bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Electrode Configurations for the oVEMP With Bone-Conducted Vibration
Authors: Vanspauwen Robby , Wuyts Floris L. , Krijger Stefanie , Maes Leen K.
Published: October 2016

Objectives:

This study was performed to compare three electrode configurations for the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs)—“standard,” “sternum,” and “nose”—by making use of bone-conducted stimuli (at the level of Fz with a minishaker). In the second part, we compared the test–retest reliability of the standard and nose electrode configuration on the oVEMP parameters.

Design:

This study had a prospective design. Fourteen healthy subjects participated in the first part (4 males, 10 females; average age = 23.4 (SD = 2.6) years; age range 19.9 to 28.3 years) and second part (3 males, 11 females; average age = 22.7 (SD = 2.4) years; age range 20.0 to 28.0 years) of the study. OVEMPs were recorded making use of a hand-held bone conduction vibrator (minishaker). Tone bursts of 500 Hz (rise/fall time = 2 msec; plateau time = 2 msec; repetition rate = 5.1 Hz) were applied at a constant stimulus intensity level of 140 dB FL.

Results:

PART 1: The n10–p15 amplitude obtained with the standard electrode configuration (mean = 15.8 μV; SD = 6.3 μV) was significantly smaller than the amplitude measured with the nose (Z = −3.3; p = 0.001; mean = 35.0 μV; SD = 19.1 μV) and sternum (Z = −3.3; p = 0.001; mean = 27.1 μV; SD = 12.2 μV) electrode configuration. The p15 latency obtained with the nose electrode configuration (mean = 14.2 msec; SD = 0.54 msec) was significantly shorter than the p15 latency measured with the standard (Z = −3.08; p = 0.002) (mean = 14.9 msec; SD = 0.75 msec) and sternum (Z = −2.98; p = 0.003; mean = 15.4 msec; SD = 1.07 msec) electrode configuration. There were no differences between the n10 latencies of the three electrode configurations. The 95% prediction intervals (given by the mean ± 1.96 * SD) for the different interocular ratio values were [−41.2; 41.2], [−37.2; 37.2], and [−25.9; 25.9] for standard, sternum, and nose electrode configurations, respectively. PART 2: Intraclass correlation (ICC) values calculated for the oVEMP parameters obtained with the standard electrode configuration showed fair to good reliability for the parameters n10–p15 amplitude (ICC = 0.51), n10 (ICC = 0.52), and p15 (ICC = 0.60) latencies. The ICC values obtained for the parameters acquired with the nose electrode configuration demonstrated a poor reliability for the n10 latency (ICC = 0.37), a fair to good reliability for the p15 latency (ICC = 0.47) and an excellent reliability for the n10–p15 amplitude (ICC = 0.85).

Conclusions:

This study showed the possible benefits from alternative electrode configurations for measuring bone-conducted-evoked oVEMPs in comparison with the standard electrode configuration. The nose configuration seems promising, but further research is required to justify clinical use of this placement.
Variation in pediatric orthopedic case volume among residents: an assessment of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs
Authors: Hinds Richard M. , Phillips Donna , Egol Kenneth A. , Capo John T.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this investigation was to examine graduating orthopedic resident case logs to evaluate trends in performing pediatric orthopedic procedures and compare pediatric orthopedic case volume among residents in the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles (by case volume) to identify caseload variation. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education orthopedic resident case logs were examined for graduating years 2007–2013. Linear regression analyses were carried out to assess temporal trends in pediatric orthopedic case volume. Subgroup analyses were carried out to assess trends in cases by anatomic location. Comparisons of the number of pediatric cases performed by the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of graduating residents were also performed. Pediatric orthopedic case volume increased significantly per graduating resident (295.9–373.2; P<0.001) from 2007 to 2013. Graduating residents in the 90th (494–573; P=0.001), 50th (264–334; P<0.001), and 10th (144–216; P=0.003) percentiles of case volume all sustained significant increases in the number of pediatric orthopedic cases performed. Subgroup analyses showed significant increases in pediatric orthopedic shoulder (4.8–7.3; P<0.001), humerus/elbow (25.9–32.7; P<0.001), forearm/wrist (28.6–40.4; P<0.001), hand/finger (15–16.9; P=0.005), femur/knee (44.5–51.9; P=0.002), leg/ankle (39.4–41.1; P=0.004), and spine case volume (24.9–33.6; P<0.001). On average, graduating residents in the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles performed 524, 302, and 169 cases, respectively. The current investigation shows significant growth in the number of pediatric orthopedic cases performed by graduating residents, particularly among upper extremity procedures. However, considerable variation in pediatric orthopedic case volume exists among residents. Although the educational effects of this case volume variation are incompletely understood, the current investigation may be beneficial in efforts to improve pediatric orthopedic educational quality.
Proper Technique for Administration of ATX-101 (Deoxycholic Acid Injection): Insights From an Injection Practicum and Roundtable Discussion
Authors: Jones Derek H. , Kenkel Jeffrey M. , Fagien Steven , Glaser Dee Anna , Monheit Gary D. , Stauffer Karen , Sykes Jonathan M.
Published: October 2016

ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection; Kybella in the United States and Belkyra in Canada; Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Westlake Village, CA [an affiliate of Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland]) is the first aesthetic injectable approved for reduction of submental fat. In February 2014, an injection practicum was conducted in the anatomy laboratory at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center to explore the proper injection technique for ATX-101 and the importance of its appropriate, safe anatomical placement within the submental area. Subsequent to the injection practicum, a structured roundtable discussion was conducted in which potential implications of the various injection protocols evaluated during the practicum were reviewed. Furthermore, the faculty had the opportunity to provide additional perspectives based on their clinical experience with facial injectables and ATX-101 specifically. In this article, the findings from the injection practicum and roundtable discussion are reported.
Management of Patient Experience With ATX-101 (Deoxycholic Acid Injection) for Reduction of Submental Fat
Authors: Dover Jeffrey S. , Kenkel Jeffrey M. , Carruthers Alastair , Lizzul Paul F. , Gross Todd M. , Subramanian Meenakshi , Beddingfield Frederick C.
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection; Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Westlake Village, CA [an affiliate of Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland]) was recently approved for submental fat (SMF) reduction in the United States (Kybella) and Canada (Belkyra). The pivotal trials supporting these approvals revealed that ATX-101 is associated with common injection-site treatment reactions consistent with its mechanism of action and administration procedure.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4 patient experience management paradigms targeting the common injection-site adverse events of pain, swelling/edema, and bruising after a single treatment session with ATX-101.

METHODS

In this double-blind, parallel-group, exploratory Phase 3b study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02007434), subjects with moderate to severe SMF were randomized 4:1 within each paradigm to receive ATX-101 2 mg/cm2 or placebo. In Paradigm 1, subjects received a cold pack application to the treatment area. In Paradigm 2, in addition to cold pack application, subjects were treated with topical lidocaine and injectable lidocaine containing epinephrine. In Paradigm 3, in addition to the interventions of Paradigm 2, subjects received loratadine and ibuprofen. Subjects in Paradigm 4 received the same interventions in Paradigm 3, plus application of a chin strap.

RESULTS

Eighty-three subjects were treated. In ATX-101–treated subjects, peak pain occurred within 1 to 5 minutes of treatment, with median values at these time points ranging from 21.4 to 35.7 mm on a 100-mm pain visual analog scale (“mild”). Pain ratings reduced substantially by 15 minutes; at 4 hours after injection, pain was characterized as mild tenderness or mild achiness. Compared with cold alone, treatment with topical and injectable lidocaine reduced median peak pain by 17%. Addition of ibuprofen and loratadine resulted in a total reduction in pain by 40%. Peak swelling/edema in ATX-101–treated subjects was “modest,” with mean values ≤1.7 (on a 0–5 scale) across all paradigms. Swelling/edema was not substantially mitigated by the interventions, including ibuprofen, loratidine, and the use of a chin strap. Bruising associated with ATX-101 treatment was confined to the treatment area, with mean values between 1.0 and 1.4 on a 0-to-5 scale. Bruising was modestly reduced by injectable lidocaine with epinephrine.

CONCLUSION

Results from this study support the safety of ATX-101 for SMF reduction, and demonstrate that pain and bruising associated with ATX-101 treatment can be mitigated by a series of simple measures.
Update on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Carron Rebecca
Published: October 2016

Purpose

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Polycystic ovary syndrome affects approximately 6%–15% of women or about 5–6 million women living in the United States. Dermatology is an entry point in the healthcare system for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The purpose of this update is to provide dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners with the latest evidence-based guidance for the assessment, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Relevance

Polycystic ovary syndrome occurs worldwide in all ethnic and racial groups. Unfortunately, about 50%–75% of women with the condition are not diagnosed. Dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners are key players in the early diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome because of the cutaneous manifestations including acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.

Essential Points

This update provides clinical information on the following points about polycystic ovary syndrome: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, laboratory testing, comorbidities, management including nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions, and nursing implications for dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners. This knowledge will help dermatology nurses and nurse practitioners provide expert nursing care for their patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
New-Onset Vasculitis in a Patient With Recurrent Henoch–Schonlein Purpura
Authors: Carr Kristin A. , Zumwalt Michael , Jacob Sharon E.
Published: October 2016

An 81-year-old outdoorsman from northern New York with a history Henoch–Schonlein purpura presented with 2 weeks of worsening shortness of breath, oliguria, and a bilateral lower-extremity purpuric and petechial rash with circinate lesions on his left dorsal foot. The symptoms and rash did not improve after broad-spectrum antibiotics for presumed pneumonia and systemic corticosteroid administration for a presumed vasculitis flare. A skin biopsy showed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis with negative IgA immunofluorescence. A chest computed tomography showed bilateral cavitary lung nodules. Further blood testing was performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Implementing an Alcohol Withdrawal Protocol
Authors: Holt Cynthia , Dearmon Valorie , Lawrence Sherry M. , Lewis Chrystal L. , Skotzko Christine E.
Published: October 2016

This quality improvement project evaluates the effectiveness of implementing an evidence-based alcohol withdrawal protocol in an acute care setting. Patient outcomes, length of stay, and nurses' knowledge and satisfaction with care are compared pre- and postimplementation. Implementation resulted in significant reduction of restraint use, transfers to critical care, 1:1 observation, and length of stay, whereas no reduction was seen in rapid response calls. Nurses' knowledge post–alcohol withdrawal protocol education increased and satisfaction with patient care improved.
Matching the Implant to the Breast: A Systematic Review of Implant Size Selection Systems for Breast Augmentation
Authors: Adams William P. , Mckee Daniel
Published: October 2016

Background:

For primary breast augmentation, several implant selection systems have been described to guide the surgeon with choosing from a variety of manufactured implant dimensions and properties. Controversy exists regarding the most efficacious method of selecting an appropriate implant size that best matches the patient’s breast.

Methods:

The goal of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive list of documented implant size selection systems, and to critically evaluate them. Implant size selection systems were grouped into categories based on selection principles. Articles were evaluated based on reported outcome measures and methodologic quality.

Results:

Thirty-three implant size selection systems were included in the final analysis. Only 12 percent of articles (four of 33) reported clinical outcomes that could be compared to accepted literature values or industry standards. Articles that described tissue-based planning systems, which use clinical guidelines to determine the optimal patient-specific implant dimensions, were of highest methodologic quality using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies scale, when compared to systems that used breast “dimensional” analyses that stress tissues to the desire of the patient and/or surgeon, and compared to systems that did not use breast measurement (means ± SD, 6.0 ± 1.4, 1.4 ± 2.3, and 0.0 ± 0.0, respectively).

Conclusions:

There is some evidence to support tissue-based planning as a superior approach to implant size selection planning; studies that used tissue-based planning reported lower reoperation rates compared with industry standards and accepted literature values. The authors offer several suggestions on how to improve the methodologic quality of future studies describing new implant selection systems.
Modification of the Radial Forearm Fasciocutaneous Flap in Partial Pharyngolaryngeal Reconstruction to Minimize Fistula Formation
Authors: Ooi Adrian S. H. , Butz Daniel R. , Gooi Zhen , Chang David W.
Published: October 2016

Reconstruction of pharyngolaryngoesophageal defects following salvage surgery in patients with a history of chemoradiation is a challenging problem with a high incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula. The authors describe three cases of successful reconstruction of partial pharyngolaryngoesophageal defects using a modified radial forearm free flap with additional dermal reinforcement and review the literature for innovations in the use of radial forearm free flap for reconstruction of these difficult cases. Modification of the radial forearm free flap makes it a versatile, reliable flap that has become the “go-to” flap for partial pharyngolaryngoesophageal reconstruction.
Medical Student Mentorship in Plastic Surgery: The Mentor’s Perspective
Authors: Janis Jeffrey E. , Barker Jenny C.
Published: October 2016

Background:

The reproducible benefits of mentoring to mentees have been studied extensively. However, insights from the mentor perspective are less well described. This study evaluates mentorship of plastic surgery medical students from the attending surgeon’s perspective. A comparison is made with a previous publication evaluating mentorship from the medical student’s perspective.

Methods:

An electronic survey was sent to 1025 active members of the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS) and the American Association of Plastic Surgeons (AAPS), with a combined response rate of 23 percent. For individual organizations, the response rate was 40 percent for ACAPS and 24 percent for AAPS.

Results:

Eighty-three percent of attending surgeons reported participation in medical student mentoring. Mentor demographics and preferences were defined. The majority of mentors are men, older than 50 years, with a clinically focused, academic practice. Although scheduled, one-on-one meetings were the most preferred form of interaction, mentors generally favored group activities. Mentors also preferred to meet less frequently and in less personalized formats than mentees. Mentors perceived enhanced job satisfaction and a sense of “giving back” as most important. The most common barriers included mentor time constraints and lack of exposure to medical students. The presence of plastic surgery involvement in the medical school curriculum correlated directly with the formation of mentoring relationships.

Conclusions:

By comparing the perspectives on mentoring between attending surgeons and medical students, discrepancies and similarities were identified. These findings can be used to increase efficacy and strengthen mentoring efforts for medical students in plastic surgery.
Comparison of Antibiotic-Coated versus Uncoated Porcine Dermal Matrix
Authors: Cohen Leslie E. , Imahiyerobo Thomas A. , Scott Jeffrey R. , Spector Jason A.
Published: October 2016

Background:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial performance of a rifampin/minocycline-coated, non–cross-linked, acellular porcine dermal matrix (XenMatrix AB) compared to an uncoated, non–cross-linked, acellular porcine dermal matrix (Strattice) after implantation/inoculation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli in a dorsal rabbit model.

Methods:

Forty male New Zealand White rabbits were bilaterally implanted with XenMatrix AB or Strattice grafts and inoculated with clinically isolated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (5 × 107 colony-forming units/ml) or E. coli (1 × 107 colony-forming units/ml). At 2 and 8 weeks, sites were analyzed for viable methicillin-resistant S. aureus/E. coli colony-forming units, abscess formation, and histologic response (n = 5 rabbits per group per bacterium per time point).

Results:

XenMatrix AB completely inhibited bacterial colonization of the graft, inhibited abscess formation, reduced inflammation and encapsulation, and improved neovascularization compared with Strattice. XenMatrix AB implants exhibited significantly fewer colony-forming units compared with Strattice implants at 2 weeks (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) (p < 0.01) and at 2 and 8 weeks (E. coli) (p < 0.05). In addition, XenMatrix AB implants demonstrated a significantly lower abscess score at 2 weeks (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and 8 weeks (E. coli) (p < 0.01 in both cases). For both types of bacteria and both time points evaluated, XenMatrix AB implants exhibited minimal inflammation and encapsulation and a lack of neutrophils. In contrast, Strattice implants displayed marked inflammatory and neutrophilic responses and moderate encapsulation.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the antimicrobial performance of a rifampin/minocycline-coated bioprosthetic (XenMatrix AB) in a rabbit inoculation model. XenMatrix AB completely inhibited bacterial colonization of the graft, with minimal host inflammation and encapsulation, and improved neovascularization compared with Strattice.
Functional Neck Dissection: The Operative Technique Series
Authors: Patel Anup , Clune James , Ariyan Stephan
Published: October 2016

A clinical case of a patient undergoing right functional neck dissection is presented. A detailed, step-by-step video description highlighting the pearls of the operation accompanies the article. This will be the first of many contributions in a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and PRS Global Open Operative Technique Series initiative that endeavors to disseminate plastic and reconstructive knowledge worldwide.
Fully Awake Breast Reduction
Authors: Filson Simon A. , Yarhi Danielle , Ramon Yitzhak
Published: October 2016

The authors present 25 cases and an in-depth 4-minute video of fully awake aesthetic breast reduction, which was made possible by thoracic epidural anesthesia. There are obvious and important advantages to this technique. Not only does this allow for intraoperative patient cooperation (i.e., patient self-positioning and opinion for comparison of breasts), meaning a shorter and more efficient intraoperative time, there also is a reduction in postoperative pain, complications, recovery, and discharge times. The authors have also enjoyed great success and no complications with this technique in over 150 awake abdominoplasty/total body lift patients. The authors feel that the elimination of the need for general anesthesia by thoracic epidural sensorial–only anesthesia is a highly effective and efficient technique, with very few disadvantages/complications, providing advantages to both patients and surgeons.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:

Therapeutic, IV.
Exonic Mosaic Mutations Contribute Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Krupp Deidre R. , Barnard Rebecca A. , Duffourd Yannis , Evans Sara A. , Mulqueen Ryan M. , Bernier Raphael , Rivière Jean-Baptiste , Fombonne Eric , O’Roak Brian J.
Published: October 2016

Genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have yet to be fully elucidated. Postzygotic mosaic mutations (PMMs) have been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders and overgrowth syndromes. We systematically evaluated PMMs by leveraging whole-exome sequencing data on a large family-based ASD cohort, the Simons Simplex Collection. We found evidence that 11% of published single nucleotide variant (SNV)de novomutations are potentially PMMs. We then developed a robust SNV PMM calling approach that leverages complementary callers, logistic regression modeling, and additional heuristics. Using this approach, we recalled SNVs and found that 22% ofde novomutations likely occur as PMMs in children. Unexpectedly, we found a significant burden of synonymous PMMs in probands that are predicted to alter splicing. We found no evidence of missense PMM burden in the full cohort. However, we did observe increased signal for missense PMMs in families without germline mutations in probands, which strengthens in genes intolerant to mutations. We also determined that 7-11% of parental mosaics are transmitted to children. Parental mosaic mutations make up 6.8% of all mutations newly germline in children, which has important implications for recurrence risk. PMMs intersect previously implicated high confidence and other ASD candidate risk genes, further suggesting that this class of mutations contribute to ASD risk. We also identified PMMs in novel candidate risk genes involved with chromatin remodeling or neurodevelopment. We estimate that PMMs contribute risk to 4-8% of simplex ASD cases. Overall, these findings argue for future studies of PMMs in ASD and related-disorders.
Trajectories: how functional traits influence plant growth and shade tolerance across the life-cycle
Authors: Falster Daniel S. , Duursma Remko A. , FitzJohn Richard G.
Published: October 2016

Plant species differ in many functional traits that drive differences in rates of photosynthesis, biomass allocation, and tissue turnover. Yet, it remains unclear how – and even if – such traits influence whole-plant growth, with the simple linear relationships predicted by existing theory often lacking empirical support. Here we present a new theoretical framework for understanding the effect of diverse functional traits on plant growth and shade-tolerance, extending a widely-used theoretical model that links growth rate in seedlings with a single leaf trait to explicitly include influences of size, light environment, and five other prominent traits: seed mass, height at maturation, leaf mass per unit leaf area, leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area, and wood density. Based on biomass production and allocation, this framework explains why the influence of prominent traits on growth rate and shade tolerance often varies with plant size and why the impact of size on growth varies among traits. Considering growth rate in height, we find the influence of: i) leaf mass per unit leaf area is strong in small plants but weakens with size, ii) leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area does not change with size, iii) wood density is present across sizes but is strongest at intermediate sizes, iv) height at maturation strengthens with size, and v) seed mass decreases with size. Moreover, we show how traits moderate plant responses to light environment and also determine shade tolerance, supporting diverse empirical results. By disentangling the effects of plant size, light environment and traits on growth rates, our results provide a solid theoretical foundation for trait ecology and thus provide a platform for understanding growth across diverse species around the world.
A population genomics approach to assessing the genetic basis of within-host microevolution underlying recurrent cryptococcal meningitis infection
Authors: Rhodes Johanna , Beale Mathew A. , Vanhove Mathieu , Jarvis Joseph N. , Kannambath Shichina , Simpson John A. , Ryan Anthea , Meintjes Graeme , Harrison Thomas S. , Fisher Matthew C. , Bicanic Tihana
Published: October 2016

Recurrence of meningitis due toCryptococcus neoformansafter treatment causes substantial mortality in HIV/AIDS patients across sub-Saharan Africa. In order to determine whether recurrence occurred due to relapse of the original infecting isolate or reinfection with a different isolate weeks or months after initial treatment, we used whole-genome sequencing to assess the genetic basis of infection in 17 HIV-infected individuals with recurrent cryptococcal meningitis. Comparisons revealed a clonal relationship for 15 pairs of isolates recovered before and after recurrence showing relapse of the original infection. The two remaining pairs showed high levels of genetic heterogeneity; in one pair we found this to be a result of infection by mixed genotypes, whilst the second was a result of nonsense mutations in the gene encoding the DNA mismatch repair proteinsMSH2, MSH5andRAD5. These nonsense mutations led to a hypermutator state, leading to dramatically elevated rates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions. Hypermutator phenotypes owing to nonsense mutations in these genes have not previously been reported inCryptococcus neoformansand represent a novel pathway for rapid within-host adaptation and evolution of resistance to firstline antifungal drugs.
The best formula for estimating the low density lipoprotein cholesterol on a North African population
Authors: Hichem Benghezel , Hanane Boukrous , Mouna Zehaf , Radia Saadi
Published: October 2016

We often use the estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol by using the Friedwald Formula, however limitation and uncertainties make calculation its limits use. Otherwise, simple and inexpensive formulas exists, rarely used in clinical laboratories: Hatorri, Puavilai, Anandaraja, Ahmadi, Vujovic, Saidullah and Cordova. These formulas were studied on small geographically and ethnically populations and require validation in a larger population.

We intended by this work, highlight the formula that best estimates the low density lipoprotein cholesterol more accurately than the Friedewald formula on a North African population.

It seems that the Puivalai formula is the most suitable to be applied on this population.
Versatile electrochemical cell for Li/Na-ion batteries and high-throughput setup for combined operando X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Sottmann Jonas , Homs-Regojo Roberto , Wragg David S. , Fjellvåg Helmer , Margadonna Serena , Emerich Hermann
Published: October 2016

A fundamental understanding of de/intercalation processes (single phase versus multi-phase), structural stability and voltage–composition profiles is pivotal for optimization of electrode materials for rechargeable non-aqueous batteries. A fully operational setup (electrochemical cells, sample changer and interfacing software) that enables combined quasi-simultaneous operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) and absorption (XANES and EXAFS) measurements coupled with electrochemical characterization is presented. Combined XRD, XANES and EXAFS analysis provides a deep insight into the working mechanisms of electrode materials, as shown for the high-voltage Li insertion cathode material LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 and the high-capacity sodium conversion anode material Bi2S3. It is also demonstrated that the cell design can be used for in-house XRD characterization. Long-term cycling experiments on both Li and Na electrode materials prove the hermeticity and chemical stability of the design as a versatile operando electrochemical cell.
Innovation and service experiences in small tourism family firms
Authors: Pikkemaat Birgit , Zehrer Anita
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the pertinent issues of innovation and service experiences in family firms in the tourism industry, which are mostly small- and medium-sized enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual paper, building on social identity theory, undertakes a thorough review of the relevant literature before developing propositions regarding innovation and service experiences for small family firms in the tourism industry.

Findings

Small tourism family firms are faced with deficits in strategic orientation and innovation, and cooperation seems to be a means to overcome size deficits in family-run businesses. Customers integrated into the service experience enhance innovative developments and foster innovation in small tourism firms. As a prerequisite, the service experience must be appropriately managed by collecting and evaluating relevant data on customers’ needs, expectations and satisfaction. An open-minded and consumer-focused market-driven strategy seems to be an advantage.

Practical implications

Future research should undertake empirical studies to validate and/or modify the propositions presented in this conceptual paper.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies to have addressed the relationship between service experiences and innovation for family-run small businesses in the tourism industry.
Disaster risk reduction and empowering local government – a case comparison between Sri Lanka and New Zealand
Authors: MacAskill Kristen , Guthrie Peter
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper examines the role of government in New Zealand in facilitating the development of resilience in the built environment, with reference to the post-earthquake recovery of Christchurch. A cross-case comparison of the institutional structures and arrangements for disaster risk management (DRM) between Sri Lanka and New Zealand provides a useful basis to consider the broader implications of the findings from both countries. Particular consideration is given to the role of community participation in DRM decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

Malalgoda and Amaratunga (2015) recently published an article on empowering local governments to develop resilience in the built environment in Sri Lanka. This paper provides a response to their discussion in conjunction with a New Zealand case study.

Findings

Despite being one of the most advanced countries in the world with regards to DRM, New Zealand faces significant challenges in implementation, chief amongst which is that local governments have yet to truly prioritize DRM in urban development. While community consultation is embedded in the legislative framework, requirements for consultation were somewhat misjudged by the local government in Christchurch’s recovery. A lesson to be learnt from Christchurch’s experience is that even if the Sri Lankan authorities follow Malalgoda and Amaratunga’s recommendations for greater devolution of powers to local government, there will be tensions if community expectations over consultation are not met.

Originality/value

The cross-case analysis offers a helpful lens through which it is possible to examine DRM. It is useful for informing governments and other stakeholders, helping them to understand the challenges their institutions may face in facilitating DRM and building resilience.
Flood risk management an illustrative approach
Authors: Lummen Natainia S. , Shirozu Hajime , Okada Norio , Yamada Fumihiko
Published: October 2016

Purpose

In Kumamoto, Japan flood risk information is made available on several websites. In the event of heavy rainfall, local citizens need to access these websites and make household-level decisions. It is difficult for citizens to monitor all these sites, analyze and make effective decisions. Evacuation orders are issued by the local government who then filters the information to the relevant multiple stakeholders and local citizens. This takes time and reduces the response lead time of citizens especially in fast-onset floods. There was a therefore a need for illustrative integrated approaches, integrating these data sets.

Design/methodology/approach

Using precipitation, river water and tide level data, user-friendly real-time graphs were set up for the Shirakawa River, Kumamoto, Japan. Flood data were collected and used to create numerical simulations, and electronic community-based hazard maps were created.

Findings

The data gathered from the July 2012 flood event were used as a demonstrator, illustrating a flood event, as well as how to utilize the information provided on user-friendly real-time graphs’ website, to determine the location, future time and possibility of flooding. Additionally, an electronically generated flood hazard map-making process was developed for distribution across Japan.

Research limitations/implications

These illustrative approaches are relatively new and have only been tested and evaluated in communities across Kumamoto, Japan. As such, it is too early to determine robustness and generalized applications worldwide, especially in data-scarce countries and communities. Improvements and maintenance are ongoing.

Practical implications

These illustrative approaches can be adopted and utilized in cities and communities around the globe, thereby helping in overall disaster risk-reduction initiatives and better flood risk management strategies.

Originality/value

These illustrative approaches are new to Kumamoto City and Japan. These provide citizens with user-friendly real-time graphs that can be accessed anytime and used in flood hazard preparations, warnings, response or recovery.
Resident perception of disaster recovery planning priorities
Authors: Horney Jennifer , Simon Matt C. , Ricchetti-Masterson Kristen , Berke Philip
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to determine household perceptions of disaster recovery plan development and implementation, and to identify groups that may be less aware of the recovery planning process to provide recommendations to officials for improving participation in planning and resident support of implementation priorities.

Design/methodology/approach

Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 194 residents of a US Atlantic coast county impacted by Hurricane Irene. Respondents were selected via a two-stage cluster sampling method automated through the use of a Geographic Information Systems toolkit.

Findings

Although few households reported participation in the county’s recovery planning process, a majority felt that the plan would be better if it incorporated input from a wide range of stakeholders. The number one reason residents did not participate was the lack of knowledge that they could. Some vulnerable populations were less aware of the recovery plan, including the elderly and those living in poverty, while others were more aware, including those with children and those without access to a working vehicle. Respondents prioritized recovery activities around infrastructure and public safety, yet ranked activities related to public information and housing as less important.

Practical implications

This paper highlights potential successes of emergency management outreach and identifies groups that are not being reached during recovery planning. The paper provides insight on resident priorities for recovery after disaster.

Originality/value

There has been little research on the implementation of recovery plans and few studies that have examined the behaviors and opinions of households with regard to recovery plan development and implementation.
Interlending and document supply: a review of the recent literature; 93
Authors: McGrath Mike
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the current library and information science (LIS) literature for document supply, resource sharing and other issues such as open access (OA) that have an impact on the service.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is based on the scanning of about 150 journals, reports, websites and blogs.

Findings

Of the 13 articles and reports reviewed, 12 are freely available, continuing the trend of increasing OA. As always, these days, much is happening on the OA front. Big Deals, demand-driven acquisition and discovery tools are reviewed.

Originality/value

The only regular literature review that focuses on interlending, document supply and related issues.
Resource sharing in the UK public library system: an update
Authors: Froud Robert
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the position of UnityUK and FABLibraries (Find a Book in Libraries) some five years after a review by the same author (with Elisabeth Robinson) was published in 2011.

Design/methodology/approach

The UnityUK service and its co-service FABLibraries is placed in the current service and political context: changing politics and reductions in public service. The conclusions of a survey conducted by the University of Sheffield are noted as current technical developments.

Findings

Subscriptions to UnityUK remain stable despite an overall decline in interlending. The FABLibraries service is well positioned to play a key role in the creation of a single digital presence for public libraries in England and in the UK.

Practical implications

The outcome of major recent political change in respect of public service is not yet known, but there is reason to be confident about the role of the two services in supporting resource discovery and supply.

Social implications

The FABLibraries service is well positioned to be the major building block in a national e-public library platform. This would provide a cost-effective means of making national resources accessible to everyone who can get online.

Originality/value

The author provides an up-to-date perspective of the impact of change, recent government reports and public sector austerity on interlending and the position of key resource discovery tools in that environment.
Interlending and document supply: a review of the recent literature; 94
Authors: McGrath Mike
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to review the current library and information science (LIS) literature for document supply, resource sharing and other issues such as open access (OA) that have an impact on the service.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is based on the scanning of about 150 journals, reports, websites and blogs.

Findings

OA continues to grow and, hence, the impact of document supply. Improvements in the Interlending and Document Supply service are satisfying.

Originality/value

This paper is the only regular review of LIS literature in this subject area.
The green branding of Hong Kong: visitors’ and residents’ perceptions
Authors: Chan Chung-Shing , Marafa Lawal M.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to connect green spaces with city branding by introducing a proposed Green (Resource) Brand Hexagon (GBH).

Design/methodology/approach

This study empirically tested the principles of the GBH with samples of Hong Kong residents (n = 301) and visitors (n = 395). Surveys were carried out to investigate the perceptions of the 23 elements in the GBH by both respondent groups.

Findings

A comparison of the results via factor analysis identified two green brand structures preferred by local residents (a brand pentagon) and by visitors (a brand square). The findings suggest different associations of green resource elements in their brand perceptions, which were partly reflected in the governmental Brand Review exercise in Hong Kong in 2008. Inter-group differences in the ranking of GBH’s elements also indicate a knowledge gap between visitors and residents.

Research limitations/implications

The modification process of the GBH from Anholt’s City Brand Hexagon framework involved researchers’ interpretations and understanding of green resources in Hong Kong; it inevitably produced some degree of subjectivity. The working definition of “green resources” in this study perceptually excluded certain features in public parks, such as the geological landscapes and beaches that are, in principle, part of the Hong Kong Geopark.

Originality/value

The findings of this paper offer an indicative green brand framework for destination marketers and brand managers whose cities enjoy attractive green resources. The ratings of GBH’s elements provide useful references for local brand management through an understanding of strong green brand attributes and structures by local residents and visitors. The inter-group comparison of the green brand structures also informs policymakers and city marketers about the divergent associations of brand elements for possible brand extension. Finally, the results are also very beneficial because they provide an opportunity for regional green brand development.
City ambassadorship and citizenship behaviours
Authors: Taecharungroj Viriya
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study residents’ ambassadorship and citizenship behaviours and to formulate a conceptual model that incorporates the antecedents of these behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach

The author collected data from 858 residents of Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, in January 2016. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

This study found that two behaviours – city ambassadorship and city citizenship – result from residents’ positive attitudes about the city. In turn, the perceived quality of the city’s major attributes, including its activities, economy, nature, socialisation and transport, positively affect resident satisfaction and identification.

Practical implications

City administrators and marketers are encouraged to complement the goal of increasing resident satisfaction with these two behavioural indicators to analyse a city’s resident groups, compare and benchmark them with other cities and track changes periodically. Furthermore, the findings suggest that city administrators must develop their cities in a balanced and holistic way because all attributes of a city significantly affect its residents’ attitudes and behaviours.

Originality/value

This research extends the academic understanding of residents by investigating “city ambassadorship behaviours” and “city citizenship behaviours” within the city marketing discipline. The two concepts and the conceptual model can be further used to study residents in other contexts. Researchers can also use these two concepts to further develop alternative conceptual frameworks that deepen and broaden the understanding of residents’ positive behaviours.
Online legal information system for Indian environment: a user’s perspectives
Authors: Bhardwaj Raj Kumar , Margam Madhusudhan
Published: October 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore legal information requirements of the legal community in India for a proposed online legal information system tailored to the Indian environment.

Design/methodology/approach

A needs assessment survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire circulated among 750 respondents from eight institutions in Delhi. A total of 397 filled-in questionnaires were personally collected by the investigator, showing a response rate of 52.9 per cent. All these questionnaires were selected for analysis and interpretation of data. Responses to 45 questions were analyzed and presented in the form of tables and figures using various statistical techniques.

Findings

The findings of the study show that majority of the respondents felt they faced a number of problems in using online legal resources such as accessibility of legal information in legal resources, lack of online help features, description of legal information sources, search screen too confusing and poor website design. In addition, respondents highlighted that access instructions on the online resources are not clear. Lack of expertise and insufficient knowledge of information and communication technology in using legal databases are also major hurdles. Majority of the respondents are somewhat satisfied in using open-access and commercial legal information resources and not aware of open-access resources in the field of law. Model online legal information system (OLIS) was designed and developed based on the findings drawn in the needs assessment survey to empower the common man with legal resources at no cost, and foster research in the field of law.

Research limitations/implications

The model OLIS contains only a sample collection. It is expected that the proposed system will be implemented on a wider scale, so that lawyers, research scholars and common people can benefit.

Practical implications

The findings of the study will help libraries to subscribe to legal information resources and to design robust OLIS suitable in the Indian context. It is anticipated that the needs assessment survey of OLIS will help government agencies and law libraries to understand the problems of the legal fraternity in accessing legal information.

Originality/value

The present study designed a model OLIS for the Indian environment (www.olisindia.in) to aid the legal community in India, enabling them to save their valuable time. This system will help and foster interdisciplinary research learning and can be used as a tool for learning the basic concepts, as well as help deliberate on the emerging areas in the field of law.
Outcomes of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy With Regional Citrate Anticoagulation in Small Children After Cardiac Surgery: Experience and Protocol From a Single Center
Authors: Musielak Anna , Warzywoda Alfred , Wojtalik Michał , Kociński Bartłomiej , Kroll Paweł , Ostalska‐Nowicka Danuta , Zachwieja Jacek
Published: October 2016

Patients after a cardiac surgery in cardiopulmonary bypass often present an acute kidney failure. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often required. The aim of this study was to present effectiveness and safety of CRRT with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA‐CRRT) in small children after cardiac surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15 patients after cardiac surgery and who had RCA‐CRRT performed in 2014. The established protocol was followed. Mean time on the RCA‐CRRT was 192 h 40 min with the circuit mean lifetime of 43 h 33 min. Clotting was found to be a cause of shutdown in 29% of circuits. No severe electrolyte and metabolic disorders were observed. The RCA‐CRRT is a safe procedure for critically ill children with contraindications to the CRRT with heparin anticoagulation. To avoid adverse effects related to metabolic disorders a proper procedure protocol has to be followed.