bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of The Relationship Between International University Students' Concerns Regarding the Turkish Language and Their Cognitive Awareness in Terms of Some Variables
Authors: Gelen İsmail , Kazakov Jeyhun
Published: November 2023

In this study, examining and revealing the relationship between international university students' anxiety about and cognitive awareness of Turkish language; determining the anxiety and cognitive awareness of these anxiety and cognitive awareness according to gender, age, country of origin, duration of stay in Türkiye and the faculty they attend; It is also aimed to examine the anxiety of learning Turkish and their own cognitive awareness and behaviors of international university students, to reveal the importance of their concerns about Turkish language. In addition, whether there was a significant difference regarding the direction of the relationship between the anxiety and cognitive awareness of the international university students about Turkish language in terms of variables such as gender, age, the length of stay in Turkey, the faculty they attend, etc. In the research, descriptive survey model was used as a method. The data in the study were obtained using the scales " Foreign Language Learning Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1986) " and "Metacognitive Awareness Scale (MAI)". The sample of the research consisted of 175 undergraduates, graduate and doctorate students from different faculties at Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University. Frequency, percentage, mean values, T-test and MANOVA were used in order to analyse the data. As a result of the study, while the students had a high tendency of anxiety among some countries in terms of the variable of the country they came from, significant differences emerged in terms of the variables such as age, cognitive awareness and the country they came from.
INCUBACIÓN EN REFRIGERADOR DE HUEVOS DE TRUCHAS DE ARROYO (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: Basulto del C. Sergio
Published: November 2023

La inexistencia de criaderos de peces en diversas y vastas zonas de Chile y los costos relativamente altos que precisan sus construcciones e instalaciones, aún existiendo inmejorables condiciones naturales para un normal funcionamiento,originó el interés de realizar experiencias de incubación de huevos de truchas salmonídeas en un refrigerador doméstico, de acuerdo a la técnica comentada por Bevan (1963).
Identification of Plausible Candidates in Prostate Cancer Using Integrated
Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Kour Bhumandeep , Shukla Nidhi , Bhargava Harshita , Sharma Devendra , Sharma Amita , Singh Anjuvan , Valadi Jayaraman , Sadasukhi Trilok Chand , Vuree Sugunakar , Suravajhala Prashanth
Published: November 2023

Background:

Currently, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used as a prostate
cancer (PCa) biomarker. PSA is linked to some factors that frequently lead to erroneous positive results
or even needless biopsies of elderly people.

Objectives:

In this pilot study, we undermined the potential genes and mutations from several databases
and checked whether or not any putative prognostic biomarkers are central to the annotation. The aim of
the study was to develop a risk prediction model that could help in clinical decision-making.

Methods:

An extensive literature review was conducted, and clinical parameters for related comorbidities,
such as diabetes, obesity, as well as PCa, were collected. Such parameters were chosen with the understanding
that variations in their threshold values could hasten the complicated process of carcinogenesis,
more particularly PCa. The gathered data was converted to semi-binary data (-1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, and 1),
on which machine learning (ML) methods were applied. First, we cross-checked various publicly available
datasets, some published RNA-seq datasets, and our whole-exome sequencing data to find common
role players in PCa, diabetes, and obesity. To narrow down their common interacting partners, interactome
networks were analysed using GeneMANIA and visualised using Cytoscape, and later cBioportal
was used (to compare expression level based on Z scored values) wherein various types of mutation w.r.t
their expression and mRNA expression (RNA seq FPKM) plots are available. The GEPIA 2 tool was
used to compare the expression of resulting similarities between the normal tissue and TCGA databases
of PCa. Later, top-ranking genes were chosen to demonstrate striking clustering coefficients using the Cytoscape-
cytoHubba module, and GEPIA 2 was applied again to ascertain survival plots.

Results:

Comparing various publicly available datasets, it was found that BLM is a frequent player
in all three diseases, whereas comparing publicly available datasets, GWAS datasets, and published
sequencing findings, SPFTPC and PPIMB were found to be the most common. With the assistance
of GeneMANIA, TMPO and FOXP1 were found as common interacting partners, and they were also
seen participating with BLM.

Conclusion:

A probabilistic machine learning model was achieved to identify key candidates between
diabetes, obesity, and PCa. This, we believe, would herald precision scale modeling for easy
prognosis.
ZIP14 Affects the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of Cervical
Cancer Cells by Regulating the P38 MAPK Pathway
Authors: Jiang Lixia , Xie Ting , Xia Yu , Li Feng , Zhong Tianyu , Lai Mi
Published: November 2023

Background:

Cervical cancer (CC) remains a major public health concern and is a leading cause of female mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis is
essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to dissect the
role of a specific molecule, ZIP14, in the initiation and progression of CC.

Methods:

We used Gene Expression Omnibus for target gene identification, while KEGG was
used to delineate CC-related pathways. Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis levels in CC cells
were assessed using CCK8, Transwell, and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of the target
genes on the in vivo tumorigenesis of CC cells was evaluated using the subcutaneous tumorigenesis
assay.

Results:

ZIP14 (SLC39A14) was found to be underexpressed in CC samples. Our KEGG pathway
analysis revealed the potential involvement of the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
pathway in CC pathogenesis. Overexpression of ZIP14 in HeLa and Caski cells increased p38
phosphorylation, inhibited cell growth and migration, and enhanced apoptosis. Conversely, ZIP14
knockdown produced the opposite effects. Importantly, the bioeffects induced by ZIP14 overexpression
could be counteracted by the p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580. In vivo experiments
further confirmed the influence of ZIP14 on CC cell migration

Conclusion:

Our study is the first to elucidate the pivotal role of ZIP14 in the pathogenesis of CC,
revealing its inhibitory effects through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The
discovery not only provides a deeper understanding of CC's molecular underpinnings, but also
highlights ZIP14 as a promising therapeutic target. As ZIP14 holds significant potential for therapeutic
interventions, our findings lay a robust foundation for further studies and pave the way for
the exploration of novel treatment modalities for cervical cancer.
Transdermal Therapeutic Systems for the Treatment of Alzheimer's
Disease: A Patent Review
Authors: Basso Letícia , Fagundes Silvia Cristina , Staudt Tatiana , da Rosa Karini , Langaro Elizane , Omidian Hamid , Bertol Charise Dallazem
Published: November 2023

Background:

Two classes of medications are used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD);
donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and memantine is a
non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Although these are typically taken
orally, there are transdermal therapeutic systems (TTSs) commercially available for rivastigmine
and donepezil. The transdermal route has been preferable for guardians/caregivers due to ease of
use, reduced side effects, and improved adherence to therapy.

Objective:

The study aimed to obtain
knowledge of the properties of these drugs and to search for patents relating to the TTS for AD using
the Espacenet platform.

Methods:

The search terms were "rivastigmine AND transdermal AND skin delivery AND Alzheimer’s",
changing the drugs "memantine", "donepezil", and "galantamine", between January 2015
and January 2022. Title and abstract were used to choose patents.

Results:

TTSs present some limit factors in terms of absorption due to skin physiology and the size
of the molecules with established limits of percutaneous penetration (molecular mass of 500 g/mol
and log P of 5). We found 1, 4, 4, and 2 patents for galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil, and memantine,
respectively. Galantamine TTS seems to be more challenging due to the molecular mass of
287.35 g/mol and logP of 1.8. The permeator of absorption is necessary. Memantine, rivastigmine,
and donepezil present logP of 3.28, 2.3, and 4.27 and molecular weights of 179.30, 250.34, and
415.96 g/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:

TTSs are primarily effective for delivering small molecules. The use of absorption enhancers
and irritation mitigators can be necessary to enhance the performance. The development of
these technologies is essential for the convenience of patients and caregivers.
O Conceito de Gênero no Pensamento Antifeminista Brasileiro Contemporâneo
Authors: Veiga Mottin Karina
Published: November 2023

Este artigo pretende analisar como o conceito de “gênero” é compreendido no pensamento antifeminista brasileiro contemporâneo e explorar seus possíveis efeitos para o campo da educação. Partindo dos estudos feministas e pós-estruturalistas, este artigo discute o antifeminismo a partir do livro Feminismo: perversão e subversão, de Ana Caroline Campagnolo (2019). Três pensadoras feministas destacam-se na narrativa antifeminista no que se refere à discussão do conceito de “gênero”: Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir e Judith Butler. Conclui-se que a narrativa antifeminista delega à natureza um papel fundamental na diferenciação entre “feminino” e “masculino”, negando o “gênero” enquanto conceito.
“Lugar de Indígena é Onde Ela Quiser!”
Authors: Molina Karina , Costa Ribeiro Paula Regina
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo problematizar a presença das mulheres indígenas em uma universidade federal do sul do Brasil. Por meio de uma investigação narrativa, entendida como o estudo da experiência, entrevistamos[1] cinco acadêmicas indígenas de diferentes cursos da IFES. Propomos uma discussão acerca do papel que a educação superior tem desempenhado, enquanto aliada na luta pela visibilidade das mulheres indígenas, sujeitas marginalizadas da aldeia à academia. Para além da possibilidade de igualdade de oportunidades, as ações afirmativas resultam na qualificação universitária não apenas para a causa indígena, mas também para o retorno às aldeias. Ao mesmo tempo, estar na universidade implica às acadêmicas indígenas resistirem não apenas a sua realidade nas comunidades, mas na universidade também.

 

[1] As entrevistas começaram após aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade e pela Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa, por meio do parecer nº 4.274.905, Certificado de Apresentação de Apreciação Ética (CAAE) 34247320.6.0000.5324.
(Trans)Vivências e Experiências de Escolarização na Educação de Jovens e Adultos
Authors: Da Silva Gabriela , Lage Fernandes Laffin Maria Hermínia , De Moraes Maia Vigano Samira
Published: November 2023

Apresenta-se um estudo de doutoramento na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em articulação com as questões de gênero e sexualidade vivenciadas por estudantes travestis e transexuais. Tem como objetivo compreender os significados na vida cotidiana de travestis e transexuais com base em suas experiências na EJA. Os estudos de Arroyo (2014, 2017), Bento (2011), Freire (1996, 2001, 2018), hooks (2017, 2019), Oliveira (2017, 2020), e outros/as, contribuíram para a investigação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que ressalta a produção de (trans)pesquisadoras e analisa as escrevivências (EVARISTO, 2020) das cartas-corpo escritas por autoras-participantes. Os principais resultados permitem apontar que as reflexões transpõem as relações de gênero, que se fundam em uma matriz colonial de poder, tendo na produção do saber, viver, sentir e existir a reprodução da lógica binária homem/mulher como um instrumento de dominação. Além disso, as experiências vividas e as vozes insurgentes constroem suas “cosmopercepções” de gênero e de educação, evidenciando o que enfrentaram na escola e na vida, com estratégias de transgressão e resistência.
Por Uma Estética da Existência Queer?!
Authors: Silva Robson Guedes da , Corrêa Henning Paula
Published: November 2023

O ensaio em questão busca apresentar alguns dos saberes que construíram o campo da teoria queer e discutir algumas noções que foram importantes para sua emergência como campo conceitual. O dispositivo da sexualidade de Michel Foucault e a performatividade de gênero de Judith Butler contribuíram para conformar um vasto repertório conceitual, constantemente utilizado e interrogado. A partir dessas leituras, através de procedimentos bibliográficos, intentamos debater a estética da existência em Michel Foucault e de que maneiras podemos pensá-la em articulação com o cenário contemporâneo e com os estudos queer. Percebemos que as práticas conservadoras atuais são reação ao aparecimento dos corpos queer e que suas ações visam circunscrever a violência como política de morte. Como devir, podemos pensar na resistência como caminho produtivo, fomentando outras formas de vida. Pela estética da existência queer talvez seja possível reivindicar outros modos de vida.
Nas Brechas das Normas se Tecem Resistências
Authors: Laurentino Ramos Nerize , da Silva Santos Emannuely Maria
Published: November 2023

A pesquisa ora apresentada busca analisar as narrativas pessoais dos/as estudantes não-heterossexuais de uma escola pública localizada no município de Queimadas (PB) acerca das formas de resistências que esses encenam para superar as experiências de abjeção causadas pela LGBTQIAPfobia. No intento de construir e alcançar os resultados da investigação, utilizamos a combinação de metodologias de natureza qualitativa: revisão de literatura junto às entrevistas semiestruturadas. Argumentamos que na escola a norma sexual é uma tendência e, ao mesmo tempo, uma impossibilidade de ser completamente obedecida por todos/as. O controle, a disciplina e a vigilância não são as únicas faces da relação com o poder para os/as estudantes que não correspondem a heteronormatividade. Concluímos que dois polos antagônicos estão no embate conflituosamente: o desejo pelo controle e o desejo pelo enfrentamento.
Quadro Preso e a Proibição da Linguagem Neutra
Authors: Duque Tiago
Published: November 2023

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar parte da ofensiva anti-igualitária em Mato Grosso do Sul no que diz respeito a marcadores como gênero, sexualidade, raça-cor-etnia e classe. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram selecionadas duas experiências entendidas como lugar de produção dos sujeitos, portanto, também das diferenças. São elas: a prisão de um quadro em um museu por ter sido acusado de promoção da pedofilia e uma lei de proibição da linguagem neutra. Elas foram selecionadas por meio da etnografia digital. Essa metodologia possibilitou uma imersão no campo on-line de interações que envolvem essas duas experiências. A perspectiva teórica adotada é a pós-crítica em Educação. Ela permitiu concluir que existem pós-currículos e pós-pedagogias culturais em torno da atuação de diferentes empreendedores morais anti-igualitários. Eles são campos de significação torcidos que também merecem ser analisados sob a ótica da produção das diferenças, em sentidos e intenções políticas anti-igualitárias.
Em defesa da “educação sexual”
Authors: Priscila Gonçalves dos Santos Michele , Polato de Castro Roney
Published: November 2023

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar parte das análises de uma pesquisa de mestrado em educação, com foco nos discursos de gênero e sexualidade que circulam por vídeos do youtuber Felipe Neto em seu canal no YouTube. Foram selecionados, a partir de mecanismos próprios de busca da plataforma, vídeos em que o influenciador aciona enunciados que remetem a diversas questões envolvendo gênero e sexualidade. As perspectivas teórico-metodológicas que conduziram a investigação alinham-se à análise do discurso de inspiração foucaultiana e às teorizações pós-estruturalistas. O artigo mobiliza argumentos a partir dos vídeos em que o youtuber assume determinados posicionamentos acerca do que ele chama de “educação sexual”. Nossas análises nos conduzem a problematizar as relações entre os vídeos e o contexto conservador contemporâneo, promovendo disputas enunciativas em torno da ideia de informar jovens sobre questões de sexualidade.
Extracting Clinical Information From Japanese Radiology Reports Using a 2-Stage Deep Learning Approach: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Sugimoto Kento , Wada Shoya , Konishi Shozo , Okada Katsuki , Manabe Shirou , Matsumura Yasushi , Takeda Toshihiro
Published: November 2023

Background

Radiology reports are usually written in a free-text format, which makes it challenging to reuse the reports.

Objective

For secondary use, we developed a 2-stage deep learning system for extracting clinical information and converting it into a structured format.

Methods

Our system mainly consists of 2 deep learning modules: entity extraction and relation extraction. For each module, state-of-the-art deep learning models were applied. We trained and evaluated the models using 1040 in-house Japanese computed tomography (CT) reports annotated by medical experts. We also evaluated the performance of the entire pipeline of our system. In addition, the ratio of annotated entities in the reports was measured to validate the coverage of the clinical information with our information model.

Results

The microaveragedF1-scores of our best-performing model for entity extraction and relation extraction were 96.1% and 97.4%, respectively. The microaveragedF1-score of the 2-stage system, which is a measure of the performance of the entire pipeline of our system, was 91.9%. Our system showed encouraging results for the conversion of free-text radiology reports into a structured format. The coverage of clinical information in the reports was 96.2% (6595/6853).

Conclusions

Our 2-stage deep system can extract clinical information from chest and abdomen CT reports accurately and comprehensively.
Guidelines, Consensus Statements, and Standards for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Nian , Chen Lingmin , Wu Miaomiao , Meng Sha , Dai Zelei , Zhang Yonggang , Clarke Mike
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the delivery of health care is a promising area, and guidelines, consensus statements, and standards on AI regarding various topics have been developed.

OBJECTIVE

We performed this study to assess the quality of guidelines, consensus statements, and standards in the field of AI for medicine and to provide a foundation for recommendations about the future development of AI guidelines.

METHODS

We searched 7 electronic databases from database establishment to April 6, 2022, and screened articles involving AI guidelines, consensus statements, and standards for eligibility. The AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II) and RIGHT (Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare) tools were used to assess the methodological and reporting quality of the included articles.

RESULTS

This systematic review included 19 guideline articles, 14 consensus statement articles, and 3 standard articles published between 2019 and 2022. Their content involved disease screening, diagnosis, and treatment; AI intervention trial reporting; AI imaging development and collaboration; AI data application; and AI ethics governance and applications. Our quality assessment revealed that the average overall AGREE II score was 4.0 (range 2.2-5.5; 7-point Likert scale) and the mean overall reporting rate of the RIGHT tool was 49.4% (range 25.7%-77.1%).

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicated important differences in the quality of different AI guidelines, consensus statements, and standards. We made recommendations for improving their methodological and reporting quality.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022321360); https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=321360
The Roles of Electronic Health Records for Clinical Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ye Jiancheng , Xiong Shangzhi , Wang Tengyi , Li Jingyi , Cheng Nan , Tian Maoyi , Yang Yang
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Clinical trials are a crucial element in advancing medical knowledge and developing new treatments by establishing the evidence base for safety and therapeutic efficacy. However, the success of these trials depends on various factors, including trial design, project planning, research staff training, and adequate sample size. It is also crucial to recruit participants efficiently and retain them throughout the trial to ensure timely completion.

OBJECTIVE

There is an increasing interest in using electronic health records (EHRs)—a widely adopted tool in clinical practice—for clinical trials. This scoping review aims to understand the use of EHR in supporting the conduct of clinical trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify its strengths and limitations.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was performed using 5 databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. We followed the latest version of the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guideline to conduct this review. We included clinical trials that used EHR at any step, conducted a narrative synthesis of the included studies, and mapped the roles of EHRs into the life cycle of a clinical trial.

RESULTS

A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria: 13 were randomized controlled trials, 3 were cluster randomized controlled trials, 12 were quasi-experimental studies, and 2 were feasibility pilot studies. Most of the studies addressed infectious diseases (15/30, 50%), with 80% (12/15) of them about HIV or AIDS and another 40% (12/30) focused on noncommunicable diseases. Our synthesis divided the roles of EHRs into 7 major categories: participant identification and recruitment (12/30, 40%), baseline information collection (6/30, 20%), intervention (8/30, 27%), fidelity assessment (2/30, 7%), primary outcome assessment (24/30, 80%), nonprimary outcome assessment (13/30, 43%), and extended follow-up (2/30, 7%). None of the studies used EHR for participant consent and randomization.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the enormous potential of EHRs to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of conducting clinical trials in LMICs, challenges remain. Continued exploration of the appropriate uses of EHRs by navigating their strengths and limitations to ensure fitness for use is necessary to better understand the most optimal uses of EHRs for conducting clinical trials in LMICs.
Authors’ Reply: “The Problem of Investigating Causal Relationships Between Cognitive and Evaluative Variables” (Preprint)
Authors: Guetz Bernhard , Bidmon Sonja
Published: November 2023

UNSTRUCTURED
Usability Comparison Among Healthy Participants of an Anthropomorphic Digital Human and a Text-Based Chatbot as a Responder to Questions on Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Thunström Almira Osmanovic , Carlsen Hanne Krage , Ali Lilas , Larson Tomas , Hellström Andreas , Steingrimsson Steinn
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The use of chatbots in mental health support has increased exponentially in recent years, with studies showing that they may be effective in treating mental health problems. More recently, the use of visual avatars called digital humans has been introduced. Digital humans have the capability to use facial expressions as another dimension in human-computer interactions. It is important to study the difference in emotional response and usability preferences between text-based chatbots and digital humans for interacting with mental health services.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore to what extent a digital human interface and a text-only chatbot interface differed in usability when tested by healthy participants, using BETSY (Behavior, Emotion, Therapy System, and You) which uses 2 distinct interfaces: a digital human with anthropomorphic features and a text-only user interface. We also set out to explore how chatbot-generated conversations on mental health (specific to each interface) affected self-reported feelings and biometrics.

METHODS

We explored to what extent a digital human with anthropomorphic features differed from a traditional text-only chatbot regarding perception of usability through the System Usability Scale, emotional reactions through electroencephalography, and feelings of closeness. Healthy participants (n=45) were randomized to 2 groups that used a digital human with anthropomorphic features (n=25) or a text-only chatbot with no such features (n=20). The groups were compared by linear regression analysis and t tests.

RESULTS

No differences were observed between the text-only and digital human groups regarding demographic features. The mean System Usability Scale score was 75.34 (SD 10.01; range 57-90) for the text-only chatbot versus 64.80 (SD 14.14; range 40-90) for the digital human interface. Both groups scored their respective chatbot interfaces as average or above average in usability. Women were more likely to report feeling annoyed by BETSY.

CONCLUSIONS

The text-only chatbot was perceived as significantly more user-friendly than the digital human, although there were no significant differences in electroencephalography measurements. Male participants exhibited lower levels of annoyance with both interfaces, contrary to previously reported findings.
Scalable Technology for Adolescents and Youth to Reduce Stress in the Treatment of Common Mental Disorders in Jordan: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Akhtar Aemal , de Graaff Anne Marijn , Habashneh Rand , Keyan Dharani , Abualhaija Adnan , Fanatseh Sarah , Faroun Muhannad , Aqel Ibrahim Said , Dardas Latefa , Servili Chiara , van Ommeren Mark , Bryant Richard , Carswell Kenneth
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Young people in low- and middle-income countries encounter significant barriers to accessing mental health support due to various factors, including a substantial treatment gap and limited health care budgets allocated to mental health. Using innovative strategies, such as scalable digital self-help psychological interventions, offers a potential solution for improving access to mental health support. However, digital mental health interventions come with their own set of challenges, including issues related to low user engagement. Chatbots, with their interactive and engaging nature, may present a promising avenue for the delivery of these interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of a newly developed World Health Organization (WHO) digital mental health intervention, titled Scalable Technology for Adolescents and Youth to Reduce Stress (STARS).

METHODS

A single-blind, 2-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted nationally across Jordan. Participants will include 344 young adults, aged 18-21 years, currently residing in Jordan. Inclusion criteria are heightened levels of psychological distress as determined through the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (≥20). Assessment measures will be conducted at baseline, 1-week post intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Following baseline assessments, eligible participants will be randomized to receive STARS or enhanced usual care. The primary outcomes are the reduction of symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist, 25 subscales) at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include general functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0), well-being (WHO-5 Well-Being Index), personal problems (Psychological Outcomes Profile), and agency (State Hope Scale subscale).

RESULTS

The study was funded in January 2020 by the Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises Programme (Elhra) and recruitment for the trial started on July 16, 2023. As of November 15, 2023, we randomized 228 participants.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial intends to contribute to the growing digital mental health evidence base by exploring technological solutions to address global public health challenges. Given the widespread use of technology globally, even in resource-constrained settings, and the high adoption rates among adolescents and young individuals, digital initiatives such as STARS present promising opportunities for the future of mental health care in low- and middle-income countries.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN10152961; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10152961

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/54585
Infoveillance of Covid-19 Infections in Dentistry Utilizing Platform X (Preprint)
Authors: Daud Alaa , Al-Hayk Ola , Al-Mansoori Alghalia , Qassmi Sharifa , Aziz Sarah , Haouari Fatima , Chivese Tawanda , Tamimi Faleh
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of dental professionals and patients has been difficult to track and to quantify. X (previously known as Twitter) proved to be a useful infoveillance tool for tracing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the use of X to track COVID-19 infections and deaths associated with dental practices.

METHODS

English Tweets reporting infections or deaths associated to dental practice were collected between January 1st 2020 until March 31st 2021. Tweets were searched manually using the XPro search engine (previously known as Tweetdeck) and automatically using a tweet crawler on the X Academic Research API.
Queries included keywords on infection and/or death of dental staff and/or patients caused by COVID-19. Tweets registering events on infection or death of dentists, dental staff, and patients as part of their conversation were included.

RESULTS

A total of 5,641 eligible tweets were retrieved of which 1,583 were deemed relevant after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the relevant tweets, 311 described infections at dental practices, where 1,168 infection cases were reported amongst dentists, 134 dental staff and 41 patients. Most common Countries reporting were USA, India, and Canada with an age range of 20-51. Six hundred deaths were described, of which 253 were dentists, 22 dental staff, and 7 patients. Most common Countries reporting were USA, Pakistan, then India with an age range of 23-83.

CONCLUSIONS

The data suggests that analyses of X information in populations of affected areas may provide useful information regarding the impact of a pandemic on the dental profession and demonstrates a correlation with suspected and confirmed infection cases. X could be an effective early predictor of the spread of a particular disease. However, further research is needed to assess its validity.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
AI Quality Standards in Health Care: Rapid Umbrella Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kuziemsky Craig E , Chrimes Dillon , Minshall Simon , Mannerow Michael , Lau Francis
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent years, there has been an upwelling of artificial intelligence (AI) studies in the health care literature. During this period, there has been an increasing number of proposed standards to evaluate the quality of health care AI studies.

OBJECTIVE

This rapid umbrella review examines the use of AI quality standards in a sample of health care AI systematic review articles published over a 36-month period.

METHODS

We used a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute umbrella review method. Our rapid approach was informed by the practical guide by Tricco and colleagues for conducting rapid reviews. Our search was focused on the MEDLINE database supplemented with Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were English-language systematic reviews regardless of review type, with mention of AI and health in the abstract, published during a 36-month period. For the synthesis, we summarized the AI quality standards used and issues noted in these reviews drawing on a set of published health care AI standards, harmonized the terms used, and offered guidance to improve the quality of future health care AI studies.

RESULTS

We selected 33 review articles published between 2020 and 2022 in our synthesis. The reviews covered a wide range of objectives, topics, settings, designs, and results. Over 60 AI approaches across different domains were identified with varying levels of detail spanning different AI life cycle stages, making comparisons difficult. Health care AI quality standards were applied in only 39% (13/33) of the reviews and in 14% (25/178) of the original studies from the reviews examined, mostly to appraise their methodological or reporting quality. Only a handful mentioned the transparency, explainability, trustworthiness, ethics, and privacy aspects. A total of 23 AI quality standard–related issues were identified in the reviews. There was a recognized need to standardize the planning, conduct, and reporting of health care AI studies and address their broader societal, ethical, and regulatory implications.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the growing number of AI standards to assess the quality of health care AI studies, they are seldom applied in practice. With increasing desire to adopt AI in different health topics, domains, and settings, practitioners and researchers must stay abreast of and adapt to the evolving landscape of health care AI quality standards and apply these standards to improve the quality of their AI studies.
Understanding the Suicide Prevention Needs among People Grieving Partner Loss Through Social Media: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Yuasa Eryn K. , Lasser Elyse , Nestadt Paul S. , Kitchen Christopher A.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Bereavement is a significant stressor linked to exacerbated mental health issues, including suicidal behaviors, and is especially prevalent among individuals who have lost a partner. Despite this, limited research has been conducted to identify needs and coping behaviors for suicide prevention in this population of bereaved individuals. There is an opportunity to analyze data from non-traditional sources, such as social media sites, to augment understanding and awareness of suicide behaviors present in specific populations.

OBJECTIVE

This qualitative study aims to identify the needs and patterns of behavior of individuals who demonstrate suicidal indicators following the loss of a partner through analysis of social media posts.

METHODS

Data was collected from the r/widowers subreddit using keywords associated with suicide. The posts were qualitatively coded to identify key themes and subcategories relating to suicidal indicators and coping behaviors.

RESULTS

The dataset that was analyzed consisted of 226 posts from 226 unique users who have posted on Reddit’s r/widowers. An inductive, thematic approach was applied to the dataset to understand relevant themes and topics from the posts. Two primary themes were discerned. Suicidal indicators were identified 189 times in the posts and further subcategories distinguished those who used and did not use a qualifying statement in their expression of suicidality. Coping behaviors were referenced 162 times, with subcategories distinguishing individuals seeking advice, expressing appreciation for the community built on the subreddit, or sharing other coping strategies such as therapy and support groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This study yields valuable insight to the use of social media, specifically Reddit, as a tool to understand suicidal behaviors, particularly in bereaved persons. It is the first known study that examines suicide and partner loss in Reddit posts, aiding further understanding of the ability to extract suicidal indicators and relevant coping behaviors through qualitative analysis of social media posts. The study highlights the importance of community and online engagement for bereaved individuals. Findings suggest the need for further tailored suicide prevention methods for this population and additional research opportunities to explore differences in passive and active suicidal ideation for bereaved individuals. This research has implications for policy and program interventions targeted specifically for those grieving partner loss and experiencing suicidal indicators.
Geoelectric Monitoring of Earthen Hydraulic Structure State by Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods: Mine Water Settling Pond Dam Case Study
Authors: Fedorova Olga , Gorshkov Vitaliy
Published: November 2023

In earth dams, a permanent filtration of water leads to washing out of sand-clay fraction and to a formation of soil decompression sites, which pose a danger to embankment integrity. Condition monitoring of earth hydraulic structures can be executed by geophysical methods. The article presents the results of geoelectric monitoring conducted on the dam of settling pond of mine water with high metal content. The investigations were carried out by vertical electrical soundings, including electrotomography, and by methods of induced polarization in time and frequency domains. According to the results of the electrical soundings, places of reduced soil resistivity in the dam were identified, associated with infiltration of precipitations and of water from the pond. Geoelectric monitoring showed changes of the soils resistivity in different years, depending on hydrological conditions. Induced polarization methods are sensitive to material composition of soils, such as clayiness and presence of electronically conductive minerals. It is determined that the highest content of clay is in the upper and middle parts of the embankment. In eastern part of the dam, intensive polarizability of the medium was detected. It can be caused by filtration of water, contaminated with metals, through the embankment and sedimentary rocks. Thus, by resistivity measurements, it is possible to identify areas of intensive filtration in the dam body, and induced polarization measurements make it possible to determine clay content in the soil and possible pathways of contamination through the dam, which is of great importance for studying the environmental situation of region.
Pedagogía y salud mental: un encuentro necesario
Authors: Martínez-Cuevas Guillermo
Published: November 2023

La educación en salud mental es de enorme relevancia para la atención de la población, especialmente después de la pandemia. Sin embargo, en muchas organizaciones de prevención y promoción de la salud mental, así como instituciones de tratamiento de los problemas de salud mental, se carece de especialistas en pedagogía, cuyo objeto de estudio es la educación. Este texto señala siete aportaciones que, desde la experiencia del autor, pueden realizar los especialistas en pedagogía al campo de la salud mental: diseño de intervenciones psicoeducativas, materiales didácticos y guías; orientación educativa individual y grupal; divulgación; investigación; formación de recursos humanos, y administración de instituciones de salud mental. La inclusión de estos especialistas se justifica por diversas razones: la escasez de personal en salud mental; las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de formar personal no especializado en salud mental; la importancia de la educación para el cuidado de la salud, y las habilidades propias de los especialistas en pedagogía.
Estatinas, una alternativa en el tratamiento de la COVID-19
Authors: González-Escandón Jared , Ordaz-Mayoral Diego , Pablo-Mancilla Verónica , Vargas-Morales Alberto , Miranda-Zamora Rodrigo , Díaz-Zagoya Juan Cuauhtémoc
Published: November 2023

Statins are widely used to control cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia, which helps prevent cardiovascular diseases. In addition to controlling endogenous cholesterol synthesis, statins have diverse pleiotropic effects, such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) causes a cytokine storm that contributes to the generation of acute respiratory syndrome, which can lead to severe symptoms of this disease and even the death of the patient. Various studies carried out on patients with COVID-19 who received statins, before or during the disease, registered less severe symptoms, shorter hospital stays and lower mortality. The benefit of statins in COVID-19 should be explored more widely, as they can potentially contribute to the control of this pandemic that has devastated humanity.
Keywords: Statins; COVID-19; inflammatory mediators; ator¬vastatin.
Delving Deep into NutriScan: Automated Nutrition Table Extraction and Ingredient Recognition
Authors: Shah Yaksh
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Our paper introduces an innovative solution for automating the detection of nutrition tables and recognition of ingredients on packaged food products, addressing the growing demand for tools that facilitate the extraction of essential dietary information from food packaging. The increasing interest in healthy eating and dietary awareness underscores the need for precise and efficient tools to assist consumers and health-conscious individuals in making well-informed food choices. Harnessing state-of-the-art technology, we enhance the accuracy of nutrition table and ingredient detection through fine-tuning the EfficientDet model. We further extract textual content from these tables using PaddleOCR a sophisticated optical character recognition tool. Additionally, we employ regular expressions to meticulously capture crucial nutritional details, including salt or sodium content, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, protein values, additives, and allergens found in the product. To empower users in their dietary decision-making, we introduce a dynamic user preference system. Users can tailor their dietary requirements, specifying allergies and preferences for sugar, saturated fat, total fat, or salt content. Our system then evaluates food products and offers personalized recommendations including the nutri-score, indicating their alignment with the user's health goals. Extensive experimentation and evaluation confirm the high accuracy and efficiency of our method in both nutrition table and ingredient recognition. These paper underscores the transformative potential of our approach, which can revolutionize the accessibility of dietary information, encourage healthier eating habits, and promote dietary transparency
La nouvelle sociologie de l’enfance et les droits des enfants
Authors: Thibault Jacqueline
Published: November 2023

This article focuses on childhood and more specifically on children's rights, from the perspective of the new sociology of childhood. Although children's rights advocates and proponents of the new sociology of childhood both aspire to a better understanding of childhood while striving to improve the lives of children, collaborative work between the two disciplines is rare (Freeman, 1998). I will therefore attempt to answer the following question: how are children's rights addressed in the new sociology of childhood and what are its implications for research, policies, and practices in social work?

             Keywords: child, children's rights, new sociology of childhood, social work, best interests of the child, participation
Perception of Indian medical students regarding introduction of early clinical exposure
Authors: Vidja Kalpesh , Patel Jitendra , Parmar Jasmin , Akhani Pratik
Published: November 2023

The Medical Council of India (MCI) has stressed the necessity of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) for a better understanding of preclinical medical subjects. However, its implementation at the medical college level in the current Indian scenario is a big challenge due to the large classroom strength and smaller number of faculty in preclinical subjects. The aim of this study to introduce ECE in physiology at our medical college, we planned an ECE session on anaemia and recorded the students' perceptions regarding the same. We conducted an ECE session on Anemia designed by the subject experts of the Physiology and Medical Education Unit (MEU) faculty of our institute. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among MBBS students of 2019 batch using a pre-validated questionnaire via online Google form to capture their perceptions regarding the ECE session. After exclusion, a total of 127 responses from medical students were included for data analysis. The majority of the students responded that the overall format of the ECE session was appropriate and that the session was helpful to them in the clinical application of their knowledge about Anemia. More than 75% of students opined that the ECE session made basic science learning more interesting and they felt motivated to read further on the topic. About 80% of students preferred ECE over traditional teaching. In conclusion, Students find ECE to be interesting, motivating, and helpful for the clinical application of basic science knowledge into clinical practice. Hence, ECE should be conducted more frequently and more topics should be taught by ECE at all medical colleges.
PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN PENINGKAT DAYA TAHAN TUBUH PADA MASYARAKAT DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Awaliyah Nurdianti , Qurbaniah Mahwar
Published: November 2023

Selama pandemi Covid-19, masyarakat disarankan untuk mengkonsumsi makanan dan minuman yang dapat menjaga ataupun meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Di Indonesia, banyak terdapat tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) yang dapat menjaga atau meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tanaman obat apa saja yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh selama pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dengan 60 responden yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling.  Instrumen penelitian yang dibutuhkan adalah angket dan literatur-literatur lainnya yang mendukung. Dari hasil kajian literasi sebelumnya ada sekitar 19 tanaman obat yang dapat menjaga ataupun meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh yang kemudian disurvei kepada responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman untuk menjaga daya tahan tubuh yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dengan rincian jahe 100 %, jahe merah 72 %, temu lawak 77 %, temu manga 40 %, kunyit 98 %, kencur 91 %, lengkuas 91%, cengkeh 75 %, jintan hitam 54 %, bawang putih 95 %, cabe merah 80 %, pegagan 56 %, meniran 23 %, sambiloto 28 %, kelor 54 %, mengkudu 72 %, kantong semar 23 %, kelapa 100 % dan jambu biji 100%