bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OH Survey along Sightlines of Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+
Authors: Tang Ningyu , Li Di , Heiles Carl , Yue Nannan , Dawson J. R. , Goldsmith Paul F. , Krčo Marko , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Wang Shen , Zuo Pei , Pineda Jorge L. , Wang Jun-Jie
Published: April 2017

We have obtained OH spectra of four transitions in the

ground state, at 1612, 1665, 1667, and 1720 MHz, toward 51 sightlines that were observed in the Herschel project Galactic Observations of Terahertz C+. The observations cover the longitude range of (32°, 64°) and (189°, 207°) in the northern Galactic plane. All of the diffuse OH emissions conform to the so-called “Sum Rule” of the four brightness temperatures, indicating optically thin emission conditions for OH from diffuse clouds in the Galactic plane. The column densities of the H i “halos” N(H i) surrounding molecular clouds increase monotonically with OH column density, N(OH), until saturating when

cm−2 and

cm−2, indicating the presence of molecular gas that cannot be traced by H i. Such a linear correlation, albeit weak, is suggestive of

halos’ contribution to the UV shielding required for molecular formation. About 18% of OH clouds have no associated CO emission (CO-dark) at a sensitivity of 0.07 K, but are associated with C+ emission. A weak correlation exists between C+ intensity and OH column density for CO-dark molecular clouds. These results imply that OH seems to be a better tracer of molecular gas than CO in diffuse molecular regions.
Ending AIDS as a Public Health Threat by 2030: Scientific Developments from the 2016 Interest Conference in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Hankins Catherine A , Koulla-Shiro Sinata , Kilmarx Peter , Ferrari Guido , Schechter Mauro , Kane Coumba Touré , Venter François , Boucher Charles AB , Ross Anna-Laura , Zewdie Debrework , Eholié Serge Paul , Katabira Elly
Published: April 2017

The underpinning theme of the 2016 INTEREST Conference held in Yaoundé, Cameroon, 3–6 May 2016 was ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Focused primarily on HIV treatment, pathogenesis and prevention research in resource-limited settings, the conference attracted 369 active delegates from 34 countries, of which 22 were in Africa. Presentations on treatment optimization, acquired drug resistance, care of children and adolescents, laboratory monitoring and diagnostics, implementation challenges, HIV prevention, key populations, vaccine and cure, hepatitis C, mHealth, financing the HIV response and emerging pathogens, were accompanied by oral, mini-oral and poster presentations. Spirited plenary debates on the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment cascade goal and on antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis took place. Joep Lange career guidance sessions and grantspersonship sessions attracted early career researchers. At the closing ceremony, the Yaoundé Declaration called on African governments; UNAIDS; development, bilateral, and multilateral partners; and civil society to adopt urgent and sustained approaches to end HIV by 2030.
La logique d’Abélard conduit-elle à la contradiction ? Les lectures in re et in voce des inférences et le débat avec les Montani
Authors: Michel Bruno
Published: April 2017

Dans l’historiographie récente, la logique d’Abélard a été reconnue comme profondément novatrice par des auteurs (C. Martin, J. Marenbon) qui soulignent qu’elle conduit malheureusement aussi à la contradiction. Nous montrons ici que cette conclusion n’est pas inévitable et que, si les deux lectures in re (extensionnelle) et in voce (intensionnelle) des inférences sont distinguées comme il convient, la réfutation par les Montani de la théorie des inférences d’Abélard n’atteint cette dernière qu’à la marge. Il existe une lecture – distinguant impossibilité logique ( in voce ) et impossibilité ontologique ( in re ) – qui préserve la non-contradiction de la théorie des inférences d’Abélard.
La tâche d’association iconographique : mise en exergue du processus d’objectivation dans la représentation sociale du médicament
Authors: Cohen Golda , Moliner Pascal
Published: April 2017

Un certain nombre de méthodes permettent le repérage des éléments d’une représentation sociale. Cependant, ces dernières présentent trop souvent l’inconvénient d’être dépendantes du langage. A partir de la représentation sociale du médicament, nous avons comparé les éléments issus de deux tâches d’association libres : verbale (n=304) et iconographique (n=304). Bien que l’on trouve au sein de ces dernières des éléments communs, on observe la mise en exergue d’une structure représentationnelle spécifique à la tâche de production, dans le premier cas le schème de la médication, dans le second cas l’importance de la pharmacie comme lieu de vente et la dimension esthétique du médicament. Les résultats suggèrent que la tâche d’association iconographique permet d’extraire les éléments objectivables de la représentation de façon prototypique.
Superstitions, cultures et sports, entre croyances et rationalisations. Le cas exploratoire d’une équipe féminine professionnelle de volleyball en France
Authors: Eluère Manon , Héas Stéphane
Published: April 2017

L’objectif de cette recherche est de préciser l’influence de la nationalité et plus largement de la culture au sein d’un groupe sportif, dans le recours à la superstition. Cette étude de cas analyse l’attachement à ces croyances de l’ensemble des membres d’une équipe féminine professionnelle de volleyball réunissant des joueuses de différentes nationalités. Une méthode couplant quantitatif et qualitatif (questionnaires, sociométrie et entretiens) de manière complémentaire permet de rendre compte de la complexité du phénomène superstitieux. Les résultats montrent que certaines constructions culturelles sont au centre des croyances. La socialisation primaire apparaît la plus déterminante pour ce qui est de l’adoption de rituels, à travers l’éducation familiale. In fine, trois profils superstitieux émergent en lien avec les nationalités.
Saillance de la religion dans les relations interculturelles
Authors: El Sayed Valentin , Denoux Patrick , Teyssier Julien
Published: April 2017

L’objectif principal de notre étude est de saisir l’impact de la nature culturelle et religieuse de l’interaction sur la saillance de la dimension religieuse. Nous postulons que la place occupée par la religion dans les interactions dépend principalement de sa nature culturelle et religieuse ainsi que du type d’enculturation du sujet. Nous avons administré un questionnaire auprès de 71 sujets chrétiens et musulmans en France. L’analyse met essentiellement en évidence l’invariabilité du recours à la religion de la part du sujet, quelle que soit la réalité interactionnelle à laquelle il se confronte. Toutefois, s’impose parallèlement que l’affirmation culturelle et religieuse aussi bien au niveau individuel et social, est prédominante lors d’une rencontre monoculturelle, monoreligieuse.
Jerôme S. Bruner, car l’interaction donne forme à la cognition...
Authors: Delahousse Alain
Published: April 2017

En hommage à sa récente disparition, nous rappelons le parcours de recherche particulièrement riche et consistant de Jérôme Bruner, allant de l’investigation de la perception à la reconnaissance du lien social et culturel via la féconde découverte de l’activité cognitive. Dans un deuxième temps, nous scrutons plus avant ses apports cognitifs dans les domaines de la perception, de la catégorisation et de la signification et relevons la trame constitutive de l’apprentissage instrumental au sein de cette activité cognitive qu’il a été le premier à mettre au jour. Il s’agit d’une trame intégrée et opérante, constituée dans l’interaction effective avec l’environnement et ses conséquences éprouvées, une trame confortée aujourd’hui par les neurosciences de l’apprentissage. Par ses modes et ses histoires, nourrie de la reconnaissance de ses normes et de leurs exceptions, investie de ses valeurs respectées ou bafouées, la culture charrie les avatars de l’insertion en société comme autant d’instruments symboliques susceptibles de faire sens et d’orienter l’adaptation collective. En finale, dans un troisième temps, nous confrontons les apports de Bruner à certains des paradoxes que rencontre aujourd’hui la psychologie sociale. En particulier, l’hypothèse d’une cognition « sociale » qui fonctionnerait sur ses propres « traitements », coupée en quelque sorte d’une analyse fonctionnelle de l’interdépendance sociale. En particulier également, le postulat parfois défendu, que l’élucidation du procès de signification serait de seconde zone, comparé aux paradigmes expérimentaux avérés, déclarés porteurs de la seule connaissance « scientifique » bien que coupés du contexte adaptatif. En particulier enfin, la difficulté avérée du secteur, à intégrer ensemble, les dimensions individuelles et culturelles de l’adaptation qui constituent pourtant le terreau de l’échange social et de la communication.
Les guichets de la misère énergétique
Authors: Cacciari Joseph
Published: April 2017

Resume Cet article rend compte d'une recherche portant sur le travail d'encadrement et de moralisation des modes de consommation d'énergie des classes populaires en difficulté financière à l'ère de la transition énergétique. Une partie de cette recherche s'est appuyée sur une enquête ethnographique menée dans une association de médiation sociale missionnée par les services sociaux départementaux et des entreprises du secteur pour accueillir la clientèle menacée d'insolvabilité. Construit à partir de cet exemple, l'article met en évidence le travail de production de la figure du consommateur d'énergie qui s'opère aux guichets de cette association, positionnée entre politique sociale et secteur marchand de l'énergie.
Les changements idéologiques à la période de l’adolescence : construction, choix, ruptures
Authors: Lehalle  Henri
Published: April 2017

Il est difficile d’imaginer que les engagements professionnels ne soient pas soutenus par des considérations idéologiques sur le fonctionnement de la société. Or, la période de l’adolescence est précisément celle où de telles constructions idéologiques se déterminent et se différencient.Ces constructions idéologiques peuvent être examinées sous divers aspects : composantes cognitives, références collectives et développement moral, engagements civiques et politiques. Mais, comme les changements adolescents s’effectuent selon des modalités très diverses, en continuité ou en rupture avec le passé, ce sont les analyses en systèmes dynamiques qui offrent les outils les plus pertinents pour mieux comprendre les processus de changement, en particulier lorsque les trajectoires développementales conduisent à des formes de radicalisation.
Meteorological Data Forecast using RNN
Authors: Balluff Stefan , Bendfeld Jörg , Krauter Stefan
Published: April 2017

Gathering knowledge not only of the current but also the upcoming wind speed is getting more and more important as the experience of operating and maintaining wind turbines is increasing. Not only with regards to operation and maintenance tasks such as gearbox and generator checks but moreover due to the fact that energy providers have to sell the right amount of their converted energy at the European energy markets, the knowledge of the wind and hence electrical power of the next day is of key importance. Selling more energy as has been offered is penalized as well as offering less energy as contractually promised. In addition to that the price per offered kWh decreases in case of a surplus of energy. Achieving a forecast there are various methods in computer science: fuzzy logic, linear prediction or neural networks. This paper presents current results of wind speed forecasts using recurrent neural networks (RNN) and the gradient descent method plus a backpropagation learning algorithm. Data used has been extracted from NASA's Modern Era-Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) which is calculated by a GEOS-5 Earth System Modeling and Data Assimilation system. The presented results show that wind speed data can be forecasted using historical data for training the RNN. Nevertheless, the current set up system lacks robustness and can be improved further with regards to accuracy.
Fault-Tolerant and Deterministic Flight-Software System For a High Performance CubeSat
Authors: Benson Ilia , Kaplan Adam , Flynn James , Katz Sharlene
Published: April 2017

We describe the design and implementation of a complete flight-software operating system (OS) for a high-performance CubeSat carrying a third-party payload. This CubeSat's mission is to carry out research experiments on this payload while in low earth orbit. These experiments may be specified and prepared on the ground while the CubeSat is already in flight, and later uploaded via communication link. Experimental results collected by the CubeSat may likewise be downloaded to the ground. The CubeSat must collect and respond to sensor telemetry every second, and respond to ground communication on demand. To survive an adversarial space environment, the CubeSat OS is implemented as a deterministic state machine, storing state in a fault tolerant global memory structure. We validate our system via an end to end test of the CubeSat with its ground station, and demonstrate its capability to tolerate and even actively mitigate potential faults resulting from space radiation.
Emerging Technologies
Authors: Cardullo Victoria M. , Wilson Nance S. , Zygouris-Coe Vassiliki I.
Published: April 2017

Emerging technologies enhance student learning through the explicit intentional educational design such as Active Learning Classrooms, Flipped Classrooms, Problem Based Learning, and Project Based Learning to empower students. Throughout this article, we will describe several emerging technologies that support learning for the 21st century using student-centered learning models. By means of vignettes, we model how a Metacognitive Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework (M-TPACK) supports the use of emerging technologies for active learning (Wilson, Zygouris-Coe, Cardullo, & Fong, 2013). Throughout all of the vignettes, we draw connections to the various emerging technologies and the level of integration using both Blooms Taxonomy (Bloom et al., 1956) and the SAMR Model: Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (Puentedura, 2006).
Causal Modelling and Analysis Evaluation of Online Reputation Management Using Fuzzy Delphi and DEMATEL
Authors: Kumar Anil , Dash Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2017

Online reputation management (ORM) is a significant and proactive tool that can reinforce the credibility of the service provider. Literature existing today on this topic has rarely reported on the causal modeling analysis from an ORM perspective. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to build a factor structure of ORM and to build the inter-relationship map amongst the criteria of each factor. To allow for vague human judgment, a fuzzy concept is employed in a form of Fuzzy Delphi. The DEMATEL technique has been used to develop a Network Relationship Map (NRM) among the criteria of each factor. Data has been gathered through a structured questionnaire conducted with a survey of experts. The study divided the criteria of each factor into cause-effect criteria. Findings of the study show that criteria such as distributed reputation system, trust, online competitive branding, website management, customer relationship, search engine optimization, corporate social responsibility, users' reach, competition/page views, purchase discounted products and cash back or money back fall under the cause group of ORM's factors. The results of this study can not only help service providers to enhance their reputation but can also guide them towards targeting their customers in an online platform.
FDI and Trade in Services Towards Sustainable Economic Growth
Authors: Sinha Madhabendra , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: April 2017

The paper empirically investigates the inter-linkage between FDI inflow and international trade in service sector in India. Service sector emerges as the fastest growing sector worldwide during current phase of globalization, contributing more than 60 percent of output and almost 35 percent of trade in global economy. The sector also accounted for 63 percent of global stock of FDI. With hosting a large amount of FDI inflow, Indian service sector is also identified globally due to its substantial improvement in growth and export in international market. So there needs a study to explore the theoretically established causal relationship between FDI inflow and international trade in services towards sustainable and service led economic growth in India. The authors collect monthly data from DIPP, Government of India and RBI over a globally witnessed emerging period from January 2009 to June 2016 and apply ADF and PP unit root tests followed by least square estimation after testing the seasonal effects. Their findings imply unidirectional causality between FDI inflow and export Indian services.
Estimation of Cognitive Distraction from Driver Gazing
Authors: Yoshizama Akira , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Iwasaki Hirotoshi , Mizoguchi Fumio
Published: April 2017

In their study, the authors sought to generate rules for cognitive distractions of car drivers using data from a driving simulation environment. They collected drivers' eye-movement and driving data from 18 research participants using a simulator. Each driver drove the same 15-minute course two times. The first drive was normal driving (no-load driving), and the second drive was driving with a mental arithmetic task (load driving), which the authors defined as cognitive-distraction driving. To generate rules of distraction driving using a machine-learning tool, they transformed the data at constant time intervals to generate qualitative data for learning. Finally, the authors generated rules using a Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Business Process Management in the Classroom
Authors: Sarvepalli Ashwini , Godin Joy
Published: April 2017

Organizations are increasingly adopting Business Process Management (BPM) approaches growing the need for BPM expertise in the industry (Bandara et al., 2010). This has resulted in growing demand for college graduates who have a thorough knowledge of business processes (Lee, 2008). Hadidi (2014) pointed out that development of courses and programs in BPM area has received huge consideration in academia during recent times. This paper presents a classroom activities for teaching Business Process Management using a paper-based simulation game conducted as part of an undergraduate IS course. The paper discusses various class activities involved such as execution of the simulation game, creation of graphical representations of processes followed in the game, and creation of Business Process models using Microsoft Visio software. A post-test survey was conducted to evaluate the understanding of BPM concepts learned and analyze the effectiveness of the simulation game. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.
Cases of albinism and leucism in amphibians in Italy: new reports
Authors: Lunghi Enrico , Monti Alessandro , Binda Arturo , Piazzi Ionne , Salvadori Maurizio , Cogoni Roberto , Riefolo Luigi Andrea , Biancardi Carlo , Mezzadri Sergio , Avitabile Domenico , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Mulargia Manuela , Manca Salvatore , Blaimont Pauline , Di Cerbo Anna Rita , Manenti Raoul
Published: April 2017

Findings of abnormally pigmented amphibian individuals provide interesting insights on intraspecific phenotypic variability as well as on variation among populations inhabiting different habitats. Amphibian coloration is determined by chromatophores (specific epidermal cells), and a variety of abnormalities related to them have been reported. In this study we reported cases of albinism and leucism in six species of Italian amphibians, including some endemic species. For some taxa, like Hydromantes sarrabusensis, H. flavus, H. supramontis and Bufo viridis, we describe the first observations of albinism and leucism.
Review of Vestibular and Oculomotor Screening and Concussion Rehabilitation
Authors: Kontos Anthony P. , Deitrick Jamie McAllister , Collins Michael W. , Mucha Anne
Published: April 2017

Vestibular and oculomotor impairment and symptoms may be associated with worse outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC), including prolonged recovery. In this review, we evaluate current findings on vestibular and oculomotor impairments as well as treatment approaches after SRC, and we highlight areas in which investigation is needed. Clinical researchers have intimated that recovery from SRC may follow certain clinical profiles that affect the vestibular and oculomotor pathways. Identifying clinical profiles may help to inform better treatment and earlier intervention to reduce recovery time after SRC. As such, screening for and subsequent monitoring of vestibular and oculomotor impairment and symptoms are critical to assessing and informing subsequent referral, treatment, and return to play. However, until recently, no brief-screening vestibular and oculomotor tools were available to evaluate this injury. In response, researchers and clinicians partnered to develop the Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening, which assesses pursuits, saccades, vestibular ocular reflex, visual motion sensitivity, and convergence via symptom provocation and measurement of near-point convergence. Other specialized tools, such as the King-Devick test for saccadic eye movements and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory for dizziness, may provide additional information regarding specific impairments and symptoms. Tools such as the Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening provide information to guide specialized referrals for additional assessment and targeted rehabilitation. Vestibular rehabilitation and visual-oculomotor therapies involve an active, expose-recover approach to reduce impairment and symptoms. Initial results support the effectiveness of both vestibular and visual-oculomotor therapies, especially those that target specific impairments. However, the evidence supporting rehabilitation strategies for both vestibular and oculomotor impairment and symptoms is limited and involves small sample sizes, combined therapies, nonrandomized treatment groups, and lack of controls. Additional studies on the effectiveness of screening tools and rehabilitation strategies for both vestibular and oculomotor impairment and symptoms after SRC are warranted.
Legal Aspects of Concussion: The Ever-Evolving Standard of Care
Authors: Pachman Steven , Lamba Adria
Published: April 2017

Today, when an athlete is catastrophically injured while playing a sport, litigation often follows. The likelihood of litigation is even greater in the event of a head injury, especially when the athlete can allege that a prior concussion somehow contributed to the current injury. Whether the potential defendants in these lawsuits, such as schools, coaches, athletic trainers, and other health care professionals, actually face legal liability depends on whether they are deemed to have conformed to the standard of care. The standard of care is a legal term, defined as acting as a reasonable professional in that position or industry would have under the circumstances based on then-existing knowledge. In this article, we examine the standard of care with regard to concussion management and treatment in the context of some of the most notable lawsuits in recent years.
Knowledge of Concussion and Reporting Behaviors in High School Athletes With or Without Access to an Athletic Trainer
Authors: Wallace Jessica , Covassin Tracey , Nogle Sally , Gould Daniel , Kovan Jeffrey
Published: April 2017

Context:

Increased sport participation and sport-related concussion incidence has led to an emphasis on having an appropriate medical professional available to high school athletes. The medical professional best suited to provide medical care to high school athletes is a certified athletic trainer (AT). Access to an AT may influence the reporting of sport-related concussion in the high school athletic population; however, little is known about how the presence of an AT affects concussion knowledge, prevention, and recognition.

Objective:

To evaluate knowledge of concussion and reporting behaviors in high school athletes who did or did not have access to an AT.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Survey.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 438 athletes with access to an AT and 277 without access to an AT.

Intervention(s):

A validated knowledge-of-concussion survey consisting of 83 items addressing concussion history, concussion knowledge, scenario questions, signs and symptoms of a concussion, and reasons why an athlete would not report a concussion. The independent variable was access to an AT.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We examined the proportion of athletes who correctly identified knowledge of concussion, signs and symptoms of concussion, and reasons why high school student-athletes would not disclose a potential concussive injury by access to an AT. Frequency statistics, χ2 tests, independent t tests, and linear regression were conducted to analyze the data.

Results:

The underreporting of concussion among high school athletes was 55%. Athletes with access to an AT had more knowledge of concussion than did athletes without such access (P ≤ .001). Chi-square tests did not demonstrate a significant relationship between AT access and a higher percentage reporting concussions.

Conclusions:

High school athletes with access to an AT had more concussion knowledge, but they did not report suspected concussions to an authority figure more frequently than athletes without access to an AT.
Evaluation of Nintendo Wii Balance Board as a Tool for Measuring Postural Stability After Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Merchant-Borna Kian , Jones Courtney Marie Cora , Janigro Mattia , Wasserman Erin B. , Clark Ross A. , Bazarian Jeffrey J.
Published: April 2017

Context:

Recent changes to postconcussion guidelines indicate that postural-stability assessment may augment traditional neurocognitive testing when making return-to-participation decisions. The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) has been proposed as 1 measure of balance assessment. A new, freely available software program to accompany the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) system has recently been developed but has not been tested in concussed patients.

Objective:

To evaluate the feasibility of using the WBB to assess postural stability across 3 time points (baseline and postconcussion days 3 and 7) and to assess concurrent and convergent validity of the WBB with other traditional measures (BESS and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test [ImPACT] battery) of assessing concussion recovery.

Design:

Cohort study.

Setting:

Athletic training room and collegiate sports arena.

Patients or Other Participants:

We collected preseason baseline data from 403 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and III student-athletes participating in contact sports and studied 19 participants (age = 19.2 ± 1.2 years, height = 177.7 ± 8.0 cm, mass = 75.3 ± 16.6 kg, time from baseline to day 3 postconcussion = 27.1 ± 36.6 weeks) who sustained concussions.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We assessed balance using single-legged and double-legged stances for both the BESS and WBB, focusing on the double-legged, eyes-closed stance for the WBB, and used ImPACT to assess neurocognition at 3 time points. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Mean differences and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to determine differences within and between metrics over the 3 time points. Individual-level changes over time were also assessed graphically.

Results:

The WBB demonstrated mean changes between baseline and day 3 postconcussion and between days 3 and 7 postconcussion. It was correlated with the BESS and ImPACT for several measures and identified 2 cases of abnormal balance postconcussion that would not have been identified via the BESS.

Conclusions:

When accompanied by the appropriate analytic software, the WBB may be an alternative for assessing postural stability in concussed student-athletes and may provide additional information to that obtained via the BESS and ImPACT. However, verification among independent samples is required.
Quadriceps Function and Hamstrings Co-Activation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pamukoff Derek N. , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Ryan Eric D. , Lee Dustin R. , Blackburn J. Troy
Published: April 2017

Context: 

Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have quadriceps dysfunction that contributes to physical disability and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. Quadriceps function in the ACLR limb is commonly evaluated relative to the contralateral uninjured limb. Bilateral quadriceps dysfunction is common in individuals with ACLR, potentially biasing these evaluations.

Objective: 

To compare quadriceps function between individuals with ACLR and uninjured control participants.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Twenty individuals with unilateral ACLR (age = 21.1 ± 1.7 years, mass = 68.3 ± 14.9 kg, time since ACLR = 50.7 ± 21.3 months; females = 14; Tegner Score = 7.1 ± 0.3; 16 patellar tendon autografts, 3 hamstrings autografts, 1 allograft) matched to 20 control participants (age = 21.2 ± 1.2 years, mass = 67.9 ± 11.3 kg; females = 14; Tegner Score = 7.1 ± 0.4) on age, sex, body mass index, and Tegner Activity Scale.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Maximal voluntary isometric knee extension was performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. Peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (RTD), electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, central activation ratio (CAR), and hamstrings EMG amplitude were assessed during maximal voluntary isometric knee extension and compared between groups using independent-samples t tests. Relationships between hamstrings co-activation and quadriceps function were assessed using Pearson correlations.

Results: 

Participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction displayed lesser quadriceps PT (1.86 ± 0.74 versus 2.56 ± 0.37 Nm/kg, P = .001), RTD (39.4 ± 18.7 versus 52.9 ± 16.4 Nm/s/kg, P = .03), EMG amplitude (0.25 ± 0.12 versus 0.37 ± 0.26 mV, P = .04), and CAR (83.3% ± 11.1% versus 93.7% ± 3.2%, P = .002) and greater hamstrings co-activation (27.2% ± 12.8% versus 14.3% ± 3.7%, P < .001) compared with control participants. Correlations were found between hamstrings co-activation and PT (r = −0.39, P = .007), RTD (r = −0.30, P = .03), and EMG amplitude (r = −0.30, P = .03).

Conclusions: 

Individuals with ACLR possessed deficits in PT, RTD, and CAR compared with control participants. Peak torque is the net result of all agonist and antagonist activity, and lesser PT in individuals with ACLR is partially attributable to greater hamstrings co-activation.
Head-Impact–Measurement Devices: A Systematic Review
Authors: O'Connor Kathryn L. , Rowson Steven , Duma Stefan M. , Broglio Steven P.
Published: April 2017

Context:

With an estimated 3.8 million sport- and recreation-related concussions occurring annually, targeted prevention and diagnostic methods are needed. Biomechanical analysis of head impacts may provide quantitative information that can inform both prevention and diagnostic strategies.

Objective:

To assess available head-impact devices and their clinical utility.

Data Sources:

We performed a systematic search of the electronic database PubMed for peer-reviewed publications, using the following phrases: accelerometer and concussion, head impact telemetry, head impacts and concussion and sensor, head impacts and sensor, impact sensor and concussion, linear acceleration and concussion, rotational acceleration and concussion, and xpatch concussion. In addition to the literature review, a Google search for head impact monitor and concussion monitor yielded 15 more devices.

Study Selection:

Included studies were performed in vivo, used commercially available devices, and focused on sport-related concussion.

Data Extraction:

One author reviewed the title and abstract of each study for inclusion and exclusion criteria and then reviewed each full-text article to confirm inclusion criteria. Controversial articles were reviewed by all authors to reach consensus.

Data Synthesis:

In total, 61 peer-reviewed articles involving 4 head-impact devices were included. Participants in boxing, football, ice hockey, soccer, or snow sports ranged in age from 6 to 24 years; 18% (n = 11) of the studies included female athletes. The Head Impact Telemetry System was the most widely used device (n = 53). Fourteen additional commercially available devices were presented.

Conclusions:

Measurements collected by impact monitors provided real-time data to estimate player exposure but did not have the requisite sensitivity to concussion. Proper interpretation of previously reported head-impact kinematics across age, sport, and position may inform future research and enable staff clinicians working on the sidelines to monitor athletes. However, head-impact–monitoring systems have limited clinical utility due to error rates, designs, and low specificity in predicting concussive injury.
The use of Lespedeza cuneata for natural control of gastrointestinal nematodes in Merino sheep
Authors: Van Zyl Erika A. , Botha Francien S. , Eloff Kobus J.N. , Msuntsha Phumzile P. , Oosthuizen Peter A. , Stevens Cathy
Published: April 2017

Lespedeza cuneata (poorman’s lucerne; sericea lespedeza), a tannin-rich perennial legume, was offered as hay to dry Merino ewes in a confined feeding experiment to evaluate the effect on the level of gastrointestinal parasite infection in sheep. Medicago sativa (a low tannin containing perennial legume) was used as the control treatment. Parameters faecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA© scores and rectal temperatures were used. FECs were substantially lower (p = 0.05) in the Lespedeza group after 35 days, together with a trend of higher rectal temperatures, compared with the Medicago group. Although non-significant (p > 0.05), the higher rectal temperatures suggested a lower level of anaemia in the sheep on the Lespedeza ration and, therefore, a lower parasite-worm burden. However, FAMACHA© scores showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences between treatments despite the differences in FEC that were recorded, indicating that host homeostasis was possibly mediated by improved nutrition as a result of the high protein content of both experimental diets.
High risk of metabolic syndrome among black South African women with severe mental illness
Authors: Saloojee Shamima , Burns Jonathan K. , Motala Ayesha A.
Published: April 2017

Background: There is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) globally. The prevalence of MetS is higher in black women compared to black men from South Africa.Aim: To compare the prevalence of MetS between black South African men and women with SMI taking antipsychotic medication. Further, this prevalence was compared to the prevalence in a matched control group of black South African men and women without SMI. Setting: A general hospital psychiatric unit.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the prevalence of MetS in a group of multi-ethnic participants with SMI treated with antipsychotic medication and a matched control group without SMI, applying the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Here, we included only the black African participants to compare MetS prevalence between men and women.Results: There were 232 participants in the group with SMI (male 155 and female 77) and without SMI (male 156 and female 76). The prevalence of MetS was more than three times higher in women with SMI compared to men with SMI (37.7% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS in men or women between the groups with and without SMI. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender (odds ratio [OR] 7.66), advancing age (OR 1.08) and longer duration of illness (OR = 1.15) were significant risk factors for MetS in SMI.Conclusion: In black South Africans with SMI on antipsychotic medication, there is a higher prevalence and risk for MetS in women compared to men.
Infinite rank spinor and oscillator representations
Authors: Sam Steven V , Snowden Andrew
Published: April 2017

We develop a functorial theory of spinor and oscillator representations parallel to the theory of Schur functors for general linear groups. This continues our work on developing orthogonal and symplectic analogues of Schur functors. As such, there are a few main points in common. We define a category of representations of what might be thought of as the infinite rank pin and metaplectic groups, and give three models of this category in terms of: multilinear algebra, diagram categories, and twisted Lie algebras. We also define specialization functors to the finite rank groups and calculate the derived functors.
Multifraction reduction I: The 3-Ore case and Artin–Tits groups of type FC
Authors: Dehornoy Patrick
Published: April 2017

We describe a new approach to the word problem for Artin–Tits groups and, more generally, for the enveloping group

\mathcal U (M)

of a monoid

M

in which any two elements admit a greatest common divisor. The method relies on a rewrite system

\mathcal R_M

that extends free reduction for free groups. Here we show that, if

M

satisfies what we call the 3-Ore condition about common multiples, what corresponds to type FC in the case of Artin–Tits monoids, then the system

\mathcal R_M

is convergent. Under this assumption, we obtain a unique representation result for the elements of

\mathcal U (M)

, extending Ore’s theorem for groups of fractions and leading to a solution of the word problem of a new type. We also show that there exist universal shapes for the van Kampen diagrams of the words representing 1.
Modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Bukowski Jennie , Posselt Derek J. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Atwood Samuel A.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Maritime Continent (MC) is an exceedingly complex region from the perspective of both its meteorology and its aerosol characteristics. Convection in the MC is ubiquitous and assumes a wide variety of forms under the influence of an evolving large-scale dynamic and thermodynamic context. Understanding the interaction between convective systems and their environment, both individually and in the aggregate, requires knowledge of the dominant patterns of spatial and temporal variability. Ongoing cloud model ensemble studies require realistic perturbations to the atmospheric thermodynamic state to devise system sensitivities. Apart from modeling studies, evanescent signals in the tropical system are obscured by the underlying broad-scale meteorological variability, which if constrained could illuminate fine-scale physical processes. To this end, radiosonde observations from 2008 to 2016 are examined from three upper-air sounding sites within the MC for the purpose of exploring the dominant vertical temperature, humidity, and wind structures in the region. Principal component analysis is applied to the vertical atmospheric column to transform patterns present in radiosonde data into canonical thermodynamic and wind profiles for the MC. Both rotated and non-rotated principal components are considered, and the emerging structure functions reflect the fundamental vertical modes of short-term tropical variability. The results indicate that while there is tremendous spatial and temporal variability across the MC, the primary modes of vertical thermodynamic and wind variability in the region can be represented in a lower-dimensional subspace. In addition, the vertical structures are very similar among different sites around the region, though different structures may manifest more strongly at one location than another. The results indicate that, while different meteorology may be found in various parts of the MC at any given time, the processes themselves are remarkably consistent. The ability to represent this variability using a limited number of structure functions facilitates analysis of covariability between atmospheric structure and convective systems and also enables future systematic model-based ensemble analysis of cloud development, convection, and precipitation over the MC.
Mixing layer height as an indicator for urban air quality?
Authors: Geiß Alexander , Wiegner Matthias , Bonn Boris , Schäfer Klaus , Forkel Renate , von Schneidemesser Erika , Münkel Christoph , Chan Ka Lok , Nothard Rainer
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The mixing layer height (MLH) is a measure for the vertical turbulent exchange within the boundary layer, which is one of the controlling factors for the dilution of pollutants emitted near the ground. Based on continuous MLH measurements with a Vaisala CL51 ceilometer and measurements from an air quality network, the relationship between MLH and near surface pollutant concentrations have been investigated. In this context the uncertainty of the MLH retrievals and the representativeness of ground-based in-situ measurements are crucial. We have investigated this topic by using data from the BAERLIN2014 campaign in Berlin, Germany, conducted during June and August 2014. To derive the MLH three versions of the proprietary software BL-VIEW and a novel approach COBOLT were compared. It was found that the overall agreement is reasonable if mean diurnal cycles are considered. The main advantage of COBOLT is the continuous detection of the MLH with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes and a lower number of cases when the residual layer is misinterpreted as mixing layer. We have calculated correlations between MLH as derived from the different retrievals and concentrations of pollutants (PM10, O3 and NOx) for different locations in the metropolitan area of Berlin. It was found that the correlations with PM10 are quite different for different sites without showing a clear pattern, whereas the correlation with NOx seems to depend on the vicinity of emission sources in main roads. In case of ozone as a secondary pollutant a clear correlation was found. We conclude that the effects of the heterogeneity of the emission sources, chemical processing and mixing during transport exceed the differences due to different MLH retrievals. Moreover, it seems to be unrealistic to find correlations between MLH and near surface pollutant concentrations representative for a city like Berlin, in particular when traffic emissions are dominant. Nevertheless it is worthwhile to use advanced MLH retrievals for ceilometer data, e.g. for the validation of chemical transport models.
Longitudinal variation of equatorial electrojet and the occurrence of its counter electrojet
Authors: Rabiu A. Babatunde , Folarin Olanike Olufunmilayo , Uozumi Teiji , Abdul Hamid Nurul Shazana , Yoshikawa Akimasa
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We examined the longitudinal variability of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and the occurrence of its counter electrojet (CEJ) using the available records of the horizontal component H of the geomagnetic field simultaneously recorded in the year 2009 (mean annual sunspot number Rz  =  3.1) along the magnetic equator in the South American, African, and Philippine sectors. Our results indicate that the EEJ undergoes variability from one longitudinal representative station to another, with the strongest EEJ of about 192.5 nT at the South American axis at Huancayo and a minimum peak of 40.7 nT at Ilorin in western Africa. Obtained longitudinal inequality in the EEJ was explicable in terms of the effects of local winds, dynamics of migratory tides, propagating diurnal tide, and meridional winds. The African stations of Ilorin and Addis Ababa registered the greatest % of CEJ occurrence. Huancayo in South America, with the strongest electrojet strength, was found to have the least occurrence of the CEJ. It is suggested that activities that support strong EEJ inhibits the occurrence of the CEJ. Percentage of occurrence of the CEJ varied with seasons across the longitudes. The order of seasonal variation of morning occurrence does not tally with the evening occurrence order at any station. A semiannual equinoctial maximum in percentage of morning occurrence of the CEJ was obtained at Huancayo and Addis Ababa. Only Addis Ababa recorded equal equinoctial maxima in percentage of evening occurrence of the CEJ. The seasonal distribution of the occurrences of the CEJ at different time regimes implies a seasonal variability of causative mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of the CEJ.
The effects of different environmental factors on the biochemical composition of particulate organic matter in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea
Authors: Lee Jang Han , Lee Dabin , Kang Jae Joong , Joo Hui Tae , Lee Jae Hyung , Lee Ho Won , Ahn So Hyun , Kang Chang Keun , Lee Sang Heon
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The biochemical composition of particulate organic matter (POM) produced through phytoplankton photosynthesis is important in determining food quality for planktonic consumers as well as the physiological conditions of phytoplankton. Major environmental factors controlling the biochemical composition were seasonally investigated in Gwangyang Bay, South Korea, which has only natural conditions (e.g., no artificial dams). Water samples for the biochemical compositions were obtained from three different light depths (100, 30, and 1 %) mainly at three sites in Gwangyang Bay from April 2012 to April 2013. Different biochemical classes (carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) were extracted, and then the concentrations were determined by the optical density measured with a spectrophotometer. The highest and lowest PRT compositions among the three biochemical classes were found in April 2012 (58.0 %) and August 2012 (21.2 %), whereas the highest and lowest LIP compositions were found in August 2012 (49.0 %) and April 2012 (24.8 %), respectively. The CHO composition was recorded as high in January 2013 and remained above 25 % during the study period. The calorific contents of the food material (FM) ranged from 1.0 to 6.1 Kcal m−3 (annual average ± SD  =  2.8 ± 1.1 Kcal m−3). Based on a Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, a major governing factor in the biochemical composition of POM was dissolved inorganic nitrogen loading from the river input in Gwangyang Bay. In conclusion, a relatively larger amount of FM and the higher calorific contents of POM found in this study compared to other regions reflected good nutritive conditions for sustaining productive shellfish and fish populations in Gwangyang Bay. Continuous observations are needed to monitor the marine ecosystem response to potential environmental perturbations in Gwangyang Bay.
Development and performance of a new version of the OASIS coupler, OASIS3-MCT_3.0
Authors: Craig Anthony , Valcke Sophie , Coquart Laure
Published: April 2017

Abstract. OASIS is coupling software developed primarily for use in the climate community. It provides the ability to couple different models with low implementation and performance overhead. OASIS3-MCT is the latest version of OASIS. It includes several improvements compared to OASIS3 including elimination of a separate hub coupler, full parallellisation of the coupling communication and grid interpolation, and the ability to easily reuse mapping weights files. OASIS3-MCT_3.0 is the latest release and includes the ability to couple between components running sequentially on the same set of tasks as well as to couple within a single component between different grids or decompositions such as physics, dynamics, and I/O. OASIS3-MCT has been tested with different configurations on up to 32 000 processes, with components running on high-resolution grids with up to 1.5 million grid cells, and with over 10 000 two dimensional coupling fields.