bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban and Rural Settlements Distribution of the Republic of Crimea by Absolute Altitudes
Authors: Tabunshchyk V A , Petlukova E A , Kozlova A T
Published: March 2020

This research focuses on the location of the settlements of the Republic of Crimea by absolute altitudes. The study is relevant as it considers an elevation of a settlement above sea level which is known to be one of the main factors characterizing the degree of national economy development and well-being. The construction conditions and settlements’ functioning are greatly affected by the natural conditions, and accessibility of the settlements significantly decreases economic expenses. The latest geo-informational methods of study such as (Quantum GIS Desktop) and the data provided by the satellite radar surveying (SRTM) helped to analyse the range of the altitudes, within which the settlements of the Republic of Crimea had been set up. It was determined that urban settlements were formed within the range of altitudes between -7 and 553 m (amplitude – 560 m), but rural ones – between -6 and 1216 (amplitude – 1222 m). Also the distribution of the settlements by landscapes has also been analysed. There are 4 landscape-levels (in increasing average absolute altitudes) – hydromorphic, flat interfluve, low mountain and middle mountain levels on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. It is defined that 346 settlements are located in hydromorphic level, 296 settlements – in flat interfluve level, 342 – in low mountain level and 63 – in the middle mountain level. The most developed and populated levels on the territory of the Republic of Crimea turn out to be hydromorphic and low mountain levels due to the favourable natural conditions, with the least developed region being middle mountain landscape level.
Problems of Restoration of Historical Fenestration for Providing the Normalized Parameters of the Microclimate of Premises in Ancient Buildings
Authors: Spiridonov A , Umniakova N
Published: March 2020

The article uses the example of the main building of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. The problems of restoration of fenestration of old buildings with the preservation of historical elements and the creation of modern conditions and parameters of the microclimate were viewed. Also were carried out: visual and instrumental examination of existing fenestration, assessment of their influence on the microclimate of the premises, development of possible variants of their modernization with the maximum preservation of historical details and elements, modeling and calculation of these variants with the use of certified software, selection of optimal variants, as well as the development of recommendations for the restoration of windows and sky lights, ensuring the fulfillment of modern requirements to them. The results of the work will be used to restauration the main building of the museum, which in 2025 will be part of the Museum Neighborhood on Volkhonka Street in Moscow.
To the Issue of Strengthening the Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Slab with Carbon Canvases
Authors: Aralov R , Rimshin V
Published: March 2020

The main issue of the study is the modern ways to improve the bearing capacity of building structures. As one of these methods may be strengthening composite materials. Structural degradation of reinforced concrete structures is largely due to their composite base. The aim of the study is a systematic integrated approach to solving the problem of improving the reliability of structures through the use of composite materials. The main advantages and disadvantages of composites are considered. Their classification by type of reinforcing element is given. The main areas of application of composites in construction – in the composition of plastics, concrete, aluminum panels. Approbation of methodical provisions is carried out by calculation of a reinforced concrete plate (δ=0,3 m) in the program complex of the SCAD PC. The gain calculation was performed by the finite element method. The purpose of the calculation was to observe the stress-strain state of the plate before and after its strengthening, to check the correctness of the external composite reinforcement. The calculation results showed that in the case of composite reinforcement in the plate there is a decrease in vertical deformations (about 1.1%) and tensile stresses (1.5%). Conclusions: the results show the feasibility of using composite materials to improve the bearing capacity of building structures.
Features of the Development of Mansions of Chinese Officials and Merchants in Guangzhou in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Kim A A , Smolianinova T A
Published: March 2020

The article examines the development of one of the least studied types of Chinese-Western architecture of Guangdong province, Guangzhou that is called yanglou. The premises of their appearance are analyzed in the framework of the integration of European culture in China that is especially strongly manifested in the province. The examples of the first yanglou in the historic district of Xiguan are considered. They are dating back to 1900–1910s and still trace the connection with the traditional architecture of the region. The genesis and development of the Dongshan district in 1920–1930s is considered separately. The district is a local rethinking of the “garden city” concept and was created as a model district for the further development of Guangzhou. The Dongshan district presents the greatest number of yanglou, which made it possible to study the change in their stylistic orientation that corresponded to the trends of world architecture.
The Influence of Professional Activities of Railway Engineers on the Development of Architecture in the Far East at the Turn of the 19th-20th Centuries
Authors: Bazilevich M E , Tceluiko D S
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the main directions of professional activity of the following railway engineers: G. V. Adrianov, V. I. Alexandrov, V. A. Barry, F. N. Drozdov, S. V. Ignatius, S. I. Kerbedz, N. A Kruse, S. T. von Offenberg, N. I. Prilezhayev, N. S. Sviyagin, V. M. Trenyukhin, who worked in the Russian part of the Far East and the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) right-of-way in the late 19th - early 20th century. Authors give brief biographical facts, reviews the activities of above-noted engineers in the construction of railways and the infrastructure of the station towns and settlements. Special attention is paid to the influence of the professional activities of railway engineers on the development of the architecture of the region.
Industrial Stylistics as a Figurative Component of the Playground Facilities
Authors: Barsukova N I , Protciuk M V
Published: March 2020

The article traces the manifestation of the industrial style, which appeared mainly in interior projects at the end of the 20th century, in objects of environmental design of urbanized spaces. The main line of research focuses on the possibility of using industrial style in designing objects for a children’s playing environment, with the aim of resolving or compensating for the progressive unification of playing equipment in a modern city. The experimental part of the research is represented by the project proposal - a play object for playgrounds “Degrees” and a game area “Skeleton” made in the industrial style. The results of the study showed that the imaginative solution of such objects of the children’s playing environment has a unique and multi-faceted associative line that allows to stimulate children’s imagination, as well as solve the problem of excessive uniformity of the environment. The stylistic originality of such objects has a semantic meaning not only for the children’s playing environment, but also for the urban environment as a whole, which demonstrates the value of including such objects in the existing urban environment.
Optimal Design of Wall and Ceiling Structures According to the Mechanical Safety and Comfort of the Internal Environment
Authors: Alekseytsev A V , Voronov Yu A , Volchenko T P
Published: March 2020

The article describes an approach to the optimal design of load-bearing structures of walls and ceilings, taking into account not only the factors of strength and stiffness, but also the internal environment of the premises. The problem of optimization of structural systems, taking into account safety, reliability and comfort is currently particularly relevant. Most scientific studies consider each factor separately, which can lead to deterioration of both the functional process in the premises and the onset of the risk of an emergency. An evolutionary modeling scheme is proposed, which operates with discrete sets of parameters and allows to obtain design solutions of minimal cost based on a joint integrated consideration of strength, deformability, thermal protection and acoustic comfort of walls and ceilings. The minimization of the structures cost is assumed as a goal function. Stresses, strains, thermal resistance to heat transfer and the value of airborne sound insulation index are considered as active constraints. Two problem statements are considered. The first one takes into account the design of walls according to the criteria of strength and heat engineering, and the second one is the design of the ceilings with ensuring strength, stiffness and acoustic comfort. Examples of the optimal design of the residential building walls and floors with regard to the conditions considered are given.
Properties of Rocky Rocks in Primorsky Regional Deposits Used to Construct the Infrastructures
Authors: Vavrenyuk S V , Voropaeva G G , Farafonov A E
Published: March 2020

The article contains the analysis and generalization of DalNiis research results regarding the properties of rocky rocks in Primorsky Regional deposits (gabbroides, granodiorites, basalts, porphyrites, limestones) which are most widely used to construct the infrastructural objects: Zvezda Shipyard, Vostochny-Nakhodka Transport Hub, Sea Coal Complex in Sukhodol Bay, Vladivostok – Vostochny Port Highway.

The article presents the main physical & mechanical characteristics of building rock stone for Maly Iosif deposit - Yuzhny section, fields of Smolyaninivo-2, Kuznetsovskoe, Vasilievskoe-2, Vrangelevskoe, Golubinaya Gora, Otkrytoe, Pribrezhnoe, Ferma-1.
The Parameters Ratio in the Strength of Bent Elements Calculations by the Deformation Model and the Ultimate Limit State Method
Authors: Eryshev V A , Karpenko N I , Rimshin V I
Published: March 2020

The relations between the deformation parameters and the forces in the normal section of the bent elements with the actual stress profile in the concrete compressed zone and the conventional rectangular stress profile shape of the limit stress method in the limiting state when the stress in the reinforcement is equal to the calculated resistance are determined in the article. The actual parameters in a normal section of a reinforced concrete element are calculated by a nonlinear deformation model using numerical methods of successive approximation using normalized diagrams of concrete and reinforcement according to domestic and foreign regulatory documents. The relations between the parameters in the limiting state are defined according to equality condition of the resultant efforts in the concrete compressed zone with the actual and rectangular stress plots depending on concrete diagrams used in calculations. Recommendations and suggestions are given on the use of the calculated dependencies of determining the compressed zone boundary height in strength calculations using the method of limiting efforts under the effect of the moment in the plane of symmetry of the section for concrete classes, including high-strength concrete.
Innovative Approaches in the Organization of Traffic on the Road Network and Their Applicability in the Practice of Urban Planning
Authors: Timohovets V D , Khodyreva M M
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the most advanced solutions of the organization of transport and pedestrian communication networks used in Europe since the end of the twentieth century. The possibility of their use in the Russian realities is analyzed the conclusion about the need for innovations in the design activity based on statistical and analytical research methods is made. By mathematical operations, the formula of calculation of the probability of road accidents intended for the analysis of the existing situation and justification of the adoption of measures of further development of safe transport infrastructure is deduced. A conceptual model of the intersection, taking into account some performance indicators of the road network, which is not emphasized in the design in Russia, as well as reflecting the fundamental European methods of safety and comfort for all social groups of road users.
An Impact of Waste Foundry Sand on Asphalt Concrete Mixture
Authors: Tyuryukhanov K Yu , Pugin K G
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the use of waste metallurgical plant, waste foundry sand (OFS) in comparison with other small aggregates in the composition of asphalt concrete mixture. Due to the constantly growing intensity and loads from the rolling stock, there are high demands on asphalt concrete pavements. Basically, the stability of asphalt to shear deformations depends on the strength characteristics. Thus, the higher the strength of the asphalt concrete when testing samples at high temperature, the higher the shear stability of the road surface. One way to reduce the cost of building a highway, possibly through the use of industrial waste in the structural layers of pavement. The article presents the results of asphalt concrete tests using natural sand, quartz sand and waste foundry sand.
The Main Directions and Principles of Renovation of the Far Eastern Seaside Cities’ Public Spaces
Authors: Moor V , Erysheva E , Smotrikovskiy V
Published: March 2020

The existing state of the Far Eastern sea cities’ public spaces is characterized by shortcomings and contradictions. Further development of coastal cities requires the development of a scientifically based methodology for the environment’s reconstruction with the aim of developing and improving of public spaces’ system. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis and systematic approach to the problem of forming an effective system of public spaces in the city. An integrated approach provides an effective social and functional reorganization and architectural and artistic improvement of the city’s public space system. The conducted studies allow us to formulate the main directions and principles of the existing system of the Far Eastern sea cities’ public spaces’ reconstruction. The principles and methods formulated in the work were tested during the development of experimental projects’ series for the renovation of public spaces in the city of Vladivostok. Design developments and practical implementation have shown the effectiveness of the basic principles and methodology of the Far Eastern sea cities’ public spaces’ renovating.
Evolution of Vladivostok’ Spatial Structure and Architectural Image
Authors: Erysheva E , Moor V
Published: March 2020

The modern stages of Far Eastern sea cities’ development are characterized by problems and contradictions, which are the result of insufficient consideration of their formation and development’ fundamental principles. These problems solution is to analyze their spatial structure and architectural image from the standpoint of the evolutionary approach. This approach allows us to reveal all the existing shortcomings and contradictions and to formulate the main directions, principles and means of the urban environment’sreconstruction in order to improve and humanize it. The article considers the development of the spatial structure and architectural image of the city of Vladivostok from the standpoint of the evolutionary approach and the methodology of complex analysis proposed by the authors.
Research of Socio-Spatial Aspect of Economic Security of Megacities: Risk Zones and Conflict Nodes
Authors: Orlovskaya T
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the approaches to the analysis and assessment of the global city conflicts, used in the world and Russian practice, which allow conducting comparative studies of local areas in megacities, identifying risk areas and nodes of conflict. The study of economic security of megacities logically justifies the consideration of “conflict nodes” as threats and risks of a certain type, as a result of the analysis of “risk zones” and the conditions of contradictions in megacities, it is possible to use the tools of operational and strategic development management to improve the image of the city, its competitiveness and attractiveness. The Authors propose to consider the theme of “conflictness” of urban space in the context of monitoring the safe development of megacities. Evaluation of the level of safety and conflict within the megacity is based on statistical data and indicators of public opinion about achieved level of security. The results of the study are the clustering of St. Petersburg districts by conflict indicators and risk zones, the evaluation of adequacy of objective indicators of security of residence in a particular area and subjective assessments of residents. The article presents the results of assessing the level of conflicts in St. Petersburg as a global city, a comparative analysis of the subjective and objective component of the socio-spatial aspect of economic security. On the example of St. Petersburg, the Authors compare the identified clusters by risk zones and conflict nodes and illustrate the obtained result.
The Concept of Socio-Spatial Development as the Basis of Economic Security of Megalopolises
Authors: Ershova S A , Orlovskaya T N
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates major lines of research in socioeconomic and spatial analysis of major urban centers. After thorough investigation of previous research in the fields of spatial economics, proximity analysis and using the phenomenological field concepts, authors propose to consider sociospatial development as foundation of urban economic security. In order to measure the state of urban security, authors suggest distinguishing between three phenomenological axes: axis of socioeconomic development, axis of quality of urban environment, axis of crime rates, and to use methodology of proximity analysis. Using the data on St.-Petersburg authors demonstrate degrees of proximity along distinguished axes. Comparative analysis is performed via STATISTICA packages for cluster analysis, grouping major urban centers using agglomerative cluster-method. Indicators relating to phenomenological axes are chosen as a result of previous studies analysis in the areas of quality of urban environment, urbanization rates and conflicts in major urban centers, as well as through expert evaluation of relative importance of indicators for livability provision.
Maintenance Characteristics of Multifunctional Industrial Farms on the Water in the Context of the Formation of the Advanced Development Territories in the Far Eastern Federal District
Authors: Kizilova S A
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to identify the maintenance characteristics of the innovative multifunctional farms located on the water. The leading research approach is based on multivariate analysis of the formation stages of architectural objects for industrial purposes, from the development of the conceptual design to the subsequent construction and demolition. First of all, the analysis and allocation of the ADT sites with local resources for the placement of floating objects that perform as farms for the cultivation of fish, shellfish, algae; development and accumulation of energy resources; collection and desalination of water is carried out. Next, the formation features of multifunctional objects at different stages of operation are distinguished and compared. The materials of the article can be used in further theoretical studies and practical developments on architectural objects on the water.
A New Product Release Algorithm Helps a Firm Enter into New Markets and Boost Its Competitiveness
Authors: Chursin A A , Evtushenko O N , Murtuzalieva S Yu
Published: March 2020

The article describes a topical matter that is the development of approaches to boosting high technology enterprises’ effectiveness while retaining existing and creating new competitive advantages. A key approach, the authors believe, is launching the production of new types of items using existing technological solutions. An algorithm has been developed to evaluate a company’s capability of creating new types of products; the algorithm is based on an economic-mathematical model, which calculates using advanced optimization methods. The research results can be used to create methods relating to diversification and import substitution programs.
Model and dynamical assessment of innovative potential in the face of the rapid emergence of competing innovative solutions and the expansion of the global information space
Authors: Tyulin A E , Chursin A A , Yudin A V
Published: March 2020

The article considers the currently relevant issue of achieving the organization of advanced development. Since, as a rule, the innovative development approach is the basis for managing the development of an organization, which suggests the implementation of projects for the development and production of advanced development in an enterprise, the focus is on assessing the organization’s innovative potential in the context of expanding the global information space. As a result of the innovation process carried out by the organization, there is not only the achievement of advanced development, but also the development of highly competitive products that form a new product market and radically change the existing market. Of course, to create a product that leads an organization to advanced development, it is necessary to have a number of resources and competencies discussed in the article. The example of the smartphone market, which characterized by a multidirectional change in the share occupied by the main manufacturers with similar innovative potential, is considered. As part of the mathematical model of Stackelberg, which describes the behavior of players in the oligopolistic market for high-tech products (as discussed in the article, the smartphone market), the game of several players-companies supplying their products to the market was considered.
Assessment of the Negative Temperatures Influence on the PVC Windows Air Permeability
Authors: Konstantinov A , Verkhovsky A
Published: March 2020

The analysis of negative temperatures influence on air permeability of modern PVC windows was made. For this purpose, complex tests of several types of PVC windows with different profile thicknesses were performed in the laboratory. The determination of the windows air permeability was made under standard conditions (+20 °C) and negative outside temperatures (-5°C, -15°C, -25°C, -35°C, -45°C). For the windows air permeability determination at negative outdoor temperatures was created the special test stand. It was found that at negative temperatures there is a significant decrease in the windows air permeability is observed. However, this process occurs differently for PVC windows with different profiles thickness, this process also depends on the outdoor temperature. The research results are proposed to be used to calculate the buildings heat balance. This will increase the calculations accuracy, since this will use the windows air permeability data, determined not under standard conditions (as it is now), but under real winter conditions. The further research directions of the issue are given.
New Life of Traditional Finishing Materials in Architecture of Facades of Modern Buildings.
Authors: Pronina T V
Published: March 2020

The emergence of new finishing materials in the construction market has long been commonplace. However, traditional finishing materials of natural origin are still in demand for the consumer due to their proven environmental friendliness and relevant in the construction of elite architecture. Science offers new innovative developments based on traditional natural finishing materials. This article provides an overview of some of these proposals, which have been tested and gradually introduced into the construction business. The aim of the article is to reveal the properties of new composite finishing materials, where the basis is natural, environmentally friendly components, in terms of their effective and reasonable application in architectural practice. Taking into account the new forming properties of such materials, the article gives some recommendations for their use in the creation of architectural solutions of building facades. This task is relevant due to the fact that the right choice of the most suitable building material by the architect is the key to the most worthy combination of expressive architectural design with rationality and efficiency of its implementation.
Features of the Transformation of Urban Public Spaces Based on Their Socio-Cultural Potential
Authors: Eterevskaya I N , Yastrebova N A , Stetsenko S E
Published: March 2020

Changes in the structure of public spaces of cities are conditioned by spatial-planning, environmental, social factors and often in post-Soviet cities have spontaneous and a little controllable character. At the same time, the set methodology of urban planning cannot provide an effective tool for environment formation, fully complied with new social needs, which makes the development of principles and technologies of the transformation of environment relevant, which is capable of evolution and self-development. The particularity of construction of public spaces of the Soviet city and the features of their social and spatial transformation in the post-Soviet period are considered. Urban public spaces, being in the process of development in space and changing in time, are characterized by the properties of incompleteness and enrichment of their environment with elements of time. On this basis, the typology of public spaces is considered on the example of the territories of the Krasnoarmeysky district of Volgograd as the main semantic structure-forming elements and socially significant dominants of the city, the types of spaces are defined according to the degree of completion of the formation: emerging, habitable, stable, subject to reconstruction and possible directions of their transformation are proposed. The conclusion about the need of preservation of the specific spaces of the city, containing outstanding historical elements, and their transformation based on the principle of historical continuity, built on the combination of historical objects and new components of the environment is made.
Affecting of the Long-Term Deformation to the Stability of RC Frame-Bracing Structural Systems under Special Accidental Impacts
Authors: Fedorova N V , Savin S Yu , Kolchunov V I
Published: March 2020

The paper is devoted to investigation of the loading duration affecting to stability of structural elements of reinforced concrete building frames at post-critical states caused by the sudden removal of one of the load-bearing constructions. Modelling of strength and deformation characteristics of reinforced concrete under long-term loading was performed using the theory of plasticity of concrete and reinforced concrete proposed by G.A. Geniev. Following to this theory, the rheological model of long-term strength of concrete was presented by two elements connected in series, one of which characterizes the process of short-term loading, and the second viscous element corresponds to the Kelvin-Voigt model and takes into account the processes of long-term deforming. It was established that at long-term loads acting to operated reinforced concrete structural system the value of critical force corresponding to loss of stability of the structural element decreases. This fact should be taken into account when assessing the resistance of such building frames to progressive collapse under special accidental impacts caused by removal one of load-bearing elements of a structural system.
Experience in Repairing Highways Using Cold Regeneration Technology in the Altai Republic
Authors: Dolinsky Y A , Starkov G B , Matveev S A
Published: March 2020

Three main factors were taken into account cost, quality, and time when repairing the highway R-256 “Chuysky Trakt” in the Altai Republic. Repairs were carried out using various types of road constructions using cold recycling technology, implemented both at the near-road plant and directly on the road. The four types of structures are most common. The first type is asphalt and granulated concrete with a thickness of 20 cm using a mineral binder. The second one is asphalt-granulated concrete with a thickness of 15 cm using a combined binder. The third is with the use of wear layers of bitumen-mineral mixtures and leveling layers of asphalt concrete mixtures. The fourth - with the use of a combined binder and a layer of wear from the bituminomineral mixture with the use of polymer-bitumen binders. The use of cold regeneration technology of existing pavements allowed not only to restore their bearing capacity, but also to increase it by 50% to 56%, depending on the type of pavement design used.
The Substantiation of Steel-Reinforced Concrete Composite Bridge Superstructure Design
Authors: Belokopytov A S , Utkin V A , Matveev S A
Published: March 2020

The article presents the calculation of a composite reinforced concrete bridge superstructure 42 meters long and 15.9 meters clear width, taking into account the layout cross-section zero axis position correction. It is assumed to pair the concrete slab of the carriageway and the steel main beams along the neutral axis of the section, at the same time reinforced concrete will perceive only compressive forces, and the steel main beams will perceive only tensile forces. Steel beam and reinforced concrete slab are included in the work at the same time and together perceive internal forces from permanent and temporary loads. The bridge superstructure consists of composite steel reinforced concrete blocks, which are prefabricated and combined at the construction site. To ensure the simultaneous inclusion in the work of the whole cross-section, the installation of the bridge superstructure structure by means of a hinged method or on solid scaffolding is provided.
The Organization of Natural Lighting in Buildings with Difficult Illuminated Areas
Authors: Kalinkina N , Zhdanova I , Chernysheva I
Published: March 2020

In conditions of rower crisis the questions of resource saving have gained special urgency in all spheres. Modern problems in the sphere of effective energy use are versatile and they start to influence architectural and building decisions more and more. A wide range of questions concerns providing buildings with natural illumination as artificial illumination together with central heating charges have got leading positions. They make more than a half of operational charges of a building. The most effective decision is to supply buildings with natural illumination but it is often connected with a few problems because it is important to remember about thermal stability of constructions.

It is known that a building loses less heat as it grows in width. It becomes more resistible to different climatic influences. But as the width of a building grows some hardly illuminated parts of buildings appear. It is possible to supply organizations with sunlight in remote parts of buildings regarding decrease of resource consumption (changing traditional approaches to building illumination with natural light). In the following article the generalization of variants of organization of natural illumination of hardly lighted areas is made. All the positive and negative sides are concerned.
Study of the Hydrosilicate Phases Formation Process of Portland Cement with Disaccharide Additives
Authors: Shoshin E A , Timokhin D K , Strahov A V
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the cement stone hydrate phases formation in the presence of significant amounts (2%) of isomeric disaccharides - sucrose, maltose and lactose. Attention to disaccharides as modifying agents of cement stone is due to their ability to influence the ratio of high and low density cement gels in the composition of cement stone. To implement Portland cement hydration process in the presence of significant amounts of disaccharides cement grinding in the presence of carbohydrate solutions was used. It was found that the molecular structure of carbohydrate does not affect the elemental and phase composition of hydration products. Hydrosilicates in the presence of carbohydrates and aside of the molecular structure of the latter form the phases of the cryptocrystalline structure. The formation of cryptocrystalline phases is accompanied by occlusion of disaccharides; the residual content of disaccharides in the liquid phase of suspensions does not exceed 0.3% of the initial amount of modifying carbohydrate.
Features of Formation of Cross-Border and Transcontinental Settlement Systems of Russia and China
Authors: Ordynskaya Y V , Kozyrenko N E
Published: March 2020

The border area is a space in which there is a special regime of settlement development. Along the long border between Russia and China, there has historically been a cross-border relationship between settlements. Currently, each of them has its own mode of development, determined by socio-economic and political factors. The formation of a cross-border settlement zone in the North-East of China and the Far East is determined by integration processes, which are constrained by the implementation of different program directions of the two States. The Asian vector can be clearly traced in the economy and demography of the South of the Russian Far East. New Chinese cities are beginning to form functional and planning conglomerates with Russian settlements. Two divergent process (Chinese urbanization and suburbanization Russian) has led to the creation of new settlement systems cross – border and transcontinental. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time new forms of settlement in the border area – transboundary and transcontinental are considered; functional and planning features of their development are revealed.
Social-Oriented Methods as a Promising Tool for Russian Affordable Housing Design
Authors: Vavilova T
Published: March 2020

The relevance of the study is due on the fact that in the Russian architectural science there is no applied tools and a holistic methodology for taking into account the changing needs of people in the regulation of consumer properties of housing buildings and residential compounds. The aim of the study is to systematize social-oriented methods of improving consumer properties of housing. The following tasks given: to study the scientific basis of use social factors and to analyze the applied methods of comfort improvement in residential complexes and individual buildings. Generalization of modern Russian and foreign experiences allowed disclose some popular social-oriented approaches for the architectural design of the living environment. These include “co-housing” (“co-living”), “adaptation”, “social integration” (“mixed communities”), “identification” (“video-ecological approach”), “universal design” and “exclusive” (“closed communities”). Arguments in favor of their implementation in the practice of Russian architectural design are given.
Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Floor Elements for Special Dynamic Loads under Technogenic Impacts
Authors: Vanus D , Gereev S , Bibartceva D , Magomedaliev G
Published: March 2020

The problem of calculating reinforced concrete structures for explosive and shock loads is considered. A method for evaluating beam structures when considering work in elastic, plastic is proposed. For the dynamic calculation of reinforced concrete structures for explosive and shock loads, the methods has been used in which dependencies are given to determine the parameters of dynamic loads arising from the explosions of various substances. The design scheme of the slab is represented as joint areas without cracks.

The method of the dynamic method for calculating reinforced concrete slabs is presented, it allows to ensure the protection of the floor slab against collapse under the action of a special dynamic load. The plate deformation is considered in two stages of deformation: elastic, plastic.

The proposed method for determining the safety of reinforced concrete slabs, while meeting the requirement of preserving the carrying capacity.

A method in which the end of the elastic stage is represented through the ultimate elastic deflection has been used.

Examples of calculation of the plate for the action of special dynamic loads are given.
Features of Functioning of the Combined Air Heating Systems and Ventilation of a Three-story Museum
Authors: Sargsyan S , Borisova V
Published: March 2020

The analysis of the air-thermal regime of a three-story experimental residential museum building with a basement floor is presented. The equations of material and energy balances of the investigated building were compiled, allowing to determine the required air temperature at the outlet of the stream from the air-heating chamber. A method for determining the maximum performance of an air heater of a combined air heating and ventilation system at given temperatures of outside air and fresh air at the outlet of the jet from the air distributor is presented. The dependence of the thermal performance of the air heater on the change in the outside air temperature is established, with the same parameters of supply air at the outlet of the air distributors. A method for determining the parameters of supply air at the outlet of the jet from the air distributor, which allows to ensure the necessary parameters of the air inside the heated premises, is proposed. A survey of the temperature and humidity of the microclimate in the premises of the building, allows us to estimate the sanitary and hygienic conditions. A method for the simultaneous application of the processes of humidification and heating of the supply air in the combined air heating and ventilation system providing the specified microclimate parameters in the premises of the building under study is proposed.
On Influence of the Height of Heated Room on the Heat Transfer of the Heating Device
Authors: Sargsyan S , Borisova V
Published: March 2020

The analysis of the functioning of the heating device in a heated room. The methods of testing the heating device to determine the nominal heat flow in the isothermal test chamber are presented. Presents a methodology of thermal calculation of the heating device for identifying the type of a collapsible radiator and convector, with an area of heating surface for the transmission of heat not less than that required for the heat flux in the room or the number of partitions portable radiator. It is shown that the heat transfer coefficient of the heating device is influenced by the average temperature head, the amount of coolant flowing through it, atmospheric pressure and the method of connecting the device to the heating system. The process of heat transfer from the coolant in the heating device to the heated room is analyzed. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of the height of the heated room on the value of the actual heat flow of the heating device. It is established that the amount of actual heat flow from the heating device depends, among other things, on the space-planning solution of the heated room (the height of the heated room).
Reducing Risks in Construction Using Innovative Technologies
Authors: Merzliakov R , Reshetkina E
Published: March 2020

The Construction is an activity with a heightened level of risks, arising, of course, at all stages of the life cycle of an object. The main focus of the research is to reduce the risks associated with the construction at each of its stages using innovative technologies.

Risks that can be reduced or eliminated altogether using innovative technologies, namely building information modeling (BIM), deserve close attention. The purpose of the study is to search or design methods for reducing risks in construction at all stages.

BIM-technologies allow reducing risks during construction at its three stages: design, construction and installation, operation (sometimes recycling). The results of the research on risk reduction in construction using innovative technologies are information modeling technologies that minimize the possibility of human error, accompany the smooth and productive work on the construction site, and also allow you to maximally use the already constructed facility without loss.
Problems of Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings
Authors: Zhigulina A Y , Ponomarenko A M , Borodacheva E N
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of trends and advanced technologies in the field of energy supply and energy efficiency of residential buildings. The evolution of the concept of “energy saving” in the concept of “energy efficiency” and its current interpretation are considered. The difference between the evaluation criteria of the world’s leading rating systems LEED and BREEAM is shown. Considered the latest technology used in the construction of high-rise energy-efficient buildings. An innovative approach to the design of energy-efficient residential buildings should include, along with energy saving, various methods of producing and storing alternative energy through the use of solar and wind energy using special technical devices, the use of “green” construction technologies.
Methodological Approaches to the Development of Public Spaces in Accordance with the Concept of Sustainable Development
Authors: Kurakova O
Published: March 2020

The issue of urban area efficient use is one of the top-priority issues in planning public space development projects. The current trend is that public spaces and parks play an important role in increasing the attractiveness of cities as a whole and, in particular, individual city blocks and directly affect the quality of human life. Within the framework of Russian Federation priority national project “Formation of a comfortable urban environment” it is planned to carry out measures to improve municipal unit territories of the corresponding functional purpose (squares, embankments, streets, pedestrian areas, garden squares, parks, other territories). To implement this project, it is important to create a mechanism to increase the investment attractiveness of projects for the development of public spaces, as well as identify criteria for the selection of such projects. Within the framework of this article an attempt is made to classify the criteria that must be taken into account when developing public space development projects based on the concept of sustainable development. An algorithm for evaluating the criteria and parameters that would allow assessing the attractiveness of the territory for the implementation of the project for public space development is also given. The article also formulates the main areas of scientific research that would provide a more competent approach to the processes of urban planning and would help to formulate mechanisms for attracting investments in public space development projects, since these are not only of city-planning significance, but can also ensure social integration and support intercultural communication.
“Green Roof” as an Effective Landscape-Ecological Tool for Solving Modern Urban Ecological Problems
Authors: Stetsenko S E , Yastrebova N A , Eterevskaya I N
Published: March 2020

Global warming, the ever-increasing compaction of buildings, waste heat from domestic heating, industry and transport leads to overheating of urban areas. An effective solution for improving the quality of the urban environment should be considered the device of “green roofs”, allowing the city to be discharged from overheating and dustiness in the summer.

The main indicators of the “green roof” that improve the quality of the urban environment include: enriching the urban atmosphere with oxygen, reducing overheating of buildings and urban areas, managing rainwater, reducing the dust content in the city’s atmosphere, reducing the noise level inside the building and reducing sound reflections on the roof, shielding of electromagnetic radiation, an increase in the surface area of the urban environment, suitable for the habitat of representatives of urban fauna.

Large shopping centers, due to their significant areas occupied in the structure of cities, should be considered as potentially active sites affecting the microclimatic parameters of adjacent urban areas. Thanks to the installation of sheds with “green roofs” above the parking areas, it is possible to reduce the anthropogenic load from excessive “sealed” areas, overheating, dust and gas pollution. The high rates of the number of large shopping centers in the structure of cities suggest that the ecologically sound landscape - town planning organization of shopping complexes can be a successful tool for the improvement of the urban environment.
Foreign and Domestic Experience in Environmental Planning and Territory Management
Authors: Pupentsova S V , Alekseeva N S , Stroganova O A
Published: March 2020

The given article considers the causes of the emergence of territories in need of environmental planning and management worldwide. The ways of development of industrial territories in historical areas of cities are presented. It is shown that environmental planning and territory management contribute to the improvement of the quality of life, the development of new kinds of activities, the solution of transport and environmental problems. The experience of Great Britain, Germany, the USA and Russia is analyzed and examples of environmental planning and territorial management projects are presented. The article considers the cases of reorganizing the former industrial buildings and territories and creating residential complexes, shopping centres, museums, exhibition spaces, coworking, sports facilities, recreational spaces and leisure centres in them. Both successful redevelopment projects and those the implementation of which has been discontinued are identified. The release of the city’s territories from industrial facilities is considered to be the most important task of forming the urban environment, since the existing location of industry does not correspond to the tasks of developing urban infrastructure and worsens the ecological condition of the city
The Use of Effective Design Solutions and High-Tech Building Materials for Reconstructing Residential Buildings of Mass Development in 1960-1990
Authors: Absimetov V E , Solovev D B
Published: March 2020

In connection with the mass development of large-panel typical buildings, in solving the problem of housing for millions of people in the country, they were supposed to be limited in use for 50-60 years. However, the solution to this problem occurs mainly in Moscow, since significant investments are required to resolve the issue of demolition, relocation of residents and the construction of new buildings on the site of the demolished ones. A method of reconstruction of these objects is proposed with the solution of the issues of thermal modernization of facades and improvement of sanitary and hygienic living conditions, with the involvement of investors without the use of budgetary funds [1].