bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Double-Vessel Coronary Thrombosis with Sudden Cardiac Arrest as the First Manifestation of COVID-19
Authors: Jokšić-Mazinjanin Radojka , Marić Nikolina , Đuričin Aleksandar , Bjelobrk Marija , Bjelić Snežana , Trajković Miloš , Kovačević Mila
Published: December 2023

The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and myocardial injury was established at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An increase in the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was also observed. This case report aims to point to the prothrombotic and proinflammatory nature of coronavirus infection, leading to simultaneous coronary vessel thrombosis and subsequently to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a 46-year-old male patient with no comorbidities suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with ventricular fibrillation as the first recorded rhythm. The applied cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) measures initiated by bystanders and continued by emergency medical service (EMS) resulted in the return of spontaneous circulation. The stabilized patient was transferred to the tertiary university center. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed “lambda-like” ST-segment elevation in DI and aVL leads, necessitating an immediate coronary angiography, which demonstrated simultaneous occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the implantation of one drug-eluting stent (DES) in LAD and two DES in RCA was done. Due to the presence of cardiogenic shock (SCAI C), an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was implanted during the procedure, and due to the comatose state and shockable cardiac arrest, targeted temperature management was initiated. The baseline chest X-ray revealed bilateral interstitial infiltrates, followed by increased proinflammatory markers and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demasking underlying COVID-19-related pneumonia. Within the following 48 h, the patient was hemodynamically stable, which enabled weaning from IABP and vasopressor discontinuation. However, due to the worsening of COVID-19 pneumonia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, together with antibiotics and other supportive measures, was needed. The applied therapy resulted in clinical improvement, and the patient was extubated and finally discharged on Day 26, with no neurological sequelae and with mildly reduced left ventricle ejection fraction.
Effect of Interpectoral-Pectoserratus Plane (PECS II) Block on Recovery Room Discharge Time in Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Malachauskiené Laima , Bhavsar Rajesh Prabhakar , Waldemar Jacob , Strøm Thomas
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: The increase in the incidence and diagnosis rate of breast cancer demands the optimization of resources. The aim of this study was to assess whether the supplementation of the interpectoral-pectoserratus plane block (PECS II) reduces surgery and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) time in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective data-analysis study. In 2016, PECS II block was introduced as a supplement to general anesthesia for all mastectomies with or without axillary resections in South Jutland regional hospital, Denmark. The perioperative data of patients operated 3 years before and 3 years after 2016 was retrieved through the Danish anesthesia database and patient journals and systematically analyzed. Female patients aged over 18 years, with no use of muscle relaxant, intubation, and inhalation agents, were included. The eligible data was organized into two groups, i.e., Block and Control, where the Block group received PECS II Block, while the Control group received only general anesthesia. Parameters such as surgery time, anesthesia time, PACU time, opioid consumption, and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in PACU were retrieved and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 172 patients out of 358 patients met eligibility criteria. After applying exclusion criteria, 65 patients were filtered out. A total of 107 patients, 51 from the Block and 56 from the Control group, were eligible for the final analysis. The patients were comparable in demographic parameters. The median surgery time was significantly less in the Block group (78 min (60–99)) in comparison to the Control group (98.5 min (77.5–139.5) p < 0.0045). Consequently, the median anesthesia time was also shorter in the Block group (140 min (115–166)) vs. the Control group (160 min (131.5 to 188), p < 0.0026). Patients from the Block group had significantly lower intraoperative fentanyl consumption (60 µg (30–100)) as compared with the Control group (132.5 µg (80–232.5), p < 0.0001). The total opioid consumption during the entire procedure (converted to morphine) was significantly lower in the Block group (16.37 mg (8–23.6)) as compared with the Control group (31.17 mg (16–46.5), p < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference was found in the PACU time, incidences of PONV, and postoperative pain. Conclusions: The interpectoral-pectoserratus plane (PECS II) block supplementation reduces surgery time, anesthesia time, and opioid consumption but not PACU time during breast cancer surgery.
Evidence of Age Estimation Procedures in Forensic Dentistry: Results from an Umbrella Review
Authors: Neves João Albernaz , Lopes Luísa Bandeira , Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Delgado Ana Sintra , Mendes José João
Published: December 2023

Background and objective: Age estimation is an important tool when dealing with human remains or undocumented minors. Although the skull, the skeleton or the hand-wrist are used in age estimation as maturity indicators, they often present a lack of good conditions for a correct identification or estimation. Few systematic reviews (SRs) have been recently published; therefore, this umbrella review critically assesses their level of evidence and provides a general, comprehensive view. Materials and methods: Considering the review question “What is the current evidence on age determination approaches in Forensic Dentistry?” an electronic database search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Cochrane, WoS, LILACS) up to December 2022, focusing on SRs of age estimation through forensic dentistry procedures. The methodological quality was analyzed using the measurement tool to assess SRs criteria (AMSTAR2). Results: Eighteen SRs were included: five of critically low quality, six of low quality, three of moderate quality and four of high quality. The SRs posited that Willems’ method is more accurate and less prone to overestimation; most methods seem to be geographically sensitive; and 3D-imaging and artificial intelligence tools demonstrate high potential. Conclusions: The quality of evidence on age estimation using dental approaches was rated as low to moderate. Well-designed clinical trials and high-standard systematic reviews are essential to corroborate the accuracy of the different procedures for age estimation in forensic dentistry.
Mineral Magnetic Modification of Fine Iron Ore Tailings and Their Beneficiation in Alternating Magnetic Fields
Authors: Dudchenko Nataliia , Ponomar Vitalii , Ovsiienko Volodymyr , Cherevko Yurii , Perelshtein Ilana
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the properties, mineral magnetic modification, and beneficiation of tailings from the central mining and processing plant in Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, have been studied. Samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, microscopy, and magnetization measurements. The beneficiation was conducted using magnetizing roasting with carbon monoxide followed by dry low-intensity magnetic separation. The effects of chemical, mineral, and granulometric composition on the processing of fine tailings of different sizes sampled at different points of the tailings pond were investigated. Additionally, we proposed a new approach for magnetic separation of fine magnetically modified tailings based on the combination of permanent and alternating magnetic fields. Magnetizing roasting resulted in an enhancement in mass magnetization to 11–62 Am2/kg in comparison with initial values of 0.3–1.5 Am2/kg. After magnetic separation, the magnetic concentrates consisted almost completely of magnetite (with the magnetization of 75–88 Am2/kg) and non-magnetic residues contained major quartz. The content of iron in magnetic concentrates reached 68.5–70.2 wt.% and iron recovery 77–96 wt.%, depending on size fraction. We could conclude that the tailings are represented by fine-grained liberated material that can be effectively upgraded using magnetizing roasting and magnetic separation into two valuable products, such as iron concentrate and quartz powder.
Analyzing the Tribology of High-Entropy Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Ujah Chika Oliver , Kallon Daramy Vandi Von , Aigbodion Victor S.
Published: December 2023

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are prospective advanced materials for the production of components that operate at high, severe friction and in high-temperature environments. This is because they possess unique properties requisite for such applications. Hence, this study was aimed at reviewing most recent publications on the tribological characteristics of HEAs processed with spark plasma sintering (SPS). The choice of SPS was because it impacts alloys with a homogenous microstructure, high wear resistance, densely packed grains, and nanocrystalline microstructure. The resource materials for this study were obtained from the Scopus-indexed journal/Google Scholar website for articles published within the last five years. From the study, it was observed that HEAs have good tribological properties which permit their prospective usage in the production of strength-demanding, wear-demanding, and temperature-demanding components. The addition of BCC-forming and FCC-forming elements would help in improving the wear properties of HEAs. It was also observed from the literature that the incorporation of post-processing treatment, laser cladding, shot peening, or the coating of SPSed composites would increase the effective performance and durability of HEAs prepared with SPS.
A Gas Flow Measurement System Based on Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Zhihao , Zhang Jiahuan , Li Dongxiao , Dou Hanjie , Wu Pengfan , Yang Jiaqian , Zhang Wangyang , Mu Xiaojing
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic flowmeter is one of the most widely used devices in flow measurement. Traditional bulk piezoelectric ceramic transducers restrict their application to small pipe diameters. In this paper, we propose an ultrasonic gas flowmeter based on a PZT piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array. Two PMUT arrays with a resonant frequency of 125 kHz are used as the sensitive elements of the ultrasonic gas flowmeter to realize alternate transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals. The sensor contains 5 × 5 circular elements with a size of 3.7 × 3.7 mm2. An FPGA with a resolution of ns is used to process the received signal, and a flow system with overlapping acoustic paths and flow paths is designed. Compared with traditional measurement methods, the sensitivity is greatly improved. The flow system achieves high-precision measurement of gas flow in a 20 mm pipe diameter. The flow measurement range is 0.5–7 m/s and the relative error of correction is within 4%.
Using Electroporation to Improve and Accelerate Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Testing
Authors: Tazin Nusrat , Stevenson Tamara J. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Gale Bruce K.
Published: December 2023

Zebrafish have emerged as a useful model for biomedical research and have been used in environmental toxicology studies. However, the presence of the chorion during the embryo stage limits cellular exposure to toxic elements and creates the possibility of a false-negative or reduced sensitivity in fish embryo toxicity testing (FET). This paper presents the use of electroporation as a technique to improve the delivery of toxic elements inside the chorion, increasing the exposure level of the toxins at an early embryo stage (<3 h post-fertilization). A custom-made electroporation device with the required electrical circuitry has been developed to position embryos between electrodes that provide electrical pulses to expedite the entry of molecules inside the chorion. The optimized parameters facilitate material entering into the chorion without affecting the survival rate of the embryos. The effectiveness of the electroporation system is demonstrated using Trypan blue dye and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 20–40 nm). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of controlling the concentration of dye and nanoparticles delivered inside the chorion by optimizing the electrical parameters, including pulse width, pulse number, and amplitude. Next, we tested silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 10 nm), a commonly used toxin that can lower mortality, affect heart rate, and cause phenotypic defects. We found that electroporation of AgNPs reduces the exposure time required for toxicity testing from 4 days to hours. Electroporation for FET can provide rapid entry of potential toxins into zebrafish embryos, reducing the time required for toxicity testing and drug delivery experiments.
Enhanced Expression of Alcohol Dehydrogenase I in Pichia pastoris Reduces the Content of Acetaldehyde in Wines
Authors: Geng Kun , Lin Ying , Zheng Xueyun , Li Cheng , Chen Shuting , Ling He , Yang Jun , Zhu Xiangyu , Liang Shuli
Published: December 2023

Acetaldehyde is an important carbonyl compound commonly detected in wines. A high concentration of acetaldehyde can affect the flavor of wines and result in adverse effects on human health. Alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADH1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes the reduction reaction of acetaldehyde into ethanol in the presence of cofactors, showing the potential to reduce the content of acetaldehyde in wines. In this study, ADH1 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 based on codon optimization. Then, the expression level of ADH1 was enhanced by replacing its promoter with optimized promoters and increasing the copy number of the expression cassette, with ADH1 being purified using nickel column affinity chromatography. The enzymatic activity of purified ADH1 reached 605.44 ± 44.30 U/mg. The results of the effect of ADH1 on the content of acetaldehyde in wine revealed that the acetaldehyde content of wine samples was reduced from 168.05 ± 0.55 to 113.17 ± 6.08 mg/L with the addition of 5 mM NADH and the catalysis of ADH1, and from 135.53 ± 4.08 to 52.89 ± 2.20 mg/L through cofactor regeneration. Our study provides a novel approach to reducing the content of acetaldehyde in wines through enzymatic catalysis.
The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State, a Poorly Explored Aspect of Beneficial Bacteria
Authors: Pazos-Rojas Laura Abisaí , Cuellar-Sánchez Alma , Romero-Cerón Ana Laura , Rivera-Urbalejo América , Van Dillewijn Pieter , Luna-Vital Diego Armando , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús , Morales-García Yolanda Elizabeth , Bustillos-Cristales María del Rocío
Published: December 2023

Many bacteria have the ability to survive in challenging environments; however, they cannot all grow on standard culture media, a phenomenon known as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Bacteria commonly enter the VBNC state under nutrient-poor environments or under stressful conditions. This review explores the concept of the VBNC state, providing insights into the beneficial bacteria known to employ this strategy. The investigation covers different chemical and physical factors that can induce the latency state, cell features, and gene expression observed in cells in the VBNC state. The review also covers the significance and applications of beneficial bacteria, methods of evaluating bacterial viability, the ability of bacteria to persist in environments associated with higher organisms, and the factors that facilitate the return to the culturable state. Knowledge about beneficial bacteria capable of entering the VBNC state remains limited; however, beneficial bacteria in this state could face adverse environmental conditions and return to a culturable state when the conditions become suitable and continue to exert their beneficial effects. Likewise, this unique feature positions them as potential candidates for healthcare applications, such as the use of probiotic bacteria to enhance human health, applications in industrial microbiology for the production of prebiotics and functional foods, and in the beer and wine industry. Moreover, their use in formulations to increase crop yields and for bacterial bioremediation offers an alternative pathway to harness their beneficial attributes.
Impact of Ecological Restoration on the Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Communities in Alpine Mining Area Soils
Authors: Kong Lingjian , Zhang Lin , Wang Yingnan , Huang Zhanbin
Published: December 2023

Ecological restoration has notably impacted microbe and soil characteristics in abandoned open pit mines, especially in alpine regions. Yet, the adaptive responses of microbial communities in the initial years of mine site restoration remain largely unexplored. This study endeavors to offer a thorough comprehension of soil properties and microbial dynamics during the initial phases of alpine mining land reclamation. It places emphasis on physicochemical properties and microbial community composition and evaluates the feasibility of phytoremediation, along with proposing subsequent measures. Our study employs spatial sequence instead of time-sequenceal sequence to investigate early-stage changes in soil microbes and physicochemical properties in alpine mining land reclamation. We used high-throughput sequencing for the 16S rRNA amplicon study. Over time, soil physicochemical properties improved noticeably. Soil pH shifted from neutral to alkaline (7.04–8.0), while soil electrical conductivity (EC) decreased to 77 μS·cm−1 in R_6a. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) initially decreased from R_2a (12.30–27.98 cmol·kg−1) and then increased. Soil organic matter increased from 17.7 to 43.2 g·kg−1 over time during mine reclamation and restoration. The dominant bacterial community consisted of Proteobacteria (33.94% to 52.09%), Acidobacteriota (4.94% to 15.88%), Bacteroidota (6.52% to 11.15%), Actinobacteriota (7.18% to 9.61%), and Firmicutes (4.52% to 16.80%) with varying relative abundances. Gene annotation of sequences from various reclamation years revealed general function prediction, translation, ribosome structure, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, nucleotide translocation, and metabolism, along with other related functions. Mine reclamation improved soil fertility and properties, with the R_6a treatment being the most effective. Starting in the 2nd year of reclamation, the effective phosphorus content and the dominance of microbial bacteria, notably the Bacillus content, decreased. Firmicute fertilization promoted phosphorus and bacterial growth. In conclusion, employing a blend of sequencing and experimental approaches, our study unveils early-stage enhancements in soil microbial and physicochemical properties during the reclamation of alpine mining areas. The results underscore the beneficial impacts of vegetation restoration on key properties, including soil fertility, pore structure, and bacterial community composition. Special attention is given to assessing the effectiveness of the R_6a treatment and identifying deficiencies in the R_2a treatment. It serves as a reference for addressing the challenges associated with soil fertility and microbial community structure restoration in high-altitude mining areas in Qinghai–Tibet. This holds great significance for soil and water conservation as well as vegetation restoration in alpine mining regions. Furthermore, it supports the sustainable restoration of local ecosystems.
Old Sulfidic Ore Tailing Dump: Ground Features, Mineralogy, Biodiversity—A Case Study from Sibay, Russia
Authors: Muravyov Maxim , Radchenko Dmitry , Tsupkina Maria , Babenko Vladislav , Panyushkina Anna
Published: December 2023

The Urals (Russia) are among the largest mining areas in the world, with millions of tons of mine waste deposited. An old sulfidic tailing dump formed over decades of mining activities at the Sibay ore-processing plant is a typical cause of acid mine drainage (AMD) formation, posing a threat to ecosystems of neighboring environments. In this study, the formation of oxidized surface soil layers in four zones of the Sibay tailing dump was revealed, and their chemical–mineralogical and physical–mechanical characteristics were analyzed. According to the results of the metabarcoding of hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes, oxidation in soil layers was associated with the activity of sulfur- and iron-oxidizing acidophiles represented by a few genera: Ferroacidibacillus, Sulfoacidibacillus, Sulfobacillus, and Ferroplasma. The structure of the microbial communities in soil layers differed depending on the zone and depth of sampling. In the samples characterized by the weak oxidation of sulfide minerals, microbial communities were dominated by bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. The data obtained in this research are of importance to predict the oxidation/leaching processes in mine wastes and their negative environmental impacts in the mining region, as well as to develop technologies for processing these raw materials.
Reconstructive Methodology in the Synthesis of 2-Aminopurine
Authors: Neymash Artyom O. , Ulomsky Evgeny N. , Fedotov Victor V. , Aminov Semen V. , Lyapustin Daniil N. , Gorbunov Evgeny B. , Ishimnikov Vladislav A. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Rusinov Vladimir L.
Published: December 2023

A fundamentally new synthetic approach to the synthesis of 2-aminopurine has been developed. It consists in the combination of the creation of a condensed polyazotic heterocyclic tetrazolopyrimidine structure, its transformation into triaminopyrimidine, and its subsequent cyclization into 2-aminopurine. The structure of the obtained compounds was established based on spectral characteristics, and the structure of the intermediate compound 5 was established directly by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Stable Supercapacitors Based on Activated Carbon Prepared from Italian Orange Juice
Authors: Scarcello Andrea , Alessandro Francesca , Cruz Salazar Yolenny , Arias Polanco Melvin , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Tene Talia , Guevara Marco , Bellucci Stefano , Straface Salvatore , Caputi Lorenzo S.
Published: December 2023

The development of efficient energy storage systems is critical in the transition towards sustainable energy solutions. In this context, the present work investigates the viability of using orange juice, as a promising and sustainable precursor, for the synthesis of activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitor technologies. Through the carbonization-activation process and controlling the preparation parameters (KOH ratio and activation time), we have tailored the specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution (PSD) of the resulting carbon materials—crucial parameters that support supercapacitive performance. Several spectroscopic, morphological, and electrochemical techniques are used to characterize the obtained carbon materials. In particular, our optimization efforts revealed that a 5:1 KOH ratio with an activation time up to 120 min produced the highest SSA of about 2203 m2/g. Employing these optimal conditions, we fabricated symmetric coin cell supercapacitors using Na2SO4 as the electrolyte, which exhibited interesting specific capacitance (~56 F/g). Durability testing over 5000 cycles sustained the durability of the as-made activated carbon electrodes, suggesting an excellent retention of specific capacitance. This study not only advances the field of energy storage by introducing a renewable material for electrode fabrication but also contributes to the broader goal of waste reduction through the repurposing of food byproducts.
MiR-4646-5p Acts as a Tumor-Suppressive Factor in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Targets the Cholesterol Transport Protein GRAMD1B
Authors: Jonas Katharina , Prinz Felix , Ferracin Manuela , Krajina Katarina , Deutsch Alexander , Madl Tobias , Rinner Beate , Slaby Ondrej , Klec Christiane , Pichler Martin
Published: December 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and their deregulation contributes to many aspects of cancer development and progression. Thus, miRNAs provide insight into oncogenic mechanisms and represent promising targets for new therapeutic approaches. A type of cancer that is still in urgent need of improved treatment options is triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, we aimed to characterize a novel miRNA with a potential role in TNBC. Based on a previous study, we selected miR-4646-5p, a miRNA with a still unknown function in breast cancer. We discovered that higher expression of miR-4646-5p in TNBC patients is associated with better survival. In vitro assays showed that miR-4646-5p overexpression reduces growth, proliferation, and migration of TNBC cell lines, whereas inhibition had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we found that miR-4646-5p inhibits the tube formation ability of endothelial cells, which may indicate anti-angiogenic properties. By whole transcriptome analysis, we not only observed that miR-4646-5p downregulates many oncogenic factors, like tumor-promoting cytokines and migration- and invasion-related genes, but were also able to identify a direct target, the GRAM domain-containing protein 1B (GRAMD1B). GRAMD1B is involved in cellular cholesterol transport and its knockdown phenocopied the growth-reducing effects of miR-4646-5p. We thus conclude that GRAMD1B may partly contribute to the diverse tumor-suppressive effects of miR-4646-5p in TNBC.
Selenium-Enriched Soybean Peptides as Novel Organic Selenium Compound Supplements: Inhibition of Occupational Air Pollution Exposure-Induced Apoptosis in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Wenhui , Li He , Liu Wanlu , Li Lu , Liu Xinqi
Published: December 2023

The occupational groups exposed to air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, are closely linked to the initiation and advancement of respiratory disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective properties of selenium-enriched soybean peptides (Se-SPeps), a novel Se supplement, in mitigating apoptosis triggered by PM2.5 in A549 lung epithelial cells. The results indicate a concentration-dependent reduction in the viability of A549 cells caused by PM2.5, while Se-SPeps at concentrations of 62.5–500 µg/mL showed no significant effect. Additionally, the Se-SPeps reduced the production of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis in response to PM2.5 exposure. The Se-SPeps suppressed the PM2.5-induced upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3, while also restoring reductions in p-Akt in A549 cells. The antiapoptotic effects of Se-SPeps have been found to be more effective compared to SPeps, SeMet, and Na2SeO3 when evaluated at an equivalent protein or Se concentration. Our study results furnish evidence that supports the role of Se-SPeps in reducing the harmful effects of PM2.5, particularly in relation to its effect on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
The Impact of Free and Added Sugars on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gillespie Kerri M. , White Melanie J. , Kemps Eva , Moore Halim , Dymond Alexander , Bartlett Selena E.
Published: December 2023

A relationship between excessive sugar consumption and cognitive function has been described in animal models, but the specific effects of sugars in humans remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the current knowledge, research characteristics, and quality of evidence of studies investigating the impacts of free and added sugars on human cognition in healthy participants. The review identified 77 studies (65 experimental trials, n = 3831; 9 cross-sectional studies, n = 11,456; and 3 cohort studies, n = 2059). All cohort studies and eight of the nine cross-sectional studies found significant positive correlations between added sugar consumption and risk of cognitive impairment. Four studies identified reduced risk of cognitive impairment associated with natural fructose-containing foods. The majority of randomised control trials assessed short-term glucose facilitation effects on cognitive outcomes. The results from these studies suggest the need for a tightly regulated blood glucose level, dependent on individualised physiological factors, for optimal cognitive function. A meta-analysis of a subset of studies that assessed the impact of glucose on recall found improvements in immediate free recall compared to controls (p = 0.002). The findings highlight the potentially detrimental effect of excessive, long-term, or prenatal added sugar consumption on cognitive function. Further research is needed to examine the specific effects of free and added sugars on cognitive function.
Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-Communicable Diseases
Authors: Amerikanou Charalampia , Tzavara Chara , Kaliora Andriana C.
Published: December 2023

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with the four major contributors being cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes [...]
A Flow Cytometry Study of the Binding and Stimulation Potential of Inactivated Trypanosoma evansi toward Dromedary Camel Leukocytes
Authors: Hussen Jamal , AL-Jabr Omar A. , Alkuwayti Mayyadah Abdullah , Alrabiah Noof Abdulrahman , Falemban Baraa , Alouffi Abdulaziz , Al Salim Waleed S. , Kamyingkird Ketsarin , Desquesnes Marc
Published: December 2023

Surra, a wasting disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is one of the major animal health burdens in camel-rearing countries, imposing significant economic losses due to reduced fertility and high mortality rates. The present study used inactivated T. evansi (from the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomes/Trypanosoma evansi; CATT/T. evansi) and flow cytometry to investigate their binding and activation potential toward camel leukocyte subsets. Labeling T. evansi with propidium iodide (PI) enabled their flow cytometric enumeration and identification with forward scatter (FSC; indicative for cell size) and side scatter (SSC; indicative for cell internal complexity) characteristics that are comparable with values reported for Trypanosoma cruzi. The incubation of PI-labeled non-opsonized T. evansi with camel leukocyte populations revealed that camel monocytes have the highest potential to bind T. evansi, followed by granulocytes and lymphocytes. The identification of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on camel immune cells and the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in T. evansi that are responsible for this different binding capacity requires further studies. Stimulation of camel neutrophils with Trypanosoma evansi induced shape change, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)-formation. To ensure that T. evansi, in the parasite concentration used in this study, is not apoptotic or necrotic to camel leukocytes, we evaluated cell apoptosis and necrosis after stimulation with T. evansi. The results revealed no impact of T. evansi stimulation for 2 h on the cell viability of camel leukocytes. Subsequent work may focus on the diagnostic employment of labeled T. evansi and flow cytometry for the detection of anti-Trypanosoma antibodies in camel serum. In addition, more efforts should be deployed to investigate the host–pathogen interaction mechanisms and the escape mechanisms of T. evansi in camels. To complete these data, further studies using the living or freshly killed parasites could also be implemented in camels and/or horses.
An In Silico Investigation of the Molecular Interactions between Volatile Anesthetics and Actin
Authors: Truglia Barbara , Carbone Nicola , Ghadre Ibrahim , Vallero Sara , Zito Marinella , Zizzi Eric Adriano , Deriu Marco Agostino , Tuszynski J. A.
Published: December 2023

Volatile anesthetics (VAs) are medicinal chemistry compounds commonly used to enable surgical procedures for patients who undergo painful treatments and can be partially or fully sedated, remaining in an unconscious state during the operation. The specific molecular mechanism of anesthesia is still an open issue, but scientific evidence supports the hypothesis of the involvement of both putative hydrophobic cavities in membrane receptors as binding pockets and interactions between anesthetics and cytoplasmic proteins. Previous studies demonstrated the binding of VAs to tubulin. Since actin is the other major component of the cytoskeleton, this study involves an investigation of its interactions with four major anesthetics: halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Molecular docking was implemented using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software (version 2022.02) and applied to a G-actin monomer, extrapolating the relative binding affinities and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values. A comparison with the F-actin was also made to assess if the generally accepted idea about the enhanced F-to-G-actin transformation during anesthesia is warranted. Overall, our results confirm the solvent-like behavior of anesthetics, as evidenced by Van der Waals interactions as well as the relevant hydrogen bonds formed in the case of isoflurane and sevoflurane. Also, a comparison of the interactions of anesthetics with tubulin was made. Finally, the short- and long-term effects of anesthetics are discussed for their possible impact on the occurrence of mental disorders.
Overview of Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications of Reactive Electrospinning and Crosslinking Techniques of Polymeric Nanofibers with Highlights on Their Biocompatibility Testing and Regulatory Aspects
Authors: Younes Husam , Kadavil Hana , Ismail Hesham , Adib Sandi , Zamani Somayeh , Alany Raid , Al-Kinani Ali
Published: December 2023

Traditional electrospinning is a promising technique for fabricating nanofibers for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. The method is highly efficient in producing nanofibers with morphology and porosity similar to the extracellular matrix. Nonetheless, and in many instances, the process has faced several limitations, including weak mechanical strength, large diameter distributions, and scaling-up difficulties of its fabricated electrospun nanofibers. The constraints of the polymer solution’s intrinsic properties are primarily responsible for these limitations. Reactive electrospinning constitutes a novel and modified electrospinning techniques developed to overcome those challenges and improve the properties of the fabricated fibers intended for various biomedical applications. This review mainly addresses reactive electrospinning techniques, a relatively new approach for making in situ or post-crosslinked nanofibers. It provides an overview of and discusses the recent literature about chemical and photoreactive electrospinning, their various techniques, their biomedical applications, and FDA regulatory aspects related to their approval and marketing. Another aspect highlighted in this review is the use of crosslinking and reactive electrospinning techniques to enhance the fabricated nanofibers’ physicochemical and mechanical properties and make them more biocompatible and tailored for advanced intelligent drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
Mineral Particles in Foliar Fertilizer Formulations Can Improve the Rate of Foliar Uptake
Authors: Pimentel Carlos , Pina Carlos M. , Müller Nora , Lara Luis Adrián , Melo Rodriguez Gabriela , Orlando Fabrizio , Schoelkopf Joachim , Fernández Victoria
Published: December 2023

The application of foliar sprays of suspensions of relatively insoluble essential element salts is gradually becoming common, chiefly with the introduction of nano-technology approaches in agriculture. However, there is controversy about the effectiveness of such sparingly soluble nutrient sources as foliar fertilizers. In this work, we focussed on analysing the effect of adding Ca-carbonate (calcite, CaCO3) micro- and nano-particles as model sparingly soluble mineral compounds to foliar fertilizer formulations in terms of increasing the rate of foliar absorption. For these purposes, we carried out short-term foliar application experiments by treating leaves of species with variable surface features and wettability rates. The leaf absorption efficacy of foliar formulations containing a surfactant and model soluble nutrient sources, namely Ca-chloride (CaCl2), magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), potassium nitrate (KNO3), or zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), was evaluated alone or after addition of calcite particles. In general, the combination of the Ca-carbonate particles with an essential element salt had a synergistic effect and improved the absorption of Ca and the nutrient element provided. In light of the positive effects of using calcite particles as foliar formulation adjuvants, dolomite nano- and micro-particles were also tested as foliar formulation additives, and the results were also positive in terms of increasing foliar uptake. The observed nutrient element foliar absorption efficacy can be partially explained by geochemical modelling, which enabled us to predict how these formulations will perform at least in chemical terms. Our results show the major potential of adding mineral particles as foliar formulation additives, but the associated mechanisms of action and possible additional benefits to plants should be characterised in future investigations.
Nitrogen Deposition Amplifies the Legacy Effects of Plant Invasion
Authors: Cui Miaomiao , Yu Haochen , Fan Xue , Nawaz Mohsin , Lian Junjie , Liu Shihong , Zhu Zhaoqi , Zhang Haiyan , Du Daolin , Ren Guangqian
Published: December 2023

The legacy effects of invasive plant species can hinder the recovery of native communities, especially under nitrogen deposition conditions, where invasive species show growth advantages and trigger secondary invasions in controlled areas. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the effects of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions and their mechanisms. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: (1) Nitrogen deposition amplifies the legacy effects of plant invasion. This phenomenon was investigated by analysing four potential mechanisms covering community system structure, nitrogen metabolism, geochemical cycles, and microbial mechanisms. The results suggest that microorganisms drive plant–soil feedback processes, even regulating or limiting other factors. (2) The impact of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions may be intensified primarily through enhanced nitrogen metabolism via microbial anaerobes bacteria. Essential insights into invasion ecology and ecological management have been provided by analysing how nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve nitrogen metabolism and establish sustainable methods for controlling invasive plant species. This in-depth study contributes to our better understanding of the lasting effects of plant invasions on ecosystems and provides valuable guidance for future ecological management.
Exploring Genetics by Environment Interactions in Some Rice Genotypes across Varied Environmental Conditions
Authors: Ghazy Mohamed I. , Abdelrahman Mohamed , El-Agoury Roshdy Y. , El-hefnawy Tamer M. , EL-Naem Sabry A. , Daher Elhousini M. , Rehan Medhat
Published: December 2023

Rice production faces challenges related to diverse climate change processes. Heat stress combined with low humidity, water scarcity, and salinity are the foremost threats in its cultivation. The present investigation aimed at identifying the most resilient rice genotypes with yield stability to cope with the current waves of climate change. A total of 34 rice genotypes were exposed to multilocation trials. These locations had different environmental conditions, mainly normal, heat stress with low humidity, and salinity-affected soils. The genotypes were assessed for their yield stability under these conditions. The newly developed metan package of R-studio was employed to perform additive main effects and multiplicative interactions modelling and genotype-by-environment modelling. The results indicated that there were highly significant differences among the tested genotypes and environments. The main effects of the environments accounted for the largest portion of the total yield sum of squared deviations, while different sets of genotypes showed good performance in different environments. AMMI1 and GGE biplots confirmed that Giza179 was the highest-yielding genotype, whereas Giza178 was considered the most-adopted and highest-yielding genotype across environments. These findings were further confirmed by the which–won–where analysis, which explained that Giza178 has the greatest adaptability to the different climatic conditions under study. While Giza179 was the best under normal environments, N22 recorded the uppermost values under heat stress coupled with low humidity, and GZ1968-S-5-4 manifested superior performance regarding salinity-affected soils. Giza 177 was implicated regarding harsh environments. The mean vs. stability-based rankings indicated that the highest-ranked genotypes were Giza179 > Giza178 > IET1444 > IR65600-77 > GZ1968-S-5-4 > N22 > IR11L236 > IR12G3213. Among them, Giza178, IR65600-77, and IR12G3213 were the most stable genotypes. Furthermore, these results were confirmed by cluster-analysis-based stability indices. A significant and positive correlation was detected between the overall yield under all the environments with panicle length, number of panicles per plant, and thousand grain weight. Our study sheds light on the notion that the Indica/Japonica and Indica types have greater stability potential over the Japonica ones, as well as the potential utilization of genotypes with wide adaptability, stability, and high yield, such as Giza178, in the breeding programs for climate change resilience in rice.
Phytohormone Production by the Endophyte Bacillus safensis TS3 Increases Plant Yield and Alleviates Salt Stress
Authors: Chebotar Vladimir K. , Zaplatkin Alexander N. , Chizhevskaya Elena P. , Gancheva Maria S. , Voshol Gerben P. , Malfanova Natalia V. , Baganova Maria E. , Khomyakov Yuriy V. , Pishchik Veronika N.
Published: December 2023

Endophytic bacteria can be used to overcome the effect of salinity stress and promote plant growth and nutrient uptake. Bacillus safensis colonizes a wide range of habitats due to survival in extreme environments and unique physiological characteristics, such as a high tolerance for salt, heavy metals, and ultraviolet and gamma radiations. The aim of our study was to examine the salt resistance of the endophytic strain TS3 B. safensis and its ability to produce phytohormones and verify its effect on plant yield in field trials and the alleviation of salt stress in pot experiments. We demonstrate that the strain TS3 is capable of producing enzymes and phytohormones such as IAA, ABA and tZ. In pot experiments with radish and oat plants in salinization, the strain TS3 contributed to the partial removal of the negative effect of salinization. The compensatory effect of the strain TS3 on radish plants during salinization was 46.7%, and for oats, it was 108%. We suppose that such a pronounced effect on the plants grown and the salt stress is connected with its ability to produce phytohormones. Genome analysis of the strain TS3 showed the presence of the necessary genes for the synthesis of compounds responsible for the alleviation of the salt stress. Strain B. safensis TS3 can be considered a promising candidate for developing biofertilizer to alleviate salt stress and increase plant yield.
Exploring Extremophiles from Bulgaria: Biodiversity, Biopolymer Synthesis, Functional Properties, Applications
Authors: Yaşar Yıldız Songül , Radchenkova Nadja
Published: December 2023

Bulgaria stands out as a country rich in diverse extreme environments, boasting a remarkable abundance of mineral hot waters, which positions it as the second-largest source of such natural resources in Europe. Notably, several thermal and coastal solar salterns within its territory serve as thriving habitats for thermophilic and halophilic microorganisms, which offer promising bioactive compounds, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Multiple thermophilic EPS producers were isolated, along with a selection from several saltern environments, revealing an impressive taxonomic and bacterial diversity. Four isolates from three different thermophilic species, Geobacillus tepidamans V264, Aeribacillus pallidus 418, Brevibacillus thermoruber 423, and Brevibacillus thermoruber 438, along with the halophilic strain Chromohalobacter canadensis 28, emerged as promising candidates for further exploration. Optimization of cultivation media and conditions was conducted for each EPS producer. Additionally, investigations into the influence of aeration and stirring in laboratory bioreactors provided valuable insights into growth dynamics and polymer synthesis. The synthesized biopolymers showed excellent emulsifying properties, emulsion stability, and synergistic interaction with other hydrocolloids. Demonstrated biological activities and functional properties pave the way for potential future applications in diverse fields, with particular emphasis on cosmetics and medicine. The remarkable versatility and efficacy of biopolymers offer opportunities for innovation and development in different industrial sectors.
Thymol-Modified Oleic and Linoleic Acids Encapsulated in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Enhanced Bioactivity, Stability, and Biomedical Potential
Authors: Sokol Maria B. , Sokhraneva Vera A. , Groza Nataliya V. , Mollaeva Mariia R. , Yabbarov Nikita G. , Chirkina Margarita V. , Trufanova Anna A. , Popenko Vladimir I. , Nikolskaya Elena D.
Published: December 2023

Unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA), are promising antimicrobial and cytostatic agents. We modified OA and LA with thymol (TOA and TLA, respectively) to expand their bioavailability, stability, and possible applications, and encapsulated these derivatives in polymeric nanoparticles (TOA-NPs and TLA-NPs, respectively). Prior to synthesis, we performed mathematical simulations with PASS and ADMETlab 2.0 to predict the biological activity and pharmacokinetics of TOA and TLA. TOA and TLA were synthesized via esterification in the presence of catalysts. Next, we formulated nanoparticles using the single-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. We applied dynamic light scattering, Uv-vis spectroscopy, release studies under gastrointestinal (pH 1.2–6.8) and blood environment simulation conditions (pH 7.4), and in vitro biological activity testing to characterize the nanoparticles. PASS revealed that TOA and TLA have antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutic potential. ADMETlab 2.0 provided a rationale for TOA and TLA encapsulation. The nanoparticles had an average size of 212–227 nm, with a high encapsulation efficiency (71–93%), and released TOA and TLA in a gradual and prolonged mode. TLA-NPs possessed higher antibacterial activity against B. cereus and S. aureus and pronounced cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, K562, and A549 cell lines compared to TOA-NPs. Our findings expand the biomedical application of fatty acids and provide a basis for further in vivo evaluation of designed derivatives and formulations.