bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
40.2: Programmable topological waveguide via nematic liquid crystals
Authors: He Xiaoxian , Wang Xiangru
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of display technology, liquid crystals have gained significant attention. The unique optical properties of liquid crystals, such as birefringent optical performance and adaptive stimulus-responsiveness, provide a soft material platform for optical communication, biosensing, spatial light modulation, and topological photons. In this paper, based on the tunable refractive index of nematic liquid crystal and the robust transmission characteristics of topological photonic crystals, a valley photonic crystal based on liquid crystal (LCs-VPC) is proposed. The LCs-VPC has graphene-like lattice structure, and the liquid crystal molecules with different refractive indexes are confined in cylinders and hopingly arranged at six vertices of the lattice to break the space inversion symmetry. The topological non-trivial state is generated by adjusting the LCs’ refractive index via bias voltages. Topological waveguides with valley-protected edge modes are designed by stacking different states of lattice cells in the plane. The programmability of the waveguide is achieved by applying an external voltage to encode the state of the LCs in each cylinder. Based on the programmable topological waveguide, a programmable beam splitter has been designed. Our proposed LCs-VPC devices are beneficial for the development of integrated topological photonic circuits.
41.1: Invited Paper: Design of Organic Electroluminescence Material via High‐Throughput Screening For OLED Applications
Authors: Xin Zhaorui , Ding Zhiheng , Li Zhongjuan , Zhang Yue
Published: August 2023

The hot exciton mechanism has joined TTA and TADF as one of the three fundamental theories widely recognized for overcoming the spin statistics constraint in FOLEDs. Although there has been many research and application of hot exciton materials in OLED, the relationship between the molecular structure and its performance of hot exciton material is still unclear. In this work, we performed a high-throughput quantum chemistry calculation for screening hot exciton materials. Ten thousand different molecules are calculated for the electronic donor or acceptor for hot exciton material molecule. Ten hot exciton material molecules were designed based on predicted properties, while other molecular properties were also analyzed. This research represents a significant opportunity to enhance our comprehension of the interplay between material structure and performance and could potentially accelerate the design of hot exciton materials.
42.1: Invited Paper: Naked‐Eye 3D Display System Based on Microlens Array
Authors: Wu Congrui , Ma Xitong , Tang Xiaojun , Li Xin , Duan Ran , Zhao Xingxing , Zhou Xing
Published: August 2023

3D display technology can bring users 3D stereoscopic and realistic visual experience. At present, many types of 3D display technologies have been developed in this field. Among them, naked eye 3D is a more advanced 3D display technology. Compared with traditional polarized 3D display technology, it allows people to directly observe the stereo vision effect without polarized glasses. The naked-eye 3D technology discussed in this paper is based on micro-lens array, which is an important branch in the field of naked-eye 3D display. In this paper, the real-time human eye tracking technology is used to capture the user's human eye coordinates, and the pixel layout on the display module is adjusted in real time according to the human eye coordinate position, so as to ensure that the images taken into the human eye within any visual angle range have a three- dimensional effect. BOE has accumulated many advanced technologies in the field of display and artificial intelligence, especially in the fields of high-resolution display, new display and human eye tracking. This paper focuses on the naked eye 3D display system independently developed by BOE.
44.1: Invited Paper: The Effect Investigation and Objective Quantification of Dynamic Spatial Distortions on VIMS
Authors: Xia Zhenping , Peng Zixiong , Bai Yi , Liu Yujie , Cheng Cheng
Published: August 2023

The mismatches among 3D content acquisition, display, and perception configurations can result in geometric distortion, which is a potential factor affecting the symptom of VIMS. 3D videos simulating two mismatch types and the reference matched situation were customized for the perception experiment. The subjective SSQ, five‐scale VIMS level rating and objective postural instability are adopted as the evaluation metrics. The results show that the factor matched type represented spatial distortion has a significant effect on the subjective VIMS level and objective postural instability metrics (p<0.05). The VIMS level and postural instability increments of the match type are significantly lower than that of mismatch types. Besides, indexes based on Elastic Potential Energy are proposed for the objective quantification of dynamic spatial distortions.
44.4: Effects of Circadian Rhythm, Ambient Illuminance and Display Content on Comfortable Display Luminance
Authors: Wu Chenyu , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Liu Xin , Jia Linyu , Zheng Binyi , Liu Jie
Published: August 2023

The influences of ambient illuminance, display content and circadian rhythm on the perceived brightness were studied through a psychophysical experiment and the comfort zone of display luminance was investigated. The results showed that illuminance and display content, rather than circadian rhythm affected judgment of comfortable display luminance.
45.1: A volumetric 3D display system based on coded PDLC
Authors: LI An-ran , SRIVASTAVA Abhishek K , YU Xin-yi , SUN Zhi-bo , Yuan Zheng-Nan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present an optically transparent multi‐planar 3D display device based on multi‐passive matrixed coded pixelated polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC). The PDLC film used in this experiment has high transparency transmission (97.1%) and fast switching time characteristics within 20ms. We provide a method to display different depth‐of‐field images by layering them on a multi‐layer screen, by which it is possible to render near and far views in different planes, thus bringing 3‐dimensional visual information to the observer, ultimately A proof‐of‐concept prototype of a dual‐plane 3D display has been realized.
46.2: Invited Paper: Highoutput tests for vehicle displays
Authors: Weinhold Wolfgang P. , Wang Helen
Published: August 2023

This paper will introduce the latest development on large vehicle display testing methods. Due to the upscale dimension of the display products, a high output testing machine and the corresponding testing methods have been developed to test the durability and functionality of displays or surfaces materials or products in the vicinity of the display.

It is applicable for the developer and producer of displays, films and coatings and electric switches or buttons, the integration provider and the overall product OEM.
49.2: A Coatable and Ultra‐thin Polarizer for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Cheng Yue-Chu , Gao Yi-Yang , Tseng Man-Chun , Ho Yeuk-Lung , Vashchenko Olena , Tang Shu-Tuen , Vashchenko Valerii , Yeung Sze-Yan , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2023

This work focuses on developing a solution‐based ultra‐thin polarizer for liquid crystal displays, utilizing dichroic azo dye AD1 as the key material. The produced AD1 polarizer exhibits excellent optical performance with a dichroic ratio of over 95. The film thickness is less than 200nm. Furthermore, a TN LCD with an incell polarizer is demonstrated. This technology shows excellent prospects for developing high‐performance, coatable polarizers with scalability and lower‐cost manufacturing potential.
49.3: A Modified Unsupervised Vision Transformer Network for High‐fidelity Computer‐generated Holography
Authors: Xu Chao , Dong Zhenxing , Chen Shuyi , Li Yan , Ling Yuye , Su Yikai
Published: August 2023

To generate high quality images with faster calculation speed for holographic displays, we propose a modified unsupervised Vision Transformer model, which has the capability of capturing globalfeatures of an image. The proposed method can infer a hologram significantly faster than the stochastic gradient descent method, while producing images with similar quality.
50.2: Invited Paper: A Closer Look: Advancements in Near‐Eye Display Testing and Metrology
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Chaohao
Published: August 2023

This paper discusses the importance of optical testing metrology for near‐eye displays (NED) used in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) environments. The accuracy of parameters such as resolution, contrast, field of view, and color accuracy is critical to the effectiveness of NED. However, existing testing methods for these parameters may not consider the visual characteristics of NED. The paper proposes innovative testing methods for evaluating contrast, pupil swim, and pixel per degree (PPD) in NED. The proposed ANSI contrast test method is found to be more suitable for evaluating the contrast of VR headsets than traditional methods. The paper also proposes two advanced PPD testing methods that take into account lens design and image rendering, providing a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of pixel distribution on screens at different viewing angles. These testing methods have the potential to improve the development of high‐resolution displays and advance our understanding of the perception of visual stimuli.
50.6: Establishing of the Device‐independent Mura Simulation and Quantitative Evaluation Dataset
Authors: Wen Ming , Feng Xiaofan , Zheng Zeng Qiang , Hu Xiao Long
Published: August 2023

There is a need to establish a novel dataset for the development of
better Mura quantitative evaluation method. Our proposed Mura
simulation and quantitative evaluation (MSQE) dataset consists
of Mura simulation images and the corresponding quantitative
evaluation values. For the Mura simulation images, the images
are described in CIE 1931 XYZ space instead of traditional RGB
space to achieve device‐independent on any display panels. For
the quantitative evaluation values, the unique subjective
quantitative evaluation value for each simulation image is
obtained by subjective experiments conducted by different
researchers, different observers, and on different panels, so that
the uncertainty can be minimized by statistical analysis. The
number of samples are growing with more simulation images and
corresponding evaluation values being added into the dataset, so
that more actual Mura patterns can be included into the dataset.
Our proposed MSQE dataset makes it easier to improve the
performance of Mura quantitative evaluation.
51.2: Simulating the Visual Impairment Symptoms of Age‐related Macular Degeneration in Virtual Reality
Authors: Wilson Cameron R. M. , Dhillon Baljean , Underwood Ian
Published: August 2023

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of
blindness in the developed world and primarily affects the older
population. This project developed a virtual reality (VR)
simulation of AMD that allows users to alter the intensity of the
impairments while using the simulation, as well as offering a
guided timelapse of the possible progression of the condition. The
simulation also demonstrates Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS),
showing numerous different types of visual hallucinations that
may occur alongside AMD.
52.2: Research on Industrial Application and Standards of Ultra HD Video
Authors: Wu Chensi , Jia Kai , Zhao Xiaoying
Published: August 2023

Ultra high definition(UHD) industrial applications play a huge
role, which can improve production efficiency, enhance product
quality, and reduce resource waste. In the future, the industrial
application of UHD video will be more extensive, but UHD is a
long way to go to achieve total popularity. Therefore, there is an
urgent need to develop a unified and open standard to promote the
industrialization of UHD video. In this paper, we summarize the
key technical aspects of UHD video industrial applications from
the requirements of the UHD video industry. The standardization
needs of industrial application areas are analyzed. According to
the common problems and constraints in UHD video application,
the standard system of UHD video industrial application is
proposed, which contains five aspects: basic commonality, testing
and certification, business presentation, auxiliary management,
and field application. Finally, the shortcomings of UHD video
industrial applications are pointed out, and possible solutions are
given.
54.3: A Hybrid Neural Network Approach for Phase Optimization of Liquid Crystal Lens in Three‐dimensional Display
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Yumeng , Lu Jiangang
Published: August 2023

Liquid crystal(LC) lenses are widely applied in three‐dimensional(3D) display, augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) and machine vision system due to the advantages of electrical controllability and high flexibility. However, LC lenticular display technology is limited by the material characteristics of LC materials, because it is difficult to overcome the shortcomings of low resolution and high crosstalk at the same time. In this paper, a phase distribution optimization scheme based on the neural network is proposed, which may realizes the complex phase distribution of LC lens through machine learning and improve the optical properties of lenticular 3D display technology.lujg@sjtu.edu.cn
P‐1.4: Oxygen‐Plasma Induced Generation of Mobile Charge Carriers in Indium‐Tin‐Zinc Oxide
Authors: Xie Xinying , Chen Kaiqi , Zhou Zhichao , Jiang Wei , Wang Yuqi , Wang Sisi , Xia Zhihe , Wong Man
Published: August 2023

Mobile charge carriers can be generated in indium‐tinzinc oxide (ITZO) covered with a silicon oxide layer when subjected to an oxygen plasma treatment. The resulting ‍resistivity is sensitive to the thickness of the cover oxide, the plasma excitation power, and the treatment time. With 280 ‍nm of cover oxide and 10 mins of treatment, a low resistivity of 1.2 mΩ∙cm can be obtained in a plasma biased ‍with a radio frequency excitation power of 100 W and an inductively coupled plasma excitation power of 2000 W. ‍The treatment has been deployed to form the source/drain regions of a self‐aligned, top‐gate ITZO thin‐film ‍transistor.
P‐1.7: Approaching Giga‐Hertz Frequency Characteristic of Low Voltage Organic Field‐Effect Transistor in Subthreshold Region
Authors: Zhao Jiaqing , Wang Na , Li Zeqing , Wang Jin , Bai Zhen
Published: August 2023

Low voltage and high frequency organic field‐effect transistors
(OFETs) show great potential in the field of wearable devices. To
clarify the high frequency operation mechanism of OFETs, this
work presents a frequency characterization model and verifies it
through simulations in Atlas. The current gain cut‐off frequency
model derivation for the OFETs was carried out in the
subthreshold region, including conventional physical factors
such as effective mobility, channel length, channel width, contact
length, and gate dielectric capacitance. Besides these, the trapgap density at the channel was initially considered as an
important factor affecting the cut‐off frequency of OFETs.
Together with contact lengths, their influence on the current gain
cut‐off frequency was verified with simulations in Atlas.
P‐2.9: A review of image generation methods based on deep learning
Authors: Wang Chuang , Song Jianwen , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

Image as a medium of visual information transmission have the advantages of vividness, intuition and easy understanding. They play an important role in information transmission and utilization. In recent years, due to the rapid development of deep learning technology in the field of image processing, image generative model based on neural network has become one of the current research hotspots. In the field of deep learning, unsupervised learning model has received more and more attentions, especially in the field of deep generative models, which has made breakthrough progress [1] . Among them, Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and Diffusion Model are the three most representative research methods in the field of unsupervised learning. They have been applied more and more in the field of deep generative models. Especially, the high-quality image generative models based on the generative adversarial network continue to be hot. The diffusion model is a rising star, which is favored by more and more researchers. This paper first summarizes the main research work, improvement mechanism and features of image generation methods based on VAE and GAN, then introduces the principle of the rising diffusion model and its representative models. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the above methods are compared and analyzed, and prospects for future research are put forward.
P‐2.10: Design and Implementation of Mobile Robot Path Planning System Based on SLAM Technology
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2023

The exploration of unknown environment for mobile unmanned vehicles has always been a hot and difficult research topic. Localization and map construction (SLAM) and path planning scheme are the key technologies for autonomous localization and navigation of unmanned vehicles. Path planning of mobile unmanned vehicles is one of the most important core technologies of unmanned vehicles, and the planned path should be as optimal and conflict-free as possible. This paper analyzes and compares the global path planning techniques based on Dijkstra and A star. A star algorithm introduces heuristic functions and reduces the search of nodes, which not only retains the advantages of Dijkstra algorithm in obtaining the shortest path, but also takes into account the advantages of breadth first search. Therefore, A star algorithm is selected as the global path planning algorithm in this topic.
P‐2.13: Design of Volume Holographic Grating based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Cai Jiahao , Guo Yusong , Guo Min , Feng Qibin , Wang Zi , Lv Guoqiang
Published: August 2023

High-performance volume holographic grating (VHG) is an important coupling element of holographic waveguide. Small angular bandwidth and low average diffraction efficiency are important disadvantages restricting the applications of VHG. This paper presents a VHG design method based on genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is a method of searching for the optimal solution by simulating the natural evolution process.When using genetic algorithm to design VHG, it is necessary to establish a suitable evaluation function, in which angular bandwidth and diffraction efficiency are calculated on the basis of Kogelnik coupled wave theory. The simulation results show that the diffraction efficiency of the designed VHG can reach 96.5% after the optimized design, and the angular bandwidth is 14.1°. Compared with the traditional VHG design method, it is simpler and easier to find the optimal preparation parameters, which provides a theoretical basis for the analysis and preparation of VHG.
P‐2.19: Research on VR based Environmental Adaptability Evaluation Technology for Aviation Medical Rescue
Authors: Li Zhengping , Jia Kehao , Liu Yuning , Li Ying , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of virtual reality technology, most of the current simulation training of aeromedical rescue is head-mounted VR equipment for operation process simulation training, which lacks the assessment of personnel adaptability. In order to objectively and quantitatively assess the adaptability status of testers, an adaptability assessment system based on heart rate variability and brain electrophysiological signals was designed. The design is based on a combined mind-brain approach that can detect the testers' adaptive state more objectively, comprehensively and accurately. The design uses HUAWEI WATCH D and Brainlink to acquire the heart rate and EEG signal changes of the monitored person in real time, and transmits the signal conditioning to the host computer wirelessly via Bluetooth. The upper computer performs heart rate variability analysis and extracts the adaptive features of EEG data, including concentration, relaxation, and various brainwave energy spectra. Finally, the results of heart rate variability data and EEG data analysis are combined to realize the adaptation assessment of VR in the simulated environment of air medical rescue.
P‐2.29: Depth Estimation of Light Field Image Based on Compressed Sensing and Multi‐clue Fusion
Authors: Lv Chen , Xiao Min , Zhang Bingbing , Chen Pengbo , Liu Xiaomin
Published: August 2023

In the current research field of light field depth estimation, the occlusion of complex scenes and a large amount of computational data are the problems that every researcher must face. For complex occlusion scenes, this paper proposes a depth estimation method based on the fusion of adaptive defocus cues and constrained angular entropy cues, which is more robust to occlusion. At the same time, the compressed sensing theory is used to compress and reconstruct the light field image to solve the problem of a large amount of data in the process of light field image acquisition, transmission, and processing. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a good overall effect in dealing with the depth estimation of the occlusion scene, and the correct depth information can be obtained. The light field image reconstructed by compressed sensing can not only obtain good depth estimation results but also reduce the amount of data effectively.
P‐4.6: Efficient Synthetic Encoding Algorithm based on Depth Offset Mapping for Tabletop Integral Imaging Display
Authors: Wang Peiren , Wang Yong , Nie Wei , Li Zhengyang , Li Zilong , Han Xue
Published: August 2023

An efficient algorithm of three‐dimensional image rendering based on depth offset mapping for tabletop integral imaging display system is proposed. The two‐dimensional color image is used as the reference image, and the corresponding gray depth image is used to obtain the depth information. The offset of pixels in each elemental image array is calculated along the horizontal and vertical directions. According to the geometric relationship between the integral imaging display panel and the viewing position, the synthesized three‐dimensional image can be rendered directly. Compared with the traditional method based on virtual viewpoints generation, the proposed algorithm has fast computational speed and high rendering efficiency. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experiment, which can provide high quality three‐dimensional display effect.
P‐4.7: Wide Refresh Rate Display Technology
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shen Can , Sha Jin , Zhang Zhi , Wang Xiaoyuan , Sun Zhidan
Published: August 2023

Realize 20~240Hz wide refresh rate display on 16.0 WUXGA Oxide platform, while meeting intel LPDT4.0 test standard, adding dynamic VCOM solution to optimize low frequency flicker. The experimental countermeasures are mainly to verify different panel parameters, dynamic VCOM, and different K‐value LCDs, which have been tested pass on the 16.0 WU platform.
P‐5.2: A novel arrangement of demux devices in active area
Authors: Cao Haiming , Tian Chao , Li Mingyue , Liu Liwang , Guo Sanqin , Chen Zhepei , Ai Fei , Cooper
Published: August 2023

We have developed a panel design that integrated the demux TFT into the active area (MIA). By placing the demux TFT in the pixel area, we eliminate the impact of the TFT to realize the narrower border. We optimized the connection of demux devices and data lines to reduce the horizontal wire in layout. The influences of the special design were verified. By introducing the novel arrangement of the circuit, the 12.3 inch LCD panel with proposed circuit was fabricated with the narrow border , and the height of the down border was reduced by 200um.
P‐6.1: Research about LCD Flicker Testing Methods and Conversion Relationship
Authors: Chao Yu , Xiny Cheng , Changlin Leng
Published: August 2023

As a common technology product in life, display screen has been deeply embedded in various fields, and the display performance is the key indicator to determine the quality of display products. The evaluation of screen flicker is one of the key control parameters to evaluate the optical performance of the screen. As the paper introduced, commonly there are two methods of testing flicker: FMA method and JEITA method. This paper makes a research about the above two evaluation methods in time and frequency domain. Particularly, by using nonlinear regression of the mathematical statistics, this paper deduces the mathematical relationship of the two methods for the evaluating in the normal data field. Also, this paper gives accurate conversion formula and the precision analysis. By using the empirical formula, the complexity of existing test equipment can be simplified, the cost and test time can be saved greatly.
P‐7.4: Influence of Annealing on Electrical Properties of ITO‐Decapped a‐Si:H TFT
Authors: Luo Xu , Liu Dan , Chen Wenxiang , Ling Faling , Wu Fang , Liu Gaobin , Zhang Shufang , Fang Liang
Published: August 2023

The thin‐film transistors based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H TFTs) undergone ITO‐Decap process usually occur a significant degradation of the device performance after the annealing treatment, especially the on‐state current (Ion). It is valuable to illuminate the cause and to get a way to solve the Ion drop problem induced by ITO‐Decap. In present work, three sets of the a‐Si:H TFTs with ITO common electrode were fabricated, and undergone different Dacap and annealing treatment. The effect of annealing times on the electrical properties and content depth distribution of O, In and Si elements in ITO‐Decapped samples were investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is found the carrier concentration decrease, but the resistivity increases with the increase of annealing times. The invasion of impurity O and In ions is the key factor to cause the device performance degradation. The theoretical simulation indicates that the invaded In atoms would bond with P to generate In‐P compound to reduce the carrier concentration, and the invaded O atoms would form SiOX oxide to enahnce the contact resistance. These two negative influences can account for the poor electrical properties of the annealed samples and the worse trend with the increase of annealing times.
P‐7.10: Facile low‐temperature solution‐processed ZrO2 films as high‐k dielectrics for flexible low ‐ power thin‐film transistors
Authors: Liu Xianzhe , Chen Ao , Li Yingxin , Chen Youbin , Zhang Tingting , Wu Jiacong , Qiu Tian , Ning Honglong , Yao Rihui , Luo Jianyi
Published: August 2023

Wearable electronics represented by flexible displays and flexible sensors have been attracting enormous attention due to portability, miniaturization and low power consumption. Due to the dramatic increase in the number of display and sensing units, the power consumption and accuracy of the devices are facing great challenges. Active‐matrix thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes can effectively reduce signal crosstalk and power consumption of wearable electronics. For TFT devices, the gate insulation layer is one of key factors affecting the device performance such as device mobility, operating voltage, and bias stability, etc. High quality of solution‐processed oxide dielectric films usually are obtained at a high temperature (>400 °C), being a challenge for compatibility with flexible plastic substrates. In this work, low‐temperature annealing processes (the electric oven (EO) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) processing) of high‐k zirconia dielectric films was investigated. Compared to the thermal annealing process, the EO or DUV processing‐annealing process could obtain an approximate dielectric properties with that of thermal annealing process. The EO and DUV processing could effectively promoted the MO framework and the elimination of oxygen defects in the spin‐coating films. DUV processing ZrO2 film annealed at 150 °C exhibited an excellent properties including a large capacitance of 220 nF/cm2 and low leakage current of ~10‐7 A/cm2. These data suggest that combining low‐temperature annealing with EO and DUV irradiation holds great promise for the rapid, low‐temperature production of high‐quality and flexible oxide electronic devices.
P‐8.9: Aero Signage Display Using Quasi‐Spatial Floating Image Generated by Holographic Optical Elements and Optical Illusion Object Maskings
Authors: Sakamoto Kunio , Yamamoto Ryota
Published: August 2023

A floating signage which means optical images are floating in the air is one of the useful ways to attract people's attention. Since 2019, our research group proposed unidirectional observable aerial signage display using thin film layers or dye-doped optical prisms to avoid mirrored imaging problem which means observers end up watching wrong messages or images from back side. In this paper, the authors describe the aero signage using quasi-spatial floating image and how to generate floating images using optical illusion and to control light paths.
P‐10.9: Quantum Dot Color Conversion Achieved by A Novel Structure of Hollow Cylindrical Blue Micro‐LED
Authors: Huang Wenjun , Lin Yonghong , Miao Xiangyu , Yang Hang , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a novel approach to achieve color conversion in micro light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs) using a hollow cylindrical design, which allows the printing of quantum dots (QDs) in a hollow place. By varying the sizes of the hollows and applying a highly reflective metal layer to the top and outer walls, the emission light can be confined to the hollows, reducing the leakage of photons and increasing the path length of the excitation light in the quantum dot area. We investigated the color conversion capabilities of 60, 70, 80, and 90 um hollows, and demonstrated a 3x3 array. This approach reduces the thickness of the quantum dots on the LED surface and eliminates the need for a thick black matrix, thereby reducing the problem of light crosstalk. This hollow cylindrical design has potential applications in displays and lighting technologies.
P‐10.12: The causes and improvement of the waterfall in Mini/MicroLED Displays
Authors: Guo Xiaoying , Liu Jinfeng , Fan Junyao , Liu Sili , Kim Nate
Published: August 2023

The display product using Mini/MicroLED backlight, in the case of using the PWM dimming method, with the OC (open cell, OC) of the 4-mask process, there will be a significant change in the horizontal light and dark band under the low gray level, which is called the waterfall phenomenon in the industry. In this paper, the causes of the waterfall phenomenon are analyzed and studied, and three methods of improving the waterfall are proposed. Experimental tests were carried out on the module of 34-inch 1152 partition, and the display effect before and after the improvement was compared, and the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.
P‐12.1: Two‐dimensional Edge Detection Implementation of Liquid Crystal Computing Metasurfaces
Authors: Peng Weiwei , Zhang Wanlong , Liu Cong , Shi Peng , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: August 2023

Computing metasurfaces have received widespread attention since they were proposed, and the ability to realize mathematical operations has enabled real time image processing with new breakthroughs, such as optical edge detection. In this paper, a new method for two-dimensional edge detection is presented, and the two-dimensional liquid crystal polarization grating is designed from the theoretical derivation. The gratings with different periods are fabricated by photoalignment technology. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional imaged edge detection are experimental realized in this work. By measuring the displacement of edge detection, the experimental results with different periods are in line with theoretical formula. The low cost and easily fabricated photoaligned liquid crystal polarization gratings achieved the real time optical computation with broadband and adjustable, which can be further applied in biological image edge and other optical display related fields.
P‐12.4: Low Voltage Switchable Bistable Twist Nematic Display
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Tseng Man Chun , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: August 2023

The most common electronic paper technology is E‐ink, which enables many novel applications such as e‐readers, watches and electronic shelf labels. However, due to the TFT backplane driving and complex production processes, the cost of this technology is high, which limits its popularity. Recently, a low‐cost π‐bistable twist nematic (π‐BTN) liquid crystal display with a high pretilt angle is proposed. It has the same structure and production method as an ordinary liquid crystal display. Passive driving enables the manufacture of high‐resolution bistable displays without the use of thin‐film transistors. Compared with the current bistable twist nematic display technology, the high pretilt angles structure helps to achieve a lowvoltage and fast‐respond bistable display. This wide viewing angle, high contrast and TFT‐free display is a promising candidate for flexible displays.
P‐12.8: A Vertical Alignment Technology of Proessing ZnO Sputtered with Ozone Applied on Liquid Crystal on Silicon Display Devices
Authors: Zhao Xianyu , Long Zhen , Sun Ren , Li Qing
Published: August 2023

The vertical alignment technology by processing sputtered ZnO film for LCD with ozone is proposed in this paper. The prepared ZnO thin films were treated with ozone in the ultraviolet cleaning machine through polarizer. The wettability of the treated ZnO films switched to hydrophobicity, reaching a contact angle of 92Â°. With the prepared ZnO film as the alignment layer in the transmissive LCD cell, the vertical alignment (VA) can be realized. The results demonstrated that the test cells not only possessed the photo‐electronic characteristics of traditional VA liquid crystal cells but also had a smaller threshold voltage of 1.95V. In addition, the ZnO films are applied into character display successfully since the VA test cell has a high contrast ratio.
P‐12.9: Self‐powered Large Aperture Liquid Crystal Lens for Light Field Imaging Based on Fur Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Chen Wandi , Kang Jiaxin , Peng YuYan , Zhang Jiazhen , Zhang Yongai , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang , Zhou Xiongtu , Wu Chaoxing
Published: August 2023

Liquid crystal (LC) is an intermediate state compound between liquid and crystal, which has the anisotropy of crystal molecules while having the fluidity of liquid. It is a cutting‐edge technology in optoelectronics. LC lens is an electrically controlled focusable gradient refractive index lens. In light field displays, LC lenses with diameters in the millimetre range can cover more areas. Therefore, we propose a large aperture (LA) liquid crystal (LC) lens with an electrically controlled focal length of 4 mm in diameter. LC lenses with large apertures require large voltages and there are certain safety issues and equipment requirements. We have therefore utilised a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that can harvest energy from the environment and convert it into usable electrical energy. TENG has the advantages of being small and portable and enables the use of renewable energy. In this paper, we propose a new type of feather TENG (F‐TENG) with a positive friction electrode of feathers and a negative electrode of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mixed with graphene, which enables the use of F‐TENG to power LC lens systems, thus providing a new application idea for the display field.
P‐12.11: Novel, Liquid Crystal for High Performance Projector Application without Adjustment of Gamma Code, Optical and Reliability Evaluation
Authors: Tao Bocheng , Hu Huimei
Published: August 2023

In this article, Novel n‐FFS liquid crystal material from Merck & JNC was used, a new type of liquid crystal JNC‐T40 with higher temperature operation with no blackening is published. The new type of liquid crystal JNC‐T40 without change the driving voltage of the original liquid crystal MLC under the condition of saving 6% compared with the current MLC. It has the similar performance in optical and reliability tests. The gamma curve from MLC 2.4 shift to JNC‐T40 2.2 shows high liquid crystal efficiency, which is significant for material saving.
P‐14.1: The Effect of Substrate Hydrophobic and Post‐processing on the Inkjet Printing Perovskite Microarrays
Authors: Zhu Mingchao , Lan Xi , Lin Zhenwei , Tian Mengyao , Li Guijun
Published: August 2023

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have excellent optical properties such as good color purity, high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and low manufacturing cost. Inkjet printing （IJP） is a powerful technique to achieve high‐density pixelated perovskite microarrays. During the IJP process, the substrate hydrophobic and the post‐processing conditions have a great impact on the morphological and optical properties of the microarrays. In this work, we study the effect of substrate hydrophobicity as well as the post‐processing conditions on the IJP perovskite microarrays, and successfully prepare perovskite microarrays with 4 μ m of thickness and good morphology. The microarrays with 45μm diameter exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 41%.
Advancement of Engineered Bacteria for Orally Delivered Therapeutics
Authors: Guo Peilin , Wang Shuang , Yue Hua , Zhang Xiao , Ma Guanghui , Li Xin , Wei Wei
Published: August 2023

The use of bacteria and their biotic components as therapeutics has shown great potential in the treatment of diseases. Orally delivered bacteria improve patient compliance compared with injection‐administered bacteria and are considered the preferred mode. However, due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, the viability and therapeutic efficacy of orally delivered bacteria are significantly reduced in vivo. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology, bacteria and biotic components have been engineered to achieve directed genetic reprogramming for construction and precise spatiotemporal control in the gastrointestinal tract, which can improve viability and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a state‐of‐the‐art review on the current progress of engineered bacterial systems for oral delivery is provided. The different types of bacterial and biotic components for oral administration are first summarized. The engineering strategies of these bacteria and biotic components and their treatment of diseases are next systematically summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of these bacterial therapeutics are highlighted that will contribute to the development of next‐generation orally delivered bacteriotherapy.
A sensitive, precise, accurate, and economic planar chromatographic method developed and validated for quantification of Desidustat as per guideline
Authors: Pandya Rutvik , Kachhiya Heta M. , Solanki Dhaval , Tandel Jinal , Chhalotiya Usmangani , Shah Dimal
Published: August 2023

Anemia with chronic kidney disease treating newer hope is recently approved Desidustat. By following International Conference on Harmonization Quality guideline Q2 (R1), an economic high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method has been developed for the estimation of Desidustat. Pre‐coated silica gel 60 F254 plates as stationary phase along with mobile phase toluene:methanol:glacial acetic acid (7.5:2.5:0.3 v/v/v), and 230 nm detection wavelength was selected as optimized. Developed method was found linear in quantity per band range of 100 ng/band to 600 ng/band for Desidustat with 0.9979 regression coefficient. Standard spiking method showed method accuracy with a mean percentage recovery of 99.21%–101.63%. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 3.94 and 11.94 ng/band, respectively. The method was found to be linear, precise, accurate, robust, rugged, selective, sensitive, and specific for the quantification of Desidustat in bulk and tablet dosage form and successfully can be applied for the qualitative and quantitative determination of Desidustat in bulk and marketed tablet formulation.
Fate of herbicides in cropped lysimeters: 2. Leaching of four maize herbicides considering different processes
Authors: Imig Anne , Augustin Lea , Groh Jannis , Pütz Thomas , Elsner Martin , Einsiedl Florian , Rein Arno
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the contamination potential of herbicides to groundwater with the help of numerical modeling (HYDRUS‐1D) and stable carbon isotopes for characterizing biodegradation. Four herbicides, metolachlor, terbuthylazine, prosulfuron, and nicosulfuron, were applied over a period of 4.5 years on two lysimeters located in Wielenbach, Germany, and monitored by lysimeter drainage. These lysimeters contained soil cores dominated by sandy gravel (Ly1) and clayey sandy silt (Ly2) and were both cropped with maize (Zea mays). In the preceding study, we characterized flow within the lysimeters by using stable water isotopes and unsaturated flow models. Building up on these findings, models were extended for describing reactive transport of the herbicides and investigating process contributions. At the end of the experiment, 0.9%–15.9% of the applied herbicides (up to 20.9% if including metabolites) were recovered by lysimeter drainage. Metabolite formation and accumulation was observed, and biodegradation was also indicated by small changes in carbon isotope signals (δ13C) between applied and leached herbicides. Model setups could describe the dynamics of herbicide concentrations in lysimeter drainage well. Concentration peaks in drainage were partly also linked with strong precipitation events, indicating preferential flow influence. The soil core with the coarser texture (Ly1) showed less herbicide leaching than the finer texture (Ly2), which can be explained by a larger mobile phase in Ly1. Overall, our approaches and findings contribute to the understanding of multi‐process herbicide transport in the vadose zone and leaching potentials to groundwater, where δ13C can provide valuable hints for microbial degradation.
Introduction: Within, Between, Beyond—A Multi-dimensional Approach to the Study of Professionalism and Social Change
Authors: Bellini Andrea , Maestripieri Lara
Published: August 2023

Over the last fifty years, professions have been subject to a radical transformation triggered by large-scale processes of change such as the post-industrial transition, globalisation, and digitalisation. In this changing context, knowledge has become a strategic factor in production, and those who have control over it now play an increasingly important role. Accordingly, the number of people that define themselves as “professionals” has grown at a steady pace. However, they have undergone processes of differentiation that have led to increasing heterogeneity. This introductory chapter addresses the above issues by introducing an analytical framework that identifies three dimensions along which this differentiation may be developed—within, between, and beyond (WBB)—also referred to as the WBB model. Each dimension focuses on a specific set of phenomena either occurring inside a profession, across professional groups, or regarding professionals’ relationship with society at large. Combined, the three dimensions provide a detailed picture of the changes that are taking place worldwide in the field of professions. After defining the fundamental concepts used and highlighting the impact of the above processes of change on professionalism, the chapter gives operative definitions of the three dimensions and then provides an outline of the chapters collected in the book.
Determinants in self-dual $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM and twistor space
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Coronado Frank , Mühlmann Beatrix
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We consider correlation functions of supersymmetrized determinant operators in self-dual super Yang-Mills (SYM). These provide a generating function for correlators of arbitrary single-trace half-BPS operators, including, for appropriate Grassmann components, the so-called loop integrand of the non-self-dual theory. We introduce a novel twistor space representation for determinant operators which makes contact with the recently studied m = 2 amplituhedron. By using matrix duality we rewrite the n-point determinant correlator as a n × n matrix integral where the gauge group rank Nc is turned into a coupling. The correlators are rational functions whose denominators, in the planar limit, contain only ten-dimensional distances. Using this formulation, we verify a recent conjecture regarding the ten-dimensional symmetry of the components with maximal Grassmann degree and we obtain new formulas for correlators of Grassmann degree four.
The Veneziano amplitude in AdS5×S3 from an 8-dimensional effective action
Authors: Glew R. , Santagata M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We study four-point functions of arbitrary half-BPS operators in a 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT with flavour group SO(8) at genus-zero and strong ’t Hooft coupling, corresponding — via AdS/CFT — to the (α′ expansion of the) Veneziano amplitude on an AdS5×S3 background. We adapt a procedure first proposed by Abl, Heslop and Lipstein in the context of AdS5×S5, and postulate the existence of an effective action in terms of an 8-dimensional scalar field valued in the adjoint of the flavour group. The various Kaluza-Klein correlators can then be computed by uplifting the standard AdS/CFT prescription to the full product geometry with AdS bulk-to-boundary propagators and Witten diagrams replaced by suitable AdS5×S3 versions. After elucidating the main features of the procedure, valid at all orders in α′, we show explicit results up to order α′5. The results provide further evidence of a novel relation between AdS×S and flat amplitudes — which made its first appearance in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM — that is perhaps the most natural extension of the well known flat-space limit proposed by Penedones to cases where AdS and S have the same radius.
Multipoint lightcone bootstrap from differential equations
Authors: Kaviraj Apratim , Mann Jeremy A. , Quintavalle Lorenzo , Schomerus Volker
Published: August 2023

Abstract

One of the most striking successes of the lightcone bootstrap has been the perturbative computation of the anomalous dimensions and OPE coefficients of double-twist operators with large spin. It is expected that similar results for multiple-twist families can be obtained by extending the lightcone bootstrap to multipoint correlators. However, very little was known about multipoint lightcone blocks until now, in particular for OPE channels of comb topology. Here, we develop a systematic theory of lightcone blocks for arbitrary OPE channels based on the analysis of Casimir and vertex differential equations. Most of the novel technology is developed in the context of five- and six-point functions. Equipped with new expressions for lightcone blocks, we analyze crossing symmetry equations and compute OPE coefficients involving two double-twist operators that were not known before. In particular, for the first time, we are able to resolve a discrete dependence on tensor structures at large spin. The computation of anomalous dimensions for triple-twist families from six-point crossing equations will be addressed in a sequel to this work.
Study of gapped phases of 4d gauge theories using temporal gauging of the ℤN 1-form symmetry
Authors: Nguyen Mendel , Tanizaki Yuya , Ünsal Mithat
Published: August 2023

Abstract

To study gapped phases of 4d gauge theories, we introduce the temporal gauging of ℤN 1-form symmetry in 4d quantum field theories (QFTs), thereby defining effective 3d QFTs with $$ \overset{\sim }{\mathbb{Z}} $$

ℤ
~

N × ℤN 1-form symmetry. In this way, spatial fundamental Wilson and ’t Hooft loops are simultaneously genuine line operators. Assuming a mass gap and Lorentz invariant vacuum of the 4d QFT, the $$ \overset{\sim }{\mathbb{Z}} $$

ℤ
~

N × ℤN symmetry must be spontaneously broken to an order-N subgroup H, and we can classify the 4d gapped phases by specifying H. This establishes the 1-to-1 correspondence between the two classification schemes for gapped phases of 4d gauge theories: one is the conventional Wilson-’t Hooft classification, and the other is the modern classification using the spontaneous breaking of 4d 1-form symmetry enriched with symmetry-protected topological states.