bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lightning climatology for the eastern Alpine region on the kilometer scale with daily resolution
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg J.
Published: April 2022

Lightning flashes are potentially hazardous, albeit locally rare events. Despite this rareness, generalized additive models (GAMs) have succeeded in producing a climatology of lightning occurrence for the eastern Alps and surrounding lowlands with an unprecedented resolution of 1 $$\text{km}^{2}$$

km
2

for each day from April to September based on data from the ALDIS lightning location system (2010–2020). This resolution is achieved due to the GAM incorporating information from cells with similar characteristics, such as region, altitude, season, and elevations within the cell. The probability of a cloud-to-ground discharge within 1 $$\text{km}^{2}$$

km
2

on a given day during the warmer seasons is typically less than 1%, with a rapid increase in spring, followed by a plateau in summer and a gentle decrease in fall. Early in the season, probabilities are lower in the highest regions but increase once the snow cover is gone, becoming higher than in the valleys. Regional patterns of lightning probability also vary with season. The details are complex, but generally, higher values shift towards the south in the course of the season. Grid cells with a jagged topography have a higher probability of lightning.
Meteorological aspects of the atypical seasonal lightning distribution at the Gaisberg tower
Authors: Dorninger Manfred , Marth Sabrina
Published: April 2022

The seasonal lightning distribution at the Gaisberg tower in Austria is very different from the distribution observed in a circular ring with a radius of 2 to 10 km around the tower. The distribution in the circular ring shows the typical peak during the convective season. In contrast, we find a bimodal distribution with a peak in early spring and late fall at the tower. By selecting two cases representing these two situations, the differences in the meteorological setting are discussed.

Lightning events observed solely at the Gaisberg tower are characterized by strong horizontal winds in the lower layers of the atmosphere from the northwest sector. This direction represents the open window from the Gaisberg towards the foreland, meaning there are no mountains upstream, and the flow can reach the Gaisberg unhindered. Cases of this type occur mainly during the cold season but are not limited to it.

In contrast, lightning events at the tower and in its vicinity are typical for convective events with low horizontal wind speed in the lower layers and occur mainly during the convective season.
Immobilität als Grund der Vorstellung in einer Krankenhausnotaufnahme?
Authors: Walter Georg , Faust Markus , Wenske Slatomir , Raane Maximilian , Umgelter Katrin , Schmid Roland M. , Umgelter Andreas
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund

Die zunehmende Belastung von Krankenhausnotaufnahmen (KHN) durch wenig dringliche Patienten wirft Fragen nach Fehlsteuerungen bzw. Versorgungsdefiziten in anderen Bereichen auf.

Methode

Retrospektive Datenanalyse einer Zufallsstichprobe aus allen Fällen des Jahres 2019 zweier KHN in einer Metropolregion. Wir untersuchten Patienten, die ambulant versorgt, aber mit einem Krankentransportmittel (KT) wieder aus der Notaufnahme abtransportiert wurden.

Ergebnisse

1500 Patienten (767 [51,1 %] weiblich; Alter 56 ± 22,7 Jahre) aus einer Grundgesamtheit von 80.845 Patienten wurden analysiert. 888 (59,2 %) wurden ambulant versorgt. Jeweils 9 (0,5 %), 193 (12,9 %), 684 (45,6 %), 508 (33,9 %) und 48 (3,2 %) waren den Manchester-Triage-System-Kategorien Rot, Orange, Gelb, Grün bzw. Blau zugeordnet. Von 880 ambulanten Patienten wurden 731 (83,2 %) selbstständig und 149 (16,8 %) mit einem KT entlassen. Über die Hälfte der per KT entlassenen Patienten war mit urologischen Problemen, Extremitätenproblemen und nach Stürzen vorgestellt worden. Die liegend transportierten ambulant versorgten Patienten hatten ein höheres Alter (76,2 ± 16,2 vs. 45,1 ± 20,5 Jahre; p < 0,001), einen höheren Charlson Comorbidity Index (5 [3–6] vs. 0 [0–2]; p < 0,001), erhielten seltener eine CT-Diagnostik und häufiger lediglich eine einfache medizinische Maßnahme ohne diagnostischen Aufwand (24,8 % vs. 4,6 %; p < 0,001). Sie wurden zu einem größeren Anteil mehrfach vorgestellt (28,9 % vs. 8,5 %; p < 0,001). Der Anteil an Heimbewohnern war höher (59,5 % vs. 0 %; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung

Etwa ein Zehntel der insgesamt in den KHN versorgten Patienten blieb ambulant und wurde mit einem KT entlassen. Mehr als die Hälfte wurde aus stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen vorgestellt. Ein Großteil erhielt einfache Leistungen und kaum Diagnostik und hatte eine niedrige Triagedringlichkeit.
Entwicklung des Alkoholkonsums zu Beginn und während der ersten Wellen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie: Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche
Authors: Thielmann Beatrice , Böckelmann Irina , Schumann Heiko
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit

Es ist bekannt, dass der Alkoholkonsum und -missbrauch sowie alkoholinduzierte Probleme in wirtschaftlich schwierigen Zeiten zunehmen – was frühere SARS-Studien belegen. Das Review untersucht weltweite Veränderungen des Alkoholkonsums unter dem Einfluss der aktuellen SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden die Datenbanken PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO und Web of Science mit Stichtag 11.01.2022 verwendet. Es fand sich eine initiale Trefferzahl von 791 Publikationen. Nach Lesen von Titel und Abstract kamen noch 62 Texte infrage. Nach Sichtung des Volltexts wurden 40 Studien in dieses Review einbezogen.

Ergebnisse

Studienergebnisse lagen aus Nord- und Südamerika, Europa, Asien und Ozeanien vor. Es zeigte sich sowohl ein Anstieg als auch eine Reduktion des Alkoholkonsums. Studien, die über mehrere Wellen der Pandemie untersuchten, fanden einen Alkoholanstieg in Relation zur Dauer der Pandemie. Das Binge-Drinking spielte dabei eine große Rolle. Es gab sehr große regionale Unterschiede beim Anstieg des Alkoholkonsums: von ca. 10 % der Befragten auf > 45 %. In den meisten Studien war der Alkoholkonsum bei 40–50 % der Befragten etwa gleich und bei 30–40 % verringerte er sich.

Diskussion

Weitere Studienverläufe unter anhaltender Pandemie sind wichtig. Da die untersuchte Bevölkerung überwiegend im berufstätigen Alter war, erscheinen betriebliche Präventionsmaßnahmen bei erhöhter Stressbelastung für einen Teil der Befragten mit erhöhtem Alkoholkonsum als sinnvoll.
The maximin support method: an extension of the D’Hondt method to approval-based multiwinner elections
Authors: Sánchez-Fernández Luis , Fernández-García Norberto , Fisteus Jesús A. , Brill Markus
Published: April 2022

We propose the maximin support method, a novel extension of the D’Hondt apportionment method to approval-based multiwinner elections. The maximin support method is a sequential procedure that aims to maximize the voter support of the least supported elected candidate. It can be computed efficiently and satisfies (adjusted versions of) the main properties of the original D’Hondt method: house monotonicity, population monotonicity, and proportional representation. We also establish a close relationship between the maximin support method and alternative D’Hondt extensions due to Phragmén.
Betting market efficiency and prediction in binary choice models
Authors: Koning Ruud H. , Zijm Renske
Published: April 2022

Implied winning probabilities are usually derived from betting odds by the normalization: inverse odds are divided by the booksum (sum of the inverse odds) to ensure that the implied probabilities add up to 1. Another, less frequently used method, is Shin’s model, which endogenously accounts for a possible favourite-longshot bias. In this paper, we compare these two methods in two betting markets on soccer games. The method we use for the comparison is new and has two advantages. Unlike the binning method that is used predominantly, it is based on match-level data. The method allows for residual favourite-longshot bias, and also allows for incorporation of match specific variables that may determine the relation between the actual probability of the outcome and the implied winning probabilities. The method can be applied to any probabilistic classification problem. In our application, we find that Shin’s model yields unbiased estimates for the actual probability of outcome in the English Premier League. In the Spanish La Liga, implied probabilities derived from the betting odds using either the method of normalization or Shin’s model suffer from favourite bias: favourites tend to win their matches more frequently than the implied probabilities suggest.
Spaced Retrieval Practice Imposes Desirable Difficulty in Calculus Learning
Authors: Lyle Keith B. , Bego Campbell R. , Ralston Patricia A. S. , Immekus Jason C.
Published: April 2022

After being taught how to perform a new mathematical operation, students are often given several practice problems in a single set, such as a homework assignment or quiz (i.e., massed practice). An alternative approach is to distribute problems across multiple homeworks or quizzes, increasing the temporal interval between practice (i.e., spaced practice). Spaced practice has been shown to increase the long-term retention of various types of mathematics knowledge. Less clear is whether spacingdecreasesperformance during practice, with some studies indicating that it does and others indicating it does not. To increase clarity, we tested whether spacing produces long-term retention gains, but short-term practice costs, in a calculus course. On practice quizzes, students worked problems on various learning objectives in either massed fashion (3 problems on a single quiz) or spaced fashion (3 problems across 3 quizzes). Spacing increased retention of learning objectives on an end-of-semester test but reduced performance on the practice quizzes. The reduction in practice performance was nuanced: Spacing reduced performance only on the first two quiz questions, leaving performance on the third question unaffected. We interpret these findings as evidence that spacing led to more protracted, but ultimately more robust, learning. We, therefore, conclude that spacing imposes a desirable form of difficulty in calculus learning.
Management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from neurohormonal antagonists to empagliflozin
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Senni Michele , Barison Andrea , Panichella Giorgia , Passino Claudio , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Emdin Michele
Published: April 2022

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent syndrome with multifaceted pathophysiology. All approaches to neurohormonal modulation were shown not to improve survival in HFpEF, despite their well-established efficacy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This might be attributed to suboptimal study design, inadequate diagnostic criteria, or statistical power, but is also likely to reflect a lack of consideration for its clinical heterogeneity. The attention then shifted to the phenotypic heterogeneity of HFpEF, with the ultimate goal of developing therapies tailored to individual patient phenotypes. Recently, the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin has been found to reduce the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF in patients with HFpEF, a result driven by a reduction in HF hospitalizations. This paper recapitulates the journey from the failure of trials on neurohormonal antagonists to the attempts of personalized approaches and the new perspectives of SGLT2i therapy for HFpEF.
Data Evolution in Times of Crisis: an Organisational Mindfulness Perspective
Authors: Flynn Ger , Nagle Tadhg , Fitzgerald Ciara
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic illustrates that we are never far away from situations that have a scale and impact, which are difficult to predict. Positioned at the intersection of crisis management and resilience, this insider case-study provides the opportunity for a more complete understanding of the organisation-adversity relationship (Williams et al., 2017), by focusing on the third Covid19 wave in Ireland (Dec 2020) and resulting response by an Intensive Care Unit crisis team. The study examines the evolution of seven data supply chains that were developed to support the ICU crisis team through the surge of cases which put the highest level of strain on the Irish health system since the pandemic began. The study focuses on 289 data reviews, which triggered 63 changes each requiring a new iteration of a data supply chain. Incorporating Organisational Mindfulness as the theoretical framework, the study provides an insight into the realities of data management during a crisis but also provides a rich awareness of the complexities of data management that often go unrecognised. In doing so, the study contributes the concept of ‘mindful data’, which aids managers to understand the key characteristics of resilient data supply chains. The study also provides a rare first-hand insight into how mindful data was constructed, presented, and evolved into an essential element within the critical care environment.
Convergence of the electronic density for a target region in cluster models of a NH$$_3$$ molecular crystal
Authors: Hutcheson Anders , Høyvik Ida-Marie
Published: April 2022

In this paper we illustrate the advantage of addressing size-intensive properties of target regions without first converging the ground-state energy of that region. We use local occupied and virtual orbitals to separate the orbital space of NH$$_3$$

3

clusters into an orbital space for the target region (a central NH$$_3$$

3

molecule) and for the remaining cluster. Convergence characteristics of the Hartree–Fock (HF) energy and, indirectly, the electronic density of the target region are shown. The calculations illustrate that although the energy of the target region will not converge with cluster size, the electronic density will. The convergence of the electronic density of the target region is subsequently exploited to obtain HF dipole moments and CC2-in-HF vertical excitation energies. For these properties convergence is seen upon the inclusion of approximately three shells beyond the target region. This shows that local size-intensive properties of a target region can be investigated without converging the energy. We further show that a minimal basis description of the outer shells are sufficient to capture the correct interaction with the target region. The possibility of computing size-intensive properties for a target region using a converged electronic density, without requiring convergence in the energy itself, is currently an underexploited feature.
Learning biologically-interpretable latent representations for gene expression data
Authors: Karagiannaki Ioulia , Gourlia Krystallia , Lagani Vincenzo , Pantazis Yannis , Tsamardinos Ioannis
Published: April 2022

Molecular gene-expression datasets consist of samples with tens of thousands of measured quantities (i.e., high dimensional data). However, lower-dimensional representations that retain the useful biological information do exist. We present a novel algorithm for such dimensionality reduction called Pathway Activity Score Learning (PASL). The major novelty of PASL is that the constructed features directly correspond to known molecular pathways (genesets in general) and can be interpreted aspathway activity scores. Hence, unlike PCA and similar methods, PASL’s latent space has a fairly straightforward biological interpretation. PASL is shown to outperform in predictive performance the state-of-the-art method (PLIER) on two collections of breast cancer and leukemia gene expression datasets. PASL is also trained on a large corpus of 50000 gene expression samples to construct a universal dictionary of features across different tissues and pathologies. The dictionary validated on 35643 held-out samples for reconstruction error. It is then applied on 165 held-out datasets spanning a diverse range of diseases. The AutoML tool JADBio is employed to show that the predictive information in the PASL-created feature space is retained after the transformation. The code is available athttps://github.com/mensxmachina/PASL.
General reiteration theorems for $${{\mathcal {R}}}$$ and $${{\mathcal {L}}}$$ classes: mixed interpolation of $${{\mathcal {R}}}$$ and $${{\mathcal {L}}}$$-spaces
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Pedro , Signes Teresa
Published: April 2022

Given $$E_0, E_1, F_0, F_1, E$$

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rearrangement invariant function spaces, $$a_0$$

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, $$\mathrm {b}_0$$

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0

, $$\mathrm {b}_1$$

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1

, $$\mathrm {b}$$
b
slowly varying functions and $$0< \theta _0<\theta _1<1$$

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<

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<

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1

, we characterize the interpolation spaces $$\begin{aligned} \big ({\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {R}}}_{\theta _0,\mathrm {b}_0,E_0,a_0,F_0}, {\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {R}}}_{\theta _1, \mathrm {b}_1,E_1,a_1,F_1}\big )_{\theta ,\mathrm {b},E},\quad \big ({\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {L}}}_{\theta _0, \mathrm {b}_0,E_0,a_0,F_0}, {\overline{X}}^{\mathcal L}_{\theta _1,\mathrm {b}_1,E_1,a_1,F_1}\big )_{\theta ,\mathrm {b},E} \end{aligned}$$

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and $$\begin{aligned} \big ({\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {R}}}_{\theta _0,\mathrm {b}_0,E_0,a_0,F_0}, {\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {L}}}_{\theta _1, \mathrm {b}_1,E_1,a_1,F_1}\big )_{\theta ,\mathrm {b},E},\quad \big ({\overline{X}}^{{\mathcal {L}}}_{\theta _0, \mathrm {b}_0,E_0,a_0,F_0}, {\overline{X}}^{\mathcal R}_{\theta _1,\mathrm {b}_1,E_1,a_1,F_1}\big )_{\theta ,\mathrm {b},E}, \end{aligned}$$

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for all possible values of $$\theta \in [0,1]$$

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. Applications to interpolation identities for grand and small Lebesgue spaces, Gamma spaces and A and B-type spaces are given.
German idealism and the early philosophy of S. L. Frank
Authors: Moore Harry
Published: April 2022

This study argues that the early philosophy of Semyon Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950) exhibits significant intellectual correlations with nineteenth century German Idealist philosophy. The idealists in question are Immanuel Hermann Fichte (1796–1879), G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831) and F.W.J. Schelling (1775–1854). It will be suggested that the critical tension of Frank’s early philosophy is precisely a tension between his Hegelian and Schellingian tendencies. The paper will first introduce Frank’s theory of a “personal absolute”, exploring its surprising parallels with the religious philosophy of I. H. Fichte. The analysis then addresses the self-dispersal of Hegel’s absolute, before finally turning to Schelling’s immediate intuition of subject-object identity.
Justice is in the eye of the beholder: a vignette study linking procedural justice and stigma to Muslims’ trust in police
Authors: Madon Natasha S. , Murphy Kristina , Williamson Harley
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study examines how stigma moderates the effect of procedurally just and unjust treatment on Muslims’ trust in police.

Methods

Survey participants were randomly assigned to receive one of two vignettes describing a traffic stop where officer treatment was manipulated (procedurally just/unjust). Muslims’ feelings of stigma were measured prior to the vignette, while trust was measured after the vignette.

Results

We found that the procedural justice vignette enhanced trust in police, and perceived stigma was associated with lower trust. For Muslims who felt highly stigmatized, however, experiencing police procedural justice had a weaker positive effect on trust when compared to those who felt low levels of stigmatization.

Conclusions

The results suggest that feelings of stigma can moderate how individuals view police-citizen interactions. Specifically, for those who observe or experience encounters with police believing that they or their cultural group are stigmatized, procedural justice will be less effective in promoting trust.
Reproductive strategy of a temperate canopy tree Tilia cordata Mill. (Malvaceae) is related to temperature during flowering and density of recent recruits
Authors: Barker Carl , Davis Michelle Louise , Ashton Paul
Published: April 2022

Facultative clonality is extremely common in plants, but the relative emphasis on sexual versus asexual reproduction varies both between and within species, which in turn may influence individual fitness and population persistence. Tilia cordata is a temperate, entomophilous canopy tree that is partially clonal. Favourably warm climatic conditions have been linked with successful sexual reproduction in the species with clonality being suggested as the reason for population persistence in colder periods. Despite this the extent, character and structure of asexual reproduction in the species have never been described, nor has its relationship with climate. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure was assessed in 23 stands across a latitudinal gradient. The proportion of individuals that are of clonal origin has a wide range with a mean of ~43%. Genetic diversity is high, with even mostly clonal stand possessing several distinct genotypes. A beta regression model shows that historic summer temperatures and density of recent recruits are predictors of the proportion of clonal recruitment. Clonal reproduction is less important in stands that experience higher temperatures during flowering while stands with more saplings have more clones. Additional factors likely affect the balance between the two reproductive modes. The climatic relationship suggests a trend towards a higher proportion of recruitment from seed in a warming climate, although factors such as herbivory may prevent this.
Fabrication of Customizable Intraplaque Hemorrhage Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bomben Matteo A. , Moody Alan R. , Drake James M. , Matsuura Naomi
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging detection of methemoglobin, a molecular marker of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), in atherosclerotic plaque is a promising method of assessing stroke risk. However, the multicenter imaging studies required to further validate this technique necessitate the development of IPH phantoms to standardize images acquired across different scanners. This study developed a set of phantoms that modeled methemoglobin-laden IPH for use in MR image standardization.

Procedures

A time-stable material mimicking the MR properties of methemoglobin in IPH was created by doping agarose hydrogel with gadolinium and sodium alginate. This material was used to create a phantom that consisted of 9 cylindrical IPH sites (with sizes from 1 to 8 mm). Anatomical replicas of IPH-positive atherosclerosis were also created using 3D printed molds. These plaque replicas also modeled other common plaque components including a lipid core and atheroma cap. T1 mapping and a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) carotid imaging protocol were used to assess phantom realism and long-term stability.

Results

Cylindrical phantom IPH sites possessed a T1 time of 335 ± 51 ms and exhibited little change in size or MPRAGE signal intensity over 31 days; the mean (SD) magnitude of changes in size and signal were 6.4 % (2.7 %) and 7.3 % (6.7 %), respectively. IPH sites incorporated into complex anatomical plaque phantoms exhibited contrast comparable to clinical images.

Conclusions

The cylindrical IPH phantom accurately modeled the short T1 time characteristic of methemoglobin-laden IPH, with the IPH sites exhibiting little variation in imaging properties over 31 days. Furthermore, MPRAGE images of the anatomical atherosclerosis replicas closely matched those of clinical plaques. In combination, these phantoms will allow for IPH imaging protocol standardization and thus facilitate future multicenter IPH imaging.
An evaluation of temporal changes in physicochemical properties of gully pot sediments
Authors: Wei Haoyu , Muthanna Tone Merete , Lundy Lian , Viklander Maria
Published: April 2022

Diffuse pollution is recognised as a major challenge in achieving EU Water Framework Directive compliance, with urban runoff being a key pathway connecting various sources to receiving waters. Gully pots, as one of the ubiquitous urban drainage infrastructures, are placed at the inlets of piped drainage pipe network and actively drain runoff from urban catchment with suspended solids proportionally retained. The physiochemical properties of these retained solids reflect the activities within the catchment during the accumulation period. In this work, seven gully pots in two catchment types (highway and housing) in Luleå, Sweden were fully emptied and sediments analysed for total mass, particle size distribution and selected metal concentrations by six size fractions. The results of this sampling campaign are compared with the results of a 2005 study of the same gully pots to identify changes in the physicochemical properties of sediments over time and examine whether changes identified can be linked to changes in wider catchment management practices. The results highlight the potential impacts of winter road maintenance operations (e.g. up to a 15-fold higher solids loading rate in road catchment gully pots), reaching a normalised solids accumulation rate of 0.176–0.819 kg m2 year−1. An increase in tyre and road wear associated with winter road maintenance operations is also understood to contribute to the temporal increase of several metals including Cu, Zn, Co, Cr and V in the < 63-µm solids fraction in the road catchment gully pots. The concentrations of As and Pb decrease in all size fractions in both catchments, with the implementation of unleaded fuels (for Pb in housing catchment only), End-of-Life Vehicle Directive (Directive 2000/53/EC) (for Pb in both catchments), and strengthened industrial emission reduction measures suggested as possible drivers. The high contamination load for Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in < 63-µm sediments from low-traffic housing catchment also emphasised the necessity of tracing and restricting non-traffic-related metal sources. Further seasonal monitoring of gully pot sediments is recommended to fully follow up the development of metals loading in both catchments.
The Pivotal Function of Non-human Actors in the Acceptability of the Body Technology, Actibelt®: a Reconstruction Based on Actor-Network-Theory
Authors: Scheermesser Mandy
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the question of how non-human actors contribute to the acceptability of technologies. Acceptance and acceptability of technologies were examined as network formation and not, as in conventional technology acceptance models, as adoption by individual human actors. Using the approach of translation sociology, the acceptance work necessary for network formation was examined. As a result, the (technical) actibelt®-Actor-Network and five modes of acceptance work by non-human actors and their effects on patients were identified. The different modes of acceptance work show that non-human actors, such as events, meetings, graphs, and socio-technical discourses, are not passive actors in the development of technology, but can enable, hinder, or condition acceptability. Therefore, non-human actors play a central and constitutive role in the translation process by performing acceptance work and contributing to the stabilisation and acceptability of the actibelt®-Actor-Network.
The role of a nature-based program in fostering multiple connections to nature
Authors: Baird Julia , Dale Gillian , Holzer Jennifer M. , Hutson Garrett , Ives Christopher D. , Plummer Ryan
Published: April 2022

Reconnecting to nature is imperative for the sustainability of humans on Earth, offering a leverage point for system change. Connections to nature have been conceptualized as a typology of five types as follows: material; experiential; cognitive; emotional; and, philosophical, ranging from relatively shallow to deeper connections, respectively. Educational programs that immerse individuals in nature have been designed to build an appreciation for places travelled, awareness of environmental issues and to promote pro-environmental behaviours. Using quantitative and qualitative data from 295 individuals who participated in National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) programs ranging from 14 to 90 days, we tested hypotheses to understand whether and to what extent NOLS influenced the five types of connections to nature. We further investigated whether deeper connection types were associated with greater intentions for pro-environmental behaviours. Findings showed that individuals generally reported greater connections to nature after the NOLS program, with emotional and material connections increasing the most. While intentions for pro-environmental behaviour increased from pre- to post-program, deeper connections to nature did not correspond to greater intention for pro-environmental behaviour. The strongest predictor of intention for pro-environmental behaviour was a cognitive connection, though an emotional connection was also a significant predictor. Ultimately, we found that the NOLS program fosters multiple connections to nature and increases intentions for pro-environmental behaviour. We call for more research to understand the relationships among connection to nature types and how those interactions may influence intentions for pro-environmental behaviour—in nature-based educational programs and in other contexts.
Influence of Titanium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Foundry Zinc Alloy
Authors: Dudek Piotr , Piwowońska Justyna
Published: April 2022

The article presents studies of the influence of titanium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the zinc casting alloy ZL2. The positive effect of its addition on the strength of die castings made of this alloy was found. Castings with the addition of titanium had a fine structure and higher tensile strength (approx. 255 MPa for an alloy with Ti addition) compared to the base material (approx. 200 MPa). The addition of the modifier also increased the hardness of the obtained castings from 100 HBW (ZL2) to 130 HBW (alloy with the addition of Ti).
Outcomes and Effects of 250-cm Biliopancreatic Limb One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass in Patients with BMI > 50 kg/m2 with Total Bowel Length > 6 m: a 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Eskandaros Moheb S.
Published: April 2022

Background

There is a controversy on the suitable bariatric procedure for patients with BMI > 50 kg/m2. Many surgeons prefer the Roux en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) while others resort to long biliopancreatic limb (BPL) one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB).

Methods

This study included patients with BMI > 50 kg/m2 who underwent 250-cm BPL OAGB with total bowel length (TBL) > 6 m and completed 24-month follow-up from July 2015 to November 2021. Demographic data with preoperative weight, BMI, hypertension (HTN), DM (HbA1C), Hb, iron, calcium, albumin, vitamin D, and parathormone levels (PTH) were recorded. Operative time, total bowel length (TBL), residual length (RBL), complications and postoperative weight, BMI, % of total weight loss (%TWL), HTN, DM, and alkaline reflux as well as Hb, iron, calcium, albumin, vitamin D, and PTH levels were recorded at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Results

OAGB had a significant decrease in weight, BMI (25.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2 at 24 months) with %TWL of 48 ± 5% at 24 months. TBL and RBL were 6.7 ± 0.65 and 4.2 ± 0.65 m respectively. %BL (RBL/TBL*100) was 62.4 ± 3.3%. The HbA1C, HTN, and alkaline reflux incidence were 5.5 ± 0.29 gm%, 1.4%, and 3.7% respectively at 24 months. Hb, iron, calcium, albumin, and vitamin D showed a significant decrease but still within normal range, and PTH showed a significant increase at 24 months.

Conclusion

Long BP (250 cm) OAGB in patients with BMI > 50 kg/m2 with TWL > 6 m had good results in the achievement of weight loss and weight maintenance goals with remission of associated comorbidities as HTN and DM.

Graphical abstract
Investigating teacher noticing and learning in Australia, China, and Germany: a tale of three teachers
Authors: Damrau Milena , Barton Daniel , Huget Judith , Ching Esther Chan Man , Roche Anne , Wang Chongyang , Clarke Doug M. , Cao Yiming , Liu Bing , Zhang Shu , Peter-Koop Andrea
Published: April 2022

Teacher noticing can be an important element in improving teaching and students’ mathematical success. While the focus of the international project Learning from Lessons was on teacher learning, in this paper we report what mathematics teachers noticed and claimed to learn through the process of planning, teaching, and reflecting on their lessons. The study involved teachers and research teams from three countries (Australia, China and Germany) with different cultures, contexts and pedagogies. The explicit goal of the current study was to identify commonalities and differences with respect to those aspects that teachers noticed during their teaching. A multiple case study with three teachers, one from each of the three participating countries, was conducted using prompting questions to facilitate teacher reflection. The process of defining and refining categories for teacher noticing was implemented in the methodology. The findings suggest that there were many commonalities across the cases despite the different cultural and individual backgrounds of the teachers. The specific topic and individual lessons as well as the teachers’ expectations based on their lesson planning seemed to influence what the teachers noticed in their teaching process. The study highlights the importance of attending to the situational aspects of teacher noticing and learning.
Digital Technologies to Support Better Outcome and Experience of Care in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: McBeath K. C. C. , Angermann C. E. , Cowie M. R.
Published: April 2022

Purpose of Review

In this article, we review a range of digital technologies for possible application in heart failure patients, with a focus on lessons learned. We also discuss a future model of heart failure management, as digital technologies continue to become part of standard care.

Recent Findings

Digital technologies are increasingly used by healthcare professionals and those living with heart failure to support more personalised and timely shared decision-making, earlier identification of problems, and an improved experience of care. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the acceptability and implementation of a range of digital technologies, including remote monitoring and health tracking, mobile health (wearable technology and smartphone-based applications), and the use of machine learning to augment data interpretation and decision-making. Much has been learned over recent decades on the challenges and opportunities of technology development, including how best to evaluate the impact of digital health interventions on health and healthcare, the human factors involved in implementation and how best to integrate dataflows into the clinical pathway.

Supporting patients with heart failure as well as healthcare professionals (both with a broad range of health and digital literacy skills) is crucial to success. Access to digital technologies and the internet remains a challenge for some patients. The aim should be to identify the right technology for the right patient at the right time, in a process of co-design and co-implementation with patients.
Cortical Representation of Touch in Silico
Authors: Huang Chao , Zeldenrust Fleur , Celikel Tansu
Published: April 2022

With its six layers and ~ 12,000 neurons, a cortical column is a complex network whose function is plausibly greater than the sum of its constituents’. Functional characterization of its network components will require going beyond the brute-force modulation of the neural activity of a small group of neurons. Here we introduce an open-source, biologically inspired, computationally efficient network model of the somatosensory cortex’s granular and supragranular layers after reconstructing the barrel cortex in soma resolution. Comparisons of the network activity to empirical observations showed that the in silico network replicates the known properties of touch representations and whisker deprivation-induced changes in synaptic strength induced in vivo. Simulations show that the history of the membrane potential acts as a spatial filter that determines the presynaptic population of neurons contributing to a post-synaptic action potential; this spatial filtering might be critical for synaptic integration of top-down and bottom-up information.
Posttraumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Depreciation: Independent Correlates of Well-Being Among People Living with HIV
Authors: Pięta Małgorzata , Rzeszutek Marcin
Published: April 2022

Background

Although posttraumatic growth (PTG) is intuitively associated with positive adaptation to traumatic life circumstances, studies regarding the link between PTG and well-being present mixed findings. Our study aimed to analyze the link between PTG and well-being indicators (resource gain and loss, positive and negative affect; PA/NA) in a clinical sample of people living with HIV (PLWH), with the additional control of parallel negative changes among participants, i.e., posttraumatic depreciation (PTD).

Methods

The study sample comprised 509 PLWH who completed the standardized psychometric inventories measuring the study variables—PTG/PTD, resource gain and resource loss, and affective well-being.

Results

By applying the person-centered perspective to the study results, we observed distinct clusters of participants within resources and PA/NA, which were uniquely associated with PTG/PTD levels, after controlling for sociomedical data among participants.

Conclusions

Including two parallel sides of growth, i.e., PTG and PTD, our study may deepen the understanding of PTG mechanisms and processes among PLWH and inspire planning for more effective psychological interventions designed to meet the specific needs of these patients.
Meaning and Purpose: Using Phylogenies to Investigate Human History and Cultural Evolution
Authors: Bromham Lindell
Published: April 2022

Phylogenies are increasingly being used to investigate human history, diversification and cultural evolution. While using phylogenies in this way is not new, new modes of analysis are being applied to inferring history, reconstructing past states, and examining processes of change. Phylogenies have the advantage of providing a way of creating a continuous history of all current populations, and they make a large number of analyses and hypothesis tests possible even when other forms of historical information are patchy or nonexistent. In common with approaches taken in other historical sciences, phylogenetics is a way of reconstructing past and processes using the traces left in the present day. Trees, based on DNA, language, cultural traits, or other evidence, are now sprouting all over the academic landscape. The increasing use of phylogenetic analysis to understand human cultural evolution has been embraced by some, and scorned by others. The purpose of this article is not to review methods and applications of phylogenetic analyses, nor to consider the growing field of cultural phylogenetics, but, more broadly, to explore how we interpret phylogenies as narratives about human diversification. The first half of the article deals with meaning: phylogenies are often interpreted as histories, but a bifurcating tree is at best an abstract representation of history, and its connections to past events and processes is dependent on the data used, the assumptions made in the analysis, and the degree to which nodes in the tree (where one lineage splits into two) can be connected to change and movement in real populations. The second half of the article explores the purpose of phylogenies: a tree does not have to be a literal history of human lineages in order to be useful for investigating processes of human diversification. Phylogenies should not be read as accurate records of history, but as a way of exploring plausible explanations for current patterns of diversity. Phylogenies provide important information that can be used to test ideas about human diversity, and can help to guard against errors of inference arising from statistical artifacts.
Measuring Resilience in the Assumed City
Authors: Cheek Wesley , Chmutina Ksenia
Published: April 2022

The malleable nature of both the idea of a city and the idea of resilience raises an important question—why measure? Resilience is assumed to be located in the physical infrastructure of specific places or as a quality of the people located there. For disasters, we are often trying to conceptualize, measure, or render legible resilience in physical structures. But what is it that we are trying to measure, and is the idea of a city reflected in these measurements? If cities are organized around something other than resilience, is resilience their natural by-product? What is necessitating the need for increased—and measured—resilience? Using interpretive policy analysis, we explored five well known disaster resilience frameworks (UNDRR’s Making Cities Resilient Campaign, UN-Habitat’s City Resilience Profiling Programme, The World Bank and GFDRR’s Resilient Cities Program, Arup and The Rockefeller Foundation’s City Resilience Index, and The Rockefeller Foundation’s 100 Resilient Cities) to identify the working definition of “city” and of “resilience.” We conclude that if the demand for cities to become more resilient is an acknowledgment of the risk produced by globalized urbanization, then the call itself is an indictment of the current state of our cities.
Menstrual Cycle: The Importance of Both the Phases and the Transitions Between Phases on Training and Performance
Authors: Bruinvels Georgie , Hackney Anthony C. , Pedlar Charles R.
Published: April 2022

The authors present opinions based on their applied experiences of working with female athletes in combination with the existing evidence-based literature. Most of the existing menstrual cycle research focuses on a few steady-state time points within the pre-defined menstrual cycle phases, yet this disregards the day-to-day hormonal changes that women have to accommodate to perform optimally and consistently. The traditional research models are inadequate for studying symptoms and symptom management, and ultimately for supporting athletes to perform well throughout the entirety of their cycle. As such, the monitoring of the day-to-day variation, particularly during the transitions between menstrual cycle phases appears to be an important “overlooked” consideration. This is particularly pertinent considering the known intra-individual and inter-individual variation in menstrual cycle characteristics. Anecdotal and research evidence supports the idea that athletes can use non-pharmacological solutions to mitigate negative menstrual cycle symptoms and do not need to “grit their teeth and roll with it”. However, further research (including case studies) is needed in this important research area. Such knowledge should be and needs to be widespread amongst practitioners and athletes as they should not have to figure this out alone. As such, researchers and practitioners need to put more work into understanding symptom aetiology, symptom clusters and their relationship with hormonal changes, menstrual cycle phases and transitions, with potential for a profound impact on individual athlete health and well-being. In so doing, those working with female athletes need to continue building on the recent progress made in educating athletes and practitioners; for example, normalising the discussion of and about the menstrual cycle and all of its implications.
Synergistic lubrication of few-layer Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 heterojunction as a lubricant additive
Authors: Feng Peng , Ren Yanping , Li Yuting , He Jifan , Zhao Zhuang , Ma Xiaoliang , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhu Minhao
Published: April 2022

The few-layer Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 heterostructure was successfully prepared via vertically growing of MoS2 nanosheets on the few-layer Ti3C2Tx matrix using hydrothermal method. The tribological properties as additive in mineral oil (150N) were evaluated in detail. The 0.3 wt% of few-layer Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 heterostructure addition amount can reduce the friction and wear of 150N by 39% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the enhancement effect of few-layer Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 on tribological properties of 150N is superior to that of few-layer Ti3C2Tx, MoS2 nanosheets, and their mechanical mixture. Based on the characterization and analysis of wear debris and wear track, such excellent tribological properties of the few-layer Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 heterostructure derive from its structural advantage toward good dispersion, the synergistic lubrication of Ti3C2Tx and MoS2 nanosheets during the rubbing process, and the formation of tribo-film.
Long short-term memory based semi-supervised encoder—decoder for early prediction of failures in self-lubricating bearings
Authors: Pandiyan Vigneashwara , Akeddar Mehdi , Prost Josef , Vorlaufer Georg , Varga Markus , Wasmer Kilian
Published: April 2022

The existing knowledge regarding the interfacial forces, lubrication, and wear of bearings in real-world operation has significantly improved their designs over time, allowing for prolonged service life. As a result, self-lubricating bearings have become a viable alternative to traditional bearing designs in industrial machines. However, wear mechanisms are still inevitable and occur progressively in self-lubricating bearings, as characterized by the loss of the lubrication film and seizure. Therefore, monitoring the stages of the wear states in these components will help to impart the necessary countermeasures to reduce the machine maintenance downtime. This article proposes a methodology for using a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based encoder—decoder architecture on interfacial force signatures to detect abnormal regimes, aiming to provide early predictions of failure in self-lubricating sliding contacts even before they occur. Reciprocating sliding experiments were performed using a self-lubricating bronze bushing and steel shaft journal in a custom-built transversally oscillating tribometer setup. The force signatures corresponding to each cycle of the reciprocating sliding motion in the normal regime were used as inputs to train the encoder—decoder architecture, so as to reconstruct any new signal of the normal regime with the minimum error. With this semi-supervised training exercise, the force signatures corresponding to the abnormal regime could be differentiated from the normal regime, as their reconstruction errors would be very high. During the validation procedure for the proposed LSTM-based encoder—decoder model, the model predicted the force signals corresponding to the normal and abnormal regimes with an accuracy of 97%. In addition, a visualization of the reconstruction error across the entire force signature showed noticeable patterns in the reconstruction error when temporally decoded before the actual critical failure point, making it possible to be used for early predictions of failure.