bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetics of neuroendocrine tumours, hereditary tumour syndromes
Authors: Igaz Péter
Published: September 2013

Neuroendocrine tumours occur in some hereditary tumour syndromes, and the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these are also important in their sporadic counterparts which representing the majority of neuroendocrine tumours. These syndromes include multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis. All these follow an autosomal dominant inheritance. The primarily affected molecular pathways are Ras-MAPK signalling, hypoxia induced factor 1α, and mTOR signalling that are also involved in sporadic tumours and may even represent potential molecular targets of therapy. In this review, the major characteristics of hereditary tumour syndromes, their molecular genetics and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in sporadic tumours are discussed. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1541–1548.
New considerations in the surgical treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Farkas Gyula
Published: September 2013

Except insulinomas, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are malignant in more than 50% of cases. Treatment of these tumours should be directed against the tumours and the excess of hormones produced by the tumours. Surgical treatment may reduce the mortality and morbidity of patients and, in case of localized lesions, may result in a definitive cure. The aim of this review is to summarize novel developments in the surgical treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, including those related to metastatic diseases and MEN1 syndrome. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1565–1568.
Diagnosis and treatment options of neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Uhlyarik Andrea , Pápai Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2013

Neuroendocrine neoplasms belong to the group of rare tumours. Their clinical importance may be highlighted by their high prevalence despite low incidence. Since survival rate is similar to other progressive neoplastic diseases in metastatic cases, early recognition and appropriate therapy of these neoplasms are equally important. Classification of neuroendocrine tumours is based on their pathologic characteristics according to the 2010 WHO recommendation. Non-functioning tumours cause local symptoms due to their mass effect, while functioning tumours produce well-defined endocrine syndromes. Among laboratory tests, serum chromogranin-A is considered the most important biomarker of both non-functioning and functioning neuroendocrine tumours. Localization of these tumours includes the use of conventional diagnostic imaging, endoscopic examinations, and functional imaging studies. With respect to treatment, elimination of the primary tumour remains one of the most important issues. In advanced cases of the disease metastasectomy, interventional radiologic methods, medical treatment and endoradiotherapy can be used. The aim of this review is to summarize briefly the symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment options of neuroendocrine tumours. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1549–1555.
Medical treatment of neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Tóth Miklós
Published: September 2013

The author aims to review the established medical treatment options of neuroendocrine tumours, which have expanded greatly in recent years and present the most important aspects to be considered in planning patients’ management. Medical treatment is usually considered in advanced stages of these tumours, as well as in cases of hormone overproduction. Somatostatin analogues have been known to be effective in alleviating hormone excess syndromes, especially carcinoid syndrome for the past 25 years. There is a convincing evidence that the somatostatin analogue octreotide is useful as an antitumor agent, at least in well-differentiated small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours and probably also in those of pancreatic origin. Interferons may be also used and the indications for their use may be almost the same. Optimal patient selection is mandatory for the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Streptozotocin- and, recently, temozolomide-based chemotherapies should be considered in progressive phases of well differentiated (G1/G2) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. A cisplatin-etoposide combination is the first choice for the treatment of G3 neuroendocrine carcinomas of any origin. Recently, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus and the combined tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib were registered for the treatment of G1/G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. The most recent drug treatment recommendations and therapeutic algorithms to improve systemic therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours are summarized and novel drug candidates with particular potential for future management of these tumours are outlined. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1556–1564.
Medical treatment of acromegaly
Authors: Góth Miklós
Published: September 2013

Prolonged overproduction of growth hormone, like insulin-like growth factor-1 hypersecretion leads to acromegaly in adults. This is associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality. Despite typical clinical features and modern diagnostic tools, it often takes years to diagnose from the onset of the disease. The aims of the treatment are to reduce or control tumour growth, inhibit growth hormone hypersecretion, normalize insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, treat co-morbidities and, therefore, reduce mortality. There are three approaches for therapy: surgery, medical management (dopamine agonists, somatostatin analogues and growth hormone receptor antagonist), and radiotherapy. Efficient therapy of the disease is based on the appropriate multidisciplinary team management. The review provides a summary of medical treatment for acromegaly. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1527–1534.
Somatostatin and gastrointestinal tract. Clinical experiences
Authors: Herszényi László , Mihály Emese , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: September 2013

The effect of somatostatin on the gastrointestinal tract is complex; it inhibits the release of gastrointestinal hormones, the exocrine function of the stomach, pancreas and bile, decreases motility and influences absorption as well. Based on these diverse effects there was an increased expectation towards the success of somatostatin therapy in various gastrointestinal disorders. The preconditions for somatostatin treatment was created by the development of long acting somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide). During the last twenty-five years large trials clarified the role of somatostatin analogues in the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases. This study summarizes shortly these results. Somatostatin analogue treatment could be effective in various pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, however, this therapeutic modality became a part of the clinical routine only in neuroendocrine tumours and adjuvant treatment of oesophageal variceal bleeding and pancreatic fistulas. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1535–1540.
La intervención del Estado, la desigualdad y el deseo en la invención de los espacios escolares rurales en tres regiones de México en el periodo posrevolucionario
Authors: López Oresta , Ramos Norma , Espinosa Armando Rene
Published: September 2013

En este ensayo exponemos tres miradas al mundo escolar rural en tres regiones del centro y norte de México, durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Nos interesa explorar aspectos importantes de los contextos que llevan a acciones del estado a intervenir en las construcciones y equipamientos de las escuelas rurales en tres regiones: el Valle del Mezquital en Hidalgo, Nuevo León y San Luis Potosí. Situamos nuestras investigaciones en el periodo posterior a la revolución mexicana, nos interesa hacer una primera aproximación a las transformaciones en los espacios escolares, tanto las instalaciones y edificios, como los muebles y conceptos que construyen la nueva coreografía y relaciones escuela-comunidad en pueblos rurales e indígenas.
Das mãos para as mentes: protocolos de civilidade em um jornal escolar/SC (1945-1952)
Authors: Cunha Maria Teresa Santos
Published: September 2013

Pétalas Infantil era um jornal escolar redigido manualmente por meninas de 7 a 10 anos do então curso primário de um colégio religioso feminino em Florianópolis/Santa Catarina (SC) - Colégio Coração de Jesus - no período compreendido entre 1946 a 1952. Nessa publicação que circulava mensalmente entre elas próprias e suas famílias, as alunas davam notícias sobre o cotidiano escolar, possivelmente com aval do próprio Colégio. De posse desse material (66 exemplares do jornal) considerado ordinário, o estudo centrou sua atenção nos artigos, comentários e sugestões de leitura que expressavam protocolos de civilidade através de mensagens de orientação e regras de conduta pessoal, escolar e cívica que caracterizavam uma cultura escolar do período. Procura-se destacar, pelas lentes da História da Educação e da Cultura Escrita, a importância desse material manuscrito, analisando-o como um dos integrantes da cultura material escolar e, como tal, um documento que permitirá apreender indícios de saberes e práticas escolares vigentes no período e que evidenciam tanto aspectos do funcionamento interno da própria instituição escolar quanto os propósitos civilizatórios que divulgavam pelas vias do escrito.
Evolução dos processos de aprendizagem e das competências tecnológicas das áreas de gestão de projeto, operações e manutenção do metrô de São Paulo de 1968 a 2010
Authors: Silva Ricardo Cesso da , Stal Eva
Published: September 2013

O artigo examina os processos de aprendizagem na acumulação de competências tecnológicas no Metrô SP, desde sua fundação, em 1968, até 2010. Para tal, utilizou-se um modelo teórico (FIGUEIREDO, 2003) adaptado às especificidades da empresa em questão, que divide o aprendizado em etapas de capacitação perceptíveis e sequenciais. Houve duas fases distintas na história da empresa: entre 1968 e 1974, ocorreu o processo de transferência de tecnologia, com intensa aprendizagem, resultando na acumulação de competências rotineiras; entre 1975 e 2010, seguiu-se a acumulação de competências inovadoras. Foi empregado o método do estudo de caso, que incluiu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e entrevistas com quatro gestores. Os resultados mostram a adequação do modelo utilizado para a mensuração dos diferentes níveis de capacitação tecnológica.
Crescimento e qualidade de mudas de pinhão-manso produzidas em ambiente protegido
Authors: Paulino Janaina , Folegatti Marcos V. , Flumignan Danilton L. , Zolin Cornélio A. , Barboza Júnior Cícero R. A. , Piedade Sônia M. de S.
Published: September 2013

Devido ao recente Programa de Produção de Biocombustíveis do Brasil, o interesse comercial tem crescido em relação à produção de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.). Informações sobre esta cultura ainda são escassas, o que remete a necessidade de mais pesquisas que possam estabelecer condições de adaptabilidade desta cultura em diferentes condições. Neste contexto, realizou-se um experimento para estudar o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de pinhão-manso, produzidas em ambiente protegido; as mudas foram monitoradas até o momento de serem transplantadas para o campo. Foi analisada a influência dos tipos e volumes de recipientes, juntamente com diferentes substratos e formas de adubação; o consumo de água também foi analisado durante o experimento. De acordo com os resultados, as melhores taxas de crescimento e qualidade de mudas até a condição de transplantio, foram obtidas com a combinação do substrato comercial, maior tubete e adubo de liberação lenta.
Modelagem da precipitação pluvial diária intra-anual da Bacia Hidrográfica Paraná III associada aos eventos ENOS
Authors: Baú Antonio L. , Azevedo Carlos A. V. de , Bresolin Adriano de A.
Published: September 2013

A região oeste do estado do Paraná, que abrange a Bacia Hidrográfica Paraná III, possui um sistema agrícola ainda muito dependente das condições climáticas. Diante disto, os aspectos que envolvem a construção de modelos probabilísticos, capazes de determinar parâmetros de ocorrência e quantificação da precipitação pluvial diária, têm-se destacado como fator necessário e fundamental para consecução dos projetos regionais, em todas as áreas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a construção dos referidos modelos considerando-se a ocorrência dos fenômenos ENOS e se utilizando, para tal, os dados de 34 estações meteorológicas com séries superiores a 21 anos de registros diários, obtidos junto à Agência Nacional de Água. A modelagem da ocorrência da precipitação diária foi tratada por meio dos processos de Markov enquanto a modelagem da quantidade precipitada foi feita por meio do ajuste à função gama de probabilidade. Para a validação do ajuste utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e a partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível constatar que a metodologia desenvolvida pode ser aplicada para a simulação de séries sintéticas de precipitação pluvial diária para a área de estudo.
Growth analysis and yield of tomato crop under different irrigation depths
Authors: Monte José A. , Carvalho Daniel F. de , Medici Leonardo O. , Silva Leonardo D. B. da , Pimentel Carlos
Published: September 2013

The influence of irrigation depth was evaluated on tomato crop hybrid Debora plus for salad in a field experiment in split-block design with five treatments (irrigation depth of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and four replications. During the experiment, ten plant samples were collected to determine phytomass and leaf area to estimate plant growth parameters for different depths of irrigation. Results showed maximal growth between 70 and 80 days after transplanting in all treatments. Increase in irrigation depth above 80% of ETc increased crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI) and total production of tomato fruits, although same commercial fruit yield was obtained with the lower depths. Therefore, an increase in depth of irrigation above 80% of ETc promotes higher water and energy consumption, without providing an increase in commercial yield of tomato fruits.
Estimativa da resistência do solo à penetração baseada no índice S e no estresse efetivo
Authors: Andrade Rui da S. , Stone Luís F. , Godoy Sinnara G. de
Published: September 2013

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, verificar se a equação proposta por Dexter et al. (2007) para cálculo da resistência do solo à penetração com base na recíproca do índice S e no estresse efetivo, é aplicável aos solos do cerrado. Para tanto, correlações foram estabelecidas entre os valores calculados e os atributos do solo e comparados com valores críticos estabelecidos na literatura e dados de campo. O estudo foi realizado com 2242 amostras de solo do cerrado, das quais constavam informações sobre classificação textural, densidade do solo e retenção da água do solo. Verificou-se que valores de resistência do solo à penetração iguais ou maiores que 1900 kPa, determinados no conteúdo de água do solo equivalente à capacidade de campo, podem ser considerados indicadores de solos compactados e que a equação proposta por Dexter et al. (2007) para estimativa da resistência do solo à penetração é adequada aos solos do cerrado, embora deva ser mais testada para determinar seu poder de predição.
Desempenho agronômico de algodão orgânico e oleaginosas consorciados com palma forrageira
Authors: Silva Gildivan dos S. , Oliveira Rodolfo A. de , Queiroz Nicholas L. , Silva Melchior N. B. da , Sousa Manoel F. de , Silva Sherly A. da
Published: September 2013

Neste trabalho o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de algodão orgânico e oleaginosas consorciados com a palma forrageira no semiárido paraibano. No ano agrícola de 2009 foram conduzidos dois experimentos, em duas áreas: (I) na Fazenda Vila Maria Rita, situada no município de Taperoá, no cariri paraibano (II) no Assentamento Queimadas localizado em Remígio, no Curimataú paraibano enquanto os tratamentos, divididos em cultivo solteiro e consorciado, foram: algodão + gergelim + palma forrageira; algodão + amendoim + palma forrageira; algodão + palma forrageira; algodão solteiro; gergelim solteiro; girassol solteiro; amendoim solteiro e palma forrageira solteira. As variáveis analisadas foram: características tecnológicas de fibras, produtividade (grãos/caroço), rendimento em óleo, rendimento em fibra, renda bruta e uso eficiente da terra (UET) parcial e total. Para o rendimento em fibra o consórcio algodão + palma forrageira proporcionou o melhor resultado (311,14 kg ha-1) enquanto o amendoim solteiro apresentou maior rendimento em grãos (967,00 kg ha-1) e em óleo (428,02 kg ha-1). O consórcio algodão + gergelim + palma forrageira pode ser uma alternativa eficiente na agricultura familiar uma vez que apresentou resultados positivos em termos de renda bruta e UET total.
Do pensamento abissal à ecologia de saberes na escola: reflexões sobre uma experiência de colaboração
Authors: Urzêda-Freitas Marco Túlio de
Published: September 2013

Neste trabalho, compartilho algumas reflexões a respeito da minha experiência de colaboração com uma professora de inglês da rede estadual de ensino em Goiânia-GO. A pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar os aspectos e desafios que permeiam a colaboração entre pesquisadores e professores. Para fundamentar as reflexões, busco respaldo em teorias que exploram: os aspectos e desafios da educação regular pública no Brasil; as condições de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, em especial, inglês, em escolas públicas; as políticas da formação de professores de línguas estrangeiras; a relação entre pesquisa/reflexão colaborativa e formação de professores; e, por fim, a disparidade que separa a universidade e a escola na produção de conhecimentos pedagógicos. O estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa colaborativa e emancipatória, uma vez que encoraja a produção colaborativa de saberes entre um pesquisador e uma professora. Por meio de um questionário, três sessões reflexivas e um diário de campo, foram selecionados dois aspectos principais para serem analisados: os entraves iniciais da colaboração entre os participantes e as reflexões que os participantes produziram na e por meio da ação colaborativa. A análise desses aspectos mostrou que a pesquisa colaborativa pode reduzir as linhas abissais que separam pesquisadores, enquanto articuladores da teoria, e professores em sua prática, abrindo espaço para uma ecologia de saberes na escola.
Linking secondary structure of individual size distribution with nonlinear size–trophic level relationship in food webs
Authors: Chang Chun-Wei , Miki Takeshi , Shiah Fuh-Kwo , Kao Shuh-ji , Wu Jiunn-Tzong , Sastri Akash R. , Hsieh Chih-hao
Published: September 2013

Existing individual size distribution (ISD) theories assume that the trophic level (TL) of an organism varies as a linear function of its log‐transformed body size. This assumption predicts a power‐law distribution of the ISD, i.e., a linear relationship between size and abundance in log space. However, the secondary structure of ISD (nonlinear dome shape structures deviating from a power‐law distribution) is often observed. We propose a model that extends the metabolic theory to link the secondary structure of ISD to the nonlinear size–TL relationship. This model is tested with empirical data collected from a subtropical reservoir. The empirical ISD and size–TL relationships were constructed by FlowCAM imaging analysis and stable isotope analyses, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the secondary structure of ISD can be predicted from the nonlinear function of size–TL relationship and vice versa. Moreover, these secondary structures arise due to (1) zooplankton omnivory and (2) the trophic interactions within microbial food webs.
QTL Analysis of Shoot Ureide and Nitrogen Concentrations in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Hwang Sadal , King C. Andy , Davies Marilynn K. , Ray Jeffery D. , Cregan Perry B. , Purcell Larry C.
Published: September 2013

Nitrogen (N) fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is more sensitive to drought than photosynthesis, and high concentrations of shoot ureide and N are associated with sensitivity of N2 fixation to drought. Genotypic differences in ureide and N concentration were evaluated using a mapping population of 97 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ‘KS4895’ and ‘Jackson’. For three irrigated environments, broad‐sense heritability for ureide and N concentration was 0.73 and 0.59, respectively. Under irrigated conditions, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ureide concentration were identified using composite interval mapping (CIM). Multiple interval mapping (MIM) identified two QTLs with locations similar to those identified with CIM. Four QTLs for N concentration were detected using CIM, and one QTL was identified with MIM with a similar position as that identified with CIM. A QTL on Gm13 for shoot ureide and N appeared to be pleiotropic. In the drought environment, two QTLs were identified using CIM for both shoot ureide and N; a QTL for ureide concentration on Gm19 mapped to the same position as a ureide QTL under irrigated conditions, but the additive effect was opposite in sign. A search for metabolic genes in QTL regions predicted for the pleiotropic effect of N and ureide (Gm13, carbonic anhydrase) and for ureide (Gm19, inosine–uridine nucleoside hydrolase). These QTLs may be useful in selecting lines drought tolerant for N2 fixation.
Influence of bracket-slot design on the forces released by superelastic nickel-titanium alignment wires in different deflection configurations
Authors: Nucera Riccardo , Gatto Elda , Borsellino Chiara , Aceto Pasquale , Fabiano Francesca , Matarese Giovanni , Perillo Letizia , Cordasco Giancarlo
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To evaluate how different bracket-slot design characteristics affect the forces released by superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) alignment wires at different amounts of wire deflection.

Materials and Methods:

A three-bracket bending and a classic-three point bending testing apparatus were used to investigate the load-deflection properties of one superelastic 0.014-inch NiTi alignment wire in different experimental conditions. The selected NiTi archwire was tested in association with three bracket systems: (1) conventional twin brackets with a 0.018-inch slot, (2) a self-ligating bracket with a 0.018-inch slot, and (3) a self-ligating bracket with a 0.022-inch slot. Wire specimens were deflected at 2 mm and 4 mm.

Results:

Use of a 0.018-inch slot bracket system, in comparison with use of a 0.022-inch system, increases the force exerted by the superelastic NiTi wires at a 2-mm deflection. Use of a self-ligating bracket system increases the force released by NiTi wires in comparison with the conventional ligated bracket system. NiTi wires deflected to a different maximum deflection (2 mm and 4 mm) release different forces at the same unloading data point (1.5 mm).

Conclusion:

Bracket design, type of experimental test, and amount of wire deflection significantly affected the amount of forces released by superelastic NiTi wires (P < .05). This phenomenon offers clinicians the possibility to manipulate the wire's load during alignment.
Effect of delayed exposure of cattle to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis on the development of subclinical and clinical Johne's disease
Authors: Espejo Luis A. , Kubat Noel , Godden Sandra M. , Wells Scott J.
Published: September 2013

Objective—To evaluate the effect of delayed exposure of dairy cattle to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) on the incidence of those cows testing positive for MAP and developing clinical Johne's disease (CJD).

Animals—79 cows not exposed to MAP as calves (unexposed cohort) and 260 cows exposed to MAP as calves (exposed cohort).

Procedures—Cows in the unexposed cohort were born into 5 MAP-uninfected herds and introduced at various ages into 5 MAP-infected herds where the exposed cohort cows were born and raised. Beginning when each cow was 24 months old, fecal and serum samples were collected annually from 2003 through 2006. Feces were cultured for MAP, and an ELISA was used to analyze serum samples for antibodies against MAP. Date and reason for culling were obtained from herd records. Incidence of positive culture and ELISA results and CJD was compared between unexposed and exposed cohort cows with Cox regression.

Results—Compared with exposed cohort cows, the hazard ratios for unexposed cohort cows having positive culture results, having positive ELISA results, and developing CJD were 0.12, 0.03, and 0.001, respectively, and those ratios increased by 2%, 6%, and 17%, respectively, for each month spent in an MAP-infected herd.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Delayed exposure of cows to MAP resulted in lower incidences of positive culture and ELISA results and CJD in those cows, compared with incidences of cows exposed to MAP since birth. The hazard of testing positive for MAP or developing CJD increased with time, regardless of cohort.
How a Disaster Preparedness Rotation Helps Teach the Seven NAVMEC Professional Competencies: The Texas A&M University Experience
Authors: Bissett Wesley T. , Zoran Debra L. , Clendenin Angela , Espitia Noberto F. , Moyer William , Rogers Kenita S.
Published: September 2013

Changing societal expectations provide new challenges and opportunities for the veterinary medical profession. These changing expectations and approaches to the education of veterinary students in the future are reflected in the North American Veterinary Medical Education Consortium's report “Roadmap for Veterinary Medical Education in the 21st Century: Responsive, Collaborative, Flexible.” They are also reflected in the expectations of the populace, who no longer find it acceptable that animals are not included in both planning for and responding to natural or manmade disasters. In response to the changing needs of society and the veterinary profession, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine has developed a required rotation in the fourth-year curriculum on emergency planning and response. The unique requirements of emergency preparedness and response and the design of the rotation provide an ideal platform for providing this valued public service while simultaneously addressing the seven professional competencies outlined in the NAVMEC roadmap. This article describes an overview of the rotation and its content and identifies opportunities for students to practice these important professional competencies using the tools introduced in this new rotation.
Benefits and Limitations of an Employer-Led, Structured Logbook to Promote Self-Directed Learning in the Clinical Workplace
Authors: Dale Vicki H. M. , Pierce Stephanie E. , May Stephen A.
Published: September 2013

A structured logbook, consisting of a competency log and a learning contract, was designed and implemented as part of a two-week structured work placement for final-year veterinary students to help them become more self-directed in the workplace. The competency log encompassed 48 core skills and, along with the learning contract, was reviewed at the start and end of the placement. To assess their perceptions of the logbook in promoting self-directed learning, students and supervisors were asked to complete a questionnaire pre- and post-placement and to participate in focus groups (students) and interviews (supervisors) after the placement. The study found significant increases pre- to post-placement in students' perceived levels of competence in all 48 skills and their confidence in being self-directed. However, student attitudes toward the logbook significantly decreased in terms of it encouraging supervisors to take a clearly designed role in structuring learning and facilitating alignment of employer and student expectations. Although supervisors were generally positive about the logbook, some had not been able to review it with their students, which affected students' perceptions of the logbook's usefulness. Some supervisors felt they had not received enough training, and most, erroneously, believed the logbook to be an external research initiative rather than having been designed by the head of their own organization. This study demonstrated that a structured logbook may be useful in helping students become more self-directed; however, supervisor support for the logbook is critical. To facilitate this, supervisors require training and support from senior management.
Theoretical Foundations and Mathematical Formalism of the Power-Law Tailed Statistical Distributions
Authors: Kaniadakis Giorgio
Published: September 2013

We present the main features of the mathematical theory generated by the κ-deformed exponential function exp k (x) = ( 1 + k 2 x 2 + kx) 1 k , with 0 ≤ κ < 1, developed in the last twelve years, which turns out to be a continuous one parameter deformation of the ordinary mathematics generated by the Euler exponential function. The κ-mathematics has its roots in special relativity and furnishes the theoretical foundations of the κ-statistical mechanics predicting power law tailed statistical distributions, which have been observed experimentally in many physical, natural and artificial systems. After introducing the κ-algebra, we present the associated κ-differential and κ-integral calculus. Then, we obtain the corresponding κ-exponential and κ-logarithm functions and give the κ-version of the main functions of the ordinary mathematics.
Pervasive Anxiety about Islam: A Critical Reading of Contemporary ‘Clash’ Literature
Authors: Sharify-Funk Meena
Published: September 2013

This article analyzes and critiques North American and European “clash literature”—a genre of post-9/11 writings that popularize elements of Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis, with particular reference to putative threats posed to Western civilization by Islam and Muslims. Attention is given to a series of salient themes used by multiple texts and authors, in a manner that creates an overarching narrative of Western moral superiority vis-à-vis a monolithic, authoritarian, and misogynistic Islamic culture; betrayal of Western culture by “politically correct” intellectual elites wedded to ideas of multicultural accommodation; and a cascading threat posed by the rapid influx of unassimilable Muslim immigrants who are poised to mount a demographic takeover of Europe and possibly America as well. The content of clash texts is then analyzed and evaluated in light of its detachment from relevant scholarship, its reliance on highly essentialized identity constructs, its use of demographic extrapolations and alarming anecdotes, and its stark rejection of contemporary pluralism. The article concludes with reflections on how scholars might respond to the identity insecurities revealed by clash literature as they seek to advance alternative narratives based on values of dialogue and coexistence.
Cooperation among Wirelessly Connected Static and Mobile Sensor Nodes for Surveillance Applications
Authors: De Freitas Edison , Heimfarth Tales , Vinel Alexey , Wagner Flávio , Pereira Carlos , Larsson Tony
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a bio-inspired networking strategy to support the cooperation between static sensors on the ground and mobile sensors in the air to perform surveillance missions in large areas. The goal of the proposal is to provide low overhead in the communication among sensor nodes, while allocating the mobile sensors to perform sensing activities requested by the static ones. Simulations have shown that the strategy is efficient in maintaining low overhead and achieving the desired coordination.
Emergence as Mesoscopic Coherence
Authors: Minati Gianfranco , Licata Ignazio
Published: September 2013

We propose here a formal approach to study collective behaviors intended as coherent sequences of spatial configurations, adopted by agents through various corresponding structures over time. Multiple, simultaneous structures over time and their sequences are called Meta-Structures and establish sequences of spatial configurations considered as emergent on the basis of coherent criteria chosen and detected by an observer. This coherence is represented by patterns of values of the proper mesoscopic variables adopted, i.e., meta-structural properties. We introduce a formal tool, i.e., the family of mesoscopic general vectors, defined by the observer, able to detect coherent behaviors like ergodic or quasi-ergodic ones. Such approach aims to provide a general framework to study intrinsically stochastic processes where the “universal evolution laws” fail. However, at the same, the system is structured enough to show significant clusters of collective behaviors “invisible to” simple statistics.
Dispositifs publics et investissements des pères : une comparaison franco-britannique
Authors: Gregory Abigaïl , Milner Susan
Published: September 2013

Public policy and the involvement of fathers. An Anglo-French comparison.

In a context of profound socio-economic changes, the construction of new forms of fatherhood is on the agenda in France and in Great Britain. The authors examine public policy on fathers and data for the family practices of fathers in both countries. A similarity is observed between the two countries in the recent development of policies to encourage greater involvement by fathers in children's lives, but large differences in « fatherhood regimes » remain. In both countries, however, fundamental similarities are observed in parenting practices, with in particular a discrepancy between fatherhood regimes and the fathering practices actually observed.
Diazoxide, a KATP Channel Opener, Prevents Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rodent Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Shusen , Harvat Tricia , Kinzer Katie , Zhang Lisa , Feng Feng , Qi Meirigeng , Oberholzer Jose
Published: September 2013

Diazoxide (DZ) is a pharmacological opener of ATP-sensitive K+ channels that has been used for mimicking ischemic preconditioning and shows protection against ischemic damage. Here we investigated whether diazoxide supplementation to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has cellular protection during islet isolation and improves in vivo islet transplant outcomes in a rodent ischemia model. C57/B6 mice pancreata were flushed with UW or UW + DZ solution and cold preserved for 6 or 10 h prior to islet isolation. Islet yield, in vitro and in vivo function, mitochondrial morphology, and apoptosis were evaluated. Significantly higher islet yields were observed in the UW + DZ group than in the UW group (237.5 ± 25.6 vs. 108.7 ± 49.3, p < 0.01). The islets from the UW + DZ group displayed a significantly higher glucose-induced insulin secretion (0.97 ng/ml ± 0.15 vs. 0.758 ng/ml ± 0.21, p = 0.009) and insulin content (60.96 ng/islet ± 13.94 vs. 42.09 ng/islet ± 8.15, p = 0.002). The DZ-treated islets had well-preserved mitochondrial morphology with superior responses of mitochondrial potentials, and calcium influx responded to glucose. A higher number of living cells and less late apoptotic cells were observed in the UW + DZ group ( p < 0.05). Additionally, the islets from the UW + DZ group had a significantly higher cure rate and improved glucose tolerance. This study is the first to report mitoprotective effects of DZ for pancreas preservation and islet isolation. In the future, it will be necessary to further understand the underlying mechanism for the mitoprotection and to test this promising approach for pancreas preservation and the islet isolation process in nonhuman primates and ultimately humans.
Digitized Decision-Making System Research for Warehouse Planning Using Navigation Patterns Based on Visual LISP
Authors: Yao Hui , Fang Yadong , Cao Yan
Published: September 2013

To solve the problem of decision making for the planning and construction of warehouse area, a digitized decision-making system is developed based on AutoCAD with the development tools of Visual LISP in the paper. Using navigation patterns, a user is guided to accomplish the analysis, estimates, and the calculation of construction costs for various types of facilities planning and layout in warehouse area. The modular design method is utilized to build the system function model. The system includes analysis and estimates module, statistics and construction cost module and system management module. With the interface program between the system management module and the SQL Server database, the functional models are connected with the database dynamically. The man-machine interface established with Dialog Control Language is easy to use and accords with industry habits. All engineering parameters from national standards and industry standards are reliable and digitalized to establish parameter databases. The interface between AutoCAD software and the parameter databases is developed to call the data in the parameter databases from AutoCAD. Consequently, the efficiency and quality of warehouse planning can be improved. The system can also be extended to form a complete and standard digitized decision-making CAD system and improve the scientific rationality of the planning decisions for warehouse area.
Investigation on Fe-Sn-O Catalyst Activity for the Growth of Carbon Nanocoils
Authors: Fu Xin , Li Da Wei , Pan Lu Jun
Published: September 2013

We have investigated the relationship between the catalyst and the growth of CNCs. It is found that with the increase of deposition time the yield of CNCs gradually increased, while their growth rate decreased exponentially. The short reaction time would lead to the growth of CNCs with smaller coil diameters, however, CNCs with larger coil diameters are increased gradually after a long-time reaction. The Fe-Sn-O catalyst particles are not uniform in sizes. It is considered that CNCs with smaller/larger coil diameters can be synthesized from the smaller/larger catalyst particles. A further fitting of the growth curve indicates that the as-prepared catalyst particles have different activities. It can be inferred that catalyst particles with different sizes have different catalytic activities. The smaller catalyst particles have a higher activity but a shorter lifetime, and the coil diameter of CNCs synthetized from it is smaller.
Manufacturing Accuracy when Drilling Holes in Stainless Austenitic Steels DIN 1.4301
Authors: Jurko Jozef
Published: September 2013

This article presents the results of experiments that concerned on the surface accuracy by drilling of a Stainless steels 1.4301. This article presents conclusions of machinability tests on a Stainless steels 1.4301. The results of cutting zone evaluation under cutting conditions (cutting speed in interval vc=50-100 m/min, depth of cut ap=2.75 mm and feed f=0.01-0,8 mm per rev.).
Application Case Study Based on Service Component Oriented Architecture
Authors: Tang Jian Feng , Fang Zhen Yu
Published: September 2013

Service oriented component model provided a universal calling method for different interfaces and also provided many Qos capabilities towards enterprise computing. By illustrating an application use case about how to become a corporation partner, the paper discussed the application of service oriented component architecture in the real system. This application case was the case which made a user to be the partner of company through the method of SCA service component programming. The integration diagram in the paper showed the integration of business perspective, not the implementation of specific details, which was done by a Java project. Data type, interface and assembly diagram were all stored as XML files. Data type was defined through XML Schema and interface was defined through WSDL and XSD, in which standard XML specification were all used. The conclusion is it is feasible for the programming method based on service oriented component architecture.
Variable Reynolds Number Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Characteristic of Supercritical Airfoil RAE2822
Authors: Wang Na , Gao Chao
Published: September 2013

An experimental study of pressure distributions over RAE2822 airfoil in the two-dimensional test section 0.8×0.4 meter of a transonic wind tunnel which is the first pressruized continuous wind tunnel in China is presented. This paper in order to further study the influence of the dynamic of continuous changes Reynolds number at Mach number is 0.66 and 0.80, and the attack angle is from-2 degree to 10 degree, and especially the Reynolds number range from3.0×106to 12×106. The study is focalized on the subsonic range of flow conditions with separation and shock wave in the boundary layer. The influence of pressure distribution and pressure coefficient and moment coefficient caused by Reynolds number increasing are analyzed and discussed. The conclusions showed that the pressure distribution of the lower surface of the airfoil get the influence of the Reynolds number is negligible. The Reynolds number impact on the pressure distribution is faintness at Ma=0.66. Reynolds number increases affect the airfoil central and trailing edge pressure. As the Reynolds number increases, the CL curve move and the gradient increasing. The moment coefficient decreased as the Reynolds number increasing. The CL curve with Cd curve moves left as Reynolds number increasing.
Influence Analysis of Geometric Errors to Volumetric Machining Accuracy of a 5-Axis CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Cai Li Gang , Feng Qiu Nan , Cheng Qiang , Gu Pei Hua , Zhang Cui
Published: September 2013

The precision model of the 5-axis CNC machine tool can be built up based on the theory of kinematics for multi-body system (MBS). And then based on the precision model, the sensitivity analysis established with matrix differential is a method of identifying geometric error parameters for machine tool. And the geometric error factors of major parts that have relatively significant influence on comprehensive spatial error of the machine tool are identified. Finally, important theoretical basis for improving the titanium alloy Five-axis CNC machining center reasonably and for the error compensation can be provided.
Study about Characteristics of Cement Paste on Fractal Theory
Authors: Zhai Tian Yang
Published: September 2013

A fractal model to simulate cement paste internal pore structure, and on this basis deduce that fractal dimension is D and the corresponding pore is r, the relationship between porosity is P. MIP was measured test. Then calculated the different ages of the fractal dimension of cement and concrete compressive strength, tensile strength and permeability coefficient. The results showed that: compressive strength, permeability and fractal dimension has a good correlation. Whey in cement in the process of hydration of cement products continue to fill the pores, making the compressive strength increased 70%, permeability is declining.
Study on the Friction Transfer Rule of Piles in the Slope under the Vertical Load
Authors: Wang Xing Yun , Peng Bin , Tang Xiao Chao , Fan Lian
Published: September 2013

The pile friction regular pattern in the slope has much difference with piles in the ground. By using the finite-difference software FLAC3D,the pile friction under the vertical load is studied. The regular pattern and influence factors are analyzed. The results show that there is a significant difference contrasting the friction of both sides of the pile. For the point of value, the friction closed to the slope-side is smaller than the friction away from the slope-side. The average is 60% to 70%. For the distribution, the friction closed to the slope-side decreases rapidly with the depth of the pile. The friction away from the slope-side distributes relatively evenly. The slope ratio and the pile location have a great impact on the friction. The friction has a negative correlation with the slope ratio, and has a positive correlation with the pile distance.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Start-Up Transient in Air Conditioning System
Authors: Surawattanawan Prakob , Polpun Surasit
Published: September 2013

Dynamic models of the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in a temperature controlled room are very useful for controller design, commissioning, and fault detection and diagnosis. A transient model is a set of time differential equations in mass, energy and momentum balances. These transient equations contain parameter values for validation. The parameter such as thermal capacitances of the room chamber, heat transfer coefficient of room panel, heat transfer coefficient of evaporator are difficult to determine because they are related to unsteady condition and have to be considered to account for room energy storage. Many researchers have been studied the transient model for HVAC system by setting an assumption that there parameters are already known. None of them has been investigated into the parameter identification. This research work focused into the parameter identification technique to determine the thermal capacitances of the room chamber, heat transfer coefficient of room panel, and heat transfer coefficient of evaporator. The transient model of a refrigeration unit for an air-conditioned room was analyzed. Block diagram technique along with computer simulation technique were applied for the task. Experimental tests were setup to validate this model.
Random Response Analysis of a Large-Size Cooling Tower Subjected to the Stationary Earthquake Motion
Authors: Zhu Jia Ning , Xu Ya Zhou , Bai Guo Liang , Li Rui Wen
Published: September 2013

The response of a large-size cooling tower with 250m high subjected to the seismic action are investigated by both random vibration theory and response spectrum method. Shell element is taken to model the tower body, and beam element is used for the circular foundation and supporting columns. The earthquake motion input is a colored filtered white noise model and mode superposition method is adopted to analyze the random response of the large-size cooling tower. The paper presents the power spectrum density functions (PDF) and standard deviation of the displacement of the top and characteristic node, and the analysis results indicate that the results of the stationary random vibration theory and the response spectrum method are the same order of magnitude. The power spectrum density function of the bottom node stress is obviously bigger than the one at the top and the throat, and the random response of meridonal stress is dominated at the top. In addition, the peak frequency position of the power spectrum density function is different from the corresponding stress.
Feasibility Analysis of Laboratory Emulation Study on In-Run Phase of Freestyle Skiing Aerial Athletes
Authors: Wang Xin , Ma Yi , Fu Yan Ming
Published: September 2013

In order to summarize the kinematic law of in-run stage of free skiing aerials and identify the feasibility and scientificity of the method of laboratory emulation study, this study employed video analysis method etc. to compare the kinematic indices of laboratory in-run emulation and actual in-run stage on snow. Results show that the actions of our national ski steam are highly identical and there is no significant difference between laboratory and actual parameters. So we can safely come to the conclusion that laboratory emulation is feasible in the analysis of the in-run phase of free skiing aerials.
Joint Purchase Service System Research Based on User Needs
Authors: Zhang Lu Fang , Fang Sha Sha
Published: September 2013

Joint purchase is a new concept that came into being in recent years. It is gradually on the rise and development. In view of the unreasonable information structure about existing joint purchase website.In this paper, by using the research method of Ethnography, the lifestyles and behaviors of joint purchase groups are observed, and attributes of target groups are concluded. Users’ potential needs are tapped while qualitative data are analyzed with SCAT qualitative tool. Some needs’ factors and suggestions are given for joint purchase service system,and prepare for developing mobile application software about joint purchase.