bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dirac Fermion of a Monopole Pair (MP) Model
Authors: Yuguru Samuel
Published: October 2022

The electron of magnetic spin −1/2 is a Dirac fermion of a four-component spinor field. Though this is effectively addressed by relativistic quantum field theory, an intuitive form of the fermion still remains lacking. In this novel undertaking, the fermion is examined within the boundary posed by a recently proposed MP model of a hydrogen atom into 4D space-time. Such unorthodox process somehow is able to remarkably unveil the four-component spinor of non-abelian in both Euclidean and Minkowski space-times. Supplemented by several postulates, the relativistic and non-relativistic applications of the magnetic spin property are explored from an alternative perspective. The outcomes have important implications towards an alternative interpretation of quantum electrodynamics a probable quantum universe, where quantum mechanics and general relativity are expected to merge. Such findings could pave the paths for future pursuits of physics beyond the Standard Model and they warrant further investigations.
The Distribution of Aflatoxins during Corn Dry Milling Process
Authors: Ramezani Mohamad
Published: October 2022

Background: Aflatoxins (AFs) as toxic compounds are widely spread. They are frequent contaminants of crops that are produced by fungi species. Corn is of crops that widely used in the corn dry milling process; a four-step procedure comprises grain handling and milling, liquefaction and saccharification, fermentation, and co-product recovery that produces ethanol and animal feed. However, it is possible that corn as a feed for dry milling process might be contaminated with AFs. Therefore, monitoring AFs in during widespread this process results having a better understanding of the fate of AFs. Methods: In this study, a sample of corn kernel was contaminated with a high level of AFs using Aspergillus parasiticus. Then, the corn flour comprising 23400.5 µg/kg of the total level of aflatoxins (AFT), was hydrolyzed by enzymes and acid for ethanol fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also, the level of AFs was monitored during ethanol fermentation process. Results: The results showed that AFs did not detect in the ethanol produced through fermentation and it was safe. Also, during the experiments, the AFT level reduced by 58.5 and 95.7% for the ethanol fermentation with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and ethanol production with acidic hydrolysis, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that highly contaminated corn with AFs can be used for ethanol fermentation through dry milling process and the produced ethanol was safe.
Sapphire Selective Laser Etching Dependence on Radiation Wavelength and Etchant
Authors: Butkute Agne , Sirutkaitis Romualdas , Gailevičius Darius , Paipulas Domas , Sirutkaitis Valdas
Published: October 2022

Transparent and high-hardness materials have become the object of wide interest. Most notably, it concerns technical glasses and crystals. A notable example is a sapphire – one of the most rigid materials having impressive mechanical stability and good optical properties. Nonetheless, using this material for 3D micro-fabrication is not straightforward due to its brittle nature. On the microscale, selective laser etching (SLE) technology is an appropriate approach for such media. Therefore, we present our research on c-cut crystalline sapphire microprocessing by using femtosecond radiation-induced SLE. Here we demonstrate a comparison between different wavelength radiation (1030 nm, 515 nm, 343 nm) usage for modification inscription and various etchants (Hydrofloridic acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide and Sulphuric and Phosphoric acid mixture) comparison. We show that regular SLE etchants such as Hydrofluoric acid or Potassium Hydroxide are unsuitable materials for selective sapphire laser etching. Meanwhile, a 78% sulphuric and 22% phosphoric acid mixture at 270°C temperature is a good alternative for this process. We present the changes in the material after the separate processing steps. Finally, a protocol for advanced sapphire structure formation and a few exemplary structures are presented.
Teachers Solutions to English Teaching and Learning Problems at Senior High Schools, An Analysis of Teachers Classroom Action Research Reports
Authors: Tamela Ellis , Dewanti Ratna
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the solutions to English teaching and learning problems at senior high schools in teachers classroom action research reports. The methodology of this study was a content analysis of the problems and solutions in teachers classroom action research reports. The data were the problems and teachers solutions in the English teaching and learning at senior high school in teachers classroom action research reports. The data sources were thirtyone reports of listening, speaking, reading, writing, and lexicogrammar. This study found that the teachers utilized various technique or method to solve the problems in four skills and lexicogrammar (such as, quartet cards, jigsaw, a series of pictures, etc.), even though they had similar problems. There were two solutions in listening problems, eleven solutions in speaking problems, eight solutions in reading problems, six solutions in writing problems, and one solution in lexicogrammar problem. Furthermore, there were reports which had different problems similar solutions (the use of quartet cards in speaking), and similar problems similar solutions (the use of jigsaw in reading and the use of series of pictures in writing).
An Update on Pain Control in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics: A Review
Authors: Zehravi Mehrukh , Maqbool Mudasir , Ara Irfat
Published: October 2022

Any healthcare professional must be able to understand pain in order to better manage it. Dental pain can be caused by a variety of things and can manifest itself in many ways. Getting an appropriate diagnosis is the first step in dealing with tooth discomfort. Pain is evaluated using rating tools such as the Visual Analog Scale and questionnaires. Following a diagnosis, a variety of strategies for pain management can be utilized alone or in combination. None of the pain-relieving approaches will work until the underlying source of the pain is addressed. Dental pain can be relieved using a variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Patients with dental anxiety may have a decreased pain tolerance, which should be addressed with behavioral treatment. Premedication prior to anaesthetic administration has also been found to improve pain management. Analgesics like NSAIDS, aspirin and a few opioids like morphine are the cornerstones of pain management. Anaesthetics, which can be applied topically or in injectable forms, are another regularly utilized approach. Dental phobia can be overcome with analgesia or conscious sedation, which is commonly used in youngsters. Hypnosis, acupuncture and audio-analgesia have all been shown to be effective in the treatment of pain. Lasers have recently been investigated for the treatment of pain. Virtual reality has also been proven to be successful as a distraction tool. Pain can also be managed with a variety of tried-and-true home treatments. As a result, it’s crucial to recognize that pain treatment is a multifaceted process.
Association of Prebiotic and Probiotic Food Consumption with Depression, Anxiety and Stress among College Going Students
Authors: Suri Manjula , Sabharwal Vandana , Kaushik Pragya , Joshi Anushka , Aayushi  , Aggarwal Sunita
Published: October 2022

Adolescents are more susceptible to mental health conditions due to multiple physical, emotional and social changes occurring during this phase. The prevalence of depression, stress and anxiety is rising at an alarming rate in adolescents. Dietary intake has the potential to affect the mental state of an individual which is largely dependent on gut microflora composition. The study thus aims to find the influence of prebiotic and probiotic intake on mental disorders among students. A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted among 404 college students from India. Data has been collected using convenience sampling and an online structured Google Questionnaire Form. DASS-42 questionnaire was used for collecting information on levels of depression, anxiety and stress and a validated qualitative food frequency questionnaire consisting of 13 food groups with 39 unique food items was used for understanding consumption patterns of prebiotic / probiotic foods. The findings revealed the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress to be 56.7%, 64.1% and 52% respectively. Consumption of probiotic foods was low except for milk/milk products, vegetables, fruits, wheat / wheat products, biscuits, chocolate and methai. Yogurt and pickles were consumed frequently whereas consumption of miso paste, tausi and yakult were low. Lower consumption of a few prebiotic and probiotic foods was negatively associated with depression, anxiety and stress. This study underlines the beneficial impact of consuming prebiotic and probiotic food on mental health of college going students. Future studies are needed to generate robust evidence for advocating consumption of prebiotic and probiotic food as a preventive and therapeutic measure for promoting mental health.
Elderly People from Old Age Homes have Higher Risk of Malnutrition and Depression as Compared to Family Setup
Authors: Kumari Priti , Sindhu Sangeeta Chahal , Dhami Sapna , Kumari Varsha
Published: October 2022

With increase in average age of population and increasing trend of nuclear families, old age homes are fast becoming a norm in India. The COVID-19 pandemic has made nutritionists revisit the health status of our elderly living in different family set ups. The present study was carried out with the objective to compare the health and risk of malnutrition among elderly (? 60 yrs in age) living in three different residential set ups i.e. old age homes, urban family or rural family. The study was carried out in Hisar district of Haryana state in Northern India. In this cross-sectional study, sixty subjects each (N=180) from the three residential set ups were selected randomly and assessed for depression, level of independence in daily activities and risk for malnutrition. Standard scales viz. Geriatric Depression Scale, Barthel Index and Mini Nutritional Assessment Scale were used. The PAR (Physical Activity Ratio) values for activities performed in a day were aggregated over the period i.e. 24 hours to yield physical activity level. It was observed that respondents from rural family set up were more active as compared to their counterparts in urban family set up or old age homes. Osteoporosis (94.44%), joint pain (87.78%), loss of appetite (85.56%) and anemia (80.56%) were the most commonly reported problems. Per cent prevalence of most problems was higher in old age home respondents. The level of independence for most activities was lowest in old age home respondents as compared to other two residential set ups. Depression was evident in 36.67 per cent of total respondents with higher per cent prevalence in residents of old age home. It may be concluded that elderly people from old age homes have higher risk of malnutrition and depression as compared to urban or rural family setup. Interventions are highly recommended for mental and nutritional well-being of elderly specially those living in old age homes. Considering the increasing trend of old age homes, deeper studies are required on their living conditions. There should be stringent SOP’s for all old age homes and elderly care.
Immunity and Overall Tissue Health of Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) in Curcumin Medium
Authors: Pandey Pooja , Mishra Abha , Pandey Jyoti
Published: October 2022

Alternative safe ingredients are being increasingly promoted for resilient and sustainable activity, as they are in demand to replace drugs in aqua feed. Curcumin is a multifunction feed additive having immunostimulant and growth-promoting properties. In the present study, curcumin was synthesized and its potency was tested in the water on fish immunity and vital tissue anatomy. Adult Heteropneustes fossilis was treated for a short period (1, 5 days) to a long period (21 days) alone, further, its post-treatment clearance effect (one week without curcumin after 21 days treatment) was studied. The results showed that a mild dose of curcumin (10 ?g/mL) in the medium was able to improve fish health (gill, liver, kidney histotexture) and immunity (direct and indirect haematology parameters) within a short duration and progressed further in a duration-dependent manner. Among haematological indices, some of them increased while others decreased significantly after curcumin treatment. Among immunity parameters white blood corpuscles, myeloperoxidase activity increased and nitroblue tetrazolium registered a decrease significantly, but the one-week post-treatment effect suggested poor maintenance of curcumin induced positive response towards health and immunity. Overall, the addition of curcumin (10 ?g/mL) improved the growth performance and health of Heteropneustes fossilis.
Effect of Ohmic Heating and Thermo-sonication on the Physio-chemical, Antioxidant, Microbial And Sensory Properties of Mango Juice
Authors: Priyadarshini Aparajita , Rayaguru Kalpana , Nayak Prakash Kumar
Published: October 2022

The impact of Ohmic Heating (OH) and Thermo-Sonication (TS) on the physio-chemical properties (pH, acidity and TSS), antioxidant compounds, microbial and sensory attributes of mango juice were studied. A storage study was analyzed regularly with the regular interval of time (Fresh, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days) during two months and the findings were compared with both OH and TS samples. Slight differences in consistency parameters such as pH, °Brix and total acidity have been observed. Antioxidant function and ascorbic acid content varied significantly in between OH and TS juice samples. The sensory tests also revealed related findings to other experiments that OH and TS processed juice samples were safer for human consumption than the untreated samples even after two months of storage. These findings suggested that TS has a huge potential for increasing the amount of bioactive compounds and antioxidants in mango juice samples.
Priliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Study of Dry and Fresh Aqueous, Ethanolic and Chloroform Extracts of Rosa Indica Petals
Authors: Sethumadhavan Nithya , Natchimuthu Santhi
Published: October 2022

Plants are a valuable source of a multitude of secondary metabolites which have been used as medicine since times. Most unarguable merit of using plants as a source of medicine is that they are low priced and readily available with very minimal side effects. The present study deals with the comparative analysis of dry and fresh aqueous, ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Rosa indica petals for its phytochemical screening. The results confirmed the presence of almost all tested secondary metabolites in aqueous and ethanolic extracts, whereas chloroform extract showed only the presence of saponins. Further study was proceeded only with dry and fresh aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rosa indica petals for its antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli (ATCC NO: 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC NO: 27853) and gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC NO: 43300), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC NO: 29212) and Candida albicans (ATCC NO: 24433) which is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast. Both dry and fresh ethanolic extracts showed a comparatively higher zone of inhibition for all the microbes. Aqueous dry and fresh extracts showed zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, where as none of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. Results from the above study suggest that the ethanolic extract of Rosa indica petal are an encouraging alternative to some of the antibacterial drugs. This in turn would potentially be used as natural source to treat various multi drug resistant bacterial strains.
Determination of Total Microbial Bioload and Pathogen Testing from Bakery Products
Authors: V. Manivasagan , D. Dhanalakshmi , S. Shruthi Shankari , S. Vaishnavi , V. Archana
Published: October 2022

Bakery products are the most widely consumed food on the planet. Microbiological spoilage is one of the most common reasons for bakery products having a short shelf life. This study reports on isolation of microorganisms from bakery products. The study aimed to prospect the isolation of bacteria, total colony count and pathogen testing were carried out nutrient agar media and specific media. Isolation of bacteria was done using nutrient agar medium, total colony count was prosecuted by colony counting method and pathogen testing was performed using specific media like mannitol salt agar, EMB agar, cetrimide agar and bismuth sulphite agar. Biochemical characterization was executed for the obtained pathogen. It was preceded by test like indol test, MRVP test, simmon’s citrate test, catalase test, gelatinase test and TSI test. After completion of these tests it was concluded the obtained microorganism was Salmonella species.
Effect of Supplementation of Nutribar on the Physical Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Women Sprinters during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sivaprasad Abhirami , S. Kowsalya
Published: October 2022

Several factors contribute to success in sport, and diet is a key component. An athlete’s dietary requirements depend on several aspects, including the sport, the athlete’s goals, the environment and practical issues. The importance of individualized dietary advice has been increasingly recognized, including day-to-day dietary advice and specific advice before, during and after training and/or competition. Athletes use a range of dietary strategies to improve performance, by maximizing glycogen stores. Carbohydrate intake during exercise maintains high levels of carbohydrate oxidation, prevents hypoglycemia, and has a positive effect on the central nervous system which is facilitated for physical performances of sprinters. Dietary supplements including Nutribars enhance exercise and athletic performance in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, drinks, health mixes and bars. The present study aimed to assess the effect of the supplementation of developed Nutribar on the physical performance and biochemical profile of district-level women sprinters under the age group of 17-20 years. In the study, 59 sprinters (30 control group and 29 experimental groups) were identified and executed for further supplemention study, out of 140 sprinters in the age group of 17-20 y. Results revealed that the sprinters in the experimental group showed significant changes in their biochemical profile and physical performance after the supplementation of Nutribar. Hence Nutribar could be a better choice for supplementing energy for sprinters to enhance their physical performance and biochemical profile for the period of three months.
Impact of Covid-19 on Psychological Stress and its Association with Dietary Practices of Indian Youth (18-25 years)
Authors: Chopra Chandni , Mandalika Dr. Subhadra , Kinger Narendra
Published: October 2022

Consequences of COVID-19 pandemic can have a detrimental impact on psychological health of youth. Eating in response to stress, emotional cues and boredom may lead to excess consumption of high fat and high sugar foods, adversely affecting physical as well as mental health. To assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on psychological health, dietary and lifestyle practices among youth. A total of 261 youth (18-25 years) residing in India were studied for psychological stress and dietary practices during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Participants were recruited in an online survey using snowball and convenience sampling techniques. An online questionnaire was designed to elicit information on socio-demographic details, physical activity, dietary habits and frequency of foods consumed before and during the pandemic. Covid-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) was used to assess stress. As per the CPDI scores of 261 participants enrolled, 13% were severely stressed while 32.95% had mild-moderate stress. Daily exercise during lockdown significantly predicted CPDI scores (p<0.05). Frequency of consuming fried foods, soft drinks, desserts and fast-food prior and during the lockdown was significantly associated with stress whereas frequency of consuming nuts was negatively associated (p<0.05). Frequent snacking and consumption of outside food was also associated with CPDI scores (p<0.01). COVID-19 has adversely impacted mental health and dietary habits thereby leading to severe distress and disease risk among youth. Stress management and adaptation of healthy diet and lifestyle should be recommended as a nonpharmacological approach towards holistic health among youth.
Healthy Eating Index and Lipid Profile of Franchised Fast-Food Consumers in Nigeria
Authors: Uthman-Akinhanmi Olajumoke Y. , Akinola Oyetunji O. , Bolajoko Opeyemi O. , Oguntade Olawunmi I. , Akanmu Dolapo O. , Mosimabale Margaret M.
Published: October 2022

Humans need food throughout life, while all foods provide essential nutrients and energy and when consumed leads to healthy growth and development and in another way, it may lead to disorders and diseases. To assess the healthy eating index, the lipid profile of fast-food consumers in Nigeria using Lagos State as a case study. The study was aimed to find the frequency of fast-food consumption to traditional food, relationship between fast food consumption and Healthy Eating Index (HEI), relationship between HEI and blood pressure and effect of HEI on lipid profile. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of people patronizing franchised fast food in Nigeria using one of the highly populated industrial states, Lagos. Three hundred subjects (male and female) no less than age 12 years, using a simple random sampling method considering ten local governments in the State. The subjects on a specific diet, suffering from any disease were not considered for the study as exclusion criteria. Questionnaires contained different sections, socio-demographic characteristics, measurement of anthropometric, lifestyle history of diseases and frequency of fast-food consumption were used. The study showed that while many respondents (42.75%) consume fast food daily, no significant difference existed between HEI and fast-food consumers, a significant difference occurred in the variables used for HEI and lipid profile, except in HDL. The study also showed no significant difference between the blood pressure of respondents and fast-food consumption. Good quality diet has a positive effect on human health.
A Comprehensive Review on Role of Nutrition in Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: K Suganya , S Sumathi
Published: October 2022

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent malignancy in women and the second most common cause of cancer worldwide. There’s a lot of evidence that lifestyle factors including food, body weight, and physical activity are linked to a higher risk of breast cancer. Several bioactive food ingredients, including both essential and non-essential nutrients, can change gene expression profiles. Consequently, nutrigenomics provides information on the effects of consumed nutrients and other food components on gene regulation and transcription factors, i.e., diet-gene interaction, to find dietetic components that are beneficial or damaging to one’s health. Biological processes such as epigenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics influence nutritional genomics (nutrigenomics), which is the junction of health, food, and genomics. As a result, it will help to determine unique nutritional requirements based on a person’s genetic composition (personalized diet), and also the link between diet and chronic diseases such as cancer, opening up new avenues for a better understanding of the impacts of breast cancer and its management. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy patients with BC experience a variety of symptoms that influence their quality of life. According to research studies on nutritional therapy during BC treatment, nutritional counseling and supplementation with certain dietary elements may be useful in reducing drug-induced side effects and increasing therapeutic efficacy. As a result, nutritional control in BC patients may be considered a critical component of a multimodal treatment strategy. The goal of this review is to give a summary of the existing research on the association between dietary variables and BC.
SARS-CoV-2 Mitigation Strategies, Testing, and Cases at 254 Jails in the US Southeast, October 2020 to May 2021
Authors: Levintow Sara N. , DiRosa Elena , Carda-Auten Jessica , Brown Mersedes E. , Bradley-Bull Steve , Blue Colleen , Powers Kimberly A. , Rosen David L.
Published: October 2022

Objectives. To characterize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mitigation strategies, testing, and cases across county jails in the Southeastern United States, examining variability by jail characteristics.

Methods. We administered a 1-time telephone survey to personnel of 254 jails in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina between October 2020 and May 2021.

Results. Some SARS-CoV-2 mitigation strategies (e.g., screening at intake, isolation and masking for symptomatic persons) were commonly reported (≥ 75% of jails). Other measures, such as masking regardless of symptoms (52%) and screening at release (26%), were less common and varied by jail state or population size. Overall, 41% of jails reported no SARS-CoV-2 testing in the past 30 days. Jails with testing (59%) tested a median of 6 per 100 incarcerated persons; of those jails, one third reported 1 or more cases of positive tests. Although most jails detected no cases, in the 20% of all jails with 1 or more case in the past 30 days, 1 in 5 tests was positive.

Conclusions. There was low testing coverage and variable implementation of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation strategies in Southeastern US jails during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1589–1598. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307012 )
Nonfatal Violence Involving Days Away From Work Following California’s 2017 Workplace Violence Prevention in Health Care Safety Standard
Authors: Doucette Mitchell L. , Surber Sarah J. , Bulzacchelli Maria T. , Dal Santo Brooke C. , Crifasi Cassandra K.
Published: October 2022

Objectives. To examine the impact of the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (Cal/OSHA’s) 2017 workplace violence (WPV) prevention in health care safety standard on nonfatal violent injuries among health care workers (HCWs).

Methods. We accessed estimated counts of WPV from the survey of occupational injuries and illness from 2011 to 2019 specific to HCWs. We used the Current Population Survey estimates of HCWs to create rates per 10 000. We conducted a longitudinal panel analysis and a comparative interrupted time-series analysis to examine the change in incidence and in rates associated with California’s new standard.

Results. Adoption of the 2017 safety standard led to an additional 3.48 reported WPV injuries per 10 000 HCWs in California, or an additional 473 injuries. Sensitivity analyses suggest other injuries did not change in the same period.

Conclusions. It appears that the Cal/OSHA standard increased reporting of WPV injuries among HCWs in the first year of its adoption compared with the United States. Mandating reporting of all WPV incidents in the health care setting may be a means to ensure a more complete understanding of this public health problem. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1668–1675. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307029 )
Genome-Wide Association Study of Adhesive Capsulitis Suggests Significant Genetic Risk Factors
Authors: Kulm Scott , Langhans Mark T. , Shen Tony S. , Kolin David A. , Elemento Olivier , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder involves loss of passive range of motion with associated pain and can develop spontaneously, with no obvious injury or inciting event. The pathomechanism of this disorder remains to be elucidated, but known risk factors for adhesive capsulitis include diabetes, female sex, and thyroid dysfunction. Additionally, transcriptional profiling and pedigree analyses have suggested a role for genetics. Identification of elements of genetic risk for adhesive capsulitis using population-based techniques can provide the basis for guiding both the personalized treatment of patients based on their genetic profiles and the development of new treatments by identification of the pathomechanism.

Methods:

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using the U.K. Biobank (a collection of approximately 500,000 patients with genetic data and associated ICD-10 [International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision] codes), comparing 2,142 patients with the ICD-10 code for adhesive capsulitis (M750) to those without. Separate GWASs were conducted controlling for 2 of the known risk factors of adhesive capsulitis—hypothyroidism and diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was conducted controlling for factors including sex, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, shoulder dislocation, smoking, and genetics.

Results:

Three loci of significance were identified: rs34315830 (in WNT7B; odds ratio [OR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 1.39), rs2965196 (in MAU2; OR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.39 to 2.00), and rs1912256 (in POU1F1; OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.31). These loci retained significance when controlling for thyroid dysfunction and diabetes. The OR for total genetic risk was 5.81 (95% CI, 4.08 to 8.31), compared with 1.70 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.36) for hypothyroidism and 4.23 (95% CI, 2.32 to 7.05) for diabetes.

Conclusions:

The total genetic risk associated with adhesive capsulitis was significant and similar to the risks associated with hypothyroidism and diabetes. Identification of WNT7B, POU1F1, and MAU2 implicates the Wnt pathway and cell proliferation response in the pathomechanism of adhesive capsulitis.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Comprehensive and Low-Cost Wellbore Tubing and Pipeline Inspection Tool Using Electromagnetic Coupling and Machine Learning
Authors: Mostafa Tarek M. , Ooi Guang , Khater Moutazbellah , Ozakin Mehmet , Zeghlache Mohamed Larbi , Bagci Hakan , Ahmed Shehab
Published: October 2022

This work provides an advanced prototype for pipeline and wellbore tube inspection using electromagnetic (EM) resonance coupling, electromagnetic (EM) coupling, and machine learning. Utilizing only two transmitters and eight sensor coils, the described device can detect and characterize inner, outer, and total metal loss in a pipe's body. A defect in the pipe body alters the impedance of the transmitter and receiver coils and the mutual coupling between them, resulting in a relative change in one or more Rx outputs. A framework for artificial neural networks (ANN) is designed to assess the eight outputs and generate a two-dimensional map of the pipe cross-section. The ANN is trained using a finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic forward solver. The designed prototype is tested and validated through simulations and an experimental setup. The results demonstrate that the tool, with the assistance of the ANN, could not only detect single and double flaws with either complete or partial metal loss, but also define the defect's size, location, and depth.
In-situ buried interface passivation enables efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar modules
Authors: Li Lin , Zeng Haipeng , Wei Mingyang , Carnevali Virginia , Li Min , Lempesis Nikolaos , Eickemeyer Felix , Luo Long , Agosta Lorenzo , Dankl Mathias , Zakeeruddin Shaik , Rong Yaoguang , Rothlisberger Ursula , Graetzel Michael , Li Xiong
Published: October 2022

Scaling-up perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is a prerequisite to the adoption of perovskite photovoltaics. However, the performance and stability of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) have lagged behind those of lab-scale PSCs. The development of PSMs requires interfacial passivation, yet this is challenging for the buried interface, owing to the dissolution of passivation agents during perovskite deposition. Here, we overcome this limitation with in-situ buried interface passivation – achieved via directly adding a cyanoacrylic acid-based molecular additive, namely BT-T, into the perovskite precursor solution. Classical and ab-initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that BT-T spontaneously self-assembles at the buried interface during perovskite film formation. The preferential buried interface passivation results in facilitated hole transfer and suppressed surface recombination. In addition, residual BT-T molecules in the perovskite layer enhance its stability and homogeneity. We report a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.3% for inverted-structure PSMs. The encapsulated PSM retains 92.5% of its initial PCE (20.2%) following 1817 h maximum power point (MPP) tracking under light illumination at 65 °C, corresponding to a T80 (time to 80% of initial PCEs) of 4500 h. Our demonstration of operating-stable PSMs under accelerated ageing represents a step closer to the commercialization of this emerging technology.
Interference Aware Routing in Dynamic Mobile Adhoc Network With the Concern of Qos Factors in Military Information System
Authors: Vignesh V. , Elngar Ahmed A. , Gopalan Harihara
Published: October 2022

Military communications or military signals are involved with every aspect of communications, or the information transmission, by the military services. The capability for the receipt and usage of information holds high importance on the battlefield. MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) facilitate military communications by forwarding information to respective nodes at the correct time. But secured and robust communication has become the most crucial task in which the information transmitted to two troops fighting in the battery field via the same nodes may be disintegrated and data loss can happen. Several earlier studies have focused on interference-aware routing in a MANET environment. Military environments have mobile nodes while their infrastructure is more or less static, creating issues in interference-aware routings specifically when groups of soldiers disperse in different directions. This research work attempts to cross this hurdle and overcomes this issue with its proposed QoS-IRDMANET (Quality of Services and Interference aware Routing in Dynamic MANETs). Routes defined in this scheme consider QoS criterion along with interference conditions using a weighted sum method. This scheme renders priority in data communications by allocation of more bandwidths to respective communications at executions where critical information is immediately shared with corresponding troops. Moreover, path failures are also taken into account by this scheme owing to the unavailability of resources or node movements. The proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulations with satisfactory results when compared to earlier similar works in this area.
IL33-regulated NPM1 promotes fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via ERK/AP-1 signaling in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wang Yue , Cheng Demin , Li Ziwei , Sun Wenqing , Zhou Siyun , Peng Lan , Xiong Haojie , Jia Xinying , Li Wei , Han Lei , Liu Yi , Ni Chunhui
Published: October 2022

Background: Silicosis is a global occupational lung disease caused by the accumulation of silica dust. There is a lack of effective clinical drugs, and the pathogenic mechanisms remain obscure. Interleukin 33 (IL33), a pleiotropic cytokine, could promote wound healing and tissue repair via the receptor ST2. However, the mechanisms by which IL33 involves in silicosis progression need further exploration.
Results: Here, we demonstrated that the IL33 levels in the lung sections were significantly overexpressed after bleomycin (BLM) and silica treatment. ChIP assay, knockdown and reverse experiments were performed in lung fibroblasts to prove gene interaction following exogenous IL33 treatment or co-cultured with silica-treated lung epithelial cells. Mechanistically, we illustrated that silica-stimulated lung epithelial cells secreted IL33 and further promoted the activation, proliferation, and migration of pulmonary fibroblasts by activating the ERK/AP-1/NPM1 signaling pathway in vitro. Also, Treatment with NPM1 siRNA-loaded liposomes markedly protected mice from silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo.
Conclusions: In this study, we identified that NPM1 could involve in the progression of silicosis, which was regulated by IL33/ERK/AP-1 signaling. And treatment methods targeting this pathway may provide new anti-fibrotic clues in pulmonary fibrosis.
Analyzing the Queuing Theory at the Emergency Department at King Hussein Cancer Center
Authors: Qandeel Mahmoud Salameh , Al-Qudah Islam Khaleel , Nayfeh Riyad , Aryan Haitham , Ajaj Omar , Alkhatib Hisham , Hamdan Yousef
Published: October 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted in 2022 at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) to analyze the queuing theory at the Emergency Department (ED) to estimate patients’ wait time, and predict the accuracy of queuing theory.
Methods: According to the statistics, the peak months were July and August, with peak hours from 10 am until 6 pm. The study sample was a week of July 2022, during the peak days and hours. Patients’ wait- time was measured according to three stations: the health informatics desk, triage room, and emergency bed area.
Results: The average number of patients in the line at the health informatics desk was not more than 3, and the waiting time was between 1 and 4 minutes. Since patients were receiving the service immediately in the triage room, there was no waiting time or line because the nurse’s role ends after taking the vital signs and rating the patient’s acuity. Using equations of queuing theory and other relativistic equations in the emergency bed area gave different results. To explain, the queuing theory showed that the average residence time in the system was between 4 and 10 minutes.
Conclusions: Conversely, relativistic equations (ratios of served patients and departed patients and other related variables) demonstrated that the average residence time was between 21 and 36 minutes.
The Neovascular Signal of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization from Perforating Scleral Vessel Prone to Recur after Anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: She Xiangjun , Yao Wangjing , Liang Zhi , Huang Gongyu , Xie Jin , Tao Jiwei , Wu Sulan , Mao Jianbo , Chen Yiqi , Zhang Yun , Shen Lijun
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To analyzed the recurrence of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) based on the neovascular signal from perforating scleral vessel (PSV) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy.
Methods:A consecutive series of naïve patients with mCNV accepted anti-VEGF therapy with a minimum 12-month follow-up period. The location of PSV with CNV were classified into PSV adjacent to CNV or not by B scan and the flow signal of CNV was classified into the neovascular signal of CNV from PSV or not by OCTA. The recurrence of mCNV in various PSV with CNV types were compared. K-M survival and Cox proportional hazard model analysis were used to identify risk factors associated with recurrence of mCNV.
Results: PSVs were found in 59 of 63 eyes (93.7%) with mCNV in the macular region. The eyes with presence of neovascular signal of CNV from PSV were detected 25 eyes (39.7%). The overall mCNV recurrence rate was 46.0% (29/63) during the follow-up period. According to K-M analysis, the presence of neovascularization with mCNV from PSV predicted a higher recurrence of 60% and a shorter recurrent duration (χ2 =4.486, P=0.034). The Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that the presence of neovascularization with mCNV from PSV was an independent risk factor for recurrence (HR: 2.19, 95%Cl 1.04-4.62).
Conclusions:PSV was mainly detected with mCNV. When the neovascularization of the mCNV comes from PSV, it has a greater recurrence rate with a shorter recurrence duration.
Inhibition of Notch pathway Alleviates nab-Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Suppressing HMGB1/TLR4 Signaling in Spinal Cord
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhou Yaqing , Ma Li , Li Weimiao , Shan Changyou , Zhang Shuqun , Zhao Yonglin
Published: October 2022

Paclitaxel is widely used in clinical treatment of cancer and peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse side effect of paclitaxel. Diverse mechanisms contribute to the development and maintenance of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the role of spinal notch pathway in paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is not completely understood. In this study, we established an animal model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy using nab-paclitaxel. We found that the mechanical and thermal pain threshold of rats was decreased with treatment of nab-paclitaxel, accompanied by increased expression of Notch pathway related proteins, enhanced apoptosis, neuronal and axonal injury, and glial responses. Using DAPT, an inhibitor for notch pathway, could restore the mechanical and thermal threshold and decrease apoptosis, neuronal and axonal injury, and glial responses induced by nab-paclitaxel. DAPT relieved paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting activation of Notch pathway related proteins, then inhibited HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway, reduced the expression of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and accelerated nerve regeneration. Taking together, our study demonstrated that Notch pathway may serve as a potential target for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy intervention.
Evaluation of Laboratory Values Affecting Mortality of End-stage Renal Disease Patients: A Competing Risks Approach
Authors: Malek Rayka , Baghestani Ahmadreza , Rashid-Farokhi Farin , Shafaghi Shadi , Minoo Farzanehsadat , Eghbali Foolad , Chandra Navin , Shafaghi Masoud , Bonyadi Kaveh , Hosseini-Baharanchi Fatemeh Sadat
Published: October 2022

Background

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a prevalent and life-threatening situation recognized as an emerging health issue. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of laboratory parameters on the survival of patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in a hemodialysis (HD) center in Iran.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on patients receiving chronic HD in Iran Helal Pharmaceutical and Clinical Complex between 2014–2018. The survival time was considered as the time interval between HD initiation and death. Receiving kidney transplantation was regarded as a competing risk, and an improper form of two-parameter Weibull distribution was utilized to simultaneously model the time to both death and renal transplantation. The Bayesian approach was conducted for parameters estimation.

Results

Overall, 29 (26.6%) patients expired, and 19 (17.4%) received kidney transplants. The male gender was related to poor survival, having nearly 4.6 folds higher hazard of mortality (90% HPD region: 1.36–15.49). Moreover, Serum calcium levels ≥9.5 mg/dL (adjusted Sub-hazard ratio (S-HR)=2.33, 90% HPD region: 1.05–5.32) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) ≤150 pg/mL (adjusted S-HR = 2.56, 90% HPD region: 1.09–6.15) were associated with an elevated hazard of mortality. The cumulative incidence function (CIF) for transplantation was greater than death in the first two years of the study. Subsequently, the CIF for death exceeded transplantation in the following two years. The 4-year cumulative incidence of death and kidney transplantation was 63.7% and 36.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Male gender, hypercalcemia, and hypoparathyroidism were associated with worse outcomes. Correcting these laboratory parameters may improve patients’ survival in the HD population.
On the flow conditions requiring detailed geometric modeling for multiscale evaluation of coastal forests
Authors: Nomura Reika , Takase Shinsuke , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro
Published: October 2022

The multiscale evaluation method is applied to assess the influence of detailed geometric modeling of trees on their macroscopic attenuation effect against tsunami-like flow. Specifically, we conduct a series of numerical flow tests (NFTs), i.e., 3D flow simulations in a local test domain (LTD), under various inflow conditions to evaluate the macroscopic flow characteristics in the LTD accommodating an array of either simple cylinder or detailed tree models that mimic a coastal forest. After the procedure of NFTs in the multiscale evaluation method is briefly summarized and the corresponding governing equations and analysis conditions are presented, we introduce two indices for evaluating the macroscopic flow characteristics within the framework of multiscale modeling. Based on the NFT results, we discuss how the modeling scheme for trees influences the macroscopic flow characteristics in terms of these indices and clarify the microscopic mechanisms that influence the macroscopic attenuation property. Additionally, the NFT results are compared with the experimental results to justify these discussions, and key factors are explored in terms of reproducing real phenomena. In addition, to apply the multiscale evaluation method to assess the disaster mitigation performance of various types of ecosystems in a realistic situation, we discuss under what circumstances and with what level of detail vegetation should be modeled.
Effect of Lactobacillus brevis (MG000874) on Antioxidant Related Genes Expression of liver and kidney in d-galactose Induced Oxidative stress Mice Model”
Authors: Noureen Saleha , Hussain Tanveer , Noureen Aasma , Altyar Ahmed E.
Published: October 2022

Oxidative stress connected with several stress-associated diseases. Potent radical-scavenging activity of Latic acid bacteria had been stated due to its ridiculous antioxidant activity. This work designed to find the defensive effects of Lactobacillus brevisMG000874 against oxidative injuries induce by d-galactose in vivo and as well as to explore the gene expression changes in oxidative stress induce mice. D-galactose (D-gal) induction (300mg/BW) in mice raised the levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) determined by spectrophotometer. In addition, Lactobacillus brevis MG000874 altered gene expression of oxidative stress marker at the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels was determined by RT-PCR. In the mouse model, L. brevis MG000874 significantly improved the GST, GPX, SOD, CAT and B-actin levels in kidney, and liver of the D-gal-induced mice. Moreover, the histological investigation indicated that Lactobacillus brevis MG000874 effectively relieved kidney and liver damage in mice induced by D-gal. L. brevis MG000874 as a powerful antioxidant mediator endorsed fitness and lessened the risk of stress-linked diseases.