bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a scoping review on misuse of psychoactive medicines and its consequences
Authors: Araújo Ana Carmona , Casal Rita João , Goulão João , Martins Ana Paula
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Misuse of psychoactive medicines, especially prescription opioids, but also benzodiazepines, hypnotics and sedatives, has become a significant public health issue in some countries, especially in the USA, where it has been extensively documented, as well as in Canada and Australia. However, in the European Union (EU) published literature on the topic is scarce and heterogeneous regarding definitions, sources of data, tools and methods of analysis.

The aim of this scoping review is to map the key concepts on psychoactive medicines’ misuse and examine the existing body of evidence on this topic in the EU. Data on the possible consequences of medicines’ misuse—adverse drug reactions, poisonings, hospitalisations and deaths—will also be analysed.

Methods and analysis

The scoping review will follow the framework of Arksey and O’Malley, further developed by Levacet aland the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search strategy, developed by the authors, includes querying three electronic databases—PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus—using keywords and the Medical Subject Headings, for evidence published in English, French, Spanish or Portuguese between 2011 and 2020. Additionally, articles from PubMed alerts and other sources will also be considered. The results of the scoping review will describe the currently available evidence regarding misuse of medicines at EU level.

Ethics and dissemination

Since the scoping review methodology focuses on published data, this study does not require ethical approval. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal and plan to disseminate our work in conferences and scientific meetings.

Registration details

This scoping review protocol is registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF; seehttps://osf.io/fzr9u) and has also been shared as a preprint in this free and open-source project management repository. It is available athttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/y3s4q.
Influences and outcomes of less than full-time working in the medical profession: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Baker Magdalen , Griffin Ann , Dacre Jane , Medisauskaite Asta
Published: October 2022

Introduction

An impoverished medical workforce is a global phenomenon, which can impact patient care significantly. Greater flexibility in working patterns is one approach policy-makers adopt to address this issue, and the expansion of less than full-time (LTFT) working forms part of this. Studies suggest that LTFT working has the potential to improve recruitment and retention by aligning with how doctors increasingly want to balance their careers with other commitments and interests. What is less well understood are the influencing factors and outcomes related to LTFT working among doctors. This protocol outlines the methodology for a systematic review that will evaluate existing knowledge on LTFT working in the medical profession.

Methods and analysis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines will be followed. Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Health Management Information Consortium, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Healthcare Administration, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts will be searched for studies published up to March 2022. Unpublished literature from EThos and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global will also be searched. Bibliographic searching, citation searching and handsearching will be used to retrieve additional papers. Authors will be contacted for data or publications if necessary. Two independent reviewers will undertake study screening, data extraction and quality assessment, with disagreements resolved by consensus or by a third reviewer if necessary. Data synthesis will be by narrative synthesis and meta-analysis if possible.

Ethics and dissemination

The proposed study does not require ethical approval; however, it forms part of a larger body of research on the impact of LTFT working on the medical workforce for which ethics approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee at University College London. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022307174.
Factors influencing death anxiety among Chinese patients with cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gong Youwen , Yan Yixia , Yang Renting , Cheng Qinqin , Zheng Hongling , Chen Yongyi , Xu Xianghua
Published: October 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate death anxiety status among Chinese patients with cancer and identify factors that affect death anxiety.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Changsha, Hunan Province, China.

Participants

A total of 286 inpatients diagnosed with cancer were randomly recruited from a tertiary cancer centre and completed the questionnaires between January and June 2021.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was the status of death anxiety. The secondary outcomes were the factors that affect death anxiety among Chinese patients with cancer.

Methods

A total of 286 Chinese patients with cancer were recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital to complete the demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-second edition, and Meaning in Life Questionnaire from January to June 2021. Data were analysed using t-test, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

On average, patients with cancer scored 7.72±4.17 for death anxiety, 25.71±9.69 for experiential avoidance and 45.19±8.22 for meaning in life. Ultimately, the statistically significant factors influencing death anxiety were education levels, insurance, pain scores, experiential avoidance and meaning in life. These factors explained 40.6% of the difference in death anxiety.

Conclusions

Patients with cancer in China experienced a high level of death anxiety. This study showed that experiential avoidance and meaning in life were important factors that affected death anxiety in patients with cancer. Further studies should be conducted to explore effective interventions to prevent experiential avoidance and increase meaning in life for patients with cancer. Attention should be paid to patients without insurance but with lower education levels and higher pain scores to ultimately relieve death anxiety and improve their quality of life.
Are workplace factors associated with employee alcohol use? The WIRUS cross-sectional study
Authors: Thørrisen Mikkel Magnus , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Bonsaksen Tore , Skarpaas Lisebet Skeie , Aas Randi Wågø
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Sociodemographic predictors of employee alcohol use are well established in the literature, but knowledge about associations between workplace factors and alcohol use is less explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether workplace factors were associated with employee alcohol use (consumption and alcohol-related problems).

Design

Cross-sectional study. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses.

Setting

Heterogeneous sample of employees (workers and supervisors) from 22 companies across geographical locations and work divisions in Norway.

Participants

Employees (N=5388) responded on survey items measuring workplace factors and alcohol use.

Outcomes

Data on alcohol use were collected with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Consumption was measured with the AUDIT-C (the first three items), and alcohol-related problems were operationalised as a sum score of 8 or higher on the full 10-item AUDIT.

Results

Higher levels of alcohol consumption were associated with more liberal workplace drinking social norms (b=1.37, p<0.001), working full-time (b=0.18, p<0.001), working from holiday home (b=0.40, p<0.01), being a supervisor (b=0.25, p<0.001), having supervisors with less desired leadership qualities (b=−0.10, p<0.01), shorter working hours (b=−0.03, p<0.05), higher workplace social support (b=0.13, p<0.05) and higher income (b=0.02, p<0.001). Alcohol-related problems were associated with more liberal workplace drinking social norms (OR=3.52, p<0.001) and shorter working hours (OR=0.94, p<0.05).

Conclusions

Workplace drinking social norms were the supremely most dominant predictor of both consumption and alcohol-related problems. Results suggest that some workplace factors may play a role in explaining employee alcohol consumption, although the predictive ability of these factors was limited. This study points to the importance of drinking social norms, workplace drinking culture and leadership for understanding employee alcohol use.
Non-invasive advanced respiratory support in end-of-life care and symptom management: systematic review
Authors: Wenzel David , Bleazard Lucy , Pepper Coral Jayne , Wilson Eleanor , Faull Christina
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To narrate the canon of knowledge around symptom control at end of life for patients using, or having recently used, non-invasive advanced respiratory support (NARS) at end of life for respiratory failure.

Methods

A systematic review forming a narrative synthesis from a wide range of sample papers from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane and OpenGrey databases. A secondary search of grey literature was also performed with hand searching reference lists and author citations. The review was undertaken using the ENTREQ checklist for quality.

Results

In total, 22 studies were included in the synthesis and four themes were generated: NARS as a buoy (NARS can represent hope and relief from the symptoms of respiratory failure), NARS as an anchor (NARS brings significant treatment burden), Impact on Staff (uncertainty over the balance of benefit and burden as well as complex patient care drives distress among staff providing care) and the Process of Withdrawal (withdrawal of therapy felt to be futile exists as discrete event in patient care but is otherwise poorly defined).

Conclusion

NARS represents a complex interplay of hope, symptom control, unnaturally prolonged death and treatment burden. The literature captures the breadth of these issues, but further, detailed, research is required in almost every aspect of practice around end-of-life care and NARS—especially how to manage symptoms at the end of life.
Cosmology in 5D and 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Gómez F. , Lepe S. , Orozco V. C. , Salgado P.
Published: October 2022

We consider the five-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity, which can be obtained by means of an appropriate choice of coefficients in the five-dimensional Lanczos–Lovelock gravity theory. The Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet field equations for the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric are found as well as some of their solutions. The hyperbolicity of the corresponding equations of motion is discussed. A four-dimensional gravity action is obtained from the Gauss–Bonnet gravity using the Randall–Sundrum compactification procedure and then it is studied the implications of the compactification procedure in the cosmological solutions. The same procedure is used to obtain gravity in four dimensions from the five-dimensional AdS–Chern–Simons gravity to then study some cosmological solutions. Some aspects of the construction of the four-dimensional action gravity, as well as a brief review of Lovelock gravity in 5D are considered in an Appendix.
Gravitational form factors of the delta resonance in chiral EFT
Authors: Alharazin H. , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner U.-G. , Sun B.-D.
Published: October 2022

The leading one-loop corrections to the gravitational form factors of the delta resonance are calculated in the framework of chiral effective field theory. Various contributions to the energy–momentum tensor and the renormalization of the low-energy constants are worked out. Using the small scale expansion, expressions for static quantities are obtained and the real and imaginary parts of the gravitational form factors are calculated numerically.
The high-density equation of state in heavy-ion collisions: constraints from proton flow
Authors: Steinheimer Jan , Motornenko Anton , Sorensen Agnieszka , Nara Yasushi , Koch Volker , Bleicher Marcus
Published: October 2022

A set of different equations of state is implemented in the molecular dynamics part of a non-equilibrium transport simulation (UrQMD) of heavy-ion collisions. It is shown how different flow observables are affected by the density dependence of the equation of state. In particular, the effects of a phase transition at high density are explored, including an expected reduction in mean $$m_T$$

m
T

. We also show that an increase in $$v_2$$

v
2

is characteristic for a strong softening of the equation of state. The phase transitions with a low coexistence density, $$n_{\text {CE}}<4 n_0$$

n
CE

<
4

n
0

, show a distinct minimum in the slope of the directed flow as a function of the beam energy, which would be a clear experimental signal. By comparing our results with experimental data, we can exclude any strong phase transition at densities below $$4n_0$$

4

n
0

.
SUCCESS OF OPEN INNOVATION EVENTS FOR SOLVERS
Authors: THISSE BASILE , GAGNÉ CORALIE , ARMELLINI FABIANO , VEILLEUX SOPHIE , BEAUDRY CATHERINE
Published: October 2022

This quantitative study explores the outcomes of open innovation events for solvers and how such events can be successful for such participants. Specifically, the relationships among event design, solver motivation and outcomes are studied. How such an event impacts the capability of the solver to interact with the innovation ecosystem is also presented. We discovered that design elements impact the OI event outcomes, intrinsic motivation of solvers has a moderating effect on the relationship between OI design and outcomes, and open innovation events positively affect the solvers’ capacity to interact with the innovation ecosystem. Our results have implications for promoters to better design open innovation events and for solvers to ensure that they benefit from their participation.
CONTINUOUS BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES: THE CASE OF CEWE
Authors: SCHAFFER NORMAN , HERMES SEBASTIAN , WEKING JÖRG , HEIN ANDREAS , KRCMAR HELMUT
Published: October 2022

Continuously innovating business models is necessary to leverage technological progress but remains a complex challenge for firms. Dynamic capabilities explain how organisations ensure long-term success by continuously transforming. Still, how continuous business model innovation unfolds and how dynamic capabilities might support remains understudied. Therefore, we use a 27-year old longitudinal case study of CEWE. CEWE transformed from an analog B2B2C business to a digital B2C and B2B brand in the photo industry. We derive a process model on continuous business model innovation, which explains how modular business model innovation builds dynamic capabilities and how architectural business model innovation utilises them. We enrich business model innovation and dynamic capabilities research by demonstrating how both enable and build on each other. For practice, we show explicit dynamic capabilities and routines to manifest them that guide firms to successfully navigate their business model innovation journey.
Machine Learning Assisted Circuit Sizing Approach for Low-Voltage Analog Circuits with Efficient Variation-Aware Optimization
Authors: Song Ling-Yen , Chou Chih-Yun , Kuo Tung-Chieh , Liu Chien-Nan , Huang Juinn-Dar
Published: October 2022

Low-power analog design is a hot topic for various power efficient applications. Sizing low-power analog circuits is not easy because the increasing uncertainties from low-voltage techniques magnify process variation effects on the design yield. Simulation-based approaches are often adopted for analog circuit sizing because of its high accuracy and adaptability in different cases. However, if process variation is also considered, the huge number of simulations becomes almost infeasible for large circuits. Although there are some recent works that adopt
machine learning (ML)
techniques to speed up the optimization process, the process variation effects are still hard to be considered in those approaches. Using the popular
evolutionary algorithm (EA)
as an example, this paper proposes an ML-assisted prediction model to speed up the variation-aware circuit sizing technique for low-voltage analog circuits. By predicting the likelihood for a design that has worse performance, the enhanced EA process is able to skip many unnecessary simulations to reduce the convergence time. Moreover, a novel force-directed model is proposed to guide the optimization toward better yield. Based on the performance of prior circuit samples in the EA optimization, the proposed force model is able to predict the likelihood of a design that has better yield without time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. Compared with prior works, the proposed approach significantly reduces the number of simulations in the yield-aware EA optimization, which helps to generate practical low-voltage designs with high reliability and low cost.
A Survey on Virtual Network Functions for Media Streaming: Solutions and Future Challenges
Authors: Viola Roberto , Martín Ángel , Zorrilla Mikel , Montalbán Jon , Angueira Pablo , Muntean Gabriel-Miro
Published: October 2022

Media services must ensure an enhanced user’s perceived quality during content playback to attract and retain audiences, especially while the streams are distributed remotely via networks. Thus, media streaming services rely heavily on good and predictable network performance when delivered to a large number of people. Furthermore, as the quality of media content gets high, the network performance demands are also increasing, and meeting them is challenging. Network functions devoted to improving media streaming services become essential to cope with the high dynamics of network performance and user mobility. Furthermore, new networking paradigms and architectures under the 5G networks umbrella are bringing new possibilities to deploy smart network functions, which monitor the media streaming services through live and objective metrics and boost them in real-time. This survey overviews the state-of-the-art technologies and solutions proposed to apply new network functions for enhancing media streaming.
Cytokine Storm Syndrome
Authors: Cron Randy Q. , Goyal Gaurav , Chatham W. Winn
Published: October 2022

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), which is frequently fatal, has garnered increased attention with the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. A variety of hyperinflammatory conditions associated with multiorgan system failure can be lumped under the CSS umbrella, including familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and secondary HLH associated with infections, hematologic malignancies, and autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, in which case CSS is termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Various classification and diagnostic CSS criteria exist and include clinical, laboratory, pathologic, and genetic features. Familial HLH results from cytolytic homozygous genetic defects in the perforin pathway employed by cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Similarly, NK cell dysfunction is often present in secondary HLH and MAS, and heterozygous mutations in familial HLH genes are frequently present. Targeting overly active lymphocytes and macrophages with etoposide and glucocorticoids is the standard for treating HLH; however, more targeted and safer anticytokine (e.g., anti-interleukin-1, -6) approaches are gaining traction as effective alternatives.
Perspective—Reversibility of Electro-Plating/Stripping Reactions: Metal Anodes for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zheng J. X. Kent
Published: October 2022

Decades of research on metallic anodes has brought the concept closer to being commercially-relevant in multiple rechargeable battery systems. This is clearly illustrated by the profound progress made on improving the plating/stripping reversibility of some metals, such as Li, from <90% to >≈99%. However, claiming the remaining 1% and even 0.1% becomes progressively more difficult. To this end, the Perspective aims at providing a succinct discussion of key opportunities in resolving the critical challenges for the next phase of research on metal anodes—for example—controlling mesoscale orders, establishing standards for precision measurement, and exploring emerging candidates such as Mn and Fe, etc.
Galvanostatic Li Electrodeposition in LiTFSI-PC Electrolyte: Part I. Effects of Current Density in Initial Stage
Authors: Nishida T. , Fukunaka Y. , Homma T. , Nohira T.
Published: October 2022

Galvanostatic electrodeposition of Li was carried out in 1 M LiTFSI/PC electrolyte to investigate the effect of current density on the morphological variations during the initial stage of the electrodeposition. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation process was analyzed from the potential change combined with XPS and UPS measurements along with SEM observation of Li deposits. A significant difference in the deposited Li morphology was observed depending on the current density. The simultaneous growth of whisker-like and granular deposits was noticed at lower current density, while the experiments at higher current densities evolved rather uniform mesoscopic-sized rod development. The formation behavior of SEI prior to Li deposition also differed between lower and higher current densities, of which the transition was about 4 mA cm−2. It was deduced that the formation history of SEI affected the surface defect density heterogeneity and mass transport properties inside SEI. The event of “sprouting,” in which Li precipitates nucleated and grown in SEI are extruded from the SEI layer into the electrolyte, certainly influenced the subsequent growth mode. The diffusion coefficient of Li+ in the SEI galvanostatically formed on Ni substrate in 1 M LiTFSI/PC was estimated to be in the order of 10−9 cm2 s−1.
Electrolyte Solvation and Ionic Association: Part IX. Structures and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of LiFSI Solvates
Authors: Han Sang-Don , Sommer Roger D. , Boyle Paul D. , Zhou Zhi-Bin , Young Victor G. , Borodin Oleg , Henderson Wesley A.
Published: October 2022

The bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion N(SO2F)2
− (i.e., FSI−) (also referred to as bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (i.e., FSA−) and imidodi(sulphuryl fluoride)) has attracted tremendous interest in recent years for its utility in both lithium salts and ionic liquids for battery electrolyte applications. To facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of this anion, crystal structures are reported here for the uncoordinated anion in LiFSI-based solvates with cryptand CRYPT-222 and tetraglyme (G4). These crystalline solvates were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to aid in assigning the Raman bands to the modes of ion coordination found in liquid electrolytes. These structures, as well as a thorough review of other relevant crystallographic data, provide insights into the rather remarkable properties of the FSI− anion with regard to solvate formation and electrolyte properties.
Theory of Layered-Oxide Cathode Degradation in Li-ion Batteries by Oxidation-Induced Cation Disorder
Authors: Zhuang Debbie , Bazant Martin Z.
Published: October 2022

Disorder-driven degradation phenomena, such as structural phase transformations and surface reconstructions, can significantly reduce the lifetime of Li-ion batteries, especially those with nickel-rich layered-oxide cathodes. We develop a general free energy model for layered-oxide ion-intercalation materials as a function of the degree of disorder, which represents the density of defects in the host crystal. The model accounts for defect core energies, long-range dipolar electrostatic forces, and configurational entropy of the solid solution. In the case of nickel-rich oxides, we hypothesize that nickel with a high concentration of defects is driven into the bulk by electrostatic forces as oxidation reactions at the solid-electrolyte interface reduce nickel and either evolve oxygen or oxidize the organic electrolyte at high potentials (>4.4 V vs Li/Li+). The model is used in battery cycling simulations to describe the extent of cathode degradation when using different voltage cutoffs, in agreement with experimental observations that lower-voltage cycling can substantially reduce cathode degradation. The theory provides a framework to guide the development of cathode compositions, coatings and electrolytes to enhance rate capability and enhance battery lifetime. The general theory of cation-disorder formation may also find applications in electrochemical water treatment and ion separations, such as lithium extraction from brines, based on competitive ion intercalation in battery materials.
Superatom Generation and Deposition of Alkali-like Ta@Si16 and Halogen-like Al13 via Atomic Aggregation
Authors: Inoue Tomoya , Ichikawa Takumi , Matsunaga Kimika , Birumachi Ryuki , Nakamura Kanata , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: October 2022

Surface modification with uniform nanostructures is a promising way to fabricate functionalized surface, and the synthetic electrode functionalization can be performed by depositing atomically precise nanoclusters with a specific number of atoms and compositions. During atomic nucleation and growth in gas phase, atomic aggregates exhibit novel electronic properties, mimicking atoms at a specific number of atoms and composition, which is called superatom (SA). Tantalum-encapsulating Si16 cage nanoclusters (Ta@Si16) and aluminum 13-mer (Al13) are promising SAs for designing their assembled materials with tunable properties, where one-electron-excessive Ta@Si16 and one-electron-deficient Al13 exhibit alkali- and halogen-like characteristics, respectively, owing to the electron shell closing. In this study, with an intense nanocluster ion source, Ta@Si16
+ and Al13
− were generated during the formation of TaSi
n

+ cations and Al
n

− anions, where Ta@Si16
+ was remarkably generated compared with the neighboring species. SA deposition provided uniformly decorated surfaces exhibiting nanofunctional properties superior to those obtained by conventional atom deposition. With mass spectrometry, Ta@Si16
+ and Al13
− SAs were size-selectively soft-landed on the substrate surfaces predeposited with n-type fullerene (C60) and p-type hexa-tert-butyl-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HB-HBC, C66H66). The electronic states of Ta@Si16 and Al13 SAs immobilized on the organic substrates were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and oxidative reactivities under O2 exposure.
Exploring physiology instructors’ use of core concepts: pedagogical factors that influence choice of course topics
Authors: Hsu Jeremy L. , Halpin Patricia A.
Published: October 2022

The physiology core concepts are a critical resource for undergraduate physiology instructors. Despite this, little past work has investigated the impact of these core concepts across institutions. We find that most instructors are unfamiliar with these core concepts and instead rely on other resources when developing and revamping their physiology courses. We also identify uneven coverage of the core concepts in the curriculum and offer implications for the physiology education community.
Using the study cycle model to support better student learning: a faculty guide
Authors: Favero Terence G. , Cesar Christie Engesser
Published: October 2022

Many college students do not have adaptable methods habits that allow them to get the most out of in-class time and structure their out-of-class study time. As a result, faculty are frequently called on to help students become better learners. This article describes an evidence-based framework focusing on learning anatomy and physiology examples that faculty can share with students to support better studying habits leading to deeper learning.
Role of miR-379 in high-fat diet-induced kidney injury and dysfunction
Authors: Abdollahi Maryam , Kato Mitsuo , Lanting Linda , Wang Mei , Tunduguru Ragadeepthi , Natarajan Rama
Published: October 2022

miR-379 knockout mice are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced kidney damage through key miR-379 targets associated with ER stress (Edem3). Mechanistically, treatment of mesangial cells with insulin (mimicking hyperinsulinemia) increased expression of miR-379, Tgf-β1, miR-200, and Chop and decreases Edem3. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced fibrotic genes are attenuated by a GapmeR targeting miR-379. The results implicate a miR-379/EDEM3/ER stress/miR-200c/Zeb2 signaling pathway in HFD/obesity/insulin resistance-induced renal dysfunction. Targeting miR-379 with GapmeRs can aid in the treatment of obesity-induced kidney disease.
Neuromechanical adaptations of foot function when hopping on a damped surface
Authors: Birch Jonathon V. , Farris Dominic J. , Riddick Ryan , Cresswell Andrew G. , Dixon Sharon J. , Kelly Luke A.
Published: October 2022

Adaptable foot mechanics play an important role in how we adjust to elastic surfaces. However, natural substrates are rarely perfectly elastic and dissipate energy. Here, we highlight the important role of the foot and intrinsic foot muscles in contributing to replacing dissipated work on damped surfaces and uncover an important energy-saving mechanism that may be exploited by the designers of footwear and other wearable devices.
The role of nitric oxide in flow-induced and myogenic responses in 1A, 2A, and 3A branches of the porcine middle cerebral artery
Authors: Morse Cameron J. , Boerman Erika M. , McDonald Matthew W. , Padilla Jaume , Olver T. Dylan
Published: October 2022

This study demonstrated size-dependent heterogeneity in myogenic reactivity in porcine cerebral arteries. Smaller branches of the middle cerebral artery exhibited increased myogenic reactivity, but attenuated NOS-dependent increases in myogenic tone compared with larger branches. Flow-dependent regulation does not exhibit the same variation; diameter-independent flow-induced vasoconstrictions occur across all branch orders and are not affected by NOS inhibition. Conceptually, flow-induced vasoconstriction contributes to cerebral autoregulation, particularly in larger arteries with low myogenic tone.
Stretch reflex gain scaling at the shoulder varies with synergistic muscle activity
Authors: Nicolozakes Constantine P. , Sohn M. Hongchul , Baillargeon Emma M. , Lipps David B. , Perreault Eric J.
Published: October 2022

Careful coordination of muscles crossing the shoulder is needed to maintain the delicate balance between the joint’s mobility and stability. We provide experimental evidence that stretch reflexes within shoulder muscles are modulated based on the aggregate activity of muscles crossing the joint, not just the activity of the muscle in which the reflex is elicited. Our results reflect coordination through neural coupling that may help maintain shoulder stability during encounters with environmental perturbations.
Design of an Underground Transmission Line Condition Fault Monitoring System for Power Grids Based on Data Analysis Algorithms
Authors: Wang Liunai , Jiang Wen , Dong Weiwei
Published: October 2022

With the continuous expansion of the scale, capacity, and coverage of the modern transmission network, the role of the power system in the national economy is increasingly prominent, and the disconnection of the power system will have a huge impact on society and people’s lives. Due to the long transport distance and wide coverage of transmission lines, natural conditions and human factors have caused great difficulties in line operation and maintenance. How to effectively improve the operation and maintenance of transmission lines to ensure the stability and safety of the power grid has become a common problem for the power industry and scientific researchers to discuss. In recent years, the information society has stepped into the era of big data, and big data has developed rapidly, becoming a hot area favored by academia and industry, and is widely used. Through big data analysis, potential operation rules can be discovered from a large amount of grid information, providing maintenance personnel with corresponding maintenance decision support. Using big data technology for transmission line fault analysis can effectively reduce accident processing time and avoid accident expansion. Therefore, this paper combines the underground transmission line fault of power grid with the fuzzy KNN algorithm model to apply the underground transmission line state intelligent monitoring system and conducts the study of real-time data collection and fault diagnosis analysis of the underground transmission line fault of power grid, and this paper conducts the transmission line fault analysis experiment, which fully confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm model proposed in the paper and concludes that the data analysis model proposed in this paper. The proposed data analysis model has good innovation and practical feasibility.
A Model-Driven Analysis of the Relationship between Innovation and Growth in a Green Low-Carbon Economy Based on Open Public Data
Authors: Wu Yaxing
Published: October 2022

In the new era, China’s economic development is in the offensive period of transforming the development mode, green development is an inevitable requirement to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode and optimize the industrial structure, and we should adhere to the concept of ecological priority and green development to promote high-quality economic development. The 19th Party Congress clearly proposed to “promote green development, establish a sound economic system of green low-carbon cycle development, and build a market-oriented green technology innovation system.” Green technology is the technology to save resources, reduce pollution, and achieve sustainable development. Green technology innovation continues to promote green development, which will become an important support to promote the progress of ecological civilization, adhere to pollution prevention and control, and promote high-quality development. Promoting green technology innovation, taking the road of sustainable development, enhancing the awareness of environmental protection, and promoting high-quality economic development are also inevitable choices to promote the conversion of economic development mode. Carrying out research on the impact of green technological innovation on regional economic growth is of great significance to alleviate the shortage of innovation resources in China, guide enterprises to change to a green way of development, and promote the sustainable development of China’s economy and population, resources, and environment. This paper provides publicly available data from 2015-2021, takes fixed asset investment as the variable, introduces control variables, and analyzes the relationship between technological innovation and economic growth using fixed-effects model and intermediate-effects model. The results show that innovation contributes significantly to regional economic growth and is influenced by the mediating role of fixed asset investment. In order to boost China’s economic growth, specific policy recommendations are proposed in terms of optimizing the regional innovation layout, improving the intellectual property rights system, cultivating high-quality talents, optimizing the structure of fixed assets, and attracting the inflow of foreign capital.
Detection and Analysis of the Oral Flora in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Cai Ruolin , Bi Wei , Yu Youcheng
Published: October 2022

The present study detected differences in the oral mucosal flora in healthy people and patients diagnosed with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) using the 16S ribosomal RNA high-throughput sequencing (rRNA-seq). All samples were collected from the lower lip mucosa of 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with RAS. After the extraction, DNA was subjected to PCR amplification for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, before subjecting to high-throughput sequencing, and matched to a database. Most bacterial species and most unique bacteria were from the healthy control group, and the amount of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) calculated was similar in the ulcer and nonulcer sites. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were most abundant in the healthy group and in ulcer, nonulcer, and healed ulcer sites at the phylum level. Meanwhile, the number of Prevotella was significantly elevated in ulcer sites (

P
<
0.05

). Healthy people had more species of bacteria inhabiting their oral mucosa than did RAS patients, and patients with ulcers had the lowest abundance of bacterial species. We suggest that the number of Prevotella is associated with RAS.
Big Data e-Commerce Economic Development by Using IoT and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zheng Jie , Yang Guohua
Published: October 2022

The development of e-commerce economy is closely related to the progress of computer technology, which provides an effective data basis for the development of e-commerce economy. Support vector machines are not only used to analyze and solve the second-class classification problems but also can analyze and solve the first-class classification problems. The rise of the e-commerce economy is not only conducive to increasing people’s income but also conducive to the realization of income increase in some economically backward areas and the improvement of various infrastructures, thus breaking the characteristics of inconvenient transportation in some areas and promoting the development of regional economy. Therefore, this study introduces the concept of Internet of Things and robust support vector machine technology, which are more advanced in computer technology, into the e-commerce system to optimize the existing e-commerce platform and knowledge mode. From the regression results of the fixed effect model, the e-commerce economy will have a certain positive impact on the regional economic gap, although the magnitude of the impact is not large. From the overidentification test and the regression results of the dynamic panel, the sign of the variable regression coefficient has been relatively stable, which means that the dynamic panel model described in this study not only does not have the problem of overidentification but also has stability.
Multiobjective Optimization of WEDM Parameters on the Mg-HNT-Zr Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Using Taguchi-Coupled GRA
Authors: Jayaganthan A. , Manickam M. , Prathiban S. , Amarnath M. , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Babu M. , Dharmadurai P. , Adamassu Yesgat
Published: October 2022

The current research deals with Taguchi-coupled grey relational analysis (GRA) multiobjective optimization of wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) for better surface roughness (Ra) and the material removal rate (MRR) over magnesium/halloysite nano tube/zirconium (Mg/HNT/Zr) metal matrix composite (MMC). Hybrid composites are created through the powder metallurgy route by varying the weight percentage of reinforcements HNT (5 and 10%) and Zr (0.5 and 1%) to the weight of the base material magnesium. Machining is carried out by varying the factors such as reinforcement’s weight percentage, pulse OFF time, pulse ON time, and wire feed (WF) based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The response surface roughness (Ra) and the material removal rate (MRR) were studied through Taguchi-coupled GRA to evaluate the optimized machining parameters. ANOVA results reveal the percentage contribution of certain factors over the machining of composites. The developed regression model proved that the predicted values were merely similar to the experimental values of MRR and Ra. The best parametric combinations obtained from optimization are inline as the minimum weight percentage of reinforcements, and higher Pon, higher WF, and the lowered Poff are used to attain the best rate of MRR during machining and for minimized surface roughness.
Implementation of CT Image Segmentation Based on an Image Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Shen Lingli
Published: October 2022

With the increasingly important role of image segmentation in the field of computed tomography (CT) image segmentation, the requirements for image segmentation technology in related industries are constantly improving. When the hardware resources can fully meet the needs of the fast and high-precision image segmentation program system, the main means of how to improve the image segmentation effect is to improve the related algorithms. Therefore, this study has proposed a combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and Great Law (OTSU) algorithm to form an image segmentation algorithm-immune genetic algorithm (IGA) algorithm. The algorithm has improved the segmentation accuracy and efficiency of the original algorithm, which is beneficial to the more accurate results of CT image segmentation. The experimental results in this study have shown that the operating efficiency of the OTSU segmentation algorithm is up to 75%. The operating efficiency of the GA algorithm is up to 78%. The operating efficiency of the IGA algorithm is up to 92%. In terms of operating efficiency, the OTSU segmentation algorithm has more advantages. In terms of segmentation accuracy, the highest accuracy rate of OTSU segmentation algorithm is 45%. The accuracy of the GA algorithm is 80%. The highest accuracy of the IGA algorithm is 97%. The IGA algorithm is more powerful in terms of operating efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, the application of the IGA algorithm to CT image segmentation is beneficial to doctors to better judge the lesions and improve the diagnosis rate.
Antitumor Effect of Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via LSD1-Mediate Epigenetic Mechanisms
Authors: Shen Zhengjie , Gu Yongjuan , Jiang Ruiyang , Qian Heya , Li Siyuan , Xu Lixian , Gu Wenzhe , Zuo Yun
Published: October 2022

Background and Purpose. Breast cancer ranks first in the incidence of female tumors. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), one type of breast cancer, is more aggressive and has a worse prognosis. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) is isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Our previous study found that T96 could inhibit TNBC invasion via suppressing the canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling pathways. However, the antitumor effects and mechanisms of T-96 on TNBC have not been studied. This study is aimed at investigating the antitumor effect and mechanism of T-96 on breast cancer. Experimental approach. MTT assay, Live and Dead cell assay, and TUNEL were used to observe the antitumor effect of breast cancer cells treated with T-96. siRNA of LSD1, Co-IP, and molecular docking were used to explore the direct target and mechanism of T-96. Subcutaneous murine xenograft models were used to detect the efficacy of T-96 antitumor activity in vivo. Key Results. T-96 was more susceptible to inducing the apoptosis of highly metastatic TNBC cell lines (SUM-1315). An abnormal level of histone methylation is a crucial characteristic of metastatic cancer cells. LSD1 is a histone demethylase. We found that T-96 could significantly decrease the protein expression of LSD1, increase its target protein PTEN expression and enhance histone methylation. T-96 could also down-regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which could be blocked by PTEN. Knockdown of LSD1 by siRNA blocked the pharmacological activity of T-96. And the molecular docking predicted T-96 processed affinity toward LSD1 through hydrogen bonding. Finally, T-96 was evaluated in a murine xenograft model of SUM-1315 cells. And T-96 could significantly inhibit tumor growth without showing marked toxicity. Conclusions & Implications. The results illustrated that T-96 exerted antitumor activity in highly metastatic TNBC by inactivating the LSD1 function.
Degenerater‐Bell Polynomials Arising from Degenerate Normal Ordering
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San , Kim Hye Kyung
Published: October 2022

Recently, Kim‐Kim introduced the degenerater‐Bell polynomials and investigated some results which are derived from umbral calculus. The aim of this paper is to study some properties of the degenerater‐Bell polynomials and numbers via boson operators. In particular, we obtain two expressions for the generating function of the degenerater‐Bell polynomials in |z|2, and a recurrence relation and Dobinski‐like formula for the degenerater‐Bell numbers. These are derived from the degenerate normal ordering of a degenerate integral power of the number operator in terms of boson operators where the degenerater‐Stirling numbers of the second kind appear as the coefficients.
High Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Level Associated with Remission of Mild/Moderate Dysplasia of the Esophagus: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Su Hui , Liu Kuiliang , Zhao Yanjie , Shi Feng , Li Yuchen , Wu Jiangping , Song Qingkun
Published: October 2022

Background. The esophageal epithelial dysplasia is the precancerous lesion. This study aimed to investigate the association between the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and the remission of esophageal squamous mild or moderate dysplasia. Methods. We performed a nested case–control study. Patients with mild/moderate dysplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium were enrolled in this study during the years of 2013–2015 and received a follow-up endoscopy during 2017–2018. With the comparison between baseline and follow-up diagnosis, the patients were divided into regression/stable and progression groups. A predictive model for the outcome of dysplasia was comprised of the variables of SCCA, age, sex, education level, and baseline dysplasia grade. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to estimate the diagnostic efficacy of the regression status of dysplasia under the predictive model. Results. There were 146 patients enrolled in this study. 100 patients experienced a regression or stable status of dysplasia and 46 patients had a progressed status. Increased age, low education level, and moderate dysplasia were the risk factors of progression. With an 0.1 μg/L increase, SCCA was associated with a 0.90-fold risk (95% CI 0.81, 0.99) of progression. In the predictive model, the area under ROC curve was 0.78. The cut-off values of predictive probability of combined factors for progression, were 0.40 and 0.32 for males and females, respectively. Conclusions. Increased serum SCCA concentration was associated with regressed severity of mild and moderate dysplasia of the esophageal mucosa. Further studies were warranted and SCCA concentration was a potential biomarker for the dysplasia prognosis.