bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banana blossom addition to increase food fiber in tuna (Thunnus sp.) floss product as functional food for degenerative disease’s patient
Authors: Hardoko  , Suprayitno E , Sulistiyati T D , Sasmito B B , Chamidah A , Panjaitan M A P , Tambunan J E , Djamaludin H
Published: July 2022

Tuna (Thunnus sp.) is a high-economic fish that is most sought after in the Indonesian seas. Tuna has good nutrition for the human body, content such as high protein, vitamin and mineral content, and has a delicious taste, so this fish can be diversified. One of the products is fish floss that can be used as functional food. This study aims to determine: (1) determine effect of banana blossom addition in fish floss to organoleptic parameter (2) determine effect of banana blossom addition in fish floss to peroxide value and water content. The method used in this study is an experimental method with an experimental design in the form of a simple Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The independent variables in this study were the concentration of banana blossom 30%, 50%, and 70% while the dependent variables were organoleptic, water content and peroxide value. The best fortification of banana blossom is 70% with organoleptic score of appearance 5.178; scent 4.922; texture 5.078; and taste 4.944. The peroxide value in the tuna floss product with 70% banana blossom concentration is 0.578 meq/kg and water content 13.33%.
Application of Sanitation and Hygiene In Improving The Quality of Products From Shells In The Collective Business Group (Kub) of Shell Fishers In Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Nirmala Dwitha , Tjahjaningsih Wahju , Mashitah Endang Dewi
Published: July 2022

The increasingly fierce competition in the sale of food products is currently encouraging people to improve the quality of sales service and food quality. The reality on the ground shows that some of the processing of food products does not use methods and methods that meet good hygiene and sanitation standards. As a result, processed food products will become unhealthy for human consumption. The Joint Business Group (KUB) of Shellfish Fishermen in Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency seeks to improve the quality of food products from shellfish that will be sold to the community by implementing sanitation and hygiene standards in every process of processing food products from shellfish. Therefore, for the application of sanitation and hygiene standards in improving the quality of food products from shellfish in Banjar Kemuning Village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency. The best approach to ensure the safety of food products from this shellfish, which is primarily in the process where the shellfish live and where the shellfish are obtained. For shellfish caught in the waters, proper handling processes related to sanitation and hygiene should be carried out, because shellfish caught in nature have a risk of bacterial contaminants and some heavy metals that are harmful to human health.
Evaluation of hatching rate and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Installation of Brackish Water Culture Mayangan, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wiguno T A A , Dewi N N
Published: July 2022

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a fisheries commodity that has a high economical value. The purpose of this study is to determine hatching rate and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn in Installation of Brackish Water Culture Mayangan. This research was carried out at Installation of Brackish Water Culture Mayangan from December 2018 until January 2019. The work method used in this research is descriptive method. The giant freshwater prawn hatchery technique is carried out using a natural spawning system. Newly hatched larvae still have egg yolk as food reserves which will run out in 3 days. After that, the larvae will be fed with natural feed, namely Artemia sp. The results showed that the hatching rate and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn were 54.7% and 40.6%, respectively. Water quality parameters of giant freshwater prawn larvae for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen were 7-8.7, 27-28°C, and 7-8 mg/l, respectively. Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate for this study were 0.14-0.32 mg/l, 0.006-0.007 mg/l, and 0.2-0.4 mg/l.
The design of turbo jet surface aerator to enhance dissolved oxygen level in shrimp pond
Authors: Nugroho S D , Pratiwi C Z , Holil S
Published: July 2022

The dissolved oxygen (DO) is crucial water quality parameters for shrimp farming. The farmers need aerator to break water into fine drops or creating bubbles that can enhance dissolved oxygen level in the pond. Turbo jet surface aerator is the one type of aerator. This aerator works by rotating propeller which is connected by a hollow shaft to the motor. The angular adjustment that is used from the engine holder is 20°. Therefore, the propeller can rotate in half submerged position which is 4.5 cm immersion depth. This turbo jet surface aerator is designed using 0.5 HP electric motor, 7 blades, and 2 floats. The measurement result shows the turbo jet surface aerator can be used to enhance DO level up to 2.8 mg/L with the average of DO level of 6.8 mg/L. Turbo jet surface aerator can be operated properly for 168 hours nonstop with the electric motor temperature of 69°C.
Microplastic pollution in lower Cimandiri River, Indonesia: early detection on the occurrence, abundance and distribution
Authors: Henny C , Triyanto  , Suryono T , Rohaningsih D , Yoga G P , Waluyo A
Published: July 2022

Increasing in production and use of synthetic plastic materials constantly are responsible for the global increase in plastic debris in freshwater environments especially rivers. River is believed to be one of the important way to transport microplastics from inland to the Ocean. The study was conducted to assess early detection of the occurrence, abundance and distribution of microplastics (MPs) in lower Cimandiri River, West java, Indonesia, in which its water flows to the Indian Ocean. The water and sediment samples were collected in September 2020 from seven sampling sites in the upstream river tributaries, in the downstream segments and in the estuary. The analyses were done using a monocular stereo microscope in the laboratory. Preliminary detection showed that the abundance of microplastics was as high as 96 - 325 particles/m3 in the water and 620 - 950 particel/kg in the sediment of Lower Cimandiri River. Fibers accounted for > 70 % of the MPs types, and the size of < 300 mμ was the dominant MPs found (> 60%). Predominated small size MPs could pose a threat to the eels population sustainability. High MPs detected in Lower Cimandiri River could be a potential source of MPs pollution to the Indian Ocean.
Study of Different Protein Content of Feeding of Local Raw Materials on Gourami Fish (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) Aquaculture Performance
Authors: Santanumurti Muhammad Browijoyo , Nugroho Aditya Kusuma , Santoso Limin , Hudaidah Siti
Published: July 2022

Gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) is one of the freshwater fish commodities that has high economic value because of its delicious meat taste which is very popular with all people. However, the feed commonly used by carp cultivators is factory-made feed, namely commercial feed which usually costs quite a bit because some of the ingredients for commercial feed are imported from abroad. Therefore, it is necessary to find a solution to reduce the cost of aquaculture production by replacing commercial feed with homemade feed made from local raw materials. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of local raw materials formulated to make feed suitable for the growth of gourami and to analyze the cost of producing carp feed made from local raw materials. This study consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications using a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of treatment A (Protein 30%), B (Protein 33%), C (Protein 36%), and D (Commercial). The results of this study showed that the treatment of feed A, B, and C produced the same growth as commercial feed, and treatment of feed A resulted in the lowest cost of feed production compared to other treatments.
Examination Under Anesthesia May Not Be Universally Required Prior to Anti-TNF Therapy in Perianal Crohn’s Disease: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Chan Melissa , Fung Moses , Chin Koon Siw Kevin , Khanna Reena , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , Sabri Elham , McCurdy Jeffrey D
Published: July 2022

Background

Multidisciplinary care involving exam under anesthesia (EUA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors is recommended for perianal Crohn’s disease. However, the impact of this combined approach is not well established.

Methods

We performed a comparative cohort study between 2009 and 2019. Patients with perianal Crohn’s disease treated with EUA before anti-TNF therapy (combined modality therapy) were compared with anti-TNF alone. The primary outcome was fistula closure assessed clinically. Secondary outcomes included subsequent local surgery and fecal diversion. Multivariable analysis adjusted for abscesses, concomitant immunomodulators, and time to anti-TNF initiation was performed.

Results

Anti-TNF treatment was initiated 188 times in 155 distinct patients: 66 (35%) after EUA. Abscesses (50% vs 15%; P < .001) and concomitant immunomodulators (64% vs 50%; P = .07) were more common in the combined modality group, while age, smoking status, disease duration, and intestinal disease location were not significantly different. Combined modality therapy was not associated with higher rates of fistula closure at 3 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-1.8), 6 (aOR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-2.0) and 12 (aOR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.4-2.2) months. After a median follow-up of 4.6 (interquartile range, 5.95; 2.23-8.18) years, combined therapy was associated with subsequent local surgical intervention (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.6) but not with fecal diversion (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.45-3.9). Results remained consistent when excluding patients with abscesses and prior biologic failure.

Conclusions

EUA before anti-TNF therapy was not associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with anti-TNF therapy alone, suggesting that EUA may not be universally required. Future prospective studies controlling for fistula severity are warranted.
(3200) Phaethon polarimetry in the negative branch: new evidence for the anhydrous nature of the DESTINY+ target asteroid
Authors: Geem Jooyeon , Ishiguro Masateru , Takahashi Jun , Akitaya Hiroshi , Kawabata Koji S , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Imazawa Ryo , Mori Fumiki , Jin Sunho , Bach Yoonsoo P , Jo Hangbin , Kuroda Daisuke , Hasegawa Sunao , Yoshida Fumi , Ishibashi Ko , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Beniyama Jin , Arai Tomoko , Ikeda Yuji , Shinnaka Yoshiharu , Granvik Mikael , Siltala Lauri , Djupvik Anlaug A , Kasikov Anni , Pinter Viktoria , Knudstrup Emil
Published: July 2022

We report on the first polarimetric study of (3200) Phaethon, the target of JAXA’s DESTINY+ mission, in the negative branch to ensure its anhydrous nature and to derive an accurate geometric albedo. We conducted observations at low phase angles (Sun-target-observer angle, α = 8.8–32.4°) from 2021 October to 2022 January and found that Phaethon has a minimum polarization degree Pmin = −1.3 ± 0.1  per cent, a polarimetric slope h = 0.22 ± 0.02  per cent deg−1, and an inversion angle α0 = 19.9 ± 0.3°. The derived geometric albedo is pV = 0.11 (in the range of 0.08–0.13). These polarimetric properties are consistent with anhydrous chondrites, contradict hydrous chondrites, and typical cometary nuclei.
Patient Blood Type Is Associated With Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Chen Ruifeng , Hakimi Kasim , Zhang Xinlian , Messer Karen , Patel Sandip Pravin
Published: July 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed cancer therapy, with long-term responses and a favorable safety profile; however, only a minority of patients respond. Response to ICB is influenced by immune-related genetic factors such as HLA haplotype, potentially including patient blood type and associated differences in diversity of the T-cell repertoire. A minority of patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with unclear relation to response or resistance.

Materials and Methods

In this single institution study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of time to treatment failure (TTF) with patient blood type and with occurrence of irAEs, among patients with metastatic cancer receiving ICB.

Results

We found a strong association of improved TTF with presence of irAEs, and also among patients with type O blood, compared with type A/B/AB blood. Among patients with type O blood, TTF was substantially longer among those experiencing an irAE (n = 44; adjusted HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18,0.96). For patients with type A/B/AB blood, no significant association was present (n = 63; adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.39,1.21). For type O patients, median TTF of ICB was 13.4 months (95% CI: 3.79 months, NA) vs 2.55 months (95% CI: 1.95 months, 4.95 months) for other patients.

Conclusion

This retrospective study of a cohort of patients receiving ICB suggests a preferential benefit among patients with type O blood and, in particular, among patients with type O blood who developed irAEs. Validation in future independent cohorts and investigation of a potential biologic basis for this finding is warranted.
Navigating Human Rights, Feminism, and History: Egyptian Feminist Activists’ Demands for Constitutional Equality, 2012–2014
Authors: Sundkvist Emma
Published: July 2022

This article analyzes the efforts of Egyptian feminist activists to insert gender equality in the country’s post-revolutionary constitutions in 2012 and 2014. While the literature on women’s political role during this period provides insights into exclusionary gender practices and conditions for bargaining power structures, this study contributes with a conceptual analysis of how feminist activists construed constitutional gender equality. The study is based on interviews with, and written statements by, activists engaged in the constitutional process. The article argues that these activists viewed the constitution as a central instrument in the struggle for gender equality and demanded a gender equality model beyond the sameness/difference paradigm. Instead, they argued for a substantive notion of gender equality that reflected women’s situated experiences while they, at the same time, navigated the legacies of Egypt’s earlier constitutions.
What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam
Authors: Esposito John L.
Published: July 2022

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11th, there has been an overwhelming demand
for information about Islam, and recent events - the war in Iraq, terrorist attacks
both failed and successful, debates throughout Europe over Islamic dress, and many
others - have raised new questions in the minds of policymakers and the general
public. This newly updated edition of What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam is the
best single source for clearly presented, objective information about these new
developments, and for answers to questions about the origin and traditions of Islam.
Editor of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islam and The Oxford History of Islam,
and author of The Future of Islambits
and many other acclaimed works, John L. Esposito
is one of America's leading authorities on Islam. This brief and readable book
remains the first place to look for up-to-date information on the faith, customs,
and political beliefs of the more than one billion people who call themselves
Muslims.
Islam And Other Religions
Authors: Esposito John L.
Published: July 2022

Islam, like Christianity, is a global religion with a universal mission,
calling all of humankind to worship the one true God. Historically, Muslims
have believed that God sent this revelation one final time to Muhammad and
the Muslim community. The community has an obligation to spread the faith:
“We have sent you only to proclaim good news and to warn all
mankind” (Quran 34:28).
Customs And Culture
Authors: Esposito John L.
Published: July 2022

Many, though not all, Muslim societies practice some gender
segregation—the separation of men and women—to various
degrees, in public spaces such as mosques, universities, and the
marketplace. Thus in many mosques men and women have separate areas for
prayer or are separated by a screen or curtain. Unmarried men do not mix
with unmarried women outside of very specific contexts, such as family
gatherings or a meeting between two potential spouses that occurs in the
presence of a chaperone. Seclusion, which differs from the public
segregation of the sexes, is the practice of keeping women within the home
so that they have no contact with public space.
Cluster headache
Authors: Lindemann Christina R.
Published: July 2022

Cluster headache is a primary headache disorder that leads to attacks of excruciating unilateral head pain with ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. These attacks can cluster, with frequent occurrences for weeks or months at a time followed by a period of complete remission. The excruciating pain of these attacks often is accompanied by increased suicidality, delays in diagnosis, and unnecessary invasive interventions. This article reviews the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of cluster headache.
Understanding Etiologic Pathways Through Multiple Sequential Mediators: An Application in Perinatal Epidemiology
Authors: Ananth Cande V. , Loh Wen Wei
Published: July 2022

Background:

Causal mediation analysis facilitates decomposing the total effect into a direct effect and an indirect effect that operates through an intermediate variable. Recent developments in causal mediation analysis have clarified the process of evaluating how—and to what extent—different pathways via multiple causally ordered mediators link the exposure to the outcome.

Methods:

Through an application of natural effect models for multiple mediators, we show how placental abruption might affect perinatal mortality using small for gestational age (SGA) birth and preterm delivery as two sequential mediators. We describe methods to disentangle the total effect into the proportions mediated via each of the sequential mediators, when evaluating natural direct and natural indirect effects.

Results:

Under the assumption that SGA births causally precedes preterm delivery, an analysis of 16.7 million singleton pregnancies is consistent with the hypothesis that abruption exerts powerful effects on perinatal mortality (adjusted risk ratio = 11.9; 95% confidence interval = 11.6, 12.1). The proportions of the estimated total effect mediated through SGA birth and preterm delivery were 2% and 58%, respectively. The proportion unmediated via either SGA or preterm delivery was 41%.

Conclusions:

Through an application of causal mediation analysis with sequential mediators, we uncovered new insights into the pathways along which abruption impacts perinatal mortality.
Patient Self-reported Breast Cup Size and Resultant Mastectomy Specimen Weight: Implications for Reconstructive Breast Surgery
Authors: Perez Kevin , Teotia Sumeet S. , Haddock Nicholas T.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Breast cup sizing irregularities exist due to discrepancy between garment manufacturers and patient reported measurements making it difficult to assess true preoperative and definitive postoperative breast cup size. This study aims to evaluate the association between patient self-reported breast cup size and mastectomy specimen weight as a way to determine postreconstruction breast cup size.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study that evaluated patients who underwent bilateral mastectomy at an academic center between 2019–2021. Cup size and mastectomy weight were our only independent and dependent variables, respectively. Covariates that were assessed included chest circumference, surgical oncologist, BMI, race, and age.

Results:

243 patients were evaluated as a part of this study who underwent either total-simple (TS; 29), skin-sparing (SS; 146), or nipple-sparing (NS; 68) bilateral mastectomy. There were positively weak correlations using nonparametric correlation analysis for breast cup size to mastectomy weight in patients who underwent TS (r = 0.375; p = 0.004), SS (r = 0.353; p <0.001), and NS (r = 0.246; p = 0.004) mastectomy. The multivariate linear regression for TS (R2=0.520; p < 0.001), SS (R2=0.573; p < 0.001) and NS (R2=0.396; p < 0.001) mastectomy were significant. Covariates assessed in the regression showed BMI significant for all types, age for TS type, and SS type for breast surgeon and chest circumference.

Conclusions:

There is a positively weak correlation between preoperative breast cup size and mastectomy weight, providing evidence for the difficulty of estimating postoperative breast cup size. Thus, the conversation with the patient should focus on breast appearance and quality of life rather than postreconstruction breast size.
“They're My Go-To People”: A Qualitative Study of Support Networks for People Recently Diagnosed With HIV in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hollingdrake Olivia , Lui Chi-Wai , Dean Judith A. , Mutch Allyson , Howard Chris , Fitzgerald Lisa
Published: July 2022

Support networks promote care engagement and prevent social isolation for people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examined the personal support networks of recently diagnosed PLWH and explored how these networks change over time. We developed qualitative social network maps with 10 recently diagnosed PLWH in Queensland and identified unique and dynamic support networks. Network changes over time were influenced by changing support needs and experiences of stigma. Some support networks grew, whereas others remained small and close-knit or became sparse. The pivotal role of peers for information and emotional support was revealed. Socially isolated PLWH also described substantial reliance on long-term professional support. Others described reasons why health professionals were excluded from support networks, revealing the importance of nonjudgmental attitudes and HIV literacy among health professionals. Facilitating ongoing links with peers and professionals are crucial strategies to help PLWH foster effective and sustainable networks for comprehensive long-term support.
Attitudes and Beliefs of Pediatric Residents and Physician Assistant Students Toward Screening Adolescents for Suicide in Primary Care
Authors: Gillette Chris , Garvick Sarah J. , Aldrich Rosalie S. , Halvorson Elizabeth E. , Flesher Susan L. , Waddell Erin , Maupin Elizabeth J. , Daniel Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe attitudes of health professional trainees for conducting routine screening for suicidal ideation with adolescents; (2) identify the relationship between intention to conduct suicide risk assessments and behavioral attitudes, norm referents, and behavioral control; and (3) investigate the relationship between intention to conduct these assessments and self-reported clinic behavior.

Methods:

Second-year physician assistant (PA) students and pediatric residents (MD) at 3 universities voluntarily completed an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire. The questionnaire was guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior and included items about previous experience with suicide. Pearson correlation and multivariable linear regression were used to analyze the data.

Results:

There were usable and complete data for 105 respondents (n = 105). The sample included PA students (89.52%, n = 94) and pediatric residents (10.48%, n = 11). Trainees were significantly more likely to have higher intention to conduct suicide risk assessments when they reported greater behavioral control (Std. β = 0.34, p <0.001) and reported suicide being discussed during previous clinic visits as a student/resident (Std. β = 0.21, p = 0.03), controlling for profession, race, behavioral attitudes, and norm referents. Trainees were significantly more likely to report conducting suicide risk assessments when they had greater behavioral control (Std. β = 0.27, p = 0.01) and greater intention to conduct these assessments (Std. β = 0.21, p = 0.03), controlling for profession, race, behavioral attitudes, and norm referents.

Discussion:

Second-year PA students and pediatric residents support screening adolescents for suicide risk. Training on methods to increase behavioral control may increase rates of screenings.
Transitioning from Nurse-Patient Ratios to Workload Intensity Staffing
Authors: Bacon Cynthia Thornton , Gontarz JoAnna , Jenkins Marjorie
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the facilitators and barriers in implementing a workload intensity (WI) tool.

BACKGROUND

A WI tool was developed to quantify patient needs and more evenly disperse workload among nurses.

METHODS

A descriptive phenomenological design was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 nurses on 5 inpatient units. Questions focused on the factors that helped or hindered the change transition to workload intensity staffing (WIS).

RESULTS

WI was perceived as a positive change. Five themes were uncovered as facilitators and barriers to the change: resistance to change, intense workloads, supportive organizational culture, resources/training, and evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS

Understanding barriers and facilitators to change is important for successful implementation of WIS. To promote success, leaders should provide support to staff and ensure availability of adequate resources.
Comprehensive Onboarding and Orientation to Support Newly Hired Faculty in a Nursing Program
Authors: Young-Brice Amber , Farrar-Stern Kylateia , Malin Michele
Published: July 2022

Background:

Nursing programs are challenged with retaining nurse faculty due to many complex factors, one being the problem of suboptimal transition to the role.

Purpose:

The purpose of this project was to assess the impact of an onboarding and orientation program, the Teaching Excellence Program (TEP), on the transition of newly hired nurse faculty.

Methods:

Program assessment data, including quantitative and qualitative measures of 14 participants' needs and experiences, were collected over one academic year.

Results:

A Wilcoxon signed-rank test found no discernible difference between the preprogram and postprogram survey responses. Qualitatively, participants reported positive experiences with the TEP, highlighting the value of being in a cohort that created a sense of belonging within the college and university.

Conclusion:

The inclusion of programming such as the TEP can be used as a recruitment and retention tool, especially as we navigate faculty shortages and develop clinicians as faculty members.
The Role of Resection of the Outer Table of the Cranium in Locally Invasive Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp
Authors: Leach Garrison A. , Pflibsen Lacey R. , Mathew Denzil P. , Sharma Ayushi D. , Reid Christopher M. , Holcombe Travis C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most common malignancy of the scalp. Of these, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most troublesome. It poses a challenge to the surgeons caring for these patients as the anatomy of the scalp makes excision and reconstruction difficult. Although more superficial lesions are amenable to Mohs micrographic surgery, more invasive lesions require a different approach. This manuscript is a retrospective review of outer table resection for SCC of the scalp invading to the depth of the pericranium. We include a discussion of full thickness craniectomy for invasive SCC, regardless of depth of invasion, for completeness.

Methods:

IRB approval was obtained from St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona. One hundred four potential cases identified based on ICD codes. Ultimately, 23 cases met study criteria and were included in this analysis. Seventeen cases of outer table resection and 6 cases of full craniectomy were discussed. Additionally, the authors’ approach for resection and reconstruction is articulated.

Results:

Seventeen patients underwent outer table resection at an average age of 79.3 years. All had invasion of the pericranium with a mean surface area of 42.6 cm2. Eight patients had prior radiation treatment for SCC of the scalp and 12 patients had at least 1 prior surgery to attempt excision of their lesions. Two patients had local recurrence for a local control rate of 88.2% (15/17). One patient with metastasis prior to presentation, died 6 months after his initial surgery for disease-free survival rate of 94.1% (16/17) at a mean of 15.4months. Thirteen patients were able to achieve immediate reconstruction with local flaps with or without additional skin grafting (76.5%).

Discussion:

The data in this study supports that in instances of locally invasive primary SCC of the scalp that extends to the pericranium, excision down to the calvarium with complete circumferential and deep peripheral margin assessment, followed by resection of the outer table, is an excellent option. The low rate of local recurrence and high disease-free survival in this study support that this method allows for optimal oncologic outcome while mitigating the significant morbidity associated with the alternative option of a full thickness craniectomy.
Normal Values of Central, Peripheral, and Root Motor Conduction Times in a Healthy Korean Population
Authors: Park Dougho , Kim Byung Hee , Lee Sang-Eok , Cho Jae Man , Yang Joong Won , Yang Donghoon , Kim Mansu , Oh Gayeoul , Sophannara Yoeng , Kwon Heum Dai
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Central, peripheral, and root motor conduction times (CMCTs, PMCTs, and RMCTs, respectively) are valuable diagnostic tools for spinal cord and motor nerve root lesions. We investigated the normal values and the effects of age and height on each motor conduction time.

Methods:

This study included 190 healthy Korean subjects who underwent magnetic stimulation of the cortex and spinous processes at the C7 and L1 levels. Recording muscles were abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi in the unilateral upper limb and extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis in the contralateral lower limb. F-wave and compound motor nerve action potentials were also recorded. Central motor conduction time was evaluated as the difference between cortical motor evoked potential onset latency and PMCT using calculation and spinal stimulation methods. Root motor conduction time was computed as the difference between spinal stimulated and calculated CMCTs.

Results:

The average age and height of the participants were 41.21 ± 14.39 years and 164.64 ± 8.27 cm, respectively; 39.5% (75/190) patients were men. In the linear regression analyses, upper limb CMCTs showed a significant and weak positive relationship with height. Lower limb CMCTs demonstrated a significant and weak positive relationship with age and height. Peripheral motor conduction times were significantly and positively correlated with age and height. Root motor conduction times showed no significant relationship with age and height, except for abductor pollicis brevis-RMCT, which had a weak negative correlation with height.

Conclusions:

This study provides normal values of CMCTs, PMCTs, and RCMTs, which have potential clinical applications. When interpreting CMCTs, age and height should be considered.
The dilemma of polypharmacy in psychosis: is it worth combining partial and full dopamine modulation?
Authors: Lippi Matteo , Fanelli Giuseppe , Fabbri Chiara , De Ronchi Diana , Serretti Alessandro
Published: July 2022

Antipsychotic polypharmacy in psychotic disorders is widespread despite international guidelines favoring monotherapy. Previous evidence indicates the utility of low-dose partial dopamine agonist (PDAs) add-ons to mitigate antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects or hyperprolactinemia. However, clinicians are often concerned about using PDAs combined with high-potency, full dopaminergic antagonists (FDAs) due to the risk of psychosis relapse. We, therefore, conducted a literature review to find studies investigating the effects of combined treatment with PDAs (i.e. aripiprazole, cariprazine and brexpiprazole) and FDAs having a strong D2 receptor binding affinity. Twenty studies examining the combination aripiprazole – high-potency FDAs were included, while no study was available on combinations with cariprazine or brexpiprazole. Studies reporting clinical improvement suggested that this may require a relatively long time (~11 weeks), while studies that found symptom worsening observed this happening in a shorter timeframe (~3 weeks). Patients with longer illness duration who received add-on aripiprazole on ongoing FDA monotherapy may be at greater risk for symptomatologic worsening. Especially in these cases, close clinical monitoring is therefore recommended during the first few weeks of combined treatment. These indications may be beneficial to psychiatrists who consider using this treatment strategy. Well-powered randomized clinical trials are needed to derive more solid clinical recommendations.
Characterizing physiological high-frequency oscillations using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Yipeng , Chung Hoyoung , Ngo Jacquline P. , Monsoor Tonmoy , Hussain Shaun A. , Matsumoto Joyce H. , Walshaw Patricia D. , Fallah Aria , Sim Myung Shin , Asano Eishi , Sankar Raman , Staba Richard J. , Engel Jerome , Speier William , Roychowdhury Vwani , Nariai Hiroki
Published: July 2022

Objective

Intracranially-recorded interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) have been proposed as a promising spatial biomarker of the epileptogenic zone. However, HFOs can also be recorded in the healthy brain regions, which complicates the interpretation of HFOs. The present study aimed to characterize salient features of physiological HFOs using deep learning (DL).

Methods

We studied children with neocortical epilepsy who underwent intracranial strip/grid evaluation. Time-series EEG data were transformed into DL training inputs. The eloquent cortex (EC) was defined by functional cortical mapping and used as a DL label. Morphological characteristics of HFOs obtained from EC (ecHFOs) were distilled and interpreted through a novel weakly supervised DL model.

Results

A total of 63,379 interictal intracranially-recorded HFOs from 18 children were analyzed. The ecHFOs had lower amplitude throughout the 80-500 Hz frequency band around the HFO onset and also had a lower signal amplitude in the low frequency band throughout a one-second time window than non-ecHFOs, resembling a bell-shaped template in the time-frequency map. A minority of ecHFOs were HFOs with spikes (22.9%). Such morphological characteristics were confirmed to influence DL model prediction via perturbation analyses. Using the resection ratio (removed HFOs/detected HFOs) of non-ecHFOs, the prediction of postoperative seizure outcomes improved compared to using uncorrected HFOs (area under the ROC curve of 0.82, increased from 0.76).

Interpretation

We characterized salient features of physiological HFOs using a DL algorithm. Our results suggested that this DL-based HFO classification, once trained, might help separate physiological from pathological HFOs, and efficiently guide surgical resection using HFOs.
Preoperative predictors of instrumental activities of daily living disability in older adults six months after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Nanjo Keigo , Ikeda Takashi , Nagashio Naoko , Sakai Tomoko , Jinno Tetsuya
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate preoperative predictors of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability in older adults six months after knee arthroplasty (KA).

Design

Prospective cohort study

Setting

General hospital with an orthopedic surgery department

Participants

Two hundred twenty (N = 220) patients 2: 65 years old with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA)

Interventions: Not applicable

Main Outcome Measure

IADL status was evaluated for six activities. Participants chose “able,” “need help,” or “unable” according to their capacity of executing these IADL activities. If they chose “need help” or “unable” for one or more items, they were defined as “disabled.” Their usual gait speed (UGS), range of motion for the knee, isometric knee extension strength (IKES), pain status, depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy were evaluated as predictors. Baseline and follow-up assessments were conducted one month before and six months after KA, respectively. Logistic regression analyses with IADL status as the dependent variable were performed at follow-up. All models were adjusted using age, sex, severity of the knee deformity, operation type (TKA or UKA), and preoperative IADL status as covariates.

Results

In total, 166 patients completed the follow-up assessment, and 83 (50.0%) reported IADL disability six months after KA. Preoperative UGS, IKES on the non-operated side, and self-efficacy were statistically significantly different between those with a disability at follow-up and those who did not and were therefore included in logistic regression models as independent variables. UGS (odds ratio = 3.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.38–7.56,p= 0.007) was determined as a significant independent variable.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated the importance of evaluating preoperative gait speed to predict the presence of IADL disability in older adults six months after KA. Patients with poorer preoperative mobility should be provided careful postoperative care and treatment.
Interspecies normalization of dose response relationship for adeno-associated virus-mediated hemophilia gene therapy – application to first-in-human dose prediction
Authors: Zou Peng
Published: July 2022

Establishing dose response relationships in targeted patients is foundational in the development of therapeutic drugs including gene therapy products. Enlightened by interspecies normalization of plasma drug concentration-time curves using Dedrick plot, the author of this manuscript first demonstrated the feasibility of normalizing dose-response relationship of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated hemophilia gene therapy products in multiple species to a species-invariant scale. Preclinical dose-response relationships of eight AAV vectors were normalized using an exponent of 0.25 and applied to first-in-human (FIH) dose prediction. The performance of this dose-response normalization approach for FIH dose prediction was compared to that of direct body weight-based dose conversion and allometric scaling approaches. The study results suggested that in addition to hemophilia dogs and non-human primates, inclusion of larger animal models (e.g., swine and cattle) in preclinical dose-finding studies of AAV vectors might improve the performance of interspecies dose-response normalization approach. Furthermore, it was found that AAV capsid-specific T cell responses in hemophilia patients might cause underprediction of FIH dose while novel bioengineered capsids with a high transduction efficiency specifically in human hepatocytes might cause overprediction of FIH dose. These factors should be considered when dose-response is extrapolated from preclinical species to patients.
Human Epidemiology and RespOnse to SARS-CoV-2 (HEROS): Objectives, Design and Enrollment Results of a 12-City Remote Observational Surveillance Study of Households with Children using Direct-to-Participant Methods
Authors: Fulkerson Patricia C. , Lussier Stephanie J. , Bendixsen Casper G. , Castina Sharon M. , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Marlin Jessica S. , Russell Patty B. , Seibold Max A. , Everman Jamie L. , Moore Camille M. , Snyder Brittney M. , Thompson Kathy , Tregoning George S. , Wellford Stephanie , Arbes Samuel J. , Bacharier Leonard B. , Calatroni Agustin , Camargo Carlos A. , Dupont William D. , Furuta Glenn T. , Gruchalla Rebecca S. , Gupta Ruchi S. , Hershey Gurjit Khurana , Jackson Daniel J. , Johnson Christine C. , Kattan Meyer , Liu Andrew H. , Murrison Liza , O’Connor George T. , Phipatanakul Wanda , Rivera-Spoljaric Katherine , Rothenberg Marc E. , Seroogy Christine M. , Teach Stephen J. , Zoratti Edward M. , Togias Alkis , Hartert Tina V.
Published: July 2022

The Human Epidemiology and Response to SARS-CoV-2 (HEROS) is a prospective multi-city 6-month incidence study which was conducted from May 2020-February 2021. The objectives were to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and household transmission among children and people with asthma and allergic diseases, and to use the host nasal transcriptome sampled longitudinally to understand infection risk and sequelae at the molecular level. To overcome challenges of clinical study implementation due to the coronavirus pandemic, this surveillance study used direct-to-participant methods to remotely enroll and prospectively follow eligible children who are participants in other NIH-funded pediatric research studies and their household members. Households participated in weekly surveys and biweekly nasal sampling regardless of symptoms. The aim of this report is to widely share the methods and study instruments and to describe the rationale, design, execution, logistics and characteristics of a large, observational, household-based, remote cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in households with children. The study enrolled a total of 5,598 individuals, including 1,913 principal participants (children), 1,913 primary caregivers, 729 secondary caregivers and 1,043 other household children. This study was successfully implemented without necessitating any in-person research visits and provides an approach for rapid execution of clinical research.
Nutraceutical supplement targeting multiple molecular steps synergistically enhances muscle glucose uptake and improves in vivo oral glucose disposal
Authors: Saxena Uday , Meher Kranti , K Saranya , Reddy Arpitha , Kadiyala Gopi , Iyer Subramanian , Vangala Subrahmanyam , Chandran Satish
Published: July 2022

Pre diabetes and type 2 diabetes are increasingly becoming rampant world wide. While there are medications to control blood glucose in type 2 diabetics, currently there are no interventions prescribed for pre diabetes. Alternate strategies to control blood glucose are needed either to act alone in pre diabetes or as supplement to the existing drugs for type 2 diabetes. We report here the targeting of critical molecular steps in muscle glucose uptake and metabolism to result in glucose lowering using a combination of safe vitamins. Our in vitro and in vivo data support the potential for using such vitamin combination for glucose control in pre diabetes and as a supplement in type 2 diabetics.
Improved Predictions of Phase Behaviour of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins by Tuning the Interaction Range
Authors: Tesei Giulio , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten
Published: July 2022

The formation and viscoelastic properties of condensates of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) is dictated by amino acid sequence and solution conditions. Because of the involvement of biomolecular condensates in cell physiology and disease, furthering our understanding of the relationship between protein sequence and phase separation (PS) may have important implications in the formulation of new therapeutic hypotheses. Here, we present CALVADOS 2, a coarse-grained model of IDPs that accurately predicts conformational properties and propensity to undergo PS for diverse sequences and solution conditions. In particular, we systematically study the effect of varying the range of nonionic interactions and use our findings to improve the temperature scale of the model. We further optimize the residue-specific model parameters against experimental data on the conformational properties of 55 proteins, while also leveraging 70 hydrophobicity scales from the literature to avoid overfitting the training data. Extensive testing shows that the model accurately predicts chain compaction and PS propensity for sequences of diverse length and charge patterning, as well as at different temperatures and salt concentrations.
In-vivo fast non-linear microscopy reveals impairment of fast axonal transport induced by molecular motor imbalances in the brain of zebrafish larvae
Authors: Grimaud Baptiste , Frétaud Maxence , Terras Feriel , Bénassy Antoine , Duroure Karine , Bercier Valérie , Trippé-Allard Gaëlle , Mohammedi Rabei , Gacoin Thierry , Del Bene Filippo , Marquier François , Langevin Christelle , Treussart François
Published: July 2022

Cargo transport by molecular motors along microtubules is essential for the function of eucaryotic cells, in particular neurons in which axonal transport defects constitute the early pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Mainly studied in motor and sensory neurons, axonal transport is still difficult to characterize in neurons of the brain in absence of appropriatein vivotools. Here, we measured fast axonal transport by tracing the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) nanocrystals endocytosed by brain neurons of zebrafish (Zf) larvae. Thanks to the optical translucency of Zf larvae and of the perfect photostability of nanoKTP SHG, we achieved a high scanning speed of 20 frames (of ≈ 90μm×60μm size) per second in Zf brain. We focused our study on endolysosomal vesicle transport in axons of known polarization, separately analyzing kinesin and dynein motor-driven displacements. To validate our assay, we used either loss-of-function mutations of dynein or kinesin 1 or the dynein inhibitor dynapyrazole, and quantified several transport parameters. We successfully demonstrated that dynapyrazole reduces nanoKTP mobile fraction and retrograde run length consistently, while the retrograde run length increased in kinesin 1 mutants. Taking advantage of nanoKTP SHG directional emission, we also quantified fluctuations of vesicle orientation. Thus, by combining endocytosis of nanocrystals having non-linear response, fast two-photon microscopy, and high-throughput analysis, we are able to finely monitor fast axonal transportin vivoin the brain of a vertebrate, and reveal subtle axonal transport alterations. The high spatiotemporal resolution achieved in our model may be relevant to precisely investigate axonal transport impairment associated to disease models.
Metabolic profiling of drought tolerance: revealing how citrus rootstocks modulate plant metabolism under varying water availability
Authors: Silva Simone F. , Miranda Marcela T. , Cunha Camila P. , Domingues-Jr Adilson P. , Aricetti Juliana A. , Caldana Camila , Machado Eduardo C. , Ribeiro Rafael V.
Published: July 2022

Water stress is a major environmental factor affectingCitrusspp. and Rangpur lime is a drought-tolerant rootstock used to enhance orange yield in rainfed orchards. Here, we combined morpho-physiological analyses with metabolic profiling of roots and leaves of Valencia orange scions grafted onto Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo or Sunki mandarin rootstocks under water deficit. Our aim was to present a comprehensive spatio-temporal evaluation of citrus responses to drought and highlight the metabolic adjustments associated with drought tolerance induced by Rangpur lime. Plant responses were evaluated during the initial phase of reduction in water availability, when water deficit was maximum and also after rehydration. Fifty-eight primary metabolites were modulated by water deficit, mainly amino acids, organic acids and sugars. Metabolic changes indicated adjustments related to osmotic, energetic and redox processes under low water availability, which were dependent on rootstock and varied between roots and leaves and along the experimental period. Rangpur lime prioritized root growth in the initial phase of water deficit, which was linked to less sugar accumulation, changes in nucleotide metabolism, downregulation in Shikimic acid pathway and accumulation of arginine. After rehydration, the resume of shoot growth was associated with high accumulation of arginine and asparagine. The better performance of Rangpur lime seems to be associated with its high sensitivity of roots to changes in water availability and possible signaling compounds have been suggested.