bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Update: Fit-For-Purpose Sand Screens Address Cost-Benefit Balance
Authors: Harper Duncan , Green Annabel
Published: January 2017

Technology Update

The pursuit of hydrocarbon reserves and increased oil production means that operators continue to look to prolific high-permeability, clastic reservoirs that can be found in basins around the world.

The use of high-deviation and horizontal well trajectories in these fields increases the amount of reservoir contacted by the wellbore, which improves productivity but increases the challenges of sand control.

Practical sand-control options for these wells include gravel packs, standalone screens, and slotted liners. The lower flux rates in extended-reach wells, and the high cost of gravel packing mean that operators are increasingly turning to standalone screens as the solution. However, the choice of screen will depend on the particular application to ensure that the well completion can retain the sand, avoid plugging and erosion, and maintain mechanical integrity.

Subsea deployments, exits through milled windows, and long horizontal wells with swelling shales or unstable boreholes require a more robust and mechanically stronger solution. Other, less challenging wells may not require this level of mechanical performance yet still may need a sturdier sand-control solution than the use of standard screens.

Weighing costs and benefits has become increasingly important in the current economically challenging environment. Operators cannot afford to use over-engineered solutions and demand a more focused option to fit their needs. Specifically, there is an increasing need for screens that are engineered to reduce cost and maintain performance but are stronger than a traditional screen.

Sand-Control Screens

An effective sand screen is designed to allow the larger formation particles to bridge across the openings to offer maximum fluid flow area and reduce plugging. Smaller formation particles are then retained behind the larger “bridged” particles. Premium screens incorporate layers of metal mesh or weave to handle a larger range of particle sizes while increasing the fluid flow area and providing greater mechanical strength and erosion resistance.
Direct Electrical Heating of a Flexible Pipe
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 26936, “Direct Electrical Heating of a Flexible Pipe,” by T. Holst, T. Larsen, A. Straarup, K. Glejbol, and K.S. Olsen, National Oilwell Varco Denmark, prepared for the 2016 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 2–5 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2016 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

This paper describes a new direct electrical heating method in flexible-pipe systems. The method effectively expands the operational envelope of flexible unbonded pipes by offering prevention and removal of hydrate plugs and mitigation of wax precipitation by distributed heating along the entire pipe length. The direct-electrical-heating solution is effectively operated as a coaxial cable, where electrical current is passed through the carcass and returned through the tensile-armor (TA) layers.

The Concept of Direct-Heated Flexible Pipes

The general structure of the flexible unbonded pipe is shown in Fig. 1. The inside of the pipe consists of a stainless, wound carcass surrounded by a polymeric pressure sheath defining the fluid barrier. On top of the liner is pressure armoring made from interlocked C-shaped profiles. TA is made from two layers of helically wound steel profiles wound in opposite directions. Thermal-insulation tape may be present on top of the TA. The pipe is protected by a polymeric outer sheath.

The idea behind the new flexible-pipe- heating concept is to pass electrical current directly through the existing carcass structure and return the current through the TA wires. This configuration makes it possible to feed the power into the pipe with the electrical feeds being connected only to the one end of the pipe, which is normally mounted topside. This electrical configuration resembles a standard, coaxial-cable geometry, where the polymeric pressure sheath serves as the dielectric insulator.

Although the direct-heating solution can be used as a standalone system, there are significant advantages to combining it with a fiber-optic thermal- monitoring system. Together, these two technologies yield a complete heating system that allows for monitoring and control.
New Rotary-Steerable System Delivers High Dogleg Severity, Improves Penetration Rate
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: January 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 177836, “New Rotary-Steerable Drilling System Introduction in the UAE for ADCO Delivers High DLS Capabilities While Improving ROP and Providing Extensive Formation-Evaluation Data,” by Imran Tipu, Shurooq Abdulla Mohamed Al Jasmi, Juma Sulaiman Al Shamsi, Ali M. Danche, and Muhammad Javid, Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Petroleum Operations, and Jehanzeb Nurzai, SPE, Enrico Biscaro, SPE, and Nour Shat, Baker Hughes, prepared for the 2015 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A new rotary-steerable system (RSS) was designed to give geometrically greater dogleg-severity (DLS) capability while still being able to withstand the increased bending stresses. This high-build-rate RSS was able to eliminate controlled rate of penetration (ROP) as a limiter, which resulted in 39% ROP improvement. In addition, the development of a high-build-rate RSS provided multiple benefits, including elimination of ROP and logging-while-drilling limitations, increased curvature capabilities, and higher reliability of the system with respect to high-bending-related issues.

Introduction

Directional-Drilling Methods. In the early days of directional drilling, the process involved jetting and the use of bent subs as the main methods for deviating a wellbore. These methods largely have been superseded by the use of engineered bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) for inclination-only control and motor or rotary-steerable BHAs for complete 3D control.

Simple BHAs (Inclination Control).

In simple BHAs, placement of stabilizer elements determines the net force on the bit and results in either a building or a dropping tendency of the BHA.

A stabilizer placed close to the bit acts as a fulcrum, with one side being forced down by the weight of drill collars. Because of this, the bit will drill along a path of increasing inclination and the BHA will have a tendency to build angle.

On the other hand, a stabilizer placed significantly away from the bit will cause the collars below to sink to the low side of the borehole, pushing the bit to drill a path of decreasing inclination. This BHA will have a tendency to drop angle.

A BHA designed to maintain direction will have stabilizers placed so as to create a rigid BHA, which will not bend in any direction with the force of gravity, causing the bit to drill along a straight path.
POLYPROPYLENE MESH IMPLANT AND A-PRF MEMBRANE FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TRAUMATIC DEFECTS OF THE LATERAL AND BACK WALL OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS
Authors: Malanchuk Vladyslav , Efisko Vadym , Logvynenko Iryna , Efisko Natalia
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible use of Polypropylene mesh implant and A-PRF membrane for covering the defects of the lateral and back wall of the maxillary sinus after its traumatic damages.

Materials: non-resorbable Polypropylene mesh implant was used in 10 patients as a barrier membrane for prevention of adipose tissue herniation into maxillary sinus.

Method: 3 D CT was used for assessment of bone fragments position and volumetric parameters of the maxillary sinus before and after surgical repair.

Result: Postoperative 3-D CT after 2 months demonstrated effective reestablishment of anatomical configuration of sinus and its volume, absence of pathological inflammatory changes of the sinus mucosa.

Conclusion: Polypropylene mesh implant provides effective barrier between soft tissues and maxillary sinus, due to its strength characteristic and biocompatibility.
Napromienianie całego ciała w Wielkopolskim Centrum Onkologii
Authors: Karolak Anna
Published: January 2017

W Wielkopolskim Centrum Onkologii od 1993 roku stosuje się schemat napromieniania całego ciała. Pacjenci napromieniani są dawkami z zakresu 12 Gy do 14,4 Gy. Liczba frakcji zależy od dawki całkowitej. Najdłuższy schemat TBI mający przygotować pacjenta do przyjęcia „nowego” szpiku kostnego to 4 dni. Procedura to stosowana jest w przypadku ostrej lub przewlekłej białaczki szpikowej. Pacjent jest odpowiednio pozycjonowany do każdego seansu terapeutycznego, tak aby jego każde ułożenie było odtwarzalne oraz komfortowe. Szczególnym narządem krytycznym w procesie TBI są płuca, dlatego też w celu zmniejszenia w nich dawki  stosuje się aplikatory ze stopu Wood’a. W wyniku tego należy dopromienić obszar klatki piersiowej wiązką elektronową.
Logistyczno-prawne aspekty prowadzenia badań klinicznych w Polsce
Authors: Tańska Ewa
Published: January 2017

Badania kliniczne są bardzo ważnym obszarem funkcjonowania ośrodków medycznych na całym świecie. Prowadząc badania kliniczne w Polsce zarówno ośrodek medyczny jak i zespół badawczy zdobywają uznanie i prestiż. Pacjenci również osiągają korzyść z włączania się ich ośrodka medycznego w badania kliniczne, ponieważ wówczas lekarze mogą zaoferować im ciekawe i często jedyne dostępne leczenie. Ośrodki medyczne są doskonale przygotowane infrastrukturalnie, wyposażeniowo,  organizacyjnie i prawnie, posiadają często najnowsze urządzenia diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne, które umożliwiają sprawne i kompleksowe przeprowadzenie badania klinicznego w jednym miejscu. Personel ośrodka jest wysoko wykwalifikowany, z wiedzą i umiejętnościami wielokrotnie potwierdzonymi międzynarodowymi certyfikatami. Sprawy formalne związane z negocjacjami i rozliczeniami badań klinicznych realizują wyspecjalizowane komórki organizacyjne funkcjonujące w strukturach ośrodków medycznych. W Polsce dostępna jest bogata baza pacjentów spełniających kryteria „włączenia do” i „wyłączenia z” badania klinicznego, co sprawia, że nasz kraj może być bardzo atrakcyjnym miejscem do przeprowadzania badań klinicznych.
Screening of F1 progeny for selection of superior hybrids in mulberry (Morus spp.) - A simple approach Part II: Screening of transplants in relation to seedling size
Authors: Basavaiah* Prof. , Shafiei Daryoush
Published: January 2017

In continuation of studies on the effect of seed size on growth, made under part-I, the effect of seed size and seedling size are studied jointly by size-grading of seedlings in to three classes under each seed-size class, with 2700 F1 promising genotypes of two crosses. The combined population was screened in two steps, adopting comparison tree method. In step-1, transplanted seedlings (transplants) with closer spacing were screened based on shoot weight for a period of two crops and 487 genotypes were shortlisted based on higher superiority percent. In step-2, these 487 transplants were replanted with wider spacing and screened using three parameters for a period of four crops. In each crop, the genotypes which showed superiority percent value more than Minimum Selection Standard for the parameters studied, were shortlisted. Among 22 genotypes shortlisted finally, 18 have come from large seed-size class and the remaining four are also from long seedling-size class of medium seed-size class. This clearly established the importance of size-grading of seeds and seedlings in screening process. As the chance of getting any promising genotype from small seeds is remote they could be rejected before sowing and as it is also true with small seedlings they could be rejected at nursery stage screening. The tracking of juvenile performance of shortlisted genotypes indicated that, shoot length and root collar diameter are more reliable parameters for assessing the growth of seedlings at nursery. Comparison tree method is found to be highly useful for shortlisting of transplants in mulberry
Specific Identification of a Taeniid Cestode from Snow Leopard, Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776 (Felidae) in Mongolia
Authors:   Department ofZoolopy, Faculty of Biology, National  University of Mongol~a, Ulaanbaatar 21 0646, Mongolia, Ganzorig Sumiya , Oku Yuzaburo ,   Laboratory of'Parasitology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkardo University, Sapporo 060- 0818, Japan e-mail, Okamoto Munehiro ,   Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan, Kamiya Masao ,   Laboratory of'Parasitology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkardo University, Sapporo 060- 0818, Japan e-mail: sganzorig(4yahoo.com
Published: January 2017

An unknown taeniid cestode, resembling Taenia hydatigena, was recovered from a snow leopard, Uncia uncia in Mongolia. Morphology and nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochromec oxidase subunit 1 gene (mt DNA COI) ofthe cestode found was examined. The cestode is differed from T hydatigena both morphologically and genetically. The differences between two species were in the gross length, different number of testes, presence of vaginal sphincter and in egg size. The nucleotide sequence of this cestode differed from that of 7: hydatigena at 34 of the 384 (8.6%) nucleotide positions examined. The present cestode is very close to 7: kotlani in morphology and size of rostellar hooks. However, the adult stages of the latter species are unknown, and further comparison was unfeasible.
First Records of the Genus Paraleuctra Hanson (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) and Isoperlaflavescens Zhiltzova et Potikha (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) for the Stonefly Fauna of Mongolia
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, Natatronal Universrty ofMongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia e-mail ospurtjyahoo com, Purevdorj Surenkhorloo , Miihlenberg Michael ,   Centre for  Nature Conservatron, Georg-August  University of Goettmgen, Von Siebold-Str 2 3 7075 Goettmgen, Germany e-ma11 mmuehleG&-wdg de, jslow~k(ijjgwdg de, Slowik Jolanta ,   Centre for  Nature Conservatron, Georg-August  University of Goettmgen, Von Siebold-Str 2 3 7075 Goettmgen, Germany e-ma11 mmuehleG&-wdg de, jslow~k(ijjgwdg de
Published: January 2017

Two species of stoneflies, Paraleuctrazapekinae Zhiltzova and Lsoperlaflavescens Zhiltzova et Potikha are recorded as new for the fauna of Mongolia as well as the genus Paraleuctra is firstly recorded in Mongolia. Redescriptions of the two species are given
Protein and Amino Acid Composition of Sea Buckthorn Seeds (Hippophae rhamnoides mongolica Rouse)
Authors:   *Department of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 21 0646, Mongolia, Uransanaa M. , Gerel D. ,   **Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Jamyansan Ya. ,   *Department of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 21 0646, Mongolia, Dash Ts. ,   *Department of Biochemistry and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 21 0646, Mongolia
Published: January 2017

The wild sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) is distributed in Mongeiia along the basin of rivers and lakes, which disposed between high mountains in western and northern parts ofthe country. The wild sea buckthorn is a cold tolerant unique plant with beneficial value of medicinal and cosmetic products. About 7.2% of wild sea buckthorn berries belongs to seeds and the pratein in seeds composed 37.79%, while the protein in shells equal to 15.25%. Best extraction of protiens was successful at value of pH=l- 3 or pH=10-12. The soluble protein content ofthe whole proteins in seeds was 37.4% at the value of pH=1 and 63.85% at pH=12, while the shell proteins were 16.2% and 22.8%, respectively. The tan1 content of essential amino acids is composed about 43.32-45.04% of whole protein. ~ h e r ~ f ~it icean, be conclude that the sea buckthorn seeds are valuable resourse containing respectable amount of valuable proteins. Qn the other hand, seeds are undamageble during technological procedure and, therefore further precessing as raw material is advisable.
Argali Ecology in Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve:Preliminary Findings
Authors:   Denver Zoo, 2300 Steele St., Denver, CO 80205, USA e-mail: rreading@denverzoo.org, P. Reading Richard , Amgalanbaatar Sukhiin ,   Argali Wildlife Research Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Kenny David , Onon Yo. ,   Denver Zoo, 2300 Steele St., Denver, CO 80205, USA e-mail: rreading@denverzoo.org, Namshir Z. ,   Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia, DeNicola Anthony ,   White Buffalo, Inc., 26 Davison Road Moodus, CT 06469, USA
Published: January 2017

Little is known about the ecology of argali (Ovis ammon), a species listed as threatened in Mongoliaand internationally. We initiated research to better understand the species’ ecology and develop aconservation plan for the species. Here we report on preliminary finding from a radio telemetry study ofargali ecology. We captured and radio collared 22 argali, using drive nets, lamb captures, and dartingfrom 2000-2003. Eight collared animals have died: 2 due to capture techniques, 4 from predation, 1 fromstarvation and exposure, and 1 of unknown (not predation) causes. We collected 633 locations on the 22argali through September 2003, but acquired sufficient data for analyses for only 12 animals thus far.Animals primarily restricted their movements to the northern portion of Ikh Nartyn Chuluu Nature Reserve,and have not exhibited seasonal movement patterns. Mean home ranges were 47.46 ±4.21 km2 (Range =29.96 – 75.00 km2) using the 100% minimum convex polygon method, with smaller areas of predictedoccurrence (62.03 ±4.84 km2 for 95% kernel, 23.76 ±3.96 km2 for 75% kernel and 9.36 ±1.61 km2 for50% kernel home ranges). Predation by domestic dogs, previously unrecorded was an important earlyfinding of our work
Time–series Satellite Data Analysis for Assessment of Vegetation Cover in Mongolia
Authors:   Environ LLC., Bayanzurkh district, XII Micro-district,Bldg.1-11, Ulaanbaatar, Mongoliae-mail: Erdes@environ.mn, Erdenesaikhan Naidansuren
Published: January 2017

Vegetation cover and its dynamics and trends are of interest for many: starting from herders, cropfarmers and wildlife managers to decision makers, planners and wide profile of scientists. Discussedhere is an attempt to assess the vegetation temporal dynamics using time series NOAA satellite 1 km datathat cover the territory of Mongolia in the period of 1989 – 2002. Normalized Differences VegetationIndex (NDVI) and Departure from Average methods were employed to assess the vegetation cover statusand its changes and trends over 14 years. The author has used raw data from the NOAA satellite activearchive for this study and processed through Erdas Imagine and ArcGIS software packages. This studycan be useful tool for land, pasture, wildlife managers and others interested in vegetation cover changesover vast areas of Mongolia and valuable in case where lack of vegetation data
Altai argali (Ovis ammon ammon) Surveys in Siilkhemiin Nuruu NationalPark of Mongolia
Authors:   nternational Resource Management Program, School of Forestry & Conservation, The University ofMontana, Missoula, Montana, USA e-mail: ryanmaroney@fastmail.fm, L. Maroney Ryan , Davkharbaya D. ,   Wildlife Biologist, Mongol Altai Nuruu Special Protected Areas Administration, Olgii, Bayan-Olgii,
Published: January 2017

A preliminary survey of argali distribution and population structure in Siilkhemiin Nuruu NationalPark from November 22-25, 2001, documented 238 argali in 12 distinct groups over four observationdays. Of the 225 argali characterized, 29 adult males, 138 adult females, and 58 lambs were recorded.Mean group size was 20.0 (range 1-119, s.d. 34.0), with a lamb to female ratio of 42:100, and male tofemale ratio of 21:100. Additionally, important winter forage areas were delineated for planning futureargali management efforts within the park. Increased cooperation between Mongolian and Russiangovernments and protected area administrations is necessary for the creation of more detailed monitoringand management programs for the transboundary argali populations of the Sailugem and Chikhachevamountains
Report on the Mongolian Dendroecological Study Week
Authors:   Department of Forestry, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Baatarbileg Nachin , C. Jacoby Gordon ,   Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9 W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA, Batchuluun Tseveen ,   Department of Forestry, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Byambagerel Suran ,   Department of Forestry, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Dav Nicole ,   Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, 61 Route 9 W, Palisades, New York 10964, USA
Published: January 2017

Following the Mongolian Dendrochronologicalfield study week in Gunt in 2000 a secondMongolian Dendroecological field study week washeld in Terelj, June 2003. Both study weeks wereorganized and sponsored by the Department ofForestry, National University of Mongolia (NUM)and the Tree Ring Laboratory, Lamont DohertyEarth Observatory (LDEO) at ColumbiaUniversity, USA and the Mongolian-AmericanTree-Ring Project (MATRIP).
A Study to Detect CAM Plants in Mongolia
Authors:   Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Oyungerel Shagjjav , Tsendeekhuu Tsagaanbandi ,   Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia, Tserenkhand Gundsambuu ,   Botany Institute, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Published: January 2017

In order to discover CAM plants from the Mongolian flora, four species, Orostachys spinosa (L.) C.A. Mey., O. malacophylla (Pall.) Fisch., O. thyrsiflora Fisch. and Sedum aizoon L. of Crassulaceae D.C.family were examined in terms of their leaf anatomy, photosynthesis and transpiration intensity for a 24-hour cycle. Photosynthesis by these plants has been studied using isotope-discriminate analysis (δ13C)and a special method for CAM. Transpiration was measured by the weight-method and leaf anatomy andstomatal movement by microscopy. 13C/12C value of Orostachys spinosa, O. thyrsiflora C4-like (-13.44%ο,-18.10%ο), O. malacophylla, Sedum aizoon C3-like (-25.03%ο,-26.32%ο). CAM plant characters areclearly discovered in two species Orostachys spinosa and O. malacophylla. Although differences in theacidity value cycle of Sedum aizoon in terms of a 24-hour cycle was similar to the previous two plants,stomatal movement was commonly closed during night and day showing that we need to conduct morefuture studies for this species. Orostachys thyrsiflora does not have CAM photosynthetic response.
Hydrochemical Characteristics of Selenge River and its Tributaries on theTerritory of Mongolia
Authors:   Baikal Institute of Nature Management of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude,, J.G. Bazarova , S.G Dorzhieva ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude,, B.G Bazarov ,   Baikal Institute of Nature Management of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude,, D.D. Barkhutova ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, E-mail: bair_n@mail.ru, O.P Dagurova ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, E-mail: bair_n@mail.ru, B.B. Namsaraev ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, E-mail: bair_n@mail.ru, S.O. Zhargalova ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, E-mail: bair_n@mail.ru
Published: January 2017

Hydrochemical research of the Selenge and its main tributary the Orkhon river on the territory ofMongolia has been conducted. Concentrations of the main water ions were measured. Distribution ofheavy metals was determined. Dynamics of biogenic elements (NO3-, NH4+, phosphates) and degree ofphenol pollution was determined
MODELAGEM PARAMÉTRICA E OS LIMITES DOS MECANISMOS TRADICIONAIS DE REGULAÇÃO DA FORMA URBANA
Authors: Costa Lima Mariana Quezado , Sampaio Freitas Clarissa Figueiredo
Published: January 2017

Propõe-se aqui refletir sobre o planejamento urbano tradicional e estanque que usa as normas como instrumento de proteção da valorização imobiliária, favorecido pela ausência de visualização das repercussões dos parâmetros legais na forma urbana. Diante desse problema, evidencia-se a necessidade de produção de dados e visualização de cenários para informar decisões a respeito dos instrumentos de regulação urbana. Busca-se apresentar um método alternativo de definição de indicadores urbanísticos, baseado em uma metodologia paramétrica e na matriz de indicadores de Berghauser Pont e Haupt (2009) para discutir o adensamento de um bairro central de Fortaleza. Como ferramenta para efetivação desse método, optamos pelo Esri CityEngineTM, um software de modelagem geométrica especializado na geração de ambientes urbanos a partir de um conjunto de regras pré-definido. O estudo evidencia a importância da visualização dos parâmetros para relacionar objetivos de adensamento - presentes frequentemente nos planos urbanos - com a forma urbana resultante, confirmando portanto as limitações inerentes aos métodos tradicionais de definição de indicadores urbanos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE | forma urbana, regulação urbana, modelagem paramétrica, densidade urbana.
«The Last Ally»: Russian-Belarusian Relations at the Present Stage
Authors: Nemensky O. B.
Published: January 2017

The article is devoted to relations between Belarus and Russia today. A survey of the history of relations between the two countries over the past 10-15 years, the formation of the modern ideology of the Belarusian foreign policy. aspect of economic relations between the two countries and internal political discussions in Belarus ’s foreign policy in the East. Particular attention is paid to the project of the Union State of Russia and Belarus, the problems of the participation of the Republic of Belarus in integration projects with Russia.
Russian Military Opportunities in the Context of Ukrainian Crisis
Authors: Krivopalov A. A.
Published: January 2017

The crisis in the Ukraine not only has maximally escalated the relations among Russia, Europe and the USA but also brought Moscow to the brink of direct military conflict with Kiev. In the context of the civil war outbroken in the Ukraine an opportunity to confirm its demands in the sphere of foreign policy by open force is vital for Russia. However, the nature of two level Ukrainian conflict is such that a direct military confrontation is still possible either between Novorossiya and Ukraine or between Ukraine and Russia if the latter makes a decision to support Donbass at a critical moment. But a conflict is impossible between Russia and NATO because an outbreak of an open war will be prevented by the existing strategic nuclear balance. The presence of a nuclear factor makes military demonstration the most rigid form for confirmation of the demands in the sphere of foreign policy by the conflicting parties. Its most possible scenario is a frontal extension of the Russian ground forces deployed on the Ukrainian border to the west even to the Dnieper line and the border with the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic in the Black Sea region. The article sequentially discusses the he strengths and weaknesses of the group of Russian troops on the Ukrainian border, then - the opportunities of the USA and NATO to organize an air bridge to disrupt a possible a possible extension of the Russian troops to the west. The author makes a conclusion that the first units of the rapid deployment forces could arrive to the area near Kiev not earlier than 10-15 hours. Full deployment of the US expeditionary brigade may take from 14 to 18 days. Such a period seems to be excessive. Two-week cushion of time will allow the Russian military to perform all the tasks in the Levoberezhnaya (leftbank) Ukraine while the US troops at the best case will manage to protect the Ukrainian capital. In the nearest time, NATO will tackle obvious difficulties in all the issues related to the projection of force to the South East of the Ukraine. However, in the future in the course of the development of military infrastructure and accumulation of forces this advantage of Russia will be decreasing.
25 Years of the Baltic States Independence: from the Soviet to the European Union
Authors: Vorotnikov V. V.
Published: January 2017

As soon as the Baltic states gained independence in 1991, they targeted, in terms of domestic and foreign relations’ development, reorientation to the West and integration into Euro-Atlantic structures. Whereas NATO (under leadership of the United States) is regarded as the “cornerstone” of their security, the European Union (EU) is viewed as a source of financial assistance and the guarantor of economic stability. The article presents an overview of the transformation processes in the Baltic countries in the past two and a half decades, and the practical component of their membership in the EU is offered in detail. Comparative analysis of the political and socio-economic Baltic transit shows the similarity of their development trajectories. However, the positive effect, which joining the EU brought about, is eclipsed by the social and economic costs that resulted from the tough neo-liberal reforms that were required. Despite the rejection of the role of geopolitical and geo-economic “bridge” between Russia and the West, the Russian factor continues to play a primary role in the political processes and foreign policies of these countries, while at the same time the Baltic states themselves prefer not to call themselves post-Soviet. Confrontational position that the Baltic states undertook in relation to Russia, is determined by political and ideological factors and has long-term destructive impact not only on the bilateral dialogue, but also on relations between Russia and the European Union.
Soil Evaluation Methods for Calcium for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production in the Coastal Plain
Authors: Yang Rui , Howe Julie. A. , Balkcom Kris B.
Published: January 2017

Successful peanut production requires adequate Ca in the pegging zone. Soil testing for Ca based on pegging zone samples provides scientific basis for Ca supplementation for peanut, but concerns regarding inaccuracy of certain soil testing methods have been brought up by previous studies; therefore, reevaluation of routine soil testing methods for Ca on pegging zone samples is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate relationships and predictability of four major soil tests including Mehlich 1 (M1), Mehlich 3 (M3), 1 N neutral ammonium acetate (AA), and 0.01 M sodium nitrate (SN) for Ca, K, and Mg for peanut production in Coastal Plain soils common in the major peanut producing regions of the Southeast. Results showed that the four tests extracted varied amount of Ca, K, and Mg from soil. Soil treatments that included an addition of gypsum or lime reduced availability of soil K and Mg. Correlations were strong among soil K and Mg determined using M1 and M3, but the relationship was weak between M1 and SN. Application of gypsum shortly before soil sampling had minimal effect on correlations among the four tests; however, application of lime led to weaker correlations. In unamended or gypsum-treated soils, M1 is an adequate index of soil available Ca for peanut. The M1 test may overestimate soil available Ca if soil is recently limed; therefore, any of the other three soil tests may be used in such cases. The AA test for Ca had the best relationships to peanut yield, grade, and seed Ca concentration, followed by M1.
Synthesis of New Substituted 5-amino-8H-phthalazino[1,2-b]quinazolin-8-one Derivatives
Authors: Liu Ju , Hao Xue-Chen , Chen Ye , Ding Shi , Liu Hong-Sheng , Wang Dan
Published: January 2017

A series of novel substituted 5-amino-8 H-phthalazino[1,2- b]quinazolin-8-one derivatives synthesised by condensation of different amines with 5-chloro-8 H-phthalazino[1,2- b]quinazolin-8-one, which was prepared from methyl 2-aminobenzoate by condensation with hydrazine hydrate and then cyclisation with a phthalic anhydride in N,N-dimethylacetamide at refluxing condition. The intermediate and target compounds were obtained in good yields and were easily purified by filtration or recrystallisation.
Cu(NO3)2-catalysed Direct Synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from Alcohols or Aldehydes
Authors: Tao Chuanzhou , Wang Bin , Sun Lei , Yi Jiuyin , Shi Dahua , Wang Jian , Liu Weiwei
Published: January 2017

A simple, convenient and practical protocol to synthesise 5-substituted 1 H-tetrazoles from alcohols or aldehydes is reported. Using ammonia and sodium azide as nitrogen sources and Cu(NO3)2 as catalyst, benzylic alcohols and benzaldehydes were directly converted into 5-substituted 1 H-tetrazoles in a one-pot procedure.
Biomimetic Geometry Approach to Generative Design
Authors: Čučaković Aleksandar , Jovic Biljana , Komnenov Mirjana
Published: January 2017

This paper provides an initial exploration of natural formsstreamed into geometric patterns, providing a basis for furtherresearch that may find use in generative architectural design.The development of interest in geometric forms encountered innature, and their implementation in design solutions, is expandingwith the help of modern computer technology that has enabledthe use of generative models. The biomimetic approachsets new standards in generative design. Through the form ofthe flower, which was singled out as an example, all the qualitiesderived from these connections, and the primarily aestheticimpression based on harmony and perfect proportions of elements,following the stability, strength and power of this form,can be clearly observed.Within the research, the study was based on the geometry ofthe flower species Ramonda nathaliae P. et P., an endemic specieswith restricted distribution in Serbia, by using parametricmodelling methods and experimental designs displayed on theDVD (duplicate along curve) and the use of Voronoi diagrams.
Intelligent Making and Robotic Structure
Authors: Gao Yan , Guo Xin , Leung Victor
Published: January 2017

This article proposes a more design-orientated making process with the emerging robotic technologies through the “Intelligent Wave Project” (IWP).This research project went through three stages including physical experimentation, computational simulation, and the design & making of a robotic installation. The research process synthesises abstract geometries, Complex System Theory, 3D Print, and automatic control through computational protocols. The core objective of the IWP is to achieve a self-supporting surface mass from a simple rule-based component system that transforms its shape. The breakthrough of this robotic installation is that the identical cells that are repeatedly connected under the reciprocal frame principles and the triangulated geometry constraints are capable of generating emerging global reconfigurations of both the spatial structure and the intricate geometric pattern. The surface responds to different external forces accordingly, i.e. the location, the intensity and the sequence of the force. Such behaviour is scripted into the digital modelling before the realisation of the final programed structure. Instead of using dynamic pistons, the transformation is achieved through local sliding and rotating in particular sequences; these trigger the global surface transformation into either concave or convex. This article also compares the above research project with the concurrent experiments of robotic applications in architectural research. It embraces design intelligence for a more holistic perspective in order to explore the meaningful and applicable design opportunities for the future of architectural robotics.
Thermal Models for Box Type Windows: Part 2
Authors: Bakonyi Dániel , Dobszay Gergely
Published: January 2017

As the literature does not contain enough measurement data to create dedicated correlations for the Nusselt number and convective heat transfer inside box type windows, CFD simulations are performed to study the type of natural convection in such windows. Validation is attempted with the help of the turbulence benchmark of Betts and Bokhari (2000) and comparison with other simulations found in the literature. The k-ω SST model of Menter (1994) is selected to perform a wide range study of the cavity aspect ratios and Rayleigh numbers expected in box windows, enabling an analysis of the types of convections encountered. A new correlation is introduced to calculate the convective heat transfer, and finally, the study is augmented to investigate the effects the temperature stratification has on critical glazing surface temperatures.
The educational potential of social economy projects in the Himalayas: the case of Avani
Authors: Berghmans Mieke , Sambhavi V.P.J. , Vandenabeele Joke
Published: January 2017

In this article we analyze the social economy projects of Avani – a Community Based Organization based in Himalayas and reflect on their potential for enabling a critical pedagogy of place. We use the concept of tactics in a spatial and educational sense to explore Avani’s projects as an intervention within the dominant place logic of capitalism that opens market opportunities and enables new experiences of living and being for hill communities. We argue that these experiences are educational since they invoke, what we want to call, the possibility to verify one’s equality and one’s ability to do something. Our study is based on an ethnographic case approach and combines literature review, staff interviews and documents of Avani along with sensitizing concepts to guide our analysis.
INVESTIGATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF FLEXOPRAPHIC PRINTS ON PVC AND PET FILMS / FLEKSOGRAFINIŲ ATSPAUDŲ ANT PVC IR PET PLĖVELIŲ OPTINIŲ SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Valauskaitė Jana , Stonkus Rimantas
Published: January 2017

An optical properties of the flexographic prints on the shrink sleeve has been experimentally investigated. Two main materials of shrink sleeve: PVC and PET were used for the research. Films were printed using UV flexographic inks. The color changes arised during shrinking of the films were analysed. Investigations were done using CMYK and PANTONE color matching systems. Color characteristics CIE L*a*b* and color difference DE at different shrink level of the film was estimated. It was found that colors become darker during the shrinking of the film. In the case of rasterize image it is related to the deformation of the raster dots, decrease of the spaces between the raster dots and other factors. The biggest changes in the CMYK color system was determined in the Yellow color, while in the tested PANTONE color system – in the blue (P 290) color. The smallest changes in the CMYK color system was determined in the Cyan color, while in the PANTONE color system – in the white color.
Eksperimentiškai ištirtos fleksografiniu spaudos būdu atspausdintų atspaudų ant susitraukiančių plėvelių optinės savybės. Tyrimui naudotos dvi pagrindinės susitraukiančioms plėvelėms naudojamos medžiagos: PVC ir PET, užspausdintos ultravioletiniais (UV) dažais. Išnagrinėti spalviniai pokyčiai, atsirandantys plėvelei besitraukiant. Tyrimai atlikti su CMYK ir PANTONE sistemų spalvomis. Nustatytos spalvinės charakteristikos CIE L*a*b* ir spalvų skirtumas DE, plėvelei susitraukiant skirtingai. Nustatyta, kad, plėvelėms besitraukiant, spalvos tamsėja. Rastruotuose vaizduose tai susiję su rastrinių taškelių deformacija, tarpų tarp rastrinių taškelių sumažėjimu ir kitais veiksniais. Didžiausi spalviniai pokyčiai CMYK spalvinėje sistemoje nustatyti Yellow (geltonoje) spalvoje, o tarp tirtų PANTONE sistemos spalvų – mėlynoje (P 290) spalvoje, mažiausi pokyčiai CMYK sistemoje nustatyti Cyan spalvoje, o PANTONE sistemoje – baltoje spalvoje.
INVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF BROWN’S (HHO) GAS GENERATOR / BRAUNO (HHO) DUJŲ GENERATORIAUS NAŠUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Brazdžiūnas Andrius , Tetsman Ina , Maskeliūnas Rimas
Published: January 2017

There were made tests of productivity of Brown’s gas generator using different potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration changing voltage and amperage. It is described experimental stand that is used to do researches and methodology of experiments performance. Brown’s gas production in electrolyser (electrolyser – the device that is going electrolysis) to use stainless steel (AISI 316) electrodes. It was determined after researches that increasing the potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration in the solution and using the same amperage and voltage of the all concentration results are similar. The highest productivity 1.429 l/min was obtained by using a 120 A amperage and 15 V voltage Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Brauno dujų (HHO) generatoriaus veikimo principai ir atlikti eksperimentiniai tyrimai. Tyrimais nustatytos Brauno dujų generatoriaus našumo priklausomybės esant elektrolito 0,5 %, 2 %, 8 %, 16 % ir 36 % kalio hidroksido (KOH) koncentracijoms, keičiant elektros srovės stiprį ir įtampą. Brauno dujų gamybai naudoti nerūdijančiojo plieno elektrodai AISI 316. Eksperimentinių tyrimų metu srovės stipris svyravo nuo 20 iki 120 A, o įtampa – nuo 4 iki 72 V. Atlikus rezultatų analizę, nustatyta, kad, naudojant 0,5 % kalio hidroksido (KOH) koncentraciją, 120 A elektros srovės stiprį bei 15 V įtampą, gaunamas didžiausias Brauno dujų generatoriaus našumas – 1,429 l/min. Norint sumažinti HHO dujų generatoriaus energijos sąnaudas, optimalus variantas – naudoti 80 A elektros srovės stiprį ir 11 V įtampą.
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF EJECTOR COOLER / EŽEKTORINIO AUŠINTUVO EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAS
Authors: Ališauskas Vytautas , Viselga Gintas , Viselgaitė Gintarė
Published: January 2017

In this article the review of ejection coolers’ constructions and operation principles is presented. The ejection cooler’s with diffe-rent separators work efficiency reates’ dependence from confusor inlet opening’s angle and the cooled water’s temperature is exa-mined.
Pateikiama ežektorinių aušintuvų konstrukcijų ir veikimo principų apžvalga. Tiriama ežektorinio aušintuvo su skirtingais separatoriais darbo efektyvumo rodiklių priklausomybė nuo konfuzoriaus įėjimo angos kampo ir aušinamo vandens temperatūros.
Libérer la terre ! Une Europe des réformes agraires (vers 1750-1850) ?
Authors: Jessenne Jean-Pierre , Vivier Nadine
Published: January 2017

L’économie politique en plein essor dans l’Europe de la deuxième moitié du XVIII e siècle incite à libérer la propriété des terres et leur exploitation. Elle engendre débats et mesures, à la fois dispersées et étonnamment convergentes, dans le but de résoudre les principaux problèmes (emprise seigneuriale, pratiques collectives, restrictions à l’initiative individuelle). Les États sont impliqués, par leurs décisions et leur gestion des mobilisations sociales induites. Devant les contestations, certains pays continuent les réformes tandis que d’autres les arrêtent. En France, les contradictions aboutissent à une révolution qui est aussi agraire. Elle conduit à l’abolition complète du système seigneurial et à des lois dont l’ambition de promotion de la petite propriété et de l’exploitation paysanne est nouvelle. Les applications sont demeurées incertaines tout en contribuant à une voie paysanne française originale. La plupart des autres États au XIX e siècle poursuivent ces réformes, avec des intentions et des résultats fort divers. Ceux-ci dépendent toujours de leur acceptabilité par la société. En définitive, il n’est guère de réformes affectant en même temps toutes les composantes des sociétés rurales concernées. Pourtant, les effets cumulatifs des mesures aboutissent à la liquidation progressive de la féodalité et à la généralisation de la libre entreprise individuelle dans l’Europe du XIX e siècle. Ils ouvrent aussi des perspectives politiques et sociales nouvelles, centrées sur la répartition des terres et la liberté.
Les réformes agraires postcoloniales au Maghreb : un processus inachevé
Authors: Bessaoud Omar
Published: January 2017

L’article aborde la problématique des réformes agraires au Maghreb, leurs énoncés et les actions mises en œuvre en lien avec l’histoire agraire coloniale de ces pays. Après avoir rappelé l’héritage de la colonisation agraire, il évoque les initiatives prises pour résoudre la question du dualisme agraire au cours de la période coloniale. En retraçant les contextes qui prévalent dans chacun des pays ainsi que les choix stratégiques, l’étude examine les contenus et les objectifs des réformes agraires conduites dès le lendemain des indépendances. Elle décrit les processus engagés, les étapes ainsi que les résultats provisoires enregistrés. Elle tente enfin une analyse des principales raisons à l’origine des échecs de ces réformes en mettant l’accent sur les processus de dépaysannisation, les systèmes d’alliance sociale et les changements socio-économiques induits par la mise en œuvre des premiers plans de développement. Ces causes ont conduit à la rupture des coalitions politiques en faveur des réformes. L’article analyse enfin comment les renoncements observés dans tous les pays sur cette question agraire ont conduit les pouvoirs en place à faire un pari politique en faveur d’une modernisation promue par une classe de paysans aisés, d’entrepreneurs ruraux ou de nouvelles élites économiques d’origine urbaine et rurale.
Comparison of E-Learning Personalization Systems: Protus and PLeMSys
Authors: Blazheska-Tabakovska Natasha , Ivanovic Mirjana , Klasnja-Milicevic Aleksandra , Ivkovic Jovana
Published: January 2017

E-learning is becoming more and more important in contemporary education. It allows learners to learn at their own pace, when their schedule permits it. However, learners have individual needs and disparate traits such as learning styles, knowledge levels, motivation and cognitive abilities. So, a need for personalized learning has been made clear. Two ways of personalized learning are discussed in this paper: the first is Protus 2.1. - a tutoring system that allows personalization based on learning styles and collaborative tagging and the second one is PLeMSys - a model of a Moodle plug-in where personalization is based on learning styles and knowledge level.
A Constructivism-based 3D Scene Display Teaching System for Wushu Teaching
Authors: Jin Zhengmei
Published: January 2017

With the introduction of the teaching theory of constructivism and the development of virtual 3D technology, multimedia courseware production is required to enhance the authenticity of teaching situation, expand the interaction of teaching courseware, and carry out 3D network teaching. This paper designed a constructivism-based 3D scene display teaching system. By using ASP.NET and WEB3D as the core technologies and combining SQL SERVER technology, this system can run on the Internet in the form of web pages, demonstrate and store teaching courseware, and show great advantages in human-computer interaction, three-dimensional display and advanced teaching. In specific discussion, the paper elaborated the demand of designing the system, relevant function modules and the implementation process. It has been proven that the constructivism-based 3D scene display teaching system for Wushu education has a remarkable effect on improving students’ examination results and expanding their innovation ability.