bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sulfite oxidase Shopper controls neuronal activity by regulating glutamate homeostasis in Drosophila ensheathing glia
Authors: Otto Nils , Marelja Zvonimir , Schoofs Andreas , Kranenburg Holger , Bittern Jonas , Yildirim Kerem , Berh Dimitri , Bethke Maria , Thomas Silke , Rode Sandra , Risse Benjamin , Jiang Xiaoyi , Pankratz Michael , Leimkühler Silke , Klämbt Christian
Published: August 2018

Specialized glial subtypes provide support to developing and functioning neural networks. Astrocytes modulate information processing by neurotransmitter recycling and release of neuromodulatory substances, whereas ensheathing glial cells have not been associated with neuromodulatory functions yet. To decipher a possible role of ensheathing glia in neuronal information processing, we screened for glial genes required in the Drosophila central nervous system for normal locomotor behavior. Shopper encodes a mitochondrial sulfite oxidase that is specifically required in ensheathing glia to regulate head bending and peristalsis. shopper mutants show elevated sulfite levels affecting the glutamate homeostasis which then act on neuronal network function. Interestingly, human patients lacking the Shopper homolog SUOX develop neurological symptoms, including seizures. Given an enhanced expression of SUOX by oligodendrocytes, our findings might indicate that in both invertebrates and vertebrates more than one glial cell type may be involved in modulating neuronal activity.
In vivo phosphoproteomics reveals kinase activity profiles that predict treatment outcome in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zagorac Ivana , Fernandez-Gaitero Sara , Penning Renske , Post Harm , Bueno Maria J. , Mouron Silvana , Manso Luis , Morente Manuel M. , Alonso Soledad , Serra Violeta , Muñoz Javier , Gómez-López Gonzalo , Lopez-Acosta Jose Francisco , Jimenez-Renard Veronica , Gris-Oliver Albert , Al-Shahrour Fatima , Piñeiro-Yañez Elena , Montoya-Suarez Jose Luis , Apala Juan V. , Moreno-Torres Amalia , Colomer Ramon , Dopazo Ana , Heck Albert J. R. , Altelaar Maarten , Quintela-Fandino Miguel
Published: August 2018

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks prognostic and predictive markers. Here, we use high-throughput phosphoproteomics to build a functional TNBC taxonomy. A cluster of 159 phosphosites is upregulated in relapsed cases of a training set (n = 34 patients), with 11 hyperactive kinases accounting for this phosphoprofile. A mass-spectrometry-to-immunohistochemistry translation step, assessing 2 independent validation sets, reveals 6 kinases with preserved independent prognostic value. The kinases split the validation set into two patterns: one without hyperactive kinases being associated with a >90% relapse-free rate, and the other one showing ≥1 hyperactive kinase and being associated with an up to 9.5-fold higher relapse risk. Each kinase pattern encompasses different mutational patterns, simplifying mutation-based taxonomy. Drug regimens designed based on these 6 kinases show promising antitumour activity in TNBC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. In summary, the present study elucidates phosphosites and kinases implicated in TNBC and suggests a target-based clinical classification system for TNBC.
Systematic mapping of BCL-2 gene dependencies in cancer reveals molecular determinants of BH3 mimetic sensitivity
Authors: Soderquist Ryan S. , Crawford Lorin , Liu Esther , Lu Min , Agarwal Anika , Anderson Gray R. , Lin Kevin H. , Winter Peter S. , Cakir Merve , Wood Kris C.
Published: August 2018

While inhibitors of BCL-2 family proteins (BH3 mimetics) have shown promise as anti-cancer agents, the various dependencies or co-dependencies of diverse cancers on BCL-2 genes remain poorly understood. Here we develop a drug screening approach to define the sensitivity of cancer cells from ten tissue types to all possible combinations of selective BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 inhibitors and discover that most cell lines depend on at least one combination for survival. We demonstrate that expression levels of BCL-2 genes predict single mimetic sensitivity, whereas EMT status predicts synergistic dependence on BCL-XL+MCL-1. Lastly, we use a CRISPR/Cas9 screen to discover that BFL-1 and BCL-w promote resistance to all tested combinations of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 inhibitors. Together, these results provide a roadmap for rationally targeting BCL-2 family dependencies in diverse human cancers and motivate the development of selective BFL-1 and BCL-w inhibitors to overcome intrinsic resistance to BH3 mimetics.
Reconciling persistent and dynamic hypotheses of working memory coding in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Cavanagh Sean E. , Towers John P. , Wallis Joni D. , Hunt Laurence T. , Kennerley Steven W.
Published: August 2018

Competing accounts propose that working memory (WM) is subserved either by persistent activity in single neurons or by dynamic (time-varying) activity across a neural population. Here, we compare these hypotheses across four regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in an oculomotor-delayed-response task, where an intervening cue indicated the reward available for a correct saccade. WM representations were strongest in ventrolateral PFC neurons with higher intrinsic temporal stability (time-constant). At the population-level, although a stable mnemonic state was reached during the delay, this tuning geometry was reversed relative to cue-period selectivity, and was disrupted by the reward cue. Single-neuron analysis revealed many neurons switched to coding reward, rather than maintaining task-relevant spatial selectivity until saccade. These results imply WM is fulfilled by dynamic, population-level activity within high time-constant neurons. Rather than persistent activity supporting stable mnemonic representations that bridge subsequent salient stimuli, PFC neurons may stabilise a dynamic population-level process supporting WM.
Melting conditions in the modern Tibetan crust since the Miocene
Authors: Chen Jinyu , Gaillard Fabrice , Villaros Arnaud , Yang Xiaosong , Laumonier Mickael , Jolivet Laurent , Unsworth Martyn , Hashim Leïla , Scaillet Bruno , Richard Guillaume
Published: August 2018

Abundant granitic rocks exposed in ancient mountain belts suggest that crustal melting plays a major role in orogenic processes. However, complex field relations and superposition of multiple tectonic events make it difficult to determine the role of melting in orogenesis. In contrast, geophysical measurements image present-day crustal conditions but cannot discriminate between partial melt and aqueous fluids. Here we connect pressure–temperature paths of Himalayan Miocene crustal rocks to the present-day conditions beneath the Tibetan plateau imaged with geophysical data. We use measurements of electrical conductivity to show that 4–16% water-rich melt is required to explain the crustal conductivity in the north-western Himalaya. In southern Tibet, higher melt fractions >30% reflect a crust that is either fluid-enriched (+1% H2O) or hotter (+100 °C) compared to the Miocene crust. These melt fractions are high enough for the partially molten rocks to be significantly weaker than the solid crust.
Mapping the elastic properties of two-dimensional MoS2 via bimodal atomic force microscopy and finite element simulation
Authors: Li Yuhao , Yu Chuanbin , Gan Yingye , Jiang Peng , Yu Junxi , Ou Yun , Zou Dai-Feng , Huang Cheng , Wang Jiahong , Jia Tingting , Luo Qian , Yu Xue-Feng , Zhao Huijuan , Gao Cun-Fa , Li Jiangyu
Published: August 2018

Elasticity is a fundamental mechanical property of two-dimensional (2D) materials, and is critical for their application as well as for strain engineering. However, accurate measurement of the elastic modulus of 2D materials remains a challenge, and the conventional suspension method suffers from a number of drawbacks. In this work, we demonstrate a method to map the in-plane Young’s modulus of mono- and bi-layer MoS2 on a substrate with high spatial resolution. Bimodal atomic force microscopy is used to accurately map the effective spring constant between the microscope tip and sample, and a finite element method is developed to quantitatively account for the effect of substrate stiffness on deformation. Using these methods, the in-plane Young’s modulus of monolayer MoS2 can be decoupled from the substrate and determined as 265 ± 13 GPa, broadly consistent with previous reports though with substantially smaller uncertainty. It is also found that the elasticity of mono- and bi-layer MoS2 cannot be differentiated, which is confirmed by the first principles calculations. This method provides a convenient, robust and accurate means to map the in-plane Young’s modulus of 2D materials on a substrate.
Microbiota dysbiosis and its pathophysiological significance in bowel obstruction
Authors: Hegde Shrilakshmi , Lin You-Min , Golovko George , Khanipov Kamil , Cong Yingzi , Savidge Tor , Fofanov Yuriy , Shi Xuan-Zheng
Published: August 2018

Bowel obstruction (OB) causes local and systemic dysfunctions. Here we investigated whether obstruction leads to alterations in microbiota community composition and total abundance, and if so whether these changes contribute to dysfunctions in OB. Partial colon obstruction was maintained in rats for 7 days. The mid colon and its intraluminal feces - proximal to the obstruction - were studied. OB did not cause bacterial overgrowth or mucosa inflammation, but induced profound changes in fecal microbiota composition and diversity. At the phylum level, the 16S rRNA sequencing showed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes with corresponding increases in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in OB compared with sham controls. Daily treatment using broad spectrum antibiotics dramatically reduced total bacterial abundance, but increased the relative presence of Proteobacteria. Antibiotics eliminated viable bacteria in the spleen and liver, but not in the mesentery lymph node in OB. Although antibiotic treatment decreased muscle contractility in sham rats, it had little effect on OB-associated suppression of muscle contractility or inflammatory changes in the muscle layer. In conclusion, obstruction leads to marked dysbiosis in the colon. Antibiotic eradication of microbiota had limited effects on obstruction-associated changes in inflammation, motility, or bacterial translocation.
Genetic polymorphisms of GZMB and vitiligo: A genetic association study based on Chinese Han population
Authors: Xu Meifeng , Liu Yan , Liu Yale , Li Xiaoli , Chen Gang , Dong Wei , Xiao Shengxiang
Published: August 2018

Vitiligo is a skin disease that affects 1% of the population worldwide. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the risk of vitiligo.GZMBencodes the enzyme Granzyme B, which plays an important role in cytotoxic T cell-induced apoptosis, and it has been considered one of the candidate genes for vitiligo because of its connections with human immune system. Overall, 3,120 study subjects with Chinese Han ancestry were recruited, and 15 pre-selected SNPs ofGZMBwere genotyped. Genetic association analyses were performed to evaluate the genetic risk of these SNPs to vitiligo. Further bioinformatic analyses were conducted to examine the potential biological function of targeted SNPs. The SNP rs8192917, a non-synonymous coding SNP, was identified to be significantly associated with the disease status of vitiligo, with OR = 1.39 andP = 1.92 × 10−8. Differences in the association signal can be observed in the stratification analyses of multiple clinical variables. Our positive results provide additional supportive evidence thatGZMBgene is an important locus for vitiligo in Han Chinese population.
A common polymorphism of COMT was associated with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation based on a large sample with Chinese Han ancestry
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Zhao Hongmou , Li Zhong , Xue Hanzhong , Lu Jun , Ma Wei
Published: August 2018

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common spine disease characterized by a tear in the disc ring and bulges out at the soft portion. COMT is a protein coding gene located at 22q11.21, and its gene product is a major mammalian enzyme involved in the degradation of catecholamines. A total of 2,678 study subjects with Chinese Han ancestry were recruited and 15 SNPs were selected for genotyping in our study subjects. A synonymous coding SNP, rs4633, was identified to be significantly associated with the disease status of LDH after adjusting for BMI (OR = 0.76, P = 4.83 × 10−5). This SNP was also identified to be significantly associated with COMT gene expression in three types of human tissues. Minor alleles of rs4633 (T) increased the expression of COMT in these 3 tissues. We have identified a significant SNP of COMT, rs4633, which is associated with symptomatic LDH in a large Chinese Han-based sample of the study subjects. This significant finding is further replicated by haplotypic analysis. Evidence from bioinformatics analyses have shown that rs4633 is also significantly associated with the gene expression of COMT. Our findings provide additional supportive evidence for an important role of COMT gene in the symptomatic LDH susceptibility.
Assessing Radiation Hardness of Silicon Photonic Sensors
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Cumberland Lonnie T. , Klimov Nikolai N. , Pazos Ileana M. , Tosh Ronald E. , Fitzgerald Ryan
Published: August 2018

In recent years, silicon photonic platforms have undergone rapid maturation enabling not only optical communication but complex scientific experiments ranging from sensors applications to fundamental physics investigations. There is considerable interest in deploying photonics-based communication and science instruments in harsh environments such as outer space, where radiation damage is a significant concern. In this study, we have examined the impact of cobalt-60 γ-ray radiation up to 1 megagray (MGy) absorbed dose on silicon photonic devices. We do not find any systematic impact of radiation on passivated devices, indicating the durability of passivated silicon devices under harsh conditions.
Author Correction: Three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold for controlled non-viral drug/gene delivery to direct axon regeneration in spinal cord injury treatment
Authors: Nguyen Lan Huong , Gao Mingyong , Lin Junquan , Wu Wutian , Wang Jun , Chew Sing Yian
Published: August 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Higher leukocyte count predicts 3-month poor outcome of ruptured cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Yao Pei-Sen , Chen Guo-Rong , Xie Xue-Ling , Shang-Guan Huang-Cheng , Gao Jin-Zhen , Lin Yuan-Xiang , Zheng Shu-Fa , Lin Zhang-Ya , Kang De-Zhi
Published: August 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Non-parametric detection of atmospheric radon concentration anomalies related to earthquakes
Authors: Iwata Daichi , Nagahama Hiroyuki , Muto Jun , Yasuoka Yumi
Published: August 2018

Anomalous phenomena related to earthquakes have been studied to aid in the forecasting of large earthquakes. Radon (222Rn) concentration changes are known to be one of those phenomena. Many studies have quantified radon anomalies to identify physical aspects of radon emanations related to earthquakes. Here, we apply singular spectrum transformation, non-parametric analysis to estimate change points in time series, to atmospheric radon concentration. From 10 years of data from continuous observation of the atmospheric radon concentration over northeastern Japan and Hokkaido, we identify anomalies in the atmospheric radon concentration related to the moment releases of large earthquakes. Compared with a conventional model-based method, the singular spectrum transformation method identifies more anomalies. Moreover, we also find that change points in the atmospheric radon concentration prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0; 11 Mar. 2011, N38.1°, E142.9°) coincided with periods of other anomalous precursory phenomena. Our results indicate that singular spectrum transformation can be used to detect anomalies in atmospheric radon concentration related to the occurrences of large earthquakes.
Synergistic effect of land-use and vegetation greenness on vulture nestling body condition in arid ecosystems
Authors: Santangeli Andrea , Spiegel Orr , Bridgeford Peter , Girardello Marco
Published: August 2018

Climate-driven environmental change and land-use change often interact in their impact on biodiversity, but these interactions have received little scientific attention. Here we study the effects of climate-driven environmental variation (i.e. vegetation greenness) and land-use (protected versus unprotected areas) on body condition of vulture nestlings in savannah landscapes. We combine ringing data on nestling measurements of two vultures (lappet-faced and African white-backed vulture) with land-use and environmental variables. We show that body condition of white-backed vulture nestlings decreased through the study period and was lowest inside protected areas. For the lappet-faced vulture, nestling condition was improved during harsh years with lower than average vegetation greenness assumed to result in increased ungulate mortality, but only within protected areas. Such interaction was not tested for the white-backed vulture due to collinearity. The species-specific effects of land-use and vegetation greenness on nestling condition of the two sympatric vulture species likely stem from their different life-histories, diet preferences and foraging behaviour. While translation of current findings on nestling conditions to their possible influence on population demography and species persistence require further studies, our findings demonstrate how environmental change may trigger selective bottom-up ecosystem responses in arid environments under global change.
The phylogenetic relationships and species richness of host-specific Dactylogyrus parasites shaped by the biogeography of Balkan cyprinids
Authors: Benovics Michal , Desdevises Yves , Vukić Jasna , Šanda Radek , Šimková Andrea
Published: August 2018

Parasites exhibiting a high degree of host specificity are expected to be intimately associated with their hosts. Therefore, the evolution of host-specific parasites is at least partially shaped by the evolutionary history and distribution of such hosts. Gill ectoparasites of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) are specific to cyprinid fish. In the present study, we investigated the evolutionary history of 47 Dactylogyrus species from the Balkan Peninsula, the Mediteranean region exhibiting the highest cyprinid diversity in Europe, and from central European cyprinids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed four well-supported clades of endemic and non-endemic Dactylogyrus spp. with four basal taxa. Endemic cyprinids with a limited distribution range were parasitized by endemic Dactylogyrus species, but some of them shared several Dactylogyrus species with central European cyprinids. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data suggest that Dactylogyrus diversity is higher than that defined from morphology. Some endemic cyprinid species harboured Dactylogyrus species of different origins, this probably resulting from multiple host switching. Our results support the view that the evolution of Dactylogyrus in the Balkans has been influenced not only by the historical dispersion and distribution of their cyprinid hosts, but also by recent contacts of non-native cyprinid species with endemic cyprinid fauna in this region.
Modified RNA triplexes: Thermodynamics, structure and biological potential
Authors: Szabat Marta , Kierzek Elzbieta , Kierzek Ryszard
Published: August 2018

The occurrence of triplexesin vivohas been well documented and is determined by the presence of long homopurine-homopyrimidine tracts. The formation of these structures is the result of conformational changes that occur in the duplex, which allow the binding of a third strand within the major groove of the helix. Formation of these noncanonical forms by introducing synthetic triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) into the cell may have applications in molecular biology, diagnostics and therapy. This study focused on the formation of RNA triplexes as well as their thermal stability and biological potential in theHeLacell line. Thermodynamics studies revealed that the incorporation of multiple locked nucleic acid (LNA) and 2-thiouridine (2-thioU) residues increased the stability of RNA triplexes. These data suggest that the number and position of the modified nucleotides within TFOs significantly stabilize the formed structures. Moreover, specificity of the interactions between the modified TFOs and the RNA hairpin was characterized using electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA), and triplex dissociation constants have been also determined. Finally, through quantitative analysis of GFP expression, the triplex structures were shown to regulate GFP gene silencing. Together, our data provide a first glimpse into the thermodynamic, structural and biological properties of LNA- and 2-thioU modified RNA triplexes.
The use of social features in mobile health interventions to promote physical activity: a systematic review
Authors: Tong Huong Ly , Laranjo Liliana
Published: August 2018

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies have increasingly been used in interventions to promote physical activity (PA), yet, they often have high attrition rates. Integrating social features into mHealth has the potential to engage users; however, little is known about the efficacy and user engagement of such interventions. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to characterize and evaluate the impact of interventions integrating social features in mHealth interventions to promote PA. During database screening, studies were included if they involved people who were exposed to a mHealth intervention with social features, to promote PA. We conducted a narrative synthesis of included studies and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Nineteen studies were included: 4 RCTs, 10 quasi-experimental, and 5 non-experimental studies. Most experimental studies had retention rates above 80%, except two. Social features were often used to provide social support or comparison. The meta-analysis found a non-significant effect on PA outcomes [standardized difference in means = 0.957, 95% confidence interval −1.09 to 3.00]. Users’ preferences of social features were mixed: some felt more motivated by social support and competition, while others expressed concerns about comparison, indicating that a one-size-fits-all approach is insufficient. In summary, this is an emerging area of research, with limited evidence suggesting that social features may increase user engagement. However, due to the quasi-experimental and multi-component nature of most studies, it is difficult to determine the specific impact of social features, suggesting the need for more robust studies to assess the impact of different intervention components.
Label-free determination of adenosine and mercury ions according to force mapping-based force-to-color variety
Authors: Li Qing , Wei Gang
Published: August 2018

Force mapping can be used as a novel force-to-color sensing technique for the label-free detection of adenosine and Hg2+.
An active DNA-based nanoprobe for photoacoustic pH imaging
Authors: Baumann Kevin N. , Fux Alexandra C. , Joseph James , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Hernández-Ainsa Silvia
Published: August 2018

A DNA-based nanoprobe sensitive to pH has been developed for pH photoacoustics imaging through a ratiometric approach.
Synthetic access to an elusive high-temperature perfluoroisopropenyl ether prepolymer for radical copolymerization
Authors: Burgess Trevor J. , Pasiuk Addison D. G. , Jelier Benson J. , Friesen Chadron M.
Published: August 2018

Generating a high yielding but strong fluorinated electrophile by destabilizing a low temperature perfluorocarbanion in non-polar solvent, while avoiding cascading side-reactions.
Photochemical and electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactivity of lanthanide-functionalized polyoxotungstates
Authors: Arab Fashapoyeh Marzieh , Mirzaei Masoud , Eshtiagh-Hosseini Hossein , Rajagopal Ashwene , Lechner Manuel , Liu Rongji , Streb Carsten
Published: August 2018

The first example of molecular lanthanide tungstate clusters for photochemical and electrochemical hydrogen evolution catalysis is reported.
Enhanced CO2 sorption efficiency in amine-functionalised 2D/3D graphene/silica hybrid sorbents
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Motuzas Julius , Zhao Xiu Song , Bhatia Suresh K. , Diniz da Costa João C.
Published: August 2018

Owing to the geometrical features of 2D graphene intercalated into 3D mesoporous silica, CO2 sorption increased by 51% and the heat of sorption reduced by up to 27% as compared to a pure 3D mesoporous silica sorbent without graphene.
Isosymmetric structural phase transition of the orthorhombic lanthanum gallate structure as a function of temperature determined by Rietveld analysis
Authors: Tang Y. Q. , López-Cartes C. , Avilés M. A. , Córdoba J. M.
Published: August 2018

High energy planetary ball milling has been used to synthesize pseudo-cubic highly-pure LaGaO3 in one hour from its oxide components in an air atmosphere.
Sila-polyethers as innocent crystallization reagents for heavy alkali metal compounds
Authors: Dankert Fabian , Heine Johanna , Rienmüller Julia , von Hänisch Carsten
Published: August 2018

Sila-polyethers are used as innocent crystallization reagents for the formation of single crystals of different elusive rubidium and cesium salts.
FIB plan view lift-out sample preparation for TEM characterization of periodic nanostructures obtained by spinodal decomposition in Co1.7Fe1.3O4 thin films
Authors: Dinh T. M. C. , Barnabé A. , Bui M. A. , Josse C. , Hungria T. , Bonningue C. , Presmanes L. , Tailhades P.
Published: August 2018

There is a miscibility gap in the CoFe2O4–Co3O4 phase diagram in which the oxides can be subjected to a spinodal transformation.
Aggregation behavior of dihexadecylviologen bistriflimide ionic liquid crystal in different solvents: influence of polarity and concentration
Authors: Li Shen , Saielli Giacomo , Wang Yanting
Published: August 2018

Solutions of dihexadecylviologen bistriflimide in deuterated ACN, DCM and CDCl3, respectively, were investigated by the combination of 1H and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations and MD simulation to understand the influence of solvent polarity and solute concentration (10−5–10−1 M) on its aggregation behavior.
Diffusion mechanism of Na ion–polaron complex in potential cathode materials NaVOPO4 and VOPO4 for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Luong Huu Duc , Pham Thi Dung , Morikawa Yoshitada , Shibutani Yoji , Dinh Van An
Published: August 2018

Using the density functional method, we investigated the crystal and electronic structures and the electrochemical properties of NaxVOPO4 (x = 0, 1) and explored the diffusion mechanism of Na ions in these materials.
Pressure dependence of spin canting in ammonium metal formate antiferromagnets
Authors: Collings Ines E. , Manna Rudra Sekhar , Tsirlin Alexander A. , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Hanfland Michael , Gegenwart Philipp , van Smaalen Sander , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia
Published: August 2018

Compression of ammonium metal formates enhances spin canting, with up to a twenty-fold increase when the metal is Fe2+.
Revealing long- and short-range structural modifications within phosphorus-treated HZSM-5 zeolites by atom probe tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Danisi Rosa Micaela , Schmidt Joel E. , Lucini Paioni Alessandra , Houben Klaartje , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Baldus Marc , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Vogt Eelco T. C.
Published: August 2018

Analysis of phosphate-stabilized H-ZSM-5 reveals the formation of new acid sites and the formation of Si–O–P bonds.
Structure, orientation, and dynamics of water-soluble ions adsorbed to basal surfaces of calcium monosulfoaluminate hydrates
Authors: Hajilar Shahin , Shafei Behrouz
Published: August 2018

This study sheds light on interactions of water molecules and aggressive ions adsorbed to basal surfaces of calcium monosulfoaluminate hydrates.
Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization and superconductivity in ZrS2
Authors: Zhai Hang , Qin Zhen , Sun Dan , Wang Jianyun , Liu Chang , Min Nan , Li Quan
Published: August 2018

The high-pressure thermodynamically stable structures of ZrS2 have been extensively identified using an effective CALYPSO algorithm. Our theoretical electronic band structures and electron–phonon coupling unravel the occurrence of pressure-induced metallization and superconductivity in ZrS2.
Polyoxotungstates incorporated organophosphonate and nickel: synthesis, characterization and efficient catalysis for epoxidation of allylic alcohols
Authors: Xu Qiaofei , Li Yingguang , Ban Ran , Li Zhao , Han Xiao , Ma Pengtao , Singh Vikram , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: August 2018

“Top-down” synthetic strategy was performed to incorporate nickel into the organophosphonate-based POTs showing superior catalysis for the epoxidation of allylic alcohols.
High-nuclearity silver ethynide clusters containing polynucleating oxygen donor ligands
Authors: Jin Jun-Ling , Xie Yun-Peng , Lu Xing
Published: August 2018

Three high-nuclearity heterometallic ethynide clusters were constructed with various polynucleating oxygen donor ligands.
CFA-14 – a perfluorinated metal–organic framework with linear 1-D CoII-chains showing temperature dependent spin-chain magnetic ordering
Authors: Fritzsche J. , Grzywa M. , Denysenko D. , Reschke S. , Sugimoto K. , Krug von Nidda H.-A. , Schmidtner D. , Volkmer D.
Published: August 2018

The synthesis and crystal structure of the perfluorinated MOF CFA-14 CoII2(tfpb)(OH)2 (H2-tfpb = 1,4-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)benzene) are described.
Synthesis and reactivity of rare-earth metal phosphaethynolates
Authors: Bestgen Sebastian , Chen Qien , Rees Nicholas H. , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: August 2018

The reactivity and coordination behaviour of OCP− towards three rare-earth elements: Y, Nd and Sm, was investigated. Mono- and bis-phosphaethynolate complexes in different oxidation states were prepared, leading to novel coordination modes of OCP− and ionic intermediates of Sm(ii) in the presence of 18-crown-6 or 2,2,2-crypt.
Probing buried recombination pathways in perovskite structures using 3D photoluminescence tomography
Authors: Stavrakas Camille , Zhumekenov Ayan A. , Brenes Roberto , Abdi-Jalebi Mojtaba , Bulović Vladimir , Bakr Osman M. , Barnard Edward S. , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: August 2018

Perovskite solar cells and light-emission devices are yet to achieve their full potential owing in part to spatially heterogeneous non-radiative loss pathways that are both on, and buried beneath, the surfaces of films and crystals.
Benzophenone: a ubiquitous scaffold in medicinal chemistry
Authors: Surana Khemchand , Chaudhary Bharatkumar , Diwaker Monika , Sharma Satyasheel
Published: August 2018

Diaryl ketones are an important scaffold in drug discovery due to their prevalence in naturally occurring bioactive compounds. This review discusses molecules containing the benzophenone moiety that have potent biological activity.
Polymerization-like kinetics of the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into supracolloidal polymers
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Zhou Yaru , Zhang Liangshun , Lin Jiaping , Tian Xiaohui
Published: August 2018

Unlike the polymerization kinetics of molecular systems, the growth of supracolloidal polymers obeys diffusion-controlled step-growth polymerization kinetics with a variable rate coefficient.
Origin of hydration lubrication of zwitterions on graphene
Authors: Li Jinjin , Cao Wei , Wang Zhongnan , Ma Ming , Luo Jianbin
Published: August 2018

Extremely low friction as zwitterions slide on graphene across pure water was achieved by the formation of hydration lubrication.
EEG characteristic analysis of coach bus drivers based on brain connectivity as revealed via a graph theoretical network
Authors: Wang Fuwang , Zhang Xiaolei , Fu Rongrong , Sun Guangbin
Published: August 2018

This study describes the detection of driving fatigue using the characteristics of brain networks in a real driving environment.
Cyclodextrin modified niosomes to encapsulate hydrophilic compounds
Authors: Machado Noelia D. , Silva O. Fernando , de Rossi Rita H. , Fernández Mariana A.
Published: August 2018

Incorporation of β-cyclodextrin into niosomes considerably increased the encapsulated amount and the delivery rate of a hydrophilic molecular probe.
Highly efficient one-step microwave-assisted synthesis of structurally diverse bis-substituted α-amino acid derived diimides
Authors: Konopka Marcin , Markiewicz Grzegorz , Stefankiewicz Artur R.
Published: August 2018

We present a facile and widely applicable microwave-assisted protocol for the synthesis of symmetrical diimides based on three distinct aromatic dianhydrides and five natural amino acids.
Understanding the charge storage mechanism of conductive polymers as hybrid battery-capacitor materials in ionic liquids by in situ atomic force microscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies
Authors: Schoetz Theresa , Kurniawan Mario , Stich Michael , Peipmann Ralf , Efimov Igor , Ispas Adriana , Bund Andreas , Ponce de Leon Carlos , Ueda Mikito
Published: August 2018

Morphological changes of a conductive polymer in an ionic liquid during charging and discharging.
Fast grown self-assembled polythiophene/graphene oxide nanocomposite thin films at air–liquid interface with high mobility used in polymer thin film transistors
Authors: Nikhil Nikhil , Pandey Rajiv K. , Sahu Praveen Kumar , Singh Manish Kumar , Prakash Rajiv
Published: August 2018

Successful practical application of a polymer or its nanocomposite depends on the ability to produce a high performance electronic device at a significantly lesser cost and time than those needed to manufacture conventional devices.
Effect of assisted reproductive technology on the molecular karyotype of missed abortion tissues
Authors: Li Gang , Jin Haixia , Niu Wenbin , Xu Jiawei , Guo Yihong , Su Yingchun , Sun Yingpu
Published: August 2018

Missed abortion is one of the common complications of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Genetic abnormality is the most important factor. However, the effect of ART on the molecular karyotype of products of conception (POC) remains unknown. We explored the effect of ART on the molecular karyotype of POC in miscarriage. POC were obtained from women undergoing ART. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray was used to analyze the molecular karyotype. A total of 1493 POC were collected for SNP array analysis. The total rate of karyotypic abnormalities was 63.1% (943/1493). The proportion of karyotypic abnormalities was 70.4% (193/416) in >35-year-old group, which was significantly higher than that (60.6%) (343/566) in <30-year-old group and that (60%) (307/511) in the 30–35-year-old group. In natural conception (NC) group, the proportion of karyotypic abnormalities was 64.6% (201/311), whereas in ART group it was 62.7% (742/1182) and, there was no significant difference. The ratio between male and female fetuses was 1:1.13 (698/795). The rate of karyotypic abnormalities in male was 62.9% (439/698) and that in female was 63.4% (504/795), and these values did not differ significantly (P=0.84). Molecular karyotypic abnormality is the most important reason in miscarriage, and female age is a significant factor influencing the karyotypic abnormalities. Comparison with NC, ART, and gender of aborted embryos may not increase the rate of molecular karyotypic abnormality in miscarriage.
Flexible distribution network: definition, configuration, operation, and pilot project
Authors: Xiao Jun , Wang Ying , Luo Fengzhang , Bai Linquan , Gang Fayun , Huang Renle , Jiang Xun , Zhang Xinsong
Published: August 2018

In this article, a new concept of flexible distribution network (FDN) is proposed for the power grid with increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) and power electronic devices. First, the authors define FDN as a flexible closed‐loop operation smart distribution network with the capability of wide‐area energy exchange. In FDNs, flexible networking devices are the key facilities, which upgrade traditional networking devices by soft open point (SOP). Second, several typical network configurations of FDN are presented, which facilitate smooth upgrades from traditional networks to FDNs. Third, the normal operation mode, N  − 1 mode, and the related analysis methods of FDN are presented. Finally, the world's first three‐terminal SOP‐based FDN pilot project is introduced and analysed to demonstrate the advantages of FDN in controlling power flow and integrating DERs.
Wideband arbitrary phase‐difference coupled‐line coupler with tight coupling coefficient and small phase variation
Authors: Gao Liang , Qamar Zeeshan , Zhang Hong Lin , Yong Zheng Shao
Published: August 2018

In this study, a planar arbitrary phase‐difference coupled‐line coupler having wide bandwidth, tight coupling coefficient, and small phase variation are proposed. The proposed coupler consists of two quarter‐wavelength coupled‐line sections connected with two different transmission lines. Moreover, the interconnection transmission line can be designed as a small phase variation phase shifter with the introduction of a shorted stub. The detailed theoretical analysis is provided to illustrate the design concept. The circuit parameters of this novel arbitrary phase‐difference coupler can be easily determined by the derived closed‐form equations. For verification, two 3 dB couplers with 45°/135° and 60°/120° phase differences are fabricated and measured. The 45°/135° coupler achieves 34.2% fractional bandwidth for 45° phase difference with 2° phase variation and 36.3% fractional bandwidth for 135° phase difference with 3.4° phase variation. Moreover, the 60°/120° coupler achieves 30% fractional bandwidth for 60° phase difference with 0.9° phase variation and 32.9% fractional bandwidth for 120° phase difference with 1.5° phase variation.
Schneiden, fassen, halten, spreizen
Authors: Wagenhäuser Kirsten , Wagenhäuser Karl-Heinz
Published: August 2018

Im vierten Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen detailliert Instrumente vor, die im OP zum Schneiden, Fassen, Halten und Spreizen eingesetzt werden.
Checkpoint Patientensicherheit
Authors: Ehrengruber Maximilian , Wurm Claudius
Published: August 2018

Ein Verwechslungsfall ist für den Patienten und das Behandlungsteam ein katastrophales Ereignis, mit oft schwerwiegenden Folgen. Als gängiger Standard hat sich
hierzu die Patientensicherheitscheckliste etabliert. Dem Trend der Digitalisierung folgend, haben unsere Autoren die Checkliste einem kompletten Redesign
unterzogen, indem sie diese digitalisiert und in die OP-Dokumentationssoftware integriert haben. Kombiniert mit dem innovativen Checkpoint-System, welches der
Patient vor Operationsbeginn passieren muss, kann dabei garantiert werden, dass alle sicherheitsrelevanten Information zum richtigen Zeitpunkt, am richtigen
Ort, durch die richtige Berufsgruppe abgefragt und kommuniziert werden.
Leben mit Rheuma: Rehabilitation und adjuvante Therapien
Authors: Clasen Marina , Schwarting Andreas
Published: August 2018

Die Entwicklung neuer zielgerichteter medikamentöser Therapien hat zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Behandlung der akuten Entzündungsaktivität geführt. Die größere Herausforderung stellt im Alltag oftmals jedoch der Umgang mit bereits eingetretenen Behinderungen und Schmerzen dar. Hierfür gibt es zahlreiche adjuvante Möglichkeiten, deren Stellenwert im Beitrag erörtert wird.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Cyclizations of Alkynes Containing Alkenyl or Electrophilic Functional Groups:
A Convenient Synthesis of Carbocycles and Heterocycles
Authors: Han Xiuling , Lu Xiyan
Published: August 2018

The palladium(II)-catalyzed redox-neutral cyclizations of alkynes bearing alkenyl or electrophilic functional groups, such as carbonyl, imino, or cyano groups, were developed to provide convenient approaches to various carbocycles and heterocycles. These tandem reactions are initiated by nucleopalladation of alkynes, transmetalation of arylboron reagents with palladium, or hydropalladation of alkynes, and they are quenched by β-heteroatom elimination, addition to electron-deficient alkenes, or addition to carbon–heteroatom multiple bonds. This account reviews these types of reaction, with a focus on our contributions to the field.

1 Introduction

2 Tandem Reactions of Functionalized Alkynes Initiated by Nucleo­palladation

3 Tandem Reactions Of Functionalized Alkynes Initiated by Transmetalation of Palladium(Ii) with Arylboron Reagents

4 Tandem Reactions of Functionalized Alkynes Initiated by Hydro­palladation

5 Conclusion
Modifications in Coagulation Parameters Induced by Treatment Associating Urokinase (2000 u CTA/kg/h) with Heparin
Authors: Juhan I , Calas M F , Buonocore M , Mathieu P , Isnard G , Cazenave B , Serradimigni A
Published: August 2018

Twenty-nine patients with deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs were treated for 48 hours by intravenous infusion of urokinase (2000 u CTA/kg/h) and heparin (5 mg/kg/24 h).

Plasma coagulation parameters were measured every 12 hours. After 36 hours of therapy the following results were obtained – decrease in: fibrinogen levels (9% fall), plasminogen (40% decrease), α2-macroglobulin (9% decrease, but no change during the first 12 hours) and fast acting α2-antiplasmin (60% decrease); bidimensional electrophoresis consistently revealed 2 spikes during treatment: the first corresponded to complexed plasmin-fast acting α2-antiplasmin, the second corresponded to free, unconsumed fast acting α2-antiplasmin. Levels of α1-antitrypsin increased by 20% whereas the antithrombin III level remained stable. FDP levels increased slightly. Recalcified plasma coagulation times progressively increased.

Therapeutic results were evaluated on phlebography and showed, after 48 hours urokinase administration, improvement in 6 patients and no improvement in 17 cases. Consumption of plasminogen and production of FDP were both greater in the improved patient group.

The authors discuss these results and suggest that the dosage level of urokinase used in this study should be modified; it is concluded that a therapeutic regimen associating a loading dose with higher hourly administration levels is needed to achieve neutralization of fast acting α2-antiplasmin, a prerequisite to development of thrombolytic activity.
Fibrinolysis in the Pigeon (Columba livia)
Authors: Ahmad Nasreen , Dube B , Agarwal G P , Dube Ramakanta
Published: August 2018

The presence of plasminogen activator in the euglobulin fraction of pigeon plasma, was demonstrated by conspicuous lysis on unheated fibrin plates; human as well as bovine fibrin were susceptible to lysis. The presence of free plasmin in euglobulin fraction was indicated by lysis on heated fibrin plates.
Changes of Platelet Function and Blood Clotting in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gensini G F , Abbate R , Favilla S , Neri Serneri G G
Published: August 2018

We investigated some aspects of blood clotting and of platelet functions in 48 diabetics (12 affected by preclinical diabetes, 15 by clinical diabetes, 21 with complications of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, ischaemic heart disease or diabetic nephropathy with or without hypertension) in 35 age matched controls and in 7 prediabetics.

Blood clotting has been investigated by gel-chromatography of fibrin soluble complexes, by factor VIIICOAG two stage assay, by factor VIIIAGN electroimmunodiffusion assay and by factor VIIIvWF assay. Platelet functions have been investigated by the determination of circulating platelet aggregates associated with megathrombocytes count, by the malondial- dehyde formation after thrombin and after arachidonic acid. In order to clarify some mechanisms responsible for platelet aggregating plasmatic activity (PAPA) has been investigated by plasmaplatelet cross-matches.

Our results indicate early changes of platelet functions in diabetics, already demonstrable in preclinical diabetes. Platelets are hyperaggregable and produce increased amounts of malondialdehyde after stimulation by thrombin and arachidonic acid, thus suggesting an increased activity of the intraplatelet endoperoxide-thromboxane forming metabolic pathway. An increased concentration of fibrin soluble complexes can be shown in clinical and complicated diabetes whereas in preclinical diabetes the fibrogen complexes concentration is within the normal range.

Factor VIIIvWF results significantly increased in all groups of diabetics, and even in the subjects with prediabetes. Factor VHICoag and Factor VIIIAGN, besides factor VIIIvWF, were significantly increased in clinical and in complicated diabetes. The increased concentration of factor VIIICOAG and of soluble fibrinogen complexes suggest the existence of a hypercoagulable condition in patients with clinical and above all with complicated diabetes.

In these patients a platelet aggregating plasmatic activity can be frequently found. The indication is that platelet hyperaggregation in diabetes is due to various mechanisms. In preclinical diabetes and in some patients with clinical diabetes platelet hyperaggregability is mainly due to a primary platelet hypersensitivity whereas in complicated diabetes, specially when hypercoagulability occurs, platelet hyperaggregation is due to a plasmatic factor related to blood clotting activation.
Thrombus Weight as a Measure of Hypercoagulability Induced by Drugs
Authors: MacIomhair Maura , Lavelle S M
Published: August 2018

Thrombus weight was used as a measure of the thrombus enhancing effect of drugs in 135 rats. The weight of thrombus formed in one hour, on a 20 × 0.5 mm platinum wire, inserted in the vena cava was taken as a measure of thrombosis. The change in thrombus weight which followed the injection of ellagic acid to activate the coagulation system, adenosine diphosphate to activate the platelets, and epsilon-aminocaproic acid to inhibit the fibrinolytic system, was measured. Pilot studies showed that the drug doses used brought about the appropriate changes in the factors named. The mean thrombus weight in 45 control animals was 1.93 mg. Ellagic acid increased it about five-fold, and epsilon- aminocaproic acid almost two-fold, while adenosine diphosphate reduced it by almost a half. Concurrent controls were used in each case. Clotting tests (whole blood clotting time, kaolin-activated whole blood clotting time, thrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time), performed at the end of the hour, showed no significant correlation with thrombus weight.