bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized entropies, density of states, and non-extensivity
Authors: Balogh Sámuel G. , Palla Gergely , Pollner Péter , Czégel Dániel
Published: September 2020

The concept of entropy connects the number of possible configurations with the number of variables in large stochastic systems. Independent or weakly interacting variables render the number of configurations scale exponentially with the number of variables, making the Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy extensive. In systems with strongly interacting variables, or with variables driven by history-dependent dynamics, this is no longer true. Here we show that contrary to the generally held belief, not only strong correlations or history-dependence, but skewed-enough distribution of visiting probabilities, that is, first-order statistics, also play a role in determining the relation between configuration space size and system size, or, equivalently, the extensive form of generalized entropy. We present a macroscopic formalism describing this interplay between first-order statistics, higher-order statistics, and configuration space growth. We demonstrate that knowing any two strongly restricts the possibilities of the third. We believe that this unified macroscopic picture of emergent degrees of freedom constraining mechanisms provides a step towards finding order in the zoo of strongly interacting complex systems.
Identification of a distinct association fiber tract “IPS-FG” to connect the intraparietal sulcus areas and fusiform gyrus by white matter dissection and tractography
Authors: Jitsuishi Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Atsushi
Published: September 2020

The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is well-known as an interface for sensorimotor integration in visually guided actions. However, our understanding of the human neural network between the IPS and the cortical visual areas has been devoid of anatomical specificity. We here identified a distinctive association fiber tract “IPS-FG” to connect the IPS areas and the fusiform gyrus (FG), a high-level visual region, by white matter dissection and tractography. The major fiber bundles of this tract appeared to arise from the medial bank of IPS, in the superior parietal lobule (SPL), and project to the FG on the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in post-mortem brains. This tract courses vertically at the temporo-parieto-occipital (TPO) junction where several fiber tracts intersect to connect the dorsal-to-ventral cortical regions, including the vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF). We then analyzed the structural connectivity of this tract with diffusion-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) tractography. The quantitative tractography analysis revealed the major streamlines of IPS-FG interconnect the posterior IPS areas (e.g., IP1, IPS1) with FG (e.g., TF, FFC, VVC, PHA2, PIT) on the Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas (HCP MMP 1.0). Since the fronto-parietal network, including the posterior IPS areas, is recruited by multiple cognitive demands, the IPS-FG could play a role in the visuomotor integration as well as the top-down modulation of various cognitive functions reciprocally.
Molecular subtyping of glioblastoma based on immune-related genes for prognosis
Authors: Chen Xueran , Fan Xiaoqing , Zhao Chenggang , Zhao Zhiyang , Hu Lizhu , Wang Delong , Wang Ruiting , Fang Zhiyou
Published: September 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with an increasing mortality and morbidity and is considered as an aggressive brain tumor. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out to examine the molecular biology of GBM, and the progression of GBM has been suggested to be correlated with the tumor immunophenotype in a variety of studies. Samples in the current study were extracted from the ImmPort and TCGA databases to identify immune-related genes affecting GBM prognosis. A total of 92 immune-related genes displaying a significant correlation with prognosis were mined, and a shrinkage estimate was conducted on them. Among them, the 14 most representative genes showed a marked correlation with patient prognosis, and LASSO and stepwise regression analysis was carried out to further identify the genes for the construction of a predictive GBM prognosis model. Then, samples in training and test cohorts were incorporated into the model and divided to evaluate the efficiency, stability, and accuracy of the model to predict and classify the prognosis of patients and to identify the relevant immune features according to the median value of RiskScore (namely, Risk-H and Risk-L). In addition, the constructed model was able to instruct clinicians in diagnosis and prognosis prediction for various immunophenotypes.
Sensitivity and specificity of blood-fluid levels for oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Almarzouki Abeer , Wilson Duncan , Ambler Gareth , Shakeshaft Clare , Cohen Hannah , Yousry Tarek , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Houlden Henry , Brown Martin M. , Muir Keith W. , Jäger Hans Rolf , Werring David J.
Published: September 2020

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening emergency, the incidence of which has increased in part due to an increase in the use of oral anticoagulants. A blood-fluid level within the haematoma, as revealed by computed tomography (CT), has been suggested as a marker for oral anticoagulant-associated ICH (OAC-ICH), but the diagnostic specificity and prognostic value of this finding remains unclear. In 855 patients with CT-confirmed acute ICH scanned within 48 h of symptom onset, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the presence of a CT-defined blood-fluid level (rated blinded to anticoagulant status) for identifying concomitant anticoagulant use. We also investigated the association of the presence of a blood-fluid level with six-month case fatality. Eighteen patients (2.1%) had a blood-fluid level identified on CT; of those with a blood-fluid level, 15 (83.3%) were taking anticoagulants. The specificity of blood-fluid level for OAC-ICH was 99.4%; the sensitivity was 4.2%. We could not detect an association between the presence of a blood-fluid level and an increased risk of death at six months (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.28–3.88, p = 0.769). The presence of a blood-fluid level should alert clinicians to the possibility of OAC-ICH, but absence of a blood-fluid level is not useful in excluding OAC-ICH.
Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest increases the plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide
Authors: Kashiwagi Yusuke , Komukai Kimiaki , Kimura Haruka , Okuyama Toraaki , Maehara Tomoki , Fukushima Keisuke , Kamba Takahito , Oki Yoshitsugu , Shirasaki Keisuke , Kubota Takeyuki , Miyanaga Satoru , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: September 2020

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) regulate blood pressure and fluid homeostasis and exert various effects on the cardiovascular system. Recently, the relationship between NPs and the energy metabolism has been reported, and using a cell culture experiment system, we previously showed that NP activated brown cells in a low temperature environment while also suppressing a decrease in the cell temperature. However, few reports have described the secretion of NPs in cold environments, and there have been almost no studies of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in humans. We investigated how NPs respond to cold environments in 21 patients who underwent therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after cardiac arrest. The plasma BNP levels were significantly increased (more than fivefold) during TH (logarithmically from 1.98 ± 0.79 to 2.63 ± 0.59, P < 0.01). During TH, diastolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) significantly decreased, and there were no significant changes in the stroke volume index (SVI). This increase of BNP was not associated with any hemodynamic changes. In contrast to our findings for BNP, the change in A-type NP (ANP) was quite small. We detected a significant increase in the plasma BNP levels during TH, unrelated to hemodynamics. This elevation of BNP levels seems to be potential influenced by hypothermia.
Correction: A facile deoxyuridine/biotin-modified molecular beacon for simultaneous detection of proteins and nucleic acids via a label-free and background-eliminated fluorescence assay
Authors: Yin Fei , Liu Liqi , Sun Xia , Hou Laiyong , Lu Yu , Xue Qingwang , Lin Tong , Li Xia , Li Chen-zhong
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘A facile deoxyuridine/biotin-modified molecular beacon for simultaneous detection of proteins and nucleic acids via a label-free and background-eliminated fluorescence assay’ by Fei Yin, et al., Analyst, 2019, 144, 5504–5510, DOI: 10.1039/C9AN01016E.
Ligand-protected Au4Ru2 and Au5Ru2 nanoclusters: distinct structures and implications for site-cooperation catalysis
Authors: Sun Yongnan , Yang Dan , Zhang Yuying , Hu Weigang , Cheng Xinglian , Liu Xu , Chen Mingyang , Zhu Yan
Published: September 2020

The Au5Ru2 cluster with an Ru–Ru or Au–Ru dual-site outperforms the Au4Ru2 cluster with a single-Ru site for N-methylation reactions.
Cl− modification for effective promotion of photoelectrochemical water oxidation over BiVO4
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Qiqi , Chen Xin , Yang Fang , Wang Defa , Liu Lequan , Ye Jinhua
Published: September 2020

A facile Cl− modification promotes the photocurrent density of BiVO4 up to 2.7 mA cm−2 by facilitating carrier transfer.
Enhancing the nutritional profile and digestibility of lentil flour by solid state fermentation withPleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Asensio-Grau Andrea , Calvo-Lerma Joaquim , Heredia Ana , Andrés Ana
Published: September 2020

Lentils (Lens culinaris) present an excellent nutrient profile.
Probiotics improved hyperlipidemia in mice induced by a high cholesterol diet via downregulating FXR
Authors: Liang Xi , Zhang Zhe , Zhou Xiaohong , Lu Youyou , Li Rui , Yu Zhuang , Tong Lingjun , Gong Pimin , Yi Huaxi , Liu Tongjie , Zhang Lanwei
Published: September 2020

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis F1-7 (F1-7) could alleviate hyperlipidemia through LXR/NPC1L1 pathway and FXR/FGF15/CYP7A1 pathway.
Hydrophobic amine-based binary mixtures of active pharmaceutical and food grade ingredients: characterization and application in indium extraction from aqueous hydrochloric acid media
Authors: Edgecomb Joseph M. , Tereshatov Evgeny E. , Zante Guillaume , Boltoeva Maria , Folden III Charles M.
Published: September 2020

Indium extraction into novel hydrophobic binary mixtures based on common pharmaceutical and food grade compounds.
Self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets: the key step toward highly efficient desalination
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Wen , Zhang Mutian , Chen Shougang
Published: September 2020

Lamellar graphene oxide (GO) membranes are new membrane materials for seawater desalination due to their selective sub-nanometer interlayer two-dimensional channels.
Inorganic nanocrystal-dynamic porous polymer assemblies with effective energy transfer for sensitive diagnosis of urine copper
Authors: Ma Xujiao , Yang Yajie , Ma Rongchen , Zhang Yunfeng , Zou Xiaoqin , Zhu Shoujun , Ge Xin , Yuan Ye , Zhang Wei , Zhu Guangshan
Published: September 2020

Despite their remarkable mechanical, optical, and electrical properties, inorganic particles and dynamic polymer assemblies encounter difficulties in their compatibility with regards to structural order and complexity.
MicroRNA-223 decreases cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and enhances cell apoptosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia via targeting Forkhead box O 1
Authors: Li Chunyu , Zhao Tana , Nie Lei , Zou Yanhong , Zhang Quan
Published: September 2020

Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a frequent malignancy in childhood. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of miR-223 in ALL and its underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: The mRNA expression of miR-223 and FOXO1 was detected by qRT-RCR in ALL children. The correlation between miR-223 and clinical indexes of ALL was determined. CCRF-CEM and NALM-6 cells were transfected with miR-223 mimic and miR-223 inhibitor, respectively. The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of CCRF-CEM and NALM-6 cells were measured by MTT, flow cytometry and transwell assay. The protein expression of FOXO1 was detected by Western blot. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assay were performed to investigate the target gene of miR-223 and validate their targeting relationship.

Results: The mRNA expression of miR-223 was markedly down-regulated in ALL, but FOXO1 was up-regulated. The protein expression of FOXO1 was highly expressed in CCRF-CEM and NALM-6 cells. The expression of miR-223 was related to WBC, PLT, RBC and risk stratification. Overexpression of miR-223 not only inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but also induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, FOXO1 was a target gene of miR-223 in ALL cells. Silencing of FOXO1 reversed the effects of miR-223 inhibitor on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in ALL.

Conclusions: miR-223 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promote apoptosis by targeting FOXO1 in ALL.
Sophoricoside ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by activating AMPK/mTORC1-mediated autophagy
Authors: Gao Maomao , Hu Fengjiao , Hu Manli , Hu Yufeng , Shi Hongjie , Zhao Guo-Jun , Jian Chongshu , Ji Yan-Xiao , Zhang Xiao-Jing , She Zhi-Gang , Li Hongliang , Zhu Lihua
Published: September 2020

Aim: The study aims to evaluate protective effects of sophoricoside (Sop) on cardiac hypertrophy. Meanwhile, the potential and significance of Sop should be broadened and it should be considered as an attractive drug for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.

Methods: Using the phenylephrine (PE)-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) enlargement model, the potent protection of Sop against cardiomyocytes enlargement was evaluated. The function of Sop was validated in mice received transverse aortic coarctation (TAC) or sham surgery. At 1 week after TAC surgery, mice were treated with Sop for the following 4 weeks, the hearts were harvested after echocardiography examination.

Results: Our study revealed that Sop significantly mitigated TAC-induced heart dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, Sop treatment induced a remarkable activation of AMPK/mTORC1-autophagy cascade following sustained hypertrophic stimulation. Importantly, the protective effect of Sop was largely abolished by the AMPKα inhibitor Compound C, suggesting an AMPK activation-dependent manner of Sop function on suppressing pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Conclusion: Sop ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by activating AMPK/mTORC1-mediated autophagy. Hence, Sop might be an attractive candidate for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties
Authors: Koerner Tess K. , A. Papesh Melissa , Gallun Frederick J.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods.

Method

A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection.

Results

Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options.

Conclusions

Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.
Plasma environment effects on K lines of astrophysical interest
Authors: Deprince J. , Bautista M. A. , Fritzsche S. , García J. A. , Kallman T. R. , Mendoza C. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P.
Published: September 2020

Aims.Within the framework of compact-object accretion disks, we calculate plasma environment effects on the atomic structure and decay parameters used in the modeling of K lines in lowly charged iron ions, namely Fe II–Fe VIII.

Methods.For this study, we used the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method approximating the plasma electron–nucleus and electron-electron screenings with a time-averaged Debye-Hückel potential.

Results.We report modified ionization potentials, K-threshold energies, wavelengths, radiative emission rates, and Auger widths for plasmas characterized by electron temperatures and densities in the ranges 105 − 107K and 1018 − 1022cm−3. In addition, we propose two universal fitting formulae to predict the IP and K-threshold lowerings in any elemental ion.

Conclusions.We conclude that the high-resolution X-ray spectrometers onboard the future XRISM and ATHENA space missions will be able to detect the lowering of the K edges of these Fe ions due to the extreme plasma conditions occurring in the accretion disks around compact objects.
Article Review: The Policy Implementation of Waste to Energy Power Plant – Pilot Project in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Nurany Fierda , Ismail Ismail , Ferdaus Noor Aulady Mohamad , Laila Hamidah Nur , Vicente Del Castillo Rubi Rugi
Published: September 2020

Indonesia government has nominated Surabaya city as one of the Indonesia pilot projects of waste to energy power plants (WEPP). The WEPP in Surabaya will start to operate in November 2019. However, to ensure this facility operates according to the regulation, the WEPP should be supported by good policy from the stakeholder. This research aims to review the policy implementation of WEPP in Surabaya pilot project based on Van Meter and Van Horn theory. The theory has several indicators that indicate good policy implementation. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach by interviewing fifteen respondents who involved in WEPP pilot project. The results suggest that the policy implementation of WEPP needs further regulation from local government about the management procedure of waste material, which converts to the tipping fee. The solution suggested from this issue is the contract refinement and the fundamental improvement of the communication system to the better WEPP.
Analysis of RAM (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) Production of Electric Voltage from 48 V PV (Photovoltaic) at Pantai Baru Pandansimo, Indonesia
Authors: Causia Aguisti Fizanti , Musyafa’ Ali , Khamim Asy’ari Muhammad
Published: September 2020

The production on electrical voltage from photovoltaic has fluctuating performance, so it needs to be maintained with optimum control and operational system. Reliability in operation maintenance needs to be maintained, so that the production of electric voltage can be maintained. The analysis is done by calculating the reliability based on the failure rate (λ) that obtained from the value of out of scope contained on the control chart. The variation given is in the form of a failure rate (λ) based on the standard deviation limit. The reliability and availability values are obtained based on the failure rate (λ) while the maintainability values are obtained from the value of repair (r) based on the results of an interview. The failure rate (λ) obtained has a constant value of 0.0274. The reliability value of the photovoltaic system has decreased to 0.55 after the photovoltaic system operates for 22 d. The photovoltaic system has a high availability of 0.998 which is constant at t = 20 d. The photovoltaic system will achieve maintainability of 1 at t = 13 d.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation for Designing Mooring Bitts Position at the Barge for Wave Energy Conversion (WEC)
Authors: Syarif Arief Irfan , Aria Pria Utama I Ketut , Hantoro Ridho , Prananda Juniarko , Muhammad Megawan Alfa
Published: September 2020

Potential wave energy in Indonesia between 5 kW m–1 to 20 kW m–1 depending on-site location coastline. This research in ocean energy of Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) is wave activated body using the floating or motion hull due to kinetic and momentum energy from an ocean wave. The pendulum movement cause by a floating hull to drive the electric generator. The shape of the hull, displacement, and position point of the mooring line greatly influences the movement of the hull. This paper discusses how to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation can solve and determine the best mooring line position in the hull. Moreover, the shape of the hull at under waterline or drought has slope angle 45°, length overall 3 m, breadth 1.5 m, depth 2 m, and draft 0.65 m. One of the boundary conditions in the domain CFD, the direction of a wave from inlet boundary to starboard or port side using regular wave. The position both of mooring bitts are at forwarding perpendicular and after perpendicular. Three-position of mooring bitts that have simulated CFD: under the waterline, (ii) at the waterline, and (iii) up waterline. The result of simulation that the best position of mooring bitts is at the waterline.
Temporary Performance Degradation of Photovoltaic Street Light in Kupang City, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia
Authors: Tanesab Julius , Sinaga Rusman , Mauta James , Amheka Adrianus , Hattu Edwin , Nikson Liem Ferdinan
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the effect of dust to the performance degradation of PV street lights deployed at several areas (coastal, urban, industry, and village) in Kupang city. Results showed that maximum power output (Pmax) of all modules decreased by 9 % to 14 %. Short circuit current (Isc) was the parameter strongly affected by dust compared to open circuit voltage (Voc). Performance of the PV modules increased back to their initial conditions after cleaning. This was indicated by the increasing of Isc and Voc of the modules that leading to the escalating of their Pmax values. The worst effect of dust was exhibited by PV modules installed at coastal area. A simple analysis revealed that the module would lose 87.75 Wh of energy d–1. This study suggested that dust derating factor applied for PV street light design in Kupang should be higher than the standard (5 %).
Mathematics Modelling and Performance Analysis of the Heat Transfer on Vacuum Tube Collector of Water Heater Application
Authors: Hamanda Lia , Nugroho Gunawan
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to study a mathematical modelling and simulation for predicting the thermal performance heat-pipe evacuated a solar collector for water heater, which was considered the temperature distribution along the tube axis and radius. This model used to help in studying the dynamic behaviour of the system design and the effect of influential parameter on the water heater process. The result showed that water heating is affected by the surface of collector, metrological conditions such as solar radiation and outdoor temperature, even the thermal performance of the collector.
Technical and Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Potential for Waste to Energy Plant (Case Study: Jatibarang Landfill Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Soleh Mohammad , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Windarta Jaka , Anne Olga , Hendroko Setyobudi Roy , Mel Maizirwan
Published: September 2020

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is still a serious problem in Indonesia. As well as following up on the Indonesian Government’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions, a Presidential decree Perpres Number 18 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of the Development of Waste-Based Power Plants was made. It is expected that the construction of Waste-Based Power Plants from landfills can reduce the budget deficit in handling municipal waste while maintaining environmental preservation. This research calculates the potential of landfill gas that can be produced from the landfill waste dumps of Jatibarang, as well as the capacity of electrical energy that can be produced. Furthermore, with several types of plant scenarios used, it can be seen the economic feasibility of the construction of a Waste Based Power Plant in Jatibarang landfill. The landfill gas potential and economic feasibility for this study are calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Inventory Software and LFG-CostWeb from LandGEM. The results showed that only from the electricity sale Standard Reciprocating Engine-Generator Set project may generate a break even in the 6 yr after the operation begins and value of the net present value is USD 755 664 for 15 yr project lifetime.
Rooftop Photovoltaic-Battery Systems to Mitigate Overvoltage and Under Voltage in a Residential Low Voltage Distribution System
Authors: Charoenwattana Praphawadee , Sangpanich Umarin
Published: September 2020

High penetration of rooftop photovoltaic systems in a residential low voltage distribution system has to be controlled in order to maintain stable voltage condition. Energy storage systems, such as batteries, can be used to absorb excess energy of photovoltaic systems and to shave peak load during on-peak time. This paper proposes guiding principles for the incorporation of energy storage systems into a residential low voltage distribution system with high penetration of rooftop photovoltaic systems. Real residential distribution system circuits and all parameters from the Geographic Information System database of the Provincial Electricity Authority in Thailand were used for simulation analysis to study the application of energy storage systems for regulating voltage in a range of the nominal voltage by 10 %. Solar radiation data from the PVGIS were used. The voltage results were simulated by using the DIgSILENT Power Factory program. Based on the simulation, it was found that the overvoltage and under voltage protection and energy loss reduction could be achieved by (i) installing small battery systems in households and (ii) installing battery stations within the vicinity of the transformer or the weakest point of the circuit.
Metamaterial Concentrator for Thermal Energy Harvester
Authors: Nichita Kaikatui Rapha , Putra Andika Adik , Letsoin Vinsenius , Mangera Paulus , Hardiantono Damis , Adhi Nugroho Yogo , Susanto Herry , Wibowo Haryo
Published: September 2020

Energy demand increases in line with rapid technological advances. Research on the harvesting of renewable energy continues to be done to make efforts to convert heat energy, which is very abundant in our daily environment. Thermoelectric technology is an alternative source in answering energy needs and can produce energy on a large and small scale. Thermoelectric technology works by converting heat energy into electricity directly, or from electricity to cold. This research presents an experimental study conducted to find out the thermoelectric characteristics of the TEC in the reversal function, with heating and cooling tests on each side of the TEC type thermoelectric element, carried out to obtain the voltage value as the electrical potential generated from this element. The result is thermoelectric potential to generate DC electricity but is very limited in the function of maintaining a heat source on the hot side element. This research then proposes thermal metamaterial that functions as a collector of thermal energy in the method of converting thermal energy into DC electrical energy for the application of low power consumption communication systems.
Design and Implementation of Real-Time Monitoring System for Solar Power Plant in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Hantoro Ridho , Septyaningrum Erna , Cony Setiadi Iwan , Fahmi Izdiharrudin Mokhammad , Damien Uwitije Pierre , Akbar Aryeshah , Hanif Rahmawan Naufal , Sinatra Lutfan
Published: September 2020

Availability of renewable energy now makes solar energy the right choice because of its advantages and easy application compared to other renewable energy sources. Monitoring of the output parameters of solar power plants needs to be done to assess the performance and efficiency of a solar power plant in real environmental conditions. The aims of research is to provide a direct and real time monitoring. This research has been carried out in solar power plants at Engineering Physics Department, FTI-ITS. The design of an ATmega32 microcontroller-based system that is integrated with Raspberry-pi as a data acquisition system. Data reading solar power plants output parameters stored in memory can be downloaded at any time. The analysis result shows that the efficiency of photovoltaic arrays is 10.78 %. The total efficiency of the solar power plants system is 8.05 %.
An Assessment on the Development of the Nationwide Solid Waste-To-Energy Potential Model in the Philippines
Authors: Co Ronald Allan , Paringit Enrico
Published: September 2020

Solid waste biomass contains a significant amount of carbohydrates and other combustible chemical compounds that have potential as an alternative energy source. In this paper, the synthesis of biomass energy potential assessment from solid waste and the development of a model equation was presented, in order to utilize as assessment tools for the Philippine local government units, most especially the established sanitary landfills and waste-to-energy technologies and facilities that are soon-to-be installed. Data for the said model equation was obtained from various Philippine government agencies, such as the Department of Energy, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and others. In order to accumulate those in the model, numerous concepts are applied, such as parameterization and others. Furthermore, a time-series study is subjected to analysis, in order to forecast of the biomass energy. Moreover, the biomass energy potential from the rest of the Philippine archipelago may be further evaluated with the use of the proposed model equation.
Advanced Process Control to Minimize Disturbance in Gas Processing Facility (GPF)
Authors: Firdaus Mujiyanti Safira , Ruki Biyanto Totok
Published: September 2020

For the gas treatment process, the process that occurs is separating the gas from the components of H2S, CO2, and H2O. The separation of gases from these components uses the aid of Amine fluid and TEG fluid. The unit that important in this process are Amine and TEG Contactor. To be able to separate the three components from the gas, the mass flow rate of Amine and TEG must be controlled so that the processing can work optimally. In reality in the field, the input of this process from the well is not always steady. So, this condition becomes a disturbance from the control process. The solution to minimize the disturbance of process with Advanced Process Control (APC). Therefore, this research will design APC on Amine and TEG Contactor to improve the stability of the mass flow response of Amine and TEG. In designing APC, the plant model is required first. Plant modelling obtained with software HYSYS and validated with MATLAB. The result shows the RMSE value below 5 %. The result proved to be able to make the process more stable from before design proven by slurries settling time, steadystate errors and maximum overshoot.
Experimental Study of Hydrokinetic Power Generation System Integration – Straight Blade Cascaded (SBC) Vertical Axis Darrieus Turbine
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono , Hantoro Ridho , Parsaulian Panjaitan Fernando , Septianingrum Erna , Hidayati Nuril , Sinatra Lutfan
Published: September 2020

The utilization of hydrokinetic energy as renewable energy is an effort in meeting the increasing demand for energy. The development of vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine straight blade cascaded (VAHT-SBC) at previous research has successfully extract energy with high-performance coefficients. However, the developed VAHT-SBC has not yet been integrated with generators as a power system generator. This research was conducted experimentally on an open channel, including an integrated system designed using VAHT-SBC and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) with a belt-pulley mechanism. The result shows the proportional relation of generator rotational speed to voltage and frequency. On the contrary, the generated voltage experience drop due to the loading in the integration system. The value of the voltage and frequency of inverter is not affected by rotational speed and load. The resulting inverter voltage has a value of 230 V and a frequency of 56 Hz. The installation of the integration system on hydrokinetic turbines prototype with the current velocity of 0.82 m s–1 and 0.92 m s–1 could produce 50 W of power.
Modeling and optimization of batch production based on layout and cutting problems under uncertainty
Authors: Saeedi Mohammadhossein , Feizi Ramyar
Published: September 2020

This paper presents modeling and optimization of batch production based on layout, cutting and project scheduling problems by considering scenario planning. In order to solve the model, a novel genetic algorithm with an improvement procedure based on variable neighborhood search (VNS) is presented. Initially, the model is solved in small sizes using Lingo software and the combined (proposed) genetic algorithm; then the results are compared. Afterwards, the model is solved in large sizes by utilizing the proposed algorithm and simple genetic algorithm. The main findings of this paper show: (1) The suggested algorithm is valid and able to achieve optimal and near-optimal solutions. This conclusion was made after proving the validity of the proposed method by solving a case study by employing the classical method (employing Lingo 11). And when the results were compared with the ones obtained by the proposed algorithm, they were found to be the same in both cases. (2) The combined genetic algorithm is more effective in obtaining optimal boundaries and the solutions close to them in all cases compared to the classical (simple) genetic algorithm. In other words, the main finding of this paper is a combined genetic algorithm to optimize batch production modeling problems, which is more efficient than the methods provided in the literature.
L’éducation thérapeutique des proches aidants : une réponse émergente aux besoins de répit des parents d’un enfant malade ou en situation de handicap Résultats d’une recherche participative en Région wallonne (Belgique)
Authors: Dubois Anne-Catherine , Schell Matthias , Boland Maëlle , Gerrienne Hermès , Javaux Alain , Aujoulat Isabelle
Published: September 2020

Introduction :En Belgique comme dans d’autres pays, les aidants proches sortent doucement de l’ombre. Ils assurent diverses tâches, souvent complexes, pour aider, accompagner, soutenir de manière régulière ou continue un proche malade ou dépendant. Aujourd’hui, leur investissement n’est que partiellement reconnu.Objectifs :Au-delà d’un travail de sensibilisation sociétale et politique, nous nous sommes interrogés, en tant que professionnels de la santé en pédiatrie, sur ce qui pourrait être mis en oeuvre pour soutenir les parents-aidants plus précocement et de manière durable sur leur parcours afin de traiter voire de prévenir l’état d’épuisement qui les guette.Méthodes :Pour ce faire, nous avons décidé de mener une recherche participative pour co-construire avec des représentants de tous les acteurs concernés un projet de dispositif novateur dans le système de santé. Cette recherche s’est déroulée en Wallonie (Belgique), sur une période de 2 ans.Résultats :Les principaux résultats traduisent la perception des professionnels et des parents-aidants concernant les besoins de ces derniers ainsi que les réponses à y apporter sous la forme d’un panel de services coordonnés le plus complet et varié possible, tout en tenant compte d’un besoin identitaire émergent auquel nous souhaitons répondre par des ateliers d’éducation thérapeutique.Discussion :Pour bénéficier de répit, les parents doivent préalablement être soutenus dans une démarche de réflexion quant à leur identité de parents et de proches aidants.Conclusion :Cette recherche développe une nouvelle approche décentrée de la maladie ou de la personne malade et centrée sur l’aidant.
Evaluation of various methods for energy storage calculation in nonlinear capacitors
Authors: Xia Jiake , Cao Fei , Yan Shiguang , Chen Xuefeng , Lin Zhi-Sheng , Song Yunxiong , Chen Yonghong , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui
Published: September 2020

In the practical application of capacitors, especially in pulsed application, recoverable energy is a key parameter, which represents the ability to store energy. However, many existing evaluation methods for energy storage calculation have not been systematically implemented and comprehensively understood. In this work, four methods were applied to calculate the energy storage in linear, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric capacitors. All methods were valid when the linear capacitor was examined. In terms of the ferroelectric capacitor, the method of equivalent parameter using DC-bias capacitance was infeasible under the high voltage owing to a massive decrease in field-dependent capacitance. As for the antiferroelectric capacitor with noticeable hysteresis, the maximum of energy storage was obtained by the method of integration of hysteresis loop, while the lower one was obtained in the fast discharge condition by the method of integration of UI (product of voltage and current). In summary, for different materials, both test conditions and calculation methods should be considered to get accurate energy storage, which best fits the working conditions.
Influence of plasma boundary shape on helical core/long-lived mode in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Ishizawa A. , Ishida Y.
Published: September 2020

Helical distortion of the core part of tokamak plasma, which is called a helical core or a long-lived mode, is investigated by means of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium calculations. It is found that the magnitude of the helical distortion strongly depends on the shape of the plasma boundary for weakly reversed shear plasmas. The triangularity of the boundary enhances the amplitude of helical distortion. In addition, reversed D-shape plasmas also exhibit a helical core. It is also found that the triangularity lowers the critical β for the onset of a helical core; furthermore, the critical β vanishes when the triangularity exceeds a certain value. On the other hand, the influence of the ellipticity on the amplitude of helical distortion strongly depends on β. The ellipticity enhances the amplitude at high β, while it reduces the amplitude at low β.
Retarding potential analyzer: Principles, designs, and space applications
Authors: Lai Shu T. , Miller Catherine
Published: September 2020

The main emphasis of this paper is on the use of Retarding Potential Analyzers (RPAs) for measuring the electron and ion distribution functions, density, and temperature of space plasmas and the charging level of spacecraft surfaces interacting with the plasmas. Multiple grids of progressively negative potential are used to suppress the secondary electrons produced at the entrance of an RPA. We point out that it is impossible to achieve complete suppression. The secondary electrons collected by the receiver may produce a spurious lump in the distribution measured. Improved designs and space applications for spacecraft charging and ionic liquid ion beam diagnostics are discussed. Spacecraft charging will be very important for planetary explorations, whereas ionic liquid ion beams will be important for spacecraft propulsion in the future.
Nylon 10-12-based ferroelectric capacitor for energy storage
Authors: Yanaka Ayumi , Sakai Wataru , Kinashi Kenji , Tsutsumi Naoto
Published: September 2020

The energy storage properties of ferroelectric capacitors of nylon 10-12 were investigated. The energy density and the energy efficiency were determined at a high temperature of 90 °C. The normal hysteresis loop of displacement–electric field at room temperature decreased in width at 90 °C. An energy density (U) of 3.92 J cm−3 at 327 MV m−1 was measured for the melt-quenched sample and U of 3.86 J cm−3 at 383 MV m−1 for the annealed-quenched sample. No decrease in the energy efficiency was measured at increased electric fields. An energy efficiency of over 90% was measured for both samples.
Blue electroluminescent metal halide perovskites
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Shih Chih-Jen
Published: September 2020

Bright and color-pure electroluminescent materials are of great commercial interest for advanced lighting and display technology. The emergence of metal halide perovskites has given rise to full coverage of the recommendation 2020 standard, the newly defined color gamut in next-generation displays. Despite the recent development of perovskite-based red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that already reach the maximum external quantum efficiency of 20%, it remains challenging to build deep-blue LEDs with comparable device performance. In this Perspective, we review and comment on the synthesis, progress, and challenges toward stable blue electroluminescence (EL), with a focus on (i) anion-exchanged, (ii) quantum-confined colloidal, and (iii) quasi-two-dimensional perovskites. A perspective outlook discussing the strategies of reducing the non-radiative losses and device interface engineering is given at the end.
Full-wave modeling of micro-acoustofluidic devices driven by standing surface acoustic waves for microparticle acoustophoresis
Authors: Hsu Jin-Chen , Chao Chih-Lei
Published: September 2020

Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based acoustofluidic systems are emerging as an important tool for acoustophoresis. In this paper, we present a full cross-sectional model of standing SAW acoustofluidic devices for obtaining full-wave results. Our model involves a piezoelectric substrate with interdigitated electrodes and a rectangular water channel enclosed in a finite soft elastic solid. This model accounts for piezoelectric SAWs with electromechanical coupling, simultaneous transverse and longitudinal wave fields in the elastic solid from SAW radiation, and acoustic and streaming fields in the enclosed water channel in an integrated system by solving the elastodynamic and Navier–Stokes field equations. Accordingly, the acoustic radiation force and streaming-induced Stokes drag force are obtained to analyze the acoustophoretic motion of microparticles of different sizes. Using the full-wave results, we reveal the influences of the channel wall displacements and acoustic and flow fields in the water domain. The full-wave field also allows us to determine the effects of the channel dimensions and its location in the finite elastic solid on the force strengths. We demonstrate that the critical diameter of the microparticles can be reduced by an order of magnitude by changing the channel location, while maintaining the same acoustic frequency. We note that the results, mechanisms, and method presented in this study can be usefully applied to the rational design of standing SAW acoustofluidic devices and for developing innovative acoustophoretic systems involving complex structure–fluid interactions.
Control of germanium diffusion using low quantities of co-implanted silicon isotopes
Authors: Nélis A. , Barba D. , Terwagne G.
Published: September 2020

The thermal diffusion of Ge implanted into SiO2 films growth on a Si substrate has been studied by nuclear analyses and μ-Raman spectroscopy with and without the presence of co-implanted 30Si and 29Si barriers, each located from both sides of the Ge implanted distribution. Combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and Resonant nuclear reaction analysis shows that, under thermal activation at 1100°C, implanted Ge diffuses differently toward the sample surface and the SiO2/Si interface due to the occurrence of Ge outgassing effects, as well as the non-homogenous distributions of the implanted ion species and the defects they have generated inside SiO2. A maximum local atom concentration of co-implanted silicon as low as ∼1.6 at. % is found to completely block the germanium diffusion in both directions, leading to the formation of Ge nanocrystals and Si/Ge aggregates evidenced by μ-Raman spectroscopy. In addition to highlighting the role of Si excess on the Ge trapping mechanism, such a result makes the nominal silicon oxide stoichiometry and composition two crucial parameters to stabilize Ge during high temperature annealing, which explains the strong discrepancies reported for the Ge thermal diffusion coefficient in the literature.
Comparison of dielectric loss in titanium nitride and aluminum superconducting resonators
Authors: Melville A. , Calusine G. , Woods W. , Serniak K. , Golden E. , Niedzielski B. M. , Kim D. K. , Sevi A. , Yoder J. L. , Dauler E. A. , Oliver W. D.
Published: September 2020

Lossy dielectrics are a significant source of decoherence in superconducting quantum circuits. In this report, we model and compare the dielectric loss in bulk and interfacial dielectrics in titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum (Al) superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators. We fabricate isotropically trenched resonators to produce a series of device geometries that accentuate a specific dielectric region's contribution to the resonator quality factor. While each dielectric region contributes significantly to loss in TiN devices, the metal–air interface dominates the loss in the Al devices. Furthermore, we evaluate the quality factor of each TiN resonator geometry with and without a post-process hydrofluoric etch and find that it reduced losses from the substrate–air interface, thereby improving the quality factor.
Hands and feet: Closer than you think in epithelial migration
Authors: Gupta Shafali , Yap Alpha S.
Published: September 2020

Epithelial migration requires that substrate-based motility be coordinated with cell–cell adhesion. In this issue, Ozawa et al. (2020. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202006196) identify a central role for actin assembly at adherens junctions that contributes to both of these processes.
Broadband with enhanced oblique incidence metamaterial absorber
Authors: Ma Xia , Tian Feng , Li Xiaoyan , Guo Liang , Huang Xiaojun
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present a broadband metamaterial absorber with excellent performances of oblique incidence and polarization insensitivity for enhancing the absorptance of electromagnetic waves at oblique incidence. Simulated results show that absorptance is larger than 0.9 in 1.61–4.45 GHz with the full width half maximum is 122.44%, and absorptance can be maintained stably as the incidence angle increases to 45° both in the case of transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves. The simulated results are successfully verified by microwave experiment in the anechoic chamber. The physics of absorption are revealed by the electric and magnetic fields energy distribution. We believe that the proposed absorber has many promising applications in electromagnetic stealth and energy harvesting.