bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed correlated parameters of adaptive and innate immunity in chronically irradiated subjects
Authors: Kodintseva Е. А. , Akleyev А. А.
Published: April 2022

Radiation-induced changes in the immune system develop quite early after the onset of radiation exposure and persist over a long time after it's removal. In case of chronic radiation exposure at dose rate lower than 0.1 Gy/year, the threshold of annual dose to suppress red bone marrow hemato- and immunopoiesis reaches 0.3-0.5 Gy. It was shown that adaptation mechanisms are triggered under the chronic impact of ionizing radiation in the hematopoietic system. In our study we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed relationships between individual arms of the immune system which is important for understanding features of homeostasis and the adaptation capacity of immune system in chronically irradiated subjects at later time points. The main group included 376 persons exposed to chronic irradiation due to 1949-1960 industrial pollution with radioactive waste residing in Techa River basin. Average radiation dose for the red bone marrow in this group was 1.08±0.04 (0.08-4.46) Gy. The comparison group included 162 unexposed persons. The mean age of people in the main and comparison group was 70.3±0.3 (58-88) and 69.3±0.5 (58-90) years, respectively. The Kendall correlation analysis identified 82 statistically significant correlations (correlation coefficient higher than 0.3, p 0.05) between individual immune parameters versus 65 similar correlations found in the comparison group. The majority of identified correlation links in both groups ranged from 0.3 to 0.5 (main group – 57 correlations, comparison group – 41 correlations). There were found 16 and 14 correlations in the main and comparison group, respectively, with a coefficient ranged from 0.5 to 0.7. The correlation coefficient value higher than 0.7 was noted for 9 correlations in the main group and for 10 – in the comparison group. The χ-square analysis revealed no significant differences between total number of correlations and number of correlations of varying strength both in the main and comparison groups. The obtained data are consistent with previous studies and confirm that delayed changes in the immune system of subjects exposed to chronic low-rate irradiation were mild and evidenced about developed feedforward and feedback compensatory mechanisms.
IL17A rs2275913 polymorphism and features of immunological parameters in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis during allergen-specific immunotherapy
Authors: Irsalieva F. Kh. , Dustbabaeva N. D. , Kamalov Z. S. , Ziyadullaev Sh. Kh. , Nurmatova N. F. , Akhmedov Zh. Kh.
Published: April 2022

Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a global healthcare challenge. Epidemiology data demonstrate that around 20% of all-age group subjects suffer from allergic rhinitis. Over the last decades, AR incidence and morbidity have been markedly increased due to poorly understood causes. For instance, in the last decade AR prevalence has been elevated by 2-fold in Uzbekistan. However, medical records related to AR prevalence based on patient visit rate infer that it is dozens of times lower than actual data and reflects in no way severity of the problem, but sufficient enough to outline its large-scale spread. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) requiring further development and adjustments represents one of the most promising approaches to treat allergic diseases. Some researchers note rise in respiratory tract allergic disease (AD) prevalence including caused by pollen allergens. Therapeutic interventions in this type of pathology emerging due to chronic inflammatory process mainly in airway mucosa are aimed at achieving good control over disease symptoms, lowering risk of subsequent exacerbations and preventing AD aggravation. IL-17 belongs to the Th17 cell-derived cytokines that was described relatively recently. IL17 genes encode six proteins (molecular weight 20-30 kDa), among which IL17A and IL17F display peak sequence homology and were studied in numerous cell types. IL-17 family proteins take part in various reactions of immune response being mainly secreted by Th17 cells. It was shown that immunological mechanisms particularly mediated by cytokines such as IL-17A involved in inflammation, regeneration and fibrogenesis are crucial in progression of diverse infectious diseases.
Sensitization to inhalation allergens in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Authors: Barilo A. A. , Smirnova S. V.
Published: April 2022

Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease that affects various body organs and systems, mainly targeting the skin. In recent years, an association of autoimmune diseases with atopy has been actively debated. The published data aimed at examining relationship between atopy and psoriasis are very scarce and highly contradictory that account for importance of our study. Generation of transcutaneous sensitization due to potential invasion of allergens across impaired epidermal barrier in psoriasis is of special interest. We aimed at investigating a range of sensitization to pollen, fungal and indoor allergens in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and comparatively analyze our data. There were enrolled patients with psoriasis vulgaris (group 1, n = 27) aged 18 to 67 years (mean age 41.0±3.1 years). The comparison group consisted of patients with atopic dermatitis (group 2, n = 41) aged 18 to 57 (mean age 28.0±1.5 years). Allergen-specific examination was carried out (collection of allergic history, determining sensitization). Skin prick testing was performed by using standardized allergens (Allergopharma, Germany). Statistical data were analyzed by using the Statistica 6.0 software package. While conducting a comparative analysis regarding a range of sensitization to pollen allergens, it was found that sensitization to tree and weed pollen in patients with atopic dermatitis vs psoriasis was observed at significantly higher rate. Sensitization to indoor allergens in patients with atopic dermatitis vs psoriasis tended to increase. More than half of patients with psoriasis revealed sensitization to pollen derived from meadows, weeds, grasses and trees. Sensitization to Candida albicans tended to rise in patients with psoriasis vs atopic dermatitis. Moreover, we found that patients with psoriasis exerted much higher sensitization to Candida albicans, Cladosporium herbarum and indoor allergens was revealed. Hence, presence of damaged epidermal barrier in psoriasis likely contributes to increased invasion of inhalation allergens and formation of percutaneous sensitization. Therefore, further investigation of features related to the range of sensitization to various allergen groups in psoriasis seems promising and may lead to discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Relation between TNFα and S100B in patients with herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Knysh S. V. , Nevezhkina T. A. , Kostyushko A. V. , Ilyina P. S.
Published: April 2022

One of the most important components in the pathogenesis of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia is presented by disturbed neuroimmune interaction, characterized by development of chronic inflammation in the nervous system structures. Normally existing interaction between immune and nervous systems is altered and results in development of pathological system. Altered level of TNFα and S100B proteins may characterize the features of neuroimmune inflammation during herpes zoster infection. Objective: to assess a relationship between TNFα and S100B level in patients with herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. We examined 106 patients with herpes zoster within the framework of our study. Based on assessing intensity of pain syndrome and its three-month follow-up data after primary treatment patients were subdivided into 3 main groups: group I – weak or moderate pain syndrome; group II – severe pain syndrome; group III – postherpetic neuralgia. The control group contained 30 age-matched apparently healthy volunteers. Venous blood sampling was performed twice: on day 1 and day 10 after disease onset. Biological material in control group was collected once. Level of blood serum TNFα and S100B was measured by using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) on analyzer “Multiscan”. While assessing TNFα level in all three main groups, its lowered level was detected (p 0.05) on day 1, without finding inter-group differences. On day 10 after disease onset, level of TNFα did not differ from the control values found in groups I and II, while in group III it remained lowered, not being significantly differed from those found on day 1. Level of S100B in the blood serum in patients vs. control group was equivalently increased (p 0.05), showing no inter-group differences. On day 10, the level of S100B in the blood serum from patients of groups I and II tended to stabilize, by decreasing almost by 2-fold to reference intervals in group I, without reaching control values, in group II. Patients from group III were found to have serum level of S100B remained elevated compared to control group without dynamic changes between 1 and 10 days. A correlation analysis for TNFα and s100b protein revealed significant feedback relation between them (p 0.05) in group III.
Effects of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists polymuramyl as well as NOD2 agonist glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide on phenotype of neutrophile granulocyte CD64-CD16+CD32+CD11b+, CD16+CD62L+CD63-, CD16+CD62L+CD63+ subsets
Authors: Nesterova I. V. , Chudilova G. A. , Pavlenko V. N. , Kovaleva S. V. , Tarakanov V. A. , Barova N. K.
Published: April 2022

Antimicrobial activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) is based on effective recognition and elimination of microbial pathogens, as well as on complex intracellular signal transduction pathways interconnecting these processes. NG dysfunction leads to emergence of atypical infectious and inflammatory diseases recalcitrant to standard interventions, which requires new vector platforms aimed at restoring normal NG functioning and overcoming antibiotic resistance. Moreover, we emphasize about special interest paid to the NOD1 and NOD2 agonist polymuramyl and NOD2 agonist glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide. Objective of the study was to compare effects triggered by NOD1 and NOD2 agonist polymuramyl and NOD2 agonist glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide on phenotype of neutrophilic granulocyte subsets CD64- CD16+CD32+CD11b+, CD16+CD62L+CD63-, CD16+CD62L+CD63+ in the in vitro system. 64 samples of peripheral blood (PC) collected from 8 apparently healthy children (4 boys and 4 girls) aged 3 to 9 years were examined by flow cytometry (FC 500, Beckman Coulter, USA) assessing NG surface receptors CD64, CD16, CD32, CD11b, CD62L, CD63 with MonAb (Beckman Coulter International S. A., France) by analyzing NG number (%) expressing receptors examined, density of receptor expression measured as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). For this, there were assessed intact peripheral blood NG from apparently healthy children (comparison group) as well as those exposed to polymuramyl (PM) (at concentration of 10-6 g/l) or glucosaminylmuramyl-dipeptide (GMDP) (at concentration of 10-6 g/l) for 60 minutes at 37 °С temperature. Comparative analysis of surface receptor expression was performed on CD64-CD16+CD32+CD11b+, CD16+CD62L+CD63- and CD16+CD62L+CD63+ NG subsets that suggested about positive transformation of activation parameters in circulating NG exposed to NOD1 and NOD2 agonist polymuramyl as well as NOD2 agonist glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide. At the same time, similar effects of varying intensity were revealed manifested as increased count of NG subsets CD16+CD62L+CD63+ bearing increased level of CD16 and reduced CD62L expression, as well as differences uncovered as significantly increased expression of surface membrane molecules CD16 and CD11b in CD64-CD16+CD32+CD11b+ NG subset from apparently healthy children exposed to polymuramyl as well as increased surface CD32 expression after incubation with GMDP.
Dynamics of innate immunity parameters in acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Markelova E. V. , Fomina O. I. , Arsenina V. Yu.
Published: April 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) developing after cardiac surgery remains unsolved issue despite the high level of surgical techniques as well as organ and tissue protection during artificial blood circulation. Various publications demonstrate that complications emerge in as many as 42% cases, whereas renal replacement therapy is required in up to 1-8% cases. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and activation of the blood coagulation system largely underlie developing AKI finally resulting in acute renal failure. Release of large amounts of cytokines is associated with subclinical renal damage, primarily with blocking renal glomerular filtration. Measuring concentration of serum inflammatory markers that could reflect activity of inflammatory events is crucial for predicting and selecting treatment methods as well as for identifying predictors of severe course with opportunity of early onset renal replacement therapy after hospitalization. Objective of our study was to assess diagnostic and prognostic value of innate immunity parameters such as interleukin (IL) 6, 8, 10, 17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), growth factor TGF-β1 in patients with acute kidney injury before and after CABG. Blood serum samples collected from 120 patients (males and females) with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were examined before and after CABG. It was found that patients with acute kidney injury had elevated serum level of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNFα, and TGF-β1 in all groups on day 1 and day 2 after surgery. Hence, we provided the data on more detailed investigation of immune alterations in cardiosurgical patients with AKI prepared for planned CABG.
Retrospective analysis of pediatric primary immunodeficiencies with congenital heart defects
Authors: Deryabina S. S. , Cheremokhin D. A. , Tuzankina I. A. , Bolkov M. A. , Shinvary Kh.
Published: April 2022

Around 20,000 children with heart defects are born annually in the Russian Federation, among which around 5,000 children are manifested by its critical course that requires surgical correction within the first days after birth. Although timely pre- and postnatal diagnostics of congenital heart pathology allows to provide proper therapeutic and surgical assistance for such patients, it is hard to minimize severe complications at any stage of the child’s treatment. Quite often, post-surgery patients are unable to cope with serious complications caused by infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, endocardium and meninges. A special place is taken by cases of severe postoperative period: long-term non-healing postoperative wounds and septic disorders leading to patient death. Here we put forward an idea that congenital heart disease may serve as a marker of primary immunodeficiency characterized by lowered parameters of cellular and humoral immunity. Current retrospective study included 29 children died within the first year of life, whose medical records demonstrated confirmed congenital heart disease and manifested signs of immune-dependent pathology. There were analyzed data regarding pregnancy course in order to identify factors contributing to early diagnostics of immune-related pathology associated with CHD. The analysis of existing problems affecting proper diagnostics and treatment of children with congenital heart disease coupled to “covert” PID form was performed. It was noted that among twenty described syndromes manifested with congenital heart disease, seven are currently referred to the group of primary immunodeficiencies. Types of congenital heart defects in the study group ranged from disorders of the valve apparatus to the non-functional opening between heart chambers. Signs of immune-related pathology included decreased thymus size revealed by ultrasound examination as well as lowered value of genetic markers TREC and KREC, retrospectively obtained from neonatal dry blood spots. Finally, we name a key element for successful differential diagnostics of PID with congenital heart disease – awareness of various medical workers about such pathology for developing algorithms for their interaction with regard to management of such comorbid patients.
Role of MP-4 myelopeptide in regulation of antibody production and functional activity of macrophages under stress conditions
Authors: Gavrilova T. V. , Oralova D. A. , Gein O. N. , Chereshneva M. V.
Published: April 2022

Myelopeptides are endogenous low-molecular weight peptides with immunoregulatory activity. Each of these myelopeptides has an individual sequence and plays a role in correction of immune system disorders. In our earlier studies, we have shown immunomodulatory effect of MP-3, MP-5, MP-6 myelopeptides upon functioning of peritoneal macrophages under the conditions of immobilization and cold stresses. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of MP-4 myelopeptide upon antibody formation, production of reactive oxygen species, and absorptive activity of peritoneal macrophages in mice under the immobilization stress. Materials and methods. The in vivo experiments were carried out in 24 male Swiss mice weighing 17-22 g. Two-or six-hour immobilization stress was produced in the animals. MP-4 was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the onset of stress, at a dose of 40 μg/kg. The animals were divided into 4 groups: 1, control; 2, stress; 3, stress + MP-4; 4, MP-4 injection. On day +5, cellularity and the number of antibody-forming cells (AOC) in spleen were assessed by the method of local hemolysis in an agarose gel according to Jerne. Production of reactive oxygen species by peritoneal cells was assessed using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LZHL) reaction. The absorption capacity of peritoneal macrophages was assessed using a standard method using a BDFACSCalibur laser flow cytometer. Labeled St. aureus at a final concentration of 108 cells/ml were used as phagocytosis targets. Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired Student's t-test. Results. It was found that two-hour immobilization stress did not affect the absorption activity of peritoneal leukocytes, whereas six-hour stress suppressed phagocytosis. Injection of MP-4 in stress-exposed animals did not lead to changes in phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. MP-4 did not correct the stress-induced decrease in the number of antibody-forming cells from the spleen during six hours of immobilization, nor stress-induced increase in absolute amounts of AOC under the two-hour immobilization stress. In the group of animals receiving MP-4 and immobilized for two-hours, an increase in the number of nucleated cells was increased, as compared with the control group. Thus, in contrast to the previously studied myelopeptides, MP-4 did not show pronounced immunomodulatory effects upon these parameters.
New realities of European labour market. Focus on Spain
Authors: Ermolieva E. G.
Published: April 2022

The European labour market, being an integral part of the global one, is currently under the influence of cyclical macroeconomic trends when periods of positive growth are replaced by crises and economic recessions. The instability of the European economy during the protracted crisis, which started in 2008, led to the labour market slack, an increase in unemployment and the spread of nonstandard forms of employment. The post crisis period defined as the “new norm” and used to describe the socio-economic impact of the global recession, turned out to be short to stabilize working sectors: in early 2020 the world was struck down by the COVID-19 pandemic which caused unprecedented and widespread job loss. Countries of Southern Europe, including Spain, were among the most deeply affected. By using the Iberian case, the author tries to show the main patterns of employment situation during the pandemic and analyze the steps taken by the Spanish government to prevent further employment decline. To reduce unemployment and preserve jobs, Spain, following its neighbors’ model, introduced a shortterm underemployment regime (ERTE) which implies a temporary suspension of labour contracts. These measures had certain results; however, a cross-country analysis reveals their lower efficiency in comparison with the achievements in the states of the center and north of Europe. Spanish employment sector is predicted to recover slowly. The future will show how successful these initiatives of the Spanish government will be. However, on this path, a greater political consensus should be achieved.
Glimpses from the Activities of Ottoman Guilds: The Register AQSH. F. 141, D. 2 of the Central Archives of the State, Tirana, Albania
Authors: Giakoumis Konstantinos
Published: April 2022

This working paper publishes for the first time in its entirety a manuscript kept at the Central Archives of the (Albanian) State, Tirana: AQSH. F. 141, D. 2. The codex casts light to several aspects of the cultural, social, economic, religious and educational life of the city of Moschopolis (Alb. Voskopoja) in the course of the eighteenth century, i.e., both, prior to and after the city’s first destruction (1769). In its 60 folios, multiple acts dated from 1714 to 1791 are recorded. The manuscript is written in Greek, the lingua franca of the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire and has remained largely unknown to date. Its modular structure contains eight parts: 1r-45v: This part contains a variety of acts related to the administration, functions and operations of Voskopoja’s guild of tailors from 10.06.1714 to 15.03.1749. 46r-48v: It contains acts related to the reconstruction and upgrading of the former educational institution of Voskopoja to a Greek School, the establishment of a provident fund to alleviate poverty, as well as donations to accomplish these ends, dated from 1750 to 10 May 1752. 49r-50r: It is a register of donations to the church of the Great Taxiarchs Michael and Gabriel in the Iliou quarter, dating from 1762 to 27 August 1772. 50v-52r: It extends from 1772 to 1778 and records various donations to the nowadays demolished church of St Spyridon. 52r-53r: In this part records are made again of donations to the church of the Archangels, dating 1778 to 1782. 53v-55r: This sixth part records donations to the nowadays also demolished church of St Varvara from 1782 and also contains a short reference to a donation to the church of St Charalambos, to the Greek School of the city and the church of the Taxiarchs. 56r-59v: This part deals with the 1760 reconstruction of the (demolished) church of St Charalambos, donations offered to this end and details of the sort of works that were made possible through such donations.
Conhecimentos botânicos na obra elementos de botânica geral e médica (1877), de Joaquim Monteiro Caminhoá
Authors: Varela Alex Gonçalves , Machado Igor
Published: April 2022

Joaquim Monteiro Caminhoá (1836-1896) foi um dos mais atuantes cientistas do Império do Brasil. Contudo, sua trajetória enquanto estudioso da Botânica ainda não foi devidamente estudada, e as suas produções científicas ainda não foram analisadas criticamente de forma densa. Temos como objetivo analisar a obra Elementos de Botânica Geral e Médica, de autoria de Joaquim Monteiro Caminhoá, publicada em 1877, em particular os capítulos intitulados Botânica Fóssil, Teratologia Vegetal, e Patologia Vegetal, que integram os volumes de número dois e três, e a sua contribuição para o processo de emergência e consolidação das ciências naturais no Império do Brasil.
Assessment of Average Correction of Cobb’s Angle Post Instrumentation in Adolescent Ideopathic Scoliosis in Lenknee Type 1 Curve
Authors:   Services Hospital Lahore, Ali Dr. Syed Haider
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Preferred instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) remains controversial. Surgical correction is classically indicated for progressive curves more than 40° in the skeletally immature patient. Aims and objectives: The basic aim of the study is to analyse the average correction of Cobb’s angle post instrumentation in adolescent ideopathic scoliosis in lenknee type 1 curve. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Services hospital, Lahore during 2020 to 2021. This study was done with the approval of ethical committee of hospital. There are 27 patients that were included in this study. The age range for the selected patients was 14-20 years from which 15 female and 12 male. The total duration of the study was 2 years. Results: The data was collected from 27 patients. In three patients with Lenke type 1 curve, the apex of curve was the disc at T8/9 or the vertebral body at T9. The mean coronal Cobb angle of the main thoracic curve was 43.7° and the Cobb angles of the compensatory curves on thoracolumbar or lumbar region were less than 20°. On scoliometer measurement of the rib hump averaged 18.5°. On the lateral bending film the mean Cobb angle of main thoracic curve was corrected to 15.7°. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients with Lenke 1 increasing the cost density of instrumentation does not translate into improving the Cobb angle of the uninstrumented spine and does not change any of the cosmetic parameters measured on clinical patient photographs.
Analysis of Management of Impacted Urethral Stone in Children
Authors:   Foundation University Islamabad, Sandhu Dr. Umar Javaid
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Urolithiasis is still intriguing due to its mysterious and complex nature, although being known to mankind from before the Christian era. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the management of impacted urethral stone in children. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Foundation University Islamabad during 2020 to 2021. The data were collected from 100 patients. The age range was 1 month to 5 years.The definite history of the multitude of patients were accumulated and 24 hour urine test was gathered from every patient and sent for PH, explicit gravity, Creatinine, uric corrosive, calcium, phosphate, oxalate, citrate and magnesium. Results: The data were collected from 100 patients with the mean age 38 ± 9.01 months. There were 35 male and 65 female patients who were selected this investigation. The primary introducing grievance was amble torment on the influenced side for example in 79.0% patients, trailed by hematuria and consuming micturation. Conclusions: Urethral stone is an important cause of acute retention of urine in children. Anterior urethra is more frequent site of obstruction.
The pain of learning is temporary, the pain of ignorance is lifelong
Authors:   Samarkand State University, Зарипов Бакриддин
Published: April 2022

The article describes a trip to Harvard University and a visit to the library of this educational institution, which opened in 1638. Nowadays, the total fund is about 8 million printed publications. The library network of the university unites 80 libraries of various faculties, such as natural sciences, applied, humanitarian, medical and other scientific departments. Throughout its existence, the university has trained 79 Nobel Prize winners, 45 US presidents, 12 of them were university graduates. And all thanks to the active assistance of the library institutions of the educational institution, which are open 24 hours for visitors, students and teachers. In the United States, library visits have become a common cultural activity among the population. Many families encourage their children to visit the school libraries and advise them which books to read. Also, highly qualified librarians always come to help with their recommendations, that the book is an excellent teacher and mentor.
The library is one of the main social areas of information services
Authors:   THE UZBEKISTAN STATE INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND CULTURE, Nosirov Oktam
Published: April 2022

The concept of continuous education covers the progress of science and technology, the widespread use of advanced production technologies in practice, the mastery of knowledge by a person, the method of fruitful activity and personal qualities that will serve him all his life in the future. Continuing education is the basis of the competitive personnel training system, covers all types of education, state educational standards, and personnel training systems, and create conditions for its activities. Continuous education makes it possible to create the necessary conditions for the formation of a creative, socially active, spiritually rich and highly educated person. In the provision of library and information services, it is necessary to take into account the leading importance of education, the democratization of education, the humanity of education, the social significance of education, the national orientation of education, the close relationship between education and upbringing, the identification of talented youth, and the creation of conditions for obtaining fundamental and specialized knowledge.
Primery innovatsionnoy deyatelnostiv bibliotekax
Authors:   informatsionno-bibliotechnogo tsentra Yukarychirchikskogo rayona Tashkentskoy oblasti, Abdukarimova Dilbar
Published: April 2022

The concept of «innovation» has firmly entered the professional library environment («Innovation» means the use of innovations in its work). Innovation in information and library centres is present in almost all areas of its activities, including mass work, which involves a set of methods and forms of service organisation of a large number of readers or a certain group of users at the same time. Signs of any innovation are novelty, changes, result. Information and library centres are currently expanding their boundaries of impact on the reader, turning into cultural, educational and intellectual and leisure centres, within the walls of which various events are organised for different categories of readers
A look at the history of the Turkestan Public Library is based on the reports of academician VV Bartold
Authors:   Tashkent city ILC ", Azimova Dilnoza ,   Bilim"
Published: April 2022

The history of Turkestan, its rich cultural and spiritual life, our rich heritage were studied with great interest not only by local scientists, but also by scientists of the former regime, which eventually formed in our country. One of these scientists is academician Bartold Vasily Vladimirovich (1869-1930) – an orientalist, turkologist, Islamic scholar, one of the founders of the Russian school of oriental studies. V.V. Bartold graduated from the Faculty of Oriental Languages of St. Petersburg University in 1891 and began working here. As a result of his many years of research, in 1900 he defended his thesis entitled «Turkestan in the era of the Mongol conquest» and received the title of historian of the East. The article points out that V.V. Bartold was a scientist who achieved great practical and scientific results in the study of Turkestan.
Collection of Leon Barshchevsky in the Bukhara Museum
Authors:   Bukhara State Museum-Reserve, Juraev Sherali
Published: April 2022

This article is devoted to the collections of the heritage left by the topographer, researcher and scientist-photographer Leon Barshevsky during his trip to Central Asia, which are currently being collected by descendants, including the collection stored in the documentary fund of the Bukhara State Museum-Reserve. The article lists the formation of the collection and the reasons for its appearance. It also gives a special description of some of the exhibits in the photographer’s collection, explaining their importance. The focus is mainly on ethnographic aspects and historical figures, their relationship with the photographer. The article also contains photos of the exhibition organized at the museum and the visit of famous generations of L. Barshchevsky to Bukhara, as well as information about the enrichment of the museum collection
Bibliographies on the history of the Uzbek press: "National Press Register" and "Turon" jewels
Authors:   bibliographer, source, Nuriddinova Feruza
Published: April 2022

The author of the article published two bibliographic indexes, one of them was released under the title «National Periodicals» and the second under the title «Pearl of Turon». All the sources listed in the indexes are stored in the rare fund of the information and library center «Turon» of the Tashkent region. The first index contains materials from newspaper articles from 1918 to 1930, which were published under various names and printed in the old Uzbek Arabic script. The materials have about 30 different headings for the wide involvement of the readership. The second bibliographic index is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the organization of the “Turon” library and the selected sources are collected on 472 pages. The uniqueness of this bibliographic index lies in the fact that part I covers the activities of the library in the period 1920 – 1930, and also has published articles from newspapers and magazines already before 1940. Part II contains periodicals (about 100 titles) mainly in the Turkic language, as well as in Tajik and Russian languages in the period from 1896 to 1940.
Evolutionary aspects of the plastomes of subfamily Opuntioideae (Cactaceae)
Authors:   , Silva Maria Carolina
Published: April 2022

The plastid emerged through endosymbiosis. This organelle has a circular genome (plastome) of 100 to 220 kb with a quadripartite structure and harboring around 130 genes. The plastid genes are mainly involved in two processes, photosynthesis and gene expression. The non- propagation of plastid genes trough pollen, results at reduced evolutionary variation of these genes, favoring their use as molecular markers in phylogenetic studies at higher taxonomic ranks. On the other hand, there is a high variation in intergenic spaces and introns, which can be used in phylogenetic at lower taxonomic ranks and population genetic studies. Plastid genomics allow us to visualize the evolution of species through plastome rearrangements, gene divergence and degeneration, positive selection, and RNA editing sites. Therefore, the aim of this study was the sequencing of three plastomes of the subfamily Opuntioideae: Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis, Opuntia monacantha, and Opuntia ficus-indica. These species are widely cultivated and used for food, animal fodder, and ornamental purposes. Besides, they have pharmacological applications, as they present interesting bioactive compounds. Here, we characterize in detail the plastome structures, evolution of plastid genes, mapping of molecular markers, and phylogenetic relationships based on plastid sequences. Structurally, Opuntioideae shows unique rearrangements within Cactaceae, such as expansion of the inverted regions. Molecular evolution analyses of the protein-coding genes show a high divergence of genes involved in essential plastid functions. Furthermore, more than half of these plastid genes bear signatures of positive selection. Several shared RNA editing sites were predicted to occur in the plastid genes of the three species in study. Besides, hundreds of molecular markers were mapped in the plastomes sequenced here, which are informative sequences useful to improve taxonomic classifications and conservation strategies of these species. Moreover, the phylogeny based on concatenated genes resulted in a well-supported tree; with Opuntioideae forming a monophyletic clade that is a sister group of Cactoideae. Finally, this study shades light on the evolutionary patterns of the subfamily Opuntioideae (Cactaceae), and contributes with plenty of useful data to be explored and applied to access and understand the genetic diversity of these Opuntioideae species and trace adequate strategies of rational use and conservation. Keywords: Plastome evolution. Gene divergence. Rearrangements. Positive selection. RNA editing. Molecular markers.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PICARESQUE FICTION IN THE NOVEL THE ADVENTURE OF AUGIE MARCH (SAUL BELLOW)
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Khanh , Phan Le Ngoc Thu
Published: April 2022

Picaresque novel is one of the most pre-existing genres of novels in European literature as a provocation against the typical Chivalric romance. The Adventure of Augie March by Saul Bellow is a good example of the return of this genre in the twentieth century. The novel tells the story of the varied and often aimless pursuits of a young man, Augie, growing up in the decades before and during the Great Depression, the great economic cataclysm of the 1930s. Using poetic and sociological research methods, this article focuses on clarifying the characteristics of the picaresque novel in The Adventure of Augie March. This style writing manifested in the plot of the journey, depicting a chaotic world where the main character Augie March - a typical pícaro character in modern life - become a solitary individual, an anti-hero man always seeking out the reason for his existence. The first-person autobiographical narrative and the satire are also classic principles of picaresque genre that can be found in this novel. It can be sail, The Adventure of Augie March is a rebirth of the picaresque novel genre in Saul Bellow's own way to convey contemporary problems. Thereby the readers realize the modern anti-hero is not similar to the heroic figure of the romance, for his world is chaos and he struggles to merely survive, In a world that ignores the rules of chivalry, the only workable rule is every man for himself.
MENTAL HEALTH CARE ACTIVITIES ON DEPRESSION FOR THE ELDERLY (STUDY IN QUANG NGAI CITY, QUANG NGAI PROVINCE)
Authors: Pham Thi Kieu Duyen , Nguyen Thi Tram Anh
Published: April 2022

Mental health care about depression in general and for the elderly is very important, contribute to strengthening the HDI for each country as well as its localities. The study was conducted on 1572 elderly people, 804 relatives/primary carers and 39 local mental health managers and managers based on a survey by means of a poll and a survey method. in-depth interview method. The results show that the rate of elderly people participating in depression prevention activities is very low (2.5%), elderly people and their bodies cope when the elderly show signs of depression, depression activities for the elderly have not been implemented locally. The study sets out the need for a model of mental health care for local elderly people.
Supporting All Students: Teacher Education and the Realities of Trauma
Authors: Darragh Janine , Petrie Gina Mikel
Published: April 2022

This article addresses the potential for preparing teachers to instruct students who are living in contexts of trauma as well as the implications of excluding such preparation. Literature in education, social work, and health care are drawn from to highlight important concepts related to trauma. These include types of trauma, effects of trauma on learning, trauma-informed teaching strategies, and the secondary trauma often experienced by bystanders such as teachers. The current state of trauma training in U.S. teacher educational programs is considered generally as well as within the authors’ specific institutions. Against this backdrop, case study research was conducted of novice and experienced teachers in the United States teaching in contexts in which their students with immigrant and refugee backgrounds were experiencing the impacts of political trauma. Interviews took place immediately after executive orders imposing immigration limits intended to stop or reduce refugee resettlement and asylum applications were signed. Interviews were analyzed using a qualitative theoretical analysis methodology to identify how teachers supported their students, each other, and themselves during this time of trauma. The findings included both promising teaching approaches as well as a glaring absence of explicit support given to teachers directly and a lack of teacher self-care.  The authors suggest a re-envisioning of teacher preparation responsive to the impact of trauma that can lead to the well-being of both students and their teachers.
TIC y diversidad funcional. Conocimiento del profesorado de las Islas Canarias
Authors: Carrillo López Pedro José , Hernández Gutiérrez Ana Adela
Published: April 2022

Antecedentes: la migración de la modalidad presencial a la no presencial en la educación debido a la pandemia provocada por la Covid-19 ha propiciado la transformación de los escenarios para el aprendizaje. Objetivo: analizar el nivel de competencia digital de los docentes de las Islas Canarias respecto a la aplicación de las TIC para atender a la diversidad según la etapa educativa, la titularidad y la modalidad del centro educativo. Método: se diseñó un estudio descriptivo transversal compuesto con una muestra de 678 docentes. El cuestionario utilizado se denomina Diagnóstico y formación del profesorado para la incorporación de las TIC en alumnado con diversidad funcional. Resultados y conclusiones: I) los maestros de primaria e Infantil II) aquellos que trabajan en un centro privado y, III) aquellos que trabajan en un Aula Enclave obtienen mayor puntuación en TIC para atender a la diversidad. Estos resultados son de interés para el contexto educativo ya que sirven para identificar el nivel actual y diseñar propuestas de mejora para favorecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y alcanzar una educación de calidad para todo el alumnado, independientemente de la etapa educativa, la titularidad y la modalidad del centro educativo. Los itinerarios formativos personalizados o los SMOOC (del inglés Social Massive Open Online Course) pueden ser de gran ayuda para la formación del docente y, por ende, mayor aprovechamiento académico del discente.
Alfabetización ambiental del profesorado de Educación Infantil y Primaria en formación inicial.
Authors: Guerrero Fernández Alicia , Rodríguez Marín Fátima , Solís Ramírez Emilio , Rivero García Ana
Published: April 2022

La alfabetización ambiental de la ciudadanía se ha convertido en una necesidad ante la grave situación de crisis ecosocial en la que nos encontramos. Para lograrlo, es esencial formar a los docentes de los niveles básicos de enseñanza, de manera que puedan orientar la enseñanza de las ciencias hacia la toma de conciencia de los problemas socioambientales de nuestro mundo y promueva conductas responsables desde una perspectiva crítica, reflexiva, activa y resiliente. Dichas conductas deben incluir acciones individuales y colectivas dirigidas a mitigar los problemas, pero también a promover la adaptación a un posible futuro contexto de decrecimiento. Este trabajo persigue dos objetivos: 1) Describir la alfabetización ambiental de los docentes en las tres dimensiones contempladas: a) conocimientos y habilidades, b) actitudes y emociones y c) comportamientos ambientales; 2) Avanzar en la detección de posibles tendencias en relación con las dimensiones planteadas. Ambos objetivos persiguen proponer una revisión en profundidad de la formación del profesorado atendiendo a los retos que plantea mejorar la alfabetización ambiental de los futuros docentes. Se utiliza el Cuestionario de Dimensiones Ambientales (CDA) con 162 futuros docentes de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria. El análisis estadístico realizado permite caracterizar a los participantes en un nivel ecocéntrico (nivel medio de conocimientos y comportamientos ambientales y nivel alto de actitudes) y detectar algunas tendencias en algunas de las dimensiones estudiadas.
Cinco problemas en la formación de maestros y maestras para enseñar ciencias en Educación Primaria
Authors: De Pro Bueno Antonio , De Pro Chereguini Carlos , Cantó Doménech José
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar algunos problemas relevantes que tenemos en la formación inicial de maestros y maestras (FIM) en el ámbito de la enseñanza de las Ciencias y reflexionar sobre ellos. Se definen variables internas de los futuros docentes (conocimientos, experiencias, características) y se señalan factores externos (currículum, planes de estudios, consideraciones sociales); todos ellos, desde nuestra perspectiva, inciden en la labor profesional que realiza el profesorado de esta etapa educativa. Se analizan algunas de las aportaciones realizadas en la investigación e innovación recogidas en las revistas más relevantes del área de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales (DCE), desde la aprobación del Grado de Educación Primaria. A partir de dichas contribuciones, identificamos cinco problemas en la FIM: los conocimientos científicos, los conocimientos didácticos, la experiencia profesional, las características personales y las creencias educativas. En cada problema, se describe y se proponen acciones específicas que creemos que deberían estar presentes de cara al cambio curricular anunciado.
La indagación en la formación de maestros de educación infantil. El trasvase de agua como problema
Authors: Golías Pérez Yolanda , García Barros Susana , Rivadulla-López Juan-Carlos
Published: April 2022

Dado el amplio consenso que existe respecto a la importancia de comenzar la educación científica en los primeros niveles educativos y, en consecuencia, a la de atender a la formación específica del profesorado, en este trabajo se desarrolló una actividad formativa dirigida al alumnado del Grado de Educación Infantil y se analizaron las producciones de los participantes. En ella, un total de 20 grupos, formados por 4 personas cada uno, se enfrentaron a la vivencia de una indagación tomando el agua como tópico. Concretamente se trataba de averiguar con que materiales (esponja, hilo, plástico…) se podría trasvasar mejor el agua de un recipiente a otro. Después de identificar qué contenidos y qué habilidades permitía enseñar esta actividad, debían elaborar una propuesta de enseñanza para desarrollar esta indagación en 6º curso de E. Infantil. Las producciones escritas de los participantes fueron analizadas empleando dosieres específicos cuyas categorías toman como marco la indagación, contemplándose las correspondientes subcategorías en función del grado de adecuación. Los resultados muestran que los grupos emplearon aceptablemente bien habilidades de indagación, justificando las conclusiones desde los datos y en ocasiones desde un modelo teórico sencillo. Además, identificaron los contenidos y las habilidades que esta actividad vivenciada permite enseñar/aprender. Sin embargo, los futuros maestros mostraron más dificultades para diseñar propuestas de intervención detalladas dirigidas a E. Infantil, siendo, en términos generales, el nivel de adecuación inferior al alcanzado en la experiencia vivenciada. Finalmente se discuten las derivaciones que estos resultados tienen en la formación docente.
Boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining kreativ tafakkurini shakllantirish
Authors: Xalmuratova Shaxnoza
Published: April 2022

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida darslar jarayonida ijodiy fikrlashni shakllantirish yo‘llari, o‘quvchi-larning ijodiy faolligi, idrok etish, tanqidiy fikrlash, ijodiy qobiliyatlarni shakllantirish va rivojlantirish va o‘quvchilarning ijodiy yondashuvlari muhokama qilinadi.
Guruhlararo munosabatlar xarakteri va ularni belgilovchi omillar
Authors: Yoziyev Erkin
Published: April 2022

Maqolada ijtimoiy psixologiyaning dolzarb muammolaridan biri bo‘lgan guruhlararo munosabatlar psixologiyasi masalalari yoritilgan. Unda muallif tomonidan guruhlararo munosabatlar xarakteri, uni belgilovchi omillar, guruhlarning bir-birlarini to‘g‘ri idrok qilish yo‘llari to‘g‘risida muhim ma’lumotlar ilgari surilgan. Muallif mazkur muammo hozirgi davrda ham dolzarb ekanligi, uni o‘rganish esa psixologlar oldida muhim vazifalar qo‘yayotganligini ta’kidlagan.
Optimisation of pipeline integrity management cost by simulation in combination with experimental and risk-based inspection (RBI) study and advanced NDT
Authors: Tran Cong Nhat , Ly Van Dao , Nguyen Trong Nghiem , Dang Anh Tuan , Ngo Huu Hai
Published: April 2022

Subsea pipeline integrity management requires frequent launching of intelligent pig which involves very high risk and cost, especially if using subsea pig receiver. BIENDONG POC has conducted simulation in combination with experimental, risk-based inspection (RBI) studies and advanced non-destructive testing (NDT) by phonon diagnostic technique (PDT). These solutions substitutes the intelligent pigging activity and helps BIENDONG POC save over USD 32 million worth of cost and avoid a long production shutdown.