bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handling With Vaccine Type Missing Data in a Dynamic Cohort to Assess the Link Between Time‐Varying Vaccination and an Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Castillo‐Cano Belén , Comas‐Cufí Marc , Martín‐Merino Elisa
Published: November 2024

Objective

The information about the type of vaccine administrated may be missing in patients' health records. We aimed to apply a simple strategy, based on several factors, to impute, when missing, the type of administrated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines to study its association with thyroiditis.

Methods

The cohort study included Spanish health records (BIFAP) of girls. Follow‐up time was divided into non‐exposed, exposed, and post‐exposed. The vaccine type was obtained through a single stochastic imputation based on (non)clinical factors associated with both, missing and recorded values of 1st dose, confounders and outcome. HRs were estimated after imputation. As a secondary analysis, these were compared to other strategies: using only girls with vaccine type recorded (complete cases; CC) and all girls, including those without type recorded in a missing category (MiCat).

Results

A total of 808 201 observations for 388 411 girls were built. Vaccination type was carried out in 2.84% of 153 924 vaccinated girls remaining 35% for imputation. Fifteen factors associated and four confounders were identified for the imputation. HR departed by up to 10% overestimation for bi‐ and 10% underestimation for quadri‐ valent in the MiCat, whilst 24% and 3% respectively in the CC.

Conclusions

In our example, multiple factors associated with HPV vaccine type missing and values were identified suggesting missing not completely at random. Thus, CC and MiCat could bias the estimates. Those factors were used for imputation, doing more plausible the missing at random assumption. This strategy was simple, efficient and can be easily applied to analyses time‐varying exposure in pharmacoepidemiology.
Leaf pigmentation in Cannabis sativa: Characterization of anthocyanin biosynthesis in colorful Cannabis varieties
Authors: Gagalova Kristina K. , Yan Yifan , Wang Shumin , Matzat Till , Castellarin Simone D. , Birol Inanc , Edwards David , Schuetz Mathias
Published: November 2024

Cannabis plants produce a spectrum of secondary metabolites, encompassing cannabinoids and more than 300 non‐cannabinoid compounds. Among these, anthocyanins have important functions in plants and also have well documented health benefits. Anthocyanins are largely responsible for the red/purple color phenotypes in plants. Although some well‐known Cannabis varieties display a wide range of red/purple pigmentation, the genetic underpinnings of anthocyanin biosynthesis have not been well characterized in Cannabis. This study unveils the genetic diversity of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes found in Cannabis, and we characterize the diversity of anthocyanins and related phenolics found in four differently pigmented Cannabis varieties. Our investigation revealed that the genes 4CL, CHS, F3H, F3′H, FLS, DFR, ANS, and OMT exhibited the strongest correlation with anthocyanin accumulation in Cannabis leaves. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing Cannabis leaf pigmentation.
Cycling DOF factor mediated seasonal regulation of sexual reproduction and cold response is not conserved in Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Freidinger Alexander G. , Woodward Lauren A. , Bùi Jo Trang , Doty Gillian , Ruiz Shawn , Conant Erika , Hicks Karen A.
Published: November 2024

Many land plants have evolved such that the transition from vegetative to reproductive development is synchronized with environmental cues. Examples of reproduction in response to seasonal cues can be found in both vascular and nonvascular species; however, most of our understanding of the molecular events controlling this timing has been worked out in angiosperm model systems. While the organism‐level mechanisms of sexual reproduction vary dramatically between vascular and nonvascular plants, phylogenetic and transcriptomic evidence suggest paralogs in nonvascular plants may have conserved function with their vascular counterparts. Given that Physcomitrium patens undergoes sexual reproductive development in response to photoperiodic and cold temperature cues, it is well‐suited for studying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of seasonal control of reproduction. Thus, we used publicly available microarray data to identify genes differentially expressed in response to temperature cues. We identified two CDF‐like (CDL) genes in the P. patens genome that are the most like the angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana CDFs based on conservation of protein motifs and diurnal expression patterns. In angiosperms, DNA‐One Finger Transcription Factors (DOFs) play an important role in regulating photoperiodic flowering, regulating physiological changes in response to seasonal temperature changes, and mediating the cold stress response. We created knockout mutations and tested their impact on sexual reproduction and response to cold stress. Unexpectedly, the timing of sexual reproduction in the ppcdl‐double mutants did not differ significantly from wild type, suggesting that the PpCDLs are not necessary for seasonal regulation of this developmental transition. We also found that there was no change in expression of downstream cold‐regulated genes in response to cold stress and no change in freezing tolerance in the knockout mutant plants. Finally, we observed no interaction between PpCDLs and the partial homologs of FKF1, an A. thaliana repressor of CDFs. This is different from what is observed in angiosperms, which suggests that the functions of CDF proteins in angiosperms are not conserved in P. patens.
Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Osteogenic Properties of a Novel Glucose‐Sensitive 3D‐Printed Scaffold Containing Metformin Based on Enzymatic Cascade Reaction
Authors: Liu Junyu , Luo Dongmei , Fu Xinyu , Yang Tingting , Hou Ruxia , Li Peiwen , Chen Yurou , Zhang Xinyao , Sun Xunuo , Yue Yingge , Wang Xiangyu
Published: November 2024

Restoring alveolar bone defects in patients with diabetes poses a significant challenge in the treatment of oral disease. This study involved the fabrication of porous composite hydrogel scaffolds composed of photo‐crosslinked chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite via extruded 3D printing. Additionally, glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) were immobilized onto the composite scaffold through EDC/NHS covalent cross‐linking to develop a novel 3D‐printed glucose‐sensitive scaffold utilizing an enzyme cascade reaction. The 3D‐printed porous composite scaffolds had high drug encapsulation efficiency (91.94% ± 1.69%). After co‐immobilization of GOx and CAT on the scaffolds, the activity of GOx was increased due to the ability of CAT to scavenge H2O2, which is a by‐product of the glucose‐catalyzed reaction. The results showed that dual enzyme scaffolds with co‐immobilized GOx/CAT produced better swelling behavior than the single immobilized GOx enzyme scaffolds. Meanwhile, with the increase of glucose concentration, the release of Met also increased, indicating that the dual enzyme scaffolds possess favorable glucose sensitivity. Additionally, the dual enzyme‐immobilized 3D‐printed scaffolds facilitated cell adhesion and proliferation and exhibited good biocompatibility. Finally, in vitro cellular experiments revealed that the scaffolds effectively promoted MC3T3‐E1 osteogenic differentiation in a high‐glucose environment. This study demonstrates that novel glucose‐sensitive 3D‐printed composite hydrogel scaffolds based on enzymatic cascade reaction may provide a feasible new strategy to enhance diabetic alveolar bone repair.
A Signal Generation Fault Diagnosis Method for Planetary Reducer of High‐Pressure Grinding Roll
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Gu Yiliu , Qiu Guangqi , Wang Puzhou , Huang Peng , Wang Qi
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a signal generation fault diagnosis method for the challenge of insufficient training samples in the planetary reducer of high‐pressure grinding roll (HPGR). The expression of the vibration response signal is derived, and a fault vibration signal model is established for the planetary reducer of HPGR. To generate the expanded samples, an adaptive fox optimization (AFO) algorithm is employed for optimizing the parameters of the fault vibration signal model, so that the simulated signal matches the measured signal. Before that, the measured vibration signal of the planetary reducer of HPGR is preprocessed by a tunable Q‐factor wavelet transform (TQWT). Finally, the residual convolution neural and long short‐term memory network with attention mechanism (ResCNN‐LSTM‐ATT) is utilized for feature extraction from collected signals, and the hierarchical fault classifier is developed for the fault classification. The experimental results show that the AFO algorithm has better performance, and the signals generated by the optimized fault vibration signal model are in good agreement with the measured signals. The classification accuracy of normal signals reaches 99.70%, which shows good diagnosis accuracy in both known fault classification and unknown fault identification. Compared to other methods, the proposed method has better diagnostic accuracy.
Rapid Identification of Chemical Constituents in New Compound Aloe Capsule Based on UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS
Authors: Chen Siyue , Dou Yajie , Zhang Shumin , Qiu Huixin , Liu Huiru , Xu Yanyan , Shu Lexin , Li Yubo
Published: November 2024

Rationale

The chemical composition of the new compound aloe capsule (NCAC) has not been fully elucidated to date, which poses challenges for pharmacology, scientific, and rational drug use. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was established to comprehensively study the constituents in the NCAC. The contents of the NCAC were analyzed by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS and data postprocessing technology.

Methods

Firstly, the extract was separated by UPLC system, and the fragment information was obtained under positive and negative ions and then compared with the characteristic fragments described in the literature, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of the compound of NCAC.

Results

A total of 56 compounds including 21 chromones, 6 pyranones, 7 anthraquinones, 7 anthrone, 5 alkaloids, 4 amino acids, and 6 other components were detected in NCAC by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry information and retrieving the reference literature.

Conclusions

The UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS method was developed and utilized successfully to identify the major constituents in NCAC and would be helpful for improving the quality control standard of NCAC.
A Proof‐of‐Principle Study for δ15N Measurements of Aqueous Dissolved Nitrate With a Modified LC‐IRMS Interface
Authors: Hesse Tobias , Niemann Felix , Khaliq Shaista , Köster Daniel , Enss Julian , Feld Christian K. , Nachev Milen , Kerpen Klaus , Jochmann Maik A. , Schmidt Torsten C.
Published: November 2024

Rationale

The analysis of nitrogen isotopes in aqueous dissolved nitrate is an effective method for identifying pollution sources and offers the potential to study the nitrogen cycle. However, the measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate still requires extensive sample preparation or derivatization.

Methods

In this study, a modified commercially available liquid chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometer (LC‐IRMS) interface is presented that enables automated measurement of δ15N signatures from nitrate by online reduction of nitrate in two consecutive steps. First, vanadium(III) chloride is used as a reducing agent to convert NO3− to NxOy under acidic conditions. The mix of nitrogen oxides is then transferred into a stream of helium and reduced to nitrogen (N2) analysis gas via a hot copper reactor. Prior to the online conversion of aqueous nitrate into elemental nitrogen, the sample was chromatographically separated from potential matrix effects on a PGC column.

Results

Precision was achieved at a level below 1.4‰ by injecting 10 μL of 50 mg L−1 N, using five different nitrate standards and reference materials. These materials spanned a range of more than 180‰ in δ15N. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, we measured water samples from an enrichment experiment, where isotopically enriched ammonium chloride was administered into a small river over the course of 2 weeks. In contrary to our expectation, the δ15N values of river nitrate showed values between +0.4 ± 0.4‰ and +4.1 ± 0.3‰, varying over a small range of 3.7‰.

Conclusions

Our study showed that the measurement of nitrate nitrogen isotope ratios with a modified LC‐IRMS system is possible but that further modifications and improvements would be necessary for a robust and user‐friendly instrument.
Typical Structure of Hereditary Graph Families. II. Exotic Examples
Authors: Norin Sergey , Yuditsky Yelena
Published: November 2024

A graph is ‐free
if it does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to . The study of the typical structure of ‐free graphs was initiated by Erdős, Kleitman, and Rothschild (1976), who have shown that almost all ‐free graphs are bipartite. Since then the typical structure of ‐free graphs has been determined for several families of graphs , including complete graphs, trees, and cycles. Recently, Reed and Scott proposed a conjectural description of the typical structure of ‐free graphs for all graphs , which extends all previously known results in the area. We construct an infinite family of graphs for which the Reed–Scott conjecture fails, and use the methods we developed in the prequel paper Norin and Yuditsky (2024) to describe the typical structure of ‐free graphs for graphs in this family. Using similar techniques, we construct an infinite family of graphs for which the maximum size of a homogenous set in a typical ‐free graph is sublinear in the number of vertices, answering a question of Loebl et al. (2010) and Kang et al. (2014).
Soil Bacterial Biodiversity in Drylands Is Dependent on Groundcover Under Increased Temperature
Authors: Stewart Jana , de Lima Nathali Machado , Kingsford Richard , Muñoz‐Rojas Miriam
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Drylands are a major terrestrial biome, supporting much of the earth's population. Soil microbial communities maintain drylands’ ecosystem functions but are threatened by increasing temperature. Groundcover, such as vegetation or biocrust, drives the patchiness of drylands' soil microbial communities, reflected in fertile islands and rhizosphere soil microbial associations. Groundcover may shelter soil microbial communities from increasingly harsh temperatures under climate change, mitigating effects on microclimate, but few data on the microbial response exists. Understanding the fine‐scale interactions between plants and soil is crucial to improving conservation and management of drylands under climate change.

Materials and Methods

We used open‐top chambers to experimentally increase the temperature on five key groundcover species found in arid Australia, and are commonly present in drylands worldwide; bareground (controls), biocrust, perennial grass, Maireana sp. shrub, Acacia aneura trees, testing soil bacterial diversity and community composition response to the effects of increased temperatures.

Results

We found that groundcover was a stronger driver of soil bacterial composition than increased temperature, but this response varied with groundcover type. Larger groundcover types (Acacia and Maireana) buffered the impact of heat stress on the soil bacterial community. Bacterial diversity and species richness declined with heat stress affecting the bacterial communities associated with perennial grass, Maireana and Acacia. We identified 16 bacterial phyla significantly associated with groundcover types in ambient treatment. But, under heat stress, only three phyla, Verrumicrobiota, Patescibacteria, and Abditibacteriota, had significantly different relative abundance under groundcovers, Acacia and Maireana, compared to bareground controls. The soil bacterial community associated with perennial grass was most affected by increased temperature.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest soil communities may become more homogeneous under climate change, with compositional change, rather than diversity, tracking soil response to heat stress.
Does economic complexity provide antidotal pathways to evade the resource curse syndrome? A novel role for institutions
Authors: Olaniyi Clement Olalekan , Odhiambo Nicholas M.
Published: November 2024

This study offers the first empirical attempt to examine the role of institutional quality in influencing the contribution of economic complexity to evading resource curses and reducing resource dependency in resource‐rich countries. We analyze data from 20 resource‐rich African countries covering the years 1995–2021, using fully modified ordinary least squares, a Driscoll–Kraay nonparametric covariance matrix, and the method of moments‐quantile regression. These countries predominantly suffer from resource curses, resource dependence, weak economic complexity, and deficient institutions. The findings reveal that economic complexity has no direct potency to spur less reliance on natural resources and mitigate resource curses. Institutional quality, on the other hand, creates stimuli and technical support that facilitate less resource dependence and offer countermeasures to evade resource curses in resource‐rich African countries. Interestingly, institutional quality strengthens economic complexity by increasing knowledge‐based productive capacity, technological innovation, extending non‐resource sectors and exports, promoting innovative business opportunities, fostering entrepreneurship, diversifying economies, reducing resource dependence, and mitigating resource curses. The study concludes that institutional quality enables economic complexity to spur less reliance on natural resources and pave the way to evade resource curses in resource‐rich African countries. The primary policy implications of the study suggest that the capacity of resource‐rich African countries' economic complexity to reduce resource dependence and provide strategies to circumvent the resource curse is contingent upon the efficiency and effectiveness of their institutions.
Proton‐Mediated Dynamic Nestling of DNA Payloads Within Size‐Matched MOFs Nanochannels for Smart Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Zhang Hong , He Ping‐Ping , Du Xiaoxue , Shen Yuxin , Cai Wensheng , Guo Weiwei
Published: November 2024

With sequence‐programmable biological functions and excellent biocompatibility, synthetic functional DNA holds great promise for various biological applications. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously retain their biological functions while protecting these fragile oligonucleotides from the degradation by nucleases abundant in biological circumstances. Herein, a smart delivery system for functional DNA payloads is developed based on proton‐mediated dynamic nestling of cytosine‐rich DNA moieties within the precisely size‐matched nanochannels of highly crystalline metal–organic frameworks (MOFs): At neutral pH, cytosine‐rich DNA strands exhibit a flexible single‐stranded state and can be accommodated by MOFs nanochannels with a size of ca. 2.0 nm; while at acidic conditions, the protonation of cytosine‐rich strands weakens their interaction with the nanochannels, and the tendency to form four‐stranded structures drives these DNA strands out of the nanochannels. Results confirm the successful protection of DNA payloads from enzymatic hydrolysis by the MOFs nanochannels, and the delicate coupling of the endocytosis processes and the proton‐responsive Cytosine‐rich DNA/MOFs systems realized the efficient intracellular delivery of DNA payloads. Furthermore, with a complementary sequence to the telomere overhangs, direct imaging of telomeres and the nucleus is successfully achieved with the proton‐mediated DNA/MOFs system.
Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Cadmium Metal–Organic Framework/Eethyl Cellulose Composites as Energy Harvesters for Selective Photoinduced Bromination Reaction
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Huang Chao , Tao Yuanmeng , Zhang Yue , Cui Jiaxing , Wang Dandan , Wang Peihong , Zhang Ying‐Ying
Published: November 2024

The fabrication of self‐driven systems with flexibility and tunable output for organic photoinduction is highly desirable but challenging. In this study, a 3D cadmium metal–organic framework (Cd‐MOF) is synthesized and used as a filler for ethyl cellulose (EC) to create mechanically durable and flexible Cd‐MOF@EC composite films. Due to its well‐established platform with periodically precise structure nature, the outputs of Cd‐MOF‐based TENG are much higher than those of ligand‐based TENGs. Furthermore, composite films with different doping ratios of Cd‐MOF are employed to assemble Cd‐MOF@EC‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The results reveal that a doping ratio of 10 wt.% Cd‐MOF in Cd‐MOF@EC provides the highest TENG output. Subsequently, a flexible 10 wt.% Cd‐MOF@EC‐based TENG (FCEC‐TENG), working in the contact‐separation model, is constructed to harvest mechanical energy from the human body, demonstrating excellent output performance and stability. The energy harvested from FCEC‐TENG can directly illuminate 14 commercial white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), providing visible light for the photoinduction of the bromination reaction, and generating bromide with good yield and tolerance. This study presents an effective method for constructing flexible MOF‐based TENG for self‐powered photoinduced organic transformation systems.
Enhanced Hole‐Injecting Interface for High‐Performance Deep‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Dipole‐Controlled Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Lee Hyo Jae , Do Jung Jae , Jung Jae Woong
Published: November 2024

The Blue electroluminescence (EL) with high brightness and spectral stability is imperative for full‐color perovskite display technologies meeting the Rec. 2020 standard. However, deep‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) lag behind their green‐ or red‐emitting counterparts in brightness, quantum efficiency, and operational stability. Additionally, the Cl−/Br− mixed‐halide perovskites with wide bandgap typically designed for deep‐blue emitters are prone to degradation quickly under high operating bias due to low energy for halide migrations and vacancies formation, posing a significant challenge to spectral/operative stabilities. To address these issues, high‐performance deep‐blue PeLEDs are demonstrated by tuning the interface properties with Br‐2ETP, a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) molecule engineered for a high dipole moment. The Br‐2EPT‐based hole‐injecting interface facilitates favorable energy level alignment between indium tin oxide and the deep‐lying valence band of the perovskite layer, suppressing the hole‐injecting barrier and non‐radiative charge recombination. Excellent perovskite film morphologies are observed at the top and buried surfaces by Br‐2EPT, improving the balance of carrier injection for light emission efficiency. Consequently, the devices exhibit deep‐blue electroluminescence at 457 nm, with an external quantum efficiency of 6.56% and spectral/operative stabilities.
Characterization of the Phononic Landscape of Natural Nacre from Abalone Shells
Authors: Alderete N. A. , Sathyan S. , Raetz S. , Margueritat J. , Asgari M. , Boechler N. , Ghanem M. Abi , Espinosa H. D.
Published: November 2024

Natural design and fabrication strategies have long served as a source of inspiration for novel materials with enhanced properties. Less investigated is the prospect of leveraging the complexity of readily available, naturally occurring micro‐/nanostructures as platforms for investigating functional materials. In the field of phononics, exploiting structural biocomposites is gaining traction; but finding natural phononic structures that interact with ultra‐ and hypersonic acoustic waves remains an open quest. In this context, the phononic behavior of natural Nacre, a biocomposite often looked at for inspiration due to its superlattice‐like architecture of alternating organic and inorganic phases, is here characterized. To such end, a combination of non‐contact pump‐probe laser ultrasonics techniques and Brillouin spectroscopy are employed to interrogate Nacre's hierarchical structure at the micro‐ and nanoscale and measure its phononic dispersion behavior in the MHz and GHz range. It is found that for wavelengths longer than the brick‐and‐mortar characteristic length, Nacre behaves as a dispersionless medium with effective transversely isotropic properties; but as the wavelengths become comparable to its structural periodicity an involved phononic spectrum arises which challenges the notion of a perfectly periodic, high mechanical‐contrast biocomposite.
Thiol Groups Reutilization on Chemical Bath Deposited Tin Oxide Surface Achieving Interface Anchoring and Defects Passivation for Enhancing the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Bin , Yao Disheng , Chen Bitao , Wang Jilin , Zhang Xueqi , Tian Nan , Su Jiale , Chen Mingguang , Peng Yong , Zheng Guoyuan , Long Fei
Published: November 2024

Due to its simple process and adaptability to large‐area deposition, chemical bath deposition (CBD) is one of the preparation methods for the SnO2 layer in highly efficient “n‐i‐p” structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the residual thioglycolic acid (TGA) on the CBD‐SnO2 surface affects the stability of PSCs and the carrier transport at the CBD‐SnO2/perovskite interface, hindering the further development of this method. This work demonstrates a method for the reutilization of surface groups to construct molecular bridges. This strategy utilizes the substitution reaction between the residual thiol group on the CBD‐SnO2 surface and the iodine group of iodoacetamide (IAM) to form the IAM structure. The IAM structure not only assists the perovskite grain crystallization but also increases the electronic cloud density of the CBD‐SnO2 surface. Consequently, the charge mobility of the CBD‐SnO2 is enhanced and the energy band alignment at the CBD‐SnO2/perovskite interface is optimized. A champion device with the IAM structure achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.41% while it maintained 80% of its original PCE after placing at 65 °C in nitrogen filled atmosphere for over 300 h and in an environment at 25 °C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity for over 1000 h, respectively.
A Metasurface Glass for Energy Saving and 5G Mobile Communication Signal Enhancement
Authors: Zheng Jiangshan , Zheng Huaibin , Pang Yongqiang , Qu Bingyue , Xu Zhuo
Published: November 2024

Windows constitute a significant portion of the facade in buildings and modern ground transportation vehicles, such as commercial skyscrapers, high‐speed trains, and subway systems. Traditional glass windows lack adequate thermal insulation and heat retention capabilities; Low‐Emissivity (Low‐E) glass can block external infrared radiation, it also impedes mobile communication signals, particularly those in the 5G Sub6G frequency band. This paper introduces an innovative metasurface glass designed to enhance 5G mobile communication signals within the interior of glass windows. Through simulation and experimental validation, this design has demonstrated a signal enhancement of over 10 dB within a 150 mm range before and after the focal point, and 100 mm in the vertical direction, compared to ordinary glass; at the focal point, the signal enhancement exceeds 15 dB. Furthermore, tests conducted across various real‐world scenarios have confirmed that within areas covered by 5G signals, the RSRP of the signal at the focal point has increased by approximately 6–9 dB. In addition, the outer surface of this metasurface glass possesses low‐emissivity characteristics, effectively blocking external infrared thermal radiation and reducing heat exchange with the interior of the glass window, thereby showing a significant advantage in maintaining a stable indoor temperature.
Isomeric Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Substituent Position Effect
Authors: Song Wen , Chen Sudi , Ren Xitong , Su Xi , Song Chongping , Li Yusen , Chen Long , Bai Feng
Published: November 2024

The exploration of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for high‐efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction is urgently demanded. Herein, COF‐based catalysts are constructed for the selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO via delicately designed isomeric monomers with substituent at the 4,5,9,10‐ positions (K) or 1,3,6,8‐positions (A) of pyrene knots. The distinct substituted regions significantly affect the planarity of pyrene knots, resulting in COFs with different microstructures and photocatalytic activities. While employing a 5 W LED white‐light as the light source, the single atomic Co contained A‐Py‐Bpy‐COF‐Co showcased a moderate CO evolution rate of 2174.4 µmol g−1 h−1. In sharp contrast, K‐Py‐Bpy‐COF‐Co reveals a considerable CO photo‐reduction rate of 12 476.4 µmol g−1 h−1 (5.7 times higher than A‐Py‐Bpy‐COF) with a selectivity up to 93.3%. Remarkably, the excellent photocatalytic activity of K‐Py‐Bpy‐COF‐Co can be maintained for at least 5 cycles without obvious decay. The distinct photocatalytic properties of the two isomeric COFs can be attributed to the larger steric‐hindrance of K‐Py‐4CHO which enlarges the interlayer distances to inhibit exciton quenching and electron‐richer nature of monatomic Co in K‐Py‐Bpy‐COF‐Co. This work provides a new protocol to explore COFs with boosted photocatalytic performance via isomeric design from refined modulation of reported COFs.
Constructing Dense CoRu‐CoMoO4 Heterointerfaces with Electron Redistribution for Synergistically Boosted Alkaline Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Tong Huamei , Xu Shengjie , Zheng Xinyu , Qi Mengyue , Zhu Jianjun , Li Di , Jiang Deli
Published: November 2024

Constructing metal alloys/metal oxides heterostructured electrocatalysts with abundant and strongly coupling interfaces is vital yet challenging for practical electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, CoRu nanoalloys uniformly anchored on CoMoO4 nanosheet heterostructured electrocatalyst (CoRu‐CoMoO4/NF) are synthesized via a self‐templated strategy by simply annealing of Ru‐etched CoMoO4/NF precursor in a reduction atmosphere. The dense and robustly coupled interface not only provides abundant active sites for water splitting but also strengthens the charge transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations unveil that the strong electronic interaction at CoRu‐CoMoO4 interface can induce an interfacial electron redistribution and reduce the energetic barriers for the hydrogen and oxygen intermediates, thereby accelerating the  hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and  oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. The resultant catalyst only requires the overpotentials of 49 mV for HER and 209 mV for OER at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the constructed CoRu‐CoMoO4||CoRu‐CoMoO4 two‐electrode cell achieves a cell voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming the benchmark Pt/C||IrO2. This work explores an avenue for the rational design of heterostructured electrocatalysts with abundant interfaces for practical water‐splitting electrocatalysis.
Advancements in wearable heart sounds devices for the monitoring of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Ahmad Rafi u Shan , Khan Muhammad Shehzad , Hilal Mohamed Elhousseini , Khan Bangul , Zhang Yuanting , Khoo Bee Luan
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the urgent need for intelligent diagnostic tools to enhance early detection, prediction, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and recovery. This demand has spurred the advancement of wearable and flexible technologies, revolutionizing continuous, noninvasive, and remote heart sound (HS) monitoring—a vital avenue for assessing heart activity. The conventional stethoscope, used to listen to HSs, has limitations in terms of its physical structure, as it is inflexible and bulky, which restricts its prospective applications. Recently, mechanoacoustic sensors have made remarkable advancements, evolving from primitive forms to soft, flexible, and wearable designs. This article provides an in‐depth review of the latest scientific and technological advancements by addressing various topics, including different types of sensors, sensing materials, design principles, denoising techniques, and clinical applications of flexible and wearable HS sensors. This transformative potential lies in the capacity for ongoing, remote, and personalized monitoring, promising enhanced patient outcomes, amplified remote monitoring capabilities, and timely diagnoses. Last, the article highlights current challenges and prospects for the future, suggesting techniques to advance HS sensing technologies for exciting real‐time applications.
Advanced Thermoactive Nanomaterials for Thermomedical Tissue Regeneration: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Long , Qu Xiaoyan , Lei Bo
Published: November 2024

Nanomaterials usually possess remarkable properties, including excellent biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical characteristics, and bionic attributes, which make them highly promising for applications in tissue regeneration. Thermal therapy has emerged as a versatile approach for wound healing, nerve repair, bone regeneration, tumor therapy, and antibacterial tissue regeneration. By combining nanomaterials with thermal therapy, multifunctional nanomaterials with thermogenic effects and tissue regeneration capabilities can be engineered to achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive review of the effects of thermal stimulation on cellular and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it highlights the applications of photothermal, magnetothermal, and electrothermal nanomaterials, and thermally responsive drug delivery systems in tissue engineering. In Addition, the bioactivities and biocompatibilities of several representative thermal nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the challenges facing thermal nanomaterials are outlined, and future prospects in the field are presented with the aim of offering new opportunities and avenues for the utilization of thermal nanomaterials in tissue regeneration.
Spy in the sky: Application of thermal drones to assist with ground darting wildlife
Authors: Finnegan Shannon P. , Dunker William , Svoboda Nathan J. , Rauchenstein Sarah
Published: November 2024

Telemetry studies allow scientists to track animal movements and study species ecology without direct visual observation. Fitting telemetry devices requires physical or chemical capture and restraint of animals. Ground darting is a commonly used technique to capture cervids but locating animals to dart and finding individuals post induction remains a challenge. Here we present an application of using thermal imaging drones to help locate, ground dart, and monitor target animals to ensure safe immobilization. We immobilized 10 free‐ranging Sitka black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis), 8 of which were captured with the assistance of the thermal drone. The utilization of drones in wildlife ground darting operations can increase safety and efficiency, and reduce risk to researchers and study subjects.
Egg Production, Egg Development, and Mortality of Zoo‐Bred Ozark Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi)
Authors: Cristina Macklem D. , Augustine Lauren , Wanner Mark D. , Ettling Jeffery A. , Crabill Trisha , Pedigo Amanda S. , Schuette Chawna , Ihrig‐Bueckendorf Patty L. , Martin Aja J. , Noble Katie R. , Elden Justin M. , Briggler Jeffrey T.
Published: November 2024

Populations of Ozark hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi, Grobman 1943) in Missouri and Arkansas are federally listed as endangered. The Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute's Ron and Karen Goellner Center for Hellbender Conservation, in collaboration with the Missouri Department of Conservation and US Fish and Wildlife Service, has developed a sustainable conservation breeding and head‐starting program, a priority for species recovery. Using 9 years of program data, we examined various egg production, egg development, and mortality responses of Zoo‐bred Ozark hellbenders. Our results identified river of origin and breeding location as important predictors of egg production responses including average breeding female total lengths as well as brooding male clutch size, total egg count, and the estimated number of female clutches, respectively. We found that breeding group generation was a significant predictor of Zoo‐bred hellbender egg development responses with hellbenders from the first breeding group generation ovipositing later and producing eggs that hatch later and develop longer than hellbenders from the second‐generation breeding group. These responses are consistent with females from the first breeding group generation being larger at the time of reproduction. Breeding group generation was also a significant predictor of proportional egg and total mortality, while the proportion of hatchling mortality was best predicted by breeding location, and the proportion of larval mortality was best predicted by river of origin. Ultimately, our results provide baseline metrics for the program and identify areas for further inquiry to maximize the success of future conservation breeding and head‐starting efforts at the Zoo.
Asymmetric ℤ4 orbifolds of type IIB string theory revisited
Authors: Gkountoumis George
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We construct freely acting asymmetric ℤ4 orbifolds of type IIB string theory on T5 preserving 24,16 or 8 supercharges in five dimensions. We show that these models are well-defined if the SO(8) lattice is chosen, instead of the SU(2)4 lattice, which was previously considered in the literature.
Kognitive Beeinträchtigungen bei schizophrenen Psychosen
Authors: Kambeitz-Ilankovic Lana , Strube Wolfgang , Baune Bernhard T. , Falkai Peter , Röll Lukas , Leucht Stefan
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund

Längsschnittstudien zeigen, dass die Mehrzahl der Betroffenen mit schizophrenen Psychosen schizophrenieassoziierte kognitive Defizite (CIAS) entwickelt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Überblick über Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Evidenz verschiedener Therapieoptionen von CIAS.

Material und Methoden

Übersicht aktueller Befunde zur Wirksamkeit verschiedener Therapien bei CIAS.

Ergebnisse

Bis zu 85 % der Betroffenen mit schizophrenen Psychosen zeigen CIAS, z. T. bereits vor der Entwicklung von Positiv- oder Negativsymptomen. CIAS gehen mit einer hohen individuellen Belastung einher, weil viele alltagsrelevante Bereiche des Funktionsniveaus beeinträchtigt sind. Zur klinischen Erfassung stehen verschiedene Testbatterien zur Verfügung. Als Standard für Studien und spezielle klinische Fragestellungen gilt die MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Die Behandlung von CIAS erfordert ein multimodales Vorgehen, wobei aktuell nichtmedikamentöse Strategien (z. B. kognitive Remediation, Sporttherapie) die beste Evidenz vorzuweisen haben. Nichtinvasive Neurostimulationsverfahren und dopaminerge Antipsychotika der 1. und 2. Generation wirken kaum auf kognitive Funktionsstörungen im Rahmen schizophrener Psychosen.

Diskussion

CIAS ist ein häufiges, krankheitsimmanentes Symptom bei schizophrenen Psychosen, das im klinischen Alltag beachtet werden sollte, da es die Betroffenen erheblich in ihrem Funktionsniveau und ihrer Lebensqualität beeinträchtigt. Therapeutische Optionen sind limitiert, doch zeigen innovative psychosoziale Interventionen kleine bis moderate Effekte. Zudem könnten neue, auf Basis aktueller neurobiologischer Erkenntnisse entwickelte Medikamente sowie Kombinationen mit psychosozialen und Neurostimulationsverfahren Perspektiven eröffnen.
Spectral Stability of Shock Profiles for Hyperbolically Regularized Systems of Conservation Laws
Authors: Bärlin Johannes
Published: November 2024

We report a proof that under natural assumptions shock profiles viewed as heteroclinic travelling wave solutions to a hyperbolically regularized system of conservation laws are spectrally stable if the shock amplitude is sufficiently small. This means that an associated Evans function $$\mathcal {E}:\Lambda \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

E
:
Λ
→
C

with $$\Lambda \subset \mathbb {C}$$

Λ
⊂
C

an open superset of the closed right half plane $$\mathbb {H}^+\equiv \{\kappa \in \mathbb {C}:\text {Re}\,\kappa \geqq 0\}$$

H

+

≡

{
κ
∈
C
:
Re

κ
≧
0
}

has only one zero, namely, a simple zero at 0. The result is analogous to the one obtained in Freistühler and Szmolyan (Arch Ration Mech Anal 164:287–309, 2002) and Plaza and Zumbrun (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst 10(4):885–924, 2004) for parabolically regularized systems of conservation laws, and also distinctly extends findings on hyperbolic relaxation systems in Mascia and Zumbrun (Partial Differ Equ 34(1–3):119–136, 2009), Plaza and Zumbrun (2004) and Ueda (Math Methods Appl Sci 32(4):419–434, 2009).
Movement patterns of green turtles at a key foraging site: the Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania
Authors: Mestre Julie , Patrício Ana Rita , Sidina Ebaye , Senhoury Cheibani , El’bar Nahi , Beal Martin , Regalla Aissa , Catry Paulo
Published: November 2024

Interactions with fisheries is a major threat to sea turtles. However, space-use at foraging locations remains overlooked in many populations, preventing effective protection. We assess the space-use of 14 juvenile and 24 adult green turtles (Chelonia mydas) satellite-tracked in 2018–2022 within a foraging site of global importance for this species, the Banc d’Arguin in Mauritania, West Africa. Turtles exhibited a patchy distribution and used overlapping habitats irrespective of sexes and life stages. Mean individual home range was larger (151.5 ± 160.5 km²) than values reported in most green turtle populations. Individuals concentrated in two main areas used year-round. Inshore/offshore movements seem to occur within the central part of the Banc d’Arguin, with turtles moving to deeper areas during colder months. More than half of the turtles performed within-season range shifts and switched between up to four distinct areas, with some individuals returning to previously visited sites. Turtles mostly exploited shallow areas (4.30 ± 3.42 m) and seemed to use disproportionally more of the areas inside the Parc National du Banc d’Arguin, than areas of similar bathymetry outside this marine protected area. This suggests that foraging green turtles have been benefiting from the management of the Park since it was established in 1976. However, turtles’ home range overlapped greatly with artisanal fisheries, which operate in the central shallow waters of the Park. The present study provides valuable ecological information that can be used to inform the planning of fisheries management zones, aiming to reduce the interactions between turtles and artisanal fisheries.
Symptoms and joint degeneration correlate with the temperature of osteoarthritic knees: an infrared thermography analysis
Authors: De Marziani Luca , Zanasi Lorenzo , Roveda Giacomo , Boffa Angelo , Andriolo Luca , Di Martino Alessandro , Zaffagnini Stefano , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aim was to analyze the joint temperature of patients affected by bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) using infrared thermography to investigate whether thermographic imaging patterns are influenced by the severity of symptoms and joint degeneration.

Methods

Sixty-sixpatients ranging from 43 to 78 years old (63.3 ± 8.8 years) with bilateral knee OA and one symptomatic knee were enrolled. Thermograms of the two knees were captured using a thermographic camera FLIR T1020 and analyzed with the ResearchIR software to calculate the temperature of the overall knee and the four regions of interest (ROIs): patella, suprapatellar, medial, and lateral areas.

Results

The temperature of knees affected by OA was influenced by joint degeneration level and symptoms: patients with higher OA grade in the symptomatic knees presented higher total knee temperatures compared to the asymptomatic ones (p = 0.002), as well as in the patellar (p = 0.005), lateral (p = 0.002), and medial (p = 0.001) areas. On the other hand, patients with the same OA level in the two knees presented a higher temperature in the symptomatic knee only in the medial area (p = 0.037). Symptomatic knees demonstrated a different pattern compared to asymptomatic knees, with the medial area presenting the highest temperature changes (p = 0.020). Patients reporting prevalent pain in the lateral knee area presented higher differences in total knee temperature (0.7 ± 0.7 °C) than patients with pain in the medial area (0.1 ± 0.5 °C) (p = 0.023).

Conclusion

The temperature of knees affected by OA is influenced by the degree of joint degeneration and by the presence of symptoms, with higher temperatures found in symptomatic joints, especially with prevalent lateral knee pain, and in more severe OA. Symptomatic knees demonstrated a different pattern compared to asymptomatic knees, with the medial area presenting the highest temperature changes.
More than stridulation: signal interaction and constraint in the complex vibroacoustic courtship of a cricket
Authors: Stritih-Peljhan Nataša , Žunič-Kosi Alenka
Published: November 2024

Field crickets (Gryllidae) produce sounds by tegminal stridulation, well-studied for its role in female attraction and choice. However, understanding female preferences for their courtship song remains elusive, despite considering additional chemical, visual, and thermal signals. Beyond stridulation, crickets also display vibrational courtship behaviours that remain largely unexplored. Using Acheta domesticus as a model, we conduct the first comprehensive analysis of the entirety of vibroacoustic courtship signals in crickets, including their interaction. Employing audio recording, laser vibrometry, and videorecording, we unveil a complex signal involving simultaneous wing stridulation, body tremulation, and leg drumming against the substrate in a prolonged display, unique among insects. We identify robust correlations, coupling, and coordination between these signal components. We show the tightest coupling between the two types of stridulation pulses, and between tremulation and drumming signals, while drumming-stridulation coupling is less consistent, revealing a constraint on drumming performance. This constraint in the expression of one signal component, without a trade-off, represents a specific case within complex dynamic signalling. In addition, we find no correlation between drumming rate and its accuracy relative to stridulation, challenging common expectations. Our findings indicate that the information conveyed by the complex courtship display in A. domesticus is not simply proportional to that in the song, shedding light on previous ambiguities surrounding its function. Spectral-intensity analysis indicates the closest perceptual connection between stridulation and drumming signals, likely commonly influencing female choice, while proposing another function for tremulation. Further research should delve deeper into the function of this intricate signal.