bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-Enabled Business Models for Competitive Advantage
Authors: - Md Firoz Kabir , - Md Imran Chowdhury Rana , - Md Towhidul Rahman Faisal , - Md Daiyan Chowdhury , - Md Yousuf Ahmad
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the transformative potential of deep learning (DL) in reshaping business models and creating sustainable competitive advantages in the digital era. While many firms have invested heavily in deep learning technologies, few have successfully harnessed their full potential to drive economic value creation and appropriation. This study addresses the critical question: How can firms leverage deep learning to create and capture value in a competitive market? Through a systematic review of existing literature and the integration of business model theory, network effects, and the theory of situated AI, this paper proposes a novel framework: Deep Learning-Enabled Business Models for Competitive Advantage. The framework emphasizes the strategic positioning of deep learning within a firm’s business model architecture to activate key business model themes such as novelty, efficiency, complementarity, and lock-in. By leveraging deep learning’s unique capabilities in pattern recognition, predictive analytics, and adaptive learning, firms can create data network effects that enhance customer retention, attract new users, and raise entry barriers for competitors. The study also highlights the importance of grounding and bounding deep learning applications within the firm’s operational and strategic context to ensure alignment with business objectives. Key findings reveal that deep learning is not merely a technological tool but a strategic enabler that can drive innovation, operational efficiency, and long-term competitive advantage. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for firms seeking to integrate deep learning into their business models, emphasizing the need for dynamic adaptation and continuous reconfiguration to maintain relevance in an ever-evolving market landscape.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Temperature and Time on Injection Moulding Plastic Manufacturing Process Technologies
Authors: - Asaad Ramadan Ali Mezda
Published: February 2025

The injection moulding technique, it is evident that injection moulding has become a crucial process in manufacturing, widely utilized across various sectors, bringing significant enhancements to production. This technique involves heating polymer materials, injecting the material into a mould, allowing it to cool, and finally yielding a finished product ready for use. The experiment highlights that injection moulding relies on three key variables: temperature, time, and cooling rate. The experiment demonstrates the actual effects of these factors on the final product This versatile technique finds applications ranging from milk cartons and bottles to aerospace components. Injection moulding has improved product quality and reduced production time and costs.
The Decline of the Indian Middle-Class Economy: A Socio-Political and Cultural Analysis
Authors: - Sudhir Maruti Jadhav , - Dr. Rajendra Gonarkar
Published: February 2025

The Indian middle class, once considered the backbone of economic progress and social mobility, is facing a significant decline due to various socio-political and cultural factors. This paper explores the impact of caste, patriarchy, politics, capitalism, social media, imitation, culture, and religion on the middle-class economy in India. By analysing these interconnected aspects, we aim to understand the structural challenges and policy implications that contribute to this decline. The research highlights the increasing economic disparity, the stagnation of real wages, and the role of digital transformation in reshaping middle-class aspirations and consumption patterns
A Predictive Approach to Assessing Microcephaly Risk in Zika Virus (ZIKV) Exposure
Authors: - Jitendra Rajbhar , - Prof. A.K. Jaiswal
Published: February 2025

A mathematical model based on integral equations has been developed and analyzed, which transforms into a dynamical system of nonlinear differential equations to assess the risk of microcephaly caused by the Zika virus. The model specifically considers a group of susceptible pregnant women. The epidemic threshold (basic reproduction number) was determined using the next-generation matrix method. Sensitivity analysis was conducted on the threshold with respect to each parameter. Lastly, multiple system simulations were performed to evaluate the incidence of exposure.
Rehabilitation and Assistance Glove for Paralysis Patients Using IoT Technology
Authors: - Suriya Prakash R , - Dr P.Balamurugan
Published: February 2025

An IoT Paralysis Patient Healthcare System uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor, support and improve the health and rehabilitation of patients with paralysis. The system typically includes sensors, wearable devices, cloud computing, and mobile applications that work together to track patient data in real-time. This data can include vital signs movement patterns and rehabilitation progress. Placed on the patient to monitor vital signs, muscle activity or movements. These sensors collect real-time health data and physical activity levels. The collected data is transmitted to cloud servers via IoT networks (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), where it is stored and analyzed. We know that these people can't able to convey their messages or needs. To communicate their needs or messages, we developed a new system called "message passing" that directs information to the person responsible for supporting those affected. This device can be designed to be mounted on the finger or to be inbuilt in their clothes.
Review on Scaling up α-Amylase Production by Bacterial Strains through Solid State Fermentation
Authors: - Gayathri V M , - Preetha S
Published: February 2025

Amylases are the most important extra cellular hydrolase enzymes used in industry. An Alpha-amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of internalα-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch to yield monosaccharides like glucose & maltose. Alpha-amylase hydrolysis starch into simple sugars. Alpha-amylase has maximum demand for its wide application in industrial purposes for food, fermentation, paper, cosmetics, textile, pharmaceutical & biofuel industries. The world market has 248916 industrially used enzyme is nearly13,608 crore 99 lakh 20 thousand. Industries found an alternative method for the production of α -amylases from plant and microbial sources instead of chemical catalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bacterial α -amylases, its production by Solid State Fermentation, and analysis of physical & chemical parameters of a-amylase production. Also this review highlights applications of α-amylases in various industries and its future perspectives.
Medicinal Properties Of Aloe Vera: A Review
Authors: - Amitav Rath , - Arun Kumar Dutta
Published: February 2025

Aloe vera, a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe, has been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine for its wide range of health benefits. This review explores the structural and chemical composition of Aloe vera, highlighting its biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective and antiviral effects, are examined in detail. This paper aims to provide a thorough understanding of Aloe vera's medicinal properties and its applications in modern healthcare system.
Smart Agriculture Through IoT: Innovations and Challenges
Authors: - Dr M SRISANKAR , - Mrs R.NISHA , - Ms R.SANGEETHA
Published: February 2025

The growth trendy the worldwide population coupled with a decline in herbal resources, farmland, and the increase in unpredictable environmental situations leads to meals protection is becoming a major concern for all countries worldwide. These issues are motivators which are driving the rural enterprise to transition to clever agriculture with the application cutting-edge the net contemporary (IoT) and huge information solutions to improve operational efficiency and productivity. The IoT integrates a series cutting-edge current solutions and technology, consisting of wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio ad hoc networks, cloud computing, large statistics, and cease-person packages. This take a look at presents a survey today's IoT solutions and demonstrates how IoT can be integrated into the clever agriculture region. To obtain this objective, we discuss the imaginative and prescient modern-day IoT-enabled clever agriculture ecosystems by way of comparing their architecture (IoT gadgets, conversation technology, massive statistics storage, and processing), their programs, and studies timeline. Similarly, we talk developments and opportunities cutting-edge IoT packages for smart agriculture and also indicate the open issues and demanding situations modern IoT software in clever agriculture. we are hoping that the findings latest this examine will represent crucial guidelines in research and merchandising modern IoT solutions aiming to improve the productivity and quality today's the agriculture zone in addition to facilitating the transition cutting-edge a future sustainable surroundings with an agro ecological method.
Mind Over Mobile: Unpacking the Effects of Mobile Phone Dependence on Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: - Maheswari Narayanasamy , - Venkatesh Mathan Kumar vasudevan , - Shankar Shanmugam Rajendran , - Anbalagan Marudhan , - Jayalakshmi Lakshmanan , - Elilarasi Mani , - Neevatha Palani
Published: February 2025

Study about the relationship between mobile phone dependence and psychological well-being among adolescence, considering demographic factors such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status.adopted a non-experimental, descriptive research design using a non-probability convenience sampling technique with 60 adolescent participants.The study found that 25% of adolescents were moderately dependent on mobile phones, 66.7% were highly dependent, and 8.3% were very highly dependent.A strong negative correlation (r = -0.75) was found between mobile phone dependence and psychological well-being.
Life-Writing in an Age of Postmodernism: A Corderian Rhetoric of Creative Nonfiction
Authors: Baumlin James S.
Published: February 2025

In the lifeworld that we experience from within and share with others, there are some things that we don’t know, some things that we can’t know, some things that we don’t need to know, and some things that we don’t want to know (or, perhaps, to admit). Parsing these differences marks the delicate artistry of creative nonfiction (CNF). Whereas fiction (as figured in the contemporary novel) has less need to censor its depictions of character, creative nonfiction must balance honesty (toward one’s subject) with authenticity (toward oneself), intimacy (toward one’s reader), and privacy (toward details of one’s lifeworld). Embracing an “ethic of care” (Nussbaum; Noddings) aids the CNF author in balancing these competing claims: It is not “the Truth,” but health and community, that contemporary CNF seeks in its narrative artistry. For a model of successful CNF, this paper turns to Jim W. Corder, a late-20th century pioneer in postmodernist life-writing. Fusing Corderian rhetoric with an ethic of care, this essay ends with a series of aphorisms supportive of Corderian practice. Along the way, it makes use of Corder’s own scholarly habit of autoethnography—that is, of incorporating personal narrative within cultural/textual analysis.
Post-Brexit Trade (re)Negotiations: Geopolitical Implications for India, UK and EU
Authors: Duke Benjamin , Tewari Saumya
Published: February 2025

International relations for the UK are set to change fundamentally. The nation is amidst the process of renegotiating trade relationships with the remaining EU member states and the world. This paper discusses one aspect of the changing geopolitical relationships caused by Brexit: new trade negotiations with Commonwealth countries. Having chosen to leave the EU brings the UK to a critical juncture geopolitically. The new trade relations trajectory is still to be set. The beginnings of the de-colonisation process changed trade ties for the British state in the 20th century. And the UK again looks towards the former colonies for trade. The UK’s post-Brexit geopolitical relations provide an ever-evolving framework for researchers who study global trade ties. The UK and Indian perspectives are considered in this paper to interpret the new landscape of the UK’s trade relationships. A postcolonial lens is employed in the paper for the critical review of ongoing post-Brexit trade relations with Commonwealth countries. In doing so, the paper delivers a comparative case study, describing the developmental benefits India may receive from new UK trade relations after Brexit. It argues that India’s trade relationship with the UK will be uncertain, whilst its position with the EU27 may strengthen.
Leadership Strategic in Facing Non-Military Threat in Indonesia: A Theoritical Review
Authors: Savitri Aida Rahma , Alamsyah Ruby
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze strategic leadership in facing non-military threats in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is the library method. The findings from this research are that strategic leadership is leadership with the ability to align the requirements of an organization's external (world) environment with its vision, mission, strategy and organization. An organization's vision describes the future shape of the organization, and an organization's mission describes its core values, goals, and reason for existence. Non-military threats are essentially threats that use non-military factors that can threaten or affect state sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the Republic of Indonesia, and national security.
Influencia de la dosis de atropina en el polo anterior de una población infantil miope
Authors: Songel Sanchis Bruno , Sanz Flores Natalia , Bella Gala Rafael , Güemes Villahoz Noemí
Published: February 2025

Relevancia: El empleo del tratamiento farmacológico en forma de colirio de atropina para el control de la progresión de la miopía infantil, puede producir cambios en las diferentes estructuras del polo anterior.
Propósito: Evaluar los cambios producidos en el polo anterior en niños miopes en tratamiento con colirio de atropina al 0,025%.
Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron niños miopes entre 4 y 16 años en tratamiento con colirio de atropina al 0,025%. Se evaluó la longitud axial, refracción ciclopléjica en equivalente esférico (EE), recuento endotelial (RE) mediante microscopía especular, diámetro pupilar en condiciones mesópicas y fotópicas, tiempo de ruptura lagrimal no invasivo (NIKBUT), mediante Keratograph, grosor corneal (PACH) central, curvatura corneal, astigmatismo y asfericidad corneal mediante tomografía (Pentacam). Se evaluó a los pacientes antes de iniciar tratamiento (basal), y a los 12 meses.
Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 68 niños miopes de edad media 9,8 ± 2,5 años. No se observaron cambios significativos en el RE, PACH, asfericidad corneal o NIKBUT (p=0,55, p=0,81, p=0,63, p=0,10, respectivamente). El diámetro pupilar aumentó tras 12 meses en condiciones mesópicas en 0,81 mm y fotópicas en 1,38 mm, p<0,001. El astigmatismo medio corneal también incrementó de 1,09 ± 0,44D a 1,22 ± 0,52D a los 12 meses, p<0,05.
Conclusiones: El uso de colirio de atropina al 0.025% no produce cambios significativos en los parámetros estudiados del polo anterior a los 12 meses de seguimiento, a excepción del esperado aumento de diámetro pupilar que fue bien tolerado por los niños. Dado el aumento del empleo de colirio de atropina como tratamiento a largo plazo para la progresión de miopía, es recomendable seguir estudios que evalúen sus efectos.
E-sports: El Impacto de los Videojuegos en la Salud Visual
Authors: Martínez Florentín Gema , Awad Farias Nabil , Del Cueto Suriel Laura
Published: February 2025

Relevancia: Esta revisión bibliográfica explora el impacto de los deportes virtuales en las habilidades visuales abriendopuertas al conocimiento de estos deportes en auge, saber más sobre sus riesgos y sus beneficios en las capacidadesvisuales y su potencial como herramientas innovadoras de entrenamiento visual.
Resumen: Los e-sports son un fenómeno que ha evolucionado en muy poco tiempo gracias al desarrollo de las nuevastecnologías. En estos últimos años, este tipo de deportes han ganado popularidad gracias a su formato accesibley atractivo. Aunque todavía sigue existiendo el debate de si se debe considerar un deporte o no.Dado que profesionalmente este tipo de deporte no ha madurado mucho, hay gran cantidad de lagunas en cuantoa cómo se debe tratar o que pautas tomar, para que los videojugadores se mantengan saludables. Por lo que, el objetivode esta revisión bibliográfica es investigar si hay alguna relación entre los deportes virtuales y las habilidadesvisuales. También hacer una revisión sobre las lesiones más frecuentes y formas de prevenirlas.
Existen numerosos estudios que evidencian que los videojuegos influencian de manera positiva las habilidades visualescomo la visión periférica o la percepción visual. También, que el impacto en los jugadores es positivo y negativoy puede variar según el tipo de juego. En cuanto a la salud visual, la mayor parte de las quejas son sobre fatiga ocular,problemas con la superficie ocular y DES. Además, reiteran la importancia de promover una serie de métodos paraprevenir patologías en este tipo de deportistas y que futuras investigaciones son necesarias en este campo.
Juventudes e coping religioso-espiritual: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Galline Diogo Luiz Santana , Esperandio Mary Rute Gomes
Published: February 2025

Por ser considerada uma etapa de transformações biopsicossociais, a fase da juventude é passível de situações estressoras. Como mecanismo de enfrentamento, é possível que os jovens se utilizem do coping religioso-espiritual (CRE), entendido como o uso de elementos da fé, religião e espiritualidade na superação de adversidades. O presente artigo tem, por finalidade, realizar revisão integrativa sobre o tema, em bases de dados virtuais, que abordasse o CRE entre os jovens. Por revisão integrativa entende-se o método de síntese de conhecimento que almeja a aplicabilidade dos resultados na prática. Utilizou-se para essa revisão três portais: Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, Portal de Periódicos CAPES e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram encontrados 48 trabalhos, categorizados por (1) língua; (2) ano de publicação; (3) temas. Confirmou-se que os jovens se utilizam do CRE para lidarem com situações estressoras. Também foi revelada a escassez de publicações que correlacionam as variáveis jovens e CRE, sobremaneira no Brasil. Os trabalhos específicos que foram encontrados são de língua inglesa, com publicação crescente a partir de 2011, relacionando-se principalmente à saúde mental (ansiedade e depressão), a instrumentos de avaliação (elaboração, validação e adaptação) e ao uso de substâncias (álcool, maconha e tabaco).
O sexagésimo aniversário do encontro entre Paulo VI e Atenágoras I: memória e desdobramentos
Authors: Dias Tiago Cosmo da Silva , Moreira Maria Angélica Franco
Published: February 2025

O artigo objetiva fazer memória do histórico abraço entre o Papa Paulo VI (1963-1978) e o Patriarca de Constantinopla Atenágoras I (1886-1972), realizado no dia 6 de janeiro de 1964, em Jerusalém. Mais do que uma mera formalidade, o encontro entre os dois líderes interrompeu quase um milênio de incomunicabilidade entre as Igrejas Católica Romana e Ortodoxa e, sobretudo, abriu novas perspectivas na trajetória ecumênica dessas Igrejas. Por essa razão, na celebração dos 60 anos desse fato, acontecido em janeiro deste ano, o Papa Francisco não só o relembrou, como aproveitou da ocasião para exortar à unidade e à paz, uma prova que, de fato, aquele abraço não marcou apenas um momento, mas ainda continua a ser expressão de anseios profundos da humanidade.
Skrīninga metode uzlabotai vienšūnu proteīna ražošanai
Authors:   , Raita Svetlana
Published: February 2025

Promocijas darbā pētīta jauna pieeja mutantu celmu radīšanai ar uzlabotu neaizstājamo aminoskābju profilu. Šī pieeja izmanto aminoskābju biosintēzes inhibitorus (tīrus herbicīdu savienojumus), lai atlasītu mutantus ar uzlabotām īpašībām, kas izveidoti ar nejaušās mutaģenēzes palīdzību. Aplūkotas iespējas uzlabot mikroorganismu proteīnu biosintēzi, izmantojot divas stratēģijas – mikrobiālās fermentācijas procesa optimizāciju un mutaģenēzi. Izveidota aminoskābju inhibitoru datubāze, kurā detalizēti aprakstīta to specifika, mērķa aminoskābes, ietekme uz mikroorganismu augšanu, devas, blakusparādības un lietošanas apstākļi. Veikta aminoskābju biosintēzes inhibitoru daudzkritēriju analīze un iekļauts darbā izmantoto materiālu, procedūru un iekārtu apraksts. Analizēti un aprakstīti daudzkritēriju analīzes un eksperimentālā pētījuma rezultāti. Radīto mutantu aminoskābju profili analizēti un salīdzināti ar savvaļas tipa celmu un citiem vienšūnu proteīnu ražojošiem raugiem.
Comparative study of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorism Structure and the CIS Counter-Terrorism Center in the field of anti-terrorism
Authors: Li Ziman
Published: February 2025

The subject of the article is a discussion of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure and the CIS Anti-Terrorist Center, which offer new approaches to future anti-terrorist cooperation. The article focuses on two regional anti–terrorism bodies, which have different anti-terrorism legislation and priorities, different leading countries and different potential for developing anti-terrorist cooperation, each of which has its advantages. Both organizations face the threat of terrorism existing in the common Central Asia and neighboring regions, and in order to enhance the ability to combat terrorism, anti-terrorist cooperation between the two organizations at the international, regional and domestic levels provides theoretical and practical recommendations for regional anti-terrorist cooperation and contributes to the improvement and development of mechanisms for regional anti-terrorist cooperation. The article uses the method of comparative research, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the two organizations in anti-terrorist cooperation by comparing and analyzing their founding goals, internal structures and mechanisms of work. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that previous studies of anti-terrorist cooperation were mainly devoted to the analysis of individual international organizations, whereas this article compares and compares the SCO RATS and the CIS ATC in order to offer new ideas for studying regional anti-terrorist cooperation. It is concluded that both organizations contribute to building global and regional security systems, but the CIS ATC has more comprehensive anti–terrorism legislation, while the SCO RATS has weak legislation; the CIS ATC is mainly dominated by Russia, while the SCO RATS is dominated by China and Russia; the number of CIS ATC member states is declining, and the development potential is limited, while the SCO RATS is shrinking. The number of CIS ATC member countries is decreasing, and its development potential is limited, while the SCO RATS is growing and has great development potential. Anti-terrorist cooperation in regional organizations should fully play the role of leading countries, take into account the interests and needs of member States, and clarify the jurisdiction of anti-terrorist cooperation.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic assessment of tucatinib in rat plasma
Authors: Ramarao Bandaru Venkata , Kamalakaran Anand Solomon
Published: February 2025

Tucatinib, a selective HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor demonstrating unique survival benefits for HER2-positive breast cancer patients, can be precisely measured in rat plasma using a validated LC-MS/MS method. To ensure reliable quantification, the method incorporates Imatinib as an internal standard (IS). This allows for the accurate measurement of Tucatinib concentrations over a wide linear range, spanning from 0.05 to 1000 ng/ml. Protein precipitation is employed for sample preparation. This involves adding 2:1 acetonitrile (200 μl) to rat plasma (100 μl) to extract both Tucatinib and the IS. The combination of a Kinetex C18 column and a gradient mobile phase system achieves rapid and clean separation of Tucatinib and the IS in only 1.5 minutes. For separation, two mobile phases: A (water with 0.1% formic acid) and B (a 50:50 mix of acetonitrile and methanol, both with 0.1% formic acid) were used. This approach facilitated the sensitive detection of both Tucatinib and the IS using a specific method named positive electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. ESI-MRM enhances the selectivity of the analysis, ensuring we only measure the desired compounds. The method achieves a low limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05 ng/ml, indicating its high sensitivity for detecting Tucatinib. Excellent linearity was observed for the standard curve (r² > 0.9997) across a broad concentration range of 0.05 to 1000 ng/ml. This signifies a strong, positive relationship between Tucatinib concentration and the instrument›s response. Furthermore, the method adheres to the established criteria set by the Food and Drug Administration for both precision and accuracy, assessed within and between days (intra- and inter-day). To ensure the method’s robustness, stability studies evaluated Tucatinib and the IS under various conditions, including bench-top stability, auto-sampler compatibility, long-term storage, and freeze-thaw cycles. This successful validation paves the way for the method’s reliable application in pharmacokinetic studies.
Immunostimulatory effects of Physalis angulata L fruit extract: An in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Riski Radhia , Adnyana I. Ketut , Nugraha Yuda Prasetya , Rachmawati Heni
Published: February 2025

Physalis angulata L fruit extract is a promising natural substance with immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and investigate the immunostimulatory effect of P. angulata L fruit extract using hematological parameters and nitric oxide (NO) production. Fruit extract was characterized through standardization, LC-ESI-MS analysis, and determination of total phenolic content. In vivo immunostimulatory effect tests were conducted on Wistar rats using hematological parameters. Meanwhile, an in vitro test was performed on RAW 264.7 cells through cell viability and NO assays. LC-ESI-MS analysis showed 16 secondary metabolite compounds in P. angulata L fruit extract, and the total phenolic content was 2.895 mg/g gallic acid. Additionally, an in vivo immunostimulatory effect test identified that a 300 mg/70 kg BW dose of fruit extract increased the levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes in male Wistar rats. In vitro test results showed that cell viability induced by P. angulata L fruit extract averaged above 100% to a concentration of 500 ppm. Furthermore, NO production in cells administered with extract was higher compared to other treatments. In conclusion, P. angulata L fruit extract could enhance the immune system, suggesting the potential for development as a natural immunostimulant.
Dynamic Gamma Modulation of Hippocampal Place Cells Predominates Development of Theta Sequences
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Yimeng , Guo Mingkun , Wang Ling , Wang Xueling , Zhu Nan , Yang Jiajia , Wang Lei , Zheng Chenguang , Ming Dong
Published: February 2025

The experience-dependent spatial cognitive process requires sequential organization of hippocampal neural activities by theta rhythm, which develops to represent highly compressed information for rapid learning. However, how the theta sequences were developed in a finer time scale within theta cycles remains unclear. In this study, we found that sweep-ahead structure of theta sequences developing with exploration was predominantly dependent on a relatively large proportion of FG-cells, i.e. a subset of place cells dominantly phase-locked to fast gamma rhythms. These ensembles integrated compressed spatial information by cells consistently firing at precessing slow gamma phases within the theta cycle. Accordingly, the sweep-ahead structure of FG-cell sequences was positively correlated with the intensity of slow gamma phase precession, in particular during early development of theta sequences. These findings highlight the dynamic network-modulation by fast and slow gamma in the development of theta sequences which may further facilitate memory encoding and retrieval.
Optimizing Green Gram-Sorghum Intercropping in Dryland Kenya: The Impact of Double Row Planting on System Productivity
Authors: Yumbya Bernard M.
Published: February 2025

Small scale farmers in dryland areas normally grow green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under sole crop system. However, studies done on intercropping systems have established that plant arrangement patterns affect crop growth and yield of the companion crops. To advance a better understanding of the effect of crop arrangement in green gram varieties intercropped with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), two field experiments were conducted in Mwala and Katangi during the 2022 short rains season in dryland areas of Kenya. This study was explored under two intercrop arrangement patterns (Single row; alternate rows of sorghum and green gram; double row, double alternate rows of sorghum and green gram) as well as checks of both sole crops. Four green gram varieties such as KS20, N26, Biashara, and Karembo were intercropped with sorghum variety Seredo. Treatments were placed in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement where crop arrangement system formed the main plots while the green gram variety assumed the subplots and replicated three times. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using R software and treatment means separated by Fisherʼs least significant difference at 5% probability. The results of the present study show that sole green gram recorded the highest yield of 0.9 t ha-1 the same way sole sorghum recorded the highest yield of 2.7 t ha-1. Variety N26 recorded highest yield of 1.0 t ha-1 despite Biashara variety recording higher seed weight than N26 by 29%. Double row recorded a higher area time equivalent ratio of 1.5, and benefit-cost ratio of 4.3. In conclusion, double row of variety N26 was found to be more efficient and profitable for adoption in southeastern Kenya. However, future research could be done across contrasting sites in different seasons and focus on the optimum spacing that can reduce intercropping competition and improve yield performance.
Influence of Weather Parameters on Pollen and Nectar Foraging Activity of Apis and Non-Apis Species of Honey Bees in Wild and Cultivated Varieties of Jamun (Syzygium cumuni L. Skeels)
Authors: G Eswarappa , B Gagan , S Anitha , R K Somashekar , K S Jagadish
Published: February 2025

The study on influence of weather parameters on pollen and nectar foraging activity of Apis and non-Apis species of honey bees in wild and cultivated varieties of jamun revealed that two peaks in nectar forager activity of A. dorsata, A. florea and A. cerana  was recorded, the first peak  during 0800-1200hr and second peak during 1400-1800hr, whereas in the case of T. iridipennis, one peak during 0800-0900hr was observed. Only one peak in the pollen forager of A. dorsata, A. florea and A. cerana was recorded during 0900-1200/1300hr, where as in case of T. iridipennis, two peaks were observed, the first peak during 1000-1200hr and the second peak during 1500-1800hr. The nectar foragers of T. iridipennis showed a significant negative, a significant positive and a significant negative correlation at five per cent level of significance with hourly temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The nectar foragers of A. cerana had a significant positive correlation on wild S. cumini at GKVK at five per cent level of significance with hourly wind speed. A highly significant positive, a significant positive and a non-significant negative correlation at one and five per cent level of significance existed between the number of pollen foragers of T. iridipennis with hourly wind speed, temperature and relative humidity. Out of studied Apis and non-Apis bees, the relative humidity and wind speed affected the pollen and nectar foragers of T. iridipennis on wild and cultivated varieties of jamun.
Studying Genetic Diversity in Genotypes of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Using Agro-morphological Traits for Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Mandal Raj Kumar , Mallikarjun  , Suresh Karantothu , Choudhary V.K. , Choudhary H.C. , Chetna
Published: February 2025

Linseed is one of the oldest plants grown for food, oil and fibre worldwide popularly known as flax. As an oilseed crop, linseed is unique in that it can produce technical-grade vegetable oil and high-quality fiber that are strong and durable. The trial was conducted in the winter cropping season (2022-23) at Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi, Department of Seed Science and Technology (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University), Pusa, Samastipur in Bihar. Randomized Block Design (RBD) was employed during the study with statistical methods being used to analyze data. The D2 analysis (Mahalanobis' D² statistic) was used to assess genetic divergence among 26 linseed genotypes. Significant genetic diversity was discovered with similar genotypes falling into fifteen clusters. The genetic differentiation of the genotypes was shown to be significant because the degree of variation within clusters was found to be less than that between them. The highest genetic difference among them was observed between IX and III cluster, indicating a high level of genetic divergence between these two clusters. Conversely, inter-cluster distance between IV & I was the smallest meaning close genetic association among their constituents. Capsules number per plant had the highest contribution towards genetic divergence followed by plant height; time to 50% flowering; 1000-seed weight; seed yield; days to maturity; and harvest index when all traits were considered. These discoveries demonstrate one thing: these traits should be considered when selecting superior genes for breeding programs aimed at improving quality and productivity in flax seeds production.
Identification of the human mitochondrial protein import receptor, huMas20p. Complementation of Δmas20 in yeast
Authors: Swie Goping Ing , Millar Douglas G. , Shore Gordon C.
Published: July 2002

The human homolog of the S. cerevisiaelN. crassa mitochondrial protein import receptor, Mas20p/MOM19, has been identified and characterized. Sequence similarities between these three proteins is most pronounced within the NH2‐terminal third of the molecules. However, the mammalian protein exhibits only weak homology to the tetratricopeptide repeat B domain that is found in Mas20p/MOM19. huMas20p is targeted and inserted into the outer membrane of isolated rat heart mitochondria, in the Nin‐Ccyto orientation. Antibodies directed against the soluble portion of huMas20p inhibited in vitro mitochondrial import of a diverse set of precursor proteins (including inner membrane uncoupling protein), but failed to block import of a fusion protein bearing the signal‐anchor sequence of Mas20p itself. Finally, expression of huMAS20 complemented the respiratory defect of Δmas20 yeast cells. Together, these results demonstrate that huMAS20p is a component of the mammalian import apparatus.
Transforming growth factor‐β1: A lesion‐associated cytokine of the nervous system
Authors: Kiefer Reinhard , Streit Wolfgang J. , Toyka Klaus V. , Kreutzberg Georg W. , Hartung Hans‐Peter
Published: July 2002

Lesions to the nervous system are nearly universally accompanied by a glial response involving both microglia and astrocytes. The growth and immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) has potent effects on glial cells in vitro and may play a role in regulating glial activation in vivo. Though present only at very low levels in the normal brain, TGF‐β1 mRNA is strongly upregulated in a number of different experimental models suitable to study glial responses. Following axotomy of the facial nerve of the rat, about a three‐fold increase of TGF‐β1 mRNA in the regenerating nucleus was observed with a time‐course closely matching that of glial activation. Putative activated microglial cells are the major cellular source as revealed by in‐situ hybridization. TGF‐β1 was also found to be upregulated around brain tumors, in the spinal cord in response to peripheral nerve inflammation and in the postishemic hippocampus. In all systems investigated, TGF‐β1 mRNA could be localized predominantly to cells with the typical nuclear morphology of microglia. In the peripheral nervous system, nerve transection leads to a massive increase in TGF‐β mRNA expression both proximal and distal to the cut site. However, whereas TGF‐β1 mRNA is restricted to the nerve stump in the proximal segment, expression is diffuse and widespread throughout the denervated distal segment where it was localized mainly to cells with macrophage morphology. Thus, TGF‐β appears to be uniformly expressed by microglial cells of the central nervous system whenever these cells become activated and might be required for microglial cells to control their own activation and cytotoxicity. In addition, our data suggest that TGF‐β1 might also be regulating cellular responses in the peripheral nervous system in response to injury.
Exposure to lead‐acetate modulates the developmental expression of myelin genes in the rat frontal lobe
Authors: Zawia N.H. , Harry G.J.
Published: July 2002

Postnatal exposure to high levels (4%) of lead (Pb) have been shown to disrupt myelin formation and result in abnormal conduction of nerve impulses, components necessary for information processing in the CNS. To investigate whether the pathological changes in myelin, we have might be partially mediated by modulations of the expression of genes involved in CNS myelin, we have examined the developmental profiles of the proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP), two major structural constitents of CNS myelin and 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′ phosphodiesterase (CNP), a non‐structural enzyme associated with myeline formation. Rat pups were postnatally exposed, from birth to weaning, to moderate amounts of Pb (0.2%), in the drinking water of the dam, and their frontal cortices were assayed for changes in the expression profile of the above genes by Northern Analysis. On PND 20, Pb resulted in a dramatic stimulation of the mRNA levels of PLP and a small increase in MBP mRNA levels, but had no effect on the CNP message. These data suggest that moderate levels of Pb selectively interfere with the gene expression of structural proteins of CNS myelin and may thus influence the composition of myelin in this way.
Cocultures of meningeal and astrocytic cells—A model for the formation of the glial‐limiting membrane
Authors: Struckhoff Gernot
Published: July 2002

The glial‐limiting membrane at the border of the central nervous system (CNS) consists of glial endfeet covered by a basal lamina. The formation of the glia limitans seems to be controlled by adjacent meninges but only little is known about this interaction. In the present study astrocytes and meningeal cells were investigated in vitro to see if cocultures of these cells can serve as a suitable model for the differentiation of the glial‐limiting membrane and can be used to define the conditions under which the glial‐limiting membrane develops. The following observations were made in cocultures of meningeal and astrocytic cells of two‐day‐old rats: (i) epithelioid astrocytes were transformed into stellate cells; (ii) single colonies of proliferating epithelioid astrocytes were generated; (iii) the area around these colonies becomes devoid of meningeal cells, which seem to form a circular border around the astroglial islands; (iv) from the glial colonies long thin glial processes grow towards the surrounding meningeal cells, terminating at the site of contact; (v) in the contact zone between meningeal cells and astrocytes irregular shaped deposits of electron dense material resembling a basal lamina were seen. These observations indicate that indeed a structure resembling a glial‐limiting membrane develops in cocultures of meningeal and astrocytic cells. Its formation depends on the balance of growth promoting effects of meningeal cells on astrocytes and growth inhibiting effects of astrocytes on meningeal cells. Both activities can be enriched from conditioned media of pure astrocytic or meningeal cell culture. The proposed model of meningo‐astrocytic cocultures may be a helpful instrument for further investigations on the formation of the glia limitans.
Effects of ATP analogues and basic fibroblast growth factor on astroglial cell differentiation in primary cultures of rat striatum
Authors: Abbracchio M.P. , Ceruti S. , Langfelder R. , Cattabeni F. , Saffrey M.J. , Burnstock G.
Published: July 2002

We have used primary cultures of rat striatum to study the effects of ATP analogues on the elongation of astrocytic processes, a parameter of astroglial cell differentiation. Parallel studies were performed with basic fibroblast growth factor, a known regulator of astroglial cell function. After three days in culture, both the growth factor and αβ‐methylene‐ATP induced dramatic increases in the mean length of astrocytic processes/cell. For both agents, effects were dose‐dependent. The effect of αβ‐methylene‐ATP was antagonized by the trypanoside suramin and mimicked by 2‐methyl‐thio‐ATP, suggesting the involvement of a suramin‐sensitive P2‐purinoceptor. Neither an additive nor a synergistic effect between αβ‐methylene‐ATP and basic fibroblast growth factor on the elongation of processes was detected in cultures exposed to both agents. Indeed, an inhibition with respect to the effects induced by either agent alone was recorded, suggesting that the growth factor and the purine analogue can modulate astrocytic differentiation by activation of common intracellular pathways.

It is concluded that, like basic fibroblast growth factor, ATP can promote the maturation of astrocytes towards a more differentiated phenotype characterized by the presence of longer astrocytic processes. These findings might have interesting implications for astroglial cell differentiation during brain development and for ischemia‐ and trauma‐associated hypergliosis.
Effects of chronic and acute oestrogen treatment on the developing noradrenaline‐containing nerves of the rat uterus
Authors: Brauer M.M. , Corbacho A.M. , Burnstock G.
Published: July 2002

The developing noradrenaline‐containing (NA‐C) sympathetic nerves of the rat uterus were analyzed following acute and chronic treatment with oestrogen. Histochemical methods were used in association with nerve density measurements and biochemical assays. For comparative purposes, noradrenaline (NA) levels were measured in the urinary bladder and right auricle following chronic oestrogen treatment. Acute treatment was performed by s.c. administration of a single dose of 40 μg oestradiol cypionate on the 25th day of age. Chronic treatment consisted of four doses of 10 μg oestradiol on days 10, 15, 20 and 25 of postnatal development. Both acute‐ and chronic‐treated animals were killed at 28 days of age. The main biochemical findings were the following: (a) both acute and chronic oestrogen treatment increased the weight of the uterine horn, parametrial tissue and uterine cervix; (b) in the uterine horn, the total content of NA was reduced following both oestrogen treatments. However, the degree of reduction was greater after chronic treatment; (c) in the parametrial tissue, the NA levels were reduced only after chronic treatment; (d) in the cervix, the NA total content was increased after both treatments; (e) in the urinary bladder, there was a parallel increase between organ growth and NA content following chronic oestrogen treatment; (e) in the auricle neither the tissue weight nor the total content of NA were changed by chronic estrogen treatment.

Histochemical studies showed that: (a) acute treatment with one single dose of oestradiol, provoked a marked reduction in the density of NA‐C nerves associated with the myometrial and parametrial smooth muscle, without affecting the innervation of blood vessels; (b) following chronic treatment, the only fibers we were able to recognize were those associated with blood vessels. These fibers were thinner and less intensely fluorescent than in controls. Results are interpreted considering the differential sensitivity of uterine nerves to sex hormones. A possible involvement of oestrogen in changes of noradrenergic innervation of the uterus following puberty is discussed.
Mechanisms of pattern generation in co‐cultures of embryonic spinal cord and skeletal muscle
Authors: Streit Jürg
Published: July 2002

Spontaneous output patterns of embryonic spinal cord slices in vitro were investigated in order to study the formation of pattern‐generating networks. Patterns of spontaneous contractions of skeletal muscle fibers were recorded in co‐cultures of embryonic rat spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and skeletal muscle. A part of these contractions was shown to be driven by spinal circuits. These neuron‐driven activity patterns changed from random to rhythmic when the inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord were blocked by strychnine, bicuculline or both. Rhythmic patterns consisted of bursts of activity (tetanic contractions) followed by periods of relaxation. The transition from random to rhythmic patterns occurred during a period of heavily increased rate of activity. Presynaptic inhibition was not involved critically in the generation of rhythmic patterns. Such patterns were, however, modulated through muscarinic and α‐adrenergic receptors. Neither NMDA nor glutamate nor its uptake blocker dihydrokainate induced rhythmic patterns of contraction, although NMDA in the presence of low magnesium increased moderately the rate of random activity. In order to study the size of pattern‐generating networks, parts of the spinal cord slices were sectioned during rhythmic activity. Tangential cuts at the lateral or dorsal side of the slices reduced either the rate or the duration of the bursts or both. Sagittal cuts suppressed the activity almost totally. These findings suggest that the pattern generators in the slices consist of excitatory networks covering the entire slice, and that these networks reverberate following spontaneous activity of some distributed elements.
Ankyrins
Authors: Rubtsov Alexander M , Lopina Olga D
Published: July 2002

This review is focused on ankyrin which is a protein linker between the integral membrane proteins and spectrin‐based cytoskeleton. Structure and distribution of different ankyrin isoforms that are products of alternative‐spliced genes are described. Interaction of ankyrins with various membranes is considered. Special attention is paid to ankyrin participation in signal transduction and in assembly of integral membrane proteins in specialized membrane domains.
Inositol polyphosphate kinase activity of Arg82/ArgRIII is not required for the regulation of the arginine metabolism in yeast
Authors: Dubois Evelyne , Dewaste Valérie , Erneux Christophe , Messenguy Francine
Published: July 2002

Arg82, a nuclear regulator of diverse cellular processes in yeast, is an inositol polyphosphate kinase. Some defects such as the regulation of arginine metabolism observed in an arg82Δ, result from a lack of Mcm1 and Arg80 stability. We show here that neither the kinase activity of Arg82 nor inositol phosphates are required for the control of arginine metabolism. Arg82 mutations keeping kinase active affect the expression of arginine genes, whereas mutations in the kinase domain do not impair this metabolic control.