bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney Disease Awareness and Knowledge Among Families and Pediatric Survivors of Severe Acute Kidney In
Authors: Vanderkolk Julia , Starr Michelle C.
Published: January 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in pediatric patients and is associated with poor outcomes including increased risk of chronic kidney disease. It is unknown whether pediatric AKI survivors and their families are aware of their AKI diagnosis and understand the associated risks. We are seeking to identify awareness and disease-specific knowledge among pediatric AKI survivors and their families.
Objectives: We hypothesize that pediatric AKI survivors and their families have a low awareness of their diagnosis and want more information about kidney health.
Design/Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of AKI awareness and knowledge in pediatric patients with KDIGO Stage II or III AKI and their families near the time of discharge from Riley Hospital for Children. Families answered questions on AKI diagnosis awareness and AKI knowledge using the Kidney Knowledge Survey (KiKS).
Results: Of 16 families included in this analysis, 75% were unaware they had experienced AKI and 94% were unaware they had a ‘problem with their kidneys’. Overall, the median AKI objective knowledge score was 60% (IQR: 31%, 69%). There was no difference in knowledge score between those that recognized their episode of AKI and those that did not. In total, 69% of families correctly defined AKI as when ‘your kidneys suddenly stop working well’. Most families recognized dehydration (56%) and infection (81%) as risk factors for AKI, however fewer recognized other risk factors such as ibuprofen use (31%). Only 38% of families reported that someone had discussed AKI during their admission, and 88% stated they wanted to learn more about AKI.
Conclusion: Most families of pediatric survivors of severe AKI were unaware that their child had AKI or problems with their kidneys. Many lacked understanding of AKI risk factors and knowledge of kidney health and desired more information.
A Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Ligand-Mediated PPARγ Transrepression
Authors: Ward Lauren , Konger Raymond , Koyama Sachiko , Vilseck Jonah Z.
Published: January 2024

Background and Hypothesis: PPARγ is a nuclear receptor expressed in most cells of the body and exerts metabolic function, including adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitization. This mechanism is termed transactivation, where ligand binding leads to transcription of target genes. However, PPARγ also has a transrepression activity, where ligand binding inhibits other transcriptional pathways, leading to regulation of the immune system. While the molecular mechanisms of transactivation are well understood, there is little research on the mechanisms of transrepression. Previous studies have implied that these activity states act independently and can be selected for in small molecule design campaigns, but this has yet to be accomplished. Therefore, the aim of this project was to investigate if distinct molecular interactions exist between PPARγ transactivation versus transrepression using a combined computational and structural biology approach.
Methods: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using the CHARMM molecular modeling software to produce 300 ns simulations of PPARγ-ligand complexes. Simulations were analyzed to identify potential protein-ligand interactions, and distances were measured between atoms of interest and compared.
Results: Although PPARγ’s binding site is large, structural analyses showed that most ligands remained near their initial starting position within the binding pocket throughout an MD simulation. Starting coordinates were taken from previously solved crystal structures or via manual docking based on molecular similarities. Four residues were identified to consistently interact with most of the ligands: Arg280, Ser342, Glu259, and Cys285. These residues differ from previously reported interactions associated with PPARγ transactivation.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that these residues may play a role in PPARγ transrepression, but these conclusions are preliminary and should be confirmed through further investigation. Future research would include performing replicate simulations and mutational analyses to further explore the involvement of these residues in PPARγ transrepression. Additional PPARγ ligands should also be explored.
Efficacy of Novel Bracing for Treating Sciatica and Cadaveric Dissection to Examine Excursion of the Sciatic Nerve
Authors: Callahan Kyle , Dellacqua Dale
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective:Sciatica affects nearly half of all Americans and can often become debilitating, leading to severe pain that can limit performing activities of daily living. Brace application has not been tried for alleviation of pain. In this study, we seek to find if a novel brace can decrease pain and decrease bothersome level of symptoms for those suffering from sciatica. In addition, this study utilizes a cadaveric dissection to understand how the sciatic nerve stretches and tensions upon lower limb manipulation.
Methods:Fourteen patients self-reported pain, functionality, and bothersome levels pre- and post-bracing. Excel’s data analysis tool was utilized to run statistical tests. One cadaver (2 lower limbs) was dissected, revealing the sciatic nerve at the hip and knee, while tibial nerve at the ankle. Excursion was measured utilizing a fixed pin and an initial distance, the leg manipulated, and final distance from pin measured. Ultimately, excursion was deemed final distance minus initial distance from the pin.
Results:The brace decreases Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, increases Patient Reported Outcomes, and decreases Sciatica Bothersome Indexes. There was a significant difference in VAS pre- versus post-brace values at initial and 7-day post-visit but not at 21- or 42-day postvisit. Sciatic nerve excursion was greatest at the ankle.
Conclusion and Potential Impact:Brace use decreases pain levels, increases functionality, and decreases bothersome level of symptoms. The distal nerve moves more upon manipulation and therefore is more prone to tensioning than the proximal nerve. Dissection data illustrates how the brace positions the limb in a way that promotes “detensioning” of the nerve, alleviating sciatica. More cadaver data is needed.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Hematoma Following Placement of Inflatable Penile Prosthetic: Safety of Perioperative Subcutaneous Heparin
Authors: Good Jacob , Bernie Helen
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: Patients undergoing inflatable penile prosthetic (IPP) surgery are at an increased risk for cardiovascular complications such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) following surgery due to pre-existing comorbidities associated with erectile dysfunction. The use of perioperative subcutaneous heparin (SqH) along with a surgical drain has been shown to be effective in preventing VTE in IPP patients, without increasing hematoma formation. Not all prosthetic surgeons utilize surgical drains postoperatively. In this study we aim to assess the safety and efficacy of perioperative SqH in preventing VTE in IPP patients without the use of a surgical drain.
Methods: This was a retrospective review from January 2021-July 2023 of patients who underwent IPP placement or explant and replacement at a single institution. Patient demographics, comorbidities, Caprini risk factor scores, VTE risk factors, and 90-day postoperative complications, including hematoma formation, were reviewed. Statistical analyses were performed comparing these variables in men who received SqH and those who did not.
Results: We reviewed data for 240 patients; 53% (n=127) received perioperative SqH. The incidence of VTE was 0.9% (1/113) in the non-SqH group, and no VTE was recorded in the group receiving SqH. There was no statistical significance in hematoma formation betweengroups (SqH 5.5% vs. non-SqH 6.2% p=.898). Beyond hypertension prevalence (SqH 74.8% vs. non-SqH 62.8% p=.045), there was no difference between comorbidities or Caprini risk factor scores (SqH 6.79 vs. non-SqH 6.82 p=.474) between groups (Table 1). 94% of thepatients in this study were considered high risk for VTE.
Conclusions: Perioperative SqH use without placement of a surgical drain was found to be safe and effective in preventing VTE in patients undergoing IPP surgery. There was no increased risk of hematoma formation or post-operative complications between the groups. Perioperative SqH should be considered in all patients undergoing IPP surgery.
Assessment of IL-9/IL-9R Expression and Therapeutic Effect of IL-9 Blockade in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Hailat Amir , Zhang Jilu , Kaplan Mark H.
Published: January 2024

Background and Hypothesis:IL-9 is a cytokine produced by TH9, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells. IL-9 acts on the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) and is primarily involved in parasitic immunity and allergic inflammation. IL-9 has anti-tumor effects in solid tumors such as melanoma. IL-9 also has pro-tumor effects in various cancer types, including lung cancer. Previous studies have shown that increased serum IL-9 in breast cancer patients correlates with tumor metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL9 signaling contributes to breast tumor metastasis and blocking IL-9 may have a therapeutic benefit in reducing metastasis.
Methods:Mice were orthotopically implanted with 4T1 breast tumor cells. Organs were harvested after 28 days. Total RNA was extracted and expression of IL-9/IL-9R and leukocyte markers were assessed. To test therapeutic effect of IL-9 blockade, tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-IL-9 monoclonal antibody (αIL-9). Tumor sizes were monitored every 4 days. On day 28, tumor tissue was harvested and weighed. Lung was also harvested and stained with H&E for metastasis analysis.
Results:Primary tumor growth was not altered by αIL-9. The effect of αIL-9 treatment on lung metastasis is pending pathological analysis. We further examined IL-9R to define how tumor burden alters expression of IL-9 and IL-9R across tissues. Lymphoid organs, such as the thymus, spleen, and inguinal lymph node (inguinal LN), exhibit high levels of IL-9R. Additionally, the small intestine is notably enriched with IL-9R. The thymus exhibited the highest IL-9 expression.
Conclusion and Future Directions:Although blockade of IL-9 did not impact tumor growth in this model, this will be examined in other models to confirm the findings. Further research is needed to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of αIL-9 with other established therapies. We observed that there is altered IL-9 and IL-9R expression in tumor bearing mice and the physiological significance of that finding remains to be determined.
Characterization of a Novel Mutation in the COPI Vesicle on Binding to Dilysine Motifs
Authors: Felipe Kimberly , Custer Sara , Androphy Elliot J.
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: The heptameric COPI coatomer complex is involved in the formation of vesicles and the intracellular trafficking of proteins between the Golgi and Endoplasmic Reticulum as well as throughout the cytoplasm. Members of the COPI complex bind dilysine motifs found in the C-terminal domain of the cargo protein, particularly KKxx or KxKxx. We generated a point mutation in the WD40 domain of the COPI alpha subunit (⍺-COP). We hypothesized that the E269V mutant ⍺-COP would not co-immunoprecipitate (co-IP) COPI cargo proteins terminating with a dilysine domain of KxKxx (Nucleolin and Stasimon/Tmem41b), but would bind cargo proteins terminating in KKxx (FLAGSyntaxin17). We predicted that a mutation in the ⍺-COP C-terminus, which impairs interaction with ε–COP, would not affect its ability to co-IP dilysine-containing cargo.
Experimental Design or Project Methods: HEK-293TT cells were transfected with Myctagged wild-type, E269V, and triple mutant (3X) ⍺-COP. The E269V ⍺-COP mutant has an amino acid change at position 269 from glutamic acid to valine. The triple ⍺-COP mutant has three amino acid changes that eliminate binding with the ε–COP COPI subunit. Transfected ⍺-COP was immunoprecipitated using magnetic anti-Myc beads. Endogenous Nucleolin was immunoprecipitated using magnetic Protein A beads conjugated to rabbit polyclonal anti- Nucleolin antibody. Western blots of inputs and immunoprecipitates of each experiment were conducted to determine the ability of ⍺-COP to co-IP C-terminal dilysine-containing proteins.
Results: Endogenous Nucleolin and Stasimon co-immunoprecipitated with WT and 3X ⍺-COP, but not E269V ⍺-COP.
Conclusions and Potential Impact: The inability of mutation E269V to co-IP dilysine proteins implies that the WD40 domain of the COPI ⍺-COP protein is required for binding to KxKxxterminating proteins, as typified by Nucleolin and Stasimon.The C-terminal 3X mutation shows that ε-COP is not necessary for dilysine recognition and implies that ⍺-COP directly binds to this KxKxx motif.
Microplastic Identification and Quantification in Biological Samples
Authors: Helms Kennedy , Gettis Kimberly , Hall Abigail , Christodoulides Alexei , Alves Nathan J.
Published: January 2024

Background 
The convenience and durability of plastics has made it a staple in the manufacturing industry, but without adequate recycling, these plastics are filling landfills at an alarming rate. This plastic waste is broken down into micro- and nano-plastics that have been found in both marine and terrestrial environments. The potential ramifications of accumulating plastic particles in the environment are of urgent attention as humans are exposed to these particles through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure. Due to the lack of consensus of the effect microplastics have on the coagulation cascade, our aim was to form clots under various conditions so that a comparison can be drawn. 
Methods 
We utilized varying sizes (500-2,000 nm) and concentrations (25-250 µg/ml) of non-functionalized polystyrene (nPS) microplastics to characterize their effect on clot size, strength, and anatomy using ex-vivo shear flow clot formation of human whole blood via a Chandler loop apparatus. Additionally, we studied the effect of fluorescent Nile red dye (NR, ex/em: 545/625 nm) on clotting dynamics and visualization of microplastic particles via fluorescence microscopy.  
Results 
Ex-vivo clots were made (422 s-1 shear at increasing nanoplastic concentrations), sectioned, and utilized for quantification optimization in histological processing to preserve plastic integrity and fluorescent signal. NR-dyed microplastics were shown to produce sufficient fluorescent signal for imaging. Images were taken at various magnifications (4x-40x) and exposure times (100µs-500ms) using brightfield and fluorescent microscopy (Cy3 filter) on a Nikon Eclipse Ni microscope and a Nikon DS-Ri2 Microscope camera. 
Potential Impacts 
These results highlight the need for further analysis of the effects of microplastics on the coagulation cascade, as well as further optimization of techniques used to identify and quantify microplastics in complex biological samples.
Trends in Thymic Epithelial Tumor Patients with Comorbid Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Anand Aneesha , Lavu Nikhitha , Kesler Kenneth A. , Loehrer Patrick J.
Published: January 2024

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies originating from the thymus in the anterior mediastinum. TETs include thymic carcinoma and thymoma. Approximately 30-40% of thymomas have associated autoimmune paraneoplastic disorders, the most common being myasthenia gravis. A broad range of other paraneoplastic syndromes have also been reported. Currently, little is known about demographic or histological trends in thymoma patients with comorbid autoimmune disease. In this single institution retrospective chart review, we assessed the distribution of thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes at the IU Simon Cancer Center (IUSCC) to identify trends within demographic and histological features. We created a database of IUSCC patients seen from 2000-2023 and identified 170 subjects with biopsy-proven malignant TET and associated autoimmune disease. Data was exported to excel and R for analysis. Factors analyzed included: age at diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, BMI, WHO (World Health Organization) classification, and Masaoka staging. Overall survival was also compared to matched controls without paraneoplastic syndrome. A total of 37 different paraneoplastic syndromes were identified in association with thymoma in IUSCC patients. The most prevalent was Myasthenia Gravis (110 patients), followed by Hypothyroidism (21 patients, 5 confirmed as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), Good Syndrome (19 patients), and Pure Red Cell Aplasia (15 patients). Significant findings included: 36.4% of patients with paraneoplastic comorbidity had >1 paraneoplastic syndrome, 51.8% presented with Stage IV disease, and 40.4% had WHO Type B2 tumor pathology, with Type B3 being second most common (25%). No significant demographic associations were identified. 10-year survival of TET patients with paraneoplastic syndromes was not significantly different from those without (p= 0.721). These results indicate potential associations between thymoma staging and grading and development of paraneoplastic disease. Further analysis with a larger data set is warranted. Serum and blood test analysis may also elucidate reasons behind the development of paraneoplastic disease in thymoma patients.
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis within the Pediatric Hereditary Polyposis Registry
Authors: Anderson Brendan , Zhang Tina
Published: January 2024

Background/Objective: 
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is a condition characterized by values exceeding hundreds of colorectal adenomatous polyps. FAP has a prevalence of 1 in 8,300 people, demonstrating an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. This condition follows a pathogenic variation of the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene, located on chromosome 5q21-22. These mutations are heavily correlated with the incidence of colorectal carcinoma, requiring prophylactic colectomy. The management and treatment of FAP requires routine surveillance to reduce gastrointestinal polyp burden. The objective for this study is to characterize the current patient population at Riley with polyposis syndromes and assess clinical surveillance in patients diagnosed with FAP. 
Methods: 
Historical data from 2020-2022 GI clinical visits were reviewed using the diagnostic codes Family history of colonic polyps, Benign neoplasm of colon unspecified, and Other phakomatoses not elsewhere classified. These criteria identified 93 patients of which 64 patients were diagnosed with a hereditary polyposis syndrome for inclusion within the registry. Of the 64 patients, 42 had a diagnosis of FAP. Clinical data reviewed included the patient’s age of diagnosis, completion of genetic testing and follow-up, surgical treatment, routine endoscopic surveillance, and modes of imaging. 
Results: 
Results indicated a median age of diagnosis of 10 years, lower than previously reported national averages of 13.5-17 years. Evaluation of routine follow-up indicated a rate of endoscopy at 0.822 scopes per year and demonstrated that abdominal CT scans as well as abdominal X-rays were the most common supplemental modes of imaging. 
Conclusion/ Future Directions: 
The data from this registry will help direct care of patients with FAP, ensuring they receive treatment in accordance with national guidelines for routine surveillance and prophylactic colectomy. Moving forward, the intention is to expand the registry's date range to incorporate more patients and elaborate further on endoscopic findings for the specific subtypes of FAP.
Spatially Anchored Molecular Neighborhoods in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Asthana Maansi , Ferreira Ricardo Melo , Gisch Debora L. , Cheng Ying-Hua , Eadon Michael T.
Published: January 2024

Background:
Lupus nephritis (LN) affects 1 in 3 individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus. Suboptimal treatment precipitates irreversible kidney damage, leading to end stage renal disease. Kidney damage in lupus is characterized by immune cells injuring epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cells. We characterized molecular neighborhoods composed of immune cells interacting with resident cells of the kidney through spatial transcriptomics (ST).
Methods:
Visium ST experiments were conducted in 8 healthy controls (233 glomeruli) and 3 LN samples (48 glomeruli). Cell type labels from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project single cell RNA-seq atlas were transferred to deconvolute ST spots into specific cell types. Using histology and NPHS2 expression, glomeruli were selected as functional tissue units. Data were normalized, dimensionally reduced, and clustered with Seurat v4. Spatially anchored gene signatures of LN were identified. Glomeruli were re-clustered according to cell composition, to identify associated neighborhoods by fisher’s exact test. We characterized the cell composition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and pathways of relevant neighborhoods.
Results:
Between LN and control glomeruli, we identified HSPA8, PLEK, COL1A2 DEGs, associated with hypoxia, fibrosis, and immune response. We identified glomerular neighborhoods consistent with immune complex deposition, endothelial dysfunction (e.g. wire loop lesions), and mesangial cell expansion enriched in LN (p<0.05). Immune complex-mediated injury neighborhoods were characterized by interferon signaling, endothelial cell migration, and vascular genesis, consistent with DEGs BST2, CXCL12, and ENG. Endothelial dysfunction neighborhoods present cellular adhesion, immune cell signaling, and hypoxic pathways. DEGs included ITGB2, HLA-DPB1, and EGR1. Pathways enriched in mesangial expansion neighborhoods included matrix adhesion, podocyte development, and ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, aligned with ITGB3, NPHS1, and APOE DEGs.
Conclusion/ Clinical Impact and Implications:
Neighborhood characterization provides insight into cell-cell interactions that drive kidney disease progression. Future directions will change how kidney biopsy specimens drive treatment by delineating specific cell-cell interactions, linking molecular and histopathological signatures, and defining genes associated with therapeutic resistance.
Effects of Social Determinants of Health on Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Ayub Jinan , De Laosa Mary , Bilinski Sarah , Chmiel James , Sanders Don B.
Published: January 2024

Background and Objective: 
Advances in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) with cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator modulators have improved morbidity and mortality, however, clinical outcomes vary among genetically similar patients due to contributions of social determinants of health (SDOH). Pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related diabetes (CFRD), Pseudomonas infections, and lower BMI increase risk of severe lung disease, measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). This project aims to identify socially vulnerable patients and evaluate the impact of SDOH on clinical outcomes. 
Methods: 
From January to July 2023, SDOH screeners were distributed to families of children with CF at Riley Hospital for Children, documenting transportation, housing, food insecurity, insurance, and medication costs. Clinical outcomes for each patient including FEV1% predicted, BMI/WFL percentile, CFRD, hospitalizations, respiratory infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pancreatic insufficiency within the past 12 months were recorded. Patients were categorized by SDOH vulnerability, and associations with poor clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Chi-squared test of independence. 
Results: 
A total of 193 screeners were analyzed: males represented 52.6% of the cohort, 2.60% identified as non-white race, and 3.65% reported Hispanic ethnicity. Overall, 51.8% screened positive for at least one SDOH (SDOH+) and 48.1% screened negative (SDOH-). The average FEV1% predicted decline among SDOH+ patients was 5.79% and 3.51% among SDOH- patients. SDOH+ patients were more likely to have at least a 5% decline in FEV1% predicted (p=0.037) and to be hospitalized due to exacerbations of CF lung disease at least once in the past 12 months (p=0.030). Although low BMI percentile, Pseudomonas infection, and CFRD were not significantly associated with SDOH, socially vulnerable patients demonstrated higher rates of these clinical outcomes. 
Conclusion and Clinical Implications: 
SDOH impact CF clinical outcomes. Screeners are effective in identifying socially vulnerable patients and serve as the first step in addressing unmet social needs.
Daya Saing Usaha Mikro Melalui Sertifkasi Produk Industri Rumah Tangga
Authors: Wardhani Dhiyan Krishna , Harumi Mellia , Kumolo B Louis Cahyo , Kristanti Agnes Indah Suciani , Wijaya Daniswara Agusta , Pratiwi Alberta Rika
Published: January 2024

Culinary is an important aspect of developing tourism destinations. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the support for food supply that are required to fulfill requirements to ensure consumer food safety by having a Home Industry Food Production Certificate (SPP-IRT). Efforts to fulfill product quality improvements can further increase the competitiveness of micro-business actors. The provisions or requirements for obtaining this permit often make it difficult for MSME players. This program aims to train and assist food MSMEs in obtaining SPP-IRT. The approach used is focus group discussions (FGD), tutorials, nutritional composition testing, and direct assistance in filling out the official IRT permit registration application issued by the government. The activity results showed that 56 food MSMEs who took part in the FGD had received training on good manufacturing practices, processing methods for processed products, and P-IRT ownership. Twelve MSME products already have documents on nutritional content and nutritional adequacy figures, and 13 MSMEs have succeeded in obtaining Home Industry Licensing Certificates, while the rest are still in the form of Business Identification Numbers (NIB), which is the identity that business actors need to have. The nutritional content and P-IRT number can be included on the packaging to gain consumer trust.
Perancangan Platform User Generated Content untuk Publikasi Sekolah inklusi
Authors: Junaedi Fajar , Sukmono Filosa Gita , Sudiwijaya Erwan , Arifianto Budi Dwi
Published: January 2024

The Muhammadiyah Gamping Special School (SLB) in Sleman is an inclusive school founded in 2012. The Muhammadiyah Gamping SLB was built to facilitate a place of learning for children who have deficiencies or disabilities. The problems faced by SLB Muhammadiyah Gamping are not yet known to the public and have never been reported by the media. In fact, inclusive schools are a necessity for some members of society. The solution to the problems faced by SLB Muhammadiyah Gamping is to develop publications about the school's work through mass media. The science and technology used in this service are user-generated content technology and digital journalism. Activities were carried out with digital journalism workshops and operational assistance for user-generated content. Sustainability means that the school can continue to write news after the service is completed. The implementation results exceeded the target with 28 news stories, from the initial target of 12 news stories for the SLB Muhammadiyah Gamping journalism brand.
Didactics of technical translation based on the industry thesaurus
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Gorbunov Yu. I. , Gorbunova O. Yu. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: January 2024

The paper is about the didactics of technical translation based on the thesaurus-type dictionaries on particular industries. The paper outlines the problems that arise in the process of translating scientific and technical terminology from French into Russian. The main focus is on modern methods of translation of foreign technical terminology on the basis of the thesaurus. In this regard, the authors present a technology for translating French automotive terms into Russian using a French-Russian automotive thesaurus. The methodological algorithm for technical translation includes didactic operations that provide the following: searching for a French technical term in the alphabetical index to the thesaurus in order to determine the addresses of semantic fields; sequential access to the semantic fields of the French technical term at the specified addresses in the thesaurus; the final choice of the Russian equivalent of a foreign technical term as a result of the analysis of its semantic fields taking into account the current context. Thesaurus technology used in the process of teaching special technical translation in the professional training of linguist-translators best contributes not only to the development of knowledge, skills, and translation experience that make up the professional competence of a linguist-translator, but to their effective application in the future professional activities. The main objective of this work is to increase the efficiency of training future translators through the development of their professional competence based on the thesaurus approach as a linguo-didactic tool. The thesaurus approach to the translation of technical texts is considered as a linguo-didactic tool for the formation of a translator’s professional competence.
The relationship between normative attitudes of sex-role behavior and gender identity among young people
Authors:   Donbass Agrarian Academy, Ryadinskaya E. N. , Volobuev V. V. ,   Donbass Agrarian Academy, Bogrova K. B. ,   Donbass Agrarian Academy
Published: January 2024

Against the background of changes in functions and meanings in gender and family relations in Russian society, there is a growing tendency to change traditionalist behavior norms to egalitarian ones. The objective of the research is to find out how widespread traditionalist or egalitarian views regarding male or female sex-role behavior are in the modern society, and to study the influence of such attitudes on gender identity of young people. The authors carried out an empirical study, during which they obtained data on the existence of a relationship between normative attitudes towards masculinity and femininity, on the one hand, and gender identity, on the other. In the group of girls, the study identified the relationships between the gender identity level and attitudes regarding female behavior, such as the importance of attractive appearance, the dependence, self-sufficiency in relations with men, and the final indicator. The authors noted that among young men, there was no dependence between gender identity and feminine attitudes, but there is a relationship between the gender identity level and masculine attitudes, such as fixation on achievements and the final indicator. For girls, the study did not find any statistically significant relationship between the gender identity level and the presence of similar attitudes towards men. The authors conclude that the female sex is more flexible in its ideas about the norms of behavior of men. For girls, it is more important to be eye-catching and self-sufficient in relationships than for boys.
Determination of the stress threshold and microstructural factors forming the nonlinear unloading effect of the ZK60 (MA14) magnesium alloy
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Danyuk A. V. , Merson D. L. ,   Togliatti State University, Brilevskiy A. I. ,   Togliatti State University, Afanasyev M. A. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: January 2024

Magnesium alloys are an ideal material for creating lightweight and durable modern transport systems, but their widespread use is limited due to some physical and chemical properties. This paper considers the effect of nonlinear elastic unloading of the MA14 (ZK60, Mg–5.4Zn–0.5Zr) magnesium alloy in a coarse-grained state after recrystallisation annealing. The study found that the nonlinearity of the unloading characteristic, is formed when reaching a certain threshold stress level. It is expected that the effect under the study is associated with the deformation behavior of the alloy, during which the twin structure formation according to the tensile twinning mechanism is observed. The sample material microstructure was determined, by scanning electron microscopy using electron backscattered diffraction analysis. Determination of the threshold stress, for the formation of unloading nonlinearity was carried out by two methods: 1) by the value of the loop area formed by the nonlinearity of the unloading mechanical characteristics and the repeated loading (mechanical hysteresis) characteristics, and 2) by analysing the acoustic emission recorded during failure strain. A comparison of the results obtained, allows suggesting that the unloading nonlinearity is caused by twinning in grains, in which an unfavorable configuration (low Schmidt factor), for dislocation slip is observed. Rotating the twinned crystal at an angle close to 90° does not contribute to an increase in the Schmidt factor and activation of dislocation slip systems to secure the deformed structure through the dislocation strengthening mechanism. With a subsequent decrease in the external stress, detwinning and partial restoration of the crystal lattice configuration occur.
Thermal stability of a submicrocrystalline structure formed by high-pressure torsion in Ni and Ni–2 % Cr alloy
Authors:   M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Karamyshev K. Yu.
Published: January 2024

The main problem of submicrocrystalline (SMC) materials formed as a result of large plastic deformation is their thermal stability. The large stored energy and the formation of strongly disordered microcrystallites in the structure lead to a decrease in the recrystallization onset temperature and, therefore, possibly decrease the structure stability. In the work, severe plastic deformation by high-pressure torsion and annealing of pure nickel and an alloy containing 2 at. % chromium were carried out. The structure of both deformed and annealed material was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The dependence of hardness on the square root of true strain and structure evolution were analyzed to identify the boundaries of the stages of structural states. The energy stored during deformation was estimated using differential scanning calorimetry by the amount of absorbed heat energy. The author studied the behaviour of materials during annealing depending on the stored strain energy at the SMC structure stage. Three stages of structural stats were identified in pure nickel: cellular, mixed, and SMC structure, while in the alloy containing 2 at. % chromium, a cellular structure stage was not detected. A decrease in the stored strain energy was found at the stage of the SMC structure for both materials. Alloying nickel with 2 at. % chromium increases its thermal stability, which increases the temperature when the grain growth becomes intensive by 150 °C. The amount of stored strain energy affects grain growth in the alloy containing 2 at. % chromium, whereas in pure nickel no effect was detected. In the Ni–Cr alloy, greater stored energy corresponds to larger recrystallized grain size.
Structure and micromechanical properties of SHS composites with a copper matrix: peculiarities of formation
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of RAS, Pugacheva N. B. , Bykova T. M. ,   Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of RAS, Senaeva E. I. ,   Institute of Engineering Science of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: January 2024

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is one of the promising methods for producing strong and wear-resistant composites. The use of copper as a matrix due to the unique combination of electrical and thermal conductivity is of particular interest. Monolithic SHS composites of the Cu–Ti–C–B and Cu–Ti–C systems are currently little studied. The information on the phase composition of such composites is contradictory, and data on micromechanical properties is practically absent. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the structure and micromechanical properties of composites of the Cu–Ti–C and Cu–Ti–C–B systems. It is found that the matrix of both composites is a copper-based solid solution supersaturated with titanium, in which nanosized Cu4Ti intermetallic compound particles precipitate upon cooling. TiC particles (Cu–Ti–C composite) and TiC and TiB2 particles (Cu–Ti–C–B composite) are the strengthening phases resulting from SHS. In the Cu–Ti–C–B composite, the original particles of unreacted B4C boron carbide were preserved, the microhardness of which was 3680 HV 0.1. The most ductile structural constituent in the Cu–Ti–B system composite is the Cu+Cu4Ti mechanical mixture, due to which further plastic deformation is possible to obtain parts of a given shape. During the study of micromechanical properties, the maximum strength indicators of HIT, HV, We, Re, HIT/E* were recorded in the Cu–Ti–C–B system composite, which allows expecting high wear resistance of products made of it.
Islam and Society 5.0 Era: Privacy between Husband and Wife in Review of Family Law Interpretation
Authors: Alghifari Abuzar
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the privacy between husband and wife in a marital relationship from the perspective of Islamic family law interpretation. This study aims to reveal the explanation of the Qur’an as the main source of Islamic law in privacy issues between husband and wife, especially in this social era 5.0. The method used in obtaining data is qualitative through literature studies, further analyzed by the content analysis method. The results of the study show that according to the perspective of the Qur’an, there is no longer any privacy between husband and wife. This is based on the interpretation of several verses, namely QS. al-Nisa’ [4]: 21 and 34, QS. al-Rum [30]: 21, and QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 187. Everything shows that the husband and wife are two people who have no privacy with each other. Thus, in this social era 5.0 where home life cannot be separated from technology, such as gadgets, smartphones, mobile phones, laptops, and so on, in which some things are private, such as communication, social media, mobile banking, and so on, then for husband and wife, this is not included in the category of privacy between each other (Accessing it does not fall under the nusyuz category). Thus, it is not worthy and inappropriate to be kept secret from the couple. In fact, keeping it secret seems like there is a problem and is an aberration.
Keywords: husband and wife, privacy, Society 5.0 Era
Integration of Religious and Social Values in the Development of the Indonesian Constitution Era 5.0
Authors: Rodiah Nur Efa , Mu'in Fathul
Published: January 2024

This study examines the inclusion of Islamic religious and social values in the development of the constitution in Indonesia because it is undeniable that the role of religion brought by the Prophet Muhammad is an inspiration for making laws in the country. The social values of the community or what is referred to as customary law are also integrated into positive law or the Indonesian constitution. This research uses a socio-legal approach. This study concludes that religious and social values of society enter National Law through adjustment to legal values and through system transplantation. The existence of Islamic Law in the Development of National Law identified that the paradigm of Pancasila in which the Islamic legal system is contained and the positivization of Islamic law into national law through several codifications and legal unification has been in the form of laws and regulations. Religious values and community customs are integrated into the constitution of Indonesia, which has the potential to continue to develop along with the times and technology.
Keywords: integration, religion, social, constitution
Environmental Ethics in Islam: Balancing Rights and Ecological Justice in Forest Management
Authors: Pane Erina , Yanis Adam
Published: January 2024

Environmental ethics in the perspective of Islam, position nature and God’s creation with honor and equality alongside humans. This aligns with the concept of social forestry, which aims to uplift impoverished communities and preserve forests. The balance between the two is necessary because social forestry is not only about land distribution but also about justice for communities to access welfare and achieve ecological justice. The dynamics of social forestry in Lampung strive to improve community well-being while ensuring forest sustainability. In conclusion, social forestry builds strategic ecological values that guarantee the sustainability of forest functions managed by communities. Social forestry in Lampung can succeed if policies and regulations provide legal certainty regarding community rights to forest land.
Keywords: community rights, ecological justice, environmental ethics
Siyasah Syar'iyah Analysis of the Alcohol Beverage Bill and its Relevance to Mui Fatwa No. 11 Of 2009 Concerning the Alcohol Law
Authors: Sobby Kesuma Arsyad , Desi Ananda Dea , Nur Janah Ilmi , Nila Titi
Published: January 2024

The reality is that alcoholic drinks are a tradition and a habit at events in certain areas, such as Sulawesi and West Sumatra. Therefore, Indonesia must pass a Bill on the prohibition of alcoholic beverages with the aim that Indonesian people understand the harm that occurs because of alcoholic beverages. The question that arises is how important is the Bill on the Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages both philosophically, sociologically, and normatively, and what is the relevance of the Bill on the Prohibition of Alcoholic Drinks to MUI Fatwa Number 11 of 2019 concerning Alcohol Law? This study aims to find out the importance of prohibiting alcoholic beverages, both philosophically, sociologically, and normatively in the form of laws and regulations, so it could apply legally and bind all the people. This study also wants to explore the relevance of the Legislation of the Law on the Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages with the MUI Fatwa Number 11 of 2019 concerning Alcohol Law. This study is a qualitative type in the form of literature research (library research), which discusses the harm of alcoholic beverages in a philosophical-historical review with a maqasid al-shari’ah approach. Siyasa a-Taymiyyah’s review of the prohibition of alcoholic beverages as well as the prohibition of khamr in the legal analogy process aims to; first, take benefit and eliminate harm. Second, the form of saad al-Dzari’ah, which is preventing loopholes to take actions that bring greater harm with the rule of dar’ul mafasid muqaddamun ’ala jalbil mashalih (preventing harm takes precedence over taking benefit). This is done to protect religion, soul, mind, lineage, and property. From this, it can be concluded that all drinks which cause harm, such as khamr, are punished as haram as khamr, because they have the same ’illat law.
Keywords: urgency, legislation, alcoholic beverages
The Convergence of Islamic Law and Technology in The Enforcement of Citizen's Constitutional Rights in The Era Society 5.0
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Wiwoho Jamal , . Isharyanto
Published: January 2024

Globalization spreading across life spheres, especially in the fields of science and technology, also affects the digitalization of law through media convergence. This digitalization of the law is not exempt from the interference of Internet users in the form of criticism, dissemination of cases or social and legal issues, as well as advice to governments or the legal system through social media platforms used by the public, either in a national or international scope. The influence of people’s opinions on the Internet through social media has been remarkable in recent times on the law enforcement ruling of a case. In few cases, the decision was made due to the pressure of internet citizens on social media. The purpose of this study is to describe the convergence of Islamic law and technology in enforcing the constitutional rights of citizens in the era of Society 5.0 as an effort to create democracy and enforcement of the law that is fair and transparent through independence and freedom to express opinions, as well as the right to share and receive information by citizens of the Internet in electronic media, social media, in particular. This research is qualitative with methods of Law approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The source of legal material used is secondary legal material, which is subsequently analyzed by deductive methods. The result of this study is that when society cannot be regulated primarily related to the use of social media, then the law can act as a law as a tool of social engineering.
Keywords: convergence, Islamic law, constitutional rights, era Society 5.0
Social criticism of Millennials in the democracy and Islamic Law perspectives
Authors: Hawari Nadirsah , Ikhwani Ahmad , Artalim Muntaha
Published: January 2024

Bima, who criticized the road conditions in Lampung through his Tiktok account, shocked the Indonesian virtual world. His reckless and resentful actions were taken because he thought that the Lampung authorities did not care about the existing conditions. This action sparked a polemic and drew attention to the Senayan palace and politician circles. For those who support it, this is a form of moral message and social criticism through digital platforms, while for those who reject it, they consider this action as slander, open disgrace, and violating legal and religious norms. Not long after, President Jokowi visited the location called Bima. Many people are grateful to Bima, because not long after the incident there were improvements and changes. Apart from that it sparked other announcers who criticized the development of their regions, such as those in Aceh, Jambi, North Sumatra, and Central Java. The main problem in this study is whether Bima’s style of social criticism is in accordance with democratic principles and Islamic legal norms? If they are considered contradictory, then what is the ethics of social criticism on the virtual stage under legal and religious norms? This research is descriptive and qualitative with interviews and documentation as data sources. Research has found that Article 45 Paragraph 3 of the ITE Law and Imam Nawawi’s views on ghibah mubahah are open spaces for millennials to express socio-political aspirations in both conventional and virtual contemporary spaces. Social criticism must prioritize good faith and methods and avoid hate speech and hoaxes so that the content delivered is easily accepted by others. Bima also set an example for those in power not to be surprised, to get used to criticism, to be tolerant, and to be kind-hearted. Lampung received billions in funding for road repairs.
Keywords: democracy, Islamic Law, millennials, social criticism
Challenges and Threats of Artificial Intelligence in Maqasid Sharia Perspective
Authors: . Lusiana , Harun Muhammd , Fathimah Ema , Indah Haryani Daulay Wasti
Published: January 2024

Human intelligence, also known as artificial intelligence (AI), is a system made through a computer system that can perform tasks like humans. It is growing rapidly with all the sophistication presented, and AI has mastered almost all sectors. However, the sophistication and all the innovations presented raise concerns for humans, especially for the future. AI for its users is very helpful by providing all the conveniences for humans with a low budget, more efficient time, etc., at the same time AI also has a very extraordinary impact on human life in various sectors. Because it is predicted that AI will replace human work, then what is the purpose of Islamic law (Maqasid sharia) regarding this phenomenon? Therefore, it is clear that the development of AI poses challenges and threats to human life. This study uses a phenomenological approach and a literature review by searching for data and information online related to the phenomenon of the challenges and threats of AI. By using descriptive and qualitative data„ it was found that the use of AI is used as a means to achieve benefits and that there is a need for supervision in its use and proper regulation so that all the results of AI can be accounted for.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, era 5.0, Maqasid Syariah