bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Major Rust Resistance Gene and Amino Acid Changes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
Authors: Basnet Bikas , Juliana Philomin , Bhattarai Keshav , Upreti Umisha
Published: October 2022

Wheat ranks first in the production and productivity of staple cereal crops in the world. Several diseases, including Stripe (Puccinia striiformis f. Sp. tritici), Black (Puccinia graminis f. Sp. tritici), and Brown (Puccinia recondita), have a major negative impact on wheat output, with 20 to 80% loss annually. Growing rust-resistant varieties is the most durable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly way to combat rust pathogens. In the present review, we provide updated information on all black stem rust, yellow leaf rust, and brown leaf rust resistance genes including chromosomal position, those derived from different sources, nature of resistance type, and amino acid changes done by this gene against rust pathogen. This study summarized the 68 black stem rust, 101 leaf rust, and 108 stripe rust resistance genes from diverse cultivars of wheat and wheat primary and secondary gene pools. This review will be valuable to wheat breeders in cloning rust-resistant genes and developing leaf as well as stem rust-resistant wheat cultivars using gene pyramiding as well as frequency multiplication through introgression of the gene of interest for disease-free, sustainable grain production of wheat. The success of pyramiding genes from other sources to bread wheat depends on the nature of germplasm, the gap between flanking marker and targeted genes, the selection of genotypes in each generation, large number of gentoyes large genotype-environment interaction, etc., which is the future area of study.
The Value of the 8th Edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer Pathological Prognostic Staging on the Selection of Postmastectomy Radiotherapy for T1–2N1 Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhong Xiao-rong , Luo Ting , Xiang Zhong-zheng , Zeng Yuan-yuan , Yang Tian , Zheng Hong , Liu Lei
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective. The value of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in T1-2N1M0 breast cancer remains unclear. Our cohort study is aimed at evaluating the PMRT guiding value of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological prognostic staging system in the era of modern systematic treatment in this disease. Methods and Materials. Patients diagnosed with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer between 2008 and 2018 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University were included. Locoregional-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS) were defined as endpoints. The propensity score matching (PSM), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the Cox multivariable model were used for data analysis. Results. We identified 1,615 patients with T1-2N1M0 breast cancer, and 44.9% (

n
=
744

) of them were treated with PMRT. With a median follow-up of 76 months, 46 (2.8%) recurrences, 96 (5.9%) deaths, and 80 (5.0%) breast cancer-related deaths occurred. The 5-year LRFS, DMFS, DFS, BCSS, and OS were 98.6%, 95.3%, 93.7%, 96.5%, and 96.0%, respectively. PMRT could not improve 5-year LRFS, DMFS, DFS, BCSS, and OS compared with non-PMRT neither before nor after PSM in the era of contemporary systemic treatment. ROC curve showed that the 8th pathological prognostic staging had better discriminative ability compared with the 7th anatomical staging [the area under the curve (AUC) 0.653 vs. 0.546,

P
<
0.001

]. In the anatomical staging system, PMRT had comparable 5-year BCSS in comparison with non-PMRT both in stages IIA (97.4% vs. 96.8%,

P
=
0.799

) and IIB (95.3% vs. 97.0%,

P
=
0.071

). When stratified according to the pathological staging, PMRT was associated with better 5-year BCSS in stage IIB (97.1% vs. 90.7%,

P
=
0.039

), while not in stages IA, IB, IIA, and IIIA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PMRT was a significantly protective factor for BCSS in stage IIB (

HR

0.331, 95% CI: 0.100-0.967,

P
=
0.044

). Conclusion. The new staging could better select high-risk patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer for radiotherapy compared with the 7th staging, and PMRT might be exempted except the 8th staging of IIB in the era of contemporary systemic therapy in this disease.
Single-Nucleotide Variants and Epimutations Induce Proteasome Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Haertle Larissa , Barrio Santiago , Munawar Umair , Han Seungbin , Zhou Xiang , Simicek Michal , Vogt Cornelia , Truger Marietta , Fernandez Rafael Alonso , Steinhardt Maximilian , Weingart Julia , Snaurova Renata , Nerreter Silvia , Teufel Eva , Garitano-Trojaola Andoni , Da Viá Matteo , Ruiz-Heredia Yanira , Rosenwald Andreas , Bolli Niccolò , Hajek Roman , Raab Peter , Raab Marc S. , Weinhold Niels , Haferlach Claudia , Haaf Thomas , Martinez-Lopez Joaquin , Einsele Hermann , Rasche Leo , Kortüm K. Martin
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Proteasome inhibitors (PI) are the backbone of various treatment regimens in multiple myeloma. We recently described the first in-patient point mutations affecting the 20S subunit PSMB5 underlying PI resistance. Notably, in vivo, the incidence of mutations in PSMB5 and other proteasome encoding genes is too low to explain the development of resistance in most of the affected patients. Thus, additional genetic and epigenetic alterations need to be explored.

Experimental Design:

We performed DNA methylation profiling by Deep Bisulfite Sequencing in PSMB5, PSMC2, PSMC5, PSMC6, PSMD1, and PSMD5, a subset of proteasome subunits that have hitherto been associated with PI resistance, recruited from our own previous research, the literature, or a meta-analysis on the frequency of somatic mutations. Methylation was followed up on gene expression level and by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The KMS11 cell line served as a model to functionally test the impact of demethylating agents.

Results:

We identified PSMD5 promoter hypermethylation and subsequent epigenetic gene silencing in 24% of PI refractory patients. Hypermethylation correlated with decreased expression and the regulatory impact of this region was functionally confirmed. In contrast, patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, along with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD138+ plasma cells from healthy donors, generally show unmethylated profiles.

Conclusions:

Under the selective pressure of PI treatment, multiple myeloma cells acquire methylation of the PSMD5 promoter silencing the PSMD5 gene expression. PSMD5 acts as a key orchestrator of proteasome assembly and its downregulation was described to increase the cell's proteolytic capacity. PSMD5 hypermethylation, therefore, represents a novel mechanism of PI tolerance in multiple myeloma.
Bacterial Vaginosis Decreases the Risk of Cervical Cytological Abnormalities
Authors: Long Tengfei , Zhang Chao , He Gui , Hu Yue , Lin Zhongqiu , Long Lingli
Published: October 2022

Genital tract infections, including vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis, have emerged as potential modulators of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections causing cervical cytologic abnormalities and cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether vulvovaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis had an additional effect on HPV infection and thus caused such abnormalities. ThinPrep cytologic tests were used to detect cytologic abnormalities, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis in 14,679 women. Cytologic abnormalities included atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude HSIL, and squamous cell carcinoma. Logistic regression Model 1 (univariate regression) and Model 2 (multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age combined with HPV infection) were used to analyze the association between bacterial vaginosis and cytologic abnormalities, or vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytologic abnormalities, alone or in the presence of HPV infection. Bacterial vaginosis infection rates were found to be significantly higher in the cytology-negative group among all participants and those with HPV infection (P = 0.003, P < 0.001, respectively). Analyses using Model 1 and Model 2 both pointed to bacterial vaginosis as a protective factor against cytologic abnormalities for all participants (OR = 0.36, 0.17, respectively, P < 0.05) and for HPV-infected participants (OR = 0.17, 0.16, respectively, P < 0.05). Neither vulvovaginal candidiasis nor vulvovaginal candidiasis + HPV was significantly associated with the incidence of cytologic abnormalities based on Model 1 (OR = 0.94, 0.71, respectively, P > 0.05) and Model 2 (OR = 0.91, 0.74, respectively, P > 0.05). Furthermore, neither vulvovaginal candidiasis nor bacterial vaginosis increased the incidence of cytologic abnormalities regardless of HPV infection status, while bacterial vaginosis might possibly prevent cytologic abnormalities in women coinfected by HPV.

Prevention Relevance:

Neither vulvovaginal candidiasis nor bacterial vaginosis was found to increase the incidence of cervical cytologic abnormalities with or without the presence of HPV. On the contrary, bacterial vaginosis may play a role in preventing cytologic abnormalities in women with HPV coinfection.
Toward a Phenomenological Assessment of Values in Alcohol Misuse
Authors: Soares Maria Julia Francischetto Ribeiro , Messas Guilherme
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Alcohol misuse emerges from a complex range of psychopathological experiences and personal and cultural values. For this reason, understanding the reasons why a person seeks treatment is crucial to effective care. This study aimed to identify the values which guide the decision-making process of persons seeking voluntary hospitalization for treatment for alcohol misuse, as well as the values of significant others. Methods: A phenomenological investigation was conducted through interviews with 25 individuals (and family members) who had voluntarily admitted themselves to a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of maintaining abstinence from alcohol dependence. Results: The main factors that determined the treatment-seeking decision were damage to social relationships and fear of illness and deterioration of the physical condition; the factors related to treatment expectations were restoring personality and awareness of morbidity; and the single factor considered most important to the success of the treatment was willpower. Conclusions: The results of this study contribute to developing strategies for bringing care closer to the patient’s perspective of the disease and encourage their active participation in the formulation of care.
Impact of Stone Localization before Emergency Ureteral Stenting on Further Stone Treatment
Authors: Huettenbrink Clemens , Popeneciu Valentin , Ell Jascha , Hitzl Wolfgang , Distler Florian A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Ureter stones leading to severe pain and urosepsis are usually treated by emergency primary ureteral stenting. However, this intervention can significantly change the location of the stone, potentially also changing the preferred method and/or technical aspects of definitive treatment. We analyzed stone location changes and consequences after emergency ureteral stent insertion prior to secondary ureterorenoscopy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of stone locations in 649 patients with a mean age of 52 ± 16 years who were treated with ureterorenoscopy for symptomatic stones from May 2016 to December 2019. All patients with single unilateral ureterolithiasis undergoing definitive stone treatment by secondary ureterorenoscopy were included. In 469 patients, ureteral stone localization before emergency ureteral stenting and at subsequent ureterorenoscopy was evaluated. Additionally, the use of flexible ureterorenoscopy for complete stone removal was also recorded. Results: Inadvertent repositioning of ureteral stones with a mean diameter of 6.9 (±3.1) mm after ureteral stenting was observed in 45.6%. 119 (25.4%) ureteral stones were displaced back into the kidney. Proximal stones showed a particularly high incidence of repositioning into the renal pelvis (42%, p < 0.05). The majority of cases required the use of flexible ureterorenoscopy showed a primary proximal ureteral localization (60 of 85 patients, 70.5%). Discussion/Conclusion: Emergency ureteral stenting for ureterolithiasis may change the location of a stone, potentially affecting therapy planning, particularly in the case of proximal stones. Imaging control prior to definitive stone treatment is thus especially advisable for proximal ureteral stones.
A Representative Percentile Chart for Prediction of Weight Loss Trend after Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Mokhber Somayeh , Sheidaei Ali , Farsi Farnaz , Setarehdan Seyed Amin , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Solaymani-Dodaran Masoud , Kabir Ali , Abdolhosseini Mohammad Reza , Pazouki Abdolreza
Published: October 2022

Introduction: It could be valuable for surgeons and patients to use one chart in different groups and evaluate weight loss during the post-surgery period. Methods: This retrospective study used the Iran National Obesity Surgery Database. Patients with clinically severe obesity aged 18–70 undergoing sleeve gastrectomy participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI) reduction and 5 other metrics measured over the study period were modeled using lambda-mu-sigma method. Our data were split into the train (70%) and test (30%) sets. Results: In this study, 1,258 patients (75% female) met the eligibility criteria to participate. Mean age and initial BMI were 36.87 ± 10.51 and 42.74 (40.37–46.36), respectively. Percentile charts for various metrics have been presented for the first 2 years after surgery. Conclusions: For sleeve surgery, all metrics are acceptable for clinical applications. Using the statistical view, BMI reduction is the most acceptable metric according to the lowest bias values and its variation between all the metrics.
Seguro de responsabilidade civil médica não garante segurança do paciente
Authors: Lourenço Larissa Cristina , Rezende Elcio Nacur
Published: October 2022

O presente ar tigo, pautado no método hipotético-dedutivo, tratou do seguro de responsabilidade civil médica no Brasil diante do aumento das ações judiciais relacionadas à saúde. A partir de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e utilização de procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais, objetivou-se descobrir se a contratação de seguros profissionais teria um possível efeito preventivo de proteção ao médico e ao paciente contra danos durante a assistência. Para tanto, apresentaram-se noções introdutórias sobre esse tipo de seguro e os principais desafios contemporâneos relacionados a sua utilização para, finalmente, se avaliarem as prováveis consequências dele frente às ações indenizatórias. Verificou-se que a contratação do seguro de responsabilidade civil médica ainda não alcançou números expressivos no país, e que a inexistência de imposição legislativa e a ausência de incentivo pelo conselho profissional competente podem ser fatores que contribuem para esse cenário. Com desafios pré-existentes semelhantes, a experiência nos Estados Unidos demonstrou efeito contrário à prevenção, com o  crescimento de ações indenizatórias e o surgimento de uma nova crise. Por fim, os resultados apontaram para a solidificação da segurança do paciente em detrimento das adversidades decorrentes da adesão ao seguro.
Tempo, movimento e urbanidade: slow cinemas e a estética da lentidão como experiência do viver urbano real
Authors: Santos Paul Newman dos , Castral Paulo Cesar
Published: October 2022

Adentrando no debate dos imaginários urbanos criado pela linguagem cinematográfica, busca-se discutir a relação entre filmes urbanos da tendência Slow Cinemas e o discurso de “experiência urbana lenta” que se constrói por meio dessa produção. Para tal, optou-se por fazer uma aproximação dos princípios de lentidão que essa tendência incorpora com os debates existentes nos estudos urbanos que teorizam sobre as práticas “lentas” no espaço da cidade como uma experiência de resistência da mercantilização da vida urbana. Objetiva-se, contribuir para os debates sobre a formação histórica da imagem da cidade contemporânea, propondo discutir o caráter plural que se tem sobre as representações do viver citadino, interseccionando saberes do campo da arte, da cultura e dos estudos urbanos. A hipótese é que, pela relação cidade-cinema-espectador, a lentidão transcrita pela mobilidade dos corpos nos Slow Cinemas dimensiona uma apreensão contemplativa da urbanidade representada no espaço fílmico. Existe uma similitude entre o processo de apreensão do filme e da cidade representada, de modo a constituir uma territorialidade lenta que restaura um senso de experiência sensível contrária às temporalidades do consumo. Portanto, no visionamento dos filmes, pelo registro da duração da experiência no urbano, evoca-se um lugar de reflexão sobre o viver contemporâneo.
As exposições brasileiras com curadoria de Georges Didi-Huberman e sua contribuição para a difusão do pensamento warburguiano
Authors: Xavier Isabel
Published: October 2022

Para além das obras literárias, a difusão do trabalho de Aby Warburg tem sido favorecida substancialmente por meio da organização de exposições. Além de remontagens expográficas do Atlas Mnemosyne, as evidências das teorias warburguianas adquirem especial relevância ao se relacionar à produção de exposições na sociedade contemporânea. Nesse sentido, este ensaio trata das exposições com curadoria do filósofo e historiador da arte francês Georges Didi-Huberman, com ênfase nas montagens brasileiras Atlas, Suíte (2013) e Levantes (2018), exibidas, respectivamente, no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo, para discutir como suas formas e procedimentos curatoriais contribuíram com a difusão do pensamento do teórico alemão.
Comparing Pharmacist-Led Telehealth Care and Clinic-Based Care for Uncontrolled High Blood Pressure: The Hyperlink 3 Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Margolis Karen L. , Bergdall Anna R. , Crain A. Lauren , JaKa Meghan M. , Anderson Jeffrey P. , Solberg Leif I. , Sperl-Hillen JoAnn , Beran MarySue , Green Beverly B. , Haugen Patricia , Norton Christine K. , Kodet Amy J. , Sharma Rashmi , Appana Deepika , Trower Nicole K. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Rehrauer Daniel J. , Simmons Maria L. , McKinney Zeke J. , Kottke Thomas E. , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Williams Rae Ann , O’Connor Patrick J.
Published: October 2022

Background:

A team approach is one of the most effective ways to lower blood pressure (BP) in uncontrolled hypertension, but different models for organizing team-based care have not been compared directly.

Methods:

A pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial compared 2 interventions in adult patients with moderately severe hypertension (BP≥150/95 mm Hg): (1) clinic-based care using best practices and face-to-face visits with physicians and medical assistants; and (2) telehealth care using best practices and adding home BP telemonitoring with home-based care coordinated by a clinical pharmacist or nurse practitioner. The primary outcome was change in systolic BP over 12 months. Secondary outcomes were change in patient-reported outcomes over 6 months.

Results:

Participants (N=3071 in 21 primary care clinics) were on average 60 years old, 47% male, and 19% Black. Protocol-specified follow-up within 6 weeks was 32% in clinic-based care and 27% in telehealth care. BP decreased significantly during 12 months of follow-up in both groups, from 157/92 to 139/82 mm Hg in clinic-based care patients (adjusted mean difference −18/−10 mm Hg) and 157/91 to 139/81 mm Hg in telehealth care patients (adjusted mean difference −19/−10 mm Hg), with no significant difference in systolic BP change between groups (−0.8 mm Hg [95% CI, −2.84 to 1.32]). Telehealth care patients were significantly more likely than clinic-based care patients to report frequent home BP measurement, rate their BP care highly, and report that BP care visits were convenient.

Conclusions:

Telehealth care that includes extended team care is an effective and safe alternative to clinic-based care for improving patient-centered care for hypertension.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02996565.
Song, W.L., Lin, D., Li, M., Du, Q. & Chen, S.L. (2022) Four new records of myxomycetes from China. Phytotaxa 567 (2): 181–188.
Authors: SONG WEN-LONG , LIN DI , LI MIN , DU QUE , CHEN SHUANG-LIN
Published: October 2022

N/A
Herbertia guyunusae, a new species of Iridaceae from the grassland ecosystem of Río de La Plata, South America
Authors: PAZ DEBLE LEONARDO
Published: October 2022

Based on field surveys, study of nomenclatural types and other specimens, and review of literature, it is proposed here the new species Herbertia guyunusae, endemic from humid stony grasslands in south-central Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This work provides a detailed morphological description of the new species, information on geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status, and a discussion of the main differences with the morphologically most similar species. Herbertia guyunusae differs from Herbertia crosae by its outer tepals porcelain dark-violet colored, with one-celled lipidic trichomes scattered near at the base of the blade, by its inner tepals oblong, and stamens with filaments longer and by its bigger anthers. From H. quareimana the new species can be distinguished by its delicate habit, by its narrowly linear leaves, shorter spathes, much smaller flowers, and narrower and oblong inner tepals. With the description of Herbertia guyunusae the genus now encompasses 12 species, 11 of which occurring in the grassland ecosystem of Río de La Plata, with nine endemics to this region. Illustrations, images, maps, and a key of the species of Herbertia are also supplied.
High Resting Heart Rate and High BMI Predicted Severe Coronary Atherosclerosis Burden in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris by SYNTAX Score
Authors: Zhang Beijian , Pei Chongzhe , Zhang Yi , Sun Yinggang , Meng Shu
Published: October 2022

We investigated the independent and combined association of resting heart rate (RHR expressed as beats/min, bpm) and body mass index (BMI) with SYNTAX score (SS) in patients with stable angina. We divided 312 patients into 4 groups according to RHR quartiles: Q1 (<65 bpm), Q2 (65-69 bpm), Q3 (70-79 bpm), and Q4 (≥80 bpm). The SS (12.0 ± 9.0, 16.0 ± 15.5, 18.0 ± 16.5, and 20.0 ± 27.5; P < .001) was significantly higher for those in Q4 than for those in Q1, Q2, and Q3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that each 10-bpm increment in RHR was significantly associated with SS (odds ratio [OR] 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-2.06). Patients with high RHR and high BMI had significantly greater odds ratio (OR) of high SS (4.03, 95% CI 2.00-8.14), compared to participants with low RHR and low BMI. Both RHR and BMI were independent predictors of coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by SS. RHR in combination with BMI and multivariate logistic regression analysis emphasized the importance of the correlation between RHR and SS in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Role of Heparan Sulfate in Vasculogenesis of Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Li A. , Sasaki J.I. , Inubushi T. , Abe G.L. , Nör J.E. , Yamashiro T. , Imazato S.
Published: October 2022

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate into vascular endothelial cells and display sprouting ability. During this process, DPSC responses to the extracellular microenvironment and cell–extracellular matrix interactions are critical in regulating their ultimate cell fate. Heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan, a major component of extracellular matrix, plays important roles in various biological cell activities by interacting with growth factors and relative receptors. However, the regulatory function of HS on vasculogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of HS in endothelial differentiation and vasculogenesis of DPSCs. Our results show that an HS antagonist suppressed the proliferation and sprouting ability of DPSCs undergoing endothelial differentiation. Furthermore, expression of proangiogenic markers significantly declined with increasing dosages of the HS antagonist; in contrast, expression of stemness marker increased. Silencing of exostosin 1 (EXT1), a crucial glycosyltransferase for HS biosynthesis, in DPSCs using a short hairpin RNA significantly altered their gene expression profile. In addition, EXT1-silenced DPSCs expressed lower levels of endothelial differentiation markers and displayed a reduced vascular formation capacity compared with control DPSCs transduced with scrambled sequences. The sprouting ability of EXT1-silenced DPSCs was rescued by the addition of exogenous HS in vitro. Next, we subcutaneously transplanted biodegradable scaffolds seeded with EXT1-silenced or control DPSCs into immunodeficient mice. Lumen-like structures positive for human CD31 and von Willebrand factor were formed by green fluorescent protein–transduced DPSCs. Numbers of blood-containing vessels were significantly lower in scaffolds loaded with EXT1-silenced DPSCs than specimens implanted with control DPSCs. Collectively, our findings unveil the crucial role of HS on endothelial differentiation and vasculogenesis of DPSCs, opening new perspectives for the application of HS to tissue engineering and dental pulp regeneration.
Effect of Short Chain Diol on Properties of Polycaprolactone Based Polyurethanes
Authors: Critchfield F. E. , Koleske J. V. , Magnus G. , Dodd J. L.
Published: October 2022

α,ω-Aliphatic glycol extenders ranging in methylene group content from 2 to 12 were reacted with a 2000 M̅n poly-∈-caprolactone diol and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate to prepare thermoplastic polyurethanes. The glycol extenders had the greatest effect on compression set, modulus and glass transition temperature, Tg. The best overall properties were obtained when 1,3-propanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol were used as extenders.
Synthesis of Elastomeric Block and Graft Polymers by Anionic Polymerization
Authors: Fetters Lewis J.
Published: October 2022

Under carefully controlled conditions, anionic polymerization systems may be initiated having, as a special feature, no spontaneous termination step. Using alkyllithium compounds, it is possible to make precisely tailored block polymers. For example, an elastomeric polymer can be synthesized by coupling the diblock of poly-4-vinylbiphenyl and polyisoprene with phosgene. Also in anionic systems, the linking of preformed chains onto a polymer backbone is one potential route to the preparation of elastomeric graft polymers.
Heterozygous MYH9 Mutations in 2 Children With Cochlear Nerve Canal Stenosis
Authors: Liang Wenqi , Wang Line , Zheng Wenrui , Han Shuguang , Peng Kevin A.
Published: October 2022

MYH9 is a gene that encodes for a subunit of the myosin heavy chain IIA protein. Mutations in MYH9 are associated with hematologic abnormalities, renal dysfunction, and hearing loss. Bony cochlear nerve canal stenosis (CNCS), which is diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) imaging, has been associated with congenital deafness, cochlear nerve aplasia/hypoplasia, and inner ear malformations. We report two cases of CNCS presenting with profound congenital hearing loss whom we diagnosed with mutations in MYH9 and discuss the genotype-phenotype association and implications for management.
Beyond the Egg and the Sperm?: How Science Has Revised a Romance through Reproductomics
Authors: Lamoreaux Janelle
Published: October 2022

Social scientists have shown that scientific characterizations of the egg and the sperm are shaped by gender stereotypes and cultural values. How have such characterizations been transformed by a recent embrace of -omics, when studies of reproduction increasingly go beyond genomics to incorporate proteomics, transcriptomics, exposomics, and other -omics perspectives? Scientists studying reproduction and analyzing eggs, sperm, and embryos are in some ways reimagining the roles, identities, and functions of gametes as fundamentally shaped by other molecular entities and environments. Such relational understandings of substances and processes, however, continue to operate through a teleology that often conscripts more nuanced -omics reflection into familiar genomic visions of sex and reproduction. While ideas of the gene as an alienable object may be unraveling, -omics efforts to go beyond the egg and the sperm are frequently constricted by an understanding of reproduction that remains tied to individualized bodies and by a genomically infused interpretation of the gamete as life itself.
Grieving Relatives' Perception of Their Needs and Adjustment in a Continuing Care Unit
Authors: Pottinger AM
Published: October 2022

Forty relatives of cancer patients who had been admitted to the Roxburghe House Continuing Care Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland, were studied in order to find out their needs — emotional, practical and the need for information or instruction — and how these needs were associated with their adjustment to the imminent loss of a loved one. A questionnaire on the services typically offered by terminal care staff was developed in order to assess the frequency and nature of support by hospice staff and the extent to which these services were meeting the needs of family members. Of the care services studied, those meeting the emotional needs of the relatives were the most sought after and the most utilized at the unit. In addition, the results indicated that although the unit staff seemed to be responding to those relatives who were distressed, staff support did not appear to alleviate the distress of family members. Nevertheless, those relatives who did not receive support but had desired it seemed highly anxious and distressed. The necessity of a routinely administered checklist on the needs of relatives of patients in a terminal care centre is indicated from this study.
Palliative Care in Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Tetsuo
Published: October 2022

In 1990, palliative care services in Japan entered a new era when the national government authorized medical insurance cover for hospice care. Within the last decade, gradual yet remarkable progress has taken place in the perception of the need for palliative care services in Japan. The first Japanese hospice opened in 1981, followed by three other hospices over a nine-year period. These have been well received both by the public and medical professionals, although many difficulties have been encountered in establishing them. It is hoped that further development will include an increase in the number of hospices, a growing awareness within general hospitals of a hospice-style approach to care and an expansion in home care services.
A case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia disease with pancreatic mass as the first symptom confirmed by elastography combined with EUS-FNA
Authors: Jia Xing-Fang , Chen Liang , Wang Nana , Liu Xiao , Yan Hui , Zhang Fan , Gong Jing , Liu Cheng-Xia , Shi Ning
Published: October 2022

Haematological diseases with pancreatic masses as the first symptom are clinically rare but should not be ignored. This case report describes a 60-year-old female patient with acute leukaemia that had a pancreatic mass as her first symptom. The patient was admitted and elastography combined with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) was used for diagnosis, treatment planning and determination of prognosis. The site selected for the EUS-FNA puncture was the caudal section of the pancreatic body and the posterior wall of the gastric body was used as the puncture point. The elastography view of the head of the pancreas was blue/green with predominant blue colour. A 19 G puncture needle with a slow-draw core and two stitches of micro-negative pressure were used. Cytology detected heterotypic cells, pancreatic puncture histopathology, the presence of pancreatic alveolar structures and heterotypic tumour cells in the interstitium. Immunohistochemistry of the pancreatic puncture tissue showed B-cell lymphoblast-derived tumours and bone marrow puncture indicated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia invading the pancreas and was treated with chemotherapy. After treatment, her condition was stable. Follow-up is ongoing and there have been no signs of tumour recurrence or metastasis.
The Hidden Script of Work-Related Burdens in Home Care – A Cross Over Mixed Analysis of Audio Diaries
Authors: Gebhard Doris , Wimmer Magdalena
Published: October 2022

The lived experiences of work-related burdens in the daily working routines of home care workers are insufficiently investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the types, frequencies, and distributions of work-related burdens and to explore their co-occurrence. Qualitative data was collected via audio diaries and analyzed applying a crossover mixed analysis using content as well as network analysis. In all, 23 home care workers (mean age = 46.70 ± 10.40; 91.30% female) produced 242 diary entries. Participants reported work-related burdens 580 times with 77 different types, predominately in relation to work organization (50.5%). Network analysis reveals a complex picture, which shows the strong relation between time pressure and travel between homes, and identifies additional tasks as the central node in the network of burdens. A holistic understanding of setting-specific burdens provides an important starting point for measures of workplace health promotion.
Circadian Rhythms in Fear Extinction Recall Depend on the Time of Day of Extinction Recall, Not the Time of Day of Extinction Learning
Authors: Hartsock Matthew J. , Brennan Nicholas A. , Spencer Robert L.
Published: October 2022

The recall of conditioned fear extinction exhibits a circadian rhythm in humans and rodents, with optimal extinction recall occurring during the early active phase. However, it remains unclear whether this rhythm depends on the circadian modulation of mechanisms supporting memory consolidation versus memory maintenance and retrieval. Here, adult male rats underwent conditioned fear extinction at one of four times throughout the day and then, starting 24 h after extinction, were repeatedly tested for extinction recall over the next 24 h. Rats undergoing extinction learning during the early active phase tended toward accelerated extinction learning compared with rats in other groups, pointing to rhythms in mechanisms that support extinction memory encoding. The next day, the strength of extinction recall followed a 24-h cycle that depended not on the time of day of extinction learning but, instead, on the time of day of extinction recall. This latter finding indicates a rhythm in mechanisms supporting extinction memory maintenance and/or retrieval. Subsequent testing for fear relapse in the conditioning context suggested reduced fear in rats tested during the early active phase. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic investigations of circadian rhythms in fear extinction memory.
Squaring the circle: From latent variables to theory-based measurement
Authors: Borgstede Matthias , Eggert Frank
Published: October 2022

Psychometrics builds on the fundamental premise that psychological attributes are unobservable and need to be inferred from observable behavior. Consequently, psychometric procedures consist primarily in applying latent variable modeling, which statistically relates latent variables to manifest variables. However, latent variable modeling falls short of providing a theoretically sound definition of psychological attributes. Whereas in a pragmatic interpretation of latent variable modeling latent variables cannot represent psychological attributes at all, a realist interpretation of latent variable modeling implies that latent variables are empty placeholders for unknown attributes. The authors argue that psychological attributes can only be identified if they are defined within the context of substantive formal theory. Building on the structuralist view of scientific theories, they show that any successful application of such a theory necessarily produces specific values for the theoretical terms that are defined within the theory. Therefore, substantive formal theory is both necessary and sufficient for psychological measurement.
Addressing the Needs of Nonmainstream Dialect Speakers With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Gatlin-Nash Brandy , Chow Jason C. , Evans Imani
Published: October 2022

Children who speak with nonmainstream American English (NMAE) dialects represent a growing population in the U.S. public school system. This article provides recommendations for how teacher educators can support novice teachers in addressing the needs of NMAE speakers with or at risk for learning disabilities. This article focuses on four core recommendations that teacher educators and other practitioners can learn from and apply in teacher preparation coursework to support the learning outcomes and needs of NMAE dialect speakers. These are (a) basic instruction on and descriptions of language variation in reading methods courses, (b) addressing language variation within the core areas of language development, (c) guidance for novice teachers to critically examine reading and literacy theories to plan instruction, and (d) collaboration across disciplines to encourage interdisciplinary partnerships with other school personnel.
Two-Dimensional Models of Cultural Differences: Statistical and Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Fog Agner
Published: October 2022

This study finds a common statistical pattern in all major quantitative studies of cultural differences, and discusses theories that explain this pattern.

92 cultural variables from 33 published cross-cultural studies including 125 countries are analyzed with an advanced factor analysis method. The study confirms previous findings that two factors can account for a large part of the variation in all major published cultural variables.

While many previously published cultural variables represent arbitrarily rotated factor analysis results, the present study is improving the explanatory power by un-rotating the factors and by incorporating new theories that link cultural values to conditions in the physical and social environment.

The first factor, accounting for 34% of the total variance, reflects general effects of development and welfare. This factor is explained by theories of development, modernization, emancipation, and secularization. This includes psychological effects of collective security that are explained by evolutionary psychology. The dimension formed by the first factor has one end in poor and war-torn countries, and the opposite end in North European welfare states.

The second factor, accounting for 15% of the total variance, reflects relational mobility, long-term versus short-term orientation, differences in self-construal, and various other effects. Theoretical explanations of these effects are based on differences in subsistence economy, colonial history, ethnic diversity, and religion. The second factor has one end in East Asian countries, and the opposite end in Latin American countries. Analysis of business culture reveals the same two-factor pattern as national culture.
Prognostic Role of DNA Damage Response Genes Mutations and their Association With the Sensitivity of Olaparib in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Dong , Xu Xinchi , Wei Yuang , Chen Xinglin , Li Guangyao , Lu Zhongwen , Zhang Xu , Ren Xiaohan , Wang Shangqian , Qin Chao
Published: October 2022

Objective

Evidence shows that gene mutation is a significant proportion of genetic factors associated with prostate cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a signal cascade network that aims to maintain genomic integrity in cells. This comprehensive study was performed to determine the link between different DNA damage response gene mutations and prostate cancer.

Materials and methods

A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Papers published up to February 1, 2022 were retrieved. The DDR gene mutations associated with prostate cancer were identified by referring to relevant research and review articles. Data of prostate cancer patients from multiple PCa cohorts were obtained from cBioPortal. The OR or HR and 95% CIs were calculated using both fixed-effects models (FEMs) and random-effects models (REMs).

Results

Seventy-four studies were included in this research, and the frequency of 13 DDR genes was examined. Through the analysis of 33 articles that focused on the risk estimates of DDR genes between normal people and PCa patients, DDR genes were found to be more common in prostate cancer patients (OR = 3.6293 95% CI [2.4992; 5.2705]). Also, patients in the mutated group had a worse OS and DFS outcome than those in the unmutated group ( P < .05). Of the 13 DDR genes, the frequency of 9 DDR genes in prostate cancer was less than 1%, and despite differences in race, BRCA2 was the potential gene with the highest frequency (REM Frequency = .0400, 95% CI .0324 - .0541). The findings suggest that mutations in genes such as ATR, BLM, and MLH1 in PCa patients may increase the sensitivity of Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that mutation in any DDR pathway results in a poor prognosis for PCa patients. Furthermore, mutations in ATR, BLM, and MLH1 or the expression of POLR2L, PMS1, FANCE, and other genes significantly influence Olaparib sensitivity, which may be underlying therapeutic targets in the future.
Ethics of evaluation for socio-ecological transformation: Case-based critical systems analysis of motivation, power, expertise, and legitimacy
Authors: Gates Emily F. , Page Glenn , Crespo Juan Manuel , Oporto Mauricio Nuñez , Bohórquez Juliana
Published: October 2022

Evaluation that supports social, ecological, and governance systems change and transformation raises ethical questions about what and whose worldviews do and should ground evaluative processes. This article illustrates one approach to ethical analysis within a case study of the first phase of an initiative to co-create a monitoring, evaluation, and learning system. The case drew on the principles of Blue Marble Evaluation in partnership with local staff and Indigenous leaders of the Amazon Sacred Headwaters Initiative. The approach uses critical and relational systems thinking to examine the sources of motivation, power, knowledge, and legitimacy that influence and should influence an evaluation system. Results reframe typical early phase evaluation process work from a contractual agreement to a co-created ethical space that engenders the legitimacy of the evaluation process. Contributions include a conceptual framework and process for ethical analysis that could be adapted by others.
Prioritizing Pro-Blackness in literacy research, scholarship, and teaching
Authors: Boutte Gloria Swindler , Compton-Lilly Catherine
Published: October 2022

Against the backdrop of endemic anti-Black racism in Early Childhood literacy, we frame these special issues using Pro-Blackness as an antidote in early childhood classrooms. Pro-Black does note connote anti-White or anti any other ethnic group and declares an unapologetic, positive perspective regarding Blackness and Black people which is not evident in most educational settings. Pro-Blackness focuses on the agency, resistance, everyday lives, and joy of Black people. We unpack anti-Blackness in Early Childhood literacy contexts and offer Pro-Black strategies. We note the pervasive omission of Black theorists and scholarship in teacher education and P-3 classrooms and call for a prioritization of Pro-Black theories, research, policies, literacy practices and assessments.
Long Head of Triceps Tendon Transfer for Agenesis of Biceps and Brachialis: Two Cases
Authors: Türker Tolga , Richard Brian , Benson Valerie
Published: October 2022

Congenital lack of elbow flexion results in significant disability and may be seen in conjunction with syndromes, plexopathies, neuromuscular disorders, or as an isolated muscular agenesis of elbow flexors. There are many tendon transfer options to address this issue, but there is a lack of data on the functional results in the pediatric population. In this series, we present 1 patient with isolated muscular agenesis of the biceps and brachialis musculotendinous units and another with this same muscular agenesis in the setting of arthrogryposis. They were treated with anterior ulnar nerve transposition and transfer of the long head of triceps tendon around 2 years of age resulting in functional elbow flexion in both patients.
Hygrothermal Analysis of Building Structures Using Computer Models
Authors: Geving Stig
Published: October 2022

Knowledge of the long-term performance of building envelopes subjected to simultaneous heat and moisture transport is critical during the design stage. A number of simulation models that can be used to analyse the combined heat and moisture behaviour of building structures have recently been developed. This, however, is not a straightforward task. A general approach to hygrothermal analysis is presented in this paper. The method is applied for a case of a wood frame wall design, evaluating the risk for mould growth within the construction.
Lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma not associated with Epstein–Barr virus or hepatitis virus: case report and literature review of 100 reported cases
Authors: Adachi Yuki , Yokoo Hideki , Hagiwara Masahiro , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Iwata Hiroyoshi , Takeda Tomohiro , Yamamoto Tomohiro , Imai Koji , Yuzawa Sayaka , Tanino Mishie , Matsuno Naoto
Published: October 2022

Lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LEL-CC) is a type of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and a rare variant of primary liver tumor. Although it is uncommon and only 100 cases have been reported thus far, the number of reports has increased in recent years. LEL-CC reportedly occurs more frequently in Asian women; Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and hepatitis viruses are both strongly associated with tumor development. Here, we describe a 76-year-old woman who exhibited LEL-CC not associated with EBV or hepatitis virus. She was referred to our department with a 3.0-cm × 2.8-cm tumor in the left lobe of the liver. Based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, the tumor was preoperatively diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, we performed extended left hepatectomy with caudal lobectomy. Histopathological examinations revealed columnar tumor cells with atypical nuclei that proliferated in a cord-like or glandular tubular pattern with dense lymphocytic infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed negative HepPar-1 and arginase findings, indicating non-hepatocyte origin; however, the biliary-type cytokeratins CK7 and CK19 were detected. Based on these findings, the tumor was identified as LEL-CC. EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization findings were negative; the patient’s clinical characteristics were not suggestive of hepatitis virus infection. In conclusion, we suggest that clinicians consider LEL-CC as a differential diagnosis for liver tumors in Asian women, including patients without EBV or hepatitis virus.