bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modifications of Au Nanoparticle-Functionalized Graphene for Sensitive Detection of Sulfanilamide
Authors: He Bao-Shan , Yan Xiao-Hai
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we present a simple and feasible electrochemical sensor based on Au nanoparticle-functionalized graphene for the determination of sulfanilamide. Au nanoparticles were deposited on graphene, which acted as a platform to prepare excellent nanocomposites. Attributed to the graphene’s large surface area and the Au nanoparticles’ strong conductivity, many sulfanilamide molecules were enriched on the sensor surface and the signal response became more sensitive. Under the optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensors could be used for the efficient detection of sulfanilamide. Good linearity was observed in the range of 0.1–1000 μmol·L−1 and the detection limit was 0.011 μmol·L−1. Most importantly, the Au nanoparticle-functionalized graphene-modified electrode could be successfully applied for the detection of sulfanilamide in animal meat, and exhibited good stability, acceptable recovery, and offered a promising platform for point-of-care detecting in real samples.
Research on the Factors Influencing the Measurement Errors of the Discrete Rogowski Coil
Authors: Xu Mengyuan , Yan Jing , Geng Yingsan , Zhang Kun , Sun Chao
Published: March 2018

An innovative array of magnetic coils (the discrete Rogowski coil—RC) with the advantages of flexible structure, miniaturization and mass producibility is investigated. First, the mutual inductance between the discrete RC and circular and rectangular conductors are calculated using the magnetic vector potential (MVP) method. The results are found to be consistent with those calculated using the finite element method, but the MVP method is simpler and more practical. Then, the influence of conductor section parameters, inclination, and eccentricity on the accuracy of the discrete RC is calculated to provide a reference. Studying the influence of an external current on the discrete RC’s interference error reveals optimal values for length, winding density, and position arrangement of the solenoids. It has also found that eccentricity and interference errors decreasing with increasing number of solenoids. Finally, a discrete RC prototype is devised and manufactured. The experimental results show consistent output characteristics, with the calculated sensitivity and mutual inductance of the discrete RC being very close to the experimental results. The influence of an external conductor on the measurement of the discrete RC is analyzed experimentally, and the results show that interference from an external current decreases with increasing distance between the external and measured conductors.
Design of Meter-Scale Antenna and Signal Detection System for Underground Magnetic Resonance Sounding in Mines
Authors: Yi Xiaofeng , Zhang Jian , Fan Tiehu , Tian Baofeng , Jiang Chuandong
Published: March 2018

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is a novel geophysical method to detect groundwater directly. By applying this method to underground projects in mines and tunnels, warning information can be provided on water bodies that are hidden in front prior to excavation and thus reduce the risk of casualties and accidents. However, unlike its application to ground surfaces, the application of MRS to underground environments is constrained by the narrow space, quite weak MRS signal, and complex electromagnetic interferences with high intensities in mines. Focusing on the special requirements of underground MRS (UMRS) detection, this study proposes the use of an antenna with different turn numbers, which employs a separated transmitter and receiver. We designed a stationary coil with stable performance parameters and with a side length of 2 m, a matching circuit based on a Q-switch and a multi-stage broad/narrowband mixed filter that can cancel out most electromagnetic noise. In addition, noises in the pass-band are further eliminated by adopting statistical criteria and harmonic modeling and stacking, all of which together allow weak UMRS signals to be reliably detected. Finally, we conducted a field case study of the UMRS measurement in the Wujiagou Mine in Shanxi Province, China, with known water bodies. Our results show that the method proposed in this study can be used to obtain UMRS signals in narrow mine environments, and the inverted hydrological information generally agrees with the actual situation. Thus, we conclude that the UMRS method proposed in this study can be used for predicting hazardous water bodies at a distance of 7–9 m in front of the wall for underground mining projects.
Transient Characteristics of a Fluidic Device for Circulatory Jet Flow
Authors: Phan Hoa , Dinh Thien , Bui Phong , Dau Van
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we report on the design, simulation, and experimental analysis of a miniaturized device that can generate multiple circulated jet flows. The device is actuated by a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) diaphragm. The flows in the device were studied using three-dimensional transient numerical simulation with the programmable open source OpenFOAM and was comparable to the experimental result. Each flow is verified by two hotwires mounted at two positions inside each consisting chamber. The experiment confirmed that the flow was successfully created, and it demonstrated good agreement with the simulation. In addition, a prospective application of the device as an angular rate sensor is also demonstrated. The device is robust, is minimal in size, and can contribute to the development of multi-axis fluidic inertial sensors, fluidic amplifiers, gas mixing, coupling, and analysis.
Estimation of Fine and Oversize Particle Ratio in a Heterogeneous Compound with Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay , Ruiz-Carcel Cristobal , Starr Andrew , Jennions Ian
Published: March 2018

The final phase of powder production typically involves a mixing process where all of the particles are combined and agglomerated with a binder to form a single compound. The traditional means of inspecting the physical properties of the final product involves an inspection of the particle sizes using an offline sieving and weighing process. The main downside of this technique, in addition to being an offline-only measurement procedure, is its inability to characterise large agglomerates of powders due to sieve blockage. This work assesses the feasibility of a real-time monitoring approach using a benchtop test rig and a prototype acoustic-based measurement approach to provide information that can be correlated to product quality and provide the opportunity for future process optimisation. Acoustic emission (AE) was chosen as the sensing method due to its low cost, simple setup process, and ease of implementation. The performance of the proposed method was assessed in a series of experiments where the offline quality check results were compared to the AE-based real-time estimations using data acquired from a benchtop powder free flow rig. A designed time domain based signal processing method was used to extract particle size information from the acquired AE signal and the results show that this technique is capable of estimating the required ratio in the washing powder compound with an average absolute error of 6%.
Engineering Women’s Attitudes and Goals in Choosing Disciplines with Above and Below Average Female Representation
Authors: Verdín Dina , Godwin Allison , Kirn Adam , Benson Lisa , Potvin Geoff
Published: March 2018

Women’s participation in engineering remains well below that of men at all degree levels. However, despite the low enrollment of women in engineering as a whole, some engineering disciplines report above average female enrollment. We used multiple linear regression to examine the attitudes, beliefs, career outcome expectations, and career choice of first-year female engineering students enrolled in below average, average, and above average female representation disciplines in engineering. Our work begins to understand how the socially constructed masculine cultural norms of engineering may attract women differentially into specific engineering disciplines. This study used future time perspective, psychological personality traits, grit, various measures of STEM identities, and items related to career outcome expectations as theoretical frameworks. The results of this study indicate that women who are interested in engineering disciplines with different representations of women (i.e., more or less male-dominated) have significantly different attitudes and beliefs, career goals, and career plans. This study provides information about the perceptions that women may have and attitudes that they bring with them into particular engineering pathways.
Duration Dependent Effect of Static Stretching on Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Force
Authors: Alizadeh Ebadi Leyla , Çetin Ebru
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of static stretching on hamstring and quadriceps muscles’ isokinetic strength when applied for various durations to elite athletes, to investigate the effect of different static stretching durations on isokinetic strength, and finally to determine the optimal stretching duration. Fifteen elite male athletes from two different sport branches (10 football and five basketball) participated in this study. Experimental protocol was designed as 17 repetitive static stretching exercises for hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups according to the indicated experimental protocols; ((A) 5 min jogging; (B) 5 min jogging followed by 15 s static stretching; (C) 5 min jogging followed by 30 s static stretching; (D) 5 min jogging, followed by static stretching for 45 s). Immediately after each protocol, an isokinetic strength test consisting of five repetitions at 60°/s speed and 20 repetitions at 180°/s speed was recorded for the right leg by the Isomed 2000 device. Friedman variance analysis test was employed for data analysis. According to the analyzes, it was observed that 5 min jogging and 15 s stretching exercises increased the isokinetic strength, whereas 30 and 45 s stretching exercises caused a decrease.
Interpretive Structural Analysis of Interrelationships among the Elements of Characteristic Agriculture Development in Chinese Rural Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Cai Yi , Xia Chunping
Published: March 2018

Eradicating poverty is a strategic priority in the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals. This study intends to identify and quantify the elements affecting the Characteristic Agriculture Development (CAD) project implemented in area of Chinese poverty and reveals the interrelationships between those elements. First-hand data for the structural modeling were collected through semi-structured interviews with a group of selected experts. As a result, this study has identified seventeen representative elements, and the interrelationships between them have been examined based on the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. Furthermore, these elements were further categorized into four categories depending on their driving power and dependence power by using the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis. The combination result of the elements identification, ISM modeling and MICMAC analysis provide a conceptual framework for designing, implementing, and managing CAD projects conducted in rural China. Finally, we suggest that an appropriate approach should be applied to empower the poor, promote target group participation, optimize the regional agriculture structure, and increase the agro value chain competiveness in CAD project implementation.
Antecedents and Consequences of Ecotourism Behavior: Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals, Ecological Belief, Willingness to Pay for Ecotourism Services and Satisfaction with Life
Authors: Hwang Kumju , Lee Jieun
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antecedents related to why tourists engage in ecotourism and the consequences of ecotourism behavior. This study examined the concept of self-construal as a social aspect of self that influences different levels of ecological beliefs, which, in turn, affect ecotourism behavior. To address the unsatisfactory predictive power of the belief/attitude-behavior model, this study included the willingness to pay (WTP) for ecotourism between the ecological belief and ecotourism behavior relationships. Finally, this study examined the impact of ecotourism on tourists’ satisfaction with life as a result of ecotourism behavior. A structural equation model was constructed to test the proposed model. We found significant impacts of self-construals in explaining ecological beliefs. Significant relationships were found between ecological belief and WTP for ecotourism services which influenced ecotourism behavior, and between ecological belief and ecotourism behavior which affected satisfaction with life. The moderating effect of gender was only found on the path between WTP and ecotourism behavior. The findings of this study offer some implications for industry and policymakers to develop effective ecotourism programs.
Mine Size Effects on Coal Pillar Stress and Their Application for Partial Extraction
Authors: Yu Yang , Deng Ka-Zhong , Chen Shen-En
Published: March 2018

Coal is a nonrenewable resource. Hence, it is important to improve the coal recovery ratio and ensure the stability of coal mines for sustainable development of mining cities. Partial extraction techniques, such as strip pillar mining or room-and-pillar mining, are efficient methods to extract coal. Pillar stress is a critical property for pillar design and for the assessment of mine stability after partial extraction. Current pillar stress calculation methods can sometimes overestimate the pillar stress and unnecessarily large coal pillars may be left underground, which leads to a waste of coal resources. In this paper, the size effects of mining activity on the maximum vertical pillar stress were investigated using numerical simulations. Both strip pillar mining and room-and-pillar mining were considered as possible mining scenarios at different mining depths. The results show that the maximum pillar stress of a mine is primarily controlled by four factors: the mine size to mining depth ratio, the mining width to pillar width ratio, the overburden elastic modulus, and the mining depth. The maximum pillar stress of a mine gradually increases to an ultimate value as the mine size increases. Simplified formulas and methodology have been derived for stress calculations under consideration of mine size effects and, therefore, can reduce the waste of coal resources from the overestimation of pillar stress.
Spatial Distribution and Mobility Assessment of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles Using Geostatistics and Random Forest, Boruta Algorithm
Authors: Shaheen Asma , Iqbal Javed
Published: March 2018

In third world countries, industries mainly cause environmental contamination due to lack of environmental policies or oversight during their implementation. The Sheikhupura industrial zone, which includes industries such as tanneries, leather, chemical, textiles, and colour and dyes, contributes massive amounts of untreated effluents that are released directly into drains and used for the irrigation of crops and vegetables. This practice causes not only soil contamination with an excessive amount of heavy metals, but is also considered a source of toxicity in the food chain, i.e., bioaccumulation in plants and ultimately in human body organs. The objective of this research study was to assess the spatial distribution of the heavy metals chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), at three depths of soil using geostatistics and the selection of significant contributing variables to soil contamination using the Random Forest (RF) function of the Boruta Algorithm. A total of 60 sampling locations were selected in the study area to collect soil samples (180 samples) at three depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, and 60–90 cm). The soil samples were analysed for their physico-chemical properties, i.e., soil saturation, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and Cr, Cd, and Pb using standard laboratory procedures. The data were analysed with comprehensive statistics and geostatistical techniques. The correlation coefficient matrix between the heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties revealed that electrical conductivity (EC) had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) negative correlation with Cr, Cd, and Pb. The RF function of the Boruta Algorithm employed soil depth as a classifier and ranked the significant soil contamination parameters (Cr, Cd, Pb, EC, and P) in relation to depth. The mobility factor indicated the leachate percentage of heavy metals at different vertical depths of soil. The spatial distribution pattern of Cr, Cd, and Pb revealed spatial variability regarding subsoil horizons. Significant contamination was discovered near the Deg drain and the Bed Nallah irrigated area that indicated a high Cr topsoil contamination, and in a homogenous pattern in Cd and Pb (p < 0.05). Consequently, different soil management strategies can be adopted in an industrial irrigated area to reduce the contamination load of heavy metals in soil.
Transition towards Renewable Energy Production? Potential in Smallholder Agricultural Systems in West Bengal, India
Authors: Winkler Bastian , Lewandowski Iris , Voss Angelika , Lemke Stefanie
Published: March 2018

Renewable energy (RE) production promotes the efficient and sustainable utilization of natural resources at the local level. This study assessed smallholder farmers’ perceptions of RE production in two villages in West Bengal, India. The availability and potential of renewable resources and livelihood characteristics of smallholders were explored. Relevant factors for the selection of appropriate RE technologies were identified, based on the participatory, bottom-up Integrated Renewable Energy Potential Assessment. The research area has abundant solar resources and substantial amounts of organic residues and waste suitable for biodigestion. Important factors for RE technology selection, as stated by farmers, are: ease of daily activities, government support, and limited land requirements. Solar-photovoltaic (PV) systems providing sufficient electricity for household use and irrigation are considered the most appropriate. Key informants focus on initial investment costs, government support, and reduced energy expenditure. They favor solar-PV systems for household electrification. Second choice was an integrated food and energy system that combines solar-PV for irrigation and vermicomposting of organic residues/wastes for fertilizer production. Smallholder famers’ motivation to produce and use RE is high. Their perspective should be integrated in the design of RE-supporting policies and related programs to utilize local natural resources effectively and promote the transition towards renewable energy.
Resident Support for Tourism Development in Rural Midwestern (USA) Communities: Perceived Tourism Impacts and Community Quality of Life Perspective
Authors: Yu Chia-Pin , Cole Shu Tian , Chancellor Charles
Published: March 2018

Local residents play an important role in the process of sustainable development in tourism. Resident support for tourism development contributes to the health of tourism industry and successful community development. Therefore, it is in the best interest of local residents, the tourism industry, and tourists, that residents have a positive outlook on and positive experiences with tourism development. In order to understand resident support for tourism development from tourism impacts and community quality of life perspective within the rural communities of Orange County, Indiana, USA, this study has examined a proposed structural model which incorporates eight latent variables: (a) six types of positive and negative tourism impacts serve as exogenous latent variables; (b) tourism-related community quality of life (TCQOL) is proposed as the mediating variable; and (c) resident support for tourism development is the ultimate dependent variable. The results show that both sociocultural and environmental benefits contribute to the host community’s living experience. Economic and sociocultural benefits, negative sociocultural and environmental impacts, and TCQOL influence resident support for tourism development. This study identified specific tourism impacts that affect TCQOL and resident support for local tourism development. This study affirms that community quality of life (QOL) serves an effective predictor of support for tourism development.
Analysing the Structural Effect of Point Mutations of Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) on Lu/BCAM Adhesion Glycoprotein Association
Authors: De Brevern Alexandre
Published: March 2018

Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) was identified in 1983 as a protein toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Since then, numerous studies have investigated its particularities. For instance, it is associated with the single chain AB-toxin family, and can be divided into different functional and structural domains, e.g., catalytic and transmembrane domain and interaction sites. A few years ago, the identification of the Lutheran (Lu) adhesion glycoprotein/basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) as a cellular receptor for CNF1 provided new insights into the adhesion process of CNF1. Very recently, the Ig-like domain 2 of Lu/BCAM was confirmed as the main interaction site using protein-protein interaction and competition studies with various different mutants. Here, I present in silico approaches that precisely explain the impact of these mutations, leading to a better explanation of these experimental studies. These results can be used in the development of future antitoxin strategies.
Experimental Analysis of the Hydraulic Performance of Wire-Wound Filter Cartridges in Domestic Plants
Authors: Viccione Giacomo , Evangelista Stefania , De Marinis Giovanni
Published: March 2018

Among the treatment processes in water networks—of increasing importance in recent decades due to the progressive deterioration of water quality—filtration still represents a major solution. The present work focuses in particular on the filtration of drinking water with wire-wound filter cartridges, the most widely used type of cartridge in domestic plants among the commercially available cartridges, due to their efficiency and relatively low costs. Specifically, the hydraulic performance of these cartridges was analyzed, i.e., mainly the effect of their introduction into a hydraulic system in terms of head losses. The local pressure drops produced by the cartridges may, in fact, create problems in hydraulic plants already characterized by low pressures, where pressure levels may fall below the minimum limit recommended to ensure the smooth operation of domestic devices. To this aim, a set of experiments was conducted in a pilot circuit in the Laboratory of Environmental and Maritime Hydraulics (LIDAM) at University of Salerno, where pressure drops produced by the cartridges were measured in different operating conditions. The artificially dirty conditions of the wire-wound filters were analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of the filter obstruction. The analysis provided some useful information about the performance and duration of these filters, as well as suggestions for more efficient commercial filters.
A 60-Minute Design Rainstorm for the Urban Area of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Anqi , Qu Ningling , Chen Yuanfang , Li Qi , Gu Shenghua
Published: March 2018

Rainfall with varied temporal distribution is an essential input to urban flood models. In this study, a 60-min design rainstorm with different return periods for the urban area of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China was derived. The design of areal rainfall amounts with given return periods was calculated through frequency analysis. The temporal distribution of the hyetograph was derived using the Pilgrim and Cordery method, combined with the fuzzy identification of seven mode hyetographs for single-peak and double-peak rainstorms separately. The derived hyetographs using the Pilgrim and Cordery method were compared with the classic Chicago rainstorm method. The results indicated that: (1) separating single-peak and double-peak rainstorms to derive respective hyetographs is more practical and rational; (2) a design rainstorm using the proposed methodology is superior to the Chicago rainstorm method.
Behaviour change opportunities at mother and baby checks in primary care: a qualitative investigation of the experiences of GPs
Authors: Talbot Hannah , Strong Emily , Peters Sarah , Smith Debbie M
Published: March 2018

Background

Pregnancy is widely recognised as a ‘teachable moment’ for healthy behaviour change and the postnatal period has been identified as the opportune time to initiate this change. In the UK, all women are offered a routine health check at 6–8 weeks postpartum with their GP. This provides a potential opportunity to facilitate long-term behaviour change discussions.

Aim

To explore GPs’ views and experiences of using the postnatal check as a health-related behaviour change opportunity.

Design and setting

A qualitative, inductive study in general practice.

Method

Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 18 GPs. Audiorecorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

One theme emerged from the data: the postnatal check is an unrealised opportunity to facilitate health-related behaviour change. This theme was organised into three subthemes: opportunity for health-related behaviour change; role responsibility; and patient-led versus GP-led behaviour change.

Conclusion

Although GPs recognise the postnatal check as a potential opportunity for health-related behaviour change, it is underutilised as they do not perceive this to be the purpose of the check and are uncertain as to their role in facilitating lifestyle changes. To enable this long-term lifestyle behaviour change opportunity to be utilised more fully, further research is needed to understand women’s expectations of the postnatal checks and the scope for further recommendations, guidance, and communication training around behaviour change.
Impact of issuing longer- versus shorter-duration prescriptions: a systematic review
Authors: King Sarah , Miani Céline , Exley Josephine , Larkin Jody , Kirtley Anne , Payne Rupert A
Published: March 2018

Background

Long-term conditions place a substantial burden on primary care services, with drug therapy being a core aspect of clinical management. However, the ideal frequency for issuing repeat prescriptions for these medications is unknown.

Aim

To examine the impact of longer-duration (2–4 months) versus shorter-duration (28-day) prescriptions.

Design and setting

Systematic review of primary care studies.

Method

Scientific and grey literature databases were searched from inception until 21 October 2015. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials and observational studies that examined longer prescriptions (2–4 months) compared with shorter prescriptions (28 days) in patients with stable, chronic conditions being treated in primary care. Outcomes of interest were: health outcomes, adverse events, medication adherence, medication wastage, professional administration time, pharmacists’ time and/or costs, patient experience, and patient out-of-pocket costs.

Results

From a search total of 24 876 records across all databases, 13 studies were eligible for review. Evidence of moderate quality from nine studies suggested that longer prescriptions are associated with increased medication adherence. Evidence from six studies suggested that longer prescriptions may increase medication waste, but results were not always statistically significant and were of very low quality. No eligible studies were identified that measured any of the other outcomes of interest, including health outcomes and adverse events.

Conclusion

There is insufficient evidence relating to the overall impact of differing prescription lengths on clinical and health service outcomes, although studies do suggest medication adherence may improve with longer prescriptions. UK recommendations to provide shorter prescriptions are not substantiated by the current evidence base.
Validating DFS concept in lifecycle subway projects in China based on incident case analysis and network analysis
Authors: XIAHOU Xiaer , YUAN Jingfeng , LI Qiming , SKIBNIEWSKI Miroslaw J.
Published: March 2018

Regardless of potential benefits of design for safety (DFS) concept for lifecycle safety management in construction industry, DFS adoption as an early intervention has been slower than expected. While existing research mainly con­centrates on construction and operation phases, the role of design phase in construction safety management is always ignored. To validate the influence of DFS concept on lifecycle safety performance, this research conducted an incident case analysis (ICA) based on 442 cases collected from lifecycle subway projects, and a subway design-incident classification model (SDICM) was developed to help identify their relationship to DFS concept. Network theory was applied to study the interdependence of 22 subsystems obtained from China’s code for metro design in lifecycle safety performance. Research findings show 236 out of 442 accidents are linked to DFS. Compared with construction phase, operation phase is more susceptible to design work. Station Building (SB), Section Construction (SC), Platform Screen Doors (PSD), Vehicle Systems (VES) and Power Supply Systems (PSS) are identified as having the highest number of accidents. The results of network analysis are consistent with ICA and demonstrate the safety interdependence of subsystems. This research can help improve the cognizance of DFS, and the identified subsystems should be given priority in the design phase.
Stochastic Modelling, Analysis, and Simulations of the Solar Cycle Dynamic Process
Authors: Turner Douglas C. , Ladde Gangaram S.
Published: March 2018

Analytical solutions, discretization schemes and simulation results are presented for the time delay deterministic differential equation model of the solar dynamo presented by Wilmot-Smith et al. In addition, this model is extended under stochastic Gaussian white noise parametric fluctuations. The introduction of stochastic fluctuations incorporates variables affecting the dynamo process in the solar interior, estimation error of parameters, and uncertainty of the α-effect mechanism. Simulation results are presented and analyzed to exhibit the effects of stochastic parametric volatility-dependent perturbations. The results generalize and extend the work of Hazra et al. In fact, some of these results exhibit the oscillatory dynamic behavior generated by the stochastic parametric additative perturbations in the absence of time delay. In addition, the simulation results of the modified stochastic models influence the change in behavior of the very recently developed stochastic model of Hazra et al.
Core Emergence in a Massive Infrared Dark Cloud: A Comparison between Mid-IR Extinction and 1.3 mm Emission
Authors: Kong Shuo , Tan Jonathan C. , Arce Héctor G. , Caselli Paola , Fontani Francesco , Butler Michael J.
Published: March 2018

Stars are born from dense cores in molecular clouds. Observationally, it is crucial to capture the formation of cores in order to understand the necessary conditions and rate of the star formation process. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is extremely powerful for identifying dense gas structures, including cores, at millimeter wavelengths via their dust continuum emission. Here, we use ALMA to carry out a survey of dense gas and cores in the central region of the massive (∼105
M
⊙) infrared dark cloud (IRDC) G28.37+0.07. The observation consists of a mosaic of 86 pointings of the 12 m array and produces an unprecedented view of the densest structures of this IRDC. In this first Letter about this data set, we focus on a comparison between the 1.3 mm continuum emission and a mid-infrared (MIR) extinction map of the IRDC. This allows estimation of the “dense gas” detection probability function (DPF), i.e., as a function of the local mass surface density, Σ, for various choices of thresholds of millimeter continuum emission to define “dense gas.” We then estimate the dense gas mass fraction, f
dg, in the central region of the IRDC and, via extrapolation with the DPF and the known Σ probability distribution function, to the larger-scale surrounding regions, finding values of about 5% to 15% for the fiducial choice of threshold. We argue that this observed dense gas is a good tracer of the protostellar core population and, in this context, estimate a star formation efficiency per free-fall time in the central IRDC region of ϵ
ff ∼ 10%, with approximately a factor of two systematic uncertainties.
Was Charles Darwin right in his explanation of the ‘abominable mystery’?
Authors: Sgorbati Sergio , D'Antraccoli Marco , Citterio Sandra , Gentili Rodolfo , Peruzzi Lorenzo
Published: March 2018

The site and time of origin of angiosperms are still debated. The co-occurrence of many of the early branching lineages of flowering plants in a region somewhere between Australia and the SW Pacific islands suggests a possible Gondwanan origin of angiosperms. The recent recognition of Zealandia, a 94% submerged continent in the east of Australia, could explain the discrepancy between molecular clocks and fossil records about the age of angiosperms, supporting the old Darwinian hypothesis of a “lost continent” to explain the “abominable mystery” regarding the origin and rapid radiation of flowering plants.
A checklist of chiggers from Brazil, including new records (Acari: Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae)
Authors: Jacinavicius Fernando de Castro , Bassini-Silva Ricardo , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Pepato Almir Rogério , Ochoa Ronald , Welbourn Cal , Barros-Battesti Darci Moraes
Published: March 2018

A checklist of the family Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae is presented, containing 63 species in 30 genera of chiggers from 80 different hosts and 146 localities in Brazil. The type locality and depository are provided, including new locality and host records for the country.
Dung beetle vicariant speciation in the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico, with a description of a new species of Phanaeus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Kohlmann Bert , Arriaga-Jiménez Alfonsina , Rös Matthias
Published: March 2018

An analysis of vicariant speciation ofGeotrupesandPhanaeus(Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) from the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico is undertaken. The new species of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Oaxaca, Mexico,Phanaeusdionysiussp. n.is described. Photos of the habitus and a distribution map are provided.PhanaeusmalyiArnaud is revalidated. An updated key for thePhanaeusendymionspecies group and new localities are also presented. An updated key for theGeotrupesof Oaxaca and new locality records are also submitted.
Les survivants d’abus durant l’enfance : la contribution particulière de l’Approche centrée sur la personne
Authors: Hawkins Jan , Dreyfus-Asséo Sylvie
Published: March 2018

Le travail thérapeutique avec des personnes victimes d’abus durant leur enfance est délicat et demande une capacité de prise en compte de leur situation particulière et des effets que leur vécu d’enfant a sur elles. La démarche thérapeutique de Rogers possède les caractéristiques qui permettent d’accompagner la guérison des personnes ayant vécu un tel traumatisme, en particulier du fait qu’elle les aide à se réapproprier leur pouvoir sur elles-mêmes. Plusieurs vignettes cliniques illustrent combien une pratique inadéquate peut créer des blocages et des souffrances supplémentaires, sans que le thérapeute en ait conscience.
Saisir le point
Authors: Grant Barry , Ducroux-Biass Françoise
Published: March 2018

Dans cet article, Grant fait la différence entre l’approche de l’empathie traditionnelle, basée sur l’expérience et l’approche de l’empathie de la thérapie non-directive (classique) centrée sur le client, basée sur la communication intentionnelle du client. L’empathie non-directive n’a pas de but, mais a pour cible de ne comprendre que ce que le client essaye d’exprimer. La compréhension empathique est structurée et implique un apprentissage de l’écoute qui s’apparente à celui de la lecture. Avant de livrer sa conclusion et ses recommandations, Barry Grant explique l’heuristique de la compréhension empathique et invite les thérapeutes à différencier le point et l’histoire.
Science as Institutional Formation in The New Era and Journey to Utopia
Authors: Isaacson Nathaniel
Published: March 2018

L’émergence de la science-fiction en Chine a été conditionnée par une reconnaissance de la complicité potentielle du genre avec l’imagination impériale, et un désir de l’employer comme moyen de créer des contre-narratifs. Les lecteurs de la fin de la dynastie Qing y cherchaient du réconfort alors que leur nation se transformait de grand pays hégémonique au trou paumé en train de s’effondrer. Les intellectuels de la même époque se tracassaient de comment réconcilier l’occidentalisation, la modernisation et les technologies étrangères et le cadre épistémologique chinois. Bien avant que les critiques de l’Orientalisme se soient établis comme pierre angulaire des études postcoloniales, The New Era (1908) de Biheguan Zhuren et Journey to Utopia (1906) de Xiaoran Yusheng ont exprimé une compréhension implicite qu’il avait profondément conditionné la géopolitique du début du vingtième siècle. Cet article souligne un phénomène particulier à la science-fiction de ce moment historique : dans la mesure où la science-fiction a abordé le sens de « la science », il était souvent le cas que les intellectuels l’ont dépeinte comme le produit de certaines institutions modernes. C’est-à-dire, The New Era et Journey to Utopia présentent des descriptions merveilleuses de technologies imaginaires, mais les deux romans font aussi très attention aux institutions abstraites et concrètes dédiées à la production et à la diffusion des connaissances ainsi que les modes d’organisation social – surtout le temps. De plus, ces institutions et structures figuraient en bonne place dans la science-fiction de la fin de la dynastie Qing et constituaient un axe crucial dans une lutte socio-Darwinienne pour la survie nationale.
Contrôle de sécurité
Authors: Song Han , Aloisio Loïc
Published: March 2018

Cette nouvelle ( Anjian 安检, Contrôle de sécurité) a paru pour la première fois en 2014 dans le journal Nanfang Renwu Zhoukan 南方人物周刊 et fut inspirée par le renforcement des contrôles de sécurité dans le métro de Pékin.
Les romans de science-fiction de Liu Cixin
Authors: Mingwei Song , Gaffric Gwennaël
Published: March 2018

Cet article propose une introduction aux romans et aux nouvelles de science-fiction de Liu Cixin, un auteur chinois ayant joué un rôle majeur dans la revitalisation de ce genre dans la Chine du XXI e siècle. Cette contribution examine l’œuvre de Liu Cixin dans le contexte de l’histoire du genre en Chine. Liu et d’autres écrivains de la même génération ont été à l’origine du lancement d’une nouvelle vague de SF à un moment où le genre connaît une popularité sans précédent ces dernières années. La majeure partie de cet article analyse le style de cette nouvelle vague, à travers l’exemple de Liu Cixin, son meilleur représentant. Il présente aussi quelques œuvres majeures de Liu Cixin et théorise, à travers les romans de Liu, l’esthétique et la politique de la nouvelle vague. La trilogie du Problème à trois corps , les plus célèbres romans de Liu Cixin, sont discutés ici avec une attention particulière à sa description sublime de l’univers. Cette contribution explore la poétique de la nouvelle vague, en concluant qu’elle est une continuation de l’esprit culturel d’avant-garde ayant émergé dans les années 1980. Le roman Chine 2185 de Liu Cixin, encore jamais publié, est reconnu comme étant à l’origine de la nouvelle vague et son analyse montre l’importance des caractéristiques de la nouvelle vague qui seront plus tard à la base de l’écriture d’un roman aussi populaire que le Problème à trois corps .
De Solaris à Gaïa et retour
Authors: Miquel Paul-Antoine
Published: March 2018

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la relation entre un texte de science-fiction célèbre de Stanislas Lem et une hypothèse scientifique énoncée dans un style très inhabituel et en un sens pourtant propre à notre époque : l’hypothèse Gaïa de James Lovelock (1979). Nous voudrions faire apparaitre l’idée que la science-fiction est une sorte de cas-limite, un réactif qui renouvelle la fonction esthétique. Et nous voudrions montrer pourquoi ce qui rapproche Gaïa de Solaris engage la recherche scientifique dans des directions qui sont nouvelles, au niveau heuristique, méthodologique et même ontologique.
Interpréter dans la grosseur du trait
Authors: Daniel François-Joseph
Published: March 2018

Les modèles informatiques de dispersion des odeurs sont devenus depuis quelques années l’un des outils de mise en œuvre de la réglementation relative aux nuisances odorantes d’origine industrielle. Leur mobilisation récurrente dans les contextes d’implantation d’équipements polluants soulève la question de leur usage en situation de gestion de la nuisance au regard de la complexité des pratiques scientifiques, économiques et institutionnelles. Elle interroge notamment la manière dont la confiance dans les modèles se construit en situation, dont leurs utilisateurs composent avec les incertitudes et dont les résultats de la simulation informatique opèrent concrètement. Cet article montre que les usagers de ces modèles s’en servent comme des boîtes noires génératrices de représentations visuelles cartographiques visant à prédire et évaluer la nuisance. Ils sont animés par une « culture de la simulation » (Sundberg, 2010) dans laquelle les modèles sont utilisés « en surface », pour leurs résultats uniquement. Si les usages prédictifs opèrent comme des instruments performatifs, peu contestés, qui équipent les études d’impacts et font exister institutionnellement la nuisance, les usages évaluatifs sont, quant à eux, plus contrastés. La confrontation des résultats des modèles avec les ressentis expérientiels des riverains engendre un besoin de validation sur le terrain, un usage indiciel et prudent de ces simulations et une mobilisation complémentaire d’autres modes de qualification de l’environnement odorant.
Plaints soient les Indiens du cosmos
Authors: Young Jane M.
Published: March 2018

Alors que, depuis les années 1960, les États-Uniens puisent dans la culture amérindienne dans l’espoir de redonner un sens à leur vie dans une société matérialiste, le programme spatial de la NASA reflète une cosmologie et un ethos auxquels se heurte la cosmologie zuni. Loin de la compréhension occidentale de l’espace comme un ensemble de corps inanimés, celle-ci témoigne notamment d’une vision englobante de l’individu dans l’univers, lequel comporte des corps célestes personnifiés selon une mythologie riche et ancienne. En cela, le programme Apollo peut être appréhendé non seulement comme son antithèse, mais également comme la traduction de l’opposition historique entre Anglo-Américains et Amérindiens. Parce que l’analyse d’une cosmologie permet de mettre à nu les mécanismes idéologiques intervenant dans l’organisation d’une société et de ses politiques, la définition du programme spatial ne peut finalement être indépendante de la manière dont une culture conçoit l’organisation de l’univers et la place qu’y détient l’être humain.
Les téléconsultations en santé mentale
Authors: Mathieu-Fritz Alexandre
Published: March 2018

Les dispositifs de téléconsultation en santé mentale qui se développent sur Internet offrent des conditions d’interaction particulières contribuant à la transformation des pratiques et de la relation psychothérapeutiques. Le cadre physique et symbolique de cette relation est bouleversé, les conditions d’observabilité et d’audibilité mutuelles sont moins bonnes qu’en face-à-face, les praticiens éprouvent, de diverses manières, une impression de distance dans la relation au patient. Le nouveau cadre psychothérapeutique, du fait d’une plus grande ouverture, mais aussi des petits dysfonctionnements techniques qui surgissent lors des séances, rend les interactions plus fragiles – au sens où celles-ci peuvent être perturbées ou interrompues plus facilement qu’au cours du face-à-face se déroulant dans l’espace protégé du cabinet. Des efforts d’attention soutenus doivent aussi être développés pour capter les divers éléments d’information produits par le patient – qui se font plus rares lors des téléconsultations. Enfin, les intuitions cliniques se manifestent différemment et les praticiens doutent plus qu’à l’habitude de la qualité de leur jugement et de leurs hypothèses diagnostiques, ce qui les conduit à poser plus de questions et à laisser moins de place au silence et à son interprétation. Mais le fait même que les intuitions cliniques puissent se manifester lors des téléconsultations contribue à l’établissement d’une relation empathique et, partant, à la réalisation du travail psychothérapeutique à distance.
Échec et « potentialités collatérales » d’une expérimentation en télémédecine d’urgence
Authors: Gaglio Gérald
Published: March 2018

Tous les observateurs de la télémédecine française s’accordent aujourd’hui à penser que ses développements sont largement insuffisants au regard des objectifs fixés et des moyens mis en œuvre. Cet article se penche précisément sur la survenance d’un échec en matière de télémédecine, tout en questionnant la catégorie d’« échec » et en montrant ses nuances. L’article s’appuie sur le cas d’une expérimentation en télémédecine d’urgence déployée entre des maisons de retraite et un centre 15 du SAMU, entre 2012 et 2014. Après avoir mis en évidence les difficultés rencontrées, les tentatives pour les dépasser et les initiatives qui en ont découlé sont examinées. Elles seront nommées « potentialités collatérales » d’un processus d’innovation initial et seront situées dans la littérature sociologique sur l’innovation.
Patients projetés et patients en pratique dans un dispositif de suivi à distance
Authors: Mayère Anne
Published: March 2018

Après avoir posé des repères sur les figures de patient promues dans des documents programmatiques portées par des instances majeures de la e-santé, nous caractérisons, à partir de l’étude de cas d’un dispositif de télé-suivi, les prescriptions matérialisées ou organisées en direction des patients, et ce que ces derniers en font pour mener à bien leur travail (au sens de Strauss et al ., 1997). Est ainsi mis en évidence un travail renouvelé, complexifié, tout en étant en bonne part dénié et invisibilisé. Il peut trouver des appuis dans les interventions de soignants en charge du télé-suivi, qui tentent de réduire la tension entre standardisation et singularité, mais sont contraintes par les enjeux de responsabilité et de modèle économique. Une telle étude permet également d’interroger les formes de cloisonnement visant à délimiter les territoires de responsabilité, et la façon dont elles renouvellent le travail d’articulation requis de la part des patients.
Simultanéité en séance/Diachronie du processus
Authors: Botella César
Published: March 2018

L’article conclut que la pensée psychanalytique de Freud est plus vaste que sa méthode limitée au traitement de psychonévroses et à un processus analytique basé sur la diachronie des événements. Un élargissement de la méthode serait nécessaire à partir de la notion de simultanéité en séance. L’auteur décrit alors un travail complémentaire, spécifique, de l’analyste qui permettrait de réussir les analyses des névroses, là où le processus diachronique s’avère insuffisant : névroses de caractère, traumatiques, actuelles.