bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovación educativa en la formación docente de la institución Nuestra Señora de la Merced Villa el Salvador, 2020
Authors: Neciosup Huillca Karen Lucero , Rodríguez Del Solar Octavia Natalia
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de la influencia de innovación educativa en la formación docente de la Institución Nuestra Señora de la Merced Villa el Salvador, 2020.

El tipo de estudio es descriptiva, correlacional, con un diseño no experimental, transversal. Se recogió la información en un período específico, que se desarrolló al aplicar el instrumento del cuestionario para ambas variables con una escala de Likert, aplicados a la muestra de estudio quienes brindaron información acerca de la las variables de estudio y sus dimensiones, cuyos resultados se presentan gráfica y textualmente, los cuales participaron en el cuestionario, fueron todos los actores involucrados de la Institución Educativa Nuestra Señora de la Merced.

Los resultados obtenidos nos permitieron observar que el 29.73% de los encuestados perciben un nivel de siempre con respecto a la variable innovación educativa, el 57.66% presentan un nivel de casi siempre y un 12.61% un nivel a veces. Así mismo se observa que el 33.33% de los encuestados perciben un nivel de siempre con respecto a la variable formación del docente, el 55.86% presentan un nivel de casi siempre y un 10.81% un nivel de a veces. Con respecto a la comprobación de la hipótesis se obtuvo que la variable innovación educativa influye positivamente con la variable formación del docente según la correlación de Spearman de 0.690 representado este resultado como moderado con una significancia estadística de p=0.001 siendo menor que el 0.01. Por lo tanto, se acepta la hipótesis principal y se rechaza la hipótesis nula.
Coin-Based Mobile Charger using Solar Tracker
Authors: P. S. Nethravathi , P. S. Aithal , Soans Sonia , Yadav Nayana
Published: September 2021

Background/Purpose: Mobile phone industry is a booming industry in the market in the present times. This industry is growing tremendously not only in urban areas but also in villages. For communication and other various purposes people use Mobile phones. Hence the usage of mobile is much more that before ten years. In urban areas there are many resources available for charging but in rural areas most of the time charging facilities are unavailable and load shedding causes a lot of problems. Sometimes the battery becomes low during conversations or even an important transaction, and an urgent charging becomes necessary.
Objective: The major objective of this work is by inserting a coin in public places, one can charge the mobile phone. It will be helpful for the people who are suing mobile phones outside their homes/offices, need to use the coin based mobile phone charger to charge the mobile. To transmit and receive the IR (Infrared) signal, an IR transmitter and IR receiver will be used at the receiving end. A coin needs to be inserted between IR transmitter and receiver, which will change the polarity of the pulses in Signal Conditioning Unit (SCU) input. To activate the 230V charger, the relay will be ON and then the charger is used to charge the mobile phone.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Coin-based Mobile charger using solar tracker designed to provide a completely different service to people staying in rural areas. For controlling applications, 8051 microcontroller-based circuits used for programming. Power grid is the used for charging and the energy obtained from the sun is used when grid power is not available. MATLAB is utilized for coding to find the edge of the coin comparing it to the image clicked by the camera and to avoid coin duplication
Findings/Results: A simple and effective mobile charger has been implemented, which allow users to charge their phones in an emergency in public areas. This device uses very few components with a microcontroller 8051-based circuit. Usage of stepper motors allows accurate sun tracking. After reviewing the data, it was discovered that it is possible to capture good volume of sun energy when compared with fixed panel system. This method is more efficient, less costly and easier to use.
Conclusion: This work uses solar power as solar energy and generates more energy for free of cost. This system also uses external grid power in the absence of solar energy which will be helpful in the rural areas since villages face load shedding most of the time.
Paper Type: Research paper on the success story and contributing factors of coin based mobile charger using solar system.
Soil Chemical Properties and Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield influenced by Lime and Fern (Pteris vittata)
Authors: CHUONG Nguyen Van , BUSH Trang Kien
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to investigate the influence of liming and fern on reducing the absorption of arsenic (As) by maize and As content in the soil. The single-factor experiment was designed in a completely random block (4 treatments and 4 replicates). Treatments were followed: Treatment 1 (NT1) liming (3tons CaO.ha-1); NT2: Plant ferns alternately with maize (without liming); NT3: Plant ferns alternately with maize and liming (3 tons CaO.ha-1); NT4: Control (no liming or ferns). The results showed that the applications of liming and ferns have positive influences on the soil pH, EC, OM, yield, and yield components of the maize tested in this study. The yield difference between the application of liming and intercropped ferns was increased from 5.4 to 22.3 %. Moreover, the arsenic contents in soil, stems, and seeds were 25.7, 32.0 and 50 % lower than that of the control, respectively. soil to roots and stems, which significantly caused reduction of a large amount of As content in soils. Therefore, to reduce the production cost, and enhance soil and maize quality, application of lime (3 ton.ha-1) and intercropped ferns is recommended.
HIGHLIGHTS

Increasing pH, EC and organic matter by the lime application combined with ferns
Decreasing the soil arsenic concentration by intercroping maizes and ferns
The lime application combined with ferns raising the yield components and yield of maize
The high As accumulation of stems and shoots of ferns intercroping maizes and ferns
The lowest As accumulation of stems and seeds of maizes applying the lime combined with ferns
Application of the Simple Verification Method to Estimate the Weather at Makassar Maritime Station, Indonesia
Authors: DIDIHARYONO Didiharyono , GIARNO Giarno
Published: September 2021

Verification is used to measure the quality of a weather prediction, improve process performance, and measure the value of weather estimation. Initially, weather verification developed after Finley published his paper on the verification of tornado events. The type of data, objectives, and scale can make a different method in using weather verification. If there are some parameters that can be predicted, a simple question is consequently often asked by the public: how accurate are weather forecasts? Nowadays, the public wants a simple answer in 1 value that is presented quantitatively. The aim of the research is to develop a simple method that can answer the accuracy of weather prediction in a value that is easily understood by the public. Practically, validation comparing between prediction and observation parameters is divided into 2, namely dichotomous and comparing the values. This research tries to combine all weather prediction variables into a dichotomous variable with a threshold. Moreover, this technique is tested on weather predictions for the port of Makassar over a year. The results show that a certain threshold can be used to change the weather variable to be dichotomous. With the application of this method, forecast accuracy and suitability between the predicted parameters can be obtained. Moreover, the weather forecast issued by the Makassar Maritime Station shows the average true value of the forecast to be 69.1 %, and then the capabilities vary by forecasters, which range from 61 to 79 %.
HIGHLIGHTS

Weather forecast verification is used to measure the quality of a weather forecast, improve process performance, and the value of weather forecasts
The character of the weather variables and their predictions is unique and influences the type of evaluation method
To facilitate the public's assessment of the accuracy of weather predictions, it is necessary to combine weather prediction evaluation methods in one value
Using the tolerance threshold whether a deviant prediction is used to combine various weather predictive variables
Average true value of the forecast is 69.1 % and the different capabilities of each forecaster, which range from 61 to 79 %

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Implementation of 5.1 Sidra Intersection Software for Appraisal of Road Corridors under Current Form
Authors: MANUKA Dagimwork Asele
Published: September 2021

The major goal of this study was to compute the flow appearances of the chosen midblock and to evaluate the road sections using various performance metrics that analyzed these road sections in both current and future conditions. Performance measure of flow parameters was at the operational period of the road. Therefore, this work examined the 2-way 2-lane roads with various performance measures. The capacity of mid blocks was also determined by plotting capacity curves and the level of service arrived and Sidra Intersection 5.1 tools were used for the analysis. All midblock evaluated with different performance measures both in current and future conditions with basic considerations. The analysis was done by adopting Sidra Intersection 5.1 tool and showed that 2-way 2-lane roads in future conditions were studied and the result indicated that their average travel speed, degree of saturation, practical spare capacity, total effective capacity, demand of flow, and level of service (LOS) displayed major changes from the base condition.
HIGHLIGHTS

Compute the flow appearances of the chosen midblock
To evaluate the road sections using various performance metrics that analyzed these road sections in both current and future conditions
Performance measure of flow parameters was at the operational period of the road. Therefore, this work examined the 2-way 2-lane roads with various performance measures
The capacity of mid blocks was also determined by plotting capacity curves
The level of service arrived and Sidra Intersection 5.1 tools were used for the analysis

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
MOOCs as a Professional Development Tool for Library and Information Science Professionals: A Study
Authors: S Uma Devi
Published: September 2021

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are recent innovative addition to the online learning landscape and spreading rapidly in all disciplines including Library and Information Science (LIS) profession. MOOCs proliferates, LIS professionals have the opportunity to leverage this technology to improve their professional skills. This paper, intended to understand the MOOCs concept, MOOCs and LIS Education, MOOCs Benefits, Why LIS should be part of MOOC, and at the end discussed feasible areas of application of MOOCs in LIS domain etc.
Cenários do Debate sobre a Natureza da Ciência nos Cursos de Licenciatura em Física no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela Kaiana , Custódio José Francisco
Published: September 2021

Neste trabalho tivemos o objetivo de investigar a dimensão da inserção de reflexões sobre a natureza da ciência e que aspectos da natureza da ciência são privilegiados em cursos de Licenciatura em Física (LF) de instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas no Brasil. Com auxílio da Análise de Conteúdo, identificamos e analisamos ementas de 390 disciplinas que tratavam do tema presentes nos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso e Matrizes Curriculares de 145 cursos de LF de 90 IES. Evidenciamos que a inserção de temas relativos à natureza da ciência é muito tímida nos cursos de LF, inseridas em disciplinas que representam apenas 4,65% da carga horária dos cursos, classificadas nesta pesquisa como Saberes Disciplinares de História, Filosofia, Epistemologia e Sociologia da(s) Ciência(s) e da Física (3,39%), Saberes Pedagógicos (0,94%) e Saberes Disciplinares de Física (0,32%). Além disso, as ementas foram categorizadas a partir de diferentes abordagens com relação a abrangência e profundidade do conteúdo histórico, filosófico, epistemológico e sociológico da ciência/física, e do ensino da natureza da ciência. Concluímos que há certa influência das recomendações da área de educação científica sobre o tema natureza da ciência nos currículos de LF, bem como diversidade de aspectos da natureza da ciência sendo abordados, indicando falta de consenso sobre o que deve ser ensinado.
Potential Energy Distribution Study Of Beta Asarone and its Vibrational Spectrum and Force Constants
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, India., Bindu M.B. , Sam Linu ,   Department of Physics, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, India., R Amrutha ,   Department of Physics, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, India.
Published: September 2021

The PED assignments are analysed for the title molecule. The Force Constants and Reduced masses are presented for reference. Vibrational assignments are made to the title molecule Beta Asarone. .The analysis of Vibrational Assignments is done with an intention to deduce the various properties of Beta Asarone that should aid in analysing the reported toxicity of Beta Asarone.
ON THE USAGE OF SOUND METAPHORS IN DISEASE DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: MARGARYAN SVETLANA , PETROSYAN ALINA
Published: September 2021

SVETLANA MARGARYAN, ALINA PETROSYAN - ON THE USAGE OF
SOUND METAPHORS IN DISEASE DIAGNOSTICS
The present paper studies a number of sound metaphors which are
used in the diagnostic process. When a physical assessment is performed,
percussion and auscultation are two techniques/methods of clinical
examination used. Both percussion and auscultation involve actions which
identify internal sounds of the body, coupled with the extra or abnormal
sounds of varying tonal quality. Drawing parallels between these abnormal
sounds and real-world phenomena, specialists denominate these sounds via
metaphoric constructs. In this case metaphors act as time-efficient tools in the
diagnostic process and distinctive markers of the identified pathology.
ANTONYMS AND ANTITHESES IN THE COLLECTIONS OF POEMS "DON'T GET
LIGHT" AND "FOOTPRINTS WITH WATERCOLOR" BY A. ALOYAN
Authors: GEVORGYAN LILIT
Published: September 2021

LILIT GEVORGYAN - ANTONYMS AND ANTITHESES IN THE COLLECTIONS OF POEMS "DON'T GET LIGHT" AND "FOOTPRINTS WITH WATERCOLOR" BY A. ALOYAN
Within the framework of this article, the stylistic expressions of the
antonyms and antitheses extracted from in the collections of poems "Don't
become illuminated" and "Footprints with watercolor" written by poet Ara
Aloyan have been discussed. Their semantic fields and lexical groups, their
use in the writer's poetry as a way of expressing the objective world, objects,
phenomena, poetic sentiments, feelings, emotions and thoughts have been
studied.
FUNCTIONAL-STYLISTIC PECULIARITIES OF JOURNALISTIC STYLE WITHIN THE
FRAMEWORK OF LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE
Authors: DANIELYAN TAMARA
Published: September 2021

TAMARA DANIELYAN - FUNCTIONAL-STYLISTIC PECULIARITIES OF JOURNALISTIC STYLE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE
In the article we consider functional-stylistic peculiarities of newspaper
and publicistic style. The aim of the article is to study such stylistic devices as
metaphor, oxymoron, epithet, irony, repetition, etc. which are frequently
used in newspaper articles. As an object of Linguistic Expertise (LE) the article
“NAGORNO-KARABAKH WANTS A SEAT AT THE TABLE” in the Washington
Post has been taken. Uncertainty, pessimism, negative attitude of the author
can be expressed in conflict texts of newspaper style via devices mentioned
above. A stylistic analysis is used in the article as one of the methods of LE.
Having completed the analysis of newspaper style, we can state that LE can
detect certain intentions of an author using stylistic analysis method.
Avaliação Neuropsicológica em Pacientes com AVC
Authors: Fiorini Lis
Published: September 2021

Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) is the disease that kills the most in Brazil and the one that causes the most disability in the world. It happens when the vessels that carry blood to the brain clog or rupture, thus causing paralysis in the affected area. Because this accident happens in the brain, many patients are left with sequelae for the rest of their lives, so the neuropsychological assessment was created in order to determine how much these injuries are harming the patient. The general objective of this study was to discuss the neuropsychological assessment in stroke patients. The research method used was the literature review, which searched in reliable databases for studies already published on the subject in order to compile information and discuss among authors. Thus, it is concluded that more studies should be carried out to accurately determine which injuries, their degrees, and thus be able to provide the patient with a better quality of life.
The effect of the content of ApoA-I in peripheral blood on the state of immune homeostasis in people living in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic
Authors: Pashinskaya Ksenia Olegovna , Samodova A. V. , Dobrodeeva L. K.
Published: September 2021

The paper presents data on the impacts of the content of ApoA-I in peripheral blood on the state of immune homeostasis in people living in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic. From the village of Revda, Murmansk region, 191 people were examined, 160 women and 31 men, aged from 21 to 55 years. The analysis of the results was carried out depending on the level of ApoA-I content: 111 examined people had a low content of ApoA-I (< 115 mg/dl) and 80 people had a concentration of ApoA-I - within the physiological norm (115-220 mg/dl). Deficiency of ApoA-I is associated with an increase in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol in 37.5% and triglycerides in 62.5% of cases. Low content of ApoA-I is associated with a decrease in the content of neutrophilic granulocytes and an increase in the concentration of small lymphocytes, IL-10 and IgE. Deficiency of ApoA-I is associated with an increase in the content of CD45RA+, CD16+, CD56+ lymphocyte phenotypes in blood. Low concentrations of ApoA-I are associated with low expression activity of L-selectin gene and free L-selectin ligand. Due to deficiency of ApoA-I, no significant differences were detected in the content of transferrin, free transferrin receptor, haptoglobin, free calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein, and free pool of receptors involved in apoptosis. Conclusion: deficiency of ApoA-I in blood plasma is associated with increased migration of neutrophils into the tissue and cell-mediated cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and occurs because of the effect of decreased activity of the level of antioxidant defense, changes in the structure of cell membranes and the participation of adhesion molecules.
Bioestimulação tecidual associando IPRF e fios de PDO em correção de cicatriz de fissura nasolabial
Authors: Fortuna Marrach Archangelo Fátima , Correia Sousa Claudine Valéria
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo deste relato de caso foi demonstrar a aplicação das técnicas de bioestimulação tecidual, utilizadas na harmonização orofacial, associando IPRF e fios de PDO, em cicatriz proveniente de cirurgia para reparação de fenda nasopalatina. Detalhamentos de Caso: Paciente do gênero feminino, 32 anos de idade, procurou tratamento de Harmonização Orofacial e foi atendida em consultório particular, localizado em Pirassununga – São Paulo. Constatou-se presença de cicatriz proveniente de cirurgia para correção de lábio leporino e fissura nasal, localizada próximo à asa nasal, ao lado esquerdo. Foi realizada terapia de bioestimulação tecidual para minimizar a presença do tecido cicatricial, utilizando IPRF e fios de PDO, totalizando três aplicações com intervalos de 30 dias entre cada uma delas. Após esse período de tratamento observamos crescente nivelamento dos sulcos decorrentes da cicatriz na região da asa nasal esquerda. Conclusão: O aspecto clínico obtido pela bioestimulação da região, com o IPRF e os fios de PDO, foi de suavização do sulco cicatricial sugerindo o favorecimento da recuperação do tecido da asa nasal esquerda influenciando a devolução da autoestima de paciente.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO DE UM AMBIENTE DE NEGÓCIOS EM ÁREAS DE DESMATAMENTO
Authors: Vidal Venceslau Bruna , Correia Silva David Costa
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho objetiva estudar a evolução do ambiente de negócios em Paragominas, um município que entre 2007 e 2008 sofreu intervenções governamentais, como a inserção na Lista de Municípios Prioritários (LMP) e a Operação Arco de Fogo (OAF), ambas as ações que atuaram para combater o desmatamento e oferecer alternativas sustentáveis à economia da região; bem como verificar se estas institucionalidades ocasionaram alterações de longo prazo, na base produtiva e no mercado de trabalho formal do município. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo histórico-institucional, onde foram levantados materiais bibliográficos, juntamente com o uso de dados secundários; mostrando as transformações ocorridas. Nesse sentido, somando a trajetória histórica de Paragominas levando em conta o processo de formação socioeconômica e institucional vivenciado pelo município, o trabalho focou nas transformações ocorridas, entre 2001 e 2018, por meio da análise dos dados da produção agropecuária municipal; estabelecimentos e mercado de trabalho; e do desmatamento. Os resultados mostram que a intervenção estatal no combate ao desmatamento no município foi ineficiente, uma vez que a taxa de desmatamento continua positiva, assim como, seu ambiente de negócios e mercado de trabalho formal, também apresentou pouca modificação após a instituição da LMP e OAF. Já no que tange a produção agropecuária municipal, ao longo dos últimos anos, ela vem sendo reestruturada com o fortalecimento das atividades graneleiras, como soja e milho.
The drivers and health risks of the unexpected surface ozone enhancements over the Sichuan basin, China in 2020
Authors: Sun Youwen , Yin Hao , Lu Xiao , Notholt Justus , Palm Mathias , Liu Cheng , Tian Yuan , Zheng Bo
Published: September 2021

Abstract. After a continuous increase in surface ozone (O3) level from 2013 to 2019, the overall summertime O3 concentration across China showed a significant reduction in 2020. In contrast to this overall reduction in surface O3 across China, unexpected surface O3 enhancements of 10.2 ± 0.8 ppbv (23.4 %) were observed in May–June 2020 vs. 2019 over the Sichuan basin (SCB), China. In this study, we use high resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem simulation, the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning method and the exposure−response relationship to determine the drivers and evaluate the health risks of the unexpected surface O3 enhancements. We first use the XGBoost machine learning method to correct the GEOS-Chem model-to-measurement O3 discrepancy over the SCB. The relative contributions of meteorology and anthropogenic emissions changes to the unexpected surface O3 enhancements are then quantified with the combination of GEOS-Chem and XGBoost models. In order to assess the health risks caused by the unexpected O3 enhancements over the SCB, total premature death mortalities are estimated. The results show that changes in anthropogenic emissions caused 0.9 ± 0.1 ppbv of O3 reduction and changes in meteorology caused 11.1 ± 0.7 ppbv of O3 increase in May–June 2020 vs. 2019. The meteorology-induced surface O3 increase is mainly attributed to significant increases in temperature and downward potential vorticity, and decreases in precipitation, specific humidity and cloud fractions over the SCB and surrounding regions in May–June 2020 vs. 2019. These changes in meteorology combined with the complex basin effect enhance downward transport of O3 from upper troposphere, enhance biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), speed up O3 chemical production, and inhabit the ventilation of O3 and its precursors, and therefore account for the surface O3 enhancements over the SCB. The total premature mortality due to the unexpected surface O3 enhancements over the SCB has increased by 89.8 % in May–June 2020 vs. 2019.
Direct Measurements of Ozone Response to Emissions Perturbations in California
Authors: Wu Shenglun , Lee Hyung Joo , Rohrbacher Andrea , Liu Shang , Kuwayama Toshihiro , Seinfeld John H. , Kleeman Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. A new technique was used to directly measure O3 response to changes in precursor NOx and VOC concentrations in the atmosphere using three identical Teflon “smog chambers” equipped with UV lights. One chamber served as the baseline measurement for O3 formation, one chamber added NOx, and one chamber added surrogate VOCs (ethylene, m-xylene, n-hexane). Comparing the O3 formation between chambers over a three-hour UV cycle provides a direct measurement of O3 sensitivity to precursor concentrations. Measurements made with this system at Sacramento, California, between April 2020 – December 2020 revealed that the atmospheric chemical regime followed a seasonal cycle. O3 formation was VOC-limited (NOx – rich) during the early spring, transitioned to NOx-limited during the summer due to increased concentrations of ambient VOCs with high O3 formation potential, and then returned to VOC-limited (NOx-rich) during the fall season as the concentrations of ambient VOCs decreased and NOx increased. This seasonal pattern of O3 sensitivity is consistent with the cycle of biogenic emissions in California. The direct chamber O3 sensitivity measurements matched semi-direct measurements of HCHO / NO2 ratios from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) satellite. Furthermore, the satellite observations showed that the same seasonal cycle in O3 sensitivity occurred over most of the entire state of California, with only the urban cores of the very large cities remaining VOC-limited across all seasons. Looking at the entire measurement period, days with baseline chamber O3 concentrations above 90 ppb had median O3 sensitivity that was NOx-limited, suggesting that a NOx emissions control strategy would be most effective at reducing these peak O3 concentrations. In contrast, days with O3 concentrations below 80 ppb had median O3 sensitivity that was VOC-limited, suggesting that an emissions control strategy focusing on NOx reduction would increase O3 concentrations. VOC controls on these intermediate days would be difficult, however, if biogenic VOCs account for the majority of the O3 formation. This challenging situation suggests that emissions control programs that focus on NOx reductions will immediately lower peak O3 concentrations, but slightly increase intermediate O3 concentrations until NOx levels fall far enough to re-enter the NOx-limited regime. The spatial pattern of increasing and decreasing O3 concentrations in response to a NOx emissions control strategy should be carefully mapped in order to fully understand the public health implications.
Comparison of computational and experimental saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene + O3 oxidation products
Authors: Hyttinen Noora , Pullinen Iida , Nissinen Aki , Schobesberger Siegfried , Virtanen Annele , Yli-Juuti Taina
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Accurate information on gas-to-particle partitioning is needed to model secondary organic aerosol formation. However, determining reliable saturation vapor pressures of atmospherically relevant multifunctional organic compounds is extremely difficult. We estimated saturation vapor pressures of α-pinene ozonolysis derived secondary organic aerosol constituents using FIGAERO-CIMS experiments and COSMO-RS theory. We found a good agreement between experimental and computational saturation vapor pressures for molecules with molar masses around 190 g mol−1 and higher, most within a factor of 3 comparing the average of the experimental vapor pressures and the COSMO-RS estimate of the isomer closest to the experiments. Smaller molecules likely have saturation vapor pressures that are too high to be measured using our experimental setup. The molecules with molar masses below 190 g mol−1 that have several orders of magnitude difference between the computational and experimental saturation vapor pressures observed in our experiments are likely products of thermal decomposition occurring during thermal desorption. For example, dehydration and decarboxylation reactions are able to explain some of the discrepancies between measured and calculated saturation vapor pressures. Based on our estimates, FIGAERO-CIMS can best be used to determine saturation vapor pressures of compounds with low and extremely low volatilities.
Virtual sounding of solar-wind effects on the AU and AL indices based on an echo state network model
Authors: Nakano Shin'ya , Kataoka Ryuho
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The properties of the auroral electrojets are examined on the basis of a trained machine learning model. The relationships between solar-wind parameters and the AU and AL indices are modeled with an echo state network (ESN), a kind of recurrent neural network. We can consider this trained ESN model to represent nonlinear effects of the solar-wind inputs on the auroral electrojets. To identify the properties of auroral electrojets, we obtain various synthetic AU and AL data by using various artificial inputs with the trained ESN. The analyses of various synthetic data show that the AU and AL indices are mainly controlled by the solar-wind speed in addition to Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) as suggested by the literature. The results also indicate that the solar-wind density effect is emphasized when solar-wind speed is high and when IMF Bz is near zero. This suggests some nonlinear effects of the solar-wind density.
Active and passive fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Hung Jia-Jang , Tung Ching-Han , Lin Zong-Ying , Chen Yuh-ling Lee , Peng Shao-Hung , Lin Yen-Huei , Tsai Li-Shan
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the measured active and passive fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their response to seasonal and
event-driven oceanographic changes in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The total vertical flux of carbon (TFC) is defined as the sum of active
and passive fluxes of biogenic carbon in the surface layer, which may be considered as the central part of marine carbon cycle. These active and
passive fluxes of N and P were also considered to understand stoichiometric flux patterns and the roles of nutrients involved in the TFC. The
magnitudes of total C, N, and P fluxes were, respectively, estimated to be 71.9–347 (mean ± SD,
163 ± 70) mgCm-2d-1, 13.0–30.5 (21.2.± 4.9) mgNm-2d-1, and 1.02–2.97
(1.94 ± 0.44) mgPm-2d-1, which were higher than most previously reported vertical fluxes in open oceans, likely because a
quarter of the fluxes was contributed from active fluxes that were unaccounted for in vertical fluxes previously. Moreover, the passive fluxes
dominated the total vertical fluxes and were estimated to be 65.3–255 (125 ± 64.9) mgCm-2d-1 (77 ± 52 % of
total C flux), 11.9–23.2 (17.6 ± 4.2) mgNm-2d-1 (83 ± 28 % of total N flux), and 0.89–1.98
(1.44 ± 0.33) mgPm-2d-1 (74 ± 24 % of total P flux). Vertical fluxes of dissolved organic C, N, and P
were small (< 5 %) relative to passive fluxes. The contrasting patterns of active and passive fluxes found between summer and winter could
mainly be attributed to surface warming and stratification in summer and cooling and wind-induced turbulence for pumping nutrients into the euphotic
zone in winter. In addition to seasonal variations, the impact of anticyclonic eddies and internal-wave events on enhancing active and passive
fluxes was apparent in the NSCS. Both active and passive fluxes were likely driven by nutrient availability within the euphotic zone, which was
ultimately controlled by the changes in internal and external forcings. The nutrient availability also determined the inventory of chlorophyll a
and new production, thereby allowing the estimates of active and passive fluxes for unmeasured events. To a first approximation, the South China Sea (SCS) may
effectively transfer 0.208 ± 0.089 Gt C yr−1 into the ocean's interior, accounting for approximately 1.89 ± 0.81 % of
the global C flux. The internal forcing and climatic conditions are likely critical factors in determining the seasonal and event-driven variability
of total vertical fluxes in the NSCS.
Climate history of the principality of Transylvania during the Maunder Minimum (MM) years (1645–1715 CE)
Authors: Stangl Martin , Foelsche Ulrich
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper deals with the climate in the former Grand Duchy of Transylvania, now one of the three major geographical provinces of Romania, within the so-called Maunder Minimum (MM) (1645–1715), an astrophysically defined part of the Little Ice Age (LIA), which was characterized by reduced solar activity. The historical data from Transylvania are compared with that from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. This comparison for the period 1645–1715 shows good agreement but also reveals geographic characteristics of the region. For the first time, we present here a comparison between the four geographic areas in text and tabular form. Quotes from mostly German-language sources are reproduced in English translation. Furthermore, we examine for a longer period (1500–1950) the extent to which the climate of Transylvania might have been affected by long-term fluctuations in solar activity, as deduced from isotopic reconstructions from ice cores. This comparison suggests a certain solar influence but the agreement is not very pronounced. Future investigation in a pan-European context is needed to reach reliable statements. Some results are unexpected – like an unusually small number of severe winters during the last decades of the MM, where extreme cold was restricted to a few years, like the extreme winters 1699/1700 and 1708/1709.
ProbFire: a probabilistic fire early warning system for Indonesia
Authors: Nikonovas Tadas , Spessa Allan C. , Doerr Stefan H. , Clay Gareth D. , Mezbahuddin Symon
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Recurrent extreme landscape fire episodes associated with drought events in Indonesia pose severe environmental, societal and economic threats. The ability to predict severe fire episodes months in advance would enable relevant agencies and communities more effectively initiate fire preventative measures and mitigate fire impacts. While dynamic seasonal climate predictions are increasingly skilful at predicting fire-favourable conditions months in advance in Indonesia, there is little evidence that such information is widely used yet by decision makers. In this study, we move beyond forecasting fire risk based on drought predictions at seasonal timescales, and (i) develop a probabilistic early fire warning system for Indonesia (ProbFire) based on multilayer perceptron model using ECMWF SEAS5 dynamic climate forecasts together with forest cover, peatland extent and active fire datasets that can be operated on a standard computer, (ii) benchmark the performance of this new system for the 2002–2019 period, and (iii) evaluate the potential economic benefit such integrated forecasts for Indonesia. ProbFire's event probability predictions outperformed climatology-only based fire predictions at three to five-month lead times in south Kalimantan, south Sumatra and south Papua. In central Sumatra, an improvement was observed only at one month lead time, while in west Kalimantan seasonal predictions did not offer any additional benefit over climatology only-based predictions. We (i) find that seasonal climate forecasts coupled with the fire probability prediction model confer substantial benefits to a wide range of stakeholders involved in fire management in Indonesia and (ii) provide a blueprint for future operational fire warning systems that integrate climate predictions with non-climate features.
GIS-models with fuzzy logic for Susceptibility Maps of debris flow using multiple types of parameters: A Case Study in Pinggu District of Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Chen Jianping , Wang Qing , Tan Chun , Li Yongchao , Sun Xiaohui , Li Yang
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Debris flow is one of the main causes of life loss and infrastructure damage in mountainous areas, so these hazards must be recognized in the early stage of land development planning. According to field investigation and expert experience, a scientific and effective quantitative susceptibility assessment model was established in Pinggu District of Beijing. This model is based on Geographic Information System (GIS), combining with grey relational method, data-driven and fuzzy logic methods. The inherent influence factors, which are divided into two categories, are selected in the model consistent with the system characteristics of debris flow gully and some new factors are proposed. The results of the 17 models are verified by the results published by the authority, and validated by the other two indexes as well as Area Under Curve (AUC). Through the comparison and analysis of the results, the method to optimize is proposed, including reasonable application of field investigation and expert experience, simplification of factors and scientific classification. Finally, the final optimal susceptibility map with full discussion has the potential to help in determining regional-scale land use planning and debris flow hazard mitigation for decision makers, with full use of insufficient data, scientific calculation, and reliable results. The model has advantages in economically backward areas with insufficient data in mountainous areas.
An Open Soil Structure Library based on X-ray CT data
Authors: Weller Ulrich , Albrecht Lukas , Schlüter Steffen , Vogel Hans-Jörg
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Soil structure in terms of the spatial arrangement of pores and solid is highly relevant for most physical, biochemical processes in soil. While this is known for long a scientific approach to quantify soil structural characteristics was also missing for long. This was due to its buried nature but also due to the three-dimensional complexity. During the last two decades, tools to acquire full 3D images of undisturbed soil became more and more available and a number of powerful software tools were developed to reduce the complexity to a set of meaningful numbers. However, the standardization of soil structure analysis for a better comparability of the results is not well developed and the accessibility of required computing facilities and software is still limited. At this stage we introduce an open access Soil Structure Library (https://structurelib.ufz.de/) which offers well-defined soil structure analyses for X-ray CT data sets uploaded by interested scientists. At the same time, the aim of this library is to serve as an open data source for real pore structures as developed in a wide spectrum of different soil types under different site conditions all over the globe. By combining pore structure metrics with essential soil information requested during upload (e.g. bulk density, texture, organic carbon content\\ldots), this Soil Structure Library can be harnessed towards data mining and development of soil structure based pedotransfer functions. In this paper we describe the architecture of the Soil Structure Library and the provided metrics. This is complemented by an example how the data base can be used to address new research questions.
Cluster solutions in networks of weakly coupled oscillators on a 2D square torus
Authors: Culp Jordan Michael
Published: September 2021

We consider a model for an N × N lattice network of weakly coupled neural oscilla- tors with periodic boundary conditions (2D square torus), where the coupling between neurons is assumed to be within a von Neumann neighborhood of size r, denoted as von Neumann r-neighborhood. Using the phase model reduction technique, we study the existence of cluster solutions with constant phase differences (Ψh, Ψv) between adjacent oscillators along the horizontal and vertical directions in our network, where Ψh and Ψv are not necessarily to be identical. Applying the Kronecker production representation and the circulant matrix theory, we develop a novel approach to analyze the stability of cluster solutions with constant phase difference (i.e., Ψh,Ψv are equal). We begin our analysis by deriving the precise conditions for stability of such cluster solutions with von Neumann 1-neighborhood and 2 neighborhood couplings, and then we generalize our result to von Neumann r-neighborhood coupling for arbitrary neighborhood size r ≥ 1. This developed approach for the stability analysis indeed can be extended to an arbitrary coupling in our network. Finally, numerical simulations are used to validate the above analytical results for various values of N and r by considering an inhibitory network of Morris-Lecar neurons.
WHAT’S ‘UP NEXT’? INVESTIGATING ALGORITHMIC RECOMMENDATIONS ON YOUTUBE
ACROSS ISSUES AND OVER TIME
Authors: Matamoros-Fernandez Ariadna , Gray Joanne Elizabeth , Bartolo Louisa , Burgess Jean , Suzor Nicolas
Published: September 2021

YouTube’s ‘up next’ feature algorithmically suggests videos to watch
after a video that is currently playing. This feature has been criticised for limiting
users’ exposure to diverse media content and information sources; meanwhile, YouTube has
reported that they have implemented technical and policy changes to address these concerns.
Yet, there is limited data to support either the existing concerns or YouTube’s claims.
Drawing on the concept of platform observability, this paper combines computational and
qualitative methods to investigate the types of content YouTube’s ‘up next’ feature
amplifies over time, using three search terms associated with sociocultural issues where
concerns have been raised about YouTube’s role: ‘coronavirus’, ‘feminism’ and ‘beauty’. Over
six weeks, we collected the videos (and their metadata) that were highly ranked in the
search results for each keyword, as well as the top-ranked recommendations associated with
each video, repeating the exercise for three steps in the recommendation chain. We then
examined patterns in the recommended videos (and channels) for each query and their
variation over time. We found evidence of YouTube's stated efforts to boost ‘authoritative’
media outlets, but at the same time, misleading and controversial content continues to be
recommended. We also found that while algorithmic recommendations offer diversity in videos
over time, there are clear ‘winners’ at the channel level that are given a visibility boost
in YouTube’s 'up next' feature. These impacts were attenuated differently depending on the
nature of the search topic.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSOR DE BIOLOGIA E A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL CRÍTICA: PERSPECTIVAS INVESTIGADAS EM TRABALHOS DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO
Authors: Lemke Camila Salgado , Behling Greici Maia , Carlan Francele de Abreu
Published: September 2021

Este estudo buscou compreender as constatações sobre as temáticas “Educação Ambiental” e “Formação de Professores”, obtidas por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva dos quatorze resumos de Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de egressos do curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Emergiram desse fenômeno duas categorias denominadas “Problematizando a formação docente em Ciências Biológicas” e “Aportes de uma EA Crítica na formação de professores de Ciências Biológicas”. Perante as análises realizadas, notou-se fragilidade na formação crítica e transversal dos docentes. Logo, a EA crítica deve ser uma estratégia para a superação desses obstáculos, tendo em vista a sua importância na tomada de decisões sobre aspectos ambientais e sociais indissociáveis.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação de Professores. Educação Ambiental Formal. Análise Textual Discursiva. Ciências Biológicas.
BETWEEN BULLYING AND OTHER VIOLENCES: EXPLORING THE SCHOOL EXPERIENCES OF IMMIGRANT AND REFUGEE CHILDREN AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN DUQUE DE CAXIAS (RJ)
Authors: Langfeldt Camila Caldeira , Ursin Marit
Published: September 2021

This article explores the main challenges faced by a small group of children from Angola and from the Democratic Republic of Congo in two elementary schools in Duque de Caxias, a municipality part of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. The article draws from a qualitative multi-method study conducted with children and community members. The empirical material shows that most of the Angolan and Congolese participants of this study suffer different types of peer harassment in school, as bullying and peer coercion. Moreover, the participants experience a triple kind of discrimination in school, first because they are black, second because they are outsiders, and third because they have an African background.
KEYWORDS: Child Research. Formal Education. Refugee and Immigrant Children. Refugee Education.
ENCONTROS, TENSÕES E NEGOCIAÇÕES: PROCESSO ESCOLAR ENTRE IMIGRANTES E DESCENDENTES NO ‘PRATA’ (NOVA PRATA/RS, 1898 – 1929)
Authors: Luchese Terciane Ângela , Pagnoncelli Sonia Prigol
Published: September 2021

Analisar o processo escolar que emergiu do encontro entre distintos grupos de imigrantes, no qual negociações e tensões geradas pelas diferenças estiveram presentes, bem como mapear as iniciativas públicas, privadas e confessionais, que permitiram que o nascente município contasse com escolas, é o objetivo do artigo. O recorte temporal da análise abrange o período da colonização, 1898, e se estende até 1929, quando, cinco anos após a emancipação do município do Prata, foi instituído o Grupo Escolar do Prata. A análise documental histórica mobilizou relatórios da intendência, fotografias, jornais, Livro de Tombo e correspondências. O referencial teórico foi auferido na História Cultural e História da Educação. As iniciativas escolares e o encontro de diferentes grupos no espaço de convivência, a sala de aula, produziram negociações, tensões e demandas aos professores. 
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Etnias. Imigrantes. Escolas. Diversidade Cultural.
Crónica de una pandemia: confinamiento en Castelló de la Plana, España
Authors: Adanero Reis Lloría
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación comenzada a raíz de la declaración del estado de alarma en España (Real Decreto [RD] No. 463/2020, de 14 de marzo) después que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declarase la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) como pandemia el día 11 de marzo de 2020. Este decreto limitaba la libre circulación de las personas, así como el derecho de reunión, tanto en lugares públicos como privados, además de imponer la obligatoriedad de mantener una distancia de seguridad entre los individuos y la limitación del aforo en aquellos establecimientos que permanecían abiertos, entre otras medidas. Todo ello supuso un cambioen las rutinas diarias, pero también en el paisaje urbano, y despertó mi interés sobre la aceptación del estado de alarma y sus consecuencias. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, realicé cuatro entrevistas grupales (adolescentes, adultos jóvenes, mujeres y adultos, residentes en sumayoría en Castelló de la Plana, España) durante las semanas tercera ycuarta de confinamiento.