bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: DiMarco Emily , Sadibolova Renata , Jiang Angela , Liebenow Brittany , Jones Rachel E. , ul Haq Ihtsham , Siddiqui Mustafa S. , Terhune Devin B. , Kishida Kenneth T.
Published: March 2023

Dopaminergic signaling in the striatum has been shown to play a critical role in the perception of time. Decreasing striatal dopamine efficacy is at the core of Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor symptoms and changes in dopaminergic action have been associated with many comorbid non-motor symptoms in PD. We hypothesize that patients with PD perceive time differently and in accordance with their specific comorbid non-motor symptoms and clinical state. We recruited patients with PD and compared individual differences in patients’ clinical features with their ability to judge millisecond to second intervals of time (500ms-1100ms) while on or off their prescribed dopaminergic medications. We show that individual differences in comorbid non-motor symptoms, PD duration, and prescribed dopaminergic pharmacotherapeutics account for individual differences in time perception performance. We report that comorbid impulse control disorder is associated with temporal overestimation; depression is associated with decreased temporal accuracy; and PD disease duration and prescribed levodopa monotherapy are associated with reduced temporal precision and accuracy. Observed differences in time perception are consistent with hypothesized dopaminergic mechanisms thought to underlie the respective motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but also raise questions about specific dopaminergic mechanisms. In future work, time perception tasks like the one used here, may provide translational or reverse translational utility in investigations aimed at disentangling neural and cognitive systems underlying PD symptom etiology.

One Sentence Summary

Quantitative characterization of time perception behavior reflects individual differences in Parkinson’s disease motor and non-motor symptom clinical presentation that are consistent with hypothesized neural and cognitive mechanisms.
Density effects on a tropical copepodAcartiasp.: implications as live feed in aquaculture
Authors: Pham Hung Quoc , Van Bui Canh , Doan Nam Xuan , Dinh Khuong V.
Published: March 2023

Calanoid copepodAcartiaspecies are major live feeds for the early stages of economically important marine fish in hatcheries in Southeast Asian countries. However, rearingAcartiacopepods at high densities to increase productivity remains a major challenge. To address the issue, we conducted two experiments on 1)Acartiasp. nauplii (1000, 3000, 6000, 9000, 12000, and 15000 individuals L-1) and 2) adults (1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 individuals L-1). We assessed key parameters for biomass production: development, survival, and egg production. In general, increased density resulted in longer development time, and lowered survival and egg production, but did not affect the size of adult males and females. Despite survival to adulthood decreasing at higher stocking nauplii densities, the number of surviving adults was highest at a stocking density of 12000 ind L-1. Egg production was very low which may be the result of high egg predation. The total eggs harvested were highest at the lowest adult density. These results are essential for the biomass production ofAcartiasp. in central Vietnam.
Microfluidics on Stretchable Strings
Authors: DeCorwin-Martin Philippe , Ng Andy , Juncker David
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces string microfluidics (SM), which consists of stretchable strings trapping discrete microdroplets within a porous matrix, and the realization of elementary microfluidic operations such as droplet formation, transport, splitting, merging, and mixing by moving and stretching the strings. While performing these operations, SM was shown to be compatible with colorimetric biological assays. SM represents a new form of microfluidics that integrates the concepts of thread microfluidics and digital microfluidics, along with mobile or reconfigurable microfluidics where liquid transport is realized by manipulating the substrate.
Predicting individual traits from models of brain dynamics accurately and reliably using the Fisher kernel
Authors: Ahrends C , Woolrich M , Vidaurr D
Published: March 2023

Predicting an individual’s cognitive traits or clinical condition using brain signals is a central goal in modern neuroscience. This is commonly done using either structural aspects, such as structural connectivity or cortical thickness, or aggregated measures of brain activity that average over time. But these approaches are missing a central aspect of brain function: the unique ways in which an individual’s brain activity unfolds over time. One reason why these dynamic patterns are not usually considered is that they have to be described by complex, high-dimensional models; and it is unclear how best to use these models for prediction. We here propose an approach that describes dynamic functional connectivity and amplitude patterns using a Hidden Markov model (HMM) and combines it with the Fisher kernel, which can be used to predict individual traits. The Fisher kernel is constructed from the HMM in a mathematically principled manner, thereby preserving the structure of the underlying model. We show here, in fMRI data, that the HMM-Fisher kernel approach is accurate and reliable. We compare the Fisher kernel to other prediction methods, both time-varying and time-averaged functional connectivity-based models. Our approach leverages information about an individual’s time-varying amplitude and functional connectivity for prediction and has broad applications in cognitive neuroscience and personalised medicine.
Gene essentiality in cancer is better predicted by mRNA abundance than by gene regulatory network-inferred activity
Authors: Tudose Cosmin , Bond Jonathan , Ryan Colm J.
Published: March 2023

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are often deregulated in tumor cells, resulting in altered transcriptional programs that facilitate tumor growth. These altered networks may make tumor cells vulnerable to the inhibition of specific regulatory proteins. Consequently, the reconstruction of GRNs in tumors is often proposed as a means to identify therapeutic targets. While there are examples of individual targets identified using GRNs, the extent to which GRNs can be used to predict sensitivity to targeted intervention in general remains unknown. Here we use the results of genome-wide CRISPR screens to systematically assess the ability of GRNs to predict sensitivity to gene inhibition in cancer cell lines. Using GRNs derived from multiple sources, including GRNs reconstructed from tumor transcriptomes and from curated databases, we infer regulatory gene activity in cancer cell lines from ten cancer types. We then ask, in each cancer type, if the inferred regulatory activity of each gene is predictive of sensitivity to CRISPR perturbation of that gene. We observe slight variation in the correlation between gene regulatory activity and gene sensitivity depending on the source of the GRN and the activity estimation method used. However, we find that there is consistently a stronger relationship between mRNA abundance and gene sensitivity than there is between regulatory gene activity and gene sensitivity. This is true both when gene sensitivity is treated as a binary and a quantitative property. Overall, our results suggest that gene sensitivity is better predicted by measured expression than by GRN-inferred activity.
Not one size fits all: influence of EEG type when training a deep neural network for interictal epileptiform discharge detection
Authors: da Silva Lourenço Catarina , Tjepkema-Cloostermans Marleen C. , van Putten Michel J. A. M.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Deep learning methods have shown potential in automating interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) detection in electroencephalograms (EEGs). While it is known that these algorithms are dependent on the type of data used for training, this has not been explored in EEG analysis applications. We study the difference in performance of deep learning algorithms on routine and ambulatory EEG data.

Methods

We trained the same neural network on three datasets: 166 routine EEGs (VGGC–R), 75 ambulatory EEGs (VGGC–A) and a combination of the two data types (VGGC-C, 241 EEGs total). Networks were tested on 34 routine EEGs and 33 ambulatory recordings, where all 2 s non-overlapping epochs were labeled with a probability that expressed the likelihood of containing an epileptiform discharge. Performance was quantified as sensitivity, specificity and the rate of false detections (FPR).

Results

The VGGC-R led to 84% sensitivity at 99% specificity on the routine EEGs, but its sensitivity was only 53% on ambulatory EEGs, with a FPR > 3 FP/min. The VGGC-C and VGGC-A yielded sensitivities of 79% and 60%, respectively, at 99% specificity on ambulatory data, but their sensitivity was less than 60% for routine EEGs.

Conclusion

We show that performance of deep nets for IED detection depends critically on the type of recording. The VGGC-R should be used for routine recordings and the VGGC-C should be used for ambulatory recordings for IED detection.

Significance

The type of data used to train algorithms should be optimized according to their application, as this has a significant impact on algorithm performance.
Foraging at night under artificial light: consequences on reproductive senescence and lifetime reproductive success for a diurnal insect
Authors: Elisa Gomes , Jean-François Lemaître , Valentina Rodriguez-Rada , François Débias , Emmanuel Desouhant , Isabelle Amat
Published: March 2023

The increasing use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is currently a major anthropogenic disturbance, with largely unappreciated eco-evolutionary consequences for nocturnal but also diurnal organisms. It has been hypothesized that light pollution could create new opportunities for the latter to forage and reproduce at night, which is called the ‘night-light’ niche, with fitness consequences still scarcely explored.

We exposed diurnal parasitoid wasps (Venturia canescens) to one of three light-at-night conditions: control (0 lux), low intensity (0.7 lux) or high intensity (20 lux) throughout their lives. We then monitored changes in both behavioural and life-history traits, namely daytime and nighttime feeding and egg-laying activity, reproductive senescence, lifespan and lifetime reproductive success.

Light pollution influenced the nighttime activity of wasps. The proportion of wasps feeding and laying eggs at night increased, and we also detected a tendency for a higher nighttime reproductive success under a high intensity of light pollution. Surprisingly, high intensity of light pollution also increased the wasps’ lifespan. Such changes did not affect the lifetime reproductive success of the wasps, but influenced the distribution of ovipositions between day and night.

Reproductive senescence occurs inV. canescens, evidenced by the linear decline in daily reproductive success with age regardless of the light condition. ALAN conditions, in interaction with mother age, affected developmental time in offspring, highlighting an effect on reproductive senescence.

We demonstrated that light pollution induced the use of the ‘night-light’ niche in a diurnal insect, with a shift in the distribution of egg-laying events between day and night. While we did not observe strong consequences on individual fitness, such changes in the dynamics of parasitism behaviour may nevertheless have major consequences for population dynamics, especially in natural conditions.
Recurrent connectivity supports higher-level visual and semantic object representations in the brain
Authors: von Seth Jacqueline , Nicholls Victoria I. , Tyler Lorraine K. , Clarke Alex
Published: March 2023

Visual object recognition is a dynamic process by which we rapidly extract meaningful information about the things we see. However, the functional relevance of inter-regional feedforward and feedback signals in the human ventral visual pathway remain largely unspecified, while its unclear whether computational models of vision alone can accurately capture object-specific representations. Here, we probe these dynamics using a combination of representational similarity and connectivity analyses of fMRI and MEG data recorded during the recognition of familiar, unambiguous objects. Modelling the visual and semantic properties of our stimuli using an artificial neural network as well as a semantic feature model, we find that unique aspects of the neural architecture and connectivity dynamics relate to visual and semantic object properties. Critically, we show that recurrent processing between anterior and posterior ventral temporal cortex relates to higher-level visual properties prior to semantic object properties, in addition to semantic-related feedback from the frontal lobe to the ventral temporal lobe between 250 and 500ms after stimulus onset. These results demonstrate the distinct contributions made by semantic object properties in explaining neural activity and connectivity, highlighting it as a core part of object recognition not fully accounted for by biologically inspired neural networks.
Conserved auxin signalling synergism through the canonical and ETT-mediated pathways promotes gynoecium development in members of theBrassicaceae
Authors: McLaughlin Heather Marie , Lü Tian-Feng , Natarajan Bhavani , Østergaard Lars , Dong Yang
Published: March 2023

Gynoecium polarity establishment is regulated by auxin, a phytohormone whose signal is transduced through several pathways. The relationship between the ETT and canonical TIR1/AFB pathways, and their relevance for carpel development beyondArabidopsis thaliana, have not been investigated. The data presented here show that the expression patterns of canonical and ETT-mediated signalling components, and phenotypes of higher order mutants are shared betweenArabidopsisandCapsella rubella.tir1 afb2 ettmutants partially phenocopyett arf4double mutants, suggesting a role for AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 4 (ARF4) in the integration of canonical and ETT-mediated signalling. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that the auxin-independent mis-regulation ofYABBYgenes correlate with patterning defects observed inArabidopsis ett arf4mutants. Together, the data presented suggest conserved synergism between canonical and ETT-mediated pathways in gynoecium polarity establishment in theBrassicaceae. Finally, the data suggest that ETT/ARF4 function to prevent the auxin-induced expression of a range of targets inArabidopsis, consistent with activator-repressor ARF antagonism, and implying that the maintenance of auxin insensitivity by repressive ARFs is important for a range of biological processes.

Summary Statement

Here the relationship between canonical and ETT-mediated auxin signalling machineries is investigated inArabidopsisandCapsellarevealing conserved synergism between these two pathways inBrassicaceaewith distinct fruit shapes.
Reward-based improvements in motor sequence learning are differentially affected by dopamine
Authors: Sporn Sebastian , Galea Joseph M
Published: March 2023

Reward is a powerful tool to enhance human motor behaviour with research showing that it promotes motor sequence learning through increases in both motor vigour and movement fusion. Specifically, during a sequential reaching movement, monetary incentive leads to increased speed of each movement (vigour effect), whilst reward-based performance feedback increases speed of transition between movements (fusion effect). Therefore, motor sequence learning can be driven by distinct reward types with dissociable underlying processes. The neurotransmitter dopamine has been implicated to modulate motor vigour and regulate movement fusion. However, in humans, it is unclear if the same dopaminergic mechanism underlies both processes. To address this, we used a complex sequential reaching task in which rewards were based on movement times (MT). Crucially, MTs could be reduced via : 1) enhanced speed of individual movements (vigour effect) and/or 2) enhanced speed of transition between movements (fusion effect). 92 participants were randomly assigned to a reward and no reward group and were given either 2.5mg of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol or a placebo. Our results demonstrate that haloperidol impaired the reward-based effects on motor vigour whilst not affecting movement fusion. Thus, we illustrate that whilst both strategies are reward sensitive, they rely on dissociable mechanisms.
Temporal Cohort Identification for Alzheimer’s Disease with Sequences of Clinical Records
Authors: Esitir Hossein , Azhir Alaleh , Blacker Deborah L , Ritchie Christine S , Patel Chirag J , Murphy Shawn N
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex clinical phenotype with unprecedented social and economic tolls in an aging global population. Real World Data (RWD) from electronic health records (EHRs) offer opportunities to accelerate precision drug development and scale epidemiological research on AD. A precise characterization of AD cohorts is needed to address the noise abundant in RWD.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to develop and test computational models for AD cohort identification using clinical data from 8 Massachusetts healthcare systems. We mined temporal representations from EHR data using a novel transitive sequential pattern mining algorithm (tSPM) to train and validate our models. We then tested our models against a held-out test set from a review of medical records to adjudicate the presence of AD. We trained two classes of models using Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) to compare the utility of AD diagnosis records versus the tSPM temporal representations (comprising sequences of diagnosis and medication observations) from electronic medical records for characterizing AD cohorts.

RESULTS

In a group of 4,985 patients, we identified 219 sequences of medication-diagnosis records for constructing the best classification models. The models with the sequential features improved AD classification by a magnitude of up to 16 percent (over the use of AD diagnosis codes). Six groups of sequences, which we refer to as temporal digital markers, were identified for characterizing the AD cohorts, including sequences that involved (1) a symptom or (2) a risk factor in the past, followed by an AD diagnosis, (3) AD medications, (4) indirect risk factors, symptom management, and potential side effects, (5) comorbidities with possible shared roots or side effects, and (6) plural encounters with of AD diagnosis codes. Discussions of how the identified sequential patterns can be interpreted are provided.

CONCLUSIONS

We present sequential patterns of diagnosis and medication codes from electronic medical records, as digital markers of Alzheimer’s Disease. Classification algorithms developed on the sequential patterns can replace standard features from EHRs to enrich phenotype modeling.
Development of membrane-like pre-stem cells after released from tube-shaped niches
Authors: Kong Wuyi , Han XiuJuan , Zhu XiaoPing , Wang Hong
Published: March 2023

We previously identified three distinct pre-stem cell lineages that further develop into blood CD34-positive stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. The pre-CD34-positive stem cells are spore-like, while the pre-mesenchymal stem cells are fusiform-shaped. All of them originate or released from tube-shaped tissue structures, or niches. In the current study, we present two membrane-like pre-stem progenitors. One of them had red thin membrane structures that were from disconnection of bamboo-like tissues and developed into thin membrane-like multi-nucleated cells. The other membrane-like structure had geometric-shape and was the place of developing numerous c-kit-positive stem cell progenitors. One geometric-shaped membrane could produce dozens to hundreds of progenitors in a synchronized pattern. Our findings provide more evidence that postnatal stem cells are unipotent and self-renewed in sealed tube-shaped structures. The tube-shaped structures released their inclusions that have distinct morphological differences among the cellular lineages. Thus, the self-renewal of each lineage-distinct stem cell has its unique pattern. Further, our data suggests that postnatal stem cells are renewed via a recurrent pattern. Our findings again challenged the old concepts of stem cell niche components, the origins of stem cell lineages and the self-renewal of stem cells.
Discourses on social inequality in the NGO annual reports of Bangladesh: an analysis from the impression management perspective
Authors: Hossain Dewan Mahboob , Alam Md. Saiful
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The main objective of this article is to explore the discourses on social inequality in the annual reports of Bangladeshi NGOs.

Design/methodology/approach

To fulfil this objective, a discourse analysis was conducted on the latest annual reports of ten renowned NGOs in Bangladesh. The findings were interpreted from the impression management perspective.

Findings

It was found that the NGOs of Bangladesh are highlighting several social inequality issues such as poverty, gender inequality, inequality related to getting healthcare, legal and education facilities, etc. in their annual reports. Several impression management tactics were applied in the narratives of the annual reports. The NGOs portrayed themselves as “problem solvers” who are the saviors of distressed people.

Practical implications

This study will facilitate improving the understanding of NGO communication. Policymakers will be able to understand the disclosures of NGOs and consider the necessity to provide guidance that may lead to better information dissemination through reports.

Originality/value

This study will contribute to the limited literature on NGO disclosures from the context of developing economies. In the context of NGO, this research is methodologically novel as it applies discourse analysis and interprets the findings through the lens of impression management.
Family ownership and capital structure: evidence from ASEAN countries
Authors: Tran Trang Khanh , Nguyen Lan Thi Mai
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper examines the capital structure decisions of family firms in Southeast Asian (ASEAN) countries, considering the moderating effects of various firm-level and country-level factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply various panel data models to analyze the data of listed firms in six ASEAN countries over the period of 2007–2017.

Findings

The authors find that family firms tend to use more debt, particularly short-term debt, than non-family firms, which is explained by family owners' concern about the risk of losing control. The authors further document that family firms would use more debt when they have lower ownership concentration, have more family members on the board of directors and are young firms. The authors also find that the impact of family ownership on capital structure is moderated by the level of investors' legal protection of a country.

Originality/value

This study, for the first time, provides comprehensive analyses of the financing decisions of family firms in ASEAN using a unique hand-collected dataset, which highlights that regional culture and market conditions can shape family firms' financing decisions. The authors also manage to mitigate the endogeneity issues that pervade most research on family firms. In addition, this research further explores the heterogeneous impacts of family control on capital structure given different levels of board involvement, firm age, ownership concentration, and most importantly, institutional differences. Such insights provide useful information for prospective investors as well as regulators to make more efficient investment and legislative decisions.
Impact of quality assurance on TVET programs for the digital employment market of IR 4.0 in Pakistan: a quantitative investigation
Authors: Asad Muhammad Mujtaba , Mahar Pireh , Datoo Al Karim , Sherwani Fahad , Hassan Razali
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In the current period quality assurance (QA) and technical vocational education and training (TVET) are known as the two comprehensively examined ideas in schooling, dependent on exceptional abilities in this modern era of Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. The incapability or need for QA of technology-oriented programs has been dissected by policy makers as a hindrance in accomplishing the TVET objectives. Consequently, the reason for this exploration paper was to contemplate over the impact and association of QA on TVET programs and level of preparedness of TVET teachers for the market of IR 4.0 in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study a quantitative research method with survey-based research has been used whereas, two research questions and hypotheses were structured and explained to lead the study. The research sample was 475 TVET teachers having technical competence for Pakistan using the random sampling technique. The instrument was an adapted questionnaire using five Likert scales. Moreover, mean and standard deviation was utilized while one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation was used to test the hypothesis.

Findings

The findings of this study uncovered that there is no significant impact of QA of TVET programs to fulfill the need of IR 4.0 in Pakistan. But there is strong and positive association between QA of TVET programs as per the demand of IR 4.0 and level of preparedness of teachers toward it. The study suggested that in order to meet the labor market's requirements according to IR 4.0, future employment demand could be met by assuring their TVET programmers' QA and putting them into practice in accordance with the indicators and the TVET framework suggested in literature and by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which is widely accepted. The findings will also help to detect current trends in teaching, providing important insights in terms of QA and the focus of digitalization in TVET education.

Practical implications

The implication of this study is that in order to influence TVET's technological development, employment and national development, policy makers, TVET principals, coordinators and teachers must work on important aspects of their access that are very important on inclusion, financing and quality – the assurance of standards, as it meets the needs of the country according to the IR 4.0 labor market.

Originality/value

This is one of the unique studies of its nature which has focused on the QA on TVET programs for the digital employment market of IR 4.0 in Pakistan and South Asia.
Reverse innovations bridging the gap between entrepreneurial orientation and international performance
Authors: Hashmi Hammad Bin Azam , Ooms Ward , Voinea Cosmina L. , Caniëls Marjolein C.J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to elucidate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, reverse innovation and international performance of emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyze archival data of Chinese limited companies between 2010 and 2016, including 11,230 firm-year observations about 1708 firms. In order to test the study’s mediation hypotheses, the authors apply an ordinary least square (OLS) regression.

Findings

The authors find evidence that the entrepreneurial orientation of EMNEs has a positive effect on reverse innovations. Furthermore, the authors find positive effects of reverse innovation on the international performance of EMNEs. This pattern of results suggests that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and international performance is partially mediated by reverse innovation.

Practical implications

The study’s findings help managers in EMNEs to promote reverse innovation by building and using their entrepreneurial orientation. It also helps them to set out and gauge the chances of success of their internationalization strategies. The findings also hold relevance for firms in developed economies as well, as they may understand which emerging economy competitors stand to threaten their positions.

Originality/value

The strategic role of reverse innovations – i.e. clean slate, super value and technologically advanced products originating from emerging markets – has generated considerable research attention. It is clear that reverse innovations impact the international performance of EMNEs. Yet how entrepreneurial orientation influences international performance is still underexplored. Thus, the current study clarifies the mechanism by examining and testing the mediating role of reverse innovation among the entrepreneurial orientation–international performance link.
Sport team identification: a social identity perspective comparing local and distant fans
Authors: Lintumäki Petri , Koll Oliver
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Supporting distant teams is a frequent phenomenon. Through the lens of the social identity theory, this research aims to examine differences between local and distant fans regarding drivers of team identification.

Design/methodology/approach

A multigroup structural equation model was employed. The data were collected through an online survey with 1,285 sports fans.

Findings

Team distinctiveness constitutes an important aspect fueling identification for all fans, whereas congruence between own and team personality is important for local and displaced fans only. Team prestige does not impact identification for either group.

Practical implications

To build up a base of highly identified supporters, clubs should emphasize those aspects of team brands that fans consider distinctive. When targeting local fans, clubs should also focus on communicating the brand's unique personality aspects.

Originality/value

This is the first study that assesses the potential differences behind fans' social identification with local and distant teams.
Reintegration of crisis services employees: a systematic literature review
Authors: Glorieux Vita , Lo Bue Salvatore , Euwema Martin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Crisis services personnel are frequently deployed around the globe under highly demanding conditions. This raises the need to better understand the deployment process and more especially, sustainable reintegration after deployment. Despite recent research efforts, the study of the post-deployment stage, more specifically the reintegration process, remains fragmented and limited. To address these limitations, this review aims at (1) describing how reintegration is conceptualised and measured in the existing literature, (2) identifying what dimensions are associated with the reintegration process and (3) identifying what we know about the process of reintegration in terms of timing and phases.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol, the authors identified 5,859 documents across several scientific databases published between 1995 and 2021. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, 104 documents were yielded.

Findings

Research has primarily focused on descriptive studies of negative individual and interpersonal outcomes after deployment. However, this review indicates that reintegration is dynamic, multi-sector, multidimensional and dual. Each of its phases and dimensions is associated with distinct challenges.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that investigates reintegration among different crisis services and provides an integrative social-ecological framework that identifies the different dimensions and challenges of this process.
Motivations and intentions for equity and reward-based crowdfunding in professional sports
Authors: Oh Taeyeon , Kwon Kisung , Sung Hojun
Published: March 2023

Purpose

For centuries, people have raised money for many purposes, and funding projects utilizing the Internet began to spread in earnest after 2010. However, there is a notable lack of research on crowdfunding projects, especially those involving sports. Given this background, this study's objective is to compare whether motivational factors may work differently depending on crowdfunding type and to analyze the impact of such factors on investments.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted using stimulation through artificially modified newspaper articles to measure crowdfunding motivation and investment intention. To clarify research questions, this study applied multiple regression analysis.

Findings

Findings indicate that philanthropic motives and interest in projects influenced the intention to decide on funding and often had positive word-of-mouth effects. In equity-based projects, philanthropic motives and a desire to be recognized acted as drivers for both behaviors. In reward-based projects, philanthropic motives determined investment intentions, and recognition motivation and interest factors influenced word-of-mouth intention.

Originality/value

This study investigated the motivations and consequent intentions for crowdfunding in the field of the professional sports industry, which had substantive future implications for the business of sports.
Can tourism curb income inequality? Tourism Agenda 2030
Authors: Seetanah Boopen , Gopy-Ramdhany Narvada , Bhattu-Babajee Reena
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between tourism development and income inequality, closely linked to the Sustainable Development Goals, for the case of a large sample of 83 countries (and subsamples) over the period 1990–2019.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses rigorous dynamic panel data analysis, namely, a Panel Vector Autoregressive Error Correction model, which takes into account both dynamic and endogenous relationships in the tourism-inequality nexus.

Findings

The results provide strong support that tourism development has an income inequality reducing effect (albeit relatively small with a reported elasticity of 0.05). Subsamples analysis reveals that the impact of tourism on income inequality varies and is relatively larger in developing economies and those tourist-dependent economies, as compared to developed economies. In fact, it is reported that a 1% increase in tourism development reduces income inequality by 0.46% for developing and 0.56% for tourist-dependent economies as compared to only 0.02% in developed economies. It is further observed that tourism may affect income inequality indirectly via economic growth.

Originality/value

This paper attempts to supplement the dearth literature on the tourism-inequality nexus by analyzing subsamples from a large data set while also using a dynamic panel data framework. The potential indirect effect of tourism on inequality via the economic growth channel is also explored.
Application of deconvolution interferometry to receiver ghost reflection in vertical cable seismic survey
Authors: Wang Linfei , Wang Zhong , Liu Huaishan , Zhang Jin , Jia Quanchen , Mei Duowei
Published: March 2023

Marine vertical cable seismic is to probe targets near the submarine with use vertical hydrophone array suspending in deep sea water. Despite imaging of primary reflections from vertical cable seismic data can provide seismic profiles with high resolution, its submarine illumination is much narrower than that of conventional towed‐streamer seismic owing to the irregular geometry. In view of the fact that imaging of multiples can provides better subsurface illumination with fine resolution, we present a strategy for imaging of receiver ghost reflections from vertical cable seismic data, based on seismic interferometry by deconvolution. This method can convert first‐order receiver ghosts into virtual primaries from the towed‐streamer data without velocity model and source‐receiver position. We illustrate the deconvolution interferometry for the receiver ghost reflections with the real vertical cable seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea and further obtain virtual primary reflections. Finally, we use these virtual primaries to successfully construct a stacked image and obtain a post‐stack migration image with conventional seismic data process method. This stacked and migrated image significantly extends the submarine illumination with higher resolution and it is useful in characteristics recognition of hydrate‐bearing sediments and free gas.
On the use of antibiotics in plasticity research: Gastropod shells unveil a tale of caution
Authors: Meuthen Denis , Reinhold Klaus
Published: March 2023

Through phenotypic plasticity, individual genotypes can produce multiple phenotypes dependent on the environment. In the modern world, anthropogenic influences such as man‐made pharmaceuticals are increasingly prevalent. They might alter observable patterns of plasticity and distort our conclusions regarding the adaptive potential of natural populations.

Antibiotics are nowadays nearly ubiquitous in aquatic environments and prophylactic antibiotic use is also becoming more common to optimize animal survival and reproductive output in artificial settings. In the well‐studied plasticity model system Physella acuta, prophylactic erythromycin treatment acts against gram‐positive bacteria and thereby reduces mortality.

Here, we study its consequences for inducible defence formation in the same species. In a 2 × 2 split‐clutch design, we reared 635 P. acuta in either the presence or absence of this antibiotic, followed by 28‐day exposure to either high or low predation risk as perceived through conspecific alarm cues.

Under antibiotic treatment, risk‐induced increases in shell thickness, a well‐known plastic response in this model system, were larger and consistently detectable. Antibiotic treatment reduced shell thickness in low‐risk individuals, suggesting that in controls, undiscovered pathogen infection increased shell thickness under low risk. Family variation in risk‐induced plasticity was low, but the large variation in responses to antibiotics among families suggests different pathogen susceptibility between genotypes. Lastly, individuals that developed thicker shells had reduced total mass, which highlights resource trade‐offs.

Antibiotics thus have the potential to uncover a larger extent of plasticity, but might counterintuitively distort plasticity estimates for natural populations where pathogens are a part of natural ecology.
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick‐borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
Authors: Köhler Clara Florentine , Sprong Hein , Fonville Manoj , Esser Helen , de Boer Willem Frederik , van der Spek Vincent , Spitzen‐van der Sluijs Annemarieke
Published: March 2023

Understanding which factors determine tick‐borne disease hazard can contribute to effective disease control. In Europe, the hazard of the pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum is determined by local tick densities (mainly Ixodes ricinus) and the reservoir competence of the host species community. Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) are common hosts for larvae and nymphs of I. ricinus and non‐competent reservoirs for both pathogens. Consequently, high relative abundance of L. agilis is hypothesized to be associated with lower infection prevalence in nymphs. Here, we aimed to test whether this effectively occurs in natural settings.

We sampled different habitat types within a heterogenous dune landscape at the Dutch coast and estimated (1) L. agilis densities, (2) host community competence, (3) the density and infection prevalence of questing I. ricinus ticks and (4) the number and infection prevalence of ticks feeding on L. agilis.

Captured L. agilis had high tick burdens and contributed substantially to feeding I. ricinus larvae in their natural habitat. B. burgdorferi s.l. and A. phagocytophilum were virtually absent from feeding larvae and nymphs.

The nymphal infection prevalence of both pathogens in questing ticks was lower in habitat types where L. agilis was more abundant. Hence, L. agilis strongly reduced community competence.

The density of questing nymphs was higher in habitat types with denser vegetation and also varied more between habitat types than infection prevalence. As a result, nymphal density had a stronger effect on the density of infected ticks than did nymphal infection prevalence.

Synthesis and applications. Coastal dune habitats favourable for L. agilis have lower densities of questing nymphs and a lower human infection hazard. These results might be applicable to similar ecosystems where L. agilis is present. From a public health perspective, this underlines the importance of preserving early successional habitat, as encroaching shrubs are associated with higher tick‐borne disease hazard, and vegetation removal might be a solution to reduce hazard in coastal dunes. The high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of tick‐borne pathogens also poses opportunities to manage recreational activities to limit human exposure to tick‐borne diseases.
Clinical and genomic features of non‐small cell lung cancer occurring in families
Authors: Miyabe Shingo , Ito Shin , Sato Ikuro , Abe Jiro , Tamai Keiichi , Mochizuki Mai , Fujimori Haruna , Yamaguchi Kazunori , Shindo Norihisa , Shima Hiroshi , Yamazaki Tomoko , Abue Makoto , Okada Yoshinori , Yasuda Jun
Published: March 2023

Background

Exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as through smoking, is a major factor in the carcinogenesis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, genetic factors may also contribute.

Methods

To identify candidate tumor suppressor genes for NSCLC, we included 23 patients (10 related pairs and 3 individuals) with NSCLC who had other NSCLC‐affected first‐degree relatives in a local hospital. Exome analyses for both germline and somatic (NSCLC specimens) DNA were performed for 17 cases. Germline exome data of these 17 cases revealed that most of the short variants were identical to the variants in 14KJPN (a Japanese reference genome panel of more than 14 000 individuals) and only a nonsynonymous variant in the DHODH gene, p.A347T, was shared between a pair of NSCLC patients in the same family. This variant is a known pathogenic variant of the gene for Miller syndrome.

Results

Somatic genetic alterations in the exome data of our samples showed frequent mutations in the EGFR and TP53 genes. Principal component analysis of the patterns of 96 types of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) suggested the existence of unique mechanisms inducing somatic SNVs in each family. Delineation of mutational signatures of the somatic SNVs with deconstructSigs for the pair of germline pathogenic DHODH variant‐positive cases showed that the mutational signatures of these cases included SBS3 (homologous recombination repair defect), SBS6, 15 (DNA mismatch repair), and SBS7 (ultraviolet exposure), suggesting that disordered pyrimidine production causes increased errors in DNA repair systems in these cases.

Conclusion

Our results suggest the importance of the detailed collection of data on environmental exposure along with genetic information on NSCLC patients to identify the unique combinations that cause lung tumorigenesis in a particular family.
Survival by time‐to‐administration of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in shock‐refractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Lupton Joshua R. , Neth Matthew R. , Sahni Ritu , Jui Jonathan , Wittwer Lynn , Newgard Craig D. , Daya Mohamud R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Amiodarone and lidocaine have not been shown to have a clear survival benefit compared to placebo for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, randomized trials may have been impacted by delayed administration of the study drugs. We sought to evaluate how timing from emergency medical services (EMS) arrival on scene to drug administration affects the efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine compared to placebo.

Method

This is a secondary analysis of the 10‐site, 55‐EMS‐agency double‐blind randomized controlled amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in OHCA study. We included patients with initial shockable rhythms who received the study drugs of amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo before achieving return of spontaneous circulation. We performed logistic regression analyses evaluating survival to hospital discharge and secondary outcomes of survival to admission and functional survival (modified Rankin scale score ≤ 3). We evaluated the samples stratified by early (<8 min) and late administration groups (≥8 min). We compared outcomes for amiodarone and lidocaine compared to placebo and adjust for potential confounders.

Results

There were 2802 patients meeting inclusion criteria, with 879 (31.4%) in the early (<8 min) and 1923 (68.6%) in the late (≥8 min) groups. In the early group, patients receiving amiodarone, compared to placebo, had significantly higher survival to admission (62.0% vs. 48.5%, p = 0.001; adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.76 [1.24–2.50]), survival to discharge (37.1% vs. 28.0%, p = 0.021; 1.56 [1.07–2.29]), and functional survival (31.6% vs. 23.3%, p = 0.029; 1.55 [1.04–2.32]). There were no significant differences with early lidocaine compared to early placebo (p > 0.05). Patients in the late group who received amiodarone or lidocaine had no significant differences in outcomes at discharge compared to placebo (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The early administration of amiodarone, particularly within 8 min, is associated with greater survival to admission, survival to discharge, and functional survival compared to placebo in patients with an initial shockable rhythm.
Sport and Queensland Aboriginal reserves in the 1920s and 1930s: Ideology, revenue, and exploitation
Authors: Osmond Gary , Frost Lionel
Published: March 2023

Rugby league flourished in the Aboriginal settlements run by the Queensland government in the 1920s and 1930s, as officials relaxed policies of segregation and isolation to allow Aboriginal teams to travel within the state. Revenue from the games, at times significant sums, went to government trust accounts and not directly to the settlements. Available data on this sporting income and government spending policies reveals an exploitative system, ethically comparable to Stolen Wages and reflecting the dispossession of Aboriginal Queenslanders in this era. While sport bolstered community pride, these exploitative dimensions qualify its contribution to Aboriginal wellbeing.