bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-Creating a Transformative Learning Environment Through the Student-Supervisor Relationship: Results of a Social Work Field Placement Duo-Ethnography
Authors: Calderwood Kimberly A. , Rizzo Larissa N.
Published: April 2022

In an in-house third-year social work research placement, a duo-ethnography showed that the student–supervisor relationship had far more impact on transformative learning than the assigned placement tasks. A model for co-creating an environment of transformative learning is described, putting student learning and growth at the center. Attributes that contributed to a transformative learning environment included being Trustworthy, Respectful, Engaging, Caring, and Humble. A range of actions within each of these attributes is described. The findings showed that in this context, a crisis-type of disorienting dilemma did not occur. Rather, transformation evolved as part of a learning outcome that included the development of a professional identity as a social worker. Findings suggested the need for further exploration of the role that humility plays in reducing the power imbalance in the student–supervisor relationship. The importance of addressing self-care and avoiding models that risk perpetuating patriarchy in the student-supervisor relationship were highlighted.
The structure of the notation system in adults’ number line estimation: An eye-tracking study
Authors: MacKay Kelsey J , Germeys Filip , Van Dooren Wim , Verschaffel Lieven , Luwel Koen
Published: April 2022

Research on rational numbers suggests that adults experience more difficulties in understanding the numerical magnitude of rational than natural numbers. Within rational numbers, the numerical magnitude of fractions has been found to be more difficult to understand than that of decimals. Using a number line estimation (NLE) task, the current study investigated two sources of difficulty in adults’ numerical magnitude understanding: number type (natural vs rational) and structure of the notation system (place-value-based vs non-place-value-based). This within-subjects design led to four conditions: natural numbers (natural/place-value-based), decimals (rational/place-value-based), fractions (rational/non-place-value-based), and separated fractions (natural/non-place-value-based). In addition to percentage absolute error (PAE) and response times, we collected eye-tracking data. Results showed that participants estimated natural and place-value-based notations more accurately than rational and non-place-value-based notations, respectively. Participants were also slower to respond to fractions compared with the three other notations. Consistent with the response time data, eye-tracking data showed that participants spent more time encoding fractions and re-visited them more often than the other notations. Moreover, in general, participants spent more time positioning non-place-value-based than place-value-based notations on the number line. Overall, the present study contends that when both sources of difficulty are present in a notation (i.e., both rational and non-place-value-based), adults understand its numerical magnitude less well than when there is only one source of difficulty present (i.e., either rational or non-place-value-based). When no sources of difficulty are present in a notation (i.e., both natural and place-value-based), adults have the strongest understanding of its numerical magnitude.
An algorithmic reliability evaluation approach for a multi-state k-out-of-n:G system with nonidentical and large number of components
Authors: Kilic Asli , Iscioglu Funda
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the dynamic reliability analysis of two different three-state k-out-of- n:G systems that consist of independent and nonidentical components. Marginal and joint survival functions are represented by using permanents. Due to the permanent-based representations, it is hard to find out the survival probabilities when the number of components in the systems is large. Thus, we propose an effective algorithmic approach to evaluate the survival probabilities for the systems with large number of components. Also, for the dynamic performance evaluation of the three-state systems, non-homogeneous continuous time Markov (NHCTM) degradation process assumption is used. Survival probabilities of each system at different states with different number of components are provided and the results are discussed for both major and minor degradation processes.
The incidence and spectrum of congenital hand differences in patients with Fanconi anaemia: analysis of 48 patients
Authors: Bourke Grainne , Wilks Daniel , Kinsey Sally , Feltbower Richard G. , Giri Neelam , Alter Blanche P.
Published: April 2022

We analysed the spectrum of congenital hand differences in a cohort of patients with Fanconi anaemia (FA). Data of 48 FA patients at the National Cancer Institute were reviewed focusing on age at diagnosis, type and severity of limb difference and any potential association with other known clinical anomalies that are part of the FA phenotype, specifically VACTERL-H and PHENOS. Twenty-eight patients had an upper limb difference, which always included thumb hypoplasia. Twenty-three patients had bilateral upper limb differences, including varying combinations and severities of thumb hypoplasia, radial dysplasia and thumb duplication. Patients with a limb difference were diagnosed at a younger age (<2 years: 15/28 with limb anomaly versus 4/20 without a limb anomaly). However, 7/28 with limb anomalies, usually thumb hypoplasia, were not diagnosed until after 6 years of age. This study demonstrates the broad spectrum of radial ray anomalies within the FA phenotype along with the possibility of either unilateral or bilateral upper limb differences and adds further merit to consideration of screening for FA in all cases of radial ray anomaly.

Level of evidence: II
Residual stability of the distal radioulnar joint following ulnar styloid fracture: influence of the remnant distal radioulnar ligaments
Authors: Maniglio Mauro , Park Il Jung , Kuenzler Michael , A. Zumstein Matthias , McGarry Michelle H. , Lee Thay Q.
Published: April 2022

Clinical studies suggest that even untreated basal ulnar styloid fractures may not affect patient outcomes. This may be due to the remaining parts of the distal radioulnar ligament still attached providing sufficient residual stability of the distal radioulnar joint. We tested this hypothesis in a biomechanical cadaveric model. Dorsopalmar translation of the distal radioulnar joint and forearm rotation were measured. Seventeen specimens were tested after a simulated ulnar styloid fracture including the fovea, followed by transection of the remaining palmar ( n = 9) or dorsal ( n = 8) portions of the distal radioulnar ligament and finally with all remnants transected. Rotation and translation both increased significantly after the final transection compared with the foveal fracture. The increase in translation was larger after transection of the dorsal remnants. We conclude that in an ulnar styloid fracture including the fovea, some ligament components are still attached to the ulnar head, giving residual stability to the distal radioulnar joint.
Validity of a mobile-based specific test to estimate metabolic thresholds in boxers
Authors: de Oliveira Leonardo Borges , Sant’ Ana Jader , Freccia Guilherme Weiss , Coswig Victor Silveira , Diefenthaeler Fernando
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to investigate the validity of a boxing-specific test to predict anaerobic threshold (AT) using the heart rate deflection point (HRDP) in boxing athletes with mobile technology. Ten male boxing athletes performed the boxing-specific incremental test (TBOX). Maximal heart rate (HRMAX), HRDP, pace, maximal punch frequency (FPMAX), and punch frequency relative to HRDP (FPAT) were measured. Participants also performed an incremental running test on a treadmill (IT) as a reference test. Paired t-tests were performed to verify differences between the mean values of HRMAX and HRDP during TBOX and IT. Pearson linear correlation was applied to test correlations and the Bland and Altman visual analysis was used to verify the level of agreement. A significant level of p < 0.05 was adopted. The average HRDP was 174 ± 7 bpm, which corresponded to 92% of the observed HRMAX. FPAT and FPMAX presented values between 39 ± 4 and 73 ± 8 blows, respectively. No differences were found, and strong correlations were evidenced between TBOX and IT for HRMAX ( p = 0.281; r = 0.73) and heart rate response related to HRDP ( p = 0.096; r = 0.85). The 95% limits of agreement for the differences between TBOX and IT for HRMAX should be considered with bias by 2.1 ± 9.7 found between −7.65 and 11.85, as well as the 95% limits of agreement for the differences between TBOX and IT for HRDP with bias −2.3 ± 7.68 found between −9.98 and 5.38. HRMAX and HRDP obtained during TBOX leads us to infer that the test was well founded to estimate parameters associated with the aerobic power and aerobic capacity of boxing athletes. In addition, TBOX shows significant applicability for the aerobic assessment of boxers based on real competition movements and can be useful to determine and control training intensities.
Changing Trends in the Survival of Immunosuppressed Children with Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ritter Amit , Barzilai-Birenboim Shlomit , Rapana Olga Gordon , Fischer Salvador , Levy Itzhak , Soudry Ethan , Gilony Dror
Published: April 2022

Background

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has been associated with high mortality rates.

Objective

We aimed to explore the contribution of novel detection and treatment methods on the outcome of immunosuppressed children with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.

Methods

The records of all children with a hematologic or oncologic disease who developed acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis between 2005–2020 were reviewed.

Results

Thirty-four patients were included. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis were diagnosed in 20 patients (59%) and 12 patients (35%), respectively. Panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was associated with a change of treatment in 36% of patients. A more aggressive surgical approach as well as treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and novel antifungals were adopted in recent years. Overall, 26% of patients died of disease, however no disease-specific death occurred since 2012. Diagnosis using panfungal PCR ( p   =  .04) and treatment with novel antifungal medications ( p   =  .017) were significantly associated with disease-specific survival.

Conclusion

Enhanced fungal detection using panfungal PCR and treatment with novel antifungal agents, combined with rapid diagnosis and treatment, aggressive surgical approach and better control over the underlying oncological disease, may significantly improve the outcome of immunosuppressed children with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
Book review: Pritam Singh, Asha Bhandarker and Subir Verma, Role of Boards Building Sustainable Competitive Edge
Authors: Dhayanithy Deepak
Published: April 2022

Pritam Singh, Asha Bhandarker and Subir Verma, Role of Boards Building Sustainable Competitive Edge. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2021. 304 pp., ₹850 (Hardcover). ISBN-10: 9353887216; ISBN 13: 9789353887216
Studies on the second victim phenomenon and other related topics in the pan-European environment: The experience of ERNST Consortium members
Authors: Carrillo Irene , Tella Susanna , Strametz Reinhard , Vanhaecht Kris , Panella Massimiliano , Guerra-Paiva Sofia , Knezevic Bojana , Ungureanu Marius-Ionut , Srulovici Einav , Buttigieg Sandra , Sousa Paulo , Mira Jose
Published: April 2022

Background

Patient safety is a priority worldwide. When things go wrong in the provision of patient care, the healthcare professionals involved can be psychologically affected (second victims, SVs). Recently, different initiatives have been launched to address this phenomenon.

Aim

To identify through the ERNST Pan-European Consortium the current study lines in Europe on SVs and other topics related to how the lack of well-being of healthcare professionals can affect the quality of care.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted based on an ad hoc online survey. All 82 academics and clinicians who had formalized their membership to the COST Action 19113 by September 2020 and represented 27 European and one neighboring country were invited to participate. The survey consisted of 19 questions that explored the participants’ scientific profile, their interests, and previous experiences in the SVs’ topic, and related areas of work in Europe.

Results

Seventy (85.4%) COST Action members responded to the survey. Thirty-seven (37.1%) had conducted SV studies in the past or were doing so at the moment of the survey. Seventeen participants were involved in implementing interventions to support SVs. Future lines of study included legal issues, open disclosure, training programs, and patient safety curricula.

Conclusions

Studies have been conducted in Europe on the magnitude of the SV phenomenon and the usefulness of some techniques to promote resilience among healthcare professionals. New gaps have been identified. The COST Action 19113 aims to foster European collaboration to reinforce the healthcare professionals’ well-being and thus contribute to patient safety.
Molecular subclusters of follicular lymphoma: a report from the United Kingdom’s Haematological Malignancy Research Network
Authors: Crouch Simon , Painter Daniel , Barrans Sharon L. , Roman Eve , Beer Philip A. , Cooke Susanna L. , Glover Paul , Van Hoppe Suzan J.L. , Webster Nichola , Lacy Stuart E. , Ruiz Camilo , Campbell Peter J. , Hodson Daniel J. , Patmore Russell , Burton Cathy , Smith Alexandra , Tooze Reuben M.
Published: April 2022

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is morphologically and clinically diverse, with mutations in epigenetic regulators alongside t(14;18) identified as disease-initiating events. Identification of additional mutational entities confirms this cancer’s heterogeneity, but whether mutational data can be resolved into mechanistically distinct subsets remains an open question. Targeted sequencing was applied to an unselected population-based FL cohort (n = 548) with full clinical follow-up (n = 538), which included 96 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformations. We investigated whether molecular subclusters of FL can be identified and whether mutational data provide predictive information relating to transformation. DNA extracted from FL samples was sequenced with a 293-gene panel representing genes frequently mutated in DLBCL and FL. Three clusters were resolved using mutational data alone, independent of translocation status: FL_aSHM, with high burden of aberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM) targets; FL_STAT6, with high STAT6 & CREBBP mutation and low aSHM; and FL_Com, with the absence of features of other subtypes and enriched KMT2D mutation. Analysis of mutation signatures demonstrated differential enrichment of predicted mutation signatures between subgroups and a dominant preference in the FL_aSHM subgroup for G(C>T)T and G(C>T)C transitions consistent with previously defined aSHM-like patterns. Of transformed cases with paired samples, 17 of 26 had evidence of branching evolution. Poorer overall survival (OS) in the aSHM group (P = .04) was associated with older age; however, overall tumor genetics provided limited information to predict individual patient risk. Our approach identifies 3 molecular subclusters of FL linked to differences in underlying mechanistic pathways. These clusters, which may be further resolved by the inclusion of translocation status and wider mutation profiles, have implications for understanding pathogenesis as well as improving treatment strategies in the future.
Megakaryocyte/platelet-derived TGF-β1 inhibits megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow by regulating thrombopoietin production in liver
Authors: Gostynska Sandra , Venkatesan Thamizhiniyan , Subramani Kumar , Cortez Brienne , Robertson Amanda , Subrahmanian Sandeep , Dube Pratibha , Ahamed Jasimuddin
Published: April 2022

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulates a wide variety of events in adult bone marrow (BM), including quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells, via undefined mechanisms. Because megakaryocytes (MKs)/platelets are a rich source of TGF-β1, we assessed whether TGF-β1 might inhibit its own production by comparing mice with conditional inactivation of Tgfb1 in MKs (PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox) and control mice. PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice had ∼30% more MKs in BM and ∼15% more circulating platelets than control mice (P < .001). Thrombopoietin (TPO) levels in plasma and TPO expression in liver were approximately twofold higher in PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox than in control mice (P < .01), whereas TPO expression in BM cells was similar between these mice. In BM cell culture, TPO treatment increased the number of MKs from wild-type mice by approximately threefold, which increased approximately twofold further in the presence of a TGF-β1–neutralizing antibody and increased the number of MKs from PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice approximately fourfold. Our data reveal a new role for TGF-β1 produced by MKs/platelets in regulating its own production in BM via increased TPO production in the liver. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanism.
SIRPα+ macrophages are increased in patients with FL who progress or relapse after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab
Authors: Marques-Piubelli Mario L. , Parra Edwin R. , Feng Lei , Soto Luisa Solis , Gallardo Mariana , Gouni Sushanth , Samaniego Felipe , Noorani Mansoor , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Westin Jason R. , Lee Hun Ju , Rodriguez Maria A. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Gunther Jillian R. , Fowler Nathan H. , Flowers Christopher R. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Vega Francisco , Strati Paolo
Published: April 2022

Limited data exist regarding the outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who relapse or progress after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab (R2). Moreover, mechanisms of resistance to R2 in FL remain unclear, with increased protumoral macrophages suspected as a major contributory culprit to this phenomenon. This retrospective study analyzed the outcome of patients with advanced-stage FL grade 1 to 3A who relapsed or progressed after frontline R2. A multiplex immunofluorescence macrophage panel, including CD47, CD14, CD68, CD115 (also known as colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R]), CD163, CD172a (also known as signal regulatory protein α [SIRPα]), and CD274 (also known as programmed cell death-ligand 1 [PDL1]), was used to stain tissue biopsy specimens collected before initiation of R2 and at the time of progression. Among 156 patients with advanced-stage FL treated with frontline R2, 33 (21%) relapsed or progressed and required second-line therapy, after a median of 33 months (range, 1-122 months). Second-line therapy was chemoimmunotherapy in 16 (48%) patients and other therapy in 17 (52%). The overall response rate was 78%, and complete response rate was 72%. Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients who received chemoimmunotherapy compared with other therapy (99 vs 25 months; P = .004). Three macrophage populations were significantly increased in tissue samples collected at progression compared with before frontline treatment: CD68+CD115+ (P = .02), CD68+CD115+CD172a+ (P = .02), and CD68+CD163+CD172a+ (P = .01). Chemoimmunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with FL who relapse after frontline R2. Therapies targeting specific macrophage populations may yield novel approaches for improving outcomes with frontline R2.
Combined miRNA and SERS urine liquid biopsy for the point-of-care diagnosis and molecular stratification of bladder cancer
Authors: Moisoiu Tudor , Dragomir Mihnea P. , Iancu Stefania D. , Schallenberg Simon , Birolo Giovanni , Ferrero Giulio , Burghelea Dan , Stefancu Andrei , Cozan Ramona G. , Licarete Emilia , Allione Alessandra , Matullo Giuseppe , Iacob Gheorghita , Bálint Zoltán , Badea Radu I. , Naccarati Alessio , Horst David , Pardini Barbara , Leopold Nicolae , Elec Florin
Published: April 2022

Background

Bladder cancer (BC) has the highest per-patient cost of all cancer types. Hence, we aim to develop a non-invasive, point-of-care tool for the diagnostic and molecular stratification of patients with BC based on combined microRNAs (miRNAs) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) profiling of urine.

Methods

Next-generation sequencing of the whole miRNome and SERS profiling were performed on urine samples collected from 15 patients with BC and 16 control subjects (CTRLs). A retrospective cohort (BC = 66 and CTRL = 50) and RT-qPCR were used to confirm the selected differently expressed miRNAs. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and random forest), which were trained to discriminate between BC and CTRL, using as input either miRNAs, SERS, or both. The molecular stratification of BC based on miRNA and SERS profiling was performed to discriminate between high-grade and low-grade tumors and between luminal and basal types.

Results

Combining SERS data with three differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-205-3p, miR-210-3p) yielded an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 in discriminating between BC and CTRL, an accuracy which was superior either to miRNAs (AUC = 0.84 ± 0.03) or SERS data (AUC = 0.84 ± 0.05) individually. When evaluating the classification accuracy for luminal and basal BC, the combination of miRNAs and SERS profiling averaged an AUC of 0.95 ± 0.03 across the three machine learning algorithms, again better than miRNA (AUC = 0.89 ± 0.04) or SERS (AUC = 0.92 ± 0.05) individually, although SERS alone performed better in terms of classification accuracy.

Conclusion

miRNA profiling synergizes with SERS profiling for point-of-care diagnostic and molecular stratification of BC. By combining the two liquid biopsy methods, a clinically relevant tool that can aid BC patients is envisaged.
Divergent and non-parallel evolution of MHC IIB in the Neotropical Midas cichlid species complex
Authors: Bracamonte Seraina E. , Hofmann Melinda J. , Lozano-Martín Carlos , Eizaguirre Christophe , Barluenga Marta
Published: April 2022

Background

Ecological diversification is the result of divergent natural selection by contrasting habitat characteristics that favours the evolution of distinct phenotypes. This process can happen in sympatry and in allopatry. Habitat-specific parasite communities have the potential to drive diversification among host populations by imposing selective pressures on their host's immune system. In particular, the hyperdiverse genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are implicated in parasite-mediated host divergence. Here, we studied the extent of divergence at MHC, and discuss how it may have contributed to the Nicaraguan Midas cichlid species complex diversification, one of the most convincing examples of rapid sympatric parallel speciation.

Results

We genotyped the MHC IIB for individuals from six sympatric Midas cichlid assemblages, each containing species that have adapted to exploit similar habitats. We recovered large allelic and functional diversity within the species complex. While most alleles were rare, functional groups of alleles (supertypes) were common, suggesting that they are key to survival and that they were maintained during colonization and subsequent radiations. We identified lake-specific and habitat-specific signatures for both allelic and functional diversity, but no clear pattern of parallel divergence among ecomorphologically similar phenotypes.

Conclusions

Colonization and demographic effects of the fish could have contributed to MHC evolution in the Midas cichlid in conjunction with habitat-specific selective pressures, such as parasites associated to alternative preys or environmental features. Additional ecological data will help evaluating the role of host–parasite interactions in the Midas cichlid radiations and aid in elucidating the potential role of non-parallel features differentiating crater lake species assemblages.
Clinical observation of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive high myopia in Chinese children: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Shouming , Liu Yuanlong , Ma Shuting , Li Lixia , Mao Yanyan
Published: April 2022

Objective

To observe the efficacy and safety of posterior sclera reinforcement over time.

Methods

This retrospective single-arm cohort study included children with high myopia who underwent the modified Snyder-Thompson type posterior sclera reinforcement surgery from 03/2015 to 08/2018 at Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CRC), AL/CRC, refractive error, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed from 1 year before the operation to 2 years after.

Results

Nineteen children (33 eyes) with high myopia were included. The patients were 4.9 ± 2.7 (range, 2–10) years of age (three patients were 10 years old, all others were ≤ 7 years old). AL increased from 1 year before surgery to 2 years after surgery (from 25.31 ± 1.59 to 26.76 ± 1.52,P < 0.001). The refractive error was smaller 1 year before surgery than at the other timepoints (allP < 0.05). BCVA improved over time (P < 0.001). Changes over time were also observed in horizontal CRC (hCRC), AL/hCRC, AL/vertical CRC (vCRC), and AL/CRC (allP < 0.001), but not in vCRC (P= 0.304). The increase of AL at 2 years after surgery was smaller than at 1 year before surgery and 1 year after surgery (bothP < 0.001). The increase of AL/CRC at 2 years after surgery was smaller than at 1 year before surgery (0.04 ± 0.04 vs. 0.07 ± 0.04;P = 0.008).

Conclusion

In the short term, posterior scleral reinforcement surgery can delay the increase of AL of progressive high myopia.
Suicidal behaviours among Ugandan university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Arinaitwe Innocent , Muwanguzi Moses , Nduhuura Elicana , Kajjimu Jonathan , Kule Moses , Najjuka Sarah Maria , Nkola Rahel , Ajuna Noble , Wamala Nicholas Kisaakye , Machacha Ivan , Mamun Mohammed A. , Ho Cyrus Su-Hui , Griffiths Mark D. , Rukundo Godfrey Zari
Published: April 2022

Background

Suicide remains the leading cause of death among university students often resulting from multiple physical and psychological challenges. Moreover, suicidal behaviours among students appear to have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic according to some studies.

Objective

To explore the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among university students in Uganda.

Methods

Cross-sectional study data were collected from May to September 2021 from 540 undergraduate university students in south-western Uganda (363 males, mean age 23.3 years). Questions from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess suicidal ideation, while other bespoke questions were used to assess suicide plans and attempts. The survey also investigated the suicide attempt/plan method, location of the suicidal activity, and reason for not enacting the suicide plan. Three independent regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with different forms of suicidal behaviours.

Results

The prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviours was 31.85% for suicidal ideation, 8.15% for suicide plans, and 6.11% for suicide attempts. Having a chronic physical medical condition increased the likelihood of having all forms of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal ideation was associated with having difficulty paying university tuition fees. However, being in the fifth year of university education, and feeling satisfied with current academic grades reduced the likelihood of suicidal ideation. Individuals feeling satisfied with academic performance appeared to be a protective factor against having suicide plans. Suicide attempts were associated with having a history of sexual abuse and having difficulty paying university tuition fees. The most common method used for attempted suicide was a drug overdose, and the most common location for attempted suicide was their homes.

Conclusion

University students have prevalent suicide behaviours especially among students with a chronic physical medical condition, a history of sexual abuse, and problems paying university tuition fees. Based on the present study, for students at risk, universities should provide appropriate interventions such as life skills education and suicide prevention techniques.
The online learning experience and reported headaches associated with screen exposure time among Saudi health sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly , Baatiah Nada Yasser , Bashaweeh Alia Hamdi , Kattan Abdullah Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global health issue and has significantly impacted university education. As a result, learning methods have been shifted to be delivered through online learning. Online learning has increased reliance on computer screens, which can cause visual discomfort and may cause or exacerbate headaches due to prolonged screen exposure. However, time spent using electronic devices has not yet been examined in relation to the online learning experience.

Purpose

This study assessed the online learning experiences and reported headaches associated with screen exposure time among health sciences university students.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among a convenience sample of 353 students at Saudi University. Online learning experiences, screen time exposure, and reported headache questionnaires were used to collect the data.

Results

Students were moderately satisfied with the online learning experience. Nevertheless, they faced many challenges with online learning that affected their communication efficacy, and they preferred that blended learning be continued. In addition, this study found a high prevalence of headache (65.72%) and a high screen exposure time among the studied students (52.69%). Increased screen time exposure is linked with increased headache and migraine reporting among students (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Headache is a common health issue among health professional students, and it can harm their academic performance and quality of life, especially related to online learning. Greater awareness of headaches, stress reduction and prevention programs, and ergonomic practices to deal with headaches are essential. Blended learning approaches can improve student learning and performance in health science courses.
The association between assisted reproductive technology and cardiac remodeling in fetuses and early infants: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bi Wenjing , Xiao Yangjie , Wang Xin , Cui Li , Song Guang , Yang Zeyu , Zhang Ying , Ren Weidong
Published: April 2022

Background

Limited data exist regarding the potential impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on cardiac remodeling. In particular, whether different ART techniques are related to different cardiac alterations remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate cardiac changes in fetuses and infants arising from ART and fetal cardiac alterations in fetuses conceived by specific ART procedures.

Methods

This prospective and observational cohort study recruited 111 fetuses conceived by ART and 106 spontaneously conceived controls between December 2017 and April 2019. Echocardiography was performed between 28+0 and 32+6 weeks-of-gestation and at 0–2 and 6 months after birth.

Results

A total of 88 ART fetuses and 85 controls were included in the final analysis. Compared to controls, ART fetuses demonstrated a globular enlarged left ventricle (LV) (LV sphericity index of mid-section, 2.29 ± 0.34 vs. 2.45 ± 0.39, P = 0.006; LV area, 262.33 ± 45.96 mm2 vs. 244.25 ± 47.13 mm2, P = 0.002), a larger right ventricle (RV) (RV area, 236.10 ± 38.63 mm2 vs. 221.14 ± 42.60 mm2, P = 0.003) and reduced LV systolic deformation (LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), −19.56% ± 1.90% vs. −20.65% ± 1.88%, P = 0.013; LV GLS rate S, −3.32 ± 0.36 s-1 vs. −3.58 ± 0.39 s-1, P = 0.023). There were no significant differences between the ART and control groups at postnatal follow-ups. Furthermore, we found fetal cardiac morphometry and function were comparable between different ART procedures. Compared to controls, the fetuses derived from various ART procedures all exhibited impairments in the LV GLS and the LV GLS rate S.

Conclusions

Our analysis demonstrated that subclinical cardiac remodeling and dysfunction were evident in ART fetuses, although these alterations did not persist in early infancy. In addition, various ART procedures may cause the same unfavorable changes in the fetal heart.

Trial registration

This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) (ChiCTR1900021672) on March 4, 2019, retrospectively registered.
Pathological count of IgG4-positive plasmacytes suggests extraophthalmic involvement and relapse in patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Yiqun , Meng Fengxi , Ren Hui , Yue Han , Xue Kang , Zhang Rui
Published: April 2022

Background

IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4ROD) is a phenotype of IgG4-related disease (IgG4RD) with ophthalmic involvement. The pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count has only been used for diagnosis. We aimed to explore its possible clinical value in the management of IgG4ROD.

Methods

Fifty-five pathologically diagnosed IgG4ROD patients were included, and their clinical, pathological, serological, and radiological findings and treatment outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. The pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte counts in lesions from different anatomic sites were compared, and their association with serum IgG4 concentrations, systemic involvement, and relapse risk was analyzed.

Results

The patients were divided into groups according to the anatomic site of their biopsied lesions, namely, the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscle, and orbital soft tissue. No significant difference was found in the pathological IgG4+ plasma cell counts among these groups (p = 0.975). The pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count positively correlated with the IgG4 concentration in peripheral blood (R2 = 0.5469, p < 0.001). The serum IgG4 concentration and the pathological infiltrating IgG4+ plasmacyte count were significantly higher in patients with extraophthalmic involvement (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) of the serum IgG4 level and pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count for identifying systemic involvement were 0.897 (p < 0.001) and 0.759 (p = 0.015), respectively. The patients with relapse had higher levels of serum IgG4, more germinal centers (GCs), and infiltrating IgG4+ plasmacytes in lesions. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a pathological IgG4+ plasmacyte count of > 150/high-power field (HPF) and an elevated serum IgG4 level of > 500 mg/dL were risk factors for relapse after steroid treatment.

Conclusions

Lesions from different ophthalmic sites in IgG4ROD patients have similar counts of IgG4+ and IgG+ plasmacytes. The quantity of pathological IgG4+ plasmacytes corresponded to the serum IgG4 concentration in patients with IgG4ROD and could be meaningful in identifying systemic involvement and predicting subsequent relapse.
Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk and exercise duration among asymptomatic sedentary male individuals participating in Islamic prayer (Salaah)
Authors: Jalal Abdul Hamid , Noorbhai Habib
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk among asymptomatic sedentary males participating in Islamic prayer, alongside various exercise durations and age groups.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was used. Sedentary male participants (n = 243) completed an online 78-point self-administered CVD risk questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to determine the research findings. For statistical rigour, participants were divided into two age groups. Participants were divided into three categories based on current exercise durations. Inter-group comparisons were completed using a one-way ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore significant relationships. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Version 26, IBM). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The 21–30 age group 71.09% (7.53) and the 31–40 age group 72.74% (5.53) presented with Knowledge of CVD risk and prevention scores which indicated that older individuals were more knowledgeable about CVD risk and prevention. A significant difference [95% CI (− 6.76: 1.28), (p = 0.002)] existed among the 10–60-min and 61–140-min exercise duration categories. A significant difference (p = 0.006) was also found for inter-group comparisons. This result confirmed variability with duration categories. Significant differences were found between overall knowledge of CVD scores within the two age groups (p = 0.03). A negative correlation was demonstrated regarding knowledge of CVD risk and prevention, and duration of exercise (r = − 0.252; p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Knowledge about CVD risk and prevention is crucial for understanding the risk factors for CVD. The older individuals become, the more knowledgeable they are of CVD risk and prevention factors. Results show more inactive people are less likely to seek out knowledge of CVD risk and prevention. The study recommends that sedentary populations should engage in public health information interventions, physical activity (such as Salaah) and healthy lifestyle modifications. This will inform, increase awareness, and improve understanding of prevention strategies and risk factors for CVD.
The diversity and evolution of electric organs in Neotropical knifefishes
Authors: Bray Isabelle E. , Alshami Ilham J. J. , Kudoh Tetsuhiro
Published: April 2022

The Gymnotiformes, also known as the South American or Neotropical knifefishes, include the strongly electric Electrophorus electricus and many other weakly electric species. These fish possess specialised electric organs that are able to release electric discharges into the water, for electrolocation and communication, and sometimes for predation and defence. All Gymnotiform species possess a myogenic electric organ (mEO) derived from the muscle tissue, and members of the Apteronotidae family uniquely possess a neurogenic electric organ (nEOs) derived from the nervous tissue. A mEO may consist of ‘Type A’ electrocytes that develop within the tail muscle (for example, in Apteronotus leptorhynchus), or ‘Type B’ electrocytes that develop below the tail muscle (for example, in Brachyhypopomus gauderio). In this review, we discuss the diversity in the anatomy, electric discharge and development of electric organs found in different Gymnotiform species, as well as the ecological and environmental factors that have likely contributed to this diversity. We then describe various hypotheses regarding the evolution of electric organs, and discuss the potential evolutionary origin of the nEO: a pair of nerve cords that are located on either side of the aorta in B. gauderio, and which may have expanded and developed into a nEO in the Apteronotidae family during its evolution from a common ancestral species. Finally, we compare potential Gymnotiform phylogenies and their supporting evidence.
Exploring the economic impact of inappropriate antibiotic use: the case of upper respiratory tract infections in Ghana
Authors: Janssen Jip , Afari-Asiedu Samuel , Monnier Annelie , Abdulai Martha Ali , Tawiah Theresa , Wertheim Heiman , Baltussen Rob , Asante Kwaku Poku
Published: April 2022

Background

Antibiotic consumption is increasing worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Access to lifesaving antibiotics in LMICs is crucial while minimising inappropriate use. Studies assessing the economic impact of inappropriate antibiotic use in LMICs are lacking. We explored the economic impact of inappropriate antibiotic use using the example of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in Ghana, as part of the ABACUS (AntiBiotic ACcess and USe) project.

Methods

A top-down, retrospective economic impact analysis of inappropriate antibiotic use for URIs was conducted. Two inappropriate antibiotic use situations were considered: (1) URIs treated with antibiotics, against recommendations from clinical guidelines; and (2) URIs that should have been treated with antibiotics according to clinical guidelines, but were not. The analysis included data collected in Ghana during the ABACUS project (household surveys and exit-interviews among consumers buying antibiotics), scientific literature and stakeholder consultations. Included cost types related to health care seeking behaviour for URIs. Additionally, cost saving projections were computed based on potential effects of future interventions that improve antibiotic use.

Results

Health care costs related to inappropriate antibiotic use for URIs were estimated to be around 20 million (M) USD annually, including 18 M USD for situation 1 and 2 M USD for situation 2. Travel costs and lost income due to travel, together, were estimated to be around 44 M USD for situation 1 and 18 M USD for situation 2. Possible health care cost savings range from 2 to 12 M USD for situation 1 and from 0.2 to 1 M USD for situation 2.

Conclusions

This study indicates that inappropriate antibiotic use leads to substantial economic costs in a LMIC setting that could have been prevented. We recommend investment in novel strategies to counter these unnecessary expenditures. As the projections indicate, this may result in considerable cost reductions. By tackling inappropriate use, progress can be made in combatting antibiotic resistance.
Donor T cells for CAR T cell therapy
Authors: Tang Tiffany C. Y. , Xu Ning , Nordon Robert , Haber Michelle , Micklethwaite Kenneth , Dolnikov Alla
Published: April 2022

Adoptive cell therapy using patient-derived chimeric receptor antigen (CAR) T cells redirected against tumor cells has shown remarkable success in treating hematologic cancers. However, wider accessibility of cellular therapies for all patients is needed. Manufacture of patient-derived CAR T cells is limited by prolonged lymphopenia in heavily pre-treated patients and risk of contamination with tumor cells when isolating T cells from patient blood rich in malignant blasts. Donor T cells provide a good source of immune cells for adoptive immunotherapy and can be used to generate universal off-the-shelf CAR T cells that are readily available for administration into patients as required. Genome editing tools such as TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9 and non-gene editing methods such as short hairpin RNA and blockade of protein expression are currently used to enhance CAR T cell safety and efficacy by abrogating non-specific toxicity in the form of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and preventing CAR T cell rejection by the host.
Human sweat-based wearable glucose sensor on cotton fabric for real-time monitoring
Authors: Singh Anoop , Sharma Asha , Arya Sandeep
Published: April 2022

In this work, a human sweat-based wearable sensor for real-time glucose monitoring has been fabricated on a cotton substrate after treating it with a two-step polymerization of pyrrole. The pyrrole-treated fabric was coated with solution of copper sulphate pentahydrate to grow Cu layer. The cotton/pyrrole/Cu fabric was treated with the solutions of copper acetate and manganese acetate to form Cu–Mn transition-metal alloy via electrochemical deposition technique. Results indicate that the developed sensor is reliable with glucose detection limit of 125 µM and 378 µM. In addition, the sensor output ranged between 50 and 400 µM glucose with coefficient of correlation, R2 = 0.983, indicating a linear range of output current. The sensor's response is not significantly affected by interferents. The developed sensor is also validated on human sweat with satisfactory results.
Rhizosheath–root system changes exopolysaccharide content but stabilizes bacterial community across contrasting seasons in a desert environment
Authors: Marasco Ramona , Fusi Marco , Mosqueira Maria , Booth Jenny Marie , Rossi Federico , Cardinale Massimiliano , Michoud Grégoire , Rolli Eleonora , Mugnai Gianmarco , Vergani Lorenzo , Borin Sara , De Philippis Roberto , Cherif Ameur , Daffonchio Daniele
Published: April 2022

Background

In hot deserts daily/seasonal fluctuations pose great challenges to the resident organisms. However, these extreme ecosystems host unique microenvironments, such as the rhizosheath–root system of desert speargrasses in which biological activities and interactions are facilitated by milder conditions and reduced fluctuations. Here, we examined the bacterial microbiota associated with this structure and its surrounding sand in the desert speargrass Stipagrostis pungens under the contrasting environmental conditions of summer and winter in the Sahara Desert.

Results

The belowground rhizosheath–root system has higher nutrient and humidity contents, and cooler temperatures than the surrounding sand. The plant responds to the harsh environmental conditions of the summer by increasing the abundance and diversity of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) compared to the winter. On the contrary, the bacterial community associated with the rhizosheath–root system and its interactome remain stable and, unlike the bulk sand, are unaffected by the seasonal environmental variations. The rhizosheath–root system bacterial communities are consistently dominated by Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria and form distinct bacteria communities from those of bulk sand in the two seasons. The microbiome-stabilization mediated by the plant host acts to consistently retain beneficial bacteria with multiple plant growth promoting functions, including those capable to produce EPS, which increase the sand water holding capacity ameliorating the rhizosheath micro-environment.

Conclusions

Our results reveal the capability of plants in desert ecosystems to stabilize their below ground microbial community under seasonal contrasting environmental conditions, minimizing the heterogeneity of the surrounding bulk sand and contributing to the overall holobiont resilience under poly-extreme conditions.