bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market Variations in Intensity of Medicare Service Use and Beneficiary Experiences with Care
Authors: Mittler Jessica N. , Landon Bruce E. , Fisher Elliot S. , Cleary Paul D. , Zaslavsky Alan M.
Published: April 2010

Objective. Examine associations between patient experiences with care and service use across markets.

Data Sources/Study Setting. Medicare fee‐for‐service (FFS) and managed care (Medicare Advantage [MA]) beneficiaries in 306 markets from the 2003 Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys. Resource use intensity is measured by the 2003 end‐of‐life expenditure index.

Study Design. We estimated correlations and linear regressions of eight measures of case‐mix‐adjusted beneficiary experiences with intensity of service use across markets.

Data Collection/Extraction. We merged CAHPS data with service use data, excluding beneficiaries under 65 years of age or receiving Medicaid.

Principal Findings. Overall, higher intensity use was associated (p<.05) with worse (seven measures) or no better care experiences (two measures). In higher‐intensity markets, Medicare FFS and MA beneficiaries reported more problems getting care quickly and less helpful office staff. However, Medicare FFS beneficiaries in higher‐intensity markets reported higher overall ratings of their personal physician and main specialist. Medicare MA beneficiaries in higher‐intensity markets also reported worse quality of communication with physicians, ability to get needed care, and overall ratings of care.

Conclusions. Medicare beneficiaries in markets characterized by high service use did not report better experiences with care. This trend was strongest for those in managed care.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Ethanol Consumption: Perspectives From Preclinical Research
Authors: Pautassi Ricardo M. , Camarini Rosana , Quadros Isabel Marian , Miczek Klaus A. , Israel Yedy
Published: April 2010

Background: Alcohol use disorders (abuse and dependence, AUD) are multifactorial phenomena, depending on the interplay of environmental and genetic variables.

Method: This review describes current developments in animal research that may help (a) develop gene therapies for the treatment of alcoholism, (b) understand the permissive role of stress on ethanol intake, and (c) elucidate why exposure to ethanol early in life is associated with a greater risk of AUD.

Results: The polymorphisms found in liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) affect the elimination of ethanol and the susceptibility to ethanol intake. A highly active ADH protects against alcoholism, an effect related to a presteady state burst in arterial acetaldehyde. Social stressors, such as repeated early maternal separation or social defeat, exert a permissive effect on ethanol intake, perhaps by altering the normal development of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Ethanol exposure during gestation, infancy, or adolescence increases the likelihood of AUD later in life. Early perception of ethanol’s positive and negative (anti‐anxiety) reinforcing effects may play a role in this phenomenon.

Conclusions: The review underscores the advantages of using preclinical animal models of AUD and highlights points of intersection between the topics to help design a more integrated approach for the study of alcohol‐related problems.
Water Consumption Based on a Disaggregated Social Accounting Matrix of Huesca (Spain)
Authors: Cazcarro Ignacio , Pac Rosa Duarte , Sánchez‐Chóliz Julio
Published: April 2010

Making use of the social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish province of Huesca in 2002, updated following Junius and Oosterhaven's GRAS method and work by Lenzen and colleagues, we have estimated the water footprint of the region. The water footprint is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants plus the direct consumption in the households. We built an open Leontief model, which gives us the water embodied in the production of goods. The valuations concern the industrial, service, and domestic sectors’ water consumption, the embodied water imported from and exported to other countries, and the agrarian water use. This agrarian sector, clearly the sector that shows the greatest water consumption, is carefully examined, so it is disaggregated for the calculations into 31 irrigation land products, dry land, and 9 livestock classifications. As a consequence, the framework enables the observation of the relationships and flows of water taking place among all the sectors and activities in the economy. Finally, we also make use of the per capita water footprint estimations to get a clear picture of how the responsibility for water use is distributed once foreign trade is taken into account.
Factors Associated with Potentially Preventable Hospitalization in Nursing Home Residents in New York State: A Survey of Directors of Nursing
Authors: Young Yuchi , Barhydt Nancy R. , Broderick Suzanne , Colello Anna D. , Hannan Edward L.
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics of New York State nursing homes and identify factors associated with potentially preventable hospitalization in nursing home residents.

DESIGN: Cross‐sectional survey.

SETTING: Randomly selected nursing homes in New York State.

PARTICIPANTS: One hundred forty‐seven directors of nursing (DONs).

MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected using a Web‐based survey completed in January 2008. Variables included specific aspects of facility environment, nurse and aide services, resource availability, perceived determinants of hospitalization, and nursing home practice. Stepwise multivariate linear regression examined the associations between perceived determinants and potentially preventable hospitalization.

RESULTS: Factors associated with potentially preventable hospitalization included presence of nursing staff trained to communicate effectively with physicians (P<.001); easy access to urgent laboratory results in less than 4 hours on weekends (P=.03); that physicians attempt to treat patients within the nursing home and admit to the hospital as a last resort (P<.001); higher reported proportion of residents enrolled in managed care plans for regular medical care (P=.04); higher perceived likelihood that illness will cause death (P=.03); perceived inadequate access by physicians to residents' and prior medical history, laboratory results, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) (P=.02), as reported by DONs.

CONCLUSION: Efficient and effective care depends on continuity of communication between nurses and physicians and adequate access to patients' medical history, laboratory results, and ECGs. The following operational strategies may help institutions reduce potentially preventable hospitalizations: ensure effective communication between nursing staff and physicians regarding patients' condition; provide physicians with easy access to stat laboratory results in less than 4 hours on weekends and adequate access to the patient's medical history, laboratory results, and ECGs; and motivate physicians to treat residents within the nursing home whenever possible.
Correlates of Urinary Incontinence in Community‐Dwelling Older Latinos
Authors: Smith Ariana L. , Wang Pin‐Chieh , Anger Jennifer T. , Mangione Carol M. , Trejo Laura , Rodríguez Larissa V. , Sarkisian Catherine A.
Published: April 2010

The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) has varied in the literature and is reflective of the definition and sampling methodologies used, as well as the age, ethnicity, and sex being studied. The aim of the current study was to measure the prevalence and correlates of UI in a sample of 572 older Latinos participating in Caminemos, a trial of a behavioral intervention to increase walking. Participants completed an in‐person survey and physical performance measures. UI was measured using the International Consultation on Incontinence item: “How often do you leak urine?” Potential correlates of UI included sociodemographic variables, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, medical comorbidity, physical performance, activity of daily living (ADL) impairment, use of assistive ambulatory devices, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of UI in this sample was 26.9%. Women were more likely to report UI, as were those who were less physically active; used assistive ambulatory devices; and had depressive symptoms, greater medical comorbidity, worse physical performance, greater ADL impairment, worse cognitive function, and lower HRQoL. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that medical comorbidity was independently associated with higher rates of UI (odds ratio (OR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.30–2.12), whereas better cognitive function (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.57–0.93) and higher weighted physical activity scores (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.60–0.98) were independently associated with lower rates of UI. UI is highly prevalent but not ubiquitous among community‐residing older Latinos, suggesting that UI is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Future studies should examine whether interventions that decrease comorbidity and cognitive decline and increase physical activity improve continence status.
The Impact of Age on the Electroanatomical Characteristics and Outcome of Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: TUAN TA‐CHUAN , CHANG SHIH‐LIN , TSAO HSUAN‐MING , TAI CHING‐TAI , LIN YENN‐JIANG , HU YU‐FENG , LO LI‐WEI , UDYAVAR AMEYA R. , CHANG CHIEN‐JONG , TSAI WEN‐CHIN , TANG WEI‐HUA , SUENARI KAZUYOSHI , HUANG SHIH‐YU , LEE PI‐CHANGE , CHEN SHIH‐ANN
Published: April 2010

Age and Atrial Fibrillation.  Background: Previous studies have indicated that atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients over the age of 60 at diagnosis is a risk factor for a substantial increase in cardiovascular events. However, information about the impact of age on the atrial substrate and clinical outcome after catheter ablation of AF is limited.

Methods: This study included 350 patients (53 ± 12 years, 254 males) who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) of AF, guided by a NavX mapping system. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their age, as follows: Group I: age ≤50 (n = 141), Group II: age = 51–64 (n = 149) and Group III: age ≥65 years old (n = 60). The mean voltage and total activation time of the individual atria were obtained by using a NavX mapping system before ablation. Several parameters, including the gender, AF duration, and left atrial (LA) diameter were analyzed.

Results: The younger age group had a significantly smaller LA diameter (Group I vs Group II vs Group III, 36.89 ± 7.11 vs 39.16 ± 5.65 vs 40.77 ± 4.95 mm, P = 0.002) and higher LA bipolar voltage (2.09 ± 0.83 vs 1.73 ± 0.73 vs 1.86 ± 0.67 mV, respectively, P = 0.024), compared with the older AF patients. The LA bipolar voltage exhibited a significant reduction when the patients became older, however, that did not occur in the right atrium. The incidence of an AF recurrence was higher in the older age group than in the younger age groups. A subgroup of patients with lone AF was analyzed and age was found to be an independent predictor of the AF recurrence after receiving the first CPVI in the multivariable model (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Age has a significant impact on the LA substrate properties and outcome of the catheter ablation of AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 966‐972, September 2010)
Do Beta‐Blockers Impact Microvolt T‐Wave Alternans Testing in Patients at Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmias? A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: CHAN PAUL S. , GOLD MICHAEL R. , NALLAMOTHU BRAHMAJEE K.
Published: April 2010

Beta‐Blockers and Microvolt T‐Wave Alternans. Introduction: Results of microvolt T‐wave alternans (MTWA) studies vary and may be influenced by whether beta‐blocker therapy was withheld prior to MTWA assessment. We conducted a meta‐analysis of the predictive value of MTWA screening for ventricular arrhythmic events in primary prevention patients with left ventricular dysfunction and examined whether results differed depending upon whether beta‐blocker use was withheld prior to MTWA testing.

Methods and Results:
Prospective studies that evaluated whether MTWA predicted ventricular arrhythmic events published between January 1980 and September 2008 were identified. Summary estimates for the predictive value of MTWA were derived with random‐effects models. Nine studies involving 3,939 patients were identified. Overall, an abnormal MTWA (positive and indeterminate) test was associated with an almost 2‐fold increased risk for arrhythmic events (pooled RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.29–2.96; P = 0.002). However, significant heterogeneity across studies was observed (P = 0.024). In the 4 studies in which beta‐blocker therapy was not withheld prior to MTWA assessment, an abnormal MTWA test was associated with a 5‐fold increased risk for arrhythmic events (pooled RR = 5.39, 95% CI: 2.68–10.84; P < 0.001) and was robust to sensitivity analyses. In contrast, the association was much weaker in those studies where the use of beta‐blocker therapy was withheld prior to MTWA testing (pooled RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06–1.84; P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
In primary prevention patients with left ventricular dysfunction, the predictive power of MTWA varied widely, based on whether beta‐blocker therapy was withheld prior to its assessment. This observation may explain the inconsistent results of MTWA studies in this population. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1009‐1014, September 2010)
Electroanatomical Mapping‐Guided Endocardial and Epicardial Ablation of Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Originating From Alcohol Septal Ablation‐Induced Scar in a Patient With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: MURATA HIROSHIGE , MIYAUCHI YASUSHI , NITTA TAKASHI , MIZUNO KYOICHI
Published: April 2010

Ventricular Tachycardia After Alcohol Septal Ablation.  A 76‐year‐old female developed 2 different ventricular tachycardias (VTs) 5 years after alcohol septal ablation (ASA) for symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. VT#1 was a small macroreentry at the anterior border of the low‐voltage zone, suggesting the ASA‐scar and eliminated by endocardial ablation at a site recording fractionated potentials covering the mid‐diastolic and presystolic periods. VT#2 was a focal VT and eliminated by epicardial cryoablation at the basal posterior left ventricle, suggesting the posterior border of the ASA‐scar. Using the electroanatomical mapping, we demonstrated that the mechanism of the VTs was reentry at the edge of the ASA‐scar. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1296‐1299, November 2010)
A Short‐Term, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Parallel‐Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dronedarone versus Amiodarone in Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The DIONYSOS Study
Authors: LE HEUZEY JEAN‐YVES , DE FERRARI GAETANO M. , RADZIK DAVID , SANTINI MASSIMO , ZHU JUNREN , DAVY JEAN‐MARC
Published: April 2010

Dronedarone versus Amiodarone in Patients with AF.  Introduction: We compared the efficacy and safety of amiodarone and dronedarone in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Five hundred and four amiodarone‐naïve patients were randomized to receive dronedarone 400 mg bid (n = 249) or amiodarone 600 mg qd for 28 days then 200 mg qd (n = 255) for at least 6 months. Primary composite endpoint was recurrence of AF (including unsuccessful electrical cardioversion, no spontaneous conversion and no electrical cardioversion) or premature study discontinuation. Main safety endpoint (MSE) was occurrence of thyroid‐, hepatic‐, pulmonary‐, neurologic‐, skin‐, eye‐, or gastrointestinal‐specific events, or premature study drug discontinuation following an adverse event.

Results: Median treatment duration was 7 months. The primary composite endpoint was 75.1 and 58.8% with dronedarone and amiodarone, respectively, at 12 months (hazard ratio [HR] 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–1.98; P < 0.0001), mainly driven by AF recurrence with dronedarone compared with amiodarone (63.5 vs 42.0%). AF recurrence after successful cardioversion was 36.5 and 24.3% with dronedarone and amiodarone, respectively. Premature drug discontinuation tended to be less frequent with dronedarone (10.4 vs 13.3%). MSE was 39.3 and 44.5% with dronedarone and amiodarone, respectively, at 12 months (HR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.60–1.07; P = 0.129), and mainly driven by fewer thyroid, neurologic, skin, and ocular events in the dronedarone group.

Conclusion: In this short‐term study, dronedarone was less effective than amiodarone in decreasing AF recurrence, but had a better safety profile, specifically with regard to thyroid and neurologic events and a lack of interaction with oral anticoagulants. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 597‐605, June 2010)
Clarifying the Taxonomic Identity of a Phylogenetically Important Group of Eukaryotes: Planomonas is a Junior Synonym of Ancyromonas
Authors: HEISS AARON A. , WALKER GISELLE , SIMPSON ALASTAIR G. B.
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT. Ancyromonas was first described in 1882 by Saville Kent, with the modern concept of the genus dating from 1979 with the work of Hänel. Since then, organisms assigned to Ancyromonas have been found to be common in diverse ecosystems, and the group's isolated phylogenetic placement renders it of considerable evolutionary interest. However, in 2008 Cavalier‐Smith et al. concluded that all modern accounts of Ancyromonas were of a different organism from that described by Saville Kent, and erected the new genus Planomonas to encompass modern observations of Ancyromonas, and several new species. We critique the rationale for creating this new genus, reexamining the original sources and making additional observations using light and electron microscopy. We find that almost all the differences between the genera are mistaken or insubstantial. In particular, (1) Cavalier‐Smith et al. characterized Ancyromonas sensu Saville Kent as anchoring and Planomonas as gliding, while we find that each type of organism actually does both, and (2) it was claimed that Planomonas is flattened while Ancyromonas sensu Saville Kent is not, but this argument is inconsistent. We treat Planomonas as a junior synonym of Ancyromonas, and Planomonas mylnikovi as a junior synonym of Ancyromonas sigmoides. We transfer Planomonas cephalopora, Planomonas micra, Planomonas howeae and Planomonas limna to Ancyromonas. The genus Ancyromonas therefore includes: A. sigmoides, Ancyromonas cephalopora n. comb., Ancyromonas melba, Ancyromonas sinistra, Ancyromonas micra n. comb., Ancyromonas howeae n. comb., and Ancyromonas limna n. comb.
Plant quality effects on intraguild predation between Orius laevigatus and Aphidoletes aphidimyza
Authors: Hosseini Mojtaba , Ashouri Ahmad , Enkegaard Annie , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Goldansaz Seyed Hossein , Mahalati Mahdi Nassiri , Sarraf Moayeri Hamid Reza
Published: April 2010

To understand the influence of plant quality on intraguild predation and consequently on the suppression of a shared prey population as well as on plant yield, the interactions between Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (shared prey), Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (intermediate predator), and Orius laevigatus Fieber (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) (top predator) were investigated in 25‐day experiments on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) at various N fertilization levels (90, 150, and 190 p.p.m.) in microcosm set‐ups under greenhouse conditions. The final aphid population size was significantly affected by an interactive effect of N fertilization and predator application. Regardless of the N fertilization levels, O. laevigatus alone was more effective in aphid suppression than A. aphidimyza alone. In addition, the risk for aphids of being predated upon by both predators together was significantly reduced in the low and medium‐N fertilization levels, whereas it was additive in the high‐N fertilization treatment. The A. aphidimyza population was suppressed by O. laevigatus in both the 90 and 150 p.p.m. N treatments. However, there was no intraguild predation of O. laevigatus on A. aphidimyza at the 190 p.p.m. N level. Total plant yield depended on predator treatments and N fertilization levels, with the highest yield produced at the 150 p.p.m. N fertilization level in treatments with either O. laevigatus alone or with both predators together. Our results demonstrate that the weak asymmetric intraguild predation among A. aphidimyza and O. laevigatus does not influence the ability of both predators together to diminish bottom‐up effects on aphid populations and the yield losses associated with aphid infestations.
Prefabricated zirconium dioxide implant abutments for single‐tooth replacement in the posterior region: evaluation of peri‐implant tissues and superstructures after 12 months of function
Authors: Nothdurft Frank , Pospiech Peter
Published: April 2010

Aim: In the present study, prefabricated abutments made of zirconium dioxide Y‐TZP (tetragonal zirconia polycrystals) were inserted into the posterior region under controlled clinical conditions. The aim was to test whether abutments made of zirconium dioxide are suitable for this indication. Investigation parameters included reactions of peri‐implant tissue and the structural integrity of the all‐ceramic superstructures on the implants. Results after 12 months in function are reported in this article.

Material and methods: Forty implants of the XiVE® S plus screw‐type implants (DENTSPLY Friadent) were inserted into the posterior region of 24 patients. After the healing period, the implants were provided with all‐ceramic abutments made of zirconium dioxide Y‐TZP (FRIADENT® CERCON® Abutment; DENTSPLY Friadent). All‐ceramic crowns (CERCON® smart ceramics; DENTSPLY DeguDent) were used as superstructures and cemented using the conventional method. The following parameters were used to document the state of soft tissue: modified plaque index (mPI), sulcus fluid flow rate (SFFR, Periotron; Oraflow Inc), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and pocket depth (ST). Mesial and distal bone levels were determined on radiographs during the prosthetic treatment and at the 12‐month recall. The Periotest™ (Medizintechnik Gulden) was used to determine implant stability.

Results: All implants could be followed up after 12 months in function. In the presence of good oral hygiene (mPI: 0.5), the parameters SFFR (18) and mSBI (0.5) were indicative of stable and healthy soft tissue. ST was highest at the distal points of measurement (2.3 mm) and was generally at a low level. Compared with the baseline situation, proximal bone defects were reduced from −1.1 to −1 mm during the 12‐month period of functioning. The mean Periost™ values at the 12‐month recall were −1.9 in the maxilla and −3.8 in the mandible. Neither implant loss nor crown fractures occurred. Chipping of parts of the veneering ceramic was registered in four cases (10%).

Conclusion: After 12 months of wear, no mechanical failure was registered in any of the all‐ceramic abutments. On clinical investigation, the peri‐implant hard and soft tissues were largely healthy and devoid of inflammation.

To cite this article:
 Nothdurft F, Pospiech P. Prefabricated zirconium dioxide implant abutments for single‐tooth replacement in the posterior region: evaluation of peri‐implant tissues and superstructures after 12 months of function. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 857–865. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01899.x
Male and female Fmr1 knockout mice on C57 albino background exhibit spatial learning and memory impairments
Authors: Baker K. B. , Wray S. P. , Ritter R. , Mason S. , Lanthorn T. H. , Savelieva K.V.
Published: April 2010

Impaired spatial learning is a prominent deficit in fragile X syndrome (FXS). Previous studies using the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model of FXS have not consistently reported a deficit in spatial learning. Fmr1 KO mice bred onto an albino C57BL/6J‐Tyrc‐Brd background showed significant deficits in several primary measures of performance during place navigation and probe trials in the Morris water maze. Fmr1 KO mice were also impaired during a serial reversal version of the water maze task. We examined fear conditioning as an additional cognitive screen. Knockout mice exhibited contextual memory deficits when trained with unsignaled shocks; however, deficits were not found in a separate group of KO mice trained with signaled shocks. No potentially confounding genotypic differences in locomotor activity were observed. A decreased anxiety‐like profile was apparent in the open field, as others have noted, and also in the platform test. Also as previously reported, startle reactivity to loud auditory stimuli was decreased, prepulse inhibition and social interaction increased in KO mice. Female Fmr1 KO mice were tested along with male KO mice in all assays, except for social interaction. The female and male KO exhibited very similar impairments indicating that sex does not generally drive the behavioral symptoms of the disorder. Our results suggest that procedural factors, such as the use of albino mice, may help to reliably detect spatial learning and memory impairments in both sexes of Fmr1 KO mice, making it more useful for understanding FXS and a platform for evaluating potential therapeutics.
Protein–protein interactions and selection: yeast‐based approaches that exploit guanine nucleotide‐binding protein signaling
Authors: Ishii Jun , Fukuda Nobuo , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ogino Chiaki , Kondo Akihiko
Published: April 2010

For elucidating protein–protein interactions, many methodologies have been developed during the past two decades. For investigation of interactions inside cells under physiological conditions, yeast is an attractive organism with which to quickly screen for hopeful candidates using versatile genetic technologies, and various types of approaches are now available. Among them, a variety of unique systems using the guanine nucleotide‐binding protein (G‐protein) signaling pathway in yeast have been established to investigate the interactions of proteins for biological study and pharmaceutical research. G‐proteins involved in various cellular processes are mainly divided into two groups: small monomeric G‐proteins, and heterotrimeric G‐proteins. In this minireview, we summarize the basic principles and applications of yeast‐based screening systems, using these two types of G‐protein, which are typically used for elucidating biological protein interactions but are differentiated from traditional yeast two‐hybrid systems.
The ROQUIN family of proteins localizes to stress granules via the ROQ domain and binds target mRNAs
Authors: Athanasopoulos Vicki , Barker Andrew , Yu Di , Tan Andy H‐M. , Srivastava Monika , Contreras Nelida , Wang Jianbin , Lam Kong‐Peng , Brown Simon H. J. , Goodnow Christopher C. , Dixon Nicholas E. , Leedman Peter J. , Saint Robert , Vinuesa Carola G.
Published: April 2010

Roquin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a poorly understood but essential role in preventing T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune disease and in microRNA‐mediated repression of inducible costimulator (Icos) mRNA. Roquin and its mammalian paralogue membrane‐associated nucleic acid binding protein (MNAB) define a protein family distinguished by an ∼ 200 amino acid domain of unknown function, ROQ, that is highly conserved from mammals to invertebrates and is flanked by a RING‐1 zinc finger and a CCCH zinc finger. Here we show that human, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans Roquin and human MNAB localize to the cytoplasm and upon stress are concentrated in stress granules, where stalled mRNA translation complexes are stored. The ROQ domain is necessary and sufficient for localization to arsenite‐induced stress granules and to induce these structures upon overexpression, and is required to trigger Icos mRNA decay. Gel‐shift, SPR and footprinting studies show that an N‐terminal fragment centred on the ROQ domain binds RNA from the Icos 3′‐untranslated region comprising the minimal sequence for Roquin‐mediated repression, adjacent to the miR‐101 sequence complementarity. These findings identify Roquin as an RNA‐binding protein and establish a specific function for the ROQ protein domain in mRNA homeostasis.

Structured digital abstract

MINT‐7711163: TIA‐1 (uniprotkb:P31483) and Roquin (uniprotkb:Q4VGL6) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)

MINT‐7711475: RLE‐1 (uniprotkb:O45962) and TIA‐1 (uniprotkb:P31483) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)

MINT‐7711487: DmRoquin (uniprotkb:Q9VV48) and TIA‐1 (uniprotkb:P31483) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)

MINT‐7711447, MINT‐7711460: MNAB (uniprotkb:Q9HBD1) and TIA‐1 (uniprotkb:P31483) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)

MINT‐7711176: eIF3 (uniprotkb:P55884) and Roquin (uniprotkb:Q4VGL6) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)

MINT‐7711192: DCP1A (uniprotkb:Q9NPI6) and TIA‐1 (uniprotkb:P31483) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
Sugar signalling and antioxidant network connections in plant cells
Authors: Bolouri‐Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Le Roy Katrien , Xiang Li , Rolland Filip , Van den Ende Wim
Published: April 2010

Sugars play important roles as both nutrients and regulatory molecules throughout plant life. Sugar metabolism and signalling function in an intricate network with numerous hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signalling and scavenging systems. Although hexokinase is well known to fulfil a crucial role in glucose sensing processes, a scenario is emerging in which the catalytic activity of mitochondria‐associated hexokinase regulates glucose‐6‐phosphate and ROS levels, stimulating antioxidant defence mechanisms and the synthesis of phenolic compounds. As a new concept, it can be hypothesized that the synergistic interaction of sugars (or sugar‐like compounds) and phenolic compounds forms part of an integrated redox system, quenching ROS and contributing to stress tolerance, especially in tissues or organelles with high soluble sugar concentrations.
Disorders of Orgasm and Ejaculation in Men
Authors: Rowland David , McMahon Chris G. , Abdo Carmita , Chen Juza , Jannini Emmanuele , Waldinger Marcel D. , Ahn Tai Young
Published: April 2010

Introduction

Ejaculatory/orgasmic disorders are common male sexual dysfunctions, and include premature ejaculation (PE), inhibited ejaculation, anejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia.

Aim

To provide recommendations and guidelines concerning current state-of-the-art knowledge for management of ejaculation/orgasmic disorders in men.

Methods

An international consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 25 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge of disorders of orgasm and ejaculation represent the opinion of seven experts from seven countries developed in a process over a 2-year period.

Main Outcome Measure

Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate.

Results

Premature ejaculation management is largely dependent upon etiology. Lifelong PE is best managed with PE pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor [SSRI] and/or topical anesthetics). The management of acquired PE is etiology specific and may include erectile dysfunction (ED) pharmacotherapy in men with comorbid ED. Behavioral therapy is indicated when psychogenic or relationship factors are present and is often best combined with PE pharmacotherapy in an integrated treatment program. Retrograde ejaculation is managed by education, patient reassurance, pharmacotherapy, or bladder neck reconstruction. Delayed ejaculation, anejaculation, and/or anorgasmia may have a biogenic and/or psychogenic atiology. Men with age-related penile hypoanesthesia should be educated, reassured, and instructed in revised sexual techniques which maximize arousal.

Conclusions

Additional research is required to further the understanding of the disorders of ejaculation and orgasm.
Erectile Function Rehabilitation in the Radical Prostatectomy Patient
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Bella Anthony J. , Briganti Alberto , McCullough Andrew , Brock Gerald
Published: April 2010

Introduction

Prostate cancer is common and is being diagnosed in younger men now compared with two decades ago. Long-term functional outcomes are of significant importance to patient and impact upon the patient decision-making process regarding choice of therapy. Erectile function preservation (rehabilitation) has gained significant traction worldwide despite the absence of definitive evidence in its favor.

Aim

To define the role of rehabilitation in the prostate cancer patient who has undergone radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

A committee of five experts in the field from three countries was convened, and using a thorough analysis of the literature and the Delphi approach to expert opinion, recommendations were arrived at for clinicians treating men with prostate cancer before and after definitive surgical management.

Results

Recommendations arrived at included: that clinicians should discuss prevalence rates, the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction after RP and the predictors of erectile function recovery, that validated instruments should be used using the published cut-offs for normalcy, that rehabilitation be discussed with patients, and that they be informed that significant potential benefits may be associated with rehabilitation.

Conclusions

The International Consensus of Sexual Medicine (ICSM) 2001 committee on rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy recommended that a discussion occur regarding rehabilitation in all patients undergoing or who have undergone RP. However, the committee recognized the absence of definitive data to date and could not comment on the optimal approach to rehabilitation at this time.
SDSS J150634.27+013331.6: the second compact elliptical galaxy in the NGC 5846 group
Authors: Chilingarian Igor V. , Bergond Gilles
Published: April 2010

We report the discovery of the second compact elliptical (cE) galaxy SDSS J150634.27+013331.6 in the nearby NGC 5846 group by the Virtual Observatory (VO) workflow. This object (MB=−15.98 mag, Re= 0.24 kpc) becomes the fifth cE where the spatially resolved kinematics and stellar populations can be obtained. We used archival HST WFPC2 images to demonstrate that its light profile has a two-component structure, and integrated photometry from GALEX, SDSS, UKIDSS and Spitzer to build the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution to constrain the star formation history (SFH). We observed this galaxy with the PMAS IFU spectrograph at the Calar-Alto 3.5-m telescope and obtained two-dimensional maps of its kinematics and stellar population properties using the full-spectral fitting technique. Its structural, dynamical and stellar population properties suggest that it had a massive progenitor heavily tidally stripped by NGC 5846.
An evidence‐based review of therapies for canine chronic kidney disease
Authors: Roudebush P. , Polzin D. J. , Adams L. G. , Towell T. L. , Forrester S. D.
Published: April 2010

Successful treatment and prevention of kidney disease in dogs requires a multi‐dimensional approach to identify and eliminate causes or exacerbating factors, provide professional evaluation on a regular basis and implement a comprehensive treatment programme when necessary. Over the years, many therapeutic and preventive interventions have been developed or advocated for chronic kidney disease in dogs, but evidence of efficacy or effectiveness is often lacking or highly variable. Accordingly, the main objective of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise the evidence supporting various aspects of managing canine chronic kidney disease.
A Blue Light‐inducible Phosphodiesterase Activity in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus
Authors: Cao Zhen , Livoti Elsa , Losi Aba , Gärtner Wolfgang
Published: April 2010

A blue light‐inducible phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, specific for the hydrolysis of cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP), has been identified in a recombinant protein from Synechococcus elongatus. Blue light (BL) activation is accomplished by a light, oxygen, voltage (LOV) domain, found in plant phototropins and bacterial BL photoreceptors. The genome of S. elongatus contains two genes coding for proteins with LOV domains fused to EAL domains (SL1 and SL2). In both cases, a GGDEF motif is placed in between the LOV and the EAL motifs. Such arrangement is frequently found with diguanylate‐cyclase (DGC) functions that form c‐di‐GMP. Cyclic di‐GMP acts as a second messenger molecule regulating biofilm formation in many microbial species. Both enzyme activities modulate the intracellular level of this second messenger, although in most proteins only one of the two enzyme functions is active. Both S. elongatus LOV‐GGDEF‐EAL proteins were expressed in full length or as truncated proteins. Only the SL2 protein, expressed as a LOV‐GGDEF‐EAL construct, showed an increase of PDE activity upon BL irradiation, demonstrating this activity for the first time in a LOV‐domain protein. Addition of GTP or c‐di‐GMP did not affect the observed enzymatic activity. In none of the full‐length or truncated proteins was a DGC activity detected.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Telmisartan Versus Valsartan in the Management of Essential Hypertension
Authors: Zheng Zhenfeng , Lin Shan , Shi Huilan
Published: April 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:414–421. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This was a systematic assessment of the efficacy and safety of telmisartan and valsartan for the management of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension. The authors reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs comparing telmisartan and valsartan for the management of essential hypertension in which the participants were followed for at least 6 weeks. When a metaanalysis was possible, included studies were analyzed by Review Manager 5.0 provided by Cochrane Collaboration Group. Statistics were calculated as weight mean differences (WMDs) and relative risk with a random‐effect model. A total of 6 RCTs with 3762 patients were included in this metaanalysis. When the authors combined data from all treatment categories as a group, no difference was found between telmisartan and valsartan in reduction of systolic BP and diastolic BP. In subgroup analysis, telmisartan showed a significant benefit on lowering systolic BP and diastolic BP (WMD, −2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.03 to −0.73; P<0.01; and WMD,−1.73; 95% CI, −2.47 to −0.98; P<0.01; respectively). It was found that telmisartan had a higher rate of management of clinical BP compared with valsartan (relative risk, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.19; P=0.05). No difference was found in the incidence of adverse events. Telmisartan’s BP‐lowering capabilities were comparable to those of valsartan in monotherapy. When combined with hydrochlorothiazide, telmisartan was more effective than valsartan. Telmisartan had the same safety in the treatment of essential hypertensive patients in comparison with valsartan.
Prevention of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: What Do We Know?
Authors: Ruilope Luis , Izzo Joseph , Haller Hermann , Waeber Bernard , Oparil Suzanne , Weber Michael , Bakris George , Sowers James
Published: April 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:422–430. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease are epidemic throughout industrialized societies. Diabetes leads to premature cardiovascular disease and is regarded by many as the most common etiological factor for chronic kidney disease. Because most studies of blood‐pressure lowering agents in people with diabetes and hypertension have been conducted in individuals who already have some target organ damage, it is unclear whether earlier intervention could prevent or delay the onset of renal or systemic vascular disease. In early disease there is only a low possibility of observing cardiovascular or renal events; thus intervention trials in this population must rely on disease markers such as microalbuminuria. Accordingly, the authors review the evidence to support the use of microalbuminuria as a disease marker in diabetic patients based on its strong association with renal and cardiovascular events, and discuss recent trials that examine the impact of preventing or delaying the onset of microalbuminuria.
Predicted Coronary Heart Disease Risk Reduction and Dual Blood Pressure/Cholesterol Goal Attainment in Patients With Hypertension Treated in Real‐World Clinical Practice
Authors: Neutel Joel M. , Eaddy Michael , Lunacsek Orsolya E. , Roberts Craig , Chen Linda , Kean Allison J. , Jackson James H.
Published: April 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:396–406. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are highly co‐prevalent, but often poorly controlled, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2004 and April 2008 to compare estimated 10‐year CHD risk reduction and dual blood pressure and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment (Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults [Adult Treatment Panel III]) in patients with a first prescription for amlodipine monotherapy, co‐prescribed amlodipine + statin, or single‐pill amlodipine/atorvastatin. In total, 2739 patients were prescribed amlodipine monotherapy, 653 were co‐prescribed amlodipine + statin, and 227 were prescribed single‐pill amlodipine/atorvastatin. Baseline CHD risk was similar in all 3 cohorts (11.0%–12.5%). Relative CHD risk reduction was greater in those prescribed single‐pill amlodipine/atorvastatin (24.5%) compared with amlodipine monotherapy (14.4%, P<.01), and co‐prescribed amlodipine + statin (18.4%, P=.01). The findings were driven by greater dual goal attainment for patients prescribed single‐pill amlodipine/atorvastatin (50.2%) compared with amlodipine monotherapy (31.7%, P<.05) and co‐prescribed amlodipine + statin (37.5%, P<.05).
Efficacy and Safety of Irbesartan/HCTZ in Severe Hypertension According to Cardiometabolic Factors
Authors: Franklin Stanley S. , Neutel Joel M.
Published: April 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).2010;12:487–494. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This post hoc analysis of a 7‐week, randomized, double‐blind trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of initial irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide treatment in 468 patients with severe, uncontrolled, hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥100 mm Hg) at high cardiovascular risk. Systolic blood pressure (SBP)/DBP reductions ranged from 28.0 to 42.9/22.9 to 27.2 mm Hg in patients with obesity, diabetes, baseline SBP ≥180 mm Hg, and in the elderly. Blood pressure control to <140/90 mm Hg in the age and obesity subgroups ranged from 32.1% to 39.2% while control to <130/80 mm Hg in patients with diabetes was 11.5%. After 1 week of therapy, 72.5% of patients no longer had SBP ≥180 mm Hg; by 7 weeks, 51.3% had SBP 140 to 159 mm Hg and 26.5% had SBP <140 mm Hg. Treatment was well tolerated regardless of the subgroup. No excess of prespecified events was noted. Thus, initial treatment with irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide was rapidly effective in high‐risk, difficult‐to‐treat, severely hypertensive patients.
Resolving conflicts in fire management using decision theory: asset‐protection versus biodiversity conservation
Authors: Driscoll Don A. , Lindenmayer David B. , Bennett Andrew F. , Bode Michael , Bradstock Ross A. , Cary Geoffrey J. , Clarke Michael F. , Dexter Nick , Fensham Rod , Friend Gordon , Gill Malcolm , James Stuart , Kay Geoff , Keith David A. , MacGregor Chris , Possingham Hugh P. , Russel‐Smith Jeremy , Salt David , Watson James E. M. , Williams Dick , York Alan
Published: April 2010

Agencies charged with nature conservation and protecting built‐assets from fire face a policy dilemma because management that protects assets can have adverse impacts on biodiversity. Although conservation is often a policy goal, protecting built‐assets usually takes precedence in fire management implementation. To make decisions that can better achieve both objectives, existing trade‐offs must first be recognized, and then policies implemented to manage multiple objectives explicitly. We briefly review fire management actions that can conflict with biodiversity conservation. Through this review, we find that common management practices might not appreciably reduce the threat to built‐assets but could have a large negative impact on biodiversity. We develop a framework based on decision theory that could be applied to minimize these conflicts. Critical to this approach is (1) the identification of the full range of management options and (2) obtaining data for evaluating the effectiveness of those options for achieving asset protection and conservation goals. This information can be used to compare explicitly the effectiveness of different management choices for conserving species and for protecting assets, given budget constraints. The challenge now is to gather data to quantify these trade‐offs so that fire policy and practices can be better aligned with multiple objectives.
Miscanthus subgen. Rubimons subgen. nov. (Poaceae) and Miscanthus villosus sp. nov. from southwest Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu Yan‐Chun , Peng Hua
Published: April 2010

Miscanthus subgen. Rubimons (B. S. Sun) Y. C. Liu et H. Peng, a new subgenus of Miscanthus Anderss. (Poaceae) is established and Miscanthus (Rubimons) villosus Y. C. Liu et H. Peng, a new species of this subgenus from southwest Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to M. paniculatus (B. S. Sun) S. L. Chen & Renvoize, but differs mainly by its villous panicle axis, long callus hair, lanceolate lower lemma and the consistently longer awn of the upper lemma.
Mental health status of Japanese‐Brazilian children at Brazilian schools in Japan
Authors: Kondo Shu , Otsuka Koichiro , Sawaguchi Glaucia Tiyomi , Honda Elisa Tatsuko , Nakamura Yosikazu , Kato Satoshi
Published: April 2010

Introduction: Although the mental health of Japanese‐Brazilian children in Japan has become a matter of concern, few studies have employed a psychological approach and no research of these children's mental health has previously been performed at Brazilian schools in Japan.

Methods: The present study used a sample of 241 children aged 4 to 10 years at five Brazilian schools in Japan. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was applied for their guardians and teachers to detect the probable cases of mental disorders. Demographic data of the children were also collected from their guardians and a further analysis was made to determine the risk factors of the probable cases of conduct disorders.

Results: The proportion of probable cases was 0.8% for emotional disorders, 9.1% for conduct disorders, 2.1% for hyperactivity disorders, and 10.0% for any psychiatric disorder. The detected risk factors of conduct disorders were male sex, 8 to 10 years of age, living without a father, and not talking often with their teacher.

Discussion: The proportions of probable cases of mental disorders were not as high compared to general prevalence ranges or earlier studies. Considering the school and home situation of the children, living without a father seemed to be the foremost risk factor of conduct disorders.
Character tables of the maximal parabolic subgroups of the Ree groups 2F4(q2)
Authors: Himstedt Frank , Huang Shih-Chang
Published: April 2010

We compute the conjugacy classes of elements and the character tables of the maximal parabolic subgroups of the simple Ree groups 2F4(q2). For one of the maximal parabolic subgroups, we find an irreducible character of the unipotent radical that does not extend to its inertia subgroup.