bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NM23-H1/H2 homolog NDK-1 is required for full activation of Ras signaling inC. elegans
Authors: Masoudi Neda , Fancsalszky Luca , Pourkarimi Ehsan , Vellai Tibor , Alexa Anita , Reményi Attila , Gartner Anton , Mehta Anil , Takács-Vellai Krisztina
Published: July 2013

The group I members of the Nm23 (non-metastatic) gene family encode nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) that have been implicated in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Despite their developmental and medical significance, the molecular functions of these NDPKs remain ill defined. To minimize confounding effects of functional compensation between closely related Nm23 family members, we studied ndk-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of group I NDPKs, and focused on its role in Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling events during development. ndk-1 inactivation leads to a protruding vulva phenotype and affects vulval cell fate specification through the Ras/MAPK cascade. ndk-1 mutant worms show severe reduction of activated, diphosphorylated MAPK in somatic tissues, indicative of compromised Ras/MAPK signaling. A genetic epistasis analysis using the vulval induction system revealed that NDK-1 acts downstream of LIN-45/Raf, but upstream of MPK-1/MAPK, at the level of the kinase suppressors of ras (KSR-1/2). KSR proteins act as scaffolds facilitating Ras signaling events by tethering signaling components, and we suggest that NDK-1 modulates KSR activity through direct physical interaction. Our study reveals that C. elegans NDK-1/Nm23 influences differentiation by enhancing the level of Ras/MAPK signaling. These results might help to better understand how dysregulated Nm23 in humans contributes to tumorigenesis.
Essential role for ligand-dependent feedback antagonism of vertebrate hedgehog signaling by PTCH1, PTCH2 and HHIP1 during neural patterning
Authors: Holtz Alexander M. , Peterson Kevin A. , Nishi Yuichi , Morin Steves , Song Jane Y. , Charron Frédéric , McMahon Andrew P. , Allen Benjamin L.
Published: July 2013

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is essential for vertebrate and invertebrate embryogenesis. In Drosophila, feedback upregulation of the HH receptor Patched (PTC; PTCH in vertebrates), is required to restrict HH signaling during development. By contrast, PTCH1 upregulation is dispensable for early HH-dependent patterning in mice. Unique to vertebrates are two additional HH-binding antagonists that are induced by HH signaling, HHIP1 and the PTCH1 homologue PTCH2. Although HHIP1 functions semi-redundantly with PTCH1 to restrict HH signaling in the developing nervous system, a role for PTCH2 remains unresolved. Data presented here define a novel role for PTCH2 as a ciliary localized HH pathway antagonist. While PTCH2 is dispensable for normal ventral neural patterning, combined removal of PTCH2- and PTCH1-feedback antagonism produces a significant expansion of HH-dependent ventral neural progenitors. Strikingly, complete loss of PTCH2-, HHIP1- and PTCH1-feedback inhibition results in ectopic specification of ventral cell fates throughout the neural tube, reflecting constitutive HH pathway activation. Overall, these data reveal an essential role for ligand-dependent feedback inhibition of vertebrate HH signaling governed collectively by PTCH1, PTCH2 and HHIP1.
Noise Modeling of Synchronous Belts
Authors: Chen Gang (Sheng) , Zhen Hui , Qatu Mohamad
Published: July 2013

This paper formulated noise sources of synchronous belt in terms of structure-borne noise and airborne noise. The structure-borne noise consists of structural impact noise and friction-induced noise. The airborne noise is due to airflow-induced acoustic wave during belt-sprocket tooth engaging. Based on the analysis of impact dynamics of belt-sprocket tooth interface, the impact response, the friction-vibration interaction, and the airflow-induced acoustic wave are comprehensively modelled. The spectral signatures of the varied noise are quantified, and the case studies are given to illustrate the influences of the tooth parameters and operation conditions on noise. The noise due to belt span vibration under impact ranges from hundreds to several thousand Hz. The impact noise, friction-induced noise and airflow-induced noise of belt tooth ranges from 3 kHz to 10 kHz.
Comorbidity in adolescence: simultaneous
declaration of depressive, eating symptoms and use
of psychoactive substances in general population of
17 year old students in a big city.
Authors: Modrzejewska Renata
Published: July 2013

Aim of the study

To determine whether the following symptoms: depressive symptoms, eating disorder symptoms among adolescents in Cracow secondary schools are associated with an increased risk of psychoactive substance use.

Subject or material and methods

A representative sample of the population of Krakow secondary school pupils was tested. A two-stage draw method identified a group of 2034 2nd form pupils of all types of secondary schools: grammar schools, technical schools and vocational schools (17-year olds). They were tested using the following screening questionnaires: Beck Depression Scale, EAT-26 eating disorders scale and author’s drug questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among boys and girls is associated with an increased alcohol use, cigarette smoking and drug use. All of the relationships are statistically significant in both sexes. 41.7% of depressive boys admit to smoking, versus. only 32.6% in the non-depressive group. The relationships are statistically significant in both sexes.
The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms among boys and girls is associated with a higher alcohol use, cigarette smoking, and drug use. Compared with a group of young people without eating disorder symptoms, the relationships are of statistical significance.

Discussion

Comorbidity of the following symptoms was found: depressive symptoms, eating disorder symptoms and symptoms of psychoactive substance use.

Conclusions

The presence of depressive symptoms increases the risk of the use of psychoactive substances, especially alcohol and tobacco, to a lesser extent – drugs, both in the boys and in the girls. The presence of eating disorder symptoms increases the risk of smoking and drug use among both boys and girls.
Making the Most of the Revolving Door: The Impact of Outward Personnel Mobility Networks on Organizational Creativity
Authors: Godart Frédéric C. , Shipilov Andrew V. , Claes Kim
Published: July 2013

We examine the impact of key personnel’s loss to competition on their former employers’ creative performance. Using archival data on the career histories of designers and the creative performance of their fashion houses between 2000 and 2010, we find that a house’s outward centrality in the network of personnel mobility—resulting from personnel departures—has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the house’s creative performance. This relationship is moderated by the house’s inward centrality in a network of personnel mobility stemming from hiring competitors’ employees, the tenure of its creative directors, the accomplishments of these directors, and the house’s status. Our results suggest that organizations can enhance their creativity by relying on ideas obtained through relationships with their former employees long after these employees left to work for the competition. However, this effect is contingent upon characteristics of the organization that may be associated with its capacity to absorb these ideas and its ability to signal legitimacy of the resulting output to the external audiences.
The Double-Edged Nature of Board Gender Diversity: Diversity, Firm Performance, and the Power of Women Directors as Predictors of Strategic Change
Authors: Triana María del Carmen , Miller Toyah L. , Trzebiatowski Tiffany M.
Published: July 2013

Diverse boards have been seen as providing impetus for initiating change. However, diversity may introduce conflict and impede decision making, which could hinder the ability of the firm to make strategic change, especially in times when firm performance is low. Integrating threat-rigidity theory and team diversity research, we examine how board gender diversity, firm performance, and the power of women directors interact to influence the amount of strategic change. Results support a three-way interaction, indicating that when the board is not experiencing a threat as a result of low firm performance and women directors have greater power, the relationship between board gender diversity and amount of strategic change is the most positive. However, when the board is threatened by low firm performance and women directors have greater power, the relationship between board gender diversity and amount of strategic change is the most negative. Results suggest that diversity is double-edged because it can propel or impede strategic change depending on firm performance and the power of women directors.
Knowledge of the inhabitants of Upper Silesia patients’ rights
Authors: Kryska Sandra , Rej Anna , Horak Stanisław ,   Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland,
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Patients’ rights are the rights available equally to everyone for the use of health services. Therefore, every patient should know their rights and know how to use them. In Polish law, the most important document relating to issues of patient rights is the Act of 6 November 2008 on the Patient’s Rights and the Patients Ombudsman. This Act includes provisions relating to the rights of such patients as well as records relating to ways to assert their rights in the event of a medical event.
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of awareness and knowledge of patients’ rights among persons enjoying the benefits of selected health care facilities in Upper Silesia.
Material and methods. The study was conducted from September 2011 to January 2012 in a group of 1000 patients in selected health care facilities in Silesia. The study authors used a questionnaire completed anonymously by each patient.
Results. Based on the analysis of the questionnaires, it was found that patients know about the existence of laws that protect them. The vast majority of them, however, cannot specify their rights and they cannot specifically indicate their use.
Conclusions. The level of awareness of patients’ rights in the study population did not differ significantly from the level of awareness of the respondents participating in other studies. Awareness and knowledge of these rights of patients is incomplete, insufficient and depends, among others by: gender, age and education. The presented data suggests that patients should still know the rights to which they are entitled.
The level of motor fitness and skills among future early-education teachers
Authors: Podstawski Robert , Górnik Katarzyna , Romańczuk Agnieszka ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Published: July 2013

Introduction. The Polish law is giving the entitlement for conducting the physical education classes to both graduates of physical education, as well as the teachers of early education. The duty of teachers working with children is to provide knowledge, developing the skills and attitudes related to strengthening health of students. Physical education teacher by acting on the personality and the body of his pupils should also be a personality model for them.
The teacher should have an appropriate level of the motor skills enabling to show the technique of performing the exercise.
Aim. The aim of this study was to examine the level of motor fitness and skills of teachers studying at postgraduate level in the field of integrated early education.
Material and methods. The study was performed in a group of 82 active teachers who instructed execution of 8 tests of motor skills and 12 exercises used in teaching kindergarten children and early education classes.
Results. The study showed the presence of the average and low-level motor skills in women. In 67% of the studied cases, women could not demonstrate basic motor skills to the children being taught by them.
Conclusions. Physical education classes for preschoolers and 1st-3rd graders should be conducted by experts in the field. Very low level of motor fitness and skills determined by the present study, it can be concluded that future early-education teachers are ill-prepared for carrying out such a responsible role.
Cooperation of the school nurse with the teacher of physical education in implementing school health education
Authors: Charzyńska-Gula Marianna , Dobrowolska Beata , Kachaniuk Hanna , Stanisławek Andrzej , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Kocka Katarzyna , Szadowska-Szlachetka Zdzisława
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Since September 2012, pursuant to the decision of the Minister of National Education, a new curriculum basis has been in force in Polish schools, delegating almost all the tasks connected with implementing health education to the teacher of physical education and the subject taught by him/her. One of the closest partners of the teacher of physical education is supposed to be the school nurse.
Aim. The aim of the survey was to define the scope of cooperation of nurses working in educational communities and teachers of physical education in implementing health education nearly a year after introducing the new curriculum basis.
Material and methods. The opinions of 46 school nurses from two non-state healthcare centres were investigated. The analysed group consisted in 100% of nurses taking care over the total population of students of schools in Lublin (43,948 students in 87 different-type schools). A diagnostic survey and elements of monographs of selected schools were used, together with the analysis of documentation of the healthcare centres.
Results. Over 32% nurses stated that cooperation with teachers of physical education is very rare and less effective than with other teachers, and nearly 24% admitted that they did not cooperate with them at all. When cooperation occurs, in 58.7%, it concerns physical culture and promoting motor activity, prophylaxis of accidents and injuries (almost 48%), and education associated with hygiene (approx. 24%). Despite the fact that over 10% students are overweight or obese, only 5 nurses cooperate with the teacher of physical education in the field of nutritional education. Only 3 respondents identified the teacher of physical education as the leader of health promotion at school and confirmed his/her greater activity in the recent period. In Health Promoting Schools, nurses have a better opinion about teachers of physical education and they cooperate with them more often.
Conclusions. According to the surveyed school nurses, their cooperation with teachers of physical education in implementing school health education – excluding the area of motor activity – is minimal and ineffective, despite substantial needs in this domain existing in the population of students and new requirements put in front of teachers in the new curriculum basis.
Physical activity, the manner of nutrition and the lifestyle of the female students of physiotherapy and the European studies
Authors: Wojciechów-Gazel Monika , Mickiewicz Anna , Krzyśków Aleksandra
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Our health depends on our lifestyle in almost 60%, while genetic and environmental factors are of minor importance. Lack of physical activity, the use of stimulants and inappropriately balanced diet are the causes of substantial reduction of fitness and psychological efficiency. Such a lifestyle might have adverse influence on our health and bring serious consequences in later years.
Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and the health behaviours concerning physical activity, the nutrition, stimulants intake and the use of reduction diets by the female students of master’s degree course of The Faculty of Physiotherapy of The University of Physical Education in Wrocław and the European Studies of The University of Wrocław.
Material and methods. Thirty healthy female students of physiotherapy and thirty female students of the European studies participated in the present study. The study was performed by the use of questionnaire, which was fulfilled anonymously by the participants and consisted of 60 closed and semi-closed questions.
Results. The present analysis of the health behaviours shows that most of the female students (90%) practise some kind of physical activity. The main reasons for that are benefits for health and care for the outlook. Only 40% of respondents eat meals regularly, whereas 73% and 63% of female students of physiotherapy and female students of the European Studies, respectively, do not eat breakfasts at all. In addition, 75% of all these students do not smoke cigarettes and 51% use a reduction diet.
Conclusions. The present results show that despite the irregularity of lifestyle, all these students try to bring health behaviours in their life. It is noteworthy that the lifestyle of female students of physiotherapy is on a very high level. They set a good example, showing a high level of physical activity, avoiding the use of stimulants and eating high-value meals.
The Compellability Rule in England and Wales: Support for the Spouse of the Defendant
Authors: Ragavan Shamini K.
Published: July 2013

Spouses, for a variety of reasons, struggle to give evidence against their spouse in criminal proceedings. A woman's willingness to testify against her spouse or civil partner is not based on the compellability provisions in PACE, but a personal choice of whether she is prepared to testify against her spouse. To assist her, she (as victim and witness) must be adequately supported (emotionally or psychologically) so that she becomes a resilient participant of the criminal justice system and thus provides best evidence in court. A collective and coordinated effort of practitioners, police, support agencies, including the judiciary is essential and there is a need for them to be aware of the special needs of different types of vulnerable witnesses, different forms of support, therapies and counselling strategies available in their decision-making. This article will draw upon findings of a pilot research study undertaken in 2009 to examine the issue of support for victims and witnesses.
The Urokinase Receptor Homolog Haldisin Is a Novel Differentiation Marker of Stratum Granulosum in Squamous Epithelia
Authors: Gårdsvoll Henrik , Kriegbaum Mette C. , Hertz Emil P. , Alpízar-Alpízar Warner , Ploug Michael
Published: July 2013

Several members of the Ly-6/uPAR (LU)-protein domain family are differentially expressed in human squamous epithelia. In some cases, they even play important roles in maintaining skin homeostasis, as exemplified by the secreted single domain member, SLURP-1, the deficiency of which is associated with the development of palmoplantar hyperkeratosis in the congenital skin disorder Mal de Meleda. In the present study, we have characterized a new member of the LU-protein domain family, which we find to be predominantly expressed in the stratum granulosum of human skin, thus resembling the expression of SLURP-1. In accordance with its expression pattern, we denote this protein product, which is encoded by the LYPD5 gene, as Haldisin (human antigen with LU-domains expressed in skin). Two of the five human glycolipid-anchored membrane proteins with multiple LU-domains characterized so far are predominantly confined to squamous epithelia (i.e., C4.4A), to stratum spinosum, and Haldisin to stratum granulosum under normal homeostatic conditions. Whether Haldisin is a prognostic biomarker for certain epithelial malignancies, like C4.4A and SLURP-1, remains to be explored.
Climate change communications & young people in the Kingdom:
A reception study
Authors: Hibberd Matthew , Nguyen An
Published: July 2013

Based on focus groups with young people in England and Scotland and in-depth interviews with journalists, communication professionals and campaigners, this article examines how UK youths perceive climate change issues and how they receive climate messages from the news media and other communication forms. We found a strong sense of pessimism and disempowerment among our participants and identified a set of ‘triple-R reasons’ for their disengagement and inaction – namely the lack of relevance, resources and rituals. In that context, the media and other major communication forms have tended to hinder rather than help our young participants to be more actively involved and engaged – due mainly to the lack of positive and relevant messages and the focus on the extreme and the controversial.
The framing of climate change in Italian politics and its impact on public opinion
Authors: Blasio Emiliana De , Sorice Michele
Published: July 2013

The article examines the issue of climate change and its importance to Italian politics. In particular, the authors analyse whether political parties and their leaders give due importance to the issues in their party literature and speeches. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the authors studied manifestos of those political parties represented in Parliament between 2008 and 2013, other official documents available on their websites and official statements of political leaders. The overall picture emerging is a substantial lack of attention paid to climate change, which is also poorly represented in the Italian media. One of the key problems, however, lies in what we define as the ‘global’ dimension of the climate change debate that makes it look unattractive to local political discourse (where Italian politics is traditionally rooted). We argue this impacts negatively on public opinion and the lack of Italian public policies aimed at ensuring sustainability and promoting good behaviour and environmental best practice.
Thai audiences and journalists’ responses to a holistic, future-oriented, participatory and empowering (HOPE) model for climate change coverage
Authors: Salathong Jessada
Published: July 2013

Within the framework of the UN’s Decade for Education for Sustainable Development (2005–14), this article explores the potential of a Holistic, future-Oriented, Participatory and Empowering (HOPE) model for framing climate change in the media. A small-scale content analysis of three leading Thai dailies shows that most climate change stories have some, but not all, elements of HOPE. Follow-up in-depth interviews with Thai journalists and climate experts suggest that this is due to issues related to the practicality of implementing HOPE, especially day-to-day constraints on newswork – such as editors’ attitudes, editorial policies, newsroom resources. Finally, a focus group with Thai students finds that while audience members appreciate articles with all four HOPE elements, they think that a climate change story does not need to entail all elements to attract them, in part because it is not only the content but also its reporting style and form that make a story appealing. All in all, there is a general agreement that HOPE could serve as an ideal set of criteria for journalists to use as a guideline in framing climate change stories.
Actualizing a Spectator Like You: The Ethics of the Intrusive-Hypothetical
Authors: Frieze James
Published: July 2013

A stream of performance pieces over the last five years – including The Author (Tim Crouch), Tough time nice time (Ridiculusmus), Beachy Head (Analogue) and Make Better Please (Uninvited Guests) – have addressed the ethics of dramatic narrative via narratives that are presented as possible rather than actual. Mooted, proposed, quoted, imagined, these real yet hypothetical narratives court and assault their audience. Mocking our wish to make a difference while offering no genuine invitation to do so, these works script our failure to intervene. Drawing on Ganaele Langlois’s discussion of online participatory media platforms, and on Zygmunt Bauman’s ethical-existential view of ‘the liquid, modern world’ of digital, cognitive capitalism, I read these works as a distinct mode that I call intrusive-hypothetical performance. It is a mode that poses important ethical questions about the reification of the self in a digital-capitalist economy in which personality must, above all, be readable.
Crystal structure of poly[triaqua-µ2-sulfato-κ4O,O':O'',O'''-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylato-κ4O,O':O'':O''']cerium(III) monohydrate, C7H11CeNO10S
Authors: Zhao Yan , Guo Dai Jian , Su Bei Ya , Xie Shi-Yu
Published: July 2013

C7H11CeNO10S, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.211(4) Å, b = 13.530(2) Å, c = 6.7481(9) Å, β = 92.294(1)°, V = 2391.1 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0179, wRref(F2) = 0.0472, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of bis(isothiocyanato-κN)bis(4,4',5,5'-tetrahydro-2,2'-bithiazole-κ2N,N')cobalt(II), C14H16CoN6S6
Authors: Sun Jianhua , Liu Yuhai , Li Weihua , Chen Xuhong
Published: July 2013

C14H16CoN6S6, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.459(1) Å, b = 11.246(2) Å, c = 12.459(2) Å, α = 94.545(2)°, β = 92.845(2)°, γ = 107.001(2)°, V = 1126.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0418, wRref(F2) = 0.1095, T = 293 K.
Nonfatal Choking on Food Among Children 14 Years or Younger in the United States, 2001–2009
Authors: Chapin Meyli M. , Rochette Lynne M. , Annest Joseph L. , Haileyesus Tadesse , Conner Kristen A. , Smith Gary A.
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of nonfatal choking on food among US children.

METHODS:

Using a nationally representative sample, nonfatal pediatric choking-related emergency department (ED) visits involving food for 2001 through 2009 were analyzed by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program. Narratives abstracted from the medical record were reviewed to identify choking cases and the types of food involved.

RESULTS:

An estimated 111 914 (95% confidence interval: 83 975–139 854) children ages 0 to 14 years were treated in US hospital EDs from 2001 through 2009 for nonfatal food-related choking, yielding an average of 12 435 children annually and a rate of 20.4 (95% confidence interval: 15.4–25.3) visits per 100 000 population. The mean age of children treated for nonfatal food-related choking was 4.5 years. Children aged ≤1 year accounted for 37.8% of cases, and male children accounted for more than one-half (55.4%) of cases. Of all food types, hard candy was most frequently (15.5% [16 168 cases]) associated with choking, followed by other candy (12.8% [13 324]), meat (12.2% [12 671]), and bone (12.0% [12 496]). Most patients (87.3% [97 509]) were treated and released, but 10.0% (11 218) were hospitalized, and 2.6% (2911) left against medical advice.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first nationally representative study to focus solely on nonfatal pediatric food-related choking treated in US EDs over a multiyear period. Improved surveillance, food labeling and redesign, and public education are strategies that can help reduce pediatric choking on food.
A Randomized Trial of Nasal Prong or Face Mask for Respiratory Support for Preterm Newborns
Authors: McCarthy Lisa K. , Twomey Anne R. , Molloy Eleanor J. , Murphy John F.A. , O’Donnell Colm P.F.
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Resuscitation guidelines recommend that respiratory support should be given to newborns via a face mask (FM) in the delivery room (DR). Respiratory support given to preterm newborns via a single nasal prong (SNP; ie, short nasal tube, nasopharyngeal tube) may be more effective. We wished to determine whether giving respiratory support to preterm newborns with a SNP rather than a FM reduces the rate of intubation in the DR.

METHODS:

Infants <31 weeks’ gestation were randomized just before delivery to SNP (endotracheal tube shortened to 5 cm) or FM. Randomization was stratified by gestation (<28 weeks, 28–30+6). Infants with apnea, respiratory distress, and/or heart rate <100 received positive pressure ventilation with a T-piece. The primary outcome was intubation and mechanical ventilation in the DR. Infants in both groups were intubated for heart rate <100 and/or apnea despite PPV and not solely for surfactant administration. All other aspects of treatment in the DR and NICU were the same. Relevant secondary outcomes were recorded and data were analyzed by using the intention-to-treat principle.

RESULTS:

One hundred forty-four infants were enrolled. The rate of intubation in the DR was the same in both groups (11/72 [15%] vs 11/72 [15%], P = 1.000]. Infants assigned to SNP had lower SpO2 at 5 minutes and received a higher maximum concentration of oxygen in the DR. There were no significant differences in other secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Giving respiratory support to newborn infants <31 weeks’ gestation via a SNP, compared with a FM, did not result in less intubation and ventilation in the DR.
Diaper Need and Its Impact on Child Health
Authors: Smith Megan V. , Kruse Anna , Weir Alison , Goldblum Joanne
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND:

This is the first peer-reviewed study to quantify diaper need, propose a method to measure diaper need, and explore psychosocial variables associated with diaper need in a large sample of urban, low-income families.

METHODS:

Data were derived from a cross-sectional study in 877 pregnant and parenting women. Mothers completed surveys on topics related to mental health, basic needs, and health care use. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between diaper need and psychosocial correlates.

RESULTS:

Almost 30% of mothers reported diaper need. Hispanic women were significantly more likely to report diaper need than African American women (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–3.33), and women ≥45 years of age were significantly more likely than women between the ages of 20 and 44 years to report diaper need (OR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.21–5.28). Women who reported mental health need were significantly more likely than women who did not report mental health need to report diaper need (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.16–3.09).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although a majority of studies have examined family socioeconomic status as income and educational and employment status, emerging research suggests that indicators of material hardship are increasingly important to child health. This study supports this premise with the suggestion that an adequate supply of diapers may prove a tangible way of reducing parenting stress, a critical factor influencing child health and development. There is potential for pediatric providers to inquire about diaper need and refer families to a local diaper distribution service as 1 method to reduce parenting stress.
Obesity, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ságodi László , Lombay Béla , Vámosi Ildikó , Barkai László
Published: July 2013

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, glucose intolerance, which are also components of the metabolic syndrome. Central obesity and insulin resistance appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome, perhaps via subsequent steroidogenic dysregulation. Aim: The aim of the authors was to assess metabolic and hormonal abnormalities in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. Method: The study included 52 adolescents diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome based on the Rotterdam criteria. Anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters were evaluated among all subjects. 20 healthy, age-matched, non-obese, regularly menstruating girls were used as controls. Of the 52 patients, 15 patients were born with low-birth-weight and 37 patients were born with normal birth weight. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all patients and controls. The age of patients was 16.8±3.1 years, and the age of controls was 16.95±2.1 years. Results: Among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35% (n = 18), while impaired fasting glucose occurred in one patient, impaired glucose tolerance in 8 patients, insulin resistance in 25 patients and metabolic syndrome in 12 patients. Serum triglyceride levels in patients and controls were 1.4±0.8 and 0.9±0.3 mmol/l, respectively (p<0.05), while fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol were not different in the two groups. Metabolic abnormalities and obesity were more severe and more frequent in patients with low-birth-weight compared to those born with normal weight. There was a negative correlation between birth weight and body mass index SDS values and a positive correlation between fasting insulin levels and body mass index SDS (r = 0.37) in patients born with low-birth-weight. Conclusions: Abnormal glucose metabolism is frequently present in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. It is possible that early diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescences may prevent some of the long-term complications associated with this syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1226–1234.
Difficulties in the differential diagnosis of hyponatremia presenting with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms – case presentation
Authors: Steiner Tamás , Oláh Roland , Németh Attila , Winkler Gábor
Published: July 2013

Hyponatremia is the most frequent eletrolyte imbalance in hospitalized geriatric patient. The accompanying signs and symptoms can run a wide range and, therefore, these patients are usually admitted to various departments, i.e. neurology and/or traumatology first. Directed laboratory investigations demonstrate severe hyponatremia. Differential diagnosis can be very difficult and complex in the clinical settings. Firstly, spurious forms of hyponatremia have to be excluded, then the underlying cause should elucidated based on the patients hydration status and serum osmolarity. Hyponatremia can be divided into hyper-, hypo- and normovolemic forms. Moreover, it can be further classified as hypo-, iso- and hyperosmolar hyponatremias. The differentiation between renal and extrarenal salt wasting forms is hinged on the urine sodium concentration. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion is the most common cause of normovolemic, hypoosmolar forms (named also as Schwartz–Bartter syndrome). The authors aimed to shed light on the often insurmountable difficulties of the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this very frequent electrolyte imbalance by presenting a clinical case report. Their purported aim reflects upon the wide array of ethiopathogenesis of hyponatremia: various endocrine, renal diseases, inappropriateness of antidiuretic hormone secretion as well as the role of different medications (e.g. diuretics). This fine-tuned and intricate physiology of sodium metabolism could fortuitously be overturned by these mechanisms. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1235–1241.
A Bayesian approach to identifying and compensating for model misspecification in population models
Authors: Thorson James T. , Ono Kotaro , Munch Stephan B.
Published: July 2013

State‐space estimation methods are increasingly used in ecology to estimate productivity and abundance of natural populations while accounting for variability in both population dynamics and measurement processes. However, functional forms for population dynamics and density dependence often will not match the true biological process, and this may degrade the performance of state‐space methods. We therefore developed a Bayesian semiparametric state‐space model, which uses a Gaussian process (GP) to approximate the population growth function. This offers two benefits for population modeling. First, it allows data to update a specified “prior” on the population growth function, while reverting to this prior when data are uninformative. Second, it allows variability in population dynamics to be decomposed into random errors around the population growth function (“process error”) and errors due to the mismatch between the specified prior and estimated growth function (“model error”). We used simulation modeling to illustrate the utility of GP methods in state‐space population dynamics models. Results confirmed that the GP model performs similarly to a conventional state‐space model when either (1) the prior matches the true process or (2) data are relatively uninformative. However, GP methods improve estimates of the population growth function when the function is misspecified. Results also demonstrated that the estimated magnitude of “model error” can be used to distinguish cases of model misspecification. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects for GP methods in other state‐space models, including age and length‐structured, meta‐analytic, and individual‐movement models.
Application of Lean Methodology in Community Development to Improve Infrastructure Projects Delivery
Authors: Asomba Meshack , Mustapha Adetoun , Odunwa Peter , Onaolapo Bolarinwa , Mshelbila Philip , Osayande Nedo
Published: July 2013

Shell companies and its Joint Venture partners spend millions of dollars per year on social investments in host communities as commitment to corporate social responsibility. Lack of community ownership and participation in identifying developmental needs and delivery process were seen as gaps in realizing full benefits of the social investments. A participatory interface management and development model– The Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) with host communities was introduced to address these gaps.

In the GMoU model, the communities take charge and drive developmental initiatives, Shell and its Joint Venture partners provide funding/capacity building while government oversees process governance. However, the quality of most GMoU infrastructure projects has been a source of concern among stakeholders. To address these concerns, improvement opportunities were identified in the infrastructure projects' delivery process. For example, in one instance, over 488 infrastructure project designs were generated by 244 GMoU communities in one year with each community, developing different designs for similar infrastructure. This process requires communities to spend significant amount of development fund to pay for projects design. Similarly quality-checking and approving designs become burdensome for supervising engineers often leading to frustration, erosion of work-life balance and design flaws going undetected.

A Lean methodology that involves elimination of wastes through utilization of the knowledge of the people who do the job to deliver value to customers was therefore deployed to improve the GMoU Infrastructure Projects Delivery process. Stakeholders jointly produced results that eliminate wastes in the process, reduce approval cycle time, improve project quality and save cost. This paper will share this experience with learnings for cross industry collaboration in infrastructure projects design for betterment of the host communities.
New Empirical Correlation for Predicting Hydrate Formation Conditions
Authors: Salufu Samuel O , Nwakwo Princes
Published: July 2013

Natural gas hydrates pose serious difficulties to pipeline operators, gas producers and processors in the oil industries where they plug the production lines, transmission lines, and choke production equipment. Thus, reducing production capacity or even stop production. Several models have been developed using thermodynamic method and numerous correlations have been developed using gravity method in order to predict the conditions for hydrates formation without considering water vapour pressure has one of the parameters that hydrates formation depend on. Thus, the existing correlations have some limitations.

The proposed empirical correlation was developed using gravity method and statistical analysis software to illustrate the mathematical expression that correlate hydrate-formation temperature, pressure, water vapour pressure, and specific gravity of hydrocarbon systems. The correlation was developed using 300 data points from literature. The correlation was validated with 26 data points not included in the optimization and compared with some of the existing correlations.

The results of statistical analysis show that the proposed correlation indicates highest value of correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.996), and lowest average absolute deviation value (AAD = 1.84 °F) and lowest value of average absolute percentage relative error (AAPRE = 0.284°F) among the existing correlation compared with. These results indicate that the proposed empirical correlation predicts closest to the experimental values compared to the existing ones.
Compilation Of Instantaneous Source Functions For Varying Architecture Of A Layered Reservoir With Mixed Boundaries And Horizontal Well Completions; Part VI: Letter ‘E’ Architecture
Authors: Adewole E. S.
Published: July 2013

Useful instantaneous source functions for a two-layered reservoir with architecture akin to letter ‘E’ are compiled for all possible external boundary types assuming that each layer of the reservoir has a horizontal well. Both crossflow and no-crossflow interface cases in a normal and inverted architecture are considered.

Results show that sixteen (16) different boundary variations are possible each for normal and inverted architecture. Among these variations only two (2) may have the maximum six (6) similar external boundary combinations of either no-flow or constant-pressure. There are two (2) mandatory infinite-acting external boundaries in each architecture. With the interface considered as a constant-pressure interlayer boundary, the more the number of constant-pressure external boundaries, the fewer the number of uniform flux (sealed boundaries or no-flow) instantaneous source functions that can be written down and vice versa. Only single edged external fluid drive is possible in any architecture irrespective of the nature of the interface. Similarly, only one (1) top and one (1) bottom external fluid drive is possible for crossflow interface. For no-crossflow interface, only the top layer can be subject to top external fluid drive and only the bottom layer can be subject to a bottom external fluid drive.

In the inverted architecture, the heel of the horizontal well becomes the toe and vice versa. The predominant instantaneous source function in all the combinations is the infinite-acting source function of the kind I(x). The influence of this dominant function, and therefore, that of the entire layered reservoir, can be optimized especially where the interface is crossflow. The optimization is possible by completing the well as far away from the sealing boundary as possible to decelerate arrival of pseudosteady state and from a constant-pressure boundary to guarantee prolong clean oil production.
Cased Hole Section Milling And Under Reaming Operation In Converting Oil Well Into A Water Disposal Well, Onshore Amukpe Oil Field
Authors: Okogbe Bolaji , Orimoloye Samuel , Adewale Olufemi , Avanoma Ese , Alikor Emejiri O. , Papuc Victor
Published: July 2013

The Amukpe field operated by Seplat Petroleum Development Company was discovered in 1970 by the exploration well Amukpe 1. The field is located within OML 38 and lies about 40km NNW of Warri in the greater Ugheli Depobelt within the same microstructure as the Sapele Field, in Nigeria. A total of 3 wells have been drilled in this field; Amukpel, Amukpe 2 and Amukpe 3.

Seplat Petroleum generally classifies its oil fields into Amukpe, Sapele and Oben fields, on which workover and drilling activities have been executed.

The operator had challenge of how to dispose the over 30,000bbl of produced water from oil wells. Amukpe 2 oil well was then being proposed for workover and conversion to a water disposal well. The old completion string was successfully recovered and the old perforation squeezed off.

The paper is focus on how the operator successfully convert Amukpe 2, an oil well to a water disposal well through a record achieved cased hole section milling and, under-reaming operation within budget and time.
Improved Well and Reservoir Production Performance in Waterflood Reservoirs-Revolutionalizing the Hall Plot
Authors: Amedu Jonah , Nwokolo Christopher
Published: July 2013

Overtime waterflood has proven to be the most versatile of reservoir development strategies as the relative flexibility, relatively mature technology and adaptability in a variety of environments and patterns makes it frequently the economic and safe option. This paper presents experiences garnered from a high resolution well and reservoir surveillance in a waterflood asset and clearly demonstrates that effective waterflood performance management is key to realizing the full potentials of waterflood developments especially in sedimentary systems with marked micro and macro stratigraphic and structural heterogeneities.

Field W has been under waterflood for over twenty years and the recovery to date has more than doubled the initial depletion based estimate clearly demonstrating the widely proven benefits of waterflood developments. However poor injectivity, varying reservoir pressure and increased fracture growth have been recognized of late as major factors militating against effective water injection performance in the field.

This paper will demonstrate the applicability of Hall's plot towards a robust well and reservoir performance monitoring and management in Field W. The conventional and primary use of the Hall plot has been to track the quality of water injection/or general performance in/of injectors, but it will be demonstrated that field trends of oil and water cut, interference testing, reservoir pressure evolution, static and dynamic formation evaluation data and the general reservoir drainage pattern can be better understood with development ambiguities greatly illuminated with the judicious use of the Hall plot integrated with other associated diagnostic plots.

The paper will also clearly establish that for Field W the combination of the Hall plot techniques and other conventional waterflood diagnostic plots to field production data has significantly improved an understanding of field-wide well and reservoir performance, injector-producer pair interaction, effectiveness of injection regime/production policy, delineation of drainage patterns and a high resolution reservoir characterization for optimization of new well placements.
Which Drug For Which Patient? Is There a Fluoxetine Responding Versus a Bupropion Responding Personality Profile?
Authors: Bell D. Stewart , Shipman W. Mark , Cleves Mario A. , Siegelman Jill
Published: July 2013

This paper proposes that a certain premorbid personality type – that of hard driving, achievement-oriented, often exercise-oriented individuals – correlates with bupropion response; conversely, patients without these premorbid traits and whose depression is marked by mood swings, irritability and rumination are likely fluoxetine responders.

The authors developed the Fluoxetine Bupropion Assessment Scale (FBAS), a 10-question, self-administered rating scale, to assess these traits and hypothesized that its use would improve outcomes.

A Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT) and a Registered Nurse/Nurse Practitioner (RN/NP) retrospectively reviewed 72 charts from one psychiatrist’s office for two time periods: before and after the psychiatrist utilized the questionnaire to guide antidepressant selection (33 charts before and 39 charts after). Raters were blinded to the theory and to the treatment time period. On the basis of clinical information in the charts, they formulated Clinical Global Impression assessments of treatment response in patients with Beck Depression Inventory scores ≥17 who were not on either drug at the time of intake, and who were prescribed either fluoxetine or bupropion.

The data were in the direction of better results in the FBAS-guided group, particularly after adjusting for age, gender and marital status (efficacy p = 0.087). When global improvement data were combined into three groups describing treatment response (improved, minimal to no improvement, and worse) there were statistically significant better results (p = 0.047) in the FBAS-guided treatment group. Revision and validation of the questionnaire and a larger, randomized study seem indicated.