bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life on the Edge: Border-Making and Agrarian Policies in the Aim District (Eastern Fergana), 1924–1929
Authors: Penati Beatrice
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY: In 1927 the Aim canton, which the national delimitation of 1924 had assigned to Kyrgyz Republic, was split in two parts, the larger of which was assigned to the Uzbek SSR. Besides the intrinsic interest of such a redefinition of the frontier, this had the important consequence of precipitating a sort of micro-land reform for this handful of villages only (as Fergana had already undergone) on the basis of a specific decree. First, by projecting the petitions and decisions on the “correction” of the border against this socioeconomic background, the article demonstrates the spread of discursive tropes pertaining to Soviet-style economic development in shaping the “nationalist” rhetoric of a variety of local actors, and argues that such tropes were decisive in making this rhetoric acceptable. Second, by exploring the special case of Aim, which generated abundant documentation, this article reveals the decision-making process at the basis of the land reform, both in general and in this specific locality. In particular, the author highlights the distance between the initial plans and achievements, and manipulations with social categories. Статья посвящена эпизоду национально-территориального раз-межевания среднеазиатских республик СССР в 1920-х гг. В 1927 г. часть территории, вошедшей в качестве кантона в Киргизскую АССР при разграничении 1924 г., была передана в состав Узбекской ССР. Помимо самой проблемы уточнения границ, особый интерес пред-ставляет земельная микрореформа, проведенная в пределах нескольких кишлаков, вошедших в состав Узбекской Республики, на основании специального декрета. Обращения c предложениями об исправлении границ и принятые на их основе решения рассматриваются в ши-роком социально-экономическом контексте, что позволяет выявить роль советских дискурсов экономического развития в формировании националистической риторики на местах. Сама эта риторика станови-лась приемлемой для советской власти благодаря опоре на аргументы экономического характера. Рассмотренный в статье частный случай, хорошо документированный в источниках, позволяет также изучить процесс принятия решений по поводу проведения земельной реформы как в данном конкретном случае, так и в целом. В качестве характерных черт этого процесса автор называет разрыв между первоначальными планами и их воплощением на практике, а также манипулирование социальными категориями.
Developmentally Appropriate Practice: Adlerian Play Therapy with Preschool Children
Authors: Taylor Dalena Dillman , Bratton Sue C.
Published: September 2014

Recent calls for developmentally appropriate mental health services require counselors to evaluate their approach, especially with young children. Adlerian Play Therapy (AdPT) is a well-developed, manualized child-counseling model (Kottman, 2009) with an abundance of literature describing its theoretical tenets and practical application with elementary-age children. AdPT is one of the most widely used play-based approaches; thus, it is important to examine developmental considerations when implementing this approach with preschool-age children. This article is the first of its kind to address developmental considerations when using AdPT with preschoolers. The authors review developmental considerations of young children and basic constructs of Adlerian theory and AdPT, and they conclude with a case illustration that synthesizes developmental knowledge within the framework of AdPT with a preschooler.
An Individual Psychology Approach to Underlying Factors of Workplace Bullying
Authors: Astrauskaite Milda , Kern Roy M. , Notelaers Guy
Published: September 2014

The phenomenon of workplace bullying is complex, as the various theoretical interpretations of its underlying factors reflect. The field, however, is lacking a holistic view of the antecedents of the phenomenon. Individual Psychology is a useful theory for explaining the underlying factors of workplace bullying because it provides insights related to dysfunctional behavior, principles for successful implementation of the work task, the impact of the social context, and viewing of the individual from a holistic perspective. This article explains the underlying factors of workplace bullying based on the Individual Psychology principles of family of origin, belonging, inferiority and superiority dynamics, social interest, lifestyle, and social context of an organization.
Swimming Upstream: Identifying and Overcoming Therapeutic Challenges—Part 1
Authors: Rasmussen Paul R. , Johnson-Migalski Leigh
Published: September 2014

Mental health counselors and therapists are in the business of helping people to change, but humans rely on the consistency of their convictions to help them negotiate the many challenges of life. Even when people’s convictions and actions prove optimally ineffective, people will hold to their beliefs to retain some sense of control over their lives. Other factors, including common diagnostic and treatment approaches and third-party payment systems, can also impede the process of change. In this column and one to follow in another issue, we present common obstacles to therapeutic change, with some suggestions for how to overcome those challenges. The first column will include four of the eleven obstacles that the authors have identified after many years in private and community mental health settings.
State Funding and the Engaged University: Understanding Community Engagement and State Appropriations for Higher Education
Authors: Weerts David J.
Published: September 2014

Some higher education leaders have suggested that colleges and universities could generate state support if they were more productively engaged in addressing societal needs. This multi-case study examines how community engagement is expressed and understood at institutions that vary in their expected levels of state appropriations. The findings suggest that institutions with higher than expected levels of state appropriations over a 20-year period were located in urban, politically powerful districts with prevalent community engagement opportunities, had less intensive research missions, manifested campus cultures supporting engagement, and relationships with community and industry partners that were reciprocal and mutually beneficial.
Does English Language Learner (ELL) Identification Predict College Remediation Designation?: A Comparison by Race and Ethnicity, and ELL Waiver Status
Authors: Flores Stella M. , Drake Timothy A.
Published: September 2014

Using individual-level longitudinal state administrative data, this analysis examines whether English language learner (ELL) status increases the likelihood of being designated as needing college remediation. We track a cohort of ELL and non-ELL students from first grade to college entry and investigate whether there are differences in students’ remediation designation related to time spent in an ELL program, race/ethnicity, and ELL waiver status. Results suggest distinct differences across racial and ethnic groups within the ELL category. Consistent among all student groups is the negative impact of a concentration of underrepresented students in a high school on remediation designation.
Socioeconomic Diversity in Selective Private Colleges: An Organizational Analysis
Authors: Hearn James C. , Rosinger Kelly Ochs
Published: September 2014

Relatively few students in selective colleges come from disadvantaged backgrounds, so the rewards of attending such schools go mainly to those already advantaged from birth. There is substantial variation in those colleges’ socioeconomic composition, however. Some selective private institutions proportionately enroll five times as many lower-SES students as others. What drives this variation? Longitudinal analyses presented here suggest that, all other factors being equal, private institutions that are historically embedded in elite status maintain less socioeconomic diversity. Conversely, generous financial-aid efforts and test-optional admissions policies appear to contribute to institutions achieving greater SES diversity. The findings suggest several research and policy implications.
Evincing the Ratchet: A Thematic Analysis of the Promotion and Tenure Guidelines at a Striving University
Authors: Gardner Susan K. , Veliz Daniela
Published: September 2014

Institutional striving can be seen in colleges or universities that seek to gain prestige in the academic hierarchy. This goal includes the desire for faculty to produce more research in order to gain more prestige or increase the institution’s reputation. This study examined the promotion and tenure criteria of 30 academic units at one striving university from 1980 to 2012, finding that the pressures to increase were apparent and were simultaneously guided internally by faculty and externally by the administration. Increased demands for excellence in all areas were also manifested in the criteria examined.
Exploring Faculty Beliefs about Student Learning and Their Role in Instructional Decision-Making
Authors: Hora Matthew T.
Published: September 2014

This study utilizes theory from situated cognition to investigate faculty beliefs about student learning and their influence on teaching decisions. Results of interviews with and observations of 56 science and math faculty found that the two most common beliefs are: (a) students learn best through repeated practice, and (b) students have different learning styles. The remaining 13 beliefs exhibited an underlying dimensionality regarding whether teachers or students are responsible for constructing knowledge and understanding. These findings provide insights into factors that can be used to design locally attuned interventions in contrast to a “top‑down” model of change.
Misunderstanding and Repair in Tactile Auslan
Authors: Willoughby Louisa , Manns Howard , Shimako Iwasaki , Bartlett Meredith
Published: September 2014

This article discusses ways in which misunderstandings arise in Tactile Australian Sign Language (Tactile Auslan) and how they are resolved. Of particular interest are the similarities to and differences from the same processes in visually signed and spoken conversation. This article draws on detailed conversation analysis (CA) and demonstrates the power of this methodology for uncovering the subtleties of misunderstanding and repair in deaf-blind communication. In doing so, it aids our understanding of the challenges deaf-blind people encounter in adapting a visual sign language for tactile delivery. Above all, this article demonstrates that experienced tactile signers have a range of strategies at their disposal to resolve interactional trouble and deploy them quickly and effectively when misunderstandings arise.
Manual Activity and Onset of First Words in Babies Exposed and Not Exposed to Baby Signing
Authors: Seal Brenda C. , DePaolis Rory A.
Published: September 2014

Support for baby signing (BS) with hearing infants tends to converge toward three camps or positions. Those who advocate BS to advance infant language, literacy, behavioral, and cognitive development rely heavily on anecdotal evidence and social media to support their claims. Those who advocate BS as an introduction to another language, such as American Sign Language (ASL), advocate early bilingual language learning. A third group warns against BS, emphasizing that it competes for attention with, and thereby potentially delays, spoken language acquisition in hearing infants. Empirical evidence to support any of these camps has been scarce. In this retrospective investigation we analyzed videotapes of sixteen infants from 9 through 18 months of age; eight had been exposed to BS, and eight had not been exposed to signing (NS). We compared their manual activity and found no differences in the quantity of manual activity accompanying vocal activity and no qualitative differences in the handshapes used during manual and vocal activity. More babies in the BS group reached the 4-, 10-, and 25-word milestones than babies in the NS group, but the differences were not statistically significant. In addition, monthly lexical growth from 12 to 18 months did not reveal signing to have a statistical impact on vocabulary acquisition. Discussion of these findings points to a tight relationship between manual and vocal activity in all sixteen babies, a relationship that aligns with previous theories and research on gestural and vocal development. Failure to find a statistical difference between the two groups’ development of words, however, calls for temperance in claiming that baby signing facilitates early word learning and cautions against claims that baby signing interferes with word learning.
Deaf Sociality and the Deaf Lutheran Church in Adamorobe, Ghana
Authors: Kusters Annelies
Published: September 2014

This article provides an ethnographic analysis of “deaf sociality” in Adamorobe, a village in Ghana, where the relatively high prevalence of hereditary deafness has led to dense social and spatial connections. Deaf people are part of their hearing environment particularly through family networks, and produce deaf sociality through many informal interactive practices which take place in “deaf spaces”. In this context, efforts by the Deaf Lutheran Church to institute deaf-only signed worship services and (development) projects have been unsuccessful. Deaf community members are a priori socialized into practices of deaf sociality through deaf spaces and see little or no need for this set of practices which bring them few benefits. Furthermore, collective structuring, social security, social work, interpreting and leadership rather happen in the context of lineages and extended families—where sign language is used—rather than in deaf-based support networks.
Using Design Principles to Consider Representation of the Hand in Some Notation Systems
Authors: Hochgesang Julie A.
Published: September 2014

Linguists have long recognized the descriptive limitations of Stokoe notation, currently the most commonly used system for phonetic or phonological transcription, but continue using it because of its widespread influence (e.g., Siedlecki and Bonvillian 2000). With the emergence of newer notation systems, the field will benefit from a discussion and evaluation of the notation systems. It is necessary to understand the outcomes of choosing one notational system or another for representation of signed language since such a choice has lasting effect on the understanding of patterns in signed languages. In this article, I outline and examine four notation systems (Stokoe notation, Hamburg Notation System, Prosodic Model Handshape Coding and Sign Language Phonetic Annotation) used to represent hand configurations in studies of child acquisition of signed languages from the perspective of design principles of transcription, generally focusing on human and machine readability, but more specifically specificity, category design, transparency, economy, conventionality, and familiarity.
Hamburgers of Devastation: The pleasures and politics of heavy metal cooking
Authors: Phillipov Michelle
Published: September 2014

Heavy metal, a genre once considered a dangerous and transgressive force in popular culture, is now increasingly constructed as a light-hearted source of fun, comedy and entertainment in a growing number of popular cultural forms. Nowhere is this clearer than in the recent phenomenon of the heavy metal cookbook, whereby domestic cookery is (sometimes seriously, sometimes comically) reimagined as part of a metal identity. Such cookbooks reveal not only how transgressive cultural forms can become incorporated and domesticated by the ‘mainstream’, but also how transgression can be repurposed to suit the changing lives of music fans as they age.
‘The Black Sheep of the Family’: Bogans, borders and New Zealand society
Authors: Snell Dave
Published: September 2014

Bogan is a uniquely Australasian term, which is used in New Zealand to describe working-class heavy metal and hard rock fans. As a community, they have developed from New Zealand’s colonial history, as they share many common features of this country’s national identity. Such features include an appreciation of hard work, an enjoyment of a perceived underdog status and a love of beer. However, they are kept at ‘arm’s length’ by non-Bogans due to their alternative appearance and love of heavy metal music. As such they can be defined as occupying a space on the fringes of mainstream society – referred to here as a border community. However, due to their origins they can also be celebrated by non-Bogans and used in the media for a variety of purposes due to easily recognizable imagery. This auto-ethnographic article is an exploratory one, which seeks to introduce the complexities of exclusion and inclusion through the experiences of 25 Bogan participants, highlighting the need for music-based research to further consider the complexities of everyday life.
‘The West Welcomes Refugees’: Community art as a location of culture
Authors: Wyatt Danielle
Published: September 2014

‘The West Welcomes Refugees’ is a government initiated public art project featuring the stories of eleven different migrants and refugees who have settled in Footscray, an old industrial neighbourhood in Melbourne’s inner West. For the cultural researcher, this project invokes multiple terms of reference for situating and interpreting the work. As ‘community art’ it can be framed variously as art instrumentalized for governmental agendas, an organic expression of ‘community’, a social critique of the nation and a poetic reflection on place. This article engages with the unwieldy and contradictory nature of this project by conceiving of it as a complex location of culture, a term borrowed from Homi Bhabha. Bhabha brings a performative understanding to the relationship between community, culture and place. This framing opens up the social and postcolonial politics of ‘The West Welcomes Refugees’ in ways not possible within the theoretical terms currently dominating community arts discourses.
Johann Heinrich Hottinger and the Systematic Organization of Jewish Literature
Authors: Jerchower Seth , Lerner Heidi
Published: September 2014

The authors explore the influence of the Swiss theologian, Orientalist, and Christian Hebraist, Johann Heinrich Hottinger, who preceded Shabbetai Bass in developing and implementing a classified Hebraica-Judaica bibliography. His ideas and theories have heretofore not been closely examined by Judaica bibliographers or researchers of Jewish intellectual history. Hottinger’s innovation was his degree of abstraction: that of analyzing a collection according to its contents. A study of his theories and classification systems can stimulate and encourage a renewed look at early practices and offer insights that can be relevant to current research. Unless otherwise noted, translations from the original Latin, Hebrew, and other languages are the authors’.
Creating a National Bibliographic Past: The Institute for Hebrew Bibliography
Authors: Kohn Roger
Published: September 2014

The mission of the Institute for Hebrew Bibliography (IHB), located at the Jewish and National University Library (JNUL) in Jerusalem from the early 1960s to the present, is to describe all of the books printed in Hebrew characters since the invention of printing to 1960. The ambitious scope of the project was set only after discussions between historians and catalogers. The IHB created two card catalogs, one for bibliographic descriptions, and a second for biographies of Hebrew authors. The release, in 1994, of The Bibliography of the Hebrew Book CD-ROM, followed in 2002 by an Internet-accessible database (updated in 2004), are benchmarks that allow the public to assess the work of the IHB. Technological advances can be used to deliver a clean and easily searchable database only when basic concepts of cataloging/database retrieval have been fully addressed.
Jewish Libraries and Archives in America
Authors: Berger Pearl
Published: September 2014

In celebration of the occasion of the 350th anniversary of Jewish immigration to America, this paper takes a look back and then looks forward, highlighting both achievements and challenges in the realms of Jewish libraries and archives as well as their associated professions. The paper scans the past fifty years, since the tercentenary in 1954, pointing to evidence of much growth and expansion. It then proceeds to discuss areas of development for the future, taking into account opportunities presented by the digital age.
The First Deinard Collection of the Library of Congress
Authors: Weinstein Myron
Published: September 2014

The extensive Hebraica holdings of the Library of Congress are based on a core collection of nearly 10,000 books and pamphlets that was acquired circa 1912. The “nation’s library” purchased that collection—which included 19 incunabula—from the prolific Hebrew author and bibliographer Ephraim Deinard, with financial support from the businessman and philanthropist Jacob Schiff. It was the first of three Deinard collections acquired by the Library of Congress. This article outlines the negotiations and vividly describes the personalities who made that signal acquisition possible.
A Chimney on the Canadian Prairies: Yiddish-Language Libraries in Western Canada, 1900 to the Present
Authors: Jones Faith
Published: September 2014

Yiddish book culture did and does exist in Western Canada, even outside the vibrant Jewish culture of Winnipeg, in communities whose geographic isolation from the Yiddish-speaking centers may seem extreme. Two libraries may serve as examples of the variety of manifestations of Yiddish reading in these localities: the library of the farm community of Edenbridge, Saskatchewan, which may be said to be emblematic of cultural organization in these rural colonies, which existed from before World War I until the 1960s; and the Kirman Library at the Vancouver Peretz Centre for Secular Jewish Culture, itself an unusual example of a Yiddish secular school, which is now the last specifically Yiddish library in Western Canada. Finally, the meaning of Yiddish books in these independent libraries, far from institutional support or a critical mass of Jews, is examined.
The Quest for Excellence in Jewish Children's Literature
Authors: Banks Cheryl , Silverman Lisa
Published: September 2014

When book selectors, book award judges, and reviewers seek to identify excellence in Jewish children's literature, they must look beyond the accepted criteria for literary and artistic quality. This article discusses that criteria and focuses on the special elements that contribute to excellence in the Jewish content of books for children and teens.
A Library Education Program For Ḥaredi Librarians: Background and Description of the Program
Authors: Langerman Shoshana
Published: September 2014

The paper describes the author's experience of establishing the first program for professional education of librarians from the Ḥaredi community in Jerusalem. The paper describes the various problems that the author encountered in establishing the program. The aims of the program are described as well as its curriculum. Some data about the students and the libraries is also included.
Widerstand und Biografie
Authors: Darowska Lucyna
Published: September 2014

Wie ist Milena Jesenská zur Widerständlerin geworden? Diese Frage steht im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung von Lucyna Darowska, die neue Perspektiven interpretativer Biografieforschung innerhalb der politisch-historischen Widerstandsforschung zum Nationalsozialismus erschließt. Ausgehend vom New Historicism setzt sie sich interdisziplinär mit verschiedenen Theorieansätzen auseinander und formuliert dabei den Begriff der widerständigen Praxis neu. Auf dieser an den Forschungsgegenstand angepassten methodisch-theoretischen Basis entwickelt sie Interpretationen widerständiger Handlungen der in literarischen Kreisen bekannten Prager Journalistin Milena Jesenská gegen das NS-Regime.
Legitimierte Gewalt
Authors: Bloch Natalie
Published: September 2014

Seit den Anfängen des Dramas steht der gewaltvolle Konflikt im Zentrum dramatischen Schaffens. Dennoch kommt es um die Jahrtausendwende zu einer Verschiebung in seiner Darstellung: Die Sprache rückt als Verhandlungs- und Austragungsort der Gewalt in den Vordergrund. In der Analyse zweier höchst unterschiedlich konzipierter Theatertexte - Neil LaButes »bash - stücke der letzten tage« und Elfriede Jelineks »Babel« - geht Natalie Bloch diesem Befund nach und zeigt, wie über das Medium der Sprache die Legitimierungen von Gewalt und ihre strukturellen, diskursiven und kulturellen Bedingungen freigelegt werden. Darüber hinaus aktualisiert das Buch das Analyse-Instrumentarium für dramatische und nicht-dramatische Theatertexte.
Mann und Maschine
Authors: Paulitz Tanja
Published: September 2014

Die Herausbildung der modernen Technikwissenschaften vollzog sich nicht zuletzt auch als ein Diskurs über Männlichkeiten. Dass dieser weitaus brüchiger verlief als gemeinhin angenommen, macht dieses Buch deutlich. In ihrer wissenssoziologischen Analyse rekonstruiert Tanja Paulitz unterschiedliche diskursive Praktiken der Vergeschlechtlichung: Diese pendeln zwischen der Neutralisierung des Ingenieurs als »Vernunftwesen« und der Naturalisierung ursprünglich männlicher Produktivität. Entworfen wird einmal der rationale Maschinenwissenschaftler, ein andermal der begabte Mann der Tat - Männlichkeitsbilder, von denen auch das genuine Grundlagenwissen der Technik, wie die technische Mechanik und die Maschinentheorie, nicht unberührt geblieben sind.
Reproduziertes Leben
Authors: Diekämper Julia
Published: September 2014

Wie kaum ein anderes Verfahren moderner Reproduktionstechniken ist die Präimplantationsdiagnostik zum Gegenstand allgemeiner gesellschaftlicher Aushandlungen geworden. In den öffentlichen Diskursen durchdringen sich rechtliche, historische und bioethische Perspektiven. Anhand deutscher und französischer Printmedien markiert Julia Diekämper den Reproduktionsdiskurs als den Ort, an dem sich Biopolitik manifestiert. Sie zeigt, wie sich eine politisch folgenreiche Normenverschiebung von der Ethik der »Heiligkeit des Lebens« zu einer Ethik des Heilens vollzogen hat, und dass sich das universalistische ethische Selbstverständnis ebenso wie der Versuch einer einfachen Homogenisierung europäischen Rechts als Illusion erweisen.
Film-Bildung im Zeichen des Fremden
Authors: Walberg Hanne
Published: September 2014

Filme sind nicht nur Medien des Geschichten-Erzählens, der Unterhaltung oder der Information. Sie können ihre Rezipienten zudem in weit reichende Fremderfahrungen verwickeln und dabei Bildungsprozesse auslösen. Hanne Walberg arbeitet dieses Potenzial von Filmen unter Rückgriff auf aktuelle bildungs- und filmtheoretische Überlegungen in Richtung eines transformatorischen Bildungskonzepts aus. Sie erweitert damit das gängige Verständnis von Film-Bildung, bei dem meistens der Erwerb von filmbezogenem Wissen und Können im Vordergrund steht. Das entwickelte Konzept wird anhand von verschiedenen Filmbeispielen konkretisiert und durch Anregungen für die praktische Arbeit mit Filmen ergänzt.
Die mediale Religion
Authors: Krüger Oliver
Published: September 2014

Die »mediale Religion« bedeutet stets ein theologisches Problem, das den Vorrang der unmittelbaren religiösen Erfahrung in Frage stellt. In der Religionswissenschaft wie auch in der Wissenssoziologie nach Max Scheler, Peter L. Berger und Thomas Luckmann führte dieses erfahrungsorientierte Religionsverständnis zu einer Marginalisierung der medialen Präsentationsformen von Religionen. Mit Bezug auf »Heilige Schriften«, Film, Hörfunk, Fernsehen und Internet zeigt Oliver Krüger die Perspektiven der religionswissenschaftlichen Medienforschung auf. Seine wissenssoziologisch fundierten Analysen verweisen schließlich auf eine Meistererzählung von der ursprünglichen Einheit der Menschen, die für die religiöse Deutung von Medien prägend war.
Soziale Gedächtnisse
Authors: Sebald Gerd , Lehmann René , Malinowska Monika , Öchsner Florian , Brunnert Christian , Frohnhöfer Johanna
Published: September 2014

Wie wird in differenzierten Gesellschaften erinnert? Dieser Band greift kulturwissenschaftliche Thesen zu sozialen Gedächtnissen auf und wendet sie soziologisch, wodurch die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen sozialen Gedächtnissen und ihren Konstitutionsbedingungen in den analytischen Blick geraten. Die Beiträge fokussieren dabei auf die Frage nach der Selektivität von sozialen Gedächtnissen und problematisieren, wie, was und nach welchen Kriterien erinnert oder vergessen wird. In Fallbeispielen, die auf narrativen Interviews und Gruppendiskussionen in Familien aus Ost- und Westdeutschland zur Erinnerung der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus (sowie gegebenenfalls der DDR-Vergangenheit) basieren, wird gezeigt: Das je konkrete soziale Erinnern geschieht unter gesellschaftlichen Rahmungen und Strukturen: Differenzierung, Pluralisierung, Generationengrenzen, Medialität, Authentizität, Diskurse und Semantiken spielen eine bedeutende Rolle.
Liebe ist ...
Authors: Jergus Kerstin
Published: September 2014

Das Sprechen über Liebe bezieht sich stets auf Unbestimmtheit. Welche Bestimmtheitseffekte mit diesem Erfordernis erzeugt werden, lotet die diskursanalytische Studie in den Artikulationen über Liebe aus. Unter Rückgriff auf poststrukturalistische Positionen von Butler, Derrida, Foucault und Laclau analysiert Kerstin Jergus die Figurationen des Liebesdiskurses als Verflechtung subjektivierender und soziosymbolischer Figuren. Das hierbei markierte Differenzverhältnis von Individuum und sozialer Ordnung verbindet schließlich auch analytische und bildungstheoretische Fragehorizonte, in denen Subjektivität in Relation zu Sozialität formuliert wird.
Biosecurity
Authors: Dickmann Petra
Published: September 2014

»Biosecurity« - hinter diesem Schlagwort verbirgt sich ein komplexes sicherheitspolitisches Konzept, das seit den Terroranschlägen vom 11. September 2001 in vielen Schattierungen Eingang in unseren Alltag gefunden hat. Die Kulturwissenschaftlerin und Ärztin Petra Dickmann beleuchtet die Bedrohung durch biologische Waffen und möglichen Missbrauch biomedizinischen Wissens im Hinblick auf ihre gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen. Ihre Analyse wirft ein Schlaglicht auf die biopolitischen Hintergründe der Debatten und beschreibt, wie entsprechende Restriktionsversuche zu einer asymmetrischen Kommunikation führen, die letztlich eine filigrane Militarisierung des öffentlichen Forschungssektors nach sich zieht.
Stille Wasser - tiefe Texte?
Authors: Bachmann Vera
Published: September 2014

Die Oberfläche hatte gegenüber der Tiefe lange Zeit nur einen nachgeordneten Rang - das änderte sich im 19. Jahrhundert. In der Literatur gerät die Tiefe zunehmend in den Bann der Oberfläche, die die Tiefe des Sinns verbürgt. Während Schiller seine Ästhetik des Erhabenen in eine Metaphorik der Tiefe fasst, stellen die weiteren in diesem Buch untersuchten Texte von Hoffmann, Heine, Storm, Stifter, Meyer, Keller und Fontane zwar die Frage »Wie tief sind stille Wasser?«, doch sie suchen die Antwort an der Oberfläche. Im Motiv des Wassers setzen sie die Unterscheidung von Oberfläche und Tiefe als poetologische Metapher um und reflektieren so die eigene hermeneutische Verfasstheit. Die Tiefe des Textes erweist sich als Oberflächenphänomen.
Generation 1989?
Authors: Gloger Martin
Published: September 2014

Wer zählt sich zu einer Generation? Anhand einer empirischen Untersuchung der so genannten »89er« fragt Martin Gloger nach den Logiken der generationellen Selbstthematisierung: Welchen Voraussetzungen folgt sie? Nach welchen Regeln wird sie konstruiert? Sprechen hier Vertreter einer »Fernsehgeneration«, deren prägende Erlebnisse Medienereignisse sind (die »Krise des Wohlfahrtsstaates«, der »Mauerfall« etc.) - oder kann ein Kern an realen Erfahrungen freigelegt werden? Die Studie klärt zudem die allgemeinen Bedingungen der Kategorie Generation und leistet damit einen differenzierten Beitrag zur bisweilen überhitzten Debatte um permanent wechselnde Generationenlabels.
Assessing Organizational Efforts to Mobilize Research Knowledge in Education
Authors: Levin Ben , Qi Jie
Published: September 2014

This paper presents a framework for evaluating efforts by organizations to share research as exemplified on their websites, then reports the result of an evaluation of these efforts in 100 organizations. The result shows that the overall research sharing efforts of these organizations are modest and not well aligned to evidence on effective practice in this area. Organizations tend to devote more efforts to making products available while interpersonal strategies, though more effective, are less used. Most efforts involve one way communication to potential users. The paper concludes with suggestions for practice and for further research.
Encapsulation of fish oil for food use by membrane emulsification followed by atomization
Authors: Kuhn Fernanda , Dal Magro Jacir , Raja Sarathi , Ferrando Montse
Published: September 2014

Fish oil consists of an important natural source of omega-3 fatty acids. Studies have shown that the intake of these compounds is directly related to the prevention of specific kinds of cancer, inflammation and allergies, as well as an improvement in development and function of the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different emulsifiers and polymeric material membranes used in membrane emulsification step (EM Premix) for the encapsulation of fish oil, followed by atomization using the spray dryer. The maltodextrin was used as encapsulating agent. The emulsifier that showed better results for size and particle size distribution in the emulsion (1.063 μm, span 0.66) was Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate), together with the nylon membrane. The larger transmembrane flux (29.595 Kg/m²s) was also obtained using Tween 20 and with the nylon membrane.

 

DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v5i1.133
Discovery-Services – Einführung, Marktübersicht und Trends
Authors: Jansen Heiko
Published: September 2014

Der Beitrag liefert eine kurze Übersicht zur Entstehung und zu den wesentlichen Eigenschaften von Discovery-Services. Die im deutschen Markt vertretenen Anbieter werden vorgestellt und hinsichtlich einiger wichtiger Unterscheidungsmerkmale verglichen. Abschließend werden zwei Trends für die mittelfristige Entwicklung beleuchtet.
Ring class invariants over imaginary quadratic fields
Authors: Eum Ick Sun , Koo Ja Kyung , Shin Dong Hwa
Published: September 2014

We give some explicit conditions under which
the singular values of Δ-quotients
generate ring class fields over imaginary quadratic fields.
The structure of p-local compact groups of rank 1
Authors: González Alex
Published: September 2014

Let p be a fixed prime number. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce irreducible
p-local compact groups and to describe all p-local compact groups of rank 1 in terms of this concept.
Topology of moduli spaces of free group representations in real reductive groups
Authors: Casimiro Ana , Florentino Carlos , Lawton Sean , Oliveira André
Published: September 2014

Let G be a real reductive algebraic group with maximal compact
subgroup K, and let Fr
be a rank r free group.
We show that the space of closed orbits in
Hom(Fr
,G)/G
admits a strong deformation retraction to the orbit space Hom(Fr
,K)/K.
In particular, all such spaces have the same homotopy type. We compute
the Poincaré polynomials of these spaces for some low rank groups
G, such as Sp(4,ℝ) and U(2,2). We also compare
these real moduli spaces to the real points of the corresponding complex
moduli spaces, and describe the geometry of many examples.
Influence of Additional Leading-Edge Surface Roughness on Performances in Highly Loaded Compressor Cascade
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Xu Hao , Sun Shijun , Zhang Longxin , Wang Songtao
Published: September 2014

Experimental research has been carried out at low speed to investigate the effect of additional leading-edge surface roughness on a highly-loaded axial compressor cascade. A 5-hole aerodynamic probe has been traversed across one pitch to obtain the distribution of total pressure loss coefficient, secondary flow vector, flow angles and other aerodynamic parameters at the exit section. Meanwhile, ink-trace flow visualization has been used to measure the flow fields on the walls of cascades and a detailed topology structure of the flow on the walls has been obtained. Aerodynamic parameters and flow characteristics are compared by arranging different levels of roughness on various parts of the leading edge. The results show that adding surface roughness at the leading edge and on the suction side obviously influences cascade performance. Aggravated 3-D flow separation significantly increases the loss in cascades, and the loss increases till 60% when the level of emery paper is 80 mm. Even there is the potential to improve cascade performance in local area of cascade passage. The influence of the length of surface roughness on cascade performance is not always adverse, and which depends on the position of surface roughness.
Uncertainty in Ductile Fracture Initiation Toughness (JIc) Resulting From Compliance Measurement
Authors: Graham Stephen M.
Published: September 2014

ASTM E1820-13 for determining ductile fracture initiation toughness (JIc) includes a single-specimen technique where crack length is determined using the compliance measurement from partial unloads. Noise and nonlinearity in the compliance data, together with the method used to select data to perform linear regression, lead to statistical uncertainty in the resulting crack lengths and JIc. Statistical analysis of linear regression was used to quantify variability in compliance for different selection methods. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to propagate that variability to the determination of JIc and to quantify the resulting uncertainty. Recommendations are made regarding how to select data for linear regression to minimize uncertainty. The simulation shows that a standard error on compliance of less than 0.25 % of the compliance results in a standard deviation in JIc of less than 4 % of the mean JIc.
Sisters Unbound Is Required for Meiotic Centromeric Cohesion in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Krishnan Badri , Thomas Sharon E , Yan Rihui , Yamada Hirotsugu , Zhulin Igor B , McKee Bruce D
Published: September 2014

Regular meiotic chromosome segregation requires sister centromeres to mono-orient (orient to the same pole) during the first meiotic division (meiosis I) when homologous chromosomes segregate, and to bi-orient (orient to opposite poles) during the second meiotic division (meiosis II) when sister chromatids segregate. Both orientation patterns require cohesion between sister centromeres, which is established during meiotic DNA replication and persists until anaphase of meiosis II. Meiotic cohesion is mediated by a conserved four-protein complex called cohesin that includes two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) subunits (SMC1 and SMC3) and two non-SMC subunits. In Drosophila melanogaster, however, the meiotic cohesion apparatus has not been fully characterized and the non-SMC subunits have not been identified. We have identified a novel Drosophila gene called sisters unbound (sunn), which is required for stable sister chromatid cohesion throughout meiosis. sunn mutations disrupt centromere cohesion during prophase I and cause high frequencies of non-disjunction (NDJ) at both meiotic divisions in both sexes. SUNN co-localizes at centromeres with the cohesion proteins SMC1 and SOLO in both sexes and is necessary for the recruitment of both proteins to centromeres. Although SUNN lacks sequence homology to cohesins, bioinformatic analysis indicates that SUNN may be a structural homolog of the non-SMC cohesin subunit stromalin (SA), suggesting that SUNN may serve as a meiosis-specific cohesin subunit. In conclusion, our data show that SUNN is an essential meiosis-specific Drosophila cohesion protein.
Autosomal Admixture Levels Are Informative About Sex Bias in Admixed Populations
Authors: Goldberg Amy , Verdu Paul , Rosenberg Noah A
Published: September 2014

Sex-biased admixture has been observed in a wide variety of admixed populations. Genetic variation in sex chromosomes and functions of quantities computed from sex chromosomes and autosomes have often been examined to infer patterns of sex-biased admixture, typically using statistical approaches that do not mechanistically model the complexity of a sex-specific history of admixture. Here, expanding on a model of Verdu and Rosenberg (2011) that did not include sex specificity, we develop a model that mechanistically examines sex-specific admixture histories. Under the model, multiple source populations contribute to an admixed population, potentially with their male and female contributions varying over time. In an admixed population descended from two source groups, we derive the moments of the distribution of the autosomal admixture fraction from a specific source population as a function of sex-specific introgression parameters and time. Considering admixture processes that are constant in time, we demonstrate that surprisingly, although the mean autosomal admixture fraction from a specific source population does not reveal a sex bias in the admixture history, the variance of autosomal admixture is informative about sex bias. Specifically, the long-term variance decreases as the sex bias from a contributing source population increases. This result can be viewed as analogous to the reduction in effective population size for populations with an unequal number of breeding males and females. Our approach suggests that it may be possible to use the effect of sex-biased admixture on autosomal DNA to assist with methods for inference of the history of complex sex-biased admixture processes.
Systematic Analyses of rpm-1 Suppressors Reveal Roles for ESS-2 in mRNA Splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Noma Kentaro , Goncharov Alexandr , Jin Yishi
Published: September 2014

The PHR (Pam/Highwire/RPM-1) family of ubiquitin E3 ligases plays conserved roles in axon patterning and synaptic development. Genetic modifier analysis has greatly aided the discovery of the signal transduction cascades regulated by these proteins. In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of function in rpm-1 causes axon overgrowth and aberrant presynaptic morphology, yet the mutant animals exhibit little behavioral deficits. Strikingly, rpm-1 mutations strongly synergize with loss of function in the presynaptic active zone assembly factors, syd-1 and syd-2, resulting in severe locomotor deficits. Here, we provide ultrastructural evidence that double mutants, between rpm-1 and syd-1 or syd-2, dramatically impair synapse formation. Taking advantage of the synthetic locomotor defects to select for genetic suppressors, previous studies have identified the DLK-1 MAP kinase cascade negatively regulated by RPM-1. We now report a comprehensive analysis of a large number of suppressor mutations of this screen. Our results highlight the functional specificity of the DLK-1 cascade in synaptogenesis. We also identified two previously uncharacterized genes. One encodes a novel protein, SUPR-1, that acts cell autonomously to antagonize RPM-1. The other affects a conserved protein ESS-2, the homolog of human ES2 or DGCR14. Loss of function in ess-2 suppresses rpm-1 only in the presence of a dlk-1 splice acceptor mutation. We show that ESS-2 acts to promote accurate mRNA splicing when the splice site is compromised. The human DGCR14/ES2 resides in a deleted chromosomal region implicated in DiGeorge syndrome, and its mutation has shown high probability as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Our findings provide the first functional evidence that this family of proteins regulate mRNA splicing in a context-specific manner.
Two Classes of Gap Junction Channels Mediate Soma-Germline Interactions Essential for Germline Proliferation and Gametogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Starich Todd A , Hall David H , Greenstein David
Published: September 2014

In all animals examined, somatic cells of the gonad control multiple biological processes essential for germline development. Gap junction channels, composed of connexins in vertebrates and innexins in invertebrates, permit direct intercellular communication between cells and frequently form between somatic gonadal cells and germ cells. Gap junctions comprise hexameric hemichannels in apposing cells that dock to form channels for the exchange of small molecules. Here we report essential roles for two classes of gap junction channels, composed of five innexin proteins, in supporting the proliferation of germline stem cells and gametogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Transmission electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas and fluorescence microscopy show that gap junctions between somatic cells and germ cells are more extensive than previously appreciated and are found throughout the gonad. One class of gap junctions, composed of INX-8 and INX-9 in the soma and INX-14 and INX-21 in the germ line, is required for the proliferation and differentiation of germline stem cells. Genetic epistasis experiments establish a role for these gap junction channels in germline proliferation independent of the glp-1/Notch pathway. A second class of gap junctions, composed of somatic INX-8 and INX-9 and germline INX-14 and INX-22, is required for the negative regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation. Rescue of gap junction channel formation in the stem cell niche rescues germline proliferation and uncovers a later channel requirement for embryonic viability. This analysis reveals gap junctions as a central organizing feature of many soma–germline interactions in C. elegans.
Using Mendelian Inheritance To Improve High-Throughput SNP Discovery
Authors: Chen Nancy , Van Hout Cristopher V , Gottipati Srikanth , Clark Andrew G
Published: September 2014

Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing or genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches allow for rapid and cost-effective discovery and genotyping of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in multiple individuals. However, rigorous quality control practices are needed to avoid high levels of error and bias with these reduced representation methods. We developed a formal statistical framework for filtering spurious loci, using Mendelian inheritance patterns in nuclear families, that accommodates variable-quality genotype calls and missing data—both rampant issues with GBS data—and for identifying sex-linked SNPs. Simulations predict excellent performance of both the Mendelian filter and the sex-linkage assignment under a variety of conditions. We further evaluate our method by applying it to real GBS data and validating a subset of high-quality SNPs. These results demonstrate that our metric of Mendelian inheritance is a powerful quality filter for GBS loci that is complementary to standard coverage and Hardy–Weinberg filters. The described method, implemented in the software MendelChecker, will improve quality control during SNP discovery in nonmodel as well as model organisms.
Deleterious Passengers in Adapting Populations
Authors: Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M
Published: September 2014

Most new mutations are deleterious and are eventually eliminated by natural selection. But in an adapting population, the rapid amplification of beneficial mutations can hinder the removal of deleterious variants in nearby regions of the genome, altering the patterns of sequence evolution. Here, we analyze the interactions between beneficial “driver” mutations and linked deleterious “passengers” during the course of adaptation. We derive analytical expressions for the substitution rate of a deleterious mutation as a function of its fitness cost, as well as the reduction in the beneficial substitution rate due to the genetic load of the passengers. We find that the fate of each deleterious mutation varies dramatically with the rate and spectrum of beneficial mutations and the deleterious substitution rate depends nonmonotonically on the population size and the rate of adaptation. By quantifying this dependence, our results allow us to estimate which deleterious mutations will be likely to fix and how many of these mutations must arise before the progress of adaptation is significantly reduced.