bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Functioning of Patients with Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Cancers Treated With Multimodality Therapy
Authors: Yaniv Dan , Niccolai Lindsay M. , Wefel Jeffrey S. , Sullaway Catherine M. , Phan Jack , Fuller Clifton David , Haroun Kareem B. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y.
Published: September 2023

Importance Few recent studies have examined neurocognitive functioning (NCF) in patients with sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers (NPCs) prior to and following multimodality therapy or the potential differences in NCF by disease variables such as disease site.

Objective The objective of this study is to determine rates of NCF impairments prior to and following multimodality therapy, declines in NCF following radiotherapy (RT), and possible differences in NCF by the disease site.

Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a retrospective chart review of 39 patients with sinonasal and NPCs who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations. Twenty patients were evaluated prior to RT, of which eleven received follow-up evaluation after completion of RT. Nineteen patients were evaluated following various treatments without a pre-RT evaluation.

Main Outcomes and Measures Patients completed comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations. Decline from pre-RT to follow-up was defined on the basis of reliable change indices.

Results Thirty-nine patients completed comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations. For the entire cohort, the most frequently demonstrated impairments were in verbal memory (47%) and learning (43%), executive functioning (33%), and verbal fluency (22%). At post-RT follow-up, the most frequently observed declines were in verbal learning (46%) and memory (18%). Demographic and disease variables were not significantly associated with NCF at pre-RT or post-RT.

Conclusion and Relevance Patients with sinonasal and NPCs are at risk for NCF impairments in multiple areas at baseline and memory decline following RT. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate the impact of each treatment modality on NCF and specific risk factors for cognitive dysfunction.
The Role of the Transeptal Window in Endoscopic Endonasal Access to the Contralateral Orbit
Authors: Revuelta-Barbero Juan M. , Rodas Alejandra , Porto Edoardo , Vuncannon Jackson R. , Zohdy Youssef M. , Maldonado Justin , Solares C. Arturo , Henriquez Oswaldo , Pradilla Gustavo
Published: September 2023

Objective This study aimed to objectively compare maneuverability at the contralateral medial orbit when approached through the traditional endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and EEA with transeptal window (TW).

Study Design Anatomic dissections were performed bilaterally on three latex-injected cadaveric heads.  Approaches were performed sequentially; initially, an EEA was fashioned. Binostril access was achieved through a 2-cm posterior septectomy. The second stage pertained to the TW dissection. Area of exposure (AoE), surgical freedom (SF), and angles of attack (AoA) were measured along the contralateral medial orbital wall and compared for each approach. Additionally, the study presents an illustrative case describing the application of the EEA + TW for resection of an intraorbital schwannoma.

Results Compared with EEA, EEA + TW yielded a significantly greater AoE along the contralateral medial orbital wall (39.45 vs. 48.45 cm2, respectively; p = 0.002). SF was statistically different between the EEA and EEA + TW (1153.25 vs. 2256.33 cm2, respectively; p = 0.002). AoA in the horizontal plane were significantly broader with the EEA + TW (6.36 vs. 4.9 degrees by EEA; p = 0.015).

A 50-year-old male with a right medial extraconal orbital tumor was successfully treated through an EEA using the transeptal corridor to access the medial orbital region. No long-term complications were encountered after 31 months of follow-up.

Conclusion EEA + TW is a minimally invasive technique that maximizes exposure and maneuverability within the medial orbital wall, allowing resection of lesions that extend anteriorly. EEA + TW limits disruption of the nasal septum and overcomes the obstacle that intranasal anatomy represents for instrumentation.
Left populism, commons and radical democracy: counter-hegemonic alliances in our times
Authors: Kioupkiolis Alexandros
Published: September 2023

This paper advances the thesis that democratic populism and the commons can and should complement each other in counter-hegemonic interventions promoting egalitarian and ecological democracy in our times. After elucidating its key terms, the article makes, first, a theoretical case for the combination of egalitarian, inclusionary populism and the commons by debunking arguments which highlight the conflicts between them and by explaining the political significance of their conjugation. Subsequently, discussion builds an empirical argument for the real possibility and the democratic promises of such a convergence by considering three ways in which populist politics and the commons merge and recompose each other in contemporary social movements, from the Spanish 15M and new municipalism to Occupy and other collective contestation in the Americas over the last two decades. These cases will illustrate how late social activism has effectively blended populist mobilization with the spirit of the commons, engendering a hybrid figure of ‘common populism’ that fosters grassroots processes of democratization.
Using photothermal radiometry to enable real-time sintering density measurements
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: September 2023

Measurements of thermal diffusivity can increase speed, efficiency, and reliability of electronic field assisted sintering techniques.
Compact multi-channel radio frequency pulse-sequence generator with fast-switching capability for cold-atom interferometers
Authors: Jiang Min , Lu Si-Bin , Li Yang , Sun Chuan , Yao Zhan-Wei , Li Shao-Kang , Chen Hong-Hui , Chen Xiao-Li , Lu Ze-Xi , Mao Yin-Fei , Li Run-Bing , Wang Jin , Zhan Ming-Sheng
Published: September 2023

Cold-atom interferometers have matured into a powerful tool for fundamental physics research, and they are currently moving from realizations in the laboratory to applications in the field. A radio frequency (RF) generator is an indispensable component of these devices for controlling lasers and manipulating atoms. In this work, we developed a compact RF generator for fast switching and sweeping the frequencies and amplitudes of atomic-interference pulse sequences. In this generator, multi-channel RF signals are generated using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to control eight direct digital synthesizers (DDSs). We further propose and demonstrate a method for pre-loading the parameters of all the RF pulse sequences to the DDS registers before their execution, which eliminates the need for data transfer between the FPGA and DDSs to change RF signals. This sharply decreases the frequency-switching time when the pulse sequences are running. Performance characterization showed that the generated RF signals achieve a 100 ns frequency-switching time and a 40 dB harmonic-rejection ratio. The generated RF pulse sequences were applied to a cold-atom-interferometer gyroscope, and the contrast of atomic interference fringes was found to reach 38%. This compact multi-channel generator with fast frequency/amplitude switching and/or sweeping capability will be beneficial for applications in field-portable atom interferometers.
Interface state analysis of Schottky-gated p-AlGaN/u-GaN/AlGaN p-FET with negligible hysteresis at high temperatures
Authors: Su Huake , Zhang Tao , Xu Shengrui , Tao Hongchang , Yun Boxiang , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: September 2023

In this Letter, we demonstrate the Schottky gated p-AlGaN/u-GaN/AlGaN p-channel field-effect transistors (p-FETs) with an extremely low interface state density of 2.5 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1. Benefiting from the high-quality Schottky interface with suppressed interface states, the excellent stability with negligible hysteresis is proved, even after ten sequential dual I–V sweeps at 150 °C. Meanwhile, the trap density, confirmed by the temperature-dependent conductance method, is still below 1012 cm−2 eV−1 at high temperature. Furthermore, the fabricated p-AlGaN/u-GaN/AlGaN p-FET with a gate to drain distance of 1.8 μm shows a breakdown voltage of −128 V and an effective on-resistance of 7.2 kΩ mm, which allows the further scale down in terms of the source–drain spacing to improve the conduction current for low voltage application. The ultra-stable I–V characteristics of the fabricated Schottky-gated p-AlGaN/u-GaN/AlGaN p-FETs show great potential for next-generation integrated circuit application at high temperatures.
High-entropy effect at rare-earth site in DyNi
Authors: Nakamura Yuito , Takeshita Koshin , Nishizaki Terukazu , Kitagawa Jiro
Published: September 2023

We report the structural and magnetic properties of RNi (R = Dy, Tb1/3Dy1/3Ho1/3, and Gd1/5Tb1/5Dy1/5Ho1/5Er1/5) to investigate the high-entropy effect at the rare-earth site. The lattice parameters are almost unchanged by the increase of configurational entropy, which is due to the successive partial substitution of Dy by a pair of rare earth elements located on both sides of Dy in the Periodic Table. All compounds exhibit ferromagnetic ground states. The replacement of Dy with Tb + Ho, which does not have magnetic interactions in competition with Dy, does not affect the magnetic ordering temperature. Although (Gd1/5Tb1/5Dy1/5Ho1/5Er1/5)Ni shows the Curie temperature close to that of DyNi, an additional magnetic anomaly, which would be a spin reorientation, is observed probably due to the introduction of competing magnetic interactions between R = Gd and Er compounds and R = Tb, Dy, and Ho ones. We have also assessed the magnetocaloric effect, and the configurational entropy dependence of the magnetic entropy change reflects that of the temperature derivative of the magnetic susceptibility. Our analysis suggests the possibility of enhancing magnetocaloric properties by designing the anisotropy of rare-earth magnetic moments in the high-entropy state.
Integrating magnons for quantum information
Authors: Jiang Zhihao , Lim Jinho , Li Yi , Pfaff Wolfgang , Lo Tzu-Hsiang , Qian Jiangchao , Schleife André , Zuo Jian-Min , Novosad Valentine , Hoffmann Axel
Published: September 2023

Magnons, the quanta of collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered materials, have distinct properties that make them uniquely appealing for quantum information applications. They can have ultra-small wavelengths down to the nanometer scale even at microwave frequencies. They can provide coupling to a diverse set of other quantum excitations, and their inherently gyrotropic dynamics forms the basis for pronounced nonreciprocities. In this article, we discuss what the current research challenges are for integrating magnetic materials into quantum information systems and provide a perspective on how to address them.
Power flow in magnetically insulated transmission lines with ion backscatter effects
Authors: Tummel K. , Link A. J. , Welch D. R. , Rose D. V. , Stygar W. A. , Hutsel B. T. , LeChien K. R.
Published: September 2023

Ion backscattering off of surfaces in magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) is often ignored in kinetic simulations of MITL power flow. Backscattering reduces ion current losses and the surface impact heating, which dictates the rate at which surface-adsorbed contaminants are liberated into the anode–cathode gap. Backscatter probabilities are difficult to implement in a kinetic code because there are limited data for incident ion energies less than a few keV. This paper presents an analytic model based on the Rutherford scattering formula that reproduces the measured backscatter probabilities at high incident energies and transitions to the highly reflective behavior expected at low incident energies. The backscatter model is implemented in power flow simulations, which are validated with current loss experiments conducted on the 0.4 TW Mykonos accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories. This simulation setup is then used in a high-current Z-machine shot. Backscatter effects are found to be unimportant in the low-current Mykonos regime but significantly reduce current losses at the Z-machine scale.
Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review
Authors: Raj M Kiran , Priyadarshani Jyotsana , Karan Pratyaksh , Bandyopadhyay Saumyadwip , Bhattacharya Soumya , Chakraborty Suman
Published: September 2023

Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of “on-chip” technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
Study of multilayer flow of two immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous dissipation
Authors: Umavathi Jawali C. , Basavarajappa Mahanthesh
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulations for the mixed convective multilayer flow of two different immiscible nanofluids in a duct with viscous heating effects were performed in this study. The left and right faces of the duct are maintained to be isothermal, while other side faces are insulated. The mathematical governing system for each layer consists of an incompressibility condition equation, the Navier–Stokes momentum equation, and the conservation of energy equation. At the interface of the immiscible layer, the continuity of velocity, shear stress, temperature, and heat flux are considered. The dimensionless equations governing each layer were numerically integrated using the finite difference method and the Southwell-over-relaxation method. A mesh independence test is conducted. Furthermore, a parametric study is performed to analyze how the different nanoparticle volume fractions and viscous heating affect the transport characteristics of engine oil–copper and mineral oil–silver nanofluids. The study also examined the effects of various types of nanoparticles and base fluids. The results demonstrated that heat transport could be efficiently controlled by considering the viscous heating aspect. Moreover, the effects of different nanoparticles on heat transport were found to be more significant than those of base fluids. Finally, a point-wise comparison of our numerical results demonstrates a good agreement with existing studies in the literature.
Investigating the accuracy of density functional methods for molecules in electric fields
Authors: Scheele Tarek , Neudecker Tim
Published: September 2023

The use of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) as a potential tool for catalyzing chemical reactions has gained traction in recent years. Electronic structure calculations using OEEFs are commonly done using methods based on density functional theory (DFT), but until now, the performance of DFT methods for calculating molecules in OEEFs had not been assessed in a more general scope. Looking at the accuracy of molecular geometries, electronic energies, and electric dipole moments compared to accurate coupled-cluster with perturbative triples data, we have investigated a wide variety of density functionals using different basis sets to determine how well the individual functionals perform on various types of chemical bonds. We found that most functionals accurately calculate geometries in OEEFs and that small basis sets are sufficient in many cases. Calculations of electronic energies show a significant error introduced by the OEEF, which the use of a larger basis set helps mitigate. Our findings show that DFT methods can be used for accurate calculations in OEEFs, allowing researchers to make full use of the advantages that they bring.
Neural network learned Pauli potential for the advancement of orbital-free density functional theory
Authors: Gangwar Aparna , Bulusu Satya S. , Banerjee Arup
Published: September 2023

The Pauli kinetic energy functional and its functional derivative, termed Pauli potential, play a crucial role in the successful implementation of orbital-free density functional theory for electronic structure calculations. However, the exact forms of these two quantities are not known. Therefore, perforce, one employs the approximate forms for the Pauli functional or Pauli potential for performing orbital-free density functional calculations. In the present study, we developed a feed-forward neural network-based representation for the Pauli potential using a 1-dimensional (1-D) model system. We expanded density in terms of basis functions, and the coefficients of the expansion were used as input to a feed-forward neural network. Using the neural network-based representation of the Pauli potential, we calculated the ground-state densities of the 1-D model system by solving the Euler equation. We calculated the Pauli kinetic energy using the neural network-based Pauli potential employing the exact relation between the Pauli kinetic energy functional and the potential. The sum of the neural network-based Pauli kinetic energy and the von Weizsäcker kinetic energy resulted in an accurate estimation of the total kinetic energy. The approach presented in this paper can be employed for the calculation of Pauli potential and Pauli kinetic energy, obviating the need for a functional derivative. The present study is an important step in the advancement of application of machine learning-based techniques toward the orbital-free density functional theory-based methods.
A topological gap waveguide based on unidirectional locking of pseudo-spins
Authors: Ren Yan , Lin Hai , Zhou Rui , Shi Xintong , Jin Jing , Liu Y.
Published: September 2023

Photonic topological insulators have been widely studied due to the robustness of energy transport via supported edge modes immune to structural disorder. In this work, a topological gap waveguide is constructed by introducing line defect into a topological photonic crystal structure and combining it with a gap waveguide structure, the design of which, therefore, combines the advantages of both topological and gap waveguides. Not only does it give high transmission efficiency but it also enables high robustness for energy transmission under structural defects and sharp bends. Our proposed topological waveguide design can be implemented with conventional semiconductor technology and integrated into optical circuits for communication systems.
Predicting thermoacoustic stability characteristics of longitudinal combustors using different endpoint conditions with a low Mach number flow
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Dan , Cheng Li , Shelton Cody M. , Majdalani Joseph
Published: September 2023

Combustion instability frequently occurs in propulsion and power generation systems. It is characterized by large-amplitude acoustic oscillations leading to undesirable consequences. Designing a stable combustor by predicting its stability characteristics is therefore essential. This study centers upon modeling a straight one-dimensional combustor with an acoustically compact heat source, low Mach numbers, and different end point conditions. To predict the stability characteristics, we examine six combustor configurations (open–closed, closed–closed, open–choked, closed–choked, open–open, and closed–open). A Galerkin expansion technique is implemented to capture the acoustic disturbances. The unsteady heat release is modeled using an N−τ formulation. The results show that steepening of the mean temperature gradient causes the eigenfrequency associated with an open outlet to increase more rapidly than that of a choked nozzle. Compared to a choked boundary, an open outlet generates higher eigenfrequencies and lower sound energy when coupled with an open inlet. Conversely, it triggers lower eigenfrequencies and higher sound energy using a closed inlet. The maximum possible growth of sound energy, Gmax, remains positively correlated with the inlet temperature, interaction index N, and inlet Mach number, but inversely proportional to the temperature gradient. The heat source extrema leading to the most and least amplified system energy seem to shift upstream, when the mean temperature gradient is successively increased. Their coordinates are similar in half-open tubes and exhibit a converse relation between the open–open and closed–choked tubes. At sufficiently low Mach numbers, the choked and closed outlets show equivalence in acoustic frequencies, transient energy evolution, and optimal heat source locations.
Atomic insights into the effect of rapid heating pretreatment on the mechanical stability of ⟨100⟩ symmetrical tilt GBs in nanocrystalline materials
Authors: Wang Yaodong , Li Chunpeng , Li Jiejie , Li Jianjun
Published: September 2023

Nanograined materials possess ultrahigh strength, while their processing and technological applications are constrained by inherent thermal and mechanical instability. Existing experiments show that the stability of Cu nanograins can be enhanced by performing a rapid heating pretreatment that reduces the grain boundary (GB) energy by changing the GB structure. The variation in the GB structure inevitably affects the migration mechanism of GBs. However, the effect of the pretreatment-induced variation in migration mechanisms on stability remains unclear. Here, the shear deformation of a series of ⟨100⟩ symmetrical tilt GBs after rapid heating pretreatment is systematically investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations of unheated GBs are also included for comparison. Our results show that the rapid heating pretreatment does not improve the mechanical stability of GBs with tilt angles larger than 36.87° but rather enhances the mechanical stability of those with tilt angles less than 36.87° by the transformation of migration behavior from the normal ⟨110⟩ mode to (i) a ⟨100⟩ mode; (ii) an inhomogeneous mixed one that reconciles the ⟨110⟩ and ⟨100⟩ modes; and (iii) an inhomogeneous ⟨110⟩ mode. The former leads to an increase in the critical shear stress that is required to initiate the migration, whereas the latter two result in a decrease in the migration distance. The variation in the GB migration mechanism is attributed to the change in the GB structure from an ordered kite structure to a disordered one. The research gives an atomic insight into the stabilizing mechanism of nanocrystalline materials with rapid heating pretreatment.
Investigation on the effect of coating properties on transient mixed lubrication of gas foil bearing
Authors: Wang Chenfei , Wang Xiaoli , Hu Yanqiang , Zheng Chen
Published: September 2023

To reveal the effect of coating properties on the mixed lubrication evolution during the start–stop process of gas foil bearing (GFB), a transient gas mixed lubrication-wear model for coating surface is established. In the developed model, a method of the extended equivalent modulus by the film thickness ratio is proposed, which can extend the classic Greenwood and Tripp contact model for homogeneous materials to the coating contact involving layered materials. Moreover, a gas foil bearing start–stop experiment is conducted to verify the predicted results of the developed model. The effects of coating materials and standard deviation of coating surface on the start–stop performance of GFB are investigated. Within the scope of this article, the results show that during start-up, the gas film pressure first increases and then decreases with the increase in time, the minimum film thickness increases, while the asperity contact decreases. The opposite evolution is observed during shut-down. Compared with uncoated GFB, the friction torque and lift-off speed of GFB with polyimide (PI) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are reduced, with PI reducing friction torque by 24.27% and PTFE by 49.03%. The minimum lift-off speed with PTFE is the smallest. The lift-off speed, friction torque, and wear volume increase with the increase in the standard deviation of coating surface. The friction torque and lift-off speed decrease as the start–stop cycle increases until both reach stability. This paper can provide theoretical guidance for the design of the top foil coating surface of GFB.
Inlet static pressure ratio effect on vortex structure downstream of the flameholder in subsonic–supersonic mixing flow
Authors: Huang Yakun , Yao Zhaohui , Zhu Zhixin , Zheng Quan , Zhao Dan , He Xiaomin
Published: September 2023

The flow field characteristics downstream of the evaporative flameholder in the subsonic–supersonic mixing flow were experimentally investigated. The study focused on examining the effects of different inlet static pressure ratios characterized by supersonic and subsonic flow parameters. The results indicated that the increase in the static pressure ratio enhanced the fragmentation of the multiple vortices downstream of the flameholder located in the subsonic mainstream. It also exacerbated the asymmetry in the recirculation zone downstream of the flameholder and strengthened the tendency of the fluid to flow from one vortex to another. The regions with higher vorticity were mainly concentrated in the subsonic–supersonic shear layer between the subsonic and supersonic mainstream and the subsonic–subsonic shear layer region downstream of the flameholder. Furthermore, an increase in the static pressure ratio widened the range of peak distribution while reducing the magnitude of the peaks. The recirculation zone downstream of the flameholder exhibited four distinct changes in the vortex structure as the static pressure ratio increased from 1.07 to 1.96. These typical changes in the vortex structure observed are as follows: asymmetric dual-vortex structure, single vortex structure (away from the supersonic mainstream region), asymmetric dual-vortex structure, and single vortex structure (near the supersonic mainstream region).
Theoretical investigations of positron collisions with phosphorus-containing compounds
Authors: Mahla Sapna , Antony Bobby
Published: September 2023

A theoretical investigation of positron scattering from phosphorus-containing compounds (viz., PH3, P2H4, PCl3, PF3, PBr3, POF3, POCl3, and H2PO4) is reported in this article. The quantum mechanical potential scattering approach is utilized to calculate integral elastic, excitation, momentum transfer, direct ionization, positronium formation, total ionization, inelastic, differential, and total cross sections on a fine energy grid from 1 to 5000 eV. The ionization contribution in the inelastic scattering is estimated using the complex scattering potential-ionization contribution technique. Prior research on positron collisions with these targets is scarce; as a result, the purpose of this study is to make up, at least in part, for this deficiency in cross-section data. In addition to being pertinent to positron transport analyses, such as Monte Carlo methods, the current results should be useful to benchmark the accuracy and validity of positron molecule collision computations and, more significantly, to compare these calculations with related electron scattering outcomes. Furthermore, the calculated cross sections of PH3 are compared with NH3 and other phosphorus-containing compounds. The analysis makes it abundantly evident that the atoms on the periphery of a molecule have a substantially larger impact on the scattering process than the central atom. To analyze the scattering dynamics of positrons and their anti-particle electrons, a comparative study of cross sections of H2PO4 and H2SO4 is also presented. For most of these targets, positron calculations are carried out for the first time.
Magnetic field-induced phase transition in ilmenite-type CoVO3
Authors: Yamamoto Hajime , Wu Hung-Cheng , Miyake Atsushi , Tokunaga Masashi , Suzuki Akio , Honda Takashi , Kimura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

The ilmenite-type CoVO3 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition below 140 K, and the tetravalent vanadium ions form V–V dimers below 550 K. This paper presents the magnetic spin structure and the phase transition induced by a magnetic field in CoVO3. Neutron powder diffraction at 50 K reveals that the spins of Co2+ arrange in a zigzag order on the honeycomb lattice with no external magnetic field. This magnetic spin structure does not exhibit spontaneous magnetization, corroborating previous magnetic measurements. Magnetization measurements in a pulsed-magnetic field revealed a transition to a weak-ferromagnetic phase at 37 T (100 K) and above 50 T (4.2 K), with spontaneous magnetization approximating 0.3–0.5 μB/f.u. This phase transition could potentially be attributed to a transition to a canted antiferromagnetic phase, which is brought about by the reduction in structural symmetry due to magnetostriction.
Hamiltonian description for magnetic field lines in fusion plasmas: A tutorial
Authors: Viana R. L. , Mugnaine M. , Caldas I. L.
Published: September 2023

Under certain circumstances, the equations for the magnetic field lines can be recast in a canonical form after defining a suitable field line Hamiltonian. This analogy is extremely useful for dealing with a variety of problems involving magnetically confined plasmas, like in tokamaks and other toroidal devices, where there is usually one symmetric coordinate that plays the role of time in the canonical equations. In this tutorial paper, we review the basics of the Hamiltonian description for magnetic field lines, emphasizing the role of a variational principle and gauge invariance. We present representative applications of the formalism using cylindrical and magnetic flux coordinates in tokamak plasmas.
A general fractal structure approach to the study of the thermodynamic properties of liquids and its applications
Authors: Esmer Mesut Y. , Mamedov Bahtiyar A.
Published: September 2023

The calculation of liquid heat capacity in its general form is one of the most challenging subjects in condensed matter physics due to the dynamical disorder of liquids, in contrast to the solid phase, and the strong interactions involved, unlike the gas phase. Despite these difficulties, a phonon theory of liquids has been proposed, although the discussion has been limited to a Debye-type density of states. In the present paper, we adopt a new approach: rather than focusing on the Debye model, we extend the Debye-type density of states to fractal spaces and obtain an expression for the liquid heat capacity based on a fractal model. We develop a new method for calculating the heat capacity of liquids using the fractal concept of substances. To verify the proposed approach, formulas are derived for the temperature dependence of the heat capacity of liquid Hg for various fractal dimensions. Our approach can be applied to both the quantum and classical regimes and can be reduced to the phonon theory of liquids and solids in the limiting cases.
An energy-stable and conservative numerical method for multicomponent Maxwell–Stefan model with rock compressibility
Authors: Kou Jisheng , Wang Xiuhua , Chen Huangxin , Sun Shuyu
Published: September 2023

Numerical simulation of gas flow in porous media is becoming increasingly attractive due to its importance in shale and natural gas production and carbon dioxide sequestration. In this paper, taking molar densities as the primary unknowns rather than the pressure and molar fractions, we propose an alternative formulation of multicomponent Maxwell–Stefan (MS) model with rock compressibility. Benefiting from the definitions of gas and solid free energies, this MS formulation has a distinct feature that it follows an energy dissipation law, and namely, it is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. Additionally, the formulation obeys the famous Onsager's reciprocal principle. An efficient energy-stable numerical scheme is constructed using the stabilized energy factorization approach for the Helmholtz free energy density and certain carefully designed formulations involving explicit and implicit mixed treatments for the coupling between molar densities, pressure, and porosity. We rigorously prove that the scheme inherits the energy dissipation law at the discrete level. The fully discrete scheme has the ability to ensure the mass conservation law for each component as well as preserve the Onsager's reciprocal principle. Numerical tests are conducted to verify our theories, and in particular, to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed scheme in energy stability and mass conservation as expected from our theories.
Marshall–Olkin Weibull–Burr XII distribution with application to physics data
Authors: Alsadat Najwan , Nagarjuna Vasili B. V. , Hassan Amal S. , Elgarhy Mohammed , Ahmad Hijaz , Almetwally Ehab M.
Published: September 2023

The focus of this study is a new lifetime distribution with five parameters created by combining the Weibull–Burr XII model and the Marshall–Olkin-G family. The newly suggested model is known as the Marshall–Olkin Weibull–Burr XII (MOWBXII) distribution. The new distribution has the benefit of being able to model different types of data, and it is useful in reliability and lifespan statistics. Several current distributions as well as new distributions are included in the MOWBXII distribution. The MOWBXII density function is represented as a linear combination of Burr XII densities. Some statistical properties of the MOWBXII distribution are discussed. Various techniques for estimating the model’s parameters are used. The proposed estimation methods are weighted least squares, maximum likelihood, least squares, and maximum product of spacing methods. The effectiveness of different estimates is evaluated in terms of relative bias and mean squared error of the simulation study. Practical illustrations of the MOWBXII distribution are demonstrated using two real datasets. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed distribution fits well, and this is claimed by comparing with Burr XII-based distributions and some other distributions by means of some measures of goodness-of-fit.
Computational analysis of influence of CFJ components on aerodynamic performance
Authors: Vigneswaran C. M. , VishnuKumar G. C.
Published: September 2023

This research aims to explore the effect of the co-flow jet (CFJ) airfoil injection jet velocity, injection height, and injection mass flow rate on the aerodynamic coefficient through numerical analysis. Five distinct circumstances are generated by adjusting the jet velocity, injection height, and mass flow rate, and each of the cases underwent numerical investigation. For this computational analysis, Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver has been utilized by employing the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model, and the flow is treated as incompressible. The higher injection slots reduce the coefficient of lift (CL) due to poor aerodynamic shape, which can be overcome by injecting higher jet velocities, whereas lower jet velocities injecting into lower injection slots do not raise the CL even though they have streamlined aerodynamic shape. Hence, even if CFJ airfoils with poor geometry perform less aerodynamically, this problem is not intractable because it can be solved by injecting high jet velocities; meanwhile, injecting low velocities will result in reduced aerodynamic performance for CFJ airfoils with good geometry. The CFJ airfoil with the highest jet velocity and lowest injection slot increases the CL by a maximum of 65% compared to the baseline airfoil, which is higher than all other CFJ airfoils taken into consideration.
Externalized histones fuel pulmonary fibrosis via a platelet-macrophage circuit of TGFβ1 and IL-27
Authors: Riehl Dennis R. , Sharma Arjun , Roewe Julian , Murke Florian , Ruppert Clemens , Eming Sabine A. , Bopp Tobias , Kleinert Hartmut , Radsak Markus P. , Colucci Giuseppe , Subramaniam Saravanan , Reinhardt Christoph , Giebel Bernd , Prinz Immo , Guenther Andreas , Strand Dennis , Gunzer Matthias , Waisman Ari , Ward Peter A. , Ruf Wolfram , Schäfer Katrin , Bosmann Markus
Published: September 2023

Externalized histones erupt from the nucleus as extracellular traps, are associated with several acute and chronic lung disorders, but their implications in the molecular pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease are incompletely defined. To investigate the role and molecular mechanisms of externalized histones within the immunologic networks of pulmonary fibrosis, we studied externalized histones in human and animal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples of lung fibrosis. Neutralizing anti-histone antibodies were administered in bleomycin-induced fibrosis of C57BL/6 J mice, and subsequent studies used conditional/constitutive knockout mouse strains for TGFβ and IL-27 signaling along with isolated platelets and cultured macrophages. We found that externalized histones (citH3) were significantly (
P
< 0.01) increased in cell-free BAL fluids of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF;
n
= 29) as compared to healthy controls (
n
= 10). The pulmonary sources of externalized histones were Ly6G
+
CD11b
+
neutrophils and nonhematopoietic cells after bleomycin in mice. Neutralizing monoclonal anti-histone H2A/H4 antibodies reduced the pulmonary collagen accumulation and hydroxyproline concentration. Histones activated platelets to release TGFβ1, which signaled through the TGFbRI/TGFbRII receptor complex on LysM
+
cells to antagonize macrophage-derived IL-27 production. TGFβ1 evoked multiple downstream mechanisms in macrophages, including p38 MAPK, tristetraprolin, IL-10, and binding of SMAD3 to the IL-27 promotor regions. IL-27RA-deficient mice displayed more severe collagen depositions suggesting that intact IL-27 signaling limits fibrosis. In conclusion, externalized histones inactivate a safety switch of antifibrotic, macrophage-derived IL-27 by boosting platelet-derived TGFβ1. Externalized histones are accessible to neutralizing antibodies for improving the severity of experimental pulmonary fibrosis.
Refining S-acylation: Structure, regulation, dynamics, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Anwar Muhammad U. , van der Goot F. Gisou
Published: September 2023

With a limited number of genes, cells achieve remarkable diversity. This is to a large extent achieved by chemical posttranslational modifications of proteins. Amongst these are the lipid modifications that have the unique ability to confer hydrophobicity. The last decade has revealed that lipid modifications of proteins are extremely frequent and affect a great variety of cellular pathways and physiological processes. This is particularly true for S-acylation, the only reversible lipid modification. The enzymes involved in S-acylation and deacylation are only starting to be understood, and the list of proteins that undergo this modification is ever-increasing. We will describe the state of knowledge on the enzymes that regulate S-acylation, from their structure to their regulation, how S-acylation influences target proteins, and finally will offer a perspective on how alterations in the balance between S-acylation and deacylation may contribute to disease.
Design principles for engineering wetlands to improve resilience of coupled built and natural water infrastructure
Authors: Shah Reepal , Tsai Yushiou , Stampoulis Dimitrios , Damavandi Hamidreza Ghasemi , Sabo John
Published: September 2023

Intensifying climate extremes and the ageing of built infrastructure have prompted the idea of replacing the ageing built infrastructure with natural infrastructure. In this paper, we discuss how a distributed portfolio of smaller wetlands performs compared to a flood control reservoir in terms of flood mitigation. Using a framework of a loosely coupled land surface model with a hydrodynamic model, in the Brazos basin (Texas), we find that (i) two smaller wetlands have more impact on flood mitigation than one double sized wetland, and (ii) creating multiple wetlands (prioritized based on storage) increases flood mitigation. Further, we find that a portfolio of wetlands equivalent to the size of the submergence area of the biggest flood control reservoir (Whitney) in the basin, can create additional flood control storage, equivalent to ∼10% of the total storage of Lake Whitney. Creating a portfolio of wetlands can increase the overall resiliency of the basin.
Translational biomaterials of four-dimensional bioprinting for tissue regeneration
Authors: Faber Leah , Yau Anne , Chen Yupeng
Published: September 2023

Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that combines living cells, biomaterials, and biological molecules to develop biologically functional constructs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is commonly used as an in vitro modeling system and is a more accurate representation of in vivo conditions in comparison to two-dimensional cell culture. Although 3D bioprinting has been utilized in various tissue engineering and clinical applications, it only takes into consideration the initial state of the printed scaffold or object. Four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting has emerged in recent years to incorporate the additional dimension of time within the printed 3D scaffolds. During the 4D bioprinting process, an external stimulus is exposed to the printed construct, which ultimately changes its shape or functionality. By studying how the structures and the embedded cells respond to various stimuli, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the functionality of native tissues. This review paper will focus on the biomaterial breakthroughs in the newly advancing field of 4D bioprinting and their applications in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition, the use of smart biomaterials and 4D printing mechanisms for tissue engineering applications is discussed to demonstrate potential insights for novel 4D bioprinting applications. To address the current challenges with this technology, we will conclude with future perspectives involving the incorporation of biological scaffolds and self-assembling nanomaterials in bioprinted tissue constructs.
Rigidity of center Lyapunov exponents for Anosov diffeomorphisms on 3-torus
Authors: Yu Daohua , Gu Ruihao
Published: September 2023

Let

f
f

and

g
g

be two Anosov diffeomorphisms on

T

3

\mathbb {T}^3

with three-subbundles partially hyperbolic splittings where the weak stable subbundles are considered as center subbundles. Assume that

f
f

is conjugate to

g
g

and the conjugacy preserves the strong stable foliation, then their center Lyapunov exponents of corresponding periodic points coincide. This is the converse of the main result of Gogolev and Guysinsky [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 22 (2008), pp. 183–200]. Moreover, we get the same result for partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms derived from Anosov on

T

3

\mathbb {T}^3

.
Convergence of power sequences of B-operators with applications to stability
Authors: Chavan Sameer , Jabłoński Zenon , Jung Il Bong , Stochel Jan
Published: September 2023

The B-operators (abbreviation for Brownian-type operators) are upper triangular

2
×
2

2\times 2

block matrix operators that satisfy certain algebraic constraints. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the weak, the strong and the uniform stability of B-operators, respectively. This is achieved by giving equivalent conditions for the convergence of powers of a B-operator in each of the corresponding topologies. A more subtle characterization is obtained for B-operators with subnormal

(
2
,
2
)

(2,2)

entry. The issue of the strong stability of the adjoint of a B-operator is also discussed.
Excoriating Stalin, Criticizing Mao
Authors: Wagner Martin
Published: September 2023

Stalin and Mao both left pasts of terror and trauma their heirs had to address to embark on reforms that altered the quality of governance. In 1956 and 1978, Nikita Khrushchev and Deng Xiaoping confronted their Communist Parties with painful pasts and reevaluated the leaders’ respective legacies. Although facing similar challenges in dealing with the devastating ramifications of arbitrary rule and cults of personality, Soviet and Chinese strategies to approaching party history strongly differed. Diachronically comparing post-Stalinist and post-Maoist politics of memory reveals how communist regimes came to terms with the past. Analyzing synchronic and diachronic transfers between Moscow and Beijing demonstrates the lessons Deng Xiaoping drew from Soviet de-Stalinization and China’s perception of it in the late 1970s. Thus, Sino-Soviet reevaluations of the past were entangled, and not only because Deng Xiaoping—who had attended the Soviet Party Congress in 1956—shaped China’s interpretation of it and took the lead in revising Mao’s legacy in the 1970s.
Neighborhood Deprivation, Perceived Stress, and Pregnancy-Related Hypertension Phenotypes a Decade Following Pregnancy
Authors: Scott Jewel , Hauspurg Alisse , Muldoon Matthew F , Davis Esa M , Catov Janet M
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and other adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) increase the risk of developing chronic hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Perceptions of stress and neighborhood context also influence blood pressure (BP) fluctuations. We examined if APOs, higher perceived stress, and neighborhood deprivation were associated with hypertension phenotypes a decade after pregnancy in untreated individuals.

METHODS

Participants were 360 individuals who gave birth between 2008 and 2009 and participated in a research study 8–10 years following pregnancy. Standardized office and home BP readings were obtained, and we applied the AHA/ACC 2017 guidelines to identify sustained, white coat, and masked hypertension phenotypes. We measured personal stress with the perceived stress scale and neighborhood deprivation with the CDC Social Vulnerability Index.

RESULTS

Of the 38.3% (138/360) with any hypertension, 26.1% (36/138) reported a diagnosis of hypertension but were currently untreated. Sustained hypertension was the most common (17.8%), followed by masked and white coat hypertension, both 10.3%. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were associated with sustained (odds ratio [OR] 5.54 [95% confidence interval, CI 2.46, 12.46] and white coat phenotypes (OR 4.20 [1.66, 10.60], but not masked hypertension (OR 1.74 [0.62, 4.90]). Giving birth to a small for gestational age infant was also associated with sustained hypertension. In covariate adjusted models, perceived stress, but not neighborhood deprivation, was significantly associated with masked hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS

A decade after delivery, APOs were associated with sustained and white coat hypertension, but not masked hypertension. Exploration of the mechanisms underlying, and clinical implications of, these associations is warranted.