bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Schistosomiasis in Mothers and Young Children in Uganda: Investigation of Field-Applicable Markers of Bowel Morbidity
Authors: Betson Martha , Sousa-Figueiredo Jose Carlos , Rowell Candia , Kabatereine Narcis B. , Stothard J. Russell
Published: October 2010

To control intestinal schistosomiasis at a national level in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need for field-applicable markers to measure morbidity associated with this disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fecal calprotectin or fecal occult blood assays could be used as morbidity indicators for intestinal schistosomiasis. The study was carried out in Uganda with a cohort of young children (n = 1,327) and their mothers (n = 726). The prevalence of egg-patent schistosomiasis was 27.2% in children and 47.6% in mothers. No association was found between schistosomiasis infection and fecal calprotectin in children (n = 83, odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, P = 0.881), although an inverse relationship (n = 58, OR = 0.17, P = 0.043) was found in mothers. Fecal occult blood was strongly associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection in children (n = 814, OR = 2.30, P < 0.0001) and mothers (n = 448, OR = 1.95, P = 0.004). Fecal occult blood appears to be useful for measuring morbidity associated with intestinal schistosomiasis and could be used in assessing the impact of control programs upon disease.
Detectable Trypanosoma cruzi Parasitemia during Pregnancy and Delivery as a Risk Factor for Congenital Chagas Disease
Authors: Brutus Laurent , Castillo Helen , Bernal Claudia , Salas Nadin Alejandra , Schneider Dominique , Santalla José-Antonio , Chippaux Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2010

Vector control has led to a drastic decrease in the prevalence of acquired Chagas disease in Latin America, thus redirecting attention to congenital Chagas disease. We report results of a longitudinal study of 359 pregnant women in Yacuiba in southern Bolivia, of whom 147 (40.9%) were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, to evaluate the relationship between the patency period of the parasitemia and the risk of congenital infection. Maternal infection was assessed by using T. cruzi-specific serologic tests, and parasitemia in mothers and newborns was diagnosed by using microscopic examination of blood in heparinized microhematocrit tubes. Parasitemia was present in 28.6% of the infected women. Its prevalence increased during the third trimester, then decreased at delivery. The likelihood of congenital infection was significantly correlated with the parasite density in the mother's blood. The risk of transmission increased during the third trimester of pregnancy and could explain premature births or low-weight newborns for infected mothers.
Novel Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Infection in a Large Outbreak in Northern Uganda: Results from a Case-Control Study and Environmental Analysis
Authors: Howard Christopher M. , Handzel Thomas , Hill Vincent R. , Grytdal Scott P. , Blanton Curtis , Kamili Saleem , Drobeniuc Jan , Hu Dale , Teshale Eyasu
Published: October 2010

An outbreak of hepatitis E virus (HEV) began in October 2007 in northern Uganda. To determine risk factors and sources for ongoing transmission, we conducted both a case-control study and an environmental investigation. A case patient was defined as having serologic evidence of HEV infection, whereas controls were seronegative. We identified risk factors for infection by univariable and multivariable analyses using conditional logistic regression. Several water sources were tested for HEV RNA. Among 112 cases and 145 controls, storage of drinking water in large-mouthed vessels (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–6.94) and washing hands in a group basin (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.07–3.38) were associated with HEV infection. HEV RNA was detected from communal hand-rinse and surface-water samples. The epidemiologic and environmental water-testing results suggest that household-level factors played an important role in the transmission of HEV—modalities that have been previously underappreciated.
Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF3I and CH3I on atmospheric ozone: a three-dimensional modeling study
Authors: Youn D. , Patten K. O. , Wuebbles D. J. , Lee H. , So C.-W.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The concept of Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODPs) is extensively used in policy considerations related to concerns about the effects of various halocarbons and other gases on stratospheric ozone. Many of the recent candidate replacement compounds have atmospheric lifetimes shorter than one year in order to limit their environmental effects, especially on stratospheric ozone. Using a three-dimensional global chemistry-transport model (CTM) of the troposphere and the stratosphere, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of several very short-lived iodinated substances, namely iodotrifluoromethane (CF3I) and methyl iodide (CH3I), on atmospheric ozone. Like other chemicals with extremely short lifetimes, the stratospheric halogen loading and resulting ozone effects from these compounds are strongly dependent on the location of emissions. For CF3I, a possible replacement candidate for bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br), ODPs derived by the three-dimensional model are 0.008 with chemical lifetime of 5.03 days and 0.016 with a lifetime of 1.13 days for emissions assumed to be evenly distributed over land surfaces at mid-latitudes and the tropics, respectively. While this is the first time the ODPs have been evaluated with a three-dimensional model, these values are in good agreement with those derived previously. The model calculations suggest that tropical convection could deliver a larger portion of the gas and their breakdown products to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere if emission source is located in the tropics. The resulting ODP for CH3I, emitted from mid-latitudes, is 0.017 with lifetime of 13.59 days. Valid simulations of convective transport, vertical mixing and degradation chemistry of CH3I are shown that have good qualitative agreement between the model derived distribution of background CH3I, based on global source emission fluxes from previous studies, and available observations especially in vertical profiles.
Dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on humidity in a multiple-cloud system
Authors: Lee S. S.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. This study examines the dependence of aerosol-precipitation interactions on environmental humidity in a mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) driven by deep convective clouds. It is found that increases in aerosol enhance evaporative cooling, which raises not only the intensity of vorticity and entrainment but also that of downdrafts and low-level convergence or gustiness. The increase in vorticity tends to suppress precipitation. The increase in low-level convergence tends to enhance precipitation by generating more secondary clouds in a muptiple-cloud system simulated here. At high humidity, the effect of increased vorticity on cloud-liquid mass and, thus, precipitation is outweighed by that of increased low-level convergence. This leads to aerosol-induced precipitation enhancement. When humidity lowers to mid humidity, the effect of aerosol on low-level convergence still dominates that on entrainment, leading to precipitation enhancement with increased aerosol. With the lowest humidity in the current work, the effect of aerosol on entrainment dominates that on low-level convergence, leading to precipitation suppression with increased aerosol. Hence, there is not only a competition between the effect of evaporation on vorticity and that on low-level convergence but also the variation of the competition with humidity. This competition and variation are absent in a single-cloud system where the effect of low-level convergence on secondary clouds is absent. This exemplifies a difference in the mechanism which controls aerosol-precipitation interactions between a single cloud and a multiple-cloud system.
Impact of temperature field inhomogeneities on the retrieval of atmospheric species from MIPAS IR limb emission spectra
Authors: Kiefer M. , Arnone E. , Dudhia A. , Carlotti M. , Castelli E. , von Clarmann T. , Dinelli B. M. , Kleinert A. , Linden A. , Milz M. , Papandrea E. , Stiller G.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. We examine volume mixing ratios (vmr) retrieved from limb emission spectra recorded with the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on board Envisat. In level 2 (L2) data products of three different retrieval processors, which perform one dimensional (1-D) retrievals, we find significant differences between species' profiles from ascending and descending orbit parts. The relative differences vary systematically with time of the year, latitude, and altitude. In the lower stratosphere their monthly means can reach maxima of 20% for CFC-11, CFC-12, HNO3, H2O, 10% for CH4 and N2O. Relative differences between monthly means of 1-D retrieval results and of the true atmospheric state can be expected to reach half of these percentage values, while relative differences in single vmr profiles might well exceed those numbers. Often there are no physical or chemical reasons for these differences, so they are an indicator for a problem in the data processing. The differences are generally largest at locations where the meridional temperature gradient of the atmosphere is strong. On the contrary, when performing the retrieval with a tomographic two dimensional (2-D) retrieval, L2 products generally do not show these differences. This suggests that inhomogeneities in the temperature field, and possibly in the species' fields, which are accounted for in the 2-D algorithm and not in standard 1-D processors, may cause significant deviations in the results. Inclusion of an externally given adequate temperature gradient in the forward model of a 1-D processor helps to reduce the observed differences. However, only the full tomographic 2-D approach is suitable to resolve the horizontal inhomogeneities. Implications for the use of the 1-D data, e.g. for validation, are discussed. The dependence of the ascending/descending differences on the observation strategy suggests that this problem may affect 1-D retrievals of infrared limb sounders, if the line of sight of the instrument has a significant component in the direction of the horizontal temperature variation.
Radar detection of a localized 1.4 Hz pulsation in auroral plasma, simultaneous with pulsating optical emissions, during a substorm
Authors: Cosgrove R. , Nicolls M. , Dahlgren H. , Ranjan S. , Sanchez E. , Doe R.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Many pulsating phenomena are associated with the auroral substorm. It has been considered that some of these phenomena involve kilometer-scale Alfvén waves coupling the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Electric field oscillations at the altitude of the ionosphere are a signature of such wave activity that could distinguish it from other sources of auroral particle precipitation, which may be simply tracers of magnetospheric activity. Therefore, a ground based diagnostic of kilometer-scale oscillating electric fields would be a valuable tool in the study of pulsations and the auroral substorm. In this study we attempt to develop such a tool in the Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar (PFISR). The central result is a statistically significant detection of a 1.4 Hz electric field oscillation associated with a similar oscillating optical emission, during the recovery phase of a substorm. The optical emissions also contain a bright, lower frequency (0.2 Hz) pulsation that does not show up in the radar backscatter. The fact that higher frequency oscillations are detected by the radar, whereas the bright, lower frequency optical pulsation is not detected by the radar, serves to strengthen a theoretical argument that the radar is sensitive to oscillating electric fields, but not to oscillating particle precipitation. Although it is difficult to make conclusions as to the physical mechanism, we do not find evidence for a plane-wave-like Alfvén wave; the detected structure is evident in only two of five adjacent beams. We emphasize that this is a new application for ISR, and that corroborating results are needed.
A source location algorithm of lightning detection networks in China
Authors: Hu Z. X. , Zhao W. G. , Zhu H. P.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Fast and accurate retrieval of lightning sources is crucial to the early warning and quick repairs of lightning disaster. An algorithm for computing the location and onset time of cloud-to-ground lightning using the time-of-arrival (TOA) and azimuth-of-arrival (AOA) data is introduced in this paper. The algorithm can iteratively calculate the least-squares solution of a lightning source on an oblate spheroidal Earth. It contains a set of unique formulas to compute the geodesic distance and azimuth and an explicit method to compute the initial position using TOA data of only three sensors. Since the method accounts for the effects of the oblateness of the Earth, it would provide a more accurate solution than algorithms based on planar or spherical surface models. Numerical simulations are presented to test this algorithm and evaluate the performance of a lightning detection network in the Hubei province of China. Since 1990s, the proposed algorithm has been used in many regional lightning detection networks installed by the electric power system in China. It is expected that the proposed algorithm be used in more lightning detection networks and other location systems.
Fresnel scatter revisited – comparison of 50 MHz radar and radiosondes in the Arctic, the Tropics and Antarctica
Authors: Kirkwood S. , Belova E. , Satheesan K. , Narayana Rao T. , Rajendra Prasad T. , Satheesh Kumar S.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. High-resolution radiosondes and calibrated radars operating close to 50 MHz, are used to examine the relationship between the strength of radar scatter and refractive index gradient. Three radars are used, in Kiruna in Arctic Sweden, at Gadanki in southern India and at the Swedish/Finnish base Wasa/Aboa in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. Calibration is accomplished using the daily variation of galactic noise measured at each site. Proportionality between radar scatter strength and the square of the mean gradient of potential refractive index, M2, is found in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at all three sites, confirming previously reported results from many VHF radars. If the radar scatter is interpreted as Fresnel scatter, the constant of proportionality between radar scatter and M2 is found to be the same, within the calibration uncertainties, for all three radars. The radiosondes show evidence of distinct layering with sharp gradients, extending over 10s of kilometers horizontally, but the scatter is found to be two orders of magnitude weaker than would be expected from true Fresnel scatter from such layers. Using radar reflectivities resolved to a few 100 ms, we show that this is due to strong temporal variability in the scattering conditions, possibly due to undulations of the scattering layers. The constancy of the radar scatter – M2 relationship between the different sites suggests an unexpected uniformity in these perturbations between very different regions of the globe.
Coupling land surface and crop growth models for predicting evapotranspiration and carbon exchange in wheat-maize rotation croplands
Authors: Lei H. , Yang D. , Lokupitiya E. , Shen Y.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The North China Plain is one of the key crop-producing regions in China. However, water resources in the area are limited. Accurate modeling of water consumption and crop production in response to the changing environment is important. To describe the two-way interactions among climate, irrigation, and crop growth better, the modified crop phenology and physiology scheme from the SiBcrop model was coupled with the second version of the Simple Biosphere model (SiB2) to simulate crop phenology, crop production, and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and summer maize, which are two of the main crops in the region. In the coupled model, the leaf area index (LAI) produced by the crop phenology and physiology scheme was used in estimating sub-hourly energy and carbon fluxes. Observations obtained from two typical eddy covariance sites located in this region were used to validate the model. The coupled model was able to accurately simulate carbon and energy fluxes, soil water content, biomass carbon, and crop yield, especially for latent heat flux and carbon flux. The LAI was also well simulated by the model. Therefore, the coupled model is capable of assessing the responses of water resources and crop production to the changes of future climate and irrigation schedules of this region.
Evolution of ancient Lake Ohrid: a tectonic perspective
Authors: Hoffmann N. , Reicherter K. , Fernández-Steeger T. , Grützner C.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Lake Ohrid Basin is a graben structure situated in the Dinarides at the border of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) and Albania. It hosts one of the oldest lakes in Europe and is characterized by a basin and range-like geological setting together with the halfgraben basins of Korca, Erseka and Debar. The basin is surrounded by Paleozoic metamorphics in the northeast and north and Mesozoic ultramafic, carbonatic and magmatic rocks in the east, northwest, west and south. Paleocene to Pliocene units are present in the southwest. With the basin development, Neogene sediments from Pliocene to recent deposited in the lows. There are three major deformation phases: (A) NW–SE shortening from Late Cretaceous to Miocene; (B) uplift and diminishing compression during Messinian – Pliocene; (C) vertical uplift and (N)E–(S)W extension from Pliocene to recent led to the basin formation. Neotectonic activity of the study area concentrates on N–S trending normal faults that bound the Ohrid Basin eastwards and westwards. Seismic activity with moderate to strong events is documented during the last 2000 yrs; the seismic hazard level is among the highest in Albania and Macedonia. Activity of the youngest faults is evidenced by earthquake data and field observations. Morphotectonic features like fault scarps, a stepped series of active normal faults, deformed paleosols, a wind gap and fault-related hydrothermal activity are preserved around Lake Ohrid and allow delineating the tectonic history. It is shown that the Lake Ohrid Basin can be characterized as a seismogenic landscape. This paper presents a tectonic history of the Lake Ohrid Basin and describes tectonic features that are preserved in the recent landscape. The analysis of morphotectonic features is used to derive the deformation history. The stratigraphy of the area is summarized and concentrates on the main units.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane: an underappreciated aspect of methane cycling in peatland ecosystems?
Authors: Smemo K. A. , Yavitt J. B.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Despite a large body of literature on microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments and saline waters and its importance to the global methane (CH4) cycle, until recently little work has addressed the potential occurrence and importance of AOM in non-marine systems. This is particularly true for peatlands, which represent both a massive sink for atmospheric CO2 and a significant source of atmospheric CH4. Our knowledge of this process in peatlands is inherently limited by the methods used to study CH4 dynamics in soil and sediment and the assumption that there are no anaerobic sinks for CH4 in these systems. Studies suggest that AOM is CH4-limited and difficult to detect in potential CH4 production assays against a background of CH4 production. In situ rates also might be elusive due to background rates of aerobic CH4 oxidation and the difficulty in separating net and gross process rates. Conclusive evidence for the electron acceptor in this process has not been presented. Nitrate and sulfate are both plausible and favorable electron acceptors, as seen in other systems, but there exist theoretical issues related to the availability of these ions in peatlands and only circumstantial evidence suggests that these pathways are important. Iron cycling is important in many wetland systems, but recent evidence does not support the notion of CH4 oxidation via dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction or a CH4 oxidizing archaea in consortium with an Fe(III) reducer. Calculations based on published rates demonstrate that AOM might be a significant and underappreciated constraint on the global CH4 cycle, although much about the process in unknown, in vitro rates may not relate well to in situ rates, and projections based on those rates are fraught with uncertainty. We suggest electron transfer mechanisms, C flow and pathways, and quantifying in situ peatland AOM rates as the highest priority topics for future research.
The effect of a dynamic background albedo scheme on Sahel/Sahara precipitation during the mid-Holocene
Authors: Vamborg F. S. E. , Brovkin V. , Claussen M.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. We have implemented a new albedo scheme, that takes the dynamic behaviour of the surface below the canopy into account, into the land-surface scheme of the MPI-ESM. The standard (static) scheme calculates the seasonal canopy albedo as a function of leaf area index, whereas the background albedo is a gridbox constant derived from satellite measurements. The new (dynamic) scheme additionally models the background albedo as a slowly changing function of organic matter in the ground and of litter and standing dead biomass covering the ground. We use the two schemes to investigate the interactions between vegetation, albedo and precipitation in the Sahel/Sahara for two time-slices: pre-industrial and mid-Holocene. The dynamic scheme represents the seasonal cycle of albedo and the correspondence between annual mean albedo and vegetation cover in a more consistent way than the static scheme. It thus gives a better estimate of albedo change between the two time periods. With the introduction of the dynamic scheme, precipitation is increased by 30 mm/year for the pre-industrial simulation and by about 80 mm/year for the mid-Holocene simulation. The present-day dry bias in the Sahel of standard ECHAM5 is thus reduced and the sensitivity of precipitation to mid-Holocene external forcing is increased by around one third. The locations of mid-Holocene lakes, as estimated from reconstructions, lie south of the modelled desert border in both mid-Holocene simulations. The magnitude of simulated rainfall in this area is too low to fully sustain lakes, however it is captured better with the dynamic scheme. The dynamic scheme leads to increased vegetation variability in the remaining desert region, indicating a higher frequency of green spells, thus reaching a better agreement with the vegetation distribution as derived from pollen records.
A regional ocean circulation model for the mid-Cretaceous North Atlantic Basin: implications for black shale formation
Authors: Topper R. P. M. , Trabucho Alexandre J. , Tuenter E. , Meijer P. Th.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. High concentrations of organic matter accumulated in marine sediments during Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) in the Cretaceous. Model studies examining these events invariably make use of global ocean circulation models. In this study, a regional model for the North Atlantic Basin during OAE2 at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is developed. A first order check of the results is performed by comparison with the results of a recent global Cenomanian CCSM3 run from which boundary and initial conditions were obtained. The regional model is able to maintain tracer patterns and to produce velocity patterns similar to the global model. The sensitivity of basin tracer and circulation patterns to changes in the geometry of the connections with the global ocean is examined with three experiments with different bathymetries near the sponges. Different geometries turn out to have little effect on tracer distribution, but do affect circulation and upwelling patterns. The regional model is also used to test the hypothesis that ocean circulation may be behind the deposition of black shales during OAEs. Three scenarios are tested which are thought to represent pre-OAE, OAE and post-OAE situations. Model results confirm that Pacific intermediate inflow together with coastal upwelling can have enhanced primary production during OAE2. A low sea level in the pre-OAE scenario can inhibit large scale black shale formation, as can the opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Seaway in the post-OAE scenario.
MEDUSA: a new intermediate complexity plankton ecosystem model for the global domain
Authors: Yool A. , Popova E. E. , Anderson T. R.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. The ongoing, anthropogenically-driven changes to the global ocean are expected to have significant consequences for plankton ecosystems in the future. Because of the role that plankton play in the ocean's "biological pump", changes in abundance, distribution and productivity will likely have additional consequences for the wider carbon cycle. Just as in the terrestrial biosphere, marine ecosystems exhibit marked diversity in species and functional types of organisms. Predicting potential change in plankton ecosystems therefore requires the use of models that are suited to this diversity, but whose parameterisation also permits robust and realistic functional behaviour. In the past decade, advances in model sophistication have attempted to address diversity, but have been criticised for doing so inaccurately or ahead of a requisite understanding of underlying processes. Here we introduce MEDUSA (Model of Ecosystem Dynamics, nutrient Utilisation, Sequestration and Acidification), a new "intermediate complexity" plankton ecosystem model that expands on traditional nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) models, and remains amenable to global-scale evaluation. MEDUSA includes the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, silicon and iron, broadly structured into "small" and "large" plankton size classes, of which the "large" phytoplankton class is representative of a key phytoplankton group, the diatoms. A full description of MEDUSA's state variables, differential equations, functional forms and parameter values is included, with particular attention focused on the submodel describing the export of organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. MEDUSA is used here in a multi-decadal hindcast simulation, and its biogeochemical performance evaluated at the global scale.
Land surface temperature representativeness in a heterogeneous area through a distributed energy-water balance model and remote sensing data
Authors: Corbari C. , Sobrino J. A. , Mancini M. , Hidalgo V.
Published: October 2010

Abstract. Land surface temperature is the link between soil-vegetation-atmosphere fluxes and soil water content through the energy water balance. This paper analyses the representativeness of land surface temperature (LST) for a distributed hydrological water balance model (FEST-EWB) using LST from AHS (airborne hyperspectral scanner), with a spatial resolution between 2–4 m, LST from MODIS, with a spatial resolution of 1000 m, and thermal infrared radiometric ground measurements that are compared with the representative equilibrium temperature that closes the energy balance equation in the distributed hydrological model. Diurnal and nocturnal images are analyzed due to the non stable behaviour of the thermodynamic temperature and to the non linear effects induced by spatial heterogeneity. Spatial autocorrelation and scale of fluctuation of land surface temperature from FEST-EWB and AHS are analysed at different aggregation areas to better understand the scale of representativeness of land surface temperature in a hydrological process. The study site is the agricultural area of Barrax (Spain) that is a heterogeneous area with a patchwork of irrigated and non irrigated vegetated fields and bare soil. The used data set was collected during a field campaign from 10 to 15 July 2005 in the framework of the SEN2FLEX project.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Dislocations of 1111‐Type GdFePO Superconductor.
Authors: Liang C. Y. , Che R. C. , Xia F. , Zhang X. L. , Cao H. , Wu Q. S.
Published: October 2010

GdFePO is synthesized by arc‐melting of Ge—Fe—P ternary alloys followed by annealing under oxygen in the presence of Gd2O3.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of Ag—Sn—Sb—Te Based Thermoelectric Materials by MA‐PAS and Their Properties.
Authors: Wu Jin , Yang Junyou , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jiansheng , Feng Shuanglong , Liu Ming , Peng Jiangying , Zhu Wen , Zou Tao
Published: October 2010

AgSn18SbTe20 and Sn50Te50 thermoelectric materials are prepared by mechanical alloying from powder mixtures of the elements followed by plasma‐activated sintering (653 K, 15 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties of A‐Site Ordered Perovskites ACu3Co4O12 (A: Ca and Y).
Authors: Yamada Ikuya , Ishiwata Shintaro , Terasaki Ichiro , Azuma Masaki , Shimakawa Yuichi , Takano Mikio
Published: October 2010

CaCu3Co4O12, YCu3Co4O12, and their solid solutions Ca1‐xYxCu3Co4O12 (x= 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of Y2O3, CuO, Co3O4, and Ca2CuO3 in the presence of KClO4 (gold capsule, 9 GPa, 1273 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: New Double Perovskites, LaBaTaNi1‐xCoxO6: Structural, Dielectric and Magnetic Studies.
Authors: Samal S. L. , Magdaleno T. , Ramanujachary K. V. , Lofland S. E. , Ganguli A. K.
Published: October 2010

The title compounds (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of La2O3, BaCO3, Ta2O5, NiO, and Co3O4 (1150 °C, 24 h) and characterized by powder XRD, XPS, and dielectric and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel PdAu@Au/C Core—Shell Catalyst: Superior Activity and Selectivity in Formic Acid Decomposition for Hydrogen Generation.
Authors: Huang Yunjie , Zhou Xiaochun , Yin Min , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: October 2010

The title catalyst is prepared by addition of NaBH4 solution to a mixture of HAuCl4, H2PdCl4, and ultrasonically dispersed carbon powder in H2O(25 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Li6PO5Br and Li6PO5Cl: The First Lithium‐Oxide‐Argyrodites.
Authors: Kong Shiao‐Tong , Deiseroth Hans‐Joerg , Maier Joachim , Nickel Vera , Weichert Katja , Reiner Christof
Published: October 2010

The new title compounds are prepared by reaction of Li3PO4, Li2O, and LiCl or LiBr (gold crucible in an evacuated quartz tube, 723 K, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of LiZn13.
Authors: Fischer Dieter , Jansen Martin
Published: October 2010

Codeposition of Li and Zn (1:13) onto single‐crystalline sapphire substrates at ‐196 °C results in the formation of the known Li0.1Zn0.9 β′′‐phase which transforms into the new metastable LiZn13 phase upon subsequent warming to room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Nitridogallate Fluoride LiBa5GaN3F5 — Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Band Gap Determination.
Authors: Hintze Frauke , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: October 2010

Red single crystals of the title compound are obtained from the reaction of Li, Ba, Ga, NaN3, and EuF3 in a sodium flux (sealed Ta crucible, 760 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Three Novel Sandwich‐Type Tungstobismuthates with Triethanolamine.
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Yi , Hao Zhaomin , Luo Fang
Published: October 2010

The three new title compounds (IV) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 for (IVa,c) and Z = 2 for (IVb), as determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Ternary Manganese Vanadate NaMnVO4.
Authors: Ben Yahia Hamdi , Gaudin Etienne , Boulahya Khalid , Darriet Jacques , Son Won‐Joon , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: October 2010

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of NaVO3 and MnO (Au tube, 500 °C, 120 h and 650 °C, 36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Magnetite Fe3O4 via a Simple Hydrothermal Route.
Authors: Liang Jun , Li Li , Luo Min , Fang Junzhuo , Hu Yanrui
Published: October 2010

Magnetic Fe3O4 crystals are easily obtained from the hydrothermal reaction of K4Fe(CN)6 in aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca2CoNbO6: A New Monoclinically Distorted Double Perovskite.
Authors: Shaheen R. , Bashir J.
Published: October 2010

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of CaCO3, Co3O4, and Nb2O5 (alumina crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Ag4Te(SO4) — A New Compound Featuring a Silver—Telluride Framework.
Authors: Shestimerova Tatiana A. , Mitiaev Alexander S. , Davliatshin Dmitry I. , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: October 2010

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of an equimolar mixture of Ag2Te and Ag2SO4 (sealed tube, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes via Chiral, Non‐Racemic β‐Hydroxy and β‐Methoxy Salicylhydrazone Catalysts.
Authors: Banerjee Sucharita , Ferrence Gregory M. , Hitchcock Shawn R.
Published: October 2010

A diversity of ephedrine‐ and pseudoephedrine‐derived o‐hydroxyarylhydrazones as well as Enders′ hydrazine‐derived analogues, e.g. (I) ‐ (III), is prepared and studied in the diethylzinc addition towards 2‐naphthaldehyde (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Unusual [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Haloacetylenes Activated with the Trifluoroacetyl Group (IV).
Authors: Koldobskii A. B. , Tsvetkov N. P. , Verteletskii P. V. , Godovikov I. A. , Kalinin V. N.
Published: October 2010

The novel halogenated trifluoroacetylenes (IV) are found to undergo formally forbidden [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with nonactivated alkenes in the absence of light and catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Activation of Aromatic C—H Bonds for Fused Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Construction.
Authors: Hu Yimin , Yao Hao , Sun Yongjie , Wan Jing , Lin Xiangang , Zhu Tao
Published: October 2010

A variety of cyclopenta‐fused naphthalene and phenanthrene derivatives (25 examples) are obtained by the palladium‐catalyzed reaction of 1,7‐diaryl‐1,6‐diynes with aryl halides through C—C coupling and C—H bond activation of the incorporated aryl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 6‐endo‐trig Wacker‐Type Cyclization of 2‐Geranylphenols: Application to a Facile Synthesis of (‐)‐Cordiachromene.
Authors: Takenaka Kazuhiro , Tanigaki Yugo , Patil Mahesh L. , Rao C. V. Laxman , Takizawa Shinobu , Suzuki Takeyuki , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: October 2010

Palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative Wacker‐type cyclization of o‐geranylphenols (I) predominantly provides access towards chromenes (II) via a 6‐endo‐trig pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for the Synthesis of Disulfides by Periodic Acid and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfite in Water.
Authors: Khan Khalid M. , Taha Muhammad , Rahim Fazal , Ali Muhammad , Jamil Waqas , Perveen Shahnaz , Choudhary M. Iqbal
Published: October 2010

The title method is chemoselective and tolerates various functional groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Hydrazides Using o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid to Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Aldehydes.
Authors: Takale Balaram S. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: October 2010

A selective method for conversion of hydrazides (I) to the corresponding aldehydes (II), acids (III), and esters (IV) by using a hypervalent iodine reagent is developed under different reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Mediated Oxidations Utilizing Monomeric Iodosyl‐ and Iodylarene Species.
Authors: Yusubov Mekhman S. , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: October 2010

A convenient experimental procedure for the preparation of iodylarenes via RuCl3‐catalyzed oxidation of iodoarenes with Oxone is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photoirradiative Phase‐Vanishing Method: Efficient Generation of HBr from Alkanes and Molecular Bromine and Its Use for Subsequent Radical Addition to Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Matsubara Hiroshi , Tsukida Masaaki , Ishihara Daisuke , Kuniyoshi Kenji , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: October 2010

A direct method for the photocatalytic in situ generation of HBr from bromine and isooctane and subsequent photocatalyzed regioselective addition is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni(I) and Ni(II) Ring‐Expanded N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: C—H Activation, Indole Elimination and Catalytic Hydrodehalogenation.
Authors: Davies Caroline J. E. , Page Michael J. , Ellul Charles E. , Mahon Mary F. , Whittlesey Michael K.
Published: October 2010

A nickel N‐heterocyclic carbene complex is synthesized via an indole elimination process and successfully applied for the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 1‐chloro‐4‐fluorobenzene (Ia) and hydrodebromination of 1‐bromo‐4‐fluorobenzene (Ia) under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Direct Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds in a Completely Aqueous Media.
Authors: Simion Cristian , Simion Alina M. , Arimura Takashi , Miyazawa Akira , Tashiro Masashi
Published: October 2010

The synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines through a direct reductive amination process carried out for the first time in completely aqueous media is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Silylation of Primary Alcohols with Recyclable Ruthenium Catalyst and Hydrosilanes.
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Kwon Min Serk , Park Jaiwook
Published: October 2010

With a few exceptions, the procedure is highly efficient.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rhodium IBiox[(‐)‐menthyl] Complex as a Highly Selective Catalyst for the Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Azabicycles: An Alternative Route to Epibatidine.
Authors: Bexrud Jason , Lautens Mark
Published: October 2010

The newly synthesized chiral rhodium N‐heterocyclic carbene complex ROXI is together with its dimer used as an efficient catalyst mixture for the asymmetric hydroarylation of azabicycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl‐α‐hydroxycarboxylate Derivatives and Their Phosphorus‐Containing Analogues with the Use of Fluorinated Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Titanyuk I. D. , Vorob'eva D. V. , Osipov S. N. , Beletskaya I. P.
Published: October 2010

A novel access to derivates of α‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted hydroxycarboxylates (III) or (V) and hydroxyphosphonates (XII) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild, Versatile, and Chemoselective Indium(III) Triflate‐Catalyzed Deprotection of Acetonides under Microwave Heating Conditions.
Authors: Golden Kathryn C. , Gregg Brian T. , Quinn John F.
Published: October 2010

The method allows the presence of acid‐labile functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Introducing Catalytic Activity in Helical Nanostructures: Microwave Assisted Oxathioacetalisation Catalyzed by Al‐Containing Helical Mesoporous Silicas.
Authors: Carrillo Adela I. , Sarrano Elena , Luque Rafael , Garcia Matinez Javier
Published: October 2010

Aluminum‐containing helical mesoporous silica is prepared and successfully applied as a reusable catalyst for the oxathioacetalization of carbonyl compounds (I) under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective and Enantioselective α‐Amination of Aldehydes Promoted by Chiral Proline Amide—Thiourea Bifunctional Catalysts.
Authors: Fu Ji‐Ya , Huang Qing‐Chun , Wang Qiao‐Wei , Wang Li‐Xin , Xu Xiao‐Ying
Published: October 2010

Optimized ATC is successfully applied to the direct asymmetric α‐amination of aldehydes with azodicarboxylates in enantioselectivities up to 99% ee.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐ or Microreactor‐Assisted Conversion of Furfuryl Alcohols into 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclopentenones.
Authors: Ulbrich Kathrin , Kreitmeier Peter , Reiser Oliver
Published: October 2010

The process can be greatly accelerated by high temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: New Example of Ramberg—Boecklund Reaction Initiated by Michael Addition.
Authors: Vasin V. A. , Bolusheva I. Yu. , Razin V. V.
Published: October 2010

The reaction mechanism leading to methylenecyclohexane derivative (V) is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroalcohols: Versatile Solvents in Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry and Syntheses of Diaryliodonium(III) Salts.
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Yamaoka Nobutaka , Kita Yasuyuki
Published: October 2010

The present work reveals that fluoroalcohols can positively affect the dehydrative condensation of hypervalent iodine reagents toward aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Periodic Mesoporous Silica Chlorides (PMSCl) with 2D P6mm Hexagonal Structures: Efficient Catalysts for the Beckmann Rearrangement.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Behzadnia Hesam
Published: October 2010

Treatment of mesoporous silica SBA‐15 in refluxing thionyl chloride generates novel surface‐chlorinated mesoporous silica materials which are found to be useful recyclable catalysts for the selective Beckmann rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Silver(I) Cylinder: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Catalytic Properties.
Authors: Wang Dehui , Zhang Bingguang , He Cheng , Wu Pengyan , Duan Chunying
Published: October 2010

A novel N‐heterocyclic carbene silver complex is synthesized and its catalytic activity in the enantioselective cyanosilylation of Schiff bases (I) is evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: Competing Regiodirecting Effects of Ester and Aryl Groups in [3 + 3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes: Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyphthalates and 2‐Hydroxyterephthalates.
Authors: Shkoor Mohanad , Fatunsin Olumide , Riahi Abdolmajid , Lubbe Mathias , Reim Stefanie , Sher Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: October 2010

[3+3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with ester‐substituted 3‐ethoxy‐ and 3‐silyloxy‐2‐en‐1‐ones provide a regioselective approach to 3‐hydroxyphthalates and 2‐hydroxyterephthalates.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Preparation of Chiral α‐Substituted Sulfides from α‐Chloro Sulfides via 1,2‐Asymmetric Induction.
Authors: Raghavan Sadagopan , Kumar V. Vinoth , Chowhan L. Raju
Published: October 2010

The reaction of racemic and chiral α‐chlorosulfides with organozinc bromides affords the syn‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Triphenylprolinol Ligands for the Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Moro Angelica Venturini , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , Luedtke Diogo S. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: October 2010

New and recyclable chiral amino alcohols are prepared and used as chiral ligands in catalytic asymmetric aryl transfer reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical‐Based Approach to Hydroxytetralones from Unprotected Phenols.
Authors: Petit Laurent , Zard Samir Z.
Published: October 2010

Xanthates derived from unprotected 2‐hydroxyacetophenones undergo intermolecular addition to unactivated alkenes such as (II) and subsequent intramolecular ring closure to give hydroxytetralones (IV), (VI) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Heteroarylation of Bromobenzylacetamide Derivatives: A Simple Access to Heteroarylated Benzylamine Derivatives.
Authors: Laidaoui Nouria , Miloudi Abdellah , El Abed Douniazad , Doucet Henri
Published: October 2010

The method renders possible the access to a broad spectrum of target compounds for pharmaceutical research.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Spiro Pyrrolidine and Pyrrolizine Derivatives by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Zheng Aiting , Liu Bin , Yu Xianyong , Yi Pinggui
Published: October 2010

Azomethine ylides, derived from isatin and sarcosine or proline, react with substrates of type (I)/(V) to give the novel dispiroheterocycles regio‐ and stereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Fluoroaziridine‐2‐carboxylates by Reformatsky‐Type Aza‐Darzens Reaction.
Authors: Tarui Atsushi , Kawashima Naoto , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira
Published: October 2010

Optimized conditions A) are highly suitable for the exclusive preparation of the desired aziridines (substructures of bioactive molecules) with the syn isomer predominating.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Alkylpyrroles by Use of a Vinamidinium Salt.
Authors: Wright Mathew T. , Carroll David G. , Smith Timothy M. , Smith Stanton Q.
Published: October 2010

A new route is presented to synthesize pyrrole 2‐carboxylates, pharmaceutically important substructures, via cyclocondensation of salts (I) with glycine esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hydrogenated 2,7‐Dimethylpyrrolo[3,4‐b]indoles — Analogues of Dimebon.
Authors: Ivachtchenko A. V. , Frolov E. B. , Mitkin O. D. , Tkachenko S. E. , Khvat A. V.
Published: October 2010

A variety of novel 2,7‐dimethyldihydro‐ and previously unknown cis‐hexahydropyrrolo[3,4‐b]indoles are synthesized and evaluated for their ability to block calcium currents induced by the H1 histamine receptor and to interact with serotonin 5‐HT6 receptors.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Pyrazol‐3‐one Synthesis Based on Hydrazinodipeptide‐Like Units Prepared via the Ugi Reaction.
Authors: Lakontseva Ekaterina , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: October 2010

A remarkable switch of reactivity for the Ugi‐type products (V) is observed under basic and acidic reaction conditions resulting in formation of different types of pyrazoles as single products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of Pyrazole‐Based Heterocycles as Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Farag Ahmad M. , Mayhoub Abdelrahman S. , Eldebss Taha M. A. , Amr Abdel‐Galil E. , Ali Korany A. K. , Abdel‐Hafez Naglaa A. , Abdulla Mohamed M.
Published: October 2010

A variety of new 1,5‐diphenylpyrazole derivatives substituted by different triazole or triazole bioisosteres at position 3 is synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐estrogenic effects and their cytotoxic properties against estrogen‐dependent tumor cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Transformation of Benzimidazolyl Chalcones into N1‐Substituted Pyrazolines and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities.
Authors: Rajora Jayanti , Yadav Janardan , Kumar Ravindra , Srivastava Yogendra K.
Published: October 2010

All the pyrazoline derivatives synthesized are found to possess moderate to good antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solvent‐Free Protocol for the Green Synthesis of Arylalkylidene Rhodanines in a Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Eshghi Ali
Published: October 2010

Knoevenagel condensation of rhodanine (I) with carbonyl compounds (II), (IV) or (VI) proceeds efficiently in the presence of a minimum amount of a novel ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐Aminothiophenol in Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds and Isocyanides: A Word of Caution.
Authors: Tsirulnikov Sergey , Dmitriev Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: October 2010

The sequential reaction of o‐aminothiophenol with carbonyl compounds and tert‐butyl isocyanide is reinvestigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Allylic Azides and One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Homoallyl Alcohols.
Authors: Reddy P. Surendra , Ravi V. , Sreedhar B.
Published: October 2010

A Pd‐catalyzed hydroazidation of homoallyl alcohols is developed to give good yields of allylic azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity of Some 4H‐1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives.
Authors: Gautam Nidhi , Chourasia O. P.
Published: October 2010

The majority of the synthesized triazole derivatives (IV) (12 examples) exhibit excellent antibacterial, promising antifungal and marked insecticidal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of 2,4‐Bis(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Wang XiaoQing , Zhao ZhiGang , Liu XingLi , Li WeiJie
Published: October 2010

as biologically interesting substances; 10 examples
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Coumarins and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Roussaki Marina , Kontogiorgis Christos A. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra , Hamilakis Stylianos , Detsi Anastasia
Published: October 2010

15 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared and tested for their antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities.