bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing efficacy of treatment in patients with steatohepatitis and concomitant chronic colitis
Authors: Manzhalii Elina G. , Moyseyenko Valentyna O. , Falalyeyeva Tetyana M. , Tsyryuk Olena I. , Kondratiuk Vitaliy E. , Nykula Taras D.
Published: April 2019

This paper presents the results of a study of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury with concomitant colitis and the development of biliary insufficiency that manifests as a significant decrease in the volume of bile acids and bile. In patients with liver injury and concomitant colitis, changes in intestinal microflora were marked. After a combination therapy of this pathology with phosphatidylcholine and glycyrrhizic acid, an improvement of biochemical, clinical indicators was observed, as well as a decrease in fatty degeneration and reduction of elastographic indicators of liver fibrosis. The introduction of the drug formulations phosphatidylcholine and glycyrrhizic acid in the complex of conservative treatment of liver injury with concomitant colitis helps to prevent hepatic and intestinal complications and to increase the treatment efficacy of these diseases.
Synthesis and anticancer properties of bacterial cellulose-magnesium oxide bionanocomposite
Authors: Safaei Mohsen , Taran Mojtaba , Rezaei Razieh , Mansouri Kamran , Mozaffari Hamid Reza , Imani Mohammad Moslem , Sharifi Roohollah
Published: April 2019

Given the increase in global mortality rate due to various types of cancer, the present study aimed to develop optimal conditions for the synthesis of cellulose-magnesium oxide nanocomposite with favorable anticancer activity. For this purpose, the Taguchi method was used to design nine experiments with varied ratios of cellulose biopolymer, magnesium oxide nanoparticles and different stirring times. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the formation of cellulose-magnesium oxide nanocomposite. The anticancer activity level of nine nanocomposites studied was evaluated using MTT assay on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line. The nanocomposite synthesized in experiment 9 (8 mg/ml of magnesium oxide, 2 mg/ml of cellulose and stirring time of 60 min) showed the highest growth inhibitory activity on the cancer cells. Based on the attained results,e cellulose-magnesium oxide nanocomposite synthesized in optimal conditions can be used as an eligible anticancer agent.
Origins, pathophysiology, diagnosis, vaccination and prevention of Chikungunya virus
Authors: Rafe Md. Rajdoula , Ahmed Syeda Naureen , Ahmed Zebunnesa
Published: April 2019

Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus that possesses characteristics similar to that of an arthropod-borne virus. Chikungunya virus has been one of the major concerns for the last few decades due to its nature of explosive spreading throughout the world. This article is intended to give detailed information about Chikungunya virus, and includes its pathogenesis, origins, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Although, recent researches suggests various approaches to treating Chikungunya virus, extensive literature search on Chikungunya virus has revealed that, currently, there is no effective treatment available and the virus is greatly dependent on its vectors. Patients affected by Chikungunya virus mainly show symptoms of fever, arthralgia, joint pain and skin rash. Since there is no effective treatment available, public awareness is the most significant factor for potential prevention against Chikungunya virus.
Chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives – sirtuin 2 inhibitors for correction of muscular dysfunction
Authors: Pozdnyakov Dmitry I. , Voronkov Andrey V. , Rybalko Anastasiya E. , Rukovitsyna Viktoriya M. , Oganesyan Eduard T.
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate experimentally, the myoprotective effect of new chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives in conditions of muscular dysfunction and to establish a potential mechanism of myoprotective activity – the blockade of the function of sirutin 2. Materials and methods. The effect of new chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives on the development of muscular dysfunction under the conditions of an electromiostimulation test, was studied. The degree of muscle fatigue was evaluated in the «grip-strength» and through test biochemical assays (determination of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, concentration of lactic and pyruvic acids, creatinine, myoglobin, and total protein) to determine the possible mechanism of action of the test compounds (5 new derivatives of chromone-3-aldehyde) and their effect on the function of sirtuin 2 was evaluated.

Results. The study showed that chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives have a pronounced myoprotective effect associated with low toxicity (class 5 toxicity according to the GHS classification), which was confirmed by the results of the «grip-strength» test and biochemical tests data. Test compounds under the X3AC1, X3AOAC and X3AN codes evince sirtuin 2 inhibitory activity, which was reflected in a decrease in its concentration by 63.6% (p <0.05); 130.2% (p <0.05) and 218.8% (p <0.05).

Conclusion. The study showed that chromone-3-aldehyde derivatives are promising subjects for further study with the goal of creating a drug with a high myoprotective effect and an optimal safety profile.
Editorial 2019: Continuation of Promotion and New Efforts
Authors: Tomljanović Tea , Matulić Daniel
Published: April 2019

Croat J Fish continues in its effort to stay an important scientific and professional journal in the region. In this year, the Journal was advanced by new Editorial Board members while cooperation with SCIENDO publishers has been extended until the end of 2020. We hope and expect 2019 to be yet another significant year in fisheries science and we look forward to sharing it with you. The Editorial also provides information on the latest news on Open Access Journals Initiative, the Journal Scopus CiteScore metrics, as well as the articles published in Croat J Fish in 2018, with a list of reviewers who participated in the review process.
Morphological Differences and Trophic Niche Breadth of Sarotherodon galilaeus and Oreochromis niloticus from the Freshwater Lake Geriyo, North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuka Azubuike Victor , Adebowale Adedeji Hameed , Adekolurejo Oloyede Adeyemi
Published: April 2019

The relationship between morphological traits and feeding ecology of the only two tilapiine cichlids (Sarotherodon galilaeus and Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Geriyo, northeastern Nigeria, was examined. Stomach contents of 504 individuals were examined and analyzed to relate morphological differences of each species to its dietary preferences. Eleven ecological relevant morphological variables, including total length, standard length, head length, body depth, eye diameter, pectoral spine length, pelvic spine length, dorsal fin ray count, dorsal spine count and anal fin ray count, were also measured and subjected to Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to relate morphological differences of each species to its dietary preferences. The PCoA (using Euclidean distance) revealed a large morphological distance between species indicating adaptation for different spatial and vertical distributions within the lake. Furthermore, the correlation of these morphological differences with particular diet categories suggests a potential for specialized trophic tendencies, however, the high occurrence of two major food types (macrophytes and plankton) in stomach contents of both species indicate generalist trophic tendencies. While a high trophic overlap index (0.98) was recorded for both species, the trophic niche breadth was higher for S. galilaeus (4.18±0.32), compared to O. niloticus (3.33±0.24). Despite the large morphological differences of both tilapias, the high trophic overlaps indicate limited food options within Lake Geriyo. In addition, the successful coexistence of the tilapias in the face of limited food resources indicates suitable partitioning of food resources in the lake.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of Threatened Amblyceps mangois from Sub-Himalayan West Bengal, India Through Rapd and ISSR Fingerprinting
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tanmay , Bhattacharjee Soumen
Published: April 2019

Amblyceps mangois or the “Indian torrent catfish” is a tropical, freshwater, hill-stream species that has ornamental-commercial value and has been included within the “Endangered” category in the list of threatened freshwater fishes of India. A total fourteen populations from the Terai and Dooars region of northern West Bengal, India were analyzed to study the genetic architecture of this species with the help of RAPD and ISSR markers. The observed number of alleles (S), Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (H´ or I) showed the highest values in the Teesta river system and the lowest values in the Mahananda river system. The UPGMA-based dendrogram and PCoA, based on RAPD and ISSR fingerprints, showed that the Mahananda and the Teesta river populations formed a group distinct from the remaining Jaldhaka river population. We further considered the fourteen riverine populations into nine groups according to the continuity of the water flow for SHE analysis. It was found that the three components, i.e. the pattern of diversity (H´), richness (S) and evenness (E), have varied and fluctuated across all fourteen populations from higher to lower altitude as the river flows downstream. AMOVA, PhiPT and genetic hierarchical analyses showed that a distinct hierarchical structure is present in Amblyceps populations in the study region. Low levels of genetic diversity/variation and genetic hierarchical structure with high genetic divergence were found in the present study as an indicator of the recent picture of threatened status of this species. This study is the initial attempt to characterize and evaluate the genetic architecture of the species from this region and there is a scope to manage the evolutionary significant units (ESU) for conservation purpose.
Ukrainians in Slovakia: Outlining the Reflection on Ethnic Identity and Autostereotypisation of the Ukrainian Minority
Authors: Součková Taťána
Published: April 2019

The paper is based on the conclusions of ethnological research of Ukrainian minority carried out by the author on the territory of Slovakia between 2014 and 2016. Its main objective was the reflection of ethnic stereotypes of the Ukrainian minority towards the Slovak majority. An unavoidable element in research on stereotyping and reflection of “national character” was also an analysis of ethnic identity of the members of the minority group. How do they perceive themselves, what does it personally mean to them to be a Ukrainian and what practically fulfills an abstract category of “being Ukrainian”. The author briefly summarizes key theoretical objectives of the concept of ethnic identity and then analyses its reflection within the Ukrainians in Slovakia with regard to its main characteristics. Ukrainian autostereotypisation in the broader context of Ukrainian-Russian relatioship is also examined.
Once We Were Shepherds: Górale Ethnic Identity in Celebrations Revived and Reinterpreted
Authors: Sendyka Pawel
Published: April 2019

The Górale of the Polish highlands are seen as a people apart from the rest of Poles. They are afforded this special status through the romanticisation as Poland’s very own “noble savages” by the writers and travellers of the 19th century. This was the time of Poland’s search for nationhood (when its territory was occupied by Russia, Prussia and Austria). The Górale have always been described, even in those early accounts, as pastoralists.

During the season, when the sheep went up to the alpine pastures, the villages were almost deserted. In the 20th century the pastoral system dissolution took place starting with the establishment of national parks after the Second World War. Further unfavourable developments decimated what was left of it since the late 1980s. As a result of the dissolution of the pastoral system the Górale chose to amplify their internal unity by strengthening the ethnic identity. The revival of pastoralism as it currently presents itself today, may be seen as yet another rallying call around Górale identity. It is a come back to the pastoralist “core” of the highland culture, while changing and re-inventing the tradition to suit new economic, social and political circumstances.

In the Polish pastoralist tradition there have always been two seminal community events which bracketed the winter season. There was the autumn event of “Redyk Jesienny” when the sheep brought back from the summer alpine pastures were given back to their owners and there was also a spring event of “Mieszanie Owiec” which literally means the Mixing of Sheep. Historically, they were very important events of the pastoral calendar, while the pastoral system itself has been crucial fixture and backbone of the social system of the Górale people. The paper examines how these traditions changed from old ethnographic descriptions and how they are being re-invented in the context of reaffirming the Górale identity today.
Skin Bleaching Narratives Responses from Women Bleaches and Stakeholders in Ghana (1950s – 2015)
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Samuel , Gyasi Razak Mohammed , oware Richard , Adu-Agyeman Godwin
Published: April 2019

Based on a qualitative design and a qualitative analysis of responses from primary informants and secondary sources we present a narrative on the attitudes and perception of the Ghanaian on skin bleaching. Based on retrospective and thematic analyses the authors conclude that there is the need for education and enforcement of laws that protect the consumer from patronizing cosmetics that bleach the skin. The study further highlights the role of institutions that are responsible for legislating, regulating, preventing and educating the general public. It is envisaged that this article shall reinvigorate the need for further research and discourses on skin bleaching in Africa and Ghana in particular. Policy makers and policy implementers should be spurred on to make a difference.
Food Festivals and Expectations of Local Development in Northern Italy
Authors: Fontefrancesco Michele Filippo
Published: April 2019

This essay offers an ethnographic analysis of the role of food in modern Italian food festivals. Starting from the ethnographic case of Borgonovo, a rural town in Southern Piedmont, and its festival, it highlights the nonlinear role played by food in the festivals and points out gastronomic festivals should be read as a local response of rural, and marginal communities to the phenomenon of their social marginalization.
Genetic variability in peas (Pisum sativum L.) from Turkey asssessed with molecular and morphological markers
Authors: Hanci Fatih
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to identify the molecular and morphological characteristics of Turkish pea accessions (Pisum sativum L.). The genetic diversity among 130 Turkish landraces and 2 commercial varieties in a total of 132 pea accessions was assessed with 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Forty-eight (48) polymorphic alleles were identified using 14 SSR markers. The pairwise Dice coefficients of similarity between accessions ranged from 0.091 to 0.960. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.585 to 0.861. Overall, 50 morphological traits were evaluated. Cluster analysis was carried out on a matrix of Euclidean distances. The accessions were divided into three main groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the weight of each morphological characteristic. According to the results, the highest eigenvalue was observed in PC-I (13.88) followed by PC-II (11.42), and PC-III (7.32). The first fifteen PCs with eigenvalues > 1 explained 74.08% of the variability. The results showed that the molecular markers were useful and polymorphic, sufficient to allocate all the evaluated accessions. This research has provided significant insights into the genetic variability of Turkish pea accessions.
Intusussception Secondary to Gastrointestinal Foreign Body in an Eleven Month old Juvenile African Lion (Panthera Leo) Case Report
Authors: Ajadi R. A. , Egbetade A. O. , Ajayi O. O. , Makinde O. A. , Okandeji M. E.
Published: April 2019

An eleven month old male, juvenile lion brought for rehabilitation at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library (OOPL) Wildlife Park was diagnosed with gastrointestinal foreign body and intussusception based on the history of persistent vomiting following ingestion of a cotton towel, and radiographic findings of a radiopaque gastric foreign body extending from the fundus to the pylorus and a cylindrical soft tissue mid-abdominal mass. The lion was premedicated with an intramuscular injections of ketamine (5 mg.kg−1) and midazolam (0.25 mg.kg−1), while anaesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of propofol (2 mg.kg−1). A celiotomy followed by gastrotomy and subsequent intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed to remove the gastrointestinal foreign bodies and correct the intussus ception. The lion recovered well without any complication and was gradually introduced back into the group housing three weeks later following successful alimentation process. This report is probably the first case of intussusception in a lion that was associated with a gastrointestinal foreign body.
Effects of Cell Seeding Methods on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Polyhydroxybutyrate/Chitosan Scaffolds
Authors: Giretová M. , Medvecký Ľ. , Petrovová E. , Čížková D. , Mudroňová D. , Danko J.
Published: April 2019

The aim of our study was to examine the effects of passive and active cell seeding techniques on in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from rat bone marrow and seeded on porous biopolymer scaffolds based on polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PCH) blends. This paper is focused on the distribution of the cells on and in the scaffolds, since it influences the uniformity of the created extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as the homogenity of the distribution of chondrogenic markers in vitro which ultimately affects the quality of the newly created tissue after in vivo implantation. The three types of cell-scaffold constructs were examined by: fluorescence microscopy, SEM, histology and quantitative analysis of the glycosaminoglycans after chondrogenic cultivation. The results demonstrated that the active cells seeded via the centrifugation of the cell suspension onto the scaffold guaranteed an even distribution of cells on the bulk of the scaffold and the uniform secretion of the ECM products by the differentiated cells.
Prevalence of Porcine Rotavirus Antigen and Associated Risk Factors in Pig-Raising Communities and Institutional Piggeries in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Delia T. A. , Dzikwi-Emennaa A. A. , Kwaga J. K. P. , Kia G. S. N. , Olufemi O. T. , Otolorin G. R. , Adanu A. W.
Published: April 2019

Porcine rotaviruses are potential reservoirs for genetic exchange with human rotaviruses. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of porcine Rotavirus antigen and associated risk factors in pig-raising communities and institutional piggeries in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 376 faecal samples from pigs of all ages were collected from backyard and institutional piggeries by convenience sampling. The faecal samples collected were analysed using commercially available ELISA kit: BioK 343/2, for the antigenic diagnosis of rotavirus in porcine faeces. The overall prevalence of rotavirus antigen in pigs was 9.8 % (37/376). Piglets (10.4 %) had a higher prevalence than adults (9.1 %), while males (10.1 %) were more infected than females (9.6 %). Breed-specific prevalences revealed 5.9 %, 12 % and 15.5 % for local, exotic and cross-breeds, respectively. There was a significant association between breed (P < 0.05) (Odds Ratio OR = 2.927; 95 % Confidence Interval CI on OR = 1.288—6.653) and rotavirus infection. Management system revealed 14 % and 8.2 % prevalence for intensive and semi-intensive systems, respectively. There is evidence of Rotavirus infection (9.8 %) in pigs in Zaria, and the breed is a risk factor. This study provides the first data on the prevalence of rotavirus and risk factors of rotavirus infection among pigs in Zaria and environs, Kaduna state, Nigeria. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic implication and economic impacts of rotavirus infections.
Ecological Factors of Transmission, Persistence and Circulation of Pathogens In Bat Populations
Authors: Zemanová S. , Korytár Ľ. , Benkő Z. , Prokeš M. , Ondrejková A.
Published: April 2019

The existence of bats is crucial for all ecosystem units as they fulfil numerous ecological roles. However, they are also considered to be natural reservoirs of a wide range of zoonotic microorganisms, especially viruses. In this review article we briefly summarize current knowledge about various ecological factors that facilitate bat pathogen dispersal and about the current approaches to monitoring viral communities present within bat populations. On the basis of the cited papers, we suggest that the increased focus on complex viral populations in bats and their interactions with other populations and the environment is necessary to fully comprehend the relationship between emerging infectious diseases, the environment and their toll on human health.
Prevalence and Economic Losses Due to Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Adelakun O. D. , Akinseye V.O. , Adesokan H. K. , Cadmus S. I.B.
Published: April 2019

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a zoonotic disease responsible for considerable economic losses; with consequent negative impact on both public health and the livestock industry. However, the burden of this disease and associated economic losses remain un-investigated among slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, the hub of livestock activities in south-western Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted over a three-month period to determine the prevalence and economic losses due to BTB among slaughtered cattle at the Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan, in south-western Nigeria. Individual slaughtered cattle were purposively inspected for the presence of tuberculous lesions, and representative sample of affected organs and associated lymph nodes from the BTB suspected animals were taken. The suspected lesions were processed based on Becton Dickinson digestion and decontamination procedure and the losses due to BTB were estimated mathematically, using a formula. The BTB prevalence of 9.3 % (38/408) was obtained with a significant statistical association (P ≤ 0.05) of the disease with the breeds of cattle slaughtered. Out of the 46 visceral organs condemned: 29 (63 %) were lungs, 12 (26.1 %) livers, 4 (8.7 %) hearts and 1 (2.2 %) kidney. The total estimated annual economic loss (direct and indirect) due to BTB was estimated as Nigerian naria NGN 703,980,070 (EUR 1,725,441.4). This study revealed BTB as endemic and a major cause of concern considering its ill-health and economic effects on both humans and the livestock industry. Efforts are therefore required: to control this disease along the beef value chain in order to safeguard human and livestock health; as well as to limit the economic losses associated with its prevalence.
Effect of Low-Dose Exposure to Toxic Heavy Metals on The Reproductive Health of Rats A Multigenerational Study
Authors: Doničová V. , Lukačínová A. , Beňačka R. , Ništiar F.
Published: April 2019

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of the exposure to low doses of lead, mercury and cadmium dissolved in drinking water (200× above maximal permissible dosage) on the reproductive potency of 200 Wistar rats (100 males and 100 females of F1 generation) and their progeny. Ten groups of rats were formed according to their exposure to heavy metals, including one control group without exposure. The females gave births between weeks 13 and 78 of the experiments. Reproduction parameters, such as number of litters, total number of newborns, number of newborns per litter, and number of weanlings were assessed weekly. The results demonstrated that the number of litters and newborns were higher after exposure to mercury and lower after exposure to lead. The number of weanlings and their share from newborns were the highest after exposure to cadmium and the lowest after exposure to mercury. A sex-specific effect of metals was related to the reproductive success.
Thiol/Disulphide homeostasis, ischemia modified albumin, and ferroxidase as oxidative stress markers in women with obesity with insulin resistance
Authors: Ates Elif , Set Turan , Karahan Süleyman Caner , Biçer Cemile , Erel Özcan
Published: April 2019

Background

The purpose of the study was to determine oxidative stress-related plasma thiol/disulphide, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels and ferroxidase activity among women with obesity in insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant groups in comparison with an overweight group.

Methods

We compared plasma thiol/disulphide, IMA levels, and ferroxidase activity between the study groups. We analyzed plasma thiol/disulphide homeostasis with a newly developed automated measurement method; IMA with Albumin Cobalt Binding Test and ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin) levels with an automated, colourimetric method.

Results

There were no significant differences between insulin-resistant and non-insulin-resistant women with obesity in terms of plasma native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, disulphide/native thiol ratio, disulphide/total thiol or native thiol/total thiol values. Ferroxidase activity was higher in insulin-resistant than in non-insulin-resistant women with obesity and higher in the total women with obesity group than in the overweight subjects (p<0.001, and p=0.014, respectively). IMA was lower in the insulin-resistant group than in the non-insulin-resistant group and overweight groups (p=0.011, and p=0.042, respectively).

Conclusions

The significantly greater increase in ferroxidase activity in insulin-resistant subjects with obesity may reflect its role as a positive acute phase protein. These findings may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease. Changes in oxidative status occur in women with obesity, and partially in overweight subjects. The ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin plays a crucial role in iron homeostasis and lowers oxidative stress by reducing the detrimental effects of iron.
Trinitarianism In Didache, Barnabas, and the Shepherd: Sketchy, Scant, or Scandalous?
Authors: Svigel Michael J.
Published: April 2019

A survey of works on the development of nascent trinitarianism, especially in the last several decades, reveals that most treatments cut a wide path around three of the earliest Christian writings: Didache, Barnabas, and Shepherd of Hermas. Because these writings straddle the apostolic/post-apostolic eras (c. AD 50-150), they should be regarded as essential links in any historical account of the development of trinitarian theology. Nevertheless, these writings have sometimes been regarded as having sketchy, scant, or scandalous christologies and pneumatologies. This article argues that the typical critical estimations of these writings as nontrinitarian are under-supported by the textual evidence. Rather, Didache, Barnabas, and the Shepherd of Hermas may very well presuppose a basic christocentric and trinitarian creation-redemption narrative. Far from scandalous, these texts provide a positive link in the continuity from seminal apostolic trinitarian thought to the later trinitarian growth of the second century.
Tertullian on the Trinity
Authors: Litfin Bryan M.
Published: April 2019

Tertullian is often portrayed as a prescient figure who accurately anticipated the Nicene consensus about the Trinity. But when he is examined against the background of his immediate predecessors, he falls into place as a typical second-century Logos theologian. He drew especially from Theophilus of Antioch, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus of Lyons. At the same time, Tertullian did introduce some important innovations. His trinitarian language of ‘substance’ and ‘person’, rooted in Stoic metaphysics, offered the church a new way to be monotheistic while retaining the full deity and consubstantiality of the Word. Tertullian also significantly developed the concept of a divine oikonomia, God’s plan to create and redeem the world. The Son and Spirit are emissaries of the Father’s will—not ontologically inferior to him, yet ranked lower in the way that the sent are always subordinate to the sender. For this reason, Tertullian denied that a Father/Son relationship was eternal within the Trinity, seeing it rather as a new development emerging from God’s plan to make the world. Such temporal paternity and filiation distances Tertullian from the eventual Nicene consensus, which accepted instead the eternal generation theory of Origen. While Tertullian did propose some important terms that would gain traction among the Nicene fathers, he was also marked by a subordinationist tendency that had affinities with Arianism. Tertullian’s most accurate anticipation of Nicaea was his insistence on three co-eternal and consubstantial Persons. Historical theologians need to start admitting that Tertullian was a far cry from being fully Nicene. Rather, he offered a clever but still imperfect half-step toward what would become official orthodoxy..
Musiceducation in The Context of New Challenges for Philosophy of Education
Authors: Sláviková Zuzana , Králová Eva
Published: April 2019

In our contribution we point out to the current challenges of the philosophy of art education, which are based on a new perspective on a human being, which also involves a deeper understanding of the aims and forms of artistic pedagogy. The reflected perspective expands the space for the complex development of child personality and the stimulation of his or her creativity. The principles of methodological procedures and the openness of the system take this perspective into consideration in an explored and experimentally verified music-pedagogical model by Juraj Hatrik “The Jewel of Music”. Conceptually, this model opposes unchanging and fixed learning didactic algorithms with the philosophy of atomizing at different levels, intended only for imitation, without the possibility of anticipating and considering the number of possible connections, the effects arising from the streams, and the effects of the interrelated factors that raise the problem from different angles.
Music Calling for Social Transformation: Some Reflections on Poulenc’s Surrealist WorkLe Bal Masqué
Authors: Marisi Rossella
Published: April 2019

Grounding on Marx’s and Freud’s theories, Surrealists sought the liberation of the individual and the transformation of society. With this aim they brought together usual objects in unusual combinations, surprising the audience and giving them the opportunity to perceive reality with different eyes. This study reflects on a character of Jacob’s and Poulenc’s Le bal masqué, Mademoiselle Malvina, presented as epitome of the bourgeoisie and described in both text and music as duplicitous and superficial.
Choose Music! A Consulting and Training Strategy for Admission to Higher Education in Music
Authors: Duţică Luminiţa
Published: April 2019

The educational project CHOOSE MUSIC!, subtitled “for counselling and training for admission to higher education in music”, was created many years ago, at the initiative of Prof. Univ. PhD. Luminiţa Duţică, with the main purpose of creating a bridge between the pre-university and academic musical education (through pupils - students, pupils - university professors, etc.). Another special objective was to promote the image and opportunities existing at “George Enescu” National University of Arts of Iași. In this respect, inter-institutional partnerships were established between the Faculty of Interpretation, Composition and Theoretical Music Studies within “George Enescu” National University of Arts of Iași and numerous art high schools/colleges, especially from the regions of Moldavia (Suceava, Botoșani, Bacău, Piatra-Neamț, Iași, Bârlad and Galați). In this study we will go into more detailed aspects related to teaching and art activities made for this purpose, diverse and attractive, evidenced by: demonstration lessons of Music theory, Classical composition / jazz – easy listening, Musicology, Choral/Orchestral Conducting, MasterClass for aspects regarding the perception and graphic representation of the sounds, as well as the specific musical skills training (held by professors Luminiţa and Gheorghe Duţică), to which educational concerts, book launches, special meetings with teachers from the pre-university education, additional training with students for admission to the academic musical education in Iași (especially in the contest subject called Theory - Solfeggio –Melodic Dictation.
The Enescian Pianistic Notes and Commentaries (1st part)
Authors: Naie Lăcrămioara
Published: April 2019

Moldavian by nature and genius by vocation, maestro George Enescu remained captured in the universal consciousness as an accomplished violinist, composer and as an amazing and inspired musician – pianist which gathered in an admirable synthesis elegance, refinement, impressionist tones, romantic flames, classic – German construction, all these under the aura of a profound Romanian feeling. All the Enescian pianistic artistic creation is under the sign of the stylistic unity, of the maximal concentration of the musical substance that carry all artistic emotions and the accumulations of the modern musical expression. The generous, wide and bidding instrumental register covers the adage of “unity in diversity”.
The Problematization of The Triad Style-Genrelanguage in The Didactic Approach of The Discipline The History of Music
Authors: Iațeșen Loredana Viorica
Published: April 2019

Conventional mentality, according to which, in the teaching activities carried out during the courses of History of Music, the approach of the triad style-genre-language is performed under restrictions and in most cases in a superficial manner, the professor dealing with the usual general correlations (information regarding the epoch, biography and activity of the creator, affiliation of the musician to a certain culture of origin, the classification of the opus under discussion chronologically in the context of the composer’s work) falls into a traditional perspective on the discipline brought to our attention, a perspective that determines, following the processes of periodical or final assessment, average results and a limited feedback from students. For these reasons, it is necessary to use the modern methods of approaching the discipline, new teaching strategies in the comments and correlations on scientific content, so that the problematization of the style-genre-language triad in didactic approach of the discipline The History of Music, to generate optimal results in specific teaching and assessment activities.
The Piano, A Perfect Musical Instrument – Beginnings and Evolution (18th – 19th Centuries)
Authors: Tudor Brînduşa
Published: April 2019

The 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century mark the emergence, development and affirmation of the piano as a complex instrument that shall take, in turns, the role of soloist instrument, claiming and being able to reach the sound variety of the orchestra, that of partner in chamber music assemblies or that of orchestra member. The emergence, improvement and qualitative performance acquisition adventure of the piano represents a fascinating history about human creativity and ingenuity serving art, beauty, sound expressivity refinement and improvement.
Extramusical Aspects Regarding the Organisation of Children Symphony Orchestra
Authors: Ion Ciprian
Published: April 2019

This article introduces the problems that could emerge when undertaking to organize a children symphony orchestra, but also the means of surmounting them. The stress falls on the difficult mission of establishing the specific hierarchy (part master, placement on desks, choosing the concert-maestro), action that proves to be extremely delicate taking into consideration the age category we refer to. Moreover, we pursue the indication of the stages that should be taken into account in order to obtain an independent, functional and adaptable ensemble, given the limited time period until the public show. After choosing the members of the hard core of the ensemble, it is recommended that the master shall empower and present the tasks that one must meet. Thus, the qualities that the chosen children should take into consideration for the purpose of avoiding certain stressed moment or certain syncopes for the optimal operation of the orchestra are presented. Once the premises for a good operation have the created, the professor can transfer certain tasks to the students (tuning, settling the bows, part study, etc.) having as an effect the efficiency of going through the programme under the conditions of a deadline which cannot be exceeded. Furthermore, several recommendations regarding the psychological training of the children for the purpose of surmounting the stress factor specific to any public interpretation are presented.
The Development of Dm. Kabalevskii Ideas in Contemporary Musical Pedagogy
Authors: Caliga Marina
Published: April 2019

Musical pedagogy has a long way of training and development. Over the decades, we can follow schools, systems and personalities through which this area is grounded. Based on various factors, such as the geographical location, the purpose of the system or school pursued, the possibilities of interpretation, the contemporary musical pedagogy enumerates well-known personalities, on whose researches this field is based. Dm. Kabalevsky’s name and his successors notably record in the musical-educational system of the Republic of Moldova.
The Operas of Pascal Bentoiu: Themes, Collective Character, Ars Choralis
Authors: Radu-Țaga Consuela
Published: April 2019

Pascal Bentoiu dedicated to the lyrical stage three opuses: the comedy The Love Doctor, the radio opera The Sacrifice of Iphigenia and the tragedy Hamlet. The female choir from The Sacrifice of Iphigenia and the choir from Hamlet use different ways of vocal expression, adapted to vibrations of the word: from recitative chanting or spoken chorus, to melodic articulations. The hegemony of the vocal parameter and the lyrical expression are counterpoised by the feverishness of the dramatic moments. Pascal Bentoiu proposes new elements in the structure of the opera genre, because in Hamlet the conceptual meanings of the overture are replaced by the choral prelude à cappella. The moments of choral treatment à cappella abound in his operas, these moments being full of emotion and expressing a deep sensitivity.
Sigismund Toduţă. Component Portrait
Authors: Burduloi Marta
Published: April 2019

The figure of the composer Sigismund Toduţă is among those creators whose style, although having a constant evolution towards complexity over several creative periods, remains essentially unitary from a stylistic point of view, rendering it recognizable by constant compositional masterpieces throughout his entire work.131 The existence of a significant number of studies, articles, analyses, integrated in various journalistic contexts (magazines, lexicons, doctoral theses), concerning various aspects of Toduţă creation, has made it possible to outline even from the beginning a general picture of the composer’s style, a valuable starting point for deepening the research in the spirit of the chosen theme.
Creative Workshop – Creative Activity of Undergraduate Students in The Process of Theatre Creation
Authors: Kušnírová Eva
Published: April 2019

Within the frame of the study field of Aesthetics at Faculty of Arts Prešov University in Prešov, the students have an opportunity to acquire abilities and skills also in creative artistic activities. One of the possibilities is to participate in the creative workshops as the part of Academic Prešov Festival that is very popular with the participants. The actors of a creative workshop can experience, in a short period of time (mostly weekly), an intense creative process in which a young undergraduate student headed by a professional, in the amateur communication with a professional, can experience an unrepeatable experience of creativity, creation of theatrical work as well as the distinctive level of theatrical communication on the axis of participant-lecture-process-making-theatrical work-viewer. In this way, he discovers potential artistic, authentic, and generationally specific dispositions.
Ipostases of The Choreographic Dialogue
Authors: Todi Cristina
Published: April 2019

The analysis of the aesthetic face of dance brings to our forefront the fascination for the movement on many artists who experienced the movement and, above all, explored the possibilities of kinetic art or movement movement. In its most elevated form, dance contains not only this element but also the infinite richness of human personality. It is the perfect synthesis of the abstract and the human, of mind and intellect with emotion, discipline with spontaneity, spirituality with erotic attraction to which dance aspires; and in dance as a form of communication, it is the most vivid presentation of this fusion act that is the ideal show.
The Female Artist in Romanian Inter-War Theater
Authors: Antochi Carmen
Published: April 2019

In Romania at the beginning of the twentieth century women were concerned with the home environment. In an urban environment, however, there had been a re-alignment towards education, women from affluent families having an artistic preoccupation, with them being determined and epochal. Though loved and admired on the stage, the women who embraced an artistic career were not looked upon with total respect by the society as a whole, because they were straying away from ‘their calling’. The opening towards the occident had lit the flame in our womens hearts to reach equality in rights, to occupy a place in society and to fight a prejudice image.
Mental Preparation of Students Preceding the Course
Authors: Florentin Alice
Published: April 2019

In the preparation of”complete actors” only the technical aspects are not decisive, they will not only train them for the level of mastery. Aerobic exercises, forexample, can only play a part in recreation and muscular development, but when we talk about the scenic movement that uses actors’ preparation, the situation changes; the future actor has to work out physical exercises by passing through the mental as well as the spiritual filter. Each student should think about how the exercises indicated by the teacher feel in their bodies, the reception may be different from the way the teacher / college actors / dancers experience the movement. In this context, the student is the only expert in what he likes to do with the movements indicated by the one in front of him, or what emotions are evoked when he experiences a choreographic phrase. This makes the study of acting or dance a form of art, and the difference is given by their inner experiences. the uniqueness of the body on the move.”
Methods of Achieving Stylistic Unity Between Portrait, Costume, and The Theatre Play Space
Authors: Iaţesen Mihai Cosmin
Published: April 2019

Creating stylistic unity within a theatre play is more than just a complex process. The original interpretation of the language forms, specific to each artist that becomes part of this creative act, lies within the final aesthetic product. This article starts by analysing the concept of form and movement as a result of syncretism on various levels, from style and movement, to expression and feelings. To achieve this, the author describes the aesthethics of form emphasising the meaning of stylistic unity in achieving the artistic vision of a show. The paper defines compositional laws and theatrical methods that make the muppet play become a harmonic visual ensemble and stylistic unity. Some of these are: stage props and background; the kinetic criterion of moving forms; the ergonomic criterion of forms in space; the criterion of materiality - in creating the clothing and the costume design.
Comparison of Lungworm Infection in a Herd of Young and Dairy Goats at an Organic Farm
Authors: Kyriánová I.A. , Vadlejch J. , Langrová I.
Published: April 2019

The prevalence and intensity of infection of the lungworm Muellerius capillaris in dairy and young goats were evaluated at one organic farm in the Czech Republic. A total of 605 faecal samples were collected from rectum of thirty selected dairy and thirty young goats; each individual was examined monthly throughout a year. Data were statistically evaluated to verify the existence of differences in values of larvae count per gram (LPG) in dairy and young goats. Further, dairy goats were divided into three groups depending on the number of lactations and the differences in LPG values between groups were statistically evaluated. The species M. capillaris was the only lung parasite identified during our study with an overall prevalence 87.2 % and 93.1 % for young goats and dairy goats, respectively. The difference in the larvae count between young and dairy goats was not statistically significant. The comparison of larvae counts in goat groups depending on the number of lactation showed significant differences between dairy goats on the first and second lactation and between goats on the second and third lactation (P < 0.05) contrary to larvae count between goats on the first and third lactation.
Interspecific Variability of Filarioid Nematodes of the Genus Setaria Viborg, 1795 Occurring in Wild Ruminants in Europe: A Review
Authors: Lanková S. , Vejl P. , Melounová M. , Langrová I.
Published: April 2019

Nematodes of the genus Setaria (Spirurida, Filarioidea) are parasites of vertebrates except fish. Dangerous are their larvae (microfilariae) that may migrate to the central nervous system of hosts causing serious neuropathic disorders of vertebrates including human. Setaria cervi, S. labiatopapillosa, and S. tundra are potential parasites in wild ruminants in Europe. The most recent studies of variability among Setaria spp. are based on a combination of morphometric and molecular methods. Although there is no clear consistency in the morphological structures used by different authors, a morphological key was compiled based on the body length, the arrangement of peribucal crown, and the number of papillae in the caudal part of the body. The barcoding system of Setaria genus is based on sequences of conserved gene polymorphisms such as COX1 and rDNA genes. The published sequences of COX1 gene in Setaria populations were analysed using in silico phylogenetic analysis by the maximum likelihood method (Tamura-Nei model). This analysis confirmed that the COX1 nucleotide polymorphisms genes are species-specific and represent the theoretical basis for the development of markers enabling barcoding system in the genus Setaria.