bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivar-Dependent Responses in Plant Growth, Leaf Physiology, Phosphorus Use Efficiency, and Tuber Quality of Potatoes Under Limited Phosphorus Availability Conditions
Authors: Chea Leangsrun , Meijide Ana , Meinen Catharina , Pawelzik Elke , Naumann Marcel
Published: September 2021

The limited availability of phosphorus (P) in soils causes a major constraint in the productivity of potatoes, which requires increased knowledge of plant adaptation responses in this condition. In this study, six potato cultivars, namely, Agria, Lady Claire, Milva, Lilly, Sieglinde, and Verdi, were assessed for their responses on plant growth, leaf physiology, P use efficiency (PUE), and tuber quality with three P levels (Plow, Pmed, and Phigh). The results reveal a significant variation in the cultivars in response to different P availabilities. P-efficient cultivars, Agria, Milva, and Lilly, possessed substantial plant biomass, tuber yield, and high P uptake efficiency (PUpE) under low P supply conditions. The P-inefficient cultivars, Lady Claire, Sieglinde, and Verdi, could not produce tubers under P deprivation conditions, as well as the ability to efficiently uptake P under low-level conditions, but they were efficient in P uptake under high soil P conditions. Improved PUpE is important for plant tolerance with limited P availability, which results in the efficient use of the applied P. At the leaf level, increased accumulations of nitrate, sulfate, sucrose, and proline are necessary for a plant to acclimate to P deficiency-induced stress and to mobilize leaf inorganic phosphate to increase internal PUE and photosynthesis. The reduction in plant biomass and tuber yield under P-deficient conditions could be caused by reduced CO2 assimilation. Furthermore, P deficiency significantly reduced tuber yield, dry matter, and starch concentration in Agria, Milva, and Lilly. However, contents of tuber protein, sugars, and minerals, as well as antioxidant capacity, were enhanced under these conditions in these cultivars. These results highlight the important traits contributing to potato plant tolerance under P-deficient conditions and indicate an opportunity to improve the P efficiency and tuber quality of potatoes under deficient conditions using more efficient cultivars. Future research to evaluate molecular mechanisms related to P and sucrose translocation, and minimize tuber yield reduction under limited P availability conditions is necessary.
Comprehensive Proteome and Lysine Acetylome Analysis Reveals the Widespread Involvement of Acetylation in Cold Resistance of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Liu Zhoubin , Song Jingshuang , Miao Wu , Yang Bozhi , Zhang Zhuqing , Chen Wenchao , Tan Fangjun , Suo Huan , Dai Xiongze , Zou Xuexiao , Ou Lijun
Published: September 2021

Pepper is a typical warmth-loving vegetable that lacks a cold acclimation mechanism and is sensitive to cold stress. Lysine acetylation plays an important role in diverse cellular processes, but limited knowledge is available regarding acetylation modifications in the resistance of pepper plants to cold stress. In this study, the proteome and acetylome of two pepper varieties with different levels of cold resistance were investigated by subjecting them to cold treatments of varying durations followed by recovery periods. In total, 6,213 proteins and 4,574 lysine acetylation sites were identified, and this resulted in the discovery of 3,008 differentially expressed proteins and 768 differentially expressed acetylated proteins. A total of 1,988 proteins were identified in both the proteome and acetylome, and the functional differences in these co-identified proteins were elucidated through GO enrichment. KEGG analysis showed that 397 identified acetylated proteins were involved in 93 different metabolic pathways. The dynamic changes in the acetylated proteins in photosynthesis and the “carbon fixation in the photosynthetic organisms” pathway in pepper under low-temperature stress were further analyzed. It was found that acetylation of the PsbO and PsbR proteins in photosystem II and the PsaN protein in photosystem I could regulate the response of pepper leaves to cold stress. The acetylation levels of key carbon assimilation enzymes, such as ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoribulokinase, and triosephosphate isomerase decreased, leading to decreases in carbon assimilation capacity and photosynthetic efficiency, reducing the cold tolerance of pepper leaves. This study is the first to identify the acetylome in pepper, and it greatly expands the catalog of lysine acetylation substrates and sites in Solanaceae crops, providing new insights for posttranslational modification studies.
The 55K SNP-Based Exploration of QTLs for Spikelet Number Per Spike in a Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) Population: Chinese Landrace “Ailanmai” × Wild Emmer
Authors: Mo Ziqiang , Zhu Jing , Wei Jiatai , Zhou Jieguang , Xu Qiang , Tang Huaping , Mu Yang , Deng Mei , Jiang Qiantao , Liu Yaxi , Chen Guoyue , Wang Jirui , Qi Pengfei , Li Wei , Wei Yuming , Zheng Youliang , Lan Xiujin , Ma Jian
Published: September 2021

Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is the primary factor that determines wheat yield. Common wheat breeding reduces the genetic diversity among elite germplasm resources, leading to a detrimental effect on future wheat production. It is, therefore, necessary to explore new genetic resources for SNS to increase wheat yield. A tetraploid landrace “Ailanmai” × wild emmer wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to construct a genetic map using a wheat 55K single- nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The linkage map containing 1,150 bin markers with a total genetic distance of 2,411.8 cm was obtained. Based on the phenotypic data from the eight environments and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SNS were identified, explaining 6.71–29.40% of the phenotypic variation. Two of them, QSns.sau-AM-2B.2 and QSns.sau-AM-3B.2, were detected as a major and novel QTL. Their effects were further validated in two additional F2 populations using tightly linked kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers. Potential candidate genes within the physical intervals of the corresponding QTLs were predicted to participate in inflorescence development and spikelet formation. Genetic associations between SNS and other agronomic traits were also detected and analyzed. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the wheat 55K SNP array developed for common wheat in the genetic mapping of tetraploid population and shows the potential application of wheat-related species in wheat improvement programs.
Out of the Dark and Into the Light: A New View of Phytochrome Photobodies
Authors: Pardi Sarah A. , Nusinow Dmitri A.
Published: September 2021

Light is a critical environmental stimulus for plants, serving as an energy source via photosynthesis and a signal for developmental programming. Plants perceive light through various light-responsive proteins, termed photoreceptors. Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors that are highly conserved across kingdoms. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome B serves as a light and thermal sensor, mediating physiological processes such as seedling germination and establishment, hypocotyl growth, chlorophyll biogenesis, and flowering. In response to red light, phytochromes convert to a biologically active form, translocating from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and further compartmentalizes into subnuclear compartments termed photobodies. PhyB photobodies regulate phytochrome-mediated signaling and physiological outputs. However, photobody function, composition, and biogenesis remain undefined since their discovery. Based on photobody cellular dynamics and the properties of internal components, photobodies have been suggested to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, a process by which some membraneless compartments form. Here, we explore photobodies as environmental sensors, examine the role of their protein constituents, and outline the biophysical perspective that photobodies may be undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation. Understanding the molecular, cellular, and biophysical processes that shape how plants perceive light will help in engineering improved sunlight capture and fitness of important crops.
Selection and Evaluation of a Thornless and HLB-Tolerant Bud-Sport of Pummelo Citrus With an Emphasis on Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Bo , Li Na , Deng Zhanao , Luo Feng , Duan Yongping
Published: September 2021

The selection of elite bud-sports is an important breeding approach in horticulture. We discovered and evaluated a thornless pummelo bud-sport (TL) that grew more vigorously and was more tolerant to Huanglongbing (HLB) than the thorny wild type (W). To reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of W, and transcriptome comparisons of W, TL, and partially recovered thorny “mutants” (T). The results showed W, TL, and T varied in gene expression, allelic expression, and alternative splicing. Most genes/pathways with significantly altered expression in TL compared to W remained similarly altered in T. Pathway and gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the expression of multiple pathways, including photosynthesis and cell wall biosynthesis, was altered among the three genotypes. Remarkably, two polar auxin transporter genes, PIN7 and LAX3, were expressed at a significantly lower level in TL than in both W and T, implying alternation of polar auxin transport in TL may be responsible for the vigorous growth and thornless phenotype. Furthermore, 131 and 68 plant defense-related genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in TL and T compared with W. These genes may be involved in enhanced salicylic acid (SA) dependent defense and repression of defense inducing callose deposition and programmed cell death. Overall, these results indicated that the phenotype changes of the TL bud-sport were associated with tremendous transcriptome alterations, providing new clues and targets for breeding and gene editing for citrus improvement.
Deviants Are Detected Faster at the End of Verse-Like Sound Sequences
Authors: Arrazola Varun D. C.
Published: September 2021

Songs and poems from different traditions show a striking formal similarity: lines are flexible at the beginning and get more regular toward the end. This suggests that the free-beginning/strict-end pattern stems from a cognitive bias shared among humans. We propose that this is due to an increased sensitivity to deviants later in the line, resulting from a prediction-driven attention increase disrupted by line breaks. The study tests this hypothesis using an auditory oddball task where drum strokes are presented in sequences of eight, mimicking syllables in song or poem lines. We find that deviant strokes occurring later in the line are detected faster, mirroring the lower occurrence of deviant syllables toward the end of verse lines.
Chinese International Students in the United States: The Interplay of Students’ Acculturative Stress, Academic Standing, and Quality of Life
Authors: Su Zhaohui , McDonnell Dean , Shi Feng , Liang Bin , Li Xiaoshan , Wen Jun , Cai Yuyang , Xiang Yu-Tao , Yang Ling
Published: September 2021

Background

Acculturation could cause grave health consequences in international students. However, there is a shortage of research into how acculturative stress might affect international students’ quality of life in light of their academic standing and experience. The lack of research is particularly pronounced among Chinese international students, representing the largest body of international students studying in the United States (U.S.). Thus, to bridge the research gap, this study aims to examine the interplay between international students’ acculturative stress, academic standing, and quality of life among a nationally representative sample of Chinese international students studying in the United States.

Methods

An online survey that gauges Chinese international students’ levels of acculturative stress, academic standing, and quality of life was developed. Over 350 higher education institutions across the United States were approached, including public universities, private universities, and community colleges, among which approximately 220 institutions responded positively and supported survey distribution. A total of 751 students completed the survey. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to examine the associations between students’ acculturative stress, academic standing, and quality of life.

Results

Findings reveal that acculturative stress negatively affects all four domains of Chinese international students’ quality of life, irrespective of their academic standing. Data analyses also show that compared to master’s and doctoral students, undergraduates experience the highest levels of acculturative stress. Furthermore, a significant difference emerged among undergraduate and doctoral international students’ acculturative stress levels, but not among undergraduate and master’s students, or master’s and doctoral students.

Conclusion

Our study found that, compared to master’s and doctoral students, undergraduates had more significant acculturative stress associated with lower levels of quality of life. This finding highlights the potentially positive role of academic experience – while acculturative stress deteriorates international students’ quality of life, students’ academic standing and experience could be the protective factor in the equation. Future research could further examine how universities and colleges can capitalize on their academic apparatuses and resources to improve international students’ academic performance and students’ acculturation experience and quality of life.
Attentional Cueing and Executive Deficits Revealed by a Virtual Supermarket Task Coupled With Eye-Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mouga Susana , Duarte Isabel Catarina , Café Cátia , Sousa Daniela , Duque Frederico , Oliveira Guiomar , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: September 2021

Executive functioning (EF) impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) impact on complex functions, such as social cognition. We assessed this link between EF, attentional cueing, and social cognition with a novel ecological task, “EcoSupermarketX.” Our task had three blocks of increasing executive load and incorporated social and non-social cues, with different degrees of saliency. Performance of ASD and typical neurodevelopment was compared. The ASD showed a significant performance dependence on the presence of contextual cues. Difficulties increased as a function of cognitive load. Between-group differences were found both for social and non-social salient cues. Eye-tracking measures showed significantly larger fixation time of more salient social cues in ASD. In sum, EcoSupermarketX is sensitive to detect EF and attentional cueing deficits in ASD.
How Can E-Cigarette Fear Appeals Improve the Perceived Threat, Fear, Anger, and Protection Motivation of Young People
Authors: Sun Chengzhi , Wang Fangfei , Jiang Mengmeng
Published: September 2021

The lack of awareness regarding the risks of e-cigarettes and the misleading business propaganda caused an increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes among young people. The effective communication of the risks associated with e-cigarettes is an important part of current work to control their usage, and the use of fear appeals is an effective method to achieve good control. Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and Appraisal-Tendency Framework (ATF), this article presents a 2 × 2 control experiment to test the impact of fear appeals on the perception of risk, emotions, and behavioral motivation of young people aged 35 and less. A total of 333 valid samples of adolescents and young adults were included to investigate the different response paths to fear appeals among young people of different age, sex and smoking history. The results show that high-threat, high-efficacy fear appeals are able to: (1) significantly increase young people’s perception of the e-cigarette-associated threats, (2) trigger fear and anger amongst young people, and (3) stimulate their self-protection motivation. Fear appeals do not have an impact on young people’s perception of efficacy, regardless of their level of threat and efficacy. High fear appeals can also increase young people’s perception of threat, which in turn enhances their anger and protection motivation. Furthermore, while this type of fear appeal can enhance young women’s perception of efficacy, it cannot enhance the perception of e-cigarette risks in adolescents, young men and young smokers, regardless of their level of threat and efficacy. Young non-smokers have a higher perception of the risks involved in the use of e-cigarettes compared with young smokers.
Early COVID-19 Government Communication Is Associated With Reduced Interest in the QAnon Conspiracy Theory
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Rizio Stephanie M. , Skali Ahmed , Torgler Benno
Published: September 2021

Does inadequate risk communication during uncertain times trigger the rise of conspiratorial ideas? We hypothesize that, where government COVID-19 risk communication started early, as measured by the number of days between the start of the communication campaign and the first case in the country, citizens are less likely to turn to conspiratorial explanations for the pandemic, which typically assign blame to powerful actors with secret interests. In Study 1a, we find strong support for our hypothesis in a global sample of 111 countries, using daily Google search volumes for QAnon as a measure of interest in QAnon, which is a conspiracy theory contending, among other things, that COVID-19 is a conspiracy orchestrated by powerful actors and aimed at repressing civil liberties. The effect is robust to a variety of sensitivity checks. In Study 1b, we show that the effect is not explainable by pre-pandemic cross-country differences in QAnon interest, nor by ‘secular’ rising interest in QAnon amid the pandemic. A one-standard deviation (26.2days) increase in communication lateness is associated with a 26% increase in QAnon interest. In pre-registered Study 2, we find limited support for the proposition that early communication reduces self-reported pandemic-related conspiratorial ideation in a sample of respondents from 51 countries. Overall, our results provide evidence that interest in extreme ideas, like QAnon, are highly responsive to government risk communication, while less extreme forms of conspiracism are perhaps less so.
Learning With a Double-Edged Sword? Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Learning Tests—Taking a First Look at Linkages Among Tests, Later Learning Outcomes, Stress Perceptions, and Intelligence
Authors: Wenzel Kristin , Reinhard Marc-André
Published: September 2021

It has often been shown that tests as intentionally hindered and difficult learning tasks increase long-term learning compared to easier tasks. Previous work additionally indicated that higher intelligence might serve as a prerequisite for such beneficial effects of tests. Nevertheless, despite their long-term learning effects, tests were also found to be evaluated as more negative and to lead to more stress and anxiety compared to easier control tasks. Stress and anxiety, in turn, often yield detrimental effects on learning outcomes. Hence, we hypothesized that tests increase later learning outcomes but simultaneously also lead to more stress perceptions. Such increased stress was, in turn, hypothesized to reduce later learning outcomes (thus, stress might serve as a mediator of the beneficial effects of tests on learning). All these assumed effects should further be moderated by intelligence, insofar as that higher intelligence should increase beneficial effects of tests on learning, should decrease stress perceptions caused by tests, and should reduce detrimental effects of stress on learning outcomes. Higher intelligence was also assumed to be generally associated with higher learning. We conducted a laboratory study (N=89) to test these hypotheses: Participants underwent an intelligence screening, then worked on either a test or a re-reading control task, and reported their immediate stress perceptions. Later learning outcomes were assessed after 1week. The results supported all assumed main effects but none of the assumed interactions. Thus, participants using tests had higher long-term learning outcomes compared to participants using re-reading tasks. However, participants using tests also perceived more immediate stress compared to participants that only re-read the materials. These stress perceptions in turn diminished the beneficial effects of tests. Stress was also generally related to lower learning, whereas higher intelligence was linked to higher learning and also to lower stress. Hence, our findings again support the often assumed benefits of tests—even when simultaneously considering learners’ intelligence and and when considering the by tests caused stress perceptions. Notably, controlling for stress further increases these long-term learning benefits. We then discuss some limitations and boundaries of our work as well as ideas for future studies.
The Interactive Functions of Questions in Embodied Collaborative Work
Authors: Bietti Lucas M. , Bietti Federico U.
Published: September 2021

Researchers have been interested in the investigation of the interactive functions of questions in conversational contexts. However, limited research has been conducted on the interactive functions of questions in embodied collaborative work, that is, work that involves the manipulation of physical objects. This study aimed to identify the interactive functions of questions in embodied collaborative work. To do so, we conducted a systematic qualitative analysis of a dataset of 1,751 question-answer sequences collected from an experimental study where pairs of participants (N = 67) completed a collaborative food preparation task. The qualitative analysis enabled us to identify three functions of questions: anticipation questions, exploration questions, and confirmation questions. We have discussed in this study how the types of questions identified are associated with: (i) the accomplishment of interactional goals and (ii) complementary temporalities in the collaborative activities.
The Relationship Between Mindfulness, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bergmann Niklas , Hahn Eric , Hahne Inge , Zierhut Marco , Ta Thi Minh Tam , Bajbouj Malek , Pijnenborg Geradina Henrika Maria , Böge Kerem
Published: September 2021

Background: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are frequently accompanied by comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as impaired quality of life (QoL). A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the relevance of mindfulness for SSD in recent years. The study examined the association between mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and QoL.

Materials and Methods: A total of 83 participants with SSD were recruited at the in- and outpatient psychiatric hospital care. Participants completed the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire, Comprehensive Inventory for Mindful Experiences, and Freiburger Mindfulness Inventory, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale to assess depression and anxiety, and the WHO-QoL Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between mindfulness and QoL and the mediating role of depression and anxiety.

Results: Mindfulness had a significant statistical positive effect on QoL domains physical health, psychological, and environmental QoL in patients with SSD. Depression was identified as a significant mediator of this relationship.

Conclusion: This study provides novel insight into mindfulness’ mechanisms and paves the way for a process-oriented approach to treat SSD. The results provide first evidence for the process-based value of mindfulness for SSD; future studies can focus on the role of mindfulness for central therapeutic processes of change by employing longitudinal designs.
A Longitudinal Study of Foreign Language Enjoyment and L2 Grit: A Latent Growth Curve Modeling
Authors: Elahi Shirvan Majid , Taherian Tahereh , Shahnama Mojdeh , Yazdanmehr Elham
Published: September 2021

In line with the dynamic shift in SLA domain and the need for the development of suitable methods to explore the dynamics of emerging concepts in the field such as grit and enjoyment, in the present research, we intended to investigate the growth of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and L2 grit over time. To do this, we used a bivariate latent growth curve model (LGCM) to examine the covariance between 437 EFL learners' initial and growth levels of L2 grit and FLE in four measurement occasions of 2 week intervals. The data were collected via the original foreign language enjoyment scale and the L2 grit scale. The model including the covariance between intercepts and slopes of FLE and L2 grit was tested via Mplus 7. The findings indicated an increasing trend in the association between the growth levels of both variables. That is, the means of both L2 grit and FLE were larger at their growth level than their initial level. Also, analyzing the co-variations in the model showed that the covariances between the intercepts and slopes of FLE and L2 grit were statistically significant. This would point to the existence of a parallel process (co-development) of FLE and L2 grit. This result also implied that an increase in the level of FLE among the participants was strongly correlated with an increase in the level of L2 grit during the whole course. The findings were discussed with reference to previous studies in the literature and the implications were also provided.
A Tale of Two Capitals: How Task-Oriented and Guanxi-Oriented Psychological Capitals Lead to a Sustainable Workforce in Rural China
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Wei Dawei , Liu Jintao , Zhou Jiaxian
Published: September 2021

Psychological capital (PsyCap) is documented to be positive in influencing employees’ behavior. However, little attention has been paid to its role in maintaining a sustainable workforce in underprivileged rural areas. Also less known is the complex relations between PsyCap and other consequence variables. Moreover, previous studies in this field did not adequately address the cross-cultural applications of positive resources, though many facets of PsyCap are culture related. To address the gaps, the current study explored the complex relationships linking PsyCap and organizational commitment in a sample of public civil servants (gongwuyuan cadres, n=583) at the township level in the rural areas of northwestern China. Two types of PsyCap, task-oriented PsyCap, which is similar to the PsyCap in the west, and guanxi-oriented PsyCap, which is unique in the Chinese culture, were measured. Task-oriented PsyCap is composed of enterprise-diligence, resiliency-perseverance, optimism-hope, and confidence-courage. Guanxi-oriented PsyCap is composed of toleration-forgiveness, modesty-prudence, thanksgiving-dedication, and respect-courtesy. AMOS 23.0 software was used to establish structural equation models. The results show that both types of PsyCap were positive predictors of organizational commitment. Vocational identity and job satisfaction mediated the relation between task-oriented PsyCap/guanxi-oriented PsyCap and organizational commitment. The chained relationship from the two types of PsyCap to vocational identity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment was also significant. These results and their implications for workforce stability are discussed.
Perceptions of Wind Turbine Noise and Self-Reported Health in Suburban Residential Areas
Authors: Qu Fei , Tsuchiya Aki
Published: September 2021

Wind turbines play an important role in the worldwide mission of producing renewable energy. The development toward integrating large-scale wind turbines in the urban environment has raised concerns over the noise impacts on urban residents. While most of the existing studies on wind turbine noise (WTN) have focused on rural settings, this paper investigates the relationship between WTN, noise perception and self-reported health of people, and controlling for background characteristics of the residents in urbanized areas. Questionnaire surveys were carried out around three suburban wind farms in the UK with 359 respondents. A-weighted sound pressure levels of WTN were predicted using noise mapping, for the most exposed façade of each dwelling of the respondent. The dose-response relationship was found between WTN and annoyance, moderated by age and degree of education. WTN was associated with some aspects of self-reported health, including raised health concerns, having headaches, nausea, and ear discomfort, but was not related to sleep disturbance directly. Noise sensitivity, attitudes to wind energy, and visibility of the wind turbines were found to significantly influence self-reported health. By employing a second variant of the questionnaire with the research aim masked, this study also addressed the focusing effects induced by the questionnaire design. The significant differences in the reported adverse health between questionnaire variants implied focusing bias among the sample who knew the research purpose. This elicited a methodological finding that should be noted in future research.
Research on Migrant Works' Concern Recognition and Emotion Analysis Based on Web Text Data
Authors: Dou Zhijie , Cheng Zixuan , Huang Dongmei
Published: September 2021

Based on the characteristics of convenience, autonomy, and equality, online self-media has become an important way for contemporary migrant workers to observe the world, understand society, examine themselves and express their demands. On the basis of the analysis of the domestic migrant works' concerns and their emotion analysis, we crawl data on Weibo about migrant works' topics as the basic corpus of migrant works' concerns, and then uses a combination of TF-IDF and Word2Vec methods to construct a recognition model of migrant workers' concerns. We found that wages, children's education, medical care and returning home are the main concerns of migrant workers. Meanwhile, further emotion analysis of the migrant works' concerns of using a deep learning model fused with Bi-LSTM and CNN was conducted. The results show that the proportion of negative emotion such as worries, complaints and impetuosity was significantly higher than that of other positive and neutral emotion like encourage and comfort. And the time when the negative emotion are concentrated is significantly related to the social events that occur in the corresponding time period. On the one hand, it shows that the concerns and emotion of migrant workers can be effectively observed and predicted through web text data. On the other hand, it also shows that the core well-being issues of migrant workers in the process of urban integration have not been effectively solved, and the government and relevant departments need to take targeted measures and give priority attention.
Investigating Students' Metacognitive Experiences: Insights From the English as a Foreign Language Learners' Writing Metacognitive Experiences Questionnaire (EFLLWMEQ)
Authors: Sun Qiyu , Zhang Lawrence Jun , Carter Susan
Published: September 2021

While research on metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive strategies in second language (L2) writing has proliferated, little attention has been paid to metacognitive experiences in learning to write. This study contributes a novel 6-point Likert scale questionnaire,EFL Learners' Writing Metacognitive Experiences Questionnaire (EFLLWMEQ), and reports insights into learners' metacognitive experiences gathered from its use. The questionnaire was designed to investigate, first, the nature of students' metacognitive experiences when they learn to write in English as a foreign language (EFL) and, secondly, the relationship between students' metacognitive experiences and their writing performance. To this end, the questionnaire was developed and validated with two independent samples of 340 and 540 Chinese undergraduates whose metacognitive experiences were measured as they learned to write in EFL. Data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. Findings of EFA and CFA revealed a four-factor structure of students' metacognitive experiences of EFL writing: Metacognitive estimates, metacognitive feelings, online task-specific metacognitive knowledge, and online task-specific metacognitive strategies. Results showed that students' metacognitive experiences had positive correlations with their EFL writing test scores. Importantly, the CFA results from the sample of 540 students supported the four-factor correlated model with the best model fit, confirming the validity and reliability of theEFLLWMEQ. This study has theoretical and pedagogical implications for how learners' metacognitive experiences can be managed in learning to write, particularly in EFL classrooms.
Persistence of Neuronal Alterations in Alcohol-Dependent Patients at Conclusion of the Gold Standard Withdrawal Treatment: Evidence From ERPs
Authors: Kuntz André , Missonnier Pascal , Prévot Anne , Favre Grégoire , Herrmann François R. , Debatisse Damien , Merlo Marco C. G. , Gothuey Isabelle
Published: September 2021

Background: One of the main challenges for clinicians is to ensure that alcohol withdrawal treatment is the most effective possible after discharge. To address this issue, we designed a pilot study to investigate the efficacy of the rehabilitation treatment on the main stages of information processing, using an electroencephalographic method. This topic is of main importance as relapse rates after alcohol withdrawal treatment remain very high, indicating that established treatment methods are not fully effective in all patients in the long run.

Method: We examined in alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) the effects of the benzodiazepine-based standard detoxification program on event-related potential components at incoming (D0) and completion (D15) of the treatment, using tasks of increasing difficulty (with and without workload) during an auditory oddball target paradigm. Untreated non-alcohol-dependent-volunteers were used as matching controls.

Results: At D0, ADP displayed significantly lower amplitude for all ERP components in both tasks, as compared to controls. At D15, this difference disappeared for the amplitude of the N1 component during the workload-free task, as well as the amplitude of the P3b for both tasks. Meanwhile, the amplitude of the N2 remained lower in both tasks for ADP. At D0, latencies of N2 and P3b in both task conditions were longer in ADP, as compared to controls, whilst the latency of N1 was unchanged. At D15, the N2 latency remained longer for the workload condition only, whereas the P3b latency remained longer for the workload-free task only.

Conclusion: The present pilot results provide evidence for a persistence of impaired parameters of ERP components, especially the N2 component. This suggests that neural networks related to attention processing remain dysfunctional. Longitudinal long-term follow-up of these patients is mandatory for further assessment of a link between ERP alterations and a later risk of relapse.
Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale
Authors: Lee Eun Sol , Ryu Vin , Lee Ji Hyun , Hong Hyeon , Han Hyeree , Park Subin
Published: September 2021

Background: Job stress of mental health professionals can have a negative impact on them, particularly their psychological health and mortality, and may also affect organizations' and institutions' ability to provide quality mental health services to patients.

Aim: This study aimed to: (1) investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Mental Health Professionals Stress Scale (K-MHPSS), (2) develop K-MHPSS cut-off points to measure clinical depression and anxiety, and (3) examine whether specific stressors vary by area of expertise.

Methodology: Data were collected via an online survey over 3 months, from August to October 2020. An online survey using a survey website was administered to volunteers who accessed the link and consented to participate. Data from 558 participants (200 clinical psychologists, 157 nurses, and 201 social workers) were included in the final analysis. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to examine the factor structure of the K-MHPSS; concurrent validity of the scale was determined by analyzing correlation; internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, ROC curve analysis and Youden's index were used to estimate optimal cut-off points for K-MHPSS; one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the difference among the three groups.

Results: The seven-factor model of the original scale did not be replicated by Korean mental health professionals. The K-MHPSS had the best fit with the six-factor model, which consists of 34 items. Concurrent validity was confirmed, and overall reliability was found to be good. The K-MHPSS cut-off points for depression and anxiety appeared to slightly different by professional groups. Furthermore, nurses and social workers showed significantly higher total scores compared to clinical psychologists, and there are significant differences in subscale scores among professionals.

Conclusion: The Korean version of the MHPSS has appropriate psychometric properties and can be used to assess the occupational stress of mental health professionals. It can also serve as a reference point for screening clinical level of depression and anxiety in mental health professionals.
Time to Evaluate the Clinical Repercussions of Zika Virus Vertical Transmission? A Systematic Review
Authors: Amaral Yasmin Notarbartolo di Villarosa do , Malacarne Jocieli , Brandão Paloma Glauca , Brasil Patrícia , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes
Published: September 2021

Background: Vertical transmission of Zika Virus (ZIKV) can be associated with several clinical features in newborn infants. The goal of the present review was to analyze the current state of knowledge regarding clinical repercussions following perinatal exposure to ZIKV in children up to 3 years of age.

Methods: A systematic review of published studies was carried out, without the restriction of language or date of publication, identified in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scopus, and Web of Science and the catalog for CAPES theses and dissertations. According to the proposed flowchart, the bibliographic search resulted in 1,563 papers. Of these, according to the eligibility criteria, 70 were selected for systematic review; all were published between 2016 and 2021.

Results: Regarding clinical findings, 19 papers evaluated clinical imaging alterations, 21 ophthalmic manifestations, and 39 evaluated the central nervous system; of these, 15 analyzed neuro-psychomotor development. The remainder evaluated audiological (n = 14), nutritional (n = 14), orthopedic (n = 7), cardiorespiratory (n = 5), genitourinary (n = 3) or endocrinological (n = 1) manifestations.

Conclusion: It is critical for studies to continue monitoring children with antenatal ZIKV exposure as they grow, given the unknown long-term repercussions of ZIKV and the recognized postnatal complications of this infection during pregnancy. Broader descriptions of observed clinical findings are also important in order to characterize the entire spectrum of disease in children.

Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO REGISTER: CRD42020205947.
Effect of Estrous Cycle on Behavior of Females in Rodent Tests of Anxiety
Authors: Lovick Thelma A. , Zangrossi Hélio
Published: September 2021

Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions e.g., premenstrual syndrome, are menstrual cycle specific. Animal models of fear and anxiety, which form the basis for research into drug treatments, have been developed almost exclusively, using males. There remains a paucity of work using females and the available literature presents a confusing picture. One confound is the estrous cycle in females, which some authors consider, but many do not. Importantly, there are no accepted standardized criteria for defining cycle phase, which is important given the rapidly changing hormonal profile during the 4-day cycle of rodents. Moreover, since many behavioral tests that involve a learning component or that consider extinction of a previously acquired association require several days to complete; the outcome may depend on the phase of the cycle on the days of training as well as on test days. In this article we consider responsiveness of females compared to males in a number of commonly used behavioral tests of anxiety and fear that were developed in male rodents. We conclude that females perform in a qualitatively similar manner to males in most tests although there may be sex and strain differences in sensitivity. Tests based on unconditioned threatening stimuli are significantly influenced by estrous cycle phase with animals displaying increased responsiveness in the late diestrus phase of the cycle (similar to the premenstrual phase in women). Tests that utilize conditioned fear paradigms, which involve a learning component appear to be less impacted by the estrous cycle although sex and cycle-related differences in responding can still be detected. Ethologically-relevant tests appear to have more translational value in females. However, even when sex differences in behavior are not detected, the same outward behavioral response may be mediated by different brain mechanisms. In order to progress basic research in the field of female psychiatry and psychopharmacology, there is a pressing need to validate and standardize experimental protocols for using female animal models of anxiety-related states.
Associations Between Maternal Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Events With Child Psychopathology: Results From a Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Glaus Jennifer , Pointet Perizzolo Virginie , Moser Dominik A. , Vital Marylène , Rusconi Serpa Sandra , Urben Sébastien , Plessen Kerstin J. , Schechter Daniel S.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Exposure to interpersonal violence (IPV) can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers, and in turn adversely affect the mother-child relationship during early development, as well as the mental health of their children. Our objectives are to assess: (1) the association of maternal IPV-PTSD to child psychopathology, (2) the association of maternal IPV independently of PTSD to child psychopathology, and (3) the relationship between child exposure to violence to the psychopathology of these children.

Methods: We used data from the longitudinal Geneva Early Childhood Stress Project. The sample included 64 children [mean age at Phase 1 = 2.4 (1.0–3.7) years] of mothers with or without IPV-PTSD. Data on mothers was collected during Phase 1, using the Clinical Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Brief Physical and Sexual Abuse Questionnaire (BPSAQ) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Modules of a semi-structured diagnostic interview, and the Violence Exposure Scale were used to collect information on child at Phase 2, when children were older [mean age = 7.02 (4.7–10)].

Results: A higher CAPS score in mothers when children were toddler-age was associated with an increased risk of symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; β = 0.33, p = 0.014) and PTSD in school-age children. The association between maternal IPV-PTSD and child PTSD (β = 0.48, p < 0.001) symptoms remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. Among children, exposure to violence was associated with an increased risk of symptoms of generalized anxiety (β = 0.37, p = 0.006), major depressive (β = 0.24, p = 0.039), ADHD (β = 0.27, p = 0.040), PTSD (β = 0.52, p < 0.001), conduct (β = 0.58, p = 0.003) and oppositional defiant (β = 0.34, p = 0.032) disorders.

Conclusion: Our longitudinal findings suggest that maternal IPV-PTSD during the period of child development exert an influence on the development of psychopathology in school-aged children. Mothers' IPV was associated with child psychopathology, independently of PTSD. Child lifetime exposure to violence had an additional impact on the development of psychopathology. Careful evaluation of maternal life-events is essential during early childhood to reduce the risk for the development of child psychopathology. Early efforts to curb exposure to violence in children and early intervention are both needed to reduce further risk for intergenerational transmission of trauma, violence, and related psychopathology.
Right Care, First Time: Developing a Theory-Based Automated Protocol to Help Clinically Stage Young People Based on Severity and Persistence of Mental Illness
Authors: Iorfino Frank , Cheng Vanessa Wan Sze , Cross Shane P. , Yee Hannah F. , Davenport Tracey A. , Scott Elizabeth M. , Hickie Ian B.
Published: September 2021

Most mental disorders emerge before the age of 25 years and, if left untreated, have the potential to lead to considerable lifetime burden of disease. Many services struggle to manage high demand and have difficulty matching individuals to timely interventions due to the heterogeneity of disorders. The technological implementation of clinical staging for youth mental health may assist the early detection and treatment of mental disorders. We describe the development of a theory-based automated protocol to facilitate the initial clinical staging process, its intended use, and strategies for protocol validation and refinement. The automated clinical staging protocol leverages the clinical validation and evidence base of the staging model to improve its standardization, scalability, and utility by deploying it using Health Information Technologies (HIT). Its use has the potential to enhance clinical decision-making and transform existing care pathways, but further validation and evaluation of the tool in real-world settings is needed.