bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitutional review and the achievement of higher performance in democratized local government system of Delta and Edo State
Authors: Omamuyovwi Afonughe Irikefe , Akpomuvire Mukoro , Sokoh G C
Published: April 2023

This paper x-rayed the importance of constitutional review as the instrument or tool to achieve effectiveness; in the local government systems of Delta and Edo States. It is rather good to mention that every system whether as a body or an institution of governance needs good legislations as a constitutional framework to enable its performance or pragmatism because without it there will not be direction of focus as well as accountability, hence the constitution is the oxygen of the state as well as government in the forms of arms, tiers and agencies. Local government performance in Nigeria, especially Delta and Edo States as the focal points is at dismal state in terms of performance, rural communities are a continuous shadow of themselves and this is as a consequence to the faulty constitutional arrangements that has gone a long way to pervasively strangulated this third tier of government to the extent that their essence of creation is far apart from the reality on ground. Thus, this constitutional deformity has spiral into various problems such as oppression from the state agencies, general indiscipline among the cadre of workers in the local government system, inadequacy of skilled workers among others. The study therefore, arrived at some recommendations such as: The need for urgent constitutional review to reform the laws that dictate the whims and caprices of the local government system, local government autonomy entailing financial and administration should be ensured, the state joint local government account should be entirely abolished. The study concludes that the legislature as an organ of government should be sincere to enforce the political will of a good constitutional reform for an effective local government performance.
The analysis of Bokoharjo digital marketing communication media in promoting its potential
Authors: Saputro Eko Prasetyo Nugroho , Widiarti Pratiwi Wahyu , Hidayati Ulfah , Disyacitta Fikri
Published: April 2023

Bokoharjo village is located at a strategic tourist destination including Boko Temple, Banyunibo Temple, Barong Temple, Ijo Temple, Breksi Hills, and Obelix Hills which requires to be developed. The development of Bokoharjo Village as a tourist village can be realized through digital marketing communication to introduce its potential products and attractions to the wider community so that the economic sector in Bokoharjo Village can grow. This research aims to: (1) identify the existing digital marketing communication media in Bokoharjo Village (2) analyze the need for digital marketing communication media in Bokoharjo Village, and (3) identify the potential and attractions of Bokoharjo village to be promoted.  This research was conducted at Bokoharjo employing descriptive-qualitative methods. This initial research provided useful insight for the development of digital marketing communication media which comform to the needs and potential of Bokoharjo Village to advance Bokoharjo as a tourism village. The research results show that the digital marketing  communication media in Bokoharjo include website, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp which are not well managed. The media needed by Bokoharjo is an integrated media platform which contains the typical potential of Bokoharjo. The Bokoharjo potentials that can be promoted consist of Banyunibo Temple, Banyunibo Cliff, and Shibori Batik, Agricultural Commodity, and Orchid.Keywords: Media, Communication, Marketing, Digital, Bokoharjo.
Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Kualitas Pemeriksaan Pajak dan Kepatuhan Perpajakan dengan E-Filling sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Utami Dharis Septian Putri , Estiningrum Sri Dwi
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Kualitas Pemeriksaan Pajak Dan Kepatuhan Perpajakan Dengan E-Filling Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Tujuan penelitian mengukur dan mengidentifikasi pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung penerapan sistem informasi akuntansi terhadap tingkat kualitas pemeriksaan pajak dan kepatuhan perpajakan melalui implementasi e-filling. Penelitian dilakukan di KPP Pratama Tulungagung. Metode pengujian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemodelan persamaan struktural dengan program SPSS. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner sehingga menghasilkan data primer. Data pendukung diperoleh dari pihak KPP Pratama Tulungagung. Sampel diambil dari dua bagian responden yaitu pemeriksa pajak dan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Melalui metode purposive sampling diperoleh sampel 7 pemeriksa pajak dan 100 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi. Sampel pemeriksa pajak digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kualitas pemeriksaan pajak dan sampel Wajib Pajak digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kepatuhan perpajakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pemeriksaan pajak baik secara langsung maupun melalui e-filling sebagai mediasi, sistem informasi akuntansi berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap kepatuhan perpajakan, melalui e-filling sistem informasi akuntansi tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepatuhan perpajakan.Kata kunci: Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Pemeriksaan, Kepatuhan, Pajak, E-Filling Abstract: Accounting Information System, Tax Audit Quality and Tax Compliance with E-Filling as a Mediation Variable. The objectives of this study is to identify and calculate the direct and indirect effect of the application of Accounting Information System on Tax Audit Quality and Tax Compliance with E-Filling through the implementation of e-filling. This study conducted in KPP Pratama Tulungagung. In this study, the testing method used is in the form of structural equation modeling assisted by the SPSS program. Research data was collected using a questionnaire, so as to produce primary data. Supporting data was obtained from the KPP Pratama Tulungagung. In this study, the research sample was taken from two parts of the respondents, namely tax audits and individual taxpayers using purposive sampling method. By using this purposive sampling method, the research samples obtained were seven and 100 individual taxpayers. This tax audit sample aims to measure the level of tax audit quality and the taxpayer sample is intended to measure the level of tax compliance. The results show that the accounting information system variable affects the quality of tax audits, both directly and through e-filling as a mediating variable, accounting information systems have a direct effect on tax compliance, through e-filling accounting information systems have no effect on tax compliance.Keywords: Accounting Information System, Inspection, Compliance, Tax, E-Filling
Pengaruh Liputan Media, Sensitivitas Lingkungan, Environmental Management System, dan Kedekatan Konsumen terhadap Pengungkapan Lingkungan
Authors: Zakaria Dinda Karunia Putri , Hastuti Sri , Widiastuti Sri Wahyuni
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate empirical proof of the effect of media coverage, environmental sensitivity, environmental management system, and customer closeness on the environmental disclosure of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. The population in this study is all environmental disclosure on the company’s sustainability report listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. This study sampling method is purposive sampling, with 15 companies meeting the criteria as the sample with 45 firm-years. This study was tested using multiple linear regression. The results of this study show that environmental sensitivity and customer closeness effect on company’s environmental disclosure. In contrast, media coverage and environmental management system do not affect the company’s environmental disclosure.Keywords: Environmental Disclosure, Media Coverage, Environment Sensitivity, Environmental Management System, Customer ClosenessABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh liputan media, sensitivitas lingkungan, Environmental Management System (EMS), dan kedekatan konsumen terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2018-2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pengungkapan lingkungan yang dilakukan perusahaan dalam laporan keberlanjutan oleh perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dalam periode 2018-2020. Metode pengambilan sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai sampel sebanyak 15 perusahaan dengan total observasi sebanyak 45 perusahaan-tahun. Penelitian ini diuji dengan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sensitivitas lingkungan dan kedekatan konsumen berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan perusahaan sedangkan liputan media dan Environment Management System (EMS) tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan lingkungan perusahaan.Kata Kunci: Pengungkapan Lingkungan, Liputan Media, Sensitivitas Lingkungan, Environmental Management System, Kedekatan Konsumen
Генерация многозарядных ионов металлов в ионном диоде с магнитной самоизоляцией
Authors: Шаманин В.И. , Тарбоков В.А.
Published: April 2023

A self-magnetically insulated ion diode was used to produce a pulsed beam of metallic ions from explosion emission plasma. The ratio of integral transferred charge for the Al, Ti and Mo ions amounted to at least 63% to the total beam charge. The ion diode had design features, which consisted in a bladed cathode and a removable perforated anode overlay made of VT-8 alloy. Analysis of the charge to mass characteristics of beam ions and the ion current density waveforms by the time of flight methodic with use of a Faraday cup showed the content of aluminum and titanium ions in the third to fourth states of ionization.
How Older Indigenous Women Living in High-Income Countries Use Digital Health Technology: Systematic Review
Authors: Henson Connie , Chapman Felicity , Shepherd Gina , Carlson Bronwyn , Rambaldini Boe , Gwynne Kylie
Published: April 2023

Background

Research associated with digital health technologies similar to the technologies themselves has proliferated in the last 2 decades. There are calls for these technologies to provide cost-effective health care for underserved populations. However, the research community has also underserved many of these populations. Older Indigenous women are one such segment of the population.

Objective

Our objective is to systematically review the literature to consolidate and document what we know about how older Indigenous women living in high-income countries use digital health technology to enhance their health.

Methods

We analyzed the peer-reviewed literature by systematically searching 8 databases in March 2022. We included studies published between January 2006 and March 2022 with original data specific to older Indigenous women from high-income countries that reported on the effectiveness, acceptability, and usability of some user-focused digital health technology. We incorporated 2 measures of quality for each study. We also conducted a thematic analysis and a lived experience analysis, which examined each paper from the perspectives of older Indigenous women. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines in this study.

Results

Three papers met the inclusion criteria. The key findings were that older Indigenous women do not see themselves reflected in mainstream health messaging or other digital health offerings. They prefer an approach that considers their uniqueness and diversity. We also identified 2 significant gaps in the literature. First, research reporting on older Indigenous women from high-income countries’ experiences with digital health technology is minimal. Second, the limited research related to older Indigenous women has not consistently engaged Indigenous people in the research process or governance.

Conclusions

Older Indigenous women want digital health technologies to respond to their needs and preferences. Research is needed to understand their requirements and preferences to ensure equity as we move toward greater adoption of digital health technology. Engaging older Indigenous women throughout the research is essential to ensuring that digital health products and services are safe, usable, effective, and acceptable for older Indigenous women.
One Digital Health Intervention for Monitoring Human and Animal Welfare in Smart Cities: Viewpoint and Use Case
Authors: Benis Arriel , Haghi Mostafa , Deserno Thomas M , Tamburis Oscar
Published: April 2023

Smart cities and digital public health are closely related. Managing digital transformation in urbanization and living spaces is challenging. It is critical to prioritize the emotional and physical health and well-being of humans and their animals in the dynamic and ever-changing environment they share. Human-animal bonds are continuous as they live together or share urban spaces and have a mutual impact on each other’s health as well as the surrounding environment. In addition, sensors embedded in the Internet of Things are everywhere in smart cities. They monitor events and provide appropriate responses. In this regard, accident and emergency informatics (A&EI) offers tools to identify and manage overtime hazards and disruptive events. Such manifold focuses fit with One Digital Health (ODH), which aims to transform health ecosystems with digital technology by proposing a comprehensive framework to manage data and support health-oriented policies. We showed and discussed how, by developing the concept of ODH intervention, the ODH framework can support the comprehensive monitoring and analysis of daily life events of humans and animals in technologically integrated environments such as smart homes and smart cities. We developed an ODH intervention use case in which A&EI mechanisms run in the background. The ODH framework structures the related data collection and analysis to enhance the understanding of human, animal, and environment interactions and associated outcomes. The use case looks at the daily journey of Tracy, a healthy woman aged 27 years, and her dog Mego. Using medical Internet of Things, their activities are continuously monitored and analyzed to prevent or manage any kind of health-related abnormality. We reported and commented on an ODH intervention as an example of a real-life ODH implementation. We gave the reader examples of a “how-to” analysis of Tracy and Mego’s daily life activities as part of a timely implementation of the ODH framework. For each activity, relationships to the ODH dimensions were scored, and relevant technical fields were evaluated in light of the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable principles. This “how-to” can be used as a template for further analyses. An ODH intervention is based on Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable data and real-time processing for global health monitoring, emergency management, and research. The data should be collected and analyzed continuously in a spatial-temporal domain to detect changes in behavior, trends, and emergencies. The information periodically gathered should serve human, animal, and environmental health interventions by providing professionals and caregivers with inputs and “how-to's” to improve health, welfare, and risk prevention at the individual and population levels. Thus, ODH complementarily combined with A&EI is meant to enhance policies and systems and modernize emergency management.
Cancer stem cells and the future of cancer therapy (Preprint)
Authors: Rujeedawa Tanzil
Published: April 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

The Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Model postulates that there are two distinct groups of cells within a tumour: those that can self-replicate, give rise to and sustain cancers and those that cannot. Experiments largely support this model especially in the case of leukaemias. It is important to note, however, that there are some controversies especially regarding transplantation experiments that have cast doubts over aspects of the model.

The CSC model provides an explanation to many phenomena including drug resistance, relapse and metastasis. The role of CSCs in these processes means that they are an interesting therapeutic target. Studies have investigated markers that could be used to identify them, the pathways they employ and potential ways that they can be targeted. Treatments targeting CSCs have shown promising results, especially in combatting relapse. We will examine the broad field of CSCs, explaining their implications and potential in therapy. Importantly, however, the field is huge and of necessity, selected examples will be discussed to highlight the general applicability of the CSC concept.
ÖĞRENİLMİŞ GÜÇLÜLÜK VE DUYGUSAL UYUMSUZLUĞUN PSİKOLOJİK SÖZLEŞME İLE İLİŞKİSİ: SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNE ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YAĞICI Gülnur , PAŞAOĞLU BAŞ Didem
Published: April 2023

Amaç: Çalışma hayatının her alanında özellikle hizmet sektöründe çalışan ve örgütler arasında farklı beklentiler bulunmaktadır. Karşılıklı bu beklentiler her zaman yazılı ve sözlü ifade edilmese de örgütün kuralları olarak çalışanların karşısına çıkmaktadır ve zaman zaman bu durum çalışanlar için zorlayıcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve duygusal uyumsuzluğun psikolojik sözleşme ile arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırma amacı taşımaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda söz konusu ilişkiyi araştırmak için sağlık çalışanları üzerinde nicel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda, büyük bir çoğunluğu A hastanesinden olmak üzere B, C ve D hastaneleri sağlık çalışanları katılımıyla toplamda 203 sağlık çalışanı araştırmaya katılmıştır. Araştırmada kolayda örnekleme yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 26.0 ve AMOS 24 programı ile test edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular (n=203) neticesinde öğrenilmiş güçlülük ile psikolojik sözleşme arasında çok zayıf, pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılırken duygusal uyumsuzluk ve psikolojik sözleşme arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.
Sonuç: Araştırma bulgularına göre öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyi yüksek olan sağlık çalışanları, psikolojik sözleşme durumunda az da olsa baş edebilmektedirler. Öğrenilmiş güçlülük ile psikolojik sözleşme arasında zayıf düzeyde, duygusal uyumsuzluk ve psikolojik sözleşme arasında ise anlamsız ilişki çıkmasında Covid-19 döneminin devam ettiği süreçte yapılan çalışmada sağlık çalışanlarının büyük sorumluluk üstlenmesinin etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Faktor Prediktif Signifikansi Dampak Klinik Intervensi Apoteker pada Pasien Geriatrik Rawat Inap
Authors: Setiawati Margarita Krishna , Yasin Nanang Munif , Pramantara I Dewa Putu
Published: April 2023

Pasien geriatrik mengalami perubahan fisiologik, farmakokinetika, dan farmakodinamika. Hal ini menjadi penyebab terjadinya Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) pada geriatrik. Apoteker berperan penting dalam mengoptimalkan efektivitas dan keamanan terapi obat pasien khususnya geriatrik, yaitu dengan mencegah dan mengatasi DRPs. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor prediktif (komorbiditas, jumlah obat, Length of stay, dan usia) signifikansi dampak klinik intervensi Apoteker pada pasien geriatrik rawat inap. Dengan diketahuinya faktor prediktif ini dapat membantu Apoteker untuk dapat melakukan prioritas dalam pemantauan terapi obat pasien. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental without control group. Penelitian dilakukan pada pasien geriatrik rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih periode Maret - April 2021, dengan kriteria inklusi pasien usia ≥ 60 tahun, merupakan kasus penyakit dalam, dan teridentifikasi DRPs. Kriteria eksklusi pasien dirawat di ruang perawatan Covid-19 dan ruang intensif. Apoteker melakukan pemantauan terapi obat pasien, mengidentifikasi DRPs, dan memberikan intervensi atasnya. Intervensi yang diberikan Apoteker, dinilai signifikansi dampak kliniknya. Signifikansi dampak klinik intervensi Apoteker ditentukan melalui professional adjustment berdasarkan tools yaitu Assessment the potential impact of the pharmacist’s recommendation on patient care. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat dan multivariat. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi berjumlah 28 orang, dengan total 47 DRPs dan jumlah intervensi sebanyak 53. Signifikansi intervensi yang terbanyak adalah kategori significant yaitu sebanyak 50,94%. Faktor prediktif (komorbiditas, jumlah obat, Length of stay, dan usia) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap signifikansi dampak klinik intervensi Apoteker.
Pengaruh Edukasi Apoteker Pada Swamedikasi Nyeri Terhadap Hasil Terapi dan Kepuasan Terapi
Authors: Fitrianna Winna Nurlaeli , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Andayani Tri Murti
Published: April 2023

Apoteker sebagai fasilitator dalam praktik swamedikasi, harus memiliki kompetensi terhadap pemilihan obat, dan pemberian informasi obat yang sesuai dengan kondisi nyeri pasien untuk mencapai tujuan terapi yang diinginkan dan mengurangi kesalahan penggunaan obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh edukasi oleh apoteker pada pasien swamedikasi nyeri terhadap hasil terapi dan kepuasan terapi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan quasi-eksperimental dengan desain prettest dan posttest dengan control group. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) dan Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) dalam bahasa Indonesia yang sudah di uji validitas oleh peneliti dengan nilai Cronbach alpha 0,920, untuk menilai hasil terapi dan kepuasan terapi pasien swamedikasi nyeri di salah satu apotek di Yogyakarta periode Agustus 2021. Edukasi yang diberikan berupa edukasi terkait obat oleh Apoteker. Analisis data univariat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran karakteristik responden. Analisis perbandingan hasil terapi dan kepuasan terapi menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 40 responden dibagi menjadi kelompok edukasi dan kontrol. Responden penelitian ini rata-rata berusia < 60 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan. Nyeri yang paling banyak dirasakan adalah nyeri otot. Analisis hasil terapi berdasarkan tercapainya penurunan nilai VAS sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi, menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok edukasi dan kontrol (p=0,044). Analisis kepuasan terapi TSQM dilakukan dengan membandingkan kelompok edukasi dan kontrol. Analisis perbandingan kepuasan terapi berbeda bermakna pada domain kenyamanan terapi (p=0,047). Edukasi yang diberikan apoteker secara bermakna meningkatkan hasil terapi dan kepuasan terapi domain kenyamanan terapi, namun tidak meningkatkan kepuasan terapi domain efektivitas terapi dan kepuasan global. Rekomendasi pada penelitian ini diharapkan apoteker dapat meningkatkan peran dalam edukasi pada pasien swamedikasi.
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Keparahan dan Kematian Pasien Covid-19 di RSU Haji Surabaya
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 merupakan penyakit baru yang muncul dan dikenali pada Desember 2019. Penyakit ini menyebabkan kasus kematian yang masif di banyak negara di dunia, sehingga WHO dinyatakan sebagai pandemi global. Peningkatan kasus kematian akibat COVID-19 juga dirasakan di Indonesia. Hingga Februari 2022, jumlah kematian tercatat 3,30% lebih tinggi dari kasus kematian dunia sebesar 2,3% dan WHO 1,50%. Peningkatan indek massa tubuh dapat mempengaruhi kondisi klinis pasien, termasuk keparahan kasus hingga kematian pada pasien. Pasien dengan IMT yang meningkat dinyatakan sebagai faktor risiko keparahan dan kematian pasien COVID-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan IMT dengan tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Metode penelitian menggunakan kohort retrospektif yang dilakukan pada pasien rawat inap COVID-19 di RSU Haji Surabaya periode Maret 2020 hingga Maret 2021. Analisis data dalam menilai hubungan antar variabel uji dihitung menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan nilai signifikansi (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di RSU Haji Surabaya menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan tingkat keparahan kasus (p=0,065) dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dengan mortalitas pasien (p=0,014). Kesimpulan penelitian diperoleh bahwa pasien COVID-19 denga IMT yang kurang atau berlebih dapat memungkinkan meningkatkan keparahan kasus dan mortalitas.
Analisis Kesediaan Membayar Terhadap Penggunaan Obat Tradisional pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Masyarakat Dusun Kiringan Desan Canden Bantul
Authors: Hidayati Listiana , Fatimah Fitri Andriani
Published: April 2023

Infeksi yang disebabkan virus corona maka akan menimbulkan reaksi tubuh. Apabila sistem kekebalan tubuh kuat, virus akan mati dan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah, maka dapat memicu munculnya gejala yang parah dan komplikasi fatal. Imunostimulan dapat meningkatkan mekanisme pertahanan tubuh spesifik dan non-spesifik, dan terdapat induksi non-spesifik dari kedua mekanisme pertahanan seluler dan humoral. Pengobatan tradisional digunakan untuk meringankan gejala COVID-19. Belum ada penelitian yang menunjukkan pengobatan tersebut dapat mencegah atau menyembuhkan penyakit  akibat COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik konsumen dan nilai Willingness to Pay (WTP) obat tradisional di Dusun Kiringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik bersifat non-eksperimental melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Kiringan, Bantul, Yogyakarta dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 276 responden. Data primer  dianalisis secara deskriptif dan Contingent Valuation Modelling (CVM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan karakteristik reponden yaitu sebaran menurut usia yaitu 69 responen berusia 36-45 tahun (25%), jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 156 (57%), tingkat pendidikan adalah SMA sebanyak 137 responden (50%) dan tingkat pendapatan 172 responden (62%) adalah < Rp 1 juta. Perolehan nilai rataan WTP jahe Rp 19.800, nilai rataan WTP temulawak Rp 11.000, nilai rataan WTP sereh Rp 10.200, Sedangkan nilai rataan WTP kunyit Rp 9.600.
Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Antihypertensive Polyherbal Preparations Containing Allium sativum Curcuma aeruginosa & Amomi fructus
Authors: Marjawan Herzan , Pratiwi Woro Rukmi , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Satriyo Pamungkas Bagus
Published: April 2023

Hypertension is a major factor causing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure. Polyherbal preparations containing garlic (Aliium sativum), temu ireng (Curcumae aeruginosae) and cardamom (Amomi fructus) have been widely used to treat hypertension. Despite widely used in community, its safety has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the single dose oral safety of the polyherbal. The acute oral toxicity test was done using fixed dose methods. Single dose of the polyherbal was administered to female Wistar rats. The clinical examination was done after administration of the polyherbal and continued until the 14th day to check for symptoms of toxicity, changes in body weight. On day 15, the animal was sacrificed and histopathological examination was conducted. The body weight did not differ between animal that received polyherbal and not received polyherbal. However, there was an increase in body weight in a group that received polyherbal at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The absolute and relative organs weight was also similar among groups. There were no macroscopic and histopathological changes in kidney, liver, heart, spleen, aorta, and lungs. The polyherbal preparations containing Aliium sativum, Curcumae aeruginosae and Amomi fructus is safe with LD50 >2000-5000 mg/kg in Wistar rats.
Rasionalitas Regimen Dosis Gentamisin Pada Pasien Rawat Inap Di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang (Kajian Terhadap Efektivitas Terapi Dan Peningkatan Serum Kreatinin)
Authors: Rahmawati Fita , Dilaga Arroyani Asa , Wahyono Djoko
Published: April 2023

Gentamisin merupakan antibiotik pada terapi empiris khususnya infeksi bakteri gram negatif. Gentamisin memiliki indeks terapi sempit serta bersifat nefrotoksik. Pencegahan nefrotoksisitas dan peningkatan efektivitas terapi gentamisin dapat dilakukan dengan penyesuaikan regimen dosis berdasarkan nilai klirens kreatinin pasien. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi rasionalitas dosis gentamisin  serta mengetahui hubungan rasionalitas dosis dengan efektivitas terapi gentamisin dan efek peningkatan serum kreatinin.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional  dilakukan di RSUP Kariadi Semarang. Sejumlah 129 rekam medis pasien rawat inap tahun 2018- 2019 dipilih menggunakan tehnik purpusive sampling. Kriteria inklusi meliputi usia pasien 18 tahun ke atas,  menggunakan gentamisin injeksi minimal 3 hari, terdapat data serum kreatinin minimal sebanyak dua kali (sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan injeksi gentamisin). Efektivitas terapi  terbagi menjadi membaik dan tidak membaik berdasarkan rekam medis pasien. Peningkatan serum kreatinin ditunjukkan dengan kenaikan sebesar 0,5 mg/dl atau lebih. Statistik bivariat Fisher exact test digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kedua variabel.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis rasional terdapat pada 19 (14,73% ) pasien dimana 15 (11,63%) pasien  memberikan hasil terapi membaik dan terjadi  peningkatan sCr  lebih dari 0,5 mg/dl pada 5 (3,88 %) pasien. Sedangkan dosis tidak rasional terdapat pada 110 (85,27%) pasien dimana 52 (40,31%) pasien memberikan hasil terapi membaik dan 31 (24,03%) pasien  terjadi peningkatan sCr. Rasionalitas regimen dosis memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan efektitivitas terapi (p<0,05) namun tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan serum kreatinin   (p>0,05). Peran farmasis diperlukan dalam monitoring terapi pasien sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan optimasi terapi dan menurunkan efek samping.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) pada Pasien Geriatri Rawat Inap di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin
Authors: Wulansari Amanda , Wiedyaningsih Chairun , Probosuseno Probosuseno
Published: April 2023

Perubahan fisiologi terkait proses penuaan yang secara alami terjadi pada usia lanjut menyebabkan perubahan farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamika obat pada pasien geriatri. Pemilihan obat pada populasi geriatri merupakan proses yang kompleks karena penggunaan obat yang tidak tepat (Potentially Inappropriate Medication) pada populasi ini berasosiasi pada peningkatan risiko morbiditas, bahkan mortalitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi PIM pada pasien geriatri rawat inap di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin berdasarkan Kriteria Beer’s 2019 serta mengetahui hubungan jumlah obat dan lama rawat inap dengan kejadian PIM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data diambil secara retrospektif menggunakan 141 rekam medik pasien geriatri rawat inap di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin tahun 2019. Identifikasi kejadian PIM dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data pengobatan yang diperoleh menggunakan kriteria Beer’s 2019. Analisis data secara univariat dilakukan untuk melihat prevalensi kejadian PIM pada pasien geriatri rawat inap. Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian PIM ditinjau dari jumlah obat dan lama rawat inap dengan menggunakan uji nonparametrik chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan analisis uji univariat persentase prevalensi kejadian PIM dengan kriteria Beer’s 2019 sebesar 63,1 %. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan bermakna antara kejadian PIM dengan jumlah obat dan lama rawat inap di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin dengan nilai p sebesar 0,03 dan 0,00. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sarana bagi praktisi dan referensi dalam penelitian yang lebih lanjut mengenai PIM pada geriatri yang secara tidak langsung juga akan mengoptimalkan terapi.
Analisis Potensi Dampak Perjanjian TRIPs pada Ketersediaan Obat dan Vaksin Covid-19
Authors: Joris Mario Franky , Putri Yuliawan Kadek Maylena , Endarti Dwi
Published: April 2023

ABSTRAKAdanya perjanjian TRIPs membuat aksesibilitas obat dan pelayanan kesehatan menjadi terhambat karena dibatasi oleh adanya paten, terutama pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dari implementasi TRIPs terhadap ketersediaan obat dan vaksin Covid-19 pada beberapa negara selama masa pandemi. Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi pustaka, dimana dilakukan pencarian literatur menggunakan berbagai macam database dan kata kunci. Hasilnya, dalam pelaksanaan TRIPs, TRIPs menghalangi ketersediaan obat-obatan esensial, terutama di negara berkembang. Maka dari itu, muncul fleksibilitas TRIPs yang dianggap dapat menjadi opsi dan solusi dalam mengatasi aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan, terutama obat dan vaksin Covid-19 selama masa pandemi. Dengan adanya fleksibilitas TRIPs, banyak negara dan juga perusahaan farmasi yang memanfaatkan fleksibilitas ini sehingga menjamin ketersediaan obat dan vaksin esensial untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19. Kata Kunci: Covid-19; fleksibilitas TRIPs; ketersediaan obat; TRIPs; vaksin Covid-19. ABSTRACTThe existence of the TRIPs agreement has hampered the accessibility of drugs and health services because they are limited by the existence of patents, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing TRIPs on the availability of Covid-19 drugs and vaccines in several countries during the pandemic. This study was conducted using the literature study method, where a literature search was carried out using various databases and keywords. As a result, in the implementation of TRIPs, TRIPs hinder the availability of essential medicines, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the TRIPs flexibility has emerged which is considered to be an option and solution in overcoming the accessibility of health services, especially drugs and Covid-19 vaccines during the pandemic. With the flexibility of TRIPs, many countries as well as pharmaceutical companies are taking advantage of this flexibility to ensure the availability of essential drugs and vaccines for handling the Covid-19 pandemic.Keyword: Covid-19; TRIPs flexibility; drug availability; TRIPs; Covid-19 vaccine.
The Use of Antibiotics in COVID-19 Therapy in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
Authors: Laily Putri Dina Mahera , Andayani Tri Murti , Puspitasari Ika
Published: April 2023

As a newly emerging disease initially identified at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 has various therapeutic options. The current COVID-19 treatment in Indonesia refers to the licensed treatment based on the Emergency Used Authorization from BPOM, which lists many approved antibiotic therapies. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics is known to have an adverse impact of resistance. Therefore, studies on the use of antibiotics in health care facilities, including hospitals, are pivotal, especially in the management of newly emerging disease of COVID-19. This study aims to describe the use of antibiotics as a therapeutic option for COVID-19 treatments in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The research used descriptive analytic method by involving patients, who were tested positive for COVID-19 in the period of February to September 2020 in Dr. RSUP Sardjito Yogyakarta, as the research subjects. Data were collected retrospectively using the drug use listed in the medical records. Data were analyzed based on patient characteristics, antibiotic profile, and final prognosis of treatment outcome. This study revealed that the highest cases occurred in men with 69.4%. The productive age group of 21 to 60 years old was known to be the age group with the highest COVID infection (64%). The most widely used antibiotics were azithromycin (56.5%) and levofloxacin (32.9%). The use of antibiotic therapy in COVID-19 patients at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta has proven to be quite effective with a prognostic rate of 76.5% for patients experiencing recovery.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EDUKASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DAGUSIBU (DAPATKAN, GUNAKAN, SIMPAN DAN BUANG) OBAT DI DESA KERUJON
Authors: Ramadhiani Aninditha Rachmah
Published: April 2023

Latar Belakang: Kurangnya pemahaman tentang cara mendapatkan, menggunakan, menyimpan dan membuang obat (Dagusibu) dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan, untuk melindungi masyarakat dari hal yang tidak diinginkan maka dilakukan edukasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat. Tujuan: tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi terhadap pengetahuan masyarakat di desa Kerujon kabupaten OKU Timur. Metode: jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental menggunakan rancangan one group pre-test dan post-test. Analisis menggunakan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: sebelum pemberian edukasi pengetahuan dengan kategori baik sebanyak 2,9%, kategori cukup sebanyak 51,4 % dan kategori kurang sebanyak 45,7%. Sedangkan sesudah edukasi pengetahuan responden dengan kategori baik sebanyak 82,9% dan kategori cukup sebanyak 17,1%. Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukan 35 responden memiliki nilai post-test lebih besar dari pada nilai pre-test. Kesimpulan: pemberian edukasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan tentang DAGUSIBU (dapatkan, gunakan, simpan dan buang) obat yang dapat dilihat dari hasil uji signifikan p-value (0,00) < 0,05.
Hubungan Penggantian Nama Dagang Asam Valproat dengan Luaran Klinik Pasien Pediatrik Penderita Epilepsi di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Apriani Ania Rachma
Published: April 2023

Epilepsi merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan perhatian dalam pelayanan kesehatan, karena penggunaannya yang bersifat jangka panjang. Obat Anti Epilepsi (OAE) mempunyai rentang terapi yang sempit, sehingga dalam penatalaksanaan terapinya membutuhkan perhatian, termasuk dalam hal penggantian atau substitusi obatnya. Asam valproat merupakan OAE yang sering digunakan pada pasien pediatrik penderita epilepsi di Instalasi Rawat Rawat Jalan Anak RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur hubungan antara penggantian nama dagang asam valproat dengan luaran klinik berupa bangkitan epilepsi pada pasien pediatrik tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan rancangan Cohort Study yang dilakukan secara retrospektif, dan dilakukan di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Instrumen penelitian berupa aplikasi SIM-RS dan data rekam medik pasien. Pada aplikasi SIM-RS diperoleh data berupa nama dagang asam valproat yang digunakan oleh pasien selama 3 bulan pada periode kunjungan bulan Januari 2020 sampai dengan Desember 2020, kemudian diikuti dan diamati pada bulan ketiga pengamatan. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggantian nama dagang asam valproat ini adalah menggunakan SPSS dengan uji independent t-test dan analisis kovarian digunakan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar faktor klinik berpengaruh pada luaran klinik pasien tersebut. Hasil penelitan ini menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara penggantian nama dagang asam valproat dengan luaran klinik berupa bangkitan epilepsi pada pasien pediatrik penderita epilepsi di Instalasi Rawat Rawat Jalan Anak RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta.
Evaluation the Rationality of Clinical Outcomes of Antibiotic Use and Patterns of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics in Children with Pneumonia
Authors: Elvionita Cindy , Sari Ika Puspita , Nuryastuti Titik
Published: April 2023

Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that attacks the lungs in the lung parenchyma tissue or alveoli. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children worldwide. Rational use of antibiotics can reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. This study used observational analytics with a retrospective cohort design. The research subjects were pediatric patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia who were hospitalized at Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta period 1 January – 31 December 2020. The rationality of the use of antibiotics was evaluated using the Gyssens method. The clinical outcome observed was the patient's condition improving or not improving after 3 to 5 days of antibiotic administration. Chi-Square test to see the relationship of antibiotic rationality to clinical outcomes and multiple logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationship of confounding variables to clinical outcomes. From 141 patients, 211 antibiotic regimens were obtained, with details of 186 empiric antibiotics and 25 definitive antibiotics. The rational use of antibiotics in empirical and definitive antibiotics was 140 regimens (75.27%) and 22 regimens (88%). Total irrational antibiotics (category I-VI) from empirical and definitive antibiotics were 24.73% and 12%, respectively. There is a significant relationship between the rationality of antibiotics with clinical outcomes both empirical and definitive antibiotics (p<0.05). Meanwhile, for confounding variables, there was no significant relationship to the clinical outcome (p>0.05). The most common bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin sulbactam and ceftriaxone antibiotics and Acinetobacter baumanii was the most resistant ampicillin.
Pharmacist Experience in Discovering Forged Prescriptions in Pharmacies In the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Wati Muvita Rina , Oktaviani Istiqomah Dwi , Bin Yahya Ahmad Fahmy , Ardiningtyas Bondan , Widayati Anna Wahyuni
Published: April 2023

Pharmacies were a source of narcotics and other addictive agents by 2.1% of respondents to a survey conducted by BNN and LIPI in 2019. One way for drug abusers to obtain drugs is to use forged prescriptions. Therefore, the accuracy of pharmacists in prescription's screening is needed to reduce the prevalence of drug abuse. Research on prescription counterfeiting has been carried out in various developed countries, but similar research has never been conducted in Indonesia.          This study aims to determine the patterns, characteristics, and experience of pharmacists in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) pharmacy in responding to counterfeit prescription findings. This research is an observational study with a survey method using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. A total of 152 pharmacists in DIY were involved as respondents and filled out questionnaires both online using the Google Form and offline from November to December 2019. The research data were analyzed descriptively.          Based on the results of the study, most of respondents 85%) had encountered counterfeit prescriptions. They were identified by the following characteristics, including the doctor's writings that were not the same as usual (60%), the amount of medicine was irrational/added with 'iter' (59%), absence of doctor’s registration number (41%), stamp (44%), and doctor's signature (32%). The most common drug classes written on fake prescriptions include psychotropics, followed by other drug classes, namely drugs that are often abuse, narcotics, antibiotics, and other ethical drugs (misoprostol and levonogestrel). In identifying counterfeit prescriptions, pharmacists need a guideline, training, and coaching. In addition, clear supervision and reporting channels are needed so that prescription counterfeiting can be reported and seriously followed up by involving Indonesian Pharmacist Association (IAI), Health Office (Dinas Kesehatan), and Indonesia Food and Drug Administration (POM).
Effect of Acetic Acid and/or Sodium Hydroxide Treatment towards Characters of Wonosari Natural Zeolite for Hydrotreatment of Castor Oil into Biofuel
Authors: Triyono Triyono , Trisunaryanti Wega , Falah Iip Izul , Rahmi Lailatul
Published: April 2023

Natural zeolite (ZA) obtained from Wonosari, Indonesia, was treated with acetic acid (ZAA) or NaOH (ZAB), and the combination of both treatments (ZAAB) in order to increase the Si/Al ratio and catalytic performance on hydrotreatment of castor oil. The Si/Al ratio of ZA increased after the combination of acetic acid and NaOH treatment. The change of the Si/Al ratio was observed in the FTIR spectra as the shifting of internal asymmetric stretching vibration of T−O−T at 1032-1100 cm−1. The XRD profile of ZA was maintained after being subjected to treatments, and ZAB exhibited the lowest crystallinity. The surface area of the ZA after treatment is in the order ZAA < ZA < ZAAB < ZAB. The ZAB catalyst having the highest surface area (19.144 m2 g−1) showed the highest catalytic activity on the hydrotreatment of castor oil with a liquid fraction of 55.1 wt.% and selectivity towards the hydrocarbon compounds of 22.40 wt.%.
Microencapsulation of Ruellia tuberosa L. Extracts Using Alginate: Preparation, Biological Activities, and Release
Authors: Pertiwi Andriana Kusuma , Annisa Choirin , Ningsih Zubaidah , Safitri Anna
Published: April 2023

The bioactive compounds naturally present in plants have great importance due to their biological characteristics. These substances could lose their active characteristics since they are highly unstable. Microencapsulation is one of the techniques to improve stability and protect these compounds. In this work, Ruellia tuberosa L. ethanolic extracts microcapsules were prepared using a freeze-drying method by varying pH, alginate concentration, and stirring time. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), characteristics, alpha-amylase inhibition activity, and release behavior of the microcapsules were investigated. The results highlighted that the highest encapsulation efficiency for the microcapsules was obtained at pH 6, alginate concentration of 1% (w/v), and 30 min of stirring time (51.63% EE). The microcapsules mostly had spherical shapes with a mean diameter of 197.53 μm. The alpha-amylase inhibition assay from microcapsules resulted in the IC50 value of 46.66 ± 0.13 μg/mL, demonstrating high biological activity. The bioactive substances from microcapsules were released during intervals of 30–120 min at pH values of 1.2 and 7.4. Only 3.51% of the bioactive substances were released at pH 1.2 after 120 min, compared to 55.78% at pH 7.4. Overall, this work confirms the possibility of developing plant extracts with preserved biological activity using the produced microcapsules.
Solubility Enhancement of Carvedilol by Solid Dispersion Technique Using Sodium Alginate, Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, and Locust Bean Gum as Polymers
Authors: Sopyan Iyan , Adiningsih Nurdiani , Megantara Sandra , Marvita Siska Sari
Published: April 2023

Carvedilol (CVD) is a non-selective β-blocker. CVD is included in BCS class II. It has low water solubility. In this research, solid dispersion was used to increase the solubility and dissolution profile of CVD. In silico study using the ligand-ligand docking method. The preparation of solid dispersion using the kneading method with a weight ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, evaluation of solid dispersion includes solubility and dissolution. The best solid dispersion was characterized using FTIR, DSC, and PXRD. In silico study showed complexes CVD-SA, CVD-GG, CVD-XG and CVD-LBG have a hydrogen interaction. SA and XG were chosen as carriers in solid dispersion. CVD solid dispersion showed increased solubility in all samples, with the highest increase at 90.63 times at CVD: XG (1:4). The results of the dissolution profile obtained at 60 min are 64.95 ± 0.45% at pure CVD, 83.32 ± 1.19% at CVD:SA (1:4), and 72.56 ± 3.62% at CVD: XG (1:4). The FTIR spectrum indicates an interaction between CVD and SA. The thermogram indicated the amorphous drug, and the diffractogram showed a decrease in crystallinity. Solid dispersion is proven to increase the solubility and dissolution profile of CVD. Solid dispersion CVD: SA (1:4) showed the highest solubility and dissolution profile.