bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frank Podgorski, Ego: Revealer, Concealer. A Key to Yoga, University Press of America, Lanham, Boston, 1974.
Authors: Palma Daniel de
Published: August 2023

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Frank Podgorski, Hinduism, a Beautiful Mosaic, Wyndham Hall Press Bristol, 1985.
Authors: Palma Daniel de
Published: August 2023

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Xu Fang, Song shi jin yi (traducciones al chino moderno de la poesía de la dinastía Song, 960-1279), Beijing, 1986, 398 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Los Sikhs en Canadá: ¿"diáspora" o migraciones?
Authors: Devalle Susana B. C.
Published: August 2023

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Otra vez, el palíndromo fuera de Occidente
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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La modernidad literaria en Japón
Authors: Quartucci Guillermo
Published: August 2023

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La guerra Eritrea-Etiopía
Authors: Zoctizoum Yarisse , Hermoso Santamaría Luz María
Published: August 2023

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Gary Saxonhouse y Kozo Yamamura (comps.), Law and Trade Issues of the Japanese Economy (American and Japanese Perspectives), University of Washington Press, 1986.
Authors: Castro González Luis F.
Published: August 2023

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Colin Renfrew, Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins, Cambridge University Press, 1987, xiv + 346 pp.
Authors: Lorenzen David N.
Published: August 2023

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A. L. Basham, The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism, compilado y anotado por Kenneth G. Zysk, Beacon Press, Bostonm 1989, xix + 159 pp.
Authors: Lorenzen David N.
Published: August 2023

Traducción del inglés: Mariela Álvarez
Annette L. Juliano, Bronze, Clay and Stone. Chinese Art in the C.C. Wang Family Collection. Publicado por Hsi An T'ang y distribuido por University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1988, 184 pp.
Authors: Cornejo Bustamante Romer
Published: August 2023

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Hugh Tinker, Men who Overturned Empires, Fighters, Dreamers and Schemers, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1987, xv + 272 pp.
Authors: Wa Githiora Cege
Published: August 2023

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Max Liniger-Goumaz, Historical Dictionary of Equatorial Guinea (African Historical Dictionary, No. 21), The Scarecrow Press Inc., Metuchen y Londres, 1988.
Authors: Wa Githiora Cege
Published: August 2023

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Yu Feian, Chinese Painting Colors. Studies of their Preparation in Traditional and Modern Times, University of Washington Press y Hong Kong University Press, Seattle y Hong Kong (traducción de Jerome Silbergeld y Amy McNair), 1988, xiv + 93 pp.
Authors: B. R. C.
Published: August 2023

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Los flujos de inversión japonesa en el mundo y en el pacífico asiático
Authors: Ocaranza Fernández Antonio
Published: August 2023

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Comercio y consumo de opio en China
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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La narrativa de ficción china: la transición a la lengua vernácula
Authors: Page John
Published: August 2023

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Nuevos estudios sobre el problema de Fu-sang
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Centralización político-administrativa y surgimiento de la desigualdad social en el neolítico chino
Authors: Wiesheu Walburga
Published: August 2023

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Influencia del género y de los antecedentes familiares en el rendimiento escolar: el caso de Hong Kong
Authors: Post David , Pong Suet-Ling
Published: August 2023

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Timothy Brook (comp.), The Asiatic mode of production in China, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., Nueva York, 1989, ix-xi, 204 pp.
Authors: Moncayo Ochoa Rosa Elena
Published: August 2023

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John Woodruff, China in search of its future; years of great reform, 1982-87. Prefacio de Michel Oksenberg. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1989, XVII + 218 pp.
Authors: Haro Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

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María Teresa Rodrigues de Anguiano. Reforma económica en China, Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1989, 186 pp.
Authors: Haro Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

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Ya Si-guang, Yoro K. Fall et al., Etre historien aujourd'hui, UNESCO, Éres, París, 1988, 350 pp.
Authors: Haro Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

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Tradición y modernidad: intelectuales chinos frente a la familia, 1920-1940
Authors: Botton Beja Flora , Cornejo Bustamante Romer
Published: August 2023

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Tres poetas árabes viajan a la lengua inglesa
Authors: Chuaqui Rubén
Published: August 2023

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La ebriedad en la antigua Mesopotamia
Authors: Pangas Julio César
Published: August 2023

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A. Marcus. The Middle East on the Eye of Modernity, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1990, 418 pp.
Authors: Graizbord Boris
Published: August 2023

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Alison Harley Black, Man and Nature in the Philosophical Thought of Wang-Fu-chih, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1989, 375 pp.
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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La narrativa de ficción china: el género gongán de crimen y detección
Authors: Page John
Published: August 2023

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Las agriculturas africanas frente al cambio. Respuestas sociales y técnicas en la zona selvática
Authors: Mollard E. , Leonard E.
Published: August 2023

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La historia de Si-Nuhe: sociedad e ideología en un texto literario del reino medio faraónico
Authors: Castañeda Reyes José Carlos
Published: August 2023

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Fascismo y religión en Rumania
Authors: Berger Adriana , Álvarez Mariela
Published: August 2023

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Mañana he de partir
Authors: Al-Qaysí Yalil , Lirola Delgado Pilar
Published: August 2023

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Susana Devalle (comp.). La diversidad prohibida: resistencia étnica y poder de estado. México: El Colegio de México, 1989.
Authors: Tamagno Liliana
Published: August 2023

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Bret Hinsch. Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. Berkeley y Los Ángeles: University of California Press, 1990, 232 pp.
Authors: Haro Francisco
Published: August 2023

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R. G. Henricks. The Poetry of Han-shan. Nueva York: State University of New York Press, 1990. V + 486 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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G. Whincup. Recovering the I Ching. [S.L.]: Doubleday & Company, 1986. 237 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Remi Mathieu . Anthologie des Mythes et Légendes de la Chine Ancienne. París: Gallimard, 1989, 262 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Samir Amin. El eurocentrismo: crítica de una ideología. (traducción al español de Rosa Cusminsky de Cendrero. México: Siglo XXI, 1989, 230 pp. (Sociología y Política.)
Authors: Taboada Hernán G. H.
Published: August 2023

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José María Gironella. Yo, Mahoma. Planeta, 1989. (Memorial de la historia, 194 pp., ilust.)
Authors: Taboada Hernán G. H.
Published: August 2023

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África: desórdenes de crecimiento
Authors: Meillassoux Claude
Published: August 2023

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Problemas y temas en el estudio de la religión tradicional africana: una presentación crítica de West African Traditional Religion de Kofi Asare Opoku
Authors: Loliyong Taban
Published: August 2023

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La migración asiática a Latinoamérica
Authors: Zlotnik Hania
Published: August 2023

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Para leer Nineteen ways of looking at Wang Wei
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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La Prasna Upanisad
Authors: Preciado Solís Benjamín
Published: August 2023

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La convención para una Sudáfrica democrática y la lucha por el poder en la Sudáfrica posapartheid
Authors: Fajer Flores Ana Luisa
Published: August 2023

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Perspectivas económicas de Angola en el proceso de democratización
Authors: Zoctizoum Yarisse
Published: August 2023

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La opinión pública de Japón frente a la internacionalización
Authors: Kerber Víctor
Published: August 2023

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Norman D. Palmer. The New Regionalism in Asia and the Pacific. Massachusetts/Toronto: Lexington books, 1991, 223 pp.
Authors: Martínez Legorreta Omar
Published: August 2023

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Los poemas de Han-Shan. Traducción, introducción y notas de Francisco Caudet. Madrid: Editorial Ayuso, 1985. 129 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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René Pélissier. La naissance de la Guiné: Portugais et Africains en Sénégambie (1841-1936). Prefacio de Léopold Sédar Senghor. Pélisier: Orgeval, 1989, 486 pp.
Authors: Liberato Carlos Franco
Published: August 2023

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Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja (comp.). Conflict in the Horn of Africa. Atlanta: African Studies Association Press, 1991, 190 pp.
Authors: Oto Alejandro de
Published: August 2023

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Bernard M. Magubane. The Ties that Bind, Africa World Press. Trenton: Inc. RJ., 1987
Authors: Herrera Barreda María del Socorro
Published: August 2023

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Dos cuentos de la hiena
Authors: Bokar Tierno
Published: August 2023

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A case of diphenhydramine intoxication showing prolonged false positive tricyclic antidepressant in the urine assay
Authors: Kim Dongsun , Shin Hyun Young , Ku Bon D.
Published: August 2023

Background

The urine immunochromatographic assay is a useful screening tool for patients suspected of acute drug intoxication in emergency conditions. Diphenhydramine intoxication shows symptoms similar to those of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) intoxication.

Case presentation

We examined a case of diphenhydramine intoxication showing cerebellar ataxia and prolonged false positive results for TCA in the urine. The urine TCA test showed persistently positive results even 60 h after the patient's initial drug screening. We observed negative conversion 90 h after the initial drug screening.

Discussion

Considering the similarities of clinical symptoms between diphenhydramine and TCA intoxication, emergency physicians should consider the possibility of cross-reactivity in the diagnosis of a patient with unknown acute drug intoxication showing positive results of TCA immunochromatographic assay in the urine.

Conclusion

The present case suggests that diphenhydramine overdose may cause cerebellar ataxia and show prolonged cross-reactivity as TCA in the urine.
Performance Comparison of Statistical vs. Neural-Based Translation System on Low-Resource Languages
Authors: Datta Goutam , Joshi Nisheeth , Gupta Kusum
Published: August 2023

One of the important applications for which natural language processing (NLP) is used is the machine translation (MT) system, which automatically converts one natural language to another. It has witnessed various paradigm shifts since its inception. Statistical machine translation (SMT) has dominated MT research for decades. In the recent past, researchers have focused on developing MT systems based on artificial neural networks (ANN). In this paper, first, some important deep learning models that are mostly exploited in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) design are discussed. A systematic comparison was done between the performances of SMT and NMT concerning the English-to-Bangla and English-to-Hindi translation tasks. Most of the Indian scripts are morphologically rich, and the availability of a sufficient corpus is rare. We have presented and analyzed our work and a survey was conducted on other low-resource languages, and finally some useful conclusions have been drawn.
Religiusitas dan Pengambilan Keputusan Menikah Pada Mahasiswi
Authors: Tyara Rizka , Mirza Mirza , Rachmatan Risana , Aprilia Eka Dian
Published: August 2023

Kemampuan memutuskan untuk menikah disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah proses spiritual dan religiusitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara religiusitas dengan pengambilan keputusan menikah pada mahasiswi di Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi perguruan tinggi yang ada di Kota Banda Aceh sebanyak 60 orang yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data religiusitas menggunakan Muslim Daily Religiosity Assesment Scale (α = 0.806) dan data pengambilan keputusan menikah menggunakan Skala Pengambilan Keputusan Menikah (α = 0.892) yang disusun oleh peneliti. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment menunjukkan nilai signifikansi (p) = 0,007 (p 0,05, r = 0,346). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif antara religiusitas dengan pengambilan keputusan menikah. Artinya semakin tinggi nilai religiusitasnya maka mahasiswi semakin mampu mengambil keputusan menikah saat kuliah. Individu yang memiliki nilai religiusitas tinggi akan selektif dalam mengambil sebuah keputusan dan tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran agamanya.
Self-Injury Behavior Pada Remaja Korban Perundungan dan Kaitannya dengan Kelekatan Orang Tua
Authors: Utami Guinea , Sari Novita , Dahlia Dahlia , Sari Kartika
Published: August 2023

Perundungan sering terjadi di sekolah dan berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan mental korban yang dapat berisiko pada perilaku self-injury behavior (perilaku merusak diri). Self-injury behavior erat kaitannya dengan relasi remaja dengan orang tuanya yang disebut sebagai kelekatan orang tua. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kelekatan orang tua dengan self-injury behavior pada korban perundungan di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik purpossive sampling, dan melibatkan 86 remaja dengan rentang usia 15-18 tahun. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur adaptasi Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) dengan α=0,947 untuk IPPA-R ayah, α=0,938 untuk IPPA-R ibu dan Self Harm Inventory (SHI) (α=,864). Analisis data menggunakan Spearman-Brown Formula dengan nilai koefisien korelasi kelekatan ayah dan self-injury behavior sebesar r=-0,535 (p=0,000) dan nilai koefisien korelasi kelekatan ibu dan self-injury behavior sebesar r=-0,523 (p=0,000). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kelekatan ayah dan kelekatan ibu dengan self-injury behavior. Artinya semakin tinggi kelekatan orang tua (ayah dan ibu) maka semakin rendah self-injury behavior pada remaja SMA korban perundungan.
An Islamic Perspective of Psychological Resilience: Case Study of The Tsunami Survivors in Aceh
Authors: Risky Rineza , Srimulyani Eka , Mawarpury Marty
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to examine the Islamic point of view and the role of Islam, particularly the disaster resilience, within the tsunami survivors in Aceh. This qualitative research involved 30 respondents who were the tsunami survivors from Aceh Jaya, Great Aceh and Banda Aceh. The data collection was accomplished by conducting interview and documentation. Those exposed that Islam played a vital role in forming their resilience since the victims believed that, in the view of Islamic perspective, the calamity and natural disaster occurred were the tests for their faith on Islam. This belief, which was based on their devotion to Allah, the Almighty, grew a well-formed resilience among the survivors.
Perbedaan Komitmen Karier Dosen Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin
Authors: Jovita Nurul Alifah , Riamanda Irin , Rachmatan Risana , Mirza Mirza
Published: August 2023

Dosen selaku tenaga pendidik profesional dituntut untuk senantiasa melakukan pengembangan karier secara terus-menerus hingga mendapat jabatan tertinggi sesuai dengan komitmennya. Oleh karena itu komitmen karier pada dosen memiliki makna sebagai keteguhan atau ketekunan dosen dalam menjalankan kariernya selama bekerja. Perguruan tinggi akan lebih maju jika seluruh dosennya memiliki komitmen karier yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan komitmen karier dosen ditinjau dari jenis kelamin. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu dosen di Universitas X. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposif dan diperoleh sebanyak 222 orang dosen (111 laki-laki dan 111 perempuan) yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan skala The Commitment Career Measure (CCM) yang disusun oleh Carson dan Bedeian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat komitmen karier pada dosen di Universitas X mayoritas termasuk pada kategori tinggi. Sementara analisis data menggunakan uji-t menunjukkan nilai signifikansi (p)=0,395 (p0.05). Berdasarkan skor tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan komitmen karier dosen Universitas X ditinjau dari jenis kelamin. Penyebab tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor motivasi yang berlaku sama baik pada laki-laki maupun perempuan, serta kebijakan netral dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan yang tidak dapat ditentukan berdasarkan jenis kelamin.
Aplication of the TikTok Assisted Problem-Based Learning Model on Straight-Line Equations
Authors: Dian Fitra  , Br Sinaga Desyanti
Published: August 2023

This study aims to see how the application of the problem-based learning model was assisted by the TikTok application on straight-line equations. This research was qualitative research using a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were 19 class VIII-I students of SMPN 9 Bayung Lencir. The data obtained in this study were analyzed through several stages, namely reducing data, presenting data, and verifying data or drawing conclusions. The research instruments used were tests and interviews. The results of the study show that students enjoy participating in the learning process using the problem-based learning model and learning videos using the TikTok application. The results of the interviews concluded that students felt happy and enthusiastic about learning straight-line equations material because the application of problem-based learning models and learning videos using the TikTok application was their first experience and was a pleasant experience. In addition, the advantage of using learning videos using the TikTok application is that learning videos can be played back anytime and anywhere so students find it helpful when they want to repeat learning material. Furthermore, the results of observations made by the teacher concluded that the use of video learning based on the TikTok application was able to make students more focused, and more active and students were not sleepy during the learning process
Identifying barriers associated with LGBT seniors’ housing: opportunities moving forward in the Canadian context
Authors: Thomas Ren , Blackmore Holly , Gahagan Jacqueline
Published: August 2023

This research aims to determine barriers to seniors’ housing options among the LGBT population in Canada. Using a qualitative analysis of open-ended questions from a survey of 982 LGBT seniors and housing providers across Canada, this paper discusses housing options for LGBT seniors and provides an overview of the implications for planning and operating LGBT-inclusive housing. Barriers identified by the LGBT community include: fear of discrimination, homophobia, transphobia and violence from staff and residents, housing affordability and availability, health challenges, feeling unsafe, intersectional barriers, and building maintenance. Barriers identified by housing service providers include: no current inclusion practices at their workplaces, lack of information for staff and seniors, health challenges for seniors and housing affordability. The findings discuss the potential for LGBT-specific seniors’ housing in Canada, and the role of housing service providers, health care providers, and planners in creating inclusive housing accommodations and services which meet the needs of all seniors. Approaches such as providing better information on housing choices to seniors, implementing anti-discrimination policies and LGBT competency training for housing providers and staff, providing affordable and accessible units, and LGBT community engagement in the development of housing are critical.
Influence of Corn Cob Ash-Silica Fume Blend on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete
Authors: Otieno Linda Akoth , Abuodha Sylvester , Mumenya Siphila , Munyua Muthomi
Published: August 2023

— This research explored the feasibility of corn cob ash-silica fume blend in the production of pozzolanic cement to produce High-Performance Concrete. The cement in concrete was partially replaced by corn cob ash-silica fume blend in 5,10,15 and 20% by weight of cement and was compared to a control mix of 0% replacement. An intelligent mix design, Densified Mix Design Algorithm (DMDA), was used to effectively reduce both water and cement content. In order to create high strength and workability, a polycarboxylate-based super plasticizing admixture was utilized in conjunction with a low water binder ratio of 0.35.  Compressive strength was appraised to determine the mechanical properties at days 3,7,14,28 and 56 to determine the optimum percentage replacement and compared to the control at the specific ages. With the optimum percentage replacement, the flexural test was investigated at 28 days. Water absorption and electrical resistivity tests were also investigated as potential indicators of durability. All of the blends that included corn cob ash and silica fume produced a higher strength than the control except 15 and 20%, with 10% replacement yielding a cube strength of 61 MPa at day 56.
Perempuan Minangkabau Dalam Fotografi Masa Kolonial Tahun 1900-1942
Authors: Ilma Ilma
Published: August 2023

Kemunculan fotografi dapat mempresentasikan terbukanya sebuah dunia baru. Permasalahan utama penelitian adalah seperti apa kehidupan perempuan Minangkabau dalam fotografi masa kolonial, serta menjelaskan gagasan-gagasan, deskripsi foto, dan relasinya dengan realitas perempuan Minangkabau masa kolonial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bentuk-bentuk kehidupan perempuan Minangkabau dalam fotografi masa kolonial sehingga dapat menjelaskan interaksi simbolik perempuan Minangkabau dalam fotografi dan konteks historisnya. Kajian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fotografi perempuan Minangkabau masa kolonial memperlihatkan kehidupan modern dan status sosial mereka dalam masyarakat. Perempuan Minangkabau masa kolonial menempatkan modernitas sebagai cara pandang dunia baru mereka, sehingga menghasilkan imaji dan gambaran perempuan yang memiliki nilai estetis sekaligus realitas.
The religious and ideological aspect of the monarchical idea in the works of the main representatives of the Russian socio – political thought of the monarchical bias of the second half of the XIX – early XX century .
Authors: Shemchenok Nikolai Anatol'evich
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is the views of the main representatives of the Russian socio –political thought of the pro–monarchist wing of the second half of the XIX - early XX century regarding the religious and ideological aspects of the monarchical idea. The comparative method is used to analyze the concepts of the selected authors. Also, the Cambridge School method was used in the analysis of texts, mainly the approach of J. Pocock to the reconstruction of political discourses. The analysis of the religious basis of the monarchical system allocated by thinkers is carried out, the conclusion is made about its significance as a basis and as the main marker of differentiation between different types of monarchy. Special attention is paid to various concepts concerning the monarchical ideology and monarchical statehood of the main representatives of the monarchical wing of Russian socio – political thought of the second half of the XIX – early XX century . The novelty and relevance of the work is determined by the consideration of certain aspects of the monarchy as a separate, independent system outside the context of conservative discourse, which makes it possible to interpret the monarchist ideology as an independent direction of political thought; this question has not yet been raised in this way directly in modern historiography. It is concluded that the idea of the greatest correspondence of the monarchical system to the natural political aspirations of the human community prevails in the works of the thinkers under consideration. Also, the author believes it possible, based on the representation of Russian monarchists of the era under study, to speak about the exceptional role of religious and moral categories as the basis of the monarchical system, which also serves as the basis for distinguishing the monarchical system from the standard opposition of liberalism and conservatism.
War in Rhodesia (1965-1979): fight against terrorists or civil conflict?
Authors: Gonta Semen Nikolaevich
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the war between the Rhodesian government and the black rebels from 1965 to 1979. The relevance of the work is due to the lack of fundamental research on these events in modern Russian historiography. The object of the study is the armed conflict in the territory of the Rhodesia, which took place in 1965-1979. The subject of the study is the activities of the rebel organizations that opposed the white government of the country. The author studied in detail the main events of the war in Rhodesia. Also, the work defines the role of external influence on the parties to the conflict under consideration, special attention is paid to the study of terrorist acts that were committed by members of rebel organizations. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the war in Rhodesia (1965-1979) was a civil conflict, while also being a local conflict within the global confrontation between capitalist and socialist countries. At the same time, the actions of the rebel organizations were by no means just a struggle for independence, but were accompanied by bloody terrorist acts against the civilian population.The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the main events of the military conflict, as well as in the study of the methods of fighting the rebels against the government of Rhodesia. The author's special contribution to the study of the topic is a detailed description of the terrorist acts in Rhodesia that were committed by members of the rebel organizations.
The Varangian Guard as an Instrument for Maintaining Domestic Political Stability during the reign of Michael IV the Paphlagonian (1034 – 1041)
Authors: Sukhodolskiy Dmitriy Nikolaevich
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the position and role of the Varangian Guard in the internal political events of Byzantine Empire during the reign of the emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian (1034 – 1041). The subject of the article is the Varangian Guard as a tool for maintaining power in the context of internal political struggle in Byzantium. The main conclusion of the study is the assumption that the active period of the formation of the Varangian Guard falls on the beginning of the reign of the Paphlagonian dynasty. The Byzantine emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian (1034 – 1041) and his relatives, who did not have strong ties with representatives of the Byzantine civil or military nobility, relied on the Varangian guard to maintain their own power and used it as an instrument of internal political struggle. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the activities of the Varangian Guard during the reign of the emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian (1034 – 1041) on the basis of Byzantine, Scandinavian and Old Russian sources of different times. In addition, the Varangian Guard is for the first time considered as an instrument not so much of the imperial power, but of the power of the Paphlagonian dynasty.
Mechanisms of the emergence and formation of guard units in the Russian Imperial Army
Authors: Andriainen Stanislav Valterovich
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the causes and patterns of the emergence of new guard units in the Russian Imperial Army. The author has identified six periods in this process. The author proposed his own methodology for determining why some regiments of the Russian army received the status of guards. According to the theory of the author of the article, only those regiments that met certain criteria had a chance to become guards. The process of transition of army units to guards was a long one. The author has identified several models for the formation of new guards military units. The reasons for the creation of new military units of the Guard were both military and political.   In the era of palace coups, political reasons for the creation of new guard formations dominated. They were created to protect the ruler. During the Napoleonic Wars, a large number of new guard units were created to solve combat tasks. According to the author of the article, by the end of the XIX century, the potential for creating new guards military units was almost exhausted and the process of consolidating the status of guards units began. At the same time, there was a curtailment of the national units that Emperor Nicholas I created as part of the guard. By the end of the XIX century, the division into Old and Young was abolished in the Russian Guard.
Post-operative anemia in children undergoing elective neurosurgery: An analysis of incidence, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Naik Shweta , Nirale Amruta , Bharadwaj Suparna , Sangeetha R. P. , Shukla Dhaval , Kamath Sriganesh
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Pediatric neurosurgeries carry a considerable risk of intraoperative bleeding and, subsequently, anemia in the post-operative period. Postoperative anemia is often multifactorial with several factors contributing to its occurrence. The present study aims to quantify the incidence of postoperative anemia, identify potential risk factors, and assess the impact of post-operative anemia on clinical outcomes in the pediatric neurosurgery population.

Materials and Methods:

This was a single-center and retrospective cohort study which included children <18 years of age undergoing elective neurosurgery. The data were extracted from the electronic and physical patient health records. Post-operative anemia was defined for this study as a hemoglobin value below 10 g/dL at any time up to 3 days after surgery.

Results:

A total of 300 children were recruited during the study period. The incidence of post-operative anemia after elective pediatric neurosurgery was 21.33%. Children in the post-operative anemia group were younger (P = 0.004), had lower pre-operative hemoglobin values (P < 0.001), belonged to higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (P = 0.023), underwent predominantly supratentorial (P = 0.041) and non-tumor surgeries (0.004), and received lesser intraoperative blood transfusion (P = 0.010) compared to no post-operative anemia group. The factors that remained predictive of post-operative anemia on multivariate analysis were ASA physical status (P = 0.018, odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.12–3.36), pre-operative hemoglobin (P < 0.001, OR = 0.64, 95% CI of 0.50–0.82), and intraoperative transfusion (P = 0.028, OR = 0.45, 95% CI of 0.22–0.92).

Conclusion:

Optimization of modifiable risk factors is essential to reduce the occurrence of post-operative anemia and improve outcomes in pediatric neurosurgical patients
Neurodevelopmental assessment of children with congenital heart diseases using Trivandrum developmental screening chart
Authors: Uke Punam , Gaikwad Sarika Bhimrao , Swarnkar Keerti , Lamture Varsha , Khartade Prashant
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are one of the most important congenital anomalies in children which have high-risk for neurodevelopment delay. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of developmental delay in children with CHD and comparison of delay between acyanotic and cyanotic heart diseases in children.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on children admitted in pediatric ward of rural hospital from 6 month to 6 years of age who are diagnosed with CHD by 2D ECHO and further classified into acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) and cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). Neurodevelopmental assessment was done using Trivandrum development screening chart (TDSC).

Results:

Out of total 50 children in study population, 24 children had TDSC delay, distribution as 11 (22%) ACHD and 13 (26%) CCHD. Out of 24 children in the age group of 0–3 years, 13 (54.2%) were ACHD and 11 (45.8%) were CCHD. Out of 26 children in the age group of 3–6 years, 15 (57.7%) were ACHD and 11 (42.3%) were CCHD. Among different ACHD included in the study population (0–3 years) children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) were maximum (n = 5) next in the decreasing order was atrial septal defect (ASD) (n = 3). ACHD included in the study population (3–6 years) children with VSD was maximum (n = 6) next in the order was ASD (n = 4). Proportion of delay in children with ACHD was 22% as compared to 26% in children with CCHD.

Conclusion:

There is a high proportion of neurodevelopmental delay in children with CHD which can be detected using TDSC which is a simple screening tool and can be used by any health-care professional without training for the assessment of neurodevelopmental outcome in these children. Delay was more in children with CCHD than ACHD.
Performance of serial CT ASPECTS for predicting stroke outcomes in patients with thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Krongsut Sarawut , Naraphong Wipasiri , Srikaew Surachet , Anusasnsee Niyada
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of serial ASPECTS for predicting IHM and unfavorable outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale score ≥3 at the time of discharge from the hospital in thrombolyzed AACIS patients.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study examined thrombolyzed AACIS patients admitted at Saraburi Hospital, a regional health-care facility in Thailand. The study was conducted between January 2015 and July 2022. The comparative predictive performance of the baseline ASPECTS, 24-h ASPECTS, and change in ASPECTS for IHM and unfavorable outcome was examined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The optimal cutoff values were identified based on Youden’s index and the nonparametric method to compare the area under the ROC curve (AuROC) among the three scales. The potential confounders adjusted by multivariable logistic regression were reported odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

Three hundred and forty-five patients with thrombolyzed AACIS were analyzed; the median age was 61.8 ± 15.2 years. 53.0% were male, and the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 11 points (interquartile range: 8–17). The AuROC for predicting IHM was 0.823 for the baseline ASPECTS, 0.955 for 24-h ASPECTS, and 0.920 for the change in ASPECTS. For predicting unfavorable outcome, the AuROC was 0.744 for the baseline ASPECTS, 0.853 for 24-h ASPECTS, and 0.800 for the change in ASPECTS. After adjusting for other factors, the OR for predicting IHM was 14.38 (95% CI: 1.69–122.57) for 24-h ASPECTS and 16.7 (95% CI: 4.36–64.01) for the change in ASPECTS. Regarding unfavorable outcome, the adjusted OR was 5.58 (95% CI: 1.83–17.01) for 24-h ASPECTS and 4.85 (95% CI: 2.45–9.60) for the change in ASPECTS.

Conclusion:

The 24-h ASPECTS and change in ASPECTS could be more precise predictors for predicting IHM and unfavorable outcome in patients with thrombolyzed AACIS.
Sexual and reproductive health problems among women with mental illness attending tertiary care psychiatric outpatient clinic in India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Sundaram , Rajagopal Kaipangala , Govindan Radhakrishnan , Ganjekar Sundarnag , Prathyusha P. V. , Chacko Leena Kunnath
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is a vital concern among women with mental illness (WMI) due to the increased risk for unplanned pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and poor obstetric outcomes. Objective of the study was to explore the current use of family planning (FP) methods, symptoms of STIs and sexual dysfunction among WMI.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study involved 404 WMI of reproductive age (18-49 years) attending tertiary care psychiatric outpatient clinics in India. During face-to-face interviews, centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)-reproductive health assessment toolkit-FP questionnaire, STI questionnaire and Female sexual function index (FSFI) were used to collect the data.

Results:

Of 404 WMI, 261(64.6%) were users, and 137 (33.9%) were non-users of FP methods. About 6(1.5%) WMI did not respond FP methods question. Female sterilization was the highest among the users, 244(93%). Among non-users, 100 (73%) were unaware of choosing the effective method of FP. Most of the WMI, 377(93.3%), were unaware of STIs. The symptoms of STI reported include unusual genital discharge 62(15.3%) and genital ulcers/ sores 58(14.4 %). Most of them, 76(63.3%), were not on any treatment. The most common reason for not taking treatment was feeling ashamed 70(92.1%). Female sexual dysfunction was reported in 176(43.6%). Most of the WMI had difficulties in the arousal domain 288(71.3%), followed by low desire 233(57.7%) and dissatisfaction 186(46%).

Conclusion:

Most WMI underwent sterilization. Non-users of FP methods were not aware of choosing the effective method. Awareness about STIs was poor, and feeling ashamed was the primary reason for not availing of medical help. Nearly half of the WMI reported sexual dysfunction, among which arousal difficulties, low desire and dissatisfaction were common. Health professionals need to increase awareness about FP methods and symptoms of STIs among WMIs. Women require appropriate counselling regarding SRH and treatment for sexual dysfunction.
Caracterización y distribución de las comunidades leñosas del ecotono sur Espinal-Monte, Argentina
Authors: Torres Robles Silvia S. , Rodríguez Laura B.
Published: August 2023

La vegetación leñosa del ecotono sur Espinal-Monte provee servicios ecosistémicos clave como proteger el suelo de los procesos de erosión. Para las poblaciones humanas de la Patagonia representa un recurso leñero no valorado económicamente en el circuito comercial forestal. La región ecotonal incluye tres provincias diferentes con distintos criterios de protección y manejo de bosques, lo cual dificulta contar con información cuantitativa y cualitativa del recurso forestal para establecer lineamientos de manejo integral. En este trabajo se buscó describir la variación estructural y composicional en un gradiente geográfico-climático (NE-SO) según una clasificación de cobertura abierta y densa, y realizar un mapa de la distribución de las clases de cobertura. Los sitios ubicados al noreste se asociaron a situaciones boscosas, con mayor frecuencia de especies arbóreas representativas del Espinal. Si bien en todo el gradiente geográfico se encontraron situaciones de cobertura densa, las situaciones densas se concentraron hacia el NE de la región y las situaciones abiertas se concentraron hacia el SO. Las situaciones densas del NE se diferenciaron significativamente de las situaciones densas del SO por presentar mayor cobertura y altura promedio de los estratos arbóreo y arbustivo. Las situaciones abiertas del NE se diferenciaron significativamente de las situaciones abiertas del SO por presentar mayores valores en cobertura arbórea y altura promedio del estrato arbustivo, mientras que la riqueza fue mayor en los sitios del SO con respecto a los sitios del NE. En el marco del ordenamiento territorial de la transición sur Espinal-Monte, la caracterización y la realización de un mapa de la vegetación leñosa nos permite conocer el estado de conservación de estas comunidades así como también el valor económico, comercial y ambiental de los recursos forestales.
Los mosaicos de vegetación y roca maximizan los servicios hídricos en las zonas altas de montaña del centro de la Argentina
Authors: Cingolani Ana M. , Poca María , Whitworth-Hulse Juan I. , Giorgis Melisa A. , Vaieretti María V. , Herrero M. Lucrecia , Navarro-Ramos Silvia E. , Renison Daniel
Published: August 2023

En sistemas con lluvias estacionales, el rendimiento hídrico (caudal de salida del curso de agua relativo al área de la cuenca) en la estación seca depende de las lluvias previas y de la infiltración y la evapotranspiración, procesos que, a su vez, están afectados por las características del paisaje. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de distintas variables de paisaje sobre el rendimiento hídrico y la tasa de recesión (tasa a la que disminuye el caudal) durante la estación seca, en cuencas de alta montaña del centro de la Argentina. Seleccionamos 33 cuencas de 9-61 ha, y durante el final de la estación seca de 2017 medimos semanalmente el caudal en sus puntos de cierre durante siete semanas consecutivas. Para cada cuenca calculamos el rendimiento hídrico (mm/mes) promedio y un índice de recesión (adimensional) como la diferencia normalizada del rendimiento entre las últimas y las primeras fechas. Los paisajes extensamente ocupados por un mosaico de pajonal y roca, con pendiente y rugosidad intermedias, tuvieron los rendimientos hídricos máximos (>5 mm/mes). Por lo contrario, el rendimiento hídrico fue más bajo tanto en los paisajes suaves y cubiertos por vegetación, como en los muy ásperos (muy rugosos, escarpados y rocosos). Por su parte, la recesión fue lenta en los paisajes más ásperos y muy abrupta en los paisajes más suaves. Posiblemente, en los paisajes suaves y vegetados se pierde mucha agua por evapotranspiración, mientras que en los paisajes muy ásperos se pierde mucha agua por escorrentía después de las lluvias. Los paisajes con aspereza intermedia y un mosaico de vegetación y roca serían los que optimizan el almacenamiento, minimizando las pérdidas por evapotranspiración. Por lo tanto, para sostener el rendimiento hídrico es prioritario conservar este tipo de paisajes, evitando la erosión del suelo que genera un aumento de áreas rocosas.
Technical Analysis of Goals Scored in 3 Different European Leagues in The 2020-2021 Football Season
Authors: IŞIKDEMİR Erhan , ÖZKÜRKÇÜ Süleyman , ÖZER Sevket Cihat
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to classify the goals scored in the 2020-2021 football season in Turkish Super League (TSL), English Premier League (EPL), and French League 1 (FL1) according to technical and tactical criteria, and to reveal the differences and similarities between the leagues. The scope of the research consists of a total of 3209 goals scored in 1180 football matches played in 3 different European Leagues in the 2020-2021 season. Each goal was classified according to the minute interval, the area where the attacking move started, the number of touches by the player before scoring, and the goals scored from set pieces. The frequency and percentage distributions of all data were calculated separately for each league. According to the results obtained, the most goals were scored in TSL (f: 1136 goals), while the least goals were scored in EPL (f: 1024 goals). Looking at the distribution of total goals by minute intervals, the most goals were scored in the last quarter of the game in TSL (f:199; 17.5%), EPL (f:166; 16.2%), and FL1 (f:186; 17.7%), while the least goals were scored in the added time of the first half. When looking at the number of touches by the player who scored the goal, it was found that the most goals were scored with one touch. Regarding the direction of the attacking move, it was observed that the rate of goals scored after wing attacks was lower in FL1 than in TSL and EPL, but the number of goals scored from central attacks was higher. According to the results, it is understood that the teams in the leagues have different game structures, which are decisive in determining the goal criteria.
To develop and evaluate the in-vitro anti oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of polyherbal Gel
Authors: M Suchitra , K Harinadha Baba , R Yamini , P Sri Harshitha , G Surekha , T Pavani , Jain Sakshi
Published: August 2023

Herbal medicines are used for their safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability and lesser side effects. The chemical constituents present in plants are a part of the physiological functions of living system and hence they are believed to have better compatibility with the human body. These drugs are made from renewable resources of raw materials by eco-friendly processes and will bring economic prosperity. An herb is a plant or plant part used for its scent, flavor, or therapeutic properties. They are sold as tablets, capsules, powders, teas, extracts, and fresh or dried plants. People use herbal medicines to try to maintain or improve their health. Products made from botanicals, or plants, that are used to treat diseases or to maintain health are called herbal products, botanical products, or phytomedicines. A product made from plants and used solely for internal use is called an herbal supplement.
Multiple Response Optimization: Comparative Analysis Between Models Obtained by Ordinary Least Method and Genetic Programming
Authors: Sampaio Nilo Antonio de Souza , Reis José Salvador da Motta , De Barros José Glenio Medeiros , De Carvalho Cleginaldo Pereira , Gomes Fabricio Maciel , Barbosa Luís César Ferreira Motta , Silva Messias Borges
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This work aims to analyze and compare the performance between the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method executed in Minitab (v. 17) and the genetic programming performed in Eureqa Formulize (v. 1.24.0).
 
Theoretical reference: Obtaining a model that mathematically describes the relationship between the independent variable and the response variable is essential to optimizing the process. The model can be described as an approximate representation of the real system or process, while the modeling process is a balance between simplicity and accuracy (X. Chen et al., 2018; Gomes et al., 2019; Sampaio et al., 2022; A. R. S. Silva et al., 2021).
 
Method: An Evaluation of the best method for constructing mathematical models was performed using the Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (Radj2) and Akaike's Information Criterion
 
Results and conclusion: The comparison between the use of the methods showed the superiority of genetic programming over OLS in the construction of mathematical models.
 
Originality/Value: Genetic Programming produces mathematical models that are sometimes differentiated when several replicates are performed, but always with similar explanatory power and with biased characteristic that does not affect in any way the quality of prediction of the dependent variable being studied.
From Drunken Woman to Female Inebriate? Drinking as Vice,
Crime, Sin or Disease in Victorian and Edwardian London
Authors:   , White Katy
Published: August 2023

This thesis examines women’s drinking and drunkenness in Victorian and Edwardian London between c. 1878 and 1914. It charts the ways in which drunkenness, or inebriety, was condemned and how it generated anxiety from reformers and commentators.

The thesis examines how inebriety was discussed in contemporary papers and commentary in order to explore the ways it was understood by Victorian and Edwardian society. It utilises newspapers, medical literature and political debates and discourses to shed light on why the female inebriate was perceived as a particular cause of concern, more so than her male counterpart. It also uses studies on working-class identities to examine how women’s drinking was seen as a key component of urban degeneration, and how concerns around women and the working classes heightened anxieties around the visibility of drunkenness as vice.

It applies lenses of gender and class analysis to examine how emphasising the need for control and the idea of degeneration made the female inebriate a complex figure, particularly in terms of mental illness, participation in public life, morality and sexuality. It argues that control of female inebriety was elicited through both physical and rhetorical methods, but that both demonstrated a willingness to move away from simple criminalisation.

This thesis charts the shift from viewing women’s drunkenness as a crime to seeing female inebriety as a disease, but argues that though this shift occurred, it was made complex and even undermined by discourses around femininity and social and cultural degeneration. Existing scholarship acknowledges that because there was no consensus on how to categorise inebriety itself, it was difficult to diagnose the inebriate. This thesis extends this categorisation by arguing that the figure of the female inebriate complicated the idea of whether drunkenness was a cause or a symptom of social degeneration, and therefore made “solving” inebriety a particularly difficult problem.