bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migración de Retorno Colombia y Otros Contextos Internacionales
Authors: Raigosa Mejía Marisol
Published: November 2020

El libro Migración de Retorno Colombia y otros contextos internacionales es el resultado de las discusiones que tuvieron lugar en el año 2016 en el marco de varios eventos académicos consecutivos, organizados por el Grupo de Estudios sobre Migraciones Internacionales y Vulnerabilidad (Gemiv) de la Facultad de Sociología de la Universidad Santo Tomás (Colombia). Dichos eventos fueron: el Coloquio sobre el Retorno de los Colombianos en el Extranjero (13 de abril de 2016) y el Seminario Internacional sobre Migración de Retorno (28-29 de septiembre de 2016).
Ambos eventos constituyeron un espacio para discutir ideas sobre la migración de retorno a través de la experiencia y experticia de investigadores provenientes de diferentes universidades y latitudes en el mundo. Lo anterior, partiendo de reconocer la necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento teórico y empírico sobre la migración de retorno a nivel interno e internacional, ya que, pese a que la migración internacional es un campo de estudio significativo y robusto en las ciencias sociales, hay una deuda en la literatura especializada sobre el retorno, fenómeno que ha venido cobrando mayor relevancia como consecuencia de las crisis económicas y las políticas antiinmigratorias y de securitización implementadas en los países que han sido tradicionalmente receptores de migrantes; hechos pues, que han motivado y forzado a muchas personas a regresar a sus países de origen.
Killer’s Fashion: Transforming the Potential of Nias Saber’s Amulets into Indonesian Fashion Accessories
Authors: Langi Kezia Clarissa , Sabana Setiawan , Ahmad Hafiz Aziz , Widiawati Dian
Published: November 2020

The research was conducted to discover the potential of Nias saber’s amulets into fashion accessories and to introduce the tradition of Nias saber’s amulets into society. Nias war costume had its unique way of distinguishing each other and gaining a spiritual strength, which was to accessorize its war costume with small amulets. This tradition was a new inspiration for developing a fashion look with local identity. Exploring Indonesian culture in the form of fashion accessories was done in order to extract Indonesian potential in the fashion industry. Styling small ‘amulets’ into clothing could elevate one’s look while gaining a local meaning. The research applied a qualitative method with data collected through interviews, literature studies, and field research. The outcome of the research shows that Nias war costume’s amulet can be an inspiration for today’s fashion accessories that serve traditional meaning to the wearer.
APPLICATION OF THE CARTOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATING DIFFERENCES IN THE APPLIED CLIMATE INDICES SAT AND SET
Authors:   Institute of Geography RAS, Popova E.N. , Yasjukevich V.V. ,   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Popov I.O. ,   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology
Published: November 2020

For the territory of Russia and neighboring countries, the maps with isolines limiting geographical areas where the climate indices the sum of active temperatures (SAT) and the sum of effective temperatures (SET) exceed or do not reach the indicated values from 500°С to 3500°С in increments of 500° С at a low threshold of 10°С were constructed for the period 1981-2010. Using these maps, the differences in the areas of the territories bounded by the same isolines of SAT and SET were found. The importance of the correct use of the SAT and SET indices for determining the boundaries of the ranges of various poikilothermic organisms, including many dangerous introduced and invasive species, have been shown, the need for a clear understanding of their differences to build predictive models have been substantiated.
PRIMARY INFORMATION ABOUT LICHENS OF THE “LEKSHMOKH” STATE NATURE RESERVE
Authors:   Institute of Geography RAS, Pchelkin A.V
Published: November 2020

The state nature complex (landscape) nature reserve of regional importance “Lekshmokh” (Arkhangelsk region) was created on June 14, 2019. It adjoins the borders of the Kenozersky National Park. Its area is 25248.7 ha. The watershed territory of the reserve is extremely important for the ecological balance of the ecosystems of the Kenozersky National Park and the drainage basins of the Onega, Kena, Lacha, Lekshmozero and Kenozero lakes. During the course of their development, the marshes of the reserve and the forest-bog complexes located inside them and framing them formed a bog system unique to the Kargopol region in terms of floristic diversity. Until now, the lichenobiota of the Lekshmoh reserve has remained virtually unexplored. The purpose of this study is to study the lichens of the Lekshmokh reserve as important components of biota. During the primary survey of the State Nature Complex Lekshmokh reserve, 96 species of lichens were noted. For each species, abundance is given on a 5-point scale. Among the lichens of the reserve, two species from the Red Book of the Arkhangelsk Region are noted: Bryoria fremontii and Lobaria pulmonaria. A large number of types of indicators of air purity are growing in the reserve: Usnea, Bryoria, Evernia, etc. This indicates the ecological value of the reserve, located away from industrial centers. Based on the reserve, a background environmental monitoring system studies are possible.
STRUCTURE OF SERRIED LARCH CANOPY IN THE NORTHEAST OF EURASIA
Authors:   Mytischi Branch of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Gryuntal E.Y.
Published: November 2020

The structure of larch canopy on the microcommunity level is described in terms of direct contact of its elements. In case of adjacent growth genetic range of species should be maximally implemented by morphological features (linear dimensions, crown architectonics etc.) and environmental properties, particularly light conditions, which is confirmed by our results. The analysis was performed in compact biogroups of 10 trees taken as models in close-canopy larch stands of Khabarovsk and Magadan region. In general, the ratio of height and crown indexes is represented by four options: (a) leader in height with a short crown, (b) the same with an extended crown; c) stunted with a short crown, d) the same with a long crown. Light-demanding individuals can not have too long crown; either, if circumstances and genetic potential allow, they occupy a leading position (a) or become candidates for decease (с). More shade-tolerant trees with a relatively long crown look quite vital both when forestall neighbors in growth (b) and lagging from these (d). In some biogroups trees with heights less than average in the mean proved to be elder than dominants; i.e. the differentiation of trees in the process of coenogenesis into predominating, indifferent and depressed, the latter being almost doomed to extinction, does not look evident and unconditional. Individual ecological differences can have some economic value as a basis for selection, if we confirm the version that more light-demanding plants not only can achieve greater heights, but will do it quicker, i.e. will give a more precocious wood.
ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION WITH COPPER IN BACKGROUND AREAS OF THE EUROPE
Authors:   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Burtseva*, L.V. , Konkova E.S. ,   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology
Published: November 2020

The state of copper pollution of atmospheric air and precipitation in the background regions of the Europe was considered according to data obtained in 2015 and in 2016 at 50 observation stations operating according to the programs: “A joint program of observations and assessment of the long-range transport of air pollutants in Europe” (EMEP), and “Comprehensive Background Monitoring ”(CPM) in the European territory of Russia. The main sources are identified and the volumes of global anthropogenic copper emission into the atmosphere are given. It was shown that in most of the background areas of the Europe a low copper content in atmospheric air and precipitation is observed, varying within the limits of monthly mean concentrations of 0.02-6.6 ng/m3 in air and 0.5-4.2 µg/dm3 in precipitation. Stable patterns of seasonal changes in copper concentrations in the air and precipitation have not been identified. Copper enrichment factors for atmospheric aerosols relative to Clark's element in the Earth's crust showed extremely weak influence of anthropogenic copper on the state of atmospheric pollution in background areas. The field of spatial distribution of copper concentrations in atmospheric air is characterized by a tendency of growth from the Scandinavian countries towards the continental and further eastward. In atmospheric precipitation a mosaic pattern is observed
POTENTIAL POSSIBILITIES OF PERMISSION OF THE ITALIAN LOCUST IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE XXI CENTURY IN CONNECTION WITH OBSERVED AND EXPECTED CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors:   Institute of Geography RAS, Popova E.N. , Popov I.O. ,   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology
Published: November 2020

Estimates of the possibility of invasion of the dangerous herd pest the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus L.) into various constituent entities of the Russian Federation are carried out. For that the calculations of the climatic predictor values and further modeling of the Italian locust climatic range were made for the periods 1951-1970 and 1991-2010, using the real climatic data, and for the periods of the middle and end of the XXI century (2035-2054 and 2080-2099) relative to the period 1981-2000. The future climate data were calculated on the base of the average model climate for 31 CMIP5 models with the development of a “moderate” scenario of anthropogenic impact on the Earth’s climate system RCP4.5. According to the data obtained, the climatic range of the Italian locust will expand significantly into the more northern and northeastern regions of our country, and individual foci can appear in the eastern, including Far Eastern, regions by the middle and the end of the XXI century. The expansion of the real range of Calliptamus italicus L., observed at the beginning of the XXI century, associated with the already occurred change in climatic conditions, is consistent with model calculations, and many regions of Russia that are part of the potential climatic model range of this locust pest have already become favorable for its location. Therefore it is necessary to monitor constantly the status of pest populations in areas adjacent to the northern and eastern borders of its range.
FEATURES OF THE FORECAST OF THE DYNAMICS OF SPRING FLOW ON THE COASTAL ZONE OF IVANKOVO RESERVOIR
Authors:   Water Problems Institute RAS, Lapina E.E. , Lapina L.E. ,   Water Problems Institute RAS
Published: November 2020

Ivankovo reservoir is the main source of drinking water supply in Moscow. Its coastal zone, where different types of springs are unloaded, is a barrier (or source) for the entry of pollutants into the reservoir. The aim of this research is to forecast increments in descending springs water flow and to evaluate trends of hydrochemical indicators (calcium, magnesium ions, hydrocarbonates and chlorine) of springs water quality over 13 years. The basis of the work are materials of regime observations on reference spring located on the Volga II floodplain terrace, for the period 2006-2018. When processing hydrochemical data in order to compare the results, two approaches were used. One is separation of data array into two groups in chronological order (2006-2012 and 2013- 2018), the other – is arrangement according to water content of the year, where the first group is the years of low and medium water content, the second is high. It is proposed to describe the relationship between amount of precipitation and increment of flow rate by an ordinary differential equation, which will allow to predict the flow rate of the downstream springs of the region using amount of precipitation in increments by the next six months. The obtained result was verified on groundwater level regime data for the well 3020, drilled on the II floodplain terrace, for the period 2001-2003. The maximum correlation coefficient between the increment of the groundwater level and the amount of precipitation is observed at a similar step. When analyzing the equation, the value of the amount of precipitation was obtained, which separates the mode of increasing or decreasing the flow rate of the spring (groundwater level). For the spring, this figure is 296, for the well – 316 mm. A statistical analysis of long-term dynamics of the spring runoff hydrochemical components showed that a median value is a more sensitive characteristic to changes in external conditions than an arithmetic average for hydrocarbonates and calcium. An upward direction shift of the median value of bicarbonates and calcium ions concentration in spring waters was revealed when using a nonparametric criterion. The long-term average gradient was 1 mg dm-3 year-1 for bicarbonates, and 0.17 mg dm-3 year-1 for calcium. The approaches used to divide the data into groups for calcium and magnesium give different estimates of trends, for hydrocarbons they were the same, for chlorides they are contradictory. Statistical analysis of the data, separated in chronological order, showed that for calcium and magnesium there was a significant upward trend, while with the approach for water availability of year no trends were found.
Weak feature extraction for early wear of connecting rod bearings under transient conditions
Authors: Ren Gang , Jia Jide , Mei Jianmin
Published: November 2020

As we all know, it is difficult to extract weak feature for early wear of connecting rod bearings under transient conditions. In order to solve the problem, a method of extracting wear features for connecting rod bearings based on variational modal decomposition (VMD) adaptive noise reduction and computational order tracking (COT) was proposed. Firstly, the vibration signals of internal combustion engine block under transient operating conditions were collected, and the signals were reordered to satisfy the order tracking condition. Then, interpolation and fitting techniques were used to map the signal from the time domain space to the angular domain space. Next, the VMD was used to decompose the angular domain signal into multiple modal components, and the autocorrelation function (ACF) was used to denoise the modal components adaptively. Finally, the signal was reconstructed to conduct COT analysis, and the wear features of connecting rod bearing were extracted by average COT spectrum. The simulation analysis and the simulation experiment of the connecting rod bearing fault show that the proposed method is effective, and the weak features for early wear of connecting rod bearing of internal combustion engine are extracted.
Minimizing the cost of a curved corner trapezoidal canal section
Authors: Fattouh Ehab M. , Saad Neveen Y.
Published: November 2020

Designing a curved corner trapezoidal channel section with a minimal cost, which is the study's objective function, encompasses minimizing the channel lining and excavation costs. The discharge, as the prime constraint, and the permissible velocities, as subsidiary constraints, were considered to solve the problem. Mathematical optimization was used to obtain the optimum canal dimensions. The results were represented in chart form to facilitate easy design of the optimal channel dimensions with minimum cost. To demonstrate the practicability of the proposed method, a design example has been included. A comparison between the parameters and the cost of the proposed section with the conventional trapezoidal section revealed that the proposed section is more economic, and more suitable from a maintenance point of view. At last, sensitivity analysis was derived to show the effect of changing the canal dimensions on the cost.
An Overview of the Compounds Tested In Vivo for Leishmania spp. of the Last 5 Years
Authors: de Barros Dias Mabilly Cox Holanda , Freitas Luiz Alberto Barros , dos Santos Ignes Regina , de Almeida Vanessa Silva , do Amaral e Melo Roberta Taylane , de Melo Silva Vanessa Gouveia , de Fátima Maia de Santana Beatriz , da Conceição Juliana Maria , Lima Leite Ana Cristina
Published: November 2020

Background:

Leishmaniasis, a still important public health problem, exhibits environmental risk factors such as
massive migrations, urbanization, and deforestation. WHO research for Leishmaniasis has been mainly focused on the development
of new tools, such as diagnostic tests, drugs, and vaccines. During the drug development strategy, only a few
compounds seem promising and call for further study after the in vitro and in vivo preclinical tests.

Objective:

In this review, our group aimed to highlight the utmost research done during 2014 to 2019 in the fields of natural
and synthetic compounds, as well as repurposed drugs and new formulations tested in vivo for Leishmania spp.

Method:

Based on the literature search, we used the databases MEDLINE, PUBMED, CAPES PERIODIC and ELSEVIER
to delineate an interval of the last 5 years of research on each field.

Results:

Among the natural compounds tested, allicin and a fraction of potato tuber extract showed the most promising antileishmanial
activity. Concerning synthetic compounds, quinolines, bornyl ester, thymol, benzoxaborole and nitroimidazole
derivatives exhibited encouraging results. Moreover, repositioned alternatives involved combinations with known drugs and
monotherapy protocols as well. In these years, new formulations were widely assessed as drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles,
micelles and liposomes in polymer conjugations.

Conclusion:

Drug repurposing and new formulations of already-known drugs are worthwhile approaches to promptly introduce
new treatment schemes to Leishmaniasis. Nevertheless, the interest in new synthetic compounds and new formulations
brings light to new treatment proposals and are notable lines of research.
Novel Derivatives of Nicotinic Acid as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Jain Nisha , Utreja Divya , Kaur Komalpreet , Jain Palak
Published: November 2020

Background:

Cancer has become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite of
the availability of significant number of anticancer agents, cancer is still incurable especially at the
last stages. Remarkable targets for anticancer research and drug discovery are heterocyclic compounds,
and among them, superior effect has been shown by the nitrogen containing compounds than
non-nitrogen containing compounds. Nicotinic acid, a nitrogen containing moiety and its derivatives
have gained an immense importance in the development of anticancer drugs owing to the wide variety
of biological properties displayed by them.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to provide researchers the information about various synthetic
approaches used for the synthesis of anticancer drugs of nicotinic acid from 2001 onwards and
to reveal their application and importance in the treatment of this dreadful disease.

Conclusion:

As indicated by this review, considerable work has been done in terms of synthesis and
investigation of anticancer potential of nicotinamide derivatives. The information provided in this article
may be of great value for the researchers seeking to develop efficient anticancer drugs.
Paclitaxel Priming of TRAIL Expressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs- TRAIL) Increases Antitumor Efficacy of Their Secretome
Authors: Coccè Valentina , Bonomi Arianna , Cavicchini Loredana , Sisto Francesca , Giannì Aldo , Farronato Giampietro , Alessandri Giulio , Petrella Francesco , Sordi Valeria , Parati Eugenio , Bondiolotti Gianpietro , Paino Francesca , Pessina Augusto
Published: November 2020

Background:

Adipose tissue-derived MSCs engineered with the tumor necrosis factor-
related apoptosis-inducing ligand protein (MSCs-TRAIL) have significant anticancer activity.
MSCs, without any genetic modifications, exposed to high doses of chemotherapeutic agents are
able to uptake the drug and release it in an amount affecting tumor proliferation. The purpose of
this study was to verify the ability of MSCs-TRAIL to uptake and release paclitaxel (PTX) by providing
an increased antitumor efficacy.

Methods:

MSCs and MSCs-TRAIL were tested for their sensitivity to Paclitaxel (PTX) by MTT assay,
and the cells were loaded with PTX according to a standardized procedure. The secretome was
analysed by HPLC for the presence of PTX, microarray assay for soluble TRAIL (s-TRAIL) and
tested for in vitro anticancer activity.

Results:

MSCs-TRAIL were resistant to PTX and able to incorporate and then release the drug.
The secretion of s-TRAIL by PTX loaded MSCs-TRAIL was not inhibited, and the PTX delivery
together with s-TRAIL secretion resulted in increased antitumor efficacy of cell secretome as tested
in vitro on human pancreatic carcinoma (CFPAC-1) and glioblastoma (U87-MG).

Conclusions:

Our result is the first demonstration of the possible merging of two new MSCs therapy
approaches based on genetic manipulation and drug delivery. If confirmed in vivo, this could potentiate
the efficacy of MSCs-TRAIL and strongly contribute to reducing the toxicity due to the systemic
treatment of PTX.
Selective Antitumor Effect of Shikonin Derived DMAKO-20 on Melanoma through CYP1B1
Authors: Cui Junqi , Zhou Xiaobo , Huang Jia , Cui Jiahua , Chen Jun
Published: November 2020

Background:

CYP1B1 is considered as a valuable target for chemotherapy. It catalyzes the bioactivation of naphthoquinone oximes within certain cancer cell lines. However, the expression level of CYP1B1 in melanoma and the functional role regulating the activity of DMAKO-20 as a representative naphthoquinone oxime against skin carcinoma are still unknown.

Objective:

We sought to examine the expression level of CYP1B1 in melanoma and explore the molecular mechanism behind the anticancer effects of DMAKO-20 in melanoma.

Methods:

CYP1B1 expression levels in paraffin specimens taken from melanoma patients, and its expression levels in B16/F10 cancer cells were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. The molecular mechanisms behind DMAKO-20 activity against melanoma were investigated by using cytotoxicity, cell scratching, apoptotic, and immunoblotting assays.

Results:

CYP1B1, the P450 isoform, was expressed at high levels in melanoma tissues and cultured B16/F10 cells but was undetectable in normal tissues or fibroblasts. In cell proliferation assays, the shikonin oxime DMAKO-20 exhibited potent and selective antiproliferative effects against B16/F10 melanoma cells and inhibited migration. Several mechanisms for the anticancer effects of DMAKO-20 have been identified in B16/F10 melanoma cells, including apoptosis, upregulation of mitochondrial apoptotic Bax proteins, and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. The results from these mechanistic investigations indicated that DMAKO-20 underwent CYP1B1-mediated metabolic activation to activate anticancer metabolites within melanoma cells.

Conclusion:

DMAKO-20 exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells through CYP1B1-mediated activation. Using DMAKO-20 as a lead compound, further structural optimization may provide new drug entities for the treatments of malignant skin carcinomas.
Interplay of BDNF and GDNF in the Mature Spinal Somatosensory System and Its Potential Therapeutic Relevance
Authors: Ferrini Francesco , Salio Chiara , Boggio Elena M. , Merighi Adalberto
Published: November 2020

The growth factors BDNF and GDNF are gaining more and more attention as modulators
of synaptic transmission in the mature central nervous system (CNS). The two molecules undergo
a regulated secretion in neurons and may be anterogradely transported to terminals where
they can positively or negatively modulate fast synaptic transmission. There is today a wide consensus
on the role of BDNF as a pro-nociceptive modulator, as the neurotrophin has an important part
in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory, chronic, and/or neuropathic pain at the peripheral
and central level. At the spinal level, BDNF intervenes in the regulation of chloride equilibrium
potential, decreases the excitatory synaptic drive to inhibitory neurons, with complex changes in
GABAergic/glycinergic synaptic transmission, and increases excitatory transmission in the superficial
dorsal horn. Differently from BDNF, the role of GDNF still remains to be unraveled in full.
This review resumes the current literature on the interplay between BDNF and GDNF in the regulation
of nociceptive neurotransmission in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We will first
discuss the circuitries involved in such a regulation, as well as the reciprocal interactions between
the two factors in nociceptive pathways. The development of small molecules specifically targeting
BDNF, GDNF and/or downstream effectors is opening new perspectives for investigating these
neurotrophic factors as modulators of nociceptive transmission and chronic pain. Therefore, we
will finally consider the molecules of (potential) pharmacological relevance for tackling normal
and pathological pain.
Transmission Modes of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehraeen Esmaeil , Salehi Mohammad Amin , Behnezhad Farzane , Moghaddam Hamed Rezakhani , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad
Published: November 2020

Background:

The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable viral infection that initiated in
Wuhan, China and has spread around the world. The high prevalence and spread ways of COVID-19 have become an international challenge that requires careful consideration. We aimed to review the current evidence of COVID-19 transmission
modes.

Methods:

This study was a systematic review that was done to identify current evidence on transmission modes of COVID19. We searched selected keywords in six important databases to discover related sources on the main objective of the study.
To identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria, the authors screened the titles and abstracts of retrieved documents. The
appropriate articles were selected and their results were discussed to make the final inclusion.

Results:

We identified five potential transmission modes of COVID-19 including airborne, droplet, contact with contaminated surfaces, oral and fecal secretions. Furthermore, some studies have pointed out other modes of virus transmission,
such as person to person, and direct contact with animals.

Conclusion:

Droplet and contact with contaminated surfaces were the most frequent transmission modes of COVID-19. Fecal excretion, environmental contamination, and fluid pollution might contribute to a viral transmission. The possibility of
fecal transmission of COVID-19 has implications, especially in areas with poor sanitation and the environmental pollution
can be caused by patients with SARS-CoV-2 through respiratory droplets and feces, subsequently, the human environment
will change to a potential medium of virus transmission.
MODIFICATION OF THE BASIC CLASSICAL CONCEPT-TERMINOLOGICAL APPARATUS: SPECIAL PRINCIPLES IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
Authors:   M.L. Khabachirov Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Khabachirov M.L.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the modern concepts of industry principles of international security; explores the principles of international security law in the light of the expansion of the subject of regulation. An opinion is proposed on the emerging new industry  International Emergency Law (IEL) and the corresponding modification of industry principles related to the regulation of international relations related to the identification, suppression and elimination of global problems (threats, challenges and risks).
ON THE ISSUE OF EXEMPTING A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION FROM RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGING A PATIENT'S HEALTH
Authors:   I.M. Vilgonenko Institute of service, tourism and design (branch) of Federal state Autonomous educational institution of higher professional education, North-Caucasus Federal University in Pyatigorsk, Vilgonenko I.M. , Stankevich G.V. ,   G.V. Stankevich Pyatigorsk State University
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the urgent issue of the grounds for exempting a medical organization from liability for harming the patient’s health. The authors point out the imperfection of the legislation in the sphere of norms governing the grounds for both full and partial exemption from civil liability, due to the lack of concretization and legal determination of the necessary categories. The absence in the legislation of a clear definition of such categories as “medical error”, “medical accident”, and “justified medical risk” contributes to contradictions in the assessment of the actions of medical workers and the conclusions of the court. The authors propose making changes that will help improve the legislation on this issue
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF CRIMINALIZATION OF ACTS, RELATED TO NON-EXECUTION OF COURT ORDERS
Authors:   A.V. Kachmazova Gorsky state agrarian University, Kachmazova A.V.
Published: November 2020

A comparative analysis of foreign criminal legislation in this area contributes to a full understanding of the social and legal nature of crimes that infringe on the mandatory execution of court decisions. A comparative study of these provisions makes it possible not only to objectively assess the existing legal regulation of criminal liability for failure to comply with a court order, but also to develop ways to optimize it. The article presents the results of a comparative legal study of the criminal legislation of foreign States on liability for non-execution of a court order. It is concluded that criminal legal counteraction to non-execution of a court order is carried out in the prevailing majority of foreign countries. At the same time, a number of States have criminalized a wider range of acts in the field of enforcement of court orders. The author focuses on the features of legal regulation in this area, which can be productively used in modern Russian criminal legislation
PROBLEMS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROSECUTORIAL SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF LAND USE
Authors:   V.T. Azizova Dagestan State University, Azizova V.T. , Abdullatipova A.A. ,   A.A. Abdullatipova Dagestan State University
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the issues discussed in this article is due to the importance of ensuring the preservation of land, the legality of its use and the protection of land in various ways. The Public Prosecutor 's Office has a significant role to play in this process, which has the right to detect violations of the law in this area, to contribute to their prevention, as well as to bring the perpetrators to various types of responsibility. The purpose of the article is to consider the activities of the Public Prosecutor 's Office in this area, to identify difficulties in this activity and to develop proposals to overcome the identified problems. In conclusion, the following conclusions are made: 1) in addition to prosecutors, the rule of law process in the field of land use should involve all bodies whose activities are related to this area to some extent; 2) the relevant activities of the Public Prosecutor 's Office in the field of land use are to verify the legality of legal documents in this sphere, the activities of supervisory bodies with powers in the field of land use, compliance with the legislation by all parties to land legal relations; 3) the most common types of offences identified by prosecutors in this sphere are the absence of documents for land plots, self-capture of land plots, violation of procedure and legality of allocation of land plots
CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRICTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Authors:   E.T. Ramazanova Dagestan State University, Ramazanova E.T. , Hasanov H.A. ,   H.A. Hasanov Dagestan State University
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the constitutional concept of "restriction of human and civil rights and freedoms". The main idea in it is that restrictions on human and civil rights and freedoms should be established in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, international standards, and the principles of justice, equality, and proportionality. In addition, an attempt is made to distinguish between the concepts of "restriction of rights" and "diminution of rights", and the purpose of restricting human and civil rights and freedoms, enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is examined. Restrictions on rights and freedoms are considered in terms of General and special legal regimes – States of emergency and martial law. Taking into account the specifics of the region, appropriate attention is paid to the restriction of rights and freedoms under the counterterrorism operation regime. The entire research is based on the analysis of Russian legislation, international legal documents and their practical application.
THE ROLE OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES IN THE SYSTEM OF MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE CURRENCY LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Z.T. Abusufyanova Dagestan State University, Abusufyanova Z.T.
Published: November 2020

Problems of illegal export of funds abroad are relevant for Russia. Offenses related to the non-return of exported foreign currency earnings to the country, transfers of foreign currency abroad under fictitious contracts for the supply of goods, smuggling of cash currency and other forms of illegal export of funds pose a real threat to the country's economic security. The article considers the main areas of currency control carried out by customs authorities, analyzes the activities of customs authorities in the implementation of currency control for the period from 2014 to 2018. When writing the work, the following research methods were used: expert assessments, analysis, synthesis, system analysis, statistical analysis, formal legal, comparative legal methods. Based on the analysis of statistical data of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation, the opinions of scientists and experts in the field of customs, conclusions are drawn about the most common violations of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation identified by customs authorities.
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF MULTIPARTY SYSTEMS IN THE REPUBLICS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD
Authors:   M.M. Aibatov Dagestan State University, Aibatov M.M.
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the features of the formation of regional party systems in the republics of the North Caucasus since the advent of the multi-party system in modern Russia. It is noted that in the republican parliaments the influence of the institution of parties with the transition to the mandatory mixed system becomes stronger during the elections to regional legislative assemblies, which previously for the most part developed on a non-partisan basis. In the North Caucasus region, the process of party institutionalization took place rather quickly in the municipality, where the proportional system is very widespread. Inter-party agreements, or the dependence of the parties on the authorities, led to the establishment of compromise relations between the parties. In conclusion, it is concluded that the creation of the foundations of a multi-party system in the North Caucasus region is associated more with the diverse interests of elite clans and the flexible tactics of the ruling elite than with a clash of ideologies or social activity.
MODERN PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MILITARY CONFLICT ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   V.V. Goncharov Kuban state agrarian university named after I.T. Trubilin, Goncharov V.V. , Berzeova N.N. ,   N.N. Berzeova Krasnodar branch of the Institute of globalization problems, Kuban state agrarian university named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the problems of human rights in the context of armed conflict and the actions of the anti-terrorist operation in the South-East of Ukraine. The analyzes the fundamental documents of international law and the law of Ukraine in the field of basic human rights and freedoms and identifies violations of regulations in the field of ensuring the security of citizens, the use of the army and prohibited weapons against civilians and civilian infrastructure. Based on the research carried out in the article, the author identifies and justifies the following ways to resolve the conflict: the introduction of troops of peacekeepers in the zone of military conflict; resolving issues of actual compensation for victims and relatives of victims; the implementation of international justice against those responsible for unleashing the conflict and war crimes against citizens.
Factores que desnivelan el terreno de juego social rural en perjuicio del campesinado colombiano
Authors: Rojas-Rojas Sonia Esmeralda
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se propone analizar cuáles son los puntos desnivelados en el terreno de juego social rural del campesinado colombiano. Con este objetivo, se identifican, estudian, analizan y relacionan las variables que influyen en el desequilibrio del terreno de juego social de la ruralidad colombiana, para evaluar las consecuencias de tal desequilibrio para los campesinos e identificar, desde las dimensiones del desarrollo sostenible, la manera de nivelar dicho terreno. Se determina la existencia de tres factores (y variables) que generan desequilibrios: el factor identitario, el factor productivo, y la dignidad. Dichos factores y su interrelación desnivelan el terreno de juego social rural, lo que repercute de manera negativa en las oportunidades de los campesinos y su calidad de vida. A su vez, se proponen un enfoque para disminuir esta desigualdad.
La línea estratégica de la insurgencia
Authors: Segura-Manonegra Jorge Alberto Eduardo
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación busca determinar la línea estratégica de la insurgencia con una metodología más completa que la convencional, que solo mide cuantitativamente indicadores tácticos, ya que esta genera dudas cuando se aprecian otros objetivos alcanzados o dejados de alcanzar por la insurgencia. Se utilizó como caso de estudio la estrategia de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia entre 2000 y 2014. Tras identificar cuatro indicadores estratégicos, se logró determinar su línea estratégica y cuantificar su debilitamiento en un 61 % hacia el final del periodo, como producto tanto de sus errores como de la Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional. Estos resultados pueden facilitar el análisis y la definición de la estrategia de seguridad nacional ante un conflicto insurgente, tanto para el caso colombiano como para otros similares en el mundo.
Relación entre los estilos de vida motilón-barí y militar durante la Operación San Roque
Authors: Trujillo-Hassan Daniela , Arenas-Betancur Laura , Yepes-Lugo Cristian Armando
Published: November 2020

La operación San Roque, desarrollada por el Ejército Nacional de Colombia dentro de la comunidad motilón-barí en respuesta a las contingencias provocadas por la pandemia de COVID-19, fue una labor humanitaria que permitió la entrega de bienes y servicios dentro del disputado territorio del Catatumbo. Esta labor constituyó un espacio en el que interactuaron dos grupos sociales que tienen estilos de vida diversos. El presente artículo analiza los estilos de vida en relación con las donaciones enunciadas, para lo cual se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis de PCA y K-medias. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron conocer cómo los gustos, las necesidades y las opiniones de ambos grupos describen las limitaciones y los aportes que pueden tener las operaciones humanitarias del Ejército Nacional dentro de esta comunidad.
El derecho internacional humanitario y su significado para las operaciones militares presentes y futuras
Authors: Ardila-Castro Carlos Alberto , Ramírez-Benítez Erika , Cubides-Cárdenas Jaime
Published: November 2020

Este artículo investiga la relación del derecho internacional humanitario con el desarrollo de operaciones militares, para analizar cuál es el estado actual de esa relación como también proyectar los escenarios futuros en los que esas operaciones se desarrollarán y sus nuevos retos. Para ello, el artículo asume una metodología cualitativa y se desarrolla en tres secciones: 1) se define qué es una operación militar; 2) se define el derecho internacional humanitario y su función en el marco de las operaciones militares, y 3) finalmente, en prospectiva, se plantean futuros escenarios de las operaciones militares y la relación de estos con el derecho internacional humanitario en cuatro dimensiones: terrestre, marítima, aérea y cibernética. Esta prospectiva se enfoca en el caso colombiano, con énfasis en el estudio del Ejército Nacional.
O Sistema de Planos de Trabalho e Relatórios no Bureau de Assistência aos Velhos e Seus Dependentes, dos Estados Unidos
Authors: Melgaço Filgueiras Dulcy
Published: November 2020

Plano de Trabalho, no presente caso, é a descrição das tarefas a seremnormalmente executadas pelo órgão, ou seja do trabalho que lhe cabo desenvolver.Desempenha sempre um papel importante e vital na direção, integração,economia e eficiência das atividades duma emprêsa. Constitui, juntamentecom os Relatórios, os meios formais utilizados para a consecução dumaorganização racional.
Abastecimento d’água para pequenas comunidades
Authors: R.Ribeiro Sanches Walter
Published: November 2020

Não se pode afirmar que o Governo da União continue se descuidando doproblema do abastecimento de água potável às cidades do interior brasileiro.Os planos e leis elaborados, as dotações orçamentárias anuais e a dedicaçãodos homens de governo atestam o interêsse por êsse problema de tamanhamagnitude.
O Problema da Expansão das Areas Locais
Authors: Delorenzo Neto Antônio
Published: November 2020

O Município é preliminarmente uma realidade geográfica, e também, reconhecidamente,uma realidade jurídica. O sentido geográfico e jurídico dêsseelemento constitutivo do Estado, em análise mais profunda, deve ser completadopela compreensão de sua realidade social. Insular-se o Município apenasdentro do quadro estritamente geográfico-jurídico, será como retirar dêleo que mais importa, isto é, o fator humano, que lhe comunica organicidade,compondo a vida mesma das comunidades.
O Tráfego e sua Repercussão no Urbanismo
Authors: De Menezes Côrtes Geraldo
Published: November 2020

Os meios próprios de locomoção do homem têm suas limitações naturais,no cansaço físico e na demora para vencer grandes deslocamentos. Êles bastamà vida de uma vila, mas quando crescem as distâncias só os meios detransporte, animais e mecânicos, podem atender às necessidades humanas.
Seleção de Pessoal e Classificação de Cargos
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

A classificação de cargos pelo critério da natureza, dificuldadee responsabilidade das atribuições é um dos mais antigos reclamosdo íuncionaslimo público civil. No entanto, só ultimamente pôdeser posta em têrmos práticos, através de dois projetos de lei queforam submetidos à apreciação do Poder Legislativo.
Do Tribunal de Contas como Tribunal de Justiça
Authors: Coelho Jurandyr
Published: November 2020

O trabalho, cuja publicação ora se inicia, visa a proporcionar ao públicoconhecimento de alguns aspectos da ação do Tribunal de Contas, especialmenteno que se relaciona com as tomadas de contas.Sem descer a minúcias específicas em que se individualizam as tomadasde contas, a dissertação delineará as características genéricas que comportamtais processos, quando submetidos ao julgamento do Tribunal de Contas.Para melhor concatenação do assunto, desenvolver-se-ão, inicialmente,algumas considerações de ordem histórica, inclusive legislação, para, em seguida,abordar os aspectos gerais das tomadas de contas, inclusive as dos administradoresdas entidades autárquicas, quando o Tribunal de Contas funcionaccmo Tribunal de Justiça.
O Conceito de direito líquido e certo no Direito Administrativo
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: November 2020

Já vimos que o mandado de segurança visa a compelir a administraçãopública a praticar ou deixar de praticar certo ato. Não é pois um remédioreparatório, não é meio de ressarcir danos causados; o mandado de segurançamodifica compulsoriamente uma situação dando ao impetrante direito à prestaçãoin natura.
Considerações Sobre o Recrutamento e a Formação Profissional do Pessoal do Estado
Authors: Collin Paul-Victor , Azevedo Lygia
Published: November 2020

Uma boa administração exige pessoal qualificado, principalmente dirigentesde elite. Uma rigorosa seleção inicial dará excelentes executores, não, necessariamente,chefes. Os postos de direção só devem ser ocupados por pessoasque, além das qualidades naturais requeridas pela função de comando, tenhamformação profissional adequada às tarefas a desempenhar.O Exército de há muito compreendeu esta verdade e em todos os paísesexiste, hoje, quaisquer que sejam sua denominação e estrutura, uma escola deguerra, uma escola militar, sem falar das escolas especializadas que formamtanto oficiais superiores como subalternos. A Administração, no entanto, salvoalguns esforços esporádicos e isolados, durante muito tempo quase não cogitouda educação profissional de seus servidores. Do mesmo modo, os critériosde recrutamento nem sempre se revelaram os mais adequados para selecionaros melhores para o serviço público.
A conservação dos recursos naturais
Authors: De Barros W. Duarte
Published: November 2020

No processo de organização da vida brasileira, em todos os sentidos, nãose pode deixar à margem, como até agora temos feito, os problemas un amentais do reconhecimento e do uso dos bens existentes em este. o naturana terra. Uma constante de boa ocupação do espaço íísico deve ser posta emtêrmos paralelos com o sentido moderno da melhor ocupação dos espaços políticos,religiosos, econômicos e sociais. Ou, em mais claro rumo, o espaço 6eográfico deverá ser aproveitado, nos totais aspectos de sua conjuntura, na cobertura,reta da complexidade de fatos, fenômenos e aspectos que o conformam.
Serviço de Emprego — Lacuna da Administração Pública Brasileira
Authors: Fischlowitz Estanislau
Published: November 2020

Fala-se , ultimamente, cada vez mais, da supersaturação da adm inistraçãopública nacional. O intervencionism o estatal teria atingido no Brasil umaproporção excessiva e prejudicial ao desenvolvim ento da sua economia.Seja como fôr, seria m anifestam ente errada e inexata a idéia que fizéssemossôbre o atual âm bito dos serviços públicos brasileiros, se não tornássem osp aten te que, ao m esm o tem po, existem na sua estrutura sensíveis claros elacunas, incom patíveis com o progresso econômico espetacular do país, alcançadonestas últim as décadas.
Despesas sem crédito ou além do crédito
Authors: S. Pinheiro Ewald
Published: November 2020

A rigor, seria suficiente uma só denominação para designar ambas asespécies. Despesa além do crédito é, na verdade, executada sem créditoconstituindo assim um subtipo, m cdalidade ou variante da primeira.Todavia, em sentido específico, a despesa sem crédito se efetua independentementede recursos financeiros votados para atendê-la, enquanto aoutra é a excedente da respectiva provisão orçamentária ou adicional.A afirmativa inicial permanece, no entanto, de pé. Pagamento superiorà verba é, em últim a análise, sem ela realizado.Êste comentário preliminar sugere outro. Com efeito, a expressão parececonter, em si mesma, indisfarçável ilogismo. Do ponto de vista legal serãotais despesas admissíveis?
Processos de informação da administração
Authors: M. De Souza Wahrlich Beatriz
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo retratar, de maneira sintética eem obediência à agenda estabelecida pelo Instituto Internacional de CiênciasAdministrativas para a Mesa Redonda de Liège (26-6 a 3-7-58), os processosde informação utilizados pela Administração Federal Brasileira, a fimde que suas decisões externas de caráter geral atendam aos imperativos dointerêsse coletivo.Serão examinados os seguintes aspectos da questão:— utilização de informações já existentes;— consulta, obrigatória ou não, a órgãos internos ou externos;— o papel das audiências, investigações especiais e sondagens de opinião.