bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A size‐based stock assessment model for invasive blue catfish in a Chesapeake Bay sub‐estuary during 2001–2016
Authors: Hilling Corbin D. , Jiao Yan , Fabrizio Mary C. , Angermeier Paul L. , Bunch Aaron J. , Orth Donald J.
Published: November 2022

Stock assessment modeling provides a means to estimate the population dynamics of invasive fishes and may do so despite data limitations. Blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) were introduced to the Chesapeake Bay watershed to support recreational fisheries but also consume species of conservation need and economic importance. To assess management tradeoffs, managers need to understand the current status of the population and anticipate future population abundance and trends. A Bayesian size‐based stock assessment model was used to estimate blue catfish abundance, fishing mortality, and size structure over time (2001–2016) in the tidal James River. The model estimated population size increases until around 2006, with declines in total abundance after 2011 and large blue catfish (≥80 cm total length) after 2001. These first estimates of blue catfish population dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay region provide inputs for projection models to evaluate prospective management actions and identify monitoring needs.
Revisiting MODFLOW's Capability to Model Flow Through Sedimentary Structures
Authors: Bardot Kerry , Lesueur Martin , Siade Adam J. , McCallum James L.
Published: November 2022

Sedimentary structures have unique geometries and anisotropic hydraulic conductivity, both of which control groundwater flow. Traditional finite‐difference simulators (e.g., MODFLOW) have not been able to correctly represent irregular, dipping and anisotropic structures due their use of a simplified conductivity tensor, causing many modelers to turn toward finite‐element codes with their sophisticated meshing capabilities. However, the release of MODFLOW 6 with its flexible discretization and multipoint flux approximation scheme prompts us to revisit its capability to compute flow through complex sedimentary structures. Through the use of a novel benchmark and case study, we show that when versions previous to MODFLOW 6 are applied to dipping structures, modeled fluxes and hence flow through the system, can be significantly over or underestimated. For example, effective conductivity for a 30° dipping layer with a 100:1 conductivity ratio is reduced to only 2% of its inputted value. We show that MODFLOW 6, with its XT3D capability and flexible discretization options is far superior to its predecessors, allowing flow through complex sedimentary structures to be simulated more accurately. However, on vertically offset grids, which have been available in all versions of MODFLOW and are often used in practice, loss of accuracy is still a concern when the vertical offset is large, that is, the dip of the sedimentary layer is steep, particularly if the layer is much more conductive than the surrounding material. The hypothesis that vertically offset grids lack sufficient hydraulic connectivity between adjacent model layers to accurately simulate the steeply dipping, highly heterogeneous case is a topic for further investigation.
Children, young people and parent engagement in health intervention design and implementation: A scoping review
Authors: Crowther Daniel , McCulloch Holly , Wong Helen , Mackay Rebecca , Johnson Catie , Chorney Jill , Ritchie Krista , Lawrence Logan , Bishop Andrea , Helwig Melissa , Curran Janet
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Engaging children and young people (CYP) with and without their parents in health research has the potential to improve the development and implementation of health interventions. However, to our knowledge, the scope of engagement activities used with this population and barriers to their engagement is unknown. The objective of this review was to identify and describe CYP engagement with and without their parents in the development and/or implementation of health interventions.

Methods

This scoping review included any primary research studies reporting on engaging CYP, with or without parents, in the design and/or implementation of health interventions. Healthcare professionals had to be involved over the course of the study and the study had to take place in either community, primary or tertiary care settings. The following databases were searched in May 2017, May 2020 and June 2021: Medline (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCO) and Embase (Elsevier). Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full‐text articles and used a previously piloted extraction form to extract and summarize information from the included articles.

Results

Twenty‐eight articles discussing twenty‐four studies were included. CYP engagement throughout the research cycle was limited. There were no observed differences in the reported presence of engagement, types of interventions or outcomes of engagement between studies engaging CYP or CYP and parents. Studies engaging CYP and parents contained limited information on how these relationships affected outcomes of engagement. Engagement was enabled primarily by the maintenance of resources and relationships among stakeholders.

Conclusions

Although CYP engagement often influenced health intervention and implementation design, they are inconsistently engaged across the research cycle. It is unclear whether parental involvement enhances CYP engagement. Future research should consider reporting guidelines to clarify the level of CYP and/or parent engagement, and enhance CYP engagement by fostering synergistic and sustainable partnerships with key stakeholders.

Patient or Public Contribution

A parent partner with codesign experience contributed to the creation of the research questions, screened titles, abstracts and full texts, helped with data extraction and provided feedback on the manuscript.
Comparing an in‐person workshop and a postal Delphi survey for involving health service users in health care and health research prioritization
Authors: Baumann Lisa Ann , Brütt Anna L.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

To involve health service users in health care and health research priority setting, different methods exist. Which method is most suitable under which circumstances is unknown. We compared a postal Delphi survey and an in‐person workshop to involve health service users in priority settings for rehabilitative care and research in Germany.

Methods

One hundred and eighty‐four former rehabilitants were randomly assigned to a postal Delphi survey (n = 152) or an in‐person workshop (n = 32). Two hundred and seventy‐six employees in rehabilitation were also invited to the Delphi Survey. The methodological comparison refers only to the sample of rehabilitants. Within each method, the participants agreed on the top 10 priorities for practice improvement and research in rehabilitative care. The priorities were compared descriptively. Participants' satisfaction was measured with the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool. The usability of both methods was compared based on the effort, time and material costs required for implementation.

Results

Seventy‐five former rehabilitants and 41 employees in rehabilitation completed both Delphi survey rounds. Eleven former rehabilitants participated in the in‐person workshop. Priorities for practice improvement showed a high degree of overlap between both methods whereas research priorities differed greatly. Participants of the in‐person workshop felt significantly better prepared, more listened to and more likely to feel that different views on the topics were discussed. Participants of the Delphi survey expressed difficulties in understanding all survey questions. The Delphi survey was more elaborate in preparation and implementation but caused lower material costs.

Conclusion

The differences in research priorities between the two methods could be due to the different samples, differences in the individual interests of participants or differences in the prioritization process. In‐person workshops seem to be more appropriate for complex topics, where clarifications of questions and deeper discussions are needed. Delphi surveys seem to be more suitable for easily understandable topics, larger sample sizes and when fewer financial resources are available.

Patient or Public Contribution

The different study phases were supported by employees in rehabilitation and former rehabilitants (e.g., developing study documents, and interpreting results).
Developing a Health Literacy Scale for adults in Hong Kong: A modified e‐Delphi study with healthcare consumers and providers
Authors: Tian Cindy Yue , Wong Eliza Lai‐Yi , Xu Richard H. , Cheung Annie Wai‐Ling , Dong Dong , Mo Phoenix K.‐H.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Health literacy (HL) refers to individuals' abilities to process and use health information to promote health. This study aimed to develop the first HL measurement tool for the Chinese Hong Kong population.

Methods

A two‐phase methodology was adopted. InPhase I, evidence synthesis with a deductive method was conducted to formulate the item list from the literature. InPhase II, a modified e‐Delphi survey was conducted among stakeholders (i.e., healthcare providers and healthcare consumers) to confirm the content validity of the item list. The stakeholders were invited to rate the relevance of each draft item on a 4‐point scale and provide suggestions for revisions, removal or adding new items.

Results

InPhase I, a total of 34 items covering functional, interactive and critical HL were generated. InPhase II, to obtain a balanced view from experts and laypeople, healthcare professionals (n = 12) and consumers (n = 12) were invited to participate in the Delphi panel. The response rates of the three rounds were 100%. After the third round, the consensus was reached for 31 items, and no further comments for adding or revising items were received. All items exhibited excellent content validity (item content validity index: 0.79–1.00;K*: 0.74–1.00).

Conclusions

A Health Literacy Scale for Hong Kong was developed. Compared with existing HL scales, the scale fully operationalized the skills involved in functional, interactive and critical HL. The Delphi study shows evidence supporting the high content validity of all items in the scale. In future studies, these items should undergo rigorous testing to examine their psychometric properties in our target population groups. By illuminating the details in the development process, this paper provides a deeper understanding of the scale's scope and limitations for others who are interested in using this tool.

Patient or Public Contribution

Public as healthcare consumers, in addition to healthcare providers, were involved in developing a new HL scale for this study. The input from the public contributed to examining the scale's content validity by judging whether all items reflected the skills that they need to find and use health‐related information in their daily life.
Trauma‐informed patient and public‐engaged research: Development and evaluation of an online training programme
Authors: Gum Amber M. , Goldsworthy Mary , Guerra Lucy , Salloum Alison , Grau Meredith , Gottstein Sheri , Horvath Carol , Fields Annanora , Crowder Johnny , Holley Robb , Ruth Leigh J. , Hanna Karim
Published: November 2022

Introduction

As patients, members of the public, and professional stakeholders engage in co‐producing health‐related research, an important issue to consider is trauma. Trauma is very common and associated with a wide range of physical and behavioural health conditions. Thus, it may benefit research partnerships to consider its impact on their stakeholders as well as its relevance to the health condition under study. The aims of this article are to describe the development and evaluation of a training programme that applied principles of trauma‐informed care (TIC) to patient‐ and public‐engaged research.

Methods

A research partnership focused on addressing trauma in primary care patients (‘myPATH’) explicitly incorporated TIC into its formation, governance document and collaborative processes, and developed and evaluated a free 3‐credit continuing education online training. The training was presented by 11 partners (5 professionals, 6 patients) and included academic content and lived experiences.

Results

Training participants (N = 46) positively rated achievement of learning objectives and speakers' performance (ranging from 4.39 to 4.74 on a 5‐point scale). The most salient themes from open‐ended comments were that training was informative (n = 12) and that lived experiences shared by patient partners were impactful (n = 10). Suggestions were primarily technical or logistical.

Conclusion

This preliminary evaluation indicates that it is possible to incorporate TIC principles into a research partnership's collaborative processes and training about these topics is well‐received. Learning about trauma and TIC may benefit research partnerships that involve patients and public stakeholders studying a wide range of health conditions, potentially improving how stakeholders engage in co‐producing research as well as producing research that addresses how trauma relates to their health condition under study.

Patient or Public Contribution

The myPATH Partnership includes 22 individuals with professional and lived experiences related to trauma (https://www.usf.edu/cbcs/mhlp/centers/mypath/); nine partners were engaged due to personal experiences with trauma; other partners are community‐based providers and researchers. All partners contributed ideas that led to trauma‐informed research strategies and training. Eleven partners (5 professionals, 6 patients) presented the training, and 12 partners (8 professionals, 4 patients) contributed to this article and chose to be named as authors.
Self‐harm in secure settings: Exploring the lived experiences of people who self‐harm in secure hospitals
Authors: Dake Andy , Murphy Neil , McAndrew Sue
Published: November 2022

Globally, an increasing number of people who Self‐Harm (SH) are being treated in mental health hospitals. Incidences of SH are common in secure hospitals, with those using the behaviour being highly dependent on staff for care and support but impacting on often limited resources. While literature related to the lived experiences of people who SH exists, this is in its infancy in African countries. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of people who SH in two secure mental health hospitals in Ghana. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore the experiences of people who SH in two secure mental hospitals in Ghana. A convenience sample of nine participants were recruited and face‐to‐face in‐depth semi structured interviews were used to collect data. With the permission of each participant, all interviews were audio recorded and notes were made by the researcher (first author). Each interview was transcribed and analysed using the IPA seven‐step approach, with three superordinate and 11 subordinate themes being identified. The superordinate themes were: Being let down; Living with the negative self; Forces of the supernatural and religion. Findings demonstrate that there is a need to develop a collaborative health care package if appropriate care and support is to be offered to people in secure settings who use high‐risk behaviours, such as SH. To ensure care is holistic, culturally, and temporally relevant research is needed, particularly in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Effect of cefuroxime intracameral injection antibiotic prophylactic on postoperative endophthalmitis wound post‐cataract: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Yun , Dong Hongming
Published: November 2022

To assess the impact of cefuroxime injection of intracameral prophylaxis antibiotic on after endophthalmitis operative wound following surgery of cataract, we conducted a meta‐analysis. A thorough review of the literature up to July 2022 revealed that there were 1 167 197 participants with surgery of cataract at the start of the research; 1 004 425 of these subjects received an injection of intracameral of cefuroxime, while 162 772 did not get an antibiotic as a control. Using dichotomous approaches and a random or fixed‐effect model, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the impact of cefuroxime injection of intracameral prophylaxis antibiotic on after endophthalmitis operative wound following surgery of cataract. When comparing no antibiotic in participants who had surgery of cataract, the cefuroxime injection of intracameral significantly reduced the after endophthalmitis operative wound (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07–0.29, P = 0.001) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 95%). When comparing participants who received no antibiotic after surgery of cataract, the after endophthalmitis operative wound from the cefuroxime injection of intracameral was considerably lower. Although none of the 22 studies encompassed in the meta‐analysis had a study with a small sample size, it is nevertheless advisable to proceed with caution when analysing the results.
Beliefs about human nature moderate the association between religious fundamentalism and hate: The case of Muslims in Indonesia
Authors: Putra Idhamsyah E. , Mashuri Ali , Nurhamida Yuni , Halperin Eran
Published: November 2022

The paper addresses the issue of the paradoxical impact on religious fundamentalism within intergroup relations. In particular, the present study tested how the presence of beliefs of human nature as good (vs. evil) could serve as a moderating factor on the association between religious fundamentalism and outgroup hate. The results from two correlational studies with Muslim participants (a majority group) targeting two outgroup minorities, (non‐Muslim) Chinese Indonesians (Study 1;N = 400) and Christians (Study 2;N = 183) showed that the positive association between religious fundamentalism and hate was attenuated when people believed that human nature is good instead of evil. Same pattern of results was obtained using an experimental design (Study 3,N = 154) from Muslim participants targeting Chinese Indonesians. The findings indicate a promising sign for a way to suppress the influence of religious fundamentalism on outgroup hate.
Effectiveness of aggression management training (AMT) on self‐esteem, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior among adolescents residing in delinquent homes—A feasibility study from east India
Authors: Srinivasan P. , Rentala Sreevani , Kumar Pragya
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This feasibility study examined the aggression management training (AMT) interventions on self‐esteem, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior among adolescents residing in delinquent or observation homes.

Methods

A quantitative research approach with the quasi‐experimental nonequivalent control group (comparison) pretest and Posttest design was adopted. A total of 32 male adolescents (16 each in experimental and comparison groups) residing in two different observation homes in the state of Bihar, India were selected by convenience sampling technique. The study evaluated the following outcome measures: self‐esteem, impulsivity, and aggressive behavior for both groups at baseline and 1 month. AMT was administered to the experimental group bi‐weekly for 4 weeks covering four components in 8 sessions.

Results

We analysed the data with independent and paired t‐tests for between and within the group differences, and Pearson correlation for a relationship. AMT intervention improved self‐esteem and reduced aggressive behavior and impulsivity among adolescents residing in delinquent homes. A correlation was found between aggression and impulsivity, and between self‐esteem and impulsivity.

Psychiatric nursing Implications

The study had provided initial evidence for practice that can help psychiatric nurses significantly implement these types of interventions among significant, vulnerable, and ignored groups of adolescents detained in observation homes to prevent the occurrence of repeat offenses.
Influence of healing time on the outcomes of alveolar ridge preservation using a collagenated bovine bone xenograft: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Weber Holly A. , Garaicoa‐Pazmino Carlos , Barwacz Christopher , Kalleme Marisa , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Aim

To evaluate the healing outcomes in non‐molar post‐extraction sockets filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral with collagen (DBBM‐C) as a function of time.

Materials and Methods

Patients in need of non‐molar tooth extraction were randomly allocated into one of three groups according to the total healing time (A—3 months; B—6 months; C—9 months). The effect of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) therapy via socket filling using DBBM‐C and socket sealing with a porcine collagen matrix (CM) was assessed based on a panel of clinical, digital, histomorphometric, implant‐related, and patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

A total of 42 patients completed the study (n = 14 in each group). Histomorphometric analysis of bone core biopsies obtained at the time of implant placement showed a continuous increase in the proportion of mineralized tissue with respect to non‐mineralized tissue, and a decrease in the proportion of remaining xenograft material over time. All volumetric bone and soft tissue contour assessments revealed a dimensional reduction of the alveolar ridge overtime affecting mainly the facial aspect. Linear regression analyses indicated that baseline buccal bone thickness is a strong predictor of bone and soft tissue modelling. Ancillary bone augmentation at the time of implant placement was needed in 16.7% of the sites (A:2; B:1; C:4). Patient‐reported discomfort and wound healing index scores progressively decreased over time and was similar across groups.

Conclusions

Healing time influences the proportion of tissue compartments in non‐molar post‐extraction sites filled with DBBM‐C and sealed with a CM. A variable degree of alveolar ridge atrophy, affecting mainly the facial aspect, occurs even after performing ARP therapy. These changes are more pronounced in sites exhibiting thin facial bone (≤1 mm) at baseline (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03659617).
Increased oxidative stress caused by impaired mitophagy aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in diabetic mice
Authors: Zhijun Kong , Xudong Zhang , Baoqiang Wu , Chunfu Zhu , Qiang Yu , Yuan Gao , Xihu Qin
Published: November 2022

Aims/Introduction

Emerging evidence has suggested the detrimental role of oxidative stress in aggravating ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic livers. Interplay between oxidative stress and mitophagy has been shown. However, the role and mechanism of mitophagy in regulating oxidative stress and IR injury in diabetic livers remain unclear.

Materials and Methods

Wild‐type anddb/db(DB) mice were subjected to a partial warm liver IR model. Liver injury, oxidative stress, mitophagy and related molecular pathways were analyzed.

Results

Here, we found that increased liver IR injury was observed in DB mice, as evidenced by higher levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate, worsened liver architecture damage and more hepatocellular death. DB mice also showed increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenge alleviated liver IR injury in DB mice. Mechanistic analysis showed that 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase‐mediated mitophagy was suppressed in DB mice post‐IR. Pharmacological activation of 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase by its agonist effectively restored mitophagy activation, leading to decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress and attenuated liver IR injury in DB mice.

Conclusions

Our findings showed that diabetes increased oxidative stress to exacerbate liver IR injury by impairing 5′ adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase‐mediated mitophagy. Strategies targeting oxidative stress and mitophagy might provide a promising approach to ameliorate liver IR injury in diabetes patients.
Value of machine learning algorithms for predicting diabetes risk: A subset analysis from a real‐world retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mao Yaqian , Zhu Zheng , Pan Shuyao , Lin Wei , Liang Jixing , Huang Huibin , Li Liantao , Wen Junping , Chen Gang
Published: November 2022

Aims/Introduction

To compare the application value of different machine learning (ML) algorithms for diabetes risk prediction.

Materials and Methods

This is a 3‐year retrospective cohort study with a total of 3,687 participants being included in the data analysis. Modeling variable screening and predictive model building were carried out using logistic regression (LR) analysis and 10‐fold cross‐validation, respectively. In total, six different ML algorithms, including random forests, light gradient boosting machine, extreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), multi‐layer perceptrons and gaussian naive bayes were used for model construction. Model performance was mainly evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The best performing ML model was selected for comparison with the traditional LR model and visualized using Shapley additive explanations.

Results

A total of eight risk factors most associated with the development of diabetes were identified by univariate and multivariate LR analysis, and they were visualized in the form of a nomogram. Among the six different ML models, the random forests model had the best predictive performance. After 10‐fold cross‐validation, its optimal model has an area under the receiver operating characteristic value of 0.855 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.823–0.886) in the training set and 0.835 (95% CI 0.779–0.892) in the test set. In the traditional LR model, its area under the receiver operating characteristic value is 0.840 (95% CI 0.814–0.866) in the training set and 0.834 (95% CI 0.785–0.884) in the test set.

Conclusions

In the real‐world epidemiological research, the combination of traditional variable screening and ML algorithm to construct a diabetes risk prediction model has satisfactory clinical application value.
Substitution of cocoa powder with hazelnut skin powder in cocoa hazelnut spreads
Authors: Şahin Sümeyye , Özata Amine Beyza
Published: November 2022

In this study, the potential of hazelnut skin powder (HSP) as a cocoa powder (CP) substitute in the production of cocoa hazelnut spreads was evaluated. CP was replaced with HSP at the ratio of 15%, 30%, and 45% by weight in novel formulations. Free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), fatty acid composition, instrumental color and textural properties, sensory attributes, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and microbial load of the final products were investigated after 30, 60, 90, 180, and 270 days of storage. FFA and PV of cocoa hazelnut spreads significantly increased during storage (p < .05). Palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid were determined as predominant fatty acids in the new cocoa hazelnut spreads. The cocoa hazelnut spreads with HSP were generally preferred by panelists, and the highest overall acceptability was observed in the cocoa hazelnut spread with 15% HSP. In addition, the substitution of CP with HSP significantly increased TPC, while it did not affect AC.

Practical applications

Substitution of the cocoa powder with hazelnut skin powder enhanced the textural and sensory properties of the cocoa hazelnut spreads. In addition, a healthier product containing more phenolics can be produced by partially replacing cocoa powder with hazelnut skin powder. The use of hazelnut skin powder as cocoa powder substitute could provide cost reduction in the production of cocoa hazelnut spread and contribute to zero waste in the industry.
Changes in physico‐chemical attributes and reaction kinetics of Palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) sap stored under ambient and refrigerated temperature during fermentation
Authors: Sarma Chayanika , Kalakandan Suresh Kumar , Mummaleti Gopinath , Thamburaj Suman
Published: November 2022

The change in physicochemical properties of palmyra sap and fermentation kinetics on storage at different storage conditions need to be studied in order to understand the stability of sap and to develop an efficient technique for improving the shelf‐life of palmyra sap. The objective of this current study was to explore the changes in physico‐chemical properties of palmyra sap during ambient (30 ± 2°C) and refrigerated (7 ± 1°C) storage. The palmyra sap collected was bottled and stored, and changes in physicochemical properties were studied every 10 h. The sucrose, glucose, and fructose content of fresh sap was observed to be 14.22 ± 0.14, 1.41 ± 0.01, and 0.52 ± 0.02 (g/100 ml), which were degraded on storage. The alcohol content increased up to 6.24% after 10 h of storage in ambient conditions. The sucrose degradation in the palmyra sap followed first‐order equation in the sap stored under ambient conditions. There are no significant changes in the properties of palmyra sap stored under refrigerated conditions.

Novelty impact statement

This study is a first report on physico‐chemical changes in naturally obtained palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) sap. Fermentation kinetics were studied at ambient and refrigerated temperature using zero‐, first‐, and second‐order models that helps in predicting physicochemical changes and estimating the shelf‐life of the palmyra sap. Physicochemical changes followed first‐ and second‐order reaction model which helped in predicting the shelf life of palmyra sap. The alcohol content was found to be absent in palmyra sap under refrigerated condition.
Incidence of skin malignancies in patients with vitiligo or psoriasis who received narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (308 nm/311 nm): A retrospective review of 3730 patients
Authors: Chia Brian Keng Yang , Yew Yik Weng , Zhao Xiahong , Chong Wei‐Sheng , Thng Tien Guan Steven
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous studies regarding the risk of skin malignancy with NBUVB have been performed in Caucasian patients, but few studies have been conducted in Asians.

Aim

The aim of the study was to determine the risk of skin cancer in Asian patients with psoriasis and vitiligo receiving NBUVB phototherapy.

Methods

We performed a 9‐year retrospective study including all patients with psoriasis and vitiligo receiving NBUVB (either 311 nm wavelength through cabin phototherapy or 308 nm through excimer lamp phototherapy) at the National Skin Centre. We matched the identification numbers of patients to the National Registry of Diseases Office database and collected data on all skin cancers diagnosed.

Results

A total of 3730 patients were included. During the course of the study, 12 cases of skin cancer were diagnosed, of which 10 were basal cell carcinomas, and 2 were squamous cell carcinomas. No cases of melanoma were detected in the study. The age‐standardized incidence of skin cancer in psoriasis and vitiligo patients who received phototherapy was 47.5 and 26.5, respectively, which is higher than the incidence of skin cancers in the general population. Risk of skin malignancy was positively correlated with the cumulative (p = .008) and maximum dose of phototherapy (p = .011) as well as previous systemic treatments (p = .006).

Limitations

Limitations include a relatively short follow‐up period as well as the lack of quantification of solar exposure.

Conclusions

NBUVB phototherapy in Asian skin increases the risk of skin malignancy. The risk of skin malignancy is higher with psoriasis patients, greater cumulative and maximal dose of phototherapy as well as the use of systemic therapy. Despite the increased risk, the absolute number of skin malignancies remains low, especially for vitiligo patients, with no cases of melanoma diagnosed—a reassuring finding that phototherapy remains a safe alternative in the treatment of psoriasis and vitiligo.
COVID-19 Clinical Footprint to Infer About Mortality
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos E. , Mena Ramsés H.
Published: November 2022

Information on 4.1 million patients identified as COVID-19 positive in Mexico is used to understand the relationship between comorbidities, symptoms, hospitalisations and deaths due to the COVID-19 disease. Using the presence or absence of these variables a clinical footprint for each patient is created. The risk, expected mortality and the prediction of death outcomes, among other relevant quantities, are obtained and analysed by means of a multivariate Bernoulli distribution. The proposal considers all possible footprint combinations resulting in a robust model suitable for Bayesian inference. The analysis is carried out considering the information on the monthly COVID-19 cases, from March 2020 to the first days of January 2022. This allows one to appreciate the evolution of the mortality risk over time and the effect the strategies of the health authorities have had on it. Supporting information for this article, containing code and the dataset used for the analysis, is available online.
Asymptotic approximation of a highly oscillatory integral with application to the canonical catastrophe integrals
Authors: Ferreira Chelo , López José L. , Pérez Sinusía Ester
Published: November 2022

We consider the highly oscillatory integral for large positive values of w, , K and p positive integers with , and an entire function. The standard saddle point method is complicated and we use here a simplified version of this method introduced by López et al. We derive an asymptotic approximation of this integral when for general values of K and p in terms of elementary functions, and determine the Stokes lines. For , the asymptotic behavior of this integral may be classified in four different regions according to the even/odd character of the couple of parameters K and p; the special case requires a separate analysis. As an important application, we consider the family of canonical catastrophe integrals for large values of one of its variables, say , and bounded values of the remaining ones. This family of integrals may be written in the form for appropriate values of the parameters w, θ and the function . Then, we derive an asymptotic approximation of the family of canonical catastrophe integrals for large . The approximations are accompanied by several numerical experiments. The asymptotic formulas presented here fill up a gap in the NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions by Olver et al.
Prior effective sample size in phase II clinical trials with mixed binary and continuous responses
Authors: Bose Meghna , Angers Jean‐François , Biswas Atanu
Published: November 2022

The problem of finding Effective Sample Size (ESS) in Phase II clinical trials where toxicity and efficacy are the two components of the treatment response vector is considered. In particular, one of the components is assumed to be binary and the other is assumed to be continuous. The case of binary safety and continuous efficacy is studied for different prior distributions under different set up. Theoretical expressions are obtained in various situations. The methods are evaluated and compared by simulation studies. The proposed method is then illustrated by using some real life data on a phase II vaccine trial for Covid‐19.
Student Negotiation of Collaborative Dialogues: The Roles and Resources Used in Unsupervised Conversations
Authors: Groepper Emily
Published: November 2022

Responding to Donato and Brooks's (2004) call for undergraduate students to have more opportunities to engage in discourse at the advanced proficiency level, collaborative dialogues provide students with a situation conducive to language production and learning (Swain, 1997). As most of the research on collaborative dialogues has focused on the accuracy of language in a classroom environment, this article explores the various ways learners work together collaboratively to make meaning while discussing course content in the target language in dialogues taking place outside of class. Four student dyads with mixed proficiency levels completed weekly collaborative dialogues in an advanced undergraduate German literature course, and the dialogues were analyzed for patterns in role‐taking and resource usage with an emphasis on how the students negotiated the task to complete it and make meaning. The students stayed on task during the dialogues and assumed the collaborative, expert, novice, dominant, and passive roles described by Storch (2002) during their discussion. They also relied almost solely on each other as linguistic resources.
“Tesla in Grünheide”: Growing Intercultural Competence Through Role‐Play Simulation
Authors: Joo Hyoun‐A , Tuschling Lina
Published: November 2022

The development of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) becomes increasingly important in the world language curriculum and a crucial goal to prepare students for real‐life communicative situations outside of the classroom. This article discusses how a simulation exercise based on the contentious construction of the Tesla Gigafactory in Grünheide, Germany, facilitated the growth of students' ability to take perspectives other than their own – a crucial step toward ICC. Using the controversies about the Tesla Gigafactory as a real‐world case study, students participated in a role‐play simulation, set up as a town hall meeting, where they had to develop arguments whether Tesla should be given the official construction permit or not. This project‐based and student‐led exercise was designed to develop critical awareness of the cultural intricacy of the Tesla case by considering authentic dilemmas and conflicting perspectives. The activity was implemented in a virtual study abroad, advanced‐level German course. Comparing responses from a student feedback survey with Byram's ICC model (2021) suggests that the exercise helped students increase their factual knowledge, skills of interpreting, relating, discovering, and interacting, and develop differentiated understanding of other perspectives – important 21st‐century ICC skills for a global life and work environment.
A critique of Malpass's argument against Supervaluationism
Authors: De Florio Ciro , Frigerio Aldo
Published: November 2022

Supervaluationism is one of the most discussed approaches to the semantics of future tense sentences in a branching time. In this paper, we consider the criticism advanced by Malpass against Supervaluationism. This criticism relies on the fact that supervaluationists must accept as supertrue disjunctions whose disjuncts are not only supertrue—which supervaluationists are ready to acknowledge—but also not satisfiable. In order to show this, Malpass proposes a formula, , which shows the existence of a satisfiable disjunction with unsatisfiable disjuncts in supervaluationist models. In reply, we show that formula cannot be expressed within a model (whether Ockhamist or supervaluationist) because it quantifies on models. It can be correctly characterised only within a meta‐model that has the resources to quantify on various models. However, once that is done, is, for the advocates of Supervaluationism, no more demanding than other disjunctions because it just generalises at the meta‐theoretical level what supervaluationists already acknowledge at the theoretical level.
Rule-Based Time-Optimal Engine-Start Coordination Control With a Predesigned Vehicle Acceleration Trajectory in P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Lu Ziwang , Tian Guangyu , Onori Simona
Published: November 2022

Removing the integrated starter generator (ISG) in P2 hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) reduces the overall cost of the powertrain, yet it comes with an additional control complexity of the engine-start process. An appropriate coordination control strategy between the internal combustion engine (ICE), drive motor, and clutch is necessary to reduce the time for the engine-start while constraining the vehicle jerk. A time-optimal coordination control strategy with a predesigned vehicle acceleration trajectory is proposed from results of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), which can reduce the time for the engine-start process and obtain a small vehicle jerk. A dynamic model for the engine-start process is first built. In this model, a cylinder-by-cylinder engine model (CCEM) is derived to describe the ICE dynamics. A Karnopp and Stribeck combined wet clutch model is proposed to handle effects of speed difference on the torque, and calculation problem of frequent switches when crossing zero speed point. Subsequently, the optimal control problem is formulated with selected states and solved with NMPC. Finally, a rule-based control strategy is extracted from results of NMPC. Simulation results show that the engine-start process can finish within 260 ms, 13.3% less than the previous study, with a predesigned vehicle acceleration to ensure the vehicle jerk within 10 m/s3 and the peak to peak vehicle acceleration within 0.2 m/s2 in the case study under investigation.
Comparison of a Scaled Cadaver-Based Musculoskeletal Model With a Clinical Upper Extremity Model
Authors: Nagaraja Vikranth H. , Bergmann Jeroen H. M. , Andersen Michael S. , Thompson Mark S.
Published: November 2022

Reliably and accurately estimating joint/segmental kinematics from optical motion capture data has remained challenging. Studies objectively characterizing human movement patterns have typically involved inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics techniques. Subsequent research has included scaled cadaver-based musculoskeletal (MSK) modeling for noninvasively estimating joint and muscle loads. As one of the ways to enhance confidence in the validity of MSK model predictions, the kinematics from the preceding step that drives such a model needs to be checked for agreement or compared with established/widely used models. This study rigorously compares the upper extremity (UE) joint kinematics calculated by the Dutch Shoulder Model implemented in the AnyBody Managed Model Repository (involving multibody kinematics optimization (MKO)) with those estimated by the Vicon Plug-in Gait model (involving single-body kinematics optimization (SKO)). Ten subjects performed three trials of (different types of) reaching tasks in a three-dimensional marker-based optical motion capture laboratory setting. Joint angles, processed marker trajectories, and reconstruction residuals corresponding to both models were compared. Scatter plots and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the two model outputs. Results showed the largest differences between the two models for shoulder, followed by elbow and wrist, with all root-mean-squared differences less than 10 deg (although this limit might be unacceptable for clinical use). Strong-to-excellent Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were found between the two model outputs. The Bland–Altman plots showed a good agreement between most of the outputs. In conclusion, results indicate that these two models with different kinematic algorithms broadly agree with each other, albeit with few key differences.
Multi-Objective Optimal Regulation of Glucose Concentration in Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shaker Raya Abu , Sardahi Yousef , Alshorman Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Type I, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is a chronic disease in which insulin is not adequately produced by the pancreatic β-cells, which leads to a high glucose concentration. In practice, external insulin delivery is the only method to deal with this disease. To this end, a multi-objective optimal control for insulin delivery is introduced in this paper. Three conflicting objectives, including minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and reducing the amount of injected insulin, are considered. These objectives are minimized simultaneously while tuning the closed-loop system parameters that include the design details of the linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) and estimator speed of convergence. The lower and upper bounds of the LQR setup parameters are determined by Bryson’s rule taking into account the nominal glucose range (70−160  mg/dL) and maximum and minimum pump infusion rates (0.0024−15 mU/min). The lower and upper bounds of the estimator convergence speed are chosen such that the estimator is faster than the fastest mode of the closed-loop system. For computer simulations, Bergman’s minimal model, which is one of the commonly used models, is employed to simulate glucose-insulin dynamics in Type-I diabetic patients. The optimization problem is solved by the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), one of the widely used algorithms in solving multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). The optimal solutions in terms of the Pareto set and its image, the Pareto front, are obtained and analyzed. The results show that the MOP solution introduces many optimal options from which the decision-maker can choose to implement. Furthermore, under high initial glucose levels, parametric variations of Bergman’s model, and external disturbance, the optimal control performance are tested to show that the system can bring glucose levels quickly to the desired value regardless of high initial glucose concentrations, can efficiently work for different patients, and is robust against irregular snacks or meals.
Particles Transportation and Deposition Behavior During Horizontal Wellbore Exploitation
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Yu , Wang Deguo , Li Dongyang
Published: November 2022

Particles deposition and plug-in wellbore cause lots of damage and efficiency reduction during oil and gas exploitation. Transportation has been a focus for safety and production improvement. The annular flow field and particles transport behavior have been investigated using computational fluid dynamics with an renormalization group k–ɛ method. Effects of particles volume concentration, washing fluid concentration with power-law shearing, annular eccentricity, flow rate, and rotation speed have been researched to get the mechanism of particles accumulation and transport behavior. The results show that an increase in eccentricity causes velocity reduction of the annular narrow gap area, particles easily deposit, accumulate, and are hard to transport; increasing flow rate and fluid concentration apparently improve particles transportation and reduce deposition, pressure loss increases; inlet particles volume concentration increases deposition starting position and deposition length, the inner pipe rotation facilitates particles’ second suspension.
Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy Systems Based on Multi-Energy Coupling With Power-to-Gas Technology
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Shuaishuai , Meng Tian , Zhou Xuan , Liang Guangchuan , Zhao Yunxiang
Published: November 2022

Natural gas and renewable energy sources make up an increasingly large proportion of power generation due to their being environmentally friendly. Because of the intermittent and fluctuating output of renewable energy sources, the emerging technology of power-to-gas (P2G) units is of great significance to alleviate. This paper focuses on the coordinated optimization of the combined gas and electricity network (CGEN) system with bidirectional energy conversion. Gas-fired power generation (GPG) plants and P2G are considered as linkages between the two networks. A unified CGEN mathematical model is established with the minimum operation cost as the objective function. The injection and production process of underground natural gas storage (UNGS) is also taken into consideration that is not available in other literature. Variables such as the output of P2G and gas-fired power generation plants, the supply of UNGS, and the wind curtailment are optimized correspondingly. The improved 24-node power grid (PG) and Belgium 20-node natural gas pipeline network (NGPN) are adopted to test the validity and capability of the proposed model, and then we compare the results CGEN model with the single Belgium NGPN to analyze the impact on the NGPN. Moreover, we adopt a coupled operation system of a 6-node power system and a 7-node NGPN to further analyze the influence of P2G on the CGEN. The results show that compared with the system without P2G, the total operating cost of the system is reduced by 9.39%, the natural gas load shedding is reduced by 26.1%, and the wind curtailment is reduced from 326 MWh to zero.