bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a Tool for Cross-Functional Collaboration: the Trajectory of an Annual Clock
Authors: Ruotsala Riikka
Published: February 2022

This empirical study examines how practitioners from the organizational functions of humanresources, occupational safety and occupational health services within a Finnish industrialorganization view the challenges that production supervisors face in their daily work. The articlepresents a formative intervention, which focuses on supervisors’ changing work and how theseorganizational support functions could collaboratively serve supervisors better, especially in theirtask of promoting well-being at work. The article approaches this collective learning effort fromthe framework of the Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), by examining how crossfunctionalcollaboration evolves and the transitions through which it develops in an interventionprocess. The development of collaboration is analysed through a process of collective concept andtool formation by following a cross-meeting trajectory of specific annual clock episodes. Anannual clock, a co-ordinating tool used in organizations to assist the yearly planning andmanagement of specific operations, emerged in the intervention as the practitioners’ attempt tosynchronize overlapping and inconsistent well-being related practices assigned to supervisors.The article presents a framework that can be applied in this kind of combined empirical analysisof tool development and the evolving collaboration. The analysis shows how the idea of the annualclock grew through multifaceted conceptualizations, in which it first had the status of a conceptualobject, then a collaborative tool, and eventually a script for becoming a novel cross-functionalpractice. Simultaneously, the mode of interaction expanded from a function-based co-ordination totask-oriented co-operation, and finally to communication.
Activity Clinic and Affects in Workplace Conflicts: Transformation through transferential activity
Authors: Scheller Livia
Published: February 2022

This paper presents some reflections about an approach in work psychology: the Activity Clinic.After a brief introduction to the conceptual background of the “Activity Clinic”, it covers threedeeply interconnected themes. The first concerns the meaning attributed to the development of theaffects present in the work situation under analysis; the second discusses the reasons for theconflicts that are ultimately due to these affects; the third considers how a method of co-analysisof the activity can lead towards transformation of those conflicts.Our reflections refer to the process engendered by this methodological approach as one of“transferential activity”. The paper explains this process by empirically describing the“transport” of affects involved in the conflicts. The personal interpretation of the cause ofproblems gives way to the understanding that they are due to organizational dysfunction ratherthan to individual personalities. Measures can then be taken to break the deadlocks experiencedboth at the personal and collective level.
Personal Trajectories of Participation across Contexts of Social Practice
Authors: Dreier Ole
Published: February 2022

In discussion about basic theoretical approaches in a non-Cartesian psychology several candidates for a key concept were proposed, such as action, activity, relation, dialogue and discourse. None of these concepts, however, sufficiently grounds psychological theories of individual psychology in social practice. To accomplish this we need to conceptualize subjects as participants in structures of ongoing social practice. In this paper I argue why and address issues of subjectivity as encountered by persons in their participation in complex structures of social practice. I introduce the concept of personal conduct of life and life-trajectory as elaborations of my theory. And I discuss this theoretical approach and show what is at stake in developing it by comparing it to similar approaches in the current literature on the person, self, and identity.
Normality and Pathology in a Biological Age
Authors: Rose Nicolas
Published: February 2022

The article is the text of a lecture given at the Faculty of the Humanities, March 2001. It argues that one implication of recent advances in the sciences of life may be that the binary opposition of the normal and the pathological is put into question. Canguilheim’s distinction between vital and social norms is challenged and superseded by a Foucauldian genealogical approach to programs for the government of individuals, and the norms of life that emerged in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are argued to be fundamentally social. Viewing genetics, biopsychiatry, and the commercialisation of drug development and biomedicine, the author argues that the logic of normalisation is loosing its hold, and being replaced by strategies for the continuous molecular management of variation, the modulation of susceptibilities, and the capitalisation of life itself.
Beyond Turn-taking
Authors: Solheim Ivar
Published: February 2022

The article discusses several epistemological and methodological issues related to the analysis of discourse in general and of educational talk in particular. The theoretical framework provided by conversation analysis (CA) is applied and critically discussed in the analysis of an empirical example of educational talk. Several questions seem pertinent: Can we - as analysts - have direct access to talk "as it actually occurs", independent of any kind of theorizing and predefined categorization? What is the epistemological status of the conversation analytic categories? What are the limitations of applying turn-taking as an analytical category in the study of talk? To what extent can we presume the knowledgeability of the interlocutors as a premise in our analysis? On the background of my own attempts at applying CA in the analysis of educational discourse, I argue for a widening of the perspective from a narrow, empiricist focus on conversational turn-takings and sequential organization of talk, for example in the handling of issues like silences and absences in talk. On the other hand, I also warn against the pitfalls of historicist, abstract social theory; here exemplified with some texts from theorists applying abstract philosophical categories from dialectical and historical materialism like "the law of contradiction" as explanatory tools in the study of situated action. In the study of educational meaning making we should avoid empiricist as well as historicist approaches and explanations.
Skin and mucosal manifestations of cancer treatments in Lomé (Togo): A series of 35 cases
Authors: Akakpo Abla Sefako , Ablavi Adani-Ifè Ahoefa Oyenitiniwa , Julienne Noude Téclessou , Kassang Panawe , Mouhari-Toure Abas , Kombaté Koussake , Saka Bayaki , Pitché Palokinam
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to describe the mucocutaneous manifestations of anti-cancer treatments in cancer patients in Lomé (Togo). Patients and Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the oncology department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital and in a private medical clinic in Lomé over 6 months. Results: A total of 35 patients were included with 26 patients (74.3%) receiving either mono or multidrug therapy or 9 (25.7%) receiving radiotherapy. The mean age of the patients was 52±11.36 years with extremes ranging from 24 to 71 years and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.35. The main drugs used during chemotherapy were platinum salts (n=18; 69.2%), antimetabolites (n=15; 61.5%), taxanes (n=9; 34.6), topoisomerase inhibitors (n=7; 26.9%), alkylating agents (n=6; 23.1%). The main mucocutaneous manifestations observed were localized hyperpigmentation (palms and soles, fingertips, tongue) noted in 11 patients (n=42.3%), followed by alopecia observed from the first treatment (n=8; 30.8%), skin xerosis (n=4; 15.4%), and oral involvement (aphthoid lesions, gingivitis), (n=4; 15.4%). Radiodermatitis grade 3, 2 and 1 was noted in 4 patients (44; 4%), 4 other patients (44.4%) and 1 patient (11.2%) respectively. Conclusion: Our study identifies localized hyperpigmentation, alopecia, grade 3 and 2 radiodermatitis as the respective mucocutaneous manifestations of multidrug therapy and radiotherapy in Lomé, Togo.
NIL “Reform” Fails to Address the NCAA’s Biggest Issue
Authors: Southall Richard , Nagel Mark
Published: February 2022

Do college sport stakeholders have the intellectual and moral courage to abandon the familiar and financially successful, but morally bankrupt and exploitative, collegiate model? The NIL "Reform," which effectively fails to address the NCAA's biggest issue, is explored in this article.
Thoughts on the NIL Era: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Magnusen Marshall J.
Published: February 2022

The goal of this special issue is to inspire scholarship and spark conversation about name, image, likeness (NIL) through a variety of “think pieces” from leading researchers. Sport scholars were invited to combine their expertise with creativity to craft compelling papers about NIL and how it may be interpreted through a variety of disciplinary lenses.
Scrofula Presenting as Tubercular Meningitis: A Neglected Sequalae
Authors: Kakde Yogesh Kautikrao , Talwar Dhruv , Bagga Charan Singh , Mahajan Janhavi Nitin , Kumar Sunil
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is a multiorgan disease that can affect any part of the body. Though it is thought to be affecting mainly the pulmonary system, genitourinary TB is a rare but important manifestation of TB. It has been reported in <0.5% of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Amongst instances of genitourinary TB, glandular TB is even scarcer. Maximum patients seek medical intervention later in the progression of ailment due to the attached stigma linked with tuberculosis and in view of affected site and part of the body and the reluctance on the patient’s side. In this case report, a 58-year-old male presented to Medicine Department with the complaint of a non healing wound on the scrotal region with excoriation since one month and irritability with altered sensorium since a week. Ultimately, it turned out to be a case of tubercular meningitis resulting from a neglected scrofula with neck rigidity, Kernig's and Brudzinski's sign positive. Though many case reports involving tubercular meningitis have been reported, a neglected scrofula remains a rare manifestation of tubercular meningitis.
Association of COVID-19 and Endocrine Disorders
Authors: Hathi Deep , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Hulkoti Vidyashree S
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the coronavirus, since its start in Wuhan a city in China has spread like a wild fire and created havoc all over the globe. Initially, the disease was thought to be causing only respiratory complication, but gradually it was found to be causing multiorgan complication. Due to the hypercoagulable property of coronavirus, it has shown neurological, cardiological and endocrine complication. Recently, the effect of the virus on endocrine system has also been noted. Evidence has shown that COVID-19 can hamper the hypothalamo-pituitary axis resulting in altered adrenal response to stress. The immune-mediated damage to the endocrine glands results in subacute thyroiditis. The presence of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptors on various tissues could be the cause of this immune mediated damage. COVID-19 has also precipitated hyperglycaemia and in few cases, uncovered the insulin resistance in previously undiagnosed cases. It is crucial to have knowledge about the impact of endocrine system, as it is the powerhouse of the body.
Pathological Features of Lung in COVID-19 Disease Subjects: A Postmortem Study
Authors: Bokam Bhanu Rekha , Gondi Chetana , Nakka Revanth Kumar
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The current Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered as one of the most serious public health crises which caused more than 1.62 million deaths from October 2020 to November 2020. Acute respiratory failure is leading cause of death followed by sepsis, cardiac failure and hemorrhage. Since the pathological findings are diverse in COVID-19 and majority of studies in literature were by open autopsy; the present study was done using percutaneous core needle biopsy. Postmortem lung biopsies are rather easy and quick to perform and decrease the infective risk caused by full autopsies. This could be an essential tool for diagnosis, surveillance and research. Aim: To study the pathological features of lung in COVID-19 deceased patients by postmortem. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India from October 2020 to November 2020. In present study, postmortem percutaneous core needle biopsies from lung were performed within two hours of death from eight deceased patients who died of COVID-19. Clinical history, inflammatory markers and treatment details were collected from case sheets, biopsy was done, specimen was collected and sent for pathological examination. Data was presented in the descriptive form for each variable. Results: Out of eight cases, five were men and three were women with a mean age of 54.12 years. Majority of patients presented with complaints of shortness of breath and fever. Hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypothyroidism, history of pulmonary tuberculosis were the co-morbidities noticed. Four biopsies presented acute lung injury with hyaline membrane changes, Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD) with hyaline membrane was seen in two cases, squamous metaplasia was seen in two cases and acute lung injury with organising pneumonia was seen in two cases. Conclusion: Postmortem lung biopsies are safe, easy to perform and provide insights of possible undergoing pathology of the disease with regard to clinical presentation.
Effect of Non Incentivised and Incentivised Free COVID-19 Vaccination Camps in Augmentation of State’s Efforts in Achieving Vaccination Targets Necessary for Herd Immunity
Authors: Gupta Meghna , Gupta Vitull Kumar , Kaur Navjot , Singla Pranav , Singla Meenakshi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Most effective way to defeat the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is mass vaccination to achieve herd immunity which requires vaccination of about 80% of the population. Aim: To compare the effect of non incentivised and incentivised free COVID-19 vaccination camps on augmentation of state's efforts in achieving vaccination targets of covering 80% of population. Materials and Methods: Free COVID-19 vaccination camps, both non incentivised (8 days) and incentivised (8 days), were organised in month of June and July, 2021 at a hospital in association with an NGO under the supervision of District Immunisation Officer. The retrospective observational study was done and data of all vaccinations done was compared to document the effect of incentivised free vaccination camp as compared to non incentivised camps. Data was represented as frequency, percentage and Chi-square test was used. Results: Total of 4111 vaccinations were done during the free vaccination camps, including 1406 during non incentivised and 2705 during incentivised camps. During non incentivised camps 1114 people were given 1st dose and 292 were given 2nd dose, while during incentivised camps 2334 people were given 1st dose and 371 were given 2nd dose. Analysis of the data showed that the difference in number of 1st dose and 2nd dose vaccinations done during the incentivised vaccination camps was statistically significantly higher as compared to the number of 1st dose and 2nd dose vaccinations done during non incentivised vaccination camps. Similar results showed that the difference in number of vaccination done among the age groups of 18-44 years and >44 years during the incentivised vaccination camps was statistically significantly higher as compared to the number of vaccination among the age groups of 18-44 years and >44 years done during the non incentivised vaccination camps. Conclusion: The present study documented statistically significantly higher number of 1st dose of vaccinations, 2nd dose of vaccinations, vaccinations among 18-44 years age group and >44 years age group done during incentivised vaccination camps as compared to non incentivised vaccination camps. Results of the present study suggest that incentivised vaccination campaigns should be incorporated as an important component of COVID-19 vaccination campaign strategy to vaccinate enough Indian population and achieve herd immunity for protection from COVID-19 pandemic.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection as a Therapeutic Option in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Caused by a Supernumerary Scalenus Muscle: A Case Report
Authors: Freitas Margarida Mota , Barbosa Alexandre CamÃµes
Published: February 2022

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) is a neurovascular syndrome and may occur as a result of compression of brachial plexus elements and/or subclavian vessels as they traverse the cervicoaxillary canal. One of the causes of TOS is the existence of a supernumerary scalene muscle, usually denominated as scalenus minimus. Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) acts by binding presynaptically to high-affinity recognition sites on the cholinergic nerve terminals and decreases the release of acetylcholine, suppressing muscle overactivity. BoNT-A reduces contraction in injected muscles, causing focal chemodenervation and has been described as a non surgical effective treatment in selected cases of TOS. Here, is the case of a 44-year-old woman diagnosed with refractory TOS, who presented with paresthesia in the fourth and fifth fingers of her right hand, associated with a feeling of lack of coordination in the same hand. On Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a supernumerary scalene muscle was identified as a probable cause of TOS. She was treated with chemodenervation of the scalenus anterior muscle (30 Units) and scalenus medius muscle (30 Units), using incobotulinumtoxin A. The patient had a very significant clinical improvement after Anterior Scalene (AS) and Middle Scalene (MS) muscle BoNT-A injections. Incobotulinumtoxin A neurotoxin injection is a therapeutic option in TOS.
Development of a virtual source model for Monte Carlo‐based independent dose calculation for varian linac
Authors: Castle James R. , Duan Jingwei , Feng Xue , Chen Quan
Published: February 2022

Monte Carlo (MC) independent dose calculations are often based on phase‐space files (PSF), as they can accurately represent particle characteristics. PSF generally are large and create a bottleneck in computation time. In addition, the number of independent particles is limited by the PSF, preventing further reduction of statistical uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a virtual source model (VSM) to address these limitations. Particles from existing PSF for the Varian TrueBeam medical linear accelerator 6X, 6XFFF, 10X, and 10XFFF beam configurations were tallied, analyzed, and used to generate a dual‐source photon VSM that includes electron contamination. The particle density distribution, kinetic energy spectrum, particle direction, and the correlations between characteristics were computed. The VSM models for each beam configuration were validated with water phantom measurements as well as clinical test cases against the original PSF. The new VSM requires 67 MB of disk space for each beam configuration, compared to 50 GB for the PSF from which they are based and effectively remove the bottleneck set by the PSF. At 3% MC uncertainty, the VSM approach reduces the calculation time by a factor of 14 on our server. MC doses obtained using the VSM approach were compared against PSF‐generated doses in clinical test cases and measurements in a water phantom using a gamma index analysis. For all tests, the VSMs were in excellent agreement with PSF doses and measurements (>90% passing voxels between doses and measurements). Results of this study indicate the successful derivation and implementation of a VSM model for Varian Linac that significantly saves computation time without sacrificing accuracy for independent dose calculation.
Realizing High‐Performance BiSbTe Magnetic Flexible Films via Acceleration Movement and Hopping Migration of Carriers
Authors: Chen Yifan , Nie Xiaolei , Sun Congli , Ke Shaoqiu , Xu Wenjie , Zhao Yao , Zhu Wanting , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Qingjie
Published: February 2022

Improving the thermoelectric (TE) performance of Bi2Te3‐based flexible films remains a huge challenge. Herein, high‐performance Ni/epoxy/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 magnetic flexible TE films are prepared by incorporating Ni nanoparticles (Ni‐NPs). Atomic‐resolution STEM investigation demonstrates that Te vacancies induced by the orientation reaction between Ni‐NPs and Te from Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 trigger the presence of negatively charged and anti‐site defects and atomic‐sized electric field in the magnetic flexible TE films and further cause the acceleration movement and hopping migration of carriers. The transport measurements indicate an increased carrier concentration due to the anti‐site defects, while the significant increase of carrier mobility originates from the acceleration movement of carriers. The magnetic scattering and hopping migration of carriers are responsible for maintaining large Seebeck coefficient. As compared to epoxy/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 flexible TE film, the maximum power factor of the magnetic flexible TE film with 0.1% Ni‐NPs reaches 2.74 mW m−1 K−2 at 300 K and increases by 61%, while the cooling temperature difference increases by 250%.
Sweat‐Permeable, Biodegradable, Transparent and Self‐powered Chitosan‐Based Electronic Skin with Ultrathin Elastic Gold Nanofibers
Authors: Peng Xiao , Dong Kai , Zhang Yufei , Wang Lili , Wei Chuanhui , Lv Tianmei , Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Zhiyi
Published: February 2022

The simultaneous achievement of multiple functional attributes, such as flexibility, stretchability, transparency, comfortability, biodegradability, and self‐powered ability into electronic skins (e‐skins) is vital to their long‐term practical applications. Due to the internal contradiction between functional material combination and simple structural design, this kind of multifunctional e‐skin has rarely been fabricated or even reported. To this end, chitosan (CS), a natural material with remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and electron‐donating ability, is integrated with a single‐mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to develop a multifunctional e‐skin, which includes sweat permeability, controllable biodegradability, high transparency, and self‐powered sensing ability. In addition, a facile, efficient, and large‐scale fabrication strategy is proposed to construct stretchable, ultrathin, transparent, and shape‐adaptable gold nanofibers (Au NFs) electrodes. Furthermore, the e‐skin can achieve a voltage response pressure sensitivity of 0.012 kPa−1 in the pressure range of 0–70 kPa and a fast response time of 70 ms. Finally, it shows controllable and excellent degradability in various solutions. It is believed that the proposed e‐skin based on the design and integration of CS and Au NFs will provide a paradigm shift for the next‐generation self‐powered transient electronics.
Effective Mass from Seebeck Coefficient
Authors: Snyder Gerald Jeffrey , Pereyra Alessandro , Gurunathan Ramya
Published: February 2022

Engineering semiconductor devices requires an understanding of the effective mass of electrons and holes. Effective masses have historically been determined in metals at cryogenic temperatures estimated using measurements of the electronic specific heat. Instead, by combining measurements of the Seebeck and Hall effects, a density of states effective mass can be determined in doped semiconductors at room temperature and above. Here, a simple method to calculate the electron effective mass using the Seebeck coefficient and an estimate of the free electron or hole concentration, such as that determined from the Hall effect, is introduced here is the Seebeck effective mass, nH is the charge carrier concentration measured by the Hall effect (nH = 1/eRH, RH is Hall resistance) in 1020 cm−3, T is the absolute temperature in K, S is the Seebeck coefficient, and kB/e = 86.3 μV K−1. This estimate of the effective mass can aid the understanding and engineering of the electronic structure as it is largely independent of scattering and the effects of microstructure (grain boundary resistance). It is particularly helpful in characterizing thermoelectric materials.
Medical Applications of Porous Biomaterials: Features of Porosity and Tissue‐Specific Implications for Biocompatibility
Authors: Hernandez Jamie L. , Woodrow Kim A.
Published: February 2022

Porosity is an important material feature commonly employed in implants and tissue scaffolds. The presence of material voids permits the infiltration of cells, mechanical compliance, and outward diffusion of pharmaceutical agents. Various studies have confirmed that porosity indeed promotes favorable tissue responses, including minimal fibrous encapsulation during the foreign body reaction (FBR). However, increased biofilm formation and calcification is also described to arise due to biomaterial porosity. Additionally, the relevance of host responses like the FBR, infection, calcification, and thrombosis are dependent on tissue location and specific tissue microenvironment. In this review, the features of porous materials and the implications of porosity in the context of medical devices is discussed. Common methods to create porous materials are also discussed, as well as the parameters that are used to tune pore features. Responses toward porous biomaterials are also reviewed, including the various stages of the FBR, hemocompatibility, biofilm formation, and calcification. Finally, these host responses are considered in tissue specific locations including the subcutis, bone, cardiovascular system, brain, eye, and female reproductive tract. The effects of porosity across the various tissues of the body is highlighted and the need to consider the tissue context when engineering biomaterials is emphasized.
Reunderstanding the Reaction Mechanism of Aqueous Zn–Mn Batteries with Sulfate Electrolytes: Role of the Zinc Sulfate Hydroxide
Authors: Chen Hao , Dai Chunlong , Xiao Fangyuan , Yang Qiuju , Cai Shinan , Xu Maowen , Fan Hong Jin , Bao Shu‐Juan
Published: February 2022

Rechargeable aqueous Zn–Mn batteries have garnered extensive attention for next‐generation high‐safety energy storage. However, the charge‐storage chemistry of Zn–Mn batteries remains controversial. Prevailing mechanisms include conversion reaction and cation (de)intercalation in mild acid or neutral electrolytes, and a MnO2/Mn2+ dissolution−deposition reaction in strong acidic electrolytes. Herein, a Zn4SO4·(OH)6·xH2O (ZSH)‐assisted deposition−dissolution model is proposed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and capacity origin in Zn–Mn batteries based on mild acidic sulfate electrolytes. In this new model, the reversible capacity originates from a reversible conversion reaction between ZSH and ZnxMnO(OH)2 nanosheets in which the MnO2 initiates the formation of ZSH but contributes negligibly to the apparent capacity. The role of ZSH in this new model is confirmed by a series of operando characterizations and by constructing Zn batteries using other cathode materials (including ZSH, ZnO, MgO, and CaO). This research may refresh the understanding of the most promising Zn–Mn batteries and guide the design of high‐capacity aqueous Zn batteries.
Optical Modification of 2D Materials: Methods and Applications
Authors: Akkanen Suvi‐Tuuli Marianne , Fernandez Henry Alexander , Sun Zhipei
Published: February 2022

2D materials are under extensive research due to their remarkable properties suitable for various optoelectronic, photonic, and biological applications, yet their conventional fabrication methods are typically harsh and cost‐ineffective. Optical modification is demonstrated as an effective and scalable method for accurate and local in situ engineering and patterning of 2D materials in ambient conditions. This review focuses on the state of the art of optical modification of 2D materials and their applications. Perspectives for future developments in this field are also discussed, including novel laser tools, new optical modification strategies, and their emerging applications in quantum technologies and biotechnologies.
Harmonic Generation in Low‐Dimensional Materials
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Meng Yafei , Shi Yi , Wang Fengqiu
Published: February 2022

Low‐dimensional materials (LDMs) provide an unprecedented avenue having the potential to disruptively revolutionize the information and communication technologies. The rise of nonlinear photonics in LDMs began about in 2009 and has now become an important research direction. While harmonic generation, a widely studied nonlinear optical effect, can be a powerful probe to low‐dimensional physics, it may also find applications in bioimaging, optical signal processing, and novel coherent light sources. In this work, the state‐of‐the‐art advances in harmonic generation are reviewed in a range of emerging LDMs. The criteria of chiral selection rules for the second and third harmonic generations are also provided. In particular, different strategies to tune and enhance harmonic generation in LDMs are discussed, including excitonic effects, interlayer twisting angle, electric field, and cavity resonance among others. It is believed that harmonic generation in LDMs will continue to grow, thus lying the basis for practical applications.
High‐Frequency Ultrasound Boosts Bull and Human Sperm Motility
Authors: Gai Junyang , Dervisevic Esma , Devendran Citsabehsan , Cadarso Victor J. , O'Bryan Moira K. , Nosrati Reza , Neild Adrian
Published: February 2022

Sperm motility is a significant predictor of male fertility potential and is directly linked to fertilization success in both natural and some forms of assisted reproduction. Sperm motility can be impaired by both genetic and environmental factors, with asthenozoospermia being a common clinical presentation. Moreover, in the setting of assisted reproductive technology clinics, there is a distinct absence of effective and noninvasive technology to increase sperm motility without detriment to the sperm cells. Here, a new method is presented to boost sperm motility by increasing the intracellular rate of metabolic activity using high frequency ultrasound. An increase of 34% in curvilinear velocity (VCL), 10% in linearity, and 32% in the number of motile sperm cells is shown by rendering immotile sperm motile, after just 20 s exposure. A similar effect with an increase of 15% in VCL treating human sperm with the same setting is also identified. This cell level mechanotherapy approach causes no significant change in cell viability or DNA fragmentation index, and, as such, has the potential to be applied to encourage natural fertilization or less invasive treatment choices such as in vitro fertilization rather than intracytoplasmic injection.
An All‐Fluorinated Electrolyte Toward High Voltage and Long Cycle Performance Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Yanjun , Dong Shuyu , Zhou Wenchong , Lee Pui‐Kit , Peng Zehua , Dang Chaoqun , Sit Patrick H.‐L. , Guo Junpo , Yu Denis Y. W.
Published: February 2022

The dual‐ion battery (DIB) is a promising energy storage system that demonstrates high‐power characteristics and fast‐charging capability. However, conventional electrolytes are not compatible with the high‐voltage graphite cathode and the reactive Li metal anode, thus leading to the poor cycle stability and low Coulombic efficiency of the DIB. Here, an all‐fluorinated electrolyte is reported that can enable a highly stable operation of the graphite||Li DIB up to 5.2 V by forming robust and less‐resistive passivation films on both electrodes to reduce side reactions. The electrolyte allows reversible PF6– anion insertion/extraction and Li+ cation plating/stripping in the graphite||Li battery, achieving stable cycling with 94.5% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 500 mA g–1, high capacity utilization of 91.8% of the available charge capacity at 50 C (5000 mA g–1), and also minimal self‐discharge. At a low temperature of 0 °C, this all‐fluorinated electrolyte exhibits 97.8% of the room temperature reversible capacity, along with ≈100% capacity retention after more than 3000 cycles, at 5 C. This work sheds a new light on the development of fluorinated electrolytes for high voltage and long‐lasting DIBs.
Heterosis and inheritance studies on morphological and chemical characters of tobacco
Authors: Kinay Ahmet , Kurt Dursun
Published: February 2022

Hybrid breeding provides excellent convenience in obtaining products that meet the demands of producers and the market. This study aimed to develop new hybrid tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) varieties that meet the demands of tobacco producers and buyers to provide continuity in homogenous products and genetically to determine the effects of parameters investigated. In this study, five parents (OZE S2 [P1], OZE S1 [P2], Katerini [P3], Prilep [P4], and Bozcakaldere [P5]) with different characters and 10 hybrid genotypes obtained from the five parents were tested in five different locations in Aktekke in 2018, and Aktekke, Kelikler, Seyhulas, and Huseyinbeyli in 2019. The morphological and chemical parameters of genotypes were significantly (p < .05 and p < .01) different from each other. The average leaf width, leaf length, nicotine content, yield, and phenolic contents of the hybrids were higher than those of the parents (respectively hybrids and parents; 17.2–15.3 cm, 29.6–27.1 cm, 0.81–0.72%, 1,982–1,720 kg ha–1, 9.30–8.26 g kg–1). The results can be attributed to the slight influence of environmental factors and the high performance of hybrids. The results showed that especially the effect of leaf width on yield is higher than the leaf length and number of leaves, and the leaf is more important in terms of heredity. In addition, the results revealed that the nicotine ratio could be used as the primary selection criteria and the reducing sugar ratio as the main selection criteria for the next generations. Tobacco yield and quality grade index of P1×P3, P1×P4, and P1×P5 hybrids (respectively 2,030, 2,050, 2,060 kg ha–1 and 56, 52, 55%) were higher compared with the other hybrids.
Infrared temperature measurements and DEM simulations of heat transfer in a bladed mixer
Authors: Hartmanshenn Clara , Chaksmithanont Prin , Leung Carlin , Ghare Digvijay V. , Chakraborty Nabaneeta , Patel Sagar , Halota Madeline , Khinast Johannes G. , Papageorgiou Charles D. , Mitchell Chris , Quon Justin L. , Glasser Benjamin J.
Published: February 2022

An understanding of heat transfer in a bladed mixer is important for drying of pharmaceutical drug crystals. This study presents thermal imaging experiments of the particle bed surface in a bladed mixer to investigate how the impeller speed influences the rate and the uniformity of heat transfer. Next, the process is simulated using the discrete element method. The bed thermal properties are lumped into an effective thermal conductivity, that is calibrated for one impeller speed. The experiments and the simulations show the same trends and generally agree well for all agitated beds. However, to obtain good agreement of the rate of heat transfer between the simulations and experiments in a static bed, we need to adopt a higher thermal conductivity than for the agitated beds. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for the design of operating protocols.
Expanding the phenotype of HNRNPU‐related neurodevelopmental disorder with emphasis on seizure phenotype and review of literature
Authors: Taylor James , Spiller Michael , Ranguin Kara , Vitobello Antonio , Philippe Christophe , Bruel Ange‐Line , Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Willems Marjolaine , Isidor Bertrand , Park Kristen , Balasubramanian Meena
Published: February 2022

Pathogenic variants in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) results in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder recently delineated. Here, we report on 17 previously unpublished patients carrying HNRNPU pathogenic variants. All patients were found to harbor de novo loss‐of‐function variants except for one individual where the inheritance could not be determined, as a parent was unavailable for testing. All patients had seizures which started in early childhood, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. In addition, hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities (such as autistic features, aggression, anxiety, and obsessive–compulsive behaviors), and cardiac (septal defects) and/or brain abnormalities (ventriculomegaly and corpus callosum thinning/agenesis) were frequently observed. We have noted four recurrent variants in the literature (c.1089G>A p.(Trp363*), c.706_707del p.(Glu236Thrfs*6), c.847_857del p.(Phe283Serfs*5), and c.1681dels p.(Gln561Serfs*45)).
Iodine‐DMSO‐Promoted Oxygenation of Indoles: Synthesis of Isatin and Isoindigo
Authors: Rastogi Gaurav K. , Deka Bhaskar , Deb Mohit L. , Baruah Pranjal K.
Published: February 2022

Oxygenation/oxidative self‐coupling of indole are performed to obtain isatin and isoindigo in the absence of metal catalysts. Iodine‐DMSO is used to synthesize isatin whereas Iodine‐DMSO‐K2S2O8 combination is used for isoindigo synthesis directly from indole in a single step. Though several methods are known for isatin synthesis from indole, most of them use large quantity of oxidants or metal catalyzed. Moreover, the primary existing process for the synthesis of isoindigo is the condensation of isatin and oxindole in the presence of an acid catalyst. But this method provides isoindigo derivatives directly from indoles. A plausible mechanism is also proposed based on the various control experiments which indicate that both the reactions proceed via radical route. It is also observed that oxygen atoms of isatin and isoindigo come from water molecule and DMSO.
Purine Nucleosides with a Reactive (β‐Iodovinyl)sulfone or a (β‐Keto)sulfone Group at the C8 Position and Their Polymerase‐Catalyzed Incorporation into DNA
Authors: Howlader Hasan , Suzol Sazzad H. , Blanco Kevin , Martin‐Rafa Lilian , Laverde Eduardo E. , Liu Yuan , Wnuk Stanislaw F.
Published: February 2022

Iodosulfonylation of an ethynyl group attached at C8‐position of 2′‐deoxyadenosine or 2′‐deoxyguanosine A with TsNa or TsNHNH2, as tosyl source, and I2 or KI, as iodide source, provided 8‐(1‐iodo‐2‐tosylvinyl) nucleosides B with (β‐iodovinyl)sulfone group tethered to C8 position of the purine ring. Treatment of B with ammonia followed by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the intermediary β‐sulfonylvinylamines C gave 8‐(β‐keto)sulfones D. The iodovinylsulfone probes B undergo nucleophilic substitution of iodide with thiols or amines, via an addition‐elimination path, to provide vinyl thioethers or vinyl amines, respectively. The 8‐(β‐keto)sulfone probes D react with electrophiles such as alkyl bromides resulting in α‐alkylation. The 5′‐triphosphate of 2′‐deoxyadenosine analog of D was incorporated by a human DNA polymerase into a double‐stranded DNA oligonucleotide possessing a one‐nucleotide gap substrate.
Self‐Propelled Multifunctional Microrobots Harboring Chiral Supramolecular Selectors for “Enantiorecognition‐on‐the‐Fly”
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Urso Mario , Pumera Martin
Published: February 2022

Herein, a general procedure for the synthesis of multifunctional MRs, which simultaneously exhibit i) chiral, ii) magnetic, and iii) fluorescent properties in combination with iv) self‐propulsion, is reported. Self‐propelled Ni@Pt superparamagnetic microrockets have been functionalized with fluorescent CdS quantum dots carrying a chiral host biomolecule as β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The “on‐the‐fly” chiral recognition potential of MRs has been interrogated by taking advantage of the β‐CD affinity to supramolecularly accommodate different chiral biomolecules (i.e., amino acids). As a proof‐of‐concept, tryptophan enantiomers have been discriminated with a dual‐mode (optical and electrochemical) readout. This approach paves the way to devise intelligent cargo micromachines with “built‐in” chiral supramolecular recognition capabilities to elucidate the concept of “enantiorecognition‐on‐the‐fly”, which might be facilely customized by tailoring the supramolecular host–guest encapsulation.
Synthesis of Distorted Nitrogen‐Doped Nanographenes by Partially Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Varghese Eldhose V. , Gao Chen‐Feng , Chang Yu‐Lun , Chen Hsing‐Yin , Chen Chia‐Hsiang
Published: February 2022

A series of partially fused N‐doped nanographenes (2–4) are synthesized via the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of oligoaryl‐substituted dibenzo[e,l]pyrene (1), and five, six, and seven new C−C bonds are formed, respectively, implying stepwise C−C bond fusion and extended π‐conjugation. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of compound 4 a revealed that the presence of sterically demanding groups hindered the formation of planar and fully fused nanographene in the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reaction step. Optical study of compounds 2 to 4 showed that extended π‐conjugation leads to a regular stepwise bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission spectra. Furthermore, the HOMO–LUMO gaps of these compounds exhibit a decrease as C−C bond formation proceeds. Thus, the optoelectronic properties of nanographenes are highly dependent on the formation of new C−C bonds in the molecular skeleton.
Death or rebirth? How small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises respond to responsible investment
Authors: Sun Junxiu , Wang Feng , Yin Haitao , Zhao Rui
Published: February 2022

This study examines how nonlisted small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) respond to the financial constraints imposed by responsible investment policies. We examined how SMEs' operational and environmental behaviors changed following China's Green Credit Policy, combining a synthetic control method with a triple difference‐in‐differences approach. We found that SMEs were likely to exit the market following the Green Credit Policy; however, the surviving SMEs significantly decreased their pollution. We also discovered that foreign firms and firms that received government subsidies were less susceptible to the policy and that the internal cash flow reserves of larger firms hardly changed, while that of SMEs significantly decreased after the policy. This indicates that for some SMEs with relatively poor environmental performance, there is not so much a lack of sufficient financing but rather the absence of strong incentives to change. Thus, financing constraints can stimulate a strong incentive to improve firms' environmental performance.
Salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab after prior anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Yuanquan , Mori Sherry V. , Li Mingjia , Hinkley Megan , Parikh Anish B. , Collier Katharine A. , Miah Abdul , Yin Ming
Published: February 2022

Background

Salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab after prior anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy is frequently used off‐label for clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, limited data are available to guide such therapy. We performed a meta‐analysis to characterize further the safety and efficacy of salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA. Studies of salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with mRCC published in English before June 1, 2021 were included. We also included patients treated at the Ohio State University from 2012 to 2020 through a retrospective chart review. The included studies were further stratified into adaptive and standard groups based on their designs. We calculated objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs) via pooled data and quantitative synthesis using the Stata metaprop procedure. A conservative random effect model was used to combine values.

Results

A total of 7 studies and 310 patients were included. Salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab had an ORR of 14% (95% CI, 0.09–0.21) and median progression‐free survival ranged between 3.7 and 5.5 months. Four out of the seven studies were standard design, whereas the other three studies were adaptive. The ORR was numerically higher in the standard group compared with the adaptive group (21% and 9–10%, respectively). The responses to salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab did not correlate with the initial anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 responses (odds ratio = 1.45; p = 0.5). Grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 26% of the patients (95% CI, 0.19–0.33). There were no new safety signals observed in this study.

Conclusion

Salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab demonstrated moderate antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with mRCC who had prior anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy.

Implication for Practice

Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have limited treatment options after progressive disease on anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy. The role of salvage nivolumab and ipilimumab in this patient population is poorly defined. The studies on this highly important and clinically relevant topic are limited by small sample sizes. The results from our meta‐analysis suggest that nivolumab and ipilimumab are feasible in the salvage setting with moderate efficacy and acceptable toxicity profile. The response rates differ with different treatment designs. This information will be beneficial to guide clinical decision‐making and accurately estimating toxicity.
Adverse childhood experiences and potential pathways to filicide perpetration: A systematic search and review
Authors: Frederick John , Devaney John , Alisic Eva
Published: February 2022

Filicides, where children are killed by their parents or stepparents, are uncommon occurrences, which are committed by both paternal and maternal perpetrators. The aim of this paper is to explore to what extent the antecedents of filicides can be traced back to one of the factors identified within the literature – the adverse childhood experiences of the perpetrators – and what this might mean for the way that services seek to intervene to safeguard and support children in precarious situations. Systematic searches were used to retrieve relevant articles in six electronic databases: AMED, CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO and SCOPUS. Key findings were that numerous studies reported significant levels of complex, multiple and sustained experiences of childhood adversity for many perpetrators, and that various potential pathways to filicide perpetration may emanate from such experiences. This review suggests that evidence‐based interventions should be made readily available early in life to persons experiencing adverse childhood experiences, together with supportive services to those who become parents and carers. Such support may help prevent the compounding of adversity over time, thereby reducing the potential for risk of harm and possible tragic outcomes for their dependent children.

Key Practitioner Messages

Evidence‐based interventions should be made readily available early in life to persons experiencing adverse childhood experiences, together with supportive services to those who become parents and carers.

Interventions need to provide early help to children whilst also incorporating a long‐term view of support.

Attention to planning and co‐ordination issues between varied services and practitioners can help overcome fragmentation, duplication and gaps in services.