bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reform of Application-Oriented Talent Training Mode for College Costume Performance Major
Authors: Guo Zhiwei
Published: July 2020

The sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading. The negative growth of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei was caused by the sales expense exceeding the budget, the serious redundancy of employees, the ineffective operation scale and the pure technology investment. In order to boost the confidence of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province, the management method must be improved, introducing the advanced concept, promoting reform and innovation of sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province, to achieve the efficient allocation of industry resources and comprehensive agglomeration, information resources and the advantage of manpower, material resources and financial resources, to ensure that the technical progress and industry management level are matched, thus to promote the long-term development of the sports goods manufacturing industry in Hubei province and sustainable development.
Tectônica em Edifícios Reabilitados na Obra de Norman Foster
Authors: Pantoja Mafalda Fabiene Ferreira , Póvoas Rui Humberto Costa de Fernandes , Pantoja João da Costa , Moura Beatriz Reis Cunha
Published: July 2020

Pensar a cidade contemporânea como um organismo vivo e dinâmico, que necessita de respostas às demandas atuais se faz necessário e urgente. Os arquitetos, engenheiros e planejadores discutem, cada vez mais, as dinâmicas sociais, ambientais e econômicas em um contexto integrado. O presente trabalho apresenta a teoria tectônica, alicerçada em um tripé analítico composto pela: concepção, materialidade e técnica, a fim de ser aplicada como metodologia operativa para leitura e identificação do processo de projeto voltado à reabilitação de edifícios no contexto urbano. Inicialmente, buscar-se-á identificar como os parâmetros da vertente tectônica na arquitetura, alicerçada no tripé mencionado, podem servir de base interpretativa para intervenções em edifícios urbanos, com olhar voltado também para as questões tecnológicas sustentáveis que permeiam o discurso na contemporaneidade. Posteriormente, a metodologia será aplicada em estudos de casos de edifícios reabilitados e requalificados na obra do arquiteto Norman Foster. O objetivo é averiguar se os exemplos respondem às questões urbanas contemporâneas voltadas à defesa do patrimônio, preservação, reabilitação, e atendimento às preocupações das gerações futuras. Busca-se como resultado, a identificação da tectônica como ferramenta do projeto multidisciplinar, com foco na reabilitação do patrimônio, em um campo emergente que alie e respeite passado, presente e futuro.
Instrumentação para medições na escala microclimática:
Authors: Bustos Romero Marta Adriana , Azevedo de Lima Erondina , Werneck Daniela , Pazos Valmor
Published: July 2020

O monitoramento da temperatura do ar, entre outras variáveis microclimáticas, é fundamental para o entendimento da distribuição de temperatura em escala compatível com a do espaço urbano. Na cidade, os pedestres experimentam condições microclimáticas variáveis a curtas distâncias, sujeito às variações tanto de conforto quanto ao desconforto ambiental, em particular o térmico. O aquecimento do ambiente urbano revela-se, então, como uma oportunidade para estudos multidisciplinares que, neste trabalho, é explorado visando contextualizar o ensino de arquitetura, urbanismo e de física com a temática do clima urbano. Por meio de uma pesquisa, em andamento desde 2019, foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Sustentabilidade aplicada na Arquitetura e no Urbanismo – LaSUS um protótipo de mochila micrometeorológica para medições em campo baseada na plataforma Arduino. Um protótipo foi projetado, testado e, quando finalizado, foi denominado Mochila Bioclimática. Os resultados reforçam o valor da integração das diferentes áreas de conhecimentos para projeto, construção, teste e validação do protótipo visando uma alternativa replicável de baixo custo para o estudo do campo térmico na cidade.
A Influência da Ponderação na Avaliação do Grau de Criticidade em Edificações de Múltiplos Pavimentos Via Inspeção Predial
Authors: Pantoja João , Prado Novais Moura Sara , Varum Humberto , Caied Samir
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir o uso de variáveis de ponderações sobre os elementos de uma edificação de múltiplos pavimentos com base em resultados da inspeção. Para este estudo, foi realizada uma comparação entre: a ponderação de criticidade a partir da média aritmética, a ponderação com base nos níveis de criticidade, porém este afetado pelo custo de recuperação e por importância do elemento. Essa discussão é de grande valia, pois os resultados apresentados poderão nortear as decisões dos proprietários e gestores sobre como manejar a verba orçamentária, sobre as obras de reparação e de correção das patologias. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma edificação residencial tipo pilotis, localizada na cidade de Brasília, construída em 1973, em concreto armado, composta por 6 pavimentos. Na coleta de dados foi feita a inspeção predial com registro fotográfico e croquis, e ensaios semi-destrutivos. Verificou-se que utilizando a norma holandesa para inspeção predial, com base nos níveis de criticidade, a edificação teve seu grau de criticidade em todas as formas de ponderação classificados em um estado geral como "razoável". Outros critérios também podem ser utilizados, aplicados e comparados em trabalhos futuros.
O ecossistema urbano da ocupação Santa Luzia
Authors: Silva Rezende Vinícius , Souza de Andrade Liza Maria , Evangelista Rodrigues Sarah , Phellipe Pomares Pereira Ítalo , Lemos Natália da Silva
Published: July 2020

A ocupação informal Santa Luzia, nas proximidades do Parque Nacional de Brasília, está inserida na microbacia hidrográfica da cabeceira do Córrego Cabeceira do Acampamento, a qual define seu Ecossistema Urbano. O Governo do Distrito Federal busca realocar a população ocupante da região com proposta de projeto de habitação social linear com 3,2 km de extensão como medida mitigatória, pressionado pelo Ministério Público do DF e Territórios que acusa o aumento de impactos ambientais na região. A fim de defender a manutenção da população no local foi realizado um inventário ecológico simplificado com dados espaciais acerca de aspectos sócio-econômico-ambientais da microbacia hidrográfica e foram indicadas melhorias segundo as Soluções Baseadas na Natureza. O mapeamento incluiu análises tipo NDVI; Tipo de Solos; Relevo; Declividade; Risco de perda do solo por erosão, Risco de contaminação; Tipos de vegetação; e Grau de impermeabilização do solo. O resultado do inventário demonstrou que o impacto ambiental gerado pela ocupação é menor que as áreas adjacentes, sendo um cenário positivo incluir a população no processo de regeneração com pequenas adequações e alterações, principalmente sensíveis à água baseadas na visão dos serviços ecossistêmicos ao tratamento de efluentes em nível paisagístico de tratamento; de fonte de recurso, adequação vegetação.
Adiposity and Leukocyte Telomere Length in US Adults by Sex-Specific Race/Ethnicity: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Davis Sharon K. , Xu Ruihua , Khan Rumana J. , Gaye Amadou
Published: July 2020

Objective: Little is known about the rela­tionship between adiposity and telomere length in the United States population. The objective of our research was to examine this relationship in a representative, socio­economically and sex-specific, diverse ra­cial/ethnic population in the United States.Design: Cross-sectional.Methods: Body mass index (BMI), % total body fat (TBF) and waist circumference (WC) with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) were examined according to sex-specific race/ethnicity using separate adjusted mul­tivariate linear regressions on a sample of 4,919 respondents aged 20-84 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examina­tion Survey’s 1999-2002 data.Results: LTL was shortened .41%, .44%, and .16% in African American (AA) women and was associated with increasing BMI, %TBF, and WC, (β:-.0041, 95%CI: -.0070, -.0012; P=.007; β:-.0044, 95% CI: -.0081, -.0007; P=.02; β:-.0016, 95%CI: -.0031, -.0001; P=.04, respectively). LTL was shortened .29% in White women and was associated with increasing %TBF (β:-.0029, 95%CI: -.0048, -.0009; P=.006). There were no associations among AA men, White men or Mexican American men and women.Conclusions: LTL is associated with an obesity phenotype in AA women. Tailored intervention is needed to ameliorate the burden of excess adiposity and subsequent cellular aging. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):441-450; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.441
Sociodemographic Disparities in the Tobacco Retail Environment in Washington, DC: A Spatial Perspective
Authors: Anesetti-Rothermel Andrew , Herman Peter , Bennett Morgane , English Ned , Cantrell Jennifer , Schillo Barbara , Hair Elizabeth C. , Vallone Donna M.
Published: July 2020

Objective: Studies assessing sociodemo­graphic disparities in the tobacco retail envi­ronment have relied heavily on non-spatial analytical techniques, resulting in potentially misleading conclusions. We utilized a spatial analytical framework to evaluate neighbor­hood sociodemographic disparities in the tobacco retail environment in Washington, DC (DC) and the DC metropolitan statistical area (DC MSA).Methods: Retail tobacco availability for DC (n=177) and DC MSA (n=1,428) census tract was assessed using adaptive-bandwidth kernel density estimation. Density surfaces were constructed from DC (n=743) and DC MSA (n=4,539) geocoded tobacco retailers. Sociodemographics were obtained from the 2011-2015 American Community Survey. Spearman’s correlations between sociodemographics and retail density were computed to account for spatial autocorre­lation. Bivariate and multivariate spatial lag models were fit to predict retail density.Results: DC and DC MSA neighborhoods with a higher percentage of Hispanics were positively correlated with retail density (rho = .3392, P = .0001 and rho = .1191, P = .0000, respectively). DC neighbor­hoods with a higher percentage of African Americans were negatively correlated with retail density (rho = -.3774, P = .0000). This pattern was not significant in DC MSA neighborhoods. Bivariate and multivariate spatial lag models found a significant inverse relationship between the percentage of African Americans and retail density (Beta = -.0133, P = .0181 and Beta = -.0165, P = .0307, respectively).Conclusions: Associations between neighborhood sociodemographics and retail density were significant, although findings regarding African Americans are inconsistent with previous findings. Future studies should analyze other geographic areas, and account for spatial autocorrela­tion within their analytic framework. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(3):479-488; doi:10.18865/ed.30.3.479
DETERMINAÇÃO DA ERODIBILIDADE DO SOLO POR MEIO DE DOIS MÉTODOS INDIRETOS EM UMA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA NA REGIÃO SUL DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS, BRASIL
Authors: Duarte Miqueias Lima , Silva Filho Eliomar Pereira da , Brito Wildson Benedito Mendes , Silva Tatiana Acácio da
Published: July 2020

A erosão hídrica é um dos principais problemas da agricultura em todo o mundo. Ela é responsável pelo transporte de sedimentos que causam problemas à qualidade e quantidade de água em rios e reservatórios, perda de nutrientes e matéria orgânica do solo, causando prejuízos diretos à produção agropecuária e ao meio ambiente. Este trabalho avaliou a erodibilidade dos solos na bacia hidrográfica do rio Juma, no sul do estado do Amazonas, por meio de dois métodos indiretos, e quais são os atributos do solo que mais contribuem com a erodibilidade na área. Foram identificadas oito classes de solos, nas quais efetuaram-se coletas representativas de forma aleatória, e realizadas análises físicas e químicas do solo. Em seguida, foram executadas análises de regressão múltipla e espacialização dos dados por meio da interpolação por krigagem com uso do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). Verificou-se que os índices de erodibilidade obtidos por ambos os métodos foram fortemente influenciados pelos extremos texturais (areia e/ou silte), entretanto, o método de Denardin apresentou resultados mais adequados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que existe predominância de moderada erodibilidade do solo na área de estudo, bem como alta e muito alta erodibilidade no entorno dos principais cursos hídricos associados a solos de origem aluvial.
Conséquences digestives et zootechniques des variations de la vitesse de digestion de l’amidon chez les ruminants
Authors: SAUVANT D.
Published: July 2020

Une base de données publiées dans la littérature comprenant 52 comparaisons entre des régimes à amidon rapidement ou lentement dégradables dans le rumen a été constituée. Cette base a été traitée avec les méthodes statistiques appropriées pour permettre de dégager des modèles de réponses de la digestion dans le rumen et des performances animales aux variations de la vitesse de digestion ruminale de l’amidon.
Une baisse de la vitesse de digestion de l’amidon réduit la teneur du régime en matière organique fermentescible et la croissance microbienne induite. Cependant, l’efficacité de la croissance microbienne ne semble pas être affectée. Avec des sources d’amidon lentement digestible, le pH du rumen et la proportion d’acétate sont plus élevées tandis que la proportion et la concentration du propionate sont plus basses. Avec ces régimes, il y a en outre une chute systématique de la digestibilité de l’amidon et de la matière organique dans l’ensemble du tube digestif. La densité énergétique du régime suit donc la même tendance.
Neuf des publications utilisées comprenaient une combinaison factorielle des vitesses de dégradation ruminale de l’amidon et de l’azote. Il n’est pas apparu d’interaction entre ces deux paramètres sur l’ensemble des résultats considérés.
Une décroissance de la vitesse de digestion de l’amidon est accompagnée d’un accroissement systématique du niveau de matière sèche ingérée. Une analyse spécifique des essais conduits sur vaches laitières confirme la tendance et montre que la production de lait brut n’est pas modifiée par la vitesse de digestion de l’amidon. Cependant les teneurs du lait en matière grasse et en protéines sont respectivement et significativement accrues et diminuées quand les sources d’amidon lentement digestibles sont comparées à des rapides.
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Dana bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau dalam Bidang Kesehatan di Kota Surakarta Tahun 2018
Authors: Wulandari Febry , Waluyo Waluyo
Published: July 2020

This study describes the application of Tobacco Excise Revenue Funds in Surakarta City and reviews the Efficiency of Use of Tobacco Excise Revenue Sharing Funds specifically in the Health sector in Surakarta City on 2018. This study is normative legal research, applies to provide an assessment that allows to be applied to conclusions that have been taken. This study uses a syllogism method with a deductive mindset. Primary legal material is a regulation that applies authoritatively, secondary legal material consists of books, legal journals, scientific articles and relevant research results and non-legal material consisting of interviews. The technique of receiving legal material in this legal discussion uses document studies and interviews. This study shows that issuing Profit Sharing Funds for Tobacco Excise in Surakarta City in the Health Sector on 2018 is in accordance with Law Number 39 of 2007 and PMK 222/PMK.07/2017 and has run quite effectively starting from financial performance and realization of program activities even though technical and juridical constraints.

 

Keywords: Excise Revenue Funds, Tobacco, Health, Surakarta City.
Jaminan Perlindungan yang Berkeadilan bagi Tenaga Kerja Difabel Akibat Kecelakaan Kerja
Authors: Pratiwi Ayu Dian , Triwahyudi Pius
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine the suitability of the protection provided by business actors to workers with disabilities due to workplace accidents with Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning labor and other regulations relating to the protection of disabled workers. This study is a normative legal research that is prescriptive with statute approach and conseptual approach. Legal materials used include primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection techniques used are library studies, Cyber media, and field studies to directly clarify with BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Surakarta and PT. PLN Surakarta. The results of the study showed that the protection of disabled workers due to workplace accidents at PT. PLN Surakarta has not been fully implemented equitably. The companies in Surakarta have been cooperative enough to implement statutory provisions that prohibit the dismissal of workers for being disabled or sick due to workplace accidents, but this company has no special training and facilities provided to disabled workers, and in terms of employee recruitment also requires prospective employees to have complete physical conditions. In fact, with the different physical conditions (disabilities) after workplace accidents, the company should provide special training and facilities to support the physical shortcomings of workers as a form of responsibility. The law such as Constitution of 1945, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Labor and other related regulations are sufficiently complete in regulating the protection of rights for disabled workers, but in its implementation have not been fully implemented by business actors

Keywords: Equitable Protection, Disabled Workers, Workplace Accident.
Analisa Kebijakan Hukum Lingkungan dalam Pengelolaan Pestisida
Authors: Andesgur Ivnaini
Published: July 2020

In the modern era, the use of pesticides has become an inseparable part of the activities of farmers and the agricultural sector. However, pesticides are toxic and dangerous (B3) chemicals and include persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which have a negative impact on human health and the environment. This research is a doctrinal / normative legal research with a statutory approach. Data collected by library research, then analyzed qualitatively. There are several laws and regulations that have a correlation with the management of pesticides in Indonesia, namely Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and several other laws / regulations. Law enforcement in pesticide management refers to 3 legal systems which are a combination of components, namely structure, substance, and culture. Besides that related to law enforcement in the management of pesticides can be studied from two sides, namely preventive and repressive law enforcement. Law enforcement in the management of pesticides has also become an embodiment of the central and regional governments in reducing the negative impact of pesticides on human health and the environment with the aim of raising awareness for the community as users, manufacturing plants, and the government that grants production permits for a good and healthy environment. .

 

Keywords: Law Enforcement, Pesticides, Health and Environment.
Aspek Hukum Import Sampah Plastik
Authors: Estikomah Solikah Ana
Published: July 2020

Indeveloped countriesbannedtoxic waste began to be recorded afterproved disastrous. In addition there isa gap for the cost of treating waste plastic in the developed countries anddeveloping countries. The high cost ofwastewater treatmentin plastic developed countries in part due to the high cost of compliance and strict law. In contrast, the low cost sewage treatment plastic  in developing countriesdue to the lack of law enforcement. On the other hand, as a result of the construction waste requires complextechnology for processing and finaldisposal of hazardous materials is increasingly narrows with increasingawareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection. Waste-producing countries plastic  and then look for the easiestand cheapest way to dispose of waste. Poor countries thatare developing targeted for regulation lingkungannnyastill weak. The existence of import export plastic  waste between advanced and developing countries may be said to have lastedlong enough for the re-emergence of international public awareness of thedangers of pollution is industrial waste. The analysis research was conducted in a juridical-normative manner based on literature study

Keywords: Waste, law, plastic, import

 
The Missing Piece: A Subtrochanteric Hip Fracture Presenting with Abdominal Pain
Authors: Small Ilan , Efrati Rami , Agar Gabriel , Keidan Tomer , Bar Ziv Yaron , Shohat Noam
Published: July 2020

Case:

A 33-year-old man presented with acute abdominal and left hip pain after being struck by a motor vehicle. Radiographs revealed a comminuted left subtrochanteric femoral fracture. Computed tomography demonstrated a large pelvic hematoma and a radiopaque mass in the abdomen. Laparoscopy revealed the mass to be a large bone fragment lying within the greater omentum. The bone fragment, which seemed to be a femoral fracture fragment, was removed, and the fracture was repaired with a short cephalomedullary nail.

Conclusion:

Rarely, subtrochanteric fracture fragments can penetrate the pelvis or abdomen because of high-energy trauma. Recognizing this possibility is important to assure a correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Surgical Site Gout 12 Years After an Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Giani Vincent C. , Gutteling Edward
Published: July 2020

Case:

We report a 58-year-old woman with no history of gout who subsequently developed gouty tophi around retained suture material identified 12 ½ years after repair of a ruptured Achilles tendon. The patient had intermittently developed an apparent postsurgical infection at and around the incision site. She had normal uric acid levels.

Conclusions:

The diagnosis of gout was not confirmed until surgical exploration was performed 12 ½ years after the initial surgery. Awareness of such a rare incidence of surgical site gout would help clinicians in their management decisions.
La vertiente antropofágica de Ferreira Gullar
Authors: Araujo Pereira Diana
Published: July 2020

Este  trabajo  tiene  por  objetivo  acercar  la  poética  del  brasileño Ferreira Gullar a una vertiente de la poesía crítica muy  productiva  en  América  Latina, que  está  involucrada  en los procesos sociohistóricos del continente, y en particular a la poética del peruano Antonio Cisneros. También busca vincular ambas poéticas a toda una genealogía derivada de los proyectos vanguardistas de Brasil y el Perú, a través de una breve incursión por la antropofagia.
Los significantes de la narratividad en busca de una conciencia histórica en la poesía de Juan L. Ortiz
Authors: Vottero Beatriz
Published: July 2020

El  poeta  argentino  Juan  Laurentino  Ortiz  es  autor  de una extensa obra en verso que revela su afición a los símbolos  para  desarrollar  una  poética  de  la  esperanza  en  un  contexto de injusticia social que hace necesaria una revolución. Desde una mirada hermenéutica nos aproximamos  al extenso poema «Las colinas», sobre la hipótesis de que ese  marco  epocal  aparece  narrativizado  desde  una  conciencia histórica. Trabajamos con la categoría de narratividad que propone Paul Ricoeur, así como con el concepto de  mímesis,  propuesto  en  Tiempo  y  narración,  que  posibilita  no  solamente  la  legibilidad  de  un  discurso,  sino  su  interpretación en la escala moral. De este modo, la lectura hermenéutica nos permite amalgamar la dimensión socio-histórica  con  la  simbología  de  la  refundación  provocada  por la conjunción de los cuatro elementos fundamentales: agua, fuego, aire y tierra en una acción política con significado de restauración ontológica
Drawdown-Management and Fracture-Spacing Optimization in the Meramec Formation: Numerical- and Economics-Based Approach
Authors: Almasoodi Mouin , Vaidya Ravi , Reza Zulfiquar
Published: July 2020

Optimal spacing between fracture clusters has eluded reservoir and completions engineers since the inception of multistage hydraulic fracturing. Very small fracture spacing could result in fracture to fracture (intrawell) interference and a higher completion cost, whereas very large fracture spacing could lead to inefficient hydrocarbon recovery, which is detrimental to the well economics.

Meramec Formation has moved to full-field development, and multiple wells are put on production in a relatively short time. Depending on the desired economic metric, net present value (NPV), or rate of return (ROR), the magnitude of intrawell interference can be optimized by adjusting fracture spacing. For instance, if the objective is to maximize ROR, then tighter fracture spacing can be accepted.

Furthermore, petroleum economics are often ignored in simulation studies, particularly the concepts of time value of money and oil-price sensitivity. This has led to a knowledge gap in identifying optimal drawdown procedure and fracture spacing from numerical models. This study proposes a framework that integrates petroleum economics with simulation results to optimize a horizontal well from the Meramec Formation. On the basis of this framework, we identified optimal drawdown procedure and fracture spacing. Then, oil-pricing sensitivity analysis was conducted to illustrate the effect of oil-price volatility on design parameters.

Moreover, this study investigates the relative contribution of reservoir and completions characteristics with regard to short- and long-term well performance. These characteristics include drawdown management, fracture spacing, pressure-dependent permeability, critical gas saturation, and petrophysical properties. Available geologic data were integrated to construct a geologic model that is used to history match a well from the Meramec Formation. The geologic model covers an area of 640 acres that encompasses a multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal well. The well is unique because it is unbounded and has more than 2 years of continuous production without being disturbed by offset operations.

Findings suggest that the drawdown strategy (aggressive vs. conservative) has more effect on short-term oil productivity than fracture spacing. Drawdown strategy even has more of an effect on short-term oil recovery than does a 20% error in porosity, or water saturation. Furthermore, the profile of the producing-gas/oil ratio (GOR) depends on completions efficiency, and it has been interpreted using linear-flow theory.
Challenges of acute peritoneal dialysis in extremely-low-birth-weight infants: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Noh Jihyun , Kim Chae Young , Jung Euiseok , Lee Joo Hoon , Park Young-Seo , Lee Byong Sop , Kim Ellen Ai-Rhan , Kim Ki-Soo
Published: July 2020

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used occasionally in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ELBW infants with AKI treated with PD.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of ELBW infants with AKI, who underwent PD from January 2008 to February 2018, were reviewed. A PD catheter (7.5–9.0 Fr) or central venous catheter (4 Fr) was used for the peritoneal access. Treatment with PD solutions (2.5 or 4.25%) was started at 10 mL/kg, which was increased to 20–30 mL/kg for 60–120 min/cycle continuing for 24 hours.Results: Twelve ELBW infants (seven male and five female infants) were treated, and their mean gestational age and birth weight were 27.2 (±3.3) weeks and 706.5 (±220.5) g, respectively. Two patients had severe perinatal asphyxia (5-min Apgar score ≤ 3). The most important indication for starting PD was AKI due to sepsis. The average duration of PD was 9.4 (± 7.7) days. The potassium levels in the ELBW infants with hyperkalemia decreased from 6.8 to 5.0 mg/mL after 9.3 (± 4.4) days. The most common complication of PD was mechanical dysfunction of the catheters, such as dialysate leakage (75 %). Two patients were successful weaned off PD. The mortality rate of the infants treated with PD was 91.7 %.Conclusions: The mortality rate of ELBW infants with AKI treated with PD is quite high because their organ system is not completely developed. Therefore, the use of PD should be carefully considered for the treatment of ELBW infants with AKI in terms of decisions regarding resuscitation.
Delivery of a Mental Health First Aid training package and staff peer support service in secondary schools: A process evaluation of uptake and fidelity of the WISE intervention
Authors: Fisher Harriet , Harding Sarah , Bell Sarah , Copeland Lauren , Evans Rhiannon , Powell Jillian , Araya Ricardo , Campbell Rona , Ford Tamsin , Gunnell David , Murphy Simon , Kidger Judi
Published: July 2020

Background: Improving children and young people’s provision for mental health is a current health priority in England. Secondary school teachers have worse mental health outcomes than the general working population, which the Wellbeing in Secondary Education (WISE) cluster randomised controlled trial aimed to improve. The WISE intervention comprised a Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training package to at least 16 percent of staff, a short mental health awareness session to all teachers, and development of a staff peer-support service. Twenty-five schools were randomised to intervention or control arms. This paper reports findings regarding the extent of uptake and fidelity of the intervention, drawn from a wider process evaluation reported elsewhere. Methods: Mixed methods data collection comprised researcher observations of training delivery, training participant evaluation forms, trainer and peer supporter interviews, peer supporter feedback meetings, logs of support provided, and teacher questionnaires. Quantitative data were summarised descriptively, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Results: In the 12 schools assigned to the intervention arm, 113 (8.6%) staff completed the two-day standard MHFA training course, and a further 146 (11.1%) staff completed the one-day MHFA for Schools and Colleges training. In seven (58.3%) schools the required eight percent of staff completed the MHFA training packages. A one-hour mental health awareness raising session was attended by 666 (54.5%) staff. Delivery of the MHFA training package was achieved with high levels of fidelity and quality across schools. All schools set up the peer-support service following training, with a majority adhering to most of the operational guidelines developed from the pilot study at the outset. Teachers reported limited use of the peer support service during follow-up. At the one year follow up, only three (25.0%) schools indicated they had re-advertised the service and there was evidence of a reduction in support from senior leadership. Conclusion: The MHFA training package was delivered with reasonably high fidelity, and a staff peer support service was established with general, but not complete, adherence to guidelines. In some schools insufficient staff received MHFA training and levels of delivery of the peer support service compromised intervention dose and reach.
The regulatory role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway in the mechanisms of tooth eruption in patients with impacted teeth
Authors: Brodetska Ludmila , Natrus Larysa , Lisakovska Olha , Kaniura Olexandr , Iakovenko Liudmyla , Skrypnyk Irina , Flis Petro
Published: July 2020

Background: Tooth impaction is a common problem in orthodontic practice and in some cases accompanied by pain and pathological changes of surrounding teeth. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tooth impaction allows finding the most effective orthodontic treatment for patients with impacted teeth (IT). RANK (receptor activator of NF-κB) / RANKL (RANK ligand) / OPG (osteoprotegerin) signaling pathway controls bone resorption and may be involved in the regulation of tooth eruption. The study aimed to evaluate bone remodeling based on the assessment of the RANKL/RANK/OPG status in patients with IT. Methods: Bone samples from 18 patients (mean age 25.27±3.34) were divided into 3 groups: 1 – bone tissue of healthy persons (control group); 2 – bone tissue, that was taken near the healthy tooth in patients with tooth impaction; 3 – bone tissue, that was collected near the IT. Levels of RANKL, RANK, OPG, osteocalcin (OC), NF-κB p65, NFATc1, and caspase-3 were determined by western blotting. The difference between groups was assessed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We established a 1.73-fold elevation of RANK level in the IT area vs. control, indicating the recruitment of preosteoclasts. An increase in RANKL, OPG, and OC content was demonstrated (1.46-, 1.48-, and 1.42-fold respectively), reflecting the high activity of osteoblasts near the IT. Despite the activation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the impaction area, NF-κB and NFATc1 levels did not change compared vs. control, indicating a blocked/delayed process of osteoclastogenesis. We found a decrease in the content of procaspase-3 (1.28-fold), while the level of its active form p17 increased by 2.26 folds near the healthy tooth in patients with IT compared with control. In the area of ​​IT, we observed an increase in procaspase-3 and p17 levels (1.32- and 1.78-fold). This reflects impairments of caspase-3 activation and accumulation of its inactive form in the IT area that may contribute to the tooth eruption failure. Conclusions: Tooth impaction may be associated with the disturbances in the caspase-3 cascade activation and the imbalance in the RANKL/RANK/OPG system, and as a result, blocked bone resorption.
Case report on a swift shift in uropathogens from Shigella Flexneri to Escherichia Coli: a thin line between bacterial persistence and reinfection.
Authors: Tufon Kukwah Anthony , Yolande Fokam Djike Puepi , Kouanou Youmbi Sylvain , Meriki Henry Dilonga
Published: July 2020

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are mostly caused by bacteria. Urine cultures are usually a definitive measure to select the appropriate antibiotics for the elimination of a uropathogen and subsequent recovery from the infection. However, the preferred antibiotics as determined by urine culture and sensitivity may still not eliminate the infection and would require further examination to ascertain the cause of treatment failure which could be unresolved bacteriuria, bacterial persistence, immediate reinfection with a different uropathogen or misdiagnosis.Case presentation: A 2-years 7 months-old female was admitted in the Regional hospital of Buea following persistent fever. An auto medication with amoxicillin was reported. Urinalysis was done on the first day and the sediment of the cloudy urine revealed many bacteria and few pus cells. Ceftriaxone was prescribed as empirical treatment and a request for urine and blood culture was made. Three days after admission, the temperature and CRP were 39.0°c and 96 mg/l respectively. The urine culture results (>105 CFU/ml of Shigella flexneri sensitive to ofloxacin) were presented to the doctor on the 4th day of admission. Patient was put on ofloxacin. Three days after, the temperature (38.5°c) and CRP (24mg/l) were still elevated. The blood culture result came out negative. A second urine culture was requested which came back positive (>105 CFU/ml of Escherichia coli resistant to ofloxacin and sensitive to meropenem and amikacin). Ofloxacin was discontinued and the patient put on meropenem and amikacin. The third urine culture recorded no significant growth after 48 hours of incubation. The patient was discharged looking healthy once more with a normal body temperature. Conclusion: Antibiotics tailored towards the elimination of a particular bacterial species may as well provide a favorable environment for other bacterial species that are resistant to it in the course of treating a UTI episode. This apparent treatment failure may first of all require a second urine culture for confirmation rather than considering the possibilities of a misdiagnosis.
Viewing an alpine environment positively affects emotional analytics in patients with somatoform, depressive and anxiety disorders as well as in healthy controls
Authors: Hüfner Katharina , Ower Cornelia , Kemmler Georg , Vill Theresa , Martini Caroline , Schmitt Andrea , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara
Published: July 2020

Background: Patients with somatoform, depressive or anxiety disorders often don´t respond well to medical treatment and experience many side effects. It is thus of clinical relevance to identify alternative, scientifically based, treatments. Our approach is based on the recent evidence that urbanicity has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for mental disorders. Conversely green and blue environments show a dose-dependent beneficial impact on mental health. Methods: Here we evaluate the effect of viewing stimuli of individuals in an alpine environment on emotional analytics in 183 patients with psychiatric disorders (mostly somatoform, depressive and anxiety disorders) and 315 healthy controls (HC). Emotional analytics (valence: unhappy vs happy, arousal: calm vs excited, dominance: controlled vs in control) were assessed using the Self-Assessment Manikin. Further parameters related to mental health and physical activity were recorded.Results: Emotional analytics of patients indicated that they feel less happy, less in control and had higher levels of arousal than HC when viewing neutral stimuli. The comparison alpine>neutral stimuli showed a significant a positive effect of alpine stimuli on emotional analytics in both groups. Patients and HC both felt attracted to the scenes displayed in the alpine stimuli. Emotional analytics correlated positively with resilience and inversely with perceived stress.Conclusions: Preventive and therapeutic programs for patients with somatoform, depressive and anxiety disorders should consider taking the benefits of natural outdoor such as alpine environments, into account. Organizational barriers which are preventing the implementation of such programs in clinical practice need to be identified and addressed.
Verteporfin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Different Subtypes of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Without Light Activation
Authors: Wei changran , Li xiangqi
Published: July 2020

Background: Breast cancer (BC) can be divided into five subtypes: Lumina1A, Lumina1B, HER-2 overexpression, Basal-like and Normal breast-like subtype, based on the differently expressed genes in breast cancer tissue. The Hippo signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in BC. The YAP gene is a terminal effector of Hippo pathway, and hyperactivation of YAP mediates tumorigenesis. As an inhibitor of YAP, non-photoactivated verteporfin (VP) can inhibit YAP-mediated tumor proliferation and angiogenesis by eliminating its interaction with TEAD. This study aimed to determine the effect and molecular mechanisms of VP-mediated inhibition of YAP in different subtypes of BC.Methods: Luminal A, Luminal B and Basal-like BC cells were cultivated in vitro to study effects of VP on proliferation and apoptosis of these three molecular BC subtypes. Results: Our experimental results showed that VP inhibited cell proliferation, YAP-TEAD interaction and expression of its downstream targets. VP also induced tumor cell apoptosis, and promoted the cleavage of Caspase-9 and PARP in the cells of various molecular subtypes of BC. Conclusion: These findings provide a basis for the use of VP as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic for BC by targeting the Hippo pathway effector YAP.
Dual-responsive doxorubicin-loaded nanomicelles for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Zhu Tiantian , Miao Yaxin , Zhou Lu , Zhang Weifang
Published: July 2020

Background: The enhancement of tumor retention and cellular uptake of drugs are important factors in maximizing anticancer therapy and minimizing side effects of encapsulated drugs. Herein, a delivery nanoplatform, armed with a pH-triggered charge-reversal capability and self-amplifiable reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced drug release, was constructed by encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) in pH/ROS-responsive polymeric micelle.Results: The surface charge of this system can be converted from negative to positive from pH 7.4 to pH 6.8, which facilitates the cellular uptake. In addition, methionine-based system was dissociated in a ROS-rich and acidic intracellular environment, resulting in the release of DOX and α-tocopheryl succinate (TOS). Then, the exposed TOS segments can further induced the generation of ROS, leading to self-amplifiable disassembly of the micelles and drug release. Conclusions: We confirmed efficient DOX delivery into cancer cells, upregulation of tumoral ROS level and induction of the apoptotic capability in vitro. The system exhibited outstanding tumor inhibition capability in vivo, indicating that dual stimuli nanosytem has great potential as an anticancer drug delivery platform.
Overexpression of TGFβ1 in murine mesenchymal stem cells improves lung inflammation by impacting the Th17/Treg balance in LPS-induced ARDS mice
Authors: Chen Jianxiao , Zhang Xiwen , Xie Jianfeng , Xue Ming , Liu Ling , Yang Yi , Qiu Haibo
Published: July 2020

Background: T helper 17 cells (Th17) /regulatory T cells (Treg), as subtypes of CD4 + T cells, play an important role in the inflammatory response of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there is still a lack of effective methods to regulate the differentiation balance of Th17/Treg. It was proven that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could regulate the differentiation of CD4 + T cells, but the mechanism is still unclear. TGFβ1, a paracrine cytokine of MSCs, could also regulate the differentiation of Th17/Treg but is lowly expressed in MSCs. Therefore, mouse MSCs (mMSCs) overexpressing TGFβ1 were constructed by lentivirus transfection and intratracheally transplanted into LPS-induced ARDS mice in our study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mMSCs overexpressing TGFβ1 on inflammation and immunoregulation by impacting the Th17/Treg balance in LPS-induced ARDS mice. Methods: mMSCs overexpressing TGFβ1 were constructed using lentiviral vectors. Then, mouse bone-marrow-derived MSCs (mBM-MSC) and mBM-MSC-TGFβ1 (mBM-MSC overexpressing TGFβ1) were transplanted intratracheally into ARDS mice induced by lipopolysaccharide. At 3 d and 7 d after transplantation, the mice were sacrificed, and the homing of the mMSCs was assayed by ex vivo optical imaging. The relative numbers of Th17 and Treg in the lungs and spleens of mice were detected by FCM. IL-17A and IL-10 levels in the lungs of mice were analysed by western blot. Permeability and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by analysing the protein concentration of BALF using ELISA. Histopathology of the lungs was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and lung injury scoring. Alveolar lung fibrosis was assessed by Masson’s trichrome staining and Ashcroft scoring. The mortality of ARDS mice was followed until 7 days after transplantation. Results: The transduction efficiencies mediated by the lentiviral vectors ranged from 82.3-88.6%. Overexpressing TGF-β1 inhibited the proliferation of mMSCs during days 5-7 ( p <0.05) but had no effect on mMSCs differentiation or migration ( p >0.05). Compared to that in the LPS+mBM-MSC-NC group mice, engraftment of mMSCs overexpressing TGFβ1 led to much more differentiation of T cells into Th17 or Treg ( p <0.05), improved permeability of injured lungs ( p <0.05) and ameliorative histopathology of lung tissue in ARDS mice ( p <0.05). Moreover, IL-17A content was also decreased while IL-10 content was increased in the LPS+mBM-MSC-TGFβ1 group compared with those in the LPS+mBM-MSC-NC group ( p <0.05). Finally, mMSCs overexpressing TGFβ1 did not aggravate lung fibrosis in ARDS mice ( p >0.05). Conclusion: MSCs overexpressing TGFβ1 could regulate lung inflammation and attenuate lung injuries by modulating the imbalance of Th17/Treg in the lungs of ARDS mice.
Clinical implications of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition update in seminoma pT1 subclassification
Authors: Fontes-Sousa Mário , Lobo João , Magalhães Helena , Cassis João , Malheiro Mariana , Ramos Sância , Henrique Rui , Martins Ana , Maurício Maria Joaquina
Published: July 2020

Background Seminoma accounts for 30-50% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors (TGCT) - the most common solid malignancy in men aged 15-35 years. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition (2018) created the subclassifications pT1a (tumor size < 3 cm) and pT1b (≥ 3 cm), despite not universally recognized. The authors propose to further understand its potential impact in clinical practice, by reviewing current evidence and reviewing clinical cases at their institutions.Methods: All consecutive cases of seminoma stage I pT1 treated at two institutions between January 2005 and December 2016 were included. Clinical data were retrieved, and variables were analyzed using SPSS. Review of relevant literature on the topic.Results: Seminoma pT1 was identified in 58 patients. By using newly AJCC criteria, 29 (50.0%) would have been staged as pT1a and 29 (50.0%) pT1b. Median follow- up time 5.8 years. Three recurrences were recorded (2 in pT1a and 1 in pT1b, all under surveillance protocol); no deaths occurred. Rete testis invasion (RTI) and extensive necrosis (EN) were associated with pT1b (P<0.0001 and P=0.023, respectively), therefore pT1b was associated with RTI and EN, known adverse biological features, but the clinical impact could not to be assessed with the present methodology. Discussion: In our population, the retrospective analysis of the newly created AJCC criteria showed no significant difference in recurrence or death, although pT1b was associated to adverse biological markers. Our results also confirm an excellent prognosis, regardless of subcategorization, thus a larger population and a longer follow-up time are needed to understand the impact of the recently updated criteria. We would recommend using the latest AJCC staging system, although the individual risk of relapse, long-term toxicities and patient preferences should be taken into account when considering surveillance or active treatment options.
Insights into the phylogenetic relationships and drug targets of Babesia isolates infective to small ruminants from the mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Wang Jinming , Liu Junlong , Liu Aihong , He Xin , Xiang Quanjia , Li Youquan , Yin Hong , Luo Jianxun , Guan Guiquan
Published: July 2020

Background: Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia , is widespread in subtropical and tropical countries. Mitochondria are essential organelles that are responsible for energy transduction and metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell signaling. Mitochondrial genomes could provide new insight to help elucidate and investigate the biological features, genetic evolution and classification of the protozoa. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the mitochondrial genomes of ovine Babesia spp. in China. Methods: Herein, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of six ovine Babesia isolates; analyzed the genome size, gene content, genome structure and cytochrome b ( cob ) amino acid sequences; and performed comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomic analyses among apicomplexan parasites. Results: The mitochondrial genomes range from 5767 to 5946 bp in length with a linear form and contain three protein-encoding genes, cytochrome c oxidase I ( cox1 ), cytochrome c oxidase III ( cox3 ) and cob , six large subunit rRNA genes (LSU), and two terminal inverted repeats (TIR) on both ends. The cob gene sequence analysis indicated the binding site of anti- Babesia drugs that targeted the cytochrome bc 1 complex. Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini have a dual flip-flop inversion of 184-1082 bp, whereas other Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. have one pair of TIRs, 25-1563 bp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the six ovine Babesia isolates were divided into two clades, Babesia sp. and Babesia motasi . B. motasi isolates were further separated into two small clades ( B. motasi Hebei/Ningxian and B. motasi Tianzhu/Lintan). Conclusions: The data provided new insights into the taxonomic relationships and drug targets of apicomplexan parasites.