bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education, Training, and Regional Development: A Policy Relevant Agenda for Regional Science
Authors: Campbell Jr. Harrison S.
Published: March 2021

In preparing these remarks, I am reminded of two recent issues of the International Regional Science Review that were devoted to the outlook for regional science as it reached the age of 40. Several themes emerged from those volumes, including (1) a general need for regional scientists to relate the relevance of their research to “real world” issues; (2) the general perception that we have not fully realized our interdisciplinary heritage; (3) that the pursuit of interdisciplinary work will broaden our theoretical scope and expand our conceptual horizons, thereby making our work more relevant to scholars in other disciplines; and (4) a need to explicitly tie our work to public policy issues and initiatives. The fact that much of our research is premised on its application to public policy means that we are not far from realizing these goals. We must however, seek to reach a broader audience if participation in regional science organizations is to be truly interdisciplinary.
Myrdal contra Ohlin: Accounting for the Sources of U.S. County Per Capita Income Convergence Using a Flexible Decomposition Approach
Authors: Eff E. Anthon
Published: March 2021

The neoclassical perspective, exemplified by Bertil Ohlin, predicts the fact of interregional per capita income convergence and is therefore often invoked in explaining its causes. However, convergence is also explained by other perspectives, such as Gunnar Myrdal’s circular and cumulative causation. Applying a flexible growth-accounting decomposition to nominal per capita income changes in U.S. counties (1969-1996), this paper finds that beta-convergence was generated by government transfer and wage spending, rather than the private sector forces postulated by Ohlin. Migration data suggest that the movement of retirees from rich counties to poor has been an important source of convergence.
Application of a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model to Evaluate Surface Water Reallocation Policies
Authors: Seung Chang K. , Harris Thomas R. , Englin Jeffrey E. , Netusil Noelwah R.
Published: March 2021

This study uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to calculate the economic impacts of reallocating surface water from irrigated agriculture to recreational use at the Stillwater National Wildlife Refuge in Churchill County, Nevada. In this study, we consider three alternative assumptions about how the proceeds from water rights sales are spent. Model results show that under all three alternative assumptions, the combined effect of water rights compensation and the increase in recreation-related expenditures does not offset the reduction in agricultural production.
The Role of the Automotive Industry in Detroit’s Employment Fluctuations: A Multiple Restriction Regime Approach
Authors: Rushen Steven F.
Published: March 2021

Using a vector autoregressive time-series model, I analyze the validity of a multiple restriction regime approach in regional modeling as well as the historical impact of various employment shocks on the Detroit Metropolitan Area economy. For this, the model’s decomposition matrix has two distinct forms that are dependent on the relation of an industry to the automotive industry, the region’s largest manufacturing sector, and the causal restrictions these different regimes place on each version of the model. Results indicate that the use of two different sets of restrictions yields acceptable explanatory power and captures important dynamic characteristics of the data without a substantial increase in computational costs over a single restriction regime approach. Results also indicate that declines in employment in the automotive industry over the past two decades did have a negative effect on the Detroit Metropolitan Area, but not of the immediacy or magnitude popularly believed.
Regional Econometric Housing Start Forecast Accuracy in Florida
Authors: Fullerton Jr. Thomas M. , Taylor West Carol A.
Published: March 2021

Regional econometric forecasting accuracy assessment has traditionally received less attention than its national macroeconometric counterpart. While evidence is available that state and local employment forecasts perform well relative to standard benchmarks, little is known about the historical performance of widely cited regional housing start forecasts. This paper attempts to fill partially that gap in the literature by assessing the accuracy of previously published residential construction forecasts for Florida and its six largest metropolitan areas. Results indicate that regional econometric housing start forecasts are less reliable than regional employment structural model forecasts.
Metropolitan-Nonmetropolitan Distinctions in the Determinants of Family Income Inequality
Authors: Levernier William , Partridge Mark D. , Rickman Dan S.
Published: March 2021

We examine family income inequality using 1990 Census of Population data for the 3)09 counties and independent cities in the 48 contiguous United States. Numerous characteristics of counties are examined for their role in influencing county income inequality. We particularly focus on differences in labor market effects on income inequality between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. This comparison can help policy makers decide whether nonmetro areas should receive more emphasis in national and state and local economic development policies. We find that nonmetro counties are more affected by labor market factors than metro counties, suggesting additional policies aimed at nonmetropolitan areas to reduce income inequality.
The Effect of Individual and Community Attributes on Resident’s Attitudes toward Tourism-based Development
Authors: Jakus Paul M. , Siegel Paul B.
Published: March 2021

Tourism is a popular regional development strategy with both positive and negative impacts. In this paper, ordered probit analysis is used to isolate individual and community attributes which influence residents’ attitudes toward tourism. This approach can be used to help design an appropriate tourism-based development strategy for a given community
The Value of the “Southern” Dollar
Authors: Clark Don P. , Sawyer W. Charles , Sprinkle Richard L.
Published: March 2021

This paper constructs a trade-weighted regional exchange rate index for the Southern states and compares it to a similar index comprising the rest of the United States. Results indicate there are nontrivial differences between them. The two indexes are not cointegrated, and the index comprising the rest of the United States does not appear to be causing movements in the Southern dollar. In an international trade sense, the South is still distinctive. Researchers investigating how exchange rate changes affect regional exports and economic growth should be cautious in making inferences based upon a national exchange rate index.
The South and Regional Science: The Gap between Theory and Practice
Authors: Mulkey David
Published: March 2021

This article is based off of the 1997 Presidential Address at the SRSA Conference.
TSD Facilities Location and Environmental Justice
Authors: Goetz Stephan J. , Kemlage Donald J.
Published: March 2021

After controlling for cost-and demand-related factors affecting the profitability of operating hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal (TSD) facilities, we find that higher shares of minority population and poverty rates are associated with a statistically higher probability that one or more TSD facilities are present in a county. Evidence regarding the relationship between minorities and the number of TSD facilities per capita is mixed. An inverse Kuznet’s U-type effect is found to exist between per capita income and the probability of TSD location.
Rents in Cyberspace
Authors: Berry Brandon J.L.
Published: March 2021

This fellows address discusses the current issues in regional science. Specifically, it discusses how space is affecting the development of regional science.
Native American Economic Development: A Modern Approach
Authors: Smith Dean Howard
Published: March 2021

Recent approaches to problems facing Native American reservation economies address practical solutions to the severe poverty and associated socioeconomic ills while recognizing cultural and sovereignty issues as opposed to simply listing the historical causes of these issues. This paper integrates some of the work completed in the last decade in order to understand the feasibility and processes of sustained economic development on Naive American reservations. Understanding development as a process, rather than a black or white phenomenon, leaves the planner with an optimistic vantage point on the possibilities of success. It is this process orientation that holds the focal point of this paper. Using the Rosebud Sioux Reservation as an exemplar, Jacobs’s (1984) model provides a paradigm for the development process. Understanding the model puts us in a position to fully understand the development possibilities in Indian country as well as the problematic aspects.
Measuring the Net Fiscal Impact of Projects in Rural Areas
Authors: Cargill Thomas F. , Wendel Jeanne
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a simple, realistic, and cost-effective methodology for estimating net fiscal impacts that does not require input-output or structural model frameworks. The methodology is most appropriate for projects in rural areas where analytical methods are constrained by limited data. The method is illustrated in the context of additions to power capacity presented in a 1992 resource plan submitted by a power company in Nevada, however, the principles are not specific to the power company or to the state of Nevada.
Convergence of Regional and State Rates of Growth of Income, Employment, and Population: 1969-2000
Authors: Nissan Edward
Published: March 2021

This study uses historic growth data for the periods 1969- 1978 and 1979-1988 and projections for the period 1988-2000 for income, employment, and population to address the issue of convergence or divergence. Regional trends are examined based upon the coefficient of variation and analysis of variance, while state trends are analyzed using regression methodology. The results indicate a general trend toward convergence of the growth rates during recent decades.
The Hidden Costs of Private Activity Tax-Exempt Bonds
Authors: Marlin Matthew R.
Published: March 2021

A growing body of literature indicates that the tax-exempt bond market is subject to regional segmentation by states. This assumption implies that there are in fact 50 separate tax-exempt bond markets, each finding its own equilibrium yield level according to market conditions in its respective state. If this is indeed the case, then those states that issued large volumes of private activity tax-exempt bonds in the belief that they represented a costless subsidy were in error. This study shows that the increased supplies of private activity tax-exempt debt issued in the states resulted in significantly higher interest rates for all types of debt.
Distribution of Federal Taxes and Expenditures: Urban Vs. Rural States
Authors: Dubin Elliott
Published: March 2021

The spatial allocation of federal expenditures and tax burdens has changed dramatically during the 1980s because of major changes in federal budget priorities and significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code. This study examines changes in the regional net flow of federal funds (the difference between federal expenditures within a region and federal tax burdens borne by the residents of that region) for the periods 1981-83 and 1987-89. The major findings of this study are that federal fiscal activities moderately redistribute resources from higher to lower income regions, and that, with some exceptions, changes in the net flow of federal funds by region have been due to changes in the geographic distribution of federal tax burdens.
The Effects of Greenspace Tax Laws on Urban Development
Authors: Boyd Roy , Turnbull Geoffrey K.
Published: March 2021

This paper provides an analysis of the effects of greenspace land taxes on the allocation of land between competing uses over time. Describing development with estimated linear equations permits the dynamic model to be used to quantify the effect of different taxes on the rate of urbanization. Using data from Forsyth County, N.C., it is shown that land taxes can slow the pace of development- as they are intended to do-but also that the efficiency gains or losses associated with the taxes are modest at best.
Income Inequality in Small Regions: A Study of Australian Statistical Divisions
Authors: Maxwell Philip , Peter Matthew
Published: March 2021

With the exceptions of the early studies by Kuznets (1963) and Williamson (1965), there has been little empirical analysis of the nature of the relationship between economic development of regions and income inequality in countries outside the U.S. This paper offers such an analysis for Australian sub-state regions. It does so in the context of considering the validity of the “augmented inverted U” hypothesis and the influence of factors such as the business cycle, political issues, and demographic trends, which are likely to cause income inequality to change over time.
Prior Geographic Mobility and Job Search Length
Authors: Goss Ernst
Published: March 2021

Research into the unemployment problem has shown that there is a wide variation in the amount of time unemployed workers take to find jobs. The analysis of the causes of this variation has occupied a position of great importance in the development and implementation of national labor market and welfare policies. Many studies of this phenomenon have focused on the impact of unemployment insurance and other government transfer payments on the length of job search. Other studies have concentrated on individual worker characteristics such as age, education level, and material and health status to explain the observed differences in this length. Search theory suggests, however, that one of the most important variables influencing search duration is the amount of information about the labor market that a worker possesses prior to the start of his or her search. In previous studies, this stock of information has been proxied by worker job experience variables, such as the number of years an individual has been in the labor force, his or her education level and age, or whether he or she regularly visits a labor exchange. These variables leave out another potentially important source of an unemployed worker’s stock of information: whether or not the worker has worked in several spatially differentiated labor markets. This study proposed that knowledge of regional wage differentials and other market conditions give a worker with prior geographic mobility experience a better stock of information than one who has worked all of his or her work life in the same geographical location. It is proposed that this superior stock of information has a significant impact on the amount of time it takes an unemployed worker to locate and accept a job.
British Enterprise Zones: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Gunther William D. , Leathers Charles G.
Published: March 2021

In its second term, the Reagan administration has continued to press Congress for legislation to implement a program of enterprise zones. While the proposed federal program has advocates both within and outside the administration, critical analyses by economists and urban policy specialists have raised questions about the potential impacts of enterprise zones on urban areas. Until recently, such analyses had to proceed on a largely theoretical basis. Reports on early developments in the first 11 British enterprise zones, however, now provide an empirical basis for initiating critical assessments of the concept. In this paper, we review the original concept of enterprise zones and note the major features of the actual program implemented by the British government in 1981. Our attention focuses on the number of firms entering the zones, their origins and motives for locating in the zones, the number of jobs involved and sources, and the public cost involved in developing and promoting the zones.
Implications of Restrictions on Imports of Canadian Softwood Lumber to the Southern Softwood Lumber Industry
Authors: Nyankori James C.O. , Nodine Stephen K.
Published: March 2021

A number of policy options for the U.S. softwood industry are under consideration and there are indications that some form of restriction of the Canadian imports is imminent. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of trade restrictions and domestic subsidy on the southern softwood lumber industry. It specifically examines the effect of import tariffs and quotas on Canadian softwood lumber and domestic subsidy of the U.S. softwood lumber industry.
Regional Input-Output Analysis: A Comparison of Five “Ready-Made” Model Systems
Authors: Brucker Sharon M. , Hastings Steven E. , Latham III William R.
Published: March 2021

In order to understand the current state of the art of regional input-output modeling, it is useful to have a feeling for both its recent historical development and the characteristic of current models. In the following section we outline, in the most general way, how the practice of regional input-output modeling has evolved over the last 25 years from an esoteric pastime of the academy to the competitive, market-oriented state in which we find it today. Then we describe some salient characteristics of the products and participants found in that market as we see it. Next we identify five particular products whose characteristics are compared in the rest of the paper. Following the comparisons, we offer some tentative conclusions and suggest potentially fruitful avenues for future research.
An Aggregate Model of Manufacturing Firm Migration
Authors: Coelen Stephen P. , Nakosteen Robert A. , Zimmer Michael A.
Published: March 2021

Aggregate models of firm mobility can provide very specific information to address policy questions, such as the impact of a large force of engineers on the location of a high technology branch plant. However, such studies are silent on the issues of a more general nature, such as the aggregate flow of entrepreneurial factors toward or away from regional wage areas. The goal of this paper is to provide the theoretical framework and an initial test, of such an aggregate model.
The Determination of an Appropriate Urban Production Function: A Statistical Approach
Authors: Duffy Neal E.
Published: March 2021

This paper utilizes a more rigorous statistical approach to determine if a most appropriate empirical urban production function exists. The range of production functions is much more inclusive than those previously estimated by others, owing to the use of a new series of urban capital stock estimates.
Mexican Immigration to Southern California: Issues of Job Competition and Worker Mobility
Authors: Manson Donald M. , Espenshade Thomas J. , Muller Thomas
Published: March 2021

Currently the United States is experiencing one of the most massive waves of immigration in its history. The problem has grown so large that it has raised concerns among citizens that major action is necessary to protect American workers. Moreover, whether immigrants displace native-born workers depends on several additional factors, such as whether or not there is an imbalance in the demand for the type of labor immigrants provide and whether low-and high-skill labor are complements or substitutes.
A Note on Regional Nonagricultural Employment
Authors: Nissan Edward , Caveny Regina
Published: March 2021

In recent years, the popular press has given the impression that massive shifts in nonagricultural employment have occurred, predominantly from the industrial North to the Sunbelt. This note investigates the impact of these shifts upon regional employment patterns at various industry levels and specifically examines the hypothesis that industry employment has become more evenly distributed among regions.
Growth Patterns in Manufacturing Employment in Nigerian Cities
Authors: Oyebamji J. Oluwole
Published: March 2021

In Nigeria, as elsewhere, because of accessibility to markets and raw materials, and economies of urbanizations and large scale horizontal and vertical linkages available in urban locations, manufacturing industries have agglomerated in cities. The purpose of the present study is to examine and analyze the growth patterns of manufacturing employment in Nigerian Cities.
Estimation of a System Model of Regional Income Differentials
Authors: Lee Feng-Yao
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to specify and estimate a simultaneous equations model of regioal income differentials within SEA data. As far as can be determined, no research on income differentials has used a simultaneous equations mode or SEA data. In addition to estimates of the structural model, reduced form equations are derived to find the direct and indirect effects of the various exogenous variables on each endogenous variable.
Influence of Tempering and Cryogenic Treatment on Retained Austenite and Residual Stresses in Carbonitrided 18CrNiMo7-6 Low Alloy Steel
Authors: Katemi Richard J. , Epp Jeremy
Published: March 2021

This work investigated the influence of tempering conditions coupled with cryogenic treatment on thermal stabilization of retained austenite and residual stress distributions in carbonitrided 18CrNiMo76 low alloy steel samples. The carbonitriding conditions were set to enable attaining surface carbon and nitrogen content of 0.87 and 0.34 mass.-percent respectively. After carbonitriding, some of the samples were subjected to varying tempering conditions followed by cryogenic treatment at -120 °C using nitrogen gas. Analysis of both retained austenite and residual stresses was conducted using X-ray diffraction. In the as-quenched state, carbonitrided samples contained 52 mass.-percent. Samples that were directly subjected to the cryogenic treatment after quenching retained only about 20 mass.-percent of austenite. Samples subjected to variant tempering conditions coupled with cryogenic treatment retained at least 30 masses.-percent of austenite. A thermal stabilization of retained austenite which increases with increasing temperature was identified. On tempering at 240°C for 14 hours retained austenite becomes unstable and decomposes to bainite leading to the low initial amount of retained austenite before cryogenic treatment. It can be concluded that the tempering process coupled with cryogenic treatment leads to an increasing hardness, to higher compressive residual stresses as well as to a shift of the location of maximum compressive residual stress toward the surface.
Development of Improved Characteristic Equations for Lake Rukwa in Tanzania
Authors: Valimba Patric C.
Published: March 2021

Often Lake Rukwa characteristics have been misreported in literature giving different volumes and surface areas at similar water surface elevations. This study aimed at establishing reliable lake characteristics elevation-area-storage equations for Lake Rukwa by utilising all available data and information to define the bathymetry and derive characteristic equations. A procedure was developed that combines historical lake extents, spot heights from topographical maps and surveyed lake bathymetry to define refined bathymetry to levels it has never reached. It combined spot heights around the lake and selected 13,934 surveyed points (from 107,938 available) within the lake confined by the 820 m land contour boundary and define topographical raster image, which was used to extract lake volumes and surface areas between the lowest point (778 m) and 820 m boundary. Change-point analysis was used to detect segmentation of the elevation-area and elevation-volume relationships, which were fitted to a shifted power model. Contours generated from a refined bathymetry raster indicated Lake Rukwa to comprise two north and south lake basins, which are separated by a ridge lying at an altitude of 794.3 m. The north and south lakes consist respectively of five (5) and three (3) deeper depressions (pools) paralleling the northwest- southeast Konongo Scarp, which are disconnected below altitudes 792 m (north) and 789.4 m (south). Characteristic elevation-area and elevation-volume equations are segmented for lake below ridge altitude (794.3 m) whereas single relationships prevail for a single Lake Rukwa. Comparison of lake volumes estimated by refined and old equations indicated underestimation of lake stored volumes between 782.2 m and 805.65 m altitudes and overestimation thereafter by the old equations although the under/over-estimation remained within 10% between 801 m and 812 m. Old elevation-area equations underestimate lake surface area of up to 796.8 m, thereafter overestimate the lake area up to an altitude of 804.85 m and above this altitude underestimation re-appear. The old equations under/over-estimation, however, remains within 11% for altitudes between 794.3 m and 810 m. The refined equations indicate surface areas of north and south lakes at ridge altitude to be 2,554.4 and 837.1 km2 , respectively forming a 3,391.5 km2 lake while at its highest recorded historical elevation of 804.69 m, Lake Rukwa is 183 km long and 17-51 km wide occupying an area of 5,614.7 km2 (north: 4,409.8 km2; south: 1,204.9 km2) and containing 58.243 km3 of water (north: 44.318 km3; south: 13.925 km3). The developed characteristic equations can be used for water management studies of Lake Rukwa.
ASSESSING ECOTOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE FRUŠKA GORA N.P. AND THE IMPACTS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia, Braunović Sonja , Jovanović Filip ,   Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: March 2021

The aim of the paper is to identify and assess the factors for the development of ecotourism in the Fruška Gora National Park and to predict possible benefits for strengthening the rural economy of the area. Literature and field research was done to gather information related to geographical location, biodiversity of habitats and species, elements of cultural heritage and infrastructure of the area, as well as demographic and socio-economic status of the local community. To evaluate constraints and future possibilities of ecotourism in the area, SWOT and PESTEL analyses were used. It was found that the convenient location, substantial wildlife resources, abundance in water and geological elements, and the richness of the cultural-historical monuments are an important touristic potential of the area. The main conclusion of the work is that the development of sustainable ecotourism should create the necessary conditions for the rural development, if strategic and financial support is provided.
A QUANTITATIVE TEST OF THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF HEINRICH’S ACCIDENT PYRAMID
Authors: Onwuka C.
Published: March 2021

Herbert W. Heinrich, a pioneer researcher in the field of occupational safety, published a book on occupational accidents in 1931. In the publication, Heinrich presented an Accident Pyramid, which affirmed that one workplace fatality would occur after 300 no-injury accidents have been recorded in a workplace. Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid has since been adopted as a standard for predicting the likelihood that fatalities will occur. Moreover, Heinrich’s claim on occupational accidents was adopted as a standard because of his reputation as a pioneer of occupational safety research. This study seeks to test the statistical hypothesis put forward by Heinrich in reference to General Aviation (GA) accidents and does so with a random subsample of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) data. Retrospective data published for public use by NTSB was collected from 2004 to 2013 for 15,119 GA accidents (with a mean fatal accident count of ≈ 282). The pyramid was initially recommended for use in predicting all forms of accidents, including GA accidents. Notwithstanding, the analysis of an independent variable x, the number of total accidents, and a dependent variable y, the number of fatalities, produced a p-value of approximately 0.821, which indicates no correlation between the variables. There was no statistically significant relationship found between the total number of accidents and fatal accidents, as asserted by Heinrich. This study, therefore, demonstrates that Heinrich’s Accident Pyramid is statistically invalid. Consequently, this means that a fatality may still occur even if the total number of accidents is reduced.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELECTED TUMOUR MARKERS AND CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASM AMONG WOMEN IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
Authors: Atoe K. , Idemudia O. J.
Published: March 2021

Female mortality rate due to cervical cancer is on the increase in developing countries like Nigeria. Early detection of premalignant lesions in the cervix is critical in increasing the chances of survival. This requires an effective primary screening mechanism before the onset of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capacity of three biomarkers; Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125), Cancer Antigen 15.3 (CA15.3) and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm (CIN). The study, which was a cross-sectional prospective study, was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City and Department of Chemical Pathology, Edo University Iyamho, Edo state Nigeria, between August 2017 and January 2019. A total of 197 female participants were recruited and grouped into; Negative, CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 based on histological diagnosis. Venous blood was obtained from participants and serum CA125, CA15.3 and CEA levels were determined using standardized laboratory methods. The results showed a significant elevation in serum CA125, CA15.3 and CEA levels with CIN 3 lesions (17.81 ng/ml, 49.46 ng/ml and 17.43 ng/ml respectively) compared to their counterpart healthy individuals (8.89ng/ml, 32. 18ng/ml and 11.57ng/ml respectively). The markers presented low sensitivities (0 - 54.47 %) and high specificities (98.11 – 100.00 %) when compared with gold standard (histological diagnosis).
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN NIGERIA: AN APPRAISAL OF THE EFFECT OF FOREIGN DONATIONS
Authors: Alonge S. K.
Published: March 2021

Primary Health Care (PHC) provides the most viable route towards achieving health related sustainable development goals (SDGs) and is crucial to the achievement of other SDGs. Given the importance of primary health care, nations across the world devote considerable effort and resources towards establishing and maintaining effective PHC systems. In Nigeria, domestic spending on the health sector has been declining while foreign donations towards improving primary health care have been on the increase. However, recent global trends and the imminent expiry of deadlines for a number of foreign donations point toward a not too distant future without foreign donations for health care system improvements. This constitutes a development challenge. Even though foreign donations have yielded some positive health outcomes, the effect of foreign donations on the primary health care system is unclear. The study set out to examine the amount and effect of foreign donations on the primary health care system in Nigeria. The paper combined qualitative methodology and analysis of literature to investigate the present state of primary healthcare, identify the setbacks to full development of primary healthcare in Nigeria and examined the effects of foreign donations on the primary health care system in Nigeria. The paper found that foreign donations have been increasing but have also led to the perpetuation of a non-committal attitude towards increasing domestic spending on health and the neglect of health system strengthening. Therefore, the paper recommends timely and steady increase in domestic funding for health along with the strengthening of the health system towards creating an effective primary health care system with or without foreign donations.
Moderation effect of client special treatment benefits on the relationship between logistics inte-gration and logistics performance in the logistics services providers’ context
Authors: Ayesh Najla , Mahmood Nik Hasnaa Bte Nik , Baroto Mas Bambang , Mubarak Samah M.A.
Published: March 2021

In the face of global competition and the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the logistics service providers (LSPs) are facing severe challenges to attain their logistics performance indicators. To continue in such a market place, LSPs need to maintain a dedicated integration relationship with their clients by enhancing client special treatment benefits. The aim of this study is to apply the relational view (RV) theory and the relationship marketing (RM) perspective to examine the moderation effect of special treatment benefits on the link between logistics integration and LSPs’ logistics performance (i.e., cost leadership and customer services innovation). Data was collected from 214 Malaysian LSPs, and analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Although the results show that logistics integration has a strong impact on both performances, further analysis shows that a high level of logistics integration has an association with high levels of special treatment benefits (moderating effect), in turn, maintaining performance at a high level. The exploring of the moderation effect of special treatment benefits contributes to the RV theory by incorporating the RM to reflect the moderation effect. Additionally, the study contributes empirically to the field of strategy and RM within the LSPs’ industry. Finally, the findings enable LSPs to better allocate resources to ensure more effective value-based strategies that emphasise on client special treatment benefits to develop financial confidence and maintain long-term dedicated relationships, so as to achieve the target outcomes.
The effect of implementing artificial intelligence on job performance in commercial banks of Jordan
Authors: Abusalma Abdallah
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to clarify the effect of artificial intelligence with its variables (ES, NN, GA, and IA) on job performance. The banking sector in Jordan is used as a study community and targeted managers at all levels, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire is developed for the purpose of collecting data from the random sample. The sample consisted of (319) managers. Also, the study used the descriptive approach and the data are analyzed on SPSS. The results showed that there is a statistically significant effect of artificial intelligence that affects job performance through (GA, and IA) only. In addition, the results showed that gender, academic qualification and years of experience have a statistically significant effect on job performance in commercial banks in Jordan. The study recommends preparing future research for the same variables and the study community, but for another country, in order to generalize the results.
The effect of information systems success factors on user satisfaction in accounting information systems
Authors: Hamdan Mohammad Naser Mousa , Al-Hajri Naser Jafar
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of information systems (ISs) Success Factors the user of (AISs) satisfaction on the Kuwaiti governmental organizations. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed and developed a questionnaire for data collection from the study population and distributed (160) questionnaires. There were (149) retrieval for data analysis which was used for further analysis using SPSS v26. After an appropriate analysis, the study found no significant impact for the success factors (ISs) including the quality of information, the quality of the system and the quality of services on the user satisfaction (AISs).
Fraud prevention of village funds in East Java Indonesia
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Nasih Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This review aims to sniff out potential fraud in controlling village funds and to find out effective mechanisms for preventing village fund fraud in Indonesia. However, apart from contributing institutions that were small, previous researchers have ignored the problem of fraud shortly threatening sustainability of institutions such as a small rural village in Indonesia. So, this study is intended to find out how a small village level institution can prevent fraud. This analysis uses a self-administered questionnaire and distributes 250 questionnaires to village heads, secretary of village heads, and financial treasurers in village institutions with 179 questionnaires for which data can be processed. To test the theoretical model, multiple regression is used. Outputs from multiple regression reveals that a habit of honesty and integrity have a positive effect and significant, process and control the internal and supervisory functions are good and behavioral religious has a positive effect but are less significant in the fraud preventive mechanism if implemented partially. This finding also provides a strong picture that if the four dimensions of fraud prevention mechanism must be implemented simultaneously to have high effectiveness and vice versa. On the whole, the research paper is advocating some tactics to prevent fraud which is effective to reduce the threat of fraud in the institution at the smallest village level in Indonesia and the countries of the developing others. The lack of studies empirically the impact of habits of honesty, internal control, and monitoring Duty proper religious behavior and attitudes in an effective study of fraud prevention in non-Western environments has answered the need for this research.
La malrotazione intestinale: cosa deve sapere il pediatra
Authors: Tumminelli Cristina , Galimberti Anna Maria Chiara , Di Leo Grazia , Codrich Daniela , Murru Flora Maria , Gortani Giulia
Published: March 2021

Intestinal malrotation includes anomalies of intestinal rotation and fixation occurred during embryogenesis. It may present with acute or chronic-intermittent symptoms or remain asymptomatic. There are several methods to identify a defect of intestinal rotation, however an upper gastrointestinal series remains the method of choice in non-acute cases. Surgical correction is performed by open laparotomy, while the laparoscopic approach is reserved only to selected cases. This article suggests an evaluation of children with suspected intestinal malrotation and gives information about its management and complications to paediatricians.
Statistical Properties of a New Bathtub Shaped Failure Rate Model With Applications in Survival and Failure Rate Data
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Z. , Iqbal Muhammad Z. , Mutairi Alya Al
Published: March 2021

In this study, we proposed a flexible lifetime model identified as the modified exponentiated Kumaraswamy (MEK) distribution. Some distributional and reliability properties were derived and discussed, including explicit expressions for the moments, quantile function, and order statistics. We discussed all the possible shapes of the density and the failure rate functions. We utilized the method of maximum likelihood to estimate the unknown parameters of the MEK distribution and executed a simulation study to assess the asymptotic behavior of the MLEs. Four suitable lifetime data sets we engaged and modeled, to disclose the usefulness and the dominance of the MEK distribution over its participant models.
Os principais fundamentos do indicador MHP - Movimentos por Hora uma análise pelos portos catarinenses
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos Manuel Taboada , Luz Evandro Moritz , Neto Júlio Cesar Schmitt , Sosa Orestes Martinez
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar os principais fundamentos que influenciam na medida do indicador de desempenho dos movimentos por hora (MPH) de contêiner com carga. O transporte marítimo é o principal modal utilizado pelo intenso comércio internacional, sendo o porto um importante elo estratégico da logística internacional. Os portos catarinenses estão presentes de forma significativa no cenário brasileiro em movimentação de contêineres, desta forma este artigo contempla uma pesquisa teórica e legitimada por meio de uma pesquisa prática na aplicação de um questionário misto com os gestores de cinco portos catarinenses, a fim de identificar os principais fundamentos do indicador de desempenho MPH. Evidenciou-se que os estudos teóricos acerca do indicador MPH são confirmados na pesquisa prática com os gestores portuários, corroborando com a pesquisa, porém de forma inicial para que futuramente se adotem características uniformes, no serviço portuário brasileiro e internacional.
Estudo do processo de tanques isotérmicos rodoviários cilíndricos visando ações de melhorias através do Lean Manufacturing e mapa do fluxo de valor
Authors: Schneider Vanessa Andréia , Stefan de Carvalho Patrícia , Wollmann Taborda Loana
Published: March 2021

Devido à necessidade das empresas manterem-se competitivas, estudos de melhorias devem ser realizados constantemente nas indústrias, tendo a finalidade de minimizar despesas, desperdícios e maximizar lucros. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e estudar de maneira detalhada o processo de produção de tanques isotérmicos rodoviários, através do mapeamento de processos e mapa de fluxo de valor, visando propor ações de melhorias, seguindo os preceitos do lean manufacturing. Neste estudo de caso, através da pesquisa descritiva realizou-se a observação, análise e interpretação dos processos da linha de produção. Quanto às técnicas, foi utilizada a pesquisa documental e observação. Foi realizado o mapeamento de processos do produto em questão, estudando detalhadamente as peculiaridades da linha de produção. Posteriormente, desenvolveu-se o mapa do fluxo de valor presente, observando o fluxo de materiais e informações da cadeia produtiva. Um mapa do fluxo de valor futuro foi proposto, contribuindo com a empresa laboratório do estudo.
Disseminated TB in inpatient deaths at a tertiary care centre: an autopsy study over three decades
Authors: Siakia U. N. , Vishwajeet V. , Kumar R. , Suri V. , Joshi K. , Radotra B.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: One of the most severe forms of TB, disseminated TB (dTB) is associated with significant mortality. A retrospective study was undertaken to assess the proportion of dTB among inpatient deaths and to describe the pathological spectrum of lesions. Associated comorbidities
and missed dTB cases ante-mortem were also sought.METHODS: Data on autopsy-confirmed cases of dTB from over three decades (1988–2016) obtained from the departmental archives of the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, were reviewed
for clinical details, as well as gross and histopathological findings. The proportion of autopsy-confirmed dTB were reported.RESULTS: During this period, a total of 243 autopsy-confirmed cases were retrieved. The organs most commonly involved in these cases were the lungs (90.1%),
followed by the liver (72%), spleen (44%), kidneys (37%), bone marrow (17%), adrenals (12.2%), intestine (11.4%), pancreas (8.5%) and reproductive organs (6.9%). The brain was involved in 73.3% cases. In one third of cases, the diagnosis of TB was not suspected ante-mortem. Comorbid conditions
were noted in 36.2% cases.CONCLUSION: A significant burden of dTB was noted among hospital inpatient deaths. Due to multi-organ involvement, dTB has atypical symptoms and may remain undiagnosed ante-mortem. Increased awareness and robust screening of TB cases are mandatory, particularly
in patients with underlying comorbidities.
Sexualitate, viol, personalitate. O contributie stiintifica. Breviar de psihologie si criminologie in fantasmele sexuale
Authors: Les Alin
Published: March 2021

Lucrarea reprezinta o compilatie de randuri si idei regasite in manuscrisul disertatiei doctorale Contributii metodologice de natura psihologica si criminologica la studiul fantasmelor in infractiunea de viol, sustinuta in 2020 in cadrul Universitatii din Bucuresti, Scoala Doctorala a Facultatii de Psihologie si Stiintele Educatiei si isi propune sa puna bazele stiintifice ale studiului sexualitatii in Romania, prin intermediul fantasmelor sexuale. Aceasta include in prima parte introducerea, enuntarea problematicii si motivatia alegerii temei, obiectiva si subiectiva.
Creator si creatie. Parintele Dumitru Staniloae - valorificator al scrierilor areopagitice
Authors: Chircalan Ionut
Published: March 2021

Despre scrierile areopagitice (teologia si filozofia lor) s-a scris mult in ultima vreme si la noi. Chiar s-au intocmit teze pentru obtinerea titlului de doctor cu siguranta si in teologie, dar si in filozofie. Este bine ca au intrat si in ordinea de interes a filozofilor (istoricilor filozofiei, chiar a eticienilor) mai intai pentru ca, desi cu dominanta teologica scrierile areopagitice sunt, totodata, depozitare ale unei mari filozofii. De fapt, pentru ramura rasariteana a crestinismului, dupa Apologiile si Dialogul cu iudeul Tryphon ale Sfantului Justin Martirul si Filozoful, scrierile areopagitice sunt, poate, in cea mai mare masura, de intemeiere pentru filozofia crestina. In al doilea rand, lectura alternativa este cale sigura si dreapta catre dialog. Aplecarea asupra aceluiasi text, din situari diferite, nu separa, prin aceasta, pentru motivul simplu ca o lectura ia seama de dominanta, iar alta de „Jocul secund” al operei. Pentru ca in logica operei deschise intra si aceasta dubla asezare. Avand o dominanta: teologica, filozofica, poetica, stiintifica, orice carte este de interes secund si pentru alte lecturi-interpretari. Numai din spatiul primelor scrieri crestine Corpusul areopagitic, bunaoara, poate fi citit, intregitor, si in grila filozofica si dinspre etica, iar frumusetea limbajului, particularitatile lui, venind din intensul apofatism si dintr-o gramatica, as zice, a superlativelor, fac din el si monument de limba si de stilistica.
NECESSÁRIA EVOLUÇÃO DAS AUDIÊNCIAS CÍVEIS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA (COVID-19)
Authors: Caroline  Marsola Flavia , da  Costa  Machado  Filho Fernando , Vieira  dos  Santos Leandro , Carolina Colorado Borges Sarah
Published: March 2021

This article aims to discuss virtual audiences during the period of social distance due to the pandemic state reported by COVID-19. Until then, the virtual audience was a sporadic procedure. However, the current situation of distance has brought the need for the use of virtual hearings as a routine procedure given the impossibility of the physical presence of the components of the process in the Courts. Therefore, as the practice became common, it was necessary to proceed with the procedures, in order to ensure the basic principles of the process. Thus, it was of great importance to adapt to audiences by videoconference, thus emerging an evolution regarding digital procedural acts. Several questions were raised regarding the practice of online hearings. Thejudiciary satisfactorily faced the changes imposed by the social distance, leaving then the approval of the virtual audience for after the pandemic. Due legal process was guaranteed, with several super issues regarding the practices adopted by the judges.The applied methodology is qualitative with the collection of data by bibliographic and jurisprudential research, as well as news from newspapers, newsletters and electronic magazines. The legislation was also adopted as a source of study.