bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Hormone-Therapy on the Sex Hormone Levels of the Women with the Fibroadenomas of the Mammary Glands, Operated by Vacuum Extraction
Authors: Карасев  , Karasev V. , Долгих  , Dolgikh V.
Published: February 2016

48 women at the age of 26,5±3,8 with the benign tumors of the mammary glands (fibroadenomas)

were operated by means of vacuum aspiration with the En‐cor apparatus (made in the USA) under the

ultrasound control. The tactics of the surgery satisfied the requirements (standards) accepted in Russia. In

the core group (II, 20 patients) low‐dose monophasic combination oral contraceptives with the ethinylastradicol

as an active ingredient at a dose of 20 mcg were prescribed for six months beginning with the 1st day of

the menstrual cycle (period) which followed the operation. In the group of comparison (22 patients) the

hormone‐therapy during the post‐operative period wasn’t carried out. The observing time after the operation

lasted in average two and a half years (the maximal duration was 3,2 years, the minimal one – 2,1 years).

For the two check points the date of the access and the sixth month after the adenomammectomy were chosen.

During this time the laboratory, breast ultrasound and the clinical forms of control of the condition of

the mammary gland and of the hormonal background were carried out. The investigation revealed the normalization

of the background of the female and the male sex hormones after the adenomammectomy by

means of the aspiration method. It was characteristic for the women to whom the hormone‐therapy after the

adenomammectomy was prescribed that the changes with them were maximal. Apart from the normalization

of the general hormonal background of these women there were also some signs of a significant reduction

in the risk of recurrence and the development of new fibroadenoma of breast.
Changes of Vascular Endothelium Adhesive Properties in Patients with Chronic Generalized Slight Periodontitis During the Treatment
Authors: Жданова  , Zhdanova O. , Широков  , Shirokov V. , Говорунова  , Govorunova T.
Published: February 2016

The article presents the description of the changes in the concentrations of pro‐inflammatory

cytokines and soluble forms of selectins and immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules in patients

with chronic generalized slight periodontitis. Serum concentrations of interleukin‐1‐β, tumor necrosis factor‐

α, soluble forms of P‐ and E‐selectins, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1), vascular adhesion molecules

(VCAM‐1) and platelet‐endothelial adhesion molecules (PECAM‐1) in healthy subjects and patients

with slight periodontitis before and after treatment were assessed. It was found that the serum concentration

of sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, sP‐, sE‐ selektins and pro‐inflammatory cytokines are increased in patients with

chronic generalized periodontitis. The increase of serum concentration of soluble forms of selectins is expressed

more significantly than sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1. There are no statistically significant changes of serum

sPECAM‐1 in the examined group of patients in comparison with control. Complex therapy, including

etiological and pathogenetic treatment, is completely normalized the concentration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines,

and soluble forms of studied endothelial adhesion molecules in patients with chronic generalized

slight periodontitis. All the studied parameters in patients with chronic generalized slight periodontitis after

treatment are in the range of the control group variability.
The Influence of External Factors on the Morbidity of Military Personnel
Authors: Гуревич  , Gurevich K. , Каражелясков  , Karazhelyaskov O.
Published: February 2016

In the article the authors characterize the relevance of the study of morbidity in military personnel

with acute respiratory diseases, as well as the study of their risk factors and causes. The purpose is to

assess the impact of external factors on the morbidity of military personnel at the call. The object of the study

is the incidence of internal troops of the Ministry of internal Affairs of the Russian Federation from 2012 to

2014 in accordance with changing weather conditions. 62 soldiers living in the barracks were evaluated. A

large significance of the temperature factor on acute diseases and on ʺdelayed morbidityʺ communityacquired

pneumonia was established by means of factor analysis. It was shown the impact the cubic capacity

of the air in the barracks and the dryer temperature for clothing on the high incidence of communityacquired

pneumonia hygienic conditions in the barracks. It was revealed the significant correlation with features

of service on protection of a public order.
Comparative analysis of intragastric and subcutaneous of ammonium molybdate administration on renal functions in conditions of hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Брин  , Brin V. , Меликова  , Melikova E.
Published: February 2016

The aim of experiments was to study the effect of hypocalcaemia on renal function changes in

intragastric and subcutaneous administration of ammonium molybdate. The experimental hypoparathyroidism

was modeled by removal of parathyroid glands in narcotized and immobilized rats by electrotermocauter

under thiopental anesthesia. 30 days after the operation calcium concentration in blood was measured

and individuals with most severe hypocalcaemia were selected. Ammonium molybdate was introduced

intragastrally and subcutaneously at a does of 50 mg |kg daily for 30 days. Studies showed that subcutaneous

administration of molybdenum on the background of hypoparathyroidism was associated with more

severе renal impairment. Spontaneous urine output increased as a result of the oppression of the relative

tubular reabsorption of water, while the glomerular filtration rate decreased. Protein excretion was increased

in all groups with the introduction of ammonium molybdate with respect to baseline values, but the most

severe proteinuria was noticed in the group with subcutaneous administration of ammonium molybdate in

the background parathyroidectomy. Excretion of all studied cations (potassium, sodium, calcium) with urine

increased. Histology of the kidneys revealed more pronounced signs of nephropathy.
Porcine xenograft treatment of superficial partial-thickness burns in paediatric patients
Authors: Burkey B. , Davis W. , Glat P. M.
Published: February 2016

Objective

Porcine xenograft (PX) has become a valuable part of the armamentarium of treatment options in a US paediatric burn centre. The use in adult patients has been well described in the burn literature, but there is minimal literature describing its use in children. The objective of this article is to describe a three-years' experience with PX use in paediatric burns.

Method

A retrospective medical record review of patients with superficial partial-thickness burns treated with PX admitted to a paediatric burn centre between February 2009 and November 2012.

Results

A total of 164 patients met the inclusion criteria. Burn total body surface area (TBSA) ranged from 0.5% to 28%. After the placement of PX, significant decreases were seen in the need for narcotic analgesics and burn dressing changes. Only four of 164 patients (2.4%) developed infections, although only one of these infections was at the site of the xenograft.

Conclusion

PX appears to reduce pain and eliminate the need for procedural intravenous sedation in many patients. This can make burn wound care more child-friendly and shorten hospital length of stay. The complication rate is low and manageable. The authors believe that PX is an effective and safe treatment for superficial partial-thickness burns in children.

Declaration of interest:

P. M.Glat, is a paid consultant and speaker for Mölnlycke Health Care, the manufacturer of EZ Derm.
Ein Blick auf Coachingprozesse – Die Interventionen des Coachs, dargestellt und analysiert mittels des KaSyCo-C
Authors: Deplazes Silvia , Schwyter Sandra , Möller Heidi
Published: February 2016

Obwohl in den letzten Jahren einige Forschungsarbeiten zu Coaching entstanden sind, bleibt unklar, was Coachs im Coachingprozess eigentlich tun. Mittels Videos von neun Coachingprozessen, geführt von sechs Coaching-Expert/innen, wurde induktiv ein Kategoriensystem der verwendeten Interventionen entwickelt, welches matrixartig die Interventionsformen und inhaltlichen Foki der Intervention darstellt.

Es zeigt sich, dass Coachs knapp die Hälfte der gesamten Coachingdauer zuhören und je knapp 20 % reflektieren oder Fragen stellen. Es werden hauptsächlich geschlossene, gefolgt von offenen und deutlich weniger spezifischen Frageformen wie die Zirkulären oder Hypothetischen Fragen gestellt.

Den Inhalt der Interventionen betreffend zeigt sich ein heterogenes Bild. Am häufigsten fokussieren die Interventionen das Erleben und Verhalten der Klient/innen gefolgt von dem Fokus auf das Klientensystem.
Counterintuitive physics questions and their effect on student achievement
Authors: Balta Nuri , Moğol Selam
Published: February 2016

One way to arouse student interest and curiosity about course content is to enable students come across with counterintuitive problems. Counterintuitive physics problems (CIP) are those that yield solutions away from students' expectations or away from students' predictions. This research has investigated the effects of CIP questions on physics achievement at high school level. In this experimental study, pretest-posttest design, with control group, was used. The research, in which three randomly defined groups of student participated, was performed at an International School in Uzbekistan. During the 6-week study with 48 students, one group received the strategy instruction while the other two groups acted as control groups. In this study, teaching with CIP questions and traditional instruction methods were used. At the beginning of the research, a physics achievement test (Cronbach's Alpha = .88) and counterintuitive physics problems related to Newton's laws were developed. Groups were compared with the data gathered by post-tests. The lessons carried out along with CIP questions have been found more interesting and was more effective on physics achievement.
Ion-exchange membranes in chemical synthesis – a review
Authors: Jaroszek Hanna , Dydo Piotr
Published: February 2016

The applicability of ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) in chemical synthesis was discussed based on the existing literature. At first, a brief description of properties and structures of commercially available ion-exchange membranes was provided. Then, the IEM-based synthesis methods reported in the literature were summarized, and areas of their application were discussed. The methods in question, namely: membrane electrolysis, electro-electrodialysis, electrodialysis metathesis, ion-substitution electrodialysis and electrodialysis with bipolar membrane, were found to be applicable for a number of organic and inorganic syntheses and acid/base production or recovery processes, which can be conducted in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. The number and the quality of the scientific reports found indicate a great potential for IEMs in chemical synthesis.
Analysis of the dynamics of laser induced plume propagation from liquid matrix using fast photography
Authors: Fan Xing , Xiao Jian , Hu Guang-Zhou , Zhao Yun-Peng , Kang Shi-Gang , Lu Jin-Li , Fan Hong-Ru
Published: February 2016

Glycerol, a liquid matrix material for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, was irradiated by a tunable pulsed infrared laser at wavelengths of 2.80 μm, 2.94 μm, 3.10 μm and 3.50 μm, covering the OH and CH stretch vibrations. A fast photography system was introduced to analyze the dynamic process of plume propagation induced by laser ablation up to 1000 μs of the delay time. Propagation distance of the plume front was measured and the corresponding velocities were calculated; they varied with the wavelength and decreased with the delay time. At the tunable wavelength of the peak of the OH absorption (3.0 μm), theoretical calculations indicate that energy deposition from the pulsed laser is in the regime of stress confinement. The mode of energy deposition depends on the wavelength of the OH vibration and its distance from the absorption maxima. However, stages after a 10 μs delay at various wavelengths show a certain similarity in the distance of plume propagation, which can be well fitted by a drag model.
Magnetoelectric Alternator
Authors: Petrov R. V. , Kolesnikov N. A. , Bichurin M. I.
Published: February 2016

The article is devoted to researching the practical application of the magnetoelectric effect for the development of energy harvesting devices, in particular for the design of magnetoelectric synchronous generator. The energy harvesting devices are designed to provide by the energy of remote or nonvolatile electronic devices that don’t require the high power consumption. General dimensions of the generator were as follows: diameter of 12 cm, thickness of 2.4 cm. The model of generator comprising eight ME elements with dimensions of one element of 40×10×0.5 mm at the frequency of the alternating magnetic field of 38 Hz provides the output constant voltage of 1.12 V and current of 3.82 microamps. Variable voltage before the rectifier was of 1.7 V. Total generated power was of 4.28 µW. The studies of resonant and non-resonant mode of ME element were carried out. Resonance mode of ME element provides a much greater output power. Designed generator can be applied in the construction of wind power sets, hydrogenerators, turbogenerators and other power generation equipment.
Coordinated Action of Fast and Slow Reserves for Optimal Sequential and Dynamic Emergency Reserve Activation
Authors: Salkuti Surender Reddy , Bijwe P. R. , Abhyankar A. R.
Published: February 2016

This paper proposes an optimal dynamic reserve activation plan after the occurrence of an emergency situation (generator/transmission line outage, load increase or both). An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency situation, using coordinated action of fast and slow reserves, for secure operation with minimum overall cost. This paper considers the reserves supplied by generators (spinning reserves) and loads (demand-side reserves). The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval in an integrated manner is proposed. The simulation studies are performed on IEEE 30, 57 and 300 bus test systems to demonstrate the advantage of proposed integrated/dynamic reserve activation plan over the conventional/sequential approach.
Challenges and Present Fields of Action at Laser Scanner Based Deformation Analyses
Authors: Holst Christoph , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: February 2016

Due to improved laser scanning technology, laser scanner based deformation analyses are presently widespread. These deformation analyses are no longer based on individual points representing the deformation of an object at selected positions. Instead, they are based on a large number of scan points sampling the whole object. This fact either leads to challenges regarding metrological aspects as well as regarding modeling aspects:
Rate of energy release and crack initiation directions for laminated composites
Authors: Dutta Debasish
Published: February 2016

Controlling the mechanical behavior of composite materials and structures under monotonic and dynamic loads for damage is a vast and complex area of research. The modeling of the physical phenomena of different characteristic behavior of a composite material during deformation plays an important role in the structural design. Our study aims to analyze numerically the energy release rate G of a composite laminated plate glass/epoxy cross [+α, α] in the presence of a crack between two circular notches in effect several parameters such as fiber orientation α, the orientation of the crack orientation β, γ considered two circular notches and the effects of several parameters.
Genossenschaftliche Mikroversicherungen als Mittel zur Bewaltigung von Krankheitsrisiken in Entwicklungslandern -Potential und Forderansatz
Authors: Radermacher Ralf
Published: February 2016

Mikroversicherungen sind Risikomanagementangebote für Geringverdiener. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die komparativen Vorteile, die genossenschaftlichen Mikroversicherungen aufgrund der genossenschaftlichen Prinzipien erwachsen. Ebenso werden Beschränkungen aufgezeigt, die dieser Ansatz aufweist, und auf diese mit einem holistischen Förderansatz geantwortet.
Leistungen der Genossenschaftsverbande fiir das Risikomanagement von Primargenossenschaften
Authors: Blome-Drees Johannes , Peters Jasper , Degens Philipp
Published: February 2016

In der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird untersucht, welche Beiträge Genossenschaftsverbände für die Identifikation, Analyse und Handhabung von Unternehmungsrisiken angeschlossener Primärgenossenschaften leisten können.
Stellenwert von Partizipation in kooperativen Formen des Risikomanagements in Entwicklungsgesellschaften - eine Analyse anhand von Mikrokrankenversicherungen
Authors: Leppert Gerald , Müller Verena
Published: February 2016

Partizipation gilt als Schlüssel zu erfolgreichem kooperativen Risikomanagement und ist gleichermaßen ein grundlegendes Merkmal von Genossenschaften als Selbsthilfeorganisationen. Als Analyseraster von Partizipation wird ein Konzept der potentiellen Bereiche und möglichen Intensitäten sowie der realen Auswirkungen in Risikomanagementorganisationen vorgeschlagen. Dieses Konzept wird beispielhaft anhand empirischer Nachweise genossenschaftlich organisierter Mikrokrankenversicherungen dargestellt und mit Leben gefüllt.
Anforderungen und Ausgestaltung von Unternehmensbewertungen bei der Verschmelzung von Genossenschaften
Authors: Fink Susanne
Published: February 2016

Unternehmensbewertungen erscheinen geeignet, um sie bei Genossenschaftsverschmelzungen sowohl zur exante Beurteilung einer Verschmelzungsstrategie als auch insbesondere zur Ableitung eines im Sinne des Umwandlungsgesetzes als angemessen einzustufenden Umtauschverhältnisses einzusetzen. Denn über die Bildung wertbasierter Umtauschverhältnisse können vermögensmäßige Konsequenzen eines Zusammenschlusses für die Mitglieder offen gelegt und damit eine unwissentliche, vermögensmäßige Schlechterstellung vermieden werden.
Genossenschaftsuntreue
Authors: Krüger Matthias
Published: February 2016

§ 266 StGB dient als Lückenfüller für anrüchige Verhaltensweisen im Wirtschaftsverkehr, soweit es an einer speziellen Strafnorm mangelt. Rechtsprechung und Schrifttum überbieten sich gegenseitig an Äußerungen zu § 266 StGB. Eine herausgehobene Stellung nimmt dabei die Untreue zu Lasten von juristischen Personen des Zivilrechts ein. An Beiträgen zur Genossenschaft mangelt es dagegen. Dies verwundert bei der Flut an Stellungnahmen und entspricht darüber hinaus nicht der (wachsenden) Bedeutung der Genossenschaft im Wirtschaftsleben. Diese Lücke möchte der vorliegende Beitrag schließen.
Konzern- und Beteiligungsstrukturen von Agrar-, Waren- und Dienstleistungsgenossenschaften in Deutschland
Authors: Lengsfeld Stephan , Müller Dominik , Roland Zieseniß
Published: February 2016

Viele Genossenschaften haben sich von kleinen Gemeinschaftsunternehmen zu zum Teil weltweit agierenden Konzernen entwickelt. Die dabei entstandenen Strukturen, mit denen in Deutschland ansässige Genossenschaften agieren, sind sehr heterogen. Dieser Artikel soll zum einen grundlegende Konzern- und Beteiligungsstrukturen von Genossenschaften in Deutschland systematisieren. Zum anderen soll ein Überblick über derzeit vorliegende Beteiligungsstrukturen gegeben werden.
Wohnungsgenossenschaftliche Kooperationen
Authors: Mändle Markus , Wagner Ina
Published: February 2016

Auf die zunehmenden Herausforderungen des Wohnungsmarktes reagieren Woh­nungsgenossenschaften mit vielfältigen Kooperationsmodellen. Dabei handelt es sich um hybride Organisationsformen mit typischerweise regionaler und heterarchischer Netzwerkstruktur. Es lassen sich grundsätzlich horizontale, vertikale und konglomerate Formen der Kooperation unterscheiden, die vielfältige Ansätze zur Steigerung der Leistungs- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Wohnungsgenossenschaften bieten. Der fol­gende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über diese Kooperationsformen und beleuchtet deren Erfolgsfaktoren anhand von ausgewählten Praxisbeispielen.
Übersicht über die Rechtsprechung zum GenG des Jahres 2010
Authors: Förstner-Reichstein Heike
Published: February 2016

Die Rechtsprechungsübersicht des Jahres 2010 berücksichtigt wie gewohnt in erster Linie Urteile der Zivilgeriehte zum Genossenschaftsgesetz (GenG). Im Gegensatz zu den letzten Jahren, in denen sieh Gerichte auffällig oft mit genossenschaftsspezifisehen Problemen in der Insolvenz der Mitglieder zu beschäftigen hatten, nehmen nun die Probleme in der Insolvenz der Genossenschaft zu.
Übersicht über die Rechtsprechung zum GenG des Jahres 2011
Authors: Förstner-Reichstein Heike
Published: February 2016

Die Rechtsprechungsübersicht des Jahres 2011 berücksichtigt wie gewohnt zuvorderst Urteile der Zivilgerichte zum deutschen Genossenschaftsgesetz (GenG). Auffällig ist, dass Tätigkeiten der Vorstände und der Aufsichtsräte der Genossenschaften im Vergleich zu den letzten Jahren eine untergeordnetere Rolle spielen. Die Streitigkeiten mit den Mitgliedern, insbesondere in der Insolvenz der Mitglieder, nehmen hingegen zu.
Innovative Geschäftsmodelle italienischer Genossenschaften als Antwort auf Sparkurs und Reformen
Authors: Kiesswetter Oscar
Published: February 2016

Genossenschaftliche Unternehmen reagieren in Italien mit verstärkter Innovation auf die Reform- und Sparpolitik, mit der die Regierung den Staatshaushalt sanieren will. Dabei ergeben sich durchaus interessante neue Ansätze und Tätigkeitsbereiche, aber auch auffallende Parallelen zu den Entstehungszeiten der italienischen Genossenschaftsbewegung.
Die Genossenschaft als Nachfolgemodell bei Klein- und Mittelunternehmungen in der Schweiz
Authors: Taisch Franco , Troxler Tizian
Published: February 2016

Obschon erfolgreiche Praxisfälle bekannt sind, wird die Genossenschaft bei der Unternehmensnachfolge kaum berücksichtigt. Ausgehend von den Besonderheiten der genossenschaftlichenRechtsformdes SchweizerischenObligationenrechts zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag thesenartig Konstellationen auf, die für die Genossenschaft als Nachfolgeoption sprechen.
Einrichtung einer Compliance-Stelle – Von der Planung über die Umsetzung bis hin zur Erfolgskontrolle
Authors: Metz Matthias , Kreuziger Volker , Otterbach Dirk
Published: February 2016

Mit der 4. MaRisk-Novelle vom 1. Januar 2013 hat die Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht die internationalen Regulierungsvorhaben, insbesondere die EBA Guidelines on Internal Governance. umgesetzt. Institute haben seither eine Compliance-Funktion ein­zurichten (AT 4.4.2 der 4. MaRisk-Novelle). Der Beitrag möchte aufzeigen, welche Bausteine eine wirksame Corporate-Compliance-Organisation aufweisen sollte und wie diese umge­setzt werden können. Schließlich werden mögliche Erfolgskontrollen für die Wirksamkeit einer Corporate-Compliance-Organisation vorgestellt.
Welchen Sinn sehen kleinere Genossenschaften in der Genossenschaftsprüfung? Qualitative Exploration der Meinungsbilder
Authors: Rybnikova Irma , Lange Sarah
Published: February 2016

Die genossenschaftliche Pflichtprüfung wird einerseits als Garant der wirtschaftlichen Stabilität von Genossenschaften angesehen, andererseits auch durchaus kritisch in der Öffentlichkeit und Politik diskutiert. In der vorliegenden explorativen Studie analysieren wir Ergebnisse qualitativer Interviews mit den Entscheidungsträgern aus fünf Genossenschaften in Bezug darauf, welchen Sinn sie der genossenschaftlichen Prüfung zuschreiben. Zwar problematisieren die Befragten die Kosten der Pflichtprüfung, schreiben ihr aber auch die Funktion der Legitimitätsherstellung für das genossenschaftliche Agieren zu.
Die Errichtung von Zustimmungsvorbehalten zugunsten des Aufsichtsrats
Authors: Fett Torsten , Heuser Elisabeth
Published: February 2016

In der Beratungspraxis ist zuletzt vermehrt die (vermeintlich geklärte) Frage aufgetreten, wie Zustimmungsvorbehalte zugunsten des Aufsichtsrats einer Genossenschaft errichtet werden können. Anders als in der Aktiengesellschaft lassen sich derartige Bestimmungen genossenschaftsrechtlich nicht einfach durch den Aufsichtsrat festlegen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Warengenossenschaft, unter welchen Voraussetzungen die Einräumung von Zahlungszielen beim Warengeschäft unter einen Zustimmungsvorbehalt des Aufsichtsrats gestellt werden kann.
Soil physical properties and sugarcane root growth in a red oxiso
Authors: Baquero José Euripides , Ralisch Ricardo , Medina Cristiane de Conti , Tavares Filho João , Guimarães Maria de Fátima
Published: February 2016

Sugarcane, which involves the use of agricultural machinery in all crop stages, from soil preparation to harvest, is currently one of the most relevant crops for agribusiness in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to investigate soil physical properties and root growth in a eutroferric red Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico) after different periods under sugarcane. The study was carried out in a cane plantation in Rolândia, Paraná State, where treatments consisted of a number of cuts (1, 3, 8, 10 and 16), harvested as green and burned sugarcane, at which soil bulk density, macro and microporosity, penetration resistance, as well as root length, density and area were determined. Results showed that sugarcane management practices lead to alterations in soil penetration resistance, bulk density and porosity, compared to native forest soil. These alterations in soil physical characteristics impede the full growth of the sugarcane root system beneath 10 cm, in all growing seasons analyzed.
Portfólio: uma opção de avaliação integrada para o ensino de Ciências
Authors: Nascimento Lucilene Aparecida e Lima do , Rôças Giselle
Published: February 2016

Este estudo objetiva apresentar o portfólio como um instrumento viável para integrar avaliação e aprendizagem no ensino de Ciências. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no âmbito de duas escolas públicas estaduais no Rio de Janeiro, onde alunos elaboraram seus portfólios de avaliação a partir de atividades pedagógicas diversas. Assumidos o viés metodológico da pesquisa-ação e uma abordagem qualitativa na análise dos dados, concluiu-se que, embora a marca da avaliação tradicional tenha sido ainda encontrada nos discursos dos alunos, não há como negar que eles estão permeados pela concepção da avaliação integrada ao ensino-aprendizagem. A utilização do portfólio como instrumento de avaliação ainda é considerada uma novidade pedagógica, mas pode e deve ser empregado como instrumento de avaliação no ensino de Ciências, pois se mostrou possível e bem-sucedido quanto à sua implementação.
Estrategias para mejorar las prácticas de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los materiales y los procesos para el diseño de productos en Colombia
Authors: Ayala G. Camilo , Patiño S. Luis
Published: February 2016

Mediante la implementación de métodos creativos y de selección de materiales, apoyo bibliográfico actualizado y bases de datos de primer nivel, se presentan en este artículo dos aproximaciones académicas de dos Universidades Colombianas para la enseñanza de los materiales y procesos de manufactura para el diseño de productos, en las áreas de Diseño Industrial e Ingeniería de Diseño de Producto. A partir de varias estrategias, se le permite al estudiante experimentar y comprender perceptivamente los diferentes atributos y propiedades de un material y sus posibles procesos de transformación, construyendo un conocimiento colectivo que en el mediano plazo le posibilite innovar en el diseño de los productos a través de los materiales.
Diseño de orientación gráfica en el museo: usuarios, interfaz y experiencia.
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Fabio Nelson
Published: February 2016

El museo es un lugar de educación no formal y por lo tanto, la manera en que aprenden los visitantes no está descrita en programas o rutas pedagógicas. No obstante, debe programarse tanto la forma de acceder a sus servicios como la de llegar a los conocimientos, convirtiéndolo en un sistema de comunicación.Orientar es dirigir o encaminar a alguien o algo hacia un lugar. En el museo, orientar es programar las condiciones adecuadas para que los visitantes puedan acceder a los servicios y los conocimientos, tratados como mensajes. La distancia tácita entre los visitantes – receptores – y el equipo de trabajo del museo – emisor – demanda el diseño de dispositivos que permitan la comprensión de los mensajes y el uso del espacio. La interfaz aparece como un espacio donde se articula la interacción entre el cuerpo humano, la herramienta, el servicio o el conocimiento y el objeto de acción o actividad.
El diagrama, método del diseño entre el dibujo, la pintura, el cine y la informática
Authors: Pérez Oscar Mauricio
Published: February 2016

El artículo presenta una aproximación en diversas dimensiones a la idea de diagrama como proceso que señala el camino entre etapas del proceso de diseño, señalando el campo abierto en la historia del mismo por el papel que cumpliera en diferentes momentos de la historia general de la arquitectura.
Desde una perspectiva hermenéutica – interpretativa, busca dar herramientas que permitan utilizar el diagrama como modelo para la producción de objetos de cultura, mediando entre la virtualidad de lo pensado y la concreción de lo realizado en diseño.
En esta perspectiva, concluye con una propuesta pedagógica para la inclusión del diagrama en procesos de enseñanza – aprendizaje.
La complementariedad de la razón
Authors: Romero Espinel María Nathalia
Published: February 2016

Edgar Morin es definido como un aventurero intelectual dada su obra que se compone de conceptos antagónicos y a su vez complementarios: la aventura evoca a la pasión y el intelecto a la razón. El pensador francés define el pensamiento complejo partiendo de la epistemología, ya que a través del estudio del conocimiento, abarca la ciencia e intenta explicar las dinámicas del universo como un proceso complejo. Busca entender la mente humana mediante un método nuevo de pensamiento, en el cual se compone y se comprende la naturaleza y la sociedad con su cultura, tradiciones y razas, y también, el razonamiento que se encuentra en ella. Se precisa de una relación con los conceptos y un ordenamiento de ellos; para un orden tiene que haber antes un desorden, y cada uno depende del otro para existir, pues el mundo se comprende como un sistema entrelazado de conceptos que se contraponen, pero que uno depende del otro. El pensamiento complejo, según Morin, intenta integrar el pensamiento reduccionista que propone entender el todo a través de la mínima expresión de cada parte, con el pensamiento holístico, el cual plantea el entendimiento de un todo general, ya pues, el pensamiento complejo unifica estos dos conceptos para lograr un mejor entendimiento. En esencia, la trama del pensamiento complejo se enfoca en contextualizar y globalizar, pero al mismo tiempo reconocer la singularidad y lo concreto del mundo y sus componentes, para así, comprender la naturaleza, la sociedad, reorganizar la vida humana y buscar soluciones para la humanidad contemporánea, que es la unión de modernidad, tradiciones, culturas, razonamientos y elementos biológicos que componen su entorno.
The Future of Manufacturing in Resource-rich Economies: How mining could generate jobs and competitiveness beyond extraction of ore
Authors: Pauli Gunter
Published: February 2016

The drive towards higher levels of productivity forces companies to pursue economies of scale, manufacturing standardized products in higher volumes at ever lower marginal costs. However, whenever an entrepreneur or an established business in a resource rich exporting country attempts to build a company, macro-economic conditions often render agricultural and industrial activities uncompetitive. Countries with rich mineral reserves and part of broad free trade zones are particularly affected by the globalized economy, where increased demand for raw materials pushes up commodity prices, which increase export revenues that strengthen the local currency against the dollar. A strong local currency driven by ore exports and direct foreign investments turn imports cheaper. This leads to a de-industrialization, or the impossibility to ever build an industry, and adversely affects agriculture that is dependent on overseas markets. This phenomena is known as the “Dutch Disease”. It affects large commodity exporting nations like Colombia. Article written by Prof. Gunter Pauli founder of ZERI and designer of The Blue Economy in preparation of the lecture at the Banco de la República (Colombia) held 7 february 2013 in the National Library Luis Angel Arango Auditorium, Bogotá, Colombia. The only way to respond to these adverse marcoeconomic effects of commodity driven export strategies is to change the business model of the mining industry. Evolving mining from a core business, focused on the extraction of ores and the export thereof, to a clustering of mining, agriculture and manufacturing using all available resources of the mine, from land to energy and waste like rock refuse and tailings. The design of a positive response strategy to social challenges like artisanal mining, combined with securing a cluster of businesses around mining could reverse de-industrialization. Better, this could create an economy that remains vibrant after the mining operations have exhausted their resources. At first sight, the process of clustering industries and social needs have no relation. However this proven strategy that is now subscribed to by leading global corporations adds value and jobs, while strengthening each competitive position in every core businesses generating growth in the country. This article describes the new business model for mining in the concrete setting of Colombia and explains how it will result in sustainable growth, while industrializing and strengthening agriculture in emerging markets, and deliver ecosystem services.
Learning and adaptation as conservation practices in resilient traditional socio-ecological systems: The Elder Brothers of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Gelves Gómez Francisco Felipe
Published: February 2016

A history of interaction between traditional social communities and the environment forms a relationship that can be understood by examining these interactions through the theory of complex systems. The process of interaction not only develops knowledge applicable to traditional agriculture or hunting and gathering but also promotes conservation practices. This paper examines the socio-ecological system established between the traditional inhabitants of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and its ecosystem. It establishes theoretical foundations through literature review of topics such as learning and knowledge development, resilience and conservation management of socioecological systems. Traditional indigenous communities of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta continually adapt and learn from their environment reinforcing their conservation customs. Further analysis of the social-environment relationship elicits a description of a robust traditional socio-ecological system. A system resilient to outside pressures and environmental change through active conservation.
Integrated farming system for the foothill-regions of Colombia – Ariporo System (A.S.)
Authors: Forero Buitrago Gonzalo Alberto
Published: February 2016

Abundance of sun, wind and water (provided by equatorial regions) causes agriculture, energy and carbon sequestration to be unique in terms of Productive conditions in Colombia. This natural productivity yields land areas rich in biodiversity due to the high rates of efficient solar energy conversion and water, feeding macro and micro organisms, fauna and flora. This potential is wasted through the current use of extensive livestock production, which is inefficient in the conversion of solar energy into biomass. This article presents an adaptation of farming techniques applied to the seasons as well as to the foothill ecosystems of Colombia in order to exploit such natural resources without negative impact to the environment including the conservation of an endangered animal species.
Calidad Biológica de las Aguas Superficiales de la cuenca del Río Apulo
Authors: Liévano-León Arturo
Published: February 2016

La calidad biológica de las aguas superficiales de la cuenca del río Apulo, se estableció con base en los valores del sistema BMWP para las comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentónicos presentes en la cuenca. Se establecieron quince estaciones de muestreo teniendo en cuenta la estructura de la cuenca hidrográfica y la ubicación de los centros urbanos como posibles fuentes de contaminación. Se realizaron dos campañas de muestreo: una en la época de aguas altas y otra en la de aguas bajas, buscando cubrir así un periodo hidroclimático completo en la cuenca. Los resultados obtenidos indican un alto deterioro de la calidad de las aguas que vierte la cuenca del río Apulo al río Bogotá. Así mismo, se analiza la situación de los principales afluentes del río Apulo, como son el río Curi y el río Bahamón.
Evaluation of cervicovaginal smear results at postmenopausal period
Authors: Kelekci Sefa , Destegül Emre , Gençdal Servet , Ekmekçi Emre , Aydoğmuş Hüseyin , Özdemir Orçun
Published: February 2016

This study evaluates the statistical analysis of cervicovaginal smear results at postmenopausal period accompanied by literature. Cervicovaginal smear results of 894 postmenopausal women were evaluated retrospectively according to the 2001 Bethesda system (BS) in Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic from 2007–2010. The study found, normal results on 287 patients (32.1%), benign findings on 556 patients (62.2%), abnormal epithelial cell changes on 48 patients (5.36%) and malignant changes on 3 patients (0.33%). The abnormal epithelial changes were observed to be atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) for 22 patients (2.46%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) for 11 patients (1.23%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) for 7 patients (0.78%), findings that cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) for 6 patients (0.55%) and atypical glandular cells-not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS) for 2 patients (0.22%). Malignant results were 2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (0.22%) and 1 adenocarcinoma (ACC) (0.11%). Cervical cancer screening programs should be expanded and Pap smear screening should be applied to all postmenopausal women. The longer time span involved from premalignant lesions to cancer improves our chance for the diagnosis and treatment. As the incidence of invasive cancer increases in menopausal period, gynecological smear examination and regular check-up are crucial. A high rate of abnormalities of epithelial cells was detected in this study.

 
Reaktualisasi Jihad Fî Sabîl Al-Lâh Dalam Konteks Kekinian Dan Keindonesiaan
Authors: Chirzin Muhammad
Published: February 2016

Some moslems perceive the concept of jihad simply on the perspective of political ideology. Jihad is understood as fight againts external enemies. This leads to the meaning of jihad as a struggle using the power of weapon (war) againts the enemy of Islam. This makes it contraproductive for Indonesian moslems who live in pluralistic society.

Therefore, reinterpretation of the meaning of jihad is urgently needed to get a more contextual meaning in accordance with the Indonesian moslems circumtances. Refering to the classical literatures, the meaning of jihad, can be corrected to be more conceptual and practical. Jihad should contain a concept of collective struggle to overcome the actual problems faced by moslems such as economy, law, and education.
Laskar Jihad In Maluku 2000-2002: A Collective Obligation
Authors: Nurhayati Sitti Sani
Published: February 2016

Tulisan ini menjelaskan salah satu kelompok Islam yang dalam beberapa hal dikaitkan dengan terorisme di Indonesia, yaitu Laskar Jihad (LJ). Ia merupakan bagian kelompok militan yang terlibat dalam konflik sektarian di Ambon dan Poso di era 1990-an. LJ didirikan pada bulan Januari 2000 sebagai respon ketidakmampuan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengatasi konflik di Ambon. Kelompok ini juga tampil ke muka seiring dengan munculnya era keterbukaan kebebasan politik saat itu.

Kajian dalam tulisan ini menemukan bahwa LJ secara esensial lebih merupakan respon internal umat Islam Indonesia terhadap konflik yang tengah berlangsung, daripada merupakan bagian dari gerakan jihad internasional. Oleh karena itu, kecurigaan tentang keterkaitannya dengan al-Qaeda merupakan hal yang tidak beralasan. Pada kenyataannya, LJ adalah produk yang lahir dari kondisi spesifik di Indonesia serta ketidakmampuan pemerintah dalam mengatasi konflik keagamaan.
Reinterpretasi Konsep Fî Sabîl Al-Lâh Sebagai Ashnâf Zakat
Authors: Wafiroh Ani
Published: February 2016

The term jihad fi sabîl al-Lâh is often used to refer to physical war in the path of God. The word, as it is derived from the Qs. al-Tawbah (9): 60, in fact connotes specific and general meanings. The specific meaning of it commonly found in classical ulema’s interpretation is related to the war. This interpretation is based on historical evidence and supported by the literal meaning of Qur’an and the hadith. But such a meaning is now criticized and regarded as going beyond the conceptual boundary of jihad in Islam.

This article seeks to explore the general meaning of the term in the works of classical and contemporary Muslim scholars, aimed at offering a more contextual meaning. It shows that the term does not always necessarily mean the physical war in the name of God or religion, but it can be meant as education, human welfare, and social development.
Legalitas Agama (Tahaqquq Al-Adyân) Perspektif Ibn ‘Arabî
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis
Published: February 2016

Ibn ‘Arabî is one of the prominent and authoritative thinkers on Islamic mysticisms. Among his starting and brilliant ideas is the unity of religions (wahdah al-adyân), one of the fundamental ideas of religious pluralism. The supporters of pluralism expose his opinion on the unity of religions intensely and consider any religions valid and true.

This article examines further Ibn ‘Arabî’s thought on pluralism. Through critical analysis on his works, I find that positioning his thought on pluralism issue is a partial understanding of his complete views on such topic.

The unity of religions as described by Ibn ‘Arabî is a system of belief which is closely related to the Prophetical tradition and not merely based on the speculative assumption of human-being. He formulated a parameter—to see whether a religion is true or not—which contains three principal dimentions: the divinity, prophecy, and devotion.
Matinya Kepercayaan Agama
Authors: Wahid Abdul
Published: February 2016

Otoritas agama sebagai pembawa kedamaian, keberkahan, dan kesejahteraan bagi umat manusia dewasa ini semakin digugat. Kalangan filosof telah memberi preseden bagi gugatan itu. Agama dianggap tidak lagi sejalan dengan kehidupan modern yang rasionalistik.[1] Nietzche, misalnya, dengan statemen “God is dead”-nya, menggugat agama dan kepercayaan umat manusia sebagai sesuatu yang sama sekali tidak menolong kehidupan dan karenanya ditinggalkan oleh para penganutnya. Karl Marx melihat agama hanyalah sekumpulan mitos-mitos metafisik yang meninabobokan dan seringkali menjadi alat untuk melegitimasi berbagai praktik penindasan sehingga agama tidak ubahnya candu bagi kehidupan. Pandangan skeptis terhadap agama terus berkembang mengikuti mainstreammodernitas. Agama kemudian dibenturkan dengan rasionalisasi cara pandang terhadap segala aspek kehidupan, dan itu seringkali berakhir dengan keterpojokan posisi agama. Pada tataran filosofis, gugatan terhadap agama terjadi karena agama terkikis sedikit demi sedikit pijakan argumentatifnya oleh serbuan rasionalisme modern. Sementara pada tataran sosiologis, agama digugat karena kehilangan elan vitalnya sebagai entitas pembangunan masyarakat di satu sisi dan keterlibatannya yang intens dalam berbagai praktik penindasan, konflik, dan kekerasan.
Pencarian Otentisitas Islam Liberal Di Indonesia
Authors: Tahir Masnun
Published: February 2016

In the contemporary Islamic discourse in Indonesia, an Islamic movement initiated by a group of young muslim intelectuals emerged which offered a new paradigm in comprehending Islamic doctrines. The movement naming itself Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) carrys some jargons of modern life like pluralism, tolerance, inclussivism, freedom of thought, and human rights.

Through sociological approach, this article shows that JIL has played a significant role in dinamizing Islamic discouse in Indonesia. JIL proposed the “individualism” of Islamic thought; it is called “individual autonomy” in Berger and Luckman’s term, and “Islamic liberalism” in Binder and Kurzman’s one. Some methodologies applied by JIL in promoting its ideas are ijtihad freedom, hermeneutics, reactualization of Islamic doctrines, and “al-muhâfazhah ‘alâ al-qadîm al-shâlih wa al-akhdzu bi al-jadîd al-ashlah”.
Menolak Pornografi: Memberdayakan Perempuan
Authors: Mulia Siti Musdah
Published: February 2016

When people listen to the word pornography, what they have in their imagination is a sexy woman that can arouse sexual desire. Some people perceive pornography and women are interrelated and unseparable. If pernography is then correlated with moral degradation, consequently women are claimed to be the axis of demoralization. Thus, the problem is how to prevent the women from moral degradation, if needed by limiting their rights through constitution. To support the idea they use religious teachings based on the interpretation of Islamic scholars. Normatively, by intensive observation, it is found out that Quranic verses and the tradition of the Prophet are on the side of women

Therefore, pornography cannot be stopped merely by discriminating and limiting the rights of the women. What has to be done is providing the women with knowledge and awareness of sex by strengthening the function of family and giving sex education responsibly.
Studi Komparatif Konsep Ketuhanan Islam dan Agama Adam pada Komunitas Samin
Authors: Rosyid Mohammad
Published: February 2016

One of the problems that disturb the harmony between religious communities is a lack of understanding of the majority (mainstream) religion about the local religion, and vice versa. This article aims to develop such inter-religious understanding by comparing between Islam and the religion of Adam, a local religion of Samin community. The comparative study was made within the scope of the concept of God in both religions. This study found that the understanding between Islam the religion of Adam about the concept of God is essential in common. God called Allah (in Islam) and Yai (in the religion of Adam) are equally perceived as condescendent, an only single power, and the Almighty. Both communities also share Adam as the first man in the world. So, it is not proportional if the public ridicule Samin community with atheist stigma.
Mencerna Akar Filsafat dalam Islam
Authors: Arrauf Ismail Fahmi
Published: February 2016

Philosophizing by philosophers is logical, independent, systematic, radical, and universal thinking on anything. Researchers have long been interested in investigating Islamic Philosophy, as a branch of science that develops later and commonly known as one rooted from Greece. This paper then aims at investigating the extent Islamic Philosophy interconnects with Greek Philosophy as well as their differences. Methods employed at this research are identifying Qur’an verses on Philosophy, and enriching them to reviews of related literature. Important findings are Islamic Philosophy is mainly derived from Qur’an values, its interconnectedness with Greek Philosophy does not mean it is integrated, and apart from different views on Philosophy, arguments where Qur’an reveals values of Philosophy is highlighted.