bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Alternative Polymer Material to PVDF Binder and Carbon Additive in Li‐Ion Battery Positive Electrode
Authors: Nugraha Ivone Marselina , Olchowka Jacob , Brochon Cyril , Flahaut Delphine , Bousquet Mélanie , Cabannes‐Boue Benjamin , Bianchini Nuernberg Rafael , Cloutet Éric , Croguennec Laurence
Published: October 2024

Li‐ion battery performance relies fundamentally on modulation at the microstructure and interface levels of the composite electrodes. Correspondingly, the binder is a crucial component for mechanical integrity of the electrode, serving to interconnect the active material and conductive additive and to firmly attach this composite to the current collector. However, the commonly used poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) binder presents several limitations, including the use of toxic solvent during processing, a low electrical conductivity which for compensation requires the addition of carbon black, and weak interactions with active materials and collectors. This study investigates Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly[(4‐styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide] (PEDOT:PSSTFSI) as an alternative binder and conductive additive, in replacement of both PVDF and carbon black, in Li‐ion batteries with LiFe0.4Mn0.6PO4 at the positive electrode. Complex PEDOT:PSSTFSI significantly improves the electronic conductivity and lithium diffusion coefficient within the electrode, in comparison to standard PVDF binder and carbon black. This enhances significantly the electrochemical performance at high C‐rates and for high active mass loading electrodes. Furthermore, an excellent long‐range cyclability is achieved.
A‐Site Defect Engineering Regulates Bimetallic Exsolution in Perovskite Oxide Boosting the Performance of Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Hou Hongwei , Han Mei , Wang Bo , Cong Yingge , Huang Keke , Hou Xiangyan , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Beining , Feng Shouhua
Published: October 2024

The application life of Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries can be significantly affected by the formation and full decomposition of the discharge product Li2O2. After exsolution, the catalyst is designed to control the morphology and crystallinity of Li2O2 enhanced reversibility. In the perovskite exsolution system, the large amount of A‐site defects are introduced to induce the activation of lattice oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancy, and promote the bimetallic exsolution from LaxFe0.8Cu0.1Co0.1O3. When x = 0.70, the distribution density of CuCo alloy and Cu metal increases and the size is smaller. Through exsolution process, the resulting oxygen vacancy and more doped ions exsolved expose a significant number of active sites that enhance the charge transfer and catalytic activity. Therefore, the charge resistance (Rct) smaller and can be better decomposed due to the generated small‐size Li2O2 with nano‐sheet morphology. Meanwhile, theoretical calculation shows that the exsolution of the catalyst enhances the adsorption of the intermediate LiO2 that makes the surface mechanism more advantageous. The reversibility of the battery is improved, and the cycle stability reaches 195 cycles. This work can serve as a guide for the development of exsolution that directs the design of high efficiency cathode catalyst.
Interrogating the Role of Stack Pressure in Transport‐Reaction Interaction in the Solid‐State Battery Cathode
Authors: Naik Kaustubh G. , Jangid Manoj K. , Vishnugopi Bairav S. , Dasgupta Neil P. , Mukherjee Partha P.
Published: October 2024

As solid‐state batteries (SSBs) emerge as leading contenders for next‐generation energy storage, chemo‐mechanical challenges and instabilities at solid‐solid interfaces remain a critical bottleneck. Ensuring sufficient interfacial contact within composite cathode architectures often requires the application of high stack pressures, posing a significant hurdle in the development of viable, large‐scale SSBs. In this work, the impact of stack pressure is investigated on the performance of solid‐state composite cathodes comprised of single‐crystal LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (SC‐NMC532) active material particles and a Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte phase. By unraveling the complex interplay between stack pressure and microstructure‐dependent mechanisms, the profound influence on interfacial resistances, cathode utilization dynamics, current constriction effects, and lithiation heterogeneities are revealed. Through a comprehensive examination of coupled reaction kinetics and transport interactions at the electrode and particle length scales, the implications of stack pressure at different C‐rates and microstructural arrangements are elucidated, thereby delineating the limiting mechanisms that are prevalent at low stack pressures. This work underscores the critical role of optimizing the cathode microstructure to mitigate the chemo‐mechanical challenges associated with SSB operation at low stack pressures, offering valuable insights and design guidelines for the development of high‐performance SSBs.
Tuning the Solvation Structure of a Weakly Solvating Cyclic Ether Electrolyte for Wide‐Temperature Cycling of Lithium‐Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Batteries
Authors: Liao Kameron , Pai Min‐Hao , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: October 2024

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes in high energy‐density Li‐metal batteries have garnered widespread interest owing to their good cycling stability and moderately high capacities. However, their application is hindered by the low prevalence of advanced electrolytes that can simultaneously mitigate polysulfide generation at the cathode and stabilize the Li‐metal anode. Here, a weakly solvating electrolyte is presented, employing a single solvent tetrahydropyran (THP). The solvation structure is effectively tuned by adjusting the salt concentration to stabilize both the Li‐metal anode and SPAN cathode. This approach enables stable cycling with high SPAN loadings (≈5 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte contents (≈5 µL mgSPAN−1) across a wide temperature range: 0 °C, room temperature, and 50 °C. A pouch cell with a high SPAN loading and a low electrolyte‐to‐SPAN (E/SPAN) ratio of 3 µL mg−1 shows a stable 79.1% capacity retention after 40 cycles. Additionally, THP can be effectively employed in localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) systems to reduce the diluent‐to‐solvent ratio for greater LHCE viability. The study demonstrates the potential of weakly solvating solvents in Li‐SPAN batteries, offering a pathway for their practical application.
Improved Production Process Map and Safety of Millet‐Based Fermented Beverage
Authors: Mensah Eric Owusu , Asare Emmanuel Boakye
Published: October 2024

The present study aimed to develop a standardized process map to produce a microbiologically safe and consumer‐acceptable Brukina beverage. Field interactions and observations were employed for the baseline data, while an improved production process was developed and utilized to produce a Brukina beverage. The microbial safety of the new approach was assessed by determining the total coliform, yeast and mold, as well as Staphylococcus aureus. A consumer preference test was conducted to validate the contribution of the improved and hygienic steps to the overall acceptability. The existing production processes for manufacturing Brukina beverage did not embrace Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and as such, the resultant beverage was contaminated with coliforms and S. aureus. Moreover, the sensory characteristics including taste, mouthfeel, viscosity and overall acceptability, were negatively affected. The inclusion of food safety management practices and efficient production steps has a greater tendency of producing microbiologically safe and market‐acceptable fermented millet‐based beverages while safeguarding consumers’ health and satisfaction.
Estimating the impact of the proposed Lead and Copper Rule Improvements
Authors: Samson Carleigh C. , Masters Sheldon V. , Mathews Christian Ley , Seidel Chad J.
Published: October 2024

Lead in drinking water can lead to serious health effects, including neurodevelopmental issues and heart disease. In December 2023, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI), which lower the Lead and Copper Rule's (LCR's) lead action level (AL) from 15 parts per billion (ppb) to 10 ppb and require both first‐ and fifth‐liter sampling and 90th percentile compliance calculations based on the highest lead levels at sites with lead service lines. A methodology for estimating the likelihood a system will have an AL exceedance (ALE) under the LCRI was developed using Michigan LCR compliance data and applied to national LCR compliance data. Findings were compared to EPA's estimates, indicating EPA may have underestimated the percent of smaller systems (serving 3300) with ALEs and overestimated the percent of larger systems (serving > 10,000), thus underestimating costs and overestimating the benefits of this rulemaking.
The Investigation of the Effect of La3+, Eu3+, and Sm3+ Ions on Photoluminescence and Piezoelectric Behavior of RE1.90Y0.10Zr2O7 (RE: Eu, Sm and Y: La, Sm, Eu) Pyrochlore‐Based Multifunctional Smart Advanced Materials
Authors: Öztürk Esra , Kalaycioglu Ozpozan Nilgun , Kalem Volkan
Published: October 2024

A series of compounds with the general formula RE1.90Y0.10Zr2O7 (where RE includes Eu, Sm and Y includes La, Sm, Eu) were synthesized using a solid‐state reaction method. These compounds were analyzed through differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, their dielectric constant, loss tangent, piezoelectric charge constant, and Curie temperature were measured using an LCR meter, d33 meter, and TG/DTA. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that all samples crystallize in a cubic pyrochlore structure. Photoluminescence studies revealed that Eu3+ ions predominantly contribute to the emission, whether as activators or co‐activators. Among the phosphors, Eu1.90La0.10Zr2O7 exhibited a significantly longer afterglow compared to Sm1.90Eu0.10Zr2O7 and Eu1.90Sm0.10Zr2O7. Conversely, Sm1.90Eu0.10Zr2O7 demonstrated luminescence intensity that was 20 times greater than that of Eu1.90La0.10Zr2O7 and Eu1.90Sm0.10Zr2O7. Furthermore, all samples with characteristic Eu3+ emissions also exhibited piezoelectric properties. Curie temperature (Tc) of Eu1.90La0.10Zr2O7, Sm1.90Eu0.10Zr2O7, and Eu1.90Sm0.10Zr2O7 are 770°C, 830°C, and 845°C, respectively. Therefore, Sm3+ ion improves piezoelectric properties and Curie temperature when doping into the Eu2Zr2O7 host crystal.
Social anxiety in culturally diverse young people: An insight into lived experiences
Authors: Zegrean Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Objectives

There is little research exploring the subthreshold social anxiety (SSA) in culturally diverse young people. This study addresses this gap and provides an insight into the vivid world of this ‘hidden’ population.

Design

Four participants from England were interviewed using semi‐structured interviews. Four superordinate themes and their corresponding subordinate themes emerged from the transcripts: Excessive self‐consciousness—The inner critic and Feeling judged by others; Influences of social and cultural norms—The impact of dress‐code rules and The pressure of high expectations; Embracing a false reality—Patterns of avoidance and The public self; and Coping strategies—Breaking the wall of cultural norms, Pushing the bubble out and Know that you are not alone. Due to the vastness of the data, this study presents only the first two superordinate themes and their corresponding subordinate themes.

Methods

The author chose interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). This allowed the participants to describe thoroughly their lived experiences and enabled the researcher to adopt a scientific approach.

Results

The results revealed that the socio‐cultural background of this population played a pivotal role in the prevalence and expression of SSA.

Conclusions

The participants' experiences were significantly influenced by the social and cultural norms of their country of origin as well as the characteristics of modern society in England. The predominant factors were the pressure of high expectations from family and society, transgenerational trauma, socio‐cultural norms, uncertainty about the future and lack of opportunities to secure employment. Future research could examine the socio‐cultural influences shaping contemporary British society and their impact on youth's mental health.
Is the enthusiasm for Drug‐Coated balloon technology justified?
Authors: Basavarajaiah Sandeep , Bhatia Gurbir , Cortese Bernardo , Khialani Bharat
Published: October 2024

Key points

The usage of drug coated balloon (DCB) is escalating globally, but the data mainly exists for certain lesion and patient subsets; in‐stent restenosis, small vessel disease, high bleeding risk patients and bifurcation lesions.

As of now there is lack of data on the use of DCB in large vessels and we are sceptical whether we can prove superiority over current generation DES especially in large vessels, but we eagerly look forward to the results of upcoming randomized control trials (Selution de novo and Transform II)

The DCB believers and experienced operators have the responsibility to nurture and look after this relatively novel technology so that its future use and reproducibility of the results are consistent across the globe. To facilitate this, we have to abide by the current evidence and work toward generating new evidence to support and carry the technology forward.
Clots and bleeds: the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in hemophilia patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Achkar Michel Al , Khattar Georges , Asmar Samer , El Khoury Michel , Saliba Fares , Aoun Laurence , Saidi Ibrahim Al , Araji Ghada , Khan Salman , Sanayeh Elie Bou , Weinberg Mitchell , Bershadskiy Alexander
Published: October 2024

Background

Hemophilia is a disease characterized by a high risk of bleeding. With advances in treatment, life expectancy and aging‐associated diseases such as coronary artery disease have increased. Our primary objective is to assess for major adverse outcomes, mortality, and length of hospital stay in individuals with hemophilia presenting for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

Our retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) for 2018 to investigate the outcomes of ACS management with PCI in adults with and without hemophilia. We used ICD‐10 codes to exclude patients with significant comorbidities and identify those with ACS undergoing PCI. Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression were employed to account for over 20 baseline characteristics, mitigating confounding factors.

Results

The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (11.0% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001), hemorrhagic stroke (10.0% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.001), and retroperitoneal hemorrhage (5.6% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in individuals with hemophilia undergoing PCI compared to those without hemophilia. Additionally, venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence was notably higher in the hemophilia cohort (6.6% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.027). The hemophilia cohort also experienced a higher mortality rate (7.1% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.037) and longer hospital stays.

Conclusion

Patients with hemophilia undergoing PCI are at a significantly greater risk of adverse events, increased mortality, and longer hospital stays than the general population. To mitigate the risk of unfavorable outcomes, it is crucial to ensure adequate replenishment of coagulation factors and establish close collaboration between cardiologists and hematologists.
Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma as a differential diagnosis for localized abdominal swelling in chronic liver disease: A rare case report
Authors: Devkota Shritik , Lamichhane Samiksha , Baghi Saurabh , K.C. Suraj , Bhola Harsha
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma is a rare complication in chronic liver disease patients. Early clinical suspicion with prompt radiological evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely management.

Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma can present as an acute abdomen in the emergency department. The rupture of the upper and lower epigastric arteries and their branches is the main cause of hematoma formation. Hepatic dysfunction can affect the clotting process, increasing the risk of hematoma development. Computed tomography is the preferred diagnostic tool. Most hematomas can be managed conservatively, with only a few requiring minimal intervention or surgical management. We report an uncommon instance of spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma in a patient with chronic liver disease presenting with painful abdominal distention, mimicking a hernia and initially posing a diagnostic challenge. The rectus sheath hematoma was definitively diagnosed through clinical and radiological evaluation and subsequently evacuated with successful outcomes.
Retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma presenting as left flank pain and moderate unilateral hydronephrosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Karamat Riyan Imtiaz , Singh Ajeet , Anwaar Adeel , Malik Zaka Ullah , Hashmi Javaid , Haseeb Muhammad Talha , Akilimali Aymar
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Benign ancient retroperitoneal schwannomas (BARS) exhibit abdominal masses and flank pain to incidental findings at more advanced stages. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis is essential for confirmation of benign nature. Our patient was misdiagnosed as ureteric colic, highlighting the need to consider BARS in differential diagnosis to prevent complications like hydronephrosis.

Ancient schwannomas are usually benign neoplasms that originate from Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. We present a novel case of a 24‐year‐old young male with left flank pain and nausea which was initially thought to be left ureteric colic. However, in‐depth imaging and biopsy revealed a retroperitoneal mass. The definitive diagnosis was narrowed down to Benign Retroperitoneal Ancient Schwannoma (BARS) via immunohistochemistry and histopathological analysis. This often marble‐shaped S100 protein‐positive tumor is an under‐recognized and potential cause of hydronephrosis if localized near the renal structures. In addition, the retroperitoneal location with infrarenal abdominal aortic adherence is another rare peculiarity in the present case that demands prompt diagnosis and surgical excision to avoid any cardiovascular sequelae such as hypotension and abdominal pain, as indicated by the natural history of growth of this benign tumor. Therefore, timely excision of this benign tumor prior to its further proliferation is paramount. We initially planned laparoscopic removal but adopted excision via laparotomy because of the proximity of the vital structures. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful and subsequently the patient's presenting complaint of left abdominal flank pain greatly improved. The patient was advised to undergo follow‐up computed tomography scan of kidney ureter bladder and RFT evaluation 6 months postsurgery which indicated no evidence of recurrence or iatrogenic complications. The diagnosis and management of the present case share valuable experiences for similar future cases worldwide.
Electrohydrogenation of Unsaturated Bonds Catalyzed by Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes
Authors: Hua Ying , Bi Huihua , Liu Jie
Published: October 2024

Catalytic hydrogenation is one of the most important transformations in both academia and industry. Compared with direct hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen or transfer hydrogenations with hydrides, electrohydrogenation provides an alternative and practical pathway using proton as the hydrogen source. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances in electrohydrogenations of polar and non‐polar unsaturated compounds catalyzed by earth‐aubundant metal complexes. In addition, we also present a detailed discussion of the scope and limitations, plausible mechanisms and the opportunities for further development.
Manipulation of Supramolecular Chirality in Bicontinuous Networks of Bent‐Shaped Polycatenar Dimers
Authors: Cao Yu , Zhao Yangyang , Tan Tianyi , Liu Feng , Alaasar Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline (LC) phases are of particular interest due their possible applications in electronic devices and special supramolecular chirality. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of first examples of achiral bent‐shaped polycatenar dimers, capable of displaying mirror symmetry breaking in their cubic and isotropic liquid phases. The molecules have a taper‐shaped 3,4,5‐trialkoxybenzoate segment connected to rod‐like building unit terminated with one terminal flexible chain. The two segments were connected using an aliphatic spacer with seven methylene units to induce bending of the whole structure. Investigated by the small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), a double network achiral cubic phase Cub/Ia
d, which is a meso‐structure, and a chiral triple network cubic phase Cub/I23[*] are formed. The molecules self‐assemble into molecular helices and progress along the networks. Interestingly, different linking groups such as ester or azo linkages and core fluorination lead to distinct local helicity, resulting in an alkyl chain volume dependent phase transition sequence Ia
d(L) ‐ I23* ‐ Ia
d(S). The re‐entry of Ia
d phase and loss of supramolecular chirality is attributed to the delicate influence of steric effect at the mono‐substitute end and interhelix interaction. Besides, aromatic core fluorination was proved to be a successful tool stabilizing the cubic phases in these dimers.
Potassium sulphate production from an aqueous sodium sulphate from lead‐acid battery recycling: Impact of feedstock impurities on products yields
Authors: Zorzor Barialo , Fabrik Michael , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for renewable energy highlights the need for efficient energy storage solutions. Despite various available technologies, lead‐acid batteries remain preferred for many industrial applications due to their inherent advantages. However, their expanded use necessitates proper waste management and recycling practices. During lead‐acid battery recycling, Na₂SO₄ is generated as a waste product, which cannot be directly sold due to quality concerns and limited market demand. Consequently, advanced waste management techniques are required to comply with government regulations on industrial waste disposal. Despite these challenges, Na2SO4 serves as a vital precursor for producing K2SO4, a valuable fertilizer. Prior research on the glaserite process for converting Na2SO4 to K2SO4 has assumed Na2SO4 to be pure—without traces of impurities. However, Na2SO4 recovered from battery recycling contains various contaminants. To address this, HSC Chemistry software was used to model K2SO4 and NaCl production from impure Na2SO4 and KCl, considering feed impurities. Under ideal conditions—a 1 bar pressure, 25°C feed temperature, and 40°C reactor temperature—over 90% yield of K2SO4 and NaCl was achieved in the absence of impurities. However, the addition of impurities resulted in a reduction in yields. Notably, impurity levels ranging from 1% to 4% by weight still allowed for yields exceeding 90%. Furthermore, a review of reactor compositions revealed a significant depletion of potassium and chlorine ions which are crucial for K2SO4 and NaCl production as impurity levels varied from 0% to 10%. These findings emphasize the negative impact of impurities on K2SO4 and NaCl yields.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery in the Recent 10 Years: Clinical Analysis of 6229 Patients
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Yi , Zhang Jian‐Liang , Xi Lei , Guo Zhi‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Cheng , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Yang Qin , He Guo‐Wei
Published: October 2024

Background

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) that prolongs hospitalization and increases expenses.

Hypothesis

Perioperative risk factors may predict POAF.

Methods

From March 2015 to January 2023, 6229 patients who underwent isolated CABG and were in sinus rhythm before CABG were included in this retrospective study. The preoperative and postoperative variants of patients were collected and analyzed by univariate analyses between the patients with and without POAF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to study the independent risk factors for POAF.

Results

The incidence of POAF in this group of patients was 30.94%. Univariate analyses demonstrated that age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.05), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (p < 0.01), and ejection fraction (EF, p < 0.01) were the risk factors for POAF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the independent risk factors associated with POAF were old age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.062, p = 0.000) and low EF (OR = 0.980; p = 0.008).

Conclusions

In the current era, after isolated CABG surgery, there is still a quite high incidence of POAF (30.94% in this group of CABG patients). The main risk factors correlating to POAF include age, hypertension, smoking, CPB time, and EF. Among these factors, multivariate analysis identified old age and low EF as the independent risk factors associated with POAF. Particular care should be taken in the perioperative period for these patients in the prevention of POAF.
New Ceramic Material Y2‐xVxO3+x – Mechanochemical Synthesis and Some Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Piz Mateusz , Filipek Elżbieta , Kwiatkowski Kamil , Dulian Piotr , Bąk Wojciech , Wróbel Rafał J.
Published: October 2024

Potential applications of known compounds from the V2O‐Y2O3 system, i. e. YVO4, Y8V2O17 and Y10V2O20, were the inspiration to undertake research, the main goal of which was to determine whether unknown phases of the solid solution type are formed in this system. Solid solutions are still sought‐after phases because their properties depend on their chemical composition. In this work it was experimentally demonstrated that a new substitute solid solution with the formula Y2‐xVxO3+x (0.00<×<0.60) is formed from mixtures of V2O5 with Y2O3 as a result of mechanochemical synthesis. Its properties were examined by using, i.a. XRD (X‐ray diffraction) and UV‐Vis‐DRS (ultraviolet‐visible light spectroscopy with diffusion reflectance) methods. It was found among other things, that it crystallizes in a regular system, exhibits a Y2O3 structure and is thermally stable up to at least 800 °C (for x=0.40). Moreover, the estimated value of the band gap width indicated that the solid solution Y2‐xVxO3+x belongs to the class of semiconductors. The study of dielectric properties of new phase was performed by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The obtained measurement data showed the presence of relaxation type dielectric mechanisms. The thermally activation energies of the relaxation processes related to the electric conductivity were calculated.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound‐Based Radiomics for the Prediction of Axillary Lymph Nodes Status in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lun Haimei , Huang Mohan , Zhao Yihong , Huang Jingyu , Li Lingling , Cheng HoiYing , Leung Yiki , So HongWai , Wong YuenChun , Cheung ChakKwan , So ChiWang , Chan Lawrence Wing Chi , Hu Qiao
Published: October 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in the female population. Axillary lymph nodes (ALN) are a group of the most common metastatic sites of breast cancer. Timely assessment of ALN status is of paramount clinical importance for medical decision making.

Aims

To utilize contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)‐based radiomics models for noninvasive pretreatment prediction of ALN status.

Methods and Results

Clinical data and pretreatment CEUS images of primary breast tumors were retrospectively studied to build radiomics signatures for pretreatment prediction of nodal status between May 2015 and July 2021. The cases were divided into the training cohorts and test cohorts in a 9:1 ratio. The mRMR approach and stepwise forward logistic regression technique were used for feature selection, followed by the multivariate logistic regression technique for building radiomics signatures in the training cohort. The confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used for accessing the prediction efficacy of the radiomics models. The radiomics models, which consist of six features, achieved predictive accuracy with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.713 in the test set for predicting lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion

The CEUS‐based radiomics is promising to be developed as a reliable noninvasive tool for predicting ALN status.
Using Spectral Flow Cytometry to Characterize Anti‐Tumor Immunity in Orthotopic and Subcutaneous Mouse Models of Cancer
Authors: Valenzano Giampiero , Russell Shannon N. , Go Simei , O'Neill Eric , Jones Keaton I.
Published: October 2024

Mouse models remain at the forefront of immuno‐oncology research, providing invaluable insights into the complex interactions between the immune system and developing tumors. While several flow cytometry panels have been developed to study cancer immunity in mice, most are limited in their capacity to address the complexity of anti‐cancer immune responses. For example, many of the panels developed to date focus on a restricted number of leukocyte populations (T cells or antigen‐presenting cells), failing to include the multitude of other subsets that participate in anti‐cancer immunity. In addition, these panels were developed using blood or splenic leukocytes. While the immune composition of the blood or spleen can provide information on systemic immune responses to cancer, it is in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that local immunity takes place. Therefore, we optimized this spectral flow cytometry panel to identify the chief cell types that take part in cancer immunity using immune cells from cancer tissue. We used pancreatic tumors implanted both orthotopically and subcutaneously to demonstrate the panel's flexibility and suitability in diverse mouse models. The panel was also validated in peripheral immune districts (the blood, spleen, and liver of tumor‐bearing mice) to allow comparisons between local and systemic anti‐tumor immunity. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Tumor induction—Orthotopic

Alternate Protocol: Tumor induction—Subcutaneous

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of single‐cell suspensions from the tumor, spleen, liver, and blood of tumor‐bearing mice

Basic Protocol 3: Staining single‐cell suspensions from the tumor, spleen, liver, and blood of tumor‐bearing mice
Novel Binders for Aqueous Electrode Processing of Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Arnaiz María , Fernandez Marcial , Suty Antoine , Martin‐Fuentes Silvia , Carriazo Daniel , Bouvet‐Marchand Agathe , Villaverde Aitor , Morant‐Miñana Maria C.
Published: October 2024

This work studies the use of epoxy and polyurethane formulations as binders for the aqueous processing of activated carbon (AC) electrodes used as positive and negative electrodes in Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs). The use of amine and carbodiimide as crosslinkers is also evaluated. The mechanical properties of those different binders have been investigated, looking towards aqueous processable and flexible electrodes. Microstructural analysis of the fabricated AC electrodes has been carried out to understand the pore‐blocking effect exhibited by certain polymers. Furthermore, electrochemical characterization of all the systems has been performed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and constant current charge/discharge measurements at different current densities. The obtained results show that polyurethane (PU) outperforms in terms of energy and power density the carboxymethyl cellulose:styrene butadiene rubber (CMC : SBR) reference system. Moreover, the studied polyurethanes maintain close to 100 % of their initial capacitance after 2500 cycles under a current density of 5 A g−1 and a discharge time of 20 s.
Coaxially Bi/ZnO@ZnSe Array Photocathode Enables Highly Efficient CO2 to C1 Conversion via Long‐lived High‐energy Photoelectrons
Authors: Ma Guorui , Mu Haiqiang , Lv Zhenli , Guo Jiaxing , Zhu Min , Li Yonghong , Wang Xiaozhong , Li Jing , Li Feng
Published: October 2024

The key aspect of the photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (PEC CO2 RR) lies in designing cathode materials that can generate high‐energy photoelectrons, enabling the activation and conversion of CO2 into high‐value products. In this study, a coaxially wrapped ZnO@ZnSe array heterostructure was synthesized using a simple anion exchange strategy and metallic Bi nanoparticles (NPs) were subsequently deposited on the surface to construct a Bi/ZnO@ZnSe photocathode with high CO2 conversion capability. This array photocathode possesses a large aspect ratio, which simultaneously satisfies a low charge carrier migration path and a large specific surface area that facilitates mass transfer. Additionally, the barrier formed at the n‐n heterojunction interface hinders the transfer of high‐energy photoelectrons from ZnSe to lower energy levels, resulting in their rapid capture by Bi while maintaining a relatively long lifetime. These captured electrons act as active sites, efficiently converting CO2 into CO with a Faradaic efficiency above 88.9 % at −0.9 V vs. RHE and demonstrating superior stability. This work provides a novel approach for synthesizing high‐energy photoelectrode materials with long lifetimes.
UIO‐66‐NH2 as Photo‐Assisted Li‐O2 Battery Cathode for High‐Current Discharge
Authors: Yu Haohan , Liu Dapeng , Fu Zerui , Wang Shu , Zuo Xintao , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2024

Li‐O2 batteries (LOBs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to high theoretical specific capacity, however, the sluggish charge‐discharge reaction kinetics and rapid failure under high current densities have hindered their further application. This work presents a photo‐responsive catalyst (UIO‐66‐NH2) supported on carbon cloth, which could enhance the reaction kinetics of LOBs and improve the discharge capacity under high current densities. It demonstrates that under light, the overpotential decreases by 0.9 V, and the discharge capacity reaches an impressive 4.8 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. This finding is expected to inspire the development of various novel MOF‐based photoelectrodes for LOBs.
Power Quality Improvement Using a Novel Simplified Adaptive Control of Solar PV Integrated Shunt Active Power Filter
Authors: Ajit  , Agrawal Seema
Published: October 2024

Power quality improvement in grid‐tied solar photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the emergent current research trends. To address the power quality concern, shunt active power filters (SAPF) are widely deployed and researched in grid‐tied PV systems. This paper presents a simplified adaptive transversal (SAT)‐filter control scheme for the two‐stage PV‐SAPF system. The proposed control has the ability to improve different power quality indices. Also, it features faster operation under steady‐state and under dynamic conditions, better dc‐offset rejection ability due to estimation of the accurate fundamental component of the load current. To justify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, a thorough comparison is carried out with different conventional and adaptive control schemes. Simulations and extensive experimental analysis are carried out under severe transient conditions such as balanced‐unbalanced supply, sudden load, and irradiation change scenario.
CLILing and Multiliteracing with very young learners: The case of English language‐enriched programme in Greek preschool
Authors: Papadopoulos Isaak
Published: October 2024

This research paper investigates the effects of integrating multiliteracies in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programme on language development and content understanding among preschoolers in an urban city of Greece. The case study focuses on early literacy skills, spoken discourse and vocabulary. The research questions, which guided the study, aims to explore the impact of multiliteracies integration in the CLIL programme on early literacy skills and to understand how it influences spoken discourse, and vocabulary skills among preschoolers. A convenient sampling method was employed, and the study was conducted during the school year 2022–2023 in a preschool involving 40 preschoolers. The programme followed a structured process involving experience, conceptualization, critical thinking and real‐life application. Data collection methods included pre‐tests, post‐tests and classroom observations. The findings revealed the positive effects of integrating multiliteracies in the CLIL programme on their language skills. The preschoolers saw an observable enhancement in fluency, vocabulary usage and oral communication abilities. Observations highlighted increased language engagement, oral discourse production, interaction and collaboration, multimodal learning experiences, motivation and engagement and the development of critical thinking skills, emphasizing the effectiveness of the CLIL programme in fostering oral communication skills and creating an immersive educational environment.
Exploring the Meaning of Body Image in Culture and Promoting Equitable Research Partnerships
Authors: Chua Sook Ning , Lum Khay Xian , Teh Hui Ying , Austin S. Bryn
Published: October 2024

Consistent with past research that appearance plays an important role in gaining social and economic capital in many Asian countries, Monocello et al. report that young urban South Korean men who did not graduate from high‐prestige universities may find the pursuit of attractiveness and the ideal body more important than those who graduated from high‐prestige universities. It is possible that at least for some Asian men, disordered eating behaviors in response to appearance pressures are simply means to an end, and when success in important life domains is achieved, both appearance pressures and disordered eating behaviors may decrease. The growing number of studies from Asia highlight that there is still much to learn about the development and treatment of eating disorders. Even as the field of eating disorders encourages research from under‐represented countries, we must also intentionally develop equitable research partnerships and engage in practices that elevate the voices and perspectives of marginalized scholars.
Effects of extrusion process conditions on nutritional, anti‐nutritional, physical, functional, and sensory properties of extruded snack: A review
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Mohammed , Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus , Kuyu Chala G. , Ahmed Endris Hussen , Andersa Kumsa Negasa , Chane Kasech Tibebu , Regasa Tolina Kebede
Published: October 2024

Consumers' demand for ready‐to‐eat extruded snack is increasing due to their convenience and time saving. Extrusion cooking is the most commonly used technology for manufacturing ready‐to‐eat snack products. However, improper management of extrusion parameters such as the barrel temperature, feed moisture content, pressure, and other parameters of the extruder can influence the quality of extruded snack foods. This paper aimed to review the effects of extrusion process conditions on the quality of the extruded snack. According to this review, most of the nutritional composition and anti‐nutritional factors are sensitive to the extruder's high barrel temperature. High barrel temperature decreased the anti‐nutritional factors of the extrudates. Low feed moisture content and high barrel temperature minimize the bulk density and hardness while increasing the extruded snack's expansion ratio and water solubility index. In contrast, low barrel temperature increased the color and appearance of the extrudates while decreasing the flavor and overall acceptability of the extrudates. In general, this review indicated that extrusion processing parameters need to be optimized to deliver nutrient‐rich extruded snack with appropriate physical, functional, and sensory properties.
Interaction of PGC7 and HP1BP3 Maintains Meg3‐DMR Methylation by Regulating Chromatin Configuration
Authors: Liu Yingxiang , Hao Weijie , Huang Chenyang , Feng Peiwen , Liu Hongliang , Guo Zekun
Published: October 2024

Genomic imprinting is essential for mammalian development. PGC7, an important maternal factor, binds to dimethylated histone H3K9 (H3K9me2), maintaining DNA methylation in zygotes and stem cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PGC7‐maintained genomic imprinting in stem cells are not clear. Our previous study has identified that PGC7 interacts with HP1BP3, a novel member of the histone H1 family. In this study, we found that PGC7 interacts with the central globular domain of HP1BP3 through its C‐terminal tail and that HP1BP3 is responsible for the recruitment of PGC7 at the Meg3 differentially methylated region (DMR) in the Dlk1–Dio3 imprinted domain. HP1BP3 or PGC7 depletion decreases enrichment in the Meg3‐DMR, leading to DNA hypermethylation in this region. Moreover, the cooperative binding of PGC7 and HP1BP3 can antagonize the enrichment of DNMT3A in the Meg3‐DMR, and the depletion of HP1BP3 or PGC7 separately induces chromosome decondensation in this region. In summary, this is the first study demonstrating that PGC7 and HP1BP3 synergistically maintain the methylation status of the Meg3‐DMR by enabling a chromatin configuration that interferes with the binding of the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A.
Efficacy of Bile Acid Sequestrants in the Treatment of Bile Acid Diarrhea: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Soares Giulia Almiron R. , Godoi Amanda , Marcolin Patricia , Piredda Gabriel , Laia Estella , Rodrigues Airton Zogaib
Published: October 2024

Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) have often been used for bile acid diarrhea (BAD) but carry a high risk of adverse events. New generations of BASs show promising results; however, their efficacy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase to assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to November 2023 to retrieve studies that measured the parameters before and after the administration of BASs. The outcomes assessed were cessation or improvement in diarrhea, fecal consistency, abdominal cramping, frequency of diarrhea, and adverse events. Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random‐effects model. Statistical analyses were conducted using RStudio version 4.1.2. The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023445444). Seven RCTs with a total of 311 patients were included, of which 168 (54%) were randomized to BASs. Among BAS‐treated patients, 101 (60.1%) received colesevelam, 40 (23.8%) received chenodeoxycholate, 18 (10.7%) received cholestyramine, and 9 (5.3%) received colestid. BASs were associated with a significant improvement in the cessation of diarrhea (RR 3.27; 95% CI 2.08 to 5.15; P ≤  .05) and liquid stool to normal fecal consistency (RR 2.69; 95% CI 1.56 to 4.65; P ≤  .05), as well as an increase in abdominal cramps (RR 5.27; 95% CI 1.21 to 22.93; P ≤  .05). There were no differences in urgency, adverse events, or nausea between groups. These findings indicate that BASs are effective in the treatment of BAD, as indicated by the improvement or cessation of diarrhea episodes.
“Psychoanalysts are always at the same time doctors and patients and can be cured as doctors.” An analysis of Karl Kraus's antipsychoanalytic aphorisms (1905–1930)
Authors: Millán Juan David , Salas Gonzalo , Marsico Giuseppina
Published: October 2024

Karl Kraus was one of the most important and influential personalities in Vienna at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century; he was the founder and life director of the magazine Die Fackel, famous for leading important debates with writers, poets, journalists, and psychoanalysts. At the beginning of the 20th century, Freud wanted to win Kraus's sympathy because he believed that having him on his side was essential for psychoanalysis to penetrate the artistic and cultural circle of Vienna. As will be shown in this article, the alliance between the two was never consummated and, on the contrary, they became antagonists, with Ernst Jones naming Kraus “Freud's greatest enemy.” In this paper, mentions of Freud and psychoanalysis in Die Fackel between 1905 and 1930 were identified and subsequently, 26 aphorisms written by Kraus through the post‐structural linguistic approach were analyzed. A sample from the digital collection AAC‐FACKEL of the Austrian Academy Corpus was used. Early writings reveal that Kraus came to regard psychoanalysis as an ally in his struggle against Austrian sexual morality, yet he was always wary of its invasion of the intimate lives of individuals. Kraus criticized Freud's explanation of female hysteria and instead considered that the root of female suffering was due to their inability to give themselves individuality. It can be concluded that although Kraus was a severe critic of psychoanalysis, at many times he viewed some of its postulates with sympathy, to the point that he considered his aphorisms to be a kind of attenuated psychoanalysis; that is, without the exaggerated presence of sexual elements or interpretations.
Feeding difficulties, food intake, and growth in children with esophageal atresia
Authors: Birketvedt Kjersti , Mikkelsen Audun , Hanssen Ragnhild , Schiørbeck Helle , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Henriksen Christine , Emblem Ragnhild
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Challenges regarding feeding difficulties and nutrition in children with esophageal atresia (EA) have been sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to explore parent‐reported feeding difficulties in children with EA by applying Montreal Children's Hospital‐Feeding Scale (MCH‐FS), and to further explore associations between feeding difficulties and clinical factors, growth and nutritional intake.

Methods

Parents of EA children born between 2012 and 2017 were invited. Clinical data were collected from medical records. In a prospective cohort‐study parent‐reported feeding difficulties (by MCH‐FS) were reported at two assessments, and at the second assessment, dietary data were collected by using the 24‐h food‐recall method.

Results

Out of 55 eligible participants, we evaluated 53 children at median age of 1.6 years (Q1:Q3 1.0:2.9) (first assessment) and 38 at median age of 4.2 years (Q1:Q3 1.0:2.9) (second assessment). Feeding difficulties were reported by 34% and 31% of the parents, respectively, but no particular profile of concerns could be identified. Children's energy intake and weight‐for‐age were correlated with feeding difficulties (MCH‐FS total score) (p < 0.02).

Conclusion

Parent‐reported feeding difficulties were identified in one‐third of children with EA and related to low energy intake and low weight‐for‐age, but not to clinical factors. This implies that feeding difficulties must be screened for during follow‐up in all EA children and may facilitate early detection of challenges and intervention if needed.