bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Neurologic Diseases in a Developing Country
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas “Drs. Orlando Castejón and Haydee Viloria de Castejón”, Venezuela, OJ Castejón , CM Carrero Gonzalez ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Simon Bolivar. Barranquilla, Colombia, G Lastre ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Simon Bolivar. Barranquilla, Colombia
Published: April 2021

In the present clinical and observational study we have analyzed sixteen patients with type II diabetes, ranging from 56 to 88 years-old., and showing blood hypertension (84%) %), cardiovascular diseases (43%), memory disorder (43%), Parkinson disease (31%), Headaches (25%),. Sleep disorders (18%), gait disturbances (18%), language disorders (18%), dizziness and vertigo (12%), cervicogenic headache (12%) liver diseases (12%), gastrointestinal disease (12%) arthritis (12%), respiratory diseases (6%), Alzheimer disease (6%), and previous cerebrovascular accident (6%). We have diagnosed six mixed syndromes of diabetes and Parkinson disease (37%), three patients with diabetes and Alzheimer disease (18%) two cases with diabetes, blood hypertension and Alzheimer disease (12%) and two case with diabetes and cervicogenic headaches (12%). The pathophysiological mechanisms involved are described in each case. A relationship of diabetic patient lifestyle with environmental conditions, low socioeconomic status and family history is postulated.
A Case Report on the Child with Two Coins Ingested Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus During the Lockdown in COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, Arora Rabia , Singh Satinder Pal ,   Senior Resident, Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, North India, Singh Arvinder ,   Assistant Professor, Dept. of ENT & Head Neck Surgery, GMC, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Published: April 2021

A 4-year-old child presented to the emergency department with an acute onset of dysphagia and vomiting. A plain X-ray soft tissue neck lateral view revealed a double circular opacity in the cervical oesophagus consistent with an ingestion of multiple foreign bodies. Preoperative planning and SARS-CoV2 testing is of particular importance for the pediatric population and if testing cannot be performed, patients in all age groups should be handled as though they are positive for COVID-19, and appropriate precautions should be taken. The child was taken to the theatre for rigid pharyngo-oesophagoscopy and removal of the coins. After the first coin was removed subsequent endoscopic examination revealed a second coin at the same location. This extremely rare case of two ingested coins becoming impacted with perfect radiological alignment, we would therefore advocate having a low threshold for performing a ‘second look’ endoscopy after removal of the first foreign body with postoperative X-rays.
Complete Traumatic Talus Dislocation: A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine, 975 S Fairmont Ave Lodi, CA 95240 United States, Shaheed Tariq A
Published: April 2021

A complete traumatic talus dislocation is an exceedingly rare injury pattern. A case of reimplantation of an open traumatic complete intact talus dislocation and distal fibula fracture following a motor vehicle accident is reported. A review of the literature and emergency medicine management recommendations follows.
Intrathecal Rituximab for Treatment of Leptomeningeal NonHodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors:   The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, USA, Kumar Vikas , Nabeel Shaha ,   The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, USA, Le Thuy-Hong ,   The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell, USA
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Standard therapy for central nervous system (CNS) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is still to be determined and varies in clinical practice. Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is more common as compared to parenchymal disease in CNS NHL. We present a case of Leptomeningeal NHL which was found to be resistant to treatment with intrathecal (IT) Methotrexate, Cytarabine and whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Our patient achieved a complete remission only after treatment with IT Rituximab. Case Presentation: 74-year-old male presented to us with cough with purulent sputum. Upon thorough investigation including biopsy of axillary lymphadenopathy and a staging MRI, the patient was found to have low grade I/III B cell follicular lymphoma with LM. The patient was refractory to treatment with intrathecally administered Methotrexate, intrathecal (IT) Cytarabine and WBRT. After administration of IT Rituximab, patient showed clinical improvement and subsequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology revealed complete elimination of clonal B-cell population. Conclusions: In LM where cure is generally not expected, administration of IT Rituximab showed a favorable efficacy and safety profile. Prospective trials are needed to establish the role of IT Rituximab as a standard of care for treatment of LM involvement in B-cell lymphomas.
Electrohomoeopathy Medicine in Covid-19 A Multicenter Clinical Observational Study
Authors:   Research Scholar JJTU, Rajasthan India, Pandey Surendra
Published: April 2021

In December 2019, extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was first detected In Wuhan City, China and later spread to several provinces in China and simultaneously outspreaded worldwide.
A Tale of Two Benign Hepatic Nodules with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors:   Department and institution: Department of pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, Raj Aditi , Gadgil Nitin ,   Department and institution: Department of pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai, Amarapurkar Anjali ,   Department and institution: Department of pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Sion Hospital, Mumbai
Published: April 2021

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma are two benign liver lesions with low risk of malignant potential. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia appears to be result of adaptive reaction to hepatic vasculopathy. Hepatocellular adenoma is associated with use of estrogen, anabolic steroids, metabolic disease and rarely vascular abnormality. We report an unusual case of a young female who presented with progressive dyspnoea, cough and edema. She succumbed to her illness within two days of her hospital stay. A medical autopsy was performed which revealed hepatocellular adenoma arising on the background of nodular regenerative hyperplasia along with pulmonary hypertension and intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Unusual case of nodular regenerative hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma associated with pulmonary hypertension where vascular pathology is suggested as a common event in their pathogenesis. Hence, it is advisable to rule out associated conditions with the help of imaging techniques in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Splenomegaly: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in Children in the Pediatric Surgery in the General Surgery Department of Ignace Deen National Hospital
Authors:   Department of Visceral Surgery, Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry Guinea, Naby Camara Soriba , Sandaly Diakité ,   Department of General Surgery, Ignace Deen National Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry Guinea, Togba Soumaoro Labile ,   Department of General Surgery, Ignace Deen National Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry Guinea
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study was to contribute to the study of splenomegaly in children under the age of 15 in the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the General Surgery Department of Ignace Deen National Hospital. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study lasting 5 years from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 on children with splenomegaly in the pediatric surgery unit of the general surgery department of the hospital national Ignace-Deen. Results: Splenomegaly represented 1.24% of surgical pathologies during our study. Both sexes were concerned with a male predominance in 52.63%; the sex ratio was 1.11. The 10-14 age group was the most affected (47.37%); The average age of our cases was 9.5 years with extremes of 3 years and 15 years. Abdominal pain associated with an abdominal mass and fever were the main reasons for consultation (100%), followed by physical asthenia and anorexia (78.94%). 63.15% of our diagnosed cases were stage IV of the Hackett classification, followed by stage III (31.57%) and stage V (5.26%). Conclusion: Any palpable spleen must in fact be considered as pathological. The conditions causing splenomegaly are multiple in tropical countries, their frequency varies from one country to another.
Endoscopic Findings and Their Clinical Relevance in 208 Diagnostic Esophagogastroduodenoscopies Made at Guadalajara’s Regional Military Specialty Hospital From September 2018 to March 2020
Authors:   Guadalajara Regional Military Specialty Hospital: Calle Medrano #701 Colonia Valentín Gómez Farías Sector Reforma CP: 44450, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Fernando Viera Dórame Raúl ,   Mexico, Estefania Aguirre Sandoval Gloria ,   Guadalajara Regional Military Specialty Hospital: Calle Medrano #701 Colonia Valentín Gómez Farías Sector Reforma CP: 44450, Guadalajara, Jalisco; Mexico
Published: April 2021

This technical review provides practical and basic information on the clinical relevance of proximal diagnostic digestive endoscopy in relation to pre- and post-endoscopic diagnoses, anatomopathological diagnosis of biopsies, choice of appropriate treatment and improvement of patients studied. It also highlights the importance of the prevention of esophageal-gastric cancer by previous macroscopic findings and its timely diagnosis, based on 208 reports of Esophagogastroduodenoscopies recorded in the general file database of the Guadalajara Regional Military Specialty Hospital between September 2018 and March 2020. Of the 208 selected reports, the most common pre-endoscopic diagnoses were dyspepsia, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, high digestive tract hemorrhage and dysphagia, which were mostly associated with endoscopic diagnosis of chronic gastropathy being the crucial anatomopathological diagnosis by demonstrating that the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori is primarily responsible for this gastropathy and in initiating
Slow Release Oral Formulation and Topical Curcumin in Combination with 5 Aminosalycilate Induce Remission in Patients with Refractory Ulcerative Proctitis in A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy, Roda Giulia , Casanova Silvia ,   Fondazione Istituto Scienze della salute, Bologna, Italy, Roda Enrico ,   IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Published: April 2021

Introduction and Aim: Refractory ulcerative proctitis is defined as the failure of topical and oral 5-aminosalicylate and corticosteroids treatment. Management of refractory proctitis is often challenging. Curcumin was reported to be efficacious in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated curcumin in patients with refractory ulcerative proctitis, non responder to conventional therapies (rectal 5 aminosalycilate or steroid in combination with oral 5 aminosalycilate, steroid or azathioprine). Methods: In a randomized, placebo controlled trial, 10 patients were randomly assigned to assume curcumin capsules (3g/die), in a slow release oral formulation and curcumin enema (3g/die) for one month. Ten patients assumed an identical placebo for 1 month. Primary outcome was clinical remission at week 4. Endoscopic and biochemical data were also recorded. Results: After one month the number of patients achieving clinical remission was significantly higher in the curcumin treated group (p<0.04; OR, 12,5; 95% CI). After 3 months, 80% of patients treated with curcumin were still in remission vs 10% of patients treated with 5 aminosalycilate (p<0.001; OR, 12; 95% CI). Endoscopic remission (Mayo score <=1 was achieved in 60% of patients treated with curcumin and none in the 5 aminosalycilate group. Conclusion: In this pilot study 3 months topical and oral slow released curcumin therapy in combination with 5 aminosalycilate is efficacious in achieving clinical remission in refractory ulcerative proctitis patients. Results: After one month the number of patients achieving clinical remission was significantly higher in the curcumin treated group (p<0.04; OR, 12,5; 95% CI). After 3 months, 80% of patients treated with curcumin were still in remission vs 10% of patients treated with 5 aminosalycilate (p<0.001; OR, 12; 95% CI). Endoscopic remission (Mayo score <=1 was achieved in 60% of patients treated with curcumin and none in the 5 aminosalycilate group. Conclusion: In this pilot study 3 months topical and oral slow released curcumin therapy in combination with 5 aminosalycilate is efficacious in achieving clinical remission in refractory ulcerative proctitis patients.
Anti-Tnf Side Effects in the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors:   Service de Gastroentérologie CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech, I Elhidaoui , S Oubaha ,   Laboratoire de physiologie université CADDY AYYAD faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Marrakech, K Benjouad ,   Service de Gastroentérologie CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech
Published: April 2021

IBD is a common, serious and disabling chronic digestive disease, Their different manifestations, whether digestive and extra-digestive, require a multi-professional care adapted to each specific patient. Anti-TNFs are now an essential therapeutic weapon in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Their effectiveness in both the short and long term has been demonstrated in various studies. However short and long term anti-tnf results vary from patient to patient which can be explained in many cases by the significant number of discontinued treatment in patients that experience side effects. The purpose of our work is to study the different side effects occurring in patients under biotherapy, the management of these side effects and their prevention. We prospectively analyzed since four years the medical records of 54 IBD patients who received anti-TNF treatment. An exhaustive pre-therapeutic assessment was performed systematically in all patients. A clinical and biological control was carried out systematically before each therapeutic administration to search for undesirable reactions. Side effects were classified into several categories including immediate hypersensitivity reactions, dermatological complications, infectious, neurological, haematological, neoplasic and cardiac complications. During this period, 54 patients were treated with biotherapies, representing 24.2% of all IBD patients. We observed 29 side effects, an incidence of 46% including two severe effects 3.5%, occurring on average after one month of treatment. The hematological undesirable effects were the most frequent appeared in 14 patients (26%), severe infection specifically tuberculosis appeared in 2 patients (3.6%), allergic effects were severe in only one case (anaphylactic shock), finally the secondary cutaneous lesions of Anti-TNF were observed in a single patient (extensive psoriasis). Severe adverse reactions led to permanent discontinuation of Anti-TNF in 24.1% of cases. The use of anti-TNF treatment is likely to generate numerous undesirable effects, hence the advantage of respecting the recommendations relating to the assessment before any treatment with biotherapy and of making regular clinical follow-up during treatment with a meticulous clinical examination as well as biological monitoring in order to prevent the occurrence of these complications, and to manage them correctly once they appear.
Impactos da construção da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte na teia da vida: uma análise sob a perspectiva da ecologia-mundo
Authors: Rowiechi Josiane , Zanardi Coltro Fábio Luiz
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a construção da usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, localizada em Altamira – PA, região Amazônica no Brasil, pela perspectiva da ecologia-mundo. Para o desenvolvimento desde estudo, apresenta-se a relação do Estado no que se refere às configurações funcionais e às críticas no âmbito das decisões de políticas ambientais, em especial no tocante às grandes obras de infraestrutura, como no caso da usina de Belo Monte, bem como seus impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Trata-se da temática da natureza nas organizações referindo-se à sustentabilidade, antropoceno, capitaloceno, ecologia-mundo e as estratégicas de embaratecimento da natureza, da energia e da vida. Os procedimentos metodológicos apoiaram-se em pesquisa documental, através de abordagem qualitativa descritiva. Os resultados da análise apresentaram que as condicionantes impostas pelo Estado apenas promoveram a mitigação das consequências irreversíveis que a grande obra ocasionou, modificando para sempre a forma de vida destas comunidades.
How Early Life Stress Effects Telomeres in Later Life
Authors: Paul Satashree
Published: April 2021

Telomere length is associated with chronic stressors in adulthood and early adversity. Stress over the lifespan is thought to promote the accelerated aging and illness in early life.
LA APLICACIÓN DEL PRINCIPIO DE PRIMACÍA DEL DERECHO DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA POR LA ADMINISTRACIÓN
Authors: COBREROS MENDAZONA EDORTA
Published: April 2021

La aplicación del principio de primacía del Derecho de la Unión Europea,
entendido como exigencia de inaplicar el Derecho estatal incompatible con
las normas del ordenamiento de la Unión de directa aplicación está plenamente
asumida cuando corresponde a los órganos judiciales, pero presenta mayores dificultades
para su aplicación por parte de las Administraciones estatales. Se analiza
aquí lo que ha dicho el Tribunal de Justicia al respecto y la práctica llevada a cabo
en nuestro ordenamiento, con una propuesta final.

Europar Batasunaren Zuzenbidearen lehentasun-printzipioaren
aplikazioa, Europar Batasunean aplikazio zuzeneko ordenamenduko arauekin bateraezina
den Estatuko Zuzenbidea ez aplikatzeko eskakizuna, alegia, erabat barneratuta
dago organo judizialei dagokienean, baina zailtasun gehiago izaten dira estatuko
administrazioek aplikatu behar dutenean. Justizia Auzitegiak horren inguruan
esandakoa aztertzen da hemen, bai eta gure ordenamenduan gauzatu den praktika
ere, eta amaierako proposamen bat egiten da.

The application of the principle of primacy of the European Union
law, as the duty to non apply the national law incompatible with directly applicable
EU provisions is totally accepted as far as courts is referred but it shows more
difficulties regarding State administrations. It is here analyzed what the Court of
Justice has said on this and the practice carried out within our legal order, with a
final proposal.
LA EXCLUSIÓN DEL LICITADOR POR LA PARTICIPACIÓN EN LA ELABORACIÓN DE LAS ESPECIFICACIONES TÉCNICAS O DE LOS DOCUMENTOS PREPARATORIOS DEL CONTRATO
Authors: RECUERDA GIRELA MIGUEL ÁNGEL
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza cómo debe interpretarse y aplicarse la condición
especial de compatibilidad que está regulada en el artículo 56.1 del Texto
Refundido de la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público, aprobado por el Real Decreto
Legislativo 3/2011, de 4 de noviembre, y en particular, si la participación en
la elaboración de las especificaciones técnicas o de los documentos preparatorios
del contrato debe conllevar la exclusión del licitador. En contra de lo que se
ha sostenido en algunas resoluciones administrativas y sentencias, se demostrará
que la finalidad del mencionado precepto no es otra que evitar la desigualdad
de trato entre los licitadores y el falseamiento de la competencia, y que por
tanto no debe excluirse al licitador del procedimiento de contratación cuando,
a pesar de la participación en la elaboración de las especificaciones técnicas o
de los documentos contractuales, no se produce infracción de los principios de
igualdad y de libre competencia.

Artikulu honetan aztertzen daSektore Publikoko Kontratuen
Legearen Testu Bateginaren 56.1 artikuluan arautzen den bateragarritasuneko
baldintza berezia nola interpretatu eta aplikatu behar den (azaroaren 14ko
3/2011 Legegintzako Errege Dekretuaren bitartez onartu zen lege hori). Horretaz
gain, bereziki aztertzen da kontratua prestatzeko agiriak edo zehaztapen teknikoak
egiten parte hartzen bada lizitatzailea kanpo uztea eragin behar duen
ala ez. Administrazio-ebazpen eta epai batzuetan ezarritakoaren aurka, agindu
horren helburua frogatuko da, alegia, lizitatzaileen arteko tratu desberdina eta
lehiaketa faltsutzea saihestea, eta, beraz, lizitatzailea ez dela kontratazio-prozeduratik
baztertu behar, berdintasunaren eta lehia askearen printzipioak urratzen
ez badira, nahiz eta parte hartu kontratu-agirien edo zehaztapen teknikoen elaborazioan.

This article discusses how to interpret and apply the special
condition of compatibility regulated in Article 56.1 of the Revised Text of the
Law on Public Sector Contracts, approved by Royal Legislative Decree 3/2011 of
November 4, and in particular if the participation in the preparing of technical
specifications or in the preparing of contractual documents must lead to
the exclusion of the tenderer. Contrary to what has been disposed in some
administrative decisions and judgments, we will demonstrate that the purpose
of that provision is simply to prevent unequal treatment among tenderers and
the distortion of competition, and therefore the tenderer should not be excluded
in the procurement procedure when, despite the participation in the preparation of technical specifications or contractual documents, no infringement of the principles of equality or free competition occurs.
IMPACT OF MONETARY POLICY TARGETS ON CAPITAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Banking and Finance,  Nasarawa State University, Musa Abdulkarim , Uche Uwaleke ,   Department of Banking and Finance,  Nasarawa State University, Nneka Nwala ,   Department of Banking and Finance,  Nasarawa State University
Published: April 2021

This study empirically examines the impact of monetary policy targetson capital market development in Nigeria from 1986-2018. Time series data and econometric tools were used to test for the stationarity and causality effect. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) techniques were used to examine the short-run and long-run impact and relationship between Monetary Policy and Capital Market Development in Nigeria. The study revealed that both in the long run and short run Exchange Rate (EXCHR), Inflation Rate (INFR), and Interest Rate in Nigeria (INTR)were negatively related to Capital Market Development (CAMKTD) in Nigeria and they were statistically insignificant in explaining changes in Capital Market Development (CAMKTD) in Nigeria. On the other hand, inthe long run, Money Supply was positively related to Capital Market Development (CAMKTD) in Nigeria and was statistically significant at a 5% level significant while Money Supply (M2) was positively related to Capital Market Development (CAMKTD) in Nigeria both in the long run and short-run and was statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Therefore, the study recommends that government should improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the money supply in Nigeria since it was statistically significant in determining the improvement of Capital Market Development (CAMKTD) in Nigeria.
Salivary Biomarker Levels and Oral Health Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Healthy Siblings: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vivekanada Dental College for Women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode–TK Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India, Anjugam Palanichamy , Mathian Veerabadhran Mahesh , Gawthaman Murugesan , Vinod Selvaraj , Devi Easwaramurthy Yamuna
Published: April 2021

Background: The dental needs of cerebral palsy children are an area of study much in need of attention. The neglect of this aspect should be rectified, and simpler diagnostic methodologies should be established and used to serve this purpose. Aim: This study aimed to determine oral health status and salivary biomarkers (salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity) among children with cerebral palsy (CP), to compare their data with that of their healthy siblings, and to evaluate the relationship between salivary biomarkers and dental caries. Methods: A total of 30 CP children (study group) and 30 normal healthy siblings (controls) were selected between the ages of 5 and 12 years. Salivary biomarkers were assessed, and oral health status was examined. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was used for comparison of oral health status. “Unpaired t test was used to compare caries indexes (decay/filled teeth–primary dentition [dft] and decay/missing/filled teeth–permanent dentition [DMFT]) and salivary biomarkers between the groups. Pearson correlation was used to find the correlation between salivary biomarkers and caries. Results: The dft scores were significantly higher in the study group (P<0.05). The pH values and salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the study group (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between DMFT scores and salivary flow rate in the study group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Low pH and low salivary flow rate might be risk factors for dental caries in CP populations; moreover, the significant correlation between DMFT score and salivary flow rate suggests that salivary flow rate could be used as a screening tool for assessing at-risk subjects in such populations.
ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA E O USO IRRACIONAL DE MEDICAMENTOS FRENTE A COVID-19: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santos Karine Balles , Batista Naine de Jesus , Prudencio Larissa Paganini Ize , Garcia Zélia Benicio , Goulart Jessica Adryelly Duarte
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A covid-19, foi declarada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) como pandemia no ano de 2020. Desde então, inúmeros estudos foram feitos com objetivo de encontrar o melhor tratamento para doença, contudo, ainda não foi evidenciado nenhum medicamento específico para a cura do covid-19. Entretanto, está sendo utilizado como tratamento uma combinação de remédios com a finalidade de prevenir e tratar a doença, denominada “kit covid”. Com isso, houve um aumento na automedicação pela população, levando ao uso irracional de medicamentos. Em meio a isso, a assistência farmacêutica pode ser vista como estratégia para promover o uso racional de medicamentos. Objetivo: Analisar a implementação da assistência farmacêutica no uso seguro e racional de medicamentos frente a covid-19. Material e métodos: Elaborou-se uma revisão bibliográfica através de consultas nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed e Google Acadêmico e foram selecionados artigos em português e inglês, digitando as palavras assistência farmacêutica, covid-19 e tratamento. Resultados: A divulgação de remédios para uso no tratamento da covid-19 levou a um aumento expressivo na prescrição por profissionais de saúde e na utilização de medicamentos pela população, impulsionando o uso irracional e indiscriminado de medicamentos contra a covid-19. Diante disso, evidenciou-se um forte aumento na dispensação de fármacos sem comprovada eficácia clínica para covid-19. Assim, o desenvolvimento da assistência farmacêutica torna-se essencial em meio a pandemia, que por meio de estratégias promova o uso racional de medicamentos, e também o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico dos pacientes que atestam positivo para doença. Conclusão: A implantação da assistência farmacêutica é de grande importância, pois promove a educação em saúde em relação ao uso racional de medicamentos, tanto dos pacientes como da equipe multidisciplinar atuante na linha de frente, além disso promove o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico junto ao paciente, prevenindo possíveis problemas relacionados a medicação e uma maior eficácia no tratamento.
Digital Marketing Strategies To Increase Online Business Sales Through Social Media
Authors: Adiyono Niko Garuda , Rahmat Tantri Yanuar , Anindita Rina
Published: April 2021

Technological developments have brought new media related to the internet. The internet is currently a necessity for many people around the world because with the internet, information can be conveyed quickly and easily. In the world of business is also entered by the internet. The internet creates something new, one way of marketing product. A businessman finds the latest marketing strategy by creating digital content for the products they offer and they will distribute it on social media so that more people and potential consumers will see and know about the product. Social Media is an application that provides video making features along with very interesting and easy to use effect features. That way, not a few online business people take advantage of the golden opportunity to use the application. Social Media as a platform to develop their business a through digital content.
Waterborne Diseases, Basic Sanitation, and Health: Perspectives for Brazil’s Legal Amazon
Authors: Rieger Raquel Andréa , Penha Débora de Lima Braga , Teixeira Evandro Camargos
Published: April 2021

Access to sanitation services is a basic human right, although a large part of the Brazilian population has limited access to such services. This paper investigates the relationship between access to sanitation services and the health conditions of the population in one of Brazil’s regions with the lowest infrastructure levels: the Legal Amazon. Using a dynamic panel model, the study analyzes how access to treated water impacts hospital admissions due to waterborne diseases. The results show that access to treated water reduces such admissions, thereby indicating a need to implement public policies in the ﬁelds of both sanitation and health. Our ﬁndings suggest that a program should be established to promote basic sanitation for the Legal Amazon with incentives for the private sector to participate, such as subsidies for companies to operate in the region. In addition, a data collection system must be designed to make it feasible to undertake studies aimed at drafting public policies which enable long-term planning.
Analyse, développement et évaluation d'une formation médicale en ligne
Authors: Plante Patrick , Angulo Mendoza Gustavo Adolfo , Archambault Patrick
Published: April 2021

Dans le cadre d’un projet intitulé Evaluation of a context-adapted wiki-based decision aid supporting critically ill patients’ decisions about life-sustaining therapies, financé par le Réseau canadien des soins aux personnes fragilisées, l’équipe de conception pédagogique de la Société pour l’apprentissage à vie (SAVIE) s’est joint au projet de recherche afin de développer une formation en ligne destinée aux médecins, aux étudiantes et aux étudiants tenant compte d’un certain nombre d’exigences techniques comme résultat d’une analyse de besoins. La formation a été développée par prototypage rapide. L’environnement numérique d’apprentissage de la formation inclut des objets d’apprentissage compatibles avec le standard xAPI pour un suivi des apprentissages très fin. Ces données, couplées à un questionnaire destiné aux utilisateurs participants à l’expérimentation, permettent d’évaluer l’usage et la pertinence des modules de la formation. Cette première expérience d’analytique de données de formation nous permet d’évaluer cet appareillage technique (xAPI et LRS) en soulignant ses possibles applications pour l’amélioration du dispositif de formation.
L'usage de la vidéo 360° dans la formation des enseignants pour « entrer » virtuellement en classe
Authors: Roche Lionel , Rolland Cathy
Published: April 2021

L’étude présentée vise à saisir le potentiel formatif de la vidéo 360° en formation des enseignants, utilisée comme support pour l’analyse de l’intervention professionnelle en Éducation Physique (EP). Elle porte sur l’analyse de l’activité de visionnage par un étudiant d’une séquence vidéo de classe en EP et vise à comprendre l’expérience qu’il en fait. Les résultats montrent que l’exploitation de la vidéo s’accompagne d’une construction de connaissances d’intervention nouvelles et d’expériences immersives proches de celles vécues en situations de classe réelles, dans lesquelles l’étudiant s’engagerait dans une activité de co-intervention avec l’enseignant visionné. Ils révèlent une valence formatrice de l’usage de telles ressources numériques, qui reste à approfondir avec l’étude d’autres cas.
The irreplaceable role of ubiquitous cosmic rays in the space chemistry: from the origin of complex species in interstellar molecular clouds to the ozone depletion in the atmospheres of Earth-like planets
Authors: Yeghikyan Ararat
Published: April 2021

A review is given of low-energy cosmic rays (1 MeV-10 GeV), which play an important role in the physics and chemistry of interstellar medium of our Galaxy. According to the generally accepted theory of star formation, cosmic rays penetrate into molecular clouds and ionize the dense gaseous medium of star formation centers besides due to a process of ambipolar diffusion they establish a star formation time scale of about 100-1000 thousand years. The source of cosmic rays in the Galaxy are supernovae remnants where diffusion acceleration at the shock front accelerates particles up to energies of 1015 eV. Being the main source of ionization in the inner regions of molecular clouds, cosmic rays play a fundamental role in the global chemistry of clouds, triggering the entire chain of ion-molecular reactions that make it possible to obtain basic molecules. The review also noted the importance of cosmic rays in atmospheric chemistry: playing a significant role in the formation of nitric oxide, especially with an increase in the flux, they cause a decrease in the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere with all climatic consequences.
IAU South-West and Central Asian Regional Office of Astronomy for Development
Authors: Mickaelian A. M. , Farmanyan S. V. , Mikayelyan G. A.
Published: April 2021

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) announced its Strategic Plan on Astronomy for Development in 2009, during the International Year of Astronomy (IYA). One of its main components was the creation of the Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) and corresponding Regional Offices (ROADs) for implementation and coordination of its aims. The OAD was created in Cape Town, South Africa and later on ROADs were created in 11 regions. Since 2015, Armenia hosts one of them, IAU South West Asian (SWA), later renamed to South West and Central Asian (SWCA) ROAD. At present, already 6 countries have officially joined (Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Turkey), but the Office serves for a rather broad region, from Eastern Europe to Central Asia. Armenia's geographical location and its historical role in astronomy (both for well-known archaeoastronomical heritage and the presence of the famous Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) founded by Viktor Ambartsumian in 1946) serve as a link between Europe and Eastern Partnership countries, Middle East and Asia in general. We run activities in 3 directions, Task Forces (TF): TF1 Universities and Research, TF2 Children and Schools and TF3 Public Outreach. We present our projects and all other accomplishments and discuss the role of our ROAD in maintaining contacts and development of astronomy in the region, as well as contacts between Europe and the Eastern Partnership countries. Most up-to-date information about the IAU SWCA ROAD is available on its webpage at http://iau-swa-road.aras.am/eng/index.php.
Astronomy in Armenia: Recent Activities
Authors: Mickaelian A. M. , Farmanyan S. V. , Mikayelyan G. A.
Published: April 2021

A report on the activities and achievements of the Armenian Astronomical Society (ArAS) and the Armenian astronomy in general during the last years is given. ArAS membership, ArAS electronic newsletters (ArASNews), ArAS webpage, Annual Meetings, Annual Prize for Young Astronomers (Yervant Terzian Prize) and other awards, international relations, participation in international organizations, Byurakan International Summer Schools (BISS), regional and local schools, Byurakan science camps, astronomical Olympiads and other events, other matters related to astronomical education, astronomical heritage, amateur astronomy, astronomy outreach and ArAS further projects are described and discussed.
Domestikasi Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Estuaria
Authors:   Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, Universitas Diponegoro, Indarjo Agus , Anggoro Sutrisno ,   Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, Universitas Diponegoro, Salim Gazali ,   Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Handayani Kun Retno ,   Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, Nugraeni Christine Dyta ,   Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Ransangan Julian ,   Institut Penyelidikan Marin Borneo, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Published: April 2021

Awal mula proses domestikasi pada hewan diperkirakan sudah terjadi pada zaman Mesolitikum (10.000 SM). Berdasarkan bukti sejarah, hewan pertama yang didomestikasi didaerah Asia Timur adalah anjing. Tentu saja hal ini diperkuat setelah ditemukan kerangka-kerangka anjing yang berusia 7000 dan 8000 SM. Disamping itu kerangka kucing yang berusia 6000 SM juga ditemukan didaerah Siprus. Selain peliharaan manusia zaman dahulu juga sudah mulai mendomestikasi hewan liar yang bisa dimakan dan memenuhi kebutuhan mereka untuk dijadikan hewan ternak seperti kambing dan domba yang diperkuat dengan ditemukannya kerangka kedua hewan tersebut pada tahun 7000 SM. Proses domestikasi hewan yang banyak dilakukan di negeri kita yaitu proses mendomestikasi hewan ternak yang memiliki kaitan penyediaan kebutuhan pangan juga sandang seperti rambut dan kulitnya bisa digunakan untuk membuat pakaian. Hingga saat ini spesies hewan yang telah berhasil dilakukan proses domestikasi masih terbilang sangat sedikit. Hal ini dikarenakan proses domestikasi yang bersifat cukup kompleks dan pelaksanaannya yang harus bertahap sehingga mampu mengubah sifat dan karakteristik tetuanya. Selain itu tekanan juga kondisi yang menjadi penyebab proses domestikasi masihlah tidak nampak jelas serta bervariasi proses dari satu melalui area geografis menuju ke daerah disertai satu organisme ke organisme lainnya. Proses domestikasi sendiri mulai berakhir pada zaman Pleistosen, dimana perubahan iklim saat itu sangat sulit untuk diprediksi apakah akan semakin dingin atau berubah (dengan cepat) kembali menjadi dingin. Hal ini tentu menjadi pembatas dalam penyebaran baik itu populasi manusia dan spesies lainnya. Sebanyak 148 spesies non karnivora namun hanya 15 spesies yang telah berhasil dilakukan domestikasi. Berdasarkan gambaran tersebut menandakan bahwa proses domestikasi sangat sulit untuk dilaksanakan dan harus benar-benar bertahap agar mendapatkan hasil yang mewakili spesies serta memiliki sifat adaptasi yang cukup baik.
Memahami Makroekonomi Melalui Data dan Fakta
Authors:   Ilmu Ekonomi , Universitas Syiah Kuala, Nazamuddin Nazamuddin
Published: April 2021

Ilmu ekonomi merupakan ilmu yang paling banyak diminati oleh orang-orang. Hal ini disebabkan bahwa ekonomi adalah titik puncak untuk mengubah kehidupan seseorang menjadi lebih sejahtera. Baik kesejahteraan negara maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ilmu ekonomi sangat erat kaitannya dengan perilaku manusia untuk mencapai tingkat kepuasan. Untuk itu, munculnya buku ini akan sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat terutama pengamat ekonomi yang ingin membangun negara. Buku ini akan membahas secara spesifik tentang data makroekonomi, pendapatan nasional dan pengukuran standar hidup yang layak, serta perkembangan ekonomi saat ini. Didukung dengan data dan fakta kemudian teori-teori yang relevan. Buku ini mengajak pembaca bukan hanya sekedar paham makroekonomi saja namun lebih tentang ekonomi saat ini.
Wajah Pesisir Aceh
Authors:   Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala, M. Ali M. Ali , Saputri Mimie ,   Pendidikan Biologi, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Maslim Maslim ,   Institut Pertanian Bogor, Mursawal Asri ,   Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
Published: April 2021

Provinsi Aceh memiliki kawasan pesisir yang sangat luas, mulai dari Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang di kawasan Timur, Kabupaten Aceh Besar di kawasan Utara dan sampai ke Kabupaten Aceh Singkil di kawasan Selatan. Luasnya kawasan pesisir dengan berbagai ragam sumber daya alam yang terdapat di kawasan ini memerlukan adanya pembukuan, sehingga masyarakat dapat mengenalnya dan dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bacaan bagi generasi penerus. Buku ini merupakan saduran dari berbagai literatur, yang membahas tentang kawasan pesisir.
Kimia Unsur Golongan Utama
Authors:   Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Fitri Zarlaida
Published: April 2021

Unsur golongan utama merupakan unsur-unsur yang banyak terdapat di bumi dan di h=jagat raya atau dikenal sebagai unsur representatif. Unsur-unsur ini berada pada blok s dan p dalam Sitem Periodik Unsur. Pemaparan dalam buku Kimia Unsur Golongan Utama ini mencakup sifat, reaksi, ekstraksi unsur, sintesis senyawa, kegunaan serta peraanan unsur dan senyawanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, Industri, kesehatan, biologi, dan lingkungan.
Biologi Perikanan dan Kelautan Di Indonesia
Authors:   Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Anggoro Sutrisno , Indarjo Agus ,   Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Salim Gazali ,   Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Handayani Kun Retno ,   Asisten Ombudsman, Jawa Tengah, Ransangan Julian ,   Penggiat Penyelidikan dalam Bidang Moluska dan Penyakit Ikan, Jabarsyah Abdul ,   Rektor Universitas Kaltara, Firdaus Muhammad ,   Kepala Unit Penjaminan Mutu (UPM) FPIK Universitas Borneo Tarakan
Published: April 2021

Laut dan pesisir memiliki peran yang penting bagi biota, dan kehidupan manusia. oleh karena itu, kita harus melindungi dan melestarikan. Kegiatan memanfaatkan sumberdaya laut dan pesisir harus sangat diperhitungkan dengan baik, agar sumberdaya yang ada di laut dan pesisir dapat tetap lestari dan berkelanjutan. Selain itu kita harus menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan mencegah pencemaran atau kegiatan yang menyebabkan ke kerusakan laut dan pesisir. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengawasan untuk menjaga kelestarian laut dan pesisir, agar kegiatan pemanfaatan laut dan pesisir dapat tetap berlanjut.
Kebahagiaan Turis dan Pengalaman Perjalanan yang Berkesan
Authors:   Magister Manajemen, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Nasir Nasir , Chan Syafruddin ,   Manajemen, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aprilia Cut ,   Manajemen, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: April 2021

Industri pariwisata merupakan industri yang tidak hanya memberikan kontribusi kepada perekonomian suatu Negara namun juga memiliki kontribusi kepada lingkungan social–budaya dan lingkungan alam suatu Negara. Bagi turis dengan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan wisata mereka dapat merasakan kebahagian (Happiness) atau kepuasan hidup (life satisfaction) karena mereka mendapatkan kesempatan untuk beristirahat dari pekerjaan mereka atau rutinitas mereka sehari-hari. Keterkaitan antara tourism dengan kebahagian sudah tidak diragukan lagi dimana tempat tujuan wisata merupakan rumah sementara bagi turis oleh karena itu menentukan kebahagian mereka. Turis memilih sebuah tujuan wisata untuk dikunjungi berdasarkan pada pilihannya dan nilai yang diinginkan dengan mempertimbangkan factor manfaat yang diharapkan dan biaya. Selama kunjungan, turist menciptakan persepsi pada nilai spesifik dari tujuan wisata dalam pikiran mereka, yang mana menghasilkan baik itu kepuasan maupun ketidakpuasan dengan kunjungan tersebut. Penerapan ICT pada daerah tujuan wisata dapat menyediakan akses informasi bagi organisasi pariwisata dan turis melalui integrasi dan centralisasi platform data. Melalui buku ini diharapkan masyarakat dan pemerintah dapat mengetahui pentingnya pariwisata yang menyenangkan untuk dapat menarik minat turis dan peningkatan ekonomi.
Analisis Metabolis Sekunder
Authors:   Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Saidi Nurdin , Ginting Binawati ,   Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Murniana Murniana ,   Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Mustanir Mustanir
Published: April 2021

Buku ini memuat berbagai hal tentang koleksi sampel, analisis fitokimia, ekstraksi, isolasi senyawa dan uji aktivitas senyawa hasil isolasi. Buku ini diharapkan mampu membantu pembaca dalam pemahaman senyawa metabolis sekunder tumbuhan, terutama teknik isolasi. Apalagi kita ketahui bahwa semakin bertambahnya penduduk maka tekanan ini menyebabkan perambahan hutan dan tumbuhan semakin tidak terkendali, sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya kepunahan berbagai spesies tumbuhan yang tidak dapat diperbaharui, sementara potensi tumbuhan tersebut belum pernah diteliti dan dikaji.
Bakteri Patogen Tumbuhan
Authors:   Proteksi Tanaman, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Hakim Lukman
Published: April 2021

Penyakit tumbuhan sangat berperanan dalam kaitannya dengan ketersediaan pangan. Diantara agens utama yang menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit pada tanaman yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis, diketahui bahwa fungsi patogen merupakan agens penyebab penyakit yang paling penting. Namun demikian, penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen tumbuhan ternyata juga dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang tidak kalah pentingnya bila dibandingkan dengan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cendawan patogen, khususnya yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum yang merupakan contoh yang nyata tentang potensi kerusakan yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri fitopatogen.
Penyuluhan Pertanian Berbasis Syariah
Authors:   Agribisnis, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Agussabti Agussabti
Published: April 2021

Buku ini adalah sebagai bentuk respon terhadap penerapan syariat Islam di Aceh. Memahami bahwa syariat Islam tidak hanya berbicara tentang ibadah, melainkan juga tentang segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya adalah aktivitas manusia di bidang pertanian. Kita sama-sama mengetahui bahwa sumber perekonomian utama masyarakat Aceh berasal dari sektor pertanian. Ketika sektor pertanian Aceh berkembang sangat erat kaitannya dengan peningkatan kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat. Agar peningkatan itu terjadi maka salah satunya dilaksanakan dengan mengadakan program penyuluhan pertanian. Penyuluhan pertanian sangat bermanfaat untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada para petani tentang penerapan inovasi pertanian untuk meningkatkan hasil pertanan. Dengan penyuluhan tersebut para petani diharapkan dapat mandiri, berwawasan, serta mampu melakukan modernisasi usahatani masing-masing. Harapan yang ingin dicapai melalui penyuluhan yakni meningkatnya kesejahteraan petani melalui usahataninya. Oleh karena itu, buku ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan kepada para penyuluh ketika melaksanakan program penyuluhan. Sesuai judulnya, materi dalam buku ini disandarkan dan dikaitkan dengan sejumlah dalil yang bersumberkan dari hadis dan Alquran. Tujuannya untuk memberikan panduan kepada penyuluh sehingga mendapatkan keberkahan dari Allah selama menjalankan tugas dan kewajibannya.
Teori Belajar Bahasa
Authors:   Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Mahmud Saifuddin , Idham Muhammad ,   Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: April 2021

Para ahli mengemukakan berbagai pandangan berkenaan dengan belajar. Akibatnya, muncullah sejumlah teori tentang belajar. Perbedaan pandangan para ahli tentang hakikat belajar dan proses belajar semata-mata dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan pandangan teori ilmu jiwa yang dianutnya. Dalam perkembangan teori tentang belajar kita kenal Thorndike dan Pavlov yang mencetuskan tentang teori belajar asosiasi, Edwin Guthrie, Wadson, dan B.F. Skinner mengembangkan teori behavior, dan Robert M. Gagne, Jean Piaget, dan Ausubel mengembangkan teori belajar kognitif.