bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the heat transfer coefficient at near solidus forming condition using columnar pressing test
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Agirre Julen , Plata Gorka , Lozares Jokin , Mendiguren Joseba
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the significant gap in the literature regarding the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) under near-solidus forming (NSF) conditions, where materials are shaped close to their solidus state, presenting complex behaviour compared to traditional hot forming processes. Despite the pivotal role of heat transfer in developing a reliable material model for the digital twin (DT), limited data exist particularly regarding HTC characterization at NSF. Additionally, testing methodologies suitable for the high-temperature conditions, crucial for NSF processes, have not been adequately addressed. To fill this gap, this study aims to characterize HTC under NSF conditions using a columnar pressing test. The test was conducted at three different temperatures such as 1250, 1300, and 1360 °C and two different pressures, 2 and 8 MPa. During the test, temperature data was collected at the centre of the sample using a k-type thermocouple. Furthermore, the DT of the pressing test was developed and the three-dimensional finite element model of 42CrMo4 steel was constructed using FORGE NxT® 4.0 FEM software. The simulations were performed with varying HTC values to replicate the experimental test data. Inverse modelling techniques were then applied to compare experimental and simulated data, enabling the characterization and optimization of HTC values under NSF testing conditions. The results demonstrated that HTC in the NSF process is primary impacted by the forming pressure, whereas temperature change showed no variation at the studied ranges. The HTC value of 500 W/m2K and 800 W/m2K was identified at 2 MPa and 8 MPa, respectively. The conclusion of this study aims for a better understanding of heat transfer phenomena in NSF processes, enhancing the reliability of DT for industrial applications.
The “Ins and Outs” of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Welch Eva K. , Ross Warren , Dengler Katherine L. , Gruber Daniel D. , Lamb Shannon
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis

Concurrent pelvic organ and rectal prolapse have an incidence of 38%. Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for workup. We discuss dynamic pelvic MRI indications, interpretation, and clinical application to pelvic floor disorders.

Methods

The pubococcygeal line (PCL) extends from the pubic symphysis to the last coccygeal joint. The “H line” demonstrates the levator hiatus size, drawn from the inferior pubic symphysis to the posterior rectal wall at the anorectal junction. The “M line” represents vertical descent of the levator hiatus and extends perpendicularly from the PCL to the posterior aspect of the H line. With rectovaginal fascial defects, the small bowel, the peritoneum, and the sigmoid colon can prolapse. Posterior compartment abnormalities include rectocele, rectal prolapse, and descending perineal syndrome. Pelvic MRI can evaluate functional disorders such as anismus, where the anorectal angle is narrowed and associated with lack of pelvic floor descent and incomplete evacuation.

Conclusions

Particularly for patients with concurrent urogynecological and colorectal complaints, previous pelvic reconstructive surgery, or when clinical symptomatology does not correlate with physical examination, dynamic pelvic MRI can impact management. It is critical for pelvic reconstructive surgeons to be familiar with this imaging modality to counsel patients and interpret radiographic findings.
Development of two ultra-sensitive UHPLC–QqQ-MS/MS methods for the simultaneous determination of hydroxyzine and its active metabolite (cetirizine) in human blood: applications to real cases of forensic toxicology
Authors: Chłopaś-Konowałek Agnieszka , Szpot Paweł , Zawadzki Marcin , Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Dudzińska Ewa
Published: September 2024

Both postmortem toxicological and medical-forensic examinations are very important in the case of analyzing various types of chemical substances. Hydroxyzine (HZ) is a first-generation antihistamine drug with a sedative effect that disrupts cognitive function and affects the ability to drive motor vehicles. Enzymatic oxidation of the hydroxy-methyl group to the carboxyl group leads to the formation of its main metabolite—cetirizine (CZ). CZ is the active substance of antiallergic drugs. Because it does not cross the BBB (blood–brain barrier) easily, it is less likely to cause drowsiness or affect memory and impair cognitive function. Therefore, in criminal studies, it is often important what medication had been taken by a person involved, e.g., in a car accident, HZ or CZ. The analysis of both antihistamine drugs is challenging, as usually very low concentrations of the compound of interest need to be determined. Thus, an ultra-sensitive UHPLC–QqQ-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of HZ and CZ in biological fluid samples. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) for HZ and CZ was calculated as 0.345 and 0.3696 ng/mL, respectively. Together with a reduced sample volume to 200 μL, it makes the developed method suitable for a sensitive multidrug forensic toxicological analysis. Samples were extracted with simple and fast liquid–liquid extraction (ethyl acetate, pH 9). The present method for the determination of HZ and CZ in human blood proved to be simple, fast, selective, and sensitive. The quantification by LC–MS/MS was successfully applied to the samples coming from 28 authentic biological fluids (blood, urine, vitreous humor, bile and stomach content), both antemortem and postmortem. The performed studies confirm that the developed method is characterized by a high extraction efficiency. Its accuracy, reproducibility, simplicity, and selectivity suggest its application in clinical, toxicological, and forensic laboratories.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)+ cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus: relationship with binge-type eating in male and female mice
Authors: Curtis Genevieve R. , Carpenter Brody A. , Pirino Breanne E. , Hawks Annie , Li George , Barson Jessica R.
Published: September 2024

Rationale

Both the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) and the neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), are thought to be involved in food intake. Importantly, PACAP is expressed in cells of the PVT.

Objectives

To determine if PACAP in cells of the PVT might mediate some of the involvement of the PVT with palatable food intake.

Methods

In male and female C57BL/6 J mice and PACAP-Cre transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 J background, limited access to Milk Chocolate Ensure Plus® was used to establish a model of binge-type eating. Next, using quantitative real-time PCR, gene expression of PACAP in the PVT was measured in relation to this binge-type eating. Finally, using chemogenetics in PACAP-Cre transgenic mice, the effect of activation of PVT PACAP+ cells on binge-type eating was determined.

Results

Males and females both engaged in binge-type eating with Ensure, although females engaged in this behavior to a greater degree than males. While females also had a higher baseline level of PVT PACAP mRNA than males, only males showed an increase in levels of PACAP after a history of exposure to Ensure, and only males showed a reduction in levels of PACAP immediately prior to a binge session. Conversely, activation of PACAP+ cells in the PVT reduced binge-type eating of Ensure, specifically in male mice.

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that PVT PACAP+ cells influence and are influenced by binge-type eating. Thus, PACAP in the PVT might mediate some of the known involvement of the PVT with palatable food intake.
Rehabilitative Kurzzeitpflege – Optimierung der poststationären Versorgung von geriatrischen Patienten mit Rehabilitationsbedarf: Ergebnisse der REKUP-Studie
Authors: Keilhauer Anne , Werner Christian , Diekmann Sandra , zur Nieden Pauline , Pahmeier Kathrin , Neumann Anja , Walendzik Anke , Hüer Theresa , Raszke Pascal , Wasem Jürgen , Frankenhauser-Mannuß Julia , Specht-Leible Norbert , Bauer Jürgen M.
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund

Geriatrische Patient*innen in Kurzzeitpflege (KZP) mit Rehabilitationsbedarf nach einem Krankenhausaufenthalt (KA) nehmen selten stationäre Rehabilitation (SR) in Anspruch und werden häufig in die Dauerpflege (DP) übergeleitet. Dies weist auf Optimierungsmöglichkeiten in der KZP hin.

Ziel der Arbeit

Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit der Rehabilitativen Kurzzeitpflege (REKUP) zur Verbesserung der Versorgung geriatrischer Patient*innen in KZP mit Rehabilitationsbedarf nach KA.

Methoden

Die Studie wurde als nichtrandomisierte Interventionsstudie mit historischer Kontrollgruppe (KG) durchgeführt. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG: n = 49) erhielt REKUP (aktivierend-therapeutische Pflege, funktionell-rehabilitative Therapien, psychosoziale Angebote, medizinische Betreuung), die KG (n = 57) die Regelversorgung während des KZP-Aufenthalts. Primäre Zielkriterien waren: Überleitung in die SR, Häuslichkeit und DP, negativ verändertes Versorgungsetting, Pflegegrad und Mortalität bis 3 Monate nach der KZP. Sekundäre Zielkriterien waren funktionelle, motorische und psychische Variablen.

Ergebnisse

Die Überleitungsrate in SR (82 % vs. 37 %) und Häuslichkeit (86 % vs. 65 %) war in der IG höher (p < 0,05) als in der KG. Der Personenanteil mit Inanspruchnahme von DP (12 % vs. 35 %) und negativ verändertem Versorgungssetting (35 % vs. 60 %) war in der IG geringer (p < 0,01) als in der KG. Barthel-Index, visuelle Analogskala der EQ-5D und Schmerzskala verbesserten sich (p < 0,05) in der IG, nicht jedoch in der KG.

Diskussion

Als neues Versorgungskonzept der KZP fördert REKUP die Überleitung in die SR, reduziert die Inanspruchnahme von DP und verbessert die Chancen auf Rückkehr in die Häuslichkeit sowie auf höhere Selbstständigkeit bei geriatrischen Patient*innen mit Rehabilitationsbedarf nach einem KA.
Predictors of symptom improvement in patients with chronic coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wester Michael , Koll Franziska , Luedde Mark , Langer Christoph , Resch Markus , Luchner Andreas , Müller Karolina , Zeman Florian , Koller Michael , Maier Lars S. , Sossalla Samuel
Published: October 2024

Background

Decreases in symptom load and improvements in quality of life are important goals in the invasive treatment of symptomatic chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). To date, it is not known which patients profit most from the invasive treatment.

Methods

This sub-analysis of the prospective, multi-centre PLA-pCi-EBO trial includes 145 patients with symptomatic CCS and successful PCI. The prespecified endpoints angina pectoris and quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire–SAQ) were assessed 1 and 6 months after PCI. Predictors of symptom improvement were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Quality of life, physical limitation, and angina frequency markedly improved 6 months after PCI. Worse baseline health status (i.e., low SAQ subscales) was the best predictor of highly clinically relevant improvements (≥ 20 points in SAQ subscales) in symptom load and quality of life. Demographic factors (age, sex, body-mass index) and cardiovascular disease severity (number of involved vessels, ejection fraction) did not predict relevant improvements after PCI. The influence of psychologic traits has not previously been assessed. We found that neither optimism nor pessimism had a relevant effect on symptomatic outcome. However, patients who exercised more after PCI had a much larger improvement in quality of life despite no differences in physical limitation or angina frequency.

Conclusion

PCI effectively reduces symptom load and improves quality of life in patients with symptomatic CCS. Reduced baseline health status (symptom load, quality of life) are the only relevant predictors for improvements after PCI. Physical activity after PCI is associated with greater benefits for quality of life.

Trial registry

The German Clinical Trials Register registration number is DRKS0001752.
The effects of exercise, heat-induced hypo-hydration and rehydration on blood–brain-barrier permeability, corticospinal and peripheral excitability
Authors: Uddin Nasir , Scott Jamie , Nixon Jonathan , Patterson Stephen D. , Kidgell Dawson , Pearce Alan J. , Waldron Mark , Tallent Jamie
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The effects of low-intensity exercise, heat-induced hypo-hydration and rehydration on maximal strength and the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood.

Methods

To assess this, 12 participants took part in a randomised crossover study, in a prolonged (3 h) submaximal (60 W) cycling protocol under 3 conditions: (i) in 45 °C (achieving ~ 5% body mass reduction), with post-exercise rehydration in 2 h (RHY2), (ii) with rehydration across 24 h (RHY24), and (iii) a euhydrated trial in 25 °C (CON). Dependent variables included maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), maximum motor unit potential (MMAX), motor evoked potential (MEPRAW) amplitude and cortical silent period (cSP) duration. Blood–brain-barrier integrity was also assessed by serum Ubiquitin Carboxyl-terminal Hydrolase (UCH-L1) concentrations. All measures were obtained immediately pre, post, post 2 h and 24 h.

Results

During both dehydration trials, MVC (RHY2: p < 0.001, RHY24: p = 0.001) and MEPRAW (RHY2: p = 0.025, RHY24: p = 0.045) decreased from pre- to post-exercise. MEPRAW returned to baseline during RHY2 and CON, but not RHY24 (p = 0.020). MEP/MMAX ratio decreased across time for all trials (p = 0.009) and returned to baseline, except RHY24 (p < 0.026). Increased cSP (p = 0.011) was observed during CON post-exercise, but not during RHY2 and RHY24. Serum UCH-L1 increased across time for all conditions (p < 0.001) but was not significantly different between conditions.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate an increase in corticospinal inhibition after exercise with fluid ingestion, but a decrease in corticospinal excitability after heat-induced hypo-hydration. In addition, low-intensity exercise increases peripheral markers of blood–brain-barrier permeability.

Graphical abstract
Neonatal and early infancy antibiotic exposure is associated with childhood atopic dermatitis, wheeze and asthma
Authors: Räty Santeri , Ollila Helena , Turta Olli , Pärtty Anna , Peltola Ville , Lagström Hanna , Lempainen Johanna , Rautava Samuli
Published: September 2024

Antibiotics are frequently administered in the neonatal period and early infancy. Little is known about the long-term health consequences of early life antibiotic exposure. The objective is to investigate the association between neonatal and early life (0–6 months) antibiotic treatment and the development of atopic dermatitis, asthma and the use of inhaled corticosteroid medication later in childhood. We analyzed data obtained from hospital records and national registers in a cohort of 11,255 children. The association between early antibiotic exposure and the outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression. Confounding factors were included in the model. Neonatal antibiotic therapy for confirmed infection was associated with childhood atopic dermatitis (adjusted odds ratio 1.49; 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.94). Antibiotic therapy by six months of age was more common in children developing atopic dermatitis (adjusted odds ratio 1.38; 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.64), asthma (adjusted odds ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.32- 1.85) and inhaled corticosteroid medication use (adjusted odds ratio 1.88; 95% confidence interval 1.66–2.13).

  Conclusions: Neonatal antibiotic therapy for confirmed or clinically diagnosed infection is associated with increased risk of atopic dermatitis later in childhood. Antibiotic treatment before six months of age is associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma and inhaled corticosteroid use.

What is known:• The use of antibiotics early in life has been associated with an increased risk of developing atopic dermatitis or asthma.• Confounding by indication or reverse causation may underlie the observed associations.

What is new:• Our results demonstrate that neonatal antibiotic therapy for confirmed or clinically diagnosed infection was associated with increased risk of atopic dermatitis and antibiotic treatment before six months of age was associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma and inhaled corticosteroid use in analyses adjusted for confounding factors.
Retrospective analysis of core-needle and vacuum-assisted breast biopsies of B3 fibroepithelial lesions and correlation with results in subsequent surgical specimens
Authors: Näther Sophia , Elfgen Constanze , Rodewald Ann-Katrin , Fansa Hisham , Frauchiger-Heuer Heike , Varga Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2024

Background

Fibroepithelial lesions (FEL) are a heterogeneous group of biphasic tumours that include fibroadenomas (FA) and the rare entity of benign phyllodes tumors (PT) as well as cases where distinction between these two entities is not possible. The histologic distinction between benign PT and cellular FA is still a diagnostic challenge, especially in core-needle biopsy (CNB) or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Guidelines are not clearly established regarding the management of FEL in CNB or VAB. In this study, we addressed the frequency of B3 FEL diagnosed in CNB or VAB and compared the final histopathological findings in the excision specimens to evaluate up- or downgrading.

Methods

We identified 117 female patients with the preoperative diagnosis of FEL (B3), PT, or FEL in combination of pure epithelial B3 lesions in CNB or VAB. Clinico-pathological information as well as data on subsequent surgical excision were available for all patients.

Results

PT was diagnosed in 9 (14.8%) and FEL (B3) in 52 (85.2%) cases. Additionally, 56 patients with FA in combination with an additional B3 lesion were identified. Most FEL (B3)/PT initial diagnoses were made in CNB (55.6% of PT; 84.6% of FEL). After the initial biopsy, 7 of 9 (77.8%) patients with initial diagnosis of benign or borderline PT in CNB/VAB and 40 of 52 (77.0%) patients with initial diagnosis of FEL (B3) in CNB/VAB underwent open excision (OE). 4 of 9 cases (44.4%) initially diagnosed as PT were verified, whereas 2 of 9 (22.2%) were downgraded to FA. 20 of 52 cases (38.5%) initially diagnosed as FEL (B3) were downgraded to FA, whereas 11 of 52 cases (21.2%) were diagnosed as benign or borderline PT. One FEL (B3) case was upgraded to malignant PT.

Conclusion

Most PT and FEL (B3) diagnoses on CNB/VAB underwent surgical removal. In the final pathological findings of cases classified primarily as FEL (B3), the majority were downgraded to FA, one quarter were upgraded to PT, and a small subset remained as combined FA/PT. In clinical daily practice, we recommend individualized decision-making considering different options (clinical follow-up or removal of the lesion depending on the whole context) in a multidisciplinary preoperative conference.
Systematic development of a patient-reported ONCOlogical-ROUTinE-Screening (ONCO-ROUTES) procedure at the University Cancer Center Regensburg
Authors: Maurer Julia , Saibold Anna , Gerl Katharina , Koller Michael , Koelbl Oliver , Pukrop Tobias , Windschuettl Sandra , Einhell Sabine , Herrmann-Johns Anne , Raptis Georgios , Mueller Karolina
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The evaluation of treatment success and progression in oncology patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is playing an increasingly important role. Meanwhile, PROs are a component of the certification requirements of the German Cancer Society for oncology centers. PROs are used to provide supportive therapy. There is currently no instrument that fully covers the requirements. At the University Hospital Regensburg (UKR), a digital ONCOlogical-ROUTinE-Screening (ONCO-ROUTES) procedure was developed in order to assess the need for supportive therapy in a standardized way and to provide patients with supportive interventions tailored to their needs.

Methods

On the basis of current requirements and guidelines, the development of ONCO-ROUTES was supported by experts in focus groups and interviews, and digitalization was carried out in connection with the IT infrastructure.

Results

A Needs-based, Quality-of-life (QoL) and Symptoms Screening (NQS2) tool already established in the routine at the UKR was further developed into ONCO-ROUTES, which is made up of the domains therapy phase, nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol use, quality of life, general condition/functional status, physical activity, psychooncology, social services, and further support needs. By linking the digitized questionnaire to the hospital information system, the results are available for immediate use in routine operations and thus for the referral of patients for further supportive therapy.

Conclusion

The digital PRO application ONCO-ROUTES is designed to involve patients in monitoring additional supportive needs and thus, improves supportive interdisciplinary treatment.
Cerebellar glioblastoma in adults: a comparative single-center matched pair analysis and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lizunou Yauhen , Potthoff Anna-Laura , Schäfer Niklas , Waha Andreas , Borger Valeri , Herrlinger Ulrich , Vatter Hartmut , Schuss Patrick , Schneider Matthias
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The rarity of cerebellar glioblastoma presents a significant challenge in clinical practice due to the lack of extensive prognostic data on long-term survival rates, rendering it an underrepresented entity compared to its supratentorial counterpart. This study aims to analyze potential differences in survival outcome between patients with cerebellar and supratentorial glioblastomas.

Methods

From 2009 to 2020, 8 patients underwent surgical treatment for cerebellar glioblastoma at the authors’ institution. These patients were individually matched with a cohort of 205 consecutive patients from our institutional database with supratentorial glioblastoma, taking into account key prognostic parameters. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared. Additionally, we performed a systematic literature review to compile further survival data on cerebellar glioblastoma patients.

Results

The median OS for cerebellar glioblastoma patients was 18 months (95% CI 11–25). The balanced matched-pair analysis showed no significant difference in survival when compared to patients with supratentorial glioblastoma, exhibiting a median OS of 23 months (95% CI 0–62) (p = 0.63). Respective values for PFS were 8 months (95% CI 4–12) for cerebellar and 7 months (95% CI 0–16) for supratentorial glioblastoma (p = 0.2). The systematic review revealed that median OS for cerebellar glioblastoma in current literature ranges from 7 to 21 months.

Conclusions

The present findings indicate that patients with supra- and infratentorial glioblastoma do not significantly differ in regard to survival outcome parameters. This similarity in prognosis might encourage clinicians to consider surgical interventions for both supra- and infratentorial glioblastoma in a similar manner.
Coexistence of territorial competitor ants in fragmented boreal forest landscape
Authors: Sorvari Jouni , Huhta Esa , Hakkarainen Harri
Published: September 2024

The distribution of species in a patchy habitat may be influenced by competitive interactions. The dominant and highly competitive boreal ant species belong to the Formica rufa group. A pair of species, Formica aquilonia and Formica polyctena, require extensive territories due to their multi-nest breeding habits. The coexistence and habitat patterns of these two wood ant species in the boreal forest landscape were investigated. Forest characteristics in the vicinity of nests in forest patches were similar for both species, but they did not coexist in the same sampling plots of 0.79 ha in forest patches, indicating competitive exclusion. The sampling plots in large forest patches were more occupied by F. aquilonia, while no such association was found for F. polyctena. At a larger spatial scale (78.5 ha), we found that F. polyctena was more tolerant of smaller forest patches than F. aquilonia suggesting that these two ant species can coexist in moderately fragmented forest landscapes. However, forest habitat loss, fragmentation and climate-induced changes in forest tree structure may shift the species balance in favour of F. polyctena over F. aquilonia in the future.
Transatlantic differences in the use and outcome of minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy: an international multi-registry analysis
Authors: de Graaf Nine , Augustinus Simone , Wellner Ulrich F. , Johansen Karin , Andersson Bodil , Beane Joal D. , Björnsson Bergthor , Busch Olivier R. , Davis Catherine H. , Ghadimi Michael , Gleeson Elizabeth M. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Hogg Melissa E. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Tingstedt Bobby , Uhl Waldemar , Werner Jens , Williamsson Caroline , Zeh Herbert J. , Zureikat Amer H. , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Pitt Henry A. , Besselink Marc G. , Keck Tobias ,   for the Global Audits on Pancreatic Surgery Group (GAPASURG)
Published: September 2024

Background

Minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD) has emerged as an alternative to open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD). However, the extent of variation in the use and outcomes of MIPD in relation to OPD among countries is unclear as international studies using registry data are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the use, patient selection, and outcomes of MIPD and OPD in four transatlantic audits for pancreatic surgery.

Methods

A post hoc comparative analysis including consecutive patients after MIPD and OPD from four nationwide and multicenter pancreatic surgery audits from North America, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden (2014–2020). Patient factors related to MIPD were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Outcome analyses excluded the Swedish audit because < 100 MIPD were performed during the studied period.

Results

Overall, 44,076 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were included (29,107 North America, 7586 Germany, 4970 the Netherlands, and 2413 Sweden), including 3328 MIPD procedures (8%). The use of MIPD varied widely among countries (absolute largest difference [ALD] 17%, p < 0.001): 7% North America, 4% Germany, 17% the Netherlands, and 0.1% Sweden. Over time, the use of MIPD increased in North America and the Netherlands (p < 0.001), mostly driven by robotic MIPD, but not in Germany (p = 0.297). Patient factors predicting the use of MIPD included country, later year of operation, better performance status, high POPF-risk score, no vascular resection, and non-malignant indication. Conversion rates were higher in laparoscopic MIPD (range 28–45%), compared to robotic MIPD (range 9–37%). In-hospital/30-day mortality differed among North America, Germany, and the Netherlands; MIPD (2%, 7%, 4%; ALD 5%, p < 0.001) and OPD (2%, 5%, 3%; ALD 3%, p < 0.001), similar to major morbidity; MIPD (25%, 42%, 38%, ALD 17%, p < 0.001) and OPD (25%, 31%, 30%, ALD 6%, p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Considerable differences were found in the use and outcome, including conversion and mortality rates, of MIPD and OPD among four transatlantic audits for pancreatic surgery. Our findings highlight the need for international collaboration to optimize treatment standards and patient outcome.
CCS: Chancen und Risiken einer umstrittenen Technologie
Authors: Ott Holger , Kulich Jakob
Published: October 2024

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) wird zunehmend als unverzichtbare Technologie zur Erreichung unserer Klimaziele angesehen. CCS gilt aber auch als „Geoengineering“ und wirft Fragen nach der Nachhaltigkeit und den Risiken der CO2-Speicherung auf. Die Diskussionen werden häufig emotional und ohne den notwendigen technischen Hintergrund geführt. Dieser Artikel soll helfen, CCS als Technologie einzuordnen und die Diskussion um CCS auf eine sachliche Ebene zu bringen. Dazu wird auf die CCS-Technologiekette und deren technologischen Reifegrad eingegangen. Der Artikel konzentriert sich auf die geologische Speicherung, die das sicherheitskritische Element in der CCS-Kette ist, und geht der Frage nach, warum die geologische Speicherung von CO2 notwendig ist und wie sie sich von anderen Technologien zur Abscheidung und Nutzung von CO2 unterscheidet. Abschließend werden die Situation und die Optionen im Rahmen der österreichischen Carbon Management Strategie (CSM) diskutiert.
Hydroakustisches Monitoring der Fischwanderung an der unstrukturierten Blockrampe (UBR) am Wehr Brunau
Authors: Marschick Johannes , Thonhauser Stefan , Hauer Christoph , Schletterer Martin
Published: September 2024

Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Erstellung eines Gesamtkonzepts zum Fischmonitoring an einer unstrukturierten Blockrampe, welches in weiterer Folge als Grundlage für weitere Untersuchungen an Fließgewässern dienen sollte. Die hierbei betrachtete unstrukturierte Blockrampe befindet sich an der Ötztaler Ache im Ortsgebiet von Brunau (Bezirk Imst) in Tirol. Unter Zuhilfenahme einer hydroakustischen Methode konnte klar dargelegt werden, dass das Bauwerk das longitudinale Kontinuum wiederhergestellt hat und die Fischwanderung wieder ermöglicht. Von den eingesetzten Machine-Learning-Algorithmen wurde erhofft, dass diese den Sichtungsaufwand der hydroakustischen Videos drastisch reduzieren, jedoch zeigten sich die niedrig aufgelösten hydroakustischen Daten als zu problematisch für die vorhandenen Modelle. Diese Ergebnisse wurden auch durch Elektrobefischungen untermauert. Bei diesen Befischungen wurde im Oberwasser die seltene Begleitart Äsche gefangen, welche vor dem Bau der unstrukturierten Blockrampe oberhalb der Wehranlage nicht nachgewiesen war.
A process model approach to integrate future climate change into corporate strategies
Authors: Gehrke Janna-Malin , Groth Markus , Seipold Peer
Published: September 2024

To prepare for climate-related risks, a scientifically sound forward-looking integration and disclosure of climate-related data is key. Furthermore, companies also face an increasing demand in non-financial reporting, such as the use of climate change scenarios as part of risk analyses as well as for meeting the Technical Screening Criteria for a substantial contribution or Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) to the environmental goals to show alignment of economic activities with the EU Taxonomy Regulation. Currently, however, companies are still leaving notable gaps in the incorporation of forward-looking climate data and scenarios into reporting and long-term planning strategies. Against this background, the paper describes and discusses the development and concept of an eight-step process model as an innovative way to integrate future climate change into corporate processes. This problem-driven approach is developed in close collaboration and co-creation with companies. It comprises the following phases: i) inventory, ii) prioritization, iii) identification, iv) availability, v) enablement, vi) derivation and implementation of measures, vii) evaluation, and viii) process reinforcement. Also taking into account existing regulations, standards and recommendations for risk assessment and reporting, the process model aims to enable decision makers in companies to identify and assess climate change-related impacts and to take regional climate change information into account. Based on this information – combined with additional local knowledge –, companies can identify suitable adaptation options and develop transformative risk-management solutions. This includes new forms of collaboration, embedded in a framework of a transdisciplinary co-production process. Therefore, a close and trust-based cooperation between internal and external stakeholders right from the outset is a key factor for success.
Lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous detection of C. difficile, MRSA, and K. pneumoniae
Authors: Rubio-Monterde Ana , Rivas Lourdes , Gallegos Marc , Quesada-González Daniel , Merkoçi Arben
Published: October 2024

Mainly performed within a rapid diagnostic tests company, a lateral flow (LF) system using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as transducers is presented able to detect three bacteria of interest, of relevance for antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Clostridioides difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with a limit of detection of 25 ng/mL of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) for C. difficile, 36 ng/mL of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) for MRSA, and 4 × 106 CFU/mL for K. pneumoniae. The system showed good results with bacteria culture samples, is user-friendly, and suitable for rapid testing, as the results are obtained within 15 min.

Graphical Abstract
Emerging lasers and light-based therapies in the management of acne: a review
Authors: Jean-Pierre Philippe , Tordjman Lea , Ghodasara Arjun , Nwosu Chika , Nouri Keyvan
Published: September 2024

Acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne, is the most prevalent skin disorder affecting mainly adolescents and young adults, though it can affect people of all ages, making it the most common complaint by patients presenting to a dermatologist. The overactivity of sebaceous glands primarily drives this skin condition due to androgen influence and the presence of Cutibacterium acnes bacteria. Although typically not directly harmful to patient health, acne can be a highly debilitating disease for patients, affecting their self-image and psychosocial well-being. Standard treatments include topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, topical antibiotics, and, for more severe cases, systemic antibiotics or isotretinoin, which require prolonged periods of compliance. All these pharmacologic treatments have a risk of side effects ranging from mild ones, like skin irritation and dryness, to severe ones, like depression. Thus, there is a demand for exploring other treatment modalities in treating acne, and laser and light-based therapies have garnered significant interest. This review article will comprehensively assess emerging laser and other light-based therapies that have shown efficacy in treating acne, including the recently FDA-approved 1,726 nm laser.
Comparing EQ-5D-5L, PROPr, SF-6D and TTO utilities in patients with chronic skin diseases
Authors: Szabó Ákos , Brodszky Valentin , Rencz Fanni
Published: September 2024

Objectives

We aim to compare the measurement properties of three indirect (EQ-5D-5L, PROPr, SF-6D) and one direct (time trade-off, TTO) utility assessment methods in patients with chronic skin diseases.

Methods

120 patients with physician-diagnosed chronic skin diseases (psoriasis 39%, atopic dermatitis 27%, acne 19%) completed a cross-sectional survey. Respondents completed the EQ-5D-5L, PROMIS-29+2 and SF-36v1 questionnaires and a 10-year TTO task for own current health. Utilities were computed using the US value sets. Ceiling, convergent and known-group validity were compared across the utilities derived with these four methods. Known-groups were defined based on general, physical and mental health. The agreement between utilities was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

Mean utilities for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr, SF-6D and TTO were 0.79, 0.47, 0.76 and 0.89. In corresponding order, the ceiling was 28%, 0%, 2% and 65%. The SF-6D showed excellent agreement with the EQ-5D-5L (ICC = 0.770). PROPr demonstrated poor agreement with the EQ-5D-5L (ICC = 0.381) and fair with SF-6D utilities (ICC = 0.445). TTO utilities showed poor agreement with indirectly assessed utilities (ICC = 0.058–0.242). The EQ-5D-5L better discriminated between known groups of general and physical health, while the SF-6D and PROPr outperformed the EQ-5D-5L for mental health problems.

Conclusion

There is a great variability in utilities across the four methods in patients with chronic skin conditions. The EQ-5D-5L, despite its higher ceiling, appears to be the most efficient in discriminating between patient groups for physical health aspects. Our findings inform the choice of instrument for quality-adjusted life year calculations in cost-utility analyses.
Frölicher spectral sequence of compact complex manifolds with special Hermitian metrics
Authors: Latorre Adela , Ugarte Luis , Villacampa Raquel
Published: October 2024

In this paper we focus on the interplay between the behaviour of the Frölicher spectral sequence and the existence of special Hermitian metrics on the manifold, such as balanced, SKT or generalized Gauduchon. The study of balanced metrics on nilmanifolds endowed with strongly non-nilpotent complex structures allows us to provide infinite families of compact balanced manifolds with Frölicher spectral sequence not degenerating at the second page. Moreover, this result is extended to non-degeneration at any arbitrary page. Similar results are obtained for the Frölicher spectral sequence of compact generalized Gauduchon manifolds. We also find a compact SKT manifold whose Frölicher spectral sequence does not degenerate at the second page, thus providing a counterexample to a conjecture by Popovici.
Anthropogenic impacts drive habitat suitability in South Asian bats
Authors: Srinivasulu Aditya , Senapathi Deepa , González-Suárez Manuela
Published: September 2024

Despite their diversity and importance as ecological indicators and ecosystem service providers, the macroecology of bats in South Asia is poorly understood, and until recently studies on the ecological niches of these species have been rare. This study analyses the ecogeographic predictors of habitat suitability in South Asian bats by conducting ensemble ecological niche modelling using four algorithms (random forests, artificial neural networks, multivariate adaptive regression splines, and maximum entropy) to define suitability envelopes for 48 selected bat species, based on topographic, hydrographic, land-use, land-cover, and other anthropogenic impact factors. Anthropogenic impact variables showed high importance with Median Night-time Light being the biggest driver of habitat suitability for most of the study species with generally lower suitability of brighter areas. Projected suitable areas for individual species covered between 6.28% and 22.98% of the study area. Regions such as the Thar desert of northwestern India were consistently identified to have low suitability. The Western Ghats in India, the Himalayas in Bhutan, northern India, and Nepal, and Sri Lanka were identified as suitability hotspots for more than half the studied species overlapping with human-impacted habitats. This study offers insight into the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on the macroecology of bats in a megadiverse region and stresses the importance of analysing ecogeographic effects on ecological niches and habitat suitability, which can be vital to inform conservation planning and policymaking in the future.
Evaluating Negotiators Who Deceptively Communicate Anger or Happiness: On the Importance of Morality, Sociability, and Competence
Authors: Ye Zi , Lelieveld Gert-Jan , van Dijk Eric
Published: October 2024

Research has shown that negotiators sometimes misrepresent their emotions, and communicate a different emotion to opponents than they actually experience. Less is known about how people evaluate such negotiation tactics. Building on person perception literature, we investigated in three preregistered studies (N = 853) how participants evaluate negotiators who deceptively (vs. genuinely) communicate anger or happiness, on the dimensions of morality, sociability, and competence. Study 1 employed a buyer/seller setting, Studies 2 and 3 employed an Ultimatum Bargaining Game (UBG). In all studies, participants learned a negotiator’s (the target’s) experienced and communicated emotions (anger or happiness), before evaluating the target. Across studies, targets were evaluated lower on morality if they deceptively (vs. genuinely) communicated anger or happiness. Notably, negotiators deceptively communicating anger were evaluated lower on morality and sociability but higher on competence than those deceptively communicating happiness. Studies 2 and 3 investigated behavioral consequences by examining whether in a future negotiation participants chose the target to be their opponent or representative. Results showed that for opponents, participants preferred targets who genuinely communicated happiness (vs. anger), which was associated with their perceived morality or sociability. For representatives, participants not only preferred targets who had genuinely communicated happiness (vs. anger), but also targets who had deceptively communicated anger (vs. happiness), which was associated with their perceived competence. These findings show that when evaluating deceptive (vs. genuine) communication strategies, people distinguish between morality, sociability, and competence. The importance they attach to these dimensions is also contingent on the behavioral decisions they face.
Functional links between the microbiome and the molecular pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Permain Jessica , Hock Barry , Eglinton Timothy , Purcell Rachel
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer, with a concerning rise in early-onset CRC cases, signalling a shift in disease epidemiology. Whilst our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of CRC has expanded, the complexities underlying its initiation remain elusive, with emerging evidence implicating the microbiome in CRC pathogenesis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the intricate interplay between the microbiome, tumour microenvironment (TME), and molecular pathways driving CRC carcinogenesis. Recent studies have reported how the microbiome may modulate the TME and tumour immune responses, consequently influencing cancer progression, and whilst specific bacteria have been linked with CRC, the underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood. By elucidating the functional links between microbial landscapes and carcinogenesis pathways, this review offers insights into how bacteria orchestrate diverse pathways of CRC development, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and personalized intervention strategies.
Socially Disruptive Technologies and Conceptual Engineering
Authors: Veluwenkamp Herman , Hopster Jeroen , Köhler Sebastian , Löhr Guido
Published: September 2024

In this special issue, we focus on the connection between conceptual engineering and the philosophy of technology. Conceptual engineering is the enterprise of introducing, eliminating, or revising words and concepts. The philosophy of technology examines the nature and significance of technology. We investigate how technologies such as AI and genetic engineering (so-called “socially disruptive technologies”) disrupt our practices and concepts, and how conceptual engineering can address these disruptions. We also consider how conceptual engineering can enhance the practice of ethical design. The issue features seven articles that discuss a range of topics, including trust in blockchain applications and the evolving concept of nature. These articles highlight that as technology changes the world and our concepts, conceptual engineering provides invaluable tools and frameworks to reflect on these changes and adapt accordingly.
Environmental shifts and their impact on sponge-associated macroinvertebrate communities in seagrass ecosystems
Authors: Briceño-Vera Antony Enrique , Ávila Enrique , Rodríguez-Santiago María Amparo , Nava Héctor
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to assess the alterations in the community structure of macroinvertebrates associated with two seagrass-dwelling sponge species following a shift in the environmental conditions. Individuals of the sponge Amorphinopsis atlantica, whose optimal distribution is in areas exposed to wind-driven waves, were transplanted to a less exposed area and, contrarily, individuals of Haliclona implexiformis, whose optimal distribution is in less exposed areas, were transplanted to an exposed area. After 71 days, individuals of A. atlantica showed a decrease in the density (75.5%), family richness (29.8%), and diversity (22.2%) of associated macroinvertebrates regarding controls, whereas those of H. implexiformis showed an increase in the density (85.9%), family richness (57.7%), and diversity (20.8%). These changes were attributed to species turnover, recruitment of some associated taxa, and morphological changes in one of the host sponge species. In the exposed site, the associated communities were more influenced by the hydrodynamism and sedimentation rate, and in the protected site, by salinity and the concentrations of organic matter in surface sediments and the water column. Overall, this study highlights the complex interactions between environmental conditions and marine biodiversity, providing valuable data for the conservation and management of seagrass meadow ecosystems and their associated sponge communities.
A self-supervised seed-driven approach to topic modelling and clustering
Authors: Ravenda Federico , Bahrainian Seyed Ali , Raballo Andrea , Mira Antonietta , Crestani Fabio
Published: September 2024

Topic models are useful tools for extracting the most salient themes within a collection of documents, grouping them to construct clusters representative of each specific topic. These clusters summarize and represent the semantic contents of the documents for better document interpretation. In this work, we present a light approach able to learn topic representations in a Self-Supervised fashion. More specifically, we propose a lightweight and scalable architecture using a seed-word driven approach to simultaneously co-learn a representation from a document and its corresponding word embeddings. The results obtained on a variety of datasets of different sizes and natures show that our model is capable of extracting meaningful topics. Furthermore, our experiments on five benchmark datasets illustrate that our model outperforms both traditional and neural topic modelling baseline models in terms of different coherence and clustering accuracy measures.
Best practices for machine learning strategies aimed at process parameter development in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Samadiani Najmeh , Barnard Amanda S. , Gunasegaram Dayalan , Fayyazifar Najmeh
Published: October 2024

The process parameters used for building a part utilizing the powder-bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) system have a direct influence on the quality—and therefore performance—of the final object. These parameters are commonly chosen based on experience or, in many cases, iteratively through experimentation. Discovering the optimal set of parameters via trial and error can be time-consuming and costly, as it often requires examining numerous permutations and combinations of parameters which commonly have complex interactions. However, machine learning (ML) methods can recommend suitable processing windows using models trained on data. They achieve this by efficiently identifying the optimal parameters through analyzing and recognizing patterns in data described by a multi-dimensional parameter space. We reviewed ML-based forward and inverse models that have been proposed to unlock the process–structure–property–performance relationships in both directions and assessed them in relation to data (quality, quantity, and diversity), ML method (mismatches and neglect of history), and model evaluation. To address the common shortcomings inherent in the published works, we propose strategies that embrace best practices. We point out the need for consistency in the reporting of details relevant to ML models and advocate for the development of relevant international standards. Significantly, our recommendations can be adopted for ML applications outside of AM where an optimum combination of process parameters (or other inputs) must be found with only a limited amount of training data.