bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyse des coûts par type d’intervention chirurgicale au Centre de Chirurgie Cardio Pédiatrique du CHU de Fann
Authors: Diop Cheikh Tacko
Published: August 2021

Introduction : Un centre spécialisé dédié à la chirurgie cardio-pédiatrique a vu le jour au sein du CHU de Fann en 2018 pour améliorer la prise en charge des enfants atteints de cardiopathies du Sénégal et de la sous-région. Une analyse des coûts des interventions a été réalisée. L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer le coût par type d’intervention et proposer un tarif forfaitaire accessible aux patients. Méthodologie : Des données quantitatives et qualitatives relatives aux interventions menées dans le centre ont été collectées de manière rétrospective pour estimer le coût de chacune d’elle. Il s’agissait des actes réalisés, des consommables, médicaments, ressources humaines requises, la durée moyenne des interventions…. L’analyse des données a été réalisée avec le logiciel Sphynx. Pour chaque type d’intervention les coûts médicaux directs et indirects ont été estimés. Le coût Moyen estimé a été par la suite comparé au tarif forfaitaire initialement appliqué avant cette étude Résultats : Selon le type d’intervention, le coût variait entre 1.777.343 FCFA ( 2.709 €) pour une intervention à cœur fermé sans implant et 4.700.121 FCFA ( 7.164 €) pour les interventions avec deux prothèses biologiques et un anneau. Le forfait initialement fixé à 3.500.000 FCFA ( 5.335 €) permettrait d’équilibrer les comptes du Centre de Chirurgie Cardio Pédiatrique CUOMO (CCPC). Conclusion : Cette étude a permis d’estimer le coût de chaque intervention chirurgicale menée au Centre de Chirurgie Pédiatrique CUOMO (CCPC). Les coûts de remplacement de valve sont supérieurs au tarif forfaitaire appliqué. Une subvention, de la part des partenaires ou de l’État, est donc nécessaire pour maintenir le forfait au même niveau.

Mots clés : coûts, chirurgie cardio-pédiatrique, Sénégal.
Diagnostic communautaire en santé : Etude transversale dans la ville de Konobougou, Mali
Authors: Coulibaly MB
Published: August 2021

Introduction : Afin d´améliorer efficacement la santé communautaire, il est nécessaire d'établir une stratégie de promotion de la santé basée sur les besoins communautaires. L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier les problèmes de santé prioritaires de la population de Konobougou pouvant servir de base à une stratégie d'amélioration des conditions de santé dans cette ville. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive allant d’Août à Septembre 2018 dans la ville de Konobougou qui est le chef-lieu de la commune du même nom au Mali. La taille de l’échantillon était de 50 participants. L’enquête concernait les chefs de famille, les mères de familles et les propriétaires des concessions. Résultats : Les personnes enquêtées étaient constituées de 92% d’hommes et 8% de femmes ; 88% étaient propriétaires de la maison et 12% étaient chefs de ménages. Les familles utilisaient comme eau de boisson les robinets dans 90% des cas et le puits dans 10% des cas. Seulement 8% des familles avaient une poubelle mais on notait une absence de couvercle dans 75% des cas sur ces poubelles. Le paludisme était la maladie la plus rencontrée avec 76% suivi des infections respiratoires aigües avec 12% des cas dans les familles selon les enquêtés. Conclusion : Les problèmes de santé dans cette ville étaient liés aux mauvaises conditions d’hygiène et d’assainissement qui seraient à l’origine de certaines maladies telles que : le paludisme, les infections respiratoires aigües et la diarrhée. Il paraît donc nécessaire d’orienter notre action sur la promotion de l’hygiène et l’assainissement.

Mots clés : Diagnostic communautaire, santé, Konobougou, Mali
Morbidité et mortalité des enfants au service de pédiatrie de l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou
Authors: Bah A
Published: August 2021

Introduction : les pays en développement sont confrontés à de nombreuses difficultés dans le domaine de la santé.. Objectif : Ce travail visait à étudier la morbidité et la mortalité des enfants de 1 mois à 15 ans hospitalisés dans le service de pédiatrie de l’hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou. Matériel et Méthodes : Notre étude s’est déroulée du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2016 dans le service de Pédiatrie de l’Hôpital Nianankoro Fomba. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive. Ont été inclus tous les enfants de 1 mois à 15 ans hospitalisés. Résultats : Nous avons inclus 862 enfants de 1 mois à 15 ans. 70,10% des patients avaient moins de 5 ans. Les garçons représentaient 60,30%. La majorité des patients (75,90%) résidaient dans le district sanitaire de Ségou. Les principaux diagnostics retrouvés étaient le paludisme (53,20%), la malnutrition aiguë sévère avec complications (17,90%) et les infections respiratoires aiguës (10,20%). Les patients guéris représentaient 86,08% et le taux de décès était de 6,61%.La majorité des patients décédés était des garçons (57,89%). Les trois principales causes de décès étaient le paludisme grave (42,10%), la malnutrition aiguë sévère avec complications (35,09%) et les sepsis sévères (7,02%) et les décès concernaient les enfants de moins de 5 ans (71,93%). Conclusion : La morbidité et la mortalité en pédiatrie restent préoccupantes dans nos structures malgré les efforts. Cependant les causes sont évitables par le changement de comportement à tous les niveaux.

Mots Clés : morbidité, mortalité, enfants, Ségou.
Investigation d’un cas suspect de Manifestations Adverses Post Immunisation (MAPI) dans le district sanitaire de la Commune 6, Bamako, mai 2021
Authors: Traoré Ténin
Published: August 2021

Introduction : Comme tout vaccin, ceux contre la COVID-19 peuvent provoquer des effets indésirables appelés Manifestations Adverses Post Immunisation (MAPI)  ou manifestations post vaccinale indésirables. La MAPI ou manifestation post vaccinale indésirable est défini comme tout incident médical fâcheux qui suit la vaccination. L’objectif était d’investiguer un cas de MAPI avec décès. Méthodologie : C’était une étude descriptive qui s’est déroulée le 21 mai 2021 en Commune 6 du District de Bamako. Elle fait suite à la notification d’un cas de MAPI grave avec décès en Commune 6 de Bamako lors d’une consultation au cabinet médical Sorila. Résultats : Il s’agissait du cas de Monsieur MR, âgé de 59 ans, avec des antécédents d’hypertension artérielle (HTA) non suivi ayant reçu une dose du vaccin Covishild de Astra Zeneca administrée par l’équipe mobile de vaccination à l’autogare de Sogoniko. Il serait décédé dans la nuit du même jour. Son décès fut constaté à son arrivée au Cabinet médical Sorila au quartier Banakabougou en Commune 6. Un prélèvement a été réalisé pour le diagnostic de la COVID-19, revenu négatif. Conclusion : Cette investigation nous a permis d’investiguer un suspect cas de MAPI grave avec décès dont la cause probable serait une maladie cardiovasculaire et de poser la nécessité d’une collaboration étroite entre structures publiques et privées.

Mots clés : Investigation, Manifestations Adverses Post Immunisation (MAPI), Décès, Bamako.
Evaluation of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in Pre-Eclamptic and Normotensive Women in 3rd Trimester of Gestation
Authors: Zainab Salza , Saeed Armish , Awan Shazia , Raja Sehrish , Khanum Faiza , Pervaiz Erum
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the mean platelet volume (MPV) in pre-eclamptic and normotensive women presenting in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Multan Medical and Dental College/Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Multan during from 29-May-2019 to 28-Nov-2019. Methodology: 246 pregnant females were included in this study. Patients were assessed for pre-eclampsia those who were history of blood pressure >140 mmHg and 90 mmHg diastolic as seen on examination on three consecutive readings. Data of maternal hemogram taken at presentation was recording using an automated hematology analyzer. mean platelet volume (MPV) was recorded at completion of 36th week of gestation. Results: Mean age of patients included in this study was 34.22±5.02 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) of patients was 24.58±4.65 kg/m2. Mean parity was 2.63±0.78. Mean blood pressure of patients was 128.37±15.06 mmHg. The mean platelet volume in patients with normotensive pregnancy was 9.27±1.31 fL versus 12.49±1.51 fL in patients pre-eclampsia. This difference was statistically significant with p-value of <0.0001. Conclusion: As a biomarker for preeclampsia severity, MPV is a valuable tool. In a clinical context, MPV is regularly acquired during a complete blood count, making it a potentially cost-effective prediction tool for evaluating pre-eclampsia Keywords: Pregnancy, Pre-eclampsia, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
Editorial
Authors: Segovia Johanna , Barraza Sandoval José Enrique
Published: August 2021

El presente número monográfico busca aportar conocimiento actualizado y de calidad, con una diversidad de temáticas y componentes de importancia en la dinámica ecológica de los ecosistemas acuáticos. El esfuerzo refleja el rol importante que representa el personal técnico y científico, así como en formación, de las instituciones nacionales tales como la Universidad de El Salvador, Universidad Francisco Gavidia, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Ministerio de Cultura, entre otras; y de las instituciones latinoamericanas que nos apoyaron con su experiencia y conocimiento.
Cirripedios torácicos en el litoral rocoso de Punta Amapala, La Unión, El Salvador
Authors: Alvarado Guerra Gilma Violeta , Segovia de González Johanna Vanessa , Sibaja-Cordero Jeffrey , Martínez Hernández Martha Noemí
Published: August 2021

Los cirripedios se conocen a nivel mundial como balanos y percebes. Viven adheridos a sustratos duros, conchas, caparazones de organismos, incluso a otros crustáceos y cetáceos. Su nombre tiene origen en la posesión de una serie de cirros en sus patas, mismos que les facilitan realizar diversas actividades, como la natación, alimentación, reproducción, etc. Son filtradores de plancton, competidores primarios por espacio y altamente colonizadores de las zonas rocosas entre mareas. A pesar de ser un grupo muy representativo, es muy poco conocido, empezando por las especies presentes en nuestras costas. El objetivo principal que dirigió el estudio fue conocer la riqueza de especies de los cirripedios en tres playas pertenecientes a Punta Amapala, en el departamento de La Unión, El Salvador. Se presenta información para diez especies repartidas en seis géneros.
Campo extremo del oleaje frente a la costa de El Salvador
Authors: Gavidia Medina Francisco José
Published: August 2021

Las series temporales de simulaciones del oleaje se descomponen en series de eventos del campo medio y extremo, caracterizadas por métodos estadísticos de corto y largo plazo. Generalmente los eventos del campo extremo tienen una alta variabilidad en intensidad y frecuencia. El modelo WAM simula parámetros del oleaje: altura significante, período del componente más energético, dirección de propagación. Para caracterizar el campo extremo frente a la costa de El Salvador, se procesaron y analizaron series temporales (febrero de 1968–diciembre de 2009), en tres localidades de simulaciones realizadas con el modelo WAM. El oleaje extremo que arribó a la costa del país entre el 2-4 de mayo de 2015 tuvo una potencia máxima de 73 kW-m-1, la cual tiene un período de retorno de cinco años y una probabilidad de ocurrencia de 67 % para cinco años, 89 % para diez años y 100 % para 25 años de vida útil.
Turismo de avistamiento de cetáceos en Los Cóbanos, El Salvador: un primer acercamiento a la actividad
Authors: Castaneda Melvin Giovanni , Vázquez Cuevas Marlenne , Flores Escalante Álvaro Humberto , Salgado López José Dagoberto
Published: August 2021

En El Salvador, los cetáceos han sido poco estudiados. Por sus hábitos migratorios regulares y asociación a las costas, algunas especies como la ballena jorobada son foco del turismo de avistamiento de cetáceos en años recientes. Este tipo de turismo crece rápidamente alrededor del mundo: uno de sus retos es conservar el hábitat y las especies mientras se manejan necesidades de las comunidades. Aún se desconocen aspectos de la actividad turística como de las especies, siendo indispensable generar información científica. El objetivo es describir la actividad turística de avistamiento de cetáceos en comunidad de Los Cóbanos durante noviembre 2014-abril 2015, tomando como elementos la descripción de la oferta y demanda turística, estimación del costo económico y especies objeto de la actividad. Este trabajo representa los primeros esfuerzos por documentar aspectos socioeconómicos del turismo de avistamiento de cetáceos y asienta las bases para la conservación de estas especies en el país.
Microplásticos en agua superficial de la costa de El Salvador
Authors: Barraza Sandoval José Enrique , Melara Verónica Esperanza , Christoph Rainer , Hernández Ángel Alberto , Muñoz Romeo , Büscher Wolfgang Christian , Ventura Luna Jonathan Stanley , Humberstone Morales James Edward , Sanz Rodríguez Andoni
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de determinar la densidad de microplásticos suspendidos en zonas costeras marinas de El Salvador y compararlas entre las épocas lluviosa y seca, 2018-2019, respectivamente, se realizaron muestreos utilizando un complejo manta trawl con red de 40 μm de poro, en transectos superficiales rectos frente las playas Mizata, El Pimental, ciudad costera La Libertad y en el golfo de Fonseca. Se preservó el material filtrado en etanol al 90 % V/V. Las densidades más altas ocurrieron en la cuarta área mencionada (0.07-0.22 partículas/m3), lo contrario ocurrió en la tercera (0.00-0.02 partículas/m3). Se determinó diferencia significativa (p<0.05) al comparar el nivel de las cuatro zonas de muestreo, entre las estaciones lluviosa y seca, cuyos promedios totales de densidad fueron 0.08 ± 0.03 y 0.04 ±0.07 partículas/m3, respectivamente. El presente estudio preliminar pretende determinar información básica sobre la abundancia de microplásticos en agua superficial marina cercana a la orilla continental de El Salvador.
Listado anotado de los mamíferos marinos de El Salvador
Authors: Herrera Néstor , González Leiva José Alberto , Alvarado Larios Raquel Concepción , Salinas de Ruíz Milagro Elizabeth , Ascencio Elizondo Claudia Esther
Published: August 2021

Se registra la presencia de cinco especies de la familia Otariidae, tres especies de la familia Balaenopteridae, una especie de la familia Eschiteridae, doce especies de la familia Delphinidae, una especie de la familia Kogiidae, una especie de la familia Physeteridae y tres especies de la familia Ziphidae: un total de 26 especies de mamíferos marinos. La mayoría de especies se conocen por varamientos; otras, se basan sobre prospecciones de investigación. Seis especies son accidentales, ya que no ocurren de manera natural en aguas de Centroamérica. Ocho especies son migratorias y 12 especies son residentes y ocurrentes normales en aguas pelágicas. Cuatro especies, se considera, ocurren frecuentemente en las aguas costeras: la Ballena jorobada (Megaptera novaeangliae), el Delfín manchado (Stenella attenuata), el Delfín tornillo (Stenella longirostris) y el Delfín nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus). Cinco especies están incluidas bajo amenaza o en peligro a nivel mundial.
Estado actual de conservación de las aves acuáticas de El Salvador
Authors: Herrera Néstor
Published: August 2021

El estado actual de conservación de la avifauna acuática de El Salvador es documentado para un total de 150 especies, las cuales pertenecen a 26 familias y 11 órdenes taxonómicos. De estas, 68 son visitantes no reproductoras (migratorias), 27 son residentes reproductoras, 20 son vagabundas migratorias, 15 mantienen poblaciones migrantes y residentes; 13 especies son transitorias y siete especies son vagabundas no migratorias. Diez especies se consideran casi amenazadas y dos vulnerables a nivel mundial (Ardenna creatopus y Agamia agami). Se registra un total de 16 nuevas especies de aves acuáticas para el país desde el año 2007 y se espera la ocurrencia de 22 especies más.
El caracol tintóreo (Plicopurpura pansa) en los municipios de Jicalapa y Chiltiupán, La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: Rivera Ana María
Published: August 2021

El estudio fue realizado en dos áreas rocosas del país: las playas Shutia y El Balsamar, pertenecientes al departamento de La Libertad. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron conocer las técnicas de sexado y la proporción de machos y hembras en ambos puntos de muestreo; el método de captura y recaptura estuvo orientado a investigar la densidad poblacional del caracol púrpura, y también conocer parte de la biología del caracol Plicopurpura pansa.
Evaluación ecológica rápida de fauna en una orilla rocosa intermareal en El Zonte, La Libertad, El Salvador
Authors: Barraza Sandoval José Enrique , Melara Verónica Esperanza , Ramírez Enriqueta , Menéndez María José
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de documentar la fauna que habita en la zona rocosa intermareal de El Zonte (La Libertad, El Salvador), mediante técnicas de evaluación ecológica rápida de recursos marinos, se realizaron dos censos fotográficos en noviembre y diciembre de 2019, abarcando diferentes hábitats: acantilados, plataforma rocosa, pozas intermareales y paredes verticales. Los macroinvertebrados con mayor distribución entre las diferentes franjas fueron Acanthina brevidentata, Chthamalus sp, y Chama sp. Los peces que habitan en pozas intermareales de diferente profundidad fueron: Bathygobius andrei y Malacoctenus sudensis.
Economia do compartilhamento de infraestruturas no setor de telecomunicações brasileiro: inventário e o desenho de um mecanismo geral de compartilhamento
Authors: Charlita De Freitas Luciano , Sousa Prado Tiago , Linhares De Souza Filho Agostinho , Neves De Moura Filho Ronaldo , Baigorri Carlos Manuel , Euler De Morais Leonardo
Published: August 2021

As infraestruturas de telecomunicações são insumos fundamentais para prestação de serviços de voz e dados. Nas duas décadas que seguiram a privatização do setor no Brasil os investimentos oram majoritariamente endereçados para a ampliação da infraestrutura, motivado por fatores econômicos, a maioria de ordem competitiva, ou obrigações regulatórias. Porém, na virada do atual século, restrições relacionadas à capacidade de investimento, rentabilidade dos negócios e harmonizações de ordem técnica criaram incentivos para a adoção de modelos de compartilhamento, com vistas a reduzir a ociosidade dos ativos escassos e otimizar os custos de operação. Este estudo propõe inventariar os principais mecanismos de compartilhamento em uso no setor de telecomunicações brasileiro e, em seguida, a partir de suas características fundamentais, propor o desenho de um modelo geral de compartilhamento. Ao cabo, são propostas contribuições acerca como medida de promoção competição, melhoria da eficiência alocativa de recursos escassos e para maximização do bem-estar social.
Cierre de la brecha digital: mecanismos de priorización para el despliegue y posibilidades para las redes comunitarias
Authors: Valdiviezo Black Ana Gabriela , Valencia Barahona Ramiro
Published: August 2021

Los gobiernos de los países han intentado disminuir la brecha de conectividad y acceso a servicios TIC a través de proyectos como telecentros comunitarios o políticas de obligaciones de cobertura a prestadores de servicios, sin lograr resultados eficientes. Esta investigación realiza un análisis de la brecha y un modelo econométrico para conocer los parámetros influyentes en el porcentaje de cobertura de servicio móvil e Internet, y plantea una priorización de zonas geográficas no cubiertas actualmente en Ecuador. La metodología aplicada tiene por hipótesis que, a partir de mayor presencia de nodos e infocentros con fibra óptica en la parroquia a cubrir, será más rápido el despliegue de infraestructura y la adopción de los servicios. A partir de la priorización, se plantea un análisis regulatorio para fomentar la conectividad a través del esquema de red comunitaria o red de uso social.
Application of membrane bioreactor in wastewater treatment: A mini review
Authors: Zaki Yasmeen Hafiz , Nour Abdurahman Hamid , Mohamed Hybat Salih
Published: August 2021

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is credible and promising technology methods for industrial wastewater treatment and recycle it to use in different applications. Today MBR has many domestic and industrial applications and it is popular among the types of conventional treatment methods. The main drawback in the operation of MBR is membrane fouling, that drive to the decrease in permeate flux so need some technique to clean the membrane. In spite of more than a decade of significant advances in improvement of fouling reduction technique, various physical and mechanical methods are still necessary to be improved to limit the membrane fouling problems. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of membrane bioreactor, fundamental of membrane fouling that is affected by some factors and methods of controlling membrane fouling were discussed.
Effect of temperature on bio-oil fractions of palm kernel shell thermal distillation
Authors: Qarizada Deana , Mohammadian Erfan , Alias Azil Bahari , Rahimi Humapar Azhar , Yusuf Suriatie Binti Mat
Published: August 2021

Distillation is an essential thermo chemical process; it mainly depends on temperature which affects mostly the product yield and composition. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of temperature on the characterization of bio-oil liquid fraction derived from palm kernel shell (PKS) bio-oil. The temperatures were 100 °C and 140°C. The higher heating value (HHV) obtained were 28.6MJ/Kg and 31.5MJ/Kg for bio-oil fraction 100°C and 140°C respectively. The GC- MS analysis determined that phenol is the dominant product in bio-oil fractions.
A brief look at the flow of mystical thoughts in Turkish literature and mention of the famous Sufis of this literature
Authors: Farda Sima
Published: August 2021

To date, the contribution of the Turkish Sufis in the expansion of civilization, wisdom and Sufism are so great and effective in the Islamic world. In this area, many leaders in the golden banners of history have come up with a suitable place for themselves. It should be noted that the evaluation and study of the concepts such as Sufi and Sufism is one of the topics where all their profound and profound learning is essential for any literary worker, and they must investigate it, as it is one of their fundamental duties. The prominent poets of the Uzbek literature such as Khawajah Ahmad Yusawi, Baba Rahim Moshreb, Ibrahim Adham, Yusuf Amdani and others, have left valuable, influential and attractive works in the history of literature of this language, they also uncovered the imperfections of feudalism, the actions of religious hypocrites and unpleasant characteristics of vile leaders. They had a graceful role in deepening of world literature from the viewpoint of language formation and enriching. They have also played a significant role in the use of literary language, instead of colloquial language beside in the improvement of expression technique in this literature. Besides, they had a graceful role in expansion of Uzbek classical literature. The purpose of this article is to motivate learners of Uzbek language and literature in relation with the identification of mystical literature and poets, as well as their role in developing their thoughts and ideas in the right direction. The significance of this paper is to strengthen the worldly and eternal thoughts of peoples and the development of love, affection, intimacy, brotherhood and humanity that lies within their nature and character.
Evaluation of technical drawing rules and its application in engineering drawings and final year projects
Authors: Sharifi Mohammad Maruf
Published: August 2021

The way of imagination and visualization of spatial, the ability of read, analyze and interpret different drawings for engineering students is provided by graphics training. The accurate way of technical drawings and rules in engineering drawing in final year projects are discussed in this paper. Primary and main material collection was done by distribution of questionnaires amongst the final year students and also by collecting their look outs based on a survey questionnaire amongst 300 students from different engineering departments. 300 different final year projects and 2500 engineering drawings were surveyed from a batch of students from 2016-0218. Although, the design drawings and architecture drawings in civil and architecture departments take around 90 sheets, whereas simple drawings are sparse. But in the field of geology and mind, oil and gas, hydraulics have majority of infrastructure and simpler drawings. Conclusively, the application of technical drawings is same in all departments, while in civil and Architecture department's projects, scales, thicknesses of lines, types of lines are used correctly and due to wrong use of symbols and colors is rejected. In Geology and mind, oil and gas and hydraulic due to the use of large scales, colors are accepted but, on basis of incorrect use of line thicknesses and small dimensions are rejected.
Studying the effects of Potassium Phosphite (1%) on physiological changes in potato (Solanum tubrusum L.) tuber under late blight stress
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Aqa , Karimi Fraidoon , Taheri Mohammad Naser , Sediqui Naveedullah
Published: August 2021

Phosphite-based fungicides are a group of chemicals that are directly harmless to the environment and have a direct fungicide effect, while also indirectly stimulating the plant immune response. Potato late blight is one of the most destructive potatoes diseases globally, causing many morphological and physiological changes in potato leaves and tubers. In current experiment, the potato plants with three-time spray of potassium phosphite (KPhi) on potato leaves, following three months in storage, and inoculated with late blight were investigated. This study examined the possible role of KPhi in delays of late blight invasion and physiological responses including the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in potato tubers after challenging with late blight pathogen. Samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of time points for evaluations. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), in addition content of metabolites such as phytoalexin and phenolic after infection with pathogen was investigated. Meanwhile, KPhi treatment resulted in plant tolerance with improved resistance, increased antioxidant enzymes activities and non-enzymatic compounds compare to untreated plants under similar stress. The results of this study indicate that the role of KPhi reduces the adverse effects of pathogens, suppress potato late blight and improves antioxidant enzymes activities and non-enzymatic compounds in potato tubers.
Bilingualism and its effect on children learning
Authors: Rashid Abdul Wakil
Published: August 2021

Bilingual mean that we should be able to speak in two languages. The discussion of bilingual is the very important matter today, lots of studies and viewpoints have done on this issue; because there are many kids in the same time, they speak in two languages, they learn one language as their mother language and the second language they could learn from their other family members or sometimes even they learn third language in the area where they live and grow up. Children can learn the language since their born till they enter to the society or in the educational areas like; preschool, schools and so on. They can also learn language naturally or learn it official. In different countries lots of studies have done on bilingual and results of those investigations show that the children who are bilingual have high intelligence, and speaking in two languages causes children grants a lot of potential thinking, the child grows smarter and more talented; but despite in Afghanistan more children are bilingual, less research has done on this issue. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of bilingualism on learning of bilingual children. The results of this study indicated that children who are bilingual have high intelligence and speaking in two languages makes children keener their potential thinking, and this kind of children are more talented and able than the other children who are monolingual. As much children start speaking in two languages since their born, their brains' actions grow more.
Public awareness and their attitudes toward adopting renewable energy technologies in Afghanistan
Authors: Patmal Mohammad Hamed , Shiran Habiburrahman
Published: August 2021

This research investigates the factors that potentially affect public attitudes and their adoption of renewable energy technologies for electrical energy production in Afghanistan. The study is carried out with a survey from Kabul and its neighboring provinces including Logar, Maidan Wardak, Nangarhar, Ghazni, Parwan & Kapisa provinces. We used a random sampling process to collect data using a web-based questionnaire. The survey was well designed to highlight conveniently the public understanding, willingness, and attitudes toward adopting renewable energy technologies (RETs). The outcome of the survey is then evaluated to discover the most potential factor affecting public acceptance of RETs. The results declared that the educational level, expertise in RETs, and income of respondents are positively related, while the age of respondents is negatively related to the public willingness on the use and investment in RETs. The majority of respondents have used one type of RETs, however, 23 % of respondents have not used any type of RETs. Study shows that the RETs use and access to grid electricity are reversely related, where the access is lower, the RETs use is higher and vice versa. Most of the respondents were not well informed and most disagreed with the government policies on RETs, therefore, public awareness programs on RETs and government policies are recommended. The majority of respondents were willing to invest in RETs, therefore, the government should commit itself and support private sectors to invest in RETs and take part in its development.
Assessment of stand-alone photovoltaic system and mini-grid solar system as solutions to electrification of remote villages in Afghanistan
Authors: Sina Mohammad Ali , Adeel Mohammad Adel
Published: August 2021

Afghanistan enjoys huge renewable energy, especially solar resources. Meanwhile, most of the population especially people who live in remote rural areas, still do not have appropriate access to electricity. Poor access to energy has made life more challenging and deprived rustic people from related primary living facilities. To address this grant challenge, considering the high potential of solar energy available in the country, this paper presents a study on design and economic comparison of the two most feasible methods of solar power production for rural areas in Afghanistan. In the first method, a stand-alone Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system has individually been considered in every single house of a village. In this way, energy is produced and consumed in each house itself. While in the second method, energy for the whole village is produced by a micro solar power station in a centralized manner and then distributed through a 0.4 kV islanded Mini grid all around the village. The study is carried out through conventional mathematical relations, based on daily energy demand in a rural household. The result indicates that implementation of the second method is not only best affordable but also more viable and will create other socio-economic opportunities.
Investigation of Mavlana Aznab Sheberghani school students’ reluctance in math subject
Authors: Nazari Muhammad Rafi
Published: August 2021

The subject of this study is to investigate causes of students’ disinterest in education department or domain (secondary school of Mavlana Aznab Sheberghani). The essential and important objective of this study is to identify causes of students’ disinterest in math subject. This study was a filed and applied research. The instrument was questionnaire and filled in by students in the field. One of the reasons of students’ disinterest in math subject in secondary school is weaknesses in foundation and mathematical thinking. In math instruction, these are the problems that need to be considered: to have professional teachers, qualified and strong management and leadership based on the system of reward and punishment, use of technology in teaching math subject, and use of appropriate curriculum based on society’s needs. These are the primary needs of our society. The importance of theoretical research is to examine various theories on the title of study (causes of students’ disinterest in math subject) and find out different variables and answer to the research questions appropriately. The importance of research is to find out the causes of lack of progress in learning math subject. The results indicate that there are lots of barriers and problems in math learning among students. It is important to increase students’ interests and motivation by eliminating the problems.
La huella de Proust en la obra de Yorgos Seferis
Authors: Charcharé Léna
Published: August 2021

Si confiamos en Seferis cuando afirma que no hay partenogénesis en el arte y que cada uno de nosotros está hecho de todo lo que ha asimilado, entonces podemos llegar con seguridad a la conclusión de que, en este crisol que constituye la composición artística de Yorgos Seferis, la influencia proustiana ha jugado uno de los papeles más significativos. Y esto puede no ser tan obvio en su producción poética como en su única novela, Seis noches en la Acrópolis.

El presente estudio aspira a hacer exactamente eso: señalar meticulosamente las fuentes de inspiración que Seferis encontró en la obra de Marcel Proust. Aparte de las afinidades más evidentes que atañen a la trama y la tematología, también existen muchas más imperceptibles, como la función soteriológica de la literatura o la obsesión ubicua del pasado, entre otras.
La sombra de Vinteuil en dos novelas francesas
Authors: Morisseau Arthur
Published: August 2021

Este artículo de literatura comparada investiga el período post-Vinteuil analizando la recepción del compositor ficticio de À la Recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust en escritos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y del siglo XXI. Estas novelas sobre el compositor se inscriben en una subcategoría de la ficción relativamente reciente (fines del siglo XVIII): la de las historias sobre compositores que solo existen en las páginas de los libros. La segunda mitad del siglo XX marcó el comienzo de un cambio en la forma en que los novelistas describen a los compositores ficticios: surgió una vena burlesca que no escapa a algunas novelas proustianas. La sombra de Vinteuil puede explicar la necesidad, con implicancias variadas, de esta orientación paródica: algunos autores, como Richard Millet en L’Angélus, son conscientes de que deben literalmente dar muerte al maestro, Proust, con el fin de librarse de él, incluso aunque su legado siga presente. Otros, como Jérôme Bastianelli en La Vraie vie de Vinteuil, fingen volver real a Vinteuil, creando en realidad un nuevo personaje aún más ficticio.
Patologías de la razón narrativa: El sistema de las estrellas, de Carlos Chernov, y el retorno de la épica proletaria
Authors: García Nicolás
Published: August 2021

El sistema de las estrellas, de Carlos Chernov (2017), es una novela marginal —partimos de este presupuesto— que no dialoga con la tradición genérica de la ciencia ficción rioplatense ni se somete al estado de las discusiones teóricas que contempla el habitus del presente de la anticipación, pero sí expresa ciertas tendencias constitutivas del imaginario distópico del siglo XX que persisten, asimismo, en el repertorio temático de las reescrituras avanzadas del género. Nos abocamos, en este trabajo, a discutir el significado político del retorno a viejas formas narrativas en un texto actual de pretensiones admonitorias y desenmascaradoras de la racionalidad de dominio capitalista.
Más allá del pensamiento binario
Authors: Crespo Natali
Published: August 2021

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Una intimidad intermitente en Las mejores pérdidas
Authors: Lorio Natalia
Published: August 2021

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El invierno también florece. Sobre Luz de invierno, de Carlos Battilana
Authors: Lopez Luciano
Published: August 2021

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Quantitative carcass characteristics and quality of shoulder and loin of crossbred goat kids receiving diets with live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Pili Fernanda Maraquena Soares , Schneider Cibele Regina ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Silva Caroline Isabela da ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Oliveira Giovana da Silva ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Altero Jennifer Braga ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Duarte Vanessa ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Alcalde Claudete Regina ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the shoulder and loin of Boer x Saanen crossbred goat kids. Twenty-seven carcasses were used, 13 females and 14 uncastrated males with an average age of 192 days, weighing 30.76 kg, distributed in a completely randomised design using a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement (diet and sex). The yeast was added to the feed before pelletising in a proportion of 0.050 g/kg dry matter (DM). When the goats reached an average of 30 kg of live weight, they were slaughtered. No effects of live yeast on quantitative carcass and qualitative characteristics of shoulder and loin were observed. Regarding sex, males had higher slaughter weights (31.73 kg), empty carcass weight (27.98 kg), hot carcass weight (14.39 kg), cold carcass weight (14.22 kg), higher carcass compactness index (0.28 kg/cm), lower slaughter age (176 days) and lower cooling loss (1.20%). For the cut yields, females presented a higher loin yield (11.55%) and males presented a higher neck yield (6.84%). In the shoulder, males presented a higher proportion of bone (18.58%), while females presented a higher proportion of fat (17.09%) and muscle:bone (3.47). In the loin, females showed higher fat deposition (19.54%) in relation to males. The inclusion of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii in the crossbred goat kids’ diet did not generate differences in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the shoulder and loin.
Embolization Tactics of Spinal Epidural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Al-Abdulwahhab Abdulrahman Hamad , Song Yunsun , Kwon Boseong , Suh Dae Chul
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVFs) show an epidural venous sac often with venous congestive myelopathy (VCM) due to intradural reflux at a remote level to which a transarterial approach would be difficult. We present 12 cases of SEDAVF with VCM and describe 3 main tactics for effective transarterial embolization.Materials and Methods: Among 152 patients with spinal vascular malformations diagnosed in our tertiary hospital between 1993 and 2019, 12 SEDAVF patients with VCM were included. Three different transarterial embolization tactics were applied according to the vascular configuration and microcatheter accessibility. We evaluated treatment results and clinical outcomes before and after treatment.Results: Transarterial embolization with glue (20–30%) was performed in all patients. The embolization tactics applied in 12 patients were preferential flow (n=2), plug-and-push (n=6), and filling of the venous sac (n=4). Total occlusion of the SEDAVF, including intradural reflux, was achieved in 11 (91.7%) of 12 patients, and partial occlusion was achieved in 1 patient. No periprocedural complications were reported. Spinal cord edema was improved in all patients for an average of 18 months after treatment. Clinical functional outcome in terms of the pain, sensory, motor, and sphincter scale and modified Rankin scores improved during a mean 25-month follow-up (6.3 vs. 3.3, P=0.002; 3.6 vs. 2.3, P=0.002, respectively).Conclusion: Endovascular treatment for 12 SEDAVF patients with VCM achieved a total occlusion rate of 91.7% without any periprocedural complication. The combined embolization tactics can block intradural reflux causing VCM, resulting in overall good clinical outcomes.
REtrospective Multicenter INdian Study of Derivo Embolization Device (REMIND): Periprocedural Safety
Authors: Mahajan Niranjan Prakash , Mushtaq Mudasir , Bhatti Amit , Purkayastha Sukalyan , Dange Nitin , Cherian Mathew , Gupta Vipul , Huded Vikram
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The treatment of aneurysms with characteristics such as complex morphology, fusiform, blister-like, wide neck, or large size has been revolutionized with the introduction of flow diverters. Though flow diverters have several advantages over coiling, they also have certain important disadvantages such as the lack of immediate protection against rupture, the risk of ischemic stroke, the need for antiplatelet therapy, and long latency for complete effect. The Derivo Embolization Device (DED) is a second-generation self-expanding device that is claimed to be less thrombogenic than conventional devices. We retrospectively evaluated the periprocedural safety and risks associated with the DED across 5 centers in India.Materials and Methods: This is a multicentric, retrospective, observational study of DED, conducted at 5 high volume endovascular therapy centers in India from May 2018 to June 2020. Periprocedural demographic, clinical, and angiographic data were collected from a retrospective review of patient charts.Results: A total of 96 patients, including 56 (58.3%) females, aged between 16–80 years (60±12.7 years) harboring 106 aneurysms were studied. Seven (7.3%) were noted to harbor multiple aneurysms: 6 had 3 aneurysms each, while 1 patient had 5 aneurysms. The following aneurysm characteristics were noted: average size, 9.8±8.2 mm; average neck size, 6.9±8.5 mm; wide-necked (>4 mm), 63 (59.4%); giant (>25 mm), 8 (7.5%); and anterior circulation location, 98 (92.5%). Eighteen (17%) of these were ruptured. Additional balloon angioplasty was performed in 5 (5.2%) patients. Intraprocedural problems were encountered in 3 (3.1%), of which only 1 had clinical implications, the device fish-mouthing with stent thrombosis resulting in a malignant middle cerebral artery territory infarction. The modified Rankin scale at 3 months was worse in 1 patient.Conclusion: DED is a newer generation flow diverter stent with a low periprocedural complication rate.
PulseRider Treated Aneurysm with Significant Artifact on Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Angiography: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nguyen Anthony V. , Reed Laura K. , Lesley Walter S.
Published: August 2021

The PulseRider is a neuroendovascular adjunct for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. The decreased metal burden of the PulseRider theoretically reduces artifact on radiologic imaging. However, we report here on a case of a patient who underwent PulseRider-assisted stent-coiling of a basilar tip aneurysm. He returned 19 months later for intermittent diplopia and darkening of vision but was neurologically intact on exam. Both contrast-enhanced and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated absence of signal in the basilar artery in the proximal anchors of the PulseRider. Given his lack of reproducible symptoms and high functional status, it is presumed that the imaging reflected artifact and not thrombosis/stenosis. Although the PulseRider is a useful treatment option for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms, the clinician should be aware that even contrast-enhanced MRA can produce artifact that resembles thrombosis/stenosis. Non-angiogram radiologic imaging modalities may be appropriate for evaluation for residual aneurysm but not patency of the parent artery.
The Role of e-Government in Enhancing Postgraduate Employment Transparency in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Saif Mohammed , Abdel-Whab Ahmed
Published: August 2021

One of e-Government implementation’s most notable advantages is the enhancement of transparency amongst public sector organizations that it brings, possibly caused by the availability of information, the newfound accountability, and the ability to track and monitor transactions within the public sector. With this in mind, the research at hand will centre on the issue of unemployment amongst postgraduates in Saudi Arabia, focusing on reaping the benefits of the centralised, highly efficient e-Government system to control the process of employment within Saudi universities and research centres. In this vein, this research proposes that e-Government (as well as other ICTs) should be tasked with fighting corruption by detailing the specifics and qualifications of the job-seeker in question within the relevant centralised websites. Indeed, such a process would allow for the filtering and selecting process by the employer to be both supervised and audited.
REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION OF IASP – PAIN 162 (2021) 999–1006: Pain in the neurodegenerating brain: insights into pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease
Authors: Lawn Timothy , Aman Yahyah , Rukavina Katarina , Sideris-Lampretsas George , Howard Matthew , Ballard Clive , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Malcangio Marzia
Published: August 2021

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Repeated capsaicin patch applications in patients
with localized peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Malec-Milewska Małgorzata , Wordliczek Jerzy , Zajączkowska Renata
Published: August 2021

Neuropathic pain is still a challenging problem. It is experienced by millions of people worldwide, with an
approximate prevalence of 7‒10% in the general population. Despite the availability of a variety of treatment methods,
a significant proportion of patients suffer from poorly controlled neuropathic pain. Capsaicin is a highly selective TRPV1
(Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1) agonist. When applied topically, it leads to the defunctionalisation
of hyperactive nociceptive receptors, temporary destruction of peripheral nerve endings, and a significant reduction
or cessation of pain. Therefore 8% capsaicin patches are used to treat several peripheral, localized neuropathic pain
syndromes. The study aimed to present a case series of patients suffering from peripheral, localized neuropathic pain
in case the use of repeated applications of 8% capsaicin patches significantly reduced the intensity of pain. In 5 out of
6 patients we observed a gradual extension of the pain relief period until the pain disappeared, which led to the reduction or
discontinuation of systemic pharmacotherapy. In summary, a therapy limited to a certain area of the body, without potential
systemic adverse effects, which requires repetition at fairly long intervals, appears to be a good treatment option.
Planowanie sukcesyjne działalności gospodarczej a
podatek dochodowy od osób fizycznych
Authors: Kłosowiak Miłosz
Published: August 2021

W Europie Środkowej nadchodzi moment sukcesji firm rodzinnych. Przed wprowadzeniem rozwiązań ustawy o
zarządzie sukcesyjnym śmierć przedsiębiorcy prowadziła do ustania bytu prawnego przedsiębiorstwa, wygasały
decyzje administracyjne oraz NIP. Po wprowadzeniu ustawy, przedsiębiorstwo w spadku uzyskało status podatnika,
a NIP przechodzi na przedsiębiorstwo w spadku. Na moment wygaśnięcia zarządu sukcesyjnego nie następuje
przeniesienie praw na spadkobierców z mocy prawa, co można uznać za wadę. Nie został rozwiązany problem
jak dokonać podziału przedsiębiorstwa między spadkobierców. Odpowiedzą na ten problem może być projekt
ustawy o fundacji rodzinnej.