bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ekonomi Indonesia Tahun 1950-an dan Penguasaan Negara terhadap Perusahaan Kereta Api Pasca KMB 1949
Authors: Wardodjo Waskito Widi
Published: June 2019

The prominent feature of the Indonesian economy in the 1950s was the dualistic nature that shows a division between the modern and subsistence traditional agriculture sector. The modern economy sector was the major industry controlled by Dutch companies. The focus of this research is to briefly describe the government's economic program as a new sovereign state such as the Benteng program. There are some major research problems which should be analyzed; (1) The Indonesian government's economic nationalization strategy to change the economic structure that is still controlled by the colonial; (2) The state's effort to nationalize Dutch companies, especially railway companies. There were eleven railway companies that were affected by the nationalization policy. The results show that both state-owned and private-owned railway companies were affected by nationalization eventually accepted the policy as a consequence of a sovereign state with certain compensation. It happened after going through quite a dynamic diplomacy.
To Be a Blood Donor or Not to Be? Investigating Institutional and Student Characteristics at a Military College
Authors: Jiang Bing , Allen Samuel K.
Published: June 2019

Using data from 21 voluntary blood drives over a five-year period, we establish connections between undergraduate students’ blood donation behaviors and their demographic, academic, leadership, and military characteristics at a military college in the United States. We find that blood donation participation rates for students at this military college are much higher than the national average for the 18- to 24-year-olds. Certain characteristics such as fitness, athletic status, academic performance, and intent to pursue a military career after graduation are significantly correlated with blood donation. We also find that college students’ blood donation behaviors may be influenced by their attitudes toward civic responsibility, time constraints, incentives, peer effects and the characteristics of blood collection agencies. This study provides new insights into individual characteristics that correlate with blood donation. It also highlights the role of unique military education and institutional characteristics in promoting better fitness, the pursuit of a military career, and selfless service among young people, all of which might help explain demonstrated higher blood donation participation than their peers elsewhere.
Displacement Reliability Analysis of Submerged Multi-body Structure’s Floating Body for Connection Gaps
Authors: He Kongde , Ali Fadzi , Md Borihan
Published: June 2019

Aiming at the problem of systems’ dynamic characteristics’ randomness caused by connection gaps of submerged multi-body structures, a stochastic and uncertainty dynamical model were formulated for connection gaps and dynamic elongation of mooring cables. This model considered sag effect caused by light, soft and low damping characteristics of mooring cables and their dynamic elongation under the impact of flow field and connection gaps. The equivalent elastic modulus method was used to modify the sag effect. The Newmark-β method was used to solve the problem. Calculation results showed that the average value and peak value of floating body displacement caused by uncertainty of gap contact states are larger than those of ideal articulated states. The reliability of floating body’s displacement with gap contact will be reduced to different extents and the reliability of displacement in velocity direction changes greatly, especially perpendicular to flow field. When studying multi-body structures, randomness of contact state should be considered to reduce the dispersion of clearance and improve dynamic performance.
Material characteristics of random glass-mat-reinforced thermoplastic under cryogenic thermal cycles
Authors: Park Kwang-Jun , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Seul-Kee , Heo Haeng-Sung , Bae Jin-Ho , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: June 2019

In this study, cryogenic (77 K) to ambient (293 K) thermal shocks are induced to investigate the material behavior and failure characteristic of a random glass-mat-reinforced thermoplastic (GMT). The GMT has numerous advantages such as robust thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, and good impact resistance. Hence, the GMT serves as an insulation material in liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier-cargo containment systems (CCSs). In this study, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 cryogenic thermal cyclic shocks (77 K to 293 K) were applied to the fabricated GMT samples. The time for each cycle was 40 min, and it took up to approximately four months to completely apply the thermal cyclic shock to the specimens. The elongation, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the testing samples obtained from the stress–strain relationship and morphologies were investigated in terms of the number of thermal cyclic shocks and strain rate. Finally, explicit formulae were proposed considering the parameters such as material properties and number of cryogenic thermal cycles to predict the material capabilities under arbitrary loading rates and cryogenic thermal cycles. It was confirmed that the degradation and defects increased with an increase in the number of cryogenic thermal cycles.
Anisotropic Behavior of Bituminous Mixtures in Road Pavement Structures
Authors: Nguyen Quang Tuan , Pham Nguyen Hoang , Di Benedetto Hervé , Sauzéat Cédric
Published: June 2019

The compaction of bituminous mixture during road pavement construction induces anisotropic properties. However, bituminous mixture is generally considered isotropic. This article presents the investigations on the anisotropic behavior of a bituminous mixture in a road pavement structure. A pavement block (55 by 46 by 28 cm) was sawn and extracted from a highway in France. Cylindrical specimens were cored and sawn from the middle layer of this block in three directions: longitudinal direction I, vertical direction II, and transversal direction III. Complex tension/compression modulus tests were performed at the University of Lyon/Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat (ENTPE) laboratory to investigate the anisotropic behavior of the bituminous mixture. These tests consist in measuring axial stress and radial strains when sinusoidal axial strain, with an amplitude lower than 10−4 m/m, was applied on the specimen. Tests were performed on the specimens cored in Directions I, II, and III at nine temperatures and six frequencies. For each specimen, the complex modulus E* and complex Poisson’s ratios ν* in two perpendicular diameter directions were measured. Thus, the complex modulus in the three directions (EI*, EII*, and EIII*) and six complex Poisson’s ratios (νI-II*, νI-III*, νII-I*, νII-III*, νIII-I*, νIII-II*) could be obtained and investigated. The Time Temperature Superposition Principle was verified for both the norm and phase angle of E* and ν*. The anisotropic properties of material were studied by comparing the three E* and six ν*. The obtained results reveal an anisotropic behavior of the bituminous mixture. The different E* and ν* respected the Time Temperature Superposition Principle with the same shift factor. In addition, the rheological tensor was shown to be symmetric. The experimental results were simulated using the anisotropic three-dimensional version of the “2 Springs, 2 Parabolic elements and 1 Dashpot” (2S2P1D) linear viscoelastic model. A unique normalized curve can be considered for E* and ν*. The stability of the material behavior was also investigated within the tested frequency–temperature range.
Improvement of Solar Distiller Productivity by a Black Metallic Plate of Zinc as a Thermal Storage Material
Authors: Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Haoua Boubaker Ben , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , El Hadi Attia Mohammed , El-Maghlany Wael M.
Published: June 2019

The lack of drinking water is a real global problem. Transforming polluted water into freshwater is another problem. Solar distillation seems a simple and economical solution to this problem, but the yield of a solar still is low, and this poses another problem. One of the best ways to improve the productivity of freshwater from solar energy is to incorporate sensible heat energy storage materials; i.e., the temperature elevation of a material allows for the storage of energy, and that is exactly the purpose of our work. Two similar solar distillers were exposed to the sun in May 2017 under the same weather conditions. Distiller Dc is retained as a reference and distiller Ds contains in its basin a black plate of zinc 48 by 48 cm with a thickness of 0.2 cm. This plate is used as a sensitive thermal storage material to improve the productivity of our device. The results of this simple and inexpensive technique have improved the productivity of distiller Ds by 1.54 times compared with the conventional Dc still. Thus, this technique increases the productivity of the distiller and participates in solving a technical problem affecting the solar still.
Neither Cue Familiarity nor Semantic Cues Increase the Likelihood of Repeating a Tip-of-the-Tongue State
Authors: Oliver L. Kathleen , Li Timmie , Harley Jonathan J. , Humphreys Karin R.
Published: June 2019

Psycholinguistic and metacognition researchers mostly disagree on what constitutes a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state. Psycholinguists argue that TOT states occur when there is a transmission of activation failure between the lemma and phonology levels of word production (e.g., Burke, MacKay, Worthley, & Wade, 1991). Metacognition researchers argue that the TOT state is better described as a subjective experience caused by a mechanism that assesses the likelihood of recall from memory. One sub-hypothesis of the metacognitive account of TOT states is the cue familiarity hypothesis, which suggests that a TOT state may occur when cues elicit a feeling of familiarity (Metcalfe, Schwartz, & Joaquim, 1993). We conducted three experiments to evaluate the cue familiarity hypothesis of TOT state etiology. Experiment 1 included a test-retest TOT task with identical definitions (i.e., cues that should elicit familiarity) versus alternative definitions. TOTs were as likely to repeat for alternative definitions across test and retest as identical definitions, which is inconsistent with the cue familiarity hypothesis. Experiment 2 included the same task layout as Experiment 1, but we used very different cues (pictures versus descriptions for famous people). Again, we found that TOTs tended to repeat regardless of whether or not prompts were identical. In Experiment 3, we presented either a picture and description simultaneously or a description only on the first test, followed by a description only on retest. We found that giving participants an extra semantic cue did not change the probability of repeating a TOT state. These findings suggest that repeated TOT states do not occur due to cue familiarity nor is the locus of the TOT state at the semantic level of the word production/word recall system. Therefore, we argue that the results point towards a success of lemma access, but then failure of the lemma-to-phonology mappings.
Impacts of obesity, maternal obesity and nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on sperm quality in mice
Authors: Youngson Neil A , Uddin G Mezbah , Das Abhirup , Martinez Carl , Connaughton Haley S , Whiting Sara , Yu Josephine , Sinclair David A , Aitken R John , Morris Margaret J
Published: June 2019

Male fertility and sperm quality are negatively impacted by obesity. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that male offspring from obese rat mothers also have reduced sperm quality and fertility. Here, we extend work in this area by comparing the effects of both maternal obesity and offspring post-weaning diet-induced obesity, as well as their combination, on sperm quality in mice. We additionally tested whether administration of the NAD+-booster nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can ameliorate the negative effects of obesity and maternal obesity on sperm quality. We previously showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NMN can reduce the metabolic deficits induced by maternal obesity or post-weaning dietary obesity in mice. In this study, female mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks until they were 18% heavier than a control diet group. Thereafter, HFD and control female mice were mated with control diet males, and male offspring were weaned into groups receiving control or HFD. At 30 weeks of age, mice received 500 mg/kg body weight NMN or vehicle PBS i.p. for 21 days. As expected, adiposity was increased by both maternal and post-weaning HFD but reduced by NMN supplementation. Post-weaning HFD reduced sperm count and motility, while maternal HFD increased offspring sperm DNA fragmentation and levels of aberrant sperm chromatin. There was no evidence that the combination of post-weaning and maternal HFD exacerbated the impacts in sperm quality suggesting that they impact spermatogenesis through different mechanisms. Surprisingly NMN reduced sperm count, vitality and increased sperm oxidative DNA damage, which was associated with increased NAD+ in testes. A subsequent experiment using oral NMN at 400 mg/kg body weight was not associated with reduced sperm viability, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction or increased NAD+ in testes, suggesting that the negative impacts on sperm could be dependent on dose or mode of administration.
Photoelectric Properties of SiGe Films Covered with Amorphous- and Polycrystalline-Silicon Layers
Authors: Shmid V. , Podolian A. , Nadtochiy A. , Korotchenkov O. , Romanyuk B. , Melnik V. , Popov V. , Kosulya O.
Published: June 2019

The deposition of thin layers of amorphous (a-Si) or polycrystalline (poly-Si) silicon onto the Ge0.25Si0.75 film already covering the surface of a crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer is found to significantly reduce the magnitude of the negative surface photovoltage (SPV) generated in the Ge0.25Si0.75 film. At the same time, if the light penetration depth is sufficiently large, so that light penetrates into both the deposited layers and the near-surface region in the Si substrate, a positive SPV is observed within time intervals exceeding 10–20 мs after the light pulse terminates. It is also found that the saturation of the a-Si layer in the a-Si/Ge0.25Si0.75/c-Si heterostructure results in a substantial (by a factor of six) growth of the positive component of the SPV signal. This effect can be used while developing efficient solar components on the basis of a-Si/GexSi1−x/c-Si heterostructures.
Hydroxyurea Use for Sickle Cell Disease Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children
Authors: Brousseau David C. , Richardson Troy , Hall Matt , Ellison Angela M. , Shah Samir S. , Raphael Jean L. , Bundy David G. , Arnold Staci
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:

Recent publications should have resulted in increased hydroxyurea usage in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that hydroxyurea use in children with SCD increased over time and was associated with decreased acute care visits.

METHODS:

This was a secondary analysis of the Truven Health Analytics–IBM Watson Health MarketScan Medicaid database from 2009 to 2015. The multistate, population-based cohort included children 1 to 19 years old with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or 10th Revision diagnosis of SCD between 2009 and 2015. Changes in hydroxyurea were measured across study years. The primary outcome was the receipt of hydroxyurea, identified through filled prescription claims. Acute care visits (emergency department visits and hospitalizations) were extracted from billing data.

RESULTS:

A mean of 5138 children each year were included. Hydroxyurea use increased from 14.3% in 2009 to 28.2% in 2015 (P < .001). During the study period, the acute-care-visit rate decreased from 1.20 acute care visits per person-year in 2009 to 1.04 acute care visits per person-year in 2015 (P < .001); however, the drop in acute care visits was exclusively in the youngest and oldest age groups and was not seen when only children enrolled continuously from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a significant increase in hydroxyurea use in children with SCD between 2009 and 2015. However, in 2015, only ∼1 in 4 children with SCD received hydroxyurea at least once. Increases in hydroxyurea were not associated with consistently decreased acute care visits in this population-based study of children insured by Medicaid.
Knowledge and use of biocultural diversity by Nahua in the Huasteca region of Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Santillán Tania Vianney , Moreno-Fuentes Ángel , Sánchez-González Arturo , Sanchez-Rojas Gerardo
Published: June 2019

The Huasteca region of Mexico is one of the most biologically and culturally diverse in the country. In this study, we set out to identify and analyze biodiversity knowledge and use by two indigenous nahua communities located in two types of vegetation (tropical semi-evergreen forest [TSEF] and montane cloud forest [MCF]). The fieldwork was carried out from January 2011 to December 2012, and ethnobiological information was collected by combining the ethnographic percentage sampling method (10%) and the snowball method, applying multiple freelists to 125 informants. The ethnobiological data was analyzed using indices adapted from measures of ecological diversity, and multivariate methods. In the two communities, 409 ethnospecies were identified, corresponding to a total of 383 species. The TSEF contained greater ethnospecies richness than the MCF. Eleven use categories were identified, the most important being consumption (edible) uses. In general, the local people have considerable knowledge of the biological diversity in their territory. We found that vegetation types influence local knowledge; however, there are similarities between communities in the same cultural group and located in the same geographical region.
Der Beginn der institutionalisierten Literatur in Ungarn: Die Gesellschaften der Intellektuellen im Mittelalter und in der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Markó Anita
Published: June 2019

Die ungarische Literaturgeschichte weist zahlreiche enge oder lose literarische Kreise und Schriftstellergruppen auf, die im 18. Jahrhundert den Beginn des modernen Literaturlebens kennzeichneten. Die bisherige Fachliteratur sagt, dass die ersten relevanten Zentren des ungarischen (und ungarisch geschriebenen) Literaturlebens erst in den schon hierarchisierten, akademischen und literarischen Kreisen und Salons im 18. Jahrhundert zu orten sind. Meine Forschungen führen mich hingegen zu der Erkenntnis, dass dieses Bedürfnis nach einem organisierten literarischen Leben schon im 15. Jahrhundert auftritt. Das Ziel meiner Arbeit ist es, den Beginn dieser frühen Gruppierungen, die sich von der der Aufklärungszeit natürlich unterschieden, zu erforschen. Die Forschung behandelt die Frage, welche Kontakte die Netzwerke des literarischen Lebens definierten und zuletzt was für ein Modell diese Kollektive gebildet haben. Mein Ausgangspunkt ist, diese frühen Gruppen als kulturelle Knotenpunkte zu sehen. Um den vorliegenden Quellenkorpus analysieren zu können, möchte ich die Methoden der Netzwerkforschung verwenden, und diese führt mich zu der Frage, wie wir diese Gesellschaften als ein Netzwerk, also in einem Graph visualisieren und analysieren können, um dadurch neue Informationen über die Wirkung und die Identität der Literaten zu erhalten. Mit diesem Forschungsbericht möchte ich die wichtigsten Überlegungen, den theoretischen und methodischen Rahmen des interdisziplinären Projekts darstellen.
Walter Rauscher: Die fragile Grossmacht. Die Donaumonarchie und die Europäische Staatenwelt 1866–1914. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2014
Authors: Pakhomova Lidia
Published: June 2019

Die Rezension untersucht das Buch des österreichischen Historikers Walter Rauscher „Die fragile Großmacht. Die Donaumonarchie und die europäische Staatenwelt 1866–1914“. Rauscher rekonstruiert die außenpolitische Geschichte der Habsburger Monarchie anhand zahlreicher Archivdokumente aus Österreich, Ungarn, Tschechien, Deutschland, Großbritannien, Frankreich, Italien und der Schweiz. Die einzigen dem Forscher unzugänglichen Quellen blieben dabei die Russischen.

Der Historiker analysiert in chronologischer Reihenfolge die Politik jedes Außenministers der Donaumonarchie von 1866 bis 1914. Rauscher betrachtet die außenpolitischen Widersprüche der Donaumonarchie in Verbindung mit ihren inneren Problemen. Fast jedes für die österreichisch-ungarische Außenpolitik wichtige Thema betrachtet der Autor im Kontext der Arbeit von Delegationen – die Außenpolitik war Teil des innenpolitischen Kampfes, ein Thema, das in Parlamenten, Wahlprogrammen, Partei- und innerparteilichen Streitigkeiten diskutiert wurde – sowie angesichts der komplexen Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Ländern und Nationalitäten. Rauscher weist zwar auf wichtige Phänomene und Tendenzen hin, bringt jedoch keine theoretische Grundlage dafür. Offensichtlich hatte der Historiker nicht das Ziel, den Gegenstand seiner Forschung zu schematisieren und zu vereinfachen. Der Autor betrachtet die Außenpolitik von Österreich-Ungarn und dessen Beziehungen zu anderen Ländern in ihrer ganzen Vielfalt.

In seinem zweibändigen Werk zeigte der Forscher, wie die große und schwierige Arbeit an der Aufrechterhaltung eines multinationalen Staates im Endeffekt zur Vorbereitung seines Zusammenbruchs wurde.
Maria Theresa’s Urbarial Patent: Royal Conscience and Enlightened Habsburg Economic Policy
Authors: Kurucz György
Published: June 2019

This paper is intended to shed some light on several aspects of Queen Maria Theresa’s urbarial regulation introduced in the Kingdom of Hungary after 1767. The author argues that her chief councillor’s, Count Kaunitz’s stance on the tax free status of the Estates of the Kingdom of Hungary largely influenced the Queen’s attitude to the Hungarian nobility, but her motifs of being compelled to protect the peasantry against seigneurial excesses were truely based on her Christian consience as well. At the same time, he also argues that the process of elaborating on a system of peasant rights and obligations towards their landlords were quite revealing of the discontent mood of contemporary Hungarian society. Finally, the paper conludes that the various provisions of the urbarial regulation of 1767 worked out by the Queen’s councillor on Hungarian affairs, Pál Festetics, had long lasting effects on the evolvement of Hungary’s land ownership rights even after the abolition of feudalism in 1848.
Brève histoire de l’évolution du roman d’artiste hongrois depuis ses commencements jusqu’au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles
Authors: Gergye László
Published: June 2019

La notion d’esthétisme, dessinant le profil conceptuel des romans d’artiste, a commencé à s’inscrire dans les mentalités européennes au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle. C’est dans la fameuse préface de Mademoiselle de Maupin que Théophile Gautier a écrit qu’« il n’y a de vraiment beau que ce qui ne peut servir à rien ». (Gautier 1880: 22, Angyalosi 2013: 400) La philosophie de la vie et de l’art qui était alors en train d’émerger affecta tout le continent, plaçant l’apparence esthétique au sommet de la hiérarchie de l’existence humaine. Cette attitude était, en outre, renforcée par l’approche innovatrice des philosophies kierkegaardienne et schopenhauerienne. Pour la première fois, avec la perception romantique de la vie et de l’art, une vision esthétique du monde prenait forme en une sorte de programme d’action. Or ses racines remontaient au XVIIIe siècle. En effet, c’est dans le contexte du néoclassicisme qu’était né l’idée d’absolutisation de la beauté en tant que refuge, ce qui devait évidemment entraîner une perception nouvelle du rôle de l’artiste. Dans cet article, je tenterai de présenter brièvement le processus au cours duquel, dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, l’esthétisme dans la littérature hongroise – à peine esquissé à l’ère des réformes – s’est développée dans un nouveau genre: celui du “roman d’artiste” et de la “nouvelle d’artiste”.
PERRY, David. Spirit Baptism: The Pentecostal Experience in Theological Focus
Authors: Chike Chigor
Published: June 2019

PERRY, David. Spirit Baptism: The Pentecostal Experience in Theological Focus. Leiden: Brill, 2017. 276pp. ISBN: 9789004335929. £33.91.
How to compose a narrative
Authors: Thorsten Anja
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to contribute knowledge on children’s narrative writing from a pedagogical perspective. Through analyses of nine- to ten-year-old students’ narrative writing, aspects that are critical to discern in order to write narratives with a well-developed plot are formulated. The theoretical framework is narratology theories and Variation Theory. Narratology provides a conceptual framework for describing narrative writing, while Variation Theory offers a pedagogical perspective. A total of 80 narratives written by students have been analyzed, and five qualitatively different approaches to writing were seen. Narrative writing can be approached as describing events, solving a problem, creating action, making jokes and composing a narrative. A comparison between these approaches revealed five aspects that are critical for children to discern in order to develop the ability to write narratives: the discernment of a reader, the function of a narrative, the narrative structure, coherence, and duration. These aspects can be discerned in a more or less powerful way. The study contributes to the field by offering teachers guidance in what aspects are critical to address when teaching narrative writing in school.
Fertility and Religiosity in Russia: Assessing Interaction
Authors: Sigareva Eugenia , Sivoplyasova Svetlana
Published: June 2019

The present study is devoted to the definition of the role of religion in the formation of reproductive behavior and attitudes of the population of the Russian Federation. Within the study the authors found out that the issue of religiosity of the population and its impact on reproductive behavior are widely discussed both in the scientific community and among the spiritual leaders of various faiths. The significance of the religious factor is greatly exaggerated. In this regard, the authors tried to find objective, statistically significant and comparable parameters to assess the level of religiosity of Russian society and its impact on the reproductive behavior of the population. First of all, the authors assessed dynamics of the number of religious organizations. This is an indirect indicator of the level of spread of different religions in the country. The analysis showed an increase in the number of religious organizations, which may indirectly indicate an increase in the religiosity of the population. In addition, to assess the impact of religiosity on the reproductive behavior of the Russian population, an original approach was used, which is an analysis "from the opposite". On the basis of statistical data on the level of the total fertility rate in the regions of the country, two groups of subjects were formed – with the highest and the lowest levels of this indicator. Further, in the selected regions, the authors made an attempt to assess the level of religiosity. However, the study was conducted not within a group of believers, but a group of atheists. The results of the analysis showed that the level of religiosity of the younger generation of Russians has very little effect on their reproductive attitudes. Moreover, on the basis of indicators of the number of religious organizations in the subjects of Russia, the proportion of persons professing a particular religion in the total population of the regions and the total fertility rate for 2011-2016 were carried out correlation and regression analyses, which confirmed the weak relationship between the level of religiosity and fertility in modern Russia.
“Grandmothers-Online”: The Socio-Political Activity of the Elderly
Authors: Kranzeeva Elena
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to understanding the prospects of changing the social and political activity of elderly people in the process of mastering computer technology. The analysis of suggested Government resolutions and state programs showed that they are aimed at the active involvement of this age group in the Internet space (for example, the project "e-Government", etc.). The author notes that the social status of elderly people is associated with previous experience and depends on such factors as: level of education, marital status, income, territory of residence, occupied place in the socio-professional structure before retirement, previous status and prestige of profession. In Russia, every year there are more and more elderly Internet users: for them there are numerous courses of computer literacy, championships in computer all-around, etc. Using the Internet they have a clearly expressed request, determined by the actual daily interest. In older age, there is such a phenomenon as retro socialization, which manifests itself as the development of computer technology in an attempt to use their life experience and combine it with new skills. The author emphasizes the importance of the ability to carry out planned actions in the Internet space independently for this age group of users. Confident use of computer technology gives older people a sense of independence. The author notes that the development of computer technology by elderly people leads to increased social activity. In this paper, she analyzes the interviews of aged users posted on the website "Internet and elderly people", highlightes the following opportunities for the use of computer technology by elderly people: selfrealization of interests; enhanced communication capabilities, maintaining social relations; search for the necessary information; limiter (time, real contacts, reliability of facts). The author emphasizes that the political activity of the older generation remains poorly studied despite the fact that this age group is an active part of the electorate. The researcher concludes that the political activity of elderly people may increase with the use of computer technology. Specific age characteristics, the ability to express "political through personal" can be realized through the interest in solving the problems of life of local communities, the desire to unite, solidarity.
La gestión de megaeventos desde la perspectiva de distintos stakeholders: un análisis exploratorio sobre voluntarios
Authors: Fayos Teresa , G.Gallarza Martina , Servera David , Floristán Elena
Published: June 2019

Asistimos a un creciente interés académico en el estudio de los eventos. Sin embargo esos estudios se centran principalmente en el análisis de eventos deportivos o culturales y en menor medida en eventos religiosos, a pesar de su potencial de estudio para la gestión y la investigación. Con el presente trabajo buscamos mejorar el conocimiento de los eventos y profundizar en las particularidades de la gestión de voluntarios,  stakeholder clave en megaeventos religiosos. Para ello utilizamos una doble metodología cualitativa: entrevistas en profundidad con gestores, combinadas con dinámicas de grupo con voluntarios; todos ellos stakeholders de la XXIV Jornada Mundial de la Juventud celebrada en Madrid. Los resultados obtenidos ilustran la complejidad del proceso de captación, formación y organización de los voluntarios; al tiempo que permiten conocer mejor las motivaciones, intereses y características de los voluntarios de este tipo de eventos.
La tecnología en la evolución del marketing
Authors: Peñaloza Marlene
Published: June 2019

Tradicionalmente el marketing ha hecho uso de la investigación de mercados, la promoción y la distribución para desarrollar sus actividades. Sin embargo el avance tecnológico ha puesto a disposición de esta disciplina medios que han propiciado cambios en el comportamiento de los consumidores, en las relaciones de poder empresa frente al cliente, así como en los modos para realizar la función mercadotécnica que conllevan a su evolución. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo interpretar el papel que ha desempeñado la tecnología en la evolución de esta disciplina a la luz de los cambios que se observancon el e-marketing. Con tal propósito se hace una revisión de la literatura partiendo de algunos antecedentes, del impacto de la mecanización en las actividades mercadotécnicas, hasta llegar al e-marketing. Se concluye que aun cuando el progreso tecnológico ha llevado a cambios paradigmáticos que exigen nuevos modos de explorar, crear y distribuir valor para los clientes en mercados digitalizados y de estructuras empresariales flexibles,no ha trastocado sus cimientos ni suplantado al cliente como figura central. Por el contrario, todo indica que bien sea en mercados online u offline, el marketing, en esencia, es un asunto de clientela donde la tecnología es un medio para satisfacer mejor al cliente y agregar valor a la relación.
Mixed Signals: Investment Distortions with Adverse Selection
Authors: Darst R. Matthew , Refayet Ehraz
Published: June 2019

We study how adverse selection distorts equilibrium investment allocations in a Walrasian credit market with two-sided heterogeneity. Representative investor and partial equilibrium economies are special cases where investment allocations are distorted above perfect information allocations. By contrast, the general setting features a pecuniary externality that leads to trade and investment allocations below perfect information levels. The degree of heterogeneity between informed agents' type governs the direction of the distortion. Moreover, contracts that complete markets dampen the impact of pecuniary externalities and change equilibrium distortions. Implications for empirical design in credit market studies and financial stability are discussed.
ON THE CALCULATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER UNDER MUTUAL-ACTION OF A JET WITH LIMITING SURFACE
Authors: Pribytkov I. A. , Kondrashenko S. I.
Published: June 2019

The paper proposes a method for calculating convective heat transfer in the interaction of a single circular jet with a flat surface. The differences of the proposed method from the existing ones are given. The concepts “energodynamic potential of the flow” and “energodynamic power of the flow” are introduced, allowing to determine the intensity of convective heat transfer at “gas-solid” boundary. Differences of the proposed definitions from the existing ones are given: heat flux and heat flux density. The principal difference between the heat flux density q and the energy dynamic potential qэ is as follows: the heat flux density q for convective heat transfer problems means the amount of heat that is transferred from a liquid to a solid surface (or vice versa) per unit of time through a unit of heat exchange surface area. Thus, quantity q characterizes the intensity of convective heat transfer process at the interface. The energy dynamic potential qэ characterizes the flow property as a source or carrier of heat. Value of qэ characterizes the specific energy power of the fluid flow. When calculating the heat transfer, it was proposed to divide the jet when interacting with the flat surface into two parts: before the interaction – the jet part, after – the fan flow. The method for calculating convective heat transfer under jet heating, in which the Reynolds criterion calculated by characteristics of the gas at the nozzle exit is decisive, is not entirely correct. It is proposed to use criteria specific to the fan flow. Characteristic values for the fan flow are its initial average velocity Uвп, distance from the critical point of the jet (point of intersection of vertical axis of the jet with the surface) to the current coordinate of radius downstream. To assess the changes in basic characteristics of a free jet at different distances from the nozzle exit to limiting surface, dependences of the following criteria are presented: jet expansion coefficient; jet injection coefficient; velocity coefficient for any jet section; velocity coefficient for any jet section, except h/d0 = 0; relation of the Reynolds criteria, confirming the need to carry out calculations of heat transfer on the values characteristic separately for the fan flow.
STRESSES IN ANVILS OF VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION OF CONTINUOUS CASTING AND DEFORMATION PLANT AT PRODUCTION OF SHEETS FROM STEEL FOR WELDED PIPES
Authors: Lekhov O. S. , Mikhalev A. V. , Shevelev M. M.
Published: June 2019

A comparative assessment of strenuous state of the anvils with and without channels has been carried out for the installation of combined continuous casting and deformation process in the production of steel sheets for welded pipes. The conditions of operation and loading of the anvils of combined continuous casting and deformation process are described. The design of anvil with channels for water cooling and the nature of its loading are given. Using the algorithm for solving problems in the elasticity theory by finite element method, the laws governing the distribution of axial stresses in anvils from the slab reduction force are determined. Effect of the channels for anvils cooling with water on the magnitude and nature of stresses distribution in them from the stress of the slab reduction was estimated. The calculation results of temperature fields and axial and equivalent thermoelastic stresses in anvils with channels are presented for the production process of steel sheets for welded pipes in a combined continuous casting and deformation unit. The article considers regularities of total stresses distribution in anvils with channels. To assess the effect of anvils structure on their stress state, regularities of distribution of thermoelastic and total stresses in strands without channels have been determined. The graph of dependence of thermoelastic stresses in the anvil on temperature of its contact surface is given. Recommendations for choosing the material of the fighters are given. The advantages and disadvantages of the anvils with channels for the unit for combined continuous casting and deformation are described. The parameters of such a pilot installation are presented. The authors also describe the results of an experimental study of the parameters of a combined process at the manufacture installation for continuous casting and deformation of JSC Ural Pipe Plant.
INCREASE OF WIRE STRESS STABILITY DEPENDING ON ANTI-TENSION ACTION WHEN FRICTION COEFFICIENT IS INCONSTANT
Authors: Gur’yanov G. N. , Kalugina O. B.
Published: June 2019

The strain parameters instability causes variable axial stress during the drawing process. Contact friction specification varies in the shortest time and depends on many factors: homogeneity physico-mechanical properties of the processed material along the length of the pulled billet, quality of technological lubrication, stability of tension force of the billet at the entrance of deformation center and cooling intensity of the fiber, suction drums, washers, rollers, etc. To estimate the effect of friction coefficient on stability of drawing force (stress), first derivative with respect to friction coefficient in drawing equation is used. The first derivative dependence on drawing coefficient is constructed for different hardening models and deformation parameters. Action of anti-tension was investigated when drawing on stressed state of a circular continuous profile. Studies have been carried out for simulation models of hardening. In the course of study, it was proved that it is possible to estimate instability of stressed state by the first derivative with respect to magnitude, depending on friction coefficient of the equation that determines drawing stress. For different deformation parameters, the first derivative with respect to friction coefficient is calculated for the equation determining axial drawing stress. A decrease in magnitude of the derivative is shown with an increase in anti-tension, which indicates expediency of drawing with antitension to stabilize drawing force and to reduce fatigue wear of dies working surface. Calculations were performed for different values of friction coefficient for drawing under the conditions of presence and absence of drawing cylinder and slope angle of drawing cone to drawing axis, mechanical properties of the billet for drawing, and for various coefficients of its hardening. The stabilizing effect of drawing cylinder of dies on drawing stresses with an increased friction coefficient is shown. Instability of drawing stress from deviation of nominal value of friction coefficient depends on values of other strain parameters. In conditions of drawing cylinder presence and small amount of deformation in drawing path and smaller initial friction coefficient, change in its magnitude has a greater effect on stability of the stressed state. Increase in drawing stress stability positively affects quality of wire, operational stability of units and drawing-line elements, for example, due to decrease in fatigue wear of die working surfaces, drawing drums, bypass and straightening rollers. Drawing with anti-tension and the use of special drawing tools stabilize stress state in deformation zone.
CONTENT MODIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS DURING LOW-CARBON IF STEEL LADLE TREATMENT
Authors: Gorkusha D. V. , Grigorovich K. V. , Karasev A. V. , Komolova O. A.
Published: June 2019

Development of advanced materials for the automotive industry allows us to produce a lighter body without losing strength characteristics of the structure. It became possible by the creation and subsequent introduction into the production of such steel grades as IF (Interstitial Free) – steel with no interstitial solute atoms to strain the solid iron lattice and IF-BH (Bake Hardening) – steel with hardening during hot drying. The article provides a brief overview of the history of the emergence of IF steel and the current situation in the production of it in Russia. One of the quality criteria for steels of IF grades is purity of the metal by non-metallic inclusions (NMI), which negatively affect the plastic properties of the material, lead to the formation of surface defects of flat rolled products and reduce the manufacturability due to a decrease in the casting speed of steel, as they cause overgrowing of steel casting nozzles. The article presents investigation results of the content, composition, size and morphology of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) in the metal samples taken at all stages of ladle treatment and casting of IF steel grade production using quantitative metallographic analysis, electrochemical dissolution (ED) followed by X-ray microanalysis of isolated inclusions, Auger electron spectroscopy and fractional gas analysis (FGA). As a result of the analysis of inclusions in the studied samples using a scanning electron microscope, according to morphological features, five characteristic types of inclusions were identified, which reduce the performance properties and strength cha racteristics of the materials produced from them. Results of the analysis of nonmetallic inclusions in metal samples obtained by the ED method are in good agreement with the results of the determination of oxide nonmetallic inclusions by the FGA method. The method of fractional gas analysis shows the dynamics of changes in the content of various types of oxide nonmetallic inclusions during the secondary (ladle) treatment of steel. It is shown that application of the FGA method allows to make analysis of causes of the harmful NMI formation in the metal and to correct operations at ladle treatment.
Hizmet Verme Yatkınlığının Duygusal Emek Üzerindeki Etkisinde Duygusal Zekânın Rolü: Kuşadası’nda Beş Yıldızlı Otel Çalışanları Örneği
Authors: ÇOBAN Mehmet , AYTEMİZ SEYMEN Oya
Published: June 2019

Hizmet sektörü işletmelerinde, duygusal zekâ, duygusal emek ve hizmet verme yatkınlığı kavramları, alanyazında giderek daha fazla inceleme konusu olmakla birlikte; sözü edilen değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan çalışmaların son derece sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, hizmet sektöründe ağırlıklı bir yeri olan otel işletmelerinde, işgörenlerin duygusal zekâ, duygusal emek ve hizmet verme yatkınlıkları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ve özellikle duygusal zekânın hizmet verme yatkınlığı ile duygusal emek arasındaki ilişkide nasıl bir etkisi olduğunun ortaya konulmasını amaçlayarak, yazına katkı sağlamaktadır. Kuşadası’nda faaliyet gösteren beş yıldızlı beş otel işletmesinde çalışan 388 işgörene uygulanan anketlerden elde edilen veriler, hizmet verme yatkınlığının derin davranışa etkisinde duygusal zekânın pozitif yönde; kendi duygularını değerlendirmenin pozitif yönde ve duyguların kullanılmasının pozitif yönde düzenleyici etkisinin olduğunu; başkalarının duygularını değerlendirmenin ve duyguların düzenlenmesinin ise anlamlı şekilde düzenleyici etkisinin olmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca hizmet verme yatkınlığının yüzeysel davranışa etkisinde duygusal zekânın ve alt boyutlarının düzenleyici etkilerinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın alanyazına en büyük katkısının işgörenlerin duygusal zekâ seviyesinin artırılması ile işgörenlerin daha fazla derin davranış göstermesine doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak katkı sağlanabileceğini ortaya koymasıdır. Derin davranış göstermede duygusal zekânın etkisi olmasından dolayı, işletmeler tarafından duygusal zekâ seviyesi yüksek işgörenlerin işe alınmasının veya işgörenlere duygusal zekâyı geliştirici eğitimler verilmesinin işletmeler açısından faydalı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Seyahat Acentelerinin Turist Rehberi Seçim Kriterlerinin Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ILGAZ YILDIRIM Burcu , GÜZEL Özlem
Published: June 2019

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Turist rehberleri, turizm sektörünün merkezinde yer alan çok sayıda işletme arasında mesleki bağ kuran ve turistlerin deneyimlerini zenginleştiren turizm çalışanları olarak diğer mesleklerden farklı birtakım özelliklere sahip olmalıdırlar. Çünkü tur programlarının başarısını büyük oranda turist rehberlerinin sahip olduğu donanım, yetenekler ve beceriler etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın amacı; turist rehberlerinin işe alım süreçlerinde önemli olan kriterlerin belirlenerek daha sonra bu kriterlerin önem derecelerinin tespit edilmesidir. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda öncelikle turist rehberlerinin işe alım kriterlerinin belirlenmesi için alanyazın taraması ile birlikte uzman görüşleri alınarak kriterler elde edilmiştir. Kriterlerin önem düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda turist rehberi seçiminde göz önünde bulundurulan altı adet kriter elde edilmiş ve AHS analizi sonrası bu kriterler arasında önem düzeyi en yüksek olan kriterin mesleki yeterlilik olduğu görülmüştür.
Lisans Eğitiminde Mutfak Zanaatları ve Gastronomi
Authors: TÜTÜNCÜ Özkan
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada ülkemizde gastronomi bölümlerinde verilen lisans eğitimlerinin, gastronomi tanımından yola çıkılarak sağlıklı bir şekilde yürütülüp, yürütülemeyeceği sorgulanacaktır. Ülkemizde Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokullarının Turizm Fakültesine dönüşmesi sürecinde, bu okullarda yer alan bölümlerin yapılarında ve adlarında da değişimler olmuştur. Bunlardan biri de eskiden Yiyecek-İçecek İşletmeciliği olarak açılan bölümlerin artık Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları olarak yeni fakültelerde yer almasıdır. 2018-19 öğretim yılında öğrenci alan ilgili bölümler incelendiğinde kamu üniversitesinde dört adet Yiyecek-İçecek İşletmeciliği bölümü, 32 adet Gastronomi ve Mutfak Sanatları bölümü ve 33 adet özel üniversitede toplamda 65 adet Gastronomi ve Mutfak sanatları bölümünün olduğu görülmektedir.