bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detalhes importam: micro mosaicos e a estética da coisa minúscula
Authors: Malta Marize
Published: July 2022

A partir de quatro peças em micro mosaico da coleção Ferreira das Neves do Museu D. João VI-EBA-UFRJ, a proposta deste artigo aborda a análise da técnica, de sua forma-imagem, historicidade e seu processo colecionista, a identificação de sua procedência e datação, os percursos teórico-metodológicos envolvidos na pesquisa e as reflexões instigadas pela estética das coisas minúsculas, cujo olhar está incontornavelmente relacionado à proximidade e ao detalhe. Nesse sentido, busca-se apresentar a importância das coisas minúsculas para as narrativas da história da arte e sua potência estética particular.
A Visibilidade Tênue e a Delusão na Imagem do Pinheiro na Pintura Paranaense
Authors: Lourenço Clediane
Published: July 2022

Este artigo pretende investigar imagens de pinheiros na pintura paranaense. Parte-se de obras de diversos artistas do Estado de diferentes períodos e contextos, nos quais se observam as relações do detalhe na obra e a obra em detalhe, mas também a abordagem de trecho e as singularidades dessa figura. As reflexões de Georges Didi-Hubermann acerca da Aporia do Detalhe e do Trecho dão suporte para pensar a imagem intermitente do pinheiro; nas suas aparições mínimas, fantasmáticas, tênues, diluídas e delusórias. Ainda, apresenta-se o pinheiro como um processo de acumulação de espaço, tempo e memória, que implica a diferença e a repetição, o sintoma e a abertura da imagem na sua relação com a história, na convocação de um passado e/ou futuro, que interrompe o tempo linear.
Direction : Rome - détails d’un trajet entre Lisbonne et Gênes à la fin du Settecento
Authors: Telles Patricia Delayti
Published: July 2022

À la fin du XVIIIe siècle, Rome domine encore les rêves et les objectifs des artistes européens. Ils partent de Paris, de Londres, mais aussi de villes moins étudiées par l’histoire de l’art canonique, comme Lisbonne et Madrid, ou même Marseille, Barcelone ou Saragosse. Par l’énumération détaillée de ses arrêts entre Lisbonne et la « Ville éternelle », l’itinéraire terrestre du prêtre portugais Anastacio de Santa Clara, publié pour la première fois en 1791, fondé sur son expérience personnelle, nous permet de retracer certains de ces itinéraires, usuels mais moins connus - car partant des confins occidentaux de l’Europe - et de mieux comprendre ainsi ces parcours, en termes temporels et visuels. Nous parcourrons avec lui le chemin jusqu’à Gênes, où il recommande au voyager d’embarquer et poursuivre par la mer.
A radiografia do tempo. A Anunciação do Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro
Authors: Craveiro Maria de Lurdes , Gomes Virgínia , Lorena Mercês , Gil Francisco , Catarino Lídia
Published: July 2022

A realidade que se observa em cada momento é a expressão de um olhar contaminado pelo observador e por um tempo mais ou menos longo que pertence aos objetos; neles se condensa um processo sempre ativo de interferências, que escapa, muitas vezes, à real descodificação das obras. A pintura da Anunciação (MNMC2528) é precisamente um dos casos que requer a concentração no detalhe para resgatar uma integridade perdida. Aparentemente unidos pela iconografia que lhe é própria (o Arcanjo Gabriel e a Virgem), os dois painéis que a constituem chegaram ao século XXI reunidos num só. Pela análise do detalhe foi possível intuir que, para além da camada pictórica observável, se escondia outra verdade, comprovada agora pelo trabalho de conservação e restauro e pelas análises laboratoriais realizadas. A pintura correspondia a dois painéis separados (e unidos em tempo incerto), ocultando também os sinais mais evidentes (como a presença de um cão) de uma outra cultura estética. O sentido humanista da pintura inicial transformou-se então em “panfleto” mais óbvio dos valores da Reforma Católica (com a atribuição ao pintor Bernardo Manuel), e assim chegou aos nossos dias e à capacidade para descodificar as camadas do tempo. Pilar num processo investigativo interdisciplinar, o detalhe assume-se, desta forma, como o grande protagonista que conduz à inteligibilidade das formas e da cultura do tempo.
Lais Myrrha: a arquitetura do mundo como matéria da arte
Authors: Albuquerque Ana Paula Freitas de
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo propõe-se a analisar duas obras da artista brasileira Lais Myrrha, Teoria das Bordas (2007) e Dois pesos, duas medidas (2016), a fim de desvendar aspectos da sua construção poética. Os artefatos, que lidam com a desconstrução das fronteiras reais e simbólicas que organizam a nossa existência, com o avanço da técnica moderna e a ameaça de colapso que seu uso instrumentalizado implica, dão pistas do seu interesse em, revirando as ruínas que se acumulam no nosso presente, refletir, por meio das categorias de tempo e espaço, como são arquitetadas as coisas do mundo. Ao articular as imagens a partir de outras narrativas, ao mudar os referenciais do que é visto e dos sentidos que ordinariamente lhe são atribuídos, a artista bagunça a ordem das coisas, desordena as hierarquias e traz à tona a potência da destruição de tudo aquilo que parece necessário e inevitável.
Ensino de Artes Visuais em um contexto de pandemia: interlocuções para o Ensino Remoto Emergencial
Authors: Andrade Pereira Fabrício , Rocha Ivana
Published: July 2022

O artigo discute o Ensino de Artes Visuais, a partir de uma escola em Betim-MG, durante a pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus. As atividades oferecidas, em um primeiro momento, podem ser tomadas como ponto de partida para refletir sobre os desafios que estão surgindo em relação à construção do conhecimento em Arte no contexto do Ensino Remoto Emergencial. Este artigo busca retomar o debate de alguns aspectos relevantes ao Ensino de Arte, como a Abordagem Triangular, a potencialidade dos imprevistos e das experiências trazidas pelos educandos para oportunizar aprendizagens significativas, os objetos estendidos, a incitação à criação artística por meio da Arte Contemporânea, a Instalação como práxis artística levando a desconstrução de espaços e ideias no ambiente doméstico. Por fim, apresenta-se algumas distinções entre o Ensino Remoto Emergencial e a Educação a Distância, concluindo que a interação, sobretudo, a realizada presencialmente entre os indivíduos, tem uma função central no processo de internalização do conhecimento. Os principais autores trabalhados são Antunes (2020), Pimentel (2011), Zamperetti (2021) entre outros.
Arte têxtil, artesania e poéticas visuais: discussões na pós-graduação brasileira no campo das artes entre os anos de 2010 e 2020
Authors: Santana Cássia Cristina Dominguez
Published: July 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática sobre as discussões acerca de processos de criação que exploram a arte têxtil por meio de poéticas entrelaçadas à artesania em produções da Pós-Graduação brasileira. Com o objetivo de analisar as discussões mais recentes, o mapeamento delimitou-se ao recorte temporal entre os anos 2010 e 2020 e ao espaço da Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) do Instituto Brasileiro de Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT). Por meio da busca avançada com cruzamento de descritores-chave foi possível a coleta de dados de seis documentos que se aproximam das questões investigadas. O resultado do mapeamento apresentou o recorte da pesquisa, arte têxtil e poéticas visuais, como um campo promissor para aprofundamento de pesquisas acerca do tema, sobre perspectivas diversas.
“Hacemos memoria” de “nuestras Malvinas”. Modos de leer Malvinas en propuestas editoriales para las infancias y los jóvenes a 40 años de la guerra
Authors: Bayerque María Ayelén
Published: July 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar los modos de leer Malvinas en libros destinados a las infancias y juventudes editados con motivo del 40 aniversario de la guerra. Identificamos un creciente interés del mercado editorial por la temática de Malvinas a través de la profusión de publicaciones alusivas con un claro destinatario escolar. Por este motivo, nos detendremos en los proyectos de las editoriales Norma y loqueleo, elaborados a raíz de la efeméride, y en dos libros en particular –Postales desde Malvinas de Federico Lorenz y La tía, la guerra de Paula Bombara– para relevar de qué modos se construye el referente “Malvinas” y qué tensiones emergen en materiales especialmente pensados para lectores en formación.
La forma del relato sobre Malvinas: literatura y cine
Authors: Bueno Mónica
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se examinan dos novelas, Trasfondo y Para un soldado desconocido, que refieren la Guerra de Malvinas e interpelan las ideas preconcebidas del lector. Las ficciones que la literatura propone buscan visibilizar el entramado por el que el poder y la guerra determinan la vida de los hombres y responden  a esa cita secreta que, según Walter Benjamin, el presente tiene con las generaciones del pasado  Agregamos una coda: el documental Las aspirantes de Gretel Suárez que revela un relato secreto de las estudiantes de enfermería que participaron en la Guerra de Malvinas.
Malvinas tras su manto de historias. Entrevista al escritor argentino Sebastián Ávila
Authors: Souto Luz C.
Published: July 2022

Entrevista al escritor argentino Sebastián Ávila por la publicación de Ovejas (2021)
Memorias recientes de un conflicto de 40 años: Las últimas representaciones culturales de la guerra de Malvinas
Authors: Souto Luz C.
Published: July 2022

Descarga volumen completo DTD 11
Production and development of four-seat airplanes in the XX century. Statistical analysis
Authors: Kuzmin Yury Viktorovich
Published: July 2022

The subject of the article is the worldwide production and development of four-seat general-purpose airplanes in the XX century. This is the most important segment of general aviation: more four-seat aircraft have been built than three- and 5-10-seat aircraft combined. One of the article's goals is to determine whether the requirements for products designed to transport four people by air are really changing. The methodology of the work is collecting information about all aircraft models built. Data about 871 models and more than 2500 records of their production are collected.   For the first time, production pace and the number of new models of four-seated airplanes have been presented, country-by-country. Priority constructions are described. The dominant role of the USA and the stable duopoly of Cessna and Piper firms are revealed. It is shown that the demand for aircraft varies greatly in accordance with the socio-political situation in the world. The role of the USSR as one of the leading manufacturers of four-seated airplanes is revealed. It is shown that designers systematically respond to the decline in demand by increasing the intensity of design work, which, however, does not lead to the desired result - an increase in sales. Therefore, such behavior should be recognized as ineffective.
A spatiotemporal ensemble machine learning framework for generating land use/land cover time-series maps for Europe (2000–2019) based on LUCAS, CORINE and GLAD Landsat
Authors: Witjes Martijn , Parente Leandro , van Diemen Chris J. , Hengl Tomislav , Landa Martin , Brodský Lukáš , Halounova Lena , Križan Josip , Antonić Luka , Ilie Codrina Maria , Craciunescu Vasile , Kilibarda Milan , Antonijević Ognjen , Glušica Luka
Published: July 2022

A spatiotemporal machine learning framework for automated prediction and analysis of long-term Land Use/Land Cover dynamics is presented. The framework includes: (1) harmonization and preprocessing of spatial and spatiotemporal input datasets (GLAD Landsat, NPP/VIIRS) including five million harmonized LUCAS and CORINE Land Cover-derived training samples, (2) model building based on spatial k-fold cross-validation and hyper-parameter optimization, (3) prediction of the most probable class, class probabilities and model variance of predicted probabilities per pixel, (4) LULC change analysis on time-series of produced maps. The spatiotemporal ensemble model consists of a random forest, gradient boosted tree classifier, and an artificial neural network, with a logistic regressor as meta-learner. The results show that the most important variables for mapping LULC in Europe are: seasonal aggregates of Landsat green and near-infrared bands, multiple Landsat-derived spectral indices, long-term surface water probability, and elevation. Spatial cross-validation of the model indicates consistent performance across multiple years with overall accuracy (a weighted F1-score) of 0.49, 0.63, and 0.83 when predicting 43 (level-3), 14 (level-2), and five classes (level-1). Additional experiments show that spatiotemporal models generalize better to unknown years, outperforming single-year models on known-year classification by 2.7% and unknown-year classification by 3.5%. Results of the accuracy assessment using 48,365 independent test samples shows 87% match with the validation points. Results of time-series analysis (time-series of LULC probabilities and NDVI images) suggest forest loss in large parts of Sweden, the Alps, and Scotland. Positive and negative trends in NDVI in general match the land degradation and land restoration classes, with “urbanization” showing the most negative NDVI trend. An advantage of using spatiotemporal ML is that the fitted model can be used to predict LULC in years that were not included in its training dataset, allowing generalization to past and future periods, e.g. to predict LULC for years prior to 2000 and beyond 2020. The generated LULC time-series data stack (ODSE-LULC), including the training points, is publicly available via the ODSE Viewer. Functions used to prepare data and run modeling are available via the eumap library for Python.
Variability within a clonal population of Erwinia amylovora disclosed by phenotypic analysis
Authors: Mendes Rafael J. , Amaro Conceição , Luz João Pedro , Tavares Fernando , Santos Conceição
Published: July 2022

Background

Fire blight is a destructive disease of pome trees, caused by Erwinia amylovora, leading to high losses of chain-of-values fruits. Major outbreaks were registered between 2010 and 2017 in Portugal, and the first molecular epidemiological characterization of those isolates disclosed a clonal population with different levels of virulence and susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides.

Methods

This work aimed to further disclose the genetic characterization and unveil the phenotypic diversity of this E. amylovora population, resorting to MLSA, growth kinetics, biochemical characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility.

Results

While MLSA further confirmed the genetic clonality of those isolates, several phenotypic differences were recorded regarding their growth, carbon sources preferences, and chemical susceptibility to several antibiotics, disclosing a heterogeneous population. Principal component analysis regarding the phenotypic traits allows to separate the strains Ea 630 and Ea 680 from the remaining.

Discussion

Regardless the genetic clonality of these E. amylovora strains isolated from fire blight outbreaks, the phenotypic characterization evidenced a population diversity beyond the genotype clonality inferred by MLSA and CRISPR, suggesting that distinct sources or environmental adaptations of this pathogen may have occurred.

Conclusion

Attending the characteristic clonality of E. amylovora species, the data gathered here emphasizes the importance of phenotypic assessment of E. amylovora isolates to better understand their epidemiological behavior, namely by improving source tracking, make risk assessment analysis, and determine strain-specific environmental adaptations, that might ultimately lead to prevent new outbreaks.
Cross-sectional associations between effort-reward imbalance at work and oral diseases in Japan
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Yoshioka Eiji , Takekawa Masanori , Saijo Yasuaki
Published: July 2022

Background

Psychological stress is a potential risk factor for oral diseases. However, evidence for the association between work stress and oral diseases is scarce. We aimed to examine the associations of work stress, according to the effort-reward imbalance model, with dental caries, periodontal status, and tooth loss.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 184 regular employees at a medical university and 435 registrants of a web research company. Work stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) ratio. Dental caries and tooth loss were assessed according to the number of decayed, filled, and missing teeth (DMFT) among the set of 28 teeth. Periodontal status was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. For the DMFT, a linear regression model was used to estimate the unstandardised coefficients. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of poor periodontal status.

Results

Among medical university employees and employees enrolled from among the registrants of an online research company, a one-unit increase in the ERI ratio was associated with −2.81 (95% CI [−4.70 to −0.92]; p-value = 0.004) and −0.84 (95% CI [−1.80 to 0.12]; p-value = 0.085) changes in the DMFT from adjusted linear regression models, respectively. In employees enrolled from among the registrants of an online research company, a one-unit increase in the ERI ratio was also associated with 1.55 (95% CI [1.04–2.32]; p-value = 0.032) of the PR for poor periodontal status based on Poisson regression models.

Conclusion

ERI at work was associated with an increased risk of poor periodontal status.
Familial Fibrous Dysplasia in Two Subsequent Generations in a Family
Authors: Gopi Indra , Muthukrishnan Arvind , Ramadurai Jayapriya
Published: July 2022

Cherubism also known as familial fibrous dysplasia is a rare, non neoplastic, self-limiting fibro-osseous disorder commonly affecting the jaws in children and young adults. It is also described as familial multilocular cystic disease and familial benign giant cell tumor of the jaw. It is characterised by bilateral, painless swelling involving the mandible giving a cherubic (angel like) appearance. As it is a rare disorder, it is challenging to determine the disease frequency. A familial disorder like cherubism is more likely to be of autosomal dominant trait and shows 100% male sex predilection compared to female which is 50-70%. Although cherubism becomes noticeable in childhood (2-7 years of age), the treatment is however contentious as the disorder is believed to regress gradually after the onset of puberty and surgical intervention is to be decided based on aesthetics or functional difficulties. Numerous researches have been conducted to prove that cherubism is a genetically mediated disorder and the chromosome mapped is 4q16.3. This paper describes a case of an 11-year-old girl with cherubism and also encountered in two subsequent generations of a family, the father and his three children. The genetic and pedigree analysis carried out in this family proves hereditary basis in better understanding the genetic association related with the disorder. All the patients were educated about the disorder and were advised for surgical management after the onset of puberty
Asymptomatic Cutaneous Plaques on the Scalp and Face in an Older Adult Woman
Authors: Lan Xuemei , Chen Hao , Jiang Yiqun
Published: July 2022

A 79-year-old female patient presented with a 2-year history of asymptomatic erythematous-infiltrated patches and plaques on the right side of her scalp and face, which gradually enlarged and coalesced into large plaques and nodules. What is your diagnosis?
Incidence of Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Breast in the US, 2000 to 2018
Authors: Kinslow Connor J. , Kim Arreum , Sanchez Gloria I. , Cheng Simon K. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Neugut Alfred I. , Horowitz David P.
Published: July 2022

This cohort study of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 database examines the incidence of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of the breast in the US from 2000 to 2018.
A Modified Trocar and Cannula System With Lateral Micropores for 1-Step Drainage of Suprachoroidal Fluid During Primary Vitrectomy
Authors: Zhang Wen-wen , Jiang Feng , Xie Zheng-gao
Published: July 2022

This new instrument review describes a modified trocar and cannula system with lateral micropores for simplified drainage of suprachoroidal fluid during primary vitrectomy in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment.
Boosting the Rate Performance and Capacity of Sb2S3 Nanorods Cathode by Carbon Coating in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Ye Hongjun , Wang Zaifa , Yan Jitong , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Jingzhao , Dai Qiushi , Su Yong , Guo Baiyu , Li Hui , Geng Lin , Du Congcong , Wang Jing , Tang Yongfu , Zhang Liqiang , Zhu Lingyun , Huang Jianyu
Published: July 2022

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a promising electrode material. However, its poor electronic/ionic conductivity severely hinders its practical application. Herein, carbon‐coated Sb2S3 nanorods (Sb2S3@C) are synthesized to address this issue. The electrochemical performance of the Sb2S3@C is evaluated in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) using InLi anode and Li10Si0.3PS6.7Cl1.8 solid‐state electrolytes. The Sb2S3@C cathode delivers the 1st cycle discharge capacity of 711 mAh g‐1 and a stable cycling capacity of 431 mAh g‐1, which are much higher than the 1st cycle discharge capacity of 125 mAh g‐1 and a stable cycling capacity of 320 mAh g‐1 for the uncoated Sb2S3 cathode. In situ transmission electron microscopy reveals that the carbon coating layer acts as an electronic/ionic conductive conduit, which boosts the charge transfer in the electrode dramatically. Consequently, the Sb2S3@C electrochemistry quickly evolves from intercalation to conversion to full alloying. However, the Sb2S3 nanorods without carbon coating undergo sluggish intercalation and conversion reactions, and the alloying reaction is almost impeded, severely limiting the capacity. Therefore, the Sb2S3@C electrode is fully utilized thus delivering much higher capacity and rate performance than the non‐coated Sb2S3 electrode. These results demonstrate that Sb2S3@C is a promising high‐energy‐density cathode for ASSLBs.
Multimodal Hydrogel‐Based Respiratory Monitoring System for Diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Haiyan , Liu Tao , Wu Qinan , Ding Yonghui , Ou Rongxian , Guo Chuigen , Liu Zhenzhen , Wang Qingwen
Published: July 2022

Real‐time monitoring of respiration is vital for human health, especially for forecasting the sleep‐related diseases. A respiratory monitoring system with high accuracy, wearing comfort, portability, and environmental tolerance, is highly desirable, which however remains a big challenge. Here, a multimodal hydrogel sensor with excellent comprehensive performance is fabricated to monitor respiration and diagnose obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The synthetic cellulose‐based hydrogel exhibits good mechanical properties and extreme temperature tolerance, ascribing to the synergistic effects between chemical cross‐linking and multiple hydrogen bonding within the hydrogel network. The fabricated hydrogel sensor can independently monitor the mechanical variation and the thermal change via output signals of capacitance and resistance, respectively. These extraordinary properties of the hydrogel sensor enable the highly reliable and accurate monitoring of the respiratory events and diagnosis of OSAS. This work provides the new and practical way for real‐time respiratory monitoring and preventing the occurrence of sleep‐related diseases.
The Impact of Secondary Building Units in Metal–Organic Frameworks on Plasmonic Gold‐Sensitized Photocatalysis
Authors: Huang Qian‐Qian , Fang Zhi‐Bin , Pang Kuan , Qin Wei‐Kang , Liu Tian‐Fu , Cao Rong
Published: July 2022

Embedding plasmonic metals in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can build an advanced visible‐light photocatalyst architecture utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, while the practical performances have been restricted by the sluggish charge transfer at metal–MOF interface and through the secondary building units (SBUs) of the adopted carboxylate MOFs currently. Herein, a pyrazolate Ni‐MOF (PFC‐9) featured with an 1D SBU chain is selected to be the host catalyst to immobilize Au nanoparticles as a novel and optimized construction for LSPR photocatalysis. Compared with the common 3D‐connected SBUs of carboxyl‐ZrOx and pyrazole‐NiOx configurations in the reference MOFs, the 1D (−Ni−NPz−NPz−)∞ chain in PFC‐9 creates abundant Au/MOF contacts, a short and low‐resistant pathway for Au‐to‐Ni2+ transport of hot electrons, and enables fluent electron utilization at the continuous active Ni sites. Consequently, the Au/PFC‐9 photocatalyst achieves the optimum activity for visible‐light‐driven H2 production. This work shows an example to promote the LSPR‐sensitized photocatalysis taking the advantage of MOFs’ structural tunability, providing significant guidance for the rational design of highly efficient photocatalysts.
Heterophase Interface and Surface Functionalization of TiOx/TiSix Metastable Nanofilms
Authors: Echeverrigaray Fernando Graniero , Figueroa Carlos Alejandro , Zanatta Antonio Ricardo , Alvarez Fernando
Published: July 2022

In this paper, topographically asymmetric TiOx/TiSix metastable ultrathin (nano)films on SiO2/Si(100) are produced by controlling interface reactions through ion beam synthesis. The film growth process involves a dual ion beam system, combining Ar+ sputtering a Ti target and in situ postirradiation (Ar+ + H2+ ion etching) at normal incidence to modify the surface morphology. The film's production and characterization are challenging due to the formation of a complex mixed interface+layers (heterophases) containing nanocrystalline and amorphous compounds of Ti and Si. The results for different ion etching times (0–600 s) are systematically presented and analyzed. With the experimental+theoretical information, it is possible to deduce that the heterophase interface is originated by oxide intermixing in combination with the formation of titanium silicides taking place at the early stages of growth. The reactivity of oxygen and hydrogen species is the dominating factor influencing the metastable film growth mediated by solid‐state phase reactions. Given its crucial role at the (Ti/Si):O interface, the chemical route and control of intrinsic defects (non‐stoichiometry) are defined by domain ordering mechanisms followed by surface restructuring. In view of their main characteristics, taken altogether, the current functional metastable films represent a promising alternative for high‐performance photonic and optoelectronic applications.
Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review
Authors: Beck Anthony , Obst Franziska , Gruner Denise , Voigt Andreas , Mehner Philipp Jan , Gruenzner Stefan , Koerbitz René , Shahadha Mohammed Hadi , Kutscher Alexander , Paschew Georgi , Marschner Uwe , Richter Andreas
Published: July 2022

Stimuli‐sensitive hydrogels have an outstanding potential for miniaturized, integrated sensor, and actuator systems and especially for lab‐on‐chip technology, but the application is still in its infancy. One major reason may be that design and realization of hydrogel‐based systems are exceptionally complex and demanding. Here, the design parameters of a key component, the hydrogel‐based valve, are discussed in their entirety. Key developments in the fields of stimuli‐sensitive hydrogels are highlighted and the necessary know‐how in material behavior, microstructuring technologies, modeling and name five essential design guidelines as well as scaling laws for hydrogel‐based components, including microfluidic one‐directional valves, microelectromechanical systems valves, self‐regulating, chemomechanical valves, and chemofluidic transistors, is provided.
Targeting Glutamine Metabolism to Enhance Immunoprevention of EGFR‐Driven Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Mofei , Xiong Donghai , Pan Jing , Zhang Qi , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Lubet Ronald A. , Montuenga Luis M. , Wang Yian , Slusher Barbara S. , You Ming
Published: July 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Vaccination against EGFR can be one of the venues to prevent lung cancer. Blocking glutamine metabolism has been shown to improve anticancer immunity. Here, the authors report that JHU083, an orally active glutamine antagonist prodrug designed to be preferentially activated in the tumor microenvironment, has potent anticancer effects on EGFR‐driven mouse lung tumorigenesis. Lung tumor development is significantly suppressed when treatment with JHU083 is combined with an EGFR peptide vaccine (EVax) than either single treatment. Flow cytometry and single‐cell RNA sequencing of the lung tumors reveal that JHU083 increases CD8+ T cell and CD4+ Th1 cell infiltration, while EVax elicits robust Th1 cell‐mediated immune responses and protects mice against EGFRL858R mutation‐driven lung tumorigenesis. JHU083 treatment decreases immune suppressive cells, including both monocytic‐ and granulocytic‐myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, and pro‐tumor CD4+ Th17 cells in mouse models. Interestingly, Th1 cells are found to robustly upregulate oxidative metabolism and adopt a highly activated and memory‐like phenotype upon glutamine inhibition. These results suggest that JHU083 is highly effective against EGFR‐driven lung tumorigenesis and promotes an adaptive T cell‐mediated tumor‐specific immune response that enhances the efficacy of EVax.
Remarkably High Conductivity and Power Factor in D–D′‐type Thermoelectric Polymers Based on Indacenodithiophene
Authors: Tripathi Ayushi , Seo Bo Eun , Kim Min Joo , Lee Yoonjoo , Lee Soonyong , Yoon Sang Eun , Kim Un Jeong , Kwon Young Wan , Seo Hyungtak , Kwak Kyungwon , Kim Jong H. , Woo Han Young
Published: July 2022

Three p‐type thermoelectric (TE) polymers based on the indacenodithiophene moiety substituted with bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene side‐chains (IDTS) are synthesized. The TE characteristics of IDTS‐based donor–donor’ (D–D′) type PIDTSDTTT and donor–acceptor (D–A) type polymers, PIDTSBT and PIDTS2FBT are investigated. Remarkably higher electrical conductivity (σ = ≈1000 S cm−1) and power factor (PF = ≈120 μW m−1 K−2) by doping with AuCl3 are measured for PIDTSDTTT compared to D–A type polymers. The higher σ of PIDTSDTTT originates from its higher carrier concentration compared to those of PIDTSBT and PIDTS2FBT. Moreover, the facile polaron‐to‐bipolaron transition is measured, and the charge carriers are calculated to be more stable with extended delocalization in PIDTSDTTT compared to D–A polymers. The significantly higher doping stability in PIDTSDTTT can be explained in terms of the higher conduction band of bipolarons than the valence band of O2 and H2O, which blocks the facile reduction of bipolarons in air. The energetic structures of doped polaron and bipolaron states, as well as pristine TE polymers, must be carefully considered to realize efficient and stable p‐type thermoelectric polymers, where a D–D′ type structure with further enhanced carrier mobility can be considered as a potential molecular framework.
Experiments in ranching: Rain‐index insurance and investment in production and drought risk management
Authors: Shrum Trisha R. , Travis William R.
Published: July 2022

Rainfall is critical for financial viability in ranching, yet droughts are becoming more common. The USDA Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage rain‐index insurance program seek to reduce drought‐related financial risks. Using the DRIR‐R model, we test the investment impact of rainfall‐index insurance with two randomized control simulations, one with a general population and one with professional ranchers. We find no evidence of direct impacts of rainfall‐index insurance on herd size or drought adaptation investments. These findings support the idea that the rain‐index insurance policy limits moral hazard in a way that reduces the likelihood of overgrazing that could intensify drought stress.
A new NiS nanoparticle‐enhanced chemiluminescence method for determination of cephalexin in pharmaceuticals and spiked human serum
Authors: Iranifam Mortaza , Dadashi Zahra
Published: July 2022

It has been reported that NiS nanoparticles (NPs) can markedly enhance light emission from the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol–O2 (λmax = 425 nm). Additionally, it was shown that cephalexin (CEF) could further increase the intensity of light emitted from the NiS NPs–luminol–O2 CL reaction. Inspired by these findings, we aimed to develop a new and straightforward CL method for the determination of CEF. A calibration graph over the range 1.00 × 10−6 to 4.00 × 10−5 mol L−1 was established. The limit of detection of the CL method was 8.00 × 10−7 mol L−1. The coefficient of variation of the CL method was 2.20% (n = 6) for the measurement of 6.00 × 10−6 mol L−1 CEF. NiS NPs were produced by exploiting the precipitation method and identified using several spectroscopic approaches. The proposed CL method was successfully used to measure CEF in some pharmaceutical products and in spiked human serum. The chemical mechanism governing the CL reaction was briefly explained.
A window into eye movement dysfunction following mTBI: A scoping review of magnetic resonance imaging and eye tracking findings
Authors: McDonald Matthew A. , Tayebi Maryam , McGeown Joshua P. , Kwon Eryn E. , Holdsworth Samantha J , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V
Published: July 2022

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), commonly known as concussion, is a complex neurobehavioral phenomenon affecting six in 1000 people globally each year. Symptoms last between days and years as microstructural damage to axons and neurometabolic changes result in brain network disruption. There is no clinically available objective biomarker to diagnose the severity of injury or monitor recovery. However, emerging evidence suggests eye movement dysfunction (e.g., saccades and smooth pursuits) in patients with mTBI. Patients with a higher symptom burden and prolonged recovery time following injury may show higher degrees of eye movement dysfunction. Likewise, recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have revealed both white matter tract damage and functional network alterations in mTBI patients, which involve areas responsible for the ocular motor control. This scoping review is presented in three sections: Section 1 explores the anatomical control of eye movements to aid the reader with interpreting the discussion in subsequent sections. Section 2 examines the relationship between abnormal MRI findings and eye tracking after mTBI based on the available evidence. Finally, Section 3 communicates gaps in our knowledge about MRI and eye tracking, which should be addressed in order to substantiate this emerging field.
Dimorphic evaluation of hippocampal changes in rat model of demyelination: A comparative functional, morphometric, and histological study
Authors: Nooraei Aref , Khazaeel Kaveh , Darvishi Marzieh , Ghotbeddin Zohreh , Basir Zahra
Published: July 2022

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease. Progressive depletion of the brain and spinal cord tissue appears at the onset of the disease. Several studies have shown the increased size of the ventricles of the brain and decreases in the area of the corpus callosum and the width of the brain. Other important symptoms of this disease are cognitive, learning, and memory disorders.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare morphometric, histological, and functional changes in the demyelination model in both sexes.

Materials and methods

In this experimental study, male and female Wistar rats were studied in four experimental groups. Demyelination was induced by the injection of ethidium bromide in the ventricular region. The chronic effect of demyelination on spatial memory, movement, and coordination was investigated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and clinical and balance beam tests, respectively. Myelin degradation, cell death and neurogenesis were estimated using Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunohistochemistry (Caspase‐3 and Nestin markers). In addition, morphometric findings were recorded for the brain and hippocampus (weight, volume, length, width).

Result

Demyelination increased the time and distance index and decreased the residence time in the target quarter in the water maze test (p < .001). It also increases the neuromuscular and modified neurological severity score (p < .01). Demyelination increases caspase‐3 (p < .05) expression and decreases Nestin expression (p < .001), which are directly related to the extent of damage.

Conclusion

This study showed an interaction between hippocampal structural and functional networks in explaining spatial learning and memory in the early stages of MS.
A multi‐perspective exploration of the environmental website disclosure in global manufacturing
Authors: Thimm Heiko , Rasmussen Karsten Boye
Published: July 2022

In this work, more than 340 of the largest manufacturing companies from China, Europe, Japan, and the United States are analysed to measure the extent of their environmental website disclosure from multiple perspectives, to explore determining factors of disclosure and to investigate whether disclosure correlates to scores of environmental performance ratings. The study data set included more than 80 website observation items, data about downloadable annual sustainability reports, financial performance data and the environmental scores in the CDP Rating and the Refinitiv ESG Scores. Descriptive statistical analyses and correlation analyses were performed for the entire sample and for the regional subsets of the sample. One of the major results is that all regions show low levels of website disclosure. However, some variation in the extent of disclosure was found. The lowest level of disclosure was found for Chinese websites. Higher levels were observed for the companies from Europe, Japan and the United States. The analysis of the reports revealed that only one‐third of the sample companies from China but more than half of the companies from Europe, Japan and the United States supply recent reports. It was also found that integrated reports are less used in the United States, particularly when compared with companies from Europe and Japan. Insights also suggest that there is a weak to moderate correlation between one of the disclosure scores used and the Refinitiv ESG Scores. Further correlation analyses did not provide indications that company age and financial performance are to be considered determining factors of environmental website disclosure.
Circular business strategy challenges and opportunities for Industry 4.0: A social media data‐driven analysis
Authors: Bui Tat‐Dat , Tseng Jiun‐Wei , Tran Thi Phuong Thuy , Ha Hien Minh , Tseng Ming‐Lang , Lim Ming K.
Published: July 2022

This study contributes to state‐of‐the‐art circular business strategies (CBSs) for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) by designating the critical indicators since the advent of I4.0 and demonstrating the business challenges and opportunities for the global development of circularity‐based operations. Social media big data‐driven analysis is used to compare geographical regions, and suggestions are made to promote CBSs among regions. CBSs for I4.0 are receiving increasing attention, but a holistic viewpoint and an understanding of the indicators influencing their effective and successful implementation in each region are still lacking. To fill this gap, this study aims to determine the definitive CBS indicators for I4.0 and their opportunities and challenges across regions. As an enormous amount of multisource information is obtained from capitalizing on social media data analytics, firms can adopt social media data‐driven analysis, including content analysis, normal distribution tests, and the entropy weight method, to detect opportunities and challenges connected with the transformation to a CBS for I4.0. There are 28 validated indicators from the original set of relevant hashtags. The results show that the top indicators with a high level of difference among world regions selected for further discussion include waste management, vanguard leadership, deep learning, strategy execution, and collaboration. The findings of this study are a reference for decision‐makers to determine a suitable direction for CBS implementation, thus gaining sustainable competitive advantages.
Research progress of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Chen Leichong , Zong Yan , Li Qianwen , Zhu Kuikui , Li Zhenyu , Meng Rui
Published: July 2022

Vesicles, also known as “microparticles”, are vesicle‐like structures that are released outside the cell in a “sprouting” manner when the cytoskeleton is changed during cell activation or apoptosis, with a diameter of about 100–1000 nm, and are carriers of material information exchange between cells. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles can effectively deliver drugs to the nucleus of tumor stem cells, thus effectively killing them without toxic side effects. The underlying mechanism involves the soft nature of tumor stem cells that allows better uptake of vesicles, and the entry of drug‐carrying vesicles into lysosomes and facilitation of lysosomal movement toward the nucleus to deliver drugs to the nucleus. Drug‐loaded vesicles have unique advantages, such as low immunogenicity, homing targeting ability, and the ability to break through the physiological barrier to tumor therapy. Tumor‐derived drug‐delivery vesicles have entered clinical trials for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. In this review, we summarized the progress of basic and clinical research on tumor cell‐derived drug‐loaded vesicles for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in recent years.
Challenges and Opportunities of Fe‐based Core‐Shell Catalysts for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Agwara Jane N. , Bakas Nikki J. , Neidig Michael L. , Porosoff Marc D.
Published: July 2022

Fe‐based catalysts are an active, selective, and low‐cost option for tuning Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) selectivity toward desirable light olefins. By encapsulating Fe within ZSM‐5, the resultant core‐shell catalysts have the potential to control the product distribution via secondary reactions that occur over the acid sites of the zeolite shell. In this paper, Fe is encapsulated within ZSM‐5 via the seed‐directed growth technique and characterized with a suite of analytical techniques including Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Characterization of the core‐shell catalysts indicates that some of the Fe‐based active phase is destabilized during seed‐directed growth, demonstrating the challenges associated with encapsulating an Fe‐based active phase within zeolites. However, comparing FTS performance of the core‐shell catalyst with the Fe‐based control synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation demonstrates improved selectivity toward the desired C2‐C4 olefins and C5+ hydrocarbons.
Critical factors to inhibit water‐splitting side reaction in carbon‐based electrode materials for zinc metal anodes
Authors: Kang Dong Hyuk , Lee Eunji , Youn Beom Sik , Ha Son , Hyun Jong Chan , Yoon Juhee , Jang Dawon , Kim Kyoung Sun , Kim Hyungsub , Lee Sang Moon , Lee Sungho , Jin Hyoung‐Joon , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Yun Young Soo
Published: July 2022

Zinc metal anodes (ZMA) have high theoretical capacities (820 mAh g−1 and 5855 mAh cm−3) and redox potential (−0.76 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), similar to the electrochemical voltage window of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in a mild acidic electrolyte system, facilitating aqueous zinc batteries competitive in next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the HER and byproduct formation effectuated by water‐splitting deteriorate the electrochemical performance of ZMA, limiting their application. In this study, a key factor in promoting the HER in carbon‐based electrode materials (CEMs), which can provide a larger active surface area and guide uniform zinc metal deposition, was investigated using a series of three‐dimensional structured templating carbon electrodes (3D‐TCEs) with different local graphitic orderings, pore structures, and surface properties. The ultramicropores of CEMs are the determining critical factors in initiating HER and clogging active surfaces by Zn(OH)2 byproduct formation, through a systematic comparative study based on the 3D‐TCE series samples. When the 3D‐TCEs had a proper graphitic structure with few ultramicropores, they showed highly stable cycling performances over 2000 cycles with average Coulombic efficiencies of ≥99%. These results suggest that a well‐designed CEM can lead to high‐performance ZMA in aqueous zinc batteries.
A novel compression based community detection approach using hybrid honey badger African vulture optimization for online social networks
Authors: Kannan Sankara Nayaki , Mannathazhathu Sudheep Elayidom , Raghavan Rajesh
Published: July 2022

Community detection in online social media networks is to identify the connections of nodes within the network. The community can be determined as clusters, modules, or groups in different networks. Community detection is performed to find out the hidden relationships among the nodes in the network. Several works have been conducted till now to detect the community of nodes in the network however the performance is often affected due to the imprecise detection, time complexity, and so on. To detect the community of the nodes in the network effectively we have proposed a novel hybrid honey badger optimization‐based African vulture algorithm (HHBAVO). Prior to the application of HHBAVO, the networks are compressed to reduce the time complexity and effective identification of the community of nodes. The proposed honey badger optimization (HBO) and African vulture optimization (AVO) can be used to achieve global optimization. The algorithms are mainly hybridized to offer optimized global search. This is effectively used to search the nodes globally and to detect the relationship among the nodes. Experimental analyzes depict that the proposed approach can be used to detect the community of the nodes in the online social media networks effectively than the other approaches. For comparative purposes, we have taken state‐of‐art works such as GA, LSMD, DPCD, and ICLA approaches.