bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homeostasis at different backgrounds: The roles of overlayed feedback structures in vertebrate photoadaptation
Authors: Grini Jonas V. , Nygård Melissa , Ruoff Peter
Published: April 2023

We have studied the resetting behavior of eight basic integral controller motifs with respect to different but constant backgrounds. We found that the controllers split symmetrically into two classes: one class, based on derepression of the compensatory flux, leads to more rapid resetting kinetics as backgrounds increase. The other class, which directly activates the compensatory flux, shows a slowing down in the resetting at increased backgrounds. We found a striking analogy between the resetting kinetics of vertebrate photoreceptors and controllers based on derepression, i.e. vertebrate rod or cone cells show decreased sensitivities and accelerated response kinetics as background illuminations increase. The central molecular model of vertebrate photoadaptation consists of an overlay of three negative feedback loops with cytosolic calcium (Ca i 2 +), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels as components. While in one of the feedback loops the extrusion of Ca i 2 + by potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchangers (NCKX) can lead to integral control with cGMP as the controlled variable, the expected robust perfect adaptation of cGMP is lost, because of the two other feedback loops. They avoid that Ca i 2 + levels become too high and toxic. Looking at psychophysical laws, we found that in all of the above mentioned basic controllers Weber’s law is followed when a “just noticeable difference” (threshold) of 1% of the controlled variable’s set-point was considered. Applying comparable threshold pulses or steps to the photoadaptation model we find, in agreement with experimental results, that Weber’s law is followed for relatively high backgrounds, while Stephens’ power law gives a better description when backgrounds are low. Limitations of our photoadaption model, in particular with respect to potassium/sodium homeostasis, are discussed. Finally, we discuss possible implication of background perturbations in biological controllers when compensatory fluxes are based on activation.
Modeling SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide mutations as a stochastic process
Authors: Lim Kai Rong Maverick , Kuruoglu Ercan Engin , Chan Wai Kin Victor
Published: April 2023

This study analyzes the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence mutations by modeling its nucleotide mutations as a stochastic process in both the time-series and spatial domain of the gene sequence. In the time-series model, a Markov Chain embedded Poisson random process characterizes the mutation rate matrix, while the spatial gene sequence model delineates the distribution of mutation inter-occurrence distances. Our experiment focuses on five key variants of concern that had become a global concern due to their high transmissibility and virulence. The time-series results reveal distinct asymmetries in mutation rate and propensities among different nucleotides and across different strains, with a mean mutation rate of approximately 2 mutations per month. In particular, our spatial gene sequence results reveal some novel biological insights on the characteristic distribution of mutation inter-occurrence distances, which display a notable pattern similar to other natural diseases. Our findings contribute interesting insights to the underlying biological mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 mutations, bringing us one step closer to improving the accuracy of existing mutation prediction models. This research could also potentially pave the way for future work in adopting similar spatial random process models and advanced spatial pattern recognition algorithms in order to characterize mutations on other different kinds of virus families.
Genetic variation for rectal gland volatiles among recently collected isofemale lines and a domesticated strain of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Castro-Vargas Cynthia , Pandey Gunjan , Yeap Heng Lin , Prasad Shirleen S. , Lacey Michael J. , Lee Siu Fai , Park Soo J. , Taylor Phillip W. , Oakeshott John G.
Published: April 2023

Divergence between populations in mating behaviour can function as a potent premating isolating mechanism and promote speciation. However, very few cases of inherited intraspecific variation in sexual signalling have been reported in tephritid fruit flies, despite them being a highly speciose family. We tested for such variation in one tephritid, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Qfly). Qfly mating behaviour depends on volatiles secreted from male rectal glands but no role for the volatiles from female rectal glands has yet been reported. We previously detected over 100 volatile compounds in male rectal glands and identified over 30 of them. Similar numbers were recorded in females. However, many compounds showed presence/absence differences between the sexes and many others showed quantitative differences between them. Here we report inherited variation among 24 Qfly lines (23 isofemale lines established from recent field collections and one domesticated line) in the abundance of three esters, two alcohols, two amides, an aldehyde and 18 unidentified volatiles in male rectal glands. We did not find any compounds in female rectal glands that varied significantly among the lines, although this may at least partly reflect lower female sample numbers. Most of the 26 male compounds that differed between lines were more abundant in the domesticated line than any of the recently established isofemale lines, which concurs with other evidence for changes in mating behaviour during domestication of this species. There were also large differences in several of the 26 compounds among the isofemale lines, and some of these differences were associated with the regions from which the lines were collected. While some of the variation in different compounds was correlated across lines, much of it was not, implicating involvement of multiple genes. Our findings parallel reports of geographic variation in other Qfly traits and point to inherited differences in reproductive physiology that could provide a basis for evolution of premating isolation between ecotypes.
Displaying pride: Variation by social context, ethnic heritage, and gender?
Authors: Hernandez Hugo Sanchez , Hovasapian Arpine , Campos Belinda
Published: April 2023

Pride is universal; however, the complexities linked to its social status functions and implications for social relationships suggest the possibility of variation in its display. Drawing from empirical evidence, this study examined whether displayed pride would vary by social context (i.e., whether the target was a competitor or a loved one), ethnic heritage (i.e., membership in individualistic or collectivistic cultural groups) and by gender. Young adults (N = 145) verbally described a pride experience to an imagined competitor, loved one, stranger or in a no-context control condition. Results showed similarity in displayed pride across the four contexts. However, some ethnic group and gender variations were observed. Latino/a/x Americans displayed less pride verbally than European Americans while women displayed more than men. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how people manage the display of pride and suggest that ethnic and gendered motivations for managing pride displays are relevant to a comprehensive understanding of interpersonal emotion regulation.
Spatiotemporal behavior pattern differentiation and preference identification of tourists from the perspective of ecotourism destination based on the tourism digital footprint data
Authors: Dong Wei , Kang Qi , Wang Guangkui , Zhang Bin , Liu Ping
Published: April 2023

Tourist impact management in ecotourism destinations requires an accurate description of tourists’ spatiotemporal behavior patterns and recreation preferences to minimize the ecological environmental impact and maximize the recreation experience. This study classified tourist behaviors into five typical behavior patterns based on the digital footprints of tourists visiting Ziwuyu of the Qinling Mountains, including 348 traveling tracks and 750 corresponding geotagged photographs: short-distance, traversing, reentrant, large loop, and small loop. Furthermore, each behavior pattern’s recreation preference was identified using photograph analysis. Tourists with large-loop and reentrant behavior patterns have 89.8% and 30% chances of visiting Jianshanding, respectively. Key protected areas are faced with the risk of ecological environmental damage. Based on the behavior pattern differentiation and preference of tourists, this paper provides a decision-making basis for the classified management and guidance of tourists in ecotourism destinations. It has reference value for the management of similar ecotourism destinations.
Heat shock exposure during early wheat grain development can reduce maximum endosperm cell number but not necessarily final grain dry mass
Authors: Girousse Christine
Published: April 2023

Post-anthesis heat shocks, which are expected to increase in frequency under climate change, may affect wheat grain development and lead to significant decreases in grain yield. Grain development occurs in three phases, the lag-phase, the filling-phase, and maturation. The growth of the three main compartments of the grain (outer layers (OLs), endosperm, embryo) is staggered, so that heat shocks affect time- and tissue-specific growth processes differentially depending on their timing. We hypothesized that heat shocks during the lag-phase may reduce final grain size, resulting from a reduction in endosperm cell number and/or a restricted OLs growth. Plants were heated for four consecutive days during the lag-phase or the filling-phase or both phases (lag- and filling-). Heat shocks consisted in four hours a day at 38°C and 21°C for the rest of the day. Controlled plants were maintained at 21/14°C (day/night). For each temperature treatment, kinetics of whole grain and compartment masses and dimensions were measured as well as the endosperm cell number. An early heat shock reduced endosperm cell proliferation. However, the growth patterns neither of endosperm nor of OLs were modified compared to controls, resulting in no differences in final grain size. Furthermore, compared to controls, a single heat shock during the filling-phase reduced both the duration and rate of dry mass accumulation into grains, whereas two consecutive shocks reduced the duration but enhanced the rate of dry mass of accumulation, even when endosperm cell number was reduced. The mean endosperm cell size was shown to be larger after early heat shocks. All together, these results suggest a compensatory mechanism exists to regulate endosperm cell size and number. This process might be a new mechanistic target for molecular studies and would improve our understanding of post-anthesis wheat tolerance to heat-shocks.
Camisas y camisolas en el Burgos del Setecientos
Authors: Sanz de la Higuera Francisco José Alejandro
Published: April 2023

La disponibilidad de camisas y camisolas en los hogares burgaleses del siglo xviii fue, en el marco de la cultura material, un parámetro diferencial de notable importancia. Ya fuera por el número de piezas atesoradas, la calidad de los tejidos que las conformaban o los precios en que fueron tasadas, las distintas categorías socio-profesionales protagonizaron comportamientos y estrategias de consumo muy alejados —con los agravantes derivados de la extracción estamental y el impacto de los niveles de fortuna. Es especialmente significativo el devenir experimentado por la incorporación de las camisolas, prendas para la modernidad, de origen francés —borbónico—, frente a las tradicionales camisas, más castellanas y austracistas.
Long time behavior of the solution to a chemotaxis system with
nonlinear indirect signal production and logistic source
Authors: Wang Chang-Jian , Zhu Ya-Jie , Zhu Xin-Cai
Published: April 2023

This paper is devoted to studying the following quasilinear
parabolic-elliptic-elliptic chemotaxis system

{

u

t

=
∇
⋅
(
φ
(
u
)
∇
u
−
ψ
(
u
)
∇
v
)
+
a
u
−
b

u

γ

,
 

 
 
x
∈
Ω
,
 
t
>
0
,

0
=
Δ
v
−
v
+

w

γ

1

,
 

 
 
x
∈
Ω
,
 
t
>
0
,

0
=
Δ
w
−
w
+

u

γ

2

,
 

 
 
x
∈
Ω
,
 
t
>
0
,

with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded
and smooth domain
Ω
⊂

R

n

(
n
≥
1
)
,

where

a
,
b
,

γ

2

>
0
,

γ

1

≥
1
,
γ
>
1

and the functions

φ
,
ψ
∈

C

2

(
[
0
,
∞
)
satisfy
φ
(
s
)
≥

a

0

(
s
+
1

)

α

and

|

ψ
(
s
)

|

≤

b

0

s
(
1
+
s

)

β
−
1

for all
s
≥
0
with

a

0

,

b

0

>
0

and
α
,
β
∈

R

.
It is proved that if
γ
−
β
≥

γ

1

γ

2

,
the classical solution of system would be globally bounded. Furthermore, a specific model
for

γ

1

=
1
,

γ

2

=
κ

and
γ
=
κ
+
1
with

κ
>
0
is considered. If
β
≤
1
and
b
>
0
is large enough,
there exist

C

κ

,

μ

1

,

μ

2

>
0

such that the solution
(
u
,
v
,
w
)
satisfies

‖

u
(
⋅
,
t
)
−

(

b
a

)

1
κ

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

+

‖

v
(
⋅
,
t
)
−

b
a

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

+

‖

w
(
⋅
,
t
)
−

b
a

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

≤

{

C

κ

e

−

μ

1

t

,
 

 
 

if

 
κ
∈
(
0
,
1
]
,

C

κ

e

−

μ

2

t

,
 

 
 

if

 
κ
∈
(
1
,
∞
)
,

for all
t
≥
0.
The above results generalize some existing results.
Óvodából iskolába – tematikus rajzi foglalkozások 6-8 éveseknek
Authors: Molnár Zsolt , Prekajac Petra , Zanin-Kasza Ilona
Published: April 2023

Mind az óvodapedagógusokat, mind a tanítókat régóta foglalkoztatja az a kérdéskör, hogy hogyan lehet megkönnyíteni az óvodából iskolába való átmenetet. Mindkét oldalról sokfajta módszertani, ideológiai receptet lehet fellelni a szakirodalomban, mindkét oldal a saját nézőpontjából keresi a válaszokat a felvetődött kérdésekre. A tanulmányban a tanár szemszögéből igyekszünk bemutatni lehetséges válaszokat egy adott szegmensen keresztül felvetült kérdéskörre nemcsak általános iskolai nevelőknek, hanem óvodapedagógusok részére is.
CuO-Rice Starch Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Prasad Jagdish , Kumar Vinod , Chandra Bhuwan , Tamta Anshu , Khulbe Rashmi , Kandpal N.D.
Published: April 2023

In current study, the copper oxide-rice starch nanocomposites has been synthesized from the different
salts of copper and rice starch. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD,
SEM, TGA and DSC spectroscopic methods. The spectroscopic analysis showed that the CuO-starch
nanocomposite was formed and CuO nanoparticles (CuONPs) were uniformly dispersed in the starch
network with relatively smooth surfaces in the CuO-starch nanocomposite. The average crystalline
size of CuO-starch nanocomposites from different precursors viz. copper acetate, copper chloride and
equimolar mixture of copper acetate and copper chloride were calculated as 3.13 nm, 6.46 nm and
17.42 nm, respectively, while average particle size were 1421, 1504 and 1796 nm, respectively. The
TGA and DSC data showed that the CuO-starch nanocomposites were thermally stable. The
nanocomposites were scrutinized by antibacterial activity against two tested bacterial strain Serratia
marcescens (17.67 ± 0.90 mm) and Escherichia coli (16.3 ± 0.30). It was concluded that, CuO-starch
nanocomposites were thermally stable and exhibited significant antibacterial activity.
Growth Hormone Therapy in Decompensated Cirrhosis: An Open-Label, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kumari Sunita , De Arka , Kalra Naveen , Singh Virendra
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Effect of long-term growth-hormone (GH) therapy in decompensated cirrhosis (DC) is unknown. We studied the safety and efficacy of GH therapy on malnutrition, nitrogen metabolism, and hormonal changes in patients with DC.

METHODS:

Patients with DC were randomized to standard medical therapy plus GH (group A; n = 38) or standard medical therapy alone (group B; n = 38). Body mass index, midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), hand grip strength (HGS), liver frailty index (LFI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), nitrogen balance, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease, quality of life (QOL), serum albumin, GH, insulin like growth factor-1, and acid labile subunit (ALS) were assessed at baseline and at 12 months.

RESULTS:

The mean difference between baseline and 12-months in SMI (−6.122 [−9.460 to −2.785] cm2/m2), body mass index (−2.078 [−3.584 to −0.5718] kg/m2), MAMC (−1.960 [−2.928 to −0.9908] cm), HGS (−5.595 [−7.159 to −4.031] kg), albumin (−0.3967 [−0.6876 to −0.1057] g/dL), LFI (0.3328 [0.07786–0.5878]), Child-Turcotte-Pugh (0.9624 [0.1435–1.781]), model for end-stage liver disease (1.401 [0.04698–2.75]), insulin-like growth factor-1 (−6.295 [−11.09 to −1.495] ng/dL), and ALS (−8.728 [−14.12 to −3.341] pg/mL) were statistically significantly better (P < 0.05) in group A. There was no improvement in nutritional parameters, clinical scores, QOL scores, or nitrogen balance in group B. The mean difference between group A and B in SMI, HGS, MAMC, LFI, ALS, physical component summary, and mental component summary at 12 months was also statistically significant. Survival at 12 months was similar in both groups (P = 0.35). No serious adverse events were observed.

DISCUSSION:

Long-term use of GH is safe in DC and leads to improvement in malnutrition and possibly QOL. However, there is no improvement in 12-month survival (NCT03420144).
Salus: Salud y salvación en la ciencia y en los Padres de la Iglesia
Authors: Oio Pablo Damián
Published: April 2023

La experiencia de la enfermedad y del bienestar en el ser humano ha hecho surgir diferentes concepciones acerca de la salud. Con el uso del mismo término salus, se percibe la relación entre la salud humana y la salvación obrada por Cristo. Por estas razones, en este texto se hace una revisión de los aspectos que, en el ámbito científico, se destacaron acerca de la salud y la enfermedad definiendo, además, a la salud desde la psicología. Luego, se presentan textos bíblicos que nos hablan de la sanación obrada por Dios en los seres humanos. Finalmente, se expone la riqueza de las reflexiones de los Padres de la Iglesia sobre la salud y la enfermedad, la terapia, la curación y la salvación. De este modo, se puede descubrir la relación y la unidad entre los conceptos modernos de la salud y la salvación realizada por Cristo Médico en cada persona.
Strah potrošnikov glede prehranske varnosti v Sloveniji v obdobju prvega vala COVID-19 krize
Authors: TURNŠEK Maja , JUNGE Ranka , MILIČIĆ Vesna , BAVEC Martina
Published: April 2023

Raznovrstne krize znatno vplivajo na celoten prehranski sektor in spreminjajo stališča Evropejcev in politik o pomenu prehranske varnosti, trajnostno pridelane, kakovostne in varne hrane za zdravje potrošnikov. Prispevek se osredotoča na strah glede prehranske varnosti v času prvega vala COVID-19 krize v Sloveniji, na z njim povezan strah glede prehranske varnosti v prihodnje in na spremembe potrošnih vedenj. Spletno anketiranje je bilo v Sloveniji izvedeno v juniju 2020 na način »snežene kepe« in je zajelo 490 posameznikov. Rezultati so pokazali, da sta obe merjeni obliki strahu (i) strah o prehranski varnosti med prvim valom COVID-19 krize in (ii) strah o prehranski varnosti v prihodnosti statistično značilno, srednje močno in pozitivno povezani s skoraj vsemi samozaznanimi spremembami lastnega vedenja zaradi pojava COVID-19 krize. Anketiranci so se najbolj osredotočili na nakup živil, ki so pridelana in predelana v Sloveniji, na ustvarjanje večjih prehranskih zalog ter na večjo pazljivost pri tem, koliko hrane zavržejo. Zgolj manjše spremembe pa so izrazili glede nakupnih kanalov, pri čemer so neposredno od kmetov pogosteje nakupovali starejši, višje izobraženi in ti, ki se samouvrščajo v višji družbeni razred. V prihodnje bi bilo treba vključiti reprezentativen vzorec in primerjati rezultate z rezultati v drugih državah in podrobneje analizirati vpliv posameznikovega ekonomskega položaja in vpliv promocijskih kampanj na spremembo potrošnih vedenj.
Genetic variation and cluster analysis of Narcissus tazetta L. genotypes using RAPD and ISSR markers
Authors: ZABET Mohammad , ESMAEILZAEI Leyli , IZANLOO Ali , RAMAZANI Seyyed Hamid Reza
Published: April 2023

To evaluate the genetic diversity of Iranian Narcissus genotypes (e.g., Shomal, Shastpar, Shahla, Yasuj, Shiraz-1, Shiraz-2, Kuchak-e-Atri, Dutch, Khosf-1, Khosf-2, Birjand, and Tabas), different RAPD and ISSR primers were examined at the Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran. In sum, RAPD and ISSR primers produced 189 and 80 high-resolution bands. The average values of PIC, Ht, Hs, Nm, DST, FDT, NA, Ne, H, and I indices were 0.287, 0.369, 0.089, 0.486, 0.279, 0.760, 1.952, 1.459, 0.282, 0.437 for RAPD markers and equal to 0.297, 0.380, 0.099, 0.524, 0.278, 0.732, 1.978, 1.495, 0.303, 0.467 for ISSR markers, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance based on the RAPD and ISSR markers showed 23 and 13 % variations for intra-populations and 77 % and 87 % changes for inter-population variabilities, respectively. Cluster analysis based on the RAPD and ISSR markers grouped genotypes into four clusters. Based on RAPD and ISSR markers, the PCoA analysis also showed that the first three components justified equal to 96.9 % and 97.9 % of the total variance, respectively, indicating the dispersion of the primers used. In general, it was concluded that the genetic diversity of narcissus species could be employed for breeding programs.
Cultivation of irrigated tomatoes with ozonised water under a Mediterranean climate in Algeria
Authors: BENALI Fouzia , RAMDANI Nadia , TILMATINE Amar , ABDERRAHMANE Abdelkader , ACHOURI Malik Mohamed
Published: April 2023

This study presents the results of an experimental work carried out on tomato seedlings of the same varietal type, grown under a Mediterranean climate and irrigated with ozonised water at different ozonisation durations that vary from zero to 30 seconds. In order to assess the impact of aqueous ozone on the agronomic performances and the physicochemical characteristics of fruits. The tomatoes responded differently between themselves and the control batch. The results obtained showed precocity of germination, an increase in growth, development, and vigour in the experimental plants compared to the controls. The yield is proportional to the increase in the ozonisation time of irrigation water. During the reproductive phase of the plants, no negative effects were observed. The physicochemical characteristics of fruits could be evaluated; they are distinguished from higher sugar contents in the experimental tomatoes compared to controls, no great difference for the other criteria analysed, the latter were generally in accordance with the standardized values of the literature as well as with the applicable national regulations. Ozonisation of irrigation water is an effective and promising alternative method, which improves germination time and increases fruit yield without negatively affecting their marketability.
Preliminary assessment of genetic diversity between Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Asteraceae) by AFLP markers
Authors: GALLUCCI Alessia , MUSARELLA Carmelo Maria , CANO-ORTIZ Ana , PIÑAR FUENTES José Carlos , QUINTO CANAS Ricardo , Villano Clizia
Published: April 2023

Glebionis coronaria is a valuable and medicinal herb native of Mediterranean region. Recently, G. coronaria var. discolor has been elevated to the rank of species as G. discolor (d’Urv.) Cano based on morphological characteristics, distinguishing it from G. coronaria var. coronaria (=G. coronaria). To investigate the genetic basis of this diversity, AFLP markers were applied to genotypes of G. discolor and G. coronaria sampled in three different Mediterranean regions (Italy, Spain, and Portugal). Our results showed that among 1347 fragments identified with five primer combinations 99.55 % were polymorphic. The genetic distance and the Shannon Index values suggested that the two species can be genetically distinguished, but further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Radix puerariae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Li Cheng , Jiang Hongli , Yao Jingchun , Chen Xulong , Tian PuXun
Published: April 2023

Radix puerariae has become the most commonly used medicine for diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism of Radix puerariae in the treatment of DN is not completely clear. This study is to determine the active ingredients, targets, and signaling pathways of Radix puerariae for the treatment of DN using network pharmacology analysis and animal experiments to confirm its possible mechanism of action. A total of 12 potential effective components and 10 key therapeutic targets were obtained. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the use of Radix puerariae in DN treatment mainly involves HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling, and VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular docking proved that the combined activity of the components with potential key targets were excellent. Animal experiments showed that Radix puerariae could improve the renal pathological structure in DN rats. Radix puerariae could decrease the content of AKT1, IL-6, INS, and reduce the expression levels of p-Akt/Akt and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 in renal tissue of DN rats. This study provides insight into the therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of Radix puerariae for treating DN.
DC ground fault monitoring method of electrical equipment in 110 kV smart substation based on improved rough set
Authors: Sun Pei , Gao Jianyong , Li Xiang , Zhang Pingjuan , Yang Ke
Published: April 2023

In order to improve the effect and timeliness of ground fault monitoring and improve the effect of fault early warning, a DC ground fault monitoring method for electrical equipment in 110 kV smart substations based on improved rough sets is proposed. The characteristics of the DC ground fault current are analyzed, and the equivalent model of the DC system is constructed according to the analysis results. The low-frequency signal is enhanced according to the fuzzy rough set, and the low-frequency sampled transient zero-sequence current signal is enhanced preprocessing and wavelet packet decomposition according to the signal enhancement proportional coefficient, and the fault line is selected according to the principle of maximum energy. The wavelet packet transform method is used to decompose and analyze the waveform of the leakage current generated when a single-point grounding fault occurs in a branch of the DC system, and the grounding fault location of the DC system of the substation is realized by relative entropy operation. With the help of the cloud platform, a DC ground fault monitoring platform is built, and the ground fault monitoring is completed by using this platform. The experimental results show that the method can obtain the characteristic harmonics of the ground fault, accurately monitor whether the mutation occurs, and can realize the early warning of the ground fault of the electrical equipment in a faster time, indicating that it can realize the accurate and timely monitoring of the ground fault.
Changes in grit and psychological capital at the time of major crisis: nursing students’ perseverance, resources, and resilience
Authors: Terry Daniel , Peck Blake , Biangone Marianne
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To examine changes in grit and psychological capital among nursing students prior to, during the height of the pandemic, and more than 12 months after the initial pandemic announcement.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design addressed the aim of the study. Nursing students undertaking a three-year baccalaureate degree between 2019 and 2021 were included.

Results

Mean grit levels among the n=818 unique student participants were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 and 2021; however, no significant difference was detected for psychological capital over the same period.

Conclusions

Although normative day-to-day challenges may aid grit development, a major event has a negative impact yet has a buffering effect of negative life events at the time of a crisis. The study further placates that psychological capital remains malleable and open to change at the time of a crisis and may be an essential mechanism to mediate grit and has the capacity to influence student performance over time. It remains essential to develop grit through the mediating elements of psychological capital to enable nursing student to undertake academic studies, particularly in the event of major challenges, such approaches may further enable students’ endurance to withstand major crises as they enter the workforce.
Semi-analytical approximation of time-fractional telegraph equation via natural transform in Caputo derivative
Authors: Kapoor Mamta , Khosla Samanyu
Published: April 2023

In the present research study, time-fractional hyperbolic telegraph equations are solved iteratively using natural transform in one, two, and three dimensions. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. These equations serve as a model for the wave theory process of signal processing and transmission of electric impulses. To evaluate the validity and effectiveness of the suggested strategy, a graphical comparison of approximated and exact findings is performed. Convergence analysis of the approximations utilising

L

∞

{L}_{\infty }

has been done using tables. The suggested approach may successfully and without errors solve a wide variety of ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations (PDEs), fractional PDEs, and fractional hyperbolic telegraph equations.
Compounded Bell-G class of statistical models with applications to COVID-19 and actuarial data
Authors: Alsadat Najwan , Imran Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad H. , Jamal Farrukh , Ahmad Hijaz , Elgarhy Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The compounded Bell generalized class of distributions is proposed in this article as an alternative to the compounded Poisson generalized family of distributions. Some properties and actuarial measures are presented. The properties of a special model named Bell Weibull (BellW) are obtained such as the linear representation of density, rth moment, incomplete moment, moment generating function using Wright generalized hypergeometric function and Meijer’s G function, the pth moment of order statistics, reliability, stochastic ordering, and residual and reversed residual life. Moreover, some commonly used entropy measures, namely, Rényi, Havrda and Charvat, and Arimoto and Tsallis entropy are obtained for the special model. From the inferential side, parameters are estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. The simulation study is performed to highlight the behavior of estimates. Some actuarial measures including expected shortfall, value at risk, tail value at risk, tail variance, and tail variance premium for the BellW model are presented with the numerical illustration. The usefulness of the proposed family is evaluated using insurance claims and COVID-19 datasets. Convincing results are obtained.
Assessment of medical waste generation rate in Viet Nam
Authors: Le Thai Ha , Do Phuong Hien , Nguyen Phuong Hang , Do Vu Khanh Huyen , Nguyen Thi Ha
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to estimate medical wastes generation rates in Viet Nam. Within 3 years (from 2017 to 2019), total medical wastes generated daily of 1,737 health-care facilities at different levels from 19/63 provinces in Viet Nam were surveyed. The calculation was based on the median daily generation (in kg) of 6 medical waste groups and total actual patient beds in 9 health-care facility categories. Six medical waste groups were sharps, non-sharps, high-risk infectious, pathological, non-infectious hazardous, recyclable and non-recyclable wastes. Surveyed health-care facilities were categorized in central general hospitals, central specialist hospitals, provincial general hospitals, provincial specialist hospitals, district health centers, regional clinics, commune health stations, private hospitals and private clinics. The results showed that waste generation rates varied from 0.0009 to 1.619 kg/bed/day depends on type of medical wastes or health-care facilities.

For no-patient-bed facilities (commune health stations and private clinics), medical waste generation rates of these two were calculated in kg/day and varied from 0.1 to 1.75 kg/day.
Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area
Authors: Prokofeva Kseniia , Saito Yuki C. , Niwa Yasutaka , Mizuno Seiya , Takahashi Satoru , Hirano Arisa , Sakurai Takeshi
Published: April 2023

To understand how sleep-wakefulness cycles are regulated, it is essential to disentangle structural and functional relationships between the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), since these regions play important yet opposing roles in the sleep-wakefulness regulation. GABA- and galanin (GAL)-producing neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the POA (VLPOGABAand VLPOGALneurons) are responsible for the maintenance of sleep, while the LHA contains orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) that are crucial for maintenance of wakefulness. Through the use of rabies virus-mediated neural tracing combined within situhybridization (ISH) in male and femaleorexin-iCremice, we revealed that the vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat, Slc32a1)- and galanin (Gal)-expressing neurons in the VLPO directly synapse with orexin neurons in the LHA. A majority (56.3 ± 8.1%) of all VLPO input neurons connecting to orexin neurons were double-positive forVgatandGal. Using projection-specific rabies virus-mediated tracing in male and femaleVgat-ires-CreandGal-Cremice, we discovered that VLPOGABAand VLPOGALneurons that send projections to the LHA received innervations from similarly distributed input neurons in many brain regions, with the POA and LHA being among the main upstream areas. Additionally, we found that acute optogenetic excitation of axons of VLPOGABAneurons, but not VLPOGALneurons, in the LHA of maleVgat-ires-Cremice induced wakefulness. This study deciphers the connectivity between the VLPO and LHA, provides a large-scale map of upstream neuronal populations of VLPO→LHA neurons, and reveals a previously uncovered function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe identified neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) that are positive for vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) and/or galanin (Gal) and serve as presynaptic partners of orexin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). We depicted monosynaptic input neurons of GABA- and galanin-producing neurons in the VLPO that send projections to the LHA throughout the entire brain. Their input neurons largely overlap, suggesting that they comprise a common neuronal population. However, acute excitatory optogenetic manipulation of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway, but not the VLPOGAL→LHA pathway, evoked wakefulness. This study shows the connectivity of major components of the sleep/wake circuitry in the hypothalamus and unveils a previously unrecognized function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in sleep-wakefulness regulation. Furthermore, we suggest the existence of subpopulations of VLPOGABAneurons that innervate LHA.
Biopower in Transition
Authors: Lincoln Martha
Published: April 2023

This article examines the shifting biopolitical significance of poverty in Vietnam’s post-reform period, drawing on ethnographic interviews with poor Hanoians. Concomitant with the political economic and sociocultural shifts of market transition, public accounts of poverty’s nature and causes have transformed. The diminished national prevalence of poverty, rapid macroeconomic growth, and the ethos of “socialization” inform accounts that depoliticize deprivation and present it in biopolitical terms, as an inherent characteristic of some social groups. Economic and policy transformations mean that low-income urban residents navigate competing obligations under market socialism: to be as self-reliant as possible while remaining legible as legitimately deserving.
Cyberemotions in the Era of New Media
Authors: Zhang Qing , Meng Xiujuan
Published: April 2023

The introduction of new media has accelerated changes in the generation and delivery of information. Cyberemotions, as a new type of public opinion, can be more contagious and propagate in more diverse ways than traditional public sentiments. The emotions of internet users have a rising influence on the progression of recent significant social events. In order to spark additional discussion on online sentiment modulation and online public opinion tracking, this article presented an overview of cyberemotions definition and key analytical methodologies in existing online sentiment research, as well as a synopsis of major components of cyberemotions.
Teacher Professional Development: Perspectives from a Research Experience with Teachers
Authors: Aparicio-Molina Carolina , Sepúlveda-López Felipe
Published: April 2023

Objective. To analyze the scope of realization of professional learning communities with teachers and management teams who implemented that intervention during two years in a high school in the south of Chile. Methodology. In this applied research, teachers participated in phases of diagnosis of training needs for professional development. Based on this, a proposal of work sessions theoretically and methodologically linked to the professional learning communities was structured. The proposal was designed and implemented together with the school’s management team. After the implementation, the study followed with qualitative interviews and focal groups about the experience conducted with 17 participants; these instances were analyzed by thematic analysis following the phenomenological approach. Analysis of Results. The analyses allowed the emergence of three elements related to professional learning and agency capacity. It was especially evident that teachers recognized their capacity to take charge of their professional learning by considering work routines, focusing on learning as a positive factor among teachers and being important in all phases of a collaborative work design. Conclusions. The findings show that, although specific stimuli, spaces, and moments are required to encourage teachers’ work, it is possible to improve based on their own capacities, i.e., within each establishment, there is the possibility of achieving learning for all. This call is addressed to pedagogical leaders, who can modify their roles and adapt to professionals recognized as agents of change.
Impacto y retos enfrentados por la educación básica y universitaria en América Latina y España durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Arellanos-Carrión Sonia
Published: April 2023

Introducción. Frente a la pandemia de COVID-19, los sistemas educativos el 2020 suspendieron las clases presenciales. Objetivo. El presente artículo de revisión realiza un análisis del estado actual de las investigaciones sobre los retos e impacto de la educación básica y universitaria en la pandemia de la COVID-19. Metodología. Se identificaron 13 artículos publicados el 2020 según los criterios: si identifican retos de la educación en la pandemia de la COVID-19, si la información aporte al conocimiento del estado actual de las investigaciones y si permiten el logro del objetivo propuesto; el análisis fue en función de los diferentes actores educativos y el gobierno, el impacto y los retos enfrentados. Resultados. Se encontró que el impacto fue grande: para los gobiernos el cierre de escuelas incrementaba las desigualdades, al estudiantado le cambiaron sus hábitos y la responsabilidad de dirigir su propio aprendizaje, al profesorado reorganizar su trabajo de clases presenciales a virtuales, y a las familia la responsabilidad de mediadora del aprendizaje de sus hijos e hijas. Los retos asumidos: los gobiernos, buscar el reinicio de las clases y cuidar la salud pública; el estudiantado, desde casa, conducir con autonomía su aprendizaje; el profesorado, aprender sobre las TIC y replantear su trabajo; las familias, apoyar y motivar a sus hijos e hijas. Conclusiones. La pandemia ha generado retos, pero también oportunidades; la educación a distancia se quedará para tiempos de crisis o desastres, pero la educación presencial será necesaria para los grupos más vulnerables.
Aplicación lúdica de la realidad aumentada (RA) en el Museo de Ciencias en Madrid, España
Authors: Camps-Ortueta Irene , Deltell Luis , Gutiérrez-Manjón Sergio
Published: April 2023

Introducción. Esta investigación utiliza el videojuego serio de realidad aumentada (RA) Enigma Ciencia MNCN, desarrollado por PadaOne Games para el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) en Madrid. Objetivo. Favorecer el acercamiento a las disciplinas STEM (desarrollo de las competencias propias de los grados de ciencias e ingenierías) del estudiantado en un ámbito de aprendizaje informal como es el MNCN. Método. Nuestro análisis se centra en cómo el uso de videojuegos serios aumenta la satisfacción de las personas visitantes en los centros museísticos especializados en ciencias naturales. Para ello se convocó a diversos sujetos a utilizar el nuevo videojuego durante una sesión de una hora en dicho centro. Además, este estudio investiga si el método de aprendizaje colaborativo es más eficaz que el individual. Resultados. Este experimento se realizó de forma presencial en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) en Madrid, desde junio de 2018 hasta junio de 2019. El número total de sujetos fue de N= 317, de los cuales 297 eran menores de edad entre seis y trece años y 20 personas adultas acompañantes. Para analizar los datos obtenidos hemos utilizado el software SPSS Statistics. Discusión y conclusiones. Las conclusiones del estudio indican que el videojuego serio Enigma Ciencia MNCN aumenta la satisfacción en la visita del museo y, además, se observa que la participación de forma colaborativa favorece un mejor resultado y eficacia en el juego.
Tipo de inferencias y comprensión de textos narrativos en básica primaria: Un análisis desde la teoría de sistemas dinámicos
Authors: Gutiérrez-Romero Mario Fernando , Escobar-Altare Andrea , Montes-González Jairo Andrés
Published: April 2023

Introducción. Se analiza la comprensión de textos narrativos, desde una perspectiva del desarrollo dinámica, compleja y microgenética. El interés es poner en evidencia la variabilidad del funcionamiento inferencial que emerge en situaciones de lectura reiterada. Objetivos. Se propuso identificar el tipo de inferencias y los niveles de comprensión que alcanza la niñez cuando lee y discute diferentes textos narrativos, establecer la variabilidad de las trayectorias individuales del estudiantado en función del libro leído y del tiempo en el cual son producidas, e identificar la relación entre el tipo de inferencia evocado y el nivel de comprensión alcanzado. Metodología. Se utilizó un diseño de caso múltiple con orientación microgenética. Participó un grupo de cinco estudiantes, tres niñas y dos niños con edades entre los ocho años y nueve años de edad; se leyeron cuatro historias y contestaron preguntas literales, inferenciales y crítico-intertextuales. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada para cada uno de los cuatro textos infantiles propuestos. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 134 enunciados en 65 turnos de palabra; los análisis de trayectorias microgenéticas evidencian que el tipo de inferencia, los niveles de comprensión y la variabilidad de las trayectorias individuales fluctúan notoriamente en función del libro leído y del tiempo de lectura transcurrido. Los análisis realizados con rejillas de estado de espacio dan cuenta de una adaptabilidad del funcionamiento cognitivo de las personas participantes, pues el tipo de inferencias evocado se modifica en función de la historia leída. Conclusiones. Las inferencias y los niveles de comprensión lectora son procesos complejos y recursivos con una alta variabilidad, la cual depende del texto leído y del tiempo transcurrido de lectura; no se encuentra evidencia de un funcionamiento inferencial estable y lineal. Si ha de evaluarse la comprensión del estudiantado, se debe contemplar tanto el uso de diversos tipos de textos como los cambios que se producen en el tiempo.
Saberes pedagógicos en torno a la construcción de paz a partir de relatos de maestros y maestras de la ruralidad dispersa colombiana
Authors: Echavarría-Grajales Carlos Valerio , Meza-Rueda José Luis , González-Meléndez Lizeth Lorena , Bernal-Ospina Julián
Published: April 2023

Objetivo. Identificar los saberes pedagógicos relacionados con la construcción de paz de maestros y maestras rurales que se ubican en seis departamentos de Colombia. Metodología. Este artículo se deriva de la segunda fase de la investigación, la cual se enfocó en las narrativas escritas por 60 maestras y maestros de instituciones educativas rurales colombianas, en el marco las misiones pedagógicas territoriales. Para el análisis se grabó, se transcribió y se categorizó en macroestructuras de sentido la información producida en las comunidades mixtas de investigación, formación e innovación que constituyeron las maestras y los maestros participantes de esta investigación. Resultados. El desarrollo de las capacidades políticas, éticas y ciudadanas contribuye a la concreción de condiciones de posibilidad que amplían las libertades humanas e institucionales para hacer de la educación y de la paz derechos restituidos. Aunque no coinciden el discurso político educativo y las experiencias ciudadanas, los saberes pedagógicos en torno a la construcción de paz resultan en una praxis que, al ser reflexionada, permite validar concepciones y creencias acerca de la convivialidad, democracia, participación, derechos humanos, respeto por la diferencia, diálogo, resolución de conflictos y trabajo colaborativo. Conclusiones. Construir paz en la escuela rural explicita un saber pedagógico relacionado con los propósitos formativos de una cultura de paz: la memoria histórica, la formación ciudadana y la dignificación humana.
Prevalencia y morfometría de Eimeria spp en cuyes de Chota, Cajamarca
Authors: Torrel Pajares Severino , Estela Collantes Santos , Rojas-Moncada Juan , Murga-Moreno César , Vargas-Rocha Luis
Published: April 2023

El presente trabajo determina la prevalencia de Eimeria spp y realiza el estudio morfométrico de los ooquistes hallados en las heces de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) procedentes de granjas de crianza familiar comercial del distrito de Chota, Cajamarca, Perú. El estudio se realizó entre agosto y octubre de 2014. Se obtuvieron 285 muestras de heces independientemente del sexo, edad y tipo de cuyes en ocho caseríos. Las muestras fueron procesadas mediante la técnica de Sheather y el estudio morfométrico de los ooquistes se efectuó por observación en microscopio a 40X empleando un ocular micrométrico con un factor de corrección de 1.64. La esporulación de los ooquistes se indujo con dicromato de potasio al 2.5%. La prevalencia de Eimeria spp fue de 25%. El promedio de los ooquistes de forma ovoide fue de 17.46 µm de largo y 17.25 µm de ancho y para los de forma elipsoidal fue de 23.40 µm de largo y 17.8 µm de ancho. Las características morfométricas indican que se trataría de Eimeria caviae.
Criterios para la protección jurídica de los animales en la legislación y la jurisprudencia comparada
Authors: Morales Guisseppi , Gutiérrez Nallely , Solorzano Tamara , Chipana Fernanda
Published: April 2023

La protección de los animales es una de las preocupaciones cada vez más intensas en diversas partes del mundo que se refleja en la producción legislativa y jurisprudencial de los países. En ese sentido, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los criterios que se han desarrollado en la legislación y en la reflexión de los órganos de administración de justicia de países de América Latina y Europa. Se identificó que existen criterios innovadores que permiten asignarles a los animales la cualidad de seres sintientes y en algunos casos como sujetos de derecho, lo que permite ampliar el ámbito de protección en favor de estos.