bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idiossincrasia na Ciência: ideia esquecida ou não entendida?
Authors: Petto Jefferson , Duarte Thiago Bouças , Jesus Taissa Argolo
Published: October 2020

A ideia de idiossincrasia (idiosugkrasía) surgiu na civilização grega e se referia a condição comportamental peculiar do indivíduo [1]. Na medicina atual, o termo se refere a “predisposição particular do organismo que faz com que um indivíduo reaja de maneira pessoal à influência de agentes exteriores, como alimentos e fármacos” [1]...
Efeitos de dois tipos de protocolos de cross training sobre a composição corporal e aptidão física
Authors: Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir Da , Pereira Neto Ezequias , Brandão Leandro Henrique Albuquerque , Chaves Leury Max Da Silva , DAlmeida Marcos Bezerra de
Published: October 2020

Introdução: Alterações em parâmetros da composição corporal são considerados fatores de risco à saúde. Com isso, programas de exercício físico como o Cross Training surgem como alternativa para reduzir fatores de risco à saúde, em especial a composição corporal dos praticantes. Objetivo: Verificar se existe diferença entre dois protocolos diferentes de Cross Training sobre a composição corporal e aptidão física de jovens ativos. Métodos: Sessenta adultos foram submetidos a dez semanas de dois programas de Cross Training, organizados em circuito agrupado (CTG: n = 26; idade: 26 ± 7 anos; massa corporal 68 ± 11 kg; IMC 24 ± 3 kg/m2) e alternado (CTA: n = 29; idade 27 ± 8 anos; massa corporal 69 ± 10 kg; IMC 25 ± 4 kg/cm2). Antes e após o período de intervenção, os indivíduos foram avaliados em parâmetros composição corporal e aptidão física. Massa corporal e adiposa foram avaliadas por meio de análise de impedância bioelétrica (BIA). A verificação da aptidão física foi realizada por meio da força muscular isométrica máxima (isometric deadlift e Handgrip test) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (yoyo intermitente recovery test-IR2). Análise de variância (ANOVA 2x2) com medidas repetidas, seguido por post hoc test de Bonferroni foram utilizados para comparação de médias e detecção de diferenças entre os protocolos, adotando p ≤ 0,05 para significância estatística. Percentual de mudança e tamanho do efeito também foram calculados para cada variável dependente. Resultados: Após o período de intervenção ambos protocolos de treinamento apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao tempo em parâmetros da composição corporal (massa muscular: p ≤ 0,001 e massa adiposa: p ≤ 0,001) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (p ≤ 0,01) para ambos os grupos. Em relação a força isométrica máxima, o CTG apresentou diferença significativa quando comparado com o momento inicial (Handgrip: p = 0,02; Deadlift: p = 0,03), fato observado no grupo CTA somente no Deadlift (p = 0,05), (Handgrip: p = 0,08). Quando confrontados entre si, os grupos não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa em nenhuma comparação. Conclusão: Ambos protocolos de treinamento foram eficazes para melhora dos parâmetros de composição corporal e aptidão cardiorrespiratória em jovens adultos.
Responses of myokines concentrations from exercise stimulus: a systematic review
Authors: Carvalho Leandro Paim da Cruz , Gomes Matheus Borges da Cruz , Oliveira Ícaro Cerqueira da Silva , Santos Pedro Henrique Silva , De Oliveira II Ariel Custódio , Vitavar Lorena Mariel González , Alves Heitor Barbosa
Published: October 2020

The skeletal muscle is the largest endocrine organ of human body and have this role through peptides and proteins known as myokines. The myokines are cytokines that are produced and secreted by the skeletal muscle in response to the stimulus of contraction, acting locally and/or be released in the circulation and influence other distant tissues. Physical exercise is a potent stimulus for molecular adaptations in the organism, and when practiced with regularity, promotes structural and functional adaptations in skeletal muscle. Therefore, physical exercise has a direct action on the concentrations of myokines. Based on this, this research investigated, through a systematic literature review, the responses of myokines concentrations from the stimulus of physical exercise. Searches were carried out by two researchers independently, in the Scielo, Pubmed and Virtual Healthy Library databases, analyzing articles published between 2009 and 2020, after a careful selection process in four stages, the works that reached the third stage were read in full and submitted to quality analysis using a critical review form. At the end of the process, 12 articles were selected to compose the discussion. The analyzed articles show that physical performance, both acute and chronic, is capable of significantly modulating the concentration of several myokines, promoting an increase in many such as IL-6, IL-15, BDNF and apelin, in addition to a significant decrease in muscle myostatin.Keywords: exercise, skeletal muscle fibers, cytokines.
Seasonal, interannual and spatial variability in the reproductive dynamics of Penaeus merguiensis
Authors: van der Velde TD , Venables WN , Crocos PJ , Edgar S , Evans F , Rothlisberg PC
Published: October 2020

Penaeid prawns (shrimp) are short-lived and fecund, with a complicated life cycle that includes offshore spawning followed by a coastal or estuarine postlarval and juvenile phase. Factors affecting survival during the early life-history stages, and during movement between these stages, will affect variability in recruitment to the nursery ground, the offshore subadult and adult population, and, ultimately, catch. The inability to predict recruitment, and ultimately commercial offshore catch, has been complicated by an incomplete understanding of these factors. The reproductive dynamics of Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis were investigated by simultaneous adult and larval sampling on 66 lunar-monthly surveys from March 1986 to March 1992 in Albatross Bay, northeastern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Egg production was seasonal, with the highest production from 6-mo-old newly recruited spawners, and another peak from 12mo-old spawners. Larval abundance (no. m-2) followed the same seasonal pattern as the abundance of eggs. However, interannual variation in egg and larval abundance was large, and there was a weak correlation between monthly egg and larval abundance. Larval abundance appeared to be further influenced by fluctuations in chlorophyll a concentration, a measure of food availability. There was evidence of a match/mismatch relationship between larval abundance and episodic chlorophyll increases. While there was no direct spawner (egg production)-fishery recruit relationship in P. merguiensis over the 6-yr study, there was a strong relationship between total larval abundance in spring and the size of the commercial catch 3 to 6 mo later. Therefore, factors affecting larval survival, including food availability, have significant implications for fishery production.
Effect of Short- and Long-Term High-Fat Feeding on Autophagy Flux and Lysosomal Activity in Rat Liver
Authors: PAPÁČKOVÁ Z. , DAŇKOVÁ H. , PÁLENÍČKOVÁ E. , KAZDOVÁ L. , CAHOVÁ M.
Published: October 2020

Autophagy-lysosomal pathway is a cellular mechanism ensuring degradation of various macromolecules like proteins or triacylglycerols (TAG). Its disruption is related to many pathological states, including liver steatosis. We compared the effect of short- and long-established steatosis on the intensity of autophagy-lysosomal pathway in rat liver. The experiments were carried out on 3-month old Wistar rats fed standard (SD) or high-fat diet for 2 (HF-2) or 10 (HF-10) weeks. HF diet administered animals accumulated an increased amount of TAG in the liver (HF-2→HF-10). Autophagy flux was up-regulated in HF-2 group but nearly inhibited after 10 weeks of HF administration. The expression of autophagy related genes was up-regulated in HF-2 but normal in HF-10. In contrast, total activities of two lysosomal enzymes, lysosomal lipase (LAL) and acid phosphatase, were unaffected in HF-2 but significantly increased in HF-10 groups. mRNA expression of lysosomal enzymes was not affected by the diet. We conclude that in a state of metabolic unbalance (steatosis), autophagy machinery and lysosomal enzymes expression are regulated independently. The accumulation of TAG in the liver is associated with the increase of total LAL activity and protein expression. In contrast, the autophagy response is bi-phasic and after rapid increase it is significantly diminished. This may represent an adaptive mechanism that counteracts the excessive degradation of substrate, i.e. TAG, and eliminate over-production of potentially hazardous lipid-degradation intermediates.
Hemodynamic and Metabolic Parameters During Prolonged Cardiac Arrest and Reperfusion by Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: MLČEK M. , OŠŤÁDAL P. , BĚLOHLÁVEK J. , HAVRÁNEK Š. , HRACHOVINA M. , HUPTYCH M. , HÁLA P. , HRACHOVINA V. , NEUŽIL P. , KITTNAR O.
Published: October 2020

Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in the management of refractory cardiac arrest. Our aim was to investigate early effects of ECMO after prolonged cardiac arrest. In fully anesthetized swine (48 kg, N=18) ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced and untreated period (20 min) of cardiac arrest commenced, followed by 60 min extracorporeal reperfusion (ECMO flow 100 ml/kg.min). Hemodynamics, arterial blood gasses, plasma potassium, tissue oximetry (StO2) and cardiac (EGM) and cerebral (BIS) electrophysiological parameters were continuously recorded and analyzed. Within 3 minutes of VF hemodynamic and oximetry parameters fall abruptly while metabolic parameters destabilize gradually over 20 minutes peaking at pH 7.04±0.05, pCO2 89±14 mmHg, K+ 8.5±1.6 mmol/l. During reperfusion most parameters restore rapidly: within 3-5 minutes mean arterial pressure reaches >40 mmHg, StO2>50 %, paO2>100 mmHg, pCO2<50 mmHg, K+<5 mmol/l. EGMs mean amplitude peaks at 4.5±2.4 min. Cerebral activity (BIS>60) reappeared in 5 animals after 87±21 min. In 12/18 animals return of spontaneous circulation was achieved. In conclusions, ECMO provides rapid restitution of internal milieu even after prolonged arrest. However, despite normalization of global parameters full recovery was not guaranteed since cardiac and cerebral electrical activities were sufficiently restored only in some animals. More sensitive and organ specific indicators need to be identified in order to estimate adequacy of cardiac support devices.
INVERSE PROBLEMS OF PLASMA DISCHARGE CONTROL IN A TOKAMAK WITH IRON CORE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, ANDREEV VALERY , POPOV ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH
Published: October 2020

A mathematical model has been developed to calculate the discharge scenario and program regime in the tokamak with taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the iron core. The model includes the solution of two-dimensional equilibrium problems, and the evolution of the integral parameters of the plasma is described by the Kirchhoff equations. An effective numerical algorithm is proposed that allows one to solve the incorrect inverse equilibrium problem when holding currents are found for a given geometry and plasma parameters to ensure this equilibrium. On the example of the tokamak T-15, the equilibria and the program regime are calculated.
CALCULATION OF STAGES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF PPD DETECTORS USING COMPUTER MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND PRODUCTION OF ALPHA RADIOMETER ON THEIR BASIS
Authors:   Physical-technical Institute, SPA «Physics-Sun», Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, RADZHAPOV SALI , RAKHIMOV RUSTAM , RADZHAPOV BEGJAN , ZUFAROV MARS
Published: October 2020

The article describes the developed radiometer for Express measurement of alpha radiation of radioactive elements based on a large-diameter silicon detector. The main element of the PPD detector is made using computer mathematical modeling of all stages of the technological process of manufacturing detectors, taking into account at each stage the degree of influence of the properties of the initial silicon on the electrophysical and radiometric characteristics of the detector. Detectors are manufactured for certain types of devices. The developed radiometer is designed to measure alpha radiation of natural isotopes (238U, 234U, 232Th, 226Ra, 222Rn, 218Po, 214Bi, etc.) in various environments. It also shows the principle of operation of the device, provides a block diagram of the measuring complex, describes the electronic components of the radiometer, as well as the block diagram. Signal transformations (spectrum transfer, filtering, accumulation) are implemented programmatically on the basis of a digital processing module. The device can detect the presence of specific elements in various environments, as well as protect people from the harmful effects of adverse radiation and can be used both in the field and stationary.
ENSURING REACH ABILITY AND STABILITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ROBUST DISCRETE MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL IN CONDITIONS OF INCOMPLETE INFORMATION
Authors:   ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, KHAC TUNG NGUYEN , ZHILENKOV ANTON , BINH KHAC DANG ,   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

Methods of synthesis of control of multiscale processes with predictive models for linear discrete time systems are considered. A description is given of a control scheme in which the current control action is obtained by solving at each instant of the sample the optimal control problem with a finite horizon without feedback and using the current state of the object as an initial state. An optimization problem is described that gives an optimal control sequence when the control obtained for the first step of the subsequent sequence is applied to the object. The analysis of the reachability and stability problems of synthesized controls with a predictive model under conditions of disturbances and uncertainties is given. As well as the problems of providing preset indicators of the quality of management and comparing indicators in the management of MPC in open and closed systems. The urgent issues requiring research in the framework of the considered management system are identified. The proposed solutions are extremely relevant to the problems of modeling and control of technological processes of growing nanoscale structures.
COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Authors:   Secure Information Technology Assistance Foundation, Moscow, Russian Federation, NIKONOV VLADIMIR , ZOBOV ANTON ,   Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.
MODELING THE HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DRAIN VALVE AND BURST FITTING OF AN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT-RESISTANT FUEL SYSTEM
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation, NAPREENKO KONSTANTIN , SAVELEV ROMAN , TROFIMOV ALEKSEY , LAMTYUGINA ANNA , ZININA ANNA
Published: October 2020

The article discusses methods for determining the hydraulic resistance of units of an accident-resistant fuel system. A detailed description of the need to create such fuel systems for modern helicopters is given. The development of such systems today is impossible without the use of the method of mathematical modeling, which allows to qualitatively solve problems arising in the design process. To obtain accurate research results, it is necessary to have a complete description of all elements and assemblies of the system. Methods for determining the hydraulic characteristics of AFS elements using the drag coefficient, reference literature and CFD codes are considered. As the investigated AFS units, a drain valve and burst fitting were studied in the article. A hydraulic calculation of these AFS elements ware performed, the simulation results are presented in the ANSYS CFX software package. Also as the calculation results of bursting fitting, the pressure distribution fields of full and static pressure, velocity and streamlines are also shown. An experimental setup for validating the results obtained using the mathematical modeling method is considered, as well as a methodology for conducting a full-scale experiment to determine the hydraulic resistance of the unit. Materials have been prepared for inclusion in a one-dimensional mathematical model of an accident-resistant fuel system.
THE MECHANISM OF ANOMALY OF CHARGED PARTICLES BEFORE THE EARTHQUAKE
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science, SPA “Physics-Sun”, Academy of Science of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, RAKHIMOV RUSTAM , MAKHSUDOV ASATULLA
Published: October 2020

Some mechanisms are considered in the form of analysis of the propagation and origin of charged particles involved in acting forces in energy transfer processes that lead to a highly deformed seismically active state and create the necessary conditions for the occurrence of an earthquake. The results of monitoring the registration of charged particles of radioactive radiation of the earth’s crust for the purpose of earthquake forecasting are analyzed. During monitoring, responses to the origin of an event - an earthquake-are observed in the behavior of charged particles, which are located on remote parts of the earth’s crust relative to the place where charged particles are registered. In this case, wide horizons of the earth’s crust are involved, where tectonic disturbances are developed, covering not only the deep layers of the earth’s crust, but also the sections that appear in the upper parts. These tectonic disturbances can be considered as through-current channels that facilitate the transfer of energy from great depths. On the earth’s surface, the behavior of charged particles should be considered within the framework of the action of geomagnetic and atmospheric electricity fields. These fields at the earth’s surface are a carrier field that provides a special transfer of not only energy and matter. Thus, the propagation of charged particle flows over considerable distances from the epicenter of earthquakes can be caused by the carrier fields of deep change processes.
THE USE OF MULTIMEDIA AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE ELEMENTARY TEACHER EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM COLLEGE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ABILITY AND CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS IN FOLLOWING SCIENCE STUDY COURSES
Authors: Suchyadi Yudhie , Safitri Nurlinda , Sunardi Oding
Published: October 2020

The research objective was to improve the understanding and creative thinking skills of elementary teacher education college student as prospective teachers in following science courses. The research design used is to make college student groups into small groups. During the learning process, observations about college student cooperation during learning with multimedia media were carried out to assess their understanding and creative thinking skills. The results of the observations of each cycle were evaluated as material for reflection in the next cycle to improve college student understanding and creative thinking skills in accordance with predetermined targets. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive quantitative. From the results of the T-test, it was found that there were significant differences. This means that understanding of concepts and Science Process Skills increases after prospective teacher college student experience the science learning process using multimedia learning media. From the results, the average value of understanding the concept increased from 53.61 % to 89.78%.  and science process skills increased the average value from 43.57 to 87.32.  92% of college student gave a positive response, namely agreeing and strongly agreeing that the science lecture process using multimedia learning media can improve science process skills and understanding of material in science subjects for elementary teacher education college student
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU SAKU MATERI MAMALIA DI TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Awaludin Muhamad Taufik , Rostikawati R. Teti
Published: October 2020

DEVELOPMENT OF MAMALIA MATERIAL POCKET BOOKS IN RAGUNAN PARGARS TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S CONCEPT MASTERAbstract.  This study aims to develop a pocket book in learning biology in order to increase students 'enthusiasm for learning and is an effort to improve students' mastery of concepts. The research was carried out on class X high school students. Data collection was carried out at Ragunan Wildlife Park, Jakarta. The research was carried out in the even semester of the 2019/2020 school year, January to June 2020. The method used in this study was the R&D research and development method using the 4-D (Four D) model, namely Define, Design (Design). , Develop (Development), and Disseminate (Spread). The development of teaching materials is carried out in two stages, namely: Expert Validation and Revision of Learning Media. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the pocket book Mammals of the Primate order which was developed with the define, design, develop stage has met the components that are in accordance with KD in the 2013 curriculum, the language used is easy to understand, the presentation of a pocket book that is full of color and the images shown are very supportive of the material. learning so that it can attract the reader's attention. The Primate Order Mammals pocket book shows valid results and is suitable for use in biology learning. The average value of expert validation from the content / content aspect was 83.5%, the language aspect was 83%, and the presentation aspect was 82.5%.
MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PEWARISAN SIFAT PADA MAHLUK HIDUP DENGAN ALAT PERAGA PLASTIK MIKA
Authors: Asriadi Achmad Alim
Published: October 2020

IMPROVING STUDENT ACTIVITY AND LEARNING OUTCOMES IN INHERITANCE MATERIALS IN LIVING INTERESTS WITH MICA PLASTIC TOOLSThis study aims to determine the increase in student activity and learning outcomes, describe the process of increasing student activity and learning outcomes, and measure the magnitude of the increase in activity and learning outcomes in inheritance material in living things. The use of plastic mica props in class IXC SMP Negeri 8 Bogor City Semester 1 of the 2019/2020 school year. This research is a Classroom Action Research by providing action on research subjects in two learning cycles. The results of this study indicate that using plastic mica props can be a fun variation of learning for students so that it is proven to improve student learning outcomes. Before using the plastic mica props, the learning outcomes of students only reached an average value of 68.18 then an increase occurred after using the mica plastic props to 85.15 in cycle 1 and 90.15 in cycle 2. So it can be concluded that the use of props mica plastic is very popular with students and there is an increase in student learning outcomes. Therefore, researchers suggest that the use of plastic mica props be socialized and used as an alternative in science learning in schools
The end of the globalization erа, deglobalization, “new” globalization, or transition to noospheric co-development?
Authors:   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, BILORUS Oleh , VLASOV Volodymyr ,   National Scientific Agricultural Library of the UAAS, GASANOV Sergіi ,   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, KHANIN Igor ,   National University of Water and Environmental Engineering
Published: October 2020

The article highlights the controversial issues of the state, contradictions and trends of modern globalization in the face of new challenges and threats associated with political, immigration, pandemic, climate, economic and trade shocks – Britain’s exit from the EU, the implementation of the US President’s policy “America Above All”, the beginning of trade de-globalization as a result of the revision of free trade agreements (FTAs) and the trade “war” between the United States and China, the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic and climate change on deepening the global economic recession, the collapse of national economies and international trade, lack of financial resources for active government support of the health care systems, social protection, small and medium-sized businesses. Political, economic, managerial and academic circles are actively discussing the problems of the “end” of globalization, de-globalization, “new” globalization, the need for a “new world order”, which will actually embody the fundamental values of democracy, economic freedom, free trade and, at the same time, will strengthen social responsibility of the world community and its international institutions, the main geopolitical, geo-economic and military centers of power (primarily the United States, China, the European Union, Russia, etc.) for the preservation of peace on the basis of consensus, recognition of global priorities in countering climatic and epidemic threats to human life on Earth , consistent implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals to eradicate poverty in all its forms and manifestations, combat inequality within and between countries, ensure continuous, inclusive and sustainable economic growth and promote social inclusion. The article drew attention to the strengthening of the trends of protectionism and economic nationalism, in particular, the US withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement and attempts to revise the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The article shows the loss of the US leadership in world trade due to the accelerated economic development of other countries, primarily the Asian region. The discussion of these problems at the Davos Economic Forum led to the conclusion about the likely end of Atlanticism and globalization. At the same time, the UN report (2018) highlighted a special section on trade hyperglobalization. The article hypothesizes that the Bali Round (2013) of negotiations on trade began the fourth wave of its globalization, and proposes a new theory of international trade – the theory of globalization impact.
Subordination of financial infrastructure levels and tools of the banking segment
Authors:   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, DROBIAZKO Anatolii
Published: October 2020

The financial system as a set of norms and rules of any type of economy is one of the main elements of ensuring a continuous reproduction process and purposeful development of all its industries and social sphere, and therefore a key link in shaping the country's security. In countries with centralized and command management, most of the market components of the financial infrastructure were not involved, the latter was leading only in the control of resource use, while banks played an important role in regulating the money circulation of economic agents. The modern rather extensive and multidisciplinary banking system, which operates at the sovereign as well as at the supranational levels, takes care of the financial flows of all market counterparties. Beings responsible for the mobilization and placement of part of the temporarily free funds, this established institution guarantees each client the right to own its assets, contributes to the positive dynamics of sectoral and general business activity of households, enterprises and the state. Manifestations of imbalances in contract activities lead to the demonetization of the economy, the decline in confidence in the national currency, the outflow of resources into the shadow sector, negatively affecting the development of the country. The article substantiates the directions of improving the theoretical and practical principles of anti-crisis regulation of financial relations in all dimensions of the global and national economic space, which is extremely relevant in the new economic reality.
Amazonia: the last surviving Amazonian indigenous languages
Authors: Lima Ademar dos Santos , Mello Antonio Augusto Souza , Sousa Rosineide Magalhães de
Published: October 2020

In this article, we present the last surviving Amazonian indigenous languages after more than four centuries of colonization in the Brazilian Amazonia. To expand the study, we divided the languages into five categories: living, extinct, dead, weakened and revitalized. The methodologies used were the quali-quanti approach and ethnographic and descriptive research. The techniques employed were meta-research with a focus on bibliographic data and field study. The study found that of the 495 indigenous languages of the Brazilian Amazonia, only 27 still survive and are spoken fluently, 265 have become extinct, 3 are dead and have only written records, 195 are weakened and are spoken by people over 40 and 5 have been revitalized and reintroduced into the practice of interaction and communication in the linguistic community.
Positive Selection of ORF1ab, ORF3a, and ORF8 Genes Drives the Early Evolutionary Trends of SARS-CoV-2 During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Zarate Selene , Eberl Samantha , Gladue Douglas P. , Novella Isabel , Borca Manuel V.
Published: October 2020

In this study, we analyzed full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from multiple countries to determine early trends in the evolutionary dynamics of the novel COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated SARS-CoV-2 evolved early into at least three phylogenetic groups, characterized by positive selection at specific residues of the accessory proteins ORF3a and ORF8. Also, we are reporting potential relevant sites under positive selection at specific sites of non-structural proteins nsp6 and helicase. Our analysis of co-evolution showed evidence of epistatic interactions among sites in the genome that may be important in the generation of variants adapted to humans. These observations might impact not only public health but also suggest that more studies are needed to understand the genetic mechanisms that may affect the development of therapeutic and preventive tools, like antivirals and vaccines. Collectively, our results highlight the identification of ongoing selection even in a scenario of conserved sequences collected over the first 3 months of this pandemic.
Injecting Immunosuppressive M2 Macrophages Alleviates the Symptoms of Periodontitis in Mice
Authors: Miao Yibin , He Liuting , Qi Xiaoyu , Lin Xiaoping
Published: October 2020

Periodontitis is the second most common oral disease affecting tooth-supporting structures. The tissue damage is mainly initiated by the excessive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Macrophages are a type of antigen-presenting cells that influence the adaptive immunity function. We used a unique set of cytokines, i.e., a combination of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10, to stimulate macrophages into a subset of M2 polarization cells that express much higher levels of ARG-1, CD206, and PDL-2 genes. The cells’ anti-inflammatory potential was tested with mixed-lymphocyte reaction assay, which showed that this subset of macrophages could increase IL-2 secretion and suppress IL-17, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion by splenocytes. The gram-negative bacterial species Porphyromonas gingivalis was used to initiate an inflammatory process in murine periodontal tissues. In the meantime, cell injection therapy was used to dampen the excessive immune reaction and suppress osteoclast differentiation during periodontitis. Maxilla was collected and analyzed for osteoclast formation. The results indicated that mice in the cell injection group exhibited less osteoclast activity within the periodontal ligament region than in the periodontitis group. Moreover, the injection of M2 macrophages sustained the regulatory population ratio. Therefore, the M2 macrophages induced under the stimulation of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 combined had tremendous immune modulation ability. Injecting these cells into local periodontal tissue could effectively alleviate the symptom of periodontitis.
Efficient Strategies Algorithms for Resource Allocation Problems
Authors: Koné Yacouba Adama , Konaté Jacqueline , Maïga Oumar Y. , Tembiné Hamidou
Published: October 2020

Strategic modelling with a panoramic view plays an important role in decision-making problems. It offers the possibility of generating different solutions before making a decision. This is particularly relevant in critical situations. This article addresses the problem of allocating resources, whether financial, material or human, so that it is optimal under a given set of constraints and inter-dependencies with other systems. To do this, existing strategies such as those of Colonel Blotto are studied in order to evaluate them according to some criteria, including the heterogeneity or homogeneity of resources and/or battlefields. Based on the results of these configurations, we propose distributed strategic learning methods to find better resource allocation strategies. The proposed algorithms are implemented under various scenarios, including incomplete information. Case studies are carried out to test the effectiveness of these new strategies compared to previous ones. A complexity analysis of the different algorithms is also presented.
Application of a Daily Crop Water Stress Index to Deficit Irrigate Malbec Grapevine under Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Shellie Krista C. , King Bradley A.
Published: October 2020

Precision irrigation of wine grape is hindered by the lack of an automated method for monitoring vine water status. The objectives of this study were to: Validate an automated model for remote calculation of a daily crop water stress index (CWSI) for the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar Malbec and evaluate its suitability for use in irrigation scheduling. Vines were supplied weekly with different percentages of evapotranspiration-based estimated water demand (ETc) over four growing seasons. In the fifth growing season, different daily CWSI threshold values were used to trigger an irrigation event that supplied 28 mm of water. All three indicators of vine water status (CWSI, midday leaf water potential (Ψlmd), and juice carbon isotope ratio (δ13C)) detected an increase in stress severity as the irrigation amount decreased. When the irrigation amount decreased from 100% to 50% ETc, 70% to 35% ETc, or the daily CWSI threshold value increased from 0.4 to 0.6, berry fresh weight and juice titratable acidity decreased, juice δ13C increased, the weekly CWSI increased, and Ψlmd decreased. Under the semi-arid conditions of this study, utilizing a daily CWSI threshold for irrigation scheduling reduced the irrigation amount without compromising the yield or changes in berry composition and remotely provided automated decision support for managing water stress severity in grapevine.
Morphological and Molecular Status of Daphne wolongensis C.D.Brickell et B.Mathew as Genetic Resource for Horticulture
Authors: Holubec Vojtěch , Leišová-Svobodová Leona
Published: October 2020

Daphne wolongensis described on the basis of a few known individuals was investigated in the wild, in Wolong Valley, Sechuan. Its status of valid species was verified morphologically and genetically. Three newly found populations were compared to the closely related species Daphne retusa, D. tangutica, D. longilobata, D. acutiloba, D. sureil, to clones available in cultivation and selected cultivars. The high bootstrap values indicate a sufficient level of genetic differentiation between each of the studied species. The hypothesis of whether D. wolongensis is a hybridogenous species was rejected, it is a well-defined independent species. Based on morphological and genetic data, it seems possible that another species, D. limprichtii, can be a mountain form of D. tangutica. Variability of populations in Wolong gives a good opportunity to select genotypes with a higher or better performance of combination of traits. From 67 samples collected from Wolong, it was possible to select the top ten different types as genetic resources for breeding. Daphne wolongensis, in the visited sites of Wolong area, occupies less than 1 km2. Together with isolated finds, the number of individuals is less than 500 and the area surveyed is not larger than 10 km2, thus it falls into the IUCN category of “Critically Endangered” plants.
Advanced Strategic Research to Promote the Use of Rice Genetic Resources
Authors: Lee Jae-Sung , Chebotarov Dmytro , Platten John Damien , McNally Kenneth , Kohli Ajay
Published: October 2020

International genebanks have a collection of over 760 K conserved accessions of various plants, most of these accessions are within the multi-lateral system governed by the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). However, in spite of the success in collection and conservation, only a small portion of the genetic diversity has been used in crop breeding programs. As climate change-induced new or enhanced constraints seriously hamper crop productions, researchers and breeders should be able to swiftly choose an appropriate set of genetic resources from the genebank and use them for improving crop varieties. Here, we present some advanced technologies that can effectively promote the use of diverse rice accessions held at national/international genebanks. High throughput phenotyping using multispectral imaging systems and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can quickly screen large numbers of accessions for various useful traits. Such data, when combined with that from the digital rice genebank consisting of genome sequencing data, will significantly increase the efficiency in breeding efforts. Recent genome sequencing data of the rice wild species will also add to the resources available for pre-breeding efforts such as the introgression of useful genes into modern rice varieties. We expect that these advanced technologies and strategies developed through the global rice research programs will be applicable for many closely related species as well.
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in the Xerophytic Evergreen Ammopiptanthus nanus
Authors: Hao Xin , Wang Shuyao , Chen Yingying , Qu Yue , Yao Hongjun , Shen Yingbai
Published: October 2020

The WRKY family of transcription factors plays important roles in plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Ammopiptanthus nanus, the only evergreen broadleaf shrub endemic to the desert and semi-desert regions of northwestern China, is highly tolerant to various stresses. However, a systematic study of WRKY proteins in A. nanus has not been reported. In the present study, we identified 63 WRKY genes in the A. nanus genome. Based on the conserved WRKY domains, zinc finger structures, and phylogenetic relationships in their encoded proteins, we classified these genes into four groups (group I–IV) and several subgroups (subgroup IIa–IIe). Conserved motif analysis showed that all motifs except those within the WRKY domains had a subfamily-specific distribution. Expression analysis revealed that the AnWRKY genes had distinct expression patterns, with some being more responsive to herbivory and drought stresses than others. Based on the results of our current study, we speculate that AnWRKY40 and AnWRKY48 are positive regulators of the plant’s response to drought and herbivory stresses, respectively. Our results indicate that AnWRKY genes contribute to the ability of A. nanus plants to withstand harsh, dry conditions.
Endospore-Forming Bacteria Present in a Commercial Stabilized Poultry Manure Determines the Fusarium Biocontrol and the Tomato Growth Promotion
Authors: Sepúlveda Chavera German F. , Macuer Mabel Arismendi , Torres Patricio Muñoz
Published: October 2020

Stabilized organic amendments (SOA) from poultry are used in agriculture to improve the conditions of the soil. SOAs favor the growth of the crops and reduces the effect of soil-borne plant-pathogens. However, in northern Chile, there are no studies to support this observation, nor have the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects observed in the field been established. This work aims to establish whether the promotion of growth and control of soil fungi in tomato observed in the field as a result of commercial SOA application can be attributed to different endospore-forming bacteria (EFB). The effect of commercial SOA on nutrient availability was determined. EFB isolated from a commercial product, and the application of bacterial isolates were compared with the commercial formulation of SOA, for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). The local tomato cultivar Poncho Negro was used given its sensitivity to different nutritional alterations and FORL. A series of measurements of growth parameters were carried out in plants submitted to different mixtures of SOA treatments. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Eleven EFB were isolated from SOA, and some tests were performed to determine the PGP and biocontrol of FORL activities of each isolate. Notably, isolates BAC22 (Bacillusmegaterium), BAC21, and BAC23 (B. amyloliquefaciens/velezencis) were associated with PGP, highlighting the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, a trait that in many cases is key to explaining the effects of Bacillus spp.
Molecular Characterization and Developing a Point-of-Need Molecular Test for Diagnosis of Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) Type 1 in Cattle from Egypt
Authors: El-Tholoth Mohamed , Mauk Michael G. , Elnaker Yasser F. , Mosad Samah M. , Tahoun Amin , El-Sherif Mohamed W. , Lokman Maha S. , Kassab Rami B. , Abdelsadik Ahmed , Saleh Ayman A. , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb
Published: October 2020

Bovine papillomatosis is a viral disease of cattle causing cutaneous warts. A diagnosis of this viral infection is very mandatory for combating the resulting economic losses. Given the limited data available about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in Egypt, the present study involved the molecular diagnosis of bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1), -2, -4, -5, and -10 in cattle presenting cutaneous warts on the head and neck from New Valley Province, Egypt. The phylogenetic analysis of the detected types of BPV was also performed, followed by developing a point-of-need molecular assay for the rapid identification of identified BPV types. In this regard, a total of 308 cattle from private farms in Egypt were clinically examined, of which 13 animals presented cutaneous warts due to suspected BPV infection. The symptomatic animals were treated surgically, and biopsies from skin lesions were collected for BPV-1, -2, -4, -5, and -10 molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of BPV-1 DNA was confirmed in 11 collected samples (84.6%), while BPV-2, -4, -5, and -10 were not detected. Sequencing of the PCR products suggested the Egyptian virus is closely related to BPV found in India. An isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) with labeled primers specific for the BPV-1 L1 gene sequence, and based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), in combination with a lateral flow strip assay for the detection of RPA products, was developed and tested. The point-of-need molecular assay demonstrated a diagnostic utility comparable to PCR-based testing. Taken together, the present study provides interesting molecular data related to the occurrence of BPV-1 in Egypt and reveals the genetic relatedness of the Egyptian BPV-1 with BPV-1 found in buffalo in India. In addition, a simple, low-cost combined test was also validated for diagnosis of the infection. The present study suggests the necessity of future investigations about the circulating strains of the virus among the cattle in Egypt to assess their genetic relatedness and better understand the epidemiological pattern of the disease.
Quercetin and Naringenin Provide Functional and Antioxidant Protection to Stored Boar Semen
Authors: Tvrdá Eva , Debacker Mégane , Ďuračka Michal , Kováč Ján , Bučko Ondřej
Published: October 2020

In this study, we evaluated the impact of 5–50 μM quercetin (QUE) and naringenin (NAR) on extended boar spermatozoa in the BTS (Beltsville Thawing Solution) medium for 72 h. Spermatozoa motion, membrane, acrosome, and DNA integrity were investigated immediately after sample dilution (0 h) as well as after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of semen storage. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide production, as well as the extent of oxidative damage to the sperm proteins and lipids, were assessed to determine the potential of QUE and NAR to prevent a potential loss of sperm vitality due to oxidative stress development. Our results indicate that the most notable parameter influenced by QUE was the mitochondrial activity, which remained significantly higher throughout the experiment (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001; 10 μM), and which correlated with the most prominent maintenance of sperm motility (p < 0.01, 48 h; p < 0.05, 72 h). A significant membrane stabilization (p < 0.01, 24 h and 48 h; p < 0.0001, 72 h) and prevention of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05, 24 h and 48 h; p < 0.01, 72 h) was primarily observed following administration of 10 and 25 μM NAR; respectively. Administration of 10 μM QUE led to a significant decrease of superoxide (p < 0.0001, 48 h and 72 h) while the most notable decline of ROS generation was recorded in the case of 10 and 25 μM NAR (p < 0.001). This study may provide new information on the specific mechanisms of action involved in the favorable effects of natural biomolecules on spermatozoa.