bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polygenic Breast Cancer Risk for Women Veterans in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Minnier Jessica , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Gao Lina , Park Byung , Pyarajan Saiju , Spellman Paul ,   VA Million Veteran Program, Haskell Sally G. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Luoh Shiuh-Wen
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE

Accurate breast cancer (BC) risk assessment allows personalized screening and prevention. Prospective validation of prediction models is required before clinical application. Here, we evaluate clinical- and genetic-based BC prediction models in a prospective cohort of women from the Million Veteran Program.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Clinical BC risk prediction models were validated in combination with a genetic polygenic risk score of 313 (PRS313) single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genetic females without prior BC diagnosis (n = 35,130, mean age 49 years) with 30% non-Hispanic African ancestry (AA). Clinical risk models tested were Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium, literature review, and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, and implemented with or without PRS313. Prediction accuracy and association with incident breast cancer was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), hazard ratios, and proportion with high absolute lifetime risk.

RESULTS

Three hundred thirty-eight participants developed incident breast cancers with a median follow-up of 3.9 years (2.5 cases/1,000 person-years), with 196 incident cases in women of European ancestry and 112 incident cases in AA women. Individualized Coherent Absolute Risk Estimator-literature review in combination with PRS313 had an AUC of 0.708 (95% CI, 0.659 to 0.758) in women with European or non-African ancestries and 0.625 (0.539 to 0.711) in AA women. Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool with PRS313 had an AUC of 0.695 (0.62 to 0.729) in European or non-AA and 0.675 (0.626 to 0.723) in AA women. Incorporation of PRS313 with clinical models improved prediction in European but not in AA women. Models estimated up to 9% of European and 18% of AA women with absolute lifetime risk > 20%.

CONCLUSION

Clinical and genetic BC risk models predict incident BC in a large prospective multiracial cohort; however, more work is needed to improve genetic risk estimation in AA women.
Detection of Molecular Residual Disease Using Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA Assay in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Resection of Metastases
Authors: Loupakis Fotios , Sharma Shruti , Derouazi Madiha , Murgioni Sabina , Biason Paola , Rizzato Mario Domenico , Rasola Cosimo , Renner Derrick , Shchegrova Svetlana , Koyen Malashevich Allyson , Malhotra Meenakshi , Sethi Himanshu , Zimmermann Bernhard G. , Aleshin Alexey , Moshkevich Solomon , Billings Paul R. , Sedgwick Jonathon D. , Schirripa Marta , Munari Giada , Cillo Umberto , Pilati Pierluigi , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Zagonel Vittorina , Lonardi Sara , Fassan Matteo
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE

More than 50% of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (metastatic colorectal cancer [mCRC]) relapse postresection. The efficacy of postoperative systemic treatment is limited in this setting. Thus, these patients would greatly benefit from the use of a reliable prognostic biomarker, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to identify minimal or molecular residual disease (MRD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We analyzed a cohort of 112 patients with mCRC who had undergone metastatic resection with curative intent as part of the PREDATOR clinical trial. The study evaluated the prognostic value of ctDNA, correlating MRD status postsurgery with clinical outcomes by using a personalized and tumor-informed ctDNA assay (bespoke multiple PCR, next-generation sequencing assay). Postresection, systemic therapy was given to 39.2% of the patients at the discretion of the treating physician.

RESULTS

Postsurgical, MRD positivity was observed in 54.4% (61 of 112) of patients, of which 96.7% (59 of 61) progressed at the time of data cutoff (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.8; 95% CI, 3.5 to 9.7; P < .001). MRD-positive status was also associated with an inferior overall survival: HR: 16.0; 95% CI, 3.9 to 68.0; P < .001. At the time of analyses, 96% (49 of 51) of patients were alive in the MRD-negative arm compared with 52.4% (32 of 61) in the MRD-positive arm. Patients who did not receive systemic therapy and were MRD-negative in the combined ctDNA analysis at two time points had an overall survival of 100%. In the multivariate analysis, ctDNA-based MRD status was the most significant prognostic factor associated with disease-free survival (HR: 5.78; 95% CI, 3.34 to 10.0; P < .001).

CONCLUSION

This study confirms that in mCRC undergoing resection of metastases, postoperative MRD analysis is a strong prognostic biomarker. It holds promises for being implemented in clinical decision making, informing clinical trial design, and further translational research.
Branched-chain Amino Acids and Relationship With Inflammation in Youth With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study
Authors: Cosentino Ralph G , Churilla James R , Josephson Samantha , Molle-Rios Zarela , Hossain Md Jobayer , Prado Wagner L , Balagopal P Babu
Published: July 2021

Context

Elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain, particularly in youth.

Objective

We investigated the role of BCAA and aromatic amino acids (AAA) in obesity, their relationships with novel biomarkers of CVD, and response to a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention (PAL-I) in a randomized controlled study in youth with normal weight (NW) and obesity (OB).

Methods

Age (14-18 years) and Tanner stage (≥IV) matched youth (OB, n = 15 and NW, n = 6) were studied; the 15 participants with OB underwent a 3-month randomized controlled PAL-I. Circulating amino acid profile, glucose, insulin, lipids, adiponectin, retinol binding protein-4, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D, along with body composition, were measured at baseline and after PAL-I. Independent t tests, analysis of covariance, and mixed-effect models were used for analysis of the data.

Results

Compared with NW, the concentration of various amino acids, including BCAA and AAA, were altered in OB (P < 0.05). BCAA and AAA showed baseline correlations with body composition and novel biomarkers of CVD, particularly inflammatory factors (all P < 0.05). The PAL-I produced only negligible effects (P > 0.05) on BCAA and AAA. Glutamine, glycine, and aspartic acid decreased with PAL-I (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The novel finding of the BCAA–inflammation relationship, along with strong correlations with nontraditional biomarkers of CVD, may raise the prospect of BCAA as a biomarker of CVD and evoke a potential link between obesity, T2DM, and CVD.
Interspecific variation in bristle number on forewings of tiny insects does not influence clap-and-fling aerodynamics
Authors: Kasoju Vishwa T. , Moen Daniel S. , Ford Mitchell P. , Ngo Truc T. , Santhanakrishnan Arvind
Published: July 2021

Miniature insects must overcome significant viscous resistance in order to fly. They typically possess wings with long bristles on the fringes and use a clap-and-fling mechanism to augment lift. These unique solutions to the extreme conditions of flight at tiny sizes (<2 mm body length) suggest that natural selection has optimized wing design for better aerodynamic performance. However, species vary in wingspan, number of bristles (n) and bristle gap (G) to diameter (D) ratio (G/D). How this variation relates to body length (BL) and its effects on aerodynamics remain unknown. We measured forewing images of 38 species of thrips and 21 species of fairyflies. Our phylogenetic comparative analyses showed that n and wingspan scaled positively and similarly with BL across both groups, whereas G/D decreased with BL, with a sharper decline in thrips. We next measured aerodynamic forces and visualized flow on physical models of bristled wings performing clap-and-fling kinematics at a chord-based Reynolds number of 10 using a dynamically scaled robotic platform. We examined the effects of dimensional (G, D, wingspan) and non-dimensional (n, G/D) geometric variables on dimensionless lift and drag. We found that: (1) increasing G reduced drag more than decreasing D; (2) changing n had minimal impact on lift generation; and (3) varying G/D minimally affected aerodynamic forces. These aerodynamic results suggest little pressure to functionally optimize n and G/D. Combined with the scaling relationships between wing variables and BL, much wing variation in tiny flying insects might be best explained by underlying shared growth factors.
Development and validation of a multiparametric MRI-based radiomics signature for distinguishing between indolent and aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Liuhui , Jiang Donggen , Chen Chujie , Yang Xiangwei , Lei Hanqi , Kang Zhuang , Huang Hai , Pang Jun
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To develop and validate a non-invasive MRI-based radiomics signature for distinguishing between indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) prior to therapy.

Methods:

In all, 139 qualified and pathology-confirmed PCa patients were divided into a training set (n = 93) and a validation set (n = 46). A total of 1576 radiomics features were extracted from the T  2WI (n = 788) and diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 788) for each patient. The Select K Best and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm were used to construct a radiomics signature in the training set. The predictive performance of the radiomics signature was assessed in the training set and then validated in the validation set by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We computed the calibration curve and the decision curve to evaluate the calibration and clinical usefulness of the signature.

Results:

Nine radiomics features were identified to form the radiomics signature. The radiomics score (Rad-score) was significantly different between indolent and aggressive PCa (p < 0.001). The radiomics signature exhibited favorable discrimination between the indolent and aggressive PCa groups in the training set (AUC: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.766 to 0.941) and validation set (AUC: 0.901, 95% CI: 0.793 to 1.000). The decision curve analysis showed that a greater net benefit would be obtained when the threshold probability ranged from 20 to 90%.

Conclusion:

The multiparametric MRI-based radiomics signature can potentially serve as a non-invasive tool for distinguishing between indolent and aggressive PCa prior to therapy.

Advances in knowledge:

The multiparametric MRI-based radiomics signature has the potential to non-invasively distinguish between the indolent and aggressive PCa, which might aid clinicians in making personalized therapeutic decisions.
A radiological diagnostic approach to tumours and tumour-like lesions of the calcaneus
Authors: Azzopardi Christine , Patel Anish , James Steven , Botchu Rajesh , Davies Mark
Published: July 2021

Objective:

The calcaneus is a rare location for the development of primary bone tumours. The purpose of the study is to review the imaging findings in a cohort of patients presenting with tumours and tumour-like lesions of the calcaneus and to develop a more structured approach to the diagnosis of calcaneal lesions.

Methods:

A retrospective study with a collection of 167 cases of calcaneal tumours and tumour-like lesions from our tertiary orthopaedic oncology institution over a period of 13 years. Cases were reviewed by two consultant musculoskeletal radiologists and the location of the lesion within the calcaneus and demographics of the patient were noted for each case. A diagnostic algorithm, which is based on patient age and tumour location, was then extrapolated.

Results:

Out of the 167 cases, we identified 24 different calcaneal pathologies which included both tumours and tumour-like lesions. The most common being simple bone cysts (18.3% of cases) and intra-osseous lipoma (15% of cases) sited in the diaphyseal equivalent of the calcaneus. A diagnostic algorithm was formulated, which describes the most common location of the different pathologies including both benign and malignant pathologies, subdivided by age.

Conclusion:

Our algorithm should help the radiologist narrow down the differential diagnosis when evaluating calcaneal lesions.

Advances in knowledge:

This article provides a radiological approach to calcaneal lesions.
RNA-modifying enzymes as novel targets for anti-cancer therapies
Authors: Papoutsoglou Panagiotis
Published: July 2021

No abstract available
Άθληση και Αναπηρία: Μια διδακτική προσέγγιση στο μάθημα της Φυσικής Αγωγής για την ευαισθητοποίηση των παιδιών απέναντι στις κοινωνικές ανισότητες και τον κοινωνικό αποκλεισμό
Authors: Καπρίνης Στυλιανός , Λιάκος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: July 2021

Η καινοτόμος δράση που περιγράφεται, αφορά στο σχεδιασμό και την υλοποίηση ενός προγράμματος αγωγής υγείας που αναπτύχθηκε σε Δημοτικό σχολείο της Αττικής κατά τη σχολική χρονιά 2013–2014. Αφορμή για την υλοποίηση της δράσης ήταν η ύπαρξη παιδιών με κινητικά προβλήματα εντός της σχολικής μονάδας και η προσπάθεια της ισότιμης κοινωνικής συμμετοχής τους, μέσα σε ένα πλαίσιο αμοιβαίας αποδοχής, αλληλοσεβασμού και αλληλοϋποστήριξης. Κυρίαρχος όμως στόχος ήταν η ευαισθητοποίηση των παιδιών απέναντι στη διαφορετικότητα. Η καινοτόμος δράση προσπάθησε να καταστήσει τη φυσική αγωγή ως ένα μέσο ευαισθητοποίησης των μαθητών απέναντι στις κοινωνικές ανισότητες και τον κοινωνικό αποκλεισμό από όπου κι αν προέρχονται: κινητική μειονεξία, εικόνα σώματος (παχυσαρκία), φύλο, εθνικότητα, γλωσσική ή πολιτισμική διαφορά. Το πρόγραμμα οργανώθηκε με βάση τη διαθεματική προσέγγιση της γνώσης, δίνοντας έμφαση στην ομαδοσυνεργατική προσέγγιση και στη βιωματική οργάνωση των δραστηριοτήτων. Η αξιολόγηση της παρέμβασης έγινε μέσα από την συστηματική παρατήρηση της συμπεριφοράς αλλά και την συμπλήρωση ερωτηματολογίων. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι τα παιδιά με αναπηρία εντάχθηκαν ισότιμα στη σχολική κοινότητα και η κοινωνικοποίηση τους συνέβαλε στην καλύτερη ψυχική τους ισορροπία. Η αίσθηση της συμμετοχής σε ένα κοινωνικό σύνολο ανέστειλε τα αισθήματα περιθωριοποίησης που βίωναν εξαιτίας του αποκλεισμού τους από την ομάδα. Αλλά και τα υπόλοιπα παιδιά συνεργάστηκαν αρμονικά, επαναπροσδιόρισαν τη σχέση τους με την ομάδα, οικοδόμησαν θετικές σχέσεις αποδεχόμενοι με ειλικρίνεια τη διαφορετικότητα. Η συμπλήρωση των ερωτηματολογίων από τους μαθητές, έδειξε ότι η συγκεκριμένη διδακτική παρέμβαση υπήρξε ελκυστική, πρόσφερε απόλαυση και ικανοποίηση, ενώ αύξησε την εσωτερική παρακίνηση των μαθητών για τη συμμετοχή τους στο μάθημα της φυσικής αγωγής. Η εμπειρία των εκπαιδευτικών από το πρόγραμμα ενίσχυσε την πεποίθηση ότι τέτοιες καινοτόμες δράσεις κάνουν το μάθημα πιο ελκυστικό, λιγότερο διχοτομημένο και με ουσιαστική σημασία για τα παιδιά. Αναδεικνύεται ότι η φυσική αγωγή μπορεί να διαδραματίσει κυρίαρχο ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων ζωής, στην ενδυνάμωση των διαπροσωπικών σχέσεων των παιδιών και στην βελτίωση της προσωπικής και κοινωνικής υπευθυνότητας. Η δράση, προσπαθεί να καταδείξει την καινοτομία και δημιουργικότητα που αναπτύσσονται στα σχολεία και ευελπιστεί να προσφέρει στην ενδυνάμωση του εκπαιδευτικού έργου μέσα από την ανάδειξη καλών πρακτικών που προάγουν την μαθησιακή διαδικασία.
Η επίδραση του προσανατολισμού στόχου, της αθλητικής ταυτότητας και των συναισθημάτων στην αθλητική συμπεριφορά μαθητών σε μαθητικούς αγώνες
Authors: Καζίλας Χαράλαμπος , Αθαναηλίδης Ιωάννης , Λάϊος Αθανάσιος , Μπεμπέτσος Ευάγγελος
Published: July 2021

Ο αθλητισμός ως κοινωνικό φαινόμενο και  εκδήλωση συμπεριφοράς, καλλιεργεί κοινωνικές και ηθικές αξίες, των οποίων τα χαρακτηριστικά που προωθεί, εξαρτώνται στενά από το πώς διδάσκονται και εφαρμόζονται τα διάφορα αθλήματα.Σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής είναι να εξετασθεί η επίδραση του προσανατολισμού στόχου, της αθλητικής ταυτότητας και των συναισθημάτων στην αθλητική συμπεριφορά των μαθητών. Επίσης να διερευνηθεί η ύπαρξη πιθανών διαφορών στις εξεταζόμενες μεταβλητές σε σχέση με το γένος. Για την διεξαγωγή της έρευνας 156 μαθητές και μαθήτριες (86 αγόρια και  70 κορίτσια με μ.ο ηλικίας 16,5 χρόνων) συμπλήρωσαν  τρία ερωτηματολόγια το Task and Ego Orientation in Sport  Questionnaire (TESOSQ; Duda & Nicholls, 1992), το Competative Aggressiveness and Anger Scale (CAAS; Maxwell &  Moores, 2007), το Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS; Brewer & Cornelius 2001 ), και τo Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior  (Kavussanu, 2006).Η στατιστική επεξεργασία των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση του στατιστικού προγράμματος SPSS 17. Όλες οι κλίμακες είχαν υψηλό βαθμό εσωτερικής συνοχής.Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας φάνηκε ότι συμφωνούν με αυτά παλαιοτέρων ερευνών ότι τα κίνητρα, η αθλητική ταυτότητα και τα συναισθήματα επιδρούν καθοριστικά στην αθλητική συμπεριφορά σύμφωνα με την ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης. Ως προς το γένος, τα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα επιβεβαιώνουν προηγούμενες έρευνες οι οποίες βρήκαν διαφορές, με τα αγόρια να εμφανίζουν περισσότερες αρνητικές αθλητικές συμπεριφορές σε σχέση με τα κορίτσια, στο χώρο του αθλητισμού σύμφωνα με το Student t-test.
Arleen Ionescu and Maria Margaroni, eds. Arts of Healing: Cultural Narratives of Trauma
Authors: Filippaki Iro
Published: July 2021

Review
Art’s political criticality: At the thresholds of difference and eventuality
Authors: Tzelepis Elena
Published: July 2021

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Contributors
Authors: Contributors Contributors
Published: July 2021

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Mobilization agenda of generations in the mirror of the "IQBuzz" system (experience of analyzing protests in Siberian cities)
Authors: Pustovoyt Yuriy
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work is to study changes in the mobilization agenda (printed and audiovisual statements by leaders and participants of political communities aimed at establishing control over significant resources) in the context of generational change. The research design was set by theoretical constructs formulated within the tradition of identifying and describing the dynamics of generations (K. Mannheim, W. Strauss, N. Hove, V. Radaev), a complex of the theory of identity formation through interactive ritual interaction (R. Collins, N. Rozov) and the theory of mobilization by Ch. Tilly. The focus of attention is the hypothesis of V. Radaev about the intergenerational «rift», the absence of common political themes between the representatives of the Soviet and Russian generations. Using the capabilities of cybermetric methods provided by the IQBuzz automated message analysis system, the author identifies message complexes that determine the mobilization agenda in January 2021 in Siberian cities. Comparison of the obtained data with real behavior and comparison of significant publications with each other by methods of similarity and difference allow us to draw a conclusion about the peculiarities of the manifestation of political activity of millennials. The results show that, as such, there is no intergenerational rift, despite all the dissimilarity, the Soviet and Russian generations have a number of common politicized topics (social justice, national identity). The main symbolic conflict takes place between the «power» communities, those who have received certain competitive collective advantages within the framework of the policy declared by the state (political agenda), and those who do not have them («non-systemic opposition»). The line of conflict runs rather between representatives of the same generation, peers, some of whom are included in the official political system and those that act independently in the political field. The results obtained show the prospects of continuing the work and are quite organically combined with the existing theoretical traditions of the study of generations: the classical archetypes of «prophets», «nomads» and «heroes» and Soviet studies of the «sixties» - «seventies».
Sanctions are a tool of world politics (monograph by L.E. Grishaeva «The Pulse of Sanctions: Russian Historical Aspect»)
Authors: Matyuhin A.
Published: July 2021

The object of this review is an interesting and politically relevant monographic study by Lidia Evgenievna Grishaeva «The Pulse of Sanctions: the Russian historical aspect». In the monograph, the author proves the politically motivated specifics of Western sanctions against the Russian Federation, an important task of which was to try to achieve competitive economic advantages. In this connection, the author reveals the problem of a cardinal contradiction in the position of the collective West, which publicly declares theses about the free market, but at the same time introduces illegal sanctions that do not correspond to the content and laws of the liberal market economy. At the same time, the author emphasizes that certain goals of causing economic damage to Russia were achieved, although the consequences of the sanctions were also ambiguous. The most original are the author's conclusions about the Russian policy of import substitution, the essence of which the author shows very convincingly, but critically noting that this policy did not fully achieve the originally set goals. The author's historical digression into the formation of the international financial system is very important. It is quite possible to share the author's thoughts about the importance of innovative development of the country, about the objective close relationship between the economy and politics, and ways out of the economic crisis. It is important that the author was able to write about it so clearly and openly. The monograph of L.E. Grishaeva is of interest both from the point of view of studying the history of the issue, and from the point of view of determining the modern role of Russia, understanding its place in the world political and economic system. Tracing the dynamics of the sanctions impact and the methods of their practical application, the author comes to a convincing conclusion about the fundamental ineffectiveness of sanctions measures, if initially the tasks of political transformations are set in the directions necessary for the West in relation to the countries that have become the object of sanctions policy. The monograph by L.E. Grishaeva is undoubtedly of scientific interest and can be used to study Russian history and politics of the XX-XXI centuries, various aspects of international relations, the history of the world economy, the processes of globalization, etc.
The potential of state-corporate hybridization in the processes of traditional political regimes transformation
Authors: Volodenkov Sergey
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article was to identify the potential of state-corporate hybridization as one of the scenarios for the transformation of traditional political regimes. Based on the application of the methods of critical analysis and case study, the author researches the practice of adapting political regimes to the conditions of current technological transformations and the growth of the complexity of controlled socio-political systems. The results of the study allow us to confirm the hypothesis that, in order to ensure the stability and survival of national political regimes, with a high degree of probability, technologically developed states will implement scenarios of «absorption» of existing digital technologies in their own interests in order to increase their own diversity and complexity of the system of public and political administration. At the same time, the paper concludes that, in order to maintain their functionality in the new conditions of a changing technological environment, the traditional institutions of power will strive to implement the scenario of strict regulation, regulation, and restriction of the activities of global technology companies, which pose a significant threat to the political stability of the state. The alternative scenario is to integrate technological giants in state and political management processes, to include their essential resources and technologies (with subsequent implementation at a practical level) in the «smart» models of state and political management of a new type. At the same time, the author of the article expresses profound skepticism about the potential of using digital technologies in the processes of democratization of modern societies in the case of the implementation of the scenario of state-corporate hybridization, finding in digitalization a significant range of threats, risks, and challenges for contemporary social development in conditions of current technological turbulence.
Reconceptualization of the theoretical legacy of V.L. Tsymbursky: political legitimation in the context of digitalization of international relations
Authors: Fedorchenko Sergey
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to reconceptualize the political science heritage of V.L. Tsymbursky in the context of digitalization of legitimation, international relations and geopolitics. At the same time, political science reconceptualization was originally understood as a refinement, adjustment of the previous political science conceptual schemes in the changed conditions. The principles of discourse analysis of three analyzed arrays of specialized literature (works of the Tsymbursky himself, studies of other authors on the works of Tsymbursky, works in the field of legitimation and digitalization) and Case Study of modern facts of legitimation of political regimes in the context of digitalization of international relations were used as a basic methodological toolkit for reconceptualization. The analysis made it possible to conditionally divide the geopolitical schemes of a political scientist into «island» and «cyclical» schemes, as well as highlight a specific scheme of «fact-recognition». Reconceptualization of the «Island of Russia» and «Great Limitroph» schemes is determined by the possibility of adapting to the analysis of the phenomenon of digital sovereignty associated with the consolidation of «island» features of regimes in the information space and the conditions of information wars of regimes in limitrophic countries. It has been determined that the schemes «Abduction of Europe» and «Extra-long military cycles» can be useful in identifying the correlations of crises of legitimizing formulas with constitutional cycles and cycles of foreign policy activity of the regimes. In parallel, it was found that the most important, umbrella, interdisciplinary nature is precisely the «fact-recognition» scheme. It allows you to link the analysis of digitalization of international relations, sovereignty with the theory of legitimation. As conclusions, it is indicated that the digitalization of international relations has led to an exaggerated role of external legitimation of the regime, «sovereignty of recognition» by other regimes, weakening the meaning of «sovereignty of fact» and reducing the monopoly of internal legitimation. The digitalization of international relations was also found to have shaken the former monopoly of top-down political legitimation. The factors of information, fake wars, challenges of digital diplomacy forced the elites to look for ways to establish an upward legitimation of their regimes, allowing elements of an empowerment strategy. The theoretical significance of the carried out political science reconceptualization is seen in the serious prospects for adapting Tsymbursky's geopolitical schemes to the actual analysis of modern digitalization of various forms of political legitimation and international relations.
Large Deviations for the Single-Server Queue and the Reneging Paradox
Authors: Atar Rami , Budhiraja Amarjit , Dupuis Paul , Wu Ruoyu
Published: July 2021

For the M/M/1+M model at the law-of-large-numbers scale, the long-run reneging count per unit time does not depend on the individual (i.e., per customer) reneging rate. This paradoxical statement has a simple proof. Less obvious is a large deviations analogue of this fact, stated as follows: the decay rate of the probability that the long-run reneging count per unit time is atypically large or atypically small does not depend on the individual reneging rate. In this paper, the sample path large deviations principle for the model is proved and the rate function is computed. Next, large time asymptotics for the reneging rate are studied for the case when the arrival rate exceeds the service rate. The key ingredient is a calculus of variations analysis of the variational problem associated with atypical reneging. A characterization of the aforementioned decay rate, given explicitly in terms of the arrival and service rate parameters of the model, is provided yielding a precise mathematical description of this paradoxical behavior.
History-Friendly Modeling: An Evolutionary Tool for Strategy Research
Authors: Capone Gianluca , Li Daitian
Published: July 2021

History-friendly models have been increasingly adopted to study innovation and industry evolution, the catch-up of latecomer firms and countries, and public policies. However, they have been used less in the field of strategic management. In this article, we first provide a review of the history-friendly literature, identifying its intellectual roots in evolutionary economics. Then, we discuss three possible motivations that could explain the history-friendly paradox. Finally, we propose history-friendly models as a promising tool to study current research questions in strategy.
Perceptions of competency in advanced clinical practice
Authors: Cooper James , Lidster Jo
Published: July 2021

Background:

Historically, there has been limited research carried out on the competency of individuals undertaking advanced clinical roles.

Aims:

To research advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) perceptions of the term competency, and how they evidence their competency in practice.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, qualitative study used semi-structured interviews, which were analysed by content analysis. Six participants were recruited to the study.

Findings:

There is disparity in the definitions of ‘trainee’ and ‘qualified’ ACP in clinical practice as well as disparity and ambiguity regarding being able to work in a supernumerary capacity during training and master's level study. There is a lack of agreement over the benchmark for qualified ACP status and the road to getting there.

Conclusion:

ACPs should be employed in a supernumerary capacity while training and work towards a full MSc in advanced clinical practice. They should maintain a portfolio of their competency. Work must also be carried out nationally to identify both generic and specialist curricula for ACPs to benchmark against.
Team working part 3: leading a team
Authors: Fowler John
Published: July 2021

John Fowler, Educational Consultant, explores the qualities that enhance leadership in clinical practice
Let's get the work–life balance right
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: July 2021

If the NHS embraces the new work practices it has adopted in the pandemic, it will improve staff wellbeing and retention, says Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, and become an excellent employer
YouTube as a New Culture in Indonesia: The Construction of Gender Role in the Lens of the Circuit of Culture
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia, Rosida Ida , Azwar Muhammad ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2021

This study explores the construction of gender roles performed in The Irvandi's YouTube channel. By deploying cultural studies approach and working within the framework of the circuit of culture by Stuart Hall, this study aims to show how gender role is regulated, produced, consumed, and represented, which then constructs Indonesian women's identity. The result shows that the gender role is regulated through religion by which Islamic teachings are applied in her daily life and the social construction rooted within the patriarchal ideology. Next, the video's content is produced as the content creator accepts the gender roles tightly related to the regulation. Further, the video is consumed by its viewer where power, ideology, gender, and social class have shaped each other. Within its consumption, the video reveals the gender stereotyping and brings the effect of empowering women. As an interrelated element, the circuit of culture represents Indonesian women as ideal Muslim women (shaleha). The identity of women in the video is constructed through representation. She constructs her identity as a religious woman and shaleha. Besides, showing viewers where she usually buys home furnishing products indicates that she shows her middle social class. In conclusion, YouTube has become a new culture in Indonesia and has created an Islamic cultural industry as the content is presenting a series of images, practices, and religious values which is marketed especially to Muslim women. Then, this kind of YouTube video is re-strengthening and re-emphasizing the role of women in the family. The differentiation of roles between men and women is reconstructed and reproduced within this online video sharing platform.
En el inferno sonoro con María Zambrano
Authors: Pardo Salgado Carmen
Published: July 2021

Los nexos entre los distintos tipos de inferno y la música en Zambrano nos llevan a mostrar, en primer lugar, la relación entre música del alma y música sensible en su obra. En segundo lugar, el texto analiza la música sensible que Zambrano escucha —su fondo sonoro—, para pasar después al paisaje sonoro de  la música contemporánea.  En este pasaje, la fgura de Orfeo sirve de guía para  interrogar, en tercer lugar, la imagen del Orfeo moderno y su descenso a los infernos cotidianos. En esta trayectoria, las obras de Stravinsky, de Birtwistle y de Jerez e Iges nos permiten trazar un diálogo con el pensamiento de la filósofa malagueña.
Estudio de los artículos biográficos y autobiográficos de María Zambrano desde el periodismo
Authors: Ortega Hurtado Luis
Published: July 2021

Es un hecho que María Zambrano se encuentra vinculada al medio de la prensa escrita. A través de la publicación de artículos en diarios nacionales e internacionales, así como de ensayos y artículos filosóficos en revistas especializadas, queda más que probada su contribución e influencia. Este estudio pretende arrojar luz sobre un determinado grupo de trabajos en los que la experiencia vital de la escritora,las ciudades donde vivió, los intelectuales, poetas o artistas que conoció devuelven al lector parte de la memoria «perdida» del sigloxx. Creemos que existen suficientes vínculos entre la propia profesión del periodismo y la obra de María Zambrano para justificar un estudio de su obra desde esta perspectiva.
Génesis de la actitud confesional en María Zambrano
Authors: Palomar Patricia
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo plantea el nacimiento de la actitud confesional en la trayectoria vital de Zambrano antes de devenir un concepto teórico. Para ello, nos centraremos en el contexto de la década de 1920, cuando tiene lugar una toma de conciencia del problema de la verdad y aflora la necesidad de ir hacia el interior del ser humano como acción plenamente confesional en los jóvenes intelectuales de la generación de Zambrano.
El mar, el campo y el cielo implacablemente azul de Madrid: María Zambrano en diálogo con Henri Lefebvre
Authors: Ramírez Goretti
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza el motivo de la ciudad de Madrid en Delirio y destino (1952), de María Zambrano,en el marco de la tríada espacial propuesta por Henri Lefebvre: práctica espacial (espacio percibido),representaciones del espacio (espacio concebido) y espacios derepresentación (espacio vivido).
Il silenzio della storia maiuscola. Storia e letteratura in María Zambrano
Authors: Laurenzi Elena
Published: July 2021

L’analisi si centra sugli scritti di Zambrano dedicati all’opera di Benito Pérez Galdós Misericordia e mette in luce l’uso che la pensatrice fa del romanzo quale fonte alternativa per la scrittura di una storia non egemonica, attenta alla presenza delle vite «minuscole». Da questa prospettiva si rileva la prossimità di Zambrano con alcune linee di ricerca sviluppatesi all’interno della storiografia femminista degli anni ’80 e ‘90, e in particolare con la critica alla storia monumentale proposta da Françoise Collin in un saggio del 1993, in cui la grande pensatrice belga propone una rilettura della storiografia a partire dalla distinzione tra la marca e la traccia.
Active THz metasurfaces for compact isolation
Authors: Almpanis Evangelos , Zouros Grigorios P. , Tsakmakidis Kosmas L.
Published: July 2021

Metasurfaces constitute an emerging technology, allowing for compact manipulation of all degrees of freedom of an incident lightwave. A key ongoing challenge in the design of these structures is how to allow for energy-efficient dynamic (active) operation, particularly for the polarization of incident light, which other standard devices typically cannot efficiently act upon. Here, we present a quasi-two-dimensional magneto-optic metasurface capable of simultaneously high-contrast on/off operation, as well as rotation of the polarization angle of a linearly polarized wave—that is, without converting the incident linear polarization to elliptical, which is normally particularly challenging. Furthermore, the device’s operation is broadband, with a bandwidth of around 5 µm, and can be conveniently manipulated using an external magnetic bias. Our findings, corroborated using two different full-wave simulation approaches, may allow for functional metasurfaces operating in the terahertz (THz) regime, giving rise to robust, energy-efficient, and high-dynamic-range broadband isolation, to be used for a wealth of optoelectronic and communication applications.
Optical microlever assisted DNA stretching
Authors: Andrew Philippa-Kate , Raudsepp Allan , Fan Daniel , Staufer Urs , Williams Martin A. K. , Avci Ebubekir
Published: July 2021

Optical microrobotics is an emerging field that has the potential to improve upon current optical tweezer studies through avenues such as limiting the exposure of biological molecules of interest to laser radiation and overcoming the current limitations of low forces and unwanted interactions between nearby optical traps. However, optical microrobotics has been historically limited to rigid, single-body end-effectors rather than even simple machines, limiting the tasks that can be performed. Additionally, while multi-body machines such as microlevers exist in the literature, they have not yet been successfully demonstrated as tools for biological studies, such as molecule stretching. In this work we have taken a step towards moving the field forward by developing two types of microlever, produced using two-photon absorption polymerisation, to perform the first lever-assisted stretches of double-stranded DNA. The aim of the work is to provide a proof of concept for using optical micromachines for single molecule studies. Both styles of microlevers were successfully used to stretch single duplexes of DNA, and the results were analysed with the worm-like chain model to show that they were in good agreement.
Vehicle positioning scheme based on visible light communication using a CMOS camera
Authors: He Jing , Zhou Biao
Published: July 2021

As an application of visible light communication (VLC), visible light positioning (VLP) technology has great potential for vehicle positioning due to its characteristics of no electromagnetic interference, low cost, and high positioning accuracy. In addition, the light emitting diode (LED) in street lights, traffic lights and vehicle lighting systems makes this positioning solution attractive for vehicular applications. However, the modulated LED signal will bring blooming effects on the images captured by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera. And it will decrease the positioning performance. Meanwhile, positioning errors will happen when the CMOS camera is tilted. In the paper, a vehicle positioning scheme based on VLC is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It uses LED street light as a transmitter and the CMOS camera as a receiver. To mitigate the blooming effect in the CMOS camera based VLC, a bit length estimation (BLE) based sampling scheme is proposed to obtain the reference location information from the captured images. In addition, a novel angle compensation scheme combined with a particle filter is proposed to improve the accuracy of vehicle positioning when the CMOS camera is tilted. The experiments are performed under moving speeds of 40 to 80 cm/s and the measured distances of 80 to 115 cm. Assuming the performance of the proposed demonstrator is not modified when upscaling its size to a real scenario (such as speeds of 4 to 8 m/s and distances between the LED and camera of several meters), it can be concluded that as the speed of the moving vehicle is 8 m/s, the proposed vehicle positioning scheme based on VLC can achieve positioning accuracy of 0.128 m and 0.13 m for the tilt angles of 9° and 15.5°, respectively.
Research on spectral reconstruction algorithm for snapshot microlens array micro-hyperspectral imaging system
Authors: Yu Changben , Yang Jin , Wang Mingjia , Sun Ci , Song Nan , Cui Jicheng , Feng Shulong
Published: July 2021

Snapshot microlens array microscopic hyperspectral imaging systems do not require a scanning process and obtain (x,y,λ) three-dimensional data cubes in one shot. Currently, the three-dimensional spectra image data are interleaved on a charge-coupled device detector, which increases subsequent data processing difficulty. The optical design software cannot simulate actual engineering installation and adjustment results accurately and the tracking results cannot guide precise rapid online calibration of the snapshot microlens array microscopic hyperspectral imaging system. To solve these problems, we propose an accurate spectral image reconstruction model based on optical tracing, derive spatial dispersion equations for the prisms and gratings, establish an algorithm model for the correspondence between the microlens array’s surface dispersion spectral distribution and its imaging position, and propose a three-dimensional spectral image reconstruction algorithm. Experimental results show that this algorithm’s actual spectral calibration error is better than 0.2 nm. This meets the image processing requirements of snapshot microlens array microscopic hyperspectral systems.
Cisgenderism and transphobia in sexual health care and associations with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: Findings from the Australian Trans & Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey
Authors: Rosenberg Shoshana , Callander Denton , Holt Martin , Duck-Chong Liz , Pony Mish , Cornelisse Vincent , Baradaran Amir , Duncan Dustin T. , Cook Teddy
Published: July 2021

Transgender and gender diverse people have unique risks and needs in the context of sexual health, but little is known about sexual health care for this population. In 2018, a national, online survey of sexual health and well-being was conducted with trans and gender diverse people in Australia (n = 1,613). Data from this survey were analysed to describe uptake of sexual health care and experiences of interpersonal and structural cisgenderism and transphobia. Experiences of cisgenderism and transphobia in sexual health care were assessed using a new, four-item scale of ‘gender insensitivity’, which produced scores ranging from 0 (highly gender sensitive) to 4 (highly gender insensitive). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine if experiences of gender insensitivity in sexual health care were associated with uptake and frequency of HIV/STI testing in the 12 months prior to participation. Trans and gender diverse participants primarily accessed sexual health care from general practice clinics (86.8%), followed by publicly funded sexual health clinics (45.6%), community-based services (22.3%), and general hospitals (14.9%). Experiences of gender insensitivity were common overall (73.2% of participants reported ≥2 negative experiences) but most common in hospitals (M = 2.9, SD = 1.3) and least common in community-based services (M = 1.3, SD = 1.4; p<0.001). When controlling for sociodemographic factors, social networks, general access to health care, and sexual practices, higher levels of gender insensitivity in previous sexual health care encounters were associated with a lower likelihood of recent HIV/STI testing (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]:091,0.96, p<0.001) and less-frequent HIV/STI testing (B = -0.07, 95%CI:-0.10,-0.03, p = 0.007). Given the high rates of HIV and other STIs among trans and gender diverse people in Australia and overseas, eliminating cisgenderism and transphobia in sexual health care may help improve access to diagnostic testing to reduce infection rates and support the overall sexual health and well-being of these populations.
Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis population collapse linked to climate-driven shifts in predator distribution
Authors: Richards R. Anne , Hunter Margaret
Published: July 2021

The northern shrimp (Pandalus borealisKrøyer) population in the Gulf of Maine collapsed during an extreme heatwave that occurred across the Northwest Atlantic Ocean in 2012. Northern shrimp is a boreal species, and reaches its southern limit in the Gulf of Maine. Here we investigate proximate causes for the population collapse using data from fishery-independent surveys, environmental monitoring, and the commercial fishery. We first examined spatial data to confirm that the decline in population estimates was not due to a major displacement of the population, and then tested hypotheses related to fishing mortality and shifts in predation pressure. Fishing mortality may have contributed but could not explain the magnitude of the decline or the disappearance of pre-exploitable size individuals. Stomach contents analysis and biomass trends revealed no new fish predators of shrimp. However, longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeiiLesueur) was unique among all species in showing time-series biomass peaks during spring, summer and fall of 2012, and spatial overlap with northern shrimp was unusually high in 2012. Longfin squid is a voracious and opportunistic predator that consumes crustaceans as well as fish. We hypothesize that the warmer temperatures of 2012 not only led to expansion of longfin squid distribution in Gulf of Maine, but had differential effects on migration phenology that further increased spatial overlap with northern shrimp. The weight of our evidence suggests that longfin squid predation was likely a significant factor in the collapse of northern shrimp in the Gulf of Maine.
Global distribution and coincidence of pollution, climate impacts, and health risk in the Anthropocene
Authors: Marcantonio Richard , Javeline Debra , Field Sean , Fuentes Agustin
Published: July 2021

Previous research demonstrates that low-income countries face higher risks than high-income countries from toxic pollution and climate change. However, the relationship between these two risks is little explored or tested, and efforts to address the risks are often independent and uncoordinated. We argue that the global risks from toxic pollution and climate change are highly correlated and should be jointly analyzed in order to inform and better target efforts to reduce or mitigate both risks. We provide such analysis for 176 countries and found a strong (rs = -0.798;95%CI -0.852, -0.727) and significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the distribution of climate risk and toxic pollution. We also found that inequities in pollution production, economic status, and institutional readiness are interconnected and exacerbate risk for countries already in the highest risk categories for both toxic and non-toxic (greenhouse gas) pollution. The findings have policy implications, including the use of the proposed Target assessment to decide where best to address toxic and non-toxic pollution simultaneously, based on the need to minimize human suffering and maximize return on effort.