bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graph construction method impacts variation representation and analyses in a bovine super-pangenome
Authors: Leonard Alexander S. , Crysnanto Danang , Mapel Xena M. , Bhati Meenu , Pausch Hubert
Published: May 2023

Background

Several models and algorithms have been proposed to build pangenomes from multiple input assemblies, but their impact on variant representation, and consequently downstream analyses, is largely unknown.

Results

We create multi-species super-pangenomes using pggb, cactus, and minigraph with the Bos taurus taurus reference sequence and eleven haplotype-resolved assemblies from taurine and indicine cattle, bison, yak, and gaur. We recover 221 k nonredundant structural variations (SVs) from the pangenomes, of which 135 k (61%) are common to all three. SVs derived from assembly-based calling show high agreement with the consensus calls from the pangenomes (96%), but validate only a small proportion of variations private to each graph. Pggb and cactus, which also incorporate base-level variation, have approximately 95% exact matches with assembly-derived small variant calls, which significantly improves the edit rate when realigning assemblies compared to minigraph. We use the three pangenomes to investigate 9566 variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs), finding 63% have identical predicted repeat counts in the three graphs, while minigraph can over or underestimate the count given its approximate coordinate system. We examine a highly variable VNTR locus and show that repeat unit copy number impacts the expression of proximal genes and non-coding RNA.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate good consensus between the three pangenome methods but also show their individual strengths and weaknesses that need to be considered when analysing different types of variants from multiple input assemblies.
Transcriptomic analysis of benznidazole-resistant and susceptible Trypanosoma cruzi populations
Authors: Lima Davi Alvarenga , Gonçalves Leilane Oliveira , Reis-Cunha João Luís , Guimarães Paul Anderson Souza , Ruiz Jeronimo Conceição , Liarte Daniel Barbosa , Murta Silvane Maria Fonseca
Published: May 2023

Background

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a serious public health concern in Latin America. Nifurtimox and benznidazole (BZ), the only two drugs currently approved for the treatment of CD, have very low efficacies in the chronic phase of the disease and several toxic side effects. Trypanosoma cruzi strains that are naturally resistant to both drugs have been reported. We performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and BZ-resistant T. cruzi populations using high-throughput RNA sequencing to elucidate the metabolic pathways related to clinical drug resistance and identify promising molecular targets for the development of new drugs for treating CD.

Methods

All complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries were constructed from the epimastigote forms of each line, sequenced and analysed using the Prinseq and Trimmomatic tools for the quality analysis, STAR as the aligner for mapping the reads against the reference genome (T. cruzi Dm28c—2018), the Bioconductor package EdgeR for statistical analysis of differential expression and the Python-based library GOATools for the functional enrichment analysis.

Results

The analytical pipeline with an adjusted P-value of < 0.05 and fold-change > 1.5 identified 1819 transcripts that were differentially expressed (DE) between wild-type and BZ-resistant T. cruzi populations. Of these, 1522 (83.7%) presented functional annotations and 297 (16.2%) were assigned as hypothetical proteins. In total, 1067 transcripts were upregulated and 752 were downregulated in the BZ-resistant T. cruzi population. Functional enrichment analysis of the DE transcripts identified 10 and 111 functional categories enriched for the up- and downregulated transcripts, respectively. Through functional analysis we identified several biological processes potentially associated with the BZ-resistant phenotype: cellular amino acid metabolic processes, translation, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation, RNA modification, DNA repair, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, oxidation–reduction processes, protein folding, purine nucleotide metabolic processes and lipid biosynthetic processes.

Conclusions

The transcriptomic profile of T. cruzi revealed a robust set of genes from different metabolic pathways associated with the BZ-resistant phenotype, proving that T. cruzi resistance mechanisms are multifactorial and complex. Biological processes associated with parasite drug resistance include antioxidant defenses and RNA processing. The identified transcripts, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD), provide important information on the resistant phenotype. These DE transcripts can be further evaluated as molecular targets for new drugs against CD.

Graphical Abstract
Diversity and composition of gut microbiota in healthy individuals and patients at different stages of hepatitis B virus-related liver disease
Authors: Lin Meng-Ju , Su Tung-Hung , Chen Chieh-Chang , Wu Wei-Kai , Hsu Shih-Jer , Tseng Tai-Chung , Liao Sih-Han , Hong Chun-Ming , Yang Hung-Chih , Liu Chun-Jen , Wu Ming-Shiang , Kao Jia-Horng
Published: May 2023

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The evolution of human gut microbiota during the progression of HBV-related liver diseases remains unclear. Therefore, we prospectively enrolled patients with HBV-related liver diseases and healthy individuals. Through 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized the gut microbiota of the participants and predicted the functions of microbial communities.

Results

We analyzed the gut microbiota of 56 healthy controls and 106 patients with HBV-related liver disease [14 with resolved HBV infection, 58 with CHB, and 34 with advanced liver disease (15 with liver cirrhosis and 19 with hepatocellular carcinoma)]. Patients with HBV-related liver disease exhibited a higher degree of bacterial richness (all P < 0.05) than did healthy controls. Beta diversity analyses revealed a distinct clustering pattern between healthy controls and patients with HBV-related liver disease (all P < 0.05). The composition of bacteria (from the phylum level to the genus level) varied across the stages of liver disease. Linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed multiple taxa that differ significantly in abundance between healthy controls and patients with HBV-related liver disease; however, fewer differences were observed among patients with resolved HBV infection, those with CHB, and those with advanced liver disease. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was increased in all three patient groups compared with the ratio in healthy controls (all P < 0.001). The analysis of the sequencing data by using PICRUSt2 revealed the changes in microbial functions with disease progression.

Conclusions

The diversity and composition of gut microbiota appear to vary significantly between healthy controls and patients at different stages of HBV-related liver disease. The understanding of gut microbiota may provide novel therapeutic options in these patients.
Does government health insurance protect households from out of pocket expenditure and distress financing for caesarean and non-caesarean institutional deliveries in India? Findings from the national family health survey (2019-21)
Authors: Garg Samir , Tripathi Narayan , Bebarta Kirtti Kumar
Published: May 2023

Objective

Institutional deliveries have been promoted in India to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. While the institutional deliveries have increased, they tend to involve large out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) and distress financing for households. In order to protect the families from financial hardship, publicly funded health insurance (PFHI) schemes have been implemented in India. An expanded national health insurance scheme called the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) was launched in 2018. The current study was aimed at evaluating the performance of PFHI in reducing the OOPE and distress financing for the caesarean and non-caesarean institutional deliveries after the launch of PMJAY. This study analysed the nationally representative dataset of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019-21.

Results

Enrollment under PMJAY or other PFHI was not associated with any reduction in out of pocket expenditure or distress financing for caesarean or non-caesarean institutional deliveries across India. Irrespective of the PFHI coverage, the average OOPE in private hospitals was five times larger than public hospitals. Private hospitals showed an excessive rate of using caesarean-section. Utilization of private hospitals was significantly associated with incurring larger OOPE and occurrence of distress financing.
On a more accurate half-discrete multidimensional Hilbert-type inequality involving one derivative function of m-order
Authors: Hong Yong , Zhong Yanru , Yang Bicheng
Published: May 2023

By means of the weight functions, the idea of introduced parameters, using the transfer formula and Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality, a more accurate half-discrete multidimensional Hilbert-type inequality with the homogeneous kernel as $\frac{1}{(x + \Vert k - \xi \Vert _{\alpha} )^{\lambda + m}}\ (x,\lambda > 0)$

1

(
x
+

∥
k
−
ξ
∥

α

)

λ
+
m

(
x
,
λ
>
0
)
involving one derivative function of m-order is given. The equivalent conditions of the best possible constant factor related to several parameters are considered. The equivalent forms. the operator expressions and some particular inequalities are obtained.
Quantifying the impacts of spatiotemporal land use and land cover changes on soil loss across agroecologies and slope categories using GIS and RUSLE model in Zoa watershed, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gitima Ginjo , Teshome Menberu , Kassie Meseret , Jakubus Monika
Published: May 2023

Background

Soil erosion in Ethiopian highlands is highly consistent with land use/land cover (LULC) changes that are associated with deforestation and a decline in biodiversity. However, identifying soil erosion-prone areas and quantifying soil loss in rugged terrains and various agroecologies due to LULC changes have not been dedicated to scientific studies. Therefore, we quantified the impacts of spatiotemporal LULC changes on soil loss across agroecologies and slope categories using GIS and RUSLE model from 1985 to 2021 in Zoa watershed, southwest Ethiopia. Moreover, prioritizing erosion severity risks at sub-watersheds and quantifying temporal sediment yield is essential for better conservation planning. Landsat images, rainfall, Digital Elevation Model, and soil data were obtained from field observations and secondary sources.

Results

Bareland and farmland have been expanding at the expense of other land use types. The annual soil loss in the watershed ranged from 0 to 113.21 t ha−1 year−1, 0 to 163.16 t ha−1 year−1, and 0 to 194.58 $$\mathrm{t}\,{\mathrm{ha}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$$

t

ha

-
1

year

-
1

with a mean annual soil loss of 21.07, 29.35 and 40.93 t ha−1 year−1 in 1985, 2000, and 2021, respectively. Among LULC classes, the highest soil loss was generated from bareland (31.73 $$\mathrm{t }\,{\mathrm{ha}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$$

t

ha

-
1

year

-
1

) and farmland (27.08 t ha−1 year−1 ) in 1985 later upsurged to 35.52 $$\mathrm{t }\,{\mathrm{ha}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$$

t

ha

-
1

year

-
1

and 59.91 t ha−1 year−1 in 2021, respectively, due to the maximum susceptibility of soil erosion risks from unprotected surfaces. The results also revealed that the lowland agroecology generated the highest mean soil loss of 24.05 $$\mathrm{t }\,{\mathrm{ha}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$$

t

ha

-
1

year

-
1

in 1985, 39.74 t ha−1 year−1 in 2000, and increased to 57.55 $$\mathrm{t }\,{\mathrm{ha}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$$

t

ha

-
1

year

-
1

in 2021. Considering the slope categories, the highest and most excruciating soil loss was engendered from steep (35.55–60.78 t ha–1 year–1) and very steep (52.48–72.69 $$\mathrm{t }\,{\mathrm{ha}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$$

t

ha

-
1

year

-
1

) slope terrains during 1985–2021. The northwestern part of the watershed is the most erosion-prone area which is now expanding to the central and western parts of the watershed. The sediment yield increased at the fastest rate at the watershed outlet, from 39.3% in 1985 to 94.26% in 2021.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicated that the conversion of other LULC categories into farmland was the most detrimental to a watershed in terms of soil loss, which necessitates the implementation of appropriate soil and water conservation measures with effective design by considering spatial variability to reduce soil erosion hazards.
Evaluating environmental factors using microclimate survey and computer fluid dynamics analysis of Korean traditional wooden architectural cultural heritage: focusing on the Kim Myeong-KwanGotaek
Authors: Kim YunSang
Published: May 2023

Preservation of traditional wooden buildings is important to extend their life and to adapt them to modern society. Wood can be subject to decay, cracking, and discoloration when exposed to various climatic environmental factors, such as moisture and temperature. These issues can be particularly problematic for wooden architecture because they can compromise the durability of the building and reduce its aesthetic appeal. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the microclimate environment of Kim Myeong-Kwan Gotaek, a wooden building important to the cultural heritage of Korea, using climate measurement equipment and computational fluid dynamics modeling. The results showed that relative humidity changes according to wind velocity and temperature. Therefore, heritage managers should aim to allow air to circulate inside such buildings as an effective strategy for preventing the decay of wooden architecture. The study provides valuable insights into how to preserve and extend the life of traditional wooden buildings. Our findings highlight the importance of developing practical measures based on analyses of the natural environment to protect such culturally important building for posterity.
Electroacupuncture inhibits dendritic spine remodeling through the srGAP3-Rac1 signaling pathway in rats with SNL
Authors: Wu Qiaoyun , Cai Chenchen , Ying Xinwang , Zheng Yujun , Yu Jiaying , Gu Xiaoxue , Tu Wenzhan , Lou Xinfa , Yang Guanhu , Li Ming , Jiang Songhe
Published: May 2023

Previous studies have shown that peripheral nerve injury can lead to abnormal dendritic spine remodeling in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Inhibition of abnormal dendritic spine remodeling can relieve neuropathic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) has a beneficial effect on the treatment of neuropathic pain, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Evidence has shown that slit-robo GTPase activating protein 3 (srGAP3) and Rho GTPase (Rac1) play very important roles in dendritic spine remodeling. Here, we used srGAP3 siRNA and Rac1 activator CN04 to confirm the relationship between SrGAP3 and Rac1 and their roles in improving neuropathic pain with EA. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was used as the experimental model, and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and Golgi-Cox staining were used to examine changes in behavioral performance, protein expression and dendritic spines. More dendritic spines and higher expression levels of srGAP3 were found in the initial phase of neuropathic pain. During the maintenance phase, dendritic spines were more mature, which was consistent with lower expression levels of srGAP3 and higher expression levels of Rac1-GTP. EA during the maintenance phase reduced the density and maturity of dendritic spines of rats with SNL, increased the levels of srGAP3 and reduced the levels of Rac1-GTP, while srGAP3 siRNA and CN04 reversed the therapeutic effects of EA. These results suggest that dendritic spines have different manifestations in different stages of neuropathic pain and that EA may inhibit the abnormal dendritic spine remodeling by regulating the srGAP3/Rac1 signaling pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain.
Interventions to reduce the stigma of mental health at work: a narrative review
Authors: Ramírez-Vielma Raúl , Vaccari Pamela , Cova Félix , Saldivia Sandra , Vielma-Aguilera Alexis , Grandón Pamela
Published: May 2023

Background

While there are reviews of the literature on mental health stigma reduction programs, very few have focused on the workplace. Objective: We sought to identify, describe and compare the main characteristics of the interventions to reduce the stigma towards mental health at work.

Method

The search of original articles (2007 to 2022) was carried out in the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases, selecting 25 articles from the key terms: 1. Stigma, 2. Workplace, 3. Anti-stigma intervention/program, 4. Mental health. Results: These interventions can be effective in changing the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of workers towards people with mental health problems, although further verification of these results is needed as they are limited to date.

Discussion and conclusion

Interventions to reduce stigma in the workplace could create more supportive work environments by reducing negative attitudes and discrimination and improving awareness of mental disorders.
Improved accuracy and precision of fat-suppressed isotropic 3D T2 mapping MRI of the knee with dictionary fitting and patch-based denoising
Authors: Kuhn Simon , Bustin Aurélien , Lamri-Senouci Aicha , Rumac Simone , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Colotti Roberto , Bastiaansen Jessica A. M. , Yerly Jérôme , Favre Julien , Omoumi Patrick , van Heeswijk Ruud B.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To develop an isotropic three-dimensional (3D) T2 mapping technique for the quantitative assessment of the composition of knee cartilage with high accuracy and precision.

Methods

A T2-prepared water-selective isotropic 3D gradient-echo pulse sequence was used to generate four images at 3 T. These were used for three T2 map reconstructions: standard images with an analytical T2 fit (AnT2Fit); standard images with a dictionary-based T2 fit (DictT2Fit); and patch-based-denoised images with a dictionary-based T2 fit (DenDictT2Fit). The accuracy of the three techniques was first optimized in a phantom study against spin-echo imaging, after which knee cartilage T2 values and coefficients of variation (CoV) were assessed in ten subjects in order to establish accuracy and precision in vivo. Data given as mean ± standard deviation.

Results

After optimization in the phantom, whole-knee cartilage T2 values of the healthy volunteers were 26.6 ± 1.6 ms (AnT2Fit), 42.8 ± 1.8 ms (DictT2Fit, p < 0.001 versus AnT2Fit), and 40.4 ± 1.7 ms (DenDictT2Fit, p = 0.009 versus DictT2Fit). The whole-knee T2 CoV reduced from 51.5% ± 5.6% to 30.5 ± 2.4 and finally to 13.1 ± 1.3%, respectively (p < 0.001 between all). The DictT2Fit improved the data reconstruction time: 48.7 ± 11.3 min (AnT2Fit) versus 7.3 ± 0.7 min (DictT2Fit, p < 0.001). Very small focal lesions were observed in maps generated with DenDictT2Fit.

Conclusions

Improved accuracy and precision for isotropic 3D T2 mapping of knee cartilage were demonstrated by using patch-based image denoising and dictionary-based reconstruction.

Key points

• Dictionary T2 fitting improves the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) knee T2 mapping.

• Patch-based denoising results in high precision in 3D knee T2 mapping.

• Isotropic 3D knee T2 mapping enables the visualization of small anatomical details.
Identification of crucial genes involved in thyroid cancer development
Authors: Kalarani Iyshwarya Bhaskar , Sivamani Ganesan , Veerabathiran Ramakrishnan
Published: May 2023

Background

A malignancy of the endocrine system, one of the most common types, is thyroid cancer. It is proven that children who receive radiation treatment for leukemia or lymphoma are at a heightened risk of thyroid cancer due to low-dose radiation exposure throughout childhood. Several factors can increase the risk of thyroid cancer (ThyCa), such as chromosomal and genetic mutations, iodine intake, TSH levels, autoimmune thyroid disorders, estrogen, obesity, lifestyle changes, and environmental contaminants.

Objectives

The study aimed to identify a specific gene as an essential candidate for thyroid cancer progression. We might be able to focus on developing a better understanding of how thyroid cancer is inherited.

Methods

The review article uses electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central. The most frequently associated genes with thyroid cancer found on PubMed were BAX, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPO5, IL-10, BRAF, RET, and K-RAS. To perform an electronic literature search, genes derived from DisGeNET: a database of gene-disease associations, including PRKAR1A, BRAF, RET, NRAS, and KRAS, are used.

Conclusion

Examining the genetics of thyroid cancer explicitly emphasizes the primary genes associated with the pathophysiology of young and older people with thyroid cancer. Developing such gene investigations at the beginning of the thyroid cancer development process can identify better outcomes and the most aggressive thyroid cancers.
Neoadjuvant Therapy in Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer in Kurdistan, Iraq
Authors: Namiq Karez Sarbast , Sulaiman Luqman Rahman
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE

The core management of nonmetastatic breast cancer includes surgical tumor removal by either breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has shown the potential to downstage locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and reduce the extent of breast or axillary surgery. This study aimed to assess the treatment approach for nonmetastatic breast cancer in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and to compare its alignment with the current international recommendations for cancer treatment.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1,000 patients with prespecified eligible inclusion criteria who underwent either BCS or mastectomy for nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer at oncology centers in the Kurdistan region of Iraq between the period 2016 and 2021.

RESULTS

Of 1,000 patients (median age, 47 years [range, 22-85 years]), 60.2% underwent mastectomy and 39.8% underwent BCS. The proportion of patients treated with NACT has increased over time, with 8.3% of patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment in 2016 compared with 14.2% in 2021. Similarly, BCS increased from 36.3% in 2016 to 43.7% in 2021. Most patients who underwent BCS had early breast cancer with low nodal involvement burden.

CONCLUSION

The increasing trends of BCS practice in LABC along with the increased use of NACT in the Kurdistan region in recent years comply with international guidelines. Our large multicenter, real-life series emphasizes the need to implement and discuss more conservative surgical approaches, enhanced with the broader use of NACT, through education and information programs for health providers and patients, in the context of multidisciplinary team discussions, to deliver high-quality, patient-centric breast cancer care.
Towards a liquid-state theory for active matter
(a)
Authors: Li Yuting Irene , Garcia-Millan Rosalba , Cates Michael E. , Fodor Étienne
Published: May 2023

In equilibrium, the collective behaviour of particles interacting via steep, short-ranged potentials is well captured by the virial expansion of the free energy at low density. Here, we extend this approach beyond equilibrium to the case of active matter with self-propelled particles. Given that active systems do not admit any free-energy description in general, our aim is to build the dynamics of the coarse-grained density from first principles without any equilibrium assumption. Starting from microscopic equations of motion, we obtain the hierarchy of density correlations, which we close with an ansatz for the two-point density valid in the dilute regime at small activity. This closure yields the nonlinear dynamics of the one-point density, with hydrodynamic coefficients depending explicitly on microscopic interactions, by analogy with the equilibrium virial expansion. This dynamics admits a spinodal instability for purely repulsive interactions, a signature of motility-induced phase separation. Therefore, although our approach should be restricted to dilute, weakly active systems a priori, it actually captures the features of a broader class of active matter.
Probabilistic County-Level Population Projections
Authors: Yu Crystal CY , Ševčíková Hana , Raftery Adrian E. , Curran Sara R.
Published: May 2023

Population projections provide predictions of future population sizes for an area. Historically, most population projections have been produced using deterministic or scenario-based approaches and have not assessed uncertainty about future population change. Starting in 2015, however, the United Nations (UN) has produced probabilistic population projections for all countries using a Bayesian approach. There is also considerable interest in subnational probabilistic population projections, but the UN's national approach cannot be used directly for this purpose, because within-country correlations in fertility and mortality are generally larger than between-country ones, migration is not constrained in the same way, and there is a need to account for college and other special populations, particularly at the county level. We propose a Bayesian method for producing subnational population projections, including migration and accounting for college populations, by building on but modifying the UN approach. We illustrate our approach by applying it to the counties of Washington State and comparing the results with extant deterministic projections produced by Washington State demographers. Out-of-sample experiments show that our method gives accurate and well-calibrated forecasts and forecast intervals. In most cases, our intervals were narrower than the growth-based intervals issued by the state, particularly for shorter time horizons.
Dreams in Double Time
Authors: Leal Jonathan
Published: May 2023

In Dreams in Double Time Jonathan Leal examines how the musical revolution of bebop opened up new futures for racialized and minoritized communities. Blending lyrical nonfiction with transdisciplinary critique and moving beyond standard Black/white binary narratives of jazz history, Leal focuses on the stories and experiences of three musicians and writers of color: James Araki, a Nisei multi-instrumentalist, soldier-translator, and literature and folklore scholar; Raúl Salinas, a Chicano poet, jazz critic, and longtime activist who endured the US carceral system for over a decade; and Harold Wing, an Afro-Chinese American drummer, pianist, and songwriter who performed with bebop pioneers before working as a public servant. Leal foregrounds that for these men and their collaborators, bebop was an affectively and intellectually powerful force that helped them build community and dream new social possibilities. Bebop’s complexity and radicality, Leal contends, made it possible for those like Araki, Salinas, and Wing who grappled daily with state-sanctioned violence to challenge a racially supremacist, imperial nation, all while hearing and making the world anew.
The Anarchy of Black Religion
Authors: Carter J. Kameron
Published: May 2023

In The Anarchy of Black Religion, J. Kameron Carter examines the deeper philosophical, theological, and religious history that animates our times to advance a new approach to understanding religion. Drawing on the black radical tradition and black feminism, Carter explores the modern invention of religion as central to settler colonial racial technologies wherein antiblackness is a founding and guiding religious principle of the modern world. He therefore sets black religion apart from modern religion, even as it tries to include and enclose it. Carter calls this approach the black study of religion. Black religion emerges not as doctrinal, confessional, or denominational but as a set of poetic and artistic strategies of improvisatory living and gathering. Potentiating non-exclusionary belonging, black religion is anarchic, mystical, and experimental: it reveals alternative relationalities and visions of matter that can counter capitalism’s extractive, individualistic, and imperialist ideology. By enacting a black study of religion, Carter elucidates the violence of religion as the violence of modern life while also opening an alternate praxis of the sacred.
Development of a fluorescence reporter system to quantify transcriptional activity of endogenous p53 in living cells
Authors: Tsuruoka Tatsuki , Nakayama Emiri , Endo Takuya , Harashima Shingo , Kamada Rui , Sakaguchi Kazuyasu , Imagawa Toshiaki
Published: May 2023

The tumor suppressor p53 (also known as TP53) plays a central role in cellular stress responses by regulating transcription of multiple target genes. The temporal dynamics of p53 are thought to be important for its function; these encode input information and are decoded to induce distinct cellular phenotypes. However, it remains unclear to what extent the temporal dynamics of p53 reflect the activity of p53-induced gene expression. In this study, we report a multiplexed reporter system that allows us to visualize the transcriptional activity of p53 at the single-cell level. Our reporter system features simple and sensitive observation of the transcriptional activity of endogenous p53 to the response elements of various target genes. Using this system, we show that the transcriptional activation of p53 exhibits strong cell-to-cell heterogeneity. The transcriptional activation of p53 after etoposide treatment is highly dependent on the cell cycle but this is not seen after UV exposure. Finally, we show that our reporter system allows simultaneous visualization of the transcriptional activity of p53 and cell cycle. Our reporter system can thus be a useful tool for studying biological processes involving the p53 signaling pathway.
Τα μοναστήρια της Πάρου, 16ος-19ος αιώνας
Authors: Γεωργιάδη Αναστασία
Published: May 2023

Η διατριβή περιλαμβάνει αναλυτική παρουσίαση και διερεύνηση του μεταβυζαντινού μοναστικού δικτύου της Πάρου και της ανάπτυξής του κατά την περίοδο από τον 16ο έως τις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα.
Ενσωμάτωση της κειμενικής επεξεργασίας στην προοπτική διερεύνηση (Foresight)
Authors: Μιχαλόπουλος Παναγιώτης
Published: May 2023

Η διδακτορική διατριβή με τίτλο: “Ενσωμάτωση της Κειμενικής Επεξεργασίας στην Προοπτική Διερεύνηση (Foresight)” έχει σα στόχο τη δόμηση του Συστήματος FORTEM (Foresight-Text Mining), το οποίο παρέχει τη δυνατότητα, ενσωμάτωσης της Κειμενικής Επεξεργασίας σε συγκεκριμένα στάδια της Προοπτικής Διερεύνησης. Η ένταξη της Κειμενικής Επεξεργασίας στη ροή διαδικασιών της ‘Προοπτικής Διερεύνησης’ (Foresight), στα πλαίσια του FORTEM, δίνει τη δυνατότητα της συμπερίληψης της ιστορικής διάστασης, στον καθορισμό των τάσεων, των “παραγόντων αλλαγής” και του “εξωτερικού περιβάλλοντος για τη δόμηση των εναλλακτικών “εικόνων του μέλλοντος” και τη στήριξη της επιλογής και υλοποίησης των “επιθυμητών σεναρίων πολιτικής” στα πλαίσια του Στρατηγικού Σχεδιασμού του Μέλλοντος.Η δομή της διατριβής περιλαμβάνει τρία μέρη.Στο πρώτο μέρος αναπτύσσονται θεωρητικά θέματα και ζητήματα εφαρμογής των ασκήσεων της ‘Προοπτικής Διερεύνησης’. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, εξετάζεται η “Κειμενική Επεξεργασία” ως διαδικασία και επιστημονικό πεδίο διαχείρισης της πληροφορίας και παραγωγής νέας γνώσης, χρήσιμης για τη διερεύνηση των εναλλακτικών μελλοντικών εικόνων στην Προοπτική Διερεύνηση, ενώ στο τρίτο μέρος εστιάζει στη δόμηση του FORTEM και την πιλοτική εφαρμογή, ενδεικτικής ενσωμάτωσης της ιστορικής διάστασης, στη χρήση του, στα πλαίσια της διαδικασίας του Στρατηγικού Σχεδιασμού του μέλλοντος.
Contraindications and factors that rule out patients willing to undergo laser vision correction
Authors: Łoginoff Jan , Morawski Przemysław , Pactwa Filip , Szymańska Ewa , Ostaszewska Sandra , Świąder Kinga , Augustynowicz Kinga , Chrzanowski Jakub , Wójcik Bartłomiej , Popińska Zuzanna
Published: May 2023

Laser vision correction is a modern method of eliminating, not just correcting, vision defects. The laser results in the restoration of the patient's eyes, so that he or she gains visual acuity anew. This method is both effective and safe, however, it is not feasible for every person. There are certain restrictions regarding: age, health, type of defect, history of disease, corneal scarring, pregnancy (both during and planned), or breastfeeding. Other rather non-obvious limitations, often overlooked by patients at the qualifying examination, are a metal filing that once found its way into the eye, after which it was removed rather late by a specialist, or current dry eye syndrome. The procedure of laser vision correction, can be carried out only after obtaining both the consent of the doctor conducting the qualifying examination and the interested party himself.
La Unión Europea y la Asociación de Naciones del Sureste Asiático: relaciones interregionales en una era de grandes potencias
Authors: Abad Quintanal Gracia
Published: May 2023

Las relaciones entre la UE y la ASEAN constituyen uno de los ejemplos más significativos de los esfuerzos acometidos por la Unión Europea para consolidarse como un actor global desde la década de los noventa. Tales relaciones han discurrido, no sin altibajos, por diferentes canales no completamente independientes, pero tampoco relacionados de forma estructurada. También han contribuido en mayor o menor medida, además de a hacer posible el diálogo, la cooperación y los intercambios entre las dos regiones, a fomentar la institucionalización del sistema internacional, el multilateralismo y las dinámicas de gobernanza global. En una coyuntura difícil como la actual, caracterizada por el auge de las grandes potencias cabe preguntarse por la situación y razón de ser de estas relaciones. Todo parece indicar que, pese a las dificultades, viven un momento de relanzamiento.
Competición entre grandes potencias y militarización del espacio exterior/Great Powers Competition and Outer Space Militarization
Authors: Jordán Enamorado Javier
Published: May 2023

El espacio ultraterrestre es cada vez más relevante para la conducción de las operaciones militares. Este artículo contextualiza la importancia que le conceden Estados Unidos, China, Rusia e India en el marco de las teorías estratégicas del poder espacial y en los nuevos conceptos militares relacionados con las operaciones en todos los dominios.
Dimensión ética y moral de posibles conflictos militares en el espacio exterior
Authors: Moliner Gonzalez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2023

El uso del espacio exterior, denominación que se utilizará en este trabajo, aunque también es habitual la de espacio ultraterrestre, nació y se desarrolló por el interés militar de las dos grandes potencias implicadas y siempre ha estado presente desde que se inició la Era Espacial. En las últimas décadas la militarización del espacio ha aumentado de forma notable, amenazando el uso pacífico del mismo que se pretendió fuera el interés principal de su regulación internacional. En paralelo, también se han incrementado hasta extremos increíbles los servicios y aplicaciones civiles con una rapidez y amplitud, gracias a los nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos, no prevista cuando se firmó el Tratado del Espacio Exterior. Estas actividades se han expandido hasta el punto de que la humanidad depende de muchas aplicaciones, basadas en el espacio exterior y en gran parte de naturaleza dual civil y militar, que sustentan importantes actividades económicas globales. El riesgo del uso de la fuerza en o desde el espacio ultraterrestre no puede ser obviado y la reflexión desde la ética militar se hace necesaria para evitar que un bien común de toda la humanidad se convierta en escenario de conflictos y guerras.
Uncertainty Estimation of Connected Vehicle Penetration Rate
Authors: Jia Shaocheng , Wong S. C. , Wong Wai
Published: May 2023

Knowledge of the connected vehicle (CV) penetration rate is crucial for realizing numerous beneficial applications during the prolonged transition period to full CV deployment. A recent study described a novel single-source data penetration rate estimator (SSDPRE) for estimating the CV penetration rate solely from CV data. However, despite the unbiasedness of the SSDPRE, it is only a point estimator. Consequently, given the typically nonlinear nature of transportation systems, model estimations or system optimizations conducted with the SSDPRE without considering its variability can generate biased models or suboptimal solutions. Thus, this study proposes a probabilistic penetration rate model for estimating the variability of the results generated by the SSDPRE. An essential input for this model is the constrained queue length distribution, which is the distribution of the number of stopping vehicles in a signal cycle. An exact probabilistic dissipation time model and a simplified constant dissipation time model are developed for estimating this distribution. In addition, to improve the estimation accuracy in real-world situations, the braking and start-up motions of vehicles are considered by constructing a constant time loss model for use in calibrating the dissipation time models. VISSIM simulation demonstrates that the calibrated models accurately describe constrained queue length distributions and estimate the variability of the results generated by the SSDPRE. Furthermore, applications of the calibrated models to the next-generation simulation data set and a simple CV-based adaptive signal control scheme demonstrate the readiness of the models for use in real-world situations and the potential of the models to improve system optimizations.

Funding: This work was supported by The University of Hong Kong [Francis S Y Bong Professorship in Engineering and Postgraduate Scholarship] and by the Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Grants 17204919 and 17205822].

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.1209 .
Cidades e subjetivações contemporâneas: práticas de desfiliação em contextos urbanos
Authors: Silva Daiane Gasparetto da , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Moreno Heidiany Katrine Santos , Luz Helder Corrêa , Mesquita Marcelo Ribeiro de
Published: May 2023

O artigo busca pensar alguns aspectos da cidade e da circulação na mesma, sobretudo em contextos urbanos, interrogando os estigmas e resistências que modulam e são modulados pelas práticas complexas que fabricam os modos de ser, de viver, de sentir, de agir e se relacionar na cidade como espaço público. A cidade como lugar em que tempo e espaço convergem e se entrecruzam é um importante lugar de disputas e lutas por direitos, simultaneamente de conflitos de interesses, em constante transformação e tentativas do Estado em organizar e gerir subjetividades e vidas. A apropriação das cidades como negócios por corporações e grupos que visam extrair privilégios tem sido regular, sobretudo, no capitalismo neoliberal das últimas décadas. Concluindo, busca-se apresentar resistências em que a transformação democrática do espaço urbano é um ideal permanente diante da produção de estigmas e segregações.
Esquizodrama e dramatização: contribuições do método de preparação de atores de Fátima Toledo
Authors: Hur Domenico Uhng
Published: May 2023

A dramatização é um recurso importante utilizado no esquizodrama; contudo, as referências brasileiras são pouco acessadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse artigo é conhecer o Método de preparação de atores de Fátima Toledo, para discutir possíveis contribuições ao esquizodrama de Gregorio Baremblitt. O que seu trabalho pode nos ensinar para as práticas de dramatização nas intervenções clínicas e psicossociais? O método utilizado foi uma revisão bibliográfica sobre sua obra e discussão teórica. Dentre os diversos pontos de conexão que podem ser encontrados, discutimos quatro: 1- a incitação de processos de desterritorialização; 2- a expressão de devires-animais; 3- a produção de uma zona de vibração contínua e 4- a estratégia situacional corporal. Concluímos que o Método de Fátima Toledo pode ser uma valiosa ferramenta para o trabalho esquizodramático.
Entrevista em tempos de pandemia: relato de experiência de entrevistas online e presencial
Authors: Silveira Laiana Pereira da
Published: May 2023

Este artigo foi desenvolvido enquanto a autora estava concluindo seu mestrado e buscou articular teoria e prática através dos conceitos e relatos de experiências discutidos na disciplina Oralidade e arquivos orais, de modo que pudessem ser aplicados ao campo de estudo da pesquisadora. Com o objetivo de transformar o repertório debatido em instrumentos que auxiliassem no desenvolvimento de um estudo maior, neste caso a dissertação de mestrado da autora, que se encontra em andamento e tem como uma das principais etapas de coleta de dados a entrevista, optou-se por relacionar os conceitos vistos na disciplina com o principal elemento de estudo presente no tema da dissertação, o vestuário. Entende-se a importância do vestuário como suporte de memória, evocado em muitos momentos. Argumenta-se, com base nos autores selecionados, a relação do vestuário com a construção e evocação de memórias através de relatos orais.
Antithrombotic therapy in the management of hospitalised patients with COVID-19
Authors: Koulas Ioannis , Goldin Mark , Schulman Sam , Spyropoulos Alex C
Published: May 2023

Hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at a significantly higher risk of having thromboembolic events while in hospital and in the immediate post-hospital discharge period. Based on early data from observational studies, multiple high quality randomised controlled trials have been conducted worldwide to evaluate optimal thromboprophylaxis regimens to reduce thromboembolism and other COVID-19-related adverse outcomes in hospitalised patients. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis has published evidence-based guideline recommendations using established methodology for the management of antithrombotic therapy of COVID-19 patients, both in-hospital and in the immediate post-hospital discharge period. A good clinical practice statement supplemented these guidelines based on topics for which there was no or limited high-quality evidence. This review summarises the main recommendations of these documents to serve as a quick access tool for hospital doctors to use in their everyday practice when treating COVID-19 patients.
Isolated Coronoid Fracture in a 9-Year-Old Child – A Case Report
Authors: Khodnapur Gireesh , Desai Nachiket , Khatri Ronak
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Isolated coronoid fractures in the pediatric age group are uncommon and ill-defined in literature; here, we are studying the characteristics of the fracture and surgical management to gain good functional outcomes in such cases. Case Report: A case of 9-year-old boy who presented with isolated right elbow coronoid displaced fracture Type IIIA of Regan and Morrey Classification, underwent open reduction internal fixation with headless screws and was followed up for 1-year postoperatively. A satisfactory functional outcome with full range of movement achieved with no complications at the final follow-up. Conclusion: Headless screw fixation for Type IIIA coronoid fractures in pediatric elbow gives good functional outcome and range of movements with low rates of complications. Keywords: Pediatric trauma, coronoid fracture, Herbert’s screw, pediatric elbow.
Swan Neck Deformity: An Unusual Complication Following Trigger Finger Release
Authors: Hahn Alexander K , Corvi John J , Hammarstedt Jon E , Palmer Bradley
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Swan neck deformity (SND) is a common pathologic finding often observed in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. However, it has also been seen in injuries such as mallet finger, flexor digitorum superficialis laceration, and intrinsic contracture. Open surgical release of a trigger finger most commonly involves the release of the A1 pulley to relieve a mechanical impingement. Bowstringing is a rare trigger finger release complication caused by excessive pulley resection, usually due to resection of the A2 pulley. As a result of this complication, the flexor tendons move away from their center of rotation, gaining an increased mechanical advantage over the extensors and can ultimately result in a SND. Case Report: We present a case report of a 61-year-old patient that presented to our clinic with a SND of the 4th digit following a trigger finger release. Conclusion: Our case demonstrated that a previous trigger finger release with disruption of the A2 pulley can cause a cascade of events that can result in SND. Keywords: Swan neck, trigger finger, deformity, bowstringing.
Atraumatic Reciprocal Scapula Fracture – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sood Chetan , Prasad Manish , Thakur Kamparsh , Shakya Amir Ratna , Chhetri Prakrit
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Scapula fractures are very rare and bilateral reciprocal involvement is rarest of all. Due to the protective nature of surrounding musculature, it is least prone to fracture with reported incidence of 1% of all skeletal fractures. However, synchronized firing of the periscapular muscles could overcome the bone strength resulting into the fracture as in the cases of electrocution and seizure attack. Case Report: We present a case of 54-year-old ex-military male patient with a history of acute onset seizure of multiple episodes. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebrovascular thrombosis. The patient was admitted in the intensive care and complained pain over bilateral shoulder with restricted movement in the post-ictal phase. X-ray showed bilateral comminuted extra-articular scapular fractures. The severity of the injury and displacement of the fracture pronounced operative intervention. Modified Judet approach was used to approach the fractures. After a successful surgery, rehabilitation protocol constituted of passive range of motion exercises with gradual active exercises of shoulder. One-year follow-up showed good consolidation of both fracture with full recovery of function. Conclusion: Periscapular musculature protects the scapula from traumatic events due to the significant bulk that it provides but these can on the other hand be source of deforming force in the patient who has history of simultaneous contraction as in the case of recurrent episodic seizure or electrocution. Scapular fracture should always be suspected in the patient with insidious development of shoulder pain following strong seizure attack. These fractures if indicated should be managed operatively. Keywords: Scapula, non-traumatic, fracture, seizure.