bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cation optimization for bifacial surface passivation in efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhao Jie , Rai Nitish , Benitez-Rodriguez Juan F. , Yan Wenqi , Sutherland Luke J. , Yan Junlin , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Jasieniak Jacek , Lu Jianfeng , Bach Udo
Published: January 2025

This work studies bifacial surface passivation methods for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells through cation engineering. Combining MEO-PEAI with NH4SCN yields optimal passivation effectiveness at both interfaces.
Fly ash integration for enhanced partial nitrification stabilization and aerobic granular sludge stability under low-temperature conditions
Authors: Li Jun , Tabassum Salma , Altundag Hüseyin
Published: January 2025

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation requires the influent NO2−–N/NH4+–N ratio to be 1.32 : 1.
Fiber formation seen through the high-resolution computational microscope
Authors: Piskorz Tomasz , Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan , de Vries Alex , van Esch Jan
Published: January 2025

TBC
Amine-promoted three-component cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with hydroxylamine and polyformaldehyde: expedient access to 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes
Authors: Zhu Yu , Lv Xueli , Hong Jun , Wu Shengxing , Li Zhi , Wang Minyan , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: January 2025

The regioselective synthesis of C4-unsubstituted 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes was achieved by amine-promoted formal dipolar [4π + 2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with hydroxylamines and polyformaldehyde.
HFIP-promoted formal [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition of para-quinone methides with bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes: an approach towards spiro-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes
Authors: Wu Haijian , Sun Manman , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhiming , Yang Jianguo , Zhu Gangguo
Published: January 2025

A formal [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition of BCBs with p-QMs has been developed using HFIP (2 M) as the solvent without an additional catalyst to enable the rapid construction of spiro-BCHs.
A versatile two-light mode triggered system for highly localized sequential release of reactive oxygen species and conjugated drugs from mesoporous organosilica particles
Authors: Bronner Hannah , Doll-Nikutta Katharina , Donath Sören , Ehlert Nina , Krysiak Yaşar , Heisterkamp Alexander , Stiesch Meike , Kalies Stefan , Polarz Sebastian
Published: January 2025

The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects of systemic treatments calls for urgent reevaluation of current methods that rely on excessive, uncontrolled drug administration.
Spiral and helical formation of passive and active polymers with stiffness heterogeneity in a spherical cavity
Authors: Yan Ran , Liu Shihang , Zhao Nanrong
Published: January 2025

Biomolecules usually adopt ubiquitous circular structures which are important for their functionality.
Impact of reduced sonic boom exposure on introspective judgments and annoyance, pleasantness and loudness ratings for simulated booms presented in a realistic indoor environment
Authors: Marmel Frédéric , Cretagne Léo , Thuong Linh-Thao , Coulouvrat François , Fritz Claudia
Published: January 2025

This paper reports on a project that quantified the effects of sonic boom exposure on human responses, in situations representative of the daily life of European citizens, to inform policy, and develop protection concepts for a new generation of supersonic commercial aircraft that should emit a reduced but perceivable boom while flying overland. Two reduced boom simulators were affixed to the bedroom windows of a house located on our university campus. The simulators were used to study indoor the participants’ responses to simulated “outdoor” booms. Testing took place in both the living room and kitchen because the booms caused different intensities of rattle noise in those two rooms. Participants performed cognitive and psychophysical tasks (Marmel et al. Acta Acust. 8 (2024) 1. https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2023063) and had mandatory rests. Questionnaires were used to assess the participants’ introspective judgment of the boom interference with the activities and how it could be linked to their noise sensitivity. In addition, the participants’ perception of the booms was studied via ratings of annoyance and pleasantness, and via loudness comparisons. The negative interference of the booms was greater during rest than during tasks and for booms with higher than lower levels. This was not directly reflected in the objective performance degradation reported in the reference cited above and thus contributes to a more complete picture of the influence of the sonic booms on humans. Moreover, booms were found to be annoying and unpleasant, even more so at a higher level and with the presence of rattle noise.
Bioenergy agroecosystems as a basis for food sustainability
Authors: Tarariko Yurii , Knysh Vladyslav , Sapaev Ibrokhim
Published: January 2025

The article examines the prospects for the introduction of a bioenergy system of agricultural production in Western Polesie using the example of a reclaimed area of 10 thousand hectares, under the jurisdiction of the Shatsk Department of Reclamation Systems (Volyn region, Ukraine). A multi-option simulation of the potential sectoral structure of this region was conducted using the “Agroecosystem” software package. The study assessed the key components of the agri-resource potential of the region, identified conditions for improving its efficiency, and proposed sustainable models for sectoral development based on bioenergy principles. A comparative computer analysis showed that the most promising scenario includes organic farming, high-yield dairy production, and the processing of raw materials into dairy and meat products, oil, and flax fiber. Energy needs are met through biogas production from all agricultural waste, which is fully sanitized. The application of biological crop protection systems and energy self-sufficiency reduces production costs by 30%, while the quality and market value of high-end food products increase accordingly. As a result, agricultural profitability rises significantly, and the local population benefits from affordable, high- quality food and products made from natural raw materials. In the future, an important part of the profit could come from reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Soil agrochemical and microbiological changes during leguminous forage grass cultivation in the southern steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Vlashchuk Anatoly , Valentiuk Nataliia , Kholmurodova Dilafruz
Published: January 2025

Increased use of arable land during the last century has led to a total decrease in soil fertility on the planet. Dehumification processes are activated in the absence of the supply of organic matter and unbalanced application of mineral fertilizers, ignoring crop rotations, minimizing the area of growing leguminous crops, burning straw in the soil. Therefore, the question of increasing the efficiency of agriculture and reproduction of soil fertility becomes urgent. The goal is to investigate the influence of leguminous forage grasses on changes in the agrochemical and microbiological composition of the soil under different methods of soil cultivation in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Odesa region (Ukraine) during 2022- 2024 by the method of a three-factor experiment (factor A - the presence of irrigation; Factor B - the method of cultivation of hryvnia, Factor C - fodder leguminous grasses). It was established that the NO3 content decreased according to the experiment options during the vegetation period from 12.17-12.31 mg/100 g of soil to 9.97-10.19 mg/100 g of soil. The content of P2O5 decreased from 6.27-6.40 mg/100 g of soil to 5.02-5.23 mg/100 g of soil, which represents an average to high level of soil provision. Significant differences were not observed in the use of available potassium. The total number of microorganisms in 1 g of completely dry soil during the growing season increased from 24.89-25.09 million to 29.87-31.20 million. In the experiment variants where irrigation was used, the values of the indicator were slightly higher than in non-irrigated areas, which indicates the positive effect of irrigation on improving the microbiological composition of the soil. The introduction of ecologically safe leguminous fodder crops into crop rotations contributes to the improvement of agrocenoses in the crop rotation of organic farming and ensures the improvement of the ecological and phytosanitary condition of the soil.
Genetic Variation of Lentil Landraces Across Different Altitudes in Azerbaijan
Authors: Babayeva Sevda , Shikhaliyeva Kamila , Qurbanova Qamar , Hajiyeva Sabina , Izzatullayeva Vusala , Rustamov Khanbala , Abbasov Mehraj
Published: January 2025

Lentil is mainly grown in rainfed systems and thus plays an important role in sustainable agriculture, especially in high mountain landscapes. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of 50 lentil accessions, including landraces from high mountain regions of Azerbaijan as well as wild lentil species, using SSR markers. DNA was extracted from leaves, amplified by PCR and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis included dendrogram construction and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). A total of 26 alleles were identified, with an average of 8.6. Primers SSR 156 and SSR 323 showed transferability between all studied species/subspecies within the genus Lens. The genetic diversity index for each primer ranged from 0.704 to 0.776, with a mean value of 0.735. Accessions from higher altitudes such as Ismayilli and Nakhchivan contributed significantly to the observed genetic variation. The dendrogram revealed four clusters in which 71.4% of the accessions were distinguishable. Lens culinary subsp. odemensis formed a distinct subcluster due to its high genetic distance. PCoA analysis revealed a dispersed sample distribution, with the first five axes accounting for 69.9% of the total variation. The study revealed significant genetic diversity among lentil accessions in Azerbaijan, including highland regions. These results highlight the need for conservation and will support future breeding and sustainable agriculture.
Characterization of Genetic Diversity to Ecological Stripe Rust Resistance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Khan Mueen Alam , Iqbal Rashid
Published: January 2025

Wheat is the most commonly cultivated crop in the world and is a staple diet for many people. The current study was carried out in the field to evaluate the 51genotypes based on morphological and physiological traits under artificial inoculation by stripe rust spore suspension and to determine the genetic diversity among these genotypes. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed Plant Height correlates highly and positively with chlorophyll content index, grain per spike, grain filling period, peduncle length, spike length and negatively correlated with spikelet per spike. Spike length (SL) was significantly correlated to plant height (PH), grain filling period, peduncle length and negatively associated with grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight. Chlorophyll content index had significant and positive association with grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, spikelet per spike and spike length. Flag leaf area is significantly and positively associated with grain filling period. Yellow rust severity data collected from genotypes indicated that highly susceptible genotype was G27 (40S). Out of 51 genotypes, 19 genotypes were completely resistant (37.25%), three genotypes were moderately resistant with 10MR score (5.88%), one genotype was moderately resistant with 20MR score (1.96%), sixteen genotypes were moderately resistant with 5MR (31.37%), two genotypes were moderately susceptible in each MS10 (3.92%), MS20 (3.92%), MS40 (3.92%) score, one genotype was susceptible with 40S score (1.96%). Results of scatter biplot diagram showed that lines representing plant height and thousand grain weight were long depicting more variation among these traits as these were further away from origin. Traits under study like plant height, chlorophyll content index, grain per spike, thousand grain weight, grain filling period, peduncle length, and spike length had positive relation as depicted by correlation analysis. Lines 16, 22, 37, 27 and 51 were far away from other lines thus showed that these were highly diverse in respect to studied parameters.
Impact of Insolation on Melatonin, Sleep Disorders, Cerebral Ischemia, and Cognitive Functions
Authors: Adambaev Zufar , Yakubova Markhamat , Olmosov Ravshan
Published: January 2025

The article explores the effect of insolation on the level of serum melatonin, sleep disorders, chronic cerebral ischemia and cognitive functions. Eighty patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) were examined. The average age of the patients was 58.5±1.4 years. The patients were divided into 6 groups depending on the presence of sleep disorders and the stage of CCI. The concentration of melatonin in the blood was studied depending on the season. Sleep disorders and cognitive impairment were assessed using special questionnaires, and cognitive evoked potentials P300 were studied. To correct sleep disorders, patients took melatonin. The concentration of melatonin in the blood is subject to seasonal changes in the duration of daylight, with maximum values in winter and minimum in summer. With increasing age and severity of cerebral ischemia, a decrease in the concentration of melatonin in the blood is observed. As the severity of CCI increases, cognitive indices deteriorate, as indicated by questionnaires and cognitive evoked potentials, which show an increase in P300 latency. Additionally, daytime sleepiness, as measured by the Epworth scale, also tends to worsen. Sleep disturbance in patients with CCI leads to a decrease in cognitive functions.
Study of the Greater Caucasus glaciers and forest distribution routes
Authors: Baghirov Hussein
Published: January 2025

The glaciers of the Caucasus Mountains and their role in water bodies has been investigated in this topic. Changes in glaciers over time on the peaks of the Caucasus mountains Bazarduzu, Shahdag, Bazaryurd and Tufandag were analyzed as well. It has been determined that the role of glaciers in the formation of Gudyalchay and Gusarchay is exclusively important. A significant percentage of water flows into these rivers as a result of melting glaciers. The nature of the forests of the Greater Caucasus has been studied, and the ways of forest expansion have been investigated. The importance of glaciers and forests for nature conservation has been shown.
Research Areas on Transition to Renewable Energy Sources in Bibliographic Publications
Authors: Mammadov Nurmammad , Akbarova Samira
Published: January 2025

Energy transition involves the use of renewable energy sources to replace fossil and nuclear fuels. Energy transition issues are in the spotlight of both the global community and Azerbaijan, where the significant potential of renewable energy sources has served as the basis for integrating renewable energy into the country's energy supply system. The article provides a bibliometric analysis of current research issues on the technological aspects of energy transition using metadata of publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection abstract database over the past 4 years using the VOSviewer program. Three main areas of scientific research were identified: the impact of renewable energy sources on sustainable development and optimization of energy consumption; technological innovations; and environmental benefits of energy transition. The results indicate significant interest in optimizing the production, use, and utilization of energy resources, prospects for the development of renewable energy, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The results can serve as a basis for developing effective government strategies for energy transition. This study emphasizes the importance of the transition to sustainable energy sources in the context of combating climate change and ensuring environmental sustainability. The results, based on the analysis of modern trends and practices, can serve as a basis for developing effective government strategies and programs aimed at achieving sustainable development and reducing the negative impact on the environment in the energy sector.
Political Dimensions of Global Ecological Governance Frameworks
Authors: Akhundov Rza , Tangirov Abdukholik , Sultonov Akmal
Published: January 2025

The urgency of global ecological issues is becoming increasingly critical, with political frameworks playing a pivotal role in addressing these challenges. This paper explores the political dimensions of global ecological governance, focusing on how international agreements and national policies intersect to shape sustainable environmental outcomes. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of political structures in fostering cooperation between nations, examining both successful examples and failures in global environmental governance. The research employs a comparative analysis methodology, evaluating the role of international institutions, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), alongside national legislative efforts in key regions. Additionally, content analysis is applied to major policy documents to assess the alignment of global ecological goals with political agendas. The results highlight significant disparities between global and national ecological policies, revealing that political interests often hinder the effectiveness of ecological governance frameworks. The analysis shows that while international agreements set ambitious targets, national implementation often falls short due to political and economic constraints. Moreover, the study identifies key factors contributing to successful governance, such as political will, economic incentives, and international cooperation. In conclusion, the paper argues that the future of global ecological governance depends on the alignment of political agendas with environmental goals. Strengthening international collaboration and fostering political commitment at the national level are critical to addressing global ecological challenges. The findings underscore the importance of integrating ecological considerations into the broader political decision-making process to ensure long-term sustainability.
Visualization of Snow Cover Changes in the Greater Caucasus Mountains Using Integrated Multi-Sensor Image Fusion
Authors: Imrani Zaur , Rasouli Aliakbar
Published: January 2025

The main goal of the current research was to visualize recent snow cover changes in the parts of the Greater Caucasus Mountains along Shahdag, Bazarduzu, and Tufandag months, using multi-sensor and multi- spectral satellite image processing. Accordingly, accessible satellite imagery from the valid sites was obtained, and a few necessary pre-processing operations, such as atmospheric and radiometric corrections, were subjected to available Sentinel-2 and Landsat (8 and 9) images from 2017 to 2023, adjusted to annual, spring-summer months. Next, we employed a harmonized method to combine the Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel (HLS) image bands using object-oriented functions within the eCognition software. This integration led to diverse products, especially High Optimized Natural Color (HONC) images and Scene Classification maps of the study area. Finally, it became possible to evaluate changes in the snow covers with higher accuracy in the annual and monthly time scales. Examining the amount of snow cover, represented by the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) in recent years shows a significant reduction in snow packs on an annual scale, with rapid melting from the middle of spring to the end of summer months. The final results indicate the fact that the methods of optimization and fusion of Landsat and Sentinel sensors can be very effective in extracting and identifying snow cover with high accuracy on a daily scale.
Comparative Study of Indicators of Mental Development of Primary School Children Living in Mountainous, Foothill and Coastal Areas
Authors: Karamova Natavan , Khayrullayeva Nazrin , Guliyeva Naile , Ganbarli Ulkar , Mustafazade Nazrin , Aliyeva Samire , Mammadli Rukhsara
Published: January 2025

The presented article considers a comparative analysis of the results of the study of the influence of relief, climate and other factors on the mental development of primary school students in highland, foothill and coastal areas. Thus, a total of 164 primary school students from different regions aged 6-10 years were examined. The adaptation of primary school students is mainly influenced by indicators of mental development. From this point of view, the goal was to determine the formation of higher nervous activity, the period of transition to adolescence and normal individual mental development against the background of emerging neuroendocrine changes, conducting a study by testing primary school students living in areas with different relief (mountain, foothill and coastal), without causing emotional stress. The studies were conducted in Guba, Gusar, Khachmaz, Siyazan and Baku. As a result of the study, it was revealed that primary school students living in mountainous areas have a more stable nervous system. Thus, it was established that primary school children living in areas with different relief and climate have normal neuropsychic development. Baku school children had a higher level of individual anxiety than their peers. Primary school children living in mountainous, foothill and coastal areas have anxiety indicators within the normal range, indicating that they are more emotionally stable. At the same time, a stronger development of the sensory system and, as a result, a higher level of visual memory were recorded. It was established that primary school children living in highland areas have a high level of adaptation processes, the nervous system develops more stably and stress-resistant than their peers living in other areas.
Study of Post-Radiation Effects in Gasolines
Authors: Jabbarova Lala Yusif , Mustafaev Islam Israfil , Ibadov Navai Ayyub , Guliyeva Nigar Gacay , Mirzayeva Aida Suleyman
Published: January 2025

This paper studies the processes of radiation-induced polymerization and post-polymerization in motor fuels. It is important that the fuel components remain stable at high temperatures and radiation under operating conditions. When organic substances are exposed to ionizing radiation, complex chemical changes occur. Therefore, in addition to knowing the usual physicochemical properties of organic fuels and lubricants, it is also important to understand how they behave under the influence of radiation - this is called their radiation resistance. Adding small amounts of aromatic compounds to the fuel can increase its resistance to gamma radiation. The study of this issue is of practical importance. The purpose of this work is to study how the physicochemical properties of gasoline change when small amounts of benzene are added under the influence of ionizing radiation from 60 oC. However, post-polymerization processes in gasoline have not been studied in detail. The processes caused by radiolysis can continue for a long time after the cessation of exposure to radiation, which changes the composition of the fuel. As a result, the performance characteristics of the fuel deteriorate. To study these post- polymerization processes, irradiated samples of pure gasoline and gasoline with various benzene additives were tested immediately after irradiation and again after 2, 4 and 8 months. This study was conducted due to the importance of the problem and the lack of information on it. The kinetics of post-polymerization processes during 8 months after irradiation show that the rate of the process and its contribution to the overall polymerization depend on the irradiation time, the density of the initial mixture and the dose.
Effects of Environmental Variability on the Genus Olea L.
Authors: Atayeva Leyla , Ahmadova Sariye , Nasirli Lala , Aghayeva Jamala , Zakharova Gulnar , Mammadova Vagida
Published: January 2025

In Azerbaijan, as well as on the Absheron Peninsula, the pressing problems of our time are climate change, emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere, high temperatures, changes in groundwater levels, drought and suppression of local flora by introduced invasive species. Deformations of vegetative organs, developmental delays, premature transition to the generative phase, early aging, and infestation with various pests are observed in bioindication species sensitive to environmental changes. The article presents the results of studies of Olea europaea L. species resistant to the soil and climatic conditions of the Absheron Peninsula, which have undergone introduction testing. Taking into account the climatic factor, the results of soil and water analysis of these species, the changes occurring in the plant are scientifically substantiated. According to the results of the analysis of irrigation water in this area, it was determined that the EC is 5.46 mS/cm. In addition, excessive salinization caused an increase in the Na level in the leaves, gas exchange, growth retardation and a decrease in yield. As a result of the research, it was found that the species adapts to arid climates, but water deficit and high temperatures create environmental stress that seriously affects the plant. As a result of the research conducted during the monitoring of Absheron parks and gardens, it was found that the trunks and branches of the species are infected with Saissetia oleae Olivier. At the same time, under climate change, differences in the life cycle of S.oleae colonies and increased resistance to insecticides were observed.
Extraction of Polyphenols from Cydonia Oblonga Leaves and Their Effect on Mitochondrial Membrane Stability
Authors: Matmurotov Bakhtishod , Madrakhimova Sakhiba , Soliyev Nuriddin , Matchanov Alimjan
Published: January 2025

Cydonia oblonga Mill. (quince) is a fruit tree native to Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Turkmenistan, and Iran, known by various names including Baher Dana in Urdu and Behi in Hindi. Widely cultivated in Portugal, Turkey, Central Asia, India, and Europe, quince cultivars vary in flowering time and yield. High-yielding cultivars such as Aurora, Zoloto Skif, and Sophia show strong environmental adaptation. New cultivars such as Zolotistaya (28.4 mg/100 g vitamin C) and Padarok (32.3 mg/100 g) are rich in vitamin C and catechins. Phenolic compounds in quince leaves, particularly tannins (11%), have antidiarrheal properties. Extraction methods showed high phenolic content when the leaves were dried at optimal temperatures and extracted using ethanol systems. Quince polyphenols exhibit antioxidant and membrane stabilizing effects, which were observed in mitochondria under Fe2+/ascorbate stress, with inhibition values up to 90.3% at 30 μg/mL PF-4 extract. The study concludes that quince leaf extracts have significant antioxidant potential for pharmaceutical applications.
Optimal liquidation with conditions on minimum price
Authors: Popier Alexandre , Ali Sezer Devin , Aksu Mervan
Published: January 2025

The classical optimal trading problem is the closure of a position in an asset over a time interval; the trader maximizes the expected revenues under the constraint that the position be closed by terminal time. Since the asset price is stochastic, the liquidation constraint is too restrictive; the trader may want to relax it or slow down/stop trading depending on price behavior. We consider two additional parameters that serve these purposes within the Almgren-Chriss framework: a binary valued process that prescribes when trading takes place and a set that prescribes when full liquidation is required. The permanent price impact parameter enters the problem as the negative part of the terminal cost. A terminal cost that can take negative values implies that the BSDE associated with the value function of the control problem can explode backward in time and that existence results on solutions of BSDE with singular terminal values are not directly applicable. When liquidation costs are quadratic, the problem is convex and, under a general filtration, the minimal supersolution of the BSDE gives the value function and the optimal control. For the non-quadratic case, we assume a stochastic Markovian volatility model. These give PDE/PDE-system representations for the value functions.
Comparison of Ignition Control Techniques in HCCI Engines from Theoretical and Practical Perspectives
Authors: Yang Jiaqi
Published: January 2025

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is a cutting-edge combustion engine technology that merges the benefits of both diesel and gasoline engines. In HCCI engines, a uniform mixture of fuel and air enters the combustion chamber during the intake phase, which significantly lowers the average temperature within the chamber. This temperature reduction is crucial as it minimizes the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), pollutants that typically form at high temperatures, thus making HCCI engines more environmentally friendly. HCCI engines employ compression ignition, offering greater thermal efficiency than spark ignition engines, which are limited by the potential for knocking. These features make HCCI a promising technology for sustainable development. However, one of the main challenges preventing widespread adoption is the difficulty in precisely controlling the ignition timing. This paper aims to delve into the theoretical and practical aspects of ignition control methods in HCCI engines, highlighting the differences and challenges between theoretical models and real-world applications.
Performance Analysis and Future Trends of the Mazda Wankel Rotary Engine
Authors: Wu Jianhua
Published: January 2025

As the global focus shifts towards environmental protection and sustainable energy development, electric vehicles are increasingly seen as the future of transportation. However, internal combustion engines (ICEs) continue to offer various irreplaceable advantages, particularly in terms of cost-effectiveness and reliability. The Mazda Wankel rotary engine, in spite of a lower compression ratio compared to traditional reciprocating engines, stands out for its compact size, lightweight design, and ability to deliver high horsepower with rapid operation. This unique combination of features makes the Wankel engine a noteworthy alternative to conventional ICEs. This paper will delve into the performance characteristics of the Mazda Wankel rotary engine, highlighting its strengths and limitations. Additionally, the study will explore the potential future trends for this engine technology, considering ongoing advancements and market demands. The analysis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Wankel engine’s role in the automotive industry amidst the growing prominence of electric vehicles.
The Impacts of Hybrid Fuels on Fuel Efficiency: Reasons and Implications
Authors: Zhao Qisen
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the impact of hybrid fuels on fuel efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic dynamics. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and analysis of experimental data, the study examines the potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of blended fuels. Hybrid fuels, comprising mixtures of conventional and alternative energy sources, have shown promise in enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, they offer potential benefits in stabilizing fuel prices and fostering economic growth by diversifying energy sources. The research also highlights the need for further investigation into optimal fuel mix ratios and their performance across various applications, including automotive, industrial, and power generation sectors. The findings suggest that hybrid fuels could play a crucial role in the transition towards more sustainable and efficient energy systems. This study recommends continued research and development in hybrid fuel technologies to maximize their benefits and address the challenges identified.
Advancing Solid-State Batteries with Nanomaterials: Enhancing Safety, Performance, and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Lang Junbo
Published: January 2025

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are a promising advancement in energy storage technology, offering higher energy density and improved safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. The integration of nanomaterials into SSBs has the potential to overcome key technical challenges, including low ion conductivity, interface instability, and mechanical failures. This review explores the role of nanomaterials in enhancing the performance of SSBs by improving ion transport, stabilizing interfaces, and inhibiting dendritic crystal growth. Additionally, the application of nanoscale coatings on electrodes and solid electrolytes is discussed as a strategy to further optimize battery performance. While nanomaterials significantly improve the safety, efficiency, and longevity of SSBs, challenges such as large-scale production, cost control, and long-term stability remain. Continued research and innovation are essential to fully unlock the potential of nanomaterials in SSBs, which hold significant promise for sustainable energy storage solutions, particularly in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.
Technical Features and Development Trends of Liquid Air Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Yuting
Published: January 2025

Liquid Air Energy storage (LAES), as an innovative approach to energy storage, utilizes the cryogenic properties of air to provide long duration of energy storage. Through the process of cooling air and storing it in liquid form, LAES systems can release energy when in need, expanding the air and driving turbines to generate electricity. This paper assesses LAES technology’s potential, especially in grid balancing and as a back energy storage, noting its compatibility with renewable sources with a discontinuous energy supply, like wind and solar. While LAES systems provide high energy density, long operational lifetimes, and minimal environmental impact, they face challenges that include low round-trip efficiency, scalability issues, and high capital costs. Current research focuses on improving efficiency through thermal storage integration, reducing material costs, and developing hybrid systems to enhance LAES performance. Future advancements in thermal management and modular designs are expected to address existing challenges, placing LAES as a feasible solution for grid stability and renewable energy integration.
The feasibility of conducting compressed air energy storage system
Authors: Feng Yucheng
Published: January 2025

Energy storage has been a crucial component in human energy utilization, with the compressed air energy storage system (CAES) emerging as a significant and indispensable aspect of the conversation around energy storage solutions. Historically, the understanding of CAES was confined to theoretical models, but recent years have witnessed an increase in practical applications and constructions, bringing the technology into the public eye. These developments have yielded valuable and precise data that researchers can leverage. Utilizing these data points, this paper employs both qualitative and quantitative analysis to thoroughly evaluate the viability of implementing CAES systems. The aim of this article is to provide some insights that can significantly contribute to the advancement of CAES technology, offering a comprehensive assessment that informs future development strategies. Furthermore, the difficulty of the technology is analyzed and some solutions are provided. Finally, the further development trend of compressed air energy storage system is conducted.
Mandibular posterior bone anchorage technique using steel wire: a retrospective descriptive study on dental movements and clinical tolerance
Authors: Grzelczyk Lucie , Ligerot Romain , Filippi Raphaël , Cresseaux Paul , Carlier Adélaïde
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In 2015, a new technique for posterior mandibular bone anchorage, termed “Abalakov”, was introduced. This technique enables the distalization of mandibular teeth and the entire arch as needed, utilizing a single steel wire anchored to the internal oblique line of the mandibular ramus. This study aims to describe the dental movements achieved with Abalakov anchorage for targeted orthodontic adjustments. Secondarily, it profiles the patients who underwent this technique and evaluates their clinical responses, particularly regarding any signs of intolerance. Method: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of patients treated by specialists in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery in Lyon, France, from 2015 to 2023. A total of 32 cases involving 59 Abalakovs were analysed, gathering data on orthodontic treatment details, patient demographics, and post-operative effects. Results: The average molar retreat measured 3.70 mm (σ: 2.78 mm), and incisal straightening averaged 10.80° (σ: 8.13°). The rates of inflammation, infection, and loss of anchorage were 5.1%, 1.7%, and 13.6%, respectively, with class II decompensation was the primary indication with 84%. Conclusion: The Abalakov method appears to complement the therapeutic arsenal available to orthodontists and surgeons for the treatment of patients requiring solid mandibular posterior anchorage.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus:
Findings from the Diabetes Landeck Cohort
Authors: Haslwanter Veronika , Hallson Lára R. , Rochau Ursula , Siebert Uwe , Schönherr Hans Robert , Oberaigner Wilhelm
Published: January 2025

Introduction Maintaining and optimizing quality of life (QoL) is a central
issue and one of the most important goals in therapy for patients with chronic
diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite its importance, there is
little data on the QoL of patients with DM in Austria. The objective of this
study was to extend an established population-based cohort, the Diabetes-Landeck
cohort, by including patient-reported outcomes.

Methods We performed a survey on quality of life (QoL) and treatment
satisfaction in patients from the Diabetes-Landeck cohort using the EQ-5D-5L,
the problem areas in diabetes survey (PAID), and the diabetes treatment
satisfaction questionnaire (DTSQ). Mean sum scores were calculated and compared
between patient characteristic subgroups.

Results In total 58 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 63 years
and a mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 7.1%. The mean sum score of EQ-5D-5L was 92
(SD=10.6), and that of DTSQ and PAID were 32.2 (SD=6.6) and 10.8 (SD=11.6),
respectively. Patients with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2)
showed a statistically significant decreased mean sum score of EQ-5D-5L and a
statistically significant increased mean sum score of DTSQ. Patients with HbA1c
≥7.5% showed a statistically significant decreased mean sum score of DTSQ.

Conclusion We observed patient-reported outcomes significantly associated
with obesity and HbA1c, which could be used for targeted patient monitoring.
Limited by small sample size and questions in generalizability, we strongly
suggest the rollout of a larger study.
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Initial Phase of a Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Program
Authors: Ewais Elias , Bauer Nadja , Schlömicher Markus , Bechtel Matthias , Moustafine Vadim , Hamdani Nazha , Strauch Justus T. , Haldenwang Peter Lukas
Published: January 2025

Background In obese patients, minimally invasive surgical aortic valve replacement (MIS-AVR) presents challenges, and the risk of patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM) is elevated. This retrospective single-center study evaluates the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the outcome of an initial MIS-AVR program.

Material and Methods A total of 307 patients underwent MIS-AVR between January 2013 and December 2015, the initial phase of our MIS-AVR program. They were divided into normal/overweight (BMI <30 kg/m2) versus obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Primary endpoints included 30-day and 2-year mortality and stroke. Secondary endpoints comprised type 3 bleeding, PPM, paravalvular leakage, wound healing disorders (WHDs), and pacemaker rates.

Results In all 191 patients exhibited a BMI <30 kg/m2, while 116 patients had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. The BMI groups did not differ in baseline characteristics, excepting a higher peripheral arterial disease incidence among obese patients (15.7% vs. 26.7%; p = 0.01). Aortic clamp time (75 ± 29 min vs. 87 ± 37 min; p = 0.001), cardiopulmonary bypass (104 ± 36 min vs. 124 ± 56 min; p = 0.0002), and ventilation times (26 ± 6 h vs. 44 ± 8 h; p = 0.03) were longer in obese patients. They demonstrated a higher risk for bleeding (2.6% vs. 9.5%; p = 0.008) but lower pacemaker rates (9% vs. 3%; p = 0.02). PPM, paravalvular leakage, and WHD exhibited no group differences. No BMI-related differences revealed in 30-day mortality (4.7% vs. 3.4%) and stroke rates (2% vs. 2.6%), as well as 2-year mortality (12.6% vs. 11.2%) and stroke rates (2.1% vs. 2.6%).

Conclusion In the initial phase of an MIS-AVR program, the 30-day mortality may be elevated. Despite longer operative times and an increased risk for bleeding in obese patients, no influence of BMI on postoperative morbidity, mortality, or stroke rates was observed.
Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs mediate the beneficial effects of
exercise in ischemic stroke
Authors: Tan Xuefeng , Ding Zhimin , Shi Lizhen , Wu Ruonan
Published: January 2025

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that is one of the leading
causes of death and neurological disorders worldwide. Exosomes are a novel class
of intercellular signaling regulators containing cell-specific proteins, lipids,
and nucleic acids that transmit messages between cells and tissues. MicroRNAs
are regulatory non-coding ribonucleic acids that are usually present in exosomes
as signaling molecules. Studies have shown that exosomes and exosomal microRNAs
can improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke by inhibiting the inflammatory
response, reducing apoptosis, improving the imbalance of oxidative and
antioxidant systems, and regulating cellular autophagy, among other processes.
Previous studies have shown that exercise training can exert neuroprotective
effects on ischemic stroke by promoting the release of exosomes and regulating
the expression of exosomal microRNAs, which in turn regulate multiple signaling
pathways. Exosomes and exosomal microRNAs may be key targets for exercise to
promote cerebrovascular health. Therefore, the study of exercise-mediated
exosomes and their microRNAs may provide new perspectives for exploring the
mechanism of exercise intervention in the prevention and treatment of ischemic
stroke.
Feasibility and Challenges of Pyeloureteral Magnetic Anastomosis Device in Domestic Pigs: A Stepwise Approach with Extended Observation
Authors: Kubiak Rainer , Hornok Zita , Csukas Domokos , Ferencz Andrea , Cserni Tamas
Published: January 2025

Objective The pyeloureteral anastomosis remains the most challenging part of pyeloplasty. A purpose-built anastomotic device could simplify this step and potentially improve outcomes. The concept of a pyeloureteral magnetic anastomosis device (PUMA) was proven in minipigs, but only in short term. Our aim was to test the PUMA in domestic pigs and achieve a prolonged follow-up period.

Methods Five female domestic pigs underwent laparoscopy and ligation of the left ureter. Four weeks later, laparoscopic implantation of the PUMA was planned. Removal of the device and a retrograde contrast study were scheduled after another 4 weeks. The experiment was terminated when the animals could no longer be properly cared for due to their weight.

Results Due to unexpected smaller ureteric diameters, a modified PUMA could only be successfully inserted in pig number 3 (49 kg). Four weeks later, the device was found to be dislocated, but the anastomosis remained patent. After modifying the study protocol, the PUMA was successfully implanted in pigs number 4 (96 kg) and 5 (68 kg) 8 weeks after ureteric ligation. Pig 4 developed malignant hyperthermia and died. In pig 5, the magnets were removed 4 weeks later. After an additional 8 weeks, the animal reached 135 kg and was terminated. The anastomosis remained patent and preserved its diameter.

Conclusion Despite limitations, our study successfully demonstrated that the PUMA can achieve a patent ureteric anastomosis in domestic pigs. This suggests a potential for minimally invasive ureteric anastomosis in clinical settings. Further research is needed to optimize the technique and validate its effectiveness in humans.
Ortho-Formylation of Phenols: the Casnati-Skattebøl Reaction in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Substances.
Authors: Klumpp Douglas A , Debt Titas , Littich Ryan
Published: January 2025

The Casnati-Skattebøl reaction is an effective method for achieving ortho-formylation of phenols to provide salicylaldehydes. The conversion involves the reaction of magnesium phenolates with formaldehyde followed by an oxidation of the intermediate hydroxymethyl group. This reaction has been used in the synthesis of numerous biologically active substances and natural products, which is the subject of this review.
Sealed endoscopic full-thickness resection with sentinel node navigation for early gastric cancer without endoscopic submucosal dissection indication
Authors: Kitakata Hidekazu , Itoh Tohru , Kinami Shinichi , Hata Yoshiyuki , Kunou Hiroaki , Mukai Tsuyoshi , Shimasaki Takeo
Published: January 2025

Background and study aims: Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) is a beneficial procedure that enables minimal resection of the gastric wall since the tumor can be located endoscopically. However, it is not indicated for epithelial tumors because of the risk of peritoneal dissemination. Therefore, we devised a new LECS technique, known as sealed endoscopic full-thickness resection (sealed EFTR), in which the serosa was sealed with a silicone sheet to prevent the escape of gastric content and tumor cells. The aims of this study are to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a newly developed procedure, and to observe its long-term outcomes, including absence of local recurrence and peritoneal dissemination.
Patients and methods: Approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of the Japan Consortium for Advanced Surgical Endoscopy Study Group. Between December 2011 and July 2021, at Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 16 patients with cT1 gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. Sealed EFTR was performed in patients diagnosed with negative lymph node metastasis via intraoperative sentinel node biopsy.
Results: Among the 16 enrolled patients, 12 (75%) had negative sentinel node metastases, 11 of whom underwent sealed EFTR. Except for two patients who died from other causes, no instances of metastasis or recurrence were observed during the mean follow-up period of 6.5 (2–11) years.
Conclusions: This study suggests that appropriate case selection by sentinel lymph node biopsy could allow for oncologically safe and individualized minimally invasive surgery for early gastric cancer that is ineligible for endoscopic submucosal dissection.