bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Nitroanthraquinone with Hexamethylenetetramine.
Authors: GALICH L. V. , PODREZOVA T. N. , TIKHONOV V. I. , YUGAI G. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between 1‐nitroanthraquinone (I) and hexamethylenetetramine (II) yields the anthraquinone derivatives (III)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiophenedicarbonyldiazide and Di‐tert‐butyl Thiophenedicarbamates.
Authors: GALVEZ C. , GARCIA F. , GARCIA J. , SOLDEVILA J.
Published: May 2016

The isomeric dibromothiophenes (I) are converted to the dicarboxylic acids (III) via the dinitriles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Controlled‐Oxidation Synthesis of Substituted Aryl 1‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐ 5‐imidazolyl Sulfones.
Authors: HEINDEL N. D. , LACEY C. J. , EGOLF R. , MEASE B. N. , SCHRAY K. J.
Published: May 2016

The chloronitroimidazole (I) reacts with the thiophenols (II) to yield the sulfides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Local Anaesthetics. Part 4. Synthesis and Activity of 2‐(N‐Substituted or N,N‐Disubstituted Aminoacetamido)‐4‐ or ‐4,5‐Substituted Thiazoles.
Authors: LAKHAN R. , RAI B. J.
Published: May 2016

The chloroacetamidothiazoles (I) react with the amines (II) to give the aminoacetamidothiazoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of α‐Ketoaldehyde Adducts of Some Heterocyclic Ureas.
Authors: HOUGH T. L. , HOUGH I. R. , PANNELL R. W.
Published: May 2016

The ureas (I), prepared from aryl amines and methylisocyanate, are coupled with the α‐ketoaldehydes (II) to produce the dihydroxyimidazolidinones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Carbanions. Part 24. A Convenient Synthesis of δ‐Lactones.
Authors: BARUA N. C. , SCHMIDT R. R.
Published: May 2016

α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐lactones (IV) are obtained by reacting the lithiated β‐ethylthio‐ and β‐phenylthioacrylic acids (I) with the oxiranes (III) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Coumarins by Denitro‐Cyclization.
Authors: YOSHIDA Y. , NAGAI S. , ODA N. , SAKAKIBARA J.
Published: May 2016

Condensation of the 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes (I) with malonic acid (II) yields the o‐nitrobenzylidenemalonic acids (III) which cyclize to form the coumarins (IV) on heating with copper in quinoline.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N‐(4‐Pyridylmethyl)benzamide N‐Oxides with Ethyl Cyanoacetate in the Presence of Acetic Anhydride.
Authors: BRANA M. F. , LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ M. L. , RODRIGUEZ C. , GARRIDO‐PERTIERRA A.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the pyridine N‐oxides (II), obtained from the pyridines (I), with the cyanoacetates (III) yields the products (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithio‐ketene‐S,N‐acetals: New Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 2‐Pyridones.
Authors: TAKAHATA H. , YAMABE K. , YAMAZAKI T.
Published: May 2016

N,N‐Dimethylthioacetamide (I) is converted to the lithium derivative (II) which reacts with the isocyanates (III) to yield the monothiodiamides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐6‐carbethoxythiazolo(4,5‐c)pyridine and 7‐Chloro‐2‐ phenylthiazolo(5,4‐c)pyridine.
Authors: SHAFIEE A. , GHAZAR H.
Published: May 2016

The thiazolecarbaldehydes (I) react with ethyl azidoacetate (II) to yield the olefins (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydrocinnolines.
Authors: DEL BUTTERO P. , LICANDRO E. , MAIORANA S. , PAPAGNI A.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (IV) are prepared by reaction of the 4‐oxo‐3‐triphenylphosphoranylidene‐3,4‐dihydrocinnolines (I) with an excess of the alkyl halides (II) and subsequent hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Tellurium Tetrahalides in Rubber Chemistry: Some New Tellurium(IV) Complexes with an S2X4 (X = Halogen) Ligand Environment.
Authors: KARNIKA DE SILVA K. G. , MCWHINNIE W. R. , STUCKEY J. E.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of Te tetrahalides with natural rubber parallels closely reactions with model compounds such as cyclohexene and 2‐methylpent‐2‐ene carried out under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of Tetrakis(tironato)cerate(IV), Na12(Ce(C6H2O2(SO3)2)4)·9 H2O·6 C3H7NO.
Authors: HADDAD S. F. , RAYMOND K. N.
Published: May 2016

The extremely hygroscopic title compound (I) is prepared by heating of (NH4)2(Ce(NO3)6) with four equiv. Tiron in 1 M NaOH and is crystallized from hot DMF/EtOH solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo Transition Metal Compounds. Part 49. Reactions of Cerium(IV) Acetylacetonate with Organolithium and Organomagnesium Compounds.
Authors: JACOB K. , THIELE K.‐H.
Published: May 2016

Depending on the molar ratio the Ce(IV) acetylacetonate (II) reacts with Li organyls with Ce(IV) reduction to give the Li cerate (I) or the Li trialkylcerates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer. Part 82. Reduction of Carboxylato‐Bound Chromium(V) with Hypophosphorous Acid.
Authors: GHOSH S. K. , BOSE R. N. , LAALI K. , GOULD E. S.
Published: May 2016

The reduction of bis chelate (I) with H3PO2 passes through a mixture of strongly absorbing intermediates, the behavior of which corresponds to chromium(IV) species.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Chromium(II) with Iodoacetamide and Properties of (H2O)5CrCH2CO(NH2)2+.
Authors: KITA P. , JORDAN R. B.
Published: May 2016

Aqueous Cr(II) perchlorate reacts with ICH2CONH2 in aqueous perchloric acid to give the expected products ((H2O)5CrI)2+ (50%), ((H2O)5CrOC(NH2)CH3)3+ (18%), and ((H2O)5CrCH2CONH2)2+ (30%).
ChemInform Abstract: Thorium and Uranium Porphyrins. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(acetylacetonato)(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethylporphyrinato)thorium(IV).
Authors: DORMOND A. , BELKALEM B. , CHARPIN P. , LANCE M. , VIGNER D. , FOLCHER G. , GUILARD R.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the tetrachlorides (I) with the porphyrins (II) affords the dichloro complexes (III) which react with sodium acetylacetonate to give the derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar Complexation with Uranium Ion. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Analysis of UO2‐Fructose Adducts.
Authors: TAJMIR‐RIAHI H. A.
Published: May 2016

β‐D‐Fructose reacts with hydrated uranyl salts to give the 1:1 adducts (I) which are characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, molar conductivity, and X‐ray powder diffraction measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Boranates and Boranatometallates. Part 13. Preparation and Molecular Structure of Uranium(III) Tetrahydridoborate‐3‐tetrahydrofuran.
Authors: MAENNIG D. + , NOETH H. +
Published: May 2016

The title compound, U(BH4)3(THF)3, is formed from UH3 and diborane in the presence of THF as a solvent with 4% yield.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Selective Binding and Activation of One Aldehyde Enantioface: Synthesis and Reactivity of Rhenium Aldehyde Complexes ((η5‐C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(η2‐RCH=O))+PF‐ 6.
Authors: FERNANDEZ J. M. , EMERSON K. , LARSEN R. H. , GLADYSZ J. A.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (I) with HPF6 easily generates the chiral coordinatively unsaturated pyramidal cation (II), which on addition of aldehydes (III) binds one aldehyde enantioface to give (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Bonding in Metalloporphyrins. Mechanistic Study of the Reactions of (Tetraphenylporphinato)iron(III) Azide with Imidazole and N‐Methylimidazole.
Authors: BYERS W. , COSSHAM J. A. , EDWARDS J. O. , GORDON A. T. , JONES J. G. , KENNY E. T. P. , MAHMOOD A. , MCKNIGHT J. , SWEIGART D. A. , TONDREAU G. A. , WRIGHT T.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction is studied in acetone and dichloromethane.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Complexes with a μ‐Cyano Ligand. Part 12. Synthesis and Characterization of cis‐((aa)2FCr‐NC‐Fe(CN)4NO) (aa: 1,3‐Propanediamine and 1,2‐Cyclohexanediamine) Kinetics of the Anation in the Solid State.
Authors: CORBELLA M. , MONFORT M. , RIBAS J.
Published: May 2016

The new mixed complex salts (I) are prepared from the analogous perchlorates by anion exchange in aqueous solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Octahedral Nickel(II) Dithiocarboxylates.
Authors: BORER L. L. , KONG J. , SINN E.
Published: May 2016

The heterocyclic zwitterionic 1,3‐dimethylimidazoliumdithiocarboxylate reacts with NiCl2 or (NEt4)2(NiCl4) and with Ni(II)‐nitrate in acetonitrile to give the paramagnetic octahedral Ni complexes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Observations on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Flexible Dinucleating Schiff Base Ligands.
Authors: ADAMS H. , BAILEY N. A. , FENTON D. E. , MOODY R. , LATOUR J. M.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of appropriate Schiff bases with copper(II) ethanoate in the presence of a bridging ligand X results in the formation of complexes of type (I) and (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Modified Proteins. Reactions of cis‐(Ru(NH3)4(OH2)2)2+ and cis‐(Ru(en)2(OH2)2)2+ with Azurin, Myoglobin and Cytochrome c.
Authors: CHE C.‐M. , MARGALIT R. , CHIANG H.‐J. , GRAY H. B.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of the Ru title complexes generated by Zn(Hg) reduction of cis‐(RuL4Cl2)+ (L: NH3 or 2 L: en), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (Az), horse heart myoglobin (Mbh), and horse heart cytochrome c (cyt c) give Ru‐labelled proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bromo Derivatives of 6β‐Bromocholest‐4‐en‐3‐one with NaBH4 and 13C‐NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of the Reduction Products.
Authors: ROEMER J. + , SCHELLER D. , GROSSMANN G.
Published: May 2016

The NaBH4 reduction of the title compound (Ia) was studied earlier and, unexpectedly, the formation of the corresponding derivative of type (III) ‐ i.e. the compound (III) (R1 to R3 = ‐H) ‐ was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of threo‐(2S,3R)‐2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxypentanedioic Acid 5‐Amide (threo‐β‐Hydroxy‐L‐glutamine).
Authors: CARDANI S. , PRATI L. , TINTI O.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of threo‐(VIa) and erythro‐β‐hydroxy‐L‐glutamine (VIb) from the vinyl glycine derivative (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 8α‐Substituted 9,10‐Didehydroergolines.
Authors: SAUER G. , HAFFER G. , WACHTEL H.
Published: May 2016

Lithium in ammonia stereoselectively reduces the 9,10‐double bond of the didehydroergolines (I) and (III), yielding (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Stereochemistry of Insecticidal Diterpenes from the Sea Pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi.
Authors: HENDRICKSON R. L. , CARDELLINA J. H. II
Published: May 2016

To clarify the absolute stereochemistry of ptilosarcenone (Ia) and ptilosarcone (IIIa) a reinvestigation of the title sea pen is carried out, also leading to the discovery of the five new diterpenes (Ib), (II) and (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 1,1,ω‐Trichloro‐1‐alkenes with Alkylmagnesium Chlorides Catalyzed by Palladium(II) and Copper(II) Complexes and the Synthesis of 10‐Propyl‐5(E),9‐tridecadien‐1‐ol Acetate (“Propylure”).
Authors: ZAKHARKIN L. I. , ANIKINA E. V.
Published: May 2016

The reactions between the dichlorovinyl ω‐chloroalkenes (I) and the Grignard reagents (II) proceed unsymmetrically, i.e. substitution of both of the chlorine atoms of the dichlorovinyl group takes place while the chloromethyl group remains unaffected.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus(V) Oxides.
Authors: SHARMA B. D.
Published: May 2016

On the basis of previously reported structural data it is suggested that the so‐called crystalline polymorphs of P2O5 are in fact three distinct compounds with different structural characteristics but with the same empirical formula.
ChemInform Abstract: Identification and Characterization of Mixed Oxidation States at Oxidized Titanium Surfaces by Analysis of X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectra.
Authors: CARLEY A. F. , CHALKER P. R. , RIVIERE J. C. , ROBERTS M. W.
Published: May 2016

The Ti(2p) core‐level spectra obtained during the growth of thin oxide films on a clean Ti foil have been analyzed using the spectral substraction method, which offers many advantages over curve‐fitting approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Semiconductor Colloids. Part 17. Strong Luminescing CdS and CdS‐Ag2S Particles.
Authors: SPANHEL L. , WELLER H. , FOJTIK A. , HENGLEIN A.
Published: May 2016

The luminescence of colloidal CdS in aqueous solutions containing sodium polyphosphate as stabilizer is activated by addition of either AgClO4 or colloidal Ag2S. The degree of activation is controlled by the concentration of polyphosphate and added divalent metal ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Ti3O5 with Chromium Additions.
Authors: SHVEIKIN G. P. , KELLERMAN D. G. , GORSHKOV V. S. , PERELYAEV V. A.
Published: May 2016

Magnetic susceptibilities of solid solutions Ti3‐xCrxO5 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.17 have been measured and the contributions of the α‐phase to the magnetic susceptibility are defined by a statistical analysis of the data.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium(III) Hydrolysis Constants and Solubility of Chromium(III) Hydroxide.
Authors: RAI D. , SASS B. M. , MOORE D. A.
Published: May 2016

From the results of determinations of the solubility product of Cr(OH)3(s) and of Cr(III) hydrolysis constants it is clearly shown that 1) polynuclear species do not become dominant, 2) CrOH2+, possibly Cr(OH)0 3, and Cr(OH)‐ 4 are the dominant mononuclear species in a pH range of about 2.6‐14, and 3) hydrolysis constants reported in the literature, esp.
ChemInform Abstract: The Kinetics of the Reactions of S2 with O, O2, O3, N2O, NO, and NO2
Authors: HILLS A. J. , CICERONE R. J. , CALVERT J. G. , BIRKS J. W.
Published: May 2016

have been investigated at 409 K and low pressure (0.9‐3.0 torr) in a discharge flow system with mass spectrometric detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroorganic Chemistry. Part 101. Electrooxidative Rearrangement of Tosylamino Group: Facile Synthesis of α‐Amino Aldehydes from Primary Amines.
Authors: SHONO T. , MATSUMURA Y. , KATOH S. , INOUE K. , MATSUMOTO Y.
Published: May 2016

The tosylamides (I) are electrooxidatively converted to the acetals (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Synthesis of Octahydro‐ and 3a,4,5,6,7,7a‐Hexahydrobenzo(b)thiophenes from Methyl (E)‐4‐Mercapto‐2,6‐heptadienoate and Alkenes or Alkynes via Consecutive Radical Ring Closure.
Authors: KIESEWETTER R. , MARGARETHA P.
Published: May 2016

The photolysis of the thiophene (I) leads to the ester (II) which is accompanied by the thiolane (III) formed via ring closure of the alkylthio radical under prolonged irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Rearrangement of N‐Substituted 2‐Methyl‐5‐nitro‐1H‐imidazoles in the Presence of Water.
Authors: PFOERTNER K.‐H. , DALY J. J.
Published: May 2016

In a first reaction step, the photorearrangement of the imidazoles (I) yields the products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactivity of Metal‐Containing Monomers. Part 5. Hydrogenation of Transition Metal Acrylates.
Authors: KLYUEV M. V. , TERESHKO L. V. , DZHARDIMALIEVA G. I. , POLOGAI A. D.
Published: May 2016

The hydrogenation of the metal acrylates (I), producing the corresponding propionates (II), is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroammonolysis of Di‐n‐heptyl Ether and n‐Heptyl Oenanthate on an Iron Catalyst.
Authors: KLIGER G. A. , LESIK O. A. , MARCHEVSKAYA E. V. , GLEBOV L. S. , LOKHTEV S. M.
Published: May 2016

Hydrogenolysis as well as hydroammonolysis of di‐n‐heptyl ether (Ia) produce n‐heptane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Geminal Dimethylation of Aromatic Aldehydes with Dichlorodimethyltitanium.
Authors: REETZ M. T. , KYUNG S.‐H.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction of the aldehydes (I) yields the products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐Alkenes via Alkenyldialkylboranes.
Authors: HOSHI M. , MASUDA Y. , ARASE A.
Published: May 2016

Addition of the dialkylboranes (I) to the alkynes (II), according to a known procedure, affords the alkenyldialkylboranes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis of Ethyl 4‐Pentenoate and Co‐Metathesis with α‐Olefins.
Authors: VDOVIN V. M. , BESPALOVA N. B. , BOVINA M. A.
Published: May 2016

The tungsten hexachloride/tetramethyldisilacyclobutane system (II) catalyzes the metathesis reaction of ethyl 4‐pentenoate (I), producing the octenedioate (III), and the co‐metathesis of (I) with 1‐heptene (V) to form a mixture of the compounds (III), (IV), (VI), and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Donors and Acceptors. Part 43. 9,12,22,25‐Tetramethoxy(7.7)paracyclophane‐4,17‐dione: Synthesis and Molecular Structure.
Authors: STAAB H. A. , MATZKE G. , KRIEGER C.
Published: May 2016

The title dione (IV) is synthesized starting from the iodide (Ib) which in turn is prepared from the bromide (Ia) by reaction with KI.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions in Syntheses. Part 33. Practicable Synthesis of (1R,4R)‐ 5‐(L‐Menthoxy)‐2‐azabicyclo(2.2.0)hex‐5‐en‐3‐one and Its Derivatives: New Building Blocks for Carbapenem Nuclei.
Authors: SATO M. , KATAGIRI N. , MUTO M. , HANEDA T. , KANEKO C.
Published: May 2016

4‐Nitropyridine‐N‐oxide (I) reacts with the L‐menthoxide (II), yielding 4‐L‐menthoxy‐pyridine‐N‐oxide (III) which is rearranged to form the pyridone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Reaction of α‐Methylene‐β‐peroxy Lactones with Olefins.
Authors: ADAM W. , GRIESBECK A. , KAPPES D.
Published: May 2016

Photooxygenation of the substituted acrylic acids (I) gives the α‐methylene‐β‐peroxy lactones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrosynthesis of 1,2‐Dithiolane 1‐Oxides from Substituted 1,3‐Dithianes.
Authors: GLASS R. S. , PETSOM A. , WILSON G. S. , MARTINEZ R. , JUARISTI E.
Published: May 2016

Anodic oxidation of the 1,3‐dithianes (I) yields the dithiolane‐1‐oxide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Adducts of N,N′‐Diphenylformamidine with Oxalyl Chloride and Phosgene.
Authors: BARSA E. A. , RICHTER R.
Published: May 2016

Diphenylformamidine (I) reacts with phosgene (II) or oxalyl chloride (VII) to form the adducts (III) or (VIIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Antiradiation Agents. δ‐3‐Thiazolines.
Authors: DUBIEF R. , ROBBE Y. , FERNANDEZ J.‐P. , SUBRA G. , TEROL A. , CHAPAT J.‐P. , SENTENAC‐ROUMANOU H. , FATOME M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the ketones (I) with the mercaptoaldehyde (II) in the presence of NH3 leads to the thiazolines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: New Photochemical Approaches to the Synthesis of Chromones.
Authors: ALVARO M. , GARCIA H. , IBORRA S. , MIRANDA M. A. , PRIMO J.
Published: May 2016

The p‐methoxyphenyl and the p‐methylphenyl esters (III), (V) and (VI) are prepared as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 1,2,3‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐ Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: POGOSYAN S. A. , MATEVOSYAN L. A. , MELIK‐OGANDZHANYAN A. S. , SAFRAZBEKYAN R. R. , ARZANYNTS E. M. , SARKISYAN I. S. , PARONIKYAN R. G. , AKOPYAN N. E.
Published: May 2016

The condensation product (III) of α‐methyltryptamine (I) and veratraldehyde (II) is alkylated by the chloroalkanoic amides (IV) to yield the amides (V) which are reduced, forming the amines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of α‐Diketone Monophenylhydrazones in the Pyrimidine Series.
Authors: DYATLOV V. A. , GOLOLOBOV YU. G. , PETROVSKII P. V. , ESPENBETOV A. A. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , ZAGULYAEVA O. A. , MAMAEV V. P.
Published: May 2016

The monohydrazones of phenylpyrimidinylglyoxals (III) are obtained from the phenacylpyrimidines (I) and a phenyldiazonium salt (II) in alkaline solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen Bridgehead Compounds. Part 65. Vilsmeier‐Haack Formylation of 4H‐Pyrido(1,2‐a)pyrimidin‐4‐ones. Part 6.
Authors: HORVATH A. , HERMECZ J.
Published: May 2016

The formylation of the pyridopyrimidinones (Ia) ‐ (Id) fails, but the activated derivatives (Ie) ‐ (Im) can be formylated to produce (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from Carbohydrate Precursors. Part 28. Synthesis of p‐Fluorophenylflavazoles from Dehydro‐D‐isoascorbic Acid.
Authors: EL ASHRY E. S. H. , RAHMAN M. A. , LABIB G. H. , EL‐MASSRY A. M. , MOFTI A.
Published: May 2016

The quinoxalinone derivative (IVa) is prepared from D‐isoascorbic acid (I) by a one‐pot procedure, consisting in the oxidation with p‐benzoquinone and the reaction with o‐phenylenediamine (II) and the arylhydrazine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Additions of Thiols to Levoglucosenone.
Authors: ESSIG M. G.
Published: May 2016

Addition of several thiols (II) to levoglucosenone (I) gives the products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Pathways to Simple Di‐ and Trisilylmethanes: Potential Starting Materials for the CVD Deposition of Amorphous Silicon a‐SiC:H.
Authors: SCHMIDBAUR H. , EBENHOECH J. +
Published: May 2016

Benkeser reaction between (I) and (II) followed by reduction affords the di‐ and trisilylmethanes (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Silylated Enamines via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1‐Aza‐ and 1,4‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: BROCKMANN M. , TOM DIECK H.
Published: May 2016

The catalytic hydrosilylation of the 1,4‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes (I) with the silane (II) in the presence of Rhodium(I) complexes carrying unsaturated diaza ligands produces the N‐silylated enediamine (III) and the tautomeric aminoimine (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(bromomagnesio)trimethylsilylmethane.
Authors: VAN DE HEISTEEG B. J. J. , SCHAT G. , TINGA M. A. G. M. , AKKERMAN O. S. , BICKELHAUPT F.
Published: May 2016

Trimethyldibromomethylsilane (I) reacts with Mg‐amalgame, yielding the bis(magnesium) compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodi‐ and ‐trisilazanes ‐ Synthesis, Reactions and Ring Coupling.
Authors: EGERT E. , KLIEBISCH U. , KLINGEBIEL U. , SCHMIDT D.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the lithium salt of (I) with (II) or (V) does not afford the expected cyclodisilazane but rather the cyclotrisilazane (IV) and the open‐chain product (VII), formed by loss of ammonia from the intermediates (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Siloxanes. Part 4. Acetolysis of the Configurational Isomers of 1‐Chloro‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐3,5‐bis(trimethylsiloxy)cyclotrisiloxane.
Authors: SCHEIM U. , RUEHLMANN K. + , GROSSE‐RUYKEN H. , PORZEL A.
Published: May 2016

The acetolysis of the 1‐chlorocyclotrisiloxane (I), yielding the acetate (II), is investigated using 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Phenyl‐1,4‐thiaphosphorinane and Its Selenide.
Authors: VORONKOV M. G. , KUDYAKOV N. M. , VITKOVSKII V. YU. , ALBANOV A. I. , TROFIMOV B. A.
Published: May 2016

The photoreaction of phenylphosphine with divinyl sulfide gives the thiaphosphorinane (III) which is quantitatively transformed into its selenide.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Isocyanides at the Metal Complex. Part 9. Radical Alkylation of Cyano Complexes. Part 2. O‐Heterocyclic Isocyanides.
Authors: FEHLHAMMER W. P. , DEGEL F. , BECK G.
Published: May 2016

Aryldiazonium pentacarbonyl(cyano)chromates decompose even below 20 °C with evolution of N2 and formation of Cr(CO)5‐CNR (R being derived from the solvent).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of a Terminal Phosphinidene Complex with a Carbene Complex. Synthesis of a Phosphorus‐Carbon Double Bond Through Phosphinidene‐Carbene Coupling.
Authors: HOA TRAN HUY N. , MATHEY F.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of equimolar amounts of the carbene complex (II) with transient (phenylphosphinidene)pentacarbonyltungsten, derived from (I), gives the phosphaalkene complex (III) which spontaneously dimerizes to form the corresponding 1,2‐diphosphetane complex (IV) as a mixture of the E and Z isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Metal‐Metal Bond‐Forming Reaction: Synthesis, Structure, and Mechanism of Formation of (η‐C5H5)(CO)Fe(μ‐C(O)‐p‐tolyl)(μ‐CO)Mo(NO)(η‐C5H5), a Rare π‐Bound μ‐Acyl Compound.
Authors: BONNESEN P. V. , BAKER A. T. , HERSH W. H.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the anionic "acyl" Mo complex (II) prepared as shown with the cationic Fe complex (III) leads to the cis and trans isomers of the binuclear μ‐acyl complex (V) via the intermediate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 22. Stereoisomers of the Dichloro(3,6‐diaza‐2S,7S‐di(2‐pyridyl)octane)cobalt(III) Ion and Related Species.
Authors: JONES P. , WILLIAMS P. A. , VAGG R. S.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the ligand 2S,7S‐octane (I) with CoCl2 and O2 in aqueous solution yields a mixture, from which may be isolated three chelate diastereomers (II)‐(IV) after addition of HCl and HClO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Copper(II) Complexes with Ligands Derived from the Schiff Base Reaction Between 2‐Pyridinecarboxaldehyde and Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: JOHNSON D. W. , MAYER H. K.
Published: May 2016

The required ligands, prepared by refluxing the appropriate amine and aldehyde in benzene, react without further purification or isolation with Cu perchlorate in MeOH to yield the title complexes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behaviour of Bischromatodihydroxobis(pyridine)tricopper(II) (Cu3(CrO4)2(OH)2(C5H5N)2).
Authors: BENSCH W. , SEFERIADIS N. , OSWALD H. R.
Published: May 2016

The title compound is prepared by slow crystallization from a hot aqueous solution of copper(II) dichromate and Py (no yield given).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Structure of Copper, Silver, and Gold Complexes of the Type (C5Me5CS2)M(PR3)n Containing a Mono‐ or Bidentate Dithiocarboxylato Ligand.
Authors: OTTO H. , WERNER H.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the pentahapto or monohapto complexes (II) or (VI) with CS2 lead to insertion of CS2 into the C5Me5‐M bond with formation of the corresponding dithiocarboxylato complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Cationic Rhodium(I) Complexes with Diolefins and Isoquinoline N‐Oxide as Ligands.
Authors: CHRISTOFIDES A. , DRIGAS D. , TOURKA E.
Published: May 2016

The complexes (Ia)‐(Ic) are prepared by treating the corresponding dimeric chlorodiolefin complex with AgClO4 in Me2CO and addition of isoquinoline N‐oxide hydrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Components from the Roots of Sambucus ebulus L. (Caprifoliaceae). Part 3. New Iridoid Glycosides and a Monoterpene Glycoside from Sambucus ebulus L. (Caprifoliaceae).
Authors: GROSS G.‐A. , STICHER O. , ANKLIN C.
Published: May 2016

The novel iridoid glycosides (I) and (II) and the novel open‐chain monoterpene glycoside (III) are isolated from the roots of Sambucus ebulus.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(Dimethylamino)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2H‐azirine as an Aib Equivalent; Synthesis of Aib Oligopeptides.
Authors: OBRECHT D. , HEIMGARTNER H.
Published: May 2016

The azirine (I) reacts with the carboxylic acids (II) to give the acylamino acid dimethylamides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Higher‐Carbon Sugars. Part 4. A Synthesis of L‐Galacto‐D‐galacto‐decose.
Authors: BRIMACOMBE J. S. , KABIR A. K. M. S.
Published: May 2016

Wittig reaction of the octose (I) yields the E‐ and Z‐isomers (IIa) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Partial Protection of Carbohydrate Derivatives. Part 17. A Facile Procedure for Regioselective 1‐O‐Deacylation of Fully Acylated Sugars with Sodium Methoxide.
Authors: ITOH T. , TAKAMURA H. , WATANABE K. , ARAKI Y. , ISHIDO Y.
Published: May 2016

Regioselective 1‐O‐deacylation of fully acylated sugars, e.g. (I), (III), and (V), is achieved by treatment with sodium methoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzomorphan Related Compounds. Part 22. Reduction of 3‐(Tetrahydropyridyl)indoles to Indolines. Synthesis of a New Type of Indolomorphan.
Authors: BONJOCH J. , BONCOMPTE F. , CASAMITJANA N. , BOSCH J.
Published: May 2016

Following the reaction conditions indicated in the scheme the indole (I) as well as its isomer (IV) can be transformed to tetracycles of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Eudistomins. Part 1. Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐3‐ thiaindolo(2,3‐a)quinolizidine.
Authors: NAKAGAWA M. , LIU J.‐J. , OGATA K. , HINO T.
Published: May 2016

The thiazolidine derivative (I), prepared from L‐cysteine, is coupled with tryptamine (II) to form the amide (IIIa), which is sulfurized by Lawessons reagent, yielding the thioamide (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Prostaglandin Chemistry. Part 30. Synthesis of Chemically Stable PGI2 Analogues. Part 2. Synthesis of Halogen Substituted PGI2 Analogues.
Authors: BANNAI K. , TORU T. , OBA T. , TANAKA T. , OKAMURA N. , WATANABE K. , HAZATO A. , KUROZUMI S.
Published: May 2016

Title compounds of type (IV)‐(VIII) are synthesized starting from the esters (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 11. Synthesis of Four MIF Analogues Containing an N‐Terminal (S)‐5‐Thioxoprolyl Residue.
Authors: ANDERSEN T. P. , SENNING A.
Published: May 2016

The amides (IV) are prepared by aminolysis of the ester (I) (→ (III)) and subsequent deblocking.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Diels‐Alder Adduct (I) of Furan. Formal Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Avenaciolide.
Authors: KOTSUKI H. , OHNISHI H. , AKITOMO Y. , OCHI M.
Published: May 2016

The adduct (I) is sequentially transformed to the bis‐lactone (VII) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Quassinoids. Part 2. A New Approach to the BCD Ring System.
Authors: STEVENS R. V. , ANGLE S. R. , KLOC K. , MAK K. F. , TRUEBLOOD K. N. , LIU Y.‐X.
Published: May 2016

The adducts (III) are formed from the quinones (I) and the dienes (II) in a selective Diels‐Alder reaction.
Death by a thousand cuts: the slow demise of chemotherapy
Authors: Nooka Ajay K. , Lonial Sagar
Published: May 2016

Combining cytotoxic agents with novel agents is an inferior treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory myeloma. Not all combination therapies have the same efficacy, and the agents in the combinations do matter. See also pages 2050‐6.
No cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of graphene and graphene oxide in murine lung epithelial FE1 cells in vitro
Authors: Bengtson Stefan , Kling Kirsten , Madsen Anne Mette , Noergaard Asger W. , Jacobsen Nicklas Raun , Clausen Per Axel , Alonso Beatriz , Pesquera Amaia , Zurutuza Amaia , Ramos Raphael , Okuno Hanako , Dijon Jean , Wallin Håkan , Vogel Ulla
Published: May 2016

Graphene and graphene oxide receive much attention these years, because they add attractive properties to a wide range of applications and products. Several studies have shown toxicological effects of other carbon‐based nanomaterials such as carbon black nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report in‐depth physicochemical characterization of three commercial graphene materials, one graphene oxide (GO) and two reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and assess cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the murine lung epithelial cell line FE1. The studied GO and rGO mainly consisted of 2–3 graphene layers with lateral sizes of 1–2 µm. GO had almost equimolar content of C, O, and H while the two rGO materials had lower contents of oxygen with C/O and C/H ratios of 8 and 12.8, respectively. All materials had low levels of endotoxin and low levels of inorganic impurities, which were mainly sulphur, manganese, and silicon. GO generated more ROS than the two rGO materials, but none of the graphene materials influenced cytotoxicity in terms of cell viability and cell proliferation after 24 hr. Furthermore, no genotoxicity was observed using the alkaline comet assay following 3 or 24 hr of exposure. We demonstrate that chemically pure, few‐layered GO and rGO with comparable lateral size (> 1 µm) do not induce significant cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in FE1 cells at relatively high doses (5–200 µg/ml). Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:469–482, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LPS Induces Hyper‐Permeability of Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Bein Amir , Zilbershtein Alexander , Golosovsky Michael , Davidov Dan , Schwartz Betty
Published: May 2016

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory disorder leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. A growing body of evidence demonstrate the key role of the Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in NEC. This membranal receptor recognizes lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the bacterial wall and triggers an inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of LPS on paracellular permeability known to be severely affected in NEC. IEC‐18 cells were treated with LPS and the effects on morphology, paracellular permeability and their associated gene and protein expressions were measured. Our results show that LPS down regulated the expression of occludin and ZO‐1 mRNAs while up regulating Cdkn1a. In addition LPS caused a significant increase in paracellular permeability and epithelial barrier damage. Finally ZO‐1 protein was found to be spatially disarrayed in the intercellular junctions in response to LPS. We conclude that LPS adversely affected the functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier suggesting a new mechanism by which bacterial infection may contribute to the development of NEC. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 381–390, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid‐ to Late Holocene climate transition and moisture dynamics inferred from South Swedish tree‐ring data
Authors: Edvardsson Johannes
Published: May 2016

A 1561‐year tree‐ring width (TRW) chronology covering the period 2668–1108 BC (4617–3057 BP) has been developed from 159 moisture‐sensitive peatland pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) sampled at Åbuamossen, southern Sweden. Tree population dynamics and annual growth responses of the trees were shown to reflect and give absolute age to regional hydro‐climatological changes. The main wet‐shifts recorded in the TRW data were precisely dated to 2150–2100, 1550 and 1230–1150 BC (4100–4050, 3500 and 3180–3000 BP) and are likely to be related to the stepwise Mid‐ to Late Holocene climate transition, during which the condition changed from relatively warm and dry towards cold and moist in the northern hemisphere. The tree‐colonization phase was ended by several long‐lasting periods showing depressed annual tree growth and an abrupt dying‐off phase, possibly caused by increasing water level in the peatland as well as the adjacent river Helge Å. This study demonstrates that TRW data obtained from subfossil peatland trees can provide detailed information and exact age control on moisture variability in peatlands associated with regional hydroclimatic changes. Moreover, the combined information from the stratigraphical and the TRW analyses enabled a detailed temporal and spatial site development reconstruction.
From the Perspective of Capability: Identifying Six Roles for a Successful Strategic Foresight Process
Authors: Maertins Anne
Published: May 2016

Six roles for successful strategic foresight are deduced based on the social practice approach.
The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE Pathway As a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Target: An Update
Authors: Lu Meng‐Chen , Ji Jian‐Ai , Jiang Zheng‐Yu , You Qi‐Dong
Published: May 2016

The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE ((Kelch‐like ECH‐Associating protein 1) nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2‐antioxidant response element) pathway is one of the most important defense mechanisms against oxidative and/or electrophilic stresses, and it is closely associated with inflammatory diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. In recent years, progress has been made in strategies aimed at modulating the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway. The Nrf2 activator DMF (Dimethylfumarates) has been approved by the FDA as a new first‐line oral drug to treat patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, while a phase 3 study of another promising candidate, CDDO‐Me, was terminated for safety reasons. Directly inhibiting Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interactions as a novel Nrf2‐modulating strategy has many advantages over using electrophilic Nrf2 activators. The development of Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction inhibitors has become a topic of intense research, and potent inhibitors of this target have been identified. In addition, inhibiting Nrf2 activity has attracted an increasing amount of attention because it may provide an alternative cancer therapy. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE system. The main focus of this review is on recent progress in studies of agents that target the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway and the therapeutic applications of such agents.
Susceptibility‐weighted imaging: current status and future directions
Authors: Liu Saifeng , Buch Sagar , Chen Yongsheng , Choi Hyun‐Seok , Dai Yongming , Habib Charbel , Hu Jiani , Jung Joon‐Yong , Luo Yu , Utriainen David , Wang Meiyun , Wu Dongmei , Xia Shuang , Haacke E. Mark
Published: May 2016

Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) is a method that uses the intrinsic nature of local magnetic fields to enhance image contrast in order to improve the visibility of various susceptibility sources and to facilitate diagnostic interpretation. It is also the precursor to the concept of the use of phase for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Nowadays, SWI has become a widely used clinical tool to image deoxyhemoglobin in veins, iron deposition in the brain, hemorrhages, microbleeds and calcification. In this article, we review the basics of SWI, including data acquisition, data reconstruction and post‐processing. In particular, the source of cusp artifacts in phase images is investigated in detail and an improved multi‐channel phase data combination algorithm is provided. In addition, we show a few clinical applications of SWI for the imaging of stroke, traumatic brain injury, carotid vessel wall, siderotic nodules in cirrhotic liver, prostate cancer, prostatic calcification, spinal cord injury and intervertebral disc degeneration. As the clinical applications of SWI continue to expand both in and outside the brain, the improvement of SWI in conjunction with QSM is an important future direction of this technology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Optical Properties of 40 wt% Nickel Chloride Doped Carboxymethyl Cellulose Film Treated With Nitrogen Plasma
Authors: Mahmoud Khaled H. , Abdel‐Rahim Farid M.
Published: May 2016

Carboxymethyl cellulose film doped with 40 wt% nickel chloride (NiCI2·6H2O) has been prepared by casting technique. The prepared film sample has been treated with nitrogen plasma at different exposure times. The optical absorption was recorded at room temperature in the wavelength range of 190–2,500 nm. From the absorption edge studies, the values of the Urbach energy (Ee) were found to be 0.99eV in case of the pristine film; however, the Urbach energy values were found to be in the range of 0.72–0.92 eV under different plasma treatment times. These energy values indicate that the model based on random fluctuations of the internal fields associated with structure disorder is preferable and consequently transitions occurred through localized and extended states. Modulation of refractive index and complex dielectric constants has been also studied. Variation of color parameters under effect of the plasma treatment are discussed in the frame work of CIE L* u* v* color space. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1292–1296, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Emodin: A Review of its Pharmacology, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Dong Xiaoxv , Fu Jing , Yin Xingbin , Cao Sali , Li Xuechun , Lin Longfei ,   Huyiligeqi, Ni Jian
Published: May 2016

Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that occurs in many widely used Chinese medicinal herbs, such as Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum and Polygonum multiflorum. Emodin has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years and is still present in various herbal preparations. Emerging evidence indicates that emodin possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. However, emodin could also lead to hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity and reproductive toxicity, particularly in high doses and with long‐term use. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that emodin has poor oral bioavailability in rats because of its extensive glucuronidation. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using digital recordings and sonogram analysis to obtain counts of yellow rails
Authors: Drake Kiel L. , Frey Matthew , Hogan Danica , Hedley Richard
Published: May 2016

Autonomous recording units (ARUs) are emerging as a useful technology for the study and monitoring of animals that produce vocalizations. During summer and fall of 2013, we performed a series of experiments aimed at developing sampling protocols to count nocturnally active yellow rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis) from sound recordings. Field‐based portions of the work took place in the rural municipality of Foam Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada, in an open landscape where yellow rails can be found during the breeding season; lab‐based portions of the work occurred in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. Our objectives were to 1) determine the frequency of yellow rail vocalizations to derive an empirically based sampling interval for counting individual birds; 2) assess the accuracy of yellow rail counts made from recordings; 3) determine the approximate sampling radius of the ARU for detecting yellow rails; and 4) determine the approximate audio volume (“loudness”) of yellow rail calls. We developed a sonogram‐based method for counting individual birds on recordings. Using field recordings of individual yellow rails, we generated recordings with known numbers of calling individuals (i.e., 1–12) and tested the accuracy of the sonogram‐based counts. Regardless of experience, observers were able to determine the number of rails calling with a high level of accuracy, especially when the chorus was composed of ≤6 individuals. From broadcast trials employing multiple ARUs, we found the effective detection radius of calling yellow rails to be between 150 m and 175 m. Although detection radius was influenced by broadcast intensity and ambient conditions, we view this range of distance as a reasonable estimate of the effective sampling radius for the ARUs that we used, which is useful for deriving values of density estimates. Finally, we measured loudness of yellow rail calling at approximately 95 dB; this value is useful to research efforts attempting to mimic actual yellow rails (e.g., call‐broadcast surveys, additional ARU experiments). A combination of the sonogram‐counting method and baseline information on detection radius of the ARU provides a tool that will generate high‐quality data on yellow rail occurrence, abundance, and density. Digital recorders represent a means to rapidly improve survey coverage of yellow rails throughout the species' range. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Comparison of Salvage Living Donor Liver Transplantation and Local Regional Therapy for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yong Chee‐Chien , Tsai Ming‐Chao , Lin Chih‐Che , Wang Chih‐Chi , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Hung Chao‐Hung , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Chen Chao‐Long
Published: May 2016

Background and aims

Salvage liver transplantation (LT) provides definite treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after primary liver resection. However, salvage living donor LT (SLDLT) involves more surgical difficulty, compared to local regional therapy (LRT). The optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. This study aims to compare the survival between SLDLT and LRT for patients with recurrent HCC after primary hepatic resection in a single center.

Methods

Between 2001 and 2010, 211 patients with recurrent HCC after primary liver resection and a certain Milan criteria were enrolled. Among these patients, 41 and 170 patients received SLDLT and LRT, respectively. Clinical parameters were analyzed in terms of overall survival by multivariate analysis.

Results

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 90.2, 80.4, and 80.4 % in the SLDLT group, and 91.6, 71.7, and 51.1 % in LRT group, respectively. A paradoxical phenomenon of survival was noticed—a poorer survival rate within the first year in the SLDLT group but a better one after that year. For patients who survived more than 1 year, the SLDLT led to significantly better survival outcomes than LRT (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, SLDLT and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level < 200 ng/ml at recurrence were associated with better survival.

Conclusions

To manage recurrent HCC, SLDLT with reasonable surgical mortality provided better long‐term survival. AFP is an independent risk factor for overall survival.
Effects of developmental alcohol and valproic acid exposure on play behavior of ferrets
Authors: Krahe Thomas E. , Filgueiras Claudio C. , Medina Alexandre E.
Published: May 2016

Exposure to alcohol and valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and fetal valproate syndrome, respectively. Altered social behavior is a hallmark of both these conditions and there is ample evidence showing that developmental exposure to alcohol and VPA affect social behavior in rodents. However, results from rodent models are somewhat difficult to translate to humans owing to the substantial differences in brain development, morphology, and connectivity. Since the cortex folding pattern is closely related to its specialization and that social behavior is strongly influenced by cortical structures, here we studied the effects of developmental alcohol and VPA exposure on the play behavior of the ferret, a gyrencephalic animal known for its playful nature. Animals were injected with alcohol (3.5 g/kg, i.p.), VPA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline (i.p) every other day during the brain growth spurt period, between postnatal days 10 and 30. The play behavior of pairs of the same experimental group was evaluated 3 weeks later. Both treatments induced significant behavioral differences compared to controls. Alcohol and VPA exposed ferrets played less than saline treated ones, but while animals from the alcohol group displayed a delay in start playing with each other, VPA treated ones spent most of the time close to one another without playing. These findings not only extend previous results on the effects of developmental exposure to alcohol and VPA on social behavior, but make the ferret a great model to study the underlying mechanisms of social interaction.
Kant's Demonstration of Free Will, Or, How to Do Things with Concepts
Authors: YOST BENJAMIN S.
Published: May 2016

Kant famously insists that free will is a condition of morality. The difficulty of providing a demonstration of freedom has left him vulnerable to devastating attack: critics charge that Kant's post-Groundwork justification of morality amounts to a dogmatic assertion of morality's authority. My paper rebuts this objection, showing that Kant offers a cogent demonstration of freedom. My central claim is that the demonstration must be understood in practical rather than theoretical terms. A practical demonstration of x works by bringing x into existence, and what the demonstration of freedom brings into existence is a moral will, a will regulated by the moral law and capable of acting in accordance with it. Since to act morally is to act freely, bringing a moral will into existence actualizes our capacity for freedom and demonstrates that we possess it. To confirm the viability of such a demonstration, Kant must establish that agents can regulate their wills by practical principles, and that practical judgments are efficacious of themselves (i.e., that non-Humean motivational internalism is true). Kant, I argue, is successful on both counts.
Scientists Find Dead Lightning Branches That Come Back to Life
Authors: Gannon Megan
Published: May 2016

The detached bursts of brilliance might explain why the lowest point of a lightning bolt will sometimes suddenly brighten by up to 50% and double its speed as it hurtles to Earth.
Velocity-dependent quantum phase slips in 1D atomic superfluids
Authors: Tanzi Luca , Scaffidi Abbate Simona , Cataldini Federica , Gori Lorenzo , Lucioni Eleonora , Inguscio Massimo , Modugno Giovanni , D’Errico Chiara
Published: May 2016

Quantum phase slips are the primary excitations in one-dimensional superfluids and superconductors at low temperatures but their existence in ultracold quantum gases has not been demonstrated yet. We now study experimentally the nucleation rate of phase slips in one-dimensional superfluids realized with ultracold quantum gases, flowing along a periodic potential. We observe a crossover between a regime of temperature-dependent dissipation at small velocity and interaction and a second regime of velocity-dependent dissipation at larger velocity and interaction. This behavior is consistent with the predicted crossover from thermally-assisted quantum phase slips to purely quantum phase slips.