bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological functioning and suicidal behaviours in patients with first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Teresa , Barbeito Sara , Gómez‐Juncal Rocío , Rodríguez‐Ortega Elisa , Becerra‐García Juan Antonio , Calvo Ana
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Suicidal behaviour is particularly frequent in patients with psychosis. Therefore, prevention is a key objective of mental health policies. The aim of the current work is to systematically review the association between neurocognitive functioning and suicidal behaviour in patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).

Material and Methods

Of the 3051 studies reviewed, only 7 met the inclusion criteria. Documents in English from their earliest date of coverage until January 2022 were searched for in the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (ProQuest), and Springerlink. We used the PICO strategy to collect and categorize the data from each selected manuscript.

Results

Overall, the results showed that the risk of suicidal behaviour is higher for FEP patients in the presence of a number of factors: poorer general neuropsychological functioning (except for working memory), poorer social cognition, more depressive symptoms, longer duration of untreated psychosis, higher awareness of the illness, poorer premorbid adjustment, and more frequent cannabis use.

Discussion

Comprehensive general neuropsychology and assessment of social cognition, together with routine clinical record keeping, may help to identify FEP patients at a greater risk of attempting suicide.
Genome assembly and annotation of Periplaneta americana reveal a comprehensive cockroach allergen profile
Authors: Wang Lingyi , Xiong Qing , Saelim Nawannaporn , Wang Lin , Nong Wenyan , Wan Angel Tsz‐Yau , Shi Mai , Liu Xiaoyu , Cao Qin , Hui Jerome Ho Lam , Sookrung Nitat , Leung Ting‐Fan , Tungtrongchitr Anchalee , Tsui Stephen Kwok Wing
Published: September 2022

Background

One of the most common cockroach types in urban areas, the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), has been reported to impose an increased risk of allergies and asthma. Limited groups of allergens (Per a 1–13) have been identified in this species due to the lack of genome‐related information.

Methods

To expand the allergen profile of P. americana, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches were applied. With the support of a high‐quality genome assembled using nanopore, Illumina, and Hi‐C sequencing techniques, potential allergens were identified based on protein homology. Then, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, selected allergens were tested in Thai patients allergic to P. americana.

Results

A chromosomal‐level genome of P. americana (3.06 Gb) has been assembled with 94.6% BUSCO completeness, and its contiguity has been significantly improved (N50 = 151 Mb). A comprehensive allergen profile has been characterized, with seven novel groups of allergens, including enolase (Per a 14), cytochrome C (Per a 15), cofilin (Per a 16), alpha‐tubulin (Per a 17), cyclophilin (Per a 18), porin3 (Per a 19), and peroxiredoxin‐6 (Per a 20), showing IgE sensitivity in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A new isoallergen of tropomyosin (Per a 7.02) and multiple potential isoallergens of Per a 5 were revealed using bioinformatics and proteomic approaches. Additionally, comparative analysis of P. americana with the closely related Blattodea species revealed the possibility of cross‐reaction.

Conclusion

The high‐quality genome and proteome of P. americana are beneficial in studying cockroach allergens at the molecular level. Seven novel allergen groups and one isoallergen in Per a 7 were identified.
Vaginal delivery rate by near delivery sonographic weight estimation and maternal stature among nulliparous women
Authors: Meyer Raanan , Yinon Yoav , Levin Gabriel
Published: September 2022

Background

We evaluated the risk for cesarean delivery among term nulliparous women, categorized by maternal stature and recent sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW).

Methods

A retrospective study including singleton deliveries of nulliparous women between 2011 and 2020, with sonographic EFW within 1 week of delivery. We categorized maternal height into five groups: ≤150, 151‐155, 156‐160, 161‐165, and ≥166 cm. Fetal weight estimation was categorized into five groups as well: ≤2500 g, 2501‐2999, 3000‐3499, 3500‐3999, and ≥4000 g.

Results

Overall, 13 107 deliveries were included. The cesarean delivery rate was inversely correlated with maternal height, ranging from 41.0% in group 1 to 13.1% in group 5. The vaginal delivery rate ranged from 33.3% in maternal height group 1 with EFW of ≥4000 g to 85% in maternal height group 5 with EFW of ≤2500 g. In weight categories above 2500 g, maternal height correlated significantly with vaginal delivery rate, except in weight category ≥4000 g in which vaginal delivery rate ranged around 30% in maternal height categories 1‐3 and increased significantly in groups 4‐5 to 50‐60%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, EFW was independently associated with CD for EFW categories 3500‐3999 and ≥4000 g [aOR 95% CI 1.49 (1.08‐2.06) and 4.39 (2.97‐6.50), respectively]. Maternal height was negatively associated with CD [aOR 95% CI 0.67 (0.64‐0.70)] for each increase in maternal height group.

Conclusions

Cesarean delivery rate was inversely correlated with maternal height, ranging from 41.0% among women ≤150 cm to 13.1% among women ≥166 cm. Maternal height and EFW of ≥3500 g are independently associated with CD rates among term nulliparous women.
Enhancement of astrocytic gap junctions Connexin43 coupling can improve long‐term isoflurane anesthesia–mediated brain network abnormalities and cognitive impairment
Authors: Dong Rui , Lv Pin , Han Yuqiang , Jiang Linhao , Wang Zimo , Peng Liangyu , Ma Zhengliang , Xia Tianjiao , Zhang Bing , Gu Xiaoping
Published: September 2022

Aim

Astrocytes are connected by gap junctions Connexin43 (GJs‐Cx43) forming an extensive intercellular network and maintain brain homeostasis. Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) occurs frequently after anesthesia/surgery and worsens patient outcome, but the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of the GJs‐Cx43–mediated astrocytic network on PND and ascertain the underlying neural circuit mechanism.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with long‐term isoflurane exposure to construct a mouse model of PND. We also exposed primary mouse astrocytes to long‐term isoflurane exposure to simulate the conditions of in vivo cognitive dysfunction. Behavioral tests were performed using the Y‐maze and fear conditioning (FC) tests. Manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) were used to investigate brain activity and functional connectivity. Western blot and flow cytometry analysis were used to assess protein expression.

Results

Reconfiguring the astrocytic network by increasing GJs‐Cx43 expression can modulate 22 subregions affected by PND in three ways: reversed activation, reversed inhibition, and intensified activation. The brain functional connectivity analysis further suggests that PND is a brain network disorder that includes sleep‐wake rhythm–related brain regions, contextual and fear memory–related subregions, the hippocampal‐amygdala circuit, the septo‐hippocampal circuit, and the entorhinal‐hippocampal circuit. Notably, remodeling the astrocytic network by upregulation of GJs‐Cx43 can partially reverse the abnormalities in the above circuits. Pathophysiological degeneration in hippocampus is one of the primary hallmarks of PND pathology, and long‐term isoflurane anesthesia contributes to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. However, promoting the formation of GJs‐Cx43 ameliorated cognitive dysfunction induced by long‐term isoflurane anesthesia through the attenuation of oxidative stress in hippocampus.

Conclusion

Enhancing GJs‐Cx43 coupling can improve brain network abnormalities and cognitive impairment induced by long‐term isoflurane anesthesia, its mechanisms might be associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
New CGSP Carbonate Matrix Reference Materials for LA‐ICP‐MS Analysis
Authors: Sun Dongyang , Liu Jin , Fan Chenzi , Zhao Linghao , Zhan Xiuchun , Hu Mingyue
Published: September 2022

Four CGSP (Chinese Geological Standard Powders) carbonate matrix element reference materials were prepared by a coprecipitation method. The major and trace elements were dissolved from natural rare earth carbonate raw materials in strong acid and precipitated with ammonium bicarbonate or ammonia to form carbonate matrix phases. The carbonate reference materials were ground and pressed into tablets for microanalysis. The element homogeneity and stability in CGSP reference materials were tested by LA‐ICP‐MS using a calibration strategy without an internal standard element and evaluated mainly following ISO Guide 35: 2017 and JJF 1343‐2012. Although the homogeneity of most of elements in the CGSP series were comparable to the repeatability obtained from homogeneous glasses, some elements (e.g., Mo, Se, Ga, Ge, Cd, Ni, Co, U) were found to have some degree of heterogeneity. All of elements passed the t‐test evaluation in a 32‐month stability examination except for Mo in CGSP‐A, Na, Ge, Mo in CGSP‐B, Ni, Cd, Sn in CGSP‐C, and Al, P, Tb, Ho in CGSP‐D. The certified element mass fraction values and uncertainties were determined with the characterisation of a non‐operationally defined measurand using various bulk analysis methods in eight laboratories. GGSPs will provide a new carbonate calibration reference option for microanalysis.
Circular RNAs hsa_circ_0001438 and hsa_circ_0000417 are downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Imanishi Sachiko , Nagata Shoko , Fujita Toshitsugu , Fujii Hodaka
Published: September 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most predominant type of liver cancer and is frequently fatal. Alpha‐fetoprotein, alpha‐fetoprotein‐L3, and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II are used as biomarkers to diagnose HCC. However, these biomarkers are not highly specific, especially for early‐stage HCC diagnosis; therefore, more specific biomarkers are needed. Recently, circular RNA (circRNA) biomarkers have been used to diagnose several intractable diseases. In this study, we sought to identify circRNA biomarkers for the specific diagnosis of HCC. To this end, we compared the expression levels of circRNAs in primary HCC and normal tissues using publicly available RNA‐seq data. Our analysis revealed that the expression levels of eight circRNAs were altered in primary HCC tissues compared with normal tissues. To confirm our findings, we examined the expression levels of selected circRNAs in HCC cell lines and normal hepatocytes. The expression level of hsa_circ_0001438, a circRNA that was downregulated in primary HCC, was lower in poorly and well‐differentiated HCC cell lines than in normal hepatocytes. By contrast, the expression level of hsa_circ_0000417, which was increased in primary HCC, was strongly upregulated in a well‐differentiated HCC cell line compared with normal hepatocytes. Thus, hsa_circ_0001438 and hsa_circ_0000417 might be potential biomarkers for the specific diagnosis of HCC. The experimental strategy described here, using publicly available RNA‐seq data, is a useful and cost‐effective method of identifying circRNA biomarkers.
Circadian variation of serum leptin and adipose tissue changes in children
Authors: Zenno Anna , Brady Sheila M. , Faulkner Loie M. , Ballenger Kaitlin L. , Fatima Syeda , Yanovski Jack A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Higher morning serum leptin values are associated with larger adipose tissue gains in children; however, it is unclear if leptin circadian variation is itself associated with adipose tissue changes during growth.

Objective

We studied the association of circadian variation in leptin with change in total body fat mass (TBFM), total body percentage fat (%FM), and trunk fat mass (TrFM).

Methods

Baseline serum samples for leptin were obtained every 3 h for 24 h from 130 children (baseline age 9.6 ± 2.5y; 51.1% male; BMI‐Z 1.59) with mean follow‐up of 11.1 ± 4.0y and underwent dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. ANCOVA models examined change in TBFM, %FM, or TrFM as dependent variables and number of years of follow‐up, sex, race, baseline age, pubertal status, initial visit body composition, and initial visit serum leptin circadian variables (maximal diurnal leptin [acrophase], diurnal amplitude, and percentage change of amplitude) as independent factors.

Result

Although initial visit mesor (24 h average) leptin was positively associated with initial visit TBFM (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.001), %FM (r2 = 076, p < 0.001), and TrFM (r2 = 0.71, p < 0.001), none of the circadian leptin variables studied was significantly associated with change in TBFM, %FM, or TrFM.

Conclusion

We found no evidence that circadian variation in serum leptin concentrations during childhood is associated with long‐term changes in children's adiposity.
Intracardiac echocardiography from coronary sinus
Authors: Garg Jalaj , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Bhardwaj Rahul , Contractor Tahmeed , Jain Sarika , Mandapati Ravi
Published: September 2022

Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has become an essential tool and is an integral part of percutaneous interventional and electrophysiology (EP) procedures. Intracardiac echocardiography offers real‐time, high‐quality, near‐field evaluation of cardiac anatomy. Standard ICE imaging includes placing the catheter in the right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), or left atrium (LA, via the transeptal approach). Coronary sinus echocardiography (CSE) is another alternative, where the ICE catheter is positioned in the coronary sinus (CS). This approach offers better catheter stability and allows operators to visualize cardiac structure with particularly excellent views of the LA, LAA, left ventricle (LV), and mitral annulus. Additionally, CSE is an attractive alternative in cases with unfavorable interatrial septum or fossa ovalis anatomical features that could lead to difficulty advancing ICE catheter in left atrium. In this article focusing on CSE, we provide illustration‐based guidance to help operators identify critical cardiac structures from CSE.
A new species of Bathysphyraenops from the Indian Ocean with comments on the genus (Teleostei: Acropomatiformes: Howellidae)
Authors: Rajakrishnan Rajeev , Rajeeshkumar Meleppura , Cubelio Sherine Sonia , Prokofiev Artem M.
Published: September 2022

A new species, Bathysphyraenops radhae, is described from the equatorial western Indian Ocean. It resembles Bathysphyraenops declivifrons in the shape of snout and number of pseudobranchial filaments in adults but can be readily distinguished from all known members of Howellidae by its characteristically armed preopercle and in strong reduction or absence of spinules on scales around the pectoral fin. The genus Bathysphyraenops is rediagnosed, and the characteristics useful in diagnosing the howellid genera are briefly discussed. The nominal genus Schistoperca is synonymized with Bathysphyraenops. A key to the species of Bathysphyraenops is provided.
A randomized controlled trial of a 5‐year marriage checkup booster session for a subsample of responder couples
Authors: Leth‐Nissen Astrid B. , Fentz Hanne N. , Stadler Gertraud , Trillingsgaard Tea L.
Published: September 2022

This study examined maintenance and booster effects of a brief couple intervention, the Marriage Checkup (MC), across 5 years. A subsample of 63 couples who benefitted from two previous MCs (responder couples), were randomly assigned to a third MC or control. Before randomization (at 4‐years‐9‐months), the responder sample had maintained small to medium effects on two measures of relationship functioning. After randomization, we found no significant between‐group effects. Yet, within‐group analyses revealed that while control couples showed flat trajectories in all outcomes after the 4‐year‐9‐months baseline, couples receiving a third MC (at Year 5) reported small to medium improvements in three measures of relationship functioning and maintained follow‐up effect in one measure. Findings indicate that couples who initially improved from the MC can maintain some of their improvements over long periods. The potential of boosting such improvements with recurrent MCs is a relevant target for further investigation in larger samples.
Changes in couple, parenting, and individual functioning following Family Expectations program participation
Authors: Barton Allen W. , Gong Qiujie , Stanley Scott M. , Rhoades Galena K.
Published: September 2022

The current study investigated changes in couple, parenting, and individual functioning following participation in Family Expectations, a relationship and parenting education program for new or expectant parents. The sample comprised 339 couples who participated in most sessions of the Family Expectations program and completed assessments at three different time points over a 12‐month period. Study analyses examined: (a) change shortly following completion of the program, (b) associations between short‐term change and subsequent change in outcomes at 12‐month follow‐up, and (c) differences in short‐term change between married and unmarried couples. Significant improvements were observed in all three domains at short‐term follow‐up. Short‐term changes, particularly for psychological distress, were predictive of long‐term change in multiple domains. Few moderation effects by marital status were evident; those that appeared suggested stronger effects for married participants compared to unmarried. Study findings inform ongoing discussions into the utility of federally‐funded relationship and parenting programming.
Lysophosphatidic acid signaling via LPA6: A negative modulator of developmental oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Spencer Samantha A. , Suárez‐Pozos Edna , Soto‐Verdugo Jazmín , Wang Huiqun , Afshari Fatemah S. , Li Guo , Manam Susmita , Yasuda Daisuke , Ortega Arturo , Lister James A. , Ishii Satoshi , Zhang Yan , Fuss Babette
Published: September 2022

The developmental process of central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheath formation is characterized by well‐coordinated cellular activities ultimately ensuring rapid and synchronized neural communication. During this process, myelinating CNS cells, namely oligodendrocytes (OLGs), undergo distinct steps of differentiation, whereby the progression of earlier maturation stages of OLGs represents a critical step toward the timely establishment of myelinated axonal circuits. Given the complexity of functional integration, it is not surprising that OLG maturation is controlled by a yet fully to be defined set of both negative and positive modulators. In this context, we provide here first evidence for a role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling via the G protein‐coupled receptor LPA6 as a negative modulatory regulator of myelination‐associated gene expression in OLGs. More specifically, the cell surface accessibility of LPA6 was found to be restricted to the earlier maturation stages of differentiating OLGs, and OLG maturation was found to occur precociously in Lpar6 knockout mice. To further substantiate these findings, a novel small molecule ligand with selectivity for preferentially LPA6 and LPA6 agonist characteristics was functionally characterized in vitro in primary cultures of rat OLGs and in vivo in the developing zebrafish. Utilizing this approach, a negative modulatory role of LPA6 signaling in OLG maturation could be corroborated. During development, such a functional role of LPA6 signaling likely serves to ensure timely coordination of circuit formation and myelination. Under pathological conditions as seen in the major human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), however, persistent LPA6 expression and signaling in OLGs can be seen as an inhibitor of myelin repair. Thus, it is of interest that LPA6 protein levels appear elevated in MS brain samples, thereby suggesting that LPA6 signaling may represent a potential new druggable pathway suitable to promote myelin repair in MS.

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Current therapeutic insights regarding problematic fingernails and toenails in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Kwon Ki Han
Published: September 2022

Background

Problematic nails and toenails are infected by germs and increasingly have many causes.

Aims

To investigate the types and treatment of problematic nails and toenails, we focused on bacteria that may appear in problematic nail toenail symptoms.

Methods

We have searched for PubMed and Google Scholar and correlated the words Onychomycosis, Tinea ungium, Melanonychia, and ingrown toenail related to symptoms.

Results

To measure onychomycosis, KOH tests and fungal culture tests will be used. Treatment can be treated with full‐body treatment using anti‐fungal agents and local treatment (laser therapy) that can minimize the side effects. A biopsy should be performed when Melanonychia is diagnosed with brown or black pigments on the patient's fingernail plate. Moreover, ingrown toenail surgical treatment can be improved by acquired lifestyle.

Conclusions

There are many different types of treatments, but many studies show that problematic nail and toenail improvement periods are long and treatment success rates are low.
Anti‐bacterial effects of functional cosmetics containing silver ions (Ag+) on problematic toenails in Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Soo Jin , Kwon Ki Han
Published: September 2022

Background

Problematic toenails caused by various diseases that are infected by various bacteria are discolored or deformed if left unattended for a long time are gradually increasing in modern society. Accordingly, the present study examines the anti‐bacterial effects of LCN products, focused on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubrum, which can appear in problematic toenail symptoms. After the treatment, a significant anti‐bacterial effect occurring on problematic toenails when a product containing silver ion (Ag+) will be analyzed.

Methods

The anti‐bacterial activity of LCN functional gel products in anti‐fungal and/or anti‐bacterial potency was confirmed by the paper disk method against two strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubum).

Results

From July 2019 to October 2019, 30 men and women in their 20s and 50s who needed to manage problematic toenails in Wonju city, Gangwon‐do, Republic of Korea, were asked to use LCN products once every two weeks. After 4 months, changes in the managed toenails were observed. Both products showed very good anti‐microbial activity against, Trichophyton rubum but a very weak one against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Conclusion

As a result of this study, although there was a difference between individuals, the feet treated with LCN products showed effective anti‐bacterial activity against topical anti‐bacterial effects.
Perceived health among percutaneous coronary intervention patients over a six‐year follow‐up period
Authors: Kähkönen Outi , Oikarinen Anne , Miettinen Heikki , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Kyngäs Helvi , Hartikainen Juha
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives

The study was conducted to describe long‐term perceived health among patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention as well as clarify the associations between perceived health and various factors.

Background

Perceived health is an important outcome for coronary heart disease patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Poor perceived health predicts low adherence to treatment, morbidity and mortality.

Design

An explanatory and descriptive survey with a six‐year follow‐up (STROBE Statement: File ).

Methods

Baseline data (n = 416) were collected in 2013, with follow‐up data collected from the same study group in 2019 (n = 154) at two university hospitals and three central hospitals in Finland. The employed self‐reported questionnaire was based on the EuroQoL visual analogue scale and EuroQol five‐dimensional scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods.

Results

Perceived health did not significantly differ four months or six years after percutaneous coronary intervention. The respondents most commonly reported pain and discomfort (62.1%), problems in mobility (50.3%), issues with usual activities (27.5%), and anxiety and depression (24.0%). Managing self‐care (8.5%) was least likely to be an issue for the respondents. A majority of the reported problems were of a mild nature. The consumption of an adequate amount of vegetables, lower systolic blood pressure, regular follow‐up treatment, lack of prior invasive procedures, and younger age predicted better scores for both perceived health and its separate dimensions.

Conclusion

Regular follow‐up is important to ensure after percutaneous coronary intervention to identify patients with pain and discomfort, mobility problems, depression and anxiety. Healthcare professionals should pay particular attention to elderly patients, who have undergone severe invasive procedures.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study confirms the importance of regular follow‐ups for post‐percutaneous coronary intervention patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients have completed a self‐reported questionnaire based on informed consent.
Development and validation of a gene model predicting lymph node metastasis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on single‐cell and bulk RNA‐seq analysis
Authors: Han Pei‐Zhen , Tan Li‐Cheng , Ouyang Qing‐Si , Yu Peng‐Cheng , Shi Xiao , Hu Jia‐Qian , Wei Wen‐Jun , Lu Zhong‐Wu , Wang Yu , Ji Qing‐Hai , Qu Ning , Mai Hua‐Ming , Wang Yu‐Long
Published: September 2022

Background

Lymph node metastasis can independently predict oral squamous cell carcinoma patients' survival. This study would investigate the genetic and cellular differences between oral squamous cell carcinoma with positive and negative lymph node metastases.

Methods

We gathered single‐cell RNA sequencing and bulk gene expression data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Sixty lymph node‐metastasis‐related genes were discovered with refined single‐cell RNA sequencing data analysis, and consensus clustering provided three molecular subtypes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were then utilized to establish a five‐gene risk model. CIBERSORT analysis revealed the immune infiltration profile of different risk subgroups.

Results

Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were classified into three subtypes based on the 60 lymph node‐metastasis‐related key genes identified by single‐cell RNA sequencing data. Patients in Subtype 3 showed a tendency for lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis. Moreover, five biomarkers were selected from the 60 genes to construct a five‐gene risk model evaluating the risk of lymph node metastasis. A lower probability of lymph node metastasis and a better prognosis was observed in the low‐risk group. The immune infiltration of three different risk groups was explored with CIBERSORT. Besides, further analysis implied different sensitivities of anticancer drugs, including immunotherapy drugs and targeted compounds, in the three risk groups.

Conclusion

In view of intratumoral heterogeneity, we found 60 genes associated with lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently, we constructed a five‐gene signature that could improve the prediction of lymph node metastasis, clinical outcome, and promote individualized treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Nurses' experiences of the phenomenon ‘isolation communication’
Authors: Holm Anna , Dreyer Pia
Published: September 2022

Background

Communication with patients and relatives can be a challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting because of the acute and critical situation. However, when caring for patients with infectious diseases like COVID‐19, nurses' communication is challenged further due to the required use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and mandatory isolation regimes.

Aim

To explore nurses' experiences of communicating while wearing PPE during COVID‐19 isolation precautions in the ICU.

Study Design

A qualitative study within the phenomenological‐hermeneutic tradition. Data were collected via 12 interviews with nurses working in a Danish ICU from September to November 2020. Data were analysed using a Ricoeur‐inspired text interpretation method.

Findings

Three themes emerged during the analysis: (1) communication was limited and distanced and nurses had to compromise; (2) the nurses' senses were reduced, and verbal and nonverbal communication practises changed; and (3) patients' and relatives' communicative vulnerability were exposed in an extraordinary situation.

Conclusion

The analysis revealed a phenomenon that can be described as ‘isolation communication’. The isolation precautions and use of PPE had a profound impact on the nurses' caring and communicative practices, which were limited in this situation. The nurses found themselves physically, emotionally and socially distanced from the patients, relatives and their colleagues. However, to prevent the spread of the virus, isolation communication is something that the nurses have to endure.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

As our findings show that the nurses' communicative practises had to change during isolation communication, it is important for clinical practise and education to focus on implementing communication methods that optimise message transmission between ICU clinicians, patients and relatives in conditions requiring PPE and isolation. We should also focus on how to optimise interdisciplinary health communication in this situation.
Achalasia: Current therapeutic options
Authors: Rolland Sebastien , Paterson William , Bechara Robert
Published: September 2022

Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent peristalsis in the smooth muscle esophageal body. As a result, patients typically experience dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. Over the past 10–15 years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the evaluation of therapies for achalasia. Unfortunately, little progress in the development of effective pharmacological treatments has been made. Botulinum toxin injection provides some relief of symptoms in many patients but requires periodic reinjection that may provide progressively less benefit over time. There are now three well‐established, safe, and effective therapies for the treatment of achalasia: pneumatic dilation (PD), laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) which can lead to marked symptom improvement in most patients. Each treatment has a specific constellation of risks, benefits, and recurrence rate. The first‐line treatment used will depend on patient preference, achalasia subtype, and local expertise. The recent impressive advances in both the art and science of achalasia therapy are explored with a comprehensive review of the various treatment modalities and comparative controlled clinical trials. In addition, key technical pearls of the procedural treatments are demonstrated.
Comparison of acid‐lowering drugs for endoscopy negative reflux disease: Systematic review and network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Barberio Brigida , Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Savarino Edoardo , de Bortoli Nicola , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C.
Published: September 2022

Background

The comparative efficacy and safety of medical therapies for gastro‐esophageal reflux symptoms in endoscopy‐negative reflux disease is unclear. We conducted a network meta‐analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine‐2‐receptor antagonists, potassium‐competitive acid blockers (PCABs), and alginates in patients with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials from inception to February 1, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing efficacy of all drugs versus each other, or versus a placebo, in adults with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease. Results were reported as pooled relative risks with 95% confidence intervals to summarize effect of each comparison tested, with treatments ranked according to P‐score.

Key Results

We identified 23 RCTs containing 10,735 subjects with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease. Based on failure to achieve complete relief of symptoms between ≥2 and <4 weeks, omeprazole 20 mg o.d. (P‐score 0.94) ranked first, with esomeprazole 20 mg o.d. or 40 mg o.d. ranked second and third. In achieving adequate relief, only rabeprazole 10 mg o.d. was significantly more efficacious than placebo. For failure to achieve complete relief at ≥4 weeks, dexlansoprazole 30 mg o.d. (P‐score 0.95) ranked first, with 30 ml alginate q.i.d. combined with omeprazole 20 mg o.d., and 30 ml alginate t.i.d. second and third. In terms of failure to achieve adequate relief at ≥4 weeks, dexlansoprazole 60 mg o.d. ranked first (P‐score 0.90), with dexlansoprazole 30 mg o.d. and rabeprazole 20 mg o.d. second and third. All drugs were safe and well‐tolerated.

Conclusions & Inferences

Our results confirm superiority of PPIs compared with most other drugs in treating endoscopy‐negative reflux disease. Future RCTs should aim to better classify patients with endoscopy‐negative reflux disease, and to establish the role of alginates and PCABs in achieving symptom relief in both the short‐ and long‐term.
The knowledge–management complex: From quality registries to national knowledge‐driven management in Swedish health care governance
Authors: Falkenström Erica , Svallfors Stefan
Published: September 2022

This article analyzes the emergence of the Swedish “national system for knowledge‐driven management.” We argue that the system is best understood as a meta‐instrument that is underpinned by an “instrument constituency,” a coalition held together by a joint interest in a particular policy solution. Based on interviews and documentary analyses, we show the conflicting interests that are included in the constituency and how the functional effectiveness of the meta‐instrument is exposed to a number of risks that follow from its specific implementation and from the heterogeneity among its constituency. In particular, we point to the threats against professional learning, responsibility, and integrity.

Related Articles

Selling, Niels, and Stefan Svallfors. 2019. “The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 984–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12325.

Shen, Yongdong, Meng U. Ieong, and Zihang Zhu. 2022. “The Function of Expert Involvement in China's Local Policy Making.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12450.

Svallfors, Stefan, Erica Falkenström, Corrie Hammar, and Anna T. Höglund. 2022. “Networked Reports: Commissioning and Production of Expert Reports on Swedish Health Care Governance.” Politics & Policy 50(3): 580–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12462.
Lateralized tactile stimulation during NREM sleep globally increases both slow and fast frequency activities
Authors: Simor Péter , Bogdány Tamás , Sifuentes‐Ortega Rebeca , Rovai Antonin , Peigneux Philippe
Published: September 2022

Slow frequency activity during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep emerges from synchronized activity of widely distributed thalamo‐cortical and cortico‐cortical networks, reflecting homeostatic and restorative properties of sleep. Slow frequency activity exhibits a reactive nature, and can be increased by acoustic stimulation. Although non‐invasive brain stimulation is a promising technique in basic and clinical sleep research, sensory stimulation studies focusing on modalities other than the acoustic are scarce. We explored here the potential of lateralized vibro‐tactile stimulation (VTS) of the finger to locally modify electroencephalographic activity during nocturnal NREM sleep. Eight seconds‐long sequences of vibro‐tactile pulses were delivered at a rate of 1 Hz either to the left or to the right index finger, in addition to a sham condition, in fourteen healthy participants. VTS markedly increased slow frequency activity that peaked between 1–4 Hz but extended to higher (~13 Hz) frequencies, with fronto‐central dominance. Enhanced slow frequency activity was accompanied by increased (14–22 Hz) fast frequency power peaking over central and posterior locations. VTS increased the amplitude of slow waves, especially during the first 3–4 s of stimulation. Noticeably, we did not observe local‐hemispheric effects, that is, VTS resulted in a global cortical response regardless of stimulation laterality. VTS moderately increased slow and fast frequency activities in resting wakefulness, to a much lower extent compared to NREM sleep. The concomitant increase in slow and fast frequency activities in response to VTS indicates an instant homeostatic response coupled with wake‐like, high‐frequency activity potentially reflecting transient periods of increased environmental processing.
Development and application of a dose–response model for Elizabethkingia spp
Authors: Dean Kara , Coaster Natalie , Young Kyana , Mitchell Jade
Published: September 2022

Elizabethkingia spp. are common environmental pathogens responsible for infections in more vulnerable populations. Although the exposure routes of concern are not well understood, some hospital‐associated outbreaks have indicated possible waterborne transmission. In order to facilitate quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for Elizabethkingia spp., this study fit dose–response models to frog and mice datasets that evaluated intramuscular and intraperitoneal exposure to Elizabethkingia spp. The frog datasets could be pooled, and the exact beta‐Poisson model was the best fitting model with optimized parameters α  = 0.52 and β = 86,351. Using the exact beta‐Poisson model, the dose of Elizabethkingia miricola resulting in a 50% morbidity response (LD50) was estimated to be approximately 237,000 CFU. The model developed herein was used to estimate the probability of infection for a hospital patient under a modeled exposure scenario involving a contaminated medical device and reported Elizabethkingia spp. concentrations isolated from hospital sinks after an outbreak. The median exposure dose was approximately 3 CFU/insertion event, and the corresponding median risk of infection was 3.4E‐05. The median risk estimated in this case study was lower than the 3% attack rate observed in a previous outbreak, however, there are noted gaps pertaining to the possible concentrations of Elizabethkingia spp. in tap water and the most likely exposure routes. This is the first dose–response model developed for Elizabethkingia spp. thus enabling future risk assessments to help determine levels of risk and potential effective risk management strategies.
Do actions reduce perceived risk? A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between risk perception and actions in response to forest disturbance in Colorado
Authors: Qin Hua , Vickery Jamie , Brenkert‐Smith Hannah , Bekee Barituka , Prasetyo Yanu
Published: September 2022

As residents living in hazard‐prone areas face on‐going environmental threats, the actions they take to mitigate such risks are likely motivated by various factors. Whereas risk perception has been considered a key determinant of related behavioral responses, little is known about how risk mitigation actions influence subsequent perceived risk. In other words, do actions to prevent or mitigate risk reduce risk perception? This longitudinal study considers the dynamic relationships between risk perception and risk‐mitigating behavior in the context of forest disturbance in north‐central Colorado. Based on panel survey data collected in 2007 and 2018, the results provide a first look at changes in perceived forest risks as they relate to individual and community actions in response to an extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak. Analysis revealed that the perception of direct forest risks (forest fire and falling trees) increased, whereas indirect forest risk perception (concern on broader threats to local community) decreased across the two study phases. Higher individual or community activeness (level of actions) was associated with subsequent reductions in perceived forest fire risk, smaller increases in direct risk perception, and larger decreases in indirect risk perception. These findings contribute insights into the complex risk reappraisal process in forest hazard contexts, with direct implications for risk communication and management strategies.
A Bayesian‐loss function‐based method in assessing loss caused by ship‐source oil spills in the arctic area
Authors: Afenyo Mawuli , Jiang Changmin , Ng Adolf K. Y. , Lee Paul Tae‐Woo
Published: September 2022

It is difficult to assess the risk of ship‐source oil spills in Arctic waters for insurance purposes due to many unknowns and the lack of reliable data. However, maritime activities in the Arctic area continue to grow, indicating the urgent needs for the development of innovative methods to estimate loss from potential ship‐source oil spills in the Arctic area. To fill this gap, we develop a hybrid Bayesian‐loss function‐based method to assess ship‐source oil spill‐related loss and implement an illustrative test on Baffin Island, Nunavut in Canada. The results confirm that our method can accurately assess loss and, subsequently, develop reliable insurance premiums for shipping activities in the Arctic area. This enables governmental and nongovernmental organizations alike to use the method as a reliable loss estimation mechanism for ship‐source oil spills. Also, it is a valuable tool in designing measures for safer and more resilient Arctic shipping.
Treatment of myeloid neoplasia with doxorubicin and cytarabine in 11 dogs
Authors: Matsuyama Arata , Beeler‐Marfisi Janet , Wood R. Darren , Richardson Danielle , Calvalido Jerome , Mutsaers Anthony J. , Bienzle Dorothee
Published: September 2022

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are primary myeloid neoplasms in dogs generally considered to have a poor outcome. In this study, we assessed toxicity, efficacy and outcome of concurrent administration of doxorubicin and cytarabine in 11 dogs with myeloid neoplasia. Bone marrow specimens were reviewed by three pathologists and classified as either MDS (n = 2), high grade MDS/early AML (MDS/AML; n = 4) or AML (n = 5). The median number of treatment cycles was 5 (range 1–9) and resolution of cytopenia was reported in 7 of 11 dogs including 2 dogs with MDS, 2 dogs with MDS/AML, and 3 dogs with AML. The median duration of remission in the seven responders was 344 days (range 109–1428) and the median overall survival for all dogs was 369 days. Adverse events consisted of predominantly low‐grade gastrointestinal illness and myelosuppression. Three dogs developed grade V toxicity manifesting with heart failure (n = 2) at 369 and 1170 days after diagnosis and acute gastrointestinal side effects (n =1). Despite a limited sample size, these results suggest that a doxorubicin and cytarabine protocol may be considered as a therapeutic option in dogs with myeloid neoplasia. Protocol safety, in particular regarding myocardial toxicity, and efficacy should be further investigated.
Animal models for the study of acute cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Saeed Shayan , Martins‐Green Manuela
Published: September 2022

The process of wound healing is critical to maintaining homeostasis after injury. Although a considerable amount has been learned about this complex process, much remains unknown. Whereas, studies with human volunteers are ideal given the unique nature of the human skin anatomy and immune system, the lack of such clinical access has made animal models prime candidates for use in preclinical studies. This review aims to discuss the strengths and limitations of the commonly used mammalian species in wound healing studies: murine, rabbit and porcine. Thereafter, a survey of models of various acute wounds such as cutaneous, ear, and implant are presented and representative studies that use them are described. This review is intended to acquaint readers with the vast spectrum of models available, each of which has a distinct utility. At the same time, it highlights the importance of utilising clinical samples to complement investigations conducted in animal models. Through this strategy, it is hoped that forthcoming research may be more reflective of the acute wound healing process as it occurs in humans.
Pilot study: Utility of long‐wave infrared thermography as a correlate to transcutaneous oximetry for candidates of hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Authors: Heyboer Marvin , Kozminski Andrew G. , Pacelli Lauren D. , Wojcik Susan M.
Published: September 2022

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) has been used as an adjunctive treatment for the care of advanced non‐healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). A patient's in‐chamber transcutaneous oximetry measurement (TCOM) is currently the most effective predictor for response to HBO2 therapy but still excludes close to one in four patients who would benefit out of treatment groups when used for patient selection. Improving selection tools and criteria could potentially help better demonstrate HBO2 therapy's efficacy for such patients. We sought to identify if long‐wave infrared thermography (LWIT) measurements held any correlation with a patient's TCOM measurements and if LWIT could be used in a response prediction role for adjunctive HBO2 therapy. To investigate, 24 patients already receiving TCOM measurements were enrolled to simultaneously be imaged with LWIT. LWIT measurements were taken throughout each patient's therapeutic course whether they underwent only standard wound care or adjunctive HBO2 treatments. A significant correlation was found between in‐chamber TCOM and post‐HBO2 LWIT. There was also a significant difference in the post‐HBO2 LWIT measurement from 1st treatment to 6 weeks or the last treatment recorded. These initial findings are important as they indicate a possible clinical use for LWIT in the selection process for patients for HBO2 therapy. Larger studies should be carried out to further articulate the clinical use of LWIT in this capacity.
Mandating Self-Imposed Curfew - An Analysis of PM Modi's Janta Curfew Speech
Authors: Rencewigg P Roland , Joseph Nancy Prasanna , Clement A , Anbazhagan K
Published: September 2022

This study explores the persuasive strategies used by the Indian Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi to appeal to the citizens of India, to observe ‘Janta Curfew’ or People’s Curfew, as a preventive measure to contain the spread of Covid-19 infections in India. The study maps the speech to established strategies and theories of persuasion such as Aristotle’s Rhetorical Triangle, Elaboration Likelihood Model, Monroe's Motivated Sequence, and Cognitive Dissonance Theory; and ascertains the indispensability of the aforementioned theoretical frameworks. The study also identifies Modi’s unique persuasive strategies such as wheedling, building-up (before delivering), complimenting before criticizing, Eutrepismus, and subtly titling the task; and analyzes their effectiveness in persuading the citizens of India to comply with Janta Curfew.