bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stages of historiographic development of the entrepreneurship history in Siberia in the second half of the 19yh – early 20th centuries
Authors: Klimova Olga G.
Published: May 2020

The historiography of the history of entrepreneurial activity in the largest region of Russia is poorly studied. We present a historiographic analysis of the study of the entrepreneurship history in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, the main approaches, research problems in different periods of the existence of the Russian state. To date, a significant amount of work has been published on the history of the life and activities of entrepreneurs of pre-revolutionary Siberia. Researchers managed to collect a large amount of factual material, study the history of the formation and development of entrepreneurship in the region, cover almost all aspects of the life of business people. Historians have put into scientific circulation extensive factual material, published analytical works on various problems of the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia, such as the origin, number, composition, forms of activity, social and cultural appearance, family relations, the daily lives of entrepreneurs, etc. Genre variety of scientific literature on entrepreneurs of Siberia was a reflection of the wide professional and public interest in trade and other entrepreneurial activities. The theoretical basis is the modernization theory. The main research method is historiographic analysis. Currently, there is a large number of publications, their genre diversity, an increase in the source base, which need historiographic reflection. An analysis of historiography makes it possible to prepare generalizing scientific works on the problems of the entrepreneurship history in pre-revolutionary Siberia.
Desertion control commissions as one of the types of quasi-judicial bodies in the early Soviet period (on the example of the Tambov district commission to combat desertion)
Authors: Fakurdinova Alla G.
Published: May 2020

We analyze the regulatory framework for the formation of Desertion Commissions of various levels – emergency agencies that existed in the early Soviet post-revolutionary period. The relevance of the study is determined by the widespread use of quasi-judicial forms, both in retrospect and in the modern legal field: the introduction of mediation procedures, administrative proceedings. Quasi-judicial institutions in the Soviet model of statehood occupied a significant place and accompanied a parallel system of people’s courts. A study of quasi-judicial bodies and their powers in retrospect allows us to clarify both the theoretical value and the practical implementation of the justice forms. The aim of the study is to reconstruct the history of the Desertion Commissions in their hierarchy on archival materials of the Tambov Governorate and regulations. The research methods were the formal legal analysis of historical and legal acts of the Soviet era: a comparative analysis of the powers and activities of quasi-judicial bodies and people’s courts. We establish the emergency powers of the Desertion Commissions, based on the principles of mutual responsibility, hostage, at the same time, we substantiate the existence of elements of judicial mediation in the framework of their activities.
Psychological features of listening comprehension of English-language video materials by technical university students in flipped classroom mode
Authors: Popova Nina V. , Gavrilova Anna V. , Kuzmina Anna V. , Popova Elizaveta L.
Published: May 2020

Listening comprehension, as the most challenging receptive aspect of learning a foreign language at a technical university, is considered. It is noted that in addition to linguistic difficulties, students experience such psychological difficulties as a lack of recipient’s own perceptual experience, uncomfortable perception conditions, anxiety and fear of failure to perform this type of speech activity. It is shown that the perceptual activity of students, aimed at the auditory perception of English discourse, is naturally included in the most relevant students’ communicative competence. The study is aimed at considering psychological and pedagogical aspects in teaching ordinary listening comprehension without a video sequence and with the use of video materials. We reveal the advantages of using video materials that contribute to the creation of psychologically comfortable conditions for students in the educational process. Opinion analysis of first-year students of the St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications on conducting listening comprehension in regular and flipped classroom modes is presented: it turns out that most students prefer to perform listening practice at home. We describe the audiovisual technology of advanced independent work on listening comprehension to professionally oriented video materials using the electronic resources VideoAnt, Mindmeister, LMS MOODLE. An advertising film of the computer company CISCO (USA) was used as video course basis, with its subject fully corresponding to the “Service” programme of St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications.
Linguodidactic properties of corpus technologies
Authors: Zolotov Pitirim Y.
Published: May 2020

For the last two decades, corpus technologies, understood as a combination of means and methods of processing and analyzing data of electronic linguistic corpora, as a type of information and communication technology, have attracted great interest of researchers and teachers of foreign languages.We explain the concepts of corpus linguistics, corpus technology, linguistic corpus, concordance. The methods of studying case technologies, which are an annotation, abstraction, and analysis, are considered. The advantages of linguistic corpora are given. The history of the emergence and development of linguistic electronic cases from the pre-digital to digital period is described. Minimum requirements for the corpus of texts are presented. They include representativeness, known volume of the corpus, electronic form, annotation and balance. We consider the typology of linguistic corpora. According to the language of the texts in corpora, there are monolingual and multilingual corpora, which in turn are divided into mixed and parallel ones. According to language data, there are written, oral and mixed corpora. Corpora can be annotated and non-annotated. There are three types of annotation: linguistic, metatextual, and extralinguistic. According to the parameter of representation of the language material of a corpus, there are fragmented and non-fragmented ones. According to the type of access, they are classified as open and restricted. According to the genre representation, linguistic corpora are diverse. The size of a corpus should distinguish between representative, illustrative and monitoring types of corpora. The didactic properties of corpus technologies in the field of teaching a foreign language are studied. The division of the linguodidactic properties of case technologies into mandatory and optional is proposed.
Human dignity right in the system of personal (civil) human rights (the problem of applying an interdisciplinary approach to research)
Authors: Pridvorov Nikolay , Trofimov Vasily
Published: May 2020

We consider the problem of human dignity right as one of the key elements of the system of personal (civil) rights and freedoms of man and citizen. We state the constitutive importance of the right to human dignity in the structure of the legal status of an individual. We demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of the institution of human dignity. We give examples of legislative protection of the right to dignity of an individual from a number of branches of Russian and foreign law. We reveal the incompleteness of both the doctrinal understanding and the legislative regulation of personal rights, including the right to the dignity of the person, which, as a general principle, figure only as objects of protection from state and legal means (mechanisms). In addition, these rights have their potential for the full realization of the personality in the process of social and legal life, and therefore it is necessary to create wider regulatory opportunities for this legal institution. The achievement of the goals of a correct understanding and regulation of the right to human dignity (as well as other personal rights) will be facilitated by the use of an interdisciplinary scientific approach in the process of scientific and practical research of this subject. We offer arguments that indicate the relevance of an interdisciplinary study of the right to human dignity.
Géochimie des muscovites comme indicateur du fractionnement des pegmatites de la région de Kabarore-Mparamirundi (nord-ouest du Burundi, Afrique centrale) [Geochemical signature of muscovites as pathfinder for fractionation of pegmatites in the Kabarore-Mparamirundi area (northwestern Burundi, Central Africa)]
Authors: TURIMUMAHORO Denis , HULSBOSCH Niels , NAHIMANA Louis , DEWAELE Stijn , MUCHEZ Philippe
Published: May 2020

The Kabarore-Mparamirundi area hosts numerous pegmatites spatiotemporally related to leucogranites dated at 986 ± 10 Ma in Karagwe-Ankole belt. The deposits are intensively exploited for columbite-tantalite and cassiterite. Alkali metals in muscovite (Rb 370–7590 ppm, Cs 8–1470 ppm) are modeled by Rayleigh fractional crystallization from a parental leucogranitic composition (K 4.1 wt%, Rb 321 ppm and Cs 9 ppm). The power law declining behavior of the ratio K/Rb versus Cs indicates the Rayleigh fractional crystallization as the main process of differentiation of the various pegmatite facies. Moreover, the continuous trend from granite to the most evolved, exploited pegmatites demonstrates a co-genetic link among them. The fractionation model shows that unmined and abandoned pegmatites are less fractionated (less than 94% of fractionation) while mined pegmatites are highly fractionated and constitute fractionated products of more than 94% of the initial leucogranite composition. The Rb, Cs, Ta, Sn and Li elements in muscovite can be used as a valuable tool in the exploration of fertile and sterile pegmatites in this area.
Ageusia and Anosmia, a Common Aign of COVID-19? A Case Series from Four Countries
Authors: Vargas-Gandica Jair , Winter Daniel , Schnippe Rainer , Rodriguez-Morales Andrea G. , Mondragon Johana , Escalera-Antezana Juan Pablo , Trelles-Thorne María del Pilar , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto
Published: May 2020

Over the course of the pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), multiple new clinical manifestations, as the consequence of the tropism of the virus, have been recognized. That includes now the neurological manifestations and conditions, such as headache, encephalitis, as well as olfactory and taste disorders. We present a series of ten cases of RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected patients diagnosed with viral-associated olfactory and taste loss from four different countries.
Identity Theft in South-East Asia: Causes and Precautions
Authors: Haque A K M Bahalul , Sultana Rabeya , FAHAD MOHAMMAD SAJID , ISLAM TALEBUL
Published: May 2020

As technology evolves, our digital footprint keeps increasing. Now, everything we do is largely related to us being online, connected and logged. Therefore, if someone’s online data is exposed, then their life will be compromised. This is called identity theft and in this era of technology, it has become one of the most serious forms of crime. When someone’s data is compromised, there is a huge chance of harming the person financially, morally and socially. New technology and the knowledge gap it creates when it first comes out is perfect for identity thieves to exploit. If we are not cautious, our future will be very different than what we dream of due to the very technology created to make it better. Hence, we need to understand the technology, identify the loopholes and educate ourselves to avoid being held captive by our digital footprint.
Akad dan Kesesuaian Fitur Wakaf Produk Asuransi Jiwa Syariah
Authors: Alam Azhar , Hidayati Sukri
Published: May 2020

This study describes the appropriateness of AlliSya Protection Plus Unit Link waqf features based on the DSN-MUI Fatwa regarding Endowment of Insurance Benefits and Investment Benefits of Sharia Life Insurance at PT Asuransi Allianz Life Indonesia. This study aims to study the contracts contained in the waqf product features with uses field research studies, literature reviews and qualitative data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of Waqf Unit AlliSya Protection Plus features is following the National Sharia Board Fatwa because it has fulfilled the provisions for waqf of insurance benefits, waqf of investment benefits, and provisions of ujrah. This waqf feature product utilizes tabarru, wakalah bil ujrah, mudaraba, waqf, wills, and qardh contract. Waqf funds will be distributed to waqf institutions (nazir) received by the policyholder dies. The implementation of waqf features in sharia life insurance products is encouragement in increasing the collection of endowment funds, thereby increasing both the welfare of society and economic development.
Abortion Trends in Georgia Following Enactment of the 22-Week Gestational Age Limit, 2007–2017
Authors: Hall Kelli Stidham , Redd Sara , Narasimhan Subasri , Mosley Elizabeth A. , Hartwig Sophie A. , Lemon Emily , Berry Erin , Lathrop Eva , Haddad Lisa B. , Rochat Roger , Cwiak Carrie
Published: May 2020

Objectives. To measure trends before, during, and after implementation of Georgia House Bill 954, a limit on abortion at 22 or more weeks of gestation passed in 2012, in total abortions and abortions by gestational age and state residence.

Methods. We analyzed aggregate year-level induced termination of pregnancy data from the Georgia Department of Public Health from 2007 to 2017. We used linear regression to describe annual trends in the number of abortions and χ2 analyses to describe changes in proportions of abortions by gestational age (< 20 weeks, 20–21 weeks, and > 21 weeks) across policy implementation periods (before, partial, and full implementation) for Georgia residents and nonresidents.

Results. Although the total number of abortions and abortions at 21 weeks or less remained stable from 2007 to 2017, the number of abortions at more than 21 weeks declined (P = .02). The decline in number of abortions at more than 21 weeks was steeper for nonresidents (31/year; Β = −31.3; P = .02) compared with Georgia residents (14/year; Β = −13.9; P = .06).

Conclusions. Findings suggest that implementation of Georgia’s 22-week gestational age limit has effectively limited access to needed abortion services in Georgia and beyond.
Affordable, Social, and Substandard Housing and Mortality: The EPIPorto Cohort Study, 1999–2019
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Barros Henrique
Published: May 2020

Objectives. To examine the association between residence in different housing typologies and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and to compare with the 25 × 25 risk factors defined by the World Health Organization.

Methods. We used data from EPIPorto cohort (Porto, Portugal; n = 2485). We georeferenced and matched participants to a housing type—conventional, affordable, social, or substandard housing (locally called ilhas). We used Poisson regression models to estimate mortality rates and associations.

Results. Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates (per 100 000 person-years) were 713 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 584, 863) for individuals residing in conventional housing, and 1019 (95% CI = 637, 1551), 1200 (95% CI = 916, 1551), and 1239 (95% CI = 839, 1772) for individuals residing in affordable housing, social housing, and ilhas, respectively. After further adjustment, the associations between mortality and residence in social housing (rate ratio [RR] = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.06) and in ilhas (RR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.33) remained. The association between disadvantaged housing and mortality was stronger than that observed for well-established risk factors such as hypertension, sedentariness, heavy drinking, manual occupation, or obesity.

Conclusions. Disadvantaged housing is a major risk factor for mortality that should be accounted for by health policies and surveillance systems.
Effects of pretreatments on the bioavailability of sugars on discarded melons to obtain bioethanol.
Authors: Montoro María Laura , Herrero María , Mamaní Arminda , Sardella María , Vallejo Martha , Deiana Ana
Published: May 2020

Melon is one of the main horticultural crops in the province of San Juan, Argentina. An excess of 20% of its production is not marketed for various reasons. To take advantage of this biomass, acid pretreatments (PA), acid combined with ultrasound (PAU), were applied to evaluate increases in the bioavailability of sugars for the production of 2G bioethanol. The results showed that under the optimal conditions of both pretreatments: concentration of 2% sulfuric acid, time of 30 minutes, the temperature of 55 °C and solid: liquid ratio11:1, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase, hemicellulose and pectinase, increases of 111 and 576% are achieved in the content of fermentable sugars, compared to untreated melon. Acid pretreatment combined with ultrasound and enzymatically hydrolyzed, using cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase, turned out to be the best alternative in terms of increasing fermentable sugars, obtaining 38.99 mL of bioethanol per kg of melon.
Biomass waste dissolution with imidazole ionic liquids for biohydrogen production
Authors: Wu Shu Yii , Manaf Mastura Abd , Lin Sheng-Kai , Chen Ji Gang , Yang Kai-Hsiang , Zeng Wei-Lun , Lin Yi-Feng , Harun Shuhaida
Published: May 2020

Cellulosic biomass waste from municipal solid and agricultural biomass residue are Second Generation energy source, mainly contain glucose and xylose monomers, were`extensively studied in present research for fermentable sugar hydrolysate in biohydrogen production. Scrap paper cup (SPC), bamboo stem wall (BSW), sugar cane bagasse (SCB) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) were dissolved in laboratory prepared imidazole ionic liquids; 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl).
A comparative study on biomass composition was presented by Van Soest and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) method. TGA was proved as comparative, cheaper and faster method in measuring the lignoellulose composition. Experimental result show that the ionic liquids were completely dissolved the SPC, BSW, SCB and OPEFB with high cellulose recovery; 96.00%, 91.34% 87.16% and 99.51% respectively. The used ionic liquids were highly recovered from the mixture at 94% to 99% recovery rate and FTIR analysis proofed that the recycled ionic liquid is principally consistent with the original.
The regenerated cellulose was undergo acid hydrolysis to reducing sugars (glucose/xylose) hydrolysate to be used as feedstock fermentation for biohydrogen production. Acid hydrolysis of the recovered cellulose resulted up to 96% sugar conversion. IL-SPC hydrolysate reported higher total sugar conversion compare to SPC (control) due to higher surface area and disintegration of the cellulosic fibril structure resulted from the dissolution process. IL-SPC, IL-BSW, IL-SCB and IL-OPEFB hydrolysate contained higher total sugar compared to SPC hydrolysate even though their cellulose recovery are lower that the SPC (control). Biohydrogen fermentability test of this hydrolysate was carried out using biohydrogen producing bacterium Clostridia sp. Almost 85% of biomass waste hydrolysate substrate was utilized by the bacteria. Up to 196 ml H 2 / 100 ml cumulative bioydrogen production was collected for fermentation using the biomass hydrolysate while 174.91 ml H 2 / 100 ml was produced from the control.
ICT1 Knockdown inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by regulating cell apoptosis through targeting BCL-2
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Tan Jingxue , Du Rui , Jiang Yuqing , Weng Yiping , Zhou Dong
Published: May 2020

Background:Osteosarcoma (OS) which occurs mainly in the young people is a familiar malignant bone tumor. Apoptosis is a kind of programmed and managed cell death and promoting apoptosis of OS cells is an important treatment for OS. However, the pathways of controlling apoptosis in OS remain unclear. Immature colon carcinoma transcript-1 (ICT1) belongs to a family of four putative mitochondrial translation release factors. It controls the termination stage of translation. Methods:In this study, the function of ICT1 was elucidated by a series of in vivo and in vitro assays. The potential downstream targets of ICT1 in the OS was confirmed by Quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, while immunohistochemical analysis and rescue experiment were performed to confirm this result. Results: ICT1 was significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma, and higher expression of ICT1 led to the worse survival rate. Furthermore, knockdown of ICT1 could inhibit the cell proliferation, but improved the apoptosis of cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, our data demonstrated that BCL-2, apoptotic related-genes, is a potential target of ICT1 and the overexpression of BCL-2 partly reduced the negative influence of ICT1 knockdown on the pro-tumorigenic capabilities of OS cells in vitro. Conclusion: The ICT1 protein was overexpressed in the OS and has identified a novel mechanism by which ICT1 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation by regulating cell apoptosis through targeting BCL-2.
Do Macroeconomic Factors Affect FDI: Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Sabir Samina , Qureshi Samia
Published: May 2020

There are numerous factors such as absorptive capacity along with other are very important to make foreign direct investment (FDI) more effective for economic growth and development. There are numerous indicators of absorptive capacity such as human capital, technology, infrastructure, institutional quality, GDP per capita, and trade openness. This study determines the effect of absorptive capacity on FDI in South Asian countries over the time period 1984–2017 using system Generalized Method of Moment (GMM). The study found that absorptive indicators such as trade openness, infrastructure, institutional quality, human capital, GDP per capita, and technology are positively related to foreign direct investment in South Asian countries but human capital is the more effective determinant of FDI. Therefore it is necessary to increase human capital, free trade, infrastructure, technological innovations and institutional quality to effectively absorb the benefit and spillover effects of FDI which boosts economic growth and development.
Spatial distribution and associated factors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia; Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data: spatial and multilevel logistic regression analysis
Authors: Agegnehu Chilot Desta , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Yeshaw Yigizie , Kebede Sewnet Adem , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw
Published: May 2020

Background

Although the World Health Organization recommends for all pregnant women taking iron tablet should be a routine activity, more than 50% of anemia in pregnant women was occurred due to lack of iron supplementation and remains global public health problem and varies with in country. Lack of iron tablet supplementation during pregnancy leads to maternal anemia, which intern increases the risk of maternal death, obstetric complications, preterm birth and low birth weight. Therefore, studying spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia is vital to design appropriate maternal health services and preventing the determinants earlier.
Method:

A stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique was used in the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey in 2016 data. A total of a weighted sample of 7589 pregnant women were included for analysis. Bernoulli model was used to explore the purely spatial clusters of pregnant women using SaTScan version 9.6 and ArcGIS version10.3.A multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify determinant factors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women.
Results

Spatial distribution of iron supplementation use among pregnant women was non –random in the country with Moran’s index 0.3 (p < 0.001). The primary cluster was in Southwest Somali and Central part of the Oromia region (LLR = 66.69, P < 0.001). ANC visit (AOR = 3.66, 95%CI: 3.21, 417), community education [AOR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.07, 1.59), media exposure (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.53), distance to health facility (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.50), region and household wealth index were significantly associated with iron supplementation use among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Conclusion

Spatial distribution of Iron supplementation use among pregnant women varies across the country. ANC visit, region, household wealth index, media exposure, distance to the health facility, and community education were significant predictors of iron supplementation use among pregnant women. Therefore, it needs great interventions in the hot spot areas and maternal health services should be delivered in all areas of our country.
Effect of Olive Mill Wastewaters on Scenedesmus Sp. Growth, Metabolism and Phenols Removal
Authors: Moussa Ines Dahmen-Ben , Masmoudi Mohamed Ali , Feki Firas , Choura Sirine , Sayadi Sami
Published: May 2020

Background The industry of olive oil produces large wastewater quantities. The elimination of these toxic by-products is an important environmental issue that requires a sufficient solution. In this study, Scenedesmus sp. was used for the simultaneous lipid and antioxidant molecules production and olive mill wastewater biodegradation.Results The two-stage olive mill wastewater cultivation did not significantly inhibit the production of microalgal biomass, compared to a single growth stage, when OMW and OMUF were supplied at the beginning of cultivation. OMUF, at 40%, enhanced the Ch a, b and carotenoids amounts (2.57, 7.4 and 1.69 mg/g dw, respectively), and protein and carbohydrate accumulation (350.96 and 315.62 ng/cell, respectively), after single phase culture. However, the highest OMUF and OMW concentrations increased total lipid content to 639. 13 and 679.86 ng/cell, respectively. About 58% of phenol removal was achieved and highest accumulation of polyphenols in algal cells with 40% OMUF condition under one stage strategy. The highest OMUF and OMW concentrations exhibited highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging ability after single and two-phase culture. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the OMUF against HEK- 293 human embryonic kidney cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The MTT assay showed that the biomass of Scenedesmus sp. cultured on Tunisian filtered olive mill waste water did not shown any toxic effect.Conclusion Our results indicate that Scenedesmus sp. is a promising microalga for the biotreatment of OMW and the production of bioactive metabolites.
Impact Of Nile Perch (Lates Niloticus) Overfishing On Technical Efficiency Of Fishers In Lake Victoria Tanzania
Authors: Mkuna Eliaza , Baiyegunhi Lloyd JS
Published: May 2020

Lake Victoria fishery activities are of crucial economic importance to the communities around East Africa as they support the majority of fishers specifically through Nile perch fishing. As a consequence, increasing fishing pressure had also led to overfishing. This study employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) techniques to assess the impact of Nile perch overfishing on technical efficiency of fishers based on a survey of 268 fishers across 10 landing sites in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Results from the DEA show that, overall Nile perch fishers have average technical efficiency of 30% which indicates a high level of inefficiency. Specifically, there is no statistically significant difference in the technical efficiencies for Nile perch fishers who are overfishing and those who are not overfishing due to fisher’s mobility across the Lake. In addition, mode of propulsion and being a member of fishery organization were found to be statistically significant factors influencing inefficiency of Nile perch fishers. Furthermore, results from the probit estimates of the PSM show that being a member of fishery organization, quantity of Nile perch harvested per trip, age of a fishing vessel (boat), the gillnet mesh size and cost of fishing inputs have statistically significant effect in influencing the probability of Nile perch overfishing. However, further result indicates that Nile perch overfishing do not have statistically significant impact on fisher’s technical efficiency. Therefore, this study recommends a need to monitor and formalize fisher’s mobility as one of the alternative for co-management of the Lake. Also, overfishing can be controlled without necessarily affecting technical efficiency of Nile perch fishers through training and access to proper fishing gears.
Effect and mechanism of Acoritataninowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix on chronic gastritis: a network pharmacology study
Authors: Zhang Ling , Dai Yunkai , Li Yuping , Chen Weijing , Li Ruliu , Hu Ling
Published: May 2020

Background

Chronic gastritis (CG) is an inflammatory disease which is one of the common diseases of the digestive system. To investigate the mechanisms of herbal pair Acoritataninowii Rhizoma(Shichangpu, AR) and Curcumae Radix༈Yujin, CR༉ in treatment of CG based on the network pharmacology.
Methods

The possible active ingredients and targets of AR-CR were obtained by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The UniProt database was used to query the human gene corresponding to each target protein. The genes related to CG were collected from the GeneCards database, the OMIM database, the DisGeNET database and the PharmGKB database. Intersected the target genes of AR-CR and CG, then protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed by STRING website. The overlapped genes were subjected to gene ontology༈GO༉enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes༈KEGG༉pathway enrichment analyses by David.
Results

45 intersection genes were obtained, and there were 40 targets in the PPI network for protein interaction, the kernel targets with Degree ≥ 10 included AKT1, TNF, JUN, MAPK3, MAPK8 and MAPK1. The Go enrichment analysis was mainly related to protein binding, enzyme binding, protein homodimerization activity, etc. The KEGG pathway enrichment analyses mainly involved the Pathways in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, Apoptosis, and VEGF signaling pathway.
Conclusion

AR-CR might delayed, blocked or reversed the atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and canceration of gastric mucosa by targeting key proteins and signal pathways,achieved the effect of the treatment of CG.
WITHDRAWN: Fecal Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-Peptostreptococcus stomatis-Parvimonas micra Biomarker for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Laterally Spreading Tumor
Authors: Shen Xiaonan , Li Jialu , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Yao , Li Xiaobo , Gao Qinyan , Cui Yun , Chen Xiaoyu , Chen Yingxuan , Fang Jingyuan
Published: May 2020

BackgroudUp to now, non-invasive prediction of laterally spreading tumor (LST) and adenoma recurrence after LST resection is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to identify a microbiome signature with a high predictive effect on LSTs and a microbiome with a high predictive effect on adenoma recurrence after LSTs colectomy.MethodsWe performed 16S rRNA sequencing in mucosal samples with 5 healthy controls (HC), 8 colorectal adenoma (CRA) patients and 11 LST patients. The differentiating microbiota in fecal samples was quantified by qPCR in 475 cases including 113 HC, 208 CRA patients, 109 LST patients and 45 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We applied linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis to identify taxa differentially abundant between cases and controls. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of bacterial candidates. Pairwise comparison of AUCs was performed using the Delong's test. Mantel-Haenszel hazard models were used to determine the effects of microbiota composition on recurrence free survival. ResultsLST microbial dysbiosis was characterized by relative high abundance of the genus Bacteroides-Streptococcus and the species enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF)-Peptostreptococcus stomatis (P. stomatis)-Parvimonas micra (P. micra). The abundance of ETBF, P. stomatis and P. micra were steadily increasing in LST and CRC groups. P.stomatis behaved stronger value on diagnosis of LST than the other two bacteria (AUC 0.887, 95%CI 0.842-0.931). The combination of P.stomatis, P.micra and ETBF (AUC 0.922, 95%CI 0.887-0.958) revealed strongest diagnostic power with 88.7% sensitivity and 81.4% specificity. ETBF, P. stomatis and P. micra were related to the malignant LST (PP. stomatis=0.0015, PP. micra =0.0255, PETBF =0.0169) and the abundance of IL-6. The relative high-abundance of P. stomatis were related to the adenoma recurrence after LST resection (HR = 3.88, P = 0.008). ConclusionsFecal microbiome signature (ETBF-P. stomatis-P. micra) can diagnose LSTs with high accuracy. ETBF, P. stomatis and P. micra were related to the malignant LST and P.stomatis exhibited a high predictive effect on the adenoma recurrence after endoscopic resection of LSTs. The signature bacteria of LST may provide a noninvasive alternative to early detect LST and predict the adenoma recurrence risk after resections.
Barriers and facilitators to the effective de-escalation of conflict behaviours in forensic high-secure settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Goodman Helena , Brooks Cat Papastavrou , Price Owen , Barley Elizabeth Alexandra
Published: May 2020

Background: Violent and aggressive incidents are common within mental health settings and are often managed using high-risk physical interventions such as restraint and seclusion. De-escalation is a first-line technique to manage conflict behaviours and prevent violence and aggression. There is limited research into the use of de-escalation in high-secure settings. This study investigated staff, patient and carer perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to using de-escalation for conflict behaviours.Methods: Semi-structured individual interviews (n=12) and focus groups (n=3) were conducted with eight patients, four carers and twenty-five staff members in a high-secure hospital in England. Interviews and focus groups were informed by the theoretical domains framework and were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework analysis and the COM-B behaviour change model. Results: Four themes and 15 sub-themes (barrier and facilitators) were identified. Themes related to capabilities (building relationships: knowing the patient and knowing yourself), opportunities (filling the void: challenges within the high-security environment; dynamic relationships) and motivation (keeping everyone safe). Strong staff-patient therapeutic relationships underpinned by trust, fairness, consistency and an awareness of the trauma-aggression link were considered key to successful de-escalation. Specific psychological and interpersonal skills including empathy, respect, reassurance, sincerity, genuine concern and validation of the patient perspective are needed to achieve this. Barriers related to the physical environment; organisational resources, practices and systems; staff traumatisation; hierarchical and punitive attitudes towards patient care, and an insufficient understanding of psychiatric diagnoses, especially personality disorder. It was apparent across themes that fear, which was experienced by both staff and patients, was a driver for many behaviours. Conclusions: This work has identified organizational and behaviour change targets for interventions seeking to reduce violence and restrictive practices through the use of de-escalation in high-secure hospitals. The potential for, and occurrence of, violence in such settings is high and leads to fear in patients and staff. The different factors which promote fear in each group should be addressed in de-escalation training.
Effects of Prosthetic Design Parameters on Running of Unilateral Transfemoral Amputee
Authors: Guzelbulut Cem , Suzuki Katsuyuki , Shimono Satoshi , Hobara Hiroaki
Published: May 2020

Carbon fiber running-specific prostheses (RSP) are widely used among lower-limb amputee runners. However, which prosthesis provides the best performance for a runner remains as an unanswered question. In this purpose, a computational model of the human body with prosthesis was created and the effect of prosthetic parameters on performance was investigated. Firstly, motion capture systems were used to collect data from the amputee running motion. Marker data and force plate data were obtained to create a digital human model. Kinematic data such as length of limbs, joint angles, etc. were calculated by using marker data. Then, inertial properties were estimated to conduct forward and inverse dynamic analyses. After building a computational model of amputee sprinting, joint positions and ground reaction forces (GRF) were compared with experimental results. The design parameters of the prosthesis were introduced to understand the effect of prosthesis on motion and performance. Response surface method was used to express motion adaption regarding geometry and stiffness of the prosthesis. Hip and knee sagittal joint angles were updated based on the response surface method to simulate joint motion adaptations of prosthesis worn. Then, average horizontal velocity, horizontal velocity change over one period, vertical and horizontal impulse was considered as performance functions. An evaluation parameter was proposed to generalize the idea of performance. Prosthetic knee moment and closest point of the prosthesis to the ground during the swing phase were defined as design constraints to consider knee-buckling and tripping of the prosthetic leg, respectively. The effect of design parameters on the performance and constraint functions was investigated. A method to determine and design suitable prostheses for an individual was proposed. It was revealed that the selection and design of prostheses holds an important place to increase performance.
Evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System Changes Using Short-term Heart Rate Variability During Apnea
Authors: He Baolin , Li Wenyu , Zhang Xiaotong , Wu Yanan , Liu Jing , Brewer Lara M , Yu Lu
Published: May 2020

Background: Frequent cessations of respiration can greatly increase the prevalence rate of arrhythmia. It has been confirmed that cardiac activity is regulated by autonomic nervous system (ANS). And heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a method to evaluate the function of ANS. Therefore, we analyzed whether apnea can affect the balance and normal function of ANS using short-term HRV indices. Methods: Forty-five healthy subjects were asked to breathe normally and hold their breathing to simulate 10 times apnea. Thirty-six patients from the dataset of a sleep laboratory for the diagnosis of sleep disorders with 10 times apnea were included in analysis. We calculated short-term HRV indices of subjects in normal respiratory and apneic states, respectively. Results: Compared with normal respiratory state, respiration cease would lead to the values of the mean-RR, nLF, LF/HF, and α1 were significantly increase whereas the values of rMSSD and nHF were significantly decrease. Conclusions: Cessations of respiration would lead to an imbalance in function of ANS, as well as an increase in fractal characteristics of the heart. These changes in physiological state are likely to induce and cause the occurrence of arrhythmia, which is regulated by ANS.
Dosimetric evaluation of three commercial radiotherapy planning systems for lung cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases
Authors: Zheng Wan-jia , Wang Ming-li , Zhang Jun , Liu Yi-mei , Chen Li , YANG Xin , Huang Si-juan
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To identify planning systems and techniques suitable for different sites tumors by analyzing dosimetric differences using three commercial radiotherapy planning systems: Tomotherapy, Monaco and Eclipse.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 lung cancer and 8 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and each patient plans were designed using the three systems. The dose distribution of the target and organs at risk (OARs) were compared, and monitor unit (MU) and treatment time were also evaluated.Results: For lung cancer, mean dose of PGTV, PTV1 and PTV2 in Monaco and Tomo plans were lower than Eclipse plan. PTV2 CI in Monaco and Eclipse plans were better than Tomo plans (p=0.002, p=0.022). Monaco and Tomo plans were better than Eclipse plan regarding to mean dose and V15Gy of lungs; the lowest lungs V20Gy and V30Gy were provided by Tomo plan. The esophagus, heart and SpinalCord_03 dose were lowest in Monaco plan, and the maximum dose and V45Gy of SpinalCord_03 were 592.1cGy and 1.37% lower than Eclipse plan, respectively. For NPC, mean dose of PGTV, PTV1 and PTV2 in Eclipse plan were superior to Tomo plan (p=0.008, p=0.000, p=0.003); PTV2 V95% in Tomo plan was increased by 1.64% than Eclipse plan. There was no significant difference between Monaco and Eclipse plans. Tomo plan showed better spinal cord and brainstem protection, with spinal cord max dose 249.38cGy lower than Eclipse plan and 555cGy lower than Monaco plan, respectively.Conclusion: Although the three plans reflected their respective advantages in different aspects, in general, the Monaco plan (VMAT) was the best choice for lung cancer, and for the more advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the Tomo plan (HT) was superior to the other two plans.
Third trimester pregnancy and cesarean delivery of a patient with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: González Maribel Rodríguez , Morales Martha L. Villarreal , Rodríguez Aracelis Nieves , Tapia Edwin Soto , Cacho William Ramírez , Maldonado Marielys Otero
Published: May 2020

Background: Limited data is available about the clinical features, management and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women COVID-19 positive. Case: At 37 WGA, a 34-year-old woman G3C1A1 of Puerto Rican origin presented to her follow-up perinatologist visit with flu-like symptoms and COVID-19 contact exposure history. After confirmation of COVID-19 infection and findings on chest radiography, she was successfully treated with ceftriaxone, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and supportive measures. She had an uncomplicated cesarean delivery with no evidence of vertical transmission. The infant’s physical examination was unremarkable, without any clinical indication of infection.Conclusion: We describe the favorable clinical outcome of a delivery in a woman with COVID-19 in Puerto Rico. It highlights the importance of the rapid clinical management and the hospital coordinated response for the care of a COVID-19 positive pregnant patient at a point where there are no evidence-based or established guidelines. Universal screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women who are admitted for delivery should be considered as part of the hospitals COVID-19’s protocols to improve the staff and patient’s protection.
Validity and Reproducibility of a Semi-quantitative Multiple-choice Food Frequency Questionnaire in Adults Living in Central Iran
Authors: Zimorovat Alireza , Moghtaderi Fatemeh , Amiri Mojgan , Raeisi-Dehkordi Hamidreza , Mohyadini Matin , Mohammadi Mohammad , Zarei Sadegh , Karimi-Nazari Elham , Mirzaei Masoud , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh , Salehi-abargouei Amin
Published: May 2020

Background: To the best of our knowledge, no study has tried to develop and validate a multiple-choice food-based FFQ in Iran using weighed dietary records.This study aimed to investigate the validity and reproducibility of a multiple-choice semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ)in adults living in central Iran.Methods: Participants attended a large long-term clinical trial were asked to complete three SQ-FFQs by interview, and nine 3-day weighed dietary records (WDRs), over nine months.They provided two blood samples to assess serum calcium, magnesium, zinc, and vitamin C levels.The Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess reproducibility and validity. The degree of misclassification was explored by using a contingency table of quartiles which is compare the information between third FFQ and WDRs. The method of triads was incorporated to assess validity coefficients between estimated intakes using third FFQ, WDRs, and biochemical markers and assumed true intakes.Results: A total of180 adults aged 48.9±8.4 years completed the study. Compared to WDRs, FFQs overestimated all nutrients intakes except for iron. The median Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.31, 0.44, and 0.38 for FFQ1-FFQ2, FFQ1-FFQ3 and FFQ2-FFQ3, respectively andICC ranged from 0.43 (thiamin) to 0.73 (vitamin D, median: 0.56). The de-attenuated, age, sex, and education adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from 0.01 for vitamin A to 0.40 for vitamin B12 and -0.05 for vitamin A to 0.41 for manganese (median: 0.17 and 0.26) for FFQ1-WDR and FFQ3-WDR, respectively.The medianexact agreement and complete disagreement between FFQ3 and WDRs were 33% and 6%, respectively.The FFQ3validity coefficientsfor vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were 0.13, 0.62, 0.89, and 0.66, respectively, using the triads method.Conclusions: The SQ-FFQseems to be an acceptable tool to assess the long-term dietary intake for future large-scale studies in this population.
Improving the Interpretability of Random Forest Models of Genetic Association in the Presence of Non-Additive Interactions
Authors: Orlenko Alena , Moore Jason H
Published: May 2020

Background Non-additive interactions among genes are frequently associated with a number of phenotypes, including known complex diseases such as Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Detecting interactions requires careful selection of analytical methods, and some machine learning algorithms are unable or underpowered to detect or model feature interactions that exhibit non-additivity. The Random Forest method is often employed in these efforts due to its ability to detect and model non-additive interactions. In addition, Random Forest has the built-in ability to estimate feature importance scores, a characteristic that allows the model to be interpreted with the order and effect size of the feature association with the outcome. This characteristic is very important for epidemiological and clinical studies where results of predictive modeling could be used to define the future direction of the research efforts. An alternative way to interpret the model is with a permutation feature importance metric which employs a permutation approach to calculate a feature contribution coefficient in units of the decrease in the model’s performance. Currently, it is unclear which Random Forest feature importance metric provides a superior estimation of the true informative contribution of features in genetic association analysis.Results To address this issue, and to improve interpretability of Random Forest predictions, we compared different methods for feature importance estimation in real and simulated datasets with non-additive interactions. As a result, we detected a discrepancy between the metrics evaluations for the real-world datasets and further established that the permutation feature importance metric provides more precise feature importance rank estimation for the simulated datasets with non-additive interactions.Conclusions By analyzing both real and simulated data, we established that the permutation feature importance metric provides more precise feature importance rank estimation in the presence of non-additive interactions.