bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced System for Control Milling and Flotation Processes Based on an Estimation of Ore Quality Grade
Authors: Morozov Valery , Ganbaatar Zorigt , Delgerbat Lodoy , Bokányi Ludmila , Stoliarov Valeriy
Published: March 2013

Ore processing plays a very important linking role between the mining and the metallurgical steps. The recent R&D achievements in this field resulted in the increase of the intellectual content of technological processes of mineral processing, as well as its automatic control. The main reason of mineral processing fluctuations is a mixing of ores from various sections of a deposit. Instability and non-optimized parameters of milling and flotation take 3% to 6% of losses of valuable component. Milling and flotation process are characterized by considerable fluctuations of all input, output and intermediate parameters. In these conditions, applying various mathematic models the process controlling by action on input parameters with further precise reaching the required values of output parameters of the process is not always possible. The application of the multilevel process models allows elaborating and using methods of the ore grade estimation and evaluation of the technological process situation by adaptive control.
Influence and Theory Analysis of Ti, Zr, B on the Refining Effect of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Liang Sha Sha , Yang Sheng , Zhang Song
Published: March 2013

The valence electron structures and bond energies of Al3Ti, Al3Zr, TiB2 and ZrB2 are studied based on the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET theory), giving theoretical explanation on the different microstructure with different atomic number ratio of Ti, Zr and B in aluminum alloys. It is demonstrated that the formation of TiB2 and ZrB2 have priority for their bond energies are stronger than that of Al3Zr and Al3Ti. In addition, refining effect of Al3Ti and Al3Zr to Al is better.
Character Alteration Research on Fe3O4 /PVA Susceptible Composite Film
Authors: Chen Jie , Hu Shen Hua
Published: March 2013

Prepare Fe3O4/PVA susceptible composite film and it is fund to be rough surface and not good on elasticity. Research the effect of on Fe3O4/PVA susceptible composite film by testing borax, boric acid, potassium permanganate etc. as different alterative. Make more flexable and better Fe3O4 dispersible Fe3O4/PVA susceptible composite film by adding PEG and GLYCERIN. Provide brand new materials and direction for susceptible composite film application in mechanical domain.
Tensile Properties of a Cast TiAl Alloy with Directional Lamellar Microstructures
Authors: Li Sheng , Zhu Chun Lei , Cao Rui , Zhang Ji
Published: March 2013

A cast TiAl alloy with directional γ-TiAl/α2-Ti3Al lamellar microstructure showed excellent strength retention at high temperatures and distinguished ambient ductility level as well. But both the ductility and strength at room temperature exhibited somewhat undulation. According to the microstructure and fracture surface observations, the negative diversification of the test results is attributed to the presence of mis-oriented lamellar colonies. The tilted lamellar colonies larger than a critical value can trigger the tensile fractures and therefore diminish the tensile strength and ductility significantly.
Investigation of Porous NiAl Intermetallics Prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Wu Jie , Cui Hong Zhi , Zeng Liang Liang
Published: March 2013

Porous NiAl intermetallics with different porosities were successfully prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Examination of the reaction process between Ni and Al as well as the oxidation properties of the resultant materials was carried out. The melting of Al is the precondition for the reaction between Ni and Al, the reaction process can be explained by dissolution-precipitation mechanism. Only minor weight gain (0.06%~0.24%) and stable pore structures of porous materials after 200 hours oxidation at 650°C indicate that porous NiAl intermetallics have excellent oxidation resistance.
Precipitation Kinetics and Behavior of δ Phase in Inconel 718 Alloy
Authors: Zhang Hai Yan , Zhang Shi Hong , Cheng Ming
Published: March 2013

The precipitation kinetic and behavior of δ phase in Inconel 718 alloy at 900, 930 and 960°C have been studied using the quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The results indicated that the nucleation site and way of δ phase depended on temperature by the observation of microstructures. During the aging process, the δ phase nucleated on the grain boundaries and twin boundaries preferentially, while the δ phase precipitated directly from the interior of grain when the temperature was above 900°C. At a certain aging temperature, the relationship between the δ phase content and the aging time fitted an Avrami-type equation.
The Temperature Distribution Research of Foaming Gypsum Mold in the Fabrication and Pouring Process
Authors: Fan Zhen Zhong , Xiong Yan Cai , Hong Run Zhou
Published: March 2013

This paper describes study of temperature variation in the gelling and hardening, thermal baking and pouring stage of foaming gypsum mold. The temperature difference curve in the gelling and hardening process shows an rapid decline, tending to the placid downward eventually after a clipping rise. During the thermal baking stage, owing to the low heat conduction coefficient of the foaming gypsum mold, the actual temperature of each thermocouple lags behind the craft temperature, lag degree increases gradually with the extension of baking temperature and holding time. At the initial period of pouring process for molten aluminum, the temperature of center position in the mold increases fast by absorbing lots of heat in the solidification process, whereas, slower temperature rising curve occurs in the edge and intersection position. Coupled with the ongoing of air convection heat transfer, resulting in a continuous falling of temperature, therefore the temperature difference curve of each point inside the mold shows a successive upward trend with the solidification process of molten aluminum alloy.
Analytical Model of Capillary Suction Velocity of a Pipe with Multiple Sizes
Authors: Nguyen Hung Thanh , Sørensen Bjørn R
Published: March 2013

Absorption of water in concrete is often described by simple linear water uptake vs. square-root-of-time law. This model based on the classical capillary model derived from the Hagen-Poiseuille’ flow which travel on a single pipe dimension. However, in cement-like material concrete, the pore structure is complex, including for example, variable pore radius and complicated topological changes. In this work, an analytical velocity model of Hagen Poiseuille’s flow on a pipe with multiply sizes is constructed. This model takes the pipe geometry as described by two sets of parameters α_i and β_i;i=1,2…,N into account. In addition, a numerical study of other flow models using Navier Stokes and Stokes models has been conducted. The analytical model is in good agreement with the numerical models at a series of different pipe geometry sizes.
Study on Indoor Detecting Methods and Performance of Shotcrete
Authors: Shi Yan , Li Jia Zheng , Yan Jian Jun , Peng Shang Shi
Published: March 2013

Using self-designed indoor detecting methods, the performance test of shotcrete doped compound admixture and crude fiber were carried out. The results showed that compound admixture and crude fiber can improve the compressive strength, flexural toughness and crack resistance of shotcrete. Axial bond strengths of shotcrete with rock were more than 1.0MPa, and that can be increased by combined-doped compound admixture and crude fiber. Rebound rates of shotcrete were 23% and 20%, layer thickness in one shot cycle were 22cm and 25cm, and combined-doped compound admixture and fiber can increase the cohesiveness and reduce rebound rate. Self-designed methods can be used to compare construction performance of different shotcretes.
Research on Preparation Technology of Exposed-Aggregate Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Feng Xin Jun , Liang Fu Qiang , Zhu Yong Xia , Yuan Jian Bo
Published: March 2013

Through a large number of laboratory tests，authors study the preparation technology of exposed-aggregate cement concrete pavement, such as the spraying time, spraying dose of exposed-aggregate agent and the flush time. According to the tests results, the spraying time of exposed-aggregate cement concrete declines constantly with the increase of temperature and the appropriate spraying dose of exposed-aggregate agent is determined. The higher the temperature the earlier the flush time. There is a bigger time interval, more than 10h for normal temperature between the earliest and latest flush time.
Effect of Moisture Content on Thermal Physical Properties and Heat Transfer of Plywood during Hot-Pressing
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Sun Guo , Li Wen Ding , Chen Lei
Published: March 2013

In order to investigate the effect of moisture content on thermal physical properties and heat transfer of plywood during hot pressing, the quasi steady method was applied to measure the thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal diffusivity values of the resinated plywood assembly with a UF loading rate of 300g/m2 under different moisture conditions. Results showed that with the increase of moisture content in a range of 10-22%, the thermal conductivity and specific heat of the plywood assembly enhanced significantly, and that plywood hot pressing noticeably consisted of fast heating and slow heating phases: during the first phase the heating rate of the core ply was quickened with the increase of moisture content while the second phase did not show any significant impact of moisture content on the corresponding heating rate.
Review on Surface Failure Mode of Metallic Materials in Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime
Authors: Wang Dong Ming , Li Wei , Wang Ping , Chu Wei Xian
Published: March 2013

With higher cleanness upgraded steadily, surface failure of metallic materials in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime beyond 107 cycles has been reported one after another. The occurrence of surface crack initiation to failure in VHCF regime is closely related to the following factors: (i) surface finishing condition of specimen, i.e. whether some grinding scratches, grooves and cavities with a relatively larger size than the subsurface defect exist at the surface of specimen; (ii) type, size, location, distribution and density of metallurgical defects such as inclusion contained in the subsurface of material; (iii) degree of persistent slip band (PSB) deformation induced by surface roughening of specimen, mainly corresponding to the some ductile single-phase metallic materials. Furthermore, the effect of environment such as humidity also accelerates surface crack initiation and propagation in VHCF regime. In the present paper, the authors briefly reviewed surface failure modes of metallic materials in VHCF regime beyond 107 cycles, and analyzed the surface crack initiation and propagation mechanisms from the viewpoints of the fracture mechanics and statistics.
The Effect of UIT on the Residual Stress of 7N01 Al-Alloy Welding Joints
Authors: Liu Jin Bo , Zhou Yi Lin , Wang Qiu Ying , Zhang Ming Yue , Chen Hui , Li Heng Kui
Published: March 2013

The X-ray diffraction method (iXRD) has been applied into the measurement of residual stress ultrasonic impact ultrasound before and after the impact test process residual stress of aluminum alloy welded joints. Research different inrush current, different impact time of different ultrasonic impact of the process on the residual stress of welded joints of aluminum alloy welded joints welding residual stress distribution and its variation. We can study the distributing status and disciplinarian, and testify the step to adjust the welding residual stress by ultrasonic impact treatment. The research supplys the data supports for welding residual stress engineering disposal and weld joint assistant consolidation to improve abilities against the gatigue. The research shows appropriate welding and ultrasonic impact treatment technics can effectively adjust welding residual stress and meet the RAMS demands about the product.
Preparation of Stearic/Montmorillonite Composite as Form-Stable Phase Change Material
Authors: Li Zhong , Chen Ming Gong , Tan De Xin , Chen Jie
Published: March 2013

A new type of form-stable phase change material (PCM) with good heat storage was prepared by impregnation of stearic acid (SA) into the interlayer of modified montmorillonite (MMT). The structure, thermal properties of the composite PCM were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis technique. In the XRD analysis, expansions of the interlayer platelet spacing (001 diffraction peak) were observed in all samples, indicating that the impregnation of SA in the interlayer of MMT was successfully completed. The results of DSC indicated that the melting point and latent heat of the form-stable PCM is 63.2 °C and 118.6 J/g, respectively
Study on Cracking of Anchor Structure due to Reinforcement Corrosion
Authors: Ding Wan Tao , Liu Jin Hui , Li Shu Cai
Published: March 2013

Reinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes for the deterioration of reinforcement concrete structure. And it seriously affected mechanical properties of anchor structure system of underground engineering under complicated erosion environment. Based on elastic theory and assumption of maximum tensile-stress failure criterion, together with construction process of anchor structure and rust expansion critical process, reinforcement rust expansion mechanical model of anchor structure system was simplified. Elastic criterion of different initial cracking mode was rewarded under different stress ratios. According to analysis of critical cracking mode of different medium, cracking order of mortar and surrounding rock depended on their material parameters, in-situ stress and thickness of mortar cover. Critical cracking conditions of different medium without effect of in-situ stress was rewarded. The result provides a useful reference for analysis of mechanical deterioration mechanism of anchor structure and design of support structure of underground engineering.
Study on the Electrometric Method to Measure the Young’s Modulus of Metal Materials
Authors: Xiao Li Feng , Duan Ran , Chen Xin Guang
Published: March 2013

Young's modulus is one of the basic mechanical properties of materials, so its accurate measurement has great engineering significance. Electrometric method is one of the commonly used method. Proceeding from experimental techniques, this paper studies the key factors which affect the result of the experimental measurement, including the influence of the uneven load, the pre-stretching, the hardening time of the strain gauge binder, and sticking quality of strain gauge; comprehensively provides the experimental measures to improve the measurement accuracy. Then through the uncertainty evaluations of the results with different measures, this paper from a point of quantitative view proves that taking these measures can reduce the dispersion of the measurement results and significantly improve the accuracy of experimental results.
Damage Calculation and Fatigue Life Prediction for Freight Car Body
Authors: Zhao Fang Wei , Xie Ji Long , Yuan Yu Qing , Shi Xiao Ling
Published: March 2013

The load of C80B gondola freight car body is analyzed in railway. Measured load spectra of fatigue key parts of the freight car body are got. According to the measured load spectra, combined with the load-strain transfer coefficient, the fatigue damage of freight car body is calculated. Then fatigue life of C80B freight car body is predicted by using fatigue cumulative damage theory.
Failure Analysis on Strain Clamp on 220kV Transmission Line
Authors: Xu Xue Xia , Feng Yan Ting , Ke Hao , Niu Xiao Guang , Ouyang Jie
Published: March 2013

Failure analysis on a strain clamp cracking on 220kV transmission line was carried out based on results of macro-observation, mechanical property examination and EDAX analysis. It is concluded that the main reason of the clamp failure lies in incomplete surface cleaning during wire crimping that cause large current flowing through steel cores, heating them and reduced their strength. In addition, oxidation due to residue water for insufficient baking also contributes to the failure. Finally suggestions were put forward.
Simulation and Analysis of the Wheat Stem Lodging
Authors: Yuan Zhi Hua , Li Jian Wei , Tian Hui , Ding Pan
Published: March 2013

In order to find the change characteristics of wheat stem lodging under the rectangle wind load, wheat stem models were set up which include 5 inter-nodes, and then the process of wheat stem lodging were simulated by finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The simulation results show that the lodging is related to impulse of the rectangle wind load. The smaller the impulse is, the more difficultly the stem lodging happen. Along the entire stem axis, the maximum stress value occurs in the ovalization area, the stress values are smaller in the other area. The study results provide some references for the research on high yield cultivation and lodging resistance of wheat and plant stem processing.
A Research on the Stress Dispersion Property of the Warp Knitted Space Fabric
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: March 2013

This paper firstly introduced the stress dispersion mechanism of the warp knitted space fabric, and then tested the stress dispersion effect of the warp knitted space fabric and sponge (PU foam) with the same thickness. The results show that the warp knitted space fabric can effectively disperse the compression, and the dispersion effect can be increased with the increase of the thickness in a specified limit.
High-Temperature Deformation Characteristics of a SA516GR70 Vessel Steel
Authors: Huang Zhen Yi , Chen Fu Qiang , Wang Ping
Published: March 2013

The single-directional and single-pass compression test were conducted on SA516GR70 vessel steel by a Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator with the parameters of 800-1100 oC and 0.01-5 s-1. The influence of deformation temperatures and strain rates on the flow stress and the evolution of dynamic recrystallization of the observed steel were investigated. The results showed that the work hardening, dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization softening processes might be occurred successively or simultaneously with the strain increasing. The flow stress-strain curves for the compressed steel can be divided into work hardening stage, transition stage, softening stage and steady-state stage. The dynamic recrystallization occurred in the deformation samples when the observed steel was compressed at above temperatures and strain rates. At a certain deformation temperature, increasing the strain rates was helpful to increase the volume fraction of the dynamic recrystallization and to refine the grains. At a certain strain rate, decreasing the deformation temperatures was helpful to refine and homogenize the macrostructures. The deformation activation energy was 377 kJ/mol and the equation of hot deformation was built by analysing stress-strain curve of SA516GR70 steel.
An Optimized Design Method for Thickness of Shells with Multi-Holes Based on Finite Element Method Theory
Authors: Liu Xiao Bao , Yin Zhi Hong
Published: March 2013

Focus on the problems in thickness design of shells with multi-holes, an optimized design method based on theory of finite element method is presented. In this method, mathematical model of optimized design is built up based on theory of finite element method and theory of plates and shells, and realized method of optimized design of thickness based on ANSYS software is established. Additionally, the influence factors of optimized design of thickness are analyzed, including load forms, constraint types. In the end, an example about cellular board design shows this method is a good way and available in engineering projects.
Flexural Behavior Characteristics of UHPC According to Twisted Steel Fiber
Authors: Kim Si Hwan , Ryu Gum Sung , Koh Kyung Taek
Published: March 2013

This study examines the effects of twisted steel fiber obtained by changing the shape of the fiber in order to improve the toughness of the conventional straight steel fiber. Three types of twisted fiber with different lengths (l) and diameters (d) are considered while maintaining the aspect ratio (l/d) to 100. Flexural tensile test is performed on the K-UHPC paste mixed with 1%, 1.5% and 2% of fiber relative to the volume of the matrix to analyze the flexural tensile performance, deflection capacity and energy absorption performance. The results show that the use of twisted fiber increases significantly the flexural toughness of K-UHPC compared to the use of the traditional straight fiber. Especially, the adoption of a quantity of twisted fiber reduced by 0.5% is seen to secure identical performances. The reduction of this quantity by 1% develops slightly lower flexural strength but provides remarkable deflection capacity. Accordingly, since the adoption of twisted fiber enables to reduce the mix ratio of fiber by 0.5 to 1% according to the intended purpose, such fiber is expected to allow further reduction of the fabrication cost of K-UHPC.
A New Comprehensive Utilization Method for Coal Gangue: Preparing Alite-Sulphoaluminate Cement
Authors: Xu Guan Li , Sun Chuan Min , Sun Yao , Liao Hai
Published: March 2013

Coal gangue is a kind of solid waste which is discharged from coal mining and coal washing. Dumped gangues do not only take a large land occupation but also pollute air and water. Treatment and utilizing of coal gangues has become the major issue for the coal industry to resolve. As major experimental material in this study, the coal gangue from Dawukou, Shizuishan, Ningxia province, China had been analyzed to have high-alumina content, and it could been used as alumina constituent for the preparation of sulphoaluminate cement. In this paper, alite-sulphoaluminate cements were prepared at 1330°C using coal gangue, limestone and gypsum as major main materials, fluorite and barite as minor materials. The result shows that major clinker minerals of the cement are sulphoaluminate, alite and belite, while major hydrate is ettringite, compressive strength of the cement is 48.9MPa after 7d. These experiments provide a new method of coal gangue comprehensive utilization.
Effects of Molybdenum Doping on Optical Properties of Sm0.3Ce0.7O1.85
Authors: Li Hui Qin , Hao Zhi Feng , Chen Min Xuan , Han Qiang , Hao Xian Ku
Published: March 2013

Sm0.3Ce(0.7-x)MoxO(1.85+δ) yellow pigments were prepared by solid-state synthesis method, which were obtained by doping molybdenum for substitution of Ce4+ in Sm0.3Ce0.7O1.85. Effects of Molybdenum doping amount on crystal structure of the pigments were investigated and the coloring mechanism of the pigments was analyzed. The results show that molybdenum doping has markedly changed the color of the pigments. The color of pigments changed from cream to yellow as molybdenum doping amount increased from x=0.00 to x=0.04. And the color changed from yellow to yellow green when x was adjusted from x=0.05 to x=0.07. When x=0.08, the color of pigments changed to gray.
Study on the Performance of Orange Oil Cleanser
Authors: Li Zhi Qiang , Li Mei , Wang Shi Han Wang , Jiang Jie , Wang Mu Bing , Huang Jin Huang
Published: March 2013

The experiment introduce the performance of orange oil cleanser containing natural orange oil, sodium dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and alcohol that selected in the best ratio by uniform experimental design method, using the stiring-emulsification method to make a cleanser solution of compounded system at normal temperature, and measured the surface tension. We found that with the content of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alcohol increasing, the surface tension reduced significantly, the cleaning effect improved too. The orange oil cleanser with best formula of sodium dodecyl sulfate -14.2 (mass ratio), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether -2.7(mass ratio), Ethanol-5.1(mass ratio), 22 in total, orange oil-10 ml, contributing the surface tension of 17.8 can be completely biodegraded.
Evaluation of the Leaching Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium from Malaysian Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag
Authors: Lateef Kolawole Bankole , Sheikh Abdul Rezan , Nurulakmal Mohd Sharif , Baharun Norlia
Published: March 2013

This study investigates the leaching behavior of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from both industrial electric arc furnace steel slag and steel slag modified with up to 2% wt Cr2O3. The study was performed with European standard batch leaching test for 15 days and the lixiviant used were alkaline, de-ionized and rain water. The experimental work was also complimented with slag characterization using XRF, XRD and SEM/EDX analysis. After 15 days, Cr (VI) was found to be highest in rain water (0.016 mg/L) and lowest in de-ionized water (0.002 mg/L). With more Cr2O3 in EAF slag, more Cr will leach out based on the 2% wt Cr2O3 addition. Besides the lixiviant used, slag stirring speed and liquid to solid ratio also affect the dissolution of Cr (VI). With up to 2 wt % Cr2O3 in EAF slag, Cr (VI) dissolution was still lower than the threshold of 0.1 mg/L set by USEPA for public water systems. The analysis also indicated that the relative amounts of soluble basic and acidic oxides in the slag will affect the dissolution of Cr (VI).
Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Biofilm-Electrode Reactor
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yang Mei , Huang Xian Huai
Published: March 2013

To study the nitrification and denitrification in compartmented biofilm-electrode reactor (C-BER) under limited oxygen, influence of mild electrolysis on nitrogen removal was investigated under low C/N (mole ratios) with dissolved oxygen about 1mg/ L. It was found that nitrogen removal was mainly through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). C/N ratio was 1, average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 33% and 45% for electric current of 5 and 15mA. C/N was 0.5, electric current was 25mA and effluent was recirculated, TN removal efficiency increased to 60%, within which autotrophic denitrification accounted for about 51%. There was about 50% NH3-N reduced under 15mA when C/N ratio was 1, this increased to 70% for 25mA when C/N ratio was 0.5. Nevertheless, TN reduced between anode and cathodes accounted for 64% in all. The experimental results show that both higher electric current and effluent recirculation are good for SND process under oxygen-limited condition, nitrogen removal can be activated by mild electrolysis.
Experiment and Analysis on Temperature Distribution of Straw Double-Grate Briquette Boiler Furnace-Tank
Authors: Zheng Kai Xuan , Chen He Shun , Yi Bin , Wen Bao Hui , Yuan Hang Zhou , Liu Sheng Yong
Published: March 2013

Under 4 different conditions (the smallest air door αpy =1.60, the smaller air door αpy =2.20, the larger air door αpy =3.16 and the largest air door αpy =4.41), the double fire grates boiler designed by the author have been tested. The corresponding result is that the temperature distribution appears similar law in height, depth and width. Secure, stabile and economical operation of the boiler has been realized on the better work state (between condition 2 and condition 3). It will be an important type of straw briquette boiler. It lays foundation for optimization design of burning equipment and running adjustment.
Research on Cavitation and Impinging Stream Microelectrolysis Reactor for Treating Organic Wastewater
Authors: Li Fu Bao , Lin Tao , Li Qin , Li Liang , Wu Hao
Published: March 2013

Starting with the research of the mechanism of treating organic wastewater, this paper found out various factors affecting electrode reaction, generation of hydroxyl free radical and flocculation reaction and the conditions promoting reinforcement of reaction, then associating with the advantage features of cavitation and impinging stream technology for degrading wastewater, it developed the "cavitation and impinging stream microelectrolysis technology", designed a novel structure of cavitation and impinging stream microelectrolysis reactor. In the technique of treating high concentration organic wastewater using microelectrolysis method, the problems of passivation and hardening can be solved by using this reactor with the features of high efficiency, environmental protection, safety, and good economics etc.
An Evaluation Method of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Based on Projection Pursuit Model
Authors: Wang Wei , Feng Yong Jun , Chen Wei Feng , Li Fu Lin
Published: March 2013

It is very important that drawing up a reasonable developing and utilizing plan for water resources and ensuring the sustainable supply of water resources to the socioeconomic development of an area. So that, how to analyze and evaluate water resources carrying capacity is the key issue. In this paper, we proposed an evaluation method for water resources carrying capacity in Yellow River Delta based on projection pursuit evaluation model and particle swarm optimization. First, we regarded economy, social development, ecological environment and water resources as a compound system and established an index system including eighteen indices. Second, we chose the data in 2010 and evaluated water resources carrying capacity in Yellow River Delta utilizing projection pursuit evaluation model and particle swarm optimization. Finally, based on the evaluation above, we can draw a conclude for several areas in Yellow River Delta. The water resources carrying capacity of Dongying district and Kenli County is better and is at level II, and water resources are in week stress-free state. And that the one of Hekou district, Lijin County and Guangrao County is medium and level III, and the development of water resources and social economy is in coordination state.
Research of the New Composite Solid Lubricant Coating
Authors: Hou Suo Xia , Gao Hui , Jia Xiao Ming
Published: March 2013

MoS2、WS2、Sb2O3 are common metal friction solid lubricants. Three substances can be complex preparation to create a new type of high temperature composite solid lubricant coating. We get the optimal ratio of such coatings through orthogonal experiment and explore the lubricating properties of the coating and find that the composite coating is good lubricity and wear resistance under high temperature conditions.
Effect of Hydrogen Dilution on Properties of Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Films Prepared by VHF-PECVD
Authors: Wu Xia , Gu Long , Zhang Ji Sen , Yang Hui Dong
Published: March 2013

Microcrystalline silicon thin films were deposited on glass substrates by VHF-PECVD varying the ratio of hydrogen dilution from 88% to 98%. The structural characteristics, deposition rate and photosensitivity of the films were investigated. With the improvement of the hydrogen dilution ratio, crystallization rate of the films had been improved which was much more stable than amorphous silicon that the films transmit from amorphous silicon to microcrystalline silicon. However the deposition rate had been reduced with the increase of the hydrogen dilution and the highest deposition rate was 0.43nm/s. The samples showed a downward trend of photosensitivity with optical and dark conductivity both decreasing first then increasing. Thus suitable hydrogen dilution ratio should be chosen according to the different needs in preparation of microcrystalline silicon film.
The Investigation of Abrasive Jet Polishing on the Linear Micro-Channels Surface of SKD61 Mold Steel
Authors: Tsai Feng Che , Chang Ting Cheng , Kuo Miao Yu , Li Ta Chen
Published: March 2013

This study examined the performance of abrasive jet polishing (AJP) on SKD61 mold surfaces using wax-coated SiC abrasives fabricated by gas atomization and the comparison of surface quality achieved by revealing significant surface roughness reduced with wax-coated abrasives. The wax coating of SiC abrasives smooth the sharp surfaces of abrasive powders and provides a cushioning buffer. These two features contribute and improve the direct impact of heavy peening, thus preventing surface hardening, superficial embedment or deep scratches. Furthermore, compound additives including water wax and water were added to the wax-coated #3000 SiC abrasives at a mix proportion of 500: 1000: 1500 (water wax: wax-coated SiC: water) for polishing micro-channels surfaces. The experimental results show that the compound additives provide addition cushioning effect facilitate the sliding and grinding of abrasives, resulting in fine polishing and good surface quality. The reflection properties of both linear and curved micro-channels were much enhanced by AJP using wax-coated #3000 SiC abrasives with the compound additives.
The High Temperature Oxidation Resistance and Anti-Oxidation Mechanism of Plasma-Sprayed NiCrAlY Coatings on Stainless Stell
Authors: Qu Yan Ping , Qu Yan Ping , Liu Jia Tao , Wang Yan Feng
Published: March 2013

The coating was made of base coating (NiCrAlY) and superficial coating (ZrO2 + Y2O3) by plasma spray. The microstructure and phase structure of the coating were investigated by using the scanning electron microscope and the X-ray diffraction. The oxidation process can be divided into three stages: The main oxidation products is θ-Al2O3 but not continuous α-Al2O3 film in oxidation prophase; Continuous α-Al2O3 film generated quickly with the transition of θ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 in the oxidation reaction. The oxidation reaction becomes complicated when the content of Al decrease and Ni is also oxidized to NiO. Oxidation kinetics curves of 1200°C is basically accord with parabolic law.
Experimental Investigation on Anti-Fatigue Function of Gear Surface with Grid Micro-Morphology
Authors: Wu Li Yan , Lv You , Song Yu Qiu , Cui Yue Feng , Ren Wen Tao
Published: March 2013

Based on the experimental optimal designing method, the experimental plan was set up. In order to study anti-fatigue capability of the gear, the laser engraving technology was applied to process the grid type bionic micro-morphology texture on the gear teeth surface. Different anti-fatigue characteristics of the bionic samples were obtained through analyzing the fatigue tests results. The results showed that the pitting ratio of the gear specimens with the grid micro-morphology had been decreased obviously. The grid bionic surface micro-morphology on the gear had improved the anti-fatigue capability of the gear to 139%, and mechanism of anti-fatigue of the bionic gear was ascribed to “Dam Effect”, laser strengthen and changing of lubrication.
Comparative Study on Compression Deformation Behaviors of Cast and Extruded AZ31 Alloys
Authors: Song Jia Tong , Quan Gao Feng , Liu Zhao Ming , Zhang Ying Bo , Sun Jia Le
Published: March 2013

Compression properties, microstructure evolution and deformation behaviors of cast and extruded AZ31 alloys are investigated. The results show that compressive yield stress, ultimate strength and ultimate compression ratio between extruded and cast AZ31 alloy are quite different. The yielding pattern of as-cast AZ31 alloy is continuous, and the yield pattern of extruded AZ31 alloy demonstrate an obvious yielding plateau mode. The angle between the fractures and specimens axis of as-cast and extruded AZ31 alloy is about 45°. A mass of reliefs and damage can be found on the specimen surface of as-cast AZ31 alloy and the twinning is main deformation sign in as-cast AZ31 alloy as seen a rough surface. The slip activity might be a predominant deformation mechanism in extruded AZ31 alloy judged by smooth surface after fracture.
A Study on Initial Blank Design to Minimize Earing in Multi-Stage Deep Drawing Process for Rectangular Cup Using High Strength Steel Material
Authors: Liu Pan , Ku Tae Wan , Kang Beom Soo
Published: March 2013

Multi-stage deep drawing process for rectangular cups with extreme aspect ratio using finite element analysis is performed. The process is mainly consists of four forming stages including blanking, drawing, ironing and trimming. However, main deformation of the rectangular cup is completed during the drawing-ironing procedure. Tool design and blank modification for the multi-stage deep drawing process are presented. To consider the deep drawing and the ironing operations, the multi-stage deep drawing process is applied to obtain the rectangular cup by using each numerical simulation models from first to fifth drawing. Based on the design results of the initial blank, the multi-stage deep drawing process is performed, but it is shown that severe earing phenomenon is occurred at the upper flange part. To solve the severe deformation at the upper flange due to normal anisotropy of the used sheet material, initial blank modification is carried out. The simulation results for the rectangular cup are compared with the final configuration before and after the modification of the blank shape. The predicted result is confirmed that the modified blank shape not only improve the quality of a deep-drawn product but also reduce the cost of production.
The Design and Simulation of Circuit for Electromagnetic Force Assisted Line Heating Device
Authors: Wang Ji , Liu Qiang , Liu Yu Jun , Shi Bing , Bao Ye Dong , Zhang Li Jun
Published: March 2013

In the process of line heating, a pulsed electromagnetic force is added to steel plates as an approximately consecutive constrained force of certain frequency. It improves the condition of steel plates heated at high temperatures and the efficiency of steel deformation and be conducive to the control of process and the improvement for the accuracy of deformation. According to the actual needs of electromagnetic force assisted line heating process, the design ideas of circuit for the electromagnetic force assisted line heating device (EFALHD) and functions of the branch circuits are introduced. The distribution of the electromagnetic force and parameters’ influence rules are analyzed by building magnetic field and circuit coupling model in ANSYS. By adding thermal analysis on the electromagnetic field analysis, a new method of line heating finite element analysis is established to support the parameter determinations of EFALHD.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon-Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles from De-Oiled Asphalt
Authors: Yu Jun , Xu Bing She
Published: March 2013

Carbon-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles with the size of 5 to 30 nm were synthesized from de-oiled asphalt (DOA) by heat-treatment at 1800 °C with nickel powder. The nanoparticles exhibited well-constructed core-shell structures, with Ni cores and graphitic shells. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations confirmed that the carbon-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in carbon matrix and the Ni nanoparticles were surrounded by several carbon layers with well ordered arrangement. The formation of the core-shell nanoparticles was selectively controlled by adjusting the ratio of de-oiled asphalt to nickel powders. The possible growth model for the carbon-encapsulated Ni nanoparticles was discussed briefly. This result presents a simple and controllable way to synthesize carbon-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles.
Modeling Powder Extrusion Pastes for Forming 410L Stainless Metallic Honeycombs
Authors: Zhou Yun , Zuo Xiao Qing
Published: March 2013

A thin-wall 410L Stainless metallic honeycomb has been fabricated successfully by extruding and sintering processing. The extruded pastes are a combination of two phases: a solid phase composed of metallic powder carried by a fluid solution of water, binder and additives. The key to forming high quality, defect free honeycombs lies in the optimization of paste properties and is contingent on solids loading and fluid-phase rheology. To develop a model that predicts paste rheology, capillary rheometry was used to characterize powder pastes and binder gels used as the fluid phase. Suspension viscosity models were successfully applied to permit rapid optimization of solids content and binder gel solution for extrusion of honeycombs.
Research on the Cutting Characteristics of Coated Tools on End Milling Nickel-Based Superalloy Mar-M247
Authors: Jin Xu Xing
Published: March 2013

Mar-M247 is widely used in industry for its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, but it has the shortcoming of difficulty manufactured. In order to obtain the cutting characteristics of Mar-M247, firstly, an end milling experiment was set up accordingly, where three types of cutting tools coated respectively by TiN, TiCN and TiAlN were employed. Then the parameters of cutting speed and feed rate were defined as the tool cutting variables. Finally, based on different cutting variables, the performance of tool wear, tool life, and workpiece surface roughness were analyzed and discussed. The results indicate when the tool coated by TiAlN, cutting speed of range 1600 ~ 3200 rpm and feed rate of range 0.06 ~ 0.08 mm / tooth are chosen together, the integrated states manufactured of the tool and the workpiece would be best, the method of this research can provide some references for studying others Nickel-based superalloys.
Hollow Structure of CdSe by W/O Microemulsion Method
Authors: Dong Cui Zhi , Zhang Li Fang , Chen Shuang , Zhang Ming Xi , Feng Li , Cui Zhi Min , Zhang Qing Jun
Published: March 2013

CdSe nanocrystalline is an important Ⅱ - Ⅵ clan semiconductor materials, In this paper the hollow structure CdSe nanoparticles was systhesised in CTAB/cyclohexane/isobutanol/water quatemary microemulsion system. The morphology of the final products were characterized by X-ray power diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and EDS. Results of XRD and EDS revealed that nano-crystals were the mixture of CdSe, TEM images shows nanoball, nanotube and bamboo-like nanotube are hollow structure. This paper proves that the hollow structure CdSe can be obtained in the proper conditons.
Study of the Wear of Drills in Dry Drilling of NM360 Steels
Authors: Xu Ming San , Jiang Ji Bin , Wang Guang Cun
Published: March 2013

According to the characteristics of NM360, a contrast experiment for drilling performance in YG8 cemented carbide twist drill, high-speed steel twist drill and factories used in coating the ordinary high-speed steel twist drill has been done. Using microscope to observe tool wear, we found that the flank wear and chisel edge wear are the main wear of the drill. The carbide tools has a better ability of resistance to plastic deformation, abrasive wear and adhesive wear than high-speed steel cutting tools. The coating tools are better to resist abrasive wear and adhesive wear than uncoated tools.Deformation of carbide cutting tools, abrasive wear, ability than high-speed steel cutting tools.
Determination of the Cutting Area Considering the Tool Slenderness Ratio for the Development of a 5-Axis Impeller Machining Automation CAM Module
Authors: Lim Eun Seong , Son Hwang Jin , Cho Young Tae , Jung Yoon Gyo
Published: March 2013

The efficiency of applying 5-axis machining is higher for various products compared to general 3-axis machining, which is restricted to general parts and mold machining. However, impeller machining requires a large tool slenderness ratio to avoid interference with neighboring surfaces. Because such an enlargement of the slenderness ratio causes damage to the tools and deterioration of the quality of products due to the vibration of the tool, it is important to review the cutting characteristics considering the slenderness ratio and to determine the proper cutting conditions. Also, industry has attempted to develop a 5-axis machining automatic CAM module for an impeller that helps inexperienced workers to process the impeller easily by simplifying the process and options for the cutting impeller. The, current status of research on the cutting conditions considering the slenderness ratio to complete a database for a sub-module accounting for the cutting conditions among the components of an automatic CAM module is urgent. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to review the cutting characteristics that influence the cutting of aluminum alloy, the typical material of impeller parts, while also considering slenderness ratio to complete the 5-axis machining automatic CAM module of an impeller and to determine the available cutting area during the roughing and finishing operations.
Wear Mechanism of PVD TiAlN Coated Cemented Carbide Tool in Dry Turning Titanium Alloy TC4
Authors: Wang Bao Lin , Ai Xing , Liu Zhan Qiang , Liu Ji Gang
Published: March 2013

This paper presents investigations on turning TC4 alloy with PVD TiAlN coated cemented carbide inserts. The turning test was conducted with variable cutting speeds ranging from 80 to 120 m/min. Wear surfaces of the cutting tools are analyzed to study the wear mechanism of PVD TiAlN coated cemented carbide tools in turning of titanium alloy TC4. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer( EDS) analyses by wear maps indicated that the wear of coated cemented carbide tools was caused by adhesion, coating delamination and mechanical fatigue. The analysis of EDS indicated no oxidation wear generated during the machining. The excellent chemical stability and oxidation resistance performance of TiAlN coating made contribution to prevent oxidation wear.
Research on Grinding Temperature of a New Diamond Grinding Wheel
Authors: Wu Qiao Ping , Deng Zhao Hui , Gong Yan Li
Published: March 2013

It is aimed at developing a new diamond wheel in order to overcome the shortages of traditional grinding wheel, such as the abrasive easily fall off the grinding wheel prematurely, high grinding temperature, random grits distribution and the loading problems become more severe in grinding process. And further study on the grinding temperature of the new diamond wheel prepared in comparison with traditional resin-bonded diamond grinding wheel in machining Al2O3 ceramic. The prepared new diamond wheel has many diamond fibers involved in grinding process which are artificially ordered, diamond grits are not easily fall off, and it has big chip-pocket space and heat dissipating capability. The experimental results indicated that the grinding temperature of the new diamond wheel in comparison with the conventional diamond wheel under the same conditions was decreased by 80°C-120°C.
Measurement of the Surface Tension of Liquid Metal-Droplet in Arc Welding
Authors: Sun Li , Wang Xi Bao , Li Xiang Liang , Liu Chen Xi
Published: March 2013

The surface tension of the liquid metal droplet was measured in the welding arc fields using a novel method. This method eliminates the interference of the electrode magnetic force and aerodynamic drag force with the measurement results during the welding process. The validity of test method was recognized by both theories and experiments. The surface tensions of the H08A wire melting droplet were measured at various currents.
Prediction and Control of Weld Width of Deep Drawing Steel Laser Tailored Blanks
Authors: Li Xin Cheng , He Jian Hua , Zhu Wei Xing , Du Wan Li
Published: March 2013

The weld width of laser welding not only affects the tailor welded blank forming properties, but also leads to fracture failure to a great extent during the stamping process. In order to optimize the weld process and ensure laser welded tailored blanks (LWTBs) forming properties, the weld width should be predicted and controlled. Firstly, the transient temperature field distributions are simulated by means of the finite element software. Then the weld widths are calculated based on the analysis of test plate temperature distribution. Additionally, weld width prediction model is put forward by means of Partial least squares (PLS). And the forecasting relative error of weld width is below 5%. Then it can be concluded that the proposed model is reasonable and applicable.