bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Temperature Pulsed Corona Processing of Fuel Gas
Authors: Pemen A. J. M. , Nair S. A. , Yan K. , Heesch E. J. M. van , Ptasinski K. J. , Drinkenburg A. A. H.
Published: November 2016

To utilize fuel gas obtained from biomass gasification for the production of energy or chemicals, it is necessary to clean the fuel gas. Especially heavy aromatic hydrocarbons (“tars”) must be removed. This paper gives an overview of our work on tar removal from fuel gas by means of pulsed corona discharges. A setup for pulsed corona processing at fuel gas temperatures up to 850 °C will be described. Experiments were done at gas temperatures up to 400 °C. Effects of the gas temperature on the energization of a corona reactor and on tar removal will be discussed.
Dilute Trichloroethylene Decomposition in Air by the Non-Thermal Plasma Process Combined with the Manganese Oxide
Authors: Oda Tetsuji , Han SangBo , Ono Ryo
Published: November 2016

The non-thermal plasma is a very effective technique to decompose various kinds of gaseous organic compounds. The trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the effective washing reagents to remove oily liquid materials or similar fatty materials from the solid surface but is harmful for human beings as the carcinogenic materials. The authors have been engaged in developing the non-thermal plasma technology to decompose that TCE efficiently. During the research on how to improve the decomposition efficiency of TCE, we found that the ozone generated in the air by the plasma can decompose TCE which is named as Indirect Process, comparing with the conventional plasma process named as Direct Process. We found that manganese oxide catalyst which can easily decompose the ozone and may generate oxygen radicals. The manganese oxide can improve the TCE decomposition efficiency, 20 or 80%, for Direct or Indirect Processes.
Evaluation of Four Kinds of Nonthermal Plasma Reactor for Abatement of Perfluorocompounds
Authors: Lee How Ming , Chang Moo Been , Chen Chih Wei
Published: November 2016

Perfluorocompounds (PFCs) are widely used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry as etching gases and chamber cleaning gases. However, PFCs intensely absorb infrared radiation and aggravates global warming consequently. This study applies nonthermal plasma technologies to destroy PFCs including CF
Magnetic Energy Recovery Type Marx-Generator for High Repetition Plasma Discharge
Authors: Isobe Takanori , Takaku Taku , Narushima Jim , Tsuji-Iio Shunji , Shimada Ryuichi
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a power supply which can generate pulsed high voltage with high repetition rate is proposed. It can generate pulsed high voltage up to several kilovolts even from several volts dc. This circuit is the Marx-generator which consists of multi-staged magnetic energy recovering switches. A magnetic energy recovering switch is made of four IGBTs and one capacitor. Two IGBTs in reverse-series are connected in anti-parallel. Their terminals are connected to the capacitor. It generates high voltage by absorbing the magnetic energy of an inductor to the capacitor. In order to generate high voltage, this Marx-generator utilizes the inductor. While all the switches are turned on, current flows through the switches and the inductor. When the switches are turned off, the magnetic energy which stored in the inductor is charged in the capacitors in parallel. Next, by turning on the switches, the capacitors discharge in series and high voltage is applied to the inductor. Experiments were carried out. A pulsed voltage of 1.5 kV with a repetition rate of 5 kHz was generated from 36 V dc. It was confirmed that this circuit can be applied to a power supply for high repetition plasma discharge.
Hydrogen Peroxide Formation by Discharges in Argon/Water Vapor Mixtures at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Dodet B. , Odic E. , Goldman A. , Goldman M. , Renard D.
Published: November 2016

Hydrogen peroxide production was studied in an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge device. The discharge atmosphere was an argon/oxygen gas mixture of variable ratio with water vapor adjunction; H
Non Thermal Plasma NOx Remediation: From Binary Gas Mixture to Lean-Burn Gasoline and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Authors: Khacef A. , Cormier J. M. , Pouvesle J. M.
Published: November 2016

Experiments are presented on the plasma removal of NOx (sum of NO and NO
Enhancement of Propane Flame Stability by Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Authors: Kim Yongho , Stange Sy M. , Rosocha Louis A. , Ferreri Vincent W.
Published: November 2016

Non-thermal plasmas have recently found novel applications in improving fuel combustion. Typical electron temperatures in such plasmas are of order a few electron volts. Such electrons are sufficient to break down fuel molecules and to produce free radicals which may significantly affect combustion efficiency. In this work, we use a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to activate propane (C3H8) fuel before it is mixed with air and ignited. The use of activated propane enables us to operate combustion in very lean-burn conditions; for 0.2 lpm propane, air flow was 38 lpm, compared with an air flow of 26 lpm in the absence of a plasma. A residual gas analyzer (RGA) measures the decomposition products of the propane discharge, indicating that atomic and molecular hydrogen are produced in the plasma and that their concentrations depend on the DBD energy density. Based on the observations discussed in this work, we have shown that by activating propane, the DBD increases combustion stability.
After-Treatment of NOx Using Combination of Non-Thermal Plasma and Oxidative Catalyst Prepared by Novel Impregnation
Authors: Matsui Y. , Sawada J. , Koyamoto I. , Takashima K. , Katsura S. , Mizuno A.
Published: November 2016

NOx removal process based on the combination of pulsed discharge plasma and catalyst was investigated in this study. Five types of catalyst pellets (γAl
Effects of Carbon Coating on TinO2n-1 for Decomposition of Iminoctadine Triacetate in Aqueous Solution under Visible Light
Authors: Toyoda Masahiro , Yano Takashi , Tomoki Tsumura , Amao Yutaka , Inagaki Michio
Published: November 2016

Starting materials such as Ti
Decolouration of Dye Solutions Using Photoelectrocatalysis and Photocatalysis
Authors: Egerton Terry A , Purnama Herry , Purwajanti Swasmi , Zafar Muhammad
Published: November 2016

This paper compares the photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic decolouration of dilute solutions of two dyes, one, methylene blue, cationic and one, reactive orange, anionic. For both methylene blue and reactive orange there is evidence that, as in photocatalytic decolouration, the initial stage in photoelectrocatalytic degradation is the destruction of the chromophore responsible for absorption in the visible region of the spectrum. For both dyes, both photoelectrocatalysis and photocatalysis were more efficient at pH > 9 than at pH 4. For the cationic dye, methylene blue, photoelectrocatalytic degradation was slower than photocatalytic degradation - indeed even though photocatalytic decolouration of 0.2 mM methylene blue solutions could be achieved photoelectrocatalytic degradation was negligible under the conditions used by us. However, photoelectrocatalytic decolouration of 0.1 mM methylene blue solution was achieved. The reduced efficiency of photoelectrocatalysis probably occurs because adsorption of the dye molecules on the TiO
Electrochemical Treatment of Trace Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals with a Three-Dimensional Electrode System
Authors: Nagata Ryuta , Prosnansky Michal , Sakakibara Yutaka
Published: November 2016

The wide pollution of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment is of great concern to aquatic organisms and human health. Previous researches indicated that the main sources of the EDCs were sewage treatment plants (STPs). In this paper, we reported treatment results of synthetic wastewater containing several EDCs by a three-dimensional electrode system. Pt/Ti granular electrodes were used to enlarge the effective surface area of the anode. Concentrations of EDCs were prepared in the range of 1-1000 μg/l. In batch and continuous treatments, EDCs were successfully removed by the present system. Electric current and recycling flow rate played important roles for removal efficiency and reactor design. Energy consumptions were in the range of 0.1-10 Wh/m
Phenol Oxidation in Aqueous Solution by Gas Phase Corona Discharge
Authors: Dors Mirosław , Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Mok Y. S.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, results of phenol degradation in water induced by a DC corona discharge run in air-like gas mixture above the water surface are presented. The DC positive corona discharge was generated between a stressed hollow needle and the water surface. Air with 1.5% CO
A New Type of Reactor with a Combination of Surface Discharge and Advanced Oxidation Process in Air and its Applications
Authors: Shimosaki Mitsuaki , Yamabe Chobei
Published: November 2016

A new type of reactor which is operated with a combination of surface discharge and UV radiation emitted by a lamp discharge is studied for both its fundamental characteristics and the treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The surface discharge occurs along the wire electrode which surrounds on the outer tube of reactor and generates ozone from the air. It seems that the UV emission has an effect on the initiation and uniformity of the surface discharge. The toluene treatment in oxygen or air and argon mixture gas was carried out and the decomposition of almost 100% was established at the applied voltage of 4 kV (peak to peak). The toluene in oxygen was converted into CO
Adsorption and Photodegradation of Humic Acids by Nano-Structured TiO2 for Water Treatment
Authors: Lee P. F. , Sun D. D. , Leckie J. O.
Published: November 2016

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) is always a concern in water treatment, particularly the formation of chlorinated organic compounds such as trihalomethane (THM) - toxic by-products resulting from the chlorination and disinfection of residual organic compound. TiO
Glycerol Transformation Through Photocatalysis: A Possible Route to Value Added Chemicals
Authors: Maurino Valter , Bedini Andrea , Minella Marco , Rubertelli Francesca , Pelizzetti Ezio , Minero Claudio
Published: November 2016

The photocatalytic process is a possible way for obtaining value-added chemicals from glycerol (Gly). The kinetic and mechanism of transformation of glycerol are explored as a function of several operating parameters (type of the catalyst, pH, substrate concentration, fluorination of the catalyst surface). Different transformation rates are observed for glycerol on pristine P25 and Merck powders. By use of Degussa P25, the phototransformation rate shows a sharp maximum at low glycerol concentration, thus deviating from Langmuir-Hinshelwood behavior. These results are qualitatively rationalized with a kinetic model that includes substrate mediated carrier recombination (back reaction) and invokes two reactive sites on P25 TiO
Super-Hydrophilic and Photocatalytic Properties of Ag-TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Sol–Gel Technique
Authors: Patil Suhas R. , Štangar Urška Lavrenčič , Gross Silvia , Schubert Ulrich
Published: November 2016

A comparative study of photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (liquid-solid interface) and methyl stearate (solid-solid interface) was performed with three different kinds of transparent pure and Ag-doped TiO
Photochemical Reactivity of Iron(III)-Doped Ruthenium(II)-tris- Bipyridine/Titanium Dioxide Zeolite Y Photocatalysts at High Substrate Concentrations
Authors: Pokhrel Megh Raj , Janik Katharine , Bossmann Stefan H.
Published: November 2016

Ruthenium(II)-tris-bipyridine/titanium dioxide codoped zeolite Y (Ru(bpy)
Preparation of Photocatalytic Coatings Adapted to the Elimination of Airborne Pollutants: Influence of the Substrate on the Degradation Efficiency
Authors: Coronado Juan M. , Suárez Silvia , Portela Raquel , Sánchez Benigno
Published: November 2016

Immobilized TiO
Highly Photoactive Monodidisperse Titania Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Kyrkou Athina , Kontos Athanassios I. , Papavassiliou Georgios , Falaras Polycarpos
Published: November 2016

Titania nanospheres were prepared using the sol-gel technique following a core-shell approach based on polystyrene substrates. Thermal treatment of the titanium alkoxide modified polymer core structures resulted to formation of monodisperse TiO
Photolysis and TiO2 Photocatalytic Treatment of Naproxen: Degradation, Mineralization, Intermediates and Toxicity
Authors: Méndez-Arriaga Fabiola , Gimenez Jaime , Esplugas Santiago
Published: November 2016

The heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Naproxen using TiO
Oxidation of Higher Alkanes at Moderate Reaction Conditions with Ozone in Presence of Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Pullabhotla V. S. R. Rajasekhar , Jonnalagadda S. B.
Published: November 2016

The scope of mesoporous molecular sieves, Al-MCM-41, as catalysts in the ozone initiated fuctionalisation of higher n-alkanes at 20 ± 1 °C and ~1 atm conditions is investigated. Oxygen is introduced into carbonaceous site in the product molecule forming 2-, 3- and 4- keto- isomers as main products and carboxylic acids as minor products. The % conversion, reaction products and selectivity for the catalysed reactions are compared. In presence of catalysts, the relative selectivity towards 4-ketone is increased.
Enhancement of the Photodegradation of Methylene Blue by Combined Titania Photocatalyst and Photo-Fenton
Authors: Bouras Panagiotis , Lianos Panagiotis , Dionysiou Dionysios D.
Published: November 2016

The decolorization of Methylene Blue has been studied in aqueous solutions in the presence of Titania nanocrystalline films alone or with added Fe
Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimise C.I. Acid Orange 7 Azo Dye Mineralization by UV/H2O2 Process
Authors: Olya Mohammad E. , Kasiri Masoud B. , Aleboyeh Hamid , Aleboyeh Azam
Published: November 2016

The mineralization of C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) azo dye by UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process was studied in a flux through annular photoreactor. An experimental design based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the simple and combined effects of influencing independent parameters on mineralization efficiency and optimising the operating conditions of the treatment process. A 2
Electro-Fenton Treatment of TNT in Aqueous Media in Presence of Cyclodextrin. Application to Ex-situ Treatment of Contaminated Soil
Authors: Murati Minir , Oturan Nihal , Hullebusch Eric D. van , Oturan Mehmet A.
Published: November 2016

This preliminary study aims to examine, at laboratory scale, the mechanisms and performances provided by coupling the enhanced solubility abilities of cyclodextrin solutions for removal of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) from contaminated soil with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that are regarded as the most effective approaches in treatment of wastewater contaminated with persistent and toxic organic pollutants. In recent years, different Fenton technologies have turned out to be quite appealing to eliminate recalcitrant organic pollutants. Among the different Fenton-like technologies currently available, indirect electrochemical treatment, namely electro-Fenton process, has appeared to be quite efficient in eliminating refractory organic compounds from aqueous media. HPLC/DAD was employed to monitor the TNT degradation and to identify the aromatic intermediates formed during the electro-Fenton oxidation of TNT. Absolute rate constant of TNT hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals was determined as 2.06 × 10
Reactivity of Peroxyl Radicals towards Hydrogen Donors: A Kinetic ESR Investigation
Authors: Criqui A. , Lalevée J. , Allonas X. , Fouassier J. P.
Published: November 2016

Peroxyl radicals are usually assumed as key intermediates in oxidation or autoxidation processes rendering important a better understanding of their associated reactivity. Kinetic ESR is proposed here as an efficient technique for the determination of their reaction rate constants. The interactions between peroxyl radicals and a large variety of hydrogen donors Y-H are reported. The role of the Y-H bond dissociation energy is outlined.
Hydrothermal Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of (I2)n Sensitized and I(V) Doped TiO2 Supported on SiO2
Authors: Deng Peichang , Wang Haizeng , Sun Baowei , Fan Lixia , Li Ling
Published: November 2016

A mild hydrothermal route for preparing highly photocatalytic activity (I
Integrated Strategy for Treatment of Winery Wastewaters Using Flocculation, Ozonation and Fenton’s Oxidation
Authors: Martins Rui C. , Abegão Fernando J.R. , Silva Adrián M.T. , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M.
Published: November 2016

The present research is based on a case-study involving the development of an adequate treatment for agro-effluents originating from wineries. Flocculation, Fenton’s oxidation and ozonation processes were investigated in order to define the best integration strategy that may conduce to optimal efficiency of degradation and operational cost. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total organic carbon (TOC) were some of the parameters used to analyze the performance of these technologies. The higher COD and TSS removals (73% and 94% respectively) were achieved combining the ozonation treatment with the Fenton process. In addition, the respective cost of COD reduction is lower in this case, when compared with other alternatives. Flocculation revealed not to be needed since in the ozonation process the suspended solids are able to be degraded.
H2O2/UV-C Treatment of the Economically Important Naphthalene Sulfonate J-Acid: Process Optimization, Kinetic Evaluation and Activated Sludge Inhibition
Authors: Arslan-Alaton Idil , Olmez-Hanci Tuğba , Kartal Zeynep
Published: November 2016

J-acid (2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid) is an economically important naphthalene sulfonate having a highly polar, aromatic structure that renders it a difficult-to-oxidize, coagulate or adsorb pollutant. In the present study, the treatability of aqueous J-acid employing H2O2/UV-C oxidation and the effect of H
Comparison of Photocatalytic Activities of Commercial Titanium Dioxide Powders Immobilised on Glass Substrates
Authors: Dunlop Patrick S. M. , Galdi Americo , McMurray Trudy A. , Hamilton Jeremy W. J. , Rizzo Luigi , Byrne J. Anthony
Published: November 2016

Semiconductor photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation technology reported to be effective for the degradation of a wide range of organic pollutants found in water. Titanium dioxide is the most suitable photocatalyst for water treatment as it is insoluble under normal pH conditions, is photoactive, photostable, readily available and inexpensive. In this work Millennium Chemicals PC500, PC105, PC100, PC50, PC10 and Evonik Degussa P25 powders were immobilised onto borosilicate glass, via dip-coating and spray coating, producing thick films ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 mg catalyst per square cm of glass substrate. The photocatalytic activity of the immobilised films was compared under back-face UVA irradiation in a stirred-tank reactor using formic acid and phenol as model pollutants. Based upon the rate constant derived from the removal of the parent compound, and using the optimum catalyst loading determined under the experimental conditions employed, the order of photocatalytic activity for the degradation of formic acid was found to be P25 > PC100 > PC50 > PC105 ≥ PC500 > PC10, while for phenol degradation the order was P25 > PC50 > PC105 > PC100 ≥ PC500 > PC10.
The Role of Oxidative Treatment on the Trivalent Cation Complexation Properties of Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Kavurmaci Sibel Sen , Bekbolet Miray
Published: November 2016

Humic acids (HA) which constitute the major subgroup of natural organic matter (NOM) are mainly composed of heterogeneous and polydisperse macromolecules. Considering the reactivities of the humic moieties towards the common coagulants during physico-chemical treatment of drinking water, different pre-oxidation conditions could exhibit various changes in humic acid structure leading to diverse reactivities towards the trivalent cations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the oxidative pre-treatment schemes applied by ozonation, TiO
Combined Biological and Chemical Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Distillery Wastewater
Authors: Vasudevan Namasivayam , Kanimozhi Ramalingam
Published: November 2016

The present study investigates the treatment of anaerobically digested distillery wastewater (ANDDW) with biological treatment followed by ozonation process. The aerobic biological system (SBR) used in this study was able to treat the distillery wastewater (ANDDW) containing high COD to the extent of 73% and BOD to the extent of 98%, respectively at an optimized OLR of 3.6 kgCOD/m
The Role of Non-Metal Doping in TiO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Yalçın Yelda , Kılıç Murat , Çınar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

The visible light activity of TiO
Catalytic Epoxidation of Allyl Alcohol with Hydrogen Peroxide under Autogenic Pressure over Ti-MWW Catalyst
Authors: Wróblewska Agnieszka , Fajdek Anna
Published: November 2016

The influence of the technological parameters (temperature (20-100 °C), the molar ratio of allyl alcohol/H
Kinetic Modeling of the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulphonate
Authors: Sanchez Montserrat , Rivero Maria J. , Ortiz Inmaculada
Published: November 2016

This work reports the experimental and theoretical analysis of the kinetics of degradation of the surfactant dodecylbenzenesulphonate (DBS) using TiO
Distillery Wastewater Treated by Electrochemical Oxidation with Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Alvarez-Pugliese Christian E. , Moreno-Wiedman Paola , Machuca-Martínez Fiderman , Marriaga-Cabrales Nilson
Published: November 2016

Electrochemical oxidation of pretreated distillery wastewater was performed using a boron doped diamond anode (BDD). The role of direct oxidation of organic matter was assessed with experiments of linear sweep voltammetry, noting that the deactivation of the electrode surface occurs in the region of potentials below oxygen evolution. Then, galvanostatic bulk electrolyses were conducted during 4 hours at current densities (20 mAcm
Maleic Acid Oxidation Using A Heterogeneous Modified Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibrous Catalyst
Authors: Chi George T. , Huddersman Katherine D.
Published: November 2016

The effectiveness, kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of maleic acid in solution using a novel modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN) catalyst/hydrogen peroxide system was studied. The modified PAN catalyst contains immobilised Fe
Application of Fenton and Solar Photo-Fenton Processes to the Treatment of a Sanitary Landfill Leachate in a Pilot Plant with CPCs
Authors: Vilar Vítor J. P. , Moreira José M. S. , Fonseca Amélia , Saraiva Isabel , Boaventura Rui A. R.
Published: November 2016

This paper reports on landfill leachate treatment by Fenton (Fe
Congo Red Degradation in Anode and Sunlight/derivative Persulfate Composite Oxidation System
Authors: Zhang Naidong , Zhu Zhengjiang , Luan Wanli
Published: November 2016

Anodic oxidation and sulphate radical oxidation were combined in the study for degradation of refractory organics. The degradation reaction of organic compounds and persulfate generation reaction occur simultaneously in Pt anodic oxidation system with electrolyte of Na
Study on Marine Bacteria Inactivation by UV Radiation Combined with Multi-pore Ceramic Filtration
Authors: Zhang Manxia , Tang Xiaojia , Wu Xiaomei , Li Na , Yu Ran , Zhu Yimin
Published: November 2016

UV is one of well-established ways to deal with bacteria in water. However, when applying on marine bacterium inactivation in ballast water, it shows low efficiency due to the existence of large amounts of plankton. To recover high transmission rate of seawater, plankton are required to be removed before UV radiation. Considering technical and economic feasibility, a novel method of multi-pore ceramic filtration (MPCF) is used as a primary treatment before UV radiation. The study compared UV treatment with MPCF & UV treatment at different flow rates and alga concentrations. The results showed that less than 40% marine bacteria can be inactivated by single UV radiation for the existence of large amounts of algae, while up to 100% inactivation rates were observed by MPCF & UV treatment at high alga concentration. According to the results of orthogonal tests, optimal experimental conditions including UV dose were detected. With the combination of MPCF, lethal UV dose for marine bacteria inactivation can reduce to 8 mW·s·cm
Oxidative Degradation of Bisphenol A: A Comparison Between Fenton Reagent, UV, UV/H2O2 and Ultrasound
Authors: Young Tessora , Geng Make , Lin Lin , Mededovic Thagard Selma
Published: November 2016

The degradation of 40 mg/L (0.175 mM) of Bisphenol A in water has been investigated using four different oxidation processes: Fenton reagent, UV, UV/H
CuInS2 Superstrate Solar Cells with ZnO Compact Layer Fabricated by Totally Non-vacuum Methods
Authors: Hanaro Norihisa , Nguyen Duy-Cuong , Ito Seigo
Published: November 2016

Solar cells with a superstrate structure of <carbon/CuInS
Photodegradation of Benzo-[a]-pyrene on the Surface of the Photocatalytic Paints and Analysis of the Degradation Products
Authors: Tryba B. , Janus M. , Wróbel R. J. , Przepiórski J. , Grzechulska-Damszel J. , Morawski A. W.
Published: November 2016

Four different photocatalytic paints supplied by PIGMENT company (Poland) were tested for their self-cleaning properties. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a representative of hazardous PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) was selected as a model pollutant. The photocatalytic tests were performed in a solar simulator Suntest CPS+/XLS+. The photocatalytic paint was coated on the porcelain cuvette. BaP was loaded on the surface of the photocatalytic paint after its dissolution in acetone. The concentration of BaP was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that indoor paints (latex and acrylic) were more photoactive than silicate ones, 0.05 mg of loaded BaP was almost completely decomposed on their surface after 60 min of irradiation whereas for silicate paints this time was much longer. It appeared that hydrophobic nature of indoor paints was more favorable for BaP decomposition. At the beginning the rate of BaP decomposition was going fast, but then slowed down because of formation of the decomposition products, such as 1,2 - benzendicarboxylic acid and hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1 (hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, which also followed decomposition. Additionally it was observed that some paint constituents were decomposed after exposure to solar irradiation.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution by Titanium Dioxide Coupled with Magnetic Field
Authors: Yun-Hai Wang , Jing-Lian Zhao , Yong Liang
Published: November 2016

The present study reports the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution by titanium dioxide coupled with magnetic field. The photocatalyst TiO
Comparison of Different UV-activated AOP Methods
Authors: Simonsen Morten E. , Jensen Carina V. , Søgaard Erik G.
Published: November 2016

In this study the photonic efficiency of different UV activated AOP methods are compared in regard to the oxidation of the dye p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO). The UV activated methods include heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
Degradation of Dithizone by Non Thermal Quenched Plasma of Gliding Arc Type
Authors: Acayanka Elie , Laminsi Samuel , Ndifon Peter Teke , Berthelot Sop Tamo , Brisset Jean-Louis
Published: November 2016

Dithizone is an extracting agent largely used for metallurgical processes and has been found in waste waters. Its degradation is studied by exposing basic solutions to a gliding arc discharge burning in various gases (i.e., humid and dry air, humid air and tert-butanol) to underline the role of the formed °OH radicals and H
Improved Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of Flower-like Bi2O3
Authors: Zeng Jun , Zhong Jun Bo , Li Jian Zhang , He Xi Yang , He Jin Jin
Published: November 2016

A highly efficient flower-like Bi
Germanicus, Artabanos II of Parthia, and Zeno Artaxias in Armenia
Authors: Olbrycht Marek Jan
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to analyse the Roman-Parthian relations under Artabanos II and Tiberius, and the political role played by Armenia, focusing on the agreement between the Roman prince Germanicus and Artabanos II. A scrutiny of military and diplomatic measures taken by Rome, Parthia, and minor kings of Kappadokia, Pontos and Armenia suggests a new perspective of the Roman and Parthian policies towards Armenia under Tiberius and Artabanos II. Artabanos II's triumph over Vonones compelled Rome to revise her policy toward Parthia. Artabanos agreed on a compromise with the ruler of Kappadokia Archelaos, a Roman client king, that involved installing Archelaos' stepson, Zeno, on the throne of Armenia. Germanicus' intervention in Armenia in A.D. 18 led to the conclusion of a compromise settlement between Rome and the Parthians, securing over a decade of peace between the two powers. Zeno Artaxias' coronation at the hands of Germanicus was commemorated by the issue of a set of meaningful silver coins.
Flavius Josephus, Hieronymus und die Eroberung Roms 410 n. Chr.
Authors: Klein Konstantin M.
Published: November 2016

Sein Fortgang aus Rom 385 n. Chr. veranlasste Hieronymus dazu, die Stadt Rom als neues Babylon zu stilisieren. Dass er solch eine apokalyptische Bildsprache keineswegs nur im Affekt wählte, möchte dieser Beitrag zeigen. Fünfundzwanzig Jahre später bot die Einnahme Roms durch Alarichs Truppen 410 n. Chr. Hieronymus die Möglichkeit, erneut und an verschiedenen Stellen über Rom zu schreiben: Diesmal nutzte er aber die Darstellung des Flavius Josephus über den Untergang Jerusalems als Vorlage, deren vielfältige intertextuelle biblische und klassische Bezüge der Kirchenvater meisterhaft zu analysieren wusste. Den Fall Roms stellte Hieronymus so in eine Reihe mit der theologischen Deutung der Zerstörung Jerusalems, die als göttliche Strafe für die Verfehlungen der Einwohner erfolgte, ebenso wie Rom für Hieronymus zeitlebens eine verfluchte Stadt bleiben sollte.
OMRI Listing for Pesticides: What You Need to Know
Authors: Currier Doug
Published: November 2016

The regulations that govern the production of certified organic produce in the United States are complex and cover all points of production from start (e.g., seed, input materials, origins of livestock) to finish (e.g., product handling, labeling, delivery). These regulations help ensure that organic produce is meeting a standard that everyone must follow. The Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) helps clarify this complex regulatory environment by focusing on one piece of certified organic production: input materials. Created by organic certifiers in 1997 to conduct this type of work, OMRI has built a reputation over the last 18 years as the leader in material review. This paper examines and explains the specific review criteria OMRI uses when evaluating the compliance of pesticide products for use in organic production under the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program.
Polyglycerol Esters as Adjuvants for Enhanced Pesticidal Activity
Authors: Heuser Justin , Poffenberger Craig , Haensel Rene , Sieverding Ewald
Published: November 2016

Regulatory agencies, applicators, and the public are becoming more aware that pesticide inert ingredients are not entirely “inert.” There is an increasing demand for efficacious adjuvants derived from renewable resources and having more benign toxicological profiles. Biodegradable polyglycerol esters (PGEs), constructed from vegetable-based fatty acids and glycerin, have long been incorporated into personal care and food products as emulsifiers. Because these materials are approved in such sensitive markets, Evonik has undertaken the development of a series of formulated polyglycerol adjuvant blends for use in the agrochemical segment. Previously, we presented data confirming that these blends improved penetration for foliar uptake using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This presentation will review the field-trial performance of two polyglycerol blends, one hydrophilic and one lipophilic in character. Specifically, the efficacy of these materials as tank-side adjuvants combined with herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides will be compared against traditional nonionic additives. Wind tunnel data will also be presented to demonstrate the influence on formation of driftable fines during spray applications. PGEs are “tunable” across a wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values. This flexibility makes them useful as emulsifiers for oils, solvents, and liquid pesticides in agricultural formulations.
Correlation of the Mechanical Properties of Seed Coating Films and Dust-Off, Flowability, and Plantability Tests
Authors: Halecky Alan , Ren Ning , Lu Jie , Wang Jane Q. , Lockwood Frances E.
Published: November 2016

The dusting of seed coatings containing neonicotinoid insecticides has become an important issue because of the association between dust-off and bee colony die-off. Because of this concern, efforts are underway by seed coating formulators to reduce dust-off. To accelerate this effort, as well as to improve the flowability and plantability of seed coatings, it would be useful if seed coating formulators could apply the mechanical tests that paint formulators use to predict paint durability to the development of seed coating formulations. We have therefore performed tribological testing on seed coating films containing insecticide and fungicide suspension concentrate combinations and polymeric binders in an attempt to correlate film mechanical properties with Heubach dust-off testing, flowability performance, and plantability evaluations conducted on coated seeds.
Temporary Depletion of Microglia during the Early Postnatal Period Induces Lasting Sex-Dependent and Sex-Independent Effects on Behavior in Rats
Authors: VanRyzin Jonathan W. , Yu Stacey J. , Perez-Pouchoulen Miguel , McCarthy Margaret M.
Published: November 2016

Microglia are the primary immune cells of the brain and function in multiple ways to facilitate proper brain development. However, our current understanding of how these cells influence the later expression of normal behaviors is lacking. Using the laboratory rat, we administered liposomal clodronate centrally to selectively deplete microglia in the developing postnatal brain. We then assessed a range of developmental, juvenile, and adult behaviors. Liposomal clodronate treatment on postnatal days 0, 2, and 4 depleted microglia with recovery by about 10 days of age and induced a hyperlocomotive phenotype, observable in the second postnatal week. Temporary microglia depletion also increased juvenile locomotion in the open field test and decreased anxiety-like behaviors in the open field and elevated plus maze. These same rats displayed reductions in predator odor–induced avoidance behavior, but increased their risk assessment behaviors compared with vehicle-treated controls. In adulthood, postnatal microglia depletion resulted in significant deficits in male-specific sex behaviors. Using factor analysis, we identified two underlying traits—behavioral disinhibition and locomotion—as being significantly altered by postnatal microglia depletion. These findings further implicate microglia as being critically important to the development of juvenile and adult behavior.
Cross Talk Between Brain Innate Immunity and Serotonin Signaling Underlies Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Oligomers in Mice
Authors: Ledo Jose Henrique , Azevedo Estefania P. , Beckman Danielle , Ribeiro Felipe C. , Santos Luis E. , Razolli Daniela S. , Kincheski Grasielle C. , Melo Helen M. , Bellio Maria , Teixeira Antonio L. , Velloso Licio A. , Foguel Debora , De Felice Fernanda G. , Ferreira Sergio T.
Published: November 2016

Considerable clinical and epidemiological evidence links Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this connection are largely unknown. We reported recently that soluble Aβ oligomers (AβOs), toxins that accumulate in AD brains and are thought to instigate synapse damage and memory loss, induce depressive-like behavior in mice. Here, we report that the mechanism underlying this action involves AβO-induced microglial activation, aberrant TNF-α signaling, and decreased brain serotonin levels. Inactivation or ablation of microglia blocked the increase in brain TNF-α and abolished depressive-like behavior induced by AβOs. Significantly, we identified serotonin as a negative regulator of microglial activation. Finally, AβOs failed to induce depressive-like behavior in Toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice and in mice harboring a nonfunctional TLR4 variant in myeloid cells. Results establish that AβOs trigger depressive-like behavior via a double impact on brain serotonin levels and microglial activation, unveiling a cross talk between brain innate immunity and serotonergic signaling as a key player in mood alterations in AD.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia in the world. Brain accumulation of amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) is a major feature in the pathogenesis of AD. Although clinical and epidemiological data suggest a strong connection between AD and depression, the underlying mechanisms linking these two disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we report that aberrant activation of the brain innate immunity and decreased serotonergic tonus in the brain are key players in AβO-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Our findings may open up new possibilities for the development of effective therapeutics for AD and depression aimed at modulating microglial function.
Cerebellar Shank2 Regulates Excitatory Synapse Density, Motor Coordination, and Specific Repetitive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors
Authors: Ha Seungmin , Lee Dongwon , Cho Yi Sul , Chung Changuk , Yoo Ye-Eun , Kim Jihye , Lee Jiseok , Kim Woohyun , Kim Hyosang , Bae Yong Chul , Tanaka-Yamamoto Keiko , Kim Eunjoon
Published: November 2016

Shank2 is a multidomain scaffolding protein implicated in the structural and functional coordination of multiprotein complexes at excitatory postsynaptic sites as well as in psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. While Shank2 is strongly expressed in the cerebellum, whether Shank2 regulates cerebellar excitatory synapses, or contributes to the behavioral abnormalities observed inShank2−/−mice, remains unexplored. Here we show thatShank2−/−mice show reduced excitatory synapse density in cerebellar Purkinje cells in association with reduced levels of excitatory postsynaptic proteins, including GluD2 and PSD-93, and impaired motor coordination in the Erasmus test.Shank2deletion restricted to Purkinje cells (Pcp2-Cre;Shank2fl/flmice) leads to similar reductions in excitatory synapse density, synaptic protein levels, and motor coordination.Pcp2-Cre;Shank2fl/flmice do not recapitulate autistic-like behaviors observed inShank2−/−mice, such as social interaction deficits, altered ultrasonic vocalizations, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity. However,Pcp2-Cre;Shank2fl/flmice display enhanced repetitive behavior in the hole-board test and anxiety-like behavior in the light-dark test, which are not observed inShank2−/−mice. These results implicate Shank2 in the regulation of cerebellar excitatory synapse density, motor coordination, and specific repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses contains multiprotein complexes, termed the postsynaptic density, which contains receptors, scaffolding/adaptor proteins, and signaling molecules. Shank2 is an excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein implicated in the formation and functional coordination of the postsynaptic density and has been linked to autism spectrum disorders. Using Shank2-null mice and Shank2-conditional knock-out mice with a gene deletion restricted to cerebellar Purkinje cells, we explored functions of Shank2 in the cerebellum. We found that Shank2 regulates excitatory synapse density, motor coordination, and specific repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors, but is not associated with autistic-like social deficits or repetitive behaviors.
Development of Activity in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Shen Jing , Colonnese Matthew T.
Published: November 2016

A comprehensive developmental timeline of activity in the mouse cortexin vivois lacking. Understanding the activity changes that accompany synapse and circuit formation is important to understand the mechanisms by which activity molds circuits and would help to identify critical checkpoints for normal development. To identify key principles of cortical activity maturation, we systematically tracked spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity with extracellular recordings of primary visual cortex (V1) in nonanesthetized mice. During the first postnatal week (postnatal days P4–P7), V1 was not visually responsive and exhibited long (>10 s) periods of network silence. Activation consisted exclusively of “slow-activity transients,” 2–10 s periods of 6–10 Hz “spindle-burst' oscillations; the response to spontaneous retinal waves. By tracking daily changes in this activity, two key components of spontaneous activity maturation were revealed: (1) spindle-burst frequency acceleration (eventually becoming the 20–50 Hz broadband activity caused by the asynchronous state) and (2) “filling-in” of silent periods with low-frequency (2–4 Hz) activity (beginning on P10 and complete by P13). These two changes are sufficient to create the adult-like pattern of continuous activity, alternation between fast-asynchronous and slow-synchronous activity, by eye opening. Visual responses emerged on P8 as evoked spindle-bursts and neuronal firing with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than adult. Both were eliminated by eye opening, leaving only the mature, short-latency response. These results identify the developmental origins of mature cortical activity and implicate the period before eye opening as a critical checkpoint. By providing a systematic description of electrical activity development, we establish the murine visual cortex as a model for the electroencephalographic development of fetal humans.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical activity is an important indicator of long-term health and survival in preterm infants and molds circuit formation, but gaps remain in our understanding of the origin and normal progression of this activity in the developing cortex. We aimed to rectify this by monitoring daily changes in cortical activity in the nonanesthetized mouse, an important preclinical model of disease and development. At ages approximately equivalent to normal human term birth, mouse cortex exhibits primarily network silence, with spontaneous “spindle bursts” as the only form of activity. In contrast, mature cortex is noisy, alternating between asynchronous/discontinuous and synchronous/continuous states. This work identifies the key processes that produce this maturation and provides a normative reference for murine-based studies of cortical circuit development.
The Segregation and Integration of Distinct Brain Networks and Their Relationship to Cognition
Authors: Cohen Jessica R. , D'Esposito Mark
Published: November 2016

A critical feature of the human brain that gives rise to complex cognition is its ability to reconfigure its network structure dynamically and adaptively in response to the environment. Existing research probing task-related reconfiguration of brain network structure has concluded that, although there are many similarities in network structure during an intrinsic, resting state and during the performance of a variety of cognitive tasks, there are meaningful differences as well. In this study, we related intrinsic, resting state network organization to reconfigured network organization during the performance of two tasks: a sequence tapping task, which is thought to probe motor execution and likely engages a single brain network, and an n-back task, which is thought to probe working memory and likely requires coordination across multiple networks. We implemented graph theoretical analyses using functional connectivity data from fMRI scans to calculate whole-brain measures of network organization in healthy young adults. We focused on quantifying measures of network segregation (modularity, system segregation, local efficiency, number of provincial hub nodes) and measures of network integration (global efficiency, number of connector hub nodes). Using these measures, we found converging evidence that local, within-network communication is critical for motor execution, whereas integrative, between-network communication is critical for working memory. These results confirm that the human brain has the remarkable ability to reconfigure its large-scale organization dynamically in response to current cognitive demands and that interpreting reconfiguration in terms of network segregation and integration may shed light on the optimal network structures underlying successful cognition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dynamic nature of the human brain gives rise to the wide range of behaviors and cognition of which humans are capable. We collected fMRI data from healthy young adults and measured large-scale functional connectivity patterns between regions distributed across the entire brain. We implemented graph theoretical analyses to quantify network organization during two tasks hypothesized to require different combinations of brain networks. During motor execution, segregation of distinct networks increased. Conversely, during working memory, integration across networks increased. These changes in network organization were related to better behavioral performance. These results underscore the human brain's ability to reconfigure network organization selectively and adaptively when confronted with changing cognitive demands to achieve an optimal balance between segregation and integration.
Apie tautosakos pabaigos pradžią (Šiuolaikinių folkloro ekspedicijų patirtys Donato Saukos tekstų paraštėse)
Authors: Ivanauskaitė-Šeibutienė Vita
Published: November 2016

Šis straipsnis skaitytinas kaip Donato Saukos darbų įtakos XX amžiaus antrosios pusės lietuvių folkloro rinkimui ir jo įžvalgų aktualumo XXI amžiaus pradžios folklorinės kultūros tyrimams refleksijos. Tautosakos pabaigos parafrazė pasirinkta kaip neabejotinai vienas ryškiausių XIX– XX amžių lietuvių folkloro rinkimo, skelbimo ir tyrinėjimų leitmotyvų. Didelius, sakytume, esminius ir neiš- vengiamus pokyčius pastarąjį dešimtmetį išgyvenančioje lietuvių folkloristikoje ypač stokojama naujas patirtis apibendrinančių, drąsesnius metodologinius žingsnius provokuojančių įžvalgų. D. Saukos darbai, nors tiesiogiai ir negausiai tepapildyti tradicinės kultūros kaitos elementų tyrimais, savo provokatyvumu bei savitomis tarpdalykinėmis paralelėmis padeda rastis minėtoms įžvalgoms. Pamąstymų, kuriuos norėtųsi šiame straipsnyje pristatyti iršiek tiek pavarijuoti, intencijos ir apmatai atėjo iš dviejų D. Saukos knygų, kurių pasirodymą skiria keli dešimtmečiai. Pirmasis – iš Tautosakos savitumo ir vertės (1970) – apie mūsų stovėjimą prieš tautosakos pabaigą. Antroji refleksija – apie sielų tyrimo dokumentiką kaip galimą šiuolaikinių folkloro ekspedicijų veiklos sritį – išskaityta naujajame Lietuvių tautosakos (2008) leidime. Tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai straipsnyje pasitelkiamos pastarojo dešimtmečio Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto folkloristų ekspedicijų įvairiose Lietuvos vietovėse patirtys ne kartą buvo analizuojamos įvairiuose, dažniausiai folkloristikos kontekstuose, tad detaliau prie jų apsistojama nebus, aktualesniu prioritetu šiame tekste laikant būtent D. Saukos folkloro tyrinėjimus.