bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a sorption-metabolic feed additive in a poultry farm
Authors: Popova O. S.
Published: May 2024

In order to study the possibility of using a sorption-metabolic feed additive for poultry and assessing its metabolic activity, randomized controlled studies were carried out in a poultry farm located in the Leningrad region. The object of the study were chickens of the Cobb-500 cross, from which groups No. 1 (control, n = 57) were formed, in which the chickens received only the main diet (OR, mixed feed), No. 2 (n = 55) - in addition to the OR, they were given feed additive “Bubitan TM” and No. 3 - (n=60), where a combination feed additive and a sorptionmetabolic feed additive (SMFA) were specified. The results obtained were subjected to statistical processing using specialized PC programs. In this case, the arithmetic mean and its standard error were determined, and the intergroup difference was assessed using the student’s t test. In addition, the absolute (AP) and relative (RR) increase in body weight of the bird was calculated. The results obtained showed that the sorptionmetabolic feed additive does not have a negative effect on the body of broiler chickens. It is advisable to use both feed additives under study to correct metabolism. However, as the results of the study showed against the backdrop of the SMKD garden, there is a higher safety of birds and growth potential than when using a comparable product. Thus, the sorption-metabolic feed additive developed by the staff of the department of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of St. Petersburg State University of Medicine and LLC "EcoGroup" (Russia) does not have a harmful effect on the body of broiler chickens and is acceptable for use in poultry farming as a means for optimizing metabolism and leveling its disorders, for stimulating growth and increasing the safety of poultry.
Production tests of a sorption feed additive for rainbow trout
Authors: Popova O. S. , Alеkhin Yu. N.
Published: May 2024

Against the backdrop of intensification of aquaculture technologies, the severity of deterrent factors is increasing; among the most relevant in this issue, the quality of feed should be noted, the low level of which creates the risks of feed poisoning, metabolic disorders and the initiation of disease development. In the conditions of fish farms, research was carried out to study the safety and effectiveness of using a sorptionmetabolic feed additive for fish, developed by employees of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of St. Petersburg State University of Internal Affairs and EcoGroup LLC (Russia). The object of the study was rainbow trout, which during the growing period for 60 days received feed with the specified additive. Statistical processing of the results obtained using the Statistica 8.0 program included the calculation of the arithmetic mean and its standard error (M±m), and the intergroup difference (p) was assessed using the student’s t test. The results of the study showed that the developed feed additive does not have a negative effect on the fish body, and its use eliminates the occurrence of metabolic disorders and the development of liver and kidney pathologies, the risk of which increases with the intensification of aquaculture technology. Against the backdrop of giving a new feed additive, not only does the weight and body size of the fish increase, but its growth potential during periods of further cultivation increases. Thus, the developed sorption-metabolic feed additive is harmless to fish, has a positive effect on their growth and development, and reduces the risks of metabolic disorders and the development of pathologies. All this provides grounds for the use of this feed additive in aquaculture.
The content of aflatoxin M1 in the milk of cows from Turkish farms: the effect on milk quality and the effectiveness of mycotoxin binding by a claybased adsorbent
Authors: Yilmaz D. A.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk from Holstein-Friesian cows on local farms located in two different cities in Turkey, to investigate the effect of this mycotoxin on milk quality and seasonal variation, and to investigate the efficacy of a commercial clay-based binder. As part of the study, milk samples from 144 dairy cows were analyzed for the presence of AFM1 prior to the use of a clay-based toxin binder. As a result of this analysis, 26.9% of milk samples from individual animals had AFM1 levels exceeding the U.S. permissible limit of 0.5 µg/kg. In addition, AFM1 was detected in 36.5% of winter and 18.6% of summer milk samples. The presence of AFM1 caused a decrease in milk fat, dry matter, and protein levels. The affected animals were further divided into two groups: control group (n = 14) and experimental group (n = 26). The animals of the experimental group were fed 25 g/animal of clay-based binder toxin daily. The treatment group showed a gradual decrease in AFM1 levels by 24.4% on day 4 and 48.9% on day 7. In addition, the fat, non-fat solids, and protein content of milk increased significantly. As a result, a high level of AFM1 contamination in milk was detected, which can be assumed to negatively affect the quality of milk production. The use of clay-based toxin binders may be an effective method to improve milk quality and protect animal and consumer health.
Production of fish feed by the aquaponic method
Authors: Maxim E. A. , Yurin D. A. , Gneush A. N. , Tletseruk I. R. , Skamarokhova A. S.
Published: May 2024

Aquaponics is one of the most efficient agricultural production systems; however, there is limited data on its level of effectiveness. The purpose of the research was to study the germination of wheat grain as aquaponic food for herbivorous fish in an aquaponic installation. The experimental production of aquaponic food for herbivorous fish grown in polyculture (carp, grass carp, black carp, silver carp) was studied by the method of wheat grain germination. In an aquaponic device, you can not only grow plants, but also germinate their seeds before planting in the ground. Water is saturated with oxygen due to continuous flow (3.5% more than in a pool without an aquaponic device). This is a positive factor for the growth of fish and energy savings while reducing the duration of the oxygen generators. In addition, the use of an aquaponic device provides favorable conditions for growing plants and fish with a significant reduction in the cost of installation of structures and a decrease in the cost of its operation. An increase in the germination of wheat grain during its germination in an aquaponic installation by 2.0% was established; increase in the length of sprouts during germination - by 27.5%; root length - by 32.2%; increase in the content of crude protein – by 2.2%; vitamin B2 - by 6.1%; carotene – by 4.6%. Hydroponic feed safety indicators were within the limits of sanitary and hygienic standards. The results of this study for the production of hydroponic feed for herbivorous fish directly in the fish farm show that in the production of valuable fortified vegetable environmentally safe feed, it is advisable to use the aquaponic method using water saturated with nutrients.
The effect of the probiotic drug "Ecoflor" on the proteolytic activity of the sterlet intestine
Authors: Tarleva A. F. , Mikryakov D. V. , Zhandalgarova A. D.
Published: May 2024

The effect of the probiotic preparation "Ecoflor" on proteolytic activity of the intestinal mucosa and chyme of sterlet was studied. This probiotic is a consortium of strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria: B. bifidum, B. longum and L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. plantarum, immobilized on carbon-mineral sorbent SUMS-1. For the experiment, fish were divided into 4 groups: control and three experimental groups. Experimental groups of fish were given feed with probiotic in the amount of 2, 4, 6 g/kg of feed. Sampling was carried out before the beginning of the experiment, on 7, 14, and 21 days. Material for the study was taken from 5 individuals from each group. To obtain enzymatically active preparations, fish intestines were freed from fat and dried on ice bath glass. After incision, the chyme was collected with a spatula and scraper, then the mucous membrane was removed. The total proteinase activity was calculated by the ratio of the difference between the spectrophotometer readings of the sample with substrate and the blank sample to the product of the intestinal weight (g) by the incubation time (min) EA = ΔE425/(g×min). Determinations were performed in three repetitions. Data analysis showed the stimulating effect of the preparation on proteolytic activity. The maximum increase in enzymatic activity in the experimental groups compared to the control group was recorded on the 7th day of the experiment. A more significant increase in proteolytic activity of the intestinal mucosa compared to chyme was found. At the beginning of feeding, the stimulating effect of the preparation was found in all experimental groups compared to the control. In further observation periods the effectiveness of the probiotic significantly decreased.
Optimization of the protocol for the assembly of recombinant adenoassociated serotype 2 viruses for the delivery of African swine fever virus genes into mammalian cells
Authors: Galeeva A. G. , Efimova M. A. , Zakirova E. Yu. , Khammadov A. G. , Khisamutdinov A. G. , Garipov L. N. , Mingaleev D. N. , Ravilov R. K.
Published: May 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease of theSuidaefamily representatives, the mortality rate in primary foci of which reaches 100 %. To date, no specific means of preventing ASF have been developed. Despite the fact that researchers have proposed various methods for creating candidate vaccines against ASF, the issue of developing alternative antigenic variants with low reactogenicity and high immunogenicity is still relevant. It is known that the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus, a potential tool for delivering ASF virus target genes into mammalian cells, is influenced by many factors, in particular, the cell line, expression system, cell culture conditions after transfection, and the quality of the initial plasmid DNA. This work presents the results of optimization of the assembly protocol for recombinant AAV2 carrying the major capsid protein gene of the ASFVB646Las a model cargo. During the research, it was established that the protocol used allows to achieve a veritable virus titer of (2.45 ± 0.17) × 107 viral particles per μl, while the share of fully assembled viral capsids accounts for up to (79.3 ± 2.3) % of all genomic copies. When assessing the potential cytopathogenic effect of recombinant AAV2 on target cells (SPEV, porcine MSCs), it was found that high MOI (up to 10,000 viral particles per cell) does not lead to an increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells. The functionality of the developed AAV2-based construct was confirmed: in the lysates of transduced cells, the mature p72 protein with a molecular weight of 73 kDa was detected, specifically reacting in a western blot with hyperimmune pig serum. Our data confirm the potential of AAV2 as a tool for delivering ASF virus genes into porcine cells, which makes it a promising basis for the design of candidate vaccines.
Anatomical and topographic substantiation of various accesses to the proximal epiphysis of the tibia
Authors: Rybalkin S. M. , Shchipakin M. V. , Melnikov S. I.
Published: May 2024

One of the most frequently performed accesses in the practice of an orthopedic veterinarian is access to the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. Access to the proximal epiphysis of the tibia is necessary in many cases of treatment of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in cats and dogs and can be used in such surgical pathologies. The aim of the study was to consider options for surgical access to the proximal epiphysis of the tibia to perform osteosynthesis of fractures according to the Salter–Harris type, and osteotomy leveling the slope of the tibial plateau (TPLO) with anatomical and topographic justification. The study was conducted in the Network of veterinary centers "Kotonai" and the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The object of the study was dogs of small and medium breeds in the number of twelve individuals. The average age of the patients ranged from 6 months to 12 years. The study involved 5 intact females and 7 intact males. The average weight at the time of the study ranged from 2.5 to 21.0 kg. In the process of collecting the life history of all patients, the presence of chronic diseases, allergies and infectious diseases is excluded. The initial examination of the animal included: collection of anamneses of life and illness, general clinical examination, thermometry, neuroorthopedic examination, auscultation of the heart and lungs, X-ray examination under sedation. General clinical examination, thermometry and auscultation of the heart and lungs did not reveal pathological changes in all cases. According to the results of the study, it was found that there were no severe postoperative complications requiring repeated treatment in the studied patients. With the observance of clear anatomical and topographic landmarks in the formation of accesses, a good understanding of the anatomy of the medial and cranial surfaces of the tibia, visualization in the wound during surgical interventions (osteosynthesis of SalterHarris fractures, TPLO osteotomy) in the area of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia is convenient and safe.
Calculation of reference intervals for indicators of thyroid hormones and cortisol in horses
Authors: Vasileva S. V. , Karpenko L. Yu.
Published: May 2024

The article discusses the results of calculating reference intervals for thyroid hor mones and cortisol in adult horses. The study included the results of a laboratory study of the concentrations of total triiodothyronine, total and free thyroxine and cortisol from 50 horses aged 3 to 29 years, including 17 mares, 13 stallions and 20 geldings. All animals underwent an extensive biochemical blood test, the results of which revealed no pathological changes.To calculate the normative limits of fluctuations for each hormone, calculations were carried out using the Tukey method, which is used to determine the reference limits in the case of a small number of variants in the group and the absence of a normal distribution. Microsoft Excel was used for calculations. The conducted studies made it possible to clarify the reference intervals for thyroid hormones and cortisol in horses, which were: total triiodothyronine (T3) - 1.13-4.04 nmol/l, total thyroxine (T4) - 20.97-57.42 nmol/l, free thyroxine (fT4) 7.38-23.07 pmol/l, cortisol – 39.42-227.02 nmol/l. The results obtained can be recommended for use not only for the clinical and biochemical laboratory of St. Petersburg State University of Medicine, but also for all veterinary laboratories using diagnostic test systems for enzyme immunoassay of Vital Development Corporation.
Molecular-oriented therapy of lung tumors in animals with BRAF mutations – possibilities and limitations of the method
Authors: Nazarova A. V. , Kuznetsova T. Sh. , Semenov B. S. , Kolodyazhny P. A.
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer (LC) is malignant epithelial tumors that differ in origin, histological structure, clinical course, and treatment results. Lung cancer ranks first in terms of male morbidity in Russia, and in terms of mortality in the world. In animals, LC is diagnosed much less frequently, but with an increase in the number of animals kept in cities, the incidence of LC increases, since companion animals are exposed to the same risk factors as humans. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 43 animals (28 cats and 15 dogs) admitted to the VEGA veterinary clinics for treatment in the period from 2020 to 2023. The criterion for the inclusion of animals in the study was a tumor process in the thoracic cavity and lungs, diagnosed by instrumental and laboratory methods. High-dose intravenous chemotherapy, which is used in humans, is ineffective in the treatment of LC in animals, therefore, it is necessary to search, develop and introduce into clinical practice targeted drugs that will be effective in animals. Since the most widely used group of targeted drugs in human medicine are low-molecular kinase inhibitors that act on the corresponding molecular target in the tumor, the development of molecular genetic methods available for practical use by veterinary oncologists for the study of tumor cells in animals is relevant in veterinary medicine. The choice of treatment methods and prognosis depend on the stage of the disease, therefore, the issue of introducing biomarkers of various types and stages of oncological processes into veterinary practice deserves research. Also, to improve the effectiveness of treatment, it is recommended to conduct research and develop a lung cancer staging scale for cats.
The role of LEP R25C polymorphism in the predisposition of cows to ketosis
Authors: Sabetova K. D. , Lemyakin A. D. , Chaitskiy A. A. , Schiogolev P. O. , Metlyaev N. Yu. , Badanina L. S. , Dudikhin A. S. , Kochueva N. A.
Published: May 2024

In conditions of intensification of the dairy cattle industry, persistent stress of metabolic processes in the cow's body can lead to metabolic disorders and the development of ketosis. Scientists have established the genetic susceptibility of cows to ketosis. The available data allow us to consider the leptin gene (LEP) as one of the candidate genes. The purpose of the study is to carry out an associative analysis of the predisposition to ketosis of Kostroma cows of different genotypes according to the leptin gene. The research was carried out in 2022-2023 yy on clinically healthy and highly productive fresh cows of third lactation and higher of the kostroma breed (n=167) in pedigree farms of the Kostroma region. In animals in the postpartum period, the content of ketone bodies in the blood was determined by express method and the RT-PCR genotypes were determined by the R25C locus of the LEP gene. Groups of cows were formed depending on the content of ketone bodies in the blood: 1st – 0-1.2 mmol/l (healthy), 2nd – above 1.2 mmol/l (subclinical ketosis). It was found out that among the experimental cows of the Kostroma breed, the CT genotype is characterized by the highest frequency. The almost complete absence of differences in the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood between carriers of different LEP genotypes from group 1 was determined. At the same time, among the animals of the 2nd group, the highest level of ketone bodies in the blood was observed in heterozygous animals, whereas carriers of the CC and TT genotypes did not differ from each other in this indicator. Heterozygous animals classified as subclinical ketosis had the highest average ketone concentration in the blood with the highest coefficient of variation (Cv=51.6%), which indicates a pronounced influence of other genetic factors. Thus, the role of LEP R25C polymorphism in the predisposition of cows to ketosis disease has not been established in this sample of animals, but may be supplemented by the influence of other factors, these hypotheses need to be tested in a larger sample and in other breeds of cattle. These data can be used to conduct such exploratory studies, such as the research of complex genotypes of genes that cause predisposition of cattle to ketosis.
The effect of carbetocin on the mammary gland of pigs
Authors: Filatov A. V. , Minin A. V.
Published: May 2024

Carbetocin (deamino-1-monocarba-(2-Omethylthyrosine)-oxytocin) refers to a prolonged-acting, synthetic analogue of oxytocin, has pharmacodynamic properties similar to natural oxytocin. Drugs containing carbetocin have been used in the pathology of childbirth and the postpartum period. However, there is limited information in the literature on the effect of this pharmacological agent on the mammary gland of animals. The aim of the presented experimental work was to study the effect of carbetocin on the mammary gland of sows in the postpartum period. The studies were performed on the main sows in the early postpartum period. According to the principle of analogues, the animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental and control. Carbetocin was parenterally administered to sows of the experimental group at a dose of 0.07 mg with an interval of 24 hours, and uterotonic agents were not used in the control group. In animals of the experimental group, the time of induced secretion of breast secretions after administration of cabetocin was recorded. The concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum (milk) of all studied animals was determined using a Brix refractometer. It was found that after carbetocin injection, the average duration of excretion of mammary gland secretions in sows had no significant differences during 1 and 2 days after delivery and amounted to 363.00±8.40 and 355.50±8.51 minutes, respectively. Its free release in animals occurs within 4-7 hours after administration of a prolonged oxytocin analog. The use of carbetocin in sows in the postpartum period does not lead to an increase in the amount of immunoglobulins in colostrum or transitional milk, regardless of the proportion of the mammary gland. At the same time, a significant decrease in immune proteins is recorded after 24 hours to the initial level.
Domaniç Köylerinde Doğum, Düğün ve Ölüm Gelenekleri
Authors: Kartal Gökhan
Published: May 2024

Bireyin hayatında “doğum, düğün ve ölüm” olmak üzere üç ana geçiş bulunmaktadır. Bu dönemler sadece basit olaylar olmanın ötesinde, gelenekler ve inançlarla örülü özel süreçlerdir. Bu süreçler, bebeğin ve annenin korunması, evliliğin kutlanması ve yas tutulması gibi amaçlarla, toplumun kimliğini ve değerlerini yansıtmakta, aile ve toplum bağlarını güçlendirmekte ve kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılarak kültürel mirasın korunmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu gelenekler, Anadolu'nun kültürel zenginliğinin korunmasında önemli bir rol oynamaya devam etmektedir.

Bu çalışmada; sözlü tarih yöntemi kullanılarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin kurulduğu coğrafya Domaniç bölgesinde yaşayan tecrübeli kişilerle görüşmeler yapılmış, asırlar boyu kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılan Türk kültür izleri, bölgenin doğum, düğün ve ölüm gelenekleriyle ortaya konularak ilim dünyasına katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Investigating the Relationship between Employees’ Green Knowledge, Green Service behavior and Environmental performance in the Hotel Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Karmoker Kajol , Muhtadee Noor Nazifa , Azharul Islam Sayed , Amin Kona Farhana , Afrin Jamim Asifa , Roy Brito , Kumar Paul Ripon
Published: May 2024

As environmental issues gain more attention around the world, businesses are beginning to adopt more eco-friendly methods with an eye towards better environmental performance. The paper's primary purpose is to examine the relationship between employees’ green knowledge, green service behavior and environmental performance in the hotel industry of Bangladesh. A total of 393 employees working in Bangladesh's hotel industry participated in the study. Data collected through self-administered survey questionnaire was analyzed through using SPSS version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel. The study found that all the three independent variables including employees’ green knowledge, employees’ in-role green service behavior and employees’ extra-role green service behavior have a positive and substantial impact on environmental performance. The findings can provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the hotel sector, guiding investment decisions and promoting eco-friendly practices. They might be benefitted by developing insights regarding the most crucial environmental performance issues in the hotel industry of developing country like Bangladesh. The current study successfully and significantly covers the literature gap by drawing a connection between employees’ in-role green service behavior as well as extra-role green service behavior with the environmental performance. This research concludes that organizations like the hotel industry, which is highly responsible for environmental degradation, can design green policies and practices to promote employee environmental knowledge and employee green service behavior, and thus attain sustainable goals in the future.
Luxury and Fashion Marketing: A New Wave in the Sea of Marketing
Authors: Kudapali Jyothi , S Sathvik , Gouda A. Thimmana
Published: May 2024

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to present a systematic literature review pertaining to luxury and fashion marketing, how the brands are influencing customers in purchasing in this regard authors have made an humble attempt to trace out the basic issues involved in luxury and fashion marketing to summarise the existing works which helps to identify the important research gaps which help to address future research studies.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Authors have used content analysis method to organize the literature review pertaining to luxury and fashion marketing, by closely examining the research articles available in this domain. Besides, authors have used inclusion and exclusion criteria to select the research articles. The articles has been collected from repute journals like Sage, Emerald insights, articles published in leading marketing journals and data bases like Ebsco host is used to collect the published works. Findings of the Study: It was observed that a conceptual framework has to be developed to examine closely how luxury brands are influencing the consumer buying behavior, but still it remain unclear. The review presents the concept of luxury and fashion marketing, influence of brands on purchase decisions and also made an attempt to depict models and theories available from previous studies. The classification of research work helps us to understand the current trends and patterns of research in luxury and fashion marketing. Finally, article helps to identify research gap in luxury and fashion marketing also helps to structure the direction for future research works in luxury and fashion marketing. Shortcomings/Implications of the study: Authors of the article suggest that conceptual dimensions should be included in further studies, in this article only existing works get reviewed and implications of the study helps academicians and scholars to conduct the research, managers of companies can use key facts and principle findings of the study as base for developing their marketing strategies. Originality/ Value: The present article provides a comprehensive knowledge about luxury and fashion marketing and also helps to understand the current status of research work and works done so far in this domain.
Method for Determining Radioresistance of Cancer Cell Lines Based on Cluster Analysis of Clonogenic Cell Survival Data
Authors: Wannouss M. , Semel V. D. , Golyshev G. G. , Goltsov A. N.
Published: May 2024

Background: The outcome of radiation therapy, the duration and quality of life of cancer patients significantly depend on the radiosensitivity (RS) of a cancerous tumor, and the duration of the patient’s relapse-free period is largely determined by the degree of its radioresistance (RR). Today the results of molecular mechanism investigation of cancer radioresistance and the classification of cancer cells according to their radiophenotypes mostly contribute to improving prognosis methods of treatment outcomes and increasing effectiveness of radiation therapy. In this work, we developed a classification method of cancer cells according to their radiosensitivity using machine learning based on the data analysis of clonogenic cell survival under ionizing radiation.
Material and methods: The method consists of clustering parameters of experimental dose-effect relationships, which were approximated using the equation of a linear-quadratic (LQ) model, which is used to evaluate RS of cancer cells in radiobiology. The training of the statistical model included published experimental dataset of 96 cancer cell lines, for which parameters a, b and their ratio a/b of the LQ model were determined. Classification of cancer cells according to their radiosensitivity was carried out based on principal component analysis (PCA) in the parameter space (a, a/b), k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering methods.
Results: Application of the developed statistical model to a large dataset of cancer cells made it possible to reliably separate radiosensitive and radioresistant (RR) cells into two clusters according to the parameters a and a/b. Application of the model to cancer cells with acquired RR, in which RS was suppressed as a result of exposure to irradiation or hypoxia, allowed tracing the shift of parent cells’ parameters from the RS cluster to the RR cell cluster. To study the genetic mechanisms of radiosensitivity, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the mutation distribution in genes encoding proteins in the cellular signalling pathways of cancer cells, i.e. proliferation, apoptosis, repair of damaged DNA molecules and antioxidant defence cellular system.
Conclusion: The developed statistical model of radiophenotypic classification of cancer cells based on their radiosensitivity can be used in the development of radiation therapy treatment plans taking into account radiosensitivity of patient’s tumour. The model may be also helpful in a joint analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cancer cells, aiming at the elucidation of the molecular and genetic mechanisms of radiosensitivity and development of biomarkers of radioresistance.
Development of Solutions Based on Computer Simulation for Quantitative SPECT/CT
Authors: Denisova N. V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: In modern nuclear medicine, an ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) iterative algorithm is used to obtain images by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) method. At the same time, the problem of choosing the stopping iteration number at which the solution will be as close as possible to the exact value has not been solved. The purpose of this work is to study the problem of stopping the OSEM algorithm.
Material and methods: The studies were carried out using the method of mathematical modeling based on the software package “Virtual Platform for Simulation Testing of the SPECT/CT Method”. Computer experiments simulated SPECT/CT with 99mTc phosphotech of a patient with metastatic lesion of the posterior segment of the third rib. The stopping criterion of the iterative OSEM algorithm was studied to obtain a solution that is quantitatively closest to the exact value of the accumulated activity at the tumor.
Results: In computer modeling experiments, the tumor dependent Pearson chi-square test was shown to provide a solution that should give correct values for the SUVmean score. However, further research is needed on this important problem to determine how strongly the number of iterations depends on the size of the tumor and the amount of activity accumulated in it.
Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that in the SPECT method, in order to move to accurate quantitative estimates of the accumulated activity in the tumor, it is necessary to develop a tumor-oriented stopping criterion for iterative algorithm. If there are several tumors, the stopping iteration numbers for them may differ. Further research on this important issue is planned.
Selection of Key Socio-Economic Factors for Establishing Relese Criteria Patients after Radioioidine Therapy
Authors: Glotova I. V. , Trukhin A. A. , Ryzhov S. A. , Kiselev K. D.
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To assess the association between socioeconomic factors and release criteria after iodine-131 radionuclide therapy in different countries.
Material and methods: 15 countries and 104 socioeconomic characteristics were selected for the study. The association between characteristics and the residual activity level at which a patient may be released for different countries was established according to the value of Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r>0.3). A linear regression model was constructed for the selected characteristics using Microsoft Excel analysis package. The model was used to calculate the acceptable activity level at which a patient may be released for Russia.
Results: A fundamental difference between the model used for calculation of release criteria after radionuclide therapy with iodine-131 in Russia and the model recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission was shown: the use of the effective half-life in the second one. Replacing the physical halflife by the effective half life allows increasing the discharge criteria of patients after therapy with Na131I by 30 %. A moderate correlation was found between the value of acceptable activity at patient discharge after radioactive iodine therapy and the following socioeconomic characteristics: scientific activity (r=0.32), quality of higher education (r=0.36), Global Health Security Index (r=0.34), length of roads (r=0.36), population growth rate (r=0.36), average housing area (r=0.38), and average salary per year (r=–0.33). A linear regression was constructed using the factors listed above. The following recommended value of activity and effective dose rate at patient discharge from hospital was obtained: 0.6 GBq and 30 µSv/hour.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the release criteria for radioactive iodine therapy used in the Russian Federation (0.4 GBq and 20 µSv/h) do not correspond to the standard of living achieved in Russia, which is reflected by the socio-economic factors considered in the paper. The proposed arguments raise the task of revising the currently used model with a consequent increase in the discharge criteria. It was observed that the release criteria in the world are independent of some factors that are directly related to population exposure. The need to develop a unified objective algorithm for establishing release criteria, which takes into account different socio-economic status of states and can be applied for different radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals, including innovative ones, has been identified.
Revolutionizing Engagement: How AI is Transforming the Digital Marketing Landscape
Authors: Kim Oanh Vo Thi
Published: May 2024

This thorough examination delves into the ways in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the landscape of online advertising. AI plays a role in tailoring ads to individual preferences, generating dynamic content, and utilizing chatbots to enhance customer interaction. Through the use of data and automation, AI optimizes advertising campaigns and enhances overall efficiency. However, it is important to consider the ethical implications of AI. The study emphasizes the need to closely monitor potential biases in algorithms and anticipate job displacement due to automation. To harness the full potential of AI, the study provides practical advice to marketers. This comprehensive analysis highlights AI as a powerful catalyst for change in online advertising, urging stakeholders to navigate its potential and challenges in order to build a successful future.
Virtual Power Plant and Microgrid Control Integration for Campus Environments with Wind Solar Pumped Hydro and Biomass Energy
Authors: Mainuddin Shirbadagi
Published: May 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of integrating renewable energy sources, focusing on wind, solar, Pumped Hydro and biogas, into power systems. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) with an Energy Management System (EMS) offer a promising solution for managing these distributed resources. The VPP model, utilizing mixed integer linear programming (MILP) in GAMS and solved with CPLEX, optimizes net daily profit within a 24-hour interval. This approach efficiently allocates resources, maximizes profitability, and ensures stable energy supply, addressing the challenges posed by variable renewable energy outputs. The MILP model is formulated using linear equations and inequalities within GAMS, with the CPLEX solver being effective for handling large-scale linear programming tasks. The model is based on real-world data, including market variability, weather forecasts, and demand patterns, and can be optimized for better decision-making in VPP operations, ultimately maximizing profits while ensuring a stable and sustainable power supply.
Chat Kanoon: A Novel Approach to Legal Assistance in India
Authors: Ayan J. Shaikh
Published: May 2024

This paper presents ChatKanoon, an innovative multilingual AI chatbot tailored for the Indian legal system. Utilising advanced language models like GPT-4 and Llama2 70B, ChatKanoon employs instructional techniques rather than traditional model fine-tuning, to provide contextually relevant legal advice. This approach addresses critical challenges in India's legal sector, including limited access to legal information, high service costs, and the scarcity of specialised guidance. ChatKanoon's development involved using a diverse array of legal documents and case laws, which enabled the chatbot to deliver precise and reliable legal information. The paper describes the application of instructional techniques in guiding language models, the process of dataset utilisation, and the development of an intuitive chatbot interface. ChatKanoon is positioned as a tool to democratise legal information, making it more accessible and affordable, thereby enhancing the efficiency of legal procedures in India. The paper concludes by discussing the current limitations and future potential of ChatKanoon, along with the broader impact of AI-driven legal assistance tools in developing countries. ChatKanoon exemplifies the transformative role of AI in the legal domain, with the potential to revolutionise legal aid in India and beyond.
Optimizing Osteoporosis Classification through Femur Bone Volumetric Estimation with Deep Belief Network in X-ray Imaging
Authors: C. Suresh
Published: May 2024

The accurate classification of osteoporosis is a crucial requirement in the medical field for identifying patients with skeletal disorders associated with aging. Achieving improved accuracy and reduced computational complexity in classification algorithms is essential. To address this, our research proposes a novel classification method utilizing the Hybrid Gradient Particle Swarm (HSG) Optimization-based Deep Belief Network, integrating the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm into the Gradient Descent (GD) algorithm. The osteoporosis classification process comprises five key steps: Preprocessing, Active Shape Model-based Segmentation, Geometric Estimation employing the proposed template search method, Feature Extraction for extracting medical and image-level features, and Osteoporosis Classification using the HSG-based Deep Belief Network. The proposed template search method efficiently and automatically updates the geometric points of the femur segment. Experimental validation using a real-time database demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The results indicate an accuracy of 0.9724, affirming the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in making precise decisions regarding osteoporosis classification.
Participation in anti-authority protests and vulnerability to radicalisation
Authors: Morgan Anthony , Cubitt Timothy , Voce Isabella
Published: May 2024

Using data from a large, national survey of online Australians, we examined the presence of risk and protective factors for cognitive and behavioural radicalisation among individuals who participated in an anti-authority protest since early 2020. Our results show that antiauthority protesters exhibited more risk factors and fewer protective factors for cognitive and behavioural radicalisation than other respondents, including people who had participated in protests in support of other issues or movements. They were also more likely to justify violence in support of their cause and willing to support or participate in violent or unlawful behaviour on behalf of their group. These findings show that people who participated in anti-authority protests were more vulnerable to radicalisation when compared with other protesters and non-protesters. Our results have implications for responding to protest movements that promote anti-government sentiment, that spread disinformation and that are exploited by malicious actors.
A inteligência artificial seria mesmo artificial? Uma releitura do conceito de inteligência a partir das noções de extensão e de conectividade
Authors: Borges Junior Eli
Published: May 2024

Este artigo pretende apresentar uma crítica da expressão “inteligência artificial” (IA), apontando-lhe possíveis inadequações e aporias. Para isso, dedica-se a algumas possibilidades de releitura da IA a partir da noção de “extensão humana” de M. McLuhan e, sobretudo, da ideia de “conectividade” de M. Di Felice, aqui concebida como a capacidade de entes humanos e não humanos de estabelecer conexões em um dado ecossistema. Partindo dessa leitura, no âmbito de tecnologias estocásticas como o ChatGPT, um sistema inteligente seria aquele capaz de ampliar suas conexões e, com isso, de transformar-se continuamente: assim, em vez de ruídos ou focos de instabilidade, as mudanças geradas por novas conexões atuariam como elementos decisivos e mesmo necessários ao próprio aprendizado do sistema.
English Proficiency and Cultural Competence for Tourism Professionals in The Globalized Tourism Industry
Authors: I Gede Astawa  , Eka Anastasia Wijaya
Published: May 2024

As the travel and tourism industry becomes increasingly globalized, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become critical for professionals working in the sector. While previous research has established the importance of English language proficiency, questions remain regarding best practices for skills development. This study aims to explore the role of English proficiency for tourism professionals in the current era of globalization. Specifically, it examines strategies for improving language skills and considers the necessity of cultural competence training. A literature review was conducted analyzing peer-reviewed research on English language training programs, cultural awareness development, and the impacts of communication competencies. Gaps in existing knowledge were identified regarding training evaluation, longitudinal proficiency impacts, and links to business outcomes. The results of the study found that English functions as the lingua franca facilitating interactions between diverse travelers. Proficiency allows professionals to serve customers while cultural competence fosters understanding. Specialized training focusing on skills and sensitizing professionals is important. However, research on specific method efficacies, integrating cultural awareness, varied contexts, and proficiency-performance relationships remains limited. This study conclude that English proficiency and cultural competence are essential for tourism professionals in today's global environment. While their value is established, further empirical study of training best practices, longitudinal impacts, and relationships to tangible outcomes is warranted. Addressing gaps can optimize skills development approaches and business performance.
The Effect of Intensity of Exercise on Appetite and Food Intake Regulation in Post-Exercise Period: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Jahan-mihan Alireza , Magyari Peter , O. Pinkstaff Sherry
Published: May 2024

Introduction: To examine the effect of intensity of exercise on post-exercise appetite in young males.Methods: This study was a randomized cross-over design. Subjects completed three interventions in 3 sessions in a random order for 30 min: 1) Moderate intensity exercise (MI), 2) High intensity exercise (HI), and 3) Sedentary controls (SD). At each session, male subjects (n=8, age 21.8 ± 2.1 years, BMI 21.8± 1.4) completed one of the interventions and after 30 min, they were instructed to eat pizza ad libitum. Food intake was measured. Desire to eat and feeling of fullness were also evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaires. Plasma glucose, insulin, PYY and ghrelin were measured.Results: Calorie consumption after MI was higher than after HI. Desire to eat was stronger right after exercise in MI compared with HI, while it was stronger right after meal in HI compared with MI. Plasma insulin was higher after meal in SD than MI and higher in MI than HI. Plasma ghrelin was higher in SD compared with MI and HI after meal.Conclusion: Exercise intensity influenced appetite and food intake in post-exercise period. Food intake was lower after high intensity exercise compared with others.
Applicability of Ratings of Perceived Exertion as a Measure of Subjective Fatigue in First Responders: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Toczko Michael , Boolani Ali , Martin Joel
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Many researchers use Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) as an indicator of subjective fatigue. Recent findings suggest that energy and fatigue are two distinct unipolar moods.
Methods: Eleven first responders (FR) participated in a 90-minute strenuous exercise battery where they ended the protocol by completing a graded VO2max test where they were asked to perform until volitional fatigue, measured through RPE. Subjective feelings of mental energy (ME) and fatigue (MF) and physical energy (PE) and fatigue (PF) were measured before the beginning of the protocol and right after. Data was not normally distributed and presented in median and interquartile ranges. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for RPE, post mood state, and changes in mood states.
Results: Participants’ self-reported RPE at the conclusion of the VO2max test was 18.27 [18.00,19.00]. Post PE (r=-0.012, p=0.97), PF (r=-0.036, p=0.92), ME (r=-0.13, p=0.69), and MF (r=0.43, p=0.19) displayed insignificant correlations with RPE. Similarly, insignificant correlations were observed between changes in PE (r=0.26, p=0.44), PF (r=0.46, p=0.15), ME (r=0.35, p=0.30), MF (r=-0.43, p=0.19), and RPE. Five participants reported an increase in feelings of PE (15.00 [13.00,19.00]) and seven participants reported lower feelings of PF (-12.00 [-19.50,-8.00]) post assessment. Seven participants reported improvements in ME (22.00 [8.00,68.00]) and three reported a reduction in MF (-13.00 [-27.00, -7.00]).
Conclusions: Our findings suggests that self-reported RPE may not be a reliable measure of subjective fatigue in FR populations during acute strenuous exercise. Further our findings support previous work that ME, MF, PE, and PF are four distinct unipolar moods, and researchers seeking to assess fatigue in FR should use RPE with caution as it seems to be a measure of subjective perception of exercise intensity instead of a true measure of subjective fatigue.
Comparative Analysis of E-Business Implementation in Service Companies (Case Study of PT. Gojek and PT. Grab Indonesia)
Authors: Nasution Amanda Damayanti , Putri Helva Diansyah , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
Published: May 2024

The implementation of an E-Business strategy increases the advantages of a business. The online motorcycle taxi service is also an application of e-business to a business where initially motorcycle taxis were only available at certain posts, but now the motorcycle taxi service can be used only by ordering via a smartphone. This study aims to determine how the comparison of companies that offer services as their products in implementing E-Business. This type of research method is qualitative by using descriptive methods and taking secondary data. The results of this study show that the concept used by online motorcycle taxis Go-Jek and Grab is the same, because these two companies offer the same services and have the same target, but the only difference is the number of services they offer and the customer satisfaction they provide. give, based on research results that Grab enthusiasts are more used than Go-Jek even though the services offered by Go-Jek are more. This online motorcycle taxi is here to make it easier for people to use motorcycle taxi services anytime and anywhere.