bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Hemorrhage Prediction for Traumatic Brain Injury Using Glasgow Comma Scale: Encountering the Absence of CT Scan
Authors: Rahayu Rachmi Fauziah , Maharina Luths , Prabata Adam , Hanafi Muchtar , Yueniwati Yuyun , Pramudianti Diah , Maryetty Ida Prista , Ropitasari Ropitasari
Published: August 2022

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage is a complication of head injury. The initial assessment of the consciousness using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) shows severity level of head injury since arriving to the hospital. The GCS score is also known to have association with the presence of intracranial bleeding caused by head injury. This finding helps doctor lived in rural area with no facility of computed tomography (CT) scan to predict the intracranial haemorrhage by assessing the level of consciousness correctly using GCS score. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study using a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in Dr. Moewardi Hospital for 6 months starting from July to October 2020. The population was all patients with head injury and were then examined by CT scan of head. The 61 subjects were established through the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. Results: There were 61 patients in this study. The reliability test of CT-Scan instrument used Kappa-Cohen test which showed the K value of 0.875 with p < 0.001. The finding of moderate-severe head injury (GCS score 3-12) was associated with the increased risk of intracranial bleeding in head CT scan by 20.70 (5.58-76.77) times significantly higher (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is significant relationship between the patient's level of consciousness represented by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the intracranial bleeding based on the head CT scan in the patients with head injuries
Interleukin-1β, 27 Level in Stimulated and Non-stimulated PCOS Infertile Women (Cross-Sectional Study)
Authors: Al-Obaidi Manal Taha , Thamer Enas , Ibraheem Qais Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) stands for highly prevalent female endocrine pathology. Females suffering from PCOS have a significantly higher number of inflammatory markers. The IL-1 family members enormously affect the innate immune system. Objectives: Study the changes in the levels of Interleukin- 1ß and Interleukin- 27 in the stimulated and non-stimulated cycle (by gonadotrophin) in polycystic ovarian syndrome women. Methods: Fifty-eight infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been included in this research article. Twenty-nine of them did not undergo ovulation induction (OI) protocols, while the other twenty-nine were under ovulation induction (OI) therapy. Interleukin-1ß and Interleukin -27 measured in both groups, in the stimulated cycle just prior to administration of HCG and on the second day of the menstrual cycle in the non-stimulated females. Results: Both interleukins have been significantly more significant in the ovulation stimulated group than the non-stimulated one, with P-value of (0.04) for Interleukin -1ß and (0.02) for interleukin-27. Conclusion: The ovulation processes involve an increase in the inflammatory process, as demonstrated by the rise in these interleukins' levels. This increase is more prominent in the process of ovulation induction.
Checklist of coral reef fishes of Darvel Bay, Sabah, Malaysian Coral Triangle, with a note on the biodiversity and community structure
Authors: Farhana-Azmi Nur , Manjaji-Matsumoto B. Mabel , Maidin Nasrulhakim , John Jonathan , Bavoh Elvin , Saleh Ejria
Published: August 2022

The Darvel Bay is a large semi-enclosed bay with spectacular natural land and seascape. The inward side of the Bay has only been recently known to be an important foraging ground for the endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) elasmobranch species, such as the Whale Shark and mobulid rays. Following a recent scientific expedition, we present a checklist of the coral reef fishes of Darvel Bay. A note on the biodiversity and community structure is presented, based on our analysis using diversity indices, univariate and multivariate approaches. Seven natural coral reefs comprising two fringing reefs and five patch reefs, were surveyed at 10 m depth using underwater visual census (UVC) and baited remote underwater video station (BRUVS) methods. A diverse list of 66 species of reef fishes from 17 families is recorded. However, this is overwhelmingly dominated by the small-sized omnivorous damselfish, family Pomacentridae (62%; N = 1485 individuals). Species richness and abundance were observed to increase at sites surveyed furthest from the coast within the Bay. Significantly distinct reef fish assemblages were observed between three priori groups, based on proximity to shore (ANOSIM, R = 0.65, p < 0.05). SIMPER analysis further revealed that 22 species of the total reef fish species recorded drive 76% dissimilarities between the groups. The pattern of the reef fish communities observed, reflected as a logseries distribution model, is that commonly found in disturbed habitats or habitats characterised by restricted resources in a community, where the dominant species takes up a high proportion of available resources. The ecological indices (Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, 2.05; Simpson Index of Diversity, 0.79; Simpson Dominance Index, 0.20; and Pielou’s Evenness Index, 0.43), all reflect the relatively low diversity and uneven species distribution of the reef fish community. We conclude that the present status of the coral reef fish community dominating Darvel Bay as having undergone a rapid shift in structure following intense and rampant fishing pressure, as reported by the media.
A new freshwater species Achnanthidium kangdingnese (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Yu Pan , You Qingmin , Bi Yonghong , Wang Quanxi
Published: August 2022

A new freshwater diatom species, Achnanthidium kangdingnese Yu, You & Wang, sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, China, is described. The morphology of this species was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). A. kangdingnese belongs to the A. initium-like subgroup, which has external distal raphe ends curved in opposite directions of the valve. The main characteristics of A. kangdingnese are its linear shape, rounded apices and transpically-elongated areolae on the both valves. The central area is well defined with one or two spaced striae of the raphe valve. And on the internal valve, areolae are occluded by hymens perforated by delicate slits, and each hymen is closely joined with the adjacent hymen. We compared the new species with other similar species of Achnanthidium, A. kangdingnese is considered to be sufficiently different from other similar species based on valve outline, shape of the axial and center areas, and striae density. The new species is known only from its type locality, a mountain lake in Kangding County.
Developmental osteology of Ictalurus punctatus and Noturus gyrinus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) with a discussion of siluriform bone homologies
Authors: Kubicek Kole M.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The skeleton of Siluriformes is characterized by several autapomorphies, including secondary absence, extreme modification, and purported fusion of several ossifications. Although well documented in adults, information on skeletal development in catfishes is relatively sparse and typically focused on particular regions of the skeleton (e.g., Weberian apparatus). To further our understanding of the siluriform skeleton, I document the development of the entire skeleton in two ictalurid species, Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) and Noturus gyrinus (tadpole madtom) from five days pre-hatch to adult. I reexamine the homologies of bones previously hypothesized to represent compound elements in catfishes as well as an additional element only known to occur in some ictalurids. Development of the skeleton is complete in I. punctatus at 22.4 mm SL and almost complete in N. gyrinus (except dorsal- and anal-fin distal radials) at 14.1 mm SL. No signs of ontogenetic fusion were observed in any of the purported compound elements. Previous hypotheses of the homology of these elements and of additional ossifications are reviewed in light of developmental information obtained herein. No dermal parietal component is present at any stage in the so-called parieto-supraoccipital. The bone is the supraoccipital which ossifies from two lateral centers of ossification which later fuse, rather than from a median center. The ‘posttemporo-supracleithrum’ originates from a single center of ossification and represents the supracleithrum. The posttemporal is present in ictalurids and many other catfishes as a canal-bearing bone between the supracleithrum and the pterotic, a bone sometimes identified as the extrascapular. The extrascapular is missing in catfishes. Ictalurids have an additional dermal bone above the posttemporal, which is either an independently ossifying fragment of the posttemporal or a neoformation restricted to some members of this family. The single chondral bone of the pectoral girdle originates from a single center of ossification that represents the coracoid. The scapula is missing in catfishes. Dorsal-fin distal radial 2 is absent in catfishes and the foramen of dorsal-fin spine 2 is formed from modifications to the base of the fin-ray itself. Unlike loricarioid catfishes, the urohyal of ictalurids originates solely as an ossification of the sternohyoideus tendons. The anteriormost infraorbital element ossifies from a single center of ossification around the infraorbital sensory canal and represents the lacrimal. The antorbital is missing in catfishes. Finally, skeletal development of I. punctatus is compared to that available for other otophysans, including the cypriniforms Danio rerio and Enteromius holotaenia and the characiform Salminus brasiliensis.
L’éducation des enfants juifs à Rome (XVI e -début XVII e siècle) : un monde à part
Authors: Stow Kenneth
Published: August 2022

La plupart des travaux consacrés à l’éducation au début de l’époque moderne se sont focalisés sur l’éducation humaniste des élites, qu’elles soient juives ou chrétiennes. L’éducation juive peut être étudiée pour l’ensemble des couches sociales, incluant les filles. La part de jeunes gens juifs instruits était manifestement bien plus élevée que chez leurs homologues chrétiens, comme l’atteste le cas de Rome aux xvi e  et xvii e  siècles. La plupart des jeunes juifs romains fréquentaient l’école communautaire de Talmud Torah pour y apprendre à lire, écrire ou encore à compter. La présence était, du moins en théorie, obligatoire, et sans distinction entre les juifs « italiens » et ceux issus des autres groupes « ultramontains » (notamment provençaux, ou originaires de la péninsule Ibérique ou d’Afrique du Nord). On apprenait à lire l’hébreu, même si l’italien était la langue d’enseignement ; certains apprenaient à lire l’alphabet latin auprès de professeurs chrétiens. Tous les juifs ne recevaient pas la même éducation. Les plus fortunés avaient des précepteurs privés, d’autres avaient la chance d’étudier dans des petites écoles. Les jeunes filles apprenaient la broderie ( lavori femminili ) auprès d’enseignantes, mais aussi à lire, afin de pouvoir coudre les versets bibliques sur les bandelettes de Torah ( mappot ). Il existait aussi une éducation plus « pratique », qui s’apparentait à de l’apprentissage : on apprenait à danser, à chanter ou à jouer d’un instrument de musique, à fabriquer des épées, à travailler le bois, à confectionner des vêtements ou encore l’art de l’abattage rituel des animaux. Ce qui distingue l’éducation juive de l’éducation chrétienne réside en ce que la loi juive oblige les parents à s’occuper de l’éducation de leurs enfants. Chez les chrétiens, cette tâche incombait principalement au clergé, qui se concentrait sur la « discipline ». Au contraire des chrétiens, les jeunes juifs apprenaient à lire la Bible directement. Cet article s’appuie sur un corpus de textes, pour la plupart hébraïques, que le lecteur trouvera traduits, en appendice.
Les profits de guerre de Kuhlmann (1914-1923)
Authors: Mastin Jean-Luc
Published: August 2022

Cas unique dans la chimie française, Kuhlmann est typique des grandes firmes industrielles du Nord occupé en 1914-1918, à la fois victimes et profiteurs de guerre. 95 % de ses capacités de production étant en « pays envahi », elle était a priori condamnée à mort. Pourtant, au lendemain de la guerre, elle est prospère et a changé de dimension : cette firme familiale régionale, qui se tenait à l’écart des marchés financiers, est devenue un groupe national, présent sur l’ensemble du territoire français et coté aux bourses de Lille et de Paris ; jusqu’alors cantonnée à la chimie minérale, elle s’est diversifiée dans la chimie organique. Les administrateurs repliés à Paris ont en effet mené une stratégie de croissance externe rapide visant l’expansion et la diversification. D’une part, de multiples acquisitions d’usines ont permis d’augmenter rapidement les productions pour répondre à la demande militaire et civile (agricole). D’autre part, Kuhlmann joue un rôle de premier plan dans la fondation de la « Compagnie nationale des matières colorantes », appelée à contester le monopole allemand. Cette stratégie n’aurait pas été possible sans le soutien actif de l’État, l’alliance avec de puissants groupes miniers et industriels, ni le soutien de grandes banques (CCF, Paribas). La nécessaire ouverture du capital a cependant été maîtrisée, et le déclin des grandes familles lilloises dans le contrôle du groupe est relatif.
Étude sur la réussite au concours d’agrégation externe et le recrutement des enseignants-chercheurs dans les matières juridiques
Authors: Andreu Lionel , Drouard Joeffrey , Karoubi Bruno
Published: August 2022

La présente étude analyse les déterminants de l’accès au corps des professeurs des universités dans les matières juridiques, en s’appuyant sur une base de données originale. On montre que les hommes et les personnes ayant soutenu leur thèse dans l’une des principales universités parisiennes ont une plus grande vocation à accéder au corps des professeurs. Ces résultats s’expliquent par une meilleure réussite au concours d’agrégation externe de ces personnes, mais également par le fait qu’ils retentent plus souvent en cas d’échec. On montre également que le fait d’avoir son directeur de thèse dans le jury du concours d’agrégation externe fait plus que doubler la probabilité de réussir ce concours. Enfin, on montre, par comparaison avec le recrutement via le concours national d’agrégation, que les recrutements locaux sont marqués par un fort localisme.
Political Decentralization and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Propensity Score Matching Estimates
Authors: Malah Kuété Flora Yselle , Mignamissi Dieudonné , Nguimo Kuete Brice
Published: August 2022

Au cours des récentes décennies, la recherche sur les déterminants du bien-être des individus est passée d’une focalisation traditionnelle sur le revenu et la consommation à une approche multidimensionnelle plus riche. Ce changement a été fortement influencé par un grand nombre de travaux qui cherchent à expliquer le bien-être subjectif des citoyens par des facteurs non économiques. Dans ce contexte, le présent article se concentre sur le rôle particulier de la structure du gouvernement et la forme de l’État. Sur le plan empirique, la méthode d’appariement par les scores de propension est utilisée pour évaluer l’impact de la décentralisation politique sur le bien-être subjectif à partir des données transversales de 143 pays. Deux principales mesures de facto de la décentralisation politique sont considérées, à savoir l’autonomie locale et le fédéralisme. Plusieurs techniques d’appariement sont utilisées pour résoudre les problèmes d’auto-sélection et d’endogénéité omis dans une régression linéaire classique. Les résultats montrent que les individus se considèrent plus satisfaits de leur vie dans les États décentralisés que dans ceux qui sont centralisés, ce qui implique en moyenne que la décentralisation politique a un impact positif sur le bien-être des citoyens. De plus, l’analyse de sensibilité basée sur l’effet d’interaction avec le système politique montre que le système parlementaire par rapport au système présidentiel tend à inhiber l’impact positif de la décentralisation sur le bien-être. En revanche, la limitation des mandats accentue cet impact.
Compressive behavior of FRP-tube-confined concrete short columns using recycled FRP materials from wind turbine blades: Experimental investigation and analytical modelling
Authors: Baturkin Dmitry , Hisseine Ousmane A. , Masmoudi Radhouane , Tagnit-Hamou Arezki , Metiche Slimane , Massicotte Luc
Published: August 2022

A major challenge in today's concrete construction is to lower its carbon footprint to the least possible level. This study provides insights on a new low-CO2 alternative concrete whereby glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials from waste wind-turbine blades (WWTB)—termed as WWTB-GFRP—was utilized as: (ⅰ) replacement of Portland cement at 0%, 10%, 20%, and as (ⅱ) lightweight aggregate replacement for natural aggregates at 0%, 50%, and 100%. The resulting WWTB-GFRP concretes were used in concrete-filled fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) whereby the latter serves as a stay-in-place formwork and external reinforcement. Pristine WWTB-GFRP materials (containing wood) and processed ones (by wood removal) were investigated. Results indicate that while both WWTB-GFRP powder and aggregates adversely affect the compression resistance (due to, respectively, the retarding effect of the powder and the slippery surface of the aggregates leading to reduced bonding with the bulk cementitious matrix), the confinement of WWTB-GFRP concrete with FRP tubes offers an innovative tool to restore the strength loss. In fact, valorizing WWTB-GFRP concrete in CFFTs allowed to increase the compressive resistance by more than 100%. Interestingly, under axial compression, FRP tube confinement shifted the stress–strain response from the conventional brittle response to a ductile one whereby the confinement affected the elastic and plastic responses differently. While FRP confinement increased in the elastic limit at higher WWTB-GFRP aggregate content, it resulted in lower slope of the plastic response at higher WWTB-GFRP aggregate content. An analytical assessment demonstrated that a WWTB-GFRP aggregate content of 55% will be optimum for enhancing both elastic and plastic responses. Building upon the ACI 440.2R-17 model for predicting the compressive response of confined concrete incorporating conventional aggregates, a modified model more sensitive to GFRP aggregates and with higher predictive ability was proposed. Research outcomes will contribute to recycling waste materials while endowing further sustainability to concrete.
General and optimal decay rates for a viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping
Authors: Li Qian
Published: August 2022

This work is devoted to investigating the decay properties for a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping. Under certain class of relaxation functions and initial data and using the perturbed energy method, we obtain general and optimal decay results.
Meromorphic solutions of $ f^{n}+P_{d}(f) = p_{1}e^{\alpha_{1}z}+p_{2}e^{\alpha_{2}z}+p_{3}e^{\alpha_{3}z} $
Authors: Gao Linkui , Gao Junyang
Published: August 2022

By using Nevanlinna of the value distribution of meromorphic functions, we investigate the transcendental meromorphic solutions of the non-linear differential equation

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} f^{n}+P_{d}(f) = p_{1}e^{\alpha_{1}z}+p_{2}e^{\alpha_{2}z}+p_{3}e^{\alpha_{3}z}, \end{equation*} $\end{document}

where $ P_{d}(f) $ is a differential polynomial in $ f $ of degree $ d(0\leq d\leq n-3) $ with small meromorphic coefficients and $ p_{i}, \alpha_{i}(i = 1, 2, 3) $ are nonzero constants. We show that the solutions of this type equation are exponential sums and they are in $ \Gamma_{0}\cup\Gamma_{1}\cup\Gamma_{3} $ which will be given in Section $ 1 $. Moreover, we give some examples to illustrate our results.
Meaningful secret image sharing for JPEG images with arbitrary quality factors
Authors: Jiang Yue , Yan Xuehu , Chen Jia , Cheng Jingwen , Zhang Jianguo
Published: August 2022

JPEG is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on social network platforms. JPEG image is widely used in people's life because of their low storage space and high visual quality. Secret image sharing (SIS) technology is important to protect image data. Traditional SIS schemes generally focus on spatial images, however there is little research on frequency domain images. In addition, the current tiny research on SIS for JPEG images only focuses on JPEG images with a compression quality factor ($ QF $) of $ 100 $. To overcome the limitation of JPEG images in SIS, we propose a meaningful SIS for JPEG images to operate the quantized DCT coefficients of JPEG images. The random elements utilization model is applied to achieve meaningful shadow images. Our proposed scheme has a better quality of the shadow images and the recovered secret image. Experiment results and comparisons indicate the effectiveness of the scheme. The scheme can be used for JPEG images with any compression $ QF $. Besides, the scheme has good characteristics, such as $ (k, n) $ threshold, extended shadow images.
Novel stochastic dynamics of a fractal-fractional immune effector response to viral infection via latently infectious tissues
Authors: Rashid Saima , Ashraf Rehana , Asif Qurat-Ul-Ain , Jarad Fahd
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the global complexities of a stochastic virus transmission framework featuring adaptive response and Holling type II estimation are examined via the non-local fractal-fractional derivative operator in the Atangana-Baleanu perspective. Furthermore, we determine the existence-uniqueness of positivity of the appropriate solutions. Ergodicity and stationary distribution of non-negative solutions are carried out. Besides that, the infection progresses in the sense of randomization as a consequence of the response fluctuating within the predictive case's equilibria. Additionally, the extinction criteria have been established. To understand the reliability of the findings, simulation studies utilizing the fractal-fractional dynamics of the synthesized trajectory under the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative incorporating fractional-order $ \alpha $ and fractal-dimension $ \wp $ have also been addressed. The strength of white noise is significant in the treatment of viral pathogens. The persistence of a stationary distribution can be maintained by white noise of sufficient concentration, whereas the eradication of the infection is aided by white noise of high concentration.
Théorie de la régulation et histoire du droit :un croisement fertile
Authors: Klebaner Samuel
Published: August 2022

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les possibles connexions entre certaines méthodes d’histoire du droit et le programme de recherche de la théorie de la régulation (TR). La TR est une approche économique hétérodoxe visant à analyser les dynamiques historiques à travers l’étude de la transformation des institutions économiques. Ce programme de recherche se veut pluridisciplinaire. Le croisement entre différentes disciplines en sciences sociales permet à la fois de faciliter la recherche, à travers la stabilisation de concepts analytiques, et de dépasser certaines limites propres aux théories. Les cadres méthodologiques en histoire du droit développées à l’Institut Max-Planck de Francfort (Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte/MPIeR) analysent, quant à elles, l’émergence et la performativité du droit, dont l’originalité tient dans sa volonté d’atténuer le rôle de l’État à travers une approche constructiviste des échelles de la réglementation. En explorant des concepts tels que la multinormativité, la gouvernance, la science de la régulation ou la loi en tant que communication, nous montrerons le potentiel des travaux de l’Institut pour nourrir et renouveler la TR, mais aussi dépasser une approche de la dynamique institutionnelle trop centrée sur la production normative étatique.
Marx après Kornai
Authors: Sen Amartya
Published: August 2022

János Kornai a décidé de devenir économiste après avoir lu Das Kapital de Karl Marx. Sa relation avec cet auteur n’était pas seulement politique, mais aussi professionnelle. Kornai avait certes « rompu avec le marxisme » en 1956, mais sans pour autant rompre avec la pensée de Marx. Après 1956, ses travaux peuvent être examinés à la lumière des idées marxiennes, traitant notamment de l’équité, de la liberté et de la relation entre théorie et pratique. Certaines des thèses marxiennes pourraient ainsi être enrichies de façon intéressante par une prise en compte des écrits ultérieurs de Kornai.
Piecemeal remarks on János Kornai’s life-work
Authors: Chavance Bernard
Published: August 2022

On the occasion of Amartya Sen’s discussion of “Marx after Kornai” (Sen, 2021), the note evokes two questions in the work of János Kornai. The first is his attitude to normative assessment in conditions of conflict or tension between values, the second is his relation to Marx, with specific remarks about capitalism, inequalities and democracy.
The income-labour nexus as the dominant institutional form in rural sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Girard Pierre , Michel Sandrine , Mercandalli Sara , Losch Bruno
Published: August 2022

The unprecedented population growth and low economic diversification in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) raise questions about possible paths for demo-economic transitions. Given the limitations of the dominant macroeconomic conception of structural change for analysing economic transformations in SSA, and acknowledging the importance of rural economies in SSA, this paper argues for an alternative approach to structural change that uses the rural household as the key unit of analysis of change. Structural change is therefore impacted by the evolution of the socioeconomic reproduction patterns of rural households. To understand these households’ reproduction patterns, the paper formulates an analytical framework centred on structures, institutions and their evolution. Drawing on Régulation theory, we first adjust institutional forms to rural African contexts. We then demonstrate how the income-labour nexus, integrating the social relations linked to the organisation of the production process and the modes of reproduction, is the dominant institutional form in capturing the socioeconomic reproduction of rural households. Last, to detect these emerging institutional configurations, we analyse youth transition as the critical period of households’ socioeconomic reproduction that can reveal structural change.
Fine-Grained Drug Interaction Extraction Based on Entity Pair Calibration and Pre-Training Model for Chinese Drug Instructions
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Gao Feng , Zhou Lunsheng , Jing Shenqi , Wang Zhongmin , Wang Yongqing , Miao Shumei , Zhang Xin , Guo Jianjun , Shan Tao , Liu Yun
Published: August 2022

Existing pharmaceutical information extraction research often focus on standalone entity or relationship identification tasks over drug instructions. There is a lack of a holistic solution for drug knowledge extraction. Moreover, current methods perform poorly in extracting fine-grained interaction relations from drug instructions. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an information extraction framework for drug instructions. The framework proposes deep learning models with fine-tuned pre-training models for entity recognition and relation extraction. In addition, it incorporates an novel entity pair calibration process to promote the performance for fine-grained relation extraction. The framework experiments on more than 60k Chinese drug description sentences from 4000 drug instructions. Empirical results show that the framework can successfully identify drug related entities (F1 3 0.95) and their relations (F1 3 0.83) from the realistic dataset, and the entity pair calibration plays an important role (~5% F1 score improvement) in extracting fine-grained relations.
The Transfer Strategy of Digital Information Technology for Heterogeneous Manufacturers
Authors: Li Xianglong , Wang Qingjin , Huang Shuai , Shi Renbo , Han Changlin , Gao Yang
Published: August 2022

The application of digital information and computing technology can significantly improve cooperation between different enterprises and the efficiency of knowledge and resources management, while facilitating the participation of partners in various technological innovation activities. The choice of digital information technology by traditional enterprises and the transfer of digital information technology between enterprises are key issues in the application of industrial digitalisation at this stage, and it is necessary to explore their transfer strategies and operational mechanisms theoretically. In this paper, a digital information technology transfer system consisting of a high-tech enterprise and two heterogeneous manufacturing enterprises is simulated and constructed using the Stackelberg game approach. This system can help high-tech enterprises choose the optimal digital information technology transfer strategy, while promoting the digital transformation and upgrading development of traditional manufacturing enterprises.
COVID-19 Transmission to Health Care Personnel During Tracheostomy Under a Multidisciplinary Safety Protocol
Authors: Standiford Taylor C. , Farlow Janice L. , Brenner Michael J. , Blank Ross , Rajajee Venkatakrishna , Baldwin Noel R. , Chinn Steven B. , Cusac Jessica A. , De Cardenas Jose , Malloy Kelly M. , McDonough Kelli L. , Napolitano Lena M. , Sjoding Michael W. , Stoneman Emily K. , Washer Laraine L. , Park Pauline K.
Published: August 2022

Background

Tracheostomies are highly aerosolizing procedures yet are often indicated in patients with COVID-19 who require prolonged intubation. Robust investigations of the safety of tracheostomy protocols and provider adherence and evaluations are limited.

Objectives

To determine the rate of COVID-19 infection of health care personnel involved in COVID-19 tracheostomies under a multidisciplinary safety protocol and to investigate health care personnel’s attitudes and suggested areas for improvement concerning the protocol.

Methods

All health care personnel involved in tracheostomies in COVID-19–positive patients from April 9 through July 11, 2020, were sent a 22-item electronic survey.

Results

Among 107 health care personnel (80.5%) who responded to the survey, 5 reported a positive COVID-19 test result (n = 2) or symptoms of COVID-19 (n = 3) within 21 days of the tracheostomy. Respondents reported 100% adherence to use of adequate personal protective equipment. Most (91%) were familiar with the tracheostomy protocol and felt safe (92%) while performing tracheostomy. Suggested improvements included creating dedicated tracheostomy teams and increasing provider choices surrounding personal protective equipment.

Conclusions

Multidisciplinary engagement in the development and implementation of a COVID-19 tracheostomy protocol is associated with acceptable safety for all members of the care team.
Uremic encephalopathy: A definite diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging?
Authors: Sina Farzad , Najafi Darya , Aziz-Ahari Alireza , Shahraki Elham , Ahimahalle Tahere Zarouk , Namjoo Zeinab , Hassanzadeh Sajad
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for the diagnose uremic encephalopathy and describe the usefulness of MRI findings in the ultimate diagnosis of uremic encephalopathy (UE). A total of 20 patients with uremic encephalopathy admitted to the hospital were evaluated in this prospective study. The clinical manifestations, laboratory and MRI imaging findings, demographic information, and clinical outcome were analyzed for each patient. We observed that the 20 prospectively reviewed patients with UE had no involvement of the basal ganglia or the lentiform fork sign (LFS). However, two-thirds of the patients had white matter involvement, and 80% of the subjects had cerebral or cortical atrophy. The arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis revealed that 50% of the patients suffered from metabolic acidosis (n=10). The results of the present study demonstrated that although the observation of Lentiform Fork Sign and Basal Ganglia involvement in MRI of UE patients is a specific finding the absence of which does not rule out UE. Thus, simultaneous examination of clinical manifestation and laboratory test analyses, along with imaging findings, should also be taken into account.
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) TO THE ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF AN ARTIFICIAL ENVIRONMENT: THE TUNNY-FISHING NET OF CAMOGLI (LIGURIAN SEA)
Authors: Mariottini G. L. , Leardi R. , Carli A.
Published: August 2022

The rational exploitation of resources in sea water and the respect of weak mechanisms regulating production need the knowledge of some factors contributing to the correct management of the marine environment. In this connection, the management of fish stocks is important, as the fishiness in marine waters and the consequent commercial exploitation of valuable fish depend greatly on the knowledge of water conditions and fish migration, as well as on food availability for fish maintenance and growth. [...]
Approach to Pediatric Esophageal Foreign Body Ingestion
Authors: AlKhatib Talal , Zawawi Faisal , BinTaleb Yagoub , Bustanji Nasser , AlMahmoudi Ahlam , AlZaidi Teaf , AlMarshadi Nada , AlHarbi Lama , Baawad Reem
Published: August 2022

Background:

Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a frequent home accident in the pediatric population and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. We aimed to describe the problem of pediatric esophageal FB ingestion at King Abdulaziz University Hospital over 10 years regarding patient, visit, and management characteristics and identify the pediatric specialty team that was called first to the emergency department in such cases.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study included 117 pediatric patients admitted for esophageal FB ingestion in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia from 2011 to 2020. We used Chi-squared and one-way analysis of variance tests to determine the associations. Data on demographic and clinical variables were compared between patients with and without neurodevelopmental disabilities, and their associations were assessed.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 4.7 ± 3.7 years, with slightly higher rates in males (57.3%). Six patients (5.1%) had a history of preexisting esophageal conditions, and five (4.3%) had previous FB ingestion. The most commonly ingested item was a coin (n = 53) and was mostly located in the upper esophagus (n = 56). Gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms occurred in 78 and 29 patients, respectively. The Otolaryngology Department contributed the highest number of admissions (63.8%).

Conclusion:

FB ingestion is common in Saudi Arabian preschoolers. These data indicate the need for caregivers to be educated about FB ingestion. Additional investigations should emphasize addressing the consequences of FB ingestion.
Hypertension in postmenopausal Indonesian Women: fluctuating Body Mass Index as a potential predictor of decreasing blood pressure
Authors: W Riyadina , E Rahajeng , Y Turana , N Kodim
Published: August 2022

Background: The burden of Hypertension (HT) [P1][YT2] in Indonesian postmenopausal women has increased over the past years. Obesity is the most prevalent risk of HT among postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study evaluates the relationship of fluctuating BMI with BP in postmenopausal women in Bogor, Indonesia.

Methods: This longitudinal study acquired secondary data from a previous study of the “Cohort Study of NCD’ Risk Factors” along with a two-year follow-up. Data were analyzed from a total of 888 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 25 years[P3][wr4]. BMI and BP fluctuations were calculated from baseline BMI at the first visit (T1) until the observation period (T7). The significance of panel analysis at p value < 0.05.[P5][wr6]

Results: The fixed-effect model showed a significant correlation between BMI changes with the changes in SBP and DBP and fluctuating BMI with SBP. After adjustment for physical activity, 1 kg of weight gain will increase SBP and DBP in normotensive, controlled, and uncontrolled hypertensive individuals. After adjusting for smoking, BMI reduction by 1% would lower the SBP as much as 2-3 mmHg compared to a stable BMI.

Conclusions: Fluctuating BMI was a predictor in decreasing BP in postmenopausal women, so it could be used to control HT.

Keywords: Fluctuating; BMI; BP; Postmenopausal; Indonesia.
Sensitivity, specificity of biochemical markers for early prediction of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic obese subjects
Authors: O Abulnaja Khalid , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Mohammed K Al-Manzlawi Ashgan , A Kumosani Taha , Qari Mohamed , S Moselhy Said
Published: August 2022

Background: The obesity increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis and rate of morbidity and mortality. The main cause of atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction and formation of foam cells and macrophage that lead to unfavorable complications. This study evaluated specific biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction as sensitive indices for early predication of atherosclerosis in obese subjects.

Study Design: One hundred fifty male age and sex matching were included in the current study divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): Control (BMI ≤ 22), obese (BMI> 28) and obese with atherosclerosis (BMI> 28). Fasting serum was subjected for determination of adhesion molecules, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, oxo-LDL and 8-iso-PGF2α by ELISA technique.

Results: Data obtained showed that, a significant elevation of serum inflammatory markers CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α and adhesion molecules sICAM-1 (p<0.001) with sensitivity 96%, sVCAM-1 (p <0.01) with sensitivity 92%, E-selectin (p<0.001) with sensitivity 94%, oxo-LDL (p <0.05) and 8-iso-PGF2α (p < 0.001) with sensitivity 97% in obese with atherosclerosis compared with obese and control.

Conclusion: The levels of serum adhesion molecules contributed in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction can be used as sensitive biomarkers for early prediction of atherosclerosis in obese subjects.

Keywords: Obesity; atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction.
Letter to the editor: Esophageal inflammatory fibroid polyp in a Nigerian
Authors: Oluyemi Aderemi , Oguntebi Emmanuel , Awolola Nicholas
Published: August 2022

NIL.
The diagnostic upper GI endoscopy camp: a pilot for enhancing service provision and training in eastern Uganda
Authors: Doe Matthew , Bua Emmanuel , Bisso Fred , Olupot-Olupot Peter
Published: August 2022

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms are common in East Africa but there is limited diagnostic endoscopy availability. Surgical camps are a recognised method of providing intensive service provision and training. We describe a novel application of the camp model for diagnostic UGI endoscopy in eastern Uganda.

Methods: A 7-day camp took place in an existing endoscopy department of Mbale Regional Referral Hospital. Patients with symptoms warranting investigation were invited for free diagnostic UGI endoscopy, biopsy and H.pylori testing.

Results: 148 patients underwent endoscopy. 47 were deemed to have significant pathology, 7 with malignancy. 61% had H.Pylori. A resident surgeon was trained and performed 55 supervised unassisted procedures.

Conclusion: Our pilot has illustrated that camps are a safe and efficient way of providing intense endoscopy service and training in an established department. Camps can be utilised for scaling up much needed endoscopy services and training in low- and middle-income countries.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal endoscopy; Helicobacter pylori; esophageal neoplasms.
A five-year retrospective review of the maternal and feotal outcome of obstructed labour and its determinants in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: C Anikwe Chidebe , C Ikeoha Cyril , O Ogah Christian , A Kalu Collins , H Anikwe Ifeyinwa
Published: August 2022

Background: Obstructed labour is one of the common obstetric emergencies in Nigeria which is associated with an increased maternal and foetal complications.

Objective: To determine the maternal and foetal outcome of obstructed labour and its determinants in a tertiary hospital in Ebonyi State University Teaching hospital Abakaliki

Methods: A retrospective review of all women with obstructed labour managed at Ebonyi State University Teaching hospital Abakaliki between January 2007 and December 2011 was carried out.

Results: The prevalence rate of obstructed labour was 3.4% (95%CI 3.37 – 3.42) for the period under review. Women in their second and third decade of life formed 91.6% (196/214) of patients in the study. Majority of obstructed labour occurred in primiparous women (92/214, 42.9%) and the commonest cause of obstructed labour was cephalopelvic disproportion (106/214, 49.6%). The commonest maternal complication was wound infection accounting for 23.2% (48/214) of all the complications. Most of the babies delivered had a good Apgar score as was noted in 60.3% (129/214) of cases. Being unbooked, para 3 and above, maternal age of 30 and above, having no formal education and rural residence were strongly associated with parturient having maternal complication (P > 0.05) and abnormal APGAR score. The maternal and perinatal mortality rate was 191/100,000 live births and 168/1000 deliveries respectively.

Conclusion: The commonest cause of obstructed labour in our review is cephalopelvic disproportion occurring more in primiparous women. Wound infection is the commonest maternal complication with majority of the neonates having a good outcome. Provision of free antenatal care services, education of women on the importance of antenatal care, early presentation in the hospital and early use of broad spectrum antibiotics would help to reduce the associated complications.

Keywords: Obstructed labour; cephalopelvic disproportion; antenatal care; sepsis; haemorrhage; uterine rupture; Abakaliki.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of low back pain among users of a primary health care clinic serving semi-urban and rural settlements in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Khumalo Khanyisile , Haffejee Firoza
Published: August 2022

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal conditions and a common work-related health problem. In South Africa, people from lower socio-economic strata are involved in physical labour and also have unequal access to health services. There is minimal data on the prevalence of LBP in these communities. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of LBP among public sector health care users in a semi-urban/rural area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods: The study was conducted at a primary health care clinic in the Umdoni municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Convenience sequential sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was utilized due to literacy constraints. Participants (n=400) answered the questionnaire in either English or isiZulu.

Results: The lifetime prevalence of LBP was 79.3%. Female gender and lifting heavy objects were associated with LBP. The direct impact of LBP was faced in the work place resulting in absenteeism, often followed by unemployment.

Conclusion: In this setting, where the prevalence of LBP was high, specialized treatments for LBP were not available at the primary health care facility. Incorporation of such treatments will be useful, for people in lower socio-economic strata, to overcome the burden of LBP.

Keyword: Low back pain; musculo-skeletal disorder; South Africa.
An evaluation of a peer supervision pilot project among community health workers in rural Uganda
Authors: Nakibaala Grace , Watsemba Agnes , Ssali Brian , Namugera Frank , Katushabe Phionah , Carleen Maggie , Christiansen Molly , Chambert Emilie
Published: August 2022

Background: Living Goods operates a Community Health Worker (CHW) program in 19 districts of Uganda, where CHWs are supervised by full time Community Health Supervisors. This model is effective, but expensive. Evidence indicates that peer supervision can be a substitute and cheaper model for CHW supervision. We describe our experience and outcomes while implementing peer supervision among CHWs in Mayuge district

Objectives: 1. To compare health services delivery outcomes between the two supervision models. 2. To compare costs of the two supervision models..

Methods: Internal organizational records from January to December 2019 were reviewed. Focus group discussions and indepth interviews with participating CHWs were also conducted. Qualitative analysis was performed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative data was summarized to generate averages, percentages and graphs.

Findings: CHWs under the peer supervision performed better than those under standard supervision against all key performance indicators. The total cost to maintain the peer supervision model for 1 year was USD $176 per CHW versus USD $273 among CHWs under the standard supervision model. Peer supervision thus resulted in overall cost savings of 36%. There was lower attrition among CHWs under peer supervision compared to standard supervision (10% versus 17%).

Conclusions: Peer supervision is a feasible and more affordable model of supervising CHWs.

Keywords: Community health workers; peer supervision; supervision; Uganda.
Knowledge and attitude to dental implant placement amongst a group of Nigerian dentists
Authors: Enabulele Joan , Omo Julie , Ibhawoh Louis
Published: August 2022

Background: The perceptions and experiences of dentists from different specialties on the use of dental implant and its applications can be instrumental in its use exhaustively.

Objectives: To determine the opinions and experiences of a population of Nigerian dentists towards dental implant.

Methods: Data for the study were collated using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the familiarity of the participants with various implant systems, their designs, sizes and loading as well as the provision of replacement for missing teeth.

Result: The estimated functional life of an implant was reported to be less than 5 years by 2.5% of the respondents; 5 to 10 years by 11.3% of the respondents; 10 to 20 years by 26.3% and more than 20 years by 28.7% of the respondents while 31.3% had no idea about the estimated functional life of an implant. Exposure and experience with dental implants were low as only 30.0% of the respondents had attended any dental implant course/training with 95.0% of the respondents expressing the opinion that they did not have enough training in dental implantology.

Conclusion: The exposure and experience with dental implants was low among the respondents.

Keywords: Dental implant; Dentist; Knowledge.