bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source locations of volcanic earthquakes using DAS and fiber optic cables: Azuma and Sakurajima volcanoes, Japan 
Authors: Nishimura Takeshi , Emoto Kentaro , Morisaku Fumiya , Nakahara Hisashi , Nakamichi Haruhisa , Miura Satoshi , Yamamoto Mare , Taguchi Kimiko , Hirose Takashi , Kozono Tomofumi
Published: May 2024

The DAS observation is quite useful to monitor the volcanic earthquakes and tremor at active volcanoes because fiber optic cables are not damaged by thunders and effused volcanic materials.  Also, highly dense distribution of measurement points along the fiber optic cable enables us to use correlation between observed waveforms to locate the volcanic earthquakes and tremor that are characterized with unclear P- and S-waves.  In the present study, we present some results of the source locations of volcanic earthquakes recorded by DAS at Azuma and Sakurajima volcanoes, Japan.  At Azuma volcano, Japan, we use the fiber optics cable deployed by the Ministry of Land and Transportation along the Bandai-Azuma sky road. The cables are set about 14 km long in a tube at a depth of about 50 m. The data are stored with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz and the channel spacing of 10 m in July 2019. Extending the source locations done in Nishimura et al. (SR 2021), we precisely locate the source locations of volcanic earthquakes using relative hypocenter determination algorithm using a reference event with a known location. We apply complex principal component analysis to measure the arrival time difference of the seismic signals at nearby channels along the fiber optic cables. As a result, we succeeded in locating about 50 events during the period of about 1 month when no hypocenters are determined by a permanent seismic network.  At Sakurajima, we analyze the explosion earthquakes that are associated with vulcanian eruptions in November-December 2022. We use the fiber optic cables of about 4.4 km length extending from the coast to the mountain area, and continuously recorded the seismic signals with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz and channel spacing of 4.8m. Measuring the arrival time differences of the initial phases to coda waves continuing for minutes, we calculate the back azimuth and slowness of the seismic waves. The results show that the seismic waves arrive from the active crater area with slowness of about 1 s/km for about 20 s at 1-2 Hz and 60 s at > 2Hz. These results imply that seismic waves continuously emitted from a shallow region beneath the active craters. Also, even during no eruptions, the volcanic tremors are sometimes generated from the active craters. Our observations at Azuma and Sakurajima volcanoes indicate usefulness of the DAS observations for locating the sources of volcanic earthquakes and tremor that are not precisely located by using the data recorded at network stations.
Rotation sensing with fibre optic technology
Authors: Igel Heiner , Bernauer Felix , Brotzer Andreas , Wassermann Joachim , Lindner Fabian , Vernon Frank
Published: May 2024

Fibre-optic gyros (FOG) allow measuring rotational ground motions and have recently been the method of choice for a first-generation broadband sensor for seismology. FOGs have a unity transfer function, are insensitive to translations and – combined with broadband seismometers – allow exploiting the power of six-degree-of-freedom processing (6 DoF) methods. This includes phase separation, backazimuth and phase velocity estimation as well as tilt-correction. Recently, a permanent 6 DoF system has been installed at the Pinon Flat Observatory, California. We report on the observation of local seismicity and the detection limit of a commercial FOG. Furthermore we present results on 6 DoF observations on volcanoes, the estimation of 1D velocity models based on 6 DoF noise observations, and applications in structural health monitoring. Finally, we discuss the current limits of portable rotation instrument, and the future potential of 6 DoF sensing when the sensitivity is improved.  
Diagnosing drivers of PM2.5 simulation biases in China from meteorology, chemical composition, and emission sources using an efficient machine learning method
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhang Mengyuan , Gao Yueqi , Wang Peng , Fu Qingyan , Zhang Hongliang
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used for air pollution modeling, which suffer from significant biases due to uncertainties in simplified parameterization, meteorological fields, and emission inventories. Accurate diagnosis of simulation biases is critical for the improvement of models, interpretation of results, and management of air quality, especially for the simulation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In this study, an efficient method with high speed and a low computational resource requirement based on the tree-based machine learning (ML) method, the light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), was designed to diagnose CTM simulation biases. The drivers of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model biases are compared to observations obtained by simulating PM2.5 concentrations from the perspectives of meteorology, chemical composition, and emission sources. The source-oriented CMAQ was used to diagnose the influences of different emission sources on PM2.5 biases. The model can capture the complex relationship between input variables and simulation bias well; meteorology, PM2.5 components, and source sectors can partially explain the simulation bias. The CMAQ model underestimates PM2.5 by −19.25 to −2.66 µg m−3 in 2019, especially in winter and spring and during high-PM2.5 events. Secondary organic components showed the largest contribution to the PM2.5 simulation bias for different regions and seasons (13.8 %–22.6 %) of all components. Relative humidity, cloud cover, and soil surface moisture were the main meteorological factors contributing to PM2.5 bias in the North China Plain, Pearl River Delta, and northwestern China, respectively. Primary and secondary inorganic components from residential sources showed the two largest contributions to this bias (12.05 % and 12.78 %), implying large uncertainties in this sector. The ML-based methods provide valuable complements to traditional-mechanism-based methods for model improvement, with high efficiency and low reliance on prior information.
An improved model for air–sea exchange of elemental mercury in MITgcm-ECCO v4-Hg: the role of surfactants and waves
Authors: Li Ling , Wu Peipei , Zhang Peng , Huang Shaojian , Zhang Yanxu
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The air–sea exchange of elemental mercury (Hg0) plays an important role in the global Hg cycle. Existing air–sea exchange models for Hg0 have not considered the impact of sea surfactants and wave breaking on the exchange velocity, leading to insufficient constraints on the flux of Hg0. In this study, we have improved the air–sea exchange model of Hg0 in the three-dimensional ocean transport model MITgcm by incorporating sea surfactants and wave breaking processes through parameterization utilizing the total organic carbon concentration and significant wave height data. The inclusion of these factors results in an increase of over twofold in the transfer velocity of Hg0 relative to the baseline model. Air–sea exchange flux is increased in mid- to high-latitude regions with high wind and wave breaking efficiency, while it is reduced by surfactant and concentration change at low latitudes with low wind speeds and nearshore areas with low wave heights. Compared with previous parameterizations, the updated model demonstrates a stronger dependence of Hg0 air–sea exchange velocity on wind speed. Our results also provide a theoretical explanation for the large variances in estimated transfer velocity between different schemes.
Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystems using a high-resolution global groundwater model
Authors: Otoo Nicole Gyakowah , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Schipper Aafke M. , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Global population growth, economic growth, and climate change have led to a decline in groundwater resources, which are essential for sustaining groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs). To understand their spatial and temporal dependency on groundwater, we developed a framework for mapping GDEs at a large scale, using results from a high-resolution global groundwater model. To evaluate the proposed framework, we focus on the Australian continent because of the abundance of groundwater depth observations and the presence of a GDE atlas. We first classify GDEs into three categories: aquatic (rivers and lakes), wetlands (inland wetlands), and terrestrial (phreatophyte) GDEs. We then define a set of rules for identifying these different ecosystems, which are based, among others, on groundwater levels, and groundwater discharge. We run the groundwater model in both steady state and transient mode (period of 1979–2019) and apply the set of rules to map the different types of GDEs using model outputs. For steady-state, GDEs are mapped based on presence or absence, and results are evaluated against the Australian GDE atlas using a hit rate, false alarm, and critical success index. Results show a hit rate above 80 % for each of the three GDE types. From transient runs, we analyse the changes in groundwater dependency between two time periods, 1979–1999 and 1999–2019 and observe a decline in the average number of months that GDEs depend on groundwater resources, pointing at an increasing threat to these ecosystems. The proposed framework and methodology provide a basis for analysing how global impacts of climate change and water use may affect GDEs extent and health.
A high-resolution perspective of extreme rainfall and river flow under extreme climate change in Southeast Asia
Authors: Hariadi Mugni Hadi , van der Schrier Gerard , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Sutanto Samuel J. , Sutanudjaja Edwin , Ratri Dian Nur , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Klein Tank Albert
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This article provides high-resolution information on the projected changes in annual extreme rainfall and high- and low-streamflow events over Southeast Asia under extreme climate change. The analysis was performed using the bias-corrected result of the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) multi-model experiment for the period 1971–2050. Eleven rainfall indices were calculated, along with streamflow simulation using the PCR-GLOBWB hydrological model. The historical period 1981–2010 and the near-future period 2021–2050 were considered for this analysis. Results indicate that, over former mainland Southeast Asia, Myanmar will face more challenges in the near future. The east coast of Myanmar will experience more extreme high-rainfall conditions, while northern Myanmar will have longer dry spells. Over the Indonesian maritime continent, Sumatra and Java will suffer from an increase in dry-spell length of up to 40 %, while the increase in extreme high rainfall will occur over Borneo and mountainous areas in Papua. Based on the streamflow analysis, the impact of climate change is more prominent in a low-flow event than in a high-flow event. The majority of rivers in the central Mekong catchment, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, and Java will experience more extreme low-flow events. More extreme dry conditions in the near future are also seen from the increasing probability of future low-flow occurrences, which reaches 101 % and 90 %, on average, over Sumatra and Java, respectively. In addition, based on our results over Java and Sumatra, we found that the changes in extreme high- and low-streamflow events are more pronounced in rivers with steep hydrographs (rivers where flash floods are easily triggered), while rivers with flat hydrographs have a higher risk in terms of the probability of low-flow change.
Swell Impacts on an Offshore Wind Farm in Stable Boundary Layer: Wake Flow and Energy Budget Analysis
Authors: Ning Xu , Bakhoday-Paskyabi Mostafa
Published: May 2024

Abstract. A parameterization of wave-induced stress is employed in an open-source large-eddy simulation code to investigate the swell impacts on the wake flow and the power output of a real offshore wind farm under a stable atmospheric boundary layer for the first time. The output module of the code is extended to include all source and sink terms of the kinetic energy equation. Two typical scenarios in the North Sea area with modest wind speeds and wind-following/opposing fast waves are considered. Results show that swells significantly affect the profiles of wind speed and turbulence intensity across the entire operational height of the wind turbines. Such influences are prominently observed in the inflow and progressively diminish in the wake flow downstream. Through kinetic energy budget analysis, we discover that the wave effects are primarily exerted through indirect modification of the advection of energy in streamwise and vertical dimensions instead of the direct wave-induced energy input/output. The wind shift and yawing adjustment caused by waves play a crucial role in the energy harvesting rate, depending on the specific inflow direction and wind farm layout. The absolute wave-induced changes in wind speed and turbulence intensity progressively decrease downstream, and the relative changes in total power production reach up to 20.0 %/−27.3 % for the wind-following/opposing wave scenarios respectively.
What Drives Nursing Students’ Social Media-Related Decisions in their Learning Practices? A Survey of an Ontario School of Nursing
Authors: Giroux Catherine , Moreau Katherine
Published: May 2024

Social media can provide a tool for nursing students to consolidate their formal and informal learning experiences. The objective of this study was to explore what drives nursing students’ decisions to use social media in their formal and informal learning. This study surveyed 220 nursing students at one Ontario School of Nursing. IBM SPSS (v. 24) was used to calculate frequency counts, Chi-Square Tests for Independence, and Spearman Correlations. A modified directed content analysis was conducted on the open-ended response data. Numerous drivers affect nursing students’ decisions to use social media for learning purposes. These include: 1) their nursing programs; 2) their professors’ attitudes towards social media; 3) their age and perceived levels of experience using social media; 4) the convenience of accessing learning content online; and 5) barriers like privacy, quality and reliability of social media-based learning content, and the potential for distraction. As a result of these findings, there is a strong rationale to further explore the ways in which social media can be used in both formal and informal nursing education.
The Choice is Theirs: Students Achieve Positive Outcomes when Offered Flexibility in Course Assessment Options
Authors: Coulter Sawyer E , Coyne Paige , Andrews Dave M.
Published: May 2024

Research suggests that learning and performance can be promoted when students are given choice over aspects of course design and assessment. This study examined student performance (i.e., grades achieved) as a function of their choice of assessment weighting options and group membership in a senior undergraduate course. A group (N = 109) of upper-year undergraduate students were asked, at the start of term, to select one of nine weighting options for individual and group assessments, and the size of their groups (1 to 5 members). Overall, 85% of students opted for a different assessment weighting option than what the instructor would have provided. Mean grades were significantly greater (~12%) for groups of four and five members compared to those students who conducted the group assessments on their own. In addition, 80% of students demonstrated that they correctly perceived their academic strengths by achieving higher grades on the assessment type to which they allocated the most weight. Allowing students some choice over how assessments are weighted is a relatively simple way of enriching their higher education experience. It is hoped that the positive results of this research will encourage instructors to utilize and implement flexible assessment options in their courses.
The Effects of Virtual Lab Delivery on Motivation, Learning, and Academic Success
Authors: Dancey Erin , Williams-Bell Michael
Published: May 2024

In March 2020, a significant amount of education moved online because of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Due to these restrictions, Durham College offered an alternative online synchronous option (virtual lab delivery) in September 2021 and students were given an option to select their preferred lab option for one course, Fitness Assessment 1. While online delivery has advantages (accessibility, convenience, and reduced costs), student success requires elevated levels of motivation and the capacity to self-direct learning. It is important to ensure the quality of online synchronous delivery in post-secondary education and investigate how a virtual lab option (online synchronous delivery) impacts self-directed learning (SDL), motivation, self-regulated learning (SRL), and academic success. Students were recruited from the virtual lab group (n = 13) and the in-person lab group (n = 10) and completed questionnaires at baseline (week 1) and following the course (week 14). The effect of SRL and motivation was measured by the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and the effects of SDL was measured by the Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). This study also investigated the impact of delivery method on academic success (as measured by final calculated grade). Both delivery groups scored >150 on the SDLRS at both timepoints indicating a high readiness for self-directed learning. There was a significant effect of delivery method for the overall MSLQ score (p = 0.009) as well as the MSLQ learning domain (p = 0.005) with higher scores achieved by the virtual learning group. There was a trend towards higher final calculated grade for the in-person delivery group (84.3%) as compared to the virtual group (80.1%). These findings suggest that the students who selected the virtual learning option possessed a greater capacity to self-regulate their learning process using metacognitive and behavioral strategies. This has implications for post-secondary education design and implementation as certain predispositions may make some students more likely to engage in self-directed learning and students may require differential educational approaches based on these differences.
Effect of Heat-Treatment and Shot Peening on Low Stress Abrasion Wear Behaviour of Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Dushyant Singh  , A.C. Saxena
Published: May 2024

The soil working components of agricultural machinery faces serious problem of abrasive wear. The study was conducted to investigate synergic effect of heat-treatment and shot-peening on medium carbon steel with small percentage of Boron (50B50 steel). Three heat treatment cycles (annealing, inter critical annealing, quenching and tempering) were done to obtain different material property combinations. Shot peening was done at different intensities (0.17A to 0.47A) on heat-treated specimens. Low stress abrasion wear behaviour of these steel specimens was investigated by rubber wheel dry sand abrasion tester confirming to ASTM G-65 standards. The results indicated that shot peening operation decreased the wear rate of soft as well as hard surfaces and improved the wear resistance when the peening intensity was restricted to a critical value of 0.37A.
Inter-Relationship Between Cooking Time and Some Physico Chemical Characteristics in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Genotypes
Authors: Shruti Sethi  , D.V.K. Samuel  , Krishan Lal
Published: May 2024

Thirteen genotypes of pigeon pea were evaluated for their physical and physico-chemical characteristics, namely, seed size, seed volume, seed density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity, swelling index and cooking time. Cooking time of whole pigeon pea pulse ranged between 51 and 63 min indicating a large variation. However, the cooking time of pigeon pea dhal ranged between 19 and 31 min. Correlation coefficients between seed weight and hydration capacity (0.77), seed volume and seed weight (-0.86) and that of swelling capacity and swelling index (0.90) were found to be significant at I% level. Alinear regression model was also fitted between the cooking time of whole pulse and other parameters under study. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) was observed as 81%. These inter-relationships amongst variables enable to predict the cooking time of whole pulse for a large number of pigeon pea genotypes.
Optimization of Energy Inputs for Wheat Cultivation in Punjab Using Data Envelopment Analysis Technique
Authors: Seyed Mehdi Nassiri  , Surendra Singh
Published: May 2024

Production function is used for optimizing purposes. Such functions are established by parametric or non-parametric approaches. In this study non-parametric method i.e. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to optimize the applied energy in wheat production system in Punjab. Two basic DEA models i.e. input-oriented CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) and BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) models were subjected on operation-wise and sourcewise energy inputs. BCC model could classify the inefficient farmers to different categories of returns-to-scale (RTS), namely, increasing, decreasing and constant. Results revealed that the yield was mostly dependent upon tillage, irrigation and sowing, respectively, with the mean share of 23, 21.6 and 17.4% for CCR efficient farmers and 26.4, 19.2 and 18% for BCC efficient farmers in all zones. Also the yield was sensitive to human, diesel and seed energy sources with mean shares of32, 18 and 18.6% for CCR efficient farmers and 37, 23.6 and 12.4% for BCC, respectively. Weeding and fertilizer application used energy in excess by 46% and 31.3% for CCR inefficient farmers and by 34% and 29% for BCC, respectively. Electricity and machinery possessed the highest use among all energy sources. It was 43.8% and 21.7 % for CCR inefficient farmers and 33.6% and 15.5% for BCC ones, respectively. Trend of excessive use of energy was the same for both the models
Performance Evaluation of Injection Wells for Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Arvind Kumar  , H. C. Joshi  , Pramod Kumar
Published: May 2024

The study was conducted to determine the performance of injection wells for groundwater recharge using surface runoff with respect to its groundwater recharging potential and impact on groundwater quality. The mean recharge rates of21.2 m3day' and 8.0 m3d-1were observed for injection wells installed below water table (saturated zone) and above water table (vadose zone), respectively. The results indicated that recharge rates increased with increase in recharge head and the incremental increase (increase in injection rate per meter increase in recharge head) was 20 m3d-'m-1 and 8.66 m3d-1m-1 for the well installed in the saturated and the vadose zone, respectively. It was also found that injection rate was more for the well constructed in the saturated zone than the injection well installed in the vadose zone since soil formation of the former had higher proportion of coarse sand mixed with gravel. The laboratory analysis of pre and post recharge groundwater samples has shown considerable change in chemical and biological qualities. The EC and pH values decreased for both the cases. The Na and K concentrations in groundwater increased after recharge at vadose zone recharge site. Similarly, Most Probable Number (MPN /1 00 m!) and Chemical  Oxygen Demand (COD) for saturated and vadose zone recharge sites were found to be 26,65 and 110 and 175 ppm respectively whereas for pre recharge water samples corresponding values were 0 and 10.
Optimization of Irrigation for Potato with Microsprinkler Irrigation System
Authors: Satyendra Kumar  , Rajbir Singh  , D.D. Nangare  , R.K. Gupta
Published: May 2024

Water application for agriculture in semi-arid areas should be limited because of scare resources. An effort was made at Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology, Abohar to determine the optimal water allocation to potato crop with micro sprinkler irrigation system. In this study, crop production and cost functions for potato were derived from field data and analyzed for determination of amount of water required to attain the maximum yield potential and profit. Results of the study indicated higher yield at 14 (1.2 Ep) irrigation level, whereas water use efficiency was found to be maximum at 13 (1.0 Ep). Derived relationship revealed that 280 mm of water (average value of two years) is required to get maximum potato yield with microsprinkler irrigation system under semi arid environment. Further, present study clearly indicated that reduction in water application from 280 mm (water level for maximum yield) to 247 mm (water level for maximum profit) increased net profit by 7%. When land is not a constraint, the saved water could be used to bring 12% more area under irrigation with micro sprinkler irrigation system to enhance the farmer's income.
Evaluation of Fertilizer Applicator for Direct Seeding
Authors: ISRP Sarma
Published: May 2024

Seeding with simultaneous application of fertilizer is highly productive and efficient in enhancing fertilizer use efficiency in rice. The present study aimed to develop' a fertilizer applicator as an attachment to the drum seeder. The modified drum seeder with fertilizer applicator consisted of a rotor having cups, which can deliver 46 kg N/ha in total. The fertilizer box is fixed in between the two drums of the row seeder. At a time 4 rows ot-sprouted seed could be sown. This unit could be used for basal and second split of urea application, where as the third split is done by usual way of broadcasting. The fertilizer applicator was evaluated during rabi 05-06 and kharif 05-06. The treatments included: direct seeding with row seeder, with fertilizer applicator and with out N taken as control. Fertilizer use efficiency of 15.15 and 21.5 kg grain per kg of N (Agronomical efficiency of N) was obtained for row seeder and fertilizer applicator respectively after deducting zero N yield. Similarly, for Rabi, these corresponding figures were 18.96 and 27.12 kg grain per kg of N. The percentage increase of fertilizer use efficiency in case of Kharifand Rabi works out to be 41.57 and 43.15 respectively using fertilizer applicator.
Noise Attenuation Characteristics of Exhaust Mufflers with Medium Size Farm Tractors
Authors: M. Muthamil Selvan  , C. R. Mehta
Published: May 2024

Three mufflers viz., muffler A, muffler B and muffler C were evaluated for their noise reduction ability on two tractors of 23 kW pto power. The noise levels of the tractors were measured at operator's ear level at no load under laboratory condition, at no load on tar road during transport mode and during ploughing operation. The spectral analysis (one octave band) of noise levels was carried out in the frequency range from 31.5 to 16000 Hz. The noise levels increased at no load (under laboratory condition and at no load on tar road) at all the frequencies with the increase in engine speed. The highest noise level of the tractors at rated engine speed was observed at the frequency of 1 kHz with muffler A, muffler B, and existing muffler; and at 2 kHz with muffler C at no load under laboratory condition. The exhaust back-pressure increased with increase in engine speed at no load under laboratory condition for all the mufflers. The mounting of muffler B reduced noise levels by 4.1, 5.7 and 5.6 dB (A) on tractor-I and by 1.1, 1.4 and 4.0 dB(A) on tractor-II at 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz frequencies, respectively as compared to the existing mufflers. It may be concluded that muffler B reduced noise levels considerably on both the tractors in conversational frequencies.
Runoff Prediction by Linear Discrete Input-output Model
Authors: Pravendra Kumar  , J. K. Singh  , S. B. Singh
Published: May 2024

A mathematical model incorporating discrete linear input-output approach for Karkara watershed of Tilaiya dam catchment in Upper Damodar Valley of Jharkhand State of India was developed for estimating direct runoff hydrographs on storm basis. In this model, the rainfall data in blocks of finite duration are represented by the unit-step function. The direct runoff hydrograph ordinates are obtained directly as the inverse Laplace transform of the product of Laplace transform of the input and the transfer function (i.e. Laplace transform of instantaneous unit hydrograph) of the system. The parameters of the model were estimated by the methods of cumulants and moments using rainfall and runoff data of the watershed. The performance of the model was tested by comparing the computed direct runoff hydrographs with the observed runoff hydrographs. The model was calibrated for nine storm events and validated for three storm events. Performance evaluation indices indicated that the lag and route model worked well for the study area.
Response of Banana to Drip Irrigation and Mulching in Coastal Orissa
Authors: J. C. Paul  , J. N. Mishra  , P. L. Pradhan
Published: May 2024

Field experiments were conducted on loamy sand soil in coastal Orissa for two consecutive years (2006-08) to evaluate the economic feasibility of drip irrigation with black LLDPE mulch in banana crop. The net average seasonal water requirement of the crop was estimated to be 997 mm. The effect of three irrigation levels viz. net irrigation volume (V), 0.8 V and 0.6 V with drip in conjunction with black LLDPE mulch were studied on biometnc and yield response of banana crop. The results of ring basin surface irrigation either alone or in conjunction with black LLDPE mulch were compared with drip irrigation. The study indicated better plant growth, early flowering, more number of fingers and enhancement in the yield under drip irrigation with plastic mulch. The highest yield (70.97 t/ha) was recorded under 0.8 V drip irrigation with mulch as compared to other treatments. An increase of 33 7% in yield, 49 % in net seasonal income and highest benefit-cost ratio (2.24) were recorded in case of 0.8 V drip irrigation with mulch as compared to conventional ring basin irrigation. Mulch alone could increase the yield by 7% even in the absence of drip. The water requirement and seasonal cost of cultivation of the 2nd year banana crop (1st ratoon) was also less than the 1st year banana crop (fresh crop), because the suckers of ratoon crop was allowed 3 to 4 months along with the main crop in the field. Hence, there was a net saving of 4 months after harvest of the ratoon crop.
Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Osmo-Convectively Dried Aonla Fruit
Authors: Md. Shafiq Alam  , Amarjit Singh
Published: May 2024

The equilibrium moisture contents were determined for un-osmosed and pre-osmosed (salt osmosed and sugar osmosed) whole pricked aonla fruit using the static method at 25, 40, 50, 60 and 70° Cover a range of relative humidities from 20 to 90%. The sorption capacity of aonla decreased with an increase in temperature at constant water activity. The sorption isotherms exhibited the phenomenon of hysteresis, in which the equilibrium moisture content was higher at a particular equilibrium relative humidity for desorption curve than for adsorption. The hysteresis effect was more pertinent for un-osmosed and salt osmosed samples in comparison to sugar osmosed samples. The goodness of fit for three parameter sorption models to experimental data was determined. Four models namely the modified Chung Pfost, modified Halsey, modified Henderson and modified Exponential, were evaluated to determine the best fit for the experimental data. For both adsorption and desorption process of aonla fruit, the equilibrium moisture content of un-osmosed and salt osmosed aonla samples can be predicted well by modified Exponential model whereas, modified Halsey model showed good predictive accuracy for sugar osmosed aonla samples.
Influence of Milling and Aging on Cooking properties of Indigenous Aromatic Rice
Authors: Kalpana Rayagurul  , J. P Pandey
Published: May 2024

Freshly harvested rice grains exhibit poor milling and cooking characteristics and the desirable properties are acquired during the short maturation period (aging). Experiments were conducted with indigenous variety of aromatic rice, Chinikamini, to study the effects of degree of milling (under milled, well milled and over milled) and aging (0 to 180 days) on quality aspects of aromatic paddy and milled rice. With the progress of aging, milling yield remained 72.19% ((+0.5%), while the head rice recovery increased from 66.29% (freshly harvested) up to 68.4 % after 180 days of aging. The kernel elongation ratio and volume expansion ratio increased while solid loss, alkali digestion score and gel consistency values decreased. The amylose content remained constant with aging. but the hot water insoluble fraction of amylose increased. The rate of improvement in the cooking properties was faster during the initial 3 to 4 months of aging, thereafter the rate decreased. The effect of degree cf milling on quality changes during aging was significant, and reflected more in well milled rice than that in under milled rice. The degree of milling more than 10% (over milled) did not influence these results much. Paddy samples behaved distinctly intermediate between under milled and well milled samples. The study concluded that hot water insoluble amylose content may be a major determinant of cooked rice properties as it showed higher correlation coefficient (>0.95). However, kernel elongation ratio may be the next appropriate parameter to be used as an aging index.
Isometric Cranking and Steering Strength of Agricultural Workers in Central India
Authors: K. N. Agrawal  , P. S. Tiwari  , L. P. Gite  , Sachin Pharade  , J. Majumdar  , V. Bushanababu
Published: May 2024

Hand cranking is the most common method of transferring power from human muscles to many stationery farm machines. On the other hand, steering torque is required for controlling tractors and other selfpropelled machines. A study was carried out to collect isometric cranking and steering strength on male as well as female agricultural workers in Madhya Pradesh. A strength measurement set-up developed at CIAE, Bhopal was used for the purpose. The mean age, stature and weight of 944 male workers were 29.8 ± 9.5 years, 1649 ± 59 mm and 51.2 ± 6.4 kg, respectively whereas the corresponding values for 757 female workers were 33.7 ± 8.2 years, 1519 ± 54 mm and 45.0 ± 7.3 kg. The mean values for isometric cranking strength in standing posture at a crank length of 265 mm by preferred hand and both hand operation were 44.1± 9.1 N.m and 50.6 ± 10.2 N.m, respectively for male workers and 31.9 ± 8.6 N.m and 37.3 ± 10.4 N.m, respectively for female workers. The mean values of steering strength in sitting posture with a steering wheel of 420 mm diameter at 700 from horizontal were 64.0± 18.8 and 40.5 ± 10.0 N.m for male and female workers, respectively. The isometric cranking and steering strengths of male workers were higher than those of female workers (p<0.001). The 5th percentile cranking strength values for preferred hand and both hands were 29.2 and 33.8 N.m, respectively for male workers and 17.7 and 20.1 N.m, respectively for female workers. The 5th percentile steering strength was 33.1 and 24.0 N.m for male and female workers respectively. For continuous operation of hand crank operated machines, the cranking effort required for operation should not exceed 30% of the maximum static cranking strength by both hands. The maximum effort requirement for steering wheel (420 mm diameter) by male workers should not exceed 19.86 N-m.
Harvesting of Bajra (Pearl millet) Cobs by Farm Women of Haryana - An Ergonomic Study
Authors: S. Gandhi  , M. Dilbaghi  , Bimla
Published: May 2024

In rain fed areas of Haryana, farmers do harvesting of bajra (pearl millet) by cutting its ear heads first from standing crop, followed by cutting of remaining plant later being used as animal fodder for longer duration. These cobs are then collected in a bag hanging on their shoulders and back that causes undue stress on the worker. This activity is primarily performed by farm women which is one of the tedious activities where she adopts unnatural body postures. Field experiment was conducted for 30 minutes on a sample of 30 farm women respondents. On an average, 24 kg of bajra cobs were cut observing average working heart rate of 118 bpm over the resting heart rate (80 bpm) consuming 10 kJ/min of energy and assessing 58 bpm as physiological cost of work. There was 47.5% increase in physiological stress on the women making the bajra cobs cutting a moderately heavy activity. Women reported maximum discomfort at fingers, shoulder joints, upper back, mid back and upper arms. There is a need of intervention of appropriate technology viz. improved sickle and pick bag to the farm women, which would be helpful to carry out the bajra cobs harvesting with lesser drudgery and increased output.
Effect of Individual Shrink Wrapping on Spoilage and Quality of Peaches during Storage
Authors: Dinesh Singh  , Gautam Mondal  , R. R. Sharma
Published: May 2024

Effect of individual heat shrink wrapping of peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) were studied using heat shrinkable 50 μ LDPE and 20 μ LLDPE film to enhance the shelf life in cool chamber (5 ± 1°C, 90 – 95% RH). The minimum physiological loss in weight (PLW) was 0.65% in 50μ LDPE and 0.7% in 20μ LLDPE. The PLW drastically reduced as compared to control (45.26%) after 42 days of storage. The spoilage of fruits was 7% in 20μ LLDPE wrapped fruits. No fruit decay was found in unwrapped samples, but all the fruits shrivelled after 14 days of storage. The firmness of the fruits was better in 20μ LLDPE as compared to control. The colour of the fruits changed from greenish-yellow to yellowish–red, with corresponding rise of a, b and Yi value, and decreased L value. The total soluble solids increased and the titrable acidity decreased in all the treatments during storage. It may be concluded that the shelf life of the fruits in cool chamber may be extended up to 42 days by individual heat shrink wrapping with 20μ LLDPE film after post harvest treatment with carbendazim (500 ppm).
Irrigation Water Quality and Crop Yield Relationship Established for Kaithal Irrigation Circle of Bhakra System
Authors: Ravish Chandra  , N. K. Tyagi  , R. Sakthivadivel
Published: May 2024

Salinity is one of the major problems of irrigated agriculture all over the world. More than 60 % of the land is underlain by saline ground water in North West India. The knowledge of relationship between irrigation water quality (EC) and crop yield is essential for management of surface water and ground water for higher profitability. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the irrigation water quality and wheat yield relationship for Kaithal irrigation circle of Bhakra canal command. Information on EC, agronomic practices, crop yield etc. were collected from 108 farms comprising 36 farms each from head, middle and tail watercourses of Batta minor. The presence of different quality of ground water creates large variation in crop yield. To establish a relationship between irrigation water quality and crop yield of wheat, several types of functions were tried and form of relationship generating highest correlation coefficient was selected as most appropriate relationship. The polynomial equation of fifth order was most suitable for irrigation water quality and crop yield relationship. This relationship can be used for estimating wheat yield with different quality of water. The groundwater of the tail reaches being saline in nature was about 25% less productive as compared to head reaches. The wheat yield in the tail was less by 10% as compared to head reaches due to unavailability of canal water and poor quality of ground water. Groundwater transfer from head to tail reaches and cultivation of low water requiring salt tolerant crop would be helpful in reducing the productivity gap and increasing the profitability of the farmers.
Determination of Crop Coefficient of Tea
Authors: Alok K. Sikka  , D.C. Sahoo  , M. Madhu  , V. Selvi
Published: May 2024

Crop coefficient of tea was determined based on evapo-transpiration data (1996-2001) using weighing type lysimeter. Weekly reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) was worked out for the same period by FAO Penman–Monteith (FAO 56-PM) equation using daily meteorological data. This ETo, along with observed crop evapotranspiration (ETc), was used to determine the crop coefficient (Kc). The average Kc values for the initial season, mid season and late season were found to be 0.80, 1.31 and 0.71, respectively with the corresponding average ETc of 2.77, 3.31 and 2.27 mm/day, respectively.
2. KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT CẮT GAN PHẢI ĐIỀU TRỊ UNG THƯ BIỂU MÔ ĐƯỜNG MẬT TRONG GAN TẠI KHOA NGOẠI GAN MẬT TỤY - BỆNH VIỆN K TỪ NĂM 2017 ĐẾN 2022
Authors: Đức Phạm Bá , Anh Phạm Thế , Hà Nghiêm Thanh
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kết quả gần phẫu thuật cắt gan phải điều trị ung thư biểu mô đường mật trong gan tại khoa Ngoại gan mật tụy, Bệnh viện K từ năm 2017 đến 2022.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu các trường hợp được phẫu thuật cắt gan phải do ung thư biểu mô đường mật trong gan tại khoa Ngoại gan mật tụy – Bệnh viện K từ tháng 3/2017 đến tháng 11/2022.
Kết quả: Phẫu thuật đã được thực hiện cho 27 bệnh nhân (BN). Tuổi trung bình: 60,2 ± 11,2 tuổi; tỉ lệ nam/nữ: 1,25/1; 18,5% trường hợp có tiền sử sỏi mật; tỷ lệ mắc viêm gan B hoặc C hoặc đồng nhiễm viêm gan B, C là 26%. CA 19 – 9 tăng trong 77,8% trường hợp và CEA tăng trong 55,6% trường hợp. Cắt gan phải theo giải phẫu chiếm 81,5%, có 66,67% bệnh nhân được vét hạch cuống gan. Đại thể có 1 khối u chiếm 51,8%, kích thước u chủ yếu > 5cm (63%); giải phẫu bệnh sau mổ: ung thư biểu mô tuyến của đường mật (81,5%), tỷ lệ di căn hạch cuống gan là 11,1%, chủ yếu ở giai đoạn IIIA chiếm 66,7%. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình: 166,3 ± 55,4 phút. Biến chứng thường gặp: tràn dịch màng phổi (22,2%), suy gan (14,8%). Phân độ biến chứng theo Clavien – Dindo: I (66.7%), II (18.5%), IIIa (14,8%). Không trường hợp nào tử vong trong thời gian nằm viện.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật cắt gan phải điều trị ung thư đường mật trong gan là khả thi, an toàn và hiệu quả.
12. KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM THỐNG KINH VÀ MONG MUỐN ĐIỀU TRỊ BẰNG Y HỌC CỔ TRUYỀN CỦA SINH VIÊN NỮ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023
Authors: Hoàng Lê Minh , Diễm Lê Ngọc , Vy Quách Tú , Thảo Trần Thị , Quyên Trần Thị , Bộ Nguyễn Văn , Tiên Nguyễn Thị Bích
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Khảo sát tỷ lệ, đặc điểm lâm sàng thống kinh theo Y học cổ truyền (YHCT) và Y học hiện đại (YHHĐ) của sinh viên nữ tại trường Đại học Y dược Cần Thơ năm 2023. Khảo sát các biện pháp đã sử dụng và mong muốn điều trị thống kinh bằng Y học cổ truyền của sinh viên nữ tại trường Đại học Y dược Cần Thơ năm 2023.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 211 sinh viên nữ hệ chính quy của trường Đại học Y dược Cần Thơ năm 2023. Sinh viên được hướng dẫn và điền vào bộ câu hỏi soạn sẵn, sử dụng 17 dấu hiệu dựa trên thang điểm RSS – Cox để đánh giá tỷ lệ các triệu chứng và sử dụng thang điểm đau VAS để đánh giá mức độ đau.
Kết quả: Qua khảo sát, tỷ lệ thống kinh trên sinh viên nữ trường Đại học Y dược Cần Thơ năm 2023 là 88,2%. Mức độ đau vừa (theo VAS) chiếm 49.2%, đau nhẹ 30.5% và đau nặng 20.3%. Theo y học cổ truyền, thực chứng chiếm 22,9%, hư chứng 71,1%, nhiệt chứng 0,5% và hàn chứng 13,9%. Về thể lâm sàng, thể Khí huyết hư nhược chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất 51,9%. Tỷ lệ sinh viên có sử dụng các phương pháp giảm đau là 55,7%, trong đó có 63/107 sinh viên dùng thuốc và 44/107 sinh viên sử dụng các phương pháp không dùng thuốc. Tỷ lệ sinh viên có nhu cầu điều trị bằng y học cổ truyền là 48,7%.
Kết luận: Thống kinh là một tình trạng thường gặp của sinh viên nữ trường Đại học Y dược Cần Thơ. Mức độ đau theo VAS chủ yếu là đau vừa. Theo Y học cổ truyền, đa số thống kinh thuộc hư chứng với thể lâm sàng chính là khí huyết hư nhược và sinh viên có mong muốn tìm hiểu và điều trị thống kinh bằng Y học cổ truyền.
20. ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ THAI KỲ Ở THAI PHỤ TIỀN SẢN GIẬT - SẢN GIẬT TẠI BỆNH VIỆN A THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Nam Vũ Đình , Hoa Phạm Thị Quỳnh
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị thai kỳ của sản phụ tiền sản giật – sản giật tại Bệnh viện A Thái Nguyên
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang gồm 67 sản phụ được chẩn đoán tiền sản giật - sản giật nhập viện theo dõi điều trị tại Bệnh viện A Thái Nguyên trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 4/2022 đến 4/2023.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ tiền sản giật – sản giật chung là 1,28%, trong đó 0,4% trường hợp non tháng và 0,54% trường hợp bệnh nặng. 32,8% trường hợp tiền sản giật có dấu hiệu phù bệnh lý, 38,5% trường hợp tiền sản giật có trị số huyết áp < 140/90 mmHg , nhóm tiền sản giật nặng có 60,7% trường hợp có trị số huyết áp >160/110 mmHg. Nồng độ axit uric ở nhóm TSG nặng (402,6 + 78,6 µmol/l) cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với nhóm TSG không có triệu chứng nặng (342,6 + 80,2 µmol/l), p < 0.05. Tỷ lệ mổ lấy thai ở nhóm TSG là 86,5% , tỷ lệ này ở nhóm TSG nặng lên đến 96,4%. Biến chứng sản giật và tử vong chu sinh chiếm 1,5% và đều xảy ra ở nhóm tiền sản giật nặng.
Kết luận: Tỷ lệ tiền sản giật – sản giật ở Bệnh viện A Thái Nguyên tương đối thấp, tuy nhiên tỷ lệ mổ lấy thai ở ở nhóm bệnh nhân này khá cao, đặc biệt ở nhóm bệnh nặng. Tỷ lệ sinh non, tỷ lệ các biến chứng đều theo chiều hướng bất lợi ở nhóm tiền sản giật nặng.
27. MỐI LIÊN QUAN GIỮA THỤ THỂ ESTROGEN TẠI TỔN THƯƠNG DA VỚI ĐẶC ĐIỂM CẬN LÂM SÀNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN LUPUS BAN ĐỎ HỆ THỐNG
Authors: Hiền Đỗ Thị Thu , Trung Lê Văn , Tuỳ Thân Trọng
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát mối liên quan giữa sự hiện diện của thụ thể estrogen α (ERα) tại thương tổn da và đặc điểm cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân lupus ban đỏ hệ thống.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu loạt trường hợp bệnh trên 65 bệnh nhân nữ được chẩn đoán lupus ban đỏ hệ thống đến tại bệnh viện Da liễu Trung ương từ tháng 01/2022 đến tháng 8/2023. Xét nghiệm tìm tự kháng thể trong máu được thực hiện trên 65 bệnh nhân. Xét nghiệm mô bệnh học vànhuộm hóa mô miễn dịch để phát hiện thụ thể estrogen α được thực hiện trên 36 trên tổng số 65 bệnh nhân.
Kết quả: Tỉ lệ dương tính tự kháng thể Anti Smith là 23,1%; anti Ro/SSA là 30% và anti LA/SSB là 7%. Thụ thể estrogen α tại tổn thương da dương tính ở 38,9% (14/36 bệnh nhân). Không tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa sự hiện diện của thụ thể ERα tại thương tổn da và mô bệnh học cũng như các tự kháng thể ở bệnh nhân SLE.
Kết luận: Thụ thể estrogen α tại tổn thương da dương tính ở 38,9% bệnh nhân. Không tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa sự hiện diện của thụ thể ERα tại thương tổn da và đặc điểm cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân SLE.
35. TỶ LỆ SUY DINH DƯỠNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH BỆNH PHỔI TẮC NGHẼN MẠN TÍNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN PHẠM NGỌC THẠCH
Authors: Tân Đoàn Duy , Phương Hồ Lan , Tuấn Phạm Nhật , Hoàng Phan Minh
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỉ lệ suy dinh dưỡng và các yếu tố liên quan ở người bệnh mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính tại Bệnh viện Phạm Ngọc Thạch năm 2023.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 84 người bệnh mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính trong 48 giờ đầu tại bệnh viện Phạm Ngọc Thạch trong khoảng thời gian 10/2022 - 06/2023. Thông tin thu thập gồm: tình trạng dinh dưỡng (SGA, BMI, khối cơ), đặc điểm dân số xã hội và bệnh lý, xét nghiệm cận lâm sàng.
Kết quả: Kết quả nghiên cứu ghi nhận tỷ lệ suy dinh dưỡng trên người bệnh mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính là 44,1% (theo phương pháp SGA), theo BMI là 23,9%. Có mối liên quan giữa tình trạng suy dinh dưỡng của người bệnh mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính theo phương pháp SGA với số lượng tế bào lympho (p<0,001) và khối cơ (p<0,05).
Kết luận: Tỉ lệ suy dinh dưỡng người bệnh mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính cao. Bên cạnh việc điều trị, cần sàng lọc và đánh giá dinh dưỡng định kỳ cho người bệnh mắc bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính, từ đó có biện pháp can thiệp kịp thời và cá thể hoá cho từng người bệnh.