bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence of lithium‐ion battery separator porous structure and performance on synchronous bidirectional drawing process regulation of β‐crystal polypropylene
Authors: Ding Lei , Li Dandan , Zhang Sihang , Du Fanghui , Zhang Daoxin , Yang Feng
Published: August 2023

Uneven separator porous construction inevitably raises lithium‐ion migration barriers within the separator and thus limits overall lithium‐ion battery (LIB) performance. In this research, serial LIB separators with various porous constructions were prepared precisely by adjusting the synchronous bidirectional drawing temperatures to confirm the bidirectional drawing mode‐determined porous constructions and subsequent mechanical properties, thermal stability and electrochemical properties of separators. Crystal structure analyses, porous construction diagnoses, mechanical property characterizations and electrochemical tests reveal the competitive relationship between lamella slip and separation during the synchronous bidirectional drawing process. Lamella slip weakens at lower drawing temperatures, enhancing lamella separation and molecular chain rupture within amorphous regions. Therefore, a separator with broken fibrils presents optimized permeability and smoothed ion migration channels, but inferior mechanical properties and thermal stability. Excessive temperature highlights lamella slip, which damages the pore‐forming process, worsens separator permeability and increases ion migration resistance. An appropriate drawing temperature of 100 °C maximally balances lamella slip and separation behaviors, retains intact fibrils and homogenized porous construction, which endows the separator with strengthened mechanical properties, isotropic thermal stability and optimized electrochemical performances. This study provides new insights for synchronous bidirectional drawing in practical separator fabrication and clarifies separator structure‐determined LIB performances. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Registration of USDA‐N7006 soybean germplasm with increased tolerance to drought stress and 37.5% pedigree from Asian accessions PI 416937 and PI 407859‐2
Authors: Fallen Benjamin D. , Mian M. A. Rouf , Robertson Marta H. , Powell Emily , Carter Thomas E.
Published: August 2023

USDA‐N7006 is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) maturity group (MG) VII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. no. GP‐525 , PI 702948) germplasm released jointly by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in January of 2023. USDA‐N7006 was released because of its drought tolerance, exotic parentage (37.5%), and high yield potential. USDA‐N7006 traces 12.5% of its parentage to PI 416937 from Japan and 25% to PI 407859‐2 from South Korea. USDA‐N7006 is the first North American soybean release derived from PI 407859‐2. USDA‐N7006 is an F4‐derived germplasm from the hybridization of USDA breeding lines TCPR01‐83 and N01‐11136. From 2015 to 2021, USDA‐N7006 was evaluated in 57 environments across the Southeast in the United Soybean Board (USB) Protein and Diversity MG VII Tests and the USDA Southern Soybean Preliminary and Uniform MG VII Tests. In the MG VII USDA and USB Protein and Diversity Tests, USDA‐N7006 yielded 96% and 98% of the check mean, respectively. Over six droughted environments in North Carolina and South Carolina, USDA‐N7006 exhibited less wilting (greater drought tolerance) than ‘USDA‐N8002’, a previously released cultivar exhibiting drought tolerance. The unique pedigree, delayed canopy wilting under drought stress, and high yield of USDA‐N7006 make it an excellent candidate for parental stock for soybean breeding programs aiming to improve drought tolerance.
Controlled, supramolecular polymer formulation to engineer hydrogels with tunable mechanical and dynamic properties
Authors: Rutten Martin G. T. A. , Rijns Laura , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: August 2023

Nature uses combined covalent (chemical bonds) and non‐covalent (physical bonds) synthesis in a highly, controlled multi‐step fashion to create functional materials with different mechanical and dynamic properties out of similar building blocks. Surprisingly, this control in fully synthetic systems remains elusive, even though the effects of formulation pathways on the assembly processes have been emphasized—highlighting the importance of and relationship between energy landscapes and function in synthetic systems. Here, we control multiple, coherent supramolecular assembly processes (fiber formation and crosslinking) to formulate hydrogels with tunable mechanical and dynamic properties. Hydrogels are prepared via two different formulation methods using similar building blocks (monofunctional and bifunctional supramolecular monomers), including (1) the mixing of the supramolecular monomers under basic conditions (Fbasic) and (2) the mixing of the supramolecular monomers under neutral conditions (Fneutral). In Fbasic, network formation is induced via simultaneous fiber formation and crosslinking, yielding homogeneously mixed networks which are dense, stiff (~10 kPa) and robust. In Fneutral, network formation is induced through sequential fiber formation and crosslinking, yielding heterogenous, soft (~2 kPa) and dynamic networks. With these results, we advance towards the controlled, multistep, non‐covalent synthesis to create larger hierarchical, functional structures, similar to nature.
Artificial RING finger reveals unique auto‐ubiquitination with E2 specificity
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuhide , Matsumoto Atsushi
Published: August 2023

Ubiquitin (Ub)‐conjugating enzymes (E2s) transfer activated Ub from Ub‐activating enzymes (E1s) to substrates and are associated with various cancers and neurological disorders. In this study, the unique properties of E2‐binding and auto‐ubiquitination of artificial RING fingers (ARFs) were demonstrated in ubiquitination assays. Circular dichroism spectra indicated the characteristic structures of ARFs. Point mutations of 31PKLTC35 in ARF by tryptophan (Trp) resulted in dramatic changes in E2 specificity and the type of Ub chain elongation of mono‐ and polyubiquitination. The Trp residue was a cue that changed the ubiquitination activity of ARF via E2‐binding. Furthermore, the ARF mutants interacted with all 11 E2s and then promoted auto‐ubiquitination. Thus, the use of the ARF mutants allowed specific detection of E2 activities during ubiquitination. The present study opens up a new avenue for researching E2 activities related to the fatal diseases.
Critical assessment of protein intrinsic disorder prediction (CAID) ‐ Results of round 2
Authors: Conte Alessio Del , Mehdiabadi Mahta , Bouhraoua Adel , Miguel Monzon Alexander , Tosatto Silvio C. E. , Piovesan Damiano
Published: August 2023

Protein intrinsic disorder (ID) is a complex and context‐dependent phenomenon that covers a continuum between fully disordered states and folded states with long dynamic regions. The lack of a ground truth that fits all ID flavors and the potential for order‐to‐disorder transitions depending on specific conditions makes ID prediction challenging. The CAID2 challenge aimed to evaluate the performance of different prediction methods across different benchmarks, leveraging the annotation provided by the DisProt database, which stores the coordinates of ID regions when there is experimental evidence in the literature. The CAID2 challenge demonstrated varying performance of different prediction methods across different benchmarks, highlighting the need for continued development of more versatile and efficient prediction software. Depending on the application, researchers may need to balance performance with execution time when selecting a predictor. Methods based on AlphaFold2 seem to be good ID predictors but they are better at detecting absence of order rather than ID regions as defined in DisProt. The CAID2 predictors can be freely used through the CAID Prediction Portal, and CAID has been integrated into OpenEBench, which will become the official platform for running future CAID challenges.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrical Properties of (Ho, Mn)‐Codoped Bismuth Ferrites Synthesized Through Solid‐State Route
Authors: Nair Soumya G. , Satapathy Jyotirmayee
Published: August 2023

Bismuth ferrites (BiFeO3) are popularly known as BFOs and have potential application at room temperature in present‐day material science and ceramic industry due to their multiferroic and optical properties. Synthesis methods, temperature treatments, and doping are effective for tuning the structural and multiferroic properties of BFO, among which rare earth metals in Bi‐site and transition metals in Fe‐site have shown interesting results. This work explores the synthesis and characterizations of (holmium, manganese)‐codoped BFOs where solid‐state synthesis route and some electrical analyses are the novel studies attempted herein. X‐ray diffraction results explain the structural transition from rhombohedral to mixed‐phase ordering. Grain formation and the elemental concentrations are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive ray spectra (EDAX). Electrical analysis such as dielectric behavior with respect to frequency and temperature impedance analysis is studied in detail. Polarization versus electric field (P–E) hysteresis loop shows the ferroelectric nature of the codoped sample with lossy nature and reduced remnant polarization with doping. The dielectric anomalies with frequency and temperature are analyzed in detail, and antiferromagnetic transition around Neel temperature is discussed.
Enhanced Dielectric and Mechanical Performances of the (La + Nb) Codoped TiO2/Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Zeng Yu , Tang Lu , Li Guijin
Published: August 2023

Silicone rubber (SR) has gained great interest because of its fast deformation response, low modulus, high rebound rate, and wide temperature application range. However, their development is hampered by the low dielectric constant. Adding dielectric ceramics may be a solution. Herein, (La + Nb) codoped TiO2/SR composites are fabricated and their properties are systematically tested. By adding codoped TiO2, the performances of the composites are enhanced. High permittivity (3.63) and low loss tangent (7.07 × 10−4) are gained in the SR composites with 30 wt% codoped TiO2. The evenly dispersed codoped TiO2and the enhanced interfacial polarization effect can be responsible for this. The composites also exhibit enhanced tensile strength (565 kPa) and elongation (259%). In addition, the SR composites are thermally stable up to 415 °C. These superior properties can improve the electrodeformation performance of SR composites, which has great potential in the fields of flexible actuators, bionic flexible robots, next‐generation intelligent medical devices, and green energy harvesting.
Multivariate nonparametric control charts based on projection pursuit
Authors: Li Jun
Published: August 2023

Multivariate nonparametric control charts are highly sought‐after due to their flexibility to adapt to different distribution assumptions. However, many of the existing multivariate nonparametric control charts are only distribution‐free for certain distribution families. Although those distribution families may contain different distributions, it is still difficult to verify whether the underlying multivariate distribution from a particular application belongs to those distribution families in practice. A few existing multivariate nonparametric control charts are fully nonparametric. As shown in the literature and in our simulation studies, most of them are not efficient in detecting location shifts. In this paper, we propose a new multivariate nonparametric control chart based on the idea of projection pursuit. The proposed control chart is fully nonparametric and can be applied to any multivariate distribution as long as its covariance matrix exists. The control limit of the proposed control chart only depends on the nominal , which makes its implementation much easier. Our simulation study and real data analysis show that the proposed control chart performs well across a variety of settings, and compares favorably with existing multivariate nonparametric control charts.
A two‐step log‐linear procedure for graphical representation and inference of associations in cross‐classified data for disease diagnosis
Authors: Vera J. Fernando , Roldán‐Nofuentes José A.
Published: August 2023

Biometrical sciences and disease diagnosis in particular, are often concerned with the analysis of associations for cross‐classified data, for which distance association models give us a graphical interpretation for non‐sparse matrices with a low number of categories. In this framework, usually binary exploratory and response variables are present, with analysis based on individual profiles being of great interest. For saturated models, we show the usual linear relationship for log‐linear models is preserved in full dimension for the distance association parameterization. This enables a two‐step procedure to facilitate the analysis and the interpretation of associations in terms of unfolding after the overall and main effects are removed. The proposed procedure can deal with cross‐classified data for profiles by binary variables, and it is easy to implement using traditional statistical software. For disease diagnosis, the problems of a degenerate solution in the unfolding representation, and that of determining significant differences between the profile locations are addressed. A hypothesis test of independence based on odds ratio is considered. Furthermore, a procedure is proposed to determine the causes of the significance of the test, avoiding the problem of error propagation. The equivalence between a test for equality of odds ratio pairs and the test for equality of location for two profiles in the unfolding representation in the disease diagnosis is shown. The results have been applied to a real example on the diagnosis of coronary disease, relating the odds ratios with performance parameters of the diagnostic test.
Synthesis, in vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Gloriosine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Goel Bharat , Naik Aliva , Tripathi Nancy , Khan Anjesh , Bansal Sunil , Bansal Shivani , Kumar Guru Santosh , Jain Shreyans K.
Published: August 2023

In the present work, series of C10‐amine and amide derivatives of gloriosine were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of six human cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231, U87, FaDu, SiHa, A549, and MCF‐7) of multiple tissue origin. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and MS experiments. In vitro cytotoxicity study showed that most of the C10‐amine derivatives demonstrated superior activity in two of the tested cell lines, namely U87 and FaDu cell lines, while C10‐amide derivatives showed poor activity in all the cell lines. The C10‐amine derivatives were subjected to molecular docking studies to explore their possible binding interactions with colchicine binding site of tubulin protein, and in‐silico ADME profiling to study the drug‐likeness. The C10‐amine derivatives may be less toxic than gloriosine towards normal cells and may provide the lead for anticancer drug development.
MOF‐Derived Ni/ZIF‐8/ZnO Arrays on Carbon Fiber Cloth for Efficient Adsorption‐Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yue , Ge Yu , Wang Ruoding , Liu Zifan , Yin Zhonglong , Yang Zhen , Liu Fuqiang , Yang Weiben
Published: August 2023

The catalytic oxidation of toxic organic pollutants in water requires enhanced efficiency for commercial applications. A ZnO nanorod array grown on a carbon fiber cloth (CFC) serves as the zinc source to ensure that the Ni/ZIF‐8/ZnO nanoreactor is constructed. The Ni/ZIF‐8/ZnO/CFC nanoreactor efficiently activates peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation owing to its high density of active sites, high adsorbability, and dispersibility structure, which concentrates catalytic and adsorptive sites within a confined space. Experimental and theoretical calculations clearly show that the introduction of Ni is beneficial for improving the adsorption of BPA and the activation of PMS. The synergistic mechanism of BPA adsorption–PMS activation is also investigated, and the degradation pathway of BPA is examined. Moreover, a filter catalytic unit is constructed using Ni/ZIF‐8/ZnO/CFC to achieve a continuous zero discharge of BPA, which is convenient for nanocatalyst recycling. This study aims to develop a new strategy for the removal of emerging organic pollutants from water using a system with strong adsorption and catalytic capabilities.
A Robust and Low‐Cost Sulfonated Hypercrosslinked Polymer for Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Schweng Paul , Mayer Florian , Galehdari Danial , Weiland Kathrin , Woodward Robert T.
Published: August 2023

The availability of freshwater is rapidly declining due to over‐exploitation and climate change, with multiple parts of the globe already facing significant freshwater scarcity. Here, a sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymer able to repeatedly harvest significant amounts of water via direct air capture is reported. Water uptake from relative humidities as low as 10% is demonstrated, mimicking some of the harshest environments on Earth. A water harvesting device is used to show repeated uptake and harvesting without significant detriment to adsorbent performance. Desorption is triggered using simulated sunlight, presenting a low‐energy route to water harvesting and adsorbent regeneration. The synthesis of sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymer requires only low‐cost and readily available reagents, offering excellent potential for scale‐up. Due to an almost limitless supply of water vapor from air in most regions around the globe, this approach can transform our ability to address water security concerns.
Location‐aware scalable service composition
Authors: Pozas García Nicolás , Durán Francisco , Moreno Berrocal Katia , Pimentel Ernesto
Published: August 2023

The problem of service composition is the process of assigning resources to services from a pool of available ones in the shortest possible time so that the overall quality of service is maximized. This article provides solutions for the composition problem that takes into account its scalability, services' locations, and users' restrictions, which are key for the management of applications using state‐of‐the‐art technologies. The provided solutions use different techniques, including genetic algorithms and heuristics. We provide an extensive experimental evaluation, which shows the pros and cons of each of them, and allows us to characterize the preferred option for each specific problem. Since no solution dominates the others, we propose a decision tree, based on our results, to select the best composition algorithm in each situation.
Alfaxalone‐nalbuphine‐dexmedetomidine intramuscular premedication in a captive caracal (Caracal caracal)
Authors: Parker Lindsay A. , Varner Kelley M. , Dodam John R.
Published: August 2023

Alfaxalone combinations have been widely used in domestic cats as a part of anaesthesia protocols. Given the advantages of these protocols in the domestic cat, and because caracals are in the same family as domesticated cats, we developed an immobilisation protocol based upon alfaxalone, nalbuphine and dexmedetomidine. A captive 13‐year‐old female caracal required general anaesthesia for a lower urinary tract workup and cystoscopy procedure. Due to temperament, physical examination (including thoracic auscultation) and laboratory workup before premedication was not performed. An immobilisation protocol using alfaxalone, nalbuphine and dexmedetomidine was used to induce anaesthesia. Isoflurane in oxygen was used for maintenance of anaesthesia, and hydromorphone was added for analgesia when it was determined that a surgical incision was required. The caracal did well under general anaesthesia, recovered uneventfully and was discharged the same day. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this drug combination in the caracal.
Applicability of total reflection x‐ray fluorescence for heavy metal analysis in Lake Baikal sponges
Authors: Pashkova Galina V. , Nikonova Alyona A. , Dylgerova Svetlana D. , Chuparina Elena V. , Maltsev Artem S. , Zhilicheva Alena N. , Belozerova Olga Yu. , Paradina Ludmila P. , Glyzina Olga Yu. , Khanaev Igor V.
Published: August 2023

Oxidative stress of Lake Baikal organisms can be caused by pollution of nearshore with anionic surfactants or heavy metals. Some specific heavy metals are essential for aquatic organisms. At present, there are no data concerning heavy metal content caused by anthropogenic pollution or chemotaxonomic features of Baikal sponges. Here, we consider the applicability of total reflection x‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) to analyze heavy metals in Lubomirskia baikalensis to fill this gap. It was shown that TXRF method can be successfully applied to the fast and reliable quantification of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in this object. Evaluation of different sample treatment procedures showed that the acid digestion by HNO3/H2O2 mixture is an optimal procedure for the preparation of sponges compared with suspension preparation. It helps to improve sensitivity, eliminate the effects of particle size and specimen heterogeneity. The total uncertainty of the TXRF results associated with the sample preparation, taking, depositing, and measuring of the specimen was 6%–18% for Mn, 3%–5% for Cu, 5%–12% for Fe, and 4%–5% for Zn. To validate the developed method, the TXRF results were compared with the data obtained by wavelength dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. A good agreement of results was achieved. TXRF data show the dominance of essential heavy metals in L. baikalensis (n = 14) among other heavy metals. Correlations between Cu/Zn contents (R2 = 0.515) as well as between Fe/Mn contents (R2 = 0.972) can be explained by the contribution of them to L. baikalensis antioxidant system.
Tumor spheroid with almost periodic nutrient and inhibitor supplies
Authors: Díaz–Marín Homero Geovani , Osuna Osvaldo
Published: August 2023

We describe the time‐evolution of a tumor spheroid without necrotic core using the quasi‐stationary reaction–diffusion approach. We assume that inhibitor and nutrient supplies are time‐dependent and oscillating by incorporating continuous almost periodic functions in the model. The functional form of the intensity of the mitosis is supposed to be the product of two linear functions depending on the nutrient concentration σ and of the inhibitor concentration, β, respectively. Under some mild conditions, we give criteria predicting two possible global asymptotic limits: either the tumor oscillates converging towards a stable global almost periodic solution or the tumor shrinks as time increases.
Assessing the Potential of VLBI Transmitters on Next Generation GNSS Satellites for Geodetic Products
Authors: Raut Shrishail , Glaser Susanne , Mammadaliyev Nijat , Schreiner Patrick , Neumayer Karl Hans , Schuh Harald
Published: August 2023

The next-generation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (NextGNSS) satellites are planned to be equipped with inter-satellite links and ultra-stable clocks as well as a dedicated Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) transmitter. This will enable the VLBI network to observe the satellites along with extra-galactic radio sources. The study aims to evaluate the potential benefits by placing VLBI transmitters on NextGNSS satellites. This will empower the NextGNSS to determine UT1-UTC, which is otherwise impossible directly. Furthermore, VLBI observations of satellites would allow for independent validation of satellite orbit determination. In this study, we investigate geodetic parameters such as station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERPs) and the impact of different network geometry on these parameters. Based on the initial findings, it appears that using satellites and quasars in VLBI can define a datum with No-Net Rotation (NNR) without the need for No-Net Translation (NNT) conditions. When both NNR and NNT are imposed, the Helmert transformation parameters are smaller compared to when only NNR is imposed. This can be improved by optimizing the network geometry. Furthermore, the study’s findings indicate that VLBI observations can determine the satellite’s orbit with cm-level accuracy. The performance of the ERPs is better in a uniformly distributed network especially when only NNR condition is imposed.
Visualization for the Safe Occupation of Workspaces
Authors: Gisquet Elsa , Rot Gwenaële
Published: August 2023

Through the example of the underground construction site for the extension of the Parisian subway, it will be analysed how, in this fluctuating, dark environment, visualization help to maintain safety requirements. How does visualization help with work? Based on the observation that pictorial representation can be used to drive and organize activities, this chapter will highlight the ways in which these visual artefacts advance safety in three ways, by helping participants inhabit, discuss, and synchronize their workspaces.
Screening Workplace Disaster: The Case of Only the Brave (2017)
Authors: Dixon Shane M. , Gawley Tim
Published: August 2023

Media influence how we define and engage with our world, shaping our interpretations, attitudes, behaviours. Feature films in which work-related injuries, deaths, and disasters are the storylines can convey occupational safety messages to large, diverse audiences. Films can entertain, act as “powerful” and “poignant” memorials to workers, heighten peoples’ awareness of events, and even deepen their understanding of the causes of workplace disasters. However, it is unclear how films actually represent the complexities of workplace injury and industrial disaster. We examined the film Only the Brave (di Bonaventura, Luckinbill (Producers), Kosinski (Director) in Only the Brave [Motion Picture] (Columbia Pictures, United States, 2017)), which recounts the story of the deaths of 19 wildland firefighters in America. In particular, we examine how the film portrays workplace disaster and the factors which  led up to the event. We discuss some strengths and limitations of feature films as a form of visualizing workplace disaster.
Educating Nuclear Workers Through Images: The Work of Jacques Castan, Illustrator of Radiation Protection in the 1960s
Authors: Portelli Aurélien , Lamare Frédérick , Travadel Sébastien , Guarnieri Franck
Published: August 2023

In France, the first industrial-scale nuclear reactors were built by the French Atomic Energy Commission at Marcoule during the fifties. Most of the staff who were recruited at the time knew nothing about such risks, and their inexperience made it difficult to protect them. In response, the Radiation Protection Service (SPR) developed a worker education programme. Its implementation drew upon the artistic talents of Jacques Castan, a draftsman of the SPR. This study highlights its contribution to worker education and showcases how its illustrations have captured the imaginary of the radiation protection. The focus on a series of posters dedicated to dosimetry devices identifies three elements—anxiety, anthropomorphism, sublimation—which represent an ambiguous relationship to radioactive risk. Such ambiguity can be compared to Girard’s definition of the “sacred”.
Occupational Safety in Revamping Operations: Visualising Spaces to Monitor Uncertainty
Authors: Stoessel Charles , Ciobanu Raluca
Published: August 2023

Deployed from 2009, the purpose of the Design Safety approach is, “to put in place the technical and/or organisational resources to reduce the risks incurred by those involved during the construction phase” (Mbaye and Saliou 2014). We seek to understand the role of spatial visualisation and workplace situations in risk prevention. A field study was conducted over a three-year period, suggesting that Design Safety involves strategic decision-making during upstream project phases, combined with operational decision-making during downstream phases, each with an impact on safety. In this context, the work of designers should be supported by specific artefacts (databases of photographs, technical documentation, 3D visualisation, etc.) to give them a better understanding of the workplace situation and visibility in terms of the risks incurred by the workers.
Negative flows of generalized KdV and mKdV hierarchies and their gauge-Miura transformations
Authors: Adans Ysla F. , França Guilherme , Gomes José F. , Lobo Gabriel V. , Zimerman Abraham H.
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The KdV hierarchy is a paradigmatic example of the rich mathematical structure underlying integrable systems and has far-reaching connections in several areas of theoretical physics. While the positive part of the KdV hierarchy is well known, in this paper we consider an affine Lie algebraic construction for its negative part. We show that the original Miura transformation can be extended to a gauge transformation that implies several new types of relations among the negative flows of the KdV and mKdV hierarchies. Contrary to the positive flows, such a “gauge-Miura” correspondence becomes degenerate whereby more than one negative mKdV model is mapped into a single negative KdV model. For instance, the sine-Gordon and another negative mKdV flow are mapped into a single negative KdV flow which inherits solutions of both former models. The gauge-Miura correspondence implies a rich degeneracy regarding solutions of these hierarchies. We obtain similar results for the generalized KdV and mKdV hierachies constructed with the affine Lie algebra $$ \hat{s\ell}\left(r+1\right) $$

s
ℓ

̂

r
+
1

. In this case the first negative mKdV flow corresponds to an affine Toda field theory and the gauge-Miura correspondence yields its KdV counterpart. In particular, we show explicitly a KdV analog of the Tzitzéica-Bullough-Dodd model. In short, we uncover a rich mathematical structure for the negative flows of integrable hierarchies obtaining novel relations and integrable systems.
Multi-scale Simulation of Subsequent Tsunami Waves in Japan Excited by Air Pressure Waves Due to the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Miyashita Takuya , Nishino Ai , Ho Tung-Cheng , Yasuda Tomohiro , Mori Nobuhito , Shimura Tomoya , Fukui Nobuki
Published: August 2023

The 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption generated tsunamis that propagated across the Pacific Ocean. Along the coast of Japan, nearshore amplification led to amplitudes of nearly 1 m at some locations, with varying peak tsunami occurrence times. The leading tsunami wave can generally be reproduced by Lamb waves, which are a type of air-pressure wave generated by an eruption. However, subsequent tsunamis that occurred several hours after the leading wave tended to be larger for unknown reasons. This study performs multi-scale numerical simulations to investigate subsequent tsunami waves in the vicinity of Japan induced by air pressure waves caused by the eruption. The atmospheric pressure field was created using a dispersion relation of atmospheric gravity wave and tuned by physical parameters based on observational records. The tsunami simulations used the adaptive mesh refinement method, incorporating detailed bathymetry and topography to solve the tsunami at various spatial scales. The simulations effectively reproduced the tsunami waveforms observed at numerous coastal locations, and results indicate that the factors contributing to the maximum tsunami amplitude differ by region. In particular, bay resonance plays a major role in determining the maximum amplitude at many sites along the east coast of Japan. However, large tsunami amplification at some west coast locations was not replicated, probably because it was caused by amplification during oceanic wave propagation rather than meteorological factors. These findings enhance our understanding of meteotsunami complexity and help distinguish tsunami amplification factors.
Noninvasive inter- and intrafractional motion control in ultrahypofractionated radiation therapy of prostate cancer using RayPilot HypoCath™—a substitute for gold fiducial-based IGRT?
Authors: Berchtold Johannes , Winkler Carmen , Karner Josef , Groher Michael , Gaisberger Christoph , Sedlmayer Felix , Wolf Frank
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In ultrahypofractionated radiation concepts, managing of intrafractional motion is mandatory because tighter margins are used and random errors resulting from prostate movement are not averaged out over a large number of fractions. Noninvasive live monitoring of prostate movement is a desirable asset for LINAC-based prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods

We prospectively analyzed a novel live tracking device (RayPilot HypoCath™; Micropos Medical AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) where a transmitter is noninvasively positioned in the prostatic urethra using a Foley catheter in 12 patients undergoing ultrahypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of the prostate. Gold fiducials (Innovative Technology Völp, Innsbruck, Austria) were implanted to allow comparison of accuracy and positional stability of the HypoCath system and its ability to be used as a standalone IGRT method. Spatial stability of the transponder was assessed by analyzing transmitter movement in relation to gold markers (GM) in superimposed kV image pairs. Inter- and intrafractional prostate movement and the impact of its correction were analyzed.

Results

A total of 64 fractions were analyzed. The average resulting deviation vector compared to the GM-based position was 1.2 mm and 0.7 mm for inter- and intrafractional motion, respectively. The mean intrafractional displacement vector of the prostate was 1.9 mm. Table readjustment due to exceeding the threshold of 3 mm was required in 18.8% of fractions. Repositioning reduced the time spent outside the 3‑mm margin from 7.9% to 3.8% of beam-on time. However, for individual patients, the time spent outside the 3‑mm margin was reduced from to 49% to 19%.

Conclusion

the HypoCath system allows highly accurate and robust intrafractional motion monitoring. In conjunction with cone beam CT (CBCT) for initial patient setup, it could be used as a standalone image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) system.
Gender differences in the associations between childhood adversity and psychopathology in the general population
Authors: Prachason Thanavadee , Mutlu Irem , Fusar-Poli Laura , Menne-Lothmann Claudia , Decoster Jeroen , van Winkel Ruud , Collip Dina , Delespaul Philippe , De Hert Marc , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Jacobs Nele , Wichers Marieke , van Os Jim , Rutten Bart P. F. , Pries Lotta-Katrin , Guloksuz Sinan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To explore gender differences of the associations between childhood adversity (CA) subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population.

Methods

Data of 791 participants were retrieved from a general population twin cohort. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess overall psychopathology with nine symptom domains scores and total CA with exposure to five CA subtypes, respectively. The associations between CA and psychopathology were analyzed in men and women separately and were subsequently compared.

Results

Total CA was associated with total SCL-90 and all symptom domains without significant gender differences. However, the analyses of CA subtypes showed that the association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 was stronger in women compared to men [χ2(1) = 4.10, P = 0.043]. Sexual abuse was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in women, but emotional neglect and physical neglect were associated with total SCL-90 in men. Exploratory analyses of CA subtypes and SCL-90 subdomains confirmed the pattern of gender-specific associations. In women, emotional abuse was associated with all symptom domains, and sexual abuse was associated with all except phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. In men, emotional neglect was associated with depression, and physical neglect was associated with phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive–compulsive, paranoid ideation, and hostility subdomains.

Conclusion

CA is a trans-syndromal risk factor regardless of gender. However, differential associations between CA subtypes and symptom manifestation might exist. Abuse might be particularly associated with psychopathology in women, whereas neglect might be associated with psychopathology in men.
The Space Complexity of Sum Labelling
Authors: Fernau Henning , Gajjar Kshitij
Published: August 2023

A graph is called a sum graph if its vertices can be labelled by distinct positive integers such that there is an edge between two vertices if and only if the sum of their labels is the label of another vertex of the graph. Most papers on sum graphs consider combinatorial questions like the minimum number of isolated vertices that need to be added to a given graph to make it a sum graph. In this paper, we initiate the study of sum graphs from the viewpoint of computational complexity. Notice that every n-vertex sum graph can be represented by a sorted list of n positive integers where edge queries can be answered in $$\mathscr {O}(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

time. Therefore, upper-bounding the numbers used as vertex labels also upper-bounds the space complexity of storing the graph in the database. We show that every n-vertex, m-edge, d-degenerate graph can be made a sum graph by adding at most m isolated vertices to it, such that the largest numbers used as vertex labels grows as $$\mathscr {O}(n^2d)$$

O
(

n
2

d
)

. This enables us to store the graph using $$\mathscr {O}(m\log n)$$

O
(
m
log
n
)

bits of memory. For sparse graphs (graphs with $$\mathscr {O}(n)$$

O
(
n
)

edges), this matches the trivial lower bound of $$\Omega (n\log n)$$

Ω
(
n
log
n
)

. As planar graphs and forests have constant degeneracy, our result implies an upper bound of $$\mathscr {O}(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

on their label numbers. The previously best known upper bound on the numbers needed for labelling general graphs with the minimum number of isolated vertices was $$\mathscr {O}(4^n)$$

O
(

4
n

)

, due to Kratochvíl, Miller & Nguyen (2001). Furthermore, their proof was existential, whereas our labelling can be constructed in polynomial time.
The Use of Posterior Auricular Fascia Graft (PAFG) for Slight Dorsal Augmentation and Irregular Dorsum Coverage in Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty: A Prospective Study
Authors: La Padula Simone , Pensato Rosita , Pizza Chiara , Rega Umberto , D’Andrea Francesco , Roccaro Giovanni , Ungerer Lucas , Telesco Fabrizia , Canta Luigi , Longo Benedetto , Al-Amer Rasmieh , Meningaud Jean-Paul , Hersant Barbara , Coiante Edoardo
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Augmentation and coverage of irregularities of the nasal dorsum remain a challenge in rhinoplasty. Different techniques have been described in the current literature for this purpose. The aim of this study is to assess and illustrate the author experience and outcomes using the posterior auricular fascia graft (PAFG) for dorsal camouflage and augmentation in primary and revision rhinoplasty.

Material and Methods

A prospective bicentric study was conducted, including patients with slight dorsal deficiencies and/or with dorsal irregularities following hump resection, trauma or previous rhinoplasty receiving PAFG to improve the rhinoplasty outcome. To objectively assess the graft resorption rate, MRI was performed 2 weeks and 18 months after surgery. To investigate patient satisfaction, the preoperative and 1-year postoperative scores obtained using the rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE) scale were compared. The scores following a normal distribution obtained for each patient were compared using a paired t-test.

Results

Forty-five patients were enroled in this study. Average follow-up duration was 35.4 months. Patients’ age ranged from 17 to 57 years. No cases of infection or major graft resorption were observed. No postoperative scars were visible at the donor site. All patients were satisfied after surgery, and a statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative scores (p<0.0001) was observed.

Conclusion

This study showed that PAFG is a reliable technique for dorsal camouflage and slight augmentation in primary and revision rhinoplasty. The procedure is safe, easy and quick and only requires a small learning curve.

Level of Evidence II

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Does experience change the role of systematic biopsy during MRI-fusion biopsy of the prostate?
Authors: Jahnen Matthias , Amiel Thomas , Wagner Tobias , Kirchhoff Florian , Büchler Jakob W. , Düwel Charlotte , Koll Florestan , Westenfelder Kay , Horn Thomas , Herkommer Kathleen , Meissner Valentin H. , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Lunger Lukas
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To determine the role of biopsy experience regarding a potential benefit of additional systematic biopsies and fusion failures during MRI-targeted biopsy of the prostate.

Subjects/patients and methods

We retrospectively evaluated 576 men undergoing transrectal (MRI)-targeted biopsy of the prostate by seven residents in urology between November 2019 and March 2022. Benefit of systematic biopsies (detection of ISUP ≥ 2 PCa (clinically significant PCa (csPCa)) solely in systematic biopsies) and fusion failure (detection of csPCa during systematic biopsies in the area of a reported MRI-lesion and no detection of csPCa in targeted biopsy) were compared by growing biopsy experience levels. Multivariable regression analyses were calculated to investigate the association with benefit of systematic biopsies and fusion failure.

Results

The overall PCa detection rate was 72% (413/576). A benefit of systematic biopsies was observed in 11% (63/576); of those, fusion failure was seen in 76% (48/63). Benefit of systematic biopsies and fusion failure were more common among residents with very low experience compared to highly experienced residents (18% versus 4%, p = 0.026; 13% versus 3%, p = 0.015, respectively). Increasing biopsy experience was associated with less benefit from systematic biopsies (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99) and less fusion failure (OR: 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99).

Conclusions

The benefit of systematic biopsies following targeted biopsy decreases with growing biopsy experience. The higher risk of fusion failure among inexperienced residents necessitates systematic biopsies to ensure the detection of csPCa. Further prospective trials are warranted before a targeted only approach can be recommended in routine clinical practice.
The effects of substituting red and processed meat for mycoprotein on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in healthy volunteers: an analysis of secondary endpoints from Mycomeat
Authors: Farsi Dominic N. , Gallegos Jose Lara , Finnigan Tim J. A. , Cheung William , Munoz Jose Munoz , Commane Daniel M.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Mycoprotein is a relatively novel food source produced from the biomass of Fusarium venenatum. It has previously been shown to improve CVD risk markers in intervention trials when it is compared against total meat. It has not hitherto been assessed specifically for benefits relative to red and processed meat.

Methods

We leveraged samples from Mycomeat, an investigator-blind randomised crossover controlled trial in metabolically healthy male adults (n = 20), randomised to consume 240 g/day of red and processed meat for 14 days followed by mycoprotein, or vice versa. Blood biochemical indices were a priori defined secondary endpoints.

Results

Mycoprotein consumption led to a 6.74% reduction in total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and 12.3% reduction in LDL cholesterol (P = 0.02) from baseline values. Change in fasted triglycerides was not significantly different between diets (+ 0.19 ± 0.11 mmol/l with mycoprotein, P = 0.09). There was a small but significant reduction in waist circumference for mycoprotein relative to meat (− 0.95 ± 0.42 cm, P = 0.04). Following the mycoprotein diet, mean systolic (− 2.41 ± 1.89 mmHg, P = 0.23) and diastolic blood pressure (− 0.80 ± 1.23 mmHg, P = 0.43) were reduced from baseline. There were no statistically significant effects of the intervention on urinary sodium, nitrite or TMAO; while urinary potassium (+ 126.12 ± 50.30 mmol/l, P = 0.02) and nitrate (+ 2.12 ± 0.90 mmol/l, P = 0.04) were both significantly higher with mycoprotein relative to meat. The study population comprised metabolically healthy adults, therefore, changes in plasma lipids had little effect on cardiovascular risk scores (− 0.34% FRS for mycoprotein P = 0.24).

Conclusions

These results confirm potential cardiovascular benefits when displacing red and processed meat with mycoprotein in the diet. Longer trials in higher risk study populations are needed to fully elucidate suggested benefits for blood pressure and body composition.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03944421.
Identification of patients at high risk for brain death using an automated digital screening tool: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Schoene Daniela , Freigang Norman , Trabitzsch Anne , Pleul Konrad , Kaiser Daniel P. O. , Roessler Martin , Winzer Simon , Hugo Christian , Günther Albrecht , Puetz Volker , Barlinn Kristian
Published: August 2023

Background

An automated digital screening tool (DETECT) has been developed to aid in the early identification of patients who are at risk of developing brain death during critical care.

Methods

This prospective diagnostic accuracy study included consecutive patients ≥ 18 years admitted to neurocritical care for primary or secondary acute brain injury. The DETECT screening tool searched routinely monitored patient data in the electronic medical records every 12 h for a combination of coma and absence of bilateral pupillary light reflexes. In parallel, daily neurological assessment was performed by expert neurointensivists in all patients blinded to the index test results. The primary target condition was the eventual diagnosis of brain death. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy along with their 95%-confidence intervals were calculated to assess the screening performance of DETECT.

Results

During the 12-month study period, 414 patients underwent neurological assessment, with 8 (1.9%) confirmed cases of brain death. DETECT identified 54 positive patients and sent 281 notifications including 227 repeat notifications. The screening tool had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 63.1–100%) in identifying patients who eventually developed brain death, with no false negatives. The mean time from notification to confirmed diagnosis of brain death was 3.6 ± 3.2 days. Specificity was 88.7% (95% CI 85.2–91.6%), with 46 false positives. The overall accuracy of DETECT for confirmed brain death was 88.9% (95% CI 85.5–91.8%).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that an automated digital screening tool that utilizes routinely monitored clinical data may aid in the early identification of patients at risk of developing brain death.