bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Brush Plating Technology of 2A11 Duralumin Alloy Joining
Authors: Li Jian Xia , Guo Bi Xin , Hu Jin , Ding Li Li
Published: November 2010

Brush plating has been an important technology for mending the scratched surface of the engineering parts in recent years. The duralumin alloy is common used structural material. The process for brush plating mending of deeply scratched surface of the parts made by 2A11 duralumin alloy is introduced, the technologic methods of 2A11 duralumin alloy are studied and analysed, the merits of the brush plating mending technology of 2A11 duralumin alloy are discussed in this article.
Mechanics Behavior Analysis on Laser Cladding under Repeated Impacting Load
Authors: Peng Ru Shu , Tang De Wen , Liu Qiong
Published: November 2010

On the property of repeated impact load, the attrition, hardening and plasticity warp of the laser cladding sampling were researched by using stress wave spread theory. Results show that under repeated impact loads, stress wave occurs on the metallurgical joint surface of the coat and the basis, forming stretch wave that causes coat slitting and angle splitting. The micro-pits failure and deep exfoliation occur on the coat surface because of the stress centralization. The accumulation of impact load energy cause hardness change and plasticity warp.
Researches on the Relation Ship between Raman Scattering Enhancement Factors and Concentration of Solution
Authors: Liang Yong Feng , Xue Chen Yang , Mao Hai Yang , Wu Wen Gang
Published: November 2010

The researches of surface enhanced Raman scattering spectrum enhancement factor are based on low concentration of the solution, while the selection of solution concentration on the enhancement factor is ignored. In this paper, the substrate of nano-pillar forest structure whose density is controllable was fabricated. Using the high ability of enhancement, Raman scattering enhancement under different concentration (10g / L ~ 10-5 g / L) was tested and researched .The results indicate that the enhancement factor has close relationship with concentration, that is to say the enhancement factor will arise with the concentration decreasing. The main element, which affects the variation of the enhancement factor, is due to the change of efficiency polarization of CV molecule adsorbed on the Au nano- pillar.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Welding Residual Stress Relief by VSR Method
Authors: Jia Li , Zhao Yong Sheng , Zou Yong , Zou Zeng Da , Wang Xin Hong
Published: November 2010

Based on the mechanism of vibrating stress relief and standard of JB/T5926-2005, vibrating stress relief method is used to eliminate residual stress of crane beam flange with butt weld. The welding residual stress of measured points is obtained by using blind-hole method. Experimental results show that the peak value of residual stress is reduced significantly, and the stress decline rate of residual stress is greater than the minimum requirement value of JB/T5926-2005. The effect of VSR method is remarkable.
Mathematical Model of Bubble Dissolution Process in Polymer Melt
Authors: Chen Zai Liang , Huang Tian Qi
Published: November 2010

In this paper, a mathematical model of the process of bubble dissolution is built .In this model , the DeWitt constitutive equation reflect is used, it can reflect the performance of non-Newtonian fluid and calculation is relatively simple. The model was solved by finite difference method, and the results show that the initial bubble radius and the outside pressure is the main factor affecting the bubble dissolution.
On the Microstructure of XW-42 Steel after Direct Partial Remelting
Authors: Alfan Afzalur , Omar Mohd Zaidi , Syarif Junaidi
Published: November 2010

In order to be considered as a material for semi-solid processing, an alloy has to possess solid spheroids within liquid matrix. Therefore, it is important to investigate the structure of the candidate alloy prior to forming process by conducting partial melting experiment. In this research, the partial melting was conducted for XW-42 steel directly from as annealed condition without any pre-treatment (Direct Partial Remelting). Liquid Fraction Profile obtained from Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) showed that temperature of 1340°C was located in a low temperature sensitivity region, hence making it as a candidate for processing temperature. Direct Partial Remelting at this temperature for 0, 2 and 5 minutes revealed near spheroidal structure with average grain size between between 45-51 µm which can be considered suitable for semi-solid processing.
Characterization of TiO2-Cordierite Carrier Prepared by APCVD and Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Yang Jian , Liu Qing Cai , Yang Mei , Xi Wen Chang , Hu Yan
Published: November 2010

TiO2 has been loaded on cordierite porous ceramic to prepare the SCR catalyst carrier by using both APCVD and sol-gel method. The physical properties, SEM and SEM-EDX of the TiO2-cordierite carrier have been analyzed. The results showed that TiO2 loaded by APCVD method were of graininess shape and accumulated evenly. The loading rate of TiO2 and the specific area of carrier sample were increased 114% and 21% respectively when using APCVD method. In the results of sol-gel method, the maximal difference of Ti content was 66.92%, while the result of APCVD method was 18.89%. It demonstrated that TiO2 was uniformly attached with the cordierite ceramic by using APCVD method. That would ensure the active ingredients well loaded on the TiO2-cordierite carrier in the next process.
A Novel Electroless Ni-P Deposition on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Wu Li Ping , Yang Zhong Dong , Zhao Jing Jing , Xie Yong Ping
Published: November 2010

Currently, most of electroless nickel phosphorus plating on magnesium alloys has following disadvantages. First, it has been suffering from corrosion issues caused by acidic electroless bath. Second, in order to increase the strength of Ni-P coatings to the Mg substrate, the pretreatments for electroless Ni-P employ hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) which can cause pollution and health problems . In this paper, we developed HF-free and alkaline electroless Ni-P deposition process on AZ91D magnesium alloy which avoids the use of SO42- and Cl- ions in the electroless plating bath, thus leading to good adhesion and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P coating on magnesium alloy. XRD, SEM, EDS techniques were used to study the structure, morphology, and chemical compositions of the conversion coating and Ni-P coating, respectively. Polarization measurements indicated that the corrosion rate of Ni-P coated Mg was six times lower than that of bare Mg. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) also showed that the Ni-P coating could effectively protect Mg alloy from corrosion.
Plastic Deformation of Nanometric Grinding Process for FCC Metal
Authors: Zhang Wei Wen , Guo Gang , Huang Yun , Huang Zhi
Published: November 2010

This paper focuses on the simulations of nanometric grinding process on face centered cubic structure (FCC) single metal crystals (Cu, Ni) using Molecular dynamics. In order to analyze the plastic deformation of sample metals in nanometric grinding processes, we propose an approach using techniques of central symmetry parameters and neighbor changing ratios. The simulation results show that besides the normal dislocation defects, weak slipping defects locating on {111} crystal planes are found under the surface layer. In addition, the distribution of the neighbor changing ratio indicates that the nano grinding processes will likely cause the global plastic deformation in the surface layer.
Effect of Reinforcements on the Ultraprecision Performance of SiC Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites
Authors: Wang Da Zhen , Feng Pei Feng , You Ling
Published: November 2010

The experiments on ultraprecision turning of SiC reinforced aluminium composites have been done by using polycrystalloid diamond (PCD) tool with the three-dimensional cutting forces measured with a Kistler dynamometer, the quality of the machined surfaces was examined under Atom Force Microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the roughness of the machined surfaces was measured with roughometer of Talysurf-6. The experimental results show that the quality of the machined surfaces of SiC reinforced aluminium composites is predominantly controlled by the deformation mechanisms of SiC reinforcements, and the quality of the machined surfaces is better when reinforcements deform in the form of direct cutoff than in the form of pullout. The higher the volume fraction of SiC reinforcements, the worse the quality of the machined surfaces and the greater the amplitude of vibration and the average value of the cutting forces. On the same condition of volume fraction and cutting, the quality of the machined surfaces of SiC whiskers reinforced aluminium matrix composites is better than that of SiC particles reinforced aluminium matrix composites.
Error Decoupling and Linkage-Compensation on Five-Axis NC Machine Tools
Authors: Zhang Hong Tao , Yang Jian Guo , Fan Kai Guo , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2010

The mathematical model of five-axis NC machine tools was established based on the transformation matrix. A new decoupling and linkage-compensation method for five-axis NC machine tools is proposed. The error caused by linear axes and rotary axes was compensated by using the linkage-compensation approach. In the real-time error compensation process, the rotary axes error was compensated firstly, and then the linear error caused by linear axes and rotary axes was compensated. The new decoupling method can effectively compensate machining errors for five-axis NC machine tools, which was verified by simulation and actual machining.
Surface Effect Preparatory Research of Vibrational Rotary Forging
Authors: Jiang Zhi Hong , Cai Gai Pin
Published: November 2010

As lack of a efficiency theoretical approximate solution for the surface effect mechanism analyzed during continuing and local vibrational plastic deformation process, according to vibrational rotary forging deforming characters, a three-dimension visco-elasticity plasticity constitutive equation was built by Kelvin model and Liewei-Mises model. After this constitutive equation was to be matrixing and to be introduced to tetrahedral solid elements, a visco-elasticity spatial stiffness matrix and a visco-plasticity spatial stiffness matrix were respectively derived. According to experimental parameters given, some simulation experimental projects were designed, a FEM models were established, and some FEM experiments were done on condition that amplitude and vibrational frequency were respectively changed, then different normal load-time curves were obtained. It is shown from experiment results that surface effect will appear during vibrational rotary forging forming process with little amplitude, the surface effect is related to the amplitude and the frequency, and this effect generation should be in special conditions, then preparatory research of surface effect mechanism of continuing and local vibrational plastic deforming process.
An Optimal Method of Task Balancing for Aircraft Subassembly under Resource Constraints
Authors: Yan Zhen Guo , Li Yuan , Zhang Jie , Zhou Xiao Bo
Published: November 2010

According to the characteristics of aircraft subassembly, an optimal method for task balancing under resource constraints is presented. Firstly, the judgment indexes are abstracted to represent the running state of the assembling task, and mathematic model of assembling task balancing was established by available resources. Considering feature of aircraft subassembly, a fitness function is proposed based on two-stage priority targets, which are specific to task sequence and resource allocation respectively. Afterwards, Genetic-Tabu hybrid operations are executed to get the optimal solution. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by applying to assembly task balancing of an outer flank.
FEM Analysis on the Performances of HSK-E50 Toolholder-Spindle Interface
Authors: Lu Yong , Huang Chong Qiang , Wang Tian Yang
Published: November 2010

In this paper the clamping forces of the HSK-E50 toolholder-spindle interface was first analysed and found the FEM analysis model. Then calculated the stress distribution of toolholder-spindle interface respectively effects by the spindle speed, interference and pull in force and finally find out how this three factors influence the connection characteristics of HSK-E50. The research results provide the designer a theoretical basis for designing and applying HSK tool system of the high speed spindle.
Research on Stereotypes Parameters of Knitting Seamless Underwear Material
Authors: Yan Yu Xiu , Li Xiao Da , Jin Jing , Tao Jian Wei
Published: November 2010

Take knitting seamless underwear material as subject of studying, approach the influence of stereotypes parameters on seamless underwear stereotypes. Orthogonal Analysis is used to analyze the experimental results to achieve the excellent parameters attaining the best appearance effects and hand feel of seamless underwear, that is: stereotypes temperature 150-170 , Time 2s, Pressure 4Kgf/cm2. The conclusion will take a lead for the seamless cloth enterprise to improve product quality.
Influences of Process Conditions on Ni-P Electroless Plating on PVC Plastic
Authors: Wang Xi Ran , Zhang Ying Wei
Published: November 2010

In this work, one step for sensitization and activation in pretreatment process is adopted. The influences of the temperature, pH value on electroless Ni-P plating on PVC plastic were discussed. The components and surface morphology of the coating were studied by using SEM and EDS. The results show that the optimum operating condition is temperature being 50～55 , the optimum pH value being 8.5. Under the optimal technical conditions, the deposits is smooth and uniformity. The adhesion between the deposits and the matrix is better, The deposit contains 97.68% (wt) Ni and 2.32% (wt)P by the analyses of energy disperse X-ray.
Microstructure and Toughness Properties of Subcritically, Intercritically and Supercritically Heat Affected Zones in X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Moeinifar Sadegh
Published: November 2010

The objective of this paper is to study the influence of second peak temperature during simulated welding on properties of the subcritically (S), intercritically (IC) and supercritically (SC) reheated coarse grained heat affected (CGHAZ) zones. This involved heating to a first peak temperature (TP1) of 1400 °C, then reheating to different second peak temperatures (TP2) of 700, 800 and 900 °C with a constant cooling rate of 3.75 °C/s. Toughness of the simulated reheated CGHAZ regions were assessed using Charpy impact testing at 0 and -50 °C. The blocky and connected M/A particles, along prior-austenite grain boundaries, act as a brittle phase for the initiation site of the brittle fracture. Charpy impact results indicated that IC CGHAZ had less absorbed energy with higher transition temperature and hardness.
Study of NC Cold Tube Bending Spring-Back Characteristics
Authors: Lai Yi Nan , Ren Sheng Le , Li Zeng Lou , Gu Jun Tao , Wu Guang Fei
Published: November 2010

The unloading spring-back of tubes during its manufacturing process shows a strong nonlinearity, which greatly influences the precision of parts. In this paper, the strain distribution of bending tubes was analyzed based on the elasto-plasticity theory, and the theoretical equation for spring-back of tubes was derived. The numerical simulation model for cold tube-bending process was developed with prediction error of 9% compared with experimental results, indicating high reliability of the model. The 12Cr1MoV and 20G tubes were used to analyze the effects of bending angle, bending radius and bending speed on the spring-back of tubes. The prediction equation of spring-back was built, which shows that the spring-back tendency was in accordance with theoretical analysis results. The simulated results show that the spring-back angle is linearly proportional to the bending angle within a certain range. In addition, it is proportional to the relative bending radius and the bending speed.
Fundamental Technology and Properties Research of Brazing CBN Grinding Wheels
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: November 2010

In order to produce new generation monolayer brazing CBN(cubic boron nitride) grinding wheels, an active filler alloys(Ag-Cu-Ti) were tested in vacuum furnace. The results show that Ag-Cu-Ti alloy exhibits good wetting and bonding toward as CBN grits. SEMEDS microanalyses have shown that during brazing Ti in Ag-Cu-Ti alloy segregated preferentially to the surface of the CBN to form a Ti-rich reaction produce. X-ray diffraction reveals that the wetting and bonding behaviour on CBN surface by Ag-Cu-Ti alloy melt is realized through TiN and TiB2 which is produced by interaction between Ti atoms of Ag-Cu-Ti alloy and N or B atoms of CBN surface.
Research and Design of Small-Engine LPG Motorcycle Mixer
Authors: Ji Rui Hai , Lin Ke Wei , Li Cun Xia , Liu Xin
Published: November 2010

The vacuum degree characteristics of venturi tube mixer are researched, and the factors affect the mixer vacuum degree and air-fuel ratio are analyzed. A new mixer is developed with the structural characteristics are the double channel and respectively control. The bench test and actual road test of the matching performance between the new designed mixer and LPG engine are conducted, and the test results show that the integrated matching performance is good, and possess the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, reliable control. The mixer can control the air-fuel ratio simple and reasonable, so as to achieve good economy and emission performance under the premise of the LPG engine has adequate dynamic property, which according with the state development strategy of promoting low carbon economy.
Simulation of the Dendritic Growth of Aluminum Casting during Solidification Based on CA Method
Authors: Liu Xiao Bo , Li Kai Qin
Published: November 2010

The dynamic evolution of grain growth in the process of aluminum casting and the impact of different casting conditions on the grain growth were simulated by using the Cellular Automation(CA) method in this paper. The simplified binary alloy was used to simulate the growth of the grain in the undercooled melt, Finite Difference Method (FDM) combined with relative motion was used, and dynamic evolution of microstructures in the process of aluminum twin-roll casting was achieved. Visual Fortran programming language was adopted to calculate and realize the image post-processing. based on the growth of the grain in the undercooled melt, the impact of the undercooling triggered by cooling and the casting speed on aluminum strip in the casting process was simulated. The results indicate that, in the condition of a certain nucleation rate, as the cooling intensity increases, bigger the grain is, which provides a basis for optimizing the twin-roll casting process parameters.
Influence of Weld Heat Input on Weld Joint between B610CF and 16MnR Steel
Authors: Zhang Tian Hui , Fu Hong Cai , Liu Wen Min , Cheng Yun Chun , Xu Ren Ping
Published: November 2010

The influence of weld heat input on weld joint between B610CF and 16MnR steel using shielded metal arc welding method was investigated by metallographic experiment and mechanical properties experiment. Metallographic experimental results show that in welded metal with the increasing of weld heat input the quantity of bainite is decreased and crystalline grain is larger; but in both B610CF and 16MnR steel heat affected zone, with the increasing of weld heat input there is no distinct difference in microstructure. Mechanical property experimental results show that in weld metal with the increasing of weld heat input the impact toughness decreases, but in both B610CF and 16MnR heat affected zone, there is less difference in impact toughness; and there is no distinct difference in tensile strength and plasticity of weld joint, which is consistent with the metallographic experiment results.
A Simplified Transient Thermal Analysis of Resistance Spot Welding Process
Authors: Hou Zhi Gang , Zhao Jun , Xu Li Qiang , Guo Zhong
Published: November 2010

In order to theoretically simulate the welding process of complex structure with large quantities of welding spots, a simplified method for analyzing a single spot welding should be developed firstly. In this paper, a 2D axisymmetric model of thermoelectric Finite Element Method (FEM) is developed to analyze the transient thermal behavior of Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) process using ANSYS. The determination of the contact resistance at the faying surface is moderately simplified to reduce the calculating time, while the temperature dependent material properties, phase change and convectional boundary conditions are taken into account for the improvement of the calculated accuracy. The thermal history of the whole process and temperature distributions for any position in the weldment is obtained through the analysis. The model can also predict the weld nugget size and the width of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ).
Fabrication of Fe-Based Amorphous Composite Coatings by Electrothermal Explosion Spraying on Aluminum Substrate
Authors: Hu Wei Qiang , Liu Zong De , Wang Yong Tian , Zhang Hua Lei , Wang Song
Published: November 2010

In order to improve the surface properties of the aluminum alloy, an amorphous composite coating was prepared on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by electrothermal explosion spraying with fully amorphous Fe-Si-B ribbons. The microstructure, phase structure and micro-hardness of the coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the composite coating is composed of amorphous phase and nanocrystal phase. The coating has dense structure and low porosity. It has not been seen rough laminar microstructure that is frequently obtained by other thermal spray techniques. The amorphous composite coatings with different thickness present higher hardness and show good mechanical properties.
Initial Electrodeposition Behavior of Amorphous Ni-P Alloys
Authors: Yuan Xue Tao , Sun Dong Bai , Hua Zhi Qiang , Wang Lei
Published: November 2010

The growth morphology and structure of deposits during the initial stages of amorphous Ni-P electrodeposition was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Combined electrochemical and surface analytical measurements showed that the electrocrystallization process follows a three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation and growth mechanism. The structure of the Ni-P deposits progressively changed from polycrystalline to amorphous state with increasing electroplating time. Additional electrodeposition was carried out on amorphous carbon film at potential -650mV (SCE) for 5s in the same bath for plating Ni-P alloy. It was confirmed that the formation of crystal Ni at initial stage of electroplating Ni-P amorphous alloy was not caused by the epitaxial relationship between the crystal Ni and the crystal substrate and there was a nucleation process in the electrodeposition of amorphous alloy.
Research on Correlation between Weld Concavity and Weld Process Parameters in Tailored Blank Laser Welding
Authors: Zhao Ming Yang , Zou Yuan Yuan , Chen Dong
Published: November 2010

Weld quality control is of great importance in tailored blank laser welding for the purpose of making products at a high quality and high productivity. In general, the controllable parameters are only indirect data on features of the final weld to be made. In this paper, direct correlation between weld concavity and weld process parameters including weld gap and torch offset are discussed based on theoretical analyses and experiments. A direct control model is established according to the analysis of reasons causing weld concavity. This model will improve the quality of laser welding process by accurately controlling the weld geometry in real time.
The Blocking Mechanisms and Chemical Modification for Alkane Grinding Fluid Applied for Si3N4 Ceramic Grinding
Authors: Wu Zhi Yuan , Wang Shu Hui , Tian Xin Li , Zhang Shu
Published: November 2010

A series of experiment were performed to test the cleaning ability of different alkane emulsion for Si3N4 ceramic grinding. The experiment results showed that the adsorption film surface of nonpolar alkane have strong attraction to Si3N4 abrasive dust, which will make abrasive dust to gather at the grinding area and finally led to jam. To add alkane grinding fluid with polar organic substances is beneficial to decrease jam. The best additive for anti block is which integrate hydrophobic group and hydrophilic group, both are indispensable.
Preparing Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels by the Pack-Rolling-Powder Metallurgy Foaming Technique
Authors: Song Bin Na , Yao Guang Chun , Zu Guo Yin , Wang Lei , Ding Hua
Published: November 2010

Billets of AFS with the thickness of 4.9 millimeters were manufactured by pack rolling process. SEM analysis for interfacial bonding and cell structures of AFS were carried out in detail. The results show that surface quality of the panel after pack rolling is obviously improved as compared to powder composite rolling using Al sheets. Macro-cracks of face sheets also completely disappear. The interfacial bonding in between Al tube and foamable precursor material have no micro-cracks and the existence of gap. Metallurgical bonding between Al face sheets and the core Al foams and uniform cell structures of AFS are achieved as the foaming temperature and foaming time are 700°C and 2 minutes, respectively.
Investigation of Semisolid Welding Characteristics of 2A14 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Zhang Song Yang , Guo Xiao Qin , Ma Gao Shan
Published: November 2010

Semi-solid processing of metals is becoming popular as a new potential manufacturing technology for parts and components in automobile, electronic and machine industries.Up to now semisolid welding technology have not been used in industrial applications. A new process of semisolid metals welding is proposed; the process shows excellent formability and joining ability of semisolid metals, and differs from the process of melt welding or mechanical joining with screws or nails. In the process, semisolid 2A14 aluminum alloy was joint together and was rapidly solidified under pressure. The heat affected zone of the joint was decreased and the grain size of the joint was become small. The application range of the process is wide, i.e., from the electronic industry to arts. The advantages of this new semisolid welding process are (1) ease of joining, (2) good joining microstructure, and (3) ease of carrying out mass production.
The Analysis of Four-Axis Belt Grinding for Marine Propeller Blade
Authors: Wu Jian Qiang , Huang Yun , Huang Zhi
Published: November 2010

Marine propeller blade is composite of the free form surface, its machining method has been a difficult thing. The blade is processed by 4-axis belt grinding machine in this experiment, this paper analyze that the wear of the abrasive belt and the processing precision and the material removal rate of the blade according to the grinding performance of the blade material, the structural features of the vane, and the theory of 4-aixs belt grinding machine. Draw formulas with time for the belt wear height and the actual grinding depth. The life expectancy of the ceramic abrasive belt is the longest, and its the material removal rate is maximum in Three kinds of belt，and when the belt line speed is 30m/s or so, the material removal rate is maximum.
Modeling and Analysis of Cutting Forces in Hard Turning T250 Steel Using CBN Tools
Authors: Ding Yue , Wang Xi Bin , Xie Li Jing , Yang Hao
Published: November 2010

The objective of this paper is to study the cutting forces in hard turning T250 steel with CBN tools. Experiments based on the Box-Behnken design were conducted to develop the cutting forces models by response surface methodology (RSM). Significance tests of the model are performed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is also discussed the effects of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) on the cutting force components. The results show that the models can fit experimental data via analysis of variance. The most important cutting parameter is depth of cut, followed by feed rate, while the effect of cutting speed can be neglected. Compared to cutting force and feed force, thrust force is the largest. In addition, the cutting forces generated by the uncoated tool are smaller than by the coated one due to tool wear.
Preparation and Adhesion Study of Indium Tin Oxide Films on Quartz Optical Fibers
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Bin , Kuang Qi
Published: November 2010

Uniform and transparent ITO films were deposited onto quartz optical fibers through a sol-gel process, and the properties of the ITO films coated quartz optical fibers were investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the performance and phase of ITO films, transmittance and resistivity were measured by ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer and avometer. Results indicated that the films are homogeneous and smooth composed of In2O3 gain with sizes of 16.5 nm, which decides the value of the resistivity. Good adhesion between ITO films and the surface of quartz optical fibers was achieved, and factors affecting the morphology, structure, and properties of the deposited ITO films were also discussed.
Experimental Study of Bipolar Pulse Electroforming on Micro Optical Aspheric Mold Manufacturing
Authors: Li Hong You , Huang Chao , Zeng Hao Ping , Jiang Kai Yong
Published: November 2010

Compared with unipolar and periodic reverse pulse current electroforming, bipolar pulse current in electroforming is known to result in better precision and surface finish. In this paper, bipolar pulse current electroforming is introduced. The influencing parameters, such as electrolyte parameter, additives, current density, PH value, temperature and pulse current parameters have been studied on experiments. Experiments on nickel and nickel alloys electroforming on micro optical aspheric moulds have been done. The results indicated that bipolar pulse current could improve the quality and precision, reduce internal stress in micro electroforming.
The Magnetism and Substrate Effects of Co3 Clusters on Cu(111), Pd(111), Ne(111) and Two Polar ZnO Surfaces
Authors: Zhong Ke Hua , Feng Qian , Huang Xu , Xu Gui Gui , Chen Zhi Gao , Huang Zhi Gao
Published: November 2010

The magnetic moments of Co3 clusters on Cu(111), Pd(111), Ne(111) and two polar ZnO surfaces non-magnetic substrates are investigated using first-principles methods based on density-functional theory. Calculated results reveal that the Co magnetic moments are strongly affected by the geometrical structure of the clusters, the interactions between magnetic adatoms and the substrates. Moreover, it is found that the magnetic moments of Co3 clusters on diverse substrates are quite different. Meanwhile, the orbit annihilating induced from the crystalline field of the substrates and the electron transfer from Co3 adatoms to the substrate atoms are used to explain the different change of the average magnetic moments of Co3 on Cu(111), Pd(111), Ne(111).
Study on Gypsum Molding Material Properties and Alloy Liquidity
Authors: Zhao Zi Yu , Zhou Guang Tao , Zhang Su Zhi , Xia Bi Bo
Published: November 2010

In this paper the influence of gypsum-water ratio, filler types and calcination temperature on gypsum bending strength were analyzed by the means of experiments. Spiral-shaped gypsum mold was made by gypsum molding material and mobility experiment was conducted on Pb-Sn alloys. Compared with pure gypsum, gypsum mixture had better mechanical properties. The fluidity of the alloy in the gypsum mold was prone to casting pressure, pouring temperature and alloy ratio. The research results have benefit to the development of gypsum casting technology.
Experimental Study on the Nickel-Based Metal Parts Manutactured by Laser Cladding
Authors: Xu Zhao Mei , Hong Zong Hai
Published: November 2010

This paper presents an experimental research on the metal parts manufactured by laser cladding. The present studies showed two processes were conducted ,including coaxial powder-feed cladding and pre-placed powder cladding. The effect of processing parameters were studied and optimum set of parameters for the superior surface quality was established by employing the orthog -onal design. The manufactured parts were subjected to metallographic examination and micro -hardness measurement. Results showed that the microstructure of coaxial cladding parts was better than that of pre-placed powder cladding parts. The micro-hardness of the manufactured specimen along and vertical the scanning direction were measured using a HVS-1000 micro-hardness tester with a 200g applied load. Analysis of the physical properties provided further evidence of differences in micro-hardness produced by different process conditions, and the average micro -hardness value of pre-placed power cladding layer was lower than that of the coaxial powder-feed cladding layer.
The Calculation of Deformation Force in Closed Muti-Ram Forging
Authors: Zhu Chun Dong , Zhou Bo , Wang Hui
Published: November 2010

With the example of rod, this paper introduces principal stress method in the analysis and calculation of deformation force in complex parts manufactured by closed multi-ram forging. The relationship between deformation force and stroke is simulated by rigid-plastic finite element software, and then verified by experiment .It has been shown that principal stress method are accurate in calculating the deformation force of multi-ram forging by comparing and analyzing the results of these three ways.
Research on the Optimization Algorithm of NC Tool-Path for Scanning Points
Authors: Sun Dian Zhu , Kang Xin Cai , Liu Jian , Cui Chuan Hui
Published: November 2010

To achieve the accurate duplication of product in reverse engineering, We proposed an algorithm for the optimization of NC tool-path based on scanning points, which can be realized through the following two steps. At first, we approximated NC tool-path by many tool-path segments according to the optimized accuracy. Then we adjusted the nodes of approximation tool-path so that it can match smoothing requirements. It has been proved by examples that the optimization algorithm can realize the optimization of NC tool-path for scanning points effectively and improve the efficiency of product processing significantly.
Use of N-(2-Hydroxyl) Propyl-3-Trimenthyl Ammonium Chitosan Chloride for Antheraea Pernyi Silk Modification
Authors: Lu Yan Hua , Lin Jie , Yu Zhi Cai
Published: November 2010

In order to improve the water-solubility of chitosan, N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (quaternary chitosan) was synthesized by the heterogeneous reaction between glycidyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride and chitosan. The quaternary chitosan was then applied to Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk filaments/fabrics in the presence of 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). The structure and properties of A. pernyi silk before and after treatment were studied. It was found that the quaternary chitosan treatment contributed to enhance the mechanical properties including breaking strength, breaking elongation, initial modulus, rupture work and wrinkle-resistant performance of the A. perny silk filaments. When dyed with acid dyes, the dyeing uptake and shade depth of the quaternary chitosan treated A. perny silk fabrics were greatly improved.
Research on Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Internal Surface Friction Coating Treatment Process
Authors: Dai Xi Liang , Peng Sheng Hui , Chen An Yu , Lu Ke Jiu
Published: November 2010

The performance of Aluminum alloy cylinder at high temperature largely depends on its inner surface hardness and wear resistance. In order to improve its surface hardness and strengthen the wear resistance, the process of coated friction of Aluminum alloy cylinder are studied by using for reference the principle which the surface coating material through friction plasticizing and the plasticized flow of the surface morphology forms a modified layer. The results show that the inner surface of the Aluminum alloy cylinder using Aluminum -Si13% alloy and Aluminum -Cu35% alloy as modified friction coating material can form more a stable horniness membrane with a thinner and more uniform coating layer and a very sleek interface and inner surface of cylinder shape after processing. Thus the wear resistance of the cylinder is improved to make engines more small-sized and light weighted.
Experimental Design Optimization for Two-Pipeline Intake System on a Small Engine
Authors: Shih Chien Jong , Yeh Chi Nan , Chang Ting Hao
Published: November 2010

This paper develops an intake two-pipeline model on a 125 cc single engine including the effects of engine torque (T), fuel consumption (FC) and both CO and HC emission. Those four performances in prescribed speed range were constructed by the response surface method. The formal design of experiment has been utilized to examine the significances and characteristics of interrelated parameters. A proposed engineering design optimization simultaneously treats four performances with weighting strategy so that the optimum two-pipeline diameters, lengths, and the appropriate timing of switching low-speed pipe to high-speed pipe can be obtained. The presented integration process of experimental design optimization offers an applicable process and technique for small engine and can apply to other mechanical product development.
Design and Simulation of 2-Step Braided Composites Based on VRML-Java
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ping , Wang Jun Ze
Published: November 2010

By taking 2-step rectangular braided composites as an example, the algorithm of parametric simulation of braided composites is discussed based on the analysis of yarn-moving regulation. And then, the simulation model of braided composites is created on the platform of VRML–Java, which brings the interactive design and simulation of 2-step rectangular braided composites to pass, makes the users can observe the composites spatial structure and braiding moving process intuitively and modify them dynamically on the Internet. With this method, the design quality and efficiency of products will be raised remarkably.
Development of a New Rotary Solar Photocatalytic Reactor
Authors: Sun Xu Hui , Cheng Jia Qing , Sun Lin
Published: November 2010

In order to make full use of sunlight and improve photocatalytic degradation efficiency, a new rotary solar photocatalytic reactor with focus reflector was designed. The new type of solar photocatalytic reactor we designed solves such problems as shallow optical depth, small surface area, the need for aeration and agitation, insufficient contacting time or sunlight intensity in the photocatalytic reaction. It has the characteristics of cheap price and easy operation. Using focus reflector to increase the light intensity can improve decomposing efficiency. The paper also studied the method for the immobilization of the catalyst.
Development and Experimental Investigation of a High Speed Grinding Spindle Equipped with Fully-Ceramic Bearings and Ceramic Shaft
Authors: Li Song Hua , Wu Yu Hou , Zhang Li Xiu
Published: November 2010

Trend of the high-speed and high efficiency machining has pushed the continuous demand of higher spindle speed and power for the machining center application. However, Conventional steel spindles are not appropriate for high speed operation because of their high rotational inertia and low damping ratio. Moreover, heat generation and dynamic loading caused by high speed rotation have been obstacles for increasing the speed limit in many conventional steel spindles applications. Apart from optimizing lubrication, the application of new materials is an interesting alternative to increase the boundary speed and life-span of roller bearings for machine-tool spindles. In this study, a high speed grinding motorized spindle equipped with hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride (HIPSN) fully-ceramic ball bearings without inner rings and yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic spindle shaft was designed for higher speed, rigidity, precision and longer operating life. Furthermore, the characteristics of ceramic motorized spindle, such as temperature increase, vibration, power, rigidity, noise and so on, were investigated by the experimentation. The results show that the ceramic motorized spindles have good behaviors under low load, high speed grinding conditions.
First-Principles Calculations on Pure and Ga-Doped Anatase TiO2
Authors: Xu Rui Qing , Yao Lan Fang , Li Lin , Wang Shuo , Tian Lin Lin , Fang Xue Ling
Published: November 2010

First-principles calculations using the plane-wave pseudo-potential (PWPP) method based on the density functional theory (DFT) is employed to study the crystal structure, band gap, density of states of anatase TiO2 doped with gadolinium (Gd). The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based on exchange-correlation energy optimization is employed to calculate them. The calculated results demonstrate that the mixing of gadolinium dopants induces states with original titanium 3d and oxygen 2p valence band attributes to the band gap narrowing. This can enhance the photocatalytic activity of anatase TiO2.
Adsorption of Dyes from Wastewater onto Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads
Authors: Guo Xiao Qing , Qu Li Jun , Han Guo Jun , Sun Ya Ning
Published: November 2010

Adsorption of dye from dyeing wastewater had been investigated using cross-linked chitosan beads as an adsorbent. The chitosan adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and porosity [P]. Various parameters such as concentration of adsorbent (0.5 g/200mL to 2.5 g/200mL), pH (3-11), initial concentration of dye (50-250mg/L) and temperature (15-45 ) of adsorbate were studied. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. Freundlich isotherm showed better correlation coefficient than the other models at all temperatures studied. The cross-linked chitosan adsorbent exhibits a high adsorption capacity to remove dye. And the adsorbent still has good adsorption capability after being reclaimed for 6 times. This study indicates that cross-linked chitosan is a promising adsorbent for removing dye from dyeing wastewater.
Development of Efficient Washing System for Reduction of Oil Contamination on Machining Parts
Authors: Rojanarowan Napassavong , Senjuntichai Angsumalin
Published: November 2010

The objective of this study is to develop an efficient washing system to remove cutting oil from machining part surface. The proposed washing system consists of two processes: the dipping process and the modified automatic ultrasonic washing process. The automatic ultrasonic washing process is redesigned and developed to reduce operating cost and increase productivity from the previously developed machine. For this proposed system, experiments have been performed to determine the washing conditions that yield satisfactory proportion of defectives due to oil contamination. Under the suggested operating conditions, the proportion of defectives due to oil contamination is reduced from 12.8% to 1.78%, which leads to $16,800 defective cost reduction. The proposed washing system yields 42.9% increase in washing productivity. Furthermore, it as has more standard procedure than the current washing process.
Synthesis and Properties of a Blue Photochromic Diarylethene Derivative
Authors: Liu Wei Jun , Zhang Cai Mei , Pu Shou Zhi , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: November 2010

A new blue photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-[2-methyl-5-aldehydeyl-3-thienyl]-2- [1,2-dimethyl-5-cyanoyl-3-pyrroleyl]perfluorocyclopentene (1a), was synthesized and its photochemical properties, such as photochromism in solution and in PMMA amorphous film, fluorescence and optical storage properties were investigated in detail. The results showed that it can be useful in fluorescence molecule switch, scale optoelectronics and potential use for data storage.
Green Function of a Point Dislocation in Thin Plate with a Partially Debonded Inclusion
Authors: Wang Xian Feng , Xing Feng , Hasebe Norio
Published: November 2010

The study of debonding is of importance in providing a good understanding of the bonded interfaces of dissimilar materials. The problem of debonding of an arbitrarily shaped rigid inclusion in an infinite plate with a point dislocation of thin plate bending is investigated in this paper. Herein, the point dislocation is defined with respect to the difference of the plate deflection angle. An analytical solution is obtained by using the complex stress function approach and the rational mapping function technique. In the derivation, the fundamental solutions of the stress boundary value problem are taken as the principal parts of the corresponding stress functions, and through analytical continuation, the problem of obtaining the complementary stress function is reduced to a Riemann-Hilbert problem. Without loss of generality, numerical results are calculated for a square rigid inclusion with a debonding. It is noted that the stress components are singular at the dislocation point, and a stress concentration can be found in the vicinity of the inclusion corner.
Carbothermal Reduction of Alumina in a Vacuum
Authors: Feng Yue Bin , Yang Bin , Dai Yong Nian
Published: November 2010

The carbothermal reduction of alumina in a vacuum was investigated by XRD and thermodynamic analysis. Experiments on mixtures of alumina and graphite in a vacuum furnace at 1743-1843K proved that the residues consisted of Al2O3and C, and the deposits formed on the upper wall of the crucible contained Al4O4C, C, Al4C3 and Al2O3. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that alumina should react with carbon to form gaseous Al2O and Al above 1671K and 1713K at 100Pa respectively, Al2O and Al react back with CO to form Al4O4C, C, Al4C3 and Al2O3, which constitute deposits.
Product Development to Improve Environmental Performance in Household Textile Processing
Authors: Poonprasit Mudjalin , Pangkamhang Siriprapa
Published: November 2010

The cleaner technology (CT) concept was applied to the household silk dyeing process, to develop a more environmentally friendly silk product. A selected CT technique, dye reduction, was experimented in an observed household industry’s dyeing process in Chaiyaphum province, based in the Northeast of Thailand. Wastewater characteristics, production expenses, and product quality and elegance were investigated to demonstrate that the introduced CT technique was appropriated for silk producers in the studied area. The studied amounts of dye used to color 1 kg of raw silk were 60 g (generally used in the household dyeing process in Northeastern Thailand), 45 g (25% reduction), and 30 g (50% reduction). Five favorite dye colors in the local/regional silk fabric market, i.e. rose pink, lime green, goldenrod, summer sky and lavender, were selected for the study. All the colors were from a silk dye brand which was broadly used in the studied area. Greater than developing a more environmentally friendly silk fabric, product development by raw material (dye) reduction regarding the CT concept also improved the production efficiency as well as the product quality. The results have shown that reducing the amount of dye used by 25-50% could reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents in wastewater by 20-40%, and also could reduce the production expenses, mainly for dye and water costs, by 15-30%. The fabric quality test has revealed that reducing dye could improve the color fastness of silk fabric. However, it was found that only the 25% reduction seemed to be able to give acceptable differences of all studied dye colors, except the lime green color.