bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Approach for Providing Adaptable Curriculum Enrichment through Teaching-Learning and Evaluation
Authors:   Electrical Department, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Maharashtra, India., Munje Ravindra , Rakibe Priya , Nichit Vikrant , Dudhekar Anup , Shewale Yogita
Published: March 2023

Post-pandemic, the perspective -pof the stakeholders of the education industry has changed considering online teaching learning and evaluation. Most of the stakeholders feel that a hybrid learning methodology can be adapted for multiple reasons. However, designing a framework for hybrid teaching-learning and evaluation is not easy. In this paper, an attempt is made to propose one such approach for implementing a hybrid teaching-learning and evaluation mechanism. First of all, a survey of the students was conducted to understand their opinion about the type of teaching-learning process. Then a strategy is suggested where theory sessions will be conducted online and lab sessions will be conducted in an offline (face-to-face) manner. Further, the implementation strategy, teaching-learning tools, feasibility, applicability, and challenges associated with this are discussed. The successful implantation of the suggested teaching-learning and evaluation method can be a promising solution for accommodating on-campus and off-campus learners. Keywords— Hybrid learning; teaching-learning and evaluation; online learning; offline learning.
A case study of students’ skill development through the project carried out for sustainable development of rural area for transformation to urbanization
Authors:   B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot, India, Patel Vimalkumar N , Gandhi Vaibhav ,   Parul University, Vadodara, India, Thummar Kajal ,   B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot, India, Parmar Rahul ,   B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot, India, Vekariya Jay ,   B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot, India, Kapadiya Jay ,   B.H.Gardi College of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot, India, Oza Virang H ,   Sri labhubhai Trivedi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot, India, Jadeja Siddharthsinh ,   Surendranagar University, Surendranagar, India
Published: March 2023

Vishwakarma Yojana is one of the Gujarat government's initiative designated as a pilot project to facilitate rural people with required infrastructure as good as urban people. The world is growing rapidly nowadays, accordingly the living standards of the society are improving which leads to the development of multidisciplinary sectors. This case study is carried out at village Ambardi located in Jasdan tehsil in Rajkot district of Gujarat state, India. It is located approximately 80km towards east from district headquarters Rajkot city. The detailed development plan has been proposed for the village by providing different facilities in unlike categories such as physical infrastructure (Water tank, Roads and other), Social Infrastructure (Health, Community Hall and other) and Sustainable Infrastructure (Biogas plant, solar street and other) which leads the urban people get attracted with the rural people. Generally, the people living in the villages are working as a farmer in major, so their living standards are not leveled to the rural progress. Providing such amenities in the village, retention ratio can be improved and eventually control the migration. It also helps in increasing the livelihood and lifestyle of the people living in the village, which is the ultimate aim of this study. Through such Project, industries can also be developed nearby rural area, which will increase the jobs of the villagers itself and the surrounding area, and this is the successful way to increase the prosperity of Village and ultimately increase GDP of the country. Significant improvement in students’ interpersonal skills and employability is observed after taking feedback from students after completing task. Keywords— Rurbanization, Vishwakarma Yojana, Village Development, problem identification, Skill Development
Students’ Attitude and Well-being and Repercussions on Academics after COVID-19
Authors:   Department of English, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Chandramohan G. , Pramila K. ,   Department of English, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Published: March 2023

The cumulative impact of COVID 19 has been immense on all the sectors globally. One of the worst hit sectors was the education sector. Educational institutions were shut and students from disadvantaged backgrounds were the most vulnerable, as schools and higher education institutions replaced face-to-face instructions with virtual learning. Students were learning in isolation with little or no social interaction. It was taking its toll on the mental well-being of school children and young adults. This exploratory study aims at exploring the impact of the pandemic on the first year engineering students’ attitude towards academics and their overall mental health and well-being. This study is an attempt to understand how the students feel about their social life, their academics and their attitude post pandemic. Research was conducted in a Tier II engineering college in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in eliciting and analyzing the data. Questionnaires on the impact of the pandemic on their academics, and the impact on their behaviour, attitude, social skills and their learning processes were administered. Informal interactions and discussions strengthened the understanding of the problems faced by the students. The highlight of this study is, contrary to popular belief, the pandemic doesn’t appear to have affected the social skills of the young adults and has not affected the well-being of the students. Keywords—Academics; attitude; education; mental health; pandemic; remote learning; well-being.
Optimum Use of LMS for Dynamic Mathematics Classrooms in Blended Mode
Authors:   Department of Science and Humanities, K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Maharashtra, India, Desai Rachana , Rai Nandini ,   Department of Science and Humanities, K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Maharashtra, India, Karekar Jitendra ,   Department of Science and Humanities, K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Maharashtra, India
Published: March 2023

Recently the education industry has moved at an increasing pace towards quality assurance programs. There is a high demand for efficient use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education, especially to improve the quality of mathematics education. After COVID-19 lockdowns, ICT has become essential in the era of blended learning. Variations in pedagogy and assessments in mathematics are always challenging. Due to difficulties in learning mathematics, the need for innovative mathematical pedagogy is rising daily in online and blended learning environments. Through this paper, the authors attempt to provide more opportunities to mathematics teachers and students to learn through LMS. Through KJSCE-LMS (Moodle based LMS specially customized for students of K J Somaiya College of Engineering (KJSCE), Mumbai), the authors demonstrate the optimum use of innovative Teaching-Learning-Evaluation (TLE) techniques that can be easily practiced in online or blended mode of mathematics education. These technology-enhanced TLE methods were applied in the first year undergraduate engineering mathematics classroom in the urban part of India. To check the promethean ways to enhance pedagogical learning experiences by students, qualitative and quantitative surveys were conducted. Results of the survey reveal that teachers' systematic usage of KJSCE-LMS can make mathematics learning easy, effective and meaningful. 98% of the students agreed that the contents uploaded on LMS helped them to understand the concepts effectively. LMS can also help strengthen the learning process, motivate students, improve their learning outcomes, and positively impact their wholesome development. Keywords—Assessment; Blended learning; Innovative teaching techniques; LMS; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Online assessments
Techniques for Strengthening 21st Century Learners' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Karnataka, India, S B Prapulla , M Patra Swarna ,   Department of Chemistry, RV College of Engineering, Karnataka, India, K N Subramanya ,   ., B V Uma ,   .
Published: March 2023

Critical thinking, as opposed to technical or professional abilities, enhances intellectual capacities and promotes the development of multi perspective thinking. It promotes the growth of the mind's analytical and creative regions. Enhancing critical thinking abilities in higher education constructs an excellent platform for aspirant engineers. To analyze complex problems, investigate various techniques, and design solutions, critical thinking skills are required. The most vivid imaginations are born to artists and musicians. Teaching artists how to use software and graphics tools is relatively simple; however, transforming engineers into artists is far more difficult. Students who use visualization in their studies are encouraged to look at the world from various angles. Sports and academics complement each other well. There are also links between the arts, logic, and athletics. It is beneficial to understand the relationship between critical thinking and academics. This study covers some strategies related to puzzle solving, problem-based learning, design thinking, picture analysis, and experiential learning in order to develop critical thinking and practical problem-solving skills. Keywords— critical thinkers; Experiential Learning; Holistic edification; skills
Enhancing Experiential Learning to Address Loss of Hands-on Laboratory Due to Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Electronics and Communication Engineering, KLE Technological University, Karnataka, India, Supriya K. , Rohini H. , Prabha N. , . Basawaraj , Nalini I.
Published: March 2023

All sectors of life have been hit hard by the pandemic caused by covid-19. This impact has been brutal on streams like engineering in the educational sector, where practical or laboratory courses play a vital role in learning. Due to the limitations of online learning, the students could not explore the full extent of hands-on learning in their Fourth semester ARM microcontroller course. In order to compensate for the loss, the laboratory activities in the Fifth semester RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) Laboratory course are enhanced to provide students with a hands-on learning experience in building applications in both the ARM and RTOS environment. The extended activities enhanced student learning in the ARM environment, which they were previously deprived of during online instruction. Also, emphasis is provided on applying optimization techniques to memory and timing requirements for a given problem statement. The results show that the extended activities helped students co-relate and integrate concepts addressed during their 4th and 5th-semester courses and build a small application of the embedded systems. Keywords—Embedded Real-time systems; Extended Activity; project-based learning;
Student-Based Community Service Learning to Assess Water Issues in Rural Parts of Virudhunagar District of India
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, INDIA, Sharma Naresh K. , Asraf S. Sheik , Duggirala Deepika
Published: March 2023

Advancements in science and innovation have been carried out in the state of art engineering design standards for the improvement of humankind. Regardless, there is a basic need to take the benefits of science and engineering and offer reasonable responses for the headway of the overall rural population. The Bachelor of Technology (B. Tech.) in Biotechnology students of Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, India (KARE) refined the water-related issues faced by rural people of Virudhunagar district in Tamil Nadu. The students through their custom audits identified specific drinking water and wastewaterrelated issues faced by the rural people in one of the backward districts of Tamil Nadu. Afterward, the students had the option to foster the ideas to devise decisive solutions to the water-based issues of the rural people. The endeavors taken by the students through their half-year community-based projects have made advances in the instructive program to alleviate the water problems faced by the rural community. Besides, the solutions mandated by the students have been tested in this study. The solutions devised and tested by the students are of minimal expense and effectively moderate. Consequently, we prescribe that educational institutions incorporate socially applicable resultbased ventures for addressing the environmental problems of rural communities while enhancing transformational learning through conventional teaching methods to service-learning methods. Keywords— Community service project, drinking water, wastewater treatment, transformational learning
Bridging the Gap: Industry and Engineering Institutions through Efficient Collaboration
Authors:   Department of Computer Engg., K. K. Wagh Institute of Engg. Education & Research, Nasik, Maharashtra, India, Kulkarni R.D. , Sane S.S. , Kanade D. M.
Published: March 2023

The engineering educational institutes strive to develop the graduating students to possess the skillsets required by the related industries in the market. However the industries, that seek the engineering graduates as their employees assert that they spend lot of time, money and energy in training these graduates. This fact emphasizes that there exists a gap in the skillsets cultivated in the graduates by the academic institutes and those required at the industries. The main causes behind this have been the differences in their major goals along with the lack of focused collaboration and efforts required to thin the said gap. In this paper we present a model namely ‘Tailored Skills Development Model’ (TSDM) which proves to be effective in bridging this gap. The model proves to be supportive to the engineering institutions where they are able to cultivate the graduates with advanced skills that are necessitated by the industries in the specific engineering disciplines focused by the institutes. And the model also assists the industries to seek the better manpower with adequate skillsets. The model helps to reduce the training period, related cost and energy involved at the industry levels in search of the anticipated skillsets. The paper discusses the organization and implementation of this model at our institute along with the statistics of its execution. Keywords—Engineering education, Engineering institutions, Industries, Tailored Skills Development Model.
Strategic approaches for DEI Implementation in Engineering Education
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India, Raja M. Palaninatha , Abirami A. M. ,   Department of Information Technology, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: March 2023

The quality of education that one gets is directly related to his quality of life. Equity plays the vital role in offering quality education to all by addressing their issues, barriers and challenges. A fair and inclusive learning environment are the most important factors to provide equitable education. It aims to provide equal opportunities to all students for developing the successful and socially responsible engineering graduates. The education system has to be modernized with Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) principles and policies that ensure valuable and quality education for all students. This article demonstrates the strategic implementation of different DEI strategies adopted in the Engineering Institute and discussed the results obtained out of them. Keywords—Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Engineering Educatio JEET Category—Practice
Task Based Assessment: An Innovative Methodology for Studying and Assessing High Level Programming-Oriented Courses
Authors:   School of Engineering, RK University, Gujarat, India, Tanna Paresh , Lathigara Amit , Bhatt Nirav
Published: March 2023

Many students are being struggled with high level programming related courses. It is an enthusiastic and dynamic approach to teach and assess such courses for the development of their programming skills. Also, traditional approach to evaluate such high-level programmingoriented courses is with list of programs repeatedly being followed in consecutive batches as well as theory exam is conducted that generally focuses on remembering/understanding oriented questions. During the study tenure, students get very less opportunities to write or solve technical problems or tasks as per the IT industry needs as well as they get struggle to be selected in a reputed IT company by clearing the technical examination through the campus drive. Also, IT companies do not follow only the mechanism i.e., “writing code from scratch for all projects”. In fact, many more situations arise where students must outperform similarly. Such circumstances can be discovered depending on the work culture, constraints, coding elegance, etc. within each industry. Proposed method is one of such mechanisms out of these i.e., each problem is being divided into different tasks. Each task may represent a requirement of client or a set of small requirements. Here, the proposed innovative methodology is “Task Based Assessment (TBA)” for high level programming-oriented courses. This would focus on outcome based learning and innovative assessment approaches. The results obtained with the conventional approach are compared to the results obtained with the TBA approach, and it is discovered that a greater number of students obtained more than B+ grade (>=70%) with the proposed TBA approach, as also statistically proven. This correlation indicates that students are more conscious and interested in the TBA approach as opposed to mugged up & writing hypothetical ideas into the examinations. Furthermore, student feedback has been found to be extremely positive. Also, this would helpstudents to improve their programming skills to cope with the IT industry challenges. Keywords: High Level Programming Languages, Programming Skills, Technical Skills, IT Industry Challenges, Task Based Assessment, Innovative Assessment
Políticas públicas para la economía social solidaria en Colombia en tiempos de pandemia y crisis del neoliberalismo
Authors: Martínez Collazos Jarrison
Published: March 2023

La crisis civilizatoria manifestada en los acontecimientos biológicos, ambientales, económicos, sociales y políticos que se viven, ha incrementado la búsqueda de alternativas que contribuyan a crear una sociedad respetuosa del ambiente, que supere la profunda desigualdad social y coloque en el centro valores éticos y humanistas. El presente artículo analiza la crisis estructural que vive el llamado modelo neoliberal, analiza las alternativas que desde la economía social-solidaria se han planteado, como las políticas públicas trazadas por el Estado colombiano para el desarrollo de dicha economía, sugiriendo cambios en el nuevo contexto que se presenta en la sociedad colombiana.
YENİ NESİL DADI: MEDYA! Çocukların Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algılarındaki Medyanın Rolüne İlişkin Ebeveynlerinin ve Öğretmenlerinin Bakış Açıları
Authors: BOZER Cansu , ERDEN Sule
Published: March 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların toplumsal cinsiyet algılarında medyanın rolüne ilişkin ebeveynlerinin ve öğretmenlerinin bakış açılarının incelenmesidir. Bu sebeple araştırmacı çocukların toplumsal cinsiyet algılarına yönelik medyanın rolüne ilişkin ebeveynlerin ve öğretmenlerin bakış açılarını keşfetmek, deneyimlerini ortaya koymak ve analiz etmek amacıyla, araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik yaklaşım olarak planlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, amaçlı ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen iki okul öncesi eğitim kurumundan her anaokulu için sekizer ebeveyn ve çocuklarının bir öğretmeni olmak üzere toplamda otuz iki ebeveyn ve iki öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış ve bu formda, ebeveynlere ve öğretmenlere, çocukların toplumsal cinsiyet algılarına yönelik medya rolüne ilişkin gözlemlerinin neler olduğunu, çocukların söylem ve davranışlarını nasıl yorumladıklarını nasıl yönlendirdiklerini belirlemeye yönelik sorular sorulmuştur. Görüşmelerden elde edilen verilerden uygun tema, kod oluşturularak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın önemli sonuçlarından biri ebeveynlerin çocukların toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik medyanın rolüne işaret eden davranışlarına yanıtlarında ataerkilliğin varlığı saptanmıştır. Diğeri ise öğretmenlerin, öğrencilerini cinsiyet eşitliğine dayalı bir eşitlikçi bir düşünme biçimi oluşturma çabasında oldukları saptanmıştır.
Влияние участия университетов в Проекте 5-100 на успешность получения научных проектов
Authors: Железнов Алексей Михайлович
Published: March 2023

Исследование представляет результаты сравнительного анализа динамики привлечения российскими государственными вузами дополнительного финансирования. Данные для анализа были собраны из открытых источников и рассматривались в сопоставительном контексте между двумя группами: участниками проекта повышения конкурентоспособности ведущих университетов «5-100» и кандидатами на вступление в эту инициативу, которые не прошли отбор в данную программу. Сравнительный анализ 21 победителя с контрольной выборкой из 22 претендентов показал одинаково скромные успехи обеих групп вузов в поиске доходов на открытом рынке вне государственных процедур. Вместе с тем была зафиксирована положительная динамика в привлечении грантовых средств именно для победителей программы. Такой результат может быть связан с кумулятивным эффектом от запуска инициативы «5-100» одновременно с реформированием научных фондов.
Образовательная стигматизация как социальный феномен: социологический анализ
Authors: Зборовский Гарольд Ефимович , Амбарова Полина Анатольевна
Published: March 2023

Образовательная стигматизация – один из актуальных и вместе с тем недостаточно разработанных вопросов социологии образования. В статье предпринята попытка ее теоретического и эмпирического изучения в контексте современных проблем российского образования – усиления неравенства, образовательной неуспешности, дегуманизации образовательных отношений. Базируясь на ключевых идеях теории И. Гоффмана, авторы определяют образовательную стигму как отрицательное отношение к субъектам обучения (индивидам, группам, организациям), чья образовательная деятельность маркируется социальным окружением (или самим субъектом обучения) как несоответствующая его представлениям о «нормальности»; также авторы разрабатывают уровневый подход к ее изучению. Цель статьи заключается в социологическом анализе образовательной стигматизации как феномена современного российского образования. Эмпирическая база статьи – данные глубинных интервью с учителями, родителями школьников и студентов; материалы фокус-групп со школьниками и студентами университетов; анализ контента родительских социальных сетей. Авторы выделили принципы социологического подхода, обосновывающие необходимость рассмотрения социального контекста образовательной стигматизации и применения уровневого подхода к ее исследованию. Реализация данных принципов позволила определить особенности и механизмы стигматизации образовательной неуспешности на индивидуально-личностном, организационном и институциональном уровнях. В статье показано, как у учащихся на индивидуально-личностном уровне формируются поведенческие стратегии, направленные как на преодоление стигматизирующей ситуации, так и на понижающую адаптацию к ней. Особое внимание уделяется раскрытию содержания множественных ролей учителей, психологов, родителей в ситуации образовательной стигматизации, выступающих в одних случаях в качестве стигматизирующих или соучаствующих агентов, в других ситуациях – выполняющих роли сочувствующих и поддерживающих субъектов. Важным результатом исследования является характеристика механизмов образовательной стигматизации, действующих на  общностно-групповом уровне в отношении групп или классов неуспешных школьников. В связи с этим рассмотрены групповые стратегии поведения стигматизированных – получение «вторичной выгоды», имитация академической успешности, «уход». Подчеркивается острота проблемы институциональной стигмы, возникающей в отношении «неэффективных» образовательных организаций, включая школы и вузы.
Reconfiguring the Energy Storage Landscape
Authors:   Dom Luiz Institut, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Silva José , Távora Guilherme ,   Portuguese Institute of Industrial Property, Mendonça Sandro ,   SPRU, University of Sussex,   University of Lisbon
Published: March 2023

The development of battery technologies is critical for energy transition strategies. This paper offers a comprehensive assessment of the trends and developments of battery innovation. Over 700,000 patents from the period of 2005-2019 are compiled and analyzed. Leading patent applicants and countries of origin are identified. Major patent applicants are mostly large East Asian companies, while Japan and South Korea are the leading countries followed by the US, Germany, and China. Different battery designs, the main battery components, and interactions with other clean technologies are examined. Based on the operative definitions for incremental/radical and product/process innovations, a battery innovation typology is set forth. The main findings are that patenting in batteries rises robustly and the lithium-ion battery is the most vibrant technology; lithium-sulfur and flow batteries are the most notable emerging technologies, while electrodes are the most salient battery component. The most significant interactions of batteries with clean energy technologies are between battery charging and photovoltaic energy as well as between battery charging and electric vehicles. Incremental innovation represents more than half of the patents, while product innovation represents approximately 70% of the total patents. This study presents findings that could be useful when making investment decisions on the development of battery and auxiliary low-carbon energy technologies.
Is the Accreditation in Medical Education an Opportunity or a Burden?
Authors: Jung Hanna , Jeon Woo Taek , An Shinki
Published: March 2023

The accreditation process (AccP) is both an opportunity and a burden for medical schools—which one it becomes depends on how medical schools recognize and utilize the AccP. In other words, if a medical school recognizes the AccP only as a formal procedure or as a means for continuing medical education, it will be a burden for the medical school. However, if a medical school recognizes the real and positive value of the AccP, it can be both an opportunity and a tool for developing medical education. The educational value of the AccP is to improve the quality, equity, and efficiency of medical education, along with increasing the options of choice. In order for the AccP to contribute to the development of medical education, accrediting agencies and medical schools must first be recognized as part of an “educational alliance” working together towards common goals. Secondly, clear guidelines on the accreditation standards should be periodically reviewed and shared. Finally, a formative evaluation using self-evaluation as a system that can utilize the AccP as an opportunity to develop medical education must be introduced. This type of evaluation system could be developed through collaboration among medical schools, academic societies for medical education, and the accrediting authority.
A Proposal for the Future of Medical Education Accreditation
Authors: Lim Ki-Young
Published: March 2023

For the past 20 years, the medical education accreditation program of Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation (KIMEE) has contributed greatly to the standardization and improvement of the quality of basic medical education in Korea. Now, it contributes to establishing and promoting the future of medical education. Since its inception in 2019, Accreditation Standard of KIMEE 2019 (ASK2019) aims to achieve world-class medical education through the application of learner-centered curriculum using a continuum framework for the three phases of formal medical education: basic medical education, post-graduate medical education, and continuing professional development. ASK2019 also promotes medical education which meets community needs and employs systematic assessments throughout the education process. These are important changes that can be used to gauge the future of the medical education accreditation system. Furthermore, internationalization, interprofessional education, health systems science, and on-going, permanent self-assessment systems in every medical school are emerging as important topics for the future of medical education. It’s time for the medical education accreditation system in Korea to observe and adopt new trends in global medical education.
Application of Social Constructivism in Medical Education
Authors: Kim Youngjon
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to discuss the main principles and concepts of social constructivism, examine the literature on the application of social constructivism in medical education, and explore the meaning and limitations of the utilization of social constructivism with learning theory. A literature search was carried out in two stages, utilizing PubMed, CINAHL and Education Source databases. The first search included both fields (social constructivism AND medical education), while the second search was performed by subject (Vygotsky or ZPD or zone of proximal development or scaffolding AND medical education). A total of 96 papers were found through the first and second searches, and after reviewing the abstracts of all 96 papers, 41 papers were deemed suitable for research purposes. In medical education, social constructivism is applied in areas such as (1) social and cultural behaviors (hidden curriculum), (2) social construct of “meaning” (dialogue and discourse), (3) learner’s identity transformation (expert), and (4) instructional intervention (ZPD and scaffolding). Social constructivism has provided many ideas to explore in terms of the composition of knowledge in the sociocultural context of health care, but it has not demonstrated an explicit instructional method or educational effects.
Analysis of the Satisfaction with Computer Based Test Program and Test Environment in Medical School
Authors: Kim Soon Gu , Lee Aehwa , Hwang Ilseon
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to identify needed improvements to current evaluation methods in medical school computer-based test (CBT) programs and test environments. To that end, an analysis of the importance and satisfaction was conducted through a survey of 3rd and 4th year medical students who had sufficient experience with CBT programs. Importance performance analysis methodology using the correlation coefficient was applied to assess average satisfaction and importance. The first quadrant (keep up the good work) was a factor of review and time management and test facilities among the conveniences of the CBT program. The second quadrant (concentrate here) was a factor of the convenience of the CBT program and computer monitor and chair factor within the test facilities. The third quadrant (low priority) was a factor of cheating and computer failure. The fourth quadrant (possible overkill) was the location, spacing, and temperature factors of the test facilities. Improvements are needed to reduce ‘eye fatigue’ and help students focus and understand the questions in the CBT programs. It is necessary to improve computer monitors, desks and chairs, and consider the subject’s body type and manager in order to cope with computer breakdown and peripheral failures. Spare computers are needed. These findings are meaningful in that they have been able to identify factors that require improvement in the CBT program and test environment resulting from changes in assessment tools.
Utilization and Effects of Peer‐Assisted Learning in Basic Medical Education
Authors: Roh HyeRin
Published: March 2023

This review of the literature explored the experiences and effects of peer-assisted learning in basic medical education. Peer-assisted learning is most commonly utilized to teach clinical skills (including technical skills) and medical knowledge (76.4%). It has also been used, albeit less frequently, to facilitate small-group discussions including problem-based learning, to promote students’ personal and professional development, to provide mentoring for career development and adaptation to school, to give tutoring to at-risk students, and to implement work-based learning in clinical settings. Near-peer learning is a common type. The use of active learning techniques and digital technology has been increasingly reported. Students’ leadership had frequently been described. Student tutor training, programs for teaching skills, institutional support, and assessments have been conducted for effective peer-assisted learning. There is considerable positive evidence that peer-assisted learning is effective in teaching simple clinical skills and medical knowledge for tutees. However, its effects on complex skills and knowledge, small-group discussions, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and work-based learning have rarely been studied. Additionally, little evidence exists regarding whether peer-assisted learning is effective for student tutors. Further research is needed to develop peer-assisted learning programs and to investigate their learning effects on student tutors, small-group discussion facilitation, personal and professional development, peer mentoring, and peer-led work-based learning in the clinical setting in South Korea. Formal programs and system advancement for a student-led learning culture is needed for effective peer-assisted learning.
Competency and Curriculum of the Resident as Teacher: A Review and Suggestions
Authors: Park Janghee
Published: March 2023

Residents serve as educators who teach patients, medical students, fellow residents, and other medical personnel while being trained as learners. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the competencies, perceptions, and educational status of residents as teachers, and to suggest appropriate competencies and curricular components. A literature review was conducted and resident-related institutional homepages were searched. Many countries are developing the educational competencies of residents as teachers and implementing educational programs. Residents most often taught clinical knowledge and clinical skills to patients, medical students, fellow residents, and other medical professionals, and recognized the importance of education, the joy of teaching, and the role of teachers; however, the task of teaching was burdensome. Based on these findings, competencies and educational programs for the resident as teacher are proposed. The competencies consist of the five stages of ACCESS (active learner, clinical teacher, curriculum developer, educational scholar, social communicator, supervisor/leader), and specific teaching content, methods, and assessment methods are suggested to develop these competencies. Educating residents to develop their competencies as teachers is very important as a way to foster lifelong learning skills, help others, and assist in leadership roles.
The Tasks of Medical Education to Support the Formation of Medical Professional Identity
Authors: Kim Sun
Published: March 2023

Building professional identity is the most basic purpose of medical education. Students who enter medical schools do not have an identity rooted in the medical profession, and universities should therefore take steps to help students form their identity as doctors, attitudes, beliefs, and values through the curriculum. However, while medical knowledge and clinical skills are fully reflected in basic medical education, issues persist regarding education on values, attitudes, and beliefs that are important for professional identity. Regarding the process of professional identity formation, it is important to keep in mind that rapid changes in modern society lead to corresponding changes in socio-cultural expectations and demands related to professional identity, resulting in discrepancies between the reality of medical education and the actual field of medicine. Medical schools need to prepare students for these discrepancies, and in-depth discussions should address what is important and what should be solved first at medical education sites. However, it is difficult to generalize the tasks of professional identity formation in the field of medical education because each medical school may have unique circumstances. This article discusses the tasks that medical education should solve for professional identity formation education in terms of five aspects: establishing learning outcomes, training educational experts, introducing transformative learning, utilizing self-directed learning, and developing evaluation methods.
Academic Stress and Its Influencing Factors among Medical and Non‐Medical Students
Authors: Seong Anna , Heo Suyeon , Yoon Jeonggyo , Lee Ji Yeon , Choi Min Gi , Jeon Jong ha , Kim Jae Hoon , Park Kwi Hwa , Im Jeong-Soo , Ko Kwang-Pil , Jung Jaehun , Choi Yoon-Hyeong
Published: March 2023

This study examined the relationships among personality traits, coping efficacy, and academic stress in medical and non-medical students in South Korea, and investigated the mediating effect of coping efficacy in the relationship between personality traits and academic stress. The study group comprised 210 medical students and 175 non-medical students. They were asked to rate their personality traits, coping efficacy, and academic stress. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and AMOS ver. 26.0 (IBM Corp.). Medical students scored higher for examination stress and lower for extroversion than non-medical students. In both groups, extroversion and conscientiousness positively affected coping efficacy, while neuroticism influenced it negatively. Neuroticism directly influenced all types of academic stress in both groups, while extroversion and conscientiousness only had direct effects on examination stress among medical students. Coping efficacy mediated the associations between personality traits and academic stress, except for the relationship between neuroticism and grade stress among medical students. The study indicates that coping efficacy had a significant effect on relieving academic stress among students with higher scores for extroversion and conscientiousness. Efforts should be made to decrease neuroticism to lower academic stress, as the relationship between neuroticism and academic stress is not directly influenced by coping efficacy. The implications of these results are discussed regarding a consultation system for students, especially those in medical school.
Challenges and Strategies in Medical Education in the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Im Sunju
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted all aspects of undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education. Only the focus of medical education—care for patients and communities—has remained an integral part of all of the above sectors. Several challenges have been experienced by learners and educators as the education and training of future doctors has continued in the midst of this crisis, including the cancellation of face-to-face classes and training, reduced patient encounter opportunities, fairness issues in online assessments, disruption of patient interview-based exams, reflections on the role of doctors in society, and mental health-related problems linked to isolation and concerns about infection. In response to these disruptions, educators and institutions have rapidly deployed educational innovations. Schools have adopted educational strategies to overcome these challenges by implementing novel education delivery methods in an online format, providing clinical experiences through simulation or telehealth methods, introducing online assessment tools with formative purposes, encouraging learners’ involvement in nonclinical activities such as community service, and making available resources and programs to sustain learners’ mental health and wellness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, educators and institutions have faced drastic changes in medical education worldwide. At the same time, the quantitative expansion of online education has caused other problems, such as the lack of human collaboration. The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education need to be studied further.
Applications and Effects of EdTech in Medical Education
Authors: Hong Hyeonmi , Kim Youngjon
Published: March 2023

Rapid developments in technology as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have created a demand for educational technology (EdTech) and a gradual transition from traditional teaching and learning to EdTech-assisted learning in medical education. EdTech is a portmanteau (blended word) combining the concepts of education and technology, and it refers to various attempts to solve education-related problems through information and communication technology. The aim of this study was to explore the use of key EdTech applications in medical education programs. A scoping review was conducted by searching three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Educational Sources) for articles published from 2000 to June 2021. Twenty-one studies were found that presented relevant descriptions of the effectiveness of EdTech in medical education programs. Studies on the application and effectiveness of EdTech were categorized as follows: (1) artificial intelligence with learner-adaptive evaluation and feedback, (2) augmented/virtual reality for improving learning participation and academic achievement through immersive learning, and (3) social media/social networking services with learner-directed knowledge generation, sharing, and dissemination in medical communities. Although this review reports the effectiveness of EdTech in various medical education programs, the number of studies and the validity of the identified research designs are insufficient to confirm the educational effects of EdTech. Future studies should utilize suitable research designs and examine the instructional objectives achievable by EdTech-based applications to strengthen the evidence base supporting the application of EdTech by medical educators and institutions.
Problems and Reconsideration of the Concept of Public Health Care (Public Health and Medical Services) in South Korea
Authors: Sung Jong Ho , Kim Jung Ha
Published: March 2023

The concept of “public health care (public health and medical services)” as discussed in South Korea is used in an unclear sense, with a meaning unlike the terminology used worldwide. The terms “public health care (public health and medical services)” and “health care (health and medical services)” have the same legal definition in Korea. Globally, “public health care (public health and medical services)” refers to medical services provided to the public that are operated as publicly funded resources, but in Korea, this term is confined to limited medical services prescribed by the government. The following considerations regarding “public health care (public health and medical services)” in Korea are proposed: All medical services performed by the state, regional governments, health care institutions, or health care workers to protect and promote the health of the people should be clearly established as “public health care (public health and medical services)” by definition. The financial burden borne by the state through national health insurance should be increased to an appropriate level to clarify the states responsibility. Improving public health is an urgent priority in Korea, and this goal can be achieved by improving regional public health through systematic relationships between the state and regional governments, establishing a Ministry of Health, and efficiently allocating public health doctors who are important for providing regional medical care in rural and remote areas. It will be possible to actively deal with infectious diseases at the national level through establishment of a Ministry of Disease Control and Prevention.
The Relationship Between Social Presence and Learning Satisfaction in Videoconferencing Problem‐Based Learning
Authors: Han Eui-Ryoung , Chung Eun-Kyung
Published: March 2023

Despite current regulations requiring social distancing due to coronavirus disease 2019, problem-based learning (PBL) requires student interaction to achieve common goals and enhance critical thinking and deep learning abilities. Social presence in the online education environment reduces both perceptions of physical distance and psychological distance in interactions. This study aimed to compare PBL activities between in-person and videoconferencing classes, and to investigate social presence and learning satisfaction in a videoconferencing PBL environment. The PBL consisted of six modules for both the first and second years of Chonnam National University Medical School. As social distancing was strengthened, the second class of the fifth module in both years was converted to an online format and the fifth module was excluded. The first four PBL modules were conducted as in-person classes, but the last PBL module was administered via videoconferencing. After the final PBL module, 100 (81.3%) first-year medical students and 90 (79.6%) second-year students were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on social presence and learning satisfaction. There were no significant differences in the small group activities of tutorial sessions between in-person and videoconferencing classes. In the online videoconferencing class, students who had favorable attitudes toward the tutors’ social role and interactions with peers showed high satisfaction with their learning. In conclusion, online videoconferencing allows students to simultaneously perceive their interactions with others and social presence, even at a distance. Tutors can enhance a sense of online community and collaborative learning as facilitators of online PBL.
Comparative Analysis of Course Satisfaction and Student Assessment Results in Redesigned Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Kim Sejin , Kim Minjeong , Kong Seom Gim , Jeong Ho Joong
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to redesign a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum and compare the differences between the previous and redesigned PBL based on the results of course satisfaction and student assessments. The PBL was redesigned using curriculum design guidelines (including revisions of curriculum objectives, learning components, learning environments, and assessment methods) that were developed based on previous studies and evaluation results. A comparative study was employed using course satisfaction surveys from the previous and redesigned curricula, and a total of 45 students participated. We also compared student assessment results from concept mapping, learning issue reports, modified essay questions, and reflection journals. We identified four key findings. First, we explored the possibility that the redesigned PBL could be implemented by student facilitators without professors as tutors. Second, the redesigned PBL fostered group dynamics that facilitated developing communication skills and collaborative learning through small-group discussions. Third, the new learning elements added in the redesigned PBL made a meaningful contribution to enhancing students’ clinical reasoning based on hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Fourth, concept maps in redesigned PBL contained more complex and various nodes and connections, and the levels of the nodes were more appropriate. The implications of this study can provide meaningful preliminary information for redesigning PBL curricula for medical students to develop their essential competencies through PBL.