bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transaxillary Subpectoral Placement of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Young Female Patients
Authors: Oh Joo Hyun , Kim Chae Min , Song Seung Yong , Uhm Jae Sun , Lew Dae Hyun , Lee Dong Won
Published: February 2017

Background The current indications of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have expanded to include young patients with serious cardiac risk factors, but CIED placement has the disadvantage of involving unsightly scarring and bulging of the chest wall. A collaborative team of cardiologists and plastic surgeons developed a technique for the subpectoral placement of CIEDs in young female patients via a transaxillary approach.

Methods From July 2012 to December 2015, subpectoral CIED placement via an axillary incision was performed in 10 young female patients, with a mean age of 25.9 years and mean body mass index of 20.1 kg/m2. In the supine position, with the patient's shoulder abducted, an approximately 5-cm linear incision was made along one of the deepest axillary creases. The submuscular plane was identified at the lateral border of the pectoralis major, and the dissection continued over the clavipectoral fascia until the subpectoral pocket could securely receive a pulse generator. Slight upward dissection also exposed an entrance to the subclavian vein, allowing the cardiology team to gain access to the vein. One patient with dilated cardiomyopathy underwent augmentation mammoplasty and CIED insertion simultaneously.

Results One case of late-onset device infection occurred. All patients were highly satisfied with the results and reported that they would recommend the procedure to others.

Conclusions With superior aesthetic outcomes compared to conventional methods, the subpectoral placement of CIEDs via a transaxillary approach is an effective, single-incision method to hide operative scarring and minimize bulging of the device, and is particularly beneficial for young female or lean patients.
Safe and Simplified Salvage Technique for Exposed Implantable Cardiac Electronic Devices under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Jung Chang Young , Kim Tae Gon , Kim Sung-Eun , Chung Kyu-Jin , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Yong-Ha
Published: February 2017

Background Skin erosion is a dire complication of implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. Classical treatments involve removal of the entire generator and lead systems, however, these may result in fatal complications. In this study, we present our experience with a simplified salvage technique for exposed implantable cardiac electronic devices (ICEDs) without removing the implanted device, in an attempt to reduce the risks and complication rates associated with this condition.

Methods The records of 10 patients who experienced direct ICED exposure between January 2012 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The following surgical procedure was performed in all patients: removal of skin erosion and capsule, creation of a new pocket at least 1.0–1.5 cm inferior to its original position, migration of the ICED to the new pocket, and insertion of closed-suction drainage. Patients with gross local sepsis or septicemia were excluded from this study.

Results Seven patients had cardiac pacemakers and the other 3 had implantable cardiac defibrillators. The time from primary ICED placement to exposure ranged from 0.3 to 151 months (mean, 29 months. Postoperative follow-up in this series ranged from 8 to 31 months (mean follow-up, 22 months). Among the 10 patients, none presented with any signs of overt infection or cutaneous lesions, except 1 patient with hematoma on postoperative day 5. The hematoma was successfully treated by surgical removal and repositioning of the closed-suction drainage.

Conclusions Based on our experience, salvage of exposed ICEDs is possible without removing the device in selected patients.
The Anglo-Germanic and Latin concepts of politeness and time in cross-atlantic business communication: from cultural misunderstanding to management success
Authors: Ulijn Jan M.
Published: February 2017

Bond and Hofstede (1989) have demonstrated that culture has a large impact on international business success. In Western cultures it would relate to individualism and in Oriental cultures to Confucian dynamism. Their conception of politeness as a leading principle in human relations and their use of time seems unlike that of Western cultures. Within the Western hemisphere, however, Anglo-Germanic and Latin cultures do not share the same concepts of politeness and time. Spanish business letters seem to be overpolite compared to American ones. Whereas Dutch people stick to one topic at the same time in their negotiations, Italians tend to interrupt to tackle as many issues as possible. Anglo-Germanic and Latin cultures seem to differ in their means of expression of politeness in negotiating and writing. The main source  seems to be the striking difference in power distance between Anglo-Germanic and Latin management cultures, a phenonomenon which was observed in Hofstede’s first study with IBM (1980). Irrespective of its origin, politeness or the presumed lack of it could easily lead to intercultural misunderstanding.Hofstede’s work can be used as a framework to analyse some of the potential sources of misunderstanding caused by such differences. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some data to illustrate the importance of the above cultures on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, to evidence some politeness markers including the time concept, such as pausing and silencing in oral communication and courteous beginnings and endings of Latin business letters, and to retrace the perception of such behaviour by a person from the other culture. How can cultures respect each other and how can politeness be interpreted in a proper way without insulting the other party?How can cultures respect each other, learn from each other and cooperate effectively, for instance, in business and technology?  What could be the consequences for the international practice of business management and communication in the Anglo-Germanic and Latin cultures of some EU and NAFTA countries? On the basis of those research findings we will present some guidelines for successful intercultural cooperation in the EU keeping an eye on new trade possibilities on the other side of the Atlantic.
Methodological Issues in Genre Analysis
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K.
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Translation and Quality Management: some implications for the theory, practice and teaching of translation
Authors: Petersen Margrethe
Published: February 2017

The aim of this article is to consider the issue of quality in translation. Specifically, the question under consideration is whether quality assurance in relation to translation is feasible and, if so, what some of the implications for translation theory, translation practice and the teaching of translation would be. To provide a backdrop against which the issue may be discussed, I present an overview of the two areas which seem most likely to hold potential answers, viz., that of translation theory and that of quality management. Section 1. gives a brief outline of some contributions to translation theory which would seem likely to be of interest in this connection and section 2. gives a linguist’s introduction to the part of the area of quality management which I consider relevant for present purposes. Section 3. is devoted to the case study of a small translation firm which has been certified under the ISO 9001 standard, and section 4. discusses the implications which quality management seems to hold for the field of translation in a broad sense. Finally, section 5. concludes the article.
Bezbednosni mehanizam za prenos i skladištenje podataka u oblaku / Security mechanism for cloud end-to-end encryption
Authors: Vujošević Marija , Veinović Mladen
Published: February 2017

Sažetak — U ovom radu proučava se oblast zaštite podataka na udaljenim serverima u oblaku i tokom prenosa komunikacionim kanalima. Vrši se pregled najkvalitetnijih komercijalnih rešenja iz ove oblasti. Pažnja će biti posvećena onim rešenjima koja imaju implementiranu end-to-end zaštitu. Fokus će biti stavljen na razvoj sopstvenog rešenja u kome će biti implementiran predstavljeni bezbednosni mehanizam uz modul za generisanje kriptoloških ključeva.
Pre-shipment i post-shipment finance proizvodi za unapređenje likvidnosti klijenata banaka / Pre-shipment and post-shipment finance products to improve the liquidity of bank clients
Authors: Jović Zoran , Vićentijević Kosana
Published: February 2017

Sažetak — Ugrožena likvidnost i pad kreditnog rejtinga klijenata banaka u otežanim uslovima poslovanja, uzrokovali su situaciju u kojoj je bankama sve teže i rizičnije da svoje klijente prate klasičnim bankarskim kreditnim proizvodima. Novija rešenja u svetskoj bankarskoj praksi su uputila banke da izlaz traže u kreiranju inovativnih finansijskih proizvoda koji istovremeno rešavaju ugroženu likvidnost klijenata i smanjuju kreditne rizike banaka. Trend stvaranja lanaca snabdevanja u organizovanju globalizovane trgovine praćen je i odgovorom u promeni strukture tradicionalnih bankarskih proizvoda ikretanju ka proizvodima supply chain finance (SCF). Ovi proizvodi omogućavaju bankama da finansijsku podršku pruže čitavom lancu snabdevanja preko najpouzdanijih i najbonitetnijih učesnika u lancu, bez obzira da li se oni nalaze na strani dobavljača ili strani kupaca. Posebno se mogu izdvojiti pre – shipment finance proizvodi koji podrazumevaju finansiranje faze dok roba nije isporučena ili dok usluga nije izvršena i post – shipment finance proizvodi koji podrazumevaju finansiranje faze posle isporuke robe ili posle izvršene usluge. Ovi bankarski proizvodi doprinose rešavanju problema nelikvidnosti u privredi,poboljšavaju likvidnost i ubrzavaju novčane tokove kroz čitav lanac snabdevanja, skraćuju konverzioni ciklus i smanjuju kreditni rizik bankarskih plasmana uz istovremeno povećanje profitabilnosti njihovog poslovanja i poslovanja njihovihklijenata.
Problem finansiranja malih i srednjih preduzeća u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Baričanin Nevena , Marković Marica , Bojović Snežana
Published: February 2017

Kako mala i srednja preduzeća (MSP) imaju veliku ulogu i značaj u svakoj nacionalnoj ekonomiji, odnosno predstavljaju ključni izvor rasta nacionalnih ekonomija proizilazi da je za napredak jedne nacionalne ekonomije neophodno obezbjediti njihov nesmetani rast i razvoj. Nažalost, u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) sektor MSP se suočava sa brojnim problemima, a problem finansiranja svakako predstavlja jedno od najznačajnijih ograničenja za rast i razvoj MSP u BiH.
Registracija poslovnog imena preduzetnika u pravu Srbije
Authors: Marković Velisav
Published: February 2017

Preduzetnik je poslovno sposobno fizičko lice koje obavlja delatnost u cilju ostvarvanja prihoda i koje je kao takvo registrovano u skladu sa zakonom o registraciji. To je pravna forma organizovanja preduzeća radi obavljanja određene delatnosti radi sticanja dobiti, pod po pravilu individualnim (ličnim) poslovnim imenom od strane fizičkog lica i sa neograničenom odgovornošću celom svojom imovinom. Preduzetnik obavlja delatnost pod poslovnim imenom. Poslovno ime preduzetnika obavezno sadrži ime i prezime preduzetnika, opis pretežne delatnosti, ozanku "preduzetnik" ili "pr" i sedište. Poslovno ime preduzetnika, pored obaveznih elemenata, može da sadrži i poseban naziv i oznake kojima se određuje predmet poslovanja. Poslovno ime preduzetnika mora da se razlikuje od naziva drugog preduzetnika tako da ne izaziva zabludu o identitetu sa drugim preduzetikom, odnosno zabludu u pogledu predmeta poslovanja preduzetnika. Pоslоvnо imе kоје nе ispunjаvа zаkоnоm prоpisаnе uslоvе nе mоžе biti rеgistrоvаnо i čеstо prеdstаvlја rаzlоg zа оdbаčај priјаvе zа rеgistrаciјu, nаrоčitо prilikоm оsnivаnjа. Registracija poslovnog imena preduzetnika ne bi bila uspešna bez korišćenja internet stranice Agencije za privredne registre, odnosno registra preduzetnika. U radu autor analizira propuste koji se dešavaju u praksi prilikom registracije poslovnog imena preduzetnika koje su razlog za odbačaj prijave i daje predloge kako koristiti internet stranicu Agencije za privredne registre i propisana pravila za registraciju kako bi prijava bila uspešna.
Primjena kriptografije i biometrije u automobilskoj industriji
Authors: Ćatović Edin
Published: February 2017

U radu težište je na opisu primjene kriptografije i biometrije u automobilskoj industriji od samog početka pa do danas. Osim toga bitno je bilo istaknuti kakve nam sve prednosti donosi njena primjena, a koje nedostatke. To se prije svega odnosi na primjenjena kriptografska rješenja, kao i opis hardwera koji je djelimično ili u cjelosti učestvovao u implementaciji istih. U tu svrhu su detaljno opisani, sve vrste automobilskih ključeva, kao i primjena RFID sistema u automobilima. Nakon detaljno obradjene problematike, cilj je bio ponuditi vlastito rješenje, te isto i implementirati. Kao razvojno okruženje korišten je Arduino IDE (Arduino Uno R3 board), uz podršku namjenskog hardware-a. Ponuđeno rješenje, dio je oblasti biometrije, preciznije paljenje automobila nakon skeniranja otiska prsta (Adafruit biometric fingerprint sensor).
Uticaj amortizacije na poslovanje privrednih društava u Republici Srbiji
Authors: Milojević Marko , Terzić Ivica
Published: February 2017

Značaj stalnih sredstava za poslovanje jednog privrednog društva može se uporediti sa kvalitetom temelja jedne građevine. Iz tog razloga svako tržišno orjentisano preduzeće mora voditi računa o strukturi i kvalitetu svojih stalnih sredstava. Zbog specifičnosti prenosa svoje vrednosti na proizvod ili uslugu svako pogrešne evidentiranje i obračunvanje amortizacije može dovesti u pitanje buduće poslovanje. Cilj ovog rada bio je da ispita udeo kumulativnih suma troškova amortizacije u stalnim sredstvima, poslovnim prihodima i rashodima tokom perioda ekonomske krize. Rezultati ukazuju da dolazi do konstantnog opadanja udela amortizacije u stalnim sredstvima, što se može objasniti činjenicom da su kompanije u Republici Srbiji i pored teškog privrednog ambijenta ipak ulagale u pozicije stalnih sredstava. Tokom analiziranog perioda kompanije su ulagale u klase stalnih sredstva koje imaju dug period amortizacije. Uglavnom su investicije u stalna sredstva usmerena ka nekretninama i dugoročnim finansijskim plasmanima. Ove klase imaju dug period amortizacije što dovodi do situacije da opada udeo amortizacije u stalnoj imovini.
Razvoj servisa za digitalni potpis sa sopstvenim modulom za generisanje ključeva i digitalnih sertifikata
Authors: Đuruć Milenko , Adamović Saša
Published: February 2017

U ovom radu fokus je stavljen na razvoj sopstvene aplikacije za generisanje digitalnih sertifikata potrebnih za digitalno potpisivanje, na razvoj same funkcije digitalnog potpisivanja, kao i na verifikovanje digitalnog potpisa uz pomoć digitalnih sertifikata. U aplikaciji će biti implementirani moduli za generisanje skladišta ključeva, digitalnih sertifikata koji se sastoje od osnovnih informacija o vlasniku sertifikata i para asimetričnih kriptoloških ključeva (javni i privatni). Ključevi su generisani pomoću DSA1 i RSA2 algoritama, a koriste se i za digitalno potpisivanje i verifikaciju digitalnog potpisa.
Elekronsko bankarstvo – Primena i Sigurnost
Authors: Ilić Miloš N. , Spalević Žaklina S. , Veinović Mladen Đ.
Published: February 2017

Ubrzani razvoj komunikacionih tehnologija, primena Interneta u svakodnevnom životu i radu pojedinaca, kao i sve veća pojava pametnih uređaja doveli su do približavanja elektronskih bankarskih usluga korisnicima. Bankarska industrija je domen poslovanja koji nudi svojim korisnicima veliki broj servisa korišćenjem novih komunikacionih medija. Ovakvi servisi trebaju da omoguće brzi udaljeni pristup, uštedu vremena korisnicima i najbitnije visok stepen sigurnosti. Ebanking servisi nude korisnicima pristup njihovim nalozima, pregled većeg dela skorašnjih transakcija, prenošenje sredstva, plaćanje, pregled kamatnih stopa, ugovora i podnošenje različitih zahteva. Sigurnost ovakvih servisa regulisana je na nekoliko nivoa kako bi stepen pouzdanosti bio što veći. Zaštita korisnika je otežana zbog jaza koji je nastao između razvoja ovakvih servisa i zakonskih regulativa koje se primenjuju na same servise. Autori su u radu obradili primenu Internet bankarskih sistema kao jednog od oblika elektronskog bankarstva, funkcionisanje sigurnosnih mehanizama na većem broju nivoa kao i primenu zakonskih ragulativa. Sigurnost samog Internet bankarstva sagledana je iz ugla sigurnosti koja se nudi na nivou Internet protokola kao i u domenu kriptografskih algoritama kojima se šifriraju podaci koji je prenose u komunikaciji.
The impact of tourism on the economic growth in BiH
Authors: Knežević Miroslav , Čerović Slobodan , Borovčanin Dušan , Džamić Vladimir , Radojević Tijana
Published: February 2017

Tourism as socio-economic phenomenon reflectsdifferent influences (economic, social, political etc.), and in linewith it, it has an important role in the overall economic growth.The aim of this paper is to determine the contribution of tourismin the overall economic growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)during the period of years 2006-2014. Using the methodologywhich used Čerović et al. (2015) for calculating the rate of realGDP growth and the contribution of tourism towards overalleconomic growth in countries in the region (Serbia, Macedonia,and Montenegro), in this paper we demonstrated that tourism, inthe observed period, had a modest direct contribution towardsoverall economic growth in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
UTICAJ TURIZMA I DEMOGRAFSKIH RESURSA NA ODRŽIVI RAZVOJ REPUBLIKE SRPSKE
Authors: Pašalić Darko , Pašalić Stevo
Published: February 2017

Predmet istraživanja bila je identifikacija i valorizacijauticaja turizma i demografskih resursa na održivi razvoj RepublikeSrpske. U ovom radu istraživani su demografski resursi i turizam kaočinioci održivog razvoja Republike Srpske. Oni, diverzifikacijomaktivnosti i generisanjem dodatnih prihoda, ublažavaju negativneekonomske, socijalne i demografske tendencije u područjimaRepublike Srpske. Negativni demografski pokazatelji (posebno ururalnim područjima) se nepovoljno odražavaju na raspoloživost ikvalitet ljudskih resursa, a preko njih i na mogućnosti razvoja turizmana ovom prostoru. U strategijama revitalizacije depopulacionih ipasivnih krajeva u Republici Srpskoj, turizam se navodi kaodjelatnost koja će pospješiti razvoj, uspješno valorizovati postojećeprirodne, kulturne i demografske potencijale. Ovakav trend jeuglavnom prisutan u odsustvu drugih razvojnih resursa, jer turizamvrednuje ono što je za druge privredne grane nebitno.U odsustvudrugih razvojnih resursa, turizam se javlja kao jedina opcijavalorizacije navedenih prostora. U tom kontekstu, ni starostanovništvo, ni oskudnija infrastrukturna opremljenost ne moraju popravilu predstavljati veća ograničenja, pa bi odgovor na pitanje moželi turizam biti faktor revitalizacije bio pozitivan.
Правни оквир туристичке дјелатности у Републици Српској
Authors: Чодо Миломир , Мандић Дајана
Published: February 2017

Облици привредне дјелатности у савременом друштву су различити па су ти облици са мањим или већим степеном развијени и у Републици Српској. Један од облика привредне дјелатности је и туризам. Правна држава регулише правним нормама и питања из привредне дјелатности па тако и питања везана за туризам, а што је случај и са Босном и Херцеговином односно Републиком Српском. Правни оквир је у ствар скуп правних прописа који се односе на поједина питања. Тако да је правни оквир туристичке дјелатности у Републици Српској скуп правних прописа који се односе на туризам.
Teacher Electronic Portfolio and its Relation to EFL Student Teacher Performance and Attitude
Authors: Alshawi Areej T , A. Alshumaimeri Yousif
Published: February 2017

E-portfolio is a promising approach to develop teachers into reflective practitioners who show that they can adapt to new technologies, new criteria, and new environments. The current research explored the quality of EFL student teachers’ e-portfolios and their attitudes towards using them. The research was conducted on 30 EFL female student teachers at Princess Noura bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia. The participants were engaging in practical training at schools and reflecting their skills and experiences in their e-portfolios. This research posed further questions about the relationships between the quality of EFL student teachers’ e-portfolios, their attitudes towards using them and their teaching performance. In order to explore the possible answers, the participants’ teaching performance were observed, their e-portfolios were evaluated by a rubric, and a 24-item questionnaire was administered to them. The results proved high proficiency level of the EFL student teachers’ e-portfolios and positive attitudes towards using e-portfolios among EFL student teachers. Furthermore, the results denoted a statistically significant positive relationship between the quality of EFL student teachers’ e-portfolio and their teaching performance. The results of this study may encourage policy makers to integrate the idea of e-portfolio and reflection as an effective component in teacher education and development.
Comparison of 3D laser-based photonic scans and manual anthropometric measurements of body size and shape in a validation study of 123 young Swiss men
Authors: Koepke Nikola , Zwahlen Marcel , Wells Jonathan C. , Bender Nicole , Henneberg Maciej , Rühli Frank J. , Staub Kaspar
Published: February 2017

Background

Manual anthropometric measurements are time-consuming and challenging to perform within acceptable intra- and inter-individual error margins in large studies. Three-dimensional (3D) laser body scanners provide a fast and precise alternative: within a few seconds the system produces a 3D image of the body topography and calculates some 150 standardised body size measurements.

Objective

The aim was to enhance the small number of existing validation studies and compare scan and manual techniques based on five selected measurements. We assessed the agreement between two repeated measurements within the two methods, analysed the direct agreement between the two methods, and explored the differences between the techniques when used in regressions assessing the effect of health related determinants on body shape indices.

Methods

We performed two repeated body scans on 123 volunteering young men using a Vitus Smart XXL body scanner. We manually measured height, waist, hip, buttock, and chest circumferences twice for each participant according to the WHO guidelines. The participants also filled in a basic questionnaire.

Results

Mean differences between the two scan measurements were smaller than between the two manual measurements, and precision as well as intra-class correlation coefficients were higher. Both techniques were strongly correlated. When comparing means between both techniques we found significant differences: Height was systematically shorter by 2.1 cm, whereas waist, hip and bust circumference measurements were larger in the scans by 1.17–4.37 cm. In consequence, body shape indices also became larger and the prevalence of overweight was greater when calculated from the scans. Between 4.1% and 7.3% of the probands changed risk category from normal to overweight when classified based on the scans. However, when employing regression analyses the two measurement techniques resulted in very similar coefficients, confidence intervals, andp-values.

Conclusion

For performing a large number of measurements in a large group of probands in a short time, body scans generally showed good feasibility, reliability, and validity in comparison to manual measurements. The systematic differences between the methods may result from their technical nature (contact vs. non-contact).
Comparison of hand grip strength and upper limb pressure pain threshold between older adults with or without non-specific shoulder pain
Authors: Calvo Lobo Cesar , Romero Morales Carlos , Rodríguez Sanz David , Sanz Corbalán Irene , Sánchez Romero Eleuterio A. , Fernández Carnero Josué , López López Daniel
Published: February 2017

Background

There is a high prevalence of non-specific shoulder pain associated with upper limb functional limitations in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) of grip strength and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the upper limb between older adults with or without non-specific shoulder pain.

Methods

A case-control study was carried out following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. A sample of 132 shoulders (mean ± SD years) with (n = 66; 76.04 ± 7.58) and without (n = 66; 75.05 ± 6.26) non-specific pain were recruited. The grip strength and PPT of the anterior deltoid and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscles were assessed.

Results

There were statistically significant differences (mean ± SD;P-value) for anterior deltoid PPT (2.51 ± 0.69 vs 3.68 ± 0.65, kg/cm2;P< .001), ECRB PPT (2.20 ± 0.60 vs 3.35 ± 0.38 kg/cm2;P < .001) and grip strength (20.78 ± 10.94 vs 24.63 ± 9.38 kg;P= .032) between shoulders with and without non-specific pain, respectively.

Discussion

The MCID of 1.17 kg/cm2, 1.15 kg/cm2and 3.84 kg were proposed for anterior deltoid PPT, ECRB PPT and grip strength, respectively, to assess the upper limb of older adults with non-specific shoulder pain after treatment. In addition, univariate and multivariate (linear regression and regression trees) analyses may be used to consider age distribution, sex, pain intensity, grip strength and PPT in older adults including clinical and epidemiological studies with non-specific shoulder pain.
Somatic cancer mutations in the MLL1 histone methyltransferase modulate its enzymatic activity and dependence on the WDR5/RBBP5/ASH2L complex
Authors: Weirich Sara , Kudithipudi Srikanth , Jeltsch Albert
Published: February 2017

Somatic missense mutations in the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) histone H3K4 methyltransferase are often observed in cancers. MLL1 forms a complex with WDR5, RBBP5, and ASH2L (WRA) which stimulates its activity. The MM‐102 compound prevents the interaction between MLL1 and WDR5 and functions as an MLL1 inhibitor. We have studied the effects of four cancer mutations in the catalytic SET domain of MLL1 on the enzymatic activity of MLL1 and MLL1–WRA complexes. In addition, we studied the interaction of the MLL1 mutants with the WRA proteins and inhibition of MLL1–WRA complexes by MM‐102. All four investigated mutations had strong effects on the activity of MLL1. R3903H was inactive and S3865F showed reduced activity both alone and in complex with WRA, but its activity was stimulated by the WRA complex. By contrast, R3864C and R3841W were both more active than wild‐type MLL1, but still less active than the wild‐type MLL1–WRA complex. Both mutants were not stimulated by complex formation with WRA, although no differences in the interaction with the complex proteins were observed. These results indicate that both mutants are in an active conformation even in the absence of the WRA complex and their normal control of activity by the WRA complex is altered. In agreement with this observation, the activity of R3864C and R3841W was not reduced by addition of the MM‐102 inhibitor. We show that different cancer mutations in MLL1 lead to a loss or increase in activity, illustrating the complex and tumor‐specific role of MLL1 in carcinogenesis. Our data exemplify that biochemical investigations of somatic tumor mutations are required to decipher their pathological role. Moreover, our data indicate that MM‐102 may not be used as an MLL1 inhibitor if the R3864C and R3841W mutations are present. More generally, the efficacy of any enzyme inhibitor must be experimentally confirmed for mutant enzymes before an application can be considered.
Primary magmas and mantle temperatures through time
Authors: Ganne Jérôme , Feng Xiaojun
Published: February 2017

Chemical composition of mafic magmas is a critical indicator of physicochemical conditions, such as pressure, temperature, and fluid availability, accompanying melt production in the mantle and its evolution in the continental or oceanic lithosphere. Recovering this information has fundamental implications in constraining the thermal state of the mantle and the physics of mantle convection throughout the Earth's history. Here a statistical approach is applied to a geochemical database of about 22,000 samples from the mafic magma record. Potential temperatures (Tps) of the mantle derived from this database, assuming melting by adiabatic decompression and a Ti‐dependent (Fe2O3/TiO2 = 0.5) or constant redox condition (Fe2+/∑Fe = 0.9 or 0.8) in the magmatic source, are thought to be representative of different thermal “horizons” (or thermal heterogeneities) in the ambient mantle, ranging in depth from a shallow sublithospheric mantle (Tp minima) to a lower thermal boundary layer (Tp maxima). The difference of temperature (ΔTp) observed between Tp maxima and minima did not change significantly with time (∼170°C). Conversely, a progressive but limited cooling of ∼150°C is proposed since ∼2.5 Gyr for the Earth's ambient mantle, which falls in the lower limit proposed by Herzberg et al. [2010] (∼150–250°C hotter than today). Cooling of the ambient mantle after 2.5 Ga is preceded by a high‐temperature plateau evolution and a transition from dominant plumes to a plate tectonics geodynamic regime, suggesting that subductions stabilized temperatures in the Archaean mantle that was in warming mode at that time.
Regional variations in the ocean response to tropical cyclones: Ocean mixing versus low cloud suppression
Authors: Huang Andrew , Li Hui , Sriver Ryan L. , Fedorov Alexey V. , Brierley Chris M.
Published: February 2017

Tropical cyclones (TCs) tend to cool sea surface temperature (SST) via enhanced vertical mixing and evaporative fluxes. This cooling is substantially reduced in the subtropics, especially in the northeastern Pacific where the occurrence of TCs can warm the ocean surface. Here we investigate the cause of this anomalous warming by analyzing the local oceanic features and TC‐induced anomalies of SST, surface fluxes, and cloud fraction using satellite and in situ data. We find that TCs tend to suppress low clouds at the margins of the tropical ocean warm pool, enhancing shortwave radiative surface fluxes within the first week following storm passage, which, combined with spatial variations in ocean thermal structure, can produce a ~1°C near‐surface warming in the northeastern Pacific. These findings, supported by high‐resolution Earth system model simulations, point to potential connections between TCs, ocean temperature, and low cloud distributions that can influence tropical surface heat budgets.
Multiple surface wetting events in the greater Meridiani Planum region, Mars: Evidence from valley networks within ancient cratered highlands
Authors: Williams R. M. E. , Chuang F. C. , Berman D. C.
Published: February 2017

Morphological characterization of valley networks in three exposures of ancient cratered highlands (Nhc1) in the greater Meridiani Planum region yields insight into the Martian aqueous history. From our mapping, key regional differences are apparent in fine‐scale valley network attributes including morphologic type, planimetric form, density, and links to candidate paleolakes. This information, combined with crater retention age (inferred exposure age), provides new details on the relative timing and nature of aqueous processes in the region. Newly identified pitted‐type valley networks have morphological similarity to terrestrial pitted landforms in an evaporite setting. We interpret the pitted valley networks to reflect late‐stage groundwater processes concentrated along the former fluvial conduits. Evidence from this study indicates that localized reactivation of valley networks occurred during or after exhumation of eastern Nhc1 unit.
Atlantic meridional heat transports computed from balancing Earth's energy locally
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Fasullo John T.
Published: February 2017

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation plays a major role in moving heat and carbon around in the ocean. A new estimate of ocean heat transports for 2000 through 2013 throughout the Atlantic is derived. Top‐of‐atmosphere radiation is combined with atmospheric reanalyses to estimate surface heat fluxes and combined with vertically integrated ocean heat content to estimate ocean heat transport divergence as a residual. Atlantic peak northward ocean heat transports average 1.18 ± 0.13 PW (1 sigma) at 15°N but vary considerably in latitude and time. Results agree well with observational estimates at 26.5°N from the RAPID array, but for 2004–2013 the meridional heat transport is 1.00 ± 0.11 PW versus 1.23 ± 0.11 PW for RAPID. In addition, these results have no hint of a trend, unlike the RAPID results. Strong westerlies north of a meridian drive ocean currents and an ocean heat loss into the atmosphere that is exacerbated by a decrease in ocean heat transport northward.
Observations of kinetic‐size magnetic holes in the magnetosheath
Authors: Yao S. T. , Wang X. G. , Shi Q. Q. , Pitkänen T. , Hamrin M. , Yao Z. H. , Li Z. Y. , Ji X. F. , De Spiegeleer A. , Xiao Y. C. , Tian A. M. , Pu Z. Y. , Zong Q. G. , Xiao C. J. , Fu S. Y. , Zhang H. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. L. , Guo R. L. , Sun W. J. , Li W. Y. , Zhou X. Z. , Huang S. Y. , Vaverka J. , Nowada M. , Bai S. C. , Wang M. M. , Liu J.
Published: February 2017

Magnetic holes (MHs), with a scale much greater than ρi (proton gyroradius), have been widely reported in various regions of space plasmas. On the other hand, kinetic‐size magnetic holes (KSMHs), previously called small‐size magnetic holes, with a scale of the order of magnitude of or less than ρi have only been reported in the Earth's magnetospheric plasma sheet. In this study, we report such KSMHs in the magnetosheath whereby we use measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which provides three‐dimensional (3‐D) particle distribution measurements with a resolution much higher than previous missions. The MHs have been observed in a scale of 10–20 ρe (electron gyroradii) and lasted 0.1–0.3 s. Distinctive electron dynamics features are observed, while no substantial deviations in ion data are seen. It is found that at the 90° pitch angle, the flux of electrons with energy 34–66 eV decreased, while for electrons of energy 109–1024 eV increased inside the MHs. We also find the electron flow vortex perpendicular to the magnetic field, a feature self‐consistent with the magnetic depression. Moreover, the calculated current density is mainly contributed by the electron diamagnetic drift, and the electron vortex flow is the diamagnetic drift flow. The electron magnetohydrodynamics soliton is considered as a possible generation mechanism for the KSMHs with the scale size of 10–20 ρe.
From interannual to decadal: 17 years of boundary current transports at the exit of the Labrador Sea
Authors: Zantopp R. , Fischer J. , Visbeck M. , Karstensen J.
Published: February 2017

Over the past 17 years, the western boundary current system of the Labrador Sea has been closely observed by maintaining the 53°N observatory (moorings and shipboard station data) measuring the top‐to‐bottom flow field offshore from the Labrador shelf break. Volume transports for the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) components were calculated using different methods, including gap filling procedures for deployment periods with suboptimal instrument coverage. On average the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) carries 30.2 ± 6.6 Sv of NADW southward, which are almost equally partitioned between Labrador Sea Water (LSW, 14.9 ± 3.9 Sv) and Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW, 15.3 ± 3.8 Sv). The transport variability ranges from days to decades, with the most prominent multiyear fluctuations at interannual to near decadal time scales (±5 Sv) in the LNADW overflow water mass. These long‐term fluctuations appear to be in phase with the NAO‐modulated wind fluctuations. The boundary current system off Labrador occurs as a conglomerate of nearly independent components, namely, the shallow Labrador Current, the weakly sheared LSW range, and the deep baroclinic, bottom‐intensified current core of the LNADW, all of which are part of the cyclonic Labrador Sea circulation. This structure is relatively stable over time, and the 120 km wide boundary current is constrained seaward by a weak counterflow which reduces the deep water export by 10–15%.
A semianalytical MERIS green‐red band algorithm for identifying phytoplankton bloom types in the East China Sea
Authors: Tao Bangyi , Mao Zhihua , Lei Hui , Pan Delu , Bai Yan , Zhu Qiankun , Zhang Zhenglong
Published: February 2017

A new bio‐optical algorithm based on the green and red bands of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is developed to differentiate the harmful algal blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu (P. donghaiense) from diatom blooms in the East China Sea (ECS). Specifically, a novel green‐red index (GRI), actually an indicator for a(510) of bloom waters, is retrieved from a semianalytical bio‐optical model based on the green and red bands of phytoplankton‐absorption and backscattering spectra. In addition, a MERIS‐based diatom index (DIMERIS) is derived by adjusting a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) diatom index algorithm to the MERIS bands. Finally, bloom types are effectively differentiated in the feature spaces of the green‐red index and DIMERIS. Compared with three previous MERIS‐based quasi‐analytical algorithm (QAA) algorithms and three existing classification methods, the proposed GRI and classification method have the best discrimination performance when using the MERIS data. Further validations of the algorithm by using several MERIS image series and near‐concurrent in situ observations indicate that our algorithm yields the best classification accuracy and thus can be used to reliably detect and classify P. donghaiense and diatom blooms in the ECS. This is the first time that the MERIS data have been used to identify bloom types in the ECS. Our algorithm can also be used for the successor of the MERIS, the Ocean and Land Color Instrument, which will aid the long‐term observation of species succession in the ECS.
Physical forcing of late summer chlorophyll a blooms in the oligotrophic eastern North Pacific
Authors: Toyoda Takahiro , Okamoto Suguru
Published: February 2017

We investigated physical forcing of late summer chlorophyll a (chl a) blooms in the oligotrophic eastern North Pacific Ocean by using ocean reanalysis and satellite data. Relatively large chl a blooms as defined in this study occurred in August–October following sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (SSTA) decreases, mixed layer deepening, and temperature and salinity increases at the bottom of the mixed layer. These physical conditions were apparently induced by the entrainment of subsurface water resulting from the destabilization of the surface layer caused by anomalous northward Ekman transport of subtropical waters of higher salinity. Salinity‐normalized total alkalinity data provide supporting evidence for nutrient supply by the entrainment process. We next investigated the impact of including information about the entrainment on bloom identification. The results of analyses using reanalysis data and of those using only satellite data showed large SSTA decreases when the northward Ekman salinity transports were large, implying that the entrainment of subsurface water is well represented in both types of data. After surface‐destabilizing conditions were established, relatively high surface chl a concentrations were observed. The use of SST information can further improve the detection of high chl a concentrations. Although the detection of high chl a concentrations would be enhanced by finer data resolution and the inclusion of biogeochemical parameters in the ocean reanalysis, our results obtained by using existing reanalysis data as well as recent satellite data are valuable for better understanding and prediction of lower trophic ecosystem variability.
The importance of lateral variability on exchange across the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, MA
Authors: Kirincich A. R. , Lentz S. J.
Published: February 2017

This study examines the spatial variability of transport within the inner‐shelf south of Martha's Vineyard Massachusetts, its time and space dependence, and its importance to the total volume exchanged between the nearshore and the coastal ocean. The exchange of water across the inner shelf is often considered to be driven primarily by wind forcing, yet the effects of small‐scale O(1–10 km) variability on the total exchange have not been well quantified. Using a combination of high‐resolution HF radar‐based surface currents and a dense array of moorings to document the lateral variability of across‐shelf exchange, the cumulative wind‐driven across‐shelf transport over the summer stratified period was less than the volume of the inner‐shelf onshore of the 25 m isobath. Along‐shelf variations in the wind‐driven exchange were as large as the spatial mean of the wind‐driven exchange. A spatially varying time‐averaged circulation caused by tidal rectification resulted in across‐shelf exchange larger in magnitude than, and independent of, the integrated wind‐forced exchange. Coherent submesoscale eddies also occurred frequently within the domain due to flow‐topography effects onshore and horizontal density gradients offshore, generally with lifespans shorter than 10 h, diameters smaller than 6 km, and vertical depths shallower than 10 m. The across‐shelf volume transport due to eddies, estimated by seeding particles within the surface current fields, was more than half the wind‐driven depth‐dependent exchange. Thus, accounting for the potential coherent along‐shelf variability present over the inner shelf can significantly increase estimates of the across‐shelf transfer of water masses and particles.
Testing the axial dipole hypothesis for the Moon by modeling the direction of crustal magnetization
Authors: Oliveira J. S. , Wieczorek M. A.
Published: February 2017

Orbital magnetic field data show that portions of the Moon's crust are strongly magnetized, and paleomagnetic data of lunar samples suggest that Earth strength magnetic fields could have existed during the first several hundred million years of lunar history. The origin of the fields that magnetized the crust are not understood and could be the result of either a long‐lived core‐generated dynamo or transient fields associated with large impact events. Core dynamo models usually predict that the field would be predominantly dipolar, with the dipole axis aligned with the rotation axis. We test this hypothesis by modeling the direction of crustal magnetization using a global magnetic field model of the Moon derived from Lunar Prospector and Kaguya magnetometer data. We make use of a model that assumes that the crust is unidirectionally magnetized. The intensity of magnetization can vary with the crust, and the best fitting direction of magnetization is obtained from a nonnegative least squares inversion. From the best fitting magnetization direction we obtain the corresponding north magnetic pole predicted by an internal dipolar field. Some of the obtained paleopoles are associated with the current geographic poles, while other well‐constrained anomalies have paleopoles at equatorial latitudes, preferentially at 90° east and west longitudes. One plausible hypothesis for this distribution of paleopoles is that the Moon possessed a long‐lived dipolar field but that the dipole was not aligned with the rotation axis as a result of large‐scale heat flow heterogeneities at the core‐mantle boundary.
Psychological processes in young bullies versus bully‐victims
Authors: van Dijk Anouk , Poorthuis Astrid M. G. , Malti Tina
Published: February 2017

Some children who bully others are also victimized themselves (“bully‐victims”) whereas others are not victimized themselves (“bullies”). These subgroups have been shown to differ in their social functioning as early as in kindergarten. What is less clear are the motives that underlie the bullying behavior of young bullies and bully‐victims. The present study examined whether bullies have proactive motives for aggression and anticipate to feel happy after victimizing others, whereas bully‐victims have reactive motives for aggression, poor theory of mind skills, and attribute hostile intent to others. This “distinct processes hypothesis” was contrasted with the “shared processes hypothesis,” predicting that bullies and bully‐victims do not differ on these psychological processes. Children (n = 283, age 4–9) were classified as bully, bully‐victim, or noninvolved using peer‐nominations. Theory of mind, hostile intent attributions, and happy victimizer emotions were assessed using standard vignettes and false‐belief tasks; reactive and proactive motives were assessed using teacher‐reports. We tested our hypotheses using Bayesian model selection, enabling us to directly compare the distinct processes model (predicting that bullies and bully‐victims deviate from noninvolved children on different psychological processes) against the shared processes model (predicting that bullies and bully‐victims deviate from noninvolved children on all psychological processes alike). Overall, the shared processes model received more support than the distinct processes model. These results suggest that in early childhood, bullies and bully‐victims have shared, rather than distinct psychological processes underlying their bullying behavior.
Fibromyalgia and the Prediction of Two‐Year Changes in Functional Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kim Hyein , Cui Jing , Frits Michelle , Iannaccone Christine , Coblyn Jonathan , Shadick Nancy A. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Lee Yvonne C.
Published: February 2017

Objective

Previous cross‐sectional studies have shown that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have higher disease activity, greater medical costs, and worse quality of life compared to RA patients without FM. We determined the impact of FM on 2‐year changes in the functional status of RA patients in a prospective study.

Methods

Subjects included participants in the Brigham Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study who were enrolled in a substudy of the effects of pain in RA. Subjects completed questionnaires, including the Multi‐Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and Polysymptomatic Distress (PSD) scale, semiannually, and underwent physical examination and laboratory tests yearly.

Results

Of the 156 included RA subjects, 16.7% had FM, while 83.3% did not. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline MDHAQ score, disease duration, rheumatoid factor/cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody seropositivity, disease activity, and psychological distress, RA patients with FM had a 0.14 greater 2‐year increase in MDHAQ score than RA patients without FM (P = 0.021). In secondary analyses examining the association between continuous PSD scale score and change in MDHAQ, higher PSD scale scores were significantly associated with greater 2‐year increases in MDHAQ score (β coefficient 0.013, P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Both the presence of FM and increasing number of FM symptoms predicted worsening of functional status among individuals with RA. Among individuals with RA and FM, the magnitude of the difference in changes in MDHAQ was 4‐ to 7‐fold higher than typical changes in MDHAQ score among individuals with established RA.