bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mach reflection of detonation wave on porous wall
Authors: Chen Die , Ma Hong-Hao , Wang Lu-Qing
Published: February 2023

This study reports the Mach reflection of gaseous detonation on porous wedges experimentally, in which the porous wall is consisted of equidistant inline square columns. The smoked foil technique was utilized to monitor the evolution of the triple-point trajectory and detonation cells in the Mach stem region. In addition to the wedge angle and initial pressure of gaseous mixture, this paper also focuses on the effect of porosity and pore size on the Mach reflection and its mechanism. The results show that the strength of the Mach stem is significantly weakened by the porous media compared with that on the smooth wedge, which is ascribed to the diffraction and reflection waves generated by the interaction of the Mach stem front with the pore. Furthermore, the onset of the triple-point trajectory is delayed, the angle of which is decreased. The porosity and pore size present distinct influence on the Mach stem height. With the increase in the porosity and the decrease in the pore size, the Mach stem region is attenuated more dramatically and the Mach stem is harder to be formed or even could not be observed. Furthermore, the triple-point trajectory on the porous wall exhibits local self-similarity and satisfies the frozen limit in the near field and the equilibrium limit in the far field. However, the lengths of the existence of the frozen limit and the transition to the equilibrium limit on the porous wall are found to be much shorter than the hydrodynamic thickness, and the recovery of the self-similarity depends largely on the porosity and pore size.
Electron–phonon interactions and superconductivity of
β
-Nb2N thin films
Authors: Kalal Shailesh , Tayal Akhil , Karmakar Suman , Joshi Rajeev , Rawat Rajeev , Gupta Mukul
Published: February 2023

Niobium nitride (NbN) has attracted scientific interest due to its diverse physical properties and a variety of structural phases. The structure and superconductivity of the cubic δ-NbN phase are well established, but its hexagonal phases are not explored hitherto. In the present work, we report a simple synthesis route and a detailed study of hexagonal β-Nb2N thin films. Thermal annealing of sputtered grown α-NbN leads to a single phase β-Nb2N at 973 K as confirmed by x-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy. The electrical transport measurements revealed a dominance of electron–phonon interactions with a superconducting transition around 4.74 K and an upper critical field [HC2(0)] of 3.99 T. The estimated HC2(0) is well below the calculated Pauli limit, and the Maki parameter value (α < 1) indicates that HC2(0) is dominated by an orbital pair breaking effect. Finally, the obtained value of electron–phonon coupling constant (λ) is in excellent agreement with a weak coupling Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer value of conventional superconducting materials.
Investigating the effects of inflow river water quality on lake nutrient-concentration variations: a case study in Gehu Lake, China
Authors: Gao Mingyuan , Xu Chen , Yang Su , Li Bing
Published: February 2023

Context Controlling the inputs of nutrients, one of the main sources of lake pollution from inflow rivers, is an important way to protect lakes. Aims To obtain a whole picture of spatiotemporal variation of water quality in Gehu lake and its main inflow rivers from 2011 to 2018, and to study relationship of water quality between lake and inflow rivers. Methods We analysed the relationship by using correlation analysis and BATHTUB model and discussed the goal of collaborative control by setting up different scenarios. Key results The concentrations of total nitrogen (ρ(TN)) and total phosphorus (ρ(TP)) are the main water pollutants in Gehu Lake and it continues to maintain the middle-eutropher state. ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) in the lake have a significant negative correlation with the quantity of water inflow and a significant positive correlation with ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) in inflow rivers. Conclusions It showed that when ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) in inflow rivers decreased by 25%, ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) in Gehu Lake decreased by 21.01 and 22.64%. Furthermore, when ρ(TN) and ρ(TP) in inflow rivers decreased by 50%, they correspondingly decreased by 40 and 36.91% in the lake. Implications Our findings provide effective control of water quality in Gehu Lake and give a guide for environmental governance and water-quality improvement measures.
Design and synthesis of a small molecular NIR-II chemiluminescence probe for in vivo
-
activated H
2
S imaging
Authors: Chen Zhongxiang , Su Lichao , Wu Ying , Liu Jianyong , Wu Rongrong , Li Qian , Wang Chenlu , Liu Luntao , Song Jibin
Published: February 2023

Chemiluminescence (CL) with the elimination of excitation light and minimal autofluorescence interference has been wieldy applied in biosensing and bioimaging. However, the traditional emission of CL probes was mainly in the range of 400 to 650 nm, leading to undesired resolution and penetration in a biological object. Therefore, it was urgent to develop CL molecules in the near-infrared window [NIR, including NIR-I (650 to 900 nm) and near-infrared-II (900 to 1,700 nm)], coupled with unique advantages of long-time imaging, sensitive response, and high resolution at depths of millimeters. However, no NIR-II CL unimolecular probe has been reported until now. Herein, we developed an H
2
S-activated NIR-II CL probe [chemiluminiscence donor 950, (CD-950)] by covalently connecting two Schaap’s dioxetane donors with high chemical energy to a NIR-II fluorophore acceptor candidate via intramolecular CL resonance energy transfer strategy, thereby achieving high efficiency of 95%. CD-950 exhibited superior capacity including long-duration imaging (~60 min), deeper tissue penetration (~10 mm), and specific H
2
S response under physiological conditions. More importantly, CD-950 showed detection capability for metformin-induced hepatotoxicity with 2.5-fold higher signal-to-background ratios than that of NIR-II fluorescence mode. The unimolecular NIR-II CL probe holds great potential for the evaluation of drug-induced side effects by tracking its metabolites in vivo, further facilitating the rational design of novel NIR-II CL-based detection platforms.
1700029I15Rik orchestrates the biosynthesis of acrosomal membrane proteins required for sperm–egg interaction
Authors: Lu Yonggang , Shimada Kentaro , Tang Shaogeng , Zhang Jingjing , Ogawa Yo , Noda Taichi , Shibuya Hiroki , Ikawa Masahito
Published: February 2023

Sperm acrosomal membrane proteins, such as Izumo sperm–egg fusion 1 (IZUMO1) and sperm acrosome-associated 6 (SPACA6), play essential roles in mammalian gamete binding or fusion. How their biosynthesis is regulated during spermiogenesis has largely remained elusive. Here, we show that
1700029I15Rik
knockout male mice are severely subfertile and their spermatozoa do not fuse with eggs. 1700029I15Rik is a type-II transmembrane protein expressed in early round spermatids but not in mature spermatozoa. It interacts with proteins involved in
N
-linked glycosylation, disulfide isomerization, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi trafficking, suggesting a potential role in nascent protein processing. The ablation of
1700029I15Rik
destabilizes non-catalytic subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that are pivotal for
N
-glycosylation. The knockout testes exhibit normal expression of sperm plasma membrane proteins, but decreased abundance of multiple acrosomal membrane proteins involved in fertilization. The knockout sperm show upregulated chaperones related to ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and elevated protein ubiquitination; strikingly, SPACA6 becomes undetectable. Our results support for a specific, 1700029I15Rik-mediated pathway underpinning the biosynthesis of acrosomal membrane proteins during spermiogenesis.
Can accurate demographic information about people who use prescription medications nonmedically be derived from Twitter?
Authors: Yang Yuan-Chi , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Love Jennifer S. , Cooper Hannah L. F. , Perrone Jeanmarie , Sarker Abeed
Published: February 2023

Traditional substance use (SU) surveillance methods, such as surveys, incur substantial lags. Due to the continuously evolving trends in SU, insights obtained via such methods are often outdated. Social media-based sources have been proposed for obtaining timely insights, but methods leveraging such data cannot typically provide fine-grained statistics about subpopulations, unlike traditional approaches. We address this gap by developing methods for automatically characterizing a large Twitter nonmedical prescription medication use (NPMU) cohort (n = 288,562) in terms of age-group, race, and gender. Our natural language processing and machine learning methods for automated cohort characterization achieved 0.88 precision (95% CI:0.84 to 0.92) for age-group, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.95) for race, and 94% accuracy (95% CI: 92 to 97) for gender, when evaluated against manually annotated gold-standard data. We compared automatically derived statistics for NPMU of tranquilizers, stimulants, and opioids from Twitter with statistics reported in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and the National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Distributions automatically estimated from Twitter were mostly consistent with the NSDUH [Spearmanr: race: 0.98 (P < 0.005); age-group: 0.67 (P < 0.005); gender: 0.66 (P = 0.27)] and NEDS, with 34/65 (52.3%) of the Twitter-based estimates lying within 95% CIs of estimates from the traditional sources. Explainable differences (e.g., overrepresentation of younger people) were found for age-group-related statistics. Our study demonstrates that accurate subpopulation-specific estimates about SU, particularly NPMU, may be automatically derived from Twitter to obtain earlier insights about targeted subpopulations compared to traditional surveillance approaches.
A cryptic oxidoreductase safeguards oxidative protein folding in
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Authors: Reardon-Robinson Melissa E. , Nguyen Minh Tan , Sanchez Belkys C. , Osipiuk Jerzy , Rückert Christian , Chang Chungyu , Chen Bo , Nagvekar Rahul , Joachimiak Andrzej , Tauch Andreas , Das Asis , Ton-That Hung
Published: February 2023

In many gram-positive Actinobacteria, including
Actinomyces oris
and
Corynebacterium matruchotii
, the conserved thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase MdbA that catalyzes oxidative folding of exported proteins is essential for bacterial viability by an unidentified mechanism. Intriguingly, in
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
, the deletion of
mdbA
blocks cell growth only at 37 °C but not at 30 °C, suggesting the presence of alternative oxidoreductase enzyme(s). By isolating spontaneous thermotolerant revertants of the
mdbA
mutant at 37 °C, we obtained genetic suppressors, all mapped to a single T-to-G mutation within the promoter region of
tsdA
, causing its elevated expression. Strikingly, increased expression of
tsdA
—via suppressor mutations or a constitutive promoter—rescues the pilus assembly and toxin production defects of this mutant, hence compensating for the loss of
mdbA
. Structural, genetic, and biochemical analyses demonstrated TsdA is a membrane-tethered thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase with a conserved CxxC motif that can substitute for MdbA in mediating oxidative folding of pilin and toxin substrates. Together with our observation that
tsdA
expression is upregulated at nonpermissive temperature (40 °C) in wild-type cells, we posit that TsdA has evolved as a compensatory thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that safeguards oxidative protein folding in
C. diphtheriae
against thermal stress.
Mitochondrial control of microglial phagocytosis by the translocator protein and hexokinase 2 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fairley Lauren H. , Lai Kei Onn , Wong Jia Hui , Chong Wei Jing , Vincent Anselm Salvatore , D’Agostino Giuseppe , Wu Xiaoting , Naik Roshan R. , Jayaraman Anusha , Langley Sarah R. , Ruedl Christiane , Barron Anna M.
Published: February 2023

Microglial phagocytosis is an energetically demanding process that plays a critical role in the removal of toxic protein aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence indicates that a switch in energy production from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis disrupts this important protective microglial function and may provide therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we demonstrate that the translocator protein (TSPO) and a member of its mitochondrial complex, hexokinase-2 (HK), play critical roles in microglial respiratory-glycolytic metabolism and phagocytosis. Pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function experiments showed that TSPO is critical for microglial respiratory metabolism and energy supply for phagocytosis, and its expression is enriched in phagocytic microglia of AD mice. Meanwhile, HK controlled glycolytic metabolism and phagocytosis via mitochondrial binding or displacement. In cultured microglia, TSPO deletion impaired mitochondrial respiration and increased mitochondrial recruitment of HK, inducing a switch to glycolysis and reducing phagocytosis. To determine the functional significance of mitochondrial HK recruitment, we developed an optogenetic tool for reversible control of HK localization. Displacement of mitochondrial HK inhibited glycolysis and improved phagocytosis in TSPO-knockout microglia. Mitochondrial HK recruitment also coordinated the inflammatory switch to glycolysis that occurs in response to lipopolysaccharide in normal microglia. Interestingly, cytosolic HK increased phagocytosis independent of its metabolic activity, indicating an immune signaling function. Alzheimer’s beta amyloid drastically stimulated mitochondrial HK recruitment in cultured microglia, which may contribute to microglial dysfunction in AD. Thus, targeting mitochondrial HK may offer an immunotherapeutic approach to promote phagocytic microglial function in AD.
Cytoskeletal association of ATP citrate lyase controls the mechanodynamics of macropinocytosis
Authors: Puccini Joseph , Wei Jia , Tong Liang , Bar-Sagi Dafna
Published: February 2023

Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent mode of nonselective endocytosis that mediates the uptake of extracellular fluid-phase cargoes. It is now well recognized that tumor cells exploit macropinocytosis to internalize macromolecules that can be catabolized and used to support cell growth and proliferation under nutrient-limiting conditions. Therefore, the identification of molecular mechanisms that control macropinocytosis is fundamental to the understanding of the metabolic adaptive landscape of tumor cells. Here, we report that the acetyl-CoA–producing enzyme, ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), is a key regulator of macropinocytosis and describes a heretofore-unappreciated association of ACLY with the actin cytoskeleton. The cytoskeletal tethering of ACLY is required for the spatially defined acetylation of heterodimeric actin capping protein, which we identify as an essential mediator of the actin remodeling events that drive membrane ruffling and macropinocytosis. Furthermore, we identify a requirement for mitochondrial-derived citrate, an ACLY substrate, for macropinocytosis, and show that mitochondria traffic to cell periphery regions juxtaposed to plasma membrane ruffles. Collectively, these findings establish a mode of metabolite compartmentalization that supports the spatiotemporal modulation of membrane–cytoskeletal interactions required for macropinocytosis by coupling regional acetyl-CoA availability with dynamic protein acetylation.
In situ formation of cocatalytic sites boosts single-atom catalysts for nitrogen oxide reduction
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Liu Guoquan , Hao Zhifei , Zhang He , Li Yi , Sun Wenming , Zheng Lirong , Zhan Sihui
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) pollution presents a severe threat to the environment and human health. Catalytic reduction of NO
x
with H
2
using single-atom catalysts poses considerable potential in the remediation of air pollution; however, the unfavorable process of H
2
dissociation limits its practical application. Herein, we report that the in situ formation of Pt
Ti
cocatalytic sites (which are stabilized by Pt–Ti bonds) over Pt
1
/TiO
2
significantly increases NO
x
conversion by reducing the energy barrier of H
2
activation. We demonstrate that two H atoms of H
2
molecule are absorbed by adjacent Pt atoms in Pt–O and Pt–Ti, respectively, which can promote the cleave of H–H bonds. Besides, Pt
Ti
sites facilitate the adsorption of NO molecules and further lower the activation barrier of the whole de-NO
x
reaction. Extending the concept to Pt
1
/Nb
2
O
5
and Pd
1
/TiO
2
systems also sees enhanced catalytic activities, demonstrating that engineering the cocatalytic sites can be a general strategy for the design of high-efficiency catalysts that can benefit environmental sustainability.
Electron doping of a double-perovskite flat-band system
Authors: Jin Lun , Varnava Nicodemos , Ni Danrui , Gui Xin , Xu Xianghan , Xu Yuanfeng , Bernevig B. Andrei , Cava Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Electronic structure calculations indicate that the Sr
2
FeSbO
6
double perovskite has a flat-band set just above the Fermi level that includes contributions from ordinary subbands with weak kinetic electron hopping plus a flat subband that can be attributed to the lattice geometry and orbital interference. To place the Fermi energy in that flat band, electron-doped samples with formulas Sr
2-

x

La

x

FeSbO
6
(0 ≤
x
≤ 0.3) were synthesized, and their magnetism and ambient temperature crystal structures were determined by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. All materials appear to display an antiferromagnetic-like maximum in the magnetic susceptibility, but the dominant spin coupling evolves from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic on electron doping. Which of the three subbands or combinations is responsible for the behavior has not been determined.
Exploring diachronic salience of emotion metaphors
Authors: Rajeg Gede Primahadi Wijaya , Rajeg I Made
Published: February 2023

This paper analyzes metaphorical conceptualizations ofhappinessin the historical corpus of Classical Malay and in the corpus of present-day Indonesian, the national variety of Malay used in Indonesia. The aim is to explore the idea of diachronic salience and universal/variation in metaphorical conceptualizations between diachronic varieties of the same language. Token and type frequencies are used as measures of salience of the metaphors. Seven of the top-10 metaphors in Classical Malay with high token and type frequencies also make into the top-10 metaphors ranked by these measures in Indonesian, suggesting a relatively stable diachronic salience of the metaphoric cognitive models ofhappinessin these two Malay varieties. The shared metaphors are parts of larger networks of semantic domains, namelypossession,location,motion,containment, andquantity. The metaphors are discussed in relation to themes reported in earlier cross-cultural psychological studies of the cultural folk models ofhappiness.
Plastin 3 rescues BDNF-TrkB signaling in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Ramsey Arren , Huang Eric J.
Published: February 2023

In this issue, Hennlein and colleagues (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202204113) show that F-actin–bundling protein Plastin 3 is drastically reduced in motor neurons with spinal muscular atrophy, whereas virus-mediated overexpression of Plastin 3 restores actin cytoskeleton and promotes BDNF–TrkB signaling in the growth cones of spinal motor neurons.
Single-crystalline AlN/sapphire and composite electrode based ultra-high temperature surface acoustic wave devices
Authors: Zhang Yihong , Zhu Daiqing , Xuan Weipeng , Jin Hao , Dong Shurong , Luo Jikui
Published: February 2023

Single crystalline AlN material is very attractive for the development of high temperature electronic devices owing to its high temperature resistance. However, at ultrahigh temperatures, AlN film still will be oxidized and metal electrodes used for the devices will aggregate and vaporize. The deterioration of the material and metal electrodes eventually fails the AlN-based devices. Here, we report a single crystalline AlN film-based ultrahigh temperature surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. By using a thin alumina (Al2O3) protection layer on surface, oxidation of the AlN piezoelectric film was effectively inhibited at high temperatures. A composite electrode based on multilayer structure of Pt-Rh and Al2O3 was designed and fabricated, with the Al2O3 layer as the diffusion barrier layers to suppressed inter-diffusion, agglomeration and vaporization of the metals. The results showed that the developed AlN SAW devices can withstand high temperatures, and work well at temperatures up to 1400 °C.
Heart rate characteristic based modelling of atrial fibrillatory rate using implanted cardiac monitor data
Authors: Saiz-Vivo Javier , Abdollahpur Mostafa , Mainardi Luca T , Corino Valentina D A , De Melis Mirko , Hatala Robert , Sandberg Frida
Published: February 2023

Objective. The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of using heart rate characteristics to estimate atrial fibrillatory rate (AFR) in a cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients continuously monitored with an implantable cardiac monitor. We will use a mixed model approach to investigate population effect and patient specific effects of heart rate characteristics on AFR, and will correct for the effect of previous ablations, episode duration, and onset date and time. Approach. The f-wave signals, from which AFR is estimated, were extracted using a QRST cancellation process of the AF episodes in a cohort of 99 patients (67% male; 57 ± 12 years) monitored for 9.2(0.2–24.3) months as median(min-max). The AFR from 2453 f-wave signals included in the analysis was estimated using a model-based approach. The association between AFR and heart rate characteristics, prior ablations, and episode-related features were modelled using fixed-effect and mixed-effect modelling approaches. Main results. The mixed-effect models had a better fit to the data than fixed-effect models showing h.c. of determination (R2 = 0.49 versus R2 = 0.04) when relating the variations of AFR to the heart rate features. However, when correcting for the other factors, the mixed-effect model showed the best fit (R2 = 0.04). AFR was found to be significantly affected by previous catheter ablations (p < 0.05), episode duration (p < 0.05), and irregularity of the RR interval series (p < 0.05). Significance. Mixed-effect models are more suitable for AFR modelling. AFR was shown to be faster in episodes with longer duration, less organized RR intervals and after several ablation procedures.
Preparation and characterization of nano- Fe(OH)3, its composites with two natural zeolites, and granulation of them for nitrate removal from polluted water
Authors: Khatamian Maasoumeh , Nami Shamin Hosseini , Mosayeb Shahin Gholizadeh Haji , Divband Baharak
Published: February 2023

The development of a cost-efficient, highly effective, and granular shape adsorbent is highly desired for nitrate removal. In this study, two different Fe(OH)3 nanoparticles with amorphous and crystalline structures, and nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using the ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation. Both nanoparticles were scrutinized using FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Crystallized Fe(OH)3/zeolite nanocomposites were not efficient for nitrate removal;hence, the rest of the study was carried out with amorphous Fe(OH)3 nanoparticles (Am-Fe(OH)3). Clinoptilolite and analcime were acid-washed and used as a support for synthesized Am-Fe(OH)3 nanoparticles. Nanocomposites of clinoptilolite and analcime were abbreviated as Fe(OH)3/Clin and Fe(OH)3/Anc, respectively. The nanocomposites were characterized by BET, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD techniques. Subsequently, granules of the above-mentioned nanocomposites were prepared using the wet gelation method and alginate. Two crucial features of pH and adsorbent:alginate ratio, were assessed and optimized as 11–12 and 1:3, respectively. The performance of granules were investigated regarding pH, time, and adsorbent dosage. Fe(OH)3/Clin and Fe(OH)3/Anc granules removed 96.82% and 34.02% of nitrate from a contaminated solution with initial concertation of 50 mg l−1. Overall, Fe(OH)3/Clin granule was an effective adsorbent for nitrate removal. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe(OH)3/Anc and Fe(OH)3/Clin were 0.4443 mg g−1 and 5.6211 mg g−1 for 0.2 g of each adsorbent, respectively. Both adsorbents displayed good compatibility with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Effect of acetic acid on NMC811 electrode made by freeze casting
Authors: Wang Yan , Jiang Yilan , Huang Chun
Published: February 2023

To obtain higher capacity and meet the requirements of rapid charging and discharging, reasonable design of electrode structure is required. At the same time, although water-based binders are attempted to use in anode preparation, the pH rise and aluminium foil corrosion caused by the reaction of high nickel cathode materials and water cannot be avoided. In this paper, we used directional freeze casting technology to make porous electrodes, and we added acetic acid and used carbon-coated aluminium foil to try to improve it. After the performance of the electrode decreased in the first few cycles, the electrode obtained long-term excellent performance. The addition of acetic acid significantly improved the performance of NMC811 electrode, and the electrode capacity was further improved after adjusting the positive electrode structure in the freezing casting process. The discharge specific capacitance of the electrode is 189 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 94 mAh g−1 at 10 C. It is superior to the electrode manufactured by traditional PVDF-based binder.
Higher multipoles of highly symmetric charge distributions over Platonic solids
Authors: Hryhorchak Orest , Rovenchak Andrij
Published: February 2023

We analyze higher multipole moments (beyond dipole and quadrupole) in the expansion of the electrostatic potential produced by discrete as well as volume, surface, and linear continuous distributions of charges over five Platonic solids. In the case of tetrahedron, the lowest non-zero multipole moment is octupole. As the number of polyhedron vertices grows, the first non-zero elements arise at higher multipoles. Namely, for octahedron and cube, the lowest non-zero multipole moment is hexadecapole (24-pole). For icosahedron and dodecahedron, non-zero elements appear first in the 26-pole moment tensors.
Unveiling the similarities and dissimilarities between dynamic and thermodynamic phase transitions in a magnetic binary alloy system: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Yüksel Yusuf
Published: February 2023

Being inspired by the results of recent experimental work ‘Phys. Rev. E
102 022 804’, we perform a series of Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the dynamic critical properties of a binary magnetic alloy system composed of two different components with different spin moments with the chemical formula

A

(

p

A
)

B

(
1
−

p

A

)

. In the first part of the work, we concentrate our attention on the similarities between dynamic critical behavior and thermodynamic phase transition properties of the model. Finite-size scaling analyses suggest that the proposed binary alloy model exhibits 2D Ising universality class. In the second part, we examine the dynamic critical behavior in the presence of a magnetic bias field for which a metamagnetic sideband behavior originates in dynamic susceptibility curves. Our results yield that these metamagnetic anomalies survive for a wide range of magnetic atom concentration p

A
, and the strength of the anomalies observed in the field-dependent dynamic susceptibility varies very slowly with the T/T

c
ratio of the binary magnetic alloy.
Laser synthesis of ruby and its nanoparticles for photo-conversion of solar spectrum
Authors: Aiyyzhy K O , Barmina E V , Rakov I I , Voronov V V , Shafeev G A
Published: February 2023

Ruby grains are synthesized by laser heating of the dry mixture of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 in air. Quasi-continuous radiation of a Nd:YAG laser was used for this purpose with an average power of 15 W. The synthesized ruby was characterized by x-ray diffractometry. Ruby grains demonstrate strong photo-luminescence in the vicinity of 700 nm. Ruby particles were further fragmented to smaller particles using the technique of laser fragmentation in liquids and integrated into a polymer matrix. A luminescence map acquired with the help of a photo-fluorimeter confirms efficient photo-conversion of green-blue radiation of the synthesized ruby into the red region.
Quality control testing of the HCC ASIC for the HL-LHC ATLAS ITk strip detector
Authors: Dandoy J.R. , Dressnandt N.C. , Gosart T.C. , Gutierrez Zagazeta L.F. , Keener P.T. , Kroll J. , Lipeles E. , Lu S. , Mayers G. , McGovern R.P. , Newcomer F.M. , Nikolica A. , Reilly M.B. , Thomson E. , Wall A.
Published: February 2023

The high-luminosity upgrade to the LHC requires a new silicon-strip charged-particle tracking detector for ATLAS. The HCC (Hybrid Controller Chip) is one of three new radiation-tolerant ASICs for this silicon-strip detector. As the interface to multiple binary readout ASICs, the HCC is responsible for buffering and forwarding control signals and readout requests to them as well as serializing their readout data into a 640 Mbps output. All HCCs undergo a suite of tests to verify their analog and digital functionality. The yield for the HCC exceeds the 90% target for production.
Monte-Carlo simulation of charge sharing in 2 mm thick pixelated CdTe sensor
Authors: Jirsa J. , Gecnuk J. , Janoska Z. , Jakovenko J. , Kafka V. , Marcisovsky M. , Marcisovska M. , Stanek P. , Tomasek L. , Vancura P.
Published: February 2023

Precise physical models of sensors are essential for developing high precision pixelated detectors. Advanced technologies allowed pixel electronics to be integrated in tens of micrometers pixel pitch. Such fine pixelated detectors suffer from charge sharing effect and, in high-Z materials, also from fluorescent photons traversing one or more pixels. This work presents a Monte-Carlo model of a 2 mm thick 70 μm pitch pixelated CdTe sensor designed for simulation of the absorption of X-ray photons from monochromatic X-ray photon beams. Charge diffusion across a pixel matrix was computed using a drift-diffusion model for each photon generating free electron-hole pairs. Based on the simulation outcome, we estimated the dependence of cluster size on photon energy and total charge distribution between neighboring pixels.
CIC: a radiation tolerant 65 nm data aggregation ASIC for the future CMS tracking detector at LHC
Authors: Nodari B. , Bergamin G. , Caponetto L. , Caratelli A. , Ceresa D. , Galbit G. , Kloukinas K. , Scarfi’ S. , Viret S.
Published: February 2023

For the Phase II upgrade at HL-LHC, CMS needs a new Outer Tracker detector able to cope with reduced material budget, increased radiation tolerance and higher pile-up conditions with respect to LHC. The main feature of the Outer Tracker will be its inclusion at the first level of the CMS trigger system with data readout at 40 MHz. Two types of modules, Pixel-Strip and Strip-Strip will equip the Outer Tracker. Each module consists of a superposition of two silicon layers, able to detect charged particles, and an innovative readout electronics, allowing a significant data rate reduction. The Concentrator Integrated Circuit (CIC) is a 65 nm CMOS radiation tolerant front-end ASIC for both modules. It is considered a fundamental element of the future detector front-end chain due to its role in aggregating and compressing data from 8 front-end ASICs on each module. It reduces the data throughput by an order of magnitude. Two first version of the CIC were previously developed and tested. This paper will present the pre-production version, called CIC2.1, together with the functional and wafer test results.
Measurements of total ionizing dose effects in TPSCo 65 nm and influence of NMOS bulk bias
Authors: Dorda Martin A. , Ballabriga R. , Borghello G. , Campbell M. , Deng W. , Hong G.H. , Kremastiotis I. , Snoeys W. , Termo G.
Published: February 2023

The CERN EP R&D WP 1.2 aims to develop state-of-art monolithic pixel detectors using modern CMOS processes. The TPSCo 65 nm process is a suitable candidate and its radiation tolerance and sensor performance are therefore being studied. The impact of the back bias on the transistor behavior has also been measured to provide the designers with accurate models. This process shows sensitivity to radiation and degradation mechanisms similar to previously studied 65 nm CMOS technologies, strongly dependent on the geometry of the transistors. This paper presents preliminary characterization results of this technology that can serve as a guideline for designers.
Electronics for the far-forward CMS muon detector upgrade, ME0
Authors: Carlson Joseph
Published: February 2023

With the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) we expect increased instantaneous luminosities up to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1, or five times more than the original values. In order to maintain performance of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment under these conditions, ME0 is one of three new muon sub-detectors being added, along with GE1/1 and GE2/1, which use the triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology. ME0 is designed to cover the forward region of 2.0 < |η| < 2.8, thus improving muon reconstruction at high background rates by supplementing other overlapping muon subsystems up to |η| = 2.4, while also extending the acceptance for the first time to |η| = 2.8. The readout electronics for ME0 must be designed to accommodate high data rates and be sufficiently radiation hard to operate close to the beamline. The Optohybrid (OH) board for ME0, which reads out data from the front-end VFAT3b ASICs, has therefore been designed to operate without an FPGA (unlike GE1/1 and GE2/1) to ensure radiation hardness. The ME0 OH uses the radiation-hard CERN-designed lpGBT ASIC and VTRx+ optical transceiver module for high bandwidth optical links up to 10.24 Gb/s. The backend system is based on the ATCA standard. The design and development status of the readout electronics for ME0 is presented, along with recent results from integration tests performed using the first prototypes.
Scaling up gas and electric cooking in low- and middle-income countries: climate threat or mitigation strategy with co-benefits?
Authors: Floess Emily , Grieshop Andrew , Puzzolo Elisa , Pope Dan , Leach Nicholas , Smith Christopher J , Gill-Wiehl Annelise , Landesman Katherine , Bailis Rob
Published: February 2023

Nearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We account for upstream and end-use emissions from gas and electric cooking, assuming electrical grids evolve according to the 2022 World Energy Outlook’s ‘Stated Policies’ Scenario. We input the emissions into a reduced-complexity climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and SLCFs, resulting in a roughly 5 millikelvin global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks from household air pollution. Full transitions to LPG or grid electricity in LMICs improve climate impacts over BAU trajectories.
Impacts of climate change on subannual hydropower generation: a multi-model assessment of the United States federal hydropower plant
Authors: Zhou Tian , Kao Shih-Chieh , Xu Wenwei , Gangrade Sudershan , Voisin Nathalie
Published: February 2023

Hydropower is a low-carbon emission renewable energy source that provides competitive and flexible electricity generation and is essential to the evolving power grid in the context of decarbonization. Assessing hydropower availability in a changing climate is technically challenging because there is a lack of consensus in the modeling representation of key dynamics across scales and processes. Focusing on 132 US federal hydropower plants, in this study we evaluate the compounded impact of climate and reservoir-hydropower models’ structural uncertainties on monthly hydropower projections. In particular, instead of relying on one single regression-based hydropower model, we introduce another conceptual reservoir operations-hydropower model in the assessment framework. This multi-model assessment approach allows us to partition uncertainties associated with both climate and hydropower models for better clarity. Results suggest that while at least 70% of the uncertainties at the annual scale and 50% at the seasonal scale can be attributed to the choice of climate models, up to 50% of seasonal variability can be attributed to the choice of hydropower models, particularly in regions over the western US where the reservoir storage is substantial. The analysis identifies regions where multi-model assessments are needed and presents a novel approach to partition uncertainties in hydropower projections. Another outcome includes an updated evaluation of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)-based federal hydropower projection, at the monthly scale and with a larger ensemble, which can provide a baseline for understanding future assessments based on CMIP6 and beyond.
Massive intentional enoxaparin overdose managed with minimal protamine: A single case report
Authors: de Olano Jonathan , Howland Mary Ann , Su Mark K
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The case of a patient with a massive acute enoxaparin overdose managed with observation and minimal doses of protamine sulfate is reported.

Acute enoxaparin overdoses are uncommonly reported and management is widely variable. A 25-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) shortly after reporting that he had attempted suicide by injecting himself with 31 syringes of 80 mg of enoxaparin (a total of 2,480 mg) in the abdomen and other areas of his body. The patient also had self-inflicted superficial lacerations of the forearm. Due to concern over suspected compartment syndrome in the forearm, 25 mg of protamine was administered. Approximately 11 hours after reported enoxaparin self-injection, the patient’s activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was 206 seconds, prompting administration of an additional 50 mg of protamine. Three hours later, the aPTT had decreased to 79 seconds, then rose over several hours to 127 seconds before gradually declining to normal values. Protamine administration had no appreciable impact on anti–factor Xa activity. The patient did not require any blood products during the hospital admission. There were no further complications, and the patient was discharged to the inpatient psychiatry service on hospital day 8.

Conclusion

The case highlights the role of protamine as a reversal agent in the management of low-molecular-weight heparin overdoses. The optimal dosing and efficacy of protamine for this indication needs further investigation.
Detecting early-warning signals for influenza by dysregulated dynamic network biomarkers
Authors: Huo Yanhao , Li Chuchu , Li Yujie , Li Xianbin , Xu Peng , Bao Zhenshen , Liu Wenbin
Published: February 2023

As a dynamical system, complex disease always has a sudden state transition at the tipping point, which is the result of the long-term accumulation of abnormal regulations. This paper proposes a novel approach to detect the early-warning signals of influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1) outbreaks by dysregulated dynamic network biomarkers (dysregulated DNBs) for individuals. The results of cross-validation show that our approach can detect early-warning signals before the symptom appears successfully. Unlike the traditional DNBs, our dysregulated DNBs are anchored and very few, which is essential for disease early diagnosis in clinical practice. Moreover, the genes of dysregulated DNBs are significantly enriched in the influenza-related pathways. The source code of this paper can be freely downloaded from https://github.com/YanhaoHuo/dysregulated-DNBs.git.
Generalizations of the genomic rank distance to indels
Authors: Pereira Zanetti João Paulo , Peres Oliveira Lucas , Chindelevitch Leonid , Meidanis João
Published: February 2023

Motivation

The rank distance model represents genome rearrangements in multi-chromosomal genomes as matrix operations, which allows the reconstruction of parsimonious histories of evolution by rearrangements. We seek to generalize this model by allowing for genomes with different gene content, to accommodate a broader range of biological contexts. We approach this generalization by using a matrix representation of genomes. This leads to simple distance formulas and sorting algorithms for genomes with different gene contents, but without duplications.

Results

We generalize the rank distance to genomes with different gene content in two different ways. The first approach adds insertions, deletions and the substitution of a single extremity to the basic operations. We show how to efficiently compute this distance. To avoid genomes with incomplete markers, our alternative distance, the rank-indel distance, only uses insertions and deletions of entire chromosomes. We construct phylogenetic trees with our distances and the DCJ-Indel distance for simulated data and real prokaryotic genomes, and compare them against reference trees. For simulated data, our distances outperform the DCJ-Indel distance using the Quartet metric as baseline. This suggests that rank distances are more robust for comparing distantly related species. For real prokaryotic genomes, all rearrangement-based distances yield phylogenetic trees that are topologically distant from the reference (65% similarity with Quartet metric), but are able to cluster related species within their respective clades and distinguish the Shigella strains as the farthest relative of the Escherichia coli strains, a feature not seen in the reference tree.

Availability and implementation

Code and instructions are available at https://github.com/meidanis-lab/rank-indel.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Impact of Neurofibromatosis type 1 on Quality of Life (INF1-QoL) questionnaire
Authors: Bicudo Natália P , Germano Carla Maria Ramos , de Avó Lucimar R S , Ferner Rosalie E , Melo Débora G
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to adapt the Impact of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 on Quality of Life (INF1-QoL) questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese and assess its psychometric properties. The INF1-QoL was adapted using a translation-back-translation method, and a pretest was conducted with 101 adults with NF1. Cronbach’s α revealed that the INF1-QoL questionnaire was reliable (0.801). An exploratory factor analysis uncovered two latent factors, which explained 49% of the variance in the results. The factor structure provided adequate composite reliability indices, replicability estimates and goodness-of-fit indices. The INF1-QoL questionnaire was translated, adapted and validated in the Brazilian context. It is a useful patient-reported outcome measure for NF1 healthcare providers in Brazil.
Multiple adult xanthogranuloma as the first sign of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: Sun Lanyu , Brazão Claudia , Mancha Dora , Soares-de-Almeida Luís , Tapadinhas Cristina , Filipe Paulo
Published: February 2023

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman with multiple adult xanthogranuloma that developed before a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. There are few reports in the literature of multiple adult xanthogranuloma and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia associated with multiple adult xanthogranuloma.
Topical steroid withdrawal is not a myth. Comment on ‘#corticophobia: a review on online misinformation related to topical steroids’
Authors: Moss Celia , Ross Katy , Proctor Andrew
Published: February 2023

This is a response to the recent article by Finnegan et al. that reviews ‘misinformation’ relating to atopic dermatitis. We question the authors’ preconceptions about what is true and what is false, in particular that topical steroid withdrawal syndrome is a myth and that long-term use of topical corticosteroids is known to be safe.
Influenza vaccination in patients affected by diabetes
Authors: Verket Marlo , Jacobsen Malte , Schütt Katharina , Marx Nikolaus , Müller-Wieland Dirk
Published: February 2023

Type 2 diabetes, obesity-related metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are the most common metabolic disorders associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In addition, patients with Type 2 diabetes have an increased risk for a more severe course of influenza virus infection, a common pandemic. There is increasing evidence that influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes can safely and effectively reduce all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. The effects of vaccination appear to be more effective when using higher-dose and quadrivalent vaccines, although subgroup-specific separate analyses in patients with diabetes are lacking. Clinical recommendations address influenza vaccination in all adults with diabetes. From our point of view, it should be an integral part of treatment strategies in patients with diabetes.
Time-domain source parameter estimation ofMw 3–7 earthquakes in Japan from a large database of moment-rate functions
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: February 2023

Time-domain analyses of seismic waveforms have revealed diverse source complexity in large earthquakes (Mw > 7). However, source characteristics of small earthquakes have been studied by assuming a simple rupture pattern on the frequency domain. This study utilizes high-quality seismic network data from Japan to systematically address the source complexities and radiated energies of Mw 3–7 earthquakes on the time domain. We first determine the apparent moment-rate functions (AMRFs) of the earthquakes using the empirical Green's functions. Some of the AMRFs show multiple peaks, suggesting complex ruptures at multiple patches. We then estimate the radiated energies (ER) of 1736 events having more than ten reliable AMRFs. The scaled energy (eR = ER/M0) does not strongly depend on the seismic moment (M0), focal mechanisms, or depth. The median value of eR is 3.7 × 10−5, which is comparable to those of previous studies; however, eR varies by approximately one order of magnitude among earthquakes. We measure the source complexity based on the radiated energy enhancement factor (REEF). The values of REEF differ among earthquakes, implying diverse source complexity. The values of REEF do not show strong scale dependence for Mw 3–7 earthquakes, suggesting that the source diversity of smaller earthquakes is similar to that of larger earthquakes at their representative spatial scales. Applying a simple spectral model (e.g. the ω2-source model) to complex ruptures may produce substantial estimation errors in source parameters.