bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTENSION OF A PHASE TRANSFORMATION MODEL FOR PARTIAL HARDENING IN HOT STAMPING
Authors: HART-RAWUNG Thawin , BUHL Johannes , BAMBACH Markus
Published: September 2018

The quality of predicted microstructural and mechanical properties in hot stamping simulations relies considerably on the material model. Many researchers studied the effect of the plastic deformation on the phase transformation of the most commonly used hot stamping steel 22MnB5, and proved that the deformation applied at high temperature promotes the formation of ferrite, pearlite and bainite. This behaviour has to be integrated into materials modelling. In this study, the effect of pre-strain on the phase transformation of the material is considered. The specimens are heated to austenitization temperature, isothermally deformed at 700 °C, and quenched down to room temperature. The phase fractions and the temperature-dilatation behaviour obtained from the experiments are used to calibrate the material model. By using the experimental data obtained from dilatometer testing, the accuracy of the material model is evaluated. Additionally, an attempt to predict the results between the tested data points by using interpolation was made and compared with the simulation results.
The influence of number magnitude on continuous swiping movements
Authors: Fischer Ursula , Fischer Martin H. , Huber Stefan , Strauß Sarah , Moeller Korbinian
Published: September 2018

There is accumulating evidence that numerical information influences the way in which we perform bodily movements. Specifically, the idea that our cognitive representations of numbers and space interact is supported by systematic associations of space with both number magnitude (SNARC effect) and number parity (MARC effect). However, whether this influence is bound to the left or right side of space or to the hand with which we perform the movement remains debated. One novel and interesting way to disentangle these factors is to use movement responses in which hand and movement direction can be dissociated. In the present study, participants moved a central object to the left or right side on a touchscreen with their index fingers as response to a parity judgment and magnitude classification task. We observed significant SNARC effects in both tasks. Number magnitude and response direction interacted, but magnitude and response hand did not. This indicated that the SNARC effect can be independent of the responding hand. Importantly, however, a MARC effect was observed not only in an interaction between response direction and parity, but also in an interaction between response hand and parity, suggesting that response hand plays a role in the interaction between physical space and parity. Additionally, number magnitude influenced the amplitude of participants’ response movements, with larger numbers eliciting longer movements. These results indicate that space, magnitude and parity interact on different levels that can be unraveled in a paradigm utilizing continuous movements such as swiping.
Forord
Authors: Graf Stefan Ting , Albrechtsen Thomas
Published: September 2018

Learning Tech 2 har temaoverskriften “Læreplaner og it” og indeholder fem peer reviewed artikler, der undersøger og forholder sig til, hvilken rolle it har spillet i læreplaner gennem tiden, og hvordan it spiller en stadig større rolle i skolernes hverdag og generelt i måden at drive uddannelse på.
Udvikling af lærerens digitale kompetencer med iPad’en som læringsressource
Authors: Sørensen Birgitte Holm , Levinsen Karin Tweddell , Holm Madeleine Rygner
Published: September 2018

Denne artikel tager udgangspunkt i et forskningsprojekt på en dansk folkeskole i årene 2012-2015. Projektet handlede om implementeringen af iPads på begyndertrinnet, og artiklen præsenterer de tilknyttede læreres kompetenceudvikling i forhold til både digitale og didaktiske kompetencer. Artiklens formål er at beskrive og analysere, hvordan læreres kompetenceudvikling kan organiseres med udgangspunkt i iPad’en som læringsressource i et didaktisk perspektiv. Lærernes kompetenceudvikling er organiseret i en struktur, der tager udgangspunkt i specifikt udvalgte fokusområder fra undervisningen, som udvikles over kortere og længere perioder.
СЛОЈЕВИ ЗНАЧЕЊА И МОГУЋНОСТИ ТУМАЧЕЊА ПЈЕСНИЧКОГ ТЕКСТА НА ПРИМЈЕРУ ЦИКЛУСА ПЈЕСАМА ВАСКА ПОПЕ ВРАТИ МИ МОЈЕ КРПИЦЕ
Authors: Поповић Ранко
Published: September 2018

Рад представља демонстрацију читања поетичких знакова унутар једнеумјетничке цјелине, у овом случају унутар циклуса пјесама Васка Попе поднасловом Врати ми моје крпице из збирке Непочин-поље. Од карактеристичногнаслова, преко наглашених правилности у структури циклуса и збирке пјеса-ма, до комбиновања језичких јединица и говорних формула као особених зна-кова, а уз помоћ нумеролошке и графичке симболике, прате се трагови значе-ња који у укупном умјетничком резултату на нивоу циклуса пјесама остварујуи једну хомогену смисаону структуру.
ЋИРИЛИЦА С ЈОТОМ И ЈОТА У ЋИРИЛИЦИ
Authors: Чолаковић Вера
Published: September 2018

Рaд представља осврт на предвуковску и вуковску ћирилицу, као и питањеувођења јоте.
ПОСЛАНИЦА ПРАВОСЛАВНЕ ВЈЕРЕ, НАДЕ И ЉУБАВИ
Authors: Никитовић Зорица
Published: September 2018

Рад доказује да Лаза Лазаревић, у својоj антологијској приповијеци Првипут с оцем на јутрење, није сликао патријархалну већ православну породицучији живот, устројен духовним законима и благословом православне Цркве, ниу савременом времену није изгубио актуелност и снагу, односно исти је у свимвременима. У раду се у контексту православне традиције (а не психолошке илисоциолошке парадигме) сагледава тематска раван новеле која је саткана одстожерних појмова православља као што су: љубав, вјера, нада, гријех, покајањеи брак као света Tајна. Тумачењем, које је у методолошком погледу базиранона Новом завјету и дјелима Светих Отаца, показујемо да православни мотивизаслужују, ако не афирмацију, коју су им својим књижевним опусом обезбије-дили одређени писци српске књижевности, међу којима је и Лаза Лазаревић,онда бар равноправан статус са постојећим моделима анализе. Ако ни због чегадругог, оно због научне истине и старине православних изворишта.
ПОРЕЂЕЊЕ КАО НАЧЕЛО ТУМАЧЕЊА КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ
Authors: Поповић Ранко
Published: September 2018

Рад се темељи на сагледавању стилског механизма поређења у смиса-оном обиму знатно већем од онога који обично нуди теорија фигура. Наи-ме, поређење се ставља у контекст аналошког принципа мишљења, каоједног од основних принципа човјекове рационалне перцепције и себе исвијета око себе. Затим се поредбена фигурација разматра као основтеоријских поставки универзалне аналогије и објективног корелатива, пре-ко којих је веома често могуће аналитички предочити умјетничко дјеловањекњижевног текста, а да то тумачу (наставнику) буде инспиративно, а чита-оцу (ученику) доступно и убједљиво.
ТИПОВИ ЛОКАЛИЗОВАЊА КЊИЖЕВНИХ ТЕКСТОВА У ЧИТАНКАМА
Authors: Мркаљ Зона
Published: September 2018

Локализовање се, као значајна методичка радња, у настави активирана више различитих начина, не само као активност која погодује заснивањуспољашњег приступа приликом тумачења књи жевноуметничког текста,већ и као фактор здруживања методичких поступака и радњи приликомформирања наставне интерпретације. Циљ овог рада је да истакне сложе-ност локализовања, издвоји његове различите видове и да, помоћу приме-ра, укаже на постојање различитих типова локализовања у читанкама застарије разреде основне школе у Републици Србији, као и на могућнострастреситог кориш ћења ове методичке радње током наставног часа.
СРПСКА КЊИЖЕВНОСТ У ИСТОРИЈАМА СРПСКЕ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ
Authors: Певуља Душко
Published: September 2018

У раду се назначавају могући правци елаборације насловом предоченекомплексне теме. Аутор је усредсређен на освјетљавање почетака историјесрпске књижевности, првих модела књижевноисторијског приказивања те кон-цепција на којима израстају прве те најзначајније књижевноисторијске синтезеу српској науци о књижевности. Посебан интерес исказан је за корпус српскекњижевности у историјама српске књижевности и на чиниоце који су утицалина његово дефинисање. У аналитички видокруг издвојене су књижевне истори-је Стојана Новаковића, Јована Скерлића, Павла Поповића и Јована Деретића.У домену књижевне историографије наглашен је значај истраживања ПетраМилосављевића.
НЕДОУМИЦЕ У ПИСАЊУ ИЈЕКАВСКИХ РЕФЛЕКСА ЈАТА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Козомара Драгомир
Published: September 2018

Већ одавно је потврђено да је глас јат уопште најсложеније питање које секроз историју појавило у језику. У овом раду анализирају се неки континуантијата у ијекавској књижевној варијанти српског језика који стварају потешкоће уписању не само ученицима него и онима који се активно баве проучавањем срп-ског језика, а број таквих континуаната изузетно је велик. Циљ рада је да се ука-же на недосљедности у нормирању, непотребне дублете, те поједина правописнарјешења која не наилазе на пријем у свакодневној употреби. На крају, дају сенеке препоруке за евентуалне измјене у постојећој нормативној литератури.
КРАЉЕВИЋ МАРКО ПО ДРУГИ ПУТ МЕЂУ ЂАЦИМА
Authors: Митровић Борјан
Published: September 2018

У овом раду биће предочен модел часа на којем би се обрађивао слојевитии контрадикторни лик Краљевића Марка у српској народној књижевности.Циљ рада је да се потакне реактивирање тематског круга пјесама о Марку Кра-љевићу у настави српског језика и књижевности, те да се, на одређен начин,ученици упознају и са старијим слојевима српске народне епике који су у пот-пуности изузети из наставног програма.
СВЕТОСАВСКА СВЕТЛОСТ
Authors: Летић Бранко
Published: September 2018

СИМВОЛИ СВЕТЛОСТИ. Свети Сава је прва светлост наша – српска, на-ционална. У њој су сабрани зраци највећих светлосних извора:Свемогућег Творца, који је светлом разлученим од таме учинио ви-дљивим створени свет; Прометеја, који је украденом ватром од боговапросветлио људски род у земаљској долини плача; Исуса Христа, који јеРечју Божијом открио тајни свет створен Светим Духом; Ћирила и Ме-тодија, који су божанственим књигама обасјали Словене, „један нови на-род” на светској позорници. Том светлошћу је и наш Свети Сава извео изтаме своје отачаство на размеђи Истока и Запада, и свој род, с препозна-тљивим културним идентитетом, увео у изабране народе књиге, којим јеРеч Божија била светлосни „мач” и јеванђељско сведочење да је „вера–оклоп, љубав–штит, а крст–оружје”. Још су први словенски апостолиопомињали: „народи који књига немају / Не могу се борити без тогаоружја.”
ХРОНИКА ДРУШТВА
Authors: Чолаковић Вера
Published: September 2018

Друштво наставника српског језика и књижевности РепубликеСрпске је струковна организација чији су чланови наставницисрпског језика и књижевности на свим нивоима образовања –од наставника који српски језик предају у разредној и предметној наста-ви у основним школама, затим средњим школама, до професора уни-верзитета. Програм рада Друштва односи се прије свега на унапређењенаставе српског језика, на стручно усавршавање наставника српског је-зика како на теоријско-методолошком, тако и на методичком плану.
СМИЈЕХ ПЕТРА КОЧИЋА
Authors: Максимовић Горан
Published: September 2018

Природа смијешног у дјелу Петра Кочића (1877–1916) сагледана је напримјерима из једночинке Јазавац пред судом, као и на примјерима из циклусаприповједака о Симеуну Ђаку. Кроз анализу комичних ситуација, комичнихкарактера јунака, као и кроз језичка средства комичног, указано је на сатирич-ку и хумористичку природу Кочићевог смијеха. Сатирички смијех је изразитоопор и заједљив, а усмјерен је на критику аустријске управе у Босни, те поли-тичку, социјалну и националну обесправљеност српског народа. Хумористич-ки смијех представља преплет комичног са трагичким осјећањем и спознајомстварности. У закључку је указано на чињеницу да је Кочићев смијех, упркосгромогласној снази, дубоко прожет меланхолијом и сјетом, која указује на те-гобну судбину српског народа у Босни и Херцеговини у доба аустријске окупа-ције.
ТУМАЧЕЊЕ ДИСОВЕ НИРВАНЕ У КОНТЕКСТУ ЦИКЛУСА ТИШИНЕ
Authors: Говедар Нина
Published: September 2018

У овом раду циљ нам је освијетлити могућности тумачења пјесме НирванаВладислава Петковића Диса у контексту циклуса Тишине, којем припада. Буду-ћи да је за читав циклус карактеристична специфична атмосфера, те да разви-јена мотивско-тематска структура повезује све пјесме унутар циклуса, показа-ћемо како тумачење наведене пјесме на основу иманентних поетичких одликацјелокупног циклуса може имати своју примјену у наставној пракси и омогу-ћити квалитетније и свеобухватније тумачење како саме Нирване, која је пред-виђена наставним програмом, тако и укупног Дисовог стваралаштва.
ЖИВЕТИ И СЛУЖИТИ
Authors: Августин Владика
Published: September 2018

Хтео бих да после нашег сусрета у вама остане нешто важно. На-равно, један сусрет је мало. Али, није бољи онај ко више зна већко боље зна. Ко јасно мисли, тај јасно и излаже. Морам да кажемда сам ја тек сада у овим својим годинама (72) почео да разумевам нештоо свом животу. Постоје неки суштински моменти које, ако вас родитељинису научили до школе, касније више не можете научити. Међутим, виучите дванаест година у школи, због чега? Затим на факултетима студи-рате пет или шест година. То је већ осамнаест година, осамнаест годинаживота. И ви ћете се усавршавати, сваке године бивати све стручнији, исве време ћете се бавити професионалном делатношћу. Данас постојивелики број најстручнијих професионалаца. Шта је проблем? Сви се бавесвојом професионалном делатношћу, а нико се не бави једном важномствари – нико се не бави формирањем типа личности.
Does Competitiveness have Anything to do With People?
Authors: Pavlovic Dejana , Obradovic Tijana , Bjelica Dragan
Published: September 2018

Research Question: Improvement of the educational system facilitate the access to labour market and affect the stability, and affect the competitiveness index. On the other hand, the country with a high score of GCI have a better educational system and more stable labour market. Motivation: Our goal was to investigate how important it is for a country to have educated people and how difficult it is to achieve the high rank in labour market efficiency without them. Results of the previous studies showed that a higher education is connected with the labor market. According to this statement in the paper we analyzed two indicators the Higher education and training and Labor market efficiency and their influence on the competitiveness score of the countries. Idea: The main idea was to analyzed how the Higher education and training and Labor market efficiency on the competitiveness score of the country. Data: The data were collected from The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016. We analysed the influence of Higher Education and Training pillar and Labour Market Efficiency pillar on the overall rankings of 15 top competitiveness countries and 10 Balkan countries. Tools: In the paper we used correlation, clustering, and regression analysis. Firstly, we compared the GCI 2015-2016 and the GCI 2014-2015. Secondly, we did cluster analysis between influential indicators in higher education and training pillar (pillar 5) and for Labour market efficiency pillar (pillar 7) to identify difference between top 15 and Balkan region countries. Regression analysis has been performed to determine the most influential indicators on GCI in pillar 5 and pillar 7. Findings: The most important result is that the human resource development and market demands for competences affect the development of the country's economy. Contribution: Results may have important implications for labor market efficiency and strategic national labor market framework development.
Broadband Koch Fractal Boundary Printed Slot Antenna for ISM Band Applications
Authors: Reddy V. V.
Published: September 2018

A new broadband radiating slot antenna with fractal shape is modeled, fabricated and experimentally studied. The presented slot antenna is examined for first three iterations. Optimization of iteration factor (IF) and iteration angle (IA) have been done for each iteration order (IO) to enhance impedance bandwidth significantly. All the antennas are fed with a simple microstrip line. Bandwidth achieved with Antenna 1 (IO=1, IF=0.35 and IA=600) is 1550 MHz which is five times more than that of the square slot antenna. The performance of the proposed fractal slots is also compared with the rotated slot antenna.  The experimental data validates the reported analysis with a close agreement.
Dietary diversity is inversely correlated with pre-pregnancy body mass index among women in a Michigan pregnancy cohort
Authors: Kornatowski Breanna M. , Comstock Sarah S.
Published: September 2018

Background

During pregnancy, healthy maternal body weight and a nutritionally complete diet provide a favorable environment for fetal development. Yet nearly two-thirds of women of reproductive age in the United States (US) are either overweight or obese. The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between a measure of dietary diversity and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of women enrolled in a US pregnancy cohort.

Methods

Dietary data was obtained from one 24-hour dietary recall collected during the third trimester of pregnancy (n = 40). Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and height self-reported by survey at the time of enrollment. Using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, dietary data was categorized and scored.

Results

Overall, 35% of participants did not achieve minimum dietary diversity (MDD-W ≥5). In addition, 45% of participants were obese, 35% were normal weight and 20% were overweight. Women with higher BMI had lower MDD-W scores than women with lower BMI (p < 0.05). The median MDD-W for both normal and overweight women was ≥5 indicating that normal and overweight pregnant women tended to consume a diet that was high in micronutrients. Conversely, the median MDD-W for obese women was below 5 meaning these women tended to consume a diet that was low in micronutrient density. The most commonly consumed food group was grain. In addition, 75% of all participants consumed sweetened drinks. Individuals with an MDD-W score ≥5, were more likely to have consumed dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin A-rich fruits or vegetables, other vegetables and other fruits than those with MDD-W scores <5.

Discussion

In this study, we show that a food group diversity indicator that has been shown to reflect adequacy of micronutrient intake in populations from less economically developed countries may also be informative in US populations. Furthermore, these results reflect the importance of encouraging all pregnant women with less varied diets to consume more fruits and vegetables.
Disproportionate feedback interactions govern cell‐type specific proliferation in mammalian cells
Authors: Sengupta Dola , Kompella Vijay P. S. , Kar Sandip
Published: September 2018

In mammalian cells, the decision to maintain quiescence over proliferation commitment during G1‐S transition depends on more than one intertwined feedback interaction and is highly cell‐type dependent. However, the precise role played by these individual feedback regulations in organizing such diverse proliferation dynamics is still poorly understood. Herein, we propose a predictive mathematical model of G1‐S transition in mammalian cells that reconciles distinct single‐cell experimental observations in a cell‐type specific manner. The model analysis reveals that the feedback motifs responsible for the G1‐S transition act in a disparate fashion to organize the cell‐type specific proliferation response. Importantly, the proposed model can be effectively tuned to gain insights into the proliferation commitment of diverse mammalian cell types and can find wide applicability.
Identification of tyrosine autophosphorylation sites of Arabidopsis MEKK1 and their involvement in the regulation of kinase activity
Authors: Matsuoka Daisuke , Furuya Tomoyuki , Iwasaki Tetsushi , Nanmori Takashi
Published: September 2018

The MEKK1 kinase is a key regulator of stress signaling in Arabidopsis; however, little is known about the regulation of its kinase activity. Here, we found that recombinant MEKK1, expressed in both mammalian HEK293 cells and Escherichia coli, shows a mobility shift in SDS‐PAGE, and immunoblotting detected phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. N‐terminal deletions, site‐directed mutagenesis, and protein phosphatase treatment revealed that the mobility shift results from autophosphorylation of the kinase domain. We identified the tyrosine autophosphorylation sites in the N‐terminal region of MEKK1. Tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations decrease phosphorylation of the substrate MKK1, suggesting the important role of this residue in the regulation of MEKK1 kinase activity. The present study is the first to show that plant MAPKKKs are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
Daidzein, its effects on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Das Dibyendu , Sarkar Sanjib , Bordoloi Jijnasa , Wann Sawlang Borsingh , Kalita Jatin , Manna Prasenjit
Published: September 2018

Over the last decades, the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing substantially. Emerging evidences from epidemiological studies have shown the association between higher intake of soy isoflavones and reduced risk of T2D and its associated health risks. Daidzein, a soy isoflavone, has been found to have a promising therapeutic potential in managing T2D pathophysiology. Fermented soybean is the major source of daidzein; however, it can also be formed via the consumption of its glycosylated moiety, daidzin with subsequent hydrolysis by intestinal bacterial enzyme. Many studies reported the prophylactic effect of daidzein on the improvement of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dislipidemia, obesity, inflammation, and other complications associated with T2D. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of daidzein include diverged pathways where daidzein has been shown to interact with several signaling molecules and receptors to achieve desirable effect. Although the specific molecular mechanism is still elusive, further studies are thus needed to understand it in detail. In this review, we discuss the antidiabetic potential of daidzein with respect to the evidences from various clinical, preclinical, and cell culture studies and the underlying molecular mechanism in a precise way to have a comprehensive account on this isoflavone with promising therapeutic potential. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5):407–417, 2018
Bioinspired Multi‐Activities 4D Printing Objects: A New Approach Toward Complex Tissue Engineering
Authors: Devillard Chloé D. , Mandon Céline A. , Lambert Simon A. , Blum Loïc J. , Marquette Christophe A.
Published: September 2018

4D printing is an innovative approach which might in a near future lead to the achievement of highly complex smart materials. The authors describe a new strategy for the achievement of 4D printed objects with multiple biological activities. These activities are generated through the entrapment, during 3D printing, of two distinct enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and thrombin). These two enzymes give then the ability to the 4D printed object to generate bioactivities useful for in vitro tissue engineering. Indeed, it is shown that the entrapped alkaline phosphatase enables the localized and pre‐programmed calcification of some 3D object parts while the diffusion of thrombin from the object permits the formation of fibrin biofilm (including living cells) directly at the surface of 3D object. Both activities and enzyme behavior within the 4D printed hydrogel are characterized through enzymatic measurements, microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cell seeding.
Predicting the risk for aberrant opioid use behavior in patients receiving outpatient supportive care consultation at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Edwards Tonya , Arthur Joseph A. , Lu Zhanni , Najera John , Nguyen Kristy , Manju Joy , Kuriakose Leela , Wu Jimin , Liu Diane , Williams Janet L. , Reddy Suresh K. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Opioid misuse is a growing crisis. Patients with cancer who are at risk of aberrant drug behaviors are frequently underdiagnosed. The primary objective of this study was to determine the frequency and factors predicting a risk for aberrant opioid and drug use behaviors (ADB) among patients who received an outpatient supportive care consultation at a comprehensive cancer center. In addition, the screening performance of the Cut Down‐Annoyed‐Guilty‐Eye Opener (CAGE) questionnaire adapted to include drug use (CAGE‐AID) was compared with that of the 14‐item Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients With Pain (SOAPP‐14) tool as instruments for identifying patients at risk for ADB.

METHODS

In total, 751 consecutive patients with cancer who were referred to a supportive care clinic were reviewed. Patients were eligible if they had diagnosis of cancer and had received opioids for pain for at least 1 week. All patients were assessed using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), the SOAPP‐14, and the CAGE‐AID. SOAPP scores ≥7 (SOAPP‐positive) were used to identify patients who were at risk of ADB.

RESULTS

Among the 729 of 751 (97%) evaluable consults, 143 (19.6%) were SOAPP‐positive, and 73 (10.5%) were CAGE‐AID–positive. Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds ratio of a positive SOAPP score was 2.3 for patients who had positive CAGE‐AID scores (P < .0001), 2.08 for men (P = .0013), 1.10 per point for ESAS pain (P = .014), 1.13 per point for ESAS anxiety (P = .0015), and 1.09 per point for ESAS financial distress (P = .012). A CAGE‐AID cutoff score of 1 in 4 had 43.3% sensitivity and 90.93% specificity for screening patients with a high risk of ADB.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results indicate a high frequency of an elevated risk of ADB among patients with cancer. Men and patients who have anxiety, financial distress, and a prior history of alcoholism/illicit drug use are at increased risk of ADB.
Plate Design for and Cherry Picking of Bacterial RNAi Clones for Systematic Error Detection in High‐Throughput Caenorhabditis elegans RNAi Screens
Authors: Jagadeesan Sakthimala , Hakkim Abdul
Published: September 2018

Automated or semi‐automated high‐throughput RNAi screens are highly prone to systematic errors because of multistep repetitive protocols and extensive use of automated instruments. A well‐designed RNAi library can help detect and minimize systematic human and robotic errors. In this unit, we describe how to design an RNAi bacterial library for use in conjunction with the well‐studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for automated phenotypic screens. We provide strategies to design and assemble RNAi libraries to reduce or eliminate systematic errors. These strategies serve as a good quality‐control check and facilitate obtaining high‐quality data from a genome‐wide and sub‐library RNAi screen. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interface‐Engineered Li7La3Zr2O12‐Based Garnet Solid Electrolytes with Suppressed Li‐Dendrite Formation and Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Zhang Zhaoshuai , Zhang Long , Liu Yanyan , Wang Hongqiang , Yu Chuang , Zeng Hong , Wang Li‐min , Xu Bo
Published: September 2018

High grain‐boundary resistance, Li‐dendrite formation, and electrode/Li interfacial resistance are three major issues facing garnet‐based solid electrolytes. Herein, interfacial architecture engineering by incorporating 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMP‐TFSI) ionic liquid into a garnet oxide is proposed. The “soft” continuous BMP‐TFSI coating with no added Li salt generates a conducting network facilitating Li+ transport and thus changes the ion conduction mode from point contacts to face contacts. The compacted microstructure suppresses Li‐dendrite growth and shows good interfacial compatibility and interfacial wettability toward Li metal. Along with a broad electrochemical window larger than 5.5 V and an Li+ transference number that practically reaches unity, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li and LiFePO4/Li solid‐state batteries with the hybrid solid electrolyte exhibit superior cycling stability and low polarization, comparable to those with commercial liquid electrolytes, and excellent rate capability that is better than those of Li‐salt‐based ionic‐liquid electrolytes.
Can synthetic urine replace authentic urine to “beat” workplace drug testing?
Authors: Kim Victor J. , Okano Catherine K. , Osborne Caroline R. , Frank Deanna M. , Meana Christopher T. , Castaneto Marisol S.
Published: September 2018

Synthetic urine (SU), which was primarily utilized by drug testing laboratories as a matrix for quality control preparations, is now commercially sold and can be used to “fool” a positive drug test. To determine if SU can pass as authentic urine, we challenged Army urine drug testing specimen accessioning and testing procedures using eight different commercial SU products. Adulteration (Sciteck AdultaCheck® 6) and Onsite SU (Synthetic UrineCheck™) test strips were also evaluated. Five of the eight SU were identified by physical observation. All SU products screened negative in the drug immunoassay and additionally passed the specimen validity testing (SVT) as authentic urine. Furthermore, SU was not detected as adulterated with the adulteration test strips (Sciteck AdultaCheck® 6) but was successfully detected as SU with the On‐site synthetic urine (Synthetic UrineCheck™). To deter SU use, direct observation, as utilized by the military, may be recommended during the collection process.
Software to facilitate and streamline camera trap data management: A review
Authors: Young Stuart , Rode‐Margono Johanna , Amin Rajan
Published: September 2018

Improving technology and increasing affordability mean that camera trapping—the use of remotely triggered cameras to photograph wildlife—is becoming an increasingly common tool in the monitoring and conservation of wild populations. Each camera trap study generates a vast amount of data, which need to be processed and labeled before analysis. Traditionally, processing camera trap data has been performed manually by entering data into a spreadsheet. This is time‐consuming, prone to human error, and data management may be inconsistent between projects, hindering collaboration. Recently, several programs have become available to facilitate and quicken data processing. Here, we review available software and assess their ability to better standardize camera trap data management and facilitate data sharing and collaboration. To identify available software for camera trap data management, we used internet searches and contacted researchers and practitioners working on large camera trap projects, as well as software developers. We tested all available programs against a range of software characteristics in addition to their ability to record a suite of important data variables extracted from images. We identified and reviewed 12 available programs for the management of camera trap data. These ranged from simple software assisting with the extraction of metadata from an image, through to comprehensive programs that facilitate data entry and analysis. Many of the programs tested were developed for use on specific studies and so do not cover all possible software or data collection requirements that different projects may have. We highlight the importance of a standardized software solution for camera trap data management. This approach would allow all possible data to be collected, enabling researchers to share data and contribute to other studies, as well as facilitating multi‐project comparisons. By standardizing camera trap data collection and management in this way, future studies would be better placed to guide conservation policy on a global level.
Determination of kinetic parameters of redox reactions using CE‐ICP‐MS: A case study for the reduction of Np(V) by hydroxylamine hydrochloride
Authors: Willberger Christian , Amayri Samer , Reich Tobias
Published: September 2018

The rate constants k of the reduction of 5 × 10–5 M Np(V) to Np(IV) by hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HAHCl) in 1 M HCl have been determined by CE‐ICP‐MS in the temperature range of ϑ = 30–70°C and with varying concentrations of HAHCl from 1 to 7.2 M. The reaction was found to have (pseudo)first order kinetics with respect to HAHCl. The experimental results for k ranged from 0.0029(1) min−1 (ϑ = 40°C, c(HAHCl) = 3 M) to 0.039(7) min−1 (ϑ = 60°C, c(HAHCl) = 7.2 M). The activation energy of the reaction was determined as EA = (72 ± 10) kJ/mol. These results and a comparison with literature data show that the coupling of CE to ICP‐MS provides a powerful analytical tool for the investigation of the kinetic aspects of redox reactions of actinides at low concentrations. On the basis of this proof‐of‐principle study, the method presented here can be extended to the investigation of the kinetic parameters of other redox systems containing different actinides (or transition metals) and oxidants/reductants.
Beach recovery from extreme storm activity during the 2013–14 winter along the Atlantic coast of Europe
Authors: Dodet Guillaume , Castelle Bruno , Masselink Gerd , Scott Timothy , Davidson Mark , Floc'h France , Jackson Derek , Suanez Serge
Published: September 2018

The storm sequence of the 2013–14 winter left many beaches along the Atlantic coast of Europe in their most eroded state for decades. Understanding how beaches recover from such extreme events is essential for coastal managers, especially in light of potential regional increases in storminess due to climate change. Here we analyse a unique dataset of decadal beach morphological changes along the west coast of Europe to investigate the post‐2013–14 winter recovery. We show that the recovery signature is site specific and multi‐annual, with one studied beach fully recovered after 2 years, and the others only partially recovered after 4 years. During the recovery phase, winter waves primarily control the timescales of beach recovery, as energetic winter conditions stall the recovery process whereas moderate winter conditions accelerate it. This inter‐annual variability is well correlated with climate indices. On exposed beaches, an equilibrium model showed significant skill in reproducing the post‐storm recovery and thus can be used to investigate the recovery process in more detail. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
School gardening increases knowledge of primary school children on edible plants and preference for vegetables
Authors: Leuven Jasper R. F. W. , Rutenfrans Annerie H. M. , Dolfing Alexander G. , Leuven Rob S. E. W.
Published: September 2018

At least 10% of children worldwide are diagnosed with overweight. Part of this problem is attributed to low vegetable intake, for which preference at a younger age is an indicator. Few studies examined long‐term effects of school garden interventions on the knowledge about and preference for vegetables. Therefore, in this study, an intervention period of 7 months (17 lessons) was organized for primary school students (n = 150) of age 10–12 years in the Municipality of Nijmegen (the Netherlands). Surveys were conducted before and after the intervention period to test the ability of students to identify vegetables, to measure their self‐reported preference for vegetables, and to analyze students’ attitudes toward statements about gardening, cooking, and outdoor activity. The long‐term effects were measured by repeating the survey 1 year after the intervention (n = 52). Results were compared with a control group of students (n = 65) with similar background and tested for significance with α = 0.05. School gardening significantly increases the knowledge of primary schoolchildren on 10 vegetables as well as their ability to self‐report preference for the vegetables. The short‐term (n = 106) and long‐term (n = 52) preference for vegetables increased (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. The latter did not show a significant learning effect (p > 0.05). This implies that the exposure to vegetables generated by school gardening programs may increase willingness to taste and daily intake of vegetables on the long term. Students’ attitudes toward gardening, cooking, and outdoor activity were unaffected by the intervention.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Is a Pro‐Recovery Mediator During Acute Hepatotoxic Damage and Mirrors Severe Shifts in Kupffer Cells
Authors: Duarte Nádia , Coelho Inês , Holovanchuk Denys , Inês Almeida Joana , Penha‐Gonçalves Carlos , Paula Macedo Maria
Published: September 2018

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4 or clusters of differentiation [CD]26) is a multifunctional molecule with established roles in metabolism. Pharmacologic inhibition of DPP‐4 is widely used to improve glycemic control through regulation of the incretin effect. Colaterally, CD26/DPP‐4 inhibition appears to be beneficial in many inflammatory conditions, namely in delaying progression of liver pathology. Nevertheless, the exact implications of CD26/DPP‐4 enzymatic activity in liver dysfunction remain unclear. In this work, we investigated the involvement of CD26/DPP‐4 in experimental mouse models of induced hepatocyte damage that severely impact Kupffer cell (KC) populations. Liver dysfunction was evaluated in CD26 knockout (KO) and B6 wild‐type mice during acute liver damage induced by acetaminophen, chronic liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride, and KC‐depleting treatment with clodronate‐loaded liposomes. We found that necrosis resolution after hepatotoxic injury was delayed in CD26KO mice and in B6 mice treated with the CD26/DPP‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin, suggesting that DPP‐4 enzymatic activity plays a role in recovering from acute liver damage. Interestingly, the severe KC population reduction in acute and chronic liver injury was concomitant with increased CD26/DPP‐4 serum levels. Remarkably, both chronic liver damage and noninflammatory depletion of KCs by clodronate liposomes were marked by oscillation in CD26/DPP‐4 serum activity that mirrored the kinetics of liver KC depletion/recovery. Conclusion:CD26/DPP‐4 enzymatic activity contributes to necrosis resolution during recovery from acute liver injury. Serum CD26/DPP‐4 is elevated when severe perturbations are imposed on KC populations, regardless of patent liver damage. We propose that serum CD26/DPP‐4 is a potential systemic surrogate marker of severe impairments in the KC population imposed by clinical and subclinical liver conditions.
Differences in use of electronic nicotine delivery systems by smoking status and demographic characteristics among Australian young adults
Authors: Jongenelis Michelle I. , Brennan Emily , Slevin Terry , Kameron Caitlin , Rudaizky Daniel , Pettigrew Simone
Published: September 2018

Issue addressed

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to grow in popularity, particularly among young adults. Understanding by whom various ENDS are being used and why within this population segment can assist the development of appropriate interventions targeting those most vulnerable to use and inform policy decisions in this area. Accordingly, this study assessed the demographic characteristics associated with ENDS use among Australian young adults, and reasons for current e‐cigarette use.

Methods

An online survey was administered to 1116 Australians aged 18‐25 years (59% female).

Results

Smokers were more likely than non‐smokers to report (a) ever use of ENDS (67% vs 28%), (b) ever use of an e‐cigarette (64% vs 24%), e‐cigar (17% vs 8%) or e‐hookah (15% vs 8%) and (c) current use of e‐cigarettes (19% vs 6%). Male smokers were more likely than female smokers to be current e‐cigarette users. The most common reason for current e‐cigarette use was enjoyment.

Conclusions

Young male adults appear to be particularly vulnerable to becoming regular e‐cigarette users. This demographic group may need to be a primary focus of prevention and intervention efforts. Contrary to popular belief, smoking cessation was not a primary reason for e‐cigarette use.

So what?

Greater efforts are needed to educate young adults on the harms associated with ENDS use, especially if use is being driven by the perception that they are a harmless means of amusement. Maintaining existing regulations limiting the accessibility of these products is crucial to ensuring widespread use is minimised.
Client organizations and the management of professional agency work: The case of English health and social care
Authors: Kirkpatrick Ian , Hoque Kim , Lonsdale Chris
Published: September 2018

A growing reliance on agency workers can lead to significant risks for client organizations, especially in core organizational roles. It has been suggested while these risk can be mitigated through investments in human resource management (HRM) directed at agency workers, in reality these will be hard to implement. This article draws upon Lepak and Snell's (1999) HR architecture model and uses a comparative case study method to explore this issue, focusing on agency working in core nursing and qualified social worker roles. The findings illustrate how client organizations can become more involved in the management of agency workers than has previously been acknowledged. Our analysis also identifies the conditions that shape this client‐side involvement, including the nature of agency worker contracts, the role of temporary work agencies, competing organizational cost‐control priorities, and perceptions of the regulatory context. These conditions are brought together in a general model for understanding the largely neglected role that client organizations play in the HR management of agency workers.
The IL‐1/IL‐1R axis induces greater fibroblast‐derived chemokine release in human papillomavirus‐negative compared to positive oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Al‐Sahaf Sarmad , Hunter Keith D. , Bolt Robert , Ottewell Penelope D. , Murdoch Craig
Published: September 2018

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognised as a major aetiological agent in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). HPV‐positive tumours are associated with better outcomes compared to HPV‐negative tumours, possibly due to differences in their aetiology and/or the tumour microenvironment. Increased numbers of tumour‐associated leukocytes have been observed in many cancers including OPC, with variable influence on prognosis depending on the leukocyte subpopulation investigated. Whether HPV status influences leukocyte recruitment to OPC remains unknown. This in‐vitro study examined differences in the chemoattractant capacity of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPC cell lines. Gene and protein expression analysis demonstrated that whilst both monocultures of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative cell lines, along with normal tonsillar fibroblasts (NTF), expressed low chemokine levels, NTF cultured with conditioned medium from HPV‐negative OPC cells expressed significantly higher levels of all chemokines tested compared to NTF incubated with the medium from HPV‐positive OPC cell lines. HPV‐negative OPC lines expressed IL‐1β mRNA whereas HPV‐positive cells did not, and NTF constitutively expressed IL‐1R1. Pre‐treatment with the IL‐R antagonist, anakinra or siRNA to IL‐1R1 significantly reduced chemokine secretion from NTF stimulated with conditioned medium from HPV‐negative tumour cells or recombinant IL‐1β (p < 0.05). These data suggest that secretion of chemokines is driven by the interaction between HPV‐negative OPC cells and stromal fibroblasts through an IL‐1/IL‐1R‐mediated mechanism that is less prominent within the HPV‐positive tumour microenvironment. These observations may explain differences in leukocyte sub‐populations recruited to HPV‐positive versus negative OPC and indicate that HPV status is a key determinant in controlling the inflammatory tumour microenvironment.
Determinants of Female‐Headed Households’ Participation in Periurban Modern Small‐Scale Irrigation Projects in Ethiopia: The Case of Kobo Town
Authors: Sisay Goitom
Published: September 2018

Out of the sample of 333 female‐headed households, only 113 (33.9%) participate in irrigation. Hence, this study was intended to identify the determining factors influencing female‐headed households’ participation in periurban modern small‐scale irrigation projects in Kobo town, Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, a cross‐sectional survey method was used on 333 participant and non‐participant households. Descriptive and econometric techniques were employed for data analysis. The binary logit model was used to identify determinants of participation. The chi‐square and t‐test result of this survey shows that participants and non‐participants exhibited a significant variation with regard to age and educational status of the household head, family size, livestock holding, distance to irrigated land, distance to the nearest market centres and access to credit facilities. Furthermore, the binary logit model analysis discloses that educational status of the household head, family size, livestock holding, access to credit services and distance from the nearest market centres have a significant and positive impact on participation. In contrast, age of the household head and distance to irrigated farm are significantly and negatively associated with participation. Hence, for better participation of female‐headed households, development of irrigation projects should take the above‐mentioned determinant variables into account. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Front Cover: Dual‐wavelength hybrid optoacoustic‐ultrasound biomicroscopy for functional imaging of large‐scale cerebral vascular networks (J. Biophotonics 9/2018)
Authors: Rebling Johannes , Estrada Héctor , Gottschalk Sven , Sela Gali , Zwack Michael , Wissmeyer Georg , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Razansky Daniel
Published: September 2018

We present a hybrid dual‐wavelength optoacoustic and ultrasound bio‐microscope capable of rapid transcranial visualization of morphology and oxygenation status of large‐scale cerebral vascular networks. Imaging of entire cortical vasculature in mice is achieved with single capillary resolution and complemented by simultaneously acquired pulse‐echo ultrasound microscopy scans of the mouse skull. The new approach holds potential to facilitate studies into neurological and vascular abnormalities of the brain. Further details can be found in the article by Johannes Rebling, Héctor Estrada, Sven Gottschalk, et al. (e201800057).

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Retracted: miR‐145 eliminates lipopolysaccharides‐induced inflammatory injury in human fibroblast‐like synoviocyte MH7A cells
Authors: Zhong Feng , Xu Jian , Yang Xirui , Zhang Qi , Gao Zhaomeng , Deng Yao , Zhang Lei , Yu Chunyan
Published: September 2018

Recently, it has been accepted that miR‐based therapy may be beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of miR‐145 in RA in vitro. The expression of miR‐145 in the human fibroblast‐like synoviocyte line MH7A was overexpressed by miR‐mimic transfection, after which cells were subjected to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cell viability, apoptosis, and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were measured. The result showed that the apoptosis and the release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α were significantly induced by LPS. Meanwhile, LPS treatment led to downregulation of miR‐145. miR‐145 overexpression in LPS‐untreated MH7A cells had no impacts on cell apoptosis and inflammation. But, restoring miR‐145 expression in LPS‐stimulated cells by supplementation of a miR‐145 mimic protected MH7A cells against LPS‐induced apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, miR‐145 overexpression in LPS‐untreated MH7A cells slightly blocked the PI3K/ATK and mTOR pathways, whereas miR‐145 overexpression in LPS‐stimulated cells notably repressed the LPS‐induced activation of PI3K/ATK and MAPK/mTOR pathways. Our study suggested that miR‐145 protected MH7A cells against LPS‐induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/mTOR pathways.