bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pollen Niche from Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Tetrapediini) in a Brazilian Semi-deciduous Lowland Forest
Authors: Cavalcante Arianne Moreira , Da Silva Cláudia Inês , Nogueira David S. , Pinto Gercy S. , Parente Maria da Conceição , Freitas Breno M.
Published: June 2023

Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) is a solitary bee with wide geographical distribution. Females of this species usually nest in pre-existing cavities and although their biology is relatively well known, studies on their trophic niche are still scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the plant species used in the diet of immature T. diversipes through the analysis of residual pollen material. The nests used in the study were obtained through the use of trap nests during the period between December 2014 and October 2015, distributed in an area of coastal forest in northeastern Brazil. For the study of the trophic niche, samples of post-emergency residue (feces) from cells of offspring of males (n = 31) and females (n = 66) of T. diversipes were analyzed. In total, 29 pollen types were identified in the feeding of T. diversipes, being of the pollen types identified, only seven were not used by both sexes. Although a significant difference was found in the amplitude in the trophic niche between the sexes, there was a high overlap for Horn-Morisita index (CH = 0.989), with no significant difference being found in the frequency distribution of male and female food items (D = 0.214; p = 0.341). In this study we concluded that the diet of T. diversipes in coastal forest is polyletic, similarly to the pattern found in other studies of pollen resources in different vegetation in Brazil, with a predominance of pollen from the families Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae and Onagraceae.
10-µJ-level femtosecond pulse generation in the erbium CPA fiber source with microstructured hollow-core fiber assisted delivery and nonlinear frequency conversion
Authors: Krylov Alexander , Senatorov Andrey , Gladyshev Alexey , Yatsenko Yury , Kosolapov Alexey , Kolyadin Anton , Khudyakov Maxim , Likhachev Mikhail , Bufetov Igor
Published: June 2023

We report on the development of a chirped pulse amplification (CPA) designed erbium fiber source with a hybrid high-power amplifier, which is composed of erbium-doped and erbium/ytterbium-co-doped double-clad large-mode-area fibers. Stretched pulses from the high-power amplifier with up to 21.9 µJ energy and 198.5 kHz repetition rate are dechirped in the transmission grating pair-based compressor with 73% efficiency, yielding as short as 742 fs duration with 15.8 µJ energy and ≈13MW peak power (maximum average power up to 3.14 W) at the central wavelength of 1.56 µm. Compressed pulses are coupled into microstructured negative-curvature hollow-core fibers with a single row capillary cladding and different core sizes of 34 µm and 75 µm in order to realize femtosecond pulse delivery with a diffraction-limited output beam (M2≤1.09) and demonstrate ∼200nJ Stokes pulse generation at 1712 nm via rotational SRS in pressurized hydrogen (H2). We believe that the developed system may be a prospect for high-precision material processing and other high-energy and high-peak-power laser applications.
Effect of pulse duration on the above-threshold ionization of a hydrogen atom irradiated by a 400 nm intense laser
Authors: Yuan Haiying , Yang Yujun , Guo Fuming , Wang Jun , Chen Jigen , Feng Wei , Cui Zhiwen
Published: June 2023

The photoelectron emission spectra generated by the interaction between ultrashort intense laser pulses and atoms can reveal the ultrafast dynamics of electrons. By using the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in momentum space, the photoelectron emission spectra of atoms irradiated by 400 nm intense lasers with different durations of the pulse has been investigated. In the photoelectron emission spectrum, in addition to the above-threshold ionization peaks due to ionization interference in multiple cycles and the sideband peaks mainly due to the interference of ionized electrons at different moments along the rising edge of the laser pulse envelope, additional peaks of photoelectron emission whose intensity appears to oscillate with the increasing duration of the laser pulse can also be observed. Based on strong-field approximation and the population’s analysis of the bound state, it is found that these photoelectron peaks originate from the ionization of the excited state and the oscillations of these peaks are due to the superposition of their peak energy positions with the sideband energy positions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the energy positions of the maximum intensity of the photoelectron emission spectra move towards the higher energy end as the duration of the driving laser pulse extends. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that the main moment of ionization of atoms changes with the increasing duration of the driving laser pulse, thus allowing the real-time ionization of atoms to be probed using photoelectron emission spectra.
Electrically controllable optical switch metasurface based on vanadium dioxide
Authors: Ma Yukuan , Zhou Hao , Huang Yulei , Guo Jianshe , Zhu Yuehong , Wu Zhujing , Gu Qiongqiong , Miao Zixiao , Yan Congliao , Wang Shutong , Deng Guoliang , Zhou Shouhuan
Published: June 2023

We report a voltage-tunable reflective gold wire grid metasurface on vanadium dioxide thin film, which consists of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure. We excite surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes on the gold surface by fabricating a one-dimensional structured gold wire grid. Joule heating of laser-induced graphene (LIG) can be controlled by the voltage at the bottom, allowing vanadium dioxide in the structure to complete the transition from the insulating state to the metallic state. The phase transition of vanadium dioxide strongly disrupts the plasmon modes excited by the gold wire grid above, thereby realizing a huge change in the reflection spectrum. This acts as a tunable metasurface optical switch with a maximum modulation depth (MD) of over 20 dB. We provide a more effective and simple method for creating tunable metasurfaces in the near-infrared band, which can allow metasurfaces to have wider applications in optical signal processing, optical storage, and holography.
Study on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of Ni-doped WTe2 films
Authors: Mu JiaXiang , Zhang Qi , Yuan XiYi , Ali Mukhtiar , Qi Hong , Wang Fei , Sun WenJun , Li Ming
Published: June 2023

Nickel-doped tungsten telluride films (Ni/WTe2) were prepared by direct current-radio frequency (DC-RF) co-sputtering technique, and the doping content of Ni elements in the films was varied by changing the DC target power. We investigated the effect of metal doping and different doping concentrations on the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of the doped films. The nonlinear absorption coefficients and nonlinear refraction coefficients of the doped films were measured at the 532 nm using the ps Z-scan technique with significant enhancement over the undoped WTe2 films. It is shown that the saturation absorption effect and self-dispersion effect of WTe2 film can be effectively tuned by doping transition metal.
Feeling lucky? Prospective and retrospective cues for sensorimotor confidence
Authors: Fassold Marissa E. , Locke Shannon M. , Landy Michael S.
Published: June 2023

On a daily basis, humans interact with the outside world using judgments of sensorimotor confidence, constantly evaluating our actions for success. We ask, what sensory and motor-execution cues are used in making these judgements and when are they available? Two sources of temporally distinct information are prospective cues, available prior to the action (e.g., knowledge of motor noise and past performance), and retrospective cues specific to the action itself (e.g., proprioceptive measurements). We investigated the use of these two cues in two tasks, a secondary motor-awareness task and a main task in which participants reached toward a visual target with an unseen hand and then made a continuous judgment of confidence about the success of the reach. Confidence was reported by setting the size of a circle centered on the reach-target location, where a larger circle reflects lower confidence. Points were awarded if the confidence circle enclosed the true endpoint, with fewer points returned for larger circles. This incentivized accurate reaches and attentive reporting to maximize the score. We compared three Bayesian-inference models of sensorimotor confidence based on either prospective cues, retrospective cues, or both sources of information to maximize expected gain (i.e., an ideal-performance model). Our findings primarily showed two distinct strategies: participants either performed as ideal observers, using both prospective and retrospective cues to make the confidence judgment, or relied solely on prospective information, ignoring retrospective cues. Thus, participants can make use of retrospective cues, evidenced by the behavior observed in our motor-awareness task, but these cues are not always included in the computation of sensorimotor confidence.
Household costs and care seeking patterns associated with COVID-19 in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Chinkhumba Jobiba , Mpinganjira Samuel , Kumitawa Andrew , Malopa Mercy , Longwe Dalitso , Phiri Vincent Samuel , Nyirenda Tonney S. , Mwapasa Victor
Published: June 2023

Economic consequences of COVID-19 illness and healthcare use for households in low income countries are not well known. We estimated costs associated with COVID-19 care-seeking and treatment from a household perspective and assessed determinants of treatment costs. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted between December 2020 and November 2021 in urban and peri-urban areas of Blantyre district. Adults (age ≥18 years) with confirmed COVID-19 were asked to report the symptoms they experienced or prompted them to seek COVID-19 tests as well as healthcare seeking behaviors preceding and following COVID-19 diagnosis. For individuals who sought healthcare, information on out-of-pocket expenditures incurred while seeking and receiving care including on transport, food etc. by both the patients and their guardians was collected. Finally, data on time use seeking, receiving care and during convalesces was recorded. Multivariate Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate association between household COVID-19 costs and their determinants. Of 171 individuals who took part in the study, the average age was 40.7 years, standard deviation (SD) 15.0, and 50.8% were females. Most participants (85.3%) were symptomatic. Of these, 67.8% sought care at health facilities and the majority (91.7%) were treated as outpatients. The average total household cost associated with COVID-19 seeking, receiving care and convalescence was $62.81 (SD $126.02). Average costs for outpatient and inpatient cases were $52.96 (SD $54.35) and $172.39 (SD $407.08), respectively. Average out-of-pocket household expenditures were $42.62 (SD $123.10), accounting for 62% of total household costs. Being a male COVID-19 patient and engagement in formal employment were significantly associated with high COVID-19 household costs. Households face high economic burden related to COVID-19 sickness and healthcare use. Social policies that support households cope with both the direct and indirect COVID-19 cost are needed to ensure access to healthcare and protect households from COVID-19 related shocks.
Efficient thermal face recognition method using optimized curvelet features for biometric authentication
Authors: Ali Mona A. S. , Meselhy Eltoukhy Mohamed , Rajeena P. P. Fathimathul , Gaber Tarek
Published: June 2023

Biometric technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in several vital applications that substitute traditional password and token authentication mechanisms. Recognition accuracy and computational cost are two important aspects that are to be considered while designing biometric authentication systems. Thermal imaging is proven to capture a unique thermal signature for a person and thus has been used in thermal face recognition. However, the literature did not thoroughly analyse the impact of feature selection on the accuracy and computational cost of face recognition which is an important aspect for limited resources applications like IoT ones. Also, the literature did not thoroughly evaluate the performance metrics of the proposed methods/solutions which are needed for the optimal configuration of the biometric authentication systems. This paper proposes a thermal face-based biometric authentication system. The proposed system comprises five phases: a) capturing the user’s face with a thermal camera, b) segmenting the face region and excluding the background by optimized superpixel-based segmentation technique to extract the region of interest (ROI) of the face, c) feature extraction using wavelet and curvelet transform, d) feature selection by employing bio-inspired optimization algorithms: grey wolf optimizer (GWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA), e) the classification (user identification) performed using classifiers: random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbour (KNN), and naive bayes (NB). Upon the public dataset, Terravic Facial IR, the proposed system was evaluated using the metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area. The results showed that the curvelet features optimized using the GWO and classified with random forest could help in authenticating users through thermal images with performance up to 99.5% which is better than the results of wavelet features by 10% while the former used 5% fewer features. In addition, the statistical analysis showed the significance of our proposed model. Compared to the related works, our system showed to be a better thermal face authentication model with a minimum set of features, making it computational-friendly.
Comparison of programmatic data from antenatal clinics with population-based HIV prevalence estimates in the era of universal test and treat in western Kenya
Authors: Ambia Julie , Romero-Prieto Julio E. , Kwaro Daniel , Risher Kathryn , Khagayi Sammy , Calvert Clara , Obor David , Tlhajoane Malebogo , Odongo Fredrick , Marston Milly , Slaymaker Emma , Rice Brian , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa Whiteson , Eaton Jeffrey W. , Reniers Georges
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare HIV prevalence estimates from routine programme data in antenatal care (ANC) clinics in western Kenya with HIV prevalence estimates in a general population sample in the era of universal test and treat (UTT).

Methods

The study was conducted in the area covered by the Siaya Health Demographic Surveillance System (Siaya HDSS) in western Kenya and used data from ANC clinics and the general population. ANC data (n = 1,724) were collected in 2018 from 13 clinics located within the HDSS. The general population was a random sample of women of reproductive age (15–49) who reside in the Siaya HDSS and participated in an HIV sero-prevalence survey in 2018 (n = 2,019). Total and age-specific HIV prevalence estimates were produced from both datasets and demographic decomposition methods were used to quantify the contribution of the differences in age distributions and age-specific HIV prevalence to the total HIV prevalence estimates.

Results

Total HIV prevalence was 18.0% (95% CI 16.3–19.9%) in the ANC population compared with 18.4% (95% CI 16.8–20.2%) in the general population sample. At most ages, HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population than in the general population. The age distribution of the ANC population was younger than that of the general population, and because HIV prevalence increases with age, this reduced the total HIV prevalence among ANC attendees relative to prevalence standardised to the general population age distribution.

Conclusion

In the era of UTT, total HIV prevalence among ANC attendees and the general population were comparable, but age-specific HIV prevalence was higher in the ANC population in most age groups. The expansion of treatment may have led to changes in both the fertility of women living with HIV and their use of ANC services, and our results lend support to the assertion that the relationship between ANC and general population HIV prevalence estimates are highly dynamic.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF THE DISPOSAL OF COMMON PROPERTY OF SPOUSES IN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Kovalenko E.Y. , Davydova V.O.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with topical issues of private international law when disposing of the commonproperty of spouses, in particular, the range of known conflict bindings is determined when choosing theapplicable law in resolving property issues between spouses, the main current problems caused by conflictdifficulties are analyzed, and their possible solutions are proposed. The authors analyzed the followingconflict problems: determining the joint place of residence of the spouses; difficulties associated with thedivision of the property regime of spouses, depending on its types; the problem of the possible occurrenceof a return reference or reference to the laws of a third state; issues related to the occurrence of a mobilecollision or mobile conflict. Among the conflict bindings when choosing the applicable law in the process ofresolving property issues between spouses, the main ones are: the joint place of residence of the spouses (lexdomicilii), and in its absence — the common citizenship of the spouses (lex patria), and if it is also absent —the last joint place of residence spouses. In the case of its absence, the law and order of the state whose lawenforcement authority resolves this case is applied. In addition, the principle of autonomy of the will of theparties (lex voluntatis) can also be used.
THE BOLOGNA PROCESS: INTEGRATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Berg I. , Ibragimov J.I. , Kapsalyamova S. S. , Osmanova D.B.
Published: June 2023

This work is devoted to the legal analysis of the implementation of the Bologna process in the Kazakheducation system. After signing the agreement on the implementation of the Bologna Process, Kazakhstanhas intensified international cooperation in the field of higher education. The integration of the country'shigher education system into the global educational space is one of the long — term strategic priorities ofthe republic. A significant number of bilateral intergovernmental agreements on cooperation with higherschools of foreign countries have been signed, and the number of direct agreements with foreign universitieshas increased significantly. Quality assurance systems are of fundamental importance for higher educationprograms. The degree or diploma of each cycle should determine the general direction and occupation, andthe qualification system should take into account all the diversity of individual needs, academic success anddemand in the labor market.
Agricultural fungicidal effect of Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, 1811 propolis extract
Authors: Macedo Lucas Pereira , Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos Pereira de , Castro Carlos Frederico de Souza , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia
Published: June 2023

Propolis is a resinous product rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids produced by bees. This study aimed to evaluate the propolis of Tetragonisca angustula regarding its classification group, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and its antifungal biological activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum phytopathogens of grains and fruits of interest commercial. Propolis was collected from T. angustula hives in a permanent preservation area. The ethanolic extract was produced by static maceration. The classification group according to the dermal color, the determination of the bands were obtained in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer between 450-800 nm, the antifungal activity carried out in in vitro PDA medium at different concentrations on S. sclerotiorum, C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum and expressed as a percentage (%). The group in which T. angustula propolis extract fits is the 12 SP12 group, UV-Vis bands identified the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds and the antifungal activity demonstrated that S. sclerotiorum is more sensitive when comparing the two species Colletotrichum fungi evaluated.
Montesquieu’s Theory of the Separation of Powers, Legislative Flexibility and Judicial Restraint in an Unwritten Constitution
Authors: Akhtar Zia
Published: June 2023

A constitution is a body of laws that is composed of various branches which exist as the legal source of its powers. These are designed to regulate by defining the role of the executive, legislature and the judiciary, which are the three organs of government that Baron Montesquieu defined as necessary in a constitution. The constitutional government can be evaluated on its capacity (i) to maintain the rule of law, (ii) to preserve an electoral mechanism for political democracy and (iii) to protect a morally and legally acceptable set of substantive rights. The conventions are the source of unwritten constitutions which preserve the balance of powers by relying on the concept of judicial restraint and deference to the executive. The contemporary relevance of Baron Montesquieu’s theory is in the context of a fused system, and the question is the extent to which the executive can override the judicial powers in matters of state.

Keywords: separation of powers; unwritten constitution; Westminster model; constitutionalism; juridical review; “one voice” principle; administrative deference.
The Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 and Tikanga
Authors: Powell The Honourable Justice Grant
Published: June 2023

The following article is based on a speech delivered by Justice Powell on 3 May 2023 on the challenges of applying the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. Justice Powell discusses the background and history of the current legislation. He then considers the challenges of applying tikanga under the statutory tests for customary marine title and protected customary rights.

Keywords: tikanga; customary rights; High Court of New Zealand.
A New ent-kaurene Diterpenoid Isolated from Leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. and its Potential Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Márquez Andrés Eduardo , Pérez Alida , Rojas Luis , Aparicio Rosa , Ramos Freddy , Obregón Ysbelia , Usubillaga Alfredo
Published: June 2023

The fraction of the neutral extraction of the leaves of Espeletia semiglobulata Cuatrec. was subjected to chromatographic separation, it yielded four ent-kaurene type diterpenoids: three known [ent-kaur-16-en-19-al (I), ent-kaur-18-nor-16-en-4-ol (III), ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol (IV)] and a new one elucidated as ent-kaur-3-acetoxy-15-ene (II), based on the physicochemical and spectroscopic data of FTIR, GC-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. These compounds were subjected to antimicrobial bioassay studies. This new ent-kaurene showed a significant inhibition potential against the growth of gram negative bacterial strains [Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922): 8 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357): 10 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853): 8 mm], it also showed inhibition against the growth of fungal strain (Candida krusei: 8 mm), at a 2 mg/mL concentration. The compounds (I), (III) and (IV) failed to show any significant results in the antimicrobial screening against five bacterial strains [Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 23357), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) y Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)] and one fungal strain [Candida krusei (ATCC 6558)]. These results reveal a remarkable natural structure-activity relationship of the ent-kaurene core regarding the C-3 position (A ring of perhydrophenanthrene unit), whose oxygenation or addition of a hydrogen bond acceptor or donor group, improves the antimicrobial activity.
Effect of Female Age on Crossing Over Frequency in Drosophila melanogaster Crosses N x bcl and N x ym and Their Reciprocals
Authors: Savitri Lisa , Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo , Krissanjaya Rochmad , Juwita Syntia Tanu , Antoro Ester Lianawati , Wulansari Ida Septika
Published: June 2023

Crossing over is the occurrence of disconnection and reconnection followed by a reciprocal exchange between the two chromatids in a bivalent form. The crossing event will produce parental type and recombinant type. In the event of crossing over, various factors can influence it. These factors can be due to internal and external. Recently, various factors have been reported that influence the incidence of crossing over. These factors include age, temperature, radiation, and changes in chromosome structure. This research is a type of experimental research that uses a randomized block design. Randomized block design by crossing D. melanogaster strains ?N>< ?bcl and ?N>< ?ym and their reciprocals. From the results of this cross (F1) then cross again ?N with the recessive male (from stock) then observe the phenotype of the offspring (F2) and calculate the results of the offspring. The F2 ?N crosses were treated with age variations, namely 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days. Based on the results of these crosses, the derived strains that appeared in the F2 crosses showed the phenomenon of crossing over with the influence of the age of the female and the type of strain on crossing events. the frequency or value of crossing over (formation of recombinants) decreased with the increasing age of the female. If the age of the female affects the frequency of crossing over, then the older the female, the more likely the frequency of crossing over will decrease. However, because the data obtained were incomplete, it was not possible to know the effect of female age on the frequency of crossing over of D. melanogaster crosses ?N>< ? bcl and ?N >< ?ym and their reciprocals. The condition for crossing over is the formation of a synaptonemal complex. Age of D. melanogaster females has an effect on the frequency of crossing over in crosses N? >< bcl?, N? >< ym?, and their reciprocals. The older Drosophila melanogaster is, the lower the frequency of crossing over will occur. Based on this, it was necessary to cross D. melanogaster with strains N, bcl, and ym. A cross consists of ?N ><?ym and their reciprocals. By crossing ?N with a recessive male from the stock, then observing the F2 phenotype, it is hoped that crossing over will occur. So that you can better understand by doing the practice directly. In this case, the effect of crossing over is seen from the age of the female and the type of strain.
Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Schefflera elliptica Leaves
Authors: Kirtanayasa I Gede Yoga Ayuning , Indraningrat Anak Agung Gede , Candra I Putu
Published: June 2023

Schefflera elliptica or locally called kayu tulak, is one of the Balinese herbal plants that have traditionally be used to reject (tulak) negative influences that exist in the human body. Althoug, S. elliptica has been routinely used as a part of a ritual in Bali, only a limited study has been reported on its bioactivity. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemical content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity of S. elliptica. In this study, simplisia of S. elliptica was extracted using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, then the viscous extracts of the two solvents were carried out for phytochemical tests, antibacterial activity tests with the Kirby-Bauer method and antioxidant activity tests with based on DPPH method. Phytochemical screening showed that the n-hexane extract contains active compounds in the form of phenols and steroids while ethyl acetate contains active compounds in the form of phenols, tannins, and steroids. Antibacterial screening showed ethyl acetate extract of S. elliptica displayed a diameter zone of inhibition of 10.72±0.71 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 12.17±2.80 mm against Streptococcus mutans, 12.40±1.65 mm against Escherichia coli and 15.20±2.44 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The DPPH analysis showed percentages of 61.17% and 67.42% from n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively, which indicated the antioxidant properties of S. elliptica. Overall, this research provides a preliminary report on the bioactivity potential of S. elliptica mainly in term of antibacterial and antioxidant properties which open up possibilities for future drug development.
Fiber Concentration on Fermentation of Cleome Gynandra L Based on Storage Time and Solvent Change
Authors: Restusari Lily , Dewi Ayu Komala , Elisanti Alinea Dwi
Published: June 2023

Cleome gynandra L (CGL) or Maman plant, is the basic ingredient of Malay food in Riau Province, Indonesia. The young leaves and stems of CGL are processed into fermented food (Joruk Maman). It contains crude fiber and is useful for lowering blood cholesterol levels. However, effective storage of this CGL has not been carried out. This study wants to see the effect of storage time and solvent change on the fiber content of Joruk Maman. An experimental study applied a completely randomized design (CRD) using 5 groups and 2 repetitions. This sample of CGL leaves was taken from one seller in the Rokan Hilir market of Riau Province. The primary outcome was a difference to the number of fibers in Joruk Maman without solvent change (p =0.001) and with solvent change (p = 0.001) based on the day group and there was no difference base on the temperature group. Secondary outcome was the difference in duration time to produce the highest fiber content at room temperature with the solvent change and not. The highest fiber content occurred at 5 days of storage at room temperature without solvent changing. Meanwhile, by changing the solvent, the fiber content would be optimal for 1-day of storage.
The Attitude of Help-Seeking Behavior Preventing from Mental Health Problems among Adolescents Living in District of Bondowoso
Authors: Syakarofath Nandy Agustin , Widyasari Dian Caesaria
Published: June 2023

The onset of mental health problems during adolescence often manifests into internalizing and externalizing problems. Seeking help to deal with mental health problems suggested better well-being outcomes. This study investigated the contribution of attitude and intention of seeking help for mental health problems among adolescents. Further analysis examined preferences of formal and informal mental health providers and gender-related patterns on help-seeking behaviors and mental health problems among adolescents. A total of 300 adolescents based on multistage random sampling (mean age = 16.49, male = 131 (43.7%), female = 169 (56.3%)) were selected to participate in this study. They completed three questionnaires online, including The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Mental Help Seeking Intention Scale (MHSIS) and Mental Help-Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS). The results showed that attitude to help-seeking contributes significantly to adolescents internalizing and externalizing problems. Female adolescents were more susceptible to experiencing internalizing and externalizing problems. They showed a more positive attitude and stronger intention to seek mental health assistance than their male counterparts. Finally, teachers and friends are the preferred sources of help in dealing with mental health problems. Munculnya masalah kesehatan mental pada masa remaja seringkali bermanifestasi menjadi masalah internalisasi dan eksternalisasi. Mencari bantuan untuk menangani masalah kesehatan mental menunjukkan hasil kesejahteraan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menyelidiki kontribusi sikap dan niat mencari bantuan untuk masalah kesehatan mental di kalangan remaja. Analisis lebih lanjut memeriksa preferensi penyedia kesehatan mental formal dan informal dan pola terkait gender pada perilaku mencari bantuan dan masalah kesehatan mental di kalangan remaja. Sebanyak 300 remaja berdasarkan multistage random sampling (usia rata-rata = 16,49, laki-laki = 131 (43,7%), perempuan = 169 (56,3%)) dipilih untuk berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Mereka mengisi tiga kuesioner online, termasuk Kuesioner Kekuatan dan Kesulitan (SDQ), Skala Niat Mencari Bantuan Mental (MHSIS) dan Skala Sikap Mencari Bantuan Mental (MHSAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap mencari pertolongan berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap internalisasi dan eksternalisasi masalah remaja. Remaja putri lebih rentan mengalami masalah internalisasi dan eksternalisasi. Mereka menunjukkan sikap yang lebih positif dan niat yang lebih kuat untuk mencari bantuan kesehatan mental daripada rekan pria mereka. Terakhir, guru dan teman adalah sumber bantuan yang lebih disukai dalam menangani masalah kesehatan mental.
Non-Microplastic Microbeads From Sago Liquid Waste With The Addition Of Chitosan as Antibacterial Function: A Review
Authors: Silviana Silviana , Khoirudin Fakhri Santo , Pratama Ferris Andhika , Harahap Rizky Putri Adelina , Hasanah Alfi , Ruhmaningrum Queen , Khoiriyah Lailatul , Vianova Saskia , Santoso Michelle Nabillarisa Qori , Guslamari Yoga Anugra , Salsabila Cantika Aulia
Published: June 2023

Plastic has many advantages due to flexibility, unaffordable, transparent, and toughness. Plastics can size into small sizes (microplastics) or large sizes (macroplastics). Microbeads are granules of plastic or fiber that can often be utilized in many personal care products with sizes below 1 mm. These size of microbeads affect to environmental. Microbeads cannot be filtered by the sewage treatment system resulting microbeads go through to end up in water bodies and become a dangerous pollutant. Therefore any efforts must be conducted to replace the use of plastics microbeads. The microbeads can be prepared from with organic materials having easily degradation with stand the same functions. One of the ways can be accomplished through preparation of  bacterial cellulose from sago waste since liquid waste can be used to produce bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose is highly potential to be developed into microbeads as it has advantages of high purity, good tissue structure, high degradation ability, mechanical strength, and easy degradability. The utilization of sago liquid waste is very beneficial because it can reduce environmental pollution and production costs. Additionally, antibacterial properties in microbeads can introduce chitosan, eucalyptus filtrate, celery leaf extract, basil, and cinnamon. The use of chitosan as an additive in the preparation of microbeads will reduce the rate of water adsorption, improve mechanical properties, and reduce the moisture in the microbeads that would promote the ability of microbeads to against bacteria.
Investigation of the halo effect in the evolution of a nonstationary disk of spiral galaxies
Authors: Mannapova Kamola Alimdjanovna , Mirtadjieva Karamat Taxirovna
Published: June 2023

In this article, we consider the problem of the evolution of the disk subsystem of galaxies, taking into account their halos. The global structure of the disk of galaxies strongly depends on the mass and shape of the halo. To this end, we have studied the evolution of nonradial oscillations of a nonstationary disk surrounded by a passive ellipsoidal halo with a uniform density. A system of equations for the evolution of a self-gravitating disk is obtained, taking into account the halo, in the form of matrix differential equations, and a method for its numerical analysis is developed to study the effect of the halo on disk formation. Numerical calculations were performed for various values of the system parameters, such as the initial perturbation, the circular speed of disk rotation, the ratio of the mass of the halo to the mass of the disk, and the time dependences of the major and minor semiaxes of the disk. The critical values of the system parameters are determined at which the halo stabilizes nonlinear and nonradial oscillations of the disk subsystem of galaxies at an early stage of their evolution.
Recent progress in marine mycological research in different countries, and prospects for future developments worldwide
Authors: Pang Ka-Lai , Jones E. B. Gareth , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed A. , Adams Sarah J. , Alves Artur , Azevedo Egídia , Bahkali Ali H. , Barata Margarida , Burgaud Gaëtan , Caeiro Maria Filomena , Calabon Mark S. , Devadatha Bandarupalli , Dupont Joëlle , Fryar Sally C. , González Maria C. , Jin Jing , Mehiri Mohamed , Meslet-Cladière Laurence , Prado Soizic , Rämä Teppo , Reich Marlis , Roullier Catherine , Sarma Vemuri Venkateswara , Tibell Leif , Tibell Sanja , Velez Patricia , Walker Allison K.
Published: June 2023

Early research on marine fungi was mostly descriptive, with an emphasis on their diversity and taxonomy, especially of those collected at rocky shores on seaweeds and driftwood. Subsequently, further substrata (e.g. salt marsh grasses, marine animals, seagrasses, sea foam, seawater, sediment) and habitats (coral reefs, deep-sea, hydrothermal vents, mangroves, sandy beaches, salt marshes) were explored for marine fungi. In parallel, research areas have broadened from micro-morphology to ultrastructure, ecophysiology, molecular phylogenetics, biogeography, biodeterioration, biodegradation, bioprospecting, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics. Although marine fungi only constitute a small fraction of the global mycota, new species of marine fungi continue to be described from new hosts/substrata of unexplored locations/habitats, and novel bioactive metabolites have been discovered in the last two decades, warranting a greater collaborative research effort. Marine fungi of Africa, the Americas and Australasia are under-explored, while marine Chytridiomycota and allied taxa, fungi associated with marine animals, the functional roles of fungi in the sea, and the impacts of climate change on marine fungi are some of the topics needing more attention. In this article, currently active marine mycologists from different countries have written on the history and current state of marine fungal research in individual countries highlighting their strength in the subject, and this represents a first step towards a collaborative inter- and transdisciplinary research strategy.
Caustics of pseudo-spherical surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space
Authors: Teramoto Keisuke
Published: June 2023

We study geometric properties of caustics of pseudo-spherical surfaces, that is, surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature -1 in the Euclidean 3-space

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

. We investigate the Gaussian and the mean curvature of caustics of pseudo-spherical surfaces. Moreover, a certain condition required for the caustics to be minimal surfaces is derived.
A uniform Besov boundedness and the well-posedness of the generalized dissipative quasi-geostrophic equation in the critical Besov space
Authors: Chen Yanping , Guo Zihua , Tian Tian
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we consider a kind of singular integrals which appear in the generalized 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic (QG) equation

∂
t

⁡
θ

+

u
⋅

∇
⁡
θ

+

κ
⁢

Λ

2
⁢
β

⁢
θ

=
0

,

(
x
,
t
)

∈

ℝ
2

×

ℝ
+

,

κ
>
0

,

\partial_{t}\theta+u\cdot\nabla\theta+\kappa\Lambda^{2\beta}\theta=0,\quad(x,t%
)\in\mathbb{R}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}^{+},\;\kappa>0,

where

u
=

-

∇
⊥

⁡

Λ

-
2

+

2
⁢
α

⁢
θ

{u=-\nabla^{\bot}\Lambda^{-2+2\alpha}\theta}

,

α
∈

[
0
,

1
2

]

{\alpha\in[0,\frac{1}{2}]}

and

β
∈

(
0
,
1
]

{\beta\in(0,1]}

. First, we give a relationship between this kind of singular integrals and Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operators and obtain a uniform Besov estimates. As an application, we give the well-posedness of the generalized 2D dissipative quasi-geostrophic (QG) in the critical Besov space.
Modeling 3D crustal velocities in the vicinities of Alaska and the Bering sea
Authors: Snay Richard A. , Freymueller Jeffrey T. , Dennis Michael L.
Published: June 2023

This document introduces Version 0.4 of the TRANS4D software, where TRANS4D is short forTransformations in Four Dimensions. TRANS4D enables geospatial professionals and others to transform three-dimensional positional coordinates across time and among several popular terrestrial reference frames. Version 0.4 introduces new crustal velocity models for the vicinities of Alaska and the Bering Sea, including parts of northwestern Canada and eastern Russia. These new models supplement existing velocity models for the continental United States as well as for most of Canada and for a neighborhood of the Caribbean plate. This document also provides evidence for the existence of a Bering tectonic plate, and it presents estimates for the Euler-pole parameters of this hypothesized plate. Moreover, estimated horizontal velocities computed at several geodetic stations located in Alaska provide evidence for the existence of part of the plate boundary separating the North American plate and the hypothesized Bering plate.
Prosodic words are the domain of emphasis spread: evidence from Northern Rural Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Jaradat Abdulazeez , Jarrah Marwan , Al-Deaibes Mutasim
Published: June 2023

This article, which reports on an experimental study based on data obtained from 86 native speakers of Northern Rural Jordanian Arabic (NRJA), offers empirical evidence that emphasis spread can apply bidirectionally across word edges when they are prosodically word internal. In other words, emphasis can spread from one word to a neighboring (plain) word when the two words form one prosodic word (ω). In order to support this hypothesis, we examine simple construct-state nominals (i.e., nominals consisting of two members), which are widely assumed to behave prosodically as one word in Arabic grammar (see, e.g., Borer, Hagit. 1999. Deconstructing the construct. In Kyle Johnson & Ian Roberts (eds.), Beyond principles and parameters, 3–89. Dordrecht: Kluwer). A simple construct state nominal is mapped onto one ω, as proposed in the current article. Additionally, this article examines instances of construct state nominals in which two words could be members of a ω by cliticization. In this case, a weak form (e.g., a reduced functional word such as an auxiliary verb) is attached to the ω of a lexical word, as an enclitic. The article shows that emphasis spreads across word edges within the ω mapped from a simple construct state nominal or a word along with its enclitics. In so doing, it provides evidence that the domain of emphasis spread is larger than the syllable, morpheme, or single-word form, as proposed by other studies for other Arabic varieties.
Modelling of the porous medium flow with pressure-dependent viscosity and drag coefficient
Authors: Marušić-Paloka Eduard , Pažanin Igor
Published: June 2023

In this paper we consider the porous medium flow through a corrugated channel where the viscosity of the fluid can significantly change with the pressure. Assuming the exponential dependence of the viscosity and drag coefficient on the pressure, we propose the higher-order approximation of the solution to the nonlinear boundary-value problem governing the flow. To accomplish that, we combine the concept of the transformed pressure with asymptotic techniques.
Level of Congruence between Household Perspectives and Mexican Climate Policies on the Issue of Climate Change
Authors:   Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Dulce Liliana González-Hernández , Erik W. Meijles ,   Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Bettina van Hoven ,   University College Groningen
Published: June 2023

This study examines the extent of congruence across the issue of climate change between households and climate policies, based on a case study in Nuevo León, Mexico. We used thematic analysis to examine responses from a household survey and classify perceptions of climate change, which resulted in seven main themes. We then reviewed how the themes are used in selected climate policies to make a comparison between them and household perceptions. We found climate policy concerns focused on mitigating greenhouse gases, preparing for extreme weather events, and reducing impacts that affect economic development in Nuevo León and Mexico. By contrast, respondents showed a wider range of concerns and are especially worried about current issues in their homes and everyday lives. As households have an important role to play in addressing climate change, we argue that a stronger congruence between household perceptions and climate policies could make policies more approachable for households, and thus have a positive impact on policy implementation.
Mental health and media coverage of COVID-19: investigation of the effects of television management, and efficient interrelation of anxiety through the dual technique: suffering VS pain, for the improvement of stress generated by the pandemic
Authors: Vargas José Jesús , Yébenes Cortés María Pilar
Published: June 2023

Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a foreign language is linked to a range of negative and positive emotions. The present study investigated whether language enjoyment and anxiety are potential predictors of WTC. To this end, a group of 349 EFL undergraduate students (Female = 226, Male = 123) enrolled at public Saudi Arabian universities were surveyed. Multiple regression analyses revealed that foreign language enjoyment (FLE) was a predictor of WTC, while foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) did not seem to have a significant correlation with students’ WTC. These results suggest higher levels of enjoyment may have neutralized the effects of anxiety on WTC, indicating the salient role of positive emotions. Implications for foreign language teachers are discussed.
Sprague-Dawley Rats Differ in Responses to Medial Perforant Path Paired Pulse and Tetanic Activation as a Function of Sex and Age
Authors: Walling Susan G. , Harley Carolyn W. , Martin Gerard M. , Dutton Olivia D. E. , Burke Alexander T. , Chirinos Ella A.
Published: June 2023

Network plasticity in the medial perforant path (MPP) of adult (five to nine months) and aged (18–20 months) urethane-anesthetized male and female Sprague Dawley rats was characterized. Paired pulses probed recurrent networks before and after a moderate tetanic protocol. Adult females exhibited greater EPSP-spike coupling suggesting greater intrinsic excitability than adult males. Aged rats did not differ in EPSP-spike coupling but aged females had larger spikes at high currents than males. Paired pulses suggested lower GABA-B inhibition in females. Absolute population spike (PS) measures were larger post-tetani in female rats than male rats. Relative population spike increases were greatest in adult males relative to females and to aged males. EPSP slope potentiation was detected with normalization in some post-tetanic intervals for all groups except aged males. Tetani shortened spike latency across groups. Tetani-associated NMDA-mediated burst depolarizations were larger for the first two trains in each tetanus in adult males than other groups. EPSP slopes over 30 min post-tetani predicted spike size in female rats but not in males. Replicating newer evidence MPP plasticity in adult males was mediated by increased intrinsic excitability. Female MPP plasticity was related to synaptic drive increases, not excitability increases. Aged male rats were deficient in MPP plasticity.
Spns2/S1P: it takes two to tango with inflammation and metabolic rewiring during sepsis
Authors: Vanderhaeghen Tineke , Vandewalle Jolien , Libert Claude
Published: June 2023

Sepsis is the result of a dysregulated host response to an infection and causes high morbidity and mortality at the intensive care units worldwide. Despite intensive research, the current management of sepsis is supportive rather than curative. Therefore, new therapeutic interventions for sepsis and septic shock patients are urgently needed. In this issue of EMBO Reports, Fang et al have used rat sepsis models to show that macrophage‐expressed SPNS2, a major transporter of S1P, is a crucial mediator of metabolic reprogramming of macrophages during sepsis which regulates inflammation via the lactate‐ROS axis.