bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-existent ocular myasthenia gravis and Graves’ disease in a 5 year old
Authors: Watson Olivia , Jack Michelle , Young Helen
Published: September 2021

Myasthenia gravis and Graves’ disease are known to co-exist in adults, yet there have only been a small number of paediatric cases reported. We report a 5 year old female who was diagnosed with ocular myasthenia gravis after presenting with unilateral ptosis and subsequently found also to have Graves’ disease. She was treated successfully with pyridostigmine, corticosteroids and carbimazole without symptom recurrence or progression to generalised myasthenia gravis. The aetiology of the coexistence is not fully understood, nor is the relationship between the two disorders’ presentation and treatment. We discuss the variation in clinical presentation of myasthenia gravis between populations and when associated with autoimmune thyroid disease, potential HLA-related genetic susceptibility and the varying approaches to treatment of the co-existent disorders.
Building a Bridge for Batten Disease
Authors: Feuerborn Melissa , Keirns Carla , Barohn Richard
Published: September 2021

Background. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, or Batten disease, is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in seizures, vision loss, vegetative state, and premature death. This project aims to understand the value of disease organizations in the management of Batten disease progression.

Methods. Seven semi-structured interviews with caregivers of children with Batten disease were conducted at a national family conference. Also, five semi-structured telephone interviews with disease organizations were conducted, two of which were Batten disease specific.

Results. Most caregiver participants reported difficulties in getting a diagnosis. All participants reported significant benefit from involvement in the Batten Disease Support and Research Association (BDSRA) and associated family conference. Some of the most challenging aspects of care centered around a lack of in-home aid, medical equipment, and the education system. The disease advocacy organizations included Rare KC, the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD), Global Genes, Noah’s Hope, and Taylor’s Tale. Disease organizations encourage rare disease families to thrive by providing the bridge that connects patients, physicians, and researchers. A central organization implements an avenue for individuals to share information and meet people in the rare disease community.

Conclusions. The participants provided clear examples of the benefits families received from being involved in a rare disease organization.
Protocol L2.3 (LIG fabrication) v1
Authors: S McLamore Eric , Vanegas Diana , not provided dbahamo , not provided kmccour , Tang Yifan
Published: September 2021

This protocol describes the procedure for deposition of biotinylated aptamers on avidin-coated LIG electrodes. The complete process requires approximately 25 min to complete (Fig 1).
[RETRACTED] VigorNow Male Enhancement Reviews v1
Authors: Qasim Tahir
Published: September 2021

[RETRACTED]

VigorNow is a must to ensure that each person is able to sleep and perform at all times he wants to.
Viver (n)a Cidade
Authors: Soczka Luis
Published: September 2021

Apresentação de número temático
Fears and phobias
Authors: Marks Isaac
Published: September 2021

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Recherches sur les facteurs émotionnels et comportementaux impliqués dans l'étiologie des troubles des coronaires
Authors: Rimé Bernard
Published: September 2021

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Automatic Cell Nucleus Segmentation Using Superpixels and Clustering Methods in Histopathological Images
Authors: MENDİ Gamze , BUDAK Cafer
Published: September 2021

It is seen that there is an increase in cancer and cancer-related deaths day by day. Early diagnosis is vital for the early treatment of the cancerous area. Computer-aided programs allow for early diagnosis of unhealthy cells that specialist pathologists diagnose as a result of efforts. In this study, kMeans and Fuzzy C Means methods, which are among the global segmentation methods, and SLIC, Quickshift, Felzenszwalb, Watershed and ERS algorithms, which are among the superpixel segmentation methods, were used for automatic cell nucleus detection in high resolution histopathological images with computer aided programs. As a result of the study, the success performances of the segmentation algorithms were analyzed and evaluated. It is seen that better success is obtained in watershed and FCM algorithms in high resolution histopathological images used. Quickshift and SLIC methods gave better results in terms of precision. It is seen that there are k-Means and FCM algorithms that provide the best performance in F measure (F-M) and the true negative rate (TNR) is more successful in Quickshift, k-Means and SLIC methods.
Thrombotic storm, hemostasis disorders and thromboinflammation in COVID-19
Authors: Makatsariya A. D. , Slukhanchuk E. V. , Bitsadze V. O. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Tretyakova M. V. , Shkoda A. S. , Akinshina S. V. , Makatsariya N. A. , Tsibizova V. I. , Gris J.-C. , Elalamy I. , Ay С. , Grandone E.
Published: September 2021

The rate of thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been increasing in COVID-19 patients. Key features related to such condition include minimal or no risk of bleeding, moderate thrombocytopenia, high plasma fibrinogen as well as complement components level in the areas of thrombotic microangiopathy. The clinical picture is not typical for classic DIC. This review systematizes the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypercoagulation in sepsis and its extreme forms in patients with COVID-19. The latter consist of the thrombosis-related immune mechanisms, the complement activation, the macrophage activation syndrome, the formation of antiphospholipid antibodies, the hyperferritinemia, and the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system. Taking into consideration the pathogenetic mechanisms, the biomarkers had been identified related to the prognosis of the disease development. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and other risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and aging pose the peak risk of dying from COVID-19. We also summarize new data on platelet and endothelial dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and, as a result, thrombotic storm as essential components of COVID-19 severe features.
Teleseismic waveform modeling including geometrical effects of superficial geological structures near to seismic sources
Authors: Gaffet Stéphane
Published: September 2021

We analyze observed seismograms of 21 events recorded at teleseismic distances in France from nuclear explosions detonated at Nevada Test Site (NTS). Variations of the displacement waveform, duration, and amplitude are studied in terms of influence of the explosion's source medium and location in the laterally heterogeneous Yucca Flat basin. The analysis is made using numerical modeling of data that simulate the modifications of the original source signal by the geometry of the surrounding geological structure. Spalling and nonlinear effects are not included in computations. The numerical simulations of the variations are processed using a mixed symbolic and numerical algorithm developed to simulate the ground motions that may be recorded in any kind of two-dimensional heterogeneous nonvertical structures. This algorithm is linked (1) to the discrete wavenumber-boundary integral equation method and to the reciprocity theorem to simulate the displacement field radiated to far-field distances by the source site geological structure, and (2) to ray propagation to propagate the displacement field across the mantle from the source region to the receiver. Variations of the computed displacement amplitudes are as large as a factor of 2 from one detonation point to another. The shapes of the observed seismograms are modeled with good reliability for most of the 21 events in the frequency band studied, i.e., 0.2 to 2.5 Hz. A set of 21 relative yield estimates are derived, which include the source site response and thus the amplitude variations induced by the heterogeneous structure of the source region.
Seismogram synthesis for multi-layered media with irregular interfaces by global generalized reflection/transmission matrices method. II. Applications for 2D SH case
Authors: Chen Xiaofei
Published: September 2021

As the second part of a series study attempting to present a new method of seismogram synthesis for the irregular multi-layered media problems, the present article is devoted to discussing the aspects of the implementation of our new formulation developed earlier in part I of this series study (Chen, 1990). In this article, we have verified the validity of the formulation by comparing our numerical results with the existing analytical solutions for the scattering problem of a semi-circular canyon, and have shown its applicability by computing the synthetic seismograms for several selected irregular multi-layered media cases. Finally, applying our algorithm to the Whittier-Narrows earthquake of 1987, we have successfully interpreted the observed records.
Animal Protection in Hungary: A Multilayer System Based on an Administrative Approach
Authors: Hoffman István , Somody Bernadette
Published: September 2021

Animal protection has a long tradition in the Hungarian legal system. It can be interpreted as a multi-layer model, but the major approach of animal protection has an administrative nature. Originally, animal protection was interpreted as protecting farm animals as resources. Even though new layers have been evolved, the agricultural-administrative approach remained. The second layer is based on the protection of health and healthy nature. Animals are even protected as part of the natural environment and ecosystem and their protection is part of securing the biodiversity in Hungary. Although animal cruelty is a criminal offense in Hungary, the penal law approach is consistent with administrative law as it is based on the institutional protection of the fundamental right to health and a healthy environment. The law acknowledges that animals are capable of feeling, of suffering. However, animal protection stems from the state’s objective – subjectless – duty to protect the environment and humans’ living conditions. Its ultimate aim is to protect humans.
A Review of the Halal Poultry Slaughtering from Welfare and Legal Perspectives: Analysis of Research Results
Authors: Al-Shammari Karrar Imad Abdulsahib
Published: September 2021

The subject of halal slaughtering is one of the most widely discussed issues of animal cruelty and animal welfare in the public sphere. The discrepancy in understanding the contemporary and religious laws pertaining to animal slaughtering does not fully publicize to Islamic and Muslim majority countries especially with respect to interpreting the use of stunning in animals. The electrical stunning is the cheapest, easiest, safest, and most suitable method for slaughtering that is widespread and developed. However, stunning on head of poultry before being slaughtered is a controversial aspect among the Islamic sects due to regulations of the European Union and some other countries. The current review highlights the instructions of halal slaughtering, legal legislation, and the effect of this global practice on poultry welfare and the quality of produced meat.
Legal Status of Animals in Poland
Authors: Kruk Emil
Published: September 2021

The article is of a scientific and research nature and it is aimed primarily at outlining the legal status of animals and to what extent legal regulations governing this status determine the level of humane protection of animals in Poland. To achieve this goal, first of all, the concept of “animal” needed to be made more specific, the principle of dereification discussed and its normative scope outlined, and the characteristics of an animal as a specific tangible good needed to be presented. The need to address the issue is determined primarily by the awareness that the way of human life and human attitude to animals has been changing with the development of civilisation. In any case, the changes that have taken place in this area in recent decades make the title issue topical and conducive to verify previous findings. It is assumed that the research carried out will contribute to the development of an optimal model of legal protection of animals and to the development of legal science. The very dissemination of the results is to raise the social awareness of the legal status of animals, which is one of the conditions of further progress of civilisation.
Admissibility of the Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes in the Light of International Public Law and EU Law
Authors: Lubeńczuk Grzegorz
Published: September 2021

The article is aimed at assessing the regulations of the European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes, opened for signature in Strasbourg on 18 March 1986, and Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in the context of their impact on the number of procedures which set out a model for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes in European countries, in the perspective of their impact on the reduction of the number of scientific procedures using animals carried out in European countries, including especially those involving the highest degree of suffering for animals. The starting point for this assessment was the identification of rules determining the admissibility of scientific use of animals in European countries and the impact that certain measures implemented under these rules may have on the reduction of the number of procedures involving animals. In principle, the analysis of these solutions is to specify the directions of further development of regulations aimed at protecting animals used for scientific purposes.
Protection of Animals Living in the Wild
Authors: Spasowska-Czarny Hanna
Published: September 2021

Wild animals function in specific ecosystems, contribute to maintaining biological balance and their legal protection dates back to antiquity. Doubts about the legal nature of free-living animals existed long before the principle of dereification appeared in Polish legislation. Judicature took the position that although animals cannot be denied the attribute of material goods, they are not things. Acceptance of such an assumption led to the conclusion that neither the state nor any other entity has the right of ownership to animals. This was justified by the lack of possibility to subject free-living animals to human authority. The problem of legal protection of free-living animals as a part of substantive administrative law has been regulated in a number of acts of international, European and national law. The types and objectives of the protection of free-living animals and the methods of protection of endangered species are diverse.
Humane Protection of Animals Against the Effects of Fireworks Displays
Authors: Szewczyk Ewa
Published: September 2021

This article is of a scientific and research nature. Its subject is the humane protection of animals, expressly declared by the Polish legislator in the provisions of the Animal Protection Act, as regarded in the context of wide access to individual use of fireworks by private persons. The author seeks an answer to the question whether the legislator’s high-sounding declarations expressed in the Animal Protection Act, providing for humane protection of animals in Poland, are reflected in respective national or local regulations which would make it possible for the owners or guardians of animals to protect them against the effects of fireworks, especially against noise. The aim of the research is to indicate who, if it has not already been done by the national legislator, is authorised to issue regulations limiting the use of fireworks, in a manner modelled for example on Australian solutions, where displays can be organised by licensed, authorised companies, or in a manner whereby the owner or keeper of the animal is informed in advance by an announcement on the Internet or in a local newspaper of the planned place and date of the pyrotechnic show, so that he or she can provide protection for his or her animal by moving away from the venue in advance. The analysis of national solutions aims to indicate how the shortcomings in this area should be addressed by the regional legislator.
The Legal Protection of Wild Animals in the Context of Contemporary Challenges with Particular Emphasis on Global Conditions: Selected Issues
Authors: Zdyb Marian
Published: September 2021

The article is of a research nature and has been prepared using methods appropriate for this type of publication. Obviously, the formal-dogmatic or legal-comparative method is important in this respect. However, the observation of the actual state related to the implementation of the protection in question is also not without significance. Such an approach is reflected in the adopted aim and formulated research theses. The subject matter of the article is very important from the point of view of the protection of the environment and natural resources, of which the animal world is an important element. The publication concerns issues of international importance and is undoubtedly original in character, which makes it valuable not only for scholarship but also for practice. The protection of animals is connected with saving the environment and the order in which humans live. Therefore, humanitarian and ethical considerations – reflected in legal scholarship and in normative acts – should also be taken into account. This is expressed in Article 1 (1) of the Polish Act of 21 August 1997 on the protection of animals (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2020, item 638), which states that: “An animal as a living being capable of suffering, is not a thing. Humans owe him respect, protection and care”. Such an obligation in Poland also results from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Undoubtedly, a very important element in the protection of animals is the development of an appropriate system of national law and international law. Their coexistence is a guarantee of effective legal protection of animals, especially those threatened with extinction. For an optimal model of law in the field of animal protection to be formed, it is important to shape an effective system of authorities, services and institutions equipped with rational instruments for action. Effective supranational cooperation seems essential to optimise activities to save animals threatened with extinction.
Humane Legal Protection of Homeless Animals
Authors: Zębek Elżbieta
Published: September 2021

Animal rights at the international level have been defined in the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare, which has become a guiding principle for many EU countries in shaping animal protection legislation. The subject of this article is the humane protection of homeless animals, which is the responsibility of the municipality in terms of maintaining cleanliness and order. The study assumes that by carrying out tasks regarding the protection of animals from homelessness, municipalities contribute to the effective protection of animals by providing them with appropriate care. The analysis found that the provisions of the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare have been fully incorporated into Polish legislation. However, the effectiveness of the provisions on the protection of homeless animals executed by municipalities is not entirely satisfactory as evidenced by the post-inspection data and selected jurisprudence. In order to improve this state of affairs, the following de lege ferenda postulates were formulated, which in part are also guidelines of the Supreme Audit Office extending the catalog of activities in municipal homeless animal protection programs, introducing the requirement to inspect animal shelters by municipalities, changing the location requirements of animal shelters and also clarifying sanitary requirements concerning the conditions in which animals live in to improve their welfare. The above changes in legislation may contribute to more efficient humane protection of homeless animals in Poland and may serve as an example for other EU countries.
Legal Status of the Animal as a Determinant of Its Humanitarian Protection
Authors: Goździewicz-Biechońska Justyna , Jachnik Eliza
Published: September 2021

The article concerns the humanitarian protection of animals in Polish law. It is of a scientific and research nature and its purpose is to define the relationship between the legal status of an animal and the nature and the scope of its humanitarian protection. The legal status of an animal is determined by the Animal Protection Act, through dereification and the general principle of humane treatment of animals. In the light of legal provisions, two basic categories of animals can be distinguished in the context of their humanitarian protection: domestic animals and working animals. The latter are then divided into further subcategories. The scope of humanitarian protection varies depending on belonging to a given category, because legal provisions differently define the scope and degree of obligations regarding animal welfare. However, the premises for classifying a given animal as belonging to one of those types, result not only from the scope of legal acts. The decisive role in this regard has the status that is given by a man, usually determined by the man’s attitude towards the animal and its utility for the man. This attitude is shaped individually in a specific case and is the actual source of the legal status of the animal and consequently its protection.
Pet Welfare in Municipal Adaptation Plans: Case of Poland
Authors: Haładyj Anna , Kułak-Krzysiak Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

The aim of the article was to explore pet welfare in Municipal Adaptation Plans (MAPs), based on a literature review and case studies of 40 MAPs accepted in Poland as part of the “Let’s Feel the Climate” project, supported by the Polish Ministry of Environment in 2017–2019. The study summarizes the concept of climate change and the importance of adaptation measures with particular emphasis on urban heat islands and heat stress, acknowledged by climate change literature, and outlines pet welfare in the context of thermal comfort and threats caused by heat stress. Because the authors subsequently presented an empirical study of the 40 accepted MAPs, they also discussed the role and legal nature of MAPs. The main hypothesis of this survey of Polish MAPs was that pet welfare in the context of their thermal comfort is an example of the adaptive measures clearly stipulated in Polish MAPs, which was examined after presenting the MAPs’ findings. The starting point was the assumption that the welfare of pets should also be assessed from the perspective of their thermal comfort – a new element of broadly understood animal welfare. This is due to the fact that pets are exposed to the risk of heat stress resulting from urban heat islands and, just like people, have to endure the inconvenience of extreme weather phenomena, which is impossible without the support of amenities such as drinkers or water shelters and the development of green and blue infrastructure.
Identification of Secondary Metabolites and Antibacterial Activity of Non Polar Fraction from Heterotrigona itama Propolis
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Yuliawan Veggy Nadya , Kustiawan Paula Mariana
Published: September 2021

Propolis is one of the natural products produced by kelulut bees and is still not widely used. The type of stingless bee that is the prima donna in the community is Heterotrigona itama. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of the n-hexane fraction of Heterotrigona itama bee propolis collected from Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. The n-hexane fraction was obtained from the methanol extract of H. itama propolis by the liquid-liquid partition method. After obtaining the n-hexane fraction, the research continued with a qualitative phytochemical test to identify the compound and determine total phenolic. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method with a serial concentration in Escherichia coli bacteria. Qualitative phytochemical analysis in the form of color changes showed that the n-hexane fraction of H. itama propolis contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Based on the results, the total phenolic content of the n-hexane fraction sample was 490 mgGAE/100 g. It caused the n-hexane fraction to have lower phenolic content than the methanol extract (792 mg GAE100 g). Furthermore, this result indicated that the non-polar fraction was not substantial enough to extracted phenolic compounds. It correlated to the antibacterial activity of the n-hexane fraction, which was very weak (2  mm ± 1.5) at  200µg/mL concentration.
Hair Tonic Formulation of Black Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis) as Hair Growth
Authors: Yusuf Nurul Arfiyanti , Hardianti Besse , Rahma Rahma
Published: September 2021

Black tea contains flavonoid and its derivate which is a mechanism of actions to stimulate and increase cell proliferation of hair dermal papilla cell to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) that trigger baldness. This study aimed to determine the stable hair tonic formula and to investigate the effectiveness of black tea extract hair tonic in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) as animal testing. There were 3 different concentrations used in this study namely formula 1 (1.25 % of black tea extract), formula 2 (2.5 % of black tea extract) and formula 3 (5 % of black tea extract). The physical stability evaluation was conducted using some tests such as organoleptic, pH, density determination and viscosity test. The result of this evaluation showed that all the three formulas were stable, its effectiveness as hair restorer then was tested and the result of this test indicated that black tea extract has activity as a hair fertilizer and the optimum extract was shown by the formula 3 with black tea extract concentration of 5% with the hair growth in the 18th day i.e., 9.62 ± 0.365 mm.
Analisis Strategi Interpretasi Makna Jukugo yang Tidak Diketahui oleh Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Universitas Brawijaya Angkatan 2018
Authors: Ratnasari Novita Putri Wahyu , Saragih Febi Ariani
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan strategi interpretasi makna jukugo yang tidak diketahui, serta faktor penyebab pemilihan strategi. Analisis penggunaan strategi dikaji menggunakan tiga teori yaitu teori kontekstual, mnemonic dengan rikusho, dan pembentukan jukugo. Faktor penyebab pemilihan strategi dikaji berdasarkan teori faktor pengaruh pemilihan strategi pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara dan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang Universitas Brawijaya angkatan 2018. Dari 47 responden didapatkan hasil bahwa kecenderungan strategi yang sering digunakan adalah strategi kontekstual, kemudian mnemonic dan metode pembentukan jukugo jarang digunakan. Diketahui faktor pemilihan strategi kontekstual yaitu pengetahuan kosakata, motivasi, gaya belajar kinestetik, kemampuan aptitude, dan kecerdasan linguistik. Faktor penyebab pemilihan strategi mnemonic yaitu kecerdasan spasial visual, gaya belajar visual, pengetahuan kosakata dan motivasi. Sementara Pengetahuan kosakata dan motivasi merupakan faktor penyebab pemilihan penggunaan strategi metode pembentukan jukugo.
Keefektifan Student-Centered Learning (SCL) Metode Cerita dalam Pembelajaran Huruf Kanji Level Menengah
Authors: Rosiah Rosi , Savana Azizia Freda
Published: September 2021

Dalam mempelajari Bahasa Jepang pembelajaran huruf Kanji merupakan salah satu hal yang paling sulit. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode dalam mempelajarinya. Telah banyak penelitian mengenai metode pembelajaran huruf kanji. Tapi, isu mengenai huruf kanji masih merupakan isu yang layak untuk diteliti berhubung masih banyak keterbatasan dan hal yang perlu dikembangkan dari metode sebelumnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Student-Centered Learning (SCL) Metode cerita dalam pembelajaran huruf kanji level menengah. Metode yang digunakan kuantitatif eksperimental dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 22 partisipan. Hasil yang setelah dilakukan perlakuan dengan metode cerita selama enam kali. Menunjukan bahwa metode cerita efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan terhadap kanji level menengah.
Analisis Indeks Kekeringan Meteorologis di Bagian Utara Kabupaten Lumajang
Authors: Absari Radiah Ulil , Halik Gusfan , Widiarti Wiwik Yunarni
Published: September 2021

Kekeringan merupakan salah satu masalah yang memiliki dampak terbesar dari seluruh bencana alam di dunia. Kekeringan terjadi akibat berkurangnya ketersediaan air sehingga berdampak pada kebutuhan sumber daya air, sektor pertanian dan lingkungan. Saat musim kemarau di Kabupaten Lumajang bagian utara seringkali mengalami kekurangan air bersih khususnya pada saat musim kemarau. Hal ini yang menjadi dasar penelitian ini untuk memitigasi kekeringan yang terjadi di Kabupaten Lumajang bagian utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dimana data masukannya adalah data curah hujan dari tahun 2000 hingga 2019. Hasil dari perhitungan indeks kekeringan diolah untuk mendapatkan peta sebaran kekeringan pada 6 tahun terakhir. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukan bahwa SPI-12 memiliki kesesuaian dengan data dropping air bersih sehingga nilai indeks kekeringan SPI-12 digunakan untuk mendapatkan peta sebarannya. Pada perhitungan SPI-12, kekeringan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan September 2018 dengan nilai -1,89 (sangat kering) dan hasil sebaran kekeringan pada tahun 2018 didominasi oleh status sangat kering dan hanya sebagian kecil mengalami kondisi kering.
Evaluasi Kinerja Gedung Apartemen 10 Lantai dengan Ketidakberaturan Horizontal
Authors: Rahmayanti Novi , Labiba Havri Yumna
Published: September 2021

Force Based Design (FBD) dan Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) merupakan metode yang umumnya digunakan untuk merencanakan bangunan gedung, namun metode DDBD belum familiar digunakan. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan pada Metode DDBD dengan gedung yang memiliki ketidakberaturan horizontal, karena terdapat berbagai variasi kekakuan portal. Hal ini berbeda dengan bangunan biasa dengan kekakuan yang relatif sama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keandalan hasil desain dengan metode DDBD pada bangunan gedung dengan ketidakberaturan horizontal sudut dalam bentuk U terhadap metode FBD berdasarkan SNI 1726 (2012). Perencanaan metode FBD menurut SNI 1726 (2012) dilakukan dengan analisis statik ekuivalen dan analisis respon struktur. Parameter yang dibandingkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi gaya geser dasar, perpindahan, simpangan antar tingkat, jumlah tulangan dan tingkat kinerja struktur menurut ATC-40. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode DDBD menghasilkan gaya geser, perpindahan, simpangan antar lantai dan kebutuhan tulangan paling besar. Dibandingkan dengan dua metode yang lain, namun tingkat kinerja yang didapatkan dari ketiga metode sama yaitu Damage Control (DO).
Kuat Tekan dan Tarik Belah Beton Serat Menggunakan Aggregat Ringan
Authors: Pujianto As'at , Faizah Restu , Wijaya Dodi Agusto , Abdurazak Junaidi , Prayuda Hakas , Wijaya Hendy
Published: September 2021

Beton adalah material untuk infrastruktur sipil yang sangat sering ditemukan dan digunakan di Indonesia. Beton memiliki berbagai kelebihan di antaranya ekonomis, tahan lama, ketahanan terhadap api yang tinggi dan kemudahan untuk mendapatkan bahan penyusunnya. Beton memiliki berat lebih kurang 2400 kg/m3, berat sendiri beton yang cukup tinggi merupakan salah satu kelemahan yang dimiliki beton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi sifat dasar mekanik beton ringan yang dikombinasikan dengan fiber. Batu apung digunakan pada penelitian ini sebagai agregat kasar sehingga berat jenis dari beton menjadi berkurang. Selain itu, untuk meningkatkan daktilitas beton digunakan dua jenis serat sebagai material tambahan. Serat buatan yang digunakan berupa glass fiber dan steel fiber dengan jumlahnya divariasikan dari 0%; 0,5%; 0,75% dan 1,0% dari total berat binder. Beberapa pengujian yang dilakukan pada studi ini yaitu memeriksa sifat beton segar dan beton yang telah mengeras. Pengujian slump dilakukan untuk memeriksa tingkat workabilitas beton segar sedangkan kuat tekan dan kuat tarik belah pada umur beton 28 hari dengan benda uji berbentuk silinder digunakan untuk menginvestigasi sifat beton yang telah mengeras. Hasil pemeriksaan beton segar menunjukkan bahwa penambahan jumlah serat yang tinggi menghasilkan workabilitas yang rendah. Sedangkan sifat beton keras menunjukkan bahwa baik kuat tekan maupun kuat tarik belah dengan jumlah serat yang tinggi mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan beton normal.
Karakterisasi Sambungan Friction Stir Spot Welding pada Plat Aluminium 5083
Authors: Nugroho Aris Widyo , Purnomo Fajar Hari , Rahman Muhammad Budi Nur
Published: September 2021

Karakterisasi sambungan las titik aduk pelat Alumunium 5083 telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu diam dan putaran pahat terhadap sambungan. Plat Aluminium 5083 dipotong menjadi benda uji dengan dimensi 100 x 30 x 3 mm. Sambungan putaran diterapkan untuk mengelas spesimen sesuai dengan standar AWS D8.9-97. Alat dengan diameter bahu 20 mm dan pin tirus disiapkan. Proses Friction strir welding (FSSW) dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter dwell-time 5, 10 dan 15 s dengan kecepatan putar masing-masing 1500 dan 2280 rpm. Temperatur pelat di dekat pin selama proses pengelasan diukur menggunakan termokopel tipe K. Morfologi dan struktur mikro sendi diamati menggunakan mikroskop optik. Kekerasan dan kapasitas beban tarik dari sambungan juga dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter kecepatan rotasi dominan mempengaruhi kualitas sambungan. Daya dukung tarik yang lebih tinggi ditemukan pada kecepatan putar yang lebih tinggi pada setiap dwell-time yang mencapai maksimum 3105,4 N. Semua spesimen menunjukkan kegagalan pull out nugget akibat terjadinya beban geser yang mendominasi penyebab kegagalan.
Analysis of cranio-cerebral injuries in vehicular accident victims in south Bangalore: A two-year retrospective study
Authors: Gopal B K  , Jagannatha S R  , Viswakanth. B  , Harsha R G
Published: September 2021

Road traffic accidents are regarded as the most common non communicable epidemics of the world. They are also a major cause for morbidity and mortality. The most common and vulnerable part of the body which is affected during road accidents is the head. This study was done at KIMS hospital Bangalore with an aim to observe the range of cranio-cerebral injuries by analysing the postmortem records between January 2011 to December 2012 retrospectively, which would provide valuable data for implementing effective emergency services to reduce trauma related mortality.

During the 2-year study period the study population had a total of 143 decedents ranging between age 5 years to 84 years. Victims of both sexes comprised the study population. The spectrum of head injuries with respect to incidence of skull fractures and type of intracranial haemorrhage were noted.

Male predominance was seen over females in 83% of cases. The most common age group to be affected was between 21-30 years, who made 30% of study population. 52% of the decedents had skull fractures, of which 50% of them had sub-arachnoid haemorrhage followed by 47% of decedents with sub-dural hemorrhage. Pedestrians accounted to 38% of the decedents while the remainder 62% accounted for vehicular occupants.
Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lomi Mosmi , Daniel M Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.

i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.

This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.

The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination.

We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.
Age estimation from morphological changes in pubic symphysis
Authors: Madanraj  , Suares Sheryl
Published: September 2021

The present study was carried out to examine if Mckern and Stewart method (1957) could be used to assess the age from pubic symphysis of male individuals of the Dakshina Kannada District. Samples of pubic bones were collected from 50 deceased males of known age who were brought for autopsy to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at a Tertiary care centre after obtaining a written informed consent from the relatives of the deceased. The analysis showed that the component based method of McKern and Stewart cannot be applied in its original form to the Indian population. The study established that the changes aiding in age analysis were more defined in the younger age groups and were obscured as the age advanced. It is also observed that the changes categorizing the bone in a particular age group commence at a later stage in the present study when compared to the reference studyThe likelihood of changes in each component of analysis being more pronounced in early stages are high compared to the older age groupThough analysis of pubic symphysis is useful in age estimation a study in bigger sample size will further prove the above hypothesis.
An analysis of deaths in two wheeler accidents among autopsied cases: Five year retrospective study
Authors: Slater Sajeev , Subramaniyam Sunil , Chandran Ravi
Published: September 2021

Road traffic accidents have become a major public health issue causing fatality and disabilities affecting and impacting the socio-economic development, an examination of the profiles of two-wheeler road traffic accidental injuries and a detailed forensic analysis is needed to reduce fatality and life altering disabilities.

In our present study done during a study period of 5 years from 2015 to 2019 the total number of autopsies reported to the mortuary was 930 cases, of which 233 deaths were due to two wheeler accidents. Male victims predominated (217) amounting to 93.1% when compared with female victims in a ratio of 13.5 : 1 and 70.0% (163) of the victims were from rural areas.

The cause of death in majority of cases was head injury in 157 (67.4%) cases. Fatal injuries were confined to a single region in 168 (72.1%) cases and to multiple regions in 65 (27.9%) cases. Skull fractures were noted in 148 cases with 70 cases of fissure fracture on calvaria alone and 30 cases of comminuted fracture. Haemorrhages were predominantly of subdural type in 160 cases, and subarachnoid type in 152 cases. About, 56.7% victims died in collision with 4 wheelers, 13.3% in collision with two wheelers, 15.0% due to collision with pedestrian, 2.1% victims died due to collision with 3 wheelers.

Driver clothes with fluorescent marks, day-time running lights for two wheelers and helmets in white or mild colors are suggested for easy noticability and to prevent collisions.
Analysis of suicide hanging deaths in South Bangalore: A three-year retrospective study
Authors: Gopal B K  , Jagannatha S R  , Viswakanth B  , Harsha R G
Published: September 2021

Hanging is the most frequently encountered asphyxial death in forensic medicine practice. It is the second most common method employed to commit suicide in India. Easy availability and presence of wide range of ligature materials at home itself makes hanging a preferred method of committing suicide. This study was done at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences & hospital Bangalore with an aim to evaluate suicidal hangings through perusal of postmortem reports retrospectively during the study period between Jan 2011 to Dec 2013.

During the 3-year study period the study population had a total of 519 decedents ranging between age 11 years to 77 years. Victims of both sexes comprised the study population. Suicidal hangings with reference to age, sex, socioeconomic status of the decedents, educational qualification, motive, time, type of suspension and position of knot were studied to evaluate the relationship between different parameters.

62.63% of the decedents were males. The most common age group affected were in their third decade of life, who made 43.35 population 66.1% of victims died in complete suspension and remainder 33.0952% of victims had typical know placement while 47.6% had atypical knot placement. 58.38% of victims belonged to lower socioeconomic strata of which a majority shared an educational qualification up to pre-university weighing a percentage of 26%. The motive in majority of the deaths remained unknown (38.15%), family disputes ranked second with a percentage of 36.03.
Pulmonary thromboembolism: A momentous event in a case of polytrauma
Authors: Nayak Manjit , Lalhminghlua R , Saiyed Mohammed Ziyauddin G , Jani Chetan
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the momentous events in a case of polytrauma. In majority cases because of sudden commencement, medicolegal autopsy shows insufficient macroscopic confirmation even though thrombo-embolism is the cause of death. During a medicolegal autopsy, the autopsy surgeon, firstly need to differentiate embolus and post mortem clot by gross examination. Histopathological examination (HPE) not only helps to establish emboli but also illuminates associated systemic changes in other organs as well. Most importantly, the correlation of autopsy findings and HPE findings with the clinical events reflected in medical records helps to scientifically explain the series of events during hospitalization. The same data is also useful in better monitoring and management of polytrauma cases in the future.
Unexplored potential: Biologically active compounds produced by microorganisms from hard-to-reach environments and their applications
Authors: Cyske Zuzanna , Jaroszewicz Weronika , Żabińska Magdalena , Lorenc Patryk , Sochocka Maja , Bielańska Patrycja , Grabowski Łukasz , Gaffke Lidia , Pierzynowska Karolina , Węgrzyn Grzegorz
Published: September 2021

Rapid development of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and fungi, as well as cancer drug resistance, has become a global medical problem. Therefore, alternative methods of treatment are considered. Studies of recent years have focused on finding new biologically active compounds that may be effective against drug-resistant cells. High biodiversity of hard-to-reach environments offers sources to search for novel molecules potentially applicable for medical purposes. In this review article, we summarize and discuss compounds produced by microorganisms from hot springs, glaciers, caves, underground lakes, marine ecosystems, and hydrothermal vents. Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential of these molecules are presented and discussed. We conclude that using compounds derived from microorganisms occurring in extreme environments might be considered in further studies on development of treatment procedures for diseases caused by drug-resistant cells.
The Impact of Firm Characteristics on Firm Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: A Boshnak Helmi , M Basheikh Abdullatif , S Basaif Mazen
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the impact of firm characteristics on the operational, financial, and market performance of Saudi listed firms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study applies a number of regression models over the period from Q3 2019 to Q3 2020, thereby enabling the examination of key drivers in the pre- and post-crisis periods. We find that the operational, financial, and market performance measures all saw a significant drop with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The models show that larger firms displayed better performance both before and after the pandemic, though there is some evidence of a weakening of this relation for return on equity (ROE) with the onset of the pandemic. Leverage is a clear negative driver of firm performance across the three measures both before and after the onset of the pandemic, though there is evidence that the effect strengthens after the crisis. Neither sales revenue scale nor firm liquidity exerts a significant impact on firm performance measures. Certain industry types, such as materials (petrochemicals), consumer services, real estate, and consumer durables & apparel appear most affected by the pandemic. Surprisingly, the regression models do not show a significant impact on the scale of the performance measures with the onset of the pandemic. The results of this study have wide implications for decision-makers, illustrating the imperative for regulatory bodies, governments and central banks to combine forces to reduce the financial and economic impacts of the pandemic both now and in the future.
Management of Receivables, Financial Distress, and Profitability in Bangladesh
Authors: N Ahkam Sharif , Nahar Nazmun , Shorna Shabnin Rahman
Published: September 2021

If a firm's profitability is affected by inefficient working capital practices, it is logical to assume that an adjustment of working capital will improve profitability. In particular, small and medium-sized businesses in the least developed countries (LDCs) and the new economies of Europe suffer from long delays relating to the payment of dues which threaten their survival. When the policies and practices are reasonably efficient, tweaking practices is not expected to be very beneficial. We should observe benefits from adjusting working capital practices for those companies that are clearly outside the norm in the industry. A major part of working capital management is receivables management and collection. In this study, we examine the data on receivables from Bangladesh from 2000 to 2017 to see if companies with inefficient working capital levels benefit from adjusting toward the norm, which is a new way of examining the benefits of adjustment. Specific actions and reactions will depend on the situation. Any adjustments that management make to fine-tune working capital management are unlikely to produce much value unless the underlying circumstances are taken into account. A new firm with a compelling case of quality and competitive strength may be more successful in managing a successful low average collection period (ACP) operating structure, and keeping the ACP low is strongly advised.