bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edmodo Based E-Learning as a Media of Construction Building Learning
Authors: Putu Diah Untari Ningsih Ni , Bruri Triyono Mochamad , Dahar Minghat Asnul , Ahmad Adnan
Published: March 2021

Edmodo based E-Learning is a social learning platform for teachers/lecturers, students or for parents that developed in late 2008 by Nic Borg and Jeff O "Hara Edmodo based E-Learning developed based on the principles of group based on class management and also social media. Edmodo based E-Learning is very comprehensive because access is faster and easier to use by using some of the features that function like course management systems. The learning process using teaching materials with Edmodo based E-Learning can be used as a reference in developing appropriate teaching materials for other materials to increase the level of thinking probabilistic learners. Edmodo is certainly a good choice for learning in the fourth industrial revolution era. This study is a literature that tries to express the ideas associated with the use of Edmodo based E-Learning in Building Construction Learning. This study has the following objectives: (1). Describe criteria of Edmodo based E-Learning that good. (2). Describe the material in accordance with the Edmodo based E-Learning in Building Construction learning. (3). Describing the use of Edmodo based E-Learning in Building Construction learning.Â  Â
Literature Review: Authentic Assessment in Vocational High Schools
Authors: Firmania Nafisa , Sudira Putu , Dahar Minghat Asnul
Published: March 2021

Assessment is an activity that must be done in each lesson. Educational assessment is the process of gathering and processing information to determine the achievement of student learning outcomes. A good assessment must be carried out both in the learning process and in the final learning outcomes. The teaching and learning process in Vocational High Schools includes an explanation of science or study subjects and practice. With the complexity of learning in the Vocational High School, the assessment that is applied must be appropriate and can include the assessment of students as a whole. The assessment applied at the Vocational High School at this time is authentic assessment, where the assessment assesses three aspects of each student. The three aspects namely knowledge assessment, skills assessment and attitude assessment. Authentic assessment measures the overall student learning outcomes because this assessment assesses the progress of student learning not just the end result of student learning. Vocational high school students are prepared to work, therefore not only knowledge and skills must be invested because attitude is more important than both aspects. In other words, vocational high school students must be able to balance their knowledge and skills and be accompanied by a good attitude in each process.Â Â
New Finding in KRAS Mutated Structure Detected in Colorectal Cancer CRC Tumors Causing Uncontrolled Cell Proliferation in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Subhi Ramadhan Rehab , Najah Jabbar AL-Gafari Rebah
Published: March 2021

A total 200 tumor samples were collected from patients suffering from colorectal CRC at Al-Amal hospital. Their ages ranged from 40 â€“ 70 years old and distributed according to gender as 130 male and 70 female. We found that CRC was more common in male than female, and more frequent in elderly persons especially in age group of 61 â€“ 70 years old. From 12 specifically designed primers that were able to amplify KRAS gene in those patientsâ€™ blood samples, only 2 gave a specific band when tumor sample was used. Molecular analysis of the sequence obtained from those two primers showed the presence of 83 missense mutations in both of them, 20 in the first sequence were associated with pathogenic effect on KRAS gene, 3 frame shift, and 3 insertions, while in the second sequence obtained from primer PK2 4 frame shift mutations, and 4 insertions were identified. The impact finding is that in both sequences, open reading frames (ORFs) were developed that affected cell proliferation dramatically and produced truncated functionless proteins causing KRAS to cease control over cell cycle.Â Â
Effect of Steel Fiber on Properties of High Performance No-Fine Concrete
Authors: M. F. Alwaan Nada , . . , . .
Published: March 2021

No-fine concrete (NFC) is cellular concrete and itâ€™s light weight concrete produced with the exclusion of sand from the concrete. This study includes the mechanical properties of lightweight reinforced by steel fiber, containing different proportions of steel fiber. This study was done using number of tests. These tests were density, compressive strength, flexural strength and absorption. These tests of the molds at different curing time. The results of tests that implication of fiber to No. fine concrete did not affect significantly on the compressive strength, While the flexural strength were gets better. Results explained that, the flexural strength of (1%) fiber No- fine concrete molds are four times that of the reference molds in age 28 days. The growing in flexural strength for fiber reinforced mixes with fiber by vol. (0.5%, 0.75%, 1%) were (78%, 132%, 286%) respectively at age of 28 days.Â
Water Quality Monitoring of Tigris River by Using (GIS)-Based Physicochemical â€ŽParameters in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Nazhat Sabeeh Nadia , M. Sh. Alabdraba Waleed , Hasan Mohamed Ghadah , B. Mohammed Zainab
Published: March 2021

Water quality deterioration has become an essential concern worldwide due to climatic â€Žchanges and increased pollution. As a result, the available drinking water supply resourcesâ€ â€will receive its ration of this deterioration. This study was conducted to monitor the water â€Žquality of the Tigris River in eight different locations in Baghdad during the period â€Žbetween 2005 and 2013. Water samples were collected and analyzed for fourteen â€Žselected physicochemical parameters including alkalinity, total hardness (TH), turbidity, â€Žtotal suspended solids (TSS), temperature, pH, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, electrical â€Žconductivity (EC), chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. To show the spatial and â€Žtemporal variations of the selected parameters along the study area easily and objectively, â€ŽGeographical Information System maps (GIS maps) were used. Results showed that the â€Žobtained values in winter of alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and the â€Žconcentration of calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrite, phosphate, chloride, and total â€Žsuspended solids were higher as compared with the corresponding values in summer. On â€Žthe other hand, temperature, total hardness, pH, and nitrate values were higher in summer â€Žas compared with the corresponding values in winter. The water quality of Tigris River â€Žthroughout the study period was within the permissible limits of the Iraqi standards for â€Ždrinking water.â€ŽÂ
Enzymatic Activity and Photo-Kinetic Study of Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes with Tetradentate
Authors: M. Khamis Wessal , S.H. Mohammed Suhair , H. Abdullah Amer , Gd. Sha`aban Hanan , H. Abdul Sada Shaemmaa , Azer Daher Gwan
Published: March 2021

The Photo kinetic studies for five metal complexes of tetradentate Schiff base ligand were studied. These complexes were Chrome, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickle and Copper complexes. The kinetic values were achieved for the photoreaction and it referred to first order by in terms of complexes concentration. Three concentrations of these complexes to determined rate constant value which were determined by calculation the slope (-k) of relationship between radiation time on X-axis and natural logathirm of concentration changing on Y-axis. Values of rate constant were (0.0317min-1) for Cr-complex, (0.054min-1) for Mn-complex, (0.0706min-1) for Co-complex, (0.133min-1) for Ni-complex and (0.1211min-1) for Cu-complex. Relation between concentration on Y-axis and radiation time were showed the decreasing of concentration with time. Enzymatic study for the five complexes were achieved and showed that Cr-complex and Mn-complex showed competitive reactions and uncompetitive for Co-complex, Ni-complex and Cu-complex.Â Â
Utilizing Recycled Concrete and Stone Aggregate as Replace-ment for Natural and Crushed Virgin Aggregate
Authors: Al-Azzawi Zaid , . .
Published: March 2021

The mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate form Al-Anbar province in Iraq is presented in this paper. Recycled concrete and stone aggregates were utilized as replacements for both natural and crushed virgin aggregate. Four series of tests were conducted to study various replacement ratios (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) effect on compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of rupture. Density of concrete in addition to its water absorption were also investigated. Results of this work show that replacing natural and crushed virgin aggregate with waste concrete aggregate extracted from left-over concrete cubes and concrete barriers did not affect its mechanical properties significantly. In fact, in this study the general trend is that the compressive strength increases with increasing the replacement ratio from 0.0 to 1.0. However, the tensile strength showed different behaviour as there was a limit for the strength increase with replacement ratio where beyond it the strength started decreasing again. This limit varied between 0.50 and 0.75 depending on the type of aggregate used and the type of the test. The age of test did not affect the behaviour of the trialled mixes significantly. In addition to that, recycled stone aggregate proved to be an alternative choice only for lower grade concrete because it reduced both compressive and tensile strength in comparison to the reference mix.Â
Intra-individual variation across the lifespan: Results from an Austrian panel study
Authors: Bülow Lars , Vergeiner Philip C.
Published: March 2021

This article explores intra-individual variation and language change across the lifespan of eight speakers from a small Austrian village. Four phonological variables in two settings (informal conversation vs. formal interview) are traced across longitudinal panel data that span 43 years. The analysis reveals an increase of dialect features (retrograde change), even though apparent-time as well as real-time trend studies indicate dialect loss in the Bavarian speaking parts of Austria. The panel data also indicate that neither the group means at one moment in time nor their averaged changes are representative of the intra-individual variation of any of the eight speakers. Regarding this non-representativity, the article introduces the classical ergodic theorem to variationist sociolinguistics. Evidence will be provided that change across the lifespan of an individual is a non-ergodic process. Thus, it is argued that variationists have to be more cautious when they generalise from group-derived estimates to individual developments and vice versa.
Using fuzzy logic to support maintenance decisions according to Resilience-Based Maintenance concept
Authors: Bukowski Lech , Werbińska-Wojciechowska Sylwia
Published: March 2021

Many authors have highlighted the importance of physical assets maintenance management
in relation to resilience engineering, especially for systems operating under significant uncertainty. Thus, the authors presented a new approach to system maintenance based on resilience concept implementation. They introduced Maintenance Support Potentials (MSP)
as a measure of an organization's maintenance support capacity. Moreover, based on the
MSP definition, they developed a fuzzy-based organization's maintenance support potential
level assessment method. The proposed approach takes into account two main MSP parameters – potential readiness level and process regency. It followed four main steps, including
organization's MSP identification/evaluation, MSP weights assessment, Maintenance Support Capacity assessment, and final reasoning. A case study of a global manufacturer from
the automotive industry is presented to illustrate the method's applicability. The authors
also indicated further research directions to optimize the maintenance strategy based on
Resilience-Based Maintenance concept.
Estimation of Gourami Supplies Using Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Method of XGBoost
Authors: Sukarsa I Made , Pandika Pinata Ngakan Nyoman , Dwi Rusjayanthi Ni Kadek , Wisswani Ni Wayan
Published: March 2021

The need for food supplies are very crucial in a food business, therefore it is necessary to estimate the right supplies to maximize profit. One of the methods to determine these is by looking for patterns and forecasting transaction data. The purpose of this research is to estimate the gourami supplies using transaction data to forecast using the gradient boosting decision tree method from XGBoost. The transaction data used comes from Restaurant X with a time period from 2016 to 2019. A measurement error rate of the model is achieved by using MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error). This study tried five XGBoost models with different features such as lag, rolling window, mean encoding, and mix. The results of this study indicate that the mixed feature model produces an accuracy of 97.54% with an MAE of 0.63 and a MAPE of 2.64%.
Research on Non-Landslide Selection Method for Landslide Hazard Mapping
Authors: Li Xia , Cheng Jiulong , Yu Dehao , Han Yangchun
Published: March 2021

Most landslide prediction models need to select non-landslides. At present, non-landslides mainly use subjective inference or random selection method, which makes it easy to select non-landslides in high-risk areas. To solve this problem and improve the accuracy of landslide prediction, the method of selecting non-landslide by Information value (IV) is proposed in this study. Firstly, 230 historical landslides and 10 landslide conditioning factors are extracted and interpreted by using Remote Sensing (RS) image, Geographic Information System (GIS) and field survey. Secondly, random, buffer, river channel or slope, and IV methods are used to obtain non-landslides, and the obtained non-landslides are applied to the popular SVM model for landslide hazard mapping (LHM) in western area of Tumen City. The landslide hazard map based on the river channel or slope method is seriously inconsistent with the actual situation of study area, Therefore, the three methods of random, buffer, and IV are verified and compared by accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under curves (AUC). The results show that the landslide prediction accuracy of the three methods is more than 80%, and the prediction accuracy is high, but the IV is higher. In addition, IV can identify the very high hazard regions with smaller area. Therefore, it is more reasonable to use IV to select non-landslides, and IV method is more practical in landslide prevention and engineering construction. The research results may be useful to provide basic information of landslide hazard for decision makers and planners.
TO THE PROBLEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors: Slobodianiuk Hanna
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific publications on the problem of psychological training of future
teachers, which have been published in the international database of Web of Science, for the last twenty years. It was
found that until 2008 there was an underestimated level of attention of scientists to the issues of scientific research on the
problem of psychological training of future teachers. The vast majority of publications are articles which explore the
formation of the necessary professional competencies with a psychological component in future teachers; innovations in
forms and methods of mastering psychological knowledge are covered; data on the content of educational psychology as
a scientific discipline, etc. are given. However, the analyzed scientific works are limited in their nature and do not take
into account the very relevant areas of research on this topic.
Percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca do tratamento da tuberculose em um município do estado do Amazonas
Authors: De Sousa Amanda Thyanne Sales , De Araújo Mirelia Rodrigues , Lopes Graciana de Sousa
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Investigar as percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca do tratamento da tuberculose em um município do estado do Amazonas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo “pesquisa de opinião” que buscou investigar o processo acerca do tratamento da tuberculose em pacientes de um município do estado do Amazonas, voltados para as percepções encontradas pelo enfermeiro no âmbito da atenção primária. Resultados: A pesquisa procedeu com sete perguntadas fechadas e uma pergunta aberta; participaram da seguinte pesquisa 20 profissionais enfermeiros de forma anônima, que atuam em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), que lidam diretamente com portadores de tuberculose pulmonar. Considerações finais: No esclarecimento do processo do trabalho do enfermeiro, destacam-se ações e atividades realizadas junto ao paciente, e ainda sim, torna-se necessário a implementação de capacitação de toda a equipe para uma melhor adesão e manutenção do tratamento, bem como realização de pesquisas de campo com os usuários afim de analisar sua percepção frente ao atendimento da atenção básica.
On the relative growth of Dirichlet series with zero abscissa of absolute convergence
Authors: Mulyava O. M.
Published: March 2021

Let $F$ and $G$ be analytic functions given by Dirichlet series with exponents increasing to $+\infty$ and zero abscissa of absolute convergence.The growth of $F$ with respect to $G$ is studied through the generalized order$$\varrho^0_{\alpha,\beta}[F]_G=\varlimsup\limits_{\sigma\uparrow 0}\dfrac{\alpha(1/|M^{-1}_G(M_F(\sigma)|)}{\beta(1/|\sigma|)}$$and the generalized lower order $$\lambda^0_{\alpha,\beta}[F]_G=\varliminf\limits_{\sigma\uparrow 0} \dfrac{\alpha(1/|M^{-1}_G(M_F(\sigma)|)}{\beta(1/|\sigma|)},$$ where $M_F(\sigma)=\sup\{|F(\sigma+it)|:\,t\in{\mathbb R}\},$ $M^{-1}_G(x)$ is the function inverse to $M_G(\sigma)$ and $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are positive increasing to $+\infty$ functions.Formulas are found for the finding these quantities.
Numerical analysis of reducing tunneling effect on viaduct piles foundation by jet grouted wall
Authors: Asker Kamel , Fouad Mohmed Tarek , Bahr Mohamed , El-Attar Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Purpose. The target of this study is divided into two parts. The first part is concerned with capability of numerical model to simulate the tunneling process. The second part is related to studying the interaction mechanism between the tunnel, protection technique, and soil. This study themes are investigated by analyzing different protection technique configuration, considering different stiffness of the grouted wall, and applying different interface coefficient between the wall and the soil. Methods. The method used in this study to check the accuracy of the proposed numerical model is 4-D ABAQUS program. The typical excavation of a tunnel is simulated step by step with an assumed rate of tunnel advancement (0.5 to 1.5 m/hr). The soil material utilized in this model is elastic perfectly plastic (the Mohr-Сoulomb criterion), while elastic material is modeled as solid element (S4R) adopted for lining, grouting, filling gaps, shielding, constructing piles, and jet grouted wall. Findings. Results showed that the closer jet grouting to the tunnel with embedded length of 1.5 times tunnel diameter, the better effect on reducing the lateral deformation and bending moment generated on piles. Otherwise, increasing wall thickness more than double grouted column diameter would not affect its shielding efficiency. Furthermore, either increasing or decreasing friction coefficient even if rough between the grouted wall and soil had no effect on the pile behavior. Additionally, applying Mohr-Coulomb criteria for grouted wall with high stiffness allowed realistic response of the pile group. Originality.Capability of the proposed model is verified by back analysis of Changsha Subway Line 1 project, where the shield tunnel would be constructed near existing pile groups of L off-ramp of the Xinzhong Road viaduct. Practical implications. Increasing grouted wall configuration is more effective than mechanical properties or its interface coefficient with surrounded soil in mitigating tunneling effect on nearby piles. Keywords: tunneling, jet grouting, gield measurements, ABAQUS, Changsha Subway Line 1
COVID-19 related knowledge and practice and barriers that hinder adherence to preventive measures among the Egyptian community. An epidemiological study in Upper Egypt
Authors: Abd Elhameed Ali Rasha , Ahmed Ghaleb Alaa , Abokresha Seham Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Background: This study aims to assess COVID-19 related knowledge and practice among the Egyptians in Upper Egypt and to identify barriers that hinder adherence to these preventive measures.Design and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 21 to 30 August 2020, via both online survey and personal interviews using a non-probability self-nominated sample.Results: A total of 731 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean age was 32.1± 2.1 and 64.3% were females. The main sources of knowledge were, Internet and Social Media followed by TV then family and friends. More than 96% of the respondents knew the origin, nature, the main symptoms, and the modes of transmission of COVID-19, however, 37.6% of them thought that COVID-19 patients must develop symptoms. 75.8% and 73.6% of the participants respectively covered their nose and mouth during sneezing and washed their hands regularly, 65.4% wore masks in crowded places, while only 31.1% and 30% of them respectively avoided touching their faces or shaking hands with friends. Knowledge and practice were positively correlated and both were linked to younger age and higher education and the female gender was also a predictor of better practice. The most common perceived barriers to adherence to preventive measures were feeling uncomfortable, forgetfulness then financial causes.Conclusions: the study subjects were aware of COVID-19 and its preventive measures however adherence to some of these measures was not prevalent amongst them, indicating an urgent need of addressing and targeting barriers that hinder adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the future policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Egypt.
Eurofound’s Reference Framework: Sustainable work over the life course in the EU
Authors: Eiffe Franz
Published: March 2021

Demographic change has triggered policy debates and responses across Europe. The need of keeping workers in employment longer is a consequence that requires rethinking new solutions for working conditions and career paths helping workers to retain their physical and mental health – as well as motivation and productivity – throughout an extended working life. Eurofound has titled the broad goal set out by this statement as ‘making work sustainable over the life course’. Identifying and analysing the factors and actions underpinning sustainable work throughout working life has been a research priority for Eurofound since 2013. In this article, the Eurofound reference framework of sustainable work is introduced and its components are discussed. In a first step, the rather expansive concept of sustainable work was illuminated by a framework that explains our approach and that has been used as reference point for a range of Eurofound research projects examining different aspects of sustainable work. Section 2 presents sustainable work outcome indicators on the societal and the individual level and provides some reflections of how those can be used jointly to map overall beneficial work environments for sustainable work. Section 3 investigates contextual factors such as infrastructures, workplace practices and job quality. The specific role of motivation is highlighted in section 4 based on empirical analysis. The paper closes with some conclusions and a policy outlook.
Indian Constitution Vis-À-Vis The Idea of Secularism: The Role of State in The Ongoing Trends
Authors: Chaudhary Divyanshu
Published: March 2021

We, the people of India, when the Constitution was drafted, adopted the magnificent path for the equal freedom of right to religion (under Article 25). However, 42nd Amendment, 1976 categorically made this path crystal clear by inserting the term “secular” within the preamble. It is, therefore, the intention of the Constitution makers which endorses the idea of secularism in India. India, that is to say, as a state has no religion but comes out as neutral towards the concept of religion. The Constitution, furthering the idea of values enshrined in the preamble, equally preserves and protects all religions. In this way, the state is certainly bound to abide by the Constitutional virtues of secularism; however, the ongoing trends in India depict otherwise. This paper, therefore, investigates these trends which seem to violate the secular idea of the Indian Constitutional philosophy. The researcher intends to establish as to how the state, in recent times, is involved in matters based on a specific religion and how it affects the very principles which were set by the Constitution makers. It is established that the ongoing trends in India have tremendously impacted the Constitutional ethos (including Constitutional morality) of secularism in India and the state has failed to keep them intact.
Morphometrics and carcass characteristics of males of six dual purpose chicken breeds under intensive management
Authors: Oyewale O. A. , Bamidele O. , Oyedele J. G. , Sonaiya E. B.
Published: March 2021

The performance of six dual-purpose, smallholder-focused chicken breeds (Fulani, FUNAAB Alpha, Kuroiler, Noiler, Sasso and Shikabrown®) was evaluated under intensive management at two locations in Nigeria. Data on live performance, morphology, physiology and carcass characteristics were collected. Adaptability characteristics were higher in Fulani, FUNAAB Alpha and ShikaBrown breeds. Kuroiler, Sasso and FUNAAB Alpha had higher (p<0.05) morphometric indices. Carcass characteristics were higher (p<0.05) for Kuroiler, FUNAAB Alpha, Noiler and Sasso breeds. Noiler and Sasso had the highest dressing percentage (69.2%) and muscle to bone ratio (2.8), respectively. The physiological characteristics of the breeds fell within the normal range for chickens. The six breeds were well adapted to the hot humid environment of Nigeria.

 

 

La performance de six races de poulets à double usage et axées sur les petits exploitants (Fulani, FUNAAB Alpha, Kuroiler, Noiler, Sasso et Shikabrown®) a été évaluée sous gestion intensive à deux endroits au Nigéria. Des données sur les performances en direct, la morphologie, la physiologie et les caractéristiques de la carcasse ont été recueillies. Les caractéristiques d'adaptabilité étaient plus élevées chez les races peuls, FUNAAB Alpha et ShikaBrown. Kuroiler, Sasso et FUNAAB Alpha avaient des indices morphométriques plus élevés (p<0.05). Les caractéristiques de la carcasse étaient plus élevées (p<0.05) pour les races Kuroiler, FUNAAB Alpha, Noiler et Sasso. Noiler et Sasso avaient le pourcentage d'habillage le plus élevé (69.2 %) et le rapport muscle/os (2.8), respectivement. Les caractéristiques physiologiques des races se sont tombées dans la fourchette normale pour les poulets. Les six races étaient bien adaptées à l'environnement chaud et humide du Nigeria.
Attitudes of the students of the College of Basic Education Towards the Implementation of Moodle System in Managing University E-Courses to Enhance the Learning Process in Kuwait
Authors: Alfailakawi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The study aimed at investigating the Attitudes of the students of the College of Basic Education Towards the implementation of Moodle System in managing University E-Courses to Enhance the Learning Process in Kuwait. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method and then developed a questionnaire to measure students’ attitudes towards the use of Moodle system in E-courses management. The study tool was divided into two domains; striving for the benefit of Moodle system and the importance of using the Moodle system, the study tool’s reliability and validity were verified. The study sample consisted of (397) bachelor (male and female) students from the college of Basic Education in the Public authority for applied education and training in Kuwait. The findings revealed that the student’s tendency towards using Moodle system in university E-courses management came medium. The results also showed no statistically significant differences due to the effect of sex in all domains and the full degree. The existence of statistically significant differences due to the academic level’s effect in all fields and the differences came in favor of the first and second academic year in all domains and the full degree.
Nuevos restos terciarios de Spheniscidae (Aves, Sphenisciformes) procedentes de la costa del Perú
Authors: Acosta-Hospitalache Carolina , Strucchi Marcelo
Published: March 2021

Se estudian dos nuevos restos de Spheniscidae procedentes de la costa peruana. Uno de ellos, un tarsometatarso, proveniente de la Localidad de Zamaca, Departamento de Ica, fue exhumado de sedimentos de la Formación Chilcatay (Mioceno Medio temprano) y es asignado a Palaeospheniscus sp. Este nuevo hallazgo constituye la primera cita para la Formación Chilcatay, constituyendo el registro más septentrional conocido para la Subfamilia Palaeospheniscinae. Esto permite ampliar su rango de distribución extendiéndolo al Mioceno Medio de la costa del Perú. El segundo, correspondiente a un tibiotarso, de la Localidad de Bajada del Diablo, Departamento de Ica, fue colectado en la Formación Otuma (Eoceno Tardío - Oligoceno Temprano) y es asignado a un Spheniscidae indet., siendo posible agregar que pertenece a un taxón distinto a aquel del tarsometatarso.
RECENSIÓN. Las aves en la historia natural de novohispana
Authors: Sánchez Marco Antonio
Published: March 2021

El propósito esencial de la obra es descubrir y analizar los primeros pasos de la ornitología en América, en particular en la Nueva España, que fue parte de los territorios que hoy constituyen México. Es un libro bien escrito, de lenguaje claro y preciso; y esto se agradece especialmente en capítulos como aquel en el que repasa brevemente y con acierto los orígenes (europeos), desde Aristóteles, de la historia natural y de la ornitología.
La obra Historia Natural de la Nueva España, de Francisco, Hernández, destaca porque constituye un intento de compendiar los conocimientos que sobre la naturaleza poseían médicos, cirujanos e indígenas, y, además, incluía descripciones, dibujos e incluso experimentación de las propiedades medicinales o culinarias de los objetos naturales que registraba.
Este autor se cuenta entre quienes mantienen que el tratamiento de las aves en este periodo no constituye los comienzos de la ornitología de su país, puesto que las aves aún no constituían un objeto de estudio; no se daba la especialización que se observaba en Europa. Este libro es una pieza de mucho interés en la recuperación de los orígenes y desarrollo de la historial natural mexicana, particularmente en lo que se refiere a la ornitología. Busca, en definitiva, datar e identificar la cladogénesis de esta especialidad científica en el país, para lo que así mismo discute el alcance de los conocimientos ornitológicos en las culturas prehispánicas. Es una discusión importante y más complejo que en Europa.
Dicranophyllum glabrum (Dawson) Stopes, an unusual element of lower Westphalian floras in Atlantic Canada
Authors: Wagner Robert
Published: March 2021

Rare but well preserved repeatedly dichotomised leaves, apparently in a single plane, are identified with Dicranophyllum, an unusual gymnosperm attributed to a special order, the Dicranophyllales. The specimens recorded here from the “Fern Ledges” at Saint John, New Brunswick are from lower Westphalian (Langsettian) strata, which is a low horizon for this genus, which is best known from the Stephanian and Lower Permian. Comparison is made with various species described from the Carboniferous in Europe.
Estudios palinológicos del Grupo Baqueró (Cretácico Inferior), provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. IX polen bisacado de Podocarpaceae
Authors: Archangelsky Sergio , Villar de Seoane Liliana
Published: March 2021

Se describen nueve especies de granos bisacados pertenecientes a la Familia Podocarpaceae, de las cuales tres son especies conocidas, cuatro son nuevas y otras dos quedan sin determinación específica por poseer pocos ejemplares. El material analizado pertenece a los géneros Podocarpidites Cookson 1947 y Gamerroites Archangelsky 1988 y fue hallado en varias localidades y horizontes estratigráficos de la Formación Anfi teatro de Ticó, Grupo Baqueró, Cretácico Inferior (Aptiano) de la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. Se realizó un detallado estudio de los caracteres morfológicos más destacados del cuerpo y los sacos con el fi n de establecer especies representativas y de fácil identificación taxonómica. Se agregaron comparaciones con ejemplares dispersos de otras procedencias geográficas y estratigráficas. También se comparó con polen hallado en fructificaciones de la Mmisma Formación. La variedad de material microscópico y megascópico presente en el Aptiano de Patagonia sugiere que la familia Podocarpaceae estuvo más diversificada, que en la época actual. Ello sugiere que Patagonia pudo haber sido uno de los centros de dispersión y diversificación de la familia en el ámbito gondwánico.
El origen de los félidos macairodontinos: aspectos funcionales de la anatomía cráneo-cervical de Paramachairodus ogygia (Kaup, 1832) (Felidae, machairodontinae) de Batallones-1 (Vallesiense, MN 10)
Authors: Salesa Manuel J. , Antón Mauricio , Turner Alan , Morales Jorge
Published: March 2021

Los llamados “félidos dientes de sable” aparecen en el registro fósil a partir del Mioceno superior, desapareciendo hace tan solo unos 10.000 años. Los últimos representantes de este grupo fueron los cazadores dominantes en las comunidades de mamíferos de las que formaron parte. Su anatomía, altamente especializada, es bastante bien conocida gracias a yacimientos como Rancho La Brea (EEUU), del cual se conocen restos de miles de individuos de Smilodon fatalis. Sin embargo, muy poco se sabía sobre la anatomía de los primeros macairodontinos y sobre el origen de este modelo de depredador. El descubrimiento del complejo de yacimientos del Cerro de los Batallones (Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid) ha proporcionado gran cantidad de restos de uno de los macairodontinos más primitivos, Paramachairodus ogygia, lo que ha permitido estudiar en profundidad su anatomía funcional, en concreto en este trabajo el complejo cráneo-cervical, y proponer una hipótesis que explique el origen para este grupo tan especializado de carnívoros.
Aves del Plioceno superior de la meseta sur ibérica: una asociación ornítica aparentemente cuaternaria
Authors: Sánchez Marco Antonio
Published: March 2021

El yacimiento de Las Higueruelas (Ciudad Real, España) aporta un conjunto de huesos fósiles de más de veinte especies de aves, entre las cuales hay una paleoespecie nueva de codorniz aún no descrita y que está siendo estudiada actualmente. Estos restos están asocia dos a una rica fauna de mamíferos, anfibios, reptiles y peces del Villafran quiense, MN 16. El registro ornítico está dominado por aves acuáticas y por especies ligadas a masas de agua. Otro grupo importante es el de los habitantes típicos de zonas esteparias. El paisaje consistiría fundamentalmente en un terreno este pario con una laguna o un sistema lagunar que actuó como recipiente sedimentario. Se detectan efectos de un enfriamiento climático, probablemente del que sucedió a finales del episodio Gauss y principios del Matuyama. Esta asociación de especies tiene las características principales de las ornitofaunas europeas del Cuaternario, por lo que se plantea que existían en Europa ornitocenosis similares a las cuaternarias hace más de 3 millones de años.
Aproximación histórica al género Iguanodon
Authors: Luis Sanz José
Published: March 2021

El modelo lacertoide de interpretación de Iguanodon por parte de Mantell fue refutado por Owen. A su vez, esta interpretación mamiferoide fue refutada por Dollo a favor de de un modelo bípedo canguroide. La interpretación actual, que procede de Norman, Galton y Weishampel, describe a Iguanodon como un cuadrúpedo/bípedo opcional, dependiendo de las especies y del desarrollo ontogénico. Iguanodon fue un gran fitófago que vivió en Eurasia y América durante el Cretácico Inferior (Berriasiense-Albiense). Su contexto filogenético dentro de los dinosaurios ornitisquios ornitópodos tiene un amplio consenso. La familia Iguanodontidae (que incluye a Iguanodon + Ouranosaurus + Altirhinus) es probablemente parafilética, al igual que el propio género Iguanodon. La proyección sociocultural de Iguanodon ha sido determinada en gran parte por su condición de “dinosaurio europeo”. Fue eliminado de la primera versión cinematográfi ca de “El mundo perdido” (1925) y aparece unos segundos en “Fantasia”. Por fi n, Disney le convirtió en protagonista de la película “Dinosaurio” (2000).
Los dinosaurios de Morella (Castellón, España): historia de su investigación
Authors: Gasulla Asensio José Miguel
Published: March 2021

Desde que, en el último tercio del siglo XIX, se describen las primeras evidencias directas de dinosaurios en España, los yacimientos de Morella siempre han estado ligados a la historia de la dinosauriología española. Primero con la investigación de Nicolás Ferrer y Julve y Juan Vilanova y Piera, luego con el estudio más específico de José Royo y Gómez y más tarde con la publicación de la primera monografía sobre dinosaurios de la península Ibérica. En los últimos diez años, la investigación y divulgación en dinosaurios se ha incrementado notablemente en Morella, entre otras cosas, por la realización del museo monotemático “Temps de dinosaures”, por la localización del yacimiento de icnitas de Vallivana o por el control paleontológico permanente de una cantera de arcillas en el Mas de la Parreta.
Restos de huevos de dinosaurio en el Cretácico Superior del sinclinal de Vallcebre (Berguedà, provincia de Barcelona)
Authors: Bravo Ana María , Vila Bernat , Galobart Àngel , Oms Oriol
Published: March 2021

Numerosos restos de huevos de dinosaurio han sido hallados en los sedimentos de la Formación Tremp del sinclinal de Vallcebre (Cretácico Superior, Pirineo suroriental, provincia de Barcelona). Los recientes trabajos de campo han proporcionado nueva información acerca de la situación estratigráfica de estos restos, conociendo quince nuevos puntos repartidos en tres unidades (Lutitas con Carbones, Lutitas con Oncolitos y Lutitas Rojas inferiores). La abundancia de restos de huevos a lo largo de las unidades litológicas sugiere una importante actividad de nidificación en ciertos paleoambientes. Se han identificado dos ooespecies distintas (Megaloolithus siruguei y Megaloolithus mamillare) que pueden aparecer en un mismo nivel o bien en diferentes niveles estratigráficos. La comparación preliminar con las sucesiones de ooespecies descritas en depósitos continentales del sur de Francia sugiere la existencia de una asociación similar en la sucesión de ooespecies descrita en el sinclinal de Vallcebre.
Nuevos restos de Theropoda del Jurásico Superior-Cretácico Inferior de la Comarca de los Serranos (Valencia)
Authors: Suñer Maite , De Santisteban Carlos , Galobart Àngel
Published: March 2021

Se estudian cuatro dientes aislados y una falange ungueal encontrados en cinco nuevas localidades de Alpuente (Los Serranos, Valencia) del Jurásico Superior - Cretácico Inferior del Sistema Ibérico. Se describen tres morfotipos de dientes de acuerdo con variables métricas y la morfología de los dentículos. Tres de ellos y la falange ungueal se asignan a Theropoda indet. y el cuarto diente se asigna a Coelurosauria indet.
La legislación de medio ambiente y la protección del patrimonio Paleontológico en la Comunidad Valenciana (España)
Authors: Ruiz-Sánchez Francisco J
Published: March 2021

Tanto en España, la Ley estatal 4/1989, de conservación de los espacios naturales y de la flora y fauna silvestres, como en la Comunidad Valenciana la Ley 11/1994, de espacios naturales protegidos, consideran el patrimonio paleontológico en la categoría de los recursos naturales. Los yacimientos paleontológicos con valores científicos o culturales de interés especial pueden ser declarados como espacios naturales protegidos a partir de un plan de ordenación de los recursos naturales. Según la Ley 11/1994, de la Generalitat Valenciana, de espacios naturales protegidos, los recursos paleontológicos pueden ser protegidos a través de la declaración de dos figuras de protección específicas, el Monumento Natural y el Sitio de Interés. El instrumento de ordenación para las figuras de Monumento Natural y Sitio de Interés se denomina normas de protección. La ley valenciana de espacios naturales establece el contenido mínimo de estos planes de ordenación, incluyendo las limitaciones de uso y disfrute de los recursos naturales en las zonas protegidas. El patrimonio paleontológico en la Comunidad Valenciana es rico y diverso, encontrándose negativamente afectado su estado de conservación por el intenso desarrollo de las actividades humanas. La gestión y protección de este recurso por parte de la administración valenciana puede claramente mejorarse.
El género Hamatolenus Hupé, 1953 (Cámbrico Inferior-Medio) en Murero y áreas adyacentes de las CadenaS Ibéricas (NE de España)
Authors: Dies-Álvarez María Eugenia , Gozalo Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

Hasta la fecha, se han defi nido tres subgéneros de Hamatolenus Hupé, 1953: H. (Hamatolenus) Hupé, 1953, H. (Myopsolenus) Hupé, 1953 y H. (Lotzeia) Sdzuy, 1958. En España se conocían sólo representantes de los dos primeros con las especies H. (Hamatolenus) ibericus Sdzuy, 1958 y H. (L.) lotzei Sdzuy, 1958. Se presenta aquí el primer ejemplar de Hamatolenus (Myopsolenus) encontrado en la Península Ibérica.
El análisis de la distribución estratigráfi ca del género Hamatolenus muestra su potencial para la correlación de los materiales situados entorno al límite Cámbrico Inferior y Medio, para las facies siliciclásticas en el ámbito perigondwánico. Además, desde un punto de vista paleobiogeográfi co, los hallazgos del género muestran, de nuevo, la similitud faunística existente para este intervalo temporal entre las subprovincias Mediterránea y Avalónica.
Revisión del género toxodon Owen, 1837 (Notoungulata: Toxodontidae) en el Pleistoceno de las provincias dE Corrientes, Chaco y Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Miño-Boilini Ángel R , Cerdeño Esperanza , Bond Mariano
Published: March 2021

Se realiza una revisión sistemática de los materiales referidos a Toxodontidae (Notoungulata) provenientes del Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío-Holoceno temprano) de las Provincias de Corrientes y Chaco, Argentina. Previamente, diversos autores habían reconocido en esta área la presencia de los siguientes Toxodontidae: Toxodon gezi, T. cf. T. gezi, T. aguirrei, T. cf. T. platensis, T. gracilis y Toxodon sp. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las especies presentes en la Provincia de Corrientes son T. platensis y T. gracilis. En la Provincia de Chaco, los materiales originalmente referidos a T. cf. T. gezi se reconocen como T. platensis. En este sentido, la evidencia indica que T. gezi y T. aguirrei no son especies válidas y deben ser consideradas sinónimos posteriores de T. platensis. Además, en este trabajo, se da a conocer un cráneo bastante completo de T. platensis procedente del Lujanense (Pleistoceno tardío-Holoceno temprano) de la Provincia de Santa Fe.
Descripción de las vértebras cervicales de Galvesaurus herreroi Barco, Canudo, Cuenca-bescos & Ruiz-Omeñaca, 2005 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) del tránsito Jurásico-Cretácico en Galve (Teruel, Aragón, España)
Authors: Barco José Luis , Canudo José Ignacio , Cuenca-Bescós Gloria
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se describen en detalle las vértebras y costillas cervicales del dinosaurio saurópodo Galvesaurus herreroi. El ejemplar proviene de la Formación Villar del Arzobispo (Titónico-Berriasiense medio?) de Galve (Sistema Ibérico, Teruel, Aragón, España). Se estudian cuatro vértebras cervicales y dos costillas cervicales recuperadas en el yacimiento de Cuesta Lonsal. Estas vértebras posiblemente pertenecen al mismo individuo que el holotipo. El taxón “Galveosaurus herreroi” descrito sobre el mismo ejemplar deviene en un sinónimo posterior. Las vértebras cervicales presentan unos centros vertebrales fuertemente opistocélicos, con pleurocelos bien desarrollados, profundos y divididos en el caso de las cervicales medias. El arco neural es relativamente alto. La laminación está bien desarrollada en el arco neural formada fundamentalmente por las láminas acdl, pcdl, cpol, cprl, sprl, prdl y podl. Además presenta dos láminas accesorias, conectadas con la lámina postzigodiapofisial. Tanto el centro vertebral como el arco neural se encuentra bien neumatizados. Las vértebras cervicales de Galvesaurus presentan una morfología que permite incluirlas en Neosauropoda. El estudio cladístico realizado a partir de la matriz de Wilson (2002) con algunas modificaciones, demuestra también que Galvesaurus se sitúa en el clado Neosauropoda, y posiblemente en la base de Macronaria, aunque la escasez de información de los taxones de esta parte de cladograma deja abiertas otras posibilidades. La propuesta de algunos autores de situar a Galvesaurus como un Cetiosauridae o lo que es lo mismo un Eusauropoda fuera de Neosauropoda no es coherente con nuestros resultados.
Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Students towards COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hirani Haris , Khurram Rabia , Iqbal Nasima , Bijarani Ali Nawaz , Bhatty Afreen , Mumtaz Tayyaba
Published: March 2021

Aim: To determine the knowledge and attitude of medical undergraduates towards COVID-19.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Quaid-e Azam medical college from June 2020 to August 2020.

Methodology: The undergraduate students enrolled in 1st year to final year of MBBS were included in the study. A proforma was prepared by using the Google Docs and validated before starting the study. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.78. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version-20. All the qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages while quantitative as mean and standard deviation. Knowledge score was compared with demographic variables by using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA test, as appropriate. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results: About 56% of the participants were female while remaining 44% were male, majority of them i.e. 51.6% were mediocre. Majority were from 3rd year and final year i.e. 25.2% and 24.4% respectively. Looking over the mean knowledge score the final year students having more knowledge about COVID-19 then the other students from different years, among them the female participants were having more knowledge score then their male counterparts with significant highly p-value. Comparing knowledge score with socioeconomic status reported that upper class was having higher score. Over-all 74% of final year students answered correctly to all of the questions regarding knowledge towards COVID-19. Considering specifically the attitude of medical students towards COVID-19, majority of the students including all years of MBBS, like to get more information about COVID-19.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Pakistani undergraduate students of MBBS are having good knowledge about COVID-19. They are also well-aware of the protective measures which should be taken. In comparison, final year students having the higher level of knowledge then the students of other years of MBBS. All the students having positive attitude for stopping COVID-19.