bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plurality Overload and the Compulsion to Regress: A Conversation through Questions
Authors: Brar Victor
Published: January 2019

In Teaching to Transgress, bell hooks (1994) writes: “When I first entered the multicultural, multiethnic, classroom setting I was unprepared. I did not know how to cope with so much ‘difference’. Despite progressive politics, and my deep engagement with the feminist movement, I had never before been compelled to work within a truly diverse setting and I lacked the necessary skills. It is difficult for many educators in the United States to conceptualize how the classroom will look when they are confronted with the demographics which indicate that ‘whiteness’ may cease to be the norm ethnicity in classroom settings on all levels. Hence, educators are poorly prepared when we actually confront diversity. This is why so many of us stubbornly cling to old patterns” (p. 41).

hooks’ thoughts accurately portray the struggle that I currently face with excessive plurality in my educational practice. Although she primarily refers to plurality in the cultural and ethnic sense, the plurality that I am concerned with is much broader in scope and in range. My class of twenty-five inner-city grade fours is not only diverse in terms of culture and ethnicity, but also in terms of learning preferences, languages, individualized academic programs, academic ability, physical ability, intellectual ability, emotional readiness, gender, individual motivation, socio-economic status, family situations, and parental involvement just to name a few. This picture becomes more complex when you consider that each individual student also possesses these traits in varying degrees. Much of the literature that I have read concerning diversity makes the general argument that students extract more meaning from an education that corresponds to their unique needs and validates their individuality. Although I agree with this argument, I am uncertain of how to make it happen in the practical sense given that there is so much diversity in my classroom. This situation causes me to feel that I am constantly thrust into a paralytic state of indecisiveness and unresponsiveness. The overload of plurality that I am faced with causes me to experience cognitive overload and therefore leaves me unable to process whose needs I should respond to now versus later, especially given that they are all urgent. Consequently, I feel as though I am unable to teach in a comprehensive, meaningful, and professional manner, but rather am forced out of a survivalist necessity to engage in a form of educational triage in which I manage to pay attention only to the immediate concerns of each student before quickly moving on to the next, without being able to address their larger educational picture.
Curriculum hidden: Contemplating more-than-human ethics
Authors: Beavington Lee
Published: January 2019

Homo sapiens rationalize their species’ uniqueness to justify anthropocentrism and self-interest towards nonhumans. Research and pedagogical practice such as mandatory dissection and animal experimentation, alongside mechanistic and atomistic assumptions deeply embedded in science curricula, reinforce the idea that nonhuman animals lack moral status. We need to devise and implement holistic, place-based curricula in our schools, where ethics are part of the conversation before students use nonhuman animals in their learning and research. Synergy and deep ecology can move us from exclusively biotic morality toward a more inclusive abiotic morality.
Willingness to pay for medical treatments in chronic diseases: a multicountry survey of patients and physicians
Authors: Audureau Etienne , Davis Ben , Besson Marie Hélène , Saba Joseph , Ladner Joël
Published: January 2019

Aim:
The objective was to investigate factors influencing patients’ willingness to pay (WTP) and physician’s views on the cost of therapy for two contrasted chronic diseases, chronic heart failure and psoriasis.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in ten developing countries, using a stated WTP contingent valuation method. Multivariate analyses were performed by linear regression.
Results:
Independent factors influencing patient WTP were income (+0.04 $PPP [purchasing power parity] in WTP per $PPP in monthly income; p < 0.001) and purchase of branded treatment for chronic heart failure therapy, and income, out-of-pocket treatment costs but also education level higher than secondary school (+115 $PPP in WTP comparatively to patients with none/primary school level; p = 0.008) for psoriasis therapy, suggesting the influence of sociopsychological factors in this disease.
Conclusion:
Disease-specific factors may affect WTP for treatment that should be accounted for to support effective public health programs in developing countries.
Análisis del impacto de la cooperación en ciencia y tecnología entre América del Norte y la Unión Europea. Paralelismos entre Hungría y México
Authors: Antal Fodroczy Edit
Published: January 2019

Se analiza el impacto de la cooperación en ciencia y tecnología (c + t) de Hungría en la Unión Europea y se hace un paralelismo con el caso de México en América del Norte. Ambos países han tenido la expectativa de beneficiarse de un derrame y flujo científico y tecnológico por pertenecer a una región de mayor nivel de desarrollo. Esto no ha ocurrido, o al menos no del todo, y el trabajo busca identificar los obstáculos. En el caso de Hungría, que incluso recibe una cantidad de recursos de la Unión Europea, se observa un retroceso en c + t. Se llega a la conclusión de que, entre otros elementos, se trata de factores internos en cada país, errores y carencias de la política económica, la educación y la migración de mano de obra calificada.
Single dose oral toxicity study of ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia in Wistar rats
Authors: Umamaheswar Rao O. , Chinna Eswaraiah M.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia, Family: Casuarinaceae in female Wistar Rats. The acute toxicity study was carried out based on Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 423. However, this plant safety evaluation data was not available so, selected the starting dose from 300 mg/kg body weight. The animals were orally administered a single dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and followed by 2000 mg/kg body weight in next step. Signs of toxicity and mortality were observed after 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 24h of administration of the extract and once daily for 14 days. There was no mortality in the tested animals and no abnormal clinical signs were observed related to test item. No abnormalities were detected in gross pathology observations in all the rats at both the dose levels. Based on observations of the present study, it can be concluded that the LD50 of ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia is greater than 2000mg/kg body weight and can be classified as Category 5; however, further studies are needed to confirm long term toxicities.

Keywords: Acute oral toxicity, ethanolic extract from inflorescence of Casuarina equisetifolia, LD50, OECD Test Guideline, Wistar Rat.
Management of Anidra through Ahara-Vihara, Natural Herbs and Shodhna Therapy: A Review
Authors: Chawardol Seema G , Jain Sapan , Khuje Sanjeev , Jain Jinesh Kumar
Published: January 2019

Ayurveda the science of healthy living deals with physical, mental and spiritual components of health. Ayurveda considered Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacarya as important parts of life for achieving goal of Swasthavritta. Nidra is a state of complete physical and mental relaxation of body which play vital role towards the good health status. There are some factors which may disturb physiology of Nidra leading to condition of sleeplessness/insomnia (Anidra). Anidra is abnormal physiological condition which greatly affects quality of life and this problem increasing day by day due to the enhanced level of stress, diversified environmental condition, disturb pattern of life style and bad dietary habits. It is very important for physician society to put focus attention to reduces prevalence of this issue. Ayurveda mentioned different therapeutic approaches for the management condition of insomnia including use of natural herbs, formulation, Shodhna Chikitsa and good conduction of Ahara-Vihara. Present article explored ayurveda view on Anidra along with its treatment modalities.  

Keywords: Ayurveda, Nidra, Anidra, Insomnia.
Computer system validation in the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Singh Asheesh , Singour Pradeep , Singh Parul
Published: January 2019

Computer Systems Validation (CSV) is a process used to ensure (and document) that a computer based systems will produce information or data that meet a set of defined requirements. If a system meets these requirements, it can be assumed that it is consistently performing in the way it was intended. Quality is an imperative for customers whenever they consider a product or service. It is also important as it relates to life-saving products such as pharmaceuticals. In this regard, the Food and Drug Administration introduced good manufacturing practice (GMP) to maintain and improve the quality of pharmaceutical products. GMP ensures that products are consistently produced and controlled according to the quality standards appropriate to the intended use and as required by the marketing authorization. One of the major GMP requirements is that all of the critical manufacturing equipment, utilities, and facilities in the pharmaceutical industries must be properly qualified and validated prior to production. Currently, this practice forms the core of the regulations that are strictly followed by pharmaceutical companies worldwide.  A validation assessment program is a necessity in the pharma industry to ensure adherence to pharmaceutical cGMP guidelines, and to help companies maintain consistent quality. The same principles are applied in computer system validation to a computer system or an information technology system. It’s essential to maintain quality standards in pharma since non-conformance can have far-reaching consequences. Computer system validation checks the effectiveness and the efficiency with which the system is meeting the purpose for which it was designed. This study aims to identify needs of computer system validation of instrument/equipment practiced in the perspective of pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords: Computer system validation, Validation, Qualification, GAMP
Study of the hyperglycemic condition in diseases of liver in non-obese clinical patients
Authors: Singh Chander Jeet , Kumar Dinesh
Published: January 2019

Hyperglycemia is best documented by Whipple´s triad: symptoms compatible with hypoglycemia, low blood glucose concentration and alleviation of symptoms after the glucose concentration is raised. In experimental studies in healthy adults, fifteen out of the 19 patients who developed hypoglycaemia on the fasts during MT were re-tested 3 to 4 months after cessation of therapy. Fasting tolerance had improved in all of them. It had become normal in 10 out of 15 patients (67%). In 5 patients, blood glucose levels still fell below 2.7 mmol/l (range 2.0 to 2.6 mmol/l) after 16 hours of fasting. However, none had any symptoms.

Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose, Glycolysis
Clinical potency of Patra-Pottali Sweda
Authors: Mukherjee Amit , Dwivedi O. P. , Jain Jinesh , Khuje . Sanjeev Madhukar Rao
Published: January 2019

Swedana Karma is one of the modality of ayurveda acts as Sthambhaghna (removal of stiffness), Gourvaghna (loss of heaviness of the body), Sheetaghana (loss of coldness in the body) and Swedkaraka (producing sweating in the body). Swedana is considered as Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa, one among the Shadupakarmas. It is employed to relieve symptoms like; Shula and Stambha associated with various diseases. Present article emphasized Patra Pottali Sweda (Ela Kizhi) which used to induce perspiration through heated pack of specific herbal leaves in the management of Upastambhita Vyadhi Avastha.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Swedana Karma, Patra Pottali Sweda, Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa.
Technology Overview and Current Biomedical Application of Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Faruk Abdul , Bedi Preet Mohinder Singh
Published: January 2019

Polymeric nanoparticle are of great importance in the treatment of various diseases, due to the flexibility in the  modification of their structures. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology facilitate the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. All the scientific efforts of the pharmaceuticals companies are mainly focusing on two basic aspects, one is to discover new molecules of potential therapeutic interest and second is to develop of a new drug delivery system. In the last few decades,  research and development (R&D) scientists has directed their efforts toward formulating novel drug delivery systems that includes sustained and controlled release, modified release and targeted drug release dosage forms. Application of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened several new possibilities in development of formulation This review compiles the different preparation methods of polymeric nanoparticles and then briefly explained their current potential applications.

Keywords: Polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA, Biomedical applications, Biodegradable, Dialysis method
Perspectives of Neer-Nirakkuri (colour of the urine) and diagnosis according to Saint Therar
Authors: Jeyavenkatesh J , Senthilvel G , Saravanapandian P , Rojaramani S , Karthikeyan A
Published: January 2019

The bioactive compounds and pH of the urine are the reason for dip and spike of its surface appearance. The colour variations relate on its primary and secondary metabolites due to the presence of bacterial reaction. The urine analysis may show a light on serious medical condition lurking unnoticed by us. The time to evolve the nature of the urine with its thousands of unique chemicals drained by the kidneys is the future scenario for cost effective diagnosis. According to Siddha philosophy urine is made up of appu bhutham (water element) like blood, semen, fat and bone marrow. The food stuffs are pancha bhutha (five elements) in nature which nourish all ezhu udarkattugal (the seven body constituents) for the functioning of subtle principles vali (vaadham), azhal (pittham) and iyam (kabham). The functional change of seven body constituents due to the derangement of intrinsic and extrinsic factors like diet, work, environmental change etc. cause vitiation mukkutram viz. vali, azhal and iyam making them deranged to develop various diseases.  Siddha literatures explain five different colours of urine. Every colour has further variants. Yellow colour urine has six variants, red colour urine has four variants, green colour urine has five variants, black colour urine has four variants and white colour urine has two variants. Colour of the urine and its interpretation is only the beginning to assess the severity of problem alerting an individual that something is wrong in metabolism or renal function. The colour of the urine is further correlated with food already had. The taste, sediments, smell, froth, mass are the various factors certainly considered for further evaluation. The colour of the urine and its relation with humour disorder and five elements would explore scope for future research cost effectively.

Keywords: Colour, Neerkuri, Nirakkuri, Therayar, Siddha marutthuva sudar, mukkutram, panchabhutham
Wound healing promoting activity of Earthworm, Eutyphoeus gammiei (Beddard): in vitro studies on human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCat).
Authors: Saha Susmita , Bhattacharjee Deepjyoti , Saha Anwesha , De Gahin , Saha Partha , Sil S K
Published: January 2019

Earthworm, Eutyphoeus gammiei, homogenate (EGH) was screened for wound healing activity on human keratinocyte cell line, HaCat, by cell proliferation and migration assays. The maximum proliferation and migration of keratinocyte cells were observed at the dose of 25μg/ml. As cell proliferation and migration are key factors for wound healing, the study clearly suggests the potential role of earthworm species Eutyphoeus gammiei on wound healing.

Keywords: Eutyphoeus gammiei, Keratinocyte, MTT assay, scratch assay.
In-vitro cytotoxicity of java tea mediated selenium nanoballs against L6 cell lines
Authors: Sivakumar Chitra , Jeganathan Karthikeyan
Published: January 2019

The emergence of Nanotechnology has provided a catholic research in recent years by intersecting with assorted branches of science and forming collision on all forms of life. At present there has been a prodigious excitement in the field of Nano pharmacology to seek the role of Nano selenium in individual healthcare and explains how selenium is a double edged sword in the pathologies of chronic diseases like Diabetes mellitus because of their inferior toxicity and ability to gradually release the bioactive principle and free selenium after ingestion. Thus the present study is an embryonic attempt and was aimed at the adroitful synthesis of selenium nanoballs from the aqueous extract of well known herbal tea leaves namely Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus)  using selenious acid solution. The synthesized Selenium nanoparticles were then subjected to various characterization techniques such as UV, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX and Zeta potential respectively. Finally the green synthesized SeNps were tested for their cytotoxic effect against L6 rat skeletal muscle cell lines. The pre clinical studies are underway to prove the insulin mimic activity of the selenium nanoparticles.

Keywords: Selenium Nanoparticles, Java tea, L6 cell lines.
Mini-Review: Nanotechnology Forms of Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Xingde
Published: January 2019

The work seeks to present nanotechnology forms of drug delivery and how it would improve treatment effects to patients. Nanotechnology forms of drug delivery not only offer many options for cancer patients using chemotherapeutic drugs, but it also has much more alternative uses and this review will seek to present data on the same.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, covalent conjugation, non-covalent encapsulation
Bacteriophages and their applications: general aspects and a new insight in Ethiopia
Authors: Nureye Dejen Yimam , Assefa Solomon , Mohammed Saladdin
Published: January 2019

Bacteriophages, having a variety of function in different disciplines, are viruses that invade bacterial cells. Phages are enormously essential to the ecology and evolution of bacteria, and have huge impacts on global weather patterns. Due to their easiness to manipulate, they have been used in dissimilar types of genetic analysis and also implemented in hydrological tracing. Modified filamentous bacteriophages can be used in the production of nanodevices and as an agent in extraction of triacylglycerols. While their invention over a decade, they have been subjugated mainly to treat infections caused by bacteria. Phage therapy could become a welcome option in this era with a paucity of new antibiotic to battle against multi-drug resistant pathogens. This enemy of bacteria can also be used to combat antimicrobial resistance. This annotation is tried to touch the current progress in bacteriophage research and applications including biocontrols, diagnostic purposes, drug innovation and new drug delivery systems. Regarding efforts made in Ethiopia, there is limited study on isolation of phage and their therapeutic potential. Antibiotic resistance is of major community health concern in Ethiopia. Hence, the idea of using bacteriophage should be taken into consideration and health professionals should have to show inclination towards phage therapy. Moreover, substantial academic efforts have to be made before approval of phage utilization in Ethiopia.
PENGARUH PROGRAM UPAYA KHUSUS PADI TERHADAP EFIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN PEMAYUNG KABUPATEN BATANGHARI
Authors: Apriliana Apriliana , Nainggolan Saidin , Fathoni Zakky
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Dampak program upsus terhadap peningkatan produksi usahatani padi sawah dan (2) Dampak program upsus terhadap efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah. Penelitian ini mengambil dua desa sampel yaitu Desa Lubuk Ruso dan Desa Selat yang ditentukan secara purposive dan menggunakan metode Simple Random Sampling dengan ukuran sampel upsus sebanyak 39 petani dan non-upsus sebanyak 36 petani. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dengan bantuan kuesioner. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode fungsi produksi Cobb Douglas dan Uji Chow. Pengukuran efisiensi teknis penggungaan input produksi usahatani padi sawah digunakan model Fungsi Produktivitas Khumbakar.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan teknologi usahatani tergolong tradisional. Produksi usahatani padi upsus 4.970 Kg/Ha dan non-upsus 2.147 Kg/Ha. Penggunaan input produksi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap produksi, baik program upsus maupun non-upsus. Secara parsial produksi usahatani padi sawah program upsus dipengaruhi secara sangat nyata oleh luas lahan, tenaga kerja, benih, pupuk KCL dan obat-obatan. Sedangkan pupuk organik berbeda nyata serta pupuk urea dan pupuk SP36 tidak berbeda nyata. Untuk usahatani non-upsus tingkat produksi dipengaruhi secara sangat nyata oleh benih dan pupuk SP36. Sedangkan luas lahan dan tenaga kerja berbeda nyata. Pupuk organik, pupuk urea, pupuk KCL dan obat-obatan tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil Uji Chow menunjukan bahwa model fungsi produksi usahatani upsus berbeda nyata dengan usahatani non-upsus. Hal ini berarti, program upsus berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan produksi. Nilai rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah program upsus sebesar 0,66 (66 %) dan besarnya inefisiensi teknis sebesar 0,34 (34 %) atau potensi peningkatan produksi masih tersedia sebanyak 34 %. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah program non-upsus sebesar 0,32 (32 %) dan besarnya inefisiensi teknis sebesar 0,68 (68 %) atau potensi peningkatan produksi masih tersedia sebanyak 68 %.
DESAIN MEDIA PENYULUHAN UNTUK PENYULUH PERTANIAN BERBASIS WEBSITE DI KECAMATAN BERBAK KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR
Authors: Nurfatiyah Pera , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk untuk mendapatkan desain media penyuluhan bagi penyuluh pertanian berbasis website tentang program percetakan sawah baru dan meningkatkan motivas penyuluh pertanian dalam memberikan materi penyuluhan kepada petani tentang program percetakan sawah baru di kecamatan Berbak kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur.Target yang akan dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan media penyuluhan yang dapat meningkatka motivasi penyuluh dalam memberikan penyuluhan dan sebagai alat bantu penyuluh dalam dalam kegiatan penyuluhan. Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (penelitian dan pengembangan) dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses atau langkah-langkah untuk mengembangkan suatu produk baru. Tahapan awal yaitu analisis dan perancangan media, tahapan pembuatan (pengembangan) dan tahapan evaluasi media. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik triangulasi yaitu data yang telah dikumpulkan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan analisis, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber yaitu mengumpulkan saran dan pendapat dari 2 orang tim penilai tentang media yang telah dirancang. Data ini akan digunakan untuk memperbaiki media yang akan digunakan oleh penyuluh dalam kegiatan penyuluhan. Desain uji coba media menggunakan Adobe Flash CS4 professional. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa Desain media penyuluhan berbasis website tentang program percetakan sawah baru untuk penyuluhan pertanian di kecamatan Berbak kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi penyuluh dalam memberikan penyuluhan adalah menggunakan gabungan teks, gambar, suara, grafik, warna dan animasi atau desain multimedia berbasis website. Fasilitas yang ada pada website menu beranda, program, informasi, kontak kami dan log in.
O DISCURSO DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE FÍSICA: Por uma escolha pela diferença
Authors: Dos Santos Mariana Fernandes , Alem Nathalia Helena , Dantas Junior Jorge Ferreira
Published: January 2019

O discurso didático que a escola vem construindo ao longo da história da educação brasileira tem em seu bojo o centralismo epistemológico eurocêntrico institucionalizado. Sendo assim, entendemos ser necessário a constante problematização em torno desses discursos na ação docente. Neste artigo, temos como objetivo analisar a forma como são discursivizadas a História e Cultura Afro-Brasileiras, Africanas, e Indígenas no discurso didático do livro de Física do Ensino Médio Integrado ao Técnico em uso no IFBA, campus Eunápolis. Realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica por meio da análise de um corpus constituído de materialidades advindas da coleção, Compreendendo a Física, Alberto Gaspar – 3. ed. –   São Paulo: Ática, 2016. Para isso mobilizamos a análise do discurso de linha francesa, as teorias fundantes desta pesquisa de perspectiva multicultural e decolonial, bem como discussões acerca do Livro Didático, esse aparato didático tão presente nas salas de aula e tão pouco consensual. Os resultados apontam que o discurso didático da coleção analisada, não se movimenta para a efetivação de fato da legislação específica do Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira na rede regular de educação básica. Por isso podemos afirmar que há necessidade de ampliação no plano conceitual e epistemológico do que significa construir uma proposta didática sob a perspectiva racial, que considere para o ensino de Física, as epistemologias africanas e indígenas que potencializam a descolonização deste artefato cultural.

Palavras-chave: Relações étnico-raciais. Livro didático. Descolonização. Discurso didático.
DIALÉTICA DA MEDICINA COMO POLITICA E DA POLÍTICA COMO MEDICINA: Sintonias bioéticas em passagens de Fanon
Authors: Queiroz Ivo Pereira de , Sganzerla Anor , Siqueira Cassandra Medeiros
Published: January 2019

Após a conclusão do curso de medicina psiquiátrica em Lyon, em 1951 (Geismar, 1972, p.59), Fanon (1925-1961) foi acolhido no hospital Saint Alban, para um aprofundamento dos estudos psiquiátricos, tendo ali, trabalhado e pesquisado sob a supervisão do psiquiatra espanhol Francesc Tosquelles (1912-1994), onde praticou os fundamentos da psicoterapia institucional, desenvolvida por Tosquelles e seus colaboradores naquele hospital. Mais tarde, na Argélia, Fanon atuou no hospital de Blida-Joinvile (entre outubro de 1953 e 1956) e, posteriormente, na Tunísia, introduzindo reformas, à luz da psicoterapia institucional. A concepção de ser humano que cultivava e a compreensão de que a sociedade doente produz pessoas doentes, levaram-no a um profundo conflito, à medida em que foi tomando consciência da violência do colonialismo francês contra o povo argelino, conforme relatou na carta de demissão que enviou ao Ministro Residente, Robert Lacoste, em 1956 (FANON, 1980). Após o pedido de demissão, adentrou o movimento de libertação da Argélia. Escreveu livros e artigos combatendo o colonialismo e difundindo os ideais revolucionários. Van Renssalaer Potter (1914-1994), por longo tempo atuou como biólogo e bioquímico no MacArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, na Universidade de Winsconsin, na cidade de Madison, onde doentes de câncer eram tratados. Na década de 1970, publicou um livro seminal, Bioética, ponte para o futuro. Anos depois, publicou estudos de Bioética Global. Mais tarde, articulou conceitos de Bioética Profunda. Preocupado com a sobrevivência humana neste planeta, atacado pela irresponsabilidade humana, Potter conclamou a humanidade à tomada de consciência e mudança de condutas. Comparando-se os dois autores, observa-se que os escritos de Fanon foram produzidos na década de 1950, sendo que seu último livro, Os Condenados da Terra, foi escrito em 1961. Potter, por sua vez, escreveu os primeiros estudos de bioética na década de 1970, cerca de uma década após o falecimento de Fanon. Respeitados os limites cronológicos, este estudo se pergunta: A dialética da medicina como política e da política como medicina, na práxis de Fanon, teria sintonias bioéticas?  Para enfrentar este problema, o trabalho contextualiza a formação de Fanon, identificando os princípios da práxis médico-psiquiátrica dele. Em seguida, demonstra-se as contradições do colonialismo, identificando uma dialética da medicina como política e da política como medicina. Adiante, informa-se a contribuição de Van Rensselaer Potter, na proposição da bioética. Finalmente, argumenta-se a favor das sintonias bioéticas presentes nas passagens selecionadas. O procedimento metodológico é a pesquisa bibliográfica, analítico-dedutiva.

Palavras-chave: Colonialismo. Consciência. Medicina. Política. Sintonias bioéticas.
ENCRUZILHADAS EPISTEMOLÓGICAS: “Acertando o conhecimento europeu ontem com uma pedra que atirei somente hoje”
Authors: De Santana Junior Humberto Manoel
Published: January 2019

As religiões de matriz africana foram e ainda são intensamente estudadas buscando compreender sobre o seu funcionamento, as relações construídas entre os fiéis, assim como entre os fiéis e as entidades. Essa sociedade, enquanto sociedade não-europeia, é estudada com base nos conhecimentos eurocêntricos, o que torna possível compreender as formas de abordagem do conhecimento universal sobre o Candomblé, colocando assim, o conhecimento Europeu como nativo. Dessa forma, sigo o caminho proposto pela antropóloga Marimba Ani, para pensar a roça de Candomblé e a herança africana, a partir das epistemologias oriundas do terreiro. Utilizo a poesia do ogan Wesley Correia, os pensadores negros em diáspora e os africanos enquanto uma encruzilhada de caminhos possíveis a ser construído em diálogo com o romance “O mundo se despedaça”, de Chinua Achebe para enriquecer a discussão de visão-de-mundo e produção de sentido.

Palavras-chave: Marimba Ani; encruzilhada; nativo; conhecimento universal; Wesley Correia.
O MATRIARCADO E O LUGAR SOCIAL DA MULHER EM ÁFRICA: Uma abordagem afrocentrada a partir de intelectuais africanos
Authors: De Oliveira Fernanda Chamarelli
Published: January 2019

O artigo pretende realizar um debate sobre os fatores sociais, culturais e históricos presentes nas sociedades africanas pré-coloniais que contribuíram para sua forma de organização matrilinear. Partindo da análise das obras de três autores africanos, sendo eles Cheik Anta Diop, Ifi Amadiume e Oyeronke Oyewumi, assim como realizando a partir da produção destes um debate historiográfico centrado na compreensão dos fatores presentes na organização social que conferiam um elevado status social e político às mulheres e o papel por elas exercido nas sociedades matrilineares africanas. Através da proposta deste debate, buscaremos compreender como as categorias de gênero e mulher estão presentes nestes discursos e as questões relacionadas ao uso de conceitos ocidentais em realidades diferentes, como no caso das sociedades africanas. Para levantar tais questionamentos, utilizaremos uma perspectiva afrocentrada, a fim de buscar análises e interpretações que visem demonstrar a centralidade do africano como sujeito de sua história e cultura.

Palavras-chave: Mulher; Gênero; Matrilinearidade; Matrifocalidade; Afrocentrismo.
EXPEDIENTE
Authors: Filho Natalino Perovano
Published: January 2019

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Enterovirus infection morbidity and peculiarities of nonpolio enteroviruses circulation on some territories of Russia in 2017
Authors: Romanenkova N. I. , Golitsyna L. N. , Bichurina M. A. , Rozaeva N. R. , Kanaeva O. I. , Zverev V. V. , Sozonov D. V. , Cherkasskaya I. V. , Kirillova L. P. , Ermakova M. V. , Kamynina L. S. , Petukhova M. B. , Gritsay A. B. , Novikova N. A.
Published: January 2019

Aim: Characteristics of enterovirus infection morbidity and study of peculiarities of enterovirus circulation on some territories of Russia in 2017. Materials and methods: We investigated more than 5000 samples from the patients with enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by virological method and by partial sequencing of the genome region VP1. Phylogenic trees were constructed according to the method of Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain. Results: Epidemic process and clinical picture of enterovirus infection were not the same on different territories. Peculiarities of the circulation of different types of enteroviruses on the territories were also different. In Saratov region 65% of cases were represented by enterovirus meningitis. In Murmansk region and in the Komi Republic enterovirus infection with exanthema prevailed, 95% and 60% correspondingly. In Saratov region enterovirus ECHO18 was the etiological agent of enterovirus meningitis. In Murmansk region and in the Komi Republic the cases were connected mainly with Coxsackieviruses A6. The strains of enterovirus ECHO18 were distributed to three clusters. The strains which provoked enterovirus meningitis in Saratov region belonged to cluster 3, they were formed separately from other strains of this enterovirus type and differed from the stains of ECHO18 which circulated in the North-West of Russia. The strains of Coxsackieviruses A6 identified in the North-West of Russia belonged to three sub-genotypes 5, 6, 8 of pandemic genotype of CoxsackievirusesA6. The majority of the strains belonged to sub-genotypes 6 and 8 which in 2017 dominated in the structure of Coxsackieviruses A6 in the North-West of Russia and in Russia. Conclusion: Epidemic peaks of enterovirus infection represented by different clinical forms of the disease were provoked by different types of enteroviruses. Enterovirus ECHO18 was the etiological agent of enterovirus meningitis. The main etiological factors of enterovirus infection with exanthema were Coxsackieviruses A6 of different sub-genotypes.
Clinico-laboratory and immunological characteristics of patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver in the outcome of chronic hepatitis C on the background of treatment with a direct antiviral drug paritrapeprir/ritonavir/ombitasvir/ dasabuvir
Authors: Popova L. L. , Konstantinov D. Yu. , Strebkova Ye. A. , Vasiliev S. Yu. , Konstantinova Ye. A. , Golik O. O. , Kindalova Ye. S. , Novikova A. F.
Published: January 2019

Goal. Paritrapeprir / ritonavir / ombitasvir / dasabuvir on the clinical and laboratory parameters, including thesubpopulation composition of lymphocytes, in patients with compensated cirrhosis in the outcome of chronic hepatitis C. Materials and methods. The study included patients with compensated liver cirrhosis class A (no more than 6 on the Child – Turcotte – Pugh scale), in the outcome of chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1b (group 1, n = 28). The comparison group (group 2, n = 25) consisted of patients comparable in terms of gender and main study parameters, not receiving antiviral therapy. Results. A stable virologic response was 96,8%. There were no serious adverse events requiring treatment reversal. As a result of treatment, there was a disappearance or a significant decrease in the severity of asthenovegetative and dyspeptic syndromes, a reduction in liver size, an improvement in liver functional parameters (biochemical response), and normalization of the balance of the cellular immunity by increasing CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + – CD16 + lymphocyte counts. The conclusion. Etiotropic therapy with paritrapeprir /ritonavir / ombitasvir / dasabuvir is well tolerated by patients with compensated cirrhosis in the outcome of chronic hepatitis C, has high efficacy, positively influences the dynamics of clinical manifestations, and also helps reduce the imbalance of the cellular immunity.
Solvent-deficient synthesis of nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ powder
Authors: Zeljkovic Sasa , Miyawaki Jin , Vrankovic Dragoljub , Tervoort Elena , Hauert Roland , Kotegawa Toru , Ivas Toni
Published: January 2019

Nanocrystalline Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? powders were prepared by a
cost-effective solvent-deficient method using metal nitrates and ammonium
bicarbonate as precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface
determination (BET), thermal analyses (TG-DTA-DSC), dynamic light scattering
(DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the
effects of the calcination temperature on the Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-?
(BSCF) formation. XRD analysis showed that a cubic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-?
was obtained after heating for 1 h at 1000?C. BSCF nanocrystals with a
diameter of about 25 nm were obtained. On the other hand, the sample mass
was stabilized at 915?C as recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TG),
indicating a formation of the complex BSCF oxide already at this
temperature. The phase transformations during the synthesis of BSCF oxide
are defined and confirmed with the note on the instability of the cubic
phase. Using the four-point DC measurements between ?73?C and 127?C, the
band gap of 0.84 eV was determined. The solvent-deficient method used in
this study to synthesize Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? showed distinct advantages
in comparison with other synthesis techniques considering simplicity, rapid
synthesis, and quality of the produced nanocrystals.
Principles of drug therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: from evidence-based medicine to practice
Authors: Pshennikov D. S. , Angotoeva I. B.
Published: January 2019

The problem of treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is extremely important due to high prevalence of the disease. According to statistical data the ARS affects from 6% to 15% of population and does not show any tendency to reduction. These figures are associated with a high rate of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) which directly leads to rhinosinusitis. But, however, despite the fact that practically every individual experiences from 2 to 5 episodes of ARVI every year, only 0.5-2% of them are complicated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). Despite this low percentage of bacterial infection, in 80% of cases systemic antibacterial treatment is prescribed which further worsens the problem of bacterial resistance in the world. The main difficulty in determination of therapeutic approach to ABRS is associated with absence of reliable methods of differential diagnostics of viral and bacterial etiology of the disease. Because of low sensitivity and specificity, none of additional visualization methods of ABRS diagnosing such as radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography, can be used as a routine laboratory method. Thus, the main method of differential diagnostics of viral and bacterial ARS remains analysis of clinical data which leads to a high rate of diagnostic errors and to polypragmacy.
Nowadays there exists a wide range of medications for treatment of ABRS in the pharmacological market. The choice of therapeutic approach by our international colleagues is mostly based on the requirements of evidence-based medicine. Russian scientists, besides evidence-based medicine principles take into account the pathogenesis of the disease.
In this article different groups of medications for treatment of ABRS are presented. Some of them do not meet the requirements of evidence-based medicine so far, but they are included to the Russian standards and are used for management of ABRS.
Distribution of nadph-diaphorase positive structures of olfactory bulb of rats in ontogenesis
Authors: Varentsov V. E. , Rumyanceva T. A. , Myasishcheva T. S.
Published: January 2019

Aim: to identify peculiarities of distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive structures in olfactory bulbs of rats of different age.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 22 white male rats. The object of research was olfactory bulbs of newborn rats – 1-3 days, suckling period – 7, 14, 21 days, infantile – 30 days, juvenile – 60, and mature – 180 days. The study was conducted on cryostat serial sections of olfactory bulbs (20 µm). Nitroxidergic structures were identified by histochemical labelling of NADPH-d (by Hope method). In a standard section, the area of NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells (100 in each case), surface area of glomeruli, the number of positive neurons surrounding a glomerulus, were measured.
Results. In result of study it was found that in the olfactory bulb of rats of the studied age only groups of superficial and deep short-axon neurons and periglomerular neurons showed positivity to NADPH-d. The end product of reaction was distributed in somas and extensions of a part of cells with the density of distribution depending on the layer of the olfactory bulb and on the age of animals. Besides, positivity to the enzyme was also found in the central parts of glomeruli with distribution of diaphorase depending not on age, but rather on localization of glomeruli.
Conclusion. Age-related transformations of positive subpopulation of neurons of olfactory bulb indicate active participation of NO in the processes of postnatal differentiation, growth and development of olfactory bulb.
Morphological illustration of alterations in the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injuries
Authors: Pshennikov Alexander S. , Deev Roman V.
Published: January 2019

Background. Reperfusion syndrome is an inevitable event in recovery of the blood flow after a longstanding ischemia. The article is dedicated to the study of the expressiveness of this condition.
Aim – to compare the depth of morphological alterations of the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injury in experiment.
Materials and Мethods. The work was conducted on 90 laboratory animals – rats of Wistar line. Models of ischemia and reperfusion were obtained by compression of the abdominal part of the aorta (1st group) with further conditioning (2nd group). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment and the vessel wall was taken on the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th day. Preparations were studied in a transmission electron microscope «Libra 120» with automatic scanning of images.
Results. Comparison of pathomorphological data obtained in examination of the aortas and iliac arteries of the two groups of animals («ischemia» and «reperfusion») showed that the cascade of pathomorphological changes includes several main stages. Transient ischemia leads to injury (alteration) of the main components of the vessel wall. Under action of this factor endotheliocytes exhibit a nonspecific response changing their synthetic activity that was manifested by a complex of morphological signs in the nucleus, karyolemma, cytoplasm and plasmalemma. In some cells the changes took an irreversible character and were accompanied by rupture of mitochondrial membranes, of general purpose organelles and of plasmalemma. Such endotheliocytes died and were desquamated. Because of short duration of ischemia these changes were insignificant. Subendothelial structures underwent edema which is logical in view of derangement of the barrier function of the epithelium and presence of a mild inflammatory component (in response to death of a part of endotheliocytes and cells of the vascular wall stroma). Examination of the ultrastructure of the vessel wall in the ischemiareperfusion group revealed adaptive and pathological changes in the endothelial cells. Data were obtained that evidence a significant disorder in microhemodynamics in tissues in reperfusion.
Conclusion. No significant structural and ultrastructural differences in injuries and reactive changes in «ischemia» and «reperfusion» groups were found. In view of this, for subtle differentiation of pathomorphogenesis of these two conditions it is reasonable to use examination methods with higher resolution.
The effect of arginine on the activity and compartmentalization of lysosomal cysteine proteinases of parenchymatous organs in oxidative stress on the background of experimental hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Fomina Maria A. , Terent'ev Alexander A.
Published: January 2019

Aim. Evaluation of the effect of arginine on the activity and intracellular distribution of cathepsins B, L, H in liver, kidney and lung tissue in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia and developing on its background oxidative damage of proteins.
Materials and Methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia in male rats of the Wistar line was formed by daily oral administration of a suspension of methionine at a dose of 1.5 g/kg 2 times a day for 21 days, to study the action of arginine the substance was used orally from 12 to 21 days of methionine administration at a dose of 500 mg/kg. In tissue homogenates measurements were carried out in cytoplasmic and lysosomal fractions. The state of oxidative modification of proteins was evaluated by analysis of the absorption spectrum of carbonyl derivatives, the activity of cathepsins B, L, H was determined by spectrofluorometric method, the activity of acid phosphatase – by the unified method «at the end point».
Results. In the cytoplasmic (nonsedimentary) fraction of the liver and kidney reduced activity of cathepsin L (in both tissues), cathepsin B (in the kidney), cathepsin H (in the liver) was found on the background of the increase in the products of proteins oxidative modification in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. The introduction of arginine in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia completely eliminated the manifestations of oxidative damage of proteins, partially correcting the activity of enzymes: there was an increase in the activity in non sedimentary (cytoplasmic) fraction due to intracellular redistribution of enzymes. There is found inverse correlation between the content of oxidative carbonylation products of proteins and the activity of cathepsins in the non sedimentary fraction, as well as the proportion of their non sedimentary activity.
Conclusions. 1. Arginine at a dose of 500 mg/kg at a 10day administration completely corrects the increase in the products of oxidative protein carbonylation that develops in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. 2. Under the influence of arginine there is an increase in the reduced due to isolated hyperhomocysteinemia activity of cathepsins B, L, H in the cytoplasmic fraction of the liver and kidney due to intracellular redistribution of enzymes. 3. Arginine administration causes nonselective increase of the lysosomal membrane permeability, and as a result, changes in the compartmentalization of lysosomal cysteine proteases. 4. The inverse correlation of the level of protein oxidative modification products with the activity of cathepsins in cytoplasmic (nonsedimentary) fractions, and the proportions of their nonsedimentary activity, suggesting the presence of contribution of changes in the compartmentalization of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in developing under the action of arginine compensation of oxidative stress in experimental hyperhomocysteinemia.