bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Text-Mining Approach to Compare Impacts and Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions in Europe
Authors: Castellanos Leydy Alejandra , Versini Pierre-Antoine , Bonin Olivier , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia
Published: September 2020

Worldwide, a large set of initiatives have been carried out aiming to understand the benefits offered by Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in urban areas. The European Commission (EC) has founded different projects that have performed scientific literature reviews regarding this topic. To objectively compare their results and consolidate the consensus about the impacts and benefits of NBS, we performed a text mining analysis. This methodology coupled with a visual representation of the data allowed to convert the EC funding projects reports (corpus) into a meaningful structured analysis. This method demonstrated that despite the different literature review methodologies of each report, there are common trends exhibited by the results, e.g., the NBS installation as a strategy of urban resilience, the recognition of ecosystem services (ESS) delivered by nature in urban spaces, or the importance of the EC’s supporting role in the promotion of NBS. In addition, some network specific trends have also emerged and complemented the analysis: the assessment of the NBS performance with indicators, the participatory planning approach to NBS (involving citizen and local communities) and the economic value of their services.
Urban Form as a Technological Driver of Carbon Dioxide Emission: A Structural Human Ecology Analysis of Onroad and Residential Sectors in the Conterminous U.S.
Authors: Crawford Thomas W.
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the role of urban form as a technological driver of U.S. CO2 emissions for the onroad and residential sectors. The STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Region on Population, Affluence, and Technology) human structural ecology framework is extended by drawing from science and technology studies (STS) to theorize urban form as a sociotechnical system involving practices and knowledge that contribute to urban land use as a material artifact on the landscape influencing emissions. Questions addressed are: (1) “What is the influence of urban form on total sector CO2 emissions?” and (2) “How does the influence of urban form on CO2 emissions differ for metropolitan versus non-metropolitan status?” Spatial error regression models were estimated using county-level CO2 emissions data from Project Vulcan. The National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) was used to quantify measures of urban form. Other independent variables were derived from U.S. Census data. Results demonstrate carbon reduction benefits achievable through a developed land use mix containing a greater proportion of high intensity relative to low intensity use. Urban form matters, but it matters differently in terms of sign, significance, and interpretation depending on emission sector and metro versus non-metro status. A focus on urban form provides policymakers potential leverage for carbon mitigation efforts that focus on total emissions as opposed to per capita emission. A feature of the research is its integration of concepts and theory from structural human ecology, STS, land change science, and GIScience.
Development of Models for Prompt Responses from Natural Disasters
Authors: Jung Kichul , Park Daeryong , Park Sangki
Published: September 2020

This study aims to provide an enhanced model for rapid responses from natural disasters by estimating the maximum structural displacement. The linear regression, support vector machine, and Gaussian process regression (GPR) models were applied to obtain displacement estimates. Further, normalization (NM) and standardization (SD) of variables, and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to improve model performance. The k-fold cross-validation approach was used to assess the results from the models based on the root-mean-square error and the R-squared indices. According to the results, the GPR model with NM and SD tended to provide the best estimates among the three models. The model that was based on a PCA value of 97% yielded better displacement estimation than the models with PCA values of 95% and 100%. Based on the displacement estimation, the maximum inter-story drift ratio was used to produce the fragility curve that can be used for risk assessment. The fragility curve parameters obtained from the actual numerical and predicted models were investigated and yielded similar responses. The proposed model can thus provide accurate and quick responses in disaster case by rapidly predicting the structural damage information.
Gravity Tests with Radio Pulsars
Authors: Wex Norbert , Kramer Michael
Published: September 2020

The discovery of the first binary pulsar in 1974 has opened up a completely new field of experimental gravity. In numerous important ways, pulsars have taken precision gravity tests quantitatively and qualitatively beyond the weak-field slow-motion regime of the Solar System. Apart from the first verification of the existence of gravitational waves, binary pulsars for the first time gave us the possibility to study the dynamics of strongly self-gravitating bodies with high precision. To date there are several radio pulsars known which can be utilized for precision tests of gravity. Depending on their orbital properties and the nature of their companion, these pulsars probe various different predictions of general relativity and its alternatives in the mildly relativistic strong-field regime. In many aspects, pulsar tests are complementary to other present and upcoming gravity experiments, like gravitational-wave observatories or the Event Horizon Telescope. This review gives an introduction to gravity tests with radio pulsars and its theoretical foundations, highlights some of the most important results, and gives a brief outlook into the future of this important field of experimental gravity.
A Unique Relative of Rotifer Birnavirus Isolated from Australian Mosquitoes
Authors: O’Brien Caitlin A. , Pegg Cassandra L. , Nouwens Amanda S. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Huang Bixing , Warrilow David , Harrison Jessica J. , Haniotis John , Schulz Benjamin L. , Paramitha Devina , Colmant Agathe M. G. , Newton Natalee D. , Doggett Stephen L. , Watterson Daniel , Hobson-Peters Jody , Hall Roy A.
Published: September 2020

The family Birnaviridae are a group of non-enveloped double-stranded RNA viruses which infect poultry, aquatic animals and insects. This family includes agriculturally important pathogens of poultry and fish. Recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have identified closely related birnaviruses in Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes. Using a broad-spectrum system based on detection of long double-stranded RNA, we have discovered and isolated a birnavirus from Aedes notoscriptus mosquitoes collected in northern New South Wales, Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of Aedes birnavirus (ABV) showed that it is related to Rotifer birnavirus, a pathogen of microscopic aquatic animals. In vitro cell infection assays revealed that while ABV can replicate in Aedes-derived cell lines, the virus does not replicate in vertebrate cells and displays only limited replication in Culex- and Anopheles-derived cells. A combination of SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the ABV capsid precursor protein (pVP2) is larger than that of other birnaviruses and is partially resistant to trypsin digestion. Reactivity patterns of ABV-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies indicate that the neutralizing epitopes of ABV are SDS sensitive. Our characterization shows that ABV displays a number of properties making it a unique member of the Birnaviridae and represents the first birnavirus to be isolated from Australian mosquitoes.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Carrier Platform Containing Synthetic TLR4 Agonist Mediates Non-Viral DNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Francis Jasmine E. , Skakic Ivana , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Shukla Ravi , Taki Aya C. , Walduck Anna , Smooker Peter M.
Published: September 2020

There is a growing demand for better delivery systems to improve the stability and efficacy of DNA vaccines. Here we report the synthesis of a non-viral DNA vaccine delivery system using a novel adjuvanted solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN-A) platform as a carrier for a DNA vaccine candidate encoding the Urease alpha (UreA) antigen from Helicobacter pylori. Cationic SLN-A particles containing monophosphoryl lipid A (adjuvant) were synthesised by a modified solvent-emulsification method and were investigated for their morphology, zeta potential and in vitro transfection capacity. Particles were found to bind plasmid DNA to form lipoplexes, which were characterised by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and fluorescence microscopy. Cellular uptake studies confirmed particle uptake within 3 h, and intracellular localisation within endosomal compartments. In vitro studies further confirmed the ability of SLN-A particles to stimulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in human macrophage-like Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells. Lipoplexes were found to be biocompatible and could be efficiently transfected in murine immune cells for expression of recombinant H. pylori antigen Urease A, demonstrating their potential as a DNA vaccine delivery system.
Enhancement of Immune Response and Anti-Infection of Mice by Porcine Antimicrobial Peptides and Interleukin-4/6 Fusion Gene Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Peng Junjie , Xiao Yongle , Wan Xiaoping , Chen Qian , Wang Huan , Li Jiangling , Chen Jianlin , Gao Rong
Published: September 2020

In order to develop a novel and effective immunoregulator to enhance both the immune response and antimicrobial function, a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid-pVAX1 co-expressing fusion cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and fusion porcine interleukin-4/6 gene (IL-4/6) was constructed and encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CS-VAP4/6), prepared by the ionotropic gelation method. Four-week-old female Kunming mice were divided into three groups and intramuscularly injected, respectively, with CS-VAP, CS-VAP4/6, and CS-pVAX1. On 28 days post-inoculation, the mice were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922); IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells increased significantly in the VAP- and VAP4/6- treated mice, detected by ELISA and flow cytometry, correspondingly (p < 0.05). As analyzed by qPCR, expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-23, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) genes were also significantly up-regulated in comparison with those of the control mice (p < 0.05). Their immunological markers were elevated significantly to different degrees in CS-VAP4/6-treated mice compared with CS-VAP in different days post-inoculation (p < 0.05). After challenge with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, most of the VAP- and VAP4/6- treated mice survived, and no symptoms of bacterial infection were observed. In contrast, 80% of control mice died of infection. Among the treated groups, VAP4/6 had a stronger resistance against challenge with E. coli infection. These results demonstrated that the fusion gene of antimicrobial peptide and interleukin-4/6 has the promising potential as a safe and effective immunomodulator for the control of bacterial infections.
Recent Progress in the Development of Liver Fluke and Blood Fluke Vaccines
Authors: McManus Donald P.
Published: September 2020

Liver flukes (Fasciola spp., Opisthorchis spp., Clonorchis sinensis) and blood flukes (Schistosoma spp.) are parasitic helminths causing neglected tropical diseases that result in substantial morbidity afflicting millions globally. Affecting the world’s poorest people, fasciolosis, opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis and schistosomiasis cause severe disability; hinder growth, productivity and cognitive development; and can end in death. Children are often disproportionately affected. F. hepatica and F. gigantica are also the most important trematode flukes parasitising ruminants and cause substantial economic losses annually. Mass drug administration (MDA) programs for the control of these liver and blood fluke infections are in place in a number of countries but treatment coverage is often low, re-infection rates are high and drug compliance and effectiveness can vary. Furthermore, the spectre of drug resistance is ever-present, so MDA is not effective or sustainable long term. Vaccination would provide an invaluable tool to achieve lasting control leading to elimination. This review summarises the status currently of vaccine development, identifies some of the major scientific targets for progression and briefly discusses future innovations that may provide effective protective immunity against these helminth parasites and the diseases they cause.
Advances in the Development of Anti-Haemonchus contortus Vaccines: Challenges, Opportunities, and Perspectives
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Hu Rui-Si , Liang Qin-Li , Hou Jun-Ling , Song Xiaokai , Yan Ruofeng , Zhu Xing-Quan , Li Xiangrui
Published: September 2020

The gastrointestinal nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) is a resident of tropical and subtropical regions worldwide that imposes significant production losses, economic losses, and animal health issues in the small ruminant industry, particularly sheep and goats. Considerable efforts have been made to understand how immunity is elicited against H. contortus infection. Various potential vaccine antigens have been tested by different methods and strategies applied in animal models, and significant progress has been made in the development of vaccines against H. contortus. This review highlighted and shared the knowledge about the current understanding of host immune responses to H. contortus and ongoing challenges in the development of a protective, effective, and long-lasting vaccine against H. contortus infection. We have also pinpointed some achievements and failures in the development and testing of vaccines, which will establish a road map for future research directions to explore new effective vaccine candidates for controlling and preventing H. contortus infection.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Authors: Benvenuti Elena , Pierini Alessio , Gori Eleonora , Lucarelli Claudia , Lubas George , Marchetti Veronica
Published: September 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorder leading to structural changes in the intestinal wall. In humans, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a promising marker of IBD. This study evaluated the possible clinical and prognostic significance of the NLR in dogs with IBD. This retrospective study enrolled 41 dogs diagnosed with IBD presented to University of Pisa from January 2017 to January 2018. For each dog, age, sex, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI), endoscopic and histopathological grading were recorded. Complete blood count, serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein at the time of endoscopy were recorded. A control group (CG) of healthy dogs from a blood donor database was built. NLR was calculated for both IBD and CG as the ratio between absolute neutrophils and lymphocytes. Presence of crypt distension, lacteal dilation (LD), mucosal fibrosis, intraepithelial lymphocytes was recorded. Follow-up information was obtained from electronic medical records and dogs were classified as responders and non-responders based on CCECAI variation between admission and the first recheck. IRE dogs showed higher NLR compared to healthy dogs. NLR correlated negatively with total protein, albumin, and cholesterol and correlated positively with CCECAI. Dogs with LD showed higher NLR than dogs without LD. Non-responders showed higher NLR compared to responders. In conclusion, as in IBD human patients, the NLR acts as an inflammatory marker providing further information on severity of the disease and could be useful in predicting treatment response.
Studi Analisi Pola Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Film Surga yang tak Dirindukan Karya Kunts Agus Tahun 2015
Authors: Muslimin Khoirul , Jannah Lailiyatuzzahroh Al
Published: September 2020

Impersonal communication is the most basic thing. Through the good impersonal communication, the relationship that tied in is good too. In “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” movie, there are some scene that describe impersonal communication among the actors. Besides as the place of impersonal communication, “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” contains the preaching contents that can be use for faundation of attitude and standing. The movie was released on July 2015 that directed by Kuntz Agus. The purpose of the research is to know how the pattern of impersonal communication in “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” movie, and search the preaching contents that contained in it. The kind of the research is descriptive qualitative and semiotic data analysis of Roland Barthes type. The result of the research is the communication that used among the actors of “Surga yang Tak Dirindukan” movie. It is diadic communication (communication between two people), that happen on primer and secunder. But sometimes also use triadic communication (communication among three people). Some preaching contents that contained in it are helping someone who needs, being a good leader, being a loyal wife, being a good sincer kind mother and sincerity to yield.
KONSEP RASIONALISME RENE DESCARTES DAN RELEVASINYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ILMU DAKWAH
Authors: Riyadi Agus , Sukma Helena Vidya
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Descartes proclaimed that only reason or ratio could be the only reliable basis, and not faith or revelation as always held by medieval times. Apart from that method of doubt, Descartes traced his philosophical thinking by doubting everything in an effort to achieve the ultimate certainty he always missed. Although in the end he realized that there really wasn’t anything right, except uncertainty itself. The revelation of Descartes’ thinking on the problem of ergo sum is seen as not inherent in the science of da’wah, which is still limited by the truth of the naqli argument. The thought of Descartes which is considered relevant to the science of da’wah lies in the theory of knowledge developed, of course by using the scientific methodology flow. The challenge of proving the truth of Islamic teachings in the field of da’wah is a necessity.

Keywords: Rationalism Development, Da’wah.

Descartes memproklamirkan bahwa hanya akal atau rasio sajalah yang dapat menjadi satu-satunya dasar yang dapat dipercaya, dan bukan iman atau wahyu sebagaimana yang selalu dipegangi oleh abad pertengahan. Selain itu metode keraguannya, Descartes menapaki pemikiran filosofisnya dengan menyangsikan segala sesuatu dalam upaya mencapai suatu kepastian hakiki yang selalu ia rindukan. Meskipun pada akhirnya ia menyadari bahwa sesungguhnya tidak ada sesuatu yang benar, kecuali ketidakpastian itu sendiri. Revelansi pemikiran Descartes dalam persoalan cogitu ergo sum dipandang tidak inheren dengan keilmuan dakwah, yang masih terbatasi dengan kebenaran dalil naqli. Pemikiran Descartes yang dianggap relevan dengan keilmuan dakwah terletak pada teori pengetahuan yang dikembangkan, tentunya dengan menggunakan alur metodologi ilmiah. Tantangan untuk membuktikan kebenaran ajaran Islam dalam kancah ilmu dakwah merupakan sebuah keniscayaan.

Kata Kunci: Rasionalisme, Pengembangan, Ilmu Dakwah
PENGELOLAAN PEMERINTAHAN DESA MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOSIOKULTURAL PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Rianto Agus , Wildanu Eka , Afnan Dikhorir
Published: September 2020

Socio-cultural involvement is needed to realize independent and transparent village development. Village autonomy should be an opportunity for village officials to detect the resources they have, and be sensitive to existing problems. The methodology used in this study is descriptive qualitative based on the essence of the data to be collected and analyzed, as well as theoretical considerations and views on science. The results and discussion of this research are independence, community participation, relationships, and a sense of fairness are often associated with the concept of empowerment in the discourse of community development. Among these concepts, community participation is at the forefront of generating independence and the empowerment process itself. The conclusion of this research is that discipline is the most important function of human resource management and the key to the realization of goals, because without good discipline it is difficult to realize maximum goals.

Keywords: Village Government, Community Empowerment, Socio cultural

Dibutuhkan keterlibatan sosiokultural untuk mewujudkan pembangunan desa yang mandiri dan transparan. Otonomi desa seharusnya menjadi peluang bagi aparatur desa untuk mendeteksi sumberdaya yang dimiliki, serta peka terhadap problematika yang ada. Metodologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang mendasarkan pada esensi data yang akan dikumpulkan dan dianalisis, serta pertimbangan teoretis dan pandangan terhadap ilmu. Hasil dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah kemandirian, peran serta masyarakat, relasi, dan rasa adil seringkali dihubungkan dengan konsep pemberdayaan dalam wacana pembangunan masyarakat. Di antara konsep ini, peran serta masyarakat berada pada ujung tombak pembangkitan kemandirian dan proses pemberdayaan itu sendiri. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu bahwa kedisiplinan merupakan fungsi pengelolaan sumber daya manusia yang terpenting dan kunci terwujudnya tujuan, karena tanpa disiplin yang baik sulit terwujud tujuan yang maksimal.

Kata Kunci: Pemerintah Desa, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Sosiokultural
DAKWAH DAN PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Tohir Sya'roni
Published: September 2020

Community development is an effort to improve the social strata of community life from education, economy and social culture. If we relate it to da'wah, then community development is part of da'wah's work. Why does the writer say part of preaching work? Because preaching work is broader than just community development.

Da'wah is to invite people to the goodness (all goodness). What is good is improved to be better. The point of preaching is to make multi-dimensional improvements. The dimension of the relationship between the servant and his Lord and the dimension of the relationship between the servant and the servant. And the relationship between the servant and himself. Like the dimension of monotheism, knowledge, economy, health, law, human rights and culture.

If we observe the things done by community development activists, then we can conclude that the concepts that are carried out in the efforts of community development are part of the concept of da'wah. If so, then the concept of community development is the concept of da'wah.
KOLOREKTAL KANSERLİ HASTALARDA TAMAMLAYICI-ALTERNATİF TERAPİ KULLANIMI İLE YAŞAM KALİTESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: AYDIN SAYILAN Aylin , YILDIZELİ TOPÇU Sacide
Published: September 2020

Kolorektal kanserler (KRK) tamamlayıcı alternatif terapi (TAT) kullanımının gittikçe arttığı bir kanser türüdür.Bu çalışmanın amacı, cerrahi girişim uygulanmış kolorektal kanserli hastalarda, TAT kullanımı ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir.Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı bu araştırma, 01 Ocak 2018-31 Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında kolorektal kansere ilişkin tedavi süreci devam eden 170 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, yüz yüze ve telefonla görüşme tekniğiyle, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu ve WHOQOL-Bref Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler, t-testi, korelasyon ve varyans analizi kullanılmıştır.Araştırmaya katılan hastaların, %25.9’unun hastalık belirtilerini giderme amaçlı TAT kullandığı ve en çok dua etme (%90.7) gibi manevi yöntemlere başvurduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş ve ailede KRK öyküsü ile yaşam kalitesi arasında ilişki bulunduğu, gevşemeye ilişkin yöntem kullanımının hastaların yaşam kalitesi alt parametrelerinden fiziksel sağlık, psikolojik ve sosyal ilişkileri olumlu etkilediği saptanmıştır. Özellikle gevşemeyi sağlayan, zihin-beden temelli TAT yaklaşımları KRK hastalarının yaşam kalitelerinde iyileşme sağlamaktadır. KRK nedeniyle cerrahi girişim geçiren hastalara taburculuk öncesi TAT uygulamaları ve etkilerine yönelik bilgi verilmesi ve devam eden süreçte, hastaların uygun TAT yöntemlerinin kullanımına yönelik desteklenmesinin yanısıra yaşam kalitesini arttırmaya yönelik verilmesi önerilmektedir.
ÇOCUK VE ERGENLERDE D VİTAMİNİ DÜZEYİNİN YAŞ, CİNSİYET, YERLEŞİM YERİ VE MEVSİM İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: OKAN Sevil , OKAN Fatih , DEMİR Osman
Published: September 2020

Çalışmanın amacı 0-17 yaş arası çocuk ve ergenlerde 25(OH)D vitamini seviyesinin mevsim, yaş, cinsiyet ve yerleşim yeri ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Eylül 2016-Eylül 2017 tarihleri arasında hastane otomasyon sisteminden retrospektif olarak taranan çocuklar ve ergenler bölge, yaş, cinsiyet ve 25 (OH) D vitamini düzeyine göre değerlendirildi. Çalışmada yaş ortalaması 8.21±5.48; 25(OH)D vitamini ortalaması 20.54±13.04 ng/ml olarak bulundu. Çalışmaya dahil edilen 5356 çocuk ve ergenin yalnızca %19.7’sinin (n=1056) D vitamini düzeyi yeterli olarak tespit edildi. 25(OH)D vitamini düzeyi ortalaması kırsal ve kentsel alanda yaşayanlarda benzer bulundu (p=0.673). Kızların 25(OH)D vitamini düzeyi ortalaması erkeklere göre anlamlı şekilde daha düşüktü (sırasıyla 18.5±13.07 ng/ml - 23.03±12.58 ng/ml) (p<0.001). Yaş gruplarına göre 25(OH)D vitamini düzeyi ortalaması en yüksek 1- 6 yaş grubunda görülürken (26.97±14.34 ng/ml), en düşük 7-17 yaş grubunda saptandı (15.77±9.19 ng/ml) (p<0.001). 25(OH)D vitamin düzeyi ortalaması en yüksek yaz mevsiminde (25.62±14 ng/ml) iken en düşük kış mevsiminde (16.95±11.76 ng/ml) tespit edildi (p<0.001). D vitamini düzeyi yaş, cinsiyet ve mevsim ile ilişkili bulundu. Sağlık profesyonelleri iskelet sistemi gelişimi için önemli bir dönemde olan çocuk ve ergenlerde D vitamini eksiliği sıklığını göz önünde bulundurmalıdır. Tüm mevsimlerde D vitamini desteği planlanarak, D vitamini eksikliğinin ve bunun getirdiği sağlık sorunlarının erkenden önüne geçilmelidir.
Kedudukan Hukum Pengawas Bank Syariah yang Dilakukan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI)
Authors: Putra Rulanda Sija , Diane Zaini Zulfi , Safitri Melisa
Published: September 2020

Perbankan memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan khususnya dalam menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Bank adalah salah satu lembaga pembiayaan yang menghimpun dana masyarakat dan menyalurkan kembali pada masyarakat. salah satunya adalah Bank Syariah. Bank Syariah adalah bank yang menerapkan sistem perbankan dengan berlandaskan dengan Syariat islam yaitu Hadist dan Al-Qur'an. Dalam prakteknya perbankan syariah perlu di awasi agar produk atau kegiatan perbankan yang dilakukan tidak melanggar aturan hukum dan syariat islam. pengawasan perbankan syariah dilakukan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) dalam melakukan perannya sebagai pengawas perbankan syariah perlu  di ketahui Fungsi Pengaturan Pengawasannya dan Hubungan Hukum antara OJK dan DSN-MUI dalam melakukan pengawasan Lembaga Perbankan Syariah. Penelitian menggunakan metode Yuridis Normatif dan Yuridis Empiris. Hasil dari penelitian pengaturan fungsi pengawasan Lembaga Perbankan Syariah oleh OJK berlandaskan pada Pasal 34 Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2009 tentang Bank Indonesia serta Pasal 55 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dan Dasar Hukum Fungsi pengwasan DSN-MUI pada Pasal 32 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perbankan Syariah dan Hubungan Hukum antara OJK dan DSN-MUI memiliki hubungan kemitraan dimana dalam hal pengawasan lembaga perbankan syariah OJK melakukan pengawasan eksternal sedangkan DSN-MUI melalui DPS melakukan pengwasan secara internal.
Fortalecimento e expansão das línguas indígenas Macuxi e Wapichana em Roraima/Brasil
Authors: Machado Ananda , Buenafuente Sandra Maria Franco
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar como mudanças socioeconômicas impostas pelo processo de crescimento da região impactaram no modo de vida dos povos indígenas Macuxi e Wapichana, assim como as políticas e ações para o fortalecimento e valorização de suas línguas. A dimensão do fenômeno estudado compõe-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e analítica. A participação e o diálogo com organizações e lideranças indígenas permitiu o acesso a informações locais.  O escopo teórico abrange autores da economia sustentável: Sachs (2008), Sen (1999), Little (2002) e Furtado (1984); das políticas linguísticas: Oliveira (2010, 2015), Damulakis (2017), Lagares (2018) e da história de Roraima. Questões linguísticas influenciam diretamente e contribuem no incremento da economia indígena em Roraima. O texto mostra o status das línguas Macuxi e Wapichana em Roraima e pode ser tomado como sugestão para formulação de ações e políticas linguísticas que propiciem mudanças culturais e melhoria na qualidade de vida da população indígena e consequentemente de todos em Roraima.
Organizational and financial instruments of infrastructure supply modernization of regional water use
Authors: Fedulova S.O.
Published: September 2020

The article addresses the issues of determining the organizational and financial tools for modernization of infrastructure for regional water use. The main target priorities of strategic development of regions on the basis of water efficiency are determined, namely: reduction of the cost of water treatment and drainage; reduction of GRP water capacity; formation of a regional water cluster in order to streamline investment and innovation activities; introduction of perspective mechanisms of financial provision of water infrastructure of regional social and economic systems; introduction of perspective financial instruments of water infrastructure management of regions. It is actualized that the problem of regional water use in the conditions of deepening of transformation of infrastructural maintenance needs to be solved on separate spheres of economic activity. In this regard, the following elements of the water infrastructure of the regions are proposed — water supply and sewerage facilities, reservoirs and main canals, hydraulic inter-farm facilities of reclamation systems. Forms and tools of development of water-efficient regional systems in the form of organizational and financial tools of modernization of infrastructural maintenance of regional water use are formulated.
Formation of a cohort of anticovid plasma donors with high-titer antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Simarova I. B. , Kostin A. I. , Smirnova Ju. V. , Ladygina E. A. , Logunov D. Yu. , Dolzhikova I. V. , Ganchin V. V. , Vasin E. A. , Baykov A. I. , Bulanov A. Yu. , Borovkova N. V. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: September 2020

Background. The application of convalescent plasma (CP) is currently seen as a feasible therapeutic approach in the treatment of COVID-19.

Aim. To analyze the experience of recruiting a donor cohort from COVID-19 convalescents for banking of CP as part of a pilot project at the Moscow Healthcare Department.

Materials and methods. A retrospective research included 493 COVID-19 convalescents as potential CP donors, all examined at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. CP was banked using the plasmapheresis method. Only those donors with a documented medical history of COVID-19, which was confi rmed by polymerase chain reaction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in pharyngeal swabs, and no sooner than 14 days after complete recovery were eligible for donation. Viral neutralizing activity (VNA) was chosen as the key characteristic of the immunological viability of CP. All the donors having VNA titers were characterized in terms of gender, age, time interval since the disease onset, regression of clinical symptoms and clinical features of the COVID 19 course.

Results. Effective (1:160 or more) and acceptable (1:80) VNA titers were found in 21.1 % and 24.75 % of donors, respectively. Signifi cant predictors for a donor having a high VNA titer included: male sex, age over 36 years and verifi ed viral pneumonia. The absence of a signifi cant body temperature response (38.5 °С) can be considered as a negative marker of a potential donor.
HLA allele repertoire in Russian chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with an unfavorable prognosis
Authors: Biderman B. V. , Likold E. B. , Abdrakhimova A. R. , Leonov E. A. , Khamaganova E. G. , Sudarikov A. B.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. An unfavorable prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with unmutated status of rearranged IGHV genes. CLL is also characterized by a narrowing of the repertoire of IGHV genes and the formation of quasiidentical (stereotyped) receptors, which is probably associated with antigenic selection of the tumor B-cell clone in the pathogenesis of the disease. The HLA phenotype plays an important role in antigenic selection of B cells. On the other hand, the association of specifi c HLA alleles with various diseases has been described.

Aim. To assess the frequencies of HLA alleles in CLL patients with unmutated IGHV genes and the most common stereotyped receptors (SARs).

Materials and methods. The study included 100 CLL patients with unmutated IGHV genes - 50 with the most common stereotyped antigen receptors (SARs) and 50 with non-stereotyped antigenic receptors. Control group of healthy donors was also included.

Results. Signifi cant differences in HLA-allele repertoire between this two groups of patients and groups of donors were found. B*18 allele group was found much more common in patients with SARs than in donors and in patients without SARs. HLA-B*39 was more frequent for patients with SARs compared to donors; in patients without SARs these alleles were not found. For all patients, the frequency of HLA-B*52 alleles was higher than for donors. HLA-C*12 allelic group was found more frequent in CLL patients than in donors. HLA-DRB1*15 in CLL patients with SARs was found twice as often as in healthy donors or patients without SARs, while HLA-DRB1*13, oppositely, was found twice as rare. HLA-DRB1*16 was signifi cantly more frequent in patients without SARs, compared with donors and the patients with SARs. No signifi cant differences were found in the HLA-A and HLA-DQB1 loci.

Conclusion. The association of two HLA alleles with “unmutated” CLL and two others with CLL bearing prognostically unfavorable SARs was found. HLA typing of expanded samples of CLL patients with different prognosis and course of the disease will provide more information on the mechanisms of antigen selection in the pathogenesis of CLL and improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Clinical guidelines for cryosupernatant transfusions
Authors: Galstyan G. M. , Gaponova T. V. , Sherstnev F. S. , Kupryashov A. A. , Olovnikova N. I. , Zozulya N. I. , Troitskaya V. V. , Mazurok V. A. , Pevtcov D. E. , Salimov E. L. , Trakhtman P. E. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Cryosupernatant is blood component. Cryosupernatant is the supernatant plasma removed during the preparation of cryoprecipitate.

Aim. To provide information on the composition and methods of production, storage, transportation and clinical use of Cryosupernatant.

General fi ndings. In comparison with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate, Cryosupernatant plasma is depleted in factor VIII, fi brinogen factor von Willebrand (VWF). Cryosupernatant is defi cient in high molecular weight multimers of VWF, but contains VWF metalloproteinase. The concentrations of factor V, antithrombin III, albumin and immunoglobulins are the same as in FFP and cryoprecipitate. The indications for Cryosupernatant transfusions are massive blood loss in patients with factor VIII inhibitor, plasma exchange in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. For children the doses of Cryosupernatant should be 10-15 mL/kg.
Anomaly Detection via Mining Numerical Workflow Relations from Logs
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Hongyu , Moscato Pablo , Zhang Aozhong
Published: September 2020

Complex software intensive systems, especially distributed systems, generate logs for troubleshooting. The logs are text messages recording system events, which can help engineers determine the system's runtime status. This paper proposes a novel approach named ADR (stands for Anomaly Detection by workflow Relations) that employs matrix nullspace to mine numerical relations from log data. The mined relations can be used for both offline and online anomaly detection and facilitate fault diagnosis. We have evaluated ADR on log data collected from two distributed systems, HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) and BGL (IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputers system). ADR successfully mined 87 and 669 numerical relations from the logs and used them to detect anomalies with high precision and recall. For online anomaly detection, ADR employs PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) to find the optimal sliding windows' size and achieves fast anomaly detection.

The experimental results confirm that ADR is effective for both offline and online anomaly detection.
Pengaruh Penambahan Asap Cair Terhadap Karakteristik Sensoris Kemplang Panggang Udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Sari Dwi Inda , Herpandi Herpandi , Rinto Rinto
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan asap cair terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan sensori kemplang panggang udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan satu faktor perlakuan dan dilakukan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu perbedaan konsentrasi asap cair (0%, 2,5%, 5% dan 7,5%). Berdasarkan hasil uji sensori penelitian tahap pertama didapatkan formulasi A3 sebagai formulasi terbaik dengan proporsi udang:tepung:air dengan nilai 1:2:1/2. Formulasi terbaik digunakan untuk tahapan pembuatan kemplang panggang udang putih. Hasil uji mutu hedonik menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mutu hedonik panelis mencapai 8, dengan tingkat kesukaan tertinggi yaitu di perlakuan A4 untuk parameter kenampakan, aroma, tekstur, sedangkan untuk rasa, nilai tertinggi di perlakuan A2. Perlakuan terbaik dari penelitian ini yaitu pada perlakuan A4 dengan konsentrasi asap cair 7,5%.
Ekstraksi Flavour dari Tepung Ikan Layang (Decapterus sp.) Menggunakan Enzim Protease Biduri (Calotropis gigantea)
Authors: Tondais Jumardi , Sombo David Engelbert , Lalenoh Bella Anjelika , Mappiratu Mappiratu , Adrian Adrian , Cahyono Eko
Published: September 2020

The development of science and technology has resulted in many mononatrium glutamate (MSG) flavorings which can have side effects for human health. The development of natural flavors needs to be done to reduce side effects for human health. Betell plant sap can be used as a source of protease enzymes that have the potential as active agents in flavor production. Flavors can be obtained from animal protein such as flying fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the best treatment of the enzyme biduri in producing flavored flying fish. This study uses a factorial completely randomized design (RALF) method with concentrations of 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% slurry proteases with a hydrolysis duration of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The results obtained indicate that the best water content at a concentration of 1.5% hydrolysis time is 90 minutes (47,84%), dissolved protein in concentration 2.5% hydrolysis time 60 minutes (86,83%), total amino acids in concentration 1.5% hydrolysis time 90 minutes (3,11%), and organoleptic value in concentration 1.5%.
THE EFFECT OF ANIMATED FILM ON STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WRITE NARRATIVE TEXT AT CLASS X MIA 5 OF SMAN 9 KENDARI
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: September 2020

Who registers in academic year 2014/2015. This research involved 40 students at class X. The instrument of this study was writing task in narrative genre. And the criteria of students‟ writing were assessed from five aspects of writing, namely content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanic. The data were obtained by using two essay writing tests. They were pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was given before the treatment and the post-test was given after the treatment finished. The data of the pre-test and post-test were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. After the data were tested and found to be normal, the hypothesis was tested using the analysis of paired sample test. The result showed that there was significant effect of students‟ writing ability after teaching by using audio visual media (animated film). It can be seen on the result of the hypothesis testing using  paired sample test. The mean score of pre-test was 61.92 and mean score post-test was 75.63. Morever, as a  result the probability value of .000 (p value) was less than the level of significant (p < .05). Therefore, it can be said that using audio visual media (animated film) gives significant effect to increase students‟  ability to write narrative text at class X Mia 5 of SMAN 9 Kendari. Keywords: Writing, Animated Film, Narrative Text
AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN ONE DIRECTION ALBUM
Authors: Agustin Tuti Dwi , Tanduklangi Amri , Sapan Yulius Tandi
Published: September 2020

Lyrics in song are intended to send a message to the audience or music lovers.  Composers use figurative language as the media to convey their message. One of the figurative languages that is mostly used in song’s lyrics is Metaphor. This study was intended to investigate the types of metaphor used in One Direction Album. The objective of this study to identify the types of metaphor found in the song lyrics and to analyze metaphor meaning in One Direction song. This study adopted a descriptive qualitative research design. Three songs by One Direction had been chosen as the data of this study; Story of My Life, Steal My Girl and Drag Me Down. The data were analyzed its metaphor by using Lakoff and Johnson theory, while in investigating the meaning, Chaer’s theory of contextual meaning was used. The result of the study showed that based on the three types of metaphor, structural metaphor becomes the most frequently used in the song lyrics, meanwhile 2 of 3 songs used all of the three types of metaphor; Orientation, Structural and Ontological Metaphor. In answering the second research question about the meaning of each metaphor, each lyric has been analyzed through content analysis to know the true meaning of what the song writer want to express in his/her lyrics and each lyric has different contextual meaning which is elaborated further in this study. Keywords: Metaphor, Meaning, One Direction’s Album
THE EFFECT OF SHADOWING TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY OF EIGHT GRADE AT SMP NEGERI 1 PARIGI
Authors: Astriyani Melly , Miliha La , Fatmawati Wa Ode
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to find out the effect of shadowing technique on students’ speaking ability. The design of this study is quasi experimental were consist of two   classes;   experimental   class   and   control   class   of students’ eight grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Parigi. The researcher applied purposive sampling technique. The instrument of this research was oral test in pre-test and post-test.  This  study  was  conducted  from  March  21st  to April  7th,  2018.  The  instrument  used  for  collecting  data were speaking test and the data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0. The findings show the students speaking score in experimental class is higher than the students speaking score in control class. It has proved by the comparison of the mean score from both control class and experimental class. The mean score of post-test in control group is 2.52 and the mean score of post-test in experimental group is 3.31. The gain score from post-test in control group to post-test in experimental group is 0.79. Furthermore, the effect size of the study is 0.6 and it indicates there is any significant effect of shadowing technique on students’ speaking ability of eight grade students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Parigi. In short, shadowing technique is recommended to teacher to be use in teaching and learning process as an additional technique in teaching speaking especially to students speaking ability. Keywords: Speaking Ability, Shadowing technique
THE EFFECT OF INSIDE-OUTSIDE CIRCLE (IOC) TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY AT SMA NEGERI 1 KABANGKA
Authors: Saputri Dia Ayu , Sale Firdaus , Siam Siam
Published: September 2020

The purpose of conducting this research was to examine the effect of Inside-Outside Circle technique on students’ speaking ability at SMA Negeri 1 Kabangka. The population of this research was all the second grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Kabangka which consisted of five classes while the sample of this research was the second grade science program two (XI IPA2) which consisted of 24 students. This research was conducted in pre-experimental research design. The data of this research were collected by giving pre-test and post-test to students. The data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 version (descriptive analysis and inferential statistics). Descriptive analysis was used to describe the maximum scores, minimum scores, mean score and standard deviation while the inferential statistic was used to examine the hypothesis. The result showed that there was an improvement of the students’ speaking ability. It can be seen from the mean score of post-test was 52.89, while the mean score of pre-test was 29.45. In order to prove the hypothesis, the researcher took the conclusion by comparing between the values of Sig (2 tailed) with the significance α value. It showed that the value of Sig (2 tailed) was 0.000 while the significance α value was 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the value of Sig (2 tailed) was lower than the significance α value (0.000 < 0.05). In other words, the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. It was meant that Inside-Outside Circle had a significant effect on students’ speaking ability at SMA Negeri 1 Kabangka.
THE EFFECT OF AUDIOVISUAL METHOD ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ACHIEVEMENT AT SMPN 2 KENDARI
Authors: Anggriani Andi Dina , Suhartini Lelly , Fatmawati Wa Ode
Published: September 2020

This study aims to find out whether there is a significant effect of applying audio-visual method on students’ Speaking achievement of second grade students at SMPN 2 Kendari or not. Population of this research is the entire second grade class in academic year 2017/2018 of SMPN 2 Kendari. The total numbers of the population are 280 students where class VIII B as experimental class  and VIII A as control class were chosen as the sample of this study used purposive sampling technique. This study applied quasi-experimental design which concerned on two groups; they are control group and experimental group. These two groups received a different treatment. The implementation of audio-visual method was applied on experimental class. The data which analyzed in this study was quantitative data; it gained from the pretest and posttest result of the two classes which analyzed using descriptive statistic and inferential analysis (Independent sample t-test). The result shows that the gain of the mean score of experimental class 1.76 is higher than the gain score of control class 0.57. It shows that teaching speaking by Audiovisual method in the experimental class has a better effect in enhancing students’ speaking achievement. Then the result of hypothesis testing showed that the value of  Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.044 which smaller than (<0.05). Hence, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means that there is significant effect of Audiovisual method on students’ speaking achievement at eight grade of SMP N 2 Kendari. Keywords: Speaking, Audiovisual, Learning method