bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral reflectance models for soil salt content by filtering methods and waveband selection
Authors: Zeng Wen-Zhi , Huang Jie-Sheng , Xu Chi , Ma Tao , Wu Jing-Wei
Published: April 2016

For improving the understanding of interactions between hyperspectral reflectance and soil salinity, in situ hyperspectral inversion of soil salt content at a depth of 0-10 cm was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China. Six filtering methods were used to preprocess soil reflectance data, and waveband selection combined by VIP (variable importance in projection) and b-coefficients (regression coefficients of model) was also applied to simplify model. Then statistical methods of partial least square regression (PLS) and orthogonal projection to latent structures (OPLS) were processed to establish the inversion models. Our findings indicate that the selected sensitive wavebands for the 6 filtering methods are different, among which the multiplicative signal correction (MSC) and standard normal variate methods (SNV) have some similar sensitive wavebands with unfiltered data. Derivatives (DF1 and DF2) could characterize sensitive wavebands along the scale of VNIR (350-1100 nm), especially the second derivative (DF2). The sensitive wavebands for continuum-removed reflectance method (CR) have protruded many narrow absorption features. For orthogonal signal correction method (OSC), the selected wavebands are centralized in the range of 565-1013 nm. The calibration and evaluation processes have demonstrated the second order derivate filtering method (DF2) combined with waveband selection is superior to other processes, for it has high R
2 (larger than 0.7) both in PLS and OPLS models for calibration and evaluation, by choosing only 156 wavebands from the whole 700 wavebands. Meanwhile, OPLS method was considered to be more suitable for the analyzing than PLS in most of our situations.
The ways to increase efficiency of soil bioremediation
Authors: Wołejko Elżbieta , Wydro Urszula , Łoboda Tadeusz
Published: April 2016

The aim of this paper was to present possibilities of using different substrates to assist the bioremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides and other substances. Today's bioengineering offers many solutions that enable the effective conduct of biological remediation, including both biostimulation and bioaugmentation. For this purpose, they are used to enrich various organic substances, sorbents, microbiological and enzymatic preparations, chemical substances of natural origin or nanoparticles. The use of genetic engineering as a tool to obtain microorganisms and plants capable of efficient degradation of pollutants may cause the risks that entails the introduction of transgenic plants and microorganisms into the environment. In order to determine the efficacy and possible effects of the various bioremediation techniques, it is required to conduct many studies and projects on a larger scale than only in the laboratory. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that bioremediation involves interdisciplinary issues and therefore, there is a need to combine knowledge from different disciplines, such as: microbiology, biochemistry, ecology, environmental engineering and process engineering.
The Potential for Joint Farming Ventures in Irish Agriculture: A Sociological Review
Authors: Cush Peter , Macken-Walsh Áine
Published: April 2016

Joint farming ventures (JFVs) are promoted within Irish and EU policy discourses as strategies that can enhance the economic and social sustainability of family farming. Research has shown that JFVs, including arrangements such as farm partnerships, contract rearing and share farming, can potentially enable farmers to work cooperatively to improve farm productivity, reduce working hours, facilitate succession, develop skills and improve relationships within the farm household. In the context of increasing policy promotion of JFVs, there is a need to make some attempt at understanding the macro socio-cultural disposition of family farming to cooperation. Reviewing sociological studies of agricultural cooperation and taking a specific focus on the Irish contextual backdrop, this paper draws the reader’s attention to the importance of historical legacy, pragmatic economic and social concerns, communicative norms, inter-personal relationships, individualism and, policy and extension stimuli, all of which shape farmers’ dispositions to cooperation and to JFVs specifically.
Activity of Slow-Moving Landslides Recorded in Eccentric Tree Rings of Norway Spruce Trees (Picea Abies Karst.) — An Example from the Kamienne MTS. (Sudetes MTS., Central Europe)
Authors: Malik Ireneusz , Wistuba Małgorzata , Migoń Piotr , Fajer Maria
Published: April 2016

We found ubiquitous evidence of ongoing slope instability by analysing the variability of tree-ring eccentricity index in trees growing on three apparently relict landslide slopes in the Sudetes (Poland, Central Europe). Slow movement of these landslide bodies occurs in the present-day conditions and is recorded almost every year, although with variable intensity. Correlation of dendrochronological record with the rainfall record from a nearby station in Mieroszów for the 1977–2007 period is very poor for two deep-seated rotational slides at Mt Suchawa and Mt Turzyna but considerably better for a shallow flowslide at Mt Garbatka. While this may reflect higher permeability of heavily jointed rocks involved in deep-seated sliding this could be linked with imperfections in the rainfall record. Dendrochronology proved capable of detecting minor displacements within landslides which otherwise show no geomorphic evidence of recent activity. Therefore, claims for the entirely relict nature of the landslides are not substantiated.
25(OH)D3Levels Relative to Muscle Strength and Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Athletes
Authors: Książek Anna , Zagrodna Aleksandra , Dziubek Wioletta , Pietraszewski Bogdan , Ochmann Bartosz , Słowińska – Lisowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2016

Vitamin D is mainly known for its effects on the bone and calcium metabolism. The discovery of Vitamin D receptors in many extraskeletal cells suggests that it may also play a significant role in other organs and systems. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D3levels, lower limb isokinetic strength and maximum oxygen uptake in well-trained professional football players. We enrolled 43 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age was 22.7±5.3 years. Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D3levels in 74.4% of the professional players. The results also demonstrated a lack of statistically significant correlation between 25(OH)D3levels and lower limb muscle strength with the exception of peak torque of the left knee extensors at an angular velocity of 150°/s (r=0.41). No significant correlations were found between hand grip strength and maximum oxygen uptake. Based on our study we concluded that in well-trained professional soccer players, there was no correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D3and muscle strength or maximum oxygen uptake.
Prevalence of Dehydration Before Training Sessions, Friendly and Official Matches in Elite Female Soccer Players
Authors: Castro-Sepulveda Mauricio , Astudillo Javier , Letelier Pablo , Zbinden-Foncea Hermann
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the hydration states prior to different sporting events (training sessions, friendly and official matches) in elite female soccer players and relate that to the importance that the player attached to the hydration state as a determinant of sports performance. The hydration state of 17 female elite soccer players (age: 21.5 ± 3 years; body mass: 62 ± 6 kg; body height: 165 ± 9 cm) was determined by measuring their urine specific gravity (USG) prior to three different sports events: training sessions (PT), friendly (PF) and official (PO) matches. The importance that each player attached to the hydration state as a determinant of sports performance was evaluated through a simple questionnaire. An average of 47.05% of the soccer players were severely dehydrated (USG > 1.030), 33.33% were significantly dehydrated (USG > 1.020), 17.64% were mildly dehydrated (USG > 1.010) and 1.96% were euhydrated (USG < 1.010). The average USG was 1.027 ± 0.007 (PT = 1.029 ± 0.009; PF = 1.023 ± 0.010 and PO = 1.030 ± 0.006). Differences were found between urine specific gravity prior to a friendly and an official match (p = 0.03). No relationship was found between urine specific gravity and the importance each player attached to the hydration state as a determinant of sports performance. The results show that dehydration is the most prevalent hydration state of elite soccer players before training sessions, friendly and official matches. Players were most dehydrated prior to official matches, which was unlinked to the players’ perceived importance of hydration for sports performance.
Particle-Based Monte-Carlo Simulations of Steady-State Mass Transport at Intermediate Péclet Numbers
Authors: Müller Thomas , Arosio Paolo , Rajah Luke , Cohen Samuel I. A. , Yates Emma V. , Vendruscolo Michele , Dobson Christopher M. , Knowles Tuomas P. J.
Published: April 2016

Conventional approaches for simulating steady-state distributions of dilute particles under diffusive and advective transport involve solving the diffusion and advection equations in at least two dimensions. Here, we present an alternative computational strategy by combining a particle-based rather than a field-based approach with the initialisation of particles in proportion to their flux. This method allows accurate prediction of the steady state and is applicable even at intermediate and high Péclet numbers

(
P
e
>
1
)

$ (Pe \gt 1)$

where traditional particle-based Monte-Carlo methods starting from randomly initialised particle distributions fail. We demonstrate that generating a flux of particles according to a predetermined density and velocity distribution at a single fixed time and initial location allows for accurate simulation of mass transport under flow. Specifically, upon initialisation in proportion to their flux, these particles are propagated individually and detected by summing up their Monte-Carlo trajectories in predefined detection regions. We demonstrate quantitative agreement of the predicted concentration profiles with the results of experiments performed with fluorescent particles in microfluidic channels under continuous flow. This approach is computationally advantageous and readily allows non-trivial initial distributions to be considered. In particular, this method is highly suitable for simulating advective and diffusive transport in microfluidic devices, for instance in the context of diffusive sizing.
Is There Such a Thing as Narrative Explanation?
Authors: Klauk Tobias
Published: April 2016

Some narratives are explanatory, and some explanations are given by narrating. But are there explanations which are explanatory

Since the concepts of narrative and explanation are contested, both concepts need to be explicated in order to investigate whether narrative explanations exist. As for explanation, the idea that some narratives are explanatory because they are narratives is often expressed by saying that the narrative form contrib­utes to the explanatory force of the explanation. Unfortunately, the notion of explanatory force is but a rather vague picture. It is not entirely clear what a contribution to explanatory force might consist in. After explicating what counts as an explanation, I therefore propose to substitute the notion of explanatory force by a more precise account. The one that is chosen for the purposes of this paper (but not the only possible choice) is van Fraassen’s account: explanations are seen as at least answers to how-questions or why-questions which are relevant for the

My explication of the notion of narrative already stands in this context. In order to find relevance relations between answers to how/why-questions and

In the main part of the paper, these inherently narrative candidates are then identified in the literature on narrative explanation, and I subsequently ask whether they can provide a relevance relation between

The last section of the paper then situates these considerations in their historical contexts, starting with Hempel’s theory of explanation. The question is asked why the idea of a special, narrative type of explanation seemed attractive in the first place. I come up with three tentative answers: the widespread discontent with Hempel’s theory of scientific explanation, the availability of narrative as an obvious but allegedly underrated aspect of explanations, and the availability of a list of candidates for which narrative explanation was supposed to work. None of these historical reasons, however, is ultimately conclusive.
Water Evaporation and Condensation by a Phase-Field Model
Authors: Fabrizio Mauro , Grandi Diego , Molari Luisa
Published: April 2016

We develop a phase-field model for the liquid–vapor phase transition. The model aims to describe in a thermodynamically consistent way the phase change phenomenon coupled with the macroscopic motion of the fluid. The phase field
The risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity according to the etiology of late preterm delivery
Authors: Kim Sung Ae , Lee Seung Mi , Kim Byoung Jae , Park Chan-Wook , Park Joong Shin , Jun Jong Kwan , Yoon Bo Hyun
Published: April 2016

Objective:

The risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity between indicated deliveries vs. spontaneous deliveries has not been consistent in previous studies, in spite of the traditional belief that chronic intrauterine stress might have protective effect on fetal lung maturation. We hypothesized that the heterogeneous etiology of indicated preterm delivery may obscure the relationship between the etiologies of preterm birth and neonatal respiratory morbidity. To address this issue, we divided the indicated preterm birth (PTB) into medically-indicated (without fetal compromise) PTB and maternal/fetal-indicated PTB, and compared the neonatal respiratory morbidity according to the etiology of late PTB.

Study design:

Neonatal respiratory morbidities were examined in neonates who were delivered between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation according to the etiology of PTB: 1) medically-indicated PTB (but without fetal compromise), 2) maternal/fetal-indicated PTB, or 3) spontaneous PTB such as preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Results:

A total of 710 late preterm neonates were included in the study population, including 31 cases of medically-indicated PTB, 202 cases of maternal/fetal-indicated PTB, and 477 cases of spontaneous PTB. The rate of composite respiratory morbidity in cases of medically-indicated PTB is higher than both maternal/fetal-indicated PTB and spontaneous PTB (19% in medically-indicated PTB, 6% in maternal/fetal-indicated PTB, and 7% in spontaneous PTB). This difference between medically-indicated PTB and maternal/fetal-indicated PTB remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables.

Conclusion:

The medically-indicated PTB is associated with highest risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity in late PTB.
Social insurance in the Second Republic of Poland. Social advantage or the policy of caution
Authors: Chylak Karol
Published: April 2016

Social insurance was conceived from a great thought of the social caution, from the thought of protection of an uncertain future. That thought of caution, during the time of development of social insurance, was implemented by the public entities on the one hand and by the civil activity on the other one. However, the process of creation of the social insurance system in Poland did not represent the policy of caution executed by the state. The only sign of caution could be seen with reference to the insurance associations as there the participants decided whether to enter the system or not whereas the state executed the policy of giving privileges to the certain social groups
Regulating Effect of Asymmetrical Impeller on the Flow Distributions of Double-sided Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Yang Ce , Liu Yixiong , Yang Dengfeng , Wang Benjiang
Published: April 2016

To achieve the rebalance of flow distributions of double-sided impellers, a method of improving the radius of rear impeller is presented in this paper. It is found that the flow distributions of front and rear impeller can be adjusted effectively by increasing the radius of rear impeller, thus improves the balance of flow distributions of front and rear impeller. Meanwhile, the working conversion mode process of double-sided centrifugal compressor is also changed. Further analysis shows that the flowrates of blade channels in front impeller are mainly influenced by the circumferential distributions of static pressure in the volute. But the flowrates of rear impeller blade channels are influenced by the outlet flow field of bent duct besides the effects of static pressure distributions in the volute. In the airflow interaction area downstream, the flowrate of blade channel is obviously smaller. By increasing the radius of rear impeller, the work capacity of rear impeller is enhanced, the working mode conversion process from parallel working mode of double-sided impeller to the single impeller working mode is delayed, and the stable working range of double-sided compressor is broadened.
The Foot is not an obligatory constituent of the Prosodic Hierarchy: “stress” in Turkish, French and child English
Authors: Özçelik Öner
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes that the presence/absence of the Foot is parametric; that is, contra much previous research (see e. g. Selkirk, Elisabeth (1995). Sentence prosody: intonation, stress and phrasing. In J. Goldsmith (ed.)The handbook of phonological theory. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. 550–569., Vogel, Irene (2009). Universals of prosodic structure. In S. Scalise, E. Magni, & A. Bisetto (eds.)Universals of language today. Dordrecht: Springer. 59–82.), it is argued here that the Foot is not a universal constituent of the Prosodic Hierarchy; rather, some languages, such as Turkish and French, as well as early child languages, are footless. Several types of evidence are presented in support of this proposal, from both Turkish and French, as well as child English. A comparison of regular (word-final) and exceptional stress in Turkish reveals, for example, that regular “stress” is intonational prominence falling on the last syllable of prosodic words in the absence of foot structure. Both acoustic and formal evidence are presented in support of this proposal, as well as evidence from syntax-prosody interface. The paper also presents evidence for the footless status of French, which, unlike Turkish, is proposed to be completely footless. Several arguments are presented in support of this position, such as the fact that, in French, the domain of obligatory prominence is the Phonological Phrase (PPh), not the Prosodic Word (PWd); in a PPh consisting of several PWds, therefore, nonfinal PWds can surface without any kind of stress or prominence, suggesting that, at least for non-final PWds, one cannot assume stress or foot structure. Finally, the proposal is extended to additional languages, such as those demonstrating Default-to-Opposite Edge stress.
Synthesis of novel pyrazole derivatives using organophosphorus, stibine, and arsine reagents and their antitumor activities
Authors: El-Sayed Naglaa F. , Ewies Ewies F. , El-Hussieny Marwa , Boulos Leila S. , Shalaby ElSayed M.
Published: April 2016

The reactions of 5-azido-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (azidopyrazole) with several classes of organophosphorus reagents: phosphonium ylides, Wittig-Horner reagents, dialkylphosphonates, trialkylphosphites, tris(dialkylamino)phosphanes, triphenylstibane, triphenylarsane, and Lawesson’s reagent are reported. Structural reasoning for the new products was based on compatible analytical and spectral data. The cytotoxic activity of most of the new products was evaluated against human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(HepG2). Certain tested compounds showed promising results.
Foundational Sources and Purposes of Authority in Madayin
Authors: Kelly Danial
Published: April 2016

The Madayin system that continues to be maintained by the Aboriginal Yolngu people of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory is a holistic system of legal, religious and political authority. A recent increase in publicly-available information has enabled a broader audience to learn about the Madayin system. This article examines Madayin primarily on its own terms by analysing the foundational sources of authority and purpose in that normative system.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Recurrence or new tumors after complete resection of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amar Laurence , Lussey-Lepoutre Charlotte , Lenders Jacques W M , Djadi-Prat Juliette , Plouin Pierre-Francois , Steichen Olivier
Published: April 2016

Objectives

To systematically review the incidence and factors associated with recurrences or new tumors after apparent complete resection of pheochromocytoma or thoraco–abdomino–pelvic paraganglioma.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature was performed.

Methods

Pubmed and Embase from 1980 to 2012 were searched for studies published in English on patients with non-metastatic pheochromocytoma or thoraco–abdomino–pelvic paraganglioma, complete tumor resection, postoperative follow-up exceeding 1 month, and recurrence or new tumor documented by pathology, hormonal dosages, or imaging tests. Incidence rates of new events after curative surgery were calculated for each study that had sufficient information and pooled using random-effect meta-analysis.

Results

In total, 38 studies were selected from 3518 references, of which 36 reported retrospective cohorts from the USA, Europe, and Asia. Patient follow-up was neither standardized nor exhaustive in the included studies. A clear description of patient retrieval methods was available for nine studies and the follow-up protocol and patient flow for four studies. Only two studies used multivariable methods to assess potential predictors of postoperative events.

The overall rate of recurrent disease from 34 studies was 0.98 events/100 person-years (95% confidence interval 0.71, 1.25). Syndromic diseases and paragangliomas were consistently associated with a higher risk of a new event in individual studies and in meta-regression analysis.

Conclusions

The risk of recurrent disease after complete resection of pheochromocytoma may be lower than that previously estimated, corresponding to five events for 100 patients followed up for 5 years after complete resection. Risk stratification is required to tailor the follow-up protocol after complete resection of a pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. Large multicenter studies are needed to this end.
Aromatase expression and regulation in breast and endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhao Hong , Zhou Ling , Shangguan Anna Junjie , Bulun Serdar E
Published: April 2016

Long-term exposure to excess estrogen increases the risk of breast cancer and type 1 endometrial cancer. Most of the estrogen in premenopausal women is synthesized by the ovaries, while extraovarian subcutaneous adipose tissue is the predominant tissue source of estrogen after menopause. Estrogen and its metabolites can cause hyperproliferation and neoplastic transformation of breast and endometrial cells via increased proliferation and DNA damage. Several genetically modified mouse models have been generated to help understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of aromatase and estrogen in the normal breast and in the development of breast cancers. Aromatase, the key enzyme for estrogen production, is comprised of at least ten partially tissue-selective and alternatively used promoters. These promoters are regulated by distinct signaling pathways to control aromatase expression and estrogen formation via recruitment of various transcription factors to theircis-regulatory elements. A shift in aromatase promoter use from I.4 to I.3/II is responsible for the excess estrogen production seen in fibroblasts surrounding malignant epithelial cells in breast cancers. Targeting these distinct pathways and/or transcription factors to modify aromatase activity may lead to the development of novel therapeutic remedies that inhibit estrogen production in a tissue-specific manner.
Molecular basis for regulating seasonal reproduction in vertebrates
Authors: Nishiwaki-Ohkawa Taeko , Yoshimura Takashi
Published: April 2016

Animals that inhabit mid- to high-latitude regions exhibit various adaptive behaviors, such as migration, reproduction, molting and hibernation in response to seasonal cues. These adaptive behaviors are tightly regulated by seasonal changes in photoperiod, the relative day length vs night length. Recently, the regulatory pathway of seasonal reproduction has been elucidated using quail. In birds, deep brain photoreceptors receive and transmit light information to the pars tuberalis in the pituitary gland, which induces the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Thyroid-stimulating hormone locally activates thyroid hormone via induction of type 2 deiodinase in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Thyroid hormone then induces morphological changes in the terminals of neurons that express gonadotropin-releasing hormone and facilitates gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary gland. In mammals, light information is received by photoreceptors in the retina and neurally transmitted to the pineal gland, where it inhibits the synthesis and secretion of melatonin, which is crucial for seasonal reproduction. Importantly, the signaling pathway downstream of light detection and signaling is fully conserved between mammals and birds. In fish, the regulatory components of seasonal reproduction are integrated, from light detection to neuroendocrine output, in a fish-specific organ called the saccus vasculosus. Various physiological processes in humans are also influenced by seasonal environmental changes. The findings discussed herein may provide clues to addressing human diseases, such as seasonal affective disorder.
DNA damage responses in mammalian oocytes
Authors: Collins Josie K , Jones Keith T
Published: April 2016

DNA damage acquired during meiosis can lead to infertility and miscarriage. Hence, it should be important for an oocyte to be able to detect and respond to such events in order to make a healthy egg. Here, the strategies taken by oocytes during their stages of growth to respond to DNA damaging events are reviewed. In particular, recent evidence of a novel pathway in fully grown oocytes helps prevent the formation of mature eggs with DNA damage. It has been found that fully grown germinal vesicle stage oocytes that have been DNA damaged do not arrest at this point in meiosis, but instead undergo meiotic resumption and stall during the first meiotic division. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint, which is a well-known mitotic pathway employed by somatic cells to monitor chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, appears to be utilised by oocytes also to respond to DNA damage. As such maturing oocytes are arrested at metaphase I due to an active Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. This is surprising given this checkpoint has been previously studied in oocytes and considered to be weak and ineffectual because of its poor ability to be activated in response to microtubule attachment errors. Therefore, the involvement of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in DNA damage responses of mature oocytes during meiosis I uncovers a novel second function for this ubiquitous cellular checkpoint.
El gaucho de América. El raíd de Emiliano Soulé, de Buenos Aires a Washington, 1938-1942
Authors: Casas Matías Emiliano
Published: April 2016

La figura del gaucho fue objeto de múltiples atribuciones de sentido desde el siglo XVIII hasta la actualidad. Disímiles representaciones circularon simultáneamente dando lugar a una puja de significados que se manifestó con particular intensidad en la década del cuarenta en la provincia de Buenos Aires. En ese contexto, el viaje a caballo realizado por Marcelino Soulé, autoproclamado “gaucho argentino”, aporta una serie de elementos que permiten ampliar el análisis de estas construcciones incorporando en el estudio a diversos países de la región americana. La colección de periódicos que se encuentran en su archivo personal posibilita la reconstrucción de su aventura: desde arquetipo de la argentinidad hasta sinónimo de cow-boy, el extenso recorrido transitado daba cuenta de la labilidad del “gaucho”. Soulé fue reconstruyendo su propia representación a medida que se alejaba de Buenos Aires. Las crónicas periodísticas que reproducen su viaje complementaron este proceso reconociéndolo como genuino portador de las tradiciones argentinas
Editorial
Authors: Pacheco Romero José
Published: April 2016

Un editorial de la revista Lancet ha sido dedicado al aumento sin precedente de la longevidad en el mundo, lo que significa un “dividendo progresivo de inversión en salud y políticas ocioeconómicas”. Esto se relacionará con retos y oportunidades en educación, organización y cuidado de la salud de los longevos. Serán aspectos claves para tomar en cuenta las necesidades básicas, la autonomía, movilidad, las relaciones y la contribución del longevo a la sociedad, lo cual involucra nuevas políticas de gobierno y actitudes de la sociedad que influyan en la capacidad física y mental de las personas de edad. Aparte de una vivienda al alcance del bolsillo, segura y accesible, debe tenerse en mente el transporte, actividades culturales y comunitarias, oportunidades para actividad física, y evitar la exposición al tabaco y a otros agentes dañinos. El artículo se refiere a que no es imaginable proporcionar cuidado equitativo de alta calidad a la persona mayor en ausencia de una cobertura de salud universal, así como con alguna forma de respaldo social integrado y asequible económicamente. El mensaje es relevante para todos los profesionales y sistemas de salud, especialmente en países de ingresos medios y bajos en donde, para el año 2050, vivirá el 80% de la gente mayor de 60. Al presente solo un país, Japón, tiene ya más de 30% de su población con edad mayor de 60 años. Para 2050, habrá muchos otros países, incluyendo Chile, China, Irán, Tailandia (1) y, es muy posible, Perú.
Contribución al conocimiento de la historia de la violencia en el Perú
Authors: Garmendia Lorena Fausto
Published: April 2016

Esta investigación de carácter histórico describe todas las formas de violencia que se han producido en el Perú desde la formación de las culturas pre-Inca, Inca, la Conquista del Perú por los españoles, la etapa del Virreinato, la Independencia del dominio español, la tumultuosa historia de la República, en la que se resalta el conflicto interno de los años 1980 al 2000 y se finaliza con las formas de violencia mas prevalentes en el Perú de hoy.
Información para los autores
Authors: Pacheco Romero José
Published: April 2016

Anales de la Facultad de Medicina es la publicación oficial de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, destinada a la difusión de asuntos de educación, investigación, y temas relacionados a la práctica médica, a la enseñanza universitaria, y al mejoramiento de la Salud Pública.
The Evaluation of Output Convergence in Several Central and Eastern European Ccountries
Authors: Lyubenko Andriy
Published: April 2016

The Ukrainian integration into the world economic community means the unification of NATIONAL standards, the financial reporting, auditing and state financial control, its closest approach to the international requirements.It is difficult to overestimate the value of standardization for the economic environment and state administration. The advantages of standardization consist not only in the simplification of processes and procedures, but also in their strengthening due to reliability, which is based on the identity of understanding the rules and norms, and the high quality based on the approach regarding the questions of responsibility and introducing penalties for the possible violations.The author analyzes the development of the state financial control in Ukraine according to the INTOSAI standards. The article presents the necessity to develop and implement the national standards of financialcontrol in accordance with the INTOSAI standards.
A comprehensive publication (“Finansinė analizė“ [“Financial Analysis”], a textbook, by Prof. Dr. Habil. J. Mackevičius, PhD L. Giriūnas, PhD R. Valkauskas)
Authors: Raziūnienė Reviewed by Daiva
Published: April 2016

Not only the competitive and dynamic but also the complex and challenging business environment of the world and the European Union markets triggers the need to easily measure and comprehend the available business information as well as to communicate it in a clear manner. The language of business is most commonly the language of numbers, the skillful command of which is based on the fundamental principles of informatikon gathering, processing, perception, and use. [...]
Reasons for Bankruptcy of Natural Persons in Lithuania
Authors: Paškevičius Arvydas , Jurgaitytė Neringa
Published: April 2016

In Lithuania, bankruptcy of natural persons is a relatively new subject that has been scientifically only randomly dealt with. The bill of Bankruptcy of Natural Persons in Lithuania was proposed as early as in spring 2009 (No.XIP-450, 24.03.2009). The bill met with a considerable amount of criticism and was postponed for further improvement. By decree No. 413 of April 7, 2010, the Government of the Republic of Lithuania approved the concept of the bankruptcy of natural persons of the Republic of Lithuania. The principal goal of the concept was to consolidate the main provisions of the future law. The Law of Bankruptcy of Natural Persons of the Republic of Lithuania has come into effect since March 1, 2013.The authors of the article overview the concept and models of bankruptcy of natural persons and introduce the advantages and shortcomings of the institute of bankruptcy of natural persons. Based on scientific sources of Lithuanian and foreign authors, the article offers a theoretically systemized version of the main reasons determining the bankruptcy of natural persons. The reasons fall into two categories – economic and social. The article is mainly targeted at defining the reasons that determine the bankruptcy of natural persons in Lithuania. To achieve this goal, a quantitative survey of the questionnaires of natural persons affected by bankruptcy has been taken for the basis. In their questionnaires, the natural persons affected by bankruptcy have been asked to evaluate the reasons of bankruptcy. The results have been analyzed with the help of factor analysis and statistically processed using the SPSS statistical software package.
Bankruptcy Prediction Model for Private Limited Companies of Lithuania
Authors: Šlefendorfas Gediminas
Published: April 2016

The paper is mainly devoted to the bankruptcy prediction models and their ability to assess a bankruptcy probability for Lithuanian companies. The study showed that the most common type of companies in Lithuania is a private limited company, therefore, the main objective was to analyse such companies’ financial information and by using these results, create a new bankruptcy prediction model, which would allow to predict the bankruptcy probability as accurately as possible. 145 companies (73 already bankrupt and 72 still operating) were chosen as a primary sample and by using multivariate discriminant analysis stepwise method a linear function ZGS has been created. To achieve that, 156 different financial ratios were selected as a primary input data by using correlation calculation between bankruptcy and still operating companies and Mann – Whitney U test techniques. The results showed that 89% of companies were classified correctly, which states that the model is strong enough to predict bankruptcy probability for private limited companies operating in Lithuania in a sufficient accuracy.
Global stability of disease-free equilibria in a two-group SI model with feedback control
Authors: Shang Yilun
Published: April 2016

In this letter, a two-group SI epidemic model is tackled with an eye to population mobility. Using the method of Lyapunov functions, global stability of the disease-free equilibria with respect to one group as well as both groups is investigated. We find that the disease outbreak can be effectively controlled through adjusting the feedback control variables. Examples are worked out to illustrate the theoretical results.
New synchronization criteria for an array of neural networks with hybrid coupling and time-varying delays
Authors: Du Yanke , Xu Rui
Published: April 2016

This paper is concerned with the global exponential synchronization for an array of hybrid coupled neural networks with time-varying leakage delay, discrete and distributed delays. Applying a novel Lyapunov functional and the property of outer coupling matrices of the neural networks, sufficient conditions are obtained for the global exponential synchronization of the system. The derived synchronization criteria are closely related with the time-varying delays and the coupling structure of the networks. The maximal allowable upper bounds of the time-varying delays can be obtained guaranteeing the global synchronization for the neural networks. The method we adopt in this paper is different from the commonly used linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, and our synchronization conditions are new, which are easy to check in comparison with the previously reported LMI-based ones. Some examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Biopolitika kaip kalbinė problema Giorgio Agambeno filosofijoje
Authors: Valantiejūtė Lina , Šerpytytė Rita
Published: April 2016

Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, jog tik išryškinus kalbos kaip pirmapradiškai negatyvios struktūros idėją bei atskleidus jos įprasminimo perspektyvą, įmanoma neredukcionistiškai interpretuoti Giorgio Agambeno biopolitikos koncepciją. Kalbą ir biopolitiką susiejantis ryšys Agambeno filosofijoje išryškinamas analizuojant jo radikalizuotą Hegelio neigimo judesio interpretaciją. Teigiama, kad tik ontologiškai negatyviai interpretuojant kalbą galima paaiškinti, kodėl politika Agambenui visada jau yra biopolitika. Sykiu galima formuluoti ir svarbią konceptualinę analogiją: žmogus, kaip gyva būtybė, politikoje „egzistuoja“ tokiu pat statusu, kaip hegeliškas juslinis tikrumas „egzistuoja“ kalboje.
Carlo Schmitto Politinio romantizmo recepcija
Authors: Jokubaitis Linas
Published: April 2016

Straipsnyje skiriami du Carlo Schmitto „Politinio romantizmo“ recepcijos etapai: 1) tarpukario Vokietija ir 2) laikotarpis po Antrojo pasaulinio karo. Tarpukario Vokietijoje veikalas sulaukė teigiamų istorikų, sociologų, filosofų ir literatūrologų atsiliepimų. Po Antrojo pasaulinio karo knyga buvo beveik užmiršta. Iš tarpukario Vokietijoje pasirodžiusių šiam veikalui skirtų darbų išskiriamos dvi pagrindinės interpretacijos – Hugo Ballo straipsnis „Carlo Schmitto politinė teologija“ ir Karlo Löwitho „Okazionalus C. Schmitto decizionizmas“. Siekiama atskleisti šių darbų idėjų pagrįstumą. Šiandien tarp tyrinėtojų įsitvirtinusi nuomonė, kad „Politinis romantizmas“ yra antraeilis Schmitto veikalas, neturintis reikšmės jo politinės filosofijos visumai. Tai nepagrįstas požiūris. Šis veikalas rodo pagrindinių Schmitto politinės filosofijos idėjų ištakas ir yra svarbi jo pažiūrų sistemos dalis. Šiuo požiūriu pagrįsta yra Ballo pateikta „Politinio romantizmo“ idėjų interpretacija.
Pindaras ir išminties tradicija
Authors: Ališauskas Vytautas
Published: April 2016

...
Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness in the Setting of Pertactin-Deficient Pertussis
Authors: Breakwell Lucy , Kelso Patsy , Finley Christine , Schoenfeld Susan , Goode Brant , Misegades Lara K. , Martin Stacey W. , Acosta Anna M.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

In the United States, the proportion of Bordetella pertussis isolates lacking pertactin, a component of acellular pertussis vaccines, increased from 14% in 2010 to 85% in 2012. The impact on vaccine effectiveness (VE) is unknown.

METHODS:

We conducted 2 matched case-control evaluations in Vermont to assess VE of the 5-dose diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) series among 4- to 10-year-olds, and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) among 11- to 19-year-olds. Cases reported during 2011 to 2013 were included. Three controls were matched to each case by medical home, and additionally by birth year for the Tdap evaluation. Vaccination history was obtained from medical records and parent interviews. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by using conditional logistic regression; VE was estimated as (1-OR) × 100%. Pertactin status was determined for cases with available isolates.

RESULTS:

Overall DTaP VE was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 58%–94%). VE within 12 months of dose 5 was 90% (95% CI 71%–97%), declining to 68% (95% CI 10%–88%) by 5–7 years post-vaccination. Overall Tdap VE was 70% (95% CI 54%–81%). Within 12 months of Tdap vaccination, VE was 76% (95% CI 60%–85%), declining to 56% (95% CI 16%–77%) by 2–4 years post-vaccination. Of cases with available isolates, >90% were pertactin-deficient.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our DTaP and Tdap VE estimates remain similar to those found in other settings, despite high prevalence of pertactin deficiency in Vermont, suggesting these vaccines continue to be protective against reported pertussis disease.
MÉTODO PARA LA CRÍA EN LABORATORIO DE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) DE AMBIENTES LÓTICOS
Authors: Zanotto Arpellino Juan Pablo , Principe Romina Elizabeth , Oberto Ana Maria , Gualdoni Cristina Mabel
Published: April 2016

La taxonomía de Chironomidae se apoya fuertemente en la integración de las características morfológicas de todas las fases del ciclo de vida, las cuales se pueden obtener mediante la cría en laboratorio. Este estudio desarrolló un método de cría en laboratorio de larvas de Chironomidae de ambientes lóticos. El método consta de una circulación constante de agua y distintos ítems alimenticios. Esta metodología ha permitido obtener asociaciones de los estados de larva, pupa y adulto para la identificación de especies presentes en una región de Argentina en la que el estado de conocimiento de la familia Chironomidae es incipiente.

Laboratory Rearing Methodology for Chironomidae (Diptera) of Lotic Environments

The taxonomy of Chironomidae is strongly supported by the integration of morphological characteristics of all stages of the life cycle, which can be obtained through laboratory rearing. This study was developed in laboratory to test rearing method for lotic Chironomidae larvae. The method included constant water circulation and different food items. This methodology allowed obtaining associations of larva, pupa and adult stages for the identification of species from an Argentinean region in which the knowledge of Chironomidae family is incipient.
In memoriam Profesor Rafael Riosmena
Authors: Gavio Brigitte
Published: April 2016

In memoriam Profesor Rafael Riosmena.
Kinetic analysis of the termal decomposition of colombian vacuum residua by termogravimetry
Authors: Diaz Mateus Fabian Andrey , Chaves Arlex , Maradei Maria Paola , Fuentes David Alfredo , Guzman Alexander , Picon Hector Julio
Published: April 2016

<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt; font-family: 'Century Gothic','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;">Five different Colombian vacuum residues were thermally decomposed in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Three heating rates were employed to heat the sample up to 650°C. The kinetic analysis was performed by the Coats-Redfern method to describe the non-isothermal pyrolysis of the residua, a reaction model where the reaction order gradually increases from first to second order is proposed and an excellent agreement of the experimental with the calculated data is presented. The results also indicate that the pyrolysis of a vacuum residue cannot be modeled by a single reaction mechanism.
El impacto de los micronutrientes en la inmunidad de los animales
Authors: Campos Granados Carlos
Published: April 2016

En la producción animal, los micronutrientes (vitaminas y minerales) participan en muchas rutas metabólicas, en la regulación del ciclo celular y como moduladores de los procesos de replicación y diferenciación celular, así como juegan un papel muy importante en la integridad de aquellos tejidos de recambio rápido como son los epitelios y el sistema inmunológico. Esto es fundamental, en respuesta inmune de los animales frente a los desafíos que les imponen los agentes patógenos que causan enfermedades. En este sentido, las vitaminas A, E, C y del complejo B, desempeñan papeles importantes en el desarrollo del sistema inmune y de los mecanismos de respuesta inmune, pues estas han demostrado su capacidad para proteger a las células de la oxidación de radicales libres, así como para reducir los efectos perjudiciales de los eicosanoides (prostaglandinas, leucotrienos y tromboxanos), y para mejorar la respuesta inmune humoral y celular al desafío de la enfermedad. También pueden alterar significativamente la fagocitosis de macrófagos, la actividad monocítica, la producción de inmunoglobulinas, la producción de citoquinas y mediadores de la inflamación tales como prostaglandina E2 (PGE2). En el caso de los minerales, se ha demostrado que el cinc, el cobre, el cromo, el hierro y el selenio, pueden influir en varios componentes de la inmunidad innata, pues estos juegan un papel importante en la alteración de la lesión por radicales libres de los tejidos, y con esto las células fagocíticas producen oxidantes reactivos como parte de la defensa contra agentes infecciosos y las deficiencias de estos pueden reducir la función de las células asesinas naturales.
Estudio bioeconómico para el negocio de producción y semi-industrialización de conejo en Costa Rica
Authors: Mora Valverde David , Solano Mesén Marian
Published: April 2016

Se desarrolló un proyecto piloto cunícola en la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica, el cual tuvo como objetivo evaluar la viabilidad técnica, financiera y el análisis de riesgo para el establecimiento de un sistema de producción intensiva de engorde de conejos, en dos escenarios: A) Producción + venta de animal vivo a planta de procesamiento y B) Producción + procesamiento + Venta directa de carne empacada.  Para la implementación de una unidad cunícola con base en 40 conejas reproductoras los resultados indicaron que el escenario A requiere una inversión estimada en ₡3.580.000.  El costo de producción promedio por kilogramo de animal en pie resultaría de ₡1.450 (rango de precio de venta entre ₡1300 y ₡1600 por kg).  Se obtuvo un valor actual neto (VAN) de ₡1.136.000, con un periodo de vida útil del mismo estimado en diez años, un valor de Tasa interna de retorno (TIR) de 48,8% y una rentabilidad media del 11,2%.  Para el escenario B se requiere una inversión estimada en ₡5.080.000.  El costo de producción promedio por kilogramo de animal en canal (con costos de procesamiento adicionados) fue estimado en ₡3.760 (rango de precio de venta promedio ₡3100 a ₡4000 por kg).  Se obtuvo un valor actual neto (VAN) de ₡10.237.000 y un TIR promedio de 56,4% con un periodo de vida útil del mismo estimado en diez años y una rentabilidad media obtenida de proyecto de 45%.  Es necesario que el emprendedor en producción cunícola realice un esfuerzo previo y permanente de ventas que le permita maximizar la adición de valor agregado a sus productos por procesamiento con el fin de ver resultados en esta actividad, ya que de otra manera los ingresos no resultan significativos.