bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different Aspects of Translation Revision Process
Authors: Sdobnikov V. V.
Published: March 2021

Translation revision is an integral part of the overall translation process and aims to enhance the translation quality. Differentiation should be made between revision (editing) and proofreading. Special attention is paid to functions performed by a reviser, i.e. actions aiming at producing the text devoid of any defects. The research is topical because an attempt is made to develop a general approach to translation revision which so far is lacking in translation practice. The article reveals the results of an experiment in which the same text has been revised by seven professional revisers. It is concluded that a reviser can enhance the translation quality provided his / her professional competence is better than that of the translator. But still the translated text can have weaknesses missed by the reviser. Moreover, it is found that thorough revision and rewriting of the text not always make it ideal; in some cases, the quality can suffer due to the false interpretation of the text content by the reviser. The research is innovative because it identifies subjective approaches of revisers to translation revision.
Introduction as a Genre of Auto-Commentary in Works of I. S. Turgenev
Authors: Volodina N. V.
Published: March 2021

The phenomenon of the author’s reflection on his works is considered on the basis of the introductions by I. S. Turgenev. The absence of special works on this topic allows us to speak about the novelty of the study. Its relevance is associated with raising the question of the specifics and role of the author’s understanding of the meaning of his own works and its correlation with the perception of the reader. The results of a comparative analysis of all of Turgenev’s introductions are presented in the article. The attitude of Turgenev to the opinion of the reader and criticism is shown. It is proved that Turgenev’s introductions “do not justify” their theoretical expectations, because the writer deliberately refuses to comment on the intentionality and meaning of his works in them. It is concluded that this allows the writer to express a theoretically important idea about the “non-interference” of the writer in the text he created. Particular attention is paid to the “Introduction to the Novels”, which is a kind of metatext uniting all six works of this genre, which allows Turgenev to determine the main direction and principles of his work. It is shown that these issues are considered by the writer in the context of general aesthetic problems: the specifics of artistic cognition, freedom of creativity, the conscious and unconscious in art, the relationship between the artist and the critic / reader, etc.
Reception of J. Austen’s creativity in Contemporary British Literature (Novel by Joe Baker “Longbourne”)
Authors: Ilunina A. A.
Published: March 2021

The experience of reception of creativity of J. Austen (1775—1817) in modern British literature is analyzed. The aim of the work was to identify the main directions and ideological and artistic functions of the deconstruction of pretext — the novel by J. Austen “Pride and Prejudice” (1813) — in the novel by Joe Baker (born in 1973) “Longbourne” (2013). It was revealed that the social, anti-colonial, anti-imperialist, anti-war, feminist components are the most significant in the deconstruction of pretext. For Baker, the main modes of rethinking the novel by J. Austen “Pride and Prejudice” become relevant in the modern social and cultural situation of revising the past and assessing the present in Britain, the problems of social contradictions, imperialism, colonialism and its consequences, the rights of women and minorities. It was concluded that in his artistic quest, Baker, although using the novel of the Regency era as a pretext, is moving closer to the neo-Victorian novel. It has been substantiated that it is advisable to clarify the definition of the “neo-Victorian novel of the younger generation” (the term by Y. S. Skorokhodko), designating works written in the pre-Victorian era, in particular, in the era of the Regency, as possible plot-forming pretexts, or to single out a new genre variety of British historiographic metanovel (L. Hutchen) — a Neo-Pre-Victorian novel.
English Financiers of the Middle of the XIV Century: Features and Results of Activity
Authors: Yablonskaya O. V.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the features of the country’s economic and political development in the second third of the XIV century through the prism of analyzing the activities of famous representatives of the commercial and financial stratum of England. The results of the study of documentary, narrative sources, as well as modern scientific literature are presented. It is noted that the process of capital accumulation by English merchants accelerated in the conditions of the Hundred Years War. The features of the development of trade, credit, customs service are indicated. The relationship of the royal financiers with the parliament and the broad commercial stratum is analyzed. The participation of influential merchants in the financing of military campaigns conducted by Edward III in continental Europe is considered. Particular attention is paid to W. de la Paul and J. Poutney, who were the leaders of the merchant class. The reasons for the bankruptcy of taxation companies in the second half of the 1340s are investigated. The lawsuits against W. de la Paul, J. Poutney, W. Chiriton and T. Swenland are touched upon. It is shown that the bankruptcies and arrests of royal usurers were caused by the complexity of the implementation of government tasks. It is concluded that the economic and political successes of England were achieved largely thanks to the wealthy merchants.
Pengaruh Diskon 9.9 Super Shoping Day Shopee terhadap Minat Beli Pengguna Aplikasi Shopee
Authors: Pratama Aditya Putra , Yoedtadi Moehammad Gafar
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the Shopee discount program on the purchase interest of Shopee application users. The study population was the community in the neighborhood RT03 RW024 Perumahan Villa Gading Harapan, Bekasi. The theory used is the marketing mix theory, discount theory, and purchase interest. In this study, the authors of a questionnaire to 48 Shopee applications who live in the residential area of Villa Gading Harapan, Bekasi. The questionnaire was distributed via a Google form. Data analysis techniques use resistance test, regression analysis test, and hypothesis testing. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. From the results of questionnaire data processing assisted by the SPSS program, it was found that the program had (moderate) effect on the purchase interest of Shopee user applications. And each discount variable has a percentage of 50% which indicates that there is an effect of the discount program from Shopee.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengentahui pengaruh program diskon Shopee terhadap minat beli pengguna aplikasi Shopee. Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di lingkungan RT03 RW024 Perumahan Villa Gading Harapan, Bekasi. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori bauran pemasaran, teori diskon, dan minat beli. Pada penelitian ini penulis menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 48 orang pengguna aplikasi Shopee yang berdomisili di lingkungan Perumahan Villa Gading Harapan, Bekasi. Kuesioner disebarkan melalui Google form. Teknik analisa data mengguanakan uji korelasi, uji analisis regresi,dan uji hipotesis. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dari hasil pengolahan data kuesioner yang dibantu dengan program SPSS didapatkan hasil bahwa ternyata program diskon berpengaruh (sedang) terhadap minat beli pengguna aplikasi Shopee. Dan di setiap variabel diskon memiliki presentase sebesar 50% yang menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh program diskon dari Shopee.
Strategi Pengarang Ghosty’s Menghadapi Persaingan Komik Digital (Studi pada Komik Ghosty’s)
Authors: Alricoh Elias Benny , Paramita Sinta , Pandrianto Nigar
Published: March 2021

Technology is developing rapidly, technology products are created to provide convenience to the community, which is new media. When through the development of technology, the spread of comics is also widely spread, comics that were originally using print media are now developing using digital media. To disseminate comic content, digital comic authors now using social media to promote their comics to a large extent. So digital comic authors need a strategy to disseminate digital comic content, attract readers, and get collaborative offers to raise their name. In this research the authors used a descriptive qualitative analysis method, to find out the strategies used by Ghosty's comic authors in spreading, and raising their names. The author collected data by interviewing the author of Ghosty's Comic, and his friends at once readers to get the data needed in this research. The results of this reserach illustrate that it is important to use strategies to create interesting digital comic content so that the Ghosty's comics can get collaborations such as Tokopedia, Orang Tua Group, Line Webtoon.Teknologi berkembang dengan pesat, banyak produk teknologi diciptakan untuk memberikan kemudahan pada masyarakat, salah satunya adalah media baru. Saat melalui perkembangan teknologi medium penyebaran komik juga meluas, komik yang semula menggunakan media cetak kini berkembang menggunakan media digital. Untuk menyebarkan konten komik, pengarang komik digital kini menggunakan media sosial untuk mempromosikan komiknya ke kalangan yang luas. Maka pengarang komik digital memerlukan sebuah strategi untuk melakukan penyebaran konten komik digital, menarik pembaca, dan mendapatkan tawaran kolaborasi untuk membesarkan namanya. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif analisis,  untuk mengetahui strategi yang digunakan pengarang komik Ghosty’s dalam menyebarkan, dan membesarkan namanya. Penulis mengumpulkan data dengan melakukan wawancara dengan pengarang komik Ghosty’s, dan teman sekaligus pembacanya untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa pentingnya menggunakan strategi untuk membuat konten komik digital yang menarik sehingga dengan besarnya nama komik Ghosty’s bisa mendapatkan kolaborasi seperti Tokopedia, Orang Tua Group, Line Webtoon.
Hubungan Motif Penggunaan Informasi dalam Beauty Journal dengan Kepuasan Pengunjung Website Sociolla.com (Survei Terhadap Perempuan Pengguna Situs Sociolla.com)
Authors: Naftali Disha , Rusdi Farid
Published: March 2021

Many ways are used to support the appearance properly one of which is to treat the body and use beauty products. Many quality products offered by Sociolla.com sometimes make users also confused to choose the best product for their conditions. With the Beauty Journal feature, users can find out in advance superior products that are in accordance with the user's skin condition, based on price, based on local brands and others. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the relationship between the motives for using information in the Beauty Journal with the satisfaction of Sociolla.com website visitors. This study uses a quantitative approach. The theoretical foundation used in this research is uses and gratification and online media. The independent variable in this study is the motive for using Beauty Journal information and the dependent variable is the level of satisfaction of website visitors at sociolla.com on the information in the Beauty Journal feature. Researchers used a purposive sampling technique with 100 respondent sample. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires in the form of Google Forms consisting of 30 indicators. Data analysis techniques used correlation coefficients, simple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination. The final result obtained is the motive for using information in the Beauty Journal to influence the satisfaction of visitors to the website sociolla.com.Banyak cara yang digunakan untuk menunjang penampilan dengan baik salah satunya adalah dengan merawat tubuh dan menggunakan produk kecantikan. Banyak produk yang berkualitas yang ditawarkan oleh Sociolla.com terkadang membuat pengguna juga bingung untuk memilih produk yang terbaik untuk kondisi mereka. Dengan adanya fitur Beauty Journal, pengguna bisa mencari tahu terlebih dahulu produk unggulan yang sesuai dengan kondisi kulit pengguna, berdasarkan harga, berdasarkan merek lokal dan lain-lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan motif penggunaan informasi dalam Beauty Journal dengan kepuasan pengunjung website Sociolla.com. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Landasan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu uses and gratification dan media online. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah motif penggunaan informasi Beauty Journal dan variabel dependen adalah tingkat kepuasan pengunjung website sociolla.com terhadap informasi dalam fitur Beauty Journal. Peneliti menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner berupa Google Forms yang terdiri dari 30 indikator. Teknik analisis data menggunakan koefisien korelasi, analisis regresi linear sederhana dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil akhir yang diperoleh adalah motif penggunaan informasi dalam Beauty Journal berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pengunjung website sociolla.com.
Skin cytokine profile in patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Karamova Arfenya E. , Nikonorov Alexandr А. , Verbenko Dmitry A. , Znamenskaya Lyudmila F. , Vorontsova Anastasiia
Published: March 2021

Aim of the study. To determine the concentration of cytokines in the skin of patients with mycosis fungoides and correlations between their concentration and the value of the modified scale for assessing the severity of skin lesions mSWAT.
Methods. The concentration of cytokines was simultaneously determined using xMAP technology: IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL -31, IL-33, IFN-, sCD40L, TNF- in skin biopsies of 21 patients with early (IAIIA) stages of mycosis fungoides and 4 healthy individuals. Analysis and visualization of the obtained data were carried out using R Statistical Software for MacOS (version 1.3.1056), a free open source software development environment for the R programming language.
Results. An increase in the level of IL-4 and TNF- in the lesions in patients with mycosis fungoides compared with healthy individuals was shown (p = 0.025 and p = 0.012, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed the formation of cytokine networks in the skin of patients with mycosis fungoides that were not associated with the value of the modified scale for assessing the severity of skin lesions mSWAT. A tendency towards a negative relationship between the mSWAT and IFN scales was found (p = 0.056).
Conclusion. None of the cytokines in lesions and visually unaffected skin from patients with mycosis fungoides were associated with mSWAT values.
Tactics of treatment of the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis
Authors: Filip S. S. , Rusyn V. V. , Hadzheha І. І.
Published: March 2021

Objective. To substantiate the indications for surgical treatment of the inflow thrombophlebitis, depending on state of venous hemodynamics in the large subcutaneous vein basin.
Materials and methods. Analysis of the examination and treatment results was conducted in 23 patients, suffering the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis in the large subcutaneous vein basin.
Results. Localization, length, borders, level of proximal and distal edges of thrombotic occlusion, and the thrombotic masses character were estimated in a case of the inflow thrombophlebitis diagnosis. Establishment of an acute inflow varico-thrombophlebitis diagnosis have had served the indication for performance of an urgent operation. At the same time, taking into account of the ultrasonographic investigation results obtained, it became possible to elaborate a differentiated tactics for the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis in the large subcutaneous vein basin present.
Conclusion. Following an active surgical tactics for the inflow varico-thrombophlebitis have permitted to prevent effectively the spread of thrombtotic process on the large subcutaneous vein trunk and insufficient perforant veins, as well as to prevent the development of thrombosis in deep veins and venous thromboembolism morbidity. At the same time the operation volume reduction due to the inflow thrombophlebitis presence in the patient gave a chance to preserve the intact subcutaneous vein for possible further reconstructive interventions and to prevent the chronic venous insufficiency development as well.
Experimental study of rib distortion in orthotropic steel decks
Authors: Fang Heng , Iqbal Nouman , Outtier Amelie , Kashif Muhammad , De Backer Hans
Published: March 2021

Longitudinal ribs with the trapezoidal section are broadly adopted in orthotropic steel decks especially for long span bridges. When the tire load is eccentric from the axis of the rib, the torsional rigidity of ribs is critically reduced by distortion which impedes the horizontal dispersal of load. Because of the existence of cutouts in crossbeam, the high stress concentration at the rib-to-crossbeam joint caused by the rib distortion makes the joint easily prone to fatigue damage. In this paper, based on the parametric analysis of several classical design parameters, static load experiments of an orthotropic steel deck specimen are performed. Measurement results support the positive correlations between the weld length of rib-to-crossbeam joint and the distortional stress. The most unfavorable load position of stress concentration induced by rib distortion is also verified, which is about 1600 mm away from the investigated crossbeam. Experimental results indicate that ribs are deformed toward different directions at the midspan section and the crossbeam section separately when the load is eccentric from the axis of rib.
Fire of steel and composite beam bridges
Authors: Zobel Henryk , Karwowski Wojciech , Golubińska Agnieszka , Al-Khafaji Thakaa
Published: March 2021

The problem of bridge fires is growing. Because of a bad experience in Poland, it was decided to improve fire resistance of long span bridge structures, and of cable-stayed bridges in particular. Statistics shows that fire is a real threat to this kind of structure. They also confirm that the worst results of fire are for those with an orthotropic deck rather than with a concrete one. The basic problems to solve are how to predict fire resistance of a particular bridge and how to ensure safety and structural integrity of the bridge structure. Taking into account the fact that bridge standards do not include information relating to fire protection, and fire standards do not determine rules for design, construction and maintenance of such structures, there are no regulations for this problem. Fire scenarios are devoted to buildings, but the thermo-structural behavior of bridges is different.
Evolving Infrastructure - Light and Transparent
Authors: Stein Michael A.
Published: March 2021

In very simple terms cities consist of infrastructure, operations, and people. All over the world more and more people are migrating to cities to find work and improve their living conditions. Consequently, for more and more people the built environment in our cities becomes their natural environment. The quality of the natural environment has a strong impact on the well-being of the people living in it, thus, we can improve the quality of life for an ever-growing number of people by improving the quality of buildings and structures. For years under public budget pressure, infrastructure has been designed focusing mainly on functional aspects, with occasionally abysmal results in terms of user friendliness. More recently this trend has reversed, and this paper shows some examples of large and small infrastructure projects in New York City where special emphasis has been put on creating a pleasant experience for commuters and other travelers. Engineers play an important role in this trend, as with their knowledge and creativity they are instrumental in supporting the municipality’s efforts to find affordable solutions for their projects.
Health monitoring of long span bridges and design verification with typhoon data
Authors: Carter Matt , Hussain Naeem , Yeung Ngai , Kite Steve , Chan K. W. Y. , Chung R.
Published: March 2021

Stonecutters Bridge is 1,018m main span cable stayed bridge in Hong Kong. The bridge incorporates a Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) for monitoring the environmental loading condition such as traffic, temperature, wind and earthquake as well as the structural responses of the bridge including deflections, strains and long-term change of the bridge. A very powerful typhoon called Mangkhut, with 1- minute sustained wind speed up to 285km/h (180mph), struck Hong Kong on September 16, 2018. The response of Stonecutters Bridge under the action of this typhoon and the site-specific typhoon data have been recorded by the WASHMS. This paper analyses the measurement data of the typhoon loading and the bridge responses to demonstrate the use of health monitoring system for long span bridges and to verify the design of the bridge by comparison of the wind loading condition and stress conditions in major structural components.
Vehicle Weight Estimation Using Wireless Accelerometers on a Steel-Box Girder Bridge
Authors: Nagayama Tomonori , Kato So , Wang Haoqi , Su Di , Nishio Mayuko
Published: March 2021

While the traffic loads need to be understood toward efficient management of bridges, the loads on each bridge are not well assessed. An easy‐to‐implement vehicle weight estimation technique toward Bridge Weigh‐In‐Motion (BWIM) is developed based on wireless accelerometers; the algorithm is studied for the application to ordinary road bridges where traffic speed is not necessarily high and drive speed fluctuation is not insignificant. The method uses only accelerometers installed on the girders, decreasing installation cost and time which typical BWIM systems based on strain measurement need. A measurement system consisting of battery operated wireless sensors is employed. The system can continue to work over weeks to assess the vehicle weigh distributions of days of a week. The system is installed on a continuous box‐girder bridge and the performance is examined. The system was shown to assess the weight of all heavy vehicles.
Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future
Authors: Block Rijk , Kuit Barbara , Schröder Torsten , Teuffel Patrick
Published: March 2021

The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.

One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.
Experimental investigation of the behaviour of Unreinforced Masonry strengthened with UHPFRC
Authors: Lampropoulos Andreas P. , Maisuria Neil , Tsioulou Ourania T.
Published: March 2021

The majority of existing Unreinforced Masonry (URM) structures are prone to weathering and catastrophic events such as earthquakes. The repair and strengthening of unreinforced masonry is a challenging task mainly due to the poor connection between the new materials and the existing substrate. The applications of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) for the strengthening of URM show that premature de-bonding and failure of the strengthened elements may occur.

In the current study, the application of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforcement Concrete (UHPFRC) layers for the improvement of the structural performance of URM specimens made of engineering bricks has been examined. Different percentages of steel fibres have been used and layers have been cast in connection with the URM specimens. Additional provisions for the improvement of the connection between the UHPFRC and the bricks have also been examined. The effect of the thickness of the layers and the effect of the fibre percentage of the UHPFRC have been investigated via flexural out of plane tests. The load mid- span deflection results have been recorded alongside with the slip at the UHPFRC-to-bricks interface and the results show that the structural performance of the URM specimens can be significantly improved with the proposed technique.
The Behavior of Tiled Laminate GFRP Composites, a Class of Robust Materials for Civil Applications
Authors: De Corte Wouter , Uyttersprot Jordi , Van Paepegem Wim
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the structural behavior of tiled laminate composites. Such laminates, in which the plies are not parallel to the outer surfaces are found in GFRP bridge deck panels. The technology is developed for the construction of robust GFRP panels useful in highly loaded structures such as bridges or lock gates. In civil structures, the drawback in traditional FRP sandwich structures has always been debonding of skin and core. Such a debonding problem may occur after unintentional impact, followed by fatigue loading. Through the concept of using overlapping Z-shaped and two-flanged web laminates, alternating with polyurethane foam cores, debonding is no longer possible in vacuum infused GFRP bridge deck panels. In such panels, the fibers in the upper and lower skins as well as in the vertical webs run in all directions, rendering a resin-dominated crack propagation impossible. As a result of the integration of core and skin reinforcement, a skin material is created in which the reinforcement is not parallel to the outer surfaces, but tiled. Based on experimental results and numerical simulations the relevance of tiled laminates for civil applications is demonstrated.
Design and Practice of Structural Health Monitoring System for Large Span Urban Rail Transit Bridge Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Liu Xueshan , Chen Xiaohu , Zhou Jianting
Published: March 2021

Rail transit bridges in Chongqing are of considerably complexed structure and enormous scale, thus even a minor impairment of the bridge structural performance could cause significant consequences in the daily operation of rail transit systems. To answer the realistic needs and requests brought up by the rail transit bridges, this paper introduces a framework of structural health monitoring system that is based on Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent cloud platform. The system is designed to improve the safety of bridges by performing real-time intelligent acquisition and information transmission on subjects such as natural environment, stress status of the bridge structures, status of trains operation, and etc. The system realizes a series of functions: reception and storage of real-time information of the structure’s behavior, remote monitoring, early warning, and etc. Those functions empower the decision-maker to act more efficiently and more effectively in different scenarios, both at management, maintenance and trains operational levels.
The Encoding of Field in EFL Learners' Academic Writing in English
Authors: Rahayu Budi
Published: March 2021

One of the problems in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) is the teachers’ lack of knowledge on the process of the students’ text production, which seems to have not been adequately explored and described. This research aims to describe the process of encoding of Field in EFL learners' academic writing in English, especially argumentative texts, focusing on how students produce the texts and why they produce the texts as they do. A Mixed method is applied in this research; Qualitative data is collected from interviews and quantitative data is compiled from the texts produced by a group of 25 Indonesian university students, who become the subject of this research. The findings show that Indonesian students, when writing English argumentative texts, use mostly Material process, Relational process, and Mental process. Furthermore, the students mostly use Circumstance of Reason, Time and Circumstance of Degree. These types of Processes and Circumstances are encoded in the text for the reasons of elaborating, explaining, and expressing opinions, based on the question asked. In other words, the encoding of Field seems to be influenced by the question or prompt given. This has given an idea of how foreign language teaching should be conducted.
Endothelial Protein C Receptor Expression is Regulated by Sp1 Transcription Factor in Murine Microglia
Authors: TÜFEKCİ Kemal Uğur , ATEŞ Halil , GENÇ Şermin
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Microglial cells are the central regulators of inflammatory responses in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to surveillance during resting state, they become activated due to microbial molecules and pathological insults. Endogenously expressed Activated protein C (APC) is an anticoagulant molecule with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective roles, mediated by one of its receptors, Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). This study aimed to examine the basal and inducible expression of EPCR and unravel the regulatory mediators of its expression in microglia.
Methods: We studied probable effects of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Peptidoglycan (PGN), and Polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] on EPCR mRNA and protein levels in N9 mouse microglial cells by qPCR and flow cytometry. Then, Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Mithramycin A (MMA) were used to inhibit transcription factors in the promoter region of the EPCR gene, which are Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1), and specificity protein 1 (Sp1).
Results: As a result, the Sp1 transcription factor’s chemical inhibition impaired the upregulating effects of LPS and PGN on EPCR expression.
Conclusion: Thus, our data suggest that LPS and PGN gave rise to increased EPCR levels in microglia, mainly through the Sp1 transcription factor.
Genetic Similarity of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Nose and Mobile Phones of Healthcare Providers Working in the Operating Room and Intensive Care Unit
Authors: GÜLDAŞ Nevcivan , SARI Ayşe Nur , GÜLAY Zeynep
Published: March 2021

Purpose : Staphylococcus aureus colonized in the nose of healthcare workers is an important risk factor for the development of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infections. Cross-contamination of this bacterium between the hands of healthcare workers and the surfaces they contact is known. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clonal relationship between eight S. aureus strains isolated from the nose of healthcare providers and five S. aureus strains isolated from mobile phones carried by healthcare providers.
Methods: The clonal relationship between the strains and molecular epidemiological status were investigated by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method.
Results : The first and third strains are isolated from the mobile phone and the nose of a healthcare provider working in the intensive care unit were the same. The second and fourth strains were isolated from the mobile phone and nose of another healthcare provider working in the intensive care unit were the same. The fifth strain, which was found to be the same as the second and fourth strains, was isolated from the mobile phone of another healthcare provider working in the intensive care unit. No similarity was observed between the other strains.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that S. aureus strains colonized in the nose of healthcare workers are also transmitted to other surfaces and that the hospital environment and co-used devices pose a risk for spread. For this reason, training of healthcare workers on the infection control procedure, hand hygiene, environmental disinfection and regular cleaning of mobile phones are important components in order to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
Drug Resistance Mechanisms on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: KURTER Hasan , YEŞİL Janberk , DASKIN Ezgi , ÇALIBAŞI KOÇAL Gizem , ELLİDOKUZ Hülya , BAŞBINAR Yasemin
Published: March 2021

Standard treatment for colorectal cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents used in colorectal cancer such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine which is oral form of 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. One of the major challenges in chemotherapy considered as drug resistance. Drug resistance occurs in many different mechanisms such as alteration in tumor microenvironment, growth kinetics, genetic variations, and tumor heterogeneity. These cytotoxic agents are used in combination form to overcome drug resistance on colorectal cancer. They can also be used in combination with cytotoxic agents as bevacizumab and cetuximab. Combination therapy depends on tumor burden, type, stage, and molecular characteristics. It is crucial to choose the combination therapy to be applied by taking these factors into consideration. In this review, current drug resistance mechanisms were discussed and then mechanisms of conventional chemotherapy related resistance were explained.
Анализ и оценка последствий наводнения в г.Тулуне (Иркутская область)
Authors: Дугарова Г. Б.
Published: March 2021

 Статья посвящена результатам оценки и анализа последствий наводнения, произошедшего в июне 2019 г. в г.Тулуне Иркутской области. Изучены теоретико-методологические аспекты социально-экономических исследований наводнений. Особое внимание автор уделяет обоснованию выбора методики оценки прямых экономических потерь. Определен ряд недостатков и проблем при использовании различных существующих методик. Проведен анализ отдельных составляющих экономического ущерба с учетом их разнородной природы и специфических особенностей. Несмотря на ограниченность, разрозненность и несопоставимость информации, поступающей из разных источников, представленный анализ и оценка охватывают ключевые виды жизнедеятельности и сектора экономики. В целом, по мнению автора, они дают реальную картину последствий наводнения в г. Тулуне. Исследование и его результаты основаны на обработке первичных данных.
Арктическая корпорация: подступы к формированию новой теории (часть 1)
Authors: Пилясов А. Н. , Богодухов А О.
Published: March 2021

Радикальные отличия ресурсодобывающих транснациональных корпораций (ТНК) от таковых в обрабатывающей промышленности делают невозможным механическое копирование постулатов существующей теории ТНК на арктические ресурсные компании. Авторы предлагают формировать теорию арктических ресурсных ТНК на основе триады: OLI-парадигмы Д. Даннинга, концепции ресурсного цикла (цепочки) И. Комара и основ эволюционной экономики и экономической географии. Развитие ресурсных корпораций понимается как постоянное наращивание и диверсификация портфеля компетенций. Использование «мягких» критериев позволило выделить 19 ресурсных компаний, работающих в российской Арктике. Из них три – «Новатэк», «Газпромнефть» и «Норникель» – являются преимущественно арктическими. Ключевые характеристики арктических ТНК в аспекте предлагаемой авторами теории показаны на конкретных примерах деятельности российских компаний в последние два десятилетия.
Проблеми наземних випробувань турбовальних газотурбінних двигунів типу ТВ3-117
Authors: Литвяк О.М. , Комар С.В.
Published: March 2021

При наземних випробуваннях газотурбінних двигунів ТВ3-117 на гідравлічних гальмівних установках часто реєструють автоколивання частоти обертання ротора вільної турбіни і параметрів турбокомпресора в області роботи регулятора обертів вільної турбіни. Однією з причин розвитку автоколивань в системі автоматичного регулювання вільної турбіни є невідповідність завантажувальних характеристик гідрогальмівної установки завантажувальним характеристикам несучого гвинта вертольота. При наземних випробуваннях об'єктом регулювання є вільна турбіна з підключеним ротором гідрогальма. При роботі двигуна в складі силової установки вертольота об'єктом регулювання є вільна турбіна з підключеним ротором несучого гвинта. Зміна параметрів об'єкта регулювання без відповідної корекції параметрів регулятора може призводити до незадовільної динаміки системи автоматичного регулювання. Іншою причиною розвитку автоколивань є нелінійність характеристик елементів системи автоматичного регулювання. Розроблено математичну модель системи автоматичного регулювання обертів вільної турбіни, що враховує нелінійні особливості характеристик реальних регуляторів. Проведено розрахункові дослідження впливу розриву статичної характеристики і зони нечутливості регулятора на розвиток автоколивань в системі автоматичного регулювання обертів вільної турбіни при наземних випробуваннях вертолітного двигуна. Дано рекомендації щодо вибору параметрів регулятора обертів вільної турбіни для запобігання виникненню і розвитку автоколивань обертів турбокомпресора і вільної турбіни.
Application of the Agile methodology in the practice of project-based learning in the training of IT specialists
Authors: Шапошнікова О.П. , Кірвас В.В.
Published: March 2021

Theoretical and practical issues of the active learning methods application using the high-profile methodologies aimed at finding effective learning technologies have been considered. There have been analysed the educational methodologies based on the Agile methodology to solve educational problems, taking into account the values and principles of the Agile methodology formulated in the Agile Manifesto. The project-based learning practice introduction in the educational process with the adaptation of the Agile methodology for teaching the “Architecture and analysis of software requirements”, “Software quality and testing”, “IT projects management” disciplines has been suggested, and the results of this approach have been analyzed.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Semurup
Authors: Lestari Puti Ana , Dewi Ratna Sari , Suroso Suroso
Published: March 2021

Data Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jambi tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi balita pendek (stunting) di Kabupaten Kerinci sebesar 35,0%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Semurup Kabupaten Kerinci Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan case control. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 62 responden yaitu 31 (kasus) dan 31 (kontrol). Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan (p=0,000; OR=85,5) dan saluran pembuangan air limbah (p=0,000; OR=62,6) dengan kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Semurup Kabupaten Kerinci. Tidak ada hubungan antara pendapatan (p=0,129), imunisasi dasar (p=1,27) dan ASI Eksklusif (p=0,25) dengan kejadian stunting wilayah kerja Puskesmas Semurup Kabupaten Kerinci. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan dan saluran pembuangan air limbah merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Semurup Kabupaten Kerinci.
Analisis Kadar Klor Bebas (Cl2) dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat di Sepanjang Sungai Cidanau Kota Cilegon
Authors: Hayat Fauzul
Published: March 2021

Latar Belakang & Tujuan: Klorin digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai bahan desinfektan, pemutih maupun pembersih. Pencemaran limbah yang mengandung klorin berpotensi mencemari perairan sungai Cidanau. Kadar klor bebas (Cl2) di perairan sungai melebihi baku mutu lingkungan berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk menganalisis kadar klor bebas (Cl2) dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan masyarakat di sepanjang Sungai Cidanau Kota Cilegon. Metode: Analisis laboratorium menggunakan alat spektrofotometer pharo-Cl2 untuk menentukan kadar klor bebas (Cl2). Pengambilan sampel air sungai pada 4 (empat) titik sampling yaitu Desa Ranca Senggol Cinangka, Jembatan Cikalumpang, Jembatan Ciparay Cinangka, bendungan KTI Cinangka menggunakan grab sampling. Analisis data dilakukan membandingkan kadar klor bebas (Cl2) dengan baku mutu lingkungan air sungai menurut peraturan PP no. 82 tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar klor bebas (Cl2) di empat titik sampling yaitu Desa Ranca Senggol Cinangka sebesar (0,335 mg/L), Jembatan Cikalumpang sebesar (0.28 mg/L), Jembatan Ciparay Cinangka sebesar (0,295 mg/L), Bendungan KTI Cinangka sebesar (0,335 mg/L). Kasus penyakit berbasis air di wilayah Kota Cilegon diantaranya penyakit dermatitis (49,4%), gastritis (28,8%) dan kasus diare sebanyak 21,8%. Kesimpulan: Kadar klor bebas (Cl2) di Sungai Cidanau Kota Cilegon melebihi baku mutu lingkungan berdasarkan PP Nomor 82 tahun 2001 yaitu sebesar 0,03 mg/L. Penyakit berbasis air diduga akibat pencemaran klor bebas (Cl2) air sungai Cidanau. Dilakukan pengolahan air limbah di kawasan industri Kota Cilegon.Kata Kunci: Klor Bebas (Cl2), Sungai Cidanau, Penyakit Berbasis Air
Effect of pelvic girdle stability training on functional sitting control in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy
Authors:   Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatric, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Ahmed W. S. , Gharib R. M. ,   Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatric, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Salah El-Din H. M. ,   National Researches Center, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Egypt, El-Talawy H. A. ,   Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatric, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research was to examine the impact of pelvic girdle stability training in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy on functional sitting control. Thirty children with hypotonic cerebral palsy in both sexes, with their ages ranging from two to four years were used in the study. There were fifteen children in the experimental group and fifteen children in the control group. The study group received pelvic girdle stability training program in addition to a selected program for upper limbs and trunk muscles strengthening exercises, while the control group received only the selected program for upper limbs and trunk muscles strengthening exercises. Results revealed significant difference of GMFM88 (sitting domain) (P < 0.01), stationary raw scores and stationary standard scores of PDMS-2 (P < 0.05) but no significant difference of age equivalent of PDMS-2 (P > 0.05). GMFM88, on the other hand, had a significant difference (sitting domain) (P < 0.05) but no significant difference of stationary raw scores, stationary standard scores and age equivalent of PDMS-2 (P > 0.05) in the control group. Paired t-test were conducted for comparison between pre and post treatment mean values of sitting domain and stationary scores in each group. From the obtained results of the present study, we conclude that pelvic girdle stability training program was more effective in generating core muscle activity for functional sitting control compared to traditional physical therapy of upper limbs and trunk muscles strengthening exercises in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. Keywords: Pelvic girdle stability, functional sitting control, hypotonic cerebral palsy.
Sex ratio at birth in Vietnam among six subnational regions during 1980–2050, estimation and probabilistic projection using a Bayesian hierarchical time series model with 2.9 million birth records
Authors: Chao Fengqing , Guilmoto Christophe Z. , Ombao Hernando
Published: March 2021

The sex ratio at birth (SRB, i.e., the ratio of male to female births) in Vietnam has been imbalanced since the 2000s. Previous studies have revealed a rapid increase in the SRB over the past 15 years and the presence of important variations across regions. More recent studies suggested that the nation’s SRB may have plateaued during the 2010s. Given the lack of exhaustive birth registration data in Vietnam, it is necessary to estimate and project levels and trends in the regional SRBs in Vietnam based on a reproducible statistical approach. We compiled an extensive database on regional Vietnam SRBs based on all publicly available surveys and censuses and used a Bayesian hierarchical time series mixture model to estimate and project SRB in Vietnam by region from 1980 to 2050. The Bayesian model incorporates the uncertainties from the observations and year-by-year natural fluctuation. It includes a binary parameter to detect the existence of sex ratio transitions among Vietnamese regions. Furthermore, we model the SRB imbalance using a trapezoid function to capture the increase, stagnation, and decrease of the sex ratio transition by Vietnamese regions. The model results show that four out of six Vietnamese regions, namely, Northern Midlands and Mountain Areas, Northern Central and Central Coastal Areas, Red River Delta, and South East, have existing sex imbalances at birth. The rise in SRB in the Red River Delta was the fastest, as it took only 12 years and was more pronounced, with the SRB reaching the local maximum of 1.146 with a 95% credible interval (1.129, 1.163) in 2013. The model projections suggest that the current decade will record a sustained decline in sex imbalances at birth, and the SRB should be back to the national SRB baseline level of 1.06 in all regions by the mid-2030s.
Pelatihan Memulai Usaha Untuk Wirausahawan Pada Remaja Mesjid Kecamatan Medan Helvetia
Authors: Rangkuti May Hana Bilqis , Nasution Abdillah Arif , Risanty Risanty , Agustrisna Juwita , Ismail Mustia
Published: March 2021

Remaja Mesjid Himpunan Muda Mudi Islam Akbaar (HIMMIA) in Medan Helvetia District consists of several youths who have the ability and skills. However, the development and fostering of an entrepreneurial spirit is still not optimal because the level of education of most of the target audience is high school graduates who rarely or may never receive entrepreneurship knowledge and education. Many potential creative ideas for running a business have not been explored optimally. For this reason, it requires entrepreneurial knowledge and skills that have been initiated from a young age so that it can increase entrepreneurial skills which become the basic capital for someone who wants to be engaged in certain business fields. Entrepreneurial ability is not due to the talent factor, but will also arise and be felt through entrepreneurial experiences and trainings. Therefore, it is important to do counseling about entrepreneurship among the young generation of the HIMMIA Mosque, Medan Helvetia Subdistrict, so that their orientation is no longer as job seekers, but as job creators.
The Economic and Long-Term Health Consequences of Canadian COVID-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Bryan Kevin A. , Buajitti Emmalin , Rosella Laura C. , Goel Vivek
Published: March 2021

To prevent exponential spread of COVID-19, many governments restricted economic activity through lockdowns. We model these restrictions as shocks to productivity by sector and trace total equilibrium effects across the economy using techniques from production network economics. We combine this economic model with an epidemiological model of income shocks to long-term health. On both long-run health and economic grounds, it is better to keep upstream sectors such as transportation, manufacturing, and wholesale open than consumer-facing sectors such as retail and restaurants.