bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PHYSICAL MODEL FOR AN ORGANIZATION: SIMILAR ASPECTS BETWEEN "ATOM'' AND "ORGANIZATION''
Authors: Pishkoo Amir
Published: August 2018

In this paper we claim that there exist some similar aspects between "atom'', as a typical physical system, and its counterpart "organization'' as a social system. These similar aspects have been shown by comparison between employees with electrons, board of directors with nucleus, dismissal with photoelectric effect, and organizational restructuring with nuclear reaction.
On PIXE Analysis of Medical Samples: Thalassemia & Wilson
Authors: Pishkoo Amir
Published: August 2018

The contents of six elements (Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) for medical samples of 30 patients (15 with wilson's disease and 15 with Thalassemia's disease) were determined by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. In analysis of these samples, abnormal contents of Cu for wilson's disease and of Fe for Thalassemia's disease were observed which shows that for these cases the situation of patient's illness is very serious.
Surprising attraction of non-magnetic materials to magnets
Authors: Vo Tin Trung , Pollack Gerald
Published: August 2018

We explored the effects of static magnetic fields on materials commonly classified as non-ferromagnetic and non-paramagnetic. By floating pieces of paper, wood, Teflon, and Nafion on different liquids and placing those objects near a neodymium magnet, we found that the objects moved consistently towards the magnet. As the distance between object and magnet diminished, the attraction strengthened. The results imply that objects currently classified as non-magnetic may in fact be at least weakly magnetic.
ZnS/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdTe/In Thin Film Structure for Solar Cells
Authors: Jafarov Maarif Ali , Nasirov E.F. , Jahangirova S.A.
Published: August 2018

A solar cell with glass/ITO/ZnS/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdTe/In structure has been fabricated using all-electrodeposited ZnS, Cu2ZnSnS4 and CdTe thin films. The three semiconductor layers were electrodeposited using a two-electrode system for process simplification. The incorporation of a wide bandgap amorphous ZnS as a buffer/window layer to form  ITO/ZnS/Cu2ZnSnS4/CdTe/In solar cell resulted in the formation of this 3-layer device structure. This has yielded corresponding improvement in all the solar cell parameters resulting in a conversion efficiency >12% under AM1.5 illumination conditions at room temperature.  These results demonstrate the advantages of the multi-layer device architecture over the conventional 2-layer structure.
Contaminations of Radioactive Nuclides of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in Tin Ore
Authors: Salama Tarek Mohamed Talaat
Published: August 2018

Tin ore plays a vital role in several industries. Tin ore could contain natural radioactive nuclides of 238U, 232Th, and 40K with various concentrations which might be caused a significant exposure radiation levels to the workers who handle the Tin ore in the factory. Thus, the evaluation of natural radioactive nuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the Tin ore is important from the point of view of radiation protection to save the workers from the radiation hazards.
Acute and Sub-chronic (28-day) intraperitoneal toxicity studies of the Methanol Root Extract of Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen (Polygalaceae) in Rats.
Authors: Y. Haruna
Published: August 2018

Despite the wide spread use of Securidaca longepedunculata in all parts of Africa, not much has been reported in the literature about its toxicity. The few reports available are in connection with its trypanocidal and insect toxicity where it is used as a stored grain preservative. In our investigation, it was discovered that intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) of limit dose of 2.83 mg/kg of the extract produced neither mortality nor acute signs of toxicity through out the 48 hours period of observation. In the sub-chronic toxicity study however, i.p. administration of the extract to rats produced dose dependent multiple organ toxicities in the kidneys and the liver. The rats showed signs of respiratory distress and muscle paralysis with a stretching of the hind limbs at the point of death. The extracts also significantly (p<0.05) increased levels of AST and ALT which is diagnostic of hepatocellular damage; in view of the large scale human consumption of this plant even though, LD50 is not a very reliable procedure in the determination of toxicity, however, patients usually combine herbal remedies with orthodox medication or with alcohol often with out the knowledge of the pharmacist or the physician. Considering the potential toxicity of S. longepedunculata, herbal practitioners should be educated on this, especially when the plant is recommended as part of the complex regimen in long term or short term management of chronic illnesses like hypertension and diabetes
Comparative evaluation of the dental caries status among autistic and non-autistic children
Authors: Sikarwar Archana Singh
Published: August 2018

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Autism Societyof Malaysia. The objective of the study was to report the physical health status ofchildren with autism in Malaysia. Sixtyâ€“nine children participated in study. Each childunderwent a routine medical and oral health examination. Significant variation in weight,and oral health status was observed in the participants. As per CDC weight chart, 17%of the study populations were observed to be obese, 4% were overweight and 9% wereunderweight. Participants were also screened for routine medical examination for lung,heart and abdomen abnormalities. All were reported normal except 25% of study groupshowed low blood pressure. An examination of the oral health status of the participantsrevealed that 35% had plaque; 7% had calculus and 25% showed caries.
Effects of n-butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some kidney function and histological parameters in CCl4-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats.
Authors: J.C. Okpala , H.N. Ifedilichukwu
Published: August 2018

Effects of n-butanol fraction of Gongronema latifolium leave extract on some kidney function and histological parameters in (CCl4) carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in Wistar albino rats were assessed. Fifty-four (54) Wistar albino rats were divided into treatment and LD50 groups. The treatment group was further divided into seven groups of 6 animals each by the randomized random design method, each were allowed food and water ad libidium. Group A (normal control) was given feed and water, Group B (vehicle control) was injected with olive oil intraperitoneally, while the rest groups (C, D, E, F and G) were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CCl4 (148 mg/kg) at 1:1 (v/v) solution in olive oil and all the animals were fasted for 36 hours. This was repeated once every week for a period of four (4) weeks. At the end of 28 days of treatment, there was significant (p<0.05) reduction in weight change of CCl4-induced control rats when compared with the normal control and induced treated groups. Kidney function studies showed that there was significant (p<0.05) increase in creatinine and urea levels of CCl4-induced control group when compared with the normal control and induced treated groups but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the normal control and induced treated groups. Also, the kidney homogenate revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in CCl4-induced control rats when compared with the normal control rats but there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the normal control and induced treated groups. However, malondialdehyde concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CCl4-induced control rats when compared with the normal control and induced treated rats. These findings suggested that n-butanol fraction of methanolic leave extract of G. latifolium may have anti-nephrotoxic and antioxidative effects against CCl4-induced kidney damage in rats.
Micropropagation of Elite Genotypes of Castanea Sativa (MILL.)
Authors: Aravanopoulos Filippos A. (Phil) , Tchatchoua Dorothy T. , Barbas Evangelos
Published: August 2018

Sprouted buds of eight mature plus-trees of Castanea sativa were collected from two natural populations (Mt. Paiko and Mt. Hortiatis, Greece). Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (three concentrations of macro and micro-elements) combined with three concentrations of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine). Results were evaluated based on three multiplication traits: (a) number of shoots produced, (b) length of the longest shoot segments and (c) percentage of responsive explants. A high genotype-dependant variation for the number of shoots produced per explant was detected. MS medium at full salt strength and 0.2 mg l-1 BAP provided the best results based on the multiplication traits measured. Elite mature tree P-2 proved to be highly favourable for multiplication. Rooting was attempted on Â½ MS medium at five different NAA concentrations.Â  Successful rooting (56%) was obtained by using 0.50 mg l-1 NAA in vermiculite medium after eight weeks. These results indicate that the P-2 genotype can be micropropagated from the protocol developed for ornamental purposes, clonal testing and tree improvement applications.Â
Stages of Organic Matter Addition vs. N Transformation in Soil
Authors: Paul Niladri , Chakraborty Jayeeta , Saha Dipankar , Chakraborty Rajib Ranjan , Das Saradindu
Published: August 2018

FYM and mustard cake, the two variable source of organic matter, were used as amendments and N sources in a typic ustifluvent soil. Organic matters were added at two modes i.e 21 daysâ€™ before and on the day of actual start of the experiment. Inorganic N as urea was added as treatment material. Results of the experiment reveal that comparatively higher amount of inorganic N was accumulated in soil incubated at 21 days compared to soils amended with organic matter upto 90 days period. Compared to the sources of organic matters, it was observed that the amount of inorganic N was recorded much higher in mustard cake amended soil than that of the soil amended with FYM. However, the amount of organic N content did not vary much and also did not show any definite trend of changes. The overall result showed that mustard cake proved superior results over that of FYM with regard to accumulation of inorganic N in soil. Addition of organic matters 21 days before the start of the experiment showed better results with regards to availability of N in soils.
Thermo-Electro Chemical Surface Energy Conversion Influence on Air Pollution
Authors: Sevaljevic Mirjana Miladin , Ionel Ioana , Pavlovic Milan , Vetres Ion
Published: August 2018

Water vapor condensation and crystallization active centers onÂ  gas exposed solid dust particleÂ  enableÂ  thermo-electrochemical energyÂ  catalytic storage and conversion. Thermodynamic diagnostic method is developed for determinationÂ  of catalyst working functionÂ  and thermo-electro chemical surface reaction kinetic.Â  The diagnosticÂ  results of catalyst working function and hydrogen evolution rate constants justify the functional dependenceÂ Â Â Â  obtainedÂ  on the basis of monitoring data in six day period, in differentÂ  seasons and location in Romania and Serbia These indicateÂ  to relative electric permittivity dominant influence, depending onÂ Â  Helmholtz surface and Helmholtz outer and diffusionÂ  planes in catalyst electric double layer.
Mutational Analysis of DNASE I Gene in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hussain Nageen , Kayani Hateem Zafar
Published: August 2018

The main aim is to analyze the mutations of DNASE I gene in diabetic patients.A total of 120 diabetes patients and 120 controls were sampled. The total number of male diabetic patients included in the study was 79 (66%) while female patients were 41 (34%) in number. Exon 8 of the DNASE I gene was amplified by using thermocycler. The possible band of interest was located at 165 base pairs. Two samples showed similar missense mutations at 127th position of exon 8 which replaced amino acid Arginine (Arg) to Glutamine (Gln). All controls showed no mutations. The association of diabetes with different levels of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were found to be significant.
Cultivars Differences in Keeping Quality and Bioactive Constituents
Authors: Ilic Zoran S. , Mirecki Natasa , Fallik Elazar
Published: August 2018

The aims of this research were to evaluate the keeping quality (water loss, firmness, decay incidence) and bioactive constituents (vitamin C, antioxidant activity) of three commercial bell pepper cultivars (Selika-red, Dynamo-yellow and Sympathy-orange color) held for 21 days (d) storage at 7 oC and market simulation (3 d at 20 oC). Cultivars type significantly influenced fruit quality in bell pepper after prolonged storage. The low skin wax content (0.6 ngâˆ™cm-2)Â  and thin pericarp tissue (6.5 mm) in â€˜Sympathyâ€™ appeared to have contributed greatly to the high weight loss (5.2%), resulting in very soft fruits (4 mm), high decay incidence (20%) and lowest value in general appearance (2.5) among to the three cultivars. After 21 d storage at 7 oC plus 3 d at 20 oC content of ascorbic acid showed a insignificant increase in all cultivars. Hydrophilic antioxidant activity (HAA) remains practically unchanged after 3 weeks at 7 oC (between 2 and 5%) from the initial value. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) increases only in red pepper 'Selika' (6.07 Âµmol TE/g fr.wt.) and this increase is mainly because of changes in the lipophilic antioxidant activity (LAA - from 0.84 in harvest time increased to 2.31 Âµmol TE/g fr.wt. after storage).Â
Rapid Plant Regeneration and Molecular Assessment of Genetic Stability Using ISSR and RAPD Markers in Commercial Banana Cv. Grand Naine (G-9)
Authors: DUHAN J. S. , Kajla S. , Choudhary D. , Poonia A. K.
Published: August 2018

The investigation was carried out to assess the genetic stability in Â Â tissue culture raised plants of banana cv. G-9 using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers.Aims:Â  Molecular assessment of genetic stability of tissue culture raised plants of banana cv. G-9 using molecular markers.Material and Results: Apical shoots were established on mediumÂ EM4Â (MS + BAP 4.0 mg L-1) with maximum of 3.8 buds/explant in 2.6 days. The maximum bud multiplicationÂ withÂ 16.5Â±0.06 shootsÂ was observed on mediumÂ Ma3Â (MS medium+ 5.0 mg L-1Â BAP + 0.25 mg L-1Â NAA ofÂ + 30 mg L-1Â AdSO4).Â The maximum rooting response (100%) wasÂ observed on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1Â NAA inÂ 12.2 days. After acclimatization the hardened plants were examined for genetic stability using RAPD and ISSR primers. Total forty six (twenty six RAPD and twenty ISSR) markers were used. RAPD primers produced 87 distinct and scorable bands, with an average of 3.34 bands per primer and the amplification products range was from 100-1200 bps. The number of scorable bands for RAPD primer varied from 2 to 5 with an average of 3.34 bands per primer. ISSR primers produced 71 distinct and scorable bands in the range of 100-1000 bps and the number of scorable bands for each primer varied from 2 to 6 with an average of 3.55 bands per primer.Conclusion: Similar profile with monomorphic bands was observed for all the tissue culture raised plants when compared to mother plant in both types of markers used. The results corroborate the fact that plant tissue culture technology has immense importance for production of true to type of planting material.Â
Evaluation of protocorm formation in meristematic regions of roots and leaves of Miltonia spectabilis moreliana (Orchidaceae).
Authors: Pedroso-de-Moraes Cristiano , Souza-Leal Thiago de , Pires CorrÃªa Rodrigo , Leme Paioli Renaze Raiane , AurÃ©lio Marteline Marco
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2.4-D and BAP on protocorm formation in meristematic regions of root and leaf of Miltonia spectabilis moreliana, and to test the effect of sucrose concentrations and pH levels on the growth of protocorms. Root and leaf segments of in vitro-germinated plants were cultured in MS/2 culture medium supplemented with 2.4-D and BAP, and kept in the dark for 210 days. The combination of 3 mg.L-1 2.4-D and 1 or 3 mg.L-1 BAP provided the best results. The concentrations of 15 and 30 g.L-1 sucrose, independently of the pH, were more efficient for the in vitro culture of this species, as they promoted an increase in the number and length of roots, height, and fresh weight of the plantlets. The pH was significant only in combination with 15 g.L-1 sucrose for the length of the largest root and fresh weight.
Induction of callus and somatic embryogenesis from explants of Parkiabiglobosa (Jacq.)Benth and ParkiaroxburghiiG.Don.
Authors: Abouzeid Dr Hanaa , Ahmed Engy M , Sallam Reda A , Kandil Zeinab A , Tadros Soad H , Kawy Mostafa A. Abdel
Published: August 2018

Legumes are very importantÂ  species including herbs, shrubs and trees, they are cultivated worldwide for different economic uses.Parkiais genus belongs to the Legumefamily, Fabaceae. The most common known species are P. biglobosaBenth (African locust bean) and P. roxburghii (Tree Bean)which were introduced to Egypt since 1890. The population of the tree is rapidly declining as result conservation efforts is needed to prevent it from extinction. In an attempt to conserve this genetic resource, tissue culture studies were carried toestablish a callus culture of both plants from different explants and regeneration of the developed callus and to study the effect of explant type, media composition on the callus production and the regeneration. Apical bud,axillary bud and root explants from in vitro germinated seedlings of P. biglobosaBenthwere cultured on MS and B5 medium supplemented with (0.4., 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0 mg l-1 NAA) + Glutamine 0.5 mg l-1 + Proline 0.5 mg l-1 + Casein 0.3 mg l-1 + 2,4D 2.5 mg l-1. Each medium was supplemented with 30 g l-1 sucrose, 3 g l-1 agar and PH 5.8.for callus induction .and (0.4.,0.8,1.2,1.6 or 2.0Â  mg l-1 NAA) + Glutamine 0.5 mg l-1 + Proline 0.5 mg l-1 + Casein 0.3 mg l-1 + 6-BAP 2 mg l-1. Each medium was supplemented with 30 g l-1 sucrose, 3 g l-1 agar and PH 5.8.for regeneration.The study presented here demonstrates the successful attempt at regeneration of plantlets of P. biglobosaBenth via indirect organogenesis.It can be concluded that the medium composition has a significant effect on the calli production together with the type of the explant which showed relatively higher significance. Seeds germination stage apical bud explants media 8 followed by media 10 showed the most favorable mean performances values for the studied characters, Number of days to callus initiation (day) , Callus weight (mg), Dead calli percentage (%),Albino plants percentage (%),Green plants percentage (%) and Root percentage (%). Moreover, axillary bud, showed remarkable increase in the mean performance of average. However, the overall response of MS medium was found to be superior to that of B5 medium. Explants cultured on MS medium fortified with combinations of 2,4-D and BAP induced rapidly proliferating calli that turned more friable and nodular.
METABOLIC ADAPTATION STRATEGY USING Zymomonas mobilis CP4 CELLS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SECOND GENERATION ETHANOL
Authors: Martins Danielle Da Silveira dos Santos , Borges Elcio Ribeiro , Reis Viviane Castelo Branco , Torres Fernando Araripe GonÃ§alves , Jr Nei Pereira
Published: August 2018

During the past few decades, considerable effort has been made to utilize agricultural and forest residues as biomass feedstock for the production of bioethanol as an alternative fuel. The bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was shown to be extremely attractive for the production of second-generation ethanol from glucose of the cellulose fraction due to its ability to uptake high amounts of this sugar, resulting in high ethanol productivity values. However, the wild-type strains are unable to metabolize xylose that arises from the hemicellulose fraction. Molecular biology techniques were incorporated to render the strain used in this study capable of fermenting xylose into ethanol and thus increase the efficiency of second-generation ethanol production. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a recombinant strain of Z. mobilis in simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) processes, in which the fermentation of both sugars (glucose and xylose) occurs in one step. Regarding the genetic transformation,the 1,565 kb Z. mobilis plasmid pZMO1 was chemically synthesized and cloned into a synthetic vector that contains the E. coli and Z. mobilis replication checkmark origin,the XI, XK, TAL, and TKL genes and tetracycline resistance. Metabolic adaptation was performed by transferring the recombinant strain to media containing increased xylose concentrations. Then, an experimental response surface methodology was used to evaluatethe addition of glucose and xylose with different concentrations, as well as the incorporation of hemicellulosic hydrolyzate in different proportions. The recombinant Z. mobilis CP4 strain reached 25 g/L ethanol, confirming that approximately 50% of this pentose was consumed in the SSCF process when using 30% solids, 20.5% hemicellulose hydrolysate, 10 mg/L tetracycline, an enzyme load of 25 FPU/g cellulignin, and 10% of the initial inoculum.Â
SOME THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FACTS CONCERNING LASER INTERACTION WITH MATERIALS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
Authors: Jevtic Sanja Damjan , Sreckovic Milesa Zivko , Mitrovic Nebojsa` , Jovanic Predrag Branko , Latinovic Zoran , Konstantinovic Ljubica , Dukic Milan , Radovanovic Radovan , Petrovic Lazar
Published: August 2018

This paper deals with characterization of materials, by the use of objective descriptions of materialâ€™s optical properties. Here the materials of biological origin were tested. Authors presented their selection of the optical constants for the purpose of material detection and recognition. For plants of interest in medicine and pharmacy (root, fruit and leaves), in their most commonly used state â€“ powders, spectral coefficients of reflection in visible spectrum portion were measured. Depending on measurements using correlation methods, chosen groups of parameters were obtained, that could help determine presence of certain species. For characteristic spectra and plant species, certain laser wavelengths were evaluated in the light of being most suitable for distinguishing presence of plants. As second valuable fact, reflection coefficient in bio stimulation determines the level of power (power density, dose, etc) which laser really transfers to the system.
Genetic analysis of agronomical traits in recombinant inbred lines of cowpea (Vignaunguiculata(L.) Walp.)under two water regimes.
Authors: TONESSIA Charlotte , KOUASSI N'Dri , CISSE Ndiaga , AkÃ© Severin
Published: August 2018

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to develop a genetic-linkage map and to identify QTLsinvolved in the genetic variation of agronomical traits in cowpeaunder two water regimes. A total of 1536 SNP GoldenGate assay were used to screen for polymorphism in a cowpea population of recombinant inbred lines. A total of 299 SNP markers amplified polymorphic products of which 228 mapped to the 11 cowpea linkage groups with an average distance of 6.5 cM between markers. The new SNP genetic map with a total length of 1281,8 cM were aligned with the consensus cowpea map allowing filling some gaps, which will increase QTLs analysis. A total of 31 QTLs affecting agronomic traits were identified and mapped to cowpea genomic regions. Among them 45% explaining from 3 to 35% of genetic variation were detected for both water conditions. Co-locations between QTLs were identified on several linkage groups among them QTLs affecting harvest index (HI) and grain yield suggesting their common genetic bases. Because, HI has been shown as the most stable and highly correlated parameter with cowpea yield under stress; our results will enable the efficiency of MAS and enhance genetic progress in cowpea.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PRE-SETTING CONDITIONS IN AIRLIFT BIOREACTOR TO DETERMINE THE RESPIRATORY KINETICS OF FUNGI
Authors: Rossi MJ , Cortez DH Cardoso , Giachini AJ , Oliveira VL , Jr A Furigo
Published: August 2018

in culture media and, therefore, used to obtain large volumes of fungal tissue to be used as inoculum. The implementation of controlled mycorrhization programs is dependent upon the production of commercially large volumes of inoculum. As of now, there is no such place around the globe where we can find people or companies that are able to achieve such goal. Information on the fungal growing kinetics is scant, and there are no studies that deal with the topic of oxygen transfer for the cultivation of these fungi (major impediment), making it hard to produce inoculum in large scales. Therefore, the current study used an airlift bioreactor to provide information on aspects, such as time of mixture, the effect of depressurization on the oxygen concentration readings and the delay of probe response, among others, that are fundamental for the commercial production of these fungal inocula. The study showed that the results obtained from the dynamic assay need adjustments prior to analytical interpretation. The data was obtained with operating specific air flow rates of 0.2, 0.36 and 0.52 vvm. In conclusion, the study provided essential information that can be used by others to continue the studies on the dynamic aspects of an airlift bioreactor operation intended for fungal biomass production.
In silico analysis to elect superior bacterial alkaline protease for detergent and leather industries
Authors: Das Kamonashis , Chakraborty Sourav , Hasan Mahmudul , Shovo Abdullah Maruf Rahman
Published: August 2018

Alkaline protease contributes 40% of the total worldwide enzyme sales. Alkaline protease that is stable at very high temperature and pH is massively desirable for detergent industry and leather industry specially in tanning process. So the present study aims to elect superior bacterial alkaline protease (high temperature and pH stable) as compared to the alkaline proteases of currently industrially used bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus). A total of 50 protein sequences of alkaline proteases of different bacteria were analyzed through in silico characterization. ProtParam result revealed that isoelectric point and aliphatic index of alkaline protease of Bacillus megaterium were 8.83 and 93.35 respectively. In case of alkaline protease of B. megaterium, these two properties were significant in comparison to alkaline proteases of industrially used bacteria and other considered bacteria. A common motif of 28 amino acid residues i.e., IQSTYPGEDYEYMSGTSMATPHVAGVAA was found using MEME software in 46 protein sequences. It can be concluded that alkaline protease of Bacillus megaterium may be superior to alkaline proteases of industrially used bacteria and other considered bacteria. In addition, obtained common motif indicates its probable role in catalytic function and structure of alkaline proteases.Â
A ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON CALCIUM SIGNALING GENES IN NEUROSPORA CRASSA
Authors: Gedela Ravi
Published: August 2018

Â Neurospora crassa possesses a complex of Ca2+_signaling system consisting of 48 Ca2+-signaling proteins.Â  The Ca+2-signallingÂ  protein plays an important role in a range of processes such as a Ca2+ stress tolerance, hyphal tip branching growth, cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, circadian clocks, sporulation, sexual development, and ultraviolet (uv) survival.Â  The environmental factors, broadly defined to include chemical, physical, nutritional, and behavioral factors...etc.Â  In this article, we are reporting here a role of physic-chemical environmental factors pH, glucose and ultraviolet (UV) affect on âˆ†NCU06366, and âˆ†NCU05225 Ca2+ -signaling knockout mutants in N. crassa.Â  The verified result showed that, âˆ†NCU06366 and âˆ†NCU05225 Ca2+ -signaling knockout mutants slower growth rate at pH (7.6), and glucose starvation against to the control wild type respectively.Â  In addition to that the found results showed, ultraviolet (UV) survival, there is no UV radiation affects on âˆ†NCU06366 and âˆ†NCU05225 Ca2+-signaling knockout mutants as evaluate to the positive and the negative controls in N.crassa.Â  Along with that, In-silico analysis Multiple sequence analysis and Phylogenetics tree for conserve domain of NCU05225 (NADH dehydrogenase) and NCU06366 (Ca2+/H+ anti-porter) Ca2+-signaling genes encodes proteins in N.crassa, showed high sequence similarity and 68-100% and 89% homology Â to the other class of fungi respectively.Â  It indicates that, NCU05225 (Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase) and NCU06366 (Ca2+/H+ exchangers) Ca2+-signaling gene encoding conserve domain widespread in other class of fungi as well.Â  Â
Clonal Propagation and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa Peregrina (Forssk) Fiori Plant
Authors: Hasan Alrayes Linda Naim , Al Khateeb Wesam â€œMohâ€™d Hadiâ€ , Mohamad Shatnaw Mohamad Awad
Published: August 2018

Moringa peregrina (Forssk) Fiori is one of the known medicinal plants in Jordan. It is used in traditional medicine to treat rheumatism and infections. Plant parts are used in the indigenous systems of human medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate factors affecting M. peregrina in vitro propagation and its antimicrobial activity. Microshoots with apical meristem (10 or 15 mm in length) were subculture on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of BAP, Kinetin, Zeatin and Thidiazuron (TDZ). Maximum number of new shoots/explant (4.39) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog agar medium supplemented with 1.6 mg/L Zeatin. While at 0.4 mg/L BAP maximum shoot length was obtained (37.78 mm). Antibacterial activity of aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, and acetonic extracts of both in vitro plantlets and ex vitro (field grown) M. peregrina were evaluated by the agar welldiffusion method against Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 18182, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 19430, Methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29974, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC13883, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 35029, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27253, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella paratyphi ATCC 13076 and Escherichia coli ATCC 29522. The obtained results showed that ethanolic, acetonic and aqueous extracts revealed a wide antibacterial activity. Ethanolic extract of in vitro M. peregrina plantlets showed the maximum inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.
Production of Lutein-enriched Biomass by Growing Coccomyxa sp. (strain onubensis; Chlorophyta) under Spring Outdoor Conditions of Southwest Spain
Authors: Vaquero Isabel , Ruiz-DomÃ­nguez M. Carmen , Mogedas Benito , VÃ­lchez Carlos , Vega JosÃ© M
Published: August 2018

Coccomyxa sp. (strain onubensis) is an acidic environment microalga, which was grown under spring outdoor conditions of Huelva province (southwest, Spain). A 6 L pilot tubular photobioreactor was used to determine the influence of the environmental light and temperature conditions on the microalga growth and its intracellular content of carotenoids. Cloudy days supplied the adequate light intensity (maximum 1070 Î¼mol photons m-2 s-1) and temperature (maximum 32ÂºC) regimes for a biomass productivity of 0.28 g L-1 d-1 with an intracellular content of lutein (4.8 mg g-1 dry weight) and eventually Î²-carotene (0.8 mg g-1) obtained at the end of the day evening. This work supplies guidelines for a large-scale outdoor culture of Coccomyxa. sp. to supply lutein-enriched biomass, with the advantage of the growth at pH 2.5, which preserves cultures from contamination.
Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Acute Dermal Toxicity Studies of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Lawsonia Inermis in Rats
Authors: Zahi Ali Khairullah , Hamzah Hazilawati , Shaari Mohd Rosly , Widodo Riyanto Teguh , Johnny Lucy , M.M Noordin , Sithambaram Shanmugavelu
Published: August 2018

Lawsonia inermis is one of the most significant plants used in traditional medicine. However, many details of the dermal toxicity of L. inermis remain unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity of ethanolic extract of L. inermis leaves. In acute experiment, a total of 20 rats were divided into four groups of five rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six rats for the sub-acute experiment. The extract at a single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight did not produce treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in all rats tested during the 14-day observation period. However, in a repeated dose 28-day study, the application of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of body weight/day of leaves extract revealed no significant change (p > 0.05) in bodyweight, haematological and biochemical parameters compared with the control group. Similarly, gross pathology and histopathology examinations of liver, kidneys, and skin did not reveal any morphological alteration. Overall, the results show that the close application of L. inermis leaves extract did not have any critically dangerous impact on rats. Subsequently, the concentrate may be employed for pharmaceutical plans.
Detection of ALS3 and EAP1 gene expresssion in Candida albicans and Candida maltosa biofilms by FISH
Authors: Romero Danitza Xiomara , CÃ¡rdenas Oscar VÃ­ctor , Ãlvarez MarÃ­a Teresa
Published: August 2018

Biofilm is regarded as universal forms of microorganism life in aquatic and industrial wastewater systems as well as in a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health, where the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated microorganisms elicit infection diseases are still poorly understood. Candida biofilm formation is regulated by different mechanisms where adhesins play a clue role in the yeast attachment to certain surfaces. These adhesins are encoding by ALS3, HWP1 and EAP1 genes among others and they are also considered as Candida virulence factors. Methodologies use to study biofilm productions are intended to verify the biofilm composition, formation steps, tridimensional structure and might facilitate the monitoring of biofilm regarding, antibiotic resistance, degradations, inhibitors, enhanciement biofilm formation and other features. Here, FISH expression a modified method to detect gene expression in situ was used in order to detect ALS3, HWP1 and EAP1 in C. albicans and C. maltosa biofilms, constituting a useful tool to monitor biofilm formations. In this regard, ALS3 expression was identified in C. albicans and C. maltosa biofilms.
Chitosans from Rhizopus stolonifer (strain CBMAI 1551): Characterization and Dense Film Formation
Authors: Cardoso Douglas Henrique , Da ConceiÃ§Ã£o Thiago Ferreira , Giachini Admir Jose , Rossi Marcio Jose
Published: August 2018

Chitosan is a bioactive amino polymer with wide applications. Mainly derived from chitin of marine sources, its traditional production still has some drawbacks such as irregular supply, low quality of product and lack of standardization. Farther, extraction processes are time-consuming with considerable environmental impacts, an extremely non-green process. Many works have shown the possibility of producing native chitosan from Mucorales fungi, which is more easily extracted. Such process is advantageous due to low costs, process control and great possibility of high quality products. Moreover, the extraction of chitosan is faster and generates less pollutants. In this scenario, the possibility of standardized production allied with facilitated extraction and less probability of toxicological side effects from marine sources are characteristics that motivated this work. A Mucorales isolate was cultured and the chitosans Ã¢â‚¬â€œ native and semi-synthetic Ã¢â‚¬â€œ obtained through heterogeneous extraction were compared. Results show substantial differences between them. Those differences are related to the processes required for extraction, yield, productivity, and quality. This work reinforces that Mucorales fungi excel as an alternative for chitosan production.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VOLATILE OIL OF IXORA COCCINIEA AGAINST BURN ISOLATES.
Authors: Pria S , Shanmugapriya O.N.
Published: August 2018

Volatile oils are one of the groups of secondary metabolites produced by some plants. Their probable users against burn microbes have received little attention. Burn swabs obtained from ten burned patients at Government hospital, led to the isolation of bacteria using standard methods, the microorganisms were isolated. Then chloroform, methanol and aqueous extract of volatile of Ixora Cocciniea against S.aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P.vulgaris and K.pnemoniae exhibited antibacterial were found efficacious respectively.
Allelopathic potential of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. Against two crop species.
Authors: Swat Naiz , Hussain Farrukh , Barkatullah Barkatullah , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: August 2018

Allelopathic studies were conducted by using aqueous extracts from leaves, stem twigs of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl., litter and mulching in various experiments. It was seen that the germination, plumule growth, radical growth, no. and growth of seminal roots, fresh weight and dry weight of Triticum aestivum L and Brassica campestris L. were invariably significantly reduce in various bioassays. The aqueous extracts from leaves powdered were more inhibitory than stem twigs for test species Triticum aestivum Aqueous extract obtained at room temperature was more inhibitory than hot water extract. Litter and mulching experiments also proved to be inhibitory. It is suggested that various assayed parts of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl., has strong allelopathic potential at least against the tested species. Further studies are required to see its allelopathic behavior under field condition against its associated species, to identify the toxic principle, and to evalvate as biocontrol agents for weeds, insect and disease control.
COMPARITIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RHOZOBIUM INOCULUM ON IMBEDDED SEEDS AND GERMINATED SEEDS OF VIGNO MUNGO L.
Authors: Pria S , Shanmugapriya O.N.
Published: August 2018

The Rhizobium was isolated from the plant root and purified. The isolated rhizobium sample was identified based on morphological and bio chemical characterization. The result of biochemical tests showed positive result in indole test, citrate utilization test,starch hydrolysis test, urea hydrolysis test and catalase test. The isolated culture was mass multiplied and used by seed treatment like imbibed treatment and germinated treatment. After treatment the seedlings per planted separately by part culture method. The result showed that the rhizobium inoculation on the emerging radicals of one day old seedling is highly effective in nodulation and biomass production respectively
Initiation of the last ice age in Canada by extreme precipitation resulting from a cascade of oceanic salinity increases
Authors: Johnson Robert G.
Published: August 2018

Numerical modeling has failed to confirm the classical Milankovitch hypothesis of initiation of the last ice age by Northern Hemisphere high latitude cooling due to decreasing summer insolation caused by orbital effects. The modeling failed to confirm ice sheet growth even with a widespread layer of glacial ice as an initial condition to embody positive feedback. The failure probably occurred because the initial conditions of the calculation did not include the actual effects of an altered climate in northeastern Canada that brought a sharp cooling to Europe and extreme amounts of precipitation to cloud-covered lands west of Greenland. In the conceptual model proposed here, diminishing orbital summer insolation in northern Africa is causally linked to this regional climate change by a cascade of oceanic salinity changes. The summer cooling in northern Africa weakened the monsoons, reduced the Nile River flow, and increased Mediterranean salinity and outflow at Gibraltar. The salt in the outflow contributes substantially to the salinities of the North Atlantic Drift and the Greenland Sea, to the formation rate of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) there, and to the northward flow of the Spitsbergen-Atlantic Current (SAC) that replaces the sinking NADW. When the increasing salt in the Mediterranean outflow made the SAC replacement flow sufficiently strong, the flow penetrated into the polar ocean along the north coast of Greenland. Denser and more saline Atlantic water then replaced the polar water flowing southward into Baffin Bay through the Nares Strait and Lancaster Sound, thus eliminating the stratification in the bay that enables freezing of winter sea ice. Without the southward flow of sea ice out of Baffin Bay, the Labrador Sea became much warmer. The warmer seas west of Greenland then triggered a persistent cyclonic circulation that caused large amounts of precipitation in eastern Canada and a much colder northern Europe. The resulting Canadian erosion yielded a 500yr-long deep-sea sediment record of the ice-free condition. Heavy snowfall started new ice sheet growth on Baffin Island, northern Quebec, Labrador, western Greenland, and the Barents Sea, causing world sea level to fall at a rate of 0.5cmyr-1. The modern increasing salinity of the Mediterranean Sea and extension of SAC flow into the polar ocean are now following the cascade steps toward an ice-free Baffin Bay and possible near term regional climate deterioration.
Will Florida be saved?
Authors: Johnson Robert G.
Published: August 2018

The state of Florida is typical of all the low-lying densely populated coastal areas around the world that are threatened by present and future rising sea level. These coastal areas will become destructively flooded by sea level rise due to melting of the world's glacial ice if fossil fuel consumption and resulting global warming are not strongly limited. Efforts to achieve this limitation in a timely way might not be successful because of cultural inertia, opposition by vested interests, and the difficulties in developing alternative sources of renewable energy on a large scale. However, the rising sea level could be reversed to a more rapidly falling sea level at least temporarily if a previously unrecognized tipping point in the changing climate is reached in coming decades. This tipping point is the onset of rapid new glacial ice sheet growth in northeastern Canada, Greenland, and the Barents Sea. The cause would be an order of magnitude increase in regional precipitation. Much evidence for that event is found in the geological records of the initiation of the last ice age 120,000yrs ago. The precursors for a similar future event are in place and are identified in modern oceanic records. These precursors include the increasing salinity of the Mediterranean Sea and the observed increasing penetration of the Spitsbergen-Atlantic Current into the polar ocean, which suggests that the tipping point may be reached before the end of this century. If so, the flooding may occur on only a small scale. However if so, a sharp 500yr cooling would be expected in eastern Canada and northern Europe, and greenhouse warming elsewhere would continue unless fossil fuel usage is reduced. This paper supports the suggestion by Giff Miller and Anne de Vernal in a 1992 letter to Nature that global warming and an ice age may occur simultaneously.
CHALLENGE OF WATER SHORTAGE IN THE WORLD AND AZERBAIJAN AND SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL SOLUTION
Authors: Aliyev RAE. Z.H.
Published: August 2018

The rapid growth in world population and limitation of soil and water resources have caused major problem for human nutrition security in the world. only 3% of water resources are fresh water.  Accoding to the FAO report, if in the  any  country  Amount  of  fresh  water  is  less  than 1700m3   per capita, this country is faced to serous water shortage. At the present, in the 22 countries share of fresh water per capita is less than 100m3and in the 18 countries is more than 2000m3. Therefore, Azerbaijan is one of the countries which have faced serous water shortage.
A REVIEW ON DIVERSE ASPECTS OF SCHEDULE CASTES OF INDIA
Authors: R. S Medhe , Kujur Archana
Published: August 2018

This paper giving review of diverse aspects of scheduled castes in India. A brief overview of the caste system and discusses the types of groups and their social, economic, political, educational and cultural aspects too. This paper try to show the variation between developments of various group of scheduled castes. Through this paper we can say that there is region wise and caste wise variation in the process of development. Religion conversion from Hindu to other is also important factor in the process of development of scheduled castes
The combination of turnaround management, blue ocean strategies and disruptive innovation as tools in guiding companies in overcoming their recession problems and develop a long- term healthy economic performance
Authors: Andreas Karaoulanis
Published: August 2018

The contemporary financial environment creates several uncertainty obstacles for a variety of companies all over the globe. In order to be able to escape from such distress situations, companies need to develop a certain set of strategies which they should implement in the right way. Blue oceans strategy, turnaround management, disruptive innovation and strategy as simple rules are some of the core strategic approaches the author suggests in order companies to overcome crisis and sustain a long- term healthy economic performance.
Role of the Shea Industry in the Socio-economic Lives of Women in the West Mamprusi District of Northern Ghana
Authors: WaduduAdamMohammed Abdul- , Baah-Ennumh Theresa Yaaba , RahimAbdulai Abdul-
Published: August 2018

In Ghana, the shea trees grow in Upper East, Upper West and Northern Regions. The shea industry which is dominated by women has attracted the attention of researchers who investigated the value chain, the marketing and financing and the extent to which the tree can be domesticated in terms of plantation. This study examines the role of the shea in the lives of women. The research employed a case study approach to assess the role of shea in the social and economic lives of women in the study district. A purposive sampling technique was used where only women engaged in shea activities were interviewed. The women were divided into three strata namely shea pickers, shea marketers and shea processors to ensure a comparative assessment of the industryâ€Ÿs contribution to these strata of women. Institutional data were also collected from relevant agencies. In all, 66 shea operators were interviewed in each of the three study shea communities. Thus an overall total number of 198 shea operators were interviewed in the West Mamprusi District in the Northern Region in addition to six relevant institutions. The study ascertained that the shea industry plays diverse roles in the lives of women. The industry contributes significantly to providing employment and income to the women. However, In terms of income, shea processors are found to obtain more income than shea pickers. The industry also contributes to the ability of women to meet their basic needs such as food, childrenâ€Ÿs educational needs and health. These notwithstanding, there is high illiteracy among the women, poor organization, lack of properly established institutional and regulatory structures, working in dangerous conditions, and most importantly depletion of shea trees. Based on the challenges, it is recommended that, credit and finance schemes should be instituted for women in the shea industry, women groups and cooperative formation should be encouraged, capabilities of women should be enhanced through training and equipments needed in the operation of the industry should be made available to women by NGOs and other relevant organisations.