bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic functionalization of thin-layer membranes using a monomer truncation strategy
Authors: Vega-Fernández Jorge , Marcos Vanesa , Álvarez Jesús , Capitán María José , Fraile Alberto , Alemán José
Published: April 2024

An organic film was boosted with N-phenyl-phenothiazine, improving its photocatalytic activity and demonstrating effective luminescence for oxidizing sulphides and reducing aryl bromine.
Tailoring supertetrahedral cadmium/tin selenide clusters into a robust framework for efficient elimination of Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions
Authors: Wang Kai-Yao , Li Meng-Yu , Cheng Lin , Hao Xin , Wang Cheng
Published: April 2024

The elimination of radionuclides Cs+, Co2+, and Ni2+ is achieved using a supertetrahedral cluster-constructed ion exchanger CdSnSe-2K, whose soft Se component and micro-porosity synergistically contribute to the enhancement in adsorption rate, selectivity and acid resistance.
Ring expansion of unsubstituted aziridinium ylides to trifluoromethylated dehydropiperidines
Authors: Tang Jiaqi , Tian Tian , Wang Yingyu , Wei Dandan , Yang Yong , Wang Xinyu , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Ning Yongquan , Liu Zhaohong , Nenajdenko Valentine
Published: April 2024

The first rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 3] ring expansion of unsubstituted aziridines was achieved using trifluoroalkenyl N-triftosylhydrazones as vinylcarbene precursors to afford a series of structurally diverse 2-trifluoromethylated dehydropiperidines under mild conditions.
Inhibition of survivin by 2′-O-methyl phosphorothioate-modified steric-blocking antisense oligonucleotides
Authors: Li Yalin , Chen Suxiang , Rahimizadeh Kamal , Zhang Zhen , Veedu Rakesh N.
Published: April 2024

We have designed and screened seven fully 2′-O-methyl phosphorothioate-modified steric-blocking ASOs for specific inhibition of BIRC5 expression. As a result, ASO-7 was identified as the lead sequence.
New multiple-layered 3D polymers showing aggregation-induced emission and polarization
Authors: Zhang Sai , Yuan Qingkai , Li Guigen
Published: April 2024

An exceptional achiral and chiral multilayer 3D polymer has been created and controlled by uniform and distinct aromatic chromophore units that are multiply sandwiched by naphthyl berths.
NMR analysis of structural geometry and molecular dynamics in perovskite-type N(CH3)4CdBr3 crystal near high-temperature phase transition
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Kim Sun Ha
Published: April 2024

The powder X-ray diffraction patterns at 300, 410, and 300 K (after), and the morphology of N(CH3)4CdBr3 single crystal.
Redox-active covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) as a metal-free electrocatalyst for selective CO2 electro-reduction to the liquid fuel methanol
Authors: Barman Soumitra , Dey Anupam , Rahimi Faruk Ahamed , Bakuru Vasudeva Rao , Jena Rohan , Ghosh Adrija , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: April 2024

In essence, the utilization of renewable energy in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds the potential to transform carbon emissions into valuable chemicals, encompassing a range of hydrocarbons and alcohols.
Intrinsic mechanism of Co/Mn elemental manipulation in enhancing the cycling stability of single-crystal ultrahigh-nickel layered cathodes
Authors: Han Duzhao , Chen Jinniu , Li Weipeng , Xie Liang , Yan Zheng , Tang Zexun , Wu Hao , Peng Jiali , Dolotko Oleksandr , Zhao Yuxin , Hua Weibo , Wu Yuping , Tang Wei
Published: April 2024

We synthesized single-crystal ultrahigh-nickel layered cathodes with manipulated Co/Mn doping to reveal the correlation between crystal structural evolution and performance. Our study emphasizes the importance of regulating the crystal structure evolution constructing high-performance cathodes.
Cyclen molecule manipulation for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Yuyao , Yuan Li , Chang Qing , Yang Yang , Tang Xiongkai , Wan Zhi , Du Jieru , Wei Hang , Liu Chong , Guo Pengfei , Liu Zhe , Chen Ruihao , Wang Hongqiang
Published: April 2024

Cyclen regulated the perovskite film growth and healed Pb-relative defects. The corresponding perovskite solar cells achieved an impressive efficiency of 24.71%, and modules in 36 cm2 total-area gained a high efficiency of 20.08% via blade coating.
Gradient structured all-organic dielectrics by electrospinning for enhanced energy storage performance
Authors: Liu Yuan , Luo Hang , Chen Haiyan , Li Minxi , Wan Yuting , Peng Bo , Li Xiaona , Zhang Dou
Published: April 2024

Dielectric capacitors are widely used in the field of advanced electronic and power systems due to the advantages of high power density, robust safety, and long service life.
Growth of p/n-type BiFeO3 thin films for construction of a bilayer p–n junction for photodegradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Tu Hao-Yun , Qi Xiaoding
Published: April 2024

BiFeO3 (BFO) films were grown on LaNiO3 (LNO) buffered glass substrates under tailored conditions to exhibit either n-type or p-type conductivity, allowing fabrication of a bilayer p–n junction for efficient photodegradation of organic pollutants.
A benzimidazole-based ‘turn-on’ fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of Fe3+/2+: synthesis, performance, DFT calculations and applications
Authors: Duan Ning , Ding Leyuan , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo
Published: April 2024

A benzimidazole-based ‘turn-on’ fluorescent probe was successfully used for highly sensitive detection of Fe3+/2+ in wine.
A low-cost, swift response, highly sensitive MOF-based dual sensing device enables detection of ultralow humidity levels and solvent polarity changes
Authors: Leelasree T. , Sidhartha P. N. , Tathacharya Manav , Chappanda Karumbaiah N. , Aggarwal Himanshu
Published: April 2024

A Eu-MOF-based sensing device has been developed for monitoring trace moisture levels and solvent polarity changes. The sensor exhibits a remarkably low detection limit of 0.84 ppm with excellent atmospheric stability.
Designing guanidine-based lead-free hybrid indium perovskites with highly efficient intrinsic broadband emissions
Authors: Hou Chunqing , Liu Xiaoting , Wang Zisheng , Yu Fan , Jin Bowen , Yang Yang , Song Yilong , Dong Qingfeng
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in luminescent materials have highlighted zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides as highly efficient candidates.
Investigation of potassium doping and defect healing mechanism in core–shell CsPbBr3/SiO2 quantum dots
Authors: Kim Dokyum , Jo Yong-Ryun , Kim Soogeun , Yim Sang-Youp , Lee Joon-Hyung , Lee Chang-Lyoul
Published: April 2024

In this work, we firstly succeed in revealing the exact K+ doping and defect healing mechanism in core–shell CsPbBr3/SiO2 QDs.
Trade-off between processability and device performance in donor–acceptor semiconductors revealed using discrete siloxane side chains
Authors: van den Bersselaar Bart W. L. , Cattenstart Elisabeth H. W. , Elangovan Kavinraaj Ella , Yen-Chi Chen , de Waal Bas F. M. , van der Tol Joost , Diao Ying , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine
Published: April 2024

The fine balance between enhanced processability and decreased device performance in donor–acceptor polymeric semiconductors is elucidated using discrete siloxane side chains.
Resource allocation and passive beamforming for IRS‐assisted short packet systems
Authors: Zhang Yangyi , Guan Xinrong , Wu Qingqing , Ji Zhi , Cai Yueming
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted downlink short packet transmission system, where an access point sends short packets to multiple devices with the help of an IRS. Specifically, a performance comparison between the frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access is conducted for the considered system, from the perspective of average age of information (AoI). To minimize the maximum average AoI among all devices, the resource allocation and passive beamforming are jointly optimized. However, the formulated problem is difficult to solve due to the non‐convex objective function and coupled variables. Thus, an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed by exploiting the semidefinite relaxation and bisection search techniques. Simulation results show that time division multiple access can achieve lower AoI by exploiting the time‐selective passive beamforming of IRS for maximizing the signal to noise ratio of each device consecutively. Moreover, it also shows that as the length of information bits becomes sufficiently large as compared to the available bandwidth, the proposed frequency division multiple access transmission scheme becomes more favourable due to more flexible power allocation.
Overview of the IV International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Development (AEGISD-IV 2024)
Authors: Astanakulov Komil , Sharipov Galibjan , Vitliemov Pavel , Navid Hossein , Rizvi Aqeel Hasan , Mahmud Khan Nafis , Shomirzaev Makhmatmurod , Kаrshiеv Fakhriddin
Published: April 2024

The overview describes the main directions and results of the IV International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Development (AEGISD-IV 2024) held in Tashkent on 28-30 March 2024. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.
Results of experimental studies to justify the parameters of the working engines of the machine separator
Authors: Tulaganov Baxtiyor , Rakhimov Yunus , Bozorboev Abbos , Khudayqulov Rustam , Maxmurov Bekzod , Kurbonov Fazliddin
Published: April 2024

This article provides materials for the restoration and enhancement of degraded, low-yielding, and seasonally limited pastures, as well as an analysis of techniques for collecting seeds from desert-pasture forage plants. The primary objective of the study is to minimize seed losses during mechanized harvesting of desert fodder plants by enhancing the separation process from the crushed mass. Experimental tests have demonstrated that it is feasible to achieve the desired seed heap by positioning the reflector at an angle of 10-20° relative to the vertical. The results of experimental studies indicate that installing the reflector at an angle of 10-20° to the vertical allows for the acquisition of a seed heap at the required level.
Analysis of a pneumatic seeder equipped with an improved planting disc
Authors: Saidova Mukhayyokhon , Tursunbaev Sarvar , Boltaeva Mohichekhra , Ismoilov Temurbek , Gilijova Arzigul
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the results of field experiments of a pneumatic seeder that accurately plants a bare cotton seed equipped with an improved planting disc. The type and parameters of a pneumatic seeding machine that precisely slots and plants bare seeds suitable for the harsh soil and climatic conditions existing in the world have been studied through field trials to ensure that an economic effect can be achieved with adequate research. The experiments were carried out during the spring sowing period. In addition, the parameters of an improved pneumatic seeder drive that accurately shows bare cotton seed have been scientifically substantiated. The article presents conclusions based on the results obtained.
The effect of various factors on the yield of 2,3,3–triiode propene–2–ol–1
Authors: Khaidarova Gulrux , Makhsumov Abdukhamid , Akhtamov Dilshod , Tilavova Lola
Published: April 2024

A triode derivative of propargyl alcohol has been synthesized, and the effects of catalyst concentration, time and temperature on the synthesis process have been studied. Various concentrations of alkalis (5,0–30,0 mass. %) have been used as catalysts. It has been found that 2,3,3–triode propene–2–ol–1 has a higher yield when the concentration of the catalyst NaOH is 15%. The effect of time duration (1–5 hours) on product productivity has also been studied. Product yield has been found to be high for 3 hours. In addition, the effect of temperature on the product’s productivity has also been studied at intervals of (10–60°C). It has been found that the yield of 2,3,3–triiodpropen–2–ol–1 was high in 3 hours at 20°C. The structure of the synthesized substance was studied and confirmed by the methods of IR– and NMR–spectroscopic analysis.
Calculation of thermoelectric unit parameters for dehumidification
Authors: Tikhomirov Dmitry , Khimenko Aleksei , Kuzmichev Aleksey , Pavlov Alexey
Published: April 2024

The article considers the possibility of using thermoelectric dehumidifiers in microclimate systems for livestock premises. The advantages of dehumidifiers based on thermoelectric modules in comparison with compressor and adsorption units are shown. A block diagram of a thermoelectric dehumidifier designed to operate in agricultural production conditions is presented. The heat exchangers of the cold and hot circuits, as well as the electric fan, form a single structure and are installed in premises in which it is necessary to dehumidify the air. The dehumidification process in a thermoelectric unit is shown in the I-d diagram of humid air. A method for calculating a standard-sized range of thermoelectric units for air cooling (dehumidification) in agricultural premises has been developed. Provisions presented the method that allows determining the thermal and structural parameters of the main components when designing a thermoelectric unit.
Flexural strength of beam concrete with PET plastic addition and 30% copper slag
Authors: Sofianto Mochamad Firmansyah , Wulandari Meity , Imaduddin Muhammad , Yusuf Dedy
Published: April 2024

The development of renewable concrete materials has long been carried out by researchers about concrete to find alternative materials that allow it to be used as a substitute material for the use of concrete. Alternative materials can be obtained from waste materials or wasted materials from industrial products and how the manufacture of concrete is said to be environmentally friendly concrete. Copper slag is the result of copper processing waste in the form of sandy material and plastic with various types of PET, that can be found in household waste. Therefore, the objective of this study is to calculate the technical strength of the concrete beam with additional material in the form of 30% copper slag and variations of the addition of PET plastic. This research was conducted experimentally with compressive strength testing with cylindrical specimens 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm in height and beam testing with a size of 15 cm x 15 cm and a length of 53 cm according to bending beam testing standards without reinforcement. Variations of PET plastic used in concrete mixtures with 30% copper slag are 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%. The results of this study show that the compressive strength value of concrete with copper-slag of 30% and PET plastic of 0.6% gives a maximum compressive strength value of 27.5 MPa, and the value of flexural strength obtained is 5.03 MPa. The optimum deflection after adding PET plastic occurs in a mixture of 0.6% PET plastic which is 0.45.
Design of a transmissive dual-frequency polarization rotator for linearly polarized electromagnetic wave
Authors: Chen Linhao , Ding Guowen , Luo Xinyao , Wang Shenyun
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the design of a transmission-type dual-frequency polarization rotator for linearly polarized electromagnetic wave. The rotator facilitates polarization conversion for incident waves at any azimuth angle ϕ at two specific frequency points, resulting in a transmission wave with a counterclockwise rotation of 2ϕ. The proposed polarization rotator structure comprises three metal layers separated by two dielectric substrates. It includes two large rectangular metal patches positioned orthogonally along the x- and y-axes, respectively, as well as two small rectangular metal patches also positioned orthogonally along the x- and y-axes, respectively. The upper and lower metal layers act as the receiving and radiation ends, respectively. The transmitting and receiving ends are interconnected through coaxial metal holes. Remarkably, polarization conversion efficiencies exceeding 0.95 and 0.94 at 12 and 17 GHz, respectively, are achieved, and these high conversion efficiencies remain consistent as the azimuth angle of incidence changes. Furthermore, experimental results obtained from fabricated samples align well with the simulation ones, thus validating the effectiveness of the proposed polarization rotator. The proposed transmissive dual-frequency polarization rotator exhibits good practical application prospects in mobile satellite communications, GNSS, WLAN, etc.
Seismic vulnerability assessment and mechanical – based fragility analysis of a masonry clustered building in South Italy
Authors: Formisano Antonio , Longobardi Giovanna
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses the seismic behaviour assessment of a masonry clustered building, which is a prevalent typology in historical centres, particularly focusing on a case study located in a small town in Southern Italy. Following the introduction about the historical centre, the main architectural and structural features of the selected aggregate are outlined, based on the CARTIS Form, which was developed as part of the DPC – ReLUIS Italian research project. After establishing the characteristics of the building, its seismic assessment is conducted. Non-linear analyses reveal inadequate seismic behaviour in both longitudinal and transverse directions. A consolidating intervention which foresees the application of a seismic coating system is proposed. This integrated approach aims to improve both the seismic and energy performance of the aggregate. In the final part of the work, a comparison is made between the results obtained before and after the intervention. This includes the evaluation of the seismic safety index, as well as the examination of the fragility curves. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of the coating system on the structural units of the aggregate, thereby determining the overall improvement in seismic performance following the intervention.
Analysis of KLRB1-Mediated Immunosuppressive Regulation in Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Wei Wei , Hong Tao
Published: April 2024

Background Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is the most common type of craniopharyngioma (CP). Under the current surgery and/or radiotherapy strategies, the survival rate is high, but the long-term quality of life is poor because of the relationship between the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and the tumor. Many studies had shown that endocrine deficiencies caused by craniopharyngiomas of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis persist throughout almost the entire life of the patients after surgery, requiring them to receive hormone replacement therapy. Thus, we need to explore new treatments to improve the prognosis of patients. In recent years, there are more and more studies on the immunotherapy of various tumors. However, due to the rarity of the disease, immunotherapy for ACP is rarely researched. The discovery of the tumor immune-suppressive checkpoint KLRB1 (killer cell lectinlike receptor B1), which encodes CD161, may provide a novel target for the treatment of ACP.

Methods Data analysis of retrospective RNA sequencing was conducted in a cohort of 51 pediatric samples in the GSE94349 dataset, and the results were well validated in the GSE68015 dataset including 31 pediatric samples. We used R language as the main tool for statistical analysis and graphical work.

Results Our research showed that KLRB1 was enriched in ACP. Additionally, the expression of KLRB1 was positively related to immune functions and most inflammatory responses of ACP. We found that most of the T lineage–related immune responses were positively correlated with KLRB1 expression, and KLRB1 played an important role in the activation of inflammatory processes.

Conclusions KLRB1 is a promising target for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Mucormycosis Associated with COVID-19
Authors: Gajjela Bhavya , Mathias Michelle , Sajitha K.
Published: April 2024

Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. In this article, three case reports of rhinocerebral mucormycosis developing after COVID-19 infection in a diabetic patient are presented. Early diagnosis and treatment of those high morbidity conditions are vital to better outcomes.
A Study on Use of Interdental Brushes among Patients Who are Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: An Epidemiological Survey
Authors: Bhat Amitha Ramesh , Gupta Ayush , Meghana Ivaturi Sri Sai , Nair Karthika Sureshkumar , Thomas Biju , Bhandary Rahul , Shetty Akshatha
Published: April 2024

Introduction Maintenance of periodontal health is very important during fixed orthodontic treatment as accumulation of plaque can cause dental challenges that may interfere with orthodontic treatment; hence the present investigation was carried out to examine the knowledge of patients who were using interdental brushes during fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods Total 150 subjects aged 14 to 30 years from Mangalore city were selected. Majority of them were in the age group of 14 to 18 years (39.33%). Overall, 77 females (51.3%) and 73 males (48.7%) who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and had given consent for the participation in epidemiological questionnaire survey were included. Demographic information and use of interdental brushes during fixed orthodontic treatment for maintaining periodontal health were included in the survey.

Result Overall, 58% of the participants undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were using interdental brushes, which was statistically significant. The frequency of using interdental brush was 72.4%, 19.5%, and 8.04% daily, weekly, and monthly, respectively.

Conclusion The majority of the study participants who sought fixed orthodontic treatment were using interdental brushes daily in order to maintain periodontal health, which was statistically significant. Patient education and motivation was shown to be strongly associated with maintaining of periodontal health among study participants.
Perceptual and Acoustic Correlates of Voice in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Rahul Akhila , Joseph Bennet Elsa , Sada Shwetha
Published: April 2024

According to the information published by the World Health Organization in 2020, coronavirus disease, abbreviated as COVID-19, is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The virus is reported to result in mild to moderate respiratory illness, significantly affecting vocal mechanisms. The present study explored the effects of a recent COVID-19 infection on perceptual, self-reported outcomes, and acoustic measures of voice. The study was conducted on 25 COVID-19-infected patients and was compared against a group of age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Perceptual evaluation, self-reported voice outcomes using Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10), and acoustic analysis were conducted on the two groups of participants. The results revealed significant differences in perceptual and acoustic parameters of voice between the two groups.
Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Central India after Implementing Immunization
Authors: Tandale Babasaheb V. , Khude Poornima M. , Deshmukh Pravin S. , Qazi Mohiuddin S. , Padmaja Goteti V. , Narang Rahul , Deshmukh Pradeep R. , Rajderkar Shekhar S. , Tomar Shilpa J. , Bondre Vijay P. , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Damle Rekha G. , Jain Manish , Jain Dipty , Guduru Vijay Kumar , Jain Jyoti , Gosavi Rajesh V. , Sekhar V. Chandra , Raut Abhishek V. , Narlawar Uday W. , Jha Punam Kumari , Niswade Abhimanyu K. , Talapalliwar Manoj , Rathod Pragati , Soujanya B. Padmini , Kumar M. Pavan , Kumar K. J. Kishore ,   Japanese Encephalitis Epidemiology in Central India Study Group
Published: April 2024

Objective We report the epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) disease after the implementation of routine immunization in medium-endemic districts in the states of Maharashtra and Telangana in Central India.

Methods We investigated acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) patients hospitalized from October 2018 to September 2020. Field visits were also made to the residences of 262 AES cases, including 54 JE cases.

Results The overall case fatality ratio was 31%. Maharashtra state contributed 72% of JE and 67% of AES cases. The rural localities had a significantly higher number of JE cases than the urban areas. The occurrence of JE was reported year round, with most JE cases reported during the rainy season. Both AES and JE cases were reported mostly among children, with JE in 66% and non-JE AES in 70% of children.

Conclusion The JE disease continues to affect the population after routine immunization. Surveillance, prevention, and control need to be enhanced to achieve accelerated control.
Lymphovenous Bypass for Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: Minimizing the Risk of Upper Extremity Lymphedema
Authors: Médor Maria C. , Churchill Isabella F. , Pereira Diego , Roberts Amanda , Cordeiro Erin , Findlay-Shirras Lisa , Zhang Jing , Momtazi Moein
Published: April 2024

Background Studies have shown a significant reduction in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) rates in patients undergoing complete axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) combined with immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) using lymphovenous bypass (LVB).The purpose of this study was to determine if ILR with LVB at the time of cALND results in a decreased incidence of BCRL and its impact on patient quality of life (QOL).

Methods In this prospective cohort study, patients ≥ 18 years requiring cALND underwent ILR from 2019 to 2021. The primary outcome was bilateral upper limb volumes measured by Brørson's truncated cone formula and the Pero-System (3D Körper Scanner). The secondary outcome was QOL measured by the Lymphedema Quality of Life (LYMQOL) arm patient-reported outcome measurement.

Results Forty-two patients consented to ILR using LVB. ILR was completed in 41 patients with a mean of 1.9 ± 0.9 lymphovenous anastomosis performed. Mean age of patients was 52.4 ± 10.5 years with a mean body mass index of 27.5 ± 4.9 kg/m2. All patients (n = 39, 100%) received adjuvant therapy after ILR. Mean follow-up was 15.2 ± 5.1 months. Five patients met criteria for lymphedema throughout the duration of the study (12.8%), with two patients having resolution, with an overall incidence of 7.7% by the end of the study period. Patients with lymphedema were found to have statistically significant lower total LYMQOL values at 18 months (8.44 ± 1.17 vs. 3.23 ± 0.56, p < 0.001). A mean increase of 0.73 ± 3.5 points was observed for overall QOL average for upper limb function at 18 months compared with 3 months (t = 0.823, p = 0.425).

Conclusion This study showed an incidence of 7.7% lymphedema development throughout the duration of study. We also showed that ILR has the potential to reduce the significant long-term adverse outcomes of lymphedema and improve QOL for patients undergoing cALND
The Natural History of Non-operatively Treated Traumatic Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears: A Systematic Review
Authors: Choi Seung Il , Malik Shahbaz , MacLean Simon
Published: April 2024

Purpose Operative treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears has been well researched; however, data regarding nonoperative management is mixed and scarce. Our review aimed to utilize available data to formulate conclusions regarding treatment algorithms for this heterogeneous injury group.

Methods A thorough literature review was performed in Medline (OVID), Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases with search terms including “triangular fibrocartilage complex” and variations on the full term including “triangular fibrocartilage” or “TFCC,” alongside “non-operative” and “conservative.” Results were then subject to inclusion criteria, ultimately identifying eight studies.

Results The studies involved a total of 425 patients and 427 wrists for analysis. The mean age ranged from 30.7 years to 60.4 years. 53.6% of patients were male. The mean follow-up ranged from 12 months to 7 years, with an overall mean follow-up period of 27 months. Primary endpoints focused on various functional outcome scores, range of motion, grip strength, and pain. The nonoperative management of TFCC tears resulted in noninferior and comparable outcomes to operative management.

Conclusion Our review identified that the nonoperative management of Palmer-type IB tears with a short period of above-elbow immobilization was an effective treatment option with good functional outcome scores. The nonoperative management of general TFCC tears resulted in comparable functional outcomes when viewed alongside results from other systematic reviews. Risk factors for developing a poor functional outcome or requiring operative management included distal radioulnar joint subluxation, short-arm immobilization, and full tears of the foveal attachment. However, further randomized controlled trials with homogenous data collection are required to make further conclusions regarding the management of this condition.
Transforming Waterways for Global Trade
Authors:   American Society of Civil Engineers, Larbi Jelian
Published: April 2024

Waterways around the world need upgrades to accommodate expanding cargo vessel sizes and increasing traffic volumes This need has highlighted the research areas of waterway engineering and sediment management
A two-magnet energy harvesting device with buoy base for a marine terminal
Authors: Chiu Min-Chie , Cheng Ho-Chih , Her Ming-Guo
Published: April 2024

It is crucial to explore new green energy sources to alleviate the earth’s energy depletion and the impact of air pollution and greenhouse effects. Although wafer manufacturing is increasing worldwide, the implementation of carbon footprint policies necessitates a shift toward green electricity. To expand the scale of wafer manufacturing, it is essential to develop terrestrial green electricity, which requires additional terrestrial green energy sources. This paper presents a green energy harvesting method that generates wave hydraulic energy via a vibration-based electromagnetic generator through a buoy. An energy harvester composed of two magnets in series driven by a buoy via a connected pole is introduced. The sensitivity of induced electricity to the energy harvester’s design parameters, including the magnets’ geometric dimensions (diameter and height), the coil’s turns, and layers, is analyzed. Additionally, the relationship between electricity and wave information (wave amplitude and wavelength) is explored. To evaluate the electrical power efficiency between a pair of single-magnet energy harvesters and the two-magnet harvester, a pair of parallel energy harvesters consisting of one magnet and paralleled in line is assessed. The impact of electricity on the horizontal span between the parallel energy harvesters is also investigated. To achieve maximal electricity, the two-magnet energy harvester is numerically optimized using a simulated annealing method. The numerical result shows that the two-magnet (in series) energy harvester can produce 0.472 W when the wavelength is 0.03, the amplitude is 0.09 m, and the wave speed is 3 m/s.
Fabrication and simulation of a microvalve for molecular communication control on a chip
Authors: Naserifar Naser , Nasab Reyhane Sadeghi , Amirmahani Moheb , Shalkouhi Mohammad Nazari
Published: April 2024

In recent years, microvalves have become increasingly significant in microfluidic structures. In microfluidic devices, these microvalves are crucial to controlling fluid flow. Due to their ability to precisely manipulate and adjust the fluid, these structures are more efficient in applications, particularly in medicine, drug delivery, protein analysis, microscale communication, and chemical processes. Utilizing a numerical model for the design and fabrication of a microvalve results in the development of a more optimized and efficient structure. Microvalves can be generally divided into active and passive categories. This research focuses on the design and fabrication of a pneumatic microvalve, which falls under the category of active microvalves. This structure has two distinct chambers that allow for microscale communication. The microvalve is constructed using two layers, where the upper layer controls the lower layer, which contains fluid flow through pneumatic pressure. The performance of the system was evaluated through experimental analysis. The microchannel passage remained obstructed when the flow rates were set to 0.2 ml/h and when maintaining a constant pump pressure of 15 psi. However, the fluid flow is connected even when the pressure is cut off. We believe this structure will impact diverse applications, including molecular communication.
Magnetization switching and performance of an optimized bicomponent multiferroic nanomagnet
Authors: Xia Yongshun , Yang Xiaokuo , Dou Shuqing , Cui Huanqing , Wei Bo , Liang Bujia , Yan Xu
Published: April 2024

Achieving complete magnetization switching is a significant challenge in the electrical control of magnetic devices. In this paper, we propose a structure called bicomponent multiferroic nanomagnet (BMN) to study strain-mediated magnetization switching behavior. The BMN consists of a complete piezoelectric layer and a magnetostrictive layer made of bicomponent magnetic materials. Our team successfully developed a dynamic model for the magnetization of BMNs. By micromagnetic simulation, the results show that the strict requirements for a precise applied voltage period can be overcome in such a BMN, and a 180° magnetization switching can be achieved with only a square-wave voltage signal and a pulse width (tth) larger than 0.5 ns, given that the amplitude of the voltage is 60 mV. In addition, we also investigated the tolerance window of material composition and geometry, and proved that BMNs have sufficient error margins and the switching rate of BMNs can reach 1.67 GHz within the error margins at room temperature. Our proposed BMN device has a simple structure and low energy consumption as it does not require precise piezoelectric layer design or stringent voltage clocking requirements. The energy consumption per switching is only 7.3 aJ. These findings provide significant guidance for the design of nanomagnetic logic and memory devices and lay a strong foundation for the application of strain-mediated magnetization switching technology.
Palladium/coconut husk biochar composite material as an effective electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Rañoa Mary Elyssa R , Villanueva Matthew L , Laxamana Justienne Rei P , Necesito Hannah Grace G , Tongol Bernard John V
Published: April 2024

This study utilised coconut husk biochar as an alternative sustainable carbon support for Pd-based electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reaction in basic medium. Coconut husk biochar (BC) was prepared via slow pyrolysis at 800 °C for 1 h at a ramp rate of 5 °C min−1. The Pd/BC catalyst was prepared via borohydride-facilitated reduction of palladium chloride solution. TEM analysis revealed good dispersion of the Pd nanoparticles on the biochar support with particle size ranging from 1.9 to 3.4 nm. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements of Pd/BC in 1.0 M ethanol in 0.1 M KOH gave an on-set potential of −0.615 V (versus Ag/AgCl) with a forward peak current density of 23.87 mA cm−2, which is slightly higher than the commercial Pd/C catalyst. The Pd/BC also has a higher electrochemical stability and durability than the commercial Pd/C catalyst based on chronoamperometry studies (i.e., 44.43% versus 39.64% current retention). The synthesised coconut husk biochar–supported Pd catalyst exhibited promising results for ethanol oxidation reaction for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell application.
Nano-Raman spectroscopy of 2D materials
Authors: Jorio Ado , Nadas Rafael , Pereira Andre G , Rabelo Cassiano , Gadelha Andreij C , Vasconcelos Thiago L , Zhang Wenjin , Miyata Yasumitsu , Saito Riichiro , Costa Márcia D D , Cançado Luiz Gustavo
Published: April 2024

The use of nano-Raman spectroscopy to study two-dimensional (2D) systems is presented here. The nano (tip-enhanced) Raman spectroscopy technique is briefly introduced, addressing some new theoretical aspects for Raman spectroscopy in the near-field regime, including field coherence, field distribution and the relevance of atomic description and quenching effects. State-of-the-art results in graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are presented, exploring the connection between micro- and nano-Raman metrology. Various aspects such as defects, homojunctions, twisted-bilayer structures, localized emissions at bubbles, wrinkles, and borders, as well as substrate and coherence effects are addressed in detail. The paper concludes by outlining the perspectives for nano-Raman spectroscopy in 2D systems, highlighting its potential for advancing our understanding of nanoscale phenomena and facilitating further breakthroughs in materials science and characterization.
Tuning the water interlayer spacer of microwave-synthesized holey graphene films towards high performance supercapacitor application
Authors: Bi Kun , Jiang Xinyu , Sun Haofan , Dou Yan , Nile Richard , Wang Dini , Rubbi Fazlay , Zhang Xing , Wang Yan , Liao Yiliang , Jin Kailong , Zhuang Houlong , Kang Wonmo , Nian Qiong
Published: April 2024

Graphene-based electrodes have been extensively investigated for supercapacitor applications. However, their ion diffusion efficiency is often hindered by the graphene restacking phenomenon. Even though holey graphene (hG) is fabricated to address this issue by providing ion transport channels, those channels could still be blocked by densely stacked graphene nanosheets. To tackle this challenge, this research aims at improving the ion diffusion efficiency of microwave-synthesized hG films by tuning the water interlayer spacer towards the improved supercapacitor performance. By controlling the vacuum filtration during graphene-based electrode fabrication, we obtain dry films with dense packing and wet films with sparse packing. The SEM images reveal that 20 times larger interlayer distance is constructed in the wet film compared to that in the dry counterpart. The hG wet film delivers a specific capacitance of 239 F g−1, ∼82% enhancement over the dry film (131 F g−1). By an integrated experimental and computational study, we quantitatively show that the interlayer spacing in combination with the nanoholes in the basal plane dominates the ion diffusion rate in hG-based electrodes. Our study concludes that novel hierarchical structures should be further considered even in hG thin films to fully exploit the superior advantages of graphene-based supercapacitors.
Revealing hidden injustice: barriers to citizen participation among migrants in the energy transition of the Hague
Authors: ten Caat Sander , van Uffelen Nynke , Cuppen Eefje
Published: April 2024

Citizen participation is key to learn of actors’ lived experiences for the design of just energy policies. Many members of society, however, experience barriers to participation. As a result, the injustices they experience are likely to remain hidden from public decision-making processes. This paper applies the ‘hidden morality’ framework to a case study of migrants with a low socio-economic status (SES) in the Dutch city of The Hague. Through the analysis of 15 policy documents and 26 semi-structured interviews with migrants in a low-SES neighbourhood, this paper uncovers hidden injustices and the societal mechanisms forming barriers to participation. Simultaneously, the case study is used to test the conceptual framework. The study reveals that the interviewed low-SES migrants were not only considerably prevented from expressing their perceived injustices in decision-making, but were also unaware that they were subject to several procedural injustices. We identify three main barriers withholding low-SES migrants from participating in decision-making: unfamiliarity with (Dutch) democratic institutions and of their rights as citizens; language barriers; and weak social ties in their neighbourhoods. We conclude that the hidden morality framework proves useful for revealing injustices and barriers to participation that would otherwise run the risk of remaining hidden from scholars and policymakers.
A study on secured encryption of medical images using significant visual cryptography
Authors: H M Vijayalaxmi , Rao Arjun Sunil , Khan A M , Kotyan Deeksha , D Disha , R Pratheeksha , Rao Chinmayee
Published: April 2024

The medical images of people are important and sensitive and cannot be shared with the public considering privacy measures. Maintaining the confidentiality of the medical image is essential, and leakage of such information can cause great loss. Therefore, the information has to be secured while being transferred through a third party, which can be any network medium. Thus, there is a need for developing a robust encryption algorithm. These algorithms improve the security of the ongoing pictures by compromising the nature of the picture and utilizing complex calculations. Algorithms that work on the nature of the picture by utilizing complex cycles, for example, error diffusion, halftoning, wavelet transform, and dithering, lead to time complexity. Thus, a compact and efficient cryptographic algorithm is proposed with fewer mathematical computations that ensure the secured transmission and reception of medical images through the medium using Significant Visual Cryptography (SVC). In SVC, initially, the quality of the secret images (SI) is improved by using the Error Abatement Technique (EAT). The output of EAT is used to generate random share values, which are then implanted in cover pictures. The shares that are transmitted do not reveal the secret information present in the original image because of the steganography features involved in this technique. The integrated check value (ICV) is calculated over the region of interest (ROI) at the encryption and decryption sides to provide additional security. Quality and security analyses have been carried out to ensure the robustness of the algorithm. The detailed study proved that the proposed algorithm beat the constraints of the current calculations. The concept of checking the integrity value and steganography features enhanced the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The outer kinetochore components KNL-1 and Ndc80 complex regulate axon and neuronal cell body positioning in the C. elegans nervous system
Authors: Ouzounidis Vasileios R. , Green Mattie , van Capelle Charlotte de Ceuninck , Gebhardt Clara , Crellin Helena , Finlayson Cameron , Prevo Bram , Cheerambathur Dhanya K.
Published: April 2024

The KMN (Knl1/Mis12/Ndc80) network at the kinetochore, primarily known for its role in chromosome segregation, has been shown to be repurposed during neurodevelopment. Here, we investigate the underlying neuronal mechanism and show that the KMN network promotes the proper axonal organization within the C. elegans head nervous system. Postmitotic degradation of KNL-1, which acts as a scaffold for signaling and has microtubule-binding activities at the kinetochore, led to disorganized ganglia and aberrant placement and organization of axons in the nerve ring - an interconnected axonal network. Through gene-replacement approaches, we demonstrate that the signaling motifs within KNL-1, responsible for recruiting protein phosphatase 1, and activating the spindle assembly checkpoint are required for neurodevelopment. Interestingly, while the microtubule-binding activity is crucial to KMN’s neuronal function, microtubule dynamics and organization were unaffected in the absence of KNL-1. Instead, the NDC-80 microtubule-binding mutant displayed notable defects in axon bundling during nerve ring formation, indicating its role in facilitating axon-axon contacts. Overall, these findings provide evidence for a noncanonical role for the KMN network in shaping the structure and connectivity of the nervous system in C. elegans during brain development.
The roles of yeast formins and their regulators Bud6 and Bil2 in the pheromone response
Authors: Magliozzi Joseph O. , Rands Thomas J. , Shrestha Sudati , Simke William C , Hase Niklas E. , Juanes M. Angeles , Kelley Joshua B. , Goode Bruce L.
Published: April 2024

In response to pheromone Saccharomyces cerevisiae extend a mating projection. This process depends on the formation of polarized actin cables which direct secretion to the mating tip and translocate the nucleus for karyogamy. Here, we demonstrate that proper mating projection formation requires the formin Bni1, as well as the actin nucleation promoting activities of Bud6, but not the formin Bnr1. Further, Bni1 is required for pheromone gradient tracking. Our work also reveals unexpected new functions for Bil2 in the pheromone response. Previously we identified Bil2 as a direct inhibitor of Bnr1 during vegetative cell growth. Here, we show that Bil2 has Bnr1-independent functions in spatially focusing Bni1-GFP at mating projection tips, and in vitro Bil2 and its binding partner Bud6 organize Bni1 into clusters that nucleate actin assembly. bil2∆ cells also display entangled Bni1-generated actin cable arrays and defects in secretory vesicle transport and nuclear positioning. At low pheromone concentrations, bil2∆ cells are delayed in establishing a polarity axis, and at high concentrations they prematurely form a second and a third mating projection. Together, these results suggest that Bil2 promotes the proper formation and timing of mating projections by organizing Bni1 and maintaining a persistent axis of polarized growth.
Noise exposure assessment of workers inspecting construction machinery vehicles in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Jeong Yeon-hee , Jeong Seong-mo , Lee Woo-je , Kim Ki-Youn
Published: April 2024

Previous studies have investigated the health hazards caused by exposure to the noise of heavy equipment used at construction sites. Korea’s Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport operates a registration system for construction machinery, and regular safety inspections are mandatory. Although workers inspecting construction machinery vehicles are exposed to unwanted noise, no noise exposure assessment has been made regarding these workers in Korea. The time-weighted average (TWA) daily average noise exposure level among construction machinery inspectors at 18 inspection centers was 75.3 dB(A). Among the inspection steps, the exhaust gas inspection step was found to exhibit the highest noise exposure level, up to 100 dB(A). In Korea, if the noise level of a workplace exceeds 85 dB(A) as a TWA, workers are required to undergo special medical examinations. This study found that special medical examinations were required for two of the 18 target inspection centers (approximately 115 workers) as the 8-hour TWA noise level exceeded 85 dB(A). Therefore, regular noise exposure assessment and special medical examinations for noise are required to prevent inspectors from developing hearing disorders due to noise exposure.