bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Daya Tahan Rumah Tangga Petani terhadap Kekeringan di Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Sayaka Bambang , Wahida NFN , Sudaryanto Tahlim
Published: April 2020

English
External shock, such as drought, affects agricultural performance. Farmers External shock, such as drought, affects agricultural performance. Farmers should be resilient to external shock such that they keep producining or reducing risks amid climate uncertainty. This study was conducted in East Java and West Nusa Tenggara in 2016. Objectives of the study were: (a) to get data and information on drought affecting agricultural sector, especially, food crops and horticulture; (b) to estimate rice and chili farmers’ resilience to drought; and (c) to assess government policy performance and impacts related measures dealing with drought. The measurement method is the resilient index modified from the vulnerability index. In 2015 drought took place in most provinces in Indonesia and affected food yield ranging from lower yield to dried-up. Chili farmers’ resilience were better off than that of rice farmers in delaing with drought. The government tried to deal with drought through some effective actions, such as early warning to farmers, irrigation water allocation, Climate Field School, and water pump aid. Anticpatory and responsive measures are necessary such that drought impacts could be minimized.

Indonesian
Gangguan eksternal seperti kekeringan sangat mempengaruhi kinerja sektor pertanian. Petani harus mempunyai daya tahan menghadapi gangguan eksternal agar tetap mampu berproduksi atau mengurangi risiko ditengah ketidakpastian iklim. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Nusa Tenggara Barat pada tahun 2016. Tujuan penelitian adalah: (a) memperoleh data dan informasi tentang fenomena kekeringan sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi sektor pertanian, khususnya pangan dan hortikultura; (b) mengukur daya tahan petani padi dan cabai terhadap dampak kekeringan; dan (c) mengetahui berbagai kinerja dan dampak kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengatasi kekeringan. Metode pengukuran dengan indeks daya tahan yang dimodifikasi dari vulnerability index. Pada tahun 2015 kekeringan melanda berbagai daerah di Indonesia menyebabkan hasil panen berkurang hingga puso. Daya tahan petani cabai umumnya lebih baik dari petani padi dalam menghadapi kekeringan. Pemerintah telah berusaha menanggulangi kekeringan antara lain dengan peringatan dini kepada petani, alokasi air irigasi, Sekolah Lapang Iklim, maupun bantuan pompa air. Tindakan antisipatif dan responsif perlu dilakukan agar dampak kekeringan dapat diminimalkan.
PALEOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WESTERN UNITED STATES NONMARINE OSTRACODS DURING THE EOCENE–OLIGOCENE TRANSITION: THE EARLY OLIGOCENE FAUNAS OF THE RENOVA FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN MONTANA
Authors: ANTONIETTO LUCAS S. , PARK BOUSH LISA E. , PLOTNICK ROY E. , STIGALL ALYCIA L.
Published: April 2020

The Renova Formation is a Paleogene sedimentary sequence from southwestern Montana that was deposited in a more extensive basin dominated by mid- to high altitude streams and small-lake paleoenvironments. The sediment infill was dissected during the Miocene–Pliocene into the remnants currently observed in several places, including the Upper Ruby River valley, Medicine Lodge valley and Horse Prairie. Ostracods from these early Oligocene strata belong to five genera of the suborder Cypridocopina: Amplocypris?, Candona (including the species Candona rangliensis? and Candona sp. aff. Candona ohioensis), Cyprois, Eucypris, and Paracypridopsis?. These ostracods, capable of producing drought-resistant eggs, likely inhabited fairly stable small lakes, characterized by arboreal surroundings reminiscent of forests in highland regions that were buffered against the drastic climatic variations of the late Eocene–early Oligocene transition (EOT) during the Eocene–Oligocene climatic deterioration. Further south, climatic change during the EOT, coupled with volcanic events, impacted the establishment of long-lasting, highly diverse ostracod faunas in lowland areas. The Upper Ruby River, Medicine Lodge and Horse Prairie early Oligocene deposits in southwestern Montana may have acted as refugia for Eocene ostracod genera that became extinct elsewhere or represented Lazarus taxa that would later diversify during the Miocene.
Uso da internet: análise do relacionamento entre tipos de atividades, fatores de rejeição e condições
Authors: Mota Flavio Perazzo Barbosa
Published: April 2020

O objetivo principal do trabalho foi explorar o relacionamento entre gênero, idade e escolaridade e os tipos de atividades e fatores de rejeição ao uso da Internet. Por meio de revisão de literatura e dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Centro de Estudos sobre as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (CETIC) foi possível verificar que esses aspectos sociodemográficos representam fonte incompleta para entendimento do uso da Internet. Do ponto de vista de práticas de gestão e de políticas públicas, sugere-se a necessidade de repensar a forma com que o fenômeno de uso da Internet deve ser enquadrado. Ou seja, entende-se necessário focar em aspectos cognitivos.
The study of court-ordered forensic psychiatric evaluations for offenders with schizophrenia with homicide charges in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Hui-Yi , Chou Yu-Ching , Chang Hsin-An , Kao Yu-Cheng , Yeh Hui-Wen , Yeh Chin-Bin , Huang San-Yuan , Chiang Wei-Shan , Tang Li-Yao , Tzeng Nian-Sheng
Published: April 2020

Background: Homicidal offenders with schizophrenia who went through psychiatric evaluations are a small but significant group during criminal appeal. However, studies regarding the criminal responsibilities of homicide offenders with specific psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia were rare. Our aims are to explore as to whether the types of crime, such as homicide or not would be related to the verdicts for the alleged offenders with schizophrenia in Taiwan, since our hypothesis was that homicide cases, rather than other alleged offenses, would be more likely to be regarded as no responsibility (legal insanity) or diminished responsibility for those defendants, in the forensic psychiatric evaluation opinions or the court verdicts. Methods: A retrospective comparison of the homicide offenders with the non-homicide offenders with schizophrenia, registered between December 2000 and November 2009, was conducted in the web-based, national, open access court verdicts databank. Results: There were 33 (3.4%) in 9,691 criminal homicide offenders that had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. There were 33 in the homicide group and 22 in the non-homicide group. Among these defendants in the homicide group, three (9.09%) were regarded as legal insanity, and 21 (63.64%) were regarded as diminished responsibility, in comparison to the zero (0%) as legal insanity and nine (40.91%) as diminished responsibility in the non-homicide group (p = 0.029). In addition, the group with multiple evaluations tended to receive forensic psychiatric opinions as legal insanity (N=3; 33.33%), and the group with single evaluation tended to receive forensic psychiatric opinions as diminished responsibility (N=16; 66.67%) (p = 0.017). The group with multiple evaluations tended to be ruled as legal insanity in the court (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Homicide cases would be more likely to be regarded as legal insanity or diminished responsibility for the defendants with schizophrenia, in the forensic psychiatric evaluation opinions or the court verdicts.
Treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in a 60-year-old kidney transplant recipient – last-chance antibiotics and phage therapy
Authors: Rostkowska Olga Maria , Międzybrodzki Ryszard , Miszewska-Szyszkowska Dorota , Górski Andrzej , Durlik Magdalena
Published: April 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Predictive factor for bone cement implantation syndrome in osteoporotic femoral neck fracture undergoing cemented hip arthroplasty: a retrospective review of 142 cases
Authors: Chulsomlee Kulapat , Prukviwat Sasichol , Kulachote Noratep , Sirisreetreeux Norachart , Thamyongkit Sorawut , Tuntiyatorn Panithan , Vasaruchapong Satetha , Sa-ngasoongsong Paphon
Published: April 2020

Background: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a serious and potentially fatal complication in cemented hip arthroplasty (CHA). Although previous studies have identified patients at risk for BCIS, few studies have reported on the association between BCIS and perioperative surgical factors in patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture (OFNF) undergoing CHA. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of BCIS and its related outcomes, correlating between BCIS and perioperative surgical factors in these patients. Methods: A single-centred, retrospective study was conducted between 2015 and 2018 with patients who sustained OFNF and underwent CHA. Perioperative data and BCIS-related outcomes were reviewed using electronic database and telephone interview. BCIS grading was classified according to the Donaldson classification. All patients were allocated into 2 groups: Group A (BCIS grade 0 or 1: BCIS-gr0/1) and Group B (BCIS grade 2 or 3: BCIS-gr2/3). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictive factors for BCIS-gr2/3. Results: A total of 142 OFNF patients were included. The prevalence of BCIS-gr2/3 was 6.4% (n=9). Group B showed a significantly higher major complication rate than Group A (44.4% vs. 8.3%, respectively, p<0.01). The in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates in Group B were also higher than in Group A, but non-significantly different (p=0.12 and p=0.32, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that preinjury non-ambulatory status (odds ratio [OR] 11.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–131.8, p=0.04), arrhythmia (OR 5.65; 95% CI, 1.13–28.93, p=0.04) and shape-closed femoral stem type (OR 9.78; 95% CI, 1.65–57.80, p=0.01) were the significant independent predictors for BCIS-gr2/3 in these patients. Conclusion: BCIS in OFNF patients undergoing CHA is common and associates with a high major perioperative complication rate. The patients at risk for BCIS-gr2/3 are those with poor preinjury ambulatory status, those with an underlying cardiac arrhythmia, and those whose CHA procedures use a shape-closed femoral stem design.
Digitized subwavelength surface structure on silicon platform for wavelength-/polarization-/charge-diverse optical vortex generation
Authors: Cao Xiaoping , Zhou Nan , Zheng Shuang , Gao Shengqian , Zhu Yuntao , He Mingbo , Cai Xinlun , Wang Jian
Published: April 2020

Optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have recently attracted increasing interest for providing an additional degree of freedom for capacity scaling in optical communications. The optical vortex generator is an essential component to facilitate OAM-enabled optical communications. Traditional devices face challenges of limited compactness, narrow bandwidth and first-order OAM modes. Here, using the direct-binary search (DBS) optimization algorithm, we design, fabricate and demonstrate a digitized subwavelength surface structure on silicon platform for wavelength-/polarization-/charge-diverse optical vortex generation. It features an ultra-compact footprint (~3.6×3.6 μm 2 ) and ultra-wide bandwidth (1480-1630 nm), supporting two polarizations and high-order OAM modes (OAM +1 , OAM -1 , OAM +2 , OAM -2 ) with high purity of ~90%. The mode crosstalk matrix is measured in the experiment with favorable performance. When generating x-pol. OAM +1 , x-pol. OAM -1 , y-pol. OAM +1 and y-pol. OAM -1 , the crosstalk of the worst case is less than -14 dB. When generating OAM +1 , OAM -1 , OAM +2 and OAM -2 , the crosstalk between any two OAM modes is less than -10 dB, and the lowest crosstalk is about -17 dB. The wavelength-/polarization-/charge-diverse optical vortex generator enables the full access of multiple physical dimensions (wavelength, polarization, space) of lightwaves. The demonstrations may open up new perspectives for chip-scale solutions to multi-dimensional multiplexing optical communications.
Solid-state fermentation of corn by-products mixture feed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Lactobacillus plantarum and protease for improving protein quality and nutrient utilization
Authors: Su Weifa , Wang Cheng , Hao Lihong , Jiang Zipeng , Wang Tenghao , Zhang Tingzhou , Lu Zeqing , Wang Fengqin , Wang Yizhen , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2020

Background: Corn germ meal (CGM) and corn gluten feed (CGF) are two main corn by-products (CBs) obtained from corn starch extraction. Due to their high fiber content, low protein content and severe imbalance of amino acid, CBs are unable to be fully utilized by animals. In this study, the effect of microorganism, proteases, temperature, solid-liquid ratio and time on nutritional properties of CBs mixture feed (CMF) was investigated with the single factor method and the response surface method to improve the nutritional quality and utilization of CBs. Results: Fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and neutral protease notably improved the nutritional properties of CMF under the fermentation conditions of 37 °C, solid-liquid ratio ( 1.2:1 g/mL ) and 72 h. The crude protein (CP) and trichloroacetic acid soluble protein (TCA-SP) in fermented CMF (FCMF) were increased（ P < 0.05）by 14.28% and 25.53%, respectively. The in vitro digestibility of CP and total amino acids of FCMF were significantly improved to 78.53% and 74.94%, respectively. In addition, fermentation degraded fiber and provided more organic acids in the CMF. Conclusions: Our results suggest that solid-state fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Lactobacillus plantarum and protease can efficiently improve protein quality and nutrient utilization of CMF.
Comparison of tongue coating removal methods: A preliminary study with a systematic review
Authors: Funahara Madoka , Nakamura Akari , Inho Soh , Honda Hiromi , Kojima Yuka , Soutome Sakiko , Umeda Masahiro , Hikiji Hisako
Published: April 2020

Background

It is known that tongue coating is one of the main causes of halitosis, as well as various diseases such as aspiration pneumonia. However, no method for removing tongue coating has been established.
Materials and methods

We first performed a systematic review of 32 papers that compared the effects of multiple tongue coating removal methods. Next, we conducted a preliminary, randomized controlled trial on the effect of three disinfectants on tongue cleaning. Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to the following four groups; 1) benzethonium chloride group (BC group), 2) povidone iodine group (PI group), 3) hydrogen peroxide group (HP group), and 4) tap water group (TW group). Tongue cleaning was performed using a toothbrush with the 4 test drugs, and the number of bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue before and after tongue cleaning was measured using the Rapid Oral Bacteria Quantification System.
Results

The systematic review suggested that, 1) mechanical tongue cleaning reduced the tongue coating, 2) some antibacterial mouthwashes reduced the tongue coating, and 3) some diets, chewing gums and tablets also reduced the tongue coating. The randomized controlled trial showed that the number of bacteria decreased significantly when tongue brushing was done using povidone iodine and hydrogen peroxide solution, while, 0.2% benzethonium chloride and tap water did not decrease the bacterial count.
Conclusions

Tongue brushing with povidone iodine or hydrogen peroxide is the most effective method of reducing the bacterial count of tongue coating.
Trial Registration

The study was registered in the University Hospitals Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), UMIN000038544 on November 11, 2019: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043924.
Research on pneumonia exacerbation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Yang Ling , Tang Yan-Ping , Chen Guo-Xi , Wang Lin , Lan Xing , Ji Chen , Li Xiao-Pan , An Ye , Zhang Di , Zeng Guang-Wang , Wang Ya-Ling , Huang Yang-Yang , Cai Yu-Yang , Huang Hai
Published: April 2020

Background

SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia occasionally exacerbates to critical condition that is hard to manage. We aim to describe exacerbations of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia among inpatients.
Methods

We included confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients with pneumonia exacerbation admitted to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Hubei Province, China between January 6 and February 17, 2020 and discharged or died before February 25. Their demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, CT manifestations, complications and clinical outcomes were collected.
Results

A total of 158 patients were collected, among them 107 patients were stable and discharged after recovery, 24 patients were already critically severe at hospital admission. 14 patients were excluded for insufficient clinical data. Eventually, 13 confirmed cases were included. The mean age was 65 (± 9.81) years. Ten of the 13 (76.9%) patients were female. Nine (69.2%) had underlying comorbidities. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms (12/13, 92.3%). 10/13(76.9%) patients had their exacerbation in the second week of disease course. All patients had both negative and positive nucleic acid test (NAT) results during the course. Increased range of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on CT imaging are consistent to disease exacerbation. ARDS, MODS, respiratory failure were found in 5/13(38.5%), 3/13(23.1%), 6/13(46.2%) patients respectively. Five (38.5%) patients did not survive.
Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia exacerbations often occurs in the second week of disease course. Negative NAT result could not exclude exacerbation. CT manifestation is consistent with disease progression. Early admissions have positive effects on reducing complications and mortality.
Determining the reasons for unmet medical needs in Korea: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Ha In-Hyuk , Jung Boyoung
Published: April 2020

Background: Unmet medical need which are indicators used globally to assess healthcare accessibility is a condition in which no satisfactory method of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment exists. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors related to unmet medical needs among Korean adults. Methods: We used a retrospective cross-sectional study design. This nationwide-based study included the data of 26,598 participants aged 19 years and older, obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2013–2017. Using multiple logistic regression models, we analyzed the associations between factors that influence unmet medical needs and participants’ subgroups.Results: Despite Korea’s universal health-insurance system, we found that in 2017, 9.5% of Koreans experienced unmet needs. In the young adult group, men had a higher odds ratio of experiencing unmet medical needs compared to women (Males: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.35-2.48; Females: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12-1.81). ). In particular, unlike men, women’s unmet medical needs increased as their incomes decreased (1Q OR = 1.55, 2Q OR =1.29, 3Q OR=1.26). Men and women showed a tendency to have more unmet medical needs with less exercise, worse subjective health state, worse pain, and a higher degree of depression.Conclusions: In conclusion, unmet medical needs contributing factors included having a low socioeconomic status, high stress, severe pain, or severe depression. Considering our findings, we suggest improving health-care access with low socioeconomic status.
Factors contributing to discrepant estimated glomerular filtration values measured by creatinine and cystatin C in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kawano Mitsuhiro , Nakashima Akikatsu , Horita Shigeto , Matsunaga Takahiro , Inoue Ryo , Zoshima Takeshi , Mizushima Ichiro , Hara Satoshi , Ito Kiyoaki , Fujii Hiroshi , Nomura Hideki
Published: April 2020

Background This study aimed to clarify the factors underlying the discrepancy that has been noted between estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) measured using serum creatinine (Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (CysC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify those patients whose renal function should be evaluated using CysC.Methods We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, disease activity, radiological grading, and co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia) in 238 RA patients. eGFR using serum creatinine (eGFR-Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) were calculated using the new Japanese coefficient-modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. To clarify the cause(s) of differences of 20% or more between the two eGFRs, we divided our RA patients into Group A (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC ≥ 1.2), with eGFR-Cr more than 20% higher than eGFR-CysC, and Group B (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC < 1.2), and compared various clinical parameters between them.Results Forty-five patients (18.9%) were assigned to Group A, and 193 (81.1%) to Group B. Group A were older (73.8 ± 12.5 vs 63.2 ± 13.6 years), and had a longer disease duration (17.7 ± 14.0 vs 10.4 ± 9.5 years), lower body mass index (BMI) (20.0 ± 2.9 vs 22.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2), higher frequencies of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (55.6% vs 30.1% and 35.6% vs 11.0%, respectively), higher DAS28-ESR (3.1 ± 1.3 vs 2.6 ± 1.0), lower hemoglobin (Hb) (11.8 ± 1.8 vs 12.8 ± 1.4 g/dl), lower creatine kinase (CK) (63.9 ± 36.0 vs 92 ± 79 IU/L), higher frequency of Steinbrocker stage 4 (46.7% vs. 15.3%), and a lower frequency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) use (13.3% vs 30.6%), all significantly (p < 0.01) by a univariate analysis. BMI (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.675–0.996), Hb (OR 0.633, 95% CI 0.433–0.926), CK (OR 0.773 per 10 units, 95% CI 0.644–0.933), NSAID use (OR 0.099, 95% CI 0.020–0.494), diabetes mellitus (OR 6.024, 95% CI 1.508–24.390) and stage 4 Steinbrocker radiological grade (OR 10.309, 95% CI 2.994–35.714) were identified as independent relevant factors for Group A by a multifactorial analysis.Conclusion Renal function in RA patients with low BMI, diabetes, anemia and low CK may be overestimated using eGFR-Cr alone, and such patients need to be evaluated using eGFR-CysC.
Cognitive tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Authors: Dunalska Anna , Janik Piotr , Szejko Natalia , Jakubczyk Andrzej
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is characterized by motor and vocal tics. Cognitive tics (CTs) have been rarely recognized as part of GTS symptomatology and their prevalence and associates have not been systematically investigated.
OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to assess the incidence and clinical associations of CTs in a group of patients with GTS.
METHODS

We examined 227 consecutive GTS patients aged 5–50 years old (78.4% males). The median duration of GTS was 4 years (IQR: 3–7) in children and 18 years (IQR: 12–23) in adults. The patients were evaluated for GTS and comorbid mental disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5. CTs were defined as brief, sudden, recurring involuntary thoughts, analogous to typically recognized complex vocal tics and diagnosed during the interview. Correlations between CTs and clinical variables were evaluated in two analyses, lifetime and current. Children and adult groups were compared.
RESULTS

Lifetime CTs were reported by 48 patients (21.1%), in 33 of the cases at the time of evaluation. The median age at onset of CTs was 13.5 years (IQR 9.3–16). Five mental phenomena were evaluated: echolalia (n = 17), coprolalia (n = 16), palilalia (n = 13), counting (n = 11), repeating of words in mind (n = 7). In the multivariable analysis of lifetime CTs, tic severity (p = 0.025) and significant social skill problems (p = 0.050) demonstrated correlation, while for current CTs only tic severity (p = 0.028) and anxiety disorder (p = 0.028) remained significant. In logistic regression model for age groups, in children only age was a factor significantly associated with lifetime CTs (p = 0.033), whereas in adults there were no statistically significant associations with lifetime CTs. For current CTs, none of the variables reached statistical significance in children, while only anxiety disorder was a predictor of current CTs in adults (p = 0.018).
CONCLUSIONS

CTs are a part of tic spectrum with a substantial impact of comorbid psychiatric disorders. CTs are a late and age-related symptom of GTS.
The impact of antenatal care on child mortality in Ethiopia: a difference-in-differences analysis
Authors: Oduse Samuel , Zewotir Temesgen , North Delia
Published: April 2020

Background This article examines the impact of antenatal care on child health outcome. We specifically investigated if women visits to antenatal care services has a positive effect in the reduction of under-five mortality. Methods We employ a difference-in-differences design with propensity score matching to identify direct causal effects of antenatal care on under-five mortality based on the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data of 2011 and 2016. Our sample includes 22 295 women between the ages of 14-49 years who have at least one antenatal care visit before delivery (treatment group) or had no antenatal care visit before delivery (control group). Results The study revealed 1 481 cases of reported under-five mortality. 83.7% of that is by women who never had any antenatal care visit while the remaining 16.3% are by women who had at least one antenatal visit during their pregnancy. Antenatal care visit decreases the likelihood of under-five mortality in Ethiopia by 29% (CI = 1.3-56%, P= 0.04). Conclusions To achieve significant reduction in under-five mortality rate, Intervention programs that encourages antenatal care visits should be considered. This will improve child survival and help in attaining sustainable Development Goal target.
A novel Swollenin from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 exhibits cellulase activity and enhanced cellulase hydrolysis towards various substrates
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Wang Yuan , Brunecky Roman , Yao Bin , Xie Xiangming , Zheng Fei , Luo Huiying
Published: April 2020

Background

Swollenins are present in some fungal species involved in the biodegradation of cellulosic substrates. They appear to promote a rearrangement in the network of non-covalent interactions between the cell wall polysaccharides, thus making it more accessible for degradation by hydrolytic enzymes. Here, we have reported a detailed characterization of a recombinant swollenin with respect to its disruptive activity on cellulosic substrates and synergistic effect with cellulases.
Results

In the present study, a novel swollenin gene Tlswo consisting of an open reading frame encoding 503 amino acids was identified from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and successfully expressed in Trichoderma reesei and Pichia pastoris. Similar to other fungal swollenins, TlSWO contained a N-terminal family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM1) followed by a Ser/Thr rich linker connected to expansin-like domain which includes a family 45 endoglucanase-like domain and group-2 grass pollen allergen domain. TlSWO demonstrated disruptive activity on Avicel and displayed a high synergistic effect with cellobiohydrolases, enhancing its hydrolytic performance up to 132%. The activity of TlSWO on various substrates and biomass was also examined. It was shown that TlSWO could release reducing sugars from lichenan, barley β-glucan, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) and laminarin. The specific activity of TlSWO towards the substates above is 9.0 ± 0.100 U/mg, 8.9 ± 0.100U/mg, 2.3 ± 0.002 U/mg and 0.79 ± 0.002 U/mg respectively. Moreover, TlSWO exhibits maximum activity at pH 4.0 and 50 ℃.
Conclusion

This study reported on a novel swollenin with highly efficient for biomass conversion. It also reveals the functional diversity of swollenin with activity on various substrates. Although the exact mechanism of swollenin catalytic action activity still remains unknown, the functional diversity of TlSWO makes it a good candidate for industrial applications.
Motivational Interviewing to Improve Self-efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Management
Authors: Maslakpak Masumeh Hemmati , Parizad Naser , Ghahremani Amir , Alinejad Vahid
Published: April 2020

Background

Self-efficacy predicts adherence to treatment in patients with diabetes. Motivational interviewing could be a promising intervention to increase the patients’ motivation to follow therapeutic recommendations. The present study aimed to assess the effects of motivational interviewing on self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes management.
Methods

This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was conducted on 60 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were members of the Bukan Diabetes Association in Iran. The patients were selected using a random number table and were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. Five motivational interviewing sessions (30–45 minutes) were held for the intervention group (two sessions per week). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the diabetes management self-efficacy scale (DMSES). Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 14.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results

Sixty patients entered the analysis. A significant difference was observed in the mean score of diabetes management self-efficacy between the two groups before and after the intervention (P = 0.014). The mean score of self-efficacy in diabetes management was increased significantly in the intervention group after MI (P = 0.001).
Conclusions

Motivational interviewing improved self-efficacy in diabetes management. Thus, this approach is recommended to be used in patients with type 2 diabetes in order to increase their self-efficacy.
Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Pregnant Women In Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tesfay Gebrehiwet , Deekonda Karthik , Paramasivam Ragul , Muthupandian Saravanan
Published: April 2020

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common form of vaginitis which causes abnormal vaginal discharge in woman of childbearing age, which predispose to various gynecological and obstetric problems. In Africa sub-continent, the prevalence of BV among pregnant women is different among different countries. This review aimed to show the overall prevalence and to describe the different risk factors associated with BV among pregnant women in Africa. Methods: PubMed, Medline, science direct, Google scholar and other relevant databases were searched from January 2008 to December 2018. Article retrieval and screening was done using standard procedural steps and strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. The total articles included in this review were 31 and cumulative prevalence was drawn from each country. Results: This review addressed the prevalence of BV and its associated risk factors among pregnant women and its associated risk factors conducted in 31 eligible studies from 15 different countries of Africa, in which most of the studies were from Nigeria 22.6% (7/31), Kenya 16% (5/31) and Ethiopia 13% (4/31). Samples from a total of 19,354 pregnant women 4795 were positive for BV with the overall prevalence of 24.8% (4795/19,354), and the highest cumulative prevalence was reported from two studies conducted in more than two countries (1113/2349, 47.4%). Fifteen out of 31 articles or studies (48.4%) are significantly associated with different risk factors. Out of the 15 articles 33.3% (5/15) of the associated risk factors are HIV followed by age and previous BV/STI (20%). Conclusion: The prevalence of BV among pregnant women was different in all regions of Africa with the pooled prevalence of 24.8%. HIV infected pregnant women and sexually active women (mostly in the age group of 20-30 years) were at high risk for BV and in some studies reported BV positive women are also at high risk of acquiring HIV infection.
Main challenges in utilization of the consultations services of hospital ethics committees: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim , Moosavi Mir Sajad Seyyed , Hajizadeh Alireza
Published: April 2020

Background : To responding ethical issues in clinical practice, hospital ethics committees (HEC) provide the ethics consultation for healthcare professionals. There are numerous challenges in the consultations services of HEC that can impact healthcare professionals and patients, families in the health care setting. This review aimed to identifies main challenges in utilization the consultations services of HEC and proposed possible solutions.Methods : This systematic review was conducted through searching electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest and Embase. Inclusion criteria included studies related to the purpose of the review, publish in English language, were published in a peer-reviewed journal, from 2000 to 2019 and clearly defined the design, method and results of study. Studies selection, quality assessments, data extraction and analysis were completed on all included studies by two researchers independently. Quality assessment was based on the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) checklist. Finally, thematic analysis method was used to analyses the data.Results : The search originally yielded 1204 articles and 6 of these included to evidence analyses. After analyses the included studies, challenges were categorized in 9 themes: (a) personal views and believes in healthcare professionals, (b) sense of fear in the healthcare professionals, (c) medical culture, (d) environmental factors, (e) managerial and structural factors, (f) characteristics of HEC members, (g) factors related to HEC, (h) problematic process for HEC consultations, and (i) weakness in knowledge about HEC. Accordingly, proposed solutions were organized according to five themes of reforms in the HEC executive processes, creating the appropriate communications, developing awareness about HEC, improving the competences of HEC members, and (e) supporting from HEC consultations.Conclusions : This review highlights that proposed solutions serve as instances of strategies that attempted to solve challenges related in utilization the consultations services of HEC by healthcare professionals.
A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS – UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DO MÍNIMO EXISTENCIAL
Authors: MARQUES Ana Carolina
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a interferência do judiciário na implementação de políticas públicas que visam a efetivar direitos fundamentais. A despeito de a escolha de políticas públicas ser de atribuição do executivo, por meio de um juízo de conveniência e oportunidade, que leva em conta as necessidades prioritárias da população e os recursos orçamentários, o judiciário, entre suas atribuições constitucionais, tem o dever de proteger os direitos fundamentais tanto no aspecto negativo (não violação) quanto no aspecto positivo (efetiva prestação). Ademais, a sociedade brasileira, a qual se mostra seriamente debilitada, uma vez que, de um lado, temos o patente déficit das políticas públicas na concretização de direitos básicos (como saúde, educação fundamental, moradia etc), e, de outro, um orçamento fartamente comprometido com os gastos públicos, busca cada vez mais a justiciabilidade desses mesmos direitos. É com base nisso, portanto, que este artigo defende a efetivação dos direitos sociais fundamentais que compõem o mínimo existencial, o qual, aqui, traduz-se nas condições mínimas de existência humana digna, insuscetíveis de restrição por parte do poder público.
A DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO ADMINISTRATIVA DO ESTADO: uma abordagem sobre o monopólio natural e as agências reguladoras
Authors: SANTOS Felipe Augusto dos , GARCIA Silvio Marques
Published: April 2020

A partir da década de 1990 se iniciou no Brasil uma nova forma de intervenção do Estado na economia, substituindo a forma empreendedora com que agia, para uma atuação reguladora, inspirando-se em modelos aplicados nos EUA e França. Com balizamento legal em nossa Constituição Federal, ocorre a transferência da execução de serviços públicos de diversas áreas, do Estado para a iniciativa privada, num movimento denominado desestatização, que nosso país ocorreu com o Programa Nacional de Desestatização e inicia o processo de privatizações. Apesar da execução dos serviços públicos para a iniciativa privada, continua sendo do Estado a responsabilidade por garantir a qualidade e proteger os interesses dos usuários. A extensão de gêneros de serviços púbicos e a especificidade exigida no tratamento de cada um desses segmentos, impossibilita a centralização da regulação deles na Administração Pública. Para atender, de forma efetiva, as exigências de mercado e consumidores, instituiu em nosso ordenamento jurídico as agências reguladoras, configuradas como autarquias especiais, são dotadas de autonomia administrativa, técnica e financeira. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é identificar os possíveis métodos aplicação de uma gestão que concilie os interesses de entes reguladores, entes regulados e usuários, conferindo transparência e segurança nos atos emitidos pelas Agências Reguladoras.
O ABUSO DE DIREITO COMO FATO GERADOR DA RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL
Authors: MORANDO Amanda Ramaiane , CASTRO Fabiana Maria Martins Gomes de
Published: April 2020

O propósito do presente artigo é tratar, de forma interdisciplinar, a responsabilidade civil decorrente do abuso de direito, tendo por enfoque central esclarecer se esta é tratada como objetiva ou subjetiva no direito pátrio, para a compensação do dano causado. É oportuno destacar que o abuso de direito na atual sistemática do Código Civil traduz cláusula geral e via de consequência o dever de reparar é determinado por seus elementos condicionantes. Utiliza-se, para tanto, o método dedutivo, por meio de um procedimento técnico-bibliográfico sobre o tema, buscando sua análise conceitual, seus requisitos, suas modalidades, a natureza jurídica, a relação entre ato ilícito e o uso excessivo do direito, a limitação imposta pela lei acerca do exercício do direito, as específicas áreas jurídicas em que ocorre o exercício descomedido do direito, bem como as consequências advindas, sob a égide do ordenamento jurídico vigente, a doutrina, a jurisprudência e também dados secundários, como artigos e teses já publicadas acerca do assunto. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa verificará somente a conduta em sua seara objetiva, isto é, com a imprescindibilidade da consciência culposa ou dolosa do excesso aos limites impostos ensejará a reparação do dano, em razão de atingir os elementos condicionantes: a boa-fé, os bons costumes e os fins sociais e econômicos, conforme se pronuncia o Enunciado n° 37 da I Jornada de Direito Civil.
A TUTELA DOS DIREITOS DOS IDOSOS NA LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA E A VEDAÇÃO À DISCRIMINAÇÃO POR IDADE NOS PLANOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: CARVALHO Ana Carolina Freitas de
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho aborda a questão do processo de envelhecimento da população brasileira, suas circunstâncias e suas consequências. Ele traça a relação entre o aumento da expectativa de vida e a facilitação ao acesso à saúde que ocorreu com o auxílio do sistema privado de saúde. Também traz um dos problemas enfrentados pela população idosa: a discriminação, a qual ocorre em diferentes âmbitos, especialmente nos planos de saúde, os quais alteram as suas mensalidades em razão da idade do beneficiário, impondo reajustes exorbitantes. Por último, o artigo expõe como a legislação brasileira permite que o reajuste das mensalidades ocorra sem que se configure abusivo e aleatório.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO GARANTISTA E A INAPLICABILIDADE DA TEORIA DA IMPREVISÃO
Authors: FREGATI Eduardo Kobal
Published: April 2020

A problemática da aplicação da teoria da imprevisão vai muito além das garantias Constitucionais. Isso porque, a Carta Magna dá a base jurídica e principiológica, para desenvolver outras bases e princípios que constituem o ordenamento jurídico positivo brasileiro. A questão da teoria da imprevisão, é tratada do ponto de vista normativo, no Código Civil, e no Código de Defesa do Consumidor, basicamente. O problema é que, atualmente, a aplicação da teoria se dá somente em “casos especialíssimos”. Os dispositivos legais contidos no Código Civil restringem muito a aplicação da teoria, e muitas vezes, tendem para o objetivo de se resolver o contrato ao invés de se revisá-lo. Indo contra, nesse caso, o rebus sic stantibus e o pacta sunt servanda, contidos no referente Código.
From the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Krys Svitlana (Lana)
Published: April 2020

Editorial.
RESEARCH OF FUNCTIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSED MEAT
Authors: Prokopenko Irina A.
Published: April 2020

High hydrostatic pressure (ННP) technology has been widely used in the developed countries food industry for production and preservation of raw materials and products. In our country the possibility of a new processing method is being now tested only on experimental installations. For research we selected a pressure range from 200 to 700 MPa, the exposure duration at room temperature was 20 minutes. This article presents the results of the high pressure impact on pH, water-binding capacity of broiler chickens meat, moreover comparative assessment of range of losses that occur during heat treatment and high hydrostatic pressure were analyzed. The dynamics of change of the ultimate sheer stress depending on the ННP value is shown. It is established that the new technology in the selected range does not significantly affect the pH value. However the value of water-binding capacity increases along with increasing of pressure: during processing by 200 MPa it increases by 10.5%, within the range of 200–300 MPa it increases by additional 3.0%, and within the range from 300 to 700 MPa the value increased only slightly. Significant changes were observed in the determination of losses while technological processing of meat. Thus the losses during conventional boiling of broiler chickens fillets were 28.5% higher than during high-pressure processing. It is noted that within the range of 200–700 MPa this parameter increases by only 4.8%. As the pressure increased, the texture of the meat becomes denser, as evidenced by the results of the study of the structural and mechanical properties of the raw material. Based on the results of the implemented work, it is recommended to use ННP technology within the range of 600–700 MPa, processing time of 20 min at 20±1 ºС for production of poultry meat products.
ABOUT A «DIGITAL TWIN» OF A FOOD PRODUCT
Authors: Nikitina Marina A. , Chernukha Irina M. , Lisitsyn Andrey B.
Published: April 2020

The paper presents definitions of digital twins. The authors examine a hypothesis that a digital twin of a food product is a mathematical (simulation) model that includes the whole variety of factors influencing quality and safety. An approach to the mathematical setting of the structural optimization task at different stages of description of the technology for a food product digital twin is analyzed. The first stage, which has several levels, is connected with correspondence of the nutritional and biological values to the medico-biological requirements. The second stage is linked with predetermination of structural forms, the third with perception of sensory characteristics (color, odor and so on). The universal method for assessment of quality and efficiency of a food product digital twin using the generalized function (integral index) is described. Different individual responses can be components of the additive integral index: physico-chemical, functional-technological and organoleptic.
Crecimiento industrial y riesgo urbano: El caso de Mexicali, Baja California
Authors: González Reyes Pablo Jesús
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo consiste en una valoración de situaciones de riesgo ambiental relacionadas con incendios, explosiones y emanaciones tóxicas, debidas al creciente manejo de substancias químicas en la industria manufacturera del área urbana de Mexicali, Baja California. La metodología incluye la utilización de sistemas de información geográfica. Con el uso de esta herramienta se identifican con claridad diversas áreas de riesgo en la ciudad y se proponen, además, algunas alternativas para la toma de decisiones.
La cultura política desde la frontera norte de México
Authors: Guillén López Tonatiuh
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del ensayo es analizar las principales tendencias de la cultura política en México, relacionándola con el proceso de transición democrática y desde la experiencia política electoral de la frontera norte durante los últimos diez años. Se parte de un concepto histórico de la cultura, que permite plantear como objetos de análisis tanto su contenido como, particularmente, a sus actores sociales, sujetos ambos a una dinámica de evolución. Con esta perspectiva, el ensayo argumenta que en el país los contenidos liberales de la cultura política y sus actores todavía se encuentran en proceso de construcción y sujetos a una interacción conflictiva con los contenidos culturales, prácticas e instituciones tradicionales del poder político.
Działalność Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego w świetle encykliki Laudato si’
Authors: Mickiewicz Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

Parki narodowe w Polsce odgrywają ważną rolę w systemie ochrony przyrody. Położony w sąsiedztwie Warszawy Kampinoski Park Narodowy jest jednym z najcenniejszych obszarów chronionych. Wyróżnia się unikatowymi walorami przyrodniczymi, kulturowymi, naukowymi, społecznymi i edukacyjnymi. Ma istotne znaczenie dla ochrony różnorodności biologicznej, badań naukowych, edukacji. Jego atrakcyjność sprawia, że jest bardzo chętnie odwiedzany. Park, realizując zadania wynikające z uwarunkowań prawnych, w praktyczny sposób wypełnia przesłanie papieża Franciszka zawarte w encyklice Laudato si’. Chroniąc zasoby dla przyszłych pokoleń – tworzy warunki do poznawania zjawisk oraz procesów przyrodniczych, społecznych i ekonomicznych. Jednocześnie umożliwia wszystkim odwiedzającym wypoczynek i uprawianie turystyki. Bogata oferta edukacyjna skierowana jest do różnych grup wiekowych i zawodowych. W ten sposób Park wdraża propagowaną przez papieża Franciszka ideę zmiany kultury ekologicznej i współodpowiedzialności wszystkich członków społeczeństwa za stan środowiska naturalnego.
Pedofilia w Holandii: przyczyny, konsekwencje, ocena moralna
Authors: Kobyliński Andrzej
Published: April 2020

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza zjawiska pedofilii w Holandii oraz prezentacja najważniejszych aspektów etycznych i prawnych wykorzystywania seksualnego dzieci. Wydaje się, że w kraju tulipanów pojawiło się swego rodzaju sprzężenie zwrotne: z jednej strony rewolucja seksualna lat sześćdziesiątych XX wieku, proces głębokiej sekularyzacji społeczeństwa holenderskiego i narodziny nowej moralności stworzyły podatny grunt dla rozwoju zjawiska pedofilii, z drugiej – dramat seksualnego wykorzystywania nieletnich przyczynił się do jeszcze głębszego kryzysu tradycyjnego rozumienia moralności i religii, powodując stopniowy rozpad Kościoła katolickiego i innych wyznań chrześcijańskich. Bardzo wiele cennych informacji na temat pedofilii w Holandii zawiera specjalny raport, opublikowany w 2011 r. przez komisję śledczą Wima Deetmana. Dramat seksualnego wykorzystywania dzieci w tym kraju jest niewielką częścią wielkiego zjawiska w skali globalnej. Kluczową kwestią w sporze dotyczącym wykorzystywania seksualnego dzieci jest rzetelna argumentacja filozoficzna, która zwraca uwagę na zło moralne relacji seksualnych między osobami dorosłymi i dziećmi.
Biopaliwa w zrównoważonej biogospodarce
Authors: Krasuska Ewa , Rogulska Magdalena
Published: April 2020

Biopaliwa transportowe uzyskały wsparcie polityczne i początkowo miały pozytywny odbiór społeczny. Z czasem negatywne skutki uboczne stały się źródłem kwestionowania roli biopaliw w zrównoważonym rozwoju gospodarczym. Biopaliwa zaawansowane wytworzone z zasobów biomasy, które nie powodują konkurencji z produkcją żywności i pasz, mają istotną rolę w biogospodarce. Powinny być wytwarzane głównie w oparciu o odpady i pozostałości. Biorafinerie jako miejsce wytwarzania bioproduktów i biopaliw będą odgrywały kluczową rolę w produkcji przemysłowej w zrównoważonej biogospodarce.