bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literature as Knowledge for Living, Literary Studies as Science for Living
Authors: Ette Ottmar
Published: October 2010

In 2001, the official year of the “life sciences” in germany, ottmar ette began pulling together ideas for what was to become the programmatic essay excerpted and translated here. Ette is known for different things in different places: in Spain and Hispanic America, he is renowned for his work on José Martí, Jorge Semprún, Mario Vargas Llosa, Gabriel García Márquez, and a host of other authors. In the francophone world, he is best known for his writings on Roland Barthes and, more recently, on Amin Maalouf, while his reputation in his native Germany rests on his voluminous work on Alexander von Humboldt and on the new literatures in German. That this polyglot professor of Romance literatures is, at heart and in practice, a comparatist goes almost without saying. He is also, perhaps as inevitably, a literary theorist and a cultural critic, whose work has attracted attention throughout Europe. In his 2004 book ÜberLebenswissen—a title that might be rendered in English both as “Knowledge for Survival” and as “About Life Knowledge”—Ette first began to reclaim for literary studies the dual concepts of Lebenswissen and Lebenswissenschaft, which I have translated provisionally as “knowledge for living” and “science for living” to set them off from the biotechnological discourses of the life sciences. While ÜberLebenswissen focuses on the disciplinary history and practices of the field of Romance literatures, its companion volume from 2005, ZwischenWeltenSchreiben: Literaturen ohne festen Wohnsitz (“Writing between Worlds: Literatures without a Fixed Abode”), extends Ette's inquiry to the global contexts of Shoah, Cuban, and Arab American literatures. Both volumes urge that literary studies “be opened up, made accessible and relevant, to the larger society. Doing so is, simply and plainly, a matter of survival” (ZwischenWeltenSchreiben 270).
Invasive species control: understanding conflicts between researchers and the general community
Authors: Shine Richard , Doody J Sean
Published: October 2010

Understanding the reasons for disagreements about conservation issues can facilitate effective engagement between the people involved. Invasive species are often central to such debates, with researchers and members of the public frequently disagreeing about the nature and magnitude of problems posed by the invaders, and the best ways to deal with them. The spread of non‐native cane toads (Rhinella marina) throughout Australia has stimulated research on toad impact and control, and has mobilized local communities to reduce cane toad numbers through direct action. Biologists and community groups have disagreed about many toad‐related topics, providing an instructive case history about impediments to consensus. Debates about the ecological impacts of cane toads mostly reflect poor communication of available research results (ie scientists have been largely unsuccessful in transmitting their findings to community groups), whereas disagreements about toad control reflect an information vacuum about the effectiveness of alternative methods, such as trapping, biocontrol, and predator training to induce toad aversion, among others. Many other disagreements have arisen from the differing motivations of scientists and community groups. Although the debates are superficially about evidence, the deeper divergence reflects differing social pressures, the ways that information is transmitted, and how people evaluate the validity of information.
The Senses of Functions in the Logic of Sense and Denotation
Authors: Klement Kevin C.
Published: October 2010

This paper discusses certain problems arising within the treatment of the senses of functions in Alonzo Church's Logic of Sense and Denotation. Church understands such senses themselves to be “sense-functions,” functions from sense to sense. However, the conditions he lays out under which a sense-function is to be regarded as a sense presenting another function as denotation allow for certain undesirable results given certain unusual or “deviant” sense-functions. Certain absurdities result, e.g., an argument can be found for equating any two senses of the same type. An alternative treatment of the senses of functions is discussed, and is thought to do better justice to Frege's original theory.
Almost Disjoint Families and Diagonalizations of Length Continuum
Authors: Raghavan Dilip
Published: October 2010

We present a survey of some results and problems concerning constructions which require a diagonalization of length continuum to be carried out, particularly constructions of almost disjoint families of various sorts. We emphasize the role of cardinal invariants of the continuum and their combinatorial characterizations in such constructions.
An Invitation to Model-Theoretic Galois Theory
Authors: Medvedev Alice , Takloo-Bighash Ramin
Published: October 2010

We carry out some of Galois' work in the setting of an arbitrary first-order theoryT. We replace the ambient algebraically closed field by a large modelMofT, replace fields by definably closed subsets ofM, assume thatTcodes finite sets, and obtain the fundamental duality of Galois theory matching subgroups of the Galois group ofLoverFwith intermediate extensionsF≤K≤L. This exposition of a special case of [10] has the advantage of requiring almost no background beyond familiarity with fields, polynomials, first-order formulae, and automorphisms.
Hospital Readmission in First-Time Admitted Patients with Schizophrenia: Smoking Patients Had Higher Hospital Readmission Rate Than Non-Smoking Patients
Authors: Kobayashi Mika , Ito Hiroto , Okumura Yasuyuki , Mayahara Ken , Matsumoto Yoshio , Hirakawa Junichi
Published: October 2010

Objectives:

To consider smoke-free policies for the patients with schizophrenia, the present study examined how smoking behavior is related to hospital readmission among patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted in 2007 on 460 discharged patients with schizophrenia who voluntarily admitted in the participating psychiatric hospitals at first time. We reviewed smoking status, readmissions, and other variables including socio-demographic characteristics, process of care, and social functioning at discharge using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF).

Results:

The rate of cigarette smoking in this study was 42.2%. The rate of smoking was significantly higher in males (56.1%) than in females (26.2%). Mean GAF score at discharge was slightly higher in smoking patients than non-smoking patients (g = 0.18). Cox proportional hazard model revealed that hospital readmission rate was significantly higher in smoking patients than non-smoking patients after controlling for all other variables (HR = 1.78).

Conclusions:

Non-smoking patients had fewer hospital readmissions than smoking patients. This finding could be a reason to promote cessation of smoking which might provide positive influences on prognosis of schizophrenia.
Cloninger's Temperament and Character Dimension of Personality in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Gulec Medine Yazici , Gulec Huseyin , Oztuna Funda , Kose Samet
Published: October 2010

Objective:

Psychosocial factors have been implicated as being important in the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma. This study was performed to evaluate the personality profiles of asthma patients.

Method:

Ninety-five asthmatic, 98 psoriatic patients, and 96 healthy controls completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The relationships between asthma illness duration, asthma severity score, depression, anxiety, and temperament and character personality variables were evaluated.

Results:

Asthmatic patients had significantly higher mean scores on the BAI, Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-transcendence dimensions and lower scores on the BDI, Novelty Seeking, and Reward Dependence dimensions of the TCI than the psoriatic patients. Significant group effect was found for the BDI and BAI scores in between groups. Significant differences in TCI scores were found across groups except for Persistence and Self-transcendence. Post hoc tests revealed significantly lower Novelty Seeking, higher Harm Avoidance, lower Reward Dependence, and higher Self-transcendence scores in patients with asthma. Regression analysis revealed a significant effect between duration of illness and Persistence and Self-transcendence. Illness severity had a significant effect on the Harm Avoidance. Anxiety scores had significant effect on the Harm Avoidance, Self-directedness, and Self-transcendence. Depression scores had no significant effect on any of the TCI dimensions.

Conclusions:

Asthmatic patients can be distinguished by a specific pattern of temperament (low NS) and character (high ST) dimensions and compared with both psoriatic patients and healthy controls. Illness duration is associated with ST scores, and illness severity is associated with HA.
The Biopsychosocial Milieu of Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study of the Impact of Social Relationships on a Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Olson Michael M. , Trevino Dorothy B. , Islam Jamal , Denner Larry
Published: October 2010

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychosocial variables, biomarker hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and immune modulatory cytokine mediators among diabetic patients in marital or committed long-term relationships.

Method:

This is a cross-sectional study of adult patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presenting at a university-based ambulatory medical clinic. Social/interpersonal constructs were assessed using measures of dyadic adjustment, interpersonal sensitivity and social functioning, and expressed emotion. HbA1c and cytokines were measured from blood samples using standard laboratory tests. Associations of relational systems constructs with biomarkers were assessed using bivariate tests.

Results:

Dyadic adjustment was significantly associated with cytokine IL-8. Interpersonal relationship functioning was significantly associated with biomarker HbA1c, and cytokines TNF-α, and IL-1ra. Social functioning was significantly correlated with cytokines IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-2r, IL-6, and eotaxin. Depression was significantly correlated with HbA1C.

Conclusions:

Although preliminary in nature, findings revealed significant relationships between molecular mediators of the inflammatory and immune systems and variables measuring the relational context patients with T2DM. The initial findings suggest a next step in understanding and exploring the complex but important biopsychosocial pathways in Type 2 DM.
Association between Anxiety or Depressive Symptoms and Arterial Hypertension, and Their Impact on the Quality of Life
Authors: Saboya Patrícia M. H. P. , Zimmermann Paulo R. , Bodanese Luiz C.
Published: October 2010

Objective:

Despite all progress made in understanding and treating systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), the study of the impact of psychological disorders in SAH is still controversial and is not well understood. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that SAH can be associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and to verify its effect on the quality of life.

Method:

A controlled cross-sectional study included 302 patients (152 hypertensive and 150 normotensive) outpatients at Hospital São Lucas of PUC-RS. Measurements were made in individual interviews and included data collection and application of general scales such as State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Medical Outcome Study Short Form, General Health Survey (SF-36).

Results:

Anxiety was significantly associated with SAH only after adjusted for relevant risk factors (odds ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55 to 5.18). Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with SAH (OR) = 4.34 (95% CI: 2.34 to 8.06). A significant association between quality of life and SAH were also found. However, this association diminished after adjusted for BDI and STAI. This shows the effect of depressive symptoms, in particular, and anxiety, in the worsening of quality of life.

Conclusions:

This study suggested that anxiety, especially depressive symptoms, are significantly associated with SAH and had a significant effect on hypertensive patients' worse quality of life.
Alcohol Use Disorders in Geriatrics
Authors: Kalapatapu Raj K. , Paris Philip , Neugroschl Judith A.
Published: October 2010

Alcohol use disorders cause significant morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population. This review article begins with a hypothetical case for illustration, asking what the primary care physician could do for a geriatric patient with alcohol abuse over a course of four office visits. Various aspects of alcohol use disorders in the geriatric population are reviewed, such as range of alcohol use, epidemiology, medical/psychiatric impact, detection, comprehensive treatment planning, modalities of psychotherapy, medication management, and resources for clinicians/patients.
Clinical Studies on Event-Related Potentials (ERPS) N400 and the Related Factors in Patients with Poststroke Depression (PSD)
Authors: Wenzhen He , De Cai , Lili Lin , Yushan Fang , Xuan Zheng
Published: October 2010

Objective:

To evaluate event-related potentials (ERPs), N400, and the related factors in patients with poststroke depression (PSD).

Methods:

Eighty-five stroke patients with depression, conforming to the diagnoses standard of Chinese Classification of Mental Diseases (3rd edition) (CCMD-3), were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride for 3 months and another 85 stroke patients without depression were selected as the control group. The traits about N400 and blood platelet 5-HT concentrations of all patients were measured.

Results:

There were significant differences between the incubation periods and average amplitudes of N400 in patients with PSD and those in patients without PSD ( p < 0.01), while the blood platelet 5-HT concentrations of PSD patients were much lower than those of the patients without PSD ( p < 0.01). For PSD patients, the N400 incubation periods were significantly shortened, averaged amplitudes were significantly increased ( p < 0.01), and the blood platelet 5-HT concentrations were significantly raised after 3 months' treatment.

Conclusions:

For ERPs N400 in PSD patients, the incubation period is significantly prolonged and the average amplitude is reduced. Blood platelet 5-HT concentration may influence ERPs N400 in PSD patients.

Significance:

N400 detections are helpful to the early diagnostic of PSD, and provide objective electrophysiology indexes for follow-up visits.
Comment on Richardson: Progressive Federal Taxation Drives Redistribution from Blue to Red States
Authors: Giertz Seth H
Published: October 2010

Professor Richardson documents redistribution from Democratic states to Republican states and links this to the 1994 "Republican revolution" -- suggesting a deliberative effort by Republicans to redistribute income towards their constituents. Seth Giertz of the University of Nebraska argues that what Professor Richardson's analysis really shows is that "red" states -- but not necessarily Republicans within those states -- are (increasingly) the major beneficiaries of federal redistributive policies -- and that "blue" states are (increasingly) the benefactors.
Comment on George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton: Contexts of Identity Formation
Authors: Ettlinger Nancy
Published: October 2010

George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton recently argued that economists and policymakers have missed the social codes that form peoples identities and guide their actions. Identity economics is sorely needed, but it must also account for context, which helps explain variation in behavior, according to Nancy Ettlinger of Ohio State University.
Non-Thermal Microwave Reduction of Pathogenic Cellular Population
Authors: Barnabas John , Siores Elias , Lamb Andrew
Published: October 2010

Pathogenic bacterial cells have been proved to be destroyed by heat at specific parameters such as dry heat, moist heat, thermal radiation, etc. In the study that was undertaken, it was found that microwaves had shown the ability to destroy bacterial cells at specific parameters without causing heating of the substrate, when using low dielectric substrates such as a glass slide (originally devised method). It was found that the bacterial cells, when exposed to microwaves as a smear on glass slide were reduced in cell population using 2.45GHz microwaves at various power levels (Watts). The degrees of reduction of bacterial cells in smears were estimated by growing the exposed smears in routine bacterial media and by studying the surviving bacterial growth density in a spectrophotometer at 600nm.The study also revealed various parameters at which the selected pathogenic bacterial smear cells succumbed to microwave radiation, under such conditions.
Meta-Analysis of the Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Diabetes
Authors: Renko Marjo , Tapanainen Päivi , Tossavainen Päivi , Pokka Tytti , Uhari Matti
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is more common in patients with diabetes than among control subjects. In addition, we wanted to clarify the clinical significance of ASB in patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data since 1966. Twenty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis.

RESULTS

ASB was present in 439 of 3,579 (12.2%) patients with diabetes and in 121 of 2,702 (4.5%) healthy control subjects. ASB was more common both in patients with type 1 diabetes (odds ratio 3.0 [95% CI 1.1–8.0]) and type 2 diabetes (3.2 [2.0–5.2]) than in control subjects. The point prevalence of ASB was higher in both women (14.2 vs. 5.1%; 2.6 [1.6–4.1]) and men (2.3 vs. 0.8%; 3.7 [1.3–10.2]) as well as in children and adolescents (12.9 vs. 2.7%; 5.4 [2.7–11.0]) with diabetes than in healthy control subjects. Albuminuria was more common in patients with diabetes and ASB than those without ASB (2.9 [1.7–4.8]). History of urinary tract infections was associated with ASB (1.6 [1.1–2.3]).

CONCLUSIONS

We were able to show that the prevalence of ASB is higher in all patients with diabetes compared with control subjects. We also found that diabetic subjects with ASB more often had albuminuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections.
Prevalence, Metabolic Features, and Prognosis of Metabolically Healthy Obese Italian Individuals
Authors: Calori Giliola , Lattuada Guido , Piemonti Lorenzo , Garancini Maria Paola , Ragogna Francesca , Villa Marco , Mannino Salvatore , Crosignani Paolo , Bosi Emanuele , Luzi Livio , Ruotolo Giacomo , Perseghin Gianluca
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

Some obese individuals have normal insulin sensitivity. It is controversial whether this phenotype is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fifteen-year all-cause mortality data were obtained through the Regional Health Registry for 2,011 of 2,074 Caucasian middle-aged individuals of the Cremona Study, a population study on the prevalence of diabetes in Italy. Individuals were divided in four categories according to BMI (nonobese: <30 kg/m2; obese: ≥30 kg/m2) and estimated insulin resistance (insulin sensitive: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance <2.5; insulin resistant ≥2.5).

RESULTS

Obese insulin-sensitive subjects represented 11% (95% CI 8.1–14.5) of the obese population. This phenotype had similar BMI but lower waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and fibrinogen and higher HDL cholesterol than obese insulin-resistant subjects. In the 15-year follow-up, 495 deaths (cardiovascular disease [CVD]: n = 221; cancer: n = 180) occurred. All-cause mortality adjusted for age and sex was higher in the obese insulin-resistant subjects (hazard ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.08–1.81], P = 0.01) but not in the obese insulin-sensitive subjects (0.99 [0.46–2.11], P = 0.97) when compared with nonobese insulin-sensitive subjects. Also, mortality for CVD and cancer was higher in the obese insulin-resistant subjects but not in the obese insulin-sensitive subjects when compared with nonobese insulin-sensitive subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to obese insulin-resistant subjects, metabolically healthy obese individuals are less common than previously thought and do not show increased all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality risks in a 15-year follow-up study.
Retinal and Gingival Hemorrhaging and Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Hujoel Philippe P. , Stott-Miller Marni
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

To assess the hypothesis that retinopathies are indicative of systemic microvascular injury.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The only U.S. national survey assessing microvascular hemorrhaging at two distinct anatomical sites was the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). The systemic microvascular injury hypothesis was assessed by modeling the association of retinal and gingival hemorrhaging and the factors that explain this association.

RESULTS

Individuals in whom one or more in five gingival sites was hemorrhaging had a 57% increased odds for retinal hemorrhaging (95% CI: 1.26–1.94). This association between retinal and gingival hemorrhaging was 51% explained by A1C concentrations. Retinal and gingival hemorrhaging exhibited the signature J-shaped prevalence patterns when plotted as a function of A1C concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

Gingival hemorrhaging reflected on retinal hemorrhaging, and both shared chronic hyperglycemia as an explanatory marker. These epidemiological findings support the hypothesis that retinopathies are reflective of systemic microvascular injury.
High Levels of Education Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Olsson Lisa , Ahlbom Anders , Grill Valdemar , Midthjell Kristian , Carlsson Sofia
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether the risk for autoimmune diabetes in adults differs between socioeconomic groups and to compare such risk with that for type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The inhabitants of the Norwegian county of Nord-Trøndelag were investigated by questionnaires and clinical examinations on three occasions during 1984–2008. We used information from a subset consisting of 56,296 subjects (participating in at least two surveys), including 122 incident cases of autoimmune diabetes in adults (aged ≥35 and anti-GAD positive) and 1,555 cases of type 2 diabetes (aged ≥35 and anti-GAD negative). Hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes associated with self-reported education and occupation were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

High levels of education (university versus primary school) were associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diabetes (HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.21–3.26]), after adjustment for BMI, lifestyle factors, and family history of diabetes. Case subjects with high levels of education had lower levels of C-peptide, tended to have higher levels of anti-GAD, and were more often treated with insulin. Conversely, these subjects had a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.57–0.82]), a risk that was partly explained by lower BMI and more physical activity (adjusted HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.74–1.06]).

CONCLUSIONS

High levels of education are associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diabetes in adults, a finding that may be mediated by effects on autoimmune activity. Because the association is not explained by traditional risk factors, other, currently unidentified, environmental factors are likely to be involved.
Cost of Dyspepsia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Aftab H , Begum HA , Rahman M
Published: October 2010

Objectives: To estimate the cost of dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Bangladeshi patient Methods: A consecutive sample of fifty nine patients attended outpatient clinic of Gastroenterology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (June to July 2008) were evaluated using an interview-assisted questionnaires for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (i.e. heartburn or regurgitation on a weekly basis for at least the past 3 months, and symptom onset at least 12 months prior to the study) or dyspepsia symptom(based on Rome II criteria). The frequency of health resource utilization (i.e. physician visit, hospitalization, laboratory tests, instrumental studies, and medications) and productivity loss (days off work) due to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease or dyspepsia-related symptoms in the past 12 months were recorded. Societal perspective was used, and cost of illness per person per year was estimated in purchasing power parity dollars (PPP$). Results: The cost of illness per person per year for patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and dyspepsia alone were around PPP$33.29 and PPP$55.35, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the cost of illness between the two groups. The direct costs of disease comprised 91.49%and 93.02%of the total costs in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia patients, respectively with the costs of medications being the dominant component for dyspepsia and investigation cost for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Conclusion: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia, contribute substantially to the direct costs of medical care in a developing country like Bangladesh. Keywords: Dyspepsia; gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; cost of treatment. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6266 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 101-104
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in Thalassemic Patients
Authors: Uddin MR , Rana M , Islam MMSUI , Begum F , Salimullah ASM , Ahsan K , Sarker MN , Ahmed DS , Roy PK , Raihan A
Published: October 2010

Hepatitis C virus is one of the leading causes of liver disease and represents a major public health problem. It is a common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as the most common reason for liver transplantation. This cross sectional study was carried out during the period of April 2007 to April 2008 among thalassemic patients with history of multiple blood transfusion (>20 units). Total 200 thalassemic patients from Thalassemia Samity Hospital, Green Road, Bangladesh Thalassemia Foundation, Dhanmondi, and from Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka were included in the study.After taking detailed history and clinical examination , 0.3 ml of venous blood was collected from each patient and tested for anti HCV by commercial kit. Positive cases were confirmed by ELISA method. Among 200 patients majority (68.5%) were below age of 20 years with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1,16.5% were found to have anti HCV positive. Anti HCV positivity increased with duration of exposure and number of blood transfusion., 22.9% of patients who had duration of exposure for more than 10 years and 36.4% having blood transfusion more than 40 units were positive for anti HCV. Key words: Seroprevalence; hepatitis C virus; thalassemia. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6269 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 115- 119
A Postmortem Study of the Pyramidal lobe of the Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People
Authors: Begum M , Khatun M , Kishwara S , Ahmed R , Naushaba J
Published: October 2010

Background: The pyramidal lobe is also called the 3rd lobe of the thyroid gland which ascends toward the hyroid bone from the isthmus or the adjacent part of either lobe. A fibrous or fibromascular band the levetor glandulae thyroideae occasionally extends upwards from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. Any pathology of thyroid gland involves this lobe, some pathology started from here or recurrence may occur from this lobe. Anatomical knowledge about pyramidal lobe is essential for surgeons, endocrinologists, pathologists and sonologists for proper diagnosis and management of thyroid diseases. Study design: Cross sectional descriptive type of study. Place and period of study: Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Study period was from July 2003 to June 2004. Materials: The study was done by examining 60 post mortem human thyroid glands, age ranging from 7 to 67 years. The glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in the morgue of Dhaka Medical College and Sir Salimullah Medical College under the department of Forensic Medicine. Methods: The collected sample were grouped in to three age groups including group A(0-20 years), group B (21-50 years) and group C (>50 years). The presence, variation of position of the pyramidal lobe and its relation with levator glandulae thyroideae were studied. Result: The pyramidal lobe was found in 16 of 60 thyroid glands in different age groups and situated more on the left side than the right. In 9 cases, levator glandulae thyroideae were found. All extended from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone. Key words: Pyramidal lobe; levator glandulae thyroideae; thyroid gland. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6270 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 120-123
Transfusion Pattern of Fresh Frozen Plasma at Medical University Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Adnan SD , Biswas J , Begum HA , Hoque MM , Chowdhury FS
Published: October 2010

This cross sectional study was carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka during the period of November 2008 to April 2009 on patients who received fresh frozen plasma. Relevant information of those patients was noted from the records kept at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. The collected data was statistically analyzed.In this study it was observed that 939 units of FFP were required in BSMMU during study period. 289 patients required these units of FFP. The age of the patients that required FFP ranged from 1 day to 75 years. Among them highest 99 (34.25%) were in the age group1 day to. 10 years. There were178 (61.59%) males and 111 (38.41%) females. Out of 289 patients 111 (38.41%) was B+ve, 86 (29.76%) was O+ve, 66 (22.84%) was A+ve and 26 (08.99%) was AB+ve. According to Rh typing maximum unit 930 (99.04) units were Rh D +ve, 9 units (00.96%) were Rh D-ve. Highest number of FFP Unit 329 (35.04%) was used in day care center in transfusion medicine department. Followed by Gastro-enterology 188 (20.02%), Burn & Plastic surgery 140(14.91%), Paediatrics & allied 106 (11.29%), Rest 176 units by other departments.According to clinical indication highest number of FFP Unit 271 (28.86%) was used for Hemophilia A, followed by CLD 210 (22.36%), Burn140 (14.91%). Distribution of the units of FFP according to rational use it was found that a large number of unit 386 (41%) use was not clinically justified. Study shows 60 (20.77%) patients was not supplied with correct documentation. According to requirement Transfusion Medicine alone uses 35%, other dept of university uses 46%, 19% of unit is supplied to other medical centers. Key words: Fresh frozen plasma; Transfusion; Clinical audit. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6273 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 132-135
Plastic Surgery and the Trauma Patients
Authors: Khundkar SH , Khondoker MS , Awwal R , Hossain SI , Faruquee SMAI
Published: October 2010

A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. 261 patients were included as study population that were referred from Casualty Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital . This population represents 15.94% of the total trauma patients admitted in Casualty Department as emergency patient during the year 2009. Among them male patients were predominant (65.52%). On an average nearly 22 patients treated in a month as emergency patients. Most of the patients were between 30+-40 years and 20+-0 years age group. Aetiology of trauma according to history revealed road traffic accident as the cause in highest number of cases about 42.91% followed by machinery injury 34.86%. 41.76% of the injury managed in hand region which was highest. 34.87% of the patients were managed by flap cover and 49.42% patients required skin graft. Other various plastic surgical procedures were done in rest (15.71%) of the patients. Average hospital stay was 19.34±5.24 days among the admitted patients. Follow up of the patients showed that majority of the patients had full recovery (about 55.55%.) . DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6276  J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 144-149
Neutropenia Following Induction Therapy in acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) and Role of Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Authors: Biswas AR , Begum M , Khan MA , Rahman MJ
Published: October 2010

Context: This study was designed to observe the course of neutropenia that is onset of absolute neutropenia, depth of neutropenia and recovery pattern of neutropenia following induction chemotherapy and effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the course of neutropenia in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. Methods: A total of 34 newly diagnosed, adult, de novo AML patients opted to receive induction chemotherapy were enrolled for this study. All of them were given induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and daunorubicin as per 2+5 protocol. Four of them were dropped from this study; 2 due to early death and 2 due to resistant disease so were treated with early alternative chemotherapy regimen. So the ultimate sample of this study was 30 patients. Out of them 13 were given G-CSF following chemotherapy. Absolute Neutrophil count (ANC) of all patients were followed up until full recovery. Results: The difference in day of onset of absolute neutropenia (day 8 in G-CSF group vs. day 9 in no G-CSF group, P=.078) and number of day to reach nadir (day 11 in G-CSF treated group vs. day 12 in no G-CSF group, P=.688) was not significant between two group. The depth of neutropenia did not differ significantly as well (mean ANC 66/mm3 vs. 102/mm3, P=.184). However, recovery from absolute neutropenia was significantly (4 days) earlier in G-CSF treated patients (day 18 vs. day 22, P<.001). G-CSF treated patients also showed earlier attainment of ANC e"1,000/mm3 (day 20 vs. day 25, P<.001) and ANC e"1,500/mm3 (day 21 vs. day 27, P<.001). Duration of severe neutropenia was significantly shorter (9.6 days vs. 12.8 days P=.001) in G-CSF treated group. Key words: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); neutropenia; Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6278 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 155-160
Review of Rehabilitation of Ischaemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Mahmood K , Hossain MS , Rahman S
Published: October 2010

Rehabilitation of stroke patient is a continuum, starting within days of onset and ending only when it no longer produces any positive effects. Although rehabilitation intervention is important during the acute phase of care, it is secondary to the activities involved in diagnosis and acute medical treatment. However, when a patient has a persisting major continuing impairment, such as hemiplegia with disabilities, the rehabilitation components of care quickly become the main focus of management. Stroke rehabilitation is always done by the patient, rather than to the patient .The major theme of rehabilitation is the enhancement of quality of life of stroke patient. The comprehensive rehabilitation management programme is characterized by a holistic approach and understanding the rehabilitation of the patients who sustain stroke. It is important because it involves virtually all elements of rehabilitation activity and all members of the rehabilitation team. In this article we aim to provide an overview of the area of rehabilitation in the management of ischemic stroke to improve the quality of service for the stroke patients. Key words: Stroke; rehabilitation. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6281 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 169-173
Essential Thrombocytosis: A Case Report
Authors: Uddin MK , Sardar MH , Hossain MZ , Uddin MM , Islam MS , Bhuya MK , Kobir MA , Rahman MJ
Published: October 2010

A 50 year old female presented with, tightness of chest and restlessness. Sometimes difficulties in breathing, headache, insomnia and burning sensation felt in the hands and feet. Initially it appears to be a case of ischaemic heart diseases but finally haematological profile reveals it as 'Essential Thrombocytosis' - a rare disease. Key words: Essential thrombocytosis; clonal disorder; mutation. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6284 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 183-184
Caring for a parent while working for pay in the German welfare regime
Authors: Keck Wolfgang , Saraceno Chiara
Published: October 2010

This article presents the results of a study that addresses the strategies adopted by adult children in employment who bear the main care responsibility for a frail parent. The context of the study is the resources and constraints offered and imposed, respectively, by long-term care policies in Germany. The empirical part is based on 34 in-depth interviews conducted in winter 2007-2008 in Berlin and Brandenburg. Five different care arrangements emerge at the interfaces of family resources and constraints, paid work demands, other family demands and policy options. These represent different ways of dealing with the interference that can occur between work and care, and other dimensions of personal and family life. In the conclusion, against the background of the research findings, the authors discuss the role of the German policy framework for long-term care in terms of its efficacy in providing adequate care and in easing work amily tensions in a context characterised by unequal private resources.
Changes to policies for work and retirement in EU15 nations (1995–2005)
Authors: Hamblin Kate A.
Published: October 2010

’’Active ageing’’ policies have been presented as a potential panacea for the conflict between generations many argue will result from demographic ageing. Indeed, as part of a new intergenerational contract, older individuals (here defined as those aged 50-64) are expected to re-engage with, and remain in, the labour market longer. However, this implies all individuals experience the same policy mix. This study uses micro-level data to address changes to work and retirement policies for older individuals from 1995 to 2005, and the resultant alterations to the degree of choice in terms of labour market participation different sub-groups within this age cohort had. The data demonstrate that the policy shift towards ’’active ageing’’ is not universally applied to all older individuals as some retain the ability to early exit from the labour market. Thus the notion of a single intergenerational contract is overly simplistic and neglects a great deal of intragenerational difference.
MIESTO KOMPOZICIJOS SAMPRATOS KLAUSIMU
Authors: Grunskis Tomas
Published: October 2010

Summary A city nowadays has become a really complex and multi-layered structure containing the features of a phenomenon. It is a formation that has transformed or forced to rethinking many “standardized” urbanistic theories and approaches. By its shape and content it is a dynamic, constantly changing and multiple system related to other larger urban structures forming larger-scale urbanized networks. Due to such peculiarities, the city and its aesthetic qualities can no longer by judged and defined by the categories of the 19th and 20thcenturies. Its issues and problems have long ago trespassed the boundaries of a single scientific discipline. Nevertheless, the issue of urban aesthetics and composition still remains very relevant, especially bearing in mind recent global socio-cultural conditions and the related urban unification, as, following the intense wave of urbanization, many Lithuanian towns, with the capital Vilnius preeminently, have changed a lot, both on “the outside” (cityscape) and “the inside” (local visual perception) within the last decade. Many examples of such recently transformed towns in Lithuania just testify the fact that the issue of aesthetics and composition has been almost or totally ignored in further developing or newly shaping the centers of such towns. By exploring quite a large number of foreign and Lithuanian sources of urban theory and examples of urban space and composition analysis (these are presented in the attached bibliography), the article author aims at reviewing and analyzing the categories of urban composition, its theoretical approaches and insights. This text is a presentation of interim results of the larger research. Some thesises and concepts have been also presented in different scientific conferences and publications, in the Lithuanian and English languages. Santrauka Analizuojant daug užsienio ir Lietuvos urbanistikos teorijos literatūros šaltinių ir urbanistinės erdvės (Urban Space) bei kompozicijos analizės pavyzdžių, pateikiamų šio straipsnio literatūros sąraše, apžvelgiamos ir analizuojamos urbanistinės (arba miesto) kompozicijos kategorijos, teorinės nuostatos bei sampratos. Šiame tekste pateikiami tarpiniai didesnio tyrimo rezultatai. Kai kurios jo tezės ir nuostatos buvo paskelbtos mokslinėse konferencijose bei mokslinėse publikacijose lietuvių ir anglų kalbomis.
IRACIONALUMO APRAIŠKOS XX A. UŽSIENIO IR LIETUVOS ARCHITEKTŪROJE
Authors: Mačiulis Algimantas M.
Published: October 2010

The paper analyses irrationality as an expression of modern architecture, overviews the concept of irrational architecture. Various art and philosophical trends, that influenced the development of architecture in the 20th century, are analysed. Influences of global and Lithuanian analogues of irrational architecture on the development of architectural styles are presented. Since the concept of irrational architecture hasn’t been widely analysed, the paper suggests several approaches of analysis of irrational forms in architecture. The author arrives at the following conclusions:

– Irrationality is an opposite expression of rationality, pragmatism, posityvism, technicist morphology. It’s based on deconstruction, indetermination, roughness, dramatic expression, etc.

– The effect of irrationality can be obtained by two ways: using decorations, ornaments, polichromy, and using deformations of forms and constructions.

– Irrational trends in architecture are caused by several factors. Philosophical trends such as reliatyvism, irrationalism, intuityvism, psychoanalysis, deconstructyvism, and art trends such as cubism, symbolism, expressionism, art deco, surrealism, etc.

– Irrational trends in global and Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century can be noticed in art nouveau, art deco, organic, late modern, postmodern, deconstructyvist architectural styles.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje analizuojamas iracionalumas kaip šiuolaikinės architektūros meninės išraiškos forma, aptariama iracionalumo sąvoka architektūros mene. Taip pat charakterizuojamos sociokultūrinės prielaidos, filosofinės, meno srovės, dariusios įtaką iracionalumo požymiams architektūroje. Nagrinėjami pasauliniai ir Lietuvos iracionaliosios architektūros analogai, apžvelgiamos iracionalumo apraiškos stilistinėje architektūros raidoje.
Les sociologies de la musique de Max Weber et Georg Simmel : une théorie relationnelle des pratiques musiciennes
Authors: Pedler Emmanuel
Published: October 2010

Résumé Il a fallu attendre plus de trente ans pour que les rsgm (Die rationalen und soziologischen Grundlagen der Musik) commencent une carrière internationale. Trois décennies après la publication aux usa de la première traduction de ce texte énigmatique, le rythme de circulation du texte s’est accéléré pour dépasser, au tournant du xxi e  siècle, un seuil significatif, celui des relectures constructives, dépassant les simples restaurations contextualisées. On se propose dans ce texte – qui constitue le premier volet d’une recherche en cours – d’entreprendre un réexamen de ces théories en s’attardant sur les travaux de Weber et Simmel (sa première sociologie de la musique de 1882) qui développent plusieurs consonances théoriques et se complètent de manière remarquable. Alors que les sociologies de la culture du xx e  siècle peinent à renouveler leur pouvoir explicatif et à lever de nouveaux terrains empiriques, les premières sociologies de la musique semblent avoir été pensées pour résister à l’épreuve du temps. Leur relecture nous engage à ouvrir de nouveaux chantiers.
Y a-t-il une sociologie possible de l'œuvre musicale ? Adorno et au-delà
Authors: Menger Pierre-Michel
Published: October 2010

Résumé Quelle contribution la sociologie peut-elle offrir à l’analyse des œuvres musicales ? J’examine d’abord le projet d’Adorno de déchiffrer la substance sociale des œuvres. Dans son programme systématique, sa sociologie est déterministe, normative et anti-empirique, et apparaît impraticable. Ses apports originaux viennent de ses monographies, et notamment de l’essai sur Mahler. La sociologie de l’œuvre proposée ici est celle de la variabilité de l’organisation du travail créateur. Et l’œuvre n’acquiert les caractères d’un bien durable qu’en étant conçue comme un bien intermédiaire indéfiniment transformé.
Note de synthèse bibliographique : les nouvelles perspectives en sociologie de la musique
Authors: Prévost-Thomas Cécile
Published: October 2010

Résumé Cette note de synthèse bibliographique se propose d’examiner les travaux qui ont émergé en sociologie de la musique dans la dernière décennie pour en dégager les nouvelles problématiques et les perspectives prometteuses.
Sociologie analytique, mécanismes et causalité : histoire d'une relation complexe
Authors: Berger Nicolas
Published: October 2010

Résumé La littérature contemporaine sur les mécanismes, en particulier la sociologie analytique, soutient l’idée selon laquelle le concept de mécanisme repose sur celui de cause. L’article se propose d’étudier l’origine de cette association en analysant les textes de quatre auteurs classiques de la sociologie mathématique des années 1950 et 1960 – Coleman, Fararo, Karlsson et Simon. La première partie montre que la littérature contemporaine sur les mécanismes adopte la conception « générative » de la causalité développée par certains philosophes des sciences réalistes dans les années 1960. La deuxième partie défend l’idée selon laquelle l’usage du concept de mécanisme suppose l’idée de causalité en sociologie mathématique ainsi que l’adhésion au principe de l’individualisme méthodologique. En guise de conclusion, l’article insiste sur la proximité entre le programme de recherche de la sociologie mathématique d’antan et celui la sociologie analytique contemporaine.
La capitalisation immobilière des espaces verts dans la ville d'Angers
Authors: Choumert Johanna , Travers Muriel
Published: October 2010

Résumé L’expansion continue des zones urbaines françaises au détriment des zones rurales et naturelles devrait logiquement accroître le besoin en espaces verts de la part des citadins. Afin de déterminer si ces espaces verts sont capitalisés dans les valeurs immobilières, nous employons la méthode des prix hédonistes appliquée à la ville d’Angers sur la période 2004-2005. Nous améliorons le modèle traditionnel en utilisant différentes métriques paysagères calculées à l’aide d’un système d’information géographique. Nous observons en particulier que la distance par rapport aux espaces verts ainsi que leur densité sont des facteurs importants dans les choix de localisation résidentielle.