bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Phenomena in Nuclear Thermal Hydraulics and Current Status
Authors: D’Auria F. , Aksan N. , Glaeser H.
Published: April 2021

116 nuclear Thermal-Hydraulic Phenomena T-HP are identified in the present paper, following documents issued during the last three decades by the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations of Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD/NEA/CSNI) and by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The derived T-HP list includes consideration of experiments performed in Separate Effect Test (SET) and Integral Effect Test (IET) facilities relevant to reactor coolant system and containment of Water Cooled Nuclear Reactors (WCNR). We consider a dozen WCNR types: Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), Russian reactors (VVER-440, VVER-1000 and RBMK), pressure tube heavy water reactors by Canada (CANDU) and India (PHWR) and so-called ‘advanced’ reactors (e.g. AP-1000 and APR-1400 designed in US and Korea, respectively). We envisage a variety of applications for the T-HP list. Four of the phenomena are helpful to characterize the current state of art in nuclear thermal-hydraulics: Counter Current Flow Limitation (CCFL), Critical Heat Flux (CHF), reflood and Two-Phase Critical Flow (TPCF). Furthermore, the T-HP identification contributes to addressing the scaling issue, performing uncertainty evaluations, developing constitutive equations and ‘special models’ in codes and prioritizing the research.
Effect of Chemical Reaction and Thermo-Diffusion in an Electrically Conducting Walters’ B Fluid over a Vertical Stretching Surface
Authors: Akinbo B.J. , Olajuwon B.I. , Osinuga I.A. , Kuye S.I.
Published: April 2021

In this article, the significance of chemical reaction and thermo-diffusion in Walters’ B fluid is examined with medium porosity under the influence of non-uniform heat generation\absorption. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the flow are obtained via similarity variables and tackled by Homotopy Analysis Method. The results show among others that involvement of chemical reaction contributes to the shrinking of concentration buoyancy effect while dimensionless temperature overshoot with large values of convective heat parameter and heat generation\absorption which enable thermal potency to gain entrance to the quiescent-fluid, indicating that the two parameters can be used for drying of the components.
Caloric Solid-State Magnetocaloric Cooling: Physical Phenomenon, Thermodynamic Cycles and Materials
Authors: Greco Adriana , Farina Adriana R. , Masselli Claudia
Published: April 2021

Magnetic refrigeration is a promising and ecologic technology, alternative to the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration by the employment of solid-state materials as refrigerants instead of the fluid-state ones, own of vapour compression refrigeration. This emerging technology bases its operation on the MagnetoCaloric Effect (MCE), which is a physical phenomenon, related to solid-state materials with magnetic properties. For materials displaying simple magnetic ordering (i.e. paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transformations) a rapid increase in magnetic field causes a temperature rise in the material; likewise, a rapid reduction in the field causes cooling. This variation in temperature is called adiabatic temperature change. In 1982 the Active Magnetic Regenerative refrigeration cycle, well known as AMR cycle was introduced. The innovative idea considers a magnetic Brayton cycle but the main innovation consists of introducing the AMR regenerator concept, i.e. the employment of the magnetic material itself both as refrigerant and as regenerator. A secondary fluid is used to transfer heat from the cold to the hot end of the regenerator. Substantially every section of the regenerator experiments its own AMR cycle, according to the proper working temperature. Through an AMR one can appreciate a larger temperature span among the ends of the regenerator.
Awards for the Chemical Industries in Italy, from the Responsible Care Program, Examples of Sustainable Development
Authors: Trifirò Ferruccio
Published: April 2021

In this note are reported the awards of the Responsible Care program of Federchimica the Italian Association of Chemical Industries attributed to industries that operate in the following strategies of Sustainable Development: the modification of the processes in order to decrease the consume of energy and water and to decrease the amount of produced wastes the transformation of the wastes of the industrial plants and of the products on the market in useful products or new raw materials; the use of biomass as raw material; the teaching of Sustainable Development to students and to employees in order to increase safety in the work. The awards have been attributed to projects from 2017 to 2020 realized in industrial plants in Italy or in the towns where the industries have the plants.
MHD Slip Flow for Casson Nano Fluid over a Radically Surface with Zero Mass Flux at the Surface, Non-liner Radiation and Temperature Jump
Authors: Olkha Amala , Parmar Amit , Dadheech Amit
Published: April 2021

The impact of second order velocity slip with zero mass flux over a malting radially surface is deliberated in the present study to explore the solution of boundary layer flow for MHD Casson nano-fluid heat and mass transfer utilizing nonlinear thermal radiation, heat source and velocity and temperature jumping effect. The temperature and mass equation effect of cross-diffusion is set. Scheme of R.K. using the shooting method, the fourth order is used to derive the correct transformation of the nonlinear differential equation (ODE) mathematical solution from the partial differential equation (PDE) model. The visual definition is used to explain the effect of fluid flow variable such as temperature change, first and second order velocity slip parameter, magnetic parameter, heat source and radiation parameter, surface melting parameter, temperature ratio parameter on dimensional density, temperature and mass profiles. The numerous Nussels, local skin tension and the amount of Sherwoods is expressed in table form. The results obtained confirm that there is an excellent agreement in open literature with those available. In the case of first and second order slip conditions, the skin frication is magnified. The contrary effect can also be seen in the amount of Nusselt.
CONSOLIDATION OF FEMORAL FRACTURES AT APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION DURATION OF THE PERIOD FROM TRAUMA TO OSTEOSYNTHESIS
Authors:   National Ilizarov Scientific Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Emanov A.A. , Stogov M.V. ,   National Ilizarov Scientific Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kireeva E.A. ,   National Ilizarov Scientific Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Tushina N.V. ,   National Ilizarov Scientific Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics
Published: April 2021

Objective. To study the characteristics and healing duration of the diaphyseal femoral fractures, depending on the technologies used for osteosynthesis and the time between trauma and osteosynthesis. Methods. The study was performed on bred dogs (n=24). In the operating theatre all animals were modeled the transverse fracture of the femoral diaphysis in the middle third using a chisel. The animals were divided into 4 groups (6 per group). Animals of group 1 (one hour after the fracture) underwent transosseousosteosynthesis with a pin-rod external fixation device (PREF). In group 2, PREF was performed on the fourth day after the injury. In group 3 (one hour after the injury) blockable intramedullary osteosynthesis (BIOS) was performed. In group 4, the similar BIOS was performed on the fourth day after the fracture. To assess the results of treatment, the clinical, radiological and laboratory research methods were used. The duration of post-operative observation of the animals was 100 days. Results. It has been found out that the dynamics of osteoreparative processes in the studied groups was similar and did not depend on the time between trauma and osteosynthesis. The median time for the femoral shaft fracture healing in animals of group 1 was 46 days (Q1-Q3: 38-57), in group 2 - 73 days (Q1-Q3: 71-78) (differences between groups are significant at p=0.004); in group 3 - 49 days (Q1-Q3: 44-60), in group 4 - 72 days (Q1-Q3: 70-93) (differences between groups are significant at p=0.008). It is shown that the reason for the increase in fixation terms in dogs with the delayed osteosynthesis is the long-term persistence of the acute phase reaction caused by trauma (using the growth of C-reactive protein as an example). Conclusion. The healing terms of a femoral shaft fracture with the use of PREF technology and BIOS technology are comparable, both in the conditions of urgent and delayed osteosynthesis. What this paper adds It has been determined the similarity of the osteoreparation dynamics in the healing of diaphyseal femoral fractures: under conditions of osteosynthesis with a pin-rod external fixation device (PREF) and blocked intramedullary osteosynthesis (BIOS). For the first time it has been shown that healing terms of a diaphyseal femoral fractures when osteosynthesis performed in 4 days after injury is 1.5 fold longer in comparison with the performance of osteosynthesis within 1 hour after the injury. For the first time it has been shown that in the case of delayed osteosynthesis, the effectiveness of PREF and BIOS is comparable in terms of the duration of the consolidation of the diaphyseal femoral fractures.
CONHECIMENTO DOS DOCENTES E DISCENTES DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE O SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA
Authors: Medeiros Anderson Brito de , Freire Izaura Luzia Silvério , Santos Fernanda Rafaela dos , Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da , Batista George Felipe de Moura , Menezes Márcio Moreira de
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos docentes e discentes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública sobre o suporte básico de vida. Método: estudo exploratório, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 40 docentes (graduação e técnico em enfermagem) e 89 discentes do curso técnico em enfermagem, por meio de questionário.  Resultados: observou-se maior conhecimento dos participantes referentes ao ambiente onde se pode realizar a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (88,4%), aos sinais clínicos que identificam uma parada cardiorrespiratória (77,5%), a relação compressão X ventilação (71,3%), aos elos da cadeia de sobrevivência (56,6%) e a profundidade das compressões torácicas (55,0%). Em outras questões, ocorreu percentual de erros significantes, tais como: situações especiais para utilização do desfibrilador externo automático (93,8%), sinais da parada respiratória (69,8%), ritmos chocáveis (65,1%) e frequência das compressões torácicas (50,4%).  Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou significativo déficit de conhecimento sobre suporte básico de vida, tanto entre os discentes quanto entre os docentes.
Rola convention bureau w kształtowaniu konkurencyjności miasta
Authors: Latuszek Natalia
Published: April 2021

W monografii postawiono problem badawczy: w jaki sposób działalność convention bureau wpływa na konkurencyjność miasta. Przyjęto, że convention bureau wpływa na konkurencyjność miasta, oddziałując na kształtowanie się kosztów transakcyjnych na rynku spotkań, a tym samym na wykorzystanie lokalnych zasobów. Z kolei celem pracy była identyfikacja zakresów działalności convention bureau w największym stopniu przyczyniających się do ograniczania kosztów transakcyjnych w branży spotkań. Wieloetapowe badanie empiryczne dotyczyło ról oraz zadań zagranicznych i polskich convention bureaux. W pierwszej kolejności odwołano się do zagadnienia konkurencyjności miast, różnorodności zasobów niezbędnych do jej kształtowania, a także znaczenia instytucji i kosztów transakcyjnych w tym procesie. W następnych dwóch rozdziałach scharakteryzowano branżę spotkań oraz jej strukturę przedmiotową i podmiotową. W czwartym rozdziale skoncentrowano się na convention bureau – genezie tego podmiotu, jego definicjach, a także podstawowych zakresach działalności. Piąty rozdział stanowi podsumowanie metod badawczych zastosowanych podczas badań. W kolejnych dwóch rozdziałach zaprezentowano wyniki empirycznej weryfikacji założeń teoretycznych. Wreszcie zebrano wnioski wynikające ze studiów literaturowych i analiz empirycznych oraz przedstawiono rekomendacje praktyczne. Stwierdzono, że convention bureau może oddziaływać na konkurencyjność miasta na wiele sposobów – przede wszystkim jednak odgrywając rolę agenta, ponieważ w tym przypadku powinno w największym stopniu ograniczać koszty transakcyjne powstające w relacjach między organizatorem spotkania, lokalną branżą spotkań i samorządem. Równocześnie wpływa na wykorzystanie miejscowych zasobów oraz wzmacnia potencjał miasta w bezpośredniej rywalizacji na arenie międzynarodowej.
Etiological structure and comorbidity of cardioembolic stroke
Authors: Chukhlovina M. L. , Alekseeva T. M. , Efremova E. S.
Published: April 2021

Objective. Cardioembolic (CE) subtype has recently become increasingly important in the structure of brain stroke. This raises the question about the causes of CE stroke at the present stage. Clinical experience shows that the presence of comorbid disorders has a great influence on the course, early diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of the disease. However, the data on the structure of CE stroke and comorbid disorders are contradictory. This article aimed at studying etiological structure of CE stroke and its comorbidities.

Design and methods. The study included 62 patients at the acute phase of ischemic stroke aged from 44 to 96 years. The CHA2DS2-VASc scale was used to evaluate the expected annual stroke risk. Results. Our data show that the etiological structure of the CE stroke is presented predominantly by atrial fibrillation, followed by acute myocardial infarction. Compared to atherothrombotic stroke, the CE stroke was found to have a higher comorbidity index. CHA2DS2-VASc total score in patients with CE stroke showed a high risk of recurrent acute cerebrovascular accident.

Conclusions. Thus, an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnostic and treatment process involving a cardiologist and neurologist is required in order to improve the effectiveness of therapy and prognosis.
Parathyroid gland disorders and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Karonova Tatiana L. , Pogosian Karina A. , Yanevskaya Liubov G. , Belyaeva Olga D. , Grineva Elena N.
Published: April 2021

The review provides systematic information on the relation between pathology of parathyroid glands and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have shown that actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium affect the heart and vasculature through downstream actions of their receptors in the myocardium and endothelial cells, which lead to higher incidence of CVD among patients with parathyroid gland disorders (PGD). The mechanisms underlying this association also include insulin resistance and altered renin-angiotensinaldosterone axis among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. However, low calcium and PTH level in hypoparathyroid patients are characterized by higher values of arterial stiffness, electrocardiogram abnormalities, vascular atherosclerosis and remodeling. These factors contribute to low quality of life among those patients. Knowledge of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis in patients with hyper- or hypoparathyroidism could help to improve quality of diagnostic and treatment and decrease the burden of cardiac risk factors. This review will be of interest to endocrinologists and cardiologists, and other specialists.
Evaluation of erythrocyte deformability in patients with hypertension
Authors: Pivovarov Yu. I. , Dmitrieva L. A. , Sergeeva A. S. , Say O. V. , Yan’kova T. S.
Published: April 2021

Background. In the longterm course of hypertension, changes occur not only at the systemic, but also at the membrane level. The predominance of red blood spherocytic cells in hypertension, due to the low deformability of their membrane, can lead to further deterioration of the perfusion of the microcirculatory bed and the development of oxygen starvation of tissues. It is important to assess the extent of gas exchange disorders in organs and tissues in hypertension as early as possible in order to choose the correct and timely treatment strategy for patients with this disease. Currently, in order to assess the ability of red blood cells to deformability in the conditions of clinical units, it is necessary to have special equipment, certain conditions and specialist qualifications.

Design and methods. We have developed a method of evaluating deformability of erythrocytes in hypertensive patients. The method includes measuring the patient’s blood pressure, blood sampling, lipidogram, measuring red blood cell parameters on a hematological analyzer with the calculation of the red blood cell sphericity index, and calculating the indicator of the red blood cell membrane deformability by the proposed formula.

Conclusions. This method allows of timely diagnostics of the systemic microcirculation abnormality in hypertensive patients. The proposed method is intended for pathophysiologists, physicians, cardiologists, specialists of clinical laboratory diagnostics, it can also be applied for research purposes.
Free-Radical Scavenging Activity (FRSA) of Secondary Metabolite Extracted from Indonesian Eucheuma spinosum
Authors: Inayah Nurul , Masruri Masruri
Published: April 2021

IIndonesia is the biggest country in the production of red seaweed of Eucheuma spinosum. The red seaweed has bioactive compounds that have a potential activity such as phenolic compounds as well as carrageenan and pigments. This paper reported phytochemical analysis of E. spinosum harvested by a local farmer in Sumenep Island, East Java and free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA) derived from 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) for several organic solvents. For extraction, dried powder is added with 5.0 mL of various solvents following by ultra-sonication assisted extraction for 30 minutes. The extract was separated by centrifugation for phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging evaluation. The prospecting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts indicated the potency for radical scavengers. Alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins were secondary metabolites that indicated the presence in the extracts. The best IC50 value was presented by ethyl acetate extracts (384,86 ppm) with 38.78% for 50 ppm, while IC50 values of n-hexane, methanolic, dicloromethane extracts were 410.12, 677.76 and 685.08 ppm, respectively. Keywords: Eucheuma spinosum, phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging activity
Community Leaders and Decentralised Governance: Tales from the SEWA Field
Authors: Sen Paromita , Haque Aiman
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown in India resulted in women informal economy workers being out of jobs and with no social security blanket to rely on. Women community leaders therefore worked with the state to reach out to the most vulnerable and marginalised populations. This resulted in decentralised units where decisions are made at the community level in a collective fashion including critical and diverse stakeholders, in collaboration with state authorities. This model works best where locally developed networks with high levels of community trust exist that enable community leaders to reach communities in distress quickly and effectively, ensuring that relief and aid is delivered to those who need it the most. Additionally, women coming together to advocate for themselves as women workers allows for us to build back better with a key focus on marginal populations such as women at the bottom of the pyramid.
Food Systems After Covid-19
Authors: Ebata Ayako , Nisbett Nicholas , Gillespie Stuart
Published: April 2021

Measures to slow down the spread of Covid-19 have had profound effects on the food and nutrition security of poor and marginalised households and communities. This article provides an overview of the effects of Covid-19 on food systems across low- and middle-income countries using resilience and political economy lenses, before proposing approaches to build back resilient and equitable food systems. First, future interventions need to target structural issues that limit people’s agency in accessing nutritious and diverse food and production capital. Second, local innovation systems and institutions require investment to create a market environment that benefits domestic (small and medium) enterprises and agri‑food supply chain workers without jeopardising the environment. Third, interventions need to be informed by a diverse set of opinions that include the voices of the most marginalised.
¿Es posible incrementar la motivación por oportunidad de los inmigrantes emprendedores en Europa?
Authors: García-Cabrera Antonia Mercedes , Lucía-Casademunt Ana María , Padilla-Angulo Laura
Published: April 2021

Este estudio analiza los factores que condicionan la motivación por oportunidad del inmigrante emprendedor establecido en 31 países europeos. Se encuentra que la distancia lingüística existente entre los países de residencia y de origen del inmigrante socava su motivación emprendedora por oportunidad. El trabajo también encuentra que tal motivación aumenta cuando: (1) la cultura del país de acogida se caracteriza por la presencia de valores culturales de elevada aversión a la incertidumbre, que habitualmente reduce el comportamiento emprendedor de la población local; y (2) las leyes y regulaciones vigentes en su país de origen y su país residencia difieren.
Covid-19 y cetoacidosis diabética erróneamente diagnosticadas como ansiedad primaria: Reporte de un caso acerca de causas médicas versus psiquiátricas de ansiedad.
Authors: Rodríguez-León Jamie , Ortiz-Pinillos Lorena Lucía , Cruzado Lizardo
Published: April 2021

Los trastornos de ansiedad tienen gran importancia en la psiquiatría de urgencias, tanto por la frecuencia con la que se presentan, como por la relevancia de las enfermedades somáticas que pueden subyacer a un cuadro ansioso. Resulta imperativo determinar desde el abordaje diagnóstico inicial si los signos y síntomas de la ansiedad constituyen una plena respuesta a situaciones de estrés, son manifestaciones de una patología somática subyacente, o se pueden explicar como síntomas de un trastorno psiquiátrico primario específico. En el momento actual, la pandemia de COVID-19 –en la que el Perú ha llegado a tener la mayor tasa de mortalidad mundial-- desborda los servicios de salud con abigarrados cuadros en los que se combinan tanto los síntomas de la infección viral por sí misma, como los de reacciones ansiosas y respuestas al estrés. A propósito de un caso ilustrativo, en el que el proceso de tamizaje médico fue deficitario y se etiquetó al paciente como un caso primario de “ansiedad”, con un desenlace lamentablemente ominoso, se revisa brevemente la literatura acerca del proceso de medical clearance  (o descarte de condiciones  médicas) y se reafirma concluyentemente la importancia de una consideración diagnóstica inicial abarcadora, no sesgada, y basada en criterios clínicos sólidamente elaborados y sustentados. Es evidente, por otro lado, que el psiquiatra requiere estar permanentemente actualizado sobre las formas de presentación psicopatológica asociadas a la sintomatología de COVID-19.
Economic Diplomacy as A Subject and Research Agenda: Practical, Conceptual and Methodological Issue
Authors: Killian Pantri Muthriana Erza
Published: April 2021

Dalam kurun waktu 15-20 tahun terakhir, diplomasi ekonomi menjadi salah satu topik riset yang cukup diminati, seiring dengan semakin aktifnya negara-negara di dunia melakukan aktivitas ini. Australia, Jepang, Cina dan Indonesia merupakan contoh negara-negara yang telah melakukan restrukturisasi terhadap instrumen dan arah politik luar negeri untuk mengakomodasi masuknya diplomasi ekonomi sebagai salah satu agenda utama politik luar negerinya. Sayangnya, sebagai suatu kajian baru, diplomasi ekonomi masih mengalami beberapa tantangan utama, khususnya dalam proses pembentukan pengetahuan (knowledge-building process), yang ditandai dengan permasalahan pada tiga aspek utama yakni isu konseptual, metodologis dan alat analisis. Berdasarkan penelusuran terhadap referensi-referensi utamanya, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa diplomasi ekonomi masih membutuhkan konsolidasi di berbagai aspek termasuk definisi, varian/aliran, metode penelitian dan kerangka teori. Lebih lanjut, dikotomi antara studi diplomasi dan ilmu ekonomi – sebagai ilmu induk diplomasi ekonomi – juga menyebabkan polarisasi yang cukup signifikan dan berpengaruh pada perkembangannya sebagai bidang kajian. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan upaya-upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan ini dan membentuk diplomasi ekonomi sebagai suatu kajian dan agenda riset yang lebih tertata, sistematis, dan komprehensif.Kata-kata kunci: diplomasi ekonomi, diplomasi, diplomasi dagang, diplomasi komersialWithin the last 15-20 years, economic diplomacy has emerged to become an intriguing research topic, in line with states’ growing practice in this activity. Australia, Japan, China, and Indonesia are amongst the states who had restructured their instruments and foreign policy directions to incorporate economic diplomacy as an integral part of it. However, as a new research area, economic diplomacy faces several challenges in its knowledge-building process, most notably in formulating the conceptual, methodological, and analytical basis of the study. By tracing the core references of economic diplomacy, this paper finds that, as a research agenda, economic diplomacy lacks consolidation regarding its definition, variants/strands, research methods dan theoretical models. Moreover, the rigid dichotomy between diplomacy and economy – as the knowledge base of economic diplomacy – creates a significant polarisation, affecting economic diplomacy’s development as a new research field. Therefore, this paper seeks to introduce ways to overcome these problems and develop economic diplomacy as a more systematic and comprehensive research agenda.Keywords: economic diplomacy, diplomacy, trade diplomacy, commercial diplomacy
Sumane Bewawo Hasi Ritual: A symbolic act respecting the ancestors in South Nias Regency
Authors: Hia Potensi Juniarti , Zega Firman Yamonaha
Published: April 2021

Sumane bewawӧ hasi is one of the rituals in the funeral ceremony originating from the Nias Tribe that is engaged in by the people in ӧri To’ene, ӧri Mazinӧ, and ӧri Onolalu in South Nias. This study aimed to determine the symbolic meaning of each of the series of rituals to do with the giving of sumane bewawӧ hasi. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method and symbolic interaction theory. The data collection in this study consisted of interviews, observations, and documentation techniques. Furthermore, the data analysis used data reduction, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research shows that sumane bewawӧ hasi is a symbolic act that specifically aims to pay homage to the parents or ancestors as a symbol of separation. It can also involve famolakhӧmi ya’ira sofulo (glory/dignity of the community) and appreciation of the people attending the funeral. This ritual also aims to strengthen the kinship in the family (fahasara dӧdӧ si fatifusӧ) as a form of togetherness, celebrating the involvement of the entire extended family in the implementation of the religious and familial events. The implementation process consists of several stages: orahua sifatalifusӧ, fame’e sumane and the implementation of hӧlihӧli Sumane.
The struggle of Tengger Tribal youths using higher education to get social and cultural status in society
Authors: Fatjerin Lenny Raficha , Budirahayu Tuti
Published: April 2021

The enrollment rate for the higher education of the Tengger tribe is low. However, there is a group of Tengger youths who have the determination to achieve a Bachelor’s degree despite the limitations that they encounter. This study aimed to describe the meaning of education among the Tengger tribe and the efforts of the Tengger youths to continue their studies in college. This study was conducted in Ngadiwono Village Pasuruan Regency in the East Java Province and using a qualitative method. The data is analyzed by social and cultural reproduction theory by Pierre Bourdieu. The data was obtained from bachelor students and people from the older community group in order to find out the meaning of education based on their understanding. The data was collected using interviews, observations and documentation methods. The results of this study show that the success of the youths in becoming undergraduates was due to their effort and hard work. They were supported by their families who had a better understanding of the meaning of education. They have a social modal that they got from elementary education. They develop their social capital to get better education and occupations in the future.
POTENTIALLY OF PURPLE LEAVES TO INCREASE OSTEOBLASTAT ALVEOLAR BONE RAT INDUCED PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS
Authors: Dyasti Pramita Wahyu , Kurniawati Atik , Pujiastuti Peni
Published: April 2021

Background: Periodontal disease are common dental and oral health problems in the community. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is one of the main causes of the periodontal disease. The alveolar bone resorption could be as severity indicator of the disease, so that need a material that can help a process of bone remineralization. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that are responsible for the mineralization of the bone matrix. Purple leaf is one of the thirteen commodities developed by DitjenPOM as a superior medicinal plant. Purpose: To determine the effect of 2,5%, 5% and 10% purple leaf extract (EDU) of osteoblasts cells in wistar rats induced by Pg. Method: Thirty male wistar rats divided into 5 groups, namely N (without treatment), K (Pg), P (Pg+EDU 2,5%), P2 (Pg+ EDU 5%), P3 (Pg+EDU 10%). EDU administration once a day for 7 days. The mice were decaputated on the 7 th day and the left mandible was taken to make preparations followed by HE staining, observation and calculation of the number of osteoblast cells in 3 different fields. The results of the observations (data) were added up, averaged and analyzed by One Way ANOVA. Result: The group induced by Pg and EDU had a higher average number of osteoblasts than the K and N group. Conclusion: Purple leaf extract (EDU) can increase osteoblasts cells in the alveolar bone of male wistar rats induced by Pg with the highest number of osteoblasts in the 10% concentration.
La comunicación interna como herramienta estratégica de la gestión organizacional en los nuevos emprendimientos y startups. Caso: película pasante de moda
Authors:   , Meyer Vásquez, Ludwin Alexander
Published: April 2021

La investigación en curso busca analizar la importancia de la comunicación interna desde la gestión organizacional como herramienta estratégica en los nuevos emprendimientos y startups, tomando como referencia la película Pasante de Moda. Se basó en un “Estudio de Caso”, con un diseño no experimental, a través del método cualitativo. El escenario de estudio se ubicó en la película y se consideró a sus personajes como la población.
SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise
Authors: Duerr Ralf , Crosse Keaton , Valero Jimenez Ana Mayela , Dittmann Meike
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses’ structural and functional characteristics delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.
Declarative Phonology and Suppletion: Non-stratal, Non-Derivational Models of Phonology and Morphological Alternation
Authors: Veloso João
Published: April 2021

This draft aims at opening a discussion about the adequacy of non-stratal, non-derivational models of phonology, such as Declarative Phonology, to give appropriate accounts of any kind of phonological variation of morphemes. Refuting the assumption that all variants of one single morpheme correspond to a unique underlying form consecutively respecified through ordered adjustments of phonological shape, Declarative Phonology seems able to integrate explanations of both suppletive and non-suppletive alternation. A rough application of this model to suppletive alternation in Portuguese will be sketched out.
Emerging Industry: Identifying the Effective Institutional Factors on the Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities of Sports Tourism Industry in Developing Countries
Authors: Heydari Reza , Keshtidar Mohammad , Ramkissoon Haywantee , Esfahani Mahdi , Asadollahi Ehsan
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the effective institutional factors on the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities of the sports tourism industry in developing countries. This research is a qualitative study, the systematic method of Strauss and Corbin (1990) has been used to analyze the data. Interviewing is the main method of collecting data in this research, which semi-structured interviews were done with 45 members of the research community. According to Shane and Venkataraman individual-opportunity nexus framework (2000), interview questions were drafted and simultaneously with data collection from interviews, data analysis was performed. Based on the research results, 75 indicators affecting the exploitation of entrepreneurship opportunities in sports tourism were identified. Our research findings show that the necessary institutional arrangements in regulatory/legal/administrative dimensions (rule of law, government policies), normative/cultural (social norms, values and beliefs), cognitive/educational (promotion of elite knowledge, promotion of social knowledge) and guidance measures/supporter (public sector support, private sector support, complementary attraction and information technology) can improve the rate of entrepreneurial behavior in this area by increasing the ability and willingness of entrepreneurs to take advantage of entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of sports tourism. Finally, according to the research results, it can be suggested that for the growth of the sports tourism industry in developing countries, The existence of a legal, normative, supportive and educational environment will affect the ability and desire of market participants to identify and exploit the entrepreneurial opportunities of this emerging industry.
Barriers to the Enforcement of Environmental Law: An Effect of Free Market Domination and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia
Authors: Mahoro Jean Claude Geofrey , Samekto F.X. Adji
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses different issues relating to the enforcement of environmental law in Indonesia in the long way of the Indonesian government to sustainable development. To reach reliable conclusion, socio-legal approach was employed in this paper. Throughout the work the researcher analyses environmental philosophies including anthropocentrism, biocentrism and ecocentrism. This phenomenon does not only pose responsibility to the government but also to private individuals or companies in their operations in order not to leave burdens to the shoulders of future generations. This ideology was not well ensured in the free-market economy and regional autonomy as the proliferated regulations were not directed to meet the efficient and equitable environmental principles. Hindrances to the effective implementation of environmental law, inter alia, the non-envisaged licensing system in administrative enforcement; ineffective civil damages towards the environmental losses; and non-reaching environmental criminal liability. Besides that, the persistent corruption is another impediment to the effective implementation of environmental law in Indonesia.
Automated terrain classification for vehicle mobility in off-road conditions
Authors: Hodgdon Taylor , Fuentes Anthony , Olivier Jason , Quinn Brian , Shoop Sally
Published: April 2021

The U.S. Army is increasingly interested in autonomous vehicle operations, including off-road autonomous ground maneuver. Unlike on-road, off-road terrain can vary drastically, especially with the effects of seasonality. As such, vehicles operating in off-road environments need to be in-formed about the changing terrain prior to departure or en route for successful maneuver to the mission end point. The purpose of this report is to assess machine learning algorithms used on various remotely sensed datasets to see which combinations are useful for identifying different terrain. The study collected data from several types of winter conditions by using both active and passive, satellite and vehicle-based sensor platforms and both supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. To classify specific terrain types, supervised algorithms must be used in tandem with large training datasets, which are time consuming to create. However, unsupervised segmentation algorithms can be used to help label the training data. More work is required gathering training data to include a wider variety of terrain types. While classification is a good first step, more detailed information about the terrain properties will be needed for off-road autonomy.
The novel effectiveness of Tai Chi on cardiopulmonary fitness among stroke patients in the recovery phase: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tan Tianyang , Li Xinyu , Bai Ruina , Wang Chengchao , Lv Jiaxuan , Yan Kang , Liu Meng , Zhang Chaoyang , Meng Yanyan , Wei Yulong
Published: April 2021

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of death worldwide. China faces a similar risk of stroke as developed countries because of considerable changes in lifestyle, such as overeating and smoking. Tai Chi is a traditional form of mind-body exercise that has been widely practiced in China for thousands of years. However, there are few studies on the effect of Tai Chi on the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients in the recovery phase. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the effect of Tai Chi on the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients after stroke.Methods: This is a parallel-design, two-arm, analyst assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 226 stroke patients in the recovery phase will be recruited and assigned randomly to a control group or Tai Chi group at a 1:1 ratio. The patients in the Tai Chi group will perform the Tai Chi exercise. The patients in the control group will perform walking exercises. Patients in both groups will receive conventional treatments and healthy education. The primary outcomes will be VO2peak and scores on the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) scale. Secondary outcomes will include vital capacity (VC), ejection fractions (EF), and cardiac output (CO). The assessments of the tests will be performed at three time points (before exercise, at the end of exercise, and 6 weeks after exercise). Adverse events will be recorded faithfully during the study.Discussion: If the results are positive, this study will contribute to the establishment of further guided Tai Chi rehabilitation programs.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000034719, Registered on 16 July 2020
Correlation Between Posterior Tibialis Tendon Dysfunction with Ultrasonography and Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity with Radiographic X-ray and Feiss line in East Java’s Indonesian Professional Athletes
Authors: Setiawati Rosy , Hasbi Alfian , Rahardjo Paulus , Tinduh Damayanti , Pawana Alit , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Background : Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is marked with a partial or complete flattening of the longitudinal medial arch that developed after maturity. AAFD, secondary to posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD), is one of the most frequent foot and ankle pathologies in professional athletes. Different modality and procedures can be used to establish the diagnosis of AAFD and PTTD However, the correlation of these various clinical and imaging measurements with specific injuries of the PTT and supporting medial longitudinal arch structures has not been fully reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between PTTD using ultrasonography and AAFD that diagnosed using both radiographic x-ray and feiss line examination.Method : 112 professional athletes with flat foot deformity on physical examination, symptom of PTT dysfunction such as medial ankle or foot pain, focal pain along the course of the PTT underwent foot radiographic x-ray using calcaneal inclination angle, ankle ultrasound to see PTT abnormality and feiss line examination using three degree of flat foot classification.Result : There were strong association between calcaneal inclination angle and PTTD includes the presence of PT tendon sheath fluid as well as tendon sheath thickening with p<0.05 with correlation coefficient (r) = 0.921 and 0.892 respectively. Weak association were also found between feiss line result and PT tendon sheath fluid as well as tendon sheath thickening with correlation coefficient (r) = 0.288 and 0.244. There were non significant association between calcaneal inclination and partial PT tendon tear as well as calcaneal inclination and feiss line result.Conclusion : A compressive understanding of posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction and flatfoot diagnosis will lead to more effective management in reducing the symptom.
Developmental trajectories of number line estimations in math anxiety: evidence from bounded and unbounded number line estimation
Authors: Ashkenazi¹ Sarit , Cohen¹ Nitzan
Published: April 2021

In the number line estimation task, participants are instructed to place a number, spatially, on a number line. In the present study, 2nd, 3rd and 5th grade children (n = 94) participated in bounded and unbounded number line estimation tasks, half with low math anxiety (LMA) and half with high MA (HMA). The spatial theory views MA as resulting from weakness in spatial abilities, subsequent to deficits in basic numerical abilities. Accordingly, due to number space associations, weakness in estimations are expected in HMA individuals. Accordingly, young children with HMA show non-mature numerical estimations compared to participants with LMA. Specifically, HMA participants showed higher logarithmic tendency than LMA peers, and showed indications for usage of 2 reference points rather than 3 reference points in number line estimations (bounded and unbounded). However, for older HMA children, estimations were normalized and group differences were eliminated. Finally, we found that estimations (linear fits and errors) in the bounded but not the unbounded tasks, predicted usage of advance memory-based strategies in simple addition operations. These results indicated that bounded and unbounded number line estimations are dissociable in 1) developmental trajectories, 2) in relation to MA and 3) in relation to math performances.
AAV-mediated gene therapy produces fertile offspring in the Lhcgr-deficient mouse model of Leydig cell failure
Authors: Xia Kai , Wang Fulin , Lai Xingqiang , Luo Peng , Chen Hong , Ma Yuanchen , Huang Weijun , Ou Wangsheng , Li Yuyan , Feng Xin , Lei Zhenmin , Tu Xiang'an , Ke Qiong , Mao Frank , Deng Chunhua , Xiang Andy Peng
Published: April 2021

Leydig cell failure (LCF) caused by gene mutation results in testosterone deficiency and infertility. Serum testosterone levels can be recovered via testosterone replacement; however, established therapies have shown limited success in restoring fertility. Here, we used a luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotrophin receptor (Lhcgr)-deficient mouse model of genetic LCF to investigate the feasibility of gene therapy for restoring testosterone production and fertility. We screened several adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes and identified AAV8 as an efficient vector to drive exogenous Lhcgr expression in progenitor Leydig cells through interstitial injection. We observed considerable testosterone recovery and Leydig cell maturation after AAV8-Lhcgr treatment in pubertal Lhcgr−/− mice. This gene therapy substantially recovered sexual development, partially restored spermatogenesis and effectively produced fertile offspring. Furthermore, these favorable effects could be reproduced in adult Lhcgr−/− mice. Our proof-of-concept experiments in this mouse model demonstrate that AAV-mediated gene therapy may represent a promising therapeutic approach for patients with genetic LCF.
An on-line path planning of assembly robots based on FOVS
Authors: Liu Mingzhou , Xu Xin , Wang Xiaoqiao , Ge Maogen , Ling Lin , Liu Conghu
Published: April 2021

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of path planning for the mechanical assembly process of products, an on-line path planning method for mechanical assembly process robots based on visual field space is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to predict and describe the assembly process, the concept of field-of-view space (FOVS) is proposed. Secondly, image processing is carried out by knowledge base to judge the assembly type and current assembly state, and the initial assembly path is given. Then, the assembly process is integrated and solved, and the location estimation of obstacles are given according to the FOVS. Finally, the ant colony algorithm is improved to get the final assembly optimization path. Comparing the algorithm with the ACS algorithm in the aspect of path planning. The length of path planning is reduced by 2%, and the algorithm time is reduced by 0.5s, the accuracy and efficiency have been effectively improved. the result shows that the algorithm is effective.
Smoc1 and Smoc2 regulate bone formation as novel downstream molecules of Runx2
Authors: Takahata Yoshifumi , Hagino Hiromasa , Kimura Ayaka , Urushizaki Mitsuki , Kobayashi Sachi , Wakamori Kanta , Fujiwara Chika , Nakamura Eriko , Yu Kayon , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Bando Kana , Murakami Tomohiko , Komori Toshihisa , Hata Kenji , Nishimura Riko
Published: April 2021

Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for bone formation. Although osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein are well-known Runx2-regulated bone-specific genes, the skeletal phenotypes of knockout (KO) mice for these genes are marginal compared with those of Runx2 KO mice. These inconsistencies suggest that unknown Runx2-regulated genes play important roles in bone formation. To address this, we attempted to identify the Runx2 targets by performing RNA-sequencing and found Smoc1 and Smoc2 upregulation by Runx2. Smoc1 or Smoc2 knockdown inhibited osteoblastogenesis. Smoc1 KO mice displayed no fibula formation, while Smoc2 KO mice had mild craniofacial phenotypes. Surprisingly, Smoc1 and Smoc2 double KO (DKO) mice manifested no skull, shortened tibiae, and no fibulae. Endochondral bone formation was also impaired at the late stage in the DKO mice. Collectively, these results suggest that Smoc1 and Smoc2 function as novel targets for Runx2, and play important roles in intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.