bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of Debt Collection Legal Regulation
Authors: Белобабченко Марина , Belobabchenko Marina
Published: October 2016

The subject of this article is the regulations adopted on 21 June 2016 State Duma of the Russian Federation and entered into force on 3 July 2016 the Federal law No. 230-FZ “On Protection of Rights and Legitimate Interests of Individuals with the Implementation of Overdue Debts and on Amendments to the Federal Law “On Microfinance Performance and Microfinance Organizations”. The author analyzes the effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework governing the activities of organizations to collect overdue debts of individuals. It should be stated that the existing rules do not ensure protection of the rights and interests of individuals in arrears on consumer loans from illegal actions of collectors and at the same time do not regulate the legal framework within which collectors must perform. The current regulatory framework does not provide the balance of the interests of debtors and collection agencies. All these led to the need for a special law to regulate the activities of collection agencies. The adopted Law sets the mandatory state registration of organizations whose primary activity is the collection of debts. It defines the requirements both to the organization (in terms of charter capital and the order of formation) and to its employees when they undertake activities on debt collection. The law has a number of controversial provisions, which are considered by the author of the article; however, in whole a positive evaluation is given.
The Place of Budget Expenditures in System of Financial Law
Authors: Пятковская Юлия , Pyatkovskaya Yuliya
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to the determination of place of the norms regulating budgetary costs of the system of financial law, which has important theoretical and practical significant. The author emphasizes the need for a systematic approach in addressing the issue of the construction of an effective mechanism for legal regulation of budget expenditures. Various points of view on the place of institute of budget expenditures in the system of financial law, expressed in the Soviet and modern science of financial law, are analyzed. It is proposed to include the state and municipal revenues, state and municipal expenditures, state and municipal loans in the special part of the financial law. Budget Law is considered as a complex sub-sector of financial law. The article concludes that the norms regulating the budgetary costs are included in the sub-sector of financial law “state and local expenditures” as also are the part of the complex sub-sector of financial law “budget law”.
Disciplinary Responsibility of Employees of State Corporations, State Companies for Violation of Duties and Failure to Bans with the Restrictions in Russian Law as a Measure of Combating Corruption
Authors: Ломакина Любовь , Lomakina Lyubov
Published: October 2016

The article examines the disciplinary responsibility of employees of the state corporations and the state companies under Russian law as a measure of combating corruption. Responsibilities and common prohibitions for persons occupying positions in Federal public service were imposed on employees of state corporations and public companies, working on the basis of an employment contract, to implement the provisions of the UN Convention against corruption 2003 and to establish a unified system of prohibitions and restrictions that ensure the prevention of corruption in the Russian Federation. There is a new rule providing for disciplinary action for neglect of duty and violation of the prohibitions specified employees in the Labour code of the Russian Federation. Establishing at the legislative level the features of labour regulation of employees of state corporations and state companies and as a consequence disciplinary responsibility for non-compliance is caused by specifics of activities of state corporations and state companies, established by the Russian Federation to perform the tasks assigned to Federal government agencies.
Jus Puniendi as the First Stage of the Genesis of Law
Authors: Корсаков Константин , Korsakov Konstantin
Published: October 2016

There is a consideration of genesis and specificity of one of the historically known varieties of law. That is jus puniendi (archaic law) on the pre-state stage of development of society and human civilization in legal, anthropological and cultural aspects. A critical analysis of some of the most common legal science’ point of view and approach to the description and explanation of this form of normative regulation of human behavior are shown and presented. Conclusions both as the causes and the conditions of emergence and as socio-legal nature of this type of law are formulated. The author differentiates this type of law from customary law and offers to name it not a rudimentary or primitive law, but jus puniendi of primitive pre-state era. It is concluded that the system of prohibitions-taboo was not only one of the conditions of functioning of the emerging social system, but also the key to man´s passage from a natural state to social and punitive law has become an element of the emergence of legal culture and the emergence of the latter marked the border between an animal herd and a human society.
Real Served Term in Case of Parole: Problems of Determination
Authors: Долотов Руслан , Dolotov Ruslan
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to the practice of parole. The main goal of the study is to determine if is it properly to include a period of house arrest in six months term of imprisonment, necessary for the creation of the right to parole. The article proves that in practice they judge from the following conclusion: as the period of house arrest is included in the period of detention, and the detention period is included in the term of imprisonment, so when a real served term for parole is determined it is necessary to include in it the period of house arrest. The author explains that such conclusion is flawed since it is based on a dogmatic rather than systemic interpretation of the Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation without understanding the role which plays set by the legislator six months term in case of parole in the system of criminal law measures.
Individualization of Punishment Taking into Account the Nature and Degree of Public Danger
Authors: Воронин Вячеслав , Voronin Vyacheslav
Published: October 2016

Part 3 of article 60 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation refers to the common criteria of individualization of punishment the nature and degree of public danger of committed crime in each criminal case. The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal practice of this provision, as well as the construction of clarification on the issue of taking into consideration the public danger, which will be useful for the judiciary. For this purpose the author supposes to solve following problems: analysis of dogmatic ideas about the nature and degree of public danger; search for factors that courts consider in determining public danger in judicial practice; analysis of the survey data of judges from different regions of the country. As a result the author concludes that the nature of public danger depends on the object of the offense and cannot influence on individualization of punishment, because it was considered by the legislator when constructing the corresponding article of the Special Part and therefore should be excluded from Part 3 of art. 60 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Degree of public danger when individualizing is determined subject to the objective and subjective elements of a crime. The author proposed to make recommendations on considering into account degree of public danger in the judgment 22.12.2015 No. 58 adopted by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation “On practice of criminal sentencing by courts of the Russian Federation”.
The Recognition and Justification of Russia´s Sovereignty over its Natural Resources
Authors: Боголюбов Сергей , Bogolyubov Syergyey
Published: October 2016

The global situation in the sphere of natural resources determines the legal basis of responsibility of individual states for rational use and protection of these resources. In the Russian Constitution and Russian legislation provide the powers of the Russian Federation in the sphere of sustainable development and rational use of land, subsoil, water, forests, wildlife, recognition and justification of its sovereignty. The independence of Russia in the field of nature management and environmental protection is based on international principles, Federal laws and regulations, and justified by the environmental vector of the national economy modernization, legislation, and manifested in the implementation of free citizens´ access to natural resources, participation in discussion, adoption of ecologically important decisions, in development of the independent state and public environmental expertise of economic projects, strategic assessments of environmental situations.
The Concept of Land Lot and its Correspondence with Similar Terms
Authors: Тоточенко Денис , Totochenko Denis
Published: October 2016

The article deals with the concept of “land lot”, “land”, “ground”, “acreage”, “adjacent property” and other similar terms. The author analyzes the characteristics of the land lot, which allow to define it as an individually certain thing and offers to complete the list of its characteristics by natural and anthropogenic one. The natural and anthropogenic characteristic will cover the presence on the land lot of natural objects which were modified as a result of economic and other activities, or objects created by human which have the features of natural object and recreational and protective value. The definition of land lot and its delimitation from other related terms used in land legislation have an important practical significance. Primarily it manifests itself in the fact that taxation, making the transaction connected with transition of rights as well as the opportunity to use litigation when a dispute arises, in full measure can be implemented only in respect of land lot that meets the requirements contained in the legislation. The article contains some recommendations for improvement of the land legislation in the sphere concerned. According to the author, taking into account of the main provisions contained in the article during legislative activities would eliminate existing disadvantages of the legal acts of the, thereby to increase the efficiency of the legal regulation of land relations.
Features of the International Legal Protection of Appellations of Origin and Geographical Indications in the Light of the Adoption on May 20, 2015 of the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement
Authors: Шахназарова Элен , Shakhnazarova Elen
Published: October 2016

Currently, the issues of legal protection of appellations of origin and geographical indications are of particular relevance. Due to the current historically terminological uncertainty, there is a need to joint in the international dimension of the various systems of data protection of intellectual property. In order to solve this problem in the framework of the World Intellectual Property Organization on May 20, 2015 was adopted the Geneva Act of the Lisbon Agreement, which allows to carry out the international registration not only of appellations of origin and geographic indications, and also allows to accede to the Lisbon agreement of the several international organizations. The activities of the World Intellectual Property Organization for the improvement of the Lisbon system aimed at widening of its participants, modification of the Lisbon Agreement of appellations of origin and inclusion in the Lisbon system the provisions on the protection of geographical indications on the basis of their international registration.
Complex Branches in the System of Law and in Legislation System
Authors: Тонков Евгений , Tonkov Evgeniy , Синенко Владимир , Sinenko Vladimir
Published: October 2016

The article deals with the reasonableness of inclusion into legal science and system of law new complex branches of law. It often occurs in spite of the generally recognized principles of systems of law construction. The authors criticize the constant increase in the number of complex branches of law, assuming that complex branches can only exist in legislation. Isolation of complex branches in the legal system is an attempt to summarize the phenomenon on the basis of different methodological approaches. Formation of the system of law as opposed to the system of legislation is carried out on the basis of essential unity but not functional unity relations. Essential unity of social relations is characterized by the homogeneity of their qualitative characteristics due to socio-economic basis prevailing in a society. The building of the legal system on the basis of essential unity of the controlled relationship allows to apply a single method of legal regulation and to identify the presence of systemic relations between the norms of the individual branch of law and specific principles of legal regulation.
The Principle of Solidarity in the Civil Law of Russia
Authors: Богданов Дмитрий , Bogdanov Dmitriy , Богданов Евгений , Bogdanov Evgeniy , Богданова Елена , Bogdanova Elena
Published: October 2016

The present work reveals the content of the principle of solidarity in civil relations. The principle of solidarity reflects interests of society and an individual as a single social system that allows one to form relationships between the members of society based on solidarity and not on individualism, when pursuing profit making and own interests the interests of both society and the contract partners are ignored. In case there are individualism and selfishness in society centrifugal forces operate, what pulls apart society into some (atomic) unit. But if there are the interests of solidarity then centripetal forces operate, that unites society, integrates the interests of the members of society and of the entire society. It allows reaching not only the balance of interests between the partners in the agreement, but also equilibrium and stability in society. Therefore, the principle of solidarity is of particular importance for the formation process of civil society.
Prospective IS-MST radar. Potential and diagnostic capabilities
Authors: Потехин Александр , Potekhin Aleksandr , Сетов Артём , Setov Artem , Лебедев Валентин , Lebedev Valentin , Медведев Андрей , Medvedev Andrey , Кушнарев Дмитрий , Kushnarev Dmitriy
Published: October 2016

In the next few years, a new radar is planned to be built near Irkutsk. It should have capabilities of incoherent scatter (IS) radars and mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radars [Zherebtsov et al., 2011]. The IS-MST radar is a phased array of two separated antenna panels with a multichannel digital receiving system, which allows detailed space-time processing of backscattered signal. This paper describes characteristics, configuration, and capabilities of the antenna and transceiver systems of this radar. We estimate its potential in basic operating modes to study the ionosphere by the IS method at heights above 100 km and the atmosphere with the use of signals scattered from refractive index fluctuations, caused by turbulent mixing at heights below 100 km.

The modeling shows that the radar will allow us to regularly measure neutral atmosphere parameters at heights up to 26 km as well as to observe mesosphere summer echoes at heights near 85 km in the presence of charged ice particles (an increase in Schmidt number) and mesosphere winter echoes at heights near 65 km with increasing background electron density. Evaluation of radar resources at the IS mode in two height ranges 100–600 and 600–2000 km demonstrates that in the daytime and with the accumulation time of 10 min, the upper boundaries of electron density and ionospheric plasma temperature are ~1500 and ~1300 km respectively, with the standard deviation of no more than 10 %. The upper boundary of plasma drift velocity is ~1100 km with the standard deviation of 45 m/s. The estimation of interferometric capabilities of the MST radar shows that it has a high sensitivity to objects of angular size near 7.5 arc min, and its potential accuracy in determining target angles can reach 40 arc sec.
The content of training and methodological material of secondary vocational education, taking into account the use of new trends
Authors: Сепиашвили  , Sepiashvili Ekaterina
Published: October 2016

This article raises the problem that the content of the educational process and methodical support in the preparation of specialists in technology products catering requires changes due to changes in legislation in the preparation of food products and the Russian entry into the Customs Union.
DNA-Bioprotective Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Kurhan Şebnem , Çakir Ibrahim
Published: October 2016

Lactic acid bacteria commonly named as probiotics have a broad range of utilization area in human diet and food industry. Besides these known properties of probiotics, in recent years many researchers have focused on their anti-genotoxic called DNA-bioprotective effects. Human gets exposure with genotoxins such as mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and n-nitroso-compounds through diet and environmental contaminations. Aflatoxin B1 is mycotoxin which was reported one of the most potent hepato-carcinogen and its exposure stems from human diet. In this study, we aimed to investigate DNA-bioprotective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with comet assay without metabolic activation. The results showed that DNA-bioprotective effect of L. plantarum did reduce the AFB1’s genotoxic effect on colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Positive control (50 μM H2O2 applied) and high dose (>10ppm) AFB1 applied cells have the same comet tail appearance. Only visual scoring is performed. Besides negative control cells (Only PBS) and Lactobacillus plantarum+AFB1 mixture showed the same manner with each other; no comet tail detected. These results clearly indicate that L. plantarum is capable of reduce AFB1 safely without producing any by-products.
Effect of Enrichment of Bovine Milk With Whey Proteins on Biofunctional and Rheological Properties of Low Fat Yoghurt-Type Products
Authors: Roumanas Dimitris , Moatsou Golfo , Zoidou Evangelia , Sakkas Lambros , Moschopoulou Ekaterini
Published: October 2016

In this study, the effect of supplementation of low fat bovine milk with whey protein concentrates (WPC) or whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on the biofunctional and rheological properties of the produced yoghurt was assessed. Six different set type yoghurt products containing 1.6% fat were manufactured and enriched with: a) 1.5% bovine WPC (80% protein), marked as WPC_A yoghurt, b) 1% WPC (80% protein) of ovine/caprine origin, marked as WPC_B yoghurt, c) 2% commercial mixture of milk proteins, i.e. milk protein concentrate/ caseinates /WPC (82% total protein content), marked as MPM yoghurt, d) 0.25% WPC_B hydrolysed with trypsin, marked as WPH_A yoghurt, e) 0.5% commercial WPH, marked as WPH_B1yoghurt, f) 0.25% commercial WPH, marked as WPH_B2 yoghurt. Control yoghurt was manufactured without addition of protein. Results showed that the protein fortification level affected positively the protein, total solids as well as calcium and phosphorous contents of all yoghurt types. The lowest pH values were observed in the case of WPH_B2 yoghurt, while the highest in the case of MPM yoghurt throughout the storage i.e. 21 days. The characteristic microorganisms were in total more than 108cfu/g. Yoghurts fortified with WPH showed higher ACE-inhibitory activity (determined by the HPLC method) than those enriched with WPC. Also, it is noteworthy that WPH_A yoghurt showed significantly (P<0.05) higher ACE-inhibitory activity (72%) than control yoghurt or yoghurts made with the other WPH. On the other hand, WPH_A yoghurt showed the lowest hardness and adhesiveness, whereas MPM yoghurt showed the highest. The type of added whey protein did not affect cohesiveness. Water holding capacity was higher in yoghurts enriched with WPC and MPM than in the yoghurts enriched with WPH. All yoghurts presented antioxidant activity such as DPPH• radical scavenging activity (45-58%). The WPC_A yoghurt, MPM yoghurt, WPH_A yoghurt and control yoghurt presented high Fe2+ chelating activity (>70%), but WPH_A yoghurt presented the highest Fe2+ chelating activity (>95%) throughout storage. In conclusion, fortification of yoghurt milk with WPH increased the biofunctionality of the product, but the use of WPH of ovine/caprine origin increased it significantly.
Fermentation of Cornus Mas L. Juice for Functional Low Alcoholic Beverage Production
Authors: Nouska Chrysanthi , Kazakos Stavros , Mantzourani Ioanna , Alexopoulos Athanassios , Bezirtzoglou Eugenia , Plessas Stavros
Published: October 2016

Over the last decades there is an increasing demand for consumption of functional foods which claim to provide health benefits. These days the majority of probiotic products are well established by the form of dairy products. However lactose intolerance, cholesterol substances and the increase of vegetarianism lead the research for commercial production, to find new, non-dairy, suitable media for probiotic products. Therefore, a preliminary research has been conducted regarding fermentation of Cornus mas L. juice with one potential probiotic microorganism (Lactobacillus paracasei K5) and one probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14917 for functional beverage production. The viability of the aforementioned microorganisms was monitored during fermentation in different pH values, at 0 min, 24 h and during storage (5 oC) for 1,2,3 and 4 weeks. The results showed that Lactobacillus.plantarum ATCC 14917 and Lactobacillus paracasei K5 retained their viability at high levels (at least 6 log cfu/ml) under storage at 5 oC for 4 weeks, which is considered as an important prerequisite for the characterization of the product as probiotic. Likewise the outcome showed that it is likely to produce a potential functional Cornus mas L. beverage with antioxidant activity (due to Cornus mas L. ingredients) and potential probiotic activities (due to the potential probiotic strains).
Super foods and Super herbs: Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity
Authors: Roidaki Anna , Kollia Eleni , Panagopoulou Eirini , Chiou Antonia , Varzakas Theodoros , Markaki Panagiota , Proestos Charalampos
Published: October 2016

Antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of selected superfoods and superherbs, cultivated in regions of Greece, were investigated so as to supply new information on their antioxidant function. The total antioxidant capacity was estimated by DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) assay while total phenolics were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method. Moreover this study was carried out with a supplementary objective to investigate the antifungal activities of the selected superfoods/superherbs extracts. The in vitro antifungal assays were done against the mycotoxigenic fungus Aspergillus parasiticus (aflatoxigenic) and Aspergillus carbonarius (ochratoxigenic). The results showed diversity on antioxidant profile of the studied extracts, although in most of the cases, the analysis revealed significant antioxidant capacity and high total phenolic content. Specifically, Photinia melanocarpa L., Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves, Cistus incanus L., and Crataegus monogyna Jacq., possessed the highest antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents among the others. Moreover, most of the tested extracts inhibited the growth of A.parasiticus and A.carbonarius while some of them stimulated the fungal growth, for both of the mycotoxigenic fungi. Tribulus terrestris and Cistus incanus proved to be more effective in reducing the growth of the tested fungi while Vaccinium corymbosum (blueberries) had stimulating effect on the fungi’s growth.
Expanding the use of digital technology across the NHS
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: October 2016

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the Government's ambition to roll out advances in digital healthcare technology to improve patient care in the NHS
Traditions transformed within the scope of rural tourism: A sample for tourism village
Kırsal turizm kapsamında dönüşen gelenekler: Turizm Köyü örneği
Authors: Bulut Meryem
Published: October 2016

The fact that rural tourism comes into prominence in struggling with poverty and in development as an instrument of solution, and the fact that it protects and develops local occupations of economic value differentiates people’s behaviors are the research  problems of this study.This study makes an effort to understand the process of building rural tourism in the Village of Tourism which has been opened to rural tourism for rural development, and to analyze the reflections in the community within the framework of the concepts of ecotourism, neoliberalism and tradition.      The study aims to focus on the explicit and implicit meanings of offering rural tourism service for the villagers and to inquire traditions. Villages transformed by supposedly preserving their traditionalism for the purposes of rural tourism and the villagers who are to serve to rural tourism are being commodified, re-created and consumed. The reflections of neoliberalism into the villagers  behaviors can easily be observed, just as the changes neoliberalism has caused in every field of life. Traditions are being re-created so that they serve to popular consumption.  ÖzetSürdürülebilirlik kapsamında kırsal turizmin, az gelişmiş bölgelerdeki yoksullukla mücadele ve kalkınmada bir çözüm aracı olarak öne çıkması ve yöresel ekonomik uğraşları (tarım, el sanatları vb.) koruması ve geliştirmesinin insanların davranışlarını farklılaştırması bu araştırmanın sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır.Araştırma kırsal kalkınma kapsamında kırsal turizme açılmış olan Turizm Köyü’nde, kırsal turizmin köyde yaşayan insanlara arasında inşa ediliş sürecini anlamaya çalışmak, topluluk arasındaki yansımalarını, ekoturizm, neoliberalizm ve gelenek kavramları çerçevesinde çözümlemektir. Köylüler için kırsal turizm hizmeti sunuyor olmanın açık ve örtük anlamları üzerinde yoğunlaşarak, geleneklerin sorgulanması hedeflenmiştir.Kırsal turizm kapsamında sözde gelenekselliği korunarak dönüştürülen köyler ve kırsal turizme hizmet verecek olan köylüler ve geleneksel değerler; metalaştırılarak yeniden üretilerek tüketiliyor.  Noeliberalizmin yaşamın tüm alanlarında yarattığı değişimler gibi köyde yaşayan insanların davranışlarına yansımaları da kolaylıkla görülüyor.  Gelenekler, popüler tüketime hizmet etmesi amacıyla yeniden üretiliyor.
QUALITY ANALYSIS OF SINGLE TREE OBJECT WITH OBIA AND VEGETATION INDEX FROM LAPAN SURVEILLANCE AIRCRAFT MULTISPECTRAL DATA IN URBAN AREA
Authors: Sari Nurwita Mustika , Kushardono Dony
Published: October 2016

High-resolution remote sensing data as the acquisition result of LAPAN Surveillance Aircraft (LSA) has the potential to analyze urban areas. The purpose of this study was to develop a method of LSA multispectral data utilization with an analysis of the single tree object in urban areas with OBIA and vegetation index. The method proposed in this study is a hierarchical classification to obtain the specific tree object that will be used further to analyze the quality of vegetation. In particular, analysis of the vegetation quality on the tree object was carried out by calculating the value of vegetation index NDVI. As a result, the overall accuracy of the hierarchical classification of objects in urban areas reached 88 %. In conclusion, the analysis of the quality of vegetation NDVI has been able to perceive the condition of trees in the urban area.
Lithium-Responsive Seizure-Like Hyperexcitability Is Caused by a Mutation in theDrosophilaVoltage-Gated Sodium Channel Geneparalytic
Authors: Kaas Garrett A. , Kasuya Junko , Lansdon Patrick , Ueda Atsushi , Iyengar Atulya , Wu Chun-Fang , Kitamoto Toshihiro
Published: October 2016

Shudderer(Shu) is an X-linked dominant mutation inDrosophila melanogasteridentified more than 40 years ago. A previous study showed thatShucaused spontaneous tremors and defects in reactive climbing behavior, and that these phenotypes were significantly suppressed when mutants were fed food containing lithium, a mood stabilizer used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (Williamson, 1982). This unique observation suggested that theShumutation affects genes involved in lithium-responsive neurobiological processes. In the present study, we identifiedShuas a novel mutant allele of the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel geneparalytic(para). Given that hypomorphicparaalleles and RNA interference–mediatedparaknockdown reduced the severity ofShuphenotypes,Shuwas classified as aparahypermorphic allele. We also demonstrated that lithium could improve the behavioral abnormalities displayed by other Navmutants, including a fly model of the human generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Our electrophysiological analysis ofShushowed that lithium treatment did not acutely suppress Navchannel activity, indicating that the rescue effect of lithium resulted from chronic physiological adjustments to this drug. Microarray analysis revealed that lithium significantly alters the expression of various genes inShu, including those involved in innate immune responses, amino acid metabolism, and oxidation-reduction processes, raising the interesting possibility that lithium-induced modulation of these biological pathways may contribute to such adjustments. Overall, our findings demonstrate that Navchannel mutants inDrosophilaare valuable genetic tools for elucidating the effects of lithium on the nervous system in the context of neurophysiology and behavior.
Serotonergic Suppression of Mouse Prefrontal Circuits Implicated in Task Attention
Authors: Tian Michael K. , Schmidt Eric F. , Lambe Evelyn K.
Published: October 2016

Serotonin (5-HT) regulates attention by neurobiological mechanisms that are not well understood. Layer 6 (L6) pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex play an important role in attention and express 5-HT receptors, but the serotonergic modulation of this layer and its excitatory output is not known. Here, we performed whole-cell recordings and pharmacological manipulations in acute brain slices from wild-type and transgenic mice expressing either eGFP or eGFP-channelrhodopsin in prefrontal L6 pyramidal neurons. Excitatory circuits between L6 pyramidal neurons and L5 GABAergic interneurons, including a population of interneurons essential for task attention, were investigated using optogenetic techniques. Our experiments show that prefrontal L6 pyramidal neurons are subject to strong serotonergic inhibition and demonstrate direct 5-HT–sensitive connections between prefrontal L6 pyramidal neurons and two classes of L5 interneurons. This work helps to build a neurobiological framework to appreciate serotonergic disruption of task attention and yields insight into the disruptions of attention observed in psychiatric disorders with altered 5-HT receptors and signaling.
A Case-Control Study of Risk Factors of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Yuan Huifeng , Han Xinwei , Jiao Dechao , Zhou Pengli
Published: October 2016

Objective: To explore the potential risk factors of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the Chinese population. Methods: A matched case-control study was designed for the study. Patients with AAA administrated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2005 to December 2007 were included in the study. Sex and age-matched volunteers were selected for the case-control in the same period. A uniform questionnaire was sent to patients and volunteers to collect demographic data, past medical history, and behavioral factors. General physical examination, ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta, and serological testing were used to collect clinical data. Environmental risk factors of abdominal aortic aneurysms were analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 465 subjects including 155 patients were enrolled in the study. Multivariate regression analysis found that people with high blood pressure have high risk of AAA (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.12-3.18; P = .02). Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for AAA; the morbidity of AAA in smokers is 5.23-fold of non-smokers (95% CI 2.44-11.23). Dyslipidemia (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.45-4.70), serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.37-4.31), and homocysteine (OR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.61-4.65) were valuable parameters in detecting AAA. Conclusion: Hypertension and smoking are risk factors of abdominal aortic aneurysms; dyslipidemia, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels are associated with AAA.
ІНТЕНСИВНІСТЬ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПОЛ У КУРЧАТ–БРОЙЛЕРІВ ЗА НА ТЛІ ВАКЦИНАЦІЇ ПРОТИ ХВОРОБИ ГАМБОРО ТА ЗА ДІЇ ДРІЖДЖІВ SACCHAROMICES CEREVISIAE І ПРОБІОТИКА БПС–44
Authors: Romanovich M.M. , Kurtyak B.M. , Broda O.N. , Matyukha I.A.
Published: October 2016

The paper studies the influence of feeding broiler chickens in the composition of animal feed preparation BPS–44 and various doses of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in terms of vaccination against Gumboro disease.The study was conducted on four groups of chickens at 100 birds each. The control group of chickens fed a standard feed (SC) and a 15–day–old vipoyuvaly vaccine against Gumboro disease (Gumbokal IM Forte SPF). The first experimental group of birds, in addition to the UK received – probiotic BPS–44 (based on Bacillus subtilis strain 44) in an amount of 0.21 g / kg, the second research group – 1% of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The third research group of chickens – 2% of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For studies using the blood that was taken from the chickens after decapitation at different ages: 11–, 27–, 34– and 41–day–old.It was stated a higher content of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma of broilers in the 27–, 34– and 41–day–old, compared with 11–day, which indicates an increase in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and indicates their dependence on age and poultry immunization period . Feeding broiler chickens in the composition of feed yeast Saccharomuces cerevisie and probiotic BPS–44 causes an inhibitory effect on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in their body, namely a reduction (p <0,01 – 0,001) content of lipid hydroperoxide and TBA–active products can be detoxication properties associated with study drugs.
ОРНІТОЗ У ПАПУГ
Authors: Sorokinа N.H. , Halchynska O.K. , Lepushynska V.S.
Published: October 2016

Psittacosis – a zooanthroponosis infection. In humans, the disease can manifest atypical pneumonia, enteritis, peritonitis, encephalitis. In parrots the disease starts with loss of appetite, drowsiness, weakness, fever, appearance of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and diarrhea. The causative agent of psittacosis in parrots are obligate intracellular microorganism Chlamydophila psittaci, which enters the body through the epithelium of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract. Its reproduction and accumulation occurs in the epithelial, and lymphoid reticulohistiocytosis cells. Chlamydia capable to long time cellular localization, can penetrate into the various organs and systems: the lungs, the nervous, cardiovascular system, liver. Parrot, who had been ill for psittacosis, is usually long remain carriers of Chlamydia. This article contains the definition of «psittacosis» as the disease, etiology, pathogenesis, main clinical features of parrots, pathological changes, especially the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This materials are can help to owners of parrot and veterinary professionals to understand the disease, clinical signs, modern methods of diagnosis, prevention and therapy of psittacosis.
РЕПРОДУКТИВНА ФУНКЦІЯ САМОК ЩУРІВ F1 І ПОСТНАТАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ЩУРЕНЯТ F2 ЗА ДІЇ РІЗНИХ ДОЗ НАНОГЕРМАНІЮ ЦИТРАТУ
Authors: Tesarivska U. , Fedoruk R. , Shumska M.
Published: October 2016

The article presents the results of give to drink of female rats the water contained different levels of «nanogermanium» citrate (NGeC) on the reproductive ability of females F1 and postnatal development and viability of offspring. Studies performed on laboratory rats female divided into 4 groups: 1 – control, 2 – 10 µ, 3 – 20 µ, 4– 200 µ of Ge per kg of body weight. Rat females received the NGeC starting with suckling (together with F0 mothers) to fertilization and during pregnancy and lactation. Fertility, average litter weight, offspring sex ratio, viability, and development of sensitive and motor reflexes have been investigated. In the female of 4 group higher level of fertility (100% against 85% in control) was observed. It has been shown also higher levels of multiple pregnancy, (6.4 – 17%), average litter weight (3.1 – 15.1%) in all experimental groups and average infant rat weight (1.6 – 3.0%) — in 2–nd experimental group, on 9.8 – 11.5% — in 3–st experimental group, on 2.8 – 4% — 4–th experimental group. The animals of 2 and 3 – experimental groups are characterized by higher rate of growth up to 7 days of life. The growth intensity was higher also in the rats of 2–nd group up to 14 days of life and in 2–nd and 4–th groups — up to 27 days of life. The increasing of a number of male births – in 2 infant 4 experimental groups accelerated development and manifestation of infant sensory reactions in all experimental group have been found. These differences was more expressed when dose of 200 mkg Ge was used. Off spring survival has been high in all groups and was 100% after weaning at 37 days of life. Biological effect of«nanogermanium» citrate in water form was more pronounced in rats, fed 20 or 200 mkg of Germany.
ОСНОВНІ НЕВРОЛОГІЧНІ СИМТОМИ ТА ЇХ ПОШИРЕННЯ У СОБАК
Authors: Fedorovych V. , Slivinska L. , Fedorovych N.
Published: October 2016

As a result of the ambulatory reception it was investigated 12233 animals, of which 5653 (46.2%) were dogs. In the neurological research it had shown the symptoms of the nervous system damage in 653 dogs (11.5%). In particular it was found that paresis and paralysis (23.4%) were the most common neurological symptoms in dogs. Number of animals with inclination of head, ataxia, myoclonus and epileptiform state was respectively 19.8; 14.7; 11.7 and 10.5%. The manifestations of the nervous system damage as nystagmus, tremor and lameness were registered in accordance with 8.3; 4.4 and 4.1% of sick dogs. The least number of dogs were with a disorder of vision (2,8%) and hearing (0,3%), which was associated with the pathology of the nervous system. The above mentioned symptoms of the nervous system diseases do not occur as a symptom, but it was marked their combination – syndromes. The conducted neurological research makes it possible to establish the location of the pathological process in the departments of nervous system (neurons anatomical localization).As a result of the research and the results found that most dogs manifest the symptoms of damage to the brain and spinal mozkupaytiyi. Based on the results of verification of the diagnosis will be made using the methods of visual diagnostics.
Study of Evil and Violence Without Girard
Authors: Frankfurter David
Published: October 2016

A critique of the usefulness of Girard for the study of religious violence and the demonization of the Other
Whither Girard and Islam?
Authors: Avery Vanessa
Published: October 2016

Despite attempts to bring scholars of Islam into dialogue with Girard’s theories of mimetic desire, scapegoating, and religious sacrifice, the scholarship on this topic is still extremely limited. In this article, Avery first expands on Wolfgang Palaver’s assertion in his short piece on Girard and Islam for The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence that declares Islam as part of the Abrahamic revolution against sacrifice. Avery then offers two reasons for why Girardian theory has not gained more interest from scholars of Islam, addressing biblical parallels in the context of the Qur’an, and Islam’s seeming departure from a sacrificial paradigm. Avery offers Girard’s mimetic desire as the discrete portion of Girard’s theory that resonates with the nature of Islamic texts, and also avoids the possible pitfalls of colonizing Islam with Judaic or Christian presumptions.
CICLOS COGNITIVOS INTERPESSOAIS: DESAFIOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE FORTALECIMENTO DA RELAÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA
Authors: Ferreira Sonia Mairos , Machado Pedro
Published: October 2016

Abstract.COGNITIVE INTERPERSONAL CYCLES: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES TO THE STRENGTHEN THE THERAPEUTIC RELATIONAssuming Jeremy Safran theoretical proposal as the frame conceptual approach, the present article is devoted to the problematic of cognitive interpersonal cycles and, in its scope, to their relevance in the context of relationally focused intervention. We proceed to a comprehensive synthesis of the construct in analysis, emphasizing its major referents and highlighting the key attributes that characterize it. These elements exposed, we progress to the examination of the specificities that the process of developing and strengthening of the therapeutic relationship should assume in this context, in specific, underlining, in this matter, its fundamental role as an instrument of the therapeutic process itself. We briefly explore how this relationship can constitute, in itself, as an important mechanism for the disconfirmation of maladaptive schemes and unbundling of crystallized interpersonal cognitive cycles. We present, in addition to the above, some strategies and techniques of strengthening of this therapeutic alliance, of which excels the meta-communication, given its gains in the establishment of an adaptive relationship between patient and therapist. We conclude by presenting a critical analysis of current studies, referencing future research needs.Key-words: Interpersonal cognitive cycles; therapeutic relationship; relationally focused interventionResumo.Assumindo como abordagem conceptual de base a proposta teórica de Jeremy Safran, o presente artigo é devotado à problemática dos ciclos cognitivos interpessoais e, no seu âmbito, à relevância que estes possuem no contexto da terapia focada nas relações. Procede-se, por conseguinte, a uma síntese compreensiva do construto em análise, apontando os seus referentes principais e salientando os atributos chave que o caracterizam. Expostos estes elementos procede-se ao exame das especificidades que o processo de formação e fortalecimento da relação terapêutica deve assumir neste âmbito em específico, salientando-se, para o efeito, o seu papel fundamental enquanto instrumento do próprio processo terapêutico. Explora-se, de forma breve, como esta relação se pode constituir como um importante mecanismo de desconfirmação de esquemas mal-adaptativos e, também, de desagregação de ciclos cognitivos interpessoais cristalizados. Apresentam-se, em complemento ao exposto, algumas estratégias e técnicas de potenciação desta aliança terapêutica, das quais se notabiliza a meta-comunicação, dadas as suas mais-valias no estabelecimento de relação adaptativa entre paciente e terapeuta. Conclui-se apresentando uma análise crítica dos estudos atuais, referenciando necessidades de investigação futuras. Palavras-chave: Ciclos cognitivos interpessoais, relação terapêutica, intervenção focada nas relações
STUDENT PERCEPTION TOWARD MATHEMATICS ASSESSMENT, TEMPORALITY TOWARD EXAMS, THE UNDERSTANDING TOWARD PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED TO THE NUMBERS AND MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS IN REAL LIFE. REALLY ARE FACTORS GENERATORS OF ANXIETY TOWARD MATH?
Authors: García-Santillán Arturo , Mato-Vázquez María Dorinda , Escalera-Chávez Milka Elena , Moreno-García Elena
Published: October 2016

Abstract.In our globalized world, the challenges are strong, and therefore it is necessary to attack the problem (phenomena) immediately and find solutions that allow that students develop greatest skill and competencies in mathematics.A survey was personally administered to 299 students from two high schools at Tuxtepec, Oaxaca in Mexico. Statistical procedure was the factorial analysis with an extracted principal component in order to Measure data as refer García-Santillán, Venegas-Martínez and Escalera-Chávez (2013). The Bartlett's Sphericity test and the KMO index (0.875), X2 calculated, 1257.558 with 10 df > X2tabulated, Sig. 0.000  p< 0.01, MSA (ANSIEVAL .832; ANSITEM .871; ANSICOM .918; ANSINUM .863; ANSISIMA .914) allow us to know that the variables of Muñoz and Mato-Vázquez scale, help us to understand the student’s anxiety toward mathematics. It is necessary to find new ways of teaching and learning process that allows, from the basic levels of education, to stimulate the interest of students toward mathematics.Keywords: Anxiety, Mathematics, Attitude, Students
INFLUENCIA DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN EL BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO DEL MAYOR.
Authors: Santana Rodríguez Alicia
Published: October 2016

Abstract.According to the theory of continuity, older adults remains throughout life in a continuous process of development by maintaining the same activities, behaviors and relationships as they did in their first years of life. And understand that the desire to maintain normal activities generates preventive behaviors aimed at better enjoyment of old age and even allows adaptation to negative external situations. As Fernández-Ballesteros (2000) states, the older person must remain an active individual in an active environment and not a passive individual in a demanding environment and driver.Physical activity allows the greatest stay active and increase their well-being, both physical and psychological. Following the theory of Self-Determination, one of the indicators set as psychological well-being is the satisfaction with life. In this line, we wanted to check this indicator in a group of 37 older who were part of a program of physical activity, for which they spent Satisfaction Scale with Life (Diener et al. (1985).The results showed high satisfaction, responding positively most users, proving that as age increases people’s life satisfaction is improved. These results support the involvement of psychological factors as mediators in the relationship between physical activity and mental health.Keywords: Elderly, psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, Physical Activity, Aging, HealthResumen.Según la Teoría de la continuidad, el adulto mayor se mantiene a lo largo de la vida en un proceso contínuo de desarrollo manteniendo las mismas actividades, comportamientos y relaciones como lo hicieron en sus primeros años de vida. Y entiende, que el deseo de mantener las actividades habituales genera conductas preventivas encaminadas a un mejor disfrute de la vejez e, incluso, hace posible la adaptación a situaciones externas negativas. Como afirma Fernández-Ballesteros (2000), la persona mayor debe seguir siendo un individuo activo en un ambiente activo y no un individuo pasivo en un ambiente exigente y controlador.La actividad física permite al mayor mantenerse activo e incrementar su bienestar, tanto físico como psicológico. Siguiendo la teoría de la Autodeterminación, uno de los indicadores que establece como bienestar psicológico es la satisfacción con la vida. En esta línea, hemos querido comprobar dicho indicador en un grupo de 37 mayores que formaban parte de un programa de Actividad Física, para lo cual se les pasó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener et al. (1985).Los resultados mostraron una alta satisfacción, respondiendo de manera positiva la mayoría de los usuarios, comprobándose que conforme aumenta la edad de las personas se mejora la satisfacción con la vida. Estos resultados avalan la implicación de factores psicológicos como mediadores en la relación entre actividad física y salud psicológica.Palabras clave: Adulto Mayor, Bienestar psicológico, Satisfacción con la vida, Actividad Física, Vejez, Salud