bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Retrogression Always Account for the Large Volume of Submarine Megaslides? Evidence to the Contrary From the Tampen Slide, Offshore Norway
Authors: Barrett R. S. , Bellwald B. , Talling P. J. , Micallef A. , Gross F. , Berndt C. , Planke S. , Myklebust R. , Krastel S.
Published: December 2020

Submarine landslides can be several orders of magnitude larger than their terrestrial counterparts and can pose significant hazards across entire ocean basins. The landslide failure mechanism strongly controls the associated tsunami hazard. The Tampen Slide offshore Norway is one of the largest landslides on Earth but remains poorly understood due to its subsequent burial beneath up to 450 m of sediments. Here, we use laterally extensive (16,000 km2), high‐resolution processed 3‐D seismic reflection data to characterize the upper Tampen Slide. We identify longitudinal (downslope, movement‐parallel) chutes and ridges that are up to 40 m high, as well as extensional and compressional (cross‐slope) ridges. This is the first time that longitudinal ridges of such size have been imaged in a deep marine setting. The first phase of the Tampen Slide involved the simultaneous translation of over 720 km3 of sediments along a single failure plane. This was followed by spreading along the head‐ and sidewall, and the formation of a retrogressive debris flow and slump, the volumes of which are insignificant compared to the first failure. The process responsible for movement of such a large sediment volume along a single glide plane differs significantly from that of other passive margin megaslides, which typically comprise numerous smaller landslides that fail retrogressively along multiple glide planes. The trigger mechanism (e.g., an earthquake), the presence of mechanically strong obstructions (e.g., volcanic structural high), and the number and location of weak layers may be key factors that determine whether megaslides develop along a single plane or retrogressively.
Regional Moment Tensor Inversion Using Rotational Observations
Authors: Ichinose Gene A. , Ford Sean R. , Mellors Robert J.
Published: December 2020

There are benefits from the addition of rotational motions to translational displacements for moment tensor (MT) inversions. The rotational radiation pattern is orthogonal to the shear radiation pattern, thus incorporating rotations is equivalent to gaining another observation point on the focal sphere. We demonstrated this by simulating curl and displacement wavefields for a regional distance station. Thus, one 6‐C station (3‐Component translational + 3‐Component rotational) gathers the same information on radiation pattern as two 3‐C stations at 90° azimuth from one another along the focal plane axis, which is sometimes difficult to obtain when restricted to surface sensors. We added rotational Green's functions to a regional MT inversion scheme (long‐period, time‐domain, and linear inversion) by computing spatial gradients from f‐κ reflectivity synthetics. For rotational data, we used Array Derived Rotations (ADR) from Piñon Flats Observatory Array and Golay array deployed during IRIS Community Wavefield Demonstration Experiment. The hope is to ultimately use compact and field deployable broadband rotational seismometers instead of ADRs. Rotational motions were predicted from well‐constrained deviatoric MT solutions of nine earthquakes recorded by the arrays and other seismic networks. We formed three station sparse datasets with (3‐C and 6‐C) and without rotational ground motions (3‐C only) for eight earthquakes testing the benefits of including rotational waveforms in MT inversions when they are equally weighted with translational waveforms. Adding rotational motions improved the double‐couple components and reduced compensated‐linear‐vector‐dipole and isotropic components in full‐MT solutions using sparse datasets with poor coverage.
Buoyancy and Structure of Volatile‐Rich Silicate Melts
Authors: Solomatova Natalia V. , Caracas Razvan
Published: December 2020

The early Earth was marked by at least one global magma ocean. Melt buoyancy played a major role for its evolution. Here we model the composition of the magma ocean using a six‐component pyrolite melt, to which we add volatiles in the form of carbon as molecular CO or CO2 and hydrogen as molecular H2O or through substitution for magnesium. We compute the density relations from first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the addition of volatiles renders all the melts more buoyant compared to the reference volatile‐free pyrolite. The effect is pressure dependent, largest at the surface, decreasing to about 20 GPa, and remaining roughly constant to 135 GPa. The increased buoyancy would have enhanced convection and turbulence, and thus promoted the chemical exchanges of the magma ocean with the early atmosphere. We determine the partial molar volume of both H2O and CO2 throughout the magma ocean conditions. We find a pronounced dependence with temperature at low pressures, whereas at megabar pressures the partial molar volumes are independent of temperature. At all pressures, the polymerization of the silicate melt is strongly affected by the amount of oxygen added to the system while being only weakly affected by the specific type of volatile added.
The Influence of Climate on the Dynamics of Mountain Building Within the Northern Patagonian Andes
Authors: García Morabito Ezequiel , Beltrán‐Triviño Alejandro , Terrizzano Carla M. , Bechis Florencia , Likerman Jeremías , Von Quadt Albrecht , Ramos Víctor A.
Published: December 2020

Theoretical studies support the idea that the internal dynamics of actively deforming mountain ranges are influenced by spatial and temporal variations in climate. The identification of plausible correlations between orogen behavior and external climatic processes requires, among other factors, that the initiation and duration of any deformation event be precisely constrained. Here, we add new detrital zircon U‐Pb ages and 10Be surface exposure dating to the already extensive data set for the low‐temperature cooling history, to analyze the spatial patterns of deformation, and their temporal variations across the foreland of North Patagonia, with the aim of evaluating potential feedbacks between climate and deformation. Stratal relationships, together with geomorphic evidences of deformation document the precise timing of individual structures within the fold‐thrust belt and the broken foreland. Our data record a progressive decrease of upper‐plate shortening rates and subsidence after a first period of widespread deformation and uplift (ca. 13–7 Ma). This “transitional” foreland phase coeval to the onset of glacial conditions at 7.4–5 Ma is followed by a structural reorganization after ca. 3 Ma, marked by the abandonment of the foreland and enhanced slip on interior faults, with the intensification of glacial erosion at this time. We propose that acceleration in erosion rates during the past 7 Ma may have influenced the regional geometry and kinematic history of the orogenic belt. Our empirical results match theoretical predictions and provide compelling evidence at the scale of individual thrust faults for the significant impact of climate change on orogenic behavior.
Transcriptomic and genetic approaches reveal an essential role of the NAC transcription factor SlNAP1 in the growth and defense response of tomato
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zheng Chenfei , Shao Xiangqi , Hu Zhangjian , Li Jianxin , Wang Ping , Wang Anran , Yu Jingquan , Shi Kai
Published: December 2020

With global climate change, plants are frequently being exposed to various stresses, such as pathogen attack, drought, and extreme temperatures. Transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in numerous plant biological processes; however, the functions of many tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) TFs that regulate plant responses to multiple stresses are largely unknown. Here, using an RNA-seq approach, we identified SlNAP1, a NAC TF-encoding gene, which was strongly induced by various stresses. By generating SlNAP1 transgenic lines and evaluating their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato, we found that SlNAP1-overexpressing plants showed significantly enhanced defense against two widespread bacterial diseases, leaf speck disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000, and root-borne bacterial wilt disease, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In addition, SlNAP1 overexpression dramatically improved drought tolerance in tomato. Although the SlNAP1-overexpressing plants were shorter than the wild-type plants during the early vegetative stage, eventually, their fruit yield increased by 10.7%. Analysis of different hormone contents revealed a reduced level of physiologically active gibberellins (GAs) and an increased level of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the SlNAP1-overexpressing plants. Moreover, EMSAs and ChIP-qPCR assays showed that SlNAP1 directly activated the transcription of multiple genes involved in GA deactivation and both SA and ABA biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that SlNAP1 is a positive regulator of the tomato defense response against multiple stresses and thus may be a potential breeding target for improving crop yield and stress resistance.
Interfacial and emulsion-stabilizing properties of zein nanoparticles: differences among zein fractions (α-, β-, and γ-zein)
Authors: Gao Zhiming , Chen Gaiting , Lu Wei , Wu Yuehan , Hu Bing , Xu Longquan , Fang Yapeng , Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Phillips Glyn O.
Published: December 2020

Zein can be classified into α-, β-, γ-, and δ-zein, and the difference in amino acid compositions of these fractions could affect their physicochemical properties and functionalities.
Metal-free approach for hindered amide-bond formation with hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents: application to hindered peptide synthesis
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jun , Huang Xiao , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Maruoka Keiji
Published: December 2020

A new, bulky amide and peptide synthesis with hypervalent iodine(iii) reagent/pyridine–hydrogen fluoride complex under mild and metal-free conditions was developed by using α-amino esters with potential activating group (PAG) at the ester residue.
The German–Austrian S3 Guideline “Cardiogenic Shock Due to Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Treatment”
Authors: Pilarczyk Kevin , Werdan Karl , Russ Martin , Thiele Holger , Michels Guido , Boeken Udo , Thielmann Matthias
Published: December 2020

Despite advances in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with subsequent mortality reduction, which are mainly caused by the early timing of revascularization, cardiogenic shock still remains the leading cause of death with mortality rates still approaching 40 to 50%. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by a multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, often complicated by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that affects the outcome more than the reduction of the cardiac contractile function. However, both European and American guidelines on myocardial infarction focus on interventional or surgical aspects only. Therefore, experts from eight German and Austrian specialty societies including the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery published the German–Austrian S3 guideline “cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction: diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment” to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of infarction-related cardiogenic shock in 2010 covering the topics of early revascularization, revascularization techniques, intensive care unit treatment including ventilation, transfusion regimens, adjunctive medical therapy, and mechanical support devices. Within the last 3 years, this guideline was updated as some major recommendations were outdated, or new evidence had been found. This review will therefore outline the management of patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction according to the updated guideline with a major focus on evidence-based recommendations which have been found relevant for cardiac surgery.
25 Years' Experience with Redo Operations in Cardiac Surgery—Third-Time Sternotomy Procedures
Authors: Rupprecht Leopold , Schopka Simon , Keyser Andreas , Lunz Dirk , Sossalla Samuel , Hilker Michael , Schmid Christof
Published: December 2020

Background Over the years, open heart surgery has become more complex, and especially reoperative surgery, more demanding. The risk of third-time or more sternotomy procedures is unclear.

Methods We reviewed our institutional experience of 25 years based on two generations of cardiac surgeons in a German university medical center to document frequency, outcome, and complications of the various types of open heart procedures.

Results Overall, we included 104 patients with a mean age of 64 ± 13 years. The EuroSCORE II (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) calculated an average mortality risk of 15.7 ± 15.4%. Subgroup comparison of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic valve replacement, and mitral valve replacement procedures did not delineate significantly different risk profiles except for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, which was present in every second patient (53.3%) scheduled for CABG surgery. The time interval to previous surgery was 4.7 ± 6.3 years on average. Most frequent surgical procedures were valve operations, which were accomplished in 72 patients (69.2%), whereas coronary bypass surgery was performed in 23 patients (22.1%) only. Combined procedures were performed in 27 patients. Complex aortic arch replacement with a frozen elephant trunk procedure was necessary in six patients. Overall, 30-day survival was 81.7%.

Conclusion In conclusion, third-time and more sternotomy procedures offer acceptable outcome and should therefore be considered in appropriate patients.
Interpregnancy Body Mass Index Change and Risk of Intrapartum Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Kawakita Tetsuya , Franco Stephanie , Ghofranian Atoosa , Thomas Alexandra , Landy Helain J.
Published: December 2020

Objective This study aimed to examine the association between interpregnancy body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) change and intrapartum cesarean delivery in multiparous women without a history of cesarean delivery.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all women who had more than one singleton pregnancy at 23 weeks' gestation or greater at MedStar Washington Hospital Center from January 2009 to June 2018. We excluded women who had a history of cesarean delivery, prelabor cesarean delivery, and contraindications for vaginal delivery. Interpregnancy BMI change was calculated by the change of early pregnancy BMI measured in the office. Women were categorized according to the interpregnancy BMI change (BMI loss more than 2 kg/m2, BMI change ± 2 kg/m2, and BMI gain more than 2 kg/m2). The primary outcome was an intrapartum cesarean delivery. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for predefined covariates.

Results Of 2,168 women who were analyzed, 258 (12%), 1,192 (55%), and 718 (33%) had interpregnancy BMI loss more than 2 kg/m2, BMI change ± 2 kg/m2, and BMI gain more than 2 kg/m2, respectively. Women with BMI gain more than 2 kg/m2 compared with those with BMI change ± 2 kg/m2 had increased odds of intrapartum cesarean delivery (7.4 vs. 4.5%; aOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.10–2.86) and cesarean delivery for arrest disorders (3.1 vs. 1.1%; aOR: 3.06; 95% CI: 1.30–7.15). Women with BMI loss more than 2 kg/m2 compared with those with BMI change ± 2 kg/m2 had similar rates of cesarean delivery.

Conclusion Compared with interpregnancy BMI change ± 2 kg/m2, interpregnancy BMI gain 2 kg/m2 was associated with increased odds of intrapartum cesarean delivery.

Key Points
Facile preparation of hierarchical micro-nano FeF3·0.33H2O by a one-pot method with dual surfactants
Authors: Zeng Chaozhi , Chen Fengling , Ye Qing , Guo Qiang , Li Chaobo , Huang Chun
Published: December 2020

To prepare a hierarchical micro-nano structure FeF3·0.33H2O simply and economically, a one-pot method with dual surfactants was used. Scanning electron microscopy and a Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer revealed that polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) regulates the morphology of the material, while cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can reshape FF@PVP, it can not only remove PVP at room temperature, but also obtain a hierarchical micro-nano structure. The electrochemical results show that the hierarchical micro-nano structure FF(1.5CTAB 0.5PVP) has the best electrochemical performance. It maintained a high specific capacity of 109.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 C. In particular, under the ultra-high rate discharge of 20 C, the ultra-high specific discharge capacity of 66.4 mAh g−1 was reached. The FF(1.5CTAB 0.5PVP)’s excellent electrochemical performance is mainly due to a large contact area between the electrolyte and active materials.
Dynamic Traffic grooming in hybrid elastic optical and WiMAX networks
Authors: Naik Deepa , Nikita  , De Tanmay
Published: December 2020

Designing low cost scalable networks is driven by increased internet traffic and high bandwidth demand. Optical networks combined with WiMAX forming a hybrid network is one such structure. The existing Wavelength Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks suffer from huge bandwidth wastage when the demands are very small compared to the channel capacity. To overcome this drawback, we have replaced passive optical network with an elastic optical network. The routing and resource allocation algorithms are formulated for this hybrid network. Our proposed algorithms efficiently utilize channel capacity and network resources.
Awareness of Online Learning of Undergraduates during COVID 19 with special reference to South Eastern University of Sri Lanka
Authors: Nafrees ACM. , Roshan AMF. , Baanu AS. Nuzla , Nihma M.N. Fathima , Shibly FHA.
Published: December 2020

During this COVID 19 pandemic situation, all sectors including education is also conducting its services via online. Most of the undergraduate in Sri Lanka are very familiar with class room traditional learning process. This paradigm shift has caused advantages and disadvantages in their education activities. A study on awareness of online learning of undergraduate is very much important to measure their present performances, finding pitfalls and draft online learning policies and guidelines for a successful learning environment. This research paper involved both Quantitative and Qualitative methods; where these two methods were used to determine the factors of awareness of students about online learning among the undergraduates of the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka (SEUSL). There were around 400 questionnaires were sent to the students via WhatsApp and received 310 responses that can be used for this study. Students mentioned that they were facing the internet connectivity issues (40.2%) during this COVID-19 lockdown period. Most of the students pointed out that their monthly expenditure (69.4%) and internet bill (48.5%) have increased due to this online learning system. More than 50% of the students were happy with online education during this lockdown. Only 19.6% of them preferred the offline learning. Most of the students already had the experience in Zoom (51.2%) but, they preferred to use WebEx for their online education due to the user friendliness of WebEx. It is recommended to develop any virtual reality applications to conduct practical sessions. Also, universities can conduct online training programs about online education tools. Furthermore, government should consider to provide internet connection with free of charge to the students also internet providers should analyses the coverage issues in the rural areas. Furthermore, researcher can conduct survey about students’ perception and expectation about online learning in future.
AI in Video Analysis, Production and Streaming Delivery
Authors: Jayanthiladevi A. , Raj Arun Gnana , Narmadha R , Chandran Sajin , Shaju Sai , Krishna Prasad K
Published: December 2020

Video technologies evolve steadily with the evolution of machine learning and artificial intelligence which use cloud platform and video transcoding for better video production, delivery and live streaming. AI has profound effect on media and film industry, from content delivery to viewer’s experience. AI serves the richer and realistic experiences in personalization of user experience for video production and analysis process. AI changes the fact of manual tasks and facilitates deep content indexing. Quality assessment becomes easier when AI scrutinizes the content. Personal and interactive video provides new delightful viewing experiences. AI generates new level of interactions at scene by dichotomizing the videos and builds more practical access methods within the content.
Nscanner: Vulnerabilities Detection Tool for Web Application
Authors: Surian R. Utaya , Rahman Nor Azlina Abd , Nathan Yogeswaran
Published: December 2020

Internet has been dominating the world nearly a decade. Web application is known to be the most widespread platform of the internet especially when it comes to share resources, e-commerce services, education and business platforms. Since the usage of web applications are increasing dramatically, it’s becoming more vulnerable for security attacks. Each year, organizations facing many security attacks towards their web applications. Although many security practices and mitigations have been applying in web application, however there are still some security loophole issues can be found in web application. For instance, these loopholes can be referred as lack of secure coding (standards) implemented in web application, lack of formal security training approach for web developers and improper security testing for their web application. Besides, social engineering attacks also tremendously increasing each year. Many organizations were compromised through phishing attacks due to lack of awareness among users (employees). As a solution to overcome the issues, a research project will be carried out to implement a system called Nscanner to detect Structured Query Language injection (SQLi) and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities for web application. Moreover, the developer also will design a malware detection feature based on machine learning approach to detect malware found in attachments from emails in order to prevent malware phishing attacks.
A Comparative Study of MPPT and PWM Solar Charge Controllers and their Integrated System
Authors: Acharya P. Sridhar , Aithal P. S.
Published: December 2020

The most popular renewable energy system today which is getting implemented is the solar energy system. The reason is that solar energy can be implemented at an individual house or industry level fulfilling the small energy requirements and also at large scale fulfilling the commercial requirements in megawatts. In most cases, solar energy is used to store the energy in battery backup along with the energy utilization to the load. The energy storage needs a variation in the flow of current as required and a constant potential difference between the two terminals. But the solar panel generates a current flow as well as the potential difference purely depending on the sunlight. To convert the solar energy generation to the required format different types of charge controllers used. There are various methods of charge controllers which will convert the solar energy into the format that is required to the storage devices. Among them, the most popular charge controllers are PWM based as well as MPPT technology based. This paper highlights the benefits of PWM and MPPT technology. The paper also highlights the differences between the two types and gives a conceptual model of integration of both MPPT as well as the PWM solar charge controllers. The conceptual model shows how to balance the storage backup as well as the load so as to utilize the complete solar energy thus produced. The merits and demerits of the integrated system are also discussed.
Prediction of Customer Purchase Intention Using Linear Support Vector Machine in Digital Marketing
Authors: Saranya G. , Gopinath N. , Geetha G. , Meenakshi K. , Nithya M.
Published: December 2020

Digital marketing is taken into account the well-liked method comparing to traditional marketing. It can be used by both researchers and academicians for social media marketing and to predict the customers purchase intention. The Proposed work revolves around some valuable information and processes in accordance to the behavior of customer during the online purchase. Business owners, scientists, researchers all post their ads, details on the Web so that they can be linked to owners quickly and easily by web scrap searching on searchable product websites to gain a lot of data from websites. Details on websites are stored in an unstructured manner. To avoid this issue, Web Scraping helps to gather unstructured content and turn it into a structured type that can be used for further study. Hence, customer price and rating of product evaluation and prediction has become an important research area. The analysis is done by Support Vector Machine (SVM-Linear) to gather several information and provide variation analysis. The major goal remains to investigate and analyze the extracted dataset using ML oriented algorithms with best accuracy possible. The analysis has a proper path to sentimental analysis of parameters in accordance to the ratings and price of the product to find proper accurate calculations.
AP∼Diet: An Online Healthy Food System for Higher Education Institution
Authors: Nundloll Jayshinee Devi , Ramachandiran Chandra Reka
Published: December 2020

With emerging technologies, online food ordering and delivery services are growing at a rapid pace due to advancement in technologies and changing customer behavior. Consumer’s response to the Internet has developed opportunities for many businesses, ranging from small to large corporations in Malaysia. Online banking has given businesses opportunities to expand their online services including online food ordering and delivery services. Online food ordering meets the needs of busy individuals with a hectic and bustling lifestyle by placing their order online through their smartphones, tablets or laptops and receive delivery within a few minutes to their doorsteps. However, there is a lack of platform offering healthy food and especially for those following a specific diet. With busy schedules, most students find themselves ordering junk food online or cannot find the proper meals online according to their specific diet. This research paper proposes an online healthy food ordering and delivery system called AP∼Diet for Higher Education Institution to provide students and staffs with healthy food options according to different diets. Extreme programming methodology will be used to develop the online ordering and delivery system. The findings indicated that the proposed system is an effective initiative to promote healthy lifestyles and proper eating habits for students and staffs of Higher Education Institution using the enhanced web service.
Production of X-RAYS using X-RAY Tube
Authors: Prabhu Sangeetha , Naveen Divya Kumari , Bangera Sandhya , Subrahmanya Bhat B
Published: December 2020

X-rays are usually the most common form of electric magnetic radiation. Technological developments in imaging have resulted in increasingly powerful and guided X-ray rays, and also growing use of visible light in adolescence microbial tissues and structural elements of materials like concrete. Since its discovery in 1895 X-ray has been commonly used in medication and some areas of technology, science and engineering. The X-ray tube is an essential component of each X-ray union, and in its early stages scientists and doctors utilized gas ion tubing. X-rays are generating because fast-moving electrons suddenly decelerate when they collision with the target anode and interact with it. Therefore, x-ray tube absorbs and dissipates a large heat charge in order to achieve adequate radiation output for digital radiology influencing the structure and function of a x-ray source. An x-ray tube’s key components include electrode and counter electrode frames, rotor and stator, and tube cover. The X-rays generated have waveform features similar to other electromagnetic waves. As x-rays come across matter, the small wavelength of radiation defines their property. Most of the materials are transparent to the x-ray and radiation will not transmit lead and other dense materials. Throughout this paper, we discuss X-ray machine, characteristics and features of x-ray, X-ray source modules, x-ray applications in a broad range of domains to discuss x-ray background, manufacturing and x-ray identification.
Astute Remedy for Autism “Developing an Interactive Real Time Application Along With a Hardware Product to Help Youngters With Autism”
Authors: Lalitha V. , Deepa A. , Nithya M. , Samundeswari S.
Published: December 2020

The general terms of complex disorders of brain development are Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism. Difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors are characteristics of this disorders. So an interactive application is proposed which will help an autistic child in his or her speech ability along with the verbal communication ability. A complete guide has been prepared to help the caretaker in curing of autism. Also doctors can be contacted whenever needed through the contact numbers specified according to the location of the patient. As children loves to learn new things visually we developed a real time pictographic images to teach them about the known things in their surroundings. Moreover, the child will also be taught about small sentences along with the basic mathematics. Their progress can be evaluated through the module.
Expense Manager Application
Authors: Velmurugan A , Albert Mayan J , Niranjana P , Francis Richard
Published: December 2020

Mobile applications are top in user convenience and have overpassed the web applications in terms of popularity and usability. There are variousmobile applications that provide solutions to manage personal and group expense but not many of them provide a comprehensive view of both cases. In this paper, we develop a mobile application developed for the android platform that keeps record of user personal expenses, his/her contribution in group expenditures, top investment options, view of the current stock market, read authenticated financial news and grab the best ongoing offers in the market in popular categories. The proposed application would eliminate messy sticky notes, spreadsheets confusion and data handling inconsistency problems while offering the best overview of your expenses. With our application can manage their expenses and decide on their budget more effectively.
Road Safety Ratings for Selected Accident-Prone Sections in Urban Areas
Authors: Bansal Ujjwal , Kumar Sumit , Patil Vilas , K Vikas , Durga Prashanth L , M Vikas
Published: December 2020

This study carries out a detailed analysis of Road Safety conditions at different junctions in Bengaluru. This study takes into account various factors both from Highway Engineering and Traffic Engineering. These factors govern the safety features of the roads. The factors include both the road attributes and the traffic data from various locations of which a detailed analysis is carried out.

The project proceeds with a detailed data collection and analysis of the collected data using an analytical model designed by International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP). This model uses the data collection and analysis technique to generate a Star Rating System (SRS) which is effective in keeping a track of the Road safety features. The system is suitable for all types of road users in terms of their safety and is destined to reduce road accidents. This study is very much important to know the basic flaws in the structure as well as in traffic management in order to improve the traffic facilities in India.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Bottom Ash as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate
Authors: Solai Mathi S. , Johnpaul V. , Riyas PR.
Published: December 2020

The fine aggregate is one of the important constituent in preparing concrete. Nowadays, fine aggregate is not fond in abundant quantity and so many replacements were done for river sand like crusher sand, M-sand, bottom ash etc. In this study the replacement is done partially for the fine aggregate with bottom ash which is extracted from Mettur Power Plant. The bottom ash and sand proportions is taken as 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50 (M1,M2,M3,M4 and M5 respectively). The basic tests for all material used in concrete preparation were determined. M20 grade of concrete is casted and the test on fresh concrete is determined for conventional and partially replaced concrete. The specimens (beams, cylinders and cubes) were casted and kept under curing for 7 and 28 days from the cured concrete specimen’s hardened concrete test were determined. The strengt h of concrete for ratios 10:90 and 20:80 are having nearly equal strength comparing to normal concrete. Hence ratio 20:80 is advisable by this experimental study.
Agro-Climatic Zonation for Tamil Nadu Using GIS and AHP Techniques
Authors: Rajkumar R , Magesh Kumaran M , Mathan Prasath R K , Senthilshanmugavelayutham S P
Published: December 2020

Agro-climatic zonation is a classification technique that uses several meteorological and topographical data of our targeted region for proper zonation with higher priority towards crop suitability factors. This study deals with creating such zonation using 7 major factors for the entire state of Tamil Nadu using GIS and AHP. The Agro-climatic variables include precipitation, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, land use and land cover data, soil moisture, soil order and ground water level. On incorporating the data in GIS with attribute tables, thematic maps were created through inverse distance weighting interpolation. Such maps were over-laid so that zoning using all the defined factors could be made feasible. Weightage given for each factor was determined based on Analytical Hierarchy Process, with precipitation and soil order with the highest priority. A final map was obtained with Agro-climatic zones defined based on the degree of suitability for agriculture from highest to lowest. This classification can further help to define the suitability of various crops on a region and can help in planning an appropriate crop pattern for that region.
Dynamic Analysis of Vertical Irregular Tall Structural System
Authors: Akhilesh HB , Naveen BO
Published: December 2020

The behaviour of any structuredepends upon the structural element present in it. The critical aspect on which the structural configuration depends are shape, length and geometry of the building. In the present study the performance of vertical geometric irregular tall structures under the wind load is evaluated as per IS 16700: 2017 provisions. Three type of vertical geometric irregular tall reinforced concrete buildings having different plan dimensions with cantilevered offset length varying from 11% to 15% of the building lateral dimension with increment of 0.5% are modelled. Modal analysis and wind analysis are performed using structural analysis software ETABS to assess the behaviour of vertical geometric irregular tall structural system with cantilevered offset. Parameter such as time period, frequency, storey displacement and storey drift are studied and compared with the regular building. Multiple linear regression analysis is carried out to formulate a general expression for the responses of the vertical irregular tall buildings.
An Experimental Investigation on Soil Stabilization using Terrazyme
Authors: Gireesh kumar Pala , Madhunika Nagubandi , Sindhura Yakkala , Dwarakamai Saladi , Praneetha Addanki , Harika Sravani Talapanti , Sridevi Puchakayala
Published: December 2020

Soil is defined as minerals, gases, organic matter, liquid and organisms which together supports the life. Black cotton soil being clayey, deep, and impermeable, expands and becomes sticky during rainy season and contracts during the dry season engendering deep cracks. Black cotton soil being more expansive in nature, the shear strength is very less and thereby, lowering the bearing capacity too. To overcome the problem of low strength and bearing capacity of locally available soil and to stabilize soil for a longer life of buildings, improvisations have become a necessity. In this present study an effective technique is provided for ground improvement for soil stabilization using bio enzyme. Bio-enzyme namely Terrazyme is added to improvise Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of soil, and these are further compared with virgin soil’s CBR and UCS values. The laboratory tests were conducted like California Bearing Ratio Test, Atterberg Consistency Limits and Compaction test on soil samples with differential Terrazyme. Percentages for redefining the properties. From the results, it is evident that Terrazyme has proven to be a most satisfying add-on that helps in improvising the supreme characteristics of the soil with the usage up to 0.2 - 0.4 ml. Being economical and eco-friendly makes it to stand out of all and has made it more preferable than other enzymes. The study concludes, the soil has become more stable to support a greater life span and more strengthened in the presence of Terrazyme. The experimental investigations and further discussions concerning Terrazyme usage can be more precisely contemplated in the paper.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Layered Grid Space Structures
Authors: Mahanthesh K M , Naveen B O
Published: December 2020

In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the structural behavior of a two-way lattice grid space structure. Two-way lattice grid space structures are analyzed for dynamic earthquake loads such as time-history analysis by STAAD. Pro V8i software, using structural steel hollow tubular sections for a span of 30 m for 4.0 m height column and 3 storeys were considered for a total height of 12 m. Further the dynamic analysis such as displacements and modal analysis to find natural frequency and time period, were carried out for the eight different configurations and three different grid sizes of space truss structure.
Compressive Strength and Durability Properties of M35 Grade Concrete by Replacing Sand Partially with Vermiculite and Granite Powder and Coarse Aggregate by Re-Cycled Aggregate
Authors: Kiran Kumar N , Damodhara Reddy B , Sasidhar C
Published: December 2020

The Construction Industry is one of the industries contributing highest GDP in Indian economy. The material that is most chosen in construction Industry is concrete. Concrete is a material made with Cement, Fine aggregate in the form of sand, Coarse aggregate in the form of gravel and water. With increasing scarcity of sand, construction works are coming to jolt and thereby increasing the need for choosing an alternative material. Vermiculite is a material which after exfoliation can be used as a filler material replacing sand partially without affecting strength much. One more material Granite (by product which is a waste is causing lot of environmental Issues), produced from granite industry, is available in India in several million tons. Coarse aggregate generally used is a crushed aggregate obtained from rocks like granite, basalt and soon. Recycled aggregate is an aggregate which is obtained after demolishing of an existing building, which is a waste causing economical in balance and which if put into use can not only decrease the construction cost but also make this waste into a better use. In the present study, for a M35 grade of concrete, Vermiculite (0, 5%, 10% and 15% of weight of sand) and granite powder (fixed at 10% of weight of sand used) is used to replace sand partially and in the place of normal coarse aggregate, recycled aggregate is used which is 20 mm passing and 12 mm retained After preparation of Mix-Design(1:1.83:2.69 with w/c ratio of 0.38) the concrete cubes are casted to test for compressive strength after curing for 28 days, 56 days and 90 days. Forsec brand super plasticizer is used to take care of workability requirements. Durability test in the form of resistance to attack of sulphuric acid was conducted along with compressive strength. The test results were promising at 10% replacement levels of Vermiculite.
Studies on Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt Rebars
Authors: Biradar Sangmesh V , Injaganeri Sidram S
Published: December 2020

The use of reinforcement of Fibre- Reinforced Polymer (FRP) in concrete structures has increased rapidly in the last 25 years due to its excellent corrosion resistance, fire resistance, high alkali resistance, high tensile strength to weight ratio, durability, flexural strength, insulation, good fatigue properties and magnetic transparency properties. Basalt concrete reinforcement bars called Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) are a new material, so it is important to define the mechanical properties and drawback of their use in the concrete structures in comparison to conventional reinforced concrete members.

In this study Flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with basalt rebars will be tested and compared with the Flexural strength obtained from experimental result with RC Beams and ACI-440 codal provision. It has been shown that much lower cross-sectional stiffness of the BFRP basalt bars produces higher deflections and crack widths compared to the steel bars beams of the same cross-section. Comparisons between the flexural strength obtained from the ACI-440 codal provision and that experimentally values in the current investigation elsewhere indicates disagreement.
Potential of Fly Ash Polymerized Sand as an Alternative for River Sand in Concrete- A State of the Art Report
Authors: Lizia Thankam G , Neelakantan T R , Christopher Gnanaraj S
Published: December 2020

The depletion of the natural resources and the growing demand for the natural river sand in both developing countries and developed countries paved way for the evolution of new trends in the complete and partial replacement of the natural sand as the fine aggregate. Many natural admixtures and by-products were so far analyzed for the feasibility of the replacement of the natural sand. Some of such traditional sources suggested by the researchers were foundry sand, M-sand, quarry dust, I- sand and treated sea sand. Among which M-sand tend to meet the standards and in practice too for construction in India (Author’s native) and other countries without any ordeal. However, a new technique for the complete replacement of the fine aggregate was introduced which incorporates the polymerization technique in the byproducts (Fly Ash). Though the first introduced technique was quite tedious, the consequent authors proposed much simpler methodologies that develop fine aggregates with characteristics similar to that of the natural sand which is also lightweight, eco-friendly and economical as discussed in this article. These geopolymerized fine aggregates set a new era in the construction industry which in turn conserves the balance of the ecosystem.
The Alternative Method of Conditioning Industrial Wastewater Containing Heavy Metals Based On The Hydrothermodynamic Cavitation Technology
Authors: Dubrovskaya O.G. , Kulagin V.A. , Limin Yao
Published: December 2020

This article provides the results of studies of modifying the physicochemical properties of industrial wastewater when treated in a cavitation reactor. The authors performed an analysis of physicochemical changes in the makeup of industrial effluent and defined the efficiency of reducing the content of heavy metal ions under various modes of hydrothermodynamic action. The article also proposes the methods of mathematical modelling for determining the optimal parameters of cavitation treatment of wastewater and reveals the advantages of upgrading the wastewater process equipment with the inclusion of a unit of SC-reactors.
Ecological and physiological feature of some microelements and their concentration in vegetable products
Authors: Sidorova K , Dragich O , Shvets N , Bukin A , Ryabova N , Klyushnikova E , Kochetova O
Published: December 2020

In this work, providing human body with essential food components was assessed and the physiological role of chemical elements - iron and manganese - was considered. They are among key nutrients essential for human body. Iron plays an important role in the functioning of immune system; it is necessary for the full functioning of brain and nervous system. Iron deficiency can cause iron deficiency anemia which leads to a slowdown in children’s mental and psychomotor development. Manganese has an effect on the functioning of nervous system; it participates in exchange of impulses between nerve cells and regulated reproductive function of the body. This element promotes insulin secretion and metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, it is necessary for blood formation, metabolism, functioning of musculoskeletal system, immunity, hair growth, normal skin, and is an antioxidant. Microelementoses with metabolic disorders of substances such as iron and manganese can be caused by deficiency, excess or redistribution between the reserve and functional funds of microelements under consideration. Based on this, we can summarize that iron and manganese are indispensable microelements for human body; their deficiency results in undesirable pathological metabolic disorders. Considering the relevance of this problem, the analysis of the content of chemical elements in samples of vegetable crops was carried out. These results a high iron content in beets and potatoes what indicates their nutritional value; sufficient consumption of them covers the daily requirements for manganese and iron.
Prospects for the implementation of a separate waste collection system in specially protected areas by the example of the Tunkinsky National Park
Authors: Lubsanova N B , B-Zh Maksanova L
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problems of handling specially protected territories by the example of the Tunkinsky National Park. The analysis of approaches to effective waste management in individual national parks is carried out. The rationale for the need and calculations of the effectiveness of using the separate collection system for municipal solid waste using the example of the Tunkinsky National Park.
Carbonates in the soils of the Aral Sea dried bottom
Authors: Stulina G V , Kharitonova G V , Krutikova V O , Shein E V , Berdnikov N V
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the first stage of salt deposition, namely, the features of calcium carbonate formation in the soils (solonchak-like formations) of the Aral Sea dried bottom, its south-eastern part. The studied soils (sandy and silty-clay soils) are significantly saline and enriched with calcium carbonate. The content of only mollusk shells can reach 10-20%. The content of mineral CaCO3 in the soils is quite uniform, its content varies by no more than an order of magnitude, which indicates relatively close conditions for its formation in soils with different particle size distribution. However, the types of aggregations of calcium carbonate (with a close size ca. 250 µm) and the mechanisms of their formation in the soils are different. In sandy soils, ooids (CaCO3 cutans on the surface of sand-sized particles) are formed by the template mechanism. In silty-clay soils with a large number of crystallization centers (the predominant particle size is < 50 µm), the precipitation of calcium carbonate leads the formation of CaCO3 microaggregates from silty-clay particles. Separate crystallites and mesocrystals of calcium carbonate (up to 40 µm in size) are found singly.