bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCIES OF MATHEMATICS TEACHERS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN THE EXECUTION OF TASK
Authors: Oriarte Ronald , Molines Eric , V.  Taracina Irene , A.  Zamora Daisy  A.  Zamora , Pańoso Jenette , Rose M. Olea Merry , Leo T. Olea Wendell
Published: February 2023

This study determined the instructional competencies of Mathematics teachers and their performance in the execution of tasks in Lopez East District. The study used the descriptive-evaluated-correlational method of research with documentary analysis in describing the effects of instructional competencies and performance of the teachers. Purposive sampling was used as the locale of the study. The statistical tools used were weighted mean, frequency count, percentage, rank order, Kendall Coefficient of Concordance, and its corresponding Chi-square test. The instructional competencies of the teachers were Very Much Evident. There is a significant agreement on the rank orders on the instructional competencies in terms of knowledge of subject matter, communication skills, instructional practices, evaluation, and professionalism and there is no significant agreement in terms of problem solving. The teachers’ performance in the execution of tasks was Outstanding. There is a significant agreement on the rank orders of the level of teacher’s performance. The result of this study was a great help to the learners   and   also   to the teachers, as facilitators of learning, are encouraged to employ modern methodologies such as using computer-based resources in teaching.  The researcher was motivated to assess the instructional competencies of Mathematics teachers and their teaching performance in Lopez East District.
DESAIN LAMPU DARURAT PORTABEL BERBASIS RANGKAIAN JOULE THIEF
Authors: 'Atiq Muhammad , Nuri Nuri , Mahardi Raka Dian
Published: February 2023

The main function of the portable emergency lamp design based on the joule thief circuit is to provide lighting when the power goes out so that it can support human activities in carrying out various jobs, especially at night. The method used in this study is a design and testing approach, starting from the selection of tools and materials to the implementation of the test. The results showed that the Joule Thief emergency lamp can operate at a voltage of 0.8 VDC with a current of 0.08 A and can turn on a 220 VAC LED. The first test was carried out on a 220 Vac 5watt LED with a power supply unit (PSU) instead of battery power. The second test was conducted on the charger module with the indicator flashing red when charging and blue when full. From the test it is known that the Joule Thief emergency lamp can work well and can be used as an emergency lamp when the electricity from the PLN goes out. This emergency lighting device uses commercial lamps so that it can be replaced easily as needed and can be charged when the battery is depleted.Fungsi utama desain lampu darurat portable berbasis rangkaian joule thief adalah memberikan penerangan pada saat listrik padam sehingga dapat menunjang aktivitas manusia dalam melakukan berbagai pekerjaan khususnya pada malam hari. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan desain dan pengujian, mulai dari pemilihan alat dan bahan sampai dengan pelaksanaan pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lampu emergency Joule Thief dapat beroperasi pada tegangan 0,8 VDC dengan arus 0,08 A dan dapat menyalakan LED 220 VAC. Pengujian pertama dilakukan pada LED 220 Vac 5watt dengan power supplay unit (PSU) sebagai pengganti daya baterai. Pengujian kedua dilakukan pada modul pengisi daya dengan indikator menyala merah saat mengisi daya dan biru saat penuh. Dari pengujian diketahui bahwa lampu darurat Joule Thief dapat bekerja dengan baik dan dapat digunakan sebagai lampu darurat pada saat aliran listrik dari PLN padam. Perangkat lampu emergency ini menggunakan lampu komersial sehingga dapat diganti secara mudah sesuai kebutuhan serta dapat di charger saat baterai dalam kondisi habis.
PERANCANGAN JARINGAN LAN SMK AL-KHAIRIYAH 2 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE OSPF
Authors: Hiswara Indra , Khoiriyah Khusnul , Febriyanto Dody
Published: February 2023

The internet network is needed to carry out daily activities. A computer network is a network system where all computers share data and resources. The problem that often occurs in computer networks at SMK Al Khairiyah 2 is the dominance of user limitations by staff activities such as downloading or uploading large files. As well as the difficulty of knowing the number of computer network users who use wireless technology. This causes frequent problems with the computer network at this school, such as data sent being slow and doesn't even reach its destination, communication often experiences time-outs and security problems, so a network design is needed that can overcome the problems that occur. The problem is how to develop a good and adequate computer network, using the OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) method. The purpose of this study is to design a LAN network at SMK Al-Khairiyah 2 with the OSPF method.Penggunaan jaringan internet dibutuhkan dalam melakukan sesuatu aktifitas. Jaringan komputer merupakan suatu sistem jaringan, dimana seluruh komputer saling berbagi data dan resources satu sama lain. Masalah yang sering terjadi pada jaringan komputer di SMK Al Khairiyah 2 yaitu adanya dominasi limitasi user oleh aktivitas Staff seperti download atau upload file-file berukuran besar. Serta sulitnya mengetahui jumlah pengguna jaringan komputer yang menggunakan teknologi nirkabel. Menyebabkan seringnya terjadi masalah pada jaringan komputer di sekolah ini seperti: data yang dikirim lambat bahkan tidak sampai ke tujuan, komunikasi sering mengalami time-out dan masalah keamanan sehingga dibutuhkan suatu rancangan jaringan yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi. Permasalahannya bagaimana mengembangkan jaringan komputer yang baik dan memadai, dengan menggunakan metode OSPF (Open Shortest Path First). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu merancang Jaringan LAN pada SMK Al-Khairiyah 2 dengan Metode OSPF.
The potential of selected plant extracts in anti-acne skincare formulations
Authors: M.A. Malinowska M.A. Malinowska , A. Dziki A. Dziki , A. Matusik-Tabor A. Matusik-Tabor
Published: February 2023

Consumer awareness and the desire to reach for cosmetics with natural ingredients are still growing. The active ingredients of plants can reduce acne lesions and skin redness accompanying them. Specialised cosmetic formulations should support Anti-acne products containing therapeutic agents, reducing visible skin inflammation. These products should act simultaneously, ensuring proper skincare due to the content of plant metabolites exhibiting desired biological activity. In this study, the application of a selected plant extract in cosmetic preparations for acne skincare containing selected plant extracts was prepared: Arnica montana flower, Sambucus nigra and Rosmarinus officinalis leaf, Saponaria officinalis root, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice and Silybum marianum seed oil and then their effects were compared. The extracts were applied as active ingredients in face cream, serum and micellar solution forulations. The physicochemical properties (pH value, stability, dispersed phase particle size and type of emulsion) were evaluated; moreover, rheological tests of the samples were carried out, and the skin cleansing ability of the micellar solution was examined. In addition, all the formulations were subject to various tests, which allowed for the evaluation of their organoleptic properties. It was noticed that the used plant raw materials affect the care of the skin with acne tendencies. Both extracts (Arnica montana flower extract and Sambucus nigra extract) were used in the same concentrations in the cosmetics so that differences in results were easy to compare. Importantly, during the consumer tests, the probants discontinued usage of other anti-acne agents normally applied, which allowed for an objective assessment of the effect of the tested extracts on the acne skin. The formulations tested were proven to be effective cosmetics supporting anti-acne therapy.
Topical treatment of cutaneous ptosis: Endolift® treatment with 1470-nm wavelength Eufoton® LASEmaR®1500
Authors: Markabayeva A , Kaliterna Dinko , Karimov S , Abdelmaksoud A , Kamalska M , Binić I
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of Endolift®, a novel minimally invasive outpatient laser procedure, for the treatment of cutaneous ptosis. Thirty patients aged 25 to 60, 25 women and 5 men, were enrolled on this study. Twenty women got skin ptosis after pregnancy, while 5 women and 5 men got skin laxity after losing body weight. Patients have undergone a single treatment under local anaesthesia. Treatment was performed using the Endolift® procedure, which consists of the laser Eufoton® LASEmaR® 1500. This device uses a 1470 nm wavelength laser lead by micro-optical fibres of different calibres directly inside the skin. Optimal results were obtained in 70% of patients, 18% had good results, and 12% reported moderate results. No patients reported any hematoma. Ten patients took analgesics for a maximum of two days; 5 reported pain resolved after 7 days. In addition, 8 patients reported their first results after 7 to 20 days improving results over time. The follow-up was done after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months when all patients overcame the expected result. No side effect was recorded. These data confirm that Endolift® is a safe and effective procedure for cutaneous ptosis representing a new category for body treatments and a real alternative to surgery.
Dependencia emocional y estrategias de afrontamiento en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Bonilla Alvarez Lisbett P , Tobar Viera Andrea
Published: February 2023

La dependencia emocional consiste en un patrón de extrema necesidad afectiva que un individuo tiene hacia otro en sus distintas relaciones interpersonales principalmente afectando el ámbito de pareja. El origen de esta situación puede deberse a diversas causas, por ejemplo, la falta o el inadecuado manejo de las estrategias de afrontamiento que son sustanciales para hacer frente a eventos conflictivos de la vida. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la relación entre la dependencia emocional y las estrategias de afrontamiento en estudiantes universitarios. La metodología aplicada es cuantitativa, no experimental y de diseño descriptivo-correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por 226 estudiantes de la carrera de fisioterapia, cuyas edades oscilan entre 18 a 26 años, con una media de 21.2, a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE) y el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) con sus respectivas adaptaciones. Así, los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que no existe una correlación significativa entre las dos variables de estudio. Además, pudo corroborarse que el 62.8% de la muestra tiene un nivel bajo de dependencia emocional y que una media de 81.3 estudiantes utilizan como estrategia de afrontamiento la retirada social. En conclusión, se considera que las situaciones conflictivas que atraviesa la persona son variadas y motivan al sujeto a utilizar distintas estrategias de afrontamiento, no necesariamente siendo el factor principal un grado de dependencia emocional.
Facilities and Infrastructures’ Implications Towards Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Welcoming Merdeka Belajar Curriculum
Authors: Isatul Hasanah  , Siti Rodiah  , Laila AFIFAH
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Merdeka Belajar curriculum encourages teachers to develop Pedagogic Content Knowledge (PCK). To make learning more interesting, fun, and meaningful for students. However, facilities and infrastructure have not supported teachers to implement the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum in Elementary Schools. This study aims to (1) explain the facilities and infrastructure in the Institution, and (2) the relationship between facilities and infrastructure to the teacher’s Pedagogic Content Knowledge (PCK). This research method is descriptive using a quantitative approach. The study sample is 12 people who teach grades 1 and IV. Data collection techniques include questionnaires in the form of google Forms, observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are in the form of the presentation of statistical data percentages. The results of this study are (1) the facilities and infrastructure in the Institution are still inadequate to meet the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum (2) the link between facilities and infrastructure to the teacher’s Pedagogic Content Knowledge (PCK) is the use of lecture learning strategies 67%, student-centered 25%, and cooperative learning 8%. So the lack of facilities and infrastructure causes the learning teachers to attend lectures opposite to the orientation of the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum.
EFFECT OF RASAYANA THERAPY - A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Shaik Dr.Rajimunnisa Begam
Published: February 2023

Rasayana is a specialized branch of Astanga Ayurveda emphasizes the use of Kashta, Rasa aushadies, along with the Ahara, Vihara, Acharas for prevention, and treatment of diseases also preventing early ageing by achieving homeostasis.(Dosha , Rasadhi Dhatu Samyatha. It also includes all measures for geriatric healthcare and immunity enhancement. Rasayana essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The Rasayana are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a Rasayana food, or a positive healthy life style with a Rasayana effect or a Rasayana drug or all the three together. The Rasayana remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. It has been explain in four padas (parts) dealing with different aspects of Rasayana therapy. Key words: Rasayana, Rejuvenation, Immune-enhancing, Geriatric health.
Seasonal Variability of Phytoplanktons in the Non-Point Source Polluted River Nggada, Maiduguri – Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Bwala Nzitiri Mathias
Published: February 2023

Borno State is the epicenter of Boko Haram crisis which displaced millions of individuals. Maiduguri metropolis which became the principal refuge centre, has witnessed a rapid demographic change, land use and economic activities resulting into intense irrigational practice along the bank of river Nggada. This may result into changes in the physico – chemical parameters of the aquatic ecosystem and the dynamism may disrupt phytoplantonic community. The study was aimed at assessing the seasonal variability of phytoplanktons in non-point source polluted river Nggada of Maiduguri. Water samples for physico -chemical analysis were collected bi-weekly for a period of 11 months at three sampling stations. Physico-chemical parameters, including Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Dissolved Nitrate concentration, Dissolved Phosphorus Concentration, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Surface Water Temperature (SWT) and potential Hydrogen (pH) were determined using standard procedures. Results indicated that all physico – chemical parameters except temperature, DO and pH of the river during both irrigational and non-irrigational regimes were slightly above the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency’s (NESREA) permissible limits. A total of 7 classes (Cyanophyceae Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceace, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Crysophyceace and Rhodophyceae) and 16 genera of phytoplanktons were identified.  The results further revealed that the irrigation activities (dry season) have impacted on the physico – chemical parameters (pH, DO, TDS, nitrate and phosphate concentrations) of the study area. Remarkably, the changes in the physico – chemical parameters during the irrigational regime (dry season) have not impacted on the abundance and distribution of phytoplanktons. Hence, the non-point pollutants influenced the physico – chemical parameters of the river butalgal abundance and distribution were not influenced by the changes in the physico – chemical parameters of the river. The study thus, recommends the continuous monitoring and systematic effort to conserve the bio-resources and water quality of the river
التباين المكاني للإصابة بمرض الفشل الكلوي المزمن في محافظة القادسية للمدة (2015-2021) مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي أنموذجاً: (دراسة في الجغرافية الطبية)
Authors: البديري كفاح داخل عبيس
Published: February 2023

يهدف البحث الى التعريف بمشكلة صحية في غاية الخطورة والأهمية ألا وهي الإصابة بمرض الفشل الكلوي المزمن نتيجة تزامن عدة عوامل بيئية جغرافية (طبيعية وبشرية)، ولاسيما تأثير العامل البشري بعناصره المتعددة، والمؤثرة كالتلوث البيئي، والنظام الغذائي، والسلوكي للمصابين، فضلاً عن عدة عوامل مرضية وبيولوجية ساهمت في تزايد حالات الإصابة بالمرض المزمن خلال السنوات الأخيرة في محافظة القادسية والتعرف على خصائصهم الديموغرافية والمتمثلة (بالتركيب العمري والنوعي وأوضاعهم الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والصحية)، وهو الذي اعتمدته الباحثة لأعدادها البحث فجمعت معظم بيانات المصابين بالمرض في مركز الغسل الكلوي في مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي العام الذي اتخذته محطة مهمة للدراسة لغرض إظهار العلاقة بين العوامل المؤثرة والإصابة بالمرض، واظهر البحث التباين المكاني للمصابين بالمرض المزمن وتوزيعهم الجغرافي على مستوى أقضية المحافظة. واستنتج البحث أن المحافظة تعاني من قلة المراكز الصحية المتخصصة بأمراض الكلى وغسلها إذ اقتصرت على مركز واحد في مركز المحافظة تابع للمستشفى العام، لذا يمكن اقتراح إنشاء مراكز تخصصية لأمراض الكلى في كل وحدة إدارية يتناسب حجمه وكادر مع عدد السكان في تلك الوحدة الإدارية لتخفيف كاهل المواطن اقتصادياً وصحياً وتخفيف الضغط على المركز الأوحد في مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي.
دور بهجت أبو غربية في تأسيس منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية 1964-1967
Authors: عطية مهند عبد العزيز , العيداني روى عبد الحسين كشكول
Published: February 2023

تأسست منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية في 28 أيار 1964 نتيجة لفكرة قامت بطرحها العديد من الدول العربية ليكون لفلسطين كيان مستقل فلسطيني على ما تبقى من أرضهم وكانت الاحداث التي جرت على الساحة العربية في تلك الفترة فقد شجعت على طرح تلك الفكرة وعينت الجامعة العربية أحمد الشقيري ممثلاً لفلسطين وليعمل على التحضير لتأسيس منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية. كان بهجت أبو غربية من ضمن أعضاء اللجنة التنفيذية الأولى للمنظمة، ومشاركاً في المواقف والانشطة التي تصب في خدمة القضية الفلسطينية لاسيما انه كان يشغل العديد من المناصب في المنظمة. ونتيجة تطور الاحداث على الساحة الفلسطينية وظهور الخلافات الواضحة بين أعضاء اللجنة التنفيذية ورئيسها أحمد الشقيري، قدم بهجت أبو غربية ومعهُ ستة أعضاء بطلب الى أحمد الشقيري بتقديم استقالته من رئاسة المنظمة. وتكونت هذهِ الدراسة من مقدمة ومبحث واحد وخاتمة، وتناول هذا المبحث تأسيس المنظمة ودور أبو غربية فيها، وتهدف هذهِ الدراسة الى تسليط الضوء على دور بهجت أبو غربية في تأسيس منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية، وتكمن أهمية هذا الموضوع في كون الشخصية عاصرت وأثرت في تأسيس منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية.
العلاقات العثمانية البيزنطية وأثرها على الصراع الأسري العثماني (1413-1424): دراسة تاريخية
Authors: ياسر فاطمة عبدالجليل
Published: February 2023

استغلت القوى السياسية في المنطقة الأوضاع التي مرّت بها الدولة العثمانية للإفادة منها في الاستحواذ على الأراضي التابعة لها، وكانت من بينها الإمبراطورية البيزنطية التي تدخلت في الشأن الداخلي العثماني من خلال مدِّ يد العون والمساعدة لأحد ال أمراء على حساب الآخر. وكانت أيضاً تستخدم سياسة تبدل التحالف بين ال أمراء من أجل إضعاف الدولة العثمانية، واستمر هذا ال أمر حتى استقر الوضع للسلطان محمد الأول الذي انتهج السياسة السلمية في تعامله مع البيزنطيين من أجل المحافظة على ما تبقى من الدولة العثمانية ومحاولة إعادة ترتيبها وتنظيمها من جديد. وبعد وفاة السلطان محمد الأول ومجيء السلطان مراد الثاني اختلفت السياسة التي اتبعها مع الإمبراطورية البيزنطية عن سياسة والده، وأصبحت أكثر شدّة وعدوانية نتيجة تكرار تدخل البيزنطيين في الشأن الداخلي العثماني من خلال إثارة الفتن والفوضى؛ لذا عمد السلطان مراد الثاني إلى محاصرة القسطنطينية، والضغط على الإمبراطورية البيزنطية التي اضطرت في نهاية ال أمر إلى عقد معاهدة مع الدولة العثمانية في 24 شباط 1424 والتي أنهت أيّ تدخل للإمبراطورية البيزنطية في الشأن العثماني. كما أنها أعادت إلى الممتلكات العثمانية العديد من الأراضي التي استحوذت عليها الإمبراطورية البيزنطية منذ عام 1403، كما ألزمت الإمبراطور على دفع جزية سنوية للعثمانيين. وبهذا يمكننا القول إن الظروف السياسية التي مرت بها الدولة العثمانية أسهمت بشكل فعّال في أن تكون ساحةً للفوضى والاضطرابات والفتن التي كانت تدار من قبل القوى السياسية في المنطقة من أجل القضاء عليها وإنهائها.
آن روبيرت جاك تيرغو (1727-1781) ودوره الاقتصادي في فرنسا
Authors: الغزي علي جبار خلف
Published: February 2023

كان تيرغو منذ طفولته يمتاز بالذكاء، فهو من عائلة نورمان ذات الاصول العريقة، اجتاز جميع مراحل الدراسة بكل تفوق وشهد له بذلك جميع اساتذته، تدرج في المناصب الادارية فعين عام 1749 في السوربون فبرز خطيبا وفيلسوفا، ثم تولى في عام 1751 أدارة مدينة ليموج، ثم اصبح في العام نفسه مستشار للبرلمان، ثم رئيس للالتماسات في عام 1753 فأظهر مقدرة وكفاءة عالية في جميع المناصب. وبوصفه شخصية مشهورة واقتصادي بارع وقع اختيار الملك لويس السادس عشر عليه ليتسنم وزارة المالية (1774-1776)، فوضع مشروعه الاصلاحي واتخذ عدة قرارات ساهمت في تحسين الوضع الاقتصادي، ومنها اطلاق حرية التجارة، ومساواة الجميع في استحصال الضرائب، والغاء نقابات العمال التي كانت تحتكر جهود العاملين، كما وضع حد لنفقات البلاط الملكي واسراف العائلة المالكة، الامر الذي ادى الى استياء الطبقة الحاكمة من سياسته الاقتصادية بالاضافة الى معاداة النبلاء ورجال الدين له كل ذلك دفع الملك الى اقالته من منصب الوزارة.
النِّكاح الفاسد عند المالكيَّة: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: قزاز منال سلامة إسماعيل
Published: February 2023

يسعى هذا البحث إلى التَّعرُّف على كلِّ ما يتعلق بالنِّكاح الفاسد عند المالكيَّة خاصَّة، وذلك من حيث أقوالهم في النِّكاح الفاسد، وحرصهم على إبقاء الحياة الأسريَّة واستمراريَّتها مع فساد العقد، بعد أن اطَّلعت الباحثة على أقوال الفقهاء في هذه المسألة، مستعرضة الآيات القرآنيَّة والأحاديث النَّبويَّة. وما دعا الباحثة للكتابة في هذا الموضوع، أنَّ الغالبيَّة العظمى من النَّاس لا يفرِّقون بين النِّكاح الفاسد والنِّكاح الباطل، وأنَّ المحافظة على الأسرة المسلمة من أولويات البحث في المسائل الفقهيَّة، فالأسرة هي اللَّبنة الأساسيَّة في المجتمعات الإنسانيَّة، فإنْ صَلُحت صَلُح المجتمع بأسره، وإنْ فسدت فسد. وختمت الباحثة هذا البحث بجملة من النتائج: أبرزها أنَّ المالكيَّة قسَّموا النِّكاح الفاسد إلى نكاح مُجْمَع على فساده، ونكاح مختلف في فساده، ولا يترتَّب على عقد الزَّواج الفاسد، سواء المجمع على فساده، أو المختلف في فساده، أيُّ أثر قبل الدخول والخلوة الصَّحيحة، فلا يجب فيه المهر، ولا النَّفقة، ولا يوجد فيه طلاق، ولا عدَّة، ولا ميراث، ولا حرمة نسب. وأوصت الباحثة طلاب العلم الشرعي باستكمال الدِّراسات والأبحاث حول هذه الأنكحة وأقوال الفقهاء فيها. كما وأوصت الباحثة القانونيين بالأخذ بأقوال المذاهب المخففة ، خاصَّة فيما يتعلَّق بالحفاظ على نسيج الأسرة ولحمتها.
جسر الوفاء بالعهود والمواثيق كلبنة أساس في البناء الحضاري
Authors: شجيد الحسن
Published: February 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معالجة موضوع "الوفاء بالعهود والمواثيق"، وما ينتج عن ذلك من بناء حضاري منشود. وفي سبيل ذلك اتخذت من رسالة الإسلام أنموذجا في اهتمامها بإبرام العهود والوفاء بها، وذلك عبر استثمار تجربة الرعيل الأول في السيطرة على الحروب الدائمة، وإبدالها سلما دائما، فكانت بحق جسرا يصل الحضارات ببعضها. وهكذا انتهج البحث منهج التتبع والتمثيل والتحليل والمقارنة في معالجة الموضوع. وكان من أهم النتائج التي أسفر عنها كون رابطة العهود من أهم الوسائط السلمية التي يأمن بها الناس على الأنفس والأموال على مر التاريخ، بيد أن "المعاهدة" أحيانا قد تتحول إلى وسيلة حرب إن لم تراع في إبرامها الشروط المطلوبة. ومن هنا سيجت الشريعة الإسلامية هذه العهود بسياج الوفاء، وصنفت كل ناقض لها في دائرة النفاق، ورتبت على عمله وعيدا. فأسفر هذا المنطق الإسلامي في الوفاء بالعهود أن كان المسلمون مضرب المثل في ذا الأمر، في حين كان غيرهم مضرب المثل في الغدر والنقض. وفي ضوء هذه النتائج، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة رد الاعتبار للمنطق السليم في إبرام المعاهدات وفي الوفاء بها، حتى تكون جسر بناء وسلم لا جسر هدم وحرب.
أصول النحو العربي عند الدكتور كريم حسين ناصح الخالدي
Authors: يوسف قصي ثعبان , خلخال سلام موجد
Published: February 2023

أخذت (أصول النحو العربي) مكانة كبيرة ومهمة في نظرية النحو العربي، قديماً وحديثاً عند النحويين؛ لأنها من أسس التفكير النحوي في استنباط الأحكام ووضع القواعد النحوية، لذا وقع اختياري على البحث الموسوم بـ (أصول النحو العربي عند الدكتور كريم حسين ناصح الخالدي) هذا من جانب، ومن جانب آخر أن الدكتور قد جاء برأي يحمل من الجدة ما يستحق البحث، وأما بالنسبة للبحث فقد جاء على أربعة مباحث: (الأول: السماع، والثاني: القياس، والثالث: الإجماع، والرابع: الاستصحاب) وقد تناولنا هذه المباحث بالدراسة والتفصيل عند النحويين قديما وحديثا، وثبت من النتائج المهمة التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن السماع هو الأصل الوحيد الذي اعتمد عليه المتقدمون من النحويين القدماء، وأن القياس عندهم قياس شبه، لا علة، وأن قياس العلة قياس مقحم من قبل المتأخرين، وأن الإجماع والاستصحاب ليسا من أصول النحو عند المتقدمين، وأنه قد ظهر عند المتأخرين بسبب الترف الفكري فأوصي بدراسة النحو عند المتقدمين من النحويين على أساس أن الأصل الوحيد عندهم من أصول النحو العربي هو السماع، وأن القياس عندهم قياس شبه، لا علة؛ لأن مراعاة هذا الأمر سيؤدي إلى فهم الواقع اللغوي بشكل صحيح، وكما هو، وكذا القواعد النحوية.
Heterogeneous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in school-age children
Authors: Haile Sarah R. , Raineri Alessia , Rueegg Sonja , Radtke Thomas , Ulyte Agne , Puhan Milo A. , Kriemler Susi
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: Much remains unknown regarding the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and variability in seropositive children in districts, schools and classes as only a few school-based cohort studies exist. Vaccination of children, initiated at different times for different age groups, adds additional complexity to the understanding of how seroprevalence developed in the school aged population.

AIM: We investigated the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children and its variability in districts, schools and classes in Switzerland from June/July 2020 to November/December 2021.

METHODS: In this school-based cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured in primary and secondary school children from randomly selected schools in the canton of Zurich in October/November 2020, March/April 2021 and November/December 2021. Seroprevalence was estimated using Bayesian logistic regression to adjust for test sensitivity and specificity. Variability of seroprevalence between school classes was expressed as maximum minus minimum seroprevalence in a class and summarised as median (interquartile range).

RESULTS: 1875 children from 287 classes in 43 schools were tested, with median age 12 years (range 6–17), 51% 12+ vaccinated. Seroprevalence increased from 5.6% (95% credible interval [CrI] 3.5–7.6%) to 31.1% (95% CrI 27.0–36.1%) in unvaccinated children, and 46.4% (95% CrI 42.6–50.9%) in all children (including vaccinated). Earlier in the pandemic, seropositivity rates in primary schools were similar to or slightly higher (<5%) than those in secondary schools, but by late 2021, primary schools had 12.3% (44.3%) lower seroprevalence for unvaccinated (all) subjects. Variability in seroprevalence among districts and schools increased more than two-fold over time, and in classes from 11% (95% CrI 7–17%) to 40% (95% CrI 22–49%).

CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence in children increased greatly, especially in 2021 following introduction of vaccines. Variability in seroprevalence was high and increased substantially over time, suggesting complex transmission chains.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04448717
Um Modelo Analítico para Estimativa de Desempenho de Multicomputadores
Authors: Zuffo Marcelo Knörich
Published: February 2023

Este artigo descreve um modelo analítico para a estimativa de desempenho de multicomputadores homogêneos. Aspectos intrínsecos da organização interna dos multicomputadores como a arquitetura dos nós, políticas de roteamento e protocolos de comunicação são fatores importantes no desempenho global desta classe de computadores de alto desempenho. Algumas medidas experimentais são realizadas sobre o protótipo do multicomputador TRGR_01, utilizando um algoritmo para síntese de imagens e os resultados são confrontados com os resultados levantados a partir do modelo proposto.
Calculating Bounds for Delay in Communication Networks Under Real Time Constraints
Authors: Chaouiya Claudine , Jean-Marie Alain
Published: February 2023

We study communication networks submitted to hard real time constraint. This constraint specifies that each customer must leave its arrival station before some fixed deadline. The study of bounds for the workload allows to deduce bounds for the delay of customers and discuss the “feasibility” of the real-time system. We first analyse the basic properties of a single server with two levels of priority. Then we analyse a feed-forward network without loops. The case of a network of stations with a ring topology is finally presented. For each of these topologies, we compute bounds for the workload of the stations. This calculus is based on the introduction of evolution equations. We also discuss periodicity and feasibility conditions when the arrival process is a superposition of periodic processes.
Performance Prediction by Trace Transformation
Authors: Mendes Celso L.
Published: February 2023

Performance stability is an essential feature for the widespread adoption of multicomputers. In this paper, we report the preliminary steps of our research in performance prediction and extrapolation. Performance tuning, guided by extrapolation, may help achieve a substantial fraction of peak performance rates across a broader range of applications while providing guidance for code porting. We introduce a methodology for assessing stability of parallel programs, based on stability of the program execution graph, using time perturbation analysis. For programs with stable behavior, we present a model for performance prediction under architecture variations, by transformation of the execution traces with parameters that reflect the differences in architecture between two systems. We illustrate the use of this transformation with an example of a parallel PDE solver executing on a multicomputer.
Análise Comparativa de Métodos de Coerência de Dados em Memórias Cache
Authors: Alves Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues , Imamura Osvaldo Catsumi
Published: February 2023

O uso de um sistema de memória compartilhada permite grande iteração entre os processadores de uma máquina MIMD e oferece um paradigma de programação bastante simples. No entanto, a implementação de sistemas de memória compartilhada eficientes apresenta diversos desafios, devido à alta largura de faixa e à baixa latência média requeridos. Uma solução economicamente viável é associar uma cache a cada processador, armazenando cópias dos dados mais usados nestas caches. Diversas técnicas têm sido estudadas e implementadas para que não ocorram problemas de coerência entre cópias de um mesmo dado guardadas em caches distintas. Uma técnica pouco explorada é a utilização de caches write-through com verificação de consistência para todas as escritas geradas pelos processadores. A impopularidade desta técnica se deve à alta largura de faixa requerida para a memória principal. Este trabalho mostra que, em algumas circunstâncias, o uso de caches write-through pode apresentar vantagens sobre o uso de caches copy back com protocolos de posse de blocos, apresentando desempenhos menos dependentes da codificação dos programas.
O Subsistema de Interconexão do Multiprocessador Multiplus
Authors: Bronstein Gerson
Published: February 2023

Neste artigo apresentamos o subsistema de interconexão do multiprocessador Multiplus. Este subsistema é constituído de dois módulos: a Rede de Interconexão Multi-estágio e a Interface de Rede. A rede de interconexão tem topologia n-cubo invertido e é composta por elementos comutadores 2 x 2. A interface de rede controla a transmissão/recepção de mensagens e faz a interface da rede com o sistema de barramentos. São relacionadas as características gerais destes dois módulos bem como aspectos relacionados a implementação dos mesmos. Ao final, apresentamos algumas sugestões para o aumento do desempenho global do Multiplus.
Uso da Heterogeneidade para aceleração de Ray Tracing
Authors: Lima Mauricio Antônio de Castro , Corrêa Wagner Toledo , Meira Júnior Wagner , Carvalho Márcio Bunte de
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os ganhos que podem ser obtidos adaptando-se um algoritmo computacionalmente caro a uma nova arquitetura de computadores. No presente caso, o algoritmo objeto da análise é a técnica de síntese de imagens denominada ray tracing, conhecida por produzir imagens com alto grau de realismo, mas a um elevado custo computacional. A estratégia utilizada para se acelerar tal técnica foi explorar o paralelismo inerente a ela num ambiente heterogêneo constituído por máquinas SIMD e MIMD. As implementações mostraram resultados bastante satisfatórios.
Simulação de Redes Neuronais em Ambientes Heterogêneos e Paralelos
Authors: Meira Júnior Wagner , Carvaho Márcio Luiz Bunte de
Published: February 2023

Um dos maiores problemas na simulação de redes neuronais é o custo computacional associado à execução desses algoritmos. A paralelização dessas simulações tem sido uma solução bastante adotada para contornar esse problema, muito em virtude do inerente paralelismo das redes neuronais. Arquiteturas paralelas do tipo SIMD e MIMD são frequentemente utilizadas, de forma isolada, para essa finalidade. Esse trabalho investiga a adequação e as restrições de utilização de heterogeneidade e paralelismo conjugando arquiteturas SIMD e MIMD para a simulação de redes neuronais. Essa estratégia se mostrou boa, entretanto sua eficiência é extremamente dependente das dimensões da rede a ser simulada e do ambiente computacional utilizado.
Estudo do Efeito da Sincronização de Barreira Implementada em Software no Desempenho de Máquinas Paralelas
Authors: D. Martha X. Torres , O. Edward D. Moreno , Santos Celso A. S. , Kofuji Sérgio T.
Published: February 2023

Este artigo estuda o efeito do "overhead” da sincronização de barreira implementada em software durante a execução de um programa em uma máquina paralela. São estudados os efeitos qualitativos e quantitativos de sincronização de barreira implementada em software para máquinas de memória compartilhada e descrito um algoritmo de sincronização de barreira para uma máquina de memória distribuida com rede mesh. São desenvolvidos dois modelos para obter quantitativamente o efeito do "overhead” da sincronização de barreira implementada em software no desempenho de laços paralelos: um modelo analítico, para máquinas de memória compartilhada baseadas em barramento, e um modelo de simulação, para máquinas de memória distribuída com rede mesh.
Um Ambiente De Programação "Data Flow"
Authors: Menasche Miguel , Maia Denis Maciel
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho, apresenta o projeto de um ambiente para programação "data flow", atualmente em desenvolvimento no Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica da PUC/Rio. Este ambiente é composto por: uma placa processadora "data flow" para ser utilizada em uma plataforma hospedeira tipo microcomputador compatível com PC; um montador assembler; um editor gráfico; um simulador/depurador e uma linguagem "data flow" de alto nível. O objetivo para o desenvolvimento deste ambiente é, inicialmente, o de ganhar familiaridade com uma filosofia diferente de processamento que explora bastante o paralelismo, além de estudar futuramente o comportamento desta em situações reais no tratamento de imagens.
Prolog Paralelo em Rede de Computadores
Authors: Yamin Adenauer C. , Werner Otilia , Geyer Cláudio F. R.
Published: February 2023

Este artigo descreve o modelo de implementação em rede local de computadores de uma proposta de exploração do paralelismo da linguagem Prolog. O trabalho é fundamentado no modelo E/OU do projeto Opera, que integra o paralelismo OU multi-sequencial e o paralelismo E-restrito (RAP). São tratados tópicos pertinentes à arquitetura de processos, à política de escalonamento e à gerência de memória.
Uma Comparação Entre Dois Algoritmos de Exclusão Mútua para Redes de Computadores
Authors: Couto Kêmio de Oliveira , Mendes Marco Aurélio de Souza , Carvalho Osvaldo S. F.
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho faz uma comparação por simulação de dois algoritmos de exclusão mútua para sistemas distribuídos. Os algoritmos avaliados (Mackawa) e (Carvalho e Campos) utilizam um esquema de comunicação definido através de um plano projetivo finito a fim de minimizar o número de mensagens enviadas por pedido de exclusão mútua. A comparação aborda o número de mensagens gastas por cada pedido de exclusão mútua, o tempo de espera pelo recurso compartilhado, a carga sobre este e o tempo total de ciclo. Decorre deste trabalho que o algoritmo de Carvalho e Campos deveria ser usado em situações de carga alta sobre o recurso e sistemas não balanceados enquanto que o algoritmo de Maekawa é preferível nas situações de carga baixa e sistemas balanceados.
Um Método de Identificação Recursiva Paralela
Authors: Costa Filho José Tarcisio , Bottura Celso Pascoli , Barreto Gilmar
Published: February 2023

Para as aplicações em sistemas de tempo real onde o controle e a identificação são separados em tarefas independentes e cooperantes e que podem ser executadas sobre computadores paralelos é possível aumentarmos o desempenho computacional das tarefas de identificação e controle, possibilitando a utilização eficiente de recursos de hardware e software. Neste trabalho, empregamos esquemas de fatorização matricial na estrutura algébrica de métodos de estimacão recursiva de parâmetros, visando a geração de algoritmos paralelos e vetoriais de alto nível. A idéia básica é a obtenção de decomposições matriciais baseadas nas transformações ortonormais de Householder para paralelizar algoritmos de identificação.
Algoritmos Paralelos de Gerência e Alocação de Processadores em Máquinas Multiprocessadoras Hipercúbicas
Authors: De Rose César A. F. , Navaux Philippe O. A.
Published: February 2023

O desempenho obtido por uma máquina maciçamente paralela depende em grande parte da eficácia e eficiência do algoritmo de gerência e alocação de processadores utilizado. Este trabalho analisa a possibilidade de se melhorar o desempenho dos algoritmos de gerência e alocação de processadores em máquinas multiprocessadoras hipercúbicas através de sua paralelização. São propostas versões paralelas dos principais algoritmos encontrados na literatura e apresentados os resultados obtidos.
Análise de Escoamentos Bi-Fásicos Incompressíveis Imiscíveis pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos No Cray Y-MP2E/232
Authors: Coutinho Alvaro L. G. A. , Alves José L. D. , Ebecken Nelson F. F.
Published: February 2023

Este trabalho apresenta medições de desempenho de um código para a análise de escoamentos bi-fásicos incompressíveis imiscíveis pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos no supercomputador CRAY Y-MP 2E/232. O código foi validado através da utilização intensiva de ferramentas de visualização científica e todas as medições de desempenho efetuadas alcançaram taxas superiores a 100 Mflops.
Um Novo Algoritmo de Concorrência para Acesso e Compactação de Árvores-B
Authors: Zisman A. , Setzer V. W.
Published: February 2023

Esse trabalho apresenta inicialmente uma breve (mas completa) resenha sobre as várias soluções do problema de controle de concorrência de processos percorrendo árvores-B. Em seguida é proposta uma nova solução que se caracteriza por empregar índices de tamanho variável, utilizar apenas um único tipo de bloqueio nas operações usuais de acesso à árvore, e empregar desdobramentos prévios, e concatenações e redistribuições adiadas. E apresentado um novo algoritmo de compactação e sua execução concorrente, utilizando um novo tipo de bloqueio.
Um Compilador para a Linguagem Híbrida de Programação Paralela C_Actus
Authors: Favre L. E. , Amorim C. L. de , Carneiro M. C. R. , Maciel P. M. C. P. F.
Published: February 2023

Neste trabalho é proposta uma nova versão da linguagem de programação paralela Actus, na qual é introduzido o conceito de modularização e modificações orientadas para uma maior simplicidade tanto no processo de compilação como na depuração de programas paralelos além de assegurar uma maior transportabilidade da linguagem para máquinas vetoriais e máquinas MIMD. A implementação do compilador da linguagem híbrida resultante, denominada C_Actus é discutida.
Simulação de Modelos Paralelos de Programação em Lógica
Authors: Costa Ruy Marinho da , Amorim Cláudio Luis de
Published: February 2023

Apresentamos neste trabalho o projeto e a implementação de um simulador que tem por finalidade avaliar a eficiência de modelos de execução paralela de programas lógicos. O simulador permite otimizar modelos e obter medidas de desempenho tais como número de unificações, comunicações e processos criados. A arquitetura do similador é descrita em termos de seus componentes: processadores virtuais, processos, comunicações e sincronização. Os resultados obtidos na implementação dos modelos Backup e Kabu-Wake são discutidos e confirmam o simulador como uma ferramenta simples, versátil e útil para a pesquisa em modelos paralelos de programação em lógica.
Primitivas para Programação Paralela no MULTIPLUS
Authors: Azevedo Rafael Peixoto de , Azevedo Gustavo Peixoto de , Silveira Júlio Tadeu Carvalho da , Aude Júlio Salek
Published: February 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma definição do modelo básico de programação paralela que será provido pelo sistema operacional MULPLIX, para a família de computadores paralelos de alto desempenho MULTIPLUS. O modelo representa simultaneamente uma extensão ao conceito de processo suportado pelos sistemas operacionais com filosofia UNIX — considerado um modelo bem sucedido de computação seqüencial — e uma versão mais realista do modelo PRAM, atualmente o principal modelo para estudo de algoritmos paralelos em memória compartilhada. O texto explica os mecanismos definidos para execução paralela, alocação de memória e sincronização. A utilização destes mecanismos é exemplificada através de um programa paralelo para a resolução de sistemas lineares pelo método de Eliminação Gaussiana.
Transnationale Wirtschaftskriminalität als globales State-Corporate Crime
Authors: Böhm María Laura
Published: February 2023

The "undercriminalized" criminality of the politically and economically powerful actors is the focus of the work. The connections between economic policy issues and forms of structural violence are presented as the context of this criminality. Activities, interactions of interests and consequences of the socially harmful industrial resource extraction of the Global North in Latin America are examined case-analytically with the help of the concept of state-corporate crime, which is still unknown in Germany. The book is thus an enrichment for German-language criminology and will also stimulate (criminal) legal as well as legal policy discussions.
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES AND MAIN SUGGESTIONS FOR ELIMINATING TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND IMPROVING THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF BAKU
Authors:   Ministry of Science and Education of the  Republic of Azerbaijan, Piriyev Yakub ,   Azerbaijan Technical University,   Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Bayramov Razim , Sharifov Valeh
Published: February 2023

Abstract. the level of automobile use in Baku is not so high compared to European and CIS countries, and this indicator does not constitute the basis of the congestion problem observed in Baku. The density of the street-road network in Baku city is not adequate for the number of vehicles. That is, the road infrastructure is at a low level and the road density is low. Also, parking spaces are limited and the number of private cars is high. This study aims to identify conceptual approaches to eliminate traffic congestion and improve the transport system in Baku and put forward a number of proposals. Keywords: system, density, motorization, master plan, metrobus, public transport, transport yacht, planning structure
UNIQUENESS OF ALGEBROID FUNCTIONS IN CONNECTION TO NEVANLINNA’S FIVE-VALUE THEOREM
Authors: Rathod Ashok
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we prove a uniqueness theorem for derivatives of algebroid functions which improve and generalize the Navenlinna’s five-value theorem for algebroid functions.
Overview, Management of the Infections in Psoriatic Patients Treated with Systemic Therapies: A lesson from the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Balato Anna , Scala Emanuele , Eyerich Kilian , Brembilla Nicolo Costantino , Chiricozzi Andrea , Sabat Robert , Ghoreschi Kamran
Published: February 2023

Modern treatments continue to be developed, based on identifying targets within the innate and adaptive immune pathways associated with psoriasis. Whilst there is a sound biologic rationale for increased risk of infection following treatment with immunomodulators, the clinical evidence is confounded by these agents being used in patients affected with several comorbidities. In an era characterized by ever greater and growing risk of infections, it is necessary to always be updated on this risk. In this review, we will discuss recent updates in psoriasis immunopathogenesis as a rationale for systemic therapy, outline the risk of infections linked to the disease itself and systemic therapy as well, and provide an overview about the management of infections.
The Role of Ischemia-modified Albumin and Ischemia-modified Albumin to Albumin Ratios in Patients with Alopecia Areata
Authors: TanaCan Efsun , Oztekin Aynure , Savcı Unsal , Senel Engin , Oztekin Coskun , Neseoglu Salim , Ozcan Erel
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the role of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) and IMA/albumin levels in patients with AA.

Methods: The present prospective crossectional study includes patients ≥ 18 who admitted to the Dermatology and Venerology Department of XXXX University Hospital between April 1 2021, and September 30 2021. 70 patients participated in the study (n=34 for the study group and n=36 for the control group). Demographic features, clinical characteristics, IMA, and IMA/albumin levels were compared between the groups. Study group was divided into subgroups based on the number of patches, disease duration, and number of disease attacks. IMA and IMA/albumin levels were compared between each subgroup.

Results: Study and control groups were similar with regard to demographic features and clinical characteristics. Significant differences were observed between the mean IMA and IMA /albumin ratio (p=0.004 and 0.012, respectively). The study subgroups were comparable for the number of patches, disease duration and number of disease attack.

Conclusion: Although oxydative stress is an important component in the etiology of AA, IMA and IMA/albumin may not be useful in the prediction of disease severity in patients with AA.

Keywords: Alopecia areata, ischemia-modified albumin, IMA/albumin, disease severity.
Attitudes Towards Artificial intelligence Among Dermatologists Working in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Ali Fatima , Polesie Sam , Paoli John , Aljasser Mohammed , Salah Louai
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) and its application are one of the most discussed modern technologies nowadays. With the rapid use of AI in medicine, and specifically in dermatology, only a few studies have studied the attitude of physicians toward AI.
Objective: To recognize the attitudes towards AI among dermatologists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done among dermatologists in Saudi Arabia.  Questionnaires were distributed through several online channels.
Results: Overall, 103 dermatologists filled out the survey. The majority saw very strong or strong potential for AI in automated detection of skin diseases based on dermatological clinical images (50.9%), dermoscopic images (66.6%), and within dermatopathology (66.6%). In regard to results of attitudes towards AI, 56.6% and 52. 8% agreed that AI will revolutionize medicine and dermatology, respectively. However, many of the respondents disagreed that AI will replace physicians (41.5%) and human dermatologists (39.6%) in the future.. Age did not impact the overall attitude of dermatologists. 
Conclusion: Dermatologists in Saudi Arabia showed an optimistic attitude towards AI in dermatology and medicine. However, dermatologists believe that AI will not replace humans in the future.