bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associação entre função cognitiva e desenvolvimento motor grosso de crianças com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento
Authors: Álvares Isadora Martins , Lara Daniella Oliveira , Medeiros Náguia Letícia , Leite Hércules Ribeiro , Camargos Ana Cristina Resende
Published: May 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: Crianças com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento apresentam uma variedade de condições que, em geral, possuem comprometimento da função cognitiva, bem como limitações para realizar atividades motoras grossas e finas decorrentes do déficit de equilíbrio e da coordenação motora. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar se a função cognitiva está associada e pode predizer desfechos do desenvolvimento motor grosso em crianças com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento entre 5 e 10 anos de idade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal exploratório com 24 crianças com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento, entre 5-10 anos de idade, capazes de deambular independente. Para avaliar a função cognitiva e as habilidades motoras grossas das crianças foram utilizados o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e o Teste de Desenvolvimento Motor Grosso – segunda edição, respectivamente. Análise de regressão linear simples foi realizada e o tamanho do efeito calculado. RESULTADOS: Quinze (60%) eram meninos, com idade média de 7,81 (± 1,90), sete com deficiência intelectual, oito com transtorno do espectro autista, cinco com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, dois com transtornos de comunicação e três com transtornos específicos de aprendizagem. A pontuação do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental foi significativamente associada e capaz de explicar a variabilidade das habilidades de locomoção (R2=0,25; p=0,006), das habilidades de controle de objetos (R2=0,29; p=0,003) e do quociente motor grosso (R2=0,40; p=0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A função cognitiva está associada e pode explicar o desenvolvimento motor grosso de crianças com transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento entre 5 e 10 anos de idade. Esses resultados podem contribuir para um melhor entendimento da influência da função cognitiva no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras grossas dessa população.
Clothing and Female Reclusion in The Life of Mary of Egypt and The Life of Christina of Markyate
Authors: McKay Anna
Published: May 2021

Over the past two decades, medieval feminist scholarship has increasingly turned to the literary representation of textiles as a means of exploring the oftensilenced experiences of women in the Middle Ages. This article uses fabric as a lens through which to consider the world of the female recluse, exploring the ways in which clothing operates as a tether to patriarchal, secular values in Paul the Deacon’s eighthcentury Life of Mary of Egypt and the twelfth-century Life of Christina of Markyate. In rejecting worldly garb as recluses, these holy women seek out and achieve lives of spiritual autonomy and independence.
Stupor in John of Gaddesden’s Rosa Medicinae
Authors: Godfrey Laura
Published: May 2021

Early medieval religious writers describe powerful and complex somatic and cognitive experiences as astonishment or stupor, drawing on medical discourse. The effects of stupor on the body’s faculties of sensation and movement are described in medical texts, such as English medical writer John of Gaddesden’s (fl. 1305–1348) Rosa medicinae or Rosa anglica (ca. 1313–20), where he reconciles Galen’s and Avicenna’s conflicting definitions of stupor. This note presents a case study of stupor in medieval medical discourse, especially according to Gaddesden, that informs our understanding of narratives about or by medieval anchorites, revealing more complex accounts of physical and spiritual experience.
Numismática real carolina (1772)
Authors: Petit Carlos
Published: May 2021

La reforma del numerario metálico de Carlos III se basó en el ejercicio de poderes reales que fueron más allá de su vieja jurisdicción. Junto con ese nuevo proyecto político, las nuevas acuñaciones difundieron el retrato real por las tierras de la vasta monarquía. La creación de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes aportó los artistas necesarios para realizar la operación, en particular el experto medallista Tomás Francisco Prieto (1716-1782). Prieto fue el responsable principal de los trabajos materiales que exigió la gran transformación monetaria en Europa y en las Indias.
Oltraggi d’autore
Authors: Fusar Poli Elisabetta
Published: May 2021

Lo studio propone un’indagine in prospettiva storica intorno al dialogo multiforme fra arte e diritto, prendendo in considerazione l’arte come oggetto di diritto e, al contempo, come dispositivo di interrelazione, ovvero come diaframma materiale e concettuale fra cultura giuridica e cultura tout court. Entro questa prospettiva, è affrontata la questione della ‘vera arte’ nell’interpretazione del giurista, attraverso la giurisprudenza in tema di oltraggio al pudore, fra codice penale liberale e codice del 1930. La transizione fra i due testi normativi, che vedono la luce in contesti storici e culturali profondamente differenti, porta a un apparente affrancamento normativo dell’arte dalla morale, finché la libertà dell’arte troverà forma costituzionale. Il dissidio fra arte e morale, tuttavia, si mantiene vivo per il giurista, facendosi intrinseco alla possibilità di qualificare un’opera dell’ingegno quale opera d’arte.
Semi-Automated Extraction of Viral RNA using the Omega Bio-tek Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Detection v1
Authors: Marotz Lisa , Belda-Ferre Pedro , Zeller Mark , Anderson Catelyn , C Morgan Sydney , Knight Rob , Andersen Kristian
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to describe a semi-automated process for viral RNA isolation from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs in viral transport medium (VTM) using the Omega Bio-tek Mag-Bind Viral RNA Xpress Kit. This procedure applies specifically to samples received for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The Omega Bio-tek Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit uses magnetic bead technology to rapidly isolate, wash, purify, and elute viral RNA from viral samples in transport media. This process is developed for semi-automated systems and performs RNA extraction in a 96-well plate format. The RNA extracted will be used for SARS-CoV-2 detection via a TaqPath COVID-19 Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR assay (see related protocol). Viral samples are obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and placed into VTM. Viral RNA from these samples is extracted using a KingFisher Flex benchtop automated sample preparation machine and an Eppendorf epMotion 5075 automated liquid handling workstation.
LAND RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION AS A FACTOR OF AGRICULTURAL MONOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Smochko Nataliia
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work is to analyze the land resource potential of the Transcarpathian region and the main trends in the efficiency of its use. The study of land use optimization in the mountainous and foothills of the Carpathians is of particular importance. The specific climatic and morphological conditions of the region and the reorganization of land use exacerbate the problem of effective development of the agricultural sector and ecology of land reproduction.

Method. General scientific methods, including analysis, scientific synthesis, analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization been used in the study. To study the current state of land and resource potential of the Transcarpathian region, information from the Main Department of the State Geocadastre in the Transcarpathian region and statistical materials of the Main Department of Statistics in the Transcarpathian region have been used. To achieve this goal, comparative geographical and statistical research methods have been used.

Scientific novelty. The article highlights the trends, approaches and features of land use potential of the Transcarpathian region. Its spatial differentiation has been investigated, the component structure of the land fund of the Zakarpattia region has been analyzed and the intensity of the target use of the land resources of the region has been determined. A general assessment of the use of land resources of the Transcarpathian region has been done as a major factor in the development of agricultural monosystems and identified areas of its rational use. It has been determined that a characteristic feature of the land resources of the region is the low level of area use suitable for agricultural production, there is also a significant withdrawal of land for commercial and residential construction.

Practical meaning. The results of this study can be used in the educational process of educational institutions; in the development of state and regional programs for the development of the agricultural sector of the national economy; for the preparation of new regulatory, program and methodological documents.
Psychological Well-Being of Gifted Teenagers with Different Levels of Creativity
Authors: Laktionova E.B. , Gretsov A.G. , Orlova A.V. , Tuzova A.S.
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates and verifies the hypothesis of the relationship between psychological well-being of gifted teenagers and the features of their creativity.It considers the specifics of psychological well-being in gifted adolescents with different levels of creativity, their attitude to the educational environment, the level of satisfaction with its significant characteristics and the degree of protection from psychological violence.The study was conducted on a sample of students of grades 8—10 of schools specializing in mathematics and natural science.The total number of subjects was 253 students aged 14—17 years (154 boys, 99 girls).The study used the following techniques: the Psychological Well-Being Scale by С.Ryff, the Ingenuity and Divergent Thinking scales from H.Zivert’s test of verbal creativity, and the questionnaire “Psychological Safety of Educational Environment” by I.A.Baeva.The differences in psychological well-being indicators for adolescents with different levels of verbal creativity were identified: in particular, adolescents with high creativity have a lower indicator of “positive relationships with others”.The structure of correlations between psychological well–being and creativity in groups of adolescents with high and low creativity differs.Highly creative gifted teenagers tend to evaluate their condition as less favourable as compared to their peers with low creativity and struggle with establishing close relationships.Adolescents with low creativity are more satisfied with such characteristics of educational environment as relationships with others and opportunities provided by the environment.Their assessment of protection from psychological violence is negatively correlated with originality of thinking.
Justification of Life imprisonment in Serbian Criminal Law
Authors: Milovic M. , Pusitsa M.
Published: May 2021

In Serbia, disputes have been going on for years (which are also the subject of many congresses) about the regulation of the most severe types of punishment. The criminal policy of the country shows a tendency to toughen penalties. By attracting a lot of media attention and putting pressure on state institutions concerning certain tragic events caused by the murder and rape of minors, including children, some members of the public hysterically demand that the state respond with the strictest penalties, even if they no longer exist (the death penalty).

In December 1, 2019 The Law on Amendments and Additions to the Criminal Code, which, among other things, prescribes life imprisonment, entered into force. It is assumed that the fact that there is a life sentence for particularly serious crimes, such as murder or crimes against sexual freedom in particularly serious forms, may make criminals think twice before committing them. In addition, proponents of the introduction of such a punishment argue that the fear of life imprisonment can act as a corrective and preventive measure, thereby reducing the proportion of these criminal offenses.

The paper provides a critical analysis of this justification for the return of life imprisonment to the criminal law. The arguments against this include: 1) statistics confirm that life imprisonment for possible criminals who have committed particularly serious criminal offenses is not a factor of prevention; 2) general prevention is undermined; 3) the previously existing maximum prison term was not an obstacle, that is, it was not a factor of prevention; 3) innovations would not change the decisions of criminals, although they were in their sound mind at the time of committing criminal offenses, realizing the illegality of these actions; 4) it becomes impossible to carry out the correction and re-socialization of the sentenced person, who knows that he will remain closed outside the social and family environment for the rest of his life; 5) it is also necessary to keep in mind that it is the state that financially maintains such criminals.
CCLoc—An Improved Interferometric Seismic Event Location Algorithm Applied to Induced Seismicity
Authors: Gal Martin , Lotter Ernest , Olivier Gerrit , Green Mark , Meyer Stephen , Dales Phil , Reading Anya M.
Published: May 2021

The amount of recorded seismic event data is rapidly growing, and manual processing by trained human experts to infer hypocenter, source parameters, and moment tensor solutions is therefore no longer feasible. Automated procedures are required to process data efficiently and include quality-control measures that allow for outlier detection. We present a modular cross-correlation location (CCLoc) algorithm for induced seismicity that uses cross correlations of either raw seismograms or characteristic functions derived from them followed by a reverse migration procedure. The novelty of this approach is the inclusion of cross pairs of P and S arrivals and the inclusion of autocorrelations, both of which add a distance constraint to the hypocenter estimation. The algorithm is modular in the sense that preprocessing can be tailored to specific data or task.

Nine months of seismic data from an underground hard-rock tin mine are processed in a fully automated mode using a machine-learning approach for seismic phase arrival detection and using the estimated arrival functions as input for CCLoc. Making use of the average cross-correlation value as a quality constraint, CCLoc can successfully infer source information on 92% of previously manually processed data. The accuracy of automatic processing is demonstrated by comparing hypocenter, source parameter, and moment tensor solutions between the two datasets. The algorithm will potentially aid the analysis of induced or other seismicity and is particularly well suited to use in the case of large numbers of seismic sensors recording many events.
Tripartite results for the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952*
Authors: Evernden Jack F.
Published: May 2021

The tripartite technique was applied to all parts of the record following initial S. The results of this study indicate: (1) that the SV motion, extending from initial S to G, was a cohesive whole, not random motion, and is the result of continuous arrival of energy along paths of decreasing mantle penetration; and (2) that the SV-, Rayleigh-, and Love-wave arrivals were all deflected from the great-circle path. These results contrast sharply with results of earlier tripartite studies. The deflection is tentatively explained by a general downwarping of the equalvelocity surfaces in the mantle in the vicinity of the Aleutian tectonic welt.
SKP and related phases*
Authors: Forester R. D.
Published: May 2021

For shallow shocks, multiple SKP phases are observed after the initial SKP motion as long as 54 seconds on short-period instruments and as long as 87 seconds on long-period instruments. Amplitude data indicate that each multiple phase has a focal point similar to that of the initial SKP phase. The focal point for waves having periods of 1 to 5 seconds occurs at 131½°, and that for waves having periods of 5 to 10 seconds is broadly defined between 130° and 131°. Short-period SKP waves extend from 129° to at least 140°; long-period SKP waves, from 125° to 145°. The long-period waves are believed to be diffracted from the caustic in accordance with Airy's hypothesis.

For all types of SKP phases the energy content of the short-period waves is several times less than that of the long-period waves. For the vertical component the agreement between theoretical and observed values of energy of long-period waves is good. For the horizontal component the observation of too little energy is not satisfactorily explained.

SKP″, the SKP phase associated with the inner core, is observed between 114° and 125°. It records with very short periods. The observations of SKP″ present additional support for the hypothesis of large but continuous increase of velocity at the transitional boundary of the inner core.
Remark on Byerly's fault-plane method*
Authors: De Bremaecker J. Cl.
Published: May 2021

In Byerly's fault-plane method, if one circle of radius R2 is determined, the locus of the centers of the other is a straight line perpendicular to the line joining the epicenter to the center of the first circle and at a distance 1/(4R2) from the epicenter.
A comparison of earthquake accelerations with intensity ratings*
Authors: Hershberger John
Published: May 2021

abstract

The maximum accelerations recorded on 108 strong-motion records obtained in 60 earthquakes were compared with the intensity ratings assigned to the places where the records had been obtained. The results seem to show that acceleration alone cannot be used as a measure of intensity.
Microseisms in the 11- to 18-second period range
Authors: Oliver Jack , Ewing Maurice
Published: May 2021

Storm microseisms in the 11- to 18-second period range recorded at Palisades and Bermuda are attributed to ocean swell of identical periods in the vicinity of the seacoast near the seismograph station. Evidence is based on travel time, correlation with wave-recorder data, and dispersion of the waves from hurricane Dolly, which remained in deep water when near the Palisades station and passed at a speed greater than the group velocity of ocean swell.

Ground-particle motion is longitudinal, with little or no vertical component.

With some qualifications, the results agree with the classical surf theory of microseism generation. Certainly, the energy is transferred to the earth within the littoral zone.
Minor features of the Fairview fault, Nevada
Authors: Larson E. R.
Published: May 2021

abstract

En 袨elon ridges and fractures formed in the alluvium adjacent to the Fairview fault scarp reflect the lateral movement of the fault blocks and demonstrate the stress orientation near the fault. Detailed mapping shows that some of the minor features are shears and compressional ridges of the third order related to a north-south acting force.
Changes in hydrologic conditions in the Dixie Valley and Fairview Valley areas, Nevada, after the earthquake of December 16, 1954
Authors: Zones C. P.
Published: May 2021

abstract

The earthquake of December 16, 1954, affected hydrologic conditions in the Dixie Valley and Fairview Valley areas, Nevada. In Dixie Valley the rate of flow of water from wells was temporarily increased and water flowed for more than a month from several wells that had not flowed before. Water levels in wells were higher after the earthquake, but the trend of water levels since the earthquake has varied locally. There is no evidence that ground-water temperatures were affected.

The flow of Mud Springs, which is on the main fault on the west side of Dixie Valley, increased substantially immediately after the earthquake, but since has decreased to essentially its pre-earthquake rate.

The water level in Fairview Valley was about 4 feet higher after the earthquake. In East Gate Valley and at West Gate, ground-water levels were lower after the earthquake. In June, 1956, the water level in East Gate Valley was 34 feet lower than the pre-earthquake level. At West Gate the water level was about 9 feet lower. In Stingaree Valley the water level began to rise after an initial decline and reached a peak about 11 feet higher than the pre-earthquake level.

Possible causes for the rise in ground-water levels in Dixie and Fairview Valleys include tilting of the confined and semiconfined aquifers in the valleys, compaction of the sediments of the valley fill, and increased upward leakage of ground water.

It is possible that opening of new fractures and widening of pre-existing fractures in the bedrock between East Gate, Cowkick, and Stingaree valleys has accelerated the rate of movement of ground water between those valleys.

The temporary increase in the flow of water from Mud Springs may be due to the opening of fractures in the fault zone along which the water is rising, or to a possible lowering of the land surface at the springs with a resulting increase in artesian head at the spring orifices.

It is thought that any increase in the total discharge of ground water in the Dixie Valley and Fairview Valley areas is temporary because the increased discharge is probably from ground-water storage.
Normal modes of continental surface waves
Authors: Oliver Jack , Ewing Maurice
Published: May 2021

When the path between epicenter and station traverses only continental structure, the dispersion of the entire train of directly arriving seismic surface waves can be explained as the result of normal mode propagation in a crust-mantle system in which the velocity increases in some manner with depth within the crust. At least four modes, the Rayleigh mode, Sezawa's M2 mode, and the first two Love waves, may appear prominently on the seismogram. The characteristics of the higher-mode dispersion curves permit the explanation of the Lg phase of Press and Ewing, B䳨's Lg1 and Lg2, and, in some cases, Caloi's Sa without recourse to a low-velocity layer in the crust or mantle. Speculation on changes in these curves for less simplified models indicates that the remaining cases of Sa as well as Leet's C or coupled wave may be explained by classical theory.

The occurrence of the higher-mode waves is widespread; they are found on the four continents for which data are available.

Higher-mode data, particularly when combined with information from the fundamental modes, make surface-wave dispersion, previously a useful tool, a much more potent method for the study of crustal structure.
Dental Autotransplantation: The Natural Alternative to Dental Implants
Authors: Tito Robert
Published: May 2021

Most traumatic dental injuries occur in the preteen males, with the maxillary central incisor being the most commonly avulsed tooth.1,2 When an incisor is lost, its ability to induce growth of the surrounding alveolar bone and gingival tissues is also lost. Therefore, in the maxillary anterior region of a young and growing patient, it is advantageous to replace a missing tooth with a natural tooth that can continue the process of bone induction as the patient continues growing through their teen years. There are currently two techniques to achieve this: 1) Orthodontic substitution 2) Auto transplantation. The methodology and necessary considerations pertaining to autotransplantation are the subject of this publication, and pertinent literature suggests that: a) Ideal donor teeth should be single-rooted, such as a mandibular premolar. b) Donor teeth should be ideally harvested when there is 2/3 to ¾ root development. c) Surgical technique to avoid damaging the periodontal ligament of the donor tooth is absolutely critical. d) Newly autotransplanted teeth should be stabilized for 6-12 weeks with a light orthodontic wire allowing physiologic movement. If the aforementioned protocols are followed, then a success rate of 90% or more can be expected.
Psychogenic theory of consciousness
Authors: Yumatov Evgeny
Published: May 2021

The brain is a unique organization in nature, having the psychic activity, which is expressed in subjective states: thoughts, feelings, emotions. Knowledge of the nature of mental activity of the brain is the most urgent and the most challenging task of physiology. Historically the neurophysiology developed on the basis of physical and chemical laws discovered in an inanimate nature. Our investigation is devoted towards the origin of a human subjective state, and presents a new methodology for studying of the nature psychic brain activity. We have established the existence of physical phenomena unique for the living brain so-called «psychogenic field», which reflects the expressed psychic state of human brain. The subjective state of a human being was shown to affect remotely the physicochemical properties of the blood. An original schematic diagram is presented to describe the formation of the brain psychic activity. This approach is based on the feedback influence of a psychogenic field on neuronal molecular processes (self-induction in the brain). The paper describes the interrelation of neurophysiologic and subjective processes in the system organization of goal-seeking behavior. A «Psychogenic theory of consciousness» is proposed, suggests presuming the existence of physical phenomena unique for the living brain and brain fields, and their role in the origin of a subjective state.
In the Eye of the COVID-19 Storm: An Ethical Analysis on Aging, End of Life, and Recovery
Authors: Giwa Al
Published: May 2021

Early into the COVID pandemic, epidemiologists and infectious disease experts warned that older adults were among those most vulnerable to the disease, as multiple studies from China, Italy, Washington State, and New York City showed that age greater than 65 significantly increased the risk of severe disease and/or death from the novel 2019 coronavirus. Centers for Disease Control data through June 2020 show that nearly 81% of deaths due to COVID-19 are of people 65 years of age and older. These breakdowns indicate that, primarily, persons with advanced age and most, often, those with multiple chronic conditions are those who have died. The effects of the virus led to public health measures aimed at reducing exposures of older people and other vulnerable populations. The disease was amplified in rehabilitation centers, skilled nursing facilities, assisted living centers, group homes, and other long-term care facilities serving a primarily geriatric population. Even as parts of the country are opening up, the death toll is still climbing and affecting the older adult population disproportionately. Duty to care, autonomy and self-determination, non-judgmental regard, justice, and futility are all significant ethical principles and constructs that have arisen in the intense and real-time application of healthcare as we continue to face the present global pandemic. We use an ethical lens to examine the medical response of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the older adult population and explore if society is doing enough to protect older adults, or rather, engaging in and furthering collective and systematic elder abuse.
Totally Endoscopic Uniportal Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement via Transcervical Approach: How to Do It
Authors: Sutherland Fraser , Al-Attar Nawwar , Smoczynski Radoslaw , Suwalski Piotr
Published: May 2021

The number of aortic valve interventions continues to increase. Although transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was a milestone in the field, it is quite uncertain whether this technique will completely supplant surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) due to its recognized shortcomings and access limitations. However, TAVR can be considered in short-term the competitor to SAVR and therefore, there is a pressing clinical need for a less invasive SAVR procedure, capable of delivering superior outcomes when compared with TAVR, without the level of invasiveness of current approaches to SAVR. Different totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement approaches have been described. Nevertheless, we believe that these can be improved and facilitated by cutting-edge technology such as CoreVista® Retractor and CoreVista® Monitor in the surgical field and the feasibility of a single, unique port access centred upon a small transcervical incision to perform the entire procedure. This paper explores the current state of the art and presents detailed how-to-do-it steps for implementing Totally Endoscopic Uniportal SAVR based upon the Transcervical Approach.
Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: Molecular Strategies for Improving the Therapeutic outcome for Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wang Tao , Lewis Brian , Ruscetti Marcus , Ko Eric , Rava Paul , FitzGerald Thomas
Published: May 2021

With process improvements in treatment including image guidance and intensity modulation, radiation therapy remains an important component of care for patients affected with prostate carcinoma. Although radiation therapy coupled with hormone therapy can provide exceptional cure rates in patients with low and intermediate risk factors, more progress is needed for patients with high risk of failure. These patients often can present with large volume disease in the prostate with unfavorable Gleason grade and risk for disease at and beyond the prostate capsule. These patients are predominantly treated with radiation therapy for local treatment. Developing strategies to augment control with radiation therapy in parallel to hormone therapy is important for the next generation of prostate cancer patients. This paper reviews potential molecular pathways that can sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation therapy and potentially improve the therapeutic index for patients with this disease.
Treatment of Varicose Veins with minimal invasive strategies
Authors: Willenberg Torsten , Bossart Simon
Published: May 2021

The mode of treatment of varicose veins has changed substantially over the last 20 years. Minimal invasive techniques have been established and seek the most gentle and safest way of treatment. Ultrasound is the basic instrument to guide these techniques. Endothermal ablation with laser or radiofrequency has become the standard technique for treatment of axial reflux. It requires local tumescence anaesthesia. Other, tumescencless techniques have been developed and established. Today there are many minimal invasive ways to treat varicosity. The treatment strategy can be tailored to the individual patient.
La reglamentación de la prostitución en el Vallés Occidental (XIX-XX). Los casos de Terrassa y Sabadell
Authors: Segovia Vara Marina
Published: May 2021

La consolidación de la industria textil en el Vallès Occidental en un contexto de intensificación de los flujos migratorios procedentes del resto de Cataluña y de otras ciudades españolas, vino acompañado de un aumento de los denominados vicios sociales. El acelerado crecimiento demográfico de Terrassa y Sabadell produjo un sustancial aumento de la prostitución que causó la indignación de amplios sectores de población. Este artículo compara el proceso de reglamentación de la prostitución en ambos núcleos urbanos cercanos al área metropolitana de Barcelona, prestando atención a los debates suscitados en torno a la pertinencia de dicha reglamentación.
Diagnosis and management of neglected foreign body foot in children
Authors: Wani Reyaz Ahmad , Rashid Kumar Abdul , Malik Muneer Abas
Published: May 2021

Background: Foreign body related extremity trauma is uncommon in children and mostly involves lower limb. Such cases are prone to get neglected or missed and present at a later date with complications. Careful management at the outset can avoid such complications. Clinical suspicion followed by diagnostic imaging and retrieval of foreign bodies in cases with delayed presentation is vital. Methods: A retrospective case series analysis of foreign body foot, diagnosed and managed over a period of 6 years, was carried out at our institute with the aim to highlight clinical presentation and management of cases with a neglected foreign body foot.Results: A total of 23 patients with diagnosis of foreign body foot were studied with 15 acute cases and 8 chronic neglected cases. The neglected cases ranged in age from 15 months to 96 months (Mean 58.87±28.32). Male to female ratio was 7:1. The history of trauma was concealed in 6 out of 8 cases. Three presented as abscess, 2 each as cellulitis and non-healing wound and one as a granuloma. Mean delay in foreign body removal was 57.12±67.94 days. Five patients had radiolucent while three had radiopaque foreign bodies.Conclusions: Clinical suspicion aided by radiography and/or ultrasonography is pivotal in diagnosis. Removal of foreign body can be done by wound exploration under local anaesthesia in most of the cases.
Light emitting diode for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors: study protocol for a double blinded trial
Authors: Barros Daniela , Pavie Maria Clara , Ferreira Roseny , Alvares Cecilia , Costa Teresa , Baqueiro Priscila , Rego Ananda Machado , Anunciação Emylle , Mariano Augusto , Lopes Julia , Lordelo Patricia
Published: May 2021

Background: Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) after breast cancer are secondary to many mechanisms such long-term side effects of cancer treatment. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) is a treatment aimed at improving vaginal epithelial tissue. This study will aim to analyze the effects of 405 nm LED on GSM of breast cancer survivors.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial will be conducted with breast cancer survivors aged 18-65 years, diagnosed with GSM, with at least one sign and one symptom of GSM and vaginal pH≥5 or proven cytologic hypotrophy or atrophy. Pregnant women, those who received hormone replacement within the prior 6 months, with active vaginal infection, impaired comprehension, neurological disease, and progression to metastatic disease during the protocol, will be excluded. LED will be applied intravaginally with gel heated to 38ºC. Each 5/weekly session will last 8 minutes, concurrent with pelvic floor muscle kinesiotherapy. The control group will be treated with the same protocol with LED device turned off. Response will be assessed with the Vaginal Maturation Index analysis, vaginal cytology, and questionnaires to evaluate urinary complains, sexual function, genital self-image and quality of life. Satisfaction will be assessed using a Visual Analog and Likert scale. Measurements will be performed pre-treatment, post-treatment week-3, and month-2 and 3.

Conclusions: We aim to identify the benefits of LED for breast cancer survivors with GSM.

Trial registration: Clinical trials registration number NCT03833726-version 2.0, July 28, 2019.
Tuberous sclerosis complex associated neuropsychiatric disorder in children: experience sharing from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen , Jahan Roushan
Published: May 2021

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder where there is multisystem involvement. Most important manifestations are neurological and psychiatric disorders. These disorders should be detected timely and addressed adequately. The common psychiatric disorders are autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability (ID), learning disorder etc. This study has been done to describe the pattern of psychiatric disorders in children with TSC.Methods: This is an observational study taken place in a tertiary care hospital taken place on Children of 0-18 years of age. The study subjects were 84 patients with TSC. Detail history and physical examination had been done along with neuroimaging, EEG and target organs screening. Different psychometric tool was used for psychiatric evaluation.  Results: Total 84 patients were included in this study, mean age was 7+3.96 years, 54% were female. Physical finding were as follows: ash leaf spot, shagreen patch, adenoma sebaceum, cafe au lait spot, rhabdomyoma, renal cyst and angiomyolipoma etc.  Seventy patients had epilepsy, most common being focal epilepsy (45.7%), 17.1% had epileptic spasm. Fifty percent patients had developmental delay. Regarding psychiatric disorders, most common disorder was ADHD in 27.38%, ASD in 23.81% and both in 10.71%. ID was found in 20.24% study subjects. Early onset of seizure was associated with more psychiatric disorders.Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of TSC are diverse and often are poorly addressed. The most commonly found disorders in this study were ADHD, ASD and ID. Early onset of seizure was associated with the psychiatric disorders in TSC.
Clinico-etiological profile of hospitalized paediatric patients: COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in a district hospital of Northern India during lockdown period
Authors: Kaur Ramanjot , Pandit Sadbhavna , Dhawan Neeraj
Published: May 2021

Background: With the sudden outbreak of coronavirus pandemic in 2020, there is a paucity of data on the clinical and epidemiological profile of COVID positive paediatric patients. Objective of the study was a retrospective analysis of both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases admitted to a district Hospital of Northern India.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Government Multi-speciality Hospital, Chandigarh from 22 March 2020 till 30 November 2020.Results: A total of 842 children were enrolled. Among neonates, 33% had sepsis as the major admitting diagnosis and SARI in children less than 1 year (excluding neonates) (33.5%) and in the 1-5 years age group (37.3%). In children more than 5 years, acute febrile illnesses were the main admitting diagnosis (50.4%). 204 patients (24.2%) were tested for COVID-19. 62 children (30.4%) were found to be positive. Asymptomatic children (74.2%) dominated the COVID-19 positive group. The most common symptom included fever (87.5%) with no reported mortality. Atypical symptoms (56.1%) were more common than respiratory symptoms. The majority of children had mild COVID-19 symptoms (62.6%). The unusual presentation of COVID-19 was in the form of acute appendicitis (6.2%) and renal vein thrombosis (6.2%) in the symptomatic group.Conclusions: For children with COVID-19, most of them were infected via family clustering, were asymptomatic, and had mild symptoms with an overall good prognosis. However, for atypical cases, a high suspicion of COVID-19 associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome should be kept in mind for early diagnosis.
Common malabsorption syndromes in different pediatrics age
Authors: Babonji Mohammed Saeed , Asiri Lujain Samir , Alamri Samia Mhros , Ajwa Ghada Ibrahim , Alsoliman Raghd Khalid , Ismail Lubna Nabil , Aljuhani Anmar Khalid , Bogis Albraa Mohammed , Alyamani Sahar Abdulrahman , Alsaif Sajidah Bader , Alsarhan Batool Khalid , Alzamzami Abdulghani Abdulaziz
Published: May 2021

The process of digestion involve many organs that include the small intestine, pancreas, gall bladder, related blood vessels and lymphatics. The small intestine which constitutes a large surface area of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The presence of the villi, absorptive spaces and enzymes directly contribute to the absorption of almost all elements. On the contrary, malabsorption syndromes is a condition that prevent the absorption of certain nutrients and fluids. Our present literature review mainly aimed to discuss the common malabsorption syndromes and their related etiologies in pediatric patients. We have classified our discussion based on the deficient nutrients for easy delivery and based on the specification of the etiology per each nutrient. Many studies have shown that some disease have been previously commonly reported with the development of different malabsorption syndromes such as inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, autoimmune enteropathies and other congenital disorders. Furthermore, patients with malabsorption syndromes usually present with diarrhoea, steatorrhea and other GIT symptoms such as idiopathic pain and flatulence, but there are no specific symptoms associated with any of these syndromes. Efforts should be directed to understand more about the pathophysiology of some disorders, especially the congenital and idiopathic ones in order to achieve a better management and to enhance the prognosis of the affected patients.
Health risk behaviour among adolescent students in higher secondary school of Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal
Authors: Shah Sanjaya Kumar , Duwal Shree Laxmi , Shah Richa , Bhatta Ramesh , Karki Rajesh , Chaudhary Anil
Published: May 2021

Background: Health-risk behaviours are those activities that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, disability, and social problems among youth and adults, often are established during childhood and adolescence, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The objective of the study was to assess health risk behaviours and their influencing factors among adolescent students in higher secondary school of Kathmandu metropolitan city.Methods: The study was a school based cross-sectional quantitative type. The study was conducted in three government schools of Kathmandu metropolitan city, Nepal. The purposive sampling technique was applied to select total 250 respondents from grade 11 and 12. The self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.Results: Study shows that majority of respondents were between aged 17-20 years, 62.4% were female and 76.8% from Hindu religion. Out of the total respondents, 6.4% smoked cigarettes, 18.4% drank alcohol and 6.8% used drugs. Regarding Initiation risk behaviour, 25% first smoked, 32.6% first drank alcohol and 11.76% first used drug at age <14 years (pre-adolescence). The major influencing factor for involving health risk behaviours are peer pressure (70.58%) followed by their curiosity (29.42). Likewise, this study revealed highly association between risk behaviours of respondents and peer pressure.Conclusions: Despite the widespread of knowledge about negative effect of health risk behaviours, the prevalence is of smoking, drinking alcohol and drug use is higher. There is urge need of initiation and activities regarding health risk behaviour targeting to preadolescents and adolescents’ students.
Smoking behaviour and its influencing factors among adult population in selected communities of rural Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Kazi R. , Rume M. I. R. , Roy Liton , Rahman Shahnaz , Rahman M. S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Tobacco is a leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in the majority of high-income countries, and it is becoming increasingly prevalent in low-income countries. This study aims to assess the smoking behavior among adult population in a selected community of Mymensing district.Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to assess the smoking behavior among the adult population in a selected community of Mymensing district. The study period was four months starting from June 2018 to September 2018. One hundred and eighty two (182) people were selected considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study taken informed written consent from all the participants. All the data were entered and analyzed by using statistical packages for social science (SPSS) software version 16.0 (Chicago).Results: This study revealed that the highest 53.3% of the respondents were smoking daily 11-15 cigarette/day. The highest 45.6% of the respondents were smoking for 6-10 years. 52.2% of the respondents were thinking depression influence on smoking. 66.5% of the respondents were thinking personal life problem influence on smoking. 42% start and continue smoking due to friends followed by 27% were due to stress and anxiety, 12% were for relaxation, 10% were personal life problem and 4% were start and continue smoke for pleasure and fun.Conclusions: It was observed that all of the respondents have given positive comment about the influence of television (TV)/media on cessation of tobacco use.
Effect of devolution of healthcare services on the motivation and retention of medical personnel in Bungoma County
Authors: Wafula Martin Alfred Wekesa , Masinde David , Olichina Sherry
Published: May 2021

Background: In struggle to achieve sustainable development goal (SDGS) number three ‘good health and well-being,’ populace is at liberty to be treated by a trained, motivated and valued medical workers. Nevertheless, the challenge of medical workers’ motivation and retention persist in Bungoma County, Kenya, Africa and universally. In a devolved healthcare system implementation, medical workers ‘motivation and retention is vital, but it has grown a predicament of devolution of healthcare. Transition of power from national to county governments has however created turbulence in enthusiasm and retention of medical workers at Bungoma County marked within consistency, poor understanding of health system, management issues and lack of coordination between the two levels of government.Methods: A cluster sample design was used to select 299 health care providers to participate in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and a Focus Group discussion guides.Results: In view of retention: 50.9% (152) of the respondents affirmed their zeal to remain working for Bungoma county while 49.1% (147) would walk out of which 26.9% (40) would prefer NGO, 11.7% (18) out of the country, 6.3% (10) in FBOs and 4.2% (7) in private institutions. Inadequate staff, transport, inadequate supportive supervision, essentials (gloves) contribute to dissatisfaction of medical workers.Conclusions: Senior medical professionals in specialized services are leaving Bungoma County for better working condition and the morale of staff is low due to remunerations.
Health systems strengthening: assessing the influence of organizational factors of community health volunteers on use of community based health information systems in selected counties, Kenya
Authors: Mambo Susan N. , Odhiambo-Otieno George W. , Ochieng’-Otieno George , Mwaura-Tenambergen Wanja
Published: May 2021

Background: WHO places health information as a key pillar of an effective health system (HS). HS strengthening has become a key focus of many nations. A paradigm shift from being disease specific focus to holistic strengthening of pillars of a HS. Kenya’s functionality of CbHMIS (community based health information systems)                                 stands at 55% down from 64% in year 2015, majorly contributed to by organization of community health volunteers (CHVs) work. The aim was to establish influence of organizational factors of CHVs on CbHMIS use in Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional design which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. Kiambu, Kajiado and Nairobi counties formed the study location. A systematic random sample of 366 respondents was drawn. Multistage sampling was used to identify the community units (CUs). Ethical clearance was obtained from KEMU, ethics and research committee (SERC), national commission for science, technology and innovation (NACOSTI) gave a research permit. 3 FGDs and 6 KIIs were conducted. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 to generate univariate and bivariate analysis at p<0.05 significance level. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Results were presented in form of graphs, tables, figures and narration.Results: Use of CbHMIS stood at 56.6%. Organizational factor explains 39.9% (R2=0.399) of total variations in the use of CbHMIS. Organizational factors of the CHVs were found to positively and significantly influence use of CbHMIS.Conclusions: Organizational factors influences use of CbHMIS by CHV. Government/partners to build CUs capacity on sustainable resource mobilization strategies.