Beporzók mint fontos ökológiai és gazdasági biztonsági tényezők
Authors: Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó 
Published: December 2022

Összefoglalás.

A növényi beporzást sok esetben segítik a beporzók, hozzájárulva a termés- és
magképzéshez, szaporodáshoz. Ezzel a beporzók ökológiai és gazdasági értelemben
is kiemelt fontosságú szerepet játszanak az emberek életében, környezeti,
élelmezési, anyagi és egészségi biztonságuk vonatkozásában egyaránt. Az állati
beporzás a zárvatermő virágos növények 87%-át érinti, ami a szárazföldi
vegetációt alapjaiban meghatározza. Ebbe a körbe tartozik a termesztett növények
háromnegyede is, így a mezőgazdasági termelésben játszott szerepük mind
mennyiségi, mind minőségi értelemben kiemelkedő. Közvetlen kihatással vannak az
emberi egészségre, létfontosságú vitaminok, ásványi anyagok biztosításával. A
beporzók megőrzése, hanyatló trendjeik megállítása ezért az emberiség elemi
érdeke, mind hazai, mind globális vonatkozásban.

Summary.

Pollinators, including wild and managed bees, hoverflies, diurnal and nocturnal
butterflies, wasps, bugs, other insects, birds and mammals play an important
role in the reproduction, seed and fruit production of most dicotyledonous plant
species, including three-quarters of the cultivated plants. Through their
pollination as an ecosystem service their ecological and economical importance
is enormous, and has a key role in human safety regarding food, health, finances
and the environment. Animal pollination can be only partially or essentially
needed by a plant species to reach its optimal fruit or seed quality and
quantity. The pollinator related wild plants are important elements of the
terrestrial ecosystems, providing our environment safety through elemental
material circles. However, the foraging and nesting resources they need are
limited in managed ecosystems, such as intensive agricultural or industrial
landscapes. Pollinators contribute to the production of the majority of
cultivated plants at a certain extent, including such economically important
crops like sunflower, oilseed rape, apple, cherry, water melon, etc. Their
direct contribution to global food production seems to be low, only 5-8%, but
this share in human diet ensures such nutrients, vitamins and minerals that are
essential for health development and life. Furthermore, besides the physical
health, pollinators play a key role in mental health as well by the provision of
diverse and flowering environment, enjoyed by any outdoor activities.
Unfortunately, populations of many wild pollinator species decline worldwide and
high proportion of honeybee colonies are lost from time to time in several
regions. The main drivers behind these declines are habitat loss and change
caused mainly by agricultural intensification and urbanisation, climate change,
invasion, pests and pathogens and pesticide use. To halt these declines
overwhelming strategies are needed at local, national, regional and global
level. The EU Pollinator Strategy and the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 sets
ambitious targets for pollinator conservation, initiating among others an EU
level pollinator monitoring program, that is under test phase. These actions
might have the chance to reverse the pollinator decline and maintain pollinators
and pollination services, however, only in the case of real actions with joint
effort of scientists, decision makers and the public.