bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Two‐Layer Conductivity Inversion of Multi‐Configuration Electromagnetic Induction Measurements
Authors: Mester Achim , van der Kruk Jan , Zimmermann Egon , Vereecken Harry
Published: November 2011

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements return an apparent electrical conductivity that represents a weighted average of the electrical conductivity distribution over a certain depth range. Different sensing depths are obtained for different orientations, different coil offsets, and different frequencies, which, in principle, can be used for a multi‐layer inversion. However, instrumental shifts, which often occur in EMI data, prevent the use of quantitative multi‐layer inversion. Recently, a new calibration method was developed that uses electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) inversion results and returns quantitative apparent conductivity values. Here, we introduce an inversion scheme that uses calibrated EMI data and inverts for a two‐layer earth. The inversion minimizes the misfit between the measured and modeled magnetic field by a combined global and local search and does not use any smoothing parameter. Application of this new scheme to synthetic data demonstrates its efficacy in providing the required physical property information. Inversion of calibrated experimental EMI data using horizontal coplanar (HCP) and vertical coplanar (VCP) loop configurations, coil offsets of 1 and 1.22 m, and frequencies of 8 and 15 kHz provides lateral and vertical conductivity variations very similar to those observed in an elaborate ERT experiment. The inversion is verified using synthetic EMI data calculated from ERT data. Inverting quantitative EMI data using this two‐layer inversion enables the quantitative mapping of lateral and vertical electrical conductivity variations over large areas.
Age at first conception of high yielding cows
Authors: Novakovic Z. , Sretenovic Lj. , Aleksic S. , Petrovic M.M. , Pantelic V. , Ostojic-Andric D.
Published: November 2011

Black and White low land dairy cattle have very pronounced ability for high
production of milk. Fertility is the major trait of cattle and key factor in
successful milk production. Fertility traits have pronounced variability and
low heritability value. Fertility is regularly limiting factor in attempts to
increase the milk yield. Age of dairy cattle at first conception is one of
the major reproduction properties. Age of calves at first calving depends
mainly on age at first conception. Previous researches have indicated what
would be the optimum age at first conception of Black and White heifers. Age
at first conception is determined by the date of birth and date of first
conception. Knowledge of the strength of the environment factors on age at
first conception in high yielding cows is important from the aspect of their
inclusion into the model. According to the significance of individual
systematic factors, their objective assessment was carried out for the
purpose of accurate evaluation of obtained results. Objective of this paper
is to study the age at first conception of high yielding Black and white cows
through major systematic influences, by applying adequate methodology. Cows
comprising the studied sample (n=331) belong to European type of Black and
White dairy cattle in final stage of improving of this breed with
Holstein-Friesian breed. Average age of dairy cattle at first conception was
491.19?9.36 days or 16.15?0.31 months. According to cows? the values were
following: 479.31 days (> 73% HF), 486.12 days (58-73%HF) and 508.14 days (<
58% HF).
Changes in the chemical composition of Musculus quadriceps femoris of beef kept at different temperatures
Authors: Kuzelov A. , Taskov N. , Angelkova T. , Atanasova E. , Mladenov M.
Published: November 2011

The study contains the result from the test f the vacuum - packed meat
sliices ( M.quadriceps femoris) obtained from ox Simmental breed. After the
primary treatment, the refrigeration an the sorting out , the meat slices
were vacuum -packed and kept and a temperature of 4?C and 6?C. At the 2nd,
the 3rd and the 5th day, a chemical analysis of the meat slices was made. At
the 2nd and the 5th day it was made a microbiological test of the meat slices
in relation to the overall number of bacteria, as well as a sensor analysis
in terms of outward appearance, consistence, color, odor and taste. It was
noted that, during the storage the water content in the meat slices
significantly reduced, and the fat, protein and mineral substance content was
increased. The overall number of bacteria was increased in the meat slices
kept at a temperature of 6?C. The best sensor marks were given to the meat
slices kept at a temperature of 4?C.
Researches regarding quality of sheep skins obtained from Karakul from Botosani sheep
Authors: Pascal C.
Published: November 2011

Studies were designed to highlight the quality of sheep skins obtained from
the new formed race. The biological material examined was owned by private
farms in the North-East of Romania. To emphasize the aesthetic and commercial
value of sheep skin were analyzed more properties on which depends this
production quality, and working methods used were those accepted in Karakul
sheep selection in Romania. Researches were based on the collection,
processing and interpretation of data obtained as a result of buckling
quality assessment at the Karakul lambs, black variety, produced in 2009
calving season. All traits were assessed in daylight and after investigations
it was found that from the total of 986 lambs were subjected to assessments
about 98.27% was a black color associated with a high gloss. Also, to the
estimated group, the size of loops can be seen in an advanced stage of
improvement, because about 90% of sheep produce sheep skins with loops of
size and appearance was in full compliance with quality requirements for all
types of loops in black variety. The results reached confirms that sheep
skins, overall, has some qualitative features of buckling expressed at a
higher level. This fact is primarily due to rigorous selection of sires and
directing mating. All these actions, conducted at a sustained level, had a
direct influence on the quality of biological material retained for breeding
and they had facilitated growth of aesthetic and commercial value of sheep
skins on next generations.
Effect of body weight of goats and lactation order on the growth rate of kids in the suckling period
Authors: Zujovic M. , Memisi N. , Bogdanovic V. , Tomic Z. , Maksimovic N. , Bijelic Z. , Marinkov G.
Published: November 2011

The paper presents results of investigation of milk yield by lactation, by
order, and mother's body weight on growth rate of kids of the domestic Balkan
goat. Daily weight gains of 376 single kids (168 male and 208 female), in
three monthly intervals, and their final body weight at 90 days of age were
established. Variability of analyzed traits was presented using descriptive
statistics parameters, and differences of growth traits for weight gain of
kids resulting from the effect of milk yield of female goats by order of
lactation were investigated by single analysis of variance. The effect of
independent variables, mothers' milk yield and body weight, on body weight of
kids was tested using multiple regression analysis. During the entire
suckling period, established average values for kids body weight differed
significantly (P<0.001), increasing from the 1st toward later lactations. At
90 days of age the lowest values were established in kids from the youngest
mothers (11.86 kg), while for kids of mothers in the fourth or later
lactations these values were higher (13.93 kg). Coefficients of determination
indicate that the variability percentage for individual growth traits of kids
was in the 0.08 - 0.17 interval, indicating its significance. Both "b"
coefficients (b1 and b2) are positive and statistically highly significant,
except for coefficient b2 in the analysis of body weight of kids at birth.
The positive sign and high statistical significance indicate a pronounced
effect of mother's milk yield and body weight on the body weight of kids up
to 90 days of age.
The possibilities of intensive field crop production on the Pseudogley type of soil using the complex amelioration measures
Authors: Pivic R. , Stanojkovic A. , Josic D. , Maksimovic J.
Published: November 2011

In Republic of Serbia the pseudogley type of soil outspreads on approximately
443.000 ha or 4,7 % of the total area. At the area of West and North-West
Serbia this type of soil outspreads on approximately 360.000 ha or 20% of the
total area. The main characteristics of Pseudogley are unfavorable chemical
properties, heavy mechanical composition, compaction and low hydraulic
conductivity, which result in an unregulated water-air regime. An
ameliorative action that could regulate unfavorable water regime of these
soil types is the implementation of the horizontal pipe drainage. On
experimental drainage field Varna near Sabac, owned by Institute of Soil
Science, on the pseudogley type of soil, it was established an experiment in
order to follow the effect of different spaces of the horizontal pipe
drainage on increase of the yields of main crops (wheat and maize) in
relation to the undrained areas. The processing of data of the realized
yields in the period 2004-2009 shows that on the plots on which the pipe
drainage was implemented, compared to the undrained areas, the yield of wheat
increased 8-60%, while the yield maize increased 6-43%. Regarding the areas
at which this type of soil outspreads, by implementation of the complex
amelioration measures this potentially productive soil would enable
economically profitable agricultural production, especially crops for animal
food. This will increase the opportunity for intensifying animal production.
Morphological composition and rate of growth of the sward from birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) treated with organic fertilizer alfalfa blend
Authors: Chourkova B.
Published: November 2011

The study was conducted during the 2007-2009 period in the experimental field
of IMSA-Troyan. The aim was to determine the influence of the organic product
alfalfa blend on the rate of growth of the sward from the birdsfoot trefoil.
The organic preparation alfalfa blend was tested on a candidate variety of
birdsfoot trefoil with the following factors and fertilizing rates: Factor A
- dates of harvesting: ?1 - budding stage, ?2 - early flowering stage, Factor
? - rates of fertilizing with leaf fertilizers: ?0 - no fertilizing, ?1 -
leaf fertilizing at the dose of 1 l/ha, ?2 - leaf fertilizing at the dose of
2 l/ha, ?3 - leaf fertilizing at the dose of 3 l/ha. The birdsfoot trefoil
treatment with an organic fertilizer as a cultivar factor exerted an effect
on the height and morphological composition of the sward. As in the three
years of study and on average over a significant influence on plant height
was the stage of harvest than the dose of organic fertilizer. In flowering
stage and during the three experimental years and three doses of the plants
are higher than those harvested in the phase budding treated with the same
doses. The strong positive correlation established between the height and the
leaves (r = 0.5734) and low positive correlation between the leaves and the
generative organs (r = 0.3370); between dry mass yield and the height (r =
0.2740) and the stems.
Paratuberculosis in cattle: The outspread, diagnostics and control
Authors: Vidic B. , Savic S. , Prica N.
Published: November 2011

Paratuberculosis is chronic incurable granulomatose enteritis, caused by
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The disease can be found
in cattle, sheep and goats and it can appear among all age groups. The
disease spreads slowly, the condition can vary, but it always ends with
severe dehydration, weight loss and complete exhaustion of the animal.
Diagnosis of paratuberculosis is established by direct detection of causative
agent using selective media or by detection of agents? genome using the PCR
method. Indirect methods are based on the detection of specific antibodies in
blood sera or milk, or on the measuring of cellular immunity. The detection
of antibodies using ELISA method is considered the method of choice for the
diagnosis of paratuberculosis, because of the rapidity of the test and
relatively low expenses. The first serological analysis on the presence of
paratuberculosis in cattle was carried out 20 years ago in the region of AP
Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). Blood sera taken from cattle originating from
12 farms were examined. The AGID (agar gel immunodiffusion) test revealed
positive results in 13 cows coming from four farms, which makes 1.5% from the
total number of cows. Furthermore, CF (complement fixation test) method
revealed 35 positive cows, which makes 4.1% out of the total number of cows.
In 1991, similar analysis applying ELISA test revealed 29 positive cows, i.e.
2.9% of positive cattle, which reflects a favourable epizootiological
situation in the region. Lack of well-established laboratory tests, long
periods of incubation and small number of clinical cases impede appropriate
control of paratuberculosis. Control programs are based on reduction of
transmission of the agent to host animals, elimination of infected animals,
hygiene-sanitary measures and vaccination. The efficacy of the recommended
programs would directly depend on elimination of infected animals. Despite
the continuous research and numerous studies, the problem of detecting the
infection caused by MAP is still present. This fact, together with the
complex procedure of laboratory diagnostic, has caused a permanent spreading
of the infection in cattle herds, while measures taken so far for the control
of paratuberculosis have not been efficient enough.
Use of the direct and cultivation methods in the bacteriological examination of water in water supply system
Authors: Ciric S. , Ilic Z. , Milosevic B. , Spasic Z. , Stojkovic J.
Published: November 2011

Bacterial abundance in the water used for drinking by humans and animals is a
parameter that is closely linked to their health. Therefore, application of a
method of detection of bacterial count which will indicate the real status of
this parameter, as authentically as possible, is necessary. The bacterial
load of water in certain stages of water supply using direct and cultivation
methods was investigated. In the cultivation method, the water samples were
inoculated on PCA and on R2A medium, and incubated for 7 days at 37 ?C and at
room temperature. Direct method included filtration of samples stained with
acridine orange and counting of bacteria on the filters under the
epifluorescence microscope. Cultivation and direct methods showed the lowest
bacterial count in the tank of Bagdala II, 0 cfu/ml and 611 bacteria/ml,
respectively, and maximum abundance in raw water, 157 cfu/ml and 1,378,698
bacteria/ml, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that significantly
higher count of bacteria was recorded on R2A medium compared to PCA, and at
room temperature than at 37 ?C. By index TBC/AMB, the native raw water was
classified as more polluted water when applying the results obtained at room
temperature compared to the results obtained at 37 ?C. The most realistic
bacteriological status of all water types was obtained using the direct
method of quantification of bacteria. However, for routine monitoring of
water in water supply system, as well as for the examination of bacterial
regrowth in the distribution network, it is the best to apply the cultivation
method which involves inoculation of samples on R2A medium and incubation at
room temperature.
Status of milk production sector in Montenegro
Authors: Markovic B. , Markovic M. , Rmus L.
Published: November 2011

Quantitative and qualitative parameters of the milk production sector in
Montenegro, addressing both production and processing have been evaluated. In
Montenegro, livestock production is focused on cattle, sheep and goats and to
lower extent pig and poultry. Montenegro dairy sector characterized by
small-scale farming. Milk production based on about 26270 farms with average
herd size of 2.9 cows and milk yield 2700 kg/cow has a very different
structure to that in the EU-27. The small-scale structure of Montenegrin milk
production results in the sector operating with a number of inefficiencies at
the production level. Regarding processing diary industry there have been the
positive changes: new dairies were established, collection area is enlarged,
range of products is also widened. Maybe the most promising change is cheese
production and its presence in many markets. Total self-sufficiency rate of
milk and dairy products is at a level of about 60%. The remaining needs are
imported, which is around 30 million euros. In order to strengthen production
and market position of domestic dairy products and to further develop dairy
sector, as very specific and sensitive one, the efforts should be focused on
remove weak points and to make stronger the whole value chain. In addition to
the domestic support schemes, pre-accession EU support (IPARD) should target
investments in primary production of milk and processing sector.
Forewing differentiation of the honey bees from Serbia
Authors: Nedic N. , Jevtic G. , Jez G. , Andjelkovic B. , Milosavljevic S. , Kostic M.
Published: November 2011

In this study, 12 morphological characteristics were measured on worker bee
samples collected from seven different locations covering the territory of
Republic Serbia. The measurement of 11 angles on the front wing and cubital
index was done with stereo microscope Leica XTL-3400D, and software package
IL 1009 in accordance with the standard method. The results showed
significant differences between the groups of bees and investigation of
angles on the forewing could be contributed to a clearer separation of groups
of bees inside domestic population.
Present status, possibilities and perspective of development of goat production in Republic of Serbia
Authors: Zujovic M. , Memisi N. , Ivanovic S.
Published: November 2011

The paper analyzes the state of goat production in the Republic of Serbia,
with special emphasis on the general overview of conditions and problems that
accompany this branch of animal husbandry with the proposed solutions and
recommendations with the aim of increasing the productive capacity of the
existing breeds of goats. Goat Serbia is characterized by a negative state,
especially strong negative trend over the number of goats. Production of goat
milk and meat past few years has stagnated at very low levels. As a small
producer of these foods, our country can not meet the needs of its population
in them, nor to any one market may not emerge as a serious bidder. For these
reasons, imposes itself as a priority in the agricultural policy of our
country, the constant application and approval of new incentives in the goat
in order to create as many commodity producers of milk and meat, especially
of kid meat intended for export. Serbia goat development opportunities exist
and are available through the agricultural areas, where special emphasis
should be placed on individual farms, their size, and to deal with the goat
as the primary production in the highlands, and in some areas and the plains,
where land and soil suitable for meadows and pastures. However, evaluation of
the potential and benefits is very low, and the prosperity of goats farms not
possible without a transformation of the wider economic and social
environment.
Opportunities and challenges for sustainable sheep production in Serbia
Authors: Petrovic M.P. , Petrovic M.M. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Caro-Petrovic V. , Maksimovic N. , Ilic Z. , Vuckovic S.
Published: November 2011

This paper analyzes the present state of sheep farming in Serbia and provide
guidance for sustainable development in the future. It also discusses the
challenges of the modern age that may affect the viability of sheep
production. Today in Serbia grows less than 1.5 million sheep. In terms of
breed structures, most of the population makes indigenous Pramenka sheep
(80%), while the remaining 20% are: Tsigai, Merinolandschaf, Ile de France,
Pirot improved, Mis sheep, and other less important population, as well as
the crossbreed with foreign and local domestic sheep. However, due to the
intense process of industrialization, from the second half of the twentieth
century until today there is a trend of depopulation, demographic discharge
of the village, which has resulted in reducing the farms so that the number
of sheep in the past two decades fell by about 30%. The greatest reduction in
the number of sheep registered in the nineties. After stabilization, a large
decrease in the number of sheep was followed by the 2010th year and by 6%
compared to 2008 year. Genetical improvement is significantly increased level
of production of all species of domestic animals. However, animals selected
for high and efficient production are exposed to greater risk. This primarily
refers to the physiological and immunological problems, but would generally
be said that all this leads to distortion of harmony between the organism and
the environment and the repercussions on the molecular level. Sustainable
development of sheep breeding in Serbia must be kept in mind this reality.
New challenges facing the sheep breeding of Serbia, stems from a political
orientation toward membership in the European Union. Sheep Serbia must find
its place in this new challenge.
Adequate calcium nutrition and quality of egg shell and bones in layers: Innovative approach
Authors: Lukic M. , Pavlovski Z. , Skrbic Z.
Published: November 2011

Calcium metabolism (Ca) in layers depends on many factors which can be
divided into factors influencing the intake, absorption, retention and/or
excretion of Ca. Varying of any of above mentioned factors presented and
reviewed in this study, exhibit their impact on quality of bones in layers
and egg shell quality. For the purpose of maintaining of the egg quality and
quality of layer hens? bones, the influence of mentioned factors on
production should be taken into consideration in the practice, and on that
basis not only the proper diet Ca level determined, but also adequate source
and size of Ca particles, as well as mutual balance with other nutrients in
the diet, primarily phosphorus, vitamin D and some micro elements. Recent
studies have the direction of finding the more complex approach to solving of
the issues of egg shell quality, also bone quality and ensuring adequate
nutrition for modern layer hybrids.
Present situation, capacities and prospects of development of poultry production in Serbia
Authors: Milosevic N. , Pavlovski Z. , Peric L.
Published: November 2011

The paper gives review of the present situation, capacities and prospects of
poultry production in Republic of Serbia. It was concluded that poultry
production in the period 1990-2000 was mainly in stagnation. From maximum
production of meat of 13,2 kg per capita in 1989, it dropped to under 6 kg in
1994, and production of eggs, from 230 eggs per capita in 1989 to 109 eggs in
1995. Also, reasons are stated for such poor condition, introduction of
economic sanctions, transition processes and decline in the standard of
living of the population. Beginning of the recovery of poultry production
starts in 2000, when conditions and situation in Serbia changed: the
ownership transformation of companies was carried out, sanctions were lifted
and inflow of foreign credits to our country began. Recovery is very slow and
predictions are that this branch of economy will be fully recovered and
revitalized in 2020, when it will be sufficiently efficient to be competitive
on markets of EU developed countries. Expectations are realistic provided
that objective and subjective difficulties are overcome, because natural
resources for development of poultry breeding exist, to provide enough
products for domestic population, but also for export and especially of
products deriving from alternative production systems.
Influence of cycle stimulation in weaned sows on fertility depend on season
Authors: Wähner M. , Richter M.
Published: November 2011

In summer high temperatures are stress for sows mostly. This situation often
affects the reproduction physiology in animals strongly. As a result of that
the fertility and reproduction performance of sows can be reduced. High
environmental temperatures and especially heat accumulation in body of the
animals affect the metabolism in high performance sows. That is important in
very sensitive phases in reproduction cycle of sows like heat, pregnancy and
lactation. Young sows (gilts and primiparous sows) are more sensitive than
older sows. This situation demands zoo- and biotechnical activities expecting
assistance for reproduction endocrinology in sows. Regarding this aim, the
stimulation of cycle with eCG in weaned sows with different age was
investigated. Following results were found: The effect of cycle stimulation
with 800 IU eCG in weaned sows differ depend on age of sows, season and
temperature. Cycle stimulation with eCG in summer (July, August, September)
reduces risk of low fertility in sows. In other seasons the positive effect
of biotechnical cycle stimulation is not clear generally. Especially in
primiparous sows there is a positive effect of biotechnical treatment in
summer. In older sows in 3rd to 5th litter the cycle stimulation has no
significant positive effect on fertility. In sows with more than 5 litters
cycle stimulations are necessary to save a high reproduction performance
generally.
Prebiotics in nutrition of sows and piglets
Authors: Zivkovic B. , Migdal W. , Radovic C.
Published: November 2011

The effects of prebiotic Bio Mos (0.2%) used in nutrition of gestating and
sows in lactation, as well as Bio Mos (0.5%) and fructooligosaccharides
(0.4%) used in nutrition of suckling piglets were investigated. Obtained
results showed that the introduction of additives in mixtures influenced:
greater food intake of sows in lactation by 13.75 %, by 14.7% more born
piglets and by 3.6% heavier piglets at birth, greater litter weight by 3.1 %
at weaning and better intake of pre-starter by 6.7% per litter during
lactation. In general, obtained results showed that the use of investigated
prebiotic Bio Mos and fructooligosaccharides are recommended for use in
nutrition of sows and suckling piglets.
The effect of byproducts from the corn grain processing on the postprandial dynamics of rumen pH
Authors: Dragomir C. , Toma S. , Levic J.
Published: November 2011

The effects of two fiber-rich byproducts of the corn grain processing on the
postprandial dynamics of rumen pH were studied on three rumen cannulated
non-lactating cows, within a 3x3 Latin square experimental design. The two
byproducts, dried corn gluten feed (dCGF) and dried corn distillers grains
(dCDG) replaced corn grains (C) in high concentrate diets, which suddenly
replaced a standard diet (designed to ensure appropriate rumen activity) and
were feed once a day. Rumen content was sampled every two hours, two days
after the diet changes, during first 14 postprandial hours and pH was
measured immediately. Average, pHmin and pHmax as well as duration and
intensity of pH decrease were calculated for each series of pH measurements.
Diets containing dCGF and dCDG led to higher average pH comparing to the
corn-based diet: 6.26 ? 0.03 and 6.12 ? 0.12 versus 6.02 ? 0.2, respectively
(P<0.05). Differences were more marked when duration and intensity of pH
decrease were considered: corn diet led to a pH decrease below 6.0 of
8.02?2.58 hours, whereas for dCDG and dCGF diets the decreases were of
6.71?3.59 and 3.02?2.17 hours only. Relative differences were even higher
when a lower pH threshold (5.8) was considered: observed values were
5.33?4.02, 3.14?3.64 and 0.83?1.24 for C, dCDG and dCGF diets, respectively.
Of the two by-products, dCGF was more efficient against pH decrease after the
sudden change from a low concentrate to a high concentrate diets. It is
concluded that both by-products are feasible solutions to help limiting the
pH decrease while allowing formulation of high energy and highly digestible
diets for ruminants.
Effect of betaine and air ammonia concentration on broiler performance, plasma corticosterone level, lymphoid organ weights and some haematological indices
Authors: Gudev D. , Popova-Ralcheva S. , Ianchev I. , Moneva P.
Published: November 2011

This study was initiated to examine the effect of betaine supplementation
(1g/kg) on hematocrit level, erythrocyte and leukocyte number,
heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, plasma corticosterone, rectal temperature,
relative lymphoid organ weights and average daily gain in broiler chickens
reared in a poultry house under natural ambient conditions and high air
ammonia level. A total of 100 broiler chickens at the age of 45 d were
allocated into 2 groups: control and betaine supplemented. The broilers were
kept on deep litter in windowless poultry house. The results of this study
indicated no significant changes in terms of hematocrit, erythrocyte number,
leukocyte number, lymphoid organ weights and average daily gain.Betaine
supplemented broilers had lower heterophil/lymphocytes ratio at d8 (P<0.05)
relative to control broilers inspite of the similar values of plasma
corticosterone between the groups. Plasma corticosterone concentration in
betaine supplemented broilers increased (P<0.05) at d 15, relative to d8. The
observed increase in plasma corticosterone was not accompanied by increase in
heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. These results are interpreted to suggest that
the decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in experimental broilers was due to
the modulatory effects of ammonia on NO synthesis rather than to the
modulatory effect of corticosterone.
Efficiency of various feed additives on the performance of broilers treated with T-2 toxin
Authors: Nesic K. , Resanovic R. , Jakic-Dimic D. , Nesic V.
Published: November 2011

Experiment was conducted on 160 one-day-old broiler chicks "Ross"
proveniention during 21 day. This research was done with the aim to
investigate performances of broilers exposed to the relatively small amount
of T-2 toxin (2 mg/kg) and the possibility of prevention and/or alleviating
its adverse effects by using various feed additives. Results showed negative
consequences of T-2 toxin on body weight, weight gain, feed: gain ratio. All
used feed additives in the concentration of 0.2% in feed: inorganic
(Minazel-plus, Mz) and organic (Mycosorb, Ms) adsorbents, as well as mixed
adsorbent (Mycofix-plus, Mf) mostly alleviated negative effects of T-2 toxin.
The effect of a macrolid antibiotic on the control of mycoplasmas and production efficiency in broilers
Authors: Mavromati J. , Mavromati E. , Gjeta Z.
Published: November 2011

Various antibiotics are used in Albania for controlling of Mycoplasmas. The
main groups of antibiotics with broad spectrum are the tetracycline group
(Oxitetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Doxicycline), kinolone group
(Enrofloxacine, Norfloxacine, Flumequine) and macrolide group (Tylosine,
Erithromycine and Rovomycine). Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic which has
not been used in Albania before. Tilmicosin is not being used in human
medicine and it acts very well against Mycoplasmas with good results in the
performance of birds. Considering that Tilmicosin is a specific antibiotic
against some bacteria, particularly against Mycoplasmas, its use presents a
great treatment possibility and it?s the right time to introduce it also in
Albania. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Tilmicosin
use on mycoplasmas control in broilers and the impact on the production
efficiency. Both, control and experimental flock were Mg and Ms positive
(ELISA?s test and Cultural control). The experimental results showed that the
flock treated with Tilmicosin had a better control on mycoplasmas and better
technical and economical results than the control flock. The antibiotic use
resulted in a lower mortality rate in broilers compared to the untreated
ones. Based on the results of the study some practical recommendations on the
use of antibiotic Tilmicosin are also given.
Impact of live weight on the quality of pigs halves and meat of the large white breed
Authors: Kuzelov A. , Taskov N. , Angelkova T. , Atanasova E. , Mladenov M.
Published: November 2011

The research was conducted on pig carcasses and meat of 12 pigs breed big
Yorkshire fattened to approximately 125 kg body mass (group A), and 12 pigs
of the same breed fattened to approximately 108 kg body mass (group B). Pigs
were kept in the semi-outdoor system, with the same housing and feeding
conditions. Meat quality was determined on the sample from M. longissimus
dorsi, taken between the 13th and 14th rib. Body mass of pigs prior to
slaughter 125..22 kg. and 108. 52 kg.) significantly influenced the quality
of pigs breed big Yorkshire carcasses , but not the quality of the meat. Pigs
with higher body mass (125.22 kg) had carcasses of different conformation
(significantly higher relative share of yawl and abdominal rib -part and a
lower relative share of less worth parts and shoulder) and composition (a
lower relative share of meat on shoulder and a higher relative share of meat
on abdominal-rib part) in relation to pigs with lower body mass (108.52 kg).
The meat contents in carcasses was almost equal (47.04 % and 47.20%) in both
analyzed groups of pigs. In terms of meat quality, that was usual, no
significant differences (p>0.05) were determined between the analyzed groups
of pigs.
Radiation hygienic control of mineral supplements and feed for pigs
Authors: Vitorovic G. , Mitrovic B. , Vitorovic D. , Andric V. , Adamovic I.
Published: November 2011

Radiometric control of products involved in the food chain is an important
part of ongoing quality control of products related to food and feed. Content
of primordial and anthropogenic radionuclides in some products directly
determines their quality and further methods of usage. The most common way of
intake of radionuclides in the human body is ingestion (80 %) through
contaminated food and water. The foods of animal origin are largely
represented in the human diet. Therefore radiation control of animal feeds
and animal products will contribute to producing food for human nutrition
without or with low risk for health. This paper presents the results obtained
by gamma spectrometric analysis of mineral additives and mixtures for pig
nutrition, from imported and domestic production. In most samples examined,
activity levels of natural and radionuclides made during production were in
accordance with the regulations. A certain number of tested mineral
supplement samples had increased levels of activity of 238U (640- 2100
Bq/kg), which was not in accordance with applicable regulations.
Resistance Escherichia coli isolates to antibiotics from the organ samples originating from swine farms
Authors: Dosen R. , Prodanov-Radulovic J. , Pusic I. , Stojanov I. , Stojanovic D. , Ratajac R.
Published: November 2011

Bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli) is a ubiquitous microorganism with a
different serotypes, that cause septicemia in neonatal piglets, diarrhea in
suckling piglets, diarrhea and edemic disease in weaned piglets. Vaccination
and antibiotic treatment are less effective ways in solving the problem,
especially when the category of pig is not taken into consideration, as well
as feed safety and chemical composition of feed. The resistance of pathogens
depends on the farm size, production type and pigs category raised on the
farm. In addition, the antibiotics used for veterinary purposes reduce their
effectiveness in human medicine. Analyzing the antibiograms results obtained
from the isolates of dead piglets with E. coli infection in last two years
(2007-2009), it can be concluded that E. coli strains developed resistance to
most chemotherapeutics. Applying bacteriological examination it was detected
that the isolates of E. coli are highly sensitive to the following
chemotherapeutics: Floron (86.36%), Cobactam (71%), Enrofloxacin (54.84%),
Neomycin (38.71%), Gentamicin (38.71%), Lincospectin (29%), Flumequine (29%),
Amoxicillin (26.66%), Colistin (17.39%), Penicillin (9.67%), Tiamulin
(6.45%), Tetracycline (6.45%), Doxycycline (6.45%), Streptomycin (3.22%).
Intermediate degree of sensitivity was found with: Flumequin (38.71%),
Colistin (34.78%), Cobactam (30%), Tilozin (29.17%), Gentamicin (25%). E.
coli strains were the least resistant to Cobactam (not detected), Floron
(4.54%), Neomycin (12.9%), Colistin (13.04%), Flumequin (19.35%).
Production and reproduction characteristics of Simmental and Holstein Friesian cows in Semberija area
Authors: Budimir D. , Plavsic M. , Popovic-Vranjes A.
Published: November 2011

Investigation of production and reproduction characteristics two breeds of
cows, Simmental and Holstein Friesian in bad conditions of feeding and
rearing was done and their results were compared. In the milk production
Holstein Friesian breed had average production: 4795 kg in the first 5334 kg
in the second 5417 kg in the third standard lactation. Simmental breed had
average production in the first 4084 kg in the second 4440 kg and in the
third 4483 kg milk. In the milk production Holstein Friesian breed, like we
expected, had better results than Simmental. In the reproductive
characteristics, Simmental was dominant when we compare with Holstein
Friesian. These results are same like the other investigations for these two
breeds of cows until now, because Simmental is two purpose breed and Holstein
Friesian is breed for milk production. From this result, we can see that in
very bad conditions of feeding and rearing we have genetic potential and the
possibility of more efficient utilization and to get better production of
milk and the good reproductive parameters.
Antibody response of beef calves to experimental monovalent and multivalent inactivated bovine viral diarrhoea virus vaccines as measured by indirect elisa method
Authors: Kurcubic V. , Petrovic T. , Djokovic R. , Ilic Z. , Petrovic M.D.
Published: November 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the immunogenic properties of
two experimental inactivated (mono - and multivalent) vaccines containing
BVDV type 1 reference strains (NADL, W1. - 162903, W2. - 172984, W3. -
173481, W4. - 179725) and one local field isolate derived from a calf
suffering from mucosal disease (MD). Normal healthy beef calves (Simmental
race) of mixed sex, 6 to 7 months of age, were divided into three
experimental groups: ten calves vaccinated twice (days 1 and 28)
subcutaneously (s/c) with 2 ml of inactivated multivalent vaccine per animal
(Group I); ten calves vaccinated twice (days 1 and 28) subcutaneously (s/c)
with 2 ml of inactivated monovalent vaccine per animal (Group II) and 9
unvaccinated calves (Control group C). Blood sera were obtained from
immunized animals (standard procedure: on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56
post-immunization). The immune response to BVDV vaccine strains was assessed
by the indirect ELISA method (Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antibody Test Kit
BVDV HerdChek
Examination of middle concentrations of oxytetracycline residues in cow milk after intrauterine application
Authors: Vukovic V. , Kasalica A. , Vicentijevic M.
Published: November 2011

After intrauterine application of oxytetracycline in a dose of 2.0 g per cow,
excretion of residues in milk was monitored using Resasurine test with Str.
thermophilus and specific quantitative procedure (Vukovic, 1999). Mean
concentrations of oxytetracycline residues in milk samples, the total
quantity per milking and the total quantity per cow were monitored.
Protective effect of the antioxidant enzyme on sperm from Bubalus bubalis type after cryoconservation
Authors: Stefanov R. , Sabev M. , Ivanova-Kicheva M.
Published: November 2011

Studies were carried out in order to determine the presence of damaged
intracellular proteins in sperm from water buffalo as a result of toxic
action of free radicals and their attitude towards the vitality of the
gametes. Experiments were performed with thawed semen samples as the trial
has been added antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. It was found that
added to the test sample exogenous antioxidant makes inoffensive much of the
available free radicals in sperm, respectively reduces the amount of damaged
intracellular proteins and helps protect the vitality of sperm.
The effect of the farm size on milk traits of cows
Authors: Kucevic D. , Trivunovic S. , Radinovic M. , Plavsic M. , Skalicki Z. , Perisic P.
Published: November 2011

Objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the dairy farm on milk
traits of cows in Vojvodina. The research was carried out on small farms with
10 to 20 cows, medium farms with 20 to 50 cows, and large farms with over 50
dairy cows. The study included registered animals of Simmental (SM) and
Holstein-Friesian breed (HF; including Red Holstein) in the first lactation
for traits of milk yield and yield and content of milk fat. Total of 1323
first lactations were analyzed. The average milk yield (both breeds) in the
first lactation of 305 days was 6295 kg of milk with 234,3 kg of milk fat and
average milk fat content of 3,74%. Milk performance of cows varied
significantly (CV=22,9% and SD=1447,8), as well as milk fat yield (CV=21,6%
and SD=50,8). Large farms produced in average 6534 kg of milk, medium farms
6347kg and small farms 4717kg. Size of the farm exhibited significantly high
effect on all observed traits, and the tendency was that farms with higher
number of animals realize also higher average of production. Farm management
and various breeding-zootechnical conditions present on farms had significant
effect on milk performance of cows.
Effect of zeolite on the chemical composition of milk from Serbian spotted dairy cattle
Authors: Djokovic R. , Ilic Z. , Petrovic M.P. , Pesev S. , Ristanovic B.
Published: November 2011

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by the quality
of dairy cattle diet. The chemical composition of milk is dependent upon a
large number of factors, including breed, diet, care, housing system, stage
of lactation, etc. Milk composition is primarily a breed-specific trait. This
study was conducted over a period of 15 months, involving Serbian Spotted
dairy cattle. The experimental animals were assigned to three groups, each
receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group
comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental Groups I and
II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively.
Milk samples were analysed for the contents of milk fat, proteins, fat-free
solids and lactose, and density. The results obtained suggest that zeolite
supplementation affects milk chemical composition, depending on the zeolite
level present in livestock feed.
Contractualism vs. contractarianism
Authors: Dobrijevic Aleksandar
Published: November 2011

The author insists that, within contemporary theory, common division of
social contract tradition on ?Hobbesian? and ?Kantian? line of thought is
entirely justified. Analyzing the theories of David Gauthier and Thomas
Scanlon, he also indicates the important difference between ?moral? and
?political? dimension of the idea of social contract. Finally, he rejects
recent attempts of identifying contractualism with constructivism.
Bleaching preferences: Why deliberative procedure should include self-interested preferences
Authors: Mladenovic Ivan
Published: November 2011

Someone might vote for an option that on his or her view best promotes his or
her self-interest. But, someone might vote for an option that promotes what
he or she sees as a common good. The point is that there is no necessity
here. Empirically oriented investigations showed that people vote both for
self-centered and prosocial reasons. On the standard account of deliberative
democracy public discussion is oriented towards achieving the common good. In
this paper I shall argue that there is no necessity in supposing that public
deliberation will lead to consensus over the common good. If consensus over
the common good is neither realistic, nor desirable feature of public
deliberation, then the most that practically oriented deliberative democrats
might hope for is an open debate which may influence post-deliberative
voting. Or so I shall argue. On this account, deliberative democracy makes
more probable that outcome of the voting procedure will reflect concerns over
the common good. According to this conception the appeal to selfinterest is
not ex hypothesi excluded. The role of public deliberation is to bring to the
fore both self-centered and prosocial concerns, and eventually to show why
prosocial concerns should override private concerns. But there is no
necessity here. The most important thing is to have sound procedure for
weighting the reasons that speak both for and against self-interested
concerns.
Democracy and politics of difference: Through the prism of current situation
Authors: Petkovska Sanja
Published: November 2011

The problems of difference and identity are articulated in the form of a
dispute starting with the establishment of liberal democracies and becoming
more and more intense: a dispute about the way the political community is
established and defended in connection to the issue of relation between the
individual being and the collective. The paper analyzes the latest
reflections of European policy to the problem of differences and the
likelihood of thesis about the end of multiculturalism heard after the
security conference in Munich to be relevant, by the explanation of the
genesis of the problem and a review of offered solutions. Additionally, paper
explains the notion of modern state by the principles of citizenship and
nation in relation to the questions of identity and difference, with special
accent on concepts of neutrality and tolerance as a key spots is this debate.
In conclusion, paper sums up the reasons why the gap problem can not easily
be overcome and how discursive democracy can potentially be a different
future focus of the dispute.
The idea of an educated public in the Macintyre’s critique of the enlightenment
Authors: Molnar-Sivc Milotka
Published: November 2011

The article analyzes MacIntyre?s notion of ?educated public? which is
presented in his lecture The Idea of an Educated Public and in the concluding
chapters of the Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry, where this idea is
conceptualized in the context of the question about the place of universities
in contemporary society. While the clames which MacIntyre gave in this texts
are intepretated like questions about the ?conditions of possibility? for the
realization of an educational project which belongs to liberal and
Enlightenment tradition, we are critically interpreting his notion of
?independent thinking? and the issue of the relationship between ?independent
thinking? and ?standards of rational justification?. The thesis form which we
started in this paper is that MacIntyre?s reaffirmation of the idea of an
educated public does not only represent his answer to the question about the
aims of education but also an invitation to the humanities to be more
actively involved in the discussion of the issues which are important to
larger society.
N-Tris[(2-aminoethyl)-2-(diphenylphosphoryl) acetamide)] — novel CMPO tripodand: synthesis, extraction studies and luminescent properties of lanthanide complexes
Authors: Sharova Elena , Artyushin Oleg , Turanov Alexander , Karandashev Vasilii , Meshkova Svetlana , Topilova Zoya , Odinets Irina
Published: November 2011

A ligand system containing three carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) moieties attached to a tripodal platform with a central nitrogen atom has been synthesized for metal complexation and extraction from neutral and nitric acid solutions. Liquid-liquid extractions performed for Ln(III), both from neutral and acidic media, show excellent extraction properties which exceeded those for the known mono- and di-CMPO derivatives as well as the related tripodands. A considerable enhancement of the DLn values was observed in the presence of IL ([bmim][Tf2N]) in the organic phase towards lanthanide ions from 3M HNO3 solutions. The protonation of the central amine nitrogen atom of the ligand 1 in the acidic media provides also the effective extraction of the perrhenate anionic complexes. The europium complexes formed by mono- and tris-CMPO ligands in the solid state, as well as Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes generated in solutions, possess intensive luminescence at 300K