bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City, Kenya
Authors: Wafula Walter Magero , Wasonga Oliver Vivian , Koech Oscar Kipchirchir , Kibet Staline
Published: January 2022

Pastoralism is globally recognized as the backbone of the economy in the vast arid and semi-arid rangelands. Despite its enormous economic contribution, the system is facing a myriad of challenges, among them, land use and land tenure changes, resulting in diminished grazing land. Accompanying such changes is the conversion of traditional grazing lands into other uses such as settlements, with urbanization being one of the key drivers of pastoral system dynamics. Understanding such dynamics in the face of compounding factors such as frequent droughts linked to climate change is key in guiding policy formulation and interventions aimed at achieving a sustainable pastoral production system. This study investigated factors determining migration and settlement of pastoralists in Nairobi City of Kenya. Data was collected through a snowball sampling approach using semi-structured household questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) in five Sub-counties of Nairobi City County. A total of 144 household interviews, 6 FGDs and 16 KIIs were conducted to elucidate drivers of urban pastoralism, opportunities and challenges encountered by pastoralists in the city. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the determinants of their migration. Results show that search for pasture and water resources, and alternative markets especially during droughts, are the main reasons for pastoralists’ migration to the city. In addition, educated herders were found to be more likely to migrate to the city as they pursue wage employment. Whereas these findings revealed that migration to the city exposes pastoralists to diverse livelihood opportunities, they are equally faced by a number of challenges - mainly road accidents involving livestock, frequent land displacements to pave way for development of real estates, and livestock poisoning from sewage and garbage wastes. There is a need for policy and regulatory interventions to recognize pastoralism alongside other forms of urban farming and addressing challenges facing sustainable pastoral production.
Predicting variations of the least principal stress with depth: Application to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs using a log-based viscoelastic stress relaxation model
Authors: Singh Ankush , Zoback Mark D.
Published: January 2022

Knowledge of layer-to-layer variations of the least principal stress, S hmin, with depth is essential for optimization of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs. Utilizing a geomechanical model based on viscoelastic stress relaxation in relatively clay rich rocks, we present a new method for predicting continuous S hmin variations with depth. The method utilizes geophysical log data and S hmin measurements from routine diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs) at several depths for calibration. We consider a case study in the Wolfcamp formation in the Midland Basin, where both geophysical logs and values of S hmin from DFITs are available. We compute a continuous stress profile as a function of the well logs that fits all of the DFITs well. We utilized several machine learning technologies, such as bootstrap aggregation (or bagging), to improve the generalization of the model and demonstrate that the excellent fit between predicted and observed stress values is not the result of over-fitting the calibration points. The model is then validated by accurately predicting hold-out stress measurements from four wells within the study area and, without recalibration, accurately predicting stress as a function of depth in an offset pad about 6 miles away.
Risk of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Women With and Without a History of Breast Cancer: The Pathways Heart Study
Authors: Kwan Marilyn L. , Cheng Richard K. , Iribarren Carlos , Neugebauer Romain , Rana Jamal S. , Nguyen-Huynh Mai , Shi Zaixing , Laurent Cecile A. , Lee Valerie S. , Roh Janise M. , Shen Hanjie , Rillamas-Sun Eileen , Santiago-Torres Margarita , Hershman Dawn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Greenlee Heather
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

The incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors in breast cancer (BC) survivors has not been well described. Thus, we compared risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in women with and without BC.

METHODS

Women with invasive BC diagnosed from 2005 to 2013 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) were identified and matched 1:5 to noncancer controls on birth year, race, and ethnicity. Cumulative incidence rates of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were estimated with competing risk of overall death. Subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) were estimated by Fine and Gray regression, adjusted for cardiovascular disease–related risk factors, and stratified by treatment and body mass index (BMI).

RESULTS

A total of 14,942 BC cases and 74,702 matched controls were identified with mean age 61.2 years and 65% non-Hispanic White. Compared with controls, BC cases had higher cumulative incidence rates of hypertension (10.9% v 8.9%) and diabetes (2.1% v 1.7%) after 2 years, with higher diabetes incidence persisting after 10 years (9.3% v 8.8%). In multivariable models, cases had higher risk of diabetes (sHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) versus controls. Cases treated with chemotherapy (sHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.38), left-sided radiation (sHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.48), or endocrine therapy (sHR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.34) continued to have higher diabetes risk. Hypertension risk was higher for cases receiving left-sided radiation (sHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.21) or endocrine therapy (sHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.16). Normal-weight (BMI < 24.9 kg/m2) cases had higher risks overall and within treatment subgroups versus controls.

CONCLUSION

BC survivors at KPNC experienced elevated risks of diabetes and hypertension compared with women without BC depending on treatments received and BMI. Future studies should examine strategies for cardiometabolic risk factor prevention in BC survivors.
Circulating T-Cell Repertoires Correlate With the Tumor Response in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Cai Gengxi , Guan Zhanwen , Jin Yabin , Su Zuhui , Chen Xiangping , Liu Qing , Wang Chunlin , Yin Xiaoxia , Zhang Lifang , Ye Guolin , Luo Wei
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been widely used in patients with breast cancer to minish tumor burden and increase resection rate of cancer. T-cell repertoire has been believed to be able to monitor antitumor immune responses. This study aimed to explore the dynamic change of T-cell repertoire and its clinical value in evaluating the tumor response in patients with breast cancer receiving NAC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ninety-four patients who underwent NAC before surgery were recruited, and peripheral blood samples were collected at multiple time points during NAC. High-throughput T-cell receptor (TCR)-β sequencing was used to characterize the T-cell repertoire of every sample and analyzed the changes in circulating T-cell repertoire during NAC.

RESULTS

We found that the diversity of TCR repertoires was associated with age and clinical stage of the patients with breast cancer. The distribution of Vβ and Jβ genes in TCR repertoires was skewed in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Vβ20.1 and Vβ30 expression levels before NAC correlate with tumor response after all cycles of NAC in HER2– and HER2+ patients, respectively. Some CDR3 motifs that correlated with clinical response in either HER2+ or HER2– patients were identified. Besides, TCR repertoire evolved during NAC and the diversity of TCR repertoire decreased more after two cycles of NAC in patients with good tumor response after all cycles of NAC ( P = .0061).

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrated that TCR repertoire correlated with the characteristics of the tumor, such as the expression status of HER2. Moreover, some characteristics of TCR repertoires that correlated with clinical response were identified and they might provide useful information to tailor therapeutic regimens at the early cycle of NAC.
Mutant PPM1D- and TP53-Driven Hematopoiesis Populates the Hematopoietic Compartment in Response to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Singh Abhay , Mencia-Trinchant Nuria , Griffiths Elizabeth A. , Altahan Alaa , Swaminathan Mahesh , Gupta Medhavi , Gravina Matthew , Tajammal Rutaba , Faber Mark G. , Yan LunBiao , Sinha Eti , Hassane Duane C. , Hayes David Neil , Guzman Monica L. , Iyer Renuka , Wang Eunice S. , Thota Swapna
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE

Hematologic toxic effects of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) can be permanent. Patients with underlying clonal hematopoiesis (CH) may be more inclined to develop hematologic toxicity after PRRT. However, this association remains understudied.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We evaluated pre- and post-PRRT blood samples of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. After initial screening, 13 cases of interest were selected. Serial blood samples were obtained on 4 of 13 patients. Genomic DNA was analyzed using a 100-gene panel. A variant allele frequency cutoff of 1% was used to call CH.

RESULT

Sixty-two percent of patients had CH at baseline. Persistent cytopenias were noted in 64% (7 of 11) of the patients. Serial sample analysis demonstrated that PRRT exposure resulted in clonal expansion of mutant DNA damage response genes ( TP53, CHEK2, and PPM1D) and accompanying cytopenias in 75% (3 of 4) of the patients. One patient who had a normal baseline hemogram and developed persistent cytopenias after PRRT exposure showed expansion of mutant PPM1D (variant allele frequency increased to 20% after exposure from < 1% at baseline). In the other two patients, expansion of mutant TP53, CHEK2, and PPM1D clones was also noted along with cytopenia development.

CONCLUSION

The shifts in hematopoietic clonal dynamics in our study were accompanied by emergence and persistence of cytopenias. These cytopenias likely represent premalignant state, as PPM1D-, CHEK2-, and TP53-mutant clones by themselves carry a high risk for transformation to therapy-related myeloid neoplasms. Future studies should consider CH screening and longitudinal monitoring as a key risk mitigation strategy for patients with neuroendocrine tumors receiving PRRT.
Intra-trial Mean 25(OH)D and PTH Levels and Risk of Falling in Older Men and Women in the Boston STOP IT Trial
Authors: Dawson-Hughes Bess , Wang Jifan , Barger Kathryn , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A , Sempos Christopher T , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon A , Ceglia Lisa
Published: January 2022

Context

Supplementation with vitamin D has the potential to both reduce and increase risk of falling, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) may contribute to fall risk.

Objective

To assess the associations of intra-trial mean circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH on incident falls in healthy older adults.

Design

Observational within a clinical trial.

Setting

The Bone Metabolism Laboratory at the USDA Nutrition Center at Tufts University.

Participants

410 men and women age ≥65 years who participated in the 3-year Boston STOP IT trial to determine the effect of supplementation with 700 IU of vitamin D3 plus calcium on incident falls (secondary endpoint). Intra-trial exposures of 25(OH)D and PTH were calculated as the mean of biannual measures up to and including the first fall.

Main outcome measures

Incidence of first fall.

Results

Intra-trial mean 25(OH)D was significantly associated with risk of falling in a U-shaped pattern; the range associated with minimal risk of falling was approximately 20 to 40 ng/mL. PTH was not significantly associated with risk of falling.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the importance of maintaining the circulating 25(OH)D level between 20 and 40 ng/mL, the range that is also recommended for bone health. At PTH levels within the normal range, there was no detectible independent association of PTH with fall risk.
Hyperthyroidism in Graves Disease Causes Sleep Disorders Related to Sympathetic Hypertonia
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Izawa Shoichiro , Fukaya Kenji , Matsuda Eriko , Fujiyama Misato , Matsuzawa Kazuhiko , Okura Tsuyoshi , Kato Masahiko , Taniguchi Shin-ichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro
Published: January 2022

Context

It is well known that Graves disease (GD) causes sleep disorders (SDs). However, the characteristics and associated factors of SD and its clinical course post hyperthyroidism normalization remain unclear.

Objective

To clarify the characteristics and associated factors of subjective SD and its clinical course after GD treatment.

Methods

From November 2017 to October 2020, we enrolled 72 participants (22 newly diagnosed with GD with untreated hyperthyroidism, 20 previously diagnosed with GD with normal thyroid function, and 30 normal controls) with no other underlying SD-related diseases. We compared the groups at enrollment and conducted prospective observations after 12 months of treatment on participants with newly diagnosed GD. Main outcome measures were differences and changes in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global and component sleep quality scores.

Results

PSQI global sleep quality scores (P = .036) and sleep disturbance scores (P = .011) were significantly different among the 3 groups, and were highest in the untreated hyperthyroidism group. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that free thyroxine level, which was positively correlated with sympathetic tone (ST) as evaluated by pulse rate, and urinary total metanephrines was associated with poorer PSQI global sleep quality scores independently of other factors (P = .006). Prospective observation showed that PSQI global sleep quality scores (P = .018) and sleep disturbance scores (P = .011) significantly improved with thyroid function normalization and ST attenuation.

Conclusion

Hyperthyroidism caused by GD augmented ST and exacerbated subjective SD. Normalization of hyperthyroidism caused by GD improved subjective SD.
Variability, Mean, and Baseline Values of Metabolic Parameters in Predicting Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pham Duong Duc , Song Jaekyung , Jeon Yunwan , Hajar Ibrahimi , Leem Chae Hun
Published: January 2022

Context

The effect of baseline (B) and alteration of metabolic parameters (MPs), including plasma glucose (PG) testing, insulin resistance surrogates, and lipid profile and their mutual interactions on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has not been investigated systematically.

Objective

To access the association of the past variability (V), past mean (M), and B values of various MPs and their mutual interaction with the risk of T2DM.

Methods

A community-based, longitudinal analysis was conducted using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study comprising 3829 nondiabetic participants with completed MPs measurements during 3 biannually visits who were followed over the next 10 years. Outcomes included the incidence of T2DM during follow-up.

Results

Among predictors, PG concentrations measured during the oral glucose tolerance test were the most prominent T2DM determinants, in which the M of the average value of fasting PG (FPG), 1-hour, and 2-hour PGs had the strongest discriminative power (hazard ratios and 95% CI for an increment of SD: 3.00 (2.5-3.26), AUC: 0.82). The M values of MPs were superior to their B and V values in predicting T2DM, especially among postload PGs. Various mutual interactions between indices and among MPs were found. The most consistent interactants were the M values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the M and V values of FPG. The findings were similar in normal glucose tolerance participants and were confirmed by sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Postload PG, past alteration of measurements, and mutual interactions among indices of MPs are important risk factors for T2DM development.
Deconstructing a Syndrome: Genomic Insights Into PCOS Causal Mechanisms and Classification
Authors: Dapas Matthew , Dunaif Andrea
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting up to 15% worldwide, depending on the diagnostic criteria. PCOS is characterized by a constellation of interrelated reproductive abnormalities, including disordered gonadotropin secretion, increased androgen production, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is frequently associated with insulin resistance and obesity. These reproductive and metabolic derangements cause major morbidities across the lifespan, including anovulatory infertility and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Despite decades of investigative effort, the etiology of PCOS remains unknown. Familial clustering of PCOS cases has indicated a genetic contribution to PCOS. There are rare Mendelian forms of PCOS associated with extreme phenotypes, but PCOS typically follows a non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance consistent with a complex genetic architecture, analogous to T2D and obesity, that reflects the interaction of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Genomic studies of PCOS have provided important insights into disease pathways and have indicated that current diagnostic criteria do not capture underlying differences in biology associated with different forms of PCOS.

We provide a state-of-the-science review of genetic analyses of PCOS, including an overview of genomic methodologies aimed at a general audience of non-geneticists and clinicians. Applications in PCOS will be discussed, including strengths and limitations of each study. The contributions of environmental factors, including developmental origins, will be reviewed. Insights into the pathogenesis and genetic architecture of PCOS will be summarized. Future directions for PCOS genetic studies will be outlined.
Novel Application of Recommendation Standards to Evaluate a Cancer-Specific Community-Based Exercise Program
Authors: Wood Kelley C. , Leach Heather J. , Marshall Timothy , Hidde Mary C. , Crisafio Mary E. , Pergolotti Mackenzi
Published: January 2022

Lack of standards to regulate community-based supervised exercise programs (CSEP) is a barrier to improved integration in oncology. To foster standards development, we applied 11 recommended (non–cancer-specific) standards as a framework to describe and evaluate the Fitness Therapy (Fit) for Cancer Program. This study used descriptive, pre- and postevaluation of the Fit Cancer program—an 8-wk CSEP, including weekly group-based exercise and three physical activity (PA) behavior change discussion sessions. Outcomes collected pre- and postprogram include self-reported PA (vigorous, moderate, and walking minutes per week), well-being, lower body muscular endurance measured by 30-s sit to stand (30-STS), and program satisfaction (survey and open-ended program “highlights”). PA, 30-STS, and well-being were analyzed descriptively (mean, median, etc.), then pre- and postprogram change was evaluated using paired t-tests and Cohen’s d. Program satisfaction data were analyzed using descriptive, sequential mixed method analysis with line-by-line inductive coding. The implementation of Fit Cancer aligned with each recommended standard (comprehensive screening and enrollment, evidence-based, small group, etc.). From 2017 to 2019, 46 participants completed the program (76.1% female, M
age = 57 ± 10 yr). Significant pre- and postimprovements were observed for vigorous PA (P = 0.00, d = 0.62), moderate PA (P = 0.001, d = 0.07), 30-STS (P = 0.00, d = 0.62), and well-being (P = 0.008, d = 0.27). All respondents (n = 32, 70%) agreed that they “enjoyed” the program, “looked forward to exercise sessions,” and the “staff and group environment provided a sense of community and support” that was beneficial. Themes in program “highlights” aligned with the recommended standards and included instructors, social support, exercise sessions, observable health/wellness impacts, and other supports (education, cost, resources). The Fit Cancer program aligns well with recommendation standards for CSEP and resulted in improved PA, lower body muscular endurance, and well-being for survivors. Results of this study provide pragmatic evidence to guide the development of future cancer-specific CSEP standards.
A economia política do fundo de participação dos estados: Uma visão histórico-institucional
Authors: Castro Kleber Pacheco de , Lima Ana Carolina da Cruz
Published: January 2022

O Fundo de Participação dos Estados (FPE) sofreu uma série de modificações em sua legislação, cujo intuito era alterar o volume de recursos que compunham o fundo (distribuição vertical) ou a regra de distribuição destes recursos (distribuição horizontal). No primeiro caso, é determinante o contexto político de maior ou menor centralização de poder na União. No segundo caso, a explicação para o padrão de partilha reside na desproporcionalidade da representação política das diversas regiões no Congresso Nacional e no sentimento regionalista e não cooperativo que vigora nas relações federativas no país. Esse cenário ajuda a compreender o motivo pelo qual as tentativas de mudar o sistema são bloqueadas, mesmo quando a mudança parte de uma determinação judicial. O resultado é a construção de um fundo enviesado, que passa ao largo de um sistema de equalização fiscal, como observável nas federações mais avançadas.
Compras públicas no Brasil: Indícios de fraudes usando a lei de Newcomb-Benford
Authors: Sampaio Adilson , Figueiredo Paulo , Loiola Elisabeth
Published: January 2022

Este artigo utiliza a Lei de Newcomb-Benford (Lei-NB), ou Lei dos Números Anômalos, para análise empírica exploratória dos valores de pregões eletrônicos ocorridos no Portal de Compras do Governo Federal brasileiro e constantes no recém-criado site “DadosAbertos.gov.br”. Nas análises foram consideradas todas as contratações de serviços no período de 2014 a 2018. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a conformidade dos pregões eletrônicos mencionados à Lei-NB, visando a verificar anomalias que representam indícios de fraude. Pode-se afirmar que há anomalia estatisticamente significante na análise do primeiro dígito dos valores licitados nos pregões eletrônicos das licitações. Constata-se também que os pregões com primeiro dígito de números 4, 8 e 9 são os que apresentaram maiores diferenças entre o valor observado e o valor esperado, fortalecendo a hipótese de que esses representam os pregões com maior incidência/probabilidade de desvios. O estudo, pioneiro nesse tipo de análise na base de dados brasileira, visa a contribuir para a literatura focada na detecção de fraudes contábeis ou financeiras no setor público. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que podem contribuir, também, para a prática da fiscalização na gestão pública. É recomendado aprofundar a análise das licitações estudadas, visando a confirmar os indícios constatados, e focar em estudos baseados na economia da corrupção nas questões que envolvem a detecção de fraudes, a fim de que a corrupção se torne inviável ou inoportuna.
Etude de l'appropriation de modèles précurseurs par des enseignants pour une éducation scientifique en grande section d'école maternelle
Authors: Αρναντωνάκη Δανάη
Published: January 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι νηπιαγωγοί στη Γαλλία χρησιμοποιούν διδακτικά μέσα με στόχο την κατασκευή ενός πρόδρομου μοντέλου σχετικά με τις έννοιες του φωτός και της σκιάς υπό το πρίσμα της Γεωμετρικής Οπτικής. Έχοντας ένα τέτοιο πρόδρομο μοντέλο που κατασκευάστηκε από προηγούμενες μελέτες, δημιουργήσαμε μια ειδική μεθοδολογία για να παρατηρήσουμε και να αναλύσουμε το βαθμό στον οποίο οι εκπαιδευτικοί μπορούν να το οικειοποιηθούν για να διεξάγουν επιστημονική εκπαίδευση με τους μαθητές τους. Για το σκοπό αυτό, συγκροτήσαμε μια ομάδα τεσσάρων εθελοντών εκπαιδευτικών για την υλοποίηση αυτής της μελέτης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η ομάδα πρότεινε ένα παιδαγωγικό σενάριο, έπειτα από μία σύντομη διαδικασία επιμόρφωσης. Ένα μέλος της ομάδας εφάρμοσε στην τάξη του το συγκεκριμένο παιδαγωγικό σενάριο και έπειτα από μια κριτική ανάλυση της πρακτικής του, ο εν λόγω εκπαιδευτικός πρότεινε ένα νέο σενάριο.Με βάση την Ανθρωπολογική Θεωρία της Διδακτικής του Chevallard, κατασκευάζουμε μια « πραξεολογία αναφοράς » (praxéologie de référence) εμπνευσμένη από το πρόδρομο μοντέλο που μελετάμε και τις διδακτικές « πραξεολογίες » (praxéologies) της ομάδας και του εκπαιδευτικού. Πραγματοποιούμε μια σειρά ενεργειών προκειμένου να εντοπίσουμε στοιχεία « πρακτικής » (praxis) και « λόγου » (logos), και εντοπίζουμε αν οι διδακτικές « πραξεολογίες » (praxéologies) των εκπαιδευτικών περιέχουν τα στοιχεία του πρόδρομου μοντέλου. Η ανάλυση των δεδομένων δείχνει ότι είναι δυνατή η οικειοποίηση του μοντέλου υπό ορισμένες προϋποθέσεις. Η ομάδα προτείνει ένα σενάριο που σχετίζεται με το πρόδρομο μοντέλο, αλλά η εφαρμογή του σεναρίου στην τάξη, φαίνεται να αποκλίνει από τις αρχές του εν λόγω μοντέλου. Ωστόσο, η μεθοδολογία μας οδηγεί τον εκπαιδευτικό να προτείνει ένα εκπαιδευτικό σενάριο που συμφωνεί με τις αρχές του πρόδρομου μοντέλου για το φως και τις σκιές.
Αξιοποίηση στεμφύλων με ζύμωση στερεάς φάσης για την παραγωγή μικροβιακής πρωτεΐνης
Authors: Σωτηροπούλου Ευαγγελία
Published: January 2022

Ένας μεγάλος όγκος υποπροϊόντων οινοποιείου παραμένει ανεκμετάλλευτος κάθε χρόνο σε διεθνές επίπεδο, γεγονός που όχι μόνο επιβαρύνει το οινοποιείο αλλά και το περιβάλλον.Ο σκοπός αυτής της διατριβής είναι να διερευνήσει τρόπους για τη χρήση των στεμφύλων ώστε να προκύψουν προϊόντα προστιθέμενης αξίας, συγχρόνως να μειωθεί η παραγωγή οινικών αποβλήτων, να δοθούν περαιτέρω εναλλακτικές λύσεις για τη μείωση των περιβαλλοντικών επιπτώσεων της δραστηριότητας του οινοποιείου αλλά και να δημιουργηθούν πιθανές πρόσθετες πηγές εισοδήματος. Στόχος της ερευνητικής εργασίας είναι η παραγωγή μικροβιακής πρωτεΐνης σε υποστρώματα στεμφύλων και η μελέτη των χαρακτηριστικών των τελικών προϊόντων (τέφρα, υγρασία, λίπος, φυτικές ίνες) για πιθανή αξιοποίηση τους ως πηγή τροφής, στο πλαίσιο επίτευξης της κυκλικής οικονομίας. Στο πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής, στα τέσσερα πρώτα κεφάλαια, γίνεται μια διεξοδική επισκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας όσον αφορά τη ζύμωση στερεάς φάσης, τα μανιτάρια, τη μικροβιακή πρωτεΐνη και την αξιοποίηση των υποπροϊόντων οινοποίησης. Στο δεύτερο μέρος της διατριβής περιγράφεται αναλυτικά ο πειραματικός σχεδιασμός της διατριβής. Αναφέρονται οι πρώτες ύλες, οι μικροοργανισμοί, τα χημικά αντιδραστήρια, και ο εργαστηριακός εξοπλισμός που χρησιμοποιήθηκε, και περιγράφονται λεπτομερώς όλες οι αναλυτικές τεχνικές και οι πειραματικές πορείες που εφαρμόστηκαν στη διατριβή. Τέλος, στο τρίτο μέρος παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα και συμπεράσματα της διατριβής.
Responses to digital disinformation as part of hybrid threats: a systematic review on the effects of disinformation and the effectiveness of fact-checking/debunking
Authors: Arcos Rubén , Gertrudix Manuel , Arribas Cristina , Cardarilli Monica
Published: January 2022

The dissemination of purposely deceitful or misleading content to target audiences for political aims or economic purposes constitutes a threat to democratic societies and institutions, and is being increasingly recognized as a major security threat, particularly after evidence and allegations of hostile foreign interference in several countries surfaced in the last five years. Disinformation can also be part of hybrid threat activities. This research paper examines findings on the effects of disinformation and addresses the question of how effective counterstrategies against digital disinformation are, with the aim of assessing the impact of responses such as the exposure and disproval of disinformation content and conspiracy theories. The paper’s objective is to synthetize the main scientific findings on disinformation effects and on the effectiveness of debunking, inoculation, and forewarning strategies against digital disinformation. A mixed methodology is used, combining qualitative interpretive analysis and structured technique for evaluating scientific literature such as a systematic literature review (SLR), following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework.
The WOOL Dialogue Platform: Enabling Interdisciplinary User-Friendly Development of Dialogue for Conversational Agents
Authors: Beinema Tessa , op den Akker Harm , Hofs Dennis , van Schooten Boris
Published: January 2022

Health coaching applications can include (embodied) conversational agents as coaches. The development of these agents requires an interdisciplinary cooperation between eHealth application developers, interaction designers and domain experts. Therefore, proper dialogue authoring tools and tools to integrate these dialogues in a conversational agent system are essential in the process of creating successful agent-based applications. However, we found no existing open source, easy-to-use authoring tools that support multidisciplinary agent development. To that end, we developed the WOOL Dialogue Platform.

The WOOL Dialogue Platform provides the eHealth and conversational agent communities with an open source platform, consisting of a set of easy to use tools that facilitate virtual agent development. The platform consists of a dialogue definition language, an editor, application development libraries and a web service. To illustrate the platform’s possibilities and use in practice, we describe two use cases from EU Horizon 2020 research projects.

The WOOL Dialogue Platform is an ‘easy to use, and powerful if needed’ platform for the development of conversational agent applications that is seeing a slow but steady increase in uptake in the eHealth community. Developed to support dialogue authoring for embodied conversational agents in the health coaching domain, this platform’s strong points are its ease of use and ability to let domain experts and agents technology experts work together by providing all parties with tools that support their work effectively.
Oxen trade from the fifteenth century to the beginning of the seventeenth century and its relations with the environment and space – case study of Greater Poland
Authors: Anna Paulina  Orłowska  , Patrycja  Szwedo-Kiełczewska
Published: January 2022

The paper focuses on the interrelations between the environment, urban space, and oxen trade. On the basis of sources from the region of Greater Poland, it discusses particular conditions of trade in livestock (routes, pace of driving the animals, the need to feed and give water to the oxen). It also points to thus far ignored issues connected with indispensable adaptation of the urban space to the needs of the large-scale oxen trade which flourished during fairs taking place in various towns and emphasises the necessity to carry out further research in this regard.
Rzemiosło i handel w Krasnymstawie. Między prosperity a kryzysem (połowa XVI–XVII wiek)
Authors: Wojnarski Dariusz
Published: January 2022

Kondycję krasnostawskiego rzemiosła i handlu od połowy XVI do XVII w. determinowały uwarunkowania o znaczeniu lokalnym, regionalnym i ogólnopolskim. Przywileje królewskie, dogodne położenie handlowe, korzystna koniunktura gospodarcza decydowały o rzemieślniczo-handlowym profilu Krasnegostawu w XVI w., choć symptomy spowolnienia wystąpiły już w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach tego stulecia. W XVII w. nasilenie klęsk elementarnych, w tym wojen, rozrost jurydyk, konkurencja ze strony nowo lokowanych miast na czele z Zamościem oraz zmiany strukturalne w gospodarce Rzeczypospolitej stanowiły składowe przesłanek kryzysu. Jego apogeum, któremu towarzyszyła depopulacja, przypadło na lata siedemdziesiąte i osiemdziesiąte XVII stulecia. Następstwem był spadek rangi Krasnegostawu do roli ośrodka agrarnego przy jednoczesnej marginalizacji handlu i rzemiosła. Wyhamowanie tych negatywnych tendencji obserwujemy w końcu tzw. srebrnego wieku.
W czterdziestolecie sankcji wobec Iranu. Analiza przyczyn i skutków polityczno-gospodarczych: 1979–2019
Authors: Matera Paulina , Matera Rafał
Published: January 2022

Artykuł ma na celu ocenę skuteczności sankcji stosowanych przez państwa Zachodu wobec Iranu w okresie 40 lat (1979–2019). We wstępie postawiono hipotezę, że skoordynowane sankcje Stanów Zjednoczonych i państw europejskich mogą doprowadzić do osiągnięcia głównego celu wobec Iranu: ograniczenia programu nuklearnego rozwijanego przez to państwo. Program ten był postrzegany przez Zachód jako poważne zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Przedstawiono powody nałożenia sankcji na Iran przez USA, ewolucję stanowiska europejskiego wobec ich stosowania oraz mechanizmy i skutki współpracy państw Zachodu w wywieraniu presji gospodarczej na Iran. Oceniono realizację amerykańskich i europejskich celów sankcji, tak, by zrozumieć powody wycofania się w 2018 r. Stanów Zjednoczonych z podpisanego w 2015 r. porozumienia z Iranem.
Socjotopografia a pułapki ksiąg miejskich, czyli uwagi na marginesie pracy Krzysztofa Mrozowskiego Przestrzeń i obywatele Starej Warszawy od schyłku XV wieku do 1569 roku, Warszawa 2020
Authors: Łozowski Piotr
Published: January 2022

Artykuł przedstawia zagrożenia, jakie dla badań socjotopograficznych niosą ze sobą dane uzyskiwane z późnośredniowiecznych i wczesnonowożytnych ksiąg miejskich. Podzielono go na trzy części, obejmujące przestrzeń miasta, analizy socjotopograficzne oraz zagadnienia migracyjne. Oprócz ukazania niebezpieczeństw zaproponowano sposoby ich uniknięcia i niedostrzegane możliwości badawcze.
Periodic solutions of superlinear and sublinear state-dependent discontinuous differential equations
Authors: Nieto Juan J. , Uzal José M.
Published: January 2022

A classical, second-order differential equation is considered with state-dependent impulses at both the position and its derivative. This means that the instants of impulsive effects depend on the solutions and they are not fixed beforehand, making the study of this problem more difficult and interesting from the real applications point of view. The existence of periodic solutions follows from a transformation of the problem into a planar system followed by a study of the Poincaré map and the use of some fixed point theorems in the plane. Some examples are presented to illustrate the main results.
Movimientos sociales en contextos de crisis: consideraciones sobre la ola feminista estudiantil y los medios de comunicación chilenos.
Authors: Browne Sartori Rodrigo , Romero Lizama Pamela
Published: January 2022

Este artículo, de corte teórico, tiene su génesis en el movimiento feminista estudiantil del 2018 en Chile. Se basa en la relevancia que merecen los movimientos sociales, en el papel fundamental que juegan los medios de comunicación dentro de la proyección de éstos y en la necesidad de preguntarse por los contenidos informativos levantados por estas plataformas. En la introducción se presenta primeramente la relación ente la ola feminista chilena y los medios de comunicación, para luego centrarnos en los movimientos sociales en Chile, y luego abordar los movimientos estudiantiles chilenos del siglo XXI. A continuación, se da cuenta de las implicaciones de las demandas de género en los movimientos sociales, así como de las representaciones de género que se construyen y reproducen a través de los medios de comunicación. Por último, se presenta un acercamiento desde la perspectiva feminista y unas consideraciones finales respecto a los desafíos de los medios de comunicación en la cobertura de las movilizaciones feministas. Se espera que este trabajo sea un aporte a la reflexión y sirva para ampliar la mirada periodística en los medios nacionales e internacionales, con el fin de acabar con las desigualdades y la violencia de género.
Cautivos en la red. El impacto del metaverso en el derecho de acceso a la información y la protección de datos personales.
Authors: Gómez Pérez Mara
Published: January 2022

Las redes sociales han revolucionado al mundo entero. En nuestros días, más de la mitad de la población mundial es usuaria de una o más redes sociales. Se comunica, se informa y comparte cotidianamente una enorme cantidad de información personal a través de ellas. Sin embargo, hoy sabemos que las redes no son inocuas. Precisamente por ello, el reciente anuncio de la creación del metaverso debería encender todas las alarmas. El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre algunos de los efectos nocivos de las redes sociales, especialmente, en relación con los derechos de acceso a la información y protección de datos personales, y examina algunas soluciones.
La cuarta edad. Derecho y ancianidad.
Authors: Palacios García Mª Ángeles
Published: January 2022

En la familia se aprende cuando se reciben los golpes, es un aprendizaje sordo que se realiza en edades tempranas sobre la aceptación del uso de la violencia como forma de resolver los conflictos o de imponer la voluntad del individuo frente al resto de los miembros de la unidad familiar. Las víctimas de violencia, en su infancia aprenden este patrón de comportamiento como habitual y lo normalizan y cuando llega el momento lo reproducen, pasando de ser víctimas a verdugos, en un ciclo de violencia íntima. Las personas mayores representan un colectivo frágil y vulnerable frente al maltrato, son víctimas que no pueden o no quieren defenderse, protegiendo así a quiénes les maltratan, que son precisamente aquellos, a los que por amor o temor no se atreven a delatar. La violencia relacional es una manifestación de poder, que se utiliza para someter a la víctima, ahora mayor, tan frágil y vulnerable como un niño, que es maltratada y humillada en el entorno doméstico, por las manos de aquellos, que un día fueron cuidados y protegidos por ella o por las de quiénes asumen la obligación personal o profesional de hacerlo. El estudio de la protección penal y constitucional y la propuesta de una regulación propia de la ancianidad es la pretensión de este artículo.
Influencia de variables sociofamiliares en la competencia digital en comunicación y colaboración: [Influence of socio-familial variables on digital competence in communication and collaboration]
Authors: Casillas-Martín Sonia , Cabezas-González Marcos , García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso Ana
Published: January 2022

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) se utilizan en todos los sectores, incluido el educativo y una competencia básica como es la digital, debe ser desarrollada desde la escuela. Para desarrollar políticas educativas eficaces que integren las TIC en los sistemas educativos y fomenten el desarrollo de esta competencia, es muy importante conocer la influencia que pueden tener diferentes variables sociales en su adquisición y desarrollo. En este artículo se presenta un estudio que tiene por objeto evaluar la competencia digital de los estudiantes de enseñanza obligatoria e identificar el impacto, que en ella tienen, diferentes variables sociofamiliares. Se diseñó una investigación descriptiva transversal utilizando una metodología cuantitativa. Se trabajó con una muestra de 807 estudiantes, y se utilizó una prueba de resolución de problemas para la recogida de datos. Los resultados muestran un nivel medio en conocimiento y capacidades digitales influenciado por los antecedentes económicos y culturales de la familia, así como por el acceso de los estudiantes a los dispositivos digitales desde sus casas. Esta situación debe de ser motivo de reflexión en los centros educativos, para implementar programas curriculares que fortalezcan este tipo de competencias.
Nuevos diseños y formas organizativas flexibles en educación superior: construcción de itinerarios personales de aprendizaje
Authors: Salinas Ibáñez Jesús , de Benito Crosetti Bárbara , Moreno García Juan , Lizana Carrió Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Una de las formas de incorporar estrategias didácticas que promuevan la flexibilidad, la autonomía y la responsabilidad en el contexto de la secuenciación adaptativa del curriculum a las diferencias de los estudiantes, pasa por diseñar itinerarios flexibles de aprendizaje. El presente estudio aborda este concepto desde la perspectiva del diseño del aprendizaje, presentando una estructura de secuencias de aprendizaje intercambiables que permiten la configuración de itinerarios personales por parte de los propios alumnos en un proceso de codiseño. A partir de un cuestionario tipo Likert se analiza la valoración general de la experiencia, de la autonomía y control del proceso, de los propios itinerarios personales de aprendizaje y de las secuencias de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran una alta valoración de cada una de las dimensiones por parte de los estudiantes. Se concluye que la configuración de los itinerarios y la participación de los estudiantes, así como las características que presentan los itinerarios flexibles de aprendizaje para facilitar la personalización, son propuestas metodológicas valiosas.
Acuerdos y desacuerdos entre los jefes y los subordinados sobre la admiración del liderazgo
Authors: Llanos Luis Felipe , Villarreal Coindreau Marcelo José
Published: January 2022

La opinión de los seguidores está tomando una mayor relevancia en la gestión del liderazgo de las organizaciones. Por ello, se buscó contrastar la percepción de los subordinados sobre si admiran a su jefe como líder, contra la opinión que tiene el propio jefe al respecto. En la muestra participaron 442 personas, 221 parejas de jefes y subordinados, de 63 empresas en México, que opinaron sobre acciones de los jefes y su liderazgo. Los resultados confirman que los subordinados tienden a admirar a sus jefes como líderes, solo si estos últimos apoyan su trabajo y confían en sus capacidades. Sin embargo, algunas opiniones de los jefes sobre su propio liderazgo, no guardan relación con lo que opinan sus subordinados. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de que los jefes pregunten a sus subordinados lo que opinan para que puedan fortalecer su liderazgo.
Case Article—The RealPro Customer Benefits Program: Rekindling Shopper Loyalty Through a Subscription Service
Authors: Huchzermeier Arnd , Wolters Jannik , Uphues Marcel
Published: January 2022

In this case study, students combine data-based insights with strategic considerations to make fundamental business decisions at the German grocery retail chain Real. In response to dwindling numbers of customers and reduced revenues, Real developed the RealPro customer benefits program to achieve a quick turnaround. For a fixed annual fee, RealPro members receive substantial and permanent discounts of 20% on nonpromoted items from a broad range of food categories. Students employ data analytics methods to extract insights from the provided data set, which contains point-of-sale information from the actual market test of RealPro. Based on these insights, decisions concerning the rollout and design of the RealPro program must be made. We provide data analysis solutions in both Excel and R to analyze 75 thousand customer transactions. In the case extension, students can apply the difference-in-differences method and two covariate balancing algorithms for in-depth statistical analyses. For this purpose, we provide an additional unbalanced data set with 83 thousand transactions, on which the students can test and analyze propensity score matching and entropy balancing models.

Supplemental Material: Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2021.0257ca . The Teaching Note and restricted data are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Second-Order Optimality Conditions for Nonconvex Set-Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Gfrerer Helmut , Ye Jane J. , Zhou Jinchuan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study second-order optimality conditions for nonconvex set-constrained optimization problems. For a convex set-constrained optimization problem, it is well known that second-order optimality conditions involve the support function of the second-order tangent set. In this paper, we propose two approaches for establishing second-order optimality conditions for the nonconvex case. In the first approach, we extend the concept of the support function so that it is applicable to general nonconvex set-constrained problems, whereas in the second approach, we introduce the notion of the directional regular tangent cone and apply classical results of convex duality theory. Besides the second-order optimality conditions, the novelty of our approach lies in the systematic introduction and use, respectively, of directional versions of well-known concepts from variational analysis.
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma: When B Symptoms Appear Hand in Hand with Adrenal Masses
Authors: Lopes Sousa David , D. Santos Sandra , Pina Cabral João , Velho Ricardo , Teixeira Ana Sofia , Ribeiro Pedro
Published: January 2022

Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a very rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Herein, we report a case of NHL of both adrenal glands in a 69-year-old man. The patient was admitted because of a 1-month history of B symptoms and symptomatic hypotension. Biochemical analysis showed normocytic normochromic anaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and D-dimers. A computed tomography scan revealed bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands. There was no evidence of endocrine adrenal dysfunction. The mass in the right adrenal gland was biopsied and histopathology identified a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the activated B-cell subtype. A positron emission tomography 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose scan showed intensive hypermetabolic lesions involving both adrenal glands, as well as other locations, with higher uptake in the adrenal glands. Taken together, these findings suggested the diagnosis of PAL. The patient responded favourably to debulking therapy and is currently undergoing chemotherapy.
Pengukuran Indeks Ultraviolet Matahari dan Atenuasinya oleh Beberapa Bahan untuk Rekomendasi Waktu Aman Berjemur
Authors: Ristanto Sigit , Huda Choirul , Kurniawan Affandi Faisal
Published: January 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengukuran indeks ultraviolet (UV) matahari dan atenuasinya oleh beberapa bahan. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan berjemur di tengah terik  matahari sebagai upaya meningkatkan imun tubuh ditengah Pandemi Covid-19. Indeks ultraviolet menjadi kunci dalam menentukan waktu yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data distribusi indeks UV di suatu wilayah beserta atenuasinya untuk keperluan rekomendasi rentang waktu aman berjemur. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa sensor indeks UV analog yang mengubah radiasi UV menjadi tegangan analog pada rentang 0 – 1 V. Nilai output dibaca menggunakan multimeter lalu dikonversi ke dalam UV indeks menggunakan tabel konversi bawaan produk. Pengukuran UV indeks dibagi menjadi tiga kondisi, pertama berdasarkan rentang waktu pada rentang waktu dari pukul 08.00 – 16.00 WIB, pengaruh tutupan awan, dan pengukuran UV indeks saat melawati beberapa bahan: kacamata transparan, kacamata riben, plastic kemasan, topi, dan kaos olahraga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi indek UV berdasarkan rentang waktu berhasil diperoleh, tutupan awan menyebabkan penurunan indek UV sebesar 4 tingkat dan atenuasi Indek UV oleh beberapa bahan berhasil diperoleh. Berdasarkan sampel pengambilan data di Tinjomoyo Banyumanik Kota Semarang diperoleh waktu aman berjemur berada pada rentang sebelum Pukul 10.00 WIB dan setelah Pukul 14.00 WIB.