bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SERANGAN BOKTOR (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe) DAN KARAT TUMOR (Uromycladium tepperianum (Sacc.) McAlpine) PADA SENGON (Falcataria mollucana (Miq.) DI PERKEBUNAN TEH CIATER
Authors: Jusuf Wida Darwiati , Anggraeni Illa
Published: August 2018

Sengon has become one of the preferred tree because it has many advantages over other commercial tree species. It was widely cultivated with a monoculture system, like agricultural cultivation. The consequence of monoculture planting system was the unstable microclimate environment, so the ecosystem was susceptible to the pest and disease explosion. As happens at the Ciater plantation site, sengon plants were attacked by pests and diseases. The purpose of research were to study the extent data and intensity of boktor pests and tumor rust disease, boktor pest and bioecological behavior causing tumor rust on sengon as a protective and shade plant. The percentage and intensity of attacks caused by boktor pests and tumor rust disease was relatively high. The lowest percentage of boktor attacks was 40% and the highest was 90%. It could be categorized as serious severity, even dead plants. The percentage and intensity of the attacks indicated that the pests living on sengon could thrive in suitable food sources. Likewise with the percentage and intensity of attacks caused by rust disease has reached 100%, so it could be categorized as the level of damage was high.Keywords: boktor pests, intensity of attack, percentage, sengon, tumor rust disease . ABSTRAK          Sengon salah satu pohon yang memiliki banyak keunggulan dibandingkan jenis pohon lainnya dan banyak dibudidayakan secara luas dengan sistem monokultur seperti budidaya pertanian. Konsekuensi sistem tanam monokultur adalah lingkungan mikroklimat yang tidak stabil, sehingga ekosistemnya rentan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk memperoleh data luas dan intensitas serangan hama boktor dan penyakit karat tumor, perilaku hama boktor dan bioekologi penyebab penyakit karat tumor pada sengon. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan visual setiap tegakan yang terserang oleh hama boktor dan penyakit karat tumor. Persentase dan intensitas serangan akibat hama dan penyakit ini relatif tinggi, untuk hama boktor persentase dan intensitas terendah 40% yang tertinggi 90%, sehingga dapat dikategorikan tingkat keparahan berat, bahkan ada tanaman yang mati. Persentase dan intensitas serangan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hama yang hidup pada tegakan sengon berkembang dengan sumber makanan yang cocok. Begitu juga dengan persentase dan intensitas serangan akibat penyakit karat tumor sudah mencapai 100%, sehingga dapat dikategorikan tingkat keparahan yang tergolong berat. Kata Kunci : boktor, intensitas serangan, karat tumor, persentase serangan, sengon.
Üniversite Sıralamasında Akademik Teşvik Puanlarının Kullanılması: Devlet Üniversiteleri Fakülteleri Sıralaması [DÜS-2018]
Authors: Karadag Engin , Yücel Cemil , Belenkuyu Cünety
Published: August 2018

Devlet
Üniversiteleri ve Fakülteleri Sıralaması [DÜS] ilk olarak 2016 yılında
gerçekleştirilmiş olup araştırma 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında tekrarlanmıştır. DÜS’un
temel amacı, devlet üniversitelerini ve fakültelerini akademik teşvik puanları
temelinde sıralayarak üniversite yönetimlerine farklı bir veri kaynağı
sağlamaktır. DÜS Türkiye’deki devlet üniversite ve fakültelerini akademik
teşvik performanslarına göre sıralamaktadır. Sıralamasında, üniversitelerin
akademik teşvik komisyonları tarafından onaylanan puanlar ile YÖK tarafından
yayınlanan öğretim üyesi verileri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar; Fakülte türlerinin
puanlarının ortalamaları sıralandığında en yüksek puan ortalamasına sahip ilk
üç fakülte türü; (i) Su Ürünleri, (ii) Eczacılık ve (iii) Orman Fakültelerine aittir. Devlet üniversiteleri akademik
teşvik sistemi temelinde sıralandığında ilk beş üniversitesi; (i) İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, (ii) İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi, (iii) Ege Üniversitesi, (iv) Hacettepe Üniversitesi ve (v) Akdeniz Üniversitesi’dir.
Türk Üniversiteleri Sıralama Göstergelerinin Ağırlıklandırılması: University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) Türkiye Genel Sıralaması Örneği
Authors: ÖZBAŞI Durmuş , USLU Barış
Published: August 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, URAP Türkiye Genel Sıralaması’nda kullanılan
puanlama göstergelerinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olanların belirlenmesi
ve belirlenen göstergelerin yüzdelik olarak ağırlıklandırılmasıdır. Araştırma, URAP
verilerinin ikincil kullanımına dayalı, regresyon modellemesi olarak
tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan veri seti, 2010-2018 arası URAP Türkiye
Genel Sıralamaları’na ait puanlar kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Türk
üniversiteleri sıralaması için URAP tarafından kullanılan beş gösterge Makale, Toplam
Atıf, Toplam Bilimsel Doküman, Doktora Mezun Öğrenci Sayısı ve Öğretim
Üyesi/Öğrenci puanlarıdır. Bu göstergelere ait ilk yedi yılki puan ortalamaları
hesaplanmış ve bu ortalamalar 2017-18 URAP Türkiye Genel Sıralaması toplam
puanlarını açıklamak amacıyla bağımsız değişkenler olarak atanmıştır. Anlamlı göstergelerin
hepsinin bir arada bulunduğu ve determinant katsayısı (R2) bire
yakın en kapsamlı istatistiksel modelin belirlenmesi için Aşamalı [Stepwise] Regresyon
Analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, 2017-18 URAP Türkiye Genel Sıralaması
toplam puanlarına ait varyansın tamamına yakınını (R2=,942)
açıklayan bir regresyon modeli elde edilmiştir. Beş göstergeden yalnızca Toplam
Bilimsel Doküman Puanı bu modelde anlamlı (p>.05) gösterge olarak yer
almamaktadır. Anlamlı göstergeler olan Makale, Toplam Atıf, Doktora Mezun
Öğrenci Sayısı ve Öğretim Üyesi/Öğrenci puan ortalamalarına ait standardize
edilmiş beta (β) katsayıları kullanılarak bu göstergeler ağırlıklandırılmıştır.
Anlamlı göstergelere ilişkin ağırlıklar Makale Puanı için %47,83, Doktora Mezun
Öğrenci Sayısı Puanı için %33,61, Toplam Atıf Puanı için %13,48 ve Öğretim
Üyesi/Öğrenci Puanı için %5,08 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Anlamlı göstergelere ait
ağırlıklar kullanılarak yeniden hesaplanan 2017-18 gösterge puanlarının toplamı
ile ağırlıklandırma işlemi yapılmadan aynı göstergelere ait puanların toplamı
üzerinden Türk üniversiteleri sıralamaları oluşturularak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Yapılan karşılaştırmada, 19 üniversitenin aynı sırada yer aldığı ve 102
üniversitenin sıralamalarının bir ile 22 basamak arasında değiştiği
belirlenmiştir.
Relationship between body size variables and performance in repeated sprints test in young soccer players
Authors: Borges Paulo H. , Costa Julio C. , Silva Luiz F.R. , Gouvêa Marcio A. , Ronque Enio R.V.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

During the first two decades of life, athletes pass through intense changes in body size, which can directly influence physical fitness, especially anaerobic tasks.

OBJECTIVE:

We examined which body size variables can discriminate the level of anaerobic performance in young soccer players.

METHODS:

The sample was composed of 102 regional players (14.5 [Formula: see text] 1.6 years) belonging to youth soccer clubs at a regional level. Anthropometric measures of weight and height were carried out. A left hand-wrist radiograph was taken to identify bone age of the players. To assess anaerobic fitness, the 7-sprints test protocol was applied. To analyze the relationship between body size variables and anaerobic capacity, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Through the non-hierarchical k-means cluster method, players were grouped into three anaerobic levels: high ([Formula: see text] 22), average ([Formula: see text] 44), and low ([Formula: see text] 36). Subsequently, discriminant analysis (stepwise method) was used to verify which growth variable discriminates the level of anaerobic fitness ([Formula: see text] 0.05).

RESULTS:

Results indicated that 7 sprints performance is related to chronological age ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.41; [Formula: see text] 0.01), bone age ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.43; [Formula: see text] 0.01), height ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.33; [Formula: see text] 0.01), and body mass ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.23; [Formula: see text] 0.01) in U-14 soccer players. Height was able to discriminate the level of anaerobic fitness across U-14 players ([Formula: see text] 0.46, [Formula: see text] 0.68, [Formula: see text](6) [Formula: see text] 19.89). No significant predictors were identified for U-17 anaerobic performance.

DISCUSSION:

Body size is related to 7 sprints performance in U-14 youth players, while biological maturation seems to influence physical fitness.
Optimal overhang structure considering overhang effects in the axial flux permanent magnet motor
Authors: Kim Ki-Hoon , Jeong Byung Hwan , Woo Dong-Kyun
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the overhang structure, which has been used in the radial flux permanent magnet motor, was applied to the axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor. Moreover, the overhang effect was investigated for different overhang structures. Because the AFPM motor has an enlarged form along radial direction, the leakage flux and the saturation effect are considerably different at inner and outer radius of the stator. Therefore, inner and outer overhang part could have different overhang effects. This can lead to the optimization problem with optimal overhang length. Because the AFPM motor requires 3D finite element analysis from its 3D structure, an efficient optimization algorithm is required for optimal overhang structure. In order to increase the convergence speed of the optimization algorithm, this paper proposed the gradient assisted contour method.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Health Services in the Halabja Governorate
Authors: MuhammadSaid Najmaldeen Hadi
Published: August 2018

تتناول هذه الدراسة كفاءة وتوزيع الخدمات الصحية للمؤسسات الصحية في محافظة حلبجة، انطلاقاً من خلال اعتبار الخدمات الصحية تعد جزءاً مهماً وأساسياً في النظام الصحي لأي بلد لاسيما في العالم النامي، لأنها تخدم الغالبية العظمى من السكان وتقوم بتأمين صحة الإنسان والحفاظ على سلامته من الأمراض، لذلك تسعى جميع الدول إلى تطويرها ورفدها بكل ما يلزمها.
وقد تناول البحث في إطار المنهجية المعتمدة لأغراض هذه الدراسة تكونت هيكليتها من المقدمة وجانب النظري الذي يتضمن محافظة حلبجة أهم ملامحها ولمحة تأريخية عن خدمات الصحية فيها وبعض مفاهيم عامة وضرورية المستخدمة في البحث  ومن ثم  تطور الخدمات الصحية للمؤسسات التي تقدم تلك الخدمات في محافظة حلبجة وتوزيعها الجغرافي حسب الوحدات الإدارية فيها، فضلاً عن معرفة واقع الخدمات الصحية في المحافظة لعام 2015، وقياس كفاءتها وفق المعايير المحلية والعالمية، وذلك باستخدام عدد من المؤشرات الصحية، والعمل على كفاءة ورفع مستوى الخدمات الصحية في المحافظة،ومن ثم بغية الوصول إلى تقديم أفضل الخدمات الصحية بكفاءة عالية لسكانها و في نهاية البحث أشرت إلى أهم الأستنتاجات والتوصيات التي وصلت إليها في هذا البحث.
پوختە
ئەم توێژینەوەیە باس لە کارایی(شیاوی)  و دابەشکردنی خزمەتگوزارییە تەندروستییەکان دەکات بۆ دامەزراوە تەندروستییەکان لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە. سەرچاوە لە ڕەچاوکردنی خزمەتگوزارییە تەندروستییەکان وەک بەشێکی گرنگ و جەوهەری سیستەمی تەندروستی هەر وڵاتێک، بەتایبەتی لە وڵاتانی تازەپێگەیشتودا، خزمەت بە زۆرینەی دانیشتووان دەکات تەندروستی مرۆڤ مسۆگەر دەکات و سەلامەتی خۆی لە نەخۆشی دەپارێزێت، بۆیە هەموو وڵاتان هەوڵ دەدەن پەرەی پێبدەن و هەموو شتێکی پێویستیان بۆ دابین بکەن.
توێژینەوەکە لە چوارچێوەی میتۆدۆلۆژیای پەسەندکراودا بۆ مەبەستی ئەم توێژینەوەیە مامەڵەی لەگەڵدا کراو، پێکهاتەکەی لە پێشەکییەک و لایەنی تیۆری پێکهاتووە، کە پارێزگاری هەڵەبجە و تایبەتمەندییە گرنگەکانی و تێڕوانینێکی گشتی مێژوویی بۆ خزمەتگوزارییە تەندروستییەکانی لەخۆدەگرێت. وە چەند چەمکێکی گشتی و پێویست کە لە توێژینەوەکەدا بەکارهێنراون و پاشان پەرەپێدانی خزمەتگوزاری تەندروستی بۆ ئەو دامەزراوانەی کە ئەو خزمەتگوزاریانە پێشکەش دەکەن لە پارێزگای هەڵەبجە و دابەشکردنی جوگرافییان بەپێی یەکە کارگێڕییەکانی تێیدا، جگە لە زانینی واقیعی خزمەتگوزاری تەندروستی لە پارێزگا بۆ ساڵی 2015، و کاراییەکەی بەپێی ستانداردە ناوخۆیی و نێودەوڵەتییەکان بپێوێت، بە بەکارهێنانی کۆمەڵێک نیشاندەری تەندروستی کارکردن لەسەر کارایی و بەرزکردنەوەی ئاستی خزمەتگوزاری تەندروستی لە پارێزگاکە، و پاشان بە مەبەستی گەیشتن بە پێشکەشکردنی باشترین خزمەتگوزاری تەندروستی بە کارایەکی بەرز بۆ دانیشتووانەکەی، لە کۆتایی توێژینەوەکەدا ئاماژە دراوە  بە گرنگترین ئەو دەرەنجام و پێشنیارانەی کە ئەم لێکۆڵینەوەیەیە پێی گەیشتووە.
Pengaruh Relaksasi Religius terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Insomnia pada Lansia Di PSLU Bondowoso
Authors: Vitaliati Trisna
Published: August 2018

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidenfikasi pengaruh relaksasi religius terhadap penurunan tingkat insomia di PSLU Bondowoso. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah quasi experimental dengan pendekatan pre-post test control group design menggunakan instrumen Insomnia Rating Scale, dilakukan pada kelompok intervensi (n=31) dan kelompok kontrol (n=31). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rerata perubahan tingkat insomnia pada kelompok intervensi maupun kelompok kontrol. Pada hasil uji Mann Whitney didapatkan nilai p-value=0,021 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi relaksasi religius berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penurunan tingkat insomnia pada lansia. Diskusi: Relaksasi religius akan membuat seseorang merasa tenang sehingga kemudian menekan kerja saraf simpatis dan mengaktifkan kerja sistem saraf parasimpatis. Perlakuan relaksasi religius cukup efektif untuk memperpendek waktu dari mulai merebahkan tubuh hingga tertidur dan mudah memasuki tidur. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa relaksasi religius yang dilakukan dapat membuat lebih relaks sehingga kesulitan ketika mengawali tidur dapat diatasi dengan perlakuan ini. Kesimpulan: Teknik relaksasi religius efektif menurunkan tingkat insomnia pada lansia sehingga program ini disarankan dapat diterapkan pada lansia sebagai bagian dari program kesehatan lansia.Kata Kunci: insomnia, lansia, relaksasi religius.EFFECT OF RELIGIUS RELAXATION ON DECREASING INSOMNIA LEVEL IN THE ELDERLY AT PSLU BONDOWOSOABSTRACTObjective: This study aims to identify the effect of religious relaxation on decreasing insomnia level at PSLU Bondowoso. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental with pre-posttest control group design using Insomnia Rating Scale and was conducted on intervention group (n=31) and control group (n=31). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate. Results: The results of the study indicated the average score of changes in insomnia levels in intervention group and control group. The results ofMann-Whitney test indicated p-value=0.021 so it could be concluded that religious relaxation therapy significantly affected the decrease in insomnia levels in the elderly. Discussion: Religious relaxation will make a person feel calm, which will then press the work of sympathetic nervous and activate the work of the parasympathetic nervous system. The treatment of religious relaxation is effective to shorten the time from lying down to falling asleep and easily entering into sleep. This proves that religious relaxation can make a person more relaxed so that difficulty when initiating sleep can be overcome by this treatment. Conclusion: Religious relaxation technique is effective in decreasing insomnia levels in the elderly so that this program is recommended to be applied in the elderly as a part of elderly health program.Keywords: insomnia, elderly, religious relaxation
Fizik Öğretmeni Adaylarının Elektrik Konusunda Bazı Kavramlara Ait Metaforik Algıları
Authors: KURT Havva Sibel , SARI Musa
Published: August 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Fizik Öğretmeni adaylarının Elektrik konusunda 10
temel kavrama ait metaforik algılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu kavramlar,
“elektron”, “proton”, “elektrik alanı”, “yük”, “iletken”, “yalıtkan”, “yarı
iletken”, “akı”, “manyetik alan” ve “kondansatör” kavramlarıdır. Araştırma, bir Devlet Üniversitesinin, Eğitim
Fakültesi 3. Sınıf Fizik Öğretmeni adayları ile 2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim
yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrencilere, “Kavram…’dir.  Çünkü…” soru kalıbı açık uçlu olarak
sunularak kendi metaforik algıları ortaya çıkarmak istenmiş, çünkü ifadesi ile
oluşturdukları bu metaforları dayanaklandırmaları
beklenmiştir. 10 gönüllü öğretmen adayı ile gerçekleşen bu araştırmada,
nitel analiz tekniklerinden betimleme tekniğine başvurulmuştur. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümü, 4 hafta süren mülakattan
oluşmaktadır. Bu mülakata, araştırmanın birinci bölümünde verdikleri
cevapların tutarlılığı açısından seçilen 4 öğretmen adayı gönüllü olarak
katılmıştır. Mülakatta öğretmen adaylarının, sorulara verdikleri cevapların
derinlemesine incelenmesi yapılmak istenmiş bu amaçla sorular alt problemlerle
desteklenerek sunulmuştur. Bulgular ses kaydı cihazıyla 4 hafta boyunca
kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda, Fizik Öğretmeni adaylarının, her kavrama
ait kendi metaforlarının dağılımı, frekans analiziyle gösterilmiştir. Bu
frekans analizleri ile oluşturulan grafikler, 10 temel kavram için ayrı ayrı
çizilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda 93 adet metafor bulunmuştur. Bu
metaforlar, nesneye ait özellikleri çağrıştırma, kişiye ait özellikleri
çağrıştırma ve soyut kavramlara ait özellikleri çağrıştırma özellikleri
açısından 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, ülkemizde ve dünyada
yapılan araştırmalar ile karşılaştırılmış, farklar ve benzerlikler ortaya
çıkarılmıştır.
Guest Editors' Introduction: ‘Radical Transnationalism: The French Revolution in Europe's Political Imagination’
Authors: Mucignat Rosa , Perovic Sanja
Published: August 2018

What happens when a transnational revolutionary idiom is translated into specific languages, each equipped with its own historical frames of references? This special issue tracks the various ways the French Revolution was creatively re-appropriated in British, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Polish contexts in order to recover the multiple futures of the Revolution's past. By shifting the focus towards the mobility of revolutionary language – not just what it says, but how it travels, where it goes, and what it becomes – we seek to offer new tools to assess the potential and limits of the revolutionary project.
The Spanish Bastille? Mariano José de Larra and the Death of the Inquisition
Authors: Muñoz Sempere Daniel
Published: August 2018

This article explores the background to Mariano Jose de Larra's ‘Día de Difuntos de 1836’ (‘All Souls’ Day, 1836'). In particular, it considers Larra's mockery of the symbolic death of the Spanish Inquisition as a belated, timid gesture, a reminder of the troubled and meandering course of the Spanish Liberal Revolution. By examining the symbolic dimension of the Inquisition during the Spanish revolutionary cycle, but also post-revolutionary allusions to the Tribunal and its possible revival, we aim to enrich our understanding of Larra's satire and its engagement with historical change.
Gait Training with Bilateral Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Soonhyun , Lee Kyeongjin , Song Changho
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gait training with bilateral rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on lower extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients. Forty-four participants (<6 months after stroke) were randomly allocated to the gait training with bilateral rhythmic auditory stimulation (GTBR) group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 21). The GTBR group had gait training with bilateral RAS for 30 min a day, 5 days a week, in a 6-week period, in addition to conventional therapy. The control group had gait training without RAS, and conventional therapy. Outcome measures included gait symmetry, gait ability, balance ability, and lower extremity function. Gait symmetry on step time showed significant improvements compared to baseline (p < 0.05) in the GTBR group, but not in the control group. Gait ability was significantly improved in both groups relative to baseline values (p < 0.05), and the GTBR group showed significantly greater improvement in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvements in the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) compared to baseline (p < 0.05). GTBR is an effective therapeutic method of improving symmetric gait in stroke rehabilitation. Moreover, we found that GTBR beat frequency matching fast step time might be even more beneficial in improving gait symmetry. Future studies may develop a method of applying RAS on step time and length for improvement of gait symmetry in stroke patients.
Delivering Pediatric Palliative Care: From Denial, Palliphobia, Pallilalia to Palliactive
Authors: Friedrichsdorf Stefan J. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Among the over 21 million children with life-limiting conditions worldwide that would benefit annually from a pediatric palliative care (PPC) approach, more than eight million would need specialized PPC services. In the United States alone, more than 42,000 children die every year, half of them infants younger than one year. Advanced interdisciplinary pediatric palliative care for children with serious illnesses is now an expected standard of pediatric medicine. Unfortunately, in many institutions there remain significant barriers to achieving optimal care related to lack of formal education, reimbursement issues, the emotional impact of caring for a dying child, and most importantly, the lack of interdisciplinary PPC teams with sufficient staffing and funding. Data reveals the majority of distressing symptoms in children with serious illness (such as pain, dyspnea and nausea/vomiting) were not addressed during their end-of-life period, and when treated, therapy was commonly ineffective. Whenever possible, treatment should focus on continued efforts to control the underlying illness. At the same time, children and their families should have access to interdisciplinary care aimed at promoting optimal physical, psychological and spiritual wellbeing. Persistent myths and misconceptions have led to inadequate symptom control in children with life-limiting diseases. Pediatric Palliative Care advocates the provision of comfort care, pain, and symptom management concurrently with disease-directed treatments. Families no longer have to opt for one over the other. They can pursue both, and include integrative care to maximize the child’s quality of life. Since most of the sickest children with serious illness are being taken care of in a hospital, every children’s hospital is now expected to offer an interdisciplinary palliative care service as the standard of care. This article addresses common myths and misconceptions which may pose clinical obstacles to effective PPC delivery and discusses the four typical stages of pediatric palliative care program implementation.
Urban Cold and Heat Island in the City of Bragança (Portugal)
Authors: Gonçalves Artur , Ornellas Gabriella , Castro Ribeiro António , Maia Filipe , Rocha Alfredo , Feliciano Manuel
Published: August 2018

The thermal environment is an important aspect of the urban environment because it affects the quality of life of urban residents and the energy use in buildings. Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Urban Cold Island (UCI) are complementary effects that are the consequence of cities’ structures interference with the local climate. This article presents results from five years of urban climate monitoring (2012–2016) in a small Portuguese city (Bragança) using a dense meteorological network of 23 locations covering a wide array of Local Climate Zones (LCZ), from urban areas to nearby rural areas. Results show the presence of both the UHI effect, from mid-afternoon until sunrise, and the UCI after sunrise, both being more intense under the dense midrise urban context and during the summer. Urban Green Spaces had an impact on both UHI and UCI, with an important role in cooling areas of the city during daytime in the summer. Other LCZs had less impact on local thermal conditions. Despite the small size of this city, both effects (UHI and UCI) had a relevant intensity with an impact on local climate conditions. Both effects tend to decrease in intensity with increasing wind speed and precipitation.
Macro and Meso Characteristics of In-Situ Oil Shale Pyrolysis Using Superheated Steam
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Dong , Li Xiang , Zhao Jing , Wang Guoying , Zhao Yangsheng
Published: August 2018

The efficiency of oil shale pyrolysis is directly related to the feasibility of in-situ mining technology. Taiyuan University of Technology (China) proposed the technology of in-situ convective heating of oil shale, which uses superheated steam as the heat carrier to heat the oil shale’s ore-body and transport the pyrolysis products. Based on the simulated experiments of in-situ oil shale pyrolysis using superheated steam, the changes in fracture characteristics, pyrolysis characteristics and mesoscopic characteristics of the oil shale during the pyrolysis have been systematically studied in this work. The Xinjiang oil shale’s pyrolysis temperature ranged within 400–510 °C. When the temperature is 447 °C, the rate of pyrolysis of kerogen is the fastest. During the pyrolysis process, the pressure of superheated steam changes within the range of 0.1–11.1 MPa. With the continuous thermal decomposition, the horizontal stress difference shows a tendency to first increase and then, decrease. The rate of weight loss of oil shale residue at various locations after the pyrolysis is found to be within the range of 0.17–2.31%, which is much lower than the original value of 10.8%, indicating that the pyrolysis is more adequate. Finally, the number of microcracks (<50 µm) in the oil shale after pyrolysis is found to be lie within the range of 25–56 and the average length lies within the range of 53.9636–62.3816 µm. The connectivity of the internal pore groups is satisfactory, while the seepage channel is found to be smooth. These results fully reflect the high efficiency and feasibility of in-situ oil shale pyrolysis using superheated steam.
What Is the Value of Wild Bee Pollination for Wild Blueberries and Cranberries, and Who Values It?
Authors: Hoshide Aaron K. , Drummond Francis A. , Stevens Thomas H. , Venturini Eric M. , Hanes Samuel P. , Sylvia Martha M. , Loftin Cynthia S. , Yarborough David E. , Averill Anne L.
Published: August 2018

Pollinator conservation efforts and growing interest in wild bee pollination have increased markedly in the last decade, making it increasingly important to have clear and practical estimates of the value of pollinators to agriculture. We used agricultural statistics, socio-economic producer surveys, and agronomic field research data to estimate traditional pollination value metrics and create novel approaches to the valuation of the ecosystem services provided by wild pollinators. Using two regionally important United States (USA) crops—Maine wild blueberry and Massachusetts cranberry—as models, we present the perceived values of wild bee pollinators from the perspectives of both consumers and producers. The net income attributable to wild bees was similar for wild blueberry ($613/ha) and cranberry ($689/ha). Marginal profit from incrementally adding more hives per ha was greater from stocking a third/fourth hive for cranberry ($6206/ha) than stocking a ninth/10th hive for wild blueberry ($556/ha), given the greater initial responsiveness of yield, revenue, and profit using rented honey bee hives in cranberry compared with wild blueberry. Both crops’ producers were willing to annually invest only $140–188/ha in wild pollination enhancements on their farms, justifying government financial support. Consumers are willing to pay ≈6.7 times more to support wild bees than producers, which indicates a potential source for market-based subsidies for invertebrate conservation.
Unravelling the Functional Diversity of the Soil Microbial Community of Chinese Fir Plantations of Different Densities
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Xue Lin , Dong Yuhong , Wei Yihui , Jiao Ruzhen
Published: August 2018

The structure and function of forest ecosystems are directly or indirectly affected by their stand density. However, what effect the density of Chinese fir plantations has on the functional diversity of the soil microbial community remains unclear. The microbial metabolic functional diversity of soils sampled at the topsoil (0–20 cm) of 35-year-old Chinese fir plantations of five initial densities (D1: 1667 stems∙hm−2, D2: 3333 stems∙hm−2, D3: 5000 stems∙hm−2, D4: 6667 stems∙hm−2, and D5: 10,000 stems∙hm−2) was studied by using Biolog ECO technology. The results showed that the soil pH, oxidizable organic carbon (SOOC), available N (AN), available P (AP), and available K (AK) contents all showed a gradual increase from D1 to D4 and a decrease from D4 to D5, while the number of culturable bacteria and total microorganisms, the average well color development (AWCD) values for the single carbon substrate and six types of carbon sources used by the microbial community, as well as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Pielou evenness index (J), and McIntosh Diversity Index (U), were the opposite, suggesting that low-densities favored C and N mineralization and the nutrient cycle. The density of Chinese fir plantations had a significant effect on the use of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, and phenolic acids by the soil microbial community, but it had no significant effect on the use of polymers (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that carbohydrates, polymers, and phenolic acids were sensitive carbon sources that caused differences in the metabolic functions of soil microbial communities in Chinese fir plantations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that physicochemical factors have a significant influence on the metabolic function of soil microbial communities (RDA1 and RDA2 explained >85% variance). The changes in density affected the soil physicochemical properties, the composition, and the metabolic functional diversity of microbial communities in Chinese fir plantations, which is certainly useful for the stand density regulation of Chinese fir plantations.
Rethinking Fuelwood: People, Policy and the Anatomy of a Charcoal Supply Chain in a Decentralizing Peru
Authors: Bennett Aoife , Cronkleton Peter , Menton Mary , Malhi Yadvinder
Published: August 2018

In Peru, as in many developing countries, charcoal is an important source of fuel. We examine the commercial charcoal commodity chain from its production in Ucayali, in the Peruvian Amazon, to its sale in the national market. Using a mixed-methods approach, we look at the actors involved in the commodity chain and their relationships, including the distribution of benefits along the chain. We outline the obstacles and opportunities for a more equitable charcoal supply chain within a multi-level governance context. The results show that charcoal provides an important livelihood for most of the actors along the supply chain, including rural poor and women. We find that the decentralisation process in Peru has implications for the formalisation of charcoal supply chains, a traditionally informal, particularly related to multi-level institutional obstacles to equitable commerce. This results in inequity in the supply chain, which persecutes the poorest participants and supports the most powerful actors.
Two-Way Coupling Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Approach to Inertial Focusing Dynamics under Dean Flow Patterns in Asymmetric Serpentines
Authors: Pedrol Eric , Massons Jaume , Díaz Francesc , Aguiló Magdalena
Published: August 2018

The dynamics of a spherical particle in an asymmetric serpentine is studied by finite element method (FEM) simulations in a physically unconstrained system. The two-way coupled time dependent solutions illustrate the path of the particle along a curve where a secondary flow (Dean flow) has developed. The simulated conditions were adjusted to match those of an experiment for which particles were focused under inertial focusing conditions in a microfluidic device. The obtained rotational modes inferred the influence of the local flow around the particle. We propose a new approach to find the decoupled secondary flow contribution employing a quasi-Stokes flow.
Assessment of Health Information Technology Interventions in Evidence-Based Medicine: A Systematic Review by Adopting a Methodological Evaluation Framework
Authors: Christopoulou Stella , Kotsilieris Theodore , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis
Published: August 2018

Background: The application of Health Information Technologies (HITs) can be an effective way to advance medical research and health services provision. The two-fold objective of this work is to: (i) identify and review state-of-the-art HITs that facilitate the aims of evidence-based medicine and (ii) propose a methodology for HIT assessment. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Furthermore, we consolidated existing knowledge in the field and proposed a Synthesis Framework for the Assessment of Health Information Technology (SF/HIT) in order to evaluate the joint use of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) along with HITs in the field of evidence-based medicine. Results: 55 articles met the inclusion criteria and refer to 51 (RCTs) published between 2008 and 2016. Significant improvements in healthcare through the use of HITs were observed in the findings of 31 out of 51 trials—60.8%. We also confirmed that RCTs are valuable tools for assessing the effectiveness, acceptability, safety, privacy, appropriateness, satisfaction, performance, usefulness and adherence. Conclusions: To improve health service delivery, RCTs apply and exhibit formalization by providing measurable outputs. Towards this direction, we propose the SF/HIT as a framework which may help researchers to carry out appropriate evaluations and extend their studies.
p-Value Histograms: Inference and Diagnostics
Authors: Breheny Patrick , Stromberg Arnold , Lambert Joshua
Published: August 2018

It is increasingly common for experiments in biology and medicine to involve large numbers of hypothesis tests. A natural graphical method for visualizing these tests is to construct a histogram from the p-values of these tests. In this article, we examine the shapes, both regular and irregular, that these histograms can take on, as well as present simple inferential procedures that help to interpret the shapes in terms of diagnosing potential problems with the experiment. We examine potential causes of these problems in detail, and discuss potential remedies. Throughout, examples of irregular-looking p-value histograms are provided and based on case studies involving real biological experiments.
Impacts of Climate Change on Health and Wellbeing in South Africa
Authors: Chersich Matthew F. , Wright Caradee Y. , Venter Francois , Rees Helen , Scorgie Fiona , Erasmus Barend
Published: August 2018

Given its associated burden of disease, climate change in South Africa could be reframed as predominately a health issue, one necessitating an urgent health-sector response. The growing impact of climate change has major implications for South Africa, especially for the numerous vulnerable groups in the country. We systematically reviewed the literature by searching PubMed and Web of Science. Of the 820 papers screened, 34 were identified that assessed the impacts of climate change on health in the country. Most papers covered effects of heat on health or on infectious diseases (20/34; 59%). We found that extreme weather events are the most noticeable effects to date, especially droughts in the Western Cape, but rises in vector-borne diseases are gaining prominence. Climate aberration is also linked in myriad ways with outbreaks of food and waterborne diseases, and possibly with the recent Listeria epidemic. The potential impacts of climate change on mental health may compound the multiple social stressors that already beset the populace. Climate change heightens the pre-existing vulnerabilities of women, fishing communities, rural subsistence farmers and those living in informal settlements. Further gender disparities, eco-migration and social disruptions may undermine the prevention—but also treatment—of HIV. Our findings suggest that focused research and effective use of surveillance data are required to monitor climate change’s impacts; traditional strengths of the country’s health sector. The health sector, hitherto a fringe player, should assume a greater leadership role in promoting policies that protect the public’s health, address inequities and advance the country’s commitments to climate change accords.
Factors Associated with Substance Use and Sexual Behavior among Drug Users in Three Mountainous Provinces of Vietnam
Authors: Tran Bach Xuan , Mai Hue Thi , Fleming Mercedes , Do Ha Ngoc , Nguyen Tam Minh Thi , Vuong Quan Hoang , Ho Manh Tung , Van Dam Nhue , Vuong Thu Trang , Ha Giang Hai , Truong Nu Thi , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Cyrus S. H. , Ho Roger C. M.
Published: August 2018

Due to their geographical characteristics, the mountainous areas of Vietnam are particularly vulnerable to illicit drug use. Drug users in remote areas are also more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of substance use and sexual behaviors and explored their related factors among newly admitted drug users in three mountainous provinces of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 newly-admitted drug users registering for Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) at 6 clinics in three provinces: Dien Bien, Lai Chau and Yen Bai from October 2014 to December 2015. Information about the socio-demographic characteristics, history of substance use, and sexual behaviors were collected. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify potential predictors of four outcomes, which included: drug injection, re-use of needles, using condoms during the last time of having sex, and having sexual intercourse with female sex workers. The proportion of injecting drug users was 68.3%; of those 9% never re-used needles. Of note, 69% of those who reported having sex with female sex workers in the last month did not use condoms. Regression models showed that those who injected drugs and had health problems in last 30 days had greater odds of having sex with female sex workers. Drug users in mountainous settings acknowledged the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk behaviors and a demand for physical and psychological care. Scaling up MMT services is key to approaching this high-risk group; however, at the same time, comprehensive harm-reduction interventions, counseling, and health care services should also be made accessible and effective in this setting.
Computing Eccentricity Based Topological Indices of Octagonal Grid

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Authors: Zhang Xiujun , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Naeem Muhammad , Baig Abdul Qudair
Published: August 2018

Graph theory is successfully applied in developing a relationship between chemical structure and biological activity. The relationship of two graph invariants, the eccentric connectivity index and the eccentric Zagreb index are investigated with regard to anti-inflammatory activity, for a dataset consisting of 76 pyrazole carboxylic acid hydrazide analogs. The eccentricity ε v of vertex v in a graph G is the distance between v and the vertex furthermost from v in a graph G. The distance between two vertices is the length of a shortest path between those vertices in a graph G. In this paper, we consider the Octagonal Grid O n m . We compute Connective Eccentric index C ξ ( G ) = ∑ v ∈ V ( G ) d v / ε v , Eccentric Connective Index ξ ( G ) = ∑ v ∈ V ( G ) d v ε v and eccentric Zagreb index of Octagonal Grid O n m , where d v represents the degree of the vertex v in G.
Resveratrol and Depression in Animal Models: A Systematic Review of the Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Moore Alyssa , Beidler Joshua , Hong Mee Young
Published: August 2018

Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are currently being researched. Resveratrol is a polyphenol and phytoalexin found in the skins of grapes, red wine, Japanese knotweed, and peanuts. It has been studied extensively for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol has also gained attention for its neuroprotective properties. The aim of the review was to examine the mechanisms by which resveratrol reduces depressive behaviors in animal models. In total, 22 studies met the established criteria for final review. Behavioral aspects of depression were investigated using validated measures such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and open field test. While many physical measures were taken, three main biological mechanisms were explored: Regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; decreased inflammation; and increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and neurogenesis. Based on these findings, resveratrol may be deemed an effective treatment for depression in animal models at doses between 10–80 mg/kg/day, although higher doses had the most significant effects. Future studies should examine the effects of resveratrol on depression in humans to determine the eligibility of resveratrol as a natural antidepressant with less severe side effects.
Investigation of Novel Pesticides with Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities: Design, Synthesis and SAR Studies of Benzoylpyrimidinylurea Derivatives
Authors: Chen Peiqi , Song Xiangmin , Fan Yongmei , Kong Weihao , Zhang Hao , Sun Ranfeng
Published: August 2018

In order to find pesticides with insecticidal and antifungal activities, a series of novel benzoyl pyrimidinylurea derivatives were designed and synthesized. All target compounds were identified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. Insecticidal and antifungal activity of these compounds were evaluated and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) were clearly and comprehensively illustrated. Compound 7, with low toxicity to zebrafish (LC50 = 378.387 µg mL−1) showed 100% inhibition against mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens) at 0.25 µg mL−1. Both compounds 19 and 25 exhibited broad-spectrum fungicidal activity (>50% inhibitory activities against 13 phytopathogenic fungi), which were better than those of the commercial pesticide pyrimethanil (>50% inhibitory activities against eight phytopathogenic fungi). Furthermore, compounds 19 and 25 exhibited protective activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on leaves of Brassica oleracea L. during in vivo experiments.
Chemical Fingerprinting and Quantification of Chinese Cinnamomi Cortex by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Chemometrics Methods
Authors: Ma Ninghui , Ding Yue , Zhang Yong , Zhang Tong , Yi Yaxiong , Wang Bing
Published: August 2018

To rapidly clarify and quantify the chemical profiling of Cinnamomi cortex a reliable and feasible strategy of chromatographic fingerprinting with a suite of chemometrics methods was developed and validated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Furthermore, to identify more meaningful chemical markers, the chemometrics methods including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and similarity, which all generate quality evaluations and correlation classifications of Cinnamomi cortex, were used to improve the Cinnamomi cortex quality control standards. A total of 12 characteristic peaks were confirmed, seven of which were identified by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with authentic compounds. Moreover, 11 analytes were accurately determined, as a complementary quantification method of chromatographic fingerprinting. For quantitative analyses, selective detection was performed at 254, 280 and 340 nm. The tested samples were separated and determined using UPLC and a series of methodologies including linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification and extraction recoveries were validated. Meanwhile the method bias for all the analytes did not exceed 5%. A total of 42 samples were acquired in China and analyzed. The results demonstrated that chromatographic fingerprinting in combination with chemometrics methods provides a promising and practical method to more effectively and comprehensively control the quality of Cinnamomi cortex from various sources, which would be a useful reference for the development and further study of Cinnamomi cortex and related formulations.
A Novel Substance P-Based Hydrogel for Increased Wound Healing Efficiency
Authors: Kim Da Jung , Jang Ji Hae , Jang Song Sun , Lee Jungsun
Published: August 2018

The neuropeptide substance P (SP) is known to stimulate wound healing by regulating the production of relevant cytokines as well as cell proliferation and migration. However, the therapeutic application of SP is limited by its low stability under biological conditions and oxidation during purification, formulation, and storage. To address this problem, we developed a novel formulation of SP as an SP gel, and investigated its wound healing activity both in vitro and in vivo. SP in SP gel was stable at various temperatures for up to 4 weeks. In vitro, SP gel exhibited more potential as a candidate wound-healing agent than SP alone, as evidenced by the observed increases in the proliferation and migration of human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo experiments showed that SP gel treatment enhanced the healing of full-thickness wounds in mice as compared to SP alone. These results demonstrate the benefits of SP gel as a promising topical agent for wound treatment.
Evaluation of the Cleaning Procedure Efficacy in Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Healthcare Facilities Using Cultural Method Associated with High Sensitivity Luminometer for ATP Detection
Authors: Casini Beatrice , Tuvo Benedetta , Totaro Michele , Aquino Francesco , Baggiani Angelo , Privitera Gaetano
Published: August 2018

In healthcare facilities, environmental surfaces may be a reservoir of infectious agents even though cleaning and disinfection practices play a role in the control of healthcare-associated infections. In this study, the effectiveness of cleaning/disinfection procedures has been evaluated in two hospital areas, which have different risk category classifications. According to the contract with the cleaning service, after the daily ambulatory activities, the housekeeping staff apply an alcohol-based detergent followed by a chlorine-based disinfectant (2% Antisapril, Angelini; 540 mg/L active chlorine), properly diluted and sprayed. The contract provides for the use of disposable microfiber wipes which must be replaced with new ones in each health out-patient department. Surface contamination was analyzed using cultural methods and ATP detection, performed with a high-sensitivity luminometer. The values 100 CFU/cm2 and 40 RLU/cm2 were considered as the threshold values for medium-risk category areas, while 250 CFU/cm2 and 50 RLU/cm2 were defined for the low-risk category ones. Air quality was evaluated using active and passive sampling microbiological methods and particle count (0.3 μm–10 μm) detection. The cleaning/disinfection procedure reduced the medium bacterial counts from 32 ± 56 CFU/cm2 to 2 ± 3 CFU/cm2 in the low-risk area and from 25 ± 40 CFU/cm2 to 7 ± 11 CFU/cm2 in the medium-risk one. Sample numbers exceeding the threshold values decreased from 3% and 13% to 1% and 5%, respectively. RLU values also showed a reduction in the samples above the thresholds from 76% to 13% in the low-risk area. From the air samples collected using the active method, we observed a reduction of 60% in wound care and 53% in an ambulatory care visit. From the air samples collected using the passive method, we highlighted a 71.4% and 50% reduction in microbial contamination in the medium-risk area and in the low-risk one, respectively. The 10 μm size particle counts decreased by 52.7% in wound care and by 63% in the ambulatory care visit. Correct surface sanitation proved crucial for the reduction of microbial contamination in healthcare settings, and plays an important role in ensuring air quality in hospital settings.