bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Zusammenhang zwischen onkologischen Therapien und wahrgenommener
Stigmatisierung bei Krebspatienten mit Brust-, Darm-, Lungen-und Prostatakrebs
– Ergebnisse einer registerbasierten Studie
Authors: Hornemann Beate , Haering Charis , Hentschel Leopold , Rentsch Anke , Taubenheim Sabine , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Esser Peter , Ernst Jochen
Published: April 2023

Hintergrund Untersuchungen zur Stigmatisierung von Krebspatienten zeigen
eine moderate bzw. hohe Relevanz wahrgenommener Stigmatisierung. Bislang gibt es
keine Studien, in denen Stigmatisierung explizit in Abhängigkeit von der
onkologischen Therapie betrachtet wird. Wir untersuchten in einer großen
Stichprobe die Rolle der onkologischen Therapie für die wahrgenommene
Stigmatisierung.

Methoden Im Rahmen einer registerbasierten bizentrischen Studie wurden
quantitative Daten von 770 Patienten (47,4% Frauen;
88%≥50 Jahre) mit Brust-, Darm-, Lungen- oder Prostatakrebs
ausgewertet. Die Stigmatisierung wurde mit der deutschen Version der Social
Impact Scale erhoben, das validierte Instrument umfasst neben einem Gesamtscore
vier Subskalen. Die Daten wurden mit dem t-Test sowie einer multiplen Regression
mit verschiedenen soziodemografischen und medizinischen Prädiktoren
analysiert.

Ergebnisse Von den 770 Krebspatienten erhielten 367 (47,7%) eine
Chemotherapie, ggf. in Kombination mit anderen Therapien (Operation,
Strahlentherapie). Bei allen Stigmatisierungsskalen zeigten sich signifikante
Mittelwertunterschiede (Effektstärken bis d=0,49) mit
höheren Werten für Patienten mit Chemotherapie. Die multiplen
Regressionsanalysen für die einzelnen Stigmatisierungsskalen
demonstrieren einen über alle fünf Modelle hinweg signifikanten
Einfluss der Variablen Alter (ß≤− 0,266) und
Depressivität (ß≤0,627) sowie (bei vier Modellen) der
Variable Chemotherapie (ß≤0,140) auf die wahrgenommene
Stigmatisierung. Strahlentherapie weist in allen Modellen nur einen schwachen
Einfluss auf und Operation hat keine Relevanz. Die erklärte Varianz
liegt zwischen R2=27% bis 46,5%.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Die Befunde unterstützen die
Annahme eines Zusammenhangs der onkologischen Therapie, insbesondere der
Chemotherapie, auf die wahrgenommene Stigmatisierung von Krebspatienten.
Wichtige Prädiktoren sind dabei Depressivität und
jüngeres Alter (< 50). Diese (vulnerablen)
Personengruppen sollten in der klinischen Praxis daher besondere Aufmerksamkeit
bzw. psychoonkologische Zuwendung erfahren. Weitere Forschungen zu Verlauf und
Wirkmechanismen der therapiebezogenen Stigmatisierung sind darüber
hinaus notwendig.
Newsletter 02/2023 des Forschungsnetzwerks der DGPM
Authors: Pecks Ulrich , Rüdiger Mario
Published: April 2023

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen, liebe Mitglieder der DGPM und ihres
Forschungsnetzwerks,
Beta-Blocker Use during Pregnancy Correlates with Less Aortic Root Dilatation in Patients with Marfan's Syndrome
Authors: Roberts Emma A. , Pistner Andrew , Osobamiro Oyinkansola , Banning Stephanie , Shalhub Sherene , Albright Catherine , Horovitz Ofir , Buber Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Background Pregnant patients with Marfan's syndrome (MFS) are at an increased risk for adverse aortic outcomes. While beta-blockers are used to slow aortic root dilatation in nonpregnant MFS patients, the benefit of such therapy in pregnant MFS patients remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of beta-blockers on aortic root dilatation during pregnancy in MFS patients.

Methods This was a longitudinal single-center retrospective cohort study of females with MFS who completed a pregnancy between 2004 and 2020. Clinical, fetal, and echocardiographic data were compared in patients on- versus off-beta-blockers during pregnancy.

Results A total of 20 pregnancies completed by 19 patients were evaluated. Beta-blocker therapy was initiated or continued in 13 (65%) of the 20 pregnancies. Pregnancies on-beta-blocker therapy experienced less aortic growth compared with those off-beta-blockers (0.10 [interquartile range, IQR: 0.10–0.20] vs. 0.30 cm [IQR: 0.25–0.35]; p = 0.03). Using univariate linear regression, maximum systolic blood pressures (SBP), increase in SBP, and absence of beta-blocker use in pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with greater increase in aortic diameter during pregnancy. There were no differences in rates of fetal growth restriction between pregnancies on- versus off-beta-blockers.

Conclusion This is the first study that we are aware of to evaluate changes in aortic dimensions in MFS pregnancies stratified by beta-blocker use. Beta-blocker therapy was found to be associated with less aortic root growth during pregnancy in MFS patients.
Synthesis of Ledipasvir through a Late-Stage Cyclopropanation and Fluorination Process
Authors: Sudhakar Gangarajula , Ramu Chennam , Kumaraguru T. , Reddy M. Sridhar , Rode Haridas B. , Ghosh Subhash , Reddy Ch. Raji
Published: April 2023

We have designed and developed an easily accessible advanced intermediate of ledipasvir that allowed late-stage cyclopropanation and difluorination, thereby providing a novel and more efficient process for the preparation of ledipasvir in the longest linear sequence of 8 steps with 20% overall yield.
Protest Event, Political Culture, and Biography: Post-protest Local Activism in Russia
Authors: Erpyleva Svetlana
Published: April 2023

A biographical approach in social science is usually applied to study the life courses of a particular group of people or to explain individual action and meaning-making through biographical determinants. This article aims to develop the biographical approach by showing how it can be used to explain changes in political culture resulting from protest events. Using the case of post-protest local activism in Russia as an example, it demonstrates that a focus on activists’ biographies allows researchers to better understand how the nationwide protest event of 2011–12 changed the political culture of local activism. By focusing on biography, researchers can discover a very important feature of a protest event: its ability to make possible the meeting of people with biographical trajectories that would ordinarily take them in different directions. Consequently, events create opportunities for bringing opposite meanings, skills, and schemes of action together, thereby, allowing a cultural change to emerge. The article suggests that the proposed explanatory model develops biographical sociology by giving biography more power, informs the sociology of event, social movement studies, and political culture theories.
How to really quantify the economic value of customer information in corporate databases
Authors: Lamela-Orcasitas Carlos , García-Madariaga Jesús
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel solution to evaluate the real impact of information and information technology (IT) in companies as fundamental tools to assess how valuable the company’s customers are. The focus is on the concept of information and knowledge as an asset with intrinsic economic value and a variable to consider in order to achieve effective customer management. It is dual research. On the one hand, it is an exploratory-conceptual type based on a review of the literature and, on the other hand, it is descriptive-quantitative through the application of an empirical case study. The proposed new customer relationship management (CRM) information value model (VICRM) offers significantly different results from other traditional models. Its main advantages include the possibility of carrying out new segmentations of customers and estimations of the company’s value. On the other hand, the model corrects some of the classic problems in customer evaluation models, such as their high dependence on the retention rate or being very regressive in the first years. The results of this research aim to serve any company whose business model is Business to Consumer (B2C) to calculate, in an effective way, the value of a large amount of information companies have about their customers.
A thermal framework for preliminary evaluation of the development of dye-sensitized solar cells in temperate and warm climates
Authors: Vera-Wilimek I. , Urquiza-Beltrán G. , Seuret-Jiménez D. , Montiel-González M.
Published: April 2023

Environmental conditions influence the development of solar cell technologies; variables such as solar irradiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature influence the operating temperature of the cells, which affect their electrical performance; however, this effect may differ according to the solar technology. In the case of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), it is necessary to generate more studies to evaluate their behavior in different types of climates under real conditions, as it is known that, in comparison with Silicon cells, DSSCs show a lower decrease in their efficiency values when are subjected to high operating temperatures. Nevertheless, temperature is cited as the most important external variable affecting the stability of DSSCs. Therefore, in this paper, a new thermal numerical model is proposed to obtain the operating temperature contours of the DSSCs under real environmental conditions for two types of climates representative of Mexico (temperate and warm climate). The operating temperatures have been investigated as a function of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speeds, and varying different electrolytes. It concludes that the efficiency gap between DSSCs and Silicon cells decreases as the operating temperature increases; moreover, an efficiency of 12.2% in DSSCs and 25.09% in Silicon cells were presented with 300 K of operating temperature, and an efficiency of 11.02% in DSSCs and 13.7% in Silicon cells were presented with 400 K of operating temperature. This concludes that DSSC technology might be an appropriate alternative for temperate and hot climates. DSSCs show a decrease in the efficiency of 9.76% compared to Silicon solar cells, which show a decrease in 50.1%.
Analysis of VMM computation strategies to implement BNN applications on RRAM arrays
Authors: Parmar Vivek , Kingra Sandeep Kaur , Negi Shubham , Suri Manan
Published: April 2023

The growing interest in edge-AI solutions and advances in the field of quantized neural networks have led to hardware efficient binary neural networks (BNNs). Extreme BNNs utilize only binary weights and activations, making them more memory efficient. Such networks can be realized using exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gates and popcount circuits. The analog in-memory realization of BNNs utilizing emerging non-volatile memory devices has been widely explored recently. However, most realizations typically use 2T-2R synapses, resulting in sub-optimal area utilization. In this study, we investigate alternate computation mapping strategies to realize BNN using selectorless resistive random access memory arrays. A new differential computation scheme that shows a comparable performance with the well-established XNOR computation strategy is proposed. Through extensive experimental characterization, BNN implementation using a non-filamentary bipolar oxide-based random access memory device-based crossbar is demonstrated for two datasets: (i) experimental characterization was performed on a thermal-image based Rock-Paper-Scissors dataset to analyze the impact of sneak-paths with real-hardware experiments. (ii) Large-scale BNN simulations on the Fashion-MNIST dataset with multi-level cell characteristics of non-filamentary devices are performed to demonstrate the impact of device non-idealities.
Metasurface cloaks for decoupling electromagnetic interference within highly dense areas
Authors: Lee Doojin
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of intensive investigations of electromagnetic interference caused primarily by closely arranged antennas within subwavelength distance; potential applications involve the principle of scattering cancellation. A cloaked planar monopole antenna (CPMA) is newly proposed in this work. The performance of the CPMA is compared with that of a bare planar monopole antenna. Numerical simulations with the two antenna types were conducted, and various configurations with the potential for practical applications in the industrial and defense sectors were tested.
Artificial synapse based on carbon quantum dots dispersed in indigo molecular layer for neuromorphic applications
Authors: Mishra Amrita Bharati , Thamankar R.
Published: April 2023

Conventional computers are limited in their performance due to the physical separation of the memory and processing units. To overcome this, parallel computation using artificial synapses has been thought of as a possible replacement in computing architecture. The development of nanoelectronic devices that can show synaptic functionalities is very important. Here, we report the robust synaptic functionalities of carbon quantum dots embedded in two terminal indigo-based organic synapses. The carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are prepared using an easy-to-do process from commercial jaggery. The CQDs have a size range between 3.5 and 4.5 nm with excellent light emission in the green region. CQD+indigo-based devices show extremely stable memory characteristics, with ON and OFF states differing by more than 10 Mohm. Devices show excellent long-term potentiation and long-term depression characteristics, with both synaptic weight updates following a double exponential behavior. The extent of nonlinearity is explained using the nonlinearity factor. The linear increase in memory is established with repeated learning and forgetting (or potentiation and depression) curves. This study gives a robust way to make an artificial synapse work efficiently at room temperature with excellent memory and synaptic behavior.
Toward ultraclean correlated metal CaVO3
Authors: Kuznetsova Tatiana , Müller Mahni , Fischer Saskia F. , Engel-Herbert Roman
Published: April 2023

We report the synthesis and electronic properties of the correlated metal CaVO3, grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. Films were grown on (100) LaAlO3 substrates at a temperature of 900 °C by supplying a flux of elemental Ca through a thermal effusion cell and metalorganic precursor, vanadium oxitriisopropoxide, as a source of vanadium. The presence of a self-regulated growth regime was revealed by the appearance of a specific surface reconstruction detected by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Films grown within the growth window were characterized by atomically flat surfaces. X-ray reciprocal space maps revealed that the films were coherently strained to the substrate and inherited its twinned microstructure. Despite the presence of twin walls, CaVO3 thin films, grown within the stoichiometric growth window, revealed very low electrical resistivities at low temperatures, with residual resistivity ratios exceeding 90, while films grown at either Ca- or V-excess show deteriorated transport properties, attributed to the presence of extrinsic defects arising from the non-stoichiometry present in these films.
Induced superconductivity in the two-dimensional topological insulator phase of cadmium arsenide
Authors: Rashidi Arman , Kealhofer Robert , Lygo Alexander C. , Huang Victor , Stemmer Susanne
Published: April 2023

Hybrid structures between conventional, s-wave superconductors, and two-dimensional topological insulators (2D TIs) are a promising route to topological superconductivity. Here, we investigate planar Josephson junctions fabricated from hybrid structures that use thin films of cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) as the 2D TI material. Measurements of superconducting interference patterns in a perpendicular magnetic field are used to extract information about the spatial distribution of the supercurrent. We show that the interference patterns are distinctly different in junctions with and without mesa-isolation. In mesa-defined junctions, the bulk of the 2D TI appears to be almost completely shunted by supercurrent flowing along the edges, whereas the supercurrent is much more uniform across the junction when the Cd3As2 film extends beyond the device. We discuss the possible origins of the observed behaviors.
3D beam-envelope approach for an asymmetric beam in a high intensity linac with a solenoid channel
Authors: Ebisawa Takashi , Takayama Ken
Published: April 2023

Presented here is a theory model based on the beam-envelope approach to determine the global behavior of a charged beam propagating through a high intensity linac with a solenoid channel, namely, the orbital evolution of the root-mean-square beam size in the transverse and longitudinal direction. The model is applied to the Gaussian particle distribution, where the motion of an individual particle is governed by linear focusing/defocusing forces in the solenoid channel and RF fields, except for space-charge forces. In this model, highly nonlinear effects that originated from space-charge forces disappear by averaging over the harmonic motions such as the betatron motion and phase motion in the moving direction and the Gaussian distribution. All particles making up a 3D Gaussian bunch obey the same linear equations of motion where all information of nonlinearity in the space-charge forces and the particle distribution are carried in. The theory is validated using Gaussian macro-particle simulation and one of the widely used photonic integrated circuit codes, TraceWin. As an example, the model is applied to the case of an international fusion materials irradiation facility superconducting linac with solenoid guiding and half wave RF acceleration. The results are compared with results obtained by this model and other two approaches.
Copper and iron metal resistant rhizospheric bacteria boost the plant growth and bacoside A content in Bacopa monnieri under stress conditions
Authors: Kushwaha Ramesh Kumar , Joshi Samyukta Madhav , Bajaj Renuka , Mastan Anthati , Kumar Vinay , Patel Himani , Jayashree S. , Chaudhary Satya Prakash
Published: April 2023

Bacteria that enhance plant growth and development and are found in the vicinity of roots are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Some beneficial bacteria help plant tolerance to many hazardous chemical elements. In this context, Cupriavidus basilensis, Novosphingobium humi, Bacillus zanthoxyli, Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus alvei, Ancylobacter aquaticus and Ralstonia syzygii metal-tolerant rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from rhizospheric soil associated with Bacopa monnieri. The beneficial effects of rhizospheric bacteria on B. monnieri plant physiology and biochemical responses were investigated under pot conditions at two levels (100 μM and 500 μM) of CuSO4 or FeCl3. N. humi, A. aquaticus and R. syzygii bacterial strains were associated with significantly increased height and biomass under normal and stress conditions. An assay for indole acetic acid in isolated rhizospheric bacteria found differential secretion except Bacillus zanthoxyli. Bacoside A is a major phytocompound in B. monnieri with medicinal value; maximum induction was observed in the R. syzygii treatment. High concentration of copper and iron salts negatively influenced height, biomass and photosynthetic pigments; however N. humi, A. aquaticus, Bacilllus sp. and R. syzygii beneficial bacterial helped plants under stress conditions. Moreover, a significant enhancement in chlorophyll a and b was noticed in C. basilensis, B. zanthoxyli, Bacilllus sp., P. alvei and R. syzygii treatments, without much influence on carotenoid levels. Therefore, the present study emphasises the importance of isolating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for use in bacopa plants exposed to metals such as copper and iron in soil.
Invasional meltdown-under? Toads facilitate cats by removing a naïve top predator
Authors: Doody J. Sean , Rhind David , McHenry Colin M. , Clulow Simon
Published: April 2023

Context Australia has been a battleground of invasive versus native species for ~200 years. Two of the most impactful invasive species to Australian animal communities are the toxic cane toad (Rhinella marina) and the predatory feral cat (Felis catus). Australia’s native fauna is evolutionarily naïve to both invaders because neither’s taxonomic group is native to the continent. Both invaders have had severe effects on Australian native animal communities including species extinctions, extirpations, and severe population declines, but until now their effects have generally been thought to be independent of one another. Aims We aimed to determine the impacts of invasive cane toads on monitor lizards and feral cats by estimating changes in relative abundance before and after the toad invasion. Methods We studied toad impacts at three sites in the Kimberley region of northern Australia. We used two methods for estimating relative abundance: camera traps and track station data. Data included greater than 4000 trap days and included 7 years over an 11-year period. Key results As expected, invading cane toads rapidly decimated populations of two species of monitor lizards (97–99% declines), including the top-order predatory Varanus panoptes. Unexpectedly, this loss was associated with a >10-fold mean increase in detection rates of cats by 5 years after the loss of V. panoptes, reflecting relative increases of 3.3–8.7 individual cats per site. Conclusions Although some unknown factor may have caused an increase in cats, their similar trophic position and niche to V. panoptes suggests that toads facilitated cats by effectively removing the lizards from the animal community. This interaction likely reflects one type of invasional meltdown, whereby a non-native species (cane toad) facilitated any aspect of another’s (feral cat) invasion (e.g. survival, reproduction, resource acquisition), but the latter has no detected influence on the former (+/0 interaction). Implications Because both invaders cause declines in animal populations and are difficult to control, the potentially synergistic tandem of cane toads and feral cats could have chronic, irreversible effects on animal communities.
Ditylenchus gigas Vovlas, Troccoli et al.
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: April 2023

A new distribution map is provided for Ditylenchus gigas Vovlas, Troccoli et al. Secernentea: Tylenchida: Anguinidae. Host: broad bean (
Vicia faba
).
Superconductivity Observed in Tantalum Polyhydride at High Pressure
Authors: He X. , Zhang C. L. , Li Z. W. , Zhang S. J. , Min B. S. , Zhang J. , Lu K. , Zhao J. F. , Shi L. C. , Peng Y. , Wang X. C. , Feng S. M. , Song J. , Wang L. H. , Prakapenka V. B. , Chariton S. , Liu H. Z. , Jin C. Q.
Published: April 2023

We report experimental discovery of tantalum polyhydride superconductor. It was synthesized under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions using diamond anvil cell combined with in situ high-pressure laser heating techniques. The superconductivity was investigated via resistance measurements at pressures. The highest superconducting transition temperature T
c was found to be ∼ 30 K at 197 GPa in the sample that was synthesized at the same pressure with ∼ 2000 K heating. The transitions are shifted to low temperature upon applying magnetic fields that support the superconductivity nature. The upper critical field at zero temperature μ
0
H
c2(0) of the superconducting phase is estimated to be ∼ 20 T that corresponds to Ginzburg–Landau coherent length ∼ 40 Å. Our results suggest that the superconductivity may arise from

I

4
¯

3
d

phase of TaH3. It is, for the first time to our best knowledge, experimental realization of superconducting hydrides for the VB group of transition metals.
General effective field theory of teleparallel gravity
Authors: Mylova Maria , Said Jackson Levi , Saridakis Emmanuel N
Published: April 2023

We construct the effective field theory (EFT) of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). Firstly, we present the necessary field redefinitions of the scalar field and the tetrads. Then we provide all the terms at next-to-leading-order, containing the torsion tensor and its derivatives, and derivatives of the scalar field, accompanied by generic scalar-field-dependent couplings, where all operators are suppressed by a scale Λ. Removing all redundant terms using the field redefinitions we result to the EFT of TEGR, which includes significantly more terms comparing to the EFT of general relativity (GR). Finally, we present an application in a cosmological framework. Interestingly enough, although GR and TEGR are completely equivalent at the level of classical equations, we find that their corresponding EFTs possess minor but non-zero differences. Hence, we do verify that at higher energies the excitation and the features of the extra degrees of freedom are slightly different in the two theories, thus making them theoretically distinguishable. Nevertheless, we mention that these differences are suppressed by the heavy mass scale Λ and thus it is not guaranteed that they could be measured in future experiments and observations.
Exact diagonalization for a 16-site spin-1/2 pyrochlore cluster
Authors: Wei C , Curnoe S H
Published: April 2023

We find exact solutions to the Hamiltonian of a 16-site spin-1/2 pyrochlore cluster with nearest neighbour exchange interactions. The methods of group theory (symmetry) are used to completely block-diagonalize the Hamiltonian, yielding precise details about symmetry of the eigenstates, in particular those components which are spin ice states, in order to evaluate the spin ice density at finite temperature. At low enough temperatures, a ‘perturbed’ spin ice phase, where the ‘2-in-2-out’ ice rule is largely obeyed, is clearly outlined within the four parameter space of the general model of exchange interactions. The quantum spin ice phase is expected to exist within these boundaries.
A new fault diagnosis method for wheelset-bearing system based on VME convergence tendency diagram
Authors: Li Cuixing , Liu Yongqiang , Liu Zechao , Liu Wenpeng
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the difficulty of accurate diagnosis of wheelset-bearing system composite faults, a multi-fault feature extraction method based on self-adaptive variational mode extraction (SAVME) was proposed. Variational mode extraction (VME) can extract a specific sub-signal from a multi-component signal. The key to the success of this algorithm is to determine appropriate initial parameters in advance, including initial center frequency (ICF) and penalty factor. To determine the key parameters of VME adaptively, the convergence characteristics of VME are analyzed deeply, and the VME convergence tendency diagram is proposed creatively according to the trend of the iterative curve of the center frequency of the desired mode. By analyzing the test signal with the VME convergence tendency diagram, the number of main latent sub-signals in the test signal and the ICF of each sub-signal corresponding to the VME can be determined efficiently. Then, according to the position of the ICF of each sub-signal in the frequency domain, the empirical formula of the penalty factor is used to quickly obtain the appropriate penalty factor. The proposed SAVME method not only improves the parameter selection adaptability of the traditional VME algorithm but also extends the VME algorithm to the field of multi-fault diagnosis. By analyzing the simulated signal and two experimental signals, the effectiveness of the SAVME algorithm is verified. Compared with the fast kurtogram method and the adaptive variational mode decomposition method, the proposed method is more accurate and superior in the multi-fault feature extraction of the wheelset-bearing system.
Bubble nucleation in a cold spin 1 gas
Authors: Billam Thomas P , Brown Kate , Moss Ian G
Published: April 2023

Cold atomic gases offer the prospect of simulating the physics of the very early Universe in the laboratory. In the condensate phase, the gas is described by a field theory with key features of high energy particle theory. This paper describes a three level system which undergoes a first order phase transition through the nucleation of bubbles. The theoretical investigation shows bubbles nucleating in two dimensions at non-zero temperature. There is good agreement between the bubble nucleation rates calculated from a stochastic projected Gross–Pitaevskii equation and from a non-perturbative instanton method. When an optical box trap is included in the simulations, the bubbles nucleate preferentially near the walls of the trap.
Intrinsic topological metal state in T-graphene
Authors: Yan Liang , Zhang Di , Wang Xu-Jin , Yan Jie-Yun
Published: April 2023

An intrinsic topological metal (TM) state is found in the T-graphene, a monolayer with both the time-reversal symmetry and the four-fold symmetry. The state distinguishes itself by the nontrivial electric polarization from the ordinary metals and features with two local edge states in the corresponding nanoribbons. The TM state is confirmed as a transition state bridging the ordinary metal state and the topological insulator state when the relative neighboring hoppings change in the lattice. The topological nature is further verified by checking the robustness of transport property against randomly-introduced strong disorders. The fact that the multiple topological states indexed by different parameters coexist in such a practical system shows a broad prospect in versatile topological transport devices.
Hybrid α-attractors, primordial black holes and gravitational wave backgrounds
Authors: Braglia Matteo , Linde Andrei , Kallosh Renata , Finelli Fabio
Published: April 2023

We investigate the two-stage inflation regime in the theory of hybrid cosmological
 α-attractors. The spectrum of inflationary perturbations is compatible with the latest
Planck/BICEP/Keck Array results, thanks to the attractor properties of the model. However, at
smaller scales, it may have a very high peak of controllable width and position, leading to a
copious production of primordial black holes (PBH) and generation of a stochastic background of
gravitational waves (SGWB).
Phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence of quantum emitters
Authors: Gao Yuanfei , Lai Jia-Min , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2023

Quantum emitters are widely used in quantum networks, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing due to their excellent optical properties. Compared with Stokes excitation, quantum emitters under anti-Stokes excitation exhibit better performance. In addition to laser cooling and nanoscale thermometry, anti-Stokes excitation can improve the coherence of single-photon sources for advanced quantum technologies. In this review, we follow the recent advances in phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence of quantum emitters and discuss the upconversion mechanisms, applications, and prospects for quantum emitters with anti-Stokes excitation.
Long wavelength interband cascade photodetector with type II InAs/GaSb superlattice absorber
Authors: Yan Shaolong , Huang Jianliang , Xue Ting , Zhang Yanhua , Ma Wenquan
Published: April 2023

We report on a long wavelength interband cascade photodetector with type II InAs/GaSb superlattice absorber. The device is a three-stage interband cascade structure. At 77 K, the 50% cutoff wavelength of the detector is 8.48 μm and the peak photoresponse wavelength is 7.78 μm. The peak responsivity is 0.93 A/W and the detectivity D* is 1.12 × 1011 cm·Hz0.5/W for 7.78 μm at –0.20 V. The detector can operate up to about 260 K. At 260 K, the 50% cutoff wavelength is 11.52 μm, the peak responsivity is 0.78 A/W and the D* is 5.02 × 108 cm·Hz0.5/W for the peak wavelength of 10.39 μm at –2.75 V. The dark current of the device is dominated by the diffusion current under both a small bias voltage of –0.2 V and a large one of –2.75 V for the temperature range of 120 to 260 K.
Application of nano-patterned InGaN fabricated by self-assembled Ni nano-masks in green InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Peng Ruoshi , Xu Shengrui , Fan Xiaomeng , Tao Hongchang , Su Huake , Gao Yuan , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue
Published: April 2023

The nano-patterned InGaN film was used in green InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structure, to relieve the unpleasantly existing mismatch between high indium content InGaN and GaN, as well as to enhance the light output. The different self-assembled nano-masks were formed on InGaN by annealing thin Ni layers of different thicknesses. Whereafter, the InGaN films were etched into nano-patterned films. Compared with the green MQWs structure grown on untreated InGaN film, which on nano-patterned InGaN had better luminous performance. Among them the MQWs performed best when 3 nm thick Ni film was used as mask, because that optimally balanced the effects of nano-patterned InGaN on the crystal quality and the light output.
A new DRIE cut-off material in SOG MEMS process
Authors: Si Chaowei , Fu Yingchun , Han Guowei , Zhao Yongmei , Ning Jin , Wei Zhenyu , Yang Fuhua
Published: April 2023

The silicon on glasses process is a common preparation method of micro-electro-mechanical system inertial devices, which can realize the processing of thick silicon structures. This paper proposes that indium tin oxides (ITO) film can serve as a deep silicon etching cut-off layer because ITO is less damaged under the attack of fluoride ions. ITO has good electrical conductivity and can absorb fluoride ions for silicon etching and reduce the reflection of fluoride ions, thus reducing the foot effect. The removal and release of ITO use an acidic solution, which does not damage the silicon structure. Therefore, the selection of the sacrificial layer has an excellent effect in maintaining the shape of the MEMS structure. This method is used in the preparation of MEMS accelerometers with a structure thickness of 100 μm and a feature size of 4 μm. The over-etching of the bottom of the silicon structure caused by the foot effect is negligible. The difference between the simulated value and the designed value of the device characteristic frequency is less than 5%. This indicates that ITO is an excellent deep silicon etch stopper material.
Moiré modulation of lattice strains in PdTe2 quantum Films
Authors: Cook Jacob , Halbertal Dorri , Lu Qiangsheng , Zhang Xiaoqian , Conner Clayton , Watson Geoff , Snyder Matthew , Pollard Mathew , Hor Yew San , Basov Dmitri N , Bian Guang
Published: April 2023

We report the epitaxial growth of PdTe2 ultrathin films on a topological insulator Bi2Se3. A prominent moiré pattern was observed in scanning tunneling microscope measurements. The moiré periodicity increases as film thickness decreases, indicating a lattice expansion of epitaxial PdTe2 thin films at lower thicknesses. In addition, our simulations based on a multilayer relaxation technique reveal uniaxial lattice strains at the edge of PdTe2 domains, and anisotropic strain distributions throughout the moiré supercell with a net change in lattice strain up to ∼2.9%. Our density functional theory calculations show that this strain effect leads to a narrowing of the band gap at Γ point near the Fermi level. Under a strain of ∼2.8%, the band gap at Γ closes completely. Further increasing the lattice strain makes the band gap reopen and the order of conduction band and valence bands inverted in energy. The experimental and theoretical results shed light on a method for constructing quantum grids of topological band structure under the modulation of moiré potentials.
Comparative environmental assessment of limestone calcined clay cements and typical blended cements
Authors: Martinez Daniela M , Horvath Arpad , Monteiro Paulo J M
Published: April 2023

Decarbonization of the cement and concrete industries is one of the top priorities on the path to a carbon-neutral economy. This article presents a novel model for evaluating the emissions from the production of metakaolin (MK) as a supplementary cementitious material used in ternary blended cements (e.g., 35% metakaolin, 15% limestone, and 50% portland cement) and an accompanying decisions-support tool (MKC-Tool). Applications with a case study in California showed 36%–39% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ternary blends with MK compared to portland cement. Compared to commercially available blended cements, the ternary blend showed the lowest global warming potential. All the cements containing fly ash showed higher GHG intensities than the ternary blend (16%–42% higher GHG emissions). The development of cements made with portland cement, metakaolin, and limestone at an industrial scale will have the potential to contribute 5%–50% to the global reduction of GHG emissions from the cement industry.
3D printing of high-precision and ferromagnetic functional devices
Authors: Huang Zhiyuan , Shao Guangbin , Zhou Dekai , Deng Xinghong , Qiao Jing , Li Longqiu
Published: April 2023

Highlights

A novel NdFeB-Fe3O4 magnetic photosensitive resin comprising 20 wt.% solid loading of magnetic particles is developed to fabricate high-precision and ferromagnetic functional devices via micro-continuous liquid interface production (μCLIP) process.

A penetration depth model is established to reveals the effect of particle size, solid loading, and absorbance on the curing characteristics of NdFeB-Fe3O4 magnetic photosensitive resin.

Optimized resin (NdFeB:Fe3O4 = 1:1) is able to print centimeter-size samples with a sub-40 μm fine feature, reduced by 87% compared to existing hard magnetic photosensitive resin.

Optimized resin (NdFeB:Fe3O4 = 1:1) exhibits significantly enhanced coercivity and remanence in comparison with existing soft magnetic photosensitive resins, showing by an increase of 24 times and 6 times, respectively.
Probe microscopy is all you need
*
Authors: Kalinin Sergei V , Vasudevan Rama , Liu Yongtao , Ghosh Ayana , Roccapriore Kevin , Ziatdinov Maxim
Published: April 2023

We pose that microscopy offers an ideal real-world experimental environment for the development and deployment of active Bayesian and reinforcement learning methods. Indeed, the tremendous progress achieved by machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence over the last decade has been largely achieved via the utilization of static data sets, from the paradigmatic MNIST to the bespoke corpora of text and image data used to train large models such as GPT3, DALL·E and others. However, it is now recognized that continuous, minute improvements to state-of-the-art do not necessarily translate to advances in real-world applications. We argue that a promising pathway for the development of ML methods is via the route of domain-specific deployable algorithms in areas such as electron and scanning probe microscopy and chemical imaging. This will benefit both fundamental physical studies and serve as a test bed for more complex autonomous systems such as robotics and manufacturing. Favorable environment characteristics of scanning and electron microscopy include low risk, extensive availability of domain-specific priors and rewards, relatively small effects of exogenous variables, and often the presence of both upstream first principles as well as downstream learnable physical models for both statics and dynamics. Recent developments in programmable interfaces, edge computing, and access to application programming interfaces (APIs) facilitating microscope control, all render the deployment of ML codes on operational microscopes straightforward. We discuss these considerations and hope that these arguments will lead to create novel set of development targets for the ML community by accelerating both real world ML applications and scientific progress.
Congruence Lattices of Ideals in Categories and (Partial) Semigroups
Authors: East James , Ruškuc Nik
Published: April 2023

This monograph presents a unified framework for determining the congruences on a number of monoids and categories of transformations, diagrams, matrices and braids, and on all their ideals. The key theoretical advances present an iterative process of stacking certain normal subgroup lattices on top of each other to successively build congruence lattices of a chain of ideals. This is applied to several specific categories of: transformations; order/orientation preserving/reversing transformations; partitions; planar/annular partitions; Brauer, Temperley–Lieb and Jones partitions; linear and projective linear transformations; and partial braids. Special considerations are needed for certain small ideals, and technically more intricate theoretical underpinnings for the linear and partial braid categories.
A Proof that Artificial Neural Networks Overcome the Curse of Dimensionality in the Numerical Approximation of Black–Scholes Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Hornung Fabian , Jentzen Arnulf , von Wurstemberger Philippe
Published: April 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have very successfully been used in numerical simulations for a series of computational problems ranging from image classification/image recognition, speech recognition, time series analysis, game intelligence, and computational advertising to numerical approximations of partial differential equations (PDEs). Such numerical simulations suggest that ANNs have the capacity to very efficiently approximate high-dimensional functions and, especially, indicate that ANNs seem to admit the fundamental power to overcome the curse of dimensionality when approximating the high-dimensional functions appearing in the above named computational problems. There are a series of rigorous mathematical approximation results for ANNs in the scientific literature. Some of them prove convergence without convergence rates and some of these mathematical results even rigorously establish convergence rates but there are only a few special cases where mathematical results can rigorously explain the empirical success of ANNs when approximating high-dimensional functions. The key contribution of this article is to disclose that ANNs can efficiently approximate high-dimensional functions in the case of numerical approximations of Black-Scholes PDEs. More precisely, this work reveals that the number of required parameters of an ANN to approximate the solution of the Black-Scholes PDE grows at most polynomially in both the reciprocal of the prescribed approximation accuracy

ε
>
0

\varepsilon > 0

and the PDE dimension

d
∈

N

d \in \mathbb {N}

. We thereby prove, for the first time, that ANNs do indeed overcome the curse of dimensionality in the numerical approximation of Black-Scholes PDEs.
Resilience as Part of Recovery: The Views of Those with Experiences of Psychosis, and Learning for British Mental Health Social Work Practice. A Scoping Review
Authors: Bark Harry
Published: April 2023

There is a significant diversity in approach to ‘resilience’ in the context of mental health recovery following experiences of psychosis, varying from clinically measurable outcomes to a personal trait within a recovery ‘journey’. Given the contested nature of resilience within mental health literature, this study aimed to complete a scoping review to synthesise understandings of resilience by individuals with experiences of psychosis. Drawing on the holistic and person-centred principles that underpin social work approaches to mental distress, these perspectives are considered in the statutory, policy and critical contexts of British social work, establishing learning for practice. A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies was completed, drawing on searches of five databases (Social Care Online, APA PsychInfo, Cinahl, Medline and Web of Science), identifying twelve relevant papers. A thematic analysis identified three overarching themes (personal, social and professional factors) and eight associated sub-themes (personal responsibility, use of experience, coping strategies, peer support, social relationships, contribution, relationships with professionals and structured support). The study identifies systemic and life-course approaches as empowering service user engagements with psychosis, recovery and resilience, suggesting that the social work profession is well placed to engage with resilience enhancement in the context of mental health recovery.
Bayesian network meta-analysis of head-to-head trials for complete resolution of nail psoriasis
Authors: Husein-ElAhmed Husein , Husein-ElAhmed Sara
Published: April 2023

Background

Almost 50% of patients with skin psoriasis have concomitant nail involvement. The comparative effectiveness of the available biologics for nail psoriasis (NP) is still an area of contention because of limited data on nails.

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of biologics in achieving complete resolution of NP.

Methods

We identified studies in PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus. The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trial (RCTs) or cohort studies for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis with at least two arms of active comparator of biologic reporting at least one efficacy outcome of interest: that is the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), the modified NAPSI or the Physician's Global Assessment of Fingernail Psoriasis with a score of 0.

Results

Fourteen studies comprising seven treatments met the inclusion criteria, and were included in the NMA. The NMA showed the odds of complete NP resolution were superior with ixekizumab [risk ratio (RR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–3.10] compared with the treatment of reference (adalimumab). Brodalumab (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.14–7.40), guselkumab (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.40–1.80), infliximab (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.19–4.60) and ustekinumab (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08–1.60) demonstrated worse therapeutic effect compared with adalimumab. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, ixekizumab 80 mg every 4 weeks had the highest probability of being the best treatment.

Conclusions

The interleukin-17A inhibitor ixekizumab has the highest rate of complete nail clearance and it can be considered the best-ranked therapy from the present evidence. This study is relevant to daily practice as it facilitates the decision when choosing between the wide variety of available biologics in patients for whom clearance of nail symptoms is the first concern.