bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIETOTERAPIA NO TRATAMENTO DA DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Mourao Fellipe pereira , COELHO CRISTINA PACHECO
Published: April 2022

Introdução: O maior de desafio do paciente diabético é evitar as complicações da doença, por ser tratar de um estado inflamatório generalizado crônico ou pelo comprometimento dessas proteínas que são proteínas glicadas, que vão acarretando uma degeneração com o passar do tempo, quando o paciente não atenta para o nível glicêmico. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever os principais tratamentos dietéticos da diabetes. Material e métodos: O estudo, foi realizado através de revisões de literatura, de maneira qualitativa, optou-se por selecionar artigos sobre o tema na plataforma Pubmed. Resultados: Existem três pilares em educação, sobre o diabetes: ingestão da medicação correta, possuir uma alimentação saudável, praticar exercícios físicos e envolver toda a família. O diabetes não significa perda de controle e sim disciplina, mudança de comportamento, pois sem estes cuidados, as complicações serão implacáveis. A alimentação de um paciente diabético é muito parecida com a alimentação de um paciente que não possui a doença. O que deve ser levado em conta é a qualidade dos alimentos e que estes estejam adequados dentro de um planejamento alimentar de acordo com a necessidade nutricional de cada um. A quantidade dos alimentos que cada paciente vai utilizar, precisa ser calculada por um profissional nutricionista. Com relação as frutas, não existe uma restrição, mas por elas possuírem frutose, que é um carboidrato que pode sim, impactar o aumento do açúcar no sangue, é necessário ter cautela com a quantidade a ser ingerida. Conclusão: Portanto, na verdade é necessário adequar estes alimentos na dieta, ao longo do dia aos pacientes diabéticos visando melhorar sua qualidade de vida.
ANÁLISE DOS CASOS DE INTERNAÇÕES E ÓBITOS NO BRASIL ASSOCIADOS AOS HERPESVÍRUS HUMANO NO PERÍODO DE JAN/2014 – JAN/2022
Authors: SANTOS DANILO SILVA DOS , ALVES HIRISLEIDE BEZERRA
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Os Herpesvírus Humano (HHVs) pertencem à família Herpesviridae e estão relacionados aos quadros de herpes no homem. Os HHVs são divididos em oito subgrupos, porém os tipos HHV-1 (está geralmente associado a herpes labial ou situadas acima da cintura) e HHV-2 (é frequentemente associado ao herpes vaginal) são os mais prevalentes. Objetivo: Analisar o número de internações e óbitos causados pelos HHVs nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, entre janeiro de 2014 e janeiro de 2022. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, através da análise do banco de dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS) do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS). Considerou-se a classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), capítulo I. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram: pessoas de ambos os sexos, sem restrição de idade e raças declaradas. Resultados: Verificou-se um total de casos notificados na plataforma de 11.060 internações e 88 óbitos, nas cinco regiões do Brasil no período de janeiro de 2014 a janeiro de 2022. A região de maior índice de internação foi a Sudeste, com 4.095 (37,0%), e de menor taxa a região Norte, com 894 (8,1%). Quanto a variável óbitos, observou-se também destaques para a região Sudeste 42 (47,7%) e Norte 2 (2,3%), esta última com menor índice. Considerando-se a variável sexo, identificou-se maior prevalência em mulheres, tanto na internação quanto no número de óbitos, 1.355 e 8 casos, respectivamente. Tal fato pode estar associado a transmissão sexual dos HHVs mais eficiente dos homens para as mulheres, as quais apresentam maiores índices de infecção. Conclusão: Apesar dos casos de HHVs serem clinicamente simples, verifica-se um número elevado de internações e óbitos associados, principalmente na região Sudeste. Desse modo, necessita-se que medidas de prevenção sejam intensificadas, visto que esta doença pode ficar latente durante anos e uma vez infectado, o individuo configura fonte vitalícia de transmissão. O diagnóstico clínico e tratamento devem ser adotados visando a limitação do número de casos e internações decorrentes.
CANDIDEMIA EM PACIENTES IDOSOS E MUITO IDOSOS: COMPARAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA PRÉ E PÓS-PANDEMIA DA SARS-COV-2
Authors: silva Natalia chilinque zambao da , MORET MARIA EDUARDA MARQUES
Published: April 2022

Introdução: As infecções causadas por leveduras do gênero Candida spp. apresentam grande relevância para saúde pública, visto que estão relacionadas a grande mortalidade. A taxa de mortalidade de infecções por Candida variam de 10 a 47%. Ademais, é sabido que pacientes que apresentam formas graves de Covid-19 têm maior risco de desenvolver candidemia. A infecção por SARS-CoV-2 é acompanhada de intensa cascata inflamatória e imunossupressão secundária ao uso de corticosteroides. Objetivo: Comparar as características epidemiológicas e microbiológicas das infecções de corrente sanguínea por espécies de Candida sp. pré e pós pandemia de Covid-19 em idosos e muito idosos. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo observacional conduzido de agosto a novembro de 2021 em um hospital quaternário de ensino no Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante revisão de laudos microbiológicos diários, prontuários e armazenados em planilha Excel. Foram excluídos pacientes sem dados completos para análise, pacientes menores de 18 anos e resultados de culturas que não correspondiam a candidemia. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo foram detectadas 48 candidemias, dessas 60,42% corresponderam a eventos em pacientes idosos e/ou muito idosos. A mediana de idade foi de 74 anos. A principal espécie identificada em pacientes pré-pandemia foi Candida albicans, enquanto na pós-pandemia foi Candida tropicalis. Os resultados foram condizentes com a literatura que mostram um aumento na incidência de espécies não albicans na era pós Covid-19. Conclusão: Devido à grande incidência de candidemia em pacientes idosos e sua alta mortalidade é mandatório instituir medidas que auxiliem na prevenção e controle dessa infecção, especialmente no período pandêmico.
AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE FUNGOS E BACTÉRIAS EM MAÇANETA DA ENTRADA DE UM PRÉDIO NA CIDADE DE ITUMBIARA-GO: ANÁLISE DO POTENCIAL DE DESINFECÇÃO DO ÁLCOOL 70% CONTRA FUNGOS E COLÔNIAS DE BACTÉRIAS
Authors: Júnior Wellington Pereira de Oliveira , ARANTES JOICY GUERRA , ALMEIDA LORRANY LUANDA FÉLIX DE , FARIA LINDOMAR FERREIRA DE , MENDES ANY GABRIELY OLIVEIRA
Published: April 2022

Introdução: Em ambientes com um maior fluxo de pessoas, muitas serão as superfícies de contato comum. Portanto, muitos serão os pontos onde haverá um potencial agente patológico. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar fungos e bactérias nessas superfícies, e os efeitos do álcool a 70% na desinfecção. Material e métodos: Foi coletado material da superfície de uma maçaneta, em março de 2020, para cultivo e análise dos microrganismos. Foi utilizado swab estéril descartável para realizar a raspagem da superfície, e colocado em um saco plástico ziplock lacrado para evitar contaminação externa. Antes da coleta, foram preparadas as placas de Petri para o cultivo, esterilizadas previamente a 121 °C durante 15 minutos em autoclave, seguidas da aplicação do meio de cultura ágar batata para o crescimento de fungos e bactérias também esterilizado em autoclave. Com as placas prontas, foi esfregado o material coletado do swab na placa com o meio de cultura por meio de spread-plate, e vedadas as laterais da placa para minimizar os riscos de contaminação dentro da estufa, a 27 °C. Após 9 dias, a placa foi retirada para análise e contagem das colônias, utilizando contador de colônias manual. Após a contagem, foi borrifado álcool 70% sobre os microrganismos, para observar como as colônias reagiam com o álcool. Resultados: Foram encontradas 13 colônias de bactérias e 17 de fungos, apesar da limpeza ser realizada várias vezes por dia com uso de água e álcool 70%, e após a primeira borrifada, notou se o escurecimento quase imediato dos microrganismos, e decorridos 15 minutos, ficou mais evidente, com o aparecimento de gotículas na placa e acúmulo de líquidos, evidenciando que a aplicação do álcool a 70%, cria um meio hipotônico, ocasionando um extravasamento de líquido intracelular para o meio externo, gerando um ressecamento dos microrganismos, desnaturação de proteínas, levando a lise e consequentemente a morte celular. Apesar da limpeza constante diária, foi encontrado um número considerável de colônias de fungos e bactérias, número esse que poderia ser ainda maior, se a frequência de limpeza fosse menor ou inexistente, e em relação ao álcool, foi possível observar que este apresenta ser eficaz na desinfecção de superfícies.
ESTUDO DA ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE NANOEMULSÃO A BASE DE GORDURA ANIMAL
Authors: Neimog Mateus Souza , Carvalho Clarice Maia , Santos Geyse Souza , Mendonça Andreza Pereira , Porto Alice Sperandio
Published: April 2022

Introdução: O óleo extraído do tecido subcutâneo da capivara apresenta propriedades cicatrizantes e fonte de vitaminas A e D, sendo raros os estudos que comprovem essas atividades. A Nanotecnologia é uma área multidisciplinar que tem avançado nos últimos anos em diversos setores, dentre eles, a indústria farmacêutica. Os sistemas nanoemulsionados apresentam uma alternativa segura e eficaz, apresentando propriedades importantes do ponto de vista farmacológico. Sob esse aspecto, destacam-se as nanoemulsões como veículo de fármacos que podem ser produzidas para uso tópico, que apresentam alta absorção na pele. Tratam-se de sistemas constituídos por glóbulos bastante reduzidos, em escala nanométrica variando entre 20 a 500 nanômetros (nm), que podem veicular princípio ativo permitindo melhor penetração e aderência cutânea, além de promover a biodisponibilidade aumentada de muitos medicamentos. Objetivo: O presente trabalho demonstrou a possibilidade de síntese de um sistema nanoestrutura estável, através da síntese de nanoemulsões óleo em água (O/A), a base de gordura de capivara associada a tensoativo Tween 80. Material e métodos: Foram produzidas 11 amostras associadas ou não a nanopartículas metálicas de zinco e prata para estudos de estabilidade e antimicrobiano. As nanoemulsões foram sintetizadas por emprego da técnica de homogeneização a alta pressão, utilizando o homogeneizador Ultra Turrax. Foram realizados estudos das amostras por meio de Microscopia Eletrônica e Transmissão (MET) e testes antimicrobianos em bactérias Gram-positivas. Resultados: Apesar da estabilidade das amostras, as mesmas não apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana para os dois tipos de bactérias estudadas, Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus pneumoniae, sendo a continuidade deste estudo necessária para comprovação de eficácia em outras espécies de microrganismos.
RESISTENCIA MICROBIANA HOSPITALAR: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: passos Silvia maria dos
Published: April 2022

Introdução: A resistência microbiana nosocomial tem sido uma ameaça crescente para o tratamento efetivo de muitas infecções causadas por microrganismos. A efetividade reduzida de antibacterianos, antiparasitários, antivirais e antifúngicos, vem tornando o tratamento de muitos pacientes de complicada resolução, oneroso ou mesmo impossível, e o impacto da resistência microbiana sobre a saúde humana, os custos para os cuidados de saúde e o impacto social ainda necessitam ser investigados. As infecções por microrganismos resistentes podem ser graves, levando ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade, aumentando o tempo de internamento hospitalar. Objetivos: O objetivo do artigo foi relatar sobre a resistência microbiana nosocomial assim conscientizar os profissionais da saúde da importância a respeito dos cuidados para evitar a resistência do microrganismo nos pacientes. Materiais e Métodos: A metodologia realizada foi a revisão de artigos presente na bases de dados Scielo, foi utilizado os descritores “Resistencia microbiana AND hospitalar”, os filtros utilizados foram, o país Brasil, o idioma português. Realizou-se a busca nos meses de janeiro a fevereiro de 2022. Foram encontrados 13 artigos sobre o tema, foram escolhidos os três primeiros artigos, pois as publicações eram mais recentes, utilizou-se pesquisas de artigos, manuais e revistas sobre o tema. Resultados: Os resultados corroboram que é necessário que os profissionais de saúde refletirem sobre as graves consequências do uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e da importância da necessidade de se adotar, as medidas de assepsia para o controle de infecção hospitalar o melhor modo de evitar o contágio é a prevenção através do uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, a fim de diminuir a corrente de contágio dos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: é necessário conscientizar toda a equipe que trabalha no hospital, para que estes adotem as medidas preconizadas para se evitar a resistência microbiana, através de medidas básicas, para o controle das infecções hospitalares e da utilização correta dos medicamentos.
Eksperimen Sains Sederhana: Metode untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar
Authors: Adam Adam , Apni Nur , Rosalia Maria , Aisyah Achmad Yuliana
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher's efforts in increasing children's interest in learning. Seeing the teaching and learning process is the core business of education. In this process, students often have no interest in improving the quality of their learning. In the end the results or student achievement becomes low, and can increase barriers and difficulties in learning. The problem that often arises is the lack of interest in children's learning when studying in class. The research method used in this research is a simple science experiment. To answer the problems above, the researcher conducted a study using classroom action research. This research was conducted at RA AL-HIKMAH. Subjects in the study amounted to 11 children. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the pre-study, Experiment I and Experiment II there was an increase in children's interest in learning. It can be seen in the increase in children's interest in learning with very good criteria from none to 4 children (36.4%) and good criteria also an increase in learning interest from 3 children (27.3%) to 5 children (45.4%) in the Experiment II. So that this research is declared to have met the requirements for success above 80% on the criteria of good and very good.
Fostamatinib (Tavalisse)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: April 2022

CADTH recommends that Tavalisse not be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Evidence from 2 clinical trials showed that after 24 weeks of treatment, Tavalisse was only modestly effective in increasing the likelihood of achieving a sustained platelet count greater than 50,000/µL; in addition, treatment with Tavalisse did not significantly reduce bleeding occurrence or severity compared to placebo, and whether treatment with Tavalisse improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is not known.

Patients identified a need for treatments that can reduce symptoms and bleeding events and improve other quality of life measures; there was not enough evidence to show that Tavalisse would meet this need.
Tirzepatide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: McDonald Matthew , Farrah Kelly
Published: April 2022

Horizon Scan reports provide brief summaries of information regarding new and emerging health technologies; Heath Technology Update articles typically focus on a single device or intervention. These technologies are identified through the CADTH Horizon Scanning Service as topics of potential interest to health care decision-makers in Canada. This Horizon Scan summarizes the available information regarding an emerging technology, tirzepatide, for the treatment of hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease where blood glucose concentrations cannot be maintained at a normal level (hyperglycemia). Several antihyperglycemia drugs are currently available for the treatment of T2D including metformin, insulin secretagogues (meglitinides, sulfonylureas), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and slow/fast-acting insulin analogues. Despite the number of drugs currently available to mitigate hyperglycemia, a significant unmet need for new therapeutics still exists.

Tirzepatide (LY3298176; Eli Lilly Inc.) is a first in class dual glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist currently under development to treat hyperglycemia and obesity in individuals with T2D.

To date, phase III clinical trials have been completed and several other trials are in progress to determine the efficacy of tirzepatide to reduce hyperglycemia (SURPASS studies) and obesity (SURMOUNT-2 study) in adults with T2D.

This Horizon Scan bulletin focuses on the glycemic effect of tirzepatide in T2D. In summary, tirzepatide demonstrates efficacy in reducing mean glycated hemoglobin (A1C) compared to placebo, semaglutide, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine. Studies investigating the possible effect of tirzepatide on cardiovascular outcomes are currently ongoing.
Long-term variation study of fine-mode particle size and regional characteristics using AERONET data
Authors: Shin Juseon , Sim Juhyeon , Dehkhoda Naghmeh , Joo Sohee , Kim Taekyung , Kim Gahyung , Müller Detlef , Tesche Matthias , Shin Sungkyun , Shin Dongho , Noh Youngmin
Published: April 2022

Abstract. To identify the long-term trend of particle size variation, we analyzed aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ) separated as dust (τD) and coarse-(τPC) and fine-pollution particles (τPF) depending on emission sources and size. Ångström Exponent values are also identified separately as total and fine-mode particles (αT and αPF). We checked these trends in various ways; 1) first-order linear regression analysis of the annual average values, 2) percent variation using the slope of linear regression method, and 3) a reliability analysis using the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. We selected 17 AERONET sun/sky radiometer sites classified into six regions, i.e., Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, India, Southeast Asia, and Northeast Asia. τ decreased in Europe and Asian regions and increased in the Middle East, India, and North Africa. Values of τPC and τPF, show that aerosol loading caused by non-dust aerosols decreased in Europe and Asia and increased in India. In particular, τPF considerably decreased in Europe and Northeast Asia (95 % confidential levels in MK-test), and τPC decreased in Northeast Asia (Z-values for Seoul and Osaka are -2.95 and -2.31, respectively). The change in τPC reflects the reduction of primary emissions from plants and other anthropogenic sources as the result of regulations by air policies. Values of αT decreased by -3.3 to -30.5 % in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, which means the mean size of aerosol particles increased. Particle size on average became smaller over India and Asian regions considered in our study. We find that αT increased by 1.3 to 13.1 %. In particular, αPF increased in most areas., showing the probability that the average particle size of fine-mode aerosols became smaller in recent years.
Two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of impacts of aerosol feedbacks on meteorology and air quality
Authors: Gao Chao , Xiu Aijun , Zhang Xuelei , Tong Qingqing , Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Shichun , Yang Guangyi , Zhang Mengduo
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols can exert an influence on meteorology and air quality
through aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) and aerosol–cloud interaction
(ACI), and this two-way feedback has been studied by applying two-way coupled
meteorology and air quality models. As one of the regions with the highest aerosol
loading in the world, Asia has attracted many researchers to investigate the
aerosol effects with several two-way coupled models (WRF-Chem, WRF-CMAQ,
GRAPES-CUACE, WRF-NAQPMS, and GATOR-GCMOM) over the last decade. This paper
attempts to offer a bibliographic analysis regarding the current status of
applications of two-way coupled models in Asia, related research focuses,
model performances, and the effects of ARI and/or ACI on meteorology and air
quality. There were a total of 160 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010
and 2019 in Asia meeting the inclusion criteria, with more than 79 % of
papers involving the WRF-Chem model. The number of relevant publications has
an upward trend annually, and East Asia, India, and China, as well as the North
China Plain are the most studied areas. The effects of ARI and both ARI and
ACI induced by natural aerosols (particularly mineral dust) and
anthropogenic aerosols (bulk aerosols, different chemical compositions, and
aerosols from different sources) are widely investigated in Asia. Through
the meta-analysis of surface meteorological and air quality variables
simulated by two-way coupled models, the model performance affected by
aerosol feedbacks depends on different variables, simulation time lengths,
selection of two-way coupled models, and study areas. Future research
perspectives with respect to the development, improvement, application, and
evaluation of two-way coupled meteorology and air quality models are
proposed.
Dayside magnetopause reconnection and flux transfer events under radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF): BepiColombo Earth-flyby observations
Authors: Sun Weijie , Slavin James A. , Nakamura Rumi , Heyner Daniel , Trattner Karlheinz J. , Mieth Johannes Z. D. , Zhao Jiutong , Zong Qiu-Gang , Aizawa Sae , Andre Nicolas , Saito Yoshifumi
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This study analyzes the flux transfer event (FTE)-type flux ropes and magnetic reconnection around the dayside magnetopause during BepiColombo's
Earth flyby. The magnetosheath has a high plasma β (∼ 8), and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has a significant radial component. Six flux ropes are identified around the magnetopause. The motion of flux ropes together with the maximum magnetic shear model suggests that the reconnection X-line possibly swipes BepiColombo near the magnetic equator due to an increase in the radial component of the IMF. The flux rope
with the highest flux content contains a clear coalescence signature, i.e., two smaller flux ropes merge, supporting theoretical predictions that the flux contents of flux ropes can grow through coalescence. The coalescence of the two FTE-type flux ropes takes place through secondary reconnection
at the point of contact between the two flux ropes. The BepiColombo measurements indicate a large normalized guide field and a reconnection rate
comparable to that measured at the magnetopause (∼ 0.1).
Assessing the impacts of agricultural managements on soil carbon stocks, nitrogen loss, and crop production – a modelling study in eastern Africa
Authors: Ma Jianyong , Rabin Sam S. , Anthoni Peter , Bayer Anita D. , Nyawira Sylvia S. , Olin Stefan , Xia Longlong , Arneth Almut
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Improved agricultural management plays a vital role in protecting soils from degradation in eastern Africa. Changing practices such as reducing
tillage, fertilizer use, or cover crops are expected to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, with climate change mitigation co-benefits, while
increasing crop production. However, the quantification of cropland management effects on agricultural ecosystems remains inadequate in this
region. Here, we explored seven management practices and their potential effects on soil carbon (C) pools, nitrogen (N) losses, and
crop yields under different climate scenarios, using the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. The model performance is evaluated against observations
from two long-term maize field trials in western Kenya and reported estimates from published sources. LPJ-GUESS generally produces soil C
stocks and maize productivity comparable with measurements and mostly captures the SOC decline under some management practices that is observed in
the field experiments. We found that for large parts of Kenya and Ethiopia, an integrated conservation agriculture practice (no-tillage, residue and
manure application, and cover crops) increases SOC levels in the long term (+11 % on average), accompanied by increased crop yields (+22 %)
in comparison to the conventional management. Planting nitrogen-fixing cover crops in our simulations is also identified as a promising individual
practice in eastern Africa to increase soil C storage (+4 %) and crop production (+18 %), with low environmental cost of N
losses (+24 %). These management impacts are also sustained in simulations of three future climate pathways. This study highlights the
possibilities of conservation agriculture when targeting long-term environmental sustainability and food security in crop ecosystems, particularly
for those with poor soil conditions in tropical climates.
A Bayesian sequential updating approach to predict phenology of silage maize
Authors: Viswanathan Michelle , Weber Tobias K. D. , Gayler Sebastian , Mai Juliane , Streck Thilo
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Crop models are tools used for predicting year-to-year
crop development on field to regional scales. However, robust predictions
are hampered by uncertainty in crop model parameters and in the data used
for calibration. Bayesian calibration allows for the estimation of model
parameters and quantification of uncertainties, with the consideration of
prior information. In this study, we used a Bayesian sequential updating
(BSU) approach to progressively incorporate additional data at a yearly
time-step in order to calibrate a phenology model (SPASS) while analysing changes in
parameter uncertainty and prediction quality. We used field measurements of
silage maize grown between 2010 and 2016 in the regions of Kraichgau and
the Swabian Alb in southwestern Germany. Parameter uncertainty and model
prediction errors were expected to progressively be reduced to a final,
irreducible value. Parameter uncertainty was reduced as expected with the
sequential updates. For two sequences using synthetic data, one in which the
model was able to accurately simulate the observations, and the other in
which a single cultivar was grown under the same environmental conditions,
prediction error was mostly reduced. However, in the true sequences that
followed the actual chronological order of cultivation by the farmers in the
two regions, prediction error increased when the calibration data were not
representative of the validation data. This could be explained by
differences in ripening group and temperature conditions during vegetative
growth. With implications for manual and automatic data streams and model
updating, our study highlights that the success of Bayesian methods for
predictions depends on a comprehensive understanding of the inherent structure in the observation data and of the model limitations.
Quantifying the impacts of the Three Gorges Dam on the spatial-temporal water level dynamics in the Yangtze River estuary
Authors: Cai Huayang , Yang Hao , Matte Pascal , Pan Haidong , Hu Zhan , Zhao Tongtiegang , Liu Guangliang
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Understanding the alterations in spatial-temporal water level dynamics caused by natural and anthropogenic changes is essential for water resources management in estuaries, as this can directly impact the estuarine morphology, sediment transport, salinity intrusion, navigation conditions, and other factors. Here, we propose a simple triple linear regression model linking the water level variation on a daily timescale to the hydrodynamics at both ends of an estuary. The model was applied to the Yangtze River estuary (YRE) for examining the influence of the world’s largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), on the spatial-temporal water level dynamics within the estuary. It is shown that the regression model can accurately reproduce the water level dynamics in the YRE, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.063–0.151 m seen at five gauging stations for both the pre- and post-TGD periods. This confirms the hypothesis that the response of water level dynamics to hydrodynamics at both ends is mostly linear in the YRE. The regression model calibrated during the pre-TGD period was used to reconstruct the water level dynamics that would have occurred in absence of the TGD's freshwater regulation. Results show that the spatial-temporal alterations in water levels during the post-TGD period are mainly driven by the variation in freshwater discharge due to the regulation of the TGD, which results in increased discharge during the dry season (from December to March) and a dramatic reduction in discharge during the wet-to-dry transitional period. The presented method to quantify the separate contributions made by changes in boundary conditions and geometry on spatial-temporal water level dynamics is particularly useful for determining scientific strategies for sustainable water resources management in dam-controlled estuaries worldwide.
3D geological modelling of igneous intrusions in LoopStructural v1.4.4
Authors: Alvarado-Neves Fernanda , Ailleres Laurent , Grose Lachlan , Cruden Alexander R. , Armit Robin
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Over the last two decades, there have been significant advances to improve the 3D modelling of geological structures by incorporating geological knowledge into the model algorithms. These methods take advantage of different structural data types and do not require manual processing, making them robust and objective. Igneous intrusions have received little attention in 3D modelling workflows, and there is no current method that ensures the reproduction of realistic intrusion shapes. Existing techniques are strongly dependent on the availability of data and manual processing to refine models. Intrusions are usually partly or totally covered, making the generation of realistic 3D models challenging without the modeller’s intervention. In this contribution, we present a method to stochastically model intrusions based on the Object-Distance Simulation Method. We adapted this method considering typical datasets and rules of intrusion emplacement mechanisms. Using the geometric elements of intrusions (inflation direction, propagation direction) and stochastic simulations of intrusion thickness, we can generate realistic intrusions shapes while honouring observations and accounting for the spatial variability in thickness. The method is tested in synthetic and real-world case studies and the results indicate that the method can reproduce expected geometries without manual processing. A comparison with Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation shows that our method can better reproduce intrusion shapes, particularly when considering scenarios with sparse datasets.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Snowfall Prediction Models in South Korea
Authors: Song Moon-Soo , Yun Hong-Sik , Lee Jae-Joon , Yum Sang-Guk
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Heavy snowfall is a natural disaster that causes extensive damage in South Korea. Therefore, it is crucial to predict snowfall occurrence and establish countermeasures to reduce the damage caused by heavy snowfall. In this study, the meteorological and geographic data of the past 30 years were collected, and four machine learning algorithms were used: multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), random forest regressor (RFR), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB). Subsequently, the performances of the machine learning algorithms were compared. Machine-learning algorithms were selected as regression models to predict heavy snowfall. Additionally, grid search and five-fold cross-validation techniques were used to improve learning performance. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted data. It was observed that the RFR model accurately predicted the occurrence of snowfall (R2 = 0.64) compared with other models with various statistical criteria. This result demonstrates the possibility of using the RFR model for heavy snowfall prediction. The proposed study can aid the government, local governments, and public institutions in developing strategies to respond to heavy snowfall in the fields of facilities, roads, and transportation.
A newly reconciled dataset for identifying sea level rise and variability in Dublin Bay
Authors: Shoari Nejad Amin , Parnell Andrew C. , Greene Alice , Thorne Peter , Kelleher Brian P. , Devoy Robert J. N. , McCarthy Gerard
Published: April 2022

Abstract. We provide an updated sea level dataset for Dublin for the period 1938–2016 at yearly resolution. Using a newly collated sea level record for Dublin Port, as well as two nearby tide gauges at Arklow and Howth Harbour, we perform data quality checks and calibration of the Dublin Port record by adjusting the biased high water level measurements that affect the overall calculation of mean sea level (MSL). To correct these MSL values, we use a novel Bayesian linear regression that includes the mean low water values as a predictor in the model. We validate the re-created MSL dataset and show its consistency with other nearby tide gauge datasets. Using our new corrected dataset, we estimate a rate of sea level rise of 1.1 mm yr−1 during 1953–2016 (95 % credible interval from 0.6 to 1.6 mm yr−1), and a rate of 7 mm yr−1 during 1997–2016 (95 % credible interval from 5 to 8.8 mm yr−1). The overall sea level rise is in line with expected trends, but large multidecadal variability has led to higher rates of rise in recent years.
A framework for simultaneous design of wind turbines and cable layout in offshore wind
Authors: Pérez-Rúa Juan-Andrés , Cutululis Nicolaos Antonio
Published: April 2022

Abstract. An optimization framework for simultaneous design of wind turbines (WTs) and cable layout for a collection system of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The typical approach used in both research and practical design is sequential, with an initial annual energy production (AEP) maximization, followed then by the collection system design. The sequential approach is robust and effective. However it fails to exploit the synergies between optimization blocks. Intuitively, one of the strongest trade-offs is between the WTs and cable layout, as they generally compete; i.e. spreading out WTs mitigates wake losses for larger AEP but also results in longer submarine cables in the collection system and higher costs. The proposed optimization framework implements a gradient-free optimization algorithm to smartly move the WTs within the project area subject to minimum distance constraint, while a fast heuristic algorithm is called in every function evaluation in order to calculate a cost estimation of the cable layout. In a final stage, a refined cable layout design is obtained by iteratively solving a mixed integer linear programme (MILP), modelling all typical engineering constraints of this particular problem. A comprehensive performance analysis of the cost estimation from the fast heuristic algorithm with respect to the exact model is carried out. The applicability of the method is illustrated through a large-scale real-world case study. Results shows that (i) the quality of the cable layout estimation is strongly dependent on the separation between WTs, where dense WT layouts present better performance parameters in terms of error, correlation, and computing time, and (ii) the proposed simultaneous design approach provides up to 6 % of improvement on the quality of fully feasible wind farm designs, and broadly, a statistically significant enhancement is ensured in spite of the stochasticity of the optimization algorithm.
Pola Komunikasi Politik Eksekutif dan Legislatif dalam Proses Pembangunan Kesejahteraan Rakyat
Authors: Zulhilmi Zulhilmi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to reveal the patterns of political communication practiced by the executive and parliament in developing communities' well-being in Aceh Tamiang Regency - Aceh Province, Indonesia. A qualitative approach was applied in collecting the data through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The finding of the study reported that the inhibiting factor for the political communication between the executive and the legislature was managing and negotiating the Regency Expenditure Budgeting. The formulation of the budgets always based on personal or political affairs - either the regent or the legislatures' businesses. Besides, the executive is always procrastinating work resulting in fatal mistakes for society. Even though the communication was intense, the most obvious misconception was the negligence of both parties in completing the budget documents that were to be submitted timely to the province. This problem is essentially the fault of the two institutions. The heedlessness they performed resulted in the loss of community welfare development funds, causing the Aceh Tamiang district to suffer losses in their physical and non-physical budgets for developing social welfare, well-being, and infrastructure development.
Pandangan Masyarakat Desa terhadap Dinamika Politik Pasca Pemilihan Gubernur Aceh 2017
Authors: Muzaffarsyah Teuku , Rahman Bobby , Zulhilmi Zulhilmi , Dameria Eny , Mahdi Mahdi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to understand and look closely political beliefs of the villagers in the North Aceh Regency after the 2017 gubernatorial election. A qualitative method was employed and the data were generated from written or spoken words from people and their behaviors. Observations and personal in-depth interviews were conducted to collect rigorous information from the informants at a village in the North Aceh district, Indonesia. The finding reported that the behavior of the community in responding to the political dynamics after the election for Governor of Aceh in 2017 continued to behave according to the conditions of a political party that they supported to achieve particular goals. Their responses were increasingly rational and willing to accept differences and participated based on shared awareness to build the nation so that they could feel the welfare of living in peace. The finding implies that societies now can no longer be lied to with irrational promises from the politicians during the political campaign. People are now becoming intelligent and rational in the political election because they have learned lessons from numerous political blunders in the past.
Normative Data of Anterior Chamber Volume in Normal Indian Adults by Pentacam
Authors: . Shubhrica , Tomar Swati
Published: April 2022

The present study was conducted in 250 normal Indian subjects (500 eyes) of either sex to assess anterior chamber volume (ACV) to establish normal values in the adult Indian population without any eye disease for reference for future studies. The ACV was assessed by using pentacam. ACV was found to be 164±27.75 mm3. There was no significant difference in ACV values of right and left eyes (p=0.6839). ACV values were not comparable with different studies due to variation in ethnicity of various countries.

Keywords: Normative Data, Anterior Chamber Volume, Normal Indian Adults, Pentacam.
Use of Flavonoids and Green Tea Extracts as Antioxidants Induced by Oxidative Stress:
A Review Article
Authors: R. Mahmood Abdulrahman , Abdullah Mohamad R. , S. Khalaf Husam
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to shed light on the importance of medicinal plants, especially those that have extracts that have a direct effect on human health. The study and identification of botany is necessary because human life has become closely linked to the life of plants as food . In addition to using plants as food, primitive man did not stop at this point, but rather developed their use to hunt prey and also used toxic plant materials in wars. With the passage of time, the ancient man was able to link the wild plants that cover the surface of the earth and the diseases that afflict him, so he used these plants or Parts of it are for treatment. A medicinal plant is defined as one or more of its parts that contain one or more chemicals in a small or large concentration and can treat one or more specific diseases or reduce the symptoms of infection if they depend on this plant part in its natural form or through chemicals effective extracted from it. green tea)Camellia Sinensis (is one of the most important natural herbs used in this field, because its chemical compounds contain beneficial effects for the body, such as its anti-inflammatory, anti-decay, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant effects . Flavonoids play a very important role in many extracts and medical preparations and their wide use in pharmacology. They are among the high-voltage compounds that can stimulate the activities of some enzymes and can change the behavior and function of a wide range of cellular systems due to their characteristics an antioxidant; it has the action of capturing free radicals, especially hydroxyl radical . It has a high ability against free radicals that cause many diseases, as it has a protective effect on blood vessels, arteriosclerosis and hepatocytes. It also shows anti-inflammatory, allergic, gastric ulcer activity and burning fat as it has significant anti-tumor activity. We conclude from this study that green tea and some plants that contain in their extracts phenolic compounds (flavonoids) play a major role in reducing the severity of common diseases, in addition to being a good antioxidant.

Keywords: Green tea, Flavonoids, Antioxidants, Free Radicals.
The Importance of Understanding the Risk Factors for TIA
Authors: Wardani Indah Kusuma
Published: April 2022

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor ischemic stroke are associated with brain dysfunction in a circumscribed area caused by a regional reduction in blood flow (i.e., ischemia), resulting in transient or minor observable clinical symptoms. We reported a case study of a female patient with a TIA with symptoms of dizziness, weakness of the left limb, and tingling for about 30 minutes. She was admitted to the emergency room and underwent several tests, including ECG, CT scan, and laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis. The patient probability of stroke infarct was determined by the ABCD2 score. Through ABCD2 score, the patient had 4.1% probability of Ischemic stroke without looking at the imaging features on a CT scan or MRI. By knowing the risk factors of TIA, the patient was suggested to modify lifestyle to prevent the occurrence of TIA due to TIA can be an early sign of ischemic stroke.

Keywords: TIA, risk factors of TIA, TIA’s risk stratification.
Ethical Aspects in Media towards Children in Armed Conflict
Authors: Farouq Alzubi Dr. Solafah
Published: April 2022

The study aimed to identify the moral role that the media plays towards children during armed conflicts. This study is considered as one of the descriptive studies using the content analysis method. The sample used by the researcher was determined using the class method for the year (2015) with a period of (3 months) Which represents the time sample, while the volume of media reports that were analyzed reached (887) media reports distributed over the period , and the study yielded the following results: -

The topic of "International Humanitarian Law" was number one onthe list of topics with 22.2%, Followed by the second position of the Commission on Human Rights with 12.2%.
the study results indicate that the international news agencies were first ranked among all sources with (49.6%), Followed by agencies+channel sources with (22.6%).
The written news reports are the type used by theAl Arabiya website in its coverage of the ethical aspects in the media about Yemen children during armed conflict with (62.1%).
Keywords: Media Ethics, Armed Conflict, News Reports, Al Arabiya Channel.
Mental Harassment at Workplace: Are We Aware?
Authors: Ahmed Jasmine Sultana
Published: April 2022

Mental harassment at the workplaces is an abuse and inflicted invisible wound that a person experiences and is not blatantly visible. This case study is to give an insight about mental harassment in the workplaces and its short term and long term damage to the psychological and physical health of the sufferer. It is presenting the lack of awareness on mental harassment in the workplaces and workplace’s negligence towards harassment culture. Mental harassment at the workplaces is mostly studied under quantitative methods. However, the objective of this study is to reveal a unique and individual experience of a mental health professional who has undergone mental harassment at the workplace.

Keywords: Mental harassment at workplace, awareness, case study.
Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria: A Search and Initiative in a Post-Modern Tradition
Authors: Nwaokugha Douglas O.
Published: April 2022

There is a trend in recent times where graduates roam streets in search of jobs that do not exist and this development is compounded by the fact that these graduates passed through educational institutions that did not equip them with skills. As a way of overcoming this challenge, there has been emphasis on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. Using social constructivism and the philosophical methods, this paper identifies and discusses this current thinking as a search and initiative in a postmodern tradition. The paper makes suggestions and recommendations, part of which is that societies should see themselves as being capable of contributing meaningfully to the development of humanity, that societies should incorporate those elements of functionalism that prioritize the acquisition of skills as well as retain practices of high value in one’s culture and society especially those that can banish unemployment into their present educational provisions.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Education, Postmodern, Postmodernism, Nigeria.
Role of the State in Protecting Labor Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indonesian Legal Studies
Authors: Syahyu Yulianto
Published: April 2022

This article aims to examine the policies taken by the State, in this case the Government and what the government should do in order to protect the rights of Indonesian workers during the covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is normative juridical by reviewing the applicable laws and regulations. The results of the study indicate that in terms of protection of workers, steps or policies taken by the government are to issue several regulations as firm steps regarding legal protection efforts for workers and their implementation for workers. In addition to regulations and technical rules that are regulated for workers during the covid-19 pandemic, the government has also issued several policies to cope with the impact of covid-19, namely in the form of social policies that are expected to be felt directly for the workforce.

Keywords: Rights Protection, Manpower, State, Covid-19.