bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A holistic model of the servicescape in fast casual dining
Authors: Line Nathaniel Discepoli , Hanks Lydia
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The servicescape is increasingly being recognized as a function of two distinct components: physical and social. While these two dimensions have often been studied independently, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of both dimensions simultaneously in a fast casual restaurant context.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 1,110 fast casual restaurant patrons in the USA was collected. The data were analyzed using nested structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results suggest that both the social and the physical servicescape can affect consumption behavior in the fast casual restaurant industry and crowding can act a moderator of these relationships.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, these results are significant because they suggest the importance of capturing a holistic account of the servicescape when conducting research on the consumption environment.

Practical implications

This study is among the first to examine the effect of the social servicescape (and specifically the effect of crowding) in fast casual restaurants. The results suggest that restaurateurs need to be mindful that crowding affects the relationship between social servicescape and satisfaction.

Originality/value

This research is the first to look at both aspects of the servicescape as drivers of consumer behavior in the fast casual dining segment. Additionally, this research makes a second contribution by assessing the effect of crowding on the servicescape-driven relationships inherent in the proposed model.
Green candidate selection for organizational environmental management
Authors: Adjei-Bamfo Peter , Bempong Bernard , Osei Jane , Kusi-Sarpong Simonov
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new typological environmentally sustainable human resources management evaluation framework to aid green candidate selection process for environmental management in developing economy local government agencies.

Design/methodology/approach

Presenting the narrative of developing economies local government context, this paper conducts an extensive review of relevant literature on green human resources management (GHRM) and green recruitment and selection.

Findings

Drawing on Siyambalapitiya et al. (2018) and the resource-based theory (RBT), the paper proposes and discusses an evaluation framework for guiding organizations’ green candidate selection process. The framework comprises of seven stages which begins with “training recruiters on green candidate assessment” to “making selection decision and inducting selected candidate” on organization’s environmental management policies and practices, and its green values.

Research limitations/implications

Application of the proposed framework has implications for enhancing organizations’ efficiency, reducing cost, eliminating environment waste, as well as fostering green culture among employees. This paper also extends the strand of RBT by explaining how organizations could assess and select job applicants with significant intangible capability such as environmental management skills, knowledge and values to foster its competitive urge and sustainability.

Originality/value

This paper makes two main contribution to the GHRM literature. First, the paper proposes a new typological environmentally sustainable human resources management evaluation framework. Secondly, the paper focuses the framework on developing economies and local government organizations context, something that is currently non-existent.
Effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on earnings management in Malaysia
Authors: Wan Mohammad Wan Masliza , Wasiuzzaman Shaista
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on earnings management in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of audit committee independence, board ethnicity and family ownership on corporate governance is investigated via 1,206 firm-year observations between the fiscal years of 2004 and 2009 of Bursa Malaysia listed firms. Panel data regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship.

Findings

The findings of this study fail to associate the role of audit committee independence as proposed under RMCCG (2007) in curtailing earnings management activities, thus supporting the findings on power distance scores that power granted to the top management may result in less effective independent directors. Nonetheless, in support of the alignment effect theory, family ownership is found to reduce earnings management activities. The findings show that corporate governance is more effective in developing country family firms due to their long history of family reputation and the importance of institutional culture factors.

Research limitations/implications

This study focuses on board ethnicity, family ownership and its influence on earnings management.

Originality/value

This study offers insights into the importance of family institutional structures on corporate governance reforms in Malaysia as Malaysian family firms are mostly traditional firms that have built their reputation and strength in the industry for many generations.
An empirical analysis of the performance of sponsored vs non-sponsored IPOs
Authors: Sivaprasad Sheeja , Dadhaniya Roshni
Published: January 2020

Purpose

India is one of the largest IPO markets in the world. However, IPO research in the developing world is limited. The purpose of this paper is to test the performance of Indian IPOs based on sponsored vs non-sponsored issues. The authors classify the IPO sample into venture capital (VC) and private equity (PE) sponsored issues and non-sponsored ones and include key operating characteristics as performance predictors.

Design/methodology/approach

The dependent variable is the buy-and-hold abnormal returns. The study uses key operating characteristics such as market capitalization, net sales, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, depreciation and amortization, price-to-book, asset turnover and leverage. A cross-sectional analysis is applied to test the long-run performance.

Findings

Sponsored IPO issues convey favourable information to investors about future earnings and prospects of the firm. The findings indicate that sponsored issues and, in particular PE sponsored issues are perceived by investors as having a positive impact on the operational performance of firms that the PE firms are involved in relative to the constituents of the index and this superior operational performance over time also leads to relatively better performing share prices. There are significant differences in terms of market size, industry classification and key operating characteristics across the three groups of issues.

Research limitations/implications

This study has had to deal with much smaller samples of PE and VC when compared to similar studies conducted in the developed markets such as the UK and the USA. Further robustness tests on the market performance using factor models posed a problem due to limitation of the availability of these factors.

Practical implications

For the capital markets investors and policy makers, this research demonstrates the increasingly important role that PE and VC funds play in the investment landscape in India. It exhibits the increasing investor confidence in the Indian capital markets.

Originality/value

Using a sample of Indian IPOs comprising VC sponsored and PE sponsored issues, this study analyses the performance of Indian IPOs in an emerging market setting. This study, thus, contributes to the limited IPO research undertaken in developing markets.
Effects of Lean Six Sigma in program management
Authors: Null Gary , Cross Jennifer A. , Brandon Charles
Published: January 2020

Purpose

As program managers seek to improve the quality, speed and financial benefits of the programs they manage, many are turning to process improvement methodologies, such as Lean Six Sigma (LSS). However, although existing literature includes multiple studies that apply the methodology to non-manufacturing environments, there is no specific framework for applying LSS within program management (PM). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between LSS tools, project scope, program phase and functional area and project outputs, in PM organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses archival data from 511 LSS projects completed from 2006 to 2015 by a large government agency in the USA composed of 13 PM organizations. The study focuses on four types of input factors: LSS tools, project scope, program phase and functional area; and two output variables: LSS project average financial benefits and percentage of improvement. Multiple regressions are applied to determine what relationships exist between the input and output variables, as well as the nature of such relationships.

Findings

The results of this study show LSS is beneficial to PM and also indicate which tools and organizational contexts have positive and negative associations with project outcomes, serving as guide for future applications. In addition, this study can provide clarity and confidence to program managers who are currently skeptical of LSS, by showing that it can provide cost, schedule and performance improvements beneficial to their programs.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations of this research include the use of a single government agency in the USA, the non-experimental design of the study and limitations associated with the nature and data collection process of the archival data. Future studies should include additional PM organizations, input variables and research designs.

Originality/value

There is no specific framework formalizing the concept of LSS application within PM. The literature includes several studies that apply the methodology to non-manufacturing environments, but not to PM specifically. Furthermore, the existing literature on PM does not explicitly cite any continuous improvement methodology as a critical success factor or provide any detailed guidelines for the application of LSS in PM. This paper contributes by studying the relationships between LSS tools, project scope, program phase and functional area, and project outputs, in a PM environment.
Individual bicultural identity and cultural intelligence
Authors: Wagstaff M. Fernanda , Kim Si Hyun , Jiménez Arévalo Fernando R. , Al-Riyami Said , Huerta Esperanza
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between individual bicultural identity and attitudes toward diversity. The authors also theorize and test the mechanism through which individual bicultural identity will be more likely to result in positive attitudes toward diversity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected survey data drawing from two different samples and two different measures of attitudes toward diversity. To test the hypotheses, the authors conducted structural equation modeling analyses.

Findings

The authors found that individual bicultural identity increases positive attitudes toward diversity and cultural intelligence partially mediates this relationship. Individual bicultural identity increases positive attitudes to others not necessarily known to us.

Originality/value

The authors integrate the cultural intelligence framework and the common in-group identity model in assessing the role of cultural intelligence in both individual bicultural identity and attitudes toward diversity.
Authentic leadership, knowledge sharing, and employees’ creativity
Authors: Zeb Ali , Abdullah Nor Hazana , Hussain Altaf , Safi Adnan
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the influence of authentic leadership on knowledge sharing and employee’s creativity through the mediating role of team environment of psychological safety and trust.

Design/methodology/approach

The participants in this study were 60 team leaders and 300 team members’ working in different Overseas Employment Promoters Agencies (OEPA) at Islamabad region, Pakistan. In addition to the authentic leadership of their supervisors, employees reported their perception of being psychologically safe and in the environment of team trust at work, whereas supervisors rated employee’s creativity at work areas. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out using structural equation modelling (SEM) for validation of results among the variables.

Findings

The major findings of the study were (a) authentic leadership positively predicted knowledge sharing and employees’ creativity through the mediator’s role of team environment (psychological safety and team environment of trust), and (b) team environment of psychological safety and team environment of trust affected both the knowledge sharing and employee’s creativity.

Practical implications

Authentic leadership has to be synergized with environment of psychological safety and team environment of trust, to enhance employees’ creativity. The results of the study delineated practical applications for both the researchers and policymakers. The results of this study would also augment the body of knowledge on human resource practices in both developed and developing countries.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to empirically examine the influence of authentic leadership on knowledge sharing and employee’s creativity through the mediator role of team environment of psychological safety and trust in OEPA in Pakistan.
That’s my stapler: vulnerable narcissists and organizational territoriality
Authors: Fennimore Anne
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine two underexplored topics in organizations, i.e. vulnerable narcissists in organizational settings and possible effects of territorial infringements among vulnerable narcissistic employees. The movie,Office Space, illustrates prototypical employee behavior mixed with comedically maladaptive personalities in a modern organizational context. However, the arson committed by character, Milton Waddams, suggests that some employees, especially those with disordered personalities, might violently respond to perceived territorial infringements.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper combines personality factors with territorial behavior to examine employee reactions to perceived injustices. Theoretical and practical implications are offered, as well as future research directions.

Findings

The argument presented suggests that the vulnerable narcissists may initiate destructive behavior in organizations with ego threats like territorial infringements. While anger is a natural defensive reaction, vulnerable narcissists are more likely to behave aggressively toward perceived territorial infringements due to their general negative affect.

Practical implications

Employees may react to infringement over seemingly subjective things; thus, managers must understand the nature of ownership by addressing territorial claims. Managers must remain cognizant that some disordered personalities are prone toward fulfilling threats, including organizational sabotage, deviance and white-collar crime. Environmental conditions can also compound the negative behavior of personalities like vulnerable narcissists in the workplace.

Originality/value

This conceptual paper adds to the organizational behavior literature and contributes to the fields of psychology and territoriality by exploring vulnerable narcissists in organizational settings and by considering the magnitude of defensive behavior toward perceived infringements.
Is the balance sheet method of deferred tax informative?
Authors: Mear Kim , Bradbury Michael , Hooks Jill
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This study aims to compare the value relevance of the recognised deferred tax elements under International Accounting Standard 12 (IAS 12): Income Taxes (balance sheet method) relative to the taxes payable (flow through) method. It also investigates the value relevance of the IAS 12 deferred tax disclosures.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used standard valuation models to examine the association between share price and the recognised amounts and footnote disclosures of IAS 12. The Vuong (1989) test is then used to assess which information set is more value relevant. The sample includes 440 firm years over the period 2008-2012.

Findings

The results show that deferred tax amounts recognised under the balance sheet method provide no more information to investors than the taxes payable method (TPM). Deferred tax footnote disclosures, however, are more relevant than the amounts recognised under the balance sheet method. This study investigates potential reasons for the relevance of footnote disclosures.

Research limitations/implications

This study has not addressed whether the deferral method of deferred tax is relevant. In addition, while footnote disclosures look promising, further research is necessary.

Practical implications

The results suggest, given the complexity and cost of compliance with IAS 12, that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) should undertake a comprehensive re-think on the relevance of the balance sheet method in IAS 12 and revert to the TPM.

Originality/value

The IASB and the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group have expressed concerns over the balance sheet method under IAS 12. The IASB and the Financial Accounting Standards Board also have concerns over the cost and complexity of the deferred tax disclosures. The study’s results offer a perspective by examining whether the balance sheet method is value relevant. Prior research has addressed this issue using local data (i.e. pre-International Financial Reporting Standards). This study also provides suggestions for future research into deferred tax footnote disclosures.
The relative contribution of personality, cognitive ability and the density of work experience in predicting human resource competencies
Authors: P.B. Srikanth
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conceptually define and empirically investigate the density of work experience along with individual characteristics (cognitive ability, conscientiousness and openness to experience) and examine their influence on human resource (HR) competencies.

Design/methodology/approach

Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. In total, 140 HR professionals from service industry background and their supervisors participated in the data collection efforts.

Findings

Data analyses revealed three key findings. Employees’ density of work experience positively relates to HR competencies. Cognitive ability is the strongest predictor of the positive relationship to HR competencies, and density of work experience.

Research limitations/implications

The author did not assess learning from each role (individual contributor, team lead and manager). Another limitation stems from the measure of density of work experience. The author did not consider the feedback that each incumbent might have received while dealing with challenging activities and the course corrections that may have been made.

Practical implications

Using an approach of gradually increasing the level of responsibility and involvement in challenging tasks may also help incumbents develop who may not be intellectually gifted. In the process of gradually increasing the level of involvement in challenging tasks, incumbents could develop a nuanced view of the field expertise required to deal with challenges, gain an in-depth understanding of the business, and acquire change management skills.

Originality/value

The author attempts to know which aspects of personality influence density of work experience the most. In addition, which personality characteristic predicts HR competencies more strongly?
Population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum predicts intraspecific variation in actuarial senescence
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Lemaître Jean‐François , Bonnaire Eric , Pichenot Julian , Schmidt Benedikt R.
Published: January 2020

Patterns of actuarial senescence can be highly variable among species. Previous comparative analyses revealed that both age at the onset of senescence and rates of senescence are linked to position of a species along the fast–slow life‐history continuum. As there are few long‐term datasets of wild populations with known‐age individuals, intraspecific (i.e. between‐population) variation in senescence is understudied and limited to comparisons of wild and captive populations of the same species, mostly birds and mammals.

In this paper, we examined how population position along the fast–slow life‐history continuum affects intraspecific variation in senescence in an amphibian, Bombina variegata.

We used capture–recapture data collected in four populations with contrasting life‐history strategies. Senescence trajectories were analysed using Bayesian capture–recapture models.

We show that in populations with fast life histories the onset of actuarial senescence was earlier and individuals aged at a faster rate than individuals in populations with slow life histories.

Our study provides one of the few empirical examples of among‐population variation in actuarial senescence patterns in the wild and confirms that the fast–slow life‐history gradient is associated with both macroevolutionary and microevolutionary patterns of actuarial senescence.
Ethnic minorities' reactions to newcomers in East London: Symbolic boundaries and convivial labor
Authors: Wessendorf Susanne
Published: January 2020

In much public discourse on immigrants in Western Europe, perceptions towards newcomers are discussed in relation to what white national majorities think. However, today, new migrants often move into places which are already settled by previous migrants. This article investigates the local experiences, perceptions, and attitudes towards newcomers among long‐established ethnic minorities in an area which they have made their home, and where they predominate not just in numbers but also by way of shops, religious sites, school population, and so on. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in East London (UK), it looks at long‐established ethnic minority residents’ attitudes towards newcomers from Eastern Europe, and how these are shaped by their own histories of exclusion. By bringing together theories on symbolic boundary making with the concept of “convivial labor,” it shows how experiences of stigmatization impact on perceptions of white newcomers, and how these perceptions are characterized by a combination of empathy and resentment.
Different worlds of contention? Protest in Northwestern, Southern and Eastern Europe
Authors: BORBÁTH ENDRE , GESSLER THERESA
Published: January 2020

Despite the voluminous literature on the ‘normalisation of protest’, the protest arena is seen as a bastion of left‐wing mobilisation. While citizens on the left readily turn to the streets, citizens on the right only settle for it as a ‘second best option’. However, most studies are based on aggregated cross‐national comparisons or only include Northwestern Europe. We contend the aggregate‐level perspective hides different dynamics of protest across Europe. Based on individual‐level data from the European Social Survey (2002–2016), we investigate the relationship between ideology and protest as a key component of the normalisation of protest. Using hierarchical logistic regression models, we show that while protest is becoming more common, citizens with different ideological views are not equal in their protest participation across the three European regions. Instead of a general left predominance, we find that in Eastern European countries, right‐wing citizens are more likely to protest than those on the left. In Northwestern and Southern European countries, we find the reverse relationship, left‐wing citizens are more likely to protest than their right‐wing counterparts. Lessons drawn from the protest experience in Northwestern Europe characterised by historical mobilisation by the New Left are of limited use for explaining the ideological composition of protest in the Southern and Eastern European countries. We identify historical and contemporary regime access as the mechanism underlying regional patterns: citizens with ideological views that were historically in opposition are more likely to protest. In terms of contemporary regime access, we find that partisanship enhances the effect of ideology, while ideological distance from the government has a different effect in the three regions. As protest gains in importance as a form of participation, the paper contributes to our understanding of regional divergence in the extent to which citizens with varying ideological views use this tool.
Impact of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder on Discharge Against Medical Advice Among People Who Inject Drugs Hospitalized for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Suzuki Joji , Robinson Diana , Mosquera Matthew , Solomon Daniel A. , Montgomery Mary W. , Price Christin D. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Martin Bianca , Liebschutz Jane W. , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Weiss Roger D.
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

The impact of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) on against medical advice (AMA) discharges among people who inject drugs (PWID) hospitalized for endocarditis is unknown.

Methods

A retrospective review of all PWID hospitalized for endocarditis at our institution between 2016 and 2018 (n = 84).

Results

PWID engaged with MOUD at admission, compared with those who were not, were less likely to be discharged AMA but this did not reach statistical significance in adjusted analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.033‐1.41; P  = .11). Among out‐of‐treatment individuals, newly initiating MOUD did not lead to significantly fewer AMA discharges (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.26‐3.7; P = .98).

Conclusion and Scientific Significance

PWID hospitalized for endocarditis are at high risk for discharge AMA but more research is needed to understand the impact of MOUD. (Am J Addict 2020;29:155–159)
Type of response to conversion chemotherapy strongly impacts survival after hepatectomy for initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Zimmitti Giuseppe , Panettieri Elena , Ardito Francesco , Rosso Edoardo , Mele Caterina , Nuzzo Gennaro , Giuliante Felice
Published: January 2020

Background

Hepatectomy for initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (IU‐CLM) is considered at high risk due to the extensive preoperative chemotherapy (CHT) and complex surgical procedures required, and its results are questioned due to frequent and early post‐operative recurrence. We aim to compare patients with initially resectable CLM (IR‐CLM) and IU‐CLM and identify prognostic factors among IU‐CLM patients.

Methods

A total of 81 patients with IU‐CLM, undergoing hepatectomy following conversion CHT, were compared to 526 IR‐CLM patients. Predictors of overall (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were identified for IU‐CLM patients.

Results

Patients resected for IU‐CLM, compared to IR‐CLM, had more and larger CLM and more frequently underwent prolonged CHT and major/extended hepatectomy (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Such characteristics paralleled higher rates of overall and major (Clavien‐Dindo ≥3) complications, longer median post‐operative length of stay and lower 5‐year survival rates (P < 0.001 for all comparisons) among IU‐CLM patients compared to IR‐CLM, with similar mortality (1.2% and nil for IU‐CLM and IR‐CLM, respectively). Among IU‐CLM patients, 62 with partial response to CHT (versus tumour stability according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria) had better DFS (hazard ratio 2.76, P = 0.001) and OS (hazard ratio 2.83, P =  0.002), and their 5‐year survival rates (DFS 19.8%, OS 46.7%) approached those of IR‐CLM patients (DFS 31%, OS 59%, P > 0.05 for both comparisons).

Conclusion

Resection of IU‐CLM has acceptable perioperative results. Tumour responsiveness to conversion CHT improves IU‐CLM patient selection for hepatectomy.
Follow the Thing: Data
Authors: Akbari Azadeh
Published: January 2020

This research starts its journey from a video that failed to be published during the 2009 uprising in Iran. By following data outside the common trajectories of data circulation in the global North, this paper offers new geographical and data imaginations neglected by the universalised understandings of data and its political economy. Consequently, data’s behaviour as a thing is thoroughly investigated in the “follow the thing tradition” by scrutinising data as a commodity, its meanings and its associations. Using actor‐network‐theory, the paper highlights data’s open and contested character as well as the breakdowns throughout its journey. Following an uncirculated video via its traces sheds light on data’s agency in evoking different assemblages and spatialities. It also reflects on the epistemological importance of not treating the Southern data as exceptional and calls for a theoretical landscape that does not leave many realities of data out in its homogenised universal narrative.
How do people use ‘killing’, ‘letting die’ and related bioethical concepts? Contrasting descriptive and normative hypotheses
Authors: Rodríguez‐Arias David , Rodríguez López Blanca , Monasterio‐Astobiza Anibal , Hannikainen Ivar R.
Published: January 2020

Bioethicists involved in end‐of‐life debates routinely distinguish between ‘killing’ and ‘letting die’. Meanwhile, previous work in cognitive science has revealed that when people characterize behaviour as either actively ‘doing’ or passively ‘allowing’, they do so not purely on descriptive grounds, but also as a function of the behaviour’s perceived morality. In the present report, we extend this line of research by examining how medical students and professionals (N = 184) and laypeople (N = 122) describe physicians’ behaviour in end‐of‐life scenarios. We show that the distinction between ‘ending’ a patient’s life and ‘allowing’ it to end arises from morally motivated causal selection. That is, when a patient wishes to die, her illness is treated as the cause of death and the doctor is seen as merely allowing her life to end. In contrast, when a patient does not wish to die, the doctor’s behaviour is treated as the cause of death and, consequently, the doctor is described as ending the patient’s life. This effect emerged regardless of whether the doctor’s behaviour was omissive (as in withholding treatment) or commissive (as in applying a lethal injection). In other words, patient consent shapes causal selection in end‐of‐life situations, and in turn determines whether physicians are seen as ‘killing’ patients, or merely as ‘enabling’ their death.
Chronic inflammatory diseases, myocardial function and cardioprotection
Authors: Lazou Antigone , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Bartekova Monika , Benedek Theodora , Makavos George , Palioura Dimitra , Cabrera Fuentes Hector , Andreadou Ioanna
Published: January 2020

The association between chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk is well documented and can be a most threatening complication in these patients. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying increased CV risk remain elusive, especially in their cellular and biochemical pathways. Using animal models to understand mechanisms underlying cardiac involvement are limited. Additionally, treatments may influence cardiovascular events through different outcomes. Some drugs used to treat CIDs can negatively affect cardiac function by a direct toxicity, whereas others may protect the myocardium. In the present article, we focus on the cardiac manifestations and risk factors, the pathogenetic mechanisms, and the effect of treatments on myocardial function and cardioprotection for five common worldwide CIDs (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease). We also give recommendations in order to evaluate common targets between CID and CV disease (CVD) and to design therapies to alleviate CID‐related CVD.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
How to orchestrate R&D networks? The role of orchestration subprocesses and collaborative practices over time
Authors: Faccin Kadígia , Wegner Douglas , Balestrin Alsones
Published: January 2020

Although R&D networks have been increasingly used by companies to foster innovation through collaboration, there are still challenges regarding how to successfully orchestrate such projects. The goal of this study is to analyse how a hub firm orchestrates an R&D network through collaborative practices. We based our study on the three orchestration subprocesses proposed by Dhanaraj and Parkhe, namely, to foster knowledge mobility, guarantee innovation appropriability, and maintain network stability. To achieve our goal, we analysed the collaborative practices in an R&D network in the semiconductor industry in France. The case consists of an R&D network among 26 companies to create a new transistor. The data include 65 interviews and 192 documents. The study contributes to the literature on network orchestration by showing that specific collaborative practices performed by a hub firm enable a fourth orchestration subprocess—network reconfiguration—which is necessary in long‐lasting and complex R&D networks and also affects the other three subprocesses. Network reconfiguration consists in disassociating and attracting new members to the R&D network to cover knowledge demands, and is performed by the hub‐firm through specific collaborative practices. The results can benefit practitioners by showing which collaborative practices may be useful for a hub firm throughout the development of an R&D network.
School‐based targeted prevention compared to specialist mental health treatment for youth anxiety
Authors: Fjermestad Krister W. , Wergeland Gro Janne , Rogde Anja , Bjaastad Jon F. , Heiervang Einar , Haugland Bente Storm Mowatt
Published: January 2020

Background

The ‘FRIENDS for life’ program (FRIENDS) is a 10‐session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program used for prevention and treatment of youth anxiety. There is discussion about whether FRIENDS is best applied as prevention or as treatment.

Methods

We compared FRIENDS delivered in schools as targeted prevention to a previous specialist mental health clinic trial. The targeted prevention sample (N = 82; Mage = 11.6 years, SD = 2.1; 75.0% girls) was identified and recruited by school nurses in collaboration with a community psychologist. The clinical sample (N = 88, Mage = 11.7 years, SD = 2.1; 54.5% girls) was recruited for a randomized controlled trial from community child‐ and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics and was diagnosed with anxiety disorders.

Results

Both samples showed significantly reduced anxiety symptoms from baseline to postintervention, with medium mean effect sizes across raters (youths and parents) and timepoints (post; 12‐months follow‐up). Baseline youth‐reported anxiety symptom levels were similar between the samples, whereas parent‐reported youth anxiety was higher in the clinical sample.

Conclusions

The study suggests that self‐reported anxiety levels may not differ between youth recruited in schools and in clinic settings. The results indicate promising results of the FRIENDS program when delivered in schools by less specialized health personnel from the school health services, as well as when delivered in clinics by trained mental health professionals.
Matching‐adjusted comparison of oral corticosteroid reduction in asthma: Systematic review of biologics
Authors: Bourdin Arnaud , Husereau Don , Molinari Nicolas , Golam Sarowar , Siddiqui Mohd Kashif , Lindner Leandro , Xu Xiao
Published: January 2020

Background

Oral corticosteroid (OCS) treatment for severe asthma is associated with substantial disease burden. Thus, OCS dosage reduction is desirable. Relative efficacy of biologics in reducing OCS treatment for severe, uncontrolled asthma is not fully characterized.

Objective

We performed a matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) to assess the relative effects on OCS treatment reduction of three biologic asthma treatments.

Methods

In MAIC of benralizumab vs. mepolizumab and vs. dupilumab, patient‐level data from the Phase III benralizumab OCS‐sparing trial, ZONDA, were weighted to match treatment effect–modifying patient characteristics in comparator trials.

Results

After matching adjustment, mean difference between benralizumab and mepolizumab for OCS reduction was 6.08% (95% CI −22.22‐34.38; P = .67) by week 24, and odds ratio of OCS elimination was 2.32 (95% CI 0.48‐11.15; P = .29). A trend in annual asthma exacerbation rate reduction favouring benralizumab over mepolizumab was observed, although it was not statistically significant (rate ratio [RR] = 0.56 [95% CI 0.28‐1.13; P = .11]). Mean difference between benralizumab and dupilumab for OCS reduction was −0.71% (95% CI −20.56‐19.15; P = .94), and odds ratio of OCS elimination was 2.26 (95% CI 0.52‐9.84; P = .28). A non‐significant trend in annual asthma exacerbation rate reduction favouring benralizumab over dupilumab was observed (RR = 0.50 [95% CI 0.20‐1.28; P = .15]). Effective sample size was 49% (72 vs. 148) and 25% (36 vs. 142) of original sample size for MAIC of benralizumab vs. mepolizumab and benralizumab vs. dupilumab, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Following patient baseline characteristics matching across clinical trials, benralizumab demonstrated efficacy comparable to mepolizumab and dupilumab for OCS dosage reduction, OCS elimination, and annual exacerbation rate reduction. Comparatively low effective sample sizes indicated substantial differences for patient populations between ZONDA and mepolizumab and dupilumab trials.
Lichen planus related to transforming growth factor beta inhibitor in a patient with metastatic chondrosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Farah Maya , Nelson Kelly C. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Prieto Victor G. , Curry Jonathan L. , Aung Phyu P.
Published: January 2020

Transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐β1) is expressed in normal epidermis. TGF‐β1 potently inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and immunomodulatory properties, mainly by suppressing immune responses to self‐antigens. Lichen planus (LP) is a form of dermatitis caused by cell‐mediated immune dysfunction, but the exact pathogenic pathways are unknown, which poses therapeutic challenges. We report on a 68‐year‐old man who developed multiple pruritic, discrete, and well‐demarcated, flat‐topped red‐purple papules and macules on the back and upper arms following 4 cycles of treatment with TGF‐β receptor I (TGFBR‐I) inhibitor, ly3200882, for metastatic chondrosarcoma. The biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, wedge‐shaped hypergranulosis, elongation of the rete ridges, and a dense band‐like lymphohistiocytic infiltrate admixed with colloid bodies and pigment incontinence, consistent with LP. Temporal correlation suggested that the TGFBR‐I inhibitor might be a trigger. Treatment with topical clobetasol and oral metronidazole led to partial resolution of the lesions with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. We believe this is the first reported case of LP related to TGFBR‐I inhibitor therapy. This report expands the list of cutaneous adverse events associated with this novel class of targeted therapy. More importantly, this report supports emerging evidence that failure of TGF‐β1 activation/signal transduction is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of LP and suggests the TGF‐β1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
Researching Family Business Growth
Authors: Cirillo Alessandro , Huybrechts Jolien , Mussolino Donata , Sciascia Salvatore , Voordeckers Wim
Published: January 2020

This paper is the first in a special section of the European Management Review dedicated to the growth of family businesses. We provide a literature review of 54 articles written in this research field, based on a framework that highlights the antecedents and the outcomes of growth at the family and the business levels. We also offer a brief overview of the contributions of each of the papers in this special section and conclude by identifying relevant research gaps to propose a number of future research directions.
The role of mesotocin on social bonding in pinyon jays
Authors: Duque Juan F. , Rasmussen Tanner , Rodriguez Anna , Stevens Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2020

The neuropeptide oxytocin influences mammalian social bonding by facilitating the building and maintenance of parental, sexual, and same‐sex social relationships. However, we do not know whether the function of the avian homologue mesotocin is evolutionarily conserved across birds. While it does influence avian prosocial behavior, mesotocin's role in avian social bonding remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether mesotocin regulates the formation and maintenance of same‐sex social bonding in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), a member of the crow family. We formed squads of four individually housed birds. In the first, “pair‐formation” phase of the experiment, we repeatedly placed pairs of birds from within the squad together in a cage for short periods of time. Prior to entering the cage, we intranasally administered one of three hormone solutions to both members of the pair: mesotocin, oxytocin antagonist, or saline. Pairs received repeated sessions with administration of the same hormone. In the second, “pair‐maintenance” phase of the experiment, all four members of the squad were placed together in a large cage, and no hormones were administered. For both phases, we measured the physical proximity between pairs as our proxy for social bonding. We found that, compared with saline, administering mesotocin or oxytocin antagonist did not result in different proximities in either the pair‐formation or pair‐maintenance phase of the experiment. Therefore, at the dosages and time frames used here, exogenously introduced mesotocin did not influence same‐sex social bond formation or maintenance. Like oxytocin in mammals, mesotocin regulates avian prosocial behavior; however, unlike oxytocin, we do not have evidence that mesotocin regulates social bonds in birds.
Removal of a metallic foreign body from the tongue of three horses
Authors: Blatter M. , Thunig M. , Kretschmar F. , Rijkenhuizen A. B. M.
Published: January 2020

The objective of this case report is to describe the diagnostic and surgical techniques for removal of a metallic foreign body in the tongue of three adult horses. The three horses were presented for evaluation and treatment of dysphagia and marked hypersalivation of 3–5 days duration. Radiographs of the head revealed the presence of a metallic foreign body in the tongue of each horse. The foreign bodies could be precisely localised under general anaesthesia using palpation and lingual ultrasonography and/or lingual radiography in combination with a forceps as a marker. The foreign bodies were successfully removed using laparoscopic instruments creating minimal soft tissue trauma. The use of long (43 cm) small laparoscopic (5 mm) instruments enabled good visualisation of the surgical field, providing optimal conditions for successful minimally invasive surgical treatment of horses with foreign bodies in the tongue. The three horses made uneventful recoveries and 12 months after surgery were eating normally and could be ridden with a bit as per usual routine. It was concluded that using long laparoscopic instruments in combination with palpation, ultrasonography and/or radiography allowed removal of the foreign body creating minimal soft tissue trauma and allowing optimal conditions for a fast recovery.
An intelligent hybrid approach for hepatitis disease diagnosis: Combining enhanced k‐means clustering and improved ensemble learning
Authors: Singh Aman , Mehta Jaydip Chandrakant , Anand Divya , Nath Pinku , Pandey Babita , Khamparia Aditya
Published: January 2020

In real world, the automatic detection of liver disease is a challenging problem among medical practitioners. The intent of this work is to propose an intelligent hybrid approach for the diagnosis of hepatitis disease. The diagnosis is performed with the combination of k‐means clustering and improved ensemble‐driven learning. To avoid clinical experience and to reduce the evaluation time, ensemble learning is deployed, which constructs a set of hypotheses by using multiple learners to solve a liver disease problem. The performance analysis of the proposed integrated hybrid system is compared in terms of accuracy, true positive rate, precision, f‐measure, kappa statistic, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error. Simulation results showed that the enhanced k‐means clustering and improved ensemble learning with enhanced adaptive boosting, bagged decision tree, and J48 decision tree‐based intelligent hybrid approach achieved better prediction outcomes than other existing individual and integrated methods.
Anisotropic fatigue behaviour of interbeded marble subjected to uniaxial cyclic compressive loads
Authors: Wang Yu , Gao Shaohua , Liu Dongqiao , Li Changhong
Published: January 2020

The work aims to experimentally investigate the anisotropic fatigue characteristics of marble with different bedding orientations using uniaxial fatigue experiments and posttest computed tomography (CT) scanning. The impacts of interbed orientation on the strength, deformation, fatigue life, and stimulated fracture pattern were systematically analysed. Results show that the axial, lateral, and volumetric strain curves present a three‐stage deformation and are influenced by the interbed orientation. The volumetric strain is maximum and minimum for a marble sample with 30 and 90° orientation, respectively, which is closely related to the failure mode. The crack pattern in the CT images is related to the interbed orientation; the crack density and scale are the largest for a 90° orientation sample and are the smallest for a 30° orientation sample. Good correlation has been established between the fatigue lifetime and the interbed orientation. It is suggested that anisotropic cyclic behaviours of marble is structurally dependent.