bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver Fibrosis and Steatosis in Virally Suppressed HIV-Infected Patients with Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity
Authors: Jasirwan Chyntia Olivia Maurine , Wibowo Adik , Sjaaf Amal C , Aprilicia Gita , Purnamasari Dyah , Yunihastuti Evy , Gani Rino Alvani
Published: January 2022

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a human herpesvirus common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In a patient with immunocompetence, long periodic asymptomatic CMV might affect to develop the abnormal liver function and contribute to non-AIDS defining morbidity, including chronic liver disease. This study aims to know the prevalence of liver fibrosis and steatosis in virally suppressed HIV infected patients with CMV reactive and summarize the correlation of clinical presentation with liver fibrosis and steatosis in these subjects.Method: A cross-sectional study in HIV Integrated Care Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, was conducted from April 2019 until June 2020. Subjects enrolled in this study were suppressed HIV patients aged between 30-40 years with positive IgG CMV and already using stable ART for at least one year. Transient elastography measured the liver stiffness. Patients with liver stiffness above 7 kPa were defined as having significant liver fibrosis. In addition, Spearman correlation was conducted to evaluate the correlation of clinical presentation of subjects related to liver fibrosis and steatosis. Results: A total of subjects was included in this study. Dominantly male (62.5%) with average age 38 ± 4.68 years. The median amount of CMV DNA was 466 (17-21284) copy/ml. Significant Fibrosis was found in 17/80 (21%) subjects. In this study, clinical parameters correlated with liver fibrosis were insulin, glucose fasting, Homa IR, triglyceride, HDL, and platelet. A medium positive correlation was found in insulin, and Homa IR, with coefficient correlation for insulin, was r = 0.475, p 0.001; and coefficient correlation for Homa IR was r = 0 .487, p 0.001.Conclusion: The prevalence of liver fibrosis was 12% in these subjects. In addition, insulin and Homa IR had a positive correlation with increasing liver fibrosis.
Pancreatic Tuberculosis: Current Update on Clinical Manifestation and Diagnostic Modalities
Authors: Yusuf Samudra Andi , Maulahela Hasan , Raraswati Anjar , Koesnadi Maureen Irawati
Published: January 2022

Pancreatic tuberculosis is a very rare disease in either immunocompetent or immunocompromised hosts.The incidence of pancreatic tuberculosis was reported to be less than 4.7% in an autopsy series on tuberculosis patients in 1944 and 2% in another autopsy series in 1966.Despite that, in recent times, an increase in the number of reports of pancreatic TB has been noted.This condition is possibly caused by an improvement in diagnostic imaging tools, the development of different techniques that make obtaining specimens from the pancreas possible, and an increase in HIV prevalence worldwide. Therefore, this review article discusses the current update in the clinical manifestations and diagnostic modalities of pancreatic tuberculosis.Pancreatic tuberculosis is a very rare condition with a various range of non-specific clinical presentation and image features overlapping with those seen in pancreatic neoplasia. A combination of diagnostic modalities should be done to establish a diagnosis of pancreatic tuberculosis. Currently, direct histopathological examination is the best way of diagnosing tuberculosis. US/CT/EUS-guided biopsy is the recommended diagnostic technique. Most patients with pancreatic tuberculosis respond well to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Patient: Literature Review
Authors: Faisal William , Rotty Luciana
Published: January 2022

Critically ill patients are at risk for stress ulcers in the upper digestive tract. Various risk factors have been associated with this condition. Patients who are critically ill are at risk of bleeding due to stress related mucosal disease (SRMD). Upper gastrointestinal tract problems usually occur as a result of severe physiological stress. Patients may develop gastric erosion and develop stress ulcers with severe gastrointestinal bleeding which can be fatal. Routine pharmacological use of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) does not reduce overall mortality in intensive care patients. This increases the risk of infectious complications, particularly nosocomial pneumonia and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Early enteral nutrition has been shown to be effective in preventing stress ulceration of the upper gastrointestinal tract in critically ill patients. Routine use of stress ulcer prophylaxis in all critically ill patients may be dangerous and does not appear to be cost-effective. SUP administration must follow an algorithm that clearly balances risks and benefits.
A Crohn’s Disease Patient with Extraintestinal Manifestations: A Case Report
Authors: Batista Yhan , Purbayu Herry
Published: January 2022

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic debilitating inflammatory disease which mostly affect gastrointestinal tract, but due to its unique features, CD enables to affect extraintestinal organs. Pathophysiology of extraintestinal manifestations is still debatable as many experts propose immune-related hypotheses. It is still unpredictable which manifestation precedes another as studies ongoing. Diagnosing CD is difficult since no gold standards available, therefore clinicians must combine history taking, diagnostic modalities, and a good clinical judgement to diagnose CD. Treatment for CD is not only to treat disease activity, but also to prevent complications to preserve patients’ quality of life.
Pedestrian Bridge Evaluation and Modelling Subjected to Running Load Cases
Authors: Colmenares Daniel , Andersson Andreas , Karoumi Raid , Ülker-Kaustell Mahir
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the dynamic measurements performed at two pedestrian bridges in Sweden subjected to different loading scenarios. Using accelerometers, the natural frequencies, the experimental mode shapes, and damping properties were determined for each bridge. Analysis were performed using the generalized single degree of freedom theory, the finite element method and the coupled system approach taking into account the flying phase of the running load. Additionaly, a simplified sensitivity analysis is presented in terms of accelerations due to the pedestrian transient event of a running load case. Results indicate that there is an excellent agreement between the aforementioned modelling strategies and, that it is possible to have human structure interaction under running load scenarios.
Lancashire County Council St Michaels and Carnforth Footbridges - United Kingdom
Authors: Halpin Martin , Canning Lee
Published: January 2022

Lancashire County Council (LCC) in UK are a forward thinking and innovative local authority with a significant number of bridges in their asset stock. They commissioned Jacobs to carry out a detailed options study for eight footbridges following concerns that were raised during principal inspections. The options report considered refurbishment and replacement options and the possibility of using new construction materials with the aim of maximizing durability and minimizing maintenance. The recommendations for all footbridges was replace them with Fibre Reinforced Polymer. LCC divided the eight bridges into packages of two according to their budget constraints and issued tender documents to contactors for the first two packages. The first package contractor has successfully delivered two replacement FRP Footbridges of 28m span over railway in Ormskirk. These are the longest simply supported FRP footbridges in the UK. The second tender package to be issued to tender was for St Michaels and Carnforth Footbridges at 37m and 31m spans. The Council wanted FRP Bow String Trusses for these bridges that crossed a River and a Canal respectively. Nothing like this type and scale of footbridges had ever been realized in the UK. This tender was won with an alternative proposal to replace these footbridges with an aluminium solution explaining to the client in doing so the risks and costs involved in designing and fabricating these structures in FRP would be significantly greater. These are the longest aluminum footbridges in the UK of this type.
Examination of the Use of Sculpture in the Open-Green Areas of Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus
Authors: Gemici Ruhugül Özge , Önder Serpil
Published: January 2022

The sculpture, which is the expression of beliefs and fears in prehistoric times, has taken on different roles as an urban reinforcement element in all cultures with numerous themes. In the Middle Ages, it became an organic part of the architectural structure, teaching the truth about religious beliefs. With the Renaissance movement, it became independent by breaking away from the architectural structure and moved to the urban space. In the twenty-first century, its dimensions have grown to be equivalent to architecture, it has created its own space and established new aesthetic and functional relations with the audience. In this study, the relationship of some sculptures on the Alaeddin Keykubat campus of Selcuk University with the landscape elements was examined in terms of design elements and basic design principles. In the light of the data obtained, suggestions have been developed in order to increase the life and aesthetic quality of the campus.
Investigation of The Sufficiency of Antalya Parks
Authors: Soydan Orhun , Çetin Nefise
Published: January 2022

Urban green spaces are areas established to meet the recreational needs of urban people. Although green spaces vary from country to country and region in terms of plan and design features, they were basically created to allow people to meet with nature. Parks are the basic components of urban landscapes that provide environmental and social functional value. Urban parks, in particular, provide spaces for outdoor physical activities. In order to take advantage of the opportunities of activities in the parks, users must have convenient access to these resources. One of the most important aspects for researching the use and potential benefits of urban green spaces is the assessment of their geographic accessibility. The widespread use of smart city systems and the gradual expansion of their usage areas increase the importance of spatial analysis. Spatial analyses are used in today’s urban management in the processes of determining social needs, identifying current problems, and putting forward solutions. When spatial analyses are used together with GIS, the field of application develops even more, and it supports local governments in responding to the changing demands of the society for a better life. In the study, the adequacy and accessibility of 160 city parks in Konyaaltı District of Antalya Province were examined. In terms of the adequacy of the parks, the area value of 10 m2 per person determined with the Construction Plan numbered 3194 was taken as basis. In terms of accessibility, distance values of 200, 400, 800, 1,200 meters were examined. Neighborhood boundaries and population information were obtained from the relevant units, and Arc-GIS software was used in the analysis. It was determined that the parks in Konyaaltı district were insufficient in terms of adequacy and accessibility. Finally, suggestions were made in terms of increasing the adequacy of the parks and ensuring accessibility.
Samsun İlinde Hayvansal Kaynaklı Kompost Potansiyeli ve Optimum Tesis Konumları
Authors: Dündar Sinan , Bircan Hüdaverdi , Eleroğlu Hasan
Published: January 2022

Compared to industrial wastes, the recycling of agricultural wastes is more efficient because they are organic. The low organic matter content of Anatolian agricultural lands makes the recycling of agricultural wastes even more important. In the Samsun region, compost centres are recommended in order to help increase productivity in agricultural production, develop agricultural activities and ensure rural development. It is very important to use natural fertilizers because it is to protect and improve the organic structure of the soil. The low production costs of organic fertilizers compared to chemical fertilizers provide an advantage to farmers and prevent foreign exchange loss. In this study, it is aimed to determine the animal existence and optimum facility locations for evaluation of animal wastes as compost in Samsun. For this purpose, the number of animals of the enterprises in the region was determined by using the data obtained from Samsun Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. The coordinates of the settlements of 1,284 enterprises with bovine capacity of 40 or more in Samsun were determined according to the rectangular coordinate system. In terms of animal distribution in Samsun province, 27 cluster numbers were preferred through Elbow method and f(K) Function method. The location of most suitable compost production centres according to the distance and the total number of animals was determined by the K-Means clustering analysis method using geographical coordinates. For Samsun, the group size was taken as 2,000-10,000 cattle and the enterprises with a focal length less than 15 km were included in the compost production clusters. In line with these criteria, 10 compost production clusters for compost production have been determined in Samsun and the locations of these cluster centres are shown on the map in a way that will provide the most efficient information to investors and relevant institutions.
COPRAS ve MAIRCA Yöntemleriyle Çorum İlinde Kurulabilecek Kompost Tesislerinin Optimallik Sıralaması
Authors: Dündar Sinan , Bircan Hüdaverdi , Eleroğlu Hasan
Published: January 2022

The compost product, which is a biologically active substance, emerges as a result of microbial decomposition of organic materials under controlled conditions. This product, which is used for the improvement of soil structure and the development of agricultural products, also offers opportunities in terms of minimizing the damage caused by organic wastes to the environment. It is important to encourage efforts for compost production, especially in terms of both disposal and economic evaluation of wastes generated in animal production farms. Determining the most suitable location of a facility for the utilization of animal wastes as compost, which will be obtained from livestock enterprises scattered in different geographical areas, will be an essential study in terms of minimizing operating costs. For such a facility, it would be an appropriate approach to use multi-criteria decision making methods to choose among predetermined facility location alternatives. In this study, a total of 17 facility location alternatives with 83,163 cattle potential in Çorum province were ranked according to the criteria determined and weighted by means of SWARA method. The optimal ranking of 17 alternatives determined by K-Means clustering analysis was carried out by COPRAS and MAIRCA methods. According to the ranking results obtained from both methods, it was determined that cluster number 6 was in the first rank, cluster number 4 was in the second rank, and cluster number 3 was in the third rank.
The Effect of Different Cover and Flooring Materials on Climatic Comfort in Landscape Design
Authors: Soydan Orhun , Benliay Ahmet
Published: January 2022

In this study, it is aimed to understand the effects of structural and vegetative elements that can be used in landscape designs on the temperature factor, which will greatly affect the climatic comfort, by using artificial neural networks. In this context, measurements were carried out in the morning (08:00-09:00), noon (13:00-14:00) and evening (17:00-18:00) of a total of 100 days, 50 days in each of the winter and summer seasons, at 7 randomly selected points in the Akdeniz University Campus. In these measurements, the temperature difference values of 11 cover elements on 7 different floor covering types were measured, and the ambient air temperature, humidity and wind values were also determined. The temperature differences between the areas where the flooring elements are exposed to direct sun and the shadow effect of different plant and cover elements were determined using an infrared laser thermometer. These values were processed with Neural Designer software and possible temperature difference prediction values were created for 57.750 different alternatives with the help of artificial neural network model from 837 sets of data. Evaluation shows that the maximum temperature difference is 15.6°C at noon in the summer months in the red tartan flooring material and Callistemon viminalis cover material. While the artificial neural network model predicts that there will be a high 2-3° C temperature difference for the alternatives, it has made predictions for temperature differences between 0-10°C in winter and 0-16°C in summer months. Although the temperature differences that will occur in the noon hours are distributed over a wide range of values, it seems that the morning and evening forecasts are concentrated between 0-7°C values. Also, it has been determined that the wind and humidity in the environment are more important factors than the ambient temperature in terms of temperature differences.
Primary spinal multifocal intradural-extramedullary Ewing sarcoma in children: presentation of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Müngen Eren , Kurucu Nilgün , Kutluk Tezer , Oğuz Kader K , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Yalçın Bilgehan
Published: January 2022

Background. Primary spinal, intradural, extramedullary Ewing sarcoma (PSIEES) is exceptionally uncommon. Here, we present an interesting pediatric case with a PSIEES diagnosis confirmed by the presence of a specific fusion protein in the tumor tissue and who then developed a cerebellar recurrence. We also reviewed the PSIEES cases in childhood reported in the literature.
Case. An 8.5-year-old boy was admitted to a local hospital with a one-month history of severe back and limb pain, and inability to move his lower limbs. Physical examination revealed paraparesis in the lower extremities. Spinal MRI revealed multiple intradural extramedullary masses at the L2-L3, L4-5 and L5-S1 levels. He underwent surgery and near total excision of all three masses were performed. Histopathological diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma was confirmed with EWS-ERG gene rearrangement. The patient was treated according to EuroEwing chemotherapy protocol. A total dose of 4500 cGy radiotherapy was applied to the tumor location at L2-S1 paravertebral region. Eighteen months after the end of treatment, a mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere was determined. Gross total excision was performed. Histopathological examination of the tumor showed Ewing sarcoma. Radiological screening revealed isolated central nervous system recurrence. A total of 4500 cGy radiotherapy was applied. He is on a second-line treatment consisting of gemcitabine and docetaxel without any evidence of disease.
Conclusions. Ewing Sarcoma with spinal intradural region in childhood is very rare. We could only find 17 pediatric cases reported in the literature. Neurological findings occur earlier in tumors of this region. The prognosis is worse than other extraosseous Ewing sarcoma.
The rare reason of pain in hip girdle: Mucolipidosis type 3 gamma
Authors: Kolkıran Abdulkerim , Karaosmanoğlu Beren , Taşkıran Zihni Ekim , Şimşek-Kiper Pelin Özlem , Utine Gülen Eda
Published: January 2022

Background. Mucolipidosis type 3 gamma (ML-IIIγ) is an autosomal recessive, rare and slowly progressive lysosomal storage disease. Short stature, restricted joint mobility, thick skin, and flat face with mildly coarse features are major clinical findings. It usually manifests in the third year. With advancing age, claw hand deformities, carpal tunnel syndrome, and scoliosis may develop. Morbidity is determined mainly by skeletal involvement. N-acetyl glucosamine-1 phospotransferase enzyme is composed of 2α, 2β and 2γ subunits. The active enzyme is essential in the transport of hydrolases to the lysosomes, via addition of mannose-6-phosphate in the Golgi apparatus. GNPTG gene encodes the γ2 subunits, and biallelic mutations cause ML-IIIγ.
Case. A previously healthy 14-year-old male patient had leg pain after the age of nine, and was admitted with short stature, mild coarse face, pectus deformity, digital stiffness, scoliosis, genu valgum and mitral valve prolapse. He did not have intellectual disability or corneal clouding. Radiographs showed irregularities in the acetabular roof and proximal epiphyses of the femur and irregularities in the end plates of vertebral bodies. A novel homozygous missense variant in the exon 5 of GNPTG, c.316G > T, confirmed the diagnosis of ML- IIIγ. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD), ML-II, ML-IIIαβ, galactosialidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Conclusions. ML-IIIγ should be kept in mind in populations with high consanguineous marriage rates or with possible founder effect, in patients with short stature and skeletal destruction. Genetic tests should be planned for a definitive diagnosis.
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency as a polyneuropathy etiology in childhood
Authors: Uzun Özlem Ünal , Çavdarlı Büşra , Karalök Selen
Published: January 2022

Background. The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) is a multienzyme complex of the fatty acid betaoxidation cycle. Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD), a rare condition that leads to failure of converting certain fats to energy is characterized by decreased activity of three enzymes in the enzyme complex. Signs and symptoms of MTPD may present during infancy or later in life; those that begin after infancy include hypotonia, muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis, and peripheral neuropathy. We report a Turkish boy diagnosed with MTPD after being investigated for polyneuropathy of unknown origin since infancy.
Case. A 5.5-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of weakness in the arms and legs, physical inactivity compared to his peers, fatigue, weakness and, difficulty in climbing stairs since infancy. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) analysis showed moderate symmetric distal sensorimotor and axonal neuropathy. On the background of chronic polyneuropathy, the patient had acute relapsing episodes with progressively worsening severity in the follow-up period until 12.5 years of age. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the patient and, revealed that the patient had a homozygous c.1390G > A (p.Gly464Ser) pathogenic variant of the HADHB gene. Although rhabdomyolysis is a well defined accompanying clinical feature of MTPD, it was not present in our patient who only had worsening muscle weakness during attacks.
Conclusion. On the background of chronic polyneuropathy and acute relapsing episodes triggered by fasting or illnesses and rhabdomyolysis physicians should suspect disorders of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle.
Covid-19 in a patient with Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in children
Authors: Üzel V Hülya , Yılmaz Kamil
Published: January 2022

Background. Based on the information obtained so far, COVID- 19 is relatively mild in children. We will present a 6-month-old male patient infected with COVID -19 in April 2020, while receiving HLH 2004 chemotherapy protocol with the diagnosis of familial (Genetic / Primary) Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).
Case. Herein we present a case accompanied by a defective perforin gene defect in the primary HLH pathogenesis, Covid-19 infection with the presence of fever and hyperferritinemia, which was evaluated in favor of reactivation and the patient was given both the HLH-2004 chemotherapy protocol treatment and COVID -19 therapy as recommended by the guidelines. Our patient improved clinically and in terms of laboratory test results at the end of the 15 < sup > th < /sup > day of hospitalization and was discharged.
Conclusions. It should be remembered that COVID-19 can be seen with different clinical manifestations in the pediatric age group, and COVID-19 tests should be recommended, especially in children with immunosuppression and fever.
Evaluation of Mishrif Reservoir in Abu Amood Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Hussain Ahmed , Nasser Medhat E. , Hassan Ghazi
Published: January 2022

The main goal of this study is to evaluate Mishrif Reservoir in Abu Amood oil field, southern Iraq, using the available well logs. The sets of logs were acquired for wells AAm-1, AAm-2, AAm-3, AAm-4, and AAm-5. The evaluation included the identification of the reservoir units and the calculation of their petrophysical properties using the Techlog software. Total porosity was calculated using the neutron-density method and the values were corrected from the volume of shale in order to calculate the effective porosity. Computer processed interpretation (CPI) was accomplished for the five wells. The results show that Mishrif Formation in Abu Amood field consists of three reservoir units with various percentages of hydrocarbons that were concentrated in all of the three units, but in different wells. All of the units have high porosity, especially unit two, although it is saturated with water.
LOANS SETTLEMENT AT FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Ltd. (FIF) BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY
Authors: Hendriani Mutia Marta
Published: January 2022

There are many ways to purchase a vehicle, including a credit system. However, various problems arise in its application regarding the settlement of bad loans caused by default debtors. This study aims to analyse the efforts made by Federal International Finance Ltd. (FIF) Bandar Lampung City in resolving motor vehicle bad loans due to default debtors. This study uses empirical normative legal research methods and qualitative descriptive methods. The data is obtained from direct observations and interviews, then linked to legal regulations concerning the default problem. The results indicate that Federal International Finance Ltd. has an ideal solution to resolve bad Loans through litigation and non-litigation. Efforts to settle bad loans through non-litigation could be made by giving a subpoena to the debtor. Furthermore, the creditor could take litigation by filing a civil lawsuit against the debtor for default according to Article 1243 of the Civil Code.
CHILD ADOPTION BY UNMARRIED PERSON IN THE INDONESIAN CIVIL LAW SYSTEM
Authors: Mauraina Glad , Pratiwi Angel , Purnama Dian
Published: January 2022

Adoption is carried out by a legally married couple and could also be done by someone who does not want to build a household but still wants to have children as successors and who would take care of them in the future as a single parent. Article 10 paragraph (3) of the Regulation of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 110/HUK/2009 concerning Child Adoption Requirements states that child adoption through a childcare institution could be carried out firstly by a prospective foster parent. Prospective Foster Parents have been legally married for a minimum of five years, as stated in Article 20 letter e of the Regulation of the Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Number 110/HUK/2009. In this research journal, we would discuss the issue of Child Adoption by Non-Marriage Person. This study focuses on normative legal research that examines the content of legislation. This legal research was conducted with two approaches consisting of a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Researchers would find ideas that provide legal understanding, legal concepts, and legal principles. This research concludes that adoption could be carried out by married couples and non-married person/single parent. It is referred to Government Regulation Number 54 of 2007 concerning Adoption of Children. This regulation is reinforced by the issuance of Circular Letter of the Supreme Court (SEMA) Number 6 of 1983 explaining that it is possible for Indonesian citizens who are unmarried, have been married, or a single parent, to adopt a child.
Bahasa Daerah dalam Kebhinekaan Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Astawa I Nyoman Temon
Published: January 2022

Language is very important, especially seen from the function of culture and social functions in addition to other functions. It is very important for a country to have a national language which functions as a unifying tool for various ethnic groups with different backgrounds. Likewise, the function of regional languages is very important for the survival of a particular regional culture. Regional languages as one of the nation's wealth have a function as a means of communication for the supporting community. Apart from being a means of intra-ethnic communication, regional languages also function as supporters of the national language, namely Indonesian. On the basis of this function, regional languages should continue to be fostered and developed in order to strengthen the resilience of the nation's culture. Regional languages should no longer be treated as one of the cultures whose functions can be replaced by the functions of other languages. Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution states, among other things, that regional languagesthat are well maintained by their speakers will be respected and preserved by the state because these regional languages are part of the living Indonesian culture. The National Language Policy formulates that in relation to the development of state life in Indonesia towards regional autonomy and the importance of fostering and preserving regional culture, regional languagesneed to be given the widest opportunity to play a bigger role. Strengthening the existence and continuity of regional languages aims to protect regional languages which are one of the nation's wealth. Indonesian as a dynamic language can take advantage of local language vocabulary as an enrichment of Indonesian vocabulary. This attitude not only strengthens regional culture, but also strengthens national culture.
Hindu Society Perception of Catur Varṇa in Bali
Authors: Saitya Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam , Adnyana Ida Bagus Putu
Published: January 2022

The social life of the Hindu community in Bali cannot be separated from the ins and outs of work which then reflects the profession of the people who claim it. Professions in the social life of society will give birth to something called the professional group. This professional group will then have a social impact in the form of life strata in society. There is a separation between one profession and another, which then gives birth to a concept of ideas called the Catur Varṇa. In recent years there has been a widespread dualism of perspectives on the meaning of this Catur Varṇa concept. Some of them stated that this concept was a tradition passed down from generation to generation and there were also those who stated that this concept was an idea to organize the social life of Balinese people. The Catur Varṇa concept itself can be understood through literature which gives birth to a reality and facts. The concept of Catur Varṇa has been degraded due to the cognitive bias of the Balinese Hindu community in Bali in embodying the meaning of this concept. So that this concept does not give birth to social life that is more organized but instead creates a social problem that causes inequality in the body of community life. This inequality must be corrected immediately so that it does not become a tradition that has increasingly worsened the atmosphere of social life in Bali. Because today the concept of Catur Varṇa is consciously shifting meaning into a new concept that we have previously called the term Catur Wangsa.
BUILDING RELIGIOUS INCLUSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: Winditya Hermawan , Triguna Ida Bagus Gde Yudha , Utama I Wayan Budi
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to know why the students of Bina Nusantara University have inclusive religious character. This study used qualitative method by phenomenon approach. Various data sources such as data from focus group discussions (FGD), participant observation, and documents. This descriptive analysis technique is used to describe how learning can behave inclusively in religious education and its development patterns. Meanwhile, descriptive analysis techniques are used to describe field findings, make observations, interpret, and carry out the final analysis. The conclusions are (1) inclusive religious behavior in Binus has been implemented well by Binus students by building harmonious relations between students in the life of the academic community in Binus. They can get along well and can build together, both inside and outside the classroom. Harmony also occurs in relations with the wider community, which is manifested in the social activities of students, who are involved in UMKM activities and student associations at Binus. (2) the inclusion of inclusive student religious behavior by Binus has been well structured and planned through a learning process, an assessment system, and technical activities that are conducive to the plural reality of Indonesian society by building self-management and teamwork skills. There are some implications for the life of Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta. First, the relations between students of different religions in the classroom are getting tighter. Second, creating a family atmosphere between students in the organization. Third, the lecture atmosphere in the classroom is very conducive. Fourth, Binus' closeness to the surrounding community. Fifth, the brotherhood of the Binus academic community is getting tighter. Sixth, Binus' achievement enhancement.
THE ROLE OF PARENTS TO REALIZE CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH THREE MOTTOS OF KI HADJAR DEWANTARA IN ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Wulandari Ida Ayu Gde , Kanta I Gede Eka Surya
Published: January 2022

The role of parents during the pandemic is needed in building of children's character at home. Character education in online learning can be doing by implementing the three slogans of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, namely, ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangunkarso, and tut wuri handayani. Ing ngarso sung tulodo is the role of parents that can being an example for their children, ing madyo mangunkarso is the role of parents in providing enthusiasm for their children in learning at home, and tut wuri handayani is the role of parents in encouraging children in learning process. The pattern of character education by applying that three slogans is also harmonized which the teachings in Hindu religious literature. By using the literature study method, this paper uses references from various sources, namely journals, books, Hindu literary works, and the internet. By a literature study was found that Hindu literature sources have taught parents in educating children, from an early age to adulthood. Based on the Hindu literature, can be harmonized through the three slogans of Ki Hadjar Dewantara during online learning at home in bulding the character during the pandemic.
THE COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON “TAMAN BEJI GRIYA” IN PUNGGUL VILLAGE, ABIAN SEMAL, BADUNG
Authors: Inten Mayuni A.A. , Rai Sitalaksm A.A. , Suwendri Ni Made
Published: January 2022

The community-based ecotourism (CBET) is a new paradigm of tourism to encourage
the preservation of nature and culture, as well as improve the economy of local people. The development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” in Punggul Village which is managed by the extended family community, “Griya Gede Manuaba Punggul”, is the main focus of this study. This CBET combines natural attractions such as waterfalls and caves with malukat and tirtayatra rituals, without changing its socio-religious function. Through a management strategy and a SWOT analysis approach, the development pattern and the potential and constraints of this CBET can be identified. This study found that the development pattern of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” includes the environment scanning, formulation strategy, implementation strategy, evaluation and control. The potential and constraints for the development of CBET “Taman Beji Griya” include internal and external factors. The internal potential includes land ownership status, management competence, and family support. Its external potential includes positive responses from tourists, community support, and the influence of social media. Internal constraints include limited financial capital, human resources, and management. Externally, the constraints include government regulations, relationships with traditional institutions and local agencies, as well as uncertain sources of income.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHARACTER VALUE INTERNALIZATION THROUGH NGUSABHA SAMBAH TOWARDS BALI AGA CULTURE RESILIENCE TENGANAN PEGRINGSINGAN VILLAGE, MANGGIS DISCRICT, KARANGASEM REGENCY
Authors: Rahayu Dewi Putu Ersa , Suadnyana I Nyoman , Widya Fitriani Luh Putu
Published: January 2022

Every human individual is always in the process of forming his character, because a character is formed starting from the family, school, and environment. Formally, the formation of human character is formed consciously and systematically in developing self-potential. Tenganan Pegringsingan Traditional Village has a religious tradition which is considered as a place for internalizing character values which is devoted as a form of cultural resilience in the Tenganan Pegringsingan Traditional Village, which is held annually and every three years for muran which is marked with sasih kapat twice in one year which is right on sasih kalima according to the calendar system of the Tenganan Pegringsingan Traditional Village is called Ngusaba Sambah. The results of this scientific paper using a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. 
THE MEANING OF VIRAT VIDYA'S TEACHINGS IN THE TEXT OF TUTUR BHUWANA MAREKA
Authors: Adnyana Ida Bagus Putu , Redi I Wayan , Widya Sena I Gusti Made
Published: January 2022

The text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka is a lontar text that has a Shivaistic nuance and is
thick with Tattwa teachings. The text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka has a core teaching that discusses a lot about the creation, maintenance, and destruction of the universe or what is known as Virat Vidyā. This study will discuss three basic consensus as the formulation of the problem which includes the meaning of harmony in the process of creation (uttpti), maintenance (stiti), and destruction (pralina). This study uses the theory of Hermeneutics from Friedrich August Wolf to discuss the overall problem formulation in this study. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with several stages, namely: determining the type of research, finding sources of research data both primary and secondary data, determining research instruments, determining informants using purposive sampling techniques, collecting data using library, document, and descriptive methods, interview, then
analyze the data, and present the results of the data analysis. The meaning of harmony in the process of creation (uttpti) of the universe in the text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka is the existence of Sang Hyang Mareka Jati to respond to an empty and silent situation without any creation. All objects and living things that He created are correlated with each other and this is what shows the existence of harmony in the universe. Because in essence the universe without its contents is incomplete and living things cannot live and settle without the existence of the universe. Furthermore, the meaning of harmony in the process of maintaining (stiti) the universe in the text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka is the existence of Sang Hyang Mareka Jati in protecting the universe and all its contents. Then the last is the meaning of harmony in the process of destruction (pralina) of the universe in the text of Tutur Bhuwana Mareka which is
the return of the elements of creation to the creator, namely Sang Hyang Mareka Jati. The destruction process in this text shows the existence of a cyclic cycle, proving that there is harmony, balance, and harmony in the universe. Creation, maintenance, and destruction are forms of harmony created by God in his manifestation as Sang Hyang Mareka Jati to give understanding to humans that the entire contents of the universe are His manifestations and will surely return to Him.

 
Topical and intralesional immunotherapy in cutaneous infections
Authors: Chandran Bini
Published: January 2022

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of extensive and resistant warts. Promising results have extended the role of immunotherapy to other infections such as extensive molluscum contagiosum, recurrent herpes simplex infections, and cutaneous leishmaniasis, which are resistant to standard treatment. This review focuses on topical and intralesional immunotherapy in the management of cutaneous infections.
A method for determining stoichiometric coefficients using minors of a matrix
Authors: Lombaard Rainier
Published: January 2022

Spinel materials often have complex structures and as a result, balancing of reactions with these compounds by traditional methods become very time consuming. A method to calculate the stoichiometric coefficients for chemical reactions using first a modified matrix-inverse method and then an optimised method is proposed. Both methods are explored using linear algebra and the result demonstrated using a typical chromite reduction reaction.
Hierarchically Engineered Nanostructures from Compositionally Anisotropic Molecular Building Blocks
Authors: Liang Ruiqi , Xue Yazhen , Fu Xiaowei , Le An , Song Qingliang , Qiang Yicheng , Xie Qiong , Dong Ruiqi , Sun Zehao , Osuji Chinedum , Johnson Jeremiah , Li Weihua , Zhong Mingjiang
Published: January 2022

The inability to synthesize hierarchical structures with independently tailored nanoscale and mesoscale features limits the discovery of next-generation multifunctional materials. We present a programmable molecular self-assembly strategy to craft nanostructured materials with a variety of phase-in-phase hierarchical morphologies. The compositionally anisotropic building blocks employed in the assembly process are formed by multi-component graft block copolymers (GBCPs) containing sequence-defined side chains. The judicious design of various structural parameters in the GBCPs enables broadly tunable compositions, morphologies, and lattice parameters across the nanoscale and mesoscale in the assembled structures. Our strategy introduces new design principles for the efficient creation of complex hierarchical structures and provides a facile synthetic platform to access nanomaterials with multiple precisely integrated functionalities.
Efektivitas Media E-Paper Sebagai Wahana Produktifitas Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Moral
Authors: Rosida Sisi
Published: January 2022

Learning literature in the digital form makes instilling character values in students easier. Learning to write moral stories as a potential alternative to imitating good behavior may foster literary appreciation through the publication of the results of writing moral stories. This study examined the effectiveness of e-paper in improving the ability to write moral stories and students’ productivity in learning. The type of this study was quantitative-descriptive research using a pre-experimental design, specifically in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. In this study, data were collected using a written test and documentation. The results showed that (1) e-paper was effective in improving the ability to write moral stories. (2) the learning process involved e-paper as a medium for student productivity in writing moral stories, as reviewed from students’ learning outcomes published in the mass media.
ВОПРОСЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РЕГИОНА: ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Багайников Михаил
Published: January 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы повышения уровня продовольственной безопасности региона в контексте повышения качества почв, как основы функционирования регионального агрокомплекса. Дана краткая характеристика продовольственной обеспеченности населения Иркутской области основными видами продовольствия, в том числе с точки зрения медицинских норм и проведено сопоставление совокупной потребности региона с фактическим производством. Проведен краткий анализ производственного потенциала агропродовольственной системы Иркутской области, на основе которого выявлены значительные потери наиболее ценной части земельных угодий – пашни, постепенно утрачивающей свои продуктивные свойства. Для вовлечения угодий в хозяйственный оборот требуется повышение их продуктивных качеств путем применения научно обоснованных агротехнических и мелиоративных мероприятий, учитывающих особенности конкретных эколого-мелиоративных комплексов. Повышение плодородия почв позволит существенно повысить производительность сельского хозяйства региона, и способствовать укреплению его продовольственной безопасности.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ЦИФРОВОГО РАЗРЫВА МЕЖДУ регионами сельскохозяйственной специализации
Authors: Осовин Максим
Published: January 2022

Основной целью исследования послужило обоснование необходимости укрепления системы межрегионального сотрудничества и создания тематических инновационных экосистем для снижения цифрового разрыва между регионами сельскохозяйственной специализации. В процессе исследования применялись методы системного, сравнительного и факторного анализа, отдельные элементы метода группировок, обобщения и систематизация. При работе со статистическими массивами данных применялись методы экономико-математического анализа. В работе проведена группировка российских регионов по уровню цифрового развития. Показано, что темпы цифровизации в группах догоняющего и умеренного цифрового развития сдерживаются разнородной специализацией входящих в них регионов. На основе анализа нормативно-правовой базы стран-членов Евросоюза выявлено, что созданная Европейской комиссией тематическая платформа умной специализации является одним из наиболее успешных решений по укреплению межрегионального сотрудничества в сфере цифровизации сельского хозяйства. Обоснована необходимость трансфера опыта стран-членов ЕС для снижения цифрового разрыва между регионами Российской Федерации и увеличения инновационной активности предприятий национального агропродовольственного комплекса. Сделан вывод, что создание межрегиональной инновационной экосистемы четко обозначит пробелы в производственно-сбытовых цепочках каждого участника, выявит общие направления технической модернизации сельскохозяйственного производства, конкретизирует области для совместного инвестирования в проекты с высокой потенциальной отдачей, а также будет способствовать снижению стоимости и скорости технического обслуживания цифровых устройств, применяемых в сельском хозяйстве.