bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperostosis frontalis interna: A new perspective in burned individuals' analysis for determining age and sex from archeo‐anthropological and medicolegal contexts
Authors: Du Fayet de la Tour Anaïs , Couture Christine , Paraf François , Duday Henri
Published: November 2022

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is a benign bone lesion, which is asymptomatic for the most part and is manifested by the accretion of bone on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone.

This type of lesion has been discussed in a multitude of publications since the 19th century. Although a consensus has yet to be reached as to its etiology, it would seem generally accepted that hormones play a role, which would explain the high frequency of this disorder among older and postmenopausal women.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the benefit of HFI diagnosis for identifying individuals (estimating their age and determining their sex) in the archeo‐anthropological analysis of ancient cremation burial sites and in medicolegal investigations on burned human remains.

Our sample consisted of 82 cremated individuals from the Roman Porta Nocera necropolis in Pompeii (1st century BC–1st century AD). After excluding juveniles under 15 years of age, as HFI primarily affects adult individuals, our sample was reduced to 71 individuals, and the prevalence of HFI was 15.5% (n = 11). A statistically significant difference is observed between women and men, and no individuals previously identified as male displayed HFI. Furthermore, 90.9% of the individuals displayed degenerative conditions in conjunction with HFI, showing a highly significant correlation of this lesion with signs of aging (chi‐square 9.365; p = 0.01). Finally, this disorder boosted diagnostic performance in respect of determining sex, increasing the number of biologically sexed individuals from 46.5% to 53.5%. Therefore, we propose that the HFI diagnosis offers genuine added value in the identification of burned human remains.
Impact of auxeticity on mechanical properties of3Dwoven auxetic reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ullah Tehseen , Hussain Muzzamal , Ali Mumtaz , Umair Muhammad
Published: November 2022

3D woven composites are currently used in high‐tech applications due to their better mechanical properties than 2D laminated composites. To further enhance the mechanical performance of 3D woven composites, auxetic structures can be used as reinforcement. The auxetic structures showed better mechanical properties due to bidimensional energy dissipation capability. Orthogonal 3D woven structures showed inherent auxetic nature, however, the use of brittle thermoset resins in composites fully limits their auxeticity. To overcome this issue, three types of 3D woven auxetic structures (warp, weft, and bidirectional interlocks) were developed and used as reinforcement with thermoplastic resins (PC and PVB). Auxeticity of woven reinforcement, and tensile, flexural (3‐point), and short beam shear (SBS) tests of composites were conducted. Auxeticity results revealed that the warp interlock structure showed the highest auxeticity, while the bidirectional interlock structure exhibited the least auxeticity due to the high number of intersections and crimp %. Furthermore, warp interlock composite structure showed 47%, 49.5%, and 37% higher tensile, flexural, and shear strength values, respectively than bidirectional interlock structure in warp direction with PC resin. The overall results showed that auxetic reinforcement improved the mechanical performance of 3D woven composites.
Modulation of TRPV2 by endogenous and exogenous ligands: A computational study
Authors: Feng Shasha , Pumroy Ruth A. , Protopopova Anna D. , Moiseenkova‐Bell Vera Y. , Im Wonpil
Published: November 2022

Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels play various important roles in human physiology. As membrane proteins, these channels are modulated by their endogenous lipid environment as the recent wealth of structural studies has revealed functional and structural lipid binding sites. Additionally, it has been shown that exogenous ligands can exchange with some of these lipids to alter channel gating. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations to examine how one member of the TRPV family, TRPV2, interacts with endogenous lipids and the pharmacological modulator cannabidiol (CBD). By computationally reconstituting TRPV2 into a typical plasma membrane environment, which includes phospholipids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylinositol (PIP) in the inner leaflet, we showed that most of the interacting surface lipids are phospholipids without strong specificity for headgroup types. Intriguingly, we observed that the C‐terminal membrane proximal region of the channel binds preferentially to PIP lipids. We also modelled two structural lipids in the simulation: one in the vanilloid pocket and the other in the voltage sensor‐like domain (VSLD) pocket. The simulation shows that the VSLD lipid dampens the fluctuation of the VSLD residues, while the vanilloid lipid exhibits heterogeneity both in its binding pose and in its influence on protein dynamics. Addition of CBD to our simulation system led to an open selectivity filter and a structural rearrangement that includes a clockwise rotation of the ankyrin repeat domains, TRP helix, and VSLD. Together, these results reveal the interplay between endogenous lipids and an exogenous ligand and their effect on TRPV2 stability and channel gating.
Quantitative structure–properties relationship analysis of Eigen‐value‐based indices using COVID‐19 drugs structure
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Naeem Muhammad , Hanif Asia
Published: November 2022

Topological indices are an important method for understanding the fundamental topology of chemical structures. Quantitative structure properties relationship (QSPR) is an analytical approach for breaking down a molecule into a sequence of numerical values that describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the molecule. In this article, we have developed the QSPR analysis between eigenvalue‐based topological indices and physical properties of COVID‐19 drugs to predict the significance level of eigenvalue based indices. We have to use MATLAB for the computation of indices and SPSS for analysis. We show that positive interia index, signless Laplacian Estrada index and Randić energy are the best predictors of molar reactivity, polar surface area and molecular weight, respectively.
A case of anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody‐positive dermatomyositis‐associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung diseases developed after administration of COVID‐19 vaccine and subsequent pneumococcal vaccine
Authors: Takahashi Saeko , Kato Ai , Hashimoto Kanako , Takehara Tomohiro , Ishioka Kota , Takanashi Satoshi
Published: November 2022

Five cases of anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody‐positive dermatomyositis‐associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung diseases (anti‐MDA5‐positive DM‐RPILD) following COVID‐19 vaccination have been reported previously. We present the first case of the disease that developed following the sequence of COVID‐19 infection, COVID‐19 vaccination, and 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) administration. A 75‐year‐old‐Japanese man received the third dose of Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine 4 weeks after he had a mild COVID‐19 infection. Eleven weeks after vaccination, he received PPSV23 for the first time. He developed fever, malaise, and anorexia the day after the PPSV23, rash a week later, and shortness of breath 2 weeks later. He was then admitted to a local hospital and treated with antibiotics, but his condition worsened. He was transferred to our hospital 4 weeks after the PPSV23 and was diagnosed with anti‐MDA5‐positive DM‐RPILD. Despite intensive treatment, the patient died on the 10th hospital day.
The hydroclimate niche: A tool for predicting and managing riparian plant community responses to streamflow seasonality
Authors: Butterfield Bradley J. , Palmquist Emily C. , Yackulic Charles B.
Published: November 2022

Habitat suitability is a consequence of interacting environmental factors. In riparian ecosystems, suitable plant habitat is influenced by interactions between stream hydrology and climate, hereafter referred to as “hydroclimate”. We tested the hypothesis that hydroclimate variables would improve the fit of ecological niche models for a suite of riparian species using occurrence data from the western United States. We focus on the climate conditions (temperature, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit) during the months of lowest and highest streamflow as integrative hydroclimate metrics of resource and stress levels. We found that the inclusion of hydroclimate variables improved model fit for all species in the western USA dataset. We then tested the utility of the improved habitat suitability models by projecting them onto a regulated segment of the Colorado River to assess potential impacts of streamflow seasonality on vegetation metrics of management concern. Species frequency derived from independent survey data in the Colorado River segment was significantly higher for species with predicted suitable habitat than for species without predicted suitable habitat. Under different simulated hydrographs for the Colorado River, overall species richness was predicted to be greatest with peak streamflows during summer, and native‐to‐non‐native species ratios were predicted to be greatest with lowest streamflows in winter. Summer high flows were particularly associated with higher predicted habitat suitability for species that have increased in cover over recent decades (e.g., Pluchea sericea, Baccharis species). We conclude that hydroclimate covariates can be useful tools for predicting how riparian vegetation communities respond to changes in the seasonal timing of low and high streamflows.
Arsenic mobility and toxicity on soil acid phosphatase activity increased with added phosphorus in contaminated mine soils
Authors: Nurzhan Amanzhan , Tian Haixia , Nuralykyzy Bayan , Li Huayong , Ma Xing , Megharaj Mallavarapu , He Wenxiang
Published: November 2022

Soil phosphatase activity is identified as sensitive to arsenic (As) pollution and therefore, often used as an indicator to estimate As toxicity in soil. Nevertheless, the effect of As on soil phosphatase activity after its desorption by P is not adequately studied. This study employed sequential extraction procedure and ecological dose parameters to show As mobility and its toxicity to acid phosphatase (AcP). Results indicated that P application significantly increased As desorption ratio in the As ageing process. In S1 (As 2895 mg kg−1) soil, after P addition, the water‐soluble (FWS) fraction had the highest proportion of As, while for S2 (As 645 mg kg−1) and S3 (As 39 mg kg−1) it was residual (FRES) fraction. Additionally, P addition increased the As bioavailability in all soils. Generally, P addition significantly reduced soil AcP activity under all P concentrations and increased in the soil with minimum As content. The variation partitioning analysis indicated that for S1, P concentration was the major factor, for S2 and S3 soils, it was As desorption and ageing time, respectively, that influenced the AcP activity in soils. The calculated ecological dose (ED50) showed that in most cases, As toxicity increased at the end of ageing. Thus, it is essential to control the phosphorus fertilizer applications in silty soils with acid and neutral pH, since it can lead to increased As mobility and toxicity to soil AcP.
Crohn's disease related strictures in cross‐sectional imaging: More than meets the eye?
Authors: Sleiman Joseph , Chirra Prathyush , Gandhi Namita S. , Baker Mark E. , Lu Cathy , Gordon Ilyssa O. , Viswanath Satish E. , Rieder Florian ,   Stenosis Therapy and Anti‐Fibrotic Research (STAR) Consortium
Published: November 2022

Strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) are a hallmark of long‐standing intestinal damage, brought about by inflammatory and non‐inflammatory pathways. Understanding the complex pathophysiology related to inflammatory infiltrates, extracellular matrix deposition, as well as muscular hyperplasia is crucial to produce high‐quality scoring indices for assessing CD strictures. In addition, cross‐sectional imaging modalities are the primary tool for diagnosis and follow‐up of strictures, especially with the initiation of anti‐fibrotic therapy clinical trials. This in turn requires such modalities to both diagnose strictures with high accuracy, as well as be able to delineate the impact of each histomorphologic component on the individual stricture. We discuss the current knowledge on cross‐sectional imaging modalities used for stricturing CD, with an emphasis on histomorphologic correlates, novel imaging parameters which may improve segregation between inflammatory, muscular, and fibrotic stricture components, as well as a future outlook on the role of artificial intelligence in this field of gastroenterology.
An evidence‐based approach to identifying resting sites of Eurasian otterLutra lutrafrom camera‐trap and field‐sign data
Authors: Findlay Melanie A. , Briers Robert A. , Ingledew Roger P. , White Patrick J. C.
Published: November 2022

Mammals' resting sites (dens) are important features of their ecology. Eurasian otterLutra lutraresting sites are strictly protected by UK and European legislation and are ostensibly identified from associated field‐signs. This legislation is difficult to apply given the poor understanding of resting sites coupled with the lack of evidence supporting a field‐sign signature. We aimed to use camera‐trap data to identify resting sites, investigate whether field‐signs differed between resting and non‐resting sites and describe behaviours recorded on camera‐traps that are associated with resting. An evidence‐based approach to identifying resting sites of Eurasian otterLutra lutrafrom camera‐trap and field‐sign data camera‐trap data showed that otters frequently visited potential resting sites, characterised by a very short time within the structure (often < 4 min). Resting sites were characterised by longer durations (often hours) during the daytime and night‐time. Based on these data, six of our 26 sites were identified as resting sites. Modelling suggested that no single field‐sign had a clear association with resting sites. However, we found a hitherto unrecognised distinction between otter latrines (defecation sites) and spraint (scent‐marking) sites, and that camera‐trap observations of latrine behaviour and bedding collection were exclusive to resting sites. As bedding and latrines are not always visible, presence of either indicates a resting site but no interpretation can be drawn from their absence, so camera‐trapping would be recommended to identify resting site status. Data simulations found that camera‐trapping for 38 d in winter, followed by 38 d in spring, was the optimal approach for a 95% chance of detecting a rest across all resting sites. Ours is the first study to identify standards and expectations for surveys using camera‐trap and field‐signs at Eurasian otter resting sites. Our novel account of their resting activity facilitates better interpretation of legislation.
Formation and structural characterization of the basic tin(II) fluoride, Sn9F13O(OH)3 ⋅ 2H2O, containing the unprecedented [Sn4O(OH)3]3+ cage‐ion
Authors: Uglova Ellina , Reichelt Martin , Reuter Hans
Published: November 2022

Single crystals of the title compound Sn9F13O(OH)3 ⋅ 2H2O, 3, along with those of the oxofluoride Sn4OF6, 2, and the fluorophosphate Sn3(PO4)F3, 1, have been obtained in course of an experiment mimicking the reaction of the tooth paste additive SnF2 with Ca3(PO4)2 as dentin surrogate. All three compounds have been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. While our data on the crystal structures 1 and 2 confirm previous results but improve bond lengths and angles precision significantly, 3 represents the first example of a basic tin(II) fluoride the structure of which was determined. Its crystal structure consists of bilayers held together through weak secondary Sn⋅⋅⋅F‐bonds while their unsymmetrical, protic‐aprotic monolayers are connected with each other on their protic sites via −OH⋅⋅⋅F‐hydrogen bonds. The most prominent building block of the monolayers constitutes the unprecedented, stella octangula like [Sn4O(OH)3]3+ cage‐ion. The coordination spheres of all nine Sn(II) atoms are analyzed with respect to their constitution, geometry and bonding. The observed bond lengths and bond angles of the tin(II) atoms are interpretated in terms of p‐p‐bonding via 2e–2c bonds (first coordination sphere, {SnX3}, trigonal‐pyramidal) and 4e–3c‐bonds (second coordination sphere, {SnX4}/{SnX5}, seesaw/square‐pyramidal). Bond valence calculations have been found to be of limited benefit to predict the oxidation state of Sn(II) especially when Sn−O bonds are present.
Integrationsrelevante Rahmenbedingungen in den Untersuchungslandkreisen und -gemeinden
Authors: Mehl Peter , Neumeier Stefan , Osigus Torsten
Published: November 2022

Das Kapitel analysiert sozioökonomische Unterschiede in und zwischen unseren Untersuchungsregionen, die wir als integrationsrelevant annehmen. Dabei werden die Ausgangsbedingungen in den Dimensionen „Arbeitsmarkt“, „Wohnraum“, „Bildung“, „Gesundheit“, „Geborgenheit und Sicherheit“, „Wohlstand und kommunale Finanzsituation“ sowie „Demographie“ über Indikatoren erfasst und über deren z-Transformation vergleichbar gemacht. Zusätzlich wird die Erreichbarkeit integrationsrelevanter Orte kleinräumig für verschiedene Verkehrsmittel berechnet.
From Abstract Thinking to Thinking Abstractions: Introducing Speculative Geographies
Authors: Williams Nina , Keating Thomas
Published: November 2022

Writing at a time in which speculative ways of thinking appear to be undergoing a reprise across the social sciences and humanities – whether through engagements with speculative cosmology (Stengers, 2006), speculative empiricism (Debaise, 2017), speculative fabulation (Haraway, 2011), speculative research (Wilkie et al., 2017), or speculative realism (Bryant et al., 2011) – in this chapter we introduce Speculative Geographies and our motivation for assembling the collection as a way of considering what concepts and practices of speculation might mean for geography, and how speculation might itself be conceived as geographical. In approaching the relationship between speculation and geography, we introduce the book as a collective desire to complicate the modes of thought used to evaluate experience by crafting alternatives, pluralising perspectives, and thereby problematising the immediately given. Far from abstract thinking, in this chapter we conceptualise speculation, after A.N. Whitehead, as a task of thinking abstractions – a style of thinking that prioritises an openness to what thought might become, and which therefore reconfigures empirical problems beyond what seems given in an immediate experience. The chapter traces key genealogies of this speculative practice including speculative philosophy, speculative fiction, and speculative design. Finally, we provide an overview of how the three themes of the book – ethics, technologies, aesthetics – speak to the chapters making up this edited collection.
Subcritical regime of hybrid inflation with modular A4 symmetry
Authors: Gunji Yoshihiro , Ishiwata Koji , Yoshida Takahiro
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We consider a supergravity model that has the modular A4 symmetry and discuss the interplay between the neutrino mixing and inflation. The model contains right- handed neutrinos that have the Majorana masses and additional Yukawa couplings to the waterfall field. In the model an active neutrino is massless and we find that only the inverted hierarchy is allowed and the Majorana phase is predicted to be around ±(120–180)° from the observed neutrino mixing data. In the early universe, one of right-handed sneutrinos plays the role of the inflaton field. Focusing on the subcritical regime of the hybrid inflation that is consistent with the cosmic microwave background data, we analyze the dynamics of the scalar sector and derive an upper bound (1010) GeV on the scale of the Majorana mass.
[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/MR in patients with acute myocardial infarction: potential role of predicting left ventricular remodeling
Authors: Zhang Min , Quan Weiwei , Zhu Tianqi , Feng Shuo , Huang Xinyun , Meng Hongping , Du Run , Zhu Zhengbin , Qu Xuezheng , Li Ping , Cui Yuke , Shi Kuangyu , Yan Xiaoxiang , Zhang Ruiyan , Li Biao
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To assess predictive value of 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04 ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04) PET/MR for late left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods

Twenty-six patients with STEMI were included in the study. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/MR was performed at baseline and at average 12 months after STEMI. LV remodeling was defined as >10% increase in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) from baseline to 12 months.

Results

The LV remodeling group demonstrated higher [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake volume (UV) at baseline than the non-LV remodeling group (p < 0.001). [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 UV at baseline was a significant predictor (OR = 1.048, p = 0.011) for LV remodeling at 12 months after STEMI. Compared to clinical information, MR imaging and cardiac function parameters at baseline, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 UV demonstrated better predictive ability (AUC = 0.938, p < 0.001) for late LV remodeling, with sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 81.3%.

Conclusions

[68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/MR is an effective tool to non-invasively quantify myocardial fibroblasts activation, and baseline [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 UV may have potential predictive value for late LV remodeling.
Incidence and predictors for chemotherapy modifications and their impact on the outcome of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Hatsy Sandra , Brambs Christine , Kiechle Marion
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Chemotherapy (CTX) is an important part of the treatment strategy of stage II–IV ovarian cancer. CTX modifications, such as delays, dose reductions or premature terminations might have a negative impact on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). The goal of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of CTX modifications and their influence on survival.

Methods

An observational retrospective cohort analysis of 192 ovarian cancer patients who were treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technical University Munich, Germany, according to international guidelines was performed including from 2009 to 2013. A potential association between patient and disease characteristics and CTX modifications was tested with multivariate logistic regression. OS and PFS were estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

44.8% (86/192) received a modification of CTX. 34 (17.7%) women discontinued CTX prematurely, 17 (8.9%) underwent a dose reduction, 16 (8.3%) experienced a CTX delay and 10 (5.2%) had both a delay and a dose modification. In nine (4.7%) patients, the dose needed to be divided. Leukopenia (p < 0.001) and anaemia (p = 0.003) were significantly more common in patients with CTX modifications. Significant predictors for CTX modifications were a history of thrombosis or embolism (p < 0.001) and residual tumour postoperatively (p = 0.003).

Patients with CTX modifications showed a significantly lower OS as well as PFS (p < 0.001), even after adjustment for prognostic factors such as age, body-mass-index, residual tumour, histology, FIGO stage and grading (p = 0.005 for OS and p = 0.001 for PFS).

Conclusion

CTX modifications have a negative impact on survival. Significant predictors for such modifications are a history of thrombosis or embolism and the presence of residual postoperative tumour. Further studies are needed to avoid CTX modifications and to improve survival of ovarian cancer patients.
The invasion history of Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii (Hydrocharitaceae) in Italy from herbarium accessions, field records and historical literature
Authors: Buldrini Fabrizio , Pezzi Giovanna , Barbero Martina , Alessandrini Alessandro , Amadei Lucia , Andreatta Sebastiano , Ardenghi Nicola Maria Giuseppe , Armiraglio Stefano , Bagella Simonetta , Bolpagni Rossano , Bonini Ilaria , Bouvet Daniela , Brancaleoni Lisa , Brundu Giuseppe , Buccheri Massimo , Buffa Gabriella , Ceschin Simona , Chiarucci Alessandro , Cogoni Annalena , Domina Gianniantonio , Forte Luigi , Guarino Riccardo , Gubellini Leonardo , Guglielmone Laura , Hofmann Nicole , Iberite Mauro , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Lucchese Fernando , Marcucci Rossella , Mei Giacomo , Mossetti Umberto , Nascimbene Juri , Passalacqua Nicodemo Giuseppe , Peccenini Simonetta , Prosser Filippo , Repetto Giovanni , Rinaldi Gabriele , Romani Enrico , Rosati Leonardo , Santangelo Annalisa , Scoppola Anna , Spampinato Giovanni , Stinca Adriano , Tavano Maria , Tomsich Caruso Fulvio , Vangelisti Roberta , Venanzoni Roberto , Vidali Marisa , Wilhalm Thomas , Zonca Francesco , Lambertini Carla
Published: November 2022

We analysed the invasion history of two North American macrophytes (Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii) in Italy, through an accurate census of all available herbarium and field records, dating between 1850 and 2019, and a rich literature collection describing the initial introduction and naturalisation phase that supports the results obtained by the occurrence records. Elodea canadensis arrived in Italy before 1866 and had two invasion phases, between the 1890s and 1920s and between the 1990s and 2000s; E. nuttallii, probably arrived in the 1970s, started invading in 2000 and the invasion is still ongoing. Botanical gardens and fish farming played a crucial role in dispersal and naturalisation of both species. The current invasion range of both species is centred in northern Italy, with scattered occurrences of E. canadensis in central and southern regions. River Po represents a dispersal barrier to the Mediterranean region and a strategic monitoring site to prevent the invasion in the peninsula. The study detects differences in the niches of the two species during the introduction and naturalisation phase and a habitat switch occurred after 1980 in E. canadensis and after 2000 in E. nuttallii, during their expansion phases. For E. canadensis the switch corresponds to the second invasion round. Further research can clarify whether the second invasion round is due to confusion of the recently introduced E. nuttallii with E. canadensis, to a cryptic introduction of a new genotype, to post-introduction evolution, or just to an increased scientific interest in biological invasions.
High frequency characterization of Si$$_3$$N$$_4$$ dielectrics for artificial magnetoelectric devices
Authors: Vijayakumar Jaianth , Gaspar Marcos , Maurel Laura , Horisberger Michael , Nolting Frithjof , Vaz C. A. F.
Published: November 2022

Charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling mechanism in artificial multiferroics originates from interfacial charge modulation or ionic movement at a magnetic/dielectric interface. Despite the existence of several dielectric/ferroelectric systems that can be used in charge mediated artificial multiferroic systems, producing suitable systems with fast time responses still remains a challenge. Here we characterize the frequency response of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric (low strain) Si$$_3$$

3

N$$_4$$

4

thin film membranes, which can potentially be used as the dielectric layer in magnetoelectric devices, to determine the impact of depletion layers, charge traps and defect mobility on the high frequency (up to 100 MHz) interfacial charge modulation via screening. We find that the dielectric/magnetoelectric properties are largely dominated by extrinsic doping due to point defects. In particular, we find that non-stoichiometric Si$$_3$$

3

N$$_4$$

4

has a dielectric behaviour that is dominated by charge traps and/or mobile ions. However, stoichiometric Si$$_3$$

3

N$$_4$$

4

membranes show a reversible response to the applied bias electric field consistent with a doped semiconductor behaviour; at high frequencies, the intrinsic dielectric behaviour is reached, indicating that it may be suitable for high frequency magnetoelectric device applications. Our results show that minimising the impact of defects on the dielectric properties of magnetoelectric heterostructures is an important prerequisite for obtaining a high frequency magnetoelectric response.
Integrating dispersal, breeding and abundance data with graph theory for the characterization and management of functional connectivity in amphibian pondscapes
Authors: Reyes-Moya Ismael , Sánchez-Montes Gregorio , Martínez-Solano Íñigo
Published: November 2022

Context

Robust assessment of functional connectivity in amphibian population networks is essential to address their global decline. The potential of graph theory to characterize connectivity among amphibian populations has already been confirmed, but the movement data on which modelled graphs rely are often scarce and inaccurate. While probabilistic methods that account for intraspecific variability in dispersal better reflect the biological reality of functional connectivity, they must be informed by systematically recorded individual movement data, which are difficult to obtain for secretive taxa like amphibians.

Objectives

Our aim is to assess the applied potential of probabilistic graph theory to characterize overall connectivity across amphibian pondscapes using fine-scale capture-recapture data, and to inform conservation management based on the role of ponds on functional connectivity.

Methods

We monitored an amphibian community in a pondscape located in a Spanish “dehesa” for 2 years. Photoidentification was used to build capture histories for individuals of six species, from which dispersal kernels and population sizes were estimated to model probabilistic graphs.

Results

We obtained kernels of variable robustness for six species. Node importance for connectivity varied between species, but with common patterns such as shared road crossing areas and the presence of coincident interconnected pond clusters.

Conclusions

The combination of photoidentification, capture-recapture data and graph theory allowed us to characterize functional connectivity across the pondscape of study accounting for dispersal variability and identify areas where conservation actions could be most efficient. Our results highlight the need to account for interspecific differences in the study and management of amphibian pondscapes.
Vulnerable consumers: marketing research needs to pay more attention to the brain health of consumers
Authors: Javor Andrija , Koller Monika , Lee Nick , Breiter Hans
Published: November 2022

We propose here that marketing research should increase consideration of the brain health of consumers, and argue that it would help both extend our current knowledge of vulnerable and other marginalised groups, as well as extend generalizability and external validity of marketing research in general. We show that such a focus would help enrich methodology, especially around causal inference, as well as impact on our understanding of a number of key emerging themes in marketing research. We particularly focus on the consumer behaviour around digitalisation, as well as compulsive buying behaviour. Further, we show that increasing consideration of consumer brain health will further efforts towards inclusivity of marketing, and help continue progress towards marketing research as a force for good.
Time’s entanglements: Beauvoir and Fanon on reductive temporalities
Authors: Stendera Marilyn
Published: November 2022

Simone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon both argue that oppression fundamentally constrains the subject’s relationship to and embodied experience of time, yet their accounts of temporality are rarely brought together. This paper will explore what we might learn about the operation of different types of reductive temporality if we read Beauvoir and Fanon alongside each other, focusing primarily on the early works that arguably lay out the central concerns of their respective temporal frameworks. At first glance, it seems that these two models of temporality have radically different emphases. While Beauvoir suggests that reductive temporalities work to sever the future from the past and present, Fanon locates this destructive operation in the heightening of their entanglement. However, I will contend that there are deep affinities between these accounts: For both Beauvoir and Fanon, freedom is bound up with futurity, with its lack therefore cashed out in terms of stagnation, repetition, and the entrapment within a hollow moment that prevents authentic projection. Both resist teleological perspectives; problematize the endeavor to describe the structures of lived temporality in neutral terms; and show that temporality is crucial to the pursuit of a political phenomenology. These resonances, however, should only serve to recast rather than dissolve the tension between their approaches; ultimately, we need to acknowledge the distinctiveness of their differing concerns and aims.
Void space and secondary oriented attachment mechanisms in cerium oxide nanorods
Authors: Brambila C. , Nutter J. , Molinari M. , Sayle D. C. , Sakthivel T. , Seal S. , Möbus G.
Published: November 2022

Two new processes occurring during nanorod annealing of ceria are disclosed, both belonging to the wider “oriented attachment” (OA) scheme of crystal growth, which commonly drives nanoparticles growing into nanorods. The first new process is an inversion of the standard OA, where the usual solid particles are replaced by well-facetted shape-equilibrated voids inside larger single crystals. The internal facetted voids are then found to aggregate during dry heat treatment into rod-shaped elongated voids growing eventually towards nanotubes. For the case of CeO2, a perfect equivalence is found between positive OA, involving cuboctahedral {111}/{100} nanoparticles turning into {110}/{100} nanorods, and negative or void space OA, where cuboctahedral voids turn into negative tubular rods of same indexing. The second OA process (“secondary OA”) concerns aggregation of small nanorod segments into larger, double, or quadruple sized nanorods, with perfection of alignment and bonding exceeding simple van der Waals forces. Eventually, the new rods merge into single crystal grain boundary–free larger rods, but with an external shape, including double-ended rods, indicating their origin from several rods. Both processes are found on identical samples and occur in parallel.
Rising Wages and Intra-Country Industry Relocation: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Yuting , Mau Karsten , Xu Mingzhi
Published: November 2022

We analyze how rising labor costs contribute to economic restructuring in China. In a panel of prefectural cities and industries, spanning the years 1999-2007, we employ instrumental variables to identify the effect of increasing local wage levels. We find adverse effects on performance of (low-skilled) labor intensive industries in China’s advanced regions. Consistent with cost-saving industry relocation, such industries expand in other locations, where wages are comparatively low. Comparing locations where such industries expand to those where they do not, we find that both economic complexity and subsequent per capita income increased faster in the former group.
The accuracy of navigated versus freehand curettage in bone tumors: a cadaveric model study
Authors: van Steenbergen Thomas R. F. , Nijsink Han , Eggen Thomas G. E. , Janssen Dennis , Rovers Maroeska M. , van der Geest Ingrid C. M. , Fütterer J. J.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Navigation has been suggested to guide complex benign bone tumor curettage procedures, but the contribution of navigation to the accuracy of curettage has never been quantified. We explored the accuracy of navigated curettage in a cadaveric observational pilot study, comparing navigated to freehand curettage, performed independently by an expert and a novice user.

Methods

The expert performed curettage on 20 cadaveric bones prepared with a paraffin wax mixture tumor, 10 freehand and 10 navigated. We re-used 12 bones for the novice experiments, 6 freehand and 6 navigated. Tumor and curettage cavity volumes were segmented on pre- and post-cone-beam CT scans. Accuracy was quantified using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), and with remaining tumor volume, bone curettage volume, maximal remaining width and procedure times compared between navigation and freehand groups for both users.

Results

There were little differences in curettage accuracy between a navigated (DSC 0.59[0.17]) and freehand (DSC 0.64[0.10]) approach for an expert user, but there were for a novice user with DSC 0.67(0.14) and 0.83(0.06), respectively. All navigated and freehand procedures had some amount of remaining tumor, generally located in a few isolated spots with means of 2.2(2.6) cm3 (mean 20% of the tumor volume) and 1.5(1.4) cm3 (18%), respectively, for the expert and more diffusely spaced with means of 5.1(2.8) cm3 (33%) and 3.0(2.2) cm3 (17%), respectively, for the novice.

Conclusions

In an explorative study on 20 cadaveric bone tumor models, navigated curettage in its current setup was not more accurate than freehand curettage. The amount of remaining tumor, however, confirms that curettage could be further improved. The novice user was less accurate using navigation than freehand, which could be explained by the learning curve. Furthermore, the expert used a different surgical approach than the novice, focusing more on removing the entire tumor than sparing surrounding bone.
Screening and management of major endocrinopathies during pregnancy: an update
Authors: Paschou Stavroula A. , Bletsa Evanthia , Papazisi Maria , Mili Nikoletta , Kanouta Fotini , Kassi Georgia N. , Psaltopoulou Theodora , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Lambrinoudaki Irene
Published: November 2022

Endocrinopathies during pregnancy constitute a challenging issue, being prevalent and requiring appropriate management to avoid maternal and fetal complications. This review aims to summarize and present major endocrine problems during pregnancy, the appropriate screening, maternal monitoring and management, fetal monitoring, and follow-up. Glucose metabolism, thyroid function, as well as calcium and vitamin D metabolism are the main endocrine domains that should be screened and monitored during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent endocrine disease during pregnancy, followed by thyroid disorders. Specific recommendations are provided for the optimal clinical care of pregnant women and their offspring for GDM, thyroid disorders, and calcium and vitamin D disorders.
Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in paediatric patients in Europe: results from the EuroPedHp Registry
Authors: Le Thi Thu Giang , Werkstetter Katharina , Kotilea Kallirroi , Bontems Patrick , Cabral José , Cilleruelo Pascual Maria Luz , Kori Michal , Barrio Josefa , Homan Matjaž , Kalach Nicolas , Lima Rosa , Tavares Marta , Urruzuno Pedro , Misak Zrinjka , Urbonas Vaidotas , Koletzko Sibylle ,   for the Helicobacter pylori Special Interest Group of ESPGHAN, Sykora Josef , Miele Erasmo , Krahl Andreas , Klemenak Martina , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Chiaro Andrea , Ugras Meltem Korkut , de Laffolie Jan , Matusiewics Krzysztof , Rea Francesca , Casswall Thomas , Roma Eleftheria , Banoub Hany , Cseh Aron , Rogalidou Maria , Lopes Ana Isabel
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The EuroPedHp-registry aims to monitor guideline-conform management, antibiotic resistance, and eradication success of 2-week triple therapy tailored to antibiotic susceptibility (TTT) in Helicobacter pylori-infected children.

Methods

From 2017 to 2020, 30 centres from 17 European countries reported anonymized demographic, clinical, antibiotic susceptibility, treatment, and follow-up data. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with treatment failure.

Results

Of 1605 patients, 873 had follow-up data (53.2% female, median age 13.0 years, 7.5% with ulcer), thereof 741 (85%) treatment naïve (group A) and 132 (15%) after failed therapy (group B). Resistance to metronidazole was present in 21% (A: 17.7%, B: 40.2%), clarithromycin in 28.8% (A: 25%, B: 51.4%), and both in 7.1% (A: 3.8%, B: 26.5%). The majority received 2-week tailored triple therapy combining proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin with clarithromycin (PAC) or metronidazole (PAM). Dosing was lower than recommended for PPI (A: 49%, B: 41%) and amoxicillin (A: 6%, B: 56%). In treatment naïve patients, eradication reached 90% (n = 503, 95% CI 87–93%) and 93% in compliant children (n = 447, 95% CI 90–95%). Tailored triple therapy cured 59% patients after failed therapy (n = 69, 95% CI 48–71%). Treatment failure was associated with PAM in single clarithromycin resistance (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.10–5.53), with PAC in single metronidazole resistance (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.47–8.08), and with low compliance (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 2.49–13.95).

Conclusions

Guideline-conform 2-weeks therapy with PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin or metronidazole tailored to antibiotic susceptibility achieves primary eradication of ≥ 90%. Higher failure rates in single-resistant strains despite tailored treatment indicate missed resistance by sampling error.
Foreign Jack Tars
Authors: Caputo Sara
Published: November 2022

The British Royal Navy of the French Wars (1793–1815) is an enduring national symbol, but we often overlook the tens of thousands of foreign seamen who contributed to its operations. Foreign Jack Tars presents the first in-depth study of their employment in the Navy during this crucial period. Based on sources from across Britain, Europe, and the US, and blending quantitative, social, cultural, economic, and legal history, it challenges the very notions of 'Britishness' and 'foreignness'. The need for manpower during wartime meant that naval recruitment regularly bypassed cultural prejudice, and even legal status. Temporarily outstripped by practical considerations, these categories thus revealed their artificiality. The Navy was not simply an employer in the British maritime market, but a nodal point of global mobility. Exposing the inescapable transnational dimensions of a quintessentially national institution, the book highlights the instability of national boundaries, and the compromises and contradictions underlying the power of modern states.
The Abortion Act 1967
Authors: Sheldon Sally , Davis Gayle , O'Neill Jane , Parker Clare
Published: November 2022

The Abortion Act 1967 may be the most contested law in UK history, sitting on a fault line between the shifting tectonic plates of a rapidly transforming society. While it has survived repeated calls for its reform, with its text barely altered for over five decades, women's experiences of accessing abortion services under it have evolved considerably. Drawing on extensive archival research and interviews, this book explores how the Abortion Act was given meaning by a diverse cast of actors including women seeking access to services, doctors and service providers, campaigners, judges, lawyers, and policy makers. By adopting an innovative biographical approach to the law, the book shows that the Abortion Act is a 'living law'. Using this historically grounded socio-legal approach, this enlightening book demonstrates how the Abortion Act both shaped and was shaped by a constantly changing society.
Empirical Knowledge in the Eighteenth-Century Novel
Authors: Hanlon Aaron R.
Published: November 2022

This Element examines the eighteenth-century novel's contributions to empirical knowledge. Realism has been the conventional framework for treating this subject within literary studies. This Element identifies the limitations of the realism framework for addressing the question of knowledge in the eighteenth-century novel. Moving beyond the familiar focus in the study of novelistic realism on problems of perception and representation, this Element focuses instead on how the eighteenth-century novel staged problems of inductive reasoning. It argues that we should understand the novel's contributions to empirical knowledge primarily in terms of what the novel offered as training ground for methods of reasoning, rather than what it offered in terms of formal innovations for representing knowledge. We learn from such a shift that the eighteenth-century novel was not a failed experiment in realism, or in representing things as they are, but a valuable system for reasoning and thought experiment.
Understanding, Idealization, and Explainable AI
Authors: Fleisher Will
Published: November 2022

Many AI systems that make important decisions are black boxes: how they function is opaque even to their developers. This is due to their high complexity and to the fact that they are trained rather than programmed. Efforts to alleviate the opacity of black box systems are typically discussed in terms of transparency, interpretability, and explainability. However, there is little agreement about what these key concepts mean, which makes it difficult to adjudicate the success or promise of opacity alleviation methods. I argue for a unified account of these key concepts that treats the concept of understanding as fundamental. This allows resources from the philosophy of science and the epistemology of understanding to help guide opacity alleviation efforts. A first significant benefit of this understanding account is that it defuses one of the primary, in-principle objections to post hoc explainable AI (XAI) methods. This “rationalization objection” argues that XAI methods provide mere rationalizations rather than genuine explanations. This is because XAI methods involve using a separate “explanation” system to approximate the original black box system. These explanation systems function in a completely different way than the original system, yet XAI methods make inferences about the original system based on the behavior of the explanation system. I argue that, if we conceive of XAI methods as idealized scientific models, this rationalization worry is dissolved. Idealized scientific models misrepresent their target phenomena, yet are capable of providing significant and genuine understanding of their targets.
Temporal trends in postoperative and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the United States
Authors: Metersky Mark L. , Wang Yun , Klompas Michael , Eckenrode Sheila , Mathew Jasie , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: November 2022

Objective:

To determine change in rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in the United States during 2009–2019.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Patients:

Patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of data from the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System, a chart-abstraction–derived database including 21 adverse-event measures among patients hospitalized in the United States. Changes in observed and risk-adjusted rates of postoperative pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia were derived.

Results:

Among 58,618 patients undergoing major surgical procedures between 2009 and 2019, the observed rate of postoperative pneumonia from 2009–2011 was 1.9% and decreased to 1.3% during 2017–2019. The adjusted annual risk each year, compared to the prior year, was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96). Among 4,007 patients hospitalized for any of these 4 conditions at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia during 2009–2019, we did not detect a significant change in observed or adjusted rates. Observed rates clustered around 10%, and adjusted annual risk compared to the prior year was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95–1.02).

Conclusions:

During 2009–2019, the rate of postoperative pneumonia decreased statistically and clinically significantly in among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures in the United States, but rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized for major surgical procedures, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia did not change.