bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONNEL OF MINING ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources Russian Academy of Sciences, FEDOTENKO Natalia Alexandrovna
Published: October 2024

The article formulates a number of important conclusions and recommendations for the management of personnel development of mining enterprises. It is proved that the formation of a personnel development system at an enterprise in modern conditions is an objective necessity from the point of view of ensuring its market competitiveness and efficiency. It is established that the pace of development of scientific and technological progress necessitates the constant support of the high qualification level of its employees. Therefore, a specific feature of the formation of personnel development systems at enterprises is the need to update and maintain them in conditions of increasing complexity of technological and production processes.
PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF ALUMINOSILICATE REFRACTORY RAW MATERIALS OF THE FAR EASTERN REGION OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Institute of Mining Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SKLYAROVA Galina Fedorovna
Published: October 2024

The presence of a refractory industry characterizes the degree of industrialization. countries. Of the more than two hundred countries in the world, there is a developed refractory industry in about 35 countries. In Russia, the extraction and production of natural refractory raw materials is carried out in small quantities, amounting to units of percent of the total required quantity. The main raw material for its production is scarce and expensive alumina imported from China and other countries, 2/3 of which fall on aluminosili-cate refractories. According to the results of regional and thematic works on the territory of the Far Eastern Region of Russia, the scales of development of high-alumina formations of various genetic types have been determined: sedimentary-metamorphic (sillimanite, distene, andalusian), hydrothermal-metasomatic (alunite, alunite-dickite, alunite-diasporic), sedimentary (kaolinite), magmatic (anorthosite, labrador-anorthosite, nepheline and leucite), according to physico-chemical and technological properties (alumina content of 20-40% or more, fire resistance over 1580°C), the results of industrial research satisfying the requirements for refractory raw materials of alternative types. The presented rather extensive factual material on natural types of fire-resistant raw materials in the Far East testifies to the great potential for the formation of a raw material base for the production of refractories, the prospects of which are quite definite for the economy.
Damage to the environment as a sign of genocide
Authors: Brynzanska Оlha
Published: October 2024

The actualisation of the problems of causing damage to the environment necessitates the determination of the grounds for international criminal liability for this act in the context of various international crimes, including genocide. The purpose of this study was to highlight the damage to the environment as a sign of the crime of genocide. The study was based on general scientific theoretical methods of scientific cognition, namely systemic, functional, and dogmatic methods, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalisation. Based on the consideration of the acts covered by the concept of genocide, the study found that damage to the environment in this context can be regarded as intentional creation of such conditions of existence for a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group which, by their qualitative characteristics, are aimed at the complete or partial physical destruction of this group, and the signs of such conditions are considered in the practice of the International Criminal Court, the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. The study examined the tendency to perceive environmental damage as a sign of genocide in the context of genocide of indigenous peoples, and on this basis formulated the conclusion that it is not impossible to assess environmental damage as genocide outside the context of indigenous peoples’ living conditions, since the Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide define the characteristics of a social group that may be a victim differently – national, ethnic, racial, or religious groups. The study found that damage to the environment may simultaneously constitute a sign of both ecocide and genocide if the ecocide is aimed at the destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. The study identified the signs under which damage to the environment can be qualified as a crime of genocide: 1) deliberate creation of such living conditions for a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group aimed at its physical elimination as a social group; 2) such conditions are created in the context of deliberate physical destruction of a social group (contextual element); 3) genocidal intent, i.e., intent to destroy in whole or in part a social group defined in Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of using its findings in the context of international justice, provided that the relevant acts are qualified as genocide, one of the ways of committing which is to cause damage to the environment
Perforated Toxic Megacolon: The Dreaded Complication in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dao Quynh-Lan , Hammad Fatmaelzahraa , Dapaah-Afriyie Kwame
Published: October 2024

Toxic megacolon is a severe complication of ulcerative colitis characterized by extreme dilation of the colon, often leading to life-threatening outcomes. It typically presents with symptoms such as abdominal distension, severe pain, fever, and signs of systemic toxicity. We present a case of perforated toxic megacolon in a middle-aged woman with a new diagnosis of ulcerative colitis that was refractory to corticosteroids and biologic therapy. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this potentially fatal condition.
التفكيكية بين النشأة والمفاهيم: نموذج لتفكيك نص (لا شيء يعجبني)
Authors: العنبر عمر , العساسفة مثنى
Published: October 2024

تتسم التفكيكية بتأثيرها الفعال في حقول متنوعة، أهمها الفلسفة والسياسة والنقد الأدبي؛ بسبب الأدوات التحليلية التي تستخدمها في فك النصوص الأدبية وتشريحها لبيان عناصر الاختلاف لتعرية النص وفكه، وللهدم دون البناء، وهدف البحث إلى توضيح نشأة التفكيكية وأبرز مراحل تطورها من خلال دراسة طرائق تشكيلها وفلسفتها وفق أبعاد مفاهيمها المنهجية واللامنهجية وتقديم نموذج لتفكيك نص (لا شيء يعجبني) لمحمود درويش، وأمَّا منهج هذا البحث فهو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يسعى إلى وصف الظواهر كما هي وتحليل أبعادها المنهجية في جانب البحث النظري، وأما الجانب التطبيقي فيستخدم المنهج التفكيكي في نص (لا شيء يعجبني)، ووصل البحث إلى نتائج أهمها أنَّ المصطلح الذي ينتمي لمرحلة (ما بعد البنيوية) التي ترفض البنيوية وتؤكد عدم وجود مركز للنصوص، وتستخدم أدواتها المنهجية لتشريح النص الأدبي، ولا تحاول التفكيكية إعادة بناء النصوص الأدبية أو تركيبها بعد تشريحها بل تؤسس للفوضى في النصوص الأدبية، وأكثر مُنظري التفكيكية تأثيراً (جاك ديريدا) الذي يربط التفكيكية بالفوضى أو التعددية.
      Deconstruction is characterized by its significant influence in various fields, notably philosophy, politics, and literary criticism. This influence is due to the analytical tools it employs to deconstruct and dissect literary texts, highlighting elements of difference to expose and dismantle the text without reconstruction. The research aimed to clarify the origins of deconstruction and its major developmental stages by studying its formation methods and philosophy according to its methodological and non-methodological conceptual dimensions. It presents a model for deconstructing Mahmoud Darwish's text "Nothing Pleases Me."
The methodology of this research is descriptive and analytical, striving to describe phenomena as they are and analyze their methodological dimensions in the theoretical aspect of the research. The practical aspect, however, uses the deconstructive approach on the text "Nothing Pleases Me". The research concluded with several results, most notably that the term belongs to the post-structuralist phase, which rejects structuralism and emphasizes the absence of a central meaning in texts. Deconstruction uses its methodological tools to dissect literary texts and does not attempt to reconstruct them but rather establishes chaos within literary texts. One of the most influential theorists of deconstruction is Jacques Derrida, who associates deconstruction with chaos or plurality.
تطور المصطلحات وعلاقته بفهم النصوص الشرعیة: مصطلح الدولة نموذجاً
Authors: حميدي محمد طاهر , منيب عين الدين
Published: October 2024

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع تطور المصطلحات وعلاقتها بفهم النصوص الشرعية، مع التركيز على مصطلح "الدولة" كنموذج. يهدف البحث إلى تحليل كيفية تغيير معاني المصطلحات عبر الزمن وتأثير ذلك على تفسير النصوص الدينية. تأتي أهمية البحث من الحاجة إلى فهم دقيق للنصوص الشرعية في سياقها التاريخي والثقافي لتجنب التفسيرات الخاطئة التي قد تنتج عن تطور المصطلحات. ويعتمد منهج البحث على تحليل تاريخي ولغوي لمصطلح 'الدولة' ودراسته في السياقات الشرعية المختلفة عبر العصور. من خلال مراجعة تفاسير متعددة ومقارنتها بالتطورات اللغوية والاجتماعية، ثم تحديد الفروق في الفهم والتفسير. توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أبرزها أن مصطلح "الدولة" شهد تطورات عديدة في معانيه عبر الزمن، مما أثر بشكل كبير على كيفية تفسير النصوص الشرعية التي تذكر هذا المصطلح. يؤكد البحث على ضرورة مراعاة التطور اللغوي عند تفسير النصوص الشرعية لضمان الدقة في الفهم وتجنب إساءة التفسير. في الختام، يدعو البحث إلى إجراء دراسات مستمرة لتحديث الفهم الشرعي بما يتوافق مع التطورات اللغوية والثقافية.
الکلمات المفتاحية: تطور اللغة – المصطلحات – فهم النصوص الشرعية – مصطلح الدولة – مدلول لفظ الدولة في القديم – المصطلحات القديمة لمفهوم الدولة.
Abstract:
This article addresses the topic of the evolution of terminology and its relationship with understanding religious texts, focusing on the term 'state' as a model. The research aims to analyze how the meanings of terms change over time and the impact of this on the interpretation of religious texts. The importance of the research stems from the need for an accurate understanding of religious texts in their historical and cultural context to avoid misinterpretations that may arise from the evolution of terminology. The research methodology relies on a historical and linguistic analysis of the term 'state' and its study in various religious contexts across different eras. By reviewing multiple interpretations and comparing them with linguistic and social developments, differences in understanding and interpretation were identified. The results concluded that the term 'state' has undergone numerous developments in its meanings over time, significantly influencing how religious texts mentioning this term are interpreted. The research emphasizes the necessity of considering linguistic evolution when interpreting religious texts to ensure accuracy in understanding and to avoid misinterpretation. In conclusion, the research calls for ongoing studies to update religious understanding in accordance with linguistic and cultural developments.
Keywords: language evolution - terminology - understanding religious texts - term 'state' - old meanings of 'state' - ancient terminology for concept of state.
الخوف من العادات والتقاليد في السرد الروائي النسوي العراقي من 2003 -2020
Authors: الجبوري محمد رمضان محمد , جعفر سوسن
Published: October 2024

تعد العادات والتقاليد قيمة معنوية لكل المجتمعات، تختلف من مجتمع إلى آخر، فالذي يكون مقبولاً في مجتمع ما ربما يكون غير مرغوب به في المجتمع الآخر، وهي قوانين حضارية ودينية تسربت وحفظت من قبل المجتمع الذي اعتقد بها وآمن بصحتها، فالخوف من تلك العادات والتقاليد تجلى في السرد الروائي النسوي العراقي، فقد عبرت عنه الكاتبة بطريقة فنية جسدت فيها تلك الثيمة عبر إثرائها النصوص الروائية بطاقة إبداعية تهدف إلى ترك أثر فني في المتلقي، لأن المرحلة التي مر بها العراق بعد 2003 كانت مرحلة حرجة في تاريخه السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي والديني، وقد تناولنا في دراستنا مقدمة ثم مفهوم العادات والتقاليد ثم الخوف من العادات والتقاليد الدينية ثم الخوف من العادات والتقاليد الاجتماعية.
Customs and traditions hold significant value in all societies, varying from one to another. What is acceptable in one community may be undesirable in another. These practices serve as cultural and religious norms, passed down and preserved by those who believe in their validity. Fear of these customs and traditions is evident in Iraqi feminist narrative fiction, where female writers have artistically expressed this theme, enriching their novels with creative energy to leave a lasting impression on readers. The period following 2003 marked a critical juncture in Iraq's history, characterized by political, economic, social, and religious turmoil. Based on the above, the study starts with a general introduction, enlightening the major key concepts tackled along the study, including the concepts of 'Traditions and Customs', then 'Fear of these traditions and customs'. Furthermore, the study divides such concepts into; social and religious.
نظرية أبي هلال العسكري في الفروق اللغوية: دراسة تطبيقية على كتاب الالفاظ المترادفة المتقاربة المعنى للرماني
Authors: الثبيتي مراد , عطية محمد
Published: October 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على نظرية أبي هلال العسكري في الفروق اللغوية، وذلك كدراسة تطبيقية على كتاب الألفاظ المترادفة المتقاربة المعنى للرماني، وذلك من خلال استعراض اختلاف ما يستعمل عليه اللفظان اللذان يراد الفرق بين معنييهما، والتفريق بين اللفظين باعتبار الحروف التي يعدى بها الأفعال، وكذلك التفريق بين اللفظين باعتبار ما يؤول إليه المعنيان، واخيراً التفريق بين اللفظين باعتبار ما توجبه صيغة اللفظ من الفرق بينه وبين ما يقاربه من الألفاظ الأخرى.
توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أبرزها: استخدم أبو هلال طريقة (الاستعمال اللغوي) للتفريق بين اللفظين؛ وأشار إلى أن أحد أساليب التفريق بين لفظين هو اعتبار الحروف التي تتعدى بها الأفعال؛ وذكر أن أحد المعايير للتفريق بين اللفظين هو النظر إلى ما يؤول إليه معنى كل منهما؛ واعتبر أـنَّ اختلاف الصيغة الصرفية لكل لفظ يؤدي إلى اختلاف في المعنى، وهذه أيضاً إحدى الطرق التي استعملها أبو هلال في التفريق بين الألفاظ.
الكلمات المفتاحية: نظرية أبي هلال العسكري، الفروق اللغوية، كتاب الألفاظ المترادفة المتقاربة المعنى، التفريق بين اللفظين، الاستعمال اللغوي، الحروف التي تتعدى بها الأفعال، اختلاف الصيغة الصرفية، اختلاف في المعنى، التفريق بين الألفاظ.
 
The study aimed to identify Abu Hilal Al-Askari's theory on linguistic differences as an applied study on Al-Rumani's book Synonymous Words with Similar Meanings. This was done by examining the different uses of two words intended to differentiate between their meanings, distinguishing between the words based on the letters that govern the verbs, differentiating between the words based on the resulting meanings, and finally, distinguishing between the words based on the form of the word and how it differentiates from other similar words.
The study reached to a set of recommendations, most notably: Abu Hilal used the method of "linguistic usage" to differentiate between two words; he pointed out that one of the ways to differentiate between two words is to consider the letters that govern the verbs; he mentioned that one of the criteria for differentiating between two words is to look at the resulting meaning of each; and he considered that the difference in morphological form of each word leads to a difference in meaning, which is also one of the methods used by Abu Hilal to distinguish between words.
Keywords: Abu Hilal Al-Askari's Theory, Linguistic Differences, Book of Synonymous Words with Similar Meanings, Differentiation between Two Words, Linguistic Usage, Letters Governing Verbs, Difference in Morphological Form, Difference in Meaning, Distinguishing between Words.
الصورة الشعرية في الدراسات العربية والغربية
Authors: اكتراب المصطفى
Published: October 2024

جوهرُ الشّعر تصويرُ المعاني، لأجل الإقناع والإمتاع، والشاعرُ فنّان يرسم لوحات مدهشةً بقوله وخياله، فيعيد تشكيلَ ما ندركه بالعقول وما نحسّه في النّفوس. ولذلك حَظيَتْ الصّورة الشّعرية بعناية النّقاد العرب القدامى والمحدثين، كما اهتمّ بها النّقاد الغربيون منذ الحقبة اليونانية حتّى العهد الحديث، ولذلك عُدَّتْ من مقوّمات نَظْمه، فالشّاعر المشهودُ له بالأفضلية هو الذي يستطيع أنْ يُبدع شعراً زاخراً بالصُّور الشّعرية، معبّراً عن أشرف المعاني بأحسن الألفاظ، دون أن يكون مقلّداً صور غيره من الشُّعراء، فَيُتقنُ صناعتَها بكيفية تثير إعجاب المتلقين، وتُؤَثّرُ فيهم.
   ومِنْ أبرز ما توصَّل إليه هذا البحثُ أنَّ الصُّورة الشِّعرية تختلفُ حسَب العصور الأدبيّة منْ جهة إبداعِها، ومنْ جهة نَقْدِها، وأنَّهُ ليس من السّهل تحديدُ مفهومِها، كما أوصينا في خاتمته بضرورة تعليم الطُّلاب طُرُق إبداع الصُّوَرِ في النَّثْر والشِّعر معاً، وتحفيزِهِم على قراءة أجْودِها، وحفظِ نماذجِها العالية، ليَنْشَأَ جيلٌ يُحْسِنُ التصويرَ حينَ يُعَبِّرُ، فَيُقْنِعُ ويُمْتِعُ.
The essence of poetry is to depict meanings, for the sake of persuasion and enjoyment. The poet is an artist who paints amazing pictures with his words and imagination, reshaping what we perceive with our minds and sense in our souls. Thus, the poetic image has received the attention of ancient and modern Arab critics, as it has been given attention by Western critics since the Greek era until the modern era. Therefore, it has been considered one of the components of the poet’s versification. The poet who is known for his excellence is the one who can create poetry full of poetic images, expressing the most noble meanings with the best words, without being an imitator of the images of other poets. He masters its creation in a way that impresses and influences the recipients.
   One of the most prominent findings of this research is that the  poetic image varies in terms of creativity and criticism according to literary periods, and that it is not easy to determine its concept. We also recommended, in this reseach conclusion, the need to teach students ways to create  poetic images in both prose and poetry, and motivate them to read the finest ones, and memorize samples of high quality, so that a generation grows with great depicting skills, and able to persuade and entertains.
آثار مذبحة الكبكب على الحياة العلمية والثقافية بسلطنة وداي العباسية
Authors: أحمد إبراهيم
Published: October 2024

تهدف الدراسة إلى توضيح تداعيات مذبحة الكبكب التي حدثت في سلطنة وداي بعد المذابح التي ارتكبت في حق التشاديين، بهدف سلب الهوية الثقافية والقضاء على الموروث التشادي، إضافة إلى أنه يوضح بيان أثر هذه المذبحة على واقع الحياة باعتباره عائقًا كبيرًا في نشر اللغة العربية بالمنطقة.
تكمن أهمية الدراسة في توضيح الأسباب التي أدت إلى تلك المذبحة، إضافة إلى أثرها كعائق من حيث النهوض باللغة العربية وآدابها وذلك من خلال دور العلماء والدعاة والتجار في إفريقيا جنوب الصحراء.
اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي والتاريخي والمنهج التحليلي الذي يقوم على جمع المادة وتحليلها من مصادرها ومراجعتها وترتيبها وصولا إلى استنتاجات علمية واضحة تفيد جوانب البحث العلمي الأصيل، واحتوى البحث على ثلاثة مباحث وخلاصة فيها نتائج أبرزها:

أحدثت مذبحة الكبكب نوعًا من الجرح النفسي العميق الممزوج بالهلع للمجتمع التشادي مما أدى إلى هجرة العلماء من البلاد والانغلاق الديني.
ساهم علماء تشاد بدور فعال في الحفاظ على الإسلام واللغة العربية، فقاموا بإنشاء الخلاوي والحلقات التعليمية والمدارس الأهلية وغيره.
The study aims to clarify the repercussions of the Koubkoub massacre that occurred in the Sultanate of Wadai after the massacres committed against the Chadians, with the aim of stealing the cultural identity and eliminating the Chadian heritage, in addition to clarifying the impact of this massacre on the reality of life as a major obstacle to spreading the Arabic language in the region.
The importance of the study lies in clarifying the reasons that led to this massacre, in addition to the impact of this massacre as an obstacle in terms of the advancement of the Arabic language and its literature, through the role of scholars, preachers and merchants in sub-Saharan Africa.
The study followed the descriptive and historical approach and the analytical approach based on collecting and analyzing the material from its sources, reviewing and arranging it, and the research contained three topics and a summary in which the most prominent results are:

The Koubkoub massacre caused a kind of deep psychological wound mixed with panic for Chadian society, which led to the emigration of scholars from the country and religious isolation.
Chadian scholars played an effective role in preserving Islam and the Arabic language.
الوقف والابتداء في القرآن الكريم: دراسة تطبيقية تحليلية على نماذج مختارة
Authors: السهلي فهد بن رجاء
Published: October 2024

جاء هذا البحث لبيان أهمية علم الوقف والابتداء بما يسر الله عز وجل الوقوف عليه من النصوص الشرعية والأحاديث النبوية والآثار عن سلف هذه الأمة، مما أبان عظم قدر هذا العلم والحاجة الماسة التي تسوقنا للوقوف عليه ومعرفته والاعتناء به، وما زال العلماء ينهلون من هذا المعين الذي لا ينضب، فقلّ أن يخلو تفسير من مُناقشة هذه الأحكام والقراءات، وأهمية الموضوع نابعة من متعلقه، فهو يتعلق بأصل أصول الملة الإسلامية، وأساس قيام وانبعاث العلوم الشرعية؛ أعني: القرآن الكريم، فإن كان شرف كل علم بشرف موضوعه، فهذا البحث موضوعه كتاب الله تعالى، فالوقف والابتداء يكتسب أهميته ومكانته من تعلقه بكلام الله عز وجل، إذ موضوع علم الوقف والابتداء هو القرآن الكريم من حيث الأداء السليم لتلاوته؛ وتعلم الوقف والابتداء مما تواتر عن السلف، من عهد النبي (صلى الله عليه وسلـم) إلى يومنا هذا، وقد سار الباحث في تحرير هذا البحث مرتكزا على مجموعة من العناصر التي رأى مناسبتها لموضوع البحث، معتمدًا على المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، وقد توصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها أن علم الوقف والابتداء واضحة في أنه جاءت في الأصل للتيسير على المسلمين، كما جعل العلماء القراءة المتواترة أصلا شرعيا لعلم الوقف والابتداء، يُرجع إليها ويُستند إليها، ويُحكم بها.
The study came to demonstrate the importance of the science of Waqf and Ibtida with what Allah Almighty has facilitated us to stand on from the legal texts, prophetic hadiths, and the traces of the predecessors of this nation, which demonstrated the great value of this science and the urgent need that drives us to stand on it, know it, and care for it. Scholars continue to draw from this inexhaustible source, so it is rare for an interpretation to be devoid of discussing these rulings and readings. The importance of the topic stems from its connection, as it relates to the origins of the Islamic religion, and the basis for the establishment and revival of the legal sciences; I mean: the Holy Qur’an. If the honor of each science is in the honor of its subject, then the subject of this study is the Book of Allah Almighty, so Waqf and Ibtida gain their importance and status from their connection to the words of Allah Almighty, as the subject of the science of Waqf and Ibtida is the Holy Qur’an in terms of the correct performance of its recitation. Learning how to stop and start is something that has been transmitted from the predecessors, from the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) to this day. The researcher proceeded in editing this study based on a set of elements that he considered appropriate for the study subject, relying on the inductive and analytical method. The researcher reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the science of stopping and starting is clear in that it originally came to make things easier for Muslims. The scholars also made frequent recitation a legitimate basis for the science of stopping and starting, to be referred to, relied upon, and judged by.
الخصائص الحضارية لقبائل الكانوري في حوض بحيرة تشاد
Authors: عبد الله الحاج محمد , محمد زهرة , عبد الرحيم محمد
Published: October 2024

شعب الكانوري في أرض حوض بحيرة تشاد من القبائل المشهود لها بالنشاط في كل المجالات، وخاصة في نشر الحضارة الإسلامية، ففيهم العلماء المتميزون الذي عرف التاريخ قدرهم، وأرخ لهم، وانتشرت مدارسهم في طول البلاد وعرضها، وأقبل بعضهم  إلى التأليف في شتى المجالات، وتجدهم في المجال الاجتماعي، هم أشد القبائل امتزاجاً مع كل العناصر الموجودة في منطقة تشاد، وليس لهم قيود لمنعهم من الانصهار مع القبائل الأخرى، كما يوجد عند بعض من القبائل مما جعل لهم ذلك تأثيرًا واضحًا في العادات والتقاليد المتولدة من طبائع البشر، وكذلك الكانوري في المجال الاقتصادي هم التجار الأوائل لتلك البقعة لهم دور بارع في الجانب التجاري، هم الزعماء في الصادرات، وكذلك في الجانب الصناعي تجد لهم الأسبقية في دبغ الجلود، وفي التطريز، وفي عصر الزيوت، ولهم تأثير وتأثر في المجتمع التشادي.
The Kanuri people in the Lake Chad Basin are tribes known for their activity in all fields, especially in spreading Islamic civilization. They include distinguished scholars whose value history has recognized and recorded, and their schools have spread throughout the length and breadth of the country. Some of them have embraced fields, to write, in various fields. You find them in the social field. They are the tribes most closely mixed with all the elements present in the Chad region, and they have no restrictions to prevent them from merging with other tribes, as is found among some of the tribes.
Which made them have a clear influence on the customs and traditions generated by human nature, and also the Kanuri in the economic field are the first traders of that area, they have a prominent role in the commercial aspect, they are the leaders in exports, and also in the industrial aspect you find them the priority in tanning leather, embroidery, and pressing oils, and they have an influence and impact in Chadian society.
KİŞİ HÜRRİYETİ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN ADLİ KONTROL BAĞLAMINDA KONUTU TERK ETMEME TEDBİRİ
Authors: Turan Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

Anayasanın 19. ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin 5. maddesinde kişi hürriyeti ve güvenliği hakkı düzenlenmiştir. Bir tedbirin, kararın veya uygulamanın bu hak kapsamında görülebilmesi için öncelikle bunların özgürlükten yoksun bırakmayı oluşturması gerekmektedir. 5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nda bir adli kontrol tedbiri olarak düzenlenmiş olan konutu terk etmeme tedbiri, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından özgürlükten yoksun bırakma olarak görülmüştür. Konutu terk etmeme tedbiri klasik özgürlükten yoksun bırakma nedeni olarak görülen tutuklamaya nazaran daha hafif bir tedbir olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte yine de tutuklama gibi değerlendirilmektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak tedbire karar verilebilmek için tutuklamanın koşullarının varlığı aranacaktır. Ayrıca hakkında konutu terk etmeme tedbirine karar verilen kişilerin tutuklanan kişilerin haklarından yararlandırılması gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla Anayasanın 19. maddesinde özgürlükten yoksun bırakılana sağlanan haklardan konutu terk etmeme tedbirine karar verilen kişiler de yararlandırılmalıdır.
TÜRK CEZA HUKUKUNDA TEKERRÜRÜN SONUÇLARI
Authors: Cin Mehmet Onursal
Published: October 2024

Tekerrür 5237 Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun “Genel Hükümler” başlıklı ilk kitabının “Yaptırımlar” başlıklı üçüncü kısmının “Suçta tekerrür ve özel tehlikeli suçlular” başlıklı 58. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. İlgili maddeye göre tekerrür, önceden işlenmiş olan bir suçtan dolayı verilen hükmün kesinleşmesinden sonra failin yeni bir suç işlemesi halini ifade etmektedir. Failin tekerrüre düşmüş olması onun hukuki statüsü açısından önemli sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu sonuçlardan bir kısmı Türk Ceza Kanununda hüküm altına alınırken, bir kısmı ise Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirlerinin İnfazı Hakkında Kanunda düzenlenmiştir. Tekerrür ilk olarak hükmün kurulması aşamasında göz önünde bulundurulmakta ve seçimlik yaptırımlı suçlarda adli para cezası yerine hapis cezası verilmesi yoluna gidilmektedir. Bu, Türk Ceza Kanunu m. 58/3 gereğince kanuni bir zorunluluktur. Tekerrür ikinci olarak hükmün, mükerrirlere özgü infaz rejimine özgü olarak infaz edilmesi ve üçüncü olarak infaz tamamlandıktan sonra denetimli serbestlik tedbirinin uygulanması sonucunu doğurmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle tekerrürün tarihi gelişim süreci ve şartları ele alınmış daha sonra tekerrürün sonuçları, hükmün kurulması, hükmün infazı ve hükmün infazından sonraki aşamalarda ayrı ayrı ele alınmıştır.
KİŞİ ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ VE GÜVENLİĞİ HAKKI BAĞLAMINDA HASSAS DURUMDAKİ YABANCILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ
Authors: Yılmaz Eren Esra
Published: October 2024

Çocuklar, hamile ve bebek emziren kadınlar, yalnız ebeveynler, zihinsel ya da fiziksel hastalığı olanlar, engelliler, yaşlılar, insan ticareti mağdurları, işkence, tecavüz veya diğer psikolojik, fiziksel veya cinsel şiddet biçimlerine maruz kalan kişiler literatürde hassas durumda olan kişiler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu kişiler sığınma aramak için başvurdukları devlette özgürlükleri kısıtlanarak idari gözetim tedbirine konu olduklarında kişisel kırılganlıkları nedeniyle kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı yanında başka hak ihlallerine de maruz kalmaktadırlar.
Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi son yıllarda hassas durumda bulunan kişilere ilişkin detaylı bir içtihat oluşturmuştur. Mahkeme, hassasiyeti ihlal eşiğini düşüren bir unsur olarak değerlendirmekte ve hakları ihlal edilen kişilerin hassas durumda olması halinde devletlerin özen ve koruma yükümlülüklerini daha geniş yorumlamaktadır. Kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı kapsamında hassas kişilerin idari gözetimi gereklilik ve orantılılık ilkeleri bağlamında katı bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmaktadır.
Bu çalışma kapsamında AİHM içtihadında kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliği hakkı ve idari gözetim konusunda genel bilgiler verildikten sonra hassas durumda olma/kırılganlık kavramı incelenecektir. AİHM’in hassas durumda olanların idari gözetiminde oluşturduğu ilkeler belirlenerek, bu kişilere karşı devletlerin arttırılmış pozitif yükümlülükleri değerlendirilecektir. Son bölümde Türkiye uygulaması bağlamında karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılarak hassas durumda bulunan kişiler bakımından hukuka uygun idari gözetim uygulaması için öneriler ileri sürülecektir.
VAKIFLAR KANUNUNUN MAHLÛLİYETE İLİŞKİN 17. MADDESİNİN MÎRÎ ARAZİNİN AŞAR VE RÜSUMUNUN VAKFEDİLDİĞİ GAYRİSAHİH VAKIFLARDA UYGULANMASI SORUNU
Authors: Kalıpçı Mahmud Esad
Published: October 2024

5737 sayılı Vakıflar Kanununun 17. maddesinde icareteynli ve mukataalı vakıf taşınmazların mahlûl olmaları durumunda vakıflarına dönecekleri açıkça öngörülmüş iken, bazı yargı kararlarında vakfın türü ve niteliği hususu göz önünde bulundurulmadan, her türlü vakıf taşınmazın vakfa döneceği yönünde hüküm kurulmaktadır. Oysa taşınmazın vakıf ile ayna müteallik bir ilişkisinin bulunmadığı, ayn mülkiyetinin vakıfta değil de devlette olduğu mîrî arazinin aşar ve rüsumunun vakfedildiği gayrisahih vakıflarda, mutasarrıf veya maliklerinin mirasçı bırakmadan ölmeleri ya da gaiplikleri gibi durumlarda, taşınmazın vakfa dönmesi değil, Hazineye intikali söz konusu olmalıdır. İşte bu makalede, eski vakıflara ilişkin mahlûliyet meseleleri açısından vakfın türü ve niteliğinin önemi hususu merkeze alınarak mîrî arazinin aşar ve rüsumunun vakfedildiği gayrisahih vakıflar açısından 5737 sayılı Vakıflar Kanununun 17. maddesinin uygulanmasına ilişkin bazı sorunlar, tarihsel arka plan da gözetilerek ele alınacaktır. Uygulamadaki sorunun temel sebepleri ortaya konularak olması gerekene dair bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Böylelikle eski vakıf hukukuna ilişkin uygulamanın iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlanması umulmaktadır.
UPAYA GURU DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAS BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Buulolo Tinusman
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by students being less motivated in following the learning process, students lack mastery of learning material and student learning outcomes are still low. The purpose of this study is to describe the efforts of teachers in overcoming student learning difficulties in class VII-B SMP BNKP Telukdalam. The results of the research found were teachers' efforts in overcoming learning difficulties, namely providing remedial teaching (remidial), providing repetition activities for material (enrichment), forming group work for students, giving homework, explaining lessons back to students who do not understand, providing opportunities for students to ask questions, providing learning motivation, developing good attitudes and study habits towards students. Suggestions in this study are (1) To teachers, teachers to always try, look for factors, and make strategies in overcoming student learning difficulties that have been carried out by teachers so far. Teachers should improve in providing motivation or encouragement to students to be more active in proper learning. (2) Students should have attention to themselves, for example, if there is a problem that is difficult to solve alone, they should consult the teacher or others who can help solve the problem they face.
PENANAMAN NILAI DEMOKRASI MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN PPKN DI SMP
Authors: Giawa Liusma
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine the instillation of democratic values ​​through PPKn learning at Bintang Harapan Ulususua Private Middle School for the 2022/2023 academic year. Factors driving and inhibiting the implementation of democratic values ​​in classroom PPKn learning and efforts made to overcome factors inhibiting the implementation of democratic values ​​in PPKn learning at Bintang Harapan Ulususua Private Middle School for the 2022/2023 academic year. This type of research is descriptive type qualitative research. Data collection used interview and observation methods. In analyzing the data, researchers used the Miles & Huberman model of qualitative data analysis and checked the validity of the research data using triangulation techniques. Based on the results of research and discussion, it shows that democratic values ​​in PPKn learning at Bintang Harapan Ulususua Private Middle School have been implemented well so that democratic values ​​can be possessed by every student and can be applied in their daily lives. These democratic values ​​include: tolerance, freedom to express opinions, openness in communication, self-confidence, responsibility and cooperation. The driving and inhibiting factors for the implementation of democratic values ​​in Civics learning at Bintang Harapan Ulususua Private Middle School, the driving factors include: Exemplary teacher teachers, adequate facilities and infrastructure, providing motivation, namely awards in the form of added value to students who are active in activities. learning. Inhibiting factors include: a) Factors within students, b) Environmental influences, c) Lack of attention from parents. 3) Efforts made to overcome factors inhibiting the implementation of democratic values ​​in PPKn learning at Bintang Harapan Ulususua Private Middle School, include: a) Teachers providing understanding, b) Habituation of behavior, c) Reprimands, d) Awareness from parents, e) Communication effective.
Chi-circ_0009659 modulates goat intramuscular adipocyte differentiation through miR-3431-5p/STEAP4 axis
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Hao , Wang Yong , Li Yanyan , Wang Youli , Xiong Yan , Liu Wei , Lin Yaqiu
Published: October 2024

Objective: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely involved in the regulation of lipid deposition in animals, but there are few reports on key circRNAs regulating intramuscular adipocyte differentiation in goats. Therefore, this study took an abundantly expressed in goat adipocytes chi-circ_0009659 as the object.Methods: Based on the identification of back splicing site in chi-circ_0009659, its expression level during the goat intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) . The chi-circ_0009659 loss-of-function and gain-of-function cell models were obtained by adenovirus and smarter silencer, respectively. and the adipocyte differentiation were explored by Oil Red O staining, Bodipy staining and qPCR. Its major cytoplasmic localization was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), nucleocytoplasmic separation and qPCR. The interaction between chi-circ_0009659, miR-3431-5p, and STEAP family member 4 (STEAP4) was verified by bioinformatics, RNA pull down and dual luciferase reporter assay.Results: Silencing chi-circ_0009659 inhibited lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of differentiation-determining genes in goat intramuscular adipocytes, while overexpression of chi-circ_0009659 reversed these results. chi-circ_0009659 was predominantly localized to the cytoplasm and could regulate miR-3431 expression which in turn affects STEAP4. Consistent with expectations, miR-3431-5p acted as a negative regulator of GIMPA differentiation, while STEAP4 promoted differentiation.Conclusion: We demonstrated chi-circ_0009659 positively regulates goat intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation by sponging miR-3431-5p to further regulate the expression of STEAP4. This research provides a new reference for in-depth understanding of the effects of circRNA on adipocyte differentiation.
The Impact of Tax Policy on Investment Decisions: A Case Study in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Ridwan Rumasukun Mohammad , Yamin Noch Muhammad
Published: October 2024

This research delves into the intricate relationship between tax policy and investment decisions within the manufacturing industry. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study aims to elucidate the impact of tax incentives on investment behavior, particularly focusing on their effectiveness in stimulating innovation and competitiveness among manufacturing firms. Employing qualitative research methodology, the selection of literature involves identifying and analyzing scholarly articles, books, and reports that provide insights into the research topic. Data collection entails systematic gathering of information from selected sources, while data analysis involves identifying themes, patterns, and relationships within the literature. The findings underscore the pivotal role of tax incentives, such as investment tax credits, accelerated depreciation, and research and development (R&D) deductions, in shaping investment decisions within the manufacturing sector. Moreover, the differential effects of tax policy reforms on firms of different sizes, the influence of global dynamics including international tax competition and trade liberalization, and the implications for future research are discussed. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which tax policy influences investment decisions, offering insights for policymakers and businesses to navigate the complexities of the global economy more effectively.
Unraveling transfer pricing in construction sectors: Tax optimization, compliance, and environmental risk
Authors: Rahmat Radhi Abdul Halim , Ramdhany Muhamad Arief , Hendayana Yana , Novatiani Ait
Published: October 2024

This study highlights the consequence of tax optimization, regulatory compliance, and environmental risk index on the likelihood of transfer pricing in Indonesia's property, real estate, and building construction sectors. This study adopts a quantitative research approach, analyzing data from 19 companies in the property, real estate, and building construction sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2018 and 2021 (76 observations). This study contributes novelty by employing binary logistic regression to investigate the interaction of tax optimization, regulatory compliance, and environmental risk index on transfer pricing in Indonesia's property, real estate, and building construction sectors, providing valuable insights into the determinants of transfer pricing practices in these industries. The research employs multiple linear and binary logistic regression to examine the influence of tax optimization, regulatory compliance, and environmental risk index on transfer pricing likelihood. - Tax optimization and regulatory compliance significantly impact the likelihood of Transfer Pricing in the property, real estate, and building construction sectors in Indonesia. However, the interaction between tax optimization and the environmental risk index does not significantly influence transfer pricing likelihood. In contrast, the interaction between regulatory compliance and the environmental risk index does have a significant positive effect. The implications are that tax optimization may subtly influence transfer pricing in the studied sectors. Maintaining regulatory compliance appears to act as a deterrent, and a favorable environmental risk index may encourage transfer pricing practices in Indonesia's property, real estate, and building construction industries.
Der Zugang zu Gerichtsentscheidungen: Wo liegen die Grenzen der Gemeinfreiheit?
Authors: Rabeneck Nadja , Fammler Michael A.
Published: October 2024

Der Zugang zu Gerichtsentscheidungen ist eine elementare Säule eines Rechtsstaats. Der Beitrag untersucht die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für den Zugang zu Gerichtsentscheidungen aus urheberrechtlicher Perspektive. Gerichtsentscheidungen sind grundsätzlich als amtliche Werke nach § 5 Abs. 1 UrhG gemeinfrei und genießen keinen urheberrechtlichen Schutz. Private Übersetzungen oder ähnliches sind nicht von der Gemeinfreiheit umfasst. Der Beitrag geht knapp auf die Gerichtsentscheidungen ein, die vor der Geltung des heutigen Urhebergesetzes veröffentlicht wurden. Im Ergebnis steht das Urheberrecht dem Zugang zu veröffentlichungswürdigen Gerichtsentscheidungen nicht entgegen. Im Ausblick diskutieren die Autoren weitere rechtliche Hindernisse, wie das Recht auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung, die einem Zugang zu Gerichtsentscheidungen entgegenstehen könnten.
Menschliche Neigungen und deren Regulierung: Der koranische Begriff »hawā« in der Exegese-Literatur
Authors: Kellner Martin
Published: October 2024

Im Koran werden unterschiedliche psychische Entitäten wie nafs, rūḥ, qalb und ʿaql benannt, welche konstituierend für in der Literatur vielfach rezipierte religiöse Konzeptionen der menschlichen Seele und für die Grundlegung eines religiös konnotierten Menschenbilds sind. Der Begriff hawā (Neigung, Gelüste, Laune) wird im Koran mehrmals verwendet und steht in Tafsīr-Werken im Zusammenhang eines Spannungsverhältnisses zwischen konkurrierenden menschlichen Impulsen und deren religiös motivierter Regulierung. In diesem Beitrag wird der Begriff hawā am Beispiel ausgewählter Werke des Tafsīr und der islamischen Mystik (Taṣawwuf) dargestellt und in Beziehung zu den Vorstellungen über die Beschaffenheit unterschiedlicher psychischer Kräfte im Menschen gesetzt.
Seguridad Nacional y Construcción del Estado-Nación: El Rol del Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales en la Historia Contemporánea del Perú
Authors:   Ejército del Perú, Eduardo Villagra Manolo
Published: October 2024

This article aims to analyze and highlight the contributions of the Centro de Altos Estudios Nacionales (CAEN) in the construction of the nation state and the consolidation of national security in Peru. It addresses the growth of the institution from its founding as the Centro de Altos Estudios Militares (CAEM) to its transformation into CAEN, and explores its roles and achievements in the context of the Peruvian reality. To do so, a methodology based on a documentary review of historical and academic sources has been used, analyzing how philosophical and political theories have influenced its development; in addition, a multidisciplinary perspective has been incorporated to understand the relationship between development and security in the Peruvian context. It is concluded that this institution has played a central role in the training of military and civilian leaders capable of facing the challenges of national security from a comprehensive perspective. Its contributions have been significant in terms of socioeconomic development and in the creation of public policies oriented towards equity and social inclusion, since the strategic approach and reforms promoted by the CAEN have contributed to a vision of Peru as an integral entity, which considers its diverse populations, cultures and problems.
Analisis Kesalahan Penulisan Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Layanan Publik: Studi Kasus Panduan Penggunaan Aplikasi Mobile JKN
Authors: Fitria Nur Anggraeni Novi , Agustina Risma , Rizki Masruroh Deasy , Nisa Ramadhani Khoirun , Anugrah Teguh , Puspa Arum Dewi
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini membahas analisis kesalahan penulisan Bahasa Indonesia dalam panduan penggunaan aplikasi Mobile JKN, dengan fokus pada kesalahan ejaan, tanda baca, huruf kapital, interferensi, dan pengetikan. Menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas interaksi pengguna dengan aplikasi Mobile JKN melalui identifikasi kesalahan penulisan dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan. Data diperoleh melalui teknik dokumentasi serta simak dan catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi yang tepat diperlukan pada panduan penggunaan aplikasi Mobile JKN guna memastikan pesan tersampaikan dengan jelas dan akurat. Perbaikan kesalahan penulisan Bahasa Indonesia di panduan tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dan kualitas layanan publik secara keseluruhan. Dengan hal ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memperbaiki panduan penggunaan aplikasi Mobile JKN agar lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menyampaikan informasi kepada pengguna, serta meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna dalam menggunakan layanan publik secara online.
Social Reforms and Political Activism Unpacking the Dual Role of Khudai Khidmatgar Movement
Authors: Nawaz Dr. Shah
Published: October 2024

This article examines the Khudai Khidmatgar Movement, led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan popularly known as Fakhr-i-Afghan Bacha khan, which played a pivotal role in social reform and political activism in colonial India. Founded in 1929, the movement adopted non-violent resistance to British rule while also addressing deep-rooted social issues within Pashtun society, such as factionalism, illiteracy, poverty, social and gender discrimination and blood feuds. Implying indegounious values, knowledge and tools, Ghaffar Khan promoted education, unity, and peaceful coexistence among his people, challenging the British narrative of Pashtuns as inherently violent. The article explores how the movement, initially focused on socio-educational reforms, evolved into a powerful force advocating for Indian independence, aligning with other non-violent movements like those led by Gandhi. Despite significant obstacles from the British and local elites, the Khudai Khidmatgar gained mass support, with over 100,000 members at its peak. The article highlights the movement’s transformative impact on Pashtun society and its contributions to the broader anti-colonial struggle, positioning it as a significant yet underappreciated chapter in South Asian history. This articles has relied on both primamry and secondary data for qualitative analysis, with most reliance on primary sorces of data collection. For this purpose, extensive interviews were conducted.
Narcissism Fear of Missing out and Phubbing The Moderating Role of Mindfulness
Authors: Anjum Shazia
Published: October 2024

The study sought to investigate the relationship between narcissism, fear of missing out (FOMO), and phubbing behavior pertaining to the young adults, in which special focus was paid to moderating role of mindfulness. The study sample consisted of 300 young adults aged 18-25, comprising 145 males and 155 females. The variables were studied using the FOMO scale, standard narcissistic personality inventory (grandiose narcissism & vulnerable narcissism), mindful attention awareness scale, and Social Phobia Generalized Scale including inter personal conflict, nomophobia, problem recognition and self-isolation. Results demonstrated FOMO as a reputable ‘dangerous’ narcissistic trait associated with phubbing since the two were positively linked to indulging in FOMO. Other social anxiety triggering phubbing was advancing a proposal that FOMO was positively associated with the exhibition of phubbing behaviors. These findings imply the need of incorporating FOMO to the existing interventions that aim at curbing phubbing behavior amongst the young adults. Positioned in this way, the study emphasizes that the development of the curative strategy should contain the assumption of the role of mindfulness in moderating the effect of FOMO on social behaviors.