bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural convection heat and mass transfer in a micropolar fluidsaturated non-Darcy porous regime with radiation and thermophoresis effects
Authors: Bakier A.Y.
Published: October 2011

An analysis is presented for the steady thermal convection heat and mass
transfer in a micropolar-fluid-saturated non-Darcian porous medium in the
presence of radiation and thermophoresis effects. The governing boundary
layer equations for momentum, energy, species transfer and angular momentum
(micro-rotation) are transformed from an (x,y), coordinate system into (?),
coordinate system. The influence of Darcy number (Da), Forchheimmer number
(Fs), local Grashof number (Gr), Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc),
radiation (R) and thermophoresis (k), surface parameter (s), on the velocity,
temperature, concentration profiles and angular velocity (micro-rotation) are
studied graphically. Applications for the problem arise in chemical
engineering systems and geothermal energy systems.
Influence of building orientation on internal temperature in saharan climates, building located in Ghardaïa region (Algeria)
Authors: Bekkouche Sidi , Benouaz Tayeb , Cherier Mohamed , Hamdani Maamar , Yaiche Mohamed , Khanniche Rachid
Published: October 2011

In desert regions, the orientation of buildings has an important influence in
the inside air temperature. In the present work, we carry out a study on the
influence of the buildings orientation as well as the thermal insulation on
the internal temperature. To do so, we have considered the case where only
the exposed walls are isolated. The main objective of the current work is to
determine the temperatures of the building in question with and without
thermal insulation. This study aims at assessing also the geographic
parameter enhancing or damping the role of thermal inertia, providing a
variety of results. As result, this work proves that stones play a
contradictory role on thermal comfort. We have verified that thermal
insulation is specified to reduce heat transfer through the building.
Concerning the orientation, results indicates that the variation in
orientation does not influence significantly the internal air temperature of
a well thermally insulated building. Moreover, in hot period, whatever
orientation considered, the phenomenon of overheating presents a serious
problem to minimize consumption of energy and control of indoor temperature
in case of building without insulation. The numerical data was compared to
the experimental measurements in order to validate the mathematical model. In
conclusion, to achieve a better thermal comfort arid and semi arid regions,
the habitation will have to be situated in south flan of a hill to satisfy
the two strategies (hot and cold).
Characteristic study of non-circular incompressible free jet
Authors: Manivannan Ponnambalam , Sridhar Banbla
Published: October 2011

This paper reports an experimental investigation of bulk properties of
turbulent, which is three dimensional, incompressible, air jets issuing into
still air surrounding from the nozzles. The jet orifices utilized included
circular, hexagonal and cruciform geometries. Experimental results of
pertinent mean flow properties such as axis velocity decay, half width
growth, potential core and turbulence intensities are reported. Single
Hotwire anemometer was used for measurements of the velocity field. The
experiment for the three jets was conducted under the same nominal conditions
with the exit Reynolds number of 15,400. Consistent with previous
investigations of other non circular jets, the cruciform jet is found to have
an overall superior mixing capability over the circular counter part.
Immediately downstream of the nozzle exit, it entrains, and then mixes with,
the surroundings at a higher rate. This jet has a shorter potential core with
higher rates of decay and spread than the circular jet. This phenomenon of
axis switching is also found to occur in this jet.
Melting heat transfer in the stagnation-point flow of third grade fluid past a stretching sheet with viscous dissipation
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Iqbal Zahid , Mustafa Meraj , Hendi Awatif
Published: October 2011

An analysis has been carried out for the characteristics of melting heat
transfer in the boundary layer flow of third grade fluid in a region of
stagnation point past a stretching sheet. The relevant partial differential
equations are reduced into ordinary differential system by suitable
transformations. The series solutions are developed by homotopy analysis
method (HAM). It is revealed that an increase in the melting parameter (M )
decreases the velocity and the temperature (? ). An increase in the third
grade parameter (? ) increases the velocity and the boundary layer thickness.
The present results are also compared with the previous studies.
Investigation of pre-drying lignite in an existing Greek power plant
Authors: Agraniotis Michalis , Karellas Sotirios , Violidakis Ioannis , Doukelis Aggelos , Grammelis Panagiotis , Kakaras Emmanuel
Published: October 2011

The application of lignite pre-drying technologies in next generation of
lignite power plants by utilizing low pressure steam as a drying medium
instead of hot recirculated flue gas - combined with thermal utilization of
the vaporized coal moisture - is expected to bring efficiency increase of 2-4
percentage points in future lignite power plants compared with today?s state
of the art. The pre-drying concept is of particular importance in Greek
boilers firing lignite with a high water and ash content. The combustion of
Greek predried lignite has been investigated experimentally and via numerical
simulations in our previous research. This study focuses on the potential
integration of a lignite pre-drying system in an existing Greek power plant
with dry lignite co-firing thermal share of up to 30%. The radiative and
convective heat fluxes to the boiler and the overall boiler heat balance is
calculated for reference and dry lignite co-firing conditions by an in-house
calculation code. The overall plant?s thermal cycle is then simulated using
commercial thermal cycle calculation software. The net plant efficiency is in
this way determined for reference and dry coal co-firing conditions.
According to the simulation results the integration of a pre-drying system
and the implementation of dry lignite co-firing may bring an efficiency
increase of about 1.5 percentage points in existing Greek boilers. It is
therefore considered as an important measure towards improving plant
efficiency and reducing specific CO2 emissions in existing plants.
The effect and contribution of wind generated rotation on outlet temperature and heat gain of LS-2 parabolic trough solar collector
Authors: Sadaghiyani Omid , Pesteei Mehdi , Mirzaee Iraj
Published: October 2011

The Monte Carlo ray tracing method is applied and coupled with finite volume
numerical methods to study effect of rotation on outlet temperature and heat
gain of LS-2 parabolic trough concentrator (PTC). Based on effect of
sunshape, curve of mirror and use of MCRT, heat flux distribution around of
inner wall of evacuated tube is calculated. After calculation of heat flux,
the geometry of LS-2 Luz collector is created and finite volume method is
applied to simulate. The obtained results are compared with Dudley et al test
results for irrotational cases to validate these numerical solving models.
Consider that, for rotational models ,the solving method separately with K.S.
Ball's results. In this work, according to the structure of mentioned
collector, we use plug as a flow restriction. In the rotational case studies,
the inner wall rotates with different angular speeds. We compare results of
rotational collector with irrotational. Also for these two main states, the
location of plug changed then outlet temperature and heat gain of collector
are studied. The results show that rotation have positive role on heat
transfer processing and the rotational plug in bottom half of tube have
better effectual than upper half of tube. Also the contribution of rotation
is calculated in the all of case studies. Working fluid of these study is one
of the oil derivatives namely Syltherm-800. The power of wind can be used to
rotate tube of collector.
Investigating the impacts of included angles on flow and heat transfer in cross-corrugated triangular ducts with field synergy principle
Authors: Chen Zuoyi , Zhang Lizhi , Song Han
Published: October 2011

Included angles (?) have vital effect on the flow and heat transfer in
cross-corrugated triangular ducts. The friction factor and Nusselt number
were estimated at different Reynolds numbers from both experiments and
simulations. Results show that the flow in the duck with ?=90 has the largest
friction factor and Nusselt number. However, the included angle influences
the flow and heat transfer in cross-corrugated triangular ducts in different
ways. The field synergy principle was used to explore the mechanism of the
different impacts of the included angle. Results show that the flow in the
cross-corrugated triangular duct with ?=90o has the smallest domain averaged
included angle (?m), which implies the best synergy performance. The results
of the field synergy principle were also validated by analyzing the
performance evaluation criterion and studying the velocity vector and
temperature distributions.
Analysis of heat transfer in a heated tube with a different typed disc insertion
Authors: Turan Betül , Öztop Hakan
Published: October 2011

Heat transfer and fluid flow can be controlled in a tube by inserting
different typed passive elements. The main objective of this study is to
control heat transfer and fluid flow using cutting edged disc in pipe.
Governing equations of laminar, two-dimensional flow is solved via finite
volume technique. The disc is adiabatic and its thickness is 5mm. It is
located into axial axis of the tube. Three cases were applied based on the
type of the disc as inclination angle of the top side is 45? and 0?.
Calculations were performed for different Reynolds number in the range of 335
< Re < 845. Three cases were tested based on types of discs. It is observed
that each position exhibits different heat transfer ratio according to
studied Reynolds number. The highest heat transfer is formed when inlet flow
impinges to flat side of the cutting edged baffle.
European Partnership for Action Against Cancer - EPAAC
Authors: Jelenc Marjetka , Krnel Sandra , Seljak Marija , Albreht Tit , Meglič Matic
Published: October 2011

Evropa Združeno V Boju Proti Raku: Projekt Evropsko Partnerstvo Za Boj Proti Raku - EPAAC
Recognition of Mental Disorders and Beliefs about Treatment and Outcome: Findings from an Australian National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma
Authors: Reavley Nicola J. , Jorm Anthony F.
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aim of the study was to carry out a national survey in order to assess recognition and beliefs about treatment for affective disorders, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia/psychosis.

Method: In 2011, telephone interviews were carried out with 6019 Australians aged 15 or over. Participants were presented with a case vignette describing either depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, social phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Questions were asked about what was wrong with the person, the likely helpfulness of a broad range of interventions and the likely outcomes for the person with and without appropriate treatment.

Results: Rates of recognition of depression were relatively high, with almost 75% of respondents using the correct label. Rates of recognition for the schizophrenia vignettes and PTSD were similar, with around one third of respondents using the correct labels. Only 9.2% of respondents were able to correctly label social phobia. Respondents gave the highest helpfulness ratings to GPs, counsellors, antidepressants, antipsychotics (for schizophrenia) and lifestyle interventions such as physical activity, relaxation and getting out more. Respondents were generally optimistic about recovery following treatment, although relapse was seen as likely.

Conclusions: While Australians' beliefs about effective medications and interventions for mental disorders have moved closer to those of health professionals since surveys conducted in 1995 and 2003/4, there is still potential for mental health literacy gains in the areas of recognition and treatment beliefs for mental disorders. This is particularly the case for schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, which are less well recognized and, in the case of social phobia, generally perceived as having less need for professional help.
Psychosis and its Correlates in a Remote Indigenous Population
Authors: Hunter Ernest , Gynther Bruce , Anderson Carrick , Onnis Leigh-ann , Groves Aaron , Nelson Jeff
Published: October 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe prevalence and characteristics of psychotic disorders in a remote Indigenous population.

Method: Clinical review of all patients with an active diagnosis of a psychotic disorder in remote communities of Cape York and the Torres Strait.

Results: 170 patients were identified and demographic, social and treatment variables described.

Conclusions: Psychotic disorders are common and more so among young adult Aboriginal men, with high rates of comorbid conditions including substance use, intellectual impairment and diabetes. In parallel to this case complexity, there are high rates of coercive treatments. Certain differences by ethnicity and location are described and possible explanations proposed.
Relationships between Interpersonal Contact as a Volunteer Companion and Stigma
Authors: Sacca Rose , Ryan Christopher
Published: October 2011

Objective: Previous studies overseas have suggested that the Compeer volunteer companion programme lowers expressions of stigma among volunteers. We used an Australian sample to examine the hypotheses that being a Compeer volunteer is associated with a lower expression of stigma and that stronger Compeer friendships are also associated with lower expressions of stigma.

Method: Volunteers from the Compeer program were surveyed regarding their attitudes to mental illness (using the Social Distance Scale, Affect Scale and Dangerousness Scale), the strength of their Compeer friendship (Match Bond Scale) and previous levels of contact with mental illness (Contact Scale).

Results: Volunteers showed low overall levels of stigma with no demographic variation in stigma levels. Lower levels of stigma were also associated with stronger friendships.

Conclusions: Compared to similar US studies, Compeer volunteers show low overall levels of stigma. Stronger friendship bonds were associated with more positive attitudes.
Coleridge's “The Madman and the Lethargist” and Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Pridmore Saxby
Published: October 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine “The Madman and the Lethargist”, by Samuel Coleridge, with respect to its contribution to the history of psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion: While primarily a political allegory, this poem indicates that to the non-medical Briton (Coleridge, albeit an educated one) of the late 18th century, a distinction was not necessarily made between mad and non-mad sick people. Also, that even dangerous mad people were considered potentially curable.
A Novel Cold-Adapted Lipase from Sorangium cellulosum Strain So0157-2: Gene Cloning, Expression, and Enzymatic Characterization
Authors: Cheng Yuan-Yuan , Qian Yun-Kai , Li Zhi-Feng , Wu Zhi-Hong , Liu Hong , Li Yue-Zhong
Published: October 2011

Genome sequencing of cellulolytic myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum reveals many open-reading frames (ORFs) encoding various degradation enzymes with low sequence similarity to those reported, but none of them has been characterized. In this paper, a predicted lipase gene (lipA) was cloned from S. cellulosum strain So0157-2 and characterized. lipA is 981-bp in size, encoding a polypeptide of 326 amino acids that contains the pentapeptide (GHSMG) and catalytic triad residues (Ser114, Asp250 and His284). Searching in the GenBank database shows that the LipA protein has only the 30% maximal identity to a human monoglyceride lipase. The novel lipA gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the recombinant protein (r-LipA) was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme hydrolyzed the p-nitrophenyl (pNP) esters of short or medium chain fatty acids (≤C10), and the maximal activity was on pNP acetate.The r-LipA is a cold-adapted lipase, with high enzymatic activity in a wide range of temperature and pH values. At 4 °C and 30 °C, the Km values of r-LipA on pNP acetate are 0.037 ± 0.001 and 0.174 ± 0.006 mM, respectively. Higher pH and temperature conditions promoted hydrolytic activity toward the pNP esters with longer chain fatty acids. Remarkably, this lipase retained much of its activity in the presence of commercial detergents and organic solvents. The results suggest that the r-LipA protein has some new characteristics potentially promising for industrial applications and S. cellulosum is an intriguing resource for lipase screening.
4-Amino-N-(2-hydroxy-4-pentadecylbenzylidene)benzenesulfonamide
Authors: Naganagowda Gadada , Petsom Amorn
Published: October 2011

4-Amino-N-(2-hydroxy-4-pentadecylbenzylidene)benzenesulfonamide has been synthesized by reaction of 2-hydroxy-4-pentadecylbenzaldehyde with 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide in the presence of acetic acid in ethanol. The structure of this new compound was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral analysis.
Two New Epoxysteroids from Helianthus tuberosus
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Miao Feng-Ping , Ji Nai-Yun
Published: October 2011

Two new epoxy steroids, 5α,8α-epidioxy-22β,23β-epoxyergosta-6-en-3β-ol (1) and 5α,8α-epidioxy-22α,23α-epoxyergosta-6-en-3β-ol (2), and ten known steroids including (24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6-en-3β-ol (3), (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (4), (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (5), β-sitosterol (6), sitost-5-en-3β-ol acetate (7), 7α-hydroxysitosterol (8), schleicheol 2 (9), (24R)-24-ethyl-5α-cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (10), 7α-hydroxystigmasterol (11), and stigmasterol (12) were isolated from Helianthus tuberosus grown in Laizhou salinized land of coastal zone of Bohai Sea, China. The structures of these compounds were unambiguously established by 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The new compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak antibacterial activity and no antifungal activity.
Structure-Based Design of Ricin Inhibitors
Authors: Jasheway Karl , Pruet Jeffrey , Anslyn Eric V. , Robertus Jon D.
Published: October 2011

Ricin is a potent cytotoxin easily purified in large quantities. It presents a significant public health concern due to its potential use as a bioterrorism agent. For this reason, extensive efforts have been underway to develop antidotes against this deadly poison. The catalytic A subunit of the heterodimeric toxin has been biochemically and structurally well characterized, and is an attractive target for structure-based drug design. Aided by computer docking simulations, several ricin toxin A chain (RTA) inhibitors have been identified; the most promising leads belonging to the pterin family. Development of these lead compounds into potent drug candidates is a challenging prospect for numerous reasons, including poor solubility of pterins, the large and highly polar secondary binding pocket of RTA, as well as the enzyme’s near perfect catalytic efficiency and tight binding affinity for its natural substrate, the eukaryotic ribosome. To date, the most potent RTA inhibitors developed using this approach are only modest inhibitors with apparent IC50 values in the 10−4 M range, leaving significant room for improvement. This review highlights the variety of techniques routinely employed in structure-based drug design projects, as well as the challenges faced in the design of RTA inhibitors.
Highly efficient ZnO/Au Schottky barrier dye-sensitized solar cells: Role of gold nanoparticles on the charge-transfer process
Authors: Bora Tanujjal , Kyaw Htet H , Sarkar Soumik , Pal Samir K , Dutta Joydeep
Published: October 2011

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods decorated with gold (Au) nanoparticles have been synthesized and used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The picosecond-resolved, time-correlated single-photon-count (TCSPC) spectroscopy technique was used to explore the charge-transfer mechanism in the ZnO/Au-nanocomposite DSSC. Due to the formation of the Schottky barrier at the ZnO/Au interface and the higher optical absorptions of the ZnO/Au photoelectrodes arising from the surface plasmon absorption of the Au nanoparticles, enhanced power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.49% for small-area (0.1 cm2) ZnO/Au-nanocomposite DSSC was achieved compared to the 5.34% efficiency of the bare ZnO nanorod DSSC. The TCSPC studies revealed similar dynamics for the charge transfer from dye molecules to ZnO both in the presence and absence of Au nanoparticles. A slower fluorescence decay associated with the electron recombination process, observed in the presence of Au nanoparticles, confirmed the blocking of the electron transfer from ZnO back to the dye or electrolyte by the Schottky barrier formed at the ZnO/Au interface. For large area DSSC (1 cm2), ~130% enhancement in PCE (from 0.50% to 1.16%) was achieved after incorporation of the Au nanoparticles into the ZnO nanorods.
Mitochondrial Function, Inflammation, Fat and Bone in HIV Lipoatrophy: Randomized Study of Uridine Supplementation or Switch to Tenofovir
Authors: McComsey Grace A , O'Riordan MaryAnn , Choi Julia , Libutti Daniel , Rowe David , Storer Norma , Harrill Danielle , Gerschenson Mariana
Published: October 2011

Background

Lipoatrophy modestly improves when the thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (tNRTI) is removed. In vitro, uridine (Nucleo-maxX®; Pharma Nord, Vojens, Denmark) reversed tNRTI mitochondrial toxicity.

Methods

All patients had lipoatrophy on a tNRTI-containing regimen with HIV RNA<400 copies/ml. A randomized 48-week study switched patients from tNRTI to tenofovir (TDF) or added uridine (continuing tNRTI). End points were changes in limb fat (DEXA), subcutaneous abdominal fat mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA), inflammation markers (soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors, high-sensitivity C reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and spine, HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cells and fasting metabolic parameters.

Results

Fifty patients were enrolled ( n=24 TDF switch; n=26 uridine); median age 48 years; 54% white; 86% male; limb fat 4,494 g. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. In the NucleomaxX® arm, mtRNA increased (all P<0.001), hsCRP and IL-6 increased (both P=0.02), whereas fat mtDNA decreased without changes in limb fat. In the TDF-switch arm, fat mtDNA and inflammation markers did not change; however, significant increases in mtRNAs ( P<0.001), limb fat (409 g; IQR -59– 1,155) and CD4+ T-cell count ( P=0.03), and decreases in total and hip BMD (median -3.3%; IQR -5.1–0; P=0.005) were observed. Between-group changes were significant for fat mtDNA, hsCRP, IL-6, limb fat and hip BMD. No correlation was found between changes in limb fat and those of fat mtRNA, inflammation markers or protease inhibitor duration.

Conclusions

In HIV lipoatrophy, NucleomaxX® improved mtRNA, but worsened inflammation markers and fat mtDNA without changes in limb fat. Switching from a tNRTI to TDF for 48 weeks increased limb fat and fat mtRNA. Large decreases in total and hip BMD were seen after TDF switch. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00119379.
Novel HIV-1 Fusion Inhibition Peptides: Designing the Next Generation of Drugs
Authors: Miyamoto Fusako , Kodama Eiichi N
Published: October 2011

The development of over 20 antiretroviral drugs has led to efficient and successful suppression of HIV-1 replication. In addition to common viral targets, such as reverse transcriptase and protease, new targets have been recently exploited, including integrase, fusion and cellular CCR5. Hence, combination antiretroviral therapy is continually improved by the development of these new agents, especially for patients infected with drug-resistant HIV-1. In this review, we focused on fusion inhibitory peptides that have been developed since the first HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, enfuvirtide (T-20). T-20, approved for clinical use in 2003, is a polypeptide comprising 36 amino acids derived from the HIV-1 gp41 C-terminal heptad repeat and provides a novel treatment strategy for HIV-1 therapy. T-20 is able to suppress HIV-1 replication, including viruses resistant to reverse transcriptase or protease inhibitors. However, after prolonged T-20-containing treatment regimens, HIV-1 acquires resistance to T-20. Therefore, our laboratory and others have developed novel fusion inhibitors, termed next-generation fusion inhibitors, including electrostatically constrained, mutation introduced, and trimer-form peptides.
Sourds et médecins au xixe siècle : deux regards opposés sur la surdité
Authors: Encrevé Florence
Published: October 2011

Résumé Au xix e  siècle, les médecins pensent que la surdité est une maladie, qu’il faut essayer de guérir et ils voient la langue des signes comme un palliatif incomplet de la langue française. À l’inverse, les sourds considèrent qu’ils ne sont pas malades ; ils regardent la langue des signes comme une langue qui permet de tout dire et son utilisation comme la condition de leur accès à l’égalité avec les entendants. Autant dans la première moitié du siècle ces deux visions sont considérées de manière égale, autant à partir de 1870 la conception médicale prend le dessus, notamment en raison de l’évolution de la société française.
Médecin orl et handicap auditif : actualités
Authors: Honegger Anne
Published: October 2011

Résumé Témoignage et expérience toulousaine s’articulant autour de deux thèmes : le dépistage néonatal auditif et l’implant cochléaire pédiatrique.
Scolarité et vie quotidienne des jeunes implantés cochléaires. Enquête 2008-2009
Authors: Clavier Nathalie
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’association Génération cochlée accompagne les parents d’enfants implantés. Elle réalise une enquête auprès des adhérents sur la scolarité des enfants, leurs modes de communication. La dernière édition de cette enquête révèle que les enfants ne suivent pas des parcours uniformes au niveau de leur scolarisation, même s’ils sont majoritairement en intégration scolaire. Leurs modes de communication ne sont pas non plus uniques et les parents comme les professionnels mêlent communication orale et recours à des aides visiuelles (code lfpc –?langue française parlée complétée – français signé).
Réflexions sur l'annonce du diagnostic précoce de surdité
Authors: Soriano Véronique
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’annonce du diagnostic précoce de surdité, comme toute annonce de diagnostic, n’est pas sans conséquences sur la famille mais également sur les professionnels. Elle est chargée d’un potentiel traumatique dont les effets peuvent être immédiats mais aussi différés, voire à plusieurs répliques. Elle se définit plus comme un processus que comme un acte unique ou une information délivrée, et ce d’autant qu’elle intervient à un moment sensible de la vie des sujets concernés et dans des conditions spécifiques. Les professionnels ne peuvent être qu’alertés de ces effets et des mécanismes de défense à l’œuvre pour lutter contre le pouvoir de déliaison de cette annonce, qui peut entraver le processus de subjectivation et donc l’accession du sujet au langage ( lsf , orale) et à la culture.
L'implant cochléaire, un entre-deux identitaire
Authors: John Catherine , Mautret-Labbé Christine
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’annonce, à la naissance d’un enfant, d’un diagnostic de surdité provoque sidération, déchirure dans la toile des attentes et projections parentales, d’autant qu’elle vient pointer un handicap qui ne se voit pas. Le diagnostic précoce va perturber gravement l’établissement des premiers liens parents-enfant. À travers leur expérience clinique, les auteurs mettent en évidence les tensions provoquées par l’implant, le refus ou l’interdit de la langue des signes, tout au long du développement de l’enfant. Pour l’adolescence qui questionne l’identité, la possibilité de se référer à la communauté sourde, à travers la maîtrise de la lsf , constitue un soutien important.
Le sujet sourd au royaume de l'université
Authors: Garcia Cécile
Published: October 2011

Résumé Il était une fois, dans le royaume de l’enseignement supérieur, deux étudiantes Sourdes signantes et leur tutrice. Tentant de réaliser le rêve de l’égalité des chances, elles croisent sur leur chemin de nombreux obstacles mais également des personnages fantastiques qui font de cette aventure une grande épopée. Cette histoire sans fin nous transporte vers une réflexion culturelle, sociale et individuelle… Toute ressemblance avec des personnes existantes ou des faits existants ne serait que pure intention.
La protection sociale comme lien territorial : une solution d'avenir pour l'Europe ?
Authors: Théret Bruno
Published: October 2011

Résumé Partant d’une approche polanyenne des systèmes nationaux de protection sociale, l’article analyse d’abord les facteurs économiques (mondialisation), politiques (recompositions des espaces de souveraineté) et socio-démographiques (l’État social déstabilisé par ses propres succès) de leur mise en crise lors du passage d’un mode de régulation keynésiano-fordiste à un mode monétariste-néolibéral. Puis mettant en exergue le rôle de la protection sociale dans la stabilisation du lien territorial constitutif des sociétés politiques, il examine sa possible future remobilisation au niveau de l’Union européenne dans le cadre d’un scénario régional de sortie de la crise actuelle.
Solidarités, marché et démocratie : éclairages boliviens
Authors: Hillenkamp Isabelle
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cette contribution s’intéresse au rôle des solidarités dans les sociétés fondées sur un double ordre, marchand et démocratique. L’examen de telles sociétés, situées notamment en Europe occidentale et en Amérique latine, montre qu’elles ne peuvent se stabiliser sans des solidarités assurant un degré minimal d’égalité et de lien social. Cette contribution précise ces liens à partir de l’exemple de la Bolivie. Après une revue des réformes ayant mené à l’établissement d’un double modèle de marché et de démocratie dans ce pays, elle se concentre sur les solidarités présentes dans certaines organisations de l’économie populaire urbaine. Notre analyse révèle l’entremêlement et les tensions entre formes de solidarités horizontales et réciprocitaires ou, au contraire, verticales et redistributives. Elle montre de plus que la pérennité de ces organisations dépend d’une articulation adéquate entre principes marchands et démocratiques dans les régulations économiques. Parallèlement, elle met en évidence le rôle de l’économie solidaire comme médiation des tensions entre démocratie et marché.
La liberté dépend-elle des préférences individuelles ?
Authors: Hudon François
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article se veut l’amorce de la réhabilitation d’une conception de la liberté fondée sur les préférences individuelles. Après une brève revue des principales objections offertes contre ce type de liberté, il montre que les alternatives disponibles ne rendent pas justice à la valeur instrumentale de la liberté. Il soulève ainsi l’intérêt du sauvetage de cette relation de dépendance. L’auteur met cependant en garde contre toute tentation de colmater les brèches en faisant intervenir des formes de perfectionnisme ; ce serait tout aussi périlleux pour la valeur de la liberté. Enfin, en présumant que la liberté globale est une fonction des préférences authentiques individuelles qui portent sur des ensembles de libertés spécifiques, il défend l’idée selon laquelle la valeur instrumentale non spécifique de la liberté est non seulement compatible avec la liberté fondée sur les préférences individuelles, mais qu’elle semble requérir une telle dépendance.
La méthode skinnerienne ou ce que l'histoire nous apprend sur le concept de liberté
Authors: Matonti Frédérique
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cet article a un double propos. D'une part, il s'agit d'analyser la définition que donne Skinner de la liberté, en se centrant sur sa propre distinction entre « liberté néo-romaine » et « liberté gothique ». Trois moments historiques et idéologiques sont plus particulièrement évoqués ­ le pré-humanisme italien, l'humanisme florentin, et la Révolution anglaise ­ tandis que sont privilégiés ces derniers livres. D'autre part, l'article s'intéresse à la méthodologie de Skinner et insiste plus particulièrement sur son enracinement dans la philosophie analytique.
Competitiveness, productivity, competition and structural reforms: the Belgian case
Authors: Kegels Chantal , van der Linden Jan
Published: October 2011

Résumé La compétitivité belge au regard de celle des pays voisins a été détériorée par une croissance des salaires horaires insuffisamment compensée par la croissance de la productivité. La croissance de la Productivité totale des facteurs (PTF) a été particulièrement moins soutenue que dans les pays voisins. Parmi les déterminants de la PTF, les conditions de concurrence peuvent avoir joué un rôle important et sont un élément intéressant pour la politique économique dans la mesure où l’amélioration de ces conditions n’est pas budgétairement coûteuse. Cet article explore la mesure des conditions de concurrence en analysant cinq méthodes utilisées dans la littérature économique. Ces méthodes sont les marges prix-coût, les entrées-sorties, la concentration du marché, la stabilité du marché et la sensibilité des bénéfices. Chaque méthode présente des limites, à la fois d’un point de vue théorique et empirique mais peut être utilisée comme une approximation de l’intensité et de l’évolution de la concurrence sous-jacente. Le résultat montre que la Belgique performe moins bien (selon trois méthodes) ou, au mieux, aussi bien (selon deux méthodes) que la moyenne des pays membres de l’Union européenne, mais certainement jamais mieux. L’intensité de la concurrence pourrait cependant s’être améliorée quelque peu. Même si l’article n’établit pas statistiquement de relation entre concurrence et PTF, les résultats suggèrent que la faible performance en termes de PTF pourrait être due à des conditions de concurrence défavorables. Codes JEL : D24, L11
Competition and price regulation of retail services in Belgium
Authors: Steenbergen Jacques , Walckiers Alexis
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le niveau élevé des prix des produits alimentaires transformés (ainsi que les importantes hausses de ces prix) ont stimulé les discussions politiques en Belgique. Il y a par exemple eu des propositions visant à renforcer la réglementation du commerce de détail, et même l’introduction d’une réglementation des prix des denrées jugées essentielles. Cet article examine la question de la réglementation insuffisante ou excessive du commerce de détail, et tente d’évaluer si les consommateurs pourraient bénéficier de la disparition de certaines exigences réglementaires en la matière. JEL : L11, H11, K21
La régulation des industries de réseau en Belgique
Authors: de Streel Alexandre , Gautier Axel , Wauthy Xavier
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le bilan que l’on peut dresser concernant la libéralisation et le nouveau mode de régulation des industries de réseau en Belgique est assez mitigé. En particulier, les bénéfices issus de la libéralisation tardent à être transférés vers les utilisateurs finaux et le financement des investissements nécessaires aux gains d’efficacité dynamiques n’est parfois pas assez facilité par l’action des régulateurs. Dans cet article, nous analysons tout d’abord d’un point de vue général, les enjeux et les difficultés auxquels les autorités de régulation sont confrontés et ensuite nous identifions quelques éléments critiques, spécifiques à trois industries : l’électricité, les télécommunications et le transport de fret ferroviaire. En conclusion, nous insistons sur la nécessité d’une indépendance accrue des régulateurs, un énoncé plus clair de leurs orientations stratégiques et une simplification institutionnelle. Ces trois conditions nous semblent indispensables pour assurer la sécurité juridique nécessaire à la réalisation optimale des investissements nécessaires dans les infrastructures. Par ailleurs, dans certains cas, une intégration européenne plus poussée est justifiée. JEL : D43, K23, L51
De la périlleuse cachondez.Vieillesse et désirs vénériens selon les traités médiévaux
Authors: Alfonso Aitor
Published: October 2011

Ce travail se propose d’étudier le concept de cachondez du point de vue linguistique et sémantique afin de dégager les considérations de genre qui le sous-tendent : la cachondez qui s’applique à l’origine à la femelle en chaleur en vient à désigner l’appétit sexuel féminin et plus particulièrement le désir des femmes âgées à l’égard des jeunes hommes. Ce glissement du sens et de la connotation du terme oriente notre travail vers une analyse de la représentation du désir des personnes âgées à l’aune de la poésie burlesque de la Renaissance espagnole et des traités médicaux d’une des plus grandes figures de l’humanisme de la première moitié du XVIe siècle : Francisco López de Villalobos. Cette verdura gérontologique, selon les propres termes du physicien, est considérée comme un danger sur le plan pathologique et moral et incite Villalobos à fonder en raison naturelle l’immortalité de l’âme.
Espace, codes et désir de transgression : l’impossible unité du Bel Inconnu
Authors: Bonansea Marion
Published: October 2011

Renaud de Beaujeu, auteur du Bel Inconnu, roman arthurien en vers de la fin du xiie siècle, joue dans son œuvre avec les conventions implicites du genre. Ce travail étudie ce jeu du point de vue du traitement de la clôture : clôture spatiale sur le plan de la diégèse, toujours source d’insatisfaction pour le héros ; clôture narrative également, dans la mesure où l’achèvement du roman est normalement corrélé à la réalisation d’un espace un et homogène, devenu impossible dans le Bel Inconnu. L’auteur exhibe les limites formelles des lieux et des codes, empêchant l’harmonie rêvée par l’univers courtois, laissant ainsi toujours vivace le désir du héros et du lecteur de combler l’absence.
Sobre el contexto literario e ideológico de La Carajicomedia
Authors: Puerto Moro Laura
Published: October 2011

La Carajicomedia a souffert habituellement du désintérêt de la critique, pallié durant les dernières décennies par une bibliographie croissante et hétérogène dans ses approches, dans ses interprétations et dans sa mise en relief du caractère subversif de l'œuvre; bibliographie qui s’accorde, néanmoins, à souligner le statut particulier de ce livre dans le paysage des Lettres espagnoles. Devant un tel constat, l’objet prioritaire de ce travail consiste à se pencher sur la croisée des traditions médiévales auxquelles se rattache La Carajicomedia, son lien éventuel avec la littérature prostibulaire de la Renaissance, et sa situation dans le contexte valencien qui l’a vue imprimer. L'on terminera par une réflexion sur l’évolution culturelle de l’humour dans le passage à l’Époque moderne. En partant de ces données, peut-être se rapprochera-t-on un peu plus de l’appréciation réelle du degré de singularité de La Carajicomedia.

La Carajicomedia ha conocido una tradicional desatención crítica paliada, en las últimas décadas, por una creciente bibliografía, heterogénea en sus enfoques, interpretaciones y apelación al carácter subversivo de la obra, pero coincidente, por lo general, en calificarla como particular dentro del panorama de las Letras castellanas. Frente a esta circunstancia, objeto prioritario del presente estudio será el rastreo de la encrucijada de tradiciones medievales con que engarza, su posible conexión con una literatura prostibularia renacentista de amplio desarrollo europeo, y ubicación, en fin, en el contexto valenciano en queve la luz; para terminar con una reflexión sobre la evolución cultural del humor en el tránsito a la Edad Moderna. A partir de estos datos, tal vez nos aproximemos algo más a la apreciación real del grado de singularidad de La Carajicomedia.

The critical dereliction in which La Carajicomedia has long been plunged has been mitigated throughout the past decades by an increasing bibliography; its heterogeneous approaches, interpretations and emphasis on the subversive character of the text contrast with a coinciding evaluation of the unusual status of the book within the Spanish Arts. In this context, the top priority of this work consists in searching for the crossroad between the various medieval traditions contained in La Carajicomedia, its possible link with the Renaissance prostibulary literature and its situation in the Valencian context in which it got printed. All this will lead to a reflexion on the cultural evolution of the humour in the transition to the Modern Ages and, perhaps, to a better interpretation of the degree of peculiarity of La Carajicomedia.
Catálogo de las bibliotecas escolásticas barcelonesas en los siglos xiii y xiv
Authors: Gonzalez Sara
Published: October 2011

Le but de ce travail est de reconstituer les catalogues des bibliothèques scolastiques de Barcelone (Dominicains, Franciscains et Carmes déchaussés) à la fin du Moyen Âge à partir des quelques manuscrits sauvegardés ainsi que des résultats de travaux de recherches divers sur les bibliothèques conventuelles. Aux catalogues des trois bibliothèques retenues vient s’ajouter une présentation thématiques des manuscrits de ces bibliothèques.
Distribution of Online Cartographic Products in Australia
Authors: Escobar Francisco J. , Polley Iestyn S. , Williamson Ian P.
Published: October 2011

The Internet has revolutionised the many ways electronic data is distributed, stored and presented. The Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) in particular have introduced new methods for the cartographic community to display and distribute map information. In conjunction with a wider audience, the Internet and WWW are presenting new commercial opportunities. The technical limitations for the current implementation of the Internet are slowing the process, yet are being rapidly rectified by the IT industry. This paper aims to highlight some of these problems, along with a brief appraisal of the mapping industry on the WWW. Two examples of organisations utilising the WWW for distributing their data are also discussed.
Quelques remarques à propos de la géographie culturelle
Authors: Collignon Béatrice
Published: October 2011

Le 3 novembre 1997 s´est tenu à Paris un colloque organisé par le CNRS autour des travaux de la "section 39". Au cours de celui-ci la question "géographie et cultures" a donné lieu à un vif débat entre les deux rapporteurs chargés de faire le point sur l´orientation des travaux en cours, débat prolongé ensuite par les réactions non moins vives du public, constitué en grande majorité de chercheurs et enseignants chercheurs en géographie humaine.Le texte qui suit a été écrit en réaction aux propos tenus alors. Il souligne l´urgente nécessité de dépasser les oppositions méthodologiques, qui ne constituent pas, quoiqu´on en dise, le fond du problème ; tente d´expliquer le malaise grandissant des jeunes générations face à des oppositions qui semblent pour une bonne part héritées d´une époque révolue ; s´interroge sur les origines des spécificités de la géographie culturelle "à la française" (patrimoniale et historique) et appelle à un effort de formalisation méthodologique de la part des tenants de la démarche empirique.
Inhibition of Autoimmune Diabetes by TLR2 Tolerance
Authors: Kim Do-Hoon , Lee June-Chul , Kim Sunshin , Oh Seung Hoon , Lee Moon-Kyu , Kim Kwang-Won , Lee Myung-Shik
Published: October 2011

We have reported that apoptotic β cells undergoing secondary necrosis, called “late apoptotic (LA) β cells,” stimulated APCs and induced diabetogenic T cell priming through TLR2, which might be one of the initial events in autoimmune diabetes. Indeed, diabetogenic T cell priming and the development of autoimmune diabetes were significantly inhibited in TLR2-null NOD mice, suggesting the possibility that TLR2 blockade could be used to inhibit autoimmune diabetes. Because prolonged TLR stimulation can induce TLR tolerance, we investigated whether repeated TLR2 administration affects responses to LA β cells and inhibits autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by inducing TLR2 tolerance. Treatment of primary peritoneal macrophages with a TLR2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, suppressed cytokine release in response to LA insulinoma cells or further TLR2 stimulation. The expression of signal transducer IRAK-1 and -4 proteins was decreased by repeated TLR2 stimulation, whereas expression of IRAK-M, an inhibitory signal transducer, was enhanced. Chronic Pam3CSK4 administration inhibited the development of diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetogenic T cell priming by dendritic cells and upregulation of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells by in vitro stimulation were attenuated by Pam3CSK4 administration in vivo. Pam3CSK4 inhibited diabetes after adoptive transfer of diabetogenic T cells or recurrence of diabetes after islet transplantation by pre-existing sensitized T cells. These results showed that TLR2 tolerance can be achieved by prolonged treatment with TLR2 agonists, which could inhibit priming of naive T cells, as well as the activity of sensitized T cells. TLR2 modulation could be used as a novel therapeutic modality against autoimmune diabetes.
Lack of Association of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Gene Haplotypes with Bone Mineral Density, Bone Loss, or Risk of Fractures in Men
Authors: Varanasi Satya S. , Tuck Stephen P. , Mastana Sarabjit S. , Dennison Elaine , Cooper Cyrus , Vila Josephine , Francis Roger M. , Datta Harish K.
Published: October 2011

Introduction. The association of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) with BMD and risk of fracture was suggested by a recent linkage study, but subsequent studies have been contradictory. We report the results of a study of the relationship between BMP2 genotypes and BMD, annual change in BMD, and risk of fracture in male subjects.Materials and Methods. We tested three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the BMP2 gene, including Ser37Ala SNP, in 342 Caucasian Englishmen, comprising 224 control and 118 osteoporotic subjects.Results. BMP2 SNP1 (Ser37Ala) genotypes were found to have similar low frequency in control subjects and men with osteoporosis. The major informative polymorphism, BMP2 SNP3 (Arg190Ser), showed no statistically significant association with weight, height, BMD, change in BMD at hip or lumbar spine, and risk of fracture.Conclusion. There were no genotypic or haplotypic effects of the BMP2 candidate gene on BMD, change in BMD, or fracture risk identified in this cohort.
Factors Associated with Persistence with Teriparatide Therapy: Results from the DANCE Observational Study
Authors: Gold Deborah T. , Weinstein David L. , Pohl Gerhardt , Krohn Kelly D. , Chen Yi , Meadows Eric S.
Published: October 2011

Purpose. Determine patient-reported reasons for discontinuation with teriparatide.Methods. Patients taking teriparatide in a multicenter, prospective, and observational study were given three questionnaires: baseline, follow-up questionnaire 1 (QF1, 2 to 6 months), and follow-up questionnaire 2 (QF2, 12 months). Discontinuation reported at QF1 and QF2 was defined as “early” and “late,” respectively, and remaining patients were considered persistent. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to identify factors associated with discontinuation.Results. Side effects, concern about improper use, injection difficulties, and several patient-perceived physician issues were associated with early discontinuation. Low patient-perceived importance of continuing treatment, side effects, difficulty paying, and low patient-perceived physician knowledge were associated with late discontinuation. The most common specific reasons selected for discontinuing treatment were “concerns about treatment outweighing the benefits” (n=53) and “difficulty paying” (n=47).Conclusions. Persistence with teriparatide is dependent on managing side effects, addressing financial challenges, proper training, and obtaining support from the healthcare provider.