bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping oysters on the Pacific coast of North America: A coast-wide collaboration to inform enhanced conservation
Authors: Kornbluth Aaron , Perog Bryce D. , Crippen Samantha , Zacherl Danielle , Quintana Brandon , Grosholz Edwin D. , Wasson Kerstin
Published: March 2022

To conserve coastal foundation species, it is essential to understand patterns of distribution and abundance and how they change over time. We synthesized oyster distribution data across the west coast of North America to develop conservation strategies for the native Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida), and to characterize populations of the non-native Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). We designed a user-friendly portal for data entry into ArcGIS Online and collected oyster records from unpublished data submitted by oyster experts and from the published literature. We used the resulting 2,000+ records to examine spatial and temporal patterns and made an interactive web-based map publicly available. Comparing records from pre-2000 vs. post-2000, we found thatO.luridasignificantly decreased in abundance and distribution, whileM.gigasincreased significantly. Currently the distribution and abundance of the two species are fairly similar, despite one species being endemic to this region since the Pleistocene, and the other a new introduction. We mapped the networks of sites occupied by oysters based on estimates of larval dispersal distance, and found that these networks were larger in Canada, Washington, and southern California than in other regions. We recommend restoration to enhanceO.lurida, particularly within small networks, and to increase abundance where it declined. We also recommend restoring natural biogenic beds on mudflats and sandflats especially in the southern range, where native oysters are currently found most often on riprap and other anthropogenic structures. This project can serve as a model for collaborative mapping projects that inform conservation strategies for imperiled species or habitats.
Implicit GPS-based bicycle route choice model using clustering methods and a LSTM network
Authors: Magnana Lucas , Rivano Herve , Chiabaut Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Biking is gaining in popularity all around the world as a healthy and environmentally friendly mode of transportation. Urban policies tend to encourage citizens to use bicycles. This can be done by creating new cycling infrastructures, the renovation of old ones or the deployment of bike-sharing systems (BSS). These policies having a cost, understanding and predicting the behavior of cyclists has become a necessity in order to optimize them. Classical methods analyzing cyclists’ route choices use external factors and generated choice sets of paths along with a logit model to create a discrete route choice model. Nevertheless, few studies focus on the predictive capacity that this type of model can offer. In this paper, we developed a prediction-centered bicycle route choice model. Our model is created without using external factors or choice sets of paths as in the more classical methods. The idea of our method is to use deep and machine learning algorithms on GPS tracks. These algorithms learn representations from the data which replace explicit factors. To build the model, we clustered the GPS tracks using DBSCAN. The clusters allow to identify the cyclists’ preferred road segments and are used to create paths using them. A method weighting the road graph weights is developed to create paths passing through the preferred road segments of a given cluster. A LSTM is finally trained in order to retrieve a cluster from a shortest path between an origin/destination pair. Tracks created by our model are more similar to the original GPS tracks than the shortest paths or tracks generated by a prominent path computation service.
Internal conflict and prejudice-regulation: Emotional ambivalence buffers against defensive responding to implicit bias feedback
Authors: Rothman Naomi B. , Vitriol Joseph A. , Moskowitz Gordon B.
Published: March 2022

Becoming aware of bias is essential for prejudice-regulation. However, attempts to make people aware of bias through feedback often elicits defensive reactions that undermine mitigation efforts. In the present article, we introduce state emotional ambivalence—the simultaneous experience of positive and negative emotions “in the present moment”–as a buffer against defensive responding to implicit bias feedback. Two studies (N = 507) demonstrate that implicit bias feedback (vs. no feedback) increases defensiveness (rating the test as less valid, credible, and objective). However, high (vs. low) state emotional ambivalence, which was independent of bias feedback, attenuates this relationship between bias feedback and defensiveness, accounting for a larger share of the variance than negative emotions alone. In turn, this reduced defensiveness among individuals high (vs. low) in emotional ambivalence was associated with increased awareness of bias in the self and others. Results suggest that state emotional ambivalence is associated with increased bias awareness by creating a mindset in which individuals are less defensive to potentially threatening information about their own implicit racial bias. These results have important implications for research on stereotyping and prejudice, emotional ambivalence and psychological conflict, and defensiveness.
Interface shear behavior of a shaft lining concrete-high density polyethylene material under different pre-imposed normal stresses
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Chi , Zou Jiuqun
Published: March 2022

As an important part of a double-layer shaft lining in China, a polyethylene sandwich can reduce or even eliminate the constraint effect on the inner shaft lining, which is confined by the outer shaft lining, thus improving the integrity of the inner shaft lining concrete. To reveal the interface shear mechanism of the concrete-high density polyethylene (HDPE) material, a series of 16 direct shear tests were performed under high normal loads (0.6~4 MPa) with four different surface morphologies. The experimental results showed that the interfaces exhibit a clear strain-softening property during shear, and the shear strength increases linearly with increasing normal stress. Three shearing mechanisms, plowing, localized plastic deformation, and dilatancy, were observed in these experiments. The research results are of great theoretical and practical value for understanding the shear mechanism and predicting the shear strength of a shaft lining concrete-HDPE interface under high normal stress.
Improving the mental health of women intimate partner violence survivors: Findings from a realist review of psychosocial interventions
Authors: Paphitis Sharli Anne , Bentley Abigail , Asher Laura , Osrin David , Oram Sian
Published: March 2022

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent and is associated with a range of mental health problems. A broad range of psychosocial interventions have been developed to support the recovery of women survivors of IPV, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear.

Methods

Realist review following a prospectively published protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42018114207) and reported using the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards (RAMSES) guidelines.

Results

Evidence was extracted from 60 reviews and triangulated in expert consultations. Mechanisms of action were categorised as either associated with intervention design and delivery or with specific intervention components (access to resources and services; safety, control and support; increased knowledge; alterations to affective states and cognitions; improved self-management; improved family and social relations).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that psychosocial interventions to improve the mental health of women survivors of IPV have the greatest impact when they take a holistic view of the problem and provide individualised and trauma-informed support.
Maternity waiting homes utilization and associated factors among childbearing women in rural settings of Finfinnee special zone, central Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dereje Surafel , Yenus Hedija , Amare Getasew , Amare Tsegaw
Published: March 2022

Background

Maternity waiting home (MWH) is one of the strategies designed for improved access to comprehensive obstetric care for pregnant women living far from health facilities. Hence, it is vital to promote MWHs for pregnant women in Ethiopia, where most people reside in rural settings and have a high mortality rate. Therefore, this study aimed to assess MWHs utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the rural settings of Finfinnee special zone, central Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15thOctober to 20thNovember 2019 among women who gave birth in the last six months before data collection. Multistage random sampling was employed among 636 women from six rural kebeles to collect data through a face-to-face interview. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted, and a 95% confidence level with a p-value <0.05 was used to determine the level and significance of the association.

Results

Overall, MWHs utilization was 34.0% (30.3% - 37.7%). The higher age (AOR: 4.77; 95% CI: 2.76–8.24), career women (AOR: 0.39 95% CI: 0.20–0.74), non-farmer husband (AOR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14–0.55), rich women (AOR:1.84; 95% CI: 1.12–3.02), living greater than 60 minutes far from a health facility (AOR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.16–2.80), and four and more livebirths (AOR: 5.72; 95% CI: 1.53–21.35) significantly associated with MWHs utilization. The common services provided were latrine, bedding, and health professional checkups with 98.2%, 96.8%, and 75.4%, respectively. Besides, feeding service was provided by 39.8%. The primary reason not to use MWHs was the absence of enough information on MWHs.

Conclusion

One-third of the women who delivered within the last six months utilized MWHs in the Finfinnee special zone. Our results support the primary purpose of MWHs, that women far from the health facility are more likely to utilize MWHs, but lack of adequate information is the reason not to use MWHs. Therefore, it is better to promote MWHs to fill the information gap among women with geographical barriers to reach health facilities.
Self-assembled nanoparticle-enzyme aggregates enhance functional protein production in pure transcription-translation systems
Authors: Thakur Meghna , Breger Joyce C. , Susumu Kimihiro , Oh Eunkeu , Spangler Joseph R. , Medintz Igor L. , Walper Scott A. , Ellis Gregory A.
Published: March 2022

Cell-free protein synthesis systems (CFPS) utilize cellular transcription and translation (TX-TL) machinery to synthesize proteins in vitro. These systems are useful for multiple applications including production of difficult proteins, as high-throughput tools for genetic circuit screening, and as systems for biosensor development. Though rapidly evolving, CFPS suffer from some disadvantages such as limited reaction rates due to longer diffusion times, significant cost per assay when using commercially sourced materials, and reduced reagent stability over prolonged periods. To address some of these challenges, we conducted a series of proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate enhancement of CFPS productivity via nanoparticle assembly driven nanoaggregation of its constituent proteins. We combined a commercially available CFPS that utilizes purified polyhistidine-tagged (His-tag) TX-TL machinery with CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) known to readily coordinate His-tagged proteins in an oriented fashion. We show that nanoparticle scaffolding of the CFPS cross-links the QDs into nanoaggregate structures while enhancing the production of functional recombinant super-folder green fluorescent protein and phosphotriesterase, an organophosphate hydrolase; the latter by up to 12-fold. This enhancement, which occurs by an undetermined mechanism, has the potential to improve CFPS in general and specifically CFPS-based biosensors (faster response time) while also enabling rapid detoxification/bioremediation through point-of-concern synthesis of similar catalytic enzymes. We further show that such nanoaggregates improve production in diluted CFPS reactions, which can help to save money and extend the amount of these costly reagents. The results are discussed in the context of what may contribute mechanistically to the enhancement and how this can be applied to other CFPS application scenarios.
Patella-patellar tendon angle in relation to the medial patellar plica syndrome, chondromalacia patella, and infrapatellar fat pad syndrome
Authors: Kim Taeho , Kim Jin Kyem , Lee Hong Seon , Kim Dong Kyu
Published: March 2022

The patella-patellar tendon angle (PPTA) assessing the sagittal patellar tilt was reported to be related with anterior knee pain. Herein, clinical effect of PPTA in patients with medial patellar plica (MPP) syndrome, chondromalacia patella, and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) syndrome, the most common causes of anterior knee pain, was evaluated. In this retrospective study, 156 patients with anterior knee pain who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopic surgery that confirmed isolated MPP syndrome, chondromalacia patella, or IPFP syndrome from June 2011 to January 2021 were included in the study group and 118 patients without knee pathology on MRI during the same period were included in the control group. The PPTA was measured on knee MRI and compared between the two groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the value of PPTA for predicting the risk of patellofemoral joint disorder. The mean PPTA was significantly smaller in study group (138.1 ± 4.2°) than control group (142.1 ± 4.3°) (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in PPTA among the patients with MPP syndrome, chondromalacia patella, and IPFP syndrome. Furthermore, the ROC analysis revealed that the area under curve, sensitivity, and specificity for predicting the risk of patellofemoral joint disorders were 0.696, 70.3% and 57.6%, respectively, at a PPTA cutoff of 138.3°. Therefore, the smaller PPTA may be associated with MPP syndrome, chondromalacia patella, and IPFP syndrome. Furthermore, PPTA could be a predictive factor for the risk of patellofemoral joint disease in patients with anterior knee pain.
Virulome and genome analyses identify associations between antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in highly drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from veal calves
Authors: Haley Bradd J. , Kim Seon Woo , Salaheen Serajus , Hovingh Ernest , Van Kessel Jo Ann S.
Published: March 2022

Food animals are known reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR)Escherichia coli, but information regarding the factors influencing colonization by these organisms is lacking. Here we report the genomic analysis of 66 MDRE.coliisolates from non-redundant veal calf fecal samples. Genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines were the most frequent antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) detected and included those that confer resistance to clinically significant antibiotics (blaCMY-2,blaCTX-M,mph(A),erm(B),aac(6’)Ib-cr, andqnrS1). Co-occurrence analyses indicated that multiple ARGs significantly co-occurred with each other, and with metal and biocide resistance genes (MRGs and BRGs). Genomic analysis also indicated that the MDRE.coliisolated from veal calves were highly diverse. The most frequently detected genotype was phylogroup A-ST Cplx 10. A high percentage of isolates (50%) were identified as sequence types that are the causative agents of extra-intestinal infections (ExPECs), such as ST69, ST410, ST117, ST88, ST617, ST648, ST10, ST58, and ST167, and an appreciable number of these isolates encoded virulence factors involved in the colonization and infection of the human urinary tract. There was a significant difference in the presence of multiple accessory virulence factors (VFs) between MDR and susceptible strains. VFs associated with enterohemorrhagic infections, such asstx,tir, andeae, were more likely to be harbored by antimicrobial-susceptible strains, while factors associated with extraintestinal infections such as thesitsystem, aerobactin, andpapfimbriae genes were more likely to be encoded in resistant strains. A comparative analysis of SNPs between strains indicated that several closely related strains were recovered from animals on different farms indicating the potential for resistant strains to circulate among farms. These results indicate that veal calves are a reservoir for a diverse group of MDRE.colithat harbor various resistance genes and virulence factors associated with human infections. Evidence of co-occurrence of ARGs with MRGs, BRGs, and iron-scavenging genes (sitand aerobactin) may lead to management strategies for reducing colonization of resistant bacteria in the calf gut.
Center backs work hardest when playing in a back three: The influence of tactical formation on physical and technical match performance in professional soccer
Authors: Forcher Leon , Forcher Leander , Jekauc Darko , Woll Alexander , Gross Timo , Altmann Stefan
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether tactical formation affects the physical and technical match performance of professional soccer players in the first German Bundesliga. From official match data of the Bundesliga season 2018/19, physical (total distance, high-intensity distance, sprinting distance, accelerations, maximum velocity) and technical performance (short/middle/long passes, dribblings, ball-possessions) of players were analyzed. Players were categorized into five playing positions (center back, full back, central midfielder, wide midfielder, forward) and teams into eight different tactical formations (4-4-2, 4-4-2 diamond, 4-2-2-2, 4-3-3, 4-5-1, 4-2-3-1, 3-4-3, 3-5-2). Results revealed that the degree to which tactical formation affects match performance is position dependent. In terms of physical performance, center backs and full backs showed highest sprinting distances when playing in a formation with only three defenders in the back row (3-4-3, 3-5-2) compared to all other formations (ES range: 0.13≤ES≤1.27). Regarding technical performance, all positions except forwards displayed fewer short passes, middle passes and ball-possessions in the formations 4-3-3 and 4-2-3-1 compared to all other formations (0.02≤ES≤1.19). In conclusion, physical and technical performance of center backs, full backs and wide midfielders differed markedly between the tactical formations. Conversely, the physical and technical performance of central midfielders and forwards only showed small differences between the different tactical formations. These findings can help coaches scheduling their practice. For example, if a coach wants to change the playing formation, he can anticipate the physical and technical match performance changes depending on the respective playing position.
A systematic review of factors affecting wildlife survival during rehabilitation and release
Authors: Cope Holly R. , McArthur Clare , Dickman Christopher R. , Newsome Thomas M. , Gray Rachael , Herbert Catherine A.
Published: March 2022

Millions of native animals around the world are rescued and rehabilitated each year by wildlife rehabilitators. Triage and rehabilitation protocols need to be robust and evidence-based, with outcomes consistently recorded, to promote animal welfare and better understand predictors of wildlife survival. We conducted a global systematic review and meta-analysis of 112 articles that reported survival rates of native mammals and birds during rehabilitation and after release to determine intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with their survival. We assessed survival during rehabilitation and in the short- and long-term post-release, with the hypothesis that survival will vary as a function of species body size, diel activity pattern, trophic level and study location (region of the world). We aimed to determine the direction of effect of these factors on survival to assist in decision-making during triage and rehabilitation. Results showed that mammals and birds were equally likely to survive all stages of rehabilitation, and survival rates varied between locations. Birds in North America had the poorest survival rates post-release, particularly long-term, as did diurnal and carnivorous birds in the short-term post-release. Anthropogenic factors such as motor vehicle collisions and domestic or feral animal attack contributed to morbidity and post-release mortality in 45% (168 of 369) of instances. The reasons for rescue and associated severity of diagnosis were commonly reported to affect the likelihood of survival to release, but factors affecting survival were often species-specific, including bodyweight, age, and characteristics of the release location. Therefore, evidence-based, species-specific, and context-specific protocols need to be developed to ensure wildlife survival is maximised during rehabilitation and post-release. Such protocols are critical for enabling rapid, efficient rescue programs for wildlife following natural disasters and extreme weather events which are escalating globally, in part due to climate change.
The use of early warning system scores in prehospital and emergency department settings to predict clinical deterioration: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guan Gigi , Lee Crystal Man Ying , Begg Stephen , Crombie Angela , Mnatzaganian George
Published: March 2022

Background

It is unclear which Early Warning System (EWS) score best predicts in-hospital deterioration of patients when applied in the Emergency Department (ED) or prehospital setting.

Methods

This systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis assessed the predictive abilities of five commonly used EWS scores (National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and its updated version NEWS2, Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), Rapid Acute Physiological Score (RAPS), and Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage (CART)). Outcomes of interest included admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and 3-to-30-day mortality following hospital admission. Using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models, pooled estimates were calculated according to the EWS score cut-off points, outcomes, and study setting. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-regressions investigated between-study heterogeneity. Funnel plots tested for publication bias. The SR is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020191254).

Results

Overall, 11,565 articles were identified, of which 20 were included. In the ED setting, MEWS, and NEWS at cut-off points of 3, 4, or 6 had similar pooled diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) to predict 30-day mortality, ranging from 4.05 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.35–6.99) to 6.48 (95% CI 1.83–22.89), p = 0.757. MEWS at a cut-off point ≥3 had a similar DOR when predicting ICU admission (5.54 (95% CI 2.02–15.21)). MEWS ≥5 and NEWS ≥7 had DORs of 3.05 (95% CI 2.00–4.65) and 4.74 (95% CI 4.08–5.50), respectively, when predicting 30-day mortality in patients presenting with sepsis in the ED. In the prehospital setting, the EWS scores significantly predicted 3-day mortality but failed to predict 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

EWS scores’ predictability of clinical deterioration is improved when the score is applied to patients treated in the hospital setting. However, the high thresholds used and the failure of the scores to predict 30-day mortality make them less suited for use in the prehospital setting.
Alternative to ZnO to establish balanced intestinal microbiota for weaning piglets
Authors: Juhász Ákos , Molnár-Nagy Viviána , Bata Zsófia , Tso Ko-Hua , Mayer Zoltán , Posta Katalin
Published: March 2022

A wide range of phytobiotic feed additives are available on the market claiming to have beneficial effects on the growth of the host animal and to promote the development of a balanced microflora. The present study investigated the effects of the phytobiotic-prebiotic mixture of curcumin, wheat germ, and chicory on the growth performance and on the intestinal microflora composition of weaning piglets. Post weaning diarrhea causes significant losses for the producers, most commonly it is prevented by feeding high doses of zinc oxide (ZnO). The effect of a phytobiotic-prebiotic feed additive (1 kg T-1) was compared to a positive control (3.1 kg T-1 ZnO) and to a negative control (no feed supplement) in an in vivo animal trial. There was no significant difference in the final body weight and average daily gain of the trial and positive control groups, and both groups showed significantly (P<0.05) better results than the negative control. The feed conversion ratio of the phytobiotic-prebiotic supplemented group was significantly improved (P<0.05) compared to both controls. Both phytobiotic-prebiotic mixture and ZnO were able to significantly reduce (P<0.05) the amount of coliforms after weaning, even though ZnO reduced the amount of coliforms more efficiently than the trial feed additive, it also reduced the amount of potentially beneficial bacteria. Metagenomic data also corroborated the above conclusion. In the trial and positive control groups, the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae decreased by 85 and 88% between 3 weeks and 6 weeks of age, while in the negative control group a slight increase occurred. Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in the trial group (29.98%) than in the positive (8.67%) or in the negative (22.45%) control groups at 6 weeks of age. In summary, this study demonstrated that a phytobiotic-prebiotic feed additive may be a real alternative to ZnO for the prevention of post weaning diarrhea and promote the development of a balanced gut system.
Does the Locally-Adaptive Model of Archaeological Potential (LAMAP) work for hunter-gatherer sites? A test using data from the Tanana Valley, Alaska
Authors: Rondeau Rob , Carleton W. Christopher , Collard Mark , Driver Jonathan
Published: March 2022

We report an assessment of the ability of the Locally-Adaptive Model of Archaeological Potential (LAMAP) to estimate archaeological potential in relation to hunter-gatherer sites. The sample comprised 182 known sites in the Tanana Valley, Alaska, which was occupied solely by hunter-gatherers for about 14,500 years. To estimate archaeological potential, we employed physiographic variables such as elevation and slope, rather than variables that are known to vary on short time scales, like vegetation cover. Two tests of LAMAP were carried out. In the first, we used the location of a random selection of 90 sites from all time periods to create a LAMAP model. We then evaluated the model with the remaining 92 sites. In the second test, we built a LAMAP model from 12 sites that pre-date 10,000 cal BP. This model was then tested with sites that post-date 10,000 cal BP. In both analyses, areas predicted to have higher archaeological potential contained higher frequencies of validation sites. The performance of LAMAP in the two tests was comparable to its performance in previous tests using archaeological sites occupied by agricultural societies. Thus, the study extends the use of LAMAP to the task of estimating archaeological potential of landscapes in relation to hunter-gatherer sites.
Does grandchild care affect ageing satisfaction? Findings based on a nationally representative longitudinal study
Authors: Quirke Eleanor , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study seeks to explore the association between grandchild care and Attitudes Towards Own Ageing, assessing whether the commencement of, or ceasing, grandchild care is associated with changes in grandparents’ perspectives on ageing.

Methods

Longitudinal data were drawn from a population-based sample of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥40 years in Germany. The Attitudes Toward Own Ageing subscale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Moral Scale (PGCMS) was used to measure Attitudes Towards Own Ageing. To determine whether respondents provided grandchild care, respondents were asked “I’d now like to go on to learn more about your activities and pastimes. Do you supervise other people’s children privately, e.g. your grandchildren, or the children of siblings, neighbors, friends or acquaintances?” Symmetric and asymmetric linear fixed effects regressions were used to assess within-person changes longitudinally.

Results

No statistically significant association between providing care for grandchildren and Attitudes Towards Own Ageing was found. Significant associations were found between Attitudes Towards Own Ageing and employment status. Namely, retirement was associated with more positive Attitudes Towards Own Ageing (β = 0.57, p < .001), as was not being employed (β = 0.57, p < .001). A significant association between self-rated health and Attitudes Towards Own Ageing was also found (β = -0.06, p < .001), with poorer self-rated health associated with more negative Attitudes Towards Own Ageing.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that undertaking grandchild care does not shape Attitudes Towards Own Ageing. As our findings did not align with existing evidence on the associations between grandchild caregiving and measures of subjective ageing, further research is required.
Use and perceptions on reusable and non-reusable menstrual products in Spain: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Medina-Perucha Laura , López-Jiménez Tomàs , Holst Anna Sofie , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , Munrós-Feliu Jordina , Martínez-Bueno Cristina , Valls-Llobet Carme , Pinzón Sanabria Diana , Vicente-Hernández Mª Mercedes , Berenguera Anna
Published: March 2022

Background

Menstrual products are necessary goods for women and people who menstruate to manage menstruation. Understanding the use and perceptions of menstrual products is key to promote menstrual equity and menstrual health. This study aimed at assessing the use and perceptions on menstrual products among women and people who menstruate aged 18–55 in Spain.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was conducted, including a cross-sectional study (N = 22,823), and a qualitative study (N = 34).

Results

Participants used a combination of products. Non-reusable products were the most used, while over half used reusable products. Usage changed when data were stratified by age, gender identification, completed education, country of birth and experiencing financial issues. It also varied between trans and cis participants. Menstrual products’ use also shifted based on experiences of menstrual poverty and access to information and products. Overall, reusable products were perceived to be more acceptable than non-reusable. Barriers to use the menstrual cup were also identified, including experiences of menstrual inequity (e.g., menstrual poverty, lack of access to information or menstrual management facilities).

Conclusion

Perceptions and choices of menstrual products need to be acknowledged, especially when designing and implementing menstrual policies to address menstrual inequity and menstrual health.
Cointegration FDI to Economy Growth
Authors: Sudibyo Ivan
Published: March 2022

The contribution of foreign direct investment to economic growth is perhaps one of the most studied topics in academic research over the past five decades. However, few studies have examined both the short-term and long-term effects of this impact on developing and emerging markets, particularly during times of economic uncertainty including the financial crisis. This paper examines the relevant quantitative evidence on the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on economic growth by the regression method and the Johansen cointegration test.
Turbulent Kinetic Energy Analysis of NACA0012 and NACA0018 Airfoils at Two Reynolds Number Using CFD Tool
Authors: Shabur Md. , Asif Hasan Khan Md. , Shamim Rayhan Md.
Published: March 2022

To improve the design and performance of an airfoil, its aerodynamic properties must be studied properly. The turbulence kinetic energy of two symmetric airfoils (NACA 0018 and NACA 0012) was investigated in this study at two separate Reynolds numbers of 300,000 and 700,000. This computational simulation work presented in this paper yields some interesting results. The distribution of turbulence kinetic energy across both airfoils at various angles of attack and under two different airstream velocities is illustrated in this paper. Due to flow separation, there has been a significant amount of turbulence observed after the stall angle. The final results show that the NACA 0018 airfoil produces significantly more turbulence than the NACA 0012 airfoil. And it happens because as the thickness of the airfoil increases, there is more friction with the air particle. In the second comparison, in terms of Reynolds number or airstream velocity, higher velocity produces more turbulence, as shown by the red zone in this paper. As turbulence is always expected to be as low as possible in aircraft, it is recommended to use NACA 0012 airfoil in aircraft applications and NACA 0018 airfoil usage in horizontal or vertical axis wind turbine applications where turbulence is of less importance.
Integralidade do cuidado
Authors: Mezaroba Ernanda , Camargo Garcia Marja , Scortegagna da Cunha Natássia , Da Silva Neiva , Rodrigues Araujo Bárbara , Wander Bonamigo Andréa
Published: March 2022

A integralidade, princípio norteador do Sistema Único de Saúde, preconiza a resolutividade das ações em saúde considerando o indivíduo no seu contexto social, cultural e psicológico. Este relato de experiência objetiva relatar práticas que buscam prestar assistência integral à saúde por meio da articulação entre os serviços de baixa e média complexidade, em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. As práticas iniciaram após reflexão realizada pela equipe de gestão da Rede de Atenção à Saúde – RAS sobre aspectos da organização e planejamento dos serviços, na qual identificaram-se falhas significativas nos processos de trabalho. As atividades, desenvolvidas por enfermeiras alocadas em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento, buscaram enfrentamento à fragmentação do sistema, desempenhando ações voltadas para promoção da integração, articulação e sinergia entre serviços da RAS. Durante o processo de implementação e desenvolvimento das atividades, identificaram-se entraves e facilitadores. Dentre os entraves destacaram-se: falta de conhecimento dos trabalhadores quanto aos serviços disponíveis; lacunas entre a política preconizada e as práticas dos serviços; clínica voltada apenas para doença; percepção reduzida do profissional sobre o cuidado integral; relações que carecem de simetria entre usuários e trabalhadores de saúde; agendas médicas na APS superlotadas; recursos humanos insuficientes; queixas de pacientes subestimadas; e inexistência de fluxo de referenciamento e contrarreferenciamento na RAS. Com relação às facilidades, constataram-se: comunicação efetiva; troca de experiências; aprendizado; cooperação; trabalho em conjunto e; ampliação da visão de profissionais da RAS quanto a necessidade de articulação. Evidenciam-se avanços na superação do modelo fragmentado, na aproximação entre os serviços de saúde e na ampliação do olhar voltado ao paciente em sua totalidade, possibilitando instituir ações que asseguram a integralidade no cuidado.
Modelo lógico e matriz de julgamento para apreciação dos Serviços Farmacêuticos na Atenção Primária em Saúde Brasileira
Authors: Cano Pereira Nathalia , Lucia Luiza Vera , Villarinho Pereira Mendes Luiz , Sarmento Costa Karen
Published: March 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar a elaboração de dois instrumentos avaliativos - o modelo lógico (MLog) e a matriz de julgamento (MJul) destinados a mensurar o nível de implementação dos Serviços Farmacêuticos na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil – APS. Os dados do estudo fonte “Assistência Farmacêutica nas Redes de Atenção à Saúde: um Recorte nas Regiões do Projeto Qualisus-Rede” desenvolvido pelo Ministério da Saúde e o Banco Mundial de 2013 a 2015. Foi utilizado com orientador na construção dos instrumentos. O MLog envolveu a adaptação de modelo preexistente, análise crítica do estudo fonte, análise documental e reunião com especialistas. A elaboração da MJul se deu a partir do julgamento dos especialistas acerca da relevância de cada componente do MLog, o que, juntamente com dados de literatura, possibilitou subsidiar a formulação dos indicadores e demais critérios. O MLog final possui 9 componentes, sendo 4 na dimensão gestão do medicamento, 4 na gestão do cuidado e 1 transversal, 22 atividades, 21 produtos, 17 resultados imediatos e 12 resultados intermediários. Estudos avaliativos são estratégicos não apenas para implementação das políticas farmacêutica, mas também para consolidação da APS. Ao descrever as etapas de elaboração de um instrumento avaliativo, o presente estudo não apenas propõe indicadores adaptados à gestão atual dos serviços farmacêuticos no Brasil, mas também possibilita facilmente a adaptação desse instrumento a qualquer outro contexto.
Kemiskinan Multi Dimensi dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Indonesia
Authors: Fuady M Rafi Farrel , Fuady Mirza , Aulia Fahmi
Published: March 2022

Masalah kemiskinan merupakan persoalan yang umum dihadapi oleh hampir semua wilayah di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Hasil kajian beberapa penelitian menunjukkan masalah  kemiskinan  umumnya  berhubungan  dengan  beberapa  faktor seperti  kualitas  sumber  daya  manusia  dan  pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dimana menurunnya kualitas sumber daya manusia dan pertumbuhan ekonomi pada suatu wilayah akan berdampak negatif naiknya tingkat kemiskinan, begitupula sebaliknya. Berdasarkan  data  dari BPS diketahui bahwa  pertumbuhan ekonomi dan indeks  pembangunan  manusia   di Indonesia terus meningkat, namun angka kemiskinan tidak turun secara signifikan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk  mengetahui  dan mendeskripsikan hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan indeks pembangunan manusia dengan kemiskinan. Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan  mengumpulkan  dan menganalisis data terkait   kemiskinan, indeks pembangunan manusia dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia dan menjadikannya sebagai rujukan untuk memahami hubungan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan indeks pembangunan manusia dengan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun angka pertumbuhan ekonomi dan indeks pembangunan manusia semakin baik, namun masih banyak indikator kemiskinan di Indonesia yang belum membaik. Hal tersebut berdampak lambatnya proses menurunkan angka kemiskinan di Indonesia. Untuk itu pendekatan multidimensi dalam mengukur kemiskinan diharapkan dapat mengatasi kekurangan tersebut dan mendukung terciptanya kebijakan yang lebih baik dalam mengatasi kemiskinan di Indonesia.
Bioecological features of Nigella sativa L. in different conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: Mahmudov A V , Abduraimov O S , Erdonov Sh B , Gayibov U G , Izotova L Yu
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the study of bio-ecological features of black caraway (kalonji) in different conditions of introduction. The analysis of the periods of ontogenesis, the biology of flowering, fruiting (seed productivity) in different conditions of Uzbekistan was carried out. By results of phenological researches the differences of terms of phases of the vegetative period and its turn, by morphometric parameters are revealed. Emergence of buds in Nigella sativa under conditions of introduction is observed in the first decade of May, sometimes in the middle of May, depending on weather conditions of the year. The earliest flowering was on 18.05, the latest on 29.05. Fruiting takes place in early June to late June. The end of the growing season is observed in late June-early July. The duration of vegetation in Malguzar is 130-35 days, while in Botanical Garden it is 135-145 days. The real seed production per plant averages 51.9±3.94 in Botanical Garden conditions and 42.5±2.10 in Malguzar.
An empirical formula development to predict suspended sediment load for Khour Al-Zubair port, South of Iraq
Authors: Dakheel Ahmed A. , Al-Aboodi Ali H. , Abbas Sarmad A.
Published: March 2022

A new formula for determining the suspended sediment load in Khour Al-Zubair port has been proposed using dimensional analysis. Six cross-sections have been identified in Khour Al-Zubair port at Basrah province, South of Iraq for the purpose of conducting field measurements during the two tidal periods (Neap and Spring). The study involved taking field measurements of the hydraulic and fluid properties, and sediment sampling by section every 2 h to get effective parameters used for developing empirical formula. These parameters include the density of sediment (ρs), mean velocity (V), hydraulic radius (Rh), fall velocity of the particle (Ws), median grain size (d50), the salinity of water (S), water level (WL), the width of the estuary (B), specific gravity (Gs), maximum flow depth (Dmax), and kinematics viscosity (ν). The formula was developed using the statistical analysis using the SPSS program and dimensional analysis method. A good agreement between the loads computed by the suggested formula and the observed data has been attained based on the correlation coefficient value (R= 0.97). The results showed that the average total suspended sediment loads by using the proposed formula is 1288285.464 tons/year.
Future short-term estimation of flowrate of the Euphrates river catchment located in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq through using weather data and statistical downscaling model
Authors: Kareem Hayder H. , Alkatib Aseel A.
Published: March 2022

The issue of global warming has negatively affected the global climate, which caused a decrease in the amount of precipitation and a significant increase in temperatures and evaporation rates. Iraq suffers from poor rainfall, which exacerbates the problem of declining water levels in rivers and the drying up of some tributaries. The Euphrates river, which passes through the eastern side of the Al-Najaf Governorate, is the case study in the current research. A statistical downscaling model is created for rainfall data from 2010 to 2020 with the aim of predicting the future precipitation biennially from 2022 to 2028. The model is calibrated and reflects close results with observations with high accuracy and reliability. The future precipitation levels are transformed after multiplying these levels by the total surface areas of the Euphrates river and its tributaries, and the value of future flowrates to be added to the Euphrates river is estimated. The results showed that the Euphrates river will receive a flowrate of 1,535,945 m3 in 2026, which is the highest value when compared with the values of flowrate for the years 2022, 2024, and 2028, which are estimated at 1,475,072, 1,456,037, and 1,378,403 m3, respectively.
Cutting forces during drilling of a SiCp reinforced Al-7075 matrix composite
Authors: Ficici Ferit
Published: March 2022

In this study, an Al-7075 matrix alloy reinforced and by 5, 10, and 15 wt% silicon carbides were produced as a composite material using the stir casting method. An investigation of the hardness, density, and microstructure of the matrix alloy and the composite materials was conducted. The following instruments were used for the microstructure studies: optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The machinability behavior of the produced composite materials was investigated by using the drilling method with a three-axis computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling center. High-speed steel (HSS) and titanium nitride (TN)-coated HSS drill bits were used in the machinability tests. As drilling process cutting conditions three different feed rates (FRs) of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mm·rev−1 and three different cutting velocities (CVs) 15, 20, and 25 m·min−1 were applied. The effects of cutting conditions such as FR, CV, reinforcement phase ratio, and cutting tool type on cutting forces such as thrust force (TF) and torque (TQ) in the drilling process were studied in detail. According to the experimental results, TF and TQ decreased with the increase in the CV and increased with the increase in the FR.
Modeling and simulation of tensile properties of r-LDPE/GSF composite using the response surface methododology
Authors: Government Rabboni Mike , Okeke Edozie Thompson , Ibrahim Ibrahim Adamu , Onukwuli Okechukwu Dominic
Published: March 2022

In this study, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (ELG) and tensile modulus (TEM) of a recycled low-density polyethylene groundnut shell fiber composite (r-LDPE/GSF) were modeled and simulated when considered particle size (PS) and fiber content (FC) of groundnut shell fiber (GSF) by applying response surface techniques (RSM) for structural application. The deposit of recycled low-density polyethylene (r-LDPE) and GSF, an agro-waste, were combined in the production of r-LDPE/GSF composite at PS of 50–70 mesh (300–212 µm) and FC of 10–30 wt% of the GSF. The manufactured r-LDPE/GSF composite was tested for UTS, ELG and TEM and optimized by considering these process variables of GSF, PS and FC with RSM. The outcome indicated that at optimum condition, the UTS, ELG and TEM were 8.5072 MPa, 12.83% and 0.94007 GPa, respectively. The parameters at this point were PS and FC of 60.48 mesh (250 µm) and 30 wt%, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R
2) was close to 0.99. The percentage of relative errors between raw experimental reading and the RSM was <0.16. Based on the result of the work, the predicted RSM data on tensile properties of r-LDPE/GSF composite shows that is a potential engineering material for structural application.
Rutinas de salud y síntomas emocionales en adultos durante el aislamiento social
Authors: MORENO TOCHIHUITL MARICARMEN , Rodríguez-Santamaría Yari , Juárez-Medina Liliana Leticia , Márquez-Vargas Patricia Marisol , Cadena-Santos Francisco , Lerma-Valdez Adriana
Published: March 2022

El aislamiento social como medida de seguridad ha obligado a modificar rutinas familiares, favoreciendo la presencia de condiciones como estrés, ansiedad y depresión. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre las rutinas de salud familiar y síntomas emocionales (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) en adultos de la frontera durante el aislamiento social. El diseño fue descriptivo y correlacional, donde se aplicaron encuestas online a 149 participantesvoluntarios. Se encontraron puntuaciones altas de rutinas de salud (M = 80.74, DE = 7.92), y los participantes más jóvenes reportaron más síntomas emocionales (M = 14.86, DE = 14.38). Además, se encontró una relación negativa de las rutinas de salud con los síntomas de ansiedad (r = -0.236, p < 0.01) y sintomatología depresiva (r = -0.191, p < 0.05). Se concluye que a medida que existen mejores rutinas de salud en torno a las necesidades familiares, menor es la presencia de síntomas emocionales durante el aislamiento.