bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception of awareness of information and communication technologies among yam farmers in Ikom Agricultural Zone, Cross River state, Nigeria
Authors: Effiong J.B. , Aboh C.L. , Aya C.F.
Published: November 2021

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the awareness of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among yam farmers in Ikom Agricultural Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; identify the types of ICTs available to yam farmers, ascertain the level of awareness of ICTs among yam farmers and ascertain the effects of ICTs on yam production in the study area. Questionnaires were used to obtain data from respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and ranks. Result of types of ICTs available among the yam farmers showed that radio was ̅=3.70, Mobile phones were ̅=3.50 while television had ̅=3.11 and were the most available ICTs accessed by yam farmers in the study area. Findings on the level of awareness indicated that Radio ( ̅=1.78) ranked 1st, television ( ̅=1.70) ranked 2nd while, mobile phone ( ̅=1.66) ranked 3rd and were the ICTs that the farmers had greater awareness. Results on the perceived effects of ICTs on yam production revealed that ICTs reduce cost of interaction among yam farmers, enhanced decision-making among farmers and also strengthen partnership with research and extension. However, serious constraints to the use of ICT facilities by farmers were identified such as; poor finance, erratic power supply and cost of use of ICT tools. The result of this study showed that yam farmers in Ikom Agricultural Zone utilized conventional ICTs tools more than contemporary tools in yam production. The study therefore concluded that, there is a commendable level of awareness of information and communication technologies among yam farmers in Ikom Agricultural Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.
Factors affecting multiple climate change adaptation practices of smallholder farmers in lower Eastern Kenya
Authors: Mogaka Hezron R. , Muriithi Lydia N.
Published: November 2021

The study investigated the socioeconomic and institutional factors influencing uptake of multiple climate change adaptation practices among smallholder farmers in lower Eastern Kenya. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 384 small-scale farmers. Percentage and regression were used in the analysis. Among the socio-economic factors, gender positively and significantly influenced adoption of conservation agriculture and water harvesting at 5%, respectively. Among the institutional factors, distance to markets positively or negatively influenced uptake of all the technologies at 1% and 5%, respectively. Due to complementarity in adoption of all the seven adaptation practices, age and distance to nearest markets should be considered during technology dissemination. The study, therefore, calls for agricultural policy reforms that aim at designing incentive programmes which adequately address most of the socioeconomic and institutional issues related to uptake of adaptation practices as well as encouraging off-farm diversification.
Determinants of farmers’ knowledge on soil and water conservation technologies in dry zones of Central Highlands, Kenya
Authors: Njenga Maureen W. , Mugwe Jayne N. , Mogaka Hezron R. , Nyabuga George , Oduor Nathan , Kiboi Milka , Ngetich Felix , Mucheru-Muna Monicah , Sijali Isaya , Mugendi Daniel
Published: November 2021

This study ascertained the socioeconomic determinants of farmers’ knowledge on soil and water conservation technologies in Dry zones of Central Highlands of Kenya involving 400 farming households. Results showed that the majority of the farmers had inadequate knowledge on the use and benefits of soil and water conservation technologies. The socio-economic factors that influence knowledge levels of the knowledge-intensive technologies were education level, gender, perceptions on soil fertility, farmer group membership, access to training, farm size, access to credit, number of livestock kept and access to farm equipment. This implies that there is the need to come up with an all-inclusive policy that can be employed in improving farmer’s level of knowledge through the use of more innovative methods of information dissemination. This can be done by strengthening the existing farmer groups, enhancing extension services, and also formulating gender-friendly policies.
A new sensitive HPLC/UV method for simultaneous determination of paclitaxel, sorafenib and omeprazole in standard solutions and spiked plasma: Application to in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of paclitaxel polymeric nanoformulations
Authors: Sakhi Mirina , Khan Abad , Khan Ismail , Iqbal Zafar , Khan Sumaira Irum , Khattak Muzna Ali , Ullah Fahim , Aman Akhtar , Alam Mehboob
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To develop a simple, novel, sensitive and rapid reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of paclitaxel, sorafenib and omeprazole in standard solutions and spiked human plasma and its application to the in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of paclitaxel polymeric nanoparticle formulations.Methods: The method was tested for the assessment of paclitaxel, omeprazole and sorafenib using tamoxifen citrate as internal standard. The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 235 nm using Thermo HS C18 column, 40 °C column oven temperature, acetonitrile and water (70:30 v/v, pH 3.37 adjusted with phosphoric acid) as a mobile phase and at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. All analytes were extracted by simple protein precipitation method using acetonitrile. The linearity was assessed in the concentration range of 1 - 2000 ng/mL for paclitaxel, omeprazole and sorafenib.Results: The developed chromatographic method effectively separated omeprazole, paclitaxel, sorafenib and IS with retention time of 3.93, 5.18, 6.43 and 9.93 min, respectively. The chromatograms of the three target compounds and IS showed good resolution and peak separation. The LOD of the method was 1, 5 and. 5 ng/mL while the LOQ was 2, 7.5 and 10 ng/mL, for paclitaxel, sorafenib and omeprazole, respectively.Conclusion: The proposed RP-HPLC–UV method for the assessment of paclitaxel, sorafenib and omeprazole in standard solutions and spiked plasma is simple, economical, sensitive and robust. The method is also suitable for the analysis of paclitaxel in nanoformulations and for its pharmacokinetic studies in an animal model.
Klotho protects chondrocyte viability via FOXO1/3 in osteoarthritis
Authors: Wei Wei , Ji Liefeng , Duan Wanli , Zhu Jiang
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Klotho and FOXO1/3 on the CH viability in OA.Methods: The survival rate of CHs, Klotho and FOXO1/3 protein expression, and ROS production were measured in the OA cartilages of different degenerative phases. H2O2 was also used to injure CHs, and the cell viability, Klotho and FOXO1/3 expressions, as well as ROS levels were investigated to clarify the effect of exogenic Klotho on the injured CHs. Additionally, in order to verify the role of FOXO1/3 in Klotho-treated CHs, SOD2, GPX1, inflammatory factors, collagen I/II, SOX9, and Runx-2 levels were analyzed by silencing FOXO1 and FOXO3 expression via siRNA transfection.Results: Klotho and FOXO1/3 expressions significantly decreased, and ROS production increased in severely human OA cartilage (p <0.05). Besides, H2O2 affected CHs viability with the suppression of Klotho and FOXO1/3 expression but ROS production was elevated. Exogenic Klotho application partly reversed the injury caused by H2O2. Furthermore, Klotho treatment of the injured CHs contributed to SOD2 and GPX1 expressions, and suppressed IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-13 production, resulting in  the upregulation of collagen II and SOX9 as well as downregulation of collagen I and Runx-2. However, the protective effect of Klotho was weakened by FOXO1 and FOXO3 gene silencing.Conclusion: Klotho protects CHs viability by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, which is associated with the mediation of FOXO1 and FOXO3. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of OA.
Assessment of lifestyle, herbs, dietary and pharmacological preventive measures used among the public in Jordan to boost immunity during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Issa Reem , Albals Dima , Yehya Ala , Shriedh Fayez
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To assess the methods and practices for strengthening immunity and limiting virus spread among the public during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the public in Jordan. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle practices, and intakes of herbs, vitamins, diet, and medications during the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed.Results: A total of 1048 participants completed the survey, 75 % of which were females and 60 % were in the age group of 18 - 34 years. The majority (75 %) agreed that staying at home along with social distancing would be their best protective measure, combined with hygienic practices and disinfection (71 %). Ginger and mint (49 and 45 %), vitamins D and C (52 and 34 %;) were predominantly used. Of the participants, 77 and 66 %, respectively increased their consumption of citrus fruits and foods rich in vitamin C, when they experienced influenza-like symptoms, while 13 and 18 % of the participants used antibiotics and paracetamol, respectively. Moreover, 61 and 63 % of participants were aware of the guidelines on the use of antibiotics and NSAIDs for the treatment of viral infections.Conclusion: The public practices reflect the positive beliefs about lifestyle practices, and the use of herbs, vitamins, dietary supplements, and medication intake. There is a need to promote healthy practices and increase awareness of rational drug use.
Cytotoxic activity of silver nanoparticles prepared from Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) extracts
Authors: Bar Fatma M. Abdel , Habib Mohamed M Abu , El-Senduny Fardous F. , Badria Farid A.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Psidium guajava L. and Lawsonia inermis L. leaf extracts, and investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.Methods: The aqueous extracts were prepared by maceration in distilled H2O followed by partitioning with EtOAc. AgNPs were prepared by treating the extracts with 1 mM AgNO3 and then were characterized by UV-vis and FTIR analyses, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MTT cytotoxicity and 2,2`-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant assays were used to assess their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties, respectively.Results: AgNPs from P. guajava and L. inermis extracts exhibited good morphological stability and showed moderate antioxidant activity (68.1 and 71.9%, respectively) compared to their extracts. Equipotent cytotoxicity against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells was observed for AgNPs derived from P.guajava, while AgNPs derived from L. inermis possessed two-fold cytotoxicity compared to their corresponding extracts. Phytochemical analysis of P. guajava afforded pyrogallol, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-β-xylopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-arabinopyranoside, and quercetin-3-O-α-rabinofuranoside, while L. inermis afforded lawsone and luteolin.Conclusion: Flavonoids and phenolics play a major role in reducing Ag+ ions, surface coating, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of AgNPs. The biocompatible AgNPs produced by L. inermis demonstrate promising cytotoxic activity that could contribute to new cancer treatments.
LncRNA TUG1 facilitates the development of endometrial cancer via interaction with FXR1
Authors: Guo Zhongjie , Lin Xuan , Guo Xiaoxia
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To investigate the potential influence of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 on the development of endometrial cancer (EC).Methods: A total of 24 paired EC species and paracancerous species were collected, and the differential expressions of TUG1 in them were determined. The regulatory effects of TUG1 on proliferative and migratory potential in Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assay, respectively. Potential protein binding TUG1 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and subsequently verified using RIP (RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation) assay. Rescue experiments were conducted to uncover the mechanism of TUG1 in regulating the development of EC.Results: TUG1 was highly expressed in EC species and cell lines. Higher levels of TUG1 was observed in EC patients with metastases than those without metastatic cancer (p < 0.05). Overexpression of TUG1 markedly facilitated proliferative and migratory potential in EC cells. Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) directly bound Fragile X-related protein 1 (FXR1) and positively regulated its level (p < 0.05). Through interaction with FXR1, TUG1 stimulated the malignant development of EC.Conclusion: LncRNA TUG1 is upregulated in EC species, which facilitates proliferative and migratory potentials in EC cells by interacting with FXR1.
Westward Drift of Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities over a Low to Mid-latitude Transition Region in Indian Sector
Authors: Aashiq Hussain Bhat  , Bilal Ahmad Ganaie  , T K Ramkumar  , Manzoor A Malik  , P Pavan Chaitanya
Published: November 2021

We report the observation of plasma depletions/plumes in the F region ionosphere over a low to middle latitude transition region in the Indian sector. The observation of these plasma depletions is based on the data obtained in May 2019 through the all-sky airglow CCD imager installed in the campus of University of Kashmir, Srinagar (34.12 °N, 74.83 °E, magnetic latitude 25.91 °N). The depletions on the two consecutive nights of 05 and 06 May 2019 are aligned along the North-South (N-S) direction and drift westward. Several depletion bands along with some enhancement bands are seen in the 630-nm airglow images throughout the two nights. The observed structures show certain characteristics similar to Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) but these airglow features are not completely periodic. Further, in the observed depletion bands some East-West asymmetries are observed along with the structured tree-like branches of the airglow depletions. Some depletion bands even bifurcate leading to the inference that the structures are signatures of plasma irregularities rather than the usual MSTIDs observed in low-mid latitude transition region. The westward drift of the depletions especially during geomagnetic quiet times over this region makes this study significant since it offers a possible evidence that shows extension of spread F irregularities from the mid latitude region to the low-mid latitude transition region. In this paper, we point out some possible mechanisms related to the occurrence of plasma depletions at this region and their westward movement during geomagnetic quiet times.
The fundamental group of quotients of products of some topological spaces by a finite group - A generalization of a Theorem of Bauer-Catanese-Grunewald-Pignatelli: Le groupe fondamental de quotients de produits de certains espaces topologiques par ungroupe fini — Généralisation d’un théorème de Bauer–Catanese–Grunewald–Pignatelli
Authors: Aguilar Rodolfo
Published: November 2021

We provide a description of the fundamental group of the quotient of a product of topological spaces X i, each admitting a universal cover, by a finite group G, provided that there is only a finite number of path-connected components in X g i for every g ∈ G. This generalizes previous work of Bauer-Catanese-Grunewald-Pignatelli and Dedieu-Perroni.

Nous fournissons une description du groupe fondamental du quotient d’un produitd’espaces topologiques Xi , chacun admettant un revêtement universel, par un groupe fini G,pourvu qu’il n’existe qu’un nombre ni de composantes connexes par arcs dans Xgi pour chaque g ∈ G. Cela généralise des résultats antérieurs de Bauer–Catanese–Grunewald–Pignatelli et deDedieu–Perroni.
FEATURES OF WEAKLY NONLINEAR WAVE INTERACTION
Authors: Buts V.А. , Kovalchuk I.K. , Tolstoluzhsky A.P.
Published: November 2021

Regular and stochastic dynamics of three wave interaction and dynamics of cascades of such three wave processes were investigated. It was shown that matrix elements of wave interaction are inversely proportional to square of frequency of LF wave participating in three wave interaction. It was shown, that thresholds of arising of regimes with dynamics chaos are proportional to cube of LF wave. By numerical methods dynamics of cascades of interacting waves was investigated in detail.
SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION INDUCED BY α-PARTICLES FROM Mg-MgO LAYERS
Authors: Zhurenko V.P. , Kononenko S.I. , Mahotka I.S. , Kalantaryan O.V. , Mysiura I.M. , Avotin S.S. , Rokhmanov N.Ya.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of experimental study of forward and backward electron emission induced by α-particles from the deposited film of magnesium. It was shown that during the deposition of magnesium in residual gas atmosphere the deposited film contained a large amount of MgO component, which makes it possible to consider the resulting structure as Mg-MgO. The presence of magnesium oxide on the surface of the target and the collector leads to the fact that the previously obtained dependence of the ratio of forward and backward electron yields on specific energy loss of the ion for various metals is not applicable in the case of deposited magnesium. The differences are explained by the specificity of the emission from magnesium in the presence of a significant amount of MgO. The results obtained can be used to detect MgO on the surface of a magnesium substrate. It was shown the differences in the experimental data for the bulk magnesium collector and the collector with deposited magnesium layer
ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБОВ ОБРАБОТКИ НА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ
И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ВАРЕНОЙ КРЕВЕТКИ
Authors: Воробьев Виктор Иванович , Чернега Ольга Павловна , Титова Инна Марковна
Published: November 2021

Проведено исследование качественных и количественных показателей неразделанной вареной креветки (Litopenaeus vannamei), направленное на поиск технологических решений с целью сокращения массовых потерь при производ-стве цельной варено-мороженой креветки в зависимости от способов ее обработки. При получении вареной креветки дефростирование мороженого сырья осуществлялось в воде с воздушным барботированием (контроль) и водных растворах соли с пищевой добавкой «Фосфатекс» (0,5 % от массы сырья), а также со смесью «Фосфатекса» (0,5 %) и ферментного препарата «Протепсин» (1,0 %) в течение 3 ч. Часть мороженого сырья термостатировалось (33 °С) в водном растворе «Фосфатекса» и «Протепсина» на протяжении двух часов. Эксперимен-тально определено незначительное уменьшение массовой доли белка в мясе кре-ветки после дефростации и термостатирования – с 19,36 (контроль) до 19,26 и 18,80 % соответственно, а также фосфора – с 0,562 до 0,445 и 0,392 % при увели-чении массы вареной креветки на 1–2 %. Обработка смесью «Фосфатекса» и «Протепсина» панциря креветки существенно повлияла на изменение массовой доли: увеличение хитина с 5,2 (контроль) до 7,1 (дефростирование) и 11,2 % (тер-мостатирование); снижение золы с 7,7 (контроль) до 5,4 7 (дефростирование) и 2,66 % (термостатирование); уменьшение белка с 14,02 (контроль) до 13,86 (деф-ростирование) и 13,32 % (термостатирование). Добавление пищевой соли и изме-нение концентраций пищевых добавок, применяемых при дефростации мороже-ного сырья в течение 30 мин, способствовали увеличению массы неразделанной вареной креветки на 12,7 % при использовании смеси пищевой соли (1,0 %) и «Фосфатекса» (1,25 %).
Evolución histórica de la educación en derecho
Authors: Zometa Bolaños Manuel Vicente
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: el objetivo del presente texto es hacer una descripción breve de la evolución histórica de las facultades de derecho, desde la Universidad de Bolonia hasta la Universidad de El Salvador y pretende mostrar a través de un discurso diacrónico, aquellos aspectos que aún son visibles en la educación en derecho en las universidades de América Latina. MÉTODO: haciendo uso del método histórico descriptivo y lógico deductivo, se busca resaltar aquellas características fundamentales de la fundación y administración de las universidades como de la constitución y gobierno de las facultades de derecho, así mismo se hace una breve referencia a los contenidos estudiados y las cualidades de la formación en cada momento histórico. CONCLUSIÓN: finalmente se realiza una descripción de aquellos elementos que son visibles aún en la actualidad en las facultades de derecho de América Latina, tanto en lo administrativo, pedagógico y político.
Formación de habilidades investigativas: un reto para la Educación Superior Universitaria Salvadoreña
Authors: Prudencio Coreas Lourdes Elizabeth
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: sistematizar los fundamentos teóricos de la formación de habilidades investigativas en la educación superior universitaria. MÉTODO: el método para su elaboración fue el método de análisis documental, realizando una sistematización de la literatura científica relacionada con el área de conocimiento de la formación de habilidades investigativas, de autores internacionales que presentan sus diferentes posiciones teóricas, particularmente en América Latina. RESULTADOS: el resultado científico de mayor relevancia es concebir la formación y desarrollo de habilidades investigativas como un proceso dialéctico, largo y complejo que involucra a cada disciplina y asignatura de las diferentes carreras que se imparten en la educación superior universitaria. Además, se constata la existencia de una dispersión de términos de la asunción de un sistema categorial referido al proceso de formación de las habilidades investigativas. CONCLUSIÓN: según las tendencias mundiales de la educación superior, el énfasis en la educación universitaria debe centrarse en la complementariedad de la formación académica de orden conceptual teórica con el conocimiento técnico práctico, lo que implica que el estudiante, además de conocer tiene que saber hacer, en donde la investigación tiene un rol importante en el proceso de aprendizaje.
HUMAN EVOLUTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION: A HISTORY OF INSTRUMENTALIZATION, DEVALUATION AND BETRAYAL
Authors: Gha Ankia
Published: November 2021

The principle of evolution applies to every creature in the world and permits us to understand the various stages through which progress is achieved. The emancipation of the human race portrays an evolutionary process through which the human intellect is uplifted above and beyond the realms of ignorance and naivety. It is a project of enlightenment, and just like any other project, the results we obtain are directly derived from the actions that precede them. In fact, we only achieve the objects of our desires. Our quest for a proper understanding of the human race goes through the various domains that characterize our educational systems around the world. Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Economics etc., all permit us to perceive the human intellect from different perspectives. But it would appear that technological evolution, which has also played a key role in the emergence of the human society, has not been properly appraised; at least, this is the accusation put forward against human culture by French Philosopher, Gilbert Simondon. (Simondon: 1958). He thinks that technic has suffered prejudicial judgment from human culture, which has condemned it even before understanding its true mode of existence.[1] From his view point, the conflict that has emerged between man and the machine, or better still, between culture and technic is caused by a misunderstanding of the technical being. The goal of this paper is to find a point of agreement between man and the machines that characterize his daily life, in view of a better world.
ALVENARIA ESTRUTURAL - MÉTODO EXECUTIVO COM BLOCOS DE CONCRETO
Authors: Santos Roger Andre Nascimento dos , Marco Gerson de , Florian Fabiana
Published: November 2021

O método de sistema construtivo de alvenaria estrutural é antigo, porém, sua utilização ficou relegada por muitos anos, e vem sendo retomado e se destacando na indústria da construção civil por conta das vantagens técnicas e econômicas apresentadas. O objetivo deste estudo é discorrer sobre o método de execução da alvenaria estrutural com blocos de concreto, seu princípio de racionalização, qualidade e economia que o sistema proporciona. A metodologia utilizada é de revisão bibliográfica e tem como abordagem a natureza de pesquisa qualitativa. O resultado do estudo demonstra que o método construtivo apresenta vantagens quando comparado a outros métodos, dentre elas: simplicidade do processo construtivo, redução de etapas sucessivas e no consumo de material, maior racionalização, redução no tempo de execução e menor custo global da obra. É um método viável, requerendo de prévio planejamento e acato ao projeto, e que atende as exigências econômicas e técnicas do mercado, necessitando para melhor divulgação da técnica de mais estudos para que seja empregado em maior escala pelas construtoras.
JOHANNES BRAHMS’IN F-MOLL NO:1 OP:120 VİYOLA SONATININ FORM BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KURT Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada Romantik Dönem’in önemli bir bestecisi olan Johannes Brahms’ın eserlerini icra ederken yaşanabilecek zorlukları gidermek, eserlerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve genç sanatçılara ışık olması amacıyla ilk olarak bestecinin hayatı ve müzikal yaşamı hakkında araştırma yapılmış, Brahms’ın esasında klarinet ve piyano için yazmış olduğu fakat daha sonra viyola ve piyanoya uyarladığı Fa Minör Op: 120 No: 1 sonatı tarihsel açıdan ve form özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak eserin hem klarinet hem de viyola repertuvarında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Eserin ilk bölümü sonat allegrosu, ikinci ve üçüncü bölümleri üç bölmeli şarkı, dördüncü bölümü ise Rondo formundadır. Tarihsel açıdan da bu sonat bestecinin son oda müziği eseri olması bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Form özelliklerine ait detaylı bilgiler eseri yorumlayacak olan özellikle viyola sanatçılarına kaynak teşkil etmektedir.
The key role of GNSS for monitoring geodetic parameters of the Earth
Authors: Кузин С.П.
Published: November 2021

Глобальные навигационные спутниковые системы (ГНСС) являются основным инструментом для контроля геодезических параметров Земли, построения и постоянного контроля земной системы отсчета и связи измерений различных спутниковых геодезических технологий. ГНСС состоят из наземного сегмента (приемники ГНСС) и орбитальной группировки (навигационные спутники системы). Микроволновый диапазон сигналов ГНСС позволяет использовать данные системы при любых погодных условиях, а двухчастотные несущие позволяют, в значительной степени, исключить ионосферную задержку распространения сигналов. Помимо выполнения основных геодезических определений навигационные системы также могут быть использованы для решения социальных и других позиционных измерений, требующих высокой точности. В данной статье автором рассмотрены основные задачи, решаемые ГНСС, определены требования к точности продуктов навигационных систем и приведены направления развития наземной и орбитальных частей ГНСС, учитывая потребности мирового геодезического сообщества.

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are a fundamental tool for monitoring geodesic parameters of the Earth, building and constantly monitoring the Earth’s reference system and connecting measurements of various satellite geodetic technologies. GNSS consist of a ground segment (GNSS receivers) and an orbital grouping (navigation satellites of the system). The microwave range of GNSS signals allows using these systems in all weather conditions, and the two-frequency carriers allow, to a large extent, eliminating the ionospheric delay of signal propagation. In addition to performing basic geodetic definitions, GNSS can also be used to solve social and other positional measurements that require high accuracy. In this article the author discusses the main tasks solved by GNSS, defines the requirements for the accuracy of navigation systems products, and provides directions for the development of the ground and orbital parts of GNSS taking into account the needs of the international geodetic community.
Functional optical zone after wavefront-optimized versus wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: Elshawarby Mariam A , Saad Ali , Helmy Thanaa , Seleet Mouamen M. , Elraggal Tamer
Published: November 2021

Background: Many studies have used functional optical zone (FOZ) as a measure to compare different refractive laser treatment modalities. However, to our knowledge, no study has compared wavefrontoptimized (WFO) and wavefront-guided (WFG) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using FOZ. We compared the FOZ after WFO versus WFG LASIK in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included 100 myopic eyes of 50 patients with or without astigmatism. They were divided into two groups according to the platform used: WFO or WFG femtosecond LASIK. Using Holladay’s equivalent keratometry reading (EKR) report of Pentacam HR, FOZ was defined as a zone centered on the pupil center with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.5 D, around the mean EKR. The differences in FOZ between the two platforms were analyzed at 3 months postoperatively. Visual acuity, refractive error, corneal asphericity (Q-value), and root mean square of higher-order aberrations (RMS for HOAs) were evaluated and compared.Results: The mean ± SD of patient age was 26.64 ± 5.67 years. The preoperative characteristics of the two groups were comparable (all P > 0.05). The intended optical zone (IOZ) was 6 mm in both groups. The mean laser ablation depth was significantly greater in the WFG group (18 ?m per D) than in the WFO group (16 ?m per D) (P = 0.035). At 3 months postoperatively, the mean ± SD of FOZ diameter was 4.32 ± 0.94 mm (71.99 ± 15.68% of intended optical zone) in the WFO group and 4.16 ± 1.13 mm (69.33 ± 18.78% of intended optical zone) in the WFG group, with no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.622). The change in corneal asphericity was greater in the WFG group than in the WFO group (P = 0.034). Postoperative mean corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, and RMS for HOAs showed no significant difference between the two groups (all P > 0.05).Conclusions: We found that WFG LASIK resulted in greater ablation depth and change in corneal asphericity than WFO LASIK at 3 months postoperatively. However, there was no significant difference in FOZ diameter, refractive error, and RMS for HOAs between the two groups. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
The Role of Size and Age on Firm Growth: Evidence from Manufacturing SMMEs in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Zhou Helper , Gumbo Victor
Published: November 2021

Previous studies in both developed and developing economies have reported that firm growth declines with firm age and size. However, review of literature showed that there are limited studies to empirically assess the validity of this fact on firm growth in developing countries. As such, this paper assesses the role of firm size and age on firm growth in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The study employed a unique balanced three-year panel dataset of 191 manufacturing Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the province. As expected, the results showed a negative relationship between firm growth and size especially in the short term. However, contrary to the wider body of literature, the study established a positive relationship between firm age and growth. The study also established that older firms grow faster than their younger counterparts despite their size. On the other hand, small sized firms despite their age grow faster than large firms when employment and total assets were used as measures of firm size. It was recommended that the government should be cognisant of the complexity of SMMEs when crafting various sector policies.
THE SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LANGUAGE BY GENDER
Authors: Jafarova Irada
Published: November 2021

Human beings are the creators and the users of the language. Therefore, people-oriented study on linguistics should be vital as the studies from the perspective of symbol. But the most significant difference between human beings is the gender difference, so people of different genders from either physiology or psychology in the use of language will have their own gender characteristics that leads to the gender differences in language. Language gender difference has always been complex. It becomes the popular subject of linguistics and sociolinguistics. Gender differences in language are regarded as a linguistic phenomenon as well as being a social phenomenon. It is known that the use of gender in a different way from language has become a new field of research for linguistics since the second half of the twentieth century. With the advent of feminist linguistics in the 1960s and 1970s, gender studies became more widespread. In the development of certain features of the "language" of men and women J. Gremel-Plestini, L. Pushuni, E. Groshko, A. Nielseni, R. Lakoff, R. Vardaufu, and others can be shown as scientists in world linguistics. The linguists from different countries have made a lot of profound significant exploration to explain the cause of gender difference in sociolinguistics. The gender difference can differentiate for society, culture, customs and other considerations of language users. Gender differences widens our research horizon, deepens our cognition of the universal law of language; at the same time, it helps us to better explain the factors in the internal change of language development.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE FINANCE SECTOR: FINTECH
Authors: Hatice Özkurt Çokgüngör
Published: November 2021

Thanks to technological developments that have changed the way the world works, the financial sector has also had to adapt to today's digital age. Transactions that were once only possible with visits to financial institutions can now be completed in minutes with a mobile phone. Developments involving the improvement of financial transactions and services with the help of technology and their transfer to the digital environment The scope of FinTech, that is, financial technologies, continues to expand day by day. The demand for financial technologies has increased tremendously in 2020, especially with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of FinTech solutions in businesses has become even more important in 2021.
МІФИ У ТВОРЧОСТІ ЛЕСІ УКРАЇНКИ І МІФОТВОРЧІСТЬ СУЧАСНИХ МАС-МЕДІА
Authors: Кошетар Уляна , Литвинська Світлана , Добровольська Людмила
Published: November 2021

стаття присвячена аналізу творчої спадщини Лесі Українки в контексті міфотворчості сучасних мас-медіа. Розглянуто проблему символу та символізму в філософсько-філологічних колах у другій половині ХІХ ст. Доведено, що міфологічна свідомість притаманна повсякденному життю, і відіграє певну роль у формуванні поведінки сучасної людини, оскільки ґрунтується на категоріальних архетипах.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОШАГОВОГО АНАЛИЗА РЕГРЕССИОННЫХ МОДЕЛЕЙ СОНОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ РАЗМЕРОВ ПОЧЕК В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ АНТРОПО-СОМАТОТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИ ЗДОРОВЫХ МУЖЧИН РАЗНЫХ СОМАТОТИПОВ
Authors: Кузьменко Юрий , Гайдай Елена
Published: November 2021

Одной из наиболее актуальных проблем современной медицины есть здоровье популяции. В ряду проведенных исследований установлено, что состояние здоровья в разные периоды онтогенеза много в чем определяется степенью взаимосвязи морфофункциональных систем, которые характеризуют конституциональную целостность организма. Определение такого рода взаимосвязей есть одним из актуальных заданий медицины в нынешнее время.
ОГЛЯД СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ПИТАННЯ В ГАЛУЗІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РИЗИКІВ МЕРЕЖЕВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Таченко Ілля , Коробейнікова Тетяна , Захарченко Сергій
Published: November 2021

Ця робота присвячена основним аспектам технологічного ланцюга оцінки та усунення ризиків; перегляду кроків для опису процесу знаходження вразливостей в компанії чи організації; отримання належного аналізу і впровадження контролів згідно із найкращими практиками безпеки та сучасних фреймворків.
La mejora de la competencia digital de los futuros docentes de secundaria: una experiencia en la Universidad Miguel Hernández
Authors: Jiménez-Hernández David , González-Calatayud Víctor , Martínez-Mayoral María Asunción , Morales-Socuéllamos Javier
Published: November 2021

La competencia digital es una de las competencias clave del sistema educativo. Para su buen desarrollo es necesario que los docentes también tengan adquiridas estas competencias, y, para ello, la formación inicial y permanente son imprescindibles. El principal objetivo fue analizar cómo la formación desarrollada en el máster en Formación del Profesorado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanza de Idiomas, en la asignatura de TIC para la Docencia y el Aprendizaje, ayuda a mejorar la competencia digital docente de los futuros profesores. Con una escala basada en el modelo DigComp se evaluó la competencia digital antes y después de la formación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 181 estudiantes (62.98% eran mujeres). Se analizaron las diferencias encontradas en cada área competencial: se encontró una mejora tras la formación en todas las áreas y se procedió a ajustar un modelo para predecir la probabilidad de que el alumnado alcance una puntuación alta en función de sus características y su nivel de base al inicio. Los resultados evidencian un incremento en todas las áreas, especialmente en la creación de contenidos. El género, la edad y la rama de conocimiento no influyeron en el modelo predictivo, que finalmente se explica en función del nivel competencial inicial del alumnado y del área competencial.
O desmonte (policy dismantling) no campo da análise das políticas públicsa
Authors: Nicolás María Alejandra , Zimmermann Silvia
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre o significado do desmonte das políticas públicas (policy dismantling) enquanto um processo que compõe a análise da mudança da política no ciclo das políticas públicas, que implica alterações nos âmbito de seus instrumentos e dinâmicas.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORATIF MENGGUNAKAN BREAKOUT ROOM ZOOM MEETING PADA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: FAUZIAH FARAH
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Collaborative learning strategies in online learning during distance learning. The method used is an experiment with a pretest-posttest research design. The online media used is the zoom meeting application. There are two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group which were selected randomly and have been tested for normality and homogeneity tests. The experimental group is the group that is given a collaborative learning strategy, while the control group uses the conventional method. The data analysis technique used is a test technique. Based on the results of the study, the N-gain score of the experimental group (collaborative) was 63.6904 or 63.7% and was categorized as quite effective. The average normalized gain (N-gain) of the experimental group students' learning outcomes was 0.63 which was included in the medium category. This means that the application of collaborative learning strategies is sufficient to improve student learning outcomes on the subject of Ideas and Business Opportunities in class X SMAN 82 Jakarta.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi pembelajaran Kolaboratif dalam belajar online pada saat pembelajaran jarak jauh. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest. Media Online yang digunakan adalah aplikasi zoom meeting. Terdapat dua kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol yang dipilih secara acak serta telah dilakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Kelompok eksperimen adalah kelompok yang diberikan strategi pembelajaran kolaboratif, sedangkan kelompok kontrol menggunakan metode konvensional. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh N-gain score kelompok eksperimen (kolaboratif) adalah 63,6904 atau 63,7% dan masuk dalam kategori cukup efektif. Rata-rata gain ternormalisasi (N-gain) hasil belajar peserta didik kelompok eksperimen adalah 0,63 yang termasuk kategori sedang. Artinya penerapan strategi pembelajaran kolaboratif cukup dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pokok bahasan Ide dan Peluang Usaha di kelas X SMAN 82 Jakarta.
Unravelling a black box: an open-source methodology for the field calibration of small air quality sensors
Authors: Schmitz Seán , Towers Sherry , Villena Guillermo , Caseiro Alexandre , Wegener Robert , Klemp Dieter , Langer Ines , Meier Fred , von Schneidemesser Erika
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The last 2 decades have seen substantial technological advances
in the development of low-cost air pollution instruments using small
sensors. While their use continues to spread across the field of atmospheric chemistry, the air quality monitoring community, and for commercial and private use, challenges remain in ensuring data quality and
comparability of calibration methods. This study introduces a seven-step
methodology for the field calibration of low-cost sensor systems using
reference instrumentation with user-friendly guidelines, open-access code,
and a discussion of common barriers to such an approach. The methodology has been developed and is applicable for gas-phase pollutants, such as for the measurement of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or ozone (O3). A full
example of the application of this methodology to a case study in an urban
environment using both multiple linear regression (MLR) and the random
forest (RF) machine-learning technique is presented with relevant R code
provided, including error estimation. In this case, we have applied it to
the calibration of metal oxide gas-phase sensors (MOSs). Results reiterate
previous findings that MLR and RF are similarly accurate, though with
differing limitations. The methodology presented here goes a step further
than most studies by including explicit transparent steps for addressing
model selection, validation, and tuning, as well as addressing the common
issues of autocorrelation and multicollinearity. We also highlight the need
for standardized reporting of methods for data cleaning and flagging, model
selection and tuning, and model metrics. In the absence of a standardized
methodology for the calibration of low-cost sensor systems, we suggest a
number of best practices for future studies using low-cost sensor systems to ensure greater comparability of research.
Triple-frequency radar retrieval of microphysical properties of snow
Authors: Mroz Kamil , Battaglia Alessandro , Nguyen Cuong , Heymsfield Andrew , Protat Alain , Wolde Mengistu
Published: November 2021

Abstract. An algorithm based on triple-frequency (X, Ka, W) radar measurements that retrieves the size, water content and degree of riming of ice clouds is
presented. This study exploits the potential of multi-frequency radar measurements to provide information on bulk snow density that should underpin
better estimates of the snow characteristic size and content within the radar volume. The algorithm is based on Bayes' rule with riming
parameterised by the “fill-in” model. The radar reflectivities are simulated with a range of scattering models corresponding to realistic
snowflake shapes. The algorithm is tested on multi-frequency radar data collected during the ESA-funded Radar Snow Experiment For Future Precipitation Mission. During this campaign,
in situ microphysical probes were mounted on the same aeroplane as the radars. This nearly perfectly co-located dataset of the remote and in situ
measurements gives an opportunity to derive a combined multi-instrument estimate of snow microphysical properties that is used for a rigorous
validation of the radar retrieval. Results suggest that the triple-frequency retrieval performs well in estimating ice water content (IWC) and
mean mass-weighted diameters obtaining root-mean-square errors of 0.13 and 0.15, respectively, for log 10IWC and
log 10Dm. The retrieval of the degree of riming is more challenging, and only the algorithm that uses Doppler information obtains
results that are highly correlated with the in situ data.
A Time Log Study of Activities of Medical Officers Working at Urban Health Centres of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat
Authors: Bhatt Gneyaa , Patel Anushka
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Medical Officer (MO) of an Urban Health Centre (UHC) is responsible for implementing all activities grouped under Health and Family Welfare delivery system in UHC area. While RBSK MO of UHC works under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakaram (RBSK). Objective: To assess various activities carried out by MBBS MOs and RBSK MOs at UHCs with proportion of time spent on each of activities. Method: The study was conducted at randomly selected 12 UHCs from randomly selected 3 zones of Ahmedabad city. Data regarding activities of MBBS and RBSK MOs were collected using predesigned matrix time log sheet wherein the MOs had to fill up their activities on 15 minutes slots for 2 weeks. Data were entered and analyzed using MS Excel. Results: Effective working time per day was 7 + 1/2 hours &6+1 hours for an MBBS & RBSK MO respectively. Majority of time spent per day by the MBBS MO was in conducting general OPD (mean 149 minutes) followed by preparing/checking reports. While, for RBSK MO, it was in health checkup at Anganwadis & Schools(118& 93 minutes respectively) followed by preparation of reports. Both MOs spent maximum time towards clinical work (48.51% by MBBS& 68.45% RBSK MOs) followed by administrative work (33.73% by MBBS & 18% by RBSK), field visits (11.5% by both), CME/workshops/trainings (2.02% by MBBS and 0.66% by RBSK) and other activities (4.2% by MBBS and 0.8% by RBSK). Conclusion: Frequency of various major activities was as per the recommendations for most of the MOs. However, many of them were not able to cover all the activities mentioned under guidelines.
ALMAN VE İSVİÇRE HUKUKU İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK TÜRK HUKUKUNDA BAŞLANGIÇ KİRA BEDELİNİN SINIRLANDIRILMASI MESELESİ
Authors: INCE Nurten , ÖZYAKIŞIR Özkan
Published: November 2021

Bazı ülkelerin hukuki düzenlemelerinde, kiracının korunması esası benimsenip kiracıyı koruyucu özel hükümler ihdas edilmiştir. Söz konusu ülkelerde, genellikle kira bedelinin serbestçe belirlenmesinin ve/veya artırılmasının önüne geçilerek kiracının korunması amaçlanır. Misal, Alman ve İsviçre hukukunda, özel düzenlemeler uyarınca taraflar, yeni bir kira sözleşmesi akdederken dahi kira bedelini serbestçe belirleyememektedirler. Bir başka deyişle, bahsi geçen ülkelerde, başlangıç kira bedeli özel hükümler yoluyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Türk hukukunda ise 6098 sayılı TBK m. 344’te kira sözleşmesi devam ederken kira bedelinde meydana gelecek artış sınırlandırılmış, ancak başlangıç kira bedelini sınırlayan özel bir hüküm öngörülmemiştir. Oysa ki son zamanlarda Türkiye’de bazı illerde başlangıç kira bedellerinde büyük artışların yaşandığı görülmektedir.

Bu çalışmamızda, Alman ve İsviçre hukukundaki başlangıç kira bedeline ilişkin sınırlamalar ele alınıp Türk hukukunda Alman ve İsviçre hukukunda olduğu gibi başlangıç kira bedeline ilişkin sınırlamalara ihtiyaç duyulup duyulmadığı incelenecektir.