bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological analysis of papaya seedlings 'Rubi Incaper 511' under different irrigation depths
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius de Souza , Silveira Stefany Sampaio , Posse Robson Prucoli , Pinheiro Ana Paula Braido , Hassuda Karina Tiemi , Santos Gleyce Pereira , Santos Jéssica Sayuri Hassuda , Schmildt Omar , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: June 2020

One of the main limitations in the process of seedling production is the proper management of irrigation, since this practice implies the costs of orchard implantation. The application of the wrong amount of water leads to water stress in plants causing physiological changes, impairing its development and quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different irrigation slides on the physiological behavior of 'Rubi INCAPER 511' papaya seedlings. The study was conducted during the period from September 9 to November 7, 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized, where the treatments consisted of four different irrigation depth: 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1. Each treatment was composed of 24 plants (repetitions), totaling 96 plants in the experiment. 60 days after planting, plant leaves were evaluated using the following physiological characteristics: total chlorophyll content (SFR-G and SFR_R); flavonoid index (FLAV); anthocyanin index (ANT_RG and ANT_RB) and nitrogen balance (NBI_G and NBI_R). Irrigation depth between 10.96 and 11.03 mmd-1 provided better values for the analyzed characteristics. Therefore, the 11 mmd-1 depth is the most suitable for the production of seedlings, based on the physiological evaluations.
Fruit canopy position and harvest date influence on colour and quality of Imperial mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)
Authors: Adhikari Prakash , Singh Zora , Tokala Vijay Yadav , Kyaw Poe Nandar , Walsh Bronwyn
Published: June 2020

Rind colour and taste are important factors influencing consumer acceptance of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit. In this experiment, the influence of fruit canopy position and harvest date on the fruit rind colour and other quality parameters of Imperial mandarins was investigated. The mandarin fruit were harvested from four different positions in the tree canopy i.e., upper-inner, upper-outer, lower-inner and lower-outer and at three different harvest dates (H1 (five days before commercial harvest date); H2 (commercial harvest date) and H3 (five days after commercial harvest date). The experiment was conducted using a two factors (fruit position and harvest time) factorial randomised block design with four replicates and fifteen fruit per replicate. Rind colour and the quality of Imperial mandarins were significantly affected by the fruit position in the tree canopy, with the fruit harvested from the upper canopy having better rind colour and higher levels of organic acids and sugars compared to other positions. The late harvested (H3) mandarins exhibited the best fruit colour. In conclusion, the Imperial mandarin fruit had better fruit colour as well as quality when harvested from the upper canopy and by delaying the fruit harvest date by five days from the original commercial harvest date.
In vitro fungitoxic potential of Lippia gracilis (Schauer) essential oil against phytopathogens
Authors: França Kevison Romulo da Silva , Alves Flavia Mota de Figueredo , Lima Tiago Silva , Xavier Alda Leaby dos Santos , Azevedo Plínio Tércio Medeiros de , Araújo Ionaly Gomes de , Nóbrega Lídia Pinheiro da , Paiva Yaroslávia Ferreira , Barboza Hailton da Silva , Júnior Antônio Francisco de Mendonça , Rodrigues Ana Paula Medeiros dos Santos , Cardoso Tiago Augusto Lima
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates the in vitro effects of Lippia gracilis essential oil on the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of eight treatments. Five replicates were evaluated for each experimental group. The essential oil was incorporated into the potato dextrose culture medium and poured into Petri dishes. Treatments were comprised of different concentrations of the oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), a negative control (0.0%), and two positive controls (commercial fungicides). The plates were inoculated with fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. musae, C. fructicola, C. asianum, Alternaria alternata, A. brassicicola, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae and were incubated for seven days at 27 ± 2°C. The following variables were measured to verify the differences observed among treatments: percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and index of mycelial growth speed. All concentrations of L. gracilis oil inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal species evaluated. The complete inhibition was observed between concentrations of 0.0125 and 0.1%. Treatment with oil inhibited fungal growth with similar, or even greater, efficiency than commercial fungicides.. We recommend the development of in vivo tests to verify whether L. gracilis essential oil can protect against fungal disease in live plants.
Application of hemin-induced growth and biochemical modifications in Hassawi okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) grown in seawater salinity
Authors: Amin Osman Ali Hag El , kersh Mohamed Abdel Mohsen El , Azooz Mohamed Mahgoub
Published: June 2020

The present study investigated the possible protective role of hemin (75 µM) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants grown under diluted seawater (seawater/normal water) in plastic bags on loam soil and compost (1:1). Four levels of seawater were prepared by diluting seawater to give 1.8, 3.6, 5.4 and 7.2 dsm-1. Okra plants were irrigated with these concentrations of seawater. The effects of seawater salinity on okra plants were evaluated by determining growth parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity ascrobate content, α-amylase, protease and lipid peroxidation in the presence or absence of hemin. The study found that seawater salinity resulted in a high level of lipid peroxidation, which was associated with significant decrease in growth parameters and protease activity. The activity of SOD, CAT and ascorbate content were increased significantly, compared to control plants. Alleviation effect of hemin was obvious on growth parameters at most salinity levels. This was associated by enhancement of CAT and α-amylase activities and reduction of lipid peroxidation compared to the corresponding untreated salinized plants. So hemin could play a central function as a signal molecule in salt tolerance of okra plants. The results of this study demonstrated that okra can be grown successfully using diluted seawater and the different antioxidants could partially alleviate the harmful effects of seawater stress that reflected on growth and some physiological changes of okra plant. According to these findings, it can be pronounced that the treatment of salinized okra with hemin (75 µM) may reduce the negative impact of light salinity stress.
The changes of physical properties in ‘Elsanta’ strawberries from the winter and summer cultivations after vibration tests
Authors: Chaiwong Saowapa , Bishop Chris F. H.
Published: June 2020

Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) cv. ‘Elsanta’ were grown in the greenhouse during the winter and summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. A vibration test of strawberry fruits from these cultivations was carried out at the two frequency levels of 3 Hz and 5 Hz for 150 sec plus a control of no vibration to simulate transport. The physical properties (fruit weight, puncture, compression, electrical conductivity (EC), and respiration rate) and bruise incidence of fruits were determined after the vibration test (day 0) and after storage at 10oC (±1oC) and 70% RH (±5% RH) for 3 days (day 3). A higher average temperature (21 as opposed 25oC) during strawberry growth and development of the summer crop gave a shorter period for harvesting, with a smaller fruit and a softer fruit as compared to a lower average temperature in the winter cultivation (8 to 21oC). The fruit from the summer cultivation when vibrated at a frequency of 5 Hz were observed to have significantly higher for wet bruise (50% of total fruits), electrical conductivity (EC) and respiration rate (63.78 mgCO2/kg.hr), as well as lower firmness values (puncture and compression tests) than other treatments (p≤0.05). The lower vibration level at 3 Hz of the winter strawberries did not affect the percentage of bruise and both firmness values (p>0.05), whilst the EC method could noticeably distinguish the bruise incidence, particularly for a frequency of 5 Hz (p≤0.05). The EC method gave a highly significant correlation with wet bruise (r = 0.854) and severity score (r = -0.499) when compared with either firmness tests (puncture and compression) or respiration rate (p≤0.01). The EC technique is suggested for use as a bruise indicator of strawberries and an application for a bruise assessment for a whole strawberry punnet during postharvest handling operation and transport.
Application of the LUminometric Methylatoion Assay for plant ecological researches: the study of global DNA methylation in leaves of Elodea canadensis under laboratory conditions and in leaves of fen orchid from wild populations
Authors: Škute Natalja , Savicka Marina , Petjukevičs Aleksandrs , Harlamova Nadežda
Published: June 2020

The epigenetic changes in the genome of plants are one of the important regulatory mechanisms in response to the environmental factors. The LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA) requires a relatively small DNA amount, a short processing time and is easily adapted for species with a non-resolved genome. The LUMA has not been previously used for ecological research of plants. In this research, LUMA was used for the first time to investigate the changes of global DNA methylation under different environmental factors in the leaves of different plants. The influence of salinity on global DNA methylation was studied on aquatic macrophyte Elodea canadensis Michx, which grew in aquatic tanks under different NaCl concentrations. After the third week of growth, the HpaII/MspI ratio was measured by LUMA and global DNA methylation percentages were calculated. The results showed salt stress-induced changes in the global DNA methylation level in E.canadensis leaves, compared to control. The response was salt dose-dependent. The changes of global DNA methylation in wildlife plant populations were analogically assessed on fen orchid Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. It was shown that global DNA methylation level was higher in leaves of these plants in Engure Lake, where there are temporary changes in water regime, compared to leaves of plants from other places. It was assumed that global GC-DNA methylation plays an essential role in the survival of this plant. Therefore, we show the possibilities of using the LUMA method for epigenetic study of different plants ecological researches.
Genome-wide identification of miRNAs targets involved in cold response in cassava
Authors: Li Shuxia , Cheng Zhihao , Peng Ming
Published: June 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as essential transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulators, and play versatile roles in plants growth, development and stress responses. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a major root crop widely grown worldwide. Cold stress seriously affects cassava plants growth, development and yield. MiRNAs and their targets have been extensively studied in model plants, but a genome-wide identification of miRNAs’ targets is still lacking in cassava. In this study, two degradome libraries were constructed using cold-treated and control cassava seedlings to identify the roles of miRNAs and their targets in response to cold stress. Following high-throughput sequencing and comparing with miRNA database, degradome data allowed us to identify a total of 151 non-redundant miRNA-target pairs. We revealed that ~ 42% of miRNA targets are conserved across plant species. However, 83 novel miRNA targets were identified in the two libraries. Gene ontology analyses showed that many target genes involved in cellular and metabolic process. In addition, 12 miRNAs and 31 corresponding targets of them were further found to be involved in cold stress response. Particularly, miR159, 164 and 396 participated in cold stress response by up-regulating certain transcription factors that were involved in the regulation of downstream gene expression. The work helps identifing cold-responsive miRNA targets in cassava and increases the number of novel targets involved in cold stress response. Furthermore, the findings of this study might provide valuable reference and new insights for understanding the functions of miRNA in stress response in plants.
Corporate brand image and switching behavior: case of mobile telecommunications customers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chigwende Shylet , Govender Krishna
Published: June 2020

Mobile telecommunication service providers in Zimbabwe are using a brand image to market their products and minimize brand switching, resulting from increased market competition. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 385 participants in Zimbabwe. The sample size was determined using Rao software sample size calculator to extract an acceptable sample from apopulation of 1,973,906 inhabitants. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and were also tested for reliability and validity using SPSS version 20. It was ascertained that 70% of the respondents’ switched SIM cards, 20% never switched, and 10% were indifferent to the different providers. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that mobile network service providers’ brand image positively affects customer satisfaction, a positive relationship exists between mobile network service providers’ brand image and consumer brand switching behavior, customer satisfaction positively affects their loyalty. Corporate brand image indirectly affects customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. The researchers recommend marketers to consider the findings when designing strategies for marketing mobile network services.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors of this paper greatly appreciate the support and cooperation they received from the Postal and Telecommunications Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) and research participants during the survey.
Women Authorship of Scholarly Publications on COVID-19: Leadership Analysis
Authors: Bhagat Vijay
Published: June 2020

Women are continuously underrepresented in authorship of scholarly publications. 1) The authorship positions as first -, last and corresponding author, and 2) performance as citations and Altmetric records of published papers are indicators of leadership qualities of the authors. Comparative leadership qualities of women authors were calculated using odds ratios. The proportion analysis was performed to get comparative contributions and per article citations and Altmetric records to understand the quality of publications. Information about scholarly publications was downloaded from Dimensions and data about names and gender was collected from different online sources. Author’s gender was detected based on first name.
The proportions of women authorship as first, last and corresponding author were calculated to understand the share of women in scholarly publications. Women show underrepresentation in authorship of scholarly publications on COVID-19. Female-to-male odds ratio was calculated for these authorships and the performance was calculated of research papers authored by women as first and last authors. Female-to-male odds ratios calculated for 1) women authorships as first author, 2) citations, and 3) Altmetric tracking records for articles authored by women as first author were more than 1. Further, 1) women authorship as last- and corresponding authors and 2) citations and Altmetric tracking records for articles authored women as last author show calculated value were less than 1. All these ratios were considered as indicators of women leadership in scholarly publications on COVID-19. Leadership index was calculated to understand the level of women leadership in this field. Calculated leadership index for women (7.11) shows leadership qualities of women authors. Financial support provided was almost equal for research reported in women and men first authored papers. The field is very new; it is as active and challenging area of research for social justice and welfare society. The method and results reported in the paper is useful for preparation of research policies and monitoring the research projects, grants with feminist approach.
Oxidative destruction of phenol on Fe/SiO2 catalysts
Authors: Arefieva O. D. , Vasilyeva M. S. , Kuryavy V. G. , Ustinov A. Yu , Zemnukhova L. A. , Gushchina D. D.
Published: June 2020

In the present study, the sol-gel technique helped to obtain Fe-containing samples with a base of amorphous silicon dioxide from rice husks RH-Fe and RH-Fe-300. These materials are characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase and X-ray spectral analysis. It was shown that the samples contain silicate structures Si-O-Si(Fe) and are in an amorphous state. Structure of the surface layers of RH-Fe-300 catalyst particles was established for the first time using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive spectra (EDX) methods. It was shown that the surface layers of the synthesized particles are oxygen depleted due to oxygen vacancies and silanol groups, therefore defects can form in its structure. Photocatalytic activity of the samples in the phenol oxidation reaction under ultraviolet and solar irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was studied. It was shown that the degree of phenol decomposition in the presence of RH-Fe for 24 hours under solar irradiation was 92%, in the presence of RH-Fe – 17%. Under two-stage irradiation (ultraviolet and solar), the percentage of phenol decomposition using both catalysts after a day amounted to more than 80%. It was established that RH-Fe-300 catalyst increases oxidation of phenolic compounds in alkaline rice husk hydrolysates under solar irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
Formation and characteristics of filamentous granular sludge
Authors: Cheng Wenjing , Zhang Liguo , Xu Wenjie , Sun Yichen , Wan Junfeng , Li Haisong , Wang Yan
Published: June 2020

Aerobic granular sludge process as a promising biotechnology has been one of the research hotspots in the area of wastewater treatment during the last two decades. In our study, after around 60 days' operation, filamentous granular sludge (FGS) was formed under low aeration (SAV = 0.085 cm/s) and multi-feeding conditions. The characteristics of FGS and the performance of the FGS system for organic matter and nutrients removal were investigated. The results showed that COD and TOC removal efficiencies were relatively stable, while COD removal efficiency increased from 82% to 94% in the presence of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) at low concentration (1 mg/L). At the same time, the TP removal efficiency could be improved and maintained at around 75%, while TN removal efficiency was flocculated at around 50%. The analysis of microbial diversity showed that Thiothrix and Trichococcus as typical filamentous species were detected and dominant in the FGS system. The abundance of Thiothrix increased from 15% to 34%, while Trichococcus decreased from 23% to 3% in the presence of SMZ.
Cartilage Tissue and Therapeutic Strategies for Cartilage Repair
Authors: Khajeh Sahar , Bozorg-Ghalati Farzaneh , Zare Mina , Panahi Ghodratollah , Razban Vahid
Published: June 2020

:

High incidence of articular cartilage defects is still a major challenge in
orthopedic and trauma surgery worldwide. It also has great socioeconomic effects as it is
the major cause of disability in industrialized countries. This highlights the essential need
for new treatments. Knowledge about the factors that have been implicated in the
pathogenesis of cartilage diseases, including changes in the composition and structure
of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), molecular factors and environmental
signaling pathways could help the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.

:

It is consensuses that the success of any technology aiming to repair chondral defects
will be dependent upon its ability to produce tissues that most closely replicate the
mechanical and biochemical properties of native cartilage. Increasing the knowledge
about cartilage tissue and its molecular biomarkers could help find new and useful
therapeutic approaches in cartilage damage. This review tries to describe cartilage
tissue biology in detail and discuss different available therapeutic modalities with their
pros and cons. New cartilage regeneration strategies and therapies, focusing on cellbased
therapy and tissue engineering, and their underlying molecular and cellular bases
will be pointed out as well.
Actualización taxonómica de las algas rojas (Rhodophyta) marinas bentónicas del Atlántico mexicano
Authors: García García Annie May Ek , Cabrera Becerril Ernesto , Núñez Reséndiz María Luisa , Dreckmann Kurt M. , Sentíes Abel
Published: June 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Desde las contribuciones de Dreckmann en 1998 y Ortega et al. en 2001, no se han realizado otros trabajos compilatorios para el Atlántico mexicano en los que se consideren modificaciones y actualizaciones taxonómicas para la flora ficológica de la zona. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un listado actualizado de las algas rojas de la costa mexicana del Golfo de México y el Caribe mexicano, en el que se consideran los nuevos registros para la región a partir de los trabajos mencionados hasta la fecha.
Métodos: La información de las especies se obtuvo revisando la mayor cantidad de literatura publicada para el área de estudio, desde 2001 a la fecha y algunos registros previos no considerados antes, así como las bases de datos del Herbario Metropolitano UAMIZ. La sinonimia y el estatus nomenclatural de cada nombre, así como el sistema de clasificación utilizado, fueron revisados en AlgaeBase.
Resultados clave: Se obtuvo un listado florístico con 451 especies y 13 categorias infraespecificas de algas rojas distribuidas en 4 clases, 23 órdenes, 52 familias y 171 géneros. Para cada especie se menciona su estado nomenclatural actualmente aceptado, su sinonimia y su distribución. Además, se resaltan con un asterisco aquellos registros antiguos (previos al 2002), así como su distribución por ambiente.
Conclusiones: El presente listado reveló dos grandes cambios a la previamente conocida flora de las algas rojas de la zona de estudio. El primero de ellos se encuentra en el terreno de la nomenclatura, e implica una modificación a la clasificación de los taxones (familias, géneros, especies). El segundo repercute en el número de especies presentes. Dado lo anterior, es evidente la necesidad de un monitoreo florístico constante a lo largo del litoral del Atlántico mexicano.
Groundwork of artificial intelligence humanities
Authors: Lee Chankyu , Kim Hyeongjoo
Published: June 2020

The aim of the Artificial Intelligence Humanities is to present humanistic suggestions for our lives and academia regarding how humans will live in a smart city surrounded by artificial intelligence technology. With that purpose in mind, we introduce the groundwork for the Artificial Intelligence Humanities and share our related concerns. As a concept, “Artificial Intelligence Humanities” comprises three elements: “artificial intelligence,” “content of the humanities,” and “methodology of the humanities.” The “content of the humanities,” comprises the derivatives of the traditional humanities, namely, linguistics, literature, history, ethics, sociology, and cultural studies. These five research areas, along with the discipline created through the traditional humanities’ acceptance of the changes brought by the age of intelligence, are derived by reflecting on oneself and the world, and they are applied to the world as it exists today in the age of artificial intelligence and the humanities.
Is the Croatian Medical law in harmony with the International comparative standards on the right to self-determination?
Authors: Muzny Petr
Published: June 2020

Are Jehovah’s Witnesses (JW) outstanding patients? One might answer in the affirmative. Is not their refusal of blood transfusions, a treatment traditionally considered as a life-saving treatment, problematic both from the medical and legal viewpoint? However, traditions are not everlasting. Both modern medical science and legal standards have greatly improved during the last two decades. Over the last few years, JW medical choice has become standard treatment for many physicians specialized in bloodless surgeries. From the legal standpoint, laws and case-law worldwide have been moving in the same direction: a patient endowed with discernment has the absolute right to choose the treatment he/she deems the most appropriate according to his/her own personal values. In light of this evolution worldwide, JW patients have become ordinary patients.
Since this is not the case in Croatia yet, this article seeks to put the Croatian legislation in harmony with the international standards by using the example of JW. It does so by answering five fundamental questions: 1) Should a JW patient be forced to undergo a blood transfusion against his or her will? 2) Should a JW patient be forced to undergo a blood transfusion in an emergency situation where life is at risk, and the patient is unconscious? 3) Can a doctor refuse to treat a JW patient because the patient refuses to accept a treatment deemed life-saving? 4) Can a doctor be held liable for respecting a JW patient’s wishes if the patient dies? 5) Can a doctor be held liable for overriding a JW patient’s wishes and administering a blood transfusion by force?
Jahr and Potter
Authors: de Araújo Antonio Fábio Medrado , Lins-Kusterer Liliane , Reis Nilo , Ciruzzi Maria Susana , Martins Netto Eduardo
Published: June 2020

With the science of survival article and lately the book “bridge to the future” Potter became famous releasing the neologism “bioethics” and then known as the founder of bioethics. However, 43 years before, Jahr had proposed a similar idea in the article “Bio-ethics: reviewing the ethical relations of humans towards animals and plants (translated from German)”. We propose to correct the idea that Jahr is merely a precursor—and not a founder—of bioethics, here speculating the bridge bioethics of Rensselaer Potter as close similarity with Jahr’s thoughts. Following the “content analysis” method, a table was built to compare the theoretical schemes of Potter and Jahr, correlating by qualitative meta-analysis, each paragraph of Jahr’s base text (1927) with Potter’s analogous (1970). The similarity of the texts reveals that, in theory, Potter benefited from Jahrist utopia, imposing it a reductionist lineage. Potter expresses, therefore, an ethnological capture of jahrism.
Композитные матрицы на основе сополиамида и полипиррола для тканевой инженерии
Authors: Смирнова Н.В. , Сапурина И.Ю. , Шишов М.А. , Колбе К.А. , Иванькова Е.М. , Матреничев В.В. , Юдин В.Е.
Published: June 2020

It was demonstrated that conducting polymers can be used in development of bioactive matrices for tissue engineering. The most promising conducting polymer for biomedical applications is polypyrrole. Due to a number of useful properties, polypyrrole can be used in designing “smart” biologically active materials. In order to improve mechanical properties of the composite matrices, aliphatic copolyamide was used. Thin polymeric films were obtained from solution of this copolyamide; the solution was also used in preparation of non-woven fibrous mats by electrospinning. Copolyamide films were modified with pyrrole in the process of its oxidative polymerization to give the desired composite matrices. The obtained samples demonstrated suitable performance characteristics and a sufficient conductivity level for cell technologies. In vitro experiments showed that the matrices based on copolyamide and polypyrrole provide good survivability, adhesion and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts.
Возможности метода задающей маски для исследования характеристик планарных ВТСП-структур в зависимости от толщины сверхпроводящей пленки
Authors: Мастеров Д.В. , Павлов С.А. , Парафин А.Е. , Юнин П.А.
Published: June 2020

Unlike traditional methods of fabrication of the planar superconducting structures based on YBCO films, in which etching or ion implantation is used to form the topology, in the method of preliminary topology mask (TM), the topology is set at the initial stage of the structure manufacturing process, during the formation of TM, and the deposition of YBCO is its final stage. Superconducting elements of the structure are formed in the windows of the TM, and insulating regions are formed between them. In this paper, having fixed the topology of superconducting bridges at the stage of the formation of TM, we measured their characteristics depending on the thickness of the YBCO film, sequentially conducting deposition cycles. After each YBCO deposition, the structural parameters of the film as well as the critical temperature and current at the bridges, including those with Josephson contacts formed on the bicrystalline substrate, were measured.
Исследование морфологии поверхности и химического состава кремния, имплантированного ионами меди
Authors: Воробьев В.В. , Гумаров А.И. , Тагиров Л.Р. , Рогов А.М. , Нуждин В.И. , Валеев В.Ф. , Степанов А.Л.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the results of studies of the structure and chemical composition of the surface of single-crystal silicon c-Si substrates implanted with Cu^+ ions with an energy of 40 keV and doses in the range of 3.1 · 10^15 - 1.25 · 10^17 ions/cm^2 at a current density in the ion beam of 8 μA/cm^2. Using scanning electron and probe microscopy in combination with X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy it was found that at the initial stage of irradiation with Cu^+ ions up to a dose of 6.25 · 10^16 ions/cm^2 Cu metal nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm are formed in the surface layer of Si. With a further increase in the implantation dose starting from a value of 1.25 · 10^17 ions/cm^2 and higher the η-phase of copper silicide η-Cu3Si nucleates. This circumstance is due to the heating of the near-surface layer of Si substrate during its irradiation to a temperature conducive to the phase formation of η-Cu3Si.
Рентгеноструктурное исследование аморфно-кристаллического фазового перехода в Ni
Authors: Ковалев Д.Ю. , Чуев И.И.
Published: June 2020

ave been obtained by high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction study. The amorphous structure of nanosized Ni particles is stable up to 200 ℃. Ni nanocrystals are formed in the temperature range of 300–600 ℃. The sizes of the coherent scattering regions (CSR) depend on the temperature of isothermal annealing and they are in the 5–15 nm interval. The activation energy of nanocrystal growth has been estimated. It is 67.3 kJ/mol. The relationship between the unit cell parameter of nanocrystalline Ni and the size of the CSR has been determined. An increase in the CSR of Ni nanoparticles causes the increase in the cell metric.
Резистивное переключение в структурах металл-оксид-полупроводник с наноостровками GeSi на подложке кремния
Authors: Тихов С.В. , Шенгуров В.Г. , Денисов С.А. , Антонов И.Н. , Круглов А.В. , Белов А.И. , Филатов Д.О. , Горшков О.Н. , Михайлов А.Н.
Published: June 2020

The self-assembled GeSi nanoislands built into the semiconductor-insulator interface of the MOS-structures based on Si(001) with SiOx and ZrO2(Y) oxide layers deposited by magnetron sputtering have been shown to initiate bipolar resistive switching without preliminary electroforming. The current-voltage curves and electrical parameters of the MOS-structures in the high-resistance state and in the low-resistance state have been studied. A change in the built-in charge in the dielectric near the insulator-semiconductor interface during resistive switching is established and associated with the formation and destruction of conductive filaments. The light-stimulated resistive switching of MOS-structures with ZrO2(Y) layer from the high-resistance to the low-resistance state is observed, which is associated with an increase in the conductivity of the space-charge region in the Si substrate due to interband optical absorption in Si, which causes a voltage redistribution between Si and ZrO2(Y) layer. A difference in the shape of the small signal photo-voltage spectra of MOS-structures is found in the spectral region of intrinsic photosensitivity of Si in the high and low resistance states due to the leakage of photo-excited charge carriers from Si to the metal electrode through filaments.
Leveraging User Experience to Improve Video Consultations in a Cardiology Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Initial Insights
Authors: Vandekerckhove Pieter , Vandekerckhove Yves , Tavernier Rene , De Jaegher Kelly , de Mul Marleen
Published: June 2020

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, cardiologists have attempted to minimize risks to their patients by using telehealth to provide continuing care. Rapid implementation of video consultations in outpatient clinics for patients with heart disease can be challenging. We employed a design thinking tool called a customer journey to explore challenges and opportunities when using video communication software in the cardiology department of a regional hospital. Interviews were conducted with 5 patients with implanted devices, a nurse, an information technology manager and two cardiologists. Three lessons were identified based on these challenges and opportunities. Attention should be given to the ease of use of the technology, the meeting features, and the establishment of the connection between the cardiologist and the patient. Further, facilitating the role of an assistant (or virtual assistant) with the video consultation software who can manage the telehealth process may improve the success of video consultations. Employing design thinking to implement video consultations in cardiology and to further implement telehealth is crucial to build a resilient health care system that can address urgent needs beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spelling Errors and Shouting Capitalization Lead to Additive Penalties to Trustworthiness of Online Health Information: Randomized Experiment With Laypersons (Preprint)
Authors: Witchel Harry J , Thompson Georgina A , Jones Christopher I , Westling Carina E I , Romero Juan , Nicotra Alessia , Maag Bruno , Critchley Hugo D
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The written format and literacy competence of screen-based texts can interfere with the perceived trustworthiness of health information in online forums, independent of the semantic content. Unlike in professional content, the format in unmoderated forums can regularly hint at incivility, perceived as deliberate rudeness or casual disregard toward the reader, for example, through spelling errors and unnecessary emphatic capitalization of whole words (online shouting).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to quantify the comparative effects of spelling errors and inappropriate capitalization on ratings of trustworthiness independently of lay insight and to determine whether these changes act synergistically or additively on the ratings.

METHODS

In web-based experiments, 301 UK-recruited participants rated 36 randomized short stimulus excerpts (in the format of information from an unmoderated health forum about multiple sclerosis) for trustworthiness using a semantic differential slider. A total of 9 control excerpts were compared with matching error-containing excerpts. Each matching error-containing excerpt included 5 instances of misspelling, or 5 instances of inappropriate capitalization (shouting), or a combination of 5 misspelling plus 5 inappropriate capitalization errors. Data were analyzed in a linear mixed effects model.

RESULTS

The mean trustworthiness ratings of the control excerpts ranged from 32.59 to 62.31 (rating scale 0-100). Compared with the control excerpts, excerpts containing only misspellings were rated as being 8.86 points less trustworthy, those containing inappropriate capitalization were rated as 6.41 points less trustworthy, and those containing the combination of misspelling and capitalization were rated as 14.33 points less trustworthy (P<.001 for all). Misspelling and inappropriate capitalization show an additive effect.

CONCLUSIONS

Distinct indicators of incivility independently and additively penalize the perceived trustworthiness of online text independently of lay insight, eliciting a medium effect size.
Lessons Learned From an Evaluation of Serious Gaming as an Alternative to Mannequin-Based Simulation Technology: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Benda Natalie C , Kellogg Kathryn M , Hoffman Daniel J , Fairbanks Rollin J , Auguste Tamika
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The use of new technology like virtual reality, e-learning, and serious gaming can offer novel, more accessible options that have been demonstrated to improve learning outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare the educational effectiveness of serious game–based simulation training to traditional mannequin-based simulation training and to determine the perceptions of physicians and nurses. We used an obstetric use case, namely electronic fetal monitoring interpretation and decision making, for our assessment.

METHODS

This study utilized a mixed methods approach to evaluate the effectiveness of the new, serious game–based training method and assess participants’ perceptions of the training. Participants were randomized to traditional simulation training in a center with mannequins or serious game training. They then participated in an obstetrical in-situ simulation scenario to assess their learning. Participants also completed a posttraining perceptions questionnaire.

RESULTS

The primary outcome measure for this study was the participants’ performance in an in-situ mannequin-based simulation scenario, which occurred posttraining following a washout period. No significant statistical differences were detected between the mannequin-based and serious game–based groups in overall performance, although the study was not sufficiently powered to conclude noninferiority. The survey questions were tested for significant differences in participant perceptions of the educational method, but none were found. Qualitative participant feedback revealed important areas for improvement, with a focus on game realism.

CONCLUSIONS

The serious game training tool developed has potential utility in providing education to those without access to large simulation centers; however, further validation is needed to demonstrate if this tool is as effective as mannequin-based simulation.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Country-level Association of Socioeconomic, Environmental and Healthcare-Related Factors with the Disease-Burden and Mortality Rate of COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Chowdhury Tasnuva , Mahbub Upal , Rahman Tauhidur
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly expanding throughout the world right now. Caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus, the manifestation of this pandemic is showing different level of disease-burden and mortality rate in different countries.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we investigated the effects of several socio-economic, environmental, and healthcare related factors on the disease burden and mortality rate of COIVID-19 across countries. Our experimental results provide a macro-level understanding of the most influential factors associated with the disease burden and mortality rate metrics.

METHODS

We developed a multiple-linear regression model using backward elimination to find the best fitting between reported death and cases across countries for country-level aggregated independent factors keeping COVID-19 test statistic in consideration.

RESULTS

Our results show that while the COVID-19 pandemic is seemed to be spreading more rapidly in economically affluent countries, it Is more deadly in countries with inadequate healthcare infrastructure, lower capacity of handling epidemics and lower allocation of healthcare budget.

CONCLUSIONS

Taking the number of tests performed into account and normalizing the countries based on the cumulative distribution of cases across days, our analysis on the standardized factors provide both the direction and relative importance of different factors leading to several compelling insights to the most influential socio-economic and healthcare infrastructure-related factors from a country-level view.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Debates electorales presidenciales bajo la mirada deliberativa. Caso México, 2012 y 2018
Authors: Islas Flores Ivan
Published: June 2020

Los procesos electorales y sus prácticas asociadas de comunicación política representan elementos esenciales en regímenes democráticos. Propongo enriquecer la comprensión de campañas electorales a partir de la perspectiva deliberativa. La ventaja clave de una alta calidad deliberativa en campañas consiste en la posibilidad de contribuir al incremento de la racionalidad del voto, factor crucial en democracias incipientes. Este artículo expone el análisis y la evaluación del comportamiento discursivo y deliberativo de candidatos a la presidencia en seis debates en las elecciones federales mexicanas de 2012 y 2018.Para evaluar la calidad deliberativa en los debates, empleé elementos del Discourse Quality Index(DQI). Los resultados en la elección de 2012 muestran que, en contraste con los primeros dos debates efectuados bajo formatos tradicionales, el diseño del tercero (#YoSoy132) “forzó” a los candidatos a justificar sus posturas y relacionarse dialógicamente. Por su parte, en la elección de 2018, cuyos moderadores, auditorio y candidatos interactuaron de forma directa, se incrementó la calidad deliberativa en ciertos aspectos, aunque no necesariamente en el nivel argumentativo.
"A por esos gachupines fascistas": El Popular de Lombardo Toledano y su ofensiva contra Falange Española en México
Authors: Sola Ayape Carlos
Published: June 2020

En junio de 1938 vio la luz en México el primer número de El Popular por iniciativa del líder sindical Vicente Lombardo Toledano, secretario general de la Confederación de Trabajadores de México. El periódico nacía con la vocación de canalizar la voz del proletariado mexicano, aunque muy pronto, y ante el devenir de los acontecimientos nacionales e internacionales, se convirtió en el abanderado de la prensa antifascista en México e incluso en el resto de América Latina. Así, el objetivo de estas páginas es analizar el papel desempeñado por El Popular ante la progresiva penetración del falangismo español en México, en un contexto histórico donde el fascismo se mostraba como la verdadera amenaza a la democracia en el
mundo, tal y como pudo comprobarse en la Guerra Civil Española.
Chivos expiatorios de la recesión de 1953: panaderos españoles y trabajadores agrícolas migrantes
Authors: Vézina Catherine
Published: June 2020

Los primeros meses de la presidencia de Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1952-1958) fueron cruciales para consolidar una nueva imagen de la administración federal priista y terminar con la idea de un gobierno corrupto y despilfarrador. La campaña contra el encarecimiento de la vida se combinó pronto con una campaña de moralidad pública que fomentó un discurso nacionalista excluyente. Este artículo se interesa en la relación entre la situación económica y política adversa y la promoción de un discurso patriótico basado en la búsqueda de chivos expiatorios. A través de la prensa capitalina y de regiones preocupadas por la emigración, se observan en lo particular los casos de los panaderos españoles, vistos como responsables del encarecimiento del pan, y de los trabajadores migrantes, antipatrióticos por haber abandonado al campo mexicano. 
Dos décadas de tesis de Farmacia en México (1897-1919)
Authors: Ortiz-Reynoso Mariana , Schifter Aceves Liliana , Muciño Murillo Irlanda Geraldine
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo analiza por primera vez las 39 tesis de la carrera de Farmacia elaboradas por los alumnos de la Escuela Nacional de Medicina entre 1897 y 1917. Los trabajos abarcan principalmente temas relativos al análisis químico de diversos tipos de sustratos, estudios relacionados con plantas medicinales, aplicaciones bacteriológicas a procesos farmacéuticos, particularidades de algunas formas farmacéuticas y en menor medida aspectos de legislación, historia y ejercicio farmacéuticos. Las tesis de farmacia analizadas en este trabajo son fuentes primarias de información valiosa ya que permiten conocer el nivel de desarrollo de la disciplina y establecer la relación entre el perfil profesional y el quehacer de los farmacéuticos mexicanos de la ENM a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX. El análisis de estos textos ayudará a comprender los elementos emergentes que dieron lugar a la transformación de un profesional experto en farmacia galénica a uno orientado hacia  el análisis químico de medicamentos y otros productos.
La rebelión de la Ciudadela hiere de muerte al gobierno de Madero: la historia militar por contar de la Decena Trágica
Authors: Ibarrola Bernardo
Published: June 2020

La explicación militar generalmente aceptada sobre la Decena Trágica parte del supuesto de la superioridad militar de las fuerzas leales al gobierno y de la decisión de su comandante en jefe de no utilizarlas y así negociar con los amotinados y debilitar al gobierno de Madero. Este artículo propone una explicación distinta: debido a la posesión del mayor arsenal del país por parte de los amotinados, con armas de última generación cuyas características operativas todavía no eran bien comprendidas, ocurrió un estancamiento militar que hacía imposible su derrota rápida y llevó a la búsqueda de una conclusión del conflicto por medio del acuerdo y no de la fuerza; el golpe militar del 18 de febrero que concluyó con el gobierno de Madero fue condición previa para concretar este acuerdo, no su consecuencia.
Poesía y política en el México republicano: una lectura de Ignacio Ramírez en Don Simplicio, 1845-1847
Authors: Piccato Pablo
Published: June 2020

Este artículo examina las ideas de Ignacio Ramírez y sus contemporáneos sobre los usos políticos de la poesía. Se concentra en el periodo en el que Ignacio Ramírez y Guillermo Prieto escribieron el periódico satírico Don Simplicio, opositor al gobierno de Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga y al proyecto monarquista. A pesar de la inminencia de la guerra contra los Estados Unidos, Ramírez hizo una crítica del nacionalismo y de la poesía existente. Su objetivo era sentar las bases para un lenguaje público renovado y democrático en el cual la poesía desempeñaría un lugar importante.
The Potent of Carrier Oil on Pretreatment of Crude Jatropha Curcas Oil
Authors: Kurniawati Dini , Aisyah Iis Siti
Published: June 2020

Jatropha curcas oil is a seed oil or bio-oil, which has advantages compared to others plant’s seed-oil.  The advantage of this oil is due to the fact that Jatropha oil does not compete with the food sector. In this research, the potential carrier oil testing was conducted to seek a way in improving the performance of Jatropha oil as lubricant oil, coolant or biodiesel. For this purpose, Jatropha oil was mixed with the other carrier oils in the variation of 0 – 45 %. Each variation was tested to obtain kinematic viscosity and density values. The results of this research was the carrier oils has the potential to be used as the mixing material since it can improve the physical properties of Jatropha oil, before the next process. Kinematic viscosity and density of Jatropha oil decreases as more percentage of mixed carrier oil was added.