bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory manifestations in inherited metabolic diseases: 6‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Ilarslan Nisa Eda Çullas , Gunay Fatih , Cobanoglu Nazan , Karaman Merve , Eminoglu Fatma Tuba
Published: May 2019

Objectives

We aimed to call attention to respiratory system manifestations which occur in the course of many inherited metabolic diseases (IMD), and present as the leading cause of death.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients evaluated at our hospital between June 2012 and June 2018 with a diagnosis of IMD and accompanying respiratory manifestations.

Results

A total of 50 children (29 [58%] male, 21 [42%] female) with IMD and respiratory manifestations were defined. Disorders of intracellular metabolism (n = 33, 66%) formed the majority, followed by intoxication type metabolic disorders (n = 9, 18%) and energy metabolism disorders (n = 8, 16%). The most frequent respiratory symptoms were snoring (20, 40%), tachypnea (16, 32%) and wheezing (14, 28%). Physical examination findings were signs of respiratory distress (n = 28, 56%), crackles (n = 24, 48%), thoracic deformity (n = 23, 46%), decreased breath sounds (n = 17, 34%), rhonchus (n = 17, 34%), wheezing (n = 17, 34%) and stridor (n = 10, 20%). Major respiratory manifestations were chronic airway aspiration (n = 23, 46%), upper airway obstruction (n = 23, 46%), and recurrent pneumonia (n = 18, 36%). Twenty‐three 23 patients (46%) experienced endotracheal intubation, 9 patients (18%) required whole‐house mechanical ventilation and tonsilloadenoidectomy was performed in 7 patients (14%). Overall survival rate was 70% (n = 35) in a median follow‐up period of 2.36 (0.05‐5.86) years.

Conclusions

Respiratory system manifestations of IMD strongly relate with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and correct intervention of respiratory complications with a multidisciplinary team including pediatric metabolic diseases specialists, pulmonologists, otorhinolaryngologists, physiotherapists, and anesthesiologists are crucial to prevent progression and irreversible damage.
Ambipolar MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistor by Spatially Controlled Chemical Doping
Authors: Liu Xiaochi , Yuan Yahua , Qu Deshun , Sun Jian
Published: May 2019

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a widely studied 2D semiconductor, which intrinsically exhibits n‐type transport even using the high work function elemental metals as contacts. It is technically challenging to achieve ambipolar field‐effect transistors with MoS2. Herein, an effective method to prepare p‐doped MoS2 using gold chloride (AuCl3) solution is demonstrated. The doping strength can be controlled well by the process parameters. The AuCl3 doping can also be spatially selected using hexagonal‐boron nitride (h‐BN) capping masks. Subsequently, ambipolar transport can be realized in MoS2 with the coexisting parallel n‐type and p‐type channels. The resulting ambipolar MoS2 transistor presents a high room‐temperature performance, showing a high on/off ratio of 107 and a mobility of 10 s cm2 V−1 s−1 for both electron and hole.
Multi‐layer distributed protocols for robust cooperative tracking in interconnected nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Rezaei Vahid , Stefanovic Margareta
Published: May 2019

We develop a mixed graph and optimal control theoretic formulation to design a robust cooperative control protocol for a large‐scale multiagent system with partially known interconnected first‐, second‐, or mixed first‐ and second‐order dynamics. In each case, we transform the control protocol design task to a robust communication graph design problem, which, from a cyber‐physical perspective, is interpreted as the control layer design problem for an interconnected system with unknown agent layer dynamics. According to this viewpoint, each state variable has its own control layer communication topology separate from the other state variable's communication topology and the unknown agent layer interconnection topologies. We prove that all cooperative, decentralized, and centralized tracking protocols can be treated as a single design problem and, by deriving closed‐form solutions for the robust control layer topologies, we further provide a simpler design procedure, which is only based on the matrix manipulations. Aside from the linear implementation of the protocol and the connection of the proposed formulation to the well known rules‐of‐thumb in optimal control theory, this creates a higher potential to transfer ideas to industry. Modeling uncertainties tolerable by a given control layer topology is analyzed, and a preliminary performance‐oriented analysis and design approach for large‐scale interconnected systems is discussed. We show that exactly the same steps can be followed to design appropriate control layers for both tracking and stabilization.
Cross‐sectional HIV incidence estimation in an evolving epidemic
Authors: Morrison Doug , Laeyendecker Oliver , Brookmeyer Ron
Published: May 2019

The cross‐sectional approach to HIV incidence estimation overcomes some of the challenges with longitudinal cohort studies and has been successfully applied in many settings around the world. However, the cross‐sectional approach does rely on an initial training data set to develop and calibrate the statistical methods to be used in cross‐sectional surveys. The problem addressed in this paper is that the initial training data set may, over time, not reflect the current target population of interest because of evolution of the epidemic. For example, the mismatch between the target population and the initial data set could occur because of increasing use of anti‐retroviral therapy among HIV‐infected persons throughout the world. We developed methods to adjust the initial training data set with the goal that the adjusted data sets better reflect the target population. These adjustment procedures could help avoid the time and expense of collecting a completely new training data set from the current target population. We report the results of a simulation study to evaluate the procedures. We applied the methods to a dataset of HIV subtype B infection. The adjustment procedures could be applicable in situations other than cross‐sectional incidence estimation where complex statistical analyses are to be conducted using an initial data set but those results may not be directly transportable to a new target population of interest. The approach we have proposed could offer a practical and cost‐effective way to apply cross‐sectional incidence methods to new target populations as the epidemic evolves.
Synthesis Strategies and Structural Design of Porous Carbon‐Incorporated Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Enhui , Chen Mingzhe , Guo Xiaodong , Chou Shu‐Lei , Zhong Benhe , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: May 2019

Over the past decades, porous carbonaceous and carbon‐incorporated composites have aroused tremendous attention owing to their unique properties such as high surface area, excellent accessibility to active sites, tunable morphologies and structures, and superior mass transport and diffusion. They have been widely investigated and applied in various fields, such as energy storage, absorption, water filtration, drug delivery, catalysis, and sensing. In the energy storage area, rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted tremendous attention as the next‐generation power plants for large‐scale energy storage systems (EESs). However, their low energy density and power density, as well as their poor cyclability, are still the main challenges for SIBs, especially for the anode, which acts as a bottleneck. With the incorporation of appropriate porous carbonaceous materials, the disadvantages of large volume shrinkage and low electron conductivity of alloying‐ and conversion‐based anode materials have been significantly alleviated. This review points out and summarizes the most recent developments in synthesis strategies and morphology control of porous carbonaceous materials and the corresponding carbonaceous‐material‐incorporated high performance anodes for SIBs. Furthermore, the remaining challenges associated with these composites and effective routes to enhance their performance are discussed.
In Utero Transplantation of Expanded Autologous Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Results in Long-Term Hematopoietic Engraftment
Authors: Loukogeorgakis Stavros P. , Shangaris Panicos , Bertin Enrica , Franzin Chiara , Piccoli Martina , Pozzobon Michela , Subramaniam Sindhu , Tedeschi Alfonso , Kim Aimee G. , Li Haiying , Fachin Camila G. , Dias Andre I. B. S. , Stratigis John D. , Ahn Nicholas J. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Bonfanti Paola , Peranteau William H. , David Anna L. , Flake Alan W. , De Coppi Paolo
Published: May 2019

In utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been proposed as a strategy for the prenatal treatment of congenital hematological diseases. However, levels of long-term hematopoietic engraftment achieved in experimental IUT to date are subtherapeutic, likely due to host fetal HSCs outcompeting their bone marrow (BM)-derived donor equivalents for space in the hematopoietic compartment. In the present study, we demonstrate that amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs; c-Kit+/Lin−) have hematopoietic characteristics and, thanks to their fetal origin, favorable proliferation kinetics in vitro and in vivo, which are maintained when the cells are expanded. IUT of autologous/congenic freshly isolated or cultured AFSCs resulted in stable multilineage hematopoietic engraftment, far higher to that achieved with BM-HSCs. Intravascular IUT of allogenic AFSCs was not successful as recently reported after intraperitoneal IUT. Herein, we demonstrated that this likely due to a failure of timely homing of donor cells to the host fetal thymus resulted in lack of tolerance induction and rejection. This study reveals that intravascular IUT leads to a remarkable hematopoietic engraftment of AFSCs in the setting of autologous/congenic IUT, and confirms the requirement for induction of central tolerance for allogenic IUT to be successful. Autologous, gene-engineered, and in vitro expanded AFSCs could be used as a stem cell/gene therapy platform for the in utero treatment of inherited disorders of hematopoiesis. Stem Cells  2019;37:1176–1188
Specific miRNA-G Protein-Coupled Receptor Networks Regulate Sox9a/Sox9b Activities to Promote Gonadal Rejuvenation in Zebrafish
Authors: Guo Huiping , Du Xinlu , Zhang Ying , Wu Jiacheng , Wang Chenghui , Li Mingyou , Hua Xianxin , Zhang Xin A. , Yan Jizhou
Published: May 2019

Fertility and endocrine function rely on a tightly regulated synchronicity within the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, for which the sex gonad serves as the primary source of sex steroid hormones and germ cells. To maintain hormonal stasis and fertility throughout the lifespan, inducing gonadal stem cell renewal is an attractive strategy. The follicle-stimulating hormone/cAMP/MAPK/Sox9 signaling axis and its regulated specific miRNAs are thought to regulate vertebrate gonadal development and sex differentiation, yet the regulatory networks are largely unknown. By genome-wide transcriptome mining and gonadal microinjections, we identify two G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-regulatory circuits: miR430a-Sox9a in the testis and miR218a-Sox9b in the ovary. Coinjection of a Sox9a-miR430a mixture promotes spermatogenesis, whereas Sox9b-miR218a mixture increases primordial ovarian follicles. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry indicate that the two mixtures differentially modulate Sox9a/Sox9b multiple covalent modifications. We further reveal that miR430a and Sox9a synergistically activate testicular protein kinase C (PKC)/Akt signaling, whereas the miR218a and Sox9b mixture constrains ovary PKC/Akt signaling. pMIR-GFP reporter assay demonstrate that miR430a and miR218a target the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of four GPCR targets (lgr4, grk5l, grk4, and grp157). Knockdown of these GPCR genes or two Sox9 genes alters miR430a and miR218a regulation in the above gonad-specific PKC and Akt signaling pathways. These results establish two specific miRNA-GPCR-Sox9 networks and provide mechanistic insight into gonadal differentiation and rejuvenation. Stem Cells  2019;37:1189–1199
Establishing Backward Causation on Empirical Grounds
Authors: Gebharter Alexander , Graemer Dennis , Scheffels Frenzis H. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

We propose an analysis of backward causation in terms of interventionism that can avoid several problems typically associated with backward causation. Its main advantage over other accounts is that it allows for reducing the problematic task of supporting backward causal claims to the unproblematic task of finding evidence for several ordinary forward directed causal hypotheses.
Microarray and RASopathy‐disorder testing in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Sinajon P. , Chitayat D. , Roifman M. , Wasim S. , Carmona S. , Ryan G. , Noor A. , Kolomietz E. , Chong K.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To determine the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities, submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities and RASopathy‐disorder (RD) pathogenic variants in a cohort of pregnancies with nuchal translucency thickness (NT) ≥ 3.5 mm, and to propose a clinical protocol for surveillance of this group of patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review of patients referred to The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program at Mount Sinai Hospital between January 2013 and December 2015, due to NT ≥ 3.5 mm, who underwent chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. Patients underwent extensive genetic counseling prior to invasive procedures and testing. Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) was performed as the first‐line test for aneuploidy. If the result was negative, patients underwent karyotyping and/or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and if the findings were normal, they had testing for RD pathogenic variants, which included nine known genes. Patients also underwent detailed fetal ultrasound examinations and echocardiography, performed by expert operators.

Results

A total of 226 eligible patients were identified. In 116/226 (51.3%) patients, QF‐PCR identified a chromosomal aneuploidy. The remaining 110/226 (48.7%) patients had further genetic testing. Karyotyping/CMA detected an abnormal/pathogenic cytogenetic result in 9/110 (8.2%) patients, as well as five variants of unknown significance (VOUS). RD testing yielded three pathogenic variants (3/103), giving a detection rate of 2.9%, and one VOUS. The optimal NT cut‐off for RD screening was 7.9 mm in this population. In 92/110 (83.6%) patients, the genetic investigations were normal. Of these pregnancies, an early (14–16 weeks' gestation) detailed fetal ultrasound examination identified a structural abnormality in 24 (26.1%), 15 (16.3%) had an abnormal detailed ultrasound examination at 18–22 weeks' gestation and fetal echocardiography showed a cardiac abnormality in nine (9.8%). The birth outcome in the 83 pregnancies that had normal genetic investigations and known outcome included seven (8.4%) cases of termination of pregnancy, seven (8.4%) cases of intrauterine fetal death and 69 (83.1%) cases of live birth. Nine (9.8%) patients were lost to follow‐up.

Conclusions

Both CMA and molecular testing for RD are important investigations in pregnancies with NT ≥ 3.5 mm. The use of genetic testing combined with fetal ultrasound examination provides valuable information that can influence pregnancy outcome, and provide recurrence risks, in this patient population. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
On the two-body decay processes of the predicted three-body K*(4307) resonance
Authors: Ren Xiu-Lei , Malabarba Brenda B. , Khemchandani K. P. , Martínez Torres A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In a recent theoretical work, Phys. Lett. B785, 112 (2018), we proposed that a K
* resonance with hidden charm content arises from the

$$ KD{\overline{D}}^{\ast } $$

K
D

D
¯

∗

dynamics, where the

$$ D{\overline{D}}^{\ast } $$

D

D
¯

∗

system is treated as a Z

c
(3900) or X(3872). With the motivation of determining its further properties, which can be observed in experiments, we now present a calculation of the decay processes of this K
*, namely K
*(4307), to two-body channels. Particularly, we consider the decay channels J/ψK
*(892),

$$ \overline{D}{D}_s $$

D
¯

D
s

,

$$ \overline{D}{D}_s^{*} $$

D
¯

D
s
*

and

$$ {\overline{D}}^{\ast }{D}_s^{*} $$

D
¯

∗

D
s
*

. The mechanisms of the decay to these channels involve triangular loops and are a consequence of the internal structure of the state. Thus, the values found for the decay widths of the proposed K
*(4307) are related to its nature and should be valuable for carrying on an experimental study of the K
*(4307). A K
* state with such a mass (in the charmonium region) and quantum numbers is a clear manifestation of an exotic meson, since, having hidden charm (i.e., a

$$ c\overline{c} $$

c

c
¯

pair), its mass and quantum numbers can not be explained within a quark-antiquark description.
Scalar dark matter behind b → sμμ anomaly
Authors: Baek Seungwon
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We construct a scalar dark matter model with

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$

U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

symmetry in which the dark matter interacts with the quark flavours, allowing lepton non-universal b →

$$ s\ell \overline{\ell} $$

s
ℓ

ℓ
¯

decays. The model can solve b → sμμ

$$ \left({R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}}\right) $$

R

K

∗

anomaly and accommodate the relic abundance of dark matter simultaneously while satisfying the constraints from other low energy flavour experiments and direct detection experiments of dark matter. The new fields include vector-like heavy quarks U and D,

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$

U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

breaking scalar S, as well as the dark matter candidate X

I
and its heavy partner X

R
. To explain both b → sμμ anomaly and the dark matter, i) large mass difference between X

R
and X

I
is required, ii) electroweak scale dark matter and heavy quarks are favoured, iii) not only electroweak scale but

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

(10) TeV dark gauge boson Z′ and X

R
are allowed.
AdS2 solutions and their massive IIA origin
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Petri Nicolò
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We consider warped AdS2× ℳ4backgrounds withinF(4) gauged supergravity in six dimensions. In particular, we are able to find supersymmetric solutions of the aforementioned type characterized by AdS6asymptotics and an ℳ4given by a three-sphere warped over a segment. Subsequently, we provide the 10D uplift of the solutions to massive type IIA supergravity, where the geometry is AdS2×S3×$$ {\tilde{S}}^3 $$S˜3warped over a strip. Finally we construct the brane intersection underlying one of these supergravity backgrounds. The explicit setup involves a D0-F1-D4 bound state intersecting a D4-D8 system.
Field theories with Conformal Carrollian symmetry
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Mehra Aditya , Nandi Poulami
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Conformal Carrollian groups are known to be isomorphic to Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) groups that arise as the asymptotic symmetries at the null boundary of Minkowski spacetime. The Carrollian algebra is obtained from the Poincare algebra by taking the speed of light to zero, and the conformal version similarly follows. In this paper, we construct explicit examples of Conformal Carrollian field theories as limits of relativistic conformal theories, which include Carrollian versions of scalars, fermions, electromagnetism, Yang-Mills theory and general gauge theories coupled to matter fields. Due to the isomorphism with BMS symmetries, these field theories form prototypical examples of holographic duals to gravitational theories in asymptotically flat spacetimes. The intricacies of the limiting procedure leads to a plethora of different Carrollian sectors in the gauge theories we consider. Concentrating on the equations of motion of these theories, we show that even in dimensions d = 4, there is an infinite enhancement of the underlying symmetry structure. Our analysis is general enough to suggest that this infinite enhancement is a generic feature of the ultra-relativistic limit that we consider.
Entanglement entropy, quantum fluctuations, and thermal entropy in topological phases
Authors: Hu Yuting , Wan Yidun
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Entanglement entropy in topologically ordered matter phases has been computed extensively using various methods. In this paper, we study the entanglement entropy of topological phases in two-spaces from a new perspective — the perspective of quasiparticle fluctuations. In this picture, the entanglement spectrum of a topologically ordered system encodes the quasiparticle fluctuations of the system, and the entanglement entropy measures the maximal quasiparticle fluctuations on the EB. As a consequence, entanglement entropy corresponds to the thermal entropy of the quasiparticles at infinite temperature on the entanglement boundary. We corroborates our results with explicit computation in the quantum double model with/without boundaries. We then systematically construct the reduced density matrices of the quantum double model on generic 2-surfaces with boundaries.
A duality in two-dimensional gravity
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Troost Jan
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We demonstrate an equivalence between two integrable flows defined in a polynomial ring quotiented by an ideal generated by a polynomial. This duality of integrable systems allows us to systematically exploit the Korteweg-de Vries hierarchy and its tau-function to propose amplitudes for non-compact topological gravity on Riemann surfaces of arbitrary genus. We thus quantize topological gravity coupled to non-compact topologica matter and demonstrate that this phase of topological gravity at N = 2 matter central charge larger than three is equivalent to the phase with matter of central charge smaller than three.
Sphere partition functions & cut-off AdS
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Datta Shouvik , Shyam Vasudev
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We consider sphere partition functions ofTTdeformed largeNconformal field theories ind= 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 dimensions, computed using the flow equation. These are shown to non-perturbatively match with bulk computations ofAdSd+1with a finite radial cut-off. We then demonstrate how the flow equation can be independently derived from a regularization procedure of definingTToperators through a local Callan-Symanzik equation. Finally, we show that the sphere partition functions, modulo bulk-counterterm contributions, can be reproduced from Wheeler-DeWitt wavefunctions.
Exact holographic RG flows and the A1 × A1 Toda chain
Authors: Aref’eva Irina Ya. , Golubtsova Anastasia A. , Policastro Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

Abstract

We construct analytic solutions of Einstein gravity coupled to a dilaton field with a potential given by a sum of two exponentials, by rewriting the equations of motion in terms of an integrable Toda chain. These solutions can be interpreted as domain walls interpolating between different asymptotics, and as such they can have interesting applications in holography. In some cases, we can construct a solution which interpolates between an AdS fixed point in the UV limit and a hyperscaling violating boundary in the IR region. We also find analytic black brane solutions at finite temperature. We discuss the properties of the solutions and the interpretation in terms of RG flow.
Wilson line networks in p-adic AdS/CFT
Authors: Hung Ling-Yan , Li Wei , Melby-Thompson Charles M.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The p-adic AdS/CFT is a holographic duality based on the p-adic number field ℚ
p
. For a p-adic CFT living on ℚ
p
and with complex-valued fields, the bulk theory is defined on the Bruhat-Tits tree, which can be viewed as the bulk dual of ℚ
p
. We propose that bulk theory can be formulated as a lattice gauge theory of PGL(2, ℚ
p
) on the Bruhat-Tits tree, and show that the Wilson line networks in this lattice gauge theory can reproduce all the correlation functions of the boundary p-adic CFT.
Medical Contraindications to Transplant Listing in the USA: A Survey of Adult and Pediatric Heart, Kidney, Liver, and Lung Programs
Authors: Wall Anji , Lee Gun Ho , Maldonado Jose , Magnus David
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Listing practices for solid organ transplantation are variable across programs in the USA. To better characterize this variability, we performed a survey of psychosocial listing criteria for pediatric and adult heart, lung, liver, and kidney programs in the USA. In this manuscript, we report our results regarding listing practices with respect to obesity, advanced age, and HIV seropositivity.

Methods

We performed an online, forced‐choice survey of adult and pediatric heart, kidney, liver, and lung transplant programs in the USA.

Results

Of 650 programs contacted, 343 submitted complete responses (response rate = 52.8%). Most programs have absolute contraindications to listing for BMI > 45 (adult: 67.5%; pediatric: 88.0%) and age > 80 (adult: 55.4%; pediatric: not relevant). Only 29.5% of adult programs and 25.7% of pediatric programs consider HIV seropositivity an absolute contraindication to listing. We found that there is variation in absolute contraindications to listing in adult programs among organ types for BMI > 45 (heart 89.8%, lung 92.3%, liver 49.1%, kidney 71.9%), age > 80 (heart 83.7%, lung 76.9%, liver 68.4%, kidney 29.2%), and HIV seropositivity (heart 30.6%, lung 59.0%, kidney 16.9%, liver 28.1%).

Conclusions

We argue that variability in listing enhances access to transplantation for potential recipients who have the ability to pursue workup at different centers by allowing different programs to have different risk thresholds. Programs should remain independent in listing practices, but because these practices differ, we recommend transparency in listing policies and informing patients of reasons for listing denial and alternative opportunities to seek listing at another program.
Fruit and vegetable intake and its correlates among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ziaei Reza , Shahi Hadi , Dastgiri Saeed , Mohammadi Reza , Viitasara Eija
Published: May 2019

Background

Two important components of a healthy diet are fruits and vegetables (F&V), which are essential for maintaining physical health. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of F&V intake among high school adolescents in the city of Tabriz.

Methods

The Global School-based Student Health Survey self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection among 1517 adolescents.

Results

The prevalence of fruit intake was 76.1% (≥ 2 times/day) and vegetable intake 23% (≥ 3 times/day). Being at the third level of high school and having sedentary behavior, low intake of vegetables, low or lack of parental support, lack of peer support and lack of enough food at home were significantly associated with low consumption of fruit among students. Also, being overweight or obese and having low intake of fruit, low or lack of peer support, and being physically inactive were significantly associated with low intake of vegetables.

Conclusion

Results suggest that interventions targeting personal, interpersonal and environmental factors for increased F&V consumption should be given more priority by the public health authorities.
Orthopedic Injuries Associated with Hoverboard Use in Children: A Multi-center Analysis
Authors: Goldhaber Nicole H. , Goldin Amanda N. , Pennock Andrew T. , Livingston Kristin , Bae Donald S. , Yen Yi Meng , Shore Benjamin J. , Kramer Dennis E. , Jagodzinski Jason E. , Heyworth Benton E.
Published: May 2019

Background

Since its release in 2015, the hoverboard has been associated with injuries in children and adolescents. However, its public health implications have yet to be explored in the orthopedic literature across multiple centers.

Purpose/Questions

We sought to assess the nature of orthopedic injuries and the use of clinical resources related to the hoverboard at four high-volume, regional pediatric hospitals.

Methods

Departmental databases of emergency department (ED) consultations and urgent orthopedic clinic (UC) visits were queried for hoverboard injuries. A retrospective medical record review was performed for patients presenting over a 3-month period at four institutions. Data on demographics, injuries, clinical course, and resource use were analyzed. The frequency of hoverboard-related consultations was compared to those for monkey bar–related injuries at the primary study institution.

Results

Eighty-nine patients with orthopedic hoverboard injuries presented to the ED and/or UC in the study period. Hoverboard injuries represented 2.2% of orthopedic ED consultations at the primary institution, compared to 1.5% for monkey bar injuries. Sixty-nine out of 89 (77.5%) total injuries involved the upper extremity, including 47 (52.8%) distal radius fractures, the most common hoverboard–related diagnosis. All but one injury (97.8%) underwent radiography, and eight (9%) required surgery. No patients reported wearing protective gear at the time of their injury.

Conclusions

Hoverboards were associated with a variety of pediatric orthopedic injuries and required the use of significant resources in the ED, UC, and operating room. These data may represent a starting point for further prospective multi-center studies and public health efforts toward prevention of hoverboard injuries.
Development of an efficient bioreactor system for delivering foreign proteins secreted from liver into eggs with a vitellogenin signal in medaka Oryzias latipes
Authors: Murakami Yu , Horibe Tomohisa , Kinoshita Masato
Published: May 2019

In this study, we developed a novel bioreactor system to deliver and accumulate foreign proteins in eggs using medaka fish Oryzias latipes with the aid of a partial sequence of vitellogenin (Vtg). In teleost fish, Vtg, the hepatically generated precursor of egg yolk proteins, is secreted into the bloodstream and then taken up into eggs. We predicted in silico a probable region (Vtg signal) of Vtg that mediates transportation of proteins from the liver into eggs. Then, we established two transgenic lines expressing the fused proteins including the Vtg signal and each reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or firefly luciferase (LUC)-fused EGFP, in the liver driven by a liver-specific choriogeninH (chgH) promoter. Each reporter signal was detected from the fertilized eggs spawned by the transgenic females, showing successful transportation of the proteins into the eggs with the Vtg signal. This is the first report demonstrating that the Vtg signal has capability to deliver exogenous proteins into eggs. Because Vtg is a highly conserved protein among most of oviparous organisms, our findings hold promise for establishing bioreactor systems viable in a wide range of organisms.
H2O Innovation works with Sustainable Water to deliver water reuse infrastructure in the USA
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: May 2019

Canada's H2O Innovation Inc has formed a partnership with Sustainable Water on more than 45 eco-engineered wastewater reclamation and reuse projects in the USA. These projects range from small community-scale water treatment to district-scale wastewater reclamation and reuse. Here we briefly look at the partnership and one of its first projects.
The Evolution of Affect Theory
Authors: Schaefer Donovan O.
Published: May 2019

Across the humanities, a set of interrelated concepts - excess, becoming, the event - have gained purchase as analytical tools for thinking about power. Some versions of affect theory rely on Gilles Deleuze's concept of 'becoming', proposing that affect is best understood as a field of dynamic novelty. Reconsidering affect theory's relationship with life sciences, Schaefer argues that this procedure fails as a register of the analytics of power. By way of a case study, this work concludes with a return to the work of Saba Mahmood, in particular her 2005 study of the women's mosque movement in Cairo, Politics of Piety.
Building Scholars and Communities of Practice in Digital Heritage and Archaeology
Authors: Watrall Ethan
Published: May 2019

As the role of digital methods in heritage and archaeology has increased in prominence, so has the question of capacity and community building. Who should receive training in digital methods? How should training take place? What concepts, platforms, technologies should be taught? These are relevant questions requiring careful planning and thoughtful implementation; yet beyond these questions, there is an issue of even greater importance: the planned development of communities of practice. The teaching of digital methods has a greater chance of success if it takes place in an ecosystem of scholars who are connected to one another through shared perspectives on those methods. This article presents and discusses the details of a model developed at Michigan State University that speaks to teaching digital archaeology and heritage methods, and to the development of communities of practice in which those methods are shared and relevant. The model is driven and informed by the activities of three projects: the National Endowment for the Humanities-funded Institute on Digital Archaeology Method & Practice, the Cultural Heritage Informatics Graduate Fellowship Program, and the Department of Anthropology Digital Cultural Heritage Fieldschool.
Combining Geographic Information Systems and Agent-Based Models in Archaeology: Part 2 of 3
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Romanowska Iza , Harris Kathryn , Crabtree Stefani A.
Published: May 2019

Archaeologists are using spatial data in increasingly sophisticated analyses and invoking more explicit considerations of space in their interpretations. Geographic information systems (GIS) have become standard technology for professional archaeologists in the collection and management of spatial data. Many calls have been made to develop and adapt digital geospatial technologies for interpretation and understanding past social dynamics, but this has been limited to some extent by the static nature of map-oriented GIS approaches. Here, we illustrate how coupling GIS with agent-based modeling (ABM) can assist with more dynamic explorations of past uses of space and geospatial phenomena.
Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dmytriw Adam A. , Maragkos Georgios A. , Zuccato Jeffrey , Singh Jeffrey M. , Wilcox M. Elizabeth , Schweikert Sacha
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Controversy exists in antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis prescribing in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We undertook the Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (ALIBI) study to identify factors associated with prescribing practices.Methods:A retrospective chart review of all consecutive patients requiring Level 1 care with aneurysmal SAH admitted between 2012 and 2014 to the intensive care unit at Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada, was conducted. Data were collected on clinical and imaging characteristics. Primary and secondary outcomes were AED prophylaxis and clinical seizure activity during hospitalization. Data were compared using chi-square or Mann–Whitney U-tests. Those variables found to be significant, or trending toward significance, on univariate analysis were fitted to multivariate regression.Results:Sixty-eight patients were included. Mean age was 62 ± 12.2, and 42.6% of patients were male. Of these, 21 patients (30.9%) received AED prophylactically, while 18 (26.5%) had reported seizures at some point during hospitalization. Female gender and presence of midline shift (MLS) were significantly associated or approached significance with AED prophylaxis in univariate analysis (p = 0.036 and p = 0.062, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only MLS was an independent predictor (odds ratio 5.09, p = 0.04).Conclusion:The presence of MLS was an independent predictor of seizure activity in patients with aneurysmal SAH. AED prophylaxis prescribing patterns seemed arbitrary and was not informed by identifiable clinical factors or true risk factors for seizure. A current lack of evidence guiding AED prescribing practice highlights the need for larger studies in this patient population.
Sprays from droplets impacting a mesh
Authors: Kooij S. A. , Moqaddam A. M. , de Goede T. C. , Derome D. , Carmeliet J. , Shahidzadeh N. , Bonn D.
Published: May 2019

In liquid spray applications, the sprays are often created by the formation and destabilization of a liquid sheet or jet. The disadvantage of such atomization processes is that the breakup is often highly irregular, causing a broad distribution of droplet sizes. As these sizes are controlled by the ligament corrugation and size, a monodisperse spray should consist of ligaments that are both smooth and of equal size. A straightforward way of creating smooth and equally sized ligaments is by droplet impact on a mesh. In this work we show that this approach does however not produce monodisperse droplets, but instead the droplet size distribution is very broad, with a large number of small satellite drops. We demonstrate that the fragmentation is controlled by a jet instability, where initial perturbations caused by the injection process result in long-wavelength disturbances that determine the final ligament breakup. During destabilization the crests of these disturbances are connected by thin ligaments which are the leading cause of the large number of small droplets. A secondary coalescence process, due to small relative velocities between droplets, partly masks this effect by reducing the amount of small droplets. Of the many parameters in this system, we describe the effect of varying the mesh size, mesh rigidity, impact velocity and wetting properties, keeping the liquid properties the same by focusing on water droplets only. We further perform lattice Boltzmann modelling of the impact process that reproduces key features seen in the experimental data.
Coopetition and Firm Survival in a Cluster: Insights from the Population Ecology on the Yacht Industry in an Emerging Economy, 1957–2010
Authors: Chung Hsi-Mei , Cheng Li-Hsuan
Published: May 2019

Firms that are located in a cluster may confront cooperation and competition at the same time. The advantage of cooperation and the disadvantage of competition on a firm may need to examine the firm survival in a cluster as the cluster evolves. Employing the population ecology viewpoint, this study tries to address coopetition issues in a cluster to examine the impact of coopetition on firm survival rate. Analyzing yacht industry data in Taiwan from 1957–2010, this study indicates that the founding rate of yacht firms will be positively related with the cluster size. Additionally, during the competition period, those firms located inside the cluster may have a higher dissolution rate than those firms outside the cluster, indicating the disadvantage of competition on the firm. Finally, this study finds that those firms located inside the cluster will be more likely to become larger and have capabilities to survive. The results in this study provide insights on addressing coopetition issues in a cluster.
From Financial Misdemeanants to Recidivists: The Perspective of Social Networks
Authors: Bao Fenghua , Zhao Yapu , Tian Longwei , Li Yuan
Published: May 2019

Acts of financial misconduct in business affect firms in many negative ways. Therefore, why do certain misdemeanants repeatedly commit these acts? We suggest that financial misdemeanants with different social networks will perceive the costs and benefits of committing financial frauds differently, thereby affecting the likelihood of committing financial frauds in the future. To be specific, we suggest that politically connected misdemeanants are less likely to recommit financial frauds, while misdemeanants at interlock network center are more likely to recommit financial frauds. In addition, we propose that misdemeanants are less likely to recommit financial frauds when their partners in the interlock network community are punished for financial frauds. To test our theory, we collected panel data from Chinese listed firms from 2005 to 2014 and employed event history analysis (EHA).
The Composition and Publication of Josephus'sBellum Iudaicum Book7
Authors: Schwartz Seth
Published: May 2019

We should like to have Josephus's history of the Jews from the great revolt to the thirteenth year of Domitian (Ant.20.267), if he ever managed to write such a work. Since we do not have it, we are compelled to depend on a few scattered references in Josephus and other writers, and on our ingenuity, for our knowledge of Jewish political history after August 70. Nonetheless, the first few years of the period after 70 are slightly less obscure than the succeeding years because we possess, in book 7 of Josephus'sBellum Iudaicum, an account, albeit sketchy, of the aftermath of the revolt. It is therefore somewhat surprising that book 7, with the exception of the Masada episode (252–406), has been neglected by modern scholarship. Those scholars who have discussed the book at all have limited their comments to general statements on the book's poor style, unusual inBell., or its date of composition. In fact,Bell.7 is problematic throughout. In the first part of the book, until Titus's return to Rome (119), Josephus introduces extraneous material into its main account with exceptional crudeness.
Equity in International Law
Authors: Lapidoth Ruth
Published: May 2019

In its judgment concerning the frontier dispute between Burkina Faso and the Republic of Mali (1986), the Chamber ot the International Court of Justice (I.C.J.) summarized its opinion on the applicability of equity as follows:

It is clear that the Chamber cannot decideex aequo et bonoin this case. Since the Parties have not entrusted it with the task of carrying out an adjustment of their respective interests, it must also dismiss any possibility of resorting to equitycontra legem. Nor will the Chamber apply equitypraeter legem. On the other hand, it will have regard to equityinfra legem, that is, that form of equity which constitutes a method of interpretation of the law in force, and is one of its attributes. As the Court has observed: “It is not a matter of finding simply an equitable solution but an equitable solution derived from the applicable law”.
The Changing Role of the International Court
Authors: Rosenne Shabtai
Published: May 2019

En s'efforçant, au lendemain de la guerre [1914 – 1918], de poser les bases d'une société de peuples régie par le droit, les fondateurs de cette communauté internationale nouvelle se rendaient pleinement compte qu'il ne saurait y avoir une société organisée sans un pouvoir judiciaire chargé de veiller, en dehors de toute préoccupation de politique et de force, à la stricte observation du droit. C'est dans cette conviction qu'ils ont prévu, dès l'origine, la création de la Cour permanente de Justice internationale.

Feinberg in 1931

Reviewing the history of the Permanent Court of International Justice and of the International Court of Justice from 1922—the World Court, a convenient but possibly misleading expression which embraces both the Permanent Court from 1922 to 1945 and the present International Court of Justice established as an integral part of the United Nations since—four clearly separated periods can be discerned. They run from 1922 to 1931, 1932 to 1940, 1946 to 1966, and from 1967 onwards.

The establishment of the League of Nations and the Permanent Court after a cataclysmic war in Europe and the awe-inspiring Russian Revolution released a wave of euphoria upon the exhausted and war-weary peoples of what is now known as Western Europe, and they placed great hopes in the new League and Court.
Late Campanian–Maastrichtian Ammonite Fauna from Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Authors: Macellari Carlos E.
Published: May 2019

One of the richest and best preserved late Campanian-Maastrichtian ammonite faunas of the world occurs within the Lopez de Bertodano Formation on Seymour Island. The excellent exposure of this sequence has offered an opportunity for detailed stratigraphic study of the fauna, providing a stratigraphic control unavailable for most other Southern Hemisphere strata of similar age.

Ammonites are restricted to the Cretaceous portion of the Lopez de Bertodano Formation, becoming more abundant and increasing in diversity within a 600-m interval below the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. The ammonite-rich levels are divided into three zones (from oldest to youngest:Pachydiscus ootacodensis, P. riccardiandP. ultimuszones), extending from the late Campanian-Maastrichtian to the latest Maastrichtian.

The taxonomic study of this fauna shows a predominance of endemic taxa of the family Kossmaticeratidae, including the speciesMaorites tuberculatusHowarth,M. seymourianus(Kilian and Reboul),M. densicostatus(Kilian and Reboul),M. weddelliensisn. sp.,Grossouvrites gemmatus(Huppe) andGunnarites bhavaniformis(Kilian and Reboul). These taxa, together with the members of the family DesmoceratidaeKitchinites(Kitchinites)darwini(Steinmann) andK.(K.)lauraen. sp., are mostly restricted to the margins of the Late Cretaceous Weddellian Province that extended from southern South America to Australia.

Cosmopolitan genera described in this work become more abundant up section and include the speciesAnagaudryceras seymouriensen. sp.,Zelandites varuna(Forbes),Pseudophyllites loryi(Kilian and Reboul),Diplomoceras lambiSpath,Pachydiscus(Pachydiscus)ootacodensis(Stoliczka),P.(P.)riccardin. sp. andP.(P.)ultimusn. sp.
White matter endophenotype candidates for ADHD: a diffusion imaging tractography study with sibling design
Authors: Chiang Huey-Ling , Hsu Yung-Chin , Shang Chi-Yuan , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur-Fen
Published: May 2019

Background

Brain structural alterations are frequently observed in probands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here we examined the microstructural integrity of 76 white matter tracts among unaffected siblings of patients with ADHD to evaluate the potential familial risk and its association with clinical and neuropsychological manifestations.

Methods

The comparison groups included medication-naïve ADHD probands (n = 50), their unaffected siblings (n = 50) and typically developing controls (n = 50, age-and-sex matched with ADHD probands). Whole brain tractography was reconstructed automatically by tract-based analysis of diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). Microstructural properties of white matter tracts were represented by the values of generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD).

Results

Compared to the control group, ADHD probands showed higher AD values in the perpendicular fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus I, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum. The AD values of unaffected siblings were in the intermediate position between those of the ADHD and control groups. These AD values were significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, sustained attention and working memory, for all white matter tracks evaluated except for the perpendicular fasciculus. Higher FA and lower RD values in the right frontostriatal tract connecting ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (FS-VLPFC) were associated with better performance in spatial span only in the unaffected sibling group.

Conclusions

Abnormal AD values of specific white matter tracts among unaffected siblings of ADHD probands suggest the presence of familial risk in this population. The right FS-VLPFC may have a role in preventing the expression of the ADHD-related behavioral phenotype.

ClinicalTrials.gov number

NCT01682915