bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A rare presentation of anthrax with sepsis: A case report
Authors: DÜLGER Mahmut , MURAT Kenan
Published: November 2018

Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. Although the incidence of the disease is decreasing in our country, it is still endemic in certain regions of the country. The cutaneous form of the disease is the most common clinical form, which is usually benign and rarely causes bacteriemia and sepsis. In this case report, a cutaneous anthrax case who had positive blood and wound cultures  and  were complicated  with sepsis are presented. A 39-years-old male patient living in Kars (Eastern Turkey) was admitted with systemic fever, chills,and a wound with swelling redness  on the right arm. In his medical history, the patient stated an insect (fly) bite three days ago and consequent development of a lesion on his right arm. He also stated that he had slaughtered a lamb 10 days ago by himself. On admission, the patient was detected to have a 2-3 cm centrally necrotic and peripherally edematous wound confined to the right forehand. There was also fever, hyperemia and general edema confined to right arm up to the shoulder level. With the preliminary diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax, the patient was hospitalized, and ampicillin-sulbactam therapy was started, but due to the progression of the lesion and clinical deterioration, the treatment was changed to piperacillin-tazobactam and clindamycin. The swab samples from the wound were sent to the laboratory and revealed Gram-positive sporulated bacilli and following blood cultures were also positive for growth. The agent pathogen was identified as B.anthracis by Gram stains from wound samples and blood cultures which was susceptible to penicillin. MLVA method with 25 loci was used for genotyping, and it was determined that the genotype in our case is GK43 that is located in the major cluster A and subset 3. On the tenth day of hospitalization due to the widespread and necrotic lesions on his arm , compartment syndrome had been occurred. Escharatomy had been established for the treatment of comparment syndrome. After three weeks of antibiotherapy, the patient has been discharged from the hospital with good health.As a conclusion, this case report reminds need of
high attention to the clinical course of
cutaneous anthrax in order to avoid severe complications such as sepsis.
PENYULUHAN ZAT ADIKTIF PADA MAKANAN DAN DAGUSIBU OBAT DI DESA BATU AMPA, KOTO TANGAH 50 KOTO
Authors: Husni Elidahanum , Kessi Septia Chandra
Published: November 2018

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk pengaplikasian ilmu mahasiswa yang telah didapatkan saat kuliah dan menggali potensi diri dalam bermasyarakat serta memecahkan suatu masalah yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat, terutama dibidang kesehatan. Metoda yang digunakan adalah survey dan observasi langsung kelapangan. Berdasarkan survey yang telah dilaksanakan terlebih dahulu, nagari Koto Tangah terdiri dari 6 jorong dengan potensi yang bermacam-macam. Di Jorong Koto Tangah, tambun ijuak dan seberang parit, dan batu tanyuah masyarakatnya lebih banyak bertani dan bekerja disawah, hal ini juga tergambar dari pemandangan daerahnya yang dipenuhi dengan pematang sawah. Jorong Piladang termasuk jorong yang sangat maju dan terluas dibandingkan jorong lainnya, masyarakat di jorong ini banyak yang mempunyai usaha perternakan ayam dan juga sebagai pedagang. Jorong Sungai Cubadak merupakan jorong yang menjadi pusat perhatian saya, karena setiap rumah di jorong ini, mempunyai aktifitas yang sama yakni mempunyai usaha membuat kerupuk dan menjadi pemasok kerupuk ke berbagai daerah, seperti ke Bukittinggi, Payakumbuh dan sekitarnya. Namun, disamping itu masyarakat seringkali tidak menyadari pentingnya kesehatan dan kebersihan. Masyarakat sangat terlena oleh pekerjaan atau kesibukkannya sehari-hari. Sehingga, saya sebagai mahasiswa dari jurusan farmasi yang bergerak dibidang kesehatan merasa bertanggung jawab untuk menyampaikan dan memberitahu informasi kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Dari kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan di nagari Koto Tangah, terlihat adanya warna-warna mencolok pada kerupuk hasil industri rumah tangga yang terkadang hanya dibiarkan saja tergeletak dijemur dijalanan yang penuh polusi. Oleh karena itu saya mempunyai program pengenalan zat tambahan berbahaya pada makanan (zat adiktif). Selanjutnya memberikan pengetahuan mengenai “Dagusibu” (Dapatkan, Gunakan, Simpan, Buang), agar masyarakat paham mengenai cara pengelolaan obat yang baik dan benar.
TRIMA DIA PAS DIPANDANG:TRICHODERMA DENGAN MEDIA AMPAS TEBU DICAMPUR DENGAN PUPUK KANDANG SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KENAGARIAN LAWANG, AGAM
Authors: Lina Eka Candra , Wahyuni Amalina , Wandira Trisna Ayu , Mirsal Apdi Masela , Fernandes S Ronauli
Published: November 2018

Nagari Lawang merupakan sebuah nagari di daerah Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat yang dikenal sebagai sentral tanaman tebu. Tanaman tebu yang telah diolah menjadi gula saka ataupun produk lainnya akan meghasilkan limbah berupa ampas tebu yang hanya digunakan untuk pembakaran serta dibuang begitu saja tanpa dimanfaatkan. Kegiatan bertujuan untuk transfer ilmu dan teknologi dari lingkungan perguruan tinggi kepada masyarakat terkait pemanfaatan limbah ampas tebu, mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan serta membuka peluang usaha bagi masyarakat setempat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan empat tahapan umum, yaitu sosialisasi pengenalan program, implementasi dilapangan, monitoring program, dan evaluasi. Implikasi dari hasil kegiatan ini yaitu pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengembangbiakkan jamur Trichoderma dengan media ampas tebu dan pengaplikasian jamur Trichoderma dengan pupuk kandang pada tanaman pertanian.
EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY, INVESTMENT DECISION ON COMPANY VALUE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANY LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Setiyorini Ayu Karnulis , Kartika Chandra
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas dan keputusan investasi terhadap nilai perusahaan. Return On Asset (ROA) digunakan sebagai proksi profitabilitas, Total Asset Growth (TAG) sebagai proksi keputusan investasi, dan  Price Book Value (PBV) sebagai proksi nilai perusahaan. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu menggunakan sampel dengan pertimbangan – pertimbangan tertentu , perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2017 – 2018. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 4 perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan trianggulasi yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas (ROA) dan keputusan investasi (TAG) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan (PBV).  Secara simultan, kedua variabel independen  tersebut  mempengaruhi variabel nilai perusahaan (PBV), namun nilai perusahaan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh social-faktor internal, nilai perusahaan juga dipengaruhi oleh social eksternal seperti tingkat suku bunga, tingkat inflasi, kurs mata uang dan situasi social politik.Kata Kunci: Nilai perusahaan (PBV), profitabilitas (ROA), keputusan investasi (TAG).
EARNINGS PER SHARE AND EARNINGS PER SHARE AND STOCK REMEDIES ON STOCK FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY COMPANY LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE DATE 31 MARCH 2017 FOR THE PERIOD 3 (THREE) MONTHS
Authors: Lestari Qurnia Putri , Kartika Chandra
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh earnings per share dan manajemen laba terhadap return saham pada perusahaan jasa keuangan milik BUMN yang terdaftar dibursa efek Indonesia pada tanggal 31 Maret 2017 untuk periode 3 (tiga) bulan. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu menggunakan sampel dengan pertimbangan – pertimbangan tertentu , perusahaan jasa keuangan yang menerbitkan laporan keuangan pada tanggal 31 maret untuk periode 3 (tiga) bulan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 4 perusahaan jasa keuangan milik BUMN. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil hipotesis 1, secara simultan EPS dan Manajemen Laba berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return Saham. Hipotesis 2  & 3 , Penelitian ini menghasilkan secara empiris, berlawanan secara  parsial tidak berpengaruh yang signifikan dari Manajemen Laba dan EPS terhadap Return saham.Kata Kunci: Earnings Per Share, Manajemen laba, Return saham
Quality and Relevance of Illustrations in Approved Primary School Textbooks
Authors: Kipsat Beatrice J. , Rotich Daniel Chebutuk , Omanga Duncan O
Published: November 2018

However, some approved primary school textbooks in Kenya might contain low quality and irrelevant illustrations that inhibit their use. This study sought to evaluate the quality and relevance of illustrations in approved textbooks in Uasin Gishu County in Kenya so as to recommend strategies for determining their preparation and production. The objectives of the study were to establish the criteria for determining the quality and relevance of illustrations, to determine factors contributing to the quality and relevance of illustrations, and to examine challenges faced while dealing with illustrations. The study was guided by the gatekeeping theory. The researchers adopted an exploratory survey design involving 191 respondents. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. The findings established that specific criteria for determining the quality and relevance of illustrations were lacking, and that expertise, time, technology, and printing materials were factors that contributed to the quality and relevance of illustrations. The results revealed that primary schools experienced user-related challenges, and that publishers experienced preparation and production challenges. Vetting and approving authorities' challenges emanated from the preparation of the illustrations. Important recommendations include that adequate criteria for determining the quality and relevance of illustrations be formulated by the vetting authorities, that the preparation and production of illustrations be given professional attention by the publishers, and that government support textbook development and involvement of subject teachers from all regions in the evaluation panels. The study has implications for decolonising teaching and learning.
Factors Influencing Access to and Usage of E-Resources at Nkumba University, Uganda
Authors: Bwalya Kelvin J. , Ssebbale Florence
Published: November 2018

Electronic resources (e-resources) are now generally perceived as powerful sources of information and are regarded as indispensable scholarly reference resources. With easy access, e-resources provide synthesised information sources with regularly updated information and hyperlinks to offsite contents providing the latest information and thinking on a subject. Aiming to explore the access and usage of e-resources at Nkumba University Library, Uganda, this study investigated the level of accessibility to and usage of subscribed e-resources by third-year undergraduate students. Understanding the level of access to and usage of e-resources is important because it gives pointers to the level of access that students have to contemporary knowledge in the learning and research processes. A positivist approach that hinged onto the modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model formed the theoretical basis of the study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, interviews and observations. The questionnaire return rate of 51 per cent, encompassing 110 individuals out of 216, was achieved. This research provides evidence and pointers that need to be considered when designing interventions to encourage the access to and usage of e-resources in contextually similar environments. The study proposes a conceptual framework that depicts factors cardinal in influencing access to and usage of e-resources especially in resource-constrained countries.
Access to and Use of Information and Communication Technology and Task Performance
Authors: Oyedipe Wuraola J. , Popoola Sunday O.
Published: November 2018

The study investigated the relationship between access to and use of information and communication technology and task performances of library personnel in public university libraries in South West Nigeria. The total enumeration technique was used to cover 330 library professionals working in public university libraries in the zone. A self-developed questionnaire was used to obtain data. Out of the 330 copies of questionnaire administered 248 (76.6%) copies were found useable. The findings revealed that the level of task performances of the respondents was high, and the level of access to ICT was high, while the frequency of ICT use was moderate. The results indicated that there was a positive relative effect of ICT access and use on task performances. The study also found a significant relationship between the access to ICT, ICT use and task performances of respondents, while there was a significant joint effect of access to ICT and ICT use on the task performances of library personnel. The study recommended the constant development of personnel regarding job knowledge and skills, the promotion of creativity and adaptability skills to enhance personnel task performances, while library managers should continue to make ICT tools accessible for library personnel to allow their use in improving the workflow in the library.
Global Flow Security: A New Security Agenda for the Transatlantic Community in 2030
Authors: Jumat Wayne Jayson-Lee
Published: November 2018

Book review
Is the International Criminal Court Unfairly Targeting Africa? Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean States
Authors: Benyera Everisto
Published: November 2018

Africa, Latin America and Caribbean countries share many common features including a history of colonisation, the ongoing fight against human rights abuses and the resultant pursuance of sustainable peace and justice. One of the tools at these countriesâ€™ disposal is the International Criminal Court (ICC) where these two blocks are experiencing different fortunes. Except for the Georgia case, all the other cases dealt with by the ICC were from Africa and the court is yet to open an investigation in Latin America and the Caribbean, a situation which allows for lessons for the latter to be drawn from the formerâ€™s relationship with the ICC. Using the decolonial perspective I argue that the targeting of Africa by the ICC is part of the colonial project which started with slavery and is now in the coloniality phase. The conclusion is that willingly or unwillingly, the way the ICC has treated Africa is tantamount to targeting. This perception can only be changed if the ICC successfully opened new cases elsewhere, especially in the west.
Cadre Deployment Policy and its Effects on Performance Management in South African Local Government: A Critical Review
Authors: Shava Elvin , Chamisa Shingirayi Florence
Published: November 2018

The change from a politically-sanctioned racial segregation opened support of another popularity based administration which was an overwhelming procedure at all levels. In South Africa, the positive policies to turnaround the economy of the country came along with cadre deployment policy which advocates for ANC party loyalists to occupy a prominent position in the public sector. This political patronage via state jobs leads to poor institutional quality or performance of the nation as a whole. Focusing on the significant association between the demands of economic growth and expansion, this paper assesses the effects of the cadre deployment policy against performance management in the public sector. It presents a proposed framework based on the control theories illustrating how cadre deployment and performance management can contribute to the current knowledge of the African academic and administrative environment. The article adopted an extensive review of literature which was premised on various document sources that inform cadre deployment, Auditor General Reports, Annual Reports and relevant literature on the subject. Results of this study showed that cadre deployment exacerbated corruption, poor procurement systems and wasteful expenditure and the deteriorating State of Local Government. Â The article calls for the review and the changes of the authoritative structure governing local municipalities in order to supplement Section (152) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The article further directs the ANC led government to revise the cadre deployment policy to combat the challenges of severe skills shortage and poor service delivery in various municipalities across the country as a result of nepotism, politicization and hiring unqualified labour.
Brothers in Arms: The Role of Broederbond Rectors in the Exercise of Hegemony at the University of Fort Hare, 1960â€“1981
Authors: Johnson Pamela
Published: November 2018

As members of the secret Afrikaner organisation, the Broederbond, two of the apartheid-era rectors at the University of Fort Hare were responsible for leading an institution that was supposed to spearhead the modernisation of ethnically defined homelands and their transition to independent states, whilst disseminating apartheid values among the black students. Based on unsorted and unarchived documents located in the personal files of the apartheid-era rectors, which included secret correspondence and memoranda of clandestine meetings, this paper illustrates the attempted exercise of hegemony by the apartheid state through its linked network with the university administration during the period 1960 to 1990. This is achieved by demonstrating the interaction between the state, Broederbond rectors and the black students at Fort Hare, who were subjected to persuasion and coercion as dictated by the stateâ€™s apartheid vision of a racially defined and separated society.
Reworking Job Satisfaction in a Contemporary Higher Education Institution
Authors: Mmako Mphoreng Magdeline
Published: November 2018

The academic profession in South Africa faces great uncertainties in terms of its future. Focusing on academicsâ€™ job satisfaction and finding effective items that impact on the level of job satisfaction is crucial. The main purpose of this research is to examine the effects of demographics on levels of satisfaction among academics in a contemporary higher education institution in South Africa. A quantitative design using a survey approach was adopted for this study. The Job Descriptive Index inventory (JDI) was used to measure seven dimensions of job satisfaction among academic staff. A two-section questionnaire was administered to a quota sample of 500 academic staff in a university in South Africa. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis (ANOVA). The findings indicated that academic staff were moderately satisfied with their jobs. However, the most significant job satisfaction factors that affected the level of academic job satisfaction were the physical work environment and promotional opportunities. The median group differences existed between responses based on age, gender, designation and years of service of the academic staff. Job satisfaction was also significantly associated with job-related factors such as relationships with colleagues, departmental management support, career opportunities and training, remuneration and the nature of the job. The findings of the current study may be used by managers in higher education institutions to improve the level of job satisfaction among academics in the sector, thus preventing further job dissatisfaction. The study provides evidence that job satisfaction could contribute to the success of the higher education sector. The study will be useful for university management in improving overall job satisfaction as it suggests some strategies for job satisfaction practices. The study also provides updated insights into the effects of demographics on levels of job satisfaction among academics in a contemporary higher education institution in the context of South Africa, thereby addressing a research gap in this subject.
The Impact of Sociocultural Factors on Studentsâ€™ ICT Information-Seeking Practices: Postgraduate Studentsâ€™ Perceptions at a Zimbabwean University
Authors: Ngwenya Bongani , Pelser Theuns
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of cultural differences on studentsâ€™ information-seeking, management and evaluation practices in an online information and communication technology (ICT) environment. The study was conducted at a Zimbabwean university on postgraduate students (male and female) (N=156), employing the questionnaire technique as data collection instrument. While there is a dearth of empirical studies on the use of ICT in Zimbabwe, the extant literature in this field shows a significant difference between the success and failure in the use of ICT sources for learning purposes among students in developing and developed countries. This study is premised on the proposition that â€œinformation seekingâ€ is socioculturally bounded and the successful use of online information sources is significantly linked to the studentsâ€™ perceptions of particular ICT platforms and how they are configured to facilitate specific information search outcomes. After the data collection process, the computer analysis software programme, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), was employed to obtain the cross-tabulations and chi-squared statistical tests. The main findings of the study show a statistically significant difference in studentsâ€™ information-seeking practices. The study identified the importance of studentsâ€™ cultural contexts in the successful use of ICT and concludes that cultural differences influence online information-seeking practices among students. The study recommends that the impact of cultural differences be considered when students are introduced to the use of ICT as an information-seeking tool and suggests that future studies, both qualitative and quantitative, be pursued to improve studentsâ€™ information-seeking practices to enhance their success.
Open and Distance Learning: An Unavoidable Pillar in the Building of a Knowledge Society
Authors: Appavoo Perienen
Published: November 2018

Knowledge societies can only be built when the education pillar is strong enough to support them. Open and distance learning (ODL) is revolutionising the ways learning takes place and emancipating educational practice from the confined walls of traditional classrooms to make learning accessible to anyone, anywhere and at any time. The pervasiveness of technology and the much acclaimed pedagogical worth it carries will undoubtedly shape the ODL learning paradigm in unprecedented ways. This research paper has looked into some key aspects of ODL in Mauritius and assessed its role as a vital pillar in the creation of a knowledge society. Using future thinking tools, a Futures Wheel was developed to portray the different trends and signals that will define the future of ODL in Mauritius. The findings of this paper show that Mauritius can offer high quality courses at affordable costs by maximising the tenets of technology.
The Role of Archives on the Incorporation of the Former Kangwane Homeland to Mpumalanga Province
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney
Published: November 2018

This study was conceptualised in order to assess the strategies used to incorporate the homeland of KaNgwane into Mpumalanga province after the cessation of apartheid in 1994. The specific objective of the study was to investigate the compliance of records and archives with the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act (Act No 43 of 1996), during the incorporation of the homeland of KaNgwane into Mpumalanga. The study adopted a qualitative methodology through document analysis, interviews and observations. The key findings revealed that the archives of the former homeland of Kangwane were not aligned with the requirements of the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa Act (Act No.43 of 1996.) Institutions seem to lack experience when it comes to the challenges of storing records and implementing arrangement and control systems. The frequent lack of a records management policy and few to no staff with record-keeping and archival backgrounds was also a concern. A shortage of space to store records safely was also one of the major issues that the study uncovered. There appears to be no concerted effort to retain important historical records. Many records are stored in several different locations in government buildings. I conclude that archives play an essential role to the nation as the institutional memory.
Revisiting the Division of Ownership in the Book of Joshua and Old Babylonia
Authors: Van Wyk Susandra J.
Published: November 2018

At first glance, the division and allocation of ownership portrayed in the book of Joshua and the legal corpora of Old Babylonia seem to be a general division with shared features. A class of co-owners agree to, or the original owner consents to, the division and allocation of shared property and may apply two of an array of elective practices, i.e., lot-casting and firstborn share. My focus shifts away from such a general classification. I will show that at least two types of divisionsâ€”the tribal division from Yahweh in the book of Joshua, and the family division from the estate of a deceased owner in Old Babyloniaâ€”do not exhibit a shared standardised pattern. Each division has its own requisites, a distinct raison dâ€™Ãªtre, and even the elective lot-casting and firstborn share practices hold different functions in the two types of divisions.
The Looting of Iraqi Cultural Property during the 2003 Invasion and Subsequent Occupation by the United States and Coalition Forces
Authors: Marston Jane
Published: November 2018

Despite exhaustive efforts by scholars, archaeologists, and national and international organisations the United States chose not to protect the National Museum of Iraq, but to send its troops to guard the Oil Ministry and oil fields instead. As a result, the National Museum was looted. No attempts were made to stop the looting; orders were specifically given not to do so. Looting at archaeological sites increased significantly during the invasion and in the lawlessness and chaos which characterised the occupation of Iraq. The United States forces as occupiers had an obligation to prevent the plunder and looting, but they failed to do so. Further, they participated in the destruction of some sites through military occupation and irresponsible construction. As a result, many sites were partially or completely destroyed, and parts of others have been rendered useless for further archaeological research. It necessarily follows that knowledge has been lost and humankind is the poorer for it.
Byssus with Embroidery, or Embroidery with Byssus?
Authors: Smith Anne Marie
Published: November 2018

In antiquity byssus was thought to be a fibre, which was used to manufacture very exclusive, lightweight fabric. As with so many things which fall into disuse, the origins of this material became somewhat of a mystery. The dictionaries consulted regarding the meaning of the word byssus state that it was probably a very fine type of linen. As a result of this I.M.Diakonoff in his in-depth article â€˜The Naval Power and Trade of Tyreâ€™ refers to the sails of the Phoenician ships in Ezekiel 27:7 as made of â€œbyssus with embroideryâ€. In this article the real source of byssus is investigated to come to a better understanding of what it was and whether it could possibly have served as material for sails on Phoenician ships.
In Vino Veritas? Drunkenness and Deceit in Micah and Isaiah: A Conversation with Richard J. Bautch
Authors: Mtshiselwa Ndikho
Published: November 2018

When viewed in light of the expression, In Vino Veritas, the notion of drunkenness and deceit in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the prophetic books of Micah and Isaiah, raises certain questions. First, is the phenomenon of In Vino Veritas present in Micah and Isaiah? Second, did Micah and Isaiah have in mind issues of unethical behaviour and social injustice in the allusions to drunkenness and deceit? This article examines the translation of Micah 2:11 to ascertain whether a reading that associates drunkenness and deceit with In Vino Veritas can be considered anachronistic. It also attempts to identify the addressees of Micah 2 in order to locate the text in its historical context. It argues that when read in relation to verses 6-11 and verses 1-5, Micah 2:11 expresses concern about unethical behaviour and social injustice. Unlike in the Micah text however, the probable interpretation of In Vino Veritas in the Old Babylonian sources could apply to Isaiah 28:7 mainly because Isaiah denounced prophets who prophesied under the influence of alcohol.
Indigenous Medical Plants: Of what Value to Primary Health Care in Rural Ghana?
Authors: Quan-Baffour Kofi P.
Published: November 2018

Ghana was colonised in 1482 when Europeans, accompanied by a number of missionaries, arrived at a small coastal town called Edina in the present day Central Region. Colonialism brought with it Western education, religious values, and medical care. The missionaries opened schools, clinics, and hospitals in several parts of the country but these facilities were not available in many remote areas. Before colonisation Ghanaians made medicines from plants to cure sicknesses and diseases. Although the missionaries and the colonisers regarded African medicine as fetish and attempted to annihilate itâ€”Ghanaiansâ€”especially those living in areas without hospital facilities, continued to rely on local medicines for curing illnesses. Medicinal plants such as the neem tree, lemon, moringa, ginger etc., are used as concoctions to alleviate the symptoms of malaria, headaches, boils, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stomach pains. When the government recently introduced primary health care, indigenous medicines became a de facto partner in health care delivery, particularly in the rural areas where hospitals and medical facilities are inadequate. This study employed qualitative methods to explore the value of indigenous medicinal plants in the countryâ€™s primary health care programme. The study found that indigenous medicine plays an important role in health care delivery because it is accessible and affordable. Even people who visit hospitals still use indigenous medicines side by side with the pharmaceutical drugs offered by medical practitioners.
Conduct Risk in South African Banks: Aligning Regulatory Compliance with Business Sustainability
Authors: Hargarter Antje , Van Vuuren Gary
Published: November 2018

Regulators have imposed heavy penalties on banks for conduct failures since the global financial crisis occurred in 2007/2008. Banks play an important role in the economy, and it is therefore in the interests of both the public and government that banks have an effective conduct-risk approach in place; one that complies with regulation and ensures business sustainability. Current conduct-risk approaches are inadequate, and literature is sparseâ€”especially regarding developing economies. The goal of this research was to explore ways in which banks can manage and mitigate conduct risk, while ensuring sustainability. The qualitative design of this study used South Africa as an example of a developing market; and it employed primary and secondary data. The analysis shows that banks have been focused on developing a suitable high-level strategy but have neglected the lower level (where employees and customers meet). Consequently, they have exposed themselves to conduct risk. Based on these findings, this article suggests that banksâ€™ strategies should be tackled in a top-down fashion, while they simultaneously pursue customer outcomes from the bottom-up. This study is crucial, as banks must prepare for new legislation, avoid fines, and strategically position themselves to satisfy clients and remain sustainable. Since the last self-assessment by the (then called) Financial Services Board in 2013, no formal assessment of conduct risk in the South African banking industry has taken place.
An Exploratory Study on the Gender-Based Differences in Entrepreneurial Intention and Its Antecedents amongst Students of a South African University of Technology
Authors: Ndofirepi Takawira Munyaradzi , Rambe Patient , Yao Dzansi Dennis
Published: November 2018

Although the prevailing gender-linked fissures in entrepreneurial activity are shrinking in African economies, a disturbing feature of the contemporary business start-up environment is that women persistently are less willing to engage in entrepreneurship compared to men. In addition, women focus more on low technology and service-oriented business activities, which yield relatively lower financial value than other economic sectors. Given the subtle but entrenched gender vulnerabilities and biases that constantly accompany student career decisions, the primary objective of this research was to establish whether gender influences studentsâ€™ intention to participate in entrepreneurship. Guided by a quantitative approach and survey research design, the study used a self-administered questionnaire to gather data from 130 undergraduate students, randomly selected from an entrepreneurship education class at a South African university of technology. The study applied the Mann-Whitney technique, a non-parametric test, to ascertain the existence of any significant gender-grounded disparities in the mean scores for entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences in entrepreneurial intention, perceived behavioural control and attitude towards entrepreneurship among students, with males scoring higher than females in these constructs. These findings emphasise the need for gender-sensitive approaches to devising and implementing entrepreneurship development and support measures among potential entrepreneurs.
Saving for Tomorrow: Does the Level of Financial Literacy in the South African Working Class Matter?
Authors: Matemane Matwale Reon
Published: November 2018

Financial literacy has been identified in previous studies as an area that has not been researched extensively in South Africa. This is particularly true for the working class of black South Africans, who have been previously disadvantaged and were excluded from the mainstream economy and financial services under the apartheid regime. Lower savings and over-indebtedness in this group can be attributed to lower levels of financial literacy. The aim of this study is to examine financial literacy of black South Africans with a commerce tertiary qualification working in Pretoria and Johannesburg, based on descriptive research and structured questionnaires. In total, 171 participants who work in different sectors of the economy and who live in Gauteng were surveyed. The study found that although people with a commerce tertiary qualification are more financially literate than those with non-commerce tertiary qualification, black South Africans nevertheless are less financially literate than their coloured, Indian and white counterparts. Additionally, financial literacy is a significant predictor of individualsâ€™ saving habits.
Stay With Me, by Ayòbámi Adébáyò
Authors: Alexander Josephine Olufunmilayo
Published: November 2018

Book Review
Carnal Knowledge: How Performance Criticism can Provide Insights into Biblical Women
Authors: Radosevic Tracy
Published: November 2018

Biblical Performance Criticism, among other things, relies on how a biblical story is embodied and, as a result, viscerally experienced by the performer as a means for gaining a better understanding of how to more fully comprehend and appreciate, and then potentially interpret with more accurate integrity, the biblical narratives. This process goes way beyond the left-brain intellect, permeating the very physiology of the teller in a way that provides a more multidimensional grasp of scripture, giving insights that perhaps could not be gleaned in any other way. This article, written by a woman, specifically focuses on how the stories of certain biblical women took on more profound meaning when embodied, experienced, and understood through the unique reality of females throughout the past few millennia.
The "Gutenberg Galaxy" and the Historical Study of the New Testament
Authors: Kelber Werner
Published: November 2018

The general thesis of this essay states that Gutenberg’s print revolution has been a constitutive factor in the formation of the modern scholarship of the Bible. Specifically, the essay explores the historical-critical study of the New Testament from the angle of the typographic medium. Gutenberg’s print Bible is explained as setting the standards for the technologically-organised typographic space . The bulk of the essay describes both the constructive and the deconstructive impact that the fully rationalised format of the Bible has had on theological, exegetical, and hermeneutical sensibilities. Among the issues illuminated by the typographic examination are: entirely identical biblical texts; a text-centred concept of Christian origins; the spread of a post-Gutenberg intellectualism; the rise of the critical, textual edition; the Protestant principle of sola scriptura ; the diminution of oral, memorial sensibilities; the premise of originality versus derivativeness, and many others. In all, it is argued that the print medium deeply affected the modern academic scholarship of the New Testament, for better and for worse.
“Can These Bones Live?” A Performance Criticism Study of Ezekiel 37:1–14
Authors: Boomershine Amelia C.
Published: November 2018

We live in a time when a paradigm shift is occurring from the study of the Bible as a series of texts read in silence by readers, to the study of the Bible as a set of compositions performed for audiences. Biblical performance criticism is the emerging paradigm. It begins by recognising the essential nature of the biblical tradition as oral events, where transformative meaning is created in the interplay of story, storyteller, telling, and audience. Experiential exegesis is a proposed new methodology for the study of particular compositions as performance literature. This approach to biblical study enables the re-creation of a meaningful resemblance of the original performance experience for a contemporary audience. In this article, the processes of experiential exegesis are applied to the story of the Dry Bones, recorded in Ezekiel 37:1-14. The study of the Dry Bones as a story performed for audiences reveals that the interaction between the storyteller and the audience occasions a transformation of despair into hope. Experiences of telling the story to a church congregation and to incarcerated women confirm the viability of performance criticism study to interpret biblical tradition such that, in the words of Walter Wink: "the past becomes alive and illumines our present with new possibilities for personal and social transformation."
Elderly Fathers in Russia after Divorce: Gender Differences in the Intergenerational Transfers
Authors: Tretyakova Ekaterina
Published: November 2018

Regarding the aging population, the question of care and financial support of the elderly becomes increasingly relevant. At the same time, the rise of divorce and separation becomes a very strong trend in modern society. Due to the absence of joint custody in Russia, the connection between fathers and children weakens after divorce and in this context the research question is: Do children help their elderly fathers after divorce, and what is the gender specificity in upward transfers after divorce? The object of this study is to examine the transfers that elderly Russian men and women receive from their children. This research is based on data from the “Comprehensive Monitoring of Living Conditions of the Population” conducted in Russia in 2014. The target sample consisted of 113 000 persons over 15 years old—37 787 of which were over retirement age. The survey covered all regions of the Russian Federation. The method used in this analysis is mainly descriptive statistics and correlation tables. According to the results there is a considerable gap between elderly men and women in getting help from their children due to weakened connections between children and their fathers after divorce. This problem can be solved by developing institutions of social protection, but unfortunately such institutions in Russia have not yet been sufficiently developed.
Family as the Main Caregivers during Child Delivery in Resource-Poor Settings of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Akpan Wilson
Published: November 2018

This article drew from a population-based survey of 413 women to determine the proportion of births assisted by the family in resource-poor areas of Nasarawa State. â€œResource-poor settingsâ€ was defined as rural communities without access to health facilities. This exploratory study utilised a two-stage cluster random sampling technique to select 413 houses where questionnaires were administered to women who had given birth in the five years preceding the study. Simple descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the study data. The analysis reveals gross inequality in access to skilled birth facilities during childbirth in Nasarawa State. Births at home were common in rural areas among women of low socio-economic status who were illiterate. In resource-poor settings (where health facilities were unavailable), the family played a substantial role in child delivery. Specifically, while doctors and nurses attended to about 90 per cent of all births in resource-rich settings (where health facilities are available), the family members took delivery of 51.5 per cent of all births in resource-poor settings. Family members or relatives delivered the majority of the births that took place at home (61.6%). The traditional birth attendants assisted only 11.5 per cent of births within resource-poor settings, compared to only two per cent within resource-rich settings. The findings emphasised that the role of the family in caregiving during childbirth is not limited to providing social capital and emotional support but they also act as key caregivers, especially in resource-poor settings.
Women, and Land and Property Rights in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Yesufu Sumaina , Nkomo Thobeka S.
Published: November 2018

The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions states that womenâ€™s rights to land and property are systematically denied, and that over one billion women worldwide have been affected by this trend. In Nigeria, although the constitution prohibits all forms of discrimination against women, land and property rights are still determined by the principle of male primogeniture. This paper discusses the consequences of gender discrimination on women and their households in relation to land and property rights. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study. Twenty women who constituted the sample participated in the semi-structured interviews. For the focus groups discussion, the researcher selected 10 of these participants, who were divided into two focus groups. The research tools were a semi-structured interview schedule and a focus group discussion guide. The researcher analysed the data generated using thematic content analysis. The prominent findings of this paper are that housing and food insecurity, the lack of access to matrimonial property, disinheritance, and poverty are among the consequences of gender discrimination on women and their households in relation to land and property rights.
"Do not Worry Your Head": The Impossibility of Indigenising Social Work Education and Practice in Africa
Authors: Osei-Hwedie Kwaku , Boateng Doris Akyere
Published: November 2018

As the discussions and debates rage on about the content and direction of social work in Africa, the challenges associated with weaning the profession off its Western and North American roots become apparent. The desire to indigenise or make the profession culturally relevant is well articulated in the literature. Some efforts have been undertaken toward achieving this desire. However, it is evident that despite the numerous discussions and publications, it appears that efforts at indigenising, localising, or making social work culturally relevant have not made much progress. While what must be achieved is somewhat clear; how to achieve it and by what process remain a conundrum. The article, therefore, revisits the issue of making social work culturally relevant in Africa and its associated challenges. Despite the indictment of current social work education and practice in Africa, it appears that many academics and professionals have accepted that what is Western is global, fashionable, and functional, if not perfect. Given this, perhaps, â€œwe should not worry our headsâ€ about changing it. Instead, social work educators and practitioners in Africa should go back to the drawing board to determine how current social work education and practice can be blended with a traditional African knowledge base, approaches and models to reflect and align with the critical principles and ideals within the African context. This is with the hope of making the profession more relevant to the needs of the people of Africa.
The Role of Public Participation viewed in the Context of adjudicating Socio-Economic Rights
Authors: Tshoose Itumeleng Clarence
Published: November 2018

This article examines how the courts have applied and interpreted the principles of public participation in the context of adjudicating socio-economic rights. In this light, this article adds to the contribution in tribute to Justice Ngcobo in the following ways. First, it examines the role of public participation viewed in the context of adjudicating socio-economic rights. Secondly, it reflects on the jurisprudence of the South African courts with regard to the application and interpretation of the principles of public participation in the course of adjudicating socio-economic rights. Thirdly, it examines the dynamics of public participation, and then revisits the strategies of achieving public participation.
Towards Republican Citizenship: A Reflection on the Jurisprudence of Former Chief Justice Sandile Ngcobo
Authors: Klaaren Jonathan
Published: November 2018

In modern scholarship, the analysis and use of the term â€˜citizenshipâ€™ takes many forms and engages many disciplines and intellectual traditions. Ngcobo CJ has been at the centre of a fundamental debate over the meaning of citizenship that has developed in South Africaâ€™s post-apartheid constitutional democracy. Drawing on previous research, the article briefly sketches what might be termed the republican tradition of democratic thought. It then provides an analysis of several significant cases in which Ngcobo CJ participated and the resolution of which he influenced. The article argues that consistent with and indeed constructive of an emerging republican tradition of democratic constitutionalism in South Africa, Ngcoboâ€™s jurisprudential contributions recognise and articulate the public-spiritedness that the Republic of South Africa demands of each of its citizens.
Computational and Synthetic Investigation of Cationic Rearrangement in the Putative Biosynthesis of Justicane Triterpenoids
Authors: Elkin Masha , Scruse Anthony , Turlik Aneta , Newhouse Timothy
Published: November 2018

A biomimetic cationic structural rearrangement of the oleanolic acid framework is reported for the gram-scale synthesis and structural reassignment of justicioside E aglycone. The mechanism of the putative biosynthetic rearrangement is investigated with kinetic, computational, and synthetic approaches. The precursor to rearrangement was accessed through two strategic advancements: (1) synthesis of a 1,3-diketone via oxidation of a β-silyl enone, and (2) diastereoselective 1,3-diketone reduction to form a syn-1,3-diol using SmI2 with PhSH as a key additive.
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Authors: Jinkings Caio
Published: November 2018

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