bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inorganic phosphate induces cementogenic/osteogenic gene expression and mineralization in dental follicle cells in vitro
Authors: Yamamoto Yuri , Toyosawa Satoru , Sato Sunao
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Phosphate is an essential factor in skeletal mineralization. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an important regulator of various genes in osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and dental pulp cells. However, the effects of Pi on the precursor cells of periodontal cells remain unknown. The present study aimed to assess the effects of Pi on dental follicle cells that contribute to periodontium formation as precursor cells.

Material and methods: Murine dental follicle cells (SVF4) were treated with Pi, and the corresponding effects on mineralization and gene expression were observed. Mineralized nodule formation during SVF4 differentiation was assayed by alizarin red S staining. Expression of genes associated with differentiation and mineralization was analyzed by quantitative real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Treatment of SVF4 cells with 3mM Pi induced mineral nodule formation after 2 weeks. In addition, treatment with 3mM Pi upregulated the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and osteopontin and downregulated the mRNA expression of noggin. The effects of Pi on SVF4 were blocked by treatment with phosphonoformic acid, also known as foscarnet, which is the competitive inhibitor of Na‐Pi transport.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that Pi enhanced dental follicle cell differentiation by upregulating cementogenic/osteogenic gene expression.
Recasting the Threat of Chemical Terrorism in the EU: the Issue of Returnees from the Syrian Conflict
Authors: MCLEISH Caitríona
Published: December 2017

Chemical terrorist attacks by non-state actors have traditionally been characterised as low probability events; however, the apparent normalisation of chemical weapons use, including by terrorists, in the ongoing conflict in Syria is causing some in the international security community to question whether it will remain low probability. For Europe there is an additional potential concern, namely the numbers of EU citizens who are “foreign fighters” and whose return from the conflict zone might also result in “importing” chemical weapons use. This article examines the rise of the “chemical weapons-returning foreign fighter” narrative and considers aspects of the European response. These responses predate the current concerns and include important efforts to create a robust public health response, such as early alert and communication systems, so that the attractiveness of these weapons being used within a European context might be reduced. Although there are limitations as to how far one can transfer what happens in a Syrian context to Europe, the suggestion is made that some of the framing assumptions within this response architecture may be now inadvertently limiting the potential to identify and respond to chemical attacks.
Personal and Environmental Factors Affecting Hong Kong High-Ability Students’ School Satisfaction
Authors: Lam Cici Sze-ching , Yeung Patcy P.S. , Yuen Mantak
Published: December 2017

This report is part of a larger project investigating school satisfaction of early adolescents in Hong Kong. The research questions in this part of the study focused on the school experience of 21 high-ability Chinese students aged 9–14 in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the participants. From the qualitative data collected, six influences on their school satisfaction emerged ― two that could be classified as ‘personal influences’ (goal-directed thoughts and motivation; self-discipline and self-regulation) and four themes that reflected ‘environmental influences’ (positive teacher-student relationships, classmates emotional and instrumental support, parental involvement in students’ learning, talent development opportunities). The findings from the study can help to inform school personnel on modifiable aspects of school environments that can help high-ability students succeed and at the same time enjoy their school life.
Jean Grave and French Anarchism: A Relational Approach (1870s–1914)
Authors: Bantman Constance
Published: December 2017

This article proposes a biographical approach to the study of anarchist activism, applied to the French journalist, editor, theorist, novelist, educator, and campaigner Jean Grave, one of the most influential figures in the French and international anarchist movement between the late 1870s and World War I. Adopting a relational approach delineating Grave’s formal and informal connections, it focuses on the role of print in Grave’s activism, through the three papers he edited between 1883 and 1914, and highlights his transnational connections and links with progressive circles in France. Due to the central place of both Grave and his publications in the French anarchist movement, this biographical and relational approach provides a basis to reassess the functioning and key strategic orientations of French anarchist communism during its “heroic period” (1870s–1914), by stressing its transnational ramifications and links beyond the anarchist movement.
Slab magnetised non-relativistic low-beta electron–positron plasmas: collisionless heating, linear waves and reconnecting instabilities
Authors: Zocco Alessandro
Published: December 2017

The properties of a non-relativistic magnetised low-beta electron–positron plasma in slab geometry are investigated. The two species are taken to be drift kinetic while we retain Larmor radius effects in quasi-neutrality, and inertia in Ohm’s law. A linear analysis shows that, for small magnetic perturbations, Alfvénic perturbations travel at the electron Alfvén speed, which is based on the electron mass. We discuss the role of the displacement current when Larmor-scale and Debye-scale effects are both retained. We predict the existence of a kinetic electron Alfvén wave which connects to the K-modes of Mishchenko et al. (J. Plasma Phys., 2017 (submitted)) in the electrostatic limit. It is found that linear drift waves are not supported by the system if the two species have the same temperature. Tearing modes can be driven unstable by equilibrium current density gradients. Also in this case, the characteristic time is based on the electron Alfvén speed. Nonlinear hybrid fluid-kinetic equations are also derived. It is shown that each species is described, to leading order, by the kinetic reduced electron heating model (KREHM) kinetic equation of Zocco & Schekochihin (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 18, 2011, 102309). The model is extended to retain first-order Larmor radius effects. It supports collisionless dispersive waves, which can greatly impact nonlinear magnetic reconnection. Diamagnetic effects enter the nonlinear equations via the first-order magnetic compressibility. A minimal nonlinear model for two-dimensional low-frequency isothermal pair plasmas is derived.
Caenorhabditis elegans: nature and nurture gift to nematode parasitologists
Authors: Salinas Gustavo , Risi Gastón
Published: December 2017

The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the simplest animal model organism to work with. Substantial knowledge and tools have accumulated over 50 years of C. elegans research. The use of C. elegans relating to parasitic nematodes from a basic biology standpoint or an applied perspective has increased in recent years. The wealth of information gained on the model organism, the use of the powerful approaches and technologies that have advanced C. elegans research to parasitic nematodes and the enormous success of the omics fields have contributed to bridge the divide between C. elegans and parasite nematode researchers. We review key fields, such as genomics, drug discovery and genetics, where C. elegans and nematode parasite research have convened. We advocate the use of C. elegans as a model to study helminth metabolism, a neglected area ready to advance. How emerging technologies being used in C. elegans can pave the way for parasitic nematode research is discussed.
Hume's Belief in God
Authors: Tarrant James
Published: December 2017

Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion1 closes with an endorsement of the very position which it has consistently attacked, namely belief in an orderer. Hume's willingness to oppose arguments supporting a position in which he believes means that, despite mounting severe criticisms, he can consistently support a designer as the optimum hypothesis for order in the world. He produced numerous statements of order in the world and then, in Part 12 of the DNR, alleged that persons of understanding would find that belief in a designer follows.
Introduction a l'histoire et aux institutions byzantines
Authors: Stein Ernest
Published: December 2017

L'histoire byzantine est peut-être parmi toutes les branches de la science historique celle qui est effleurée occasionnellement par le nombre le plus grand d'historiens, et en même temps celle dont le nombre des adeptes cent pour cent est peut-être le plus petit; d'autre part, ces travailleurs, si peu nombreux qu'ils soient dans notre champ d'études, diffèrent entre eux, plus qu'il n'arrive dans les autres branches historiques, par la conception de leur tâche commune, par les buts derniers qu'ils se proposent et par les méthodes qu'ils emploient pour y parvenir. Cette situation triplement paradoxale s'explique par le peu de précision qu'a comporté longtemps et que comporte toujours, sous certains rapports, la notion qu'on se fait, jusque dans les rangs des spécialistes, du terme de byzantin, et, d'autre part, précisément par ce qui constitue à mon avis la particularité la plus saillante de l'histoire byzantine et qui lui confère son véritable intérêt. J'ai toujours professé la maxime térentienne adaptée aux recherches de l'historien, du nihil historici a me alienum puto, mais à une époque oò l'ensemble des connaissances historiques est devenu depuis longtemps beaucoup trop vaste pour pouvoir être embrassé par un seul, j'ai cru trouver dans le domaine de l'histoire byzantine celui oò l'on peut mieux que dans tout autre s'adonner au goût de l'histoire universelle tout en servant modestement une branche spéciale, comme tout autre historien de nos jours.
The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia
Authors: Toumanoff Cyril
Published: December 2017

The end of the fifteenth century witnessed the dissolution of the medieval kingdom of Georgia. The three kingdoms — of Georgia proper (Iberia= K'art'li), of Imeretia (Abasgia), and of Kakhetia — and the five sovereign principalities, into which that ancient and once powerful realm had found itself divided, were ill prepared now to face the onslaught of the Islamic imperialism of the Osmans and the Safawis or, finally, to prevent the nearest Christian empire, to which they had turned for aid, from absorbing them.
Concerning the Political Theories of the Medieval Canonists
Authors: Stickler Alfons M.
Published: December 2017

The Maitland Memorial Lectures for 1948, delivered at Cambridge University by Dr. Walter Ullmann, were published in 1949, somewhat enlarged, under the title,Medieval Papalism: The Political Theories of the Medieval Canonists(London, Methuen & Co., 1949; pp. xiv, 230). In six chapters the author sets forth his views on certain fundamental problems of medieval political history which were given their doctrinal development and practical realization by the canonists jointly with the popes, that is to say, by the legislative authority and the jurisprudence of the medieval Church.
La prose ‘Gloria sanctorum’
Authors: Hesbert Dom R. J.
Published: December 2017

Lorsqu'on parlait devant Dom Mocquereau de Rosa vernans, on pouvait être assuré de le voir esquisser un geste de dénégation, comme s'il eût voulu, après tant d'années, désavouer la paternité de cette oeuvre, ‘un péché de jeunesse,’ avouait-il de très bonne grâce; et quand on parlait à Dom Pothier des Cantus mariales, c'était aussi un péché qu'il confessait, non de jeunesse mais de vieillesse; et il eût souhaité que, dans son monastère, on ne les chantât point.
The Influence of Ramon Lull and Jan van Ruysbroeck on the Language of the Spanish Mystics
Authors: Hatzfeld Helmut A.
Published: December 2017

The originality of the imaginative concepts, terms and symbols of the classical Spanish mystics has elicited several philological approaches. All of them try to explain or rather to account for this originality. Each of these different methods, however, is characterized by a striking onesidedness and exclusiveness of view. In order to find out where further research has to start from, it is necessary first to review the attempts of investigation made till now. They may be designated as the non-historic, the synthetic, the secular, the Arabic and the Germanic theses.
The Irish St. Brendan Legend in Lower Germany and on the Baltic Coast
Authors: Selmer Carl
Published: December 2017

No Irish-born Saint played a role in continental Europe's folklore and literature comparable to that of St. Brendan, the Navigator (484–c. 577). To judge by the frequency and provenance of the earliest manuscripts, the Vita and Navigatio, the two written sources which deal with his life and exploits, the legend was best known in France and Bretagne, Lorraine and Southern Germany. For obvious reasons, the German Low Countries, particularly the shores of the Baltic Sea and the adjacent territories to the north and northwest, were less susceptible to any such distant literary or religious influence. If it is a surprise to find St. Brendan taking so strong a foothold in Southern Germany, far enough removed from his native Kerry, how much more astonishing is it to note traces of his legend evident even in Northern Germany and Prussia proper, an area which only in late medieval centuries began to enter the literary orbit of Western Europe. This area is the one-hundred-mile stretch between the former Hanseatic cities of Lübeck and Stralsund, comprising chiefly Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, along the shores of the Baltic.
The Medieval Accessus ad Auctores
Authors: Quain Edwin A.
Published: December 2017

The custom of medieval commentators on classical authors of prefixing to their works a schema generally called an accessus has long been known. In such a prefatory note they treated of items such as the following: vita auctoris, titulus operis, intentio scribentis, materia operis, utilitas, and cui parti philosophiae supponatur In different works the number of these items might be curtailed or expanded, but the common purpose of providing an introductory summary to the work in question, is present in all forms of the accessus.
The ‘Malleus’ Metaphor in Medieval Characterization
Authors: Arbesmann Rudolph
Published: December 2017

The metaphor of St. Augustine as a hammer against the heretics occurs twice in the writings of John Capgrave, the learned English Augustinian friar of the fifteenth century. In hisLife of St. Augustinewhich, in substance, is a free translation of Jordan of Saxony'sVita S. Augustiniinto English, Capgrave devotes chapter 40 in its entirety to the relentless war St. Augustine waged against the Donatists, Manichaeans, and Pelagians, and it is in this connection that he calls the Saint ‘an hard hambyr', euyr knokkyng up-on hem.’ Again, in hisChronicle of England, speaking of the Priscillianists and Pelagians, he says that ‘these heresies were beten and knokked be the myty hambir of God, whech was called Augustine.’
The Manuscripts of Sophocles
Authors: Turyn Alexander
Published: December 2017

The manuscript tradition of the tragedies of Sophocles has never been fully investigated although many meritorious contributions were made towards this end. There exists, first of all, no complete list of the pertinent manuscripts. In former times several lists, far from being complete, were published by Fabricius-Harles, Blaydes, Campbell, Papageorgiou. The present writer has compiled, from all the known printed catalogs of Greek manuscript collections, a new list which will be presented in this study. Thus the groundwork will be laid for all further research aiming at the establishment of a complete genealogy of the extant mss. of Sophocles. This desideratum has been pointed out by Richard Jebb.
Missal W.11 of the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore
Authors: Miller Leo F.
Published: December 2017

Medieval missals that hand on the liturgical tradition of earlier centuries, but record little or nothing that is really new, do not as a rule merit publication of their entire text. Yet it is instructive to study them for the light they shed on the gradual formation of the full missal, the history of plain chant, the diffusion of feasts and prayers, the vicissitudes of the mixed types of sacramentaries and missals, and the local or regional characteristics of the medieval liturgy, which continued to abound until the missal of Pope Pius V came into general use.
The Clerical Population of Medieval England
Authors: Russell Josiah Cox
Published: December 2017

The clergy of medieval England constituted a small but important section of the population. As an order of society it included persons of a wide variety of dignities from the archbishop of Canterbury who sat on the right side of the king to the poor clerk or lonely anchorite. The problem of estimating their numbers varies also from group to group of the clergy, for a careful census of medieval population was almost never made. Such estimates as are made must be secured from data usually prepared for purposes of taxation or other matters of record. They are very uneven because there was little uniformity of practices. Some groups, such as the clerks in minor orders, might be expected to be slighted in the sources, but others of greater importance in their day share the same obscurity with respect to numbers, and for no group is there a continuous and well attested record. This study discusses briefly the sources and methods used and then considers the numbers of the secular clergy and (in much more detail) the orders of nuns, monks, canons, and friars.
The Intellectual Life of Fifteenth-Century Rhodes
Authors: Flynn Vincent J.
Published: December 2017

Some time ago, while I was working on the life of William Lily, the Grammarian, my attention was directed to the state of letters and learning in the Rhodes of early Renaissance times. George Lily, William's son, tells us that his father, when a young man, stayed at Rhodes a certain length of time for the sake of letters, and that he learned there the elements of Greek and Latin. Objection may be made to the second part of this statement: since the senior Lily already had his B.A. from Oxford when he began his foreign travels, presumably he had learned there a fair amount of Latin, and quite possibly some Greek; the choice of the word “elements” was surely not a happy one. However, on the face of things, there would seem to be no good reason for doubting the main assertion: that William Lily went to Rhodes “for the sake of letters.” Later biographers of Lily incorporate George's statement in their own accounts, some of them adding a detail or two of their own. But we must wait until the eighteenth century before we are given a reason for believing in any noteworthy culture in Renaissance Rhodes. Philip Morant, in the article which he wrote on Lily for the Biographica Britannica, says: “At his [Lily's] return from thence [Jerusalem], he studied some time at Rhodes; where, after the taking of Constantinople, several learned men had taken refuge.” Bliss's edition of Anthony à Wood carries this statement about the learned men, quoting the Biographica Britannica as source. Morant, although he did take occasion to drive home the point in correcting an earlier biographer, Thomas Fuller, had offered no support for his assertion.
Classical and Christian Ideas of World Harmony: Prolegomena to an Interpretation of the Word “Stimmung” Part I
Authors: Spitzer Leo
Published: December 2017

In the following study I propose to reconstruct the many-layered Occidental background for a German word: the concept of world harmony which underlies the word Stimmung. This task implies a survey of the whole semantic “field”, as it was developed in different epochs and literatures: the concept and the words expressing it had to be brought face to face, and in the words, in turn, the semantic kernel and the emotional connotations with their variations and fluctuations in time had to be considered. A “Stimmungsgeschichte” of the word Stimmung was necessary. I hope that this historical development will spontaneously, if gradually, emerge from the mosaic of texts to which I wished my running text to be subordinated: the consistency of the texture of verbal and conceptual associations and motifs through the centuries seems to me to be herewith established. “Avez-vous un texte?” was the insistent question which the famous positivist Fustel de Coulanges was wont to address to his pupils when they made a historical statement. The student in historical semantics must ask: “Have you many texts?”, for only with a great number of them is one enabled to visualize their ever-recurrent pattern. I realize that the medieval art of tapestry (which Péguy has revived in literature), with its possibility of showing a constant motif along with the labyrinth of interwoven ramifications, would be a more adequate medium of treatment than is the necessarily linear run of the words of language. And, in any case, I shall be obliged, in the notes, to anticipate or recapitulate the events which cannot be treated at their historical place.
Pierre de Roissy and Robert of Flamborough
Authors: Kuttner Stephan
Published: December 2017

In a recently published article, V. L. Kennedy discusses the career and writings of a medieval theologian who, after the excellent spade work done by Hauréau in 1884, has not received much attention on the part of modern scholars: Peter of Roissy, chancellor of Chartres in the early thirteenth century, one time a renowned preacher in Paris, and author of scriptural glosses, of sermons, and of a Manuale de mysteriis ecclesiae (or Speculum ecclesiae). Father Kennedy brings to light new documents bearing on the life of Peter and presents us in particular with a careful analysis of his main work, the Manuale. After listing the manuscripts and establishing the chief differences between the two redactions of the treatise—notably, the three parts of the first edition were rearranged into four and enlarged by a fifth part, De sacramentis, when Peter revised and re-issued his book—Kennedy goes on to examine some of its characteristic features, to discuss its literary and canonical sources, to publish a sample edition of its section on Extreme Unction, and finally adds a complete index of its hundreds of rubrics.
The Indian Provenance of a Medieval Exemplum
Authors: Krappe Alexander H.
Published: December 2017

In the reign of the emperor Otto (the story does not say which of the four monarchs of that name is meant) there lived a certain priest whose conduct was not of the most edifying. As a result his parishioners were extremely scandalized, and one of them gave up going to Mass. Now it so happened that, as this man was walking in the fields one Sunday, while Mass was being celebrated, he was befallen by a terrible feeling of thirst. He discovered a rivulet of pure water, from which he at once drank to quench his thirst. But the more he drank, the more his thirst grew, and he decided to follow the streamlet to its source, there to drink his fill. As he proceeded, an old man of majestic appearance met him and said: “My friend, whither are you going?” The man explained his case, and the old man pointed out to him the spring-head of the rivulet. Then he added: “But why, my good friend, are you not at church?” The other then complained of the evil priest and his ways. To which the old man returned: “Suppose what you say is true. Observe this fountain, from which so much excellent water issues, and from which you have lately drunk.” He looked in the direction pointed out and beheld a putrid dog with its mouth wide open, and its teeth black and decayed, through which the whole fountain gushed in a surprising manner. The man regarded the stream with great terror and confusion of mind, ardently desirous of quenching his thirst but apprehensive of poison from the fetid and loathsome carcass, with which, to all appearance, the water was imbued. “Be not afraid,” said the old man, “because you have already drunk of the rivulet; drink again, it will not harm you.” He followed this bidding and this time did quench his thirst. Then the old man drove home the lesson: “Just as this water, gushing through the mouth of a putrid dog, is neither polluted nor loses aught of its natural taste or color, so is the celebration of the Mass by a worthless priest.” With these words he disappeared; but the good man henceforth went punctually to Mass.
King Arthur's Round Table—An “Academic Club” in Thirteenth-Century Tuscany
Authors: Wieruszowski Helene
Published: December 2017

In an impetuous controversy of the kind which was customary between professors and schoolmasters of Dante's age, one Master Mino da Colle di Val d'Elsa, a Tuscan compatriot of Dante's, concludes his answer to a challenging letter by a colleague with the following:

“Besides there is one thing which I should not fail to tell you: although I tolerate anything from your bad presumption as far as my person is concerned I would not bear anything said about the Round Table ruled by the magnificent King and consisting of honorable Knights. And since you had these words you should have made them ashes to your mouth [that is: regret them?] so that this most precious Table might not have been terribly offended. From now on, please, refrain from mentioning it.”
Zu den Dekretalen bei Simon von Bisignano
Authors: Holtzmann Walther
Published: December 2017

Die neue Liste der von Simon von Bisignano in seiner Summa zitierten Extravaganten, welche T. P. McLaughlin in den Medieval Studies 20 (1958) 167–176 veröffentlicht hat, gibt die Möglichkeit, die Dekretalensammlung, welche Simon benutzt hat, mit ziemlicher Sicherheit zu bestimmen. Wenn sich dabei die Vermutung auf eine Sammlung der ‘italienischen Gruppe' der Primitiven vor 1Comp. richtete, so lag das nach dem, was J. Juncker in seiner grundlegenden Abhandlung über die coll. Berolinensis ausgeführt hatte, von vornherein rein nahe. Aber als Juncker die Ber. als älteste und primitivste Sammlung in die Literaturgeschichte der kanonistischen Quellen einführte, hatte er von der Existenz weiterer, teils noch altertümlicher, teils umfangreicherer Sammlungen, die sich mit der Ber. zu einer Familie oder Gruppe zusammenfassen lassen, noch keine Kenntnis. Weitgehende Übereinstimmung im mitgeteilten Material, Gleichlauf in der Reihenfolge der einzelnen Stücke auf kürzere oder längere Strecken, textkritische Einzelheiten berechtigen methodisch zu dieser Gruppierung; ihr Wachstum von Sammlung zu Sammlung ist kein Gegenargument angesichts der rechtsschöpferischen Tätigkeit der Kurie, welche in Schule und Kirchenverwaltung gleichermassen das Bedürfnis wacherhielt, die jeweils neueste und vollständigste Sammlung zur Hand zu haben. Diese Entwicklung innerhalb der Gruppe kann erst durch die ausführliche Analyse jeder einzelnen Sammlung sichtbar gemacht werden; für den Nachweis, dass zu fast allen zu der von McLaughlin nachgewiesenen Dekretalen die Texte in den Sammlungen der italienischen Gruppe zu finden sind, wird die Zusammenstellung im Anhang genügen. Da aber vier von fünf in Frage kommenden Sammlungen kaum mehr als dem Namen nach, bekannt sind, müssen über sie einige Bemerkungen vorausgeschickt werden.
English Canonists and the ‘Appendix Concilii Lateranensis’
Authors: Duggan Charles
Published: December 2017

The formative role of the Appendix Concilii Lateranensis in the development of twelfth-century decretal collections is already familiar to historians of canon law. This important collection begins in its vulgate edition with the canons of the Lateran Council of 1179, followed by forty-nine titles, which, with the exception of the final two, are systematic in technical style. The collection as preserved in the editio princeps, based by B. Laurens on a manuscript now lost, was built up in a series of successive stages, the basic work being completed within the limits c. 1181–5, and the final form including material as late as 1188–90. But the concluding title in this editio princeps, or vulgate edition, is not discovered in any of the surviving Appendix manuscripts, and has been shown by Holtzmann to depend on an excerpt from the lost register of Alexander III. It must be assumed, therefore, that this title had no place in the original collection, but was a special supplement to the manuscript on which Laurens based his edition, being discovered elsewhere only in the material at the end of Orielensis I, a related work. Since the collection in its earliest version (c. 1181–5) was the fountainhead of the main tradition of decretal transmission, its provenance and authorship are clearly of historical interest.
Oriental Influence in the Gallican Liturgy
Authors: Quasten Johannes
Published: December 2017

The most important source for our knowledge of the Gallican liturgy is the so-calledExpositio Brevis Antiquae Liturgiae Gallicanae.It is preserved in a Codex of the Abbey of St. Martin at Autun, at present in the library of the Seminary of Autun, the only manuscript of this valuable document which we possess. TheExpositioconsists of two letters, the first of which describes the rite of the Gallican Mass, while the second deals withdiversa ecclesiae carismata, that is, with the Baptismal rite, liturgical vestments, antiphons, responses, etc. The question naturally arises as to the authorship of these valuable letters and also as to when they were written.
Studien zur Theologie des zwölften Jahrhunderts
Authors: Landgraf Artur
Published: December 2017

Obwohl über die Bedeutung des Nominalismus kein Zweifel besteht, sind wir über viele Einzelheiten seiner Geschichte noch immer ziemlich unvollständig unterrichtet. So fehlt vor allem, was sehr zu bedauern ist, eine Zusammenstellung der Summe der Lehren, die den Nominalisten gemeinsam waren. Für den späteren Nominalismus hat sich bei Gelegenheit seiner Arbeit über Petrus von Candia F Ehrle der Mühe unterzogen, nach Massgabe der ihm während des Krieges in München zur Verfügung stehenden Materialien die Characteristica aufzusuchen und darzustellen. In seiner ungemein wertvollen, anregenden und richtunggebenden Schrift, Über die Scholastik und ihre Aufgaben in unserer Zeit, hat er noch einmal Stellung dazu genommen und sich hierbei zu der zwischen M. de Wulf und M. Baumgartner spielenden Kontroverse über den Namen der Richtung geäussert. Auch B. Geyer hat dem späten Nominalismus eine eingehende Darstellung gewidmet. An den Arbeiten von C. Michalski darüber bedaueren wir nur, dass sie lediglich als kurze Bulletins der Polnischen Akademie der Wissenschaften erscheinen konnten. Für die Frühscholastik hat wohl J. Reiners treffliche Arbeit geleistet, ohne aber die ganze Zeit oder auch die gesamte Fülle der Probleme zu erfassen. Ausserdem hat dann noch der achte Jahrgang des Bulletin Thomiste einige wertvolle Angaben gebracht.
Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus: A Study in the Glossators of the Canon Law
Authors: Kuttner Stephan
Published: December 2017

Master Bernard, archdeacon of Compostella, and a member of the Canon Law School of Bologna in the early thirteenth century, is generally known as the author of a collection of decretals which he compiled in 1208 at the Roman Curia, with the aid of Pope Innocent III's registers, covering the first ten years (February 22, 1198–February 21, 1208) of that pontificate. Bernard's contemporary, the celebrated master Tancred, further tells us that the Spaniard's compilation was used by the school for some time as Collectio Romana, until in 1210 Pope Innocent promulgated an official collection of his decretals, arranged by his subdeacon and notary, Petrus Collivaccinus of Benevento. One of the Pope's reasons for issuing the authentic law book—the first of its kind in Church history—had been the fact that some of the decretals in Bernard's work, though genuine papal letters, were not considered by the Curia as universally binding. The new official collection, commonly known as Compilatio tertia, at once superseded Bernard's private collection, and for centuries the latter was known only from hearsay until rediscovered in modern times.
Jordanus of Saxony's Vita S. Augustini the Source for John Capgrave's Life of St Augustine
Authors: Arbesmann Rudolph
Published: December 2017

“Habent sua fata libelli.” This often-quoted line from the work of the North African grammarian Terentianus Maurus can safely be applied to two biographies of St. Augustine written by two men outstanding in the literary world of their age. They are Jordanus of Saxony (1300–1380 ca.) and John Capgrave (1393–1464).
Scientific Procedure in Aristotle's ‘de Caelo’
Authors: McCue James F.
Published: December 2017

It is difficult to deduce the Aristotelian scientific procedure — to take his abstract statement of the nature of science and to show that his actual method in a particular work is adequately explained by the initial definition. Yet Aristotle's actual method is worth getting at. It provides insight into Aristotle and into Greek thought, and it sheds light on the course of ideas during the centuries which have been scientifically Aristotelian. In the following pages, I have tried to discover and to describe the method at work in a particular scientific treatise. The unit chosen for study is the first book and a half of the De caelo. Here it is that Aristotle develops his highly influential science of the celestial bodies.
ÉTude Sur Les Manuscrits D'un Texte de Jean Chrysostome De Providentia Dei, Incipit: ‘Ιατρών μεν παίδες
Authors: Malingrey A.-M.
Published: December 2017

Comme la plupart des œuvres de Jean Chrysostome, le texte dont l'incipit est ‘Ιατρών μεν παίδες nous est parvenu à travers une tradition extrêmement riche. Sans prétendre avoir identifié tous les manuscrits qui le contiennent actuellement, je donne ici la description des soixante manuscrits que j'ai consultés, soit en lecture directe, soit en microfilms, pour établir l'édition critique de ce texte. J'ai été amenée ainsi à apporter quelques corrections et plusieurs précisions aux catalogues sur les points suivants:

Dans la tradition manuscrite du Xe au XIIe siecle, le texte qui nous intéresse fait partie d'un ensemble que les catalogues designent tantôt par Adversus Anomoeos, tantôt par De incomprehensibili. J'ai adopte uniformement cette seconde formule, pour eviter toute confusion.
Abfassung, Veröffentlichung und Überlieferung von Augustins Schrift ‘de Doctrina Christiana’
Authors: von Martin Josef
Published: December 2017

In einem einzigartigen Werke der antiken Literatur, in den gegen Ende seines Lebens 427/8 verfassten Retractationes, hat Augustinus in strengster Selbstprüfung ehrlich und gewissenhaft seine bis dahin abgeschlossenen Schriftwerke einer Überprüfung unterzogen auf die Frage hin, ob sie auch nichts enthielten, das er nicht vor Gott und den Menschen verantworten könne. Er hat Korrekturen angebracht und sich gegen Missverständnisse verteidigt; und gelegentlich hat er auch Einblicke in das Werden und Fortschreiten seiner literarischen Arbeit gestattet. Beides gilt besonders für die vier Bücher umfassende Schrift De doctrina Christiana. Es heisst nämlich Retr. c. 30 (2.4):

libros de doctrina Christiana cum inperfectos conperissem, perficere malui quam eis sic relictis ad alia retractanda transire. conplevi ergo tertium, qui scriptus fuerat usque ad eum locum, ubi commemoratum est ex evangel?ο testimonium de muliere, quae fermentum abscond.it in tribus mensuris farinae, donec totum fermentaretur. addidi etiam novissimum librum et quattuor libris opus illud inplevi, quorum primi très adiuvant, ut scripturae intellegantur, quartus autem, quomodo quae intellegimus proferenda sint.
New Light on John Trevisa
Authors: Fowler David C.
Published: December 2017

John Trevisa, fourteenth-century scholar and translator, was born in Cornwall, studied at Oxford University, and served as vicar of Berkeley and chaplain to Thomas IV, Lord Berkeley, in Gloucestershire. He died sometime prior to May 21, 1402. The main facts of Trevisa's life and works were collected by the late Professor A. J. Perry of the University of Manitoba, who visited England in the summer of 1914, and reported the results of his research there in theIntroductionto his edition of Trevisa's minor works, published by the Early English Text Society in 1925.
The Chronology of Saint John Chrysostom's Early Life
Authors: Carter Robert E.
Published: December 2017

The establishment of a chronology of Saint John Chrysostom's early life is beset with difficulties arising not from a lack of sources, but from a relative abundance of incomplete accounts, which sometimes contradict one another and which are of uncertain reliability. The fifth chapter of Palladius’ Dialogue is generally considered to be our most valuable source. Yet even in the use of this document some caution is advisable. Palladius knew Chrysostom during the last years of the latter's life; consequently his account of the events in Constantinople is of great value. But what were his sources for the saint's early life? Two in particular have been proposed: Chrysostom himself, and his aunt, the deaconess Sabiniana. Our own experience of human nature should warn us that a man in his late fifties or early sixties does not always remember accurately the details of his youth, and that the testimony of elderly aunts about the early years of their famous nephews is never entirely above question. Moreover, it should be remembered that Palladius’ Dialogue had an apologetic purpose.
A Bede Bibliography : 1935–1960
Authors: Bolton W. F.
Published: December 2017

The following checklist includes work published in the quarter-century between 1935, the twelve-hundreth anniversary of Bede's death, and 1960, inclusive. It lists editions, studies and translations into Modern English of his Latin works; it omits translations into other languages, including Old English, and studies of these, as well as the Old English poems sometimes attributed to Bede. Most reviews of the listed books have also been omitted, although some which make substantial modifications have not. A universal writer like Bede is mentioned in many studies; only those that deal directly with him, or that seem to make real contributions to Bede scholarship, are in this checklist, which would otherwise have been many times its present length. The grouping is by topic, chronologically within each topic, alphabetically within each year. An asterisk marks those works which I have not been able to see.
Growing the community – a case study of community gardens in Lincoln's Abbey Ward
Authors: Jackson Jennifer
Published: December 2017

Community gardens, as previous research has found are as much about growing the community and the individuals involved, as gardening itself. The study of Green Synergy's community garden initiatives within Lincoln's relatively deprived Abbey Ward provided an exceptional case study in which to review the inter-relationship of impact both at a community and individual level. The social element of community gardening in building connections between social and natural capital is explored, and how community gardens can provide a ‘counter-narrative’ to perceptions of place and individual well-being.

The qualitative research approach which included observation, interviews, a focus group and workshop was designed to reflect the wide scope of the projects and generate both individual and communal reflection on the projects. The themes that emerged open up a further understanding of the multiple dynamics arising from the collaborative creation of ‘green spaces’ in providing bonding and bridging social capital within communities, together with challenging narratives of individual and community capacity. In so doing, it adds to existing research evidence on the diverse community connections, spaces and products that community gardening engenders.
PINDAR ΙΣΧΝΟΦΩΝΟΣ (SCHOL. IN PI.O.6.88)
Authors: Bartol Krystyna
Published: December 2017

I argue in this article that the scholiast's claim (schol. in Pi.O.6.88) that Pindar was ἰσχνόφωνος meant that he was believed to be a stammerer rather than a weak-voiced person. I have attempted to show how later commentators developed some points of Alexandrian critics’ judgement of Pindar's poetry into a conventional biographical reference to the poet's speech defect.
The South China Sea Arbitration: Bindingness, Finality, and Compliance with UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Decisions
Authors: PHAN Hao Duy , NGUYEN Lan Ngoc
Published: December 2017

On 12 July 2016, the Tribunal in theSouth China Seaarbitration issued its final award. China rejected the ruling as “null and void”. The Philippines dismissed it as “a piece of paper” after initially hailing the ruling a “milestone decision”. The reactions of the parties concerned raise important questions about the bindingness, finality, and state compliance with UNCLOS dispute settlement decisions. This paper addresses these questions by dissecting China’s arguments that the award “has no binding force” and by examining the options available for promoting compliance with the award. The paper also considers the broader question of how states generally comply with UNCLOS dispute settlement decisions and evaluates the significance of UNCLOS dispute settlement mechanisms, including theSouth China Seaarbitration, in the absence of external enforcement.
Group Touts “Beneficial” Coal Ash Recycling
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2017

An industry group says recycling coal ash, the second-largest U.S. waste stream, helps the environment and economy. Recycling has a role but also raises concerns, environmentalists argue.
A role for ErbB signaling in the induction of reactive astrogliosis
Authors: Chen Jing , He Wanwan , Hu Xu , Shen Yuwen , Cao Junyan , Wei Zhengdong , Luan Yifei , He Li , Jiang Fangdun , Tao Yanmei
Published: December 2017

Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of many neurological disorders, yet its functions and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Particularly, the upstream signaling that regulates pathological responses of astrocytes is largely undetermined. We used a mouse traumatic brain injury model to induce astrogliosis and revealed activation of ErbB receptors in reactive astrocytes. Moreover, cell-autonomous inhibition of ErbB receptor activity in reactive astrocytes by a genetic approach suppressed hypertrophic remodeling possibly through the regulation of actin dynamics. However, inhibiting ErbB signaling in reactive astrocytes did not affect astrocyte proliferation after brain injury, although it aggravated local inflammation. In contrast, active ErbB signaling in mature astrocytes of various brain regions in mice was sufficient to initiate reactive responses, reproducing characterized molecular and cellular features of astrogliosis observed in injured or diseased brains. Further, prevalent astrogliosis in the brain induced by astrocytic ErbB activation caused anorexia in animals. Therefore, our findings defined an unrecognized role of ErbB signaling in inducing reactive astrogliosis. Mechanistically, inhibiting ErbB signaling in reactive astrocytes prominently reduced Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity that is important for actin remodeling, although ErbB signaling activated multiple downstream signaling proteins. The discrepancies between the results from loss- and gain-of-function studies indicated that ErbB signaling regulated hypertrophy and proliferation of reactive astrocytes by different downstream signaling pathways. Our work demonstrated an essential mechanism in the pathological regulation of astrocytes and provided novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for astrogliosis-implicated diseases.
The representation of colored objects in macaque color patches
Authors: Chang Le , Bao Pinglei , Tsao Doris Y.
Published: December 2017

An important question about color vision is how does the brain represent the color of an object? The recent discovery of “color patches” in macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex, the part of the brain responsible for object recognition, makes this problem experimentally tractable. Here we recorded neurons in three color patches, middle color patch CLC (central lateral color patch), and two anterior color patches ALC (anterior lateral color patch) and AMC (anterior medial color patch), while presenting images of objects systematically varied in hue. We found that all three patches contain high concentrations of hue-selective cells, and that the three patches use distinct computational strategies to represent colored objects: while all three patches multiplex hue and shape information, shape-invariant hue information is much stronger in anterior color patches ALC/AMC than CLC. Furthermore, hue and object shape specifically for primate faces/bodies are over-represented in AMC, but not in the other two patches.
Uncovering active precursors in colloidal quantum dot synthesis
Authors: Frenette Leah C. , Krauss Todd D.
Published: December 2017

Studies of the fundamental physics and chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have been central to the field for over 30 years. Although the photophysics of QDs has been intensely studied, much less is understood about the underlying chemical reaction mechanism leading to monomer formation and subsequent QD growth. Here we investigate the reaction mechanism behind CdSe QD synthesis, the most widely studied QD system. Remarkably, we find that it is not necessary for chemical precursors used in the most common synthetic methods to directly react to form QD monomers, but rather they can generate in situ the same highly reactive Cd and Se precursors that were used in some of the original II-VI QD syntheses decades ago, i.e., hydrogen chalcogenide gas and alkyl cadmium. Appreciating this surprising finding may allow for directed manipulation of these reactive intermediates, leading to more controlled syntheses with improved reproducibility.
Multiplexed 3D super-resolution imaging of whole cells using spinning disk confocal microscopy and DNA-PAINT
Authors: Schueder Florian , Lara-Gutiérrez Juanita , Beliveau Brian J. , Saka Sinem K. , Sasaki Hiroshi M. , Woehrstein Johannes B. , Strauss Maximilian T. , Grabmayr Heinrich , Yin Peng , Jungmann Ralf
Published: December 2017

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can visualize biological targets on the nanoscale, but complex hardware is required to perform SMLM in thick samples. Here, we combine 3D DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) with spinning disk confocal (SDC) hardware to overcome this limitation. We assay our achievable resolution with two- and three-dimensional DNA origami structures and demonstrate the general applicability by imaging a large variety of cellular targets including proteins, DNA and RNA deep in cells. We achieve multiplexed 3D super-resolution imaging at sample depths up to ~10 µm with up to 20 nm planar and 80 nm axial resolution, now enabling DNA-based super-resolution microscopy in whole cells using standard instrumentation.
Harmonic phase in polar liquids and spin ice
Authors: Bramwell Steven T.
Published: December 2017

Many liquid or liquid-like states remain stable down to temperatures well below the interaction energy scale, where mean-field theory predicts an ordering transition. In magnetism, correlated states such as spin ice and the spin liquid have been described as Coulomb phases, governed by an emergent gauge principle. In the physical chemistry of polar liquids, systems that evade mean field order have, in contrast, been described by Onsager’s theory of the reaction field. Here we observe that in the low-temperature limit, Onsager’s theory may be cast as a prototypical theory of the Coulomb phase. However at finite temperature, it describes a distinct geometrical state, characterised by harmonic functions. This state, labelled here the ‘harmonic phase’, is shown to occur experimentally in spin ice, a dipolar lattice system. It is suggested to be relevant to more general dipolar liquids.