bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Observational Study of, EEG Abnormalities and Clinical Outcome in Schizophrenia, Conducted in Government Hospital for Mental Care in Visakhapatnam
Authors: Nagaraju Suvvari , Vijayalakshmi Duriya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness with severe disruptions in thought, perception, language, and sense of self. Although there are a lot of recent advances in pharmacotherapy, a large percentage of persons with Schizophrenia remain treatment resistant or at least partially non-resistant to drugs. The recent increase of interest in the neurobiology of Schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, the emergence of neuropsychiatry, and the recent advances in computerized analyses of EEG have resulted in a revival of interest in electrophysiology among mental health professionals. METHODS This is a prospective observational study. A total of 84 subjects who were drug naïve and diagnosed with Schizophrenia were included in the study by convenience sampling. General information sheet to collect the socio-demographic and clinical details, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression scale, Electroencephalogram recordings were used. Data analysis was performed by using the SPSS Software version 23. Descriptive statistics and correlational statistics were used to analyse the collected data. RESULTS A total of 84 subjects who were diagnosed with Schizophrenia were included in the study. Out of 84 patients, 22 were lost to follow up bringing the valid sample of the study to 62. EEGs of the sample subjects were classified based on the modified sample, EEGs of 45 (72.58 %) subjects were normal, EEGs of 13 (20.97 %) subjects were essentially normal, and EEGs of 4 (6.45 %) subjects were classified as abnormal. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences were found in Positive and negative syndrome scale scores at baseline when compared between normal, essentially normal and abnormal EEG groups of first episode schizophrenia subjects. KEYWORDS Electroencephalogram (EEG), Schizophrenia, PANSS, CGI Scale, SPSS Software Version 23.0
An Observational Cross Sectional Study to Assess the Quality of Life of Patients Having Lesions of Acne Vulgaris on Their Face in a Tertiary Care Centre of West Bengal
Authors: Das Nirmalya Kumar , Basu Subhra Samujjwal , Haldar Atish
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a common disease mostly affecting the adolescents. The lesions can be distributed over the sebaceous rich areas of the body like face, chest, back and upper arm. The commonest location is face. Face is psychologically the most important part of the body. So, the presence of lesions on the face can have significant effects on the quality of life of the patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect on the quality of life (QOL) of the patients who have acne vulgaris on their face. Along with that this study was planned to assess as to whether the effect on QOL is related to two demographic factors - age & gender and two clinical factors - duration of disease and grade of acne vulgaris. METHODS 81 patients having acne vulgaris on their face who attended the Dermatology OPD were assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. RESULTS Acne vulgaris of the face had significant adverse effect on the QOL of the affected patients. DLQI score was found to be more with increase in age of the patients. There was no significant association between DLQI score & gender. The clinical factors, duration of disease and the grade of acne vulgaris had statistically significant positive correlation with DLQI score. CONCLUSIONS Acne vulgaris had an adverse effect on the QOL of the patients. QOL was more affected with increase in age of the patients. Duration of the lesions and grade of acne vulgaris had a positive correlation with the effect on the QOL of the patients. The lesions can be controlled with treatment. Proper counselling is also very important. KEYWORDS Acne Vulgaris, Quality of Life (QOL), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)
Prospective Study on Effectiveness of Facial Nerve Monitoring in Improving the Surgical Outcomes for Parotidectomy of Benign Parotid Tumours in a Tertiary Hospital in South India
Authors: George Ajith John , Gaikwad Pranay , Samuel Vasanth Mark , Thomas Cecil T. , Tirkey Amit J. , J Rajinikanth , Yadav Bijesh
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Salivary gland diseases are rare but an important group of disorders. Following surgeries involving the parotid gland, facial nerve paresis is a common postoperative complication. The reported worldwide incidence of facial nerve paresis following parotidectomy is approximately 20 - 60 %. We need to determine the incidence of facial nerve paresis in the post-operative period following superficial, adequate, or extra-capsular parotidectomy of benign parotid tumours with the use of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. METHODS A non-randomised interventional trial was initiated once cleared by the institutional review board. With the calculated sample size of 44, the patients underwent nervemonitoring for the identification of the branches of the facial nerve. Clinical grading of the nerve function was done using the House-Brackmann score on the postoperative days 2, 7, and 60. The findings were compared with the historical controls (HC) of 53 patients who underwent similar procedures but with no intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. All patients were recruited in continuity for over two years. RESULTS The incidence of facial nerve paresis was 30 - 40 % and 10 - 20 % in the historical control and nerve monitoring group, respectively (P = 0.07). The duration of surgery in the nerve monitoring group was 83 ± 30 minutes and 95 ± 15 minutes in the HC group. The incidence of nerve paresis was similar among the trainees and consultants suggestive of adequate training. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring is a useful adjunct to reduce the incidence of early postoperative facial nerve paresis. The technique would not prolong the duration of the procedure. The technique may be utilized safely on a routine basis even during surgical training. KEYWORDS Facial Nerve Monitoring, Parotidectomy, Benign Parotid Tumour, HouseBrackmann Score
Clinico-Etiological Profile of New Onset Seizures in Adults in Southern Odisha - An Observational Study
Authors: Sethy Ganeswar , Dash Debasish , Sethy Geetanjali , Panda Abinash , Anwesha Adya
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Population based studies indicate that the incidence and prevalence of seizure disorders in adults increase with age, especially in elderly, after the age of 60 years. The underlying etiological spectrum is variable across geographies. Analysis of aetiology of seizure is essential for proper treatment to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it. The present study was planned to analyse the aetiology of new onset seizures in adult population (> 18 years of age). METHODS The cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine of MKCG Medical College & Hospital for a period of two years. 100 consecutive cases of new onset seizures admitted in the in-patient department (indoor / ward) were included in the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was collected by the investigators in a pre-tested Case Record Form. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism trial version 7.0. Descriptive statistics were presented as proportions for discrete variables and as mean ± SD for continuous variables. P value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS Acute symptomatic seizures accounted for 89 % of cases. Neuro-infection was the leading aetiology in 35 % of cases, followed by cerebrovascular accidents (30 %) and metabolic causes (10 %). Neurocysticercosis was seen in 11 % cases, followed by meningitis and cerebral malaria. Among the vascular causes, stroke accounted for 20 %. Prevalence of neuro-infection was highest in the age group of 15 - 35 years. 89 % of idiopathic seizures were generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS). The prevalence of status epilepticus was 8 %. CONCLUSIONS Adult onset seizures have a varied spectrum of aetiology. With a thorough history, clinical examination and appropriate investigations, the aetiology can be identified. Accordingly, treatment can be instituted thus reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with it. KEYWORDS Aetiology, New Seizures, Stroke, Vascular, Neuro-Infection
Postoperative Analgesic Effect of Wound Site Infiltration with Bupivacaine versus Ropivacaine - A Randomised Clinical Trial at VIMSAR, Burla
Authors: Patel Malaya Kumar , Soren Dulal Kishun , Patro Girija Shankar Prasad , Patra Ananta Narayana , Padhan Bidyapati , Parija Kshitish Kumar , Satapathy Saswat
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Post-operative pain is a ubiquitous finding following any surgeries. It has physiological and psychological effect in patients. The source and degree of nociceptive stimulation differ among individuals and type of surgeries. In this regard, multimodal analgesic approach has been encouraged for post-operative pain relief, local infiltration of wound site being simplest among them. This procedure reduces the sensitisation and consequent hyperalgesia by cutting down afferent impulses from site of incision and injury. METHODS This is a single blind randomized clinical trial conducted at surgery main operation theatre, surgery indoor wards for a duration of 2 years. 60 patients posted for routine surgeries under general anaesthesia were taken as study subjects and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each. Before skin closure, skin wound site was infiltrated at 1ml/cm according to the following schedule - Group B: received Inj. Bupivacaine plain (0.2 %), Group R: received Inj. Ropivacaine plain (0.2 %). All the patients were followed up for 24 hours and post-operative pain score parameters (Visual Analogue Score) were taken at 1 hour, 2-hour, 6-hour, 10 hour and 24 hours. The time duration till the requirement of first dose of rescue analgesia was noted down. Data was analysed using chi-square test, student t - test and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Hemodynamic stability was more with Ropivacaine as the fall in blood pressure and heart rate was not drastic. Duration of analgesia was longer with Ropivacaine. Analgesia was better with Ropivacaine. Both the drugs caused analgesia of significant extent. No cardiotoxicity or any other adverse reaction was observed with either drug in this study. CONCLUSIONS Ropivacaine is having longer duration of analgesia and better analgesic effect than bupivacaine. KEYWORDS Postoperative, Analgesic, Wound, Infiltration, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Assessment of Physical Literacy among Medical Students of Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupathi
Authors: Chintakunta Venkata Subbarayudu , Samanthapudi Aditya Varma , Rapuri Sowmya Pallavi , Konda Supriya , A Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Physical literacy (PL) is the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge & understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life. Physical literacy can be identified as a basis for the characteristics, attributes, behaviours, awareness, knowledge & understanding, towards a healthy lifestyle, as well as a foundation to an elite sport. Research shows that without the development of physical literacy, many children and youth withdraw from physical activity and sport and turn to more inactive &/or unhealthy choices during their leisure time. The objective of this study is to determine the physical literacy and the factors influencing it among medical students. METHODS This was a cross sectional study. Selection of participants was based on simple random sampling method by computer generated random numbers and then questionnaires were administered to all the participants. The questionnaire consisted of questions pertaining to sociodemographic and cultural factors, anthropometric measurements, and PLAY (physical literacy assessment for youth) self-tool. PLAY self-tool has the following sub-sections - environment, physical literacy self-description, relative ranking of literacies and fitness. RESULTS The mean physical literacy total score in our study was 59.5 ± 11.3. About 19 % of the subjects scored PLAY self-total score grade of less than or equal to 50.0. Nearly 30 % scored physical literacy self-efficacy score of less than 600. Our results demonstrate significant associations between PLAY self-total score grade and gender, waist hip ratio, leisure time activity, Asian BMI, physical literacy selfefficacy score, fitness, and the most common mode of transport between college and home/hostel (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Future research should explore and standardize the tools to assess physical literacy objectively in the young adults (18 - 25 years). We recommend increasing the physical activity hours in the medical curriculum and encourage active modes of transport (bicycles/walk etc) within the campus. KEYWORDS Physical Literacy, Physical Activity, Medical Students, Dr. Kriellaars’s PLAY SelfTool, Canadian Sport for life CS4L), Physical Literacy Assessment for Youth PLAY)
A Study to Assess the Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Its Preventive Measures among GNM Students in Tripura, India
Authors: Chaudhuri Maitri , Das Manamala , Das Dilip Kumar
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide (22%), and in India (18.5%) it ranks second to cervical cancer. The burden of breast cancer is increasing in both developed and developing countries. India is a vast country with huge population, cultural diversity, geographical variations, diets and habits; sources of information on cancer risk factors are limited. Ageing is the main risk factor for breast cancer. Some of the associated factors related to reproductive and lifestyle includes literacy, diet, age at menarche and menopause, age at first delivery, abortion, and family history of breast cancer. Various pneumonic devices are used in teaching breast self-examination which includes “7Ps” - position, perimeter, palpation, pressure, pattern, practice, and planning, what to do if a change is found in a breast tissue. This study was carried out with the intention of assessing the level of knowledge and prevention of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) in female nursing students. METHODS A descriptive study was carried out in the Nurses’ Training Institute, Agartala, Tripura. A total of 100 students present on those days of data collection and who gave consent were included in the study. RESULTS 94 % were in the age group of 18 - 22 (reproductive age group) years. Among the 100 study participants, only 1 % had adequate knowledge followed by 36 % having moderate knowledge and majority (63 %) were under ‘inadequate level of knowledge’. Study showed that, there is a significant association between nursing student’s religion and educational level with the knowledge score on breast cancer and its preventive measures with chi square = 20.46 and chi square = 31.47 respectively at P < 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that the knowledge level of breast cancer among nursing students was poor. Nurse educator has ample opportunity for taking active part in educating the nursing students regarding breast cancer and its prevention. Education is of utmost importance for early detection of breast cancer and reduction of mortality. KEYWORDS Breast Cancer, Adequate, Moderately adequate, Inadequate
BANKA VEYA KREDİ KARTLARININ KÖTÜYE KULLANILMASI
Authors: ALTUĞ Şahin
Published: June 2021

Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 245. maddesi ile “banka veya kredi kartlarının

kötüye kullanılması”nın suç tipi olarak kabul edilmesi hukuk sistemimiz

açısından oldukça önemlidir Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun 245. maddesinde

birbirinden bağımsız üç farklı suç tipine yer verilmiştir. Bu suçlardan

birincisi olan gerçek bir banka veya kredi kartının kötüye kullanılması

suçu ilk fıkrada düzenlenmiş; banka veya kredi kartlarının sahte olarak

üretilmesi, satılması, satın alınması, devredilmesi veya kabul edilmesi

suçu maddenin ikinci fıkrasında hüküm altına alınmış; sahte oluşturulan

veya sahtecilik yapılan banka veya kredi kartı ile yarar sağlanması

suçu ise üçüncü fıkrada düzenlenmiştir. Şahsi cezasızlık sebepleri ve

etkin pişmanlık hükümleri yasal koşullar oluştuğunda yalnızca gerçek

bir banka veya kredi kartının kötüye kullanılması suçu açısından

uygulanabilir. Banka veya kredi kartlarının kötüye kullanılması suçu,

özgü suç olmadığı için herkes tarafından işlenebilir. Banka veya kredi

kartının hamili olan gerçek veya tüzel kişi de suçun mağdurudur. Bu

suçun konusu banka veya kredi kartlarıdır. Bu suçla korunan hukuki

değer karma bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Bu suç, kasten işlenebilir.
TÜRK CEZA KANUNU KAPSAMINDA İNSAN TİCARETİ SUÇUNUN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: GÜNGÖR Mümin
Published: June 2021

Çalışmayı oluşturan insan ticareti suçu ile korunan hukuksal fayda; ulusal ve uluslararası kamu düzeni ile suçun mağduru olan insanların maddi ve manevi bütünlükleri, şahsi özgürlüğü, insanların şeref ve haysiyeti, iş ve çalışma hürriyetleri, vücut bütünlükleri, genel sağlık ve ahlak gibi değerlerdir. Türkiye, insan ticareti suçunu başta “Sınıraşan Örgütlü Suçlara Karşı Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi” ile “Sınıraşan Örgütlü Suçlara Karşı Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesine Ek İnsan Ticaretinin, Özellikle Kadın Ve Çocuk Ticaretinin Önlenmesine, Durdurulmasına Ve Cezalandırılmasına İlişkin Protokolü” olmak üzere uluslararası belgeleri kabul etmek ve Türk Ceza Kanunu(TCK) mevzuatı içerisine düzenlemek suretiyle hukuki yararlara cezai koruma sağlamıştır. İnsan ticareti suçu, TCK’nın 80’nci maddesinde düzenlenilmiştir. Çalışma ile TCK mevzuatı temelinde doktrin ve yargı kararları ışığında insan ticareti suçu incelenerek katkı sağlanmağa çalışılacaktır.
Decision Making Ability of Women Entrepreneurs Involved in Dairy Farming
Authors: . Deepanka , Singh Amit , Singh Sanjeev Kumar , Tiwari Madhu , . Rashmi
Published: June 2021

Empowerment of women is fundamental for the progress of the country. Women play an important role in the socio-economic development of the country and in India they play a dual role. Women of the present day has extended her foot in every sphere and excelled through the same. They have broken the boundaries restricted to the house-hold work and the prejudice that women are homemaker and that they cannot compete with men. Women have increased their participation in economic activities especially in dairy farming activity as a as manager, decision makers and skilled workers. Therefore the study was planned to assess the decision making ability of the women entrepreneurs involved in dairy farming. This study was conducted in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh and a total of 120 women respondents were selected for study. Decision making ability of the respondents in dairy enterprise was studied under six subheads feeding, viz., breeding and management, health care, marketing and processing and miscellaneous activities. The response was collected by using a pretested structured interview schedule. The result shows that majority of respondents had decision making ability in feeding practices i.e., 68.18 per cent, 52.71 involved in breeding practices, 60.08 per cent involve in management practices, 57.92 per cent involved in health care, 61.46 per cent involved in marketing practices, 42.33 per cent involved in miscellaneous practices as insurance of dairy animals, advantage of dairy schemes etc. Though much of work of dairy farming is carried out by women but extension efforts and capacity building programmes are not generally designed for greater involvement of women and extending benefits to them. Therefore training module for scientific dairy farming can be formulated especially for women to improve their efficiency.
Tissue Specific Transcriptome Profiling and Genetic Region Marker Discovery of Indian Sesame (Sisemum indicum L.)
Authors: Jaiswal Sarika , Tomar Rukam S. , Vadukool Komal , . Uma , Chopra Meenu , Rathod Visha M. , Parakhia M.V. , Iqbal M.A. , Rai Anil , Kumar Dinesh
Published: June 2021

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), is rich source of oil, protein and potent antioxidants with wide applications. Molecular approach can be of great use for trait improvement as well more availability for this crop. The present work aims at tissue specific transcriptome profiling along with biochemical pathway analysis and genic region putative marker discovery. We report 14389, 9465 and 5490 DEGs in root, leaf and flower-bud tissues, respectively. 135, 113 and 120 cellular metabolic or signaling pathways having common 118 pathways were found in root-leaf (RL), leaf-flower (LF) and flower-root (FR), respectively. 218, 170 and 180 transcription factors were identified in root, leaf and flower transcriptome, respectively. Among DEGs, microRNA targets predicted were 534, 376 and 173 in root, leaf and flower, respectively. Genic region repeat analysis revealed 379 SSR. Further variant analysis revealed 3371, 5439 and 4975 SNPs and 2257, 2403 and 2411 INDELs in root, leaf and flower, respectively. The present study will aid in understanding the major biochemical pathways operating in different tissues. Genic region putative marker discovery can be a valuable genomic resource for future crop improvement program.
A Review on Fog and Smog: Impact, Mode of Action and Remedial Measures under COVID-19 Pandemics
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Rakesh , Leharwan Munish , Bhardwaj Mamta
Published: June 2021

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus pandemic: the Sars-Cov-2 virus (COVID-19) is a threat to the population’s health. A positive correlation has been observed between the spread of the virus and air pollution, which is one of the greatest challenges of our millennium. COVID-19 could have an air transmission and atmospheric particulate matter could create a suitable environment for transporting the virus at greater distances than those considered for close contact. Smog is formed when pollutants like nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds that are released from automobiles, industries and burning of rice crop residues (parali) and fossil fuels interact with sunlight (WHO, 2016). In this context, COVID-19 could also have an airborne transmission and particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 which is Fine particulates of 2.5 micrometer or 10 micrometer less are also among the pollutants found in smog and haze) could act as a carrier through the aerosol, conveying the virus and increasing its spread. It prove a direct correlation between current high air pollution levels and incidence of COVID-19, high pollution levels might also increase the risk of contracting COVID-19. One of the most pressing and urgent problems is that polluted air can severely endanger human health and life. Individual residents who are affected by smog pollution can often do very little to prevent it, but they can apply adaptive and protective measures to reduce their risk. Elderly and people experiencing any cardiac or respiratory illness are more prone to harmful effects of smog (Sierra Vargas et al., 2012). These measures are minimal exposure to outdoor air but if exposure is inescapable than a facemask should be worn. Those people who are affected with cardio-vascular disease and its allied patients should increase the dosage of medication on their physician’s advice to prevent worsening of disease. Supplements and food containing antioxidants like omega 3 fatty acids when added to diet may help against oxidative stress caused by pollutants (Xing et al., 2016). Therefore, it is crucial to minimize the negative effects of smog by wearing mask and reduced the environmental pollution by adopting eco-friendly products.
Next Generation Sequencing Data Analysis and its Applications in Agriculture
Authors: Begum Shbana , Banerjee Rahul
Published: June 2021

Next Generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are revolutionizing the acquisition of genomic data at relatively low cost. NGS technologies are rapidly changing approaches to complex genomic studies and generating a vast amount of data. New and more powerful bioinformatics proposals and tools are needed to handle such large biological collections of such huge amounts of data provided by NGS data analysis. In addition, specialized software tools and advanced computational resources are required for data integration. In this article, we are describing here the main computational approach for next generation sequencing data analysis and its role in agriculture for crop improvement.
Anthropometry of Female Agricultural Workers of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Potdar R.R. , Agrawal K.N. , Shukla Prabhakar , Jyoti Bikram
Published: June 2021

Most of the agricultural operations in India are performed manually with hand tools and equipment by female agricultural workers. This prompted designers to use female anthropometric data in designing of farm equipment and workplaces in order to reduce drudgery, to enhance safety, to improve performance, productivity and efficiency. A study was conducted to collect the anthropometric data of selected 30 female agricultural workers in the age group of 22-54 years from Madhya Pradesh state. For design of agricultural tools, equipment and workplaces the important, thirty eight body dimensions including weight were identified and measured. The values of mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum, maximum, coefficient of variation (CV) and 1st, 5th, 50th, 95th and 99th percentile values were calculated of selected body dimensions. The mean weight and stature of female agricultural workers were found to be 53 kg and 1536 mm, respectively. A large variation in anthropometric dimensions in the anthropometric data of female farm workers of different states of India and other countries was observed. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) were calculated among selected anthropometric dimensions of subjects. The correlation coefficients of measured data varied from 0.65-0.98.
Implementation and Performance of MGNREGA in Jammu and Kashmir A Decadal Study
Authors: Bhat Fayaz Ahmad. , Hussain Shazia , Yasmin Effat
Published: June 2021

Background: The MGNREGA was notified by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India in September, 2005. The Act provides legal guarantee of at least one hundred days of wage-employment to a rural household, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work in a financial year. The Act encompasses all areas concerning registration, plan formulation, implementation, timely payment of wages, grievance redressal mechanism, right to information, rendering of accounts, periodical meetings for fulfilling statutory requirement of providing 100 days guaranteed employment to rural households who volunteer to do unskilled manual labour. Methods: The present research is based on the secondary sources of data and empirical analysis of the data is conducted by using some basic statistical tools like percentage and graphs analysis of various variables in the study.Result: Since the implementation of MGNREGA, the number of households issued job cards increased from 4.97 lakh in 2008-09 to 12.53 lakh in 2017-18, thus showing a significant increase. The number of households who demanded employment and the level of employment in the State has also shown an upward trend and the number of person days of employment generated has increased from 32.3 to 84.61 lakhs and the total person days of employment provided the share of SCs STs and others has also been increased from 1.7, 7.5 and 23.05 to 4.09, 17.27 and 63.25 lakhs respectively. Although the share of employment of SCs, STs and women in the total employment has shown an increasing trend through-out the reference period but there is a large number of SCs and STs who have not yet got registered under MGNREGA and the increase in women participation is still far below the 33% share as enshrined in the guidelines of the Act.
Effect of Temeperature and PH on Growth of Alternaria tagetica, Leaf Blight of Marigold
Authors: Kurhade Karuna Chandrakant , Gangawane Hanumant Dnyandeo , Deokar C.D. , Raghuwanshi K.S.
Published: June 2021

Marigold (Tagets erecta) is one of the most important major floriculture crop in India. The leaf blight of marigold is caused by Alternaria tagetica is becoming a common disease on marigold Alternaria blight appeared in mild to severe form in many regions of Maharashtra and sometimes resulting in complete failure of the crop especially during rainy season. The fungal pathogen are greatly influenced by environmental factor therefore the present work undertaken to study the effect of temperature and pH on growth of Alternaria tagetica. The effect of temperature and pH were determined by colony diameter method by using different media like potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar medium. It is clearly evident from the result that all the temperature pH tested showed variation in the diameter of colony. The temperature 25oC encouraged better growth of Alternaria tagetica as compared to 15oC and 35oC. The result also revealed that pH 6 and 7 encouraged better growth of Alternaria tagetica it is concluded from the result that temperature 25oC and pH 6 is optimum temperature and pH for the growth Alternaria tagetica.
Bio-rational Management of Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera L.) in Chickpea Crop
Authors: Jat B.L. , . Nidhi , Singh Gopichand , Kumawat Pushpa
Published: June 2021

On Farm Testing of Pheromone trap @ 5/ha + Coriander row (7/8:1) + HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha against pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera L.) management was assessed on farmers field in Nagaur district during 2020-21. Trial was conducted on 10 farmer’s field to know the impact of said technology on chickpea pod borer management. In the demonstrated technologies the chickpea seed production 19.83 q/ha. The percent seed yield increase over the farmer’s practices was 34.11%. The net return in demonstration technology was Rs. 67036/ha and the same was Rs. 44525/ha. The incremental benefit cost ratio was 3.26 in demonstration technology as compared to farmer’s/ local check 2.60 respectively.
Dietary Laminaria japonica Polysaccharide Regulates Systemic Defence Property of Weaned Piglets Improving Growth Performance under High Temperature Condition
Authors: Wang C.W. , Jiang Y. , Chen W.N. , Liu Q. , Cheng X.F. , Zhang Y.H. , Yuan D.D. , Jiang X.R.
Published: June 2021

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary LJP supplementation on growth performance, heat stress resistance and immune status of weaned piglets raised in a high-temperature environment (34 ± 3°C). Methods: A total of 72 Barkshire × Licha Black crossbred piglets were weaned at 30 days of age (BW, 5.88 ± 0.16 kg) and fed either without or with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg LJP in a completely randomized design, with 3 pens per diet (6 pigs per pen). On day 21, a total of 12 piglets were selected to collect blood samples. Result: The results showed that 200 and 400 mg/kg LJP supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of piglets compared to the control group (P = 0.037) and dietary LJP linearly increased average daily gain and decreased FCR of piglets (P = 0.037 and 0.011, respectively). In addition, adding 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg LJP reduced the serum HSP70 content compared to the control group (P = 0.019) and dietary LJP linearly and quadratically decreased the serum HSP70 content of piglets (P = 0.030 and 0.011, respectively). Moreover, supplementation of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg LJP increased the serum (NO) and nitric oxide acid phosphatase (ACP) content compared to the control group (P = 0.019; P = 0.003) and dietary LJP linearly increased the serum lysozyme, NO and ACP contents (P = 0.039; P = 0.005; P = 0.001). In conclusion, dietary LJP has potential to regulate systemic defence property of weaned piglets raised in a high temperature condition, accompanied by increased growth performance.
Characterisation of Pigment Producing Bacteria Isolated from Bio Floc Ponds and Its Colour Enhancement Effect in Xiphophorus helleri
Authors: Menaga M. , Felix S. , Mohanasundari C. , Charulatha M.
Published: June 2021

Background: Biofloc technology is a minimal or zero water exchange technology which exerts beneficial effects on water quality, improves feed conversion ratio by recycling microbial protein in the culture of commercially important finfishes and shellfishes. This culture technique also improves the pigmentation in the ornamental fish culture. The presence of pigment producing bacteria and the absorption of the pigments by the ornamental fishes under biofloc technology would pave a long way to boost the production and export market of the high value fishes. Therefore, the present study evaluated the use of bacterial pigments isolated from the biofloc culture in the diets of Swordtail ornamental fish for its colouration and pigment absorption ability. Methods: A 30 days trial was conducted to evaluate the colour enhancement in swordtail through the supplementation of pigment produced from the bacteria in their diets. Swordtail fishes (1.2 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in 100 litres tanks (20 nos / tank) in triplicates. Fish fed with normal diet served as control and diet supplemented with pigment (50 mg/kg) isolated from the bacteria Exiguobacterium profundum (T1), Chryseobacterium joostei (T2), Staphylococcus pasteuri (T3), Staphylococcus arlettae (T4) served as treatments. The characteristic features of the pigments isolated from the four different bacteria were checked and showed enhanced antibacterial, total antioxidant activity and the reductive ability. Result: Significant difference was observed in water quality parameters except temperature between the experimental groups. Growth parameters showed significant difference between control and treatment. Highest carotenoid concentration was found in fishes fed with pigments extracted from Staphylococcus pasteuri compared to other experimental groups. The present study proved the incorporation of bacterial pigments in the diets of Swordtail enhanced the total carotenoid concentration.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminthic Infections in Black Bucks (Antilope cervicapra) of Tal Chhapar Sanctuary of Rajasthan
Authors: Chouhan A.K. , Pilania P.K. , . Monika , Rathore Bhavana , Gupta Abhishek , Sodha D.B. , Pateer D.P.
Published: June 2021

Background: Blackbuck is the most elegant member of the antelope family has long been associated with Indian culture. Wildlife parasitic diseases represent an important field of investigation as they may have a significant impact on wild animal health and are responsible for one-third of total losses due to all animal diseases. Adequate information on epidemiology of helminthic infections is a crucial requirement for the sustainable control of GIH in black bucks in near future.
Methods: A total of 632 faecal samples were collected from Tal-Chhapar Sanctuary of Rajasthan during summer, rainy and winter season from November 2018 to September 2019 and examined qualitatively by faecal floatation and sedimentation techniques for helminth eggs and quantitatively by modified McMaster egg counting technique.
Result: Coprological examination of samples revealed an overall prevalence of 72.46% for gastrointestinal helminths (GIH) with a mixed infection of 38.92%. Among different helminths recorded with their respective prevalences (%) were, Strongyle (56.80%), Strongyloides sp. (40.98%), Trichuris sp. (8.22%), Marshallagia sp. (6.64%) and Ascaris sp. (5.22%). Quantitative analysis revealed egg per gram of faeces ranging from 200-1200 and 200-900 with an average of 561.11 ± 67.74 and 469.23 ± 62.50 for strongyle and Strongyloides sp., respectively. Statistical analysis using multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed highly significant difference (P less than 0.01) in the prevalence of GIH infection among different seasons. The coproculture study revealed Bunostomum sp. (42%) as the major contributor of strongyle nematode population, followed by Haemonchus sp. (31%), Trichostrongylus sp. (26%) and Strongyloides sp. (1%).
Molecular Detection and Risk Factor Analysis of Babesia gibsoni and Babesia vogeli in Naturally Infected Dogs in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kopparthi Jalajakshi , Chennuru Sreedevi , Vukka Chengalva Rayulu , Karumuri Nalini Kumari , Devalam Rani Prameela
Published: June 2021

Background: Babesiosis in dogs is endemic in tropical countries like India because of presence of tick vectors as well as reservoir stray dog population round the year. There is paucity of information regarding the prevalence and molecular confirmation of Babesia species in dogs in Andhra Pradesh. The present study was aimed to detect Babesia species in naturally infected dogs in Andhra Pradesh. Methods: During the one-year study i.e. from June 2019 to July 2020, blood samples were collected from 442 tick infected dogs showing clinical signs suggestive of babesiosis to determine the prevalence of Babesia species by microscopy and molecular technique. Factors associated with prevalence of babesiosis were analyzed by logistic regression models. Result: Microscopic examination of stained blood smears revealed 11.8% prevalence of Babesia spp. infection in dogs in the study area, while 28.3% of dogs were found to be positive for Babesia spp. in the first Babesia genus-specific PCR. Further analysis of positive samples with species-specific PCR, Babesia gibsoni and B. vogeli were detected 19.9% and 8.6% of dogs, respectively. Risk factor analysis by binary logistic regression model revealed that the living condition of the dogs, gender, age, medium and tick infestation as risk factors for B. gibsoni and B. vogeli infection.
Numerical Methods I
Authors: Obsieger Boris
Published: June 2021

Textbook, established at several universities. Second edition. *** Written primarily for students at technical studies. Valuable handbook for engineers, PhD students and scientists. *** Published in several variants. *** Seven chapters. In the first chapter, a historical background and basic properties of various numeral systems, as well as conversion of numbers from one system to another are briefly explained. In the second chapter, numbers in digital computers, namely integers and floating point numbers are described. This helps the reader to choose precision and range limits of stored numbers. The third chapter explains constant variables and related numerical errors, including error propagation and algorithm instability. The fourth and fifth chapters explain random variables and related random errors, uncertainty, confidence level, as well as propagation of random errors. Various types of regression analyses of experimental data are described in the sixth chapter. Direct methods for finding roots of the third and fourth degree polynomials are described in the seventh chapter, followed by general iterative methods for polynomials of any degree. *** Why the presented topics are so important? Simply, they are common to all numerical methods. *** Practical application is supported by 84 examples and 17 algorithms. For reasons of simplicity, algorithms are written in pseudo-code, so they can easily be implemented in any computer program. Finally, the given text with 98 figures and 52 tables represents a valuable background for understanding, applying and developing various numerical analyses.
Impact of Changing Administrative Boundaries on Development of Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur Districts, West Bengal
Authors: Sk Ismaile  , Namita Chakma
Published: June 2021

Generally, new districts are formed to facilitate administrative expediency or ease of administrative connectivity in a much better way. Often it reduces the distance between the district headquarters and remote areas resulting in easy access to the district headquarters with investing less time and strain. Apparently, it becomes helpful to interact with the beneficiaries in implementing and monitoring the government schemes and programmes in the areas near the district headquarters and remote areas, which is essential for the overall development of a region. In the present study, a meso-level specific comparative analysis has been done at inter and intra district level on the basis of some selected socio-economic indicators (based on Census of India data sources) to understand the impact of reorganisation of the administrative boundaries on the development of Uttar and Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal, India.

Submitted: 31 October 2020; Revised:31 December 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2021
Language and Colour of Skin: A Frantz Fanonian Cultural Study
Authors: Sujoy  Barman
Published: June 2021

This study is an extraction from the cultural theory of Frantz Fanon, who is regarded as the father of the theory of violence. In the Frantz Fanonian cultural study, discrimination is noticed on the basis of the colour of skin and the exercise of languages and literature, and these are the proposed areas and explained in this article. In the cultural study, for the indigenous background, the black people lead an absurd life in the white cultural society and as well as in the black cultural community in the presence of their white masters. The present study attempts to find out Fanon’s ideologies on the roles of languages, literature, and colour to explain the relation between black and white people and the cultural subjectivity and objectivity. It attempts to fill the gap of the neglected areas in the Frantz Fanonian study in the Manichean society. These neglected areas are the roles of language, literature, and skin colour for the cultural discrimination in the postcolonial cultural study. It also finds out the reasons behind abolishing the black culture at the presence of the white culture and recognising the issues for the black cultural revival after its abolishment in newly liberated countries.

Submitted: 26 January 2021; Revised: 28 February 2021; Accepted: 9 April 2021
Teachers’ Perception of the Use of Microsoft Teams for Remote Learning in Southwestern Nigerian Schools
Authors: Olugbade Damola , Olurinola Oluwakemi
Published: June 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has required schools in Nigeria to embrace remote learning using technology solutions, in this case, Microsoft Teams, to effectively engage students. This study, therefore, aimed to reveal teachers’ perception of the use of Microsoft Teams for remote learning. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. The participants in the study were 51 teachers who were randomly selected using convenient sampling technique. E-questionnaire was used in the collection of data. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts, simple percentages, mean and standard deviations were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that teachers’ perception of effectiveness of Microsoft Teams for assignment and grading, for teacher and student interaction, and for classroom organisation was very good. The result obtained revealed that Microsoft Teams was effective in addressing some of the major challenges encountered by teachers during remote learning which includes students being often on other websites and poor student engagement. It was concluded that Microsoft Teams was effective for smooth interaction between teacher and students. Its use enhanced classroom organization and consequently facilitated teaching and learning process. The study encourages wider adoption of the application by schools.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Face Mask Mandates, Hospitalization, and Infection Rates in the United States
Authors: Armstrong-Mensah Elizabeth , Tetteh Ato Kwamena , Tetteh Gifty Rhodalyn
Published: June 2021

Face masks have been identified as one of the preventive methods for the control of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend the universal use of face masks, there are controversies in the implementation of a national face mask mandate in the US. This commentary discusses the relationship between facemask mandates and key COVID-19 indicators such as infection rates and hospitalization rates in the US. It also summarizes some of the political issues surrounding the implementation of the national face mask mandate. We conducted an ecological study on the relationship between face mask mandates and key COVID-19 indicators. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar and reviewed 150 English articles related to face mask challenges in the US published from 2005 to 2021. We identified seven challenges associated with face mask wearing - conflicting messaging, individualism, denial, health consequences, lack of a national masking standard, concerns of African American males, and environmental issues. We found that North Dakota, a state without a face mask mandate had the highest COVID-19 prevalence of 13.3%. The mean prevalence for the highest top 10 ranked states without and with a face mask mandate was 11.1% and 10.5%, respectively. We also found that Florida, Arizona and Georgia, states without a face mask mandates, had the highest cumulative hospitalizations of 83,381, 58,670, and 57,911 hospitalizations, respectively. Alabama, Indiana, and Minnesota, which have face mask mandates, had the lowest hospitalization rates of 47,090, 47,787, and 26,651, respectively.
O ensino (do) mapa e o ensino (pelo) mapa
Authors: Calado Neto Jose
Published: June 2021

O ensino de Geografia tem na Cartografia uma de suas principais linguagens, seja sob a ótica conteudista ou metodológica. Em outras palavras, a Cartografia se apresenta como “ciência ou arte”, capaz de alicerçar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Geografia Escolar. Assim, não há como se falar em ensinar Geografia sem que haja uma ligação direta como a utilização de mapas. Mas como esses produtos cartográficos são trabalhados durante as aulas? Esse artigo visa discutir o ensino do mapa e o ensino pelo mapa, levantando questões relacionadas a alfabetização cartográfica e ao real uso dos mapas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia. A partir de um vasto referencial teórico, foram analisados alguns pontos que procuram explicar como a leitura do mapa é abordada em sala de aula, se como conteúdo, apenas, ou como uma importante ferramenta metodológica para a compreensão dos mais diversos temas geográficos.
A importância do processo de verticalização urbana para o ensino de Geografia
Authors: Spode Pedro , Costa Iago Turba , De Aguiar Priscila
Published: June 2021

A verticalização urbana é um fenômeno geográfico que altera profundamente a paisagem urbana. Trata-se da construção de edifícios comerciais e para moradias, impulsionados pela crescente especulação imobiliária, que faz com que grandes investimentos de capital sejam implementados neste setor, causando uma série de impactos socioespaciais nas cidades. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho está pautado em refletir sobre o processo de verticalização urbana, como temática fundamental para as aulas de Geografia, permitindo aos alunos compreenderem não apenas os conteúdos ligados a urbanização e a formação das cidades, mas também a compreensão acerca da transformação do espaço e a produção de paisagens nas cidades. Desse modo, a produção de edifícios transforma o espaço, alterando a paisagem urbana, sendo um processo que pode ser visualizado no cotidiano dos alunos. Alguns recursos podem ser utilizados para auxiliar a compreensão dos alunos, como a própria internet com o mundo de possibilidades que ela permite, o Google Earth, as fotografias realizadas por meio de drones, além do uso da cartografia temática, aliada aos trabalhos de campo, que são indispensáveis para o ensino e aprendizado em Geografia. A verticalização urbana, como todos os outros objetos implantados na cidade, contribui de maneira fundamental para que os alunos aprendam sobre as transformações do espaço geográfico ao longo do tempo, bem como, possam entender melhor a respeito do seu próprio lugar no mundo.