bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norden Golden Manifolds with Constant Sectional Curvature and Their Submanifolds
Authors: Şahin Fulya , Şahin Bayram , Erdoğan Feyza Esra
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses the Norden golden manifold having a constant sectional curvature. First, it is shown that if a Norden golden manifold has a constant real sectional curvature, the manifold is flat. For this reason, the notions of holomorphic-like sectional curvature and holomorphic-like bisectional curvature on the Norden golden manifold are investigated, but it is seen that these notions do not work on the Norden golden manifold. This shows the need for a new concept of sectional curvature. In this direction, a new notion of sectional curvature (Norden golden sectional curvature) is proposed, an example is given, and if this new sectional curvature is constant, the curvature tensor field of the Norden golden manifold is expressed in terms of the metric tensor field. Since the geometry of the submanifolds of manifolds with constant sectional curvature has nice properties, the last section of this paper examines the semi-invariant submanifolds of the Norden golden space form.
Cryptanalysis of Two Privacy-Preserving Authentication Schemes for Smart Healthcare Applications
Authors: Xu Feihong , Luo Junwei , Ziaur Rahman
Published: July 2023

Ensuring the secure sharing of privacy-sensitive healthcare data is attracting considerable interest from researchers. Recently, Ogundoyin et al. designed a lightweight privacy-preserving authentication scheme named PAASH for smart health applications. Benil et al. proposed a public verification and auditing scheme named ECACS for securing e-health systems. Ogundoyin et al. and Benil et al. proposed an efficient certificateless aggregate signature (CLAS) scheme as their respective foundation signature schemes. They declared that their constructions were provably secure under the hardness assumption of cryptographic problems. In this work, we disprove their claim by analyzing the correctness and security of their underlying CLAS schemes. We first show that the batch verification process of n signatures for the CLAS scheme in PAASH is incorrect, and any public-key replacement attacker can easily break the scheme. We analyze the reasons for our attack and propose an improved scheme, named PAASH+. We then show that the CLAS scheme in ECACS fails to achieve correctness, an essential property that a cryptographic scheme should provide. As a result, it is impractical to deploy the designed PAASH and ECACS constructions in any real smart health applications.
Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential (STUMP): A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Update
Authors: Tinelli Andrea , D’Oria Ottavia , Civino Emanuela , Morciano Andrea , Hashmi Atif Ali , Baldini Giorgio Maria , Stefanovic Radomir , Malvasi Antonio , Pecorella Giovanni
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: The uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) are tumors with pathological characteristics similar to leiomyosarcoma, but that do not satisfy histological criteria for leiomyoma. These are problematic lesions with intermediate morphologic features; thus, diagnosis and treatment are difficult. This narrative review aims to review data in the literature about STUMPs, particularly focusing on management and therapeutic options and strategies for women who desire to preserve fertility. Material and Methods: authors searched for “uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential” in PubMed and Scopus databases, from 2000 to March 2023. Pertinent articles were obtained in full-text format and screened for additional references. Only articles in English language were included. Studies including full case description of patients with histopathological diagnosis of STUMP in accordance with Stanford criteria were included. Results: The median age was 43 years old. Symptoms are similar to those of leiomyomas, with a mean diameter of 8.0 cm. Total hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the standard care for women if fertility desire is satisfied. Myomectomy alone can be considered for young patients. Although these tumors have not a high malignant potential, several studies described recurrence and metastases. Conclusions: STUMPs are complex uterine smooth muscle tumors, with a rare but reasoned clinical–diagnostic management. Considering the high clinical and histological complexity of these tumors, high level of expertise is mandatory.
The Interplay between Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Congestive Heart Failure: Time to Collectively Refer to Them as Triple Overlap Syndrome?
Authors: Banjade Prakash , Kandel Kamal , Itani Asmita , Adhikari Sampada , Basnet Yogendra Mani , Sharma Munish , Surani Salim
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are independently linked to an increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Only a few studies have been published linking the association between overlap syndrome and congestive heart failure (CHF). This review highlights the interplay between overlap syndrome (OSAHS-COPD) and CHF. Materials and methods: We thoroughly reviewed published literature from 2005 to 2022 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases to explore the link between overlap syndrome and cardiovascular outcomes, specifically congestive heart failure. Results: Research indicates that individuals with overlap syndrome are more likely to develop congestive heart failure than those with COPD or OSA alone. Congestive heart failure is a common comorbidity of overlap syndrome, and it has a two-way connection with sleep-related breathing disorders, which tend to occur together more frequently than expected by chance. Conclusions: CHF seems to have a strong relationship with OS. Further research is required to understand the relationship between OS and CHF.
The Influence of Sildenafil–Metformin Combination on Hyperalgesia and Biochemical Markers in Diabetic Neuropathy in Mice
Authors: Pușcașu Ciprian , Ungurianu Anca , Șeremet Oana Cristina , Andrei Corina , Mihai Dragoș Paul , Negreș Simona
Published: July 2023

Background and objectives: Worldwide, approximately 500 million people suffer from diabetes and at least 50% of these people develop neuropathy. Currently, therapeutic strategies for reducing diabetic neuropathy (DN)-associated pain are limited and have several side effects. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antihyperalgesic action of different sildenafil (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) and metformin (antihyperglycemic agent) combinations in alloxan-induced DN. Methods: The study included 100 diabetic mice and 20 non-diabetic mice that were subjected to hot and cold stimulus tests. Furthermore, we determined the influence of this combination on TNF-α, IL-6 and nitrites levels in brain and liver tissues. Results: In both the hot-plate and tail withdrawal test, all sildenafil–metformin combinations administered in our study showed a significant increase in pain reaction latencies when compared to the diabetic control group. Furthermore, all combinations decreased blood glucose levels due to the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. Additionally, changes in nitrite levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were observed after 14 days of treatment with different sildenafil–metformin combinations. Conclusions: The combination of these two substances increased the pain reaction latency of diabetic animals in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all sildenafil–metformin combinations significantly reduced the concentration of nitrites in the brain and liver, which are final products formed under the action of iNOS.
Exploring the Apoptotic-Induced Biochemical Mechanism of Traditional Thai Herb (Kerra™) Extract in HCT116 Cells Using a Label-Free Proteomics Approach
Authors: Siriwaseree Jeeraprapa , Yingchutrakul Yodying , Samutrtai Pawitrabhorn , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Srathong Pussadee , Krobthong Sucheewin , Choowongkomon Kiattawee
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Natural products have proven to be a valuable source for the discovery of new candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of “Kerra™”, a natural extract derived from a mixture of nine medicinal plants mentioned in the ancient Thai scripture named the Takxila Scripture, on HCT116 cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of the Kerra™ extract on cancer cells was assessed through cell viability assays. Apoptotic activity was evaluated by examining the apoptosis characteristic features. A proteomics analysis was conducted to identify proteins and pathways associated with the extract’s mechanism of action. The expression levels of apoptotic protein markers were measured to validate the extract’s efficacy. Results: The Kerra™ extract demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the cells, with higher concentrations leading to decreased cell viability. Treatment with the extract for 72 h induced characteristic features of early and late apoptosis, as well as cell death. An LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 3406 proteins. The pathway analysis revealed that the Kerra™ extract stimulated apoptosis and cell death in colorectal cancer cell lines and suppressed cell proliferation in adenocarcinoma cell lines through the EIF2 signaling pathway. Upstream regulatory proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC), were identified. The expressions of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were significantly elevated by the Kerra™ extract compared to the chemotherapy drug Doxorubicin (Dox). Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence for the ability of the Kerra™ extract to induce apoptosis in HCT116 colon cancer cells. The extract’s efficacy was demonstrated by its dose-dependent inhibitory effect, induction of apoptotic activity, and modulation of key proteins involved in cell death and proliferation pathways. This study highlights the potential of Kerra™ as a promising therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Related Antisocial Behavioral Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maresca Giuseppa , Lo Buono Viviana , Anselmo Anna , Cardile Davide , Formica Caterina , Latella Desiree , Quartarone Angelo , Corallo Francesco
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Higher level of aggression and antisocial behavior have been found in the period following head trauma. These changes are attributable to specific brain alterations that generally involved frontal lobe, insula and limbic system. A descriptive review was conducted on the specificity of aggressive behavior in relation to traumatic brain injury by evaluating numerous variables, focusing on age at the time of trauma and neuroimaging studies. Materials and Methods: We searched on PubMed and the Web of Science databases to screen references of included studies and review articles for additional citations. From an initial 738 publications, only 27 met the search criteria of describing the relationship between aggression, brain alterations and traumatic brain injury. Results: These findings showed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to changes in behavior, personality and mood. Conclusions: The development of aggressive and criminal behavior is associated with multiple factors, including the etiology of injury, environmental, psychosocial and personality factors and age at the time of trauma.
Structural Engineering in Piezoresistive Micropressure Sensors: A Focused Review
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Xin , Yang Haotian , Qin Hongbo , Wang Weidong
Published: July 2023

The longstanding demands for micropressure detection in commercial and industrial applications have led to the rapid development of relevant sensors. As a type of long-term favored device based on microelectromechanical system technology, the piezoresistive micropressure sensor has become a powerful measuring platform owing to its simple operational principle, favorable sensitivity and accuracy, mature fabrication, and low cost. Structural engineering in the sensing diaphragm and piezoresistor serves as a core issue in the construction of the micropressure sensor and undertakes the task of promoting the overall performance for the device. This paper focuses on the representative structural engineering in the development of the piezoresistive micropressure sensor, largely concerning the trade-off between measurement sensitivity and nonlinearity. Functional elements on the top and bottom layers of the diaphragm are summarized, and the influences of the shapes and arrangements of the piezoresistors are also discussed. The addition of new materials endows the research with possible solutions for applications in harsh environments. A prediction for future tends is presented, including emerging advances in materials science and micromachining techniques that will help the sensor become a stronger participant for the upcoming sensor epoch.
Taro Roots: An Underexploited Root Crop
Authors: Ferdaus Md. Jannatul , Chukwu-Munsen Ezzine , Foguel Aline , da Silva Roberta Claro
Published: July 2023

Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a root crop that remains largely underutilized and undervalued despite its abundance and affordability. In comparison to other root vegetables, such as potatoes, yams, carrots, and cassava, taro stands out as a plentiful and low-cost option. As global hunger increases, particularly in Africa, it becomes essential to address food insecurity by maximizing the potential of existing food resources, including taro, and developing improved food products derived from it. Taro possesses a wealth of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, thereby making it a valuable nutritional source. Additionally, while not a significant protein source, taro exhibits higher protein content than many other root crops. Consequently, utilizing taro to create food products, such as plant-based milk alternatives, frozen desserts, and yogurt substitutes, could play a crucial role in raising awareness and increasing taro production. Unfortunately, taro has been stigmatized in various cultures, which has led to its neglect as a food crop. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the substantial potential of taro as an economical source of dietary energy by exploring the rich fiber, potassium, vitamin C, protein, and other micronutrient content of taro, and providing a foundation for the formulation of novel food products. Furthermore, this paper assesses the nutritional benefits of taro, its current utilization, and its antinutritional properties. It emphasizes the need for further research to explore the various applications of taro and improve on-farm processing conditions for industrial purposes.
Correction: OjiNjideka Hemphill et al. Feasibility Study of Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v Probiotic Supplementation in an Urban Academic Facility among Diverse Pregnant Individuals. Nutrients 2023, 15, 875
Authors: OjiNjideka Hemphill Nefertiti , Pezley Lacey , Steffen Alana , Elam Gloria , Kominiarek Michelle A. , Odoms-Young Angela , Kessee Nicollette , Hamm Alyshia , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa , Koenig Mary Dawn
Published: July 2023

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Lipidome Profiling in Childhood Obesity Compared to Adults: A Pilot Study
Authors: Soria-Gondek Andrea , Fernández-García Pablo , González Lorena , Reyes-Farias Marjorie , Murillo Marta , Valls Aina , Real Nativitat , Pellitero Silvia , Tarascó Jordi , Jenkins Benjamin , Galán María , Villarroya Francesc , Koulman Albert , Corrales Patricia , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Cereijo Rubén , Sánchez-Infantes David
Published: July 2023

The objective is to assess the circulating lipidome of children with obesity before and after lifestyle intervention and to compare the data to the circulating lipidome of adults with obesity before and after bariatric surgery. Ten pediatric (PE) and thirty adult (AD) patients with obesity were prospectively recruited at a referral single center. The PE cohort received lifestyle recommendations. The AD cohort underwent bariatric surgery. Clinical parameters and lipidome were analyzed in serum before and after six months of metabolic intervention. The abundance of phosphatidylinositols in the PE cohort and phosphatidylcholines in the AD significantly increased, while O-phosphatidylserines in the PE cohort and diacyl/triacylglycerols in the AD decreased. Fifteen lipid species were coincident in both groups after lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery. Five species of phosphatidylinositols, sphingomyelins, and cholesteryl esters were upregulated. Eight species of diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoglycerols, glycerophosphoethanolamines, and phosphatidylcholines were downregulated. Most matching species were regulated in the same direction except for two phosphatidylinositols: PI(O-36:2) and PI(O-34:0). A specific set of lipid species regulated after bariatric surgery in adult individuals was also modulated in children undergoing lifestyle intervention, suggesting they may constitute a core circulating lipid profile signature indicative of early development of obesity and improvement after clinical interventions regardless of individual age.
Does the Micronutrient Molybdenum Have a Role in Gestational Complications and Placental Health?
Authors: Foteva Vladimira , Fisher Joshua J. , Qiao Yixue , Smith Roger
Published: July 2023

Molybdenum is an essential trace element for human health and survival, with molybdenum-containing enzymes catalysing multiple reactions in the metabolism of purines, aldehydes, and sulfur-containing amino acids. Recommended daily intakes vary globally, with molybdenum primarily sourced through the diet, and supplementation is not common. Although the benefits of molybdenum as an anti-diabetic and antioxidant inducer have been reported in the literature, there are conflicting data on the benefits of molybdenum for chronic diseases. Overexposure and deficiency can result in adverse health outcomes and mortality, although physiological doses remain largely unexplored in relation to human health. The lack of knowledge surrounding molybdenum intake and the role it plays in physiology is compounded during pregnancy. As pregnancy progresses, micronutrient demand increases, and diet is an established factor in programming gestational outcomes and maternal health. This review summarises the current literature concerning varied recommendations on molybdenum intake, the role of molybdenum and molybdoenzymes in physiology, and the contribution these play in gestational outcomes.
Combined Newborn Screening Allows Comprehensive Identification also of Attenuated Phenotypes for Methylmalonic Acidurias and Homocystinuria
Authors: Schnabel Elena , Kölker Stefan , Gleich Florian , Feyh Patrik , Hörster Friederike , Haas Dorothea , Fang-Hoffmann Junmin , Morath Marina , Gramer Gwendolyn , Röschinger Wulf , Garbade Sven F. , Hoffmann Georg F. , Okun Jürgen G. , Mütze Ulrike
Published: July 2023

Newborn screening (NBS) programs are effective measures of secondary prevention and have been successively extended. We aimed to evaluate NBS for methylmalonic acidurias, propionic acidemia, homocystinuria, remethylation disorders and neonatal vitamin B12 deficiency, and report on the identification of cofactor-responsive disease variants. This evaluation of the previously established combined multiple-tier NBS algorithm is part of the prospective pilot study “NGS2025” from August 2016 to September 2022. In 548,707 newborns, the combined algorithm was applied and led to positive NBS results in 458 of them. Overall, 166 newborns (prevalence 1: 3305) were confirmed (positive predictive value: 0.36); specifically, methylmalonic acidurias (N = 5), propionic acidemia (N = 4), remethylation disorders (N = 4), cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency (N = 1) and neonatal vitamin B12 deficiency (N = 153). The majority of the identified newborns were asymptomatic at the time of the first NBS report (total: 161/166, inherited metabolic diseases: 9/14, vitamin B12 deficiency: 153/153). Three individuals were cofactor-responsive (methylmalonic acidurias: 2, CBS deficiency: 1), and could be treated by vitamin B12, vitamin B6 respectively, only. In conclusion, the combined NBS algorithm is technically feasible, allows the identification of attenuated and severe disease courses and can be considered to be evaluated for inclusion in national NBS panels.
Mediterranean Diet for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Laffond Ana , Rivera-Picón Cristina , Rodríguez-Muñoz Pedro Manuel , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández Regina , Navas-Echazarreta Noelia , Sánchez-González Juan Luis
Published: July 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary heart disease being the primary cause. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been highlighted for its potential in providing greater protection against CVDs. This study aims to present an updated systematic review that examines the impact of MD on mortality and CVDs, both in the general population and in patients with a prior CVD, while also considering the potential influence of gender. We conducted a systematic review. After the selection process, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings from these studies consistently demonstrate that higher adherence to the MD is associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality, both in the general population and in patients with previous CVDs. Moreover, evidence suggests that following this dietary pattern likely decreases the risk of CVDs such as heart attacks, various types of coronary artery disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. While some studies have identified differences in the benefits of the MD between men and women, it is important to note that these disparities may be attributed to lower event rates and a generally lower cardiovascular risk profile in women. Thus, the observed variations in outcomes should be interpreted in the context of these factors. Adherence to the MD has the potential to improve survival rates and reduce the risk of CVDs in both the general population and individuals with a prior CVD. Further research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the protective effects of this dietary pattern and to better understand the role gender-related differences in its outcomes. Nevertheless, promoting the adoption of the MD could be an effective strategy for mitigating the burden of CVDs globally.
Caenorhabditis elegans as an In Vivo Model for the Discovery and Development of Natural Plant-Based Antimicrobial Compounds
Authors: Zarroug Samah H. O. , Bajaman Juhaina S. , Hamza Fatheia N. , Saleem Rimah A. , Abdalla Hana K.
Published: July 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is rapidly increasing worldwide, and the identification of new antimicrobial agents with innovative mechanisms of action is urgently required. Medicinal plants that have been utilised for centuries with minor side effects may hold great promise as sources of effective antimicrobial products. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is an excellent live infection model for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial compounds. However, while C. elegans has widely been utilised to explore the effectiveness and toxicity of synthetic antibiotics, it has not been used to a comparable extent for the analysis of natural products. By screening the PubMed database, we identified articles reporting the use of the C. elegans model for the identification of natural products endowed with antibacterial and antifungal potential, and we critically analysed their results. The studies discussed here provide important information regarding “in vivo” antimicrobial effectiveness and toxicity of natural products, as evaluated prior to testing in conventional vertebrate models, thereby supporting the relevance of C. elegans as a highly proficient model for their identification and functional assessment. However, their critical evaluation also underlines that the characterisation of active phytochemicals and of their chemical structure, and the unravelling of their mechanisms of action represent decisive challenges for future research in this area.
Blocking the CGRP Receptor: Differences across Human Vascular Beds
Authors: de Vries Tessa , Boucherie Deirdre M. , van den Bogaerdt Antoon , Danser A. H. Jan , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: July 2023

Multiple drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor have been developed for the treatment of migraine. Here, the effect of the small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist zavegepant (0.1 nM–1 µM) on CGRP-induced relaxation in isolated human coronary arteries (HCAs) was investigated. A Schild plot was constructed and a pA2 value was calculated to determine the potency of zavegepant. The potency and Schild plot slopes of atogepant, olcegepant, rimegepant, telcagepant, ubrogepant and zavegepant in HCAs and human middle meningeal arteries (HMMAs), obtained from our earlier studies, were compared. Zavegepant shifted the concentration–response curve to CGRP in HCAs. The corresponding Schild plot slope was not different from unity, resulting in a pA2 value of 9.92 ± 0.24. No potency difference between HCAs and HMMAs was observed. Interestingly, olcegepant, atogepant and rimegepant, with a Schild plot slope < 1 in HCAs, were all >1 log unit more potent in HMMAs than in HCAs, while telcagepant, ubrogepant and zavegepant, with a Schild plot slope not different from unity, showed similar (<1 log difference) potency across both tissues. As a Schild plot slope < 1 may point to the involvement of multiple receptors, it is important to further identify the receptors involved in the relaxation to CGRP in HCAs, which may be used to improve the cardiovascular safety of future antimigraine drugs.
Effects of Water–Ethanol Extracts from Four Sphagnum Species on Gene Expression of Selected Enzymes in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Their Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Zych Maria , Urbisz Katarzyna , Kimsa-Dudek Magdalena , Kamionka Maria , Dudek Sławomir , Raczak Barbara Klaudia , Wacławek Stanisław , Chmura Damian , Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska Ilona , Stebel Adam
Published: July 2023

Mosses (Bryophyta), particularly species of the genus Sphagnum, which have been used for centuries for the treatment of skin diseases and damage, are still not explored enough in terms of their use in cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant properties of water–ethanol extracts from four selected species of the genus Sphagnum (S. girgenshonii Russow, S. magellanicum Brid., S. palustre L., and S. squarrosum Crome) and their impact on the expression of genes encoding key enzymes for the functioning of the skin. In this study, the effects of Sphagnum extracts on the expression of genes encoding tyrosinase, collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase and hyaluronic acid synthase in human dermal fibroblasts were determined for the first time in vitro. The extracts inhibited tyrosinase gene expression and showed antioxidant activity. The experiment showed an increase in the expression of some genes encoding collagenase (MMP1) or hyaluronidase (HYAL2, HYAL3 and HYAL4) and a decrease in the hyaluronan synthase (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3) genes expression by the tested extracts. The obtained results suggest that using extracts from the tested Sphagnum species in anti-aging cosmetics does not seem beneficial. Further studies are needed to clarify their impact on the skin.
The Additive Antinociceptive Effect of Resveratrol and Ketorolac in the Formalin Test in Mice
Authors: Rojas-Aguilar Fidencio Abner , Briones-Aranda Alfredo , Jaramillo-Morales Osmar Antonio , Romero-Nava Rodrigo , Esquinca-Avilés Héctor Armando , Espinosa-Juárez Josué Vidal
Published: July 2023

Pain represents one of the leading causes of suffering and disability worldwide. Currently available drugs cannot treat all types of pain and may have adverse effects. Hence, the use of pharmacological combinations is an alternative treatment strategy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the combination of resveratrol and ketorolac through isobolographic analysis. CD1 mice were used to study the antinociceptive effect of this combination using the formalin test and the study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, four individual doses of each drug were evaluated, totaling eight testing groups. From these data, the median effective doses (ED50) of each drug were calculated. In the second phase, four testing groups were used to evaluate the combination of sub-doses of both drugs and obtain the experimental ED50. To evaluate gastric damage, five groups were employed, including indomethacin, vehicle, resveratrol, ketorolac, and combined resveratrol and ketorolac groups. Stomach samples from the mice were taken after 5 h of treatment, and the area of the ulcers was determined. Resveratrol plus ketorolac elicited a reduction in nociceptive behavior during both phases of the formalin test, and isobologram analysis revealed that the theoretical and experimental ED50 values of resveratrol and ketorolac did not differ significantly, implying an additive interaction between the drugs. Additionally, the drug combination did not generate gastric ulcers, thus enhancing the desired effects without increasing the adverse effects. Consequently, these findings substantiate the efficacy of the resveratrol and ketorolac combination in the formalin test, thereby highlighting its potential as a viable alternative for alleviating pain.
The Potential of the Nose-to-Brain Delivery of PACAP for the Treatment of Neuronal Disease
Authors: Cherait Asma , Banks William A. , Vaudry David
Published: July 2023

Research on the neuroprotective effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its use as a therapeutic agent has grown over the past 30 years. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PACAP exerts a strong neuroprotective effect in many central and peripheral neuronal diseases. Various delivery routes have been employed from intravenous (IV) injections to intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration, leading either to systemic or topical delivery of the peptide. Over the last decade, a growing interest in the use of intranasal (IN) administration of PACAP and other therapeutic agents has emerged as an alternative delivery route to target the brain. The aim of this review is to summarize the findings on the neuroprotective effect of PACAP and to discuss how the IN administration of PACAP could contribute to target the effects of this pleiotropic peptide.
Comparative Study of the Removal Efficiency of Nalidixic Acid by Poly[(4-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium Chloride] and N-Alkylated Chitosan through the Ultrafiltration Technique and Its Approximation through Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Palacio Daniel A. , Muñoz Carla , Meléndrez Manuel , Rabanal-León Walter A. , Murillo-López Juliana A. , Palencia Manuel , Rivas Bernabé L.
Published: July 2023

Emerging antibiotic contaminants in water is a global problem because bacterial strains resistant to these antibiotics arise, risking human health. This study describes the use of poly[(4-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride] and N-alkylated chitosan, two cationic polymers with different natures and structures to remove nalidixic acid. Both contain ammonium salt as a functional group. One of them is a synthetic polymer, and the other is a modified artificial polymer. The removal of the antibiotic was investigated under various experimental conditions (pH, ionic strength, and antibiotic concentration) using the technique of liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR). In addition, a stochastic algorithm provided by Fukui’s functions is used. It was shown that alkylated N-chitosan presents 65.0% removal at pH 7, while poly[(4-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride] removes 75.0% at pH 9. The interaction mechanisms that predominate the removal processes are electrostatic interactions, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The polymers reached maximum retention capacities of 1605 mg g−1 for poly[(4-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride] and 561 mg g−1 of antibiotic per gram for alkylated poly(N-chitosan). In conclusion, the presence of aromatic groups improves the capacity and polymer–antibiotic interactions.
Mechanical and Biological Characterization of PMMA/Al2O3 Composites for Dental Implant Abutments
Authors: Roato Ilaria , Genova Tullio , Duraccio Donatella , Ruffinatti Federico Alessandro , Zanin Venturini Diletta , Di Maro Mattia , Mosca Balma Alessandro , Pedraza Riccardo , Petrillo Sara , Chinigò Giorgia , Munaron Luca , Malucelli Giulio , Faga Maria Giulia , Mussano Federico
Published: July 2023

The mechanical and biological behaviors of PMMA/Al2O3 composites incorporating 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.% of Al2O3 were thoroughly characterized as regards to their possible application in implant-supported prostheses. The Al2O3 particles accounted for an increase in the flexural modulus of PMMA. The highest value was recorded for the composite containing 40 wt.% Al2O3 (4.50 GPa), which was about 18% higher than that of its unfilled counterpart (3.86 GPa). The Al2O3 particles caused a decrease in the flexural strength of the composites, due to the presence of filler aggregates and voids, though it was still satisfactory for the intended application. The roughness (Ra) and water contact angle had the same trend, ranging from 1.94 µm and 77.2° for unfilled PMMA to 2.45 µm and 105.8° for the composite containing the highest alumina loading, respectively, hence influencing both the protein adsorption and cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects were found, confirming that all the specimens are biocompatible and capable of sustaining cell growth and proliferation, without remarkable differences at 24 and 48 h. Finally, Al2O3 was able to cause strong cell responses (cell orientation), thus guiding the tissue formation in contact with the composite itself and not enhancing its osteoconductive properties, supporting the PMMA composite’s usage in the envisaged application.
Novel Macromolecular and Biobased Flame Retardants Based on Cellulose Esters and Phosphorylated Sugar Alcohols
Authors: Kaplan Matay , Ciesielski Michael , Fuchs Sabine , Getterle Christoffer , Schönberger Frank , Pfaendner Rudolf
Published: July 2023

The increasing demand to provide sustainably produced plastic materials requires, a.o., the development of biobased flame retardants (FRs) for applications where flame retardancy is essential. To meet those challenging new sustainability requirements, a set of novel phosphorus-containing cellulose esters were synthesized by an efficient two-step procedure. In the first step, cellulose was treated with acrylic anhydride to synthesize acrylate-functionalized cellulose esters—more specifically, cellulose acrylate butyrate (CeAcBu) and propionate (CeAcPr). Subsequently, phosphorylated anhydro erythritol (PAHE), synthesized from the sugar alcohol erythritol, was added to the acrylate-functionalized cellulose esters via Phospha-Michael addition. For comparison a cellulose ester based on 6H-Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-on (DOPO) was prepared analogously. The acrylate-functionalized cellulose esters and novel FRs were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. TGA investigations of PAHE-functionalized CeAcBu revealed an onset temperature of decomposition (2% mass loss) of approx. 290 °C. The novel PAHE-based FR was incorporated into a polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer (PP-co-PE) together with poly-tert-butylphenol disulfide (PBDS) (8 wt.%/2 wt.%) as a synergist. The PP-PE samples achieved V2 classification in the UL 94 V test. In addition, specimens of a rapeseed oil-based polyamide containing PAHE-functionalized CeAcBu at 20 wt.% loading yielded a V2 rating with short burning times.
Polymer Nanoparticles Applied in the CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) Process of Chip Wafers for Defect Improvement and Polishing Removal Rate Response
Authors: Chiu Wei-Lan , Huang Ching-I
Published: July 2023

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is a wafer-surface-polishing planarization technique based on a wet procedure that combines chemical and mechanical forces to fully flatten materials for semiconductors to be mounted on the wafer surface. The achievement of devices of a small nano-size with few defects and good wafer yields is essential in enabling IC chip manufacturers to enhance their profits and become more competitive. The CMP process is applied to produce many IC generations of nanometer node, or those of even narrower line widths, for a better performance and manufacturing feasibility. Slurry is a necessary supply for CMP. The most critical component in slurry is an abrasive particle which affects the removal rates, uniformity, defects, and removal selectivity for the materials on the wafer surface. The polishing abrasive is the source of mechanical force. Conventional CMP abrasives consist of colloidal silica, fume silica or other inorganic polishing particles in the slurries. We were the first to systematically study nanoparticles of the polymer type applied in CMP, and to compare traditional inorganic and polymer nanoparticles in terms of polishing performance. In particular, the polymer nanoparticle size, shape, solid content dosing ratio, and molecular types were examined. The polishing performance was measured for the polishing removal rates, total defect counts, and uniformity. We found that the polymer nanoparticles significantly improved the total defect counts and uniformity, although the removal rates were lower than the rates obtained using inorganic nanoparticles. However, the lower removal rates of the polymer nanoparticles are acceptable due to the thinner film materials used for smaller IC device nodes, which may be below 10 nm. We also found that the physical properties of polymer nanoparticles, in terms of their size, shape, and different types of copolymer molecules, cause differences in the polishing performance. Meanwhile, we used statistical analysis software to analyze the data on the polishing removal rates and defect counts. This method helps to determine the most suitable polymer nanoparticle for use as a slurry abrasive, and improves the reliability trends for defect counts.
Particle Shedding from Cotton and Cotton-Polyester Fabrics in the Dry State and in Washes
Authors: Pušić Tanja , Vojnović Branka , Flinčec Grgac Sandra , Čurlin Mirjana , Malinar Rajna
Published: July 2023

The influence of 3, 10 and 50 washing cycles on the properties of cotton fabric and cotton-polyester blend in plain weave, was investigated in this study. In addition to the analysis of tensile properties in weft and warp directions and thickness, the number of particles produced in the dry state was also measured after 3, 10 and 50 washes. After washing, the entire effluent was analysed by determining the total suspended solids (TSS), the total solids (TS), the pH value and the conductivity. To determine the similarity of the observed wash cycles and properties of all processed samples, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed. The fabric changes indicated by total wear in the warp direction after 50 washing cycles compared to unwashed ones amounting to 41.2% for cotton and 30.9% for cotton-polyester blend, may be attributed to the synergy of washing factors and raw material composition. Cotton fabric produced significantly more particles than cotton-polyester fabric in the dry state after the examined washing cycles in all size categories. A smaller number of released particles are in the larger size category >25 μm. The obtained TSS values confirm the degree of loading of the effluent with particulate matter from the analysed fabrics, since the detergent consists of water-soluble components. The HCA dendrograms confirmed that the release of particles during the first washing cycles is mainly determined by the structural properties of fabrics, while in the subsequent cycles the synergistic effect of chemical, mechanical and thermal effects in the interaction with the material prevailed.
Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conduction to Energy-Saving Effects of Wood Compression Layered Structural Materials
Authors: Chen Yu-Hui , Ho Shang-Tse , Lin Han-Chien
Published: July 2023

In this study, specimens were prepared from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) with different thicknesses to determine the best hot-pressing conditions for wood compression layered structural materials (WCLS) through densification at various temperatures and compressing time conditions. However, residual stress-releasing after densification recovery can cause dimensional instability. To address this issue, the drying set method was combined with the compression-set recovery test to determine the best setting time. As a result, the bending strength and modulus of rupture (MOR) of WCLS increased by 9.98 ± 9.71 to 20.87 ± 13.09% and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased by 9.87 ± 11.92 to 22.40 ± 17.97%. The volumetric swelling coefficient (S), water absorption percent (WAP), and equivalent moisture content (EMC) decreased as the drying time increased. The anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) were found to be the highest at a drying time of 12 h, with values ranging from 13.20 ± 15.11 to 36.46 ± 6.83% and 15.18 ± 1.11 to 19.58 ± 8.31%, respectively. The drying method was found to be effective in increasing dimensional stability. The glass transition temperature (Tg) moved to a lower temperature as the compression-set increased, which was due to plasticization of wood caused by high temperature and pressure. The cell walls of WCLS presented viscous buckling, which provided effective dimensional stability. The thermal conductivity of Japanese cedar and each compression-set WCLS were 0.1863 ± 0.0071, 0.1520 ± 0.0147, 0.1817 ± 0.0106, and 0.1423 ± 0.0137 W/mK, respectively. The thermal conductivity of each WCLS increased with an increase in compression-set, but decreased by 10.67 to 22.52% compared to Japanese cedar. The total electricity energy consumption of each WCLS after 24 h of testing decreased with a trend of 30.50 ± 0.84, 29.83 ± 0.42, 29.57 ± 0.51, and 29.4 ± 0.36 kWH.
Sustainable Polycaprolactone Polyol-Based Thermoplastic Poly(ester ester) Elastomers Showing Superior Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability
Authors: Choi Jin-Hyeok , Woo Jeong-Jae , Kim Il
Published: July 2023

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have attracted increasing attention for a wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications owing to their unique properties compared to those of traditional rubbers. To develop high-performance engineering TPEs and reduce the environmental pollution caused by plastic waste, α,ω-hydroxyl-terminated polycaprolactone (PCL) polyols with molecular weights of 1000–4200 g mol−1 and polydispersity index (Ð) of 1.30–1.88 are synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization of sustainable ε-caprolactone using a heterogeneous double metal cyanide catalyst. The resulting PCL polyols are employed as soft segments to produce thermoplastic poly(ester ester) elastomers and are compared to conventional thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomers prepared from polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG). Notably, the PCL-based TPEs exhibit superior mechanical properties and biodegradability compared to PTMEG-based TPEs owing to their crystallinity and microphase separation behaviors. Accordingly, they have 39.7 MPa ultimate strength and 47.6% biodegradability, which are much higher than those of PTMEG-based TPEs (23.4 MPa ultimate strength and 24.3% biodegradability). The introduction of biodegradable PCLs demonstrates significant potential for producing biodegradable TPEs with better properties than polyether-derived elastomers.
Flexural Properties of Heat-Polymerized PMMA Denture Base Resins Reinforced with Fibers with Different Characteristics
Authors: Yerliyurt Kaan , Taşdelen Taha Buğra , Eğri Özlem , Eğri Sinan
Published: July 2023

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been the most-widely used denture base material in prosthetic dentistry for the last 80 years. It is still one of the best alternatives when new methods are inapplicable. Due to the lack of some physical inadequacies occurring during cyclic use and accidental situations, various reinforcement strategies such as using nanoparticles, wires, fibers, and meshes have been investigated and reported. In this study, it was aimed to conduct a comparative investigation of the effect of fiber additives with different characteristics on the flexural properties of heat-cured PMMA denture base resins. Glass fibers (GFs), polypropylene fibers (PPFs), and carbon fibers (CFs) having 3, 6, and 12 mm lengths and 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0% concentrations (v/v) were used for the reinforcement of PMMA denture base resins. The flexural properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, and maximum deformation) were determined using a three-point bending test, and three-way ANOVA analyses with Bonferroni corrections were performed on the test results. The morphologies of the fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. All three fibers exhibited reinforcement in the flexural strength (p < 0.001) and flexural modulus (p < 0.001) regardless of their length and concentration. The group with 1.0% 12 mm CF-reinforced PMMA exhibited the greatest flexural strength (94.8 ± 8.8 MPa), and that with 1.0% 3 mm GFs displayed the lowest flexural strength (66.9 ± 10.4 MPa) among the fiber-reinforced groups. The greatest value of the flexural modulus was displayed by the 1.0% 3 mm CF-reinforced resin (3288.3 ± 402.1 MPa). Although the CF-reinforced groups exhibited better flexural properties, CFs are not favorable for use as reinforcement in practice due to the dark gray discoloration of the denture base resin. It was concluded that PPF is a promising material for the reinforcement of heat-cured PMMA denture base resins.
Divorce Rites as a Way of Dealing with a Life Course Transition: The Case of Contemporary Italy
Authors: Arosio Laura
Published: July 2023

In Western culture, divorce is becoming a transition event in individual life courses. As a result, it starts to be celebrated in ritual forms. In Italy, divorce is still a highly deritualized event from both civil and religious perspectives, although the transformations that make divorce a transition event have been occurring in recent years. This article depicts the complexities of divorce in a society such as Italy, where instances of social change coexist with strong elements of tradition. Emerging cultural practices related to couple dissolution in both formal and informal contexts are discussed. Structural determinants emerge as a force that can contribute to shaping the divorce rite as a new rite of passage.
Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tidal Current of Eight Major Tidal Constituents in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas
Authors: Liu Zizhou , Jiao Shengyi , Liu Xingchuan , Lv Xianqing
Published: July 2023

Numerical simulations of the eight major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, O1, N2, K2, P1, and Q1) in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas (BYES) were conducted using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) based on altimeter products from X-TRACK. Tidal harmonic constants and two-dimensional tidal current data with a spatial resolution of 1/12° were obtained. To validate the simulation results (SRs), harmonic constants from altimeters and tide gauges, two sea level anomaly time series, and velocity observations from 12 current meters were utilized. Additionally, data from five tidal models were used for comparison. The validation and comparison results demonstrated the accuracy of SR, especially when compared with coastal tide gauge data where SR performs exceptionally well. The cotidal charts and tidal current ellipses obtained through SR exhibited good continuity and consistency with the previous studies, effectively reflecting the tidal characteristics of the BYES. The SR can serve as a valuable reference and support for tidal-related fields in the BYES, including the supplement and verification of ocean measurements and the calculation of reference planes for ocean engineering.