bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avances en el desarrollo de modelos de predicción del comportamiento a fatiga de uniones soldadas
Authors: Guerrero Andrés , Chapetti Mirco
Published: December 2020

El uso de los métodos tradicionales de diseño de componentes soldados, donde la tensión que se utiliza como parámetro de diseño es una tensión nominal o equivalente aplicada a la configuración analizada, no permite estudiar la influencia de los diferentes parámetros geométricos, mecánicos y  microestructurales que definen el comportamiento a fatiga de una determinada unión. El presente trabajo trata sobre el avance del desarrollo de nuevas metodologías fractomecánicas que permiten estudiar y predecir el comportamiento a fatiga de componentes metálicos y su plicación  juntas soldadas. En esta nueva metodología el comportamiento a fatiga es estudiado utilizando el concepto de curva de resistencia, la que permite estimar la velocidad de propagación de fisuras en todo su rango de longitud, incluyendo el período de fisuras cortas. El concepto de curva umbral de propagación permite además definir umbrales nominales de fractura por fatiga. En particular, se presentan resultados del análisis de los primeros ensayos experimentales realizados con una metodología experimental dedicada, especialmente diseñada para obtener toda la información necesaria para el desarrollo y puesta a punto de las nuevas metodologías de predicción. Los resultados experimentales utilizados para el estudio corresponden a uniones soldadas a tope de chapas de acero A36 de ½” de espesor.
Estabilidad de los puntos de críticos de los sistemas dinámicos autónomos lineales
Authors: Chávez Delgado Jhony Alfonso , Rodríguez Delgado Eduardo , Méndez Avalos Luis César , Atahuachi Catacora Jeaneth Gaby
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la estabilidad y la estabilidad asintótica sin conocer la solución del sistema dinámico autónomo lineal, la cual puede resultar difícil, incluso, imposible. Se empleó el método inductivo y deductivo para establecer un criterio de estabilidad a través de la solución constante de un sistema autónomo lineal. Como resultado, se generalizó la estabilidad de los puntos críticos de manera cuantitativa, examinando los valores propios de una matriz cuadrada no singular. Esta matriz tiene la propiedad de que el sistema autónomo es asintóticamente estable si las partes reales de todos los valores propios de la matriz no singular son negativos, y estable si la matriz no singular tiene un par de valores imaginarios puros de multiplicidad uno. Así mismo, se clasificaron los puntos de críticos cualitativamente en el plano de  fase. La estabilidad se justifica principalmente por la importancia que tiene en la moderna teoría de control y en la estabilidad de los sistemas dinámicos no lineales.
Tuberculosis Infection Could Mimic Malignant Lymphoma In F-18 FDG PET: A Case Report
Authors: Yudistiro Ryan , Mulyanto Ivana Dewi , Hutomo Febby , Chung Daniel , Kurniawan Andree , Gultom Fajar L. , Gunarsa Ralph Girson
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Lymphoma and tuberculosis in several cases share similar clinical features that are difficult to differentiate. Lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms are clinical features that could be found in both lymphoma and tuberculosis. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG PET) is a pivotal modality for imaging patients with cancer. Several non-malignant diseases like tuberculosis infection show high FDG uptake and lead to low specificity of F-18 FDG PET.Case Presentation: This case report describes a 55-year-old male patient with a history of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) who was suspected of having a recurrent disease. The patient has had a 6-month remission period after 6 cycles of R-CHOP regimen chemotherapy. He denied any known history of tuberculosis infection and HIV. F-18 FDG PET was performed to assess the extent of suspected lymphoma recurrent disease. F-18 FDG PET demonstrated multiple hypermetabolic bilateral neck region, mediastinum, and bilateral axilla lymphadenopathies. There were also multiple high FDG uptakes in the liver, mesocolon, and bones. The patient was suspected of having a lymphoma recurrent disease based on these findings. He underwent an excisional biopsy in the neck and was found to have lymphadenitis granulomatous disease from tuberculosis. Based on the histopathology finding, the patient received anti-tuberculosis drugs for 12 months and showed relief of signs and symptoms. F-18 FDG PET for anti-tuberculosis treatment evaluation revealed a complete metabolic response.Conclusion: Tuberculosis should be one of the differential diagnoses when a lymphoma recurrent disease is suspected. Clinical features, laboratory results, and imaging findings sometimes show similarities between lymphoma and tuberculosis. Histopathology evaluation is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis.
Sepsis in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Aisyi Mururul , Dwijayanti Fifi , Wigati Reni , Mahdi Haridini Intan , Yunus Laswita , Chainurridha Chainurridha , Wulandari Tri Aprilliana
Published: December 2020

Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, with around 75,000 inpatients each year and nearly 50% dying in pediatric hospitals. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood is a malignancy originating from lymphoid progenitor cells, usually at the age of 2–6 years. Children with ALL contribute 30% to childhood cancer cases under 15 years old. Sepsis in pediatric patients increases mortality significantly. A previous study showed that the prevalence of sepsis in pediatrics is still high. Thus, this study aims to report ALL patients with sepsis in our institution.Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study at the National Cancer Center (NCC) - Dharmais Cancer Hospital. We recruited acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients aged 2-18 years with suspected or documented sepsis based on Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) by The International Consensus Conference on Pediatric Sepsis. The data were collected by medical records from January 2014 to December 2018.Results: A total of 94 pediatric patients in the study included 57 males and 37 females with an average age of 5 years. The age range was 1–18 years with a median age of 5 years. The prevalence of sepsis in pediatric with ALL was 11 patients (11.7%) and 45.5% of deaths. The clinical conditions were as follows: abnormal temperature (8 [72.7%]), abnormal blood pressure, systolic (7 [63.6%]) and diastolic (7 [63.6%]), abnormal pulse rate (9 [81.8%]), abnormal respiratory rate (8 [72.7%]), and normal saturation (6 [54.5%]). We also did a laboratory check followed by all sepsis patients who had abnormal leukocytes (11 [100%]), and abnormal lymphocytes count (8 [72.7%]).Conclusions: The mortality rate and prevalence of sepsis in children with ALL in our institution are still high. Further prospective studies are required to explore the risk factors and predictors of sepsis based on its severity and adherence of health workers to implement guidelines on patients with sepsis in the hospital.
Simultaneous Kidney and Liver Resection in Renal Cell Carcinoma Liver Metastases: A Tale of Two Cases
Authors: Jamtani Indah , Nugroho Adianto , Hudaya Syamsu , Saunar Rofi Y. , Widarso Aditomo , Poniman Taslim
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Resection of renal cell carcinoma liver metastases (RCCLM) is known to provide a good survival outcome. Simultaneous RCCLM resection with the primary tumor is commonly done in cases with direct extension of locally advanced RCC to liver parenchyma. Cases of safe simultaneous resection of liver and kidney in malignancy have not been reported before in Indonesia. Case Presentation: We aim to describe two cases of left-sided RCC with right-sided RCCLM who underwent simultaneous kidney and liver resection. Both patients had good short-term survival with no intra-operative and post-operative complications.Conclusion: Although simultaneous kidney and liver resection poses challenges of substantial morbidity, a safe surgical and multidisciplinary approach could be implemented in selected cases with a good surgical outcome.
Cost of illness of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC)
Authors: Marcellusi Andrea , Bini Chiara , Peris Ketty , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Mennini Francesco Saverio
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the total annual direct costs incurred by the National Health Service for the management and treatment of CSCC and advanced CSCC patients in Italy.

Methods: An incidence-based cost of illness (COI) model was developed to estimate direct costs associated with the treatment and management of CSCC patients in Italy. The identified treatment pathway was validated with a team of clinical experts and was distinguished between resectable CSCC and locally advanced CSCC or metastatic CSCC. Treatments costs were obtained through the analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Database (HDD) for the years 2015-2018; monitoring and terminal care costs were obtained from national tariffs of outpatient care service and from the literature respectively.

Results: Associating the estimated costs for each phase of the treatment pathway with the proportion of patients present in each phase, the COI model estimated an annual economic burden of about € 25.9 million for the management and treatment of patients with CSCC in Italy, € 2.7 million of which were associated to patients with advanced CSCC. The average cost per patient with advanced CSCC was higher compared to that of patient with resectable CSCC (€ 4,490 vs € 2,236 respectively).

Conclusions: Our analysis showed that advanced CSCC patients are associated with a higher average cost than patients with resectable CSCC.
THE CAUSES OF THE WEST UKRAINIAN PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC (ZUNR) DEFEAT: INVASION, HEROISM, INACTIVITY OR TREASON?
Authors: YAKYMOVYCH Bohdan
Published: December 2020

Assessing the Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1921, and the proclaiming of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR) as the second most crucial phenomenon in the history of the Ukrainian people after the establishment of the Cossack State under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi in the 18th century, the author of this study pays special attention to the mistakes of the political and army leadership of the Galicians, which caused the demise of the state in the Galicia-Bukovyna-Zakarpattia region. The author identifies three periods, during which it was possible to send the Polish occupiers away from the territory of the Eastern Galicia. It was the wasted time, disorientation in the Polish domestic contradictions, disarrangement of the rear, failure to enforce the Act of Unification of the ZUNR, and the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR), as well as the developments in the Dnieper region, caused the demise of the ZUNR. The latter found itself face to face with the might of the revived Polish state already in the second quarter of 1919. Just at that time, the Entente, with a neutral position of the United States, supplied the Poles with considerable forces and means throwing the Ukrainians at the paws of Poland, Romania, and White and Red Russia. Keywords West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR), Lviv, Peremyshl (Przemysl), Dmytro Vitovskyi, Hnat Stefaniv, Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko
ISSUES OF MILITARY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE IN THE EARLY 2000S.
Authors: TKACHUK Andrii
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the main problems of military development, which were solved by Ukraine in the early 2000s. A special emphasis is on the development of the legal framework for the functioning of the domestic security and defense sector. The dynamics and main features of the state programs on reforming the Armed Forces of Ukraine (ZSU) as the main element of the functioning of the security and defense sector and the military organization of Ukraine are highlighted. The problematic internal political situation in the country forced the authorities to develop and reform the Ukrainian army on the principle of defense sufficiency, which consisted of creating a compact but highly professional army capable of fulfilling its tasks. The Armed Forces reforming was accompanied by a legislative increase in the number of state bodies related to the national security sector and intended to improve the quality of the military organization of the state in case of a crisis. Practically, the essence of the reforms was to reduce the number of personnel. It should reduce state budget expenditures, as well as increase bodies of the military organization, which due to legislation drafting errors, often doubled functions, thereby decreasing its efficiency. At the same time, the legislators did not pay attention to numerous urgent problems of the Armed Forces, mainly socio-economic. Despite many attempts to provide legal support for military construction in Ukraine in the early 2000s, all of them neither had the proper effect nor significantly influenced the strengthening of the state's defense capabilities. A large number of defense structures proved to be ineffective when the Armed Forces funded on a residual principle. This, in turn, nullified any attempt to reform Ukraine's Armed Forces fully.
Keywords

security, defense, Armed Forces, legislation.
Organizing Court Administration in order to fulfil access to justice under the Covid-19 State of crisis
Authors: Chandranegara Ibnu Sina , Marfungah Luthfi
Published: December 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic in different countries, particularly in terms of performing their duties and functions, has both direct and indirect implications on the judiciary. This paper calls for a contrast between the implementation of law emergencies in the United States and the judiciary's reflection in Indonesia. The study uses the comparative approach in constitutional law to provide advice, which needs to be avoided in the Indonesian constitutional law by researching legal material and procedures in other countries' constitutional law. This article concludes that the Law of Judicial Power and the Law of Procedure in Indonesia require strict legal material on how procedural law does not give delegates too much technical, regulatory authority to each court during the time of crisis and has the potential to create unequal policies in the future to deal with judicial emergencies so that regulation is necessary.
Use of Membrane with or without Bio-Oss For Extraction Socket Preservation: A Case Series
Authors: Piovezana Angelita , Gregorio Danielle , Paludeto Daiane Andrian de Oliveira , Etore Letícia de Cássia Demeu , Guskuma Marcos Heidy , Maia Luciana Prado
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this case report / case series was to analyze the pattern of alveolar bone repair after extraction with the use of a collagen membrane associated or not with lyophilized bovine bone (Bio-Oss). The sample consisted of six adult patients, aged from 40 to 60 years, with indication of extraction of the upper incisors and subsequent rehabilitation with dental implants, three participants were randomly distributed in the following groups: Test - Bio-Oss associated with collagen membrane absorbable; Control - blood clot associated with an absorbable collagen membrane. Alveoli with significant bone loss, probe greater than 4 mm, uncontrolled systemic changes and smoker were excluded. The less traumatic extractions, followed by anti-inflammatory and antibiotic protocol. Computed tomography images from the preoperative time (T0) and after 4 months (T1) were used to measure bone filling. The data were compared using the T test, considering a 5% significance level. Less resorption was observed in the test group (p = 0.002). The technique of preserving the alveolar ridge with Bio-Oss and absorbable membrane was satisfactory to prevent changes in the contour of the tissue.
Reuse of the biomasses generated during candied fruit and table olive industrial processing for dog feed production
Authors: Chimatti Wilson Ricardo , Marra Elisa Barbosa , Andrade Geisiane Moraes de , Nere Hariadny Aline Calixto , Silva Ana Carolina Conti e , Martins Adriana Lau da Silva , Pereira Cristiane de Souza Siqueira
Published: December 2020

Organic waste is derived from production processes, the amount of waste generated from two factories participating in this work reaches approximately 2000t / year, directly impacting the environment, making areas conducive to the development of insects and pests attracted by the discarded residual food. The cost used in the correct disposal of this waste, directing it to the local landfill is approximately R $ 150,000.00 / year. Considering the great nutritional value present in biomass, this work aimed to reuse these residues to produce a dog food. For this, a methodology was created to treat these biomasses, transforming them into co-products for commercialization. With this, a formulation was developed incorporating the by-products of olives, papayas and oranges, plus other essential ingredients for dog food, complying with the current legislation, resulting in a product with high added value. The developed feed used 38% of the residual biomass in its composition, and compromised, through the simulated study, all the material generated by the industries, being able to reduce a large part of the disposal expenses to the sanitary landfill. The generation of revenue from the sale of biomasses has subtracted the expenses with landfill disposal, making the process economically viable in addition to proposing a sustainable solution to the manufacturing process.
Efeitos deletérios ocasionados por sonda orogástrica em recém nascido a pré-termo em uma uti neonatal: relato de caso clínico
Authors: Baeder Fernando Martins , Silva Daniel Furtado , Corazza Paola Fernanda Leal , Albuquerque Ana Carolina Lyra de , Serrão Maria do Carmo Pessoa Nogueira , Cardoso Andreia Medeiros Rodrigues , Morae Gerson Sadao Miyoshi , Portes Maria Lucia , Quaglio Cibelle
Published: December 2020

There are countless causes that lead a baby to be born premature: placental changes (placenta previa and premature detachment), excess amniotic fluid, maternal age (mothers under 18 years of age), maternal infections, primacy, use of alcohol and drugs. The premature baby's trajectory begins with hospitalization, usually for long periods in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), due to pulmonary immaturity and the need for prolonged ventilatory support. Gastric probing by oral or nasal route is an essential procedure in assisting nutrition for newborns up to thirty-four weeks of gestational age, as it does not have fully developed sucking and swallowing reflexes. The literature describes several oral changes present in premature and low birth weight children, highlighting an increase in the incidence of enamel defects, such as hypoplasia and hypomineralization, an increase in the incidence of dental caries, developmental and eruption delay of the primary dentition, dental and palate malformation. The aim was to report the clinical case of a premature infant with chronic use of an orogastric tube (OT) with lesion in the middle region of the upper lip and gum pad. After 24 hours of repositioning the OT, can be observed the lesion regression. Thus, the presence of the dentist in the NICUs, assisting with protocol and diagnostic measures, can minimize deleterious effects on the oral cavity. It should be noted that the training and applicability of dental protocols in NICUs improves safety in the care of the newborn.
AKTUALISASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN HUKUM NASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PERDA PROVINSI, KABUPATEN/KOTA DI INDONESIA)
Authors: Liany Lusy
Published: December 2020

Pancasila sebagai sumber dari segala sumber hukum terdapat dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 alinea keempat. Ditegaskan dalam Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Perundang-undangan. Pada penjelasan pasal 2 disebutkan bahwa Pancasila sebagai dasar dan ideologi negara serta sekaligus dasar filosofis negara sehingga setiap materi muatan peraturan perundang-undangan tidak boleh bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila. Maka dari itu, untuk membangun hukum nasional yang berintegritas dan bersinergi diperlukan aktualisasi nilai-nilai Pancasila disetiap sendi-sendi setiap peraturan perundang-undangan dan harmonisasi hukum antara hukum yang berasal dari niliai-nilai yang hidup dan berkembang ditengah masyarakat dengan hukum modern yang positivis. Dengan mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai etika dan moral dari Pancasila disetiap sendi-sendi setiap peraturan perundang-undangan diharapakan terciptanya pembangungan hukum nasional yang berintegritas dan bermoralitas sesuai dengan nilai jati luhur bangsa.
PENERAPAN PROGRAM APU PPT UNTUK MENCEGAH PENCUCIAN UANG DAN PENDANAAN TERORISME PADA INDUSTRI FINTECH
Authors: Annisa Febrina , Resi Putri Prima
Published: December 2020

Perkembangan teknologi terutama di bidang keuangan semakin maju dan berkembang. Salah satunya FinTech atau Financial Technology, yang di Indonesia sendiri baru mulai berkembang di tahun 2007, yang tentunya tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadinya risiko-risiko pencucian uang dan pendanaan terorisme. The FATF Recommendations meminta dan mewajibkan setiap negara untuk mengkriminalisasi segala bentuk pencucian uang dan pendanaan terorisme. Indonesia termasuk negara yang mempunyai komitmen penuh dalam mencegah dan memberantas pencucian uang dan pendanaan terorisme. Melalui penelitian ini penulis berusaha untuk menganalisa penerapan APU PPT untuk mencegah pencucian uang dan pendanaan terorisme sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, Undang-Undang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pendanaan Terorisme, POJK Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang POJK P2P Lendingdan POJK No. 12/POJK.01/2017 tentang Penerapan Program Anti Pencucian Uang dan Pencegahan Pendanaan Terorisme (APU PPT).
CLASSIFICATION OF CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS ON INSTAGRAM COMMENTS USING NAÏVE BAYES ALGORITHM WITH N-GRAM FEATURE EXTENSION
Authors: Amsury Fachri , Ruhyana Nanang , Saputra Irwansyah , Sulistyowati Daning Nur
Published: December 2020

Customer complaints about the company can be used as a form of self-evaluation and performance that has been carried out by the company, based on customer complaints the company can find out the weaknesses that exist in the company and fix them. The forms of submitting customer complaints are very diverse, currently not only by telephone, but customers also submit suggestions or complaints, customers can submit suggestions or complaints via electronic mail or e-mail or forums in cyberspace that are indeed created by product-producing companies to accommodate various complaints, suggestions, and direct criticism from consumers, especially social media that are free to express opinions on the delivery services used. Instagram is a social media that is more inclined towards images and on the other hand, has captions and comments text, a study is needed for the problem of customer complaints from shipping service users on an Instagram account of a delivery service company. Based on this background, a solution is needed in solving problems for text mining classification using Naïve Bayes with SMOTE techniques and N-Gram feature extraction with the usual process for text mining so that it can produce Naïve Bayes and SMOTE accuracy with an accuracy of 88.54%, before implementation. N-Gram and the accuracy rate increased by 1.44% after the N-Gram Term was applied to 89.98% by using a dataset of 776 Instagram comment text records that had to preprocess text.
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON TWITTER OF PSBB EFFECT USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Saputra Irwansyah , Halomoan Jose Andrean , Raharjo Adam Bagusmugi , Syavira Cyra Rezky Ananda
Published: December 2020

A collection of tweets from Twitter users about PSBB can be used as sentiment analysis. The data obtained is processed using data mining techniques (data mining), in which there is a process of mining the text, tokenize, transformation, classification, stem, etc. Then calculated into three different algorithms to be compared, the algorithm used is the Decision Tree, K-NN, and Naïve Bayes Classifier to find the best accuracy. Rapidminer application is also used to facilitate writers in processing data. The highest results from this study were the Decision Tree algorithm with an accuracy of 83.3%, precision 79%, and recall 87.17%.
DETERMINATION OF BOOK LOAN ASSOCIATION PATTERN USING APRIORI ALGORITHM IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES
Authors: Irfiani Eni
Published: December 2020

One way to increase knowledge is by reading literature from books. The young generation as the nation's hope generation is expected to have a high interest in reading to broaden their horizons. Libraries as a place for literature books to provide various types of books. The use of books available in the public libraries of Depok city is still insufficient as seen from the low number of books borrowed by members, especially among the younger generation aged 17 to 25 years. Therefore it is necessary to have a pattern to see the books that are often borrowed by members so that the supply of the types of books that are most attractive to the younger generation that is provided becomes more varied. The method used to determine the association pattern of lending books to the library is using a priori algorithm. From the research results, there are seven rule associations with books that have the highest confidence value and are most often borrowed simultaneously, namely history books and novels as well as history and philosophy. Based on rule association, it is able to assist library officers in providing the most popular types of books among adolescents. In addition, the research results can be used as a reference in placing the book layout on the shelf based on the books that are most often borrowed simultaneously.
STUDI E INSEGNAMENTO DEL DIRITTO ROMANO IN BULGARIA
Authors: NOVKIRISHLA - STOYANOVA Malına
Published: December 2020

L'articolo presenta lo sviluppo dello studio e del’insegnamento del diritto romano dalla fine del XIX secolo ai giorni nostri. Vengono presentate la tradizione didattica europea seguita anche in Bulgaria e i nuovi aspetti dell'insegnamento del diritto romano nelle più grandi Facoltà di giurisprudenza delle università Bulgare e l'introduzione dello studio del diritto pubblico romano dal 2012 in poi.
CIVES, SANNITI, CONSUETUDO
Authors: ZARRO Gıanluca
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Roma dönemi öncesi İtalyasında M.Ö. 4. yüzyıla kadar uzanan ve “paganico-vicana” olarak adlandırılan teşkilatın varlığı incelenmekte ve pagus’un hem yalıtılmış evler hem de bir veya birden fazla vici’yi içermiş olması gerektiği ve taşra yerleşim yerinde veya hatta vicus dahilinde bulunabilecek toplanma merkezinin esasında bir ibadethane içinde bulunduğu yorumunun artık geçerliğinin kalmadığı düşüncesi irdelenmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yazarın görüşüne göre, pagus’un veya başka türlü güçlü bir yerleşim yeri teşkilatının varlığı tamamıyla hariç tutulmamaktadır; öyle ki askeri savunma yapıları kapsamında değerlendirilen “bariyer hisarları”na işaret eden arkeolojik bulgulardan bu durum saptanabilmektedir. Çalışmanın ilgilendiği bir başka konu da yerleşim yeri teşkilatı olan vicus ile birlikte “emporium”un tanımlanmasıdır. “Emporium” mefhumu, ius civile’ye göre birbirleriyle akitleşmeleri yasak olan Romalılar ve peregrini (yabancılar) arasındaki hukuki işlemlerin gerçekleştiği yer olan asyla kapsamında tanımlanmaktadır.
1985 KUZEY KIBRIS TÜRK CUMHURİYETİ ANAYASASI’NA GÖRE OLAĞANÜSTÜ DURUMLARIN KAPSAMI
Authors: EKİNCİ Bezar Eylem
Published: December 2020

1985 Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC) Anayasası’nın Dördüncü Bölümü’nde “Olağanüstü Durumlar” düzenlenmektedir. Anayasa’da olağanüstü durumlar, üç maddede yer almaktadır. Bunlar, tabii afet ve ağır ekonomik bunalım nedeniyle; şiddet olaylarının yaygınlaşması ve kamu düzeninin ciddi şekilde bozulması nedenleriyle ilân edilen olağanüstü durumlar ya da sıkıyönetim, seferberlik ve savaş halidir. İlk olarak olağanüstü durumların nasıl düzenlendiği ele alınacaktır. Ardından olağanüstü durumlarda temel hak ve özgürlüklerin sınırlandırılması açıklanacaktır. Son olarak, Anayasa’ya göre olağanüstü durum işlemlerinin yargısal denetimi incelenecektir.
HAKSIZ FİİL HUKUKUNUN AMACI
Authors: GÖNÜL KOŞAR Günhan
Published: December 2020

Haksız fiil hukukunun amacı hâkim görüşe göre, zarar görenin zararının telafi edilmesi olup önleme, telafi amacına nazaran ikincil niteliktedir ve zararın telafisinin olumlu yan etkisidir. Bununla beraber, özellikle hukuk ve ekonomi öğretisi tarafından haksız fiil sorumluluğunun asıl amacının önleme olarak kabul edilmesinin daha isabetli olacağı savunulmaktadır. Haksız fiil sorumluluğunun asıl amacının zararın telafisi mi yoksa zararın önlenmesi mi olduğu tartışması teorik öneminin yanı sıra pratikte beraberinde getirdiği sonuçlar nedeniyle de önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, haksız fiil hukukunun amacına öncelikle karşılaştırmalı hukuk perspektifinden bakılarak Kıta Avrupası hukukunda, Anglo-Amerikan hukukunda ve Avrupa Haksız Fiil Hukuku İlkeleri’nde tercih edilen yaklaşım açıklanmıştır. Ardından telafi görüşü, temelinde yatan düzeltici adalet teorisi çerçevesinde ayrıntılandırılarak; görüşe yöneltilen eleştiriler incelenmiştir. Daha sonra ise önleme görüşü, dayandığı hukuk ve ekonomi (law&economics) öğretisi çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve bu görüşe yöneltilen eleştiriler etraflıca işlenmiştir. Nihayet, çalışma bu iki görüş arasındaki en belirgin pratik sonuç olarak karşımıza çıkan cezalandırıcı tazminat kurumunun değerlendirilmesi ile sonuçlandırılmıştır.
TO ASSESS THE INTERACTION OF THE SPECIES OF PERENNIAL BLUEGRASS GRASS (Poaceae) WITH WHITE CLOVER (Trifolium repens L.) IN MIXED AGROPHYTOCENOSES IN THE CONTEXT OF SEED BIOLOGIZATION
Authors: Zolotarev Vladimir
Published: December 2020

Nitrogen consumption is one of the most important factors and necessary conditions for plant growth and development. The contribution from the biological fixation of N2 by legumes in grass mixtures can reduce or completely replace the need for industrial nitrogen fertilizers for perennial bluegrass grasses. When white clover is cultivated in grass mixtures, the net nitrogen gain to the ecosystem from the atmosphere during the growing season as a result of biological fixation can vary from 100 to 300 kg/ha or more. This is equivalent in effect to the application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on grass in doses from 150 to 350 kg/ha. Types and varieties of perennial grasses have different competitiveness and complementarity when they are jointly cultivated in mixed crops. The use of grasses to create less lying grass stands allows you to increase the collection of white clover seeds. When cultivating white clover in grass mixtures, there was a decrease in the biological yield of seeds compared to mono-crop by 15–38% due to a decrease in the number of generative shoots. However, seed losses during harvesting decreased by up to 9–23% depending on the type of accompanying cereal crop and the method of harvesting. They were minimal in mixed crops of clover with pasture ryegrass or reed fescue and accounted for 9–11% and 12–13% of the biological yield of seeds, respectively. The highest seed collections were obtained from grass stands of the second year of use without the use of nitrogen fertilizers from crops of pasture ryegrass, reed fescue and meadow fescue: 761, 402 and 373 kg/ha, respectively. Along with the types of cereal components, the nature of plant interaction in grass mixtures and their response to anthropogenic stresses also depend on the genotypes of white clover varieties. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of cultivating clover varieties mixed with reed fescue showed that the highest collection of legume seeds 188 kg/ha from grass stands of the first year of use was provided by the 'Lugovik' variety – 36–68% more than with grass mixtures of the cv. 'Volat' variety f. giganteum and cv. 'VIK 70' of the f. hollandicum variety.
DESIGNING SCHEMES FOR SEED PRODUCTION OF SPRING RAPE F1 HYBRIDS BASED ON CMS
Authors: Markelova Nina , Vlasova Albina , Cherepanov Vsevolod , Karpachev Vladimir
Published: December 2020

As the result of the research conducted in 2018–2020 at the All-Russian Rapeseed Research Institute, a scheme of primary seed farming of self-pollinated lines and F1 hybrids of spring rape has been developed, over 45 varieties have been created, including self-pollinated lines, simple interline and three-line hybrids. A comparative appraisal of spring rape inbred lines (female parents) and hybrids of the two most common systems of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) – Polima (LHS-1, LMS-1, LMS-2) and Ogura (LCS-4, LCS-5, LCS-6), was made. Yield traits distinctiveness in simple sterile hybrids of Polima and Ogura types was studied; it has been asserted that when compared to inbred maternal lines the traits predominate in hybrids, the indices are higher by 24.8% in the hybrids based on sterile Ogura cytoplasm and by 10.7% in the hybrids on sterile Polima cytoplasm. In our studies, self-pollinated lines, the maternal components of the hybrids, are inferior to the hybrids in terms of crude fat content in seeds, it is 6.5% lower than in the hybrid forms for the CMS Pol system and 17.3% lower for the forms of the CMS Ogu system. It was determined that the seed yield of CMS systems hybrids of Ogura type is on average 22.0% higher than the seed yield of Polima hybrids. The starting material for primary seed production of rapeseed hybrids based on CMS has been developed.
Blood morphological and biochemical parameters of broiler chickens by use of aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium under conditions of heat stress
Authors:   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Sevostyanova Olga I. , Orobets Vladimir A. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University, Sokolova Ekaterina A. , Kastarnova Elena S. ,   Stavropol State Agrarian University
Published: December 2020

Heat stress is still one of the main problemsin poultry breeding. Depression of the general condition, decreased productivity, worsened conversion parameters, decreased egg production are just some of the adverse effects of stress factors. As one of the ways to deal with heat stress, veterinary pharmacology creates different constructions of mono- and multivitamin complexes. These complexes are designed to reduce or completely neutralize the negative effects of stress. Despite the declared by the manufacturers balance of feed for poultry, the need for additional introduction of vitamin complexes into the diet is confirmed by hundreds of scientific studies and world practices. This article has the results of the study evaluating the impact of the developed aggregate-resistant vitamin-mineral complex based on selenium with a particle size of 20 to 60 nm on broiler chickens by Cobb-500 cross raised under heat stress. Like an analogue drug, was used Solvimin Selenium. It was found that anemia was recorded on the 21st day. The observed leukocytosis is an increase in the number of neutrophils and basophils in the peripheral blood. The biochemical composition of the blood of broiler chickens shows a pronounced stress effect on the body of birds of all experimental groups. All experimental groups had a decrease in total protein, albumin and urea with an increase in creatinine after 7 days from the start of the study. Changing the level of glucose in the blood serum allows us to conclude, that broilers in the control group have more stress tolerance. There are deviations not only in the control group, but also in the experimental groups. But, birds treated with vitamin-mineral complexes have the development of adaptive mechanisms, and a less pronounced negative effect of the temperature stress factor is noted.
Epidemiological and Bacteriological Investigations Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in a Recurrent Outbreak of Pullorum Disease on a Quail Farm in France
Authors: Le Bouquin Sophie , Bonifait Laetitia , Thépault Amandine , Ledein Thomas , Guillon François , Rouxel Sandra , Souillard Rozenn , Chemaly Marianne
Published: December 2020

An outbreak of pullorum disease causing septicemia and high mortality was diagnosed in 2019 on a quail farm in western France. An initial episode had been detected in another building at the same site eight months earlier. Given the exceptional nature and the extent of the potential economic consequences of pullorum disease, epidemiological and bacteriological investigations using molecular sequencing tools were carried out. Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Infantis were isolated (using the NF U 47-101 reference method) from samples taken from birds at the infected site. A resurgence of the initial episode by horizontal transmission of S. Gallinarum is the most likely hypothesis, supported by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the strains isolated during the two episodes. Risk health practices have been identified, including the rearing of animals of different ages and species on the same site. Recurrence is explained by the probable persistence of reservoirs of the pathogen on the site (manure, lesser mealworm beetles). The article also highlights the importance of decontamination measures, including pest control, as a key element in the success of the disease control protocol.
Life-Cycle Assessment of Biofortified Productions: The Case of Selenium Potato
Authors: Scuderi Alessandro , Cammarata Mariarita , Via Giovanni La , Pecorino Biagio , Timpanaro Giuseppe
Published: December 2020

The increasing micronutrient deficiency within the nutritional habits of the world’s population and the growing need for healthy foods have given rise to the development of biofortified crops. In a context where the consumer’s attention is focused on a healthy lifestyle and respect for the environment, the cultivation of potatoes enriched with selenium offers an undisputed advantage in the pursuit of this twofold objective. The crop has been analyzed through the life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in order to highlight the environmental burden generated by selenium (Se) potato cultivation and to compare it with potato in conventional regime. The LCA highlights how the biofortified product is more sustainable than the conventional one, and this not only provides a benefit for the consumer, but also designates a new time for farmers who have the opportunity to implement more environmentally friendly practices.
The KEAP1–NRF2 System as a Molecular Target of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Taguchi Keiko , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: December 2020

The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)—Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (encoded by the Nfe2l2 gene; NRF2) system attracts extensive interest from scientists in basic and clinical cancer research fields, as NRF2 exhibits activity as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor, depending on the context. Especially unique and malignant, NRF2-addicted cancers exhibit high levels of NRF2 expression. Somatic mutations identified in the NRF2 or KEAP1 genes of NRF2-addicted cancers cause the stabilization and accumulation of NRF2. NRF2-addicted cancers hijack the intrinsic roles that NRF2 plays in cytoprotection, including antioxidative and anti-electrophilic responses, as well as metabolic reprogramming, and acquire a marked advantage to survive under severe and limited microenvironments. Therefore, NRF2 inhibitors are expected to have therapeutic effects in patients with NRF2-addicted cancers. In contrast, NRF2 activation in host immune cells exerts significant suppression of cancer cell growth, indicating that NRF2 inducers also have the potential to be therapeutics for cancers. Thus, the KEAP1–NRF2 system makes a broad range of contributions to both cancer development and suppression. These observations thus demonstrate that both NRF2 inhibitors and inducers are useful for the treatment of cancers with high NRF2 activity.
Progress in Multimodal Treatment for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results of Multi-Institutional Trials Conducted in Japan
Authors: Koyanagi Kazuo , Kanamori Kohei , Ninomiya Yamato , Yatabe Kentaro , Higuchi Tadashi , Yamamoto Miho , Tajima Kohei , Ozawa Soji
Published: December 2020

In Japan, the therapeutic strategies adopted for esophageal carcinoma are based on the results of multi-institutional trials conducted by the Japan Esophageal Oncology Group (JEOG), a subgroup of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). Owing to the differences in the proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma among all patients with esophageal carcinoma, chemotherapeutic drugs available, and surgical procedures employed, the therapeutic strategies adopted in Asian countries, especially Japan, are often different from those in Western countries. The emphasis in respect of postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) shifted from postoperative radiotherapy in the 1980s to postoperative chemotherapy in the 1990s. In the 2000s, the optimal timing of administration of perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy returned from the postoperative adjuvant setting to the preoperative neoadjuvant setting. Recently, the JEOG commenced a three-arm randomized controlled trial of neoadjuvant therapies (cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil (CF) vs. CF + docetaxel (DCF) vs. CF + radiation therapy (41.4 Gy) (CRT)) for localized advanced ESCC, and patient recruitment has been completed. Salvage and conversion surgeries for ESCC have been developed in Japan, and the JEOG has conducted phase I/II trials to confirm the feasibility and safety of such aggressive surgeries. At present, the JEOG is conducting several trials for patients with resectable and unresectable ESCC, according to the tumor stage. Herein, we present a review of the JEOG trials conducted for advanced ESCC.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Refractory or Relapsed Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ando Koichi , Manabe Ryo , Kishino Yasunari , Kusumoto Sojiro , Yamaoka Toshimitsu , Tanaka Akihiko , Ohmori Tohru , Ohnishi Tsukasa , Sagara Hironori
Published: December 2020

The efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in refractory or relapsed advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not yet been compared with those of ramucirumab (Ram) plus docetaxel (Doc). Furthermore, comprehensive comparisons between ICIs have not been conducted to date. In the current study, a Bayesian network meta-analysis of related phase III clinical trials was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of Ram+Doc, Niv, Atz, and Doc treatments in patient groups lacking the PD-L1 constraint. Surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) revealed that the overall survival (OS) of patients treated with Niv was the highest, followed by Atz, Ram+Doc, and Doc. Regarding grades 3–5 treatment-related adverse events (G3–5AEs), the use of Niv was ranked the safest, followed by Atz, Doc, and Ram+Doc. Significant differences in OS were observed between Niv and Ram+Doc, while significant differences in G3–5AEs were observed between Ram+Doc and Niv or Atz. In the PD-L1 positive (≥1%) patient subgroup, Pem (10 mg/kg) ranked the highest in efficacy for OS, followed by Niv, Pem (2 mg/kg), Atz, and Doc. These findings may expectedly provide oncologists with useful insights into therapeutic selection for refractory or relapsed advanced NSCLC.
3D Culture Systems for Exploring Cancer Immunology
Authors: Fitzgerald Allison A. , Li Eric , Weiner Louis M.
Published: December 2020

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, spurring extensive investigation into cancer immunology and how to exploit this biology for therapeutic benefit. Current methods to investigate cancer-immune cell interactions and develop novel drug therapies rely on either two-dimensional (2D) culture systems or murine models. However, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems provide a potentially superior alternative model to both 2D and murine approaches. As opposed to 2D models, 3D models are more physiologically relevant and better replicate tumor complexities. Compared to murine models, 3D models are cheaper, faster, and can study the human immune system. In this review, we discuss the most common 3D culture systems—spheroids, organoids, and microfluidic chips—and detail how these systems have advanced our understanding of cancer immunology.
Impact of Radiotherapy on Kidney Function among Patients Who Received Adjuvant Treatment for Gastric Cancer: Logistic and Linear Regression Analyses
Authors: Park Jun Su , Yu Jeong Il , Lim Do Hoon , Nam Heerim , Kim Young Il , Lee Jeeyun , Kang Won Ki , Park Se Hoon , Kim Seung Tae , Hong Jung Yong , Sohn Tae Sung , Lee Jun Ho , An Ji Yeong , Choi Min Gew , Bae Jae Moon
Published: December 2020

We investigated the incidence of renal function impairment after adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer and analyzed the impact of radiotherapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) five years after gastric surgery. We reviewed the medical records of 1490 patients with stomach cancer who underwent curative surgery and adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer. Finally, we included 663 patients who were followed up for ≥5 years without disease recurrence and whose baseline eGFR was ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine independent factors associated with the five-year eGFR. A total of 13 (2.0%) patients developed renal function impairment (five-year eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). In logistic regression analysis, the baseline eGFR was identified as a prognostic factor for renal function impairment (odds ratio (OR), 0.878; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.831–0.927; p < 0.001), but radiotherapy was not (OR, 1.130; 95% CI, 0.366–3.491; p = 0.832). In linear regression analysis, age (B = −0.350, p < 0.001), baseline eGFR (B = 0.576, p < 0.001), cisplatin (B = −2.056, p = 0.010), and radiotherapy (B = −2.628, p < 0.001) were predictive variables for the five-year eGFR. Among patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy, age (B = −0.277, p < 0.001), hypertension (B = −4.986, p = 0.004), baseline eGFR (B = 0.665, p < 0.001), and volume of the kidneys receiving ≥20 Gy (B = −0.209, p = 0.012) were predictive variables for the five-year eGFR. Development of renal function impairment after adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer was rare among patients with normal baseline kidney function. While radiotherapy was negatively associated with the five-year eGFR, its impact would have been minimal if the kidneys were properly shielded. Further studies are needed to confirm the impact of radiotherapy in patients with poor kidney function.
Causal Intuition and Delayed-Choice Experiments
Authors: Heaney Michael B.
Published: December 2020

The conventional explanation of delayed-choice experiments appears to violate our causal intuition at the quantum level. I reanalyze these experiments using time-reversed and time-symmetric formulations of quantum mechanics. The time-reversed formulation does not give the same experimental predictions. The time-symmetric formulation gives the same experimental predictions but actually violates our causal intuition at the quantum level. I explore the reasons why our causal intuition may be wrong at the quantum level, suggest how conventional causation might be recovered in the classical limit, propose a quantum analog to the classical block universe viewpoint, and speculate on implications of the time-symmetric formulation for cosmological boundary conditions.