bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of geoinformation technologies in the grain farming industry
Authors: Petrova Svetlana , Zyukin Danil
Published: October 2021

The paper studies the introduction and the most effective use of information technologies in grain economy, the largest and most important segment of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The state of this segment strongly determines the food security and the development of related agricultural areas. Information technology is presented as a fundamental factor in the increase of the competitiveness of national grain in global market, as it ensures cost optimization at all stages of the reproduction chain of the grain-product sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex: from the cultivation of grain crops to logistics operations and grain delivery to international partners. There are many grain production automation areas. Geoinformation technologies are the most effective and rapidly developing area. The article examines modules that can be combined into a single information system that can be used by grain producers or as independent software systems. Within each direction, attention is paid to each area. The article aims to find the most efficient and less costly ways to increase the volume of grain production. The study found out that the automation of even one area can increase the turnover in grain production. However, this method is not less expensive. It requires various resources: financial, technical, time, and labour ones.
Modern trends in the development of agrarian sector
Authors: Mukhametgaliev Farit , Gainutdinov Ilgizar , Khismatullin Marsel , Sitdikova Landysh , Mukhametgalieva Farida
Published: October 2021

The paper is relevant due to the need to ensure the sound functioning of all links constituting the economic agrarian sector by deepening research and elaborating recommendations to improve the economic mechanism for managing rural commodity producers in the face of fierce competition in the global food market. The paper proposes development trends and rationale for priority directions to nourish agrarian business and agricultural production. The paper is devoted to a comprehensive study of the current agrarian sector of the economy and the priority areas for sustainable agrarian business entities functioning in modern conditions of external and internal socio-political challenges. It provides a scientific rationale for the directions of state regulation of processes in rural areas. It defines the priority strategic directions for agrarian sector to flourish, improving the mechanisms of state regulation of agriculture. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper will solve the problem of sustainable growth in the production of competitive agricultural products, increasing the efficiency of state support, strengthening the economy of agricultural producers and ensuring the socio-economic development of rural areas.
Epiphytic bet-mannanase producing bacterial strains
Authors: Epova Ekaterina , Petrova Svetlana , Trubnikova Elena , Danilova Maria
Published: October 2021

Dry remains of the herbal species of the plantain (Plantago major), the wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) and the reed grass (Calamagrostis acutiflora) were used as a natural source for isolation of β- mannanase producing strains. They were isolated by using the carob gum as a single source of carbon and energy. Each chosen plant species was found to be colonized with a single dominant epiphytic group of microorganism, although the plants had been collected in the same location. Bacillus circulans was only found in P. major, Bacillus subtilis on A. vulgaris, whereas Pantoea sp. was found in C. acutiflora. Identification of the taxonomy affiliation of the isolated β-mannanase producers allowed using the formerly proposed primers for PCR cloning of β-mannanase genes previously occurred in the respective bacterial species. This approach let us cloning 330 bp fragment of β-mannanase genes from B. circulans and B. subtilis and 1000 bp fragment of β-mannanase gene from Pantoea sp. Testing the enzymatic activity of the isolated strains by staining the carob gum hydrolysis zones on the plates with Congo Red was carried out. As a result, the maximum activity was found in Pantoea sp.
Nutritional and technological parameters of common bean varieties bred at Omsk State Agrarian University
Authors: Kazydub Nina , Kuzmina Svetlana , Kovalenko Aleksandr
Published: October 2021

In the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia the shortage of proteins can be overcome cultivating legumes such as beans, peas, broad beans and chickpeas. The varieties of dry and green beans bred at Omsk State Agrarian University are adapted to the conditions of the southern forest-steppe; they are characterized by high and stable productivity and possess high compensatory abilities as regards unfavourable environmental factors (drought, waterlogging, ground frost and others). The aim of the research was to determine the technological and nutritional parameters of the grains of common bean varieties bred at the University (protein and sucrose content, seed cooking rate). 6 varieties of common beans bred at the University served as research materials. As a results, the following varieties were identified as possessing valuable technological and nutritional properties: high protein content – Fizkulturnitsa (23.75 %), Lukerya (23.6 %), Omskaya yubileinaya (24.6 %) and Olivkovaya (25.5 %); high zinc content – Fizkulturnitsa (36.86 mg/kg), Lukerya (40.93 mg/kg) and Olivkovaya (40.35 mg/kg); high iron content – Olivkovaya (108.00 mg/kg); high iodine content – Lukerya (0.23 mg/kg) and Olivkovaya (0.21 mg/kg); high calcium content – Fizkulturnitsa (1.86 %); fast seed cooking rate – Fizkulturnitsa, Omichka and Lukerya (57-59 min); high sucrose content in the leaves – Omichka, Olivkovaya, Lukerya and Fizkulturnitsa (0.10-0.15 %).
Improving the Quality of Training of Engineering Personnel for the Agro-Industrial Complex
Authors: Nezhmetdinova Farida , Valiev Ayrat , Fassakhova Guzel , Ziganshin Bulat , Dmitriev Andrey
Published: October 2021

The article notes the need to improve the quality of engineering personnel training for the agricultural economy. This is due to the fact that the development of modern agricultural production and the sharply accelerated processes of developing and implementing innovative technologies in production against the background of increasing attention to digital technologies in agriculture require a radical modernization of the technical base of the agricultural sector of the economy. The article presents the concept of agricultural classes for young people in rural areas. This concept represents a positive experience of early involvement of young people in agricultural specialties and especially engineering personnel. A special feature of this approach is the involvement of specific agricultural producers, who are anchor employers in these territories, in the early career guidance of young people. The importance of agricultural classes is that already at school, the student can form his attitude to agriculture and by the time of graduation decided what profession and specialty he wants to master. The connection between school and university formed with the help of agricultural classes helps today's students to make a choice that will determine their future life. And its correctness depends not only on the future of one person, but also on the agriculture of the country as a whole. The article presents the experience of creating and operating agricultural classes created in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) by Kazan State Agrarian University, which can be replicated for other countries and will help reduce the negative trends of the shortage of qualified engineering personnel for agricultural production.
Efficiency of natural adaptogens for organic products
Authors: Yarovan N , Bondarenko E , Boytsova O , Sergachev A , Komissarova N
Published: October 2021

In the conditions of modern anthropogenic pollution of the environment, the creation of organic agricultural products becomes ever more relevant. The production of organic products requires special technologies, namely, production without the use of agrochemicals, antibiotics, hormones, preparations that stimulate the animal growth and fattening, as well as pesticides. Pesticide use causes both acute and chronic poisoning of humans and animals. The paper presents the study of feed, meat and dairy products for the presence of pesticides. Our studies on pesticide content in food products from Oryol Oblast showed a small number of pesticides: hexachloride, dichlordiphenyl trichlormethyl methane and glyphosate. However, according to the Federal Law No. 280 of 03.08.2018 “On Organic Products and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”, even such an amount of pesticides does not allow attributing products to organic. The purpose of the study was to normalize the biochemical status of highproducing cows in the conditions of the industrial complex, which would allow obtaining organic products. As such, we proposed and tested the action of nettle, lecithin, sprout wheat grain, common thyme, Khotynets natural zeolites and marsh cinquefoil. Their positive effect is confirmed by the improvement of the studied biochemical blood values.
Technical and Economic Assessment of Local Power Supply Systems for Agro-Industrial Production in the Digital Economy
Authors: Vodyannikov Vladimir T. , Кhudyakova Elena V. , Nizamutdinov Marat M. , Subaeva Asiyа K. , Safiullin Ilnur N.
Published: October 2021

Energy and energy supply development determines the rate of production intensification, including agricultural production. The current state of rural power supply is characterized by a high degree of deterioration of electrical equipment, long distance overhead power lines, low reliability of low-voltage electrical networks, and a higher accident rate. With an aim of ensuring food security and export orientation of the industry for the next 5 years, it is necessary to implement a set of measures to improve the efficiency of energy supply to agricultural production. This task will be hampered by a constant rise in prices and tariffs for energy resources. Thus, over the last 20 years, energy costs have increased from 3-5 % to 30-40 % in agricultural production. The specific capital investment (per 1 kW of power) and the cost of 1 kWh of electricity were reported to depend on a type of local energy source and its capacity. The paper proposes a method for marking out the economic boundaries of the effective use of local power supply arrangements to replace a standard central station. A power gen-set supplying energy to an agricultural holding is capable of operating in two modes subsequent upon utility (central station) electricity – autonomous and parallel. The authors compared the cost of electrical and thermal energy produced by the power gen-set and tariffs for these types of energy. Calculations have shown that it is advisable for an agricultural holding to have a local power supply system being a power gen-set based on gas engine-generators.
Formation of technical potential of agriculture in the conditions of the digital economy
Authors: Subaeva Asiya Kamilevna , Mavlieva Leysan Mingalievna , Alexandrova Natalia Rodionovna
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the role of digitalization of the technical potential of the agricultural industry, describes the factors that have a significant impact on the digitalization of technical potential. The material systematizes data on the formation and development of the technical potential of agriculture. The paper shows that the digital ecosystem is based on the functioning of a complex of electronic platforms, which combine the full range of data on the dynamics of development and the potential of each area of the agro-industrial complex. The elements of production potential, as a historically developing category, have been identified. It was revealed that for the transformation of agriculture, it is necessary to change the development of the reproduction process, which depends, first, on the volume of funds invested, while investments should be aimed at replenishing and updating fixed and circulating assets, the introduction of progressive digital technologies. The basis for the digital transformation of agriculture should be the improvement of the technical characteristics of labor instruments and the equipment of workers, which provides the bulk of the growth in production efficiency.
Study of anti-free radical action of phytopreparations and their effectiveness on animals
Authors: Yarovan Natalya , Bondarenko Elena , Komissarova Natalya , Sergachev Alexei , Gribanova Natalya
Published: October 2021

With industrial technologies of animal husbandry, the state of the animal’s body is characterized by the presence of metabolic disorders considered as oxidative stress. Currently, in animal husbandry, characterized by stressful content in industrial complexes, the use of adaptogenic drugs is required; however, among their abundance, phytobiotics are the most effective in terms of optimizing metabolic processes. Phytobiotics are herbal preparations that are sources of biologically active substances. The work shows the results of studying anti-free radicals of phytobiotics (nettle, germinated wheat sprouts, clover, licorice, marsh cinquefoil and cranberry) in the POL-AOS model system and the results of the application of the developed method of antioxidant protection for high-yielding cows kept under stressful conditions under industrial dairy management. cattle breeding. The basic mechanism of action of phytopreparations based on nettle, germinated sprouts of wheat, clover, licorice, marsh cinquefoil and cranberry in the correction and prevention of biochemical disorders caused by stress is inhibition of free radical oxidation and activation of endogenous antioxidants.
Results of production tests of the “Hyponat-BPO”
Authors: Popov Peter A. , Timofeeva Irina V. , Lavina Svetlana A.
Published: October 2021

The development of new detergent agents is mainly due to the creation of new compositions of chemical agents, which increases their cost. The article presents the results of production tests of the previously developed disinfection modes for refrigerators “Giponat BPO”. As a result of the production tests, it was found that the disinfectant “Hyponat BPO” provides 100% disinfection of refrigerated chambers, as well as auxiliary equipment at meat processing plants. Thus, it was found that the positive effect of surface disinfection when controlled by a test culture of E. coli was achieved by the use of a 2% solution with an exposure of 30 minutes, staphylococcus with a -3% solution and an exposure of 50 minutes and when controlled by a TMC -4% solution and an exposure of 60 minute.
The effectiveness of enzyme preparations in broiler chicken diets
Authors: Reznichenko Liudmila , Reznichenko Aleksei , Shcherbinin Roman , Manokhin Andrej
Published: October 2021

With the wrong use of antibiotics for agricultural poultry, the effectiveness of their effect on the body is noticeably reduced, since pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms become resistant to them for a certain time, i.e., there is a process of “addiction“. Experience shows that enrichment of feed rations with enzyme preparations and vitamins improves the functioning of the stomach and intestines, increases the natural resistance of the body, as a result of which the mortality of poultry decreases, the absorption of feed is significantly increased and their costs per unit of production are reduced. We studied the effect of the new vitamin-enzyme complex Vitaferm on the organism of broilers against the background of the exclusion of antibacterial drugs from the antiepizootic measures scheme and compared its effect with the enzyme preparation Avizim 110. The studies carried out indicate the positive effect of Vitafarm and Avizim 110 on the poultry organism, which is manifested by an increase in average daily poultry gains, an increase in safety, and a decrease in feed costs per unit of production. These changes can be explained by the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens and increased immunity. Antibiotics suppress the body’s immune system; upset the balance of the intestinal microflora. For the complete or partial exclusion of antibacterial drugs from the scheme of antiepizootic measures, it is proposed to apply to broiler chickens with feed the vitamin-enzyme complex of Vitaferm at the rate of 15.0 g / kg starting from day old for 10 days.
The effectiveness of using Metallocene fertilizers for the spray-dressing of winter wheat
Authors: Vafin Ilshat , Safin Radik
Published: October 2021

This article presents the impact assessment results for the spay-dressing of different Metallocene compound fertilizers containing chelated microelements on the yield and quality of winter wheat seeds of the Kazanskaya 560 variety. The research was carried out on the grey forest soils in the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2017–2020. The plants were dressed with fertilizers in the autumn and the spring and summer period. In the autumn, we used the fertilizer containing manganese (Metallocene D), and in the spring and summer period (the tillering and earing stages of the winter wheat), we used the Metallocene Universal compound fertilizer with several microelements. During the research, we established that applying the manganese-containing Metallocene D in the autumn has a significant positive effect on the growth and dry biomass accumulation of the winter wheat. The dressing with Metallocene Universal during the tillering and earing stages following the application of Metallocene D in the autumn resulted in an increased/stimulated plant growth and development. The highest yield of winter wheat (3.45 t/ha or 46 % above the reference value) was obtained through the dressing of Metallocene D at a rate of 2 l/ha in the autumn, and the spraying of the plants with Metallocene Universal done twice during the spring and summer period. The autumn application of Metallocene D and the twofold application of Metallocene Universal improve the qualitative parameters of new winter wheat seeds. The use of fertilizers in questions improved the laboratory germination of the seeds and significantly reduced the root rot agent infection rate. The twofold dressing during the spring and summer period following the autumn dressing helped to suppress the most dangerous infections, such as the fusarium blight and the Helmintosporium disease, in the new seeds almost completely. The research conducted showed that Metallocene fertilizers can be successfully used to improve the production of winter wheat and seeds.
Prospektive Untersuchung der mittelfristigen Ergebnisse nach autologer Fetttransplantation in arthrotische Sattelgelenke
Authors: Meyer-Marcotty Max V. , Batsilas Ioannis , Fischer Hubert , Dahmann Sonja , Happe Caroline , Herold Christian
Published: October 2021

Ziel Prospektive Untersuchung der mittelfristigen Ergebnisse nach autologer Fetttransplantation in arthrotische Sattelgelenke.

Patienten und Methoden 23 von 27 Patienten (22 Frauen und 5 Männer) mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 59,8 (49–83) Jahren, bei denen bei einer Rhizarthrose eine autologe Fetttransplantation in das Sattelgelenk erfolgte, konnten durchschnittlich nach 45,3 (39,3–50,9) Monaten nachuntersucht werden. 4 Patienten wurden bei zwischenzeitlich erfolgter Trapezektomie von der Nachuntersuchung ausgeschlossen. Erfasst wurden das Schmerzniveau (VAS), die Grob- und die Pinchkraft und der DASH-Score.

Ergebnisse Die durchschnittliche Pinchkraft verbesserte sich von präoperativ 3,7 kg auf 5,1 kg (p = 0,052). Die durchschnittliche Grobkraft von 22,2 kg auf 22,8 kg (p = 0,506). Der DASH-Score verbesserte sich hochsignifikant von präoperativ 50,8 Punkte auf 29,6 Punkte postoperativ (p = 0,000). Das durchschnittliche Schmerzniveau sank hochsignifikant von präoperativ 5,9 auf 1,9 (p = 0,000). Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Sattelgelenksarthrose erzielten ähnlich gute Ergebnisse wie Patienten mit einer Arthrose im Anfangsstadium.

Schlussfolgerung Die autologe Fetttransplantation in arthrotische Sattelgelenke zeigt auch im mittelfristigen Verlauf gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse, Pinchkraft, Schmerzniveau und DASH-Score betreffend und ist eine sichere, minimalinvasive vielversprechende Therapiealternative zu den herkömmlichen Operationsverfahren.
Management der nicht dialysepflichtigen chronischen Niereninsuffizienz aus hausärztlicher Sicht – eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Haase Annekathrin , Stracke Sylvia , Chenot Jean-François , Weckmann Gesine
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund Die chronische Niereninsuffizienz (CKD) ist eine häufige Diagnose im höheren Alter, meistens bedingt durch die Grunderkrankungen Diabetes mellitus und arterielle Hypertonie. Sie verläuft lange asymptomatisch und nur ein geringer Patiententeil wird im Verlauf eine terminale Niereninsuffizienz entwickeln und eine Nierenersatztherapie benötigen. Betroffene werden primär von Hausärzten behandelt.

Ziel Ziel der Studie war es, das Management von Patienten mit einer nicht dialysepflichtigen chronischen Niereninsuffizienz aus Sicht von Hausärzten zu untersuchen.

Methoden Es wurden 5 Gruppendiskussionen mit jeweils maximal 5 Hausärzten (n = 22) durchgeführt. Das Material wurde aufgenommen und transkribiert, um inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet zu werden.

Ergebnisse Als wichtigste Behandlungsmaßnahmen bei der CKD wurden die Optimierung der Grunderkrankungen, die Medikamentenanpassung und die Überweisung an einen Nephrologen genannt. Die Hausärzte betonten, beim Management die Individualität ihrer CKD-Patienten zu berücksichtigen. Allerdings gibt es Themenbereiche, bei denen die Zusammenarbeit als nicht positiv betrachtet wird, beispielsweise bei palliativen Patienten oder der häufigen Wiedervorstellung bei älteren Patienten. Bei den meisten älteren und multimorbiden Patienten mit einer oft eingeschränkten Lebenserwartung müssen Hausärzte individuell entscheiden, für welche Patienten eine Überweisung zum Nephrologen am ehesten nützlich ist.

Diskussion Die befragten Hausärzte berichteten, dass sie ihre Entscheidungen zum Management von CKD auf individuelle Patientenfaktoren, wie beispielsweise ein höheres Patientenalter oder Multimorbidität, basierten.
Silicon Resorption from Equisetum arvense Tea – A Randomized, Three-Armed Pilot Study
Authors: Winker Moritz , Zimmermann-Klemd Amy Marisa , Devi Seema , Waterstradt Aljoscha , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Huber Roman , Gründemann Carsten
Published: October 2021

Equisetum arvense tea (TEA) contains high concentrations of silicon and has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. We examined the resorption of silicon after TEA consumption. Safety and immunological effects were secondary outcomes. A monocentric, randomized, three-armed pilot study was conducted with 12 voluntary, healthy, male subjects. The study is registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS-ID: DRKS00016628). After a low silicon diet for 36 hours, 1000 mL TEA1 with approximately 200 000 µg silicon/L, TEA2 with approximately 750 000 µg silicon/L, or Si-low-Water (approximately 10 – 10 000 µg silicon/L as a control) were ingested on three consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, day 1 examining silicon kinetics, day 3 examining silicon accumulation, and day 8 (safety, immunological parameters). Si-low-Water intake did not change silicon serum (Cmax 294 µg/L) or urine
(19 000 µg/24 h) concentrations compared to baseline. Cmax was 2855 µg/L for TEA1 and 2498 µg/L for TEA2; tmax was 60 and 120 min, respectively. Silicon accumulation did not occur. Urine silica within 24 h (E24 h) was higher after TEA2 compared to TEA1 ingestion (142 000 vs. 109 000 µg/24 h). Serum silicon levels at t = 120 min differed significantly after intake of TEA2 or intake of Si-low-Water (p = 0.029). The immunological parameters did not show any significant changes indicating immunosuppressive effects in volunteers. TEA1 was well tolerated, while TEA2 caused diarrhoea in 4 subjects. Our investigations show that intake of TEA1 leads to significant rise in serum silicon concentration.
Rauchen in Filmen: Stand der Umsetzung der WHO-Empfehlungen zum Jugendschutz
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Neumann Clemens , Wolff Lena , Morgenstern Matthis
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund Um die Exposition Jugendlicher mit Rauchszenen in Filmen zu verringern, hat die Weltgesundheitsorganisation dazu aufgerufen, Filme mit Rauchszenen als ungeeignet für Jugendliche einzustufen.

Ziel Prüfung der Frage, ob diese Empfehlung in Deutschland und den USA umgesetzt wird, durch einen Vergleich der Altersfreigaben von Filmen mit und ohne Rauchszenen in beiden Ländern.

Methode Auswahlkriterium für die Filme war das Einspielergebnis in deutschen Kinos im Jahr 2019. Inhaltsanalysiert wurden die 50 erfolgreichsten US-Produktionen und die 50 erfolgreichsten Produktionen aus Deutschland. Es wurde betrachtet, (1) wie hoch der Anteil an rauchfreien Filmen in diesen beiden Filmstichproben war und (2) wie hoch der Anteil der Filme mit Rauchszenen war, die als für Jugendliche geeignet eingestuft wurden. Als für Kinder und Jugendliche geeignet wurden alle Filme angesehen, deren Altersfreigabe unter 16 Jahren lag.

Ergebnisse Rauchfrei waren insgesamt 52 der 100 Filme. Bei den US-Produktionen lag die Quote bei 64 %, im Vergleich zu 40 % bei den deutschen Produktionen (p = 0,016). Nach dem deutschen Ratingsystem der FSK handelte es bei 87 % um jugendgeeignete Filme. Der Anteil an rauchfreien Filmen lag insgesamt bei Filmen mit Jugendeignung höher als bei Filmen ohne Jugendeignung (56 % vs. 23 %; p = 0,025). Von den 48 Filmen, in den geraucht wurde, stufte die FSK 38 Filme (79 %) als für Jugendliche geeignet ein. Im Hinblick auf die Jugendfreigabe für Filme mit Rauchszenen zeigte sich bei den Top-50 US-Produktionen kein Unterschied zwischen der MPAA- und der FSK-Einschätzung.

Schlussfolgerungen Weder die USA noch Deutschland haben die Empfehlung der Weltgesundheitsorganisation, Jugendliche vor Rauchszenen in Filmen zu schützen, zufriedenstellend umgesetzt. In Deutschland werden Filme mit Rauchszenen überwiegend jugendfrei eingestuft.
From Research to Clinical Practice: Long-Term Impact of Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effect of Lumbar Drains on Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rates Following Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Lavigne Philippe , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: October 2021

Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are associated with increased risk of postoperative CSF leaks despite multilayered reconstruction with vascularized tissue. A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the use of perioperative lumbar drains (LD) in high-risk skull base defects identified a significant reduction in postoperative CSF leak incidence (21.2 vs. 8.2%; p = 0.017). This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the selective use of CSF diversion, for patients with intraoperative CSF leaks involving endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) to the skull base.

Method Consecutive endoscopic endonasal surgeries of the skull base from a pre-RCT cohort and post-RCT cohort were compared. The following case characteristics between the two cohorts were examined: patient age, body mass index (BMI), rate of revision surgery, tumor histology, use of CSF diversion, and vascularized reconstruction. The primary measured outcome was postoperative CSF leak.

Results The pre-RCT cohort included 76 patients and the post-RCT cohort included 77 patients, with dural defects in either the anterior or posterior cranial fossa (pituitary and parasellar/suprasellar surgeries excluded). There was a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative CSF leak in the post-RCT cohort (27.6 vs. 12.9%; p = 0.04). On subgroup analysis, there was a trend toward improvement in CSF leak rate of the anterior cranial fossa (19.2 vs. 10.5%; p = 0.27), whereas CSF leak rates of the posterior cranial fossa were significantly reduced compared with the pre-RCT cohort (41.4 vs. 12.8%; p = 0.02).

Conclusion This study demonstrates that the integration of selective CSF diversion into the reconstructive algorithm improved postoperative CSF leak rates.
Acute Ligament Injuries of the Elbow
Authors: Edelmuth Diogo Guilherme Leão , Helito Paulo Victor Partezani , Correa Marcos Felippe de Paula , Bordalo-Rodrigues Marcelo
Published: October 2021

Ulnar collateral, radial collateral, lateral ulnar collateral, and annular ligaments can be injured in an acute trauma, such as valgus stress in athletes and elbow dislocation. Recognizing normal anatomy in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography studies is important to identify ligamentous abnormalities in these imaging modalities.
Improving Projection of the Nasal Tip in Primary Endonasal Rhinoplasty
Authors: Pastorek Norman , Cleveland Patrick
Published: October 2021

Gaining, improving, and maintaining nasal tip projection is one of the most essential elements of successful endonasal rhinoplasty. For years the hallmark of inadequate nasal tip projection following rhinoplasty has been the Polly beak deformity. Early rhinoplasty technique consisted of intracartilaginous excision of the cephalic margin of the lower lateral cartilages, cartilage and bony hump reduction, and osteotomies. Some of these simple rhinoplasties still look good decades later, however, many are conspicuous in their lack of nasal tip projection. The reason for this inconsistency in rhinoplasty results was the surgeon's inattention to the structural integrity and anatomical position of the LLC. The senior author uses a combination of suture, strut, and cartilage grafting techniques to achieve ideal projection in a manor tailored to each patient's unique anatomic needs.
Surgical Management of Intussusception in Children: A Retrospective Review of 212 Cases
Authors: Ghritlaharey Rajendra K.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to analyze and review the demographics of children operated upon for intussusception. Secondary objectives were to review the clinical characteristics, surgical procedures performed, postoperative complications, and outcome.

Materials and Methods

It is a single-institution, retrospective study and consists of children below the age of 12 years. This study was conducted at the author's department of pediatric surgery for the past 21 years, from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020.

Results

During the study period, 212 children were operated upon for intussusceptions and included 146 (68.86%) boys and 66 (31.13%) girls. This review consisted of infants 158 (74.52%), and children of 1 to 5 years of age (30; 14.15%), and 6 to 12 years of age (24; 11.32%). Clinically, 177 (83.49%) children presented with the features of acute intestinal obstruction, and the remaining 35 (16.5%) presented with features of perforation peritonitis. Primary (idiopathic) intussusception was documented in 188 (88.67%) of the cases. Gangrenous bowel was evident in 98 (46.22%) children. Sixty-two percent of the cases required bowel resection. Surgical procedures were executed in children for intussusception in the following order of frequency: (1) operative reduction with or without serosal tear/bowel perforation repair, n = 81 (38.2%); (2) resection of diseased ileum and ileoileal anastomosis, n = 52 (24.52%); (3) resection of diseased ileum ± part of colon and an ileostomy, n = 36 (16.98%); and (4) resection of diseased ileum, cecum, part of colon, and ileocolic (ileo-ascending or ileo-transverse) anastomosis, n = 43 (20.28%). Postoperatively, 9 (4.24%) children required reexploration for the management of their complications. Twenty-one (9.9%) children died during the postoperative period.

Conclusion

Intussusception remains the most common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in infants and young children. Delay in the referral, diagnosis, and seeking treatment were significantly associated with bowel gangrene, required bowel resection during the surgical therapy, and also culminated in significantly higher mortalities.
Sektoruntersuchung Krankenhäuser: „Unverzichtbare Kontrollinstanz“
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: October 2021

Nach fünf Jahren hat das Bundeskartellamt seine aufwendige Sektoruntersuchung Krankenhäuser abgeschlossen. Dafür wurde fast jede vierte deutsche Akutklinik befragt. Ergebnis: Für die Qualität der Gesundheitsversorgung ist Wettbewerb entscheidend – und damit auch die Fusionskontrolle.
Reform der medizinischen Versorgung: „Wir müssen die Sektorengrenzen niederreißen“
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2021

Zur Bundestagswahl haben AOK, Helios und weitere Klinikträger ein Positionspapier für eine Reform der medizinischen Versorgungsstrukturen vorgestellt. Helios-CEO Francesco De Meo und Dr. Sabine Richard vom AOK-Bundesvorstand sprechen im Interview mit kma über längst überholte Versorgungsstrukturen, die Vorteile regionaler Modelle – und erklären, warum pauschale Klinikschließungen nicht weiterführen.
Fachkräftemangel im ländlichen Raum: Von Mexiko nach Ichenhausen
Authors: Neuhaus Maryline
Published: October 2021

Gerade im ländlichen Raum erschwert der Fachkräftemangel die medizinische Versorgung von Patient-innen und Patienten. Um dem zu begegnen, hat die Bundesagentur für Arbeit das Programm „Specialized!“ initiiert. Die m&i-Fachklinik Ichenhausen nimmt daran teil und beschäftigt seit diesem Jahr zwei mexikanische Ärztinnen.
Krankenhäuser sicher betreiben: Zwischen Hydra und Ponyhof
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: October 2021

Fallende moralische Schranken, die für einen effizienten Gesundheitsbetrieb unerlässliche Digitalisierung, Automatisierung und Technisierung, der Klimawandel mit zunehmenden Wetterextremen, die Covid-19-Pandemie: Neue Voraussetzungen und Gefahren erfordern angemessene Sicherheitskonzepte, ohne die altbekannten aus den Augen zu verlieren.
Die grössten Klinikdefizite: Wo hakt es in Deutschlands Krankenhäusern aus Sicht der Berater?
Authors: Zeuschner Rolf , Berger Manuel , Heitmann Christian , Köhn Andrea
Published: October 2021

Wo hakt es in Deutschlands Krankenhäusern aus Sicht der Berater?
Kliniksterben: Wie Krankenhäuser überleben können
Authors: Nikolic Djordje
Published: October 2021

Viele deutsche Kliniken sind von Insolvenz bedroht. Die finanzielle Unterstützung im Corona-Jahr 2020 hat ihre Liquiditätsprobleme verdeckt. Ihre wirtschaftliche Situation ist aber nach wie vor angespannt. Vor allem kleinere Häuser stehen vor der Herausforderung, strategische Anpassungen vornehmen zu müssen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt, was die Kliniken beachten sollten, um langfristig ihr Überleben zu sichern.
Chefarzt-Suche: Wettbewerbsfaktor Mensch
Authors: Augustin Jost
Published: October 2021

Personalmangel gibt es inzwischen auch unter den medizinischen Führungskräften. Nicht jeder möchte heute noch Chefärztin oder Chefarzt werden. Mit der richtigen Strategie können Krankenhäuser die passenden Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten gewinnen und langfristig an das Unternehmen binden.
Poisson_CCD: A dedicated simulator for modeling CCDs
Authors: Lage Craig , Bradshaw Andrew , Anthony Tyson J. ,   the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: October 2021

A dedicated simulator, Poisson_CCD, has been constructed which models astronomical CCDs by solving Poisson’s equation numerically and simulating charge transport within the CCD. The potentials and free carrier densities within the CCD are self-consistently solved for, giving realistic results for the charge distribution within the CCD storage wells. The simulator has been used to model the CCDs that are being used to construct the LSST digital camera. The simulator output has been validated by comparing its predictions with several different types of CCD measurements, including astrometric shifts, brighter-fatter induced pixel–pixel covariances, saturation effects, and diffusion spreading. The code is open source and freely available.
Innovative non-thermal plasma coating for “core–shell” CaCu3Ti4O12 material
Authors: Merad Samir , Neacsa Daniela Maria , Rusiecki Jean-Paul , Roger Sylvain , Gervais François , Autret-Lambert Cécile , Motret Olivier
Published: October 2021

Colossal permittivity of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) makes it a very interesting candidate for capacitor applications. To improve its properties, an innovative physical method based on a pulsed non-thermal micro-plasma treatment was set up to realize the coating of CCTO's grains (core) with silicon oxide (shell). This method is adapted to control the thickness and homogeneity of the shell, which will allow a better control of grain–grain boundary interfaces and improve the properties of this material. Best result is obtained for the set of gas mixture: Ar/O2/hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) = 2028 N cm3 min−1/7.84 N cm3 min−1/523 mg h−1, respectively, in plasma with a shell thickness of 50 nm. This study offers a new opportunity to quickly synthetize core–shell materials with a dry technique and without almost no secondary product resulting from the chemical reaction because it is in the gaseous state. A complete analysis of the plasma by optical emission spectroscopy in the UV-visible range shows that HMDSO molecules are totally dissociated in atomic (Si, C, and O) or simple radical species (C2 and CH) in the plasma phase. In addition, several thermometer species (OH°, CH, CN, N2, and N2+) are used to estimate excitation temperatures of the plasma (Trot, Tvib, and Te = 300 K, 2400–3700 K, and 5.3 eV, respectively) that clearly shows the non-equilibrium character and the efficiency of this plasma.
Detecting topological phase transitions in cadmium arsenide films via the transverse magnetoresistance
Authors: Shoron Omor F. , Kealhofer David A. , Goyal Manik , Schumann Timo , Burkov Anton A. , Stemmer Susanne
Published: October 2021

Topological protection against localization causes electrical transport phenomena in disordered topological materials to differ from those in topologically trivial systems. For example, a transition between a regime of weak localization to one of weak antilocalization can occur in systems such as topological insulators and topological semimetals when an external potential is applied across the system. Here, we report on the transverse magnetoresistance of thin films of cadmium arsenide, a topologically nontrivial, as we tune the electronic states and the Fermi level. We show that the appearance of weak localization and weak antilocalization sensitively reflects the relative contributions of multiple transport channels involving both gapless (massless) and gapped (massive) Dirac fermion states present in these films. The data are consistent with expectations of the different topological states of these films. Weak (anti-)localization phenomena can, therefore, serve as a probe of the types of Dirac fermions present in topological semimetals.
Synthesizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in epsilon-near-zero layered materials
Authors: Castaldi Giuseppe , Moccia Massimo , Galdi Vincenzo
Published: October 2021

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are highly confined, nonradiative modes that can exist in open structures, despite their potential compatibility and coupling with the radiation spectrum, and may give rise to resonances with arbitrary large lifetimes. Here, we study this phenomenon in layered materials featuring epsilon-near-zero constituents. Specifically, we outline a systematic procedure to synthesize quasi-BIC resonances at a given frequency, incidence angle, and polarization and investigate the role of certain critical parameters in establishing the quality factor of the resonances. Moreover, we also provide an insightful phenomenological interpretation in terms of the recently introduced concept of “photonic doping” and study the effects of the unavoidable material loss and dispersion. Our results indicate the possibility of synthesizing sharp resonances, for both transversely magnetic and electric polarizations, which are of potential interest for a variety of nanophotonics scenarios, including light trapping, optical sensing, and thermal radiation.
Strong π-stacking causes unusually large anisotropic thermal expansion and thermochromism
Authors: Dharmarwardana Madushani , Otten Brooke M. , Ghimire Mukunda M. , Arimilli Bhargav S. , Williams Christopher M. , Boateng Stephen , Lu Zhou , McCandless Gregory T. , Gassensmith Jeremiah J. , Omary Mohammad A.
Published: October 2021

Significance

π-stacking of polynuclear aromatic rings encompasses fundamental scientific phenomena in chemical bonding and photophysics with strong impacts on societal aspects that include electronic devices, DNA/RNA intercalation, and optical sensing of environmental pollutants. This work describes unusually strong π-stacking in a recently synthesized naphthalene-diimide derivative, as well as a prototypical π-stacked molecule, pyrene. The infinite/cooperative π-stacking in the former and dimer stacking in the latter are much stronger than previously thought to be possible for this type of supramolecular interaction, reaching ∼50 and 20 kcal ⋅ mol
−1
, respectively. This has led to unusually large anisotropic thermal expansion and multicycle/multicolor thermochromism in BNDI-T, whereas multiple unusual binding and photophysical properties have been discovered for the classical organic chromophore pyrene.
Fabry–Pérot cavities and quantum dot formation at gate-defined interfaces in twisted double bilayer graphene
Authors: Portolés Elías , Zheng Giulia , de Vries Folkert K , Zhu Jihang , Tomić Petar , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , MacDonald Allan H , Ensslin Klaus , Ihn Thomas , Rickhaus Peter
Published: October 2021

The rich and electrostatically tunable phase diagram exhibited by moiré materials has made them a suitable platform for hosting single material, multi-purpose devices. To engineer such devices, understanding electronic transport and localization across electrostatically defined interfaces is of fundamental importance. Little is known, however, about how the interplay between the band structure originating from the moiré lattice and electric potential gradients affects electronic confinement. Here, we electrostatically define a cavity across a twisted double bilayer graphene sample. We observe two kinds of Fabry–Pérot (FP) oscillations. The first, independent of charge polarity, stems from confinement of electrons between dispersive-band/flat-band interfaces. The second arises from junctions between regions tuned into different flat bands. When tuning the out-of-plane electric field across the device, we observe Coulomb blockade resonances in transport. This is an indication of strong electronic confinement. From the gate, magnetic field and source-drain voltage dependences of the resonances, we conclude that quantum dots form at the interfaces of the FP cavity. Our results constitute a first step toward better understanding interfacial phenomena in single crystal moiré devices.
Sol-gel-processed amorphous-phase ZrO2 based resistive random access memory
Authors: Kim Kyoungdu , Hong Woongki , Lee Changmin , Lee Won-Yong , Kim Do Won , Kim Hyeon Joong , Kwon Hyuk-Jun , Kang Hongki , Jang Jaewon
Published: October 2021

In this study, sol–gel-processed amorphous-phase ZrO2 was used as an active channel material to improve the resistive switching properties of resistive random access memories (RRAMs). ITO/ZrO2/Ag RRAM devices exhibit the properties of bipolar RRAMs. The effect of the post-annealing temperature on the electrical properties of the ZrO2 RRAM was investigated. Unlike the ZrO2 films annealed at 400 and 500 °C, those annealed at 300 °C were in amorphous phase. The RRAM based on the amorphous-phase ZrO2 exhibited an improved high-resistance state (HRS) to low-resistance state ratio (over 106) as well as promising retention and endurance characteristics without deterioration. Furthermore, its disordered nature, which causes efficient carrier scattering, resulted in low carrier mobility and the lowest leakage current, influencing the HRS values.
How well-conditioned can the eigenvector problem be?
Authors: Beltrán Carlos , Bétermin Laurent , Grabner Peter , Steinerberger Stefan
Published: October 2021

The condition number for eigenvector computations is a well-studied quantity. But how small can it possibly be? Specifically, what matrices are perfectly conditioned with respect to eigenvector computations? In this note we answer this question for

n
×
n

n \times n

matrices, giving a solution that is exact to first-order as

n
→
∞

n \rightarrow \infty

.
Maximal discrete subgroups of 𝑆𝑂⁺(2,𝑛+2)
Authors: Krieg Aloys , Schaps Felix
Published: October 2021

We characterize the maximal discrete subgroups ofSO+(2,n+2)SO^+(2,n+2), which contain the discriminant kernel of an even lattice with two hyperbolic planes overZ\mathbb {Z}. They coincide with the normalizers inSO+(2,n+2)SO^+(2,n+2)and are given by the group of all integral matrices insideSO+(2,n+2)SO^+(2,n+2), whenever the underlying lattice is maximal even. Finally we deal with the irreducible root lattices as examples.
Spatial estimation of fundamental mode dispersion curves using geostatistical techniques
Authors: Aguilar-Velázquez Manuel J , Gil-Vargas Nelson Alejandro , Pérez-Campos Xyoli , Baena-Rivera Marcela , Ramirez-Guzman Leonardo
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes the use of geostatistical techniques to estimate dispersion curves between other known ones. To do it, we introduce two novel methodologies: the stacking method and the group-velocity mapping method. We obtain our set of group-velocity fundamental mode dispersion curves from seismic noise correlation. Consequently, we first assign their attribution point at the mid-distance between the stations used for the dispersion curves calculation. The stacking method uses the range of the omnidirectional semivariogram of a regionalized variable that quantifies the similarity between dispersion curves to stack them according to their spatial correlation. We test this technique with dispersion curves obtained in Mexico City and get a range of ∼400 m for the omnidirectional semivariogram. We also calculate directional semivariograms and observe a maximum range (∼500 m) in the NW-SE direction, agreeing with the city's spatial distribution of natural periods. On the other hand, the group-velocity mapping method uses the ordinary kriging estimator in the group velocities for all the ranges of periods to generate maps and then dispersion curves. Estimated dispersion curves retrieved from both, the stacking and the group-velocity mapping method, were compared with those obtained with the fast marching tomographic method. We also establish analogies between getting group-velocity maps with the tomographic method and with the group-velocity mapping method. Finally, we observe that the range of the omnidirectional semivariogram used in the stacking method may be related to the tomographic method resolution.