bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rectal Prolapse Concomitant with Uterovaginal Prolapse Protects the Ileum from Necrosis in Transanal Ileum Evisceration through a Traumatic Tear on the Sigmoid Wall
Authors: Budipramana Vicky Sumarki , Putra Deddy Aryanda
Published: August 2020

Eviscerated ileum passing through a traumatic tear on the sigmoid wall is a rare case and all the cases reported previously showed that the eviscerated intestines were necrotic. However, in this case, although the huge size of eviscerated intestine had already exceeded the intestinal ischemic time, the small intestine outside the anus was not necrotic. Here we report the case of a 73-year-old female who presented with evisceration of the small intestine out of her anus as long as 200 cm 7 h before. The eviscerated small intestine (ileum) appeared still viable and there were no signs of pain, obstruction, or peritonitis. An intermittent rectal concomitant with uterovaginal prolapse had been experienced by the patient before. On surgery, the ileum was not necrotic and pulled back out of the sigmoid wall tear. The cardinal uterosacral ligament may have an important role in maintaining the uterovagina in place. When this ligament loses its ability to anchor the uterovagina to the sacrum, both the uterovagina and the rectum will lose their fixation to the sacrum and prolapse will occur. Hence, the rectum located posterior to the uterovagina also relieves its squeeze pressure so that it will not disrupt the blood supply of the ileum when the ileum enters through the rectal lumen. Rectal concomitant with uterovaginal prolapse is an important factor to maintain the viability of the eviscerated intestine. Therefore, surgeons are still able to make better preparation before performing surgery.
The Interplay between Features of Plaque Vulnerability and Hemodynamic Relevance of Coronary Artery Stenoses
Authors: Sezer Murat , Aslanger Emre , Cakir Ozan , Atici Adem , Sezer Irem , Ozcan Alp , Umman Berrin , Bugra Zehra , Umman Sabahattin
Published: August 2020

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) may not be immune from hemodynamic perturbations caused by both vessel and lesion related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of plaque- and vessel wall-related features of vulnerability on the hemodynamic effect of intermediate coronary stenoses. Methods and Results: In this cross-sectional study, patients referred to catheterization laboratory for clinically indicated coronary angiography were prospectively screened for angiographically intermediate stenosis (50–80%). Seventy lesions from 60 patients were evaluated. Mean angiographic stenosis was 62.1 ± 16.3%. After having performed FFR assessment, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed over the FFR wire. Virtual histology IVUS was used to identify the plaque components and thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). TCFA was significantly more frequent (65 vs. 38%, p = 0.026), and necrotic core volume (26.15 ± 14.22 vs. 16.21 ± 8.93 mm3, p = 0.04) was significantly larger in the positively remodeled than non-remodeled vessels. Remodeling index correlated with necrotic core volume (r = 0.396, p = 0.001) and with FFR (r = –0. 419, p = 0.001). With respect to plaque components, only necrotic core area (r = –0.262, p = 0.038) and necrotic core volume (r = –0.272, p = 0.024) were independently associated with FFR. In the multivariable model, presence of TCFA was independently associated with significantly lower mean FFR value as compared to absence of TCFA (adjusted, 0.71 vs. 0.78, p = 0.034). Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that for a given stenosis geometry, features of plaque vulnerability such as necrotic core volume, TCFA, and positive remodeling may influence the hemodynamic relevance of intermediate coronary stenoses.
Evaluating the Effects of Different Concentrations of Human Follicular Fluid on Growth, Development, and PCNA Gene Expression of Mouse Ovarian Follicles
Authors: Molaeeghaleh Negar , Tork Shahriyar , Abdi Shabnam , Movassaghi Shabnam
Published: August 2020

Follicle culture in vitro provides a method for investigating stages of folliculogenesis that can lead to preserving fertility through cryopreservation techniques. This study aims to assess the effects of various concentrations of human follicular fluid (hFF) on growth, development, and expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene in mouse ovarian follicles in vitro. Preantral follicles were isolated from 14-day NMRI mouse ovaries. The follicles were cultured in basic media enriched with FBS, FSH, and insulin-transferrin-selenium, and supplemented with different concentrations of hFF (10, 20, and 30%) for 12 days. During the culture period, survival rate and follicular maturation, follicular diameter, levels of estrogen and progesterone secretion, and PCNA gene expression rate were evaluated. Survival rate, maturation, and antrum formation were significantly higher in the 10% hFF group than in the 20 and 30% hFF groups. On day 4, follicle diameter in the 10% hFF group was also higher than in the 20 and the 30% hFF group. In comparison with other groups, significantly higher estrogen and progesterone production levels were measured in the 10% hFF group. PCNA gene expression was also higher with 10 than 20 and 30% hFF concentrations. The present study suggests that addition of 10% hFF to mice ovarian preantral follicle culture media enhances follicle growth and oocyte maturation.
Severity of Intrarenal Arterial Lesions Can Predict the Clinical Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhuang Yongze , Liu Bo , Yu Yinghao , Guan Tianjun , Zheng Zhiyong , Chen Anqun
Published: August 2020

Background: Intrarenal arterial lesions (IALs) have been studied in immunoglobulin A nephropathy and lupus nephritis, but this has not been reported in hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). This study aims to investigate the prevalence and the role of IALs in HBV-GN. Methods: IALs were examined in kidney biopsy specimens from 205 patients with HBV-GN retrospectively. The severity of IALs and tubular interstitial lesions was scored semi-quantitatively. The severity of IALs was divided into 4 groups on the basis of ILA score, which were no IALs (Score 0), mild IALs (Score 1–2), moderate IALs (Score 3–4), and severe IALs (Score 5–10) groups. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method between the severity of IALs and clinical events (doubling of serum creatinine [SCr], ESRD, and death due to the kidney disease). Results: Among 205 patients with HBV-GN, 143 (69.8%) had IALs in their kidney biopsy specimens. IALs were mild in 28 (19.6%) patients, moderate in 101 (70.6%) patients, and severe in 14 (9.8%) patients. The severity of IALs was associated with high blood pressure (BP), high SCr, and severe tubulointerstitial injuries. The average follow-up time of these 205 HBV-GN patients was 94.2 ± 47.1 months, in which 46 cases had clinical event. The proportions of clinical events in no IAL, mild IAL, moderate IAL, and severe IAL groups were 9.7, 14.3, 25.7, and 71.4%, respectively. Event-free survival of patient in IAL group was significantly lower than that in the no IAL group (p = 0.000). Multivariate cox regression analysis indicated SCr (1.011, 1.007–1.016), hypertension (1.767, 1.004–3.108), and IAL (2.194, 1.062–4.530) were independent risk factors for clinical events after adjustment for age and gender. Event-free clinical survival in moderate and severe IAL groups was significantly lower than that in the no IAL group (p = 0.0111 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Besides, event-free renal survival in severe IAL group was significantly lower than that in moderate IAL group (p = 0.009). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that the more severe the IALs, the higher the risk of the clinical event, with a hazard ratio of 2.284 for moderate IALs (1.085–4.907) and 3.315 for severe IALs (1.296–8.482). Conclusions: Severity of IALs is associated with high BP, reduced renal function, and poor clinical prognosis in HBV-GN patients.
Deep Brain Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens with Anterior Capsulotomy for Drug Addiction: A Case Report
Authors: Zhu Rui , Zhang Yingying , Wang Tao , Wei Hongjiang , Zhang Chencheng , Li Dianyou , Zhan Shikun , Sun Bomin
Published: August 2020

Background: Drug addiction is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems worldwide. Over the past decade, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has increasingly been used for the treatment of drug addiction. Simultaneous DBS of nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) has successfully been used for preventing heroin relapse. However, the excessive energy consumption speeds up battery depletion, which puts a burden on patients. By comparison, anterior capsulotomy is usually more convenient for patients and its clinical efficacy is similar to that of ALIC DBS. Accordingly, NAc DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy may also be an effective, yet more convenient, intervention for drug addiction and relapse prevention. Case Description: The patient was a 28-year-old man with a polysubstance use disorder (bucinnazine, morphine, and hypnotics) for 13 years. After bilateral NAc DBS combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy, his craving for the three drugs decreased markedly, and he remained abstinent throughout the follow-up period of approximately 1-year. Moreover, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments showed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, sleep, quality of life, and most aspects of cognitive functioning. His overall health status was also improved. Conclusions: NAc DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy is a promising surgical treatment for drug addiction.
Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review
Authors: Al Thobaity Abdullelah , Alshammari Farhan
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 has affected the life and health of more than 1 million people across the world. This overwhelms many countries’ healthcare systems, and, of course, affects healthcare providers such as nurses fighting on the frontlines to safeguard the lives of everyone affected. Exploring the issues that nurses face during their battle will help support them and develop protocols and plans to improve their preparedness. Thus, this integrative review will explore the issues facing nurses during their response to the COVID-19 crisis. The major issues facing nurses in this situation are the critical shortage of nurses, beds, and medical supplies, including personal protective equipment and, as reviews indicate, psychological changes and fears of infection among nursing staff. The implications of these findings might help to provide support and identify the needs of nurses in all affected countries to ensure that they can work and respond to this crisis with more confidence. Moreover, this will help enhance preparedness for pandemics and consider issues when drawing up crisis plans. The recommendation is to support the nurses, since they are a critical line of defense. Indeed, more research must be conducted in the field of pandemics regarding nursing.
Efficacy of Magnifying Narrow Band Imaging with Acetic Acid Spray in Diagnosing Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Tanaka Yasuyuki , Fujii Shigehiko , Oiwa Yoko , Kusaka Toshihiro , Shibuya Shinsuke , Kokuryu Hiroyuki
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of magnifying narrow band imaging with acetic acid spray (MA-NBI) in differentiating category 4/5 lesions from category 3 lesions of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) as per Vienna Classification and to compare the diagnostic performances of both MA-NBI and magnifying narrow band imaging (M-NBI). Methods: We retrospectively identified 60 resected SNADETs (31 category 3 lesions and 29 category 4/5 lesions) in 60 patients who underwent M-NBI and MA-NBI preoperatively. We evaluated vascular and surface patterns using M-NBI and MA-NBI for characterizing category 3 and 4/5 lesions. The surface pattern was classified as tubular, villous, or mix structure using MA-NBI. In addition, lesions with disorganized and unclear structures with irregular margins that can be clearly recognized by MA-NBI were defined as irregular surface structures. Results: For MA-NBI, category 4/5 lesions had a significantly higher mix structure rate and higher irregular surface structure rate than category 3 lesions (62 vs. 16%, p < 0.001, and 86 vs. 19%, p < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of MA-NBI using mix and irregular surface structures for identifying category 4/5 lesions was as follows: sensitivity, 62/86%; specificity, 84/77%; positive predictive value, 78/78%; negative predictive value, 70/86%; and accuracy, 73/82%. The diagnostic accuracy of MA-NBI using irregular surface structure was significantly higher than that of M-NBI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MA-NBI may be useful in differentiating between category 3 and category 4/5 lesions of SNADETs.
Infected Pancreatic Necrosis Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Heo Jun
Published: August 2020

Although infected pancreatic necrosis can develop as a result of rare conditions involving trauma, surgery, and systemic infection with an uncommon pathogen, it usually occurs as a complication of pancreatitis. Early phase of acute pancreatitis can be either edematous interstitial pancreatitis or necrotizing pancreatitis. The late complications of pancreatitis can be divided into pancreatic pseudocyst due to edematous interstitial pancreatitis or walled-off necrosis due to necrotizing pancreatitis. During any time course of pancreatitis, bacteremia can provoke infection inside or outside the pancreas. The patients with infected pancreatic necrosis may have fever, chills, and abdominal pain as inflammatory symptoms. These specific clinical presentations can differentiate infected pancreatic necrosis from other pancreatic diseases. Herein, I report an atypical case of infected pancreatic necrosis in which abdominal pain, elevation of white blood cell, and fever were not found at the time of admission. Rather, a 10-kg weight loss (from 81 to 71 kg) over 2 months nearly led to a misdiagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The patient was finally diagnosed based on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. This case highlights that awareness of the natural course of pancreatitis and infected pancreatic necrosis is important. In addition, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration should be recommended for the diagnosis and treatment of indeterminate pancreatic lesions in selected patients.
An Improved Scoring System Based on Platelet-Albumin-Bilirubin in Predicting Posthepatectomy Liver Failure Outcomes
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Xiaoling , Li Jiangbin , Dong Rui , Bai Xiaoxi
Published: August 2020

Background: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is one of the major complications of liver resection that causes perioperative mortality. Accurate preoperative assessment of PHLF is of great significance to reduce the complication rate after hepatectomy and improve the survival rate. Methods: A retrospective study of patients who received hepatectomy from January 2016 to October 2019 at Tang Du Hospital was performed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive effects of various scoring models on PHLF. Results: The area under the ROC curve of platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) score, new platelet-albumin-bilirubin (I-PALBI) score, ALBI score, and MELD score was, respectively, 0.647, 0.772, 0.677, and 0.686 (p < 0.01). The I-PALBI score was significantly better than the other scores. Conclusions: I-PALBI score can be used as a predictive score of PHLF, and its prediction accuracy is better than other scoring systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF WOODCERAMICS FROM TROPICAL FLORA
Authors: Howpinjai Itsaree , Laemsak Nikhom , Hengniran Pongsak
Published: August 2020

Woodceramics are porous carbon or hybrid materials, derived from woody materials impregnated with a thermosetting resin and vacuum carbonized at a high temperature. Woodceramics have become commercially valuable as these are used in many appliances such as heaters, gas filters, absorbents, humidity and temperature sensors. Hence, this study aimed to determine the suitable conditions for producing woodceramics from various materials and their potential applications. The Specific Surface Area (SSA), pore volume, pore diameter, and adsorption isotherm of woodceramics made from Bamboo, Pine, Eucalyptus, Rubberwood, and Oil Palm shell particleboards were obtained using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The average pore diameter is classified as being mesoporous (2-50 nm). The SSA and adsorption isotherm results of the woodceramics made from Eucalyptus showed that these species can be used as an activated charcoal and their volume electrical resistivity is similar to that of a semiconductor. When carbonized at maximum temperatures of 800 Â°C and 1,000 Â°C, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (ESE) of woodceramics was approximately 20-60 dB within a frequency range of 800-2,200 MHz. This ESE Â Â was higher than that woven from boron carbon fiber, carbon boron, and stainless steel fiber filled thermoplastics. Moreover, the woodceramics production cost was lower than that of using the commercial materials.Â
DIVERSITY AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF VASCULAR EPIPHYTES ON A MALAYSIAN MANGROVE ISLAND
Authors: Rohani Shahrudin , Lee Fei Lin , Yusoff Abdul Shukor
Published: August 2020

Many studies have attempted to explain the diversity and abundance of epiphytic plants in major ecosystems, worldwide. However, investigations on the abundance of epiphytic plants in mangroves have remained rare. The aim of this research was to study the diversity and vertical distribution of vascular epiphytes in a mangrove forest in peninsular Malaysia. The sampling was done over a 0.1 hectare of Pulau Telaga Tujuh, a mangrove island in Terengganu, Malaysia. Trees with vascular epiphytes were divided into three strata: basal, trunk and canopy. The vascular epiphytes were identified, and the number of individuals in each stratum was recorded. In total, 8 species of vascular epiphytes from 6 genera and 4 families were recorded. Pulau Telaga Tujuh mangrove forest exhibited a relatively low diversity of vascular epiphytes (Hâ€™ = 1.43). The dominance of Hydnopytum formicarum significantly contributed to the diversity of vascular epiphytes in this forest. The highest abundance of epiphytes was observed on the trunks of the host trees. The vertical distribution pattern observed in this study is associated with the adaptation of the epiphytic plants to stresses in the mangrove ecosystem, particularly, drought and salt spray. Pulau Telaga Tujuh had a high density of vascular epiphytes but lower diversity compared with other ecosystems.
SOIL PROPERTIES BELOW EXOTIC TREE PLANTATIONS AT THE SAITHONG SILVICULTURAL RESEARCH STATION IN PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Urairak Kanokwan , Poolsiri Roongreang , Kaitpraneet San
Published: August 2020

Often, exotic trees grow very fast in their new environments and sometimes even faster than the indigenous ones. These exotics seem to be tougher and live through harsher conditions. They may be drought resistant, and they can survive long periods with little to no rainfall. These trees are fast growing and are resistant to pests and diseases which tend to damage the locally growing trees. Moreover, these trees can help improve soil physical and chemical properties. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of soil under different tree plantations, namely Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia crassicarpa and Acacia aulacocarpa at the Saithong Silvicultural Research Station. Three soil composite samples were collected from soil depths of 0-10, 10-30, and 30-50 cm, in the three stands aged 27-year old and planted at a spacing of 2 x 2 m. Â Soil type in these stands was sandy loam. Soil moisture percentage (12.85%) was significantly the highest in the E. urophylla plantation. Phosphorus (18.2 mg/kg DW), magnesium (6.98 cmolc/kgDW), and potassium (6.98 cmolc/kgDW) contents were also the greatest in the E. urophylla plantation. Organic matter content was the highest in the A. crassicarpa plantation (7.59%), while nitrogen (0.04%) and calcium (36.17cmolc/kg DW) contents were the highest in the A. aulacocarpa plantation. Significant differences were also observed in the soil bulk density and porosity attributable to structure, tillage, cropping practices, soil depth and compaction. Characterization of soil pore system is equally important in understanding soil physical and parent material composition, which has a direct impact on soil chemistry and fertility. Parent material rich in soluble ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) is desirable, as these chemicals are easily dissolved in water and readily available for plants. For soils with poor nutrient content found in warm and humid tropical climates with low water supply, E. urophylla, A. crassicarpa and A. aulacocarpa have the potential to enhance the aboveground stand production. Undoubtedly, when planted, they can help restore the soil nutrients faster and therefore, can be used in forest plantations or in agroforestry farms.
Hoje tem fumus boni iuris em Chã: as vantagens de ser fluvial - resenha de Chã (2018), de Enoo Miranda
Authors: Pascoal Vinicius Gomes
Published: August 2020

Resenha de Chã  (2018), de Enoo Miranda.

As palavras do poeta são um rio  impregnados de imaginário imagéticos. Tudo um dia foi assim. Tudo hoje continua assim.Intensidade não significa crueza de metáforas cotidianas, mas a vida está cheia dessas proezas. O poeta não faz críticas, o poeta faz a sociedade.Toda sociedade é feita de camadas, e a maior camada está sempre com os desfavorecidos. Negro é o reflexo do trabalho no corte de cana e nos outros canaviais wireless.
Dois poemas modernos
Authors: Ferrari Luís Felipe
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
O retrato de um corpo negro: resenha de Um corpo negro (2019), de Lubi Prates
Authors: Aniceto Patrícia de Paula
Published: August 2020

Resenha de Um corpo negro (2019), de Lubi Prates.
O performativo em Diário da catástrofe brasileira: uma análise da assinatura de Ricardo Lísias
Authors: Silva Nivana Ferreira da
Published: August 2020

Na série de ebooks Diário da catástrofe brasileira (2019, 2020), de Ricardo Lísias, são notáveis a expressiva referência à forma do material, o aproveitamento das tecnologias e o trânsito entre vida e obra, características que já estavam presentes em textos anteriores do autor, ainda que de outra maneira. Sendo assim, proponho uma discussão sobre o performativo (AUSTIN, 1998; DERRIDA, 1991; FISH, 1982) nos ebooks e na relação que estabelecem com publicações precedentes de Lísias, partindo da hipótese de que, performativamente, o autor lança mão de certas estratégias a favor da circulação de sua assinatura no campo literário e, sobretudo, considerando o contexto da literatura contemporânea, que, conforme defendo, faz emergir novas questões para pensarmos o performativo e seus desdobramentos.
O itinerário nas Galáxias de Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Souza Ana Claudia Ferreira Martins de
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo promove uma análise comparativa da obra Galáxias de Haroldo de Campos (1984) e O itinerário de Benjamin de Tudela, um relato de viagem escrito entre 1160 e 1173. Objetiva-se apresentar a hipótese de releitura do texto medieval em Galáxias, apontando semelhanças, diferenças e possíveis desdobramentos. Para tal, concentramos a investigação em três aspectos fundamentais: a estrutura de Galáxias; os elementos constitutivos na representação da realidade e seus equivalentes no passado evocado; o olhar do presente sobre o passado e os procedimentos poéticos na atualização do documento histórico.
Freshwater decapods (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Palair Reservoir, Telangana, India
Authors: Sudipta Mandal  , Jaiswal Deepa , A. Narahari  , C. Shivashankar
Published: August 2020

Recent surveys conducted in 2016–2018 from the Palair Reservoir of the Indian state of Telangana resulted in the collection of 153 specimens of freshwater decapods.  These specimens are assigned to 10 species: seven prawns in three genera and three families; three crabs in two genera of one family.  Among these, four species are recorded here as new records to Telangana: Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844, Caridina gracilipes De Man, 1892, Barytelphusa guerini (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), and Oziotelphusa sp.
An account of snake specimens in St. Joseph’s College Museum Kozhikode, India, with data on species diversity
Authors: V.J. Zacharias  , Boby Jose
Published: August 2020

This paper presents details of the snake collection in the museum of the Zoology Department, St Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Kozhikode and provides data to assess the diversity and abundance of snake fauna in the Kozhikode area of Kerala. Twenty-four species of snakes in five families are vouchered for Kozhikode region. The number of individuals catalogued in St. Josephs College collection serves as an approximate indicator of the species composition of snake fauna of the area and offers a proxy to the measure of snake abundance at Kozhikode. The most abundant well collected species in the collection was the Common Cobra, Naja naja.
New records of hoverflies of the genus Volucella Geoffroy (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Pakistan along with a checklist of known species
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Asghar , Bodlah Imran , Shehzad Anjum , Fatima Noor
Published: August 2020

In Pakistan, a total of 81 species under 42 genera of hoverflies are currently known.  As a result of ongoing studies on the family Syrphidae from the Pothwar region of Punjab, we have updated the list of new and known records of the genus Volucella Geoffroy, 1762.  The present study includes the diagnostic key, checklist, and distribution of known species, Volucella peleterii (Macquart, 1834), V. pellucens tabanoides Motschulsky, 1859, and V. ruficauda Brunetti, 1907.  Volucella pellucens tabanoides Motschulsky, 1859 is a new record for Pakistan.  Detailed photographs of all known species including the new records, their diagnostic characters and newly visited plants are provided.
Evaluating threats and conservation status of South African Aloe
Authors: Bamigboye Samuel O.
Published: August 2020

South Africa is one of the biodiversity hotspots for Aloe in Africa.  This makes it important to evaluate the conservation status and threats to this genus.  The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) Red List was employed to evaluate these two factors.  Results revealed that 44% of all species in this genus are of conservation concern with the majority of them facing threats.  This study recommends that more attention such as strengthening the protection of these species and controlling the threats identified in this study should be given to species in this genus in terms of conservation management to reduce their risk of extinction.
A new genus of Pharaxonothinae from Australia (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)
Authors: YOSHIDA TAKAHIRO , LESCHEN RICHARD A.B.
Published: August 2020

Australonotha gen. nov. (type species: A. monteithi sp. nov.) is described for two specimens collected from Mount Bellender Ker, Queensland, Australia. Apart from having a monocondylic meso-metaventrital articulation, Australonotha shows similarities with other erotylid subfamilies including Dacninae, Cryptophilinae and some smaller bodied glabrous Languriinae. Australonotha is placed in Pharaxonothinae based on the presence of a transverse occipital ridge and absence of abdominal calli. It can be distinguished from members of all other erotylid taxa by the pronotum lacking a basal transverse groove and having a pair of submedial longitudinal pronotal grooves that are deep and widened posteriorly, have sharp edges laterad, and form part of a distinct rectilinear impression in the basal third.
Large-Scale Conditions for Reintensification after the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yanase Wataru , Shimada Udai , Takamura Nao
Published: August 2020

Tropical cyclones that complete extratropical transition (ETTCs) in the western North Pacific are statistically analyzed to clarify the large-scale conditions for their reintensification. A dataset of ETTCs is grouped into intensifying, dissipating, and neutral classes based on the best track data documented by the Japan Meteorological Agency during the period 1979–2018. Intensifying ETTCs are most frequent in September–October, whereas dissipating ETTCs are most frequent in the later season, October–November. Intensifying ETTCs occur at higher latitudes than dissipating ETTCs, where the upper levels are characterized by high potential vorticity (PV) and a steep horizontal gradient of PV. The composite analysis demonstrates that intensifying ETTCs are associated with deep upper-level troughs to their northwest, intense ridge building to their northeast, and strong updrafts to their north associated with vorticity advection and warm-air advection. These results statistically support the findings of previous studies. Furthermore, an analysis using a time filter demonstrates the relationship between planetary-scale environments and synoptic-scale dynamics in the upper levels. The high PV to the northwest of ETTCs is attributed not only to eastward-moving troughs, but also to the environmental PV. The low PV to the northeast of ETTCs results from the negative PV formation associated with ridge building, which almost cancels the environmental PV. Thus, the environmental PV at relatively high latitudes enhances the intensity of positive PV to the northwest of ETTCs, and increases the upper limit of the magnitude of ridge building to the northeast.
Effects of Adding Forced Near-Inertial Motion to a Wind-Driven Channel Flow
Authors: Taylor Stephanne , Straub David
Published: August 2020

An eddy-resolving primitive equation ocean model is used to examine energy transfers between frequency bands. Steady wind forcing is used to drive a geostrophic channel to which high-frequency winds are added. This excites near-inertial motion, which exerts a Reynolds stress on the slowly varying flow and acts to transfer kinetic energy between low and high frequencies. These transfers extract balanced energy primarily from the mesoscale. A frequency analysis of the transfers shows the bulk of the energy to be extracted from an intermediate range of frequencies that are large relative to the dominant kinetic energy–containing frequencies and small relative to the spectral gap separating high- and low-frequency bands. This phenomenon is robust and is found in systems spanning two orders of magnitude of kinetic energy. Direct calculation of potential energy transfers proved more difficult but nonetheless shows a similar low-to-high frequency transfer. For the parameter range considered, the ratio of potential-to-kinetic energy transfers is slightly larger than unity, and as such is consistent with balanced energy being extracted from horizontal scales that are somewhat larger than the relevant deformation radius.
Variability of the Observed Deep Western Boundary Current in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhou Muping , Wang Guihua , Liu Wenhu , Chen Changlin
Published: August 2020

The existence of a deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the South China Sea (SCS) was verified by direct observations from three current moorings deployed from September 2015 to September 2018. The average current speeds observed in the DWBC were around 1 cm s−1 along the northern boundary and 3 cm s−1 along the western boundary. The DWBC demonstrates significant intraseasonal variability in the 30–120-day-period band, which may come from the variability in the Luzon overflow or the eddies in the deep SCS forced by a stable Luzon overflow. In addition, observations found that this DWBC along the northern boundary can reverse its direction meridionally in the spring. Model results suggest that if the Luzon overflow decreases one-third of its typical transport, this current reversal can occur. This behavior can be explained through “relaxation” theory.
Influence of Wind-Induced Antenna Oscillations on Radar Observations and Its Mitigation
Authors: Chang Pao-Liang , Fang Wei-Ting , Lin Pin-Fang , Tang Yu-Shuang
Published: August 2020

As Typhoon Goni (2015) passed over Ishigaki Island, a maximum gust speed of 71 m s−1 was observed by a surface weather station. During Typhoon Goni’s passage, mountaintop radar recorded antenna elevation angle oscillations, with a maximum amplitude of ~0.2° at an elevation angle of 0.2°. This oscillation phenomenon was reflected in the reflectivity and Doppler velocity fields as Typhoon Goni’s eyewall encompassed Ishigaki Island. The main antenna oscillation period was approximately 0.21–0.38 s under an antenna rotational speed of ~4 rpm. The estimated fundamental vibration period of the radar tower is approximately 0.25–0.44 s, which is comparable to the predominant antenna oscillation period and agrees with the expected wind-induced vibrations of buildings. The reflectivity field at the 0.2° elevation angle exhibited a phase shift signature and a negative correlation of −0.5 with the antenna oscillation, associated with the negative vertical gradient of reflectivity. FFT analysis revealed two antenna oscillation periods at 0955–1205 and 1335–1445 UTC 23 August 2015. The oscillation phenomenon ceased between these two periods because Typhoon Goni’s eye moved over the radar site. The VAD analysis-estimated wind speeds at a range of 1 km for these two antenna oscillation periods exceeded 45 m s−1, with a maximum value of approximately 70 m s−1. A bandpass filter QC procedure is proposed to filter out the predominant wavenumbers (between 40 and 70) for the reflectivity and Doppler velocity fields. The proposed QC procedure is indicated to be capable of mitigating the major signals resulting from antenna oscillations.
Ethics Trade-Off Between Hazards Prevention and the Safeguard of Death Dignity During COVID-19
Authors: Logar Silvia , Leese Maggie
Published: August 2020

Urgent measures established to contain the transmission of COVID-19 and prevent biological hazards included very restrictive interventions on public Holy Masses and funerals. Italy banned any burial procedure and the decision particularly affected both catholic and islamic communities. The dignity of death and the religious competence as cultural competence during COVID-19 epidemic represent important aspects of the epidemic preparedness. This article provides relevant considerations about the topic from an ethical perspective.
Different Death Attitudes in Internalizing Symptom Context Among Norwegian and Turkish Women
Authors: Oker Kemal , Reinhardt Melinda , Schmelowszky Ágoston
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between death attitudes and depressive and anxiety symptoms among Norwegian and Turkish women. 304 participants were recruited (NNorwegian = 127 [41.8%]; NTurkish = 177 [58.2%]). The Beck Depression Inventory, the trait anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Death Attitude Profile-Revised were administered. The results showed that Fear of Death was positively correlated with anxiety symptoms among Turkish respondents; Approach Acceptance was negatively correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Norwegian participants; and none of the death attitudes had significant negative associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Turkish participants. The analysis showed that Escape Acceptance was the only death attitude positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms for both countries. We may thus hypothesise that Escape Acceptance is the most maladaptive death attitude for both countries. Patients with this death attitude should be paid closer attention.
Supporting Black and Latino boys in school: A call to action
Authors: Huerta Adrian H. , Howard Tyrone C. , Haro Bianca N.
Published: August 2020

The educational experiences of Black and Latino males in K-12 are often riddled with unnecessary challenges and stresses that contribute to diminished academic outcomes. Adrian H. Huerta, Tyrone C. Howard, and Bianca N. Haro seek to highlight instead the importance of positive asset-based research and practice efforts focused on supporting Black and Latino male high school students. Based on a yearlong study of more than 200 Black and Latino male youth in six urban high schools in California, they provide recommendations for more effectively studying and supporting this population. The combination of asset-based research and practice drawn from that research is intended to better support, engage, and enhance the educational experiences of Black and Latino male students in K-12 institutions and beyond.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Altavilla Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Jennifer Altavilla recommends the book The Other Side of Assimilation: How Immigrants are Changing American Life by Tomás Jiménez. Bruce Baker recommends The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America by Richard Rothstein.
Comprehensive Community Screening of Otological Patients by Trained Technicians Using a Telemedicine Device: An Efficient and Cost-Effective Way to Triage Patients With Ear Diseases
Authors: Gupta Nishi , Baghotia K. S. , Rabha Manipadama , Sachdeva Sanchi , Sahai Garima , Bhatnagar Kaustubh , Ahuja Prateek
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To emphasize the benefits of tele-otology in community screening of patients with ear diseases.

Methods:

A retrospective study of all patients screened and treated under the Shruti tele-otology program between 2013 and 2019 was conducted. It involved screening, diagnosis, medical management, surgical intervention, and rehabilitation using hearing aid. The study focused on underprivileged and underserved community of rural and urban slums across 12 states of India. The study was conducted using a telemedicine device called ENTraview, that is, a camera-enabled android phone integrated with an otoscope and audiometry screening.

Result:

A total of 810 746 people were screened, and incidence of various ear diseases was recorded. Ear problems were found in 265 615 (33%) patients, of which 151 067 (57%) had impacted wax, 46 792(18%) had chronic suppurative otitis media, 27 875 (10%) had diminished hearing, 12 729 (5%) had acute otitis media and acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), and 27 152 (10%) had problems of foreign body, otomycosis, and so on. Of the total 265 615 referred patients, 20 986 (8%) reported for treatment and received treatment at a significantly reduced cost through Shruti program partners. The conversion rate of nonsurgical and surgical procedure was also compared, and it was found that, while 9% of the patients opted for nonsurgical treatment, only 3% opted for surgery in the intervention group giving a significant P value of .00001.

Conclusion:

The potential for telemedicine to reduce inequalities in health care is immense but remains underutilized. Shruti has largely been able to bridge this gap as it is an innovative, fast, and effective programs that address the ear ailment in the community.
Easy-to-use electrocautery smoke evacuation device for open surgery under the risk of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ekci Baki
Published: August 2020

Objective

This study was performed to introduce an easy method of surgical smoke evacuation for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery.

Methods

An easy, inexpensive, protective, and practical surgical smoke evacuation device/system was developed and is herein described.

Results

The use of this surgical smoke evacuation device/system in open surgery is convenient and effective. It allows for easy, economic, useful, and protective surgical smoke evacuation.

Conclusions

COVID-19 infection causes direct mortality and morbidity, and its incidence has recently increased. Protection from electrosurgery-related smoke is recommended particularly during the current pandemic. This surgical smoke evacuation device/system is easy to use and provides a convenient and effective method of smoke evacuation during both open surgery and all cauterization interventions.
Innovative approaches to designing and manufacturing a prosthetic thumb
Authors: Štefanovič Branko , Michalíková Monika , Bednarčíková Lucia , Trebuňová Marianna , Živčák Jozef
Published: August 2020

Case description:

Conventional methods for producing custom prosthetic fingers are time-consuming, can be uncomfortable for the patient, and require a skilled prosthetist. The subject was a 40-year-old male with congenital absence of the thumb and related metacarpal bone on the right non-dominant hand, anomaly of the lengths of individual upper limb segments, and contracture of the elbow joint. This hand presentation made it impossible for him to perform thumb opposition, which is a very important function for common daily activities.

Objective:

The goal was to design an individual passive thumb prosthesis using free open-source software, 3D scanning technology, and additive manufacturing methods (i.e., fused filament fabrication).

Study design:

Case report.

Treatment:

Artificial thumb prostheses with two types of bases and fastening interfaces were designed and manufactured. One combination was chosen as the best alternative.

Outcomes:

The shape, positioning, firmness, and fastening of the prosthesis were compliant enough for the patient to be able to hold objects with his healthy fingers and artificial thumb. This innovative approach to fabrication of a custom thumb prosthesis provided considerable advantages in terms of custom sizing, manufacturing time, rapid production, iteration, comfort, and costs when compared to conventional methods of manufacturing a hand prosthesis.

Conclusion:

The methodology of designing and manufacturing a prosthetic thumb using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing technologies have been demonstrated to be adequate from a practical point of view. These technologies show potential for use in the practice of prosthetics.
Choosing Bad Jobs: The Use of Nonstandard Work as a Commitment Device
Authors: Adler Laura
Published: August 2020

With nonstandard work on the rise, workers are increasingly forced into bad jobs—jobs that are low-paying, part-time, short-term, and dead-end. But some people, especially in cultural industries, embrace this kind of work. To understand why some might choose bad jobs when better options are available, this paper examines the job preferences of aspiring artists, who often rely on bad day jobs as they attempt to achieve economic success in the arts. Using interviews with 68 college-educated artists, I find that their preferences are informed not only by utility and identity considerations—two factors established in the literature—but also by the value of bad jobs as commitment devices, which reinforce dedication to career aspirations. The case offers new insights into the connection between jobs and careers and enriches the concept of the commitment device with a sociological perspective, showing that these devices are not one-time contracts but ongoing practices.
Interroger la sexualité d’hommes atteints d’un cancer de la prostate. Retours sur une enquête par entretiens semi-directifs
Authors: Braverman Louis
Published: August 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à un enjeu bien connu des chercheur·e·s qui enquêtent sur la sexualité, à savoir l’échange de propos au sujet de pratiques jugées privées et pouvant entrainer des résistances dans leur mise en récit. Proposant un retour réflexif sur le recueil du matériel empirique d’une thèse de sociologie, l’analyse rend compte des spécificités d’une enquête sur la sexualité d’hommes vieillissants hétérosexuels atteints par le cancer de la prostate. Après une série de remarques sur le corpus d’entretiens et le dispositif d’enquête, deux hypothèses viennent étayer le postulat selon lequel les frontières du dicible et de l’indicible sont redéfinies par la maladie. L’attention portée aux facteurs ayant eu une influence sur le recueil des données permet enfin de montrer comment la relation d’enquête est traversée par des rapports de pouvoir et comment l’ouverture de l’entretien aux conjointes des hommes atteints d’un cancer de la prostate modèle le contenu des récits sur la sexualité.
Trajectories of the Psychological Status of Mothers of Infants With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Prospective Cohort Study From the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Yoshioka Eiji , Saijo Yasuaki , Miyamoto Toshinobu , Sengoku Kazuo , Azuma Hiroshi , Tanahashi Yusuke , Ito Yoshiya , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Minatoya Machiko , Bamai Yu Ait , Yamazaki Keiko , Ito Sachiko , Miyashita Chihiro , Araki Atsuko , Kishi Reiko ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: August 2020

Objective:

This study examined psychological status trajectories of mothers of infants with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in Japan.

Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Setting:

Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study.

Participants:

Infants with a nonsyndromic cleft (N = 148) including cleft lip and palate (CLP; n = 72), cleft lip (CL; n = 46), and cleft palate (CP; n = 30). The control group included unaffected infants (N = 84 454).

Main Outcome Measures:

At 15 weeks and 27 weeks of pregnancy and 12 months after birth, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (clinical cutoff ≥5) was used. At 1 month and 6 months after birth, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (clinical cutoff ≥9) was used.

Results:

Prenatal diagnosis rates were unavailable. Mothers of infants with CLP had higher psychological distress than controls at 27 weeks of pregnancy (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74) and postnatal depression at 1 month after birth (PR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.53-3.19). Mothers of infants with CP showed heightened psychological distress at 27 weeks of pregnancy (PR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.21-2.17) and postnatal depression 6 months after birth (PR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.43). There was no significant association between CL and maternal psychological status. At 12 months after birth, no differences in distress were found between mothers of infants with a cleft and controls.

Conclusions:

Mothers of infants with orofacial clefts may need psychosocial support, particularly during pregnancy and the first year after birth.
Mechanical behavior of sandwich panels with hybrid face sheets and embedded super-elastic SMA wires under quasi-static loading: An experimental investigation
Authors: Masoudi Moghaddam SA , Yarmohammd Tooski M , Jabbari M , Khorshidvand AR
Published: August 2020

In this paper the experimental behavior of sandwich panels with hybrid composite face sheets and SMA wires under quasi-static loading test was investigated. The square-shaped sandwich panel was composed of a foam core and hybrid composite face sheets consisted of carbon-epoxy and glass-epoxy laminates, in which pre-strained super-elastic SMA wires were placed between the laminates. Sandwich panels had three types of layouts, with symmetric and asymmetric face sheets and with or without the SMA wires between the layers of the faces of the panel. The panels were subjected to quasi-static loading using the Universal testing machine Zwick 250H. The response of quasi-static loading was presented as force-displacement diagrams for sandwich panels. Moreover, the damage morphology of panels after quasi-static loading test was presented by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the damaged surfaces of the panels were estimated by active infrared thermography of the damage surface. Through comparing the damage level on the sandwich panels, the effect of the presence of the SMA wires, as well as the symmetry or asymmetry of the panel surfaces in reinforcing the structure and reducing the level of damage caused by quasi-static loading were investigated. The comparison of the behavior of the panels under the quasi-static loading test indicated that the use of SMA wires in the front face and the asymmetry of the surfaces were more effective and reinforced by applying more carbon layers in the back face to increase panel resistance.