bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Miaoyao Fanggan Sachets regulate humoral immunity and cellular immunity in mice
Authors: Zhang Quan , Wang Hui , Cheng Ming Liang , Jin Mingchang , Meng Qing Zhi , Duan Liang , Chen Yun
Published: November 2014

Background: Although some studies in the southeast part of Guizhou Province have suggested that Miaoyao Fanggan Sachets (MFS) prevent influenza, little is known about its influence on immune systems. Influenza virus mainly infects immune-compromised individuals. The effects of MFS have mainly been recognized in clinical practice. However, there have been relatively few studies on its biological mechanism. Here we investigated whether MFS was able to affect the mucosal immunization and the activation of alveolar macrophages (AM), CD4+and CD8+ T-cells in vivo.

Methods: Eighty Kunming male mice were treated with MFS continuously or intermittently with Yu-Ping-Feng powder (YPF-P) (positive control group) or with normal saline (NS) (control group) for 4 weeks, respectively. Mice treated with MFS were further divided into the continuous inhalation group (12 h daily/4 weeks) and the discontinuous inhalation group (1 h, three times a day for 4 weeks). Mice in both groups were placed under 0.5 m3 masks which had four ventilation holes (10×15 cm) containing 40 g MFS. Positive control mice were orally treated with YPF-P 0.2 mg/10 g/day once a day for 4 weeks. Control mice were orally treated with equal volumes of NS once a day for 4 weeks. MFS was replaced every 6 days. Administration of YPF-P was used as a positive control since it has been used as an established Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment before. After 4 weeks, mice in all experimental groups were sacrificed. IgA and IgG1 in lung and blood serum were detected by Western blot and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of alveolar macrophages (AM) in mice was analyzed by immunochemistry test based on CD68+staining. Blood samples were collected in which CD4+and CD8+T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results: Mice continuously and intermittently inhaling MFS showed a moderate increase in IgA and IgG1 protein levels compared with mice in the control groups. There was also a slightly significant increase in the number of AM in the continuous inhalation group compared with mice in the control groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, compared with controls, there was also a slightly significant increase in the number and percentage of CD4+and CD8+T-cells in both the continuous inhalation group and the discontinuous inhalation group (p<0.05).

Conclusions: MFS was able to up-regulate the protein levels of sIgA and IgG1. Meanwhile, MFS could activate AM, CD4+and CD8+T-cells in mice. Our data have, for the first time, demonstrated that the protection against influenza by MFS is partly through activation of the innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune responses, indicating MFS as a potential new immune-modulatory agent for respiratory tract infectious disease.
‘It’s pretty simple and in Greek …’: Global and local languages in the Greek corporate setting
Authors: Mahili Ifigenia
Published: November 2014

Today’s corporate world is in a state of flux. The globalisation of business activity and the escalating economic crises force even small/medium enterprises to become international. This impacts on the competitiveness, profitability and survival of organisations, and as a result the companies’ recruitment strategies and language policies, including the choice between global and local languages, acquire greater significance. Previous research has shown that official language policies and unofficial individual practices diverge in multifaceted ways that merit investigation. Although companies often adopt a ‘one language’ policy, language choice is negotiated between employees in a range of contexts. Using a mixed method approach this article aims to investigate the interplay between global and local languages in the largely unexplored Greek workplace setting. In the analysis two major factors are identified which influence the choice between Greek as a local first language (L1) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF): the official and unofficial responsibilities of employees’ posts and the enactment of their professional expertise inclusive of their language competence. The analysis aims to unpack the different aspects of these themes and special attention is paid to the relevance of the current economic crisis. The paper suggests that post duties and expertise are negotiated locally and are constructed strategically to adapt to specific organisational contexts and specifically to the fallout from the economic crisis.
Synthesis and characterization of silver cluster particles in hydrogels
Authors: Deo Aman , Ghani Syed Sauban
Published: November 2014

A chitosan-based hydrogel network was crosslinked with genipin; the crosslinked and uncrosslinked hydrogels were prepared and studied. Uniformly distributed silver cluster particles (AgCPs) were prepared using these hydrogel networks as a carrier via in situ reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent; UV irradiation reduction was also done. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies of the hydrogels gave results on the decree of crosslinking and some indication on the presence of the AgCPs. The spectrophotometric analysis indicated the presence of AgCPs, as a peak appeared around 400 nm. The microscopy analysis gave images of the presence of AgCPs and their size; it showed that the crosslinked hydrogels have uniformly distributed AgCPs and as the crosslinking increased, the AgCPs size decreased. The studies on the increasing concentration of AgNO3 solution gave an increase AgCPs size; the maximum size of AgCPs clusters was ∼0.2 micron in uncrosslinked chitosan. It was demonstrated, by using Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterium, that the AgCPs hydrogel can be effectively employed as antibacterial material.
A new hydrogen-containing whitlockite-type phosphate Ca9(Fe0.63Mg0.37)H0.37(PO4)7: hydrothermal synthesis and structure
Authors: Deyneko Dina V. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Morozov Vladimir A. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Dimitrova Olga V. , Barishnikova Oksana V. , Lazoryak Bogdan I.
Published: November 2014

A new hydrogen-containing Ca9(Fe0.63Mg0.37)H0.37(PO4)7 phosphate with the whitlockite-type structure has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and its structure has been studied by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3c (traditional for compounds with the whitlockite-type structure) with unit-cell parameters: a=10.3533(1) Å, c=37.1097(4) Å. The structure has been determined using the “charge flipping” method. Ca9(Fe0.63Mg0.37)H0.37(PO4)7 structure is similar to that of other members of the whitlockite-type family. The presence of hydrogen in the structure leads to the formation of OH-group with one of the oxygen of PO4-tetrahedra. Based on an analysis of the bond valence sums (BVS) a conclusion has been made about localization of H atoms in the structure. Smaller values of BVS for O1 and O10 atoms than ones for other oxygen atoms indicate localization of H atoms between them in a position with site symmetry 18b.
Reversible Behavioral Phenotypes in a Conditional Mouse Model of TDP-43 Proteinopathies
Authors: Alfieri Julio A. , Pino Natalia S. , Igaz Lionel M.
Published: November 2014

Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) mislocalization and aggregation are hallmark features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We have previously shown in mice that inducible overexpression of a cytoplasmically localized form of TDP-43 (TDP-43-ΔNLS) in forebrain neurons evokes neuropathological changes that recapitulate several features of TDP-43 proteinopathies. Detailed behavioral phenotyping could provide further validation for its usage as a model for FTD. In the present study, we performed a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate motor, cognitive, and social phenotypes in this model. We found that transgene (Tg) induction by doxycycline removal at weaning led to motor abnormalities including hyperlocomotion in the open field test, impaired coordination and balance in the rotarod test, and increased spasticity as shown by a clasping phenotype. Cognitive assessment demonstrated impaired recognition and spatial memory, measured by novel object recognition and Y-maze tests. Remarkably, TDP-43-ΔNLS mice displayed deficits in social behavior, mimicking a key aspect of FTD. To determine whether these symptoms were reversible, we suppressed Tg expression for 14 d in 1.5-month-old mice showing an established behavioral phenotype but modest neurodegeneration and found that motor and cognitive deficits were ameliorated; however, social performance remained altered. When Tg expression was suppressed in 6.5-month-old mice showing overt neurodegeneration, motor deficits were irreversible. These results indicate that TDP-43-ΔNLS mice display several core behavioral features of FTD with motor neuron disease, possibly due to functional changes in surviving neurons, and might serve as a valuable tool to unveil the underlying mechanisms of this and other TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin's Distinct Roles and Effectiveness in Promoting Compensatory Axonal Sprouting in the Injured CNS
Authors: Lee Do-Hun , Luo Xueting , Yungher Benjamin J. , Bray Eric , Lee Jae K. , Park Kevin K.
Published: November 2014

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions as a master sensor of nutrients and energy, and controls protein translation and cell growth. Deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in adult CNS neurons promotes regeneration of injured axons in an mTOR-dependent manner. However, others have demonstrated mTOR-independent axon regeneration in different cell types, raising the question of how broadly mTOR regulates axonal regrowth across different systems. Here we define the role of mTOR in promoting collateral sprouting of spared axons, a key axonal remodeling mechanism by which functions are recovered after CNS injury. Using pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that mTOR is dispensable for the robust spontaneous sprouting of corticospinal tract axons seen after pyramidotomy in postnatal mice. In contrast, moderate spontaneous axonal sprouting and induced-sprouting seen under different conditions in young adult mice (i.e., PTEN deletion or degradation of chondroitin proteoglycans; CSPGs) are both reduced upon mTOR inhibition. In addition, to further determine the potency of mTOR in promoting sprouting responses, we coinactivate PTEN and CSPGs, and demonstrate that this combination leads to an additive increase in axonal sprouting compared with single treatments. Our findings reveal a developmental switch in mTOR dependency for inducing axonal sprouting, and indicate that PTEN deletion in adult neurons neither recapitulates the regrowth program of postnatal animals, nor is sufficient to completely overcome an inhibitory environment. Accordingly, exploiting mTOR levels by targeting PTEN combined with CSPG degradation represents a promising strategy to promote extensive axonal plasticity in adult mammals.
Exercise, Energy Intake, Glucose Homeostasis, and the Brain
Authors: van Praag Henriette , Fleshner Monika , Schwartz Michael W. , Mattson Mark P.
Published: November 2014

Here we summarize topics covered in an SFN symposium that considered how and why exercise and energy intake affect neuroplasticity and, conversely, how the brain regulates peripheral energy metabolism. This article is not a comprehensive review of the subject, but rather a view of how the authors' findings fit into a broader context. Emerging findings elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exercise and energy intake modify the plasticity of neural circuits in ways that affect brain health. By enhancing neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neuronal stress robustness, exercise and intermittent energy restriction/fasting may optimize brain function and forestall metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, brain-centered glucoregulatory and immunomodulating systems that mediate peripheral health benefits of intermittent energetic challenges have recently been described. A better understanding of adaptive neural response pathways activated by energetic challenges will enable the development and optimization of interventions to reduce the burden of disease in our communities.
Novel RNA Modifications in the Nervous System: Form and Function
Authors: Satterlee John S. , Basanta-Sanchez Maria , Blanco Sandra , Li Jin Billy , Meyer Kate , Pollock Jonathan , Sadri-Vakili Ghazaleh , Rybak-Wolf Agnieszka
Published: November 2014

Modified RNA molecules have recently been shown to regulate nervous system functions. This mini-review and associated mini-symposium provide an overview of the types and known functions of novel modified RNAs in the nervous system, including covalently modified RNAs, edited RNAs, and circular RNAs. We discuss basic molecular mechanisms involving RNA modifications as well as the impact of modified RNAs and their regulation on neuronal processes and disorders, including neural fate specification, intellectual disability, neurodegeneration, dopamine neuron function, and substance use disorders.
The Extracellular Matrix Protein Laminin α2 Regulates the Maturation and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Menezes Michael J. , McClenahan Freyja K. , Leiton Cindy V. , Aranmolate Azeez , Shan Xiwei , Colognato Holly
Published: November 2014

Laminins are major constituents of the gliovascular basal lamina of the blood–brain barrier (BBB); however, the role of laminins in BBB development remains unclear. Here we report thatLama2−/−mice, lacking expression of the laminin α2 subunit of the laminin-211 heterotrimer expressed by astrocytes and pericytes, have a defective BBB in which systemically circulated tracer leaks into the brain parenchyma. TheLama2−/−vascular endothelium had significant abnormalities, including altered integrity and composition of the endothelial basal lamina, inappropriate expression of embryonic vascular endothelial protein MECA32, substantially reduced pericyte coverage, and tight junction abnormalities. Additionally, astrocytic endfeet were hypertrophic and lacked appropriately polarized aquaporin4 channels. Laminin-211 appears to mediate these effects at least in part by dystroglycan receptor interactions, as preventing dystroglycan expression in neural cells led to a similar set of BBB abnormalities and gliovascular disturbances, which additionally included perturbed vascular endothelial glucose transporter-1 localization. These findings provide insight into the cell and molecular changes that occur in congenital muscular dystrophies caused byLama2mutations or inappropriate dystroglycan post-translational modifications, which have accompanying brain abnormalities, including seizures. Our results indicate a novel role for laminin–dystroglycan interactions in the cooperative integration of astrocytes, endothelial cells, and pericytes in regulating the BBB.
The influence of root-end filling materials on bone healing – an experimental study
Authors: Gulie Kui Andreea , Berar Antonela , Lascu Liana , Bolfa Pompei , Bosca Bianca , Mihu Carmen , Baciut Mihaela , Avram Ramona , Badea Mândra
Published: November 2014

Aims. The aim of this experimental study is to assess the bone healing phenomenon produced in the presence of several dental materials: a polycarboxylate cement, a glass-ionomer cement, a composite resin and MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) based cement. Methods. The biocompatibility of four root-end fillings materials, used in periapical surgery was investigated after intra-osseous implantation of the materials in rats’ calvaria. Tissue reaction was studied at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after implantation. We took into consideration the presence of inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and giant cells) and classified the aspects of the histological samples according to the following scale: 0 - no inflammation, 1 – mild, isolated inflammation, 2 - moderate, localized inflammatory reaction, 3 - severe, diffuse and intense inflammatory reaction.Results. The inflammatory reaction was present at the six intervals for all the tested materials, but at 12 week interval, the reaction was minimal in all cases. Also, a dissolution reaction was observed for all the materials, less intense for glass-ionomer cement and polycarboxilate cement.Conclusions. At the end of the experimental period, glass-ionomer cement and polycarboxilate cement suffered a lesser dissolution reaction as compared to the second group of tested materials.
LEARNING FROM THE PAST IN ORGANISING MUSIC THERAPY ACTIVITIES FOR THE GERIATRIC IN ESAN, EDO STATE OF NIGERIA.
Authors: Omoera Osakue Stevenson , Aluede Charles Onomudo
Published: November 2014

There are so many bugaboos associated with aging all over the world. While in the western world efforts are constantly being made to establish old peoples’ homes and nursing homes for geriatric purposes, the desired attention is yet to be drawn to this concept in Nigeria. Nigerian communities which used to be known for communal lifestyle seem to have jettisoned it as a result of acculturation. Today, the aged live with their kinsmen in the various societies without attention given to them; rather, they are seen as sources of threats and more often threatened to have evil hands in the death younger contemporaries in the society. This paper surveys the use of music for geriatric purposes in the previous epochs in Esan and suggests a continuum of this practice so that fruitful years could be added to the lives of the aged in Esan.
Interview with Christoph Schwabe
Authors: Voigt Melanie
Published: November 2014

I travelled to Gera, where Dr. Christoph Schwabe met me [...] It was a cold, windy day, and we sat in front of the fireplace and talked for over two hours about his way toward music therapy, the development of music therapy in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), different influences and experiences within that field before 1989 and the changes that have taken place since then.
Voices Welcomes Interviews
Authors: Stachyra Krystof
Published: November 2014

We've decided to focus the November 1st issue of Voices on Helen Bonny’s life, work and music therapy method. We look for people who met her, knew her and whose professional life has been influenced by Helen Bonny.
Recollections of the 6th Music Therapy World Congress from the Chair of the Scientific Committee
Authors: Barcellos Lia Rejane Mendes
Published: November 2014

As 1990 began, the new President of Brazil assumed his position confiscating the money of every Brazilian who had saved his/her money. It was in this difficult political, economic and emotional context, without any money, that the VI World Congress held in Rio de Janeiro was organized, under the leadership of Professor Cecilia Conde, the president of the meeting.
Memories from VI World Congress of Music Therapy, Rio de Janeiro, 1990
Authors: Bunt Leslie , Bright Ruth , Frohne-Hagemann Isabelle , Moreno Joseph , Ruud Even , Wagner Gabriela
Published: November 2014

Memories from VI World Congress of Music Therapy, Rio de Janeiro, 1990
Helen Bonny as a Musician
Authors: Vaux Diane Ritchey
Published: November 2014

This article discusses Helen Bonny’s role as a musician, focusing on her early musical history, her choice of the violin, her musical training, her expression as a musician over the years, the quality of her playing, and the way that playing music was foundational to her life and work.   The information in the article is based on written sources that describe her life as a musician, including an autobiographical statement written by Helen herself, as well as interviews and personal communications with musicians who have had the privilege of playing music with her.
Having another look at cerebral palsy: Current definitions and classification systems
Authors: Rainey Perry Mary
Published: November 2014

Although many music therapists work with clients with cerebral palsy, this diagnostic term has a low profile in current music therapy literature.  This is especially the case when the focus of intervention is not in the realm of physical functioning. The frequently co-occurring disorders in sensation, cognition, communication, perception, and behaviour are often the focus of music therapy intervention, particularly with children and adults with severe and multiple disability. Current perspectives on the care and participation of children and adults with cerebral palsy, including motor classification scales, can be useful for research and clinical reporting.  These scales are explained and examined, as is the effect of the motor impairments of cerebral palsy on active music therapy methods.  Clinical vignettes illustrate the effect of different levels of functional fine motor skills as assessed by the Manual Ability Classification System (Eliasson, A.C., et al, 2006) on musical interaction.  Including the term “cerebral palsy” in clinical reports and research also has implications for awareness of music therapy in the wider community.
Pre-congress Seminar: The Musical Construction of Reality in Music-therapy
Authors: Frohne-Hagemann Isabelle
Published: November 2014

Isabelle Frohne-Hagemann presented a pre-congress seminar "The musical construction of reality in music-therapy" - a portion of which is reproduced here.
Using reflexive tools for coping and bringing closure in pediatric palliative care: A music therapist’s story of working with a terminally ill child.
Authors: Rigney Maeve
Published: November 2014

This paper outlines the therapeutic journey of a newly qualified music therapist and a young girl with terminal cancer. As well as describing the clinical sessions with this young girl and her family, it includes personal reflections from the journal of the therapist, used as a method of self-review and clarification of thoughts and feelings following each session. The aim of this paper is to narrate the music therapy journey with Tina * from the music therapist's perspective, and to share my thoughts and feelings on coping while working with terminally ill children. In addition to outlining the significance of using reflexive tools for this type of work as a way to improve coping skills and to work more effectively when the future with your client is uncertain, I hope to encourage further others to share their work in pediatric palliative care.
"An Englisman in Denmark": What I have learned from Dansk musikterapi [Danish music therapy]
Authors: Wigram Tony
Published: November 2014

This is an article originally published in a danish book celebrating the 25th anniversary for the music therapy training course at the Aalborg University: Ridder, H.M. (Ed.) Musikterapiuddannelsen 25 år. Festskrift. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitet, s. 47-50. It is republished here with the kind permission from the publisher.
The Timelessness of Arts-Based Research: Looking Back Upon A Heuristic Self-Study and the Arts-Based Reflexivity Data Analysis Method
Authors: Schenstead Amanda Rose
Published: November 2014

This theoretical article explores the author's experience of a heuristic, arts-based self-study with focus on the data analysis method that was utilized in this project and its continual development.  The author refers to this method as arts-based reflexivity.  A historical review of arts-based and heuristic research will be provided to give context and theoretical background to support the development and use of arts-based reflexivity.  This systematic method of analysing artistic data encourages the researcher to ask various questions to him/herself and interact with the data by creating intuitive art forms as responses to internal dialogue and feelings.  A template will be offered for researchers to explore and utilize for their own projects and processes.  The components of arts-based reflexivity will be explored using examples from the author's graduate research project as well as recent reflections upon the topic: "What is My Artistic Centre?", an adapted short form performance piece which illustrates the steps and potential self-knowledge which can be gain through the arts-based reflexivity method.
What Do Music Therapists Need to Know Before the Disaster Strikes?
Authors: Otera Masako
Published: November 2014

The paper discusses required knowledge in preparation for a disaster relief. The author shares her experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake and reviews how she went through the post-disaster phase as a music therapist. The author has made three suggestions for change in music therapy as a disaster relief. First, specific topics on disaster relief should be included in music therapy educational courses. This should cover general information regarding natural and human-made disasters and disaster relief. Second, making connections with related organizations, both the individual and national level is also suggested. Third, the further accumulation of studies on music therapy as a disaster relief service is needed.
Thanks to Scandinavia - Creating a Symphony of Global Music Therapy
Authors: Frederiksen Britta Vinkler , Kayser Sunniva Ulstein
Published: November 2014

In this essay we will describe our visit at Louis and Lucille Armstrong Centre for music and music therapy at Beth Israel Medical Centre in New York. We were selected as the 2011 Thanks to the Scandinavians scholars. We will describe the music therapy methods in medicine at different units at the medical centre. We will describe our experiences of the music therapist´s work and the special challenges they meet when working in medicine. Further more we will discuss our experiences from a Scandinavian perspective.
Music Therapy Students’ Experiences of Interactions with Young Clients During Fieldwork Placements
Authors: Miller Elvie
Published: November 2014

In this phenomenological research study, I investigated the experiences of music therapy students’ musical interactions with young clients during fieldwork placements.  Six Masters level students provided written narratives describing their interactions and then engaged in semi-structured follow-up interviews.  Four main themes emerged during qualitative data analysis: 1) Breakthrough Interactions, 2) Balancing students’ needs with clients’ needs, 3) Role, identity and reflections of self, and 4) Supervisor issues.  These themes are discussed in detail and include excerpts from the interviews.  Reflections based on my reflexive journal are presented.  Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
A Preliminary Bibliographical Guide to Doctoral Theses on Music in Nigeria (1990 – 2010)
Authors: Aluede Charles Onomudo
Published: November 2014

This study is essentially a referential guide which explores simply, the titles of doctoral degrees in music acquired by Nigerians in the last two decades. It presents a diary of the areas of specialisations of their holders. To this effect, doctorate degree titles in music were collected. The study revealed that there are more ethnomusicologists than music educators, composers, performers, popular music studies, music media and music therapy practitioners presently in Nigeria based on the titles of the theses collected.  In reaction to this, it is suggested, among other things, that stake holders should explore other avenues such as workshops and master classes to serve as an initial proactive forum where these palpable lapses will be redressed.
Professional Competences of Music Therapists Working in Post-stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Forsblom Anita , Ala-Ruona Esa
Published: November 2014

The aim of this qualitative study is to gain more insight into the skills and knowledge that music therapists feel they need in order to work successfully with people who have had an acute stroke. For this purpose, 6 music therapists were interviewed about their own particular specialist education. Another interview topic for them was to recount their subjective experiences of post-stroke rehabilitation work in hospitals and health care units, during the course of two projects: the Music Listening Project (=MUKU), which specifically used music listening during acute stroke rehabilitation; and the Active Music Therapy Project (=MT-STROKE), which used more active music therapy techniques. The interviews pointed to three key categories regarding the factors that are seen to affect clinical thinking: the first hinges on knowledge concerning the neurological basis of strokes; the second on patient interaction itself; and the third on the physiological and emotional aspects of music therapy. The results provide a better understanding of the tacit knowledge possessed by music therapists who work within Stroke Rehabilitation.
Combining Functional and Psychoanalytic Techniques, Using Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) and Songwriting to Treat a Man with a Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Street Alex
Published: November 2014

A common dilemma for music therapists, particularly when treating the symptoms of neurological damage, is deciding whether to employ functional or psychotherapeutic treatment techniques (Jochims 2004). This paper discusses the process and outcomes of combining two different techniques as a short-term treatment with a man with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) who is transitioning from post acute into the community stage of rehabilitation. Beginning with a brief review of examples where other music therapists have used a combination of techniques in the treatment of TBI patients, I will continue with a case study describing the referral, assessment and treatment plan for the client, including the outcomes of the two main techniques and concluding with a discussion of the process, outcomes and some interpretation of the client’s responses within the six week period.   Working with Will, a 35-year-old man with a TBI, sessions began using several techniques in order to assess his condition, establish goals and begin treatment. Following an initial four months of weekly music therapy we planned to employ two different techniques over a six week period with two different aims:  1. RAS to improve gait parameters, 2. song writing to help sustain motivation for RAS and to address adjustment, self-expression, identity and communication difficulties. This resulted in a highly motivating, holistic treatment plan that was structured, with clear goals and timescales. Sessions lasted for 70 minutes, with 50 minutes of RAS and pregait exercises, followed by 20 minutes spent working on a song: ‘Life After a Bike Crash (that I can’t remember having)’. The RAS programme was set up conjointly with a privately employed physiotherapist and also supported with a daily home programme of RAS and pregait exercises.
Music, Meaning, and Music Therapy under the Light of the Molino/Nattiez Tripartite Model
Authors: Barcellos Lia Rejane
Published: November 2014

Abstract*
Say What You Say (Eminem): Managing Verbal Boundaries when using Rap in Music Therapy, a Qualitative Study
Authors: Short Helen
Published: November 2014

This study identifies and describes considerations for managing verbal boundaries and the potential contraindication when using Rap in music therapy.    The literature review covers the small number of case studies documenting the use of Rap in music therapy. The method used was an in-depth qualitative interview of 8 music therapy experts from a range of countries and approaches, experienced in the use of Rap as an intervention. A combination of grounded theory and thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The results are placed in context of the literature review and draw upon a number of psychodynamic concepts in order to determine a set of themes that could further inform those music therapists using Rap as a clinical intervention.  The results display the flexibility with which Rap can be used to meet different levels of client need and how therapists' boundary management allows this. The data contributes towards clarifying what informs music therapists when considering how to manage the potentially offensive material that may be introduced into the therapy space when using Rap and when it may contraindicate. The research could serve as a preparatory tool for those therapists new to the genre and its use within therapy.
Interpretation in Music Therapy: Music and the Movement of Life
Authors: Migner-Laurin Julie
Published: November 2014

This theoretical article explores philosophical roots of the interpretive task in music therapy. Drawing from creativity practices and interpretation traditions such as philosophical hermeneutics, the author focuses on Gadamer’s concept of dialogue in the understanding of art. Distancing itself from the objective-subjective dichotomy of the scientific model, the truth of the artwork is viewed as participative, as it always requires an encounter, a form of presence. As clinicians, it encourages us to recognize and make the most of our own sensible response to music. Art therapist Shaun McNiff advocates for a temporary suspension of clinical meaning in order to expand the interpretive possibilities in creative art therapies. The patient’s creation is viewed as an Other, complex and mysterious, which whom we are invited to relate. Through a clinical example, this paper examines how we understand and respond to our client’s music. The notions of “intuition in the act” (Kimura) and “being played” (Gadamer) show that along with our conscious decisions and interventions, we also follow the movement of music itself. Therefore, its meaning tends to transcend the materiality and the personality and connects us to our human condition. It is an invitation to open our hearts, listen deeply and respond creatively to the music played in therapy.
Sounding Bridges – An Intergenerational Music Therapy Group With Persons With Dementia and Children and Adolescents in Psychiatric Care
Authors: Hessenberg Cornelia , Schmid Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

In this article an intergenerational music therapy group including persons with dementia and children and adolescents in psychiatric care will be introduced. The special feature of this group is that people with dementia and children and adolescents in psychiatric care come together to make music. Young and old participants share important life issues such as the experience of a stigmatizing illness, or not being able to live in their familiar environment any more. The promotion of social skills and resources, as well as the support of emotional expressivity, and reminiscence work are particularly important in the intergenerational group. The article presents the project with its contents and discusses it with respect to theoretical perspectives from music therapy, sociology and gerontology.
Research Overview of German Speaking Countries
Authors: Nöcker-Ribaupierre Monika
Published: November 2014

Abstract: This paper provides a first overview on music therapy research in Austria, Germany and Switzerland as given by the heads of the different universities in December 2012. For material collection three questions were sent to all university training course leaders. They were asked about a list of all research projects in the resp. university including MA and PhD thesis – to summarize past and ongoing research projects – to name ongoing and future research projects in cooperation with other institutions, universities or clinics.
The Competent Client and the Complexity of Dis-ability
Authors: Rolvsjord Randi
Published: November 2014

Clients and therapists in the interdisciplinary discourse of mental health and mental health care are described as dichotomous. In such a binary the client is defined in terms of weakness, pathology and passivity, while the therapist is described in terms of strengths, expertise and activity.  This article aims to contribute to the destabilization of the client-therapist binary by offering a review of literature on competent clients. Perspectives from social models and cultural models in disability studies provide the theoretical frames for the discussion.  Social constraints and oppression with regard to the dis-ability complex and discursive implications are discussed.
Voices: World Forum for Music Therapy - A new avenue for communication among music therapy communities
Authors: Kenny Carolyn , Stige Brynjulf
Published: November 2014

Welcome to the inaugural issue of a new international music therapy journal, electronically published and with free access. We're sure you have noticed the growing interest in the field of music therapy. The number of music therapists around the world is increasing every year. Diverse contexts for music therapy work grow too. Though music has been practiced as a healing art in Indigenous societies for hundreds of years, contemporary professional music therapy has grown from a Western enterprise to one with a very broad foundation of approaches internationally.
Music Therapy in South Africa: Compromise or Synthesis?
Authors: Pavlicevic Mercédès
Published: November 2014

My neighbour at Pretoria University Music Department is Meki Nzwei. Master drummer and music ethnologist, he speaks with passion and authority as befits an elder in Africa. We disagree on many things. And the more I listen to what it is that I disagree with, the more I think he has a point or two. Meki, who hails from Nigeria, maintains that music in Africa is healing, and what is music therapy other than some colonial import? Why is music therapy separate from music-making? Why is it calling itself thus in South Africa, instead of imbibing African music-healing traditions? My blood pressure rises instantly, and I suggest to him that perhaps African music-healing, too, might absorb something from music therapy. This is where Meki and I are at the moment. I think that this is where music therapy in South Africa - and much of Africa - is at the moment.
Empowering and Enabling
Authors: Procter Simon
Published: November 2014

Between sessions, I look around at my environment. I work in a pleasant room, with plenty of light (although sometimes too much heat). I have a good array of instruments with which people can make all manner of music together. I think of the music-making I have been a part of here so far today: a listening and supportive group who have been together for over a year now and whose music is really developing; a startlingly beautiful Bangladeshi song sung by a woman with whom I have barely a word of language in common; and a rousing rendition of Frankie Vaughan's greatest hits from a would-be cabaret artist with me as his piano-playing sidekick.
Safety Notes
Authors: Falcão de Oliveira Cruz Nelson
Published: November 2014

I intend to briefly present the concept that I proposed in the II Latin American Music Therapy Meeting (this initial proposal is published on the Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia. See references on CRUZ, 2000.) in 1998 and later developed in my finishing course paper
The Ontology of Music in Music Therapy
Authors: Garred Rudy
Published: November 2014

The focus will be on the concept of dialogue. My choice of this concept is grounded on the assumption that it is indeed central and appropriate to apply to the field of music therapy, because it may be considered to be in close accordance with inherent values in music therapy as a practice. The term dialogue has had a broad application within several fields, from theology, to sociology, psychology, and education, to arts and the humanities (Friedman, 1996). Used as a foundational concept the term may serve to illuminate dynamics of relation. This I believe may be very relevant with regards to the many sided and complex question of the role and status of music in music therapy.
Working as a Music Therapist in Mexico
Authors: Murow Esther
Published: November 2014

Music therapy in Mexico is only beginning. Though there is a lot of interest in what it is and on its effect on health and personal growth, there are also a lot of misconceptions about what it really is. I have encountered that one of the obstacles for the growth of music therapy in Mexico is what I call the myths about what it is. I am sure some of them are well known to my colleagues around the world: if you play a music tape the client gets well, or just get some percussion instruments and have the children play and you are doing music therapy. I think one of the worst misconceptions here is that some people believe there is no need for professional training and education to practice music therapy. Being a music therapist has been a real struggle not to mention trying to educate health and education professionals about music therapy, and that it is a real profession in other Countries! On the other hand, there are many musicians and health professionals who are very interested in music therapy and its use.
Dynamic Interplay in Clinical Improvisation
Authors: Pavlicevic Mercédès
Published: November 2014

I would like to begin by examining the title, since this will clarify the theoretical framework within which this paper will develop. Chambers Dictionary (1988) defines dynamic as relating to force; activity or things in motion; forms or patterns of growth or change; any driving force instrumental in growth or change. The word interplay refers to the reciprocal, mutual musical interaction between therapist and patient. Both players' contributions help to clarify the quality of the emotional interaction in the musical relationship. The concept of clinical improvisation in music therapy is best illustrated by a detour via the literature of mother-infant interaction.
Perspectives on Meaning in Music Therapy
Authors: Stige Brynjulf
Published: November 2014

In this article I discuss some questions on meaning in music therapy by taking as my point of departure the different perspectives of two British music therapists, Mary Priestley and Gary Ansdell. Since all discussions of meaning - even when considering "non-verbal phenomena" - are based on an understanding of language, I have found the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein an interesting port of entry to this topic. Following an introduction to Wittgenstein's concepts of "language game" and "family resemblances", I give a brief discussion of Wittgenstein's relevance for aesthetic understanding, highlighting the concept of "intransitive understanding". These three concepts will then be used as a basis for examining the differences between Priestley's and Ansdell's perspectives, which may serve to expand our thinking about meaning in music therapy.
My Vision in Teaching at Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kondo Satomi
Published: November 2014

This spring, I returned to my home country after eleven years of living in Vancouver, Canada. I worked as a music therapist at an acute care hospital and experienced music therapy to be a very important means to integrate cure and care in a medical setting. With my ever growing passion and wonder over the power of music, I now work at Health Sciences University of Hokkaido teaching the potency of music to a variety of health care students. I would like to share my experiences and in part some of the characteristics of this particular university that strive for new ideas of health sciences on the basis of integration of cure and care.
Sorry for the Silence: A Contribution From Feminist Theory to the Discourse(s) Within Music Therapy
Authors: Hadley Susan , Edwards Jane
Published: November 2014

Feminism and music therapy have been little considered in the development of a theoretical framework or approach to our professional practice. This is curious given the impact of feminist approaches on a wide variety of disciplines. This paper presents some of the issues that arise when considering feminist theory/feminist approaches to music therapy and outlines some of the considerations that will appear in a forthcoming book edited by Dr. Susan Hadley and published by Barcelona Publishers. The authors take a broad approach to this topic recognising that feminism, as indeed music therapy, is not a monolithic enterprise with one key idea stamping out its territory. Rather, consideration of feminism(s) requires critical and reflective capacities in theorists and practitioners in making helpful aspects of this approach 'real' and 'meaningful' for students, practitioners and ultimately clients and patients.
Report of the 5th International Symposium for Qualitative Music Therapy Research International Music Therapy Institute Universität der Künste, Berlin
Authors: Edwards Jane
Published: November 2014

The 5th International Symposium for Qualitative Music Therapy Research of the International Music Therapy Institute of the UdK was held from April 21-26, this year. A group of 23 music therapists from ten different countries met at Gutshof Sauen, in the Brandenberg region. Gutshof Sauen is owned by the UdK and other Berlin colleges of the arts and has been specifically established for use by such meetings.
日本における音楽療法の現状と展望
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

そもそも音楽療法というのは、西洋であろうがアジアであろうが、既存の社会からどこかはみだすような性質を持っており、受け入れられることだけをめざすと、袋小路にあたるように思う。むしろ音楽療法は、既存の社会を揺り動かしていくもの、人間と関わる音楽という、既存の文化にとって新しい価値観、（あるいは深い価値観）の提示をしていくという可能性をはらんでいるのではないか。
そのために、私たち音楽療法士は何が文化特定的な要素で、何が普遍的な要素であるのかを、臨床、学問、専門性のあらゆる分野で時間をかけて洞察していく必要がある。そうすることでこそ、いつの日か、「経済的自立」にとどまらない本当の意味での「自立」が得られるであろう。
Fact Sheet of Music Therapy in Japan
Authors: Ikuno Rika
Published: November 2014

Brief History of Japanese Music Therapy Development after World War II
Music Therapy in Mexico: Another Approach
Authors: Hernandez-Ruiz Eugenia
Published: November 2014

Music therapy has grown exponentially in the last few years in Mexico. Several approaches, from the humanistic to the behavioral, are present; and new programs are constantly being created. We still have a lot to do to take music therapy to the professional level of other countries. This article shares some recent advances in the hope that a professional exchange will support music therapy's further development in Mexico.
Musicoterapia en Mexico: Otro Estilo
Authors: Hernandez-Ruiz Eugenia
Published: November 2014

La musicoterapia ha crecido exponencialmente en los últimos años en México. Existen varias corrientes, desde la humanista a la conductista, y nuevos programas se crean constantemente. Todavía hay mucho que hacer para llevar a la musicoterapia al nivel profesional de otros países. Este artículo comparte algunos avances recientes con la esperanza de que el intercambio profesional apoye el desarrollo futuro de la musicoterapia en México.
Can Music Therapists Synergise With Medical Practitioners to Make Music Therapy Evidence-based?
Authors: Sundar Sumathy
Published: November 2014

There is an increasing global need for music therapy practice to be evidence-based with more experimental research findings. This is particularly the case as music therapy is introduced as a complementary therapy in many medical settings, with special reference to integrated care. Can music therapy be really evidence-based as is the case in medicine? How practical is it? Can the multidimensional role that a music therapist plays in a therapeutic setting, her skills, the time she spends with the clients and the effects of music, all be compared to a medical approach? Should music therapists collaborate more with health professionals not only in practice, but also in research to make it evidence based? What are the strengths of music therapy in the medical profession?
Oncology is a very challenging area in the medical field and likewise music therapy is challenging in an oncology setting. Many music therapists are interested in working in this challenging speciality in research. Here is an interview with a renowned Indian surgical oncologist, Dr. Ravi Kannan. He is keen on music therapy being a part of the integrated team in cancer care in India and emphasises the need for more research to be carried out that is evidence-based.