bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical Epistemological Cycles of the Relationship Between Science and Philosophy
Authors: Fekolli Jetmira
Published: June 2023

The close connection of philosophy with science and vice versa, of science with philosophy, makes necessary a brief analysis for the creation of epistemology as a special discipline of philosophy. The importance of this analysis is related to a number of reasons. On the one hand, because it has a long way to go as a separate discipline and that, in a way, even though it has clearly defined its field, and inherited many aspects of philosophy over the centuries. On the other hand, it appears to briefly show the complexity of knowledge, its flows and sources, as well as epistemological features. Therefore, in the following, the historical aspect as well as the establishment of epistemology as a philosophical discipline starts from the origin to the rationalist theories in epistemology. The common denominator of epistemological theories is that they all without exception derive from the history of the development of science, a history which serves to build relevant theories that cover the entire development of science, and at the same time explain that in terms of how the activity scientific should be developed in different researches. The purpose of this paper is to present the specific perspectives of each of the approaches, be they epistemological or scientific. Also, what features do they consider characteristic during the scientific development of science and how do they think that scientific research should be carried out as an activity of scientists.

 

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
The Nature of the Legal Acts Produced by the Government Essentially Alienated the Nature, Spirit and Constitution of the Albanian State 1944 – 1948
Authors: Ahmetaj Lavdosh , Karaj Kamila
Published: June 2023

The first acts of the Albanian government produced during the years 1944 and 1948 passed into the ownership of the state the assets of the occupying states and those of their collaborators as well as those individuals who in some cases were not confirmed by some special legal provisions in force. These acts hit the foundations of the economic, legal and political order of free capital, which, in the ideological notion of "speculator", enabled the absolute limitation of the free private economy and alienated property as the foundation of human freedom. While through the extraordinary tax, radical control over society, industry and foreign trade was established, accompanied by the cancellation of the conventions of the National Bank and the creation of the State Bank. The legal acts issued during March 1946 February 1947, nationalized the means of production of industrial enterprises that were in the hands of Albanian owners or capitalists was done in a short time through the only method without remuneration. The characteristic of the implementation of legal acts was radical, expressing class interests, ideologizing the state of the dictatorship of the majority against the ideologically conceived minority as "declassed" or "kulak".

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
UN Standards of Conduct for Business on Tackling Discrimination against LGBTI+ People
Authors: Isufaj Mentor
Published: June 2023

This work will particularly focus on the discrimination against LGBTI+ community with respect to the right to equal employment opportunities, including employment application stage, recruitment process and work environment once a person is already employed. There are different practical and theoretical approaches and theories featuring in the academic and political discussions on the matter. Both academia and praxis provides us with evidence to conclude that the issue of discrimination at work for the LGBTI+ community continues to exist, even though there may be legal and institutional provisions in place that protect them. The aim of the study is to critically analyze the current situation in light of the recommendations that the United Nations’ Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) published in 2017 in its report titled “Standards of Conduct for Business on Tackling Discrimination against LGBTI people”. Among others, this paper seeks to identify the relevant legal aspects of the United Nations Standards of Conduct for Business, in particular identifying their innovative and original feature as well as engaging with the criticism that was directed at it. To achieve the aforementioned goals, we will provide conceptual background information with regard to sexual orientation and gender identity as well as employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and its various forms. Secondly, we will focus on the consequences associated with this form of discrimination that have been identified so far. Lastly, we will assess the specific United Nations tool, which constitutes a core theme of this work, aimed at addressing discrimination at workplace of LGBTI+ people. Although sexual orientation and gender identity should in principle have nothing to do with an employee’ performance in the workplace, researchers has documented that almost half (46%) of LGBT employees in the United States feel secluded in the workplace. A key aspect for minimizing the phenomenon of discrimination in work based on sexual orientation and gender identity is a continuing awareness-raising effort with the help of the media, aiming to form all individuals in a belief that no one has the right to judge an employee’s job performance based on his or her sexual preferences. Also, the demonstration of positive practices by the employer and the promotion of a positive environment within the staff are key to avoiding conflicts at work. In addition, an ever-increasing and close cooperation between the institutions that protect the rights of the LGBTI+ community, such as non-profit organizations that focus on protecting LGBTI+ people, and LGBTI+ people themselves could change the situation at work.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Implementation of Human Rights
Authors: Guzina Sonila , Tiri Edvana
Published: June 2023

Human rights are understood as rights that belong to every individual as a consequence of being human, regardless of legal acts. By affirming the existence of human rights, we say that every human being, by the very fact that he or she is such, is entitled to something. The modern concept of human rights is rooted in experiences of "legal illegality" when crimes were committed under the authority of the law and when some human beings were denied such status. These rights are defined as those rights that are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings. Basic human rights and freedoms give us the opportunity to fully develop and use our human qualities, our intelligence, our consciousness, and fulfill our demands. The issue of human rights has received a great deal of attention. Today, the violation of human rights is taken seriously by international bodies and most countries have their own legislation to guarantee the protection and implementation of human rights. Human rights are closely related to the state's obligation to protect and promote them. Putting the state in their focus refers to the governing model, the state is the main actor, the responsible and responsible entity for the promotion of human rights and freedoms. In fact, the obligation and role of the state does not consist only in a passive position to promote them, but at the same time, it also has as a duty and as a primary obligation the undertaking of actions to guarantee and protect human rights and freedoms through policies active. The issue of human rights has attracted the attention of many people. As a legal category, human rights are presented in the creation of the first legal rules, where these give us the opportunity to develop and fully use our qualities and fulfill our requirements. The most effective protection of human rights is through state public institutions, where the state has the most powerful monopoly of force through which it can realize political goals and ideas, The aspiration to protect human dignity represents the essence of the concept of human rights. This aspiration puts the human being at the center of interest, where it is based on the common universal system of values committed to the right to life, as an inviolable right, and provides a framework for building the system of human rights. to man.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Private Pensions (The Only Way to Increase Pensions System in Albania)
Authors: Petraj Ina
Published: June 2023

The private pensions market, even though it is known as a relatively new market in Albania, its study and analysis takes on a very special importance as this market is directly related to the growth of pensions as a whole. In the doctrine of financial law, three main pillars are recognized for the way the pension scheme works today. The first pillar is a state insurance system of the pay-as-you-go principle. This system is based on the principle of solidarity and continuity of generations. The second pillar is a combination of the state system and the private one, where every insured person in the compulsory state insurance scheme (the first pillar) is legally obliged to pay a part of the individual contributions to a private pension fund. In our opinion, this way remains one of the best ways for the development and growth of this market in Albania, solving at the same time a very big social problem related to the third age in our country. The third pillar is a completely voluntary system with private management, where every person who wants to have higher sources of income for the retirement period enters into an insurance relationship with these private institutions, which, through efficient management, ensure higher income large and additional benefits against the payment of contributions. This paper is a study of the private pension market in Albania and the analysis of some of its constituent elements, in an attempt to answer some important issues related to the development of this market as a whole.

 

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Kosovo's Journey Towards European Integration: Progress, Challenges, and the Way Forward
Authors: Tare Denisa
Published: June 2023

Kosovo, a landlocked country in the Western Balkans, declared independence from Serbia in 2008. Since then, it has been actively pursuing its European integration process to become a fully-fledged member of the European Union. The European integration process is a strategic priority for Kosovo, as it seeks to align its legal, institutional, and administrative framework standard. The process promotes democratic governance, the rule of law, human rights, and economic development. Kosovo's European integration process is guided by the Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) it signed with the European Union in 2015, which sets out the framework for Kosovo's engagement with the European Union and outlines the necessary reforms and commitments for its European integration. The SAA is accompanied by several other European Union instruments and initiatives, such as the European Reform Agenda, which provides a roadmap for reforms, and the European Investment Plan, which aims to boost economic growth and investment in Kosovo. The European integration process is crucial for Kosovo's political stability, economic prosperity, and social development. It is seen as a way to strengthen the rule of law, democracy, and human rights. And to enhance Kosovo's regional cooperation and reconciliation efforts. However, Kosovo faces various challenges in its European integration process, including corruption, organized crime, weak governance, and socio-economic disparities. In this context, discussion on the necessary steps for Kosovo to continue its path towards European integration, focusing on key areas such as reforms, democratic governance, alignment with the European Union acquis, economic development, human capital, regional cooperation, administrative capacities, citizen engagement, dialogue with the European Union, and progress monitoring. By taking these steps, Kosovo can progress in its European integration process and move closer to its goal of European Union membership.

 

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 14 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
AN OVERVIEW ABOUT “THE ALBANIAN GRAMMAR” (1882) OF KRISTOFORIDHI
Authors: MYRTA Manola
Published: June 2023

Kristoforidhi, a prominent figure for Albania, has a significant position among the Albanian linguists. His contribution and merits in the field of the Albanian linguistics is well known. His work “The grammar of the Albanian language” (1882), written in Tosk dialect, it is considered the best-written work of this kind, taking into account the period when Kristoforidhi published it. This text has been in the spotlight of many scholars and linguists, either in terms of content, or in terms of structure or due to the fact that it was written in Toskdialect, or in terms of its main purpose. This paper aims, first, to highlight the values this work, as a unique grammar of its kind and not as a reproduction of the Albanian grammar models which is written earlier back in time, where it is provided a general description of the structure of this grammar. Secondly, the paper aims to introduce it as a work which is highly estimated as it was relied on factual material collected by the author himself. Furthermore, in the focus of this paper is on the questions raised by Albanian linguists; why Kristoforidhi published the Grammar in Greek and if there were consequences of its publication in a foreign language. In this part of the study, it is aimed to highlight the reasons why the linguist was forced to take such a decision. However, Kristoforidhi’s “The grammar of the Albanian language” constitutes a valuable work in the whole set of works of this nature in the Albanian linguistic tradition.
THE EXTENT OF ITALY’S MILITARY CONTROL IN NORTHERN ALBANIA AND THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF CONTRADICTIONS WITH FRANCE 1917-1918
Authors: AHMETAJ Lavdosh
Published: June 2023

The paper reflects the moment with the interests of the history of the first world war in the Albanian territory, it is about the military movement of Italy to the north of Albania, to put it under its administrative and political control. This moment intertwines and crystallizes at the same time the withdrawal of Serbia from Middle Albania and its control by Italy and the emergence of Esat Toptani, who seems to withdraw from his political activity at the request of French politics in Albania, to be reactivated by France at the Peace Conference which would take place a year later in Paris. France, on the other hand, was interested in Esati making political divorce with Italy so that he would be politically used by Ke D’Orseja (French Foreign Ministry). This political movement essentially had strategic implications through the resurrection of the Secret Trakatate of London, in the service of its own interests France.
TEACHER EVALUATION WITHIN SCHOOL CONTEXT
Authors: PRESI Olivera
Published: June 2023

The assessment is only one component of a comprehensive growth and development system of a teacher. The public education system in the U.S. involves many stakeholders and roles whose responsibilities aim to support and enhance student learning. Unfortunately, the education system itself is a lack of alignment and coherence. Trying to fix what seems to be broken, it may transfer opposite results.
A STUDY OF STATE OF RETAIL SUPPLY CHAIN IN ALBANIA
Authors: KORSITA Bajram , CANIA Luftim
Published: June 2023

Retail Sales market in the last few years is developing with modern elements which have changed the view of retail sales. Online trading is one of the factors. As a result, retailsales in Albania is of great importance and has potential to develop in the future.This is comes as a result of the market structure and the market share of the participants. Consequently, the supply chain is expected to play an important role. But how effective is this chain and how does sharing technology make the difference between partners? In order to realize the study goals, the data was collected through questionnaires by interviewing the respective owners and perpetrators. The study sample is 48 retailers. A qualitative analysis has been carried out focusing on identifying the problems, about the elements of efficiency and the sharing of information through theology.
FOCUS “SECURITY” OF STORAGE AREA NETWORK (SAN)
Authors: XHAFERRA Edmira , BOZHIQI Kristel , RAPOZO Charles
Published: June 2023

The Storage Area Network (SAN) is a space-saving storage technology to manage data securely. The amount of data that needs to be stored is growing, and this is due to the growing number of users of Information Technology all over the world. In this paper we will see what this technology is, the basic components that are involved in its construction, the protocols that are being used, and will address security issues in SAN.SAN, provides storage space management and maintains fast data up. Security has been and remains the top priority for any campaign that works with sensitive information and data, another element should be SANs. The vulnerability assessment is one of the critical requirements to make data storage a system safe. Knowledge about security elements and solutions can help data storage administrators to increase the security level and reliability of networks.
CIVIL PARTICIPATION AS A NECESSITY OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
Authors: BALLA Arkend , MEMA Mithat
Published: June 2023

Civic participation is a very important aspect of democratic governance. In general terms, civic participation means the effort of citizens to take into account their concerns, needs, values and expectations in decision-making processes. Citizen participation in policy development and development programs is really feasible to achieve a two-way communication between citizens and offices and state employees at the central and local level. In order for a citizen’s participation to be healthy and effective, it is always required that the government process be open to participation of citizens, state offices, central and local government bodies as well as transparent, and persistent citizens. Citizens should be well informed about the role they can play, their rights and obligations in the quality of their partner with governing institutions. This paper aims to address the need for a democratic system for citizen participation in policy-making and non-visa policy processes.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA DURING THE NATO BOMBING IN KOSOVO
Authors: BYTYÇI Enver
Published: June 2023

In the Kosovo crisis and the Alliance’s military commitment to solving it, information has played a paramount role for several reasons: first, because the public opinion was elaborated and persuaded by information and media, secondly, because the media was able toreach its users in a record time. Kosovo was part of the public awareness and information in the world for a long time. The beginnings of this processcan be found with no disruptionfrom 1981. Yugoslavia was then a relatively open country and tens of hundreds of reporters, journalists and analysts in the West had the opportunity to be present and witness the eventsin Kosovo. Thanks to this fact, the historical developments from 1981 up to date are generally reflected mainly truthfully and without the influence of anti Albanian fabrications and defamation propaganda.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Dervishi Entela
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, it is easier for us as teachers to choose different methods and approaches in teaching and learning process. The aim of this study is to emphasize and analyzing the necessity of using information technology as a facilitator in English language learning. Also, we will discuss some of the advantages and difficulties, that we as teachers face while we use technology during language teaching. Our hypothesis is that it is important for us as teachers using technology within the class especially in difficult aspects of learning such as grammar or new information explaining. In order to support our hypothesis a theoretical and comparative study is conducted in two different Albanian schools: ‘Neim Babameto’ and ‘Albanian College’ at the same level of learning. In addition forty-three students of fifth grade in both two schools complete a questionnaire of quantitative data collection. The hypothesis that is important for us as teacher using technology in teaching is supported by the results of data collection. Also, the comparison between ‘Neim Babameto School’, where there is no technology using during English learning and Albanian College where it is widely used, shows that students of ‘Albanian College’ have better results and they can speak fluently English during a short period of time. This study supported our hypothesis that technology should normally be used during grammar and other difficult explanations in a foreign language classroom. In conclusion the findings of this study show that students support us in using this important ‘element’ of teaching. Perhaps this study will help future teachers in improving their teaching abilities.
THE ROLE OF THE INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASS ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Xhani Armanda
Published: June 2023

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become a common part in all aspects of life. In the last twenty years, the use of ICT has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of virtually all forms involving education and education of the younger generation. Education is a social activity and the quality of education has traditionally been linked to teachers who have direct contact with students. ICT use in education involves more student-centered learning. But with the rapidly moving world of digital media and information, the role of ICT education is becoming more and more important and this importance will continue to grow and develop. This paper provides a summary of the use of ICT in education, the effects of its use in education, the quality of education and the motivation of students. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of using Teaching, its usefulness in learning based on questionnaires and observation in some Durres schools.
VACANCY IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT AFTER THE VETTING PROCESS AND PROBLEMATICS OF ITS MEMBERS’ ELECTION
Authors: CARA Arben , Margjeka Mimoza
Published: June 2023

The vetting process and the political tension in Albania in recent months, changed not only the normal relations between constitutional institutions, but also their institutional view. The problems that the transitional reassessment process of judges and prosecutors brought to the Albanian justice system, reached considerable dimensions, until the collapse of the most important chain-parts of the judicial system. The Albanian state became the protagonist of an unprecedented situation that culminates in the non-functioning of the Constitutional Court, the only one that can possibly respond to and resolve the political-institutional standoff that has been increasing in recent months on the shoulders of a fragile democracy. Initial delays in the functioning of the vetting institutions, in the establishment of new justice institutions, the vacancy in the High Court which inevitably consequences in the vacancy in the Constitutional Court; all these aspects, significantly reflected on the normal functioning of existing institutions. Today, there is an urgent need for a return to the envisioned and promised identity of the justice system, and the thoroughfare seems to be still a long one.
ALGORITHMIC METHOD FOR THE TRAFFIC LIGHTS REGULATION PROJECT IN THE CITY OF SHKODRA
Authors: LUMI Drakuli
Published: June 2023

s the largest center of social, economic and cultural development in Northern Albania, Shkodra has undergone significant changes in the last two decades. Like all Albania, it was also affected by migration and urbanization phenomena, which necessitated profound improvements in road infrastructure, both urban and interurban. The largest artery of the Albanian Road Network, the North-South Corridor, comprising most of its main interurban roads, crosses the territory of the Region. Demographic changes also conditioned the need to design new transport systems to cope with an increased flow of vehicles. We think that this paper contributes to this goal, which theoretically addresses the problems of improving the traffic lightening of the city of Shkodra, combined with the use of Intelligent Transport Systems. Based on the experience and literature of European developed countries in this regard, we analyzed some of the most commonly used algorithms to find the most optimal project solution. Comparison between methods and calibration of different values of topology variables serve for engineering calculations of traffic flows. The latter are then part of projects for remedial intervention in the existing infrastructure network.
Challenges and Employment Opportunities of Nursing Students After Finished the Master in “Surgical Nursing”
Authors: Krasniqi Marsida , Kalaja Rezarta
Published: June 2023

Nursing profiling provides a specialist with the best and in-depth knowledge of the market of labor, which would be easier to be selected as the winning candidate. Today a big problem is the migration of the professional in the medical field, which is affecting the medical service by reducing the quality of services to the patient and at the same time is reducing the necessary transfer of knowledge for the younger generations. In this study two questionnaires were constructed to better understand the importance of the professional program master in "Surgical Nursing". The first questionnaire was sent to students who have completed their studies in the professional master and the second questionnaire was sent to the institution where they were employed. 230 students who have completed professional master in Surgical Nursing in UAMD and 92 health institutions filled out the forms. From the answers received it was noted that most of the prospectuses work in public and / or private institutions inside and outside Albania putting in daily practice the knowledge obtained in our master program. Most of them admitted that the master had positively influenced the selection and stability of their place of work. The health institutions that employ our former students responded positively in terms of professional training of the surgical nurse. The institutions responded that they would recommend this study program for any nurse looking to work in the wards surgical. The students who graduate in the master program "Surgical Nursing" have increase the interest of public and private hospitals institutions as well as the clinics or polyclinics for their employment. In our study we have found an interest to employ our students from hospitals of other countries such as Germany and Italy.
The Challenges for the Revitalization of Education
Authors: Çaka Ilir
Published: June 2023

The dynamics of the events that have taken place during the last period, have placed the world education in general, but also the school in particular in the face of insignificant challenges. Trying to understand how and how much they cope with the change that this system had to face, especially Pre-University Schools and Universities brought concern to all actors in the field of education, but not only. This, in fact, has put the education system in the face of very complex problems. It had to undergo a series of changes and this had to happen at a rapid pace.The necessity for capacity building both in technological means for all actors involved in this new way of education, as well as in the preparation of teachers and pedagogues in the use of technology and online platforms was an indisputable challenge, where a very big role played even themselves. Given the challenges and dynamics of recent years, especially the "disease" faced not only by humanity, but also the world education system, the hypothesis raised in this study is: Will we be able to bridge the gap created by knowledge acquisition in this period? Will the education system be restored to its former efficiency, or should the entire system be reformed?

 

Received: 4 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Evaluation of Teaching Methods in Medical Technical Science Department of Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres
Authors: Kalaja Rezarta , Krasniqi Marsida
Published: June 2023

Teaching is the key to have a well- prepared student in the job market.The department of medical technical science has always been committed to teaching as high quality as possible. The aim of our study is to evaluate the teaching methods in Medial Technical Science Department in Aleksander Moisiu University of Durres. This is a cross- sectional studies conducted in a period of 2 moths were 332 students participate. Student’s feedback on teaching methods was collected through “Google form questionnaire”. Questions regarding type of teaching methods, how satisfy students were about teaching methods and what they suggest to improve the teaching were collected. Data were presented as percentage. In our study students were satisfied with teaching methods except with laboratory and hospital practice. Most of the students reported that video projector teaching methods has a great impact in understanding the lecture. More teaching and students interactivity and evaluation forms in the end of the lecture were suggested from the students.

 

Received: 30 January 2022 / Accepted: 5 March 2022 / Published: 20 March 2022
Contribution to the General History of School Health Service in Albania (From Origins to Nowadays)
Authors: Sota Jani
Published: June 2023

We are all witnesses of the great traces left by the school health service in Albania, especially after the Second World War, in the protection of the health of preschool and school age, we are witnesses, when the bodies and personalities of health and education defined the role of health care in kindergartens and schools. The purpose of this study is to highlight the common features and characteristics of the health service in preschool and school institutions with a special identity, in order to care for the physical and mental health of children and students, hygienic care and disease prevention. infectious infections, as well as health education in the learning process. Methodology: study of source materials, such as newspapers, magazines and monographs; A comparison has been made between the school health service in Albania and those of western countries during the years, in order to derive their common features and goals. Procedure: analysing in detail some aspects of identity of school service or of any contemporary feature of our country or western countries, we will see that: the historical development of the school health service in Albania, compared to those of western countries; Albanian government policies to protect the health of children and students; organization of health service in kindergartens and schools of towns and villages; regulations of the school health service which determined the character of this service, the prophylactic and medical one according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure the development of physical and psychomotor norms of children and students, etc ; indicators of the improvement of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of preschool and school institutions after 1990; etc.

 

Received: 4 January 2022 / Accepted: 24 February 2022 / Published: 20 March 2022
Impact of Unethical Cannabis Marketing and Its Legal Status on Albanian Consumers
Authors: Lamçe Nives , Mani Aelita , Xhuveli Adriana
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study how different marketing strategies regarding cannabis products can affect the buying behavior of consumers in a developing country like Albania, where cannabis cultivation, production, and marketing of its by-products are still prohibited. Primary data have been collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to a population residing mostly in Tirana, but also in Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia, made up of students as well as young and middle-aged professionals of different fields. This sample has been chosen to study if people from countries with a legalized cannabis market tend to be more affected by cannabis advertising and consequently to use more cannabis products, as well as the risk of a negative impact of massive advertising on abusive use of medical and recreational cannabis among different age-groups of the society, especially the most vulnerable ones. To evaluate the data, a regression analysis has been used, which showed that unethical marketing practices in advertising cannabis for recreational and medical purposes do affect considerably sales of these products among citizens. The findings are important to help compile the relevant legislation regarding the marketing of cannabis for these purposes, to adapt to the consequences of possible future legalization.

 

Received: 25 December 2021 / Accepted: 20 February 2022 / Published: 20 March 2022
Challenges of Teachers and Leaders in Education During the Covid-19 Period
Authors: Deliu Elda
Published: June 2023

The previous year turned out to be a very intense period for all of us. Packed full of unusual challenges which cause a heavy psychological burden on anyone. Different individuals coped with this situation in different ways. The most affected persons to be included in the study are teachers and heads of educational institutions. This paper aims to highlight the challenges faced by teachers during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, the way it is run and the impact and this situation on their psychological health. The participants of the study are 173 teachers from the city of Durrës, part of the preschool cycle, elementary education, lower secondary education, lower secondary education, as well as 14 heads of public and private educational institutions (school and kindergarten). The teachers were interviewed through the platform "Google Form", according to the Pandemic restrictions. At the end of the paper, it was concluded that the difficulties during this academic year the teaching process faced, was of high level. Student negligence, lack of technological equipment or even the non-cooperation between teachers and parents brought various problems. Too much quarantine, online learning, excessive documentation, remain a key stress factor for teachers. It was noticed as a positive point the cooperation between teachers and heads which led to the successful closing of the school year.

 

Received: 13 January 2022 / Accepted: 25 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Developing Essential Skills for Further Education or Employment: A Case from Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Hasa Daniela , Ajazi Kristina
Published: June 2023

Lifelong learning is part of important educational policies, which are generally developed to ensure that adults are provided with opportunities to either further their education or to complete their education process, which could have been interrupted for various reasons. It also provides learners with training opportunities, particularly a certain group who is seeking employment. However, there is more to the concept of lifelong learning than just this traditional definition. Nowadays, the lifelong learning concept applies to learning that occurs throughout ones’ life and it involves various social groups; it also takes place at either a formal, non-formal or informal learning setting. The paper intends to provide an overview of how the concept of lifelong learning is applied by a training organization in Perth, Western Australia, known as Centacare Employment and Training. It will provide an overview of its main programs and how they are delivered to the target groups. The objective of this paper is to identify some of main characteristics of adult learning and how they can be used to inform higher education teaching methodologies and policies, so that they have a positive effect on this group of the society and on the society in general. In addition, the methodology that will be used for the paper is based on observations and hands on teaching experience within this setting, as well as supported by the examination of the literature available for this topic. Finally, the results of this paper will be delivered as recommendations, which can be adopted by HE institutions or relevant actors responsible for the drafting of educational policies.
 
Received: 12 April 2022 / Accepted: 29 June 2022 / Published: 1 July 2022
A New Path to a New “Normal”: Beyond Coronavirus
Authors: Kadiu Arjana , Tivari Saimira
Published: June 2023

Beyond causing a health crisis, the Pandemic is “forcing” a new, inevitable global economic order. What will happen next, in the new reality? A restructuring of the economic and social order is beginning to happen. This makes us wonder about how the next normal will be? Especially in developing countries like Albania, the path may be more difficult and may require more time. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of establishing the key elements of the new right path. A green approach, according to global standards will help Albania toward sustainable economic development. Based on current theoretical research and following descriptive and explanatory research, the study aims to design the steps for a stable development path and analyze issues related to green growth processes in Albania. A stable economic development requires a lot of engagement from all actors and all leaders. Based on current studies, about other countries around the world, and adapted path for Albania, as a country of the Western Balkans will be proposed. Like all countries around the world, Albania is also engaging in the Covid battle. At the end of the study, it is aimed to design a structure, explaining the necessary steps to the “next normal”.

 

Received: 15 September 2022 / Accepted: 22 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
Mediatization of European Union Integration Process
Authors: Gjerazi Blerina
Published: June 2023

The process of European integration for the Albanian government is characterized by several stages whose cycle has not yet been completed. The first phase, which began in 1992, focused on economic and trade cooperation with the European Economic Community, to be followed 14 years later by the Stabilization and Association Agreement, the signing of which paved the way for the European Union integration process. The third stage is characterized by some important achievements, where at the end of 2010 the visa regime for Albanians in the Schengen Area was abolished, while in 2014 Albania received the status of EU candidate country. However, the final goal has not yet been achieved. The common denominator of all stages remains "professional and depoliticized administration, strengthening the rule of law, the fight against corruption, the fight against organized crime, the protection of human rights" . The effects of this process have been comprehensive regarding reforms, strategies, government plans and international cooperation. Naturally, this process, which is so important for Albania and Albanians, could not stay out of the media spotlight. Due to the extraordinary impact on the Albanian society, this process has opened a wide discourse in the public opinion and has had the predisposition to be placed as the priority agenda of the day. Political discourse has also influenced the prioritization of this issue in different spheres and levels of society. As society and the public do not have a direct connection to the process, much of the news, events and information about integration is conveyed through the media. The media in this case is not only the mediator for conveying information about the European integration process, but also enjoys the potential to influence public opinion through mediatization. Krotz (2007) depicts mediatization as a “metaprocess that affects democracy, society, culture, politics”. While Lundby (2009) adds that "it does not simply refer to an ongoing process that evolves throughout history, but to developments that are highly contemporary" . From this point of view, the media discusses historical contexts, reports the developments, integrates them into the daily events based on the respective features of the type of communication.

 

Received: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
Contradictions Between War and Natural Trends for Peace in the Concerned Balkan State
Authors: Ahmetaj Lavdosh , Karaj Kamila
Published: June 2023

War as a phenomenon of crisis as political as economic as a phenomenon and geopolitical are evidenced not just as curiosity, but viewed as clear and concrete tendencies, to attract the political and ideological attention of states and peoples who were found prone naturally towards peace. Whereas, from a geopolitical point of view, it seems that Europe, in dealing with the situation, is not sufficiently prepared for a crisis as deep as military as well as economic, which contradicts the revanchist tendencies of Russia, which in its political history has been shown. Instigator of tensions, in the troubled Balkans. This phenomenon is reflected in the history of the Balkan states since the beginning of the twentieth century. For almost a century, she has been known for inciting nationalism in the Balkans through her puppets, who already seem to be in the crosshairs of the Ukraine crisis, but also internationally. Whereas, in the inter-Balkan relations, the expression of the crisis reflects its symbiosis, which is bringing a dangerous precedent in the world peace.

 

Received: 17 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
The Anthropization of the Tirana-Durra Region Case Study: Former Durrës Swamp
Authors: Reka Armela
Published: June 2023

Anthroposizing is the transformation or adaptation of the environment to meet the needs of humans. This phenomenon in its most advanced stage in the territory recognizes the process of urbanization. The process of anthropization, which leads to urbanization, is mainly related to the alienation of land use. In the area of the former Swamp of Durrës, the change in land use has come gradually, leading to intensive urbanization. Some of the anthropizing processes that lead to urbanization are: covering the land with inert materials, fragmentation of habitats for different purposes, land occupation for future investment purposes. We are already in a transitional phase. The need to preserve this area is threatened by the effect of population growth, uncontrolled population movement and their activities. This prolonged anthropization process developed over 30 years has created strong environmental impacts in the area, translating once again the alienation of the land, the creasing of the land and different uses. All these alienations have caused the swamp to take on its characteristics such as: oversaturation with water and the creation of bogs. Anthropogenic activity is always increasing, causing "urban surprises"

 

Received: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Study and Monitoring of Driving Forces that Arise at the Contact Point Between the Wheel Border and the Rail during the Motion of the Rail Vehicle on a Curved Path of the Railway Line
Authors: Doraci Koçi , Selmani Erjon , Çomeni Leonard
Published: June 2023

One of the most acute problems faced today by Railway Transport Companies is the rapid wear of locomotive wheel borders in the freight transport. Hence, the purpose of this article is to find ways to reduce the forces acting on the wheels of railway vehicles, generally during their movement in small radius turns. For means of simplification has been assumed that the train is moving at uniform speed during a curved path. Analyzing the scheme of action of forces on the pair of wheels, we see that one of the ways to reduce this consumption phenomenon is to reduce the parasitic moment of frictional forces. With reference to the practice of roller-contact studies, we modeled mathematically the redistribution of frictional forces at the point of contact of the wheel – rail pair and realized two computer models for two variants of wheel profiles: conical and curved.

 

Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
A Survey of Students, Professors, and Stakeholders' Expectations for the New MSc Study Program in Maritime Environmental Protection and Management at the University of Montenegro/Faculty of Maritime Studies in Kotor
Authors: Nikolic Danilo , Skuric Maja , Gagic Radmila
Published: June 2023

This study presents achieved results of conducted survey within the Erasmus + CBHE project "Development of Regional Joint Master Program in Maritime Environmental Protection and Management - MEP&M". The purpose of the study was to determine the expectation of students and professors at University of Montenegro/Faculty of Maritime studies Kotor and Montenegrin blue economy stakeholders toward new regional interdisciplinary joint MSc program Marine Environmental Protection and Management. In addition, the study included a survey of professors' and students' satisfaction with existing courses in different fields of marine environmental protection and management, the implementation of distance learning at the Faculty, and their knowledge of English, as the new program will be held in English and organized as blended learning. Survey on satisfaction level of blue economy stakeholders with cooperation with academia was conducted as well. According to the findings, the majority of respondents showed high expectations for the new MSc program and believe that having this program is very important for the University as well as blue economy sector in Montenegro. Also, satisfaction levels of different surveys showed that professors and students would need additional preparation in order to fully implement new MSc program, and that current collaboration between the university and the blue economy sector would need to be enhanced.

 

Received: 24 September 2022 / Accepted: 24 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in Public Administration
Authors: Isufaj Mentor
Published: June 2023

In the last two decades in our country have been undertaken a series of policies to draft the necessary legislation to prevent and combat the phenomenon of conflict of interest as a tool to fight corruption and strengthen the integrity of institutions in the country. These policies for drafting the necessary legislation to address the conflict of interest are a requirement for the challenges of building the rule of law, an efficient and professional administration in the service of citizens and our country's obligations to the European integration process and membership in international organizations such as Council of Europe and United Nations. Legislation has changed continuously in recent years in an effort to adapt to the problems that have arisen during its implementation in practice. These efforts have materialized with the adoption of an entire legal and procedural framework. A comprehensive reform has also been made in the training and preparation of professional human capacities, for the responsible implementation of the law in this stage. The concept of continuous conflict of interest is the situation in which a conflict of interest may recur repeatedly and/or frequently in the future. Legislation for the prevention of conflict of interest has provided the obligation of every official to take active and effective measures, at the most effective time to avoid conflict of interest situations. However, the impact of all these efforts has not been sufficient and effective and the conflict of interest remains a complex challenge and issue to be addressed and resolved.

 

Received: 23 September 2022 / Accepted: 27 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022