bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Citizenship for the Non-Traditional Student
Authors: Brown Stephanie , Cope Virginia
Published: January 2022

After taking students from The Ohio State University at Newark to Berlin and New Orleans, we recognized the many obstacles nontraditional students face in participating in such programs, and we sought innovative ways to overcome those difficulties and prepare participants for cross-cultural encounters. We developed an approach grounded in the concept of what we call cosmopolitan courtesy. Blending the notion of everyday “civility” with the philosophical and intellectual background of the concept of cosmopolitanism, we crafted a set of classroom exercises and discussion prompts that encourage students to articulate and practice strategies for coping with unfamiliar and potentially unsettling cross-cultural experiences. This preparation positions students to take full advantage of study abroad, service learning, or domestic travel courses by inviting them to see themselves as global citizens.
Low Cost Paper-based Electrochemical Sensing Platform for the Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kaumal M. N. , Nissanka N. A. A. Buddhini , R. Perera L. Hasini
Published: January 2022

A rapid, precise, low cost, selective and sensitive paper-based electrochemical device for the determination of H2O2 in milk is described here. Commercially available varnish and a simple hand drawing method were used to develop the hydrophobic pattern to generate a hydrophilic detection zone on the filter paper. The electrode system was fabricated on the detection zone in order to detect H2O2 electrochemically. A commercially available graphite pencil and conductive silver ink were used to fabricate the counter electrode and pseudo-reference electrode, respectively. A paste of Prussian blue (PB) modified graphite, unmodified graphite and phenol-formaldehyde polymer were used to fabricate a PB modified graphite working electrode on paper. This modified electrode showed electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H2O2 and it was successfully used for the chronoamperometric detection of H2O2 at 0 V vs Ag reference electrode in 0.1 mol l-1 phosphate buffer, buffered at pH 6.0 in 0.1 mol l-1 KCl. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve for the H2O2 determination was linear from 5 to 50 mmol l-1 with a detection limit (LoD = x ̅ + 3SD) of 4.0 mmol l-1. In addition, the PB modified graphite electrode showed selectivity for H2O2 detection in the presence of ascorbic acid, sucrose and citric acid.
Allelopathic Potential of Subfractions from Aqueous Extract of Spirulina Platensis and Denatured C-phycocyanin
Authors: Charoenying Patchanee , Laosinwattana Chamroon , Chotsaeng Nawasit
Published: January 2022

In this laboratory bioassay, crude aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis (Nordst) Geitl. was extracted with 90% aqueous ethanol and 80% aqueous ethanol to achieve three subfractions, green powder (F1), pale-green powder (F2) and deep-blue powder (F3). Each of these subfractions was evaluated for allelopathic activity on Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.). The plant seeds were germinated in vials with three subfractions (250-2000 mg/l concentrations) and distilled water was used as a negative control. The results indicated that subfraction F3 had the highest inhibitory effect on both of the tested plants. All subfractions had an absorbance ratio (A620/A280) lower than the original aqueous extract, suggesting that a denaturation event of the C-phycocyanin (C-PC) component had occurred during the extraction process. After heating a commercial C-PC solution at 90oC for 3 h, the absorbance ratio changed to 0.46, and likewise allelopathic assay revealed that the decolorized C-PC solution retained its allelopathic potential on the tested plants. To confirm these findings, S. platensis powder was extracted with distilled water at 90oC for 3 h and tested for its allelopathic potential using standard Petri dish assay at concentrations of 0.625-5%. The results showed that the hot aqueous extract had an absorbance ratio of 0.38, and its allelopathic activities were similar to those of the aqueous extract. Furthermore, it was found that although C-PC in aqueous extractions denatured, it still retained its allelopathic potential on the tested plants.
Pengaruh Calon Kepala Daerah Perempuan dalam Pilkada
Authors: Satriawan M. Iwan
Published: January 2022

The aims of this article is to examine the phenomenon of many female regional head as the result of the 2015-2018 election in Lampung Province.Starting from the 2015 election where one regional head and one vice regional head appeared. Then continued in 2017 and 2018, two regional heads and one vice regional head appeared. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative using secondary data from literature studies. The result obtained are the influence of the presence of women candidates in winning regional head elections in Lampung both for regents and governors. Whereas the customs of Lampung society are known as patriarchal where they hold firmly to the existence of men as the main ones in the family, especially in terms of in heritance, customary obligation etc. In contrast with the province of west Sumatera which has matrilineal culture. It means women are the main ones both in the heritance system, customs and others. However, starting from the first regional head election in 2005 to simultaneous local elections in 2018, none has resulted female regional head or their representatives at the district or provincial level. This phenomenon shows the absence of indigenous influences in the head elections, especially in Lampung Province.
Dinamika Penanganan Pelanggaran Administrasi
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Anandy Widyatmi
Published: January 2022

Bawaslu is an institution that is given the authority to resolve election / election administration violations. The nature of Bawaslu's decisions and recommendations for administrative violations must be followed up by the KPU and its officials, this is confirmed in the provisions of Article 462 of Law No. the administration issued by Bawaslu is not obeyed by the institution implementing the decision / recommendation. Identification of problems: first, what is the nature of mandatory norms in the provisions of the Election / Pilkada Law? Related to follow-up on decisions / recommendations of Bawaslu Administrative Violations? Second, how is the Compliance with the Decision / Recommendation of Administrative Violation of Bawaslu? Third, what factors influence compliance with Bawaslu Administrative Violation Decisions / Recommendations? This research is a normative juridical study with a focus on analyzing decisions / recommendations for administrative violations of Bawaslu. in this study using a statutory approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The data sources used are primary, secondary and tertiary data. The research results and conclusions. First, the "mandatory" norm in the construction of Article 462 of the Election Law and Article 139 paragraph (2) of the Election Law is imperative (order / force). Second, the KPU institutionally still has an attitude of indifference
SURVEY PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT ANAK USIA DINI DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA PURWODADI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: Sri Suharti  , Sri Wulan Sarinah , Edita izni fauziah
Published: January 2022

Prevalensi Covid-19 di Indonesia 927.380 kasus,pandemi Covid-19 bisa di cegah dengan PHBS.Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) adalah suatu kegiatan atau aktivitas mahluk hidup yang dapat di amati secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang dapat diamati oleh pihak luar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat anak usia dini  di era pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Purwodadi Kecamtan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian jenis deskriptif. Responden berjumlah 30 orang tua yang memiliki anak usia dini 4-6 tahun yang di ambil menggunakan tekhnik total sampling. Instrumen yang di gunakan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat menggunakan kuesioner PHBS dari Anhusadar.Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan 90% atau 27 responden  menunjukan baik perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat sedangkan 10% atau 3 responden menunjukan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat cukup. Gambaran perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat anak usia dini di era pandemi Covid-9 di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus tahun 2021 dalam kategori  baik. Penelitian ini bisa di lanjutkan dengan responden yang lebih banyak dan bisa di lakukan dengan responden anak usia dini secara langsung
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA TENTANG PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 DI AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN BAITUL HIKMAH BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Marliyana  , Dimas Ning Pangesti
Published: January 2022

Prevalensi Covid-19 di Indonesia 488.000 kasus, Pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang pencegahan penularan Covid-19 berkontribusi untuk memutus mata rantai Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang pencegahan penularan covid-19 di akademi keperawatan baitul hikmah bandar lampung tahun 2021. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif menggunakan teknik non random sampling dengan jumlah responden 30 mahasiswa. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi melalui google form yang terdiri dari 30 item pernyataan. Data dianalisis menggunakan rumus distribusi frekuensi. Hasil terdapat kriteria tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di akademi keperawatan baitul hikmah, baik 19 (63%), cukup 9 (30%), kurang 2 (7%) . Kesimpulan dari Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang pencegahan penularan Covid-19 di akademi keperawatan baitul hikmah bandar lampung tahun 2021 dalam kategorik baik. Saran bagi penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat melakukan penelitian lebih dalam lagi dengan tema melihat sikap atau prilaku mahasiswa tentang pencegahan penularan Covid-19
STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF CANCER ON PSYCHO-COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR: CASE OF A SAMPLE COLLECTED AT INO, RABAT, MOROCCO
Authors: Nourelhouda Aroui , Khadmaoui Abderrazak , Jaafar Nourddine Ben , Touhami Ahami Ahmed Omar
Published: January 2022

Cancer goes on to be a leading cause of death worldwide. However, Morocco has between 30,000 and 40,000 new cases of cancer each year. But only 20,000 are taken care of. They will therefore be at least 10,000 Moroccans with cancer who do not receive any treatment. Every year 7.2% of deaths in Morocco are attributed to cancer. The purpose of our study is to analyze the psychological consequences of such a disease on the person affected; this one is already confronted with various changes: image of the body, feeling of competences.

Our study was carried out on 92 cancer patients consulting the INO Rabat, (national institute of oncology). This prospective study took place during the period from May to July 2015. For data collection, we used a questionnaire with information on socio-demographic characteristics, Life Satisfaction Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Social Support Questionnaire (ssq6).

The analysis of the correlations between scores of life satisfaction, self-esteem and social support scores shows the life satisfaction test is strongly correlated with the availability social support test (r = 0.263; p <0 , 05) and the social satisfaction test (r = 0.424, p <0.001). Also, the self-esteem test is correlated with the social satisfaction test (r = 0.393, p <0.003) and the life satisfaction test (r = 0.309, p <0.021). of satisfaction tend to have familiar support or a close friend.

In light of these findings, we have noticed that patients with cancer with effective social support and satisfying self-esteem are satisfied with their lives and subsequently behave normally.
ATTITUDES TOWARDS SENIORS IN THE CONTEXT OF PREVIOUS FAMILY RELATIONS EXPERIENCE
Authors: Łukasiewicz Jacek , Kowalski Wiesław
Published: January 2022

Observation of reality shows that the attitude of today's society towards the elderly is very heterogenous and ambivalent. Both positive and negative attitudes can be observed. What is more, one can talk about attitudes of indifference and a certain social distance. The main goal of the research is to show how attitudes towards the elderly are shaped in our society and whether demographic variables such as gender, age, marital status, place of residence, or level of education differentiate these attitudes. Can we talk about the formation of certain patterns among the younger generation, which create the image of older people in adults?

The sample consisted of 1,025 people. The Scale of Attitudes towards Seniors (SPWS) by Łukasiewicz and Kowalski was administered. The entire tool consisted of 60 items divided into three scales: Respect and Support, Rejection and Misunderstanding, and Social Distance. In order to examine the attitudes of the respondents to their grandparents and their role in family life, seven self-authored statements were attached to the questionnaire.

The analysis of the obtained results shows no significant differences between positive and negative attitudes towards seniors. All attitudes are at a moderate level. The factors differentiating the intensity of attitudes were: gender, marital status, place of residence, and education level. The indicator of the development of positive attitudes towards seniors was the time spent with grandparents in the past and positive opinions about grandparents provided by parents. Earlier intergenerational relations are of no significant importance when it came to the intensification of negative attitudes.

The research confirmed the existence of heterogeneous attitudes towards seniors. However, there is no clear advantage of positive attitudes over the negative. The conclusions from the research point to the role of broadly understood education in shaping attitudes towards the elderly. In the age of an ageing society, activities that show the significance of older people for society, and what value they are for all of us, become important. The family and multigenerational relationships play a significant role here.
Photographing George Washington
Authors: Finnegan Cara A.
Published: January 2022

For most of the nineteenth century, George Washington was the visual icon of the nation, its metaphorical father figure and shaper of national character. Almost as soon as Americans started making daguerreotypes, they made daguerreotypes of George Washington. Though he died a full forty years before photography’s invention, the nation’s first president appeared in daguerreotypes of busts, painted portraits, and prints, ironically making daguerreotypes of Washington’s image some of the earliest presidential photographs. Washington was the ideal representative for daguerreotype portraiture, a kind of aesthetic touchstone for carrying the presidential image forward into the photographic age.
Handheld Photography and the Halftone Revolution
Authors: Finnegan Cara A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter brings the reader from the daguerreotype era, which ended in the 1850s, up to the end of the nineteenth century. This period included the rise of printed, reproducible photographs like the carte de visite and the stereograph; the introduction of amateur, handheld cameras (and subsequent anxieties about the “camera fiends” using them); and the so-called halftone revolution, which made it possible to print photographs directly in newspapers and magazines. This period is distinguished by the emergence of a new visual value of photography, that of timeliness.
The Portrait Makes Our President
Authors: Finnegan Cara A.
Published: January 2022

Photographic presidents are shaped by the modes of representation that dominate their era, from daguerreotype to digital. This book has shown that they are challenged by and required to adapt to new visual values that emerge at moments of photography’s technological transformations. These visual values clash with existing social and cultural norms to make presidential photography a site of tension between competing photographic values of the real and the ideal, quantity and quality, public and private, and control and interactivity. Understanding how these tensions played out over time for photographic presidents helps us to recognize how they shape our own experiences of photography as well.
Sites of Identity
Authors: Quinn Rachel Afi
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how place and identity are tied to visual culture for Dominican women, including images circulated in online spaces. The author considers the influence of Facebook, the most popular social media network among Dominican youth in 2010, as a tool for crafting virtual identities, maintaining diasporic relationships over the long term, promoting community education, and organizing movements of resistance. This chapter shows how the use of visual images online is an extension of a culture of muralism and the ways that visual culture has long been used in Santo Domingo to reinforce dominant narratives of Dominican identity and is central to a legacy of student organizing at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD).
The Camera Obscura
Authors: Quinn Rachel Afi
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines a 2013 Santo Domingo performance of Federico García Lorca’s play La Casa de Bernarda Alba by the Dominican theater collective Teatro Maleducadas and its manifestation online. Dominican women’s bodies transform the meaning of this surrealist text and its staging, while hierarchies of color hold new significance for Dominican viewers that compliment Lorca’s vision for his script and its elements of the photographic. Not only do representations of Spanish womanhood in this performance resonate but also the matriarchal violence on display equally sustains patriarchal practices in Dominican society. Insights from members of the theater collective, including award-winning director Isabel Spencer, highlight the significance of the performance, Dominican women in the arts, and the ways that various collective members make claims on blackness and Afro-Caribbean identity.
Frontiers
Authors: Stacy Jason
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 considers the significance of the 1893 World’s Fair on contemporary notions of the Midwest as representative of the nation’s future. We follow Masters to Chicago, where he worked as a lawyer with Clarence Darrow, campaigned for the perennial presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan, and failed to find an audience for his reform-focused literature. After struggling to find a venue for his writing, Masters tried to appeal to nascent modernist sensibilities exemplified by Harriet Monroe’s Poetry magazine. In Spoon River Anthology, first published in Reedy’s Mirror in 1914, Masters synthesized his memories of Petersburg and Lewistown in poetry that emulated the modernist style of younger poets like Ezra Pound and Hilda Doolittle and he found acceptance among readers of early modernist verse.
Main Street, U.S.A.
Authors: Stacy Jason
Published: January 2022

Chapter 7 traces portrayals of small towns after 1945 in terms both nostalgic and ambivalent. While films like The Best Years of Their Lives (1946), It’s a Wonderful Life (1946), All That Heaven Allows (1955), and Rebel without a Cause (1955) pitted placid surfaces against turbulent depths, nostalgia for small towns also congealed into the simulacra of Disneyland’s Main Street, USA, and open-air shopping malls, which in turn fueled high-brow critiques that echoed Van Doren’s “revolt.” Throughout, Masters’s tropes of populist, elite, and exile appeared in both ambivalent and nostalgic portrayals. By the end of the century, though the small town became untenable as a representative of the nation, Masters’s verse found a second life on Broadway and in secondary schools.
Prologue
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

To understand the major themes in Homer Rodeheaver’s life, the authors examine the highpoint of American revivalism, Billy Sunday’s 1917 campaign in Atlanta. Forced into segregated meetings during the Jim Crow era, Rodeheaver attempted to diffuse a difficult situation by organizing a mass choir from black churches, featuring spirituals and community singing. Occurring at the cusp of World War I, the meetings broadly influenced Thomas A. Dorsey, the family of Martin Luther King Jr., and the next generation of evangelicals. The moment illustrates Rodeheaver’s advocacy of black music for white congregations, but it also reveals Billy Sunday’s refusal to condemn racial segregation or the Ku Klux Klan. The tensions would continue for much of Rodeheaver’s life.
Commercial Gospel Music
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

Homer Rodeheaver came of age at a pivotal moment in the creation and marketing of American popular music, and in a city—Chicago—that was central to its success. This chapter explores developments in copyright law, royalty payments, and music licensing (including ASCAP), showing how gospel songwriters became professionals who borrowed from Tin Pan Alley business models. As radio and recorded music opened new performance revenue streams, Rodeheaver adroitly created a Christian music industry model that would emulated by many other evangelicals. The Rodeheaver Music Co. bypassed denominational gatekeepers to become the leading creator and marketer of hymnals for the evangelical Christian market. The authors detail Rodeheaver’s importance as a powerful, driving force in the popularization of gospel music.
The Mission of Rainbow Records
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

When Homer Rodeheaver established Rainbow Records in 1920, he created the first gospel music label and shaped how evangelicals would use recorded music. This chapter presents newly unearthed information about the scope and impact of his efforts, as well as his early connections to the Vaughan and Gennett labels. Rodeheaver generally ignored the emerging boundaries of black, white, and southern gospel—in 1923 he sang spirituals with the Wiseman sextet, one of the first interracial gospel sessions. He also established an early vanity label, Rodeheaver Special, producing custom-recorded sermons and musical performances, and creating controversy by pressing records for a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Whatever incongruities he may have tolerated, he described his record label as a mission, not a business.
Falling Out of Step at the Close of an Era
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

In the final decade of his life, Homer Rodeheaver enjoyed financial success and national fame, though his health and trombone playing declined precipitously. His business model for promoting gospel songs proved increasingly less effective, bypassed by a younger generation who moved gospel music from its communal roots to a popular performance idiom. Rodeheaver’s aging song catalog from the early 1900s could not keep up with the next generation of gospel music. Still, he befriended the young Billy Graham and Graham’s trombone-playing songleader, Cliff Barrows, and strongly influenced their methods for large-scale evangelistic meetings. Upon his death, the Rodeheaver Company was sold to Word Music and then a succession of music industry conglomerates which continued to profit from his gospel song copyrights.
The Post–Civil Rights Era and the Rise of Contemporary Novels of Slavery
Authors: Patton Venetria K.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the rise of contemporary novels of slavery, paying particular attention to the role of Black women writers. Although Black men wrote slave narratives, too, the works produced by Black women reflect a kind of Black speculative fiction largely cresting during the mid- to late 1990s that emphasizes the persistence and importance of Black agency, especially Black women’s agency. Moving beyond the constraints of realistic fiction, the Black speculative fiction of these Black women writers casts Black characters as actors, not just subjects, and creates literary space to address concerns related to an allegedly postracial society.
Into The Kpanguima
Authors: Maparyan Layli
Published: January 2022

The African roots of womanism can be seen in African women’s social and spiritual formations, such as the West African Sande society. Art historian Sylvia Ardyn Boone examined the social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of the Sande society in her classic book, Radiance from the Waters: Ideals of Feminine Beauty in Mende Art (1986), published well before the womanist idea was in wide circulation. Yet the Sande-originated ideas, orientations, and practices in Boone’s text help to elucidate the elusive core dimensions of womanism and demonstrate why womanism is the fruit of a distinctly African intellectual genealogy, born of African cosmology. Womanism is, then, a New World vehicle for many of the ideas and dispositions that have historically been preserved and transmitted by such African women’s social and spiritual formations. Inherent in the organization and spirit of these ideas and dispositions is a unique orientation to social and ecological problem solving, rooted in woman-gendered Africanity. This chapter explores not only the connections between the Sande worldview/praxis and womanism but also the life and work of Boone as a unique Black intellectual who made these connections possible.
Free Issues
Authors: Holden Vanessa M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on the free Black population of Southampton County, which made up around 20 percent of the county’s total Black population. Free people of color were a definitive feature of Southampton's demography in the antebellum period. Very few free people of color owned their own land, and the county’s free community of color was not concentrated into an enclave. Instead, they often lived alongside the enslaved, and their material condition was often similar. Both enslavers and whites without enslaved laborers hired free Black people for agricultural and domestic labor. Free women of color, often registered as spinsters, occupied a unique gendered labor niche that afforded them the same mobility as their enslaved counterparts. Understanding the place of free women of color in the county’s labor economy is essential to understanding their role in community-constituted resistance.
Surviving Southampton
Authors: Holden Vanessa M.
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on the court records produced by white officials after the Southampton Rebellion to excavate Black people’s resistive strategies post-rebellion. The trials of suspected rebels resulted in public executions and the removal of some enslaved men out of the state. But the record also offers a view of how African Americans—free and enslaved, adults and children—built evasive and resistive strategies even as whites wielded very real power over their lives in the courtroom, the grounds around the courthouse, and the broader county. This localized legal context in Jerusalem (now Courtland), the country seat, was one imbued with community relationships. There, at the center of civic and public life, whites built a condensed geography of surveillance and control: a geography of incarceration and punishment. At the same time, African Americans mapped new geographies of evasion and resistance. The court records offer one way to trace resistive strategies built by African Americans amid mounting oppression, violence, and loss.
Introduction Women’s Work in Film Production
Authors: Bell Melanie
Published: January 2022

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the work done by women in film production in the twentieth century. One of the common misunderstandings of women in film production is that after the pioneering days of early cinema — when women directed and headed up their own production companies — they contributed little of substance to film production until the feminist developments of the 1970s. This book challenges that view as too limiting and instead offers a fresh assessment of women and their work in the British film industry in the decades following the introduction of sound. It focuses on the six decades between 1930 and 1989, when employment in the film industry was tightly regulated by the Association of Cine-Technicians (ACT), the country's leading film union. Mapping women's work by decade, and in fiction and nonfiction filmmaking, the book examines women's economic and creative contribution to film production in the many “below-the-line” roles in which they were typically employed. It also highlights new lines of inquiry in the relationship between women and cultural production, reflects on issues of gender and creativity, and opens up fundamental questions about how we write film history.
The 1950s
Authors: Bell Melanie
Published: January 2022

This chapter evaluates the feature film industry in the 1950s. It begins by focusing on production context and women's union representation as shop stewards — within the broader social context of debates about women and work. The chapter provides an overview of women in the British film industry through union membership application data. It then turns to four complementary case studies that characterize women's work in film production during the 1950s: the production secretary, publicity assistant, paint and trace artist, and editors in the documentary sector. In a decade dominated by debate about women's place in the workforce, relative to the home, the chapter uses women's accounts to trace multiple instances of occupational autonomy and the performance of skilled labor, revealing not only how women sought out and secured avenues for professionally satisfying work but also how their careers bring into view forms of creativity that have been neglected in existing film histories.
Ethnic and Industrial Soccer
Authors: Bunk Brian D.
Published: January 2022

In 1921, a team called the Falcos joined the American Soccer League (ASL) for its inaugural season. The ASL represented the first attempt to create a major professional soccer competition after 1894. Holyoke, Massachusetts, seemed an unlikely home for a professional club. The town had neither the population of some ASL cities nor a long history of success in top-level competitions like others. The chapter uses the Falcos as a case study to reveal three major trends in the history of soccer in the early twentieth century. The area had a long history of playing soccer. The professional debut of the Falcos happened because of the steady development of the sport, especially in the 1910s. Industrial firms, including the sponsor of the Falcos, played important roles in supporting local soccer communities. Although soccer was extremely popular with certain ethnic groups, it proved unable to expand outside of these enclaves.
“We Win a Place in Industry”
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 explores the technological and social factors that contributed to the birth of the power laundry industry at the turn of the twentieth century, highlighting why the industry flourished in the urban industrial North but not in the South, where Black women continued to wash clothes by hand. Using census data and Women’s Bureau reports, the chapter demonstrates that by 1930 the power laundry had become the leading industrial employer of Black women in the United States, surpassing both the garment and tobacco trades. In New York, Chicago, and other leading centers of the industry and of the Great Migration, power laundries served as vehicles of proletarianization, enabling African American women to leave the much-despised field of domestic service and take their place, albeit on the lowest rungs of the industrial ladder. Chapter 1 highlights the complex ways in which race, gender, and migration shape urban labor markets and illuminates how Black wage-earning women balanced their income-earning needs with their desire for autonomy and dignity within a labor market narrowly circumscribed by race and gender discrimination.
Turn! Turn! Turn!
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter begins by addressing the Beatles, to whom America meant music and cowboys. Ringo Starr loved Gene Autry, while George Harrison discovered the music of Jimmie Rodgers. But it was Buddy Holly (along with Gerry Goffin and Carole King) who inspired John Lennon and Paul McCartney to start writing their own songs. In the beginning, Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison were smitten by “skiffle,” a synthesis of folk and blues that developed in the UK at virtually the same time Elvis Presley was helping create rock and roll. The Beatles' lengthy stays in Hamburg amounted to rock-and-roll boot camp, with the group playing every night for up to eight hours. The chapter then looks at Jim McGuinn and his band, the Byrds. Desperate for a hit, McGuinn thought of “Turn! Turn! Turn!,” a Pete Seeger song that he had recorded with both the Limelighters and Judy Collins. In this season of folk rock and the British Invasion, it was only natural for McGuinn to open his band's second (and last) number-1 record with the reverberating sound of the twelve-string Rickenbacker that he had bought after falling for the Beatles.
Grievous Angels
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter recounts how, to promote the album GP (released in 1973), Gram Parsons assembled a band that he called the Fallen Angels. Phil Kaufman, whom Parsons had met through the Rolling Stones, was the tour's road manager. However, the tour's opening night in Colorado was a musical mess. The album did not crack the Top 200, but it attracted influential fans. When the band played Oliver's in Boston, a young writer approached Parsons with a poem that he thought might make a good song: “Return of the Grievous Angel.” Meanwhile, by the time Joni Mitchell returned to Los Angeles from British Columbia, David Geffen's Asylum Records had released hit albums by the Eagles, Jackson Browne, and Mitchell (For the Roses). Linda Ronstadt, the sweetheart of the Troubadour, followed her hit-making years with successful albums of pop standards and Mexican folk music.
Hard- Core Troubadours
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter details how, at MCA (Music Corporation of America), Jimmy Bowen signed artists whom he might have met backstage at an Emmylou Harris show, including a trio of singer-songwriters from Texas: Nanci Griffith, Lyle Lovett, and the wild card of the bunch, Steve Earle. Earle had bounced in and out of Nashville for a decade. A singer-songwriter who grew up on rock, he cut a rockabilly record for Epic that went unreleased until his MCA debut became a hit. Since he had grown up as a fan of rock and roll, Earle made a country record that could also appeal to rockers. However, Steve Earle's drug use was flagrant by the time he was recording Copperhead Road. He wrote two songs while behind bars for drugs, the rocking “Hard-Core Troubadour” and a poignant ballad, “Goodbye.”
The “Birth” of Americana
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at Alison Krauss, who began playing classical violin at the age of five years and turned to bluegrass after winning her first fiddle contest aged eight. Krauss won her first Grammy Award for the title song of her 1990 album I've Got That Old Feeling. By 2019, she had won twenty-seven Grammys, fourteen of them with Union Station. Krauss's success was an anomaly in the relatively cloistered world of bluegrass, where the big time meant a contract with an independent label such as Rounder or Sugar Hill and gigs at the Telluride Bluegrass Festival and Merlefest, an annual roots music event in North Carolina. Festival attendees often bring their own instruments for campground jam sessions, while the pros network backstage. That was how Krauss became acquainted with Nickel Creek, a young bluegrass trio consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin) and siblings Sara Watkins (fiddle) and Sean Watkins (guitar). Krauss produced the trio's self-titled 2000 album, an influential success that, though grounded in bluegrass, also incorporated elements of jazz, classical, folk, and rock. Americana lived in this music, and the young players would become stars of the new genre.
Last Call
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter highlights the people who helped the author in writing this book. The author is grateful to the Woodstock Library and the Mid-Hudson Library System for providing a steady stream of pertinent books. Additional items were obtained from the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts. The author also offers grateful appreciation to the biographers of the principal musicians in the book, as well as other authors who gave helpful insights in broader works about country, folk, bluegrass, country rock, and songwriters. For nearly twenty-five years, the author have also had the pleasure of singing and playing with two roots-oriented Hudson Valley bands, the Comfy Chair and the Sunburst Brothers.
Bob Dylan as Composer, II
Authors: Starr Larry
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the various musical forms employed by Bob Dylan to give his songs readily understandable and appropriate musical shapes. That the simple, repetitive strophic form can function effectively and even expressively is revealed through an examination of “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right.” Strophic songs featuring prominent choruses are exemplified by “A Hard Rain’s a-Gonna Fall,” which also demonstrates Dylan’s innovative use of strophes that can vary in length, as does “Mr. Tambourine Man.” Dylan first utilized a bridge section in “Ballad of a Thin Man,” after which it became a frequent, prominent feature of his songs. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the many ways the blues has functioned as a formal point of reference for Dylan throughout his career.
Arranging an Album
Authors: Starr Larry
Published: January 2022

For many listeners today, the original sequencing of songs on LP albums, and the impact of that sequencing on the experience of albums as integrated totalities, are no longer relevant considerations. This chapter argues, however, that those considerations were important for Bob Dylan when he fashioned his LP albums, and that their importance for him has continued into the CD era. Examinations of the LP albums The Times They Are a-Changin’ and Blood on the Tracks, and of the CDs Time Out of Mind and Rough and Rowdy Ways, are presented to validate this viewpoint and to offer encouragement to listeners who wish to go beyond experiencing Dylan’s work in terms of individual songs only.
1
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 discusses the early lives of Todd Bolender and Janet Reed and how their dance careers began, through meeting people such as Edwin Strawbridge, Hanya Holm, Alexandra Danilova, and Willam Christensen and dancing with the School of American Ballet, Ballet Caravan, and the Portland Creative Theatre and School of Music and Dance.
2
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

Describes Janet Reed’s career as a dancer with the San Francisco Opera Ballet, dancing in such ballets as Coppélia and Swan
Lake, and Todd Bolender’s time with Ballet Caravan and such shows as Filling Station and Billy the Kid.
6
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

The New York City Ballet tours Britain with Janet Reed and Todd Bolender as principal dancers. Janet Reed dances with Maria Tallchief. Todd Bolender choregraphs Bela Bartók’s The Miraculous Mandarin.
10
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes Todd Bolender’s international work, including his job as artistic director of the Cologne Opera Ballet, work in Frankfurt, and re-establishing the Turkish State Ballet.
Wari in Arequipa
Authors: Jennings Justin , Reid David A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is a discussion of the history of the Middle Horizon period in Arequipa with special emphasis placed on the network of trails that spanned the coastal pampa and connected the sierra to the coast. We consider how Wari influence first moved through these trails and then how the trails continue to connect Arequipa together even as interregional connections waned. Wari influence was patchy in the region, reflecting local conditions and the particular routes that people took. Wari colonists arrived some two hundred years after this influence began, and their low numbers and the organization of their sites suggest that they were unlikely to have been associated with the conquest of the regional
Making Quilcapampa
Authors: Berquist Stephen , Gonzalez-Macqueen Felipe , Jennings Justin
Published: January 2022

This discussion introduces Quilcapampa as a location along a pampa-spanning trail that was part of the trail networks discussed in the previous chapter. We zoom into the region around Quilcapampa in this chapter, discussing the environment and history of the Sihuas mid-valley. Although connected to other valleys in the Pacific Piedmont, Sihuas was largely isolated from the rest of Peru until the ninth century when Quilcapampa was founded. The site would be reoccupied by the end of the twelfth century and would grow to become a major habitation site by the fourteenth century. We focus on the trails running into Quilcapampa in this chapter, their associated geoglyphs, and the petroglyphs located on the cliffs below Quilcapampa. These features significantly influenced the placement of the site.
Living at Quilcapampa
Authors: Jennings Justin , Rizzuto Branden , Yépez Álvarez Willy
Published: January 2022

A description of the excavations in light of the architectural divisions discussed in the previous chapter, this chapter places emphasis on the short duration of occupation and the ways in which the site was abandoned. We see in differences in the ways that people lived in the core and outlying area, differences that will be more fully explored in the material-based chapters that follow. A Bayesian analysis of the radiocarbon dates confirms our assessment from the limited occupation levels and sparse material remains: Quilcapampa was only occupied for a few decades. The chapter also details the site’s orderly abandonment that involved the filling in of doorways, the smashing of artifacts, the laying of fills, and, perhaps, the unearthing of ancestral mummies that were taken with the occupants as they left the region.
Plant Use at Quilcapampa
Authors: Biwer Matthew E. , Melton Mallory A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the plants used in Quilcapampa, especially in regards to daily subsistence. The data, recovered from the dry screening of soil samples and, to a lesser extent, starch residues, suggest a wide variety of plants were consumed at the site. Differences between sectors are explored, revealing that everyone had access to a similar suite of local products. The core’s residents, nonetheless, also maintained a diet of highland foods like freeze-dried potatoes that were prepared in certain ways. These foods, as well as drinks made from molle berries, suggest that those living in the site’s core ate a diet that linked them more closely to the diets of the Wari heartland. These core residents also appear to have taken hallucinogenic drugs that were imported from the Amazon region. The core’s access to exotica may have been important for elevating their status relative to those living in the outlying area and in the local community.
Conclusions
Authors: Jennings Justin , Álvarez Willy Yépez , Bautista Stefanie L.
Published: January 2022

Quilcapampa was a Wari site, in the sense that people from the state’s heartland arrived in Sihuas. Yet, we argue that this does not mean that Quilcapampa was a state installation staffed by administrators who lorded over a conquered region. Instead, it seemed that the founding of the site is associated with a ninth-century disruption linked to the Wari political centralization. Quilcapampa’s founders appear to have moved initially to the Peru South Coast, before departing for Sihuas after a few decades with a group of followers whose lives were organized around independent nuclear families (unlike the extended families in the Wari heartland). The Wari occupants sought to establish a host-client relationship in the valley, based, in part, on their long-distance ties. Their efforts, however, fizzled out, and the site was abandoned in little more than a generation.
Enlightened Despotism and the American Revolution
Authors: Winterer Caroline
Published: January 2022

This chapter shows that the political thought of King Frederick II of Prussia (1712–1786) influenced Americans during the revolutionary era by offering both a positive and negative example of despotic executive power. Having thrown off the monarchical rule of King George III in 1776, Americans remained unsure about which kind of executive rule would be acceptable in their new kingless republic. Widely admired by leading revolutionaries, Frederick II offered a viable and appealing example for newly republican Americans because he combined military success with a well-publicized effort to rule the people of Prussia in the name of enlightenment, whose core ideal was that human reason would lead to progress and happiness. Frederick encouraged religious freedom, educational and judicial reforms, and even some freedoms of the press. Frederick’s influence rapidly faded in the early nineteenth century after Napoleon Bonaparte’s conquests dimmed the appeal of despotism.
Liberty and Power
Authors: Zagarri Rosemarie
Published: January 2022

This essay argues that both George Washington and Mercy Otis Warren understood their experiences of the Revolutionary era through a shared discourse of classical republicanism, a set of beliefs that interpreted modern events in terms of their continuities with ancient Greece and Rome. By the time Washington became president, however, their beliefs had diverged, particularly in terms of assessing Washington’s stature as a hero in the classical republican mold. Warren, as a chronicler of the American Revolution, believed that she had remained true to the classical republican principles of virtue, honor, and self-sacrifice for the common good. She criticized Washington for having succumbed to the lure of power and fame. The difference in their gender roles contributed to the divergence in their understandings. While Warren’s anti-federalist ideals remained abstract and theoretical, Washington as president was forced to accommodate his principles to the complex realities of governing a new nation and enforcing the U.S. Constitution.
The Archaeology of Maryland Indians at St. Mary’s City and the Interactions of Cultures
Authors: Miller Henry M. , Hurry Silas D.
Published: January 2022

Although long recognized as Maryland’s first capital, the site of St. Mary’s City also holds a wealth of archaeological evidence spanning over 10,000 years of Native American life. This long record is summarized with attention focused upon the settlement called Yaocomico that was inhabited in the early seventeenth century. It was at Yaocomico that the newly arrived English colonists first came into sustained encounter with Native people. In a remarkable situation, it was negotiated that half the town was given to the settlers while the Yaocomico continued residing in the other half until the corn harvest. From this peaceful beginning, the interaction between Maryland Indians and the English is briefly traced over the next 70 years. Attention is given to the material evidence of this interaction, especially Native-made tobacco pipes that are found in quantities on English sites from ca. 1640 until about 1675. Finally, recent work on Maryland Indian sites from the late seventeenth and turn of the eighteenth century is noted.