bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Dwell in Time: Light, shadow and movement explored in virtual environments
Authors:   , Lim Francis
Published: July 2022

Architecture is more than just the idea of form and space as an object, and we are more than just a subjects in space. We are people who are trained in the discipline of architecture. The virtuoso’s of our craft and are masters in the use and design of various form and space. Designers who invest body and spirit into manipulating space to impart a dynamic response on the human body. By manipulating and designing around the perception of time, utilising elements such as light, shadow and colour to evoke a reaction to enhance the spatial condition experienced. This research proposes to question how the use of real-time virtual environments (RTVE’s) can be used as an application to aid in establishing an experience driven design that attempts to control the intangible, temporal qualities of the real world.

The principal aim of this thesis is to challenge and critique. Through a series of virtual environments and case studies that are temporal and ephemeral in nature. The research is to act as a reflective design application that can enhance and reconnect the human body to the virtual realm. This research asks: “how can real-time virtual environments re-establish the presence of the human body in digital design through the investigation of temporal qualities such as light, shadow and movement within architecture?” Through investigating these qualities, the research subsequently asks: “How can we use these observations to build a more responsive and evocative architecture that is centred on temporal moments?”In conclusion this research concludes with a hyper-temporal application that presents the temporal elements discussed in literature and more. Utilizing RTVE’s as a platform to enhance and accommodate for a holistic, experience driven design. Allowing one to manipulate and distort time within the design application tool. One that highlights architectural moments that are memorable through the various times in a day, month and year. Imposing a qualitative measure of light, shadow and atmosphere as a means to judge the quality of space. Engagement of the human body within digital design allows inhabitants and designers to stop and reflect on design decisions.

Stopping to purely...

‘dwell in time’.
Considering a cinematic framework for 360 virtual reality video
Authors:   , Samuels Persephone
Published: July 2022

The sales of 360 cameras are estimated to increase by 7800% over the next six years (Ukonaho, 2016), while companies such as Google and Samsung continue to develop better and more affordable technologies for viewing and creating cinematic virtual reality experiences (cinematic VR). The VR medium offers new ways to communicate information and tell stories but we do not yet know how to tell those stories. The formal rules and understandings have not yet been defined. This research establishes ways that cinematic VR can appropriate techniques from cinema and game design. First, we explored a range of common cinema and game design techniques within the cinematic VR paradigm. Then, we analyzed four techniques, aperture/depth of field, 3D gifs from cinema, basic collision boxes and loading area screens derived from game design. Lastly, the most successful techniques are applied to a final short film experience in order to contribute to storytelling and communication through this medium.
A Circular City: An empirical approach to 3D printed up-cycling
Authors:   , Cameron Sophia
Published: July 2022

Among many exacerbating environmental issues, plastic debris, with ubiquity and abundance, has significant impacts on local and global communities, environments and species. Contrary to common assumptions, New Zealand is no exception; 77% of litter cleaned up on coastal beaches in Wellington are from single- use plastics and volunteers are struggling to manage plastic pellets on central beaches. In addition, with Chinas new waste ban in place, the country is struggling to recycle plastic, and the current schemes in place consume considerable amounts of time and energy. There is, therefore, a critical need for innovative and localised up- cycling initiatives towards reducing post user plastic waste and extending product lifecycles within this region.

This research addresses the severe issue by investigating how Wellington post user plastic can be up-cycled using additive manufacturing technologies and utilised for new, longer lasting products. It introduces the opportunity for a circular system that can repurpose plastic waste while benefiting local communities, schools and environments. It allows for interaction, engagement and education at every stage of the creation process and thus empowers longevity and emotional durability. More specifically, this research has employed a ‘research through design (RtD) based on design criteria’ approach, beginning with a materials-led investigation. Materials inform design decisions made across three case studies to demonstrate the wide variety of potential applications and material possibilities. These include a university, a sports centre and a heavily polluted beach that are currently dealing with severe amounts of plastic waste. A range of waste plastics collected from each of the sites were trialled with a localised 3D printed up-cycling system in an iterative testing process, and the results determined appropriate material directions and subsequent contextual developments. The empirical investigation process provided a sound basis for developing designs as a creative response to environmental issues that can extend into our society, community and government. The applications and outcomes from this research have demonstrated how 3D printing technologies can facilitate sustainable plastic consumption, engage communities in the up-cycling process and address a throwaway society with longer lasting products. It provides the opportunity for waste management systems and small economies to entirely transform to allow for the diminution of post user plastic waste in our cities and more importantly, our environments.
Transient Crossings - Embodiment in the Everyday
Authors:   , Mountfort Stacey
Published: July 2022

Embodied experience is defined by the way we understand, engage with and act in the world. However, as Aya Peri-Bader suggests, architecture is often only experienced in a state of distraction; the familiarity of place causes us to act in a prescribed way, rarely thinking about it or noticing it. Today it could be said that architecture is becoming an art of the printed image resulting from what Stephen Holl calls the “hurried eye of the camera”. The gaze itself tends to flatten into a picture and lose its “plasticity” (Holl, 2006, 29). Perez-Gomez explains that the image has replaced palpable experience: we become spectators in a world mediated by images, rather than being in the world in an embodied sense. This poses an opportunity for a design investigation that provokes an engagement with the built environment and has the potential to invigorate and enliven our bodily experience of space.

Therefore this design investigation asks how embodied experience of space can be intensified through the articulation of light, form and materiality. This inherently addresses the concept of the body in architecture as a form of cognitive, experiential, or active perception. The ability to evoke an awareness of our spatial environment through bodily engagement has the potential to elevate everyday experience of what may ordinarily be considered banal, distracted, or forgotten experiences.

In the book Intertwining, Holl proposes that the interlacing of form, space and light can elevate the everyday, embodied experience of architecture (Holl, 1996, 11). More importantly there is a phenomenon that comes when these qualities are associated to specific sites, programs, and architectures. This considered articulation of spatial environments with attention to tactile materiality can reintroduce crucial, intrinsic meanings and values to human experience (Holl, 1996, 11).

This investigation is grounded in site and programme. It aims to show how site and programme can be vehicles to research notions of embodiment, through generative design methods. The Wellington site of the Gordon Wilson Flats is a testing ground for this exploration. By extending the adjacent university campus and creating a connection to the city centre, this site enables an everyday programme that addresses both public and private interconnecting spaces. This provides opportunity to explore embodiment as part of a journey and thoroughfare through a building or landscape. Thus the spatial investigation can be applied in both an interior and exterior programme where architecture, landscape and urban design all interlink. Therefore, the human experience also shifts from a singular interaction to a progressive experience through a greater urban landscape. More so, the notions of embodiment query more than simply the human experience, but speculate on the non-human relationships between the landscape, the architecture, and its materiality.
Adaptive Nature: Shelter in Remote Environments
Authors:   , Laurenson Benjamin
Published: July 2022

Many days are spent by New Zealanders’ tramping in the hills of the great outdoors, arriving at the end of the day to a small, quaint but “cold until the fire is lit” hut as the resting place for the night. These huts are a valuable national resource with a limited lifespan. A large number of the existing back country Department of Conservation (DOC) huts in the New Zealand National Parks have already disappeared or are reaching the end of their lives. Ideally some of the remaining huts will be restored and maintained for future generations. It is also inevitable though that many will either need to be replaced, repaired or removed at some stage in the future as more become derelict.

Additionally, there is an increase in tourists discovering the New Zealand natural landscape which is resulting in new trails being developed or existing trails being upgraded to “Great Walks”. This requires larger facilities to be provided to accommodate the overnight visitor numbers on those trails. For example, the recent announcement of DOC’s proposal to develop the Paparoa National Park as the 10th Great Walk of New Zealand, which will require two new huts to be built, illustrates this situation. (1)DOC’s networks of huts are important to support both New Zealanders love of the outdoors and New Zealand’s economic development through the tourism industry. However they require resources to both maintain and develop. To make DOC’s limited resources go as far as possible it is necessary that any developments are undertaken efficiently, while still ensuring they are fit for purpose and integrate into the environment.

This has raised the question of whether there is a scalable model that could be utilised by DOC to enable the hut network to be developed efficiently, while still being fit for purpose within the specific context. By making use of new design and manufacturing tools, as well as technology becoming increasingly more advanced and accessible, it is proposed that a modular parametric system, designed around specific criteria, that responds to each sites context can be developed to solve this issue.
A Bend in the Ganges
Authors:   , Elsen Sebastian
Published: July 2022

This thesis examines the Indian government’s Namami Ganges project and related river cleaning and sewage treatment projects along the Ganges river in India. One of the challenges of these water cleaning projects is that the waters of the Ganges are sacred to millions of Hindus, and interfering with the flow can cause significant cultural resentment and frustration. This design-led architectural research investigation looks at how river purification and urban sewage management along the Ganges can be strategically integrated into urban architectural infrastructure in ways that enhance, rather than damage, cultural relationships that are fundamental with local communities. The thesis argues that by embracing architectural links to cultural narratives, these new industrial typologies can transform urban sites along the Ganges into rejuvenated public spaces, while reconnecting them to their environmental and cultural contexts.

This design-led research investigation proposes to develop embedded industrial filtration systems that are integrated into a framework that responds to the local identity. These can be integrated into efficient wetlands and bioswales to enhance the natural biodiversity of the area. This investiagtion examines how contemporary architectural design can help integrate effective pollution mitigation with the cultural, spiritual and pragmatic ways people actually use the river basin. This investigation proposes that in this way the community’s cultural and civic needs can actually be enhanced through the use of design as architecture and landscape blended water purification systems.
Big House: Co-living Design for Transitional Housing
Authors:   , Webber Benjamin
Published: July 2022

This research explores the architectural implications of co-living in a community house that supports very low-income people. Key findings through design research are developed from disciplinary concerns in the literature and precedents. The key findings include architectural implications of providing for optional interaction and architectural implications from the distinction between individual provision and shared use. Design strategies for co-living are identified and worked through a series of design stages for a design proposition. The design proposition, named Our Big House is a medium density transitional housing project in Wellington, New Zealand.

Architectural implications surface through the development of Our Big House and include spatial separation with gradients, and threshold definition to support optional interaction. What is shared is limited by the sustainable sizing of a community, and this informs architectural planning and major formal moves.

This research acknowledges that there are wider issues with housing involving very low-income households. Some of these are mentioned or responded to, such as maintaining social harmony and the organising of people living together. However the structured content and limited scope of this research focus on architectural design strategies and implications.

Benefits of co-living include increased scales of economy, greater facilities, space efficient density, and opportunities for life-skills to develop. Our Big House for co-living proposes an alternative lifestyle centred on a community that can facilitate these benefits and support transitional living.

Design research will provide valuable knowledge for co-living design, propose several key findings, and exemplify these in the design of Our Big House to address housing for community living and very low-income people in Wellington, New Zealand.
Sampling the City
Authors:   , Evans Morgan
Published: July 2022

This thesis developed a speculative design process that sits between two streams of contemporary discourse. On one side lies ‘projective’ architecture—characterised by the elevation of performance and rejection of criticality—which draws from Somol & Whiting’s divisive paper “The Doppler Effect and Other Moods of Modernism” (Somol & Whiting, 2002). This model can be used to describe the contemporary work produced by international firms such as OMA and BIG (Spencer, 2016). On the other side are contemporary critiques of this model: broad denunciations that the rejection of critical engagement has failed to deliver on its promises of providing architecture an increased sphere of influence. Douglas Spencer argues that architecture has been made complicit in the perpetuation of existing power structures, saying the projective project has been “worked over until it can be put to work for new-liberalism” (2016). This thesis investigated sampling as a method of design that could confound the market logic that Spencer sees at the core of the projective project, whilst still leaning upon several core tenets that were originally proposed in Somol & Whiting’s 2002 paper, namely: A shift from the index to diagram, and a belief that a projective architecture is capable of generating alternative social/spatial relationships. To engage with this topic a design as research method will be employed. Murray Fraser describes design research as a method of inquiry where a series of architectural projects are placed in partnership with more general research activities (2013, p. 1). This thesis was structured around projects at three scales: installation, domestic, and urban. These inquiries formed the backbone of the thesis, each stage informing the next. The installation investigated the diagram as the generator of form, whilst the domestic scale focussed on the manipulation of urban form into new structures. Finally, at the public scale, the diagrammatic techniques of scaling and superposition (Eisenman, 1999) were used to tease form and program from a rigorous site analysis. In conclusion my design research investigated the technique of sampling and positioned it in relation to contemporary architectural discourse. Through a series of scaled inquiries, the sample was used as a tool to engage with site, program, and the design process. These inquiries demonstrated the potential of sampling as a method of disrupting the smoothness of the projective, via the injection of outside data into the architectural project.
Waiting and Weighting: Public Transportation Model Sensitivity to Waiting Time and Schedule Deviation
Authors:   , Law Richard
Published: July 2022

Public transport (PT) is not famed for its dependability, yet current PT accessibility models presume that the schedule is an adequate reflection of reality. Consequently, it is implicit that PT vehicles always operate according to their schedule, and that all passengers arrive at random rather than plan their arrival. In reality, such assumptions do not always hold. The sensitivity of model results to such assumptions is largely untested.

This thesis seeks to determine to what extent PT accessibility models based on the schedule are robust to substitution by automatic vehicle location (AVL) data on the real arrival times of PT vehicles. The inclusion of this high resolution data on punctuality enables the relaxation of assumptions about the random arrival of passengers, and the enumeration of expected waiting time in the presence of uncertain PT arrival time.

Using an open standard for the publication of public transit information (the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS)), this thesis develops a number of models ofWellington’s transit system, assuming that passengers arrive at random, and vehicles arrive punctually. Equivalent models are then built with AVL data from the Greater Wellington Regional Council’s real-time information (RTI) system. This information is used to determine actual service headways, headway variability, probability of service arrival over an interval, and realistic vehicle travel times.

Results of pairwise comparisons of accessibility model outcomes indicate that for every definition of accessibility model considered, GTFS and AVL sources of information do not predict similar travel times. The magnitude and the direction of differences varied between model types, but in all cases were highly statistically significant.

The results of the research are of use to transportation and accessibility modellers, who previously could not estimate travel time error associated with making assumptions about PT reliability and passenger arrival behaviour (implied by the use of PT schedules in models).
Whispering Tales. Using technology to enhance cultural landscapes and indigenous values
Authors:   , Carson Hannah
Published: July 2022

Increasingly our built and natural environments are becoming a hybrid of real and digital entities where objects, buildings and landscapes are linked online websites, blogs and texts. In the case of Aotearoa/New Zealand, modern lifestyles have put oral narratives at risk of being lost in a world dominated by written text. Intangible values, transmitted orally from generation to generation, in response to the interaction with nature and history, provide a sense of identity and community to indigenous Māori as they relate and experience the land based on cultural, spiritual, emotional, physical and social values. New technologies have the potential to reconnect these oral narratives with both the indigenous Māori, but also a wider public in the context of high density.

This thesis extends the biophysical template of a landscape with virtual objects or information in truly mobile settings, providing a storytelling environment which is specific to a location. It engages with the narratives of real-world objects that simulate people’s imagination of a hidden past using augmented reality. The methodology adopts a design-led collaborative participatory approach by engaging with Ngā Kahungunu ki Wairarapa to create and visualise narratives through sketches, photographs, and computer imagery. It then tests the visual experiences and explores design decisions by mapping different context conditions at different scales and the representation of the narratives revealed. The use of augmented reality in landscape architecture allows for a layering of history while retaining the existing landscape. In this way it enhances and modernises Māori oral narratives and encourages a deeper and broader engagement with landscape, promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity through the use of mobile augmented reality.
Revealing Taranaki
Authors:   , Buhler Natalie
Published: July 2022

The concentration of people in urban areas has resulted in a disconnection from the rural community. Cultural landscapes become unused as people visit attractions that are more popular and easier to get to. As a result rural environments are losing identity and biodiversity due to the land use changes. Increasing identity through revealing and enhancing landscape features whilst incorporating culture back into the land is an opportunity waiting to be explored, especially in New Zealand context being a multi-cultural country. This thesis uses Landscape Architecture, in the context of rural landscapes, to create awareness around ‘hidden’ landscape features, through education, social, ecological and economic themes. Landscape features are the important pieces making up a cultural landscape that either the land has made naturally or from human interaction. The majority of people in today’s society will choose to visit commercialised landmarks, bypassing rural landscapes and subsequently fail to interact with the local people and never learn to appreciate what these specific landscape features offer. In order to attract people to the rural landscape this thesis will facilitate interaction and links between the urban and rural community through design. Creating strategic interventions will enhance existing cultural landscapes and increase activity.

This thesis uses Taranaki as a case study to create a design methodology on how to raise a landscapes identity. In order to control the complexity of this region, different processes were used including changing between scales. Cultural landscapes were investigated through a ‘revealing and enhancing’ testing process. Twenty sites were chosen through a synthesis of four different layers which helped to simplify information, these include: Vegetation, Waterbodies, Geomorphology and Access. The revealing process started when peeling back each of the different layers to gain information surrounding each of the twenty sites in order to ‘enhance’ the landscape. These sites were arranged into typologies to see where links between sites could be made. The categories that split the sites into typologies indicate the important values of a site, these include: land ownership, land protection, land use, biophysical elements and cultural elements. One final site was chosen to develop this research problem and enhance, due to the most links between different typologies. This allows the site to become a solid example for the strategic interventions that will be designed.

This method and overall design will give the world a new layer of knowledge about cultural landscapes. The design network that will be made through these twenty sites will strengthen the connection between residents and visitors and break the barrier between public and private ownership. It is a chance to challenge the country’s legislation around the ‘freedom to roam’ concept that we see in other countries, giving people more to see in terms of rural landscapes in New Zealand.
The Togetherness Of Strangers
Authors:   , D'Souza Austin
Published: July 2022

New Zealand is a progressively ethnic diverse yet individualistic country. The population is constantly increasing and among this is cohort of people belonging to collectivist cultures, with forecasts of these cultures such as Asians said to be rising 120 percent to 600,000 by 2021. The current social patterns in individualistic societies such as New Zealand suggest that the dominant style of living is singular in nature, meaning small clusters of individuals. However, in collectivist societies people live in a more integrated manner with others and their surroundings, contributing to an arguably healthier lifestyle and greater acceptance. This shift in the identity of New Zealand demands for a change in the way that different cultures can live with each other, to better reflect the needs of these different groups while increasing the social aspects within them.

This thesis investigates how medium density architecture can address the problem of housing different cultures within the same space, along with finding ways to increase the sociability among dwellers in New Zealand. Adopting Hofstede’s cultural dimensions of individualism and collectivism to aid in designing for different societies, Newtown in Wellington was used as testing grounds to identify ways that people can live integrated among themselves as well as different groups and styles of living, forming a more ‘cohesive’ culture overall. Coupling conventional medium density housing techniques and specialized ‘social’ design in a semi-urban setting; this thesis aimed to find ways to create a model that allows for facilitating the togetherness of strangers without forcing them to fully assimilate. The research challenges how contemporary architecture can create an environment where people of different ages or backgrounds can be housed together to form a ‘living community’. It finds that flexible inclusive design that adapts to the existing fabric and allows for integration with the wider community as well as the examined groups can offer a successful model for the togetherness of strangers.
A River's Call: An Architectural Response
Authors:   , Buxton Bridget
Published: July 2022

The Whanganui River was the first in the world to be granted the status of a legal person. Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Bill was passed on 16 March 2017 after a 140-year long campaign by Whanganui Iwi. This groundbreaking piece of legislation was a call for protection of our environment. Since the 1870s, actions such as channelisation, hydropower diversions, port dredging, agricultural development, climate change and densification have fundamentally changed the river and the way she performs her journey from the mountains to the sea.

This thesis imagines a future for sites within the wider Whanganui lower river area, with architectural interventions that recognise different elements of Te Awa Tupua and respond to their specific site conditions, past, present and future. The process and design outcomes recognise Te Awa as an “indivisible and living whole,” with shared influence of, and benefit from the architecture.

The thesis uses traditional research and design-as-research concurrently to gain an understanding of the historical, cultural, political, ecological and social context. Conversations with local people, photography, mapping and drawing analysis of the Awa lead to an understanding that fostered empathetic design responses. At every scale, design decisions scrutinised not only the human perspective, but the River’s too. A shifting legal-social-ecological climate is presented through the body of work as the designs embrace necessary changes in the way we interact with and understand our environment.

The thesis illustrates the potential of Te Awa Tupua to revolutionise future urban and social developments in Whanganui. As well as this, it provides precedent of design outcomes in a shifting New Zealand legal landscape, one that aims to protect the environment and uphold bi-cultural principles. Multiple methods and processes express the multi-dimensionality of Te Awa Tupua.

By learning from past wrongs, and working for ecological integrity, there is potential to improve human and non-human relationships within water edge conditions in Aotearoa and beyond. For designers, this is a responsibility.
Red Lights
Authors:   , Adams-Winch Riley
Published: July 2022

People have a tricky relationship with sex. Where, when, how, and with whom we have sex is as much a product of social convention as biological necessity. New Zealand has been legally progressive in enabling its economic practice, but culturally puritanical in how we treat those who make use of that legal protection. The result of this is a stigma surrounding the purchase of sex, sex-work, and the architecture associated with it. This thesis asks how architectural design and representation can challenge sex-work stigma. It explores the spatiality, forms and the drawing of sex-work architecture and makes subtle, often satirical inflections, through design research, stigma as a spatial and representational phenomenon is explored and critiqued, leading to a strong challenge to norms of sex-work stigma. The design research is conducted at three different scales, through a series of design experiments. These allow stigma to be tested at individual, group, and societal scales, and lead to three distinct architectural propositions: an installation which uses architectural drawing to question social conventions; a brothel is designed which confronts public perceptions of sex-work; and a red-light district is mapped out that enables safe, educated, and legally sound participation in the sex industry. The aim is to produce architecture that resists sex-work stigma as well as enabling and supporting community driven resistance and activism against it.
Walking the Gully - Designing Journey Pathways with the Ngauranga Gorge
Authors:   , Jepson Adam
Published: July 2022

The ongoing outward expansion of cities and desire to make them pedestrian friendly faces difficulties when confronted by certain landscapes, especially when a car dominant highway infrastructure has a grasp on gully landscapes. Disconnection of pedestrians is frequently observed in highway infrastructure; however, it becomes exaggerated by the large and steep topography of gullies. This displays the lack of walkability that has resulted in the overlap of designed highway infrastructures within urban gully landscapes.

This project researches how the body used as a design tool can attend to the sublime quality present in urban gully landscapes and enhance the transit of walking by means of a journey to connect the bodily and temporal experiences to the severed landscape. The overall ambition for this research is to empower the pedestrian within infrastructural spaces that currently do not favor them, whilst connecting the walker experience to the gorge landscape.

Taking the Ngauranga Gorge north of Wellington City as a testing ground for this proposition the research spans three scopes:1. Strategic focus ensured integration of wider infrastructural influences of hydrology and movement corridors;2. Hydrological focus provided design potential for movement routes and aesthetic qualities of intimate walking experiences to develop whilst advancing stormwater management;3. Attendance to body relationships and intimacy of walking through a journey rather than designing to get from point A to B methodologically.

The research is a strongly process driven creating a methodology that aims on improving the walkability of the urban gully landscape. The methodology led to the design of two pathways, from nine proposed paths in the network scheme for the site.
Attached: A New Methodology for Medium Density Volume Housing in Auckland
Authors:   , Soufflot Christopher
Published: July 2022

Housing within our cities has always been an issue for New Zealand; Governments of past and present have tried relentlessly to move people towards the suburbs (Schrader, 2005), but there is something that draws people to the big smoke. Living around the corner from your job can be a saviour on a rainy morning, and your local coffee shop appreciates the business, but there is only so much land that we can occupy with housing. The New Zealand lifestyle pushes us away from high-rise apartments, so how do we as architects work with the increasing influx of people that want to live within our cities.

More and more we are moving to medium density housing large developments of cookie-cutter dwellings that set to minimise land use (“Mediumdensity housing in New Zealand,” 2016). They work well in our cities; Wellington has them scattered through the CBD and Auckland’s innercity suburbs could be defined by them, but do they really work? Does the 3-story terraced house meet the needs of every typology of MDVH occupant?

MDVH commonly follow a standard method of volume housing construction; design one, build, and repeat. The process is a simple yet effective way of mass construction, however with a large variety of occupants, are designs meeting the needs of the wide variety of MDVH occupants?

Attached is an investigative, design-by-research, thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington School of Architecture. The aim of this research is to answer the question: How can Medium Density Volume Housing (MDVH) in Auckland better respond to the needs of the occupant? The outcome is a new system of design that allows for a greater level of occupant inclusion during the pre and during construction processes, alongside a model of MDVH design that allows for a greater level of post-construction adaptability.

This thesis undertakes background research into existing MDVH case studies, literary reviews of existing writings on MDVH, alongside a postoccupation survey of existing MDVH users within the Auckland region. To test outcomes, this thesis uses a series of integrated design tests to ensure realism within findings.

Through final outcomes this research uses the newly developed system to demonstrate how MDVH can better respond to the needs of the occupants in an effective way.
The French Contribution to the Exploration of the Pacific in the Eighteenth Century
Authors:   , Dunmore John
Published: July 2022

THIS THESIS is an attempt to examine and correlate the voyages of the French in the Pacific Ocean during the latter part of the eighteenth century. So far, no study of this kind has been attempted, most recent research work in France and Australia being directed towards problems of colonisation and administration. Existing modern works on eighteenth-century French voyages are very sparse, usually limited to broad accounts of individual voyages or to biographies, with little recourse to unpublished sources. Even studies of importance, such as the Swedish historian Dahlgren's work on trading voyages, remain little known: it is still customary, for instance, to refer to Bougainville as the first French captain to complete a circumnavigation, whereas in fact he was the eleventh.
Taimi Tonu - Just in Time: an Evaluation of Tonga's Restorative Youth Diversion Scheme
Authors:   , Mackesy-Buckley Sean Fergus
Published: July 2022

In November of 2006, a number of young people under the age of 18 were involved in rioting that destroyed a large portion of the Kingdom of Tonga's capital city, Nuku'alofa. The Government of Tonga (GoT) responded by implementing a youth diversion scheme (YDS) based on the principles and practices of restorative justice.

The intention was that through the YDS, youth could be held accountable for their actions whilst avoiding time consuming and life damaging criminal prosecutions. This thesis evaluated the YDS to determine what its outcomes were and whether the continuation of the scheme would provide the Tongan justice system with an effective tool for addressing youth in conflict with the law. Literature on how the Tongan justice system addressed youth in conflict with the law prior to the YDS, is reviewed and barriers to effectiveness are identified. Literature relating to the design of the YDS, restorative justice and aspects of New Zealand's own youth justicesystem is also reviewed and used to develop YDS evaluation criteria. Data on the YDS has been collected from records, interviews with those involved and observations of practice. This data is evaluated and the outcomes are assessed for their effectiveness in responding to youth in conflict with the law. The study concludes that the YDS is an effective tool for responding to youth inconflict with the law. It provides an effective alternative to punitive responses to youth offending; it advances compliance with a number of those international human rights provisions relevant to the protection of youth in conflict with the law; it has relieved pressure on a backlogged criminal justice system; and it enabled 34 of 35youth to be held accountable for their actions without recourse to criminal prosecution. At the same time a number of challenges were identified that could impede its ability to sustain these outcomes. Nevertheless, the YDS achievedconsiderable success and provides Tonga with a unique tool for effectively responding to youth in conflict with the law.
Abstract Program Visualisation: Object Orientation in the Tarraingim Program Exploratorium
Authors:   , Noble Robert James
Published: July 2022

Program visualisation uses computer graphics and animation techniques to produce pictures illustrating the dynamic behaviour of a running computer program. Most program visualisation systems display either language-level details of programs or high-level overviews of the program's algorithm. This thesis investigates the use of abstraction in program visualisation. The goal of the project was to find techniques which could produce displays of programs at all levels of abstraction, and which would not require a large amount of information about the implementation of the program to be visualised. Based upon analyses of program visualisation and abstraction in programming, a model of abstract program visualisation is developed. This model uses object orientation to explicitly represent abstractions in the programs to be visualised. An object oriented framework for the design of an interactive program visualisation system (a program exploratorium) is developed based upon this model. This framework is used to construct Tarraingim, a prototype program exploratorium, as a proof of concept for the model. Tarraingim produces multiple views of object oriented programs at multiple levels of abstraction, by invisibly monitoring the programs' execution and using the information gathered to control graphical animations. Tarraingim is written in the SELF programming language, and visualises programs written in that language. A series of examples is presented to illustrate Tarraingim in action.
Lethe and Mnemosyne Revisited: Presence and Absence in the Modern Day City
Authors:   , Wilson David
Published: July 2022

Urban planner Roger Trancik refers to central urban areas that are effectively impossible to use as “lost sites”. Lost sites are often located in association with large infrastructural systems such as motorways, railways and waterfronts, where these regional systems disrupt the urban fabric on a local scale. Another form of lost site in many cities is a cemetery. The cemetery is by default a lost site that cannot be used to help repair the urban fabric or promote urban growth. However the cemetery makes a vital and active contribution to the heritage of a city, and often increases the available green space that can be vital to a city’s environmental systems. Therefore as a lost site a cemetery is still contributing.

The Wellington Urban Motorway removed one ‘lost site’ of the Bolton Street Cemetery and replaced it with another ‘lost site’ – a section of motorway that does not even serve its original purpose because it was never completed. This thesis investigates how both of these lost sites can be reconceived through design to actively contribute to the urban context and help restore what the original community lost. The investigation looks for ways to help reengage the site with its surrounding context by bringing back the cemetery as a fundamentally green space – and important heritage element – within the city. The thesis proposes to reconceive what a cemetery can be, inviting it to act as a vital and engaging public space that still maintains the important heritage characteristics and memories of a traditional cemetery. By relocating the cemetery back within reach of the city, what other urban issues can the site look to address to continue to give back to the life of the city, making it a dynamic, multi-functional space, while creating a unique way to address life, death and the workings of a city?
Questioning The Quarry - Negotiating Landscapes Through Reciprocity
Authors:   , Lark Nathan
Published: July 2022

Questioning the Quarry, explores an alternative approach in rectifying spatial disconnection between the Kapiti Coast District and their industrial hinterland quarry.

Quarrying remains one of the largest industries, performed by man and machines, which advocates resources beneath Earth’s surface are more valuable once extracted than the natural landscape which lies above. Typically, sites of extraction are distanced from neighbouring townships resulting in little to no “physical relationship”. What opportunities exist when extraction sites are within walking distance from populated areas? What happens when sites are no longer ‘valuable’ left to then be abandoned with nothing but an irreversible scar across the natural landscape?

As global populations increase, so too does the adverse effects which occur on the natural landscape, often detrimental to regional identity. The desire to retreat from the concrete jungle in favour of wide open spaces and freedom the coastal lifestyle offers, has seen the Kapiti Coast become one of New Zealand’s most desirable destinations to settle. Kapiti’s most noticeable addition across the landscape is construction of the McKay’s to Peka-Peka expressway. This expressway is expected to cause significant alterations to the natural dynamic and open space provisions, particularly on the regions eastern areas. Kapiti Quarry, situated in the eastern foothills, provides an opportunity to create meaningful connections between the township, through the quarry and into the mountain ranges beyond, providing quality open space provisions for this increasingly disconnected area.

The intention of this design-led research is to investigate opportunities to create meaningful connections between the Kapiti Coast District and their hinterland quarry. The aim will contribute to alleviating spatial disconnection by creating quality usable spaces for future growth of Kapiti’s Open Space Network. Explorations and research outcomes are the result of design-led experiments exploring “reciprocity” through ways which the public “negotiates” these “landscapes”, one a declining isolated urban area with insufficient open space, the other a post-industrial quarried landscape.
Intangible Borders: Architectural Negotiations in Cross Cultural Contexts
Authors:   , Everitt Benjamin
Published: July 2022

The way in which people inhabit, interact, and perceive spaces are heavily influenced by, but not limited to their cultural identity. As the ethnic demographics of cities continue to diversify, there is a growing need for public space and infrastructure to be accessible, and representative of a wide range of cultures.

However, the role that architecture plays in the cultural representation of cities is often misleading. Architecture within a globalised world often place great emphasis on symbolism as a means to represent cultural identity. When either national or cultural identity is represented through architecture, many architectural gestures can lead to misinterpretation, or a complete misrepresentation of identity.

This research, positioned around contemporary cross cultural architectural theory, is focused on architectural methods to negotiate the social values, activities, and behaviours of a foreign culture, within the poetics that define the absolute core of the local sense of place.

This is the design process of spatially negotiating cultural boundaries, and blurring the encounters between multiple cultural identities that are physically manifested within tangible places. The role of the final design does not aim to pose itself as an ideological representation of New Zealand that is expected of a conventional embassy design. Moreover this is not an attempt to find a convenient coming together of eastern and western cultural identity. This is however a proposal designed to accommodate for the ambiguity of subjective, individual identities within cross cultural contexts. Such that, the series of spaces developed in this research cater for the globalist New Zealand diaspora, and local Japanese inhabitants; who have to negotiate the multicultural, spatial and temporal boundaries within the urban patterns of Tokyo.

This was achieved through the spatial relationships built between individual rituals, and a poetic use of place conscious tectonics. An iterative design process has developed spaces that appropriately transition between the freely accessible public interfaces of the street, into the innermost private spaces catered for intimate cultural rituals. The degree of privacy was influenced by urban spatial patterns such as ‘ma’, and ‘oku’, within Tokyo that fundamentally defined the local sense of place.
Reporting to Detention: Developing the architectural model of New Zealand's youth residences
Authors:   , Walsh Chelsea
Published: July 2022

Conversations surrounding New Zealand’s young offenders have always been controversial, especially with re-offending rates on the rise according to the 2018 Ministry of Justice Youth Offenders Report (Ministry of Justice, 2018). This research portfolio challenges the way we approach built form of New Zealand’s youth residences by considering architecture as a device that can aid in the rehabilitation of youth in the justice system. With only four youth residences nationally, the current state of residences demonstrate school-like buildings trapped inside wired fences. This research seeks to investigate these current environments and their promotion of playground behaviours.

Reporting to Detention will critically evaluate the design influence of Mātauranga Māori through the local indigenous Māori culture and community at the research location of Pātea. Design methods which underpin this methodology will consist of design drivers such as the influence of colour and conceptual mapping on space to enhance a narrative that stimulates program. The use of colour in particular will be explored as a means to contribute to the therapeutic environment of both internal and external spaces, utilising natural materials, textures and colouration to create relationships to space. I am proposing a building designed not only for a functional purpose but to create purpose in the lives of New Zealand’s at-risk youth.