluoropiperidine-1-sulfonyl)-4-methylbenzoate (2F-QMPSB) and 3-(4,4-difluoropiperidine-1-sulfonyl)-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)benzamide (SGT-233) belong to a new group of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists containing a sulfamoyl benzoate or sulfamoyl benzamide core structure. 2F-QMPSB was identified in herbal material seized in Europe in 2018. The aims of this study were the identification of in vitro Phase I and II metabolites of 2F-QMPSB and SGT-233 to find analytical targets for toxicological screenings. Furthermore, the contribution of different monooxygenases and human carboxylesterases to Phase I metabolism was investigated. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used for analysis. Ester hydrolysis was found to be an important step in the metabolism of 2F-QMPSB, which was catalyzed mainly by human carboxylesterases (hCES)1 isoforms. Additionally, nonenzymatic ester hydrolysis was observed in case of 2F-QMPSB. Notably, the carboxylic acid product derived from ester hydrolysis and metabolites thereof were only detectable in negative ionization mode. In case of SGT-233, mono- and dihydroxy metabolites were identified, as well as glucuronides. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were found to be involved in the hydroxylation of both compounds. The results of these in vitro experiments suggest that the ester hydrolysis products of 2F-QMPSB and their glucuronides are suitable targets for toxicological screenings. In the case of SGT-233, the mono- and dihydroxy metabolites were identified as suitable screening targets. The involvement of various CYP isoforms in the metabolism of both substances reduces the likelihood of drug–drug interactions due to CYP inhibition.
The molecular mechanisms of mammalian sperm maturation regulated by NELL2-ROS1 lumicrine signaling
Authors: Kiyozumi Daiji
Published: September 2022

In terrestrial vertebrates, spermatozoa generated in the testis are transported through the reproductive tract toward outside the body. In addition to as the pathway of sperm transport, the male reproductive tract also functions as the site of post-testicular sperm maturation and the epididymis, which constitutes the majority of male reproductive tract, and plays central roles in such a sperm maturation. Recent studies with gene-modified animals have been unveiling not only the molecular mechanisms of sperm maturation in the epididymis but also the regulatory system by which the epididymis acquires and executes sperm-maturing functions. In this review, the mechanisms of mammalian sperm maturation will be summarized, based on recent findings, including the lumicrine regulation of sperm maturation.
Fibroblast subsets in non-small cell lung cancer: Associations with survival, mutations, and immune features
Authors: Pellinen Teijo , Paavolainen Lassi , Martín-Bernabé Alfonso , Papatella Araujo Renata , Strell Carina , Mezheyeuski Artur , Backman Max , La Fleur Linnea , Brück Oscar , Sjölund Jonas , Holmberg Erik , Välimäki Katja , Brunnström Hans , Botling Johan , Moreno-Ruiz Pablo , Kallioniemi Olli , Micke Patrick , Östman Arne
Published: September 2022

Background

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are molecularly heterogeneous mesenchymal cells that interact with malignant cells and immune cells and confer anti- and protumorigenic functions. Prior in situ profiling studies of human CAFs have largely relied on scoring single markers, thus presenting a limited view of their molecular complexity. Our objective was to study the complex spatial tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple CAF biomarkers, identify novel CAF subsets, and explore their associations with patient outcome.

Methods

Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to spatially profile the CAF landscape in 2 population-based NSCLC cohorts (n = 636) using antibodies against 4 fibroblast markers: platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) and -beta (PDGFRB), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA). The CAF subsets were analyzed for their correlations with mutations, immune characteristics, and clinical variables as well as overall survival.

Results

Two CAF subsets, CAF7 (PDGFRA-/PDGFRB+/FAP+/αSMA+) and CAF13 (PDGFRA+/PDGFRB+/FAP-/αSMA+), showed statistically significant but opposite associations with tumor histology, driver mutations (tumor protein p53 [TP53] and epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]), immune features (programmed death-ligand 1 and CD163), and prognosis. In patients with early stage tumors (pathological tumor-node-metastasis IA-IB), CAF7 and CAF13 acted as independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Multimarker-defined CAF subsets were identified through high-content spatial profiling. The robust associations of CAFs with driver mutations, immune features, and outcome suggest CAFs as essential factors in NSCLC progression and warrant further studies to explore their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This study also highlights multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry–based CAF profiling as a powerful tool for the discovery of clinically relevant CAF subsets.
The Andromeda gamma-ray excess: background systematics of the millisecond pulsars and dark matter interpretations
Authors: Zimmer Fabian , Macias Oscar , Ando Shin’ichiro , Crocker Roland M , Horiuchi Shunsaku
Published: September 2022

Since the discovery of an excess in gamma rays in the direction of M31, its cause has been unclear. Published interpretations focus on dark matter or stellar related origins. Studies of a similar excess in the Milky Way centre motivate a correlation of the spatial morphology of the signal with the distribution of stellar mass in M31. However, a robust determination of the best theory for the observed excess emission is challenging due to uncertainties in the astrophysical gamma-ray foreground model. We perform a spectro-morphological analysis of the M31 gamma-ray excess using state-of-the-art templates for the distribution of stellar mass in M31 and novel astrophysical foreground models for its sky region. We construct maps for the old stellar populations of M31 based on data from the PAndAS survey and carefully remove the foreground stars. We also produce improved astrophysical foreground models via novel image inpainting techniques based on machine learning methods. Our stellar maps, mimicking the location of a population of millisecond pulsars in the bulge of M31, reach a 5.4σ significance, making them as strongly favoured as the simple phenomenological models usually considered in the literature, e.g. disc-like templates. This detection is robust to generous variations of the astrophysical foreground model. Once the stellar templates are included in the astrophysical model, we show that the dark matter annihilation interpretation of the signal is unwarranted. We demonstrate that about one million unresolved millisecond pulsars naturally explain the observed gamma-ray luminosity per stellar mass, energy spectrum, and stellar bulge-to-disc flux ratio.
A reduced speed-of-light formulation of the magnetohydrodynamic-particle-in-cell method
Authors: Ji Suoqing , Hopkins Philip F
Published: September 2022

A reduced speed-of-light (RSOL) approximation is a useful technique for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. With an RSOL, some ‘in-code’ speed-of-light $\tilde{c}$ is set to much lower values than the true c, allowing simulations to take larger time-steps (which are restricted by the Courant condition given the large CR speeds). However, due to the absence of a well-formulated RSOL implementation from the literature, with naive substitution of the true c with a RSOL, the CR properties in MHD-PIC simulations (e.g. CR energy or momentum density, gyro radius) vary artificially with respect to each other and with respect to the converged ($\tilde{c} \rightarrow c$) solutions, with different choices of a RSOL. Here, we derive a new formulation of the MHD-PIC equations with an RSOL and show that (1) it guarantees all steady-state properties of the CR distribution function, and background plasma/MHD quantities are independent of the RSOL $\tilde{c}$ even for $\tilde{c} \ll c$; (2) it ensures that the simulation can simultaneously represent the real physical values of CR number, mass, momentum, and energy density; (3) it retains the correct physical meaning of various terms like the electric field; and (4) it ensures the numerical time-step for CRs can always be safely increased by a factor $\sim c/\tilde{c}$. This new RSOL formulation should enable greater self-consistency and reduced CPU cost in simulations of CR–MHD interactions.
Type-B QPOs in the black hole source H1743–322 and their association with Comptonization region and Jet
Authors: Harikrishna S , Sriram K
Published: September 2022

The connection of type-B quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) to the hot flow in the inner accretion disc region is vaguely understood in black hole X-ray binaries. We performed spectral and timing studies of 23 observations where type-C and type-B QPOs with similar centroid frequencies (∼6 Hz) occurred. Their spectral differences were used to understand the production mechanism of type-B QPOs, along with the quasi-simultaneous radio observations. Based on the spectral results, we did not notice many variations in the Comptonization parameters and the inner disc radius during type-C and type-B QPOs. We found that the structure of the Comptonization region has to be different for observations associated with type-C and type-B QPOs based on the CompTT model. Radio flux density versus QPO width, soft to hard flux ratio, and QPO width versus inner disc temperature, were found to follow certain trends, suggesting that a jet could be responsible for the type-B QPOs in H1743–322. Further studies are required to uniquely constrain this scenario. In a case study where a gradual transition from type-C to type-B QPO was noticed, we found that the spectral changes could be explained by the presence of a jet or a vertically extended optically thick Comptonization region. The geometrical Lense–Thirring precession model with a hot flow and a jet in the inner region was incorporated to explain the spectral and timing variations.
Combining Rosetta’s GIADA and MIDAS data: morphological versus dynamical properties of dust at 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Longobardo A , Mannel T , Kim M , Fulle M , Rotundi A , Della Corte V , Rinaldi G , Lasue J , Merouane S , Cottin H , Ciarniello M , Dirri F , Palomba E
Published: September 2022

We related morphological (size/shape) and dynamical properties of the dust ejected from the 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko comet by combining data from two instruments onboard the ESA's Rosetta mission, i.e. the MIDAS atomic force microscope and the GIADA dust detector. The two instruments detected dust of different size (10−6–10−5 and 10−4–10−3 m, respectively). MIDAS detected dust in four periods, three during the inbound orbit arc (2014 September–November; 2014 December– 2015 February; 2015 February–March) and one corresponding to a post-perihelion outburst (2016 February 19). For these periods, we analysed the dust particles’ spatial distribution on the MIDAS targets to obtain the number of parent particles hitting the instrument by means of an empirical procedure and to measure the corresponding dust flux. For the same periods, we retrieved the dust flux measured by GIADA. The ratio between the two dust fluxes is constant. By coupling this result with activity models, we inferred that the particles detected by MIDAS are fragments of hundreds-micron- to mm-sized particles detected by GIADA. In addition, the similar dust flux ratios between nominal activity and outburst indicates that the outburst did not include micro- and nano-sized dust, differently from other outbursts previously observed. Dust and surface properties were related by applying a traceback algorithm to GIADA data to retrieve the source regions of dust ejected in different periods. We did not detect variations of morphological properties between dust ejected from more and less processed terrains, concluding that compact dust particles (detected by MIDAS) have the same properties across the comet surface.
Two-step screening for depressive symptoms in patients treated with kidney replacement therapies: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Dano Sumaya , Lan Haoyue Helena , Macanovic Sara , Bartlett Susan , Howell Doris , Li Madeline , Hanmer Janel , Peipert John Devin , Novak Marta , Mucsi Istvan
Published: September 2022

Background

Systematic screening for depressive symptoms may identify patients who may benefit from clinical assessment and psychosocial support. Here we assess a two-step screening using ultrabrief pre-screeners [Edmonton Symptom Assessment Survey–revised Depression item (ESASr-D) or Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)] followed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression questionnaire (PROMIS-D) to identify depressive symptoms in patients on kidney replacement therapies.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults (kidney transplant recipients or treated with dialysis) in Toronto, ON, Canada. We simulated various two-step screening scenarios where only patients above a pre-screening cut-off score on the ESASr-D or PHQ-2 would move to step 2 (PROMIS-D). Screening performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as the referent. The average number of items completed by patients in different scenarios was reported.

Results

Of 480 participants, 60% were male with a mean age of 55 years. Based on PHQ-9, 19% of patients had moderate or severe depressive symptoms. Pre-screening with a PHQ-2 score ≥1 combined with a PROMIS-D score of ≥53 provided the best two-step results (sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.84, NPV 0.95). Two-step screening also reduces question burden.

Conclusions

A two-step screening using a PHQ-2 score ≥1 followed by a PROMIS-D score ≥53 has good sensitivity and specificity for identifying potentially significant depressive symptoms among patients on kidney replacement therapies. This approach has lower question burden. Screened-in patients will need further clinical assessment to establish a diagnosis.
Competitive Arousal: Sources, Effects, and Implications
Authors: Ku Gillian , Adam Marc T. P.
Published: September 2022

Competition and competitive contexts inherently contain elements that generate arousal (sympathetic activation of the autonomic system). In addition to the arousal experienced from competing against another person(s), other elements in competitive contexts, such as time pressure, audience effects, competing for scarce and/or valued items, etc., can create arousal. This chapter elaborates on how competition and competitive contexts can generate arousal, which then affects decision making. Simultaneously, the authors discuss how arousal that is independent of the competitive context can have similar decision-making effects. On one hand, arousal can facilitate and improve decision making. On the other hand, it can impair sound and rational decision making. This chapter gives an overview of the concept of competitive arousal by providing a review of what is known about the nature of competitive arousal, the factors that influence its emergence, moderators, and its effects on decision making. The authors conclude with several open questions as well as a general discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of competitive arousal in different decision making contexts.
The Line between W. E. B. Du Bois and Karl Marx
Authors: Itzigsohn José
Published: September 2022

W. E. B. Du Bois was a social theorist who developed an original theoretical and methodological approach, at the center of which was the analysis of racial and colonial capitalism and the critique of racialized modernity. For him, capitalism was a global social formation based on colonial relations and the exploitation of racialized labor. The analysis of capitalism was not restricted to class and class struggle but also focused on questions pertaining to the humanity of the colonized and racialized. Capitalism was racial and colonial; modernity was racialized modernity. Du Bois’s methodological approach was rooted in lived experience and in history, and his analysis of racial and colonial capitalism always interrogated its global and historical forms. The goal of this analysis was to dismantle colonialism and the global color line. As a result, the study of race could not be separated from the study of colonialism—nor could the struggle against racism be separated from the struggle against colonialism.
Du Bois’s Peace Movement beyond the Color Line
Authors: Honda Kazuhisa
Published: September 2022

This chapter demonstrates that during the twentieth century, W. E. B. Du Bois was a major international peace activist who opposed war and advocated the disarmament of nuclear weapons across the globe. As a leading scholar and activist, Du Bois revealed the links between war and white supremacy. He demonstrated that wars stemmed from the systematic, racist, and militaristic capitalist strategies of Western countries who aggressively and violently colonized nonwhite nations globally for economic exploitation. Following World War II, Du Bois’s commitment to world peace grew stronger, as he regarded atomic bombs as a global risk. In an effective collaboration with labor unions and socialist-affiliated organizations worldwide, Du Bois’s networks for peace and democracy pressured the US government by exposing the hypocrisy of racist and militaristic US policies that led to the sacrifice of welfare and education for US citizens. This chapter discusses how the US government attacked Du Bois for his stance against nuclear war and how Du Bois was uncritical of the Soviet Union’s role in the nuclear arms race. It is demonstrated that Du Bois was unquestionably a consequential peace activist, even though this activism has not received the attention it deserves.
The Philippine Popular Music Industry
Authors: Buenconsejo José S.
Published: September 2022

The relationship between technology and music production (or its corollary consumption) is unquestionably one of a means and end of utility. This commonly understood assumption, however, needs to be addressed more adequately by considering the notion that music production and consumption are fundamentally active human processes within a nest of social material conditions, technology being an important component. These provide a context, social and cultural in the first instance, by which musical acts or performances are deemed significant through time. This chapter explores some of these conditions in the Philippine popular music industries, particularly by examining the entry of various music technologies that moved the priorities of the industries to certain ends, and that consequently rippled through in the busy-ness of musicians, as they flowed into and engaged with them. Musical idioms resulted from the flows. Because there is no comprehensive research on this topic to date, it is only expedient to offer a broad view to the problem from a cultural historical standpoint.
Beyond the Barriers
Authors: Veth Peter , McDonald Jo , Hiscock Peter
Published: September 2022

This article re-envisages the human settlement of Australia’s deserts. It makes a case for their early occupation at the continental scale (a) by c. 60 ka; (b) during an early wet phase; (c) with rapid expansion of people; (d) relying on water features; and (e) showing changes through time in response to changing regional conditions. It is now well established that Australia’s deserts are as diverse as they are extensive and that ‘behavioural dynamism’ provides a better explanatory framework for arid zone social organization than ‘cultural conservatism’. Conceptual building blocks to explain desert settlement have included the process of human biogeography, the role of cryptic refugia in providing wide-scale foraging networks, and shifts in mobility in response to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and other climatic events. The models which have emphasized different characteristics and scales of change in desert societies include peoples’ responses to ‘glacial refugia’, ‘desert transformations’, ‘water distribution’, and ‘cryptic refugia’. The article synthesizes new archaeological results and climate data from key sites across Australia’s deserts. The authors propose a new model for the settlement of Australia’s arid zone based on new climatic and archaeological data and finer-grained ecological and social approaches.
Spinoza’s Failed Rhetoric of a Supposedly Inconspicuous Transition to Secularity
Authors: Beiner Ronald
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to trace rhetorical misjudgments in Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise. For instance, Spinoza’s revelation in Letter 30 (written to Henry Oldenburg) that one of the things motivating him to write the Theological-Political Treatise was setting to rest popular conceptions of him as an atheist suggests that his efforts to blunt or muffle the radicalness of his challenges to conventional religion were rhetorically much less effective than he may have hoped. He deploys “devices of prudence” such as conventional images of God, revelation, and prophecy that he knows to be sub-philosophical, but seems to underestimate the capacity of his readers to see through these devices. But it is not my view that such rhetorical misjudgments (if that is what they were) were a bad thing. On the contrary, this chapter suggests that Spinoza’s overestimation of the efficacy of his prudential devices, and corresponding underestimation of how readers would react to his work, made it possible for him (whether he intended it or not) to deliver a truly radical work that contributed decisively to the origins of the Enlightenment. Would he have done this if he had more correctly judged the rhetorical impact?
Denazification
Authors: Gross Daniel M.
Published: September 2022

This chapter takes up the challenge that emotional rhetoric is inappropriate to politics. The first move of the argument is genealogical, as it revisits a postwar concern about emotional rhetoric summarized under “denazification.” Then, the dominant philosophical rejoinders represented by Jürgen Habermas and Martha Nussbaum (following Rawls) are contrasted with a different rhetorical tradition available under “political pathology,” which indexes the basic rhetorical structure of politics beyond techniques for rabble-rousing. Finally, the recent “affective turn” proper, along with a variety of philosophical projects meant to tame emotion for political purposes, is briefly sketched through this alternative rhetorical tradition in order to demonstrate what sort of new analytic possibilities thereby become available.
Giving Voice to Spectralism in the Music of Donnacha Dennehy
Authors: Grimes Nicole
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the music of Donnacha Dennehy in terms of Irish identity and spectralism. It discusses how aspects of spectralism helped adopt the voice of Iarla Ó Lionáird and the sean-nós song tradition in Grá agus Bás and The Hunger, invoking Julia Kristeva’s discussion of the “mother tongue” and Roland Barthe’s “grain of the voice.” It also discusses the political and ethical dimensions of works including The Dark Places, and That the Night Come. It closes with a discussion of how Tesselatum reflects the distinctive and changing light in the Irish landscape. These works each integrate spectral elements with aspects of Irish identity.
Liminality and the Voice in the Works of Peter Ablinger
Authors: Flore Rebecca
Published: September 2022

This chapter expands on the discourse on spectral music’s concern with liminality, focusing on sound artist Peter Ablinger’s use of recorded speech as compositional object. Following an expository section that situates Quadraturen and Voices and Piano within the (post-)spectral lineage, this chapter splits into two main sections, each dealing with a different kind of liminality. In the first of these the chapter concentrates on the line between speech and music, highlighting some perceptual characteristics of each category and then exploring the ways in which they are blended in each of Ablinger’s works individually. The chapter then shifts its focus to a more conceptual kind of liminality, focusing on the technologically mediated voice’s subjectivity and object-ness—issues stemming from the voice’s divorce from its original body and its reconfiguration in these new musical contexts.
Ezekiel and Politics
Authors: Nevader Madhavi
Published: September 2022

Already set in the Babylonian exile, the book of Ezekiel functions above all as an unremitting justification for the present and a radical vision for the future of YHWH and the nation, Israel. Politics plays an integral role in this theological project. Reflecting at length on the nation’s political past, present, and future, Ezekiel conforms on one level to a traditional pattern of royal condemnation turn royal restoration common to many texts in our prophetic corpus. On another, the book displays a profound agnosticism regarding the theological function and future of human kingship, pitting YHWH’s claims of divine sovereignty against all iterations of human rule. The book’s ongoing use and subversion of political language, as well as its sustained interest in manifestation of royal rule, suggests that its theological revisionism takes in the very nature of political rule itself. As such, the book, especially its final Temple Vision (Ezek 40–48), may contribute to ongoing discussions of political theology and political theory in the Hebrew Bible.
Ezekiel and the Priestly Traditions
Authors: Cook Stephen L.
Published: September 2022

Ezekiel’s book interacts with several Israelite priestly traditions. It draws, as well, on literary presentations of priestly and quasi-priestly activity. It relies particularly on the traditions of a Jerusalem priesthood known as the Zadokites but is also in conversation with the thinking and theology of other key priestly lineages, specifically Aaronides and Levites. The overview begins by outlining the major priestly tradition complexes with which Ezekiel’s book dialogs: that found in E, Hosea, Deuteronomy, and Jeremiah; that found in the Priestly Torah material (PT) and the latter sections of Isaiah; and that found in the Holiness Stratum (HS) material and in Ezekiel itself. The essay then turns to specific examples of how Ezekiel’s book relates to preceding priestly tradition. The book models its presentation of the prophet and his actions based on priestly traits of Elijah and Elisha in the Deuteronomistic History. It has its own Zadokite emphas Cook, Stephen L. “Chapter 1 holiness as a life-force, a perspective comparable to that in the Elijah and Elisha legends. So too, Ezekiel has its own perspective on the centrality of YHWH’s land in covenantal dynamics, a perspective differing from that of other priesthoods. Further, in contrast to alternative priestly positions, Ezekiel maintains a view of God’s holiness permeating God’s land. Finally, while the Aaronide theology of PT and Isaiah emphasizes God’s promises to the ancestors, Ezekiel, like Deuteronomy, downplays the ancestral traditions.
Hume, Republicanism, and Relations to Posterity
Authors: O’Neill John , Salter John
Published: September 2022

Hume has a significant place in recent debates on the nature and extent of intergenerational justice. His claims about the circumstances of justice are taken to show that obligations to future generations cannot be obligations of justice: Non-reciprocity entails that the circumstances of justice described by Hume do not obtain across generations. In this chapter, the authors defend three claims. First, the authors argue that the readings of Hume’s texts that inform this view of Hume’s account of relations to future generations are mistaken. Second, the prevalence of this misreading of Hume’s theory is grounded in a failure to understand the practical and theoretical context of his account of relations to future generations, which is different from that which informs contemporary discussion of future generations. Third, the republican framing of relations and obligations to future generations which forms the background to Hume’s work offers a neglected perspective which warrants renewed consideration.
On Anscombe on Practical Knowledge and Practical Truth
Authors: Campbell Lucy
Published: September 2022

A central notion in Anscombe’s philosophy of action is that of practical knowledge, the formally distinctive knowledge a person has of what she is intentionally doing. Anscombe also discusses ‘practical truth’, an idea she borrows from Aristotle, and which on her interpretation is a kind of truth whose bearer is not thought or language, but action. What is the relationship between practical knowledge and practical truth? What we might call the Simple View of this relationship holds that practical knowledge is essentially and in all cases knowledge of practical truth. But the Simple View isn’t obviously available, since we have practical knowledge of all of our intentional actions, whereas an action manifests practical truth in Aristotle’s sense only if it is a case of doing or living well. The chapter suggests that we distinguish a thicker ethical version and a thinner purely action-theoretical version of each notion. This allows us to maintain a—complex—version of the Simple View, on which practical knowledge in the thick ethical sense is knowledge of practical truth in the thick ethical sense, and practical knowledge in the thin action-theoretical sense is knowledge of practical truth in the thin action-theoretical sense. Although Anscombe did not make these distinctions explicitly, the chapter argues that she nevertheless commits herself to them in her discussion.
Anscombe’s Three Theses after Sixty Years
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace
Published: September 2022

Anscombe begins her 1958 polemic ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ (MMP) by presenting three theses: (MMP1) We should stop doing moral philosophy, ‘at any rate until we have an adequate philosophy of psychology, in which we are conspicuously lacking’; (MMP2) We ought, ‘if this is psychologically possible’, to jettison the concepts of moral obligation, moral duty, the morally right, the morally wrong, and the moral ought; and (MMP3) ‘The differences between the well-known English writers on moral philosophy from Sidgwick to the present day are of little importance’. My question in this essay is how MMP1–3 have held up in the sixty years since Anscombe published ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’. One upshot will be exegetical: it is MMP3 that bears the main emphasis in MMP. So in this discussion MMP3 will come first and get the lion’s share of space; I won’t even get to MMP1 and MMP2 till section 5.7. Contrary to what is probably the majority reading of MMP, I see MMP1 and MMP2 as little more than auxiliary theses, and MMP3 as—to echo the essay’s very last sentence—her main complaint. The main upshot of my enquiry will be an answer to the question how MMP1–3 have held up since 1958. My answer will be that they have held up remarkably well.
Anscombe on Euthanasia as Murder
Authors: Jones David Albert
Published: September 2022

Anscombe asserted that murder ought to be prohibited absolutely and that voluntary euthanasia falls within the ‘core of the concept’ of murder. On this basis she argued that voluntary euthanasia ought to be prohibited absolutely. The argument as stated is valid. However, the first premise is difficult to demonstrate and the second is doubtful. Voluntary euthanasia lacks key elements of the paradigm case of murder and seems to lie on the border between murder and assisting suicide. Nevertheless, there are good reasons to prohibit the encouragement of suicide and good reasons to believe that acceptance of voluntary euthanasia implies acceptance of some cases of non-voluntary euthanasia. Hence, Anscombe’s argument is justified, though via a less direct route. Legalising voluntary euthanasia leads, both logically and in practice, to murder, in the sense of killing people without their request or consent, and this is a good reason to maintain its prohibition.
Intention in Action
Authors: Capps Charles F.
Published: September 2022

Elizabeth Anscombe opens her book Intention by distinguishing three divisions of her topic: (1) expressions of intention for the future, (2) intentional action, and (3) intention in action. Uncovering the unity of her three divisions has become a central concern of contemporary theories of action. The standard approach is to treat intention for the future as fundamental. The dominant minority approach is to treat intentional action as fundamental. Developing themes in Anscombe’s own work, this chapter argues that the relatively neglected alternative of treating intention in action as fundamental has considerable merit and deserves more attention than it has received to date.
Anscombe and Aquinas
Authors: Haldane John
Published: September 2022

There has been a growing sense of Anscombe’s indebtedness to Aquinas, though the specifics and extent of that debt have remained unclear for three reasons. First, because of general unfamiliarity with Aquinas’s writings. Second, because of ignorance about important aspects of Anscombe’s intellectual biography and writings. Third, because of her inexplicitness, particularly in works intended for academic readers, regarding his influence on her thought. This chapter charts her engagement with and use of the thought of Aquinas from her days as a student to her last writings, cataloguing her direct and indirect references to his work and assessing the extent to which she was in broad agreement with or dissented from his positions on major philosophical issues.
Anscombe and Wittgenstein on Knowledge ‘without Observation’
Authors: Teichman Harold
Published: September 2022

This chapter, which is purely exegetical, suggests that close attention to the legacy of Anscombe’s mentor Wittgenstein can shed some unaccustomed light both on the idiosyncratic form of enquiry in her book Intention and on some of the particular conclusions found in that book. Section 22.2 points to a methodological parallel between Wittgenstein’s post-1945 investigations into the nature of everyday psychological concepts and Anscombe’s treatment of the concept of intention. In section 22.3, the Wittgensteinian provenance of Anscombe’s logical category ‘knowledge without observation’ is exhibited, and her extension of what falls under this form of knowledge (from Wittgenstein’s case of knowing the arrangement of one’s limbs, to matters concerning intention as well) is outlined. This extension will require a twist in how the intentional form of such knowledge is regarded as corrigible. Finally, section 22.4 identifies the odd form of knowledge just explicated with ‘practical knowledge’ as Anscombe sees it, and tries to show that some puzzles revolving around her invocation of Theophrastus’s principle and Aquinas’s view of the causal power of practical knowledge may be resolved thereby.
Intention, Knowledge, and Responsibility
Authors: Clot-Goudard Rémi
Published: September 2022

To what extent can an agent be held responsible for what he does? According to Aristotle, we are answerable for our voluntary actions, the ‘voluntary’ being ‘[1] that of which the origin is in oneself, [2] when one knows the particular factors that constitute the location of action’. This question, which was of paramount importance for Anscombe, led her to focus on the second, epistemic condition of responsibility. This chapter suggests that in fact, a large part of her philosophy of action can be read as an effort to build a complex and subtle answer to the question what kind of knowledge an agent must have of his own action in order for him to be accountable for it (and/or for all or some of its consequences). In Intention, Anscombe shows that for his action to be intentional under some description, an agent must have a practical knowledge of it under this very description; that is why ignorance can sometimes be put forward as a ground for exoneration. But ignorance can also be blameworthy, when the agent could and should have known what he is ignorant of. Elucidating the possibility of voluntary ignorance brings into light a fundamental obligation to know which takes its meaning from, and has its roots in, Anscombe’s Thomist background.