bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the self-assembly and energy transfer of dynamic supramolecular iridium-porphyrin systems
Authors: Rota Martir Diego , Hedley Gordon J. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Escudero Daniel , Jacquemin Denis , Kosikova Tamara , Philp Douglas , Dawson Daniel M. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: September 2016

We present the first examples of dynamic supramolecular iridium–zinc porphyrin systems.
A comparative study on the CO2 hydrogenation catalyzed by Ru dihydride complexes: (PMe3)4RuH2 and (Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)2RuH2
Authors: Xia Guang-Jie , Liu J. W. , Liu Zhi-Feng
Published: September 2016

The crucial difference between the mechanisms of these two catalysts is in the formation of a key intermediate with a formate ion coordinated to Ru as a bidentate ligand.
A link between chromatin condensation mechanisms and Huntington's disease: connecting the dots
Authors: Lokhande Sonali , Patra Biranchi N. , Ray Animesh
Published: September 2016

This review highlights the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington's disease emphasizing how chromosome condensation defects and DNA damage may cause neural degeneration.
Design, synthesis and phenotypic evaluation of N-biaryl amides for IL-17A suppression
Authors: Qiu Ruomeng , Shi Wenli , Cai Ting , Pei Siyu , Tang Ting , Huang Yafei , Wang Huan , Shao Liming , Qiu Ju , Wang Yonghui
Published: September 2016

A series of N-biaryl amides were designed, quickly prepared by microwave-assisted solid-phase organic synthesis and phenotypically evaluated via mouse Th17 cell differentiation assay.
A fluorescent probe for a lewisite simulant
Authors: Lee Doo-Hee , Lee Dong-Nam , Hong Jong-In
Published: September 2016

A fluorescent probe showed high selectivity and sensitivity for an organoarsenic blister agent simulant, arsenic trichloride.
Cobalt catalysed, copper assisted C(sp2)–P cross coupling
Authors: Ghosh Tubai , Maity Pintu , Kundu Debasish , Ranu Brindaban C.
Published: September 2016

An efficient C(sp2)–P cross coupling has been achieved using a Co/Cu catalytic system for access to vinyl and aryl phosphonates.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-ketoesters on the Pt(111) surface
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Sharma Rakesh K.
Published: September 2016

A novel process is developed to prepare highly efficient single site Pt(111) hexagonal nanocrystals on a carbon support for the asymmetric hydrogenation of α-ketoesters.
The 3,4-dioxygenated 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one alkaloids. Results of 20 years of research, uncovering a new family of natural products
Authors: Simonetti Sebastian O. , Larghi Enrique L. , Kaufman Teodoro S.
Published: September 2016

The title alkaloids are discussed. Emphasis is placed on their isolation, source microorganisms and structure, as well as relevant biological activities and synthetic progress.
The synthesis and analysis of lignin-bound Hibbert ketone structures in technical lignins
Authors: Miles-Barrett Daniel M. , Neal Andrew R. , Hand Calum , Montgomery James R. D. , Panovic Isabella , Ojo O. Stephen , Lancefield Christopher S. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Lebl Tomas , Westwood Nicholas J.
Published: September 2016

A detailed NMR study of lignin-bound Hibbert ketone structures and depolymerisation studies of technical lignins to yield novel aromatic compounds.
Sustainable coatings from bio-based, enzymatically synthesized polyesters with enhanced functionalities
Authors: Gustini Liliana , Lavilla Cristina , Finzel Lasse , Noordover Bart A. J. , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Koning Cor E.
Published: September 2016

Renewable coatings have been prepared from sorbitol-derived aliphatic polyesters with enhanced functionalities, i.e. pendant and terminal hydroxyl groups, synthesized via enzymatic catalysis.
Farming of maize-like zinc oxide via a modified SILAR technique as a selective and sensitive nitrogen dioxide gas sensor
Authors: Patil V. L. , Vanalakar S. A. , Kamble A. S. , Shendage S. S. , Kim J. H. , Patil P. S.
Published: September 2016

Novel hierarchical nanostructures of metal oxides synthesized via simplistic SILAR cycles.
The design of liquid crystalline bistolane-based materials with extremely high birefringence
Authors: Arakawa Yuki , Kang Sungmin , Tsuji Hideto , Watanabe Junji , Konishi Gen-ichi
Published: September 2016

We designed a liquid-crystalline bistolane with alkylsulfanyl and isothiocyanate groups that exhibited an extremely high birefringence (0.77 at 550 nm).
In vitro–in vivo–in silico simulation studies of anti-tubercular drugs doped with a self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Singh Neeru , Prasad Verma Priya Ranjan
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to formulate a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for enhanced pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of rifampicin and isoniazid using excipients holding innate anti-mycobacterial activity followed within vivo–in silicopredictions using GastroPlus™.
Nanocrystalline MnO2on an activated carbon fiber for catalytic formaldehyde removal
Authors: Dai Zijian , Yu Xiaowei , Huang Chen , Li Meng , Su Jiafei , Guo Yaping , Xu He , Ke Qinfei
Published: September 2016

The synergistic catalytic removal of HCHO was achieved over a nanocrystalline MnO2-modified activated carbon fiber at room temperature.
Antibacterial and hemostatic composite gauze of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized regenerated cellulose
Authors: Cheng Feng , He Jinmei , Yan Tingsheng , Liu Changyu , Wei Xinjing , Li Jiwei , Huang Yudong
Published: September 2016

Viscose gauze was oxidized with NO2/CCl4to prepare Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC).
Largely improved electromechanical properties of thermoplastic dielectric elastomers by grafting carboxyl onto SBS through thiol–ene click chemistry
Authors: Tian Ming , Yan Haichao , Sun Haibin , Zhang Liqun , Ning Nanying
Published: September 2016

Modified SBS with largely improved electromechanical properties is prepared by grafting carboxyl groups onto the polybutadiene domains using a simple, effective and controllable photochemical thiol-ene click reaction.
Zn-MOF derived micro/meso porous carbon nanorod for high performance lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Qian Xinye , Jin Lina , Wang Shanwen , Yao Shanshan , Rao Dewei , Shen Xiangqian , Xi Xiaoming , Xiang Jun
Published: September 2016

A unique micro/meso porous carbon nanorod (MPCN) was fabricated by carbonizing a zinc metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF) precursor, which was prepared by a facile aqueous solution method at room temperature.
Three-dimensional NiCo2O4/NiCo2S4hybrid nanostructure on Ni-foam as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Raj Shipra , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Kar Pradip , Roy Poulomi
Published: September 2016

The high performance electrode for supercapacitor based on NiCo2O4/NiCo2S4hybrid nanostructures on Ni-foam were successfully fabricated by a facile pH-controlled ammonia evaporation technique.
N-, Fe-Doped carbon sphere/oriented carbon nanofiber nanocomposite with synergistically enhanced electrochemical activities
Authors: Zhang Li , Wan Wei , Wang Qiang , Lu Wen-Chao , Hou Bei-Hua , Chen Ping
Published: September 2016

Excellent electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in zinc–air batteries: N-, Fe-doped carbon sphere/oriented carbon nanofiber nanocomposite was prepared. The typical product is a competitive alternative to commercial Pt/C in the practical application of zinc–air batteries.
Trends in small angle neutron scattering of actinide–trialkyl phosphate complexes: a molecular insight into third phase formation
Authors: Chandrasekar Aditi , Suresh A. , Sivaraman N. , Aswal V. K.
Published: September 2016

SANS as a molecular probe was used to investigate and quantify the aggregation tendency of metal complexes, facilitating the prediction of third phase formation.
Thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer brushes with a strongly anionic bottom segment for effective interactions with biomolecules
Authors: Nagase Kenichi , Kobayashi Jun , Kikuchi Akihiko , Akiyama Yoshikatsu , Kanazawa Hideko , Okano Teruo
Published: September 2016

Thermoresponsive anionic block copolymer brushes were prepared on silica bead surfaces by multistep surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. The anionic properties of the prepared brushes changed with temperature changes.
Surfactant free novel one-minute microwave synthesis, characterization and cell toxicity study of mesoporous strontium hydroxyapatite nanorods
Authors: Agrawal Shital , Kelkar Madhura , De Abhijit , Kulkarni A. R. , Gandhi M. N.
Published: September 2016

Synthesis of mesoporous strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) nanorods was carried out in microwave without using any capping agent or surfactant.
Correction: Development of glycolipid biosurfactant for inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells
Authors: Ramalingam V. , Varunkumar K. , Ravikumar V. , Rajaram R.
Published: September 2016

Correction for ‘Development of glycolipid biosurfactant for inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells’ by V. Ramalingam et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 64087–64096.
Molecular titanium nitrides: nucleophiles unleashed
Authors: Grant Lauren N. , Pinter Balazs , Kurogi Takashi , Carroll Maria E. , Wu Gang , Manor Brian C. , Carroll Patrick J. , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: September 2016

Reactivity studies of a rare example of a molecular titanium nitride are presented. A combination of theory and NMR spectroscopy provide a description of the bonding in the these nitrides, the role of the counter cation, K+, as well as the origin of their highly downfield 15N NMR spectroscopic shifts.
Amorphous molybdenum sulfide quantum dots: an efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in neutral medium
Authors: Dinda Diptiman , Ahmed Md. Estak , Mandal Sumit , Mondal Biswajit , Saha Shyamal Kumar
Published: September 2016

Chemically synthesized amorphous MoSx quantum dots show excellent HER activity in neutral medium during 12 h of electrolysis.
Mussel-inspired injectable supramolecular and covalent bond crosslinked hydrogels with rapid self-healing and recovery properties via a facile approach under metal-free conditions
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Mengyao , Guo Baolin , Ma Peter X.
Published: September 2016

Injectable supramolecular and covalent bonds crosslinked hydrogels with rapid self-healing and recovery properties were preparedviaa facile approach under metal-free conditions.
Regio(ir)regular naphthalenediimide- and perylenediimide-bithiophene copolymers: how MO localization controls the bandgap
Authors: Milián-Medina Begoña , Wykes Michael , Chen Zhihua , Facchetti Antonio , Gierschner Johannes
Published: September 2016

Regio-regularity has negligible impact on the optical spectra of naphthalene- and perylene-diimide-bithiophene copolymers (NDI-2T, PDI-2T), due to localized frontier (F-)MOs. In PDI-2T the FMOs are localized in PDI, while in NDI-2T they are largely localized in the respective donor/acceptor units.
Cucurbitacin E inhibits osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion through attenuation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Shumei , Wu Yaochi , Zhang Junfeng
Published: September 2016

Cucurbitacin E (CuE), a potent member of triterpenoid family isolated from plants, has been confirmed as an antitumour agent by inhibiting proliferation, migration and metastasis in diverse cancer. However, the effects and mechanisms of CuE on osteosarcoma (OS) have not been well understood. The present study aimed to test whether CuE could inhibit growth and invasion of OS cells and reveal its underlying molecular mechanism. After various concentrations of CuE treatment, the anti-proliferative effect of CuE was assessed using the cell counting Kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to measure apoptosis of OS cells. Cell cycle distribution was analysed by propidium iodide staining. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate the effect of CuE on invasion potential of OS cells. The protein levels were measured by western blot. In addition, the potency of CuE on OS cells growth inhibition was assessed in vivo. Our results showed that CuE inhibited cell growth and invasion, induced a cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis and modulated the expression of cell growth, cell cycle and cell apoptosis regulators. Moreover, CuE inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which suppressed the invasion and metastasis of OS. In addition, we also found that CuE inhibited OS cell growth in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrated that CuE could inhibit OS tumour growth and invasion through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Our findings suggest that CuE can be considered to be a promising anti-cancer agent for OS.
Prevalence of arterial stiffness and the risk of myocardial diastolic dysfunction in women
Authors: Seeland Ute , Brecht Anna , Nauman Ahmad T. , Oertelt-Prigione Sabine , Ruecke Mirjam , Knebel Fabian , Stangl Verena , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera
Published: September 2016

The present study determines the prevalence of vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness (ASt) in a female urban population by measuring the brachial augmentation index (AIx) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). The study tests the hypothesis that the measurement of AIx and PWV is useful in addition to that of traditional cardiovascular risk factors when assessing the risk for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). This cross-sectional study recruited 965 women aged 25–75 years from 12 districts of Berlin. The ASt indices, brachial AIx, aortic PWV and the central blood pressure were measured by an oscillometric method. A randomly selected subgroup (n=343) was examined by echocardiography. Trans-mitral inflow E/A ratio and diastolic mitral annulus velocity (é) were assessed. Questionnaires, medical history and blood sampling were used for the evaluation of individual risk factors. Normal vascular function was found in 55% of the women included. The prevalence of women with pathological AIx only (AIx ⩾ −10%, PWV normal) was 21.5%, whereas 17.9% were affected by increased AIx and PWV (AIx ⩾ −10%, PWV ⩾9.7 m/s), and 6% with only pathological PWV values. The prevalence of LVDD was 31.7%. LVDD was significantly associated with pathological PWV ⩾ 9.7 m/s [OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.02–1.57], age [OR: 4.17, 95%CI: 2.87–6.07] and a waist circumference >80 cm [OR: 3.61, 95%CI: 1.85–7.04] in multiple regression analysis. The high prevalence of markers for vascular dysfunction and ASt in a general female population and their importance as a mediator of diastolic dysfunction should encourage implementation of aortic PWV measurement to improve cardiovascular-risk assessment in particular to identify subclinical myocardial diastolic dysfunction.
Hepatic glucose utilization in hepatic steatosis and obesity
Authors: Keramida Georgia , Hunter James , Peters Adrien Michael
Published: September 2016

Hepatic steatosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Whether hepatic glucose utilization rate (glucose phosphorylation rate; MRglu) is increased in steatosis and/or obesity is uncertain. Our aim was to determine the separate relationships of steatosis and obesity with MRglu. Sixty patients referred for routine PET/CT had dynamic PET imaging over the abdomen for 30 min post-injection of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), followed by Patlak–Rutland graphical analysis of the liver using abdominal aorta for arterial input signal. The plot gradient was divided by the intercept to give hepatic FDG clearance normalized to hepatic FDG distribution volume (ml/min per 100 ml) and multiplied by blood glucose to give hepatic MRglu (μmol/min per 100 ml). Hepatic steatosis was defined as CT density of ≤40 HU measured from the 60 min whole body routine PET/CT and obesity as body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2. Hepatic MRglu was higher in patients with steatosis (3.3±1.3 μmol/min per 100 ml) than those without (1.7±1.2 μmol/min per 100 ml; P<0.001) but there was no significant difference between obese (2.5±1.6 μmol/min per 100 ml) and non-obese patients (2.1±1.3 μmol/min per 100 ml). MRglu was increased in obese patients only if they had steatosis. Non-obese patients with steatosis still had increased MRglu. There was no association between MRglu and chemotherapy history. We conclude that MRglu is increased in hepatic steatosis probably through insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and up-regulation of hepatic hexokinase, irrespective of obesity.
Targeting PSG1 to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy: new application for anti-coagulant the dicumarol
Authors: He Dong-xu , Gu Feng , Wu Jian , Gu Xiao-Ting , Lu Chun-Xiao , Mao Ai-qin , Zhang Guang-yuan , Ding Zhong-yang , Wang Jin-ke , Hao Jun-jun , Fu Li , Ma Xin
Published: September 2016

Chemotherapeutic response is critical for the successful treatment and good prognosis in cancer patients. In this study, we analysed the gene expression profiles of preoperative samples from oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients with different responses to taxane-anthracycline-based (TA-based) chemotherapy, and identified a group of genes that was predictive. Pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) played a central role within signalling pathways of these genes. Inhibiting PSG1 can effectively reduce chemoresistance via a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related pathway in ER-negative breast cancer cells. Drug screening then identified dicumarol (DCM) to target the PSG1 and inhibit chemoresistance to TA-based chemotherapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Taken together, this study highlights PSG1 as an important mediator of chemoresistance, whose effect could be diminished by DCM.
Robust algorithm for multiview registration
Authors: Pankaj Dhanya S. , Nidamanuri Rama Rao
Published: September 2016

Multiview registration is an important stage in three‐dimensional modelling pipeline. Motion averaging is an efficient approach for multiview registration which utilises the redundancy in overlap among the scans. The averaging of the underlying relative motions is performed in the corresponding Lie‐algebra elements of the SE(3) transformation matrices. However, this method is non‐robust and affected by the presence of outliers in the set of relative motions. The authors present a graph‐based approach to filter out the outliers before performing averaging of motions. The relative motions are assigned weights based on their agreement with global motions and other relative motions. The results indicate that the authors’ approach can efficiently filter out the outliers and can thus introduce robustness to multiview registration using motion averaging.
Stubs‐integrated‐microstrip antenna design for wide coverage of circularly polarised radiation
Authors: Vignesh Shanmugam B. , Nasimuddin  , Alphones Arokiaswami
Published: September 2016

A generalised stubs‐integrated‐microstrip (SIM) antenna with wide coverage circularly polarised (CP) radiation is proposed for radio‐frequency energy harvesting applications. The antenna consists of a microstrip patch radiator with four integrated asymmetric/symmetric‐stubs and a coaxial feed. Four stubs are integrated at the corners of a square microstrip radiator. The stub lengths or stub gaps from the microstrip radiator are optimised for wide‐beam CP radiation. Four different combinations of asymmetric/symmetric based SIM antennas are designed, fabricated, and tested. The proposed antennas are able to cover upper‐half area with CP radiation across the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth.
Frequency regulation control strategy for PMSG wind‐power generation system with flywheel energy storage unit
Authors: Yao Jun , Yu Mengting , Gao Wenzhong , Zeng Xin
Published: September 2016

To enhance the frequency regulation capability of direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind‐power generation system, the frequency regulation control strategy for wind‐power system with flywheel energy storage unit (FESU) based on fuzzy proportional plus differential (PD) controller is proposed in this study. According to the mathematical model of PMSG‐based wind‐power generation system with FESU, the small‐signal model of the whole system is deduced in detail. In addition, the eigenvalue loci of the system are investigated to obtain the appropriate ranges of FESU's PD controller parameters for ensuring the system stable operation. Meanwhile, the impact of system equivalent inertia and damping on system frequency stability is analysed. Furthermore, a fuzzy PD controller of FESU is designed to dynamically regulate the system equivalent inertia and damping, leading to improved grid frequency characteristics. Finally, simulation studies on a 2 MW PMSG‐based wind‐power generation system with 400 kW FESU verify the validity of the proposed control strategy, contributing to enhance the frequency stability of power grid.
Power fluctuation evaluation of large‐scale wind turbines based on SCADA data
Authors: Dai Juchuan , Cao Junwei , Liu Deshun , Wen Li , Long Xin
Published: September 2016

The random fluctuation of wind is the basic factor causing the power fluctuation of wind turbines. On the basis of the relationship model between wind and power, and considering the influences of wind speed fluctuation and wind direction fluctuation on power fluctuation, a novel fluctuation coefficient of wind speed, fluctuation coefficient of wind direction and the comprehensive influence factor are defined. The one‐dimensional (1D) evaluation models of wind speed fluctuation to power fluctuation, wind direction fluctuation to power fluctuation and the 2D evaluation model of wind speed and wind direction fluctuation to power fluctuation are presented. The operating process of wind turbines is divided into three regions: the constant region of power coefficient, the transition region and the constant power region. In the constant region of power coefficient, wind speed fluctuation is the main factor affecting power fluctuation; wind direction fluctuation has little effect. In the transition region and the constant power region, both wind speed fluctuation and wind direction fluctuation have little effect on power fluctuation; especially in the constant power region in which power capture is limited by the pitch control technology, power fluctuation is not affected by wind speed fluctuation and wind direction fluctuation.
Controllable DC‐link fault current limiter augmentation with DC chopper to improve fault ride‐through of DFIG
Authors: Jalilian Amin , Naderi Seyed Behzad , Negnevitsky Michael , Tarafdar Hagh Mehrdad , Muttaqi Kashem M.
Published: September 2016

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines are sensitive to grid faults due to utilising small‐scale rotor side converter (RSC). The application of crowbar protection to improve the fault ride‐through (FRT) capability of the DFIG converts it to a squirrel cage induction generator, which makes it difficult to comply with grid codes. This study proposes an innovative DC‐link controllable fault current limiter (C‐FCL) based FRT scheme for the RSC to improve the FRT capability of the DFIG. The proposed scheme replaces the AC crowbar protection and eliminates its disadvantages. The C‐FCL does not affect the normal operation of the DFIG. By means of the proposed scheme, rotor over‐currents are successfully limited during balanced and unbalanced grid faults, even at zero grid voltage. Also, the C‐FCL prevents rotor acceleration and high torque oscillations. In this study, an analysis of the proposed approach is presented in detail. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the conventional crowbar protection scheme through simulation studies carried out in power system computer‐aided design/electromagnetic transients, including dc software (PSCAD/EMTDC). Moreover, the main concept of the proposed approach is validated with an experimental setup and test results are presented.
Nanosecond spin relaxation times in single layer graphene spin valves with hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Katoch Jyoti , Xu Jinsong , Tan Cheng , Zhu Tiancong , Amamou Walid , Hone James , Kawakami Roland
Published: September 2016

We present an experimental study of spin transport in single layer graphene using atomic sheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a tunnel barrier for spin injection. While h-BN is expected to be favorable for spin injection, previous experimental studies have been unable to achieve spin relaxation times in the nanosecond regime, suggesting potential problems originating from the contacts. Here, we investigate spin relaxation in graphene spin valves with h-BN barriers and observe room temperature spin lifetimes in excess of a nanosecond, which provides experimental confirmation that h-BN is indeed a good barrier material for spin injection into graphene. By carrying out measurements with different thicknesses of h-BN, we show that few layer h-BN is a better choice than monolayer for achieving high non-local spin signals and longer spin relaxation times in graphene.
Prime factorization using magnonic holographic devices
Authors: Khivintsev Yuri , Ranjbar Mojtaba , Gutierrez David , Chiang Howard , Kozhevnikov Alexander , Filimonov Yuri , Khitun Alexander
Published: September 2016

Determining the prime factors of a given number N is a problem that requires super-polynomial time for conventional digital computers. A polynomial-time algorithm was invented by Shor for quantum computers. In this paper, we present experimental data that demonstrate prime factorization using spin-wave interference but without quantum entanglement. Prime factorization includes three major steps. First, a general-type computer calculates the sequence of numbers mkmod(N), where N is the number to be factorized, m is a randomly chosen positive integer, and k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…. Next, the period of the calculated sequence r is determined by exploiting spin-wave interference. Finally, the general-type computer determines the primes based on the obtained r. The experiment for period finding was conducted on a six-terminal Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 device. We chose number 15 for testing and determined its primes using a sequence of measurements. The obtained experimental data for a micrometer-sized prototype aimed to demonstrate the benefits of using spin-wave devices to solve complex computational problems. Scalability is one of the major strengths inherent in this type of wave-based device, which may provide a route to nanometer-sized logic circuits. We discuss the physical and technological limitations of this approach, which define the maximum size of N and the computational speed. Although this classical approach cannot compete with the quantum algorithm in terms of efficiency, magnonic holographic devices can potentially be used as complementary logic units aimed at speeding up prime factorization for classical computers.
Magnetism in alkali-metal-doped wurtzite semiconductor materials controlled by strain engineering
Authors: Guo J. H. , Li T. H. , Liu L. Z. , Hu F. R.
Published: September 2016

The study of the magnetism and optical properties of semiconductor materials by defect engineering has attracted much attention because of their potential uses in spintronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, first-principle calculations discloses that cationic vacancy formation energy of the doped wurtzite materials can be sharply decreased due to alkali metal dopants and shows that their magnetic properties strongly depend on defect and doping concentration. This effect can be ascribed to the volume change induced by foreign elements doped into the host system and atomic population's difference. The symmetric deformation induced by biaxial strain can further regulate this behavior. Our results suggest that the formation of cationic vacancy can be tailored by strain engineering and dopants incorporation.
Nonlinear behavior of the tarka flute's distinctive sounds
Authors: Gérard Arnaud , Yapu-Quispe Luis , Sakuma Sachiko , Ghezzi Flavio , Ramírez-Ávila Gonzalo Marcelo
Published: September 2016

The Andean tarka flute generates multiphonic sounds. Using spectral techniques, we verify two distinctive musical behaviors and the nonlinear nature of the tarka. Through nonlinear time series analysis, we determine chaotic and hyperchaotic behavior. Experimentally, we observe that by increasing the blow pressure on different fingerings, peculiar changes from linear to nonlinear patterns are produced, leading ultimately to quenching.
New spectral estimations for a class of integral-difference operators and generalisation to higher dimensions
Authors: Melnikov Yuri B.
Published: September 2016

Quadratic form approach allows for new results in the analysis of a class of integral-difference operators in finite domains: non-negativity, spectral estimations, a new property of Legendre polynomials, and establishing links with weighted mean-square deviation functionals and with infinite Jacobi matrices with not-bounded coefficients. Generalisation of integral-difference operators to higher dimensions is provided and application to matter relaxation in a field is considered. A new class of special functions naturally appears.
Upgrades of poloidal and tangential x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers for temperature and rotation measurements on EAST
Authors: Wang Fudi , Chen Jun , Hu Ruiji , Lyu Bo , Colledani Gilles , Fu Jia , Li Yingying , Bitter Manfred , Hill Kenneth , Lee Sangon , Ye Minyou , Shi Yuejiang , Wan Baonian
Published: September 2016

During the past two years, key parts of poloidal and tangential x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers (PXCSs and TXCSs) have been upgraded. For poloidal XCSs, double-crystals of ArXVII and FeXXV were deployed. For fulfilling in situ alignment of a poloidal XCS, the beryllium window must be flexibly removed. By utilizing a design, where the beryllium window was installed in the vacuum chamber of the double-crystal, and between the double-crystal and wall of this chamber, an in situ alignment for the two spectrometers was fulfilled. Also, a new holder for the double-crystal was installed to allow for precise adjustments of azimuth angle and vertical height of the double-crystal. In order to facilitate these adjustments of double-crystal and installation of beryllium window, the chamber of the double-crystal for PXCS was upgraded from a cylinder to a cuboid. The distance between double-crystal and magnetic axis was extended from 8936 mm to 9850 mm in order to improve spatial resolution for PXCS, which is currently in the range from 1.237 mm to 4.80 mm at magnetic axis. Furthermore, a new pixelated detector (PILATUS 900K), which has a large sensitive area of 83.8 × 325.3 mm2 and which is vacuum compatible, is being implemented on the PXCS. This detector is mounted on a rail, so that its position can be changed by 50 mm to effectively record spectra of He-like argon and He-like iron (ArXVII and FeXXV). Similarly, a rail, which allows detector movement by 50 mm, was also installed in TXCS to alternatively record spectra of ArXVII and ArXVIII. Presently, the operation duration of PXCS and TXCS has been upgraded to hundreds of seconds in one shot. Ti- and uϕ-profiles measured by TXCS and charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) were compared and found to be in good agreement.
A unified approach to describe the thermal and magnetic hysteresis in Heusler alloys
Authors: Blázquez J. S. , Franco V. , Conde A. , Gottschall T. , Skokov K. P. , Gutfleisch O.
Published: September 2016

Different excitations, like temperature, magnetic field, or pressure, can drive a martensitic transition in Heusler alloys. Coupled phenomena in these materials lead to interesting magnetocaloric and barocaloric effects ascribed to this transition. In this work, we demonstrate that isothermal transformations induced by a magnetic field and isofield transformations induced by the temperature can be described using the same framework. By defining an effective temperature that relates field and temperature through the properties of the system (magnetic moment and entropy of the transition), both kinds of loops can be transformed into the other kind, therefore providing a more effective way of characterizing hysteretic samples. The validity of this effective temperature approach to describe the transition holds for martensite to austenite transformations as well as reversal ones, and thus, the hysteresis phenomena can be described using this single general excitation.
Formation of star nanowires of sulfur-doped zinc oxide: Ab initio calculations
Authors: Lin Qiu-Bao , Wu Shun-Qing , Zhu Zi-Zhong
Published: September 2016

ZnO nanowires are hexagonally shaped under normal growth conditions, but are transformed from a hexagon to hexagram ones when sulfur dopants are added into the growth solution. The formation mechanism of the hexagram-shaped ZnO nanowires is further studied by the ab initio calculations in this paper. The present calculations support the fact that the hexagonally shaped ZnO nanowires are transformed to hexagram shaped ones when the O atoms on the side surfaces of the nanowires are replaced by S atoms in certain quantities. It indicates that the ratio of sulfur content plays an important role in the hexagram formation. The results of the electronic charge densities indicate that the charge transfer makes the S-Zn bond longer than that of O-Zn. The new charge distribution on the side planes due to the S atoms replacement leads to the formation of the hexagram-shaped nanowires. The calculation on the electronic properties shows that a sulfur-doped hexagram ZnO nanowire is an indirect band gap semiconductor with a narrow gap. When dopant is increased, the gap will decrease.
Avian influenza. Why the concern?
Authors: Barr Ian G , Wong Frank YK
Published: September 2016

Avian influenza normally has little impact on poultry and wild birds but since 1996, highly virulent viruses have emerged and continue to circulate in many countries. The results of these viruses have been devastating in domestic poultry and they have also spilled over into humans, infecting and killing hundreds and raising the opportunities for the virus to further adapt and possibly cause a future influenza pandemic. This article briefly details these events and discusses the consequences of these viruses continuing to circulate and cause disease.
Dengue and the introduction of mosquito-transmitted viruses into Australia
Authors: van den Hurk Andrew F
Published: September 2016

Dengue virus outbreaks involving 100s of cases periodically occur in north Queensland, the area of Australia where the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, occurs. This article summarises the ecology, history, current situation and control of dengue virus transmission in Australia and examines the threat posed by newly emergent arboviruses, such as Zika and chikungunya viruses.
High pressure-induced distortion in face-centered cubic phase of thallium
Authors: Kotmool Komsilp , Li Bing , Chakraborty Sudip , Bovornratanaraks Thiti , Luo Wei , Mao Ho-kwang , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: September 2016

Significance

The III-A metals (i.e. Al, Ga, and In) have displayed complexity of structural phase transitions under high pressure. The contribution of
d
electrons to valence states has been investigated previously and has been suggested to be responsible for that behavior. Here, another III-A metal, Tl, is predicted to be an unusual distorted f.c.c. structure (b.c.t.) at high pressure and then is confirmed by using the angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction method. The enhancement of
sp–d
mixing states at valence bands with the increasing pressure is suspected to be the cause of distortion in Tl. The transformation pathway of Tl is intended to be h.c.p→f.c.c→b.c.t. under compression. Tl is an important element in high-temperature superconducting compounds; thus the present study has great implications in the area of superconductivity.
Genomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis lytic bacteriophage ϕNIT1 capable of obstructing natto fermentation carrying genes for the capsule-lytic soluble enzymes poly-γ-glutamate hydrolase and levanase
Authors: Ozaki Tatsuro , Abe Naoki , Kimura Keitarou , Suzuki Atsuto , Kaneko Jun
Published: September 2016

Bacillus subtilis strains including the fermented soybean (natto) starter produce capsular polymers consisting of poly-γ-glutamate and levan. Capsular polymers may protect the cells from phage infection. However, bacteriophage ϕNIT1 carries a γ-PGA hydrolase gene (pghP) that help it to counteract the host cell’s protection strategy. ϕNIT had a linear double stranded DNA genome of 155,631-bp with a terminal redundancy of 5,103-bp, containing a gene encoding an active levan hydrolase. These capsule-lytic enzyme genes were located in the possible foreign gene cluster regions between central core and terminal redundant regions, and were expressed at the late phase of the phage lytic cycle. All tested natto origin Spounavirinae phages carried both genes for capsule degrading enzymes similar to ϕNIT1. A comparative genomic analysis revealed the diversity among ϕNIT1 and Bacillus phages carrying pghP-like and levan-hydrolase genes, and provides novel understanding on the acquisition mechanism of these enzymatic genes.
Sufficient intake of high amylose cornstarch maintains high colonic hydrogen production for 24 h in rats
Authors: Nishimura Naomichi , Tanabe Hiroki , Yamamoto Tatsuro
Published: September 2016

Colonic hydrogen (H2) can suppress oxidative stress and damage in the body. We examined the minimum requirement of high amylose cornstarch (HAS) to maintain high colonic H2 production for 24 h. Ileorectostomized and sham-operated rats were fed a control diet supplemented with or without 20% HAS for 7 days. Colonic starch utilization was determined. Next, rats were fed the control diet with or without 10% or 20% HAS for 14 or 28 days, respectively. Breath and flatus H2 excretion for 24 h was measured. 1.04 g of resistant fraction in HAS was utilized for 24 h by colonic bacteria. High H2 excretion was not maintained for 24 h in rats fed the 10% HAS diet, from which only 0.89 g of resistant starch was estimated to be delivered. High colonic H2 production for 24 h would be maintained by delivering more HAS to the large intestine than is utilized.
The tubulin repertoire ofCaenorhabditis eleganssensory neurons and its context‑dependent role in process outgrowth
Authors: Lockhead Dean , Schwarz Erich M. , O’Hagan Robert , Bellotti Sebastian , Krieg Michael , Barr Maureen M. , Dunn Alexander R. , Sternberg Paul W. , Goodman Miriam B.
Published: September 2016

Microtubules contribute to many cellular processes, including transport, signaling, and chromosome separation during cell division. They comprise αβ‑tubulin heterodimers arranged into linear protofilaments and assembled into tubes. Eukaryotes express multiple tubulin isoforms, and there has been a longstanding debate as to whether the isoforms are redundant or perform specialized roles as part of a tubulin code. Here we use the well‑characterized touch receptor neurons (TRNs) of Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate this question through genetic dissection of process outgrowth both in vivo and in vitro. With single‑cell RNA-seq, we compare transcription profiles for TRNs with those of two other sensory neurons and present evidence that each sensory neuron expresses a distinct palette of tubulin genes. In the TRNs, we analyze process outgrowth and show that four tubulins (tba‑1, tba‑2, tbb‑1, and tbb‑2) function partially or fully redundantly, whereas two others (mec‑7 and mec‑12) perform specialized, context‑dependent roles. Our findings support a model in which sensory neurons express overlapping subsets of tubulin genes whose functional redundancy varies among cell types and in vivo and in vitro contexts.
Is There a Late Style in Schubert’s Oeuvre?
Authors: Hinrichsen Hans-Joachim
Published: September 2016

Franz Schubert died young, and therefore for him the witticism that all of his are ‘early works’ is an appropriate one. Still, can one really subject Schubert’s last works to the aesthetic discussion of late style? The last works of mature composers such as Bach, Haydn, Beethoven or Schoenberg evince a definable late style solely on chronological grounds, and whether that can be transferred to Schubert is uncertain. Nonetheless there is in Schubert’s work around 1824 a leap in quality, which has led to those features in style which, in the course of music history, have had a growing influence on composers, interpreters and recipients. They will be pursued in depth in the proposed essay, because more important than the question of the adequate naming of this formative style is the recognition that the instrumental and vocal works composed from 1824 onwards represent a turning point which, alongside Beethoven’s late style, belongs to the most historically powerful, compositionally paradigmatic changes of the nineteenth century.
Contextual Processes in Schubert’s Late Sacred Music
Authors: Sobaskie James William
Published: September 2016

The late sacred music of Franz Schubert offers insight into the composer’s spirituality. Simple yet subtle contextual processes animate the Schlussgesang and ‘Das Gebet des Herrn’ of Schubert’s Deutsche Messe, directing attention towards quietly foretold goals. A different quest unfolds within Schubert’s Hymnus an den heiligen Geist, where no fewer than eight keys allude to the achievement and confirmation of a most distant one. The Sanctus and Agnus Dei of Schubert’s sublime Mass in E ♭, as well as his last two sacred essays, the Tantum ergo and Offertorium: Intende voci , uniquely portray processes of transformation via gradual metamorphoses of striking harmonic events heard at the outset of each work which communicate impressions of transfiguration and reconciliation. Written during an extraordinarily productive period when Schubert’s health may have prompted meditation on his own mortality, the contextual processes of these sacred compositions suggest that the composer may have contemplated transcendence and redemption as he faced what inevitably would come.
Elusive Intimacy in Schubert’s Final Opera, Der Graf von Gleichen
Authors: Feurzeig Lisa
Published: September 2016

Even in his years of illness, Schubert did not avoid texts concerned with sexual intimacy. Some particularly powerful examples, such as the Rellstab ‘Ständchen’ and ‘Heimliches Lieben’, date from this period—yet those songs, despite their deeply sexual content, portray yearning more than actuality. Der Graf von Gleichen, Schubert’s last opera, moves toward a bold experiment in intimacy—a three-way marriage—but does not quite arrive at it. Schubert did not compose the final scene, which in any case was written to be ceremonial and public, leaving us outside the private quarters where the marriage must take its full shape. Does absence make the heart grow fonder? Is imagined intimacy even more special than the reality? Schubert circles around these questions in his late music, portraying deep passions even as he tantalisingly raises the parasol to shield every kiss.
Beginnings: to 1861
Authors: Gilliver Peter
Published: September 2016

This chapter explores the cultural background from which the idea of a comprehensive historical dictionary emerged as a new concept in the lexicography of English during the nineteenth century, leading to the decision by the Philological Society of London to collect materials for a ‘New English Dictionary’. It describes the roles played in this process by various key individuals, including Frederick Furnivall, Herbert Coleridge, and Richard Chenevix Trench, and follows the fortunes of the project from the earliest activities of the Society's ‘Unregistered Words Committee’ down to the death of Coleridge in 1861. It also assesses the lexicographical work left unfinished by Coleridge at his death.
Furnivall’s Dictionary: 1861–1875
Authors: Gilliver Peter
Published: September 2016

This chapter follows the work done on the ‘New English Dictionary’ under the editorship of Frederick Furnivall following the death of Herbert Coleridge, including the conception of a ‘concise’ version of the Dictionary and the idea of getting volunteer ‘sub-editors’ to undertake preliminary compilation of separate portions of the Dictionary (among whom was Henry Hucks Gibbs, who would go on to play an important part in the Dictionary’s history); it describes the stagnation of the project in the 1870s and the issuing of the ‘Appeal to the English-Speaking Public’ in 1875 by George Wheelwright which marked the end of this period of stagnation.
Storm and stress: 1888–1897
Authors: Gilliver Peter
Published: September 2016

This chapter describes the progress of the OED (as it was by now beginning to be called) through the difficult years 1888–97, during which the lexicographers and the Dictionary’s publishers came into serious conflict, notably during two crises in 1893 and 1896, the main point of contention being the scale of expansion of the text of the Dictionary as compared with that of Webster’s Dictionary of 1864; it reassesses the role of Philip Lyttelton Gell, and the Delegates of the Press, in these crises. The developing contribution of Henry Bradley as the Dictionary’s second Editor, initially in London and later in Oxford, is described. The move towards more frequent publication of shorter sections of the Dictionary, the challenges posed by other dictionaries, and the appointments of Charles Onions and William Craigie to the staff are also noted.
After twilight: 1915–1923
Authors: Gilliver Peter
Published: September 2016

This chapter describes the progress of the OED down to the death of Henry Bradley in 1923. It describes the reorganization of the staff following Murray’s death, the loss of personnel to the war effort and the effect of this on progress, and the increasing struggles of William Craigie and his assistants to deal with the unanticipated challenges posed by words beginning with un- (for which an enormous quantity of evidence had accumulated). Craigie’s increasing dissatisfaction with his work, and his promotion of the idea of compiling a series of ‘period dictionaries’ (covering the English of particular periods in greater detail than the OED), are also explored, as is the evolution of ideas about the possible form of a Supplement to the Dictionary.
Learning to swim (again): 1957–1972
Authors: Gilliver Peter
Published: September 2016

This chapter describes the first decade and a half of work on the revised Supplement to the OED, leading up to the publication of its first volume in 1972. Robert Burchfield, as its Editor, oversaw the re-establishment of a team of lexicographers of English in Oxford, the setting up of a reading programme to collect quotation evidence for the new Supplement, and the development of editorial policy effectively from scratch. During this period work on other, non-historical dictionaries of English became consolidated in Oxford, with Burchfield in overall charge of the ‘Oxford Dictionaries’; the development of this lexicographical unit, and the dictionaries which emerged from it, are also considered.
Second Supplement to Second Edition: 1972–1989
Authors: Gilliver Peter
Published: September 2016

This chapter describes the progress of the OED project through the remaining years of the preparation of the revised Supplement and the conception and implementation of the idea of converting the Dictionary into electronic form, as a preliminary step to its revision, with the publication of the second edition of the Dictionary (OED2) in 1989 as an important by-product. During this period Oxford Dictionaries came to carry out an ever-increasing range of lexicographical activities, and Robert Burchfield’s staff—and the Supplement being compiled by him and his colleagues—continued to expand. The development of the ‘New OED’ project, as initially conceived by Richard Charkin, is traced, leading to the digitization of the OED and Supplement and the creation from this raw material of OED2, under the joint editorship of Edmund Weiner and John Simpson. Another pioneering technological venture described here is the publication of the Dictionary on CD-ROM.