bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en Enfermería: un caso a partir de una experiencia clínica simulada
Authors: Pachacama Sangoquiza Johanna E , Saraguro Reyes Jaime Francisco , Reyes Víctor Manuel , Sequera Morales Adriana Gabriela , Davelouis Casana Paula Francisca
Published: December 2024

Se analizó la relación entre los estilos de aprendizaje (EA) y el rendimiento académico (RA) de los estudiantes de Enfermería de un Instituto Tecnológico de la Provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. La pesquisa se realiza a partir de una experiencia clínica simulada. Es una pesquisa cuantitativa, transversal y no experimental, que tuvo un alcance descriptivo, relacional y comparativo. Se seleccionó una muestra censal de 52 sujetos del primer semestre. El EA se determinó con el cuestionario VARK, ampliamente validado psicométricamente y considerado confiable. Se calcularon frecuencias y porcentajes. Las calificaciones fueron clasificadas en 3 niveles. Se diseñaron tablas de contingencia y el contraste de asociación se basó en el test Chi2. La comparación por grupos se realizó con el test Kruskall-Wallis; y el contraste por sexo con el test U-Mann-Whitney. Los resultados revelan que las categorías modales reflejan en conjunto un 65.38%; agrupando a los estilos V (3.85%), A (15.38%), R (26.92%), K (19.23%). Los estilos multimodales fueron minoritarios, reflejando un 34.62%, destacándose el auditivo-kinestésico (AK: 15.38%) y el auditivo-lector/escritor (AR: 7.69%). Los estilos Lector-Escritor-Kinestésico (RK), Visual-Kinestésico (VK) y el Auditivo-Lectorescritor-Kinestésico (ARK), fueron minoritarios. Se identificó que el estilo R fue el que mayor presencia tuvo en las calificaciones muy buenas (12%), a lo que se sumó el estilo K (8%), compartiendo ambos un 12% para la categoría de rendimiento bueno; destacando también el 8% del estilo A; aunque en este nivel fueron superados por el estilo AK (15%). Se evidencia la ausencia de asociación significativa entre los estilos y el RA; y tampoco se identificaron diferencia scon base en el sexo. El modelo VARK ofrece un marco para comprender las autopercepciones con respecto al aprendizaje. Si bien su relación con el RA que no queda clara.
Exploring relationships between learning styles and academic performance in Nursing: a case in tertiary and technological education
Authors: Peñafiel Limaico Sophya Natalia , Sanmartin Sanmartin Johanna Paola , Sequera Morales Adriana Gabriela , Reyes Víctor Manuel , Davelouis Casana Paula Francisca
Published: December 2024

The relationship between learning styles and academic performance (AP) was investigated in first semester students of the Nursing career of a tertiary and technological education institute of the Metropolitan District of Pichincha, Ecuador. The work corresponds to a quantitative research, based on a non-experimental design, under the modality of a case study, which had a relational scope. A probabilistic sample of 107 subjects from the first semester was selected. The questionnaire used was the CHAEA (Alonso et al., 1999), which explores 4 learning styles through 80 items, assigning 20 items per dimension. The responses are dichotomous, assessing the presence or absence of the attribute. The ratings summarizing academic performance (AP) were explored through 4 levels (Insufficient to Very good).   Scores were identified for each style and a calculation of frequencies and percentages by levels was made from the ratings. The association contrast required the design of contingency tables and subsequently the application of Pearson's Chi2 test. The presence of the four learning styles was observed, having higher prevalence Ref-S and Theo-S; both with 103 cases, followed by the Prag-S style. This indicates that students perceive that they learn in a reflective manner, privileging logical thinking, and practical applications and problem solving. No association was found with AP. This differs from what has been reported in the literature, which calls for a review of the contextual elements.
English as a dominant language and the digital culture of the generation Z: the impact on Romanian culture in the European context
Authors: Oanță Rebeca-Maria
Published: December 2024

English is not only the language of European policies and relations, but it is also the language of our films, our art and our culture. For many of us, the English language is an unavoidable tool for navigating the world. Consequently, this paper is focused on the use of English in everyday life with an emphasis on spoken language. This study will make an overview of how much the internet and English have impacted everyday discourse and Romanian culture. The core of the study is the analysis of spoken language within its younger, most digitalized generation, generation Z. This study will primarily focus on how English is used in informal contexts rather than formal. The analysis will serve as a demonstration of English's great dominance on Romanian culture and how it has shaped everyday language into a mixture of internet slang, memes and pop culture. The paper will conclude whether this form of multilingualism is either positive or negative for the development of the younger generation.
Addressing Students’ Lack of Latin Knowledge in Medical Terminology
Authors: Burhonova Guyohon
Published: December 2024

The lack of prior Latin knowledge among medical students presents a significant obstacle to mastering medical terminology, which is fundamental to effective communication in healthcare. Medical terms, predominantly rooted in Latin and Greek, pose challenges for students unfamiliar with the linguistic structure, leading to difficulties in comprehension and retention. This article explores the implications of this educational gap and evaluates strategies to address it. Evidence-based interventions, including etymology-focused teaching, project-based learning, and interdisciplinary integration, have proven effective in enhancing students’ understanding and retention of medical vocabulary. These approaches not only reduce the cognitive burden of memorization but also promote critical thinking and analytical skills essential for medical practice. Integrating these methods early and systematically into medical curricula can significantly improve academic performance, facilitate long-term retention of terminology, and better prepare students for the linguistic demands of clinical environments.
Magnetic Indicators of Economic Agglomeration for Industrial Investment Environment in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Hashim Hariati , Sapri Maimunah
Published: December 2024

Economic agglomeration plays significant roles in uplifting the industrial properties market. The setting includes various magnetic indicators that attract the investors locally and globally. Recent property market reports reveal a significant overhang of unsold industrial properties, highlighting a pressing need to enhance the investment appeal of this sector. Addressing these overhang issues is crucial for revitalizing the industrial properties market and sustaining economic growth. This research aims to identify the magnetic indicators of economic agglomeration within Malaysia’s industrial investment environment. Participants were purposively selected from both public and private agencies involved in industrial investment. A focus group discussion with fifteen industry experts was conducted to determine the factors that create an optimal investment environment. Thematic analysis was then applied to the discussion data, enabling the identification and categorization of key themes related to magnetic indicators that influence industrial investment. From the discussion, nineteen magnetic indicators were identified. The provision of infrastructure, strategic location, supply of raw material and labor are among the main magnetic indicators that were identified. These findings provide a basis for the related government agencies, local government as well as developers in formulating an economic agglomeration of industrial properties that contribute to the economic growth of Malaysia.
What’s art got to do with it?
Authors: Anttila Eeva
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the meaning of art in embodied language learning. It tackles questions about how art works, what art is good for or—as the heading states— What's art got to do with it?​ The connection between language and embodiment has been established, and the role of art in enhancing learning in various ways has been discussed widely. While this article acknowledges the claims on the educational power of art in existing literature, the guiding question of how art works—especially in educational situations related to language learning—is deliberately open regarding assessable (language) learning outcomes. The article begins by discussing the author’s methodological approach that draws from the notions of sense, sensing, and seeing. This discussion is followed by sections on language, including (trans)languaging, art, and arts education. The author then moves towards practice and, within it, the notion of ‘glowing’ moments, in which she leans on her earlier work related to ‘physical expressive space’​ and the methodological approach and theoretical concepts presented earlier. She takes a closer look at a videotaped excerpt from an art pedagogical project, in which she attends to its material, sensory, and affective elements. Through this inquiry, the author proposes that the notion of (trans)languaging is pivotal to understanding and articulating how art works in educational situations related to language learning and beyond. In closing the article, the author asserts that artistic practice is (trans)languaging and further, that arts education is language education.
Yabancılara Türkçe Öğretiminde Kültürel Aktarım Bağlamında Kalıp İfadelerin Oyunlarla Öğretimi: (D)İlim Oyunu Örneği
Authors: Bekdaş Müjgan , Delen Mahmut
Published: December 2024

Kalıp ifade, belirli bir dilde sıkça kullanılan ve genellikle belirli bir duruma, bağlama veya ihtiyaca uygun olarak söylenen klişe sözcük gruplarıdır. Bu ifadeler, dil öğrenen bireylerin yeni bir dilde akıcı ve özgüvenli bir şekilde iletişim kurmalarını sağlar. Ayrıca kültürel ve sosyal bağlamlarda doğru ve etkili iletişim kurma becerilerini pekiştirir. Özellikle Türkçe, söz varlığında en çok kalıplaşmış dil birimi bulunduran diller arasındadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenenlerin dikkatini çekerek öğrenme sürecine katkıda bulunacağı düşünülen bir kelime oyunu üretilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmanın amacı yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminde oyun kullanarak kalıp ifadeleri öğretmektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, dört haftalık oyun uygulamasının ardından görüşme aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler, içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre kalıp ifadeler gibi öğrenilmesi zor kelime gruplarının araştırmacılar tarafından tasarlanan bir oyun ile öğretilmesinin öğrenimi kolaylaştırdığı görülmüştür. Öğrenci görüşleri, uygulamada kullanılan oyunun eğlenceli, heyecan verici, öğretici, düşündürücü, enerjik, faydalı, motivasyon arttırıcı ve rekabetçi olduğu yönündedir. Ayrıca oynanan oyunun kalıcı ve kolay olduğu, eğlenerek öğrettiği ve konuşma becerisini geliştirdiği görüşmelerden elde edilen sonuçlar arasındadır. Söz konusu bulgular ışığında (D)ilim oyununun özellikle kalıp ifade ve kelime öğretiminde kullanılmasının faydalı olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Adapter Le Systeme Alimentaire Rd Congolais Au Changement Climatique
Authors: René Kanga-Kanga Mfuni , Badibanga David  Kasumpa , Kanyeba Silvie Mwakabubi , Ngoie Gédéon Nsenga , Nkusu Georgette Mubembe , Kavugho Esperance  Sivayiketera , Ngoie Teddy Kishiko
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research on "Adapting the DR Congolese food system to climate change" aims to make available scientific data likely to curb the divide between potential wealth and food security on the one hand and to realize the state of research on the subject on the other hand.
Methodology: We carried out documentary research using the digital network for data collection. We consulted articles published in international journals, activity reports of specialized structures (UN, OECD). Certain programs and documents developed by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of the DRC. At the end of the compilation, we proceeded to the objective analysis of the capacities of the DRC to want to overcome climate hazards.
Finding: At the end of our investigations, we estimate that efforts to adapt to climate change in the DRC are at the embryonic and fragmentary stage. There is no inclusive, coherent and binding policy for adaptation to climate change. We insist on the fact that "Adapting the DR Congolese food system to climate change" must be considered as a four-link cycle including: Implementation of the general principles of combating and/or mitigating GHG emissions, Research and development with substantial investment, Transformation of GHGs, waste, etc, Finally, the fourth link that completes the cycle; it is the range of solutions in terms of reactions, responses, advice, awareness of the entire national community.
Recommendation: To adapt the Congolese food system to climate change; it will require a synergy of activities spread across the four links forming the planning cycle
Lung Cancer Prediction Using CNN and Transfer Learning
Authors: Dr. Smita Nirkhi  , Mr. Rohit Benibangade  , Mr. Prathmesh Mashakhetri  , Mr. Shrikumar Nilawar  , Ms. Vrushali Katrojwar  , Ms. Rutuja Pandilwar
Published: December 2024

One of the leading causes of cancer-associated death globally is lung cancer Effective therapy for different subtypes of lung cancer depends on early and precise diagnosis. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method for classifying several forms of lung cancer, such as adenocarcinoma, big cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lung tissues, is presented in this research. The model makes use of the Inception architecture, which was pretrained on ImageNet before a custom classification layer was added. There are 323 validation photos and 613 training images spread over four classes in the dataset. To increase model generality, image data augmentation methods including rescaling and horizontal flipping were used. During training, the final model's validation accuracy was over 70%. In order to minimize learning rate and avoid overfitting, early halting was employed to maximize training efficiency. The suggested approach shows promise for accurately and automatically classifying different forms of lung cancer, laying the groundwork for next clinical decision support systems
A Study on Methods Used to Segregate the Products using IOT Techniques
Authors: Melwin Vinay Sera  , Mohammed Swalih  , Prof. Sharathchandra Prabhu  , Prof. Hemanth Suvarna
Published: December 2024

Product segregation in various industries, such as manufacturing, waste management, retail, and agriculture, has been transformed by incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into industrial processes. With an emphasis on IoT’s effectiveness, precision, and automation in the segregation process, this review paper examines the approaches used to separate products using IoT techniques. IoT-based systems rely on networked devices like sensors, RFID tags, machine vision, and intelligent conveyors for collecting, processing, and responding to real-time data. These systems make it easier to separate products according to attributes like size, shape, color, and quality while requiring less human involvement. The use of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) for sorting tasks, machine learning algorithms for visual analysis, sensor-based detection, and RFID-enabled tracking are some of the important IoT segregation strategies covered in the paper. The data collection, processing, and action layers that facilitate smooth product classification are the main focus of this analysis of the IoT architecture used in these systems. These methods’ applications across various industries are highlighted, highlighting how they can increase output, lower errors, and streamline supply chains. The study also discusses issues like data security, system integration, and implementation costs that are related to IoT-based segregation systems. Lastly, new developments are examined as major forces behind the future of IoT in product segregation, such as developments in edge computing and artificial intelligence. The IoT has the potential to revolutionize product sorting procedures by making them more intelligent, efficient, and responsive to industrial demands, as this review highlights
A Study on Impact of Merger on Performance of Selected Private Sector and Public Sector Banks
Authors: Mr.  Chandan L  , Mr. Kiran S  , Mr. Prajwal A L
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of mergers on the performance of four public sector and two private sector banks in India using seven years of pre- and post-merger data. The research evaluates financial metrics such as profitability, operational efficiency, and market share to assess the effectiveness of these mergers in achieving their intended goals. A comparative analysis highlights the differential outcomes of mergers in public and private sector banks, offering insights into the synergies and challenges experienced during consolidation. The findings provide valuable implications for policymakers and stakeholders in designing strategies for future mergers in the banking sector
An Analysis of Course Priorities for Immersive Media Entrepreneurship Education Using the AHP Method
Authors:   The Korean Career·Entrepreneurship & Business Association, Seo Kuksun , Lee Ilhan , An Hyejin
Published: December 2024

As the demand for immersive media-related industries expands, many universities are actively promoting programs to cultivate specialized human resources in immersive media. Through immersive media education, universities can offer students opportunities to explore entrepreneurship. This study aims to propose an effective entrepreneurship curriculum by analyzing student’s needs for education that integrates immersive media technology. To determine the importance and priorities of courses in immersive media entrepreneurship education, key factors from both immersive media education and entrepreneurship education were identified. A survey was conducted with 31 students from Chung-Ang University and Konkuk University, followed by an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) analysis.
The findings revealed that students rated the importance of entrepreneurship education elements higher than those of immersive media education. Specifically, they emphasized the value of courses focused on acquiring practical management knowledge and experience. In immersive media education, there was notable demand for practically oriented courses, such as prototyping and content production practices. Conversely, theoretical courses were rated relatively lower, indicating that practical applicability in the entrepreneurial process is a critical factor for students.
Therefore, developing immersive media entrepreneurship education requires a hands-on, practice-oriented curriculum that integrates technical and managerial aspects while incorporating field-based experiences. Such an approach can enhance universitie’s entrepreneurship education capabilities and provide a strong foundation for students to grow into innovative entrepreneurs leveraging emerging technologies.
Exploring the Predominant Business Risks Faced by Manufacturing Smes in Bulawayo
Authors: Tshuma Nothando , Mwanza Dr Jason , Sibanda Emmanuel , Setoboli Tsepeso
Published: December 2024

This study explores the key business risks encountered by manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Utilizing a mixed methods research design, data was collected through questionnaire and interviews. A total of 226 SMEs were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The results indicate that operational risks are the most significant, closely followed by financial risks. These challenges pose serious threats to the sustainability and growth of SMEs in Bulawayo. The research highlights that operational risks, including issues with production processes, supply chain interruptions, and machinery failures, are the foremost concerns for manufacturing SMEs in Bulawayo. Financial risks, such as limited credit access, cash flow difficulties, and volatile exchange rates, also greatly affect these businesses. To address operational risks, SMEs should enhance production efficiency and minimize waste, implement a strict maintenance schedule for machinery to avoid unexpected breakdowns, and cultivate relationships with multiple suppliers to prevent reliance on a single source, particularly local suppliers to lessen the impact of international supply chain disruptions. Addressing financial risks requires collaboration with financial institutions and mobile service providers to develop customized financing solutions for SMEs, such as low-interest loans, microfinance options, and credit guarantee schemes. Implementing strong cash flow management strategies, such as accurate forecasting and budgeting, can also improve liquidity. Additionally, SMEs should consider financial tools like forward contracts or options to protect against currency fluctuations and explore pricing their products in stable currencies to reduce exchange rate risks. To enhance SMEs’ understanding and utilization of futures contracts, the government could initiate targeted awareness campaigns and organize training sessions that explain the benefits and functions in straightforward terms. Furthermore, establishing robust systems and controls is essential for ensuring long-term sustainability and growth. Policymakers should adopt stringent monetary and fiscal policies, promote foreign investment, and diversify the economy to stabilize Zimbabwe’s currency and mitigate risks for manufacturing SMEs, while enhancing transparency, improving regulatory frameworks, and seeking international support to provide a resilient economic environment.
Who does the norm affect? Information design from a feminist perspective
Authors: Novais Queiroz Bianca , Tiradentes Souto Virginia
Published: December 2024

A huge and growing amount of data is omnipresent in our daily lives. To make sense of the information overload, data visualisation and infographics are used as cognitive artefacts. The design of these solutions, in turn, is usually mediated by a set of guidelines that set parameters for what is considered good design. The norm thus suggests a collective commitment to design and involves the expression of the values of the dominant group that designed it. This study explores normative biases and presents counter-positions to the sovereignty of these hegemonic values in information design from a critical feminist perspective. It is noteworthy that during the period analysed, intellectual recognition was mainly given to men. The complexity of male protagonism in the production of knowledge is addressed. The shift away from the primacy of the influences of a dominant group therefore represents a redistribution of power that benefits not only women but also various social groups.
Cuando la escuela no nos alcanza…
Authors: Aldana Calderón Elisa Cristina
Published: December 2024

The word cybersecurity is booming these days, and we find many definitions of this word such as: defend, care for, protect, etc. But what is it that we must protect? Our information. Many times we lose our data because we do not give it the true value it has or we do not know how to do it! We see in the news that we are presented with different attacks day after day, for example: credential theft, malware, phishing, ransomware, among others. Cybercrimes advance from a personal to a business environment. Not being aware of the importance of protecting our information can cause problems in work environments, where security measures have to be stricter to avoid data theft, service failure, loss of equipment and even kidnapping and permanent loss of company information, which in many cases have been major blows where institutions are not easily recovered. In this article we will explain the reasons that will move us to take care of our personal information, we will examine some of the most frequent cybercrimes that are used to obtain private information and we will delve into three of them. This is an opinion article based on a review of the literature on the subject. The knowledge and data presented are public knowledge, but are aimed at a learning community that lives immersed in the use of social networks and virtual platforms and is therefore exposed to cybercrime and needs to know the ways in which cybercriminals act so that they can protect themselves personally, institutionally or corporately.
The Indian Liberating Army
Authors: Witgen Michael John
Published: December 2024

In August of 1836, General James Dickson’s Indian Liberating Army, made up of predominantly mixed-race men, attempted to filibuster California from the newly independent nation-state of Mexico to found an American Indian empire. Although Dickson’s mission ultimately failed, the details of his story illuminate the contrasting colonial visions of Great Britain and the new U.S. Republic. While Great Britain maintained an ongoing relationship with its colonial subjects in Canada, which included Indigenous peoples organized as subordinate but allied Native nations, the United States, in contrast, upheld a settler colonial ideology that envisioned citizens of the Republic eliminating the Indigenous population, replacing or supplanting the Natives with its own settlers. For the mixed-race members of the Indian Liberating Army, the North American West seemed to offer the possibility of a Native polity that was independent of either Canada or the United States.
A Nation of Settlers
Authors: Witgen Michael John
Published: December 2024

The notion that Native peoples could claim a title to their homelands but not own that land as private property was the guiding principle for early western expansion. European powers, and later the United States, made this claim because they asserted that Native peoples were not part of the civilized world but rather lived in a state of nature. In order to rationalize possession of Indian country, the United States would therefore need to control the immigration of settlers to Native lands. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was designed to facilitate the sale and settlement of land in the public domain under a legal regime recognizable by the United States, creating the legal mechanism for the orderly transfer of Native land to white property holders. Indigenous strategies of resistance made it clear that the United States would need to negotiate a cession of Native title to any lands it claimed as part of the public domain of the Republic. Despite repeated attempts to remove Native peoples from their homelands, such as the implementation of the Indian Removal Act, by the early nineteenth century there was no escaping the reality of Native peoples, cementing their place in the national mythology.
The Civilizing Mission, Women’s Labor, and the Mixed-Race Families of the Old Northwest
Authors: Witgen Michael John
Published: December 2024

Traders and the mixed-race population that engaged in the fur trade became one of the principal means by which the government, federal and territorial, could influence the largely Indigenous population northwest of Detroit. Missionaries, sent by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) to educate the mixed-race children of the American fur company employees, worked to foster a sense of national identity among these nascent citizens who lived at the American Fur Company posts. Fur traders, often French Canadian or British immigrants, were recognized as settler-citizens. Similarly, the Indigenous and mixed-race wives and children of American Fur Company employees were also recognized as American citizens. Traders and missionaries understood that marriage, especially to Indigenous or mixed-race women, was a necessary condition for success because of the crucial domestic and linguistic labor Native women provided. At odds with goals of the ABCFM, the U.S. government was not concerned about the civilization of the Odawaag and Ojibweg but rather wanted to convert their homeland into public domain to sell to white settlers. With statehood looming and the settler population booming, Henry Schoolcraft pressured the Anishinaabeg to sell their lands and accept new territory west of the Mississippi.
Justice Weighed in Two Scales
Authors: Witgen Michael John
Published: December 2024

On New Year’s Day in 1837, an Anishinaabe man named Chigawaasking shot and killed a mixed-race man named Alfred Aitkin. Alfred’s murder and the confusion about how to punish Chigawaasking created significant political volatility and the potential for racialized violence, revealing the limits of American sovereignty in the Northwest Territory. Whether Chigawaasking would be convicted or let go hinged on whether the jury would recognize Alfred Aitkin as a mixed-race man or as a Native man. The court’s decision made a distinction between the uncivilized world of Native peoples and the civilized world of the settler colonial state. When these two worlds overlapped, the sovereignty of the settler state superseded any claims of Indigenous autonomy or sovereignty. While the courts allowed that Native peoples were excluded from American civil society, they also established that Native peoples were not alien residents living within U.S. territory. American Indians would not become part of the settler state if they continued to live as Indigenous people, and therefore they could not become citizens of the United States.
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same
Authors: Witgen Michael John
Published: December 2024

The legacy of politically excluding Native peoples from the social contract of the U.S. Republic legally ended in 1924 with the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted citizenship to Native peoples born in the United States. However, this did not mark the end of the federal government’s legacy of dispossessing Native peoples of their land. Rather, the line can be traced through to the present, with the U.S. government’s sanction of the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline under the Missouri River near the Standing Rock reservation.
Introduction
Authors: Pite Rebekah E.
Published: December 2024

The introductory chapter of the book introduces readers to the transnational history of yerba mate in South America, with a specific focus on the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay) where this drink is most popular. It compares the trajectory of this stimulating plant to others like coffee and tea, and establishes its importance within the emergent field of food history. It presents the ways in which this incorporative ritual has facilitated the processes of community formation and identity construction, creating a sense of belonging for many newcomers to the region. Tracing the yerba mate commodity chain from production to promotion to consumption enriches our understanding of the difference it made (and did not make) that this regional commodity largely stayed within South America, primarily serving local interests and consumers rather than those in the Global North.
Establishing Mate Hierarchies in Would-Be Nations, 1810s–1860s
Authors: Pite Rebekah E.
Published: December 2024

This chapter tells the story of how the Wars of Independence from Spain and their contentious aftermath shaped the markets and meanings for yerba mate, infusing them with new politics. With the disruption of the colonial bureaucracy and marketplace, new economies emerged and competed with one another. Southern Brazil became a major producer and exporter of the so-called herb from Paraguay, especially to the lower Río de la Plata region. Drawing from European travelers’ reports, readers gain access to specific, sensorial descriptions of the mate ritual. These reports also help establish that the nearly universal practice of drinking mate changed little with independence in regions that preserved their access to yerba. In contrast, the intensifying flurry of visual representations of the mate ritual reveal a dramatic shift in the symbolic meanings associated with the local drink. The visual culture surrounding the mate ceremony reveals the way in which racialized hierarchies—alongside the overlapping hierarchies of gender and class—assumed greater visibility and symbolic power in representations of White elites’ domestic spaces and the domestic work of servants of African and indigenous descent (or those racialized as Black and Brown) in the early national era. Such quotidian inequalities persisted alongside dramatic attempts by creole men to exercise and consolidate their political power in would-be nations.
Selling Yerba/Erva Mate as Modern in Argentina and Brazil, 1900s–1960s
Authors: Pite Rebekah E.
Published: December 2024

The journey of this chapter starts with Brazil and Argentina’s battles over yerba/erva mate at the level of exports and policy. As we shall see, the growth of Argentine yerba production not only worried Brazilian producers and ultimately limited Brazilian exports to Argentina, but also spurred promotional campaigns within Brazil. We then shift our attention to conflicts within Argentina between northeastern planters and central millers—neither of whom felt fully satisfied with the outcome. Finally, we will turn to promotional campaigns by specific brands that ushered in a new era of directly targeting consumers, transforming the visual culture of mate drinking made visible in magazine advertisements, on store shelves, and beyond. In contrast to previous artwork, the specific people behind this new era of explicitly commercial, branded visual sources are generally unknowable, even as their output dramatically changed how people across the region saw, purchased, and thought about yerba mate.
A New Age for Yerba Mate?
Authors: Pite Rebekah E.
Published: December 2024

The epilogue poses and begins to answer several questions that swirl around yerba mate in the twenty-first century. What long-term impact will COVID-19 pandemic have on this communal ritual? Is yerba mate becoming a more global drink? Why is it being pitched as a super food? Might it be possible to eradicate the longstanding exploitation of yerba workers? And why are nations and specific provinces (including Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, and Argentina) launching formal claims to UNESCO for yerba mate and tereré as their own “intangible heritage,” despite this drinkable plant’s native origins and shared regional presence? In 2018, the South American free trade association MERCOSUR declared Yerba Mate-Ka’a—referring to both Spanish and Guaraní names—as its “cultural patrimony.” Because Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay are the association’s leading members, this gesture signaled the enduring ways in which this (pre)colonial infusion continued to cross national borders. While public acknowledgement of the Guaraní heritage of yerba mate (or ka’a) took off in the twenty-first century, this did not mean that contemporary Guaraní people finally gained land rights to yerbales or profits from yerba sales. Who profits from yerba might differ in the future. The Guaraní appear particularly well positioned to advance a claim for intellectual property rights of their own, especially given recent changes in international law, which favor such a shift.
Propter Hoc
Authors: Swanson Drew A.
Published: December 2024

The epilogue summarizes the long-contested memory of John Stephens’s life and death, and the public history of the state’s Reconstruction’s legacy in the more than century following its collapse. It describes the challenges of interpreting reputation, character, and motives for historical figures. The epilogue ends by raising some doubts as to whether the received accounts of the assassination are actually accurate and reflecting on the extent to which we can truly understand the past.
Beginnings
Authors: Li Alison
Published: December 2024

Harry Benjamin was born in Berlin in 1885, the son of Julius Benjamin, a banker, and Bertha (Hoffman) Benjamin. He had a happy home life and schooling in a humanistic gymnasium and a Real-Gymnasium. He was an enthusiastic follower of opera. He attended medical school in Berlin, Rostock, and graduated from the University of Tübingen in 1912 with a thesis focused on a diagnostic test for tuberculosis.
A Glandular View of Life
Authors: Li Alison
Published: December 2024

Harry Benjamin’s interest in the hormones and glandular therapy grew as a result of his association with the physiologist Eugen Steinach. In August 1921, Benjamin visited Steinach, an eminent professor of physiology in Vienna. At the Institute for Experimental Biology (known as the Vivarium), Steinach conducted pioneering work on the cross-sex transplantation of sex glands of laboratory animals and theorized about the role of hormones in development. Steinach developed an operation consisting of the ligation of the vas deferens which he believed would stimulate the production of hormones in the testes and result in the rejuvenation of older men. A treatment for women was later developed using x-rays to stimulate hormone secretion from the ovaries. Benjamin became a disciple of Steinach and introduced the Steinach operation for rejuvenation to the United States. He became friends with biologist Paul Kammerer who worked with Steinach at the Vivarium.
A Science of Sex
Authors: Li Alison
Published: December 2024

Harry Benjamin had a long-time friendship with the physician sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld, beginning in Benjamin’s days as a medical student in Berlin when Hirschfeld took him on tours of the city’s same-sex bars and dance halls. In the 1920s, Benjamin regularly visited Hirschfeld’s Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin where Hirschfeld carried out clinical treatment, research, and education into sexology. Hirschfeld and associates provided care to some of the earliest trans people to undergo gender reassignment, including Dora Richter and Lili Elbe. Benjamin attended the First International Congress for Sexual Reform on the Basis of Sexual Science and in later years participated in other conferences organized by Hirschfeld and the World League for Sexual Reform.
Ghost Stories
Authors: Mayorga Sarah
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, racial capitalism is presented as the backdrop for the stories of and challenges to the everyday harm that working-class residents reported. Overviews of racial capitalism, exploitation, dehumanization, and ideology are provided. An explanation of urban specters as local ideologies is presented. Detailed information about Riverside and Carthage neighborhoods are also shared.
Trash Talk and Private Property
Authors: Mayorga Sarah
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, the specter of trash talk is discussed. Residents saw “trash” neighbors as the causes of neighborhood problems. Trash people were both cause and effect of territorial stigma. Rather than have the stigma be intrinsic to their neighborhoods, residents projected it onto bodies from other places, including Over-the-Rhine (OTR), Mexico, and Appalachia. Residents also projected stigma onto people that enacted values and behaviors outside the ideal Riverside or Carthage resident, such as renting or drug use. With trash talk, residents helped Riverside and Carthage maintain their status as “nice” and “good places” filled with potential amidst crises like the opioid epidemic. Trash talk was a rearticulation of settler colonial logics that venerate homeownership, normalize private property relations, and launder Indigenous dispossession.
Urban Exorcism
Authors: Mayorga Sarah
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents a recap of the previous chapters, while also discussing the curious finding that many residents wanted to move away from Carthage and Riverside to deal with the harms they faced. An alternative, abolitionist approach – not a move, but an urban exorcism of racial capitalism’s exploitation, dehumanization, and dispossession, is presented.
Oh, Didn't They Ramble
Authors: Menconi David , Plant Robert
Published: December 2024

What is American roots music? Any definition must account for a kaleidoscope of genres from bluegrass to blues, western swing to jazz, soul and gospel to rock and reggae, Cajun to Celtic. It must encompass the work of artists as diverse as Alice Gerard and Alison Krauss, George Thorogood and Sun Ra, Béla Fleck, and Clarence “Gatemouth” Brown, the Blake Babies and Billy Strings. What do all these artists and music styles have in common? The answer is a record label born in the wake of the American folk revival and 1960s movement politics, formed around the eclectic tastes and audacious ideals of three recent college grads who lived, listened, and worked together. The answer is Rounder Records. For more than fifty years, Rounder has been the world's leading label for folk music of all kinds. David Menconi's book is the label's definitive history, drawing on previously untapped archives and extensive interviews with artists, Rounder staff, and founders Ken Irwin, Marian Leighton Levy, and Bill Nowlin. Rounder's founders blended ingenuity and independence with serendipity and an unfailing belief in the small-d democratic power of music to connect and inspire people, forging creative partnerships that resulted in one of the most eclectic and creative catalogs in the history of recorded music. Placing Rounder in the company of similarly influential labels like Stax, Motown, and Blue Note, this story is destined to delight anyone who cares about the place of music in American culture.
Back Home in Sulphur Springs
Authors: Menconi David
Published: December 2024

Rounder released its first important album in 1972, “Back Home in Sulphur Springs” by the guitarist Norman Blake. It sold multiples more than anything they had released to that point, 35,000 copies in its first year. Grassroots media started taking notice, with press about the label and its acts in magazines including Bluegrass Unlimited, Crawdaddy and Sing Out! The three founders each developed primary specialties – Nowlin as businessperson, Irwin as talent scout, Leighton Levy as publicist. Hazel Dickens and Alice Gerrard also joined the roster, with Dickens romantically involved with Irwin for many years.
Will the Circle Be Unbroken?
Authors: Menconi David
Published: December 2024

By 2009, the record business was in free fall with compact disc sales plummeting. In the wake of the Robert Plant-Alison Krauss Grammy success, the Rounder founders decided to sell the company to Concord Music Group. Rounder began to change, subject to stock-market pressures for the first time. After putting out 100 albums some years, it only released eight in 2022. And Alison Krauss finally left Rounder in 2017.
Looked upon as a Man’s Game
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry
Published: December 2024

After training, the WASP moved into the male-dominated spaces of over 120 bases around the continental United States in assignments including ferrying, towing targets, instructing, and test piloting. They maintained their identity as military pilots and fought to be taken seriously as professionals. Although these assignments required courage, prowess, and rational intellect, they remained anomalies to many military officials who deemed them an experiment for the duration of the war. Female pilots’ work in dangerous home front assignments challenged definitions of heroism. The categorization of their duties as women’s work masked the dangers and skills essential to wartime flying. These issues challenged the work culture and solidarity that the WASP built during training. As the WASP remained scattered at different bases, they maintained networks with one another and asserted rights to altitudinal spaces.
I Never Flew an Airplane That Asked If I Were a Mr. or a Mrs. or a Ms.
Authors: Myers Sarah Parry
Published: December 2024

In the 1970s, while the country was reacting to the women’s liberation movement and the war in Vietnam, some veteran organizations fought against the WASP to protect definitions of heroic military service and the title of “veteran.” In this fight for veteran status, the WASP organized and executed strategies to prove the military nature of the program. Through their activism, they contested notions of what it meant to be a veteran as they fought for access to full citizenship, recognition, and veteran’s benefits. These discussions of veteran identity surfaced questions of what a nation owes its female veterans. In 1977, the WASP finally received veteran status, although that would again be a subject for debate in the decades to follow.
Food Power Politics
Authors: Smith II Bobby J.
Published: December 2024

This book unearths a food story buried deep within the soil of American civil rights history. Drawing on archival research, interviews, and oral histories, Bobby J. Smith II re-examines the Mississippi civil rights movement as a period when activists expanded the meaning of civil rights to address food as integral to sociopolitical and economic conditions. For decades, white economic and political actors used food as a weapon against Black sharecropping communities in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta, but members of these communities collaborated with activists to transform food into a tool of resistance. Today, Black youth are building a food justice movement in the Delta to continue this story, grappling with inequalities that continue to shape their lives. Drawing on multiple disciplines including critical food studies, Black studies, history, sociology, and southern studies, Smith makes critical connections between civil rights activism and present-day food justice activism in Black communities, revealing how power struggles over food empower them to envision Black food futures in which communities have the full autonomy and capacity to imagine, design, create, and sustain a self-sufficient local food system.
The Famous Lady Lovers
Authors: Woolner Cookie
Published: December 2024

Black queer women have shaped American culture since long before the era of gay liberation. Decades prior to the Stonewall Uprising, in the 1920s and 1930s, Black "lady lovers"—as women who loved women were then called—crafted a queer world. In the cabarets, rent parties, speakeasies, literary salons, and universities of the Jazz Age and Great Depression, communities of Black lady lovers grew, and queer flirtations flourished. Cookie Woolner here uncovers the intimate lives of performers, writers, and educators such as Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, Gladys Bentley, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, and Lucy Diggs Slowe, along with the many everyday women she encountered in the archives. Examining blues songs, Black newspapers, vice reports, memoirs, sexology case studies, and more, Woolner illuminates the unconventional lives Black lady lovers formed to suit their desires. In the urban North, as the Great Migration gave rise to increasingly racially mixed cities, Black lady lovers fashioned and participated in emerging sexual subcultures. During this time, Black queer women came to represent anxieties about the deterioration of the heteronormative family. Negotiating shifting notions of sexuality and respectability, Black lady lovers strategically established queer networks, built careers, created families, and were vital cultural contributors to the US interwar era.
The Famous Lady Lovers in the Early Twentieth-Century Black Popular Entertainment Industry
Authors: Woolner Cookie
Published: December 2024

The second chapter turns to the Black popular entertainment industry, and specifically the “race records” industry which took off in 1920 with the popularity of Black female blues singers. Gertrude “Ma” Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and Alberta Hunter were all classic blues women who had relationships with women – or were rumored to have – during the beginning of their popular recording careers in the 1920s. The significance of the entertainment world for Black women, both as a work alternative to domestic service and as a gathering place for lady lovers, is focused on along with the experiences of the women mentioned. The threat of violence in the Jim Crow South and the strategies lady lovers used to survive and thrive while touring and performing are also both explored.