bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steroid Replacement in Critical Care
Authors: Annane Djillali , Heming Nicholas
Published: January 2021

Corticosteroids, mainly produced by the adrenal glands, regulate the response to acute and chronic stress. Acute inflammation associated with critical illness may counteract the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, resulting in a condition called critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency. This condition may benefit from corticosteroid replacement. As it translates into a broad variety of clinical and biological syndromes, although there is still no gold standard, critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency may be best recognized by a blunted cortisol response to 250 µg of corticotropin given as an intravenous bolus. Corticosteroid replacement should rely on prolonged treatment with low to moderate doses. In practice, the type and duration of corticosteroid dose may vary with the cause of critical illness (e.g., sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, trauma). Finally, optimal corticosteroid replacement should also include minimization of the risk of serious adverse events mainly by careful prevention of superinfection and avoidance of drugs that may potentiate corticosteroids’ deleterious effects on body metabolism or the nervous system.
Key words: Adrenals – hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis – sepsis – inflammation – cytokines – hydrocortisone
Approach to Male Urologic Emergencies
Authors: Davis Jonathan E. , Dubin Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2021

This review details the evaluation and management of the acute scrotum in the emergency department setting and emergent penile complaints in adults, with an emphasis on the most serious and most common conditions. Other emergent conditions include necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum (Fournier disease), incarcerated or strangulated inguinal hernia, and genitourinary (GU) trauma. Emergency practitioners need to be most concerned with the entities that, if left untreated, can result in ischemia and necrosis of the penis. Basic anatomy and bedside evaluation are reviewed. Acute scrotal and penile pain and GU trauma are discussed in terms of assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment and disposition. 
This review contains 5 figures, 19 tables, and 71 references.
Keywords: Acute scrotal pain, testicular torsion, priapism, Peyronie disease, paraphimosis, phimosis, balanitis, posthitis, epididymitis
Musculoskeletal Problems in the Female Athlete
Authors: Asif Irfan M , Edwards Emily , Harmon Kimberly
Published: January 2021

Musculoskeletal injuries in the female athlete are, for the most part, similar to those in the male athlete. However, there are differences in the incidence of these injuries and in the sports in which they tend to occur. Female athletes have a higher rate of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries than male athletes. Other musculoskeletal problems are also more common in females, such as multidirectional instability of the shoulder, adhesive capsulitis, and patellofemoral pain. This review addresses injuries that are seen commonly in female athletes and outlines current diagnosis and treatment options.
This review contains 3 figures and 32 references
Key words: ACL tear, adhesive capsulitis, atraumatic, female athlete, injection, knee, patellofemoral pain, shoulder
Tumors of the Stomach and Small Bowel
Authors: Wayne Jeffrey D. , Knab L. Mark , Bentrem David J.
Published: January 2021

The overall incidence of gastric carcinoma has decreased in the past few decades, but it remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Malignant tumors of the small intestine are rare, and account for fewer than 5% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies. This review details the classification, risk factors, clinical evaluation, investigative studies, staging, management, and follow-up and management of recurrent disease in gastric adenocarcinoma; in addition, it examines nonadenocarcinomatous gastric malignancies and small bowel malignancies. 
This review contains 7 figures, 21 tables, and 97 references.
Keywords:Gastric adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, gastric lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori, small bowel adenocarcinoma, surgical resection, staging, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Hemostasis and its Regulation
Authors: Leung Lawrence L K
Published: January 2021

Hemostasis, the process of blood clot formation, is a coordinated series of responses to vessel injury. It requires complex interactions between platelets, the clotting cascade, blood flow and shear, endothelial cells, and fibrinolysis. This review covers platelet plug formation, clotting cascade, initiation and propagation of blood clot formation, control mechanisms, overview of blood coagulation, blood coagulation as part of the host defense system, heterogeneity of endothelial cells and vascular bed–specific hemostasis, platelet production and thrombopoietin, and coagulation tests and their use. Figures show activated platelets, platelet aggregation, the classic and revised view of the clotting cascade, the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin, the protein C/protein S pathway, the synergism between nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2), tissue-type plasminogen activator, the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin, activated protein C (APC) and carboxypeptidase B-2 (CPB-2) at the site of vascular injury, and an algorithm detailing the exposure of tissue factor at a vascular wound that initiates the clotting cascade. The table lists natural antithrombotic mechanisms of endothelial cells.
This review contains 10 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 45 references.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Appelbaum Fred
Published: January 2021

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can replace abnormal nonmalignant hematopoietic stem cells with cells from a healthy donor, making transplantation a potential cure for a variety of nonmalignant and malignant diseases. This review discusses the indications for HCT, source of stem cells, preparative regimen, engraftment, complications, late effects and long-term survivorship, and treatment of post-transplantation relapse. Figures show the estimated total numbers of allogeneic and autologous HCTs performed in the United States, the major histocompatibility loci on chromosome 6, an approximation of the relative intensities of various preparative regimens, the typical patterns of myeloid recovery after HCT, the description  and timing of major syndromes complicating allogeneic HCT, and erythema and desquamation associated with cutaneous acute graft versus host  disease (GVHD). Tables list estimated 3-year survival rates following HCT, probability of finding a donor for HCT, clinical staging and grading of acute GVHD, National Institutes of Health global severity score of chronic GVHD, typical approach to infection prophylaxis in allogeneic transplant recipients, and summary of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HCT vaccine guidelines.
Key words: Hematopoietic cell transplantation; HCT; Allogeneic HCT; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HSCT; Diseases of the lymphohematopoietic system; Autologous HCT; Hematopoietic stem cells
Anaerobic Infections
Authors: Brook Itzhak , Goldstein Ellie JC
Published: January 2021

Anaerobes are the most predominant components of the bacterial flora of normal human skin and mucous membranes and are a frequent cause of endogenous bacterial infections. Anaerobic infections can occur in all body locations: the central nervous system, oral cavity, head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, skin, and soft tissues. Treatment of anaerobic infection is complicated by the slow growth of anaerobes in culture, by their polymicrobial nature, and by their growing resistance to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy is frequently the only form of therapy needed, whereas in some patients it is an important adjunct to drainage and surgery. Because anaerobes are generally isolated mixed with aerobes, the antimicrobial chosen should provide for adequate coverage of both. The most effective antimicrobials against anaerobes are metronidazole, the carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem), chloramphenicol, the combination of a penicillin and a β-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin or ticarcillin plus clavulanate, amoxicillin plus sulbactam, piperacillin plus tazobactam), tigecycline, cefoxitin, and clindamycin.
This review contains 4 figures, 9 tables, and 150 references.
Key words: anaerobic bacteria, antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium spp, Fusobacterium spp, infection, Peptostreptococcus spp
Principles of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Rubin Eric H. , Hait William N
Published: January 2021

This review is divided into three primary sections dealing with management of cancer patients, the specific basis of cancer treatment, and specific chemotherapeutic agents. The first section outlines the diagnosis, staging, performance status, and treatment of cancer. The discussion of the specific basis of cancer treatment describes cancer biology (including its transformation and proliferation, cell viability and cell death, and invasion and metastases) and the principles of cancer pharmacology. The discussion on pharmacology details dose response and schedule, drug resistance, combination chemotherapy, common toxicities, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics. Among the specific chemotherapeutic agents discussed are drugs that alter nucleic acid synthesis or function (including DNA alkylating and cross-linking agents, inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis, and DNA topoisomerase inhibitors); antimicrotubule drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and estramustine); drugs that affect growth factors, receptors, and signal transduction pathways; drugs that inhibit metastases or angiogenesis; gene-based therapies; and immunotherapies. Tables describe the World Health Organization Performance Scale and chemotherapeutic agents, and figures illustrate targets for new cancer therapeutics and mechanisms of chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 90 references.
Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Clair E. William St. , Wells Melissa A.
Published: January 2021

This review focuses on the primary category of Sjögren syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory condition that is defined by the presence of dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) or dry mouth (xerostomia) in the absence of other rheumatologic diseases. SS may also have extraglandular manifestations in the form of pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases that can cause significant morbidity and increased mortality and is distinct from other connective tissue diseases.
Although the etiology of primary SS is unknown, genome-wide association studies are continuing to reveal that susceptibility to the disease is based on genetic predisposition; patients with primary SS have been identified with several non–major histocompatibility complex genetic polymorphisms that are statistically associated with increased disease susceptibility. In a recent study, blood CD4+ T cells from patients with primary SS were shown to differ in their patterns of DNA methylation compared with healthy controls and demonstrated that many genes involved in lymphocyte activation and the immune response were poised for transcription.
Treatment of primary SS mainly involves relief of symptoms and prevention of long-term disease complications. Although biologic therapies have been studied, the results so far have been either negative or inconclusive.
This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references.
Constipation: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Hoyte Lennox , Bassaly Renee
Published: January 2021

Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in the general population. It is associated with a diminished quality of life and increased psychological stress. Although the prevalence varies widely, the rate for chronic constipation is 15 to 20% based on epidemiologic surveys in North America. There are many causes of constipation, and its definition is imprecise and variable. Diagnosis and appropriate management are therefore difficult but extremely important. This chapter primarily focuses on the diagnosis and management of constipation as it relates to adult females. Although it is not known why more women than men experience constipation, it is possible that hormone levels, which influence the digestive system, likely contribute. Pregnancy-related constipation is also common because of both hormonal changes and pelvic floor dysfunction after pregnancy. Women also tend to experience constipation prior to menstruation. In these cases, it is most likely that fluids that would normally soften stools in the colon are retained in other parts of the body. The female anatomy may also be a factor as functional outlet obstruction can occur after changes to the pelvic floor anatomy (such as after pregnancy). Figures illustrate the Bristol Stool Chart, rectal prolapse, protrusion of the posterior vaginal wall consistent with rectocele, enterocele with vaginal prolapsed, and enterocele with bladder prolapse. Videos show rectal prolapsed, rectocele, cystocele, descended perineum, and repaired perineum. Tables list causes of functional constipation, drugs associated with constipation, diagnostic criteria for functional constipation, and Rome criteria of irritable bowel syndrome.
This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 99 references.
Disorders of Acid-Base and Potassium Balance
Authors: Linas Stuart L
Published: January 2021

Water accounts for approximately half of an adult human's body weight. Two thirds of body water is intracellular, and the remaining one third is contained in the extracellular fluid compartment, which includes intravascular (plasma) and interstitial fluid. Small amounts of water are also contained in bone, dense connective tissue, digestive secretions, and cerebrospinal fluid. To maintain stability of the internal milieu, body fluids are processed by the kidney, guided by intricate physiologic control systems that regulate fluid volume and composition. This chapter reviews the principles of body fluid hemostasis and discusses disorders of water excess (hyponatremia), water deficiency (hypernatremia), water conservation (diabetes insipidus), saltwater excess (edematous states), and saltwater deficiency (volume depletion). Figures illustrate the relation between the plasma hydrogen ion concentration and the blood pH, proximal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption, renal secretion of hydrogen ions, renal glutamine metabolism and ammonia diffusion, metabolic alkalosis, and the electrocardiographic changes in and approach to causes of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Tables describe causes of metabolic acidosis with a high and a normal ion gap; causes of type 1 renal tubular acidosis; causes of type 4 renal tubular acidosis and aldosterone resistance; causes of metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis; evaluation of the renal defect in hyperkalemia; and treatment of hyperkalemia.
This chapter contains 10 figures, 12 tables, and 53 references.
Injuries to the Neck
Authors: Wisner David H. , Galante Joseph M.
Published: January 2021

Approximately 5% of all cases of trauma involve injury to the neck. This relatively low incidence together with improvements in diagnostic modalities has led to continuing evolution in the management of neck trauma. Injuries to the neck can be the result of blunt and penetrating trauma. Both mechanisms can cause devastating injuries, with high associated morbidity and mortality. This review examines the airway, penetrating neck trauma, and blunt trauma. Figures show an algorithm outlining operative management of known or suspected injuries to the carotid arteries, jugular veins, pharynx, and esophagus, a tracheotomy hook used to retract the thyroid cartilage cephalad to facilitate placing the airway, the traditional division of the neck into three separate zones, exposure of structures in the anterior areas of the neck through an incision oriented along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, dissection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle carried down to the level of the carotid sheath, a balloon embolectomy catheter used to occlude the distal internal carotid artery at the skull base, a number of important structures encountered during distal dissection of the internal and external carotid arteries, options for repair of the arteries in the neck, exposure of the vertebral artery and the vertebral veins surrounded by the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, exposure of the distal vertebral artery via an incision along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, control of bleeding from vertebral artery injuries located within the transverse process of the cervical, approaching proximal vertebral artery via a supraclavicular incision, and an algorithm outlining management of known injuries to the vertebral artery, which are most often discovered by angiography. The table lists screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury.

This review contains 14 figures, 4 tables, and 45 references
Keywords: Neck injury, aneurysm, carotid dissection, blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, tracheotomy, endovascular repair
Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
Authors: Mackay Devin , Miyawaki Edison
Published: January 2021

The hyperkinetic movement disorders include heterogeneous diseases and syndromes, all characterized by one or a variety of excessive, involuntary movements. The hyperkinetic movement disorders are heterogeneous in clinical presentation, but a rational and practical approach to diagnosis exists based on new genetic correlations and targeted laboratory investigations. Treatments informed by a still-developing picture of motor pathophysiology offer significant benefit for these disorders. This chapter discusses choreiform disorders, including patterns in choreiform diagnosis; tremor disorders; paroxysmal disorders, including tics and myoclonus; dystonias, including monogenic primary dystonias; and pathophysiology and treatment in the hyperkinetic movement disorders. Figures include clinical photos, computed tomography scans, and an algorithm representing cortical-subcortical circuitry. Tables delineate definitions, distinguishing clinical features, medications, genetics, protein products, and treatments associated with various disorders.
This chapter contains 6 figures, 12 tables, 145 references, and 5 Board-styled MCQs.
Sexual Assault
Authors: Verma Nisha , Royce Celeste S
Published: January 2021

Sexual assault affects as many as one-third of women around the world. Sexual assault includes individual traumatic events as well as chronic sexually abusive relationships, and can involve a partner, acquaintance, or stranger. Many women who have experienced sexual assault develop long-term mental and physical effects of their sexual trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol abuse, and dyspareunia. OBGYNs are able to have long-lasting impacts on the many survivors of sexual assault by screening effectively and providing compassionate, trauma-informed care.

This review contains 10 figures and 33 references.
Keywords: human trafficking, intimate partner violence, primary care, rape, sexual assault, sexual violence, trauma-informed care, women
Intervención organizacional por competencias profesionales en una empresa de proveeduría de calzado dentro del estado de Guanajuato
Authors: Fragoso Mora Adriana , Martínez Sánchez Laura Marisela , Elías Chávez Alba Edith
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el impacto de las competencias blandas de personas que ocupan puestos gerenciales en una empresa de calzado guanajuatense con el fin de respaldar el modelo de gestión tecnológica. Para ello se empleó una metodología de caso, la cual fue desarrollada siguiendo cuatro fases: fundamentos y diseño de instrumentos, selección de puestos tipo y aplicación de instrumentos, validación por expertos, y evaluación al desempeño piloto. Algunos beneficios detectados fueron los siguientes: diagnosticar situacionalmente a la organización, identificar las necesidades de capacitación y evaluar mejor el desempeño traducido en el comportamiento de los gerentes, implementar un sistema de evaluación capaz de neutralizar la subjetividad, y proponer medidas orientadas a mejorar el comportamiento y la comunicación. La empresa objeto de estudio, en síntesis, logró determinar cuáles colaboradores requieren de un proceso de mejora continua, así como seleccionar a los que tienen condiciones de promoción para estimular la productividad y mejorar las relaciones humanas en el trabajo.
La perspectiva de profesores de idiomas en formación sobre los rasgos de un buen profesional. Estudio de caso
Authors: Fierro López Laura Emilia , Román Gálvez Rey David , Martínez Lobatos Lilia
Published: January 2021

El siguiente es un estudio transeccional descriptivo diseñado con el objetivo de identificar los rasgos de un buen profesional desde la perspectiva de estudiantes en proceso formativo para la docencia de idiomas de una universidad pública en México. La muestra se conformó por 322 estudiantes de cuatro unidades académicas, lo que representa 50.95 % de la población. Los participantes, mediante una escala ipsativa de 16 rasgos, categorizaron los más importantes. Se identificó que los estudiantes valoran, primordialmente, el conocimiento, la formación, la preparación y la competencia profesional, así como la ética profesional. El rasgo que identificaron como menos importante fue la capacidad emocional. Se concluye el valor que los estudiantes atribuyen a las competencias cognitivas y técnicas, aunque no alcanzan a valorar rasgos relacionados con las competencias sociales y afectivo-emocionales. Los resultados permiten señalar la relevancia de fortalecer rasgos de las competencias sociales y afectivo-emocionales, además de otros de las competencias éticas, en el trayecto formativo de los estudiantes. Ello de una forma reflexiva para que los estudiantes puedan analizar y consolidar aspectos que les permitan una formación humanística y de responsabilidad social para impactar de forma favorable en su desempeño profesional.
Web Monitoring CO, CO2 dan Suhu secara Real Time
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Zainuri Ahmad , Pauzi Gurum Ahmad ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Junaidi Junaidi ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Warsito Warsito ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

This research is related to making a web to display data on CO, CO2 and temperature monitoring results in real time. The measuring instrument used consisted of an MQ-7 sensor to detect CO gas, a MQ-135 sensor to detect CO2 gas, a DHT-22 sensor to measure the temperature and a microcontroller as a control system. CO, CO2 and temperature measurements were carried out at the University of Lampung with 10 different points. Measurements were made for three days in the morning, afternoon and evening with the duration of measurement of each location 5 minutes. Measurement data is displayed on the PC server using an interface created through the Visual Basic 2010 program and saved to the Mysql database. Data from the database is sent to the web server. Based on the results of tests conducted, the web monitoring system is running well. The web can display CO, CO2 and temperature measurement data in the form of graphs and tables in real time. The web can be accessed by web browser at devices that are connected to the internet.
Rancang Bangun Prototipe Pengoptimal Charging Baterai pada Mobil Listrik dari Pembangkit Tenaga Surya dengan Menggunakan Sistem Boost Converter
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Pauzi Gurum Ahmad , Rahma Diana ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Suciyati Sri Wahyu ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Surtono Arif ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

In this research, the lithium-ion 48 Volt battery charging system's design was carried out on the prototype electric car using the boost converter tool. Boost converter consists of several circuit systems, namely oscillator circuit, trigger circuit, switching circuit, inductor, and DC output. IC TL 494 as pulse and frequency wave generator, used to regulate the switching process on the MOSFET circuit in the boost converter. This research was conducted by presenting variations in the inductor wire's diameter to determine the result of the current output used for the filling process by varying the diameter by 0.8 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm. The number of wire twists used remains 5:27 and produces an output voltage boost converter of 54 Volts. The results showed the inductor wire's diameter affected the output of the boost converter and the length of battery charging time on the electric car. The length of time of battery draining at the wire's diameter is 0.8 mm, which is for 680 minutes, at the wire 4 mm diameter for 290 minutes, and at the diameter of the wire, 8 mm is for 400 minutes. The boost converter has the advantage of being more efficient in terms of dimensions, resulting in 3 times the voltage and power increase compared to the input voltage. The maximum panel input power of 14.5 Watts when added boost converter maximum power increased by 47.84 Watts.
Simulasi Dinamika Molekul Berbasis Kode LAMMPS untuk Mengkaji Titik Leleh Bahan Besi (Fe), Timbal (Pb) dan Aluminium (Al)
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Hartina Piana
Published: January 2021

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan memperoleh model simulasi dinamika molekul bahan Al, Fe, Pb terkait struktur kristal dan karakteristik bahan saat mencapai titik leleh. Metode simulasi titik leleh ini menggunakan simulasi dinamika molekul kode LAMMPS dengan mengunakan potensial Finnis-Sinclair EAM dan menggunakan persamaan algoritma velocity-verlet. Analisis nilai titik leleh dilakukan berdasarkan grafik perubahan fase (padat-cair) antara nilai energi potensial dan suhu dari masing-masing bahan yang diperoleh dari output LAMMPS. Hasil output LAMMPS berisi data posisi atom-atom dalam format XYZ, dan juga diperoleh informasi berupa step integrasi, energi potensial, suhu, volume, dan tekanan. Hasil visualisasi terlihat bahwa struktur kristal aluminium mencapai titik leleh saat suhu 948,51°C, timbal mencapai titik leleh saat suhu 952,92°C, besi mencapai titik leleh saat suhu 1521,25°C. Visualisasi struktur kristal bahan saat mencapai titik leleh menggunakan software OVITO dan untuk menganalisis karakteristik stuktur kristal bahan dengan kurva fungsi distribusi radial mengunakan software ISAACS.
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Sintering Menggunakan Metode Pencampuran Basah
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Muntamijayati M , Suprihatin Suprihatin ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Yanti Yanti ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Sembiring Simon ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

The superconducting material BPSCCO-2212 with doping Pb = 0,2 has been synthesized by the wet mixing method. Calculation is caried out at 800 °C for 10 hours. While sintering is done at 825 °C, 830 °C, 835 °C and 840 °C for 20 hours. The synthesis result were characterized by XRD X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The XRD spectrum analysis results that have been processed using celref, show that in general the samples produced have formed the BPSCCO-2212 phase (indicated the presence of Bi-2212 peaks) and have been oriented (indicated the existence of peaks with h = k = 0, l even number). For the calculation result obtanced the highest volume fraction value at 830 °C sintering temperature with a value FV = 66,97 % and the highest degree of orientation at 825 °C with a value of P = 76,54 %. The results of the SEM photo recorder generally show that the crystals formed are oriented.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Air Tambak Udang (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Menggunakan Wireless Sensor Sistem (WSS) yang Terintegrasi dengan PLC CPM1A
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Pauzi Gurum Ahmad , Suryadi Okta Ferli ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Susanto Gregorius Nugroho ,   Departement of Biologi, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Junaidi Junaidi ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

The research about pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature monitoring system using Arduino Uno integrated with PLC CPM1A for water quality control of shrimp farm litopenaeus vannamei had done. The system used pH meter kit Dfrobot sensor, salinity sensor, DS18B20 waterproof sensor, and analog dissolved oxygen sensor which was controlled by Arduino UNO. In order to calibrate the sensor, pH meter kit Dfrobot sensor was calibrated by using a buffer solution, salinity sensor was calibrated by refractometer, DS18B20 waterproof sensor was calibrated by HTC-02 thermometer, and an analog dissolved oxygen sensor was calibrated by DO meter YSI 55. The results showed that the sensors can detect pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature with accuracy 94.06%, 78.15%, 90.53% and 99.42% respectively. It is transmitted wireless by using the nRF24l01+ module. The furthest distance in the line of sigh test was 405 meters and in non-line of sigh was 163 meters. The measurement had done 3 times per day (morning, afternoon, evening) in 3 days. The relay also can be integrated with PLC CPM1A to control the wheel and water pump.
Anatomy education in traditional and complementary medicine: who should teach anatomy?
Authors: BOZER Cüneyt
Published: January 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to emphasize the amount of anatomy courses in the regulation titled, “Traditional and Complementary Medical Implementations” and to make anatomists think of the question who should teach anatomy in traditional and complementary medicine? Methods: The anatomy courses in the standards of education for traditional and complementary therapies organized by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health were investigated. The number of anatomy courses for teaching complementary medicine without standards of education were taken from the draft regulation for traditional and complementary therapies. Results: Clinical anatomy is the practical application of anatomical knowledge to diagnosis and treatment. Up to date, there is no regulation defining who is authorized to give anatomy lectures in the workshops or courses permitted by the Ministry of Health of Turkey. It was seen that, theoretically, any health practitioner in workshops could give anatomy lectures. Conclusion: Anatomists are experts of the structure and relationship of all parts of the body. A great number of anatomists are practicing traditional and complementary medicine in Turkey. The anatomists who are qualified in both anatomy and complementary medicine may be the ideal lecturers in the education of these methods.
Commercial Benefits of International Cooperation of Cyber Lawyers
Authors: Viktor Fersht , QinYuxuan Tatyana
Published: January 2021

International cyber mediation is currently the most demanded service in the legal services market. The growth of cyber-attacks on the Internet, a large number of scams with cryptocurrency, falsification of products, goods and services sold on the Internet, as well as theft of money from credit cards and from online accounts of Internet users - all this requires the help of cyber lawyers.

Since the Asia-Pacific region is the most developed and most populous Internet space in the world, the market for Internet mediator services should be the most profitable.
Cuerpo y prácticas corporales. Tiempo libre y ocio en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Rodriguez Norma Beatriz , Viñes Nicolas
Published: January 2021

El tiempo libre, el ocio, la actividad física y las prácticas corporales constituyen un conjunto conceptual cuyo núcleo problematizador se puede analizar desde, al menos, dos perspectivas: i) la crítica a las teorías clásicas y la propuesta teórico-conceptual en la que se sitúa el tema del presente trabajo; 2. el análisis de conceptos y problemas “casi menores” en el marco de una pandemia que, como tal, abarca la globalización y opera a favor del gobierno global de la población. Es aquí el cuerpo el eje preferencial y manifiesto en donde se ejerce el poder y al mismo tiempo, el peligro se exterioriza. Se trata de una línea de estudios de carácter hermenéutico que permite el rastreo y revisión de conceptos clásicos que son interpelados en este nuevo acontecimiento histórico. La hipótesis de trabajo es que el problema del cuerpo y de las prácticas corporales se sitúa en el eje organizador de la vida aislada y es, a su vez, el lugar en donde operan los mecanismos de distinción.
An Investigation into Outbreak of Malaria in Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors:   Regional Office of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Kendriya Bhawan, 9th Floor, Aliganj, Lucknow, (U.P.), India, Kamal S
Published: January 2021

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of India and is comprised of 75 revenue districts. It has vast area of 243,286 km² and 230 million population (199.81 million as per 2011 census) with population density of 828 persons per km². The topographical & environmental conditions including availability of rich irrigation facilities provide congenial conditions for development of different vectors transmitting various diseases. All the six Vector Borne Diseases (VBD) namely malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Kala-azar & Lymphatic filariasis are prevalent in Uttar Pradesh and are now modifiable in the state since 2016. Among these, malaria, JE, dengue etc. are epidemic prone and claim lives during outbreak, if remained unattended in light of the NVBDCP operational guidelines. During July/ August, 2018, district Bareilly experienced outbreak of malaria, which claimed several lives according to various reports appeared in the media. A team of Officers from Regional Office for Health & Family Welfare (ROH & FW), Lucknow visited Bareilly district of UP during September, 2018 to assess the various factors responsible for the present outbreak and to guide & support the district health authorities for proper implementation of the various intervention measures to contain the outbreak. The detailed investigations revealed that the reasons for outbreak may be assigned to the excessive rainfall in the district, poor surveillance due to inadequate number of peripheral health workers, lack of laboratory facilities and improper monitoring & lack of timely actions. The screening of people for malaria with bivalent antigen based RDT kits reflected high malaria positivity both Plasmodium vivax (P.v.) & Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) incidence but no fever related death was confirmed due to malaria.
EBSD Characterization of Bobbin Friction Stir Welding of AA6082-T6 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Tamadon A. , Pons D. J. , Clucas D.
Published: January 2021

Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) was used to determine microstructural evolution in AA6082-T6 welds processed by the Bobbin Friction Stir Welding (BFSW). This revealed details of grain-boundaries in different regions of the weld microstructure. Different polycrystalline transformations were observed through the weld texture. The Stirring Zone (SZ) underwent severe grain fragmentation and a uniform Dynamic Recrystallisation (DRX). The transition region experienced stored strain which changed the grain size and morphology via sub-grain-boundary transformations. Other observations were of micro-cracks, the presence of oxidization, and the presence of strain hardening associated with precipitates. Flow-arms in welds are caused by DRX processes including shear, and low and high angle grain boundaries. Welding variables affect internal flow which affects microstructural integrity. The shear deformation induced by the pin causes a non-uniform thermal and strain gradient across the weld region, leading to formation of mixed state transformation of grain morphologies through the polycrystalline structure. The grain boundary mapping represents the differences in DRX mechanism I different regions of the weld, elucidates by the consequences of the thermomechanical nature of the weld. The EBSD micrographs indicated that the localised stored strain at the boundary regions of the weld (e.g. flow-arms) has a more distinct effect in emergence of thermomechanical nonuniformities within the DRX microstructure.
Impact of Ozonation Process on the Content of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Properties in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Shoots as Well as Yield and Composition of Essential Oils
Authors: Matłok Natalia , Gorzelany Józef , Piechowiak Tomasz , Antos Piotr , Zardzewiały Miłosz , Balawejder Maciej
Published: January 2021

This study examined the impact of the ozonation procedure on the content of bioactive compounds in young shoots of Pinus sylvestris L. as well as on the yield and the composition of the essential oils and volatile fraction. The ozonation process consisted of exposure of the raw material during 5, 15 and 30 min to the ozone gas with the concentration of 10 and 100 ppm, and then it was stored for 24 hours. In the ozonated pine shoots, the content of vitamin C overall content of polyphenol content and antioxidant potential were determined. It was found that the investigated parameters increased as a result of the utilized procedure. The observed increase in the content of tested bioactive compounds was dependent on exposition time and was found to be highest for ozonated material for 15 min with ozone gas at a concentration of 10 ppm. As a result of the ozonation procedure the content of polyphenolic compounds and vitamin C content increased. Whereas it, did not have a significant effect on composition of the obtained essential oils. It was found that ozone is an effective elicitor, which allows increasing the content of bioactive compounds in pine shoots.
Hölder continuity of singular parabolic equations with variable nonlinearity
Authors: Bahja Hamid El
Published: January 2021

In this paper we obtain the local Hölder regularity of the weak solutions for singular parabolic equations with variable exponents. The proof is based on DiBenedetto’s technique called intrinsic scaling; by choosing an appropriate geometry one can deduce energy and logarithmic estimates from which one can implement an iterative method to obtain the regularity result.
Code generation approaches for parallel geometric multigrid solvers
Authors: Köstler Harald , Heisig Marco , Kohl Nils , Kuckuk Sebastian , Bauer Martin , Rüde Ulrich
Published: January 2021

Software development for applications in computational science and engineering has become complex in recent years. This is mainly due to the increasing parallelism and heterogeneity in modern computer architectures and to the more realistic physical and mathematical models that have to be processed. One idea to address this issue is to use code generation techniques. In contrast to manual implementations in a general-purpose computing language, they allow to integrate automatic code transforms to produce efficient code for different models and platforms. As an example the numerical solution of an elliptic partial differential equation via generated geometric multigrid solvers is considered. We present three code generation approaches for it and discuss their advantages and disadvantages with respect to performance, portability, and productivity.
Approximation of functions with linear positive operators which fix {1, φ} and {1, φ
2}
Authors: Usta Fuat
Published: January 2021

In this manuscript, linear and positive operators described on bounded and unbounded intervals that fix the function sets {1, φ} and {1, φ
2} such that φ ∈ C[0, 1] are presented. Then we present different types of operators by choosing different functions and values. Finally, Voronovskaya type theorems are given for this newly defined sequences of linear and positive operators.
From Dusk till “DAU”: the Rise of Heterotopic Cinema in the Times of Pandemic
Authors: Zaezjev Alexandre
Published: January 2021

The release of Ilya Khrzhanovsky’s megalomaniacal cinematic project DAU coincided with the global Covid-19 pandemic. With festivals postponed and public screenings no longer possible, Khrzhanovsky moved his project online, integrating the unprecedented experience of the global lockdown and quarantine into the cinematic universe of DAU. Using the concept of heterotopia devised by French philosopher Michel Foucault, this paper examines the ways in which self-isolation altered the conditions of spatio-temporal engagement with DAU. Ultimately, the paper presents an original theoretical model of heterotopic cinema to demonstrate that confinement is precisely what allows Khrzhanovskiy’s artistic method to fully function.
The Resilience of Small Television Markets to COVID-19: the Case of Lockdown
Authors: Raats Tim
Published: January 2021

This article presents a case study of Lockdown, an anthology series developed by two production companies under strict COVID restrictions in Flanders, centred on a prison visiting space. Every episode is written and directed by different screenwriters and directors. The case study clearly shows how a combination of creativity of Flemish independent producers, a felt need to counter the damaging effects of COVID on Flemish audio-visual industries, and the need to produce under strict hygienic and social distancing rules, resulted in a unique creative concept, that, ironically, might not have been achievable under normal circumstances. The analysis shows that the smallness of the Flemish market, which over the past decades resulted in an industry dynamism characterized by improvisation, voluntarism, high dependency on collaboration and short term financial planning, is precisely what might have provided the ideal backdrop for the production of this unique series.
Virtual Center for the Paradigmatic Studies
Authors: Krupa Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

The Virtual Center for Paradigmatic Studies is a serious profession and, at the same time, a beneficial offer addressed to people who treat the process of their education and professional development both at home and in the academic environment as a unique life opportunity. This article presents material constituting the program and the basis for conducting theoretical and practical work at the Virtual Center for Paradigmatic Studies. The published material covers such issues as: the description of the Gorbatov's characterization principle, the theoretical correctness of the model of functioning, an example of the Semantic Model of 5 Projects, effective search for forbidden graph figures, the essence of functions that integrate semantic graphs, multi-object semantic sequences of events, the structure and purpose of Hasse diagrams.
FitPi: Wearable IoT solution for a daily smart life
Authors: Pruna Sabin , Vasilescu Anca
Published: January 2021

The extensive implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) solutions and its wide popularity to the public over the past decade enabled emergent applications that provide sophisticated, proactive health care solutions that can improve the quality of life of individuals. This work proposes an IoT architecture and implements a prototype solution that allows its users to improve their physical activity by collecting vital signs using wearables and other environmental and habitual information in order to monitor their activity and propose behaviors in a smart way that will allow them to achieve their preset goals. The focus is on the increased usability of the system employing refined solutions like voice recognition and smart visualization to enable its seamless use while offering an interoperable architecture that will enhance its flexibility. The prototype implementation offers a proof of concept evaluation of the proposed system, applying state of the art technologies and using existing hardware and popular gadgets.

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Index of the Cycle of Money - The Case of Latvia
Authors: Challoumis Constantinos
Published: January 2021

Research purpose. This paper has established the index of the cycle of money. The index shows the level of the appropriately structured economy. According to the theory of the cycle of money, it is examined if an amount of money is recycled in the economy a lot of times or this amount of money is lost from an economy to other economies or banks abroad, because of inadequate structure of the economy of the country, then the purpose of the paper is to show an application of the case cycle of money, here in the case of Latvia. Therefore, this work aims to clarify how the theory of the cycle of money works to a real case scenario, and in general, how the cycle of money applies to an economy. Moreover, the index of the cycle of money shows how an economy could counteract to an economic crisis and how well-structured it is.

Design/Methodology/Approach. The methodology followed in this work is based on the mathematical application of the theory of the cycle of money. Then, the current results have as root the equations of this theory for the examination of the case of Latvia for the period from 2012 to 2017. Beyond the mathematical applications, the R.B.Q. model with the Q.E. method is applied to ensure the credibility of the results. Therefore, we have a real case scenario and a simulation case for the case of Latvia.

Findings. The results of the index of the cycle of money to the case of Latvia are compared with the global average index of the cycle of money. The results show, as expected, that Latvia is above the average global value. Latvia’s findings show that it is a well-structured economy and can counteract an economic crisis.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. The results are original and show for the first time the cycle of money of Latvia through the application of this theory. This research is the first application of the cycle of money in the case of index calculations. So, it is a completely new concept based on the theory of the cycle of money.