bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social marketing on AIDS: using Transtheoretical model to understand current condom usage among commercial drivers in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Tweneboah‐Koduah Ernest Yaw , Owusu‐Frimpong Nana
Published: July 2013

This is an exploratory research to utilise the Transtheoretical model to assess condom usage intentions among commercial drivers in Ghana. A convenience‐based non‐probability sampling method was employed, and a face‐to‐face questionnaire was administered on 132 commercial drivers in Accra. The analysis of variance and one sample t‐test statistical method was employed to establish relationship between variables based on the Transtheoretical model. The result reveals that over 71.9% of commercial drivers are at precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages. This means that most commercial drivers interviewed have not yet taken action to use condoms to protect themselves against HIV/AIDS. The findings of the study constitute a series of marketing ideas, useful in decision making with social marketing organisations.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Death in Flames: Human Remains from a Domestic House Fire from Early Iron Age, Denmark
Authors: Harvig L. , Kveiborg J. , Lynnerup N.
Published: July 2013

This paper presents osteoarchaeological analyses of the human skeletal material from a burnt down house in Jutland, Denmark, dated to the first century bc. We describe how the osteological analyses of this complex site were approached and illustrate how we reconstructed the death of the human victims. Besides basic osteological analyses, we also tried to reconstruct the posture of the deceased humans using 12‐in. posable wooden mannequins. Along with bones from several domestic animals, skeletal elements from six human individuals were recovered. All individuals were located in the eastern end of the house—the byre end. The demographic structure indicates a small family household. Our posture reconstruction further proposes that they did not die of asphyxiation while sleeping: At least two of the individuals were lying face down, trying to protect themselves. Two other individuals were lying on their side in crouching positions, which cannot be ruled out as examples of pugilistic attitude. However, we suggest this is rather unlikely. The humans could have died as they failed to rescue their invaluable animals from the fire. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and methods of a postmarketing pharmacoepidemiology study assessing long‐term safety of Prolia® (denosumab) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Xue Fei , Ma Haijun , Stehman‐Breen Catherine , Haller Christine , Katz Leonid , Wagman Rachel B. , Critchlow Cathy W. ,   for the Denosumab Global Safety Assessment Team
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To describe the rationale and methods for a prospective, open‐cohort study assessing the long‐term safety of Prolia® for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in postmarketing settings.

Methods

Data will be derived from United States Medicare, United Healthcare, and Nordic (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) national registries. Observation will begin on the date of first Prolia® regulatory approval (May 26, 2010) and continue for 10 years. Women with PMO will be identified by postmenopausal age, osteoporosis diagnosis, osteoporotic fracture, or osteoporosis treatment. Exposure to Prolia® and bisphosphonates will be updated during follow‐up; exposure cohorts will be defined based on patient‐years during which patients are on‐ or post‐treatment. Nine adverse events (AEs) will be assessed based on diagnosis codes: osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), atypical femoral fracture (AFF), fracture healing complications, hypocalcemia, infection, dermatologic AEs, acute pancreatitis, hypersensitivity, and new primary malignancy. Medical review will confirm selected potential cases of ONJ and AFF. Incidence rates (IRs) of AEs will be described overall and for exposure cohorts; multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models will compare IRs of AEs across exposure cohorts. Utilization patterns of Prolia® for approved, and unapproved indications will be described.

Conclusion

This study is based on comprehensive preliminary research and considers methodological challenges specific to the study population. The integrated data systems used in this regulatory committed program can serve as a powerful data resource to assess diverse and rare AEs over time. © 2013 Amgen Inc. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tn and sialyl‐Tn antigens, aberrant O‐glycomics as human disease markers
Authors: Ju Tongzhong , Wang Yingchun , Aryal Rajindra P. , Lehoux Sylvain D. , Ding Xiaokun , Kudelka Matthew R. , Cutler Christopher , Zeng Junwei , Wang Jianmei , Sun Xiaodong , Heimburg‐Molinaro Jamie , Smith David F. , Cummings Richard D.
Published: July 2013

In many different human disorders, the cellular glycome is altered. An interesting but poorly understood alteration occurs in the mucin‐type O‐glycome, in which there is aberrant expression of the truncated O‐glycans Tn (GalNAcα1‐Ser/Thr) and its sialylated version sialyl‐Tn (STn) (Neu5Acα2,6GalNAcα1‐Ser/Thr). Both Tn and STn are tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens and tumor biomarkers, since they are not expressed normally and appear early in tumorigenesis. Moreover, their expression is strongly associated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. The Tn and STn antigens are also expressed in other human diseases and disorders, such as Tn syndrome and IgA nephropathy. The major pathological mechanism for expression of the Tn and STn antigens is compromised T‐synthase activity, resulting from alteration of the X‐linked gene that encodes for Cosmc, a molecular chaperone specifically required for the correct folding of T‐synthase to form active enzyme. This review will summarize our current understanding of the Tn and STn antigens in terms of their biochemistry and role in pathology.
Chemical analysis and chemical imaging of fragrances and volatile compounds by low‐temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Campbell Dahlia I. , Dalgleish Jon K. , Cotte‐Rodriguez Ismael , Maeno Shuji , Graham Cooks R.
Published: July 2013

RATIONALE

The rapid analysis of volatile compounds, such as fragrances, is important in many commercial industries. The various ambient ionization methods have until now been largely applied to non‐volatile or low‐volatile compounds with success, and this study develops a semi‐quantitative method for volatile compounds in commercial cleaning products.

METHODS

Low‐temperature plasma (LTP) ionization was used to perform rapid analysis, determine limits of detection (LODs) and perform chemical imaging on eight fragrances. Several mass analyzers including an ion trap, a quadrupole and an orbitrap were used to rapidly screen volatile compounds from cloth, paper, and glass and determine compositions present in a commercial cleaning product. Peltier cooling was used in some cases to enhance the retention time of compounds on a surface.

RESULTS

This LTP method allowed the detection of fragrances in low picogram absolute amounts from glass, paper and cloth. Quantitation was demonstrated for compounds in a commercial cleaning product 1 min after the product was applied to a vinyl tile surface. High‐throughput analysis and simultaneous detection of multiple compounds in a mixture were demonstrated with analysis times of less than 1 min. Modest spatial resolution (better than 1 cm) was achieved with LTP ionization.

CONCLUSIONS

A semi‐quantitative method has been demonstrated for the routine analysis of volatile and semi‐volatile compounds. This method would be useful in quality control and production environments to determine product persistence, location of analytes and to complement olfactory studies for determining concentrations in the ambient environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen isotope analyses of biogenic opal and quartz using a novel microfluorination technique
Authors: Menicucci Anthony J. , Matthews Joy A. , Spero Howard J.
Published: July 2013

RATIONALE

Measuring δ18O values in silicates is difficult and hazardous in comparison with measurements of carbonate minerals due to the difficulty in breaking Si–O–Si bonds. A novel method for measurement of δ18O values from quartz and biogenic silica utilizing high‐temperature pyrolysis with continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF‐IRMS) is presented.

METHODS

Samples were prepared by offline dehydroxylation/dehydration under vacuum at 1060°C. The dehydroxylated samples are mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder (2.3:1 PTFE/Si) and graphite in silver foil capsules and reacted in a vario PYRO cube TC/EA system in a glassy carbon reaction tube. Quartz and biogenic opal samples react with available carbon in a microfluorination environment upon decomposition of the PTFE, producing CO for analysis via CF‐IRMS.

RESULTS

Silicate samples reacted quantitatively, producing data with yields ≥88% from ~400 µg samples. Multiple analyses with international standards demonstrated accuracy for replicate measurements (1σ range ±0.3–0.6‰), comparing favorably with previously published techniques.

CONCLUSIONS

New data produced with the microfluorination technique are comparable with data from studies using existing methodologies. The microfluorination technique has the potential to greatly increase the number of laboratories producing silicate oxygen isotope data for mineralogic, paleoclimatic and biogeochemical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion approximation for the components in critical inhomogeneous random graphs of rank 1.
Authors: Turova Tatyana S.
Published: July 2013

Consider the random graph on n vertices 1,…,n. Each vertex i is assigned a type xi with x1,…,xn being independent identically distributed as a nonnegative random variable X. We assume that EX3< ∞. Given types of all vertices, an edge exists between vertices i and j independent of anything else and with probability
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\min \{1, \frac{x_ix_j}{n}\left(1+\frac{a}{n^{1/3}} \right) \}\end{align*} \end{document}. We study the critical phase, which is known to take place when EX2 = 1. We prove that normalized by n‐2/3the asymptotic joint distributions of component sizes of the graph equals the joint distribution of the excursions of a reflecting Brownian motion with diffusion coefficient
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\sqrt{{\textbf{ E}}X{\textbf{ E}}X^3}\end{align*} \end{document}and drift
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}a-\frac{{\textbf{ E}}X^3}{{\textbf{ E}}X}s\end{align*} \end{document}. In particular, we conclude that the size of the largest connected component is of order n2/3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 43, 486–539, 2013
Health monitoring of an instrumented SRMF building using earthquake data
Authors: D'Amore Enzo , Amaddeo Carmen , Astaneh‐Asl Abolhassan
Published: July 2013

This paper is a study of a six‐story welded steel moment‐resisting frame instrumented by California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. Several earthquakes had shaken the building, and its response of strong motion data recorded during the earthquakes were made available. In particular, the Whittier Narrows (October 1987), Sierra Madre (June 1991), Northridge (January 1994) and Chino Hills (July 2008) earthquakes were considered in the studies reported here.

The paper investigates the capability of input–output system identification methods, namely eigensystem realization algorithm with data correlation, and observer Kalman filter identification, in identifying dynamic characteristics of typical office building structures subjected to strong ground motion. It explores the possibility to extend the above system identification procedures to near‐real‐time estimation of the building response under future earthquakes in order to estimate the likelihood of brittle damage in welded beam to column connections. The modal identification results are compared with those obtained using the spectral analysis and the deterministic‐stochastic subspace identification method to verify the accuracy of the identified modal parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental experiments on an air‐cushion‐based force‐sensing device for soft physical human–robot interaction
Authors: Lee Suwoong , Nozawa Hidetaka , Kim Jae‐Il , Inoue Kenji
Published: July 2013

Physical human–robot interaction (PHRI) is an essential concept for human‐cooperative robots (HCRs). Because the force control for PHRI is based on the contact force between a human and an HCR, it is very important to collect the force data accurately. Furthermore, soft contact during force sensing is also necessary for PHRI for safety and security. As a challenge in force sensing for PHRI using a soft material, we aim to develop in this study a novel force‐sensing device based on an air cushion. First, the physical model of the air cushion is represented by an air cylinder with a piston, which is subject to constraint by nonlinear elasticity. Second, the elastic properties of the air cushion are examined under the assumption that it can be formulated as a function of pneumatic pressure and the contact area with a human. The force applied to the air cushion is estimated on the basis of the physical model and compared to the actual force data in the fundamental experiments. Force is successfully estimated using the proposed physical model, and the advantages of the air‐cushion‐based force‐sensing device (ACFSD) are verified through these fundamental experiments. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Challenges of tourism in a low‐carbon economy
Authors: Gössling Stefan , Scott Daniel , Hall C. Michael
Published: July 2013

This article reviews the interrelationships of tourism and climate change from a mitigation perspective. Tourism is an increasingly important part of the global economy that is dependent on the annual movement of billions of travelers, often over large distances. The current contribution of the tourism sector to global climate change is reliably established at approximately 5% of CO2 emissions, though national tourism economies can be considerably more carbon‐intense. Great uncertainty remains regarding tourism's future emission trajectories. However, in all scenarios, tourism is anticipated to grow substantially and to account for an increasingly large share of global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly if other sectors manage to achieve absolute emission reductions. The emission reduction challenges facing tourism in a low‐carbon economy are analyzed and current industry, government, and consumer responses critically examined. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of business‐as‐usual emissions trajectories versus the +2°C climate policy target for future tourism development. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:525–538. doi: 10.1002/wcc.243

This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand

Climate and Development > Decoupling Emissions from Development
Erratum: A wavelet‐based approach for large wind power ramp characterization
Authors: Gallego Cristóbal , Costa Alexandre , Cuerva Álvaro , Landberg Lars , Greaves Beatrice , Collins Jonathan
Published: July 2013

The large and rapid variations (ramp events) of wind power output experienced in wind farms and portfolios represent one of the main challenges facing short‐term wind power forecasting. In countries with high wind power penetration, a ramp event forecasting tool is required by transmission system operators and energy traders to schedule ancillary services properly and minimize economic penalties in liberalized electricity markets, respectively. From the forecaster/modeller's point of view, locating ramp events within a wind power time series is important, because it allows them to regard meteorological processes and operational states of the wind farm in the proper time periods to analyse the ramp causes. This work introduces the ramp function as a means of characterizing the ramp performance of a wind power time series. The underlying idea is that a ramp event is characterized by high‐power output gradients evaluated under different time scales. The ramp function is based on the wavelet transform and provides a continuous index related to the ramp intensity at each time step, which permits to take into account the fuzzy limits of the ramp notion, as well as the development of new approaches to wind power ramp analysis that are not feasible from a binary classification standpoint. Several advantages of the ramp function for end‐users are outlined, and applications concerning different aspects of ramp forecasting are described for several wind farms located in Spain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the integration of lightning protection with stealth coated wind turbine blades
Authors: Danoon Laith , El‐Makadema Ahmad , Brown Anthony
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we consider the problem of reducing the radar cross section of a wind turbine blade through the application of radar absorbing material (RAM). One problem encountered by these techniques is the integration of the RAM solution with the existing lightning protection system, which is mandatory requirement to protect the blade when in operation. A common form of lightning protection is the use of conducting lightning receptors on the surface of the blade. To ensure the protection system is effective, a clearance area around the receptor may be required before any RAM treatment is applied. The size of the clearance area and the number of lightning receptors therefore potentially reduce the effectiveness of the RAM treatment. Design guidelines are given in this paper for a generic 40 m blade geometry. Some modelling results of the radar cross section and Doppler signature from a RAM treated blade are presented, and a comment is also made on the importance the blade edges have in reducing radar effects. ©2013 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Structures of Na2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·4H2O and K2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·2H2O
Authors: Kubel Frank , Cabaret‐Lampin Marie
Published: July 2013

The crystal structures of Na2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·4H2O and K2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·2H2O, were determined from conventional laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data. Synthesis and crystal growth were made by mixing alkali metal sulfate, magnesium sulfate hydrate, and magnesium oxide with small amounts of water followed by heating at 150 °C. The compounds crystallize in space group Cmc21 (No. 36) with lattice parameters of a = 19.7351(3), b = 7.2228(2), c = 10.0285(2) Å for the sodium and a = 17.9427(2), b = 7.5184(1), c = 9.7945(1) Å for the potassium sample. The crystal structure consists of a linked MgO6–SO4 layered network, where the space between the layers is filled with either potassium (K+) or Na+‐2H2O units. The potassium‐bearing structure is isostructural to K2Co3(OH)2(SO4)3·2(H2O). The sodium compound has a similar crystal structure, where the bigger potassium ion is replaced by sodium ions and twice as many water molecules. Geometry optimization of the hydrogen positions were made with an empirical energy code.
A Distorted pcu Topological Heterometallic Metal‐Organic Framework with Right‐ and Left Chiral Covalent Layers
Authors: Wen Gui‐Lin , Han Min‐Le , Wang Feng‐Wu , Zhao Xing , Yin Cheng‐Yang
Published: July 2013

An unusual heterometallic 3D framework, [Zn2Ca(mip)2(Hmip)2(bpe)]n (1), was synthesized by using an alkali‐earth metal (calcium) and a d10 metal (zinc) under hydrothermal conditions [H2mip = 5‐methylisophthalic acid, bpe = 1,2‐bi(4‐pyridyl)ethene]. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis shows that complex 1 is a pillared‐grid metal‐organic framework (MOF) with nanosized parallelogram channels fully occupied by dangling Hmip– pendants. The most fascinating structural feature of the complex is that the achiral framework pillared by rod‐like bpe is assembled by opposite chiral covalent sheets arranged alternatingly with single left‐ or right‐handed helical chains. Topologically, the framework can be simplified as a distorted uninodal pcu net with the Schläfli symbol of {412·63}, which is rare representative of an achiral pillared‐layer MOF with chiral sheets comprising only one type of helical chains.
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties of Two Entangled Complexes with Rigid Bis(imidazolyl) Ligands
Authors: Qi Yan , Li Yanhui , Wang Yue
Published: July 2013

Two new entangled complexes, namely, [Zn(bibp)(L1)] (1) and [Co(bib)(L2)]·H2O (2) [bibp = 4,4′‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)biphenyl, bib = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)‐benzene, H2L1 = 4,4′‐oxydibenzoic acid and H2L2 = 4,4′‐(2,2′‐oxybis(ethane‐2,1‐diyl)bis(oxy))dibenzoic acid] were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Complex 1 presents a uninodal 4‐connected dmp net with fivefold interpenetration containing left‐ and right‐handed single‐helical (ZnL1)n chains. Complex 2 displays both polyrotaxane and polycatenane characteristics. Furthermore, thermogravimetric studies of 1 and 2 and photoluminescent property of 1 were also investigated.
Fabry Disease Practice Guidelines: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Laney Dawn A. , Bennett Robin L. , Clarke Virginia , Fox Angela , Hopkin Robert J. , Johnson Jack , O'Rourke Erin , Sims Katherine , Walter Gerald
Published: July 2013

Identification and comprehensive care of individuals who have Fabry disease (FD) requires a multidisciplinary approach inclusive of genetic testing, test interpretation, genetic counseling, long term disease symptom monitoring, treatment recommendations, and coordination of therapy. The purpose of this document is to provide health care professionals with guidelines for testing, care coordination, identification of psychosocial issues, and to facilitate a better understanding of disease treatment expert recommendations for patients with Fabry disease. These recommendations are the opinions of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors, medical geneticists, and other health professionals with expertise in Fabry disease counseling, as well as representatives/founders of the two United States based Fabry disease patient advocacy groups who are themselves affected by Fabry disease. The recommendations are U.S. Preventive Task Force Class III, and they are based on clinical experience, a review of pertinent English‐language articles, and reports of expert committees. This document reviews the genetics of Fabry disease, the indications for genetic testing, interpretation of results, psychosocial considerations, and references to professional and patient resources.
Amphiphilic Properties of Dodecylammonium Chloride/4‐(1‐Pentylheptyl) Benzene Sodium Sulfonate Aqueous Mixtures and Study of the Catanionic Complex
Authors: Mihelj Tea , Tomašić Vlasta
Published: July 2013

Surfactants are often used in supramolecular chemistry, due to their ability to self‐organize. Surfactant molecules aggregate spontaneously and reversibly to adopt a defined intermolecular arrangement. In this work, general phase behavior, adsorption and association in aqueous mixtures of dodecylammonium chloride, DACl and sodium 4‐(1‐pentylheptyl) benzenesulfonate, NaDBS, were studied by a combination of techniques including surface tension and conductivity measurements, light scattering and optical microscopy. The strong synergistic properties of the system were brought out with the Regular Solution Theory. Various colloidal objects are observed in wide range of composition: conventional small vesicles, large giant multilamellar or multivesicular vesicles. An excess of NaDBS provides extremely large tubular and elongated multilamellar vesicles. The new catanionic 1:1 complex, dodecylammonium‐4‐(1‐pentylheptyl) benzenesulfonate, formed in the equimolar conditions is a result of intramolecular charge neutralization. The thermal properties of this solid compound were examined by thermal polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The most probable ion‐pair amphiphilic cluster of the crystal smectic phase, at room temperature, consists of ionic groups formed in ordered layers with dodecyl chains packed into somewhat disordered layers, tilted to the layer plane.
Understanding spatial organizations of chromosomes via statistical analysis of Hi‐C data
Authors: Hu Ming , Deng Ke , Qin Zhaohui , Liu Jun S.
Published: July 2013

Understanding how chromosomes fold provides insights into the transcription regulation, hence, the functional state of the cell. Using the next generation sequencing technology, the recently developed Hi‐C approach enables a global view of spatial chromatin organization in the nucleus, which substantially expands our knowledge about genome organization and function. However, due to multiple layers of biases, noises and uncertainties buried in the protocol of Hi‐C experiments, analyzing and interpreting Hi‐C data poses great challenges, and requires novel statistical methods to be developed. This article provides an overview of recent Hi‐C studies and their impacts on biomedical research, describes major challenges in statistical analysis of Hi‐C data, and discusses some perspectives for future research.
Timing of advance and basal condition of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last glacial maximum in the Richardson Mountains, NWT
Authors: Lacelle Denis , Lauriol Bernard , Zazula Grant , Ghaleb Bassam , Utting Nicholas , Clark Ian D.
Published: July 2013

This study presents new ages for the northwest section of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) glacial chronology from material recovered from two retrogressive thaw slumps exposed in the Richardson Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. One study site, located at the maximum glacial limit of the LIS in the Richardson Mountains, had calcite concretions recovered from aufeis buried by glacial till that were dated by U/Th disequilibrium to 18,500 cal yr BP. The second site, located on the Peel Plateau to the east yielded a fossil horse (Equus) mandible that was radiocarbon dated to ca. 19,700 cal yr BP. These ages indicate that the Peel Plateau on the eastern flanks of the Richardson Mountains was glaciated only after 18,500 cal yr BP, which is later than previous models for the global last glacial maximum (LGM). As the LIS retreated the Peel Plateau around 15,000 cal yr BP, following the age of the Tutsieta phase, we conclude that the presence of the northwestern margin of the LIS at its maximum limit was a very short event in the western Canadian Arctic.
Catholics and the King James Bible: Stories from England, Ireland and America
Authors: Gebarowski-Shafer Ellie
Published: July 2013

The King James Bible was widely celebrated in 2011 for its literary, religious and cultural significance over the past 400 years, yet its staunch critics are important to note as well. This article draws attention to Catholic critics of the King James Bible (KJB) during its first 300 years in print. By far the most systematic and long-lived Catholic attack on the KJB is found in the argument and afterlife of a curious counter-Reformation text, Thomas Ward's Errata of the Protestant Bible. This book is not completely unknown, yet many scholars have been puzzled over exactly what to make of it and all its successor editions in the nineteenth century – at least a dozen, often in connection with an edition of the Catholic Douai-Rheims Bible (DRB). Ward's Errata, first published in 1688, was based on a 1582 book by Catholic translator and biblical scholar Gregory Martin. The book and its accompanying argument, that all Protestant English Bibles were ‘heretical’ translations, then experienced a prosperous career in nineteenth-century Ireland, employed to battle the British and Foreign Bible Society's campaign to disseminate the Protestant King James Bible as widely as possible. On the American career of the Counter-Reformation text, the article discusses early editions in Philadelphia, when the school Bible question entered the American scene. In the mid-nineteenth century, led by Bishop John Purcell in Cincinnati, Bishop Francis Patrick Kenrick in Philadelphia and Bishop John Hughes in New York City, many Catholics began opposing the use of the KJB as a school textbook and demanding use of the Douai Rheims Bible instead. With reference to Ward's Errata, they argued that the KJB was a sectarian version, reflecting Protestant theology at the expense of Catholic teachings. These protests culminated in the then world-famous Bible-burning trial of Russian Redemptorist priest, Fr Vladimir Pecherin in Dublin, in late 1855. The Catholic criticisms of the KJB contained in Ward's Errata, which was reprinted for the last time in 1903, reminded the English-speaking public that this famous and influential Protestant version was not the most perfect of versions, and that it was not and never had been THE BIBLE for everyone.
The ‘Sophiological’ Origins of Vladimir Lossky's Apophaticism
Authors: Gallaher Brandon
Published: July 2013

Vladimir Lossky (1903–58) and Sergii Bulgakov (1871–1944) are normally taken as polar opposites in modern Orthodox theology. Lossky's theology is portrayed as being based on a close exegesis of the Greek Fathers with an emphasis on theosis, the Trinity and the apophatic way of mystical union with God. Bulgakov's ‘sophiology’, in contrast, if it is remembered at all, is said to be a theology which wished to ‘go beyond the Fathers’, was based on German Idealism and the quasi-pantheist and gnostic idea of ‘sophia’ which is a form of the ‘Eternal Feminine’ of Romanticism. In short, Lossky's theological approach is what people normally think of when they speak of Orthodox theology: a form of ‘neo-patristic synthesis’ (Georges Florovsky). Bulgakov's theological approach is said to be typical of the exotic dead end of the inter-war émigré ‘Paris School’ (Alexander Schmemann) or ‘Russian Religious Renaissance’ (Nicolas Zernov). Lossky, we are reminded, was instrumental in the 1935 condemnation, by Metropolitan Sergii Stragorodskii of the Moscow Patriarchate, of Bulgakov's theology as ‘alien’ to the Orthodox Christian faith. Counter to this widely held ‘standard narrative’ of contemporary Orthodox theology, the article argues that the origins of Vladimir Lossky's apophaticism, which he characterised as ‘antinomic theology’, are found within the theological methodology of the sophiology of Sergii Bulgakov: ‘antinomism’. By antinomism is understood that with any theological truth one has two equally necessary affirmations (thesis and antithesis) which are nevertheless logically contradictory. In the face of their conflict, we are forced to hold both thesis and antithesis together through faith. A detailed discussion of Lossky's apophaticism is followed by its comparison to Bulgakov's ‘sophiological antinomism’. Lossky at first appears to be masking the influence of Bulgakov and even goes so far as to read his own form of theological antinomism into the Fathers. Nevertheless, he may well have been consciously appropriating the ‘positive intuitions’ of Bulgakov's thought in order to ‘Orthodoxise’ a thinker he believed was in error but still regarded as the greatest Orthodox theologian of the twentieth century. Despite major differences between the two thinkers (e.g. differing understandings of reason, the use of philosophy and the uncreated/created distinction), it is suggested that Lossky and Bulgakov have more in common than normally is believed to be the case. A critical knowledge of Bulgakov's sophiology is said to be the ‘skeleton key’ for modern Orthodox theology which can help unlock its past, present and future.
The Dark Halo – Spheroid Conspiracy
Authors: Remus Rhea-Silvia , Burkert Andreas , Dolag Klaus , Johansson Peter H. , Naab Thorsten , Oser Ludwig , Thomas Jens
Published: July 2013

Observational results from strong lensing and dynamical modeling indicate that the total density profiles of early-type galaxies are close to isothermal, i.e. ρtot ∝ rγ with γ ≈ −2. To understand the origin of this universal slope we study a set of simulated spheroids formed in cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations (see Oser et al. 2010 for more details). We find that the total stellar plus dark matter density profiles of all our simulations on average can be described by a power law with a slope of γ ≈ −2.1, with a tendency towards steeper slopes for more compact, lower mass ellipticals, while the total intrinsic velocity dispersion is flat for all simulations, independent of the values of γ. Our results are in good agreement with observations of Coma cluster ellipticals (Thomas et al. 2007) and results from strong lensing (Sonnenfeld et al. 2012). We find that for z ≳ 2 the majority of the stellar build-up occurs through in-situ star formation, i.e. the gas falls to the center of the galaxy and forms stars, causing the galaxy to be more compact and thus the stellar component to be more dominant. As a result, the total density slopes at z ≈ 2 are generally steeper (around γ ≈ −3). Between z = 2 and z = 0 galaxies grow mostly through dry merging, with each merging event shifting the slope more towards γ ≈ −2. We conclude from our simulations that the steepness of the slope of present day galaxies is a signature of the importance of mostly dry mergers in the formation of an elliptical, and suggest that all elliptical galaxies will with time end up in a configuration with a density slope of γ ≈ −2. For a more detailed analysis with a larger sample of simulations see Remus et al. (2013).
Appreciation and Enjoyment of Meaningful Entertainment
Authors: Hofer Matthias
Published: July 2013

Appreciation is an audience response associated with entertainment portrayals concerned with the meaning of life and human existence. Appreciation has been shown to be conceptually and empirically different from enjoyment, which is characterized as pleasure and fun. Drawing upon terror management theory, this research investigates first the influence of reminders of one’s own death on appreciation and enjoyment of a meaningful film and second, the influence of the search for meaning in one’s life on these outcomes. Results of an experimental study (N = 60) showed that mortality salience increased appreciation of a meaningful film, but only for those who rated highly for search for meaning in life. Concerning enjoyment, a reverse pattern was found: Participants who intensely search for meaning in their lives enjoyed the film when their own mortality had not been made salient before watching. Results are discussed in the light of theoretical considerations about entertainment experiences and meaning.
Family-, Media-, and School-Related Risk Factors of Video Game Addiction
Authors: Rehbein Florian , Baier Dirk
Published: July 2013

In recent years, a variety of epidemiological studies have provided empirical data on the prevalence of video game addiction (GA) in different age groups. However, few studies investigated the causes of GA and could explain why video game playing as a widespread phenomenon leads to a comparatively small percentage of addicted players. Additionally, the existing longitudinal studies mainly consider psychological trait variables and neglect the possible explanatory value of predictors in socialization regarding media availability, media use, and family and everyday school life. In this paper, the results of a two-wave longitudinal study comprising a sample of students from Grades 4 to 9 (N = 406) are presented. The data show that 15-year-old video game addicts had already exhibited a number of specific risk factors at the age of 10. Students from single-parent families seem to be particularly at risk, as are students with low experienced school well-being and with a weaker social integration in class. The data also indicate that problematic use of video games in childhood increases the risk of GA in adolescence. Male students are especially vulnerable for developing GA. The results of this study are an important contribution to understanding risk factors for GA in adolescents, thereby laying the groundwork for effective prevention measures.
Society and GMOs—chicken and egg?
Authors: Vàzquez‐Salat Núria , Houdebine Louis‐Marie
Published: July 2013

The debate about GM crops in Europe holds valuable lessons about risk management and risk communication. These lessons will be helpful for the upcoming debate on GM animals.
Lost in translation
Authors: Racovita Monica
Published: July 2013

Some view social constructivism as a threat to the unique objectivity of science in describing the world. But social constructivism merely observes the process of science and can offer ways for science to regain public esteem.
Walkable Dual Emissions
Authors: Xu Hai-Bing , Jiao Peng-Chong , Kang Bin , Deng Jian-Guo , Zhang Yan
Published: July 2013

Walkable dual emissions, in which the emission bands of the walker reversibly cross or leave those of the stationary ones depending on temperature and concentration, have been demonstrated in cyclic dimeric lanthanide complexes [Ln(hfac)3(PAnPO2)]2 (Ln = EuIII, TbIII; hfac− = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; PAnPO2 = 9,10-bis(diphenylphosphino) anthracene dioxide), providing a concept model for signals exchanging and dispatching. Additionally, good linear relationships are observed between the maximum emission bands of the walker vs the concentrations {lg(M)} and the measurement temperatures (K), implying such materials could be served as potential concentration and temperature sensors.
Distortion‐correcting algorithm of intra‐coding for flat region in depth map
Authors: Yang X. , Yang F. , Ma X. , Li B.
Published: July 2013

An efficient distortion‐correcting algorithm for the intra‐coding of a depth map is presented by considering the property of the flat area in a depth map. The influence of the distortion of reference pixels on the rate‐distortion (RD) cost function of the macro‐block (MB) in a flat region of a depth map is analysed. Then, the RD performance of the flat region is improved by correcting the distortion of the first MB in the flat area on the basis of this analysis. Experiments show that the performance of the synthesis view of the proposed method can achieve average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of 0.32 and 0.30 dB compared with the JMVC8.5 and the plane segmentation‐based intra‐prediction method, respectively.
Elliptic response bandpass filter based on complementary CMRC
Authors: Qin Wei , Xue Quan
Published: July 2013

A bandpass filter with an elliptic response is presented based on a complementary compact microstrip resonant cell (CCMRC). It can be designed by following the traditional coupled resonator theory. An example filter is fabricated and measured. It is shown that the proposed elliptic response CCMRC has high selectivity, compact size, low insertion loss and a wide upper stopband, making it promising in microwave applications.
Approach to estimate travel time using sparsely sampled GPS data in urban networks
Authors: Hadachi A. , Mousset S. , Bensrhair A.
Published: July 2013

The aim of this reported work is to estimate travel time on urban road sections. The concerned roads are the ones with no dedicated sensing infrastructure and for which the only potentially available source of data is sparse GPS probe data. Presented is a new approach to solve this problem by using an applied particle filter method and historical probabilities distributions of travel time per road section.
Differential feeding technique for mm‐wave series‐fed antenna‐array
Authors: Bisognin A. , Titz D. , Ferrero F. , Luxey C. , Jacquemod G. , Pilard R. , Gianesello F. , Gloria D. , Brachat P.
Published: July 2013

A differential feeding technique for a broadband planar antenna‐array is presented. The antenna structure is composed of four parallel linear series‐fed arrays of four microstrip patches. To cancel the beam tilt versus frequency, one side of the array is fed with in‐phase signal, whereas the same out‐of‐phase signal feeds the opposite side of the array. A rat‐race balun is especially designed to generate those two signals. In comparison with other feeding techniques, there is no need for a resistive load which is actually a problem at millimeter (mm)‐wave frequencies. To validate the concept, a 60 GHz prototype etched on the TacLamPlus substrate is designed and measured.
Normalisation‐based receiver using BCGM approximation for α‐stable noise channels
Authors: Li Xutao , Chen Peng , Fan Lisheng , Gao Feifei
Published: July 2013

Aiming at signal detection in α‐stable (SαS) noise, a receiver with a new zero‐memory nonlinearity limiter (ZMNL) is designed. The proposed ZMNL serves to transform the SαS noise into a standard Gaussian one by using the bi‐parameter Cauchy‐Gaussian mixture (BCGM) model to approximate the SαS density. Simulation results indicate that the proposed receiver outperforms the conventional sub‐optimal receivers for α > 1.5.
Analysis of self‐oscillating switched‐mode circuit for low‐voltage energy harvesting
Authors: Chini A.
Published: July 2013

The operation of a self‐oscillating switched‐mode circuit topology for low‐voltage thermal energy harvesting is analysed and experimental efficiency results are presented. Circuit self‐start‐up function as well as high‐efficiency power transfer are obtained by using only one transformer without additional inductors. It is shown that even without using a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) tracking circuit, it is possible to achieve efficiencies up to 65% over a relatively broad input voltage range which can be optimised by properly varying the transformer turns ratio n.
Frequency transposing measurement technique for oscillator comparisons
Authors: Hartnett J.G. , Parker S.R. , Ivanov E.N.
Published: July 2013

A measurement technique whereby one can measure the relative phase fluctuations and frequency stability of two oscillators operating at different frequencies, both well above the operating bandwidth of any available phase noise measurement test set, is presented and verified experimentally.
60 Gbits error‐free 4‐PAM operation with 850 nm VCSEL
Authors: Szczerba K. , Westbergh P. , Karlsson M. , Andrekson P.A. , Larsson A.
Published: July 2013

60 Gbits over 2 m, 50 Gbits over 50 m and 40 Gbits was transmitted over 100 m of OM4 multimode fibre using four‐level pulse amplitude modulation and a directly modulated 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).
Simple shielding evaluation method of small shield cans on printed circuit boards in mobile devices
Authors: Park Hyun Ho
Published: July 2013

A simple shielding evaluation method of small shield cans using a transverse electromagnetic cell and a specially designed test printed circuit board is proposed. Numerical modelling of the measurement setup using a commercial three‐dimensional electromagnetic field simulator is also introduced to verify the measurement. From measurement and simulation, reliable results for shielding evaluation of the shield cans were obtained.
Continuous wave sub‐THz photonic generation with VCSEL‐based optical frequency comb
Authors: Prior E. , Criado Á.R. , de Dios C. , Acedo P. , Ortsiefer M. , Meissner P.
Published: July 2013

A simple and energy‐efficient photonic system to generate continuously tunable, low phase noise, sub‐THz waves based on COTS components is presented. The optical scheme is based on the use of a commercial vertical cavity surface emitting laser under gain switching modulation that provides a very flat optical frequency comb generator (OFCG) with 23 modes in a 20 dB bandwidth. The laser only needs 15 dBm continuous wave radiofrequency input power and 9 mA of bias current to provide this OFCG. Two optical injection locking stages filter and amplify the two desired modes that are detected in a photodiode to produce the desired sub‐THz signal at the frequency difference of these two selected modes. As an example, demonstrated is the generation of a very stable 88.2 GHz tone with lower linewidth than 10 Hz using a reference of 4.2 GHz to generate the OFCG.
Compact planar triple‐band monopole antennas based on a single‐loop resonator
Authors: Wen Ruiming
Published: July 2013

Two compact triple‐band monopole antennas consisting of a single‐loop resonator (SLR) fed with coplanar waveguide (CPW) and microstrip transmission lines, respectively, are proposed. The SLR exhibiting three resonances is used to achieve the three operating frequency bands ranging from 2.4 to 6 GHz. The proposed triple‐band antennas exhibit very well eight‐like radiation patterns and low cross‐polarisations, which have potential applications for wireless communications.
Plasmons in spatially separated rolled-up electron-hole double-layer systems
Authors: Bagheri Mehran , Mousavi Hamze , Kurdestany Jamshid Moradi
Published: July 2013

Using the two-component random phase approximation, we report the collective mode spectrum of a quasi-one-dimensional spatially separated electron-hole double-layer system characterized by rolled-up type-II band aligned quantum wells. We find two intra-subband collective excitations, which can be classified into optic and acoustic plasmon branches, and several inter-subband plasmon modes. At the long wavelength limit and up to a given wave vector, our model predicts and admits an undamped acoustic branch, which always lies in the gap between the intra-subband electron and hole continua, and an undamped optic branch residing within the gap between the inter-subband electron and hole continua, for all values of the electron-hole charge separations. This theoretical investigation suggests that the low-energy and Landau-undamped plasmon modes might exist based on quasi-one-dimensional, two-component spatially separated electron-hole plasmas, and their possibility could be experimentally examined.
A simple phenomenological model for characterizing the coupled effect of strain states and temperature on the normal-state electrical resistivity in Nb3Sn superconductors
Authors: Qiao Li , Yang Lin , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: July 2013

To establish a general scaling relation for the effects of strain tensor on the critical current density in Nb3Sn, the normal-state transport properties of strained Nb3Sn superconductors are invaluable, which are directly relevant to the superconducting state. The three-dimensional (3D) strain- and temperature-dependent electrical resistivity of Nb3Sn in the normal state is explored, and a phenomenological model is suggested. The numerical simulation by the model proposed in this paper shows predicted normal state electrical resistance behavior, which in good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the dependence of the strain induced variation of the electrical resistivity of normal conducting Nb3Sn on temperature with the largest change occurring at the temperature of 40 K (closer to the martensitic transformation temperature) can also be predicted. The model is helpful for identifying the scaling relation for the critical current density in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Nb3Sn strands and understanding the origin of strain sensitivity in Nb3Sn conductors.