bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Geo-Spatial Distribution of Markets on Household Travel Patterns in Akure Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Adetunji Musilimu Adeyinka
Published: October 2021

This study examines the spatial distribution of markets and its impact on household travel patterns in Akure, Nigeria. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for the research. The coordinates of locations of markets were obtained using a hand held Geographical Position System (GPS) and determined by measured using the ‘Ruler’ menu of ArcGIS 10.3.1 software. A structured questionnaire was designed to elicit information on household travel patterns. Using descriptive and inferential statistics, the findings reveal that market is randomly distributed. A linear association exits between distance travel to market and household mode choice of transportation and it is significant at 0.05%. Inadequate transport services and traffic congestion are problems faced by households in Akure on their trips to markets. The study concludes that more periodic or daily markets should be provided in some localities that do not have in Akure and similar other cities in Nigeria.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Vokhidova Mehri
Published: October 2021

This article provides an analysis of the structure of foreign economic relations of Central Asian countries, in particular, the geography and structure of exports and imports. The analysis of the commodity composition of foreign trade of Central Asian countries highlights a number of common features:-The share of mineral resources, fuel and energy resources in the structure of exports of countries is very high, they specialize in these products;-The share of finished and semi-finished products in exports is low and in some countries their share is growing;-Countries have a high share of imports of machinery, equipment and vehicles, as well as components, as well as their increase, and this is directly related to foreign investment;-The share of chemical and chemical products, metals and metal products in the country's imports remains high.Keywords: Central Asia, export, import, foreign trade, export geography, trade partners.
PROSPECTS FOR TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNAL AUDIT SERVICES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors:   Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Turdiev Shaxriddin
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the prospects for improving the activities of internal audit services of commercial banks, transforming their activities through the introduction of modern banking services,digital technologies. The results of previous studies on the topic were reviewed. The regulatory framework for the transformation of the internal audit service has been introduced.Keywords: internal audit, transformation, current control, digital technologies, remote services, bank board, annual plan
PRACTICES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN THE WORKPLACE: EXAMPLES OF THE USA AND JAPAN
Authors:   Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent of Uzbekistan, Kurbonov Makhmud
Published: October 2021

This article examines organizational culture and its importance on the example of Japan and the United States. The experience of Japanese companies is based on the formation of an organizational culture in a multi-generational workforce and its transmission from generation to generation without change. As a result of the research, the main recommendation was to train the younger generation in the workplace as the main means of creating and maintaining the organizational culture in a team of different generations.Keywords: enterprise management, organizational culture, Japan, USA, value, corporate culture, employee, representatives of different generations
ECOLOGICAL SECURITY AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Employee of the State Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Madreymov Kengesbay
Published: October 2021

The article examines the main approaches of state environmental policy and legal, organizational and economic support provided by Uzbekistan for economic development through environmental safety. As a result of the study, the following recommendations were formed: identification of new ways to solve emerging problems, the formation of new values, the creation of new incentives, the presentation of new opportunities.Keywords: ecology, economics, ecological safety, ecological economics, global ecological problems, green economy
UZBEKSO-CHINESE COOPERATION AND ITS PROSPECTS
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Zokirov Bobir C.
Published: October 2021

The article highlights the issues of Uzbek-Chinese cooperation in the years of independence and its prospects. In particular, the measures taken between the two countries in the field of trade, economic and investment, security, cultural, humanitarian, energy, transport and scientific and technical cooperation. The two countries agreed onpromising tasks, the legal basis of which is the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership, signed in 2005, and the Joint Declaration on the Comprehensive Deepening and Development of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership in 2010. Joint Declaration on Strategic Partnership, Joint Declaration on Further Deepening and Development of Bilateral Strategic Partnership in 2013, Strategic Partnership Development Program for 2014-2018 and Joint Statement signed in 2016
Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian pada PT Ladang Harta Insani Berbasis Web
Authors: Haqque Rofiqoh Hadiyan Dien , Salsabila Senas , Santikarama Irma
Published: October 2021

Kepegawaian merupakan kegiatan mengelola sumber daya manusia dalam organisasi. PT Ladang Harta Insani merupakan perusahaan swasta yang memiliki bidang usaha berupa SPBU di bawah naungan PT Pertamina (Persero) yang memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat berupa pengisian bahan bakar. Pengelolaan data kepegawaian di PT Ladang Harta Insani merupakan kegiatan yang berkelanjutan. Proses kepegawaian yang sedang berjalan meliputi pengadaan data pegawai, kehadiran, cuti, dan rekapitulasi kehadiran dan cuti pegawai. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, terdapat beberapa masalah dalam pengolahan data dan informasi pegawai, rekapitulasi kehadiran dan cuti serta pembuatan laporan pegawai yang belum tersampaikan dengan baik sehingga mengakibatkan kendala dalam prosesnya. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem sebagai solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini telah membangun sistem informasi kepegawaian berbasis web untuk membantu dan memudahkan dalam pengelolaan dan pelaporan data pegawai. Sistem dibangun mencakup proses bisnis kelola pegawai, kelola kehadiran, kelola cuti, dan rekapitulasi kehadiran dan cuti. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengumpulan data dan pengembangan sistem dengan tahap prototyping. Hasil UAT menunjukkan persentase sebesar 83%, sehingga sistem ini dapat diterima dan memungkinkan akan diterapkan di PT Ladang Harta Insani. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu dapat melakukan penanganan data penjualan dan gaji pegawai disertai komputasi perhitungannya yang disesuaikan dengan data kehadiran, cuti, dan jabatan pegawai.
Pembangunan Perangkat Lunak Penjualan Alat Permainan Edukatif Pada CV. Muara Mandiri
Authors: Amalia Fajariani , Rahayu Anggi Saparda , Santikarama Irma
Published: October 2021

Penjualan merupakan sebuah aktivitas atau bisnis dalam hal menjual produk/jasa, aktivitas tersebut menjadi bagian terpenting pada suatu perusahaan terutama untuk meraih keuntungan. Perusahaan CV. Muara Mandiri merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang mainan edukatif terbuat dari kayu, spon, dan besi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dengan direktur perusahaan terdapat beberapa permasalahan seperti transaksi terhambat karena adanya kendala mendapatkan respon yang lama sehingga informasi yang dibutuhkan tidak diterima dengan cepat dan proses jual-beli menjadi lambat. Selain itu, proses pencatatan data seperti data pelanggan, data pemesanan, serta data laporan penjualan pada perusahaan juga tidak tersimpan dengan baik sehingga menyulitkan ketika perusahaan membutuhkan data tersebut. Oleh karena itu, rancangan sistem dibutuhkan untuk membantu manajemen perusahaan dalam mengelola data produk, menyajikan informasi, dan memberikan kemudahan kepada pelanggan untuk membeli produk. Selain dapat membeli produk yang tersedia, pembangunan sistem ini juga membuat fungsi untuk pemesanan khusus sehingga pelanggan dapat memesan sesuai keinginan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari metode pengumpulan data, dan pengembangan sistem menggunakan model waterfall. Pembangunan sistem ini menghasilkan perangkat lunak penjualan alat permainan edukatif pada CV. Muara Mandiri.
Pemetaan Daerah Asal Mahasiswa Unjani Berbasis WebGis
Authors: Kasyidi Fatan , Fauziah Seffiera , Renaldi Faiza , Santikarama Irma
Published: October 2021

Sistem Informasi Geografis merupakan bidang ilmu yang membahas bidang geografis yang bisa diterapkan dalam berbagai bidang institusi, misalnya di bidang kemiliteran, bidang kedokteran, bidang pendidikan hingga bidang pertanian. Manfaat SIG secara umum memberikan informasi yang mendekati kondisi dunia nyata, memprediksi suatu hasil dan perencanaan strategis. Implementasi SIG dalam pendidikan dapat menjadi dasar pengambilan keputusan. Pemanfaatan SIG dalam pendidikan diantaranya mengatur data dan informasi yang ditampilkan secara geografis sehingga dapat diketahui sebaran dan pola yang terbentuk serta dapat menginventarisasi infrastruktur pendidikan. Pada sistem PMB Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani belum memiliki pemetaan yang menjadikan pemrosesan data menjadi lebih lama. Sebelumnya unjani melakukan pengecekan daerah asal mahasiswa berupa tabel saja. Dari persoalan ini, GIS dapat memudahkan dalam membaca data dalam bentuk peta. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daerah mana yang kurang mahasiswa yang nantinya bagian PMB bisa mengetahui perencanaan promosi unjani di periode berikutnya dari hasil pemetaan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu sistem yang memberikan informasi mengenai sebaran mahasiswa tersebut yang berbasis online. Metode yang digunakan untuk pembuatan sistem informasi geografis tersebut adalah metode waterfall. Beberapa pemrograman yang digunakan antara lain PHP dan HTML. Sistem yang dibuat mampu memberi informasi berupa peta sebaran mahasiswa dalam bentuk peta yang berbasis web (WebGIS). Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan User Acceptance test yang memiliki rata-rata kelayakan 76,50%
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Suhu dan Kelembapan Kandang Ayam Tertutup Menggunakan Platform Internet-of-Things
Authors: Cardi Cardi , Najmurrokhman Asep
Published: October 2021

Peternakan memberikan kontribusi terhadap perekonomian negara berupa transaksi komoditas daging hasil peternakan. Untuk menjamin kualitas dan kuantitas produksi daging, manajemen perkandangan termasuk didalamnya pemantauan suhu dan kelembapan kandang ayam harus dilakukan karena berkorelasi dengan hasil peternakan yang diperoleh. Makalah ini menguraikan tentang sistem informasi pemantauan suhu dan kelembapan kandang ayam tertutup menggunakan platform Internet-of-Things (IoT). Suhu dan kelembapan kandang dideteksi oleh sensor DHT11. Data sensor dan kelembapan dikirim dan diolah oleh NodeMCU ESP32. Data tersebut tersimpan dalam cloud yang dapat diakses menggunakan platform IoT ThingSpeak. Selanjutnya sebuah aplikasi yang dibangun dengan menggunakan MIT App Inventor diinstalasi dalam telepon seluler untuk mengakses data suhu dan kelembapan kandang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan informasi terkait suhu dan kelembapan dapat diperoleh melalui aplikasi tersebut. Kondisi suhu dan kelembapan dapat dipantau setiap saat dan fitur grafik yang dibuat dapat memberikan informasi tentang tren perubahan data suhu dan kelembapan yang terjadi dalam kandang. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian untuk rentang waktu tertentu, nilai rerata suhu dan kelembapan ruang 1 sekitar 26,57ºC dan 62,53 %, sedangkan untuk ruang 2 sekitar 26,73ºC dan 64,87 %. Sementara itu, rerata suhu dan kelembapan ruang 3 sekitar 25,95ºC dan 57,16 %.
منهجية الإمام الحصيري في ترتيب الموضوعات الفقهية من خلال كتابه الحاوي في الفتاوى -دراسة مقارنة-
Authors: ELBAKRİ Zehra , JABARI Shaker
Published: October 2021

تتناول هذه الدراسة تقسيمات الأبواب الفقهية عند الإمام الحصيري في كتابه حاوي الفتاوى والمعروف أيضا بحاوي الحصيري، مع مقارنة تقسيم الأبواب الفقهية بمنهجية علماء المذهب الحنفي في تقسيمات الأبواب الفقهية، وبعدها يتم مقارنتها بمنهجية تقسيمات علماء الشافعية للأبواب الفقيه: يقسم الإمام الحصيري الأبواب الفقهية إلى أربع أقسام، القسم الأول: العبادات، القسم الثاني في المعاملات والمباحات، القسم الثالث: في المحظورات والمكروهات، القسم الرابع في الجنايات والعقوبات، وجعل تحت كل قسم أبواب متعددة، وختم كتابه بخاتمة سماها القسم الأخير تناول فيها موضوعات متفرقة مثل عقيدة السلف الصالح، ومناقب أبي حنيفة ومحمد بن الحسن وأبي يوسف.

من خلال الدراسة يتم عرض الموضوعات الفقهية التي ذكرها الإمام الحصيري واحدة تلو الأخرى، ومن ثم نحاول بيان وتوضيح أسباب ورود الأبواب الفقهية في تلك الأقسام وتعلقها، وذكر مناسبة الكتب في ورودها وترتيبها من خلال مراجعة الكتب الفقهية الحنفية، وبعد ذلك يتم ذكر موضع كل كتاب عند علماء الشافعية في كتبهم الفقهية ومناسبة ورودها، ومحاولة تمييز الاختلاف بين تقسيمات الحصيري للأبواب الفقهية وتقسيمات علماء المذهب الحنفي، وكذلك الأمر مع تقسيمات المذهب الشافعي للأبواب الفقهية.

تميز ترتيب الإمام الحصيري للموضوعات الفقهية في كتابه حاوي الفتاوى عن نمط ترتيب الأبواب الفقهية عند علماء المذهب الحنفي، ومن باب أولى كان تميزه واختلافه عن علماء الشافعية في ترتيباتهم لأبواب موضوعات الفقه.
Hunat Hatun Cami’nin Osmanlı’dan Günümüze Geçirdiği Onarımlar
Authors: AKŞEHİRLİOĞLU Ayşegül , BİNAN Can Şakir
Published: October 2021

Geçmişten günümüze ilettikleri izlerle sürekliliği sağlayan anıtsal yapılar taşıdıkları sosyal, kültürel, dini, ekonomik, tarihsel değerler ve sembolik anlamlar nedeniyle özenle korunarak gelecek nesillere aktarılmayı hak etmektedir. Türkiye’nin zengin kültürel mirasının önemli bir kolunu oluşturan Selçuklu Dönemi Anıtsal Yapıları, güçlü yer ve bağlam duygusu barındıran, kentsel algı ve kent kimliğinin belirleyicisi olan ve hafıza noktaları oluşturarak röper niteliği taşıyan konumlarıyla korunması gereken önemli yapı gruplarındandır. Türkiye anıtsal mimari miras açısından çok zengin bir konumda olmakla birlikte, bu yapıların özgün değerleri ile korunarak yaşatılması ve sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması konusu yeterince gündeme gelmemektedir. Yapıların süreç içinde yapılan eklemeler ve onarımlar sonrasında kazandığı tüm tarihsel katmanlar ile birlikte bir bütün olarak korunması gerekmektedir.

Çalışmada Kayseri’de Selçuklu Dönemi’ne ait ilk külliye olan Hunat Hatun Külliyesi’nin en önemli yapılarından olan Hunat Hatun Cami’nin Osmanlı’dan günümüze farklı dönemlerde geçirdiği onarım süreçleri ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda, ilk olarak külliyenin tarih içindeki yapım süreci, gelişim ve değişimi, mimari özellikleri kısaca anlatılmaktadır. Caminin koruma ve onarım süreç değerlendirmesi amacıyla detaylı kaynak taraması yapılmış, tespit edilen veriler ışığında, yapının geçirdiği bakım ve onarım çalışmaları kronolojik sırayla aktarılmıştır. Anıtsal yapıların onarım ve restorasyonu konusunda ülkedeki koruma anlayışı ve bu doğrultuda gerçekleştirilen koruma faaliyetleri tartışılmakta, koruma alanında farklı dönemlerde yaşanılan önemli gelişmelerin Hunat Hatun Cami’nin değişim ve dönüşümüne etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bir anlamda onarım tarihi araştırması olarak değerlendirilebilecek çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise yapının geçirdiği koruma, onarım uygulamaları ve müdahaleler sonrasında güncel durumdaki özgünlük değeri sorgulanacak, benzer nitelikteki kültürel mirasımız için koruma yaklaşımı önerisi getirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Cinsiyetin Dindarlık Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Meta Analiz Çalışması
Authors: DOĞAN Murat , KARACA Faruk
Published: October 2021

Araştırmada Türkiye’de yapılan lisansüsü tezlerden hareketle cinsiyetin dindarlık üzerindeki etkisi meta analiz yöntemiyle ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanı taranmıştır. Tarama “dindarlık”, “dini inanç”, “dini yönelim”, “dini motivasyon”, “dini tutum” “religiosity”, “religious belief”, “religios oriention”, “religional motivations” ve “religious attitudes” anahtar kelimleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. 24 Şubat 2020 tarihinde yapılan son tarama işlemi sonucunda anahtar kelimeleri içeren 1790 lisansüstü teze ulaşılmıştır. Ardından çalışmalar araştırmacılar tarafından önceden belirlenen kriterlere göre ele alınmıştır. 168 çalışmanın meta analiz için uygun veri içerdiği görülmüştür. Ancak çalışmaların 9 tanesi iki farklı veri içerdiğinden her bir veri farklı bir çalışma olarak araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Böylece araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışma sayısı 177 olmuştur. Çalışmaların 131 tanesi yüksek lisans tezi, 36’sı doktora tezi bir tanesi ise tıpta uzmanlık tezidir. Araştırma örneklemi 42494’si kadın (%50,9), 40966’sı erkek (% 49,1) olmak üzere toplam 83460 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada etki büyüklüğü (Cohen d,) yayın yanlılığı ve heterojenlik testi The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software V.2 (CMA V.2 ) paket programı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Rastgele etkiler modelinde yapılan meta analiz sonucunda; Thalheimer ve Cook’un (2002) sınıflandırmasına göre, cinsiyetin dindarlık üzerinde kadınlar lehine önemsiz düzeyde anlamlı etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. (d= .064, p<.05). Araştırma sonuçları, ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Aristoteles'in Eylem Teorisinde Doğa, Toplum, Tanrı
Authors: DOĞAN Sedat
Published: October 2021

Aristoteles tevarüs ettiği teorik birikimi bilimsel bir duyarlılıkla işlevselleştirmek suretiyle özgün bir felsefe kavrayışı geliştiren ve özelde Batı düşünce geleneğine yeni bir rota çizen kurucu bir figürdür. Bu doğrultuda Metafizik’te felsefe tarihçisi kimliğiyle, tevarüs ettiği birikimi, geliştireceği bilimsel açıklamanın materyali olarak değerlendirmiştir. Böylece bu birikimi motifleyen üç farklı ilkeyi hiyerarşik bir birlik içinde yeniden tesis etmiştir. Bu girişim, ilgili birikimin otantik bağlamı içerisinde anlaşılmasını zorlaştırmakla birlikte, ilk defa Aristoteles’in geliştirmiş olduğu “bilimler sistemi olarak felsefe” kavrayışının inşası için işlevsel olmuştur. Temeli mantık, tematik yapısı ise bilimlerin sınıflandırması aracılığıyla kurulan bu sistemin açıklayıcı ilkeleri ise hiyerarşik bir birlik içinde bulunan indirgenemez üçlüdür. Bu üçlü literatürde genellikle retorik ve politika ile ilgili tartışmalarda “pathos, ethos, logos” üçlüsü olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Oysa farklı türevleri bulunan bu üçlü, terim veya fikir olarak Aristoteles’in tüm projesine yayılmakta ve projeyi karakterize etmektedir. Biz Aristoteles’in eylem teorisini dikkate alacağımız bu çalışmada ilgili üçlüyü, açıklanacak gerekçelerle, “doğal, toplumsal, Tanrısal” şeklinde kullanacağız. Eylem sorunu ilk bakışta genelde pratik felsefe, özelde ahlak felsefesiyle sınırlı düşünülmesine rağmen Aristoteles’te tüm disiplinlere yayılır ve ilgili teori de projenin bir prototipini yansıtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Aristoteles’in eylem teorisinin genel bir betimlemesi yoluyla, indirgenemez üçlünün Aristoteles felsefesini karakterize ettiği iddiasına katkı sağlamaktır. Bunun için Aristoteles’in eylem teorisini “eylemin doğası”, “yönelimsel güçler” ve “eylem motifleri” sorunları aracılığıyla tematik olarak ele alacağız. Göstermeye çalışacağız ki Aristoteles tevarüs ettiği birikimden farklı olarak felsefeyi bilimler sistemi olarak yeniden kurma girişiminde doğal, toplumsal ve Tanrısal olan arasında indirgemeci bir seçim yapmamakta; bir hiyerarşi kurmaktadır.
Modern ve Postmodern Kent Kurgusunda Turist Bakışına Terk Edilen Dini Yapılar
Authors: DERELİ Mustafa Derviş
Published: October 2021

Şehir/kent mimarisi ve tasarımı, geleneksel dönemlerden modern döneme değişim içerisindedir. Rönesans’ta temelleri atılan perspektifçilik fikriyle başlayan ve fotoğraf makinesinin icadıyla ivme kazanan göz merkezci dünya, şehir kurgusunda önemli değişiklikleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Ulaşım araçlarının gelişmesi ve fotoğrafın yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte seyahat anlayışında değişimler yaşanmış, insan hareketliliği küresel ölçekte artmıştır. Turizmin kurumsallaşmasının ve zaman içerisinde endüstrileşmesinin gereklerinden biri olarak turiste özgü yeni deneyim ve pratik alanları ortaya çıkmıştır. John Urry’nin kavramsallaştırdığı “turist bakışı”, turistik seyahatin en belirgin göstergelerinden biri olarak hazza ve tüketime teşne tabiatıyla diğer bakışlardan ayrılmıştır. İnsanın bakışına konu olabilecek her mekanı, alanı, hatta boşluğu turist bakışını temele alarak görsel anlamda yeniden düzenlemeye kendisini hasretmiş modern ve postmodern kent kurgusu, kutsal mekanları ve camii, medrese, külliye, türbe, kümbet gibi dini yapıları da turist bakışının konusu haline getirerek tekdüzeleştirmiştir. Betimleyici bir yöntemsel yaklaşımla sosyo-dini yapılarla turist bakışı arasındaki ilişkiyi konu edinen bu çalışma, mekanın yeniden üretimi ile gösterişçi tüketimi kıskacında gün geçtikçe hayatın çeperlerine itilen dini yapılara yönelik turist bakışının yansımalarını örnekler üzerinden konu edinmektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, turist bakışı merkeze alınarak gerçekleştirilen restorasyon, peyzaj ve rekreasyon çalışmalarının, dini yapıları kendi tarihlerinden, kimliklerinden uzaklaştırmakla ve daha da önemlisi yeni kuşaklar için bir yaşam alanı ve hafıza mekanı olma potansiyellerini tüketmekle karşı karşıya bıraktığına işaret etmektedir.
Study Coordination Design of Over Current Relay on The Kiln Area Electrical System
Authors: Putri Raihan , Juliadi Endri , Jannah Misbahul , Zubaidah Teti , Ramji D. R. , Al-Ani Waleed Khalid Ahmed
Published: October 2021

PT. Semen Padang is one of the largest cement producers in western Indonesia, along with the development of the cement industry PT. Semen Padang added a new Indarung VI factory to support the production process to meet market demand. With the addition of this new factory, a good safety design is needed in the design of the electrical system so that production continuity is not disturbed and reliability values are high. Therefore, over-current protection coordination studies are needed on the electrical system of the kiln area at Trafo 2 Indarung VI PT. Semen Padang to get a safe and reliable system. In the final task, this time will be done modeling, simulation of load flow and short circuit, calculation of relay settings, and simulation of coordination of overcurrent protection phase interference in the electrical system kiln area in Transformer 2 Factory Indarung VI PT. Semen Padang. The plot results of the coordination of the time flow curve obtained through the results of analysis and manual calculations recommended tuning pick-up overcurrent relayand grading time overcurrent relaytuning phase interference. Grading time between overcurrent relay is coordinated by 0.2 seconds. With the protection coordination setting, the electrical system of the kiln area at the Indarung VI factory PT. Semen Padang is safer and more reliable.
Clustering of lifestyle risk factors among Algerian adolescents: Comparison between urban and rural area
Authors: Yakti Fatima alzahra Hasan , Al-Mannai Hissa , Saad Dana , Kerkadi Abdelhamid , Attieh Grace , Bawadi Hiba
Published: October 2021

Background: Lifestyle behavior risk factors (LBRs) such as sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, smoking, unhealthy eating patterns and being overweight/obese play a major role in the development or prevention of NCDs. Objective: Compare the clustering of LBRs between urban and rural Algerian adolescents. We expect differences in LBRs between urban and rural area. Design: Data of this cross-sectional study was derived from GSHS. Self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was filled out by 4532 adolescents (11–16 years), which addressed LBRs of NCDs. LBRs clustering was measured by the ratios of observed (O) and expected (E) prevalence of one or more simultaneously occurring LBRs for urban and rural area separately. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association of LBRs as dependent variable with demographic variables (location, age, gender). Results: The most common LBR was physical inactivity (84.6%: 50.9% for urban and 49.1% for rural). Adolescents in urban area had a higher prevalence of two (56.8% vs. 43.2%) and three and more (61.3 vs. 38.7%) LBRs than rural. In urban area, a significant positive association was found between: (low fruits and vegetables + physical inactivity) [2.06 (1.61-2.64)] and (high SB + smoking) [2.10 (1.54-2.76)], while (physical inactivity + high SB) [0.70 (0.54-0.91)] showed a significant negative association. In rural area, (high SB + overweight/obesity) [1.49 (1.09-2.04)] had a significant positive association. While, (low fruits and vegetables + high SB) [0.75 (0.60-0.94)], (physical inactivity + high SB) [0.65 (0.49-0.86)] and (physical inactivity + smoking) [0.70 (0.49-0.99)] had a negative association. Conclusions: Several socio-demographic factors have been identified to play a role in LBRs clustering among Algerian adolescents. Results of the study suggest the development of intervention aiming to tackle different LBRs rather than focusing on a single LBR.
Sleeping Duration, Napping and Snoring in Association with Diabetes Control among Patients with Diabetes in Qatar
Authors: Al Mansoori Noof , Bawadi Hiba , Shi Zumin , Kerkadi Abdelhamid , Hamdan Aya , Al Sada Asma , Al Mannai Sharifa
Published: October 2021

Background: Poor glycemic control is associated with chronic life-threatening complications. Several studies have revealed that sleep status is associated with glycemic control. Aim: to examine the association between sleep duration, quality and glycemic control among adults with diabetes. Methods: Data on 2500 participants aged 18–60 years were collected from the Qatar Biobank (QBB). Sleep duration and quality were assessed by a self-completed health and lifestyle questionnaire, and glycemic control was assessed using HbA1c. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep duration, napping, snoring and poor glycemic control. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, sleep duration was not associated with poor glycemic control. Lack of association persisted after controlling for smoking, physical activity, education, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake, insulin and medication use. However, sleeping for long hours at night (8 h) had a trend in increasing the risk of poor glycemic control (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.94–1.74). Napping was positively associated with poor glycemic control. After adjusting for age and gender, patients who reported “sometimes, frequently, or always” napping had more than 30% increased risk of poor control as compared to patients who reported “never/rarely” napping. Snoring was not associated with poor glycemic control among the study sample when adjusted for age and gender (p = 0.61). Other factors were found to be associated with a better glycemic control such as female, high educational and high physical activity level. Conclusions: our results suggest that napping may be an independent risk factor for a poor glycemic control in diabetes. Further research is needed to establish the causal link between sleep and impaired glucose metabolism. These findings may open up new strategies for targeted intervention to improve the duration and quality of sleep.
Harm Perception and Attitudes towards E-cigarette Use Among Qatar University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kurdi Rana , Abdul Rahim Hanan , Al-Jayyousi Ghadir , Yaseen Manar , Ali Aetefeh , Mosleh Naema
Published: October 2021

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular worldwide especially among youth. Research reported that university students have poor knowledge and misconceptions about the health risks of e-cigarettes, which may lead students to use them even in populations where prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low. At this age, the influence of peers is also significant. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among Qatar University students using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate analysis of all variables was conducted as well as a bivariate analysis to check the association of e-cigarette use with selected variables. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was found to be 14% where 32% of them were daily users. Approximately 42% of the participants agreed that ‘e-cigarettes are less harmful to health compared to traditional cigarettes, and 45.7% of them agreed that ‘e-cigarettes can prevent smoking traditional cigarettes. The prevalence of e-cigarettes use was 16.2% among males and 12.8% among females, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. Females were more likely to use e-cigarettes because they “don’t smell” (P-value=0.023). The study showed a significant association between e-cigarette use and knowledge items (P-value < 0.05) and having a smoker among siblings or friends. At the multivariate analysis level, only the friends’ effect remained significant after controlling for the other variables (OR= 7.3, P-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our research found that university students have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions in regards to e-cigarettes use, especially among users. Effective smoking prevention policy and educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness among university students about the health effects associated with e-cigarettes use.
Proteome changes in autosomal recessive primary microcephaly
Authors: Ferih Khaled Ramadan , Elsabagh Ahmed Adel , Zaqout Sami Ismail , Krajewski Angelika
Published: October 2021

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) consists of a group of disorders characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability. This study is essential to complement previous findings of MCPH as it helps clarify the role of different genes and proteins involved in the underlying pathophysiology of MCPH. To date, 27 different mutations have been identified. This study defines a number of changes in gene expression occurring in MCPH. This helps deepen our understanding of the effect of MCPH mutations on gene expression. This study also shows the functions of proteins that increase, are unaffected or become dysfunctional due to MCPH. We identified a marked reduction of about 30 proteins with vital roles in several processes including cell cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle progression, ciliary functions, and apoptosis. We used Cdk5rap2 (Hartwig’s anemia mice (an/an)), which is a model that closely represents MCPH3. Gel electrophoresis was utilized in order to separate brain proteins. Fixation and protein identification was then done in order to detect changes in the level of the tested proteins
Profile Of Oxidative Stress Genes In Response To Obesity Treatment
Authors: Ahmed Amira , Farah Huda , Ahmed Omnia , Elsayegh Dina , Elgamal Abdelrahman , Rizk Nasser Moustafa
Published: October 2021

Background: Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidants defense in the body. Previous studies demonstrated the correlation of OS to the increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity. Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive compound, can protect against inflammation and OS, thus an effective anti-obesity supplement. Aim: This study explores the impact of SNF on OS in diet induced obese (DIO) mice via profiling of OS genes and pathways in skeletal muscles related to the anti-obesity effect. Methods: Wild-type CD1 male mice and the knockout of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (NrF2) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks; to induce obesity. Subsequently, each group was subdivided into two subgroups and received either Vehicle (25μl) or SFN (5 mg/kg BW) for four weeks. Body weight was measured daily, and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed after 21 days of treatment. Afterward, mice were decapitated, blood and tissue samples were collected and snap-frozen immediately. Total RNA was extracted from Skeletal muscle and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), leptin expression was measured in (eWAT), and 84 OS genes in skeletal muscle were examined using RT-PCR. Results: Significant reduction in body weight in SFN treated WT mice, while no change in KO mice. Plasma glucose, leptin, and leptin gene expression (eWAT) were significantly reduced in the WT-DIO SFN treated group, while no changes were detected in KO mice. SFN decreases OS damage in skeletal muscles, such as lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SFN had lowered body weight in WT-DIO mice by decreasing OS damage in skeletal muscles through the NrF2 pathway and can be a potential anti-obesity drug.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY ON THE TRANSFER OF AGRICULTURAL LAND FUNCTIONS TO RESIDENTIAL AREA IN WEST LOMBOK REGENCY
Authors: Salmah Emi , Sahri  , Hakim Lukman , Masrun  , Suprianto  , Kafrawi
Published: October 2021

In certain cases, the conversion of paddy fields is unavoidable. Nevertheless, the change in land use must consider various aspects of the feasibility of development, both legal aspects, physical aspects of the area, the environment and others.The objectives are to, analyze the implementation of the policy on the transfer of agricultural land into residential areas, and analyze the factors that support and hinder the implementation of the policy. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative, using primary and secondary data. Data collection methods are interviews, in-depth (Indep interview) and direct discussion or Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation and literature review.

The results of the study indicate that the activity of land conversion into a residential area in West Lombok Regency has been guided by the Regional Regulation and Regional Spatial Planning (RSP) No. 11 / 2011. The use of agricultural land for residential areas has been regulated in the determination of the spatial pattern of residential areas in urban areas. and rural areas, the inhibiting factor in implementing the land use change policy is the absence of a detailed regional spatial planning plan and the limited number of field officers. The supporting factors are the Regional Spatial Planning Coordination Team, which is coordinated by the Regional Secretary. The recommendation given is to immediately issue a Detailed Spatial Plan so that there is an even distribution of housing areas. It is necessary to make a regional regulation that specifically examines and regulates the conversion of land functions.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPANY SIZE, MANAGERIAL OWNERSHIP, PROFITABILITY, AND INFORMATION ASYMMETRY ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN LEADING MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Reschiwati  , Ayu Lestari Nola Puri
Published: October 2021

This study aims to empirically test whether Company Size, Managerial Ownership, Profitability and Information Asymmetry have an effect on Earnings Management (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies listed in LQ 45 Period 2016-2020). Sampling using purposive sampling technique. From a population of 45 companies, based on the criteria, 10 companies were selected as samples. Data processing using panel data regression method. Based on the selection of the model, the Random effect was chosen as the analysis model to be used. Data analyzed using EViews 9.0 programs. The results of this study indicate that the variables of company size, managerial ownership, and information asymmetry have a significant effect on earnings management, and profitability has no significant effect on earnings management.
INTRODUCING EXHALED HUMAN BREATH WATER VAPOR AS PROPOSED MECHANISM INFLUENCING SUPERFICIAL CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING
Authors: Embi Abraham A.
Published: October 2021

The concept that moist wounds heal faster than dry wounds was introduced in 1962. Most recently, in 1990 the concept was revisited with the introduction of a highly permeable wound dressing exposed to water vapors. The latter allows for water as a humidifying agent. Ideally, acceleration of superficial wound healing had been accomplished by the introduction of a highly water vapor permeable wound dressing. The breathable property allows for water vapor to interact with already present fibrin(ogen) material in blood clots. This manuscript adds a mechanism for the ultimate undisturbed success in cutaneous wound healing, being the dependency on a continuos supply of water vapor. In vitro experiments are introduced showing the cessation of exhaled human breath vapor onto a dry human blood smear as the end point of said interaction. Additionally the experiments were reproduced by exposing the blood smears to steam (water vapor) generated by machinery. In conclusion, exhaled human breath water vapor blown onto a blood clot has the same effect as water vapor emitted by machinery boiling water. Both causing a disappearance of the clot organized fibrin strands into a semisolid gelatinous state. Additionally, discontinuation of the water vapor infusion is also documented triggering a return of organized fibrin strands, albeit of greater intensity.
RELATIONS OF SECONDARY STUDENTS’ INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND ASPIRATIONS WITH THEIR SELF-CONCEPT IN SCIENCE
Authors: Narangoda N.W.L. , Chandrasena W.D. , Madawala H.M.S.P.
Published: October 2021

Science is a critical area as it focuses on meeting basic human needs by laying the necessary foundation in everybody in diverse fields. Thus, science impacts everybody in the world and science education demonstrate utmost important. If students have intrinsic motivation, they are well engaged, enquiring, attentive and willing to participate in learning process and the intrinsically motivated behaviors help them acquire knowledge and experience regarding science. Educational aspirations, career aspirations and self-concept promote for better science education. Thus, the present study aimed to address the relations of secondary students’ intrinsic motivation and aspiration with their self-concept in science. This is a mixed methods study and sample comprised 2384 students in Grade 8 and Grade 9. In this study, an intervention was implemented to explore students’ intrinsic motivation, aspirations and self-concept using appropriate teaching methodologies and strategies;  results reveal that, there were strong positive relationships of students’ intrinsic motivation and aspirations with their self-concept (r2= .934;.926 respectively) in the experimental group. However, there were very low positive relationships of students’ intrinsic motivation and aspirations with their self-concept (r2 = .093; .058 respectively) in the control group. Further, there were significant differences of students’ intrinsic motivation, aspirations and self-concept before and after the intervention in the experimental group; t=51.926(1232) p=.000; t= 48.513(1232) p=.000; t= 53.689(1232) p=.000 respectively. There was no such significant difference of the above, before and after the intervention in the control group; t=-.5(1150) p=.323; t=-.989(1150) p=.116; t= 1.572 (1150), p=.617 respectively. The findings of the study provided greater understanding of the above relations, develop suitable teaching and learning methodologies and inform the practice of science education.
Silica-Supported Sulfuric Acid as Doping Agent in Synthesis of a New Composite of Poly(o-methoxyaniline) Under Solid-State Condition
Authors: Modarresi-Alam Ali Reza , Shariati Ilnaz
Published: October 2021

The objective of this research is the synthesis and characterization of the novel composite of poly(o-methoxyaniline)/silica-supported sulfuric acid (POMA-SSSA). The synthesis is done by doping of poly (o-methoxyaniline) emeraldine base in the presence of silica-supported sulfuric acid (SiO2-H2SO4, SSSA) under solid-state (solvent-free) conditions. Herein, poly(o-methoxyaniline) emeraldine salt (POMA-SA) is prepared simply by mixing the base form with H2SO4 in solid-state. The doping process is verified by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. It is shown that the polymers and composites have maximum doping and the doping counter ion in POMA-SA and POMA-SSSA-bw (before work-up) is HSO4– and in the POMA-SSSA-aw (after work-up) is SO42-. The prepared composites show good conductivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that POMA molecules thoroughly have coated the surface of silica. Moreover, the morphology studies of composites show a smooth surface and sheet-like layer that have covered the particles within the range of 0.5 to 1 μm.
Examining the COVID-19 Response of Canadian Grantmaking Foundations: Possibilities, Tensions, and Long-Term Implications
Authors: Saifer Adam , G. Sidorovska Isidora , Litalien Manuel , Jean-Marc Fontan
Published: November 2021

This article explores how Canadian philanthropic foundations with social justice mandates responded to the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic by loosening restrictions for grantees; collaborating on new initiatives; elevating grassroots knowledge; and balancing short- and long-term priorities. This response, however, revealed a series of tensions in the dominant pre-COVID-19 philanthropic model—specifically, as a mechanism to address the social, econ- omic, and ecological crises that predate COVID-19. The early pandemic response of grantmaking foundations can there- fore serve as a model for what a more democratic, agile, collaborative, and justice-oriented philanthropic sector can look like.
RÉSUMÉ
Cet article examine la réponse de fondations philanthropiques canadiennes aux enjeux de justice sociale pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Elles l’ont fait en assouplissant les exigences exigées aux donataires; en collaborant autour de nouvelles initiatives; en priorisant l’expertise des communautés; et en équilibrant les priorités à long et à court terme. Cette réponse révèle les tensions inhérentes au modèle classique de l’action philanthropique, particulièrement dans les façons de répondre aux crises sociales, économiques et écologiques. La réponse actuelle fournit des bases solides pour repenser le modèle d’action du secteur philanthropique subventionnaire afin qu’il soit plus démocratique, plus collaboratif et plus axé sur la justice.
National Nonprofit Sector Advocacy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Barr Cathy , Johnson Bernadette
Published: November 2021

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Canada in March 2020, charitable and nonprofit sector leaders quickly realized the survival of many organizations was at risk. Three national coalitions formed to seek support for the sector from the federal government. Their efforts produced several concrete policy outcomes, including the inclusion of charities and nonprofits in all major federal relief programs and two support programs designed for charities and nonprofits. They also contributed to significantly increased awareness among policymakers of the role and challenges of charities and nonprofits. This has opened a policy window that the sector can use to advance several long-standing goals.
RÉSUMÉ
Quand la pandémie du COVID-19 a frappé le Canada en mars 2020, les dirigeants du secteur caritatif et sans but lucratif se sont vite rendu compte que la survie de plusieurs organismes était menacée. On a donc formé trois coalitions nationales afin de chercher un appui au secteur auprès du gouvernement fédéral. Les efforts de ces coalitions ont mené à plusieurs politiques concrètes, y compris l’inclusion d’organismes de bienfaisance et sans but lucratif dans tous les programmes d’aide fédéraux majeurs et la création de deux programmes d’aide conçus spécifiquement pour les organismes de bien- faisance et sans but lucratif. Ces coalitions ont aussi contribué à accroître de manière significative la conscience parmi les stratèges du rôle et des défis des organismes de bienfaisance et sans but lucratif. Ces progrès ont créé des occasions politiques dont le secteur pourra profiter pour faire avancer plusieurs objectifs de longue date.
Featured Research Images
Authors: Bui An , Fowlow Corrina
Published: October 2021

Featured on this issue's front and back covers, we have "Neutrophils block brain capillaries in the penumbra region of the ischemic mouse model with a 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion" created by An Bui and "A consortium of types of macrophages in brain tissue of a meningioma patient" created by Corrina Fowlow.
Critical discourse analysis in patriarchal society: Covid-19 and increased women workload
Authors: Nahdi Khirjan , Taufiq Muh. , Yunitasari Dukha , Lutfi Samsul , Suhartiwi Suhartiwi , Usuludin Usuludin , Amrulloh Roni
Published: November 2021

By utilizing discursive theory, social actors, and sociosemantics, this study aims to find the increase in women's working hours, reasons, and causality between working hours, types of work, and their respective recognition in social relations. The study used a qualitative descriptive method, with research data focusing on the context before and during COVID-19. Data were collected through online surveys and interviews. Data analysis was carried out based on sociosemantic analysis in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), starting with calculating working time, reasons, and causality according to the CDA. The research findings show that women's working hours when COVID-19 has increased accumulatively. The accumulative increase relates to all types of work when COVID-19 requires women's access. Respondents admitted that everything was done as a custom for reasons of fate, obligations and traditions. It can be concluded that, there is a causality between working hours, type of work and respondents' reasons that prevalence occurs due to cognitive involvement, religion, and tradition. CDA views the context of this imbalance in this relationship as a social problem. Problem solving according to the CDA can be done through an educational process, with the assumption of solving problems for the future.
Indo-Pasifik dalam perspektif geopolitik dan geostrategi
Authors: Pedrason Rodon
Published: November 2021

Indo-Pacific cannot be interpreted as a form of integration based on a region or regional areas such as Asia, or Southeast Asia, and Europe, which is based on the geographical shape of the region. The Indo-Pacific emerged as part of a geopolitical and geostrategic study based on competition patterns and state perspectives and behavior based on a broader scope of maritime interests. Indo-Pacific analysis as an object from a geopolitical and geostrategic perspective does not refer to national or regional coverage but to the global area and level. Therefore, the Indo-Pacific analysis used document analysis. In document analysis, this study combines the analysis of three primary data and 50 secondary data from national journals and international journals. In this analysis more directed at the strategic meaning of each country towards the Indo-Pacific strategic value which is then related to the maritime interests of each actor. This study describes the struggles of interests in the framework of competition through geopolitical policies and geostrategy, especially by countries that have influence. Global or the ability to shape political and security structures in the Indo-Pacific.