bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la maison longue à la maison courte : les femmes minangkabau et la modernisation
Authors: Pak Ok-Kyung
Published: April 2023

On constate dans maints pays du Tiers-Monde que les femmes font les frais de la modernisation. Le cas des Minangkabau confirme cette observation. L’étude des Minangkabau est particulièrement intéressant pour deux raisons : 1) les femmes minangkabau ont choisi la modernisation de leur propre gré. Cette intervention du libre arbitre des agents dans la modernisation est rarement signalée ; 2) les femmes minangkabau avaient un pouvoir socio-économique presque inégalé au monde avant la modernisation. L’article démonte le processus de la modernisation chez les Minangkabau. L’auteur analyse notamment la transformation du mode de résidence, illustrée par la disparition des « maisons longues » et l’apparition des « maisons courtes ».
La question foncière en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Winslow Donna
Published: April 2023

Quand la Nouvelle-Calédonie fut annexée par la France en 1853, le développement de la colonie devint dépendant de l′établissement des colons, de l′exploitation minière, de l′élevage et de la mise en place d′une colonie pénitentiaire. L′expropriation de grandes étendues de territoire kanak était nécessaire à ces activités et tout au long de l′histoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la terre a été au coeur du conflit entre les colons et les Kanaks. L′instauration de rapports marchands dans les relations sociales, la mise en culture de plantes commercialisées, l′extension de la consommation d′espace et les effets de la sédentarisation menèrent à un nouveau type de rapports à la terre. La notion de terre est maintenant devenue un symbole politique important puisque l′on négocie avec le pouvoir colonial pour en récupérer une partie et dans le cas de l′indépendance la totalité. En Nouvelle-Calédonie elle est devenue un lieu de contestation autant entre Kanaks et autres communautés ethniques du territoire qu′entre Kanaks eux-mêmes. Au début les Kanaks réclamèrent leurs terres ancestrales, puis la revendication prit un contenu plus politique et nationaliste : elle exigea la réappropriation de toute la terre kanake. Peu à peu, cette volonté de contrôler l′espace exprima la revendication directement politique du « territoire national », de la nation en formation.
Partnerships in Developing Cultural Resources: Lessons From the Task Force on Museums and First Peoples
Authors: Nicks Trudy
Published: April 2023

In 1992 the Task Force on Museums and First Peoples, which was co-sponsored by the Assembly of First Nations and the Canadian Museums Association, published a report which examined outstanding issues between Canadian museums and native peoples and made recommendations for resolving these issues within collaborative partnerships. This paper outlines the background to the Task Force report and discusses its implications for museum anthropology with specific reference to the traditional activities of research, collecting, interpretation and advocacy.
Clean Jobs, Dirty Jobs: Ethnicity, Social Reproduction and Gendered Identity
Authors: Giles Wenona
Published: April 2023

Issues of ethnic identity, gender and politics intersect for two generations of Portuguese women in Toronto. In this article I use a ’social reproduction’ approach to analyze the meaning of exploitation for these women. The co-existence of both resistance to the dominant hegemonic culture and appropriation of nativistic notions of progress among the two generations of women are examined. The use of the words ’clean’ and ’dirty’ as they pertain to wage work and issues of status and ethnic identity are explored.
De la rareté des formes simples des pronoms disjoints du pluriel dans le français parlé à Montréal
Authors: Blondeau Hélène
Published: April 2023

Cette étude qui porte sur un aspect du système des
pronoms en français analyse la variation entre les formes simples
et composées des pronoms personnels disjoints dans la
communauté linguistique de Montréal. Les résultats présentés
indiquent une nette tendance à favoriser les formes composées
et ce, dans les deux contextes étudiés, soit les cas où le
pronom disjoint apparaît en concomitance avec un élément
clitique et ceux où le pronom disjoint se retrouve seul.
L’analyse de la variation montre quels sont les facteurs, tant
linguistiques, stylistiques que sociaux, qui conditionnent
l’adoption des formes simples. A la lumière de ces résultats, la
rareté des formes simples est discutée.
Cognition, Meaning and Kinship: Connectionist Models of Cultural Representation
Authors: H. McKellin William
Published: April 2023

Traditional anthropological models of kinship employ rule-based classical semantics to account for the meanings of kinship, clanship and the attribution of kin terms. This article uses cognitively-based, prototype semantics and distributed, sub-symbolic representations to explore the meanings of kinship relations among the Managalase of Papua New Guinea.
Invisible Labour, Transnational Lives: Gendered Work and New Social Fields in Coastal Philippines
Authors: Barber Pauline Gardiner
Published: April 2023

Feminist research on gender relations in fishing communities has established that through a narrowing of focus upon maritime pursuits, the coast is masculinized and men’s lives are privileged over women’s. The invisibility of women’s labour in coastal communities becomes particularly acute in situations where the labour is performed somewhere else, as is the case here. This comparison of gendered work practices and ideologies in some Philippines coastal households reveals that women’s work is crucial to the reproduction of fisheries sectors. But more than this, most coastal households are not sustained primarily through the fishery, nor through the labour of a male breadwinner. Nonetheless, local gender ideologies overstate men’s contributions to livelihood and understate the economic and social significance of women’s work: productive and reproductive; local and extra-local. Increasingly, the exporting of women’s labour "in service" is both a means of household livelihood and ironically, a strategy for servicing the national debt. Gendered class and cultural affinities are now articulated through transnational social fields creating new forms of consciousness and possibilities for political expression.
Korean Management, Corporate Culture, and Systems of Labour Control Between South Korea and North America
Authors: Teal Gregory
Published: April 2023

This paper is an attempt at synthesizing an empirical and a theoretical critique of the cultural model of industrial organization, by focussing on Korean industrial organization and industrial relations in Korea, and on a large Korean industrial organization that was based in Quebec. As a counter weight to the cultural argument, the paper shows that mechanisms established to socially integrate workers into the organization in Korea are weak, and that management has had to rely instead on authoritarianism and on the State to ensure worker compliance. The paper then presents and discusses the social organization of a Korean industrial transplant; while there was a managerial discourse of participation and diffusion of power, the gap between this discourse and the real diffusion of power was such that a sizable minority of employees did not comply with managerial objectives.
Our "Event-Full" World... the Challenge to an Anthropologist
Authors: Paine Robert
Published: April 2023

This article makes a case for "event anthropology" in today’s world. "Event" is distinguished from "happening" and the characteristics of the world in which anthropology is situated today are delineated; the essay then turns to illustrative case-histories in Norway and Israel. These highlight the increasing frequency of "under"-understood events and associated senses of powerlessness on the one hand, and on the other, the place ofinventionin the conditions of contemporary modernity - not just in response to events but also in their making. Attention is paid to the crumbling of group solidarity as an anthropological axiom.
L’imagerie féminine du paléolithique : Étude des figurines de Grimaldi
Authors: Bisson Michel , White Randall
Published: April 2023

Cet article présente une description et une analyse des
quinze statuettes paléolithiques de la collection Grimaldi.
Dans la première partie de leur article, les auteurs évaluent les
différentes hypothèses qui ont été proposées pour expliquer la
signification des figurines féminines du Paléolithique. Dans la
seconde partie de leur texte, ils s’attachent à trouver une explication
qui prendrait en compte le contexte culturel de fabrication,
d’utilisation et de disposition de ces figurines. À la
lumière d’analogies ethnographiques, les auteurs suggèrent
que les statuettes ont peut-être été utilisées individuellement
par des femmes pour s’assurer de la bonne marche de leur
grossesse et pour permettre que la naissance de leur enfant se
passe bien.
Machines et imaginaires musicaux (1900–1950)
Authors: Lazzaro Federico , Moore Christopher
Published: April 2023

Le dossier Machines et imaginaires musicaux (1900–1950) / Machines and the Musical Imagination (1900–1950) conçoit une réflexion autour de trois axes sur les rapports entre la musique et les machines au début du XXe siècle : 1) la spécificité de cette époque dans l’histoire de la représentation des machines en musique; 2) les topoï de cette transposition; 3) la complexité des interactions entre machines, musique et société.
La bibliothèque du compositeur : Vincent d’Indy, ses lectures épiques et « l’épopée musicale »
Authors: de Montpellier d’Annevoie Mélanie
Published: April 2023

Les bibliothèques de compositeurs, comme ensembles de textes, n’ont connu que peu d’investigations, entraînant alors un manque de reconnaissance de leurs valeurs intellectuelle et herméneutique en musicologie. Or, depuis le XIXe siècle, à la suite du développement de la musicologie et de l’appropriation de la critique musicale par les musiciens, le compositeur n’est plus seulement artisan mais penseur de son art : il se fait intellectuel. L’examen de la bibliothèque de Vincent d’Indy (1851–1931), joint à celui de ses écrits, permet de préciser une dynamique intellectuelle propre à ce compositeur, et plus précisément de révéler la dimension épique primordiale à la bibliothèque qui se situe ainsi à l’origine d’une réflexion croisée sur l’épopée littéraire et ce que d’Indy nomme « l’épopée musicale ».
Littérature, musique et émotions : entre l’art des mots et l’art des sons. La mésomusique dans la prose fictionnelle d’Alfredo Bryce Echenique
Authors: André Nelly
Published: April 2023

Musique et littérature : une partition de mots. Mais, quelle est cette étrange alchimie qui se produit entre une mélodie et un texte ? Comment notes et mots parviennent-ils à danser ensemble ? L’idée de cet article est d’analyser l’influence de la musique dans des oeuvres littéraires, d’étudier la notion de musique non seulement comme élément créateur de sens, comme discours dramatique dans un texte littéraire, mais également comme puissant vecteur de sentiments. Et, lire les oeuvres de l’écrivain péruvien contemporain Alfredo Bryce Echenique, c’est rencontrer la musique derrière les mots, et dans les thèmes développés.
Dé/construire les notions de « race » et de « sexe » : le travail d’une précurseure1
Authors: Juteau Danielle
Published: April 2023

Jamais traduit jusqu’ici, ce texte de Danielle Juteau est initialement paru en anglais, en 1995, sous le titre « (Re)constructing the categories of “race” and “sex” : The work of a precursor ». Il s’agit d’un texte majeur qui offre une introduction analytique à la sociologie de Colette Guillaumin. Il en retrace minutieusement le cheminement tout en proposant un guide de lecture qui en contextualise la production et les contributions eu égard aux débats scientifiques d’alors, toujours d’actualité. En lui-même, ce texte constitue l’introduction à l’ouvrage de Colette Guillaumin, Racism, Sexism, Power, and Ideology. Critical studies in racism and migration, publié aux éditions Routledge ; un ouvrage qui fait date en ce qu’il permet au lectorat anglophone de découvrir le travail de Colette Guillaumin. Il rassemble alors ses textes produits sur une période de près de vingt ans. La présentation magistrale qu’en fait Danielle Juteau entérine le rôle d’ambassadrice des travaux de la sociologue qu’elle aura tenu pendant plus de quarante ans auprès d’un public américain et européen.
Un féminisme matérialiste décolonial est possible
Authors: Falquet Jules
Published: April 2023

Jules Falquet propose de lire ensemble la sociologue française Colette Guillaumin
et la philosophe argentine María Lugones, pour avancer dans l’élaboration d’une analyse
féministe matérialiste décoloniale. Après avoir résumé leurs analyses respectives du sexe et
de la race, Falquet souligne leurs convergences, notamment la commune profondeur historique
de leurs travaux, ancrés dans le processus de colonisation européenne de l’Amérique latine
et des Caraïbes, incluant la traite et l’esclavage, mais aussi leurs divergences sur les
logiques causales de la mise en place du système-monde capitaliste. Elle propose enfin une
image, les vases communicants, et un concept, la combinatoire straight, pour tenir
ensemble sexe, race et classe et revisiter l’histoire du développement du mode de production
capitaliste à partir de cette histoire coloniale.
LA VIOLENCE DES FEMMES JUDICIARISÉES
Authors: Ménabé Catherine
Published: April 2023

La violence des femmes est doublement exceptionnelle, car la violence est majoritairement le fait des hommes et les femmes sont principalement judiciarisées pour des infractions non violentes. Si les femmes ne recourent pas à la violence dans les mêmes proportions que les hommes, leurs actes de violence sont toutefois variés, des homicides et violences volontaires aux violences sexuelles. Cette réalité de la violence des femmes contraste pourtant avec la perception sociale de la violence et amène à questionner les frontières de genre. L’objet de cet article est dès lors de dresser un état des lieux de la violence féminine, dans sa réalité judiciaire et dans sa perception sociale.
LA CONSTRUCTION DU FÉMININ D’UNE ADOLESCENTE AUX PRISES AVEC LA VIOLENCE
Authors: Smaniotto Barbara , Guinard Maia , Camps François-David
Published: April 2023

La rencontre avec une adolescente enceinte, placée dans un cadre judiciaire pour des faits de viol en réunion, amène les auteurs de cet article à interroger les aléas de la construction du féminin. À partir d’une lecture psychanalytique, cette situation clinique témoigne des conflits et des impasses identificatoires dans lesquels peuvent être prises les jeunes filles privées de modèles maternel et paternel fiables. Ainsi, l’acte violent ou plutôt les actes de cette adolescente peuvent s’entendre comme des tentatives de construction maladroite et inachevée du féminin.
ATTITUDES DES PROFESSIONNELS ENVERS LE TROUBLE DE PERSONNALITÉ LIMITE : EFFETS DE LA FORMATION ET DIFFÉRENCES INDIVIDUELLES
Authors: Dakkak El Chami Chirine , Bouchard Sébastien
Published: April 2023

Cet article présente les effets d’une formation portant sur l’intervention auprès des TP sur les attitudes des professionnels de la santé mentale à l’endroit du TPL. Les participants ont rempli un questionnaire sociodémographique ainsi que l’Échelle d’attitudes à l’égard des personnes présentant un TPL (ÉA-TPL; Bouchard, 2001), une mesure québécoise qui jouit d’une validation factorielle préliminaire. Les résultats démontrent une amélioration au niveau du score global ainsi qu’aux deux facteurs, Perceptions positives et Aisance en interaction. La quantité supérieure d’heures de formation antérieure, la qualité meilleure de celle-ci, ainsi que le plus grand volume de clientèle présentant un TPL étaient associés à des attitudes plus positives chez les professionnels de la santé mentale avant la formation. Travailler dans un milieu qui n’offre pas nécessairement de services en santé mentale et avoir 40 ans ou plus étaient associés à une moindre susceptibilité au changement après l’atelier.
Aimer ses cheveux, s’aimer : une proposition radicale de Josépha Labbé. Femmes afro-caribéennes et esthétique capillaire dans le Paris des années 70
Authors: Hélénon Véronique
Published: April 2023

L’auteure propose une analyse critique de la démarche de la Martiniquaise Josépha Labbé-Jouffret dans le Paris des années 70, soulignant le caractère radical de son approche auprès des femmes antillaises d’alors. En proposant aux femmes de tout simplement aimer leur chevelure et de la porter naturelle, Josépha Labbé-Jouffret leur offrait une plateforme politique, visant à entamer une libération du poids du passé esclavagiste. Sa méthode s’ancrait dans l’humus antillais, et la pensée théorique de l’auteure s’appuie sur deux aphorismes : Tout Moun Sé Moun et Sé Dèyè Pawol Ki Ni Pawol. En effet, la mission de Josépha Labbé-Jouffret consistait à rétablir ses clientes dans leur dignité de moun par une démarche souple qui les accompagnait dans leur évolution.
Les enjeux associés à la réingénierie pédagogique obligée d’un tiers-lieu d’apprentissage de type formation clinique dans un programme universitaire professionnalisant
Authors: Therriault Pierre-Yves , Gagné-Trudel Sandrine , Tardif Lyne , Lacombe Marie-Ève
Published: April 2023

Dans le cadre d’une formation professionnalisante, faire vivre une expérience sur le terrain est perçu comme un dispositif allant de soi pour l’initiation à la pratique. En contexte de crise sanitaire, la non-disponibilité des milieux cliniques et l’implantation de mesures de santé et de sécurité contraignantes ont obligé à une réflexion sur un espace d’apprentissage de type stage. L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier des enjeux associés à la réingénierie d’un tiers-lieu d’apprentissage dans le cadre d’une activité universitaire. Dans le but de dégager ces enjeux, une analyse de matériel pédagogique a été réalisée. Les résultats montrent des enjeux relatifs à la gestion pédagogique même de l’activité ainsi qu’à l’uniformisation des ressources d’apprentissage proposées aux étudiants.
Gringoire et la foule : le bec à l’eau dans Notre-Dame de Paris
Authors: Roldan Sébastien
Published: April 2023

Véritable actant du récit, la foule des deux premiers livres de Notre-Dame de Paris a pour principale fonction de laisser Gringoire le bec à l’eau, littéralement. En étudiant la façon dont le texte de Victor Hugo instaure l’équivalence métaphorique (usitée) entre foule et eau, il devient possible de nuancer la perception que la critique hugolienne s’est faite des foules de ce grand roman parisien. Dès lors, on prend mieux la mesure des forces naturelles et culturelles déterminant le destin de ce poète qui, dans les cent premières pages de l’oeuvre, tient le haut du pavé sans cesser de dégringoler.
Mallarmé divague (au milieu de la foule)
Authors: Charest Nelson
Published: April 2023

En nous basant sur la distinction offerte par Christian Doumet entre la méditation et la divagation comme deux manières de penser en poésie, nous soulignons comment la seconde présente un caractère collectif qui manque à la première. Nous proposons donc de voir les Divagations mallarméennes comme des écrits qui s’intéressent à la collectivité, soit pour y participer, soit pour la décrire ou y donner un pendant critique. Ainsi la « foule » apparaît avec insistance dans ses poèmes en prose, surtout lorsqu’on les compare aux poèmes baudelairiens. Car contrairement à Baudelaire, Mallarmé tente de trouver, sinon un nombre, du moins un sens à la foule. Elle est associée au mouvement et à la marche, son caractère hasardeux et papillonnant en fait un objet de « divagation » privilégié. Face à la foule se trouvent le dialogue de l’entente réciproque, et surtout, le phénomène esthétique qui, s’installant sur les ruines de la religion, peut donner corps à la « multitude » et la sortir de la dispersion qui anime les foules.
Niveaux d’engagement de l’enfant dans ses interactions avec son enseignant·e et ses pairs selon les contextes de classe à l’éducation préscolaire 5 ans
Authors: Breton Nathalie , Bouchard Caroline , Henry Jeffrey
Published: April 2023

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les niveaux d’engagement des enfants envers l’enseignante et les pairs selon différents contextes de classe (activités et regroupements) à l’éducation préscolaire cinq ans. À l’aide de l’Individual Classroom Assessment Scoring System (Downer, Booren, et al., 2010), 113 enfants (66 filles et 47 garçons) ont été observés. Les résultats démontrent que l’engagement envers l’enseignante est plus élevé lors d’activités de routines et transitions et celui envers les pairs est plus élevé lors d’activités de jeux libres et ateliers et du regroupement petits groupes. Les contextes de classe modulent les niveaux d’engagement de l’enfant dans ses interactions avec les autres.
Digital technology in the early years: A reflection of the literature
Authors: Teichert Laura , Salman Munizah
Published: April 2023

Early childhood education is rooted in developmentally appropriate practice and play-based learning curricula. In the 21st century, practitioners experience tensions when they are unsure of how to navigate digital childhoods while being confronted with contradictory information. For instance, early learning frameworks recognize the need for children to develop digital literacy skills, yet pediatric societies recommend limiting screen time. Thus, practitioners are left without best practice guidelines that would help them embed technology into early learning environments through pedagogies that align with play-based learning. This review examines research to date on age-appropriate and playbased uses of digital technology that could more naturally fit in preschool and kindergarten classrooms while also highlighting the potential benefits of using tablets in early learning classrooms.
Letra: A Teacher Training Program Based on the Adoption of Different Roles
Authors: Colognesi Stéphane , Lucchini Silvia
Published: April 2023

This Note from the Field presents a teacher training program that seeks to support changes by the trained teachers in their own practice. Change in practice is made possible by the teachers’ assuming four successive roles in the training program: Learner, Engineer, Teacher / Observer, Reflective Analyst (LETRA). LETRA has been tested and tried and has shown promising results. The design of the program is presented in this text, step by step. The views of teacher participants are highlighted.
“It’s not personal, it’s strictly business”
Authors: Fox William
Published: April 2023

Historical documentation is combined with archaeological evidence to examine the trade activity of two enterprising individuals, Iroquet and Brulé, who were peripheral to the grande histoire of New France during the early-seventeenth century. This article considers their modus operandi as it relates to established Indigenous intertribal exchange practices.
How Do Neighbourhood and Working Environment Affect Green Commuting in China? A Resident Health Perspective
Authors: Chen Junlan , Du Hanshang , Zheng Meina , Guo Xiucheng
Published: April 2023

Commuting contributes to high levels of greenhouse gases and air pollution. The recently advocated ‘green commuting’, i.e. active and public modes of transport, will be conducive to low-carbon and environmentally friendly transport. A baseline goal of urban planning is to promote health; however, few studies have explored the health-related impacts of environments at both ends of the commute on residents’ commuting mode choices. To fill the gap, this study proposes to consider the impact of the neighbourhood and working environment on green commuting from a health perspective. Using a sample of 15,886 people from 368 communities in China, three generalised multilevel linear regression models were estimated. Physical and psychological health were combined to further analyse health-related environmental attributes on the commuting choices of residents with different health levels. The results indicate that the working environment exerts more substantial effects on ‘green commuting’ than the neighbourhood environment, especially for workplace satisfaction. Moreover, we found that a good working environment and relationships will significantly encourage the sub-healthy group to choose active commuting. These findings are beneficial for policymakers to consider focusing on reconciling neighbourhood and working environments and meeting the commuting requirements of the less healthy group.
Development of high performance PIN-silicon detector and its application in radioactive beam physical experiment
Authors: Chen Cui-Hong , Li Zhan-Kui , Wang Xiu-Hua , Li Rong-Hua , Fang Fang , Wang Zhu-Sheng , Li Hai-Xia ,   Nuclear Detector Group, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: April 2023

In view of the great demand for large-area silicon detectors in domestic nuclear physics experiments, a type of 300-μm-thick high-performance square silicon detector with a large active area of 50 mm×50 mm by using overprinting technology is developed in the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on this technology, SiO2 contamination caused by the photolithography and corrosion processes is effectively reduced. The detector has an excellent performance with a yield of up to 80%. Under –45 V (depletion voltage) bias, the leakage current of the detector is less than 40 nA. The detector is tested with a three-component α radioactive source. The energy resolution (σ) is about 45 keV for 5-MeV α particles. Used as an energy deposition(ΔE) detector, the detector performance is also tested for measuring reaction products of 250 MeV/u 11C radioactive beams impinging on a carbon target. The results show that the charge number resolution of a single silicon detector is 0.17 for the carbon isotope, which is similar to that measured with the same type of detectors available from the market. With the average deposition energy of three silicon detectors used, the charge number resolution for carbon isotope reaches a better value of 0.11. With this resolution, C and B isotopes are clearly distinguished, meeting the requirements for particle identification in intermediate- and high-energy radioactive beam experiments.
Design of a corporate financial crisis prediction model based on improved ABC-RNN+Bi-LSTM algorithm in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Zhao Yi
Published: April 2023

In the context of sustainable economic development, while economic globalization brings new vitality to the company, it also makes the company face an increasingly severe external environment. The managers have to shift their focus to capital market investment. The excessive pursuit of investment benefits can easily lead to decision-making errors, resulting in a financial crisis for the company, and even may be forced to delist in severe cases. This article proposes a financial crisis prediction model based on Artificial Bee Colony—recurrent neural network (ABC-RNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) company with a characteristic attention mechanism. We combined ABC-RNN with Bi-LSTM to extract more temporal feature vectors from financial data. Then we introduced a feature attention mechanism to extract better depth features from financial data; the ABC algorithm is introduced to optimize the weight and bias of RNN to improve the reasoning speed and accuracy. The experiment shows that the prediction accuracy and recall of the model on the test set have reached 88.94% and 88.23%, respectively, which has good prediction ability. The outcome of this research helps the company to prevent and deal with the financial crisis in time and promote the sustainable development of the market economy.
Determination of the optimal plant population and rapeseed genotype (Brassica napus L.) in western Iran
Authors:   Assistant. Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran., Zareei Siahbidi Asadolah , Asgari Ashkan ,   Assistant Professor, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the most suitable plant population and genotype of rapeseed at the Eslamabad-e-Gharb Research Station in western Iran during 2018-2020. The experiment was a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factors included four plant populations (20, 40, 60, and 80 plants m-2), and seven genotypes included four hybrids (Natalie, Rohan, Neptune, and Marathon) and three open-pollinated cultivars (Nafis, Nima, and Nilufar). The results show that the effect of the year was significant for all traits due to the difference in weather parameters over the two years of the experiment. ANOVA results shows that the effects of the plant population significantly affected plant height, the number of branches, the number of grains per pod, grain yield, grain oil, and oil yield. The effect of the genotype was also significant for all traits except oil yield. The effect of the interaction between the plant population and genotype on plant height, the number of branches, the number of grains per pod, the number of pods per plant, and 1000-grain weight was also significant. In general, open-pollinated cultivars at 60 plants m-2 and hybrid cultivars at 40 plants m-2 had higher grain yields.
Influence of leaf area on clonal propagation by mini-cuttings of two varieties of Ficus benjamina L.
Authors: Dias Izabel dos Santos , Arriel Eder Ferreira , Cadête Alexandre da Silva , Freire Antônio Lucineudo de Oliveira , Ferreira Cheila Deisy , Dos Santos Mateus Macena , Leite Graziele Vasconcelos , De Araujo Ianna Clara Ribeiro Lucena
Published: April 2023

Due to the peculiar characteristics of the species Ficus benjamina L., this plant is used on a large scale in afforestation for ornamental purposes and thermal comfort. However, its multiplication depends on clonal propagation techniques, due to the impossibility of obtaining viable seeds for seminal propagation in the semi-arid region. The leaf area rate that must be maintained in the multiplication propagules is a very important factor for the production of quality seedlings, as it influences the initiation and rooting of the species. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the influence of different degrees of leaf reduction on minicuttings of two varieties of Ficus benjamina L.. In order to obtain vegetative propagules for the installation of the experiments, a mini-clonal Hedge was established for each variety. The minicuttings were made up with 10 cm in length and the levels of leaf area reduction evaluated were three whole leaves, three leaves reduced to 1/2 and three leaves reduced to 1/3. Ten weeks after planting, the minicuttings were transferred from the rooting environment to the shade house and at sixteen weeks the experiment was finalized. For each variety, an experiment was installed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, three replications and plots consisting of twelve mini-cuttings, resulting in an experiment for each variety consisting of 108 mini-cuttings. At seven and sixteen weeks, survival data were analyzed and at the end of the experiment, rooting and aggregation of roots in the substrate. Weekly, up to sixteen weeks, data were collected from roots observed in the extremity of the tube. Regardless of the variety, the leaf area of the mini-cuttings that presented the best results for the clonal propagation of the species Ficus benjamina L., was the ones using mini-cuttings with leaf area reduced to three whole leaves.
The Story of a Treaty | He Kōrero Tiriti
Authors: Orange Claudia
Published: April 2023

The Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi is a central document in New Zealand history. This lively account tells the story of the Treaty from its signing in 1840, through the debates and struggles of the nineteenth century, to the gathering political momentum of recent decades. The third edition of The Story of a Treaty/He Kōrero Tiriti takes the narrative out to a wide audience, using a concise format with rich illustration. Explaining the role of the Treaty up to the present day, this book will continue as a superb introduction to Treaty history for future generations.
Validation of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Investigator Global Assessment
Authors: Garg Amit , Zema Carla , Ciaravino Valerie , Rolleri Robert , Peterson Luke , Garcia Llenalia , Massaro Tyler , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Kirby Joslyn S. , Thorlacius Linnea , Ingram John R.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Few simplified instruments exist for use in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) trials.

Objective

To assess psychometric properties of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Investigator Global Assessment (HS-IGA) score using a clinical trial data set.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective analysis of a phase 2 randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-reference arm trial (UCB HS0001) included adults with moderate-to-severe HS.

Exposures

Trial participants were randomized at baseline to receive bimekizumab, adalimumab, or placebo.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The HS-IGA score at prespecified time points up to 12 weeks after randomization.

Results

The HS-IGA score showed strong convergent validity with IHS4 and HS-PhGA scores at baseline (Spearman correlation, 0.86 [P < .001] and 0.74 [P < .001], respectively) and at week 12 (Spearman correlation, 0.73 [P < .001] and 0.64 [P < .001], respectively). The HS-IGA scores assessed during predosing visits at screening and baseline showed good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92). At week 12, HS-IGA responders were significantly associated with HiSCR-(50/75/90) responders (χ2 = 18.45; P < .001; χ2 = 18.11; P < .001; and χ2 = 20.83; P < .001, respectively). The HS-IGA score was predictive of HiSCR-50/75/90 and HS-PhGA response at week 12 (AUC, 0.69, 0.73, 0.85, and 0.71, respectively). However, the HS-IGA as a measure of disease activity showed low predictive validity with patient-reported outcomes at week 12.

Conclusions and Relevance

The HS-IGA score demonstrated good psychometric properties compared with existing measures and may be considered for use as an end point in clinical trials for HS.
Associations Between Early Life Adversity, Reproduction-Oriented Life Strategy, and Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Baptista Axel , Chambon Valérian , Hoertel Nicolas , Olfson Mark , Blanco Carlos , Cohen David , Jacquet Pierre O.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often accompanied by a history of high-risk sexual behavior and somatic comorbidities. Yet, these features are most often considered in isolation and little is known about their underlying developmental pathways. Life history theory, a leading framework in evolutionary developmental biology, can help make sense of the wide range of behaviors and health issues found in BPD.

Objective

To examine whether the emergence of BPD is associated with the prioritization of immediate reproductive goals over longer-term somatic maintenance goals, a life strategy that can be viewed as a developmental response to adverse early life experiences, providing rapid reproductive benefits despite costs to health and well-being.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study used cross-sectional data from the second wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions in 2004-2005 (n = 34 653). Civilian, noninstitutionalized individuals in the US, 18 years or older, and those with and without aDSM-IVdiagnosis of BPD were included. Analysis took place between August 2020 and June 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Structural equation models were used to examine whether early life adversity was associated with the likelihood of a BPD diagnosis, either directly or indirectly through a life strategy whereby individuals trade somatic maintenance for immediate reproduction.

Results

Analyses were performed on a sample of 30 149 participants (females: 17 042 [52%]; mean [SE] age, 48.5 [0.09]; males: 12 747 [48%]; mean [SE] age, 47 [0.08]). Of these, 892 (2.7%) had a diagnosis of BPD and 29 257 (97.3%) did not have BPD. Mean early life adversity, metabolic disorder score, and body mass index were significantly higher among participants with a diagnosis of BPD. In an analysis adjusted for age, individuals with BPD reported having significantly more children than those without BPD (b =0.06; SE, 0.01;t= 4.09;P < .001). Having experienced greater levels of adversity in early life was significantly associated with a greater risk of being diagnosed with BPD later in life (direct relative risk = 0.268; SE, 0.067;P < .001). Importantly, this risk was further increased by 56.5% among respondents who prioritized short-term reproductive goals over somatic maintenance (indirect relative risk = 0.565; SE, 0.056;P < .001). Similar patterns of associations were found in male and female individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance

The hypothesis of a reproduction/maintenance life history trade-off mediating the association between early life adversity and BPD helps make sense of the high dimensionality that characterizes the physiological and behavioral correlates of BPD. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results using longitudinal data.
Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration
Authors: Rendell Victoria R. , Pauli Eric M.
Published: April 2023

This article describes advances that are leading to a resurgence in surgeon interest and adoption of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, making an innovation out of an old technique.
Dispositional mindfulness plays a major role in adolescents' active and passive responding to bully‐victim dynamics
Authors: Malin Yael , Gumpel Thomas P.
Published: April 2023

Past research on school bullying focused on the role of the bully, suggesting that this active perpetrator is characterized by low empathy, low self‐regulation, and high moral disengagement (MD). Studies recently demonstrated a relationship between dispositional mindfulness and bullying as well. However, in the last 2 decades, research has broadened this perspective, suggesting that active and passive bystanders may play a major role in school bullying by either supporting or opposing bullying. In this research, we examined whether empathy, MD, self‐regulation, and mindfulness are significantly associated with probullying, defending, and bystanding behaviors. A total of 429 middle and high school adolescents from Israel (mean age = 16.81 years, SD = 1.62) completed online questionnaires. Through structural equation modeling, we found that empathy was associated with both, self‐regulation and defending behaviors. MD was associated with defending and probullying behaviors. Dispositional mindfulness was associated with all three roles we examined. All these relationships were significant and in the expected direction. As mindfulness is a disposition that can be cultivated, this finding may have further implications in programs that aim at reducing school bullying.
A Dual‐Functional Organic Electrolyte Additive with Regulating Suitable Overpotential for Building Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zixiang , Wang Rui , Ma Quanwei , Wan Jiandong , Zhang Shilin , Zhang Longhai , Li Hongbao , Luo Qiquan , Wu Jiang , Zhou Tengfei , Mao Jianfeng , Zhang Lin , Zhang Chaofeng , Guo Zaiping
Published: April 2023

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with high safety, low cost, and eco‐friendliness advantages show great potential in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, their practical application is hindered by low Columbic efficiency and unstable zinc anode resulting from the side reactions and deterioration of zinc dendrites. Herein, tripropylene glycol (TG) is chosen as a dual‐functional organic electrolyte additive to improve the reversibility of AZIBs significantly. Importantly, ab initio molecular dynamics theoretical simulations and experiments such as in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and synchrotron radiation‐based in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm that TG participates in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, regulating overpotential and inhibiting side reactions; meanwhile, TG inhibits the deterioration of dendrites and modifies the direction of zinc deposition by constructing an adsorbed layer on the zinc anode. Consequently, a Zn‐MnO2 full cell with TG electrolyte exhibited a specific capacity of 124.48 mAh g‐1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 4 A g‐1. This quantitative regulation for suitable solvation sheath and adsorbed layer on zinc anode, and its easy scalability of the process can be of immediate benefit for the dendrite‐free, high‐performance, and low‐cost energy storage systems.
Perovskite Solar Cells Consisting of PTAA Modified with Monomolecular Layer and Application to All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiency over 25%
Authors: Bi Huan , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Kapil Gaurav , Tavgeniene Daiva , Zhang Zheng , Wang Liang , Ding Chao , Sahamir Shahrir Razey , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Sanehira Yoshitaka , Takeshi Kitamura , Shi Guozheng , Bessho Takeru , Segawa Hiroshi , Grigalevicius Saulius , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi
Published: April 2023

This study is on the enhancement of the efficiency of wide bandgap (FA0.8Cs0.2PbI1.8Br1.2) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) used as the top layer of the perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cell. Poly[bis(4‐phenyl) (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) amine] (PTAA) and the monomolecular layer called SAM layer are effective hole collection layers for APbI3 PSCs. However, these hole transport layers (HTL) do not give high efficiencies for the wide bandgap FA0.8Cs0.2PbI1.8Br1.2 PSCs. It is found that the surface‐modified PTAA by monomolecular layer (MNL) improves the efficiency of PSCs. The improved efficiency is explained by the improved FA0.8Cs0.2PbI1.8Br1.2 film quality, decreased film distortion (low lattice disordering) and low density of the charge recombination site, and improves carrier collection by the surface modified PTAA layer. In addition, the relationship between the length of the alkyl group linking the anchor group and the carbazole group is also discussed. Finally, the wide bandgap lead PSCs (Eg = 1.77 eV) fabricated on the PTAA/monomolecular bilayer give a higher power conversion efficiency of 16.57%. Meanwhile, all‐perovskite tandem solar cells with over 25% efficiency are reported by using the PTAA/monomolecular substrate.
Ultrafast Excited States Dynamics of Orthogonal Photoswitches and The Influence of the Environment
Authors: Schmitt Tanja , Hsu Li‐Yun , Oberhof Nils , Rana Debkumar , Dreuw Andreas , Blasco Eva , Tegeder Petra
Published: April 2023

Molecular photoswitches are widely used in material sciences, physics, chemistry, and biology. As needs grow more complex, materials have to react more than one‐dimensionally. The use of multiple photoswitches at once opens manifold opportunities for further improved and more complicated systems. However, this requires independent addressability, i.e., orthogonality, and reversible processes. Herein, the first study on ultrafast excited state dynamics of two orthogonal photoswitches, a push‐pull azobenzene and a donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adduct is reported. In order to gain detailed insight in their interactions and mutual influences on their photoswitching behavior, they are addressed individually and simultaneously via transient absorption spectroscopy supported by quantum chemical calculations. They show reversible photoswitchability and in addition, can be used in 4D printing to provide easy access to a plethora of functional devices. Furthermore, environmental influences on the excited state dynamics are examined using different solvents and thin films. Both compounds photoisomerize independently when addressed individually or simultaneously and only little impacts on the excited state dynamics are found. Especially the vibrational relaxation is affected by different surroundings changing the energy dissipation while hardly affecting the electronic states involved. The orthogonal and simultaneous addressability is thereby crucial for their usage in 4D printed microactuators.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Promotes Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Zhao , Zi Jiangzhi , Luan Xue , Zhong Yueqi , Qu Minghan , Wang Yuzhe , Lian Zichao
Published: April 2023

Combining metal nanoparticles (NPs) featured with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based photocatalysts is a novel means for achieving efficient separation of electron–hole pairs. Herein, the Au@NH2‐UiO‐66/CdS composites are successfully synthesized by encapsulating Au NPs with LSPR into the NH2‐UiO‐66 nanocage, further growing CdS NPs on the surface of the NH2‐UiO‐66, which exhibits higher photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction under visible‐light irradiation than that of NH2‐UiO‐66/CdS and CdS, respectively. Transient absorption measurements reveal that MOF is not only a transit station for electrons generated from CdS to Au, but also a receiver for hot electrons generated from plasmonic Au in Au@MOF/CdS composites. Thus, the LSPR‐induced hot electron transfer from Au NPs is an important manifestation to prolong the carrier lifetime and enhance the photocatalytic performance. This work provides insights into investigating the photoinduced carrier dynamics of nanomaterials with LSPR effects for enhancing the MOF‐based photocatalytic performance.
Regeneration of Critical‐Sized Mandibular Defects Using 3D‐Printed Composite Scaffolds: A Quantitative Evaluation of New Bone Formation in In Vivo Studies
Authors: Dalfino Sophia , Savadori Paolo , Piazzoni Marco , Connelly Stephen Thaddeus , Giannì Aldo Bruno , Del Fabbro Massimo , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: April 2023

Mandibular tissue engineering aims to develop synthetic substitutes for the regeneration of critical size defects (CSD) caused by a variety of events, including tumor surgery and post‐traumatic resections. Currently, the gold standard clinical treatment of mandibular resections (i.e., autologous fibular flap) has many drawbacks, driving research efforts toward scaffold design and fabrication by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Once implanted, the scaffold acts as a support for native tissue and facilitates processes that contribute to its regeneration, such as cells infiltration, matrix deposition and angiogenesis. However, to fulfil these functions, scaffolds must provide bioactivity by mimicking natural properties of the mandible in terms of structure, composition and mechanical behavior. This review aims to present the state of the art of scaffolds made with AM techniques that are specifically employed in mandibular tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials chemical composition and scaffold structural properties are deeply discussed, along with strategies to promote osteogenesis (i.e., delivery of biomolecules, incorporation of stem cells, and approaches to induce vascularization in the constructs). Finally, a comparison of in vivo studies is made by taking into consideration the amount of new bone formation (NB), the CSD dimensions, and the animal model.