bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of collection accessions of fiber flax according to flax fiber yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of North-West of the Russian Federation
Authors: Stepin A. D. , Rysev M. N. , Ryseva T. A. , Lisitskaya T. D.
Published: February 2022

Studies on the evaluation of 20 accessions of fiber flax of domestic and foreign selection according to flax fiber yield and adaptability parameters were conducted in 2018-2020 in the conditions of the Pskov region on sod-weakly podzolic light loamy soil. The Dobrynya variety (Russia), the yield of which depending on the year of testing was 215...273 g/m2, was used as standard. The most favorable conditions for fiber flax were in 2018 (Ij = +24.3), and stressful conditions caused by hot and dry weather during the critical period of plant growth and development (GTK = 0.83) - in 2020 (Ij = -30.8). The samples from China V 51267, 97192-79, y 7S12-13, Vuan 2009, M0269-1, wsh2-5-4 were characterized by the highest average fiber yield over the years of testing (259...275 g/m2) and yield under contrasting conditions (254...279 g/m2), with an average varietal of 232 and 230 g/m2, respectively. The varieties Hon Jku 350, Honkei 28 (Japan), L-1 Soglasie х Alfa (Russia), V 51267 (China) showed the lowest yield variability (7.0...10.8 %). The same samples were distinguished by higher stress resistance. According to homeostaticity (Hom), Hon Jku 350 (Japan), L-1 Soglasie х Alfa (Russia), V 51267 (China) were distinguished: 106.9; 98.9 and 52.1, respectively. Highly responsive to growth conditions (bi>1) were samples 97192-79 (1.93), 97192-79-8 (1.88) from China and L-3 Orshansky-2 x Tvertsa (1.74), Nadezhda (1.56) from Russia; plastic - Heiya 8(1.06), 92199-6-5(1.08) (China) and st. Dobrynya (1.01) (Russia), weakly responsive (bi < 1) -L-1 Soglasie х Alfa (Russia), Hon Jku 350, Honkei 28 (Japan). The best in stability (Gd2) samples were Heiya 8 (13) – China; L-3 Orshansky-2 x Tvertsa (26), L-1 Soglasie х Alfa (179), L-2 Voskhod х Zaryanka (182) - Russia; Hon Jku 350 (186) – Japan. According to the yield of flax fiber and the complex of adaptability parameters, based on the ranking, the cultivars L-1 Soglasie х Alfa (Russia), V 51267, wsh2-5-4, 97192-79 (China) with the greatest adaptive potential were identified. They can be used as sources of adaptability when creating new varieties of flax.
Schmallenberg disease: literature review and epizootic situation in the world and in Russia
Authors: Burova O. A. , Zakharova O. I. , Toropova N. N. , Liskova E. A. , Yashin I. V. , Blokhin A. A.
Published: February 2022

Schmallenberg disease is a relatively new viral disease of ruminants that is transmitted by bloodsucking anthropods. The causative agent of Schmallenberg disease is an RNA virus with three genomic segments. The virus is resistant to frequent mutations. Ruminants, especially sheep, cows and goats are susceptible to the disease. First, Schmallenberg disease was reported in Germany in August 2011. In 2012-2013, the infection spread to the most part of Northwestern Europe. Insect vectors were the main mechanism for the spread of the disease. The spread of the disease over long distances was due to the movement of infected breeding cattle. It was in this way that the disease was introduced to Russia in 2012. Consequently, the disease has a high cross-border potential, especially if veterinary rules for the import of imported livestock are not followed. The disease can have a high incidence, but it is characterized by low mortality. The main economic losses include a decrease in productivity, abortions, and disturbances in the process of animal reproduction. Disease control is effectively implemented through vaccination and general quarantine and preventive measures.
Study of breeding numbers of cocksfoot in the conditions of the Komi Republic
Authors: Sharapova I. E. , Kosolapova T. V.
Published: February 2022

Among perennial fodder plants сocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L) is the crop recommended for the creation of earlymaturing herbage in the production of hay and haylage. The article presents the data of a comprehensive assessment in the field of 7 breeding samples of сocksfoot of the second year of use (2020) to identify the most promising ones matched to the soil and climatic conditions of the North. High winter hardiness (4-5 points) of the breeding samples of сocksfoot was noted in the conditions of the Komi Republic in 2019-2020. No disease or pest affection of the plants was noted during the growing season of 2020. The yield of dry matter for two cuttings at the level of the control variant (9.8 t/ha) was provided by cocksfoot samples СН-188, СН-185 and СН-1816 (10.2, 10.0 and 9.3 t/ha, respectively, LSD05 = 1.1 t/ha). The studied cocksfoot samples did not differ significantly and were at the level of the control according to the quality of the fodder mass. During the earing stage a high content of crude protein (13.63…15.10 %) was noted in breeding samples СН-188, 185, 184, 1816, for the control sample this index was 12.18%. The analysis of the seed productivity structure for the studied cocksfoot samples showed that the following samples had increased the control in the length of inflorescences (14.5±0.9 cm) ‒ CH-185 (16.9±1.1 cm), CH-1817 (17.6±1.0 cm), CH-188 (18.7±1.1 cm). According to the weight of 1000 seeds, the breeding samples were slightly inferior to the control (1.26 g, LSD05 = 0.06 g). According to seed productivity, no significant advantages were detected in all studied samples (+2.0...15.8 g/m2) compared with the control (66.4 g/m2, LSD05 = 16.4 g/m2). As the result of the comprehensive assessment the most promising breeding samples of cocksfoot have been noted. They are CH-188, CH-185 (Komi population) and CH-1816 (Finnish population).
The situation in the population of the sunflower downy mildew pathogen in some regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Iwebor M. V. , Antonova T. S. , Araslanova N. M. , Saukova S. S. , Pitinova Yu. V. , Eliseeva K. K.
Published: February 2022

Downy mildew is one of the most spread and harmful diseases of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The aim of the study was to determine the races of the pathogen of the disease of the oomycete Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni in several regions of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Adygeya, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Territory, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Saratov and Rostov regions) and the sensitivity of its isolates to the fungicide mefenoxam. The races were determined using an international standard set of nine sunflower differential lines carrying different genes of resistance to P. halstedii (genes are named Pl). In total, over all the years of research (more than 30 years), 11 P. halstedii races were identified in Russia; the most common of these in recent years have been races 330, 334, 710 and 730. Sunflower lines HA-337, Rha-340 and Rha-419 have also been tested for resistance to the identified races. Sunflower lines 803-1 (Pl5+), Rha-340 (Pl8) and Rha-419 (Plarg) were resistant to all P. halstedii races that have been found in the regions of the Russian Federation. The sensitivity of the pathogen isolates to the fungicide mefenoxam was determined by a laboratory method using sunflower seeds of the universally susceptible to downy mildew VNIIMK 8883 variety treated with the preparation Apron XL, FS (mefenoxam 350 g/l, Syngenta, Switzerland) in accordance with the recommended in the Russian Federation dose (3 l/t of seeds). Mefenoxam-resistant isolates of P. halstedii have been found in the Krasnodar Krai. To protect sunflower crops from downy mildew, it is necessary to select and cultivate genotypes with resistance to the complex of P. halstedii races.
The Impact of Gender on Subjectivity
Authors: Pla Fina
Published: February 2022

This paper provides a reflection on the impact of gender in the construction of masculinity and femininity. Particular attention is paid to how gender stereotypes are created and how they affect people. The contribution of new concepts such as interrelatedness and bonding will be discussed in relation to their impact on psychotherapy. Specifically, ways that Bioenergetic Analysts can benefit from these new approaches and concepts will be provided.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SERVIÇO PARA PESSOAS COM DISTÚRBIOS DO ASSOALHO PÉLVICO
Authors: Sampaio Luis Rafael Leite , de Sousa Francisca Clarisse , Dantas Tays Pires , Pereira Natannael da Silva , de Meneses Lucas Cosmo , Alves Luana de Souza , Souza José Lucas de , Alves Cicera Clareliz Gomes , Rocha Gislaine da Silva , Penha Sarah Emanuelle Matias , Tomé Francisco Vinícius , Alves Francisco Pereira , Moreira Rhuana Alves
Published: February 2022

Objetivo:objetivou-se descrever os procedimentos técnicos operacionais e dados clínicos relacionados à implantação de um programa de atenção à saúde das pessoas com distúrbios do assoalho pélvico em um serviço público de atenção secundária. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência, baseado em vivências relacionadas à assistência acadêmico-profissional na implantação de serviço voltado aos distúrbios do assoalho pélvico na região do Cariri cearense, realizado de maio a julho de 2021. Resultados: para a implantação do serviço, adotaram-se as seguintes estratégias: rastreamento da rede de atenção à saúde da pessoa com distúrbios do assoalho pélvico; estruturação organizacional do serviço; captação de pessoas com disfunções pélvicas; início dos atendimentos; e seguimento terapêutico. Conclusão: face ao exposto, evidencia-se que o programa de atenção à saúde das pessoas com distúrbios do assoalho pélvico pôde ser implantado satisfatoriamente, tendo em vista a infraestrutura, ao expressivo quantitativo de atendimentos realizados e ao seguimento terapêutico alcançado. Assim, com este relato, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos serviços ambulatoriais voltados a essa área de atuação do enfermeiro estomaterapeuta e da equipe multidisciplinar.
Risk Communication and Community Attitude to Corona Virus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors:   University of Medical Sciences Ondo (Nigeria), Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife (Nigeria), University Osogbo (Nigeria), Kwara State University Molete (Nigeria), Adebimpe Wasiu Olalekan , Adeomi Adeleye Abiodun , Adegbore Abidemi Kafayat , Osunmakinwa Olugbenga , Oladejo Abiola Rilwan , Adebimpe Akeem Adebayo , Mohammad Khalid
Published: February 2022

Background: The global community is racing to slow down and eventually halt the spread of COVID-19. The success of the ongoing battle against this pandemic all over the world depends on community knowledge and perception. The objective of this study was to assess risk communication, knowledge and community attitudes to COVID-19 outbreaks in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: Community based descriptive cross-sectional study of risk communication, knowledge and community attitude to COVID-19 prevention and control among 1200 community persons selected using multistage sampling methods. Research instrument was a semi-structure interviewer administered questionnaire, and data analyzed using the IBM SPSS software version 23.0. Findings: Mean age of respondents was 36.0 ± 12.1 years, 735 (61.3%) were females and 465 (38.8%) were males. Majority of the respondents (97.5%) had heard about COVID-19, with the radio (65.2%) and television (60.4%) being the major sources of information. Only 455 (37.9%) think that they can get COVID-19, 738 (61.5%) said they were ready to willingly observe staying indoors or lockdown, only 525 (43.8%) have been putting on face mask. Respondents with good knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms and prevention were 39.6%, 88.7% and 94.5% respectively, while for good perception towards COVID-19 was 72.2%. Predictors of good knowledge of transmission and symptoms of COVID were respondents being above 19 years, being a male and having education level above secondary school. Predictors of good knowledge and perception of prevention and control measures of COVID were respondents being above 19 years, being a female and having education level above secondary school. Conclusion: Good awareness and poor knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, but good knowledge of prevention and good perception were reported among communities in Southwestern Nigeria. Only few believed they could get the disease. This calls for enlightenment campaign and good communication messages directed at the general population.
Features of State Regulation of Cash Register Use in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Batarin Aleksei A.
Published: February 2022

The use of cash registers and its consolidation in the law are the norm for any civilized country in the world. This is due to the need for the state to protect its fiscal interests. The most common tool for controlling the revenue of entrepreneurs selling their goods and services to the public is the use of a cash register. Since the use of cash registers serves precisely the purposes of accounting for the taxable base, the control of the use of cash registers is carried out by the tax service. Consequently, provisions on the use of cash registers, as a rule, are included in tax legislation. However, this does not always happen. The experience of the Kyrgyz Republic in legislative registration of the use of cash registers is, on the one hand, textbook, but on the other hand—unique. The problems of current regulation in this area are related to the uncertainty of the legislative definition of the “use of cash registers” category in the system of relations regulated by the Tax Code of the Kyrgyz Republic. The same applies to the uncertainty in the classification of sanctions norms contained in the Code of the Kyrgyz Republic on offenses. In this regard, the author of this article gives specific recommendations to eliminate existing problems in the field of legislative regulation, including unambiguous identification of the place of the obligation to use cash registers and monitor compliance with such a duty in the system of legislation on taxes and fees, as well as proposals for further improvement of the current legal framework.
Stablecoins As a New Word in the Cryptocurrency Market
Authors:   Moscow Witte University, Moscow 115432, Russian Federation, Gorbacheva Tatiana A.
Published: February 2022

In the past few years, along with the crypto assets market, a new term has appeared: stablecoins. Unlike cryptocurrencies, however, not so much research has been devoted to this topic. The emergence of global stablecoin projects, a significant increase in the volume of investment initiatives, and growth in the number of transactions have forced central banks to seriously pay attention to these in order to ensure financial stability as one of their functions. This topic is undoubtedly relevant due to the novelty of the concept which has appeared. The purpose of this article is to study the economic essence of stablecoins, their types, and the current state of this market. The methods of comparative analysis as well as critical and systematic approach to the study of information are used in the work. Existing ways to define the concept of stablecoins are investigated. The classifications of stablecoins and the main types of the most reliable coins on the market are examined. The current state of the stablecoin market is analyzed. As a result of the study, a number of conclusions have been made. Despite the lack of a legally fixed and generally accepted definition of stablecoins, in general, stablecoins are tokens secured by different types of assets. The economic essence of stablecoins is revealed through the goals of their creation, types of security and stabilization mechanisms, as well as the nature of the relationship between the issuer and the owner of the stablecoin. Over the past three years, the stablecoin market has grown almost fivefold. Such growth means significant penetration into the payment system, and then into the global financial system, which requires the development of international regulatory standards to minimize possible risks and preserve financial stability. The prospects for the development of stablecoins are associated with the creation and promotion of digital currencies of central banks (central securities) and cross-border payments in one or more central securities.
Institutional Structure of the Russian Financial Market: The Need for Regulatory Transformation
Authors:   State Corporation “Deposit Insurance Agency”, Moscow 109240, Russian Federation, Skapenker Oleg M.
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the current state of the Russian financial market’s institutional structure. The main variants of activity combinations of its participants allowed by the law are described. Based on a comparison of the advantages and risks arising from the combination of different areas of work by market participants, proposals are formed to adjust the regulatory requirements for permissible combinations of activities. The purpose of the changes put forward is to increase the efficiency of financial resource redistribution, which, in turn, will provide financing for economic growth of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to consolidate the division of activities of financial market participants into two categories. The first one is systemically important; such organizations should be controlled by the state directly or through a chain of owners. The other one is the rest of the organizations, for which the opportunities for simultaneous work in a large number of areas can be expanded under such conditions. When fully state-controlled companies perform the functions of an exchange, a central depository, a clearing organization and a central counterparty, it seems that the rest of the market participants, without creating significant risks for the market, will be able to combine work in the securities market using their own and clients’ funds, operation as a credit and deposit intermediary or an investment and financial platform, and work in the foreign exchange market and the digital asset market. Improving the efficiency of the financial market may be instrumental in providing the projects and production with the financial resources.
Ethical Considerations for Discrete Choice Experiments with Caregiving Populations
Authors: Illes Judy , Lawson Ashley , McDonald Patrick
Published: February 2022

We discuss challenges experienced with a discrete choice experiment where the lack of sufficient responses to power analysis may have been due to the vulnerability of the population, added caregiving burdens imposed by the pandemic, and an imbalance of benefit-to-load of participation. We also address considerations for the paradigm where the necessarily few testable attributes may limit cultural meaningfulness and generalizability, and bring into question principles of research ethics.
Landslide susceptibility maps of Italy: lesson learnt from dealing with multiple landslide classes and the uneven spatial distribution of the national inventory
Authors: Loche Marco , Alvioli Massimiliano , Marchesini Ivan , Bakka Haakon , Lombardo Luigi
Published: February 2022

Landslide susceptibility corresponds to the probability of landslide occurrence across a given geographic space. This probability is usually estimated by using a binary classifier which is informed of landslide presence/absence data and associated landscape characteristics. Here, we consider the Italian national landslide inventory to prepare slope-unit basedlandslide susceptibility maps. These maps are prepared for the eight types of mass movements existing in the inventory, (Complex, Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation,Diffused Fall, Fall, Rapid Flow, Shallow, Slow Flow, Translational) and build one susceptibility map for each type.The analysis -- carried out by using a Bayeian version of a Generalized Additive Model with a multiple intercept for each Italian region -- revealed that the inventory may have been compiled with different levels of detail. This would be consistent with the datases being assembled from twenty sub--inventories, each prepared by different administrations of the Italian regions. As a result, this spatial inhonomegenity may lead to a biased national--scale susceptibility maps.On the basis of these considerations, we further analyzed the national database to confirm or reject the varying quality hypothesis suggested by the multiple intercepts results. For each landslide type, we then tried to build unbiased susceptibility models by removing regions with a poor landslide inventory from the calibration stage, and used them only as a prediction target of a simulation routine. We analyzed the resulting eight maps finding out a congruent dominant pattern in the Alpine and Apennine sectors.The whole procedure is implemented in R--INLA. This allowed to examine fixed (linear) and random (nonlinear) effects from an interpretative standpoint and produced a full prediction equipped with an estimated uncertainty.We propose this overall modeling pipeline for any landslide datasets where a significant mapping bias may influence the susceptibility pattern over space.
Intimate Pride: A Tri-Nation Study on Associations between Positive Minority Identity Aspects and Relationship Quality in Sexual Minorities From German-Speaking Countries
Authors: Siegel Magdalena , Randall Ashley K. , Lannutti Pamela J , Fischer Melanie S. , Gandhi Yuvamathi , Lukas Raphaela , Meuwly Nathalie , Filep Orsolya , van Stein Katharina R. , Ditzen Beate , Martos Tamas , Schneckenreiter Carmen , Totenhagen Casey , Zemp Martina
Published: February 2022

Investigations into the intimate relationships of sexual minorities are proliferating, but often adopt a deficit-oriented and US-centered perspective. In this tri-nation online study with sexual minority participants from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland (N = 571), we (i) assessed the construct validity of the German version of a well-known measure for positive minority identity aspects (the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual Positive Identity Measure; LGB-PIM), and (ii) explored associations between these aspects (self-awareness, authenticity, community, capacity for intimacy, and social justice) and self-reported relationship quality. Model fit of the German version of the LGB-PIM was deemed acceptable. Higher levels of positive minority identity aspects showed small to moderate associations with higher levels of relationship quality in bivariate analyses, but only capacity for intimacy was linked to relationship quality in higher-order models (controlling for country, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, relationship length, and psychological distress). Results remained robust in several sensitivity analyses. Our results highlight the differential role of positive identity aspects for relationship functioning, with capacity for intimacy as a fruitful leverage point for therapeutic work.
Decisions From Valuations of Unknown Payoff Distributions
Authors: Erev Ido , Roth Yefim , Sonsino Doron
Published: February 2022

Four experiments are presented that clarify the impact of experience on the way people use valuations. In each of the 100 trials of Study 1, participants were asked to choose between the status quo and an unknown binary lottery based on valuations by two expert systems: a well-calibrated “expert” reporting the expected values, and an expert that ignores the low probability outcome and reports the medians (that equaled the modes). The results suggest that experience decreased the inclination to follow the recommendation of the well-calibrated expert. This deviation from maximization appears to reflect two biases: the tendency to follow the expert that has recommended the action that provided higher payoff in most cases, and the tendency to follow the more extreme valuation. Studies 2 and 3 suggest similar reliance on experts that recommend the best choice in most trials, in choices between two payoff distributions, and even when these experts do not provide the median or the mode of the distributions. Study 4 shows that the impact of experts that direct people toward the optimal choice can be increased by exaggeration (inflating the estimated advantage of the payoff maximizing option). However, the long-term impact of exaggeration depends on the proportion of cases in which the optimal choice leads to the best payoff; a lasting positive effect of exaggeration was observed only when this proportion was high. These results can be captured by assuming several “expert weighting rules” and the selection between the rules based on small samples of past experiences.
Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): A pilot randomized controlled trial of an App-based program for mothers of toddlers
Authors: MacKinnon Anna L. , Simpson Kaeley M. , Salisbury Marlee R. , Penner-Goeke Lara , Rioux Charlie , Giesbrecht Gerald , Giuliano Ryan Jeffrey , Lebel Catherine , Protudjer Jennifer , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Soderstrom Melanie , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Roos Leslie E
Published: February 2022

Families have faced unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased maternal mental health problems and barriers to accessing care. Innovative programs are needed to support both maternal mental health and parenting, and to buffer the long-term impacts of stress on young children. Using a patient-oriented approach, our research team co-developed and pilot tested an App-based psychoeducation and social-connection platform: Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM). The co-development process involved a parent advisory board from conceptualization and design, through to direct participation in the program delivery. The BEAM program includes weekly videos and activities based on Unified Protocol therapy modules and emotion-focused parenting strategies, a weekly telehealth group review session, and access to a private online forum for support from other mothers and clinical coaches. A pilot randomized control trial was conducted across two provinces in Canada. 65 mothers of preschool children (aged 18-36 months old), with moderate-to-severe depression (Patient Health Questionaire-9≥10), were allocated to either the 10-week BEAM intervention (n=33) or treatment as usual control (n=32) groups. Participants completed questions about feasibility and acceptability of the program and pre/post self-report measures of mental health, parenting, positive coping and child behavior outcomes. Engagement was relatively high at the beginning of the program, with 78.8% starting the BEAM App and 70.6% attending ≥1 telehealth session. Most respondents felt socially supported, satisfied with the App, and found it easy to use. Data were analysed using mixed models and an intention-to-treat approach. Pre-post results indicated interaction effects with greater reductions in overall mental health problems and specific anxiety and sleep symptoms among BEAM versus control participants, as well as time effects with reductions in depression symptoms across both groups. No significant treatment effects emerged for the other mental health symptoms, parenting problems, positive coping, or child behaviour outcomes. Descriptive data are included to highlight possible areas of promise for future large efficacy trials. Technological difficulties and other challenges that may have led to attrition and impacted outcomes are discussed. The BEAM program has promise as a novel, feasible and acceptable intervention for improving mental health among mothers of young children.
Gender Gaps in Children’s Interest in Leadership Roles
Authors: Vial Andrea , Cimpian Andrei
Published: February 2022

Understanding how children think of leadership may provide important insights on the roots of adult gender gaps in leadership ambition. In three studies, we evaluated children’s anticipation of social support for leaders as well as their own motivation to pursue leadership roles, paying close attention to the way that gender may influence children’s responses. In Study 1, girls expected lower social support for leaders than boys across a variety of contexts involving group activities. In Study 2, girls appeared to be less interested than boys in a novel leader role in the context of a group game, and this difference was especially large among White children younger than 8 years old. In Study 3, we tested whether interest in a leader role could be increased by framing the role in a communal and gender-neutral manner. Results revealed that, regardless of their gender, children were more interested in the leader role in the communal leader condition (vs. control) and anticipated stronger social support and cooperation from others if they were to be the leader, as well as higher self-efficacy as leaders.
Autistic perspectives on the future of clinical autism research
Authors: Pukki Heta , Bettin Jorn , Outlaw Avery , Hennessy Joshua , Brook Kabie , Dekker Martijn , Doherty Mary , Shaw Sebastian C.K. , Bervoets Jo , Rudolph Silke , Corneloup Thibault , Derwent Kylieanne , Lee Onemoo , Rojas Yadira García , Lawson Wenn B. , Gutierrez Monica Vidal , Petek Kosjenka , Tsiakkirou Myria , Suoninen Annikka , Minchin Joanna , Döhle Rainer , Lipinski Silke , Natri Heini , Reardon Emma , Villarreal Giovanna , Platon Ovidiu , Chown Nick , Ayaya Satsuki , Milton Damian , Walker Nick , Roldan Ondrej , Salcedo Bárbara Herrán , Cañedo Citlali Limón , MocCowan Sue , Turner Eleanor Jane , Lammers Jessy , Yoon wn-ho
Published: February 2022

There have been widespread expressions of dissatisfaction among autistic people and communities regarding the recommendations of the Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism.1 The authors of this article discussed the Commission’s report and some wider issues related to autism research in general as a committee of autistic people, the Global Autistic Task Force on Autism Research, comprising autistic professionals and representatives of organisations run by and for autistic people, focusing on advocacy, service provision, education and participatory research. The Commission has been addressed in an open letter that drew attention to some of the points also discussed in this article.
What do I think, what do I do or what do I feel? - The paradigm of cognitive-behavioural therapy
Authors: Inasaridze Ketevan
Published: February 2022

Parents, girlfriends/boyfriends, friends, school, work - in fact, almost everything - at one time or another causes problems for young people. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective way to solve problems by establishing a connection between the three components - what a person thinks, what he or she experiences and what he or she does. The article reviews the general paradigm of cognitive behavioral therapy and describes specific techniques.
Clinical and Therapeutic characteristics of patients with abdominal hernias at the savalou Banté Hospital in Republic of Bénin
Authors:   Register in the Department of General Surgery, University Abomey-Calavi, Benin and Lecturer, Institut Superieur de Techniques Medicales de Kanyamulande, South Kivu Province, DR Congo, Pascal Bugamba Akonkwa , Roger Attolou Setondji Giles ,   Lecturer, Faculte des sciences de la sante du Benin, Republic of Benin., Moϊse Muhindo Valimungighe ,   Register in the Department of General Surgery, University Abomey-Calavi, Benin and Lecturer, Institut Superieur de Techniques Medicales de Kanyamulande, South Kivu Province, DR Congo, Josaphat Paluku Katswere ,   Register in the department of General surgery, General Referral Hospital of Virunga, Goma, DR Congo, Alexis Mupepe Kuba ,   Register in the department of General surgery, UVIRA Hospital, Uvira, South Kivu Province, DR Congo, Ketha Joel Kambale ,   Register in the department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Rwanda, Republic of Rwanda and Lecturer, Faculty of medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, DR Congo, Jack Kumbusa Bwaleso ,   Lecturer, Institut Superieur de Techniques Medicales de Kanyamulande, South Kivu Province, DR Congo, Rodrigue Amini Ntanama ,   Lecturer, Institut Superieur de Techniques Medicales de Kanyamulande, South Kivu Province, DR Congo, Josué Avakoudjo ,   Professor of Urology, Faculte des sciences de la sante du Benin, Republic of Benin, Delphin Mehinto Kuassi ,   Professor of Visceral Surgery, Faculte des sciences de la sante du Benin, Republic of Benin
Published: February 2022

Background: Abdominal hernias are frequent conditions in African’s countries and mostly at Savalou-Bantè Hospital in the Republic of Benin. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of abdominal hernias at Savalou-Bantè Hospital in the Republic of Benin. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out from March 15, 2013 to August 31, 2018 including all patients with abdominal hernia. Results: Out of 146 procedures done in department of surgery at Savalou-Bantè Hospital, 77 were abdominal hernias repair either 56.84%. Inguinal hernia was the commonest (88.76% of cases). Strangulated hernia was the main complication in 17.98% of cases (16/77). Herniorrhaphy was done in all hernias and Bassini technique was used for all cases of inguinal hernia. Mortality was observed in 6.5% (5 patients / 77). The median of staying in hospital was of 4.60 days. We noted a case of recurrence (5.26%). Conclusion: there still a dire need in management of abdominal hernias and hernia repair using mesh is in need. Early consultation will avoid the arising of complications.
Sources of Public Confidence in the Canadian Criminal Justice System
Authors: David Jean-Denis
Published: February 2022

This study examines factors associated with public confidence in the Canadian criminal justice system. It further examines whether interaction with this legal authority leads to varying bases for this confidence. Using data from the 2009 Canadian General Social Survey, this study found that satisfaction with sentencing severity was among the least important sources of confidence. Instead, satisfaction with the extent to which the Canadian criminal justice system provides justice quickly and its ability to determine guilt were the most prominent bases for public confidence. Satisfaction with the extent to which the justice system helps victims and ensures a fair trial for accused persons were found to be intermediate sources of confidence. However, these factors’ relative importance differed to some extent based on previous interactions with this legal authority. This study argues for a need to better inform the public on the workings of the Canadian criminal justice system.
Satisfaction on the Use of Mobility Aids Among Lower Limb Amputees and Impact on Activities of Daily Living in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Yunos Nurulizzatie , Hamzah Siti Aishah , Romli Muhammad Hibatullah , Makhdzir Norafisyah , Aris Aishairma
Published: February 2022

Introduction: This study aims to determine the level of satisfaction on the mobility aids the dependence in activities of daily living among amputees in Bangi, Selangor.
Methods: The data was collected at Pusat Latihan Perindustrian dan Pemulihan (PLPP), Bangi in Selangor, Malaysia, on 55 lower-limb amputees using a cross-sectional design. An instrument used was adapted from Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) and Barthel Index (BI). These two instruments were combined to evaluate the satisfaction of assistive aids used and dependence of activities daily living.
Results: Total mean score of level of satisfaction was 3.99 (95%CI=3.85–4.13) and level of dependence was 85.00 (95%CI=81.28–88.72). The Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to evaluate the association of mobility aids used with level of satisfaction and level of dependence. The results showed there was no significant association between mobility aids used and level of satisfaction. Meanwhile there was a significant association between mobility aids used and dependence (p=0.001). Multiple linear regression test showed the combination of mobility aids used and level of satisfaction was found significantly associated with the level of dependency (p=0.024). The final analysis, when only mobility aids used was included as a single variable (without the combination with the level of satisfaction), it was found statistically associated with the level of independence while the level of satisfaction score is excluded.
Conclusion: Mobility aids used was found no significant association with the level of satisfaction however, user who used cast prosthesis as mobility aids found prothesis provided them more dependency in performing activities daily living. Despite prothesis was found as the most convenience mobility aid, users did not see it as something that can give them satisfaction. This could be because of the mobility aids that provide dependency are not cost-effective. It is recommended that users can get more options to use mobility aids that can provide them dependency, nevertheless the mobility aids must be affordable for them.
Two new species of micropterous Ectrichodiinae from Sichuan, China (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Kerzhner I.M. , Günther H.
Published: February 2022

Two new species of Ectrichodiinae from Sichuan, China are described from single females. Both new species, Parascadra puetzi sp. n. and P. breuningi sp. n., are micropterous. Until now, only macropterous and submacropterous species were known in the group of genera comprising Scadra, Parascadra, Scadrana, and Neoscadra.
The effects of avoiding extended antimicrobial drain prophylaxis on Clostridioides difficile and postprocedural infection rates: a 5-year retrospective
Authors: Marino Alexandria C. , Robinson Evan D. , Durden Jakob A. , Cox Heather L. , Mathers Amy J. , Shaffrey Mark E.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Postprocedural infection is a consequential complication of neurosurgical intervention. Periprocedural antimicrobial prophylaxis is routinely administered to prevent infection, and in some cases, continued for extended periods while surgical drains remain in place. However, there is little evidence that extended antimicrobial administration is necessary to reduce postprocedural infection, and extended antimicrobials can be associated with harm, such as Clostridioides difficile infection. The authors sought to evaluate whether shortening the duration of postprocedural antimicrobial prophylaxis would decrease the incidence of C. difficile infection without increasing the incidence of postprocedural infection.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, two general neurosurgical cohorts were examined. In one cohort, postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis was limited to 24 hours; in the other, some patients received extended postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis while surgical drains or external ventricular drains (EVDs) remained in place. Rates of infection with C. difficile as well as postprocedural infection after surgery and EVD placement were compared.

RESULTS

Seven thousand two hundred four patients undergoing 8586 surgical procedures and 413 EVD placements were reviewed. The incidence of C. difficile infection decreased significantly from 0.5% per procedural encounter to 0.07% with the discontinuation of extended postprocedural antibiotics within 90 days of a procedure. Rates of postprocedural infection and EVD infection did not significantly change. Results were similar in subgroups of patients with closed suction drains as well as cranial and spine subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS

Discontinuation of extended antimicrobial prophylaxis was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of C. difficile infection without a concomitant change in postprocedural infections or EVD-associated infection. This study provides evidence in support of specialtfy-wide discontinuation of extended postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis, even in the presence of closed suction drains.
Understanding the Representation of Pastoralism in Livestock-Related Climate Adaptation Policies in Ghana and Nigeria: a Review of Key Policy Documents
Authors: Tinsley Jonathan H.I. , Gwiriri Lovemore C.
Published: February 2022

Within Nigeria and Ghana, pastoralists face increasing adversity from climate change and marginalisation due to a complex combination of factors, further amplified by highly sensitive and increasingly violent conflicts with farmers. While climate change exacerbates the vulnerability of pastoralists, this remains largely unaccounted for in current Nigerian and Ghanaian pastoral livestock policy. Employing a thematic analytical approach, the article assesses the representation of pastoralists within climate change adaptation strategies in Ghana and Nigeria, and the impact of this on their livelihoods. Our findings indicate that pastoralists are poorly represented in current policy, which is inclined towards transitions to intensive sedentary systems. This risks enhancing the vulnerability of pastoralists to climate impacts by constraining mobility. We conclude that improved clarity on how these policies account for climate change in transitioning pastoral systems into intensive sedentary systems could encourage compliance and buy-in by pastoralists and farmers. It is recommended that future livestock policies address climate change and bolster producer mobility to better support the livelihoods of pastoralists.
Effects of Dabigatran on Dementia Pathogenesis and Neuropsychological Function: A Review
Authors: Ho Bo-Lin , Hsieh Sun-Wung , Chou Ping-Song , Yang Yuan-Han
Published: February 2022

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) carry higher risks of cognitive consequences and psychological burden. An optimal anticoagulant therapy would be expected to better preserve neuropsychological function in addition to effective prevention of stroke and systemic thromboembolism. Objective: The aim of this review is to explore the effects of the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, on cognitive and psychological function as well as dementia pathogenesis. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed/Medline for all types of relevant articles using a combination of dabigatran and associated keywords updated to August 31, 2021. All titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, and potentially relevant papers were collected for inclusion. Results: The pooled results demonstrated neutral to positive impacts of dabigatran on cognitive and psychological outcomes, including laboratory results in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, and reduced incidences of anxiety/depression and dementia for AF patients. Dabigatran also exhibited better therapeutic profiles than warfarin in preclinical and observational research. Conclusion: Given limited strength of evidence from heterogeneous studies, our review proposed modest beneficial effects of dabigatran on neuropsychological function. Further clinical trials are warranted to affirm the pleiotropic protective effects of NOACs on dementia treatment.
Safety culture in emergency medicine: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Alshyyab Muhammad Ahmed , Borkoles Erika , Albsoul Rania Ali , Kinnear Frances B. , FitzGerald Gerard
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Safety culture in Emergency Departments (EDs) requires special attention due to unique operational feature of the ED environment. Which may influence a culture of patients’ safety in the ED.

OBJECTIVE:

To identify the factors that influence patient safety culture in EDs.

METHODS:

A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 12 ED staff was carried out in two Australian EDs. The data was thematically analysed to identify and describe the factors perceived by staff as influencing patient safety culture.

RESULTS:

The findings revealed four super-ordinate themes and 19 categories. The themes were the following: (1) Environmental and Organisational; (2) Healthcare Professional (3) Managerial factors; and (4) Patients factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

Safety culture in the ED is influenced by complex set of factors. The results of this study may help ED workers with improving patient safety culture and healthcare quality in the ED.
Protective effects of yacon syrup powder on colonic interleukin-23 and leukocyte infiltration profile in TNBS-induced colitis mouse model
Authors: Rahmaisyah Dwi , Wasityastuti Widya , Astarini Fajar Dwi , Widasari Dewiyani Indah
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) causes gastrointestinal tract dysregulation and triggers inflammation. Severe inflammatory events often lead to leukocyte infiltration. Yacon is known to have anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential alternative treatment for colitis. AIMS: To investigate colonic Interleukin-23 (IL-23) level and leukocyte infiltration profile in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mouse model treated with yacon syrup powder. METHODS: Thirty male BALB/c mice (5 weeks old, body weight: 30.02±1.28 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (K1-K6). Intra-rectal administration of TNBS was performed to K2-K6 to make the colitis model. K4-K6 were given yacon syrup powder daily for 14 days with the dose of 0.165, 0.331, and 0.662 g/30 g body weight (BW) respectively. IL-23 levels of colonic tissue were measured using ELISA. Leukocyte infiltration profile was calculated through microscopic observation of histology slides and presented in percentage and degree. RESULTS: Significantly different IL-23 levels were observed among the groups (P < 0.001). The percentage and degree of leukocyte infiltration in yacon-treated groups showed a significant decrease compared to colitis groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Yacon syrup powder provides beneficial effects on colitis mice by lowering the IL-23 level and number of leukocytes at the inflammation site.
A systematic review of how adherence to caregiver facilitated therapeutic activities for children are assessed and reported in published research
Authors: Alonge Victor O. , Kostaki Angeliki
Published: February 2022

This systematic review assessed four measurement properties of measures (instruments) used by researchers to assess adherence to caregiver facilitated therapeutic activities (CFTA) for children in published research. The measurement properties considered in this systematic review were dyadic considerations, interpretability, reliability, and validity of the instruments used to assess adherence or compliance. Two databases (http://www.pubmed.gov and EMBASE) were searched for studies that reported adherence or compliance to CFTA prescribed by physiotherapists or occupational therapists or speech and language therapists. Papers included in this review were those that studied children less than 18 years old and or their primary caregivers. Data were extracted by the authors using a data extraction table adapted from the work of Bollen and colleagues (2014) and by rating the measurement properties of the adherence measures identified based on predefined rating criteria (see supplementary file and Table 1 respectively). The authors relied only on the published research articles and any associated published supplementary files/data. None of the 40 adherence instruments identified wholly fulfilled all the criteria of the four measurement properties assessed. The results of this systematic review show that the measures used by researchers for assessing adherence to CFTA generally lack validity, reliability, and dyadic considerations.