bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Types, Causes and Complication Rates of Surgical Site Infection Post Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Bukhsh Ayman , Azhar Nedaa , Bazaid Albaraa , Khafaji Rami , Alqahtani Shaima , AlQahtani Habnan , Alrasheedi Naif , Almarzouq Adeeb , Alsaggaf Rayan , Alshehri Waad , Alhazimi Mohammad
Published: September 2022

Surgical site infection is a common post-operative complication that is encountered by surgeons and is associated with notable morbidity and mortality. Oral cavity due to the presence of bacteria is more prone to infection and diseases. Even performance under complete sterilization cannot prevent the infection in oral surgeries and the prevalence of infection rate accounts to approximately 10%-15%. Post-operatively oral and maxillofacial surgeries have increased chances of infection due to bacterial load and access to incision site during healing time. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the types, causes and complication rates of surgical site infection post maxillofacial surgery. Various procedure and patient related factors in oral and maxillofacial surgery contribute to surgical site infections. Procedure's duration and invasiveness as well as bone equipment, biomaterial use, surgical technique, and sterilization practices are some of determinants of surgical site infection. Cellulitis, abscess, maxillary sinusitis, and osteomyelitis are all common postoperative infections. Surgical site infections often result in requirement of additional treatment procedures, prolongs the hospital stay and also negatively affects health of the patient. Efficient interventions by the oral and maxillofacial surgery teams can play a vital role in prevention of such infections. Although surgical site infection is an area of concern for oral and maxillofacial surgeons’ literature on this aspect is quite scarce and very limited studies are available. In future, more clinical and comprehensive research can be beneficial.
Dental Neglect and Its Connection to Recognize Child Abuse
Authors: Aljohani Hanan , Alsharif Ahmed , AlGhamdi Alaa , Alfarsi Ghaida , Binthabit Haifa , Almanasif Miral , Aldahian Noha , Alnasser Noor , Aljumaydi Amjad , Hanafi Abdullah , Bokhedher Mayaseem
Published: September 2022

Child abuse refers to all forms of emotional and physical abuse, sexual abuse, negligence, and exploitation that cause or threaten harm to child's health, development, or dignity while dental neglect is defined as failure of parents or guardians to access or follow the oral treatment required for adequate functioning and relief from pain. Dentists are very critical in recognition of child abuse due to presence of most of the abusive injuries in the oral and craniofacial region also the compromised oral health of children is a sign of neglect. However, the reporting rate of dentists for child abuse and neglect is quite low due to their various concerns in practice. The aim of this research is to review the available information about dental neglect and its connection to child abuse. The dental profession has widely accepted its role in diagnosing and resolving aspects of child abuse in the last two decades. However, there is a written but underdeveloped link between poor dental health and child abuse also there is a gap between dentist perceptions of child abuse and self-esteem and their ability to detect and disclose concerns about child protection. In order to protect children and their families from the vicious cycle of violence in today's time, dentists must evaluate, record, and report the suspected cases also awareness campaigns and seminars for general public regarding child abuse and dental neglect are needed. Specialized training programs for reporting child abuse and dental neglect for dentists should be held regularly to promote better protection for children.
Radiological Characteristics, Imaging Techniques and Staging of Lung Cancer
Authors: Kaabi Samarra , Buarish Sadaf , Alqufayli Shuayl , Mansour Hebah , Aljammaz Khalid , Alharthi Abdulaziz , Alkhudari Anas , Albariqi Abdullah , Buhaliqah Ali , Alogla Saleh , Altukruni Egbal
Published: September 2022

Lung cancer is among the most common cancers worldwide accounting to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients suspected of having lung cancer undergo various diagnostic procedures. Chest X-ray, positron emission tomography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used for the diagnosis although combination of computed tomography and positron emission tomography are considered to be more effective and reliable imaging techniques. Lung cancer staging framework provides with better information of the disease and guides in planning treatment modalities. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the radiological characteristics, imaging techniques and staging of lung cancer. The lung staging has three salient characteristics, tumour, node and metastasis also staging play a critical role in diagnosis and treatment plan. Combination of computed tomography and positron emission tomography undoubtedly improve the mediastinum nodal stage and reduce the number of ineffective interventions thus considered the most productive imaging method. Complete staging should be performed along with the computed tomography in lung cancer patients as a considerable volume growth, a measure of malignancy, has been demonstrated to positively connect with a minimum diameter rise over time. Quality treatment depends on the accurate staging among lung cancer patients. The significance of radiological characteristics, staging and imaging techniques of lung cancer is highlighted in literature through various studies and research although more clinical trials in future can be beneficial.
Classification of Post-Mortem Changes and Factors Affecting It
Authors: Emam Abdulaziz , Mujalid Hani , Altamimi Noora , Faraj Weaam , Almutairi Meshari , Alresheedi Zayed , Ergsous Rinad , Qadah Abdulrahman , Al Modahka Nourah , Alkhamis Haya , Alassir Abdullah
Published: September 2022

An autopsy is not simply the patient's last medical intervention but in addition to determining the cause of death, it also provides information about the deceased patient's underlying health. The natural process of the body's breakdown following death, starting at the cellular level, is known as post-mortem change. Complex cellular and biochemical phenomena are involved in the process. The changes that begin right away after death continue for a considerable amount of time at various rates for various organs. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors have an impact on the beginning and severity of these changes. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about classification of post-mortem changes and factors affecting it. Post-mortem changes are further divided into three classes, Immediate changes, early changes and late changes. After cardiac and respiratory failure, early post-mortem changes including rigor mortis and post-mortem lividity occur. However, tissue metabolism continues for a few hours after death. Supravital reactions, time-dependent post-mortem lividity, and rigor mortis criteria are used to estimate the time since death. Estimating the post-mortem interval or time since death, is one of the main aims of the forensic autopsy, requires an understanding of post-mortem changes. Many exogenous and endogenous factors can lead to degradation. Animal predation, the environment, and mechanical injury are extrinsic causes, whereas autolysis, putrefaction, and decay are endogenous factors. However, despite the importance of post-mortem findings the literature available is very limited more research in future can be a significant contributor.
Pragnienia miejsc (initial habitats of inner spaces)
Authors: Zielińska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Artykuł to próba zobrazowania istoty wpływu kilku najważniejszych czynników na tożsamość miejsca poprzez pryzmat przywołania konkretnych przestrzeni. Najistotniejsze przywołane składowe to czas, miejsce, krajobraz, pamięć, dźwięk – wzajemne ich współistnienie tworzy w naszym pojmowaniu obraz, który mimo naszego stałego wyobrażenia o nim nieustannie zmienia się in situ. Rozważania podjęte w treści artykułu odnoszą się zarówno do pojęcia tożsamości niezwiązanej z miejscem, jak również do kilku wybranych miejsc w Polsce południowo-wschodniej.
Forma podąża za funkcjami – badanie empiryczne weryfikujące koncepcję czterech funkcji produktów wywodzącą się z teorii języka produktu Jochena Grosa
Authors: Ludwiczak Beata
Published: September 2022

Pod koniec XX wieku okazało się, że zasada funkcjonalizmu nie jest wystarczająca jako podejście do projektowania i nie opisuje wszystkich relacji użytkowników do przedmiotów, jakie ci posiadają. Od lat 60. zaczęły powstawać nowe koncepcje, które pozwalały lepiej zrozumieć wzornictwo jako dyscyplinę twórczą odgrywającą coraz większą rolę we współczesnym świecie, a także postawy i decyzje zarówno grup tworzących „zaprojektowany świat” – projektantów czy producentów, jak i korzystających z efektów ich działań – konsumentów, użytkowników itd.
Jedną z interesujących koncepcji jest teoria języka produktu Jochena Grosa. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje eksperyment badawczy weryfikujący koncepcję czterech funkcji produktów wywodzącą się z teorii języka produktu, przeprowadzony podczas kursu magisterskiego dla studentów wzornictwa w Akademii Sztuk Pięknych im. E. Gepperta we Wrocławiu. Tekst składa się z dwóch części – wstępu stanowiącego przegląd literatury oraz raportu z badania empirycznego.
Na granicy z codziennością. Motyw okna w epidemii koronawirusa
Authors: Bednarz Kamila
Published: September 2022

W czasie kwarantanny narodowej i izolacji, znamiennej dla epidemii koronawirusa, okno stało się jedynym bezpośrednim łącznikiem między zamkniętymi w domach ludźmi a światem zewnętrznym. Motyw ten chętnie podejmowany, by wyrazić tęsknotę za utraconą codziennością, stał się także formą wymiany doświadczeń dla nowej wspólnoty dotkniętej kryzysem. Analiza akcji „Narysuj swoje okno” zainicjowanej przez Gabrielle Thierry pokazuje istotę sztuki w czasach kryzysu, jej wartość terapeutyczną oraz możliwości wyrażania przeżyć. Powstałe w tym okresie prace traktują motyw okna w różnorodny sposób, ukazują mnogość emocji oraz strategii radzenia sobie z kryzysem. Okno niekiedy jawi się jako „granica nie do przejścia”, a czasem wręcz nie zauważamy jej obecności. Wszystkie te prace łączy jednak wyczuwalna samotność.
Formy Pośrednie
Authors: Rajewska Martyna
Published: September 2022

Artykuł skupia się na zagadnieniu funkcjonalności w architekturze, analizuje je gradialnie, od najbliższej, najmniejszej do najbardziej pojemnej skali. Nasz pokój, nasz dom, nasze przestrzenie publiczne, nasze miasto, ale czy od zawsze były nasze, czy wcześniej nie należały do innych pokoleń, innych kontekstów, innego czasu? Co uchroniło te przestrzenie przed odejściem, przed zapomnieniem i ostatecznym zniszczeniem.
Formy Pośrednie to architektoniczne rozważania na temat czasów pomiędzy, czasów, które okupują teraźniejszość, to swoiste łączniki pomiędzy tym, co było, a tym, co dopiero nastąpi. W swojej proweniencji stworzone jako precyzyjna odpowiedź na potrzeby przeszłości. Potrzeby, które wraz z upływem czasu zostały zachwiane lub rozbudowane. To relikty przeszłości, o których jakości świadczy ich umiejętność afordancji.
To architektura nie tylko funkcjonalna.
To wnętrza nie tylko statyczne.
To formy ewoluujące.
To wszystko to, co wyrosło ponad potrzebę.
Interdyscyplinarność sztuk projektowych
Authors: Gibała-Kapecka Beata
Published: September 2022

Tekst podejmuje problem interdyscyplinarności mody, architektury, wystawiennictwa, działań z pogranicza teatru czy multimediów, wskazując na wielopłaszczyznowe związki mody i szeroko pojętej sztuki, pokazuje, że projektowanie ubioru jest sztuką wielomedialną.
HISTORY OF EDUCATION REFORMS IN SPAIN
Authors:   Faculdad de Educacion y Psicologia, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain, Fernández Espinosa Verónica
Published: September 2022

This work provides a succinct historical overview of the history of the Spanish education system from 1812, date of the first Spanish Constitution, until 1970 at the end of the Francoist era in Spain, highlighting the legislative milestones and contextualising them within the larger political landscape in which they took place. The paper will go on to describe the basic legislation which has regulated the Spanish education system since 1970 describing some of their most significant aspects, from the General Education Law (LGE) of 1970 to the Organic Law Modifying the Organic Law for Education (LOMLOE) which came into force in 2020.
Drug use monitoring in Australia: Drug use among police detainees, 2018
Authors: Voce Alexandra , Sullivan Tom
Published: September 2022

Established in 1999, the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program is funded by the Australian Government and is the nation’s longest-running ongoing survey of police detainees across the country. DUMA comprises two core components: a self-report survey on drug use, criminal justice history and demographic information; and voluntary urinalysis, which provides an objective measure for corroborating reported recent drug use. This report describes drug use, drug market participation and the extent to which detainees’ alleged offences were related to drug or alcohol use. Data were collected between January and December 2018 at five sites: Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, Bankstown and Surry Hills. Since police detainees are more likely than the general population to have been in recent contact with the illicit drug market, understanding their drug use and offending habits is valuable in the formulation of policy and programs.
Domestic violence offenders, prior offending and reoffending in Australia
Authors: Hulme Shann , Morgan Anthony
Published: September 2022

Developing effective strategies to reduce domestic violence offending requires an understanding of perpetrator characteristics, offending patterns and recidivism.This study consolidates the Australian evidence base through a systematic review of 39 quantitative studies that examined domestic violence offending and reoffending. Despite the wide range of data sources, samples and measures of violence, findings are remarkably consistent across studies. The findings further reinforce the importance of targeting male perpetrated violence, and reducing violence in Indigenous communities. Alcohol featured in a significant proportion of domestic violence incidents. Finally, the study demonstrates the importance of reducing repeat offending, particularly among prolific offenders, to reduce overall rates of violence.
Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: An Overview
Authors:   Qomix, Bucharest, Romania, Ursu Eugen
Published: September 2022

Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC) is an important histological type of gastric cancer. Its biological and clinical particularities distinguish it from other gastric cancers in ways that require tailored clinical management and decision-making. This short review provides an overview of what is known about this prevalent clinical entity, highlights recent developments in the research surrounding GSRCC, and covers microbiome, immunology, computational pathology, and clinical research findings.
Real-World Single-Center Clinical Data on Sorafenib in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors:   Clinical Department of Gastroenterology, Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania, Ghenea Cătălin Ștefan , Dumitrescu Ștefania ,   Department of Oncology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Negoiță Livia Marieta ,   Clinical Department of Gastroenterology, Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania, Mihăilă Mariana ,   Center of Internal Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Albu Livia Carmen ,   Center of Internal Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Constantinescu Gabriel ,   Clinical Department of Gastroenterology, Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania, 4University of Medicine
Published: September 2022

"Introduction. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that frequently develops in conjunction with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and is often identified late in its course, with a median survival of around 6 to 20 months following diagnosis. Although surgical excision is the gold standard of treatment, most patients are ineligible due to tumor size or underlying liver dis-ease. The hepatic reserve of the patient, as determined by the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification, frequently influences treatment options. Method. Between January 2016 and June 2018, 42 patients admitted to Fundeni Clinical Institute's Department of Medical Oncology who had previously been treated with Sorafenib for more than two months were recruited in this retrospective analysis. We evaluated the etiology and stage of illness (BCLC), residual liver function (CHILD), performance status (ECOG), treatment response and side effects, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results. The study group had good short and long-term outcomes: median progression-free survival was 7.7 months and median overall survival was 11.6 months. The most frequently reported adverse effects were skin rashes, diarrhea, hypertension, and hand-foot skin reaction. Conclusion. This retrospective, single-center study confirmed the benefit of sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC, particularly in patients with good liver function and performance status. Method. Between January 2016 and June 2018, 42 patients admitted to Fundeni Clinical Insti-tute's Department of Medical Oncology who had previously been treated with Sorafenib for more than two months were recruited in this retrospective analysis. We evaluated the etiology and stage of illness (BCLC), residual liver function (CHILD), performance status (ECOG), treatment response and side effects, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Results. The study group had good short and long-term outcomes: median progression-free survival was 7.7 months and median overall survival was 11.6 months. The most frequently-re-ported adverse effects were skin rashes, diarrhea, hypertension, and hand-foot skin reaction. Conclusion. This retrospective, single-center study confirmed the benefit of sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC, particularly in patients with good liver function and performance sta-tus"
"The Medical Physicist and Cancer Care: Transcending Your Comfort Zone"
Authors:   Mvision AI Oy, Helsinki, Finland, Chirilă Monica-Emilia
Published: September 2022

"Professor M. Saiful Huq is an esteemed Medical Physi-cist, Past-President of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), Professor of Radiation Oncology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pen-nsylvania, USA and the Director of Medical Physics Division for the UPMC CancerCenter. Dr. Huq is responsible for the development of scientific activities of a large group of physicists and management of clinical medical physics operations of 21 cancer centers in western Pennsylvania, USA. He has served as an expert on many International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) initiatives, developing various documents (example, author of IAEA TRS398 CoP, author of IAEA/AAPM CoP on small field do-simetry, Member of the IAEA research project ""Testing the recommendations of the IAEA AAPM Code of Practice for the Dosimetry of Static Small Photon Fields"" ) which provide guidance to the worldwide radiotherapy community regarding various aspects of cancer therapy using external beam radiation. "
The Hen Harrier's Year
Authors: Carter Ian , Powell Dan
Published: September 2022

Most British birds of prey have largely recovered from historical persecution, but the beleaguered Hen Harrier is still struggling and remains far less common than it should be. This is a particular shame, because it is one of our most inspiring raptors. Spectacular sky-dancing displays and balletic food passes from male to female brighten up the moors in summer. And in winter, communal roosts in the lowlands attract birders from far and wide to catch sight of this now-elusive species. This book follows the Hen Harrier over a year: from rearing young hidden away in dense heather, to the fight for survival in the harshest months of winter. Interspersed among the monthly accounts are chapters on the history and status of this iconic bird, as well as an overview of one of the most intractable conflicts in modern conservation: the Hen Harrier’s liking for grouse moors (and the grouse that are raised there) wins it few friends among shooters, and ongoing persecution continues to hamper its recovery. There are tentative signs of progress, but its fate as a breeding bird in England hangs in the balance. Evocative illustrations, in part based on privileged access to the handful of breeding birds that remain on England’s moors, showcase the Hen Harrier’s exploits through the seasons. These will delight admirers of this species and hopefully foster a greater interest in its wellbeing. The Hen Harrier needs all the help it can get.
The International Contribution to the Study of Jacopone da Todi
Authors: Peri Claudio , Halpin Andrew
Published: September 2022

This article lists 113 bibliographic references from the last 110 years, of books and other critical works on Jacopone da Todi, published in languages other than Italian and/or in countries other than Italy. This research is part of a larger project to create an international database of all publications concerning Jacopone. The specific purpose of the article is to revisit and update comments made by Louise Katainen in 1996, asserting that Italian scholars had neglected contributions in English on Jacopone and that this had resulted in an “impoverished understanding” of the great poet and mystic of Todi.
Dentist Knowledge and Behavior on use of Smart Phones in Clinical Environment and their association with Cross Infections
Authors: Mehmood Khizer , Batool Alia , Imtiaz Muhammad , Hanook Sharoon , Shahzad Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Qasim
Published: September 2022

Background: The use of smart phones inside hospitals especially in clinically sensitive areas is a subject of debate because it may improve the quality of healthcare but can also be a vehicle of hospital acquired infections. Aim: To determine dentist’s knowledge and behavior related to the use of smart phones in clinical environment and to determine the presence of microbial growth on these devices. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which validated survey tool was used to collect data about knowledge and behavior of 397 dental graduates from 8 dental colleges of Pakistan, regarding their usage of smart phones in clinical environment. Bacterial isolates were collected from the smart phones of 45 participants from Fatima Memorial Dental Hospital, Lahore. Results: The SPTC Scale was used to divide the participants into 3 categories; low, moderate and high users. The behavior related to smart phone usage in clinical environment was significantly different among the participants. Moderate users had significantly higher average behavior score of 3.7 (p-value = 0.034). The growth of pathogenic bacterial flora was greater on high users of smart phones (95%,) whereas those participants who were low users the percentage was 37%. Conclusion: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are increasing significantly in number of patients and these can be prevented by adhering to proper hand hygiene practices and if hand hygiene is improved the amount of bacterial load will be less and disinfection of smart phone devices will not be required. Keywords: Smartphone; Dental Clinics; Smartphone time consumption scale (SPTC); cross infection; Hand washing
Role of Serum Triglycerides in Development and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Zaidi Imran Ali , Sajid Haleema , Niaz Sobia , Doggar Shamaila , Malik Farouk Qamar , Hafeez Sana
Published: September 2022

Background: Hypercoagulation is hallmark complication of Diabetes mellitus where increased coagulability of blood manifests in the form of more clot formation. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a longstanding metabolic abnormality indicated by elevated sugar values in blood and insulin resistance. Aim: To evaluate role and association of serum triglycerides levels in onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. Materials: 120 patients are included in our study and cases are managed into 02 groups(60 patients each group). A Group: included diabetic cases without nephropathy B Group: included 60 diabetes patients with nephropathy The study data was then analyzed by software SPSS 21 number version. The Probability (P statistical Value) value of < 0.05 was decided as convincing number statistically. Results. The serum triglycerides levels were 159± 13 in A group and 210± 13 in the B group. The unpaired(independent) samples T- statistical test was utilized Using a two-tailed 0.05 criterion, the test showed remarkable difference between the two groups statistically (p value was < 0.05) in relation to serum triglycerides. Based on the inferences of the unpaired (independent sample) t- statistical test (p value was less than 0.05), we repudiated the null statistical hypothesis. Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia plays significant part in onset, development and progression of nephro-pathy in diabetic patients. Keywords: Hypertriglyceridemia, Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetes Mellitus
Maternal Hemoglobin and Its Relationship With fetal birth weight
Authors: Asaf Momina , Ilyas Muhammad Khurram , Qasim Tooba , Irfan Shazia , Shoaib Amer , Chachar Aijaz Zeeshan Khan
Published: September 2022

Background: The needs of iron for mother and fetus considerably increase during pregnancy. Its deficiency can be harmful to the mother’s health and the fetal in terms of birth weight. Aim: To examine the relationship between hemoglobin level and fetal birth weight. Methods: This was an observational study, conducted in Govt. Hospital Samanabad, Lahore between April 2021 and April 2022. A total of 106 pregnant women through non probability convenience sampling were recruited in our study. The patients were divided into two groups according to low and normal hemoglobin level. The hemoglobin<11 g/dl was considered low and the hemoglobin ≥11 g/dl was considered normal. Variables like age, Gravida, gestational age at the time of deliveryand fetal birth weight were recorded. The hemoglobin during first trimester of pregnancy was also recorded from medical records of patients. Results: The prevalence of low hemoglobin in our study population was73.6%. The mean age of the women was 25.09±4.74years. The average gestational age at the time of delivery was 271.15±5.61 days. The participants with primigravida were in majority 54.7% as compared to the multigravida 45.3%. Pregnant females with the low Hb level were more likely to have a baby with the birth weight of less than 2500 grams. Hence there was a strong association between birth weight and Hb level (p-value= 0.038). Hemoglobin level was positively correlatedwith the fetal birth weight(r= 0.631, p-value=0.0001). Conclusion: Maternal hemoglobin should be paid more attention even from the first trimester of the pregnancy in order to avoidhigher risk oflow birth weight fetal. Keywords: Fetal birth weight, Hemoglobin, Pregnancy, Anemia, Gravida
Efficacy of Methotrexate Treatment, Nonsurgical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy (EP)
Authors: Bibi Humaira , Akhter Shamim , Nasir Saba , Sadia Bushra
Published: September 2022

Background: Methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancies is not only effective but also safe and saves fallopian tube without major side effects related to surgery. Aim: To determine the efficacy of Methotrexate for treatment of women with EP. Study design and period: retrospective observational study 1 years from July 2021 till July 2022. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Abha Maternity and Children hospital, Aseer Region Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, in which 52 women with EP were included and were given injection methotrexate 50 mg/m2 intramuscularly. The β-hCG level was measured before treatment and then on 7th day of treatment. If β-hCG was reduced by >15% of pre-treatment levels on day 7 then it was called as successful treatment. Results: The overall success rate of this regimen was 73% of patients, including 6% of those who required second dose. 27% of patients underwent surgery and were designated as treatment failures. The mean β-hCG level before treatment was significantly lower in the treatment success group than in the treatment failure group (1491.79 ± 1094.69 vs 2701.50 ± 1417.28 IU/L, p= 0.0381). Sac size was considered statistically increased in the treatment failure group, ie, 3.75 ± 0.29 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of our study, it can be stated that methotrexate treatment is very effective in the treatment of patients with ectopic pregnancy and can be recommended as a first-line treatment in patients with a low initial β-hCG level and a small ectopic pregnancy sac size. Keywords: ectopic pregnancy; methotrexate; operative laparoscopy; β-hCG; sac size
Comparative Study of Captopril Gel Assisted Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization Versus Xylocaine Gel in Preventing Recurrence of Urethral Stricture Following Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy
Authors: Haq Irfan Ul , Islam Shams Ul , Khan Muhammad Safdar , Imtiaz Sarmad , Asif Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Background: Direct vision internal Urethrotomy (DVIU) is normally performed technique for the dealing with urethral strictures. Clean discontinuous self-catheterization (CISC) is performed to defeat repeat after DVIU alongside a few antifibrotic specialists to defer the fibrotic procedure. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of captopril gel assisted clean intermittent self-catheterization versus xylocaine gel in preventing recurrence of urethral stricture following direct vision internal urethrotomy. Setting: 84 patients were incorporated into this randomized controlled preliminary at Department of urology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore for a half year. Methods: Patients were haphazardly separated into two gatherings, each gathering containing 42 patients as Group A (CISC with xylocaine gel) and Group B (CISC with xylocaine gel + captopril gel). All patients experienced direct visual inside urethrotomy (DVIU). Following DVIU, the patients performed clean irregular self-catheterization (CISC) according to convention of gathering An and B with 16 french nelaton catheter. The routine was decreased over a 3 months' time frame. Tolerant were for repeat of stricture toward the finish of first, second and third months. Results: Mean length of urethral stricture in Group A was 1.27+ 0.12 and 1. + 0.73 in Group B. Group B had higher success rate in preventing recurrence of urethral stricture with 73.8% patient did not have precedence of stricture as compared to Group A where 42.9% patient had no recurrence. (p value 0.004). Conclusion: Captopril gel assisted clean intermittent self-catheterization is superior to xylocaine gel alone in avoiding recurrence of urethral stricture following direct vision internal Urethrotomy. Keywords: Urethral stricture, clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC), Direct Visual internal Urethrotomy (DVIU)
Book Review of “Outcome-Based Experiential Learning”
Authors: Arney Noah
Published: September 2022

This review examines Carolyn Hoessler and Lorraine Godden's Outcome-Based Experiential Learning: Lets Talk About, Design For, and Inform Teaching, Learning, and Career Development. Their work is a practical guide for post-secondary experiential learning and work-integrated learning academics, professionals, and practitioners to design or improve programs using outcome-based learning. Hoessler & Godden's OBEL framework they propose for programs is also used to structure the book, a task which it mostly succeeds at. The review evaluates the authors' effectiveness in proposing the framework and process for developing an outcome-based experiential learning program.
Career Mentoring Surgical Trainees in a Competitive Marketplace
Authors: Cote David , Hamour Amr
Published: September 2022

Resident trainees in Canadian Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS) programs have cited job prospects as the biggest stressor they face. Increased numbers of residency training positions combined with decreased employment opportunities have worsened competition for surgical positions. The purpose of this inquiry was to explore gaps in resident career planning and examine how leadership can prepare graduating residents to optimize employability.
This mixed-methods prospective study was completed in two phases. A combination of online surveys and two focus group sessions were used to gather information from academic and clinical staff surgeons, resident trainees, and administrative leadership.
Eleven of the potential 12 resident participants responded to the initial survey, seven of the 13 staff surgeons, and one administrative leader. Each of the resident and staff focus groups had five participants. This comprehensive inquiry led to the development of a conceptual framework describing domains of concern important to OHNS residents. Themes included lack of career mentoring, complex systemic limitations, inadequacy of exposure to community-based surgical practice, and a potentially stifling organizational culture.
OHNS residents face significant stress regarding potential employability following residency. Solutions to address concerns must be collaborative in nature and begin with the existing leadership structure.
MİLLİYETÇİ BİR SİYASİ YAYIN ORGANI OLARAK DEVLET GAZETESİ: SÖYLEMLER VE AKTÖRLER (1969-1978)
Authors: VAROL Şafak
Published: September 2022

Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarından itibaren yayıncılık faaliyetleri ön planda olmuş, farklı alanlardaki kuramların topluma aktarılması çoğunlukla bu vesileyle sağlanmışsa da, daha ziyade bir siyasi propaganda aracı olarak etkinliğini sürdürmüştür. Nitekim bu çalışmada incelenecek olan Devlet gazetesi de milliyetçi görüşe mensup bir yayın organı olarak 1969-1978 yılları arasında faaliyette bulunmuş ve önemli derecede işlev sahibi olmuştur. Gazetenin yayınlandığı, belirtilen zaman aralığı Türk siyasi hayatında önemli olayların yaşandığı bir süreci kapsaması bakımından önemli görülmesinin yanında, siyasi fikir ayrılıklarının ve ideolojik kutuplaşmanın hat safhada olduğu bir dönemi ifade etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Devlet gazetesi özelinde, Türk siyasetinde cereyan eden olay ve olgulara bakış açısı, savunulan fikirlerin sunuluşu ve milliyetçi bakış açısıyla öne çıkarı-lan temaların ne olduğu gibi sorulara verilen cevaplar, dönemin Türk milliyetçiliği anlayışı, fikri alt yapısı ve politikasını göstermesi bakımından oldukça kıymete değerdir. Çalışmamızda söz konusu gazetenin 7 Nisan 1969-6 Mart 1978 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan 435 sayısı bu bağlamda genel hatlarıyla incelenecek ve değerlendirilecektir.
Lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetic patients
Authors: Samad Saqib , Fida Najma , Majeed Shameela , Mehmood Asma , Gul Afshan , Iqbal Sajid
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To evaluate and compare blood glucose levels and lipid profile in diabetic vs healthy adults. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to April 2021. The study samples were collected from Northwest General Hospital Peshawar. Sixty patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and an equal number of control subjects were included in this study. After the recruitment of subjects according to the inclusion criteria, subjects were divided into two cohorts; Patients with Diabetes (Group I N=60) and a Non-Diabetic Control Group (Control group N=60). Blood from the subjects was checked for glucose levels and lipid profile. Blood was taken and analysed at the Hospital Lab via Cobas 6000 analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26.0 for MacBook Pro. T test was applied to the data and p value was kept at 0.05 for significance. Results: Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS) rise was statistically significant (p=0.03) with a mean and standard deviation (SD) of 161.21±46.31* for Group I and 79.29±18.56 for Group II with a Mean Difference (MD) of 81.92.
Biosynthesis of gallic acid and tannase from Dacryodes edulis (African Pear) seeds using Aspergillus niger SCSGAF0145 by submerged fermentation
Authors: OLALEYE OLUREMI N.  , OMOTAYO MUTIAT A.  , AVUNGBETO MARY O.  , AJAYI OLUWAKEMI I.  , ADEBIYI BUSAYO O.
Published: September 2022

Aspergillus niger SCSGAF0145 previously isolated and identified by our group as a tannase producer from soil was grown under submerged fermentation using pear seed as source of tannic acid. Crude tannase was precipitated out of the cell free broth and purified by gel filtration gave a purified enzyme with specific activity of 6.65 U/mg, with a final yield and purification fold of 42.08% and 5.94 respectively. The deduced Vmax of the purified tannase was 17.57 U/mL and Km was 1.59 mg/mL. The optimal temperature and pH of the enzyme using tannic acid as sole carbon source was 40 °C and 5.5 respectively. Conclusively, pear seed is a good substrate for gallic acid and tannase production by Aspergillus niger SCSGAF0145 and tannase secreted can be explored in various industrial processes.
Effect of the High Performance Organizational Framework on the Performance of Chartered Public Universities at the Kenyan Coast
Authors:   Technical University of Mombasa, Warrakah Ali , Sasaka Peter ,   Technical University of Mombasa, Mzera Jean ,   Technical University of Mombasa
Published: September 2022

Interest in creating high performance organizations (HPOs) has been growing at the Kenyan Coast and managers have been looking into practices that will help them elevate organizational performance. These organisations include Universities. Due to the changes and challenges that face the entire education system in the world, the quality of university education is a high profile issue. This research examined the effect of the high performance organizations framework in the Kenyan Coast context, particularly in the chartered public universities. The goal of the study was to evaluate whether this framework could be applied in the Kenyan Coast context and hence help improve performance of these universities. The study was based at Technical University of Mombasa, Pwani University and Taita Taveta University. Stratified random sampling technique was applied and Slovin’s formula was used to arrive at the desired sample size. The research instrument used in data collection was a questionnaire which was given to the sampled population of the workers. Only one variable had a score above 80%. The model statistically significantly predicted university performance F (5, 29) = 6.888, p (.000) < .05, R² = 0.543. Out of the five variables, only Continuous Improvement added statistically significantly to the prediction, p (.025) < .05. Individually, Technical University of Mombasa had a higher score in university performance than Taita Taveta University, even though the score was below 70%. The overall high performance organizations score (66.10%) was below the 85% score for an accepted high performance organization. This study fills the gap between high performance organizations framework and chartered public universities at the Kenyan Coast, highlighting key areas that needs improvement, to make these universities high performance organizations. Keywords: High Performance Organization Framework, Management Quality, Long-term Orientation, Continuous Improvement and Renewal, Workforce Quality.
potencial democratizante da desobediência civil
Authors: Celikates Robin , Lima Bárbara Nascimento de
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo objetiva demonstrar que as principais tradições liberais da desobediência civil falham ao não conseguir capturar completamente as características específicas desse fenômeno enquanto prática de contestação genuinamente democrática e política, uma vez que a desobediência civil não pode ser simplesmente reduzida a uma compreensão legal ou ética em termos de consciência individual ou de fidelidade ao direito. Ao desenvolver essa proposta com mais detalhes, primeiro defino a desobediência civil com o propósito de explicar cuidadosamente porque o modelo liberal padrão, embora capaz de prover um ponto de partida útil, em última análise leva a uma compreensão excessivamente restrita, domesticada e higienizadora da complexa prática política que é a desobediência civil. Em segundo lugar, eu localizo a prática política da desobediência entre dois polos opostos: a política simbólica e o confronto real, argumentando que a irredutível tensão entre esses polos explica precisamente seu potencial politizante e democratizante. Ao final, examino brevemente o papel da desobediência civil nas democracias representativas, abordando, para tanto, uma série de argumentos recentes feitos em resposta a esse entendimento radicalmente democrático da desobediência.
Determinants of Equity Share Prices in National Stock Exchange of India: A Panel Data Approach
Authors: Alom Mahfuzul , Choudhury Soma Roy Dey
Published: September 2022

The movement of share price depends upon some indicators that investors consider while making investment decisions. The study aims to analyse the determinants of share prices in National Stock Exchange of India. It covered a period of five years and used panel data approach on twenty-five Nifty representative stocks to establish the determinants of share prices. The data were analysed with the help of MS Excel 2013, stata-13 and SPSS-2 software. The study reveals that 58% of the fluctuations of share prices in India is affected due to the variables like Earnings per Share, Price to Earnings Ratio, Price to Book Ratio, Return on Net Worth, Dividend Per Share, Price to Net Profit Ratio, Profit Before Dividend, Interest and Tax and Gross Domestic Product. The study suggests that investors can make profitable decision by considering the determinants that have a significant bearing on share prices.
Determinants and Impact of Corporate Research & Development Investments on Firm Performance: Evidence from India
Authors: Sharda Shweta
Published: September 2022

Research & Development (R&D) investments have gained momentum in companies worldwide; it strengthens a firm’s competitiveness and enhances its long-run performance. However, they vary among companies due to the inherent risk in generating returns. This paper explores the factors that determine the level of R&D investments in a panel data of 368 Indian listed companies over eleven years from 2011 to 2021, and examines the immediate as well as lagged effect of R&D intensity on firm performance using a dynamic GMM estimator. The results found a positive impact of firm’s age on its R&D intensity but the firm’s size and its debt ratio are the negative determinants of R&D investments. The findings show a higher level of R&D investments as a potential source of insecurity among investors; evident by positive impact of R&D intensity on firm’s current financial performance (ROE) and negative impact on its market value (Tobin’s Q). Based on the evidence obtained in the context of developing countries, the study provides useful implications for facilitating R&D investments in emerging markets.
Human Resource Accounting and Financial Performance of Select Small-Scale Industries of Odisha: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Jena Biswa Mohan , Maharana Narayana , Chaudhury Suman Kalyan , Mohanty Sidhant
Published: September 2022

This study has been aimed at verifying the influence of human resource accounting practices and its impact on the financial performance of 30 select small-scale industries located in Odisha. Financial data for the purpose have been collected from the secondary sources for five years starting from 2016 to 2020 on the 30 small-scale industries, out of which 15 each from the service and manufacturing sector. By using the panel fixed and random effect regression models, the findings of the study confirm that human resource accounting is a very important element of management in the small-scale industries as it has a direct impact on the financial performance measured in terms of ROA and ROCE. Though, the type of business has a strong bearing on the profitability, dependency of any organisation on its human capital cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is recommended that smallscale industries can improve their human capital with proper implementation of human resource accounting where every aspect of cost and benefits associated with human resource should be identified, recorded and reviewed to ensure better performance.
Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Different Indian Business Sectors: A Comparative Testing Approach Using Firm Size Metric
Authors: Behal Vikas , Uppal Rajinder Kumar
Published: September 2022

The current study aims to detect any significant relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) score and type of industrial sector to which sampled companies belong, and to assess how this relationship tends to change with the size of the firm. Application of One-way ANOVA for the sixyear time period, i.e. from 2014-15 and 2019-20, has reported that CSR disclosure of all industrial sectors does vary and such differences in CSR scores are highly apparent in small firms with one sector reported significantly higher disclosure than the other. In fact, such sectoral CSR dissimilarities have been gauged size-wise as well in the contextual spheres of environmental, community development, and employee relations categories, for example, CSR disclosure of power and electricity generation is significantly greater than that of minerals, metals & mining in case of environment and sustainability dimension. Overall, small companies need to put greater focus on carrying out and reporting of CSR activities keeping in mind the expectations of all stakeholders.
A Comparative Performance Measurement of Select Indian Commercial Banks: Application of Balanced Scorecard Model
Authors: Bosu Anindita , Mishra Dwarikanath
Published: September 2022

A balanced scorecard is a holistic tool of measurement which includes both tangible and intangible values of the organization for performance evaluation. The present study attempts to explore the application of the balanced scorecard to assess and differentiate the performance of select Indian public and private banks. To achieve these objectives, banks’ performance is measured on the identified twenty financial and non-financial key performance indicators and has been assigned scores based on performance scales. Further, statistical tools are exerted to test the hypotheses of this study. The t-test reveals the operation of public and private banks is significantly different given customer perspectives among all perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard approach over the period. This research concludes that Indian commercial banks’ performance from a financial perspective is good and needs to improve the performance of the banks related to the innovation and growth perspective of the balanced scorecard.
The Influence of Financing Constraints on Enterprises' Export Trade Patterns
Authors: Zhang Qiaoya
Published: September 2022

The party and the government have long regarded the improvement of international competitiveness and the promotion of the transformation and upgrading of export trade as a relatively important goal in economic policy reform. In the work report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is clearly required to intensify efforts to promote the construction of a trade powerhouse, cultivate new trade formats, and promote the vigorous expansion of foreign trade. With the help of the matching or data from the effective customs trade database and the Chinese industrial enterprise database, this paper studies the possible impact of the quantitative regression financing constraints on the domestic export trade enterprise model. The result is that when domestic enterprises face the pressure of financing constraints, they will choose the processing trade with lower profits and abandon the general trade model with higher profits.