bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of lateral displacement induced by jet grouting in clayey soils
Authors: Shen S. L. , Wang Z. F. , Cheng W. C.
Published: January 2017

The installation of jet-grouted columns in soft ground can induce lateral displacement resulting from injection of a great amount of water and grout into the ground, which may then lead on to further significant effects. This paper presents an approach to estimate the lateral displacement due to the installation of a jet-grouted column in clayey soils. Assuming that the installation of a jet-grouted column is represented by the expansion of a cylindrical cavity with a uniform radial stress applied at the plastic–elastic interface in a half-plane, the analytical solution developed by Verruijt is adopted in this study to calculate the lateral displacements attributable to the expansion of the cylindrical cavity. An empirical equation that accounts for the jetting parameters (jetting pressure, flow rate of the fluid and rod withdrawal rate) and soil properties (soil type and its undrained shear strength) has been developed to determine the radius of the plastic zone. Three case histories analysed in this paper demonstrate that the proposed method can be used for estimation of the lateral displacement caused by installing jet-grouted columns in clayey soils, despite minor discrepancies from the group column installation case between the predicted and measured values. These minor discrepancies can most likely be attributed to the omission of the effect of installation sequence and rheological properties of the grout in the calculation.
Water distribution network optimisation using a modified central force optimisation method
Authors: Jabbary Azadeh , Podeh Hasan Torabi , Younesi Hojatollah , Haghiabi Amir Hamzeh
Published: January 2017

In the present research, the application of a proposed, modified, central force optimisation method for multi-objective optimisation of water distribution systems is examined. This new method is based on a central force optimisation algorithm in which the non-dominated sorting plus crowding distance calculator mechanisms produce optimal Pareto solutions in objective functions trade-offs. Minimising pipe-sizing cost and maximising new reliability measures are considered as objective functions. The method is written in Matlab and linked with Epanet water distribution software. Employing the method to solve the Kadu and Khorramshahr water distribution networks shows its capability to produce well-distributed optimal Pareto solutions for cost and reliability. Also, by utilising a fuzzy ranking method, a best compromise solution for two objectives can be extracted from the optimal Pareto set.
USO DO TERRITÓRIO E IMPACTOS DAS CONSTRUÇÕES DE HIDROELÉTRICAS NA BACIA DO RIO ARAGUARI (AMAPÁ-BRASIL)
Authors: Da Silva Christian Nunes , De Lima Ricardo Ângelo Pereira , Da Silva João Marcio Palheta
Published: January 2017

Discutir a gestão de políticas públicas e o uso dos recursos naturais implica identificar estes recursos, seu potencial e diversidade bem como considerar a racionalidade do processo de apropriação ao qual estes recursos estão submetidos, suas condições de acesso e controle por parte do Estado e da sociedade, em usos diferenciados do e no território. Neste sentido, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o uso do território na Amazônia setentrional brasileira, por meio da implantação das Usinas Hidrelétricas (UHE) no rio Araguari, no estado do Amapá. Sem dúvida, a geração de energia é uma atividade necessária para a manutenção da qualidade de vida das populações, porém, monitorar e entender essas atividades é imprescindível para se evitar possíveis efeitos negativos de sua instalação e operação, tanto para o meio ambiente quanto para as populações atingidas direta e indiretamente pela instalação de grandes obras, como uma UHE.
Runavík, Heiðarnar, Saltangará og onnur bygdarnøvn har á leið / Runavík, Heiðarnar, Saltangará and other village names in the vicinity
Authors: Weyhe Eivind
Published: January 2017

Úrtak Í greinini viðger høvundurin nøvnini á teim­­um gomlu bygdunum Glyvrum, Toft­um og Nesi og á teimum ungu bygdunum Heiðunum/ Saltangará, Runavík, Saltnesi, Rituvík og Æðu­vík, sum allar eru í einum øki eystan fyri Skálafjørðin í Eysturoynni. Sam­bandið millum gamlar markatals­bygd­ir og yngri niðursetu­bygd­ir í økinum verð­ur lýst. Serligur dentur verður lagdur á at útgreina hvørji landafrøðilig økir nøvnini Runavík, Heiðarnar og Saltang­ará vísa til, og at tolka hesi nøvn. Forliðið í Runa­vík verður tolkað sum annaðhvørt runi k. ‘gøltur’ ella run kv. ‘áarløkur’. Viðvíkjandi navn­inum Saltangará, sum í hvussu er síðan miðskeiðis í 19. øld vanliga hevur verið fatað sum eitt áarnavn og síðan eisini er blivið bygdarnavn, tekur høvundurin undir við Gösta Holm (1992) sum tolkar tað sum eitt upp­runaligt økisnavn, *Salt­handara ‘øki handan fyri Saltnes’. Tað hev­ur verið navn á einum øki í haganum á Toftum, men gjørdist mitt í 19. øld navn á nýggj­ari búseting í haganum hjá Glyvrum, eisini nevnd Glyvraheiðar ella Heið­arnar ‘torv­heiðar hjá Glyvrum’. Navnið Salt­ang­ará er sostatt flutt av Toftum til Glyvrar.Abstract In this article the author discusses the names of the ancient villages Glyvrar, Toftir and Nes, as well as those of the more recent arrivals Heiðarnar/Saltangará, Runa­vik, Saltnes, Rituvík and Æðuvík, all of which are located in an area east of Skálafjørður on the island of Eysturoy. The relationship between the old-established villages and the newer deve­lop­ments is described. Particular emphasis is placed on determining the geographical areas referred to by the names Runavík, Heiðarnar and Saltangará, and on explaining these names. The first element in Runavík is taken to be either runi m. ‘hog’ or run f. ‘small stream’. As far as Saltangará is concerned, which since the middle of the nineteenth century at least has generally been seen as the name of a stream – and subsequently also used of the new village – the author supports the suggestion of Gösta Holm (1992) that it was originally applied to a whole area: *Salthandara ‘the area beyond Saltnes’. It was once the name of part of the Toftir outfield, but in the middle of the nineteenth century became used of a new settlement in the Glyvrar outfield, also known as Glyvraheiðar or Heiðarnar ‘the Glyvrar peat bogs’. The name Saltangará has thus moved from Toftir to Glyvrar.
KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DAN PERAN LEMBAGA AGAMA DI BANYUMAS JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Muzayanah Umi
Published: January 2017

Kabupaten Banyumas menempati posisi sepuluh besar di Jawa Tengah dalam kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT), yang didominasi pada kekerasan terhadap anak dan perempuan. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan motif terjadinya KDRT di Banyumas dan mengkaji peran lembaga agama di wilayah itu dalam kaitan kasus KDRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ekonomi keluarga yang masih tergolong lemah menjadi penyebab sebagian besar kasus KDRT terhadap perempuan di Kabupaten Banyumas. Kasus KDRT terhadap perempuan lebih banyak ditangani oleh lembaga-lembaga di luar lembaga agama, seperti LSM dan lembaga yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah daerah. Peran lembaga agama dalam mencegah dan menangani kasus KDRT sebagian besar masih sebatas tindakan pencegahan yang dilakukan melalui pembinaan rohani dan kegiatan dialog keagamaan.
Determinants of Hypertension in Urban Uganda: A Community-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Chin Jerome H. , Twinobuhungiro Aska , Sandhu Alexander , Hootsmans Norbert , Kayima James , Kalyesubula Robert
Published: January 2017

Objective: Rapid urbanization is changing the epidemiology of non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to identify the determinants of raised blood pressure in urban Uganda to highlight targets for preventive interventions.

Design: Case-control.

Setting: Three community-based sites in Kampala, the capital of Uganda.

Participants: Participants were eligible to enroll if they were aged ≥18 years and not pregnant.

Methods: 450 cases with raised blood pressure were frequency matched by sex and age to 412 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of socio-demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and laboratory variables with the outcome of raised blood pressure. Cases currently treated with antihypertensive medication and cases not treated with antihypertensive medication were analyzed separately.

Results: Significantly increased odds of raised blood pressure were associated with overweight body mass index (BMI) (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), obese BMI (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%. Significantly decreased odds of raised blood pressure were associated with moderate-to-vigorous work-related physical activity of >4 hours/week. No significant associations were found between raised blood pressure and marital status, education level, car or flush toilet ownership, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, moderate-to-vigorous leisure-related physical activity > 4 hours/week, waist-to-hip ratio, or total cholesterol levels.

Conclusions: Targeted interventions are needed to address the key modifiable risk factors for raised blood pressure identified in this study, namely elevated BMI and regular physical activity, in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in urban Uganda.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(1):15-20; doi:10.18865/ed.27.1.15.
The Development of Health for Hearts United: A Longitudinal Church-based Intervention to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Mid-life and Older African Americans
Authors: Ralston Penny A. , Young-Clark Iris , Coccia Catherine
Published: January 2017

This article describes Health for Hearts United, a longitudinal church-based inter­vention to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in mid-life and older African Americans. Using community-based par­ticipatory research (CBPR) approaches and undergirded by both the Socio-ecological Theory and the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, the 18-month interven­tion was developed in six north Florida churches, randomly assigned as treatment or comparison. The intervention was framed around three conceptual components: awareness building (individual knowledge development); clinical learning (individual and small group educational sessions); and efficacy development (recognition and sustainability). We identified three lessons learned: providing consistency in program­ming even during participant absences; providing structured activities to assist health ministries in sustainability; and addressing changes at the church level. Recommenda­tions include church-based approaches that reflect multi-level CBPR and the collabora­tive faith model.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(1):21- 30; doi:10.18865/ed.27.1.21.
Insulin Detemir in Combination with Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Improves Glycemic Control in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes in Near East Countries: Results from the Lebanese Subgroup
Authors: Echtay Akram , Andari Emile , Atallah Paola , Moufarrege Roland , Nemr Rita
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of insulin detemir treatment as add-on therapy in a real-world setting of Lebanese insulin naïve persons, with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on oral antidia­betic drugs (OADs).

Methods: Our study was a prospective, ob­servational study representing the Lebanese arm of the multinational prospective and observational study involving 2,155 persons across Near East countries, Lebanon, Pakistan, Israel and Jordan. Effectiveness endpoints were changes in HbA1c, fasting and post-prandial glucose (FPG, PPG) after 24 weeks of treatment with insulin detemir in eligible persons. Safety endpoints were number of hypoglycemic events, incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), serious ADRs, adverse events, and body weight change between baseline and end of treat­ment.

Results: 868 persons were included (mean age: 59.5 ± 10.4 years, men: 55.3%). Glycemic control improved with significant reduction in mean HbA1c from 9.7 ± 1.6% to 7.2 ± 1% (P<.0001). The percent­age of persons who achieved the target of HbA1c<7% increased from .7% at baseline to 39% at week 24. Mean FPG decreased significantly from 213.7 ± 60.1 mg/dL to 120.3 ± 25.7 mg/dL (P<.001), and mean PPG from 271 ± 65.3 mg/dL to 158.1 ± 36.4 mg/dL (P<.0001). The rate of major hypoglycemic episodes decreased from .1498 at baseline to .0448 at week 24. Three adverse events but no ADR or serious ADR were reported. Body weight decreased from 80.4±13.2 Kg to 79.9±12.5 Kg (P<.0001).

Conclusions: Initiating insulin detemir in a clinical health care setting among Lebanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus on OADs improves glycemic control with no increase in hypoglycemia, adverse events or weight compared with baseline.

Ethn Dis.2017;27(1):45-54; doi:10.18865/ed.27.1.45.
Medicalização da vida: uma análise sobre a psiquiatrização do campo educacional como estratégia biopolítica
Authors: Giusti Karina Gomes
Published: January 2017

O artigo  discute a psiquiatrização da  infância e sua  influência no  cotidiano escolar, evidenciando que  a medicalização de  comportamentos próprios da infância está  fortemente presente nas  instituições escolares, bem  como  nos discursos dos agentes educacionais. Nosso estudo mostra que a descrição dos comportamentos infantis em  termos biológicos e  neuroquímicos contribui para  a patologização da vida  e da infância. Tomando como  ponto de partida os estudos sobre  biopolítica da população de Michel Foucault e as reflexões de Peter  Conrad sobre  a expansão de categorias diagnósticas, o artigo  analisa em que  medida a infância capturada pelos  transtornos desloca a procura de soluções políticas e educativas para  o campo das  soluções biologizantes e medicalizantes.
O Gênero da Posse da Terra: um estudo sobre o poder de negociação de mulheres titulares de lotes via reforma agrária
Authors: Barbosa Maria L. D. A. , Lerrer Débora F.
Published: January 2017

Ocupar terras, ser assentada via política de reforma agrária  e ser titular do lote é um fato que raramente ocorre  na trajetória da maioria das mulheres do cam- po. Este estudo, com pesquisa realizada no Assentamento Santa Rosa/Córrego das  Posses,  localizado na  região  do Vale do Mucuri em  Minas  Gerais/Brasil, teve  como  foco verificar se e como  o direito e a posse  da terra  reposicionam as mulheres em âmbito doméstico e público, isto é, se conferem a elas maior poder de barganha. A literatura aponta que  a construção de igualdades reais para  as mulheres rurais está  vinculada à conquista da posse  da terra.  O caso estudado apontou que a posse  influencia as possibilidades de negociação das mulheres, mas, sobretudo, quando é operada concomitantemente a outras di- mensões, como a renda, divisão sexual do trabalho, relações sociais  e família.
Morar em Campinas. Usos e costumes (1850-1900)
Authors: Abrahão Eliane Morelli
Published: January 2017

Analisam-se, no presente artigo, os usos e costumes compartilhados por alguns segmentos da sociedade paulista, especificamente Campinas, entre os anos de 1850-1900. Detenho-me aos espaços domésticos destinados ao convívio social, mas com um olhar que vai além da análise arquitetônica. Focalizo um dos domínios mais elucidativos da cultura, a casa.  As informações sobre os modos de morar foram extraídas dos inventários post mortem, o que possibilitou identificar processos de transmissão de bens de uma geração à outra, a opulência material dos residentes na cidade e corroborar a hipótese de que Campinas, na segunda metade do século XIX, vivenciou um processo de modernização e sofisticação nas formas de morar e receber convidados – momentos de sociabilidade proporcionados pelos jantares e banquetes oferecidos pela elite cafeeira a seus pares.
Cidade, memórias e sensibilidades
Authors: Hadler Maria Silvia Duarte
Published: January 2017

Na abordagem das complexas relações entre cidade, modernidade, memória e sensibilidades, este artigo procura compreender articulações entre traços culturais da  contemporaneidade e as singularidades da dinâmica sociocultural de uma determinada localidade, no caso a cidade de Campinas (SP). Pretende, portanto, trazer momentos significativos para a constituição de processos socioculturais favorecedores do fortalecimento de formas de sociabilidade calcadas no individualismo urbano, propiciadoras da fragilização de vínculos com os diferentes lugares da cidade. Assim, os anos finais de 1950 e os de 1960 são o momento e o cenário de constituição de formas de educação urbana das sensibilidades  que apontariam para aqueles processos socioculturais – período em que a paisagem urbana sofre sucessivas modificações e  passa a ser mais intensamente marcada pelos ritmos mais acelerados dos automóveis.
Carta ao leitor
Authors: Franco Juliana Oshima
Published: January 2017

No mesmo ano em que comemora três décadas de sua fundação, o CMU tem o prazer de publicar a trigésima edição da Resgate, simbolizando a reafirmação não só de um projeto editorial, mas também de uma missão: fazer da história e da memória as bússolas para o futuro.
Preservação do patrimônio histórico das antigas vinícolas da região sul de Santa Catarina
Authors: Barth Fernando , Amaral Tatiana
Published: January 2017

Este artigo busca avaliar a evolução e o estado de conservação de duas antigas vinícolas da região de Urussanga-SC, em função da relevância histórica, arquitetônica e turística que as vinícolas representam para essa região. Primeiramente será realizado um breve histórico dessas vinícolas e a fundamentação do patrimônio industrial e arquitetônico. Posteriormente é realizada a análise das características arquitetônicas e construtivas e o estado atual de conservação das edificações. A sistematização dos resultados pode contribuir para incrementar o conhecimento sobre essas antigas vinícolas, ressaltar a necessidade de melhorias e intervenções nessas edificações e por fim, promover a valorização do patrimônio arquitetônico e cultural. Essas vinícolas representam uma parte significativa da história da imigração italiana, de modo a manter o elo com aqueles que plantaram suas raízes e sua cultura na região. Roteiros turísticos qualificados, que incluam as vinícolas e suas paisagens, podem reforçar a identidade cultural, atraindo pessoas e recursos para garantir a preservação do patrimônio histórico das vinícolas do sul de Santa Catarina
“Biografia cultural das coisas”: aporte metodológico para o estudo do Turismo
Authors: Oliveira Maria Amália Silva Alves
Published: January 2017

Neste trabalho é apresentada a rentabilidade analítica das formulações teóricas de Igor Kopytoff (2010) para o estudo do turismo. Ao sugerir que as coisas possuem biografias culturais, o autor abre a possibilidade de percepção de que a fase mercantil dos denominados “produtos turísticos” não exaure a história e a trajetória dos mesmos, ou seja, os produtos turísticos não existem apenas enquanto mercadorias. Perseguindo então, a biografia cultural de objetos que se encontram socialmente classificados como “produtos ou destinos turísticos”, temos revelados aspectos que vulgarizam ou singularizam determinada sociedade. Os dados sobre as ruínas do conjunto arquitetônico do núcleo urbano de São João Marcos (RJ) foram coletados em trabalho de campo para elaboração de minha tese de doutorado.
O município de Cajueiro da Praia (PI), Brasil: características naturais e a conservação de um patrimônio socioambiental
Authors: Dutra André da Silva , Pereira Raquel Maria Fontes do Amaral
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho descreve as características naturais do litoral piauiense, especialmente do Município de Cajueiro da Praia, objetivando promover uma reflexão sobre a conservação deste ambiente como patrimônio socioambiental. Desta forma, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica com enfoque qualitativo caracterizando geograficamente a região e identificando os segmentos de atividade turística que incentivam a conservação das características naturais locais através da conscientização ambiental. No decorrer do trabalho foi possível verificar que o ecoturismo é a principal atratividade turística das praias cajueirenses, no entanto, ainda são necessárias campanhas de sensibilização e conscientização ambientais mais eficazes do poder público do estado do Piauí e da Prefeitura Municipal de Cajueiro da Praia que promovam, de fato, o turismo na região de maneira sustentável e que tenha a participação efetiva das comunidades locais em todas as etapas deste processo. Também é necessário criar Unidades de Conservação para garantir efetivamente a preservação das características naturais do Município de Cajueiro da Praia como um patrimônio socioambiental.
O Teatro de Mamulengos de ontem e de hoje: a importância do reconhecimento do Teatro de Bonecos Tradicional Brasileiro como patrimônio imaterial cultural do Brasil
Authors: Castro Kely Elias de
Published: January 2017

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o Teatro de Mamulengos na atualidade à luz de sua história, acentuando sua resistência como manifestação cultural ao longo dos tempos.  Discorre sobre aspectos relacionados ao recente reconhecimento deste teatro como patrimônio imaterial e cultural do Brasil, pelo Iphan (Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional). Para tanto, utiliza bibliografia específica e entrevista com Danilo Cavalcanti, mamulengueiro e organizador do Encontro de Mamulengos, festival de grande relevância na área.
Trajetórias do patrimônio cultural e os sentidos dos seus usos em Paraty (RJ)
Authors: Paes Maria Tereza Duarte
Published: January 2017

A preservação dos sítios coloniais no Brasil, quer tenha sido pelo seu abandono ou pela institucionalização do tombamento, serviu de âncora para a refuncionalização turística e ascensão econômica de inúmeras cidades brasileiras nas últimas décadas, processo que deve atentar para as articulações necessárias entre patrimônio cultural, valorização turística e planejamento territorial. Nesse sentido, partimos do pressuposto de que o processo de patrimonialização, ou a revalorização de sítios históricos já anteriormente tombados, tem caminhado pari passu ao processo de renovação urbana e de turistificação destas áreas, tema que será abordado aqui a partir do argumento empírico de Paraty, Rio de Janeiro.
O Fundo José Roberto do Amaral Lapa
Authors: Maciel Ana Carolina de Moura Delfim
Published: January 2017

O texto aborda o Fundo José Roberto do Amaral Lapa, conjunto que pertence ao Centro de Memória - Unicamp (CMU) e reúne os acervos pessoal e institucional deste que foi docente do IFCH e fundador do Centro, compreendendo correspondência ativa e passiva, diários, artigos, textos de pesquisa, artigos de jornais, fotografias etc. Além dos aspectos eminentemente profissionais, tais fontes trazem subjacentes fragmentos da história de vida do Prof. Lapa, extrapolando fronteiras institucionais. Refletir sobre as motivações que o levaram a armazenar suas próprias fontes, remete à sistematização de uma prática e permite repensar o projeto memorialístico em torno do qual o CMU se consolidou.
Suplemento BH 100 e as galerias da memória
Authors: Cunha Valdeci da Silva
Published: January 2017

O presente artigo analisa o jornal cultural Suplemento que trouxe como tema o aniversário do centenário de inauguração da cidade de Belo Horizonte, ocorrido em 1997. A leitura de suas 24 páginas nos sugere algumas possibilidades de investigação. Para este estudo, iremos considerá-las organizadas como galerias abertas à memória. Como uma exposição de arte, a ordem e os caminhos a se percorrer estariam, nessa perspectiva, abertos à visitação do interessado ou curioso em conhecê-las. Fenômeno marcado por dimensões simbólica (produção de imagens) e relacional (presença ativa de sujeitos interlocutores), a publicação nos sugere um lugar possível para se pensar os embates pela memória e as tensões correlatas que estão presentes tanto no campo estrito da política, assim como no campo mais amplo da cultura e do político.
Colcha de Retalhos
Authors: Cruz Jorge Alberto Soares , Flores Daniel , Carvalho Tamiris
Published: January 2017

Ao escrever este artigo, verificou-se certa dificuldade em abandonar o lugar onde nos encontramos, ou seja, os arquivos e os documentos. Sendo assim, procurou-se traçar, como mote deste artigo, uma tentativa de problematizar a importância dos documentos na rememoração da história da Quarta Colônia de Imigração Italiana do Rio Grande do Sul, tendo como foco inicial o Município de São João do Polêsine, que se encontra situado em um espaço geográfico delimitado e marcado por uma cultura enraizada em forte sentimento identitário. Sendo assim, ressalta-se a importância dos arquivos como um espaço de memória, patrimônio documental e de rememoração histórica. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico, buscando livros, revistas e artigos referentes aos temas aqui abordados. Como conclusão destaca-se a importância da preservação, não só de um patrimônio documental e material, mas também de um patrimônio imaterial marcante na região estudada.
Impact of Tigecycline Versus Other Antibiotics on the Fecal Metabolome and on Colonization Resistance to Clostridium difficile in Mice
Authors: Jump Robin L.P. , Kraft David , Hurless Kelly , Polinkovsky Alex , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: January 2017

Background: The glycylcycline antibiotic tigecycline may have a relatively low propensity to promote Clostridium difficile infection in part because it causes less disruption of the indigenous intestinal microbiota than other broad-spectrum antibiotics.  We used a mouse model to compare the compare the effects of tigecycline versus other commonly used antibiotics on colonization resistance to C. difficile and on metabolic functions of the intestinal microbiota.   Methods: To assess in vivo colonization resistance to C. difficile, mice were challenged with oral C. difficile spores 1, 7, or 12 days after completion of 3 days of treatment with subcutaneous saline, tigecycline, ceftriaxone, piperacillin-tazobactam, or linezolid.  Levels of bacterial metabolites in fecal specimens of mice treated with the same antibiotics were analyzed using non-targeted metabolic profiling by gas chromatograph (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS (UPLC-MS/MS).  Results:  All of the antibiotics disrupted colonization resistance to C. difficile when challenge occurred 2 days after treatment.  Only piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftriaxone-treated mice had disturbed colonization resistance at 7 days after treatment.  All of the antibiotics altered fecal metabolites in comparison to controls, but tigecycline caused significantly less alteration than the other antibiotics, including less suppression of multiple amino acids, bile acids, and lipid metabolites.   Conclusions:  Tigecycline and linezolid caused transient disruption of colonization resistance to C. difficile, whereas ceftriaxone and piperacillin/tazobactam caused disruption that persisted for 7 days post-treatment.  Tigecycline caused less profound alteration of fecal bacterial metabolites than the other antibiotics, suggesting that the relatively short period of disruption of colonization resistance might be related in part to reduced alteration of the metabolic functions of the microbiota
EARLY MARRIAGE FACTOR BASED ON TRANSCULTURAL NURSING THEORY IN DESA KARA KECAMATAN TORJUN SAMPANG
Authors: Yunitasari Esti , Pradanie Retnayu , Pradanie Retnayu , Susilawati Ayu , Susilawati Ayu
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: The early-age marriage is still happened in the world with many reasons. Early marriage has many negative impacts on education, social, economic, psychological, and reproductive health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of early marriage based on Transcultural Nursing theory. Method: Design used in this research was cross-sectional approach. The sampel was women who got married between January 2015 and February 2016. The 39 sample respondents were chosen by purposive sampling technique. The independent variables in this study were knowledge, culture, family suport, economic, technology and the dependent variable was early marriage. The data were collected by using questionnaire and analyzed by using chi square test. Result: The results showed significant correlation between cultural factor (p=0.013), family support factor (=0,001), economic factor (p=0,040), and technology factor (p=0,002) with early marriage, while knowledge factor have not significant correlation with early marriage. Discussion: By the result of this study, it was expected there will be some actions together with relevant parties to give health education for adolescent who has married yet to prevent early marriage. Keywords: early marriage, knowledge, culture, support family, economic, and technology.
KINERJA BIDAN DALAM DETEKSI DINI PENYIMPANGAN TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK
Authors: Utami Sri
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Anak merupakan generasi penerus bangsa, mereka harus dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui deteksi dini penyimpangan tumbuh kembang anak.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun model peningkatan  kinerja bidan melalui optimalisasi strategi self leadership. Metode: jenis penelitian ini adalah obsrvasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, subyek yang diteliti adalah sebagian bidan di Puskesmas wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota surabaya, dipilih secara propotional  random sampling, sejumlah 222 responden. Variabel eksogennya adalah job design, riwayat pelatihan  DDTK, strategi self leadership, kemampuan bidan, aktivitas bidan dalam DDTK,  varibel endogennya adalah hasil capaian bidan dalam DDTK. Analisis data menggunakan metode Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil dan Analisis: dari hasil analisis inner  model diperoleh nilai T-statistik pada  pengaruh strategi self leadership terhadap peningkatan kemampuan bidan, pengaruh kemampuan terhadap peningkatan kinerja aktivitas, strategi self leadership terhadap peningkatan kinerja aktivitas dan terhadap peningkatan hasil capaian dalam deteksi dini penyimpangan tumbuh kembang didapatkan niali T-statistik lebih besar dari nilai T-tabel (1,96). Sedangkan untuk training SDIDTK tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan bidan, tidak berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kinerja aktivitas bidan, begitu juga job design tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan bidan dan terhadap peningkatan kinerja aktivitas bidan dalam deteksi dini penyimpangan tumbuh kembang anak karena diperoleh nilai T-statistik lebih kecil dari T-tabel (<1,96). Diskusi: Optimalisasi kemampuan self-leadership bidan merupakan faktor yang perlu diperhatikan sebagai upaya peningkatan kinerja bidan dalam deteksi dini pemyimpangan tumbuh kembang anak. Kata Kunci: Tumbuh kembang anak,  job desain, training , strategi self leadership, kinerja
CORELATION BETWEEN PORNOGRAPHIC MEDIA AND INFLUENCE OF PEERS WITH UNSAFE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENT OF SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Murdiningsih Murdiningsih , Rosnani Rosnani , Arifin Hidayat
Published: January 2017

Background: The problems associated with unsafe sexual behavior in adolescents are caused by premarital sexual intercourse with a partner of their own age. One of the problems caused by premarital sex is a pregnancy outside of marriage. Increased incidence of premarital sex is caused by the development through media depictions of sex scenes in the form of television, magazines, video clips, online media, and films. In Musi Banyuasin there are 7754 high school students, many students have dropped out of school because they get pregnant before marriage so that in adolescence their parents are forced to marry or have abortions. The aim study is determined the factors associated with unsafe sexual behavior in adolescents in high school. Method: Observational research with cross sectional and quantitative approach. The population is high school students. Sampling technique was using multistage random sampling obtained 393 samples. Bivariate analysis, chi-square Result: the result showed a correlation between the influence of peers with adolescent sexual behavior has p-value (0,000). There was no relationship between media pornography with sexual behavior because the result more than p-value (0,05). Conclusion: Necessary to be given knowledge and assistance to adolescents about positively and creatively thing and supervision of parents to their children in order to have a friends and avoid unsafe sexual behavior. Key words: The Influence of Peers, Pornographic Media, Unsafe Sexual, Adolescent
Personality Factor, Self Efficacy and Prevention Of Cervical Cancer In Women Of Childbearing Age
Authors: Armini Ni ketut alit , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi , Hikmah Fani Lailatul
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Cervical cancer as the most common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. The worse cervical cancer prevention program might lead to delayed treatment of cancer. Furthermore patient who suffered cervical cancer in women of childbearing age. Method: The study design was descriptive cross sectional approach correlation. The population were women of childbearing age who involved the region of Puskesmas Kenjeran  Surabaya. The number of sample were 64 respondents who taken by using simple random sampling. The independent variables were factor of personal and self efficacy. The dependent variable was the primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer. The data was analyzed by using statistic tests Spearmans’s rho to know correlation of independent variable with prevention measures of cervical cancer. Result: The result of relationship between the personal factors and cervical cancer prevention showed value p=0.025 (r=0.280). The relationship between self efficacy with prevention of cervical cancer in women of childbearing age showed value p=0.094 (r=0.211). Conclusion: Personal factors associated with prevention of cervical cancer in women of childbearing  age.  Self  efficacy had no relationship with prevention of cervical cancer in women of childbearing age. The further study was recommended to develop health promotion model factors to increase the prevention  of cervical cancer.
High Step-up Voltage Gain Converter with Ripple-free Input Current for Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Chen Zhangyong , Chen Yong
Published: January 2017

Abstract: High step-up voltage gain nonisolated DC-DC converter have attracted much attention in photovoltaic, fuel cells and other renewable energy system applications. In this paper, by combining input current ripple-free boost cell with coupled-inductor voltage-doubler cell, an input current ripple-free high voltage gain nonisolated converter is proposed. In addition, passive lossless clamp circuit is adopted to recycle the leakage inductor energy and to reduce the voltage spike across the power switch. By utilizing voltage-doubler cell consisting of diode and capacitor, the voltage stress of switch is further reduced and the resonance between the leakage inductor and the stray capacitor of the output diode is eliminated. A low switch-on-resistance low-voltage-rated MOSFET can therefore be employed to reduce the conduction loss and cost. The reverse recovery loss of output diode is reduced, and the efficiency of converter can be improved. Furthermore, the proposed converter can achieve nearly zero input current-ripple and make the design of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter easy. Steady state analysis and operation mode of the converter is performed. Finally, experimental results are presented to verify the analysis results of the proposed converter.
An Approach for Evaluating the Influence of Accessibility on Offshore Wind Power Generation
Authors: Du Mian , Yi Jun , Mazidi Peyman , Cheng Lin , Guo Jianbo
Published: January 2017

For offshore wind power generation, accessibility is one of the main factors that has great impact on operation and maintenance due to constraints on weather conditions for marine transportation. This paper presents a framework to explore the accessibility of an offshore site. At first, several maintenance types are defined and taken into account. Next, a data visualization procedure is introduced to provide an insight into the distribution of access periods over time. Then, a rigorous mathematical method based on finite state Markov chain is proposed to assess the accessibility of an offshore site from the maintenance perspective. A five-year weather data of a marine site is used to demonstrate the applicability and the outcomes of the proposed method. The main findings show that the proposed framework is effective in investigating the accessibility for different time scales and is able to catch the patterns of the distribution of the access periods. Moreover, based on the developed Markov chain, the average waiting time for a certain access period can be estimated. With more information on the maintenance of an offshore wind farm, the expected production loss due to time delay can be calculated.
Issues on Assistive Products from Developments to Social Acceptance: A Literature Review
Authors: Kajitani Isamu ,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews issues on assistive products that help persons with disability to participate in activities in society, with the goal of ensuring that as many such products as possible should be better accepted and used in society. We focus on information that relate to the process from product developments to social acceptance. We first describe three information-related issues (transfer, understanding, and quality). Then, we present an overview of the aspects of development and social acceptance of such assistive products. Finally, we consider information items we need to confirm to ensure their success.
An Improved Tuning Control Algorithm Based on SVD for FID Signal
Authors: Liu Huan ,   Department of School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Dong Hao Bin , Ge Jian , Guo Pei Pei , Bai Bing Jie , Zhang Cheng ,   Department of Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences,   Science and Technology on Near-Surface Detection Laboratory
Published: January 2017

The free induction decay (FID) quality signal of a proton precession magnetometer is closely related to tuning precision. To solve the commonly used current tuning problem method, we propose improving control algorithm tuning based on singular value decomposition (SVD). The space matrix is constructed by acquiring an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for untuned FID signals, then conducting SVD to eliminate noise and obtain a useful signal. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is then applied to the denoised FID signal to extract the time-frequency feature. Based on theory analysis, simulation modeling and actual FID signal testing, results show that compared to general tuning methods such as peak detection and auto correlation, our proposed algorithm improves sensor tuning precision and shortens tuning process time to one second or less.
Compressive Sensing-Based Adaptive Sparse Multipath Channel Estimation
Authors: Liu Beiyi ,   Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Akita Prefectural University, Gui Guan , Matsushita Shin-ya , Xu Li ,   College of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
Published: January 2017

Sparse multipath channel estimation has recently attracted significant attention due to the sparsity of the channel in broadband wireless communication. Many algorithms have been proposed for sparse multipath channel estimation. Among them, the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, based on adaptive filter, has attracted much attention due to its low complexity and high robustness. However, LMS is usually degraded by the long training signal, which needs large storage space. This paper proposes an improved method that transmits a circulating, short training signal, samples the received signal at a lower rate, and utilizes LMS with ℓ0-norm (ℓ0-LMS) to estimate the sparse multipath channel. This method can achieve high robustness in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and reduce the sampling rate while needing small storage space for the training signal. Numerical simulations are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
A Community-Based Randomized Trial of Hepatitis B Screening Among High-Risk Vietnamese Americans
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Fang Carolyn Y. , Seals Brenda , Feng Ziding , Tan Yin , Siu Philip , Yeh Ming Chin , Golub Sarit A. , Nguyen Minhhuyen T. , Tran Tam , Wang Minqi
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based liver cancer prevention program on hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening among low-income, underserved Vietnamese Americans at high risk.

Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized trial involving 36 Vietnamese community-based organizations and 2337 participants in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City between 2009 and 2014. We randomly assigned 18 community-based organizations to a community-based multilevel HBV screening intervention (n = 1131). We randomly assigned the remaining 18 community-based organizations to a general cancer education program (n = 1206), which included information about HBV-related liver cancer prevention. We assessed HBV screening rates at 6-month follow-up.

Results. Intervention participants were significantly more likely to have undergone HBV screening (88.1%) than were control group participants (4.6%). In a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel analysis, the intervention effect on screening outcomes remained statistically significant after adjustment for demographic and health care access variables, including income, having health insurance, having a regular health provider, and English proficiency.

Conclusions. A community-based, culturally appropriate, multilevel HBV screening intervention effectively increases screening rates in a high-risk, hard-to-reach Vietnamese American population.
Community Health Records: Establishing a Systematic Approach to Improving Social and Physical Determinants of Health
Authors: Van Brunt Deryk
Published: January 2017

To systematically improve population health in the United States, community health records (CHRs) must be defined, developed, and implemented. Like electronic and personal health records, CHRs have both unique and overlapping information.

CHRs contain data about communities, including the social, physical, and lifestyle determinants of health. These records will serve to complement electronic and personal health records to provide a more complete view of population health, allowing stakeholders to target community health and quality-of-life interventions in a data-driven and evidence-based manner, establishing the basis from which organizations can develop a systematic approach to improving community health.

This commentary calls on the United States to conduct a set of consensus activities to define and implement CHRs.
Multilevel Prevention Trial of Alcohol Use Among American Indian and White High School Students in the Cherokee Nation
Authors: Komro Kelli A. , Livingston Melvin D. , Wagenaar Alexander C. , Kominsky Terrence K. , Pettigrew Dallas W. , Garrett Brady A. ,   the Cherokee Nation Prevention Trial Team
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of a multilevel intervention designed to prevent underage alcohol use among youths living in the Cherokee Nation.

Methods. We randomly assigned 6 communities to a control, Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol (CMCA; a community-organizing intervention targeting alcohol access) only, CONNECT (a school-based universal screening and brief intervention) only, or a combined condition. We collected quarterly surveys 2012–2015 from students starting in 9th and 10th grades and ending in 11th and 12th grades. Response rates ranged from 83% to 90%; 46% of students were American Indian (of which 80% were Cherokee) and 46% were White only.

Results. Students exposed to CMCA, CONNECT, and both showed a significant reduction in the probability over time of 30-day alcohol use (25%, 22%, and 12% reduction, respectively) and heavy episodic drinking (24%, 19%, and 13% reduction) compared with students in the control condition, with variation in magnitude of effects over the 2.5-year intervention period.

Conclusions. CMCA and CONNECT are effective interventions for reducing alcohol use among American Indian and other youths living in rural communities. Challenges remain for sustaining intervention effects.
Delivering on the Promise of Smoke-Free Public Housing
Authors: Levy Douglas E. , Adams Inez F. , Adamkiewicz Gary
Published: January 2017

On November 30, 2016, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) published a final rule mandating that public housing authorities it supports prohibit all smoking on their residential premises, including within residents’ apartments. The primary rationale for this action was to protect nonsmoking residents from the harms of tobacco smoke exposure.

Although the harms of secondhand smoke are clear and the potential for reducing nonsmoking residents’ exposure is real, it will be no simple matter to successfully implement the policy requirements set down by HUD. Some challenges to policy implementation will apply to all public housing authorities, and others will be unique to specific settings.

By being aware of the benefits of smoke-free public housing as well as the challenges inherent in complying with HUD’s rule, public housing authorities stand the best chance of fulfilling the potential of this major policy initiative to significantly improve public health in a vulnerable population.
Cardiometabolic Mortality by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Eligibility in the United States
Authors: Conrad Zach , Rehm Colin D. , Wilde Parke , Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To investigate total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants, SNAP-eligible nonparticipants, and SNAP-ineligible individuals overall and by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and other characteristics.

Methods. We performed a prospective study with nationally representative survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000–2009), merged with subsequent Public-Use Linked Mortality Files (2000–2011). We used survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and gender to estimate hazard ratios of total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality for 499 741 US adults aged 25 years or older.

Results. Over a mean of 6.8 years of follow-up (maximum 11.9 years), 39 293 deaths occurred, including 7408 heart disease, 2185 stroke, and 1376 diabetes deaths. Individuals participating in SNAP exhibited higher total and cardiovascular disease mortality, largely limited to non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks, than both SNAP-eligible nonparticipants and SNAP-ineligible individuals, and higher diabetes mortality across races/ethnicities (P < .01).

Conclusions. Participants in SNAP require greater focus to understand and further address their poor health outcomes.

Public Health Implications. Low-income Americans require even greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive, and such efforts should be a priority for public health policymakers.