bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The analysis of Caesarean Section Rate based on 10 groups Robson’s Classification
Authors: Zijaj Lorena , Arian Shtylla , Jola Kerpaci
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Caesarean Section use is growing in a progressive rate globally. The trend in Albania follows the same pattern with the overall rate rising steadily. Specifically, in “Koco Gliozheni” Hospital the data went up from 29.5% in 2010 to 43.41% in 2020. The World Health Organization recommends the Robson Classification as an effective way of monitoring and analyzing caesarean section . Objective: The aim of this article is to evaluate the cesarean section rate at UHOG “Koco Gliozheni”. Material and method: This is a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at UHOG “Koco Gliozheni” in Tirana from January 2016 to May 2017. Results: 1918 out of 4838 births were performed by caesarean section, which corresponds to a rate of 39.6%. According to Robson classification the largest group was the group 5 with a relative contribution of 31.6%. On second and third place were group 1 and 2 with relative contribution of 22.5% and 16.7% respectively. Groups 1; 2; 5 made an account of relative contribution of 76.2%. All other groups had altogether a contribution of 23.8%.Conclusions: In our study, Robson Groups 5, 1, 2 were identified as the main contributors to the overall CS rate at the UHOG “Koco Gliozheni”. It is important that efforts to reduce the overall CS rate should mainly be focused on the primary CS rate (group 1 and 2) and on increasing vaginal birth trail after CS (group 5).
Characteristics of Strategic Subcontracting Relations of Industrial SMEs
Authors: Vasilska Maria
Published: October 2021

The paper explores and analyses the activities of industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), working as subcontractors, that have built sustainable relationships with at least one of their clients. It focuses on the importance of such dealings for SMEs that enables them to overcome their inherent weaknesses, to enhance competitiveness and to realize promising development. For that reason, subcontractors usually seek to build strategic partnerships with contractors. The paper reveals the main characteristics of the buyer-supplier relations that could be defined as strategic to the subcontracting SMEs, such as: to be sustainable over time, to provide access to key resources and innovations, to lead to acquisition of new competitive advantages and growth, etc. In addition, the paper presents some key traits of the relations that mark the existence of a mutual strategic partnership between subcontractors and their clients. The data and methods used in the paper include a study of literature sources, an investigation of available research findings, results of the author’s individual research and expert observations, as well as data from a collective research project.
International Cooperation Combating Financial Proceeds of Crime
Authors: Lule Silvana
Published: October 2021

The flow of illicit capital, into the financial circles of various states, is a serious threat to global security. To this end, an important part of the strategy to combat criminal proceeds is the coordination of work between states. Expanding investigative capacity across national borders is seen as an important factor in the success of the fight against crime. The exchange of information, between law enforcement agencies in different states, is one of the most effective policies for financial investigations aimed at tracking the proceeds of crime. This case, should be approciated in two aspects. On the one hand, it is necessary to adopt direct and at the same time joint interventions, to detect and monitor the movement of money or capital outside their borders. On the other hand, the conditions must be provided for an appropriate use of information and without hindering the movement of legal capital. The necessity of a common criminal policy, to deprive criminals of the proceeds of crime and the instruments for their commission, is clearly emphasized by international acts in this field. They encourage the widest possible cooperation between states for the purpose of investigating and prosecuting criminal assets.
The Design of a Tomato Powder Processing Plant with a Capacity of 75,000 Tonnes Per Annum in Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa
Authors: Ebuehi Osaretin N.I.
Published: October 2021

This project designed a plant that will process 250 tonnes of raw tomatoes per day. The duration of this production was spread across 24 hours and operated for 300 days in a year, which gave a yield of 17.5 tons of tomato powder per day. From these specifications, the best process route was synthesized. The process route selected involved choosing and sorting the tomatoes, washing, blanching, blending, spray drying (as the drying process), packaging and labeling. Through a series of investigations, the most feasible way to dry tomato powder on an industrial scale proved to be the spray-drying method because the process was very rapid, required low labor cost, and was relatively simple to operate and sustain. The particle size was also easy to control with this technology, making it easy to correlate with product standards. The equipment to be used was then identified which included the machine vision, a spray washer, a water Blancher, an industrial blender, a spray dryer, and a powder packaging machine. Material and energy balance were evaluated around the whole plant. A process flow diagram and basic piping and instrumentation diagram were also computed using engineering software such as Microsoft Visio. From the previous work done, the selected process unit, the spray dryer, was designed with a detailed piping and instrumentation diagram made around it. The site of the plant was resolved, adjacent oriental foods along the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway. It was necessary to site the plant in an area where raw materials can easily be delivered to. The area selected was directly linked to a major highway, the Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, thereby making transport quite affordable. The site layout alongside the plant layout was constructed. The layouts clearly showed the standard flow process.
Effects of Adverse Drug Reactions and Adverse Drug Events in Hospital Admission Rates and Re-Hospitalization of Patients
Authors: Balidemaj Festina
Published: October 2021

Background: ADRs and ADEs have a great potential to hospitalize and/or re-hospitalize patients. According to McDonnell and Jacobs, one ADR or ADE could lead a patient to a hospital length of stay of an average of 6.1 days. This can lead to lost days of work, a longer recovery time and even economic implications. Methods: A thorough evaluation of the relevant extracted literature has been analyzed thoroughly in order to find out how ADRs and ADEs impact the levels of hospitalization and re-hospitalization of patients and whether strategies, such as reporting systems, can aide in decreasing their overall occurrence. Results: As the level of hospital admissions/re-hospitalizations due to ADRs and ADEs depends on different factors, such as age and location, the data is separated in the following categories: pediatric population, general adult populations and geriatric population. Where data were available, location has been specified within each category as well. Conclusion: ADR and ADE-related hospital admission and readmission rates are age-group related, elderly being at the highest risk. However, these rates are not dependent on whether a country is developed or developing. Also, there are strategies that can be utilized by healthcare providers in order to decrease these rates in the future, such as to provide medication reviews and follow-ups.
State Owned Enterprises
Authors: Biba Diana
Published: October 2021

According to OECD (2015), any corporate entity recognized by national law as an enterprise, and in which the state exercises ownership, should be considered as a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE). Although most industrialized economies are characterized by open and competitive markets firmly rooted in the rule of law, with private enterprises as the predominant economic actors yet governments continue to own and operate national commercial enterprises in key industries, making them important actors in the market, in the economy and in the society. The SOEs are an established reality world - wide but how well this reality performs is another question, that needs to be considered case by case. However, it may be concluded that when governed transparently and efficiently, SOEs can play a role in creating fairer, more competitive markets. Thus, in order to maximize their contribution to the economy and the society, SOEs should be productive and efficient.
Institutional Mechanisms for the Rights and Protection of the Child in Albania, Their Practical Operation
Authors: Alma (Lleshi) Tandili
Published: October 2021

For the functioning of the integrated child protection system, it is necessary to establish structures and make them operational responsible for policy making and their implementation on the issues affecting the rights and protection of the child. Receiving the recommendation to open accession negotiations for Albania's membership in the European Union places the institutions responsible for the approximation of legislation with responsibility. The new legal framework for the rights and protection of the child is designed in the spirit of the European Union by creating institutional mechanisms. This article will describe the functionality of these mechanisms in practice by highlighting field problems and concrete data on cases of children in need of protect.
Prevalence of Oral Habits in Dentalanomalies
Authors: Xhemnica Rozela , Mataj Elsena , Milton Rroço
Published: October 2021

There are a lot of oral habits in which are included even non-nutritional habits. The role of these habits has been evidenced in the development of different malocclusion in each plane, vertical, transversal and sagittal ones. The reason why habits can cause such problems is based on equilibrium theory. The main purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of non-nutritional habits and their effect development of dental anomalies. The method of this study was descriptive in prospectively. Its duration was 20 months. The age of children taken in this study vary from 6 to 15 years old and was selected casually at clinics of “University of Mother of Good Council” and two private clinics. Results we were able to fill the questionnaires of 194 patients in which 50.3% of them were females and 43.1% of them were males. According to the age of children, there was a frequency of 46.7% of 6-10 years old children and 53.3% of 11-15 years old ones. Results on the frequency of non-nutritive habits were about 64% of fake pacifier usage, in which there was a variety of percentage of time when it was used. Meanwhile, thumb sucking resulted in 10.20 % of results, lip biting or sucking 7.10%. Conclusions: This group age was very often in predisposition to have such habits. Our results confirm the impact of these habits in the development of different malocclusions. We recommend applying preventive strategies so we can avoid the installation of these habits and such malocclusions.
Imereti Region's Natural - Recreational and Historical – Cultural Potential as Tourism Development Factor in Georgia
Authors: Tsitsino Davituliani , Rusudan Mikautadze
Published: October 2021

Imereti – is one of the smallest region on the Black Sea coast in Georgia. The geographical location, historical-cultural and natural monuments, the rich Imeretian hospitality traditions are a good prerequisite for the development of recreation and tourism. Imereti region is a growing tourist segment. For more than 900 historical and more than 350 natural monuments continuously presents the rich history of the country from the primitive societies until nowadays. Myths and legends related to Imereti ( Colchis kingdom, myth about Amirani (Prometheus), Golden Fleece, King Aetees and Medea and etc.) are well-known for the Western society. The work done for the popularization of these tourist products has greatly contributed to the growth of both organized and unorganized tourism. (80,000 men in 2007, in 2017 - more than 450,000).Today, tourism in Georgia is developing at a fast pace. Natural and historic monuments are the "Golden Keys" of the tourism potential of the region. We believe that tourism is a stimulus for the development of the local economy, and it should facilitate for staying of youth in the small towns by creating different jobs in order not to leave their country and therefore alienate from their national identities and culture. Keywords: natural monuments; historical-cultural heritage; national identity; recreational resources.
The Picketing in Turkish Labour Law
Authors: Tunca Merda Elvan
Published: October 2021

The Collective labour disputes between the employee and the employer parties, during negotiations to concludea collective labour agreement, can be resolved through peaceful and combative ways. Strike is a combativemethod that employees leave their work or disrupt their activities in the workplace in order to improve theirworking conditions economically or obtain new rights. If there is a strike which fulfils the conditions of a lawfulstrike regulated in the Law No. 6356 on Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining Agreement, there will be alawful strike. The second type of strike which is the unlawful strike; is any strike that happens without fulfillingthe conditions of a lawful strike. Picketing is also a combative method that is applied to solve the collective labourdisputes in labour law, and has an importance within the freedom of expression. In daily language; picketing isdefined as a personal or collective protest by using banners against an event or a person. In terms of labourlaw; picketing is defined as employees gathering at the entrance of their workplace while there is an ongoingstrike, in order to complain about the employer to the other employees and to the society, and also to persuadethe other employees to leave their jobs and join the strike. The aim of this study is to examine the concept ofpicketing in terms of Turkish labour law by comparing with the Anglo-Saxon law.
Employers’ Expectations of University Graduates as They Transition into the Workplace
Authors: Cheang Michael , Yamashita Georgia Lynn
Published: October 2021

Research on work readiness indicates employers are increasingly pointing out that soft skills are as important as discipline specific knowledge and technical skills when hiring recent university graduates. However, many university students think excellent grades are the main reason they get the jobs. The disconnect between what employers expect and what students imagine is significant to the extent that many recent university graduates are unable to be employed in the jobs they want, and many employers have challenges dealing with recent university graduates who are not work ready. In 2018, a soft skills pilot study was conducted with internship supervisors who work with the Human Development and Family Studies Program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. An online survey was sent to 65 internship supervisors, and three focus group sessions were conducted as a follow-up of the survey. In 2019, Phase 2 of this study polled 76 employers who participated in a university career fair on what soft skills they expect university graduates to have at the time of hiring. This paper reports on findings to two questions: 1) What employers think of undergraduate university students who have completed an internship with them, and 2) What soft skills employers expect of recent university graduates who are transitioning into the workplace. Findings indicate that in addition to soft skills, employers also regard personal attributes and qualities as equally important at the time of hire.
The Role of the Internet in the Development of Marketing and Electronic Services in Business
Authors: Terziu Hysni
Published: October 2021

Internet marketing and e-services are considered the latest areas of research, which represent a strategic importance for businesses that have directed their efforts towards e-marketplace. Studies have shown that online consumer behavior differs from consumer behavior in the traditional marketplace. On the other hand, managers seem to have a good understanding of the needs of consumers to meet them effectively and efficiently in the electronic environment. Few things have dramatically and instantly affected our lives and the way many businesses operate more than the development of the internet. The ways in which some marketing activities are carried out have changed since businesses turned to trading. The Internet offers opportunities for an organization to grow its business in an efficient and practical way. This means that the internet can be used to conduct marketing research, reach new markets, better serve customers, distribute products faster, solve customer problems, and communicate more efficient with business partners. The benefits of online marketing include improved information flow, new products and customer service, improved availability, and better market transparency. To design and implement a successful e-marketing program, a number of theories, applications, and technologies need to be carefully analyzed and understood. In this paper we will examine the best ways of Internet marketing for business success. The main objective of this article is to understand the impact of the Internet on various areas of marketing, such as product development and service delivery, promotion, pricing and channel distribution. The paper shows that when manufacturers connect directly with customers and shorten distribution channels, inefficiencies can be eliminated, product delivery time can be reduced, and manufacturers can build closer relationships with customers. Consumers use the internet to reduce costs, find otherwise unavailable products, or increase the ease of their purchase. Online customers expect simple, understandable and secure ordering and payment systems. Consumers want confidence that orders will be fulfilled immediately. E-commerce creates value for consumers in many ways. Consumers are treated as a market of one. They may have access to a greater variety of products, often at lower prices. The study suggests that businesses need to pay special attention to the impacts of the Internet and its uses in marketing to be successful and profitable.
The Factors Behind Bulgaria’s (Non) Convergence
Authors: Kirova Silvia
Published: October 2021

This paper looks at the real convergence of Bulgaria in the period 1999-2018 and tries to identify and describe the factors that have stimulated or impeded the growth and the convergence of the economy. The research is based on the sigma-convergence method for estimation of the disparities in terms of real GDP per capita among the six Central and eastern European (CEE) countries with a derogation and among them and the average euro area income per capita. A comparative analysis is applied when analyzing the factors for convergence and their evolution in the period as Bulgaria is compared to the other CEE economies. The results of the research show the presence of a sigma convergence in the observed period. The convergence has been more pronounces in the first ten years. Although Bulgaria demonstrates one of the highest growth rates, this growth has not been sufficient to close the significant income gap between Bulgaria and the EU and euro area averages. While some factors have played positive role in the convergence process, some weaknesses have not been overcome and continue to play negative role and impede the convergence.
Albania’s Plan: Response to COVID-19
Authors: Degjoni Rudina , Loxha Ilirjana
Published: October 2021

The current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which began in December 2019, represents a significant challenge for Albania, as well as for the entire world. This study considers that Albania has prepared several action plans over the years related to pandemic influenza preparedness, health security, and health emergencies. The result shows that sharing information about the preparedness of Albania’s plan has a significant positive impact on the response adequately and in a timely manner, offering protection to the population. This paper first investigates the novel nature of the virus during a pandemic situation in Albania and proposes public protection plans to respond to the coronavirus. In brief, the current main objectives in Albania are to create a protected environment, update information and create response measures for the Albanian population. The results show that the measures taken are helping the health indicators to stay constant and decrease the curve of the pandemic.Keyword: coronavirus, measures, indicators, response, Albanian population
The Impact of Education in Combating the Development of the Trafficking in Human Beings Process
Authors: Latifi Arjeta Shaqiri
Published: October 2021

This research will discuss the impact of education on combating the development of the process of trafficking in human beings, as a growing phenomenon in Kosovar society. Trafficking in human beings is a violation of fundamental human rights, a negative phenomenon, as well as a concern and a danger to the whole society. Kosovo is a country in transition, where trafficking in human beings is a great challenge to Kosovar society, especially bearing in mind that this phenomenon developed in the post-war years in Kosovo. The phenomenon of trafficking in human beings dates back to the early days of humanity (from the slave-owner society), but now the forms and patterns of trafficking have changed, transforming into "modern slavery". This phenomenon has become a concern of Kosovar society, which is constantly making great (institutional) efforts to combat this phenomenon. Among the most relevant factors for combating trafficking in human beings is education as a basic factor of a healthy society, which shapes the personality of young people and builds the foundations of a vital society which builds its future on social values and fights trafficking with human beings. Thus, the role of education in a society, as well as the path towards combating the process of trafficking in human beings is analyzed by: family, education, social circle, tradition, community culture, state policies and other competent accompanying institutions. The thesis of this research will be: How does education impact on the fight against the evelopment of the process of trafficking in human beings in Kosovo society?
Many authors have given different opinions about education as a factor in combating trafficking in human beings and its impact on society, which will be discussed below. Thus, the paper tends to concretize the impact of education on prevention of trafficking in human beings, where the interview method was used, which was conducted with the competent education officials. As a result of a country with a low level of economic development, high level of poverty, inadequate quality of education, shortcomings in social policies, dysfunctional level of legal infrastructure, we conclude that all these influential factors in combating the phenomenon of trafficking with human beings, remain a constant task for their improvement in our society.
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Commitmentwithin Dubai Government Entities: Mediating Effects ofCommunication
Authors: Raeesi Ali Murad Ali Al Taher Al , Samsudin Norsamsinar
Published: October 2021

Employee commitment is the essential element especially for the governmententities success where employees are not willing to perform and this situationmotivates the research to examine employee commitment of the governmententities in Dubai. Thus, this study investigated the relationship betweenleadership styles and employees’ commitment and communication amongDubai government entities. This study also assess the impact ofcommunication on the relationship between leadership styles and employees’commitment at the Dubai Immigration Department (DID). This study hasfollowed the quantitative methods of data collection and also used the smart-PLS for analysis. The findings revealed that transformational andtransactional styles have positive effects on employees’ commitment to DID.Findings also revealed that there is a significant relationship betweentransformational and transactional styles and communication. A positiveeffect is also discovered to exist between communication and employees’commitment. Communication mediates transformational and transactionalstyles and employee commitment. The original contribution to knowledge isthe mediating role communication plays in DID in relation to employees’commitment. These findings helped to determine the appropriaterecommendations for policy and practice in the UAE, as well as suggestionsfor future research.
The Relation Ship Between Management Process and Performace of RTA in UAE Technological Orientation as Moderator
Authors: Al Ali Abdalla Ahmed Hassan , Yunus Nek kamal bin Yeop
Published: October 2021

Transportation in United Arab Emirates (UAE) have contributed largely to economic output, import, and export in the manufacturing sector, creating employment opportunities in service sectors and expanding the export base. They are playing a role of key service providers and vendors to many big corporations. The significance of the contributions of project management process in Road and Transportation internationally and encourages more development initiative to support road and transportation from Middle Eastern region and United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study investigates the project management process, technological orientation and organizational performance of Infrastructure in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The size of the sample is designed with a view to establish the internal and external validity in order to generalize the findings to the population. As the study used Structural Equation Modelling, a higher sample above 400 was considered. A total of 436 responses were considered for the final analysis of the study.
Motivation and Engagement as a Predictor of Students’ Science Achievement Satisfaction of Malaysian of Secondary School Students
Authors: Mai Mohammed , Yusuf Muhammed , Saleh Maria
Published: October 2021

Psychologists consider student engagement as a primary pathway by which motivational processes contribute to students’ learning and development (Connell - Wellborn, 1991). Academically engaged students self-regulate their learning, make plans for upcoming tasks, and persist when encountering obstacles and challenges. The present study intends to analyses the relationship between students' motivation and engagement and their academic satisfaction and test the effect of some variables (gender, class) on that relation. To accomplish these purposes, this study intends to investigate Malaysian primary school students' motivation, engagement and achievement satisfaction as predictors of achievement satisfaction in science and test the effect of some variables (gender, grade) on that relation. The students - 460 students (43 percent male, 57 percent female) of secondary school- responded to the Self-Developed Academic Satisfaction Questionnaire, Students' Engagement Questionnaire and Science Motivation Questionnaire. All the questionnaires are valid and reliable according to the Cronbach’s Alpha value. A Multiple linear regression analysis has been used to predict the achievement satisfaction of Science based on the level of students’ motivation and level of engagement in Science classroom. The findings showed that students have a good level of motivation, engagement and achievement satisfaction. Even though students’ motivation is significantly predicted students’ achievement, but neither students’ engagement nor achievement satisfaction are a significant predictor of students’ achievement.
The Art of Living is Living with the Art; Is it Essential that Bapedi People Are Able to Live with and embrace the past? Yes, Definitely
Authors: Lebaka Morakeng Edward Kenneth
Published: October 2021

For many centuries, music has been used in different indigenous African religious rituals as part of communal and personal religious rites. In the Bapedi society, songs accompany every phase of the divination process and, also any other task which they perform communally, for example, ancestor veneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Bapedi traditional healers and their trainees create imprecatory songs, as well as their societal value. The main questions the study addressed are: a) how do Bapedi traditional healers create imprecatory songs; and b) what is the societal value of these songs in the Bapedi culture. The study used a naturalistic approach and the methods of data collection were video recordings of cultural and religious rituals, interviews and observations. The study has revealed that in the Bapedi society like in other African societies, narratives in imprecatory songs can be classified broadly into three, namely: segmental narrative; incremental cycle and multiple recycle forms. The results have also shown that Bapedi imprecation songs serve various functions such as education, upholding and promoting morals and customs through advice, insults and mockery. This paper is submitted for consideration for the ICMS XXV, 25th International Conference entitled “Ideas and Research on Recent Issues”; University of Southern California.
Strengthening the Importance of the Citizen in Territorial Government: A Necessity for Development and Modernization of Albania - A Libertarian Approach to Territorial Issues
Authors: Kaprata Gentian
Published: October 2021

Albania is a developing country that has embarked on the path of transition from a society of monist governance and centralized planning economy to a society of liberal democracy with free market economy 30 years ago. It is not moving at the pace it intended in the early 1990s, because of the etatist mentality of the country's political elite, but often also of experts in certain sectors. This has happened in these years also in the sector of territorial planning and development, where etatist understandings have impeded the empowerment of citizens in the processes of drafting territorial planning and development decision-making. This has led to development taking place in two different ways, on one hand governments have attempted to control development by forcing citizens to interact with the territory according to the rigid rules imposed by the government, and on the other hand the citizens have carried out construction developments in a fragmented manner, and without any harmony between each other and the obligations of government. In this paper we aimed to build another approach for future development in an Albania aiming at integration into the European Union. This path should be development based on previously adopted territorial planning instruments, drawn up in democratic and parliamentary processes. Governance must understand and accept the new and different role it played 30 years ago in territorial development issues, and recognize citizens as co-actors in the processes of drafting territorial and urban planning instruments.
Character Skills and Patience to Promote Resilience in Children - Education in Primary Schools After Pandemic
Authors: Guarcello Emanuela
Published: October 2021

The proposal of the education of character skills in childhood has and still represents an authoritative experience within the educational landscape with particular regard to the school environment. If the proposal of character education has been so widely accepted to date, how can it be a valid support for the school even after the pandemic? In order to represent a valid support to all intents and purposes, should it maintain the traits that have distinguished it up to now or should it change in some respects? In particular, what skills should then be promoted by character education in schools after the pandemic? Starting from these problematic spaces and in order to work on a reconstruction of possible answers to the questions raised, the present contribution is articulated around three main reflexive nests: the education of character with particular regard to the proposal of character skills by James Josef Heckman; the relationship between conscientiousness (central to the discourses on character) and patience, an educational proposal centered on patience’s skills that should be promoted through character education in schools, especially at primary level, after the pandemic.
The Practical Teaching Methods of Arabic Language at female’s Mosque in Henan Province - China
Authors: Mei Li Qing , Mei Suo Yan , Atoh Nazri Bin
Published: October 2021

Teaching methods for languages especial for Arabic language for non-native speakers always discussed by researchers, and the teaching methods for Arabic language at the female’s mosque of Henan Province, china still based on the traditional method without any update, but no one of researchers focused on this issue. however, this research aims to investigate the teaching method of Arabic language teaching in the female’s mosque of Henan of china to fill up the gap of research filed of teaching Arabic for non-native speakers. The study used the descriptive method to explore new information on Arabic teaching in China. and it was based on the field curriculum to highlight the teaching methods applied by female teachers when teaching Arabic at female mosques, analytical methods to analysis the Data collection which designed by questionnaires which distributed to 10 female teachers the five mosques for female’s Mosque in Henan Province China. The method of data analysis is percentage and frequency method using SPSS system. The research found that: teachers don’t have any clear ideal about teaching method for teaching Arabic language, and majorly of them only use translation and Grammar Method to teach Arabic. there are many aspects need to be improved. Hence, the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions to improve the curriculum and methods of teaching Arabic language in mosques for female in Henan Province, China.
Freedom of Religion in the Italian Constitution
Authors: Tokrri Renata
Published: October 2021

In Italy, Catholicism was the dominant faith for about two thousand years and until recently almost the only one. This has meant that it has taken root in the country as a primary socio-cultural element also for the laity and non-believers. Every legal system in a democratic state must find the normative mechanisms to guarantee and protect the religious phenomenon. With the advent of the Republican Constitution, the religious phenomenon is foreseen and regulated in four articles: Articles 7, 8, 19, 20 of the Constitution, to which we must add the guarantees deriving from articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution. These Articles sanction the principle of equality of all confessions and non-discrimination on a religious basis, the freedom to profess one's beliefs both individually and collectively, in public or private, ect. The analysis aims to understand the capacity of these provisions to guarantee all dimensions of the religious phenomenon. In this regard, the question arose whether these articles protect freedom of conscience, conscientious objection and atheism. It is also important to analyze those are the limits that this freedom encounters.
The School Library as An Active Support for Educational Achievements: A Survey Led in Secondary Schools
Authors: Bouderbane Azzedine , Zineb Bentayeb
Published: October 2021

Several things have been said in the field of pedagogy. But, this does not prevent the appearance of new educational concepts. The world of pedagogy has practically no limit. In our study, we attempted to identify the impact that school libraries could have on educational achievements. The statement of the problem was strengthened by two main questions: Could school libraries play a fundamental role in improving educational achievements? Could school libraries integrate their resources as pedagogical supports in the educational process? In our visits to thirty school libraries in the city of Constantine, we were able to conduct a descriptive study and collect interesting data that we analyzed through a qualitative approach. Significant results were obtained. The latter globally showed via several indicators that the school library, on the one hand, contributed concretely to educational achievements, and, on the other hand, played an efficient role in the learning process by providing a variety of supports and services to the users.
European Patients' Rights to Be Protected Against Counterfeit Medicines
Authors: Erimia Cristina Luiza , Sîrbu Rodica , Cazacincu Radu George , Cadar Emin , Tomescu Aneta , Paris Stelian
Published: October 2021

Because the falsification of medicines is a global problem, requires increased and effective international coordination and cooperation to ensure the effectiveness of the strategies to combat counterfeiting, especially in relation to the sale of such products on the Internet. In the context of people’s health and life rank foremost among the values and interests protected by the TFEU, this article examines the evolution of the legislative process regulating the internal market for medicinal products in order to ensure a high level of protection of public health against falsified medicines and to present the legislative initiatives that have been taken at EU level taking account of new risk profiles, measures meant to ensure, at the same time, the functioning of the internal market of medicinal products. However, this article aims to address consumers’ right to have access to safe, effective, quality and innovative medicinal products as a right of the European patient. Ensuring the free movement of medicinal products on the EU market must not violate or restrict this fundamental right of thepatient.The threat that falsified medicines pose to public health is also recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), which has established the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce ("IMPACT").IMPACT has developed the Principles and Elements for National Legislation against Counterfeit Medical Products, which were endorsed by the IMPACT General Meeting in Lisbon on 12 December 2007.
The Concept of Narration in the Place Brand Identity
Authors: Ozolina Lolita
Published: October 2021

The place branding as an integral part of competitive place development strategy became a topic for municipalities and cities of Latvia relatively recently, at the beginning of 2000. In particular, the issue of place identity exploration in Latvia has become a key subject, linked to the sustainable demonstration of the attractiveness of the place, narration of unique benefits in order to increase place’s economic value and social welfare in behalf of place residents and other stakeholders. The author seeks answers to a range of interdisciplinary research questions related to the topic of place branding - how to create a place brand identity that is relevant to place residents and express the sense of place (identity); what are the main conditions of place brand development and what intangible and/or tangible attributes of identity provide convincing place brand identity narratives? The empirical part of the article is based on the methodology of qualitative research, in-depth semi-structured interviews with Latvian place branding experts, and analysis of the content of brand identities of Latvian cities and municipalities. The research insight was how place branding as a strategic marketing process is mastered by the local municipality and involved stakeholders, provides a critical view on the local practices, and strengthens the appreciation of the importance of place brand identity narratives.
Preliminary Hearing Judge
Authors: Çukaj (Papa) Lirime , Laçi Denisa
Published: October 2021

A new figure in the judicial system was foreseen in the legal amendments undertaken in the Code of Criminal Procedure, by law no. 35/2017, in the framework of the Justice Reform. The Code of Criminal Procedure has been changed in various aspects, including in here the changes that are related with the subjects of the criminal proceedings. I have previously set out what are the problems that emerged in the criminal process in general, and in the Preliminary phase of Investigation in particular, to understand the effects of this figure and the reason for it to enter into the judicial system. This preliminary investigation control based in ower law now is made by the Preliminary Hearing Judge (PHJ) and the Preliminary Investigation Judge (PIJ). The main task of this article, is to determine the impact that the PHJ has had on the progress of a fair and complete criminal process, since it has been sanctioned by law and has begun its functions. On the other hand what are the issues that this subject presents regarding the functions that the law attributes and their implementation in practice? The main focus of this paper is precisely those legal provisions that have provided for the manner in which this procedural subject operates, to further understand its impact on the criminal process in general and on the preliminary investigation phase in particular. An important aspect is making an overview of the Italian law from where we are based to foresee this judicial figure. After a comparison between these legal provisions we came in conclusion of the problematics that PHJ presents. We outline, at the end of the study, our conclusions arising from the examination of the preliminary session and PHJ, as well as some recommendations that I consider necessary for the process of criminal proceedings, in the light of the changes that have taken place.
Future of Human rights in Europe: Opportunity or Threat
Authors: Sarmadi Mehdi Abbasi , Khomami Reza Asadi
Published: October 2021

One of the fundamental pillars for the idea of unity in the Europe has been Human rights issues.in the introduction of the text of the European Convention of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has been Emphasized that The aim of the Council of Europe is to create more unity between its members and protection and further realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms, are ways to reach its fulfillment. The flood of refugees to European countries has created problems for them; Anti-immigrant movement in Europe is emerging which May be undermined the fundamental freedoms and human rights considered by European countries that compiled the convention. On the other hand; whisper of separation from united Europe In some countries is heard. Activity of anti-immigrant groups can lead to reduction of freedom and can help to those countries which have a tendency to separate. Just as maintain and realization of human rights created united Europe; whether human rights is opportunity or threat for the united Europe? The article opens with a discussion of the role of human rights in Formation of European Union; it then offers a critique of policies that reduced the Fundamental Freedoms. The article closes with a discussion of the future of human rights in Europe.
Marriage Dissolution (Divorce) – A Comparison Overview: Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia
Authors: Ahmedi Sulejman
Published: October 2021

The research includes the marriage dissolution and its consequences, which constitute today one of the most debated topics, considering not only the significant increase of the number of divorces in years, but also the trends in recent years in some European countries. Thus, this paper presents the hypothesis as follows: The Institute of dissolution of marriage in Albanian, Kosovo and Macedonian Law which preserves and must preserve the balance between the contractual freedom of the spouses and the court's intervention to dissolve the marriage in order to avoid abuses that may result from the "privatization" of the marriage dissolution and its consequences. Taking the cause precisely from the latter, the question arises whether the dissolution of marriage, as the institution that lies between private and public law, should be given priority to the solutions offered by the spouses ("the privatization of the institution"), or should public law be governed by the regulation of the institution, in the context of the special protection that the marriage and family enjoy by the State? From what is said above it is necessary to analyze by comparative approach the normative framework, legal doctrine and the case studies of these countries, regarding the dissolution of the marriage and the consequences it brings. The European countries and the tendency to harmonize family law in Europe will serve as orientation point to analyze the solutions currently offered by Albanian, Kosovo and Macedonian law as well as to provide the necessary recommendations. In particular, the subject of analysis is the reasons for the dissolution of marriage, the ways and the procedural aspects of its solution, the consequences on both personally and property terms between the spouses.
Effects of Migration and Human Capital Formation in Albania
Authors: Kaleshi Entela
Published: October 2021

Albania has one of the world’s highest emigration rates, relative to its population, at -3.3 migrants per 1,000 people, and a total migrant population of more than 1.25 million in 2014, according to UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs data. In 2010 Albania was granted with visa-free travel to the Schengen area and this also affected the crossing of the borders and the circular migration across the land border between Greece and Albania was for many years, one of the most significant irregular migratory flows across the EU’s external borders. Although during the last years it is observed an increase number of return migrants, Albanian citizens continued to migrate and it is observed an increase of the number during 2014, and the new trend now is requesting asylum in EU member states increased during 2014. According to EUROSTAT data show that 65,000 Albanians applied for asylum in 2015, 55,000 of them sought asylum in Germany and 99 percent of Albanian asylum requests have been refused from European countries, half of them belong to the age group 18 – 34 years old. Due to the poor economic and living conditions in Albania, the labor market in Albania is still vulnerable and it affects the on-going migrant flows from Albania to the most developed labor markets of other countries. These migrant flows are directly linked with labor market development especially level of unemployment and poverty. Migration in Albania has major development impact and poverty implications in several levels. It has effects for individuals and their families, for origin and destination countries, and the national economy. At the individual level it shows that migrants benefit economically from their movements, their migration leads to better employment opportunities and income; at the household level in the home country migration reduces poverty at the family level and positively contributes to human capital formation, and improving education and healthcare conditions. Migration also has effects at the national level, bringing positive changes to the national economy.