bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Psychology of Home Environments
Authors: Graham Lindsay T. , Gosling Samuel D. , Travis Christopher K.
Published: May 2015

Homes are important: People devote much of their thought, time, and resources to selecting, modifying, and decorating their living spaces, and they may be devastated when their homes must be sold or are destroyed. Yet the empirical psychological literature says virtually nothing about the roles that homes might play in people’s lives. We argue that homes provide an informative context for a wide variety of studies examining how social, developmental, cognitive, and other psychological processes play out in a consequential real-world setting. The topic of homes is also well suited to collaborations with a diverse array of disciplines ranging from architecture and engineering to sociology and law. We illustrate the potential insights to be gained from studying homes with an exploratory study that maps the psychological ambiances (e.g., romance, comfort, togetherness) that people desire in their homes; we identify six broad ambiance dimensions (restoration, kinship, storage, stimulation, intimacy, productivity) that show mean differences across rooms. We connect these findings to existing work on situation selection in emotion regulation. These ideas provide only an initial foray into the domain of residential space, but they hint at the productive roles that homes and other spaces could play in psychological theorizing and research.
Reducing tension–compression yield asymmetry by free end torsion in extruded Mg alloy
Authors: Chen H.B. , Liu T.M. , Zhang Y. , Zhai Y.B. , He J.J.
Published: May 2015

Free end torsion was carried out on extruded Mg alloy AZ31. Subsequently, tension or compression was implemented on pretorsion specimens. The microstructures of samples with 100 and 200° of pretorsion reveal that no obvious change has occurred; however, samples with 300 and 400° of pretorsion show that there are extensive twins. Compressive yield stress of pretorsion samples increases with increasing pretorsion angle. However, their tensile yield stress exhibits practically the same value with extruded samples. Consequently, yield asymmetry ratio increases from 0.55 of extruded sample to 0.84 of sample with 400° of pretorsion. Both textures rotated around the radial axis by free end torsion, and different deformation mechanisms of compression and tension deformation result in decrease in yield asymmetry.
Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Williams S. W. , Martina F. , Addison A. C. , Ding J. , Pardal G. , Colegrove P.
Published: May 2015

Depositing large components (>10 kg) in titanium, aluminium, steel and other metals is possible using Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing. This technology adopts arc welding tools and wire as feedstock for additive manufacturing purposes. High deposition rates, low material and equipment costs, and good structural integrity make Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing a suitable candidate for replacing the current method of manufacturing from solid billets or large forgings, especially with regards to low and medium complexity parts. A variety of components have been successfully manufactured with this process, including Ti–6Al–4V spars and landing gear assemblies, aluminium wing ribs, steel wind tunnel models and cones. Strategies on how to manage residual stress, improve mechanical properties and eliminate defects such as porosity are suggested. Finally, the benefits of non-destructive testing, online monitoring and in situ machining are discussed.
Quantitative assessment of background parenchymal enhancement in breast MRI predicts response to risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: preliminary evaluation in a cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
Authors: Wu Shandong , Weinstein Susan P , DeLeo Michael J , Conant Emily F , Chen Jinbo , Domchek Susan M , Kontos Despina
Published: May 2015

Introduction

We present a fully automated method for deriving quantitative measures of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) from breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and perform a preliminary evaluation of these measures to assess the effect of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in a cohort of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) mutation carriers.

Methods

Breast DCE-MRI data from 50 BRCA1/2 carriers were retrospectively analyzed in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and with institutional review board approval. Both the absolute (| |) and relative (%) measures of BPE and fibroglandular tissue (FGT) were computed from the MRI scans acquired before and after RRSO. These pre-RRSO and post-RRSO measures were compared using paired Student’s t test. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the performance of relative changes in the BPE and FGT measures in predicting breast cancer that developed in these women after the RRSO surgery.

Results

For the 44 women who did not develop breast cancer after RRSO, the absolute volume of BPE and FGT had a significant decrease (P < 0.05) post-RRSO, whereas for the 6 women who developed breast cancer, there were no significant changes in these measures. Higher values in all BPE and FGT measures were also observed post-RRSO for the women who developed breast cancer, compared with women who did not. Relative changes in BPE percentage were most predictive of women who developed breast cancer after RRSO (P < 0.05), whereas combining BPE percentage and |FGT| yielded an AUC of 0.80, higher than BPE percentage (AUC = 0.78) or |FGT| (AUC = 0.66) alone (both P > 0.02).

Conclusions

Quantitative measures of BPE and FGT are different before and after RRSO, and their relative changes are associated with prediction of developing breast cancer, potentially indicative of women who are more susceptible to develop breast cancer after RRSO in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Titanium surface modification by using microwave-induced argon plasma in various conditions to enhance osteoblast biocompatibility
Authors: Seon Gyeung Mi , Seo Hyok Jin , Kwon Soon Young , Lee Mi Hee , Kwon Byeong-Ju , Kim Min Sung , Koo Min-Ah , Park Bong Joo , Park Jong-Chul
Published: May 2015

Background

Titanium is a well proven implantable material especially for osseointegratable implants by its biocompatibility and anti-corrosive surface properties. Surface characteristics of the implant play an important role for the evolution of bone tissue of the recipient site. Among the various surface modification methods, plasma treatment is one of the promising methods for enhance biocompatibility. We made microwave-induced argon plasma at atmospheric pressure to improve in titanium surface biocompatibility.

Results

Various states of emission spectra from excited species-argon, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms were observed. The electron energy band structures are the unique characteristics of atoms and functional groups. Microwave-induced argon plasma treatment changed the titanium surface to be very hydrophilic especially on the 5 s short treatment and 30 s, 90 s long treatment samples that detected by contact angle measurement. MC3T3-E1 attachment and proliferation assay significantly increased in 5 s at short treatment, 30 s, and 90 s at long treatment after 5 days incubation.

Conclusions

Result indicated that microwave-induce argon plasma treatment would be an effective method to modify titanium surface for enhancing cell-material interactions.
Variation in Positron Emission Tomography Use After Colon Cancer Resection
Authors: Bailey Christina E. , Hu Chung-Yuan , You Y. Nancy , Kaur Harmeet , Ernst Randy D. , Chang George J.
Published: May 2015

PET use after colon cancer resection is increasing. Further study is needed to understand the clinical value and effectiveness of PET scans and the reasons for this departure from guideline-concordant care.
Impact of Ibrutinib and Idelalisib on the Pharmaceutical Cost of Treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia at the Individual and Societal Levels
Authors: Shanafelt Tait D. , Borah Bijan J. , Finnes Heidi D. , Chaffee Kari G. , Ding Wei , Leis Jose F. , Chanan-Khan Asher A. , Parikh Sameer A. , Slager Susan L. , Kay Neil E. , Call Tim G.
Published: May 2015

Although ibrutinib and idelalisib are profound treatment advances, they will dramatically increase individual out-of-pocket and societal costs of caring for patients with CLL.
Use of Imaging for Staging of Early-Stage Breast Cancer in Two Integrated Health Care Systems: Adherence With a Choosing Wisely Recommendation
Authors: Hahn Erin E. , Tang Tania , Lee Janet S. , Munoz-Plaza Corrine , Adesina Joyce O. , Shen Ernest , Rowley Braden , Maeda Jared L. , Mosen David M. , Ruckdeschel John C. , Gould Michael K.
Published: May 2015

Use of imaging for staging of low-risk breast cancer was similar in both systems, and slightly lower than has been reported in the literature.
Provider Perspective on the Payer Perspective: What's in It for Me?
Authors: Stella Philip J. , Harrison Kimberley A.
Published: May 2015

For programs aimed at addressing the rising costs of cancer care, certain factors must exist, including a sufficient patient population at a practice level eligible for payer reimbursable care management services.
Big Data Infrastructure for Cancer Outcomes Research: Implications for the Practicing Oncologist
Authors: Meyer Anne-Marie , Basch Ethan
Published: May 2015

Big data on real-world patients and practices are essential for answering questions regarding treatment effectiveness and long-term outcomes.
Dilogarithm identities for conformal field theories and cluster algebras: Simply laced case
Authors: Nakanishi Tomoki
Published: May 2015

The dilogarithm identities for the central charges of conformal field theories of simply laced type were conjectured by Bazhanov, Kirillov, and Reshetikhin. Their functional generalizations were conjectured by Gliozzi and Tateo. They have been partly proved by various authors. We prove these identities in full generality for any pair of Dynkin diagrams of simply laced type based on the cluster algebra formulation of the Y-systems.
Quantitative extensions of pluricanonical forms and closed positive currents
Authors: Berndtsson Bo , Păun Mihai
Published: May 2015

We establish here several “invariance of plurigenera type” theorems for twisted pluricanonical forms and metrics of adjoint ℝ-bundles.
Lowest weights in cohomology of variations of Hodge structure
Authors: Peters Chris , Saito Morihiko
Published: May 2015

LetXbe an irreducible complex analytic space withj:U ↪ Xan immersion of a smooth Zariski-open subset, and let 𝕍 be a variation of Hodge structure of weightnoverU. Assume thatXis compact Kähler. Then, provided that the local monodromy operators at infinity are quasi-unipotent,IHk(X, 𝕍) is known to carry a pure Hodge structure of weightk+n, whileHk(U, 𝕍) carries a mixed Hodge structure of weight at leastk+n. In this note it is shown that the image of the natural mapIHk(X, 𝕍) →Hk(U, 𝕍) is the lowest-weight part of this mixed Hodge structure. In the algebraic case this easily follows from the formalism of mixed sheaves, but the analytic case is rather complicated, in particular when the complementX — Uis not a hypersurface.
Supplement to classification of threefold divisorial contractions
Authors: Kawakita Masayuki
Published: May 2015

Every threefold divisorial contraction to a non-Gorenstein point is a weighted blowup.
Finite symplectic actions on the K3 lattice
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we study finite symplectic actions on K3 surfaces X, that is, actions of finite groups G on X which act on H2,0(X) trivially. We show that the action on the K3 lattice H2(X, ℤ) induced by a symplectic action of G on X depends only on G up to isomorphism, except for five groups.
Computing certain Gromov-Witten invariants of the crepant resolution of ℙ(1, 3, 4, 4)
Authors: Boissière Samuel , Mann Étienne , Perroni Fabio
Published: May 2015

We prove a formula computing the Gromov-Witten invariants of genus zero with three marked points of the resolution of the transversal A3-singularity of the weighted projective space ℙ(1,3,4,4) using the theory of deformations of surfaces with An-singularities. We use this result to check Ruan’s conjecture for the stack ℙ(1,3,4,4).
Cohen-Macaulay edge ideal whose height is half of the number of vertices
Authors: Crupi Marilena , Rinaldo Giancarlo , Terai Naoki
Published: May 2015

We consider a class of graphs G such that the height of the edge ideal I(G) is half of the number #V(G) of the vertices. We give Cohen-Macaulay criteria for such graphs.
On Eells-Sampson’s existence theorem for harmonic maps via exponentially harmonic maps
Authors: Omori Toshiaki
Published: May 2015

In this note, we introduce an approximation of harmonic maps via a sequence of exponentially harmonic maps. We then reestablish the existence theorem of harmonic maps due to Eells and Sampson.
IKKα is involved in kidney recovery and regeneration of acute ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through IL-10-producing regulatory T cells
Authors: Wan Xin , Hou Li-jun , Zhang Li-yuan , Huang Wen-Juan , Liu Lin , Zhang Qian , Hu Bo , Chen Wen , Chen Xin , Cao Chang-Chun
Published: May 2015

The recovery phase after kidney ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is associated often with the suppression of inflammation and the proliferation of tubular epithelial cells (TECs). The duration of the recovery phase after kidney ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is often determined by the suppression of inflammation and the proliferation of tubular epithelial cells (TECs).Several lines of evidence suggest that IκB kinase alpha (IKKα) not only promotes the production of anti-inflammatory factors and/or prevents the production of inflammatory factors, but also induces cell differentiation and regeneration accompanied and suppresses inflammation. We hypothesized that IKKα could participate in the kidney repair after IR injury. In this study, using a mouse of acute kidney injury (AKI) model, we found that IKKα mediated the repairing of kidney by infiltrated Treg cells, which can produce anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. And that IKKα culminated in the proliferation of the surviving TECs and suppression of inflammation. In addition, we proved that the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in TECs was consistent with the infiltration of IL-10 producing Treg cells. We conclude that IKKα is involved in kidney recovery and regeneration through the Treg cells that can produce IL-10, which might be a potential therapeutic target used to promote kidney repair after IR injury.
Morphology Control of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework by Addition of Amino Acid l-Histidine
Authors: Gu Xiaoli , Zhou Kang , Feng Yi , Yao Jianfeng
Published: May 2015

Amino acid l-histidine was introduced to the preparation of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-L with controllable morphologies. Thick leaf-like particles (2–3 µm in length) with a thickness of about 1 µm were prepared, and their crystallinity decreased when less l-histidine was used. The decreased amount of water in the precursor solution resulted in a morphology change from a leaf-like structure to irregular microsized particles. The regulation of ZIF crystal morphology will lead to more versatile applications of ZIFs as functional materials in separation and adsorption.
Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Sputum using Selective Enrichment Broth and Ashdown’s Medium at Kampong Cham Provincial Hospital, Cambodia
Authors: Nhem Somary , Letchford Joanne , Meas Chea , Thann Sovanndeth , McLaughlin James C. , Baron Ellen Jo , West T. Eoin
Published: May 2015

Melioidosis, infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is increasingly reported in Cambodia. We hypothesized that implementation of an enhanced sputum testing protocol in a provincial hospital diagnostic microbiology laboratory would increase detection of B. pseudomallei. We tested 241 sputum specimens that were deemed acceptable for culture, comparing culture in selective enrichment broth followed by sub-culture on Ashdown’s medium to standard culture methods. Two specimens (0.8%) were positive for B. pseudomallei using the enhanced protocol whereas one specimen (0.4%) was positive using standard methods. Given the low numbers of positive specimens, we could not conclusively determine the utility of the enhanced sputum testing protocol. However, the ramifications of identification of B. pseudomallei are substantial, and the benefit of the enhanced testing protocol may be more apparent in patients selected based on risk factors and clinical presentation. Promoting clinician awareness of the infection and encouraging utilization of diagnostic microbiology services are also likely to be important factors in facilitating identification of melioidosis.
Monitoring of Physical Culture and Sport Efficiency in Drug Prevention of Students
Authors: ��������  , Kudinova Viktoriya
Published: May 2015

On the example of the prevalence of drug addiction we have tried to transform the survey results in estimates of utilization of physical culture and sports in the preventive work. We asked 20 questions to High school students. The first ten questions were dedicated to the physical activity of students and another ten questions were focused on bad habits and the possibility of initiation of drug abuse. Next we were ranked four levels (4-point scale) of the answers to each question. Then the questions were distributed in levels of development. The responses to each question were evaluated in the range of a certain level, and for each answer to the question of compliance factors were identified, leading out to the band index. This method allowed quantitatively characterize the levels of manifestation of each block of questions, some questions and a comprehensive index. To determine the effect of the results of the bad habits and the degree of risk of drug addiction that depends on formation of healthy lifestyle skills identified the necessary statistical characteristics (mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficients) for each indicator. We have developed an evaluation of the implementation possibilities secondary educational institutions for the prevention of drug abuse of pupils by means of physical culture and sports. The presented approach enables us not only to assess various quality parameters analyzed (productivity, efficiency and the ability to implement) and to highlight the best and the worst results, but also makes it possible to identify specific recommendations for the use of physical culture and sports in the prevention of drug abuse, and to indicate positive and negative aspects of this work.
Psychological, Pedagogical and Technological Aspects of IT-Teacher�s Readiness for Professional Activity
Authors: ���������  , Mukhidinov M.
Published: May 2015

The implementation of the introduction of the federal state educational standard radically changes the perception of the goals and priorities of general education and focuses on achieving new educational outcomes, which leads to the need to improve the structural and functional components of the educational system and the appropriate adjustments in the content of components of teacher´s professional activity. In this aspect, the article examines the development of technologic, psychological and pedagogical components of professional work of IT-teacher.
Evaluating Venture Technical Competence in Venture Capitalist Investment Decisions
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Kryscynski David , Singh Harpreet
Published: May 2015

Although much research emphasizes the importance of venture technical competence for venture success and, therefore, the importance of venture technical competence in venture capitalist (VC) investment decisions, we know little about why some VCs may be better than others at assessing the technical competence of ventures. We gathered unique and proprietary data from 33 VCs and 308 ventures that sought Series A funding from those VCs. We show that VC assessment of ventures predicts VC investment, and venture technical competence predicts subsequent venture failure. This means that VCs that overassess ventures are more likely to invest in firms that are more likely to fail. We then show that higher VC technical competence leads to lower errors in assessment, but that greater similarity between the VC and venture in technical competence leads to higher assessments, ceteris paribus. We thus conclude that VC competence enhances the accuracy of VC assessments, but similarity in technical competence between VCs and ventures may lead to positive assessment bias.

This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
Temporal and spatial patterns of Cl- and Na+ concentrations and Cl/Na ratios in salted urban watersheds
Authors: Long David T. , Voice Thomas C. , Chen Ao , Xing Fangli , Li Shu-Guang
Published: May 2015

The study of sodium and chloride in the environment has a long history with a particular focus on road salting in urban areas. In many studies, spatial scales are limited (e.g., city) and temporal measurements are coarse (e.g., monthly), with the result that our understanding of the hydrogeochemical dynamics is constrained. Through a unique set of spatial and temporal measurements from the State of Michigan we a) examine the spatial distribution of chloride across a broad geographic area, b) explore the temporal behavior of chloride and sodium over hydrologic events capturing snowmelt and rain through salting seasons, c) evaluate the use of chloride/sodium ratios as a tool for linking sources to concentrations, and d) develop a conceptual framework for processes responsible for their environmental concentrations. Results show 1) the short-term and local impact of urban areas on chloride concentrations is clearly delineated, 2) concentration and ratio variations over the hydrographs differ during salting and post-salting periods, 3) chloride/sodium ratios do not clearly indicate a halite source and can be very high (>5) and this is interpreted to be due to the different environmental behaviors of the two ions, and 4) during salting periods, chloride and sodium are quickly removed from the landscape during first flush and diluted as event water begins to dominate, but in post salting periods, only chloride is diluted. We also find evidence for upwelling of brine in some locations. These two solutes are easily measured indicators of human influences on water quality and it is recommended that they routine be included in water quality assessments. However, we suggest more research is necessary to better understand their cycling on shorter time scales and then how this knowledge can be used to inform our understanding of other chemical cycles in the environment.
Symptoms and functional status of palliative care patients in Iceland
Authors: Gestsdottir Bryndis , Hjaltadottir Ingibjorg , Gudmannsdottir Gudrun Dora , Jonsson Palmi V , Gunnarsdottir Sigridur , Sigurdardottir Valgerdur
Published: May 2015

Background:

Palliative care patients experience many debilitating symptoms and functional loss, but few longitudinal studies on the subject are available.

Aims:

To assess the symptoms and functional status of patients admitted to specialised palliative care, to investigate whether changes occur over the admission period, and to establish whether symptoms and physical and cognitive function differ, based on the service setting. In addition, to participate in the development of the interRAI Palliative Care instrument (interRAI PC).

Methods:

A prospective longitudinal study (N=123) was conducted at three time points: at admission to specialised palliative care, 14 days post-admission, and at discharge or death. The interRAI PC version 8 was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used, together with the Friedman statistical test and Wilcoxon post-hoc test.

Results:

Patients experienced a wide spectrum of symptoms; the most frequent were fatigue, loss of appetite, pain, difficulty sleeping, insufficient nutritional intake and nausea. Some symptoms stayed relatively stable over time, but others increased, while physical and cognitive function decreased over time. The interRAI PC version 8 proved comprehensive and simple to use.

Conclusions:

Patients experienced a significant symptom burden and functional loss from admission to discharge or death. Symptoms indicating progressive deterioration became more frequent and severe, while physical and cognitive function decreased at all levels. Overall, inpatients had more symptoms and functional decline than home-care patients. The interRAI PC version 8 proved valuable in collecting clinical information and detecting changes over time as other interRAI suite instruments.
Managing pain medications in long-term care: nurses' views
Authors: Kaasalainen Sharon , Agarwal Gina , Dolovich Lisa , Brazil Kevin , Papaioannou Alexandra
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of their current practices related to administering pain medications to long-term care (LTC) residents. A cross-sectional survey design was used, including both quantitative and open-ended questions. Data were collected from 165 nurses (59% response rate) at nine LTC homes in southern Ontario, Canada. The majority (85%) felt that the medication administration system was adequate to help them manage residents' pain and 98% felt comfortable administering narcotics. In deciding to administer a narcotic, nurses were influenced by pain assessments, physician orders, diagnosis, past history, effectiveness of non-narcotics and fear of making dosage miscalculations or developing addictions. Finally, most nurses stated that they trusted the physicians and pharmacists to ensure orders were safe. These findings highlight nurses' perceptions of managing pain medications in LTC and related areas where continuing education initiatives for nurses are needed.
Saying the wrong thing
Authors: Freshwater Ed
Published: May 2015

Ed Freshwater discusses the perils of social media and the boundaries that separate compassion and professionalism. Whatever you do, he says, never add patients as friends on Facebook!
Meeting and supporting students who have parents with mental ill-health
Authors: Hammarlund Kina
Published: May 2015

Mental ill-health is an increasing problem in Swedish society. If a parent is suffering from mental illness, it can have negative consequences for the child's wellbeing, health and developmental process. The challenge for school nurses is to identify and support these students. The aim of this study is to describe school nurses' experiences from meeting and supporting students who have parents with mental ill-health. Interviews with six school nurses were performed after snowball recruitment with purposive sampling and analysed using qualitative content analysis. School nurses' experience of meeting and supporting students who have parents with mental ill-health shows that this is complex and demands competence and collaboration. Their competences in collaboration with others as well as their ability to show an open and tolerant attitude were important in order to build trustful relations with students, their parents and other professionals.
Gobernanza del agua en la ciudad de São Paulo: actores sociales, degradación socioambiental y acciones públicas innovadoras
Authors: Jacobi Pedro Roberto , Silva-Sánchez Solange , Fracalanza Ana Paula
Published: May 2015

O padrão de urbanização da cidade de São Paulo resultou na degradação de seus recursos hídricos. O cenário é de córregos contaminados, várzeas ocupadas por favelas, ausência de rede coletora e de tratamento de esgotos. Políticas públicas voltadas à recuperação de rios e córregos urbanos, ainda são tímidas. Esses córregos podem ser importantes prestadores de serviços ecossistêmicos. Este artigo analisa políticas públicas visando a recuperação ambiental de córregos urbanos, enquanto novo paradigma na gestão dos recursos hídricos.
MANETs performance analysis with dos attack at different routing protocols
Authors: Zain Alaa , El-khobby Heba , M. Abd Elkader Hatem , Abdelnaby Mostafa
Published: May 2015

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) is widely used in many industrial and people's life applications, such as earth monitoring, natural disaster prevention, agriculture biomedical related applications, and many other areas. Security threat is one of the major aspects of MANET, as it is one of the basic requirements of wireless sensor network, yet this problem has not been sufficiently explored. The main purpose of this paper is to study different MANETs routing protocols with three scenarios of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on network layer using proactive routing protocol i.e. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Reactive routing protocols like Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hybrid routing protocols like Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP). Moreover, a comparative analysis of DoS attacks for throughput, Data loss, delay and network load is taken into account. The performance of MANET under the attack is studied to find out which protocol is more vulnerable to the attack and how much is the impact of the attack on both protocols. The simulation is done using OPNET 17.
KOMBINASI ULTRAFILTRASI DAN DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION UNTUK PEMEKATAN MIKROALGA
Authors: Widiasa I Nyoman , Susanto A A , Budiyono B
Published: May 2015

Abstrak Mikroalga merupakan mikroorganisme fotosintetik prokariotik atau eukariotik yang dapat tumbuh dengan cepat. Pemanfaatan mikroalga tidak hanya berorientasi sebagai pakan alami untuk akuakultur, tetapi terus berkembang untuk bahan baku produksi pakan ternak, pigmen warna, bahan farmasi (β-carotene, antibiotik, asam lemak omega-3), bahan kosmetik, pupuk organik, dan biofuel (biodiesel, bioetanol, biogas, dan biohidrogen. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kombinasi ultrafiltrasi (UF) – dissolved air flotation (DAF) untuk pemekatan mikroalga skala laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan fluks membran UF secara tajam sebagai akibat dari deposisi sel mikroalga terjadi pada 20 menit pertama proses filtrasi. Backwash pada interval 20 menit selama 10 detik dengan tekanan 1 bar memberikan pengendalian fouling yang efektif dalam nilai kestabilan fluks yang layak. Membran UF yang digunakan dapat memberikan selektivitas pemisahan biomassa mikroalga ~ 100%. Kualitas permeat sangat stabil, yaitu kekeruhan < 0,5 NTU, kandungan organik < 10 mg/L, dan warna < 10 PCU. Lebih lanjut, pemekatan retentat membran dengan DAF pada tekanan saturasi 6 bar dapat menghasilkan pasta mikroalga dengan konsentrasi 20 g/L. Koagulan PAC perlu ditambahkan kedalam umpan DAF dengan dosis 1,3–1,6 mg PAC/mg padatan tersuspensi.   Kata Kunci: ultrafiltrasi; dissolved air flotation; pemanenan mikroalga; pemekatan mikroalga   Abstract COMBINATION OF Ultrafiltration and Dissolved Air Flotation for Microalgae CONCENTRATION. Microalgae is a prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganism or eukaryotic microorganism  that proliferate rapidly. Cultivation of the microalgae is not only oriented  as natural food for aquacultures, but also developed  for animal food, color pigment, pharmaceutical raw material (β-carotene, antibiotic, fatty acid omega-3), cosmetic raw material, organic fertilizer, and biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, and biohydrogen. This study is aimed to investigate the potential of combination of ultrafiltration (UF) and dissolved air flotation  (DAF) for concentration of microalgae in laboratory scale. The experimental results showed that fluxes of the UF membrane decreased sharply due to deposition of microalgae biomass during first 20 minutes of filtration. Periodically backwash using the UF permeate (backwash  interval = 20 minutes;  backwash duration = 10 seconds;  backwash pressure = 1 bar) gave an effective fouling control to maintain reasonable stable fluxes. In addition,  the UF membrane gave separation of microalgae biomass ~ 100%. Permeate quality is strongly stable in which turbidity < 0.5 NTU, organic content < 10 mg/L, and color < 10 PCU.  Moreover, concentration of the UF retentate by DAF under saturation pressure of 6 bars was able to produced microalgae feedstock having 20 g/L dry microalgae. PAC is required for DAF feed with dosage of 1.3–1.6 mg PAC/mg suspended solids.
Schema management for document stores
Authors: Wang Lanjun , Zhang Shuo , Shi Juwei , Jiao Limei , Hassanzadeh Oktie , Zou Jia , Wangz Chen
Published: May 2015

Document stores that provide the efficiency of a schema-less interface are widely used by developers in mobile and cloud applications. However, the simplicity developers achieved controversially leads to complexity for data management due to lack of a schema. In this paper, we present a schema management framework for document stores. This framework discovers and persists schemas of JSON records in a repository, and also supports queries and schema summarization. The major technical challenge comes from varied structures of records caused by the schema-less data model and schema evolution. In the discovery phase, we apply a canonical form based method and propose an algorithm based on equivalent sub-trees to group equivalent schemas efficiently. Together with the algorithm, we propose a new data structure, eSiBu-Tree, to store schemas and support queries. In order to present a single summarized representation for heterogenous schemas in records, we introduce the concept of "skeleton", and propose to use it as a relaxed form of the schema, which captures a small set of core attributes. Finally, extensive experiments based on real data sets demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed schema discovery algorithms, and practical use cases in real-world data exploration and integration scenarios are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of using skeletons in these applications.
Histomorphological study of the gut developmental pattern in early life history stages of featherback, Chitala chitala (Hamilton)
Authors: Mitra Anisa , Mukhopadhyay Pratap Kumar , Homechaudhuri Sumit
Published: May 2015

The present study was conducted to observe morphological and histological changes in the developing digestive system during the ontogeny of featherback, Chitala chitala (Hamilton), from hatching to 30 days post hatch (dph). Three significant stages were identified during digestive tract development in featherback: (1) endotrophic (0-8 dph), (2) endoexotrophic (8-12 dph), and (3) exotrophic (12-30 dph). At hatching, the mouth was closed and the digestive tract was a straight tube. At 8 dph, the mouth was opened and the appearance of the esophagus was observed. Between 6-8 dph, the primordial liver and exocrine pancreas were observed. Intestinal enterocyte activity was observed before stomach development. The esophageal goblet cells, teeth, and taste buds developed 2 days after the opening of the mouth, at the time of exogenous feeding. The development of the stomach, gastric glands, and pyloric caeca took place between the 7 and 12 dph. Except the increase in size and complexity of the structures, no noticeable changes were observed after 12 dphin C. chitala during the experiment. Our findings in the current work provide valuable information which might be useful for improving current larval rearing techniques of this promising new candidate species for freshwater aquaculture diversification.
Changes in macrophyte communities in Lake Swarzędzkie after the first year of restoration
Authors: Rosińska Joanna , Gołdyn Ryszard
Published: May 2015

Lake Swarzędzkie, near Poznań, was a hypertrophic lake because of its high nutrient content, cyanobacteria blooms, and disruptive recreational use, especially swimming, which was popular there. This is why protection measures have been in place since 1991, and a restoration program has been ongoing since fall 2011. The evaluation of the presence and distribution of macrophytes as an important element of lake ecosystem was conducted in August 2012. Nine plant communities were observed: Phragmitetum communis; Typhetum angustifoliae; Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae; Hydrocharitetum morsus-ranae; Thelypteridi-Phragmitetum; Cicuto-Caricetum pseudocyperi; Acoretum calami; Ceratophylletum demersi; Potametum lucentis. The first three were dominating associations. The presence of submerged vegetation appears to verify the positive impact of the applied conservation and restoration measures. Improvement is confirmed by the significant decrease in concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total nitrogen, as well as the gradual decrease in total suspended solids and increased transparency.
Intraspecific morphological variation between cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) (Clariidae, Siluriformes)
Authors: Solomon Shola G. , Okomoda Victor T. , Ogbenyikwu Abel I.
Published: May 2015

This study was designed to evaluate morphological differences between cultured and wild African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). Fish samples were collected from the lower Benue River (axis in Makurdi), while cultured fish were obtained from the University of Agriculture Makurdi research farm. The results revealed significant sex-related variation in the fish from different environments. Significant differences were observed in all morphometric parameters measured and in three of the five meristic counts recorded. Discriminant analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric parameters showed a high divergence among the populations, hence the tested fish samples were grouped into respective environments by sex. The meristic count, however, overlapped broadly showing no divergence among the populations. The morphometric differences between the cultured and wild African catfish could have been linked to genetic differences or environmental factors or a combination of both factors.
Evaluating the potential of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes as alternative carrier material for proliferation of Vero cells
Authors: Sharma Parul , Mathur Garima , Goswami Navendu , Sharma Sanjeev K. , Dhakate Sanjay R. , Chand Subhash , Mathur Ashwani
Published: May 2015

Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) blend membranes were prepared using the casting method and their physiochemical properties were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). FTIR and XRD demonstrated possible hydrogen bonds between CS and PVA. The addition of PVA to CS resulted in surface roughness as analyzed by SEM. The CS/PVA blend membrane exhibited high tensile properties (81.62%) and reduced water-holding capacity (53.8%) compared to a pure CS membrane (control). Cell viability and proliferation were assessed via an MTT assay with Vero cell culture. Associated with improved physicochemical properties, the CS/PVA blend membrane promotes cell proliferation of Vero cells with high specific growth rate (0.582 day-1). The results demonstrate that the blending of CS and PVA could significantly alter the surface rugosity, water-holding capacity and improve the mechanical and biological properties of the membrane. Interestingly, this concept can be extended for different anchorage-dependent cell lines, as an alternative carrier material.
Solidarisch finanzierte und bezahlbare Versorgung im Krankheitsfall – wie lässt sie sich sichern?
Authors: Rawert Mechthild , Hinteregger Sigrid
Published: May 2015

Einleitung

Die Finanzierung unseres Gesundheitssystems steht regelmäßig im Zentrum der gesundheitspolitischen Debatte – zu Recht. Die Gestaltung der Finanzierung wirkt weit reichend: auf die Bezahlbarkeit des Gesundheitssystems, auf die Verteilung der Beitragslast, die bessere Erfüllung des Solidarprinzips, die Versorgungsqualität und Zugangschancen zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung. Für diese Gestaltungsfelder bietet die Bürgerversicherung umfassende Lösungen und Chancen.
Unsaturated flow characteristics in dual-scale fibre fabrics at one-dimensional constant flow rate
Authors: Shilin Yan , Fei Yan , Dequan Li , Yongjing Li
Published: May 2015

Fibre fabrics in liquid composite moulding can be considered as dual-scale porous media. In different gap scales, an unsaturated flow is produced during the mould filling process. This particular flow behaviour deviates from the traditional Darcy’s law, which is used to calculate the filling pressure and will cause errors. To prove the mechanism of this unsaturated flow, an experimental device was set up with a one-dimensional constant flow rate. The influencing factors, such as injected media, flow velocity and fibre fabric, were investigated in this study. Based on the experimental data, several useful conclusions were drawn, providing good references for optimising the process parameters and controlling the product quality.
The interaction of delignification and fiber characteristics on the mechanical properties of old corrugated container fiber/polypropylene composite
Authors: Niaraki Pouria Rezaee , Latibari Ahmad Jahan , Rashno Arash , Tajdini Ajang
Published: May 2015

The effect of fiber characteristics from old corrugated container (OCC) paper on the strength properties of OCC/polypropylene composites was evaluated. Fibers with different contents of lignin (2.8%, 3.8%, 5.3%, and 7%) were produced using soda pulping. Wettability, tear, and tensile strength of the fibers were measured as the indication factors to assess the strength of reinforcing component in the composites. The weight portions of the OCC fibers, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were selected at 20%, 77%, and 3% of the total weight of the composite, respectively. The composite compounds were formed using a counter-rotating twin screw extruder, and the specimens were made in an injection molding machine. The interaction of fiber characteristics and fiber lignin content on the mechanical properties of composite was investigated. The results revealed that with lower fiber lignin content, both flexural and tensile properties were increased. Consequently, by forming better fiber dispersion and by reducing stress regions in the composite, impact strength was also improved. Lower lignin content resulted in better mechanical properties than fiber characteristics.
Colloidal PbS Nanosheets with Tunable Energy Gaps
Authors: Jiang Zhoufeng , Khan Simeen , Premathilake Shashini , Bhandari Ghadendra , Subedi Kamal , He Yufan , Leopold Matthew , Reilly Nick , Lu Peter , Zayak Alexey , Sun Liangfeng
Published: May 2015

Ultrathin colloidal PbS nanosheets are synthesized using organometallic precursors with chloroalkane cosolvents, resulting in tunable thicknesses ranging from 1.2 nm to 4.6 nm. We report the first thickness-dependent photoluminescence spectra from lead-salt nanosheets. The one-dimensional confinement energy of these quasi-two-dimensional nanosheets is found to be proportional to 1/L instead of 1/L2 (L is the thickness of the nanosheet), which is consistent with results calculated using density functional theory as well as tight-binding theory.
Role of Stoichiometry on Ordering in Ni-Cr Alloys
Authors: Teng Fei , Tucker Julie D.
Published: May 2015

Mechanical property degradation due to an ordering phase transformation is a concern for alloys based on the Ni-Cr binary system (e.g., 690, 625), particularly in nuclear power applications, such as stream generator tubing, reactor pressure vessel and head control rod drive mechanism penetrations, where component lifetimes can exceed 40 years. In the present research, the disorder-order phase transformation has been studied in Ni-Cr model alloys with varying stoichiometry by experimental methods. In this paper, the effect of composition on ordering is characterized via X-ray diffraction.
Completely Digital Two-Visit Immediately Loaded Implants: Proof of Concept
Authors: Schnitman Paul A. , Han Rita K.
Published: May 2015

Implant dentistry has become a common treatment alternative, yet only a small percentage of patients missing teeth are receiving its benefits. Significant limitations are the small percent of practitioners placing implants due to the long learning curve, as well as the time commitment on the part of the patient. This proof of concept demonstrates clinical implant treatment requiring years of manual skill development on the part of the surgeon, restorative dentist, and technician can be accomplished in 2 visits, completely digitally, without the need for conventional impressions, laboratory procedures, and advanced manual skills. This technique results in reduced learning curve and treatment time. The first visit consists of consultation, diagnosis, CT and optical surface scans of the implant site to include: soft tissue, adjacent teeth, and opposing arch. This digital information is imported and interactively reconstructed in a 3-D open format implant planning software. The implant and restoration are now precisely planned into the optimal bone position with the ideal emergence profile for biologically and esthetically designed restoration. This information is then electronically forwarded to a production facility, where all necessary models are digitally printed and the immediate crown is digitally milled. On the second visit, the patient returns for guided implant insertion and immediate restoration. As digital procedures are refined, many more dental professionals will become involved in providing implant therapy earlier in their careers. This promises to result in reduced costs, making implants available to millions more patients who could benefit from them.
THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE IN FILM, AND A SUNDAY IN KIGALI: WATCHING WITH A PIERCED EYE
Authors: Defraeye Piet
Published: May 2015

Susan Sontag reminds us that film and photography have an extremely democratic heuristic poetics, and are quasi-universally accessible for signification, though at the same time, it almost always implies a prime target audience. The many films that have come out on the Rwandan genocide (1994) are no exception. Film has been a prime access source to this bloody event and dominates, particularly in the West, our remembrance and understanding of one of the most intense and grueling political conflicts in African history. All these films struggle with a compulsive need for structured narration, whether it is in their fable, or in the visual representation itself, while the historical events were certainly not experienced as part of a linear structure. At the same time, the films aim for historical credibility, or truthfulness, which is rendered through a variety of filmic approaches. The article discusses the fictionalization of genocide through film, and problematizes the quasi-unavoidable documentary effect of filmic iteration. Robert Favreau’s Un Dimanche à Kigali is analyzed in greater detail, as it offers specific strategies to the problem of filmic representation of genocidal violence.
MY LAST FOUR MINUTES ON PRINCE WILLIAM STREET
Authors: Onita Adriana
Published: May 2015

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HORROR AND THE BODY: UNDERSTANDING THE REWORKING OF THE GENRE IN MARINA DE VAN’S DANS MA PEAU/IN MY SKIN (2001)
Authors: Chareyron Romain
Published: May 2015

This article explores how Marina de Van’s confrontational representation of the human body, in her film Dans ma peau/In my Skin (2001), should be understood as a reinterpretation of certain major themes in the horror genre. More specifically, I examine how de Van’s mise-en-scène borrows from the genre of horror , both on a visual and a technical level, to deconstruct the meanings initially attached to the representation of the body in pain found in horror’s narratives. I argue that a close analysis of the textural properties of the image allows for a reappraisal of the onscreen presence of the wounded body, this body departing from horror’s straightforward visual regimen, to open up a space for the character’s subjectivity to emerge. I also posit that the use of the close-up on images of blood and scars, while being reminiscent of horror’s treatment of the body, becomes a vehicle for the unleashing of the character’s unmediated drives to explore her own flesh and to reach a new level of self-awareness.