bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Background Dose Assessment of Highly Industrialized Area Used for Building and Construction Purposes in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Omeje M. , Adewoyin O.O. , Joel E.S. , Usikalu M.R. , Ayanbisi O.W. , Omeje U.A. , Adagunodo T.A. , Ilo P. , Zaidi E.
Published: October 2019

A highly industrialized and mining zone has been mapped to ensure the level of radiation exposure and environmental safety of the dwellers in the buildings within the vicinity. The highest values of238U and 232Th which are 48 ± 11 and 134 ± 9 BqKg−1 were found to be higher than the world average values of 30 and 40 BqKg−1 according to UNSCEAR. The mean value of radium equivalent (Raeq)activity of200.89±22.54BqKg−1lies within the limit of 370 BqKg−1 recommended by UNSCEAR. The meanabsorbed dose rate of 87.85 nGyh−1 is 4 % higher than the average world value according to UNSCAER 2000.The geospatial analysis revealed that the natural radionuclides in the region have a trend, NW-SE trending with significant re-deposition at the Southern part through diffusion which may be attributed the combinations of soil geology of Dahomey (Benin) Basin and human activities. 3D scatter and ribbon plots validates the strong positive correlation between the level of radioactivity distributions which is in the order of magnitudes 40K>232Th>238U in the study area. Significantly, the geospatial analysis of the background gamma dose rate has revealed the hot spot in the area that could pose high risk of contributing to indoor exposure if constructions are built for dwellers
Interdependency of Soil-gas Radon-222 Concentration on Soil Porosity at different Soil-depths
Authors: Yusuff I.M. , Adagunodo T.A. , Omoloye M.A. , Olanrewaju A.M.
Published: October 2019

Origination of Radon-222 (222Rn) from soil and its concentration, contributing to the highest exposure of ionizing radiation to the public is natural. It is a known radioactive gas and its percentage in concentrations contributing to outdoor radon atmospheric level depends on some physical parameters of the soil. To ascertain some of its dependency on soil porosity, a radiometric survey was carried out on soil depths at varying locations and the laboratory analysis was carried out on the soil sample at each location and depth in order to determine its porosity. The measurements were done using radon detector at five (5) locations. At each location, data were collected at four (4) different soil depths of 20, 40, 60 and 100 cm respectively. In addition, soil samples at these locations and depths were taken to the laboratory for porosity test. The result showed that highest value of 222Rn concentration at 100 cm depth is 24680 ± 1960 Bqm−3 with maximum porosity level of 69.92%, while the lowest concentration at 100 cm depth is 7370 ± 1139 Bqm−3 with minimum porosity level 51.61% respectively. Inferentially, a statistical analysis carried out using Pearson correlation showed that there exist some relationships between soil-gas 222Rn concentrations measured and soil porosity determined at each measurement soil-depths. The nature of the established relationship shows interdependency of 222Rn on soil porosity at different depths, such that if the soil porosity is known, its corresponding soil-gas radon concentration can be determined.
Target Analysis of Antibiotic Drugs in Poultry Feedstuff by Solid Phase Extraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Abdulrasaq O. Oyedeji , Benson Nsikak U. , Williams Akan B. , Msagati Titus A. M.
Published: October 2019

Seventy-five poultry feed samples of two feed types were analysed for antibiotic drugs using a simple generic solid phase extraction procedure with dichloromethane-acetonitrile after delipidation with n-hexane. Analytical separation was performed on a Waters Acquity C18 column with gradient elution consisting of water and acetonitrile. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with positive and negative electrospray ionization methods in the multiple reaction monitoring modes (MRM), was used for the quantification of 21 compounds from six classes including fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamides, anthelmintics, macrolides and the β-lactams in a single chromatographic run of 14 minutes. All the six classes of the drugs were found in the two feed types at concentration ranging between 0.22 – 1505 ng/g. Sulfadimethoxine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethoxazole were the major sulfonamides in the two feed types with concentration at the part per million levels. Albendazole, penicillin-G, sulfadiazine, sulfaquinoxaline and sulfixosazole were not detected in the layers mash exclusively fed to laying birds; also, sulfamethazine and sulfamozole were the only two drugs not detected in the growers mash meant for birds raised for meat. Ciprofloxacin, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, and sulfaguanidine were the most prominent antibiotic drugs in the two feed types. Results from the present study suggest that feed millers surreptitiously fortify their feeds with antibiotics without declaring same, thus exposing poultry chickens to sub-therapeutic dosages of the drugs. It is evident that self-regulation for safety in the poultry industry should be discouraged thus relevant authorities must take steps to reduce and control the use of antibiotics to protect public health.
Radioactivity and Radiological Risks of Soil Exposure to Workers: a Case Study of Production Company in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Maxwell Omeje , Oladotun Olusegun Adewoyin , Emmanuel Sunday Joel , Mojisola Rachael Usikalu , Kehinde Oyewole , Theophilus Aanuoluwa Adagunodo , Onumejor Charity A. , Ndubuisi Amanda O. , Promise Ilo , Oha Ifeanyi A
Published: October 2019

Background dose assessment has been carried out in and around a production company using Gamma Ray Spectrometer (Super Spec. 125 model). This was done to identify the zones that could pose health risks to workers. The geospatial maps for easy identification of radionuclides occurrence in the factory was determined using geospatial analysis. The highest exposure dose was found at the restaurant and factory areas whereas the lowest background dose was noted at the entrance of the company. The absorbed dose rate of 199.88nGry/h is 0.4 % higher than the world average value according to UNSCAER, 2000. The geospatial analysis revealed that the natural radionuclides in the region have a trend, NW-SE trending with significant re-deposition at the western part. This could be caused by the diffusion of chemical weathering and complexation of Dahomey (Benin) basin soil geology from human activities. The boxplot identified the radionuclides distributions which are in the order of magnitudes 40K>238U>232Th in the study area. Significantly, the geospatial analysis of the background gamma dose rate has revealed the hot spots in the area which may pose health risk to the workers if adequate measure is not taken to advise workers not to spend much time at the hot spot zone.
Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Study of La0.33Ca0.67Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 Functionalised for Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Abiola Edobor-Osoh , Ita Benedict I. , Presa Patricia de la , Ajanaku Kolawole O. , Ajani Olawale O. , Olanrewaju Aladesuyi , Owolabi Fisayo E. , Olorunshola Shola J.
Published: October 2019

The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of La0.33Ca0.67Mn0.99Fe0.

01O3
were studied using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microcopy (SEM), and Superconductive Quantum Interference Device (SQUID). The sample was synthesized using sol gel method and sintered at 700, 800 and 900 °C. The crystallite size of the sample was influenced by the increase in the sintering temperature. There was no significant difference in magnetisation as sintering temperature increased from 700 °C to 800 °C, however, the magnetic properties of La0.33Ca0.67Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 reduced drastically from 12.15 emu/g to 8.13 emu/g as sintering temperature increased from 800 °C to 900 °C. The surface of La0.33Ca0.67Mn0.99Fe0.01O3 sintered at 900 °C was functionalised using ethyl 4-nitrobenzoate. The wavelength of the functionalised manganite was monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometre. Antimicrobial properties of the complex formed was investigated against the bacteria and fungi strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger, the zones of inhibition were 20, 40, 26 and 45 mm, respectively.
Field Assessment and determination of concentration levels of Dimethylsulphide in Tropical Seawater
Authors: Adedapo Adebusayo E. , Benson Nsikak U. , Williams Akan B. , Toda Kei
Published: October 2019

Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is an important climatically reactive trace gas which is emitted from the seawater to the atmosphere. It undergoes various oxidative reactions to produce cloud condensation nuclei, which affect the earth radiation budget. DMS and its precursor dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) were measured using a modified vapour generation – chemiluminescence (VG-CL) detection system that was designed for this study. The chosen sampling locations used for the measurement were Nigeria Institute of oceanography and marine research (NIOMR) and ELEGUSHI. They are situated along the Gulf of Guinea. The modified VG-CL analyser was used for trace analysis of dimethylsulphide in the study area. The mean concentrations of DMS in the surface seawater at the two sampling locations ranged from 0 to 35.53±2.34 nM, 10.67±0.28 and 44.95±0.27 nM, respectively. The average minimum and maximum concentrations of DMS and DMSP across the two locations were between 0 and 44.95 nM, respectively. The concentrations of DMS and DMSP were compared across the sampling locations, and the observed pattern showed that DMS for ELEGUSHI has a higher concentration than NIOMR. The result further revealed that the concentration of the DMS is a function of the sea surface temperature (SST) of the aquatic ecosystem. The observed DMS concentration data of this study provides a baseline measurement for the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Lagos), thus a significant addition to the global DMS database.
The First 1,000 Days: Trends towards Biosensing in Assessing Micronutrient Deficiencies
Authors: Oshin Oluwadamilola , Hampel Daniela , Idachaba Francis , Atayero Aderemi
Published: October 2019

Micronutrients provide the essential building blocks for brain development, healthy growth and a strong immune system in children. Malnutrition in form of micronutrient deficiencies develop gradually over time and their negative effects are not seen until irreversible damage may have occurred. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports the 2016 Global Nutrition Report (GNR), emphasizing the enormous importance of investing in the critical first 1,000 days nutritional requirement as it directly affects the attainment of 12 out of the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Up till now, in many countries, early detection of malnutrition is carried out by specific, majorly blood-based tests in specialized laboratories by trained personnel. This review expatiates on diagnostic trends towards early detection of micronutrient malnutrition highlighting the significant role of Engineering in this cause. Focusing on the children within the 1000-day critical window, suggestions on modalities for continual tracking required to prevent malnutrition using biosensors are also advanced in this review.
A theoretical approach for the reduction of X-ray radiation dose within the optimization of the tomographic scanning process
Authors: Ozdiev A , Lazarev S
Published: October 2019

X-ray tomography is one of the widespread methods of medical diagnostics. Modern medical tomographic setups have many advantages among them high resolution, high level of reproducibility, the simplicity of utilization, and many others. However, one of the most significant challenges of this method is a reducing of the radiation dose. We propose here an alternative scanning approach and an optimized filtered backprojection algorithm as a tool for the dose reduction by lower illumination area during the scan. Further, we demonstrate the power of this approach for dental application, where tomographic visualization is used as the main diagnostics instrument, employing a 3D model of a skull with teeth. From the results of our reconstruction, different defects in the teeth are successfully detected with an acceptable resolution. We hope that the proposed approach will be used as a fundamental idea to low the radiation dose in medical computer topology.
The use of neural network technologies in solving the problem of evaluation and prognosis of oncologic diseases
Authors: Doroshenko E V , Pyatkovskiy O I , Guner M V
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this work is neural network technologies in solving the problem of stratification of patients at the oncologic dispensary in order to optimize the treatment course and reduce the cost of its implementation. The material for the study is a sample containing data on the medical indicators of 77 patients with colorectal cancer. As a result of the use of artificial neural networks, it is planned to increase the efficiency of analysis of oncological research results and clinical data of patients.
Construction of simulating analogues of ventilation networks by base points
Authors: Levitskiy Zh G , Nurgaliyeva A D , Akimbekova N N , Sattarova G S , Zh Ahmetova A
Published: October 2019

The ventilation systems of the mines are complicated by the presence of extensive open spaces and collapses, significant failures with ground outlets, which form complex aerodynamic connections not only between separate horizons, but also the system of underground workings and the surface. In this regard, to reduce the dimension of the original ventilation scheme, it is proposed to analyse not a true large-dimensioned calculation network, but a minimized one, the structure of which is different from the real one, and can be represented as an approximating analogue. It was established that the construction of structural-functional analogise by approximation on the base points allows the design schemes to be constructed in the absence of information about internal aerodynamic connections in the system of underground workings complicated by collapse zones, blockages, dips, etc. The method of constraints is proposed, which allows determining the boundaries of the search for a set of positive values of the aerodynamic resistance of equalizing branches when solving a system of nonlinear equations describing the constructed analogue.
Organizational and economic aspects of waste management in Russia
Authors: Borisov A I , Andreev D V
Published: October 2019

In the article the theoretical generalization of domestic and foreign experience of waste management and regional experience of the Stavropol region, identified key discussion issues and trends in the development of legislation in the field of waste management. In particular, it studies the stages of development of the waste management system abroad, including the role of waste as a potential energy source. As well as the level of development of these trends in Russia. Designated organizational-economic and legal adjustments in the regulatory process for the treatment of waste by a new Federal law. Discusses the shortcomings and fragmented nature of certain provisions of Federal laws, as well as the possible directions of development of the mechanism of regulation of waste management in the Russian Federation. Summarizes the experience of the Stavropol region as a pilot region to create an integrated system of waste management. Formulated the main thesis – the need of transition to an integrated waste management system, involving the maintenance of economic and administrative mechanisms to encourage waste reduction, separation and recycling.
Strategic planning of integrated development in the field of science and technology of the enterprises of the machine-building production
Authors: Bortalevich S I , Loginov E L , Chinaliev V U , Soldatov A I
Published: October 2019

The problems of the development of the national technological base and specific engineering industries, requiring a radical change in the approach to the organization of scientific and technological development in the Russian industry. The focus of the pool of Sciences (scientific and engineering disciplines) allows to structure the organizational core of scientific (innovative) associations, which allows to raise the question of the layout of the long-term structure of organizational relations and support of leading scientific, as well as educational, design, industrial, etc. organizations. Structuring the “functional core” of enterprises and organizations concentrating key digital technologies in the total mass of economic entities determines the need for the formation of matrix scientific and industrial structures as a kind of associations [on the basis of an information network using elements of artificial intelligence] within the relevant management strategies implemented by machine-building enterprises.
An Automatic Texture Generation Algorithm for 3D Shapes Based on cGAN
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wang Yigang , Wu Zizhao
Published: October 2019

Texturing 3D shapes is of great importance in computer graphics with applications ranging from game design to augmented reality. However, the processes of texture generation are usually tedious, time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, we propose an automatic texture generation algorithm for 3D shapes based on conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). The core of our algorithm includes sampling the model outline and building a cGAN in order to generate model textures automatically. In particular, we propose a novel edge detection method using 3D model information which can accurately find the outline of the model to improve the quality of the generated texture. Due to the adaptability of the algorithm, our approach is suitable for texture generation for most 3D models. Experimental results show the efficiency of our algorithm which can easily generate high quality model textures.
The Method of Cutting Image of Vehicle Face based on Haar Feature and Improved Cascade Classifier
Authors: Zhang Tong , Mao Li
Published: October 2019

A method of car face image segmentation based on haar-like features and improved cascade classifier was proposed to solve the problems of insufficient classification recognition performance and too long training time of the current classifier. First, the haar-like features of the image are calculated based on integral graph. Then the extracted feature values are input into the cascade classifier for training. Finally, the trained classifier was used to detect the vehicle face and segment the image of the vehicle face. In this paper an adaptive threshold setting method is proposed. The experimental results show that the method has the better performance than the traditional methods, and has better application prospects.
Supply Chain Management in a Rapidly Urbanising World
Authors: Batt PJ
Published: October 2019

Our world is rapidly urbanizing. By 2050, two thirds of humanity will live in cities. Increasing rates of urbanisation are putting more pressures on resources; influencing what foods we eat, where and when we eat them; the way our food is grown, processed and delivered to consumers; and impacting on our health and nutrition. Worldwide, interest in urban food systems and the increasing engagement of municipal government in food issues is growing rapidly as cities are largely dependent on external food sources. Food chains are growing longer, global trade is increasing and the diversity of food available to consumers is increasing. However, while urbanization presents many opportunities for smallholder producers, the lack of knowledge, resources and infrastructure continues to limit their participation in modern urban food systems. Furthermore, poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition are shifting from a rural problem to an urban problem. Urban food systems are being challenged to be more inclusive, responsive and resilient. This impacts on the need for greater investment in wholesale marketing and distribution systems, food quality and safety, transport and logistics, and improved food waste management.
Bringing Local Food to Global Market: A Food Technology Perspective
Authors: Munarso SJ , Mulyawanti I
Published: October 2019

It has been observed that export promotion drive boosts economic growth of developing countries (Nigeria inclusive) through the multiplier effects that the income earned from exports has on the economy. Prior to the discovery of oil, agriculture has been the main contributor to the Nigerian external sector. It is in the light of this that this study sets out to examine the impact of agricultural export on Nigeria’s economic growth. This study used the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric technique to analyze the long run relationship and the impact of agricultural exports on Nigeria’s economic growth. Economic growth is the dependent variable, and is proxied by the real gross domestic product, the explanatory variables include: agricultural export, foreign direct investment, inflation rate and the labour force. The results from the ARDL technique revealed that agricultural exports significantly affect Nigeria’s economic growth; this suggests that, a 1percent increase in - agricultural export will boost economic growth in Nigeria by approximately 25percent.Therefore, from the results, the study recommended that agricultural export need to be promoted through the increase in agricultural production base.
Current Challenges of Physical Treatments to Control Quality and Postharvest Diseases of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Charles F
Published: October 2019

Physical treatments have gained interest in recent years to improve quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables, due to the emergence of non-chemical techniques. Indeed, the use of fungicides is becoming restricted because of the concerns of the consumers for human health and for the release of fungicides in the environment. Physical treatment appears to promote sustainable technology. This review attempts to highlight the use of the light treatments in postharvest, with visible and UV-C. These treatments already showed interesting perspectives of applications due to, their direct impact onto pathogens, and the induction of resistance onto the host. The mode of action is not well known, but some new tools such as ohmic methods will help to highlight physiological and biochemical pathways on which the phenomena are based. Despite a wide range of positive impact of light treatments in several research works, their commercial use remains limited in relation to their potential market.
Effect of Ripening Degree on the Quality of Intermediate Product, Banana Flour cv Nangka
Authors: Setyadjit  , Gibert O , Hoerudin  , Sukasih E , Purwani E Y , Alamsyah A N
Published: October 2019

There are two types banana such as banana for fresh purposes and cooking banana. Research on bananas mostly were done on table banana, since the value of cooking banana and plantain are consider as lower. In this study the intermediate product banana flour has been studied as affected by degree of ripening such as unripe, half ripe and fully ripe. The quality parameters analysed were proximate content, mineral content, amylose content, glycemic index, amylograph analysis for pasting, and scanning electron microscope. With the increased of ripening the granules was more sticked together, amylose content decreased, peak on the gelatinisation process decreased, calcium decreased, sodium increased, with no change in energy. Glycemic index of banana flour was decreased from unripe, half ripe, to fully ripe; 50.8±29.9, 39.4±27.5, 30.9±13.7 respectively. Thus, the flour from half ripe and fully ripe banana had different characteristics from unripe banana. The new type of flour are potential for preparing various produces for diabetic diet.
Inhibitory Action of Hypoiodous Acid (HIO) against Browning on Apple through the Analysis of Lightness Appearance
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Legowo A M , Hadipernata M , Broto W , Auliyana E , Puspitoasih A D , Wratsongko A C D , Izzati L , Michael  , Handoko Y D P , Yusuf M , Wahda H M , Pangestika W
Published: October 2019

Reaction of enzymatic browning occurs due to the oxidation of phenol involving polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Prevention of browning reactions can be done by inhibiting PPO activity, one of the alternative is hypoiodous acid (HIO). The purpose of this study is to know the inhibitory activity of HIO on the enzymatic browning of apple based on the color change. The color change was analyzed by L* value differences. HIO was provided from the reaction between H2O2 and KIO3 using peroxidase as catalyst. Apple was immersed into the solution of HIO for six hour and the lightness was analyzed using digital color meter. Result indicated the decrease of the lightness was found in apple when the immersion in HIO was applied. The inhibitory action of HIO was comparable with NaCl immersion where HIO with concentration of 0.09 had better inhibitory action than HIO 0.068.
Physical, Milling Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Several Local Glutinous Paddy Varieties in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Indrasari S D , Purwaningsih  , Jumali  , Ardhiyanti S D , Handoko D D , Kusbiantoro B
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this research was to study the physical quality of grain and rice, milling quality, and its physicochemical properties of several local glutinous rice. The research materials were obtained from local farmer in West Java. The analysis was conducted at the Rice Quality Laboratory at Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi, West Java. There are differences in physical quality of grain and rice, milled quality and rice protein content of several local glutinous rice. Based on the Indonesian National Standard quality of paddy (1993), the empty grain of the four types of local glutinous rice did not meet the quality of III (maximum 3%). Based on the components of immature+chalky grain quality, the four types of glutinous rice locally meet the quality of I (maximum 1%). The rice length and the shape of the five types of glutinous rice consecutively are medium (5.51 - 6.60 mm) and medium (2.1 - 3.0). The yield of brown rice of four types of glutinous rice ranged from 76.73% (Ketan Pulut) to 79.91% (Ketan Nangka). The rice yield of four types of glutinous rice ranged from 64.57% (Ketan Pecut) to 69.63% (Ketan Bilatung). The range of five sticky rice varieties ranged from 6.41 to 9.63%, which include very low amylose classification (2-19%). The gel consistency and gelatinizing temperature of five glutinous rice are soft and low consecutively.
Study of Good Handling Practices and Critical Control Point Determination of Dried Fermented Cocoa Bean in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Djaafar T F , Elghina L , Widodo S , Marwati T , Utami T , Rahayu E S
Published: October 2019

The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point is needed to improve the quality and competitiveness of cocoa beans. The objectives of this research were to study of Good Handling Practices at cocoa beans fermentation and determination of critical control point as the first step in making Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point plan. The research was conducted at Processing Product Unit Ngudi Raharjo II, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research were interview, observation, recording of cocoa quality, temperature and pH during fermentation, drying temperature and water content reduction in cocoa beans during drying, while determination of critical control point by answering the question from decision tree associated with the risk assessment matrix. The results shown that Good Handling Practices there were 26 of 76 elements that have not been applied, so it needs to be improved. The average temperature of cocoa beans fermentation on the surface for five days is 38.5 °C, in the middle section is 42.3°C and in the bottom was 34.8°C. The average pH of cocoa beans fermentation for 5 days was 3.2. Temperature and pH of fermentation are lower than they should be, this is due to too much cocoa bean pulp. The average temperature in sun drying for four days was 30.3 °C. The average drying temperature with drying machine for three days was 39.2 °C. The drying process should be carried out at 55-60 °C for 40-50 hours. Of the nine stages of the process, drying was a critical control point.
The Paddy and Rice Quality of Three Varieties of Indonesian Local Aromatic Paddy
Authors: Purwaningsih  , Indrasari S D
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research was to study the physical, milling, nutrition quality and physichochemical characteristic of three Indonesian local aromatic paddy namely Kewal Balik Semah, Cere Mas, and Segara Anak. The research materials were obtained from local farmers in Lebak, Banten Province, and Sukamandi, West Java Province. The analysis was conducted at the Rice Quality Laboratory at Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. The data were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if differences were found. The results indicated that paddy rice moisture content varied 11.5-13.4%, empty grain 2.0-9.4%, paddy density varied 339-568 g/l, 1000 grain weight range from 20.5-29.4 g, chalky + immature grain 0.2-0.7%, and yellow + damaged grain 0.7-5.3%, paddy length 5.2-6.04 mm (short to medium) and paddy L/B ratio ranged 2.04-2.41 (medium). Milling percentage ranged 62.5-71.5%, head rice percentage varied 56.7-85.4%, broken rice percentage ranged 14.5-41.0% and brewer 0.1-2.4%. Chalky grain <1% and damaged grain varied 0.07-0.4%. Milled rice whiteness ranged from 43.6-55.8%, and translucensy 0.5-2.8%. The amylose content of three varieties are categorised as medium amylose. Gel consistency characters is soft texture and gel temperature are high to high intermediate (1-3). Among of the cultivars the protein content ranged 7.4-8.2%.
Identification of Superior Cellulose Microbes Producer for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Hayuningtyas M , Juniawati  , Arif A B , Richana N
Published: October 2019

The limited supply of fossil fuels in the world and increased in CO2emission problem causing the government has urged improving the supply of a source of energy, through the use of a new source of energy and renewable. Lignocellulose is one of the organic component in many was available an agricultural waste as a source of microbes to produce welfare fuel. In process of renewable energy, hydrolysis on source lignocellulose using a lignocellulose enzyme will be imported. Bioethanol produce there are have some problems, among other lack of strains superior enzyme lignocellulose microbes producer. Lignocellulose that degrades an enzyme is cellulose much used in various industries. An enzyme can be produced of a group of bacteria, like mold and yeasts. This article is determine to identify superior lignocellulose microbes producing an enzyme. Sample of the study obtained from the specimen land, litter, decayed wood, sand, water crater in various districts in Indonesia. Produce an enzyme lignocellulose identification microbes to bioetanol begins with exploration, isolation and selection, further testing and selection. From 15 bacteria producing cellulose isolates, and selection isolate superior obtained was that B93 with the activity of enzyme reached 25,3 U/ml. Identification of superior cellulose microbes producer isEnterobacteriaSp. Based on this outcome was expected that B93 is a potential source of an cellulose enzyme producer. That can be used to producing welfare fuel (bioethanol). The next research can get reducing part cost of bioethanol production from lignocellulose is cost of cellulose and xillanase (commercial enzim), so it is very impact alternative to solve the global warming problem and ensure sustainable development of the economy leaf litter biomass from tree plantation sites can be collected and used as a promising feedstock for biofuel production to mitigate energy crisis.
Effect of Control Atmosphere Storage Model on the Quality of Chili
Authors: Setyabudi D A , Ratnaningsih  , Broto W , Jamal I B
Published: October 2019

Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is perishable horticultural commodity with short shelf life. Environmental factors such as: temperature, diseases, and humidity, influence the quality of chili, hence the shelf life becomes shorter. One of the long life-saving technologies for chili freshness is by using a controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) technique. This study aimed to prolong the shelf life of chili up to two weeks by CAS method. CAS is a method of storing agricultural products where the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and temperature, and the humidity of the storage space are carefully arranged. Storage typically uses low temperatures, and high RH. Storage with this controlled atmosphere has been applied to fresh fruits, vegetables, and dried commodities. For chilies with CAS, a showcase refrigerator was flowed with nitrogen gas (N2) to suppress oxygen gas concentration (O2) in storage space to close to 7%. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas was added to a concentration of 2.5%. The conditions of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas in the showcase were maintained by continuously flowing N2 gas at a rate of 1 ml / min. The temperature and humidity of storage chambers was maintained at a temperature of 10 - 14 0C and RH in the range 90 - 95%. Observation parameters include, freshness (moisture content, texture, and color), and weight loss. CAS technology was able to maintained freshness of chili for up to 5 weeks with water content characteristics of 82 - 84%, ash content of 0.80 to 0.95%, vitamin C 237.4 - 267.16 mg / 100 g, with the texture easily broken and orange color yellowish, and weight loss reached 12.8%.
Food Processing Technology: Case Study on The Development of Rice Bioindustry
Authors: Widowati S , Luna P
Published: October 2019

Currently, sustainable food production is the biggest challenge in the world. The rapid growth of population, agricultural land conversion and climate change are the key challenges in the agricultural sector. Therefore, natural resources need to be utilised optimally to increase value-added and product competitiveness. This paper reviews the development of rice bioindustry in Indonesia with regards to food processing technology and challenges. Regarding the development of rice bio-industry, farmers and rice milling entrepreneurs are not only directed to focus on milled rice but also directed to valorise the by-products from rice milling manufacture namely rice bran, broken rice, brewers’ rice and husks into high value- added products. To improve the economic value of premium quality rice, functional rice (parboiled, low glycaemic index rice), fortified rice, instant rice, and crystal rice should be produced. Husk can be processed into non- food products, such as biosilica. Additionally, straw can be used as raw material for paper, furfural, sugar and bioethanol, as well as biodegradable packaging and nanofiber. The development of the rice bio industry by utilising all parts of the plant supports the zero waste concept that can increase the income of rice farmers and entrepreneurs, will also improving the environment.
Functional Testing of Sorghum Grading Machine
Authors: Nurhasanah A , AlamSyah A N , Sulaeman A A , Hari I
Published: October 2019

Sorghum seeds form some varieties are range from 2 to 4 mm in size and containing the outer skin/husk about 30 percent. Parallel with tampering of cortex/husk sorghum seeds, also needs exfoliation process. In order of husk exfoliation process can be done equally, it’s required grading/sorting of sorghum seeds and tampering process be spread evenly. Tampering purposes to remove sorghum’s pericarp and tesla coating that contains tannin on endosperm section. This section able to reduce protein digestibility inside the human body and causes constipation. Center for Agricultural Engineering Research and Development (BBP Mektan) developed Sorghum grading machine with pneumatic type with work capacity 400 kg/hour. The aims of this study were : (i) to sorting sorghum seeds evenly (ii) to produce clean sorghum seeds. The testing of grading machine performance, includes: preparation, fabrication and modification, functional and performance test, and reporting. Sorting/grading machine use diesel motor driving force 6.5 HP and the dimension of the machine are 1610 x 1280 x 1820 mm. The capacity of sorting/grading machine able to achieve 400 kg/hour with the efficiency of sorghum’s seed uniformity around 86.25%.
Effect of Carrier Oil and Co-Solvent on The Formation of Clove Oil Nanoemulsion by Phase Inversion Technique
Authors: Yuliani S , Noveriza R
Published: October 2019

Development of nanoemulsion is gaining considerable attention for use in delivering hydrophobic constituents such as clove oil in foods and agriculture system. The small size of the oil droplets in the nanoemulsion system offers many advantages such as high stability, optical clarity, and improved water solubility and bioactivity. This research was aimed at investigating the effect of incorporation of carrier oil and co-solvent on the formation of clove nanoemulsion. Clove oil-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy – phase inversion technique involving a carrier oil (medium chain triglyceride/MCT), at different ratios to the clove oil (1:2, 1:1, 2:1), a co-solvent (glycerol) at ratios of 0 and 1:1 to the mixture of clove oil and MCT and a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80)at a ratio of 1:1, with two concentration levels of mixture of clove oil and MCT (5% and 10%). The formation and characteristics of nanoemulsion were evaluated including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and freeze-thaw stability, as well as their possible mechanisms of destabilization. Particle sizes ranged from 45.98 to 220 nm with narrow ranges of polydispersity index (0.072 – 0.286) and zeta potentials (-12.8 and - 22.6 mV). Incorporation of carrier oil at low proportions gave smaller size of oil droplets, and the presence co-solvent enhanced nanoemulsion stabilization. Creaming accompanied by oiling- off was found upon destabilization of nanoemulsion with different rate and appearance as influenced by nanoemulsion composition. This study provides important information about stabilization of nanoemulsion by incorporating carrier oil and co-solvent suitable for foods and agrochemical formulation.
Stability Analysis of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Emulsion Affected by Iota Carrageenan
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Legowo A M , Pramono Y B , Rizqiati H , Pratama Y , Masykuri  , Abduh S B M , Nurwantoro  , Septyaningrum A , Saraswati R O , Puspitoasih A D , Lestari F P , Widayat
Published: October 2019

Ginger is commonly used by Indonesian community as a main ingredient for making traditional beverages. Separation of solutions in the production process of traditional beverage based on ginger emulsions is often found and may reduce consumer interest. Addition of iota carrageenan is expected to increase emulsion stability that could be detected by the amount of sedimentation. This study was aimed to determine the emulsion stability of ginger emulsion with the addition of iota carrageenan. Ginger emulsion formulation contained iota carrageenan was prepared from 1–3% b/v of iota carrageenan added to 10–30% v/v ginger emulsion. The heat was applied to emulsion at 70°C. Emulsion stability was analysed by spectral analysis using UV- Vis spectrophotometer and calculating the amount of separated sediment for 10 minutes. The percentage analysis was applied to measure the emulsion stability. The results showed that iota carrageenan was suitable to maintain the emulsion stability up to the 10 minutes with while no iota addition was less maintain the stability. It showed that iota carrageenan could enhance the ginger emulsion.
Influence of Peanut Flour Addition on Rasi Process Production
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E , Abubakar
Published: October 2019

Rasi is a cassava flour made from grains resembling rice granules. In general, rasi is processed by using cassava flour took tapioca and manual granulation after that dried. One of the disadvantages of rasi traditional process production is the form of granules that are not uniform and easily destroyed also has low protein and fat levels. Increasing the levels of fat and protein of rasi should be done the addition peanut flour. This study aimed to characterize the effect of adding peanut flour and improvement of granular formation method by using extrusion technology to physic chemical properties of the rasi product. There were three treatments of peanut flour addition, i.e 5, 10 and 15% that compared with control. The study was designed using a complete randomized design and the data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 2.1 software. Based on the result of the research, there was an increase of fat and protein content of rasi sample which added peanut flour. Peanut flour added constants have higher lightness and WI (Whiteness Index) values than controls. The amorphous phase of the constituents added with peanut flour was higher than the control, while the crystalline phase shows the opposite value. This was evident from the microstructural profile, where the constituents of peanut flour have starch granules that have started to break apart from the controls.
The Formulation of Low Methoxyl Pectin-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Colonic Coating of Probiotic Cells
Authors: Usmiati S , Mangunwidjaja D , Noor E , Richana N , Prangdimurti E
Published: October 2019

Polyelectrolyte Complex (PEC) was formed by a cross-linking process of different charges of two or more polymers with cation. The structure of a three-dimensional network of PEC facilitated encapsulation of probiotic cells. Some natural poly-ions belonging to polysaccharides and proteins were used for the PEC formation extensively. This study was aimed to obtain a positively charged polyelectrolyte complex as a colonic coating for probiotic cells using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. This research was undertaken in completely randomized design with three replicates. Treatments comprised formulas containing the composition of Low Methoxyl Pectin (LMP), lysine and diethylamine at different levels of chitosan concentration (T1: chitosan of 0.050%, T2: chitosan of 0.075%; T3: chitosan of 0.100%) compared with control (T0: chitosan of 0%). Results showed that the treatments contributed to viscosity and nitrogen content of PEC. This research gained the best result on T3, where the use of chitosan of 0.100% in the formula made up of LMP, chitosan, lysine and diethylamine characterized by stable positive charges, nitrogen content of 0.00688% and viscosity of 18.53 cP. The application of LMP polyelectrolite (LMPpe) complex of the T3 for probiotic cells coating resulted in good viability until it reached colon with population of 7.67 log cfu/mL (4.67x107 cfu/mL).
Effect of Emulsifier Variation on The Stability of Carotene Nanoemulsion
Authors: Dewandari K T , Sofwan G , Tjahyono H
Published: October 2019

Red palm oil has a high content of carotenoids. β-carotene as the highest content of red palm oil acts as antioxidant but with low stability. Nanoemulsion is a system with oil in water emulsion (o / w) with nano size particle scale to increase the solubility and stability of bioactive components contained in red palm oil with 10-1000 nm scale . The purpose of this study was to determine the physical stability and total carotenoids content in nanoemulsion of red palm oil concentrate. The process of making nanoemulsion carotene concentrate was using High Pressure Homogenizer with variation of emulsifier. The emulsifier used was tween 20 and span 80 with ratio as follows 3:7 (F1), 7:3 (F2), 5:5 (F3) and 10:0 (F4). Parameters observed were pH, color, particle size and polydispersity index and stability of nanoemulsion. The results showed that formula F1 had the best physical stability compared to other formulas with particle size of 160.9 nm and total carotene of 1,710 ppm.
Potency of Protein Cocoa Beans as Food Bioactive Precursor to Prevent Hypertension
Authors: Haliza W , Purwani E Y , Fardiaz D , Thenawidjaja M
Published: October 2019

Cocoa beans are superior plantation commodity in Indonesia. The fermentation practice on cocoa beans process has a very important role not only to produce quality seeds but also bioactive peptides. Proteolysis that occurs during cocoa fermentation can produce peptide fragments that have health benefits, such as antihypertension. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and has an important impact on public health. Scientific research gathered strong evidence about the role of cocoa beans peptide involved in biochemical pathways in the control of blood pressure that is endothelin converting enzyme systems. This paper describes the current literature that explain potency of protein cocoa beans in action on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, that might antihypertensive effects of biologically active peptides from cocoa beans.
Kinetics of shallot powder (Allium ascalonicum) quality change during storage and its shelf life
Authors: Sukasih E , Permata A C , Bintang M , Setyadjit
Published: October 2019

Shallot powder is one type of processed products that have a potential to be developed for the time being. The purpose of this research was to study the kinetics of shallot powder quality change during storage and its shelf life. Shallot powder were packed with three packings such as aluminium foil only, aluminium foil covered with PP plastic film, aluminium foil covered with PP plastic film and vacuum condition. Next, samples were stored in three temperatures i.e 20°C, 30°C, and 40°C for 32 days and then observed at four days interval. Parameters observed in this study were color, moisture content, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity. The increase and decrease of each parameter is shown based on the slope value. The results showed that during storage there was increased color, and moisture content at all storage temperatures, while for ash content, total phenol, and antioxidant activity decreased. Shallot powder packed with aluminium foil covered with PP plastic film and vacuum condition has the longest shelf life prediction at all the temperature storages. The shallot powder has 447.37 days at 20°C, for 328.24 days at 30°C, and for 245.64 days at 40°C for predicted of shelf life.
The Usage of Dried Starter for Re-Fermentation of Unfermented Cocoa Beans
Authors: Hernani  , Hidayat T , Mulyawanti I
Published: October 2019

In order to improve the quality of cocoa beans, it has been made by re-fermentation of unfermented beans using dried starter. The methodology used in the fermentation process using a dry starter with the concentration of 1, 2 and 3% towards the quality of cocoa beans produced. The design of experiments was used completely randomized design (RAL) with two replications. Observations during the fermentation of cocoa beans were temperature, pH, alcohol and acid contents, whereas for the quality of dry beans were determined moisture content, ash, protein, fat, free fatty acid (FFA), fermentation index (IF). The flavor was also detected by GCMS. The results showed that during fermentation, the temperature was increased on the first day, then decreasing until day 6. Afterward, the pH tended to increase until day 7. Furthermore, alcohol and acid content (acetic and lactic acids) tends to decrease. The quality of dry beans gave moisture content, ash, protein, fat and FFA ranges from 8.12 to 9.21; 4.07 to 4.16; 21.28 to 22.06; 31.52 to 34.90 and 0.44 to 0.51, respectively. Index fermentation of 2% starter concentration gave the best value. Flavor compounds were detected on the re-fermented cocoa beans, namely the group of compounds pyrazines, ketones, aldehyde, alcohol, acid and pyron groups.