Профессорско-преподавательский состав высших учебных заведений России и его структура
Authors: А.М. Нанавян 
Published: November 2024

В статье представлен анализ динамики численности обучающихся и профессорско-преподавательского состава высших учебных заведений России, а также структуры преподавательского состава и исследователей по наличию ученой степени. В начале нового тысячелетия и до 2010 г. наблюдалось увеличение доли обучающихся как в общей численности населения России, так и в возрастной когорте 17–25 лет. Следующий период характеризуется сокращением численности и обучающихся, и преподавателей, сохраняется неукомплектованность штатов преподавателей высшей школы и наличие значительного количества вакансий по категории преподавателей без ученой степени, численность которых сократилась в наибольшей степени. Рассчитана предполагаемая численность студентов высших учебных заведений до 2025 г., обоснована необходимость увеличения численности преподавателей вузов не только в связи со старением кадров, но и с учетом увеличения рождаемости в 2003-2015 годах, необходимостью подготовки квалифицированных кадров для развития инновационной экономики, снижением доли занятых с высшим образованием в некоторых сферах деятельности (в обрабатывающей промышленности, в финансах) или незначительным его приростом (например, в здравоохранении).

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the number of students and the teaching staff of higher educational institutions in Russia, as well as the structure of the teaching staff and researchers by the availability of an academic degree. At the beginning of the new millennium and until 2010, there was an increase in the share of students in the total population of our country, as well as in the age cohort of 17-25 years. The next period is characterized by a reduction in the number of both students and teachers, but there is some stabilization of the situation, although the staffing shortage of teachers in higher education will remain and there will be a significant number of vacancies in the category of teachers without a degree. The analysis also revealed a less significant reduction in the number of teachers than in the number of students, with the exception of the Ural and Volga Federal Districts, in which, over the period under review, the rates of decline in the number of teaching staff and students were approximately the same. The largest decrease in the number of teachers was observed in the category of teachers without a degree. The estimated number of students until 2025 was calculated and the need to increase the number of university teachers was substantiated not only due to the aging of personnel and the availability of vacancies, but also taking into account the changing demographic situation - an increase in the birth rate of the population in 2003-2015, the need to train qualified personnel for the development of innovative component of the Russian economy, as well as a decrease in the share of those employed with a higher education in some spheres of activity (in the manufacturing industry, in finance) or a slight increase in it, for example, in healthcare. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of the number of researchers by sector of science showed that in the higher education sector there has been a significant increase in the share of researchers with a scientific degree, but there are more candidates of sciences per doctoral category per doctor.