bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flora do Espírito Santo: Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae)
Authors: Martins Erika Ramos , Lima Letícia Ribes de , Cordeiro Inês
Published: December 2017

Resumo Phyllanthus, com cerca de 1.270 espécies, é pantropical, mas também ocorre em regiões temperadas de todo o planeta. No Brasil são registradas cerca de 100 espécies, que ocorrem em florestas, cerrados, campos e nas caatingas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a taxonomia das espécies do gênero ocorrentes no estado do Espírito Santo. Para cada uma delas é indicada a coleções tipo, descrição, ilustração, chave de identificação, distribuição geográfica, período de floração e frutificação, além de comentários sobre caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos.
Alcohol consumption and factors associated with binge drinking among female university students of health area
Authors: Mendonça Ana Karina Rocha Hora , Jesus Carla Viviane Freitas de , Figueiredo Maria Bernadete Galrão de Almeida , Valido Daisy Pereira , Nunes Marco Antonio Prado , Lima Sonia Oliveira
Published: December 2017

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption and the prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking among university students of health-related courses in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed of 865 female students from two universities in the Brazilian Northeast. The instruments used were the AUDIT and a questionnaire used to collect sociodemographic data. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used, with statistical significance set at p-value < 0.05. Results: Risky alcohol consumption was evidenced in 16.4%, while the prevalence of binge drinking was 48.0%. Binge drinking was strongly associated with drunk driving (OR = 12.24) and living in a conflicting family environment (OR = 6.33). Binge drinking was a constant in students who engaged in fights, those who had problems with the law and among smokers. Conclusion: The high prevalence of risky alcohol consumption, binge drinking and the association of these with risky behaviors in students serve to guide future public policies on prevention.
Construcción sociodemográfica en Córdoba (Argentina): cambios de las estructuras sociales en el territorio y su impacto en la demanda de hábitat urbano
Authors: Boccolini Sara María
Published: December 2017

Resumen Se reconstruyó la situación de Córdoba (Argentina) en cuanto a tendencias sociodemográficas en el territorio en un escenario futuro tendencial a corto plazo, para definir las diferentes demandas de hábitat urbano actuales. Se combinaron variables demográfico/territoriales de información censal oficial, junto con variables de hábitos de vida y de consumo relevados de informes específicos realizados por consultoras públicas y privadas. Esto se complementó con un análisis sociológico basado en la revisión de bibliografía específica. Se detectaron procesos simultáneos de macrocefalia y contraurbanización, así como cambios en estructuras familiares y estilos de vida característicos de la dialéctica entre transición una condición demográfica avanzada y los procesos propios del neoliberalismo posmoderno actuales.
Nijmegen Cochlear Implantation Questionnaire (NCIQ): tradução, adaptação cultural e aplicação em adultos usuários de implante coclear
Authors: Santos Nathália Porfírio dos , Couto Maria Inês Vieira , Martinho-Carvalho Ana Claudia
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente para o Português Brasileiro o Nijmegen Cochlear Implantation Questionnaire (NCIQ) e descrever os resultados de qualidade de vida em adultos. Método Tradução e adaptação cultural do NCIQ. Depois desta etapa, foi realizado um estudo transversal e clínico de avaliação da qualidade de vida em um grupo de 24 adultos usuários de implante coclear (IC). Resultados O título do questionário na versão traduzida para o Português Brasileiro foi definido em Questionário Nijmegen de Implantes Cocleares (NCIQ-P). A versão traduzida do questionário NCIQ-P apresentou boa consistência interna para todos os domínios existentes no questionário (0,78). Os resultados de qualidade de vida em adultos demonstraram que os domínios mais pontuados foram o social e o físico, sendo os subdomínios percepção básica e avançada os de maior pontuação. Não foi observada correlação entre gênero e tempo de uso do dispositivo para os domínios e subdomínios existentes no questionário. Conclusão A tradução e adaptação cultural do NCIQ-P sugeriu que o instrumento é válido e útil para o uso clínico e de pesquisa em adultos usuários de IC e falantes do Português Brasileiro.
Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of maize plants treated with aqueous extracts from nonmycorrhizal weeds
Authors: Melo Karla Andréia de , Carrenho Rosilaine
Published: December 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of aqueous extracts of nonmycorrhizal weedy species on dry matter accumulation and assimilate partitioning of maize plants, with or without Cetraspora pellucida inoculation. The experiment was carried out in pots, in a completely randomized design, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement consisting of four plant extracts (purple nutsedge, guinea-hen weed, slender amaranth, and knotweed), a control irrigated with water, and two conditions (mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize plants), with four replicates of each treatment. Plants were irrigated with aqueous extracts diluted at 15%. Root colonization (RC), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and RDM/SDM were evaluated. Root colonization was not influenced by the extracts, and ranged from 41.5 to 65.2%. Shoot dry matter of mycorrhizal (AM) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants was not influenced by the extracts; however RDM showed varying responses. Mycorrhization favored the production of RDM, and increased plant sensitiveness to the extracts. Guinea-hen weed extract increased RDM of AM plants, while the other extracts inhibited it. In NM plants, the production of RDM was benefited by slender amaranth extract, to the detriment of SDM. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal maize plants respond differently to aqueous extracts of nonmycorrhizal weeds.
Identifying drought events in sugarcane using drought indices derived from Modis sensor
Authors: Picoli Michelle Cristina Araujo , Duft Daniel Garbellini , Machado Pedro Gerber
Published: December 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of several spectral indices, used on moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (Modis) images, in identifying drought events in sugarcane. Images of Terra and Aqua satellites were used to calculate the spectral indices, using visible (red), near infrared, and shortwave infrared bands, and eight indices were selected: NDVI, EVI2, GVMI, NDI6, NDI7, NDWI, SRWI, and MSI. The indices were calculated using images between October and April of the crop years 2007/08, 2008/09, 2009/10, and 2013/14. These indices were then correlated with the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI), calculated for 1, 3, and 6 months. Four of them had significant correlations with SPEI: GVMI, MSI, NDI7, and NDWI. Spectral indices from Modis sensor on board the Aqua satellite (MYD) were more suited for drought detection, and March provided the most relevant indices for that purpose. Drought indices calculated from Modis sensor data are effective for detecting sugarcane drought events, besides being able to indicate seasonal fluctuations.
Temperature changes in soil covered by black oat straw
Authors: Zwirtes Anderson Luiz , Reinert Dalvan José , Gubiani Paulo Ivonir , Silva Vanderlei Rodrigues Da , Mulazzani Rodrigo Pivoto , Somavilla André
Published: December 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different amounts of black oat (Avena strigosa) straw covering soil surface on soil temperature at different depths. The treatments consisted of 0, 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha-1 straw. Soil temperature was measured hourly by a thermocouple inserted at different depths (0, 5, 15, 30, and 50 cm) and was used to adjust an equation correlating the temperature of covered soil with that of bare soil. With the correlations, it was possible to observe a point value of temperature (inversion temperature of straw effect), below which the presence of straw acts positively on the maintenance of soil temperature and above which the presence of straw acts negatively on soil heating.
POLÍTICAS SOCIALES Y ORGANIZACIONES POPULARES EN ARGENTINA (2003-2011): mediación social y movilización política en los barrios periféricos de Buenos Aires
Authors: Trenta Arnaud
Published: December 2017

El artículo se inscribe en los debates en torno a las rupturas y continuidades entre los gobiernos nacionales argentinos de las últimas décadas a partir del análisis de las políticas sociales focalizadas de lucha contra la pobreza. La investigación examina particularmente las relaciones entre las organizaciones sociales y el Estado durante los dos primeros gobiernos kirchneristas (2003-2011) y se focaliza en la ejecución de un programa de inclusión social denominado “Ingreso Social con Trabajo”, que apunta a la creación de cooperativas de trabajo en barrios carenciados. Los resultados de la encuesta empírica exhiben cierta continuidad en el diseño y la implementación de las políticas sociales entre los años 1990 y 2000 a través del modelo de transferencias condicionadas de ingreso. De igual manera, ilustra una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre las clases populares y el Estado a través de la alianza política entre el gobierno nacional y las organizaciones sociales.
Construção e validação de vídeo educativo para orientação de pais de crianças em cateterismo intermitente limpo
Authors: Lima Marília Brito de , Rebouças Cristiana Brasil de Almeida , Castro Régia Christina Moura Barbosa , Cipriano Maria Aneuma Bastos , Cardoso Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão , Almeida Paulo César de
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar vídeo educativo para orientação de pais de crianças em cateterismo intermitente limpo. Método: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em duas etapas: construção e validação de vídeo com juízes expertises no período de março a dezembro de 2016. A construção da tecnologia teve como referencial teórico a Teoria de Adaptação. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se do índice de correlação intraclasse. Resultados: A primeira versão do vídeo foi composta por 12 minutos, a validação indicou a substituição de termos técnicos por linguagem coloquial, dinamismo nos diálogos e menção à lavagem das mãos antes de reunir o material. No que se refere à confiabilidade total, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para todas as categorias avaliadas obteve o valor de 0,768, considerado razoável. Na avaliação de clareza de linguagem, pertinência à prática e relevância teórica, os resultados foram 0,745, 0,771 e 0,777, respectivamente, considerados razoáveis, com p<0,0001. Conclusão: O vídeo educativo mostrou-se válido quanto à aparência e ao conteúdo, com potencial para mediar práticas educativas em contexto hospitalar e ambulatorial.
Potato Anthocyanin Extraction and Purification v1
Authors: Liu Fang , Yang Yuanjun , Gao Jianwei , Ma Changle , Bi Yuping
Published: December 2017

Potato tubers (250 g) were washed with distilled water and smashed in 500 mL of a mixturecontaining 50% alcohol and 1.6% citric acid. The resulting mixture was filtrated twice and centrifuged at 4000 rpm. The supernatant was transferred into a column filled with the pretreated macroporous resin AB-8 for 6 h, and the pigments absorbed in AB-8 were eluted with 95% alcohol. The eluate was concentrated with rotary evaporator at 30 °C and dried in vacuo for 12 h.
Isolation of RNA from blood and RT-PCR for detection of live Brucella organisms in cattle v1
Authors: Raj Sugandha , Mohan Saxena Hari
Published: December 2017

Isolation of RNA from blood and RT-PCR for detection of live Brucella organisms in cattle is described here
Analisis Perbandingan Algoritma Decision Tree (C4.5) Dan K-Naive Bayes Untuk Mengklasifikasi Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Tingkat Universitas
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi , Setyanto Arief , Fattah Hanif Al
Published: December 2017

Profile of PMB (New Student Admissions) students from several periods have abundant data that can be used for research. The data is in the form of student information from the majors of origin, NEM and majors now. Classifying the PMB profile data of students at the University level in Yogyakarta can know the majority of learners. Comparing some algorithms is needed to find out the best algorithm. Classification is a grouping algorithm that has several algorithms such as Decision Tree (C4.5) and K-Naive Bayes. Decision Tree (C4.5) is an algorithm with decision tree, while K-Naive Bayes is the likely algorithm that will occur. This analysis uses Rapidminer which is a data analysis software with features of several algorithms that are easy to operate. Both algorithms have results with large data of 1504 students, Decision tree (C4.5) has an accuracy of 81.84% and an error accuracy of 18.16%, while K-Naive Bayes 85.12% and accuracy of error 14.88%. Whereas with smaller data the Decision tree (C4.5) has 100% accuracy whereas K-Naive Bayes has the same accuracy as Decision Tree (C4.5) that is 100%.
Once Upon a Time Was Last Night
Authors: Breen Sally
Published: December 2017

A short story: "Sometimes it feels as if I could leech out into nothing, pull a string — just to see what happens. I rarely think before I act and I always act before I speak. Sometimes I act and never speak again."
Literature as Olympic Event?: Understanding the Scoreboard for Australian Women's Writing
Authors: Bode Katherine
Published: December 2017

"...there is a degree of overlap between my watching of the Olympics and an increasingly prominent means of understanding and advocating for women in literature: metrics regarding women’s representation."
Review of Walking in Berlin: A Flaneur in the Capital by Franz Hessel
Authors: Ackland Michael
Published: December 2017

A review.
PROFISSIONAIS DA TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO [TIC] E A OPERACIONALIZAÇÃO DOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS: Um Estudo Sobre Suas Dificuldades de Compreensão dos Conceitos e Teorias Contábeis
Authors: Kehl Stephanie Maria , Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Schvirck Eliandro , Almeida Lauro Brito de
Published: December 2017

Em um mundo dominado pela Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), os praticantes profissionais de contabilidade não podem abrir mão do suporte do profissional de TIC, na concepção, modelagem, desenvolvimento e implantação dos sistemas de informações contábeis. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as dificuldades dos profissionais de TIC, em compreender os conceitos e teorias contábeis, fundamentais para o desenvolvimento e operacionalização dos sistemas de informações contábeis. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário enviado para os profissionais de TIC vinculados às doze empresas desenvolvedoras de softwares de contabilidade no estado do Paraná. Retornaram 34 questionários válidos da pesquisa. Entre os principais achados: (i) dificuldade dos profissionais de TIC nas atividades de geração de relatórios e demonstrativos contábeis; (ii) geração de arquivos e declarações; (iii) dificuldades com os cálculos dos impostos. Os achados sugerem que os profissionais da TIC necessitam de treinamento em temas específicos de contabilidade - legislação trabalhista e tributária, normas, padrões internacionais, cálculos e apurações de impostos – como requisito fundamental para desenvolverem suas atividades com maior eficiência e eficácia, melhorando as relações entre os profissionais da TIC e os profissionais de contabilidade.
The Effect of Company Size, Company Age, Public Ownership and Audit Quality on Internet Financial Reporting
Authors: Abdullah Maulida Dewi Firdaus , Ardiansah Muhammad Noor , Hamidah Nurul
Published: December 2017

This study aims to examine the effect of company size, company age, public ownership, and audit quality toward Internet financial reporting on companies listed in Indonesia Sharia Stock Index (ISSI). This study uses secondary data from the financial statements issued by each company for the period 2015 and a report published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Logistic regression analysis model is used to analyze the data. The result of the research shows that IFR is influenced positively and significantly by company size, company age and public ownership indicating that the higher company size, company age and public ownership of a company, the higher the company's opportunity to do IFR. Meanwhile, IFR is influenced positively but not significant by audit quality, this because there are 60 companies that audited by non big ten accounting firms but doing IFR and there are 12 companies that audited by big ten accounting firms but not doing IFR. The influence of the four variables on IFR is 67,8%.
Variation in Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Mycoplasma Gallisepticum and Avipoxvirus in Nine Species of Birds with Differential Access to Feeders
Authors: Vana Emily R. , Wrobel Elizabeth R. , Wilcoxen Travis E.
Published: December 2017

Congregation of individuals at high densities is known to increase disease transmission and bird-feeding activities are specifically aimed at attracting many birds to a single location. We surveyed nine potential host species for evidence of infection by each Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Avipoxvirus, or avian pox. We also examined differences in pathogen exposure at sites with bird feeders and sites without bird feeders. Finally, we compared prevalence of birds with antibodies against MG and avian pox to those that showed physical signs of infection. To test for pathogen exposure, we used indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We found species-specific disease dynamics, as House Finches Haemorhous mexicanus had a significantly greater likelihood of having antibodies against MG than any other species. Birds at sites with feeders were more likely to have antibodies against MG. Birds at sites with feeders were no more likely to have antibodies against avian pox, but seroprevalence of avian pox did differ significantly among species. Overall, our findings suggest differential exposure and immune responses to each pathogen among species and that feeders increase the exposure of individuals to MG but not to avian pox, offering valuable new insights into the role of bird feeding activities in disease transmission among birds.
The Rising Incidence of Gout and the Increasing Burden of Comorbidities: A Population-based Study over 20 Years
Authors: Elfishawi Mohanad M. , Zleik Nour , Kvrgic Zoran , Michet Clement J. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Bongartz Tim
Published: December 2017

Objective.

To examine the incidence of gout over the last 20 years and to evaluate possible changes in associated comorbid conditions.

Methods.

The medical records were reviewed of all adults with a diagnosis of incident gout in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, during 2 time periods (January 1, 1989–December 31, 1992, and January 1, 2009–December 31, 2010). Incident cases had to fulfill at least 1 of 3 criteria: the American Rheumatism Association 1977 preliminary criteria for gout, the Rome criteria, or the New York criteria.

Results.

A total of 158 patients with new-onset gout were identified during 1989–1992 and 271 patients during 2009–2010, yielding age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of 66.6/100,000 (95% CI 55.9–77.4) in 1989–1992 and 136.7/100,000 (95% CI 120.4–153.1) in 2009–2010. The incidence rate ratio was 2.62 (95% CI 1.80–3.83). At the time of their first gout flare, patients diagnosed with gout in 2009–2010 had higher prevalence of comorbid conditions compared with 1989–1992, including hypertension (69% vs 54%), diabetes mellitus (25% vs 6%), renal disease (28% vs 11%), hyperlipidemia (61% vs 21%), and morbid obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2; 29% vs 10%).

Conclusion.

The incidence of gout has more than doubled over the recent 20 years. This increase together with the more frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions and cardiovascular risk factors represents a significant public health challenge.
Stephen Jarislowsky – L’investisseur à l’éthique d’acier
Authors: Auger Claudine , Girard Martin
Published: December 2017

Quand il vous regarde, ses yeux bleus perçants et un peu rieurs vous étudient. D’ailleurs, un seul mensonge risque de vous rayer de son monde à tout jamais. Stephen Jarislowsky a lu les grands philosophes et les classiques de la littérature, qu’il cite à l’occasion lorsqu’il discute. Toujours maître de la firme Jarislowsky Fraser du haut de ses 92 ans, il incarne la rigueur, le travail acharné et le succès. Parcours étonnant d’un intellectuel milliardaire.
Mythes économiques ‒ En finir avec les idées reçues en économie, de Bertrand Blancheton
Authors: Jézéquel Myriam
Published: December 2017

Cet ouvrage est une salutaire démystification de douze idées économiques qui courent comme autant de vérités solidement ancrées. Bertrand Blancheton, professeur de sciences économiques à l’Université de Bordeaux, apporte son démenti économique en soumettant les mythes à l’épreuve implacable des faits. Extraits.
Influence of a Compression Garment on Average and Local Changes in Unit Pressure
Authors: Kowalski Krzysztof , Karbowski Krzysztof , Kłonowska Magdalena , Ilska Anita , Sujka Witold , Tyczyńska Magdalena , Włodarczyk Błażej , Kowalski Tomasz Marek
Published: December 2017

On the basis of models developed and experimental studies, the impact of a compression garment on average and local changes in unit pressure was analysed. The study was based on the analysis of the results of 3D scans of selected parts of female and male bodies. It was found out that surface pressure exerted by the compression garment leads to some changes in the geometry of body circumferences and in their lengths and, consequently, to a change in the average pressure value, as well as local changes along the circumference. The main purpose of this work was to estimate the size of these changes in the example of selected parts of female and male bodies.
Analyzing the Magnetopause Internal Structure: New Possibilities Offered by MMS Tested in a Case Study
Authors: Rezeau L. , Belmont G. , Manuzzo R. , Aunai N. , Dargent J.
Published: December 2017

We explore the structure of the magnetopause using a crossing observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on 16 October 2015. Several methods (minimum variance analysis, BV method, and constant velocity analysis) are first applied to compute the normal to the magnetopause considered as a whole. The different results obtained are not identical, and we show that the whole boundary is not stationary and not planar, so that basic assumptions of these methods are not well satisfied. We then analyze more finely the internal structure for investigating the departures from planarity. Using the basic mathematical definition of what is a one‐dimensional physical problem, we introduce a new single spacecraft method, called LNA (local normal analysis) for determining the varying normal, and we compare the results so obtained with those coming from the multispacecraft minimum directional derivative (MDD) tool developed by Shi et al. (2005). This last method gives the dimensionality of the magnetic variations from multipoint measurements and also allows estimating the direction of the local normal when the variations are locally 1‐D. This study shows that the magnetopause does include approximate one‐dimensional substructures but also two‐ and three‐dimensional structures. It also shows that the dimensionality of the magnetic variations can differ from the variations of other fields so that, at some places, the magnetic field can have a 1‐D structure although all the plasma variations do not verify the properties of a global one‐dimensional problem. A generalization of the MDD tool is proposed.
On the Origins of the Intercorrelations Between Solar Wind Variables
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E.
Published: December 2017

It is well known that the time variations of the diverse solar wind variables at 1 AU (e.g., solar wind speed, density, proton temperature, electron temperature, magnetic field strength, specific entropy, heavy‐ion charge‐state densities, and electron strahl intensity) are highly intercorrelated with each other. In correlation studies of the driving of the Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system by the solar wind, these solar wind intercorrelations make determining cause and effect very difficult. In this report analyses of solar wind spacecraft measurements and compressible‐fluid computer simulations are used to study the origins of the solar wind intercorrelations. Two causes are found: (1) synchronized changes in the values of the solar wind variables as the plasma types of the solar wind are switched by solar rotation and (2) dynamic interactions (compressions and rarefactions) in the solar wind between the Sun and the Earth. These findings provide an incremental increase in the understanding of how the Sun‐Earth system operates.
Linear Array Ambient Noise Adjoint Tomography Reveals Intense Crust‐Mantle Interactions in North China Craton
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yao Huajian , Liu Qinya , Zhang Ping , Yuan Yanhua O. , Feng Jikun , Fang Lihua
Published: December 2017

We present a 2‐D ambient noise adjoint tomography technique for a linear array with a significant reduction in computational cost and show its application to an array in North China. We first convert the observed data for 3‐D media, i.e., surface‐wave empirical Green's functions (EGFs) to the reconstructed EGFs (REGFs) for 2‐D media using a 3‐D/2‐D transformation scheme. Different from the conventional steps of measuring phase dispersion, this technology refines 2‐D shear wave speeds along the profile directly from REGFs. With an initial model based on traditional ambient noise tomography, adjoint tomography updates the model by minimizing the frequency‐dependent Rayleigh wave traveltime delays between the REGFs and synthetic Green functions calculated by the spectral‐element method. The multitaper traveltime difference measurement is applied in four‐period bands: 20–35 s, 15–30 s, 10–20 s, and 6–15 s. The recovered model shows detailed crustal structures including pronounced low‐velocity anomalies in the lower crust and a gradual crust‐mantle transition zone beneath the northern Trans‐North China Orogen, which suggest the possible intense thermo‐chemical interactions between mantle‐derived upwelling melts and the lower crust, probably associated with the magmatic underplating during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic evolution of this region. To our knowledge, it is the first time that ambient noise adjoint tomography is implemented for a 2‐D medium. Compared with the intensive computational cost and storage requirement of 3‐D adjoint tomography, this method offers a computationally efficient and inexpensive alternative to imaging fine‐scale crustal structures beneath linear arrays.
Subsidence History and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Western Musandam Peninsula, Oman–United Arab Emirates Mountains
Authors: Ali M. Y. , Aidarbayev S. , Searle M. P. , Watts A. B.
Published: December 2017

Seismic reflection profiles, exploratory well, and outcrop data are used to determine the stratigraphy and tectonic subsidence and uplift history of the western Musandam peninsula. Five major regional megasequences have been recognized: (1) Permian to Late Cretaceous rifted margin sequence, (2) Late Cretaceous Aruma foreland basin sequence that evolved in response to the obduction of the Semail Ophiolite, (3) early–mid‐Cenozoic Pabdeh foreland basin sequence that formed due to orogenic loading associated with the early continent–continent collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates in the Zagros mountains of central Iran, (4) a sequence above the mid‐Miocene unconformity that marks the final stage of continent–continent collision, and (5) a sequence above the late Pliocene unconformity interpreted as tilting due to the latest stage of continent–continent collision. In addition, seismic and outcrop data captured multiple west‐verging and east‐dipping thrust faults associated with the deformation of the Hagab thrust, which causes repetition of the Permian–Mesozoic shelf sequence and the early–mid Cenozoic foreland basin sequence. The tectonic subsidence and uplift derived from backstripping can be explained by a model in which the margin developed by uniform depth extension with an initial age of rifting of 260 Ma and a final age of rifting of 185 Ma. Moreover, the tectonic subsidence indicates two compressional events that commenced at ~94 Ma and ~25 Ma, respectively. These events are attributed to the obduction of the Semail Ophiolite and the culmination of the Musandam peninsula, respectively.
Domain Decomposition Methods and Preconditioning
Authors: Korneev Vadim G. , Langer Ulrich
Published: December 2017

Domain decomposition (DD) methods nowadays provide powerful tools for constructing efficient parallel solvers for large‐scale systems of algebraic equations arising from the discretization of partial differential equations. The classical alternating Schwarz method and the classical substructuring technique have led to advanced overlapping and nonoverlapping domain decomposition solvers (preconditioners), which can be analyzed from a unified point of view now calledSchwarz theory. This survey chapter starts with a brief historical overview, provides the basic results of the Schwarz theory, looks at some overlapping domain decomposition methods (preconditioners) in brief, and discusses more extensively various nonoverlapping domain decomposition techniques. Some recent advances in the development of fast DD algorithms for finite element and isogeometric analysis discretizations of elliptic problems are also described.
Turbulence Closure Models for Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Durbin Paul A.
Published: December 2017

The formulation of analytical turbulence closure models for use in computational fluid mechanics is described. The subject of this chapter is the types of models that are used to predict the statistically averaged flow field – commonly known as Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) modeling. A variety of models are reviewed: these include two‐equation, eddy viscosity transport, and second moment closures. How they are formulated is not the main theme; it enters the discussion but the models are presented largely at an operational level. Several issues related to numerical implementation are discussed. Relative merits of the various formulations are commented on.
Cognitive clinico‐radiological paradox in early stages of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Uher Tomas , Krasensky Jan , Sobisek Lukas , Blahova Dusankova Jana , Seidl Zdenek , Kubala Havrdova Eva , Sormani Maria Pia , Horakova Dana , Kalincik Tomas , Vaneckova Manuela
Published: December 2017

Objective

To investigate whether the strength of the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics and cognitive outcomes differs between various multiple sclerosis subpopulations.

Methods

A total of 1052 patients were included in this large cross‐sectional study. Brain MRI (T1 and T2 lesion volume and brain parenchymal fraction) and neuropsychological assessment (Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test) were performed.

Results

Weak correlations between cognitive domains and MRI measures were observed in younger patients (age≤30 years; absolute Spearman's rho = 0.05–0.21), with short disease duration (<2 years; rho = 0.01–0.21), low Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] (≤1.5; rho = 0.08–0.18), low T2 lesion volume (lowest quartile; <0.59 mL; rho = 0.01–0.20), and high brain parenchymal fraction (highest quartile; >86.66; rho = 0.01–0.16). Stronger correlations between cognitive domains and MRI measures were observed in older patients (age>50 years; rho = 0.24–0.50), with longer disease duration (>15 years; rho = 0.26–0.53), higher EDSS (≥5.0; rho = 0.23–0.39), greater T2 lesion volume (highest quartile; >5.33 mL; rho = 0.16–0.32), and lower brain parenchymal fraction (lowest quartile; <83.71; rho = 0.13–0.46). The majority of these observed results were confirmed by significant interactions (P ≤ 0.01) using continuous variables.

Interpretation

The association between structural brain damage and functional cognitive impairment is substantially weaker in multiple sclerosis patients with a low disease burden. Therefore, disease stage should be taken into consideration when interpreting associations between structural and cognitive measures in clinical trials, research studies, and clinical practice.
Unmet Needs of Aboriginal Australians With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Mixed‐Method Systematic Review
Authors: Lin Ivan B. , Bunzli Samantha , Mak Donna B. , Green Charmaine , Goucke Roger , Coffin Juli , O'Sullivan Peter B.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) conditions are the biggest cause of disability, and internationally, indigenous peoples experience a higher burden. There are conflicting reports about Aboriginal Australians and MSP. We conducted a systematic review to describe the prevalence, associated factors, impacts, care access, health care experiences, and factors associated with MSP among Aboriginal Australians.

Methods

We used a systematic search of quantitative and qualitative scientific and grey literature (PROSPERO# CRD42016038342). Articles were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Due to study heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

Of 536 articles identified, 18 were included (14 quantitative, 4 qualitative), of high (n = 11), medium (n = 2), and low (n = 5) quality. Prevalence of MSP in Aboriginal populations was similar to or slightly higher than the non‐Aboriginal population (prevalence rate ratio 1.1 for back pain, 1.2–1.5 for osteoarthritis [OA], and 1.0–2.0 for rheumatoid arthritis). Aboriginal people accessed primary care for knee or hip OA at approximately half the rate of non‐Aboriginal people, and were less than half as likely to have knee or hip replacement surgery. Communication difficulties with health practitioners were the main reason why Aboriginal people with MSP choose not to access care. No articles reported interventions.

Conclusion

Findings provide preliminary evidence of an increased MSP burden among Aboriginal Australians, and particularly for OA, a mismatch between the disease burden and access to health care. To increase accessibility, health services should initially focus on improving Aboriginal patients’ experiences of care, in particular by improving patient‐practitioner communication. Implications for care and research are outlined.
Design of unknown‐input reduced‐order observers for a class of nonlinear fractional‐order time‐delay systems
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong , Thuan Mai Viet
Published: December 2017

This paper considers the design of reduced‐order state observers for fractional‐order time‐delay systems with Lipschitz nonlinearities and unknown inputs. By using the Razumikhin stability theorem and a recent result on the Caputo fractional derivative of a quadratic function, a sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of the observer error dynamic system is presented. The stability condition is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be effectively solved by using existing convex algorithms. Numerical examples and simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach.
Bioinspired Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators with On–Off Switchable and Color‐Tunable Fluorescence Behaviors
Authors: Ma Chunxin , Lu Wei , Yang Xuxu , He Jiang , Le Xiaoxia , Wang Li , Zhang Jiawei , Serpe Michael J. , Huang Youju , Chen Tao
Published: December 2017

An effective approach to develop a novel macroscopic anisotropic bilayer hydrogel actuator with on–off switchable fluorescent color‐changing function is reported. Through combining a collapsed thermoresponsive graphene oxide‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (GO‐PNIPAM) hydrogel layer with a pH‐responsive perylene bisimide‐functionalized hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PBI‐HPEI) hydrogel layer via macroscopic supramolecular assembly, a bilayer hydrogel is obtained that can be tailored and reswells to form a 3D hydrogel actuator. The actuator can undergo complex shape deformation caused by the PNIPAM outside layer, then the PBI‐HPEI hydrogel inside layer can be unfolded to trigger the on–off switch of the pH‐responsive fluorescence under the green light irradiation. This work will inspire the design and fabrication of novel biomimetic smart materials with synergistic functions.
Room‐Temperature‐Operated Ultrasensitive Broadband Photodetectors by Perovskite Incorporated with Conjugated Polymer and Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Xu Wenzhan , Guo Yikun , Zhang Xiaotao , Zheng Luyao , Zhu Tao , Zhao Dahui , Hu Wenping , Gong Xiong
Published: December 2017

In this work, room‐temperature‐operated ultrasensitive solution‐processed perovskite photodetectors (PDs) with near infrared (NIR) photoresponse are reported. In order to enable perovskite PDs possessing extended NIR photoresponse, novel n‐type low bandgap conjugated polymer, poly[(N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalene diimide‐2,6‐diyl) (2,5‐dioctyl‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione‐5,5′‐diyl)] (NDI‐DPP), which has strong absorption in the NIR region, is developed and then employed in perovskite PDs. By the formation of type II band alignment between NDI‐DPP with single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the NIR absorption of NDI‐DPP is exploited, which contributes to the NIR photoresponse for the perovskite PDs, where perovskite is incorporated with NDI‐DPP and SWCNTs as well. In addition, SWCNTs incorporated with perovskite active layer can offer the percolation pathways for high charge‐carrier mobility, which tremendously boosts the charge transfer in the photoactive layer, and consequently improves the photocurrent in the visible region. As a result, the perovskite PDs exhibit the responsivities of ≈400 and ≈150 mA W−1 and the detectivities of over 6 × 1012 Jones (1 Jones = 1 cm Hz1/2 W−1) and over 2 × 1012 Jones in the visible and NIR regions, respectively. This work reports the development of perovskite PDs with NIR photoresponse, which is terrifically beneficial for the practical applications of perovskite PDs.
Substituted Hantzsch Esters as Versatile Radical Reservoirs in Photoredox Reactions
Authors: Gu Fangjun , Huang Wenhao , Liu Xu , Chen Wenxin , Cheng Xu
Published: December 2017

Substituted Hantzsch esters can act as radical reservoirs in photoredox reactions, steadily releasing a carbon radical and a hydrogen atom radical in the absence of an additional electron acceptor. We propose that radical release by substituted Hantzsch esters occurs via a mechanism involving an internal redox cycle. Cinnamidecinnamides, styrenes, α,β‐unsaturated acids, and diarylethenes could be alkylated smoothly with these reagents.

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Extracting dynamic features with switching models for process data analytics and application in soft sensing
Authors: Ma Yanjun , Huang Biao
Published: December 2017

In recent decades, soft sensors have been profoundly studied and successfully applied to predict critical process variables in real‐time. While dealing with various application scenarios, data‐driven methods with representation learning possess great potentials. Latent features are formulated in these approaches to predict outputs from correlated input variables. In this study, a probabilistic framework of feature extraction is proposed in the context of process data analysis. To address switching behaviors in industrial processes, multiple emission models are utilized to construct latent space. To address temporal correlations from continuously operating processes, a dynamic model is implemented in latent space. Bayesian learning strategy is then developed for parameters estimation, where modeling preferences and uncertainties from multiple models are considered. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed feature extraction algorithm are illustrated through numerical simulations, as well as an industrial case study. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2037–2051, 2018
Simulation of shale gas transport and production with complex fractures using embedded discrete fracture model
Authors: Yu Wei , Xu Yifei , Liu Malin , Wu Kan , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: December 2017

The goal of this study is to develop a new model to simulate gas and water transport in shale nanopores and complex fractures. A new gas diffusivity equation was first derived to consider multiple important physical mechanisms such as gas desorption, gas slippage and diffusion, and non‐Darcy flow. For complex fractures, a state‐of‐the‐art embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) was implemented. Numerical model is verified against a commercial reservoir simulator for shale gas simulation with multiple planar fractures. After that, a series of simulation studies was performed to investigate the impacts of complex gas transport mechanisms and various fracture geometries on well performance. The critical parameters controlling well performance are identified. The simulation results reveal that modeling of gas production from complex fractures as well as modeling important gas transport mechanisms in shale gas reservoirs is extremely significant. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 64: 2251–2264, 2018
Familial transmission of externalizing syndromes in extended Swedish families
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: December 2017

Risk for criminal behavior (CB), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug abuse (DA) are known to be familial. We know less about their transmission across three generations. We examined 844,109 probands born in Sweden 1980–1990, their parents, aunts/uncles, and grandparents for registration in population‐based registers for CB, AUD, and DA. Mean tetrachoric relative‐proband correlations (95% CIs) were highest for DA (+0.24, 0.24–0.25), followed by CB (+0.23,0.22–0.23) and AUD (+0.17, 0.16–0.17). AUD and CB were relatively stably transmitted across generations, while DA resemblance among relatives was stronger in the younger generations. For all three syndromes, male‐male transmission was modestly stronger than female–female. Cross‐sex transmission was significantly weaker than same‐sex transmission for DA and CB but not AUD. Risk to probands with only an affected grandparent or aunt/uncle were increased 50–60% for CB and AUD, and 70–100% for DA. Parallel figures for affected parents only and parents + grandparent or aunt/uncle were 2–3‐fold and 4–5‐fold for CB and AUD, and 4–5‐fold and 6–7‐fold for DA. CB, AUD, and DA are all substantially familial in the Swedish population with the transmission across three generations stable for CB and AUD but not DA. Modest quantitative sex effects are seen in the familial transmission of CB, AUD, and DA, and qualitative sex effects for CB and DA. Risk prediction in offspring is orderly with affection status in grandparental and avuncular relationships adding appreciably to that from the parental generation.
Emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Rietman André B. , van der Vaart Thijs , Plasschaert Ellen , Nicholson Bethany A. , Oostenbrink Rianne , Krab Lianne C. , Descheemaeker Mie‐Jef , Wit Marie‐Claire Y.de , Moll Henriëtte A. , Legius Eric , Nijs Pieter F.A.de
Published: December 2017

To assess emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1,parents of 183 individuals aged 10.8 ± 3.1 years (range 6‐17) completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Also, 173 teachers completed the Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and 88 adolescents (children from 11 to 17 years) completed the Youth Self‐Report (YSR). According to parental ratings, 32% scored in the clinical range (above the 90th percentile). This percentage was much lower when rated by teachers or adolescents themselves. Scores from all informants on scales for Somatic complaints, Social problems, and Attention problems were significantly different from normative scores. Attentional problems were associated with lower verbal IQ, male gender, younger age, and ADHD‐symptoms. Disease‐related factors did not predict behavioral problems scores. Substantial emotional and behavioral problems were reported by parents, teachers, and to a lesser extent by adolescents with NF1 themselves. Possibly, a positive illusory bias affects the observation of behavioral problems by adolescents with NF1.
Inadequate brain glycogen or sleep increases spreading depression susceptibility
Authors: Kilic Kivilcim , Karatas Hulya , Dönmez‐Demir Buket , Eren‐Kocak Emine , Gursoy‐Ozdemir Yasemin , Can Alp , Petit Jean‐Marie , Magistretti Pierre J. , Dalkara Turgay
Published: December 2017

Objective

Glycogen in astrocyte processes contributes to maintenance of low extracellular glutamate and K+ concentrations around excitatory synapses. Sleep deprivation (SD), a common migraine trigger, induces transcriptional changes in astrocytes, reducing glycogen breakdown. We hypothesize that when glycogen utilization cannot match synaptic energy demand, extracellular K+ can rise to levels that activate neuronal pannexin‐1 channels and downstream inflammatory pathway, which might be one of the mechanisms initiating migraine headaches.

Methods

We suppressed glycogen breakdown by inhibiting glycogen phosphorylation with 1,4‐dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐D‐arabinitol (DAB) and by SD.

Results

DAB caused neuronal pannexin‐1 large pore opening and activation of the downstream inflammatory pathway as shown by procaspase‐1 cleavage and HMGB1 release from neurons. Six‐hour SD induced pannexin‐1 mRNA. DAB and SD also lowered the cortical spreading depression (CSD) induction threshold, which was reversed by glucose or lactate supplement, suggesting that glycogen‐derived energy substrates are needed to prevent CSD generation. Supporting this, knocking down the neuronal lactate transporter MCT2 with an antisense oligonucleotide or inhibiting glucose transport from vessels to astrocytes with intracerebroventricularly delivered phloretin reduced the CSD threshold. In vivo recordings with a K+‐sensitive/selective fluoroprobe, Asante Potassium Green‐4, revealed that DAB treatment or SD caused a significant rise in extracellular K+ during whisker stimulation, illustrating the critical role of glycogen in extracellular K+ clearance.

Interpretation

Synaptic metabolic stress caused by insufficient glycogen‐derived energy substrate supply can activate neuronal pannexin‐1 channels as well as lower the CSD threshold. Therefore, conditions that limit energy supply to synapses (eg, SD) may predispose to migraine attacks, as suggested by genetic studies associating glucose or lactate transporter deficiency with migraine. Ann Neurol 2018;83:61–73
Synthesis and Reactivity of the Phosphorus Analogues of Cyclopentadienone, Tricyclopentanone, and Housene
Authors: Krachko Tetiana , Ehlers Andreas W. , Nieger Martin , Lutz Martin , Slootweg J. Chris
Published: December 2017

The phosphorus analogues of cyclopentadienone, tricyclopentanone, and housene were accessed from bis(cyclopropenyl)diphosphetanedione 3, which was prepared by mixing 1,2,3‐tris‐tert‐butylcyclopropenium tetrafluoroborate (1) and sodium phosphaethynolate [Na(OCP)(dioxane)n]. While photolysis of 3 results in decarbonylation, yielding bis(cyclopropenyl)diphosphene 4 and after rearrangement diphosphahousene 5, thermolysis of 3 leads to phosphatricyclo[2.1.0.0]pentanone 7. Metal‐mediated valence isomerization of 7 and subsequent demetalation provides access to phosphacyclopentadienone 12.