bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart of the State, Site of Tension: The Archival Turn Viewed from Venice, ca. 1400-1700
Authors: de Vivo Filippo
Published: February 2017

In recent years, a new historiographical trend has focused on archives not as mere repositories of sources, but as objects of inquiry in their own right. Particular attention has been paid to how their continually evolving organization and management reflect the political presuppositions of the institutions presiding over them. This article acknowledges this archival turn and provides an example drawn from the famous case study of the Venetian chancery between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries, at a time of substantial developments in the management of archives. It proposes a more inclusive and socially contextualized approach in order to demonstrate that archives were not just tools of power but also sites of economic, social, and political conflict. A close reading of the very document that led to the institutional view of the Venetian archive as the “heart of the state” reveals that the patrician rulers worried about both the fragility of their archive and the reliability of the notaries in charge of it. This perspective helps to explain the exalted representation of the archive in the late Middle Ages and the early modern era—a representation that, taken at face value, continues to inspire historical analysis today—by illuminating the practical difficulties surrounding archival methods at the time. The history of archives emerges as a promising field of inquiry precisely because it can shed light on both the history of the state and the social context in which the state’s actions had to be negotiated.
The Formation of Greek City-States: Status, Class, and Land Tenure Systems
Authors: Zurbach Julien
Published: February 2017

Recent scholarship has often remarked on the opposition between two conceptions of Archaic Greek societies, relating either to a legal and static definition of status or to a notion of status as personal and fluid, linked to diversified strategies for obtaining social distinction. This article seeks to move beyond this opposition by examining the history of status groups in the Archaic period. After analyzing the key stages within the complex historiography devoted to this subject, it goes on to provide a history of status groups during the formative period of the city-states. The creation of new status groups was an essential feature of the city-states’ history and was primarily linked to indebtedness and war. Although statuses were collective and often imposed from the outside, they nevertheless display a historical development that is central to the formation of city-states. In the seventh century BCE, new groups were created in response to the aristocracy’s need for a workforce. The resulting conflict led to an evolution of the systems regulating access to land and food. This reorganization of entitlement, which was how communities responded to the social and economic crisis they faced, was in turn based on the creation of new status groups. Social conflict led to the definition of a new system of status groups.
Colonial Misrepresentation of the “Tea Revolution” in the Province of Phú Thọ (Tonkin), 1920-1945
Authors: Tessier Olivier
Published: February 2017

The colonization of the land that is now Vietnam and the establishment of a French protectorate in Tonkin in the late nineteenth century led to new methods of agricultural production and new means of exploiting natural resources. This article examines this evolution by focusing on the endogenous and spontaneous movement of colonization that developed “illegally” during the first half of the twentieth century and which concerned several villages located in the hills of two districts in Phú Thọ province. A comparison of archival sources produced by the protectorate authorities with the testimonials recorded by former colonist-planters and their descendants reveals how the colonial state manipulated and falsified information in order to subsequently claim ownership of this colonial movement, which transformed the region’s environment, society, and economy.
Did the Romans Laugh?
Authors: Beard Mary
Published: February 2017

Laughter is one of the most difficult and intriguing historical subjects, one that defies firm conclusion or systematization. Beginning with Dion Cassius’s first-person account of laughter in the Colosseum in 192 CE, this article explores some of the heuristic challenges of writing about the laughter of the past—particularly that of classical antiquity. It attempts to undermine some of the false certainties that surround the idea of a “ classical theory of laughter” (which originated during the Renaissance) and argues that ideas about laughter in ancient Greece and Rome were much more diverse than one usually imagines. Important patterns in the discursive use of laughter in ancient Rome can nonetheless be observed. This article also examines the way laughter was used to mediate political power and autocracy in addition to how laughter operated on the boundary between animals and humans. It concludes with a reflection on the extent to which we can still share in the laughter of the Romans and under what conditions.
Wealthy Women and Legacy Hunters in Late Imperial Rome
Authors: Hartmann Elke
Published: February 2017

This article examines the historical value of poetical texts, such as the Roman poet Martial’sEpigrams, with regard to the relationship betweencaptatores(legacy hunters) and wealthy, often elderly single women. By comparing the provisions and limits of private law, common practices of acquisition, and wealth management in Roman society during the first and second centuries AD with the behavioral patterns elaborated in poetic texts, this article demonstrates that the theme of legacy hunting was not a mere literarytopos, but a scenario based on models of gender and age in addition to the values associated with them. Unmarried and childless women of the elite could be depicted as very wealthy and powerful due to their ability to establish personal relationships through the transmission of their wealth. Martial’s perception of the modes of communication and interaction between female testari-ces and male legacy hunters are interpreted as reflections of male experiences of belittlement.
“In the Absence of Males”
Authors: Steinberg Sylvie
Published: February 2017

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, aristocratic daughters inherited fiefs in the absence of a male heir. Over the course of the seventeenth century, however, royal decisions and jurisprudence increasingly limited this possibility, imposing masculinity as the primary—though not exclusive—criteria for inheritance. This article explores the legal debates that accompanied this evolution, highlighting a number of changes within the French nobility of this period that reveal a new conception of gender relations. The growing importance of the notion of service, changes to the procedure for proving one’s nobility, and the desire for greater exclusivity within the nobility all reveal how gender was no longer defined in relation to the place and role each individual occupied within the ancestral line or family. Instead, gender assumed an unchanging identity, which, much like nobility itself, was considered inherent to the individual.
“French Europe,” A Form of Cultural Domination?
Authors: Markovits Rahul
Published: February 2017

Through the study of chancellor Kaunitz’s efforts to bring French theater to Vienna, which was briefly successful first between 1752 and 1765 and later between 1768 and 1772, this article reconsiders the notion of a “French Europe,” whereby French culture dominated eighteenth-century Europe. In traditional diffusionist historiography, the arrow points outward from the center (France) toward the periphery (Europe). Focusing on Vienna, however, offers a different perspective, displacing France as the central hub of action. French theater in Vienna underwent a thorough process of selection and adaptation according to the various purposes it served. Analysis of the situation in Vienna reveals the complex patterns of circulation traced by French actors as they traveled both domestically and across the continent. Instead of analyzing “transnational” literary circulation quantitavely as a mere flow of merchandise, this article advocates an alternative approach, at once pragmatic and contextual, that emphasizes the political decisions that presided over it.
Philology and Racism: On Historicity in the Sciences of Language and Text
Authors: Messling Markus
Published: February 2017

The philological turn in textual scholarship is rooted in the critique of literary theory and the search for objectivity in the understanding of texts. But if the idea of focusing on the immanent structures of texts has been at the origins of modern philology, problems of meaning and translation produced a surplus during the course of the nineteenth century that can be described in terms of cultural hermeneutics. Thus historical philology emphatically widened its praxis toward cultural understanding. Edward W. Said and followers have explored the implications of this in relation to the constituting of European discursive hegemony. If the return to philology is not to be the nostalgic expression of regret at the ongoing decline of classical scholarship, it must take this past into account. Analyses that have focused on the problem have been driven primarily by the experience of civilizational failure and have elaborated a model of the discursive production of power. But how can philology possibly develop perspectives about its status and praxis within contemporary debates if it continues to neglect the heterogeneity within its own historical discourse? The article sets out to identify and analyze traces of resistance against the imperial cultural model of historical philology.
The Golden Age of the Celtic Aristocracy in the Fourth and Third Centuries BC
Authors: Buchsenschutz Olivier , Gruel Katherine , Lejars Thierry
Published: February 2017

The greatest period of Celtic expansion occurred between the fourth and third centuries BC, with the conquest of new territories on the margins of the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. Historians often underemphasize this period: while the barbarian raids and the rise of mercenary service in the fourth century BC are stressed, colonization is neglected. In addition, Celtic society at that time was radically different from those found in coeval Mediterranean cultures. Imports from the south were much less common than in previous centuries, and attempts at urbanization were abandoned. Celtic society became distinctly rural, with its craft industries, settlement, and sanctuaries dispersed throughout the countryside. Although there were local variations, art and religion assumed original and consistent characteristics. Celtic society was composed of peasants and warriors and dominated by large aristocratic families.
Status epilepticus bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Flügel Dominique
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. Der Status epilepticus, vor allem der konvulsive tonisch-klonische (Grand mal) Status epilepticus, ist ein Notfall, der zu einer sofortigen Behandlung führen muss. Die frühe Behandlung ist effektiver als der spätere Beginn, ebenso wie der Einsatz standardisierter Therapieprotokolle. Nach der Gabe von Benzodiazepinen muss die Aufdosierung eines Antikonvulsivums (Levetiracetam, Valproat oder Phenytoin) erfolgen, um das Wiederauftreten von Anfällen zu verhindern. Beim refraktären Status epilepticus werden die Anästhetika Propofol oder Midazolam (oder Thiopental) vorzugsweise unter EEG-Ableitung mit einem Burst-Suppressions-Muster eingesetzt. Neben der raschen Therapie sollte die Diagnostik nach der Ursache des Status epilepticus nicht vergessen werden. Insbesondere bei Persistenz sollte immer auch die Überprüfung der Diagnose erfolgen, um das Vorliegen eines Pseudostatus nicht-epileptischer Anfälle nicht zu übersehen.
Chemolithotrophic processes in the bacterial communities on the surface of mineral-enriched biochars
Authors: Ye Jun , Joseph Stephen D , Ji Mukan , Nielsen Shaun , Mitchell David R G , Donne Scott , Horvat Joseph , Wang Jianli , Munroe Paul , Thomas Torsten
Published: February 2017

Biochar and mineral-enriched biochar (MEB) have been used as soil amendments to improve soil fertility, sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Such beneficial outcomes could be partially mediated by soil bacteria, however little is known about how they directly interact with biochar or MEB. We therefore analyzed the diversity and functions of bacterial communities on the surfaces of one biochar and two different MEBs after a 140-day incubation in soil. The results show that the biochar and the MEBs harbor distinct bacterial communities to the bulk soil. Communities on biochar and MEBs were dominated by a novel Gammaproteobacterium. Genome reconstruction combined with electron microscopy and high-resolution elemental analysis revealed that the bacterium generates energy from the oxidation of iron that is present on the surface. Two other bacteria belonging to the genus Thiobacillus and a novel group within the Oxalbacteraceae were enriched only on the MEBs and they had the genetic capacity for thiosulfate oxidation. All three surface-enriched bacteria also had the capacity to fix carbon dioxide, either in a potentially strictly autotrophic or mixotrophic manner. Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil.
A functional SNP rs1892901 in FOSL1 is associated with gastric cancer in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Tian Tian , Liu Li , Du Jiangbo , Gu Yayun , Qin Na , Yan Caiwang , Wang Zhaoming , Dai Juncheng , Fan Zhining
Published: February 2017

FOSL1(FOS like antigen 1) is one kind of proto-oncogene, and may play a vital role in carcinogenesis of multiple cancers. However, studies about the relationship between SNPs inFOSL1and gastric cancer are still lacking. Thus, we investigated the association of seven SNPs inFOSL1with gastric cancer using case-control design in a two-stage strategy (Screening stage: 1,140 gastric cancer cases and 1,547 controls; Replication stage: 1,006 cases and 2,273 controls). We found that rs1892901 was significantly associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in additive model (adjusted OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.06–1.47,P = 0.008) in first stage. Following replication results revealed that the relationship between rs1892901 and gastric cancer risk was consistent with our primary results.In silicoanalysis showed that rs1892901 might alter multiple regulatory motifs, disturb protein binding, and affect the expression ofFOSL1and other important gastric cancer-related genes such asEGR1, CHD, EP300, FOS, JUNandFOSL2.Our findings indicated that functional SNP rs1892901 inFOSL1might affect the expression ofFOSL1, and ultimately increase the risk of gastric cancer. Further functional studies and large-scale population studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
The internal anatomy of titanosaur osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Spain is compatible with a role in oogenesis
Authors: Vidal Daniel , Ortega Francisco , Gascó Francisco , Serrano-Martínez Alejandro , Sanz José Luis
Published: February 2017

Dermal armor is one of the most intriguing features of some titanosaurs, the only sauropod dinosaurs that bore osteoderms. Some studies have revealed cavities of varying sizes inside some titanosaur osteoderms, interpreted as the result of bone remodeling for mineral mobilization. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the need for mineral mobilization in titanosaurs. However, rejecting those hypotheses was difficult with hitherto available evidence. The Upper Cretaceous site of Lo Hueco (Cuenca; Spain) has yielded one of the largest titanosaur osteoderm sets available. Observation of pre-existing breakages in the fossils and CT-scanning have revealed a predominant internal channel network for bulb and root osteoderms: most had a very compact spongy bone core, perfused by large longitudinal branching neurovascular canals. Only few osteoderms from the same bed, which was deposited in a single and short event, had areas with low-density spongy bone. This void-like low-density bone is always associated with internal channels. It is also present in osteoderms of different sizes. This scenario is best explained when considering that Lo Hueco titanosaurs might have used their osteoderms as a source of calcium that was mobilized during oogenesis, although other hypotheses cannot be completely ruled out.
An Assessment of the Contrast Sensitivity in Patients with Ametropic and Anisometropic Amblyopia in Achieving the Corrected Visual Acuity of 1.0
Authors: Wang Guipan , Zhao Congling , Ding Qiang , Wang Ping
Published: February 2017

Both visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) are important parameters for measuring visual function. In this research, we investigated the CS of patients with ametropic or anisometropic amblyopia, whose corrected visual acuity (CVA) recovered to 1.0. Fifty-five cases with amblyopia and 22 control cases with a normal visual acuity of 1.0 were enrolled. The CS of the patients whose ametropic amblyopia had recovered to a CVA of 1.0 at 18 cpd spatial frequency was still lower than that of the normal control group under both photopic and scotopic conditions (P = 0.001, 0.025), but there were no significant differences at low- and middle-spatial frequencies. The CS of amblyopic eyes of the patients with anisometropic amblyopia was lower than that of the normal control group at the 18 cpd spatial frequency under photopic conditions (P = 0.005), and at the 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd spatial frequencies under scotopic conditions (P = 0.008, <0.001, 0.004, respectively). The CS between the amblyopic eyes and the sound eyes of patients with anisometropic amblyopia presented significant differences at the 6 cpd, 12 cpd, and 18 cpd spatial frequencies under scotopic conditions (P = 0.025, 0.045, 0.019, respectively). We suggest that amblyopia treatment should involve not only the correction of VA but also the improvement of CS.
On our rapidly shrinking capacity to comply with the planetary boundaries on climate change
Authors: Mathias Jean-Denis , Anderies John M. , Janssen Marco A.
Published: February 2017

The planetary boundary framework constitutes an opportunity for decision makers to define climate policy through the lens of adaptive governance. Here, we use the DICE model to analyze the set of adaptive climate policies that comply with the two planetary boundaries related to climate change: (1) staying below a CO2 concentration of 550 ppm until 2100 and (2) returning to 350 ppm in 2100. Our results enable decision makers to assess the following milestones: (1) a minimum of 33% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2055 in order to stay below 550 ppm by 2100 (this milestone goes up to 46% in the case of delayed policies); and (2) carbon neutrality and the effective implementation of innovative geoengineering technologies (10% negative emissions) before 2060 in order to return to 350 ppm in 2100, under the assumption of getting out of the baseline scenario without delay. Finally, we emphasize the need to use adaptive path-based approach instead of single point target for climate policy design.
Novel benzoxazole derivatives DCPAB and HPAB attenuate Th1 cell-mediated inflammation through T-bet suppression
Authors: Oh Yeon Ji , Kim Darong , Oh Sera , Jang Eun Jung , Won Hee Yeon , Jeong Hana , Jeong Mi Gyeong , Choo Hea-Young Park , Hwang Eun Sook
Published: February 2017

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a critical inflammatory cytokine, is primarily produced by T helper 1 (Th1) cells and accelerates the pathogenesis of inflammatory colitis. Pharmacological suppression of IFN-γ production attenuates dysregulated inflammatory responses and may be beneficial for treating inflammatory disease. In this study, we aimed to discover potent anti-inflammatory compounds that suppress IFN-γ production and found that the novel benzoxazole derivatives, 2-((3,4-dichlorophenyl) amino) benzo[d]xazol-5-ol (DCPAB) and 2-((3,4-hydroxyphenyl) amino) benzo[d]xazol-5-ol (HPAB), suppressed IFN-γ production by T cells. Treatment of CD4+ T cells with DCPAB and HPAB selectively inhibited Th1 cell development, and DCPAB more potently suppressed IFN-γ than HPAB did. Interestingly, DCPAB and HPAB significantly suppressed the expression of T-box containing protein expressed in T cells (T-bet) that activates IFN-γ gene transcription. DCPAB additionally suppressed transcriptional activity of T-bet on IFN-γ gene promoter, whereas HPAB had no effect on T-bet activity. IFN-γ suppressive activity of DCPAB and HPAB was impaired in the absence of T-bet but was retrieved by the restoration of T-bet in T-bet-deficient T cells. Furthermore, DCPAB and HPAB attenuated inflammatory colitis development that was induced by CD4+ T cells in vivo. We suggest that the novel benzoxazole derivatives, DCPAB and HPAB, may have therapeutic effects on inflammatory colitis.
Chloroquine inhibits human CD4+ T-cell activation by AP-1 signaling modulation
Authors: Schmidt Ralf L. J. , Jutz Sabrina , Goldhahn Katrin , Witzeneder Nadine , Gerner Marlene C. , Trapin Doris , Greiner Georg , Hoermann Gregor , Steiner Guenter , Pickl Winfried F. , Burgmann Heinz , Steinberger Peter , Ratzinger Franz , Schmetterer Klaus G.
Published: February 2017

Chloroquine (CQ) is widely used as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic for rheumatic diseases. Although its modes of action on the innate immune system are well described, there is still insufficient knowledge about its direct effects on the adaptive immune system. Thus, we evaluated the influence of CQ on activation parameters of human CD4+T-cells. CQ directly suppressed proliferation, metabolic activity and cytokine secretion of T-cells following anti-CD3/anti-CD28 activation. In contrast, CQ showed no effect on up-regulation of T-cell activation markers. CQ inhibited activation of all T helper cell subsets, although IL-4 and IL-13 secretion by Th2 cells were less influenced compared to other Th-specific cytokines. Up to 10 μM, CQ did not reduce cell viability, suggesting specific suppressive effects on T-cells. These properties of CQ were fully reversible in re-stimulation experiments. Analyses of intracellular signaling showed that CQ specifically inhibited autophagic flux and additionally activation of AP-1 by reducing phosphorylation of c-JUN. This effect was mediated by inhibition of JNK catalytic activity. In summary, we characterized selective and reversible immunomodulatory effects of CQ on human CD4+T-cells. These findings provide new insights into the biological actions of JNK/AP-1 signaling in T-cells and may help to expand the therapeutic spectrum of CQ.
Cytoprotective effects of mild plasma-activated medium against oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Horiba Minori , Kamiya Tetsuro , Hara Hirokazu , Adachi Tetsuo
Published: February 2017

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) has recently been applied to living cells and tissues and has emerged as a novel technology for medical applications. NTAPP affects cells not only directly, but also indirectly with previously prepared plasma-activated medium (PAM). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the preconditioning effects of “mild PAM” which was prepared under relatively mild conditions, on fibroblasts against cellular injury generated by a high dose of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We observed the preconditioning effects of mild PAM containing approximately 50 μM H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide needs to be the main active species in mild PAM for it to exert preconditioning effects because the addition of catalase to mild PAM eliminated these effects. The nuclear translocation and recruitment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to antioxidant response elements (ARE) in heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) promoters and the up-regulation of HO-1 were detected in fibroblasts treated with mild PAM. The addition of ZnPP, a HO-1-specific inhibitor, or the knockdown of Nrf2 completely abrogated the preconditioning effects. Our results demonstrate that mild PAM protects fibroblasts from oxidative stress by up-regulating HO-1, and the H2O2-induced activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway needs to be involved in this reaction.
Three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold for controlled non-viral drug/gene delivery to direct axon regeneration in spinal cord injury treatment
Authors: Nguyen Lan Huong , Gao Mingyong , Lin Junquan , Wu Wutian , Wang Jun , Chew Sing Yian
Published: February 2017

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) often lead to persistent neurological dysfunction due to failure in axon regeneration. Unfortunately, currently established treatments, such as direct drug administration, do not effectively treat SCI due to rapid drug clearance from our bodies. Here, we introduce a three-dimensional aligned nanofibers-hydrogel scaffold as a bio-functionalized platform to provide sustained non-viral delivery of proteins and nucleic acid therapeutics (small non-coding RNAs), along with synergistic contact guidance for nerve injury treatment. A hemi-incision model at cervical level 5 in the rat spinal cord was chosen to evaluate the efficacy of this scaffold design. Specifically, aligned axon regeneration was observed as early as one week post-injury. In addition, no excessive inflammatory response and scar tissue formation was triggered. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of our scaffold for neural tissue engineering applications.
Genome-wide analysis of auxin transport genes identifies the hormone responsive patterns associated with leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Gao Li-wei , Lyu Shan-wu , Tang Jun , Zhou Dao-yun , Bonnema Guusje , Xiao Dong , Hou Xi-lin , Zhang Chang-wei
Published: February 2017

Auxin resistant 1/like aux1 (AUX/LAX), pin-formed (PIN) and ATP binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB/MDR/PGP) are three families of auxin transport genes. The development-related functions of the influx and efflux carriers have been well studied and characterized in model plants. However, there is scant information regarding the functions of auxin genes in Chinese cabbage and the responses of exogenous polar auxin transport inhibitors (PATIs). We conducted a whole-genome annotation and a bioinformatics analysis of BrAUX/LAX, BrPIN, and BrPGP genes in Chinese cabbage. By analyzing the expression patterns at several developmental stages in the formation of heading leaves, we found that most auxin-associate genes were expressed throughout the entire process of leafy head formation, suggesting that these genes played important roles in the development of heads. UPLC was used to detect the distinct and uneven distribution of auxin in various segments of the leafy head and in response to PATI treatment, indicated that the formation of the leafy head depends on polar auxin transport and the uneven distribution of auxin in leaves. This study provides new insight into auxin polar transporters and the possible roles of the BrLAX, BrPIN and BrPGP genes in leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage.
Brain volumetric and metabolic correlates of electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a longitudinal neuroimaging study
Authors: Cano M , Martínez-Zalacaín I , Bernabéu-Sanz Á , Contreras-Rodríguez O , Hernández-Ribas R , Via E , de Arriba-Arnau A , Gálvez V , Urretavizcaya M , Pujol J , Menchón J M , Cardoner N , Soriano-Mas C
Published: February 2017

Recent research suggests that neuroplastic and neuroinflammatory changes may account for the mode of action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), although extant data do not allow for a clear disambiguation between these two hypotheses. Multimodal neuroimaging approaches (for example, combining structural and metabolic information) may help in clarifying this issue. Here we aimed to assess longitudinal changes in (i) regional gray matter (GM) volumes and (ii) hippocampal metabolite concentrations throughout an acute course of bitemporal ECT, as well as (iii) to determine the association between imaging changes and clinical improvement. We assessed 12 patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at four time points (pre-treatment, after the first ECT session, after the ninth ECT session and 15 days after ECT course completion) and 10 healthy participants at two time points, 5 weeks apart. Patients with TRD showed bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex volume increases. Left MTL volume increase was associated with (i) a hippocampal N-acetylaspartate concentration decrease, (ii) a hippocampal Glutamate+Glutamine concentration increase and (iii) significant clinical improvement. The observed findings are, in part, compatible with both neuroplastic and neuroinflammatory changes induced by ECT. We postulate that such phenomena may be interrelated, therefore reconciling the neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory hypotheses of ECT action.
Inflammation and the neural diathesis-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia: a reconceptualization
Authors: Howes O D , McCutcheon R
Published: February 2017

An interaction between external stressors and intrinsic vulnerability is one of the longest standing pathoaetiological explanations for schizophrenia. However, novel lines of evidence from genetics, preclinical studies, epidemiology and imaging have shed new light on the mechanisms that may underlie this, implicating microglia as a key potential mediator. Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system. They have a central role in the inflammatory response, and are also involved in synaptic pruning and neuronal remodeling. In addition to immune and traumatic stimuli, microglial activation occurs in response to psychosocial stress. Activation of microglia perinatally may make them vulnerable to subsequent overactivation by stressors experienced in later life. Recent advances in genetics have shown that variations in the complement system are associated with schizophrenia, and this system has been shown to regulate microglial synaptic pruning. This suggests a mechanism via which genetic and environmental influences may act synergistically and lead to pathological microglial activation. Microglial overactivation may lead to excessive synaptic pruning and loss of cortical gray matter. Microglial mediated damage to stress-sensitive regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may lead directly to cognitive and negative symptoms, and account for a number of the structural brain changes associated with the disorder. Loss of cortical control may also lead to disinhibition of subcortical dopamine—thereby leading to positive psychotic symptoms. We review the preclinical and in vivo evidence for this model and consider the implications this has for treatment, and future directions.
Pushing CO2-philic membrane performance to the limit by designing semi-interpenetrating networks (SIPN) for sustainable CO2 separations
Authors: Jiang Xu , Li Songwei , Shao Lu
Published: February 2017

Semi-interpenetrating network (SIPN) membranes with unprecedentedly high CO2 permeability were designed and synthesized through one-step, UV-induced radical polymerization.
Molecular mechanisms of maize seedling response to La2O3 NP exposure: water uptake, aquaporin gene expression and signal transduction
Authors: Yue Le , Ma Chuanxin , Zhan Xinhua , White Jason C. , Xing Baoshan
Published: February 2017

We investigated the relative expressions of aquaporin genes and the levels of abscisic acid in maize upon exposure to La2O3 NPs.
Urinary metabolic signatures and early triage of acute radiation exposure in rat model
Authors: Zhao Mingxiao , Lau Kim KT , Zhou Xian , Wu Jianfang , Yang Jun , Wang Chang
Published: February 2017

Non-linear KPLS score plot based on the panel of potential biomarkers for radiation exposure.
Self-branched α-MnO2/δ-MnO2 heterojunction nanowires with enhanced pseudocapacitance
Authors: Zhu Changrong , Yang Lu , Seo Joon Kyo , Zhang Xiao , Wang Shen , Shin JaeWook , Chao Dongliang , Zhang Hua , Meng Ying Shirley , Fan Hong Jin
Published: February 2017

For the first time two phase MnO2 nanostructures are constructed into core-branch arrays which deliver high pseudocapacitance.
Synthesis, crystal and electronic structures, and physical properties of a new quaternary phosphide Ba4Mg2+δCu12−δP10(0 < δ < 2)
Authors: Wang Jian , Mazzetti Joseph , Kovnir Kirill
Published: February 2017

A new quaternary phosphide composed of a Cu–Mg–P framework hosting Ba and Mg cations is synthesized and characterized.
Heteronuclear assembly of Ni–Cu dithiolato complexes: synthesis, structures, and reactivity studies
Authors: Chu Xiaoxiao , Xu Xin , Su Hao , Raje Sakthi , Angamuthu Raja , Tung Chen-Ho , Wang Wenguang
Published: February 2017

A mild route was discovered to synthesize heterometallic [NiIICuI] complexes featuring square-planar Ni(ii) and distorted tetrahedral Cu(i).
Mechanisms of neptunium redox reactions in nitric acid solutions
Authors: Chatterjee Sayandev , Bryan Samuel A. , Casella Amanda J. , Peterson James M. , Levitskaia Tatiana G.
Published: February 2017

This work explores the mechanisms of inter-conversions among the various oxidation states of neptunium in aqueous HNO3, and the effect of HNO3on their electronic structures.
Phase-separation induced hollow/porous carbon nanofibers containing in situ generated ultrafine SnOx as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yuan , Yan Xiaodong , Lan Jinle , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping , Lin Yuanhua
Published: February 2017

SnOx-embedded hollow/porous carbon nanofibers are designed by using a phase-separation mechanism, and exhibit excellent lithium-storage properties.
Metal-free C5-selective halogenation of quinolines under aqueous conditions
Authors: Chen Jichao , Wang Tianyu , Liu Yanpeng , Wang Tong , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan , Xu Jinyi
Published: February 2017

An efficient and convenient method of C5-selective halogenation of quinoline derivatives was developed.
The impact of interplay between electronic and steric effects on the synthesis and the linear and non-linear optical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole bearing benzofuran moieties
Authors: Purc Anna , Koszarna Beata , Iachina Irina , Friese Daniel H. , Tasior Mariusz , Sobczyk Krzysztof , Pędziński Tomasz , Brewer Jonathan , Gryko Daniel T.
Published: February 2017

Benzofuran has been proven to be the versatile substituent for tuning the optics of diketopyrrolopyrroles.
Wound dressing application of pH-sensitive carbon dots/chitosan hydrogel
Authors: Omidi Meisam , Yadegari Amir , Tayebi Lobat
Published: February 2017

Monitoring the pH of wounds as an essential diagnosis factor during the healing process.
Sucrose modulates insulin amyloid-like fibril formation: effect on the aggregation mechanism and fibril morphology
Authors: Marasini Carlotta , Foderà Vito , Vestergaard Bente
Published: February 2017

Sucrose modifies the human insulin fibrillation pathways, affecting the fibril morphology.
Solution-processed Au–Ag core–shell nanoparticle-decorated yarns for human motion monitoring
Authors: Park Hyung Ju , Kim Wan-Joong , Ah Chil Seong , Jun Yongseok , Yun Yong Ju
Published: February 2017

Wearable strain sensors based on Au–Ag core–shell nanoparticle decorated yarns were fabricated by a solution-based approach.
Defect-sensitive performance of silicene sheets under uniaxial tension: mechanical properties, electronic structures and failure behavior
Authors: Ding Ning , Wang Huan , Chen Xiangfeng , Lawrence Wu Chi-Man
Published: February 2017

As a silicon analog of graphene, silicene has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physical and chemical properties.
Effects of preparation approaches on optical properties of self-assembled cellulose nanopapers
Authors: Yang Weisheng , Jiao Liang , Min Douyong , Liu Zhulan , Dai Hongqi
Published: February 2017

As a result of the varying degrees of light scattering on surface, nanopapers prepared by filtration and casting present different optical properties.
High-quality CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals for quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Du Xiafang , Wu Guan , Cheng Jian , Dang Hui , Ma Kangzhe , Zhang Ya-Wen , Tan Peng-Feng , Chen Su
Published: February 2017

We synthesized luminescent CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with a high quantum yield and realized patterning and color-purity light-emitting diode applications.
Synthesis and optical and electrochemical memory properties of fluorene–triphenylamine alternating copolymer
Authors: Guo Dechao , Sun Zhiyao , Wang Shuhong , Bai Xuduo , Xu Laidi , Yang Qun , Xin Ying , Zheng Rongrong , Ma Dongge , Zhao Xiaofeng , Wang Cheng
Published: February 2017

A fluorene–triphenylamine copolymer (PF–TPA) was designed and synthesized under Suzuki coupling reaction conditions in this work. It exhibited a typical electrical conductance switching behavior and non-volatile flash memory effects.
Novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor veliparib: biophysical studies on its binding to calf thymus DNA
Authors: Yang Hongqin , Tang Peixiao , Tang Bin , Huang Yanmei , Xiong Xinnuo , Li Hui
Published: February 2017

Veliparib, an new anticancer drug in the class of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, intercalates partially and binds to ctDNA and induces moderate conformational perturbation of the DNA.
Antiviral activity and mechanism of gossypols: effects of the O2˙− production rate and the chirality
Authors: Zhang Bin , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Ziwen , Li Yongqiang , Wang Qingmin
Published: February 2017

(−)-Gossypol displayed an obviously higher antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) than (+)-gossypol, whereas the anti-TMV activity of (−)-gossypol Schiff bases is not significantly higher than (+)-gossypol Schiff bases.
Self-assembly of porous CuO nanospheres decorated on reduced graphene oxide with enhanced lithium storage performance
Authors: Li Gangyong , Jing Mingjun , Chen Zhengu , He Binhong , Zhou Minjie , Hou Zhaohui
Published: February 2017

A Li full cell assembled by porous CuO-NSs/RGO anode and commercial LiFPO4 cathode can light up an LED lamp.
Structural properties, Judd–Ofelt calculations, and near infrared to visible photon up-conversion in Er3+/Yb3+ doped BaTiO3 phosphors under excitation at 1500 nm
Authors: Vega M. , Alemany P. , Martin I. R. , Llanos J.
Published: February 2017

The structural and up-conversion properties of BaTiO3 phosphors doped with Er3+/Yb3+ have been studied.
Acetylcysteine-functionalized microporous conjugated polymers for potential separation of uranium from radioactive effluents
Authors: Han Xiaoli , Xu Meiyun , Yang Sen , Qian Jun , Hua Daoben
Published: February 2017

For the first time, functional microporous conjugated polymers were synthesized for the efficient separation of uranium from simulated radioactive effluents.
A 1,1′-vinylene-fused indacenodithiophene-based low bandgap polymer for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Fan Qunping , Su Wenyan , Guo Xia , Zhang Xi , Xu Zhuo , Guo Bing , Jiang Lang , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang
Published: February 2017

A ladder-type polymer PIDTV-ffBT based on a 1,1′-vinylene-fused indacenodithiophene donor unit and a fluorinated benzothiadiazole acceptor unit was synthesized. The PSCs based on PIDTV-ffBT:PC71BM achieved a PCE of 7.3% with a high Jsc of 17.1 mA cm−2, which is the highest Jsc reported for ladder-type polymer-based PSCs.
Synthesis and bactericidal properties of porphyrins immobilized in a polyacrylamide support: influence of metal complexation on photoactivity
Authors: Spagnul Cinzia , Turner Lauren C. , Giuntini Francesca , Greenman John , Boyle Ross W.
Published: February 2017

Development of three porphyrin immobilised polyacrylamide hydrogels active against Gram negative bacteria to be used as antimicrobial materials.
Solvent-controlled syntheses of mixed-alkali-metal borates exhibiting UV nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Wu Chao , Li Longhua , Song Junling , Yang Gang , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2017

A series of mixed-alkali-metal borates have been solvothermally synthesized by using various solvents.
Ultrasmall few-layered MoS2 nanosheets anchored on flower-like hierarchical carbons as a long-life electrode for lithium storage
Authors: Wang Xiongwei , Zhang Ludan , Wu Peiyi
Published: February 2017

Biomass-based flower-like carbons as the conductive substrate to in situ grow ultrasmall few-layered MoS2 nanosheets for long-life lithium storage.
Immobilization of copper ions on chitosan/cellulose acetate blend hollow fiber membrane for protein adsorption
Authors: Shen S. S. , Yang J. J. , Liu C. X. , Bai R. B.
Published: February 2017

The prepared IMAM (CS/CA-Cu) achieved a high adsorption capacity of 69 mg-BSA per g-membrane.
Cation dependent charge transport in linear dicarboxylate based isotypical 1D coordination polymers
Authors: Ahmed Faruk , Datta Joydeep , Dutta Basudeb , Naskar Kaushik , Sinha Chittaranjan , Alam Seikh Mafiz , Kundu Suman , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: February 2017

Two 1D coordination polymers, [Cd(adc)(4-phpy)2(H2O)2]n (1) and [Zn(adc)(4-phpy)2(H2O)2]n, (2) (H2adc = acetylenedicarboxylic acid and 4-phpy = 4-phenylpyridine) of which Cd(ii) shows better device applicability compared to Zn(ii).
Correction: Therapeutic potential of a synthetic FABP4 inhibitor 8g on atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice: the inhibition of lipid accumulation and inflammation
Authors: Pei Heying , Xie Caifeng , Liu Yibin , Shao Mingfeng , Chen Jinying , Li Dan , Ma Liang , Chen Lijuan
Published: February 2017

Correction for ‘Therapeutic potential of a synthetic FABP4 inhibitor 8g on atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice: the inhibition of lipid accumulation and inflammation’ by Heying Pei et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 52518–52527.
Doping of TiO2as a tool to optimize the water splitting efficiencies of titania–hematite photoanodes
Authors: Primc Darinka , Bärtsch Mario , Barreca Davide , Carraro Giorgio , Maccato Chiara , Sada Cinzia , Niederberger Markus
Published: February 2017

Doping of TiO2enables tailoring of the phase composition, microstructure and topography of titania–hematite photoanodes during annealing, resulting in remarkable photocurrents.
One-pot fabrication of nanoporous polymer decorated materials: from oil-collecting devices to high-efficiency emulsion separation
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Zhaozhu , Wang Mengke , Men Xuehu , Xue Qunji
Published: February 2017

Environmentally friendly porous polymer decorated materials can rapidly separate complex oil–water mixtures including surfactant-stabilized emulsions and collect the oil content simultaneously.
A patterned nanocomposite membrane for high-efficiency healing of diabetic wound
Authors: Li Jinyan , Lv Fang , Xu He , Zhang Yali , Wang Jie , Yi Zhengfang , Yin Jingbo , Chang Jiang , Wu Chengtie
Published: February 2017

A bioactive glass/patterned electrospun membrane (BG/PEM) with uniform nanostructure could stimulate angiogenesis and accelerate diabetic wound healing with high efficiency.
Z‐number‐based negotiation model for determining two‐part transmission tariffs of cross‐regional transmission projects
Authors: Zou Bo , Zhou Ying , Hu Jiahua , Wen Fushuan , Dong Zhao‐Yang , Zheng Yu , Zhang Rui
Published: February 2017

For cross‐regional transmission projects, the two‐part transmission pricing mechanism is suggested so as to promote the sustainable development of cross‐regional electricity trading. In the two‐part transmission pricing mechanism, appropriately determining the capacity charging ratio (CCR) is an important issue not well solved. Given this background, a Z‐number‐based risk‐minimised negotiation model is developed for a transmission company and a power purchaser to achieve an agreeable CCR under incomplete information. The uncertainty distribution of the future annual electricity transmission quantity is first estimated by the Z‐number‐based multiple Z‐valuations; and then, the benefit and risk loss measured by the well‐established conditional value at risk (CVaR) are analysed for the participating two parties. Subsequently, the negotiation model where each negotiator is to minimise its risk loss under a given lowest acceptable benefit constraint and the estimations of the opponent's risk tolerance and negotiation strategy is presented to determine the optimal offer. Finally, the ± 500 kV Xiluodu−Guangdong direct current (DC) transmission project in the southern region of China is employed to demonstrate the basic characteristics of the proposed model.
Decoupled H∞ control of automated vehicular platoons with complex interaction topologies
Authors: Xia Qin , Gao Feng , Duan Jianli , He Yingdong
Published: February 2017

The platooning of automated vehicles has potential to significantly benefit road traffic, while its robust performance is less investigated especially considering increasing complexity of interaction topologies. This study presents a decoupled H∞ control method for automated vehicular platoon to comprehensively compromise multiple performances. The platoon control system is first decomposed into an uncertain part and a diagonal nominal system through the linear transformation, which is motivated by the eigenvalue decomposition of information topology. Based on this almost decoupled system, a distributed H∞ controller is presented, which can balance the performances of robustness and disturbance attenuation ability. Moreover, a numerical method is given to solve and optimise this controller by using linear matrix inequality approach. Several comparative hardware‐in‐loop tests of different communication topologies and controllers have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
Modelling and control of a hybrid power filter to compensate harmonic distortion under unbalanced operation
Authors: Valdez‐Fernandez Andres A. , Escobar Gerardo , Martinez‐Rodriguez Panfilo R. , Sosa Jose M. , Campos‐Delgado Daniel U. , Lopez‐Sanchez Manuel J.
Published: February 2017

This study presents a model‐based controller for a hybrid power filter (HPF) to reduce the current harmonic distortion in a three‐phase system for a general operation case considering unbalanced and distorted source voltages and load currents. The HPF comprises an active power filter (APF) grid connected by means of an LC passive filter. This topology is aimed to reduce the current rating handled by the APF, representing a cost effective solution. The controller design is split into two stages, a first one to control the fundamental component of the system dynamics, and to regulate the DC voltage; and a second stage to compensate the harmonic distortion caused by a non‐linear load. For this, the harmonic compensation scheme forces the injection of the required harmonic current to the point of common coupling. The proposed scheme keeps the very familiar proportional–resonant control structure. The compensation of the load reactive current is left to the passive filter. Experimental and simulation results are presented to exhibit the benefits of the proposed control solution.
Dynamic power flow algorithm considering frequency regulation of wind power generators
Authors: Wang Ruohan , Xie Yuzheng , Zhang Hengxu , Li Changgang , Li Wei , Terzija Vladimir
Published: February 2017

Power flow calculation is a basic tool for power systems operation and control. Considering static frequency regulation characteristics of power systems, dynamic power flow (DPF) gives more precise results of system operation with frequency deviation than conventional power flow. The increasing penetration of wind energy into power grid makes it necessary to take wind power into consideration in DPF calculation. The operational traits and frequency regulation characteristics of major types of wind turbines are discussed, including fixed speed wind turbines and variable speed wind turbines with integrated control strategy combining over‐speed control and droop control. With the primary frequency regulation characteristics of wind turbines, a simplified DPF algorithm is proposed in this study for power systems integrating wind power generation. The IEEE 30‐bus system is modified to verify the proposed method considering different levels of wind power penetration.