bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Region-adaptive magnetic resonance image enhancement for improving CNN-based segmentation of the prostate and prostatic zones
Authors: Zaridis Dimitrios I. , Mylona Eugenia , Tachos Nikolaos , Pezoulas Vasileios C. , Grigoriadis Grigorios , Tsiknakis Nikos , Marias Kostas , Tsiknakis Manolis , Fotiadis Dimitrios I.
Published: January 2023

Automatic segmentation of the prostate of and the prostatic zones on MRI remains one of the most compelling research areas. While different image enhancement techniques are emerging as powerful tools for improving the performance of segmentation algorithms, their application still lacks consensus due to contrasting evidence regarding performance improvement and cross-model stability, further hampered by the inability to explain models’ predictions. Particularly, for prostate segmentation, the effectiveness of image enhancement on different Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) remains largely unexplored. The present work introduces a novel image enhancement method, named RACLAHE, to enhance the performance of CNN models for segmenting the prostate’s gland and the prostatic zones. The improvement in performance and consistency across five CNN models (U-Net, U-Net++, U-Net3+, ResU-net and USE-NET) is compared against four popular image enhancement methods. Additionally, a methodology is proposed to explain, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the relation between saliency maps and ground truth probability maps. Overall, RACLAHE was the most consistent image enhancement algorithm in terms of performance improvement across CNN models with the mean increase in Dice Score ranging from 3 to 9% for the different prostatic regions, while achieving minimal inter-model variability. The integration of a feature driven methodology to explain the predictions after applying image enhancement methods, enables the development of a concrete, trustworthy automated pipeline for prostate segmentation on MR images.
Effects of imeglimin on mitochondrial function, AMPK activity, and gene expression in hepatocytes
Authors: Hozumi Kaori , Sugawara Kenji , Ishihara Takaya , Ishihara Naotada , Ogawa Wataru
Published: January 2023

Imeglimin is a recently launched antidiabetic drug structurally related to metformin. To provide insight into the pharmacological properties of imeglimin, we investigated its effects on hepatocytes and compared them with those of metformin. The effects of imeglimin on mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were examined with an extracellular flux analyzer and on gene expression in HepG2 cells by comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis. The effects of the drug on AMPK activity in HepG2 cells, mouse primary hepatocytes, and mouse liver were also examined. Treatment of HepG2 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes with imeglimin reduced the oxygen consumption rate coupled to ATP production. Imeglimin activated AMPK in these cells whereas the potency was smaller than metformin. Bolus administration of imeglimin in mice also activated AMPK in the liver. Whereas the effects of imeglimin and metformin on gene expression in HepG2 cells were similar overall, the expression of genes encoding proteins of mitochondrial respiratory complex III and complex I was upregulated by imeglimin but not by metformin. Our results suggest that imeglimin and metformin exert similar pharmacological effects on mitochondrial respiration, AMPK activity, and gene expression in cultured hepatocytes, whereas the two drugs differ in their effects on the expression of certain genes related to mitochondrial function.
Utilization of temporal autoencoder for semi-supervised intracranial EEG clustering and classification
Authors: Nejedly Petr , Kremen Vaclav , Lepkova Kamila , Mivalt Filip , Sladky Vladimir , Pridalova Tereza , Plesinger Filip , Jurak Pavel , Pail Martin , Brazdil Milan , Klimes Petr , Worrell Gregory
Published: January 2023

Manual visual review, annotation and categorization of electroencephalography (EEG) is a time-consuming task that is often associated with human bias and requires trained electrophysiology experts with specific domain knowledge. This challenge is now compounded by development of measurement technologies and devices allowing large-scale heterogeneous, multi-channel recordings spanning multiple brain regions over days, weeks. Currently, supervised deep-learning techniques were shown to be an effective tool for analyzing big data sets, including EEG. However, the most significant caveat in training the supervised deep-learning models in a clinical research setting is the lack of adequate gold-standard annotations created by electrophysiology experts. Here, we propose a semi-supervised machine learning technique that utilizes deep-learning methods with a minimal amount of gold-standard labels. The method utilizes a temporal autoencoder for dimensionality reduction and a small number of the expert-provided gold-standard labels used for kernel density estimating (KDE) maps. We used data from electrophysiological intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings acquired in two hospitals with different recording systems across 39 patients to validate the method. The method achieved iEEG classification (Pathologic vs. Normal vs. Artifacts) results with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) scores of 0.862 ± 0.037, 0.879 ± 0.042, and area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) scores of 0.740 ± 0.740, 0.714 ± 0.042. This demonstrates that semi-supervised methods can provide acceptable results while requiring only 100 gold-standard data samples in each classification category. Subsequently, we deployed the technique to 12 novel patients in a pseudo-prospective framework for detecting Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). We show that the proposed temporal autoencoder was able to generalize to novel patients while achieving AUROC of 0.877 ± 0.067 and AUPRC of 0.705 ± 0.154.
Minisci reaction of heteroarenes and unactivated C(sp3)–H alkanes via a photogenerated chlorine radical
Authors: Pan Zi-Tong , Shen Li-Miao , Dagnaw Fentahun Wondu , Zhong Jian-Ji , Jian Jing-Xin , Tong Qing-Xiao
Published: January 2023

Minisci reaction of heteroarenes and unactivated C(sp3)–H alkanes via a photogenerated chlorine radical from FeCl3 and seawater.
Dome-shaped mode lasing from liquid crystals for full-color lasers and high-sensitivity detection
Authors: Duan Rui , Zhang Zitong , Xiao Lian , Ren Tianhua , Zhou Xuehong , Thung Yi Tian , Ta Van Duong , Yang Jun , Sun Handong
Published: January 2023

A new class of oscillation mode, dome-shaped mode (DSM), in liquid crystal (LC) microlasers is reported. The proposed LC-DSM laser has been proven to have excellent potential in full-color lasing and displays, and high-sensitivity sensing.
3D printing flexible zinc-ion microbatteries with ultrahigh areal capacity and energy density for wearable electronics
Authors: Yan Weibin , Cai Xinze , Tan Feipeng , Liang Jiahui , Zhao Jiangqi , Tan Chaoliang
Published: January 2023

A flexible zinc ion microbattery with ultra-high areal capacity and energy density is fabricated through an improved 3D printing technology based on Ce/F co-doped V2O5.
Noninvasive, continuous fluorescence monitoring of bilirubin photodegradation
Authors: Perkov Sergei , Gorin Dmitry
Published: January 2023

Bilirubin fluorescence dynamics during phototherapy depend on the initial concentration, enabling possibilities for continuous monitoring of bilirubin during jaundice with higher accuracy.
Continuously perfusable, customisable, and matrix-free vasculature on a chip platform
Authors: Chesnais Francois , Joel Jordan , Hue Jonas , Shakib Sima , Di Silvio Lucy , Grigoriadis Agamemnon E. , Coward Trevor , Veschini Lorenzo
Published: January 2023

We present a new continuously perfusable, customisable, and matrix free vasculature on chip (VoC) platform enabling to study microvascular functions and responses to perturbations under physiologic perfusive flow.
A label-free and selective SERS-based sensor for determination of ampicillin contamination in water using a fabric gold–silver alloy substrate with a handheld Raman spectrometer
Authors: Karn-orachai Kullavadee , Ngamaroonchote Aroonsri
Published: January 2023

A plasmonic Au–Ag alloy fabric substrate is developed via in situ self-assembly of Au–Ag alloy NPs on muslin fabric. An appropriate molar ratio of Au and Ag and type of substrate are proved to be key factors for selective detection of ampicillin.
On the physicochemical properties, setting chemical reaction, and in vitro bioactivity of aragonite–chitosan composite cement as a bone substitute
Authors: Toufik E. , Noukrati H. , Rey C. , Marsan O. , Charvillat C. , Cazalbou S. , Ben Youcef H. , Barroug A. , Combes C.
Published: January 2023

A chitosan gel additive modulates the initial vaterite dissolution–recrystallisation in injectable aragonite-based composite cement and promotes its in vitro bioactivity.
NaHBEt3-catalyzed HBpin hydroboration and deoxygenation of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides
Authors: Yan Ben , Ma Xiaoli , Pang Ziyuan , Yang Zhi
Published: January 2023

Herein, we used alkali metal to catalyze the hydroboration of amides, and hence provide a new route for the reduction of the amides. And we conducted a study of the mechanism of the reduction of primary amide by carrying out control experimental reactions.
Systematic radical species control by electron push–pull substitution in the perylene-based D–π–A compounds
Authors: Ahn Mina , Lee Soyoon , Kim Min-Ji , Chae Minjung , Cho Dae Won , Wee Kyung-Ryang
Published: January 2023

(D–π–A)˙−& (D–π–A)˙+are generated in response to electrical stimulation. Unlike (D–π–A)˙−, (D–π–A)˙+shows a systematically controllable substituent effect by the DPA R group ranging from electron-withdrawing F to electron-donating OMe group.
Correction: The role of ion solvation in lithium mediated nitrogen reduction
Authors: Westhead O. , Spry M. , Bagger A. , Shen Z. , Yadegari H. , Favero S. , Tort R. , Titirici M. , Ryan M. P. , Jervis R. , Katayama Y. , Aguadero A. , Regoutz A. , Grimaud A. , Stephens I. E. L.
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘The role of ion solvation in lithium mediated nitrogen reduction’ by O. Westhead et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA07686A.
Influence of rotor excitation source model in electromagnetic field–circuit coupling analysis model of tubular hydro‐generator on no‐load voltage waveform and damper winding loss calculation results
Authors: Gu Shi‐fu , Bian Zu‐ying , Zhou Zhi‐ting , Fan Zhen‐nan , Yang Yong , Li Jing‐can
Published: January 2023

In this study, a 34‐MW tubular hydro‐generator was selected as the study example. For the electromagnetic field–circuit coupling analysis model, the effects of the ideal DC voltage and current sources (i.e. two models of the rotor excitation power supply) on the no‐load voltage waveform quality and the damper winding loss calculation results were studied by considering the influence of the electromagnetic induction of the rotor excitation winding. The obtained results provide direct and effective theoretical support and technical reference for improving the accuracy and rationality of the calculation results of the electromagnetic performance parameters and the analysis, design, manufacturing and operating level of such generators.
On the security of ‘an ultra‐lightweight and secure scheme for communications of smart metres and neighbourhood gateways by utilisation of an ARM Cortex‐M microcontroller’
Authors: Miri Sonia , Kaveh Masoud , Shahhoseini Hadi Shahriar , Mosavi Mohammad Reza , Aghapour Saeed
Published: January 2023

In 2018, Abbasinezhad‐Mood and Nikooghadam (IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid, pp 6194–6205, 9(6), 2018) proposed an ultra‐lightweight secure scheme for neighbourhood area network () communications in smart grid. They have claimed that their protocol is secure against all known attacks in environment by providing informal security analysis besides a formal analysis which was done by using an automatic verification tool. However, by performing several attacks, this study shows that their scheme has serious security flaws. After performing each attack, lightweight countermeasures is proposed for securing their protocol against that attack.
Retracted: Prediction of stock market movement via technical analysis of stock data stored on blockchain using novel History Bits based machine learning algorithm
Authors: Sakhare Nitin Nandkumar , Shaik Imambi S. , Saha Suman
Published: January 2023

Retraction: [Nitin Nandkumar Sakhare, Imambi S. Shaik, Suman Saha, Prediction of stock market movement via technical analysis of stock data stored on blockchain using novel History Bits based machine learning algorithm, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12092)].

The above article from IET Software, published online on 12 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
The Influence of Polyamines on the Expression of Escherichia Coli Ribosome Hibernation Factor Raia
Authors: Khaova Elena A. , Tkachenko Alexander G.
Published: January 2023

RaiA is one of the main ribosome hibernation factors in Escherichia coli. Like other ribosome hibernation factors, this protein reversibly inhibits translation under stress conditions. According to published data, being induced by indole, RaiA is involved in bacterial persistence, which is considered to play important role in the recalcitrance of chronic infections to antibiotics. Previously, we showed that the raiA expression on the transcriptional level is stimulated by polyamines, in addition to indole. In this work, we investigated the influence of polyamines on the raiA expression on the translational level. We obtained the predicted secondary structures of raiA mRNA, the analysis of which showed the presence of the bulged-out region in the initiation site with a high probability. This may be a sign of gene involvement in the polyamine modulon. We constructed translational raiA::lacZ reporter fusion. Using this genetic construct, we studied the effects of polyamines on the raiA expression through an addition of putrescine, cadaverine or spermidine at concentrations of 1 mM and 2 mM. According to the results, the raiA expression is primarily stimulated by cadaverine at the stationary phase.
Effect of Exogenous Spermine on Biofilm Formation in Mycobacteria by Stimulating the Synthesis of Glycopeptidolipids
Authors: Tsyganov I.V. , Tkachenko А.G.
Published: January 2023

Biofilm formation is of great interest by its ability to increase bacterial tolerance to antibiotics that represent a serious problem for modern medicine. Among mycobacteria, which are also capable of forming biofilms, there are pathogens of socially dangerous infections, including tuberculosis. Basing on these data, the strains ofMycolicibacterium smegmatismc2155 were chosen as the objects of this study, including the parent strain without deletions and its mutants with one (ΔrelMsm) and double (ΔrelMsmΔrelZ) chromosomal deletions of the genes responsible for the synthesis of alarmone synthetase enzymes. Biofilms of mutant strains exhibited defects in biofilm formation. We have shown that the integrity, hydrophobicity, and the level of biomass of surface mycobacterial biofilms are dependent on the amount of glycopeptidolipids (GPL) in cells. The level of GPL depends on the activity of alarmone synthetases. The biogenic polyamine spermine is able to enhance the production of GPLs, restoring the integrity of biofilms of mutant strains. It is possible that this effect of spermine is caused by the influence on the activity of mycobacterial alarmone synthetases, which makes promising the further studying the molecular mechanisms of its action.
Virtual Screening of Human Serum Albumin Mutants to Optimize the Search for its Forms that Increase Affinity to Amyloid-Β Peptide
Authors: Deryusheva Evgenia , Machulin Andrey , Litus Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

A promising approach to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the removal of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the patient's central nervous system by acting on human serum albumin (HSA). HSA carries 90% of Aβ in blood serum and 40-90% of Aβ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CNS). In this work, virtual screening of all possible mutant forms of HSA based on the data of the I-Mutant service made it possible to predict changes in HSA stability and identify the most “sensitive” regions of its polypeptide chain to substitutions. The data obtained will be used to optimize the search for HSA forms with increased affinity to Aβ, as well as to study the mechanisms underlying the modulating effects of HSA ligands on its interaction with Aβ, which can become the basis for the development of new approaches to therapy and prevention of AD.
Enhancement of Technology in Pedagogy and Practice in Higher Education during Covid-19
Authors: Al Mahdi Zahra
Published: January 2023

The Spread of new forms of technology has inundated the learning System of the student at all levels, especially the higher education level. The efficacy of teaching students to keep pace with evolution without understanding how they will learn. This is the start of an endless journey. Students are always fascinated by digital gadgets and interact more when they find new things; this is one of the reasons integrating new technologies, and interactive tools is very important in this stage of the learning process.

Adopting technology in higher education is an innovation that does not cause any disruption to traditional learning mechanisms but rather contributes to the learning evolution. Higher education institutions face many challenges when adopting new technology to their pedagogical style and teaching method because of the growing student numbers and the application of these techniques and methods for students from Different categories and timing.

The flipped learning approach we adopted helped us start our Journey smoothly during the Covid 19 pandemic. In continuation to the approach that we adopted of giving students a different and fulfilling learning experience, Middle East College is working on improving the implementation of flipped learning redefined in the context of Online and blended learning.

During this phase, the main aim is to enhance the effectiveness of flipped learning in online teaching in delivering and planning synchronous and asynchronous

Activities. Also, it helps to improve the interaction of the students with the given materials.

This study focuses on enhancing technology in pedagogy and practice in higher education. Where will this study identify the staff member's technological needs and how learning was influenced?

In addition, it will highlight the mechanisms used to facilitate the collaboration and interactions between students and Faculties to improve the learning experience, inspire students to learn in an active environment, and encourage Learning Ownership for Lifelong learning.
A Blended Institutional Learning Approach for the Higher Education Sustainability
Authors: Samuel Sujin Issac
Published: January 2023

Blended learning approach create more multimodal learner centered learning environment that innovatively shape the instructors’ delivery and students’ learning. The study on the effects of deliberate practice on blended learning sustainability shows the feasible and practical approach for the students connected outside the classroom with cognitive engagement through the successful completion of courses and sharing of knowledge in their future career. This paper highlights the strategic dimensions for blended learning in Higher Education Institutions and the key competencies in Higher Education sustainability that are driven to the blended learning model. Skills, attributes, and competencies are important to determine the successful placement of university graduates. How the advanced technological based learning activity would help the students to acquire those competencies during their course duration has been discussed.
An Interactive Design Tool for Assessing Student understanding in Digital Environments
Authors: Shaik Asif Hussain , Prabhu Madhava , Hussain Shaik Mazhar , Poloju Kiran Kumar
Published: January 2023

Various e-tools and interactive media have improved and enhanced the teaching and learning in higher education. For example, flipped teaching pedagogy encourages the students to engage in the various in-class activities rather than just to be a passive learner by listening to the lectures. On the other hand, newly joined students have trouble understanding the key modules since they don't know the fundamental concepts related to the modules. This paper illustrates how online quiz creators and education tools might improve the student performance in academic setup. The online quiz creator has numerous styles, including photo quizzes, team quizzes, one-page quizzes, image quizzes, memory games, and match games for dynamic, energetic, and passionate student engagement. Students may self-assess their progress using ICT-based online quizzes. This platform assists with student engagement and learning to make them active learner. Students are greatly motivated by various learning styles and technology that suits them. This also has helped the students to avoid a random online tool and join a safe environment to enhance their learning. Supporting multiple learning styles is one of the techniques that should be implemented in every module delivery. The effectiveness of using these practices in teaching is measured through student feedback. Based on their responses, it is concluded that many benefits are found by adapting these practices, such as students' increased interest in their modules, improved understanding skills, and relational abilities.
Rhodium(III) Iodide Catalyzed Carboamination of Alkynes through C–N Bond Activation
Authors: Xu Tao , Li XinXin , Yang Qingxing , Zhang Yuna
Published: January 2023

Here, we report a RhI3-catalyzed intramolecular carboamination reaction to access polysubstituted indoles. The protocol features a broad substrate scope (>20 examples), good functional-group compatibility, and a low catalyst loading (5 mol% Rh). Good to excellent yields (up to 98%) were obtained. An unprecedented C–N bond-cleavage mode via a six-membered transition state σ-bond metathesis mechanism was proposed based on control experiments. A series of C3-allylated indole derivatives were accessed, proving that the system provides an alternative catalytic route to polysubstituted indoles.
Thecoperitoneal Shunts—Our 20 Years Experience
Authors: Arumalla Kirit , Mohammed Naseer , Bhat Dhananjaya I , Shukla Dhaval , Devi B. Indira
Published: January 2023

Introduction The thecoperitoneal shunt is a modality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion used to treat various clinical conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), and CSF leaks. There is a wide variability in the data regarding the utility and complications associated with it. We thus reviewed the outcomes and complications of the shunt done in our setting.

Methods The study is a retrospective review of all the thecoperitoneal shunts performed at NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences) from January 2000 to December 2020. The demographic details, clinical profile, indications for the shunt, magnetic resonance imaging, follow-up and complications, and shunt revisions were collected and analyzed.

Results Three-hundred twelve patients underwent shunt primarily at our institute. The mean follow-up of the patients was 5.2 years. The indications include pseudomeningocele in 31.4%, CSF leak from surgical site in 25.3%, IIH in 17.6%, and NPH in 7.3% patients.

The shunt was more effective in pseudomeningocele in up to 95% and CSF leaks in 91% compared to 64‰ in IIH, though it is not significant (p > 0.05). The complication rate was 17% that included shunt block, wound CSF leak, infection, and subdural hygromas. The shunt malfunction was seen in 14.69% patients who underwent revision.

Conclusion Thecoperitoneal shunt is a useful treatment option for various pathologies including IIH, NPH, and wound CSF leaks. They have good clinical outcomes and acceptable revision rates especially in conditions with slit ventricle. The complications such as low-pressure headache can be overcome by using adjuncts as programmable valve or antisiphon device.
Impact of hohlraum cooling on ignition metrics for inertial fusion implosions
Authors: Lindl John D. , Haan Steven W. , Landen Otto L.
Published: January 2023

This paper extends the evaluation of ignition metrics to include the impact of hohlraum cooling before peak implosion velocity in radiation driven implosions. First, we provide an extension of the results for the key hot spot stagnation quantities from the 2018 paper [Lindl et al., Phys Plasmas 25, 122704 (2018)]. The modified analytic expressions presented here match the Hydra results for these National Ignition Facility scale implosions both with and without hohlraum cooling before peak velocity if the effective ablation pressure Pabl(effective) = Pabl(tpv − 0.5 ns) is used in the analytic formulas, where tpv is the time of peak implosion velocity. Second, we provide an analysis that enables a comparison of the Hydra radiation hydrodynamics code calculations utilized here with the predictions of the analytic piston model [Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 012703 (2022)] of an ICF implosion, which focused on sensitivity to time duration of the hohlraum cooling phase before peak velocity (often called the “coast time”) and the shell radius at peak velocity Rpv. Third, we provide a set of ignition metrics that are valid across a wide range of capsule designs valid for implosions both with and without hohlraum cooling before peak implosion velocity is reached.
Domain wall chirality reversal by interfacial engineering in Pt/Co/Pt based perpendicularly magnetized systems
Authors: Maji Saikat , Mukhopadhyay Ankan , Kayal Soubhik , Anil Kumar P. S.
Published: January 2023

Heavy metal/ferromagnet interfaces in systems with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) hosts chiral Néel wall with the assistance of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI). We have investigated field induced domain wall motion in the creep regime to estimate the effective iDMI strength, Deff of sputter-deposited Ta/Pt/Co/Pt and Ta/Pt/Co/Au/Pt thin films that exhibit PMA. Two similar Pt/Co interfaces on either side of the Co layer in the Ta/Pt/Co/Pt system lead to a small Deff with a negative sign that supports the Néel type domain wall of right-handed chirality. Ultrathin Au layers of different thicknesses have been deposited at the top Co/Pt interface to introduce asymmetry around the Co layer and control the Deff. Here, two interfaces (Pt/Co and Au/Co) of opposite iDMI polarity have been chosen to invert the domain wall chirality to the left-handed chirality instead of the right-handed chirality found in the Ta/Pt/Co/Pt system.
Wave propagation in chiral stiffness metamaterials
Authors: Yu Xiao , Wang Lifeng , Wu Kun , Gao Yuqiang
Published: January 2023

The dynamic behavior of chiral stiffness metamaterials is studied in this work. The equivalent stiffness parameters of chiral structures with different characteristic angles are obtained by a finite element method. A periodic chain composed of chiral cells is equivalent to a coupled spring-mass chain, which is solved theoretically and numerically to validate wave mode conversion and splitting. Furthermore, a locally coupled resonant metamaterial chain based on different chiral structures and disks is established. The dual bandgap of a single oscillator is verified experimentally and by the finite element method. The special wave splitting phenomenon residing in a coupled resonance dispersion crossover is verified numerically. Therefore, chiral stiffness metamaterials have a reference value for the design of the particularity of wave propagation.
Developing compact tuning fork thermometers for sub-mK temperatures and high magnetic fields
Authors: Woods A. J. , Donald A. M. , Gazizulin R. , Collin E. , Steinke L.
Published: January 2023

There is a growing demand for experiments on calorimetric and thermal transport measurements at ultra-low temperatures below 1 mK and high magnetic fields up to 16 T. Particularly, milligram-sized solid samples are of great interest. We present the development of scalable thermometers based on quartz tuning fork resonators immersed in liquid 3He and adapt hydrodynamic models to provide an improved description of temperature dependence in the high viscosity regime between 1 and 10mK. We demonstrate successful thermometer operation and discuss the feasibility of fast and compact thermal probes suitable for small samples.
Research on performance predictions using single-hole film cooling based on PointNet
Authors: Zhi Ruyu , Li Zuobiao , Wen Fengbo , Su Liangjun , Wang Songtao
Published: January 2023

A PointNet-based data-driven neural network model is proposed, which takes the film hole geometry variables and flow conditions as inputs to reconstruct the adiabatic cooling effectiveness distribution. The model aims to realize rapid reconstruction of the film cooling effectiveness field under complex and variable working conditions with a more flexible data organizational form. The dataset is derived from numerical simulations of the jet under crossflow. Select unstructured grid nodes are used to form point clouds for network training. The PointNet architecture includes two modules to extract the global features of the input point cloud and calculate the adiabatic efficiency. The responsiveness of the model to different variables is evaluated from the effectiveness contours, centerline, and laterally averaged effectiveness plots. Furthermore, correlation analysis is used to evaluate the accuracy of model predictions. Over the entire dataset, the mean correlation coefficient is 0.99, indicating that the model has a satisfactory ability to reconstruct and predict the effectiveness field. The main contribution from the area around the film holes to the cooling effectiveness distribution is further confirmed via critical point analysis.
Numerical study of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of a flat interface driven by perturbed and reflected shock waves
Authors: Li Linfei , Jin Tai , Zou Liyong , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of a flat gas interface driven by perturbed and reflected shock waves is numerically investigated. The flat gas interface evolves into a “Λ”-shaped structure with a central N2 cavity and steps on both sides, due to the impaction of the perturbed shock wave. After the secondary collision of the reflected shock wave from the high-density region to the low-density region, the gas interface first undergoes phase inversion, and the “Λ” interface then evolves into a bubble and spike structure. Three cases of different Atwood numbers, N2/SF6, N2/Kr, and N2/CO2, are studied. The collision time and position of the reflected shock wave and the interface, the induced spikes, bubbles and gas mixing, are compared in detail. The formation of the spike and bubble is related to the RM instability developed by the collision of the reflected shock wave and the perturbed interface, in which the effect of baroclinic vorticity is highlighted. With the increase in the Atwood number, the density gradient and the baroclinic vorticity become larger, which induces more vortex along the interface. Kelvin Helmholtz unstable vortices are generated on the “legs” of the spikes due to shearing. The main spike structure is stretched and broken with the effect of the vortex, forming a turbulent mixing zone.
Exploring the delivery of phase II cardiac rehabilitation services in rural and remote Australia: a scoping review
Authors: Corones-Watkins Katina , Cooke Marie , Butland Michelle , McGuire Amanda
Published: January 2023

Objective Phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces cardiovascular risk factors, morbidity and mortality after a cardiac event. Traditional Australian CR programs are located in metropolitan areas and delivered by an expert, multidisciplinary team. Referral and uptake barriers for people living in rural and remote locations are significantly affected by geographical isolation. This scoping review aimed to explore how phase II CR services in rural and remote Australia are being delivered. Methods A scoping review was conducted to obtain all published literature relating to CR service delivery for people living in rural and remote Australia. A literature search of the following databases was performed in December 2021: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and PubMed. Results Six articles met the inclusion criteria. Study designs varied and included mixed methods, cross-sectional design and narrative review. Overall, literature relating to CR programs in rural and remote Australia was limited. Three themes were apparent: (1) barriers to the delivery of phase II CR in rural and remote Australia remain; (2) community centre‐based programs do not reach all people in rural and remote Australia; and (3) alternative models of CR are underutilised. Conclusions Phase II CR programs in rural and remote Australia do not align with current recommendations for service delivery. The use of technology as a primary or adjunct model of delivery to support people living in rural and remote Australia needs to be further developed and implemented. Further research exploring barriers to the uptake of alternative models of CR delivery is recommended.
Locomotion of bovine spermatozoa during the transition from individual cells to bundles
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Klingner Anke , Le Gars Yohan , Misra Sarthak , Magdanz Veronika , Khalil Islam S. M.
Published: January 2023

Various locomotion strategies employed by microorganisms are observed in complex biological environments. Spermatozoa assemble into bundles to improve their swimming efficiency compared to individual cells. However, the dynamic mechanisms for the formation of sperm bundles have not been fully characterized. In this study, we numerically and experimentally investigate the locomotion of spermatozoa during the transition from individual cells to bundles of two cells. Three consecutive dynamic behaviors are found across the course of the transition: hydrodynamic attraction/repulsion, alignment, and synchronization. The hydrodynamic attraction/repulsion depends on the relative orientation and distance between spermatozoa as well as their flagellar wave patterns and phase shift. Once the heads are attached, we find a stable equilibrium of the rotational hydrodynamics resulting in the alignment of the heads. The synchronization results from the combined influence of hydrodynamic and mechanical cell-to-cell interactions. Additionally, we find that the flagellar beat is regulated by the interactions during the bundle formation, whereby spermatozoa can synchronize their beats to enhance their swimming velocity.
prM-reactive antibodies reveal a role for partially mature virions in dengue virus pathogenesis
Authors: A. Dowd Kimberly , Sirohi Devika , D. Speer Scott , VanBlargan Laura A. , Chen Rita E. , Mukherjee Swati , Whitener Bradley M. , Govero Jennifer , Aleshnick Maya , Larman Bridget , Sukupolvi-Petty Soila , Sevvana Madhumati , Miller Andrew S. , Klose Thomas , Zheng Aihua , Koenig Scott , Kielian Margaret , Kuhn Richard J. , Diamond Michael S. , Pierson Theodore C.
Published: January 2023

Cleavage of the flavivirus premembrane (prM) structural protein during maturation can be inefficient. The contribution of partially mature flavivirus virions that retain uncleaved prM to pathogenesis during primary infection is unknown. To investigate this question, we characterized the functional properties of newly-generated dengue virus (DENV) prM-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in vitro and using a mouse model of DENV disease. Anti-prM mAbs neutralized DENV infection in a virion maturation state–dependent manner. Alanine scanning mutagenesis and cryoelectron microscopy of anti-prM mAbs in complex with immature DENV defined two modes of attachment to a single antigenic site. In vivo, passive transfer of intact anti-prM mAbs resulted in an antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. However, protection against DENV-induced lethality was observed when the transferred mAbs were genetically modified to inhibit their ability to interact with Fcγ receptors. These data establish that in addition to mature forms of the virus, partially mature infectious prM
+
virions can also contribute to pathogenesis during primary DENV infections.
On the robustness of inverse scattering for penetrable, homogeneous objects with complicated boundary
Authors: Borges Carlos , Rachh Manas , Greengard Leslie
Published: January 2023

The acoustic inverse obstacle scattering problem consists of determining the shape of a domain from measurements of the scattered far field due to some set of incident fields (probes). For a penetrable object with known sound speed, this can be accomplished by treating the boundary alone as an unknown curve. Alternatively, one can treat the entire object as unknown and use a more general volumetric representation, without making use of the known sound speed. Both lead to strongly nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problems for which recursive linearization provides a useful framework for numerical analysis. After extending our shape optimization approach developed earlier for impenetrable bodies, we carry out a systematic study of both methods and compare their performance on a variety of examples. Our findings indicate that the volumetric approach is more robust, even though the number of degrees of freedom is significantly larger. We conclude with a discussion of this phenomenon and potential directions for further research.
Imaging based on Compton scattering: model uncertainty and data-driven reconstruction methods
Authors: Gödeke Janek , Rigaud Gaël
Published: January 2023

The recent development of scintillation crystals combined with γ-rays sources opens the way to an imaging concept based on Compton scattering, namely Compton scattering tomography. The associated inverse problem rises many challenges: non-linearity, multiple order-scattering and high level of noise. Already studied in the literature, these challenges lead unavoidably to uncertainty of the forward model. This work proposes to study exact and approximated forward models and develops two data-driven reconstruction algorithms able to tackle the inexactness of the forward model. The first one is based on the projective method called regularized sequential subspace optimization (RESESOP). We consider here a finite dimensional restriction of the semi-discrete forward model and show its well-posedness and regularization properties. The second one considers the unsupervised learning method, deep image prior, inspired by the construction of the model uncertainty in RESESOP. The methods are validated on Monte-Carlo data.
Diagnosing the waveform of an ultrashort optical pulse by collinear interferometry
Authors: Deng Yimin , Cao Wei , Zeng Qi , Zhang Qingbin , Lu Peixiang
Published: January 2023

During the high-harmonic generation (HHG) process, information about field interaction with the medium is imprinted in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation. Here, we present a method for using HHG to diagnose the electric field of an optical pulse under a collinear geometry. When mixing a weak signal pulse with a strong driving pulse collinearly, the far field divergence of the XUV HHG is sensitive to the relative delay between the two pulses, which can be used as an ultrafast subcycle gate to reconstruct the electric field of the signal pulse. This collinear configuration is efficient, easy to operate and avoids artificial high order frequency components in reconstruction as compared to non-collinear schemes.
Tailored design and preparation of magnetic nanocomposite particles for the isolation of exosomes
Authors: Farsani Arezoo Mohammadian , Rahimi Fatemeh , Taebnia Nayere , Salimi Mahdieh , Arpanaei Ayyoob
Published: January 2023

Here, we prepared a magnetic nanocomposite system composed of a cluster of magnetite nanoparticles coated with silica shell (MSNPs) with an average diameter of 140 ± 20 nm and conjugated with CD9 antibody (AntiCD9) using different strategies including adsorption or chemical conjugation of antibody molecules to either aminated MSNPs (AMSNPs) or carboxylated MSNPs (CMSNPs). Then, MSNPs were employed to isolate exosomes from ultracentrifuge-enriched solution, PC3 cell-culture medium, or exosome-spiked simulated plasma samples. Quantitative tests using nanoparticle-tracking analysis confirmed antibody-covalently conjugated MSNPs, i.e. the AntiCD9-AMSNPs and AntiCD9-CMSNPs enabled >90% recovery of exosomes. Additionally, the exosomes isolated with AntiCD9-CMSNPs showed higher recovery efficiency compared to the AntiCD9-AMSNPs. For both nanoadsorbents, lower protein impurities amounts were obtained as compared to that of exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation and Exocib kit. The mean diameter assessment of the isolated exosomes indicates that particles isolated by using AntiCD9-AMSNPs and AntiCD9-CMSNPs have smaller sizes (136 ± 2.64 nm and 113 ± 11.53 nm, respectively) than those obtained by UC-enriched exosomes (140.9 ± 1.6 nm) and Exocib kit (167 ± 10.53 nm). Such promising results obtained in the isolation of exosomes recommend magnetic nanocomposite as an efficient tool for the simple and fast isolation of exosomes for diagnosis applications.
Global solutions to a haptotaxis system with a potentially degenerate diffusion tensor in two and three dimensions
Authors: Heihoff Frederic
Published: January 2023

We consider the potentially degenerate haptotaxis system

u
t

=
∇
⋅
(

D

∇
u
+
u
∇
⋅

D

)
−
χ
∇
⋅
(
u

D

∇
w
)
+
μ
u
(
1
−

u

r
−
1

)
,

w
t

=
−
u
w

in a smooth bounded domain

Ω
⊆

R

n

,

n
∈
{
2
,
3
}

, with a no-flux boundary condition, positive initial data u
0, w
0 and parameters χ > 0, µ > 0,

r
⩾
2

and

D

:

Ω
‾

→

R

n
×
n

,

D

positive semidefinite on

Ω
‾

. Our main result regarding the above system is the construction of weak solutions under fairly mild assumptions on

D

as well as the initial data, encompassing scenarios of degenerate diffusion in the first equation. As a step in this construction as well as a result of potential independent interest, we further construct classical solutions for the same system under a global positivity assumption for

D

, which ensures the full regularising influence of its associated diffusion operator. In both constructions, we naturally rely on the regularising properties of a sufficiently strong logistic source term in the first equation.
A novel cantenna based demonstration of frustrated total internal reflection as an analog for quantum tunnelling
Authors: Kolhe Neel , Shetty Sreyashi
Published: January 2023

We use a ‘Cantenna’ (portmanteau of ‘Can’ and ‘Antenna’), which is a unidirectional homemade waveguide, coupled to a standard readily available, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router as a source of microwaves to demonstrate Frustrated Total Internal reflection (FTIR) using paraffin-wax prisms. This largely inexpensive experiment provides an opportunity to demonstrate a process closely analogous to quantum tunnelling in an undergraduate physics lab. FTIR is often demonstrated with glass prisms and lasers, which may not allow for an intuitive understanding of evanescent waves and tunnelling. Wi-Fi signals with a wavelength of 12.5 cm, and large maneuverable prisms, allow the length of the ‘barrier’ to be changed in a tactile way where measurements could be taken with tools available in a standard physics lab.
Learning science and engineering with electronic spreadsheets cycle: a methodological proposal
Authors: Juárez Erika Cervantes , Guzmán Daniel Sánchez
Published: January 2023

In many science and engineering undergraduate programmes, physics courses are fundamental and can be seen as a potential place where students can develop complementary abilities such as the computational thinking process. The present work proposes and describes the learning science and engineering with electronic spreadsheets cycle (LSEESC) methodology to improve the learning of concepts in physics, science, and engineering, with the use of electronic spreadsheets as a digital and supported learning tool, promoting the understanding, critical thinking, and reasoning of physics in students based on activities such as the programming of all dynamical systems, describing mathematical evolution, generating and analysing graphics, and explaining physical phenomena with a high comprehension and transfer of knowledge to identify where the concept can be applied in their professional context using real-life examples or simulations. The proposed methodology can be implemented in different learning scenarios; that is, if the class uses computational devices or if the teacher exposes a specific topic in the classroom, physics and mathematics can be exposed to feedback from students in a comprehensible manner at any time during the instruction, after which a new sequence (cycle) based on previous results can be ejected and adapted. To describe the LSEESC methodology, we use the rigid body concept, which is one of the most general concepts in science and engineering and, integrates the majority of the fundamentals in mechanics, such as kinematics, forces, dynamics, and circular movement. This can be described as the concept of viewing all related equations and plotting the results with the relationships between all variables. The methodology uses simulations or real-life examples to reinforce the concept viewed, allowing students to see, in an integrated manner, how the same variables and concepts can be seen and interact in a real scenario for their professional context.
First results from third harmonic ion cyclotron acceleration of deuterium beams in EAST ion heating studies experiments
Authors: Zhu G. , Zhang W. , Zhang X. , Zhong G. , Qin C. , Liu L. , Yang H. , Liao L. , Cheng Y. , Mao Y. , Yuan S. , Wang Y. , Li H. , Luo J.
Published: January 2023

Recent Experimental Advanced Superconductivity Tokamak experiments have been dedicated to the studies of increasing ion temperature using Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) in synergy with radio-frequency waves in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRFs) in third harmonic. They showed that this scenario effectively accelerates fast deuterium ions and produces a larger tail of fast neutrons with E > 3.0 MeV, as measured by Neutron Energy Spectrum. Comparing to the scenario with 2.2 MW NBI alone, adding an addition of 0.3 MW ICRF power leads to an enhancement of fusion yield by 67% (from

0

.73
×
1

0

14

 n

s

−

1

to

1

.22
×
1

0

14

 n

s

−
1

) and an increase of core ion temperature by

Δ

T

i

∼
7

80 eV

. Besides, the simulation results of TRANSP show that the neutron yield produced by 0.2 MW ICRF in third harmonic with NBI synergy is roughly consistent with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the 80 keV fast ion tail generated by NBI can be heated up to 400 keV and 600 keV by the 0.2 MW and 1.0 MW ICRF with the synergistic effect, respectively. In addition, it is observed for the first time that this ICRF-NBI synergy leads to the excitation of fishbone instabilities with characteristic frequencies of (10–20) kHz. Furthermore, parameter scans of ICRF/NBI power and plasma density were performed for third harmonic ICRF and NBI synergetic heating schemes. It is found that the neutron yield increases nonlinearly as the ICRF power or plasma density increases.