bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol: A Delphi Survey to Gather Feedback on a CONSORT Extension Proposal for Nutrition Intervention Trials
Authors: Rigutto-Farebrother Jessica , William Arnold Josia , Ahles Sanne , Murphy Karen , Shyam Sangeetha , Minihane Anne-Marie , Weaver Connie , Lachat Carl
Published: November 2023

Data generated by nutrition intervention trials may be used to inform public health policy and decision making, though inadequate and non-standardized reporting can hinder application of results and ultimately the success of health policies.The CONSORT guidelines are widely used as a guide for reporting of RCTs in nutrition. Yet, nutrition interventions may benefit from a tailored approach to address specific challenges that have been identified for trials in this domain. A Federation of European Nutrition Societies working group was created to improve quality and completeness of reporting of nutrition trials and has proposed an extension to the CONSORT guidelines specific to nutrition RTCs. The objective of this Delphi survey is to gather opinions from a panel of nutrition and health experts and related stakeholders regarding the development of a CONSORT extension for nutrition intervention trials. The results of this survey will guide further development of the proposed extension.
Observations of beach cusp morphodynamics on a composite beach
Authors: Pitman Sebastian , Coco Giovanni , Hart Deirdre , Shulmeister Jamie
Published: November 2023

Substantial volumes of sediment are moved on coarse grained beaches through the formation and destruction of beach cusps, yet the processes governing cusp behaviour remain poorly understood. Here, we combine continuous 2D LiDAR scan data with daily UAV topographic surveys and RGB imagery to provide detailed morphological measurements of beach cusps on a composite beach with the aim to investigate the role of sediment size and tidal stage on cusp behaviour. Rapid changes in cusp height and prominence were observed when storm-eroded gravels were readily transported over relatively impermeable sandy substratum, showing the high-order control that mixed matrix sediments have on this process. Post storm, gravels armoured the swash zone overlaying the sand and were rapidly reworked into horns, with the incipient bays simultaneously experiencing erosion. We provide some of the first field observations to show divergent behaviours occurring simultaneously along the beach as cusps adjust to the new dominant hydrodynamic regime, with some areas experiencing a shortening of cusp wavelength through new horn growth, while others contemporaneously experienced wavelength growth through the removal of intermediate horns. Cusp formation was generally more pronounced on the falling tide, but some evidence indicates horns can also be consolidated and grow in relief at some stages of individual rising tides. This research demonstrates how feedback between sediments, morphology and hydrodynamics are key to determining cusp form, with these insights only made possible through the novel combination of LiDAR, UAV, and camera methods to provide sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to resolve key processes.
Earthquakes and Other Seismic Processes as Part of Impact Theory
Authors: bytchkov serguei
Published: November 2023

Abstract removed when submission was withdrawn.
The Energy of Earthquakes. What's Wrong with the Elastic Recoil Theory?
Authors: bytchkov serguei
Published: November 2023

Abstract removed when submission was withdrawn.
Excited state lifetime of electron trapping centres in alkali feldspars
Authors: Riedesel Svenja , Jain Mayank
Published: November 2023

The development of the infrared photoluminescence (IRPL) signal enables the direct non-destructive probing of the trapped electron population in feldspars. Whilst IRPL offers new perspectives for luminescence dating, it also enables detailed, site-selective measurements of the dosimetric defects emitting IRPL at 880 nm (IRPL880) and 955 nm (IRPL955), allowing improved understanding of luminescence phenomena in feldspars. We perform time-resolved IRPL measurements to investigate the excited state lifetimes of IRPL880 and IRPL955 electron trapping centres in chemically and structurally different feldspars. We analyse the time-resolved off-time data with three exponentially decaying components. The contribution of the fast component (τ1) fitted to the IRPL880 data is minor and its lifetime is consistent with the switch off time of the 830 nm excitation laser. The two longer lifetimes (τ2 and τ3) dominate the IRPL880 and IRPL955 signals.. The τ2 values range from 2 µs to 6 µs for IRPL880 and from 2 µs to 7 µs for IRPL955, whereas τ3 ranges from 7 µs to 25 µs for IRPL880 and from 8 µs to 22 µs for IRPL955, with an average cluster value of ~20 µs. We observe a weak decreasing trend in τ3 lifetime with decreasing K-feldspar content. Systematic thermal depletion of the trapped electron population results in decreasing τ2 lifetimes with increasing preheat temperature, but a negligible change in τ3. We suggest that time-resolved-IRPL lifetimes not only reflect the exited state lifetime of the electron trapping centre, affected by excited-to-ground state transition as well as tunnelling, but also a direct recombination from the band tail states. The long excited-state lifetime of the order of 20 ~ µs (the average cluster value) allows for tunnelling induced recombination from the excited state, which is supported by the fact that reported lifetimes for time-resolved-IRSL (infra-red stimulated luminescence) are shorter than those of time-resolved-IRPL.
Middle Miocene vegetation of the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Iberian Peninsula), as inferred from fossil pollen records: state of the art and future prospects
Authors: Rull Valentí , Alba David , Casanovas Isaac
Published: November 2023

In the Mediterranean region, the study of fossil pollen has provided a comprehensive spatiotemporal paleoclimatic and paleovegetational picture of the Neogene flora and vegetation. The NW Mediterranean sector is a reference area for the study of vertebrate evolution, especially during the Middle Miocene, but paleofloristic and paleovegetational patterns are much less known, which hinders placing faunal evolution in the appropriate paleoenvironmental context. Here, the existing palynological evidence for this area is reviewed to identify the main knowledge gaps and to devise possible future developments. The few palynological records available have provided quantitative paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation estimates, along with general paleovegetation reconstructions, using the modern-analog (MA) approach. The suitability of this method is discussed here and the use of a complementary method, the fossil community (FC) approach – which has been demonstrated to be useful in other areas and time intervals – is proposed and illustrated using the available raw data. The MA approach is consistent with the available paleoclimatic evidence but special care should be placed on the reliability of overly precise quantitative estimates and the latent danger of circularity when analyzing the biotic responses to climatic changes. The FC approach is considered to be more suitable for reconstructing past communities because it requires less unwarranted assumptions. Additional fieldwork efforts are needed in the search for new pollen records, with an emphasis on more complete ecosystem reconstructions using both floral and faunal evidence.
The effect of segmentation depth in a helical fin tube bundle on the anisotropic turbulence state
Authors: García Andrade Marco Antonio , Martínez Espinosa Eliseo , Salinas-Vazquez Martin , Ramirez cruz Jorge , Vicente William , Rosas Flores Javier
Published: November 2023

The large eddy simulation approach was used to perform a numerical simulation of a flow around a helical segmented-fin tube bundle. This work focuses on the study of turbulence and the effect of segment depth on it. The simulation was conducted in an area away from the boundaries of the tube bundle, where the flow is fully-developed, and the use of periodic boundary conditions is possible. The computer-aided design of the helical segmented-fin tube geometry is incorporated into the computational grid from the immersed boundary technique. The Reynolds stress tensor was used to analyze the anisotropic state of turbulence. This flow is characterized by an anisotropic state generated by a flow with a preferential direction. A transfer of momentum in the inter-segment space and contiguous zones was observed. This intersegment flow generates a less anisotropic state of turbulence. This study aimed to understand a possible transformation of heat transfer with marginal geometrical changes and pressure drop increases.
New Eigensolution of the Klein--Gordon and Shrödinger equations for improved modified Yukawa-Kratzer potential and its applications using Boop's Shift method and standard perturbation theory in the 3D-ERQM and 3D-ENRQM symmetries
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: November 2023

The deformed Klein-Gordonequation has been solved in three-dimensional extended relativistic quantum mechanics (3D-ERQM) symmetries for the improved modified Yukawa-Kratzer potential (IMYKP) model under the influence of the deformation space-space symmetries. The new relativistic energy eigenvalues were calculated using the parametric Bopp’s shift method and standard perturbation theory in addition to the approximation scheme suggested by Greene and Aldrich for the inverse square terms. The new relativistic energy eigenvalues of (LiH, HCl, CO and H2) molecules under the IMYKP model it was shown to be sensitive to the atomic quantum numbers (j, l, s, m), mixed potential depths (V0, De, re), the screening parameter’s inverse α and noncommutativity parameters (Θ,τ ,χ). In addition, we analyzed the nonrelativistic energy values by applying the well-known transmission rules known in the literature. In addition, we studied many special cases useful to researchers in the framework of the new extended symmetries, such as the improved modified Kratzer potential, the improved generalized Kratzer potential, the improved Kratzer potential, the improved modified Kratzer plus screened Coulomb potential, the improved Hellmann potential, the improved Yukawa potential, and improved inversely square Yukawa potential. We noticed that these particular results are identical to our previous work and other known works in the literature. The study is further extended to calculate the mass spectra of mesons of charmonium (cc) and bottomonium (bb) within the framework of the IMYKP model in three-dimensional extended non-relativistic quantum mechanics (3D-ENRQM) symmetries.
The role and activities of the Muslim faction in the І and ІІ State Dumas
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, Zhumatay S. , Кabyltayeva S.K. , Sailaubayeva N.E.
Published: November 2023

The creation and activities of the Muslim faction in the State Duma have become an important indicator of the development of the political consciousness of Muslims. The Muslim faction in the 1st and 2nd State Dumas focused on three main issues: Agrarian issues, the problems of democratization of political life, and the problem of national-religious relations. Thus, the Muslim faction played a significant role in the activities of the First and Second Dumas. The article discusses the views of the deputies of the Muslim faction, their role and activities in the I–II State Dumas in relation to the agrarian policy of the tsarist empire, including the re- settlement policy. The deputies of the Muslim faction were the real defenders of the interests of the indigenous population of the Steppe Territory, and sought to legally resolve the land issue, with the indispensable participation of all interested parties in its discussion. The authors analyze the legislative activity and the work of Muslim deputies in the Duma commissions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the position of the deputies of the Muslims of the Steppe Territory, Sh. Kosshygulov and T. Norokonev
Antireligious Propaganda Organization Activities in Soviet Kazakhstan (1929–1941)
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Zholdassuly T. , Baizhanova G.N.
Published: November 2023

When it comes to the Soviet government religion policy one can think of the Soviet atheist policy and antireligious attack. Even if the atheism was one of the main ideologies of the communists throughout the Soviet history, the policy of the state in relation to religion, including Islam, was different at each stage. The attack by the Soviet authorities on Islam, which took place between 1929 and 1941, was the most severe. It was the unprecedented Soviet attack against Islam. Along with a direct attack on Islam, the Soviet government intensified its massive anti-religious propaganda during this period. There was an anti-religious agitation organization called the League of Militant Atheists. This research is devoted to the history of the antireligious organization that existed at that time. The work of the League of Militant Atheists is revealed based on propaganda activities carried out in Kazakhstan. Therefore, this topic is relevant. The article reveals the original policy, the principles of Soviet power regarding religion and the reasons for its softness towards Islam in the initial period. The laws of the Soviet state concerning religion, the main positions of the communist party, and consequences of anti-Islamic attack and propaganda regarding religion have also been discussed in this work.
Effect of probiotic drugs and their metabolites on the microflora of digestive canal of broiler chickens
Authors: Daskalova Aleksandra , Kucheruk Mariia , Zasekin Dmytro , Hryb Julia
Published: November 2023

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the growing demand of the population for safe and organic poultry products. Various microbiological preparations are used as therapeutic and preventive means and alternatives to the use of antibiotics in organic poultry farming. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of preparations of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites on the optimal composition of the microflora of the digestive canal, the general condition, and the liveability of broiler chickens. The effect of various types of drugs on broiler chickens was investigated: the probiotic LactoPharm LP12, the postbiotic Bacteriosan, and a bacteriocin nisin solution. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the digestive canal of broiler chickens was determined by the method of bacteriological cultures. The disc diffusion method, using commercial discs with a minimum inhibitory concentration, revealed sensitivity to antibiotics. The effective effect of the new postbiotic Bacteriosan on the intestines of poultry was confirmed – no coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated on the 30th day of the experiment, and the lowest titre of Escherichia coli was recorded on days 30, 60, and 81 of the experiment. In terms of the content of lactic acid bacteria in the intestines of broiler chickens, the highest concentration was found in the experimental groups that used the probiotic LactoPharm LP12 and the experimental postbiotic by 21% and 32%, respectively, compared to control group. Treatment of bedding material with prophylactic drugs in poultry houses of experimental groups contributed to air sanitation and a decrease in the microbial background of the room compared to the control. The lowest mortality rate of chickens (-12%) was observed when using probiotics and postbiotics, due to the positive effect on the microbiocenosis of the digestive canal. When using an aqueous solution of nisin, the mortality rate was 14%. Thus, the use of the postbiotic Bacteriosan at a dose of 5 mL/kg of feed and the probiotic LactoPharm LP12 at a dose of 1 g/L of drinking water for seven days with a weekly break during the entire period of poultry rearing was experimentally substantiated, which will allow for effective prevention of infectious diseases and increase the liveability of broiler chickens
Hearing Loss among Children Visiting Department of Otolaryngology and HNS of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chaudhary Preeti , Bahadur Chalise Ganesh , Adhikar Arun , Mathema Luna , Paudyal Prasanta , Khatri Bijay
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Hearing loss is defined as the partial or total reduction in auditory acuity. Hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of hearing loss among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS of a tertiary care centre.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022 after obtaining ethical approval. All the patients who underwent pure tone evaluation were included in the study. A convenience sampling technique was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: Among 3051 children, 328 (10.75%) (9.65-11.85, 95% Confidence Interval) had hearing loss. Among children with hearing loss, 170 (51.83%) of children were female. The mean age of children with hearing loss was 13.31±3.39 years. The mean pure tone average among 452 ears with hearing loss was 44.60±17.71 dB. The commonest degree of hearing loss was mild hearing loss 266 (58.85%), and the commonest type was conductive hearing loss 310 (68.58%). Among children with hearing loss, 124 (37.80%) had bilateral hearing loss.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing loss among children visiting the Department of Otolaryngology and HNS was found to be lower than similar studies done in similar settings.
Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy with Unsupervised Intake of Medications for Abortion: A Case Report
Authors: Rayamajhi Amod , Karki Rayamajhi Anjana , Adhikari Arohi , Basnet Prapti , Tiwari Akhilesh
Published: November 2023

Cervical ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy, where implantation occurs in the mucosa of the endocervical canal, below the internal os. Medical abortion is a safe and effective method of termination of early intrauterine pregnancies when carried out under the supervision of trained service providers. Unfortunately, unsupervised misuse of such methods can lead to grave morbidities, especially in ectopic pregnancies. We report a case of a 29-year-old female with cervical ectopic pregnancy, with a history of self-induced medical abortion. Her assumption that her pregnancy had been terminated caused a delay in seeking treatment, which led to complications during management. Ultrasonography revealed features suggestive of cervical ectopic pregnancy and evacuation of the fetus and placenta was done using curettage, during which she had uncontrolled severe vaginal bleeding leading to need of emergency hysterectomy.
Third Year MBBS - Gateway to Clinical Skills Learning
Authors: Ghimire Sujata , Lahera Suvam
Published: November 2023

Practising medicine is all about art, skills and knowledge. According to the Tribhuvan University curriculum, the second phase, third year Bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery is the beginning of clinical skill learning. After studying integrated basic medical sciences for two years which is more like a conventional method of learning, the third year brings a new experience. It integrates theoretical knowledge in hospital settings by observing the patients, historytaking, examination, learning effective communication skills and empathy.
Редагування навчальної літератури : навчальний посібник для здобувачів вищої освіти ступеня магістра, спеціальності 014 Середня освіта, предметної спеціальності 014.01 Середня освіта (Українська мова і література), спеціалізації – Редагування освітніх видань
Authors: Бузько C. А.
Published: November 2023

Посібник призначений для підготовки здобувачів вищої освіти ступеня магістра, спеціальності 014 Середня освіта, предметної спеціальності 014.01 Середня освіта (Українська мова і література), спеціалізації – Редагування освітніх видань. Він розроблений відповідно до програми навчальної дисципліни «Редагування навчальної літератури» (за освітньою програмою «Українська мова і література, зарубіжна література. Редагування освітніх видань»). У посібнику містяться стислі теоретичні відомості з основних питань курсу, завдання, які можна використовувати під час проведення практичних занять із означеної дисципліни, а також завдання для самостійної роботи. Представлені матеріали допоможуть студентам магістратури узагальнити й систематизувати знання з курсу «Редагування навчальної літератури» та належним чином підготуватися до складання заліку з цієї дисципліни
Socio-Ecological Drivers of the Pastoralist–Farmer Conflict in Nigeria’s Mid-Benue Trough: Introducing the Ethnicity Dimension
Authors: Njoku Chukwudi , Efiong Joel , Moncada Stefano
Published: November 2023

It is not clear how different social, demographic, economic and ecological factors influence the prevalence and lethality of pastoralistfarmer conflicts in Nigeria’s Mid-Benue Trough. This study introduces the ethnicity dimension alongside factors such as climate change, economic development, population density, political violence and terrorism. Data originates from secondary sources, and multinomial regression is used to model significant effects. The results suggest that ethnicity has a greater impact on the lethality of conflicts than other factors (0.038, x2 = 16.339). Further results show that lethal pastoralist-farmer conflict incidents occur in areas directly affected by climate change (87.4 per cent), with low levels of economic development (77.3 per cent) and low population density (58.9 per cent). The study highlights the effect of the multi-ethnic nature of the area as a main driver of lethal conflicts. Solutions for actions are therefore discussed for consideration by relevant authorities in efforts to integrate the ethnic diversity of the area into policy.
Embolia pulmonar: um desafio diagnóstico
Authors:   USF Salvador Machado, ACeS Aveiro Norte. Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal., Tavares Nilza , Salgado Olga ,   USF Salvador Machado, ACeS Aveiro Norte. Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal.
Published: November 2023

Introdução: O tromboembolismo venoso inclui a trombose venosa profunda e a embolia pulmonar. Em Portugal, a incidência de embolia pulmonar foi estimada em 35 por 100.000 habitantes. As suas manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas. Este relato de caso pretende realçar o desafio na suspeita clínica de embolia pulmonar, principalmente nos cuidados de saúde primários. Descrição do caso: Homem de 76 anos, com hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia, obesidade, perturbação depressiva, hipertrofia benigna da próstata, veias varicosas, insuficiência venosa crónica e trombose venosa profunda em 2012. Após intervenção cirúrgica urológica iniciou queixas de cansaço. Passado um mês recorreu à consulta aberta da unidade de saúde familiar, num período de ausência da médica de família, e ao serviço de urgência. Foi também avaliado na consulta de urologia pós-operatória, onde referiu a persistência das queixas. Na consulta com a médica de família, este cansaço foi caracterizado como sensação de dispneia e desconforto torácico. Apresentava bom estado geral, sem sinais de dificuldade respiratória. Pressão arterial 134/82mmHg, frequência cardíaca 85bpm, saturação periférica de oxigénio 92%. Auscultação cardíaca e pulmonar sem alterações. Ausência de sinais de trombose venosa profunda ou superficial. Foi referenciado para o serviço de urgência hospitalar para despiste de embolia pulmonar. Foi internado no serviço de medicina interna com diagnóstico de embolia pulmonar extensa bilateral e insuficiência respiratória. Comentário: Além de uma história clínica detalhada e exame objetivo, a procura ativa de fatores predisponentes é fundamental na suspeita clínica de embolia pulmonar.
Informal consultations: a case report of a young doctor as a patient
Authors:   Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados da Sé, Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste. Bragança, Carlos Sara , Silva Joana Gomes da ,   Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados da Sé, Unidade Local de Saúde do Nordeste. Bragança, Morgado Pedro ,   University of Minho. Braga, Portugal
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Informal consultations are medical acts characterized by the individual's self-referral to a doctor, without clinical record or adequate follow-up. Despite controversy, this practice is an integral part of medical culture. This case report highlights the importance of understanding the consequences of informal consultations and the desirability of a preventive attitude towards one’s own health. Case description: A 28-year-old female health professional requests an informal consultation due to low-back pain after two months of evolution where a tentative diagnosis and treatment plan were brainstormed. Symptom aggravation led her to a formal ortho-traumatology consultation, whereupon she was definitively diagnosed with a herniated lumbar disc, and a treatment plan was discussed and implemented, with good outcomes. Commentary: This case reveals the complexity of clinical communication and psychosocial context involving informal consultations. Healthcare professionals are particularly susceptible to belittling signs and symptoms, using informal consultations to tackle the clinical situation quickly and be able to work, but without really addressing the underlying problem.
Consulta de modificação de estilos de vida nos cuidados de saúde primários
Authors:   USF Cova da Piedade – ACeS Almada-Seixal. Almada, Portugal., Freitas Marta , Marinho Joana ,   USF Cova da Piedade – ACeS Almada-Seixal. Almada, Portugal., Nogueira Gabriel ,   USF Cova da Piedade – ACeS Almada-Seixal. Almada, Portugal., Mendes Filipa ,   USF Cova da Piedade – ACeS Almada-Seixal. Almada, Portugal., Marquês Marta ,   USF Cova da Piedade – ACeS Almada-Seixal. Almada, Portugal.
Published: November 2023

A obesidade constitui um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no mundo. O aconselhamento para a mudança de estilos de vida é uma competência fundamental dos médicos de família (MF) e pode contribuir para a prevenção, controlo e redução do risco de complicações de doenças crónicas. A falta de recursos face às necessidades dificultam uma abordagem concertada. Neste sentido, um grupo de profissionais de cuidados de saúde primários organizou-se para implementar uma consulta dedicada a modificação de estilos de vida (MEV), visando um impacto positivo na saúde da sua população. No presente artigo descreve-se o projeto e a sua operacionalização. A consulta de MEV pretende, de forma estruturada, intervir no controlo e alteração de estilos de vida prejudiciais à saúde dos utentes, com o objetivo de reduzir a prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade na população e, consequentemente, reduzir a incidência de doenças ligadas ao estilo de vida a médio e longo prazo. Este tipo de intervenção, realizada por profissionais treinados, permite individualizar e intensificar a intervenção com recurso a técnicas de entrevista motivacional, o que pode aumentar a taxa de sucesso da mudança comportamental. No futuro seria proveitoso replicar o projeto, estabelecendo novos polos de consulta.
Mário Moura – O mestre que ensina pelo exemplo
Authors:   Médico de Família, Mendes Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Estava a tomar corpo a criação de uma associação de médicos de Clínica Geral que fosse uma entidade aglutinadora, que produzisse um corpo teórico coerente, que interagisse com as outras especialidades médicas, que fosse uma força representativa, que actuasse como grupo de pressão e que fosse reconhecida nacional e internacionalmente, o que vira a concretizar-se em Maio desse ano, com a fundação da Associação Portuguesa de Médicos de Clinica Geral. O grupo alargado de jovens médicos, responsável por este movimento fundacional, tinha de encontrar um Colega da área dos Cuidados Primários, prestigiado, respeitado, reconhecido interpares e pela sociedade, que assumisse a Presidência da Direcção da novel associação. Entre outros, foi sugerido, por Colegas da região de Setúbal, o nome de um médico experiente, maduro, prestigiado, que pela força e influência do seu exemplo pessoal, profissional e cívico, reunia, no seu entender, as condições que se pretendiam para um Presidente da Associação profissional e científica que estava a nascer. O Dr. Mário da Silva Moura, já na casa dos 50 anos, Consultor de Clínica Geral, na altura Director do Centro de Saúde de Setúbal, com um ar respeitável, que lhe era acrescido pelo cabelo e barba brancos, foi o nome proposto e finalmente, em boa hora, por todos aceite. O tempo veio demonstrar o acerto, a lucidez e a visão dessa proposta.
Factors Affecting the Social Outreach of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from Ethiopian Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Tesiso Yisehak
Published: November 2023

The main objective of the study was to assess the factors affecting the social outreach of microfinance institutions in Ethiopia. The outreach of microfinance was measured in terms of the number of clients served as breadth of outreach and the socio-economic level of the clients as depth of outreach. The study was conducted using secondary data collected from the Association of Ethiopian Microfinance Institutions for the period 2007-2020, which was published in its annual bulletin. A sample of 14 microfinance institutions was selected based on the consistency of their financial and performance reports to the association since 2007. The study was based on an explanatory research design. A balanced panel data was analysed using the random effect panel data regression model. The study found that borrowers per loan officers, cost per borrower, deposit to loan ratio, gross loan to asset ratio, operating expense to loan portfolio, return on asset, age, size, and product of microfinance are variables significantly affecting the social outreach of microfinance in Ethiopia. The study found that microfinance institutions are serving a fraction of the poor in Ethiopia. Microfinance institutions in Ethiopia need to maintain the momentum and trends of depth and breadth. MFIs need to accelerate their progress in order to reach more of the poor.
A szubszidiaritás értelmezései és alkalmazásának lehetőségei az Európai Unióban
Authors: Koller Boglárka
Published: November 2023

A szubszidiaritás azt jelenti, hogy egy magasabb szintű társadalmi entitás nem jogosult eldönteni és kezelni azt, amit alacsonyabb szinteken hatékonyabban meg lehet tenni. A szubszidiaritás az egyének és kisebb társadalmi egységek, közösségek szabadsága védelmének záloga, hiszen megakadályozza, hogy a döntések mindig magasabb szinteken szülessenek, így érvényesülése hozzájárulhat ahhoz, hogy egyensúlyban tartsa a társadalom működését. Bár a fogalom tartalmilag, és diszciplinárisan sokkal tágabb értelemben is használatos, e tanulmány az európai, ezen belül is az európai uniós értelmezéshez nyújt keretet. A fogalom európai uniós születése a maastrichti szerződéshez köthető, és azóta tulajdonképpen az eurokrata szakzsargonban változó intenzitással, de állandóan szerepel. A téma aktualitását az említett uniós szerződés hatálybalépésének 30 éves évfordulóján túl, az Európai Unió jövőjéről szóló politikai, jogi és társadalmi diskurzus adja. Az EU jövőjéről szóló vitákban, és javaslatokban ugyanis felerősödtek a szubszidiaritás köré épített javaslatok. A tanulmány a fogalom konceptualizációja után integrációelméleti magyarázatokkal szolgál. Végül az EU jövőjéről szóló vitákban értelmezi a szubszidiaritás fogalmát és alkalmazásának lehetőségeit.
PENERAPAN METODE SKORING DAN WEIGHTED OVERLAY DALAM MENAKSIR TINGKAT KERAWANAN LONGSOR KECAMATAN CAMBA, KABUPATEN MAROS
Authors: Mukhlisa Andi Nurul , Mappiasse Muhammad Faisal , Ashari Andi Surya
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan indeks rawan bencana yang dikeluarkan oleh BNPD bahwa Kabupaten Maros termasuk dalam kelas rawan tinggi terhadap bencana alam. Secara statistik, kondisi wilayah di Sulawesi Selatan merupakan daerah yang rawan bencana longsor. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menaksir tingkat kerawanan longsor di Kecamatan Camba. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan software ArcMap dengan teknik skoring dan pembobotan. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan cara membuat overlay untuk mendapatkan nilai pembobotan yang selanjutnya dilakukan proses reclassify untuk mendapatkan tingkat kerawanan longsor. Hasil penelitian yaitu diperoleh area dengan 4 tingkat kerawanan terhadap longsor. Pada kerawanan rendah memiliki luasan 200,4 ha. Pada tingkat kerawanan sedang memiliki luasan 1702,8. Pada tingkat kerawanan tinggi memiliki luasan 6278,4 ha. Pada tingkat kerawanan sangat tinggi memiliki luasan 3838 ha. Kata kunci: Longsor, Pemetaan spasial, Teknik Skoring, CambaABSTRACTBased on the disaster-prone index issued by the BNPD, Maros Regency is included in the high-prone class for natural disasters. Statistically, the condition of the region in South Sulawesi is an area prone to landslides. This research aims to estimate the level of landslide vulnerability in Camba District. Data processing was carried out using ArcMap software with scoring and weighting techniques. The data is then analyzed by creating an overlay to obtain weighting values which are then carried out by a reclassification process to obtain the level of landslide susceptibility. The results of the research were areas with 4 levels of vulnerability to landslides. At low vulnerability it has an area of 200.4 ha. At the medium level of vulnerability it has an area of 1702.8. At the high level of vulnerability it has an area of 6278.4 ha. At a very high level of vulnerability it has an area of 3838 ha.Keywords: Landslide, Spasial Mapping, Skoring Technique, Camba
Respuestas emergentes ante la crisis de gobernabilidad penitenciaria en México
Authors: Mandujano Anayeli
Published: November 2023

El Estado es el garante de la seguridad e integridad de las personas privadas de la libertad a quienes se les atribuye la comisión de un delito, los Centros de Reinserción Social son los sitios destinados para esta medida, no obstante, debido al contexto penitenciario actual en México, han surgido diferentes respuestas para hacer frente a las problemáticas que se presentan, producto de la ausencia de gobernabilidad de un sistema penitenciario con marcadas áreas de oportunidad, sin embargo, lejos del fortalecimiento de la reinserción social, se plantean mecanismos desde una óptica de idealismo en papel del Sistema Penitenciario, que limita el cumplimiento de la Ley Nacional de Ejecución Penal al no existir las condiciones para su implementación, no obstante, sin duda, esta Ley ha permitido dar pasos agigantados en materia penitenciaria, marcando la dirección de las acciones con una visión de derechos humanos y perspectiva de género y que además considera claros beneficios de preliberación, de tal forma que,  la aprobación de un instrumento de Amistía como el que se ha planteado en México recientemente, vuelve al Sistema Penitenciario liberal sin un enfoque criminológico, por lo que, es preciso realizar un análisis en contraposición con la realidad penitenciaria, considerando que el fin último de los Centros de Reinserción Social es la reinserción social.
Claroscuros de la política criminal contra los ECOS: ¿Una visión garantista en México?
Authors: García Alan , Contreras Rebeca
Published: November 2023

Los esfuerzos por cambiar la orientación sexual de las personas (ECOS) representan una arista de la violencia por prejuicio que vulnera el derecho de libre desarrollo de la personalidad y la dignidad humana.

No obstante que organismos internacionales han advertido que aquéllos adolecen de soporte científico, son ineficaces y constituyen una especie de tortura, se advierte su presencia en al menos 68 países.

Este artículo recurre a los métodos dogmático-jurídico, sistemático-jurídico y análisis de contenido, a fin de abordar el diseño normativo de la política criminal mexicana contra las terapias de conversión impulsada en 2020, mediante la adición del artículo 190 quarter al Código Penal para el Distrito Federal, lo que permitirá reflexionar sobre algunos puntos de oportunidad que no deben pasar inadvertidos en un Estado garantista, verbigracia, la ubicación del tipo penal y los problemas probatorios que conlleva el modo de comisión y la intencionalidad del sujeto activo.
Hacia una justicia transicional conflictiva en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Ivan
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo busca aproximarse al principio dialógico, como uno de los ejes estructurales de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP). Este artículo pretende hacer un análisis crítico de los principales presupuestos y desarrollos de este principio en el marco de la justicia transicional. Para ello, toma algunos elementos de la tradición filosófica- política, para estructurar problemáticas que se relacionan con los derechos de las víctimas del conflicto armado. El objetivo de este artículo es visibilizar que la noción de diálogo está estrechamente conectada con la noción de consenso y esto puede ser problemático para una institución, como la JEP, que pretende contribuir al fin de la violencia.
How Much Nebraska Ag Land is Owned by Foreign Entities?
Authors: Van Tassell Larry
Published: November 2023

The Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1973 (AFIDA) established a mandatory reporting system, overseen by the USDA, that requires foreign entities to provide information on all U.S. agricultural and non-agricultural land in which they hold an interest. “Interest” is reported as a fee interest (legal possession of both the surface and mineral rights), partial fee interest (must state percent ownership), life estate, trust beneficiary, purchase contract, or other. “Other” includes leases that are 10-years or longer. The regulations exempt foreign entities with interests solely in mineral rights and leases of less than 10 years in duration from reporting. In this report, the terms “owner” and “ownership” will refer to all types of interest held by the foreign entity, including long-term leases.

According to the most recent AFIDA report, foreign investment in agricultural lands has increased over the past decade. As of December 31, 2021, just over 30 million acres (3.1%) of agricultural land in the U.S. was held by foreign entities. Texas has the distinction of having the most acreage held by foreign entities (almost 5.3 million acres or 3.4% of Texas’ acreage) but Maine holds the number one spot for the highest percentage of agricultural land held by foreigners (3.6 million acres equating to 20.1% of Maine’s acreage). Canada holds the largest percentage of Maine’s foreign-held acreage for the purpose of timber production (Foreign Ownership and Holdings of U.S. Agricultural Land, 2023).
Coastal wetland degradation and ecological problems in the Yellow River Delta during 2005�2021
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Jimin , Liu Xudong , Cao Jing , Zhang Yi , Sun Lecheng , Song Xiaoli , Xing Congcong
Published: November 2023

The Yellow River Delta wetland is one of the rare estuarine wetland ecosystems in the world, and it is also the most complete wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone in China. To understand its ecological problems as a sensitive and fragile new wetland ecosystem, we investigated and analyzed its coastal erosion, changes in wetland types, encroachment of invasive species, changes in the areas of seagrass beds and oyster reefs, ecosystem health status, and low salinity area. The investigation of the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta revealed that from 2005 to 2020, the maximum deposition distance of the Yellow River port beach was about 10 km, and the maximum erosion distance was about 5 km. The siltation rate gradually decreased. From 2016 to 2021, the total area of the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta remained stable. The area change rates of Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, and Tamarix chinensis were 587, 282, and 57 ha/year, respectively, and the annual rate of change in Suaeda salsa was �60 ha/year. From 2015 to 2021, S. alterniflora increased the most sharply in the southern part of the Yellow River Estuary, and this region became the largest area of S. alterniflora in the delta. In recent years, the area of the coastal seagrass beds in the Delta has decreased sharply, and the area of the degraded oyster reefs has decreased further. The high nitrogen and phosphorus content of seawater is the main factor leading to the continuous eutrophication of the delta sea area. From 2011 to 2021, the health status of the Yellow River Estuary ecosystem remained in a sub-healthy state. The monitoring results for the low salinity area revealed that the areas of the low salinity area in 2020 and May 2021 were about 1200 and 1650 km2, respectively. Based on the survey results, the ecological problems faced by the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta such as dynamic coastline changes, coastal wetland degradation, and invasion of S. alterniflora were investigated.
Analisis Kebutuhan Kompetensi SDM Instalasi Rekam Medik dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Rum Malihah Ramadhani , Saud Nur Pratiwi Rahmawaty
Published: November 2023

Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan ditemukan bahwa petugas di instalasi rekam medik jumlah dan kompetensinya masih kurang seimbang jika dibandingkan jumlah pengunjung rumah sakit, sehingga pelayanan menjadi kurang efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prioritas kebutuhan kompetensi SDM di instalasi rekam medis pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dan menyusun rencana strategi peningkatan kompetensi SDM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang di dalamnya peneliti menyelidiki secara cermat peristiwa dan aktivitas suatu kelompok di rumah sakit, dalam penelitian ini tipe desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah single-case (holistic), karena unit analisis yang digunakan hanya satu yaitu instalasi rekam medik. Hasil penelitian didapatkan urutan prioritas dari perhitungan AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) kebutuhan kompetensi sumber daya manusia di instalasi rekam medik prioritas pertama yaitu kualifikasi Pendidikan, dilanjutkan pengalaman kerja, pelatihan keahlian, beban kerja dan sarana prasarana. Ditemukan bahwa kualifikasi Pendidikan staf rekam medis belum sesuai, pengalaman kerja staf cukup, pelatihan keahlian staf cukup, beban kerja yang diberikan tidak sesuai, dan sarana prasarana pendukung belum sesuai.
Penerapan Higiene dan Sanitasi Lingkungan di Pasar Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin
Authors: Trisnaini Inoy , Tiyanesa Arshita Syifatul Qolbi
Published: November 2023

Pasar adalah fasilitas umum yang kegiatannya melibatkan banyak orang di dalamnya dan terjadi interaksi fisik yang berpotensi menjadi sarana penyebaran penyakit. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut karena diperoleh hasil observasi awal yang tidak sesuai dengan PERMENKES RI No.17 Tahun 2022 yaitu penerapan personal hygiene, penataan ruang, drainase, dan bangunan pasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana implementasi atau penerapan higiene sanitasi di Pasar Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pemilihan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 15 orang, yaitu terdiri dari 3 informan kunci (sanitarian, pengelola pasar, dan petugas kebersihan), dan 6 informan biasa (pedagang dan pembeli). Analisis data dengan menggunakan metode content analysis. Validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber, metode dan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pasar Sungai Lilin belum memenuhi persyaratan pasar sehat menurut Permenkes RI No.17 Tahun 2020, seperti sarana air bersih, sarana pengelolaan sampah, sarana drainase, sarana pengendalian vektor, sarana toilet, sarana cuci tangan, dan penerapan personal hygiene. Implementasi higiene dan sanitasi di lingkungan pasar Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin tahun 2022 berdasarkan Permenkes RI No. 17 Tahun 2020 belum diterapkan dengan baik.
Developing Items to Measure the Assessment Literacy of ESL Teachers
Authors: Singh Harsharan Kaur Jaswan , Singh Charanjit Kaur Swaran , Ong Eng Tek , Lun Wong Wei , Singh Tarsame Singh Masa , Gopal Revathi , Maniam Mahendran , Shukor Siti Shuhaida , Mulyadi Dodi
Published: November 2023

This study aims to develop a reliable instrument measuring the assessment literacy of ESL teachers through Exploratory Factor Analysis based on five constructs. A survey was administered to 200 secondary school ESL teachers. The study revealed that only 78 items with a cut-off point of above .60 from the factor loading are retained. Cronbach’s Alpha showed that the items retained are reliable. This study developed and validated an instrument to measure ESL teachers’ assessment literacy in the Malaysian context. An assessment literacy framework can be developed based on this research which will benefit the education field in Malaysia.
The Role of Organic Waste Feed Combination on Growth Rate and Nutrient Content of Hermetia Illucens Larvae
Authors: Ayuningrum Sri Utami , Putra Ramadhani Eka
Published: November 2023

The amount of organic waste is increasing along with the increase in population. The problem of organic waste can be overcome by the bioconversion method using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens larvae. This study aims to analyze the effect of combination feed with differences on the major nutrient content on survival rate, growth rate, feed consumption, Waster Reduction Index (WRI), Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Feed (ECDF), and nutritional content of BSF larvae. The feed given are  fish offal (high in fat), tofu pulp (high in protein), and banana peel (high in hemicelulose) with a ratio of 2:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, and 1:1:1. Feed combination 1:1:2 has the highest value of growth rate (3.47 mg/larva/day), feed consumption (25,76%), WRI (0,42%/day), ECDF (12.91%) and survival rate (81,38%). BSF larvae is potential to be used as alternative animal feed because they contain high levels of protein.
CatSper mediates not only chemotactic behavior but also the motility of ascidian sperm
Authors: Kijima Taiga , Kurokawa Daisuke , Sasakura Yasunori , Ogasawara Michio , Aratake Satoe , Yoshida Kaoru , Yoshida Manabu
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Sperm motility, including chemotactic behavior, is regulated by changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the sperm-specific Ca2+ channel CatSper has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. In particular, in mammals, CatSper is the only functional Ca2+ channel in the sperm, and mice deficient in the genes comprising the pore region of the Ca2+ channel are infertile due to the inhibition of sperm hyperactivation. CatSper is also thought to be involved in sea urchin chemotaxis. In contrast, in ascidian Ciona intestinalis, SAAF, a sperm attractant, interacts with Ca2+/ATPase, a Ca2+ pump. Although the existence of CatSper genes has been reported, it is not clear whether CatSper is a functional Ca2+ channel in sperm.

Results: We showed that CatSper is present in the sperm flagella of C. intestinalis as in mammalian species, although a small level of gene expression was found in other tissues. The spermatozoa of CatSper3 KO animals were significantly less motile, and some motile sperms did not show any chemotactic behavior. These results suggest that CatSper plays an important role in ascidians and mammals, and is involved in spermatogenesis and basic motility mechanisms.