bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intercalated LiF on Interface Contact Characteristics of MoS2 Field Effect Transistor: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Hou Weimin , Chen Li , Yang Maoyou , Zhang Mingjian , Wang Junmei , Shi Jiakuo , Su Shuo , Zhang Duo , Wu Hongping
Published: May 2023

Based on the first‐principles calculation, the effect of intercalated LiF on the contact characteristics of the interface between Au electrode and MoS2 layer is studied. It is found that adding LiF film can change the contact type between metal electrode Au and MoS2 layer from Schottky contact to ohmic contact, which is accompanied by interfacial charge transfer from LiF layer to MoS2 layer and the downward movement of d (dxy and dz2) orbital of Mo atom and p (px and py) orbital of S atom to Fermi level. And the interlayer spacing between LiF layer and Au electrode has a great impact on the interface contact characteristics. The electric field effect and stress effect of interface contact of Au, LiF and MoS2 (Au/LiF/MoS2)is more obvious than that of interface contact of Au and MoS2 (Au/MoS2). Au/LiF/MoS2 shows ohmic contact with the interlayer spacing between Au layer and LiF layer less than 3.05 Å and with the electric field less than 0.15 VÅ−1, respectively, while Au/MoS2 still shows N‐type Schottky contact. These findings are helpful to control the contact resistance and have guiding significance for high performance MoS2 field effect transistor and other electronic components.
A comparative assessment of the use of suitable analytical techniques to evaluate plasticizer compatibility
Authors: Burns Katharine , Potgieter Johannes H. , Potgieter‐Vermaak Sanja , Ingram Ian D. V. , Liauw Christopher M.
Published: May 2023

The evaluation of novel phthalate‐free plasticisers for PVC formulations is hindered by the lack of a reliable quantitative method for testing plasticizer exudation from PVC formulations. Two methods of improving upon the ASTM D3291 exudation test have been trialed using ATR‐FTIR and GC–MS. The results of these methods are compared alongside a study of the glass transition temperatures (Tg) by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). FTIR is found to be unsuitable for determining plasticizer exudation as the method is not sufficiently sensitive to detect small changes in plasticizer distribution. Carbonyl peak positions in unstressed samples are instead investigated to determine the strength of interaction between the plasticisers and PVC chain. GC–MS is successfully used to quantify plasticizer exudation that could not be observed visually or by FTIR. Furthermore, these methods show limited correlation to each other, which highlights the importance of testing multiple aspects of compatibility when developing novel plasticisers for use in PVC.
A frequentist approach to dynamic borrowing
Authors: Li Ruilin , Lin Ray , Huang Jiangeng , Tian Lu , Zhu Jiawen
Published: May 2023

There has been growing interest in leveraging external control data to augment a randomized control group data in clinical trials and enable more informative decision making. In recent years, the quality and availability of real‐world data have improved steadily as external controls. However, information borrowing by directly pooling such external controls with randomized controls may lead to biased estimates of the treatment effect. Dynamic borrowing methods under the Bayesian framework have been proposed to better control the false positive error. However, the numerical computation and, especially, parameter tuning, of those Bayesian dynamic borrowing methods remain a challenge in practice. In this paper, we present a frequentist interpretation of a Bayesian commensurate prior borrowing approach and describe intrinsic challenges associated with this method from the perspective of optimization. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new dynamic borrowing approach using adaptive lasso. The treatment effect estimate derived from this method follows a known asymptotic distribution, which can be used to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests. The finite sample performance of the method is evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations under different settings. We observed highly competitive performance of adaptive lasso compared to Bayesian approaches. Methods for selecting tuning parameters are also thoroughly discussed based on results from numerical studies and an illustration example.
Examining the mediating role of brand trust and brand commitment in fostering consumer perceptions toward recycled products
Authors: Singh Deeksha , Kunja Sambashiva Rao
Published: May 2023

Over the past decade, there has been an upsurge in environmentally and socially conscious consumers. The paradigm shift toward sustainability has obligated businesses to understand the role of consumers' attitudes toward sustainability. This study examines the impact of brand attitude on the intent to purchase recycled products through brand trust and brand commitment. Prior research focused specifically on recycled products and luxury brands; thus, this study endeavors to examine consumer behavior from the perspective of non‐luxury brands within the context of recycling. In doing so, a sample of 333 Indian consumers was used to analyze the formulated hypothesis using mediation analysis in SPSS Process Macro. The findings exhibit that brand trust and brand commitment serve as mediators as well as serial mediators in the relationship between brand attitude and purchase intention toward recycled products. The study advances the literature on recycled products by combining two theories – theory of reasoned action and trust‐commitment theory, and by incorporating a branding perspective into the picture. Besides this, it helps marketers prioritize what is really important for a brand to gain trust and commitment from consumers in this competitive world.
The impact of ESG news on the volatility of the Portuguese stock market—Does it change during recessions?
Authors: Zanatto Cássio , Catalão‐Lopes Margarida , Pina Joaquim P. , Carrilho‐Nunes Inês
Published: May 2023

This paper assesses how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) news influence Portuguese stock market volatility depending on the business cycle. Given the lack of an adequate index to capture the effects of ESG media on the Portuguese stock market, a News Sentiment Index is developed. This index, which captures positive and negative ESG news on companies listed in the Portuguese Stock Index (PSI‐20), is then used as an external regressor in symmetric and asymmetric GARCH‐type models employed to model the stock market volatility. Results show that during non‐crisis periods ESG news reduce returns' volatility, and that when considering the period preceding the financial crisis the disclosure content (positive or negative) of the news matter. However, during economic downturns, neither the amount nor the content disclosure of ESG news affect volatility; thus, ESG preoccupations might no longer be paramount.
Spectrophotometric and Fluorimetric High‐Throughput Assays for Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase
Authors: Terholsen Henrik , Myrtollari Kamela , Larva Mirna , Möller Christina , Taden Andreas , Kourist Robert , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Kracher Daniel
Published: May 2023

Biocatalytic decarboxylation of hydroxycinnamic acids yields phenolic styrenes, which are important precursors for antioxidants, epoxy coatings, adhesives and other polymeric materials. Bacillus subtilis decarboxylase (BsPAD) is a cofactor‐independent enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of carbon dioxide from p‐coumaric‐, caffeic‐, and ferulic acid with high catalytic efficiency. Real‐time spectroscopic assays for decarboxylase reactions remove the necessity of extensive sample workup, which is required for HPLC, mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, or NMR methods. This work presents two robust and sensitive assays based on photometry and fluorimetry that allow decarboxylation reactions to be followed with high sensitivity while avoiding product extraction and long analysis times. Optimized assay procedures were used to measure BsPAD activity in cell lysates and to determine the kinetic constants (KM and Vmax) of the purified enzyme for p‐coumaric‐, caffeic‐ and ferulic acid. Substrate inhibition was shown for caffeic acid.
Acute arthritis following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: About two cases
Authors: Brahem Mouna , Jomaa Olfa , Arfa Sondess , Sarraj Rihab , Tekaya Rami , Berriche Olfa , Hachfi Haifa , Younes Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Joint involvement in COVID‐19 may occur at different stages of the disease and maybe represented by non‐specific arthralgia or by acute arthritis. We report two cases of COVID‐19 infection that were complicated by postviral reactive arthritis. Case 1: A 47‐year‐old male was presented 20 days after a COVID‐19 infection with acute right knee arthritis. On biologic data, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein were normal, and immunologic data were negative. A joint puncture was performed showing a turbid fluid. Testing for microcrystals was negative, as well as the synovial fluid culture. An infectious investigation was conducted, which was negative. The patient's complaints improved significantly, with analgesics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Case 2: A 33‐year‐old female presented with acute left knee arthritis evolving for 48 h, free of fever, after a COVID‐19 infection treated 15 days ago. On examination, besides knee arthritis, the osteoarticular examination was normal. A biological inflammatory syndrome was noted in laboratory tests. A yellow fluid with multiple PNN was detected in the joint fluid aspiration, with a negative culture. The patient was treated by analgesics and NSAID. The follow‐up was highlighted by the arthritis resolution. Conclusion: Both of our cases are consistent with what has already been reported in the literature confirming the development of PostCOVID arthritis and strengthen the impending necessity of wider studies to identify rheumatologic manifestations in the short‐ and long‐terms after surviving COVID‐19.
A latent profile analysis linking career learning experience profile to career decision‐making difficulties
Authors: Chang Biru , Zekai Li , Wang Longjie , Zhong Li , Shen Yamei
Published: May 2023

Although both theoretical and empirical studies have revealed the impact of career learning experiences on career decision‐making, most studies have ignored the interwind relationships between different career learning experiences. Thus, the present study employed a person‐centered approach to explore the different latent profiles of the career learning experiences that arise among Chinese college students and to examine how these profiles are related to career decision‐making difficulties. A sample of 1737 college students (72.7% females) completed the Chinese version of the Career Exploration and Decision Learning Experiences (CEDLE‐C) and Career Decision‐making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ). Four career learning experience profiles were identified: the multi‐source profile (5%, 79) characterized by high levels of personal mastery experience (PME), verbal persuasion (VP), vicarious learning (VL), and positive emotion (PE) and very low level of negative emotion (NE), the high‐mid‐source profile (42%, 723) characterized by these experiences slightly above mean levels, the mid‐source profile (45%, 789) characterized by mean levels of these experiences, and the unconfident profile (8%, 146) characterized by very low levels of PME, VP, VL, PE, and high level of NE. These four profiles differed in career decision‐making difficulties. Students in the unconfident profile experienced the most career decision‐making difficulties. The implications of these findings for further research and practices are discussed.
Synthesis of a Benzotrisazulene via Trioxobenzotrisazulene
Authors: Kirschbaum Tobias , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: May 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing odd‐membered rings (such as pentagons or heptagons) are fascinating synthetic targets. A special case is the introduction of five‐ and seven‐membered rings in form of an azulene unit. Azulene itself is an aromatic compounds known for its deep blue color, which is a result of its internal dipole moment. When azulene is embedded into PAHs it can change the optoelectronic properties of the PAH significantly. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a PAH containing three azulene units is reported via reduction and elimination of its trioxo derivative.
Gray‐Box Modeling of the Molecular Weight Distribution in a Batch Polymerization Reactor
Authors: Bordas Balazs , Kurt Kutup , Bamberg Andreas , Engell Sebastian
Published: May 2023

We introduce a gray‐box approach for modeling the molecular weight distribution in step‐growth polymerization reactions using the aggregation population balance equation. The approach is based on extracting a data‐based kernel function from in‐process measurements of the molecular weight distribution. The method is applied to historical data from an industrial batch polymerization reactor. The resulting model is used for decision support in production by predicting the reaction endpoint corresponding to a target molecular weight. The accuracy of the predictions proved to be sufficient for the deployment of the method.
Accelerated Ring‐Opening Polymerization of α‐Amino Acid N‐Carboxyanhydridevia Inorganic Nano‐initiators†
Authors: Zhu Junliang , He Yunjie , Ge Chenglong , Si Wenting , Song Ziyuan , Yin Lichen
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

While the accelerated polymerization of N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) has been utilized to synthesize versatile polypeptide materials in an efficient manner with minimized side reactions, the preparation of polypeptide‐based inorganic/organic hybrid materials with the acceleration strategy remained largely unexplored. Herein, we report the accelerated ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of NCAs mediated by amine‐modified inorganic nano‐initiators, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN‐NH2), which is driven by the cooperative effect of the neighboring α‐helical polypeptide chains in a dichloromethane (DCM)/water biphasic system. Well‐defined nano‐hybrids were prepared within 15 min from non‐purified NCA monomers, through in situ purification and subsequent ultrafast polymerization process. NCAs can be rapidly initiated by amino groups of MSN uniformly dispersed at the interface of DCM and water, and subsequently formed the well‐defined polypeptides within 15 min. The prepared inorganic/organic nano‐hybrid with MSN as the core and polypeptide as the shell adopted spherical morphology and uniform size distribution due to the excellent controllability of ROP. Besides, this system is also suitable for a variety of NCAs and inorganic nano‐initiators. This research allows efficient and rapid preparation of inorganic/organic nano‐hybrids, and further promotes the extensive application of this material in the biomedical fields.
One‐ and Two‐Electron Reductions in MiniSOG and their Implication in Catalysis**
Authors: Azpitarte Oksana , Zudaire Ane , Uranga Jon , Lopez Xabier , Salassa Luca , Formoso Elena , Rezabal Elixabete
Published: May 2023

The unconventional bioorthogonal catalytic activation of anticancer metal complexes by flavin and flavoproteins photocatalysis has been reported recently. The reactivity is based on a two‐electron redox reaction of the photoactivated flavin. Furthermore, when it comes to flavoproteins, we recently reported that site mutagenesis can modulate and improve this catalytic activity in the mini Singlet Oxygen Generator protein (SOG). In this paper, we analyze the reductive half‐reaction in different miniSOG environments by means of density functional theory. We report that the redox properties of flavin and the resulting reactivity of miniSOG is modulated by specific mutations, which is in line with the experimental results in the literature. This modulation can be attributed to the fundamental physicochemical properties of the system, specifically (i) the competition of single and double reduction of the flavin and (ii) the probability of electron transfer from the protein to the flavin. These factors are ultimately linked to the stability of flavin‘s electron‐accepting orbitals in different coordination modes.
Students should request accommodations from DS Office rather than faculty
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: May 2023

Faculty customarily decide whether to modify assignment deadlines and participation requirements based on a request from a student confronted with an emergency. However, when they do so in response to a student's request to accommodate a disability, they can put their institution at risk of violating Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. The recent court decision in Brown v. Trinity Washington University illustrates why institutions should adopt and publicize policies that direct students to present requests for disability‐related accommodations to a disability services office rather than to individual faculty, No. 22‐1612 (Dist. D.C. 03/23/2023) (https://bit.ly/41PnJXc).
Service Animals
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2023

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Enam expression is regulated by Msx2
Authors: Ruspita Intan , Das Pragnya , Miyoshi Keiko , Noma Takafumi , Snead Malcolm L. , Bei Marianna
Published: May 2023

Background

The precise formation of mineralized dental tissues such as enamel and/or dentin require tight transcriptional control of the secretion of matrix proteins. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the second most prominent enamel matrix protein, enamelin, and its regulation through the major odontogenic transcription factor, MSX2.

Results

Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we identified that (a) Enam expression is reduced in the Msx2 mouse mutant pre‐secretory and secretory ameloblasts, (b) Enam is an early response gene whose expression is under the control of Msx2, (c) Msx2 binds to Enam promoter in vitro, suggesting that enam is a direct target for Msx2 and that (d) Msx2 alone represses Enam gene expression.

Conclusions

Collectively, these results illustrate that Enam gene expression is controlled by Msx2 in a spatio‐temporal manner. They also suggest that Msx2 may interact with other transcription factors to control spatial and temporal expression of Enam and hence amelogenesis and enamel biomineralization.
Generation and applications of simulated datasets to integrate social network and demographic analyses
Authors: Silk Matthew J. , Gimenez Olivier
Published: May 2023

Social networks are tied to population dynamics; interactions are driven by population density and demographic structure, while social relationships can be key determinants of survival and reproductive success. However, difficulties integrating models used in demography and network analysis have limited research at this interface. We introduce the R package genNetDem for simulating integrated network–demographic datasets. It can be used to create longitudinal social network and/or capture–recapture datasets with known properties. It incorporates the ability to generate populations and their social networks, generate grouping events using these networks, simulate social network effects on individual survival, and flexibly sample these longitudinal datasets of social associations. By generating co‐capture data with known statistical relationships, it provides functionality for methodological research. We demonstrate its use with case studies testing how imputation and sampling design influence the success of adding network traits to conventional Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) models. We show that incorporating social network effects into CJS models generates qualitatively accurate results, but with downward‐biased parameter estimates when network position influences survival. Biases are greater when fewer interactions are sampled or fewer individuals observed in each interaction. While our results indicate the potential of incorporating social effects within demographic models, they show that imputing missing network measures alone is insufficient to accurately estimate social effects on survival, pointing to the importance of incorporating network imputation approaches. genNetDem provides a flexible tool to aid these methodological advancements and help researchers testing other sampling considerations in social network studies.
Short‐term toll‐like receptor 9 inhibition leads to left ventricular wall thinning after myocardial infarction
Authors: Lenz Max , Kiss Attila , Haider Patrick , Salzmann Manuel , Brekalo Mira , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. , Hamza Ouafa , Huber Kurt , Hengstenberg Christian , Podesser Bruno K. , Wojta Johann , Hohensinner Philipp J. , Speidl Walter S.
Published: May 2023

Aims

Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) following myocardial infarction remains a challenging topic in acute cardiac care and consecutively arising heart failure represents a severe long‐term consequence. The extent of neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil‐mediated cellular damage are thought to be aggravating factors enhancing primary tissue injury. Toll‐like receptor 9 was found to be involved in neutrophil activation as well as chemotaxis and may represent a target in modulating IRI, aspects we aimed to illuminate by pharmacological inhibition of the receptor.

Methods and results

Forty‐nine male adult Sprague–Dawley rats were used. IRI was induced by occlusion of the left coronary artery and subsequent snare removal after 30 min. Oligonucleotide (ODN) 2088, a toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) antagonist, control‐ODN, or DNase, were administered at the time of reperfusion and over 24 h via a mini‐osmotic pump. The hearts were harvested 24 h or 4 weeks after left coronary artery occlusion and immunohistochemical staining was performed. Echocardiography was done after 1 and 4 weeks to determine ventricular function. Inhibition of TLR9 by ODN 2088 led to left ventricular wall thinning (P = 0.003) in association with drastically enhanced neutrophil infiltration (P = 0.005) and increased markers of tissue damage. Additionally, an up‐regulation of the chemotactic receptor CXCR2 (P = 0.046) was found after TLR9 inhibition. No such effects were observed in control‐ODN or DNase‐treated animals. We did not observe changes in monocyte content or subset distribution, hinting towards neutrophils as the primary mediators of the exerted tissue injury.

Conclusions

Our data indicate a TLR9‐dependent, negative regulation of neutrophil infiltration. Blockage of TLR9 appears to prevent the down‐regulation of CXCR2, followed by an uncontrolled migration of neutrophils towards the area of infarction and the exertion of disproportional tissue injury resulting in potential aneurysm formation. In comparison with previous studies conducted in TLR−/− mice, we deliberately chose a transient pharmacological inhibition of TLR9 to highlight effects occurring in the first 24 h following IRI.
Numerical Investigation of Conductivity Additive Dispersion in High‐Power and High‐Energy NMC‐Based Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes: Application‐Based Guidelines
Authors: Chauhan Anshuman , Nirschl Hermann
Published: May 2023

Herein, guidelines are provided for the dispersion of conductivity additive in nickel‐manganese‐cobalt‐oxide‐based lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cathodes with respect to its influence on electrochemical performance. The contrasting design strategies and operating conditions applicable to high‐power and high‐energy cathodes lead to significant differences in performance limiting factors for the respective microstructures. Hence, a generalization of the optimum dispersion of the conductivity additive that enhances cell performance in all cases is not possible. In this work, four distinct distributions of conductivity additive agglomerate/aggregate sizes resulting from varying mixing conditions are investigated with respect to their compatibility with cathode microstructures intended for different LIB applications with the help of spatially resolved electrochemical simulations. It is found that in the case of high‐power cathodes, wherein ionic transport is the dominant performance limiting factor, a more significant proportion of agglomerates that are bigger in size leads to improved diffusion and intercalation conditions. Conversely, in the case of high‐energy electrodes wherein the conductivity additive content is minimized, a larger fraction of smaller aggregates, produced by the fragmentation of the agglomerates during the mixing process are essential to ensure sufficient electrical conductivity.
Economic and social impacts of the green energy transition: A pathway towards 100% renewable energy agenda
Authors: Ma Lei
Published: May 2023

Despite the world economy's tremendous growth, significant environmental and sustainability concerns need adequate attention. Ecological, environmental conservation is facilitated by “green production” and the promotion of 100% renewable energy development goals.” The 100% renewable energy development goal is hailed in the developed economies as a fresh set of policy initiatives that, primarily via the use of renewable energy and resource efficiency, seek to achieve social objectives, including socio‐economic impacts and the reduction of economic inequality. This study examines the potential energy transition based on current technology and the green productivity of 40 industrialized nations from 1990 to 2020. In most industrialized nations, green growth is positive, efficiency change is negative and technology advancement is the primary factor behind economic and environmental improvement. Furthermore, our empirical findings show that trade between nations encourages green output in developed nations. The potential energy transition rate across industrialized nations is 5.21% on average. This suggests that, on average, 5.11% of each advanced nation's total energy usage can be changed from dirty to clean energy.
FBXW7 promotes autophagy and inhibits proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Bo , Sun Yang , Nie Wei , Yang Qi , Guo Xiangjun
Published: May 2023

Background

F‐box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) is a critical tumor suppressor. The expression of FBXW7 is decreased in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and shows diagnosis value. We aimed to investigate the influence of FBXW7 overexpression on OSCC cell proliferation and autophagy.

Methods

In Balb/c nude mice, CAL27 xenograft tumor model was established. Western blot was employed to evaluate protein level. Messenger RNA level was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Colony formation assay and MTT assay were employed to evaluate cell proliferation.

Results

FBXW7 expression was decreased in OSCC cell lines. FBXW7 inhibited cell proliferation of SCC9 and CAL27. FBXW7 increased Autophagy related 7 (Atg7), Beclin1 (BECN1), B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) ‐associated X (BAX), BCL2 antagonist killer (BAK), and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) levels and decreased MCL1 and BCL2 levels in CAL27 cells. FBXW7 decreased tumor volume and weight in CAL27 xenograft tumor model. FBXW7 increased BECN1, Atg7, and LC3 levels in CAL27 xenograft tumor model.

Conclusion

In conclusion, decreased expression of FBXW7 is confirmed in diverse OSCC cell lines. The enhanced FBXW7 expression inhibits cancer cell proliferation and promotes autophagy in both OSCC cells and xenograft tumor model.
Relative Effects of Radiation‐Induced Changes in Bone Mass, Structure, and Tissue Material on Vertebral Strength in a Rat Model
Authors: Emerzian Shannon R , Wu Tongge , Vaidya Rachana , Tang Simon Y , Abergel Rebecca J , Keaveny Tony M
Published: May 2023

The observed increased risk of fracture after cancer radiation therapy is presumably due to a radiation‐induced reduction in whole‐bone strength. However, the mechanisms for impaired strength remain unclear, as the increased fracture risk is not fully explained by changes in bone mass. To provide insight, a small animal model was used to determine how much of this whole‐bone weakening effect for the spine is attributable to changes in bone mass, structure, and material properties of the bone tissue and their relative effects. Further, because women have a greater risk of fracture after radiation therapy than men, we investigated if sex had a significant influence on bone's response to irradiation. Fractionated in vivo irradiation (10 × 3 Gy) or sham irradiation (0 Gy) was administered daily to the lumbar spine in twenty‐seven 17‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6–7/sex/group). Twelve weeks after final treatment, animals were euthanized, and lumbar vertebrae (L4and L5) were isolated. Using a combination of biomechanical testing, micro‐CT‐based finite element analysis, and statistical regression analysis, we separated out the effect of mass, structural, and tissue material changes on vertebral strength. Compared with the sham group (mean ± SD strength = 420 ± 88 N), the mean strength of the irradiated group was lower by 28% (117 N/420 N,p < 0.0001). Overall, the response of treatment did not differ with sex. By combining results from both general linear regression and finite element analyses, we calculated that mean changes in bone mass, structure, and material properties of the bone tissue accounted for 56% (66 N/117 N), 20% (23 N/117 N), and 24% (28 N/117 N), respectively, of the overall change in strength. As such, these results provide insight into why an elevated clinical fracture risk for patients undergoing radiation therapy is not well explained by changes in bone mass alone. © 2023 The Authors.Journal of Bone and Mineral Researchpublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Oncogenic role of an uncharacterized cold‐induced zinc finger protein 726 in breast cancer
Authors: Bandyopadhayaya Shreetama , Yadav Pooja , Sharma Ankit , Dey Sanjay Kumar , Nag Alo , Maheshwari Rekha , Ford Bridget M. , Mandal Chandi C.
Published: May 2023

The unobtrusive cold environmental temperature can be linked to the development of cancer. This study, for the first time, envisaged cold stress‐mediated induction of a zinc finger protein 726 (ZNF726) in breast cancer. However, the role of ZNF726 in tumorigenesis has not been defined. This study investigated the putative role of ZNF726 in breast cancer tumorigenic potency. Gene expression analysis using multifactorial cancer databases predicted overexpression of ZNF726 in various cancers, including breast cancer. Experimental observations found that malignant breast tissues and highly aggressive MDA‐MB‐231 cells showed an elevated ZNF726 expression as compared to benign and luminal A type (MCF‐7), respectively. Furthermore, ZNF726 silencing decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and invasion accompanied by the inhibition of colony‐forming ability. Concordantly, ZNF726 overexpression significantly demonstrated opposite outcomes than ZNF726 knockdown. Taken together, our findings propose cold‐inducible ZNF726 as a functional oncogene demonstrating its prominent role in facilitating breast tumorigenesis. An inverse correlation between environmental temperature and total serum cholesterol was observed in the previous study. Furthermore, experimental outcomes illustrate that cold stress elevated cholesterol content hinting at the involvement of the cholesterol regulatory pathway in cold‐induced ZNF726 gene regulation. This observation was bolstered by a positive correlation between the expression of cholesterol‐regulatory genes and ZNF726. Exogenous cholesterol treatment elevated ZNF726 transcript levels while knockdown of ZNF726 decreased the cholesterol content via downregulating various cholesterol regulatory gene expressions (e.g., SREBF1/2, HMGCoR, LDLR). Moreover, an underlying mechanism supporting cold‐driven tumorigenesis is proposed through interdependent regulation of cholesterol regulatory pathway and cold‐inducible ZNF726 expression.
An eco‐friendly synthesis of 5‐aminotetrazoles using trichloroisocyanuric acid as desulfurization agent of thioureas
Authors: Moraes Adriana Marques , da Silva Tiago Lima , de Mattos Marcio C. S.
Published: May 2023

A novel procedure for the preparation of various 5‐aminotetrazoles derivatives was achieved using trichloroisocyanuric acid as a desulfurizing agent of thioureas and trimethylsilyl azide in ethyl acetate at room temperature. This methodology provided substituted 5‐aminotetrazoles through a more sustainable reaction using an affordable, safe, stable, and easily handled N‐halo reagent, a safer azide source, and an environmentally friendly solvent.
Biogenic synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis: Investigating antibacterial activity on the mexAB‐oprM efflux pump genes and cytotoxic effect on MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Azizi Hossein , Akbari Neda , Kheirandish Farnaz , Sepahvand Asghar
Published: May 2023

One of the main characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is remarkable intrinsic antibiotic resistance which is associated with production of β‐lactamases and the expression of inducible efflux pumps. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a novel option for coping with this resistant bacteria. Hence, the aim of present study was production of CuO NPs via Bacillus subtilis and applied them to deal with resistant bacteria. For this purpose, first NPs were synthesized and were analyzed with different standard techniques containing scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction. Microdilution Broth Method and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to antibacterial properties of the CuO NPs and expression of mexAB‐oprM in clinical samples of P. aeruginosa, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of CuO NPs was also evaluated on MCF7 as a breast cancer cell line. Finally, the data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests. The size of CuO NPs was in the range of 17–26 nm and showed antibacterial effect at <1000 μg/mL concentrations. Our evidence noted that the antibacterial effects of the CuO NPs occurred through the downregulation of mexAB‐oprM and upregulation of mexR. The interesting point was that CuO NPs had an inhibitory effect on MCF7 cell lines with the optimal inhibition concentration at IC50 = 25.73 µg/mL. Therefore, CuO NPs can be considered as a promising medical candidate in the pharmaceutical industry.
Corporate social responsibility: Insights from COVID‐19 and stakeholder theory
Authors: Bansal Sanchita , Garg Isha , Singh Shifali
Published: May 2023

The transition from primary sustainable goals to crisis management exemplifies a new era of corporate social responsibility, sustainable business models, corporate sustainability, and stakeholder theory. This study examines the varied dynamics of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) during COVID‐19, as well as its potential and limitations, in order to gain a better understanding of CSR. The results expand upon the instrumental version of CSR and the application of stakeholder theory during COVID‐19. It reflects on the necessity for a wider integration of societal issues in CSR's driving philosophy as well as the underlying need to study diverse sectors of governance across the globe due to the increased potential for exploitation of the weak, particularly during times of crisis. This study examines the theoretical foundations of the themes and the lines of divergence between CSR's past and present by reviewing the social, intellectual, and conceptual structure of the literature. It emphasizes the importance of post‐COVID‐19 policies that prioritize job creation by implementing stronger labor market standards. Governments should eliminate barriers and implement pro‐SME laws and programs. A sustainable fiscal policy takes future generations into account. Sustainable corporate finance incorporates long‐term financial goals and social values into stakeholder theory.
The same parastomal hernia repairs rate in the different approaches to colostomy
Authors: Xiao Jianlin , Shen Yu , Yang Xuyang , Zeng Hanjiang , Wei Mingtian , Meng Wenjian , Wang Ziqiang
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the parastomal hernia repairs rate in the different approaches to colostomy and investigate the risk factors for parastomal hernia formation in patients with permanent colostomies.

Methods

Consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection from June 2014 to July 2020 in West China Hospital were divided into two groups according to their surgical approach for permanent colostomies. The impact of different approaches to colostomy on parastomal hernia repairs was determined by comparing a group of patients receiving an extraperitoneal route to colostomy with a group receiving transperitoneal. Potential variables were evaluated first with univariate and then multivariate analyses to identify the risk factors for the formation of parastomal hernia.

Results

Two hundred two subjects in the transperitoneal group and 103 in the extraperitoneal group attended the follow‐up visit with a median follow‐up period of 33 (25th–75th percentiles, 17–46) months. Clinically and radiologically detectable parastomal hernias were present in 76 of 202 (37.6%) and 14 of 103 (13.6%) subjects in the transperitoneal and extraperitoneal groups during the follow‐up period (p＜0.01). Besides, 10 of 76 (13.1%) subjects in the transperitoneal group and 2 of 14 (14.3%) subjects in the extraperitoneal group underwent a parastomal hernia operation during the follow‐up (p = 0.82). In addition, the transperitoneal approach of colostomy (p = 0.002), older age (p＜0.001), and higher body mass index (p = 0.013) were identified as independent risk factors for the occurrence of parastomal hernia.

Conclusions

Extraperitoneal colostomy decreased the detectable parastomal hernias but did not reduce the surgical repair rate of parastomal hernias.
Evolving Endotracheal Tube Preferences and Practices: Intensivist Knowledge Gaps and Sex Disparities
Authors: De La Chapa Julian S. , Webb Katherine , Stadlin Cameron , Reddy Adithya , Schoeff Stephen F. , Reed Robert , McColl Logan F. , Thiele Robert H. , Daniero James J.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The complex management of intubation‐related laryngeal injury makes prevention vital. The purpose of this study is to assess endotracheal tube (ETT) practices and preferences among intensivists at our institution.

Methods

Chart review of intubated patients and intensivist survey were simultaneously performed in January 2016 and August 2022. A height‐to‐ETT size ratio (H:ETT) was calculated for each patient in the 2022 cohort. Intubated patients were followed until tracheostomy, extubation, or death occurred. Surveys assessed intensivist preferences for ETT size and management of intubated patients.

Results

300 ICU patients were included. The mean ETT size for males decreased from 7.73 ± 0.30 in 2016 to 7.57 ± 0.25 in 2022 (p < 0.001). The average H:ETT of men was higher than females (p = 0.004), indicating that females in this population were intubated with larger ETTs relative to their height compared to males. Whereas the majority (66.7%) of intensivists endorse 7.0 ETTs as the standard for women, the majority (70%) of women at our institution are intubated with a 7.5 ETT or larger. Of intubated patients in the ICU, 23 (19.5%) were intubated for 11 days or longer.

Conclusions

Compared to men, women are intubated with larger‐than‐preferred ETTs relative to height. Additionally, patients in our study were intubated for longer than preferred based on intensivist surveys, putting this population at higher risk for acute laryngeal injury (AlgI)‐related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). Further studies should seek to identify similar trends and barriers to reducing ALgI‐related LTS.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:3080–3086, 2023
Effect of blending cashew oil modified phenolic resin and nitrile rubber on thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of friction materials
Authors: Wang Zhengyun , Ling Junhua , Luan Daochen , Hu Zhihua , Jiang Wenmiao , Zhang Xu , Yin Zhiming , Sun Wei
Published: May 2023

This study aims to investigate the effects of blending cashew nutshell oil modified phenolic resin and nitrile rubber (NBR) on the thermal, mechanical, and tribological performance of brake friction materials. The friction materials, which have a total binder of 25 wt% and different ratios of cashew nutshell oil modified phenolic resin and NBR, were prepared by hot press molding process. The experimental results show that NBR is beneficial to improve the hardness and compression modulus of the brake friction materials. The coefficient of friction (COF) is proportional to the wear rate, when the ratio of cashew nutshell oil modified phenolic resin and NBR is 13:12, the friction material has good heat resistance and exhibits excellent friction stability in the braking process, and the COF is steady between 0.420 and 0.448 at different braking speeds, while the wear resistance of material is optimal. The worn surfaces of the friction materials were examined by scanning electron microscope, and it was determined that the friction film is predominantly secondary plateaus, which can stabilize the COF and reduce the wear rate.
Prescription charge controversies in England
Authors: Dowden Angela
Published: May 2023

While prescribed medicines are free for all in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, patients in England who are not exempt still need to pay prescription charges. But in the current cost‐of‐living crisis, is the present system fair and might it actually represent a false economy for the NHS?
Semaglutide for weight management in adults
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: May 2023

Semaglutide (Wegovy) is a GLP‐1 analogue indicated as an adjunct to diet and physical activity for weight management in adults who are overweight or obese. This article discusses its efficacy, adverse effects and place in therapy.
Photoluminescence from GaN Implanted with Be and F
Authors: Reshchikov Michael Alexander , Andrieiev Oleksandr , Vorobiov Mykhailo , Demchenko Denis O. , McEwen Benjamin , Shahedipour-Sandvik Shadi
Published: May 2023

GaN samples are implanted with Be and F and annealed in different conditions to activate the BeGa acceptors. Photoluminescence spectra are studied to recognize the defects. The UVLBe band with a maximum at 3.38 eV and the YLBe band with a maximum at 2.15 eV are observed and associated with Be. The sequential implantation of Be and F ions into GaN at 600 °C reduces the concentration of nitrogen vacancies (VN), as evidenced by the lack of the green luminescence band associated with the isolated nitrogen vacancy. First‐principles calculations are employed to find parameters of defects that can form after implantation.
Ultrasound‐controlled transthoracic true‐cut needle biopsy in pulmonary nodular amyloidosis
Authors: Mihalova Teodora Z. , Ivanova Silviya S. , Mekov Evgeni V. , Yamakova Yordanka Т. , Petkov Rosen E.
Published: May 2023

The current case report presents a 59‐year‐old man with imaging studies of the thorax showing nodular lesions in the lungs bilaterally. Based on radiographic and CT images, preliminary diagnoses for possible granulomatosis (tuberculosis) or pulmonary metastatic dissemination of a neoplastic process were made. An ultrasound‐controlled transthoracic true‐cut needle biopsy of a subpleural lesion was performed. Special staining with Congo red and examination with a polarizing light microscope for detection of amyloid confirmed the diagnosis of ‘pulmonary nodular amyloidosis’ by visualizing green birefringence.
Synthesis and Antiviral Efficacy of Pyrimidine Analogs Targeting Viral Pathways
Authors: Jeelan Basha N. , Chandana T. L.
Published: May 2023

To date, viruses are known to cause chronic to acute pathogenesis. Nevertheless, antiviral drugs have been known for their medicinal applications for the last few decades to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Despite advancements in the field of vaccination and antiviral drugs, there is a need for a molecule that can eradicate or control viral infection without getting resistance from pathogens will be a real challenge. This review covers possible ways to treat viral infections with pyrimidine and its mimics compared to known antiviral drugs. A comprehensive study of the report accomplished synthetic routes of pyrimidine analogs and their target‐specific antiviral potential. The present review article covers literature from 2018 to 2022.
Rational Design of Nanomedicine for Placental Disorders: Birthing a New Era in Women's Reproductive Health
Authors: Geisler Hannah C. , Safford Hannah C. , Mitchell Michael J.
Published: May 2023

The placenta is a transient organ that forms during pregnancy and acts as a biological barrier, mediating exchange between maternal and fetal circulation. Placental disorders, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placenta accreta spectrum, and gestational trophoblastic disease, originate in dysfunctional placental development during pregnancy and can lead to severe complications for both the mother and fetus. Unfortunately, treatment options for these disorders are severely lacking. Challenges in designing therapeutics for use during pregnancy involve selectively delivering payloads to the placenta while protecting the fetus from potential toxic side effects. Nanomedicine holds great promise in overcoming these barriers; the versatile and modular nature of nanocarriers, including prolonged circulation times, intracellular delivery, and organ‐specific targeting, can control how therapeutics interact with the placenta. In this review, nanomedicine strategies are discussed to treat and diagnose placental disorders with an emphasis on understanding the unique pathophysiology behind each of these diseases. Finally, prior study of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these placental disorders has revealed novel disease targets. These targets are highlighted here to motivate the rational design of precision nanocarriers to improve therapeutic options for placental disorders.
A Molecularly Engineered Cathode Lithium Compensation Agent for High Energy Density Batteries
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Aoxuan , Zhan Qiushe , Hu Zhenglin , Tang Wenjing , Zhang Lan , Luo Jiayan
Published: May 2023

Prelithiating cathode is considered as one of the most promising lithium compensation strategies for practical high energy density batteries. Whereas most of reported cathode lithium compensation agents are deficient owing to their poor air‐stability, residual insulating solid, or formidable Li‐extracting barrier. Here, this work proposes molecularly engineered 4‐Fluoro‐1,2‐dihydroxybenzene Li salt (LiDF) with high specific capacity (382.7 mAh g−1) and appropriate delithiation potential (3.6–4.2 V) as an air‐stable cathode Li compensation agent. More importantly, the charged residue 4‐Fluoro‐1,2‐benzoquinone (BQF) can synergistically work as an electrode/electrolyte interface forming additive to build uniform and robust LiF‐riched cathode/anode electrolyte interfaces (CEI/SEI). Consequently, less Li loss and retrained electrolyte decomposition are achieved. With 2 wt% 4‐Fluoro‐1,2‐dihydroxybenzene Li salt initially blended within the cathode, 1.3 Ah pouch cells with NCM (Ni92) cathode and SiO/C (550 mAh g−1) anode can keep 91% capacity retention after 350 cycles at 1 C rate. Moreover, the anode free of NCM622+LiDF||Cu cell achieves 78% capacity retention after 100 cycles with the addition of 15 wt% LiDF. This work provides a feasible sight for the rational designing Li compensation agent at molecular level to realize high energy density batteries.