bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMO OS NOVOS RESULTADOS DE SIMULAÇÃO DA FORMAÇÃO DA LUA AFETAM A PROBABILIDADE DE SURGIMENTO DE VIDA EM PLANETAS ASSEMELHADOS À TERRA
Authors: Faria Roberto
Published: April 2024

HOW THE NEW SIMULATION RESULTS FOR THE MOON FORMATION AFFECT THE PROBABILITY OF LIFE IN PLANETS SIMILAR TO EARTH. In the most recent simulations on the formation of the Moon by the collision of a protoplanet, approximately the size of Mars, called Theia, with the proto-Earth, 4.5 billion years ago, it is observed that the remains of Theia are deposited on the proto-Earth. This explains the presence of significant quantities of heavy elements in the Earth’s crust, such as the transition elements of the first series (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) and Mo, essential for life. This very special collision shaped the structure and, mainly, the chemical constitution of the Earth’s crust, allowing the development of highly evolved life forms that would not have formed without this availability. As we observe the heat waves that are causing severe damage today in various parts of the world, the awareness that life on Earth was produced by a cosmic condition with a very low probability of occurring in other planetary systems constitutes a new argument in favor of all actions aimed at stopping global warming. All of us, all of humanity, need to sacrifice our way of life to preserve life on our planet, which is a much more special place than previously assumed.
Amidines: The Main Discoveries in the Synthesis and Anti-Leishmanial Effects of New Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Rodrigues-Santos Cláudio , de Brito Maurício , Echevarria Aurea
Published: April 2024

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus and affects more than 90 countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The first treatment for these diseases involves pentavalent antimonial derivatives, which are very toxic and cause severe side effects. The other chemotherapeutic drugs used as second-line agents include different organic compound classes, such as pentamidine, which also cause severe side effects. Thus, new, safer, and efficient antileishmaniasis agents are urgently needed to control and treat these diseases. This mini review, which considered the last two decades of related research, highlighted the principal synthetic methodologies used to access amidine derivatives, focusing on more eco-friendly methods. Furthermore, the results obtained from evaluations of the anti-Leishmania activity and several molecular targets of the amidine derivatives are highlighted.
Occurrence and detection of pharmaceuticals in wastewater and its subsequent treatment using constructed wetlands, bioelectrochemical systems and their combination
Authors: Jain Mahak , Majumder Abhradeep , Mandal Pubali , Singh Shalini , Ghosal Partha Sarathi , Yadav Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2024

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) are pervasive in aqueous environments, and their presence poses an ever-increasing threat to aquatic creatures and all associated living forms. Most PhACs are extremely hydrophilic and have a complicated molecular structure, preventing them from being destroyed by traditional wastewater treatment methods. In addition, these contaminants are present at such a low concentration that their detection poses a significant challenge. Researchers have utilized advanced oxidation processes to degrade these chemicals over time. However, most studies have been conducted on the lab scale and do not function well for real wastewater since many interfering substances are present. In addition, these techniques are expensive and result in the production of harmful byproducts. To combat the PhACs, it is vital to develop a sustainable economic strategy. This book chapter discusses the occurrence of PhACs in wastewater, their potential environmental impacts, and the necessary procedures for accurately quantifying these compounds. The book addresses the possibilities of biological systems, such as constructed wetlands (CW) and bioelectrochemical systems (BES), in the hunt for a sustainable method of eliminating PhACs. CWs have been selected because they are robust systems with several simultaneous removal mechanisms. BES have also demonstrated considerable potential for treating these substances in wastewater and producing bioelectricity. In addition, the chapter discusses an emerging technology, that is, hybrid CW–BES systems, which utilize the benefits of both CW and BES and may prove to be an efficient approach to treating wastewater, removing PhACs, and generating electricity simultaneously.
Fate and behaviour of pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater
Authors: Bakshi Akanksha , Latwal Megha , Sonali  , Sharma Nitika , Sharma Anamika , Katnoria Jatinder Kaur , Nagpal Avinash Kaur
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are being used by almost every section of society and are classified as ‘emerging pollutants’ due to their adverse effects on human and environmental health. They consist of different chemical compounds, hormones, and human and veterinarian prescription drugs. These are discharged into wastewater and find their way to aquatic ecosystems and even drinking water. A rising environmental problem is the presence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products in sources of drinking and surface water. These substances have been identified in samples of surface water, groundwater and even drinking water in quantities ranging from parts-per-trillion (ng/L) to parts-per-billion (μg/L). Traditional sewage treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can get rid of common pollutants like pathogens, nutrients, and organic matter but they fail to remove PPCPs which causes them to be released into the aquatic environment. Individual PPCPs can be successfully removed using a variety of treatment methods, such as membrane filtering, granular activated carbon, and advanced oxidation procedures. The use of a membrane bioreactor might also be an attractive means for dealing with pharmaceuticals. Due to their negative impacts on the ecosystem, information on their fate and interaction is essential for their management. Therefore, the present study focuses on the sources, types, effects, monitoring and suitable removal techniques for different PPCPs.
A review of occurrence of emerging contaminants and the advanced analytical techniques used for detection and removal of these pollutants in wastewater
Authors: Sihlahla Masixole , Mngadi Sihle
Published: April 2024

This chapter focuses on reviewing the literature that provides reliable and quantitative information on emerging contaminants (ECs) in wastewater, focusing on their occurrence, detection and removal efficiency using advanced analytical techniques. In addition, providing knowledge on areas of ECs that are non-regulated since the environmental legislations and policies are being developed. Some of the classes of ECs include pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials, herbicides, personal care products and microplastics and many more. ECs have been identified as an environmental problem globally and are a result of different compounds ranging from inorganic to organic compounds which are released into the environment. ECs are commonly found in aquatic environments and the main source of ECs are municipal wastewater, domestic discharge, hospital effluents, industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off. The presence of ECs poses health problems and ecological impacts associated with them. The elevated concentration of ECs in wastewater has necessitated a need to research their varying detection techniques and different ways of removal. Water contamination by ECs is also attributed to an increase in urbanization, industrialization and agricultural activities. Current wastewater treatment plants are inefficient in the removal of ECs as they were not initially designed for the treatment and removal of ECs, these may result in the transformation of EC products that are undetected and unregulated. These products exhibit similar toxicity as their parental ECs, while some of the ECs have been recognized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Due to new ECs being introduced, there is a gap in knowledge of their detection and treatment techniques for their removal, thus demonstrating a need for integrated analytical approaches that compliments the screening and removal of target and non-targeted ECs with biological assays. Development advancement of analytical techniques has enabled the detection, identification and treatment of ECs in trace concentration (mg to ng/L), and the development and advancement of hybrid treatment systems are emerging promising treatment solutions. The use of nanomaterials and phytoremediation approaches are new approaches widely studied as a good potential process for remediating the ECs in wastewater.
Can stormwater runoff measurements be used for weather radar rainfall adjustment?
Authors: Nielsen Janni Mosekær , Rasmussen Michael Robdrup , Thorndahl Søren , Ahm Malte Kristian Skovby , Nielsen Jesper Ellerbæk
Published: April 2024

Predicting the response to rainfall in urban hydrological applications requires accurate precipitation estimates with a high spatiotemporal resolution to reflect the natural variability of rainfall. However, installing rain gauges under nearly ideal measurement conditions is often difficult in urban areas, if not impossible. This paper demonstrates the potential of deriving rainfall measurements in urban areas and bias-adjusting weather radar rainfall measurements using stormwater runoff measurements. As a supplement to point rainfall measurements from rain gauges, the developed bias adjustment approach uses catchment runoff-rainfall estimates derived from water level measurements of a stormwater detention pond. The study shows that the bias-adjusted radar product correlates highly with rain gauge measurements in the catchment. Moreover, the presented approach enables rainfall measurements within a catchment independent of rain gauges located in the catchment, making the technique highly applicable for increasing the density of ground observations and thus improving weather radar precipitation estimates over urban areas. The method also derives the catchment-specific runoff coefficient independently of expensive flow measurements in the catchment, making the method very scalable. This paper highlights the potential of using easily achievable catchment runoff-rainfall measurements to increase the density of available ground observations and thereby improve weather radar precipitation estimates.
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater from a shared septic system and sub-sewershed sites to expand COVID-19 disease surveillance
Authors: Pasha A. B. Tanvir , Kotlarz Nadine , Holcomb David , Reckling Stacie , Kays Judith , Bailey Erika , Guidry Virginia , Christensen Ariel , Berkowitz Steven , Engel Lawrence S. , de los Reyes Francis , Harris Angela
Published: April 2024

Wastewater-based epidemiology has expanded as a tool for collecting COVID-19 surveillance data, but there is limited information on the feasibility of this form of surveillance within decentralized wastewater systems (e.g., septic systems). This study assessed SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater samples from a septic system servicing a mobile home park (66 households) and from two pumping stations serving a similarly sized (71 households) and a larger (1,000 households) neighborhood within a nearby sewershed over 35 weeks in 2020. Also, raw wastewater from a hospital in the same sewershed was sampled. The mobile home park samples had the highest detection frequency (39/39 days) and mean concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (2.7 × 107 gene copies/person/day for the N1) among the four sampling sites. N1 gene and N2 gene copies were highly correlated across mobile home park samples (Pearson's r = 0.93, p < 0.0001). In the larger neighborhood, new COVID-19 cases were reported every week during the sampling period; however, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 12% of the corresponding wastewater samples. The results of this study suggest that sampling from decentralized wastewater infrastructure can be used for continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
Authors: Barnard K.
Published: April 2024

Original publication: Barnard C.N. The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S. Afr. Med. J. 1967;41(48):1271-4. The article translated into Russian with the official permission of South African Medical Association. The list of references has been reproduced exactly as it originally appeared. Translated by Vasily I. Kaleda, vasily.kaleda@gmail.com; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-873X
Heart transplantation. Issues of clinic and theory
Authors: Burakovsky V. , Frolova M. , Falkovsky G.
Published: April 2024

We reproduce the introduction from monograph by Vladimir I. Burakovsky, Maria A. Frolova, George E. Falkovsky “Heart transplantation. Issues of clinic and theory”. We are grateful to George E. Falkovsky for the permission to do this. The paper was originally published in 1977.
The key is to move forward
Authors: Karaskov A.
Published: April 2024

An interview with editor-in-chief Alexander M. Karaskov.
Arrythmologist is a multidisciplinary specialty
Authors: Revishvili A.
Published: April 2024

An interview with Amiran Sh. Revishvili, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Prof., Academician, Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Moscow
Well-timed disgnostics of patients is the priority of Russian Health Care Service
Authors: Pokrovsky A.
Published: April 2024

An interwiev with Anatoly V. Pokrovsky, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Prof., Academician, Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, Moscow
The Journal's metrics in Russian Science Citation Index in 2013–2017
Authors: Article Editorial
Published: April 2024

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Thank you to our reviewers 2018
Authors: Article Editorial
Published: April 2024

In Russ.
Phonological processes triggered by means of verbs conjugation
Authors: Simon Chipanda
Published: April 2024

This study explores the complex relationship between phonological processes and verb extensions, focusing on the concept of word elasticity which describes the transformations words undergo based on linguistic contexts. Anchored in the Generative Phonology Theory, which postulates a transition from underlying representation to surface structure, the research aims to understand the phonological outcomes stemming from verb extension morphology, particularly in Bantu languages. Employing a qualitative approach through a documentary systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and academic articles across diverse languages, findings reveal multiple phonological processes, such as elision, assimilation, and palatalization, demonstrating the dynamic shifts induced by verb conjugations. The study concludes that understanding the interplay between morphology and phonology is fundamental, emphasizing the transformative nature of verb extensions in shaping phonological processes across languages.
Compassionate Love for a Romantic Partner among Brazilian College Students
Authors: Neto Félix , Neto Joana
Published: April 2024

Compassionate love (CL) is a recent subject of close relationships. CL is focused on enlarging beneficence to another. The present study approaches the test of the psychometric characteristics of the shortened form of the Compassionate Love Scale for a partner (CLS-P-SF) for Brazilian college students and its relationships with background and well-being variables. The sample included 217 young adults, 46.1% women and 53.9% men. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the single latent factor of the CLS-P-SF is good and has satisfactory reliability. Subsequent analysis indicated that religious involvement and love status impacted the CLS-P-SF scores. CLS-P-SF scores were significantly related to the measurement of eros and agape love styles, commitment, life satisfaction, love satisfaction, and romantic loneliness. Satisfaction with love life mediated the relationship of CL for a partner and romantic loneliness. Current findings give an insight into the mechanism underlying the relation of CL with romantic loneliness.
Research on the Integration of English and American Literature in English Education in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Ren XueTing
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to study the integration of English and American literature in English education in colleges and universities. With the development of globalization, English has become an important tool for international communication, so the quality and effect of English education in colleges and universities are crucial to the comprehensive quality cultivation of students. As an important part of English teaching, English and American literature is of great significance in improving students' language ability, cultural awareness and critical thinking ability. This paper will study the theoretical basis, teaching method and evaluation system of English and American literature in English education in colleges and universities, aiming to provide certain reference and reference for the reform of English education in colleges and universities.
Research on Innovation and Practice of English Speaking Teaching in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Ren XueTing
Published: April 2024

With the deep development of globalization, the status of English as a global language is becoming more and more important. In this context, the innovation and practice of English speaking teaching is especially crucial. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current situation, existing problems and the path of innovation and practice of English speaking teaching in the context of globalization, with a view to providing theoretical support and practical reference for improving the quality of English speaking teaching.
RAPID ON-SITE EVALUATION AND MICRONUCLEUS SCORING IN BREAST LESIONS FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOPATHOLOGY BY NEW IAC YOKOHAMA SYSTEM OF REPORTING
Authors: SAMRITI GOYAL  , MOHANVIR KAUR  , KANWARDEEP KAUR  , ROMMEL SINGH MOHI
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to report all fine needle aspiration cytopathology (FNAC) cases of lump breast as per New Yokohama classification 2016, to highlight the importance of rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) in breast cytology at the time of FNAC, and to assess the relationship between micronucleus (MN) scoring and various breast lesions in cytology.
Methods: The study was conducted on 70 patients with breast lumps in the Department of Pathology in Government Medical College, Patiala, and comprised evaluation of ROSE and MN scoring in breast FNAC by the use of New Yokohama system of reporting.
Results: On ROSE, 11 out of 70 patients were categorized under category I according to the Yokohama system of reporting and on the same sitting with repeat FNAC after performing the ROSE; nine cases were upgraded for cytological reporting and two remained in category I. According to as per the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system of reporting (2016) cases were categorized as category I – 2 (2.9%), category II – 46 (65.7%), category III – 7 (10.1%), category IV – 5 (7.1%), and category V – 10 (14.2%). In MN scoring, MN with the highest score of 14–17/1000 epithelial cells was in category V (malignant), and the lowest score was 0–1/1000 epithelial cells in category II (benign).
Conclusion: ROSE is an easy, safe, and cost-effective method. IAC Yokohama system for reporting (2016) provides a comprehensive way of categorizing various breast lesions on FNAC with clinical correlation. MN score is a good biomarker in differentiating benign, atypical, and malignant breast lesions.
ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PORTIERIA HORNEMANNII (LYNGBYE) P. C. SILVA IN MANDAPAM, RAMANADHAPURAM, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: ATHI LAKSHMI S  , JOHN PETER PAUL J
Published: April 2024

Objective: The present study intends to detect the analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Portieria hornemannii collected from Mandapam, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methods: Diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg) was the standard. The analgesic activity of P. hornemannii was predicted on intact rats by tail flick latency in the Tail Immersion Method. The various concentrations of the ethanolic extracts were used as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, considering the body weight of mice. The control group received a typical saline solution.
Results: The present study shows that the doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of mice) of the ethanolic extracts of P. hornemannii have brought out the analgesic activity.
Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that the ethanolic extracts of P. hornemannii Silva at 400 mg/kg showed more effect than the 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RAPID ISOCRATIC RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PARACETAMOL, CAFFEINE, AND PROPYPHENAZONE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: JADHAV SAYALI , BHOIR GAYATRI , Jain Vandana
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective is to develop a novel, rapid, simple, precise, accurate, and reproducible RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, caffeine, and propyphenazone in bulk and a pharmaceutical dosage form.
Method: Optimized chromatographic conditions were used for isocratic elution with Shimadzu C18 (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm), methanol, and 20mM phosphate buffer (60:40, v/v, pH 2.5) as mobile phase, flow rate 1.2 mL/min, and UV detector at λ max 272 nm. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness, and solution stability as per the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Result: It was discovered that the retention time for paracetamol, caffeine, and propyphenazone was found to be 2.6 min, 3.0 min, and 7.5 min. The method proved to be rapid, simple, linear (R2>0.999), precise {relative standard deviation (RSD<2.0%)}, accurate (recovery 98–102%), sensitive, and robust.
Conclusion: The proposed novel isocratic RP-HPLC method was found to be rapid (short run time of 10 min), highly selective, accurate, and sensitive. The method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of paracetamol, caffeine, and propyphenazone in a pharmaceutical formulation.
A CORRELATION STUDY OF BLOOD HBA1C WITH FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE
Authors: KUMAR PANKAJ , NAGDEOTE ABHAY NILKANTH , GUPTA PARUL , JADHAO AVINASH N
Published: April 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between raised blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a gold standard test for the assessment of glycemic control. Serial monitoring of HbA1C in diabetes mellitus helps in the prevention of microvascular and macrovascular complications.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the laboratory reports of 397 patients who visited the hospital for various reasons. There were 195 males and 202 females in the study group. We evaluated the correlation between HbA1c and two indicators of glycemic control: fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG).
Results: Both FBG and PPBG showed a significant positive correlation with HbA1c. However, PPBG had a stronger correlation with HbA1c than FBG. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r) was 0.610 (p<0.05) for FBG and HbA1c and 0.683 (p<0.05) for PPBG and HbA1c.
Conclusions: PPBG was a better predictor of HbA1c than FBG. PPBG may be an alternative marker of HbA1c for the management and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
PERINEAL PAIN AND DISCOMFORT: A STRANGE PHENOMENON FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: SINDHU CB  , P ABDUL ASLAM , GEORGE SANDHYA
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of perineal discomfort, to assess the type of perineal discomfort, and to determine the time frame in which the discomfort started and persisted following IV administration of Dexamethasone in patients in the wards of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 235 inpatients of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala receiving IV Dexamethasone. Study setting was in-patient wards of Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala. The study duration was 6 months from the date of IEC approval.
Results: Out of the 235 patients enrolled to the study, 126 (55.6%) were male and 109 (44.4%) were female. The mean age of the patients enrolled was 55.85±16.657. About 63 (26.8%) patients developed abnormal discomfort or symptoms following IV Dexamethasone injection. Patients presented the symptoms mainly over perineal area, perianal area, and lower abdomen. About 50 (79.4%) presented with symptoms in perineal area. All the 63 (100%) patients who experienced the symptoms had sudden and spontaneous onset of symptoms while administering the injection and the duration of the symptoms varied from few seconds to 5 min. There was no significant relationship between gender and dosage with appearance of symptoms.
Conclusion: In clinical practice, health-care professionals should be aware of such transient symptoms of perineal irritation and pruritus followed by IV Dexamethasone. Even though the exact mechanism is not known, this should be kept in mind and proper dilution and slow administration of the dexamethasone should be done to reduce such symptoms.
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF DEXAMETHASONE TO ROPIVACAINE ON POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN ULTRASOUND-GUIDED TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK FOR ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL HERNIA REPAIR
Authors: GARHWAL POOJA , PARASHAR SHOBHA , MITHARWAL SANWAR MAL , VIJAY POOJA
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the adjuvant effect of dexamethasone to Ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided transverse abdominal plan block for anterior abdominal wall hernia repair.
Methods: A single-blind randomized control trial was conducted by selecting patients undergoing anterior abdominal wall hernia and dividing them into two groups with Group A: received a total of 50 mL of 0.2% Ropivacaine (48 mL) with normal saline (2 mL) and Group B received a total 50 mL of 0.2% Ropivacaine (48 mL) with 8 mg dexamethasone (2 mL). Outcome was assessed on the basis of visual analog scale (VAS), the requirement of rescue analgesia, and adverse events.
Results: Twenty-seven patients were recruited in each group, Group A and Group B had an average pain-free interval of 11.85±2.82 and 8.07±2.51, respectively (p<0.001). Mean VAS was lower in Group B at the end of 2 h (p<0.05). Both the groups had similar side effects with no significant difference. Total analgesia dose required in Groups B and A was 75 and 96 mg, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: A combination of 0.2% Ropivacaine (48 mL) with 8 mg dexamethasone (2 mL) significantly reduces the VAS in post-operative pain along with reduced quantity and frequency of rescue analgesia.
LUNG FUNCTION INDICES IN MALE WOODWORKERS AND HEALTHY WORKERS IN CENTRAL INDIA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: PRAVIN SAINIKRAO GOWARDIPE  , MOHAMMAD SHAHID USMAN  , DURAIN FATIMA
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The objectives of the study were comparison of lung function indices in woodworkers and age, height, and weight-matched healthy workers other than woodworkers and comparison of lung function indices among woodworkers about the duration of exposure.
Methods: A comparative study of spirometry was performed on 60 male woodworkers from the Lakadganj area of Nagpur city and 60 males of age, height, and weight-matched healthy workers other than woodworkers aged from 25 to 40 years. The study was performed in the laboratory of the Physiology Department, IGGMC Nagpur from January 2012 to September 2013. The Institute Ethics Committee approved the present study and it was completed in IGGMC Nagpur. Data collection from each individual was performed using a health history questionnaire, estimation of height (cm) with roll ruler wall mounted roll ruler wall mounted stature meter, weight (kg) with weight measuring device, and well-calibrated Spirometry device Physiopac Windows-based computerized Polygraph. Age, height, weight, body mass index, and lung function indices forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow25-75% (FEF25-75%), FEV1/FVC, and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were included in the present study. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, unpaired t-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Comparison of FVC, FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate, FEF25-75%, FEV1/FVC (p<0.001), and MVV (p<0.05) shows statistical significance between woodworkers and healthy workers. A negative correlation was found between FVC and all groups (Group A [−0.28], Group B [−0.33], and Group C [−0.46]). A negative correlation was found for FEV1 in Group A (−0.08), and Group B (−0.20). A positive correlation was found for FEV1 in Group C (0.14). FEF25-75% showed a negative correlation in Group I (−0.03), and Group III (−0.19).
Conclusion: FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, FEV1/FVC, and MVV decreased significantly in woodworkers as compared to age, height, and weight-matched healthy workers other than saw-mill workers. There was a significant decrease in FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% as the duration of exposure increased but had no significant effect on FEV1/FVC and MVV.
PREVALENCE OF FLUOROQUINOLONES RESISTANCE AMONG ESBL-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLES
Authors: Ranjan Kumar Sharma  , Nitin Gupta  , Gurpreet Banga  , Aditi Minhas  , Rosy Bala  , Harit Kumar
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Resistance among uropathogens has emerged as a growing concern necessitating re-evaluation of the efficacy of recommended empiric antimicrobial regimens. Misuse and overuse of various antibacterial agents in hospitals is a key cause of the emergence of anti-microbial resistance.

Aims: To identify the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from urine specimens and to know the prevalence of Fluoroquinolone resistance among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates.

Material and method: The study was conducted on 500 E. coli isolates from urine samples received in the Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. The organism isolation and identification were done as per the standard procedures and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done following CLSI guidelines. All the strains were screened out for ESBL production as per CLSI guidelines. Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Ofloxacin discs were used for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Results: Out of the total 500 E. Coli isolates from urine samples received in our laboratory, 69% were found to be ESBL producers.

Conclusion: We found a high level of quinolone resistance among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with UTI. Because of the widespread use of fluoroquinolones in our country, there is a need for sensitive antibiotic stewardship.  Further research is needed to ascertain the gravity of quinolone resistance and to swiftly act against its spread among other nosocomial pathogens.
A Study on the Fintech Penetration in Rural Karnataka
Authors: Hegde Mr. Sunil R.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the financial services sector, financial technology, or Fintech, has become a disruptive force, especially when it comes to expanding financial inclusion. In order to comprehend the degree of acceptance, the effect on financial inclusion, and the difficulties encountered, this paper presents a study on the penetration of Fintech services in rural Karnataka, India. The study uses a mixed-methods approach to collect data from important stakeholders, non-users, and Fintech users. The methods include surveys, interviews, and case studies.
Design and Fabrication of 3D-Printed Robotic Arm by Using Stepper Motor
Authors: Reddy V. Madhu Smitha , Reddy Y. Naveen kumar , Manideep R. , Kumar K. Siva , Srivastav U. , Kalpana M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Main technology of this proposed work was to design and fabrication of pick and place robotic arm by 3d-printing technology. The robot arm will be designed with four degree of freedom and programmed to accomplish accurately simple light material pick and place task to assist in the production line in any industry. ARDUNO an open-source computer hardware and software is applied to control robot arm by driving four servo motors to be capable to modify the position wireless control was done by using a Smartphone with android operating system through a Bluetooth module. The robotic arm Working and its performance in execution of pick and place task should be analyzed
Frygten for krig breder sig overalt i Verdenssamfundet
Authors: Melander Preben
Published: April 2024

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Kommende artikler
Authors: Melander Preben
Published: April 2024

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Use of Signaling in Family Medicine Residency Interviewing
Authors: Irwin Gretchen , Nilsen Kari , Rohrberg Tessa , Nilsen Kari , Moore Miranda A.
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: Although signals have been used in the residency application process by other specialties, family medicine residency directors have not previously participated. With applicant signal information available for the first time in the 2023–2024 application cycle, the current study describes family medicine residency program directors’ intended use of signals and provides benchmarking descriptive data that may help inform best practices and future studies.
Methods: A total of 691 of the 745 family medicine program directors in US family medicine residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were surveyed. We used ꭓ2 and Pearson correlation analyses to examine how program directors of family medicine residency programs intended to use signaling and their perceived impact of signaling on the residency interviewing process.
Results: Most program directors indicated that applicant signals would assist them in deciding who to invite for an interview and would be a positive factor in a holistic review process. However, program directors also noted that rotation experience or geographic ties would be more powerful inducements to interview or rank a specific candidate. Program directors did not indicate a belief that signals would decrease interview season stress or workload.
Conclusions: Signals may play an important role in the residency application process for family medicine in 2023–2024. While signals are not anticipated to decrease application workload or stress, a signal may be an important mechanism for a specific applicant to distinguish themselves with a program.
ANALISIS PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU USAHA SAMBAL BAWANG PADA USAHA KECIL MENENGAH SAL-HAN DI KOTA PALU
Authors: Ariawan I Made , Sulaeman Sulaeman , Akbar Ali
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk : 1) Mengetahui jumlah pembelian bahan baku bawang yang ekonomis (EOQ) pada IKM Sal-Han, 2) Mengetahui berapa banyak persediaan pengaman (Safety stock) pada IKM Sal-Han, 3) Mengetahui waktu yang tepat bagi UKM Sal-Han untuk melakukan pemesanan kembali (ROP). Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data skunder. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah Economi Order Quantity (EOQ).

Total biaya persediaan, persediaan pengaman dan titik pemesanan kembali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah pembelian ekonomis bahan baku Bawang dengan menggunakan metode EOQ, analisis persediaan bahan baku di UKM Sal-Han pada periode produksi Januari sampai Desember tahun 2022, dengan rata-rata sebesar 37,92 Kg. Persediaan pengaman (safety stock) ratarata yang harus selalu tersedia di gudang UKM Sal-Han adalah sebesar 4 Kg. Titik pemesanan

kembali bahan baku Bawang yang harus dilakukan oleh UKM Sal-Han pada periode produksi Januari sampai Desember 2022 dalam gudang penyimpanan dengan rata-rata sebesar 22,96 Kg.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI JAGUNG HIBRIDA DI DESA LAMBARA KECAMATAN TANAMBULAVA KABUPATEN SIGI
Authors: Siska Siska , Antara Made , Alamsyar Al
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapatan usahatani jagung hibrida di Desa Lambara Kecamatan Tanambulava Kabupaten Sigi. Penelitian ini dilaksankan pada Bulan Januari sampai Juli 2023. Responden dalam penelitian ini ialah petani jagung hibrida di Desa Lambara Kecamatan tanambulava Kabupaten Sigi. Penentuan Responden ini menggunakan metode acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) dimana dari 110 populasi petani jagung hibrida tersebut diambil 31 orang responden yang dijadikan sampel. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan. Analisis pendapatan adalah suatu hasil yang di dapatkan oleh seseorang setelah melakukan pekerjaan walaupun hasil yang dicapainya masih rendah ataupun sudah cukup tinggi yang nantinya digunakan untuk mencukupi suatu kebutuhan ataupun mengkonsumsi suatu barang dan jasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh petani responden di Desa Lambara sebesar Rp. 5.042.701/1Ha/MT dari hasil selisih rata-rata total penerimaan sebesar Rp.11.179.522/1Ha/MT dengan rata-rata total biaya Rp.6.136.821/1Ha/MT.
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH IKAN JULUNG –JULUNG (Hemirhampus sp) MENJADI IKAN ASAP PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA BUNTO DI DESA TOWALE KECAMATAN BANAWA TENGAH KABUPATEN DONGGALA
Authors: Saputra Andika , Howara Dafina , Erny Erny
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai tambah yang diperoleh dari pengolahan ikan julung-julung (Hemirhampus sp) (bahasa daerah ikan roa) menjadi ikan asap pada Industri Rumah Tangga Bunto. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive), yakni Industri Rumah Tangga Bunto. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu pimpinan dan 2 orang karyawan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah nilai tambah metode tarigan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa pengolahan ikan Julung-julung menjadi ikan asap pada Industri Rumah Tangga Bunto memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp 3.633.668,4 dan memberikan nilai tambah bruto yaitu total dari pendapatan, penyusutan, dan pajak tak langsung sebesar Rp 6.250.000 Nilai tambah netto yaitu selisih antara nilai tambah bruto dan penyusutan sebesar Rp 6.111.334,4 dan nilai tambah per bahan baku yang digunakan yaitu pembagian antara nilai tambah netto dan jumlah bahan baku sebesar Rp 17.460,95 /kg, sehingga nilai tersebut merupakan besarnya rupiah yang didapatkan dalam 1 kg penggunan bahan baku ikan Julung-julung.
A new critical plane criterion with a material-dependent exponent to account for high mean stress effect
Authors: Abasolo Mikel , Pallares-Santasmartas Luis , Eizmendi Martin
Published: April 2024

Mean stress effect remains as a critical aspect in multiaxial fatigue
analysis. This work presents a new criterion which, based on classical
Findley criterion, applies a material-dependent exponent to the mean
normal stress term and includes the ultimate tensile stress as a fitting
parameter. The criterion has been checked against an extended version of
the Papuga database of multiaxial experimental tests with 485 results,
and compared with the criteria by Findley, Robert and Papuga. The new
criterion provides outstanding results for pure uniaxial cases, with
multiaxial performance similar to Robert criterion with a smaller range
of error and a conservative trend. These features enhance the
applicability and versatility of the criterion for its use in fatigue
design of structural components.
On the role of antibody affinity in the IgE mediated allergic response
Authors: Starchenka Sviatlana , Bachmann Martin , Krenger Pascal S. , Mohsen Mona , Kramer Matthias , Whitehead Piers , Vogel Monique , Heath Matthew
Published: April 2024

Type I hypersensitivity, also known as classical allergy, is mediated
via allergen-specific IgE antibodies bound to type I FcR (FcεRI) on the
surface of mast cells and basophils upon cross-linking by allergens.
This IgE-mediated cellular activation may be blocked by
allergen-specific IgG through multiple mechanisms, including direct
neutralization of the allergen or engagement of the inhibitory receptor
FcγRIIb which blocks IgE signal transduction. In addition, co-engagement
of FcεRI and FcγRIIb by IgE-IgG-allergen immune-complexes causes
down-regulation of receptor bound IgE, resulting in desensitization of
the cells. Both, activation of FcεRI by allergen-specific IgE and
engagement of FcγRIIb by allergen-specific IgG are driven by
allergen-binding. Here we delineate the distinct roles of antibody
affinity versus avidity in driving these processes and discuss the role
of IgG subclasses in inhibiting basophil and mast cell activation.
Model-Informed Drug Approach to Recommend Therapeutic Burosumab Dosing Regimens for Pediatric and Adult Patients with Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Hruska Matthew , Sid-Otmane Lamia , Gosselin Nathalie , Quattrocchi Emilia , Lee Sun Ku , Mascelli Mary Ann , Mehta Krina , Beur Suzanne Jan de , Marsteller Douglas
Published: April 2024

Aim: Burosumab is approved for the treatment of X-linked
hypophosphatemia (XLH) and hypophosphatemia secondary to persistent
tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). The relationship between burosumab and
fasting serum phosphate levels were previously described in patients
with XLH. This work evaluated burosumab pharmacokinetic (PK) and
PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) in the TIO population to support TIO dosing.
Methods: Previously developed PK and PK/PD models in XLH were fitted to
the combined dataset of patients with XLH and TIO to understand PK and
PK/PD characteristics and covariates specific to TIO. Simulations of PK
and PK/PD profiles were performed using the final models to support
dosing recommendations for adult and pediatric patients with TIO.
Results: Burosumab PK and PK/PD models were similar to those previously
described in XLH, with additional covariates identified in TIO: baseline
FGF23 on PK/PD parameters, and steeped PK/PD curve in TIO. Simulations
demonstrated that in pediatric patients starting doses of burosumab 0.3
mg/kg and 0.4 mg/kg Q2W at steady state would achieve normal serum
phosphate levels in at least 30% of patients with relatively low risk
of hyperphosphatemia (<3% of patients), while in adults,
burosumab 0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg Q4W achieves similar percentages of
responders and relative low risk of hyperphosphatemia (<7%)
Titration based burosumab dosing increased the probability of achieving
normal serum phosphate levels. Conclusions: This analysis identified the
predictors and quantified the relationship between burosumab serum
concentrations and fasting serum phosphate levels amongst patients with
TIO. The models supported titration based burosumab dosing, guided by
monitoring fasting serum phosphate levels.
Role of Clouds in the Urban Heat Island and Extreme Heat: Houston-Galveston metropolitan area case.
Authors: Mejia John F. , Heano Juan J. , Eslami Ebrahim
Published: April 2024

The study and simulation of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Heat Index
(HI) effects in the Houston-Galveston metropolitan area demand special
attention, particularly in considering moist processes aloft. During the
warm season, the afternoon sea breeze phenomenon in this coastal city
acts as a natural air conditioner for city residents, facilitating the
dispersion of moisture, heat, and pollutants. To delve into the
intricate relationships among urbanization, clouds, and land-sea
interactions, we conducted cloud- and urban-resolving simulations at a
900 m grid resolution. Results show that urbanization correlates with
the presence of shallow cumulus clouds, higher cloud bases, and
increased cloud duration over the Galveston-Houston region compared to
rural areas. These urban clouds benefit from the enhanced sensible heat
and dynamic drag imparted by the urban landscape, thereby intensifying
vertical mixing and moisture flux convergence. This dynamic interplay
uplifts heat and moisture convergence, contributing to the enhancement
of moist static energy that sustains the additional urban convection.
Interestingly, our findings suggest that urbanization augments the mean
HI while mitigating its afternoon high. An urban circulation dome
emerges, overpowering the influence of land-sea circulations. Contrary
to expectations, urbanization doesn’t seem to promote a stronger sea
breeze that would favor moist and cooler air mass advection to the city.
Instead, the influence of urbanization on cloud enhancement emerges as a
crucial pathway responsible for reducing the afternoon HI values.
Moreover, uncertainties in SSTs are closely linked to the sensitivities
of land-sea circulations, which in turn modulate UHI and extreme heat
indicators.
Exploring a data-driven approach to identify regions of change associated with future climate scenarios
Authors: Labe Zachary M. , Delworth Thomas L. , Johnson Nathaniel , Cooke William F.
Published: April 2024

A key consideration for evaluating climate projections is uncertainty in
radiative forcing scenarios. Although it is straightforward to monitor
greenhouse gas concentrations and compare those observations with
specified climate scenarios, it remains less obvious on how to connect
regional climate patterns with these scenarios in real time. Here we
introduce a machine learning approach for linking patterns of climate
change with radiative forcing scenarios and use an attribution method to
understand how these linkages are made. We train a neural network using
output from the SPEAR Large Ensemble to classify whether temperature or
precipitation maps are most likely to originate from one of several
potential radiative forcing scenarios. The neural network learns to
identify “fingerprint” patterns that associate signals of climate
change with the scenarios. We illustrate this using output from
additional mitigation experiments and highlight regions that are
critical for associating the new simulations with likely radiative
forcing scenarios.
Streamflow monitoring at high temporal resolution based on non-contact instruments in a river prone to bathymetric shifts
Authors: Nord Guillaume , Safdar Suffiyan , Hasanyar Masihullah , Eze Kingsley Obinna , Biron Romain , Freche Guilhem , Denis Herve , Legout Cedric , Hauet Alexandre , Esteves Michel
Published: April 2024

This study presents a reliable methodology for monitoring streamflow in
a dynamic river of the Alps prone to bathymetric changes using
non-contact instruments. The method relies on water level and surface
velocity radar monitoring, discharge measurements by Large-Scale
Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV), and topographic surveys. A single
proportional relation, resistant to bathymetric changes, is established
between maximum surface velocity (Vs,max) and bulk velocity (Umean).
Different methods are used to build this relation: (i) an empirical
approach calibrated with the LSPIV measurements; (ii) the Isovel model;
(iii) the Q-Commander software developed by the Sommer company. The
applicability of the method is tested over a 2.5-year dataset. Compared
to the empirical approach, both models, which require minimal input
data, predict well the Vs,max-Umean relation. The location of the
maximum surface velocity, which reveals to be resistant to bathymetric
changes, is also well predicted by these models. Discharge is calculated
at a time step of 10 min by multiplying the bulk velocity and the wetted
area. The results are compared to the discharge series at the historical
station located 2.5 km further upstream, which has a stage-discharge
rating curve. Good agreement is observed when surface velocity is above
0.7 m/s, but accuracy decreases for lower velocities. A simplified
uncertainty analysis estimates a 20% relative error on discharge
calculated with the presented method.