bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Liquid Crystals
Authors: D. Sunanda
Published: June 2019

In general, matter is broadly divided info three groups, %lids, Liquids and Gases. When solid is heated it First melts into liquid and on further heating moves to gaseous state. Some materials exhibit interesting intermediate between solid and fiquid called liquid crystals. Liquid crystals (ICs) ore defined as •condensed fluid phases With spontaneous anisotropy'. The simultaneous possession liquid like flu idity and solid like molecular Order character in c single phase is the unique character Of liquid crystals, it gives rise to so many interesting properties exploited by scientists and engineers in the application field. These interesting liquid crystaline materia Is have been Observed for Over a century but not recognized as such until 880s. In 1888, Friedrich ReiNtzer gave first Systemaic report of the phenomena and reported his observations when he prepared cholesteryl benzo-ate. This seminar paper appeared in Vol.9. (1888) Of furchemåe (Reinitzer 1888) and a translation into English has been published in (Reinitzer 1989) to celebrate the centenary Of the paper.
Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Sridharan R. , Mathiyalagan N.
Published: June 2019

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide[NBS] 80% aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to both[NBS] and [benzoin]. The effect of varying ionic strength and dielectric constant indicate the reaction is dipole-dipole type. Addition of succinimide(>NH), has a retarding effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is benzil. By studying the effect of temparature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate low explaining the experiment results is derived.
A Thermodynamic Analysis of Urbanization
Authors: Srivenkataramana T. , Bhat T. Balakrishna
Published: June 2019

This article deals with application of concepts in thermodynamics to the process of urbanization which is a global phenomenon. The disorder in urban environment due to high density of population is likened to the entropy concept of thermodynamics which is assumed to increase with population size. This introduces a check on urbanization and leads to a dynamic equilibrium between urban and rural population components. A discussion is provided on a few factors which may be monitored to control urbanization particularly in the less developed regions of the world.
Effect of Organic Manures on Soil Properties and Yield of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana) Gaertn
Authors: Kumar C. Vijaya , Gajanana G. N. , Basavaraj B.
Published: June 2019

Pot experiment was conducted during 1993 on ragi grown on a sandy clay loam soil to know the periodic changes in 0-15 cm soil depth on pH, organic carbon(O.C.),available N,P and K due to application of organic manure in conjunction with fertilizer. Application of organic manures alone or in combination with fertilizer increased the soil pH, organic carbon(O.C.),available N,P and K and grain yield when compared to NPK alone. The addition of FYM compared to green leaf manure and vermicompost increased soil pH significantly. The organic carbon(O.C.)content of GLM treated soil significantly superior to VC treatment but was at par with FYM treatment at all stages of plant growth. At all stages organic manures in combination with fertilizer were superior in influencing available N,P and K compared to NPK(fertilizers) alone. There was no significant difference in the grain yield due to application of organic manures individually or in combination with fertilizers compared to NPK but maximum yield was noticed on adding 50% fertilizer N as GLM + 50% N + P + K.
Science Education - A New Vision and Mission
Authors: Mascarenhas Ronald
Published: June 2019

Science education in schools and colleges across the country is facing c crisis. Science is regarded as not only difficult but also alien. irrelevant and boring. This is quite evident the declining enrolment in science at the college level. Added to this with the opening up Of the econorny, there is a greater demand for business administrators and computer-literate individuals. There is also this that career opportunities in engineering and medical field are more lucrative. Consequently, pursuit of science is the last priority Of students. I would like to discuss this problem under two heads.
Estimation under Balanced Systematic Sampling for Parabolic Populations
Authors: Sampath S. , Basker M. A.
Published: June 2019

Construction of estimators of finite population total for populations exhibiting known trend has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this paper, two estimators for total of finite populations exhibiting parabolic trend are proposed under balanced systematic sampling and their performances have ben assessed with the help of appropriate super population models.
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАНИЕ В ВЫСШЕЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЕ РОССИИ
Authors: Bezuglaya T. I.
Published: June 2019

В статье рассматривается вопрос развития психологического знания в высшем педагогическом образовании России на рубеже XIX–XX веков. Дано объяснение изменения психологического знания, в связи с историческим фактом определения психологии как самостоятельной науки и выделения ее из границ философии в этот период времени. Описаны учительские институты России конца XIX века, объяснено содержание образования в них, а также существо высшего педагогического образования того времени.Также в статье дано описание высшего педагогического образования начала XX века, в частности послереволюционного периода. Показаны формы, существо и содержание этого образования, а также уровень противоречий, возникший в образовании того времени.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ «ПЕРЕВЕРНУТЫЙ КЛАСС» КАК СРЕДСТВО ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Scherbinskaya A. A.
Published: June 2019

В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, как необходимо преобразовать урок в целях развития самостоятельности учеников, приводятся теоретические основы методики обучения «Перевернутого класса».
Las representaciones sociales del cáncer y de la quimioterapia en la familia del paciente oncológico
Authors: Palacios Espinosa Ximena , González María Isabel , Zani Bruna
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación cualitativa tuvo como objetivo develar las representaciones sociales (RS) del cáncer y la quimioterapia en 25 familiares de pacientes oncológicos adultos con quienes se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y asociaciones libres. Se utilizó el programa Atlas.ti para el análisis de los datos, con base en la teoría de las RS. Se encontró que el familiar del paciente cumple un papel protagónico; tiene funciones diversas como el acompañamiento y la contención y está tan implicado como el paciente en el proceso de enfermedad. Así, los familiares representan el cáncer y la quimioterapia de manera predominantemente negativa, lo que favorece la presencia de ansiedad y la percepción de sufrimiento.
Elevando la barra en los estándares de ética y transparencia en las publicaciones científicas
Authors: Gutiérrez-Peláez Miguel , Ramírez Luisa
Published: June 2019

Recientemente, la Universidad del Rosario estableció su membresía con el Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [Comité de Ética en las Publicaciones], y sí se ha convertido la primera universidad en Colombia que adopta, para sus distintaspublicaciones y revistas, los exigentes estándares del Código de Conducta y Guía para las Mejores Prácticas Editoriales y, de esta manera, se compromete a trabajar por las buenas prácticas en publicación. COPE brinda asesoría y directrices a editores y editoriales sobre el manejo de aspectos puntuales y cruciales relativos a la ética en las publicaciones científicas (http://publicationethics.org/).
Local administrative capacity based on the presence of expert staff in municipal city halls and inter-municipal cooperation entities
Authors: Hlynsdóttir Eva Marín
Published: June 2019

Local government in Iceland has been through extensive functional reforms in the past three decades. Territorial reforms have been less successful even though the central government has openly aimed to enhance the capacity of the local governments. This study aims to estimate the administrative capacity of Icelandic local governments by estimating the level of expertise in the tasks of planning, education and social service. The findings show that there is a considerable difference with respect to size, as municipalities with more than 3,000 citizens have much higher levels of expertise in comparison to smaller municipalities. The municipalities are only partially able to turn to inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) for compensation because the municipalities in more densely populated areas are more likely to set up IMC entities than those in more sparsely populated areas. The municipalities in less populated areas are also more likely to buy their services from private service providers. Moreover, the smallest municipalities have transferred a large bulk of their functions to other municipalities through contracting. The findings suggest that IMCs may not be the best answer for small municipalities, especially those in rural and remote areas.
Stéttarfélagsaðild á Íslandi
Authors: Aðalsteinsson Gylfi Dalmann , Guðlaugsson Þórhallur Örn
Published: June 2019

Fáar rannsóknir hafa verið gerðar á stéttarfélagsaðild hér á landi en nokkrar um stéttarfélög. Mikil umræða hefur verið í Evrópu síðustu 20 ár um minnkandi stéttarfélagsaðild en þar hefur dregið nokkuð úr aðild. Ýmsar ástæður hafa verið nefndar til sögunnar sem hafa haft áhrif á þessa fækkun, svo sem almenn efnahagsleg velsæld frá lokum seinni heimsstyrjaldarinnar, tilskipanir og reglur frá Evrópusambandinu um aukin réttindi og vernd starfsmanna, áhersla á samþættingu vinnu og einkalífs, aukinn hagvöxtur, hærra atvinnustig, formgerðarbreyting á vinnumarkaði og nýjar stjórnunaraðferðir sem leggja áherslu á að starfsmenn standi utan stéttarfélaga. Enn fremur hefur verið bent á sem mögulega skýringaþætti, alþjóðavæðinguna, harðnandi samkeppni fyrirtækja á alþjóðlegum mörkuðum, meiri áherslu á sveigjanleika í ráðningarformi, útvistun starfa og að erfiðlega hefur gengur að fá vel menntaða sérfræðinga til að vera í stéttarfélögum. Þróun stéttarfélagsaðildar hér á landi hefur verið með öðrum hætti, en síðustu 20 ár hefur stéttarfélagsaðild hér á landi haldist nokkuð stöðug. Í þessari grein er rakin þróun stéttarfélagsaðildar hér á landi frá árunum 1994- 2016. Settar eru fram nokkrar yrðingar (proposition) sem skýrt geta háa stéttarfélagsaðild hér á landi að mati höfunda. Þær eru; (1) forgangsréttarákvæði kjarasamninga, (2) skylda atvinnurekenda til að innheimta félagsgjöld starfsmanna, (3) fjöldi opinberra starfsmanna á íslenskum vinnumarkaði, (4) markviss vinna stéttarfélaga að gera aðild að stéttarfélögum aðlaðandi með fjölbreyttri þjónustu, (5) sérstök áhersla stéttarfélaga til að ná til ungs fólks á vinnumarkaði, (6) tenging félagsaðildar við lífeyrissjóðakerfið á sínum tíma og (7) „Ghent kerfið” sem byggði á því að atvinnuleysisbætur tengdust stéttarfélagsaðild.
Otro juego de herramientas: matriz de dominación y resistencia simbólica
Authors: Ripio Rodríguez M. Vanesa
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de esta indagación es ejemplificar e insistir en la necesidad de arriesgar y (re)elaborar en lo posible, desde un contexto situado, herramientas conceptuales que hagan posible replantear experimentalmente ciertas cuestiones teóricas y prácticas. Estos experimentos buscan desarrollar una resistencia simbólica creativa en todos los ámbitos. Haciendo una breve genealogía de la matriz de dominación de Patricia Hill Collins, el artículo examina someramente la manera en la que autores como la propia Collins, Pierre Bourdieu, Ludwig Wittgenstein y Virginia Woolf elaboran su instrumental teórico. Con este análisis, buscamos hallar elementos comunes que ayuden a crear nuevas herramientas de investigación. Estas herramientas deberían reconocer y desmantelar la visión del mundo dominante para producir profundas transformaciones en la realidad social que vivimos e investigamos.
Las luchas de sin-papeles: entre comunidad prescrita, dispersión real y profundización democrática
Authors: Dunezat Xavier
Published: June 2019

Privilegiando el marco del pensamiento feminista negro de Patricia Hill Collins, el artículo analiza varias dimensiones del estatuto y de la dispersión de los/as sin-papeles en relación con la dinámica interseccional de los ejes de opresión. Los/as sin-papeles constituyen una «comunidad sobre el papel». Por eso la experiencia militante colectiva es muy importante como condición previa de grupo movilizado. Sin embargo, dentro de dos luchas diferentes de sin-papeles en Francia, centenares de observaciones muestran que la matriz militante se vuelve ambivalente. Por un lado, porque al incorporarse a formas disponibles de militancia dirigidas por sus aliados/as (coerción, autonomía, negación), los/as sin-papeles se enfrentan a un proceso de desposesión en cuanto a la dirección de sus luchas. Por otro, los fracasos no deben esconder la emergencia de comunidades reales de militancia dentro de las cuales se cristalizan varias dinámicas de profundización democrática en los ámbitos ideológicos, prácticos y éticos.
Variabilidad climática y patrones termopluviométricos en Murcia (1863-2017). Técnicas de análisis climático en un contexto de cambio global
Authors: Gil-Guirado Salvador , Pérez-Morales Alfredo
Published: June 2019

La caracterización y contextualización climática de alta resolución espacio temporal, es clave para analizar la variabilidad observada, dentro del debate acerca del cambio climático antropogénico. Para esto es necesario disponer series temporales largas y realizar un tratamiento estadístico robusto. La ciudad de Murcia dispone de una las series termopluviométricas más extensas y mejor conservadas de España (1863-2017), lo que supone un valor añadido para conocer la variabilidad climática en una región de especial sensibilidad climática. En este trabajo se aplican técnicas de completado de datos faltantes y detección de datos extremos, para posteriormente proceder a un extenso estudio estadístico de tendencias, puntos de ruptura y análisis de ciclos. Los resultados muestran un significativo proceso de calentamiento en Murcia, iniciado en los años sesenta del pasado siglo. Las precipitaciones presentan un comportamiento más variable y menos definido, aun así, se aprecia una significativa tendencia a la reducción de las lluvias. La caracterización climática por periodos sucesivos de 30 años, confirma estos patrones y muestra como el clima de Murcia ha cambiado taxonómicamente desde el último tercio del siglo XIX hasta el periodo reciente. Si a finales de la centuria decimonónica el clima murciano era típicamente mediterráneo con verano seco y caluroso, en la actualidad, el clima murciano presenta los típicos rasgos de los climas semiáridos mediterráneos. Este cambio en la caracterización climática nos informa de un rápido proceso de alteración climática, y de forma paradójica invita a reconsiderar la cantidad de años necesarios para realizar una correcta caracterización climática.
Apresentação
Authors: Profº. Ms.º Caio Vinicius de Carvalho Ferreira  , Profª. Drª. Regma Maria dos Santos
Published: June 2019

Apresentação da revista CDHIS
Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging (SWI) of basal ganglia iron deposition in the early and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Trufanov A. G. , Yurin A. A. , Buriak A. B. , Sandalov S. A. , Odinak M. M. , Litvinenko I. V.
Published: June 2019

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease and the first one among the nosological entities of parkinsonism. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence, which allows the in vivo estimation of the values of iron deposition in different areas of the brain, is a potential technique for the early diagnosis of PD and for the study of the pathogenesis of its complications.

Objective: to compare the values of iron deposition in the basal ganglia in Stages II and III PD and to determine the relationship of clinical findings to the level of iron deposition according to the SWI findings.

Patients and methods. Twenty-four patients with Hoehn and Yahr Stages II (n=24) and III (n=12) PD were examined. All the patients underwent brain MRI on a Siemens TrioTim (3T) MRI scanner by using pulse sequences T1, T2, SWI and subsequently quantifying the iron deposition (SPIN software). The accumulation of iron is visualized as an area of reduced signal intensity on SWI, and its estimation in accordance with the SPIN program has accordingly a smaller value. The regions of interest on both sides were the dentate nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and head of the caudate nucleus. The examination protocol also included tests using the following scales: the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Batter (FAB), Freezing of Gait (FOG), Gait and Balance Scale (GABS), the Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, the Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Clock-Drawing Test.

Results and discussion. The investigators found significant (p<0.05) correlations between the clinical picture and the level of iron deposition in the regions of interest in patients with Stage II PD: FOG – left caudate nucleus (r=-0.94); GABS – left caudate nucleus (r=-0.94); and in patients with stage III of the disease: UPDRS (full) – left red nucleus (r=-0.82), right globus pallidus (r=-0,80), left putamen (r=-0,96); UPDRS (Section 2) – left red nucleus (r=-0.77), left globus pallidus (r=-0.84); UPDRS (Section 3) – right putamen (r=-0,85), right globus pallidus (r=-0.78), left globus pallidus (r=-0,92); FOG – left globus pallidus (r=-0.81); GABS – left red nucleus (r=-0.96), left putamen (r=0.82), right putamen (r=-0.89), left globus pallidus (r=-0.82), right globus pallidus (r=-0.85), left caudate nucleus (r=-0.82), right caudate nucleus (r=-0.89); Beck Depression Inventory – right substantia nigra (r=-0.82).

Conclusion. SWI measurement of the values of iron deposition in the structures of the extrapyramidal system in PD provides an additional insight into the pathological processes occurring in them.
Ethnic characteristics of location for cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Chugunova S. A.
Published: June 2019

Objective: to establish the characteristics of location for cerebral aneurysms according to ethnicity in the population of Yakutia.

Patients and methods. A total of 433 patients with aneurysmal hemorrhagic stroke (AHS) who had been admitted consecutively to the regional vascular center (Yakutsk) were examined. Group 1 included representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of the Asian race in Yakutia (n=331; 33.8% of men); Group 2 comprised patients of the Caucasian race (n=102; 45.1% of men). The diagnosis was made by digital subtraction cerebral angiography (77.6%) and multislice computed tomography angiography (22.4%).

Results. A total of 433 ruptured saccular aneurysms, including the latter in the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries (ACAAcoA) (33.8%), middle cerebral artery (MCA) (38.7%), internal carotid artery (ICA) (21.6%), and vertebrobasilar arteries (5.8%), were diagnosed. In Group 1, the most common location for aneurysms was MCA (41.1 and 39.7% in men and women, respectively); in Group 2, that was ACA-AcoA (52.2%) in men and ICA (42.8%) in women. The ethnic groups showed significant differences in the incidence of MCA aneurysms (40.2 and 26.4% in Groups 1 and 2; respectively (p=0.014)); (odds ratio (OR = 1.866; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.111–3.146). In Group 1, the incidence of MCA aneurysms was higher in women than in those in Group 2 (p=0.012) (OR=2.417; 95% CI, 1.155–5.141).

Conclusion. The location for cerebral aneurysms differs according to ethnicity. In Yakutia among AHS patients, the most frequent location for aneurysms is MCA among indigenous Asians, while that is ACA-AcoA in Caucasian men and ICA is in Caucasian women. The incidence of MCA aneurysms is significantly higher in indigenous Asian women than in Caucasian ones.
Differentiated approach and indications for optimization of agomelatine therapy for endogenous depression
Authors: Abramova L. I. , Panteleeva G. P. , Nikiforova I. Yu. , Novozhenova T. E.
Published: June 2019

Objective: to develop and justify differentiated indications for the use of agomelatine (valdoxan) to treat the typological variants of endogenous depressions with varying severity on the basis of an analysis of its therapeutic efficacy.

Patients and methods. An open prospective study was conducted using the clinical, psychopathological, and psychometric rating scales: the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21); Udvalg for Kliniske Undersњgelser Scale (UKU); the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) for assessing anhedonic disorders, and statistical methods. Examinations were made in 56 patients (mean age, 34.9 years) with moderate and severe endogenous depression within affective psychosis (n=42) and shift-like schizophrenia (n=14) (ICD-10 items F31.3–4; F32.1–2, and F33.1–2). The patients received a cycle treatment with agomelatine (valdoxan) 25–50 mg once a day in the evening for 4–8 weeks. The patients' status was evaluated over time on fixed days from a reduction in the mean total score (MTS) of the respective scales as insignificant (less than 19% reduction in disorders), moderate (20–49%), good (50–69%), and excellent (70% or more) effects. The effect of agomelatine was analyzed in two patient groups. The specific features of the antidepressive effect and its dynamics in the presence of endogenous depressions of different typologies (melancholic, anxious, and adynamic depressions) were studied in Group 1 (n=26); the effect of agomelatine on anhedonic endogenous depressions and manifestations of anhedonia in different mental activity areas (interests, social activity, emotional engagement and eating/drinking) was investigated in Group 2 (n=30).

Results and discussion. There was a good tolerance and a high antidepressant activity of agomelatine during its treatment cycle for moderate and severe endogenous depressions. A significant improvement (an 84.4% reduction in HAMD-21 MTS) was noted in patients at 3 and 4 weeks of the treatment cycle and consistently persisted at a subsequent follow-up. Agomelatine showed a good effect (a 50% or more reduction in HAMD-21 MTS) just at 14 days of therapy. The drug was observed to have a balanced antidepressant effect, significant thymoleptic, stimulant, anxiolytic, and antianhedonic activities (reductions in the MTS of depressive disorders by 90.83, 84.9, 82.39, and 78.9%, respectively).

Conclusion. The universal spectrum of the antidepressive effect of agomelatine, its good tolerability, high efficacy, and rapid improvement makes it the drug of choice in treating a wide range of psychopathological endogenous depressions: melancholic, apatho-adynamic, anxious, and anhedonic ones.
PASAR EKOLOGIS SEBAGAI ARAH PENGEMBANGAN TATA KELOLA KELEMBAGAAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUM DESA) MARDI GEMI DI DESA GARI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Octastefani Theresia , Prabaningrum Galih , Mutia Sadasri Lidwina
Published: June 2019

This research focuses on how to developing the institutional governance in Village-Owned Enterprises(known asBUM Desa)Mardi Gemi with one of its business units is Argo Wijil Ecological Market. The establishment of this ecological market is initiated by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) through the Directorate General of Pollution Control and Environmental Degradation (DG PPKL) to restore the location of former illegal limestone mines and minimize the natural disasters risk that may result from environmental damage. In doing this research, we used qualitative research methods and for collecting data, we used in-depth interviews, observations, and literature study. The results of this study showed that in developing of institutional governance, the Government of Gari Village, the Manager of BUM DesaMardi Gemi, and market traders need to synergize further to formulate Market Standard Operational Procedures (SOP)to serve as guidelines for implementation this ecological market. This market also can realize the practice to create an friendly environment market atmosphere, moreover it can be used toempower the community as well as toimprove the community welfare. So, Argo Wijil Ecological Market can have multiplier effect for all Gari Village community.[Riset ini memfokuskan pada pengembangan tata kelola kelembagaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUM Desa)Mardi Gemi dengan salah satu unit usahanya yaituPasar Ekologis Argo Wijil. Pembentukan pasar ekologis ini diinisiasi oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) melalui Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan (Ditjen PPKL) untuk memulihkan lokasi bekas tambang illegal batukapur (gamping)milik rakyat dan meminimalisir risiko bencana alam yang mungkin terjadi akibat kerusakan lingkungan. Untuk itu, dalam kajian ini penulismenggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan penggumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, danstudi literatur.Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengembangan tata kelola kelembagaan, Pemerintah Desa Gari, Pengelola BUM Desa, dan pedagang pasar perlu bersinergi lebih lanjut untuk merumuskan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP)Pasar agar menjadi pedoman pelaksanaan. Selain itu, pasar ini dapat merealisasikan praktik pasar dengan suasana yang ramah lingkungan sekaligus menjadi media pemberdayaan masyarakat guna mendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan warga. Dengan demikian, Pasar Ekologis Argo Wijil dapat memberikan multiplier effectbagi seluruh masyarakat Desa Gari.]
One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Students’ Perceptions of FYE Approaches
Authors: Reynolds Dahliani , Byrne Loren , Campbell Jennifer , Spritz Becky
Published: June 2019

First-Year Experience (FYE) programs have become a focal point for efforts to transition and retain all students, as numerous studies suggest that such initiatives deepen students’ academic preparation for college and support their emotional investments in the campus community. Using quantitative and qualitative data gathered from 842 students in 54 courses during Fall 2013 and 2014, this article considers the comparative merits of Living Learning Communities (LLC), “habits of mind” First-Semester Core (FSC) courses, a hybrid-model (LLC-FSC) initiative, and non-FYE courses by considering students’ perception of their academic gains and social engagement. Survey results indicate that students perceive very different benefits across the various FYE models, especially when the FYE is housed in disciplinary rather than general education courses. The comparisons suggest the need for an intentional, goals-oriented approach to FYE programs, as a “one-size fits all” approach may not result in both academic growth and community engagement for students. For institutions with limited faculty and curricular resources, the choice of which type of FYE model to adopt is particularly important.
Student-Directed Exam Reviews, Real-Time Collaborative Composition, and Assessment of Student Preparation
Authors: Long Ryan
Published: June 2019

This paper outlines a method for student-directed creation of exam review guides. No answers or lists of required information are provided to students. Students must reflect on the purpose of the course and the relationships between the different content units in order to collaboratively compose a study guide. The professor then critiques the guide, providing the students with an assessment of their collective level of preparation for the exam.
OPTIMALISASI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS KREDIT DALAM RANGKA MENGATASI KREDIT BERMASALAH
Authors: Chosyali Achmad , Sartono Tulus
Published: June 2019

Namun kredit juga merupakan kegiatan bisnis yang mempunyai risiko yang dapat berpengaruh pada tingkat kesehatan bank dan kelangsungan usaha bank. Untuk dapat mengoptimalkan kualitas kredit menjadi sebuah pekerjaan penting yang harus dilakukan. Sehingga diperlukan penyaluran kredit yang penuh ketelitian supaya menghasilkan kredit yang maksimal.Kredit yang diberikan PT.Bank Mandiri cabang Semarang mengalami tingkat angka kredit bermasalah atau Non Performing Loan (NPL) yang tergolong kurang sehat. Sehingga perlu upaya dalam mengoptimalkan kualitas kredit yang dilakukan dengan cara pemberian kredit secara procedural, analisis yang teliti, pengambilan keputusan kredit dengan batas kewajaran serta adanya pemantauan jatuh tempo kredit. adapun upaya dalam rangka mengatasi kredit bermasalah yang dilakukan PT.Bank Mandiri cabang Semarang yaitu dengan penagihan intensif, klaim asuransi, rescheduling dan penjualan agunan/jaminan kredit.
DESENTRALISASI FISKAL DAN OTONOMI DAERAH Di INDONESIA
Authors: Christia Adissya Mega , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: June 2019

Desentralisasi fiskal tidak dapat dilepaskan dari pelaksanaan otonomi daerah untuk mengatur keuangan daerah sesuai potensi masing-masing. Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal dalam otonomi daerah dan pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal dalam otonomi daerah di Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian ini yuridis normatif dengan analisis kualitatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai desentralisasi fiskal dan otonomi daerah di Indonesia mengalami perkembangan mulai dari Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1975 tentang Pokok-Pokok Pemerintahan Daerah hingga Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah namun sampai saat ini belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang secara lex specialis mengatur mengenai desentralisasi fiskal. Desentralisasi fiskal berperan penting dalam pelaksanaan otonomi daerah di Indonesia sebagai sarana mempercepat terciptanya kesejahteraan masyarakat secara mandiri sesuai dengan potensi daerah meskipun masih terdapat banyak kendala.
The new "Tehran Back Belt": Design then testing during a simulated sitting task improved biomechanical spine muscle activity
Authors: Mokhtarinia Hamidreza , Ghamary Javad , Maleki-Ghahfarokhi Azam , Asgari Morteza , Gabel Charles Philip , Parnianpour Mohamad
Published: June 2019

Background: Spinal load and muscle activity in occupation settings is an area of increasing concern. Regarding technological advancements, in diverse occupations the spinal loads have increased through constrained seated postures. Back belts are consequently used in prophylactic and conservative management of occupational low back pain (LBP) in two distinct settings, prevention in industry, and treatment in LBP management. Industrial sites utilize belts for LBPprophylaxis on a large scale with their design and user experience (UE) influencing both the effectiveness and the workers’ compliance. This pilot study aims at determining the effectiveness of the new Tehran Back Belt (TBB) and assesses both UE and biomechanical effect (BE) on paraspinal muscle activity in healthy subjects. Methods: A pretest-posttest study. Stage-1, design and fabrication of the TBB. Stage-2, the UE of the designed belt evaluated in healthy volunteers (n=30) via a checklist. The BE was determined from the level of lumbar extensor and trunk flexor muscle activity gauged during two test conditions of sitting posture (with and without belt) over 35-minute periods. Results: Most subjects (>90%) reported high ‘ease of use’ and ‘comfort’ while wearing the TBB.The BE statistical analysis showed significantly reduced EMG activity levels for the longissimus(P = 0.012, η2=0.24), rectus abdominis (P=0.024, η2=0.18) and internal oblique (P=0.001,η2=0.44) muscles in belt-use conditions. Conclusion: Decreased muscle activity while using the TBB is potentially advantageous for workers as spinal muscle activity is significantly reduced. Further investigations for longer duration effects and during real work office-based activities are warranted.
Correlation between Depression with Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Calcium and Magnesium in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Mohaddesi Hamideh , Saei Ghare Naz Marzieh , Najarzadeh Maryam , Yeganehpour Mitra , Khalkhali Hamidreza
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiency is one of the common problems in women of reproductive age. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between the depression with serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and magnesium in women of reproductive age. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study .In this study 100 women 15-44 years old with inclusion criteria of the study were called through an invitation in Urmia Motahari hospital in Iran. Demographic and obstetric information as well as the short form Beck Depression Inventory were completed, and then ten ml of venus blood was obtained from the subjects after about 12 hours of fasting. The data were analyzed, by SPSS software. Results: The mean of the depression score was 5.24, and the mean (SD) of the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were 15.53 (13.41) (ng/ml), 9.14 (0.24) (mg/dL), and 2.07 (0.13) (mg/dl), respectively. Women's depression scores showed a significant inverse correlation with the serum level of vitamin D (r= -0.21, P= 0.03). Conclusion: It is recommended that interventional programs should be carried out for women of reproductive age to improve their vitamin D status.
Clinical spectrum of POEMS-associated multicentric Castleman disease with renal involvement: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Ribeiro Caroline Kullmann , Bresciani Fernanda , Silveira Samile Echeverria , Schaefer Pedro Guilherme , Barros Elvino Guardão , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo
Published: June 2019

Background: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare and heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder with a wide variety of clinical presentations and outcomes. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) related CD corresponds to the most common subtype of the multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). However, if HHV-8 is negative, POEMS (peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) associated with MCD or idiopathic MCD are the cause in a subgroup of patients. Considering the rarity of POEMS and MCD association, we herein describe a patient with a typical presentation based on clinical, laboratory and tissue biopsy data. Case Presentation: We report a diabetic patient who presented with asthenia, edema, skin lesions manifested by scarring in chiropodactyls, multiple lymph node enlargement in the neck, armpits and inguinal areas, splenomegaly, severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, and mixed polyneuropathy. Hematuria and proteinuria were detected. The patient developed progressive renal failure requiring dialysis. Renal biopsy showed mesangial expansion with mesangial hypercellularity, and lymphoplasmacytoid cells focally distributed in tubules and interstitium, which were compatible with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. In immunofluorescence, no deposits of IgG, IgA, IgM, C1q, C3 or fibrinogen were found, and kappa and lambda were also negative. Lymph node biopsy revealed lymphoid tissue with follicular hyperplasia, sinusoidal and medullary infiltration of plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed positivity for B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and plasma cells in sub-capsular and para-follicular areas. The patient was diagnosed as POEMS-associated MCD variant, and chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone was started. The patient did not recover renal function and remained dialysis-dependent. Conclusions: To date, the renal involvement in MCD and POEMS syndrome seems to be uncommon as reported in few case series. Its pathophysiology is not well understood. In the spectrum of MCD, decreased renal function may have impact in patient survival. Early diagnosis and treatment are needed to control the systemic manifestations, and most importantly to avoid chronic organ damage.
Glutathione ameliorates liver markers, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Ahmadvand Hassan , Babaeenezhad Esmaeel , Nasri Maryam , Jafaripour Leila , Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi Reza
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Glutathione (GSH) protects the tissue and cell from oxidative injury. Objectives: In the current study, we investigated the possible effects of GSH on liver markers, oxidative stress and inflammatory indices in rat with renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=8). Group I (the control group), group II (the RIR group) received saline (0.25 mL/d, intraperitoneally; i.p.), group III as the RIR group that received GSH (100 mg/kg/d, i.p.). The treatment with saline or GSH began daily 14 days before RIR induction. RIR was induced by clamping renal pedicles for 45 minutes and 24 hours of reperfusion. Results: RIR significantly increased the serum level of nitric oxide (NO), the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the serum and renal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the serum activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, RIR significantly decreased the serum and renal levels of GSH, serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and the serum and renal activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). GSH administration could significantly improve the serum activities of AST, GGT, MPO, GPX and PON1 and serum levels of NO, renal MDA, GSH levels, and serum and also renal CAT activities. Conclusion: Our study indicated that GSH administration ameliorated RIR injury in rats by improving the activities of liver markers and antioxidant enzymes, the levels of MDA, NO, GSH and MPO activity.
Comparison the effect of high flux and low flux dialyzer on quality of life in hemodialysis patients; a clinical trial
Authors: Oshvandi Khodayar , Safari Mehri , Gholyaf Mahmood , Moghim-Beygi Abbas , Shamsaei Farshid , Tamadon Mohammadreza , Alimohammadi Neda
Published: June 2019

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a worldwide public health problem. ESRD reduces health-related quality of life. Quality of life is an important determinant in the mortality and morbidity of hemodialysis patients. However, several studies have suggested that high flux dialyzers increase dialysis adequacy and reduce mortality and morbidity in these patients. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of high flux and low flux dialyzers on the quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial, 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups of high flux and low flux dialyzers. Before intervention, both groups filled demographic and quality of life questionnaires. They were undergone dialysis with two dialyzers (one group by high flux and another by low flux) three times a week for 6 weeks. Then quality of life questionnaire was filled by both groups once again. Results: The overall quality of life score was not significantly different in both groups before intervention (P=0.121). After intervention, however, high flux group attained a significantly higher mean score (54 ± 10.4) than low flux group (43.89 ± 11.64) (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of high flux dialyzers can be a useful method to increase the quality of life in hemodialysis patients.
Vancomycin dosing in low-flux hemodialysis; is adjustment of drug dosage necessary?
Authors: Khodabandehloo Niloofar , Fourodi Arash , Jenabi Aria
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Vancomycin is a wide useable antibiotic against gram-positive bacteria species in different clinical setting particularly in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the serum level of vancomycin before and after hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who were hospitalized and medicated by vancomycin with the loading dose of 1000 mg followed by the maintenance dose of 500 mg after each dialysis session every other day. All patients were dialyzed with a low-flux dialyzer membrane. Half an hour before and immediately after dialysis, 2 mL blood sample was taken and stored at -20°C until assaying the level of vancomycin. Results: The average reduction in the serum level of vancomycin was totally 17.65 ± 1.69%. The mean reduction in the serum level of vancomycin was significantly higher in the patients aged higher than 60 years, as compared to other ones. But the level of drug was independent to gender or body mass index. Conclusion: Using low-flux dialyzer membranes, the average reduction in the serum level of vancomycin is expected to be in the range of 12.43% to 21.56% that age was directly associated with the average reduction of the level of vancomycin. Therefore, adjusting and monitoring the serum level of drug in old ages even in the cases of using low-flux dialyzer membranes is recommended.
Die demokratische Gleichheit des Loses: Aus der Nische des Rechtswesens zurück in die Polis“
Authors: Ehs Tamara
Published: June 2019

Das Losverfahren, ein Klassiker der politischen Ideengeschichte, kommt seit einiger Zeit wieder zum Einsatz. Überall dort, wo die repräsentative Demokratie eine Vertrauenskrise erlebt, treten vermehrt geloste Bürgerräte auf den Plan. Sie sollen Menschen in den politischen Prozess bringen, die nicht schon von selbst AktivbürgerInnen sind, und eine nicht-populistische Maßnahme zur Partizipation bieten. Ausgehend von einem ideengeschichtlichen und historischen Überblick erläutert der Beitrag, wie das Losverfahren während der Entwicklung moderner Staaten allein im Rechtswesen überdauerte, nun aber angesichts der Demokratiekrise wiederentdeckt und befördert wird, um mehr demokratische Gleichheit und höhere Legitimation politischer Entscheidungen zu erlangen.
Mapping the Austrian political spectrum with the help of VAAs
Authors: Jäckle Sebastian , König Pascal D.
Published: June 2019

This paper uses data from the Austrian Voting Advice Application (VAA) wahlkabine.at to locate parties in policy spaces for the 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2017 national elections. It formulates an approach that combines positional information from the VAA data with information about issue saliences that stems from the VAA itself as well as from manifestos coded by the regularly conducted Austrian National Election Study. The VAA-inherent and the external weights serve to calibrate party policy spaces that underlie the VAA data. The paper depicts the Austrian political party space by means of a two-dimensional multidimensional scaling (MDS) map, and furthermore assesses the usefulness of the two weighting procedures. The findings suggest that the use of the internal weights cannot make much of a difference in the present form. In contrast, the external weights not only alter the structure of the party space but also enhance the confidence in the results for substantial reasons.
An Etymological Dog Kennel, or Dog Eat Dog: Icelandic setja upp við dogg, Engl. to lie doggo, Engl. dog, and Engl. it’s raining cats and dogs
Authors: Liberman Anatoly
Published: June 2019

There is a rare slangy British English phrase to lie doggo “to lie hid”. The earliest known example is dated in the OED to 1882. Doggo looks like dog + o (with -o, as in weirdo, typo, and so forth), but a formation consisting of an animal name followed by the suffix -o would have no analogs. Some light on the origin of lie doggo may fall from the Modern Icelandic idiom sitja upp við dogg ‘to sit or half-lie, supporting oneself with elbows’. Doggur, known from texts since the eighteenth century, occurs with several other verbs. Also, sitja eins og doggur ‘sit motionless, look distraught’ and vera eins og doggur ‘to be motionless’ exist. Doggur has nothing to do with dogs, because the Scandinavian word for “dog” is hund-. The origin of the English noun dog is obscure, but, contrary to the almost universal opinion, the word is not totally isolated. In some German dialects, the diminutive forms dodel, döggel, and the similar-sounding tiggel ~ teckel occur. Perhaps dog and its continental look-alikes were originally baby words. The same sound complexes as above sometimes mean ‘a cylindrical object’ (such are Icelandic doggur and Middle High German tocke). Two of the basic meanings of those words were probably ‘round stick; doll’. Although the evidence is late, we can risk suggesting that lie doggo also contains the name of some device that was current not too long ago in the European itinerant handymen’s lingua franca. The overall image looks nearly the same as in the phrase dead as a doornail. In English, folk etymology connected doggo with the animal name and misled even professional lexicographers and etymologists. Finally, of some relevance is the English idiom it rains cats and dogs, whose forgotten earliest form was it rains cats and dogs and pitchforks with their points downwards. Apparently, the original idea was that a downpour of sharp objects fell to the ground.
Herdís & Ólína: The Poetry of Everyday Life
Authors: Driscoll M. J.
Published: June 2019

The twin sisters Herdís Andrésdóttir and Ólína Andrésdóttir were born on the island Flatey in Breiðafjörður, western Iceland, in 1858. Following the death of their father at sea three years later, the family was dispersed and the sisters did not see each other until half a century later, when they were reunited in Reykjavík. In the intervening years both sisters had become well known as capable verse-makers in the traditional style, but it had never, it seems, occurred to them to write any of their poems down, let alone publish them. They were encouraged by friends to do so, and in 1924 they brought out a collection of their verse, entitled simply Ljóðmæli (Poems). Their poetry was highly traditional both in its form, which principally made use of rímur and ballad metres, and in terms of its subject matter, dealing with nature, reflections on life’s joys and sorrows and so on. Ólína, like her cousin Theodóra Thoroddsen, also contributed to the revival of the þula, a form of poetry traditionally associated with children. The book sold well, and a second edition, with some additional poems, came out in 1930. A third edition was brought out in 1976, long after their deaths, containing much new material; this edition has since been reprinted twice. Critical reception was overwhelmingly favourable, both in the learned and more popular press. Though somewhat at odds with the literary establishment of the day, they nevertheless had several powerful supporters among the literary and intellectual élite, foremost among them professor Sigurður Nordal. Despite having been “world-famous in Iceland” in their old age, Herdís and Ólína are little known today, and their work – much of it very fine indeed – has yet to receive the scholarly attention it deserves.
Problems in Mythological Reconstruction: Thor, Thrym, and the Story of the Hammer over the Course of Time
Authors: Vijūnas Aurelijus
Published: June 2019

In this article, the Old Icelandic poem Þrymskviða, which depicts an ancient myth about the theft and retrieval of Thor’s hammer, is compared with a number of later texts describing the same story – a late medieval Icelandic rhyme Þrymlur and a number of ballads from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, – in order to find out if it is possible to reconstruct an earlier, common Scandinavian version of this myth. While such a reconstruction appears to be plausible, none of the extant sources reflects the proto-myth in its complete form: although the oldest source Þrymskviða generally appears to be the most conservative among the different versions of this story, some of the scenes from the proto-myth have been preserved better in the later sources.