bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delineation of ADPRHL2 Variants: Report of Two New Patients with Review of the Literature
Authors: Öz Yıldız Sibel , Yalnızoğlu Dilek , Şimsek Kiper Pelin Özlem , Göçmen Rahşan , Soğukpınar Merve , Utine Gülen Eda , Haliloğlu Göknur
Published: February 2024

ADPRHL2 is involved in posttranslational modification and is known to have a role in physiological functions such as cell signaling, DNA repair, gene control, cell death, and response to stress. Recently, a group of neurological disorders due to ADPRHL2 variants is described, characterized by childhood-onset, stress-induced variable movement disorders, neuropathy, seizures, and neurodegenerative course. We present the diagnostic pathway of two pediatric patients with episodic dystonia and ataxia, who later had a neurodegenerative course complicated by central hypoventilation syndrome due to the same homozygous ADPRHL2 variant. We conducted a systematic literature search and data extraction procedure following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 statement in terms of patients with ADPRHL2 variants, from 2018 up to 3 February, 2023. In total, 12 articles describing 47 patients were included in the final analysis. Median age at symptom onset was 2 (0.7–25) years, with the most common presenting symptoms being gait problems (n = 19, 40.4%), seizures (n = 16, 34%), ataxia (n = 13, 27.6%), and weakness (n = 10, 21.2%). Triggering factors (28/47; 59.5%) and regression (28/43; 60.4%), axonal polyneuropathy (9/23; 39.1%), and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy with white matter changes (28/36; 77.7%) were the other clues. The fatality rate and median age of death were 44.6% (n = 21) and 7 (2–34) years, respectively. ADPRHL2 variants should be considered in the context of episodic, stress-induced pediatric and adult-onset movement disorders and seizures.
STAC3-related myopathy: A Report of a Cohort of Seven Saudi Arabian Patients
Authors: Almomen Momen , Amer Fawzia , Alfaraj Fatima , Burgon Patrick G. , Bashir Shahid , Alghamdi Fouad
Published: February 2024

Aim The study aims to review all the genetically confirmed STAC3-related myopathy being followed in a single center in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology A retrospective review of all genetically confirmed STAC3-related myopathy followed in our clinic has been conducted.

Results 7 patients with STAC3-related myopathy have been found in our cohort, with all the patients presenting with infantile hypotonia, myopathic facies, and muscle weakness in the first year of life. Feeding difficulties and failure to thrive were found in all patients except one who died during the neonatal period. Respiratory muscle involvement was also found in 5 out of 6 formally tested patients while cleft palate was found in 5 patients.

Conclusion STAC3-related myopathy is a relatively rare, malignant hyperthermia (MH)--causing muscle disease described in specific, highly consanguineous populations. Making the diagnosis in myopathic patients with cleft palate preoperatively can prevent MH-induced, anesthesia-related perioperative complications.
Intimate Partner Violence Detected during Abortion-Related Visits: A Systematic Review of Screenings and Interventions
Authors: Sabloak Thwisha , Ryan Isa , Nahi Skylar , Eucalitto Patrick , Simon Melissa A. , Premkumar Ashish
Published: February 2024

Objective To perform a systematic review of screening tools and interventions focused on reducing adverse health outcomes associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) at abortion-related visits.

Study Design Studies were eligible if they included individuals seeking pregnancy options health care services in the United States, screening for or implementation of an intervention for IPV, and were published in English after the year 2000. The primary outcomes were to summarize screening tools, interventions studied, and if interventions led to individuals being connected to IPV-related resources. Secondary outcomes included patient responses to the IPV-related interventions and any other outcomes reported by the studies (PROSPERO #42021252199).

Results Among 4,205 abstracts identified, nine studies met inclusion criteria. The majority (n = 6) employed the ARCHES (Addressing Reproductive Coercion in Health Settings) tool for identification of IPV. Interventions included provider-facilitated discussions of IPV, a safety card with information about IPV and community-based resources, and referral pathways to directly connect patients with support services. For the primary outcome, IPV-related interventions were shown to better inform patients of available IPV-related resources as compared to no intervention at all. For the secondary outcomes, screening and intervening on IPV were associated with improvements in patient perception of provider empathy (i.e., caring about safety) and safer responses by patients to unhealthy relationships.

Conclusion Screening for and intervening on IPV at abortion-related visits are associated with positive outcomes for patient safety and the patient–provider relationship. However, data on effective tools for identifying and supporting these patients are extremely limited. This review emphasizes the unmet need for implementation and evaluation of IPV-specific interventions during abortion-related clinical encounters.

Key Points
Should Ocular Hemorrhage Screening Be Conducted in Newborns with Acidosis?
Authors: Unal Sezin , Kara Caner , Demirel Nihal , Petriçli Seza , Kavurt Sumru , Uzlu Elif , Durukan Mehtap , Bas Ahmet Yagmur
Published: February 2024

Objective Ocular hemorrhages (OHs) may cause visual disturbances and incidence vary from 18 to 39% in newborns. Precipitated/instrumental delivery and perinatal asphyxia were predefined risk factors. Acidosis can interfere with coagulation and disrupt the pressure of ocular capillaries and put infants with moderate acidosis with or without hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy at risk for OH. We aimed to evaluate the OH in neonates with fetal acidosis.

Study Design Neonates >34 weeks are included if pH < 7.10 and BE <  −12 mmol/L within the first hour. Ophthalmologic examinations for retinal (RH), vitreous, and anterior chamber (hyphema) hemorrhage were done within the third day. RH was staged according to Egge's classification. Follow-up of the patients was continued until the age of 2. Clinical characteristics of newborns were analyzed.

Results Sixty-two neonates (38 ± 2.3 weeks, 2,971 ± 612 g) were included. pH = 6.91 ± 0.16, BE = − 17.2 ± 5.3 mmol/L. OH was found in 22 (36.7%) neonates (hyphema n = 2, vitreous n = 2, RH n = 21). Thirty-eight eyes with RH were staged (Stage 3: n = 15 [39.5%]; Stage 2: n =11 [28.9%]; Stage 1: n = 12 [31.6%]). Vaginal delivery (OR: 4.9, 95% CI [1.4–17.8]) and advanced resuscitation at the delivery room (OR: 8.8; 95% CI [1.9–41.7]) were found to increase the risk of RH.

Conclusion Approximately one-third of neonates with moderate to severe acidosis exhibited RH when examined on the third day. Contrary to previous studies that reported mild RH in otherwise healthy neonates, our findings revealed that neonates with moderate to severe acidosis predominantly presented with Stage 3 RH. While the higher incidence of RH in vaginally delivered infants is consistent with previous studies, the identification of advanced resuscitation as a risk factor is a new addition to the literature. The findings in our study highlight the importance of retinal examination in neonates with acidosis in the presence of intubation during resuscitation.

Key Points
Frust bei DKG: „Der Reformprozess steckt in einer Sackgasse“
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Eine Auswirkungsanalyse kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die vom Bund vorgeschlagene Vorhaltepauschale alle Ziele verfehlt. DKG-Chef Dr. Gerald Gaß lehnt die geplante Vorhaltefinanzierung entschieden ab.
Gesundheitsmanagementkongress: Den Umbruch aktiv gestalten
Authors: Bracht Matthias
Published: February 2024

Der Systemumbruch ist notwendig, und der Handlungsdruck wird immer größer: Fachkräftemangel, Fallzahlrückgang und unsichere Finanzierungsregelungen führen die Leistungserbringer an ihre Grenzen.
Ärzteschaft: Generelle Versorgungsengpässe im ÄBD
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: February 2024

Das Bundessozialgericht hat Ende Oktober 2023 einen jahrelangen Rechtsstreit über den Sozialversicherungsstatus von sogenannten Poolärzten im Notdienst beendet. Wenngleich ein Zahnarzt aus Baden-Württemberg geklagt hatte, befürchteten viele auch Konsequenzen für die gesamte medizinische Versorgung. Ein Fazit nach den ersten Monaten.
Deutschlands modernste ZNA: Vom Problemfall zum Vorzeigeobjekt
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: February 2024

Während alle auf die überfällige Notfallreform warten, ist man am Carl-Thiem-Klinikum in Cottbus schon weiter. In dem südbrandenburgischen Krankenhaus wird aktuell die modernste Notaufnahme Deutschlands aufgebaut. Überfüllte Warteräume oder das Abmelden der Notaufnahme gehören dort der Vergangenheit an. Ein Vor-Ort-Besuch.
Klinikinsolvenzen 2023: Das dicke Ende kommt erst noch
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: February 2024

In den vergangenen Monaten häuften sich Insolvenzmeldungen von Krankenhäusern, die Defizite in Milliardenhöhe sind rasant gestiegen. Mit 29 Insolvenzen fällt die Bilanz des abgelaufenen Jahres ernüchternd aus, die Prognosen für das angelaufene Jahr 2024 sind noch düsterer. Einen pauschalen finanziellen Ausgleich für die aktuellen Verluste lehnt das BMG jedoch weiterhin ab.
Wirtschaftlichkeit: Jeder für sich allein
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: February 2024

Vor allem auf dem Land spielen Grundversorgerkrankenhäuser freigemeinnütziger Träger eine wichtige Rolle für die Versorgung. Das gilt auch für die Kliniken des Deutschen Roten Kreuzes (DRK). Doch der wirtschaftliche Druck auf die Häuser nimmt zu.
Visual Patient Avatar: Aus dem Cockpit in den OP
Authors: Hollmig Luisa-Maria
Published: February 2024

Am Universitätsklinikum Bonn kommt ein Visual Patient Avatar im OP zum Einsatz. Komplexe Daten werden dank visueller Übersetzung schneller erfassbar und dienen zur klinischen Entscheidungsunterstützung. Entwickelt wurde das Produkt in der Schweiz – inspiriert von der Luftfahrt.
Lichtblick: Mit Hypnose zur Narkose
Authors: Hohnstein Aileen
Published: February 2024

Dieser Artikel ist nur als PDF-Dokument verfügbar.
Zur mittelalterlichen Herkunft einiger Theoreme in der modernen Aristoteles-Interpretation
Authors: Sonderegger Erwin
Published: February 2024

Die Rezeption der Texte von Aristoteles in verschiedenen Welten hat zu Umformungen geführt, von denen manche noch heute als Meinung des Aristoteles selbst behauptet werden. Wenn es möglich ist, diese aus verschiedenen Welten herkommenden Umgestaltungen ausdrücklich zu machen, können sie methodisch ausgeschaltet werden. Beispiele solcher Sedimente der Rezeption betreffen zentrale Themen, beispielsweise, dass Aristoteles eine Substanz-Metaphysik entwickelt habe, aus welcher letztlich eine theologische Ausrichtung oder mindestens ein theologischer Höhepunkt folge. Dass dies eine der Wirkungen der durch verschiedene pseudo-aristotelische Texte bestimmten Rezeption ist, wird heute kaum mehr wahrgenommen, weil die moderne Lektüre des Corpus Aristotelicum schon entsprechend gesteuert ist.
Die vorliegende Studie versucht an Hand der Kommentare von Albertus Magnus und von Thomas von Aquin zu Metaphysik XII diese Wirkung der Rezeption zu belegen. Ein Nebenprodukt der Arbeit besteht in der Einsicht in den Paradigmenwechsel in der Theologie bei den zwei Genannten.

The reception of Aristotle’s texts in different worlds has led to transformations, some of which are still claimed today as the opinions of Aristotle himself. If it is possible to make these transformations coming from different worlds explicit, they can be methodically eliminated. Examples of such reception sediments concern central themes, for example that Aristotle developed a metaphysics of substance, from which a theological orientation or at least a theological climax ultimately follows. The fact that this is one of the effects of the reception determined by various pseudo-Aristotelian texts is hardly noticed today because the modern reading of the Corpus Aristotelicum is already steered accordingly.
The present study attempts to demonstrate this effect of reception using the commentaries of Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas on Metaphysics XII. A by-product of the work is the insight into the paradigm shift in theology among the two mentioned.
Global Justice and the Biodiversity Crisis
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: February 2024

The world is currently facing a biodiversity crisis that existing conservation policies have failed to arrest. Policymakers, academics, and the public are coming to recognize that much more ambitious conservation policies are in order. But biodiversity conservation raises major issues of global justice—even if the connection between conservation and global justice is too seldom made. The lion’s share of conservation funding is spent in the global North, even though most biodiversity exists in the global South, and even though local people can often scarcely afford to make sacrifices in the interests of biodiversity conservation. Many responses to the biodiversity crisis threaten to exacerbate existing global injustices, to lock people into poverty, and to exploit the world’s poor. At the extreme, policies aimed at protecting biodiversity have also been associated with exclusion, dispossession, and violence. This book investigates how biodiversity might be conserved without producing global injustice. It distinguishes policies that are likely to exacerbate global injustice and policies that promise to reduce them. It explains how the struggle to formulate and implement just conservation policies is vital to our planet’s future.
Biodiversity, justice, and animals
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: February 2024

This chapter begins by showing why biodiversity conservation raises very important questions of global justice: because global inequality drives biodiversity loss, because biodiversity loss causes global injustice, and because responses to biodiversity loss will produce further global injustice unless formulated carefully and with clear normative guidance. For all of those reasons, the biodiversity crisis should play a much more central role within debates on global justice than it has to date. The chapter then goes on to sketch several prominent views on justice towards non-human animals. Rather than choosing between them, the aim is to show that, on any of these views, we have further reasons for caring about the biodiversity crisis. For the crisis threatens not only human interests, but those of the many other animals with whom we share the planet.
Theorizing biodiversity conservation
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: February 2024

This chapter clarifies the concepts of conservation and biodiversity as they are employed in this book. It then offers a pluralist account of our (justice-based) reasons for biodiversity conservation and explains how this is grounded in the interests of both humans and non-human animals, as well as in the intrinsic value of biodiversity. The chapter goes on to clarify the relationship between biodiversity conservation and some other environmentalist goals with which it is sometimes conflated. It shows that biodiversity conservation is not the same as conserving the wild, or nature, or abundance.
Sharing the burdens
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: February 2024

Chapter 3 investigates how the various burdens of biodiversity conservation ought to be shared among people. It begins by illustrating the heterogeneity of conservation burdens, and describes the wide variety of levels and actors to which they could be assigned. It then shows how these burdens could in principle be allocated. It defends an account that foregrounds the ‘contribution to the problem’ and ‘ability to pay’ principles. At the same time, it also shows how patterns of benefitting can be relevant when we come to appraise people’s failure to meet their conservation-related duties.
Justice and biodiversity offsetting
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: February 2024

This chapter explores the role that offsetting can play in biodiversity conservation. It begins by defining how offsetting works and discusses how it is a form of trading. The chapter continues by outlining the moral case for biodiversity offsetting. It then shows that offsetting can serve to give legitimacy to serious harms that affect both human and non-human animals. Further, it then explores the worry that it can undermine commitment to more robust measures to preserve biodiversity. Finally, it explains how, in light of these dangers, the remarkable proliferation of biodiversity offsetting schemes in conservation practice should be of serious concern.
Half Earth and beyond
Authors: Armstrong Chris
Published: February 2024

This chapter begins by discussing perhaps the most notable attempt to provide a large-scale, coordinated ‘solution’ to the biodiversity crisis: the Half Earth proposal. It offers an analysis of the moral costs that are likely to accompany any attempt to implement Half Earth, and suggests that the proposal, if enacted, would cause significant global injustice unless accompanied by robust side policies at the very least. This justifies a search for alternative policies that might deliver similar conservation outcomes, but with lower moral costs. The chapter provides an alternative package of policies which holds considerable promise and involves substantial legal protection for the land claims of indigenous and other marginalized peoples. It also includes a set of structural reforms in the global economy—including debt forgiveness and the removal of harmful subsidies among other policies—which, taken together, could make significant progress in tackling the biodiversity crisis while helping, rather than hindering, wider projects of global justice.
Second Debate
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: February 2024

This debate—set in an ending world where humanity faces unavoidable extinction in two hundred years—asks how imminent extinction would impact familiar debates between theism and atheism. The debate pits the Theist who believes in the God of traditional Western monotheism against two atheist opponents who reject all gods, supernatural beings, and supernatural explanations: the Post-Cataclysm Pessimist insists that imminent extinction strengthens the case for atheism; while the Presentist argues that we have never needed God to make our lives meaningful. The Theist argues that imminent human extinction breathes new life into Kantian, moral, pragmatic, or practical arguments for belief in God and personal immortality. Without an indefinite human future, we can only live meaningful lives by positing God, objective value, and personal immortality. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe in God, objective value, and immortality. By contrast, the Post-Cataclysm Pessimist argues that the Cataclysm supports atheist arguments from evil and scale and weakens theist cosmological and teleological arguments. Unavoidable extinction is simply not the kind of thing that an omnipotent benevolent God would permit. The debate also explores connections between cosmic purpose and objective value, and the significance of extra-terrestrial life. The final section explores alternatives to atheism and theism, including ananthropocentric purposivism (where the universe has a purpose, but human beings are irrelevant or incidental to that purpose).
Lecture One
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: February 2024

This lecture—delivered in an ending world where humanity faces unavoidable extinction in two hundred years—introduces the multigenerationalist claim that, in a slowly ending world, the present generation should devote themselves to initiating terminal intergenerational projects, especially those that aim to reorient current future-dependent traditions and practices in ways that enable those traditions and practices to still provide meaning even in the last generation. While multigenerationalism is a thesis in normative ethics—a claim about what people ought to do in a particular situation—it is related to claims about meaningfulness, value, obligations, and reasons. This lecture explores a range of arguments for multigenerationalism based on meaningfulness, intergenerational obligations, rectification for historical injustice, and procreative permissibility. It argues that multigenerational projects and reorientations are necessary for anyone to enjoy a meaningful life, and that procreation is only permissible if such projects succeed. Multigenerational projects are also something that we owe to other people—and especially to past and future people—because intergenerational cooperation is necessary for anyone’s life to be meaningful. While these arguments are explored in the context of imminent human extinction, they also apply to any situation where human beings seek meaning in a world facing an uncertain future.
Lecture Three
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: February 2024

This lecture—delivered in an ending world where humanity faces unavoidable extinction in two hundred years—explores Rivka Weinberg’s contractualist procreative ethical principles, and applies them to a slowly ending world. Weinberg’s approach is outlined in detail, and compared to John Rawls’s original contractualism and to the approaches of Elizabeth Harman and Melinda Roberts addressed in Lecture Two. To apply Weinberg’s procreative principles in a slowly ending world, the lecture first asks what Weinberg would say about voluntary imminent extinction, and whether multigenerationalist motivations could supplement Weinberg’s original focus on parent–child relationships. It then considers two related objections to Weinberg’s view: that it either forbids procreation altogether or collapses into incoherence. The latter objection leads to questions about the relationship between Weinberg’s contractualism and the multigenerationalist approach defended elsewhere in this book, and about Weinberg’s underlying Rawlsian contractualist framework. Finally, the lecture asks whether Weinberg can meet challenges from anti-natalists and multigenerationalists. A theme of this lecture is that permissible procreation in an ending world requires active cooperation with future people—and not merely passive promotion of their well-being.
Lecture Four
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: February 2024

This lecture—delivered in an ending world where humanity faces unavoidable extinction in two hundred years—explores Tim Mulgan’s collective consequentialist future ethics, and applies it to a slowly ending world. Mulgan’s approach is outlined in detail, and compared to the approaches of Elizabeth Harman, Melinda Roberts, and Rivka Weinberg addressed in Lectures Two and Three. The lecture outlines the collective consequentialist approach, drawing on work by Brad Hooker. It argues that moderate, liberal Collective Consequentialism copes with imminent extinction better than demanding act consequentialism. The lecture explores overlaps between contractualism and consequentialism and non-consequentialism in procreative ethics. It argues that the Multigenerationalist approach defended elsewhere in the book is consistent with, and supported by, both consequentialism and contractualism. When applying collective consequentialism to the slowly ending world, the lecture concentrates on the relationship between the penultimate and last generations. It argues that collective consequentialism must be re-imagined before it can apply to the last generation, and that collective consequentialism offers plausible advice to the penultimate generation from a distinctive moderate consequentialist perspective. The lecture ends by arguing that collective consequentialism and multigenerationalism are mutually supporting.
Lecture Six
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: February 2024

This lecture—delivered in an ending world where humanity faces unavoidable extinction in two hundred years—begins with a typology of possible utopias in a slowly ending world. It then explores a diverse range of utopian projects designed for a world facing imminent human extinction. These include ambitious final generation utopias based on John Rawls’s liberal egalitarianism and Robert Nozick’s libertarianism; ecological utopias designed to give non-human nature a good ending; and pluralist religious utopias encompassing a wide range of religious experiments. These utopias are all inspired, in part, by the difficulties of imagining a coherent intergenerational utopia. If a perfectly just society can only last a single generation, then perhaps the true utopia can only exist at humanity’s end. The lecture argues that earlier generations can find life meaningful by working together to pave the way for these final generation utopias.
Third Debate
Authors: Mulgan Tim
Published: February 2024

This debate—set in an ending world where humanity faces unavoidable extinction in two hundred years—explores experience machines, virtual reality, and the value of connections to reality, freedom, and other people. It asks whether the last humans should abandon the real world altogether and spend their entire lives plugged into Nozickean experience machines that perfectly simulate any possible human experience. The Presentist argues that hedonist defenses of virtuality remain powerful, while familiar objections lose their force in the face of imminent extinction. The Post-Cataclysm Pessimist replies that the deficiencies of virtual worlds are more apparent in an ending world where people are more aware of the importance of connections to reality, other people, and the future. The Theist argues that virtual worlds are the best place to connect to divine reality—especially given Idealist, Neoplatonist, and other transcendent metaphysical views where empirical ‘reality’ is itself a pale reflection of true reality. The Escapist argues that digital futures offer humanity’s only hope for a truly meaningful life. Finally, the Multigenerationalist argues that people living at the start of a slowly ending world should launch an open-ended multigenerational project designed to enable the last humans to construct whatever world (virtual, non-virtual, digital, or whatever) is best for them.
Comparative Exceptionalism? Strategy and Ideology in the High Court of Australia
Authors: Jacobi Tonja , Robinson Zoë , Leslie Patrick
Published: February 2024

This Article provides a rare comprehensive empirical assessment of oral argument outside of the United States. Drawing on a novel dataset over twenty-six years (1995–2019), comprising nearly one million speech episodes at oral argument in Australia’s apex court, the High Court of Australia, we are able to compare patterns of judicial behavior found in the U.S. Supreme Court to a comparable Western liberal democracy with a long tradition of judicial independence. There are a number of highly significant institutional differences between the Australian context and the U.S. Supreme Court, including a Chief Justice with additional power at oral argument, unlimited time for the length of argument, and variable panel sizes. Nevertheless, the Article finds evidence of similar patterns between Australian High Court and U.S. Supreme Court Justices. Importantly, this includes engaging in judicial advocacy on behalf of the side of the case that they ultimately support, contradicting the jurisprudential orthodoxy that the Australian judiciary is apolitical. In addition, numerous other factors that have been shown to be highly influential in the American context are also shown to be powerful in the Australian context, most notably judicial ideology, gender, and experience. This suggests that while striking institutional differences can impact oral argument and make arguments look very different, we can nonetheless discern similar underlying patterns of judicial behavior that can be recognized as strategic advocacy. All this suggests that neither system is “exceptional”—judicial advocacy may simply be part and parcel of having a strong independent judiciary.
AmpFire HPV and ScreenFire RS HPV validation trial
Authors: Hou Jun , Belinson Jerome L , Du Hui , Li Changzhong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lijie , Zhang Yi , Qu Xinfeng , Wu Ruifang
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The human papillomavirus (HPV) screening assays from Atila Biosystems, including the new AmpFire (14 type) and ScreenFire RS (13 type), were subjected to a series of validation tests.

Methods

We used a set of samples from the Chinese Multi-Site Screening Trial (previously tested with cobas 4800 and the next-generation SeqHPV) to satisfy Meijer’s criteria for clinical end-point validation. We selected 556 self-collected specimens composed of 273 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positives and 283 hrHPV negatives on the cobas 4800 and SeqHPV. Of the 273 hrHPV-positive cases, 108 had a disease end point of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or higher, including 47 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3+) or higher. We simulated the VALGENT framework for inter- and intralaboratory validation and evaluated the new 4-channel risk-stratified ScreenFire assay in a hierarchal fashion.

Results

Both AmpFire and ScreenFire detected 106 (98.1%) of 108 cases with CIN2 or higher, with specificities of 56.7% and 58.1%, respectively. Intralaboratory concordance for 2 runs of AmpFire and ScreenFire was 95.13% and 96.03%, respectively, for overall hrHPV types and 99.10% and 99.46%, respectively, for HPV 16. The interlaboratory concordance of AmpFire and ScreenFire was 93.68% and 94.04% for overall hrHPV and 98.92% and 99.28%, respectively, for HPV 16. Other genotype correlation percentages were similarly high, with κs ranging from 0.86 to 0.94. The ScreenFire RS assay demonstrated excellent “genotype-specific concordance” when evaluated for “clinical guidance” in a hierarchal fashion (noting only the highest risk channel) with both the cobas 4800 and SeqHPV for less than CIN2, CIN2, and CIN3 or higher.

Conclusions

The excellent intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility and the established clinical performance, together with the platforms’ simplicity, make these assays particularly applicable to low-resource settings.
Adolescent social isolation increases binge-like alcohol drinking in male but not female high-alcohol-preferring mice
Authors: Cullins Eva C , Chester Julia A
Published: February 2024

Aims

This study examined how adolescent social isolation affects adult binge-like alcohol drinking and stress–axis function, via basal levels of circulating corticosterone (CORT), in male and female mice with a genetic predisposition toward high alcohol preference (HAP).

Methods

Male and female HAP2 mice were randomly assigned to a group-housed or social isolation (ISO) group. Social isolation began at postnatal Days 40–42 and lasted for 21 days prior to assessment of binge-like alcohol drinking using a 4-day drinking-in-the-dark (DID) procedure. Blood samples to assess basal CORT were taken 6 days after social isolation ended and 24 h before DID started, and again 60 h after DID ended, during the light portion of the light cycle.

Results

Adolescent social isolation increased adult binge-like alcohol drinking in male but not female mice. All groups showed significantly lower CORT after DID compared to before DID. Pearson bivariate correlation coefficients between the first 2 h of grams-per-kilogram alcohol intake on Day 4 and CORT levels indicated a significant positive correlation in ISO males only after DID and negative correlations in ISO females before and after DID.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that adolescent social isolation increased binge-like alcohol drinking in male but not female adult HAP2 mice. Stress–axis adaptations in male HAP2 mice may be associated with the social-isolation-induced increase in binge-like alcohol drinking.
Unpublished Counterpublics: H. T. Tsiang’s Ellis Island Poems
Authors: Noh Jeff
Published: February 2024

The proletarian writer H. T. Tsiang worked and lived in the US under the constant threat of deportation since arriving in the country under the Johnson-Reed Act. This article examines a cache of poetry that Tsiang wrote in the Ellis Island detention center from 1940–1941 and mailed to the painter, book illustrator, and author Rockwell Kent. These poems, which are preserved among Kent’s papers in the form of a toilet paper manuscript, a make-shift chapbook, and typescript sheafs, were roundly rejected by publishers in Tsiang’s time. Yet they speak to his precarious immigration status and his long-term project of constituting proletarian readerships outside US publishing. Tsiang’s unpublished poems, I argue, composed a counterpublic of early Chinese American writing that grew from, and responded to, the conditions of exclusion.Having been detained on both Angel Island and Ellis Island, Tsiang was willing to take the “crooked path” into US cultural memory.
Unpublished Saints: Making Mexican Martyrs in American Archives
Authors: Huízar-Hernández Anita
Published: February 2024

In the early 1940s US–Mexico borderlands, two siblings named Carlos and María de la Torre dedicated years of their lives to drafting, revising, and completing, but not publishing, a 32-page biographical profile of their close friend Fidel Muro, who had been executed by the Mexican government for his participation in the Cristero War (1926–1929). The completed semblanza, which the De la Torres titled “Fidel Muro, Mexican Martyr,” follows Muro from his childhood to his days as a Cristero fighter and, ultimately, to his death as a Cristero martyr. In telling Muro’s story, the De la Torres also memorialize the broader Cristero movement, which sought to overthrow the postrevolutionary Mexican government and replace its secularizing policies with a religious nationalism that insisted on the synonymity of Catholicism and Mexican identity. Though the Cristeros were unsuccessful, exiles like the De la Torres kept the ideals of the movement alive through writing, much of it produced in the US. Cristero writing has garnered far less attention within Mexican and Latinx literary criticism than writing depicting the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920), yet I argue that both early twentieth-century conflicts have played a fundamental role in shaping the uneven terrain of US and Mexican modernities.Placing the [De la Torres’] unpublished semblanza at the center of Latina/o/x literary history begins to reveal the multiplicity of conceptualizations of Latina/o/x identity, from the fully realized to the barely imagined.
Missing and All Too Present: The Limits of the Unpublished
Authors: Rounce Adam
Published: February 2024

This essay examines two peculiar examples of the unpublished from two eccentric authors: Joe Gould’s fragmentary Oral History (probably commenced in the 1910s) and Arthur Inman’s Diary (the 17 million words of which run from the 1920s to Inman’s death in 1963). Neither of these works can be fully published in any conventional way, and the essay examines the reasons why, looking at the history and myths surrounding Gould’s supposedly multimillion-word narrative, the paucity of extant parts of it, and how its nature and nonappearance have been interpreted by Joseph Mitchell and Jill Lepore, amongst others. This contrasts with the all-too-abundant size of the Diary of Inman, a wealthy valetudinarian whose voluminous writings describe in minute detail his prejudices and absurdities, as well as the stories of the many people he paid to be part of his dysfunctional household and to entertain him. The difficulties raised by trying to publish this strange, vast document are discussed through the example of the substantial selection of it, edited by Daniel Aaron (1985). Concluding considerations include the wider questions raised by these sui generis works, particularly the ways in which they resist traditional critical and editorial categorization.Both texts are impossible to publish in full . . . and possess an odd, fragmentary, but delusive allure as a result: the larger idea of their unpublished works is more interesting than the reality of reading them.
Trilling Unfinished
Authors: Kalisch Michael
Published: February 2024

This essay offers a close reading of Lionel Trilling’s unfinished second novel, The Journey Abandoned (2008). Drawing on Trilling’s essays and private journals, it considers how The Journey Abandoned’s unfinishedness speaks not only to some of the thematic preoccupations of the novel itself—a story of thwarted literary ambition and wasted creative talent—but also to some of the broader currents in Trilling’s thinking about his own literary ambition, the fate of the novel, and the institutionalization of literary studies at midcentury. If we think of the unfinishedness of The Journey Abandoned as integral rather than accidental to its form, we can begin to see how the text captures something of Trilling’s ambivalence about his relation to literature, an ambivalence that animated his criticism but seems to have ultimately forestalled his fiction.Whether he wished it to or not, unfinishedness became Trilling’s way of dramatizing the tensions and contradictions underwriting his conception of literary value and his sense of himself as a writer.
William Williams, Anachronism, and the Temporal Logic of Textual Recovery (1776/1815/1969)
Authors: Pethers Matthew
Published: February 2024

This article takes the distinctive publishing history of William Williams’s Robinsonade novel Mr. Penrose as a prompt to challenge conventional assumptions about the temporal logic of textual recovery. Scholars typically make a case for the value of forgotten or neglected texts by emphasizing forms of “creative anachronism” in which an author is said to be ahead of their time in ways only recognizable by posterity. Mr. Penrose, written in America in 1776, published in a heavily redacted version in Britain in 1815, and finally published in full in 1969, offers a means of apprehending the far less familiar dynamics of “pathetic anachronism,” wherein a text repeatedly fails to connect with the successive historical moments of its appearance and remains uncanonized. This stalled trajectory of Williams’s novel helps to illuminate the limitations of conventional discourses of textual recovery by tracing them back to tropes of the “found manuscript” and transatlantic shifts in genre popularity in the eighteenth century, as well as Romantic theories of temporal disjunction and the emergence of the historical novel in the nineteenth century and models of textual editing and debates over “the first American novel” in the twentieth century.These three versions of Williams’s novel . . . help us to see how various intellectual, aesthetic, generic, and material factors can mitigate against a text fitting into the mechanisms critics typically deploy to advance the positive qualities of anachronism.
Archives of Rejection
Authors: Kotin Joshua
Published: February 2024

What can we learn about unpublished literature—and literature as such—by studying rejected literature? Each of the article’s four sections connects an archival document or set of documents to a topic in literary history and theory. In the first, a ledger tracking submissions to Charles Scribner’s Sons in 1882 leads to a discussion about recovery projects. In the second, a century of Houghton Mifflin reader reports leads to a discussion about evaluation. In the third, a novel submitted to Sylvia Beach at Shakespeare and Company in 1930 leads to a discussion about historical counterfactuals. In the fourth, correspondence from the archives of Amiri Baraka and his agent, Ronald Hobbs, from the 1970s leads to a discussion about taste. Together, these sections introduce a resource and exemplify a method: how attention to small, practical decisions can illuminate large, abstract processes.By attending to editorial debates about poetry, we can understand what artistic value meant to specific people in specific contexts—and thus what it might mean in general. Poetry, in other words, promises to illuminate what’s literary about literary history.
Data Bodies
Authors: Clark Rebecca B
Published: February 2024

This essay examines two recent books that each take up the vexed topic bodies of data in relation to literature and race in the US: Richard Jean So’s Redlining Culture: A Data History of Racial Inequality and Postwar Fiction and Elizabeth Rodrigues’s Collecting Lives: Critical Data Narrative as Modernist Aesthetic in Early Twentieth-Century U.S. Literatures. Each book, in its own way, asks literary scholars to take the data corpus seriously as both an object and a method of study. While acknowledging that the collection of bodies of data has long been used to efface, dehumanize, and racialize, So and Rodrigues ask readers not to dismiss reactively the data corpus’s potential to also be an unexpected tool for refuting those same naturalized and totalizing narratives. Contemplating, as they do, the unique temporality and spatiality of the accretion of singular points into a collective data, the books explore what a data corpus looks, feels, and sounds like and what it might tell us about the relationship between bodies, books in twentieth-century US literature, and the stories that have and could be told about both.Thinking in different ways about the vexed relationship between bodies of data, literature, and race in the US, Rodrigues and So each demonstrate that, while data cannot speak for itself, there are some stories we can neither hear, see, nor tell without its help.
Trilling Redux
Authors: Murphy Geraldine
Published: February 2024

This short essay considers the cultural and historical context of Lionel Trilling’s unfinished, unpublished novel in response to Michael Kalisch’s essay for this issue. Written in the 1940s, The Journey Abandoned (editor’s title) reprises Trilling’s preoccupations in The Liberal Imagination with anti-Stalinist liberalism and Cold War modernism and emphasizes the importance of American literature to Trilling at the beginning of his career as both a critic and a novelist. Trilling championed those writers—and created fictional characters—whose thinking affirmed and resisted the status quo. The dynamism of dialectical thinking that enlivened his essays also echoed the pluralist model of consensus liberalism, in which multitude conflicts were in continual negotiation. In concluding, the essay suggests that the unfinished novel, perpetually open to interpretation, is an apt tribute to Trilling’s signature mode of thought.Ambitious and having to make his way professionally (he had just become an assistant professor in 1939), Trilling saw American literature as a vehicle of upward mobility for himself, just as it was for Vincent.
A semantics for moral error theory
Authors: Behrens Singa
Published: February 2024

Moral error theory has been criticized on formal grounds for lacking a coherent semantics of moral sentences. In this paper, I provide a truthmaker-based semantics of moral sentences that is compatible with moral error theory. The hyperintensional account draws attention to the exact truth- and falsemakers of moral propositions. Error theorists must assume that propositions that have only moral truthmakers have at least one non-moral falsemaker. A central consequence of the discussion is that moral error theory is compatible with a classical logic of moral notions.
Impact of heat and a rest-shade-hydration intervention program on productivity of piece-paid industrial agricultural workers at risk of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin
Authors: Hansson Erik , Jakobsson Kristina , Glaser Jason , Wesseling Catharina , Chavarria Denis , Lucas Rebekah A I , Prince Heath , Wegman David H
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Assess the impact of environmental heat and a rest-shade-hydration (RSH) intervention against heat stress on productivity of piece-paid Mesoamerican sugarcane cutters. These workers are at a high risk of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt), from the severe heat stress they experience due to heavy work under hot conditions. RSH interventions in these populations improve kidney health outcomes, but their impact on productivity has yet to be examined.

Methods

We accessed routine productivity data from seed (SC, N = 749) and burned (BCC, N = 535) sugarcane cutters observed over five harvest seasons with increasing RSH intervention at a large Nicaraguan sugarcane mill. Hourly field-site wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was recorded by mill staff and summarized as a daily mean. Mixed linear regression was used to model daily productivity, adjusting for age (18–29, 30–44, and >45 years), sex, WBGT (<28, 28–29, 29–30, 30–31, and >31 °C) on the same and preceding day, harvest season (2017–18 to 2021–22), month, and acclimatization status (<1, 1–2, and >2 weeks).

Results

There was an inverse dose–response relationship between SC productivity and WBGT on the same and preceding days, decreasing by approximately 3%/°C WBGT. Productivity increased during the study period, i.e. coinciding with RSH scale-up, by approximately 19% in SC and 9% in BCC.

Conclusion

Agricultural worker productivity was expected lower on hotter days, strengthening the interest in all stakeholders to mitigate increasing global temperatures and their impact. Despite decreasing the total time allocated for work each day, an RSH intervention appears to result in increased productivity and no apparent loss in productivity.
Histochemical, metabolic and ultrastructural changes in leaf patelliform nectaries explain extrafloral nectar synthesis and secretion in Clerodendrum chinense
Authors: Paul Shobhon , Mitra Adinpunya
Published: February 2024

Background and Aims

Extrafloral nectaries are nectar-secreting structures present on vegetative parts of plants which provide indirect defences against herbivore attack. Extrafloral nectaries in Clerodendrum chinense are patelliform-shaped specialized trichomatous structures. However, a complete understanding of patelliform extrafloral nectaries in general, and of C. chinense in particular, has not yet been established to provide fundamental insight into the cellular physiological machinery involved in nectar biosynthesis and secretory processes.

Methods

We studied temporal changes in the morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural features in the architectures of extrafloral nectaries. We also compared metabolite profiles of extrafloral nectar, nectary tissue, non-nectary tissue and phloem sap. Further, both in situ histolocalization and normal in vitro activities of enzymes related to sugar metabolism were examined.

Key Results

Four distinct tissue regions in the nectar gland were revealed from histochemical characterization, among which the middle nectariferous tissue was found to be the metabolically active region, while the intermediate layer was found to be lipid-rich. Ultrastructural study showed the presence of a large number of mitochondria along with starch-bearing chloroplasts in the nectariferous region. However, starch depletion was noted with progressive maturation of nectaries. Metabolite analysis revealed compositional differences among nectar, phloem sap, nectary and non-nectary tissue. Invertase activity was higher in secretory stages and localized in nectariferous tissue and adjacent region.

Conclusions

Our study suggests extrafloral nectar secretion in C. chinense to be both eccrine and merocrine in nature. A distinct intermediate lipid-rich layer that separates the epidermis from nectary parenchyma was revealed, which possibly acts as a barrier to water flow in nectar. This study also revealed a distinction between nectar and phloem sap, and starch could act as a nectar precursor, as evidenced from enzymatic and ultrastructural studies. Thus, our findings on changing architecture of extrafloral nectaries with temporal secretion revealed a cell physiological process involved in nectar biosynthesis and secretion.