bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the particle-size distribution variability on the SWCC predictions of coarse-grained materials
Authors: Alves Roberto , Gitirana Gilson de F.N. , Vanapalli Sai K.
Published: April 2021

The particle-size distribution (PSD) is the key information required by several models for prediction of the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC). The performance of these models has been extensively investigated in the literature; however, limited studies have been undertaken with respect to the uncertainty associated with the SWCC predictions resulting from the variability in the PSD. This study aims to investigate the influence of the variability of the PSD in the prediction of SWCCs using five different models applied to three different glass beads (GBs). The PSD curves were determined by sieve analysis, laser diffraction, and image analysis. The various testing procedures were statistically evaluated to understand the influence of variability of the PSD in terms of the coefficient of uniformity (CU) and de size of particles corresponding to 10% in the PSD (D10). For each prediction model, a combination of PSD curves and their coefficient of variation were used to estimate the SWCCs. Both theCUandD10proved to have a strong relationship with the predicted SWCCs. TheCUappears to influence more the residual suction prediction while theD10seems to have a major role for the transition and residual stages.
Ground heave movement evaluation in shallow foundations for expansive soils in Tunja, Colombia
Authors: Ochoa Adriana , Sainea-Vargas Carlos , Ramana G.V.
Published: April 2021

A current challenge in unsaturated soil mechanics is the need to estimate ground heave and associated shallow foundation movements in expansive soils due to water content changes. Such estimation should be simple for geotechnical engineering practitioners and provide reliable foundation designs through quantifying the risk associated with the ground heave. The difficulties in generalizing a method are related to several variables influencing the expansive behavior, including the initial and final stress state condition, soil mineralogical composition, ground wetting depth, soil wetting degree, and geotechnical profile comprising soil strata thickness and groundwater condition. In this research, the evaluation of heave movements for the expansive soils located in the north-east of Tunja (Colombia) is performed through surrogate path (SPM), water content, and consolidation theory-based methods. Initial and final suction profiles were defined to quantify the wetting strains developed at each scenario of partial wetting. The sensitivity of the SPM to the estimated or measured value of constant volume swelling pressure was corroborated. The higher deformations that the soil profile would be able to develop when subjected to a progressive wetting were obtained along with the remaining heave capacity of the soil profile. Finally, concluding remarks and recommendations associated with the practicality and applicability of the methods are presented.
Performance of capillary barrier as a sustainable slope protection
Authors: Satyanaga Alfrendo , Zhai Qian , Rahardjo Harianto , Gitirana Jr Gilson de F.N. , Moon Sung-Woo , Kim Jong
Published: April 2021

Capillary barrier system (CBS) was developed as a slope protection method to prevent rainwater infiltration into the underlying soil based on the principle of unsaturated soil mechanics by harnessing the distinct difference in hydraulic properties of a fine-grained layer with those of a coarse-grained layer of soils. The CBS is commonly designed and constructed using gravel as coarse-grained material and fine sand as fine-grained material. However, due to scarcity of natural aggregates and in consideration of environmental sustainability, there is a need to utilize recycled materials in capillary barrier system. In this project, coarse and fine recycled concrete were used as the coarse- and fine-grained materials, respectively. The appearance of CBS was enhanced with an additional layer of approved soil mixture (ASM) to incorporate vegetation as green cover. CBS as a sustainable slope cover has been constructed for slope protection surrounding basement carpark in the new public housing development at Matilda, Singapore. The design, construction and monitoring system for the CBS are presented and discussed in this paper. The field measurement data provide verification of the performance of the CBS. Both field measurement and numerical analyses demonstrated that CBS performed well as designed.
Behavior of compacted Ca-bentonite subjected to HMC loading: observations and interpretation
Authors: Motoshima Takayuki , Iso Sachie , Nishimura Tomoyoshi
Published: April 2021

This study presents result of HMC experimental test and discussions of chemical effort in Cabentonite. SWCC test, swelling pressure test and unconfined compression test as hydro-mechanical-chemical (HMC) test were applied to Cabentonite-sand mixture. Na-type bentonite has been studied to predict safety and confidence for artificial barrier layer consist of bentonite that many experimental research reports are represented, and can offer technology advanced comprehensive performance due to mathematical simulation models associated to physical parameters on thermal-hydration-mechanical-chemical properties. This study proposed a significant property for calcium bentonite to relate evaluating safety in radioactive waste disposal system, which emphasised much influence of suction and salinity chloride to hydration-mechanical behaviour for Calcium bentonite.
Optimal intervention strategies of staged progression HIV infections through an age-structured model with probabilities of ART drop out
Authors: Ba Mboya , Djidjou-Demasse Ramsès , Lam Mountaga , Tewa Jean-Jules
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we construct a model to describe the transmission of HIV in a homogeneous host population. By considering the specific mechanism of HIV, we derive a model structured in three successive stages: (i) primary infection, (ii) long phase of latency without symptoms, and (iii) AIDS. Each HIV stage is stratified by the duration for which individuals have been in the stage, leading to a continuous age-structure model. In the first part of the paper, we provide a global analysis of the model depending upon the basic reproduction number ℜ0. When ℜ0 ≤ 1, then the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the infection is cleared in the host population. On the contrary, if ℜ0 > 1, we prove the epidemic’s persistence with the asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium. By performing the sensitivity analysis, we then determine the impact of control-related parameters on the outbreak severity. For the second part, the initial model is extended with intervention methods. By taking into account antiretroviral therapy (ART) interventions and the probability of treatment drop out, we discuss optimal intervention methods which minimize the number of AIDS cases.
Model of social and pedagogical protection of sobriety
Authors: Kljushnikova E.A.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with approaches to the study of the problem of approval and preservation of sobriety. Issues of protection of sobriety of the younger generation are considered. Some reasons of inefficiency, the current “Concept of prevention of substance use in the educational environment” are analyzed. The mechanism for forming a program for self-management of alcohol and tobacco poisons is explained. The role of sobriety public organizations and public teachers - sobriety teachers in maintaining sobriety is emphasized. A model of a system of social and pedagogical protection of sobriety, built using the categorical method “Functional System Diagram”, is proposed. Conclusions are made about the social and pedagogical essence of the sobriety protection system. The author hopes that a number of the proposals made will be useful in improving the mechanism for protecting the sobriety of children and adolescents.
Paradigmatic framework of the development of modern economic theory: peculiarities of revision
Authors: Biryukov Vitaly , Alekseev Nikolai , Gerasimova Natalia , Ilchenko Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The article considers the problems of revising the paradigmatic framework of the development of modern economic theories. The study is based on the use of constructivist methodology, which allows studying meaningfully the processes of economic development as a complex system. The emergence of the modern paradigmatic framework of economic theories is interpreted as a result of the use of an eclectic combination of elements of individualistic and holistic methodologies. The paper considers the issues of transition to the research paradigm of studying the links between economic relations, values and institutions, taking into account the diversity of economic motives and interests of subjects, which have the ability to create collective forms of economic activity.
Assessment of the Competitiveness and economic development policies of the countries of the Former French Empire
Authors: Savelyev Mikhail , Gruzdeva Tatiana , Savchenko Andrey , Koretsky Vladimir , Pushina Natalia
Published: April 2021

A methodology for assessing the competitiveness and policy of economic development of the countries has been developed. As an indicator of competitiveness, the advanced development index is proposed, defined as the ratio of the growth rate of a country's real GDP to the global indicator. To assess the policy of economic development, it is proposed to use an assessment of changes in the advanced development index and the standard deviation of the annual growth rates of real GDP, evaluated for the periods of economic cycles from the beginning of the recovery to the end of the recession, in comparison with the previous period. The second indicator is proposed to be used as an indicator of the sustainability of economic growth and development risk. Such an assessment tool allows four types of economic development policies to be defined including conservative, aggressive, progressive, and regressive ones, when, in comparison with the previous period, the advanced development index and the growth sustainability indicator, respectively, fall or grow in the next period. On the basis of these indicators, an evaluation of the index of the proximity of historical fate is proposed. The developed methodology is applied to the assessment of the economic development of the countries of the former French Empire since 1952. The analysis of the indicators made it possible to reveal that the similarity of the economic development of countries that were previously part of the same empire, the higher, the closer the cultures of these countries, and the further away, the further away from their cultures. At the same time, only those countries achieved advanced development that, after gaining independence, which were able to form their own institutional system, significantly different from the colonial institutions of the metropolis. No signs of the emergence of French civilization, united by a common historical destiny, have been found on the territory of the former French Empire. The obtained scientific result is proof of the need to develop a model of a multipolar world, in which it is necessary to include a provision on the need to form institutions of economic development that are authentic to each culture.
Optimization of an educational organization management based on the assignment management system implementation
Authors: Krechetov Andrey , Shatko Dmitry , Strelnikov Pavel
Published: April 2021

At present, there is an a1cute problem of the low efficiency of handling assignments in the management processes of educational organizations. This is due to a number of factors, including: incorrect formulation of tasks by managers, failure to comply with the established deadlines, inconsistency of the results with the tasks set, unsatisfactory staff compliance with assignment fulfillment regulations, etc. The introduction and further use of the assignment management system based on information analysis technologies with the inclusion of an analytical module into the structure of the information management system of an educational organization can serve to efficiently solve the indicated problems. Considering the current global trends in the development of information technology, this approach is very relevant and in demand, since the use of information technology in the form of an assignments management system allows for efficient communication between managers and subordinate employees. The article discusses the issues of improving the management activities of an organization through the use of an information and analytical system. The role of information technologies in the processes of educational organizations has been investigated. The existing software products used to work with assignments have been analyzed. The procedure for working with the assignment management system is presented. The statistical data on the use of the information-analytical system in practice are presented.
Methodology for assessment of total stability of regional high-yield budgets of Russia
Authors: Tashtamirov Magomed , Hasbulatov Arsan , Gesuev Jamalai
Published: April 2021

The stability of the budget system allows the national economy to ensure overall stability not only in the fiscal aspect, but also in many other areas of public activity. Risks of instability in one segment of the budget structure can cause a cascade of problematic aspects and negatively affect the overall balance of the country's budget system. Fiscal policy in Russia is still unable to solve the problem of increasing the financial autonomy of a certain category of regional budgets that have a high degree of subsidy dependence. Stable maintenance of the number of high-yield budgets of the country's constituent entities causes additional risks of the fiscal policy instability. In this regard, the research of the formation and state of regional budgets with a high subsidy dependence is quite relevant, especially in the context of increased external challenges. This article is aimed at multi-dimensional identification of problematic aspects of the stability level of the regional high-yield budgets of Russia in terms of their balance, stability and debt burden, which will determine their current state in current conditions. Analysis of the dynamics of revenues and expenditures of a regional high-yield budgets group with the determination of the level of their balance over the past three years is carried out. Methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the overall level of regional budgets' stability has been developed, including 5 main groups that reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of regional finance. Analysis of the budget stability of high-yield regions of Russia is carried out. The main positive and negative aspects that characterize the state of the regional high-yield budgets of the country are identified.
New forms of investment in the conditions of Industry 4.0. (crowdfunding, crowdinvesting)
Authors: Kazachenok Olesya P.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines crowdfunding, crowdinvesting as modern forms of investing in various projects in the context of the emergence of the “fourth industrial revolution”, taking into account the priorities of the international integration of the Russian Federation (BRICS, EAEU). The author assesses the traditional system of exercising the rights and legitimate interests of participants in modern forms of investment for compliance with new needs under the introduction of innovative management technologies. The gaps in the legal regulation of the institution of crowdfunding in Russia, including: legal uncertainty in the qualification of an agreement concluded on an investment platform; lack of fixed legal guarantees for participants in investment projects, etc., have been identified. Given the processes of transformation of public relations under Industry 4.0, the author identifies ways to eliminate gaps both in legal regulation and in theoretical and legal aspects. According to the author, such changes are intended to prevent violations of the rights of business entities in the context of Industry 4.0. and reflect the domestic legal policy in relation to alternative forms of financing innovative projects based on digital technologies by business entities of the countries participating in integration associations with the participation of the Russian Federation.
Institutional specifics of IT-platforms in the management of urban water resources
Authors: Fontana Karine , Yerznkyan Bagrat
Published: April 2021

The organizational structures and institutional environment in which they operate are essential in the management of urban water resources. One of the most promising forms of such structures are information and technology platforms that ensure the functional unity of the structures and environment of the ecosystem. The effectiveness of IT- platforms largely depends on the state of the institutional environment: on the one hand, it is not easy to achieve sustainable IT-platforms, on the other hand, success in achieving the desired sustainability can lead to a state of institutional trap, when both the environment is stable and management is efficient, but the increase in water scarcity and deterioration of its quality remains. The study focuses on the need to explore management and technological aspects, based on the economy of solidarity, into a single institutional complex, i.e. the transition to intelligent water management systems. Such management systems, with extensive use of technological innovations and digital technologies, are being introduced, including within the framework of the spatial development of the Russian Federation and in the development of the strategy of socio-economic development of the country and regions.
New pedagogical reality: challenges and answers
Authors: Drobotenko Yuliya , Makarova Natalia , Chekaleva Nadezhda
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the research is expressed in the study of the impact of changes in society on pedagogical reality and in determining the directions of its transformation. The purpose of the paper is to identify the professional challenges of the teaching profession and to substantiate the need to revise the basic functions of teaching activities. The research methods are: theoretical analysis of factors influencing the teaching profession; synthesis and interpretation of data on the characteristics of the activities of the subjects of the educational process, difficulties, and opportunities of pedagogical interaction. The result of the research is revealed in the substantiation of the provisions on advanced professional training of future teachers at the university, the formation of their pedagogical picture of the world. The conclusion about the need for future teachers to master the norms of the pedagogical ethos has been made, and the stages of this process have been provided. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the enrichment of the theory of pedagogy with knowledge about the value foundations and the content of pedagogical activity in a society of high modernity; new functions of pedagogical activity; features of the development of teaching practice. The practical significance is seen in the possibility of using the paper materials for further research; studying the processes of teaching, upbringing and development in new conditions; development of training materials for university students and students of advanced training courses.
Stimulating students’ cognitive activity by means of interactive lectures in a museum environment
Authors: Andreeva Vera , Shmachilina-Tsibenko Svetlana , Ozhogova Elena , Namsing Ekaterina , Morozova Oksana
Published: April 2021

Considering the innovative interest of society in competent specialists, Higher Education strives to meet these needs by positioning introduction of interactive learning dynamic application in educational process as one of the forms of cognitive activity organisation. An illustrated lec-ture, a binary lecture, a consultation lecture and a conference were used in the study as priority means of cognitive activity stimulation. In doing so, we relied on the ideas of museum pedagogy as one of the important conditions of creating dialogicity, searching activity, team interaction and social experience. While conducting the abovementioned lectures in a museum environment, the special atmosphere is being created, which encourages fruitful work with historical sources, receiving information through exhibits, positive communicative environment aimed at initiating cognitive interest and activity, creativity, students’ independence in the knowledge assimilation, practical application of skills and abilities. All these, as our research has shown, contribute to the increase of the students’ cognitive ac-tivity stimulation levels.
The recreational area of the university as a basis for the personal and physical development of students with health related conditions
Authors: Kljushnikova E. A. , Batyrshin R. R. , Batyrshina N. A. , Popkova Yu. A.
Published: April 2021

In society, both in Russia and abroad, there is a situation with a pronounced tendency towards deterioration in the health of young people, the growth of persons with health related conditions. This problem poses special tasks for the State and society to adapt and to integrate such people into society. The paper examines the possibilities of the recreational area of the university and motor technologies for people with disabilities. The importance of using the recreational environment of the university, built for the needs of both a healthy person and those with disabilities, is emphasized. The research work contains the results of an experiment to improve the musculoskeletal system of students with health related conditions using the conditions of the recreational environment of the university. The practical significance of the work was expressed in the justification of the expediency of using a set of exercises for general physical fitness and special gymnastics for the feet for the physical development of students with health related conditions.
Model of formation of the value attitude of high school students to the Russian language in the lyceum educational environment
Authors: Al-Yanai E. K.
Published: April 2021

At the present stage of the development of pedagogy, due to the tendency to axiologize education, special attention should be paid to the spiritual and moral development and education of the child's personality. In the process of studying at school, the subject of «Russian language» occupies a leading position, the metasubject educational functions of which make it possible to involve schoolchildren in the spiritual richness of Russian culture and literature, and the cultural and historical experience of mankind. In this regard, it is necessary to provide scientific and methodological support for the process of forming a value attitude of students to the Russian language, which allows organizing Training and Learning activities of high school students on a value basis. The purpose of this publication is to theoretically substantiate the conceptual model of forming the value attitude of high school students to the Russian language in the lyceum educational environment. Research methods and methodology. In the course of the work, the following methodological approaches were used: axiological, system-activity, environmental approaches, modeling method. Research results.1. The conceptual model of the formation of the value attitude of high school students to the Russian language in the conditions of the lyceum educational environment has been substantiated. 2. The substantive and procedural aspects of the process of forming the value attitude of high school students to the Russian language are characterized. Practical significance. The model of the formation of the value attitude of senior pupils to the Russian language in the process of classroom and extracurricular educational activities in the conditions of the lyceum educational environment, aimed at understanding the Russian language as a national and cultural value, may be in demand in further studies considering the value approach in education, the value-oriented aspect of teaching native language, as well as to be used in the development of special courses for students, graduate students and teachers on the problems of learning a language from an axiological standpoint.
Modeling of professional mobility of a specialist in a military university
Authors: Korsakov Alexey , Lopanova Elena
Published: April 2021

The technique of pedagogical modeling is reasonably considered in education as a promising direction of the development of theoretical and practical knowledge. Modeling involves not only the creation of a theoretically based model of future professional development, but also a practical justification, confirmation of the functioning of the created model. Modeling professional mobility of a future officer of a military university is of practical interest not only in the pedagogical field, but is also determined by the tasks of national development and national security of the Russian state in the short term. An unambiguous determination of the algorithm for the formation of all components of the professional mobility of a military specialist includes the development of personal and social professional mobility. The structure of the model, proposed in this article, was formed as a result of the generalization of modern theoretical knowledge, as well as experimental research, based on the leading military universities of Russia.
Analysis of the use of digital technologies in the activities of educational organizations in the conditions of distance learning (from the experience of France)
Authors: Kastornova Vasilina Anatolevna , Gerova Natalia Viktorovna
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the issues of setting up and developing distance learning technology in France on the example of the National Center for Distance Education (CNED). The organizational forms of its implementation are given, the role of digital educational resources and digital work space in realization of distance learning is shown.
Formation and development of digital transformation of domestic education on the basis of systemic convergence of pedagogical science and technology
Authors: Robert Irena Veniaminovna
Published: April 2021

This paper justifies and defines the terms "digital transformation of education" and "digital paradigm of education". It reveals the essence of the system approach in the formation of the digital paradigm of education, and presents the conditions needed to form the values of domestic education in the digital paradigm period. The work also shows how to form a digital paradigm of domestic education based on a systematic convergence of pedagogical science and technology.
Methodology for the formation of university teacher readiness for the digitalization of the educational process
Authors: Leifa Andrey Vasilevich , Dvoeriadkina Natalia Nikolaevna , Yurieva Tatiana Aleksandrovna , Chalkina Natalia Anatolevna
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the methodology of forming the teacher's readiness to use the electronic educational environment by immersion technology. The relevance of the study is determined by the challenges of our time. During the pandemic, all educational institutions of the Russian Federation had to switch to distance learning for students. Which presupposes possession of digital technologies by all participants in the educational process. To bridge the «digital divide» in the student-teacher relationship, a methodology has been developed to improve the qualifications of the teaching staff, which allows them to organize their professional activities using digital technologies. The leading method of researching this problem was a pedagogical experiment conducted among teachers and students, which made it possible to identify a positive trend in the willingness of teachers to use the capabilities of the University's electronic information and educational environment based on the results of the proposed methodology. The article clarifies the structure of a teacher's readiness to use the electronic information and educational environment of an educational organization, substantiates the effectiveness of the methodology for the formation of readiness using immersion technology.
Characteristics of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the shaping the moral-value field of students
Authors: Smagina Elena Nikolaevna
Published: April 2021

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of “psychological and pedagogical” conditions in educational institutions for shaping the moral-value field of students. The attention of educators and psychologists to the problem of the presence of the necessary conditions conducive to the formation and development of the personality of students has led to the fact that this concept is studied from different points of view, makes it possible to highlight certain characteristics, to get away from the parameters of uncertainty in the scientific and practical aspects. Today, every educational organization is obliged to create conditions conducive to the shaping a personality, spiritual and moral values, socialization of the younger generation. The theoretical analysis of this concept enables to determine and to highlight the most effective conditions in the future, to compare the degree of their effectiveness among the selected ones.
Methodology of teaching of design – creative manifestos
Authors: Vasilenko Elena , Vasilenko Pavel , Kondyukova Anastasia
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the main manifestos of designers and theorists of the world, setting new trends in the methodology of education. The materials published in the 70s of the last century, which have not lost their relevance today, as well as modern materials in the field of design theory published in different countries of the world, are studied. The analysis of these sources allowed us to identify two groups of conditions and requirements for the new methodology of teaching design, the need for the formation of modern project thinking. One of them focuses the system on the idea of serving not advertising and industry that produces similar and even dangerous products, but something more valuable, durable and unique. As well as participation in solving important global problems. Another group forms the criteria for the nature of the educational process itself. It puts before us the need to choose methods of continuous, active education, integrate it into everyday life, saturate it with various creative technologies, points out the advantages of working in a team and calls for a constant rethinking of the past experience, both of all mankind and of an individual artist-designer. A methodology based on such requirements is being developed and used in the modern world. All this speaks of changes in the teaching of design, the creation of certain pedagogical conditions that play an important role in the development of design around the world.
Stellenwert von MINOCA beim akuten Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Streckenhebung
Authors: Pöss Janine , Thiele Holger
Published: April 2021

Bei 5–6% aller Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt, die einer Koronarangiografie unterzogen werden, liegt ein Myokardinfarkt mit nicht obstruktiven Koronarien (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries; MINOCA) vor. Eine angemessene Diagnostik ist erforderlich, um die zugrunde liegende Ursache zu identifizieren und eine spezifische Therapie einzuleiten. Im Jahr 2019 hat die American Heart Association (AHA) in einem Scientific Statement eine überarbeitete Definition für den Begriff MINOCA vorgestellt und diese in ein klinisch sinnvolles Gerüst mit diagnostischen und therapeutischen Algorithmen zum Management von Patienten mit MINOCA eingebettet . Die im August 2020 aktualisierte Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zum akuten Koronarsyndrom ohne persistierende ST-Strecken-Hebungen (NSTE-ACS) widmet dem Thema MINOCA ein eigenes, neues Kapitel . Folgender Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Aspekte zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über
dieses Krankheitsbild.
NSTE-ACS: Medikamentöse Therapie – Antithrombotische Therapie
Authors: Rizas Konstantinos D. , Sibbing Dirk
Published: April 2021

Die koronare Herzerkrankung ist weltweit die häufigste Todesursache, und ihre Häufigkeit nimmt stetig zu. Der ischämischen Herzerkrankung ist gegenwärtig jeder 6. Todesfall in Europa anzurechnen. Die duale Plättchenhemmung (DAPT) mit Acetylsalicylsäure und einem P2Y12-Inhibitor ist nach einer koronaren Stentimplantation unerlässlich. Ziel der Therapie ist die Verhinderung von ischämischen kardiovaskulären Ereignissen. Die neuen Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) aus dem Jahr 2020 empfehlen eine in vielerlei Hinsicht individualisierte Art und Dauer der antithrombotischen Therapie in Abhängigkeit von der gewählten Managementstrategie (interventionell, operativ oder konventionell), dem Risiko für ischämische Ereignisse und Blutungskomplikationen sowie anderen Begleiterkrankungen wie Vorhofflimmern. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die neuen und relevanten Empfehlungen für die antithrombotische Behandlung von Patienten nach akutem
Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Strecken-Hebungen zusammengefasst.
Thermal characteristics of InGaN-based green micro-LEDs
Authors: Feng Yang , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Hyun Byung-Ryool , Liu Zhaojun
Published: April 2021

We have investigated the thermal characteristics of InGaN-based green micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) without the passivation layer in a wide junction temperature range of 298–453 K. The decreased temperature coefficient (dVf/dT) of the device with a smaller device size is attributed to the increased series resistances for the smaller devices, largely affected by the defects due to sidewall damage of the active layer. The ideality factor of 2.02 at 298 K suggests that the charge transport mechanism could be defect-assisted tunneling. In addition, it is observed that the ideality factor decreases with increasing temperature. The results of the C–V measurements suggest similar electron and hole concentrations in the depletion region, leading to a balanced electron–hole recombination in the active layer. It was also found that the temperature-dependent bandgaps of ternary In0.3Ga0.7N obtained from electroluminescence spectra of micro-LEDs agree with the calculated values by using the semi-empirical Varshni relationship.
Genome-wide association study between copy number variation regions and carcass- and meat-quality traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Berton Mariana Piatto , de Antunes Lemos Marcos Vinícius , Seleguim Chud Tatiane Cristina , Bonvino Stafuzza Nedenia , Kluska Sabrina , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , Silva Ferlin Lopes Lucas , Cravo Pereira Angélica Simone , Bickhart Derek , Liu George , Galvão de Albuquerque Lúcia , Baldi Fernando
Published: April 2021

Context Indicine breeds are the main source of beef products in tropical and subtropical regions. However, genetic improvement for carcass- and meat-quality traits in zebu cattle have been limited and genomics studies concerning structural variations that influence these traits are essential. Aim The aim of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study between copy number variation regions (CNVRs) and carcass- and meat quality-traits in Nellore cattle. Methods In total, 3794 animals, males and females included, were genotyped using a 777 962 single-nucleotide polymorphism platform of BovineHD BeadChip (777k; Illumina Inc.). Of these, 1751 Nellore bulls were slaughtered at 24 months of age for further carcass beef analysis. The following traits were studied: beef tenderness, marbling, rib-eye area, backfat thickness and meat colour (lightness, redness and yellowness). The CNV detection was conducted through PennCNV software. The association analyses were performed using CNVRuler software. Key results Several identified genomic regions were linked to quantitative trait loci associated with fat deposition (FABP7) and lipid metabolism (PPARA; PLA2 family; BCHE), extracellular matrix (INS; COL10A1), contraction (SLC34A3; TRDN) and muscle development (CAPZP). The gene-enrichment analyses highlighted biological mechanisms directly related to the metabolism and synthesis of lipids and fatty acids. Conclusions The large number of potential candidate genes identified within the CNVRs, as well as the functions and pathways identified, should help better elucidate the genetic mechanisms involved in the expression of beef and carcass traits in Nellore cattle. Several CNVRs harboured genes that might have a functional impact to improve the beef and carcass traits. Implications The results obtained contribute to upgrade the sensorial and organoleptic attributes of Nellore cattle and make feasible the genetic improvement of carcass- and meat-quality traits.
Active sites for ice nucleation differ depending on nucleation mode
Authors: Holden Mark A. , Campbell James M. , Meldrum Fiona C. , Murray Benjamin J. , Christenson Hugo K.
Published: April 2021

Significance

The appearance of ice crystals in the atmosphere is an important component of our planet’s climate. Ice crystals usually form on solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, where a water droplet can either condense on the particle and then freeze, or ice can grow directly on the particle without water first condensing. However, understanding of why some types of particles are especially effective is poor. Here, we use microscopy to identify the sites where ice first forms on atmospherically important minerals and find a significant difference between the two modes of ice growth. These results provide insight into the factors that govern ice formation in the atmosphere and imply an important role of surface morphology in directing crystal formation.
Endothelial cell invasion is controlled by dactylopodia
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Martins , Barbacena Pedro , Russo Ana , Vaccaro Silvia , Ramalho Daniela , Pena Andreia , Lima Aida Pires , Ferreira Rita Rua , Fidalgo Marta Alves , El-Marjou Fatima , Carvalho Yulia , Vasconcelos Francisca Ferreira , Lennon-Duménil Ana-Maria , Vignjevic Danijela Matic , Franco Claudio Areias
Published: April 2021

Significance

In this report, we describe how endothelial cells, the cells lining the interior of blood vessels, invade into tissues to form new vessels through sprouting angiogenesis. We found that endothelial cells use a specific lamellipodia-related membrane protrusion for invasion, which we termed dactylopodia. These protrusions have a special morphology, originate from filopodia, are linked to membrane-ruffling activity, and are specialized in invading into avascular extracellular matrix. Our work lays the foundations for drug discovery targeting sprouting angiogenesis.
The predictive utility of word familiarity for online engagements and funding
Authors: Markowitz David M. , Shulman Hillary C.
Published: April 2021

Significance

How well do simple or complex language patterns predict meaningful behaviors in the field? We used nearly 1.1 million datapoints across 12 samples to demonstrate that language complexity is a positive or negative heuristic depending on instrumental goal activation (e.g., if effort in a task is associated with value). We substantiate the simpler-is-better hypothesis that suggests without instrumental goal activation, common words associate with favorable outcomes in social media, academia, and entertainment settings. With instrumental goal activation, however, complexity leads to more favorable outcomes in the form of money for charitable giving campaigns and NIH grants. We demonstrate the contingent nature of language complexity as a heuristic, with clear links to behavior in the field.
Phragmidium rosae-multiflorae.
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which is limited to parts of Asia. It infects Rosa spp., which exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, therefore this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio technique – A case study of NH67 road corridor in the Nilgiris district, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Saravanan S , Istijono B , Jennifer J J , Abijith D , Sivaranjani S
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop landslide susceptibility mapping for NH67 road corridor in the Nilgiris district of Tamilnadu, India, using the Geographic information system (GIS) and multivariate statistical approach. In November 2009, North-East monsoon triggered numerous landslides in the Nilgiris district of Tamilnadu, resulting in a high death toll and considerable damage to property. The landslide-controlling parameters namely lithology, soil type, slope gradient, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), proximity to faults, and proximity to road, rainfall and streams were extracted from the spatial database, and the weight coefficient of each factor was computed. Then the landslide hazard was analyzed using the frequency ratio method. For verification of the model, the results of the analyses were then compared with the field verified landslide locations. It was concluded that about 3.86% and 16.23 % of the study area are in the very high and high susceptible zone. Based on this, landslide susceptibility map was then classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low. In the course of model validation, the results were validated using the ROC curve. The AUC of Frequency ratio model was 67.5%. Therefore, the landslide susceptibility index map of the study area is considered valuable for the decision-makers of the landslide-prone region. This landslide susceptibility map can be used to carry out mitigation measures to reduce the susceptibility associated with landslide hazard.
Investigation of unstable soil stabilized using fly-ash cement grouting
Authors: Jayasinghe K , Anggraini V , Syamsir A , Nanda
Published: April 2021

The deep soil with a relatively poor compressive strength has been an issue for the researchers and constructors for years since the hardships faced by them when trying to construct heavy structures on top of them. It is found that weak soils like those can be strengthened by adding different additives. Cement is commonly used for the above purpose but, since it’s expensive to use alone, cement mixed with fly ash was tested with different soils to strengthen them. The aim of the research was to find out the increase/decrease of strength when two different cement and fly ash mixtures were mixed with three different types of soils common in Malaysia in different proportions and to find the optimum percentages of each mixture to be mixed with each soil to obtain a desired strength. The Modified Standard Proctor test and the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests were carried to study the behaviour and strength of the soils when mixed with the above additives.
Case Study: Significant factors in hazard and vulnerability assessments in flood mitigation in Padang City
Authors: Ikhvan A , Mera M
Published: April 2021

Flood disasters often occur in Padang City due to rainfalls with high intensity and frequency, and are exacerbated by the city located on a flatter coast up to the steep Bukit Barisan. The mountain of Bukit Barisan is parallel to the Padang shoreline, and the distance between them is relatively close, it’s just about 20 km. The present research focuses on the determination of the significant factors in the assessments of both hazard and vulnerability in flood mitigation in Padang City. The hazard assessment in the present study uses indicators of hydro-meteorological, elevation, slope, land use, and flood-frequency data. Whereas the vulnerability assessment uses indicators of Population density, Settlement density, sex ratio and age group ratio data. The results of the present study show that the most significant factors in flood-hazard assessment in Padang City are the land elevation factor from the sea level and the slope factor especially in the upper reaches of the river. Meanwhile, the factors of density levels of both the settlement and population are crucial in the assessment of flood vulnerability in Padang City.
Case study: Vertical distributions of both temperature and dissolved oxygen in Lake Diatas - Indonesia
Authors: Edwin T , Mera M , Komala P S , Helard D , Bachtiar V S
Published: April 2021

Lake Diatas is one of the largest lakes in West Sumatra with a variety of uses that are vulnerable to contamination that could endanger lake organisms. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to describe the vertical distributions of both temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) in Lake Diatas as an indication of lake quality. The samples of lake water were taken at five points, namely in the middle of the lake, Teluk Kinari, Muara Danau, Gurun Datar and in Tanduk Kecil. Frequency of taking was once a month in October, November and December 2019. Variation in depth for temperature and DO observations was based on the methods of surface-water sampling (SNI 6989.57: 2008). The present study results show that the temperature range at various points with respect to lake depth variation was 20.1 to 25.9 °C with a standard deviation of 1.15 °C, while DO was in the range of 6.2 to 7.9 mg/l. These conditions still met the quality standards of lake water (Governor Regulation No. 24 Year 2010 Class II) where the temperature deviation must be less than 3 °C, and the minimum DO is 4 mg/l. By using statistical method of the two-way ANOVA, it is found that the temperature was significantly different from the time of sampling with a P-value <0.05, but the temperature did not differ significantly based on depth. The sampling time and depth of collection differed significantly for DO at 2 points close to the agricultural land. It can be concluded that the temperature and DO in Lake Diatas were still good because the oxygen content was still sufficient to ensure the survival of lake organisms. In addition, there was no indication of thermal stratification in the lake.
Relationship between extreme rainfall and design flood-discharge of the Ciliwung river
Authors: Farid M , Saputra D , Maitsa T R , Kesuma T N A , Kuntoro A A , Chrysanti A
Published: April 2021

Flood in Jakarta is occurred almost every year due to inadequate flood control systems to the flood prediction, inadequate drainage system, and trash that clog the drainage. The increase of rainfall is also one of the causes of flooding. That changing rainfall characteristics can affect river flow. This study aims to analyze the trend of rainfall in different time frames and its effect to flood discharge. The extreme rainfall trend is analyzed for every 15 years period from rainfall data of 1985 to 2019 for several return periods. Three period is selected for trend analysis and compared to the baseline data (1985-2019). Based on the analysis, the extreme rainfall for 1995-2009 and 2005-2019 period compared to the baseline is increased for all return periods. The increasing percentage is approximately 3-10% and 5-16% respectively. Since the extreme rainfall is increased, the design discharge is also increased for all return periods. The increasing percentage for 1995-2009 and 2005-2019 period compared to the baseline is 4-12% and 7-19% respectively. However, the design rainfall and discharge for the period 1985-1999 is lower than the baseline.