bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of venous thromboembolism or hemorrhage among individuals with chronic kidney disease on prophylactic anticoagulant after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Fei , Grubic Nicholas , Carrier Marc , Canney Mark , Delluc Aurélien , Hundemer Gregory L. , Knoll Gregory , Lazo‐Langner Alejandro , Massicotte‐Azarniouch David , Tanuseputro Peter , Sood Manish M.
Published: June 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) confers a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding. However, little evidence exists regarding the optimal choice of postoperative thromboprophylaxis in these patients. We conducted a population‐based, retrospective cohort study among adults ≥66 years old with CKD undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty who had filled an outpatient prophylactic anticoagulant prescription between 2010 and 2020 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcomes of venous thrombosis (VTE) and hemorrhage were identified by validated algorithms using relevant diagnoses and billing codes. Overlap‐weighted cause‐specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) on the 90‐day risk of VTE and hemorrhage compared with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH). A total of 27  645 patients were prescribed DOAC (N = 22  943) or LMWH (N = 4702) after arthroplasty. Rivaroxaban was the predominant DOAC (94.5%), while LMWH mainly included enoxaparin (67%) and dalteparin (31.5%). DOAC users had higher eGFRs, fewer co‐morbidities, and surgery in more recent years compared to LMWH users. After weighing, DOAC (compared with LMWH) was associated with a lower risk of VTE (DOAC: 1.5% vs. LMWH: 2.1%, weighted hazard ratio [HR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.94) and a higher risk of hemorrhage (DOAC: 1.3% vs. LMWH: 1.0%, weighted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.99). Additional analyses including a more stringent VTE defining algorithm, different eGFR cut‐offs, and limiting to rivaroxaban and enoxaparin showed consistent findings. Among elderly adults with CKD, DOAC was associated with a lower VTE risk and a higher hemorrhage risk compared to LMWH following hip or knee arthroplasty.
Recent Progress in Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of Alkynes for the Construction of Indole Frameworks
Authors: Das Suven
Published: June 2023

Indole heterocycles hold an important position in chemical landscape because of their prominence in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Consequently, development of new and efficient strategies to access indole scaffold are of continuous interest. For the past few years, gold‐catalyzed activation of alkyne has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing the heterocyclic skeleton. The present review highlights recent advances (2018–2023) toward synthesis of indole skeletons via gold‐catalyzed annulations of alkynes. A variety of alkynes, such as, ynamides, azido alkynes, ortho‐alkynyl anilines, propargylic alcohols, ortho‐alkynyl phenylimines, and miscellaneous alkynes are employed affording various indole architectures under gold catalysis. Moreover, mechanisms are included in most of the cases for better understanding of the reaction pathway.
Transient intussusception – What the sonographer needs to know
Authors: Necas Martin , Thomas Stacey , Prout Kara
Published: June 2023

Intussusception is typically considered an acute emergency; however, the increased utilisation of medical imaging has revealed that intussusceptions can also be transient, asymptomatic and possibly physiologic. Sonographers should be aware of three categories of intussusceptions: (i) persistent intussusceptions resulting in acute abdomen and requiring urgent intervention, (ii) transient symptomatic intussusceptions which may be amenable to a ‘wait‐and‐see’ strategy and (iii) transient asymptomatic intussusceptions which almost always involve the small bowel. In particular, the incidental discovery of enteroenteric intussusceptions in children should not be confused with acute pathology. In adults, sonographers should be mindful of the frequent presence of pathological lead points and further investigations may be warranted. In this literature review, we provide an overview of transient intussusceptions, highlight important differences between children and adults and describe sonographic appearances of various intussusceptions and their mimics.
Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species
Authors: Fuchs Timo , Briega‐Martos Valentín , Drnec Jakub , Stubb Natalie , Martens Isaac , Calle‐Vallejo Federico , Harrington David A. , Cherevko Serhiy , Magnussen Olaf M.
Published: June 2023

The degradation of Pt‐containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high‐energy surface X‐ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic‐scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe‐like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe‐like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential‐independent after the stripe‐like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
Electrochemical Activation of Nitromethane to Construct Isoxazoline Aldoximes
Authors: Ji Shuaiyu , Zhao Lixing , Miao Bingyang , Xue Meng , Pan Tao , Shao Zhichao , Zhou Xin , Fu Aiping , Zhang Yuexia
Published: June 2023

Activation of nitromethane to endow new reactivity is an interesting and meaningful but also challenging topic. Herein, we report an electrochemical activation of nitromethane to serve as both the heterocyclic skeleton and oxime sources for the construction of isoxazoline aldoximes. The isoxazoline aldoximes that are prepared by four steps with the reported strategy are synthesized in a single step from low‐cost and readily available nitromethane and olefins with moderate to excellent yields under our electrochemical conditions. The reaction also takes advantage of high atom‐economy and E‐selectivity. Moreover, the mechanism is studied by control experiments, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) study, cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The mechanistic results reveal that nitromethane may be activated under electrochemical conditions to deliver a 1,2,5‐oxadiazole 2‐oxide intermediate, which undergoes [3+2] cycloaddition with olefins to yield isoxazoline aldoximes.
Reticular Synthesis of Metal‐Organic Frameworks by 8‐Connected Quadrangular Prism Ligands for Water Harvesting
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Wu Enyu , Yu Baoqiu , Liu Zhixin , Wang Kang , Qi Dongdong , Li Bin , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: June 2023

Utilization of rigid, highly connected organic linkers is critical for the reticular synthesis of functional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). However, highly‐stable MOFs (e.g. Al/Cr/Zr‐based MOFs) based on rigid ligands with more than 6 coordinating functions have been rarely achieved thus far. Herein, we describe the construction of two bcu Zr‐based MOFs (named ZrMOF‐1 and ZrMOF‐2) from peripherally extended pentiptycene ligands (H8PEP‐1 and H8PEP‐2) with rigid quadrangular prism shape possessing 8 carboxylic groups at the prism vertices. Particularly, ZrMOF‐1 exhibits microporous structure with large Bruno‐Emmett‐Teller surface area and high water stability, endowing it a promising water harvesting material with a high water uptake capacity of 0.83 gH2O gMOF−1 at P/P0=0.90 and 25 °C, a steep uptake at a low P/P0 of 0.30, and excellent durability over 500 water adsorption‐desorption cycles. Moreover, self‐consistent charge density functional tight‐binding calculations were carried out, rationalizing the water adsorbing process and amount in ZrMOF‐1.
Versatile Biocatalytic C(sp3)−H Oxyfunctionalization for the Site‐ Selective and Stereodivergent Synthesis of α‐ and β‐Hydroxy Acids
Authors: Mao Yingle , Zhang Weijie , Fu Zunyun , Liu Yanqiong , Chen Lin , Lian Xin , Zhuo Dan , Wu Jiewei , Zheng Mingyue , Liao Cangsong
Published: June 2023

C(sp3)−H oxyfunctionalization, the insertion of an O‐atom into C(sp3)−H bonds, streamlines the synthesis of complex molecules from easily accessible precursors and represents one of the most challenging tasks in organic chemistry with regard to site and stereoselectivity. Biocatalytic C(sp3)−H oxyfunctionalization has the potential to overcome limitations inherent to small‐molecule‐mediated approaches by delivering catalyst‐controlled selectivity. Through enzyme repurposing and activity profiling of natural variants, we have developed a subfamily of α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent iron dioxygenases that catalyze the site‐ and stereodivergent oxyfunctionalization of secondary and tertiary C(sp3)−H bonds, providing concise synthetic routes towards four types of 92 α‐ and β‐hydroxy acids with high efficiency and selectivity. This method provides a biocatalytic approach for the production of valuable but synthetically challenging chiral hydroxy acid building blocks.
Observation of Confinement‐Free Neutral Group Three Transition Metal Carbonyls Sc(CO)7 and TM(CO)8 (TM=Y, La)
Authors: Wang Chong , Tian Chang‐Yi , Zhao Ya , Jiang Shuai , Wang Tiantong , Zheng Huijun , Yan Wenhui , Li Gang , Xie Hua , Li Jun , Hu Han‐Shi , Yang Xueming , Jiang Ling
Published: June 2023

Spectroscopic characterization of neutral highly‐coordinated compounds is essential in fundamental and applied research, but has been proven to be a challenging experimental target because of the difficulty in mass selection. Here, we report the preparation and size‐specific infrared‐vacuum ultraviolet (IR‐VUV) spectroscopic identification of group‐3 transition metal carbonyls Sc(CO)7 and TM(CO)8 (TM=Y, La) in the gas phase, which are the first confinement‐free neutral heptacarbonyl and octacarbonyl complexes. The results indicate that Sc(CO)7 has a C2v structure and TM(CO)8 (TM=Y, La) have a D4h structure. Theoretical calculations predict that the formation of Sc(CO)7 and TM(CO)8 (TM=Y, La) is both thermodynamically exothermic and kinetically facile in the gas phase. These highly‐coordinated carbonyls are 17‐electron complexes when only those valence electrons that occupy metal−CO bonding orbitals are considered, in which the ligand‐only 4b1u molecular orbital is ignored. This work opens new avenues toward the design and chemical control of a large variety of compounds with unique structures and properties.
Insights into Anion‐Solvent Interactions to Boost Stable Operation of Ether‐Based Electrolytes in Pure‐SiOx||LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Full Cells
Authors: Tian Yi‐Fan , Tan Shuang‐Jie , Lu Zhuo‐Ya , Xu Di‐Xin , Chen Han‐Xian , Zhang Chao‐Hui , Zhang Xu‐Sheng , Li Ge , Zhao Yu‐Ming , Chen Wan‐Ping , Xu Quan , Wen Rui , Zhang Juan , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: June 2023

Ether solvents with superior reductive stability promise excellent interphasial stability with high‐capacity anodes while the limited oxidative resistance hinders their high‐voltage operation. Extending the intrinsic electrochemical stability of ether‐based electrolytes to construct stable‐cycling high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries is challenging but rewarding. Herein, the anion‐solvent interactions were concerned as the key point to optimize the anodic stability of the ether‐based electrolytes and an optimized interphase was realized on both pure‐SiOx anodes and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes. Specifically, the small‐anion‐size LiNO3 and tetrahydrofuran with high dipole moment to dielectric constant ratio realized strengthened anion‐solvent interactions, which enhance the oxidative stability of the electrolyte. The designed ether‐based electrolyte enabled a stable cycling performance over 500 cycles in pure‐SiOx||LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cell, demonstrating its superior practical prospects. This work provides new insight into the design of new electrolytes for emerging high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries through the regulation of interactions between species in electrolytes.
Supramolecular Control of the Oxidative Addition as a Way To Improve the Catalytic Efficiency of Pincer‐Rhodium (I) Complexes
Authors: Martínez‐Vivas Sebastián , Poyatos Macarena , Peris Eduardo
Published: June 2023

1H NMR studies using a cationic complex with a pyridine‐di‐imidazolylidene pincer ligand of formula [Rh(CNC)(CO)]+ revealed that this compound showed high binding affinity with coronene in CH2Cl2. The interaction between coronene and the planar RhI complex is established by means of π‐stacking interactions. This interaction has a strong impact on the electron‐donating strength of the pincer CNC ligand, which is increased significantly, as demonstrated by the shifting of the ν(CO) stretching bands to lower frequencies. The addition of coronene increases the reaction rate of the nucleophilic attack of methyl iodide on the rhodium (I) pincer complex, and also has a positive effect on the performance of the complex as a catalyst in the cycloisomerization of 4‐pentynoic acid. These findings highlight the importance of supramolecular interactions for tuning the reactivity and catalytic activity of square‐planar metal complexes.
Detection of Bacterial Neutral Ceramidase in Diabetic Foot Ulcers with an Optimized Substrate and Chemoenzymatic Probes
Authors: Zou Jiao Xia , Chua Wisely , Ser Zheng , Wang Shi Mei , Chiang Grace Shu Hui , Sanmugam Kavitha , Tan Boon Yeow , Sobota Radoslaw M. , Li Hao
Published: June 2023

Ceramidases (CDases) are important in controlling skin barrier integrity by regulating ceramide composition and affording downstream signal molecules. While the functions of epidermal CDases are known, roles of neutral CDases secreted by skin‐residing microbes are undefined. Here, we developed a one‐step fluorogenic substrate, S‐B, for specific detection of bacterial CDase activity and inhibitor screening. We identified a non‐hydrolyzable substrate mimic, C6, as the best hit. Based on C6, we designed a photoaffinity probe, JX‐1, which efficiently detects bacterial CDases. Using JX‐1, we identified endogenous low‐abundance PaCDase in a P. aeruginosa monoculture and in a mixed skin bacteria culture. Harnessing both S‐B and JX‐1, we found that CDase activity positively correlates with the relative abundance of P. aeruginosa and is negatively associated with wound area reduction in clinical diabetic foot ulcer patient samples. Overall, our study demonstrates that bacterial CDases are important regulators of skin ceramides and potentially play a role in wound healing.
Universal Sub‐Nanoreactor Strategy for Synthesis of Yolk‐Shell MoS2 Supported Single Atom Electrocatalysts toward Robust Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Gong Feilong , Liu Yuheng , Zhao Yang , Liu Wei , Zeng Guang , Wang Guoqing , Zhang Yonghui , Gong Lihua , Liu Jian
Published: June 2023

The coordination structure determines the electrocatalytic performances of single atom catalysts (SACs), while it remains a challenge to precisely regulate their spatial location and coordination environment. Herein, we report a universal sub‐nanoreactor strategy for synthesis of yolk‐shell MoS2 supported single atom electrocatalysts with dual‐anchored microenvironment of vacancy‐enriched MoS2 and intercalation carbon toward robust hydrogen‐evolution reaction. Theoretical calculations reveal that the “E‐Lock” and “E‐Channel” are conducive to stabilize and activate metal single atoms. A group of SACs is subsequently produced with the assistance of sulfur vacancy and intercalation carbon in the yolk‐shell sub‐nanoreactor. The optimized C−Co−MoS2 yields the lowest overpotential (η10=17 mV) compared with previously reported MoS2‐based electrocatalysts to date, and also affords a 5–9 fold improvement in activity even comparing with those as‐prepared single‐anchored analogues. Theoretical results and in situ characterizations unveil its active center and durability. This work provides a universal pathway to design efficient catalysts for electro‐refinery.
Conformational Kinetics in Chiral Poly(diphenylacetylene)s: A Dynamic P/M Memory Effect
Authors: Tarrío Juan José , Rodríguez Rafael , Crassous Jeanne , Quiñoá Emilio , Freire Félix
Published: June 2023

Dynamic P/M (plus/minus) helical memory in chiral dissymmetric poly(diphenylacetylene)s (PDPA) is shown using a PDPA that bears the benzamide of (L)‐alanine methyl ester as pendant. For a single chiral polymer, it is possible to obtain either P or M helical structures in a specific solvent without the presence of any chiral external stimuli. To do that, it is necessary to combine the conformational control at the pendant group with a high steric hindrance at the backbone. In this case, by thermal annealing in low‐polar solvents, an anti‐conformer is stabilized at the pendant which commands a P helix in the PDPA. Next, solvent removal followed by addition of a polar solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), results in the kinetic conformationally trapped P helix. However, in this medium, the preferred handedness and the thermodynamic macromolecular helix for poly‐(L)‐1 is M. This process also occurs in the opposite way. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) studies show that the dynamic memory effect is present both in ground and excited states.
Interface‐Anchored Covalent Organic Frameworks@Amino‐Modified Ti3C2Tx MXene on Nylon 6 Film for High‐Performance Deformable Supercapacitors
Authors: Feng Mengyue , Zhang Yang , Zhu Xiaolin , Chen Wenxing , Lu Wangyang , Wu Guan
Published: June 2023

Designing deformable supercapacitors (D‐SCs) that have robust skeleton and smoothly active channels for charges kinetic migration and faradic storage are highly crucial for wearable systems. Here, we develop the high‐performance D‐SCs made of the covalent organic frameworks(COF)@amino‐modified Ti3C2Tx deposited on decorated nylon 6 (DPA) film (COF@N‐Ti3C2Tx/DPA) via layer‐by‐layer fabrication. The hierarchical COF@N‐Ti3C2Tx/DPA exhibits admirable specific capacitance, rate performance and cycling stability in three‐electrode system due to the superior H+ storage property and large interfacial charge transfer clarified by density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the solid‐state D‐SCs deliver favourable energy density and practical energy‐supply applications. Particularly, the solid‐state D‐SCs present high deformable stabilities, with regard to 80.7, 80.6 and 83.4 % capacitance retention after 5000 bending cycles, 2000 stretching cycles and 5000 folding cycles, separately.
EPA and DHA in microalgae: Health benefits, biosynthesis, and metabolic engineering advances
Authors: Jesionowska Monika , Ovadia Justin , Hockemeyer Katelyn , Clews Alyssa C. , Xu Yang
Published: June 2023

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are ω‐3 very long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC‐PUFAs) that offer a wide range of human health benefits impacting cardiovascular, anti‐inflammatory, and neurological health. It is widely known that humans inefficiently synthesize these compounds and as such rely on exogenous dietary sources, such as marine fish oils. Unfortunately, the production of marine fish oils is an unsustainable process and has suffered a dramatic fall in recent years due to overfishing and climate change, as the demand for EPA and DHA continues to rise. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative, sustainable sources for consumable EPA and DHA. Metabolic engineering of marine microalgae to improve their EPA and DHA productivity is regarded as a promising option that has received increasing commercial attention in recent years. In this mini‐review, we describe several notable health benefits of EPA and DHA, summarize the natural sources and biosynthesis of VLC‐PUFAS, as well as the recent advances in metabolic engineering of EPA and DHA production in representative microalgal and protist species, including Schizochytrium sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Nannochloropsis oceanica.
Structural analyses of silk fibroins based on the structures of oligoalanine, and periodic oligopeptides of L‐alanine and glycine using x‐ray diffraction and 13C solid‐state NMR methods
Authors: Asakura Tetsuo , Naito Akira
Published: June 2023

The structures of (A)12, (AAAG)7, (AAG)10, (AG)15, and (AGG)10 were determined using x‐ray diffraction and 13C sold‐state NMR methods after different solvent treatments to obtain knowledge about the structural changes of silk fibroins (SFs) from Samia cynthia ricini (S.c.ricini) and Bombyx mori (B. mori). Three solvent treatments were performed: precipitation from dialysis of LiSCN (LiSCN/Dialysis) or LiBr (LiBr/Dialysis) aqueous solutions, and drying from formic acid (FA) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solutions. (AAAG)7 and (AAG)10 as models of S.c.ricini SF, formed antiparallel β‐sheet structure with staggered packing configuration and did not change after LiSCN/Dialysis or LiBr/Dialysis and FA treatments. (AGG)10 formed 31 helix structure and did not change with these solvent treatments either. On the other hand, (AG)15 as model of B. mori SF formed Silk I (type II β‐turn) structure after LiBr/Dialysis treatment and Silk II (lamellar packing) structure after FA treatment. Especially, B. mori SF seems useful for biomaterials.
Shaping eukaryotic epigenetic systems by horizontal gene transfer
Authors: Arkhipova Irina R. , Yushenova Irina A. , Rodriguez Fernando
Published: June 2023

DNA methylation constitutes one of the pillars of epigenetics, relying on covalent bonds for addition and/or removal of chemically distinct marks within the major groove of the double helix. DNA methyltransferases, enzymes which introduce methyl marks, initially evolved in prokaryotes as components of restriction‐modification systems protecting host genomes from bacteriophages and other invading foreign DNA. In early eukaryotic evolution, DNA methyltransferases were horizontally transferred from bacteria into eukaryotes several times and independently co‐opted into epigenetic regulatory systems, primarily via establishing connections with the chromatin environment. While C5‐methylcytosine is the cornerstone of plant and animal epigenetics and has been investigated in much detail, the epigenetic role of other methylated bases is less clear. The recent addition of N4‐methylcytosine of bacterial origin as a metazoan DNA modification highlights the prerequisites for foreign gene co‐option into the host regulatory networks, and challenges the existing paradigms concerning the origin and evolution of eukaryotic regulatory systems.
Beyond traditional therapy: Mucoadhesive polymers as a new frontier in oral cancer management
Authors: Das Subhayan , Bhattacharya Koushik , Blaker Jonny J. , Singha Nikhil K. , Mandal Mahitosh
Published: June 2023

In recent times mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are gaining popularity in oral cancer. It is a malignancy with high global prevalence. Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutics, improving the prognosis of late‐stage oral cancer remains challenging. Targeted therapy using mucoadhesive polymers can improve oral cancer patients' overall outcome by offering enhanced oral mucosa bioavailability, better drug distribution and tissue targeting, and minimizing systemic side effects. Mucoadhesive polymers can also be delivered via different formulations such as tablets, films, patches, gels, and nanoparticles. These polymers can deliver an array of medicines, making them an adaptable drug delivery approach. Drug delivery techniques based on these mucoadhesive polymers are gaining traction and have immense potential as a prospective treatment for late‐stage oral cancer. This review examines leading research in mucoadhesive polymers and discusses their potential applications in treating oral cancer.
The impact of humor therapy on people suffering from depression or anxiety: An integrative literature review
Authors: Sun Xuefeng , Zhang Jindan , Wang Yidan , Zhang Xiaotu , Li Sixuan , Qu Zihan , Zhang Hongshi
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To identify and synthesize existing research on the effectiveness and feasibility of multiform humor therapy on people suffering from depression or anxiety, with the hope of benefiting future research.

Methods

An integrative literature review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies was performed. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched up to March 2022. Two independent reviewers conducted each stage of the review process, by assessing eligibility using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and data extraction.

Results

In this integrative review, 29 papers were included, containing 2964 participants across a diverse range of studies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The articles were from the United States, Australia, Italy, Turkey, South Korea, Iran, Israel, China, and Germany. The findings indicated that most of the subjects thought humor therapy was effective in improving depression and anxiety while a few participants considered the effect insignificant. However, more high‐quality studies will be needed to confirm these conclusions.

Discussion

This review collated and summarized findings from studies examining the impact of humor therapy (medical clowns, laughter therapy/yoga) on people with depression or anxiety, including children undergoing surgery or anesthesia, older people in nursing homes, patients with Parkinson's disease, cancer, mental illness, and undergoing dialysis, retired women, and college students. The results from this review may help inform future research, policy, and practice in humor therapy to improve people's symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Impact

This systematic review objectively evaluated the effect of humor therapy on depression and anxiety. As a simple and feasible complementary alternative therapy, humor therapy may provide a favorable alternative for clinicians, nurses, and patients in the future.
Mutational spectrum for guiding the decision of adjuvant treatment in patients with resected biliary tract carcinoma
Authors: Li Yunfeng , Tan Chaochao , Yin Xinmin , Zhu Siwei , Cai Rongyao , Liao Chunhong , Wu Yifei , Zeng Qihong , Cai Chengzhi , Xie Wang , He Xiangyu , Wen Hao‐quan , Lin Guomin , He Qingqing , He Tingting , Gu Peng , Liu Chang‐jun
Published: June 2023

Background

Systemic chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy has proven to be effective in treating advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). However, its efficacy in the adjuvant setting remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of genomic biomarkers in resected BTC and their potential role in stratifying patients for adjuvant treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 113 BTC patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery and had available tumor sequencing data. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was the primary outcome examined and univariate analysis was used to identify gene mutations with prognostic value. Favorable and unfavoratble gene subsets were distinguished from the selected genes through grouping, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors of DFS.

Results

Our results indicated that mutations in ACVR1B, AR, CTNNB1, ERBB3, and LRP2 were favorable mutations, while mutations in ARID1A, CDKN2A, FGFR2, NF1, NF2, PBRM1, PIK3CA, and TGFBR1 were unfavorable mutations. In addition to age, sex, and node positive, favorable genes (HR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04–0.48, p = 0.001) and unfavorable genes (HR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.51–5.29, p = 0.001) were identified as independent prognostic factors for DFS. Out of the 113 patients, only 35 received adjuvant treatment whereas the majority (78) did not. For patients with both favorable and unfavorable mutations undetected, adjuvant treatment showed negative effect on DFS (median DFS: S441 vs. 956 days, p = 0.010), but there was no significant difference in DFS among those in other mutational subgroups.

Conclusions

Genomic testing might be useful in guiding the decisions regarding adjuvant treatment in BTC.
Prospective in vitro A431 cell line anticancer efficacy of zirconia nanoflakes derived from Enicostemma littorale aqueous extract
Authors: Sumathi Paramasivam , Renuka Navaneethan , Subramanian Ramasamy , Periyasami Govindasami , Rahaman Mostafizur , Karthikeyan Perumal
Published: June 2023

Biomedical applications of zirconia nanomaterials were limited in biological systems. In this research, 8–15 nm size zirconia nanoflakes (ZrNFs) were fabricated and their nature, morphology, and biocompatibility were evaluated. The synthesis was carried out using Enicostemma littorale plant extract as an effective reducing and capping agent. Physiochemical properties of prepared ZrNFs were characterized using diverse instrumental studies such as UV‐vis spectrophotometer, Fourier‐transform infrared, powder X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The XRD pattern confirmed the tetragonal phases of ZrNFs and the highest crystallite size of Zr0.02, Zr0.02, and Zr0.06 was 56, 50, and 44 nm, respectively. The morphology of samples was assessed using TEM. Electrophysiological effects of ZrNFs in the cellular interaction process were revealed by the slower rate of electron transfer results in CV demonstration. Biocompatibility of synthesized ZrNFs was studied on A431 human epidermoid carcinoma epithelial cells. The cell viability was increased with an increasing the concentration of nanoflakes up to 6.50–100 μg/mL. The cell viability and observed IC50 values (44.25, 36.49, and 39.62 μg/mL) reveals that the synthesized ZrNFs using E. littorale extract is found to be efficient toxic to A431 cancer cell lines.
Stimuli‐Responsive Prodrug Chemistries for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bargakshatriya Rupa , Pramanik Sumit Kumar
Published: June 2023

Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive, chemically modified derivatives of active drugs, which, following in vivo administration, are converted to the parent drugs through chemical or enzymatic cleavage. The prodrug approach holds tremendous potential to create the enhanced version of an existing pharmacological agent and leverage those improvements to augment the drug molecules′ bioavailability, targeting ability, therapeutic efficacy, safety, and marketability. Especially in cancer therapy, prodrug application has received substantial attention. A prodrug can effectively broaden the therapeutic window of its parent drug by enhancing its release at targeted tumor sites while reducing its access to healthy cells. The spatiotemporally controlled release can be achieved by manipulating the chemical, physical, or biological stimuli present at the targeted tumor site. The critical strategy comprises drug‐carrier linkages that respond to physiological or biochemical stimuli in the tumor milieu to yield the active drug form. This review will focus on the recent advancements in the development of various fluorophore‐drug conjugates that are widely used for real‐time monitoring of drug delivery. The use of different stimuli‐cleavable linkers and the mechanisms of linker cleavage will be discussed. Finally, the review will conclude with a critical discussion of the prospects and challenges that might impede the future development of such prodrugs.
Pseudo‐infarction electrocardiographic changes in delayed onset hypoparathyroidism: A case report
Authors: Chow Han Bing , Lim Caryn Tsujean , Ho Yik Hon , Cham Yee Ling , Fong Alan Yean Yip , Said Asri , Ong Tiong Kiam
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

The high‐risk “Shark Fin” electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern has been associated with transmural ischemia but can also result from electrolyte anomalies. Therefore, the decision for invasive coronary catheterization requires a detailed history and dedicated biochemical tests.

Pseudo‐infarction ECG pattern resembling “Shark Fin” was demonstrated in a 76‐year‐old lady with a previous total thyroidectomy who presented with unspecific symptoms. An incidental finding of hypokalemia and hypocalcemia was thought to be related to delayed onset hypoparathyroidism. Potential etiologies like coronary vasospasm and catecholamine‐associated myocardial injury were suggested.
ANCA‐associated vasculitis with scleritis, corneal melt, and perforation rescued by rituximab: Case report and literature review
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Hiramatsu‐Asano Sumie , Sawachika Hiroshi , Nishimura Hirotake
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis, specifically with myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐ANCA, would have a risk for developing corneal melt and perforation abruptly in a short period. It is desirable to have a team of collaboration of rheumatologists and other specialties.

An 80‐year old man who had been diagnosed 5.5 years previously as ANCA‐associated vasculitis by temporal artery biopsy developed corneal melt and perforation with scleritis in both eyes. He underwent successful cataract surgery and retained ambulatory vision with the aid of intravenous rituximab. Two additional patients with similar manifestations were found in the literature.
Rational Design of Liquid Metal Organic Frameworks for the Enhanced CO2 Absorption and Their Photocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Li Yanru , Zhuang Lingyi , Tan Li , Chen Qiao , Fang Yuanxing
Published: June 2023

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has been widely investigated as co‐catalysts for photocatalysis owing to their unique property for controlling the reaction kinetics. They are generally presented in a solid state. Recent studies have presented MOF in the liquid phase, meanwhile preserving the framework structure. Acting as a co‐catalyst, significantly improved efficiency has been realized for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This concept article focuses on the chemical principle of liquid MOF (LMOF). Their applications in photocatalysis and CO2 adsorption have been discussed with showing key examples. In addition, the other relevant applications of LMOF have been presented.
Catalytic Carbonylation of Acrylic Acid to Succinic Anhydride**
Authors: Pietraru Marie‐Hélène , Lentz Nicolas , Ponsard Louise , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault
Published: June 2023

Alternative sources for polymeric materials have been sought in the past few years to reduce our dependence on fossil feedstock. We report the catalytic carbonylation of acrylic acid, a platform chemical that can be bio‐sourced, as a new pathway toward the formation of a useful monomer to polyesters, namely succinic anhydride. The novel system reported herein tackles the difficult carbonylation of unsaturated carboxylic acids through the utilization of an Earth‐abundant metal catalyst, [Co2(CO)8], in presence of a bidentate ligand, 1,2‐bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane (dcpe), and H2. We investigated the influence of the reaction conditions through the variations of metal, ligand, temperature, pressure, and gas composition. The carbonylative ring‐closure of acrylic acid was successfully obtained in high yield and selectivity toward the formation of succinic anhydride using mild conditions (90 °C and 16 bar of CO/H2 95 : 5).
Effect of Synthetic Conditions on the Structure and Properties of Nb14W3O44 Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Longsheng , Kang Jiankai , Yang Wei , Zou Hanbo , Chen Shengzhou
Published: June 2023

Niobium tungsten oxide is a potential replacement for graphite in fast‐charge lithium‐ion batteries due to its high rate performance and high stability. Herein, Nb14W3O44 anode was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of niobium oxalate and ammonium tungstate and sequent calcination of niobium tungsten oxide precursors. Compared with the traditional solid‐state method, the particle size and calcination time of Nb14W3O44 obtained by the modified method are greatly reduced. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal synthesis conditions were determined, and it was found that hydrothermal conditions have an important influence on the particle size of the final product, while the calcination temperature and time greatly affect the purity of the product and thus influence its specific capacity during cycles.
Covalent Organic Framework‐Supported Metallocene for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Zhu Bangban , Liu Kan , Luo Liqiong , Zhang Ziyang , Xiao Yangke , Sun Minghao , Jie Suyun , Wang Wen‐Jun , Hu Jijiang , Shi Shengbin , Wang Qingyue , Li Bo‐Geng , Liu Pingwei
Published: June 2023

The loading of homogeneous catalysts with support can dramatically improve their performance in olefin polymerization. However, the challenge lies in the development of supported catalysts with well‐defined pore structures and good compatibility to achieve high catalytic activity and product performance. Herein, we report the use of an emergent class of porous material—covalent organic framework material (COF) as a carrier to support metallocene catalyst—Cp2ZrCl2 for ethylene polymerization. The COF‐supported catalyst demonstrates a higher catalytic activity of 31.1×106 g mol−1 h−1 at 140 °C, compared with 11.2×106 g mol−1 h−1 for the homogenous one. The resulting polyethylene (PE) products possess higher weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) and narrower molecular weight distribution (Ð) after COF supporting, that is, Mw increases from 160 to 308 kDa and Ð drops from 3.3 to 2.2. The melting point (Tm) is also increased by up to 5.2 °C. Moreover, the PE product possesses a characteristic filamentous microstructure and demonstrates an increased tensile strength from 19.0 to 30.7 MPa and elongation at break from 350 to 1400 % after catalyst loading. We believe that the use of COF carriers will facilitate the future development of supported catalysts for highly efficient olefin polymerization and high‐performance polyolefins.
A 2,2‐Difluoroimidazolidine Derivative for Deoxyfluorination Reactions: Mechanistic Insights by Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Herbstritt Domenique , Tomar Pooja , Müller Robert , Kaupp Martin , Braun Thomas
Published: June 2023

A N‐heterocyclic deoxyfluorinating agent SIMesF2 was synthesized by nucleophilic fluorination of N,N‐1,3‐dimesityl‐2‐chloroimidazolidinium chloride (3) at room temperature. SIMesF2 was applied to deoxyfluorinate carboxylic acids and alcohols and convert benzaldehyde into difluorotoluene. Mechanistic studies by NMR spectroscopy suggest reaction pathways of the carboxylic acid to acyl fluoride via outer‐sphere fluorinations at an imidazolidinium ion by polyfluoride. DFT studies give further insight by exploring mechanistic details which distinguish the fluorination of aldehydes from that of carboxylic acids. Furthermore, a consecutive reaction sequence for the oxidation of an aldehyde followed by in situ fluorination of the generated carboxylic acid was developed.
The added value of hypertonic saline solution to furosemide monotherapy in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: A meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Diaz‐Arocutipa Carlos , Denegri‐Galvan Jack , Vicent Lourdes , Pariona Marcos , Mamas Mamas A. , Hernandez Adrian V.
Published: June 2023

We assessed the effects of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) plus furosemide versus furosemide alone in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We searched four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) until June 30, 2022. The quality of evidence (QoE) was assessed using the GRADE approach. All meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effects model. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also conducted for intermediate and biomarker outcomes. Ten RCTs involving 3013 patients were included. HSS plus furosemide significantly reduced the length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD]: −3.60 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −4.56 to −2.64; QoE: moderate), weight (MD: −2.34 kg; 95% CI: −3.15 to −1.53; QoE: moderate), serum creatinine (MD: −0.41 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.49 to −0.33; QoE: low), and type‐B natriuretic peptide (MD: −124.26 pg/mL; 95% CI: −207.97 to −40.54; QoE: low) compared to furosemide alone. HSS plus furosemide significantly increased urine output (MD: 528.57 mL/24 h; 95% CI: 431.90 to 625.23; QoE: moderate), serum Na+ (MD: 6.80 mmol/L; 95% CI: 4.92 to 8.69; QoE: low), and urine Na+ (MD: 54.85 mmol/24 h; 95% CI: 46.31 to 63.38; QoE: moderate) compared to furosemide alone. TSA confirmed the benefit of HSS plus furosemide. Due to the heterogeneity in mortality and heart failure readmission, meta‐analysis was not performed. Our study shows that HSS plus furosemide, compared to furosemide alone, improved surrogated outcomes in ADHF patients with low or intermediate QoE. Adequately powered RCTs are still needed to assess the benefit on heart failure readmission and mortality.
Prediction of IDO1 Inhibitors by a Fingerprint‐Based Stacking Ensemble Model Named IDO1Stack
Authors: Sun Huimin , Yang Qing , Yu Xinxin , Huang Mengting , Ding Meng , Li Weihua , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia
Published: June 2023

Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is viewed as an extremely promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we proposed a two‐layer stacking ensemble model, IDO1Stack, that can efficiently predict IDO1 inhibitors. First, we constructed a series of classification models based on five machine learning algorithms and eight molecular characterization methods. Then, a stacking ensemble model was built using the top five models as the base classifier and logistic regression as the meta‐classifier. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of IDO1Stack on the test set and external validation set were 0.952 and 0.918, respectively. Furthermore, we computed the applicability domain and privileged substructures of the model and interpreted the model using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). It is expected that IDO1Stack can well study the interaction between target and ligand, providing practitioners with a reliable tool for rapid screening and discovery of IDO1 inhibitors.
Usefulness of three‐dimensional thoracoscope for prone position thoracoscopic esophagectomy improves mediastinal lymph node dissection and prognosis for esophageal cancer
Authors: Kanamori Kohei , Koyanagi Kazuo , Ozawa Soji , Oguma Junya , Kazuno Akihito , Ninomiya Yamato , Yamamoto Miho , Shoji Yoshiaki , Yatabe Kentaro , Mori Masaki
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the superiority of 3D flexible thoracoscope against 2D thoracoscope for lymph node dissection (LND) and prognosis for prone‐position thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE) in esophageal cancer.

Methods

Three hundred and sixty‐seven esophageal cancer patients who underwent prone‐position TE with 3‐field LND between 2009 and 2018 were evaluated. 2D and 3D thoracoscope was used in 182 (2D group) and 185 cases (3D group), respectively. Short‐term surgical outcomes, numbers of retrieved mediastinal lymph node (LN), and rates of LN recurrence were compared. Risk factors for mediastinal LN recurrence and long‐time prognosis were also evaluated.

Results

No differences in postoperative complications were observed between the groups. The numbers of retrieved mediastinal LN were significantly higher, and the rates of LN recurrence were significantly lower in the 3D group compared to 2D group. Use of 2D thoracoscope was a significant independent factor of middle mediastinal LN recurrence by multivariable analysis. Survival was compared by cox regression analysis, and the 3D group had a significantly better prognosis than the 2D group.

Conclusions

Prone position TE using 3D thoracoscope may improve the accuracy of mediastinal LND and prognosis without increasing postoperative complications for esophageal cancer.
Solar photovoltaic‐interfaced shunt active power filter implementation for power quality enhancement in grid‐connected systems
Authors: Boopathi Rajendran , Indragandhi Vairavasundaram
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a synchronous reference frame (SRF) control with a photovoltaic (PV)‐based shunt active power filter (SAPF) that is utilized to mitigate harmonics impacted by fast‐growing nonlinear load (NL), including compensation of reactive power in distribution systems. The PV module is constructed with an enhanced incremental conductance (EINC) maximum power point tracking approach with an interconnected SAPF. It can support load reactive power demand, eliminating harmonics obtained by NL and the active power supported by the PV arrays. Traditional tuning PI controllers perform poorly under variable load conditions. An adaptive intelligent nonlinear controller capable of simultaneously addressing the impacts of variable load, NL generation of harmonic current, and reactive power demand. This research aims to improve power quality based on an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to enhance PV‐SAPF dynamic performance and achieve optimized performance. This control technique reduces the percentage of total harmonic distortion (THD) of the source current below IEEE standards from generating an NL and balanced/unbalanced load condition and regulates the DC‐link voltage constant. Moreover, the presented SRF theory, solar PV, and step‐up converter are addressed. The proposed system control strategy is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink platform and the Texas Instruments Cyclone IV EP4CE30F484 FPGA board to carry out the hardware implementations of the proposed PV‐SAPF system and validated experimentally.
Miniaturized six‐ring elliptical monopole‐based MIMO antenna for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Amroun A. , Zebiri C. , Sayad Djamel , Elfergani Issa T. E. , Desai A. , Bouknia M. L. , Zegadi R. , Rodriguez J.
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a miniature two‐element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna dedicated to UWB applications. The proposed MIMO design has a very low profile of 30 × 20 × 1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna is carefully designed and optimized using HFSS simulation software. As a proof of concept, the proposed design is realized and experimentally tested for MIMO applications. The proposed structure, printed on an FR4 substrate, comprises two symmetrical elliptical conductive patches on the upper side and a modified ground plane on the lower one. Each radiating element includes six elliptical rings. The modified ground plane consists of a T‐shaped strip and two semielliptical slots etched opposite the feed line. All the parameters of the design are carefully optimized to achieve an ultrawide bandwidth antenna spanning from (136.08%) 3.1 to 16.3 GHz. The results are discussed and analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, efficiency, radiation pattern, diversity gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and mean effective gain (MEG). All simulated results are found to be in good accordance with experiments. The design reveals attractive features for UWB applications. A good isolation (17 dB) between the two radiators is achieved despite the close proximity using the suggested ground plane geometry.