bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Do Stars Gain Their Mass? A JCMT/SCUBA-2 Transient Survey of Protostars in Nearby Star-forming Regions
Authors: Herczeg Gregory J. , Johnstone Doug , Mairs Steve , Hatchell Jennifer , Lee Jeong-Eun , Bower Geoffrey C. , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Aikawa Yuri , Yoo Hyunju , Kang Sung-Ju , Kang Miju , Chen Wen-Ping , Williams Jonathan P. , Bae Jaehan , Dunham Michael M. , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Zhu Zhaohuan , Rao Ramprasad , Kirk Helen , Takahashi Satoko , Morata Oscar , Lacaille Kevin , Lane James , Pon Andy , Scholz Aleks , Samal Manash R. , Bell Graham S. , Graves Sarah , Lee E’lisa M. , Parsons Harriet , He Yuxin , Zhou Jianjun , Kim Mi-Ryang , Chapman Scott , Drabek-Maunder Emily , Chung Eun Jung , Eyres Stewart P. S. , Forbrich Jan , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Kim Gwanjeong , Kim Kyoung Hee , Kuan Yi-Jehng , Kwon Woojin , Lai Shih-Ping , Lalchand Bhavana , Lee Chang Won , Lee Chin-Fei , Long Feng , Lyo A-Ran , Qian Lei , Scicluna Peter , Soam Archana , Stamatellos Dimitris , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Tang Ya-Wen , Wang Hongchi , Wang Yiren
Published: October 2017

Most protostars have luminosities that are fainter than expected from steady accretion over the protostellar lifetime. The solution to this problem may lie in episodic mass accretion—prolonged periods of very low accretion punctuated by short bursts of rapid accretion. However, the timescale and amplitude for variability at the protostellar phase is almost entirely unconstrained. In A James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/SCUBA-2 Transient Survey of Protostars in Nearby Star-forming Regions, we are monitoring monthly with SCUBA-2 the submillimeter emission in eight fields within nearby (

<
500

pc) star-forming regions to measure the accretion variability of protostars. The total survey area of ∼1.6 deg2 includes ∼105 peaks with peaks brighter than 0.5 Jy/beam (43 associated with embedded protostars or disks) and 237 peaks of 0.125–0.5 Jy/beam (50 with embedded protostars or disks). Each field has enough bright peaks for flux calibration relative to other peaks in the same field, which improves upon the nominal flux calibration uncertainties of submillimeter observations to reach a precision of ∼2%–3% rms, and also provides quantified confidence in any measured variability. The timescales and amplitudes of any submillimeter variation will then be converted into variations in accretion rate and subsequently used to infer the physical causes of the variability. This survey is the first dedicated survey for submillimeter variability and complements other transient surveys at optical and near-IR wavelengths, which are not sensitive to accretion variability of deeply embedded protostars.
The Flaring Activity of M Dwarfs in the Kepler Field
Authors: Yang Huiqin , Liu Jifeng , Gao Qing , Fang Xuan , Guo Jincheng , Zhang Yong , Hou Yonghui , Wang Yuefei , Cao Zihuang
Published: October 2017

Flare events are mainly due to magnetic reconnection and thus are indicative of stellar activity. The Kepler Space Observatory records numerous stellar activities with unprecedented high photometric precision in flux measurements. It is perfectly suitable for carrying out a statistical study of flares. Here we present 540 M dwarfs with flare events discovered using Kepler long-cadence data. The normalized flare energy, as defined by the ratio to bolometric stellar luminosity,

L

flare

/

L

bol

, is used to indicate the flare activity. We find that, similar to the X-ray luminosity relation, the

L

flare

/

L

bol

versus

P

rot

relation can also be described with three phases, supersaturation, saturation, and exponential decay, corresponding to an ultra-short period, a short period, and a long period. The flare activity and the number fraction of flaring stars in M dwarfs rise steeply near M4, which is consistent with the prediction of a turbulent dynamo. The size of starspots are positively correlated with flare activity. The

L

flare

/

L

bol

ratio has a power-law dependence on

L

H
α

/

L

bol

, a parameter indicative of stellar chromosphere activity. According to this relation, a small enhancement in chromosphere activity may cause a huge rise in flare energy, which suggests that superflares or hyperflares may not need an extra excitation mechanism. Through a comparison study, we suggest that flare activity is a more suitable indicator for stellar activity, especially in the boundary region. However, contrary to what is expected, some M dwarfs with strong flares do not show any light variation caused by starspots. Follow-up observations are needed to investigate this problem.
Probing the Spinning of the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center via Pulsar Timing: A Full Relativistic Treatment
Authors: Zhang Fupeng , Saha Prasenjit
Published: October 2017

Pulsars around the massive black hole (MBH) in the Galactic center (GC) are expected to be revealed by upcoming facilities (e.g., the Square Kilometer Array). Under a full relativistic framework with the pulsar approximated as a test particle, we investigate the constraints on the spinning of the MBH by monitoring the timing of surrounding pulsars. For GC pulsars orbiting closely around the MBH (e.g., ≲1000 au), we find that full relativistic treatment in modeling accurately their timing signals can be necessary, as the relativistic signals are orders of magnitude larger than the time-of-arrival measurement accuracies. Although usually there are near degeneracies among MBH spin parameters, the constraints on the spinning of the MBH are still very tight. By continuously monitoring a normal pulsar in orbits with a period of ∼2.6 yr and an eccentricity of 0.3–0.9 under a timing precision of 1–5 ms, within ∼8 yr the spin magnitude and the orientations of the GC MBH can be constrained with

error of

and

, respectively. Even for pulsars in orbits similar to the detected star S2/S0-2 or S0-102, we find that the spinning of the MBH can still be constrained within 4–8 yr, with the most significant constraints provided near the pericenter passage. If the proper motion of the pulsars with astrometric accuracy of 10 μas can also be collected along with the timing measurement, then the position, velocity, mass, and distance to the solar system of the MBH can be constrained to ∼10 μas, ∼1 μas yr−1,

, and ∼1 pc, respectively.
Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses
Authors: Brothers Denis J. , Lelej Arkady S.
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to resolve the differences in the two currently used classifications of Mutillidae, which differ in many respects. Cladistic analyses of 101 genera and subgenera of Mutillidae (represented by females of 253 species and males of 260 species) and four outgroups (pepsine Pompilidae, anthoboscine Tiphiidae and both fedtschenkiine and sapygine Sapygidae) based on 230 morphological characters treated in various ways, produced most-parsimonious trees which were in broad agreement but differed in many details. Evaluation of these results led to the proposal of a compromise tree which reflected each proposed taxon as monophyletic, while trying to keep disruptions to the current classifications to a minimum. The result differs from both previous classifications, and proposes the recognition of eight subfamilies: Myrmosinae (with the tribes Kudakrumiini and Myrmosini), Pseudophotopsidinae, Rhopalomutillinae, Ticoplinae (with the tribes Smicromyrmillini and Ticoplini), Sphaeropthalminae (with the tribes Sphaeropthalmini, Dasymutillinitrib. n., and Pseudomethocini with the subtribes Euspinoliinasubtrib. n.and Pseudomethocina), Myrmillinae, Dasylabrinae (with the tribes Apteromutillinitrib. n.and Dasylabrini) and Mutillinae (with the tribes Ctenotillinitrib. n., Smicromyrmini, Mutillini with the subtribes Ephutina and Mutillina, and Trogaspidiini). Notably, Myrmosinae were consistently strongly supported as monophyletic with the remaining Mutillidae (disagreeing with a recent molecular analysis), and thus retained as a mutillid subfamily. The placements of all currently valid genera and subgenera in the proposed classification are provided.
Travail et subjectivité : la conservation de l’ours brun pour métier
Authors: Denayer Dorothée , Collard Damien
Published: October 2017

Le « travailler » avec et-ou sur des animaux sauvages est assez peu documenté dans la littérature. Cet article s’intéresse au travail des professionnels qui œuvrent à la conservation de la faune sauvage et, plus précisément, à celui des agents qui sont chargés de la protection de l’ours brun dans les Pyrénées françaises. Il entend éclairer le rapport subjectif que ces agents entretiennent à leur travail et la manière dont ce dernier convoque la subjectivité tout entière. Ce volet de leur activité a pu être appréhendé grâce à une recherche de type ethnographique menée au sein de l’équipe technique ours rattachée à l’Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage. Les situations de travail étudiées sont marquées par de fortes incertitudes et des tensions, qui nécessitent que ces professionnels développent, en situation et dans l’action, de nouvelles compétences et, au-delà, de nouveaux registres de sensibilité.
Demande et écoute risquées comme conditions de l’enquête et de l’action en psychodynamique du travail
Authors: Edrei Béatrice
Published: October 2017

Cet article reprend la contribution de l’auteure au séminaire d’échanges entre les préventeurs des services de santé au travail et les chercheurs régionaux de la région Occitanie travaillant sur les risques psychosociaux 1 . Il vise à rappeler l’importance fondamentale du lien entre théorie et pratique en matière d’action en général et plus précisément pour l’enquête en psychodynamique du travail. Il en résulte pour l’auteure une vaine opposition entre chercheurs et praticiens puisque la psychodynamique du travail est à la fois indissociable d’une visée de transformation et donc d’action ainsi que d’une visée scientifique qui s’apprécie par la rigueur de sa méthode comme condition fondamentale de la recherche de la vérité sur le lien entre santé mentale et organisation du travail.
Bolivarianismos de papel
Authors: Langue Frédérique
Published: October 2017

Este ensayo reconsidera no tanto las modalidades del culto a Bolívar en su vertiente oficialista sino la manera como se convirtió en teoría para el pensamiento y la acción política en el tiempo largo. Con este fin, insistiremos en la problemática de las relaciones cívico- militares, piedra de toque del proyecto bolivariano de Hugo Chávez. Asimismo contemplaremos las representaciones ligadas al ideario bolivariano tanto dentro como fuera del mundo académico y del gremio de los historiadores, incluyendo las recientes y tendenciosas reescrituras memoriales del tiempo presente venezolano.
Le fisc d’après les juristes napolitains (fin XIIIe-début XIVe siècle)
Authors: Boyer Jean-Paul
Published: October 2017

L’article s’attache aux juristes de niveau « universitaire » qui s’associaient à la cour napolitaine. Leur rôle s’épanouissait entre fin XIIIe et première moitié du XIVe siècle. Ils donnaient une lecture des normes en vigueur, dans la monarchie « angevine », qui visait à faire autorité dans leur application et à orienter leur devenir. Ces savants réservaient une attention notable au fisc. Elle partait d’une représentation sur laquelle ils s’accordaient. Pour eux, le fisc matérialisait en quelque sorte la souveraineté. Par suite, un idéal de centralisation s’affichait. Il s’ébauchait du reste dans l’action gouvernementale. Ces constatations s’opposent à l’axe du présent ouvrage, qui met l’accent sur les périphéries, mais comme des restrictions qui le complètent. La réduction à l’unité pénétrait et orientait le réseau administratif dans ses ramifications, ou le souhaitait. En sus, le fisc était donné pour confondu avec le bien de tous. Vu à l’habitude comme un instrument d’oppression, il se présentait pour l’exact contraire.
Les Angevins et les chambres des comptes des duchés de Bar et de Lorraine (1430-1508)
Authors: Schneider Hélène
Published: October 2017

René d’Anjou prend la tête des duchés de Bar et de Lorraine, au début des années 1430. Il est confronté à des institutions financières contrastées dont sa politique va entraîner l’essor. La Lorraine qui ne dispose pas encore d’une chambre des comptes rattrape en trois décennies son retard sur les États voisins, en la matière. Les offices supérieurs de finances se développent et se diversifient sous René II, en une seule hiérarchie superposée aux recettes particulières. Le choix des hommes repose sur un milieu bien constitué en Barrois, plus ouvert en Lorraine. Les officiers des chambres des comptes ont pour tâche centrale la conservation du domaine, face à la politique d’engagement de ses biens par René d’Anjou et à celle d’empiétements du royaume de France et de l’Empire durant toute la période considérée, ce qui conduit à la multiplication des démarches et des conflits, dans le contexte du renforcement général des grandes puissances et de l’essor des notions d’Etat et de Souveraineté, dont le contenu juridique demeure imprécis.
La perception des droits et revenus du comte de Provence et de Forcalquier dans les cours locales (fin XIIIe-mi XIVe siècle)
Authors: Bonnaud Jean Luc
Published: October 2017

Le comte de Provence et de Forcalquier perçoit sur ses administrés de nombreux droits de différentes nature et origine que la publication, depuis plusieurs années, de l’enquête de Leopardo da Foligno par l’équipe mise sur pied par Thierry Pécout ont mis en valeur. Celle-ci a mis à jour leur diversité mais ne s’est guère penchée sur leur mode de perception. Le but de cette intervention est d’en tenter une analyse. Pour ce faire, j’aborderai tout d’abord les différentes façons dont les cours locales perçoivent ces droits (affermage, régie directe). Puis, j’essaierai d’élaborer une première typologie des collecteurs de ces droits. Cependant, en raison de la diversité des droits et de leur mode de perception et du grand nombre de leurs collecteurs dans les différentes cours locales, je me contenterai d’une période relativement courte, allant de la fin du XIIIe siècle au milieu du XIVe siècle, soit le temps de la mise en place de l’appareil administratif local.
Gli Angiò e la gestione delle finanze in Piemonte e Lombardia
Authors: Rao Riccardo
Published: October 2017

L’articolo indaga le finanze angioine in Piemonte e Lombardia, considerando tanto gli strumenti introdotti dalla dominazione per ottenere denaro, anche attraverso il coinvolgimento delle élite locali, quanto i circuiti funzionariali e gli uffici preposti all’amministrazione finanziaria. Ne emerge un quadro dove le istanze di uniformazione promosse, a più riprese, dai sovrani, sono tenute a confrontarsi con una tradizione comunale ancora viva, che non di rado porta alla pattuizione sulla ripartizione delle risorse e alla duplicazione degli uffici preposti, con ufficiali sotto il controllo del re e altri di garanzia per la città. All’interno di una simile dinamica, esistono tuttavia distinzioni di ordine cronologico e geografico : più forte è il controllo regio e l’opera di omologazione nei grossi borghi piemontesi sotto Carlo I, mentre maggiore è la capacità delle grandi città lombarde, soprattutto sotto Roberto che configura la sua egemonia come una sorta di grande lega urbana.
« Plus riche en haut vouloir que fortuné en pouvoir donner ! ». Les finances de René d’Anjou et les duchés de Lorraine et de Bar (1430-1480)
Authors: Dauphant Léonard
Published: October 2017

Sous René d'Anjou, la Lorraine a-t-elle été une périphérie dans la politique financière ducale, ou une base de départ, vite oubliée au profit de plus grands desseins italiens ? Ou, au contraire, a-t-elle été un poids à cause de son instabilité politique, due à un État faible et à la guerre de Cent Ans ? Ou encore, l'État angevin a-t-il exploité la Lorraine pour financer sa politique européenne ? Ces hypothèses traditionnelles peuvent être revues en posant les jalons d'une histoire financière comparée de l'État-mosaïque angevin. L'étude des épaves de la comptabilité lorraine permet d'esquisser un budget régional global, dont on peut comparer les ordres de grandeur aux budgets des autres ensembles angevins. Enfin, l'étude des mouvements d'argent peuvent déterminer la place effective de la Lorraine au sein des États angevins, et ainsi de mieux comprendre cette construction européenne.
La mainmise financière des Angevins sur leur périphérie. L’exemple de la principauté de Morée aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles
Authors: Ortega Isabelle
Published: October 2017

La principauté de Morée, fondée au début du XIIIe siècle par des conquérants d’origine française en grande partie, passe sous domination des Angevins de Naples dans le courant de ce siècle. Or, une fois devenue une dépendance du royaume angevin, les rois de Naples et les seigneurs italiens nouvellement établis dans la principauté, vont faire en sorte de percevoir des revenus importants de cet État. À travers les documents qui sont à notre disposition, nous essaierons d’établir leur mode opératoire. Nous envisagerons ainsi de quelle façon s’établit la domination de la terre et quelles redevances et taxes indirectes sont perçues. Nous étudierons quels officiers se font le relais du pouvoir angevin sur le sol moréote et quels sont leurs domaines de compétences. Nous tenterons enfin d’évaluer dans quelle mesure cette mainmise est efficace, car notamment pour la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle la péninsule balkanique n’est pas épargnée par les incursions turques ou encore la réapparition de la peste. En conséquence, à travers ce sujet, il s’agit bien de dresser un tableau de la vie économique et sociale d’une des périphéries angevines aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles.
Le spese per la cultura alla corte angioina di Napoli
Authors: Saggese Alessandra Perriccioli
Published: October 2017

Una ricca e minuziosa documentazione relativa alle spese di traduzione, di scrittura e di decorazione di un codice medico affrontate da Carlo I d’Angiò fra il 1278 e il 1283 ci è pervenuta grazie alle trascrizioni di Nicola Barone, di Camillo Minieri Riccio, di Sergio Terlizzi e di Alain de Bouard. Tale documentazione ha acquistato un più grande valore quando sono stati individuati i manoscritti ai quali essa si riferiva. E’ stato, infatti, possibile confrontare i documenti con i codici e valutare l’entità del lavoro svolto dagli amanuensi e dai miniatori in rapporto al compenso che, a sua volta, è stato incrociato con i dati sul costo della vita che è possibile ricavare dalla preziosissima documentazione offerta da Nicola Faraglia nella sua Storia dei prezzi in Napoli dal 1131 al 1860. Partendo dall’importante e raro episodio dell’età di Carlo, l’intervento mette a fuoco le notizie sulle spese sostenute da Roberto per implementare la sua biblioteca, incrociandole, quando possibile, con i manoscritti che è stato possibile identificare nel corso degli anni.
A dinâmica familiar frente ao risco de morte – uma análise sistêmica do processo de hospitalização/ Family dynamics face the risk of death - a systemic analysis of the hospitalization process
Authors: Nunes Emanuelle Caires Dias Araújo , Gomes Daniela Rodrigues Goulart , Reis Sabrina Oliveira , Santos Caio Lopes dos , Oliveira Fabiana Aguiar de
Published: October 2017

Este estudo objetivou compreender a dinâmica adaptativa do sistema familiar vulnerável à morte e ao morrer. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital público, com nove famílias, delimitadas pela saturação dos dados. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a maio de 2015 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e desenvolvimento de Genograma e Ecomapa familiar, analisados mediante Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Utilizamos como fundamento teórico o Pensamento Sistêmico. Os resultados envolveram 05 eixos: modulação sistêmica para superação da crise, equipe de saúde como parceira no processo de enfrentamento saudável, rede social como elemento protetor, espiritualidade como fonte de apoio, e recursos financeiros como sustento necessário. Concluímos que a família expressa interações sistêmicas adaptativas e resilientes frente ao processo de hospitalização, a partir de recursos próprios, da equipe de saúde e da rede de apoio socioeconômica e espiritual. Assim, inferimos que os profissionais de saúde devem aperfeiçoar seu saber-fazer e o cuidado junto à família, sugerindo-se a abordagem Sistêmica como metodologia inovadora a uma práxis de cuidados integrais à família vulnerável à morte e ao morrer no contexto hospitalar.
Enhancement of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials by Nonionic Surfactant
Authors: Parnthong Jatuporn , Kungsanant Suratsawadee , Chavadej Sumaeth
Published: October 2017

Palm fruit bunch (PFB) and palm fruit residue (PFR) are considered as potential raw materials for ethanol production due to their large availability from palm oil industry. However, the presence of lignin can retard the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. Both PFB and PFR were pretreated with a 10% w/v sodium hydroxide solution. The amounts of their hemicellulose were substantially decreased whereas their lignin contents were slightly reduced. After that, they were hydrolyzed using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei (ATCC 26921) at 50 °C and pH 5. An addition of Tween 80, nonionic surfactant, with 0.25% w/v concentration provided an increase in reducing sugar production about 50.5% at 10 FPU/g PFB cellulase loading, while the addition of Tween 80 with 0.5% w/v concentration increased reducing sugar production by 38.8% at 20 FPU/g PFR cellulase loading. The greater the amount of lignin in the lignocellulosic materials, the higher the dosages of enzyme and surfactant required for the enzymatic hydrolysis. The adsorption of added nonionic surfactant onto the hydrophobic surface of lignin resulted in an increase in the availability of added enzyme to both cellulose and hemicellulose, leading to the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis. Additionally, the adsorption of cellulase on PFB and PFR were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm.
Microwave Torrefaction of Moist Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Pellets with the Addition of Char from Agricultural Residues
Authors: Siritheerasas Prodpran , Waiyanate Phichayanan , Sekiguchi Hidetoshi , Kodama Satoshi
Published: October 2017

An investigation of the effect of the addition of char from agricultural residues on the torrefaction of moist municipal solid waste (MSW) pellets (40 wt.% moisture) was carried out in a microwave oven (500-800 W for 4-12 minutes). Char from agricultural residues, including corncob, palm shell, straw, and bagasse, was used as the microwave absorbers to enhance the absorption of microwave irradiation. It was found that the addition of char from bagasse yielded the lowest remaining mass (or mass yield) and volatile matter (VM) content, but the highest temperature and heating value, of the torrefied MSW pellet. Moisture in the MSW pellet with or without the addition of microwave absorber was completely removed after being torrefied for 8-12 minutes. The VM contents remained in the MSW pellets with the addition of microwave absorbers were lower than that in the MSW pellet without the addition of microwave absorber. The addition of microwave absorbers led to an increase in carbon (C) content but a decrease in oxygen (O) content of the torrefied MSW pellets, compared to those of the raw MSW pellet. The heating values of the torrefied MSW pellets with the addition of microwave absorbers were equivalent to that of sub-bituminous coal, enhanced from that of the raw MSW pellet, which was lower than that of lignite.
Studies on the Deterioration of the Cordon of the Most Illustrious Order of Chulachomklao
Authors: Chuapanit Kanidtha , Buntem Radchada
Published: October 2017

The Cordon of the Most Illustrious Order of Chulachomklao was one of the insignia that King Rama the fifth gave to the ladies of the court to present their goodness. One component of this object was made from silk and decorated by needled the silvered and golden thread as the laurel and the initial of King’s royal name. This ancient silk suffers from discoloration, low strength and severe deterioration. Amino acids in fibroin were photo-degraded under UV-irradiation and heat. Three silk samples, S-Raw, S-White and S-Ancient, were selected for ATR-FTIR and XRD analyses. FTIR spectroscopy can be used for the determination of the molecular structure of silk fibroin. The characteristic bands of silk fibroin corresponding to amide I, II, and III were found in all silk samples. The skeletal vibrations were also observed. Two degradation estimators, EAmideI/II and EcC=O2 were calculated and used to qualitatively estimate the degree of degradation due to oxidation and crystallinity of silk fibroin respectively. The results showed the higher degree of degradation and lower crystallinity of A-Ancient. The X-ray diffraction of S-Ancient showed the broader and weaker characteristic peaks at 2 theta of ∼ 20o indicating the lower crystallinity.
Physico-Chemical and In Vitro Cytotoxic Properties of Alginate/Soy Protein Isolated Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Nooeaid Patcharakamon , Chuysinuan Piyachat , Techasakul Supanna , Lirdprapamongkol Kriengsak , Svasti Jisnuson
Published: October 2017

Three-dimensional (3D) porous alginate/soy protein isolated (Alg/SPI) tissue engineering scaffolds were achieved by freeze-drying. The physico-chemical attributes of the scaffolds including morphology, chemical structure, mechanical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity were investigated for different SPI blends. Results indicated that increasing SPI content to 40 wt% in the blends resulted in the partial existence of closed pores and reduced pore size. The mechanical values of the scaffolds under compression also reduced with increasing SPI in the blends. The addition of SPI did not significantly enhance the cell viability of the scaffolds investigated for in vitro culture with human fibroblasts, which remained in the high (90 – 100%) range. Results demonstrated that Alg/SPI scaffolds have potential for use as tissue engineering scaffolds.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of the Biocomposites between Water Hyacinth Fiber and Paper Mulberry
Authors: Khankham Prapapan , Nhuapeng Wim , Thamjaree Wandee
Published: October 2017

Fabrication and mechanical properties of the bio-composites between water hyacinth natural fiber and paper mulberry have been investigated. The fabrication was performed using the hand lay-up technique. Untreated and treated water hyacinth fiber were used as reinforcements, in the ratio of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight, with paper mulberry as a biomatrix. It has been found that paper mulberry reinforced with 15 % treated WH fiber showed maximum tensile strength and impact energy. The optical and scanning electron microscopic morphology of the obtained composites displayed a rougher surface and the decrease in the fiber diameter when treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This improved the interlocking between the matrix and its reinforcement.
Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Electrospun Fibers Containing Rice Extract: Release Characteristics and their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Chuysinuan Piyachat , Chimnoi Nitirat , Pattani Lalita , Khlaychan Panita , Nooeaid Patcharakamon , Techasakul Supanna
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to fabricate electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber mats containing 3 kinds of rice extract (rice bran, riceberry and LeumPhum rice extracts) by using electrospinning. The rice extract has been reported to exhibit antioxidant activities. The neat and rice extract-loaded PLA fiber mats were smooth and no beads formed on the fiber surface with diameters ranging from 450-656 nm. Release characteristics of the rice extract-loaded electrospun PLA fiber mats were investigated using total immersion methods. The scavenging ability of LeumPhum rice extract-loaded electrospun fibers showed superior scavenging activity as determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The results suggested that rice extract incorporated in PLA nanofibers had no negative effect on antioxidant activity when using an electrospinning process.
An Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Aldol Condensation on Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Thongnuam Worawaran , Pornsatitworakul Suwapich , Maihom Thana , Treesukol Piti , Jarussophon Nongpanga , Maitarad Phornphimon , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Boekfa Bundet
Published: October 2017

The aldol condensation of acetone in zirconium-based metal-organic framework functionalized by a sulfonic acid group (UiO-66-SO3H) has been theoretically investigated using the density functional theory. Acetone adsorbed on the UiO-66-SO3H with the adsorption energy of -17.4 kcal/mol. The catalyzed reaction has been proposed to be a two-step mechanism: the tautomerization of keto form to produce enol form of acetone, and the aldol condensation to produce diacetone alcohol. The activation energies were calculated to be 27.2 and 6.4 kcal/mol, respectively. For the experimental part, UiO-66-SO3H catalyst was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The catalytic reaction was carried out in a stirred batch reactor at different temperatures to optimize the reaction conditions. The obtained products were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and chromatography techniques. This study demonstrated that UiO-66-SO3H can be used as a solid catalyst for the aldol condensation reaction.
Исследование обобщенно-тeплицевых матриц с неограниченными символами - это не только академическое занятие
Authors: Bottcher Albrecht , Garoni Carlo , Serra-Capizzano Stefano
Published: October 2017

Часто возникает вопрос: почему обобщенно-тeплицевы матрицы с неограниченными символами представляют интерес для исследования? В настоящей статье мы предлагаем ответ, рассматривая несколько конкретных задач, дающих мотивацию для подобных исследований. Статья содержит обзор центральных результатов теории обобщенных локально-тeплицевых (ОЛТ) последовательностей в замкнутом и конструктивном изложении. Новым дополнением теории является переход от ограниченных функций, интегрируемых по Риману, к неограниченным функциям, непрерывным почти всюду. Возникновение неограниченных символов иллюстрируется тематикой локального измельчения сеток в конечно-разностных и конечноэлементных дискретизациях, а также стратегиями предобусловливания.
Библиография: 40 названий.
Быстрое умножение матриц и смежные вопросы алгебры
Authors: Pan Viсtor Yakovlevich
Published: October 2017

Матричное умножение является одной из самых фундаментальных операций в современных вычислениях. До 1969 г. общим убеждением было, что кубический во времени классический алгоритм является оптимальным, хотя специалисты уже знали, что это не так. В 1969 г. Ф. Штрассен понизил значение 3 в показателе временно́й сложности кубического алгоритма до $2.807$, и после этого все ожидали, что очень скоро это значение понизится до своей нижней границы 2. Однако дальнейший прогресс оказался весьма затруднительным. Почти 10 лет дело не сдвигалось с мертвой точки, но затем сочетание удивительных техник, абсолютно не связанных с идеями Штрассена и гораздо более продвинутых, позволило уменьшить показатель в 1978-1981 гг. и в 1986 г. до $2.376$. В 2017 г. он все еще превышает $2.373$, но главная проблема - это проклятие рекурсии: уменьшение показателя ниже $2.7733$ требует много рекурсивных шагов, и на каждом из них размер задачи возрастает квадратично. В итоге все алгоритмы, сложность которых соответствовала таким показателям, превосходили классический алгоритм только на входных данных огромных размеров, далеко выходящих за рамки любого потенциального интереса для пользователя.
Мы приводим обзор продолжительной истории развития быстрого матричного умножения, сосредоточив свое внимание на оставшихся незамеченными реально применимых алгоритмах матричного умножения. Обсуждается их структура, используемые техники, тонкости реализации, влияние их изучения на современную теорию и практику алгебраических вычислений и перспективы для быстрого матричного умножения.
Библиография: 162 названия.
Attending Physician Remote Access of the Electronic Health Record and Implications for Resident Supervision: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Martin Shannon K. , Tulla Kiara , Meltzer David O. , Arora Vineet M. , Farnan Jeanne M.
Published: October 2017

Background 

Advances in information technology have increased remote access to the electronic health record (EHR). Concurrently, standards defining appropriate resident supervision have evolved. How often and under what circumstances inpatient attending physicians remotely access the EHR for resident supervision is unknown.

Objective 

We described a model of attending remote EHR use for resident supervision, and quantified the frequency and magnitude of use.

Methods 

Using a mixed methods approach, general medicine inpatient attendings were surveyed and interviewed about their remote EHR use. Frequency of use and supervisory actions were quantitatively examined via survey. Transcripts from semistructured interviews were analyzed using grounded theory to identify codes and themes.

Results 

A total of 83% (59 of 71) of attendings participated. Fifty-seven (97%) reported using the EHR remotely, with 54 (92%) reporting they discovered new clinical information not relayed by residents via remote EHR use. A majority (93%, 55 of 59) reported that this resulted in management changes, and 54% (32 of 59) reported making immediate changes by contacting cross-covering teams. Six major factors around remote EHR use emerged: resident, clinical, educational, personal, technical, and administrative. Attendings described resident and clinical factors as facilitating “backstage” supervision via remote EHR use.

Conclusions 

In our study to assess attending remote EHR use for resident supervision, attendings reported frequent remote use with resulting supervisory actions, describing a previously uncharacterized form of “backstage” oversight supervision. Future work should explore best practices in remote EHR use to provide effective supervision and ultimately improve patient safety.
Comprehensive Assessment of Struggling Learners Referred to a Graduate Medical Education Remediation Program
Authors: Warburton Karen M. , Goren Eric , Dine C. Jessica
Published: October 2017

Background 

Implementation of the Next Accreditation System has provided a standardized framework for identifying learners not meeting milestones, but there is as yet no corresponding framework for remediation.

Objective 

We developed a comprehensive assessment process that allows correct diagnosis of a struggling learner's deficit(s) to promote successful remediation.

Methods 

At the University of Pennsylvania, resident learners within the Department of Medicine who are not meeting milestones are referred to the Early Intervention Remediation Committee (EIRC). The EIRC, composed of 14 faculty members with expertise in remediation, uses a standardized process to assess learners' deficits. These faculty members categorize primary deficits as follows: medical knowledge, clinical reasoning, organization and efficiency, professionalism, and communication skills. The standardized process of assessment includes an analysis of the learner's file, direct communication with evaluators, an interview focused on learner perception of the problem, screening for underlying medical or psychosocial issues, and a review of systems for deficits in the 6 core competencies. Participants were surveyed after participating in this process.

Results 

Over a 2-year period, the EIRC assessed and developed remediation plans for 4% of learners (14 of a total 342). Following remediation and reassessment, the identified problems were satisfactorily resolved in all cases with no disciplinary action. While the process was time intensive, an average of 45 hours per learner, the majority of faculty and residents rated it as positive and beneficial.

Conclusions 

This structured assessment process identifies targeted areas for remediation and adds to the tools available to Clinical Competency Committees.
Vertical distribution of microphysical properties of Arctic springtime low-level mixed-phase clouds over the Greenland and Norwegian seas
Authors: Mioche Guillaume , Jourdan Olivier , Delanoë Julien , Gourbeyre Christophe , Febvre Guy , Dupuy Régis , Monier Marie , Szczap Frédéric , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Gayet Jean-François
Published: October 2017

Abstract. This study aims to characterize the microphysical and optical properties of ice crystals and supercooled liquid droplets within low-level Arctic mixed-phase clouds (MPCs). We compiled and analyzed cloud in situ measurements from four airborne spring campaigns (representing 18 flights and 71 vertical profiles in MPCs) over the Greenland and Norwegian seas mainly in the vicinity of the Svalbard archipelago. Cloud phase discrimination and representative vertical profiles of the number, size, mass and shape of ice crystals and liquid droplets are established. The results show that the liquid phase dominates the upper part of the MPCs. High concentrations (120 cm−3 on average) of small droplets (mean values of 15 µm), with an averaged liquid water content (LWC) of 0.2 g m−3 are measured at cloud top. The ice phase dominates the microphysical properties in the lower part of the cloud and beneath it in the precipitation region (mean values of 100 µm, 3 L−1 and 0.025 g m−3 for diameter, particle concentration and ice water content (IWC), respectively). The analysis of the ice crystal morphology shows that the majority of ice particles are irregularly shaped or rimed particles; the prevailing regular habits found are stellars and plates. We hypothesize that riming and diffusional growth processes, including the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) mechanism, are the main growth mechanisms involved in the observed MPCs. The impact of larger-scale meteorological conditions on the vertical profiles of MPC properties was also investigated. Large values of LWC and high concentration of smaller droplets are possibly linked to polluted situations and air mass origins from the south, which can lead to very low values of ice crystal size and IWC. On the contrary, clean situations with low temperatures exhibit larger values of ice crystal size and IWC. Several parameterizations relevant for remote sensing or modeling studies are also determined, such as IWC (and LWC) – extinction relationship, ice and liquid integrated water paths, ice concentration and liquid water fraction according to temperature.
Effect of ecological restoration programs on dust
pollution in North China Plain: a case study
Authors: Long Xin , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui , Cao Junji , Feng Tian , Xing Li , An Zhisheng
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In recent years, Chinese government has taken great efforts in initiating large-scale ecological restoration programs (ERPs) to reduce the dust pollutions in China. Using a satellite measurement product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the changes in land cover are quantitatively evaluated in this study. We find that grass and forest are increased in berried lands and deserts in northwestern China, which locate in the upwind regions of the populated areas of the North China Plain (NCP) in eastern China. As a result, the changes in land cover could produce important impacts on the dust pollutions in eastern of China. To assess the effect of ERPs on dust pollutions, a regional transport/dust model (WRF-DUST, Weather Research and Forecast model with dust) is applied to investigate the evolution of dust pollutions during a strong dust episode (from 2 to 8 March 2016). The calculations are intensively evaluated by comparing with the measured data. Despite some model biases, the WRF-DUST model reasonably reproduced the temporal variations and spatial distributions during the dust storm event. The correlation coefficient (R) between the calculated and measured dust concentrations is 0.77. The indices of agreement (IOAs) are 0.96 and 0.83, and the normalized mean bias (NMBs) are 2 % and −15 % in the dust source region (DSR) and the downwind populated area of NCP, respectively, suggesting that the WRF-DUST model well captures the spatial variations and temporal evolutions of the dust storm event. The impacts of EPRs induced land cover changes on the dust pollutions in NCP are quantitatively assessed using the WRF-DUST model. We find that the ERPs significantly reduce the dust pollutions in NCP, especially in the heart area of NCP (BTH, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei). During the episode when the dust storm was transported from the DSR to NCP, the reduction of dust pollutions induced by ERPs ranges from −5 % to −15 % in NCP, with the maximum reduction of −15.3 % (−21.0 μg m−3) in BTH, and −6.2 % (−9.3 μg m−3) in NCP. Because the air pollution is severe in eastern China, especially in NCP, the reduction of dust pollutions has important effects on the severe air pollutions. This study shows that ERPs help to reduce air pollutions in the region, especially in springtime, suggesting the important contributions of ERPs to the air pollution control in China.
A climatology of polar stratospheric cloud composition between 2002 and 2012 based on MIPAS/Envisat observations
Authors: Spang Reinhold , Hoffmann Lars , Müller Rolf , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Tritscher Ines , Höpfner Michael , Pitts Michael , Orr Andrew , Riese Martin
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument onboard the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements provide a unique dataset of day and night observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) up to both poles. A recent classification method for PSC types in IR limb spectra using spectral measurements in different atmospheric window regions has been applied to the complete mission period of MIPAS. The method uses a simple probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem with a strong independence assumption on a combination of a well-established two-colour ratio method and multiple 2D probability density functions of brightness temperature differences. The Bayesian classifier distinguishes between solid particles of ice, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), liquid droplets of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) as well as mixed types. A climatology of MIPAS PSC occurrence and specific PSC classes has been compiled. Comparisons with results from the classification scheme of the spaceborne lidar Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on the Cloud-Aerosol-Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite show excellent correspondence in the spatial and temporal evolution for the area of PSC coverage (APSC) even for each PSC class. Probability density functions of the PSC temperature, retrieved for each class with respect to equilibrium temperature of ice and based on coincident temperatures from meteorological reanalyses, are in accordance with the microphysical knowledge of the formation processes with respect to temperature for all three PSC types. This paper represents unprecedented pole-covering day and night time climatology of the PSC distributions and their composition of different particle types. The dataset allows analyses on the temporal and spatial development of the PSC formation process over multiple winters. At first view, a more general comparison of APSC and AICE retrieved from the observations and from the existence temperature for NAT and ice particles based on ECMWF reanalysis temperature data show the high potential of the climatology for the validation and improvement of PSC schemes in chemical transport and chemistry climate models.
The effects of different footprint sizes and cloud algorithms on the top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument on Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP)
Authors: Su Wenying , Liang Lusheng , Miller Walter F. , Sothcott Victor E.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Only one Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument is onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) and it has been placed in cross-track mode since launch; it is thus not possible to construct a set of angular distribution models (ADMs) specific for CERES on NPP. Edition 4 Aqua ADMs are used for flux inversions for NPP CERES measurements. However, the footprint size of NPP CERES is greater than that of Aqua CERES, as the altitude of the NPP orbit is higher than that of the Aqua orbit. Furthermore, cloud retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which are the imagers sharing the spacecraft with NPP CERES and Aqua CERES, are also different. To quantify the flux uncertainties due to the footprint size difference between Aqua CERES and NPP CERES, and due to both the footprint size difference and cloud property difference, a simulation is designed using the MODIS pixel-level data, which are convolved with the Aqua CERES and NPP CERES point spread functions (PSFs) into their respective footprints. The simulation is designed to isolate the effects of footprint size and cloud property differences on flux uncertainty from calibration and orbital differences between NPP CERES and Aqua CERES. The footprint size difference between Aqua CERES and NPP CERES introduces instantaneous flux uncertainties in monthly gridded NPP CERES measurements of less than 4.0 W m−2 for SW (shortwave) and less than 1.0 W m−2 for both daytime and nighttime LW (longwave). The global monthly mean instantaneous SW flux from simulated NPP CERES has a low bias of 0.4 W m−2 when compared to simulated Aqua CERES, and the root-mean-square (RMS) error is 2.2 W m−2 between them; the biases of daytime and nighttime LW flux are close to zero with RMS errors of 0.8 and 0.2 W m−2. These uncertainties are within the uncertainties of CERES ADMs. When both footprint size and cloud property (cloud fraction and optical depth) differences are considered, the uncertainties of monthly gridded NPP CERES SW flux can be up to 20 W m−2 in the Arctic regions where cloud optical depth retrievals from VIIRS differ significantly from MODIS. The global monthly mean instantaneous SW flux from simulated NPP CERES has a high bias of 1.1 W m−2 and the RMS error increases to 5.2 W m−2. LW flux shows less sensitivity to cloud property differences than SW flux, with uncertainties of about 2 W m−2 in the monthly gridded LW flux, and the RMS errors of global monthly mean daytime and nighttime fluxes increase only slightly. These results highlight the importance of consistent cloud retrieval algorithms to maintain the accuracy and stability of the CERES climate data record.