bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventive effect of Enterococcus faecalis and β-glucan on the onset and exacerbation of symptoms of atopic dermatitis in mice
Authors: Baba Kazunobu , Oomori Akina , Miyazaki Tadaaki
Published: July 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with an immune response caused by the excessive production of IgE antibodies. This is accompanied by excessive itching as a clinical symptom, leading to a great burden and anxiety in daily life. At present, there is no established treatment that can completely cure AD, and symptomatic treatment alleviates symptoms to the extent that they do not interfere with daily life. Recent research has suggested that the ingestion of either various lactic acid bacteria or β-glucan suppressed the production of IgE antibodies and alleviated the symptoms of AD. Therefore, in this study, we used a drug-induced AD mouse model to evaluate the amelioration effect of EC-12 and β-glucan derived from black yeast to investigate the mechanism involved. The oral administration of lactic acid bacteria inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes at the lesion site, and the administration of β-glucan downregulated serum IgE levels and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes at the lesion site. The concomitant administration of EC-12 and β-glucan strongly suppressed AD symptoms, downregulated serum IgE levels, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines at the lesion site. In summary, the oral administration of EC-12 and β-glucan prevented AD in mice.
Cities and "Postcovidcene", an open challenge
Authors: Messina Giovanni , Nicosia Enrico
Published: July 2023

This contribution aims to connect to the reflection on the relationship between sustainability and urban spaces. From a theoretical point of view, cities have been represented as autopoietic spaces that fully embody the criticalities and dynamics of the Anthropocene and, as a consequence, that possess endogenous energies for regeneration. In this sense, Covid-19 broke into history and catalyzed the reflections and strategies of urban regeneration. Having clarified these aspects, the contribution, through analysis of official documents and the bibliography, intends to critically focus on the impact that the EU Next Generation Plan has on the dynamics of urban regeneration and sustainability and to address, as a case study, the transformative dynamics of the city of Amsterdam, already initiated before the pandemic.
Associations of Workplace Violence With Cardiovascular Disease Among United States Workers: Findings From a National Survey
Authors: Hu Zheyu , Li Jian
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Recent research indicates a potential association between workplace violence and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the working-age population. However, the relevant evidence in the United States is sparse. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the possible relationship between workplace violence and CVD among United States workers.Methods: We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, which included a representative sample of 18 380 workers, to investigate the associations between workplace violence and the prevalence of CVD using logistic regression. Workplace violence was determined based on self-reported threats, bullying, or harassment at work over the past 12 months, supplemented with additional information regarding frequency. CVD included all forms of heart disease and stroke.Results: A total of 1334 workers reported experiences of workplace violence, and 1336 workers were diagnosed with CVD. After adjustment for covariates, participants who reported any instance of workplace violence had significantly higher odds of having CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 2.30) than those who reported no such violence. Furthermore, the highest odds of CVD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.63) were observed among those frequently exposed to workplace violence. Even occasional exposure to workplace violence was associated with 74% excess odds of CVD.Conclusions: Our study indicates an association between workplace violence and CVD in United States workers, exhibiting a dose-response pattern.
Antecedentes del debate sobre el estatuto toledano de 1547: Juan Bernal Díaz de Luco y Alejo Venegas de Busto contra la Limpieza de Sangre en tiempos del arzobispo Juan Pardo de Tavera (c. 1536-1542)
Authors: Rizzuto Claudio César
Published: July 2023

Este artículo se ocupa de la oposición a los estatutos de Limpieza de Sangre por parte de Juan Bernal Díaz de Luco (1495-1556) y Alejo Venegas de Busto (c. 1498-1562) en tiempos de Juan Pardo de Tavera (1472-1545) como arzobispo de Toledo, figura de la Corte con la que ambos tuvieron una relación patrón/cliente. Como Díaz de Luco y Venegas expresaron sus opiniones sobre la Limpieza de Sangre en tiempos en que Tavera habría procurado establecer unos estatutos en la catedral de su arzobispado, resulta de interés analizarlas como parte de la controversia que pudiese haber generado este intento, así como para ejemplificar límites de las relaciones de patronazgo y su influencia en las posiciones religiosas y sociales, en este caso, vinculadas a la situación de los conversos.
El converso que defendió la Inquisición: antiluteranismo, apocalipticismo y paulinismo en los espejos de príncipes de Luis de Maluenda (1537-1545)
Authors: Cavallero Constanza
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo estudia ciertos trazos del pensamiento de Luis de Maluenda, un fraile franciscano y predicador popular nacido en Burgos que escribió un conjunto de obras devocionales en el reino de Castilla en las décadas de 1530 y 1540. Busca hacer hincapié, sobre todo, en la defensa que hace el fraile de la integración de los conversos de origen judío en la sociedad hispana y católica del siglo xvi. A partir del estudio de (a) su postura respecto de la herejía y de la Inquisición, (b) su mirada sobre el fin del mundo y (c) el modo en que leía –y creía que debían ser leídas– las cartas del apóstol Pablo, este estudio pretende incluir a Maluenda dentro del «ambiente converso» de la época, con sus peculiaridades y extravagancias. Intenta mostrar que la imagen de gran opositor del luteranismo y de las nuevas sectas de letrados heréticos de Luis de Maluenda –imagen que emerge fácilmente de sus escritos y que la historiografía especializada se ocupó de señalar– convive y se conjuga con su disconformidad ante la discriminación de correligionarios cristianos por motivos de linaje y con su crítica a los excesos inquisitoriales.
Dos citas contenidas en el Kitāb al-muḥāḍarah wa-l-mudhākarah de Mosheh b. ʿEzraʾ procedentes del Kitāb al-Zabūr de Hafṣ b. Albar al-Qūṭī
Authors: Monferrer-Sala Juan Pedro
Published: July 2023

En este trabajo estudiamos las dos citas que, tomadas del Kitāb al-Zabūr de Ḥafṣ b. Albar al-Qūṭī, incluyó Mošeh b. ʿEzraʾ en su Kitāb al-muḥāḍarah wa-l-muḏākarah. El cotejo de ambas citas con sus respectivos textos originales muestra que la transmisiónde la obra de Mošeh b. ʿEzraʾ experimentó una serie de cambios en el proceso de transmisión del texto, pero sobre todo informa de que el mismo Mošeh b. ʿEzraʾ, o tal vez un copista posterior, adaptó el texto original árabe de la cita correspondiente a la traducción del Salmo 54,22 (55,22 del texto hebreo) a la lectura del texto hebreo, aunque con incidencia en la métrica del versículo en algún caso. Además, estas dos citas informan de que el uso de la introducción y traducción de Ḥafṣ b. Albar al-Qūṭī, finalizada el año 889 d.C., seguía estando en boga durante el primer tercio del siglo XII.
The Case for Self-Education. The Self-Help Manuals of the Communication Centre of Scientific Knowledge for Self-Reliance
Authors: Lausch Frederike
Published: July 2023

This paper addresses self-help manuals presenting planning, building and survival knowledge in the form of comic strips. They were designed by the Communication Centre of Scientific Knowledge for Self-Reliance (CCSK) and distributed globally, with a particular focus on India. The CCSK, founded in 1982-83 by architects Yona Friedman and Eda Schaur and funded by the United Nations University (UNU), imagined a multidirectional exchange of different forms of expertise, taking the knowledge and agency of non-professionals into account and aiming to question conventional concepts of the expert. This paper asks how different forms of expertise were acknowledged, constructed, and challenged in the CCSK manuals. It situates Schaur and Friedman’s work within the discourse on self-help in general and on “appropriate technology” and the role of communication media and visualization techniques in development aid in particular. Although the knowledge transfer from “developing countries” to industrialized ones remained largely imaginary, the CCSK contributed to establishing development as a global and mutual learning process, a concept especially advocated by the UNU.
Desafios e perspectivas epistemológicas para o ensino de línguas na pós-modernidade à luz da Linguística Aplicada Crítica e do Pós-Método
Authors: Weirich da Silva Coelho Iandra Maria
Published: July 2023

Este artigo apresenta os principais desafios e perspectivas epistemológicas relacionadas ao ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, na época denominada pós-moderna. Está respaldado em princípios da Pedagogia Pós-método e da  Linguística Aplicada Crítica. A metodologia é de natureza bibliográfica e qualitativa, com uso do método da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam entre os principais desafios, a adoção de uma atitude disruptiva epistemológica,   metodológica e decolonial, a compreensão da sala de aula como espaço produtivo  de construções identitárias, de questionamento das tradições culturais e de fomento às práticas translíngues, a utilização do pós-método como um movimento questionador de metodologias, abordagens e currículos e o deslocamento das fronteiras, sob a égide de  perspectivas epistemológicas críticas,  fronteiriças, translíngues, dialógicas, decoloniais e de multiletramentos. 
Palavras-chave: Ensino de línguas; Pós-método; Linguística Aplicada Crítica.
Decolonialidade, letramentos e formação docente na perspectiva de Luanda Rejane Soares Sito
Authors: Sito Luanda Soares , Cadilhe Alexandre José , Pessoa Rosane Rocha
Published: July 2023

Entrevista com a Profa. Dra. Luanda Sito sobre decolonialidade, letramentos e formação docente.
Diversity and Employee Engagement in the 21st Century Organisation
Authors: Obuobisa-Darko Theresa , Sokro Evans , Afedzie Richard
Published: July 2023

Globalisation has affected the work environment, leading to an increase in the workforce. Workforce diversity describes ways employees differ by way of values, beliefs, experiences, backgrounds, preferences, and behaviours. While organisational success depends on effective management of its workforce by leaders, the adoption of appropriate leadership style, like inclusive leadership, has become one of the strategic mechanisms to manage the diverse workforce in the 21st century organisation. Inclusive leadership, a relational leadership style, tends to be open, accessible, available, self-aware, committed, collaborative and culturally intelligent. Premised on social exchange theory, these unique characteristics make the diverse subordinates of inclusive leaders feel valued and reciprocate by being dedicated, absorbed, and working with vigour. The chapter advocates for inclusive leadership style as the preferred leadership style to manage diverse workforce to promote employee engagement in the 21st century organisation. The chapter ends with suggestions for future research.
The Challenges and Constructive Role of Journalism During COVID-19 in Communication Ecology of Pandemic Reporting in the Global South
Authors: Khan Sanan Waheed , Abdullah Zulhamri , Raza Syed Hassan , Siriphan Thathira , Mookda Rarina , Fitriani Rani Siti
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented various challenges for journalism and the media in the Global South. In many countries, media outlets are struggling to cover the pandemic due to limited resources, weak infrastructure, and the impact of government restrictions on freedom of expression. During the COVID-19 outbreak, the media must acquire and distribute correct information. This research examines the discursive creation of journalism during the COVID-19 conflict. The researcher analyzed discourses on the coronavirus pandemic from interviews with journalists and the Pakistani journalism trade press. In COVID-19, journalists discursively positioned themselves as responsible yet susceptible members of the communication ecology, not just because of the pandemic but also environmental factors that preceded it. The study concludes that health reporters in Pakistan can filter fake news during the COVID-19 pandemic by verifying information, fact-checking, using trusted sources, avoiding sensationalism, and collaborating with medical experts.
Gender Equality as a Cultural Requisite for Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Authors: Iguodala-Cole Hope Imuetinyan , Haruna Mageed Oshogwe
Published: July 2023

It is crucial to understand that development is an existent fact that demands the contribution of each gender in order to grasp gender roles factually and their significance in the defense of unassailable rights as well as how they affect them. This research examined gender issues in Nigeria and Africa in general and how they have affected development. A combination of the theory of recognition and structural functionalist theory was employed to examine gender concerns and how they might spur progress if well-managed. The researchers used secondary data sources to collect relevant information and used thematic analysis to analyse the data generated. The study shows that there are three categories of socially sanctioned moral rules that establish limits on how well individuals are accepted as members of society in contemporary cultures. The chapter recommends the need for men and women to view their positions as significant but not superior in order to attain sustainable development.
Feasibility of Green Tourism in Small European Emerging Economies
Authors: Bradić-Martinović Aleksandra , Antonijević Marija , Lazić Milena
Published: July 2023

Expansion of the tourism sector can lead to environmental deterioration. In response, initiatives for sustainable tourism have emerged, followed by certification schemes to promote sustainable consumption, and align consumer preferences and behavior. However, many destinations struggle to satisfy these standards, particularly in smaller developing countries. This chapter aims to analyze the possibility of certification for a spa destination in Serbia, an emerging economy in South-East Europe, using it as a case study to understand the certification process and draw a conclusion about the capacity of small destinations to meet requirements. The research is focused on green destination standard as the most notable validation of the GSTC criterion in the case of Sokobanja Spa. Although the destination in the case study could not receive certification, the results and examples of successful destinations in the region indicate that certification is achievable with the systematic effort of the destination's management and national-level support, particularly in the infrastructure segment.
Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Authors: Faria Raquel Maria do Espírito Santo , Torres Ana Isabel , Beirão Gabriela
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has altered our world in numerous ways. Although its application has benefits, the underlying issues surrounding privacy and security in AI need to be understood, not only by the organizations that use it but also by the users that are susceptible to its vulnerabilities. To better understand the impact of privacy and security in AI, this chapter reviews the current literature on artificial intelligence, trustworthiness, and privacy and security concepts and uses bibliometric techniques to understand and identify current trends in the field. Finally, the authors highlight the challenges facing AI and machine learning and discuss the results obtained from the bibliometric analysis, which provides insight into the several implications for managers and contributions to future research and policy.
Examining User Understanding and Perceptions of E-Commerce Data Privacy, Security, and Protection
Authors: Sankar Jeganathan Gomathi , David Arokiaraj , Valan P.
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the level of understanding that internet users have regarding data privacy, security, and protection. The study aims to determine the extent to which individuals are conscious of the potential hazards of sharing personal information online and the steps they take to secure their data. The research also examines the role of technology companies and government agencies in educating internet users about data privacy and security. The study was conducted in Bhopal using stratified random sampling, and data were collected from employees and students of an educational institution in Bhopal. The findings of this study will give an understanding of the current awareness of internet users and aid in future efforts to enhance data privacy and security for all users.
Developing Educator-Specific Digital Competences With Serious Game Design
Authors: Zapušek Matej , Rugelj Jože
Published: July 2023

In today's fast-paced digital world, equipping pre-service teachers with educator-specific digital literacy competencies is crucial to their ability to adapt to changes and effectively teach and guide their students. This chapter presents an innovative approach to teaching digital competencies to pre-service teachers, utilizing game design-based learning, trialogical learning, and problem-based learning principles. In this approach, students collaborate in groups to develop an educational computer game and work with their colleagues from other faculty. Authors describe each phase of game development and frame it in the broader context of the acquisition of digital competences defined in the DigCompEdu competences framework for teacher education students. Since creating an educational computer game is a complex process, the authors propose the use of a project management tool to manage the different project work phases, describe the selection process and provide an overview of its utilization.
Impact of Machine Learning Algorithms in Decision-Making With Serious Games in the Education and Healthcare Sectors
Authors: Sivasankari R. , Sindhu S. , Dhilipan J. , Vijayalakshmi N.
Published: July 2023

A serious game is an environment provided for everyone of all age groups with the aim of teaching, learning, or improving self in while enjoying the game. In simple terms, it means the games that are not intended for fun or entertainment but for learning. They are called serious games. In the field of education, the purpose of serious games is to involve learners in the process of learning with the ultimate aim to get them involved in the learning and to improvise the memory. Similarly, in the case of the healthcare sector, healthcare professionals use serious games to involve the patients in tough tasks that could be life threatening situations for them as a treatment, and to simulate training environments for learning. Each learner can complete a specific outcome by playing a serious game. This chapter explains the impact of different machine learning algorithms on decision-making with serious games with respect to teaching in the field of education sector and therapy in the field of healthcare.
Virtual Reality and Serious Games Digital Solutions for Remote Cognitive Screening of Older Adults
Authors: Rocha Nelson Pacheco , Bastardo Rute , Pavão João , Gago Bruno
Published: July 2023

This chapter aimed to analyse state-of-the-art digital solutions based on virtual reality and serious games that might be used as a screening tool for cognitive impairment of older adults in their residential environments by identifying: (i) terminal equipment being used; (ii) interaction paradigms being reported; (iii) cognitive domains being assessed; and (iv) user-centred evaluations being conducted. A systematic electronic search was performed, and 41 studies were included. In terms of results, (i) personal computers and virtual reality setups were used by a significant number of studies, (ii) the most used interaction paradigm was simulation of daily tasks, (iii) memory, executive functions, and attention were the cognitive domains most assessed, and (iv) the proposed digital solutions were evaluated in terms of usability, feasibility, validity and reliability, and diagnostic accuracy. The results of the diagnostic accuracy studies that were reported indicate that the proposed solutions discriminate between normal cognition and nonnormal cognition.
Isothiocyanates as Drug Candidates in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Saylan Demet , Cebeci Fatma
Published: July 2023

Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Many methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. are being used for treatment. Most patients have a combination treatment with chemotherapy along with surgery or radiotherapy or both. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells by preventing them from reproducing, growing, and spreading in the body. Recently, safer alternatives to chemotherapy have been discovered and developed, as most of the drugs used in cancer treatment have side effects and a serious impact on patient comfort. As an alternative, the phytochemicals found in daily consumed plants are attractive candidates for clinical/pre-clinical evaluation because of their higher safety. In this context, certain degradation products of glucosinolates (isothiocyanates) are promising agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
Cyberbullying in the Metaverse
Authors: Upadhyay Utsav , Kumar Alok , Sharma Gajanand , Gupta Brij B. , Alhalabi Wadee Alhalabi , Arya Varsha , Chui Kwok Tai
Published: July 2023

The emergence of the metaverse, a virtual reality space, has ushered in a new era of digital experiences and interactions in global information systems. With its unique social norms and behaviors, this new world presents exciting opportunities for users to connect, socialize, and explore. However, as people spend more time in the metaverse, it has become increasingly apparent that the issue of cyberbullying needs to be addressed. Cyberbullying is a serious problem that can harm victims psychologically and physically. It involves using technology to harass, intimidate, or humiliate individuals or groups in global information systems. The risk of cyberbullying is high in the metaverse, where users are often anonymous. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a safer and more respectful culture within the metaverse to detect and prevent such incidents from happening.
Estimating Handling Qualities Ratings from Slalom Flight Data: A Psychophysical Perspective
Authors:   San Jose State University Research Foundation (SJSURF), Bachelder Edward ,   NASA Ames Research Center, Aponso Bimal ,   US Army CCDC AvMC, Lusardi Jeffrey , Godfroy-Cooper Martine
Published: July 2023

This work examines the handling qualities (HQ) rating scale from a psychophysical perspective, characterizing workload as the response to a stimulus composed of input to the pilot and pilot outputs. Previous work by the author examining three different display tracking tasks indicated that pilot workload is effectively a logarithmic function of tracking error rate and control rate. This approach, called the Spare Capacity OPerations Estimator (SCOPE), is extended to flight and Handling Qualities data collected (109 runs) for the slalom Mission Task Element (MTE) using the U.S. Army’s JUH-60A RASCAL aircraft. Attitude and Rate Command response types as well as various forcefeel configurations were tested. Based on flight data observation a novel and intuitive action model is proposed for the slalom MTE whereby the pilot operates on the relative angle between the ground track and the upcoming cone’s location (effectively the cone’s location on the windscreen relative to the aircraft nose, assuming a no-wind environment). Proximity to an approaching cone determines which of two strategies is active: maintaining a constant relative angle or maintaining the relative angular rate constant. A method is proposed for mapping Handling Qualities (HQ) ratings to flight data performance and the workload estimate, offering the possibility for easing the requirement that a pilot trained in HQ evaluation fly test maneuvers. Applying this approach to the slalom maneuver produced good correlation between actual and estimated HQ ratings over the varying aircraft and inceptor feel system dynamics.
US-German Joint In-flight and Simulator Evaluation of Collective Tactile Cueing for Torque Limit Avoidance - Shaker vs. Soft Stop
Authors:   German Aerospace Center DLR, Müllhäuser Mario ,   US Army CCDD AvMC, Lusardi Jeff
Published: July 2023

The demonstration and testing of tactile cueing is the subject of a common research undertaking by the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (CCDC AvMC) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The primary objective was to test a torque protection system with both a stick shaking cue generated with an attachable stick shaker and a soft stop cue generated by an active inceptor system. It was tested by five pilots in flight on the RASCAL JUH-60A helicopter and by four pilots in the ground-based simulator of the ACT/FHS (H-135) research helicopter based on a common set of high performance takeoff mission profiles. The qualitative evaluation showed that the soft stop provided a greater workload reduction than the shaker and was the preferred cue. However, a shaker cue is a promising alternative when the application of an active inceptor system is not possible.
The Influence of the Wiring Harness on the System Performance of eVTOL Aircraft on the Example of Common Reference Models
Authors:   Technical University of Munich (TUM), Oberschwendtner Sebastian , Hornung Mirko
Published: July 2023

This paper deals with the influence of the wiring harness on the system performance of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The architecture and connections of the wiring harness are formalized using graph theory. The adjacency and incidence matrices provided by algebraic graph theory are used to define the harness connections and links. The current flows within the harness are calculated by applying Kirchhoff’s and Ohm's law to the network equations. Three common reference models are used to simulate and optimize different harness architectures. The harness architectures differ in the kind of connection and number of harness links. The optimization is done using two objectives. One objective is to maximize the range of the aircraft. The other objective, to minimize the harness mass, is used to show the performance difference of such a wiring harness. The influence of the system voltage and the take-off mass are examined as well. The results of the optimizations show, that a wiring harness exists for each configuration which maximizes the range of the aircraft. This optimal wiring harness is not the wiring harness with the lowest mass.
Influence of Optical and Gravito-Inertial Cues to Height Perception During Supervisory Control
Authors:   SJSURF/US ARMY ADD AvMC Aviation, Godfroy-Cooper Dr. ,   ICNA/DTIS/ONERA, Denquin Francois , Bachelder Dr. , Miller Joel , Jean Dr.
Published: July 2023

Future vertical lift (FVL) missions will be characterized by increased agility, degraded visual environments (DVE) and optionally piloted vehicles (OPVs). Increased agility will induce more frequent variations of linear and angular accelerations, while DVE will reduce the structure and quality of the out-the-window (OTW) scene (i.e. optical flow). As helicopters become faster and more agile, pilots are expected to navigate at low altitudes while traveling at high speeds. In nap of the earth (NOE) flights, the perception of self-position and orientation provided by visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive cues can vary from moment to moment due to visibility conditions and body alignment as a response to gravitoinertial forces and internally/externally induced perturbations. As a result, erroneous perceptions of the self and the environment can arise, leading ultimately to spatial disorientation (SD). In OPV conditions, the use of different autopilot modes implies a modification of pilot role from active pilot to systems supervisor. This shift in paradigm, where pilotage is not the primary task, and where feedback from the controls is no more available, is not without consequences. Of importance is the evidence that space perception and its geometric properties can be strongly modulated by the active or passive nature of the displacement in space. An experiment was conducted using the vertical motion simulator (VMS) at the NASA Ames Research Center that examined the contributions of gravitoinertial cueing and visual cueing in a task where the pilot was not in control of the aircraft but was asked to perform altitude monitoring in a simulated UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter with a simulated autopilot (AP) mode. Within the altitude monitoring task, the global optical density (OD), flow rate and visual level of detail (LOD) were manipulated by the introduction of an 18ft vertical drift, upward or downward that simulates a vertical wind shift. Seven pilots were tested in two visual meteorological conditions, good visual environment (GVE) and degraded visual environment (DVE) and two gravitoinertial conditions, where platform motion was either ON or OFF. The results showed that both the good quality of the visual environment and the presence of gravitoinertial cues improved altitude awareness and reduced detection/ reaction times. The improvement of the tracking performance in the visuo-vestibular setting as compared to a visual only setting when the visual cues were poor indicated some level of multisensory integration. Task-dependent limitations of a popular aeronautics metric called DIMSS-PM (Dynamic Interface Modeling and Simulation System Product Metric) and its sub-components were shown, and recommendations for OPV operations were formulated.
Virtual Cockpit Instruments and Visual Conformal Symbology on Head-Worn Displays for Helicopter Offshore Landings
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Ebrecht Lars , Ernst Johannes , Schmerwitz Sven
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the results of a simulator study. The study evaluated the situation awareness provided by an obstacle awareness and warning display (OAWD) and DLR’s conformal 3D landing symbology (CLS) which were presented in a head-worn see-through display (HWD). The OAWD is shown as inset or so called virtual cockpit instrument (VCI). It represents an coplanar orthogonal 360 degree top view and HWD-adapted obstacle awareness and warning display (VCI-OAWD) developed by DLR. The study investigated the application of the VCI-OAWD and the CLS on its own as well as in conjunction. The different display conditions were tested with 7 helicopter pilots conducting an offshore platform landing operation in DLR’s generic experimental cockpit simulator. The study addressed two main questions firstly, the comparison of the spatial awareness provided by the VCI-OAWD and the CLS and secondly, the influence of the amount of information presented in the head-worn display.
Using Augmented Reality to Reduce Workload in Offshore Environments
Authors:   German Aerospace Center (DLR), Maibach Malte-Jörn , Jones Michael , Walko Christian
Published: July 2023

Helicopters are routinely used to transport crew to and from maritime wind farms. Inclement weather situations and demanding tasks put a high workload on pilots during these missions. This paper describes two test campaigns assessing the utility of a low cost Head-mounted display (HMD) to reduce workload for commercial maritime operations. This system was implemented within the Air Vehicle Simulator (AVES) at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Three tasks were flown with experienced offshore pilots, performed in a realistic scenario. Independent subjective assessments of both workload and situational awareness were obtained. Results from the studies show that the overall workload for all missions decreased when using the HMD. Opinions regarding overall benefit and advantages of the system were found to vary between pilots and missions.
Identifying Operator Workload State through Psychophysiological Metrics in Rotary-wing Simulated Flight
Authors:   US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Feltman Kathryn , Bernhardt Kyle , Kelley Amanda
Published: July 2023

One study was completed, and another is underway, to examine whether psychophysiological measures can be used to identify operator workload during simulated rotary-wing flight. Results from the first study found some associations with psychophysiological measures and workload, while preliminary results from the current study suggest several associations with electroencephalogram measures and workload.
Architecture And Application Of Hypervisor In FACE Environment With Safety Assurance
Authors:   Collins Aerospace, Myren Jason , Groen Mitch
Published: July 2023

Collins Aerospace recognizes the value the warfighter gets from reducing the Size, Weight and Power (SWAP) of the avionics systems. The war fighter also sees benefit from reuse of existing avionics and mission software modules, which frequently vary in software framework and thus are allocated to separate processors. A solution, as seen in the commercial IT industry would be the use of multi-core processing and hypervisors allowing the mixing of frameworks providing rapid integration with minimal SWAP. In avionics we must additionally provide assurance. This paper will explore our application of the FACE™ Technical Standard (Ref. [1]) to obtain framework variability, used in conjunction with a hypervisor to allow the resulting frameworks to exist in a single multi-core processing environment with safety assurance to the solution. The concept proposed was validated through demonstration of US Army and Collins software running on the same multi-core processor.
Investigation of BERP-Shape Tip Design on an Apache Rotor Blade
Authors:   Defence Science and Technology Group, Widjaja Ronny ,   US Army Combat Capability Development Command AvMC ARC, Jain Rohit , Lim Joon , Potsdam Mark
Published: July 2023

The British Experimental Rotor Programme (BERP) tip design is well known for its superior performance for high speed flight. This paper revisits the BERP design by presenting a parameterized model of the planform design based on published data and investigating its performance on the Apache rotor blade. The underlying airfoil sections, HH02 and NACA64A006, are retained in a new Apache BERP-shape rotor blade. The performance of the Apache BERP-shape rotor blade is evaluated for hover and forward flight by using US Army CREATE™-AV Helios software and compared with the Apache baseline rotor blade. The results are presented in the form of rotor thrust, rotor torque, figure of merit, trim condition, sectional blade loading and pressure distribution. A visualization of complex vortex structures is provided to offer insight into the airflow characteristics at different flight conditions.
Optimal Design of Rotor Blade for a Winged Compound Helicopter at High Advance Ratio
Authors:   Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sugiura Masahiko ,   Ryoyu Systems, Takekawa Kuniyuki , Sugawara Hideaki , Tanabe Yasutada
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes an optimal main rotor blade geometry for a high-speed compound helicopter. Recently, compound helicopter or tilt rotor has been developed to achieve high-speed flight while preserving VTOL capabilities. In the compound helicopter, asymmetric flow field on the main rotor increases as the flight speed increases. In other words, reverse flow region on the retreating side spreads to an extent as high as from 50% to more than 80%. In such a flow field, different blade geometries are deemed to be suited than conventional main rotor blades. Optimization methods are applied in this study to propose a new blade geometry. In particular, design parameters of blade geometry are limited to twist angle, chord length, span position of root portion, tip sweepback angle, and tip dihedral angle, while an elliptic airfoil is assigned to the blade root portion and a SC1095 airfoil for the blade main portion. As a result, a new blade shape which is remarkably different from the conventional helicopter is obtained. The optimal blade's root portion position is approximately forty percent of the whole blade length. And a blade with a sweep-forward angle shows higher effective lift-drag ratio than that with sweepback angles. The comparison with UH-60A on rotor performance in hover and high-speed forward flights are also conducted. The optimal blade shows only half of effective drag coefficient in high-speed flight compared to UH-60A, while maintaining nearly same hovering performance.
Progress Toward a New Conceptual Assessment Tool for Aircraft Cost
Authors:   US Army CCDC AvMC, Scott Robert , Vegh J.
Published: July 2023

Progress is updated in an ongoing research effort to develop new analytical capabilities for the conceptual assessment of rotorcraft life-cycle cost. Recent developments in both modeling and implementation are reviewed. New parametric equations are presented for cost elements related to development and operational phases, and a software tool for graphical illustration of cost estimates is demonstrated on selected aircraft. The demonstration utilizes case study aircraft concepts which emphasize the model’s new features for consideration of electric battery-powered aircraft and assessment cases in government acquisition where validation of estimates against legacy fleet aircraft is required. Near-term plans for additions and updates to the cost model are offered in conclusion.
Whole-rock lithogeochemistry of the banded iron-formation-hosted gold mineralization in the Geraldton area, northwestern Ontario
Authors: Tóth Z , Dubé B , Lafrance B , Bécu V , Lauzière K , Mercier-Langevin P
Published: July 2023

This report releases 235 runs of whole-rock geochemical and assay results of 235 samples/subsamples from the Archean banded iron formation-hosted gold mineralization in the Geraldton area, eastern Wabigoon subprovince, northwestern Ontario. The samples were
collected during the 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2016 field seasons as part of a PhD study by the senior author (Tóth, 2018) at Laurentian University in Sudbury. Geochemical analyses were paid in part by the GSC for the 2012, 2013 samples, while the 2014 and 2016 samples were graciously paid by the second
author, Bruno Lafrance and Greenstone Gold Mines, respectively. Research on gold mineralization hosted in banded iron formation BIF was conducted under the Lode Gold project of TGI4. The geochemical data is presented in a format easily importable in a geographic information system (GIS). Samples
were collected from drill core and outcrops to document host units, the alteration halo, and the mineralized zones. Preliminary interpretations about the auriferous mineralization and its geological setting are presented in Lafrance et al. (2012) and in Tóth et al. (2013a, 2013b, 2014, 2015a,
2015b). The final interpretation of the geological setting of the gold mineralization was published in Tóth and others (2022, 2023). Sample information and geochemical results are presented in Appendices 1 and 2 (worksheet "Results"), respectively. The results worksheet combines 5 reports produced
between 2012 and 2016.
Ultrasonic Prediction of Weaning Failure in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Avneet , Mandal Banashree , Negi Sunder , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Thingnam Shyam Kumar Singh
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim:

To assess the utility of ultrasonic markers like B-line score (LUS), diaphragm thickness (DT), thickening fraction (DTF), and excursion (DE) as predictors of weaning outcomes in children on mechanical ventilation (MV) after cardiac surgery.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study done in postcardiac surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Children aged 1 month to 18 years, on MV after cardiac surgery from January to November 2017, were included. They were extubated after satisfying institutional weaning criteria. Ultrasound for LUS, DT, DTF, and DE was performed preoperatively, during pressure support ventilation (PSV) before extubation and 4 h after extubation.

Results:

Patients were divided into weaning failure and success groups based on reintubation within 48 h of extubation. Of the 50 evaluated patients, 43 (86%) were weaned successfully and 7 (14%) had weaning failure. The left DTF during PSV was lower in patients weaning failure (0.00%, interquartile range (IQR) 0.00–14.28 vs 16.67%, IQR 8.33–22.20, P = 0. 012). The left DTF≤ 14.64% during PSV (area under receiver’s operating curve 0.795, P = 0.014), 85% sensitivity, and 57% specificity (positive likelihood ratio 1.97, negative likelihood ratio 0.25) could predict weaning failure.

Conclusion:

The left DTF during PSV is a good predictor of weaning failure in children on MV in postoperative ICU after congenital cardiac surgery.

Take home message

In children on mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery, left DTF during pressure support ventilation is a good predictor of weaning failure.
A novel presentation of atypical bilateral Chandler syndrome with an insight into management
Authors: Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Yadav Monika , Nathiya Venkatesh , Angmo Dewang
Published: July 2023

We report an atypical presentation of bilateral Chandler's syndrome with secondary angle-closure glaucoma. Right eye (RE) AS-OCT showed higher lens vault. Left eye (LE) had decompensated cornea. Intraocular pressure (IOP) in RE was 18–20 mm Hg on four topical glaucoma medications. RE cup-disk-ratio was 0.8–0.9:1. Specular and confocal microscopy aided in diagnosis. As trabeculectomy had poor prognosis (due to increased lens vault), RE phacoemulsification was done in the first stage. Postoperatively IOP in the RE was 14 mm Hg on topical glaucoma medications at 3 months follow-up. Parameters like corneal status, lens vault and IOP control must be taken into account before planning for filtering surgery.
Case report of an isolated lacrimal sac rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Seethapathi G , Jeganathan Sangeetha
Published: July 2023

A five-month-old child presented with complaints of watering from the left eye associated with swelling in the left lacrimal sac area, which was progressive. The swelling was noticed at 3 months of age by the parents. On examination, the swelling was tense and cystic in consistency. A provisional diagnosis of amniocele was made. A diagnostic/therapeutic probing was planned. However intraoperatively while probing was attempted, we encountered a hard stop distal to the canaliculus. Hence, after additional consent, the swelling was explored by an external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) incision. It was a solid and well-defined mass, which was found in the lacrimal sac region. The mass was excised in-toto and sent for a histopathology examination. A bicanalicular silicone intubation tube was passed and distally retrieved via the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) opening through the inferior meatus of the nose to maintain lacrimal outflow patency. The histopathological examination (HPE) features were suggestive of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The child was then referred to a medical oncologist for systemic evaluation and adjuvant chemotherapy. The child underwent six cycles of chemotherapy and was followed up monthly for a period of 12 months.
Penetrating keratoplasty following Tenon's patch graft
Authors: Shah Sushmita G , Pandey Vinita , Shah Yogesh C , Shah Gaurav Y
Published: July 2023

This report aims to describe the histopathological changes in the cornea following Tenon's patch graft. A 51-year-old male underwent Tenon's patch graft (TPG) for corneal perforation following Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty which was performed twice for non-resolving microbial keratitis and graft infiltrate, respectively. The infection resolved following TPG resulting in formation of a vascularised scar. An Optical penetrating keratoplasty was performed six months after the TPG. Postoperative period was uneventful. Histo-pathological evaluation of the excised corneal tissue revealed excellent integration of the tenon tissue with the surrounding corneal stromal collagen. Histo-pathological evidence suggests that, tenon's tissue integrates well with surrounding corneal stromal collagen and is probably capable of regenerating new collagen and thus aid in corneal wound healing
Sjögren–Larsson syndrome
Authors: Karakosta Christina , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Bisoukis Anastasios , Vernikou Anna , Kokolaki Anna
Published: July 2023

A girl was referred to our clinic for alternating esotropia. The angle of deviation was measured at +45 prism diopters (Δ). The esotropia gradually turned to exotropia over the last 9 years (about −15Δ). Fundoscopy revealed crystalline retinopathy and in combination with the additional clinical findings of ichthyosis, spastic diplegia, and genetic testing, the diagnosis of Sjögren–Larsson syndrome (SLS) was made. The esotropia in this case, which gradually turned to exotropia without any intervention, may reflect the change in the muscle tone and the neurological damage in SLS. Thus, early strabismus surgery should be avoided to prevent its unpredictable outcomes.
Coincidental occurrence of severe hydrops after corneal collagen cross-linking
Authors: Mittal Vikas , Jain Neha , Agarwal Mamta , Narang Purvasha
Published: July 2023

This case report describes a case of acute corneal hydrops (ACH) within 4 days following collagen cross-linking that was done to arrest the progression of keratoconus in a 15-year-old girl. She developed pain, redness, and watering in the left eye within 4 days of undergoing an uneventful bilateral corneal collagen cross-linking. The diagnosis of ACH was made and was managed medically with a course of topical steroids. A large fluid-filled stromal pocket with iris adhering to the posterior surface was observed that resolved with stromal scarring after the treatment. Thus, ACH may be precipitated by cross-linking and needs to be managed appropriately.
Isolated ocular motor nerve palsy associated with raised homocysteine
Authors: Mishra Suchismita , Satapathy Jasmita , Navyasree Chinthala
Published: July 2023

Ocular motor mono-neuropathies frequently occur from micro-vascular ischemia to the nerve in the presence of atherosclerotic risk factors such as old age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Other possible causes include trauma, intra-cranial neoplasm, aneurysm, inflammation, infection, and brainstem infarction. Recently, hyper-homocysteinemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for systemic and ocular vaso-occlusive disorders. Ocular pathologies such as retinal vascular occlusion and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy have been found to be associated with mild hyper-homocysteinemia. This case series describes four patients with isolated third and sixth cranial nerve palsy where hyper-homosysteinemia was the only risk factor.
Disproportionately large neurosensory retinal detachment in diabetic retinopathy as a sign of diabetic choroidopathy
Authors: Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak , Paul Swakshyar Saumya , Das Sudipta , Nandi Krishnendu , Biswas Rupak Kanti , Sinha Sourav
Published: July 2023

Neurosensory retinal detachment (NSD) is a component of diabetic retinopathy. It is associated with other features like diffuse retinal thickening and cystoid macular edema (CME). The present report describes imaging features and the outcome of disproportionately large NSD in the left eye of a 61-year-old lady having proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The NSD was accompanied by minimal intraretinal edema and a choroidal filling defect on fluorescein angiography. There was near complete resolution of NSD with intravitreal ranibizumab. Disproportionately large NSD with minimal intraretinal cystic changes may be considered as a sign of diabetic choroidopathy.