bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obstacles et stratégies pour assurer la gestion de la chaine d’approvisionnement pharmaceutique dans les structures de santé
Authors: Lompempe Batuli Georges
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the supply of health products is subject to many constraints, some related to the internal and external environment. The objective of this research was to explore the obstacles encountered by managers in the supply chain and to develop effective strategies to improve the problems faced by managers in the supply chain. Qualitative descriptive research with a phenomenological aim was used to collect the most detailed and in-depth information on the obstacles related to the pharmaceutical supply chain. Our interviews were conducted over a one-month period from August 16 to September 16, 2024 in the Wangata health zone. The respondents were managers involved in the supply chain. 19 semi-directive interviews were conducted after noting the saturation of information among the respondents. The results of our research show that the availability of medicines, financing, inventory management and finally storage locations or warehouses are the real obstacles that the Wangata health zone faces in the pharmaceutical supply chain. It is in this perspective that the study proposed the use of information systems in logistics management, staff training and finally, negotiation based on a partnership with a large supplier as effective strategies to overcome these obstacles. The study evaluated pharmaceutical policies as ineffective due to a low rate of applicability at the level of organizations where medical products are used. The conclusion drawn from this research emphasizes compliance with the standards and pharmaceutical policies of the DRC and the employment of qualified personnel in order to guarantee an interrupted supply of medicines in health facilities.
Contribution à la connaissance de l’ichtyofaune de la rivière Mayi ya Pembe à Kinshasa (R.D. Congo)
Authors: Munganga Kilingwa Clément
Published: December 2024

This study focused on the inventory of fish species populating the Mayi ya Pembe River located in the commune of N'sele in Kinshasa, R.D Congo. Sampling was carried out monthly using hawk and dip nets between May 2020 and June 2021. A total of 558 individuals belonging to 6 orders, 11 families, 15 genera and 16 species were collected. The order Siluriformes with four families (Schilbeidae, Claroteidae, Clariidae and Amphiliidae) is the most represented, followed by the orders Characiformes and Osteoglossiformes with two families each. With four species, including Hemichromis fasciatus, Hemichromis bimaculatus, Tilapia tholloni and Tylochromis sp, the Cichlidae family is the most abundant of the families inventoried. Raiamas buchholzi (124 specimens) is the most abundant species, followed by Hemichromis bimaculatus (60 specimens) and Brycinus longipinus (56 specimens). The river water is slightly acidic (pH between 5.12 and 5.78). Water temperature fluctuates between 29.5°C and 30.85°C, due to the absence of plant cover that exposes it to the sun. Conductivity is very low, and the river is shallower and less turbid (turbidity between 2.5 and 3 ppm), which can affect the attachment of micro-organisms. This research has enabled us to gain a better understanding of the ichthyological richness of the Mayi ya Pembe river, and underlines the vital importance of protecting and conserving this hydrosystem and its fish species.
Artificial Intelligence Creates Plagiarism or Academic Research?
Authors: Kotsis Konstantinos T.
Published: December 2024

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into academic research has sparked a significant discourse surrounding its ethical implications and potential benefits. This paper explores the complex relationship between AI-generated content and academic integrity, highlighting the challenges of the blurring lines between assistance and academic dishonesty. As educational institutions increasingly adopt AI tools, the necessity for scholars and students to reevaluate the boundaries of originality becomes paramount. The ethical considerations surrounding AI in academic writing encompass property, accuracy, and integrity issues, necessitating a commitment to ethical citation practices to uphold scholarly standards. Moreover, while AI can enhance writing quality and streamline research processes, it also raises concerns about unintentional plagiarism and the authenticity of original thought. The reliance on AI tools may lead to derivative outputs, complicating the distinction between genuine creativity and plagiarism. To address these challenges, educational institutions must implement robust training programs that promote the ethical use of AI, ensuring that students can responsibly integrate AI contributions into their work. Case studies demonstrate that when used effectively, AI can augment academic performance and foster deeper engagement with learning materials, illustrating its potential as a valuable educational resource. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a balanced approach that embraces the benefits of AI while maintaining a strong commitment to ethical scholarship, thereby shaping a future where technology enhances rather than undermines academic integrity.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Utilizing Palm Oil as Biofuel for Engines
Authors: Ajayi Samuel Oluwapelumi , Igbinosa Godwin Osariemen , Imarhiagbe Owomano Nosagieagbon , Ajibola Opeyemi Ahmed , Yusuf Maaji , Nwokeke Obinna
Published: December 2024

This study examines the techno-environmental analysis of utilizing palm oil as biofuel for engines. It aims to assess transesterification, pyrolysis, and hydrogenation processes for palm oil based biodiesel production, and evaluate the effect of crude palm oil on the performance of engine and emissions through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The investigation focuses on the influence that palm oil biodiesel has on the performance of engine, emphasizing power and torque output, considering engine speed and biodiesel blend ratio. A sensitivity analysis using relevant research data will illustrate their interaction effects. Additionally, it will examine the potential for additional fuel use due to biodiesel’s reduced energy density. By integrating technical and economic analyses, this work provides insights into the feasibility and palm oil green diesel impact as a fuel alternative for engines. Results showed that SPOP, IPOP, and CPOP reported 18.52%, 33.33%, and 48.15% GHG emission. A comprehensive analysis of GHG emissions data for the three consecutive years 2019, 2020, and 2021 shows that energy sector and industrial processes reported the highest and lowest contributions to the overall emission of GHG respectively. The environmental impact assessment results for different stages of palm oil based biodiesel production reveals that the cultivation stage emits 2,762 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent per functional (epf) unit, the eutrophication stage emits 0.12 kg of phosphorus epf unit, the acidification stage emits 0.06 kg of sulfur dioxide epf unit, and the photochemical oxidation stage emits 0.02 kg of ethylene epf unit. Palm oil biodiesel shows higher heat release rate than diesel suggesting that it is more environmentally friendly and provide more energy per unit of fuel compared to diesel.
An Empirical Study on Enterprise-Wide Governance Practices for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Authors: Giordani John , Zeko Renato
Published: December 2024

This study examines the current state of enterprise-wide governance practices for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) across various industries. A survey of 60 participants reveals insights into how organizations define, manage, and govern AI/ML technologies. Key findings highlight significant progress in establishing governance frameworks while identifying critical gaps that require attention. This paper discusses these findings and provides recommendations for enhancing AI/ML governance practices to ensure ethical, transparent, and effective deployment of AI/ML technologies.
History of Technological Development in Animation till Early Computer Graphics
Authors: Maksudova Donokhon
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research paper is to construct the exact timeline of the development in technology used for animation, beginning at the paleolithic age, and ending with the rise of digital animation. The research paper consists of a number of investigation and research papers on the various sub topics, as well as a look into official documentations published by companies this paper investigates. This paper investigates animation in 3 major sections; Beginning with the early historical trajectory of animation, the pre-film era and finlay the industrialization of animation. The study synthesis the historical progressions.
Selected Teacher Competencies that Can Enhance CBC Implementation in Kenya
Authors: Nyamosi Geoffrey
Published: December 2024

The introduction of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Kenya is replacing a knowledge-oriented and exam-centred curriculum that has defined the country's education system for close to four decades now. This new curriculum stresses skills development and learner-centredness as its most prominent distinguishing philosophy. However, the successful implementation of CBC is contingent upon the competencies of the teachers at the centre of its implementation. This paper sheds light on some of the fundamental competencies that can support teachers' capacities to deliver CBC as envisaged.
Determinants of Risk Management in Small Café Businesses in Battambang, Cambodia: Assessing Financial, Market, Operational, Reputational, and Economic Risks
Authors: Darith Siek , Eav Lim Kim , Kim Kork , Seng Sem , Sanith Pou
Published: December 2024

Small café businesses in Battambang, Cambodia, are flourishing thanks to the city's increasing tourism and the emergence of a middle class with financial freedom. These cafes range from traditional Khmer cafés to modern Western styles. However, they encounter several management risks, especially during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the major risk factors affecting small café businesses in Battambang and analyzes the effectiveness of strategies designed to mitigate these risks. Based on 80 cafés that were selected, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 café owners, covering five key risk areas: financial, market, operational, reputational, and economic. Through surveys and in-depth interviews with café owners, the research aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of the major challenges faced by these businesses and the approaches implemented to address them. The results indicate that market risk is the primary concern for café owners, followed closely by economic risk. Additionally, regression analyses of various risk factors and the quantity of café cups sold highlight several significant factors affecting small café businesses. To achieve the study's objective, the researchers conclude with strategic recommendations aimed at strengthening the risk management frameworks of café businesses in Battambang, thereby ensuring their long-term sustainability in a competitive and unpredictable market.
Provincial Government Intervention in the Development of Flagship Tourism Areas: Strategies and Interpretive Frameworks
Authors: Setiawan Tomi , Samith Muhammad Farras , Mughits Muhammad Hammam
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore the forms of provincial government intervention in the tourism sector, analyses the development of flagship tourism areas, and provide recommendations to ensure sustainable governance in West Java Province, Indonesia. Tourism has an important role in regional economic development, but without good governance, the sector can cause negative social and environmental impacts. The provincial government has a strategic role in managing the tourism sector through policy, strategy, and community engagement. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Both primary and secondary data were used in this research. All data were collected through a series of site surveys, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The results show that the development of flagship tourism areas in West Java Province is planned and developed in an environmentally friendly manner by not depleting or damaging natural and social resources, but is maintained for sustainable use. In addition, the development of this flagship tourism area has been based on the principle of ensuring the sustainability of resources supporting tourism development that is integrated with the natural, and human environment. In conclusion, it can be shown that policies, integrated strategies, and local community involvement are key elements in the success of the intervention. Furthermore, this study contributes to the forms of government intervention in inclusive sustainable tourism development.
Islamic Finance: Principles, Governance, Sustainability and Investment Insights
Authors: Norchaevna Norchaeva Sabrina
Published: December 2024

The concepts, governance frameworks, and contributions of Islamic finance to sustainable development are the main topics of this paper. Shariah law adherence is stressed, and concepts like profit-and-loss sharing, risk-sharing, and the ban on interest (riba) and speculative activity (gharar) are covered. The ethical and asset-backed characteristics of important products, such as Takaful (Islamic insurance) and Sukuk (Islamic bonds), are examined. The article describes how Islamic finance aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting how it affects social responsibility, environmental efforts, and financial inclusivity. With comparisons between centralized and decentralized alternatives in different areas, governance frameworks and obstacles in Shariah-compliant enterprises are discussed. Standardization, openness, and the function of Shariah boards are among the topics discussed. Islamic finance is promoted as a morally sound and long-lasting substitute for traditional financial systems by encouraging equality, collaboration, and social justice.
Promoting Entrepreneurial Culture in the Moroccan Educational System: Initiatives, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Melliani Hamza , Elhissi Youmna
Published: December 2024

This article explores the role of the Moroccan education system in promoting entrepreneurial culture, an essential element in the country's economic and social development. Through an analysis of educational initiatives such as the Regional Entrepreneurship Odysseys and the Izdihar program, the study highlights efforts to raise awareness and train young people, particularly in remote areas, in entrepreneurship. These initiatives offer tailored training and facilitate public-private partnerships to encourage innovation and business creation. Drawing on the concept of the “entrepreneurial university” and a SWOT analysis, the article identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing Moroccan universities in this field. It also addresses the specific challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, who are often confronted with social and financial obstacles. Finally, recommendations are made to reinforce entrepreneurship in school curricula, starting at secondary level, and to introduce mentoring and coaching programs specifically for women. By optimizing collaboration between the public sector, the private sector and higher education establishments, Morocco could establish an inclusive and sustainable entrepreneurial culture, thus contributing to better professional integration for young people and economic empowerment for women.
Using Data Science in Business: A Focus on Uzbekistan
Authors: O‘g‘li Tuychibayev Sanjarbek Akmaljon
Published: December 2024

This article examines the increasing role of Data Science in business, with a focus on Uzbekistan. It discusses the application of key Data Science techniques, such as machine learning, big data analytics, and data visualization, in sectors like banking, telecommunications, and retail. The benefits of Data Science, including market forecasting and risk management, are contrasted with the challenges faced by businesses in Uzbekistan, such as a shortage of skilled professionals and inadequate technological infrastructure. Additionally, successful case studies from both Uzbekistan and international companies are provided to illustrate the practical impact of Data Science. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of Data Science in driving Uzbekistan's digital transformation and improving its business competitiveness. Data Science consists of various methods and tools, including Machine Learning, Big Data Analytics and Data Visualization. These tools collectively enable businesses to extract insights and drive decision-making.
Impact of Organized Educational Programs on Mothers' Knowledge of Preventing Mishaps at Home for Their Children in Urban Bangalore
Authors: Vijayamalar S. , Nanjappan Devi , Malagi Vasantha
Published: December 2024

In a quasi-experimental study, sixty respondents from Kerendahalli answered questions about how organized strategies affect parents' perceptions of keeping their children safe at home. The non-probability purposive sampling method was used to choose the study's sample. To gather information from the participants, the researcher has created a systematic interview schedule. Graphs and charts were used to analyze and visualize the gathered data using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Of the sixty people, fourteen (23.3%) did not know enough to avoid mishaps during the pretest. Prior to intervention, there was a dearth of knowledge regarding the prevention of home accidents among mothers' children; the percentage of mothers who had acceptable and good knowledge on the topic was only 31 (51.7) and 15 (25%), respectively. Nevertheless, according to the post-test results, out of 60 respondents, 21 (35%) had moderate knowledge and 39 (65%) had high knowledge about how to prevent accidents at home for kids. The mean score for total knowledge on the pretest was 16.32 with a standard deviation of 6.62, while the posttest resulted in a mean of 31.02 with a standard deviation of 4.99. It proves the effectiveness of the intervention. Mothers' age, profession, education, and degree of awareness about preventing accidents in children are highly correlated. The study's findings support that. Using a coordinated teaching approach, mothers' awareness of how to avoid accidents at home with their children was enhanced.
Assessing the National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Africa: Policy Formulation, Stakeholder engagement and Implementation Challenges
Authors: Mkhwanazi Thato
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Africa by examining its policy formulation, stakeholder engagement and implementation challenges. The research utilises a document analysis approach, reviewing key policy documents such as the NHI Bill, government reports, stakeholder position papers, academic literature and media coverage to provide a broad understanding of South Africa’s NHI policy and public discourse. Comparative case studies of universal health systems in similar settings, namely; Brazil, Thailand and Ghana offer insights into potential solutions for South Africa’s unique challenges. Using thematic analysis supported by NVivo, the study identifies major themes, including financial sustainability, capacity constraints and stakeholder resistance. Findings show that the NHI has potential for achieving universal health coverage and addressing healthcare inequities in South Africa and similar socio-economic settings, significant issues, such as underfunding, inadequate infrastructure and limited private sector engagement are barriers to successful implementation. Comparative insights highlight the importance of sufficient budget, effective governance and continuous stakeholder consultation. The study concludes that, while South Africa demonstrates strong political commitment to universal health coverage, substantial reforms and strategic coordination are essential for achieving the NHI’s goals, minimising unintended consequences, ensuring a balanced integration of public and private healthcare sectors.
Psychological Correction of Adolescent Aggression
Authors: Stolyarova Polina , Alidjanova Lazizakhon Abbasovna
Published: December 2024

Aggression is any behaviour that contains a threat or causes harm to others. It is aimed at insulting or inflicting pain on another person who does not wish for such treatment. Nowadays, adolescent aggression is a global issue. During adolescence, various types of psychological traumas form, leading to the development of aggression. In adolescence, aggression can pose a serious problem, affecting the psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic performance of teenagers. The psychological correction of aggressive behaviour in adolescents is a crucial aspect of their overall development and adaptation. The modern reality forces us to take a new look at the problem of adolescent aggression in society. Aggressive behaviour today is more of a norm than an exception. Nowadays, boys and girls live in an era of rapid oppression by adults. The characteristics of aggressive behaviour are such that, by encroaching on the emotional sphere of the personality, they contribute to the aggravation of moral dissonance and the formation of stressful depressive states. A troubling symptom is the increase in the number of minors with aggressive behaviour, manifested in antisocial actions (alcoholism, vandalism, drug addiction, disorderly conduct, hooliganism, etc.).
Assessment of Communication Skills Competence for New Graduate Nurses in Babylon Province Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Shammari Moustafa A. , Al-Showaily Jaafar S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Good communication is essential to nursing since it has a direct impact on patient satisfaction, safety, and care. New Graduate Nurses (NGNs), however, frequently find it difficult to acquire these abilities as they enter the workforce. The communication capabilities of NGNs have not been extensively studied in Iraq, particularly in Babylon province.Objective: This investigation directed to assess the communication skills of NGNs in Babylon province, directing on three areas; effective communication, therapeutic relationships, and teamwork. Second, moreover studied how these three skills are affected by demographic characters: (age, gender, and marital status)Methods: Five public hospitals in Babylon province were selected in the cross-sectional survey between March and April 2023, sample of current study were thirty-two NGNs who had graduated in the preceding year. A37-item questionnaire that validated measure competence in communication skills was used for data collection. One-way ANOVA, t-tests, and descriptive statistics were used to examine the data.Results: the new graduated nurses of 81.3% showed great competency in teamwork, approximately 69% bested at building therapeutic relationships with their patients, and = (43.8%) presented good skills in area of effective communication. In each area, female nurses and younger nurses (ages 22–24) achieved improved. Once it approached to therapeutic relationships and effective communication, individual nurses outshined their married colleagues.Conclusion: findings of this study highlight in what way significant it is to recover NGNs' communication skills, very in areas as therapeutic relationships and effective communication. While they exhibited great collaboration capabilities, weaknesses in other of these areas point to the need for concentrating lessons. Developing these critical skills should be the major aim of nursing training and licensed training courses to contribution NGNs in their initial professions and improve care outcomes.
Study of Cognitive Associated with Diabetes Induced by Alloxane Monohydrate in Wistar Rats
Authors: Keletela Jean Idrice Aymar , Loubano-Voumbi Ghislain , Miguel Landry Martial , Tchatchouang Njilo D.G. , Mboungou Malonga Archange Michel Emmanuel , Pouki Freddy Saturnin , Batchy Aladin Atandi , Boumba Luc Magloire Anicet , Abena Ange Antoine
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Untreated diabetes can accelerate brain ageing and increase the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Objective: To assess the cognitive decline associated with alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Material and methods: This study involved 24 Wistar rats weighing between 150 and 300 g. They were divided into three groups: (1) normal rats, (2) untreated diabetic rats and (3) diabetic rats treated with D-erythrodihydrosphingosine (inhibitors of SPK1 and SPK2). The rats were given glucose and food overnight to prevent hypoglycaemia. Behavioural experiments were carried out using object recognition and radial arm maze tests. Results: Behavioural analysis revealed significant differences in the time spent exploring familiar and novel objects in the rats. The study also assessed the cognitive impact of diabetes by evaluating spatial learning in an eight-branch radial maze. The results showed that diabetes affects working memory and that SPK1 and 2 inhibitors do not improve it in diabetic rats. Conclusion Our results show that diabetes induces an alteration in working memory and spatial learning difficulties.
The Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Mechanistic Insights, Clinical Implications, and Public Health Strategies
Authors: Kerna Nicholas A. , Ngwu Dabeluchi C. , Keke Chukwuemeka O. , Pruitt Kevin D. , Olaniru Frank O. , Jomsky Breanna M. , Nwafor Bafford N. , Carsrud N.D. Victor , Flores John V. , Holets Hilary M. , McKee Devin , Anderson II Joseph
Published: December 2024

The integration of gut microbiota research into the understanding and treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders has profound implications for both clinical practice and public health. The microbial community’s influence on neural development through mechanisms such as microbial metabolites, immune regulation, and gene expression underscores the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As research continues to unravel the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and brain function, innovative therapeutic interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, hold potential to improve symptoms and outcomes. However, the safety and long-term effectiveness of these therapies remain critical areas for future investigation. Advances in diagnostic tools and personalized medicine, which incorporate microbial biomarkers, offer exciting prospects for early detection and tailored treatments, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for translating these findings into practical solutions that address the underlying mechanisms of these complex disorders. This review highlights the critical role of gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders, emphasizing the importance of microbial metabolites, immune regulation, and genetic interactions in shaping brain development.
Motivation and Anxiety as Predictors of Students’ Academic Achievement in Junior Secondary School in Basic Science in Ekiti State
Authors: Oniya Toluwa , Adefila Oluwafunmilola Mary , Orire Olufemi Mathew , Oniya Veronica Oluseun
Published: December 2024

This study investigated motivation and anxiety as predictors of students’ academic achievement in junior secondary school in Basic Science in Ekiti State. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between students’ anxiety and motivation on academic performance in Basic Science. Also to investigate the the level of secondary school students’ academic achievement in Basic Science in Ekiti State. The study adopted descriptive survey and expo-facto research design. The targeted population for the study consisted all the 16,256 Junior Secondary Schools (JSS) three students in all 209 public secondary schools across the 16 Local Government Areas of Ekiti State as at the time of the study and the sample for the study consisted of 240 JSS 3 students selected from the three Senatorial Districts of Ekiti State using multistage sampling procedure. Two instruments titled; "Students' Variables Questionnaire (SVQ)" and "Inventory on Junior Secondary School Certificate Examination (IJSSCE)" were used for collection of data for the study. Face and content validities of SVQ was ensured through experts in Tests and Measurement, Science Education and Psychology. Test-retest method was used to establish reliability coefficient of 0.89 for SVQ. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, research question was analysed using frequency count and percentage, hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the analysis showed that the level of secondary school students’ academic performance in Basic Science in Ekiti State was moderate and that there was significant relationship between both students’ anxiety and motivation on academic performance in Basic Science. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that Students’ variables such as anxiety and motivation were important factors that influence academic performance in Basic Science. It was therefore recommended that Basic Science teaching stake holders should raise public awareness of the crippling influence of anxiety and motivation on students' academic performance in Basic Science, school counsellors should work with the Ministry of Education to develop and implement public education programmes.
Factors of Tax Evasion in Laghman Province, Mihterlam City
Authors: Hazrati Ihsanullah , Ahmadzai Asadullah , Oriakhail Waisulhadi , Niazai Mohammad Fahim
Published: December 2024

This study explores the causes of tax evasion in the Mihterlam City, Laghman province. The study aims to identify the factors contributing to tax evasion, highlight the most significant ones, and differentiate between those that increase or decrease evasion. This qualitative descriptive research involved interviews with 19 businessmen from Mihterlam city. The interview questions reviewed for accuracy by Laghman University’s Scientific Research Committee. The study identified seven key factors influencing tax evasion: high tax rates, public awareness of taxes, income levels of businesses, administrative corruption, and literacy levels of business owners, the behavior of tax collectors, and the use of technology in tax collection. High tax rates, corruption, poor behavior of tax collectors, and income levels were found to directly increase tax evasion. Conversely, greater public awareness, higher literacy levels, and the use of advanced technology in tax collection were found to indirectly reduce tax evasion.
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Plastic Waste Incineration: A Case Study of Freetown, Sierra Leone
Authors: Bangura David , Azizi Mohammad Imran
Published: December 2024

The environmental impact of plastic waste incineration, particularly its detrimental effects on public health and local ecosystems, is explored within the context of Freetown, Sierra Leone. The amount of plastic waste has increased significantly due to rapid urbanization and poor waste management infrastructure, with city authorities adopting incineration as a major means of disposal. Although this technique minimizes waste volume, it emits harmful gases such as airborne particles (PM2.5), carbon monoxide, dioxins, and volatile organic compounds which greatly reduce air quality and are severely harmful to residents' health; respiratory diseases; etc. It adopts a mixed-methods approach, involving both extensive literature reviews and on-field pollution testing to examine the effects of pollution on personal health. 
Results show alarming levels of (PM2.5) above World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, as well as elevated dioxin concentrations, demonstrate significant health hazards for the local population. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the contamination of soil and water with heavy metals resulting from incineration processes, which pose additional threats to agricultural productivity and human well-being. 
The findings highlight an immediate need for sustainable waste management approaches at the local, regional, or national levels focusing on better recycling, public health interventions, and strong policy measures frameworks. This is why such measures are needed to reduce the impact of burning plastic on people and the environment in Freetown. In conclusion, this study further dissects the intricate balance between waste handling methods and environmental well-being in urban areas, calling for urgent measures to tackle these critical issues.
Shotberry Phenomenon in Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.): A Review
Authors: Salih Shvan Ramzi , Salih Fakhraddin Mustafa Hama , Noori Ibrahim Maaroof
Published: December 2024

Shotberry olive fruits are those of small, usually seedless which express quantitative parthenocarpy. They either fall before harvest or when harvested, they will be of a low commercial value. Consequently, the increased occurrence of shotberries has a negative effect on fruit and oil contents and can extremely affect the commercial yield of olive orchards. Researchers have proposed that temperature, low pollen viability, self-pollination, or deprived pollination in general promote shotberry formation in olive trees. It is observed that the onset of parthenocarpic (shotberry) phenomenon is a growth occurred in olive which is accompanied by the expansion of all four ovules, in contrast to the selection and growth of a single functional ovule in normal fertilized ovaries. However, abnormal ovule development, such as incomplete embryo sac formation, is not appeared to be a cause of shotberry formation. Furthermore, low or high temperatures, depending on the growing region, may play a role in shotberry formation. Besides, self- and cross-pollination alter the ratio of seedless fruit bearing in most varieties, and cross-pollination is known to improve seeded fruit set and reduce the incidence of worthless shotberries. The olive yield produced from shotberries is caused by self-incompatibility and/or inter-incompatibility, which indicates that pollination is insufficient in the olive orchard. Some varieties show different fruit sizes that produced from fertilized flowers and shotberries. It is also clearly observed that the sole spray application of Boron (B) or its combination with nitrogen (N) significantly decrease shotberry fruits and the level of fruit abscission; however, zinc (Zn) may also play a role in decreasing shotberry at a certain concentration. Furthermore, when polyamines (PAs) such as putrescine (Put) were applied at full bloom, they were very effective in decreasing the percentage of olive shotberries and increasing the percentage of normal fruits. This review describes some olive shotberry aspects and reasons.
Robins as indicators of lead pollution: Study findings – WOODTV
Authors: Frey Erzsebet
Published: December 2024

Robins as Indicators of Lead Pollution: Study Findings

The world of ornithology has always been a fascinating domain, and recent research has shed light on how robins, those familiar feathered friends, can play a critical role in identifying lead pollution levels. This insightful study brings to the forefront intriguing findings that could revolutionize our understanding of environmental monitoring and conservation.
Aplicações práticas de Sistemas Embarcados para a Conservação de Ecossistemas Marinhos
Authors: Da Cruz dos Anjos Uinnie Paula , Dos Santos Rosendo Danille , De Santana Iramaia
Published: December 2024

Os sistemas embarcados fornecem uma variedade abrangente de informações que contribuem para a observação, preservação e administração dos ambientes marinhos. A integração dessas tecnologias com métodos de sensoriamento, coleta e análise de dados capacita pesquisadores, conservacionistas e responsáveis pela gestão ambiental ao aprimorar sua compreensão na salvaguarda dos ecossistemas marinhos de forma mais eficiente. Ademais, ao fornecer informações precisas e em tempo real sobre o estado dos ecossistemas, os sistemas embarcados permitem uma gestão mais eficiente e adaptativa dos recursos naturais. Isso possibilita a implementação de estratégias de conservação direcionadas e baseadas em evidências, contribuindo para a proteção da biodiversidade marinha, a manutenção da saúde dos mares e a promoção da sustentabilidade ambiental. Este artigo explora o uso de sistemas embarcados como ferramentas para a conservação dos ecossistemas marinhos, com foco no monitoramento ambiental e na gestão sustentável dos recursos, com base em uma revisão bibliográfica, investigando o potencial dos sistemas embarcados como ferramentas de conservação em ecossistemas marinhos. Foram realizadas leituras de artigos científicos e análises de projetos voltados para o monitoramento ambiental e a gestão sustentável de recursos marinhos. Os resultados indicam uma ferramenta promissora para a conservação ambiental. Sua capacidade de coleta e análise de dados em tempo real facilita respostas rápidas a eventos críticos e apoia estratégias de preservação baseadas em evidências. Dessa forma, essas tecnologias surgem como indispensáveis para a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas marinhos facilitando a identificação dessas alterações e fornecendo subsídios para estratégias de conservação adaptativas.
The influence of ambient conditions on a person's socio-political maturation: Example of the blessed Muhammad: A citizen of the world par excellence
Authors: Dizdarević Bajram , Efendić Davud
Published: December 2024

In the paper, we plan to examine how different ambient conditions and social conditioning affect a person's socio-political maturation in layers, to such an extent that sometimes the mentioned maturations are not only not identical, but almost not even congenial. The very presence of God's chosen ones in the cities says a lot - it is about their desire to influence the main cultural and intellectual flow, and from there later cover all the points on the geographical circle, so that the message they want to send reaches everyone as easily as possible. Of course, this is an indicator of their concern and not at all a pathological striving for supremacy. Again, since the blessed Muhammad spent the first years of his life in the desert regions, he, in a certain sense, represents the success of both identity cores, which will influence his later clarity of verbal expression, clarity of thought, but also the cultural breadth that is capable of dealing with all human divergence, and to direct it appropriately. The mentioned orientation has nothing to do with the dominantly established Muslim perception of shepherding, which is completely depersonalized (the equivalent of shepherding in the political context would be "Mahdianism"), since the future aspect is indispensable in Muhammad's, blessed be he, action, which led later to the formation of strong institutional model within the Muslim Ummah.
Digital transformation of healthcare in Serbia: The importance of digital health literacy
Authors: Vujković Branko , Srećković Marijana , Pajičić Ana , Jović-Vraneš Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

The digital transformation of the healthcare system in Serbia brings numerous advantages, including more effective communication between patients and healthcare workers, better access to healthcare information and improvement of preventive and therapeutic services. However, the level of digital health literacy among primary healthcare users remains the key challenge. This paper highlighted the most important results of studies conducted in the Mačva District, which, after translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ), also examined the level of digital health literacy of users of primary health care services in the Mačva District. The results highlight the need for education of different demographic groups, especially senior and less educated users, as well as users from rural areas. Finally, recommendations are given for the improvement of digital health literacy so as to ensure equitable use of digital health services.
Medicaton shortages: The Serbian experience
Authors: Jaćović-Knežević Nataša , Atanasijević Dragana
Published: December 2024

Medication shortage represents a situation in which the supply of a medicinal product that is authorised and placed on the market in a Member State does not meet demand for that medicinal product at a national level, whatever the cause (EU Regulation 2022/123). In Europe, medication shortage shows a growing trend and has an enormous impact on patients. Medication shortage occurs at all levels of healthcare and includes both essential life-saving medication, as well as medication used in broad application in numerous population groups. Medication shortage can be caused by economic, manufacturing/technical, or regulatory reasons. A regulatory framework assessment was performed in our country as a measure to respond to these challenges and increase preparedness for future events. With the amendments to several regulations, the Institute of Public Health of Serbia (NIPH) has been charged with proposing import for the needs of centralized public procurement for medication affected by shortages. A pharmacoepidemiologic analysis was performed using data of the Department for Health Technology Assessment on proposals for the import of medication affected by shortages in the period from September 2023 to mid-November 2024, aimed at gaining a comprehensive view of the type and quantity of medications affected by shortages, so as to further monitor and ensure conditions for better planning of continued medication supply, which would indirectly affect the improvement of healthcare quality. In the observed period, 30 medications were imported in line with this regulation. Most of these medications were anti-infectives (Benzylpenicillin, Tobramycin, Rifampicin, Acyclovir) and neuroactive medication: antipsychotics Fluphenazine, Lithium, followed by Disulfiram, used in treating alcoholism and Paracetamol as analgesic-antipyretic. Medications that act on the respiratory system include Fluticasone and adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics (Salbutamol, Ipratropium bromide). Zoledronic acid, as a medication that affects bone structure and mineralization, Pemetrexed as an antineoplastic, as well as antihemorrhagics Tranexamic acid and Phytomenadione. The causes of medication shortage are varied and multifactorial, making this analysis important for future steps in supply, together with constant monitoring and analysis of factors that enable continuous provision of healthcare, defining the modality of activities as well as priorities, and calculating the impact on the resources of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF).
Public health importance of injury and poisoning
Authors: Karadinović Maja , Mladenović Dragica , Pokimica Slavica , Ilić Sanja , Erić Radomir , Veljović Mirjana , Joković Suzana , Marković Marija , Andrić Dragana
Published: December 2024

The global societal burden of injuries and poisonings represents a major challenge for society and requires urgent and comprehensive measures. Injuries and poisoning are serious problems of the modern society on the global scale. Trauma and injuries have become increasingly common problems faced by the contemporary society, posing a serious threat to the lives and health of people around the world. Poisoning poses a serious risk to public health, with various causes such as poisoning with food, chemicals, medication or drugs. Many injuries could be prevented, which emphasizes the importance of investing in preventive measures, educating the public and performing research that would allow for a better understanding of how injuries occur and how they can be avoided. Considering the wide range of risk factors and global consequences of societal burden, it is clear that injuries are a public health problem that requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to prevention and management. Strategies must include strict implementation of regulations, safety awareness raising, improving healthcare services for acute and long-term treatment, as well as continuous research to improve intervention procedures and rehabilitation techniques. Comprehensive work in this field will not only save lives and decrease disabilities, but also has the potential to transform entire communities, improving their socioeconomic status and quality of life. This topic does not only cover health challenges, but also moral and economic aspects that can have lasting effects on the society as a whole.
A retrospective study on road traffic injuries in the Republic of Serbia during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Medarević Aleksandar , Boričić Katarina , Arnaut Filip
Published: December 2024

This study examined the occurrence and characteristics of road traffic incidents (RTIs) in Serbia during the lockdown period in April 2020. Statistical analysis utilized public data from the National Traffic Safety Agency of Serbia, the Bureau of Statistics, and Johns Hopkins University. In 2020, there was a general decline in the total number of non-fatally and fatally injured when compared to the preceding year by 15.5% and 8%, respectively. The greatest decrease was noted in April, which was the period of the most stringent lockdown measures. The number of non-fatally and fatally injured persons was 55% and 49% lower compared to the same month in 2019. The largest decrease in the number of injuries in both categories during April was recorded during the closing period from 8 pm to 4 am and on weekends.
"All places equally estranged": A comparative reading of Veljko Milićević's The Pathless Land and Dinko Šimunović's The Stranger
Authors: Todorović Sofija
Published: December 2024

The paper comparatively examines two South Slavonic modernist novels, Dinko Šimunović's (1873-1933) The Stranger (Tuđinac, 1911) and Veljko Milićević's (1886-1929) The Pathless Land (Bespuće, 1912), with an emphasis on different manifestations of the phenomenon of alienation. A special attention is paid to the analysis of the novels' specifically shaped, estranged protagonists, Milićević's Gavre and Šimunović's Stanko. These existentially "homeless", resigned melancholics are characterized by a particular kind of uprootedness: they cannot determine themselves, neither in relation to their native soil (which remains factual, but not emotional "homeland"), nor in relation to any other place, or any other aspect of life that could potentially gain satisfaction and a sense of belonging. Firstly, interpersonal relationships and love (Made in The Stranger and Irena in The Pathless Land) prove to be insufficient to overcome the feeling of estrangement; secondly, the protagonists are alienated from their own memories and personal history; and, finally, in the case of The Stranger, the weak will of the aesthetically sensitive protagonist prevents him from creatively producing his intuitive artistic ideas. The novels' endings with the "self-exile" to America form a kind of circular structure, leaving the protagonists with the same feeling of detachment. Through a parallel analysis of the indicated semantic layers, the aim of the paper is to offer the possibility of a comparative reading of the novels The Pathless Land and The Stranger and to point out the similarities and peculiarities of the modernist treatment of the uprooted protagonist in the South Slavonic literary context.