bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agency Induces Visual Anticipation Shift
Authors: Le Besnerais Alexis , Ndiaye Ousmane , Saint-Bauzel Ludovic , Berberian Bruno , GRYNSZPAN Ouriel
Published: January 2025

The sense of agency refers to the experience of authorship and control over self-generated actions and their effects. It is believed to be tightly linked to cerebral processes predicting the sensory consequences of action. Furthermore, predictions are considered central to the formation of percepts. Yet, the influence of the sense of agency on perception remains poorly understood. The present study sought to investigate the effect of agency on visual anticipation through the lens of Representational Momentum (RM). RM refers to the automatic anticipation movement. For instance, when viewing a moving object that suddenly disappears, one will memorize its vanishing position further in the direction of its motion than it really was. Participants viewed a moving target launched 1) by a voluntary movement of their finger, 2) by a non-voluntary movement applied to their finger by a mechatronic lever, or 3) by an external source with no movement on their part. Visual anticipation increased as a function of participants’ involvement in causing the target’s movement, from none to non-voluntary to voluntary action. This finding supports the hypothesis that the sense of agency, alongside proprioceptive inputs, significantly influences visual anticipation, thus suggesting a profound interplay between agency and visual perception. These results underscore the potential of RM as a novel measure of the sense of agency.
Heart over Mind: Unravelling Motivated Reasoning in an Unprecedented Socio-Political Context
Authors: Trucharte Almudena , Valiente Carmen , Vazquez Carmelo , Martinez Anton P. , Contreras Alba , Peinado Vanesa , Espinosa Regina , Bentall Richard
Published: January 2025

Motivated reasoning, by which individuals evaluate information in a biased way to support desired conclusions, is a widespread phenomenon and has primarily been investigated with ideological beliefs. However, the socio-psychological factors influencing opinion change during motivated reasoning tasks have received less attention. We explored motivated reasoning about policies in Spain, focusing on the socio-political climate influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, A nationally representative sample of 1,329 participants was recruited and categorized into right-wing and left-wing political orientations. Psychometric instruments were utilized to assess psychological and social predictors, such as authoritarianism and psychological states characterized by a subjective perception of economic threat and anxiety about the pandemic. Motivated reasoning was evaluated using an online experimental task, in which participants were shown statements by politicians that were inconsistent with their ideologies and then exculpatory information that explained the inconsistencies. Right-wing and left-wing participants exhibited motivated reasoning in the evaluation of the statements. However, attitudinal change following exculpatory information varied in response to participants' political orientation and other psychological variables, with left-wing participants showing greater flexibility. Higher authoritarianism and subjective perceptions of economic threat were associated with lower attitudinal change in response to both right- and left-wing statements. In contrast, greater analytical thinking skills were linked to higher attitudinal change, particularly about right-wing statements. Our findings underscore the importance of considering ideological, emotional and cognitive aspects in public information campaigns designed to reduce polarization and promote openness to new information during crises.
Linee guida per la comunicazione e la progettazione di prodotti sostenibili
Authors: Mastria Serena , DeCesarei Andrea
Published: January 2025

Nel contesto della promozione di un modello di consumo e produzione responsabili, il principale obiettivo delle presenti linee guida è quello di fornire indicazioni generali e spunti di riflessione per la progettazione e comunicazione di prodotti sostenibili, che possano potenzialmente essere utili nel guidare le strategie di sostenibilità di un’impresa. Sulla base di conoscenze e risultati che derivano da ricerche e sperimentazioni svolte nell’ambito di un progetto triennale finanziato dal Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON), è stato possibile sviluppare alcune raccomandazioni e proposte su: a) come aumentare la consapevolezza delle persone verso le problematiche ambientali e sensibilizzarle verso uno stile di vita responsabile, b) alcune modalità per attirare l’attenzione del consumatore affinché una effettiva azione sostenibile si verifichi, e c) come educare alla sostenibilità e mettere in moto un processo di comprensione profonda delle questioni ambientali. Seguendo queste linee guida, sarebbe auspicabile che i prodotti sostenibili non siano soltanto realizzati con processi che rispettino l'ambiente, ma anche concepiti e promossi in accordo con le percezioni e i bisogni dei potenziali clienti.
(In-)Feasibility of Using Trial Registers Instead of Journal Articles for Meta-Analyses in Psychology
Authors: Thiele Christian , von Brachel Ruth , Hirschfeld Gerrit
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Posting results to clinical trial registers is encouraged and even mandatory for certain trials. This study assessed the feasibility of using structured results data on trial registries over journal articles for meta-analyses using two exemplary approaches. Methods: In study one, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov for studies employing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and extracted posted results. We evaluated whether the data was sufficient for a meta-analysis. In study two, we selected a published meta-analysis on digital interventions for depression, extracted all registrations of the primary sources, and assessed if the meta-analysis could be reproduced using posted results.Results: We identified 179 completed studies on CBT for MDD from ClinicalTrials.gov for study one. 16 of 179 studies have posted results and 15 have reported depression outcomes, making use of various psychological scales, such as the BDI-II. This low number of posted results and the heterogeneity of reported scales made running a meta-analysis infeasible. Using 83 primary sources of a published meta-analysis in study two, we obtained 59 registrations. Only three studies have posted results, all of which to ClinicalTrials.gov. Again, this made running or reproducing the meta-analysis infeasible.Conclusion: The potential for clinical trial registries to support meta-analyses is substantial, yet few studies on psychotherapy post their results. Core results of clinical trials should be openly available in a timely manner and in a structured format. Currently, it seems that the posting of results data is so uncommon that running meta-analyses using structured results data from trial registries is practically impossible.
Literature Review in Humanities and Social Sciences
Authors: Sharma Shrad
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Achievements and Challenges of Non Banking Financial Institutions in Resource Mobilization
Authors: Silwal Uma Kant
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Does Technology Follow the Cash Holders only? Role of Credit Market Participation in Using Fertilizer by Farmers
Authors: Adhikari Dadhi
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Udaya Raj
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Trend and Pattern of Public Expenditures in Nepal
Authors: Karna Sohan Kumar
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Political Instability and Growth in Nepal
Authors: Aisen Ari
Published: January 2025

Available with full text.
Assessing the Effects of Microfinance Services on Women's Empowerment in Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Bharat Ram , Tripathi Sushma , Chapagain Ramkrishna , Pokhrel Om Prakash , Saud Hari Singh , Bhandari Bishnu Prasad
Published: January 2025

The subject of empowering women has become a significant issue in developing countries like Nepal. Microfinance substantially enhances women's capacity to make decisions by including them in economic activities. This research study examines the impact of microfinance services on women's empowerment. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional field survey of 150 women microfinance clients who have been taking microcredit services for at least three years. The convenient sampling technique was used to select the microfinance clients and data was collected through structured questionnaires. This study finds four explanatory variables microcredit, establishment of microbusiness, saving habit, and financial literacy have significant impact on empowering women. The study also reveals that microfinance can empower women individually, economically, and socio-politically through microcredit, micro-business, financial literacy, and savings programmes. microfinance services are an effective strategy to uplift the empowerment level of MFI clients. The regulatory authority and policymakers may promote women's empowerment through targeted microfinance interventions and capacity-building initiatives.
Exploring Secondary Level Students' Participation in English Classroom in Nepal: A Literature Review
Authors: Upadhyay Mathura Prasad
Published: January 2025

This literature review delves into the dynamics of classroom participation among secondary level students' in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings within Nepal. Traditional teaching methods often foster passive learning, impeding both engagement and comprehension. Thus, this study aims to explore the factors and strategies for fostering active participation, crucial for academic performance and the development of social and extracurricular skills among secondary level students. Understanding the dearth of research in this area, the study investigates strategies to bolster classroom engagement, particularly emphasizing, Socio-cultural theory, motivational theory, critical pedagogy theory, peer interactions alongside explicit instruction. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative methodology, employing library research methods as its primary approach. Qualitative analysis unravels the multifaceted nature of participation, advocating for inclusive and supportive classroom environments. It underscores the necessity for teachers to adapt their approaches to accommodate diverse student backgrounds, thereby fostering active engagement. The findings include collaborative learning experience, integration of language learning strategies, creating a supportive classroom environment and embracing a multidimensional approach in leaning process. By accentuating socio-cultural factors and classroom dynamics, this study enriches pedagogical practices and motivates English language learners to participate actively. In conclusion, the research contributes significantly to the understanding and enhancement of classroom participation dynamics in EFL settings, ultimately facilitating more effective and motivating language learning experiences for learners.
Biotic Resistance and Fluctuating Resources: Key Factors for Invasion Success?
Authors: Pathak Hom N
Published: January 2025

To explain the process of biological invasion, several hypotheses have been put forward e.g. enemy release hypothesis, invasional meltdown hypothesis, novel weapon hypothesis, fluctuation resources hypothesis, biotic resistant hypothesis, etc. I collected the abstracts from search engines on the internet. I searched for biotic resistance and fluctuation resources hypotheses, collected 25 research papers, and reviewed them. Out of nine studies written for the biotic resistance hypothesis, five were in support and the other five were against the hypothesis. However, there seems only evidence against the fluctuation resources hypothesis. For it, I found four articles in support of this hypothesis. Any hypothesis alone cannot explain the causes behind the invasion's success. Therefore, I have an opinion to establish a combined theory for it.
Evolution and Impact of Irrigation Laws and Policies in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Janak Raj
Published: January 2025

Nepal is mainly a mountainous country and has limited arable land. On the contrary, the annual water availability is much enough to provide year-round irrigation. Historically, Kathmandu valley was attributed for the network of irrigation systems supporting advanced and intensive agriculture activities in the past. At present, the federal structure allocates the responsibility of managing water resources to all three tiers of government on the basis of the size of projects. The National Irrigation Policy is to guide irrigation development in the country. It outlines governments plan for the irrigation sector and the strategies for attaining irrigation development objectives. Government of Nepal has made the Irrigation Rules, 2056 (2000) Irrigation (First Amendment) Rules, 2060 (2004). Irrigation policy, 2070 has envisaged providing sustainable and year-round irrigation service to all the agricultural land of the country to help increase agricultural productivity. The Government of Nepal has shared numerous treaties, negotiations and bilateral meeting minutes in the public domain. A number of bilateral, trilateral, and regional efforts are ongoing to foster cooperation and streamline concerted efforts. The bilateral cooperation mechanisms are through joint committees at various levels.
The Nexus between Mobile Game Usage and Student Academic Performance of Management Students at the University Level in Kathmandu
Authors: Luitel Peshal , Neupane Bharat Prasad
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationship between online gaming frequency and academic performance among university-level students in Kathmandu Valley. With the growing use of mobile phones and digital technology, students increasingly socialize through online platforms, including mobile games. Using a descriptive and causal research design, data were collected from 300 MBA, BBA, and BBS students through a purposive sampling technique and analyzed using statistical tools like correlation and regression. The findings reveal that while the impact of online gaming frequency on academic performance is minor, it varies by gender. The study recommends awareness programs for students, parents, and teachers to understand the positive and negative impacts of online gaming. Teachers are encouraged to incorporate educational games to enhance critical thinking and analytical skills. Future research should explore additional factors affecting academic performance with a larger, more diverse sample size for deeper insights.
L’intelligence artificielle dans la terminologie (française) – ses propriétés « d’humanisation »
Authors: Magakian Grair
Published: January 2025

Pour l’analyse de la question du titre, j’ai adopté un chemin de recherche un peu « simple » – c’est comme si je redécouvrais 3 notions fondamentales dans le domaine de l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) : terme, artificialité et intelligence.L’article tente de développer des plans conceptuels à la fois dans l’image linguistique du monde de la terminologie de l’IA et dans leur présence dans le monde extralinguistique (pourquoi le terme passe-t-il fréquemment de « scientifique » à « existence quotidienne », comment et/ou pourquoi le terme perd-il son « étrangeté » linguistique etc ?).Les conclusions de l’étude indiquent que « l’humanisation » de l’IA se produit beaucoup plus rapidement qu’on pourrait le penser.
La conceptualisation métaphorique dans les proverbes
Authors: Wu Jingyao
Published: January 2025

Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en évidence le fait que les langues reflètent différentes représentations du monde et que la diversité linguistique entraîne une diversité de visions, permettant ainsi des comparaisons entre leurs traits communs et distinctifs. Il se concentre sur les langues française et chinoise, utilisant les proverbes comme exemple de cette dualité entre sagesse universelle et particularité locale. Les parémiologues identifient souvent la métaphore comme un critère clé de cette forme d’expression. Si la métaphore est traditionnellement et dans la plupart des cas étudiée comme une figure de style, elle constitue également une expression d’une vision du monde, intégrant à la fois des aspects intellectuels, spirituels et de l’expérience quotidienne. Le concept de métaphore conceptuelle, popularisé dans les années 1980, nécessite une systématicité empirique pour être pertinent, révélant ainsi des stéréotypes socio-anthropologiques. L’hypothèse avancée dans cet article est que ces métaphores conceptuelles, par leur présence dans un type d’énoncé doté d’une ample circulation - les proverbes, peuvent révéler un mode de pensée et un outil d’argumentation propres à une communauté spécifique ou de portée universelle.
L’anti-exhaustivité comme fonction linguistique
Authors: Pamies Antonio
Published: January 2025

De même que le lexique peut désigner certaines entités en distinguant leur totalité de leurs parties, la grammaire permet d'actualiser une catégorie sémantique dans le discours en affirmant, présupposant ou niant l'existence d'autres instances de celle-ci, en dehors de celles mentionnées dans l'énoncé. Nous proposons une analyse contrastive de cette fonction générale, que nous appelons l'anti-exhaustivité, dans une approche onomasiologique qui inclut à la fois son expression littérale et figurée, et ses implicatures pragmatiques.
Les traits linguistiques qui remplissent cette fonction sont variés et peuvent changer d'une langue à l'autre, mais il existe des relations typologiques cohérentes entre le partifif des langues finno-ougriennes occidentales et le basque, avec des correspondances assez stables avec le génitif et l'aspect verbal baltes et slaves, l'article partitif français et italien, l'article zéro des langues ibéro-romanes et les classificateurs du chinois mandarin.
Modelling wellbeing during public health interventions for respiratory epidemics
Authors: Brooks Joe
Published: January 2025

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including lockdown measures, by governments around the world has been informed by mathematical modelling. Broadly, these models look to gauge how well NPIs control disease transmission. Here we present a model that not only forecasts the effectiveness of NPIs in restricting contacts but also assesses their influence on the mental wellbeing of affected populations. Our model is informed by data from the United Kingdom Time Use Survey, 2014-2015. This survey recorded the time participants spent in different social settings as well as self-reported enjoyment in these settings, allowing us to augment a quantitative model of social contact behaviour with associated wellbeing estimates. We use this model to assess the effectiveness of NPIs aimed at reducing social contacts in different settings and estimate their impact on population-level wellbeing. Our findings indicate that workplace closures represent the most effective intervention for slowing disease spread, while NPIs targeting other contact locations have comparatively limited impacts on transmission. Our model suggests that workplace closures not only effectively reduce infections but also have a relatively modest effect on population wellbeing levels.
Gastronationalism in Cornwall
Authors: Bye Reuben
Published: January 2025

Discussions of gastronationalism have largely focused on nationalist politics at the state level, especially in the realm of European integration and Americanisation. This paper, therefore, explores how gastronationalism is manifested at the subnational level by asking the question ‘What role does food play in the construction of Cornish national identity vis-à-vis England?’ This paper first reviews the literature around gastronationalism to explore how the concept has developed. It shall raise the example of Cornwall as having much in common with previous case studies of gastronationalism in how heritage foods are protected in a politics concerned with homogenisation. A contrast will then be drawn between the generally discussed contexts, with the strong economic incentives to develop an inclusive food culture as part of a national brand that appeals to tourists in Cornwall, which also contributes to the ‘lived brand’ of Cornwall. To investigate this question, a thematic and qualitative content analysis of local tourist boards’ promotional content is conducted in comparison to other English counties. Finally, it shall conclude that gastronationalism is conceptually relevant to the Cornish context, but the specific nature of cultural revivalism suggests the concept should be expanded to better account for subnational gastronationalist efforts.
Rethinking the EU’s Deforestation Regulation: A Fairer Approach to Palm Oil in the Global South
Authors: Gunalan Abirrami
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the debate on the European Union’s Deforestation Regulation on the Palm Oil Industry. While most of the existing literature focuses on the implications of the regulation on the Global South, I explore whether the EU is obligated to revise the regulation on moral terms. In addressing this question, I argue that the European Union has a moral obligation to revise the deforestation regulation or find an alternative way of promoting sustainable agri-food production. The justification is in line with the theory of ‘global distributive justice’, where the benefits and burdens of the policy should be fairly distributed, taking into account the nation’s capabilities and historical contributions to the problem.
To What Extent Were There Attempts to Securitise the Malaysian Chicken Export Ban In Singapore? A Comparative Analysis of Frames Between Government and News Media
Authors: Huan Zhi Kai Lucas
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on exploring the securitisation of the Malaysian chicken export ban that took effect on 1 June 2022. The effects of the chicken export ban seemingly went beyond the economics of food, and expanded into the realm of national identity, as the de facto national dish of Singapore got compromised. As food and national identity is intricately linked to societal security and a key part of securitisation theory, this research paper seeks to explore the extent to which the chicken export ban was securitised. Through the use of a frame analysis, three different categories of news media were analysed: governmental media, local news media and foreign news media. The analysis showed that the foreign news media had attempted securitisation, but the local news media and governmental media refrained from securitisation, and rather engaged in a prognostic framing to reframe the chicken export ban into a proactive management of the situation which desecuritised the ban.
Conceptions of Freedom in the Regulation of Junk Food and Tobacco
Authors: Knoth Daniel
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the regulatory disparities between the junk food and tobacco industries in the UK, focusing on the underlying conceptions of freedom that shape public policy. While both industries contribute significantly to public health challenges, tobacco is subject to far stricter regulations. Through an analysis of parliamentary debates within the House of Commons, the paper explores the application of positive and negative freedom in discussions of junk food and tobacco. I find that the presence of addiction in tobacco discourse is used to apply a positive conception of freedom, leading to more stringent regulations. Conversely, junk food discussions emphasise individual choice, aligning with a negative conception of freedom and resulting in softer regulatory approaches. This paper argues that these differing narratives on freedom contribute to the observed regulatory differences and suggests that emphasising the addictive nature of junk food could shift regulatory perspectives.
Are Private Brands Morally Inferior to National Brands?
Authors: Oliver I Ribé Albert
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the moral distinctions between private brands (or private labels) and national brands within the context of economic, sustainability and innovation impacts. Private brands, owned and controlled by retailers, increasingly dominate the market, raising ethical concerns. Key areas of analysis include economic effects on consumers and producers, sustainability practices and the ethical implications of innovation and image copying. The findings suggest that private brands are morally inferior to national brands due to their detrimental impact on sustainability and innovation. The paper concludes with proposed political interventions aimed at mitigating these ethical issues, highlighting the need for more stringent regulations to ensure fair practices and enhance sustainability within the industry.
Legal Provisions for Wife's Right to Live After Divorce in the Pasuruan Religious Court
Authors: Supaat Joko , Muhibbin Moh , Suratman Suratman
Published: January 2025

This research goes in-depth into aspects of determining the amount of maintenance, factors that influence court decisions, and legal considerations that are the basis for determining maintenance rights. In the context of the Pasuruan Religious Court, this research also explores legal practices and the court's views on cases of wives' maintenance rights after divorce. Religious Courts are a form of application of Islamic law in the law enforcement system in Indonesia, as intended by Law No. 7 of 1989 concerning Religious Courts, which was later amended by Law No. 3 of 2006 and last amended by Law No. 50 of 2009. This research is a type of empirical juridical research. The approach used in this research is a sociological-legal approach, with the data in the form of primary and secondary data. The writing technique is carried out using interviews and document studies, while the data analysis is qualitative and descriptive. From the results of the research, it was found that enforcement of the wife support law at the Pasuruan Religious Court has been made as much as possible by implementing the orders of the Law and Regulations of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. This is for the sake of upholding justice for wives whose husbands divorced. However, there is still a legal loophole that can be used by the husband to avoid paying his wife's maintenance, which has been imposed in the court decision. Even though many legal instruments have been created to protect and ensure women's rights are fulfilled, in practice, there is still a lot of neglect of women's rights.
Mekanisme Self Report Perpres No. 57 Tahun 2023 dengan Kewajiban Negara Memenuhi Hak Bekerja
Authors: Irgiansyah Krisna , Sella Rahma Maulida  , Freidelino P. R. A. de Sousa
Published: January 2025

The objective of this article is to examine the relationship between the right of citizens to employment and the state's obligation to fulfil that right. In this context, it is necessary to consider the role of the state as an active agent in ensuring the realisation of this right. Furthermore, it seeks to justify the incompatibility of implementing the self-report mechanism in relation to the state's obligation to fulfil citizens' right to employment. The issue can be defined as a conceptual inaccuracy in the implementation of a theoretical framework for the fulfilment of human rights. This theoretical framework should, in theory, oblige the state to fulfil the rights of every citizen as set out in the constitution. Nevertheless, the state appears to be abdicating its responsibilities by delegating them to employers. This article employs a normative juridical approach with a statutory methodology. Data are collected through literature studies that are pertinent and current, and which inform the qualitative analysis of the material to be reviewed. This study finds that the self-report mechanism set forth in Article 4, paragraph (2) of Presidential Regulation No. 57 of 2023 is incompatible with the state's obligation to fulfill the right to work. This is because the mechanism makes the state passive in carrying out its obligations. It is incumbent upon the government to take proactive measures to fulfil its obligations regarding citizens' rights to employment, as enshrined in Article 27, paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 38, paragraph (1) of Law No. 39 of 1999.
Coaching the Government Employee with Work Agreements: A Dignified Justice Perspective
Authors: Firmansyah Jaka , Disantara Fradhana Putra , Ishwara Ade Sathya Sanathana
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation and identify the development of Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) after the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning State Civil Apparatus from the perspective of the theory of dignified justice. This normative legal research uses a legislative and conceptual approach, with primary and secondary legal sources, collected through literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study explain that after the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning State Civil Apparatus, the development of PPPK has caused various problems, namely unequal perceptions, budget constraints, and the quality of training that still needs to be improved. When this is associated with the theory of dignified justice, this theory encourages ethics and morality as the basis for every aspect of the development, management, and development of PPPK; therefore, by respecting individual dignity, providing equal opportunities, encouraging transparency, and building a positive organizational culture, organizations can ensure that employee development is not only effective, but also fair and dignified. The theory of dignified justice emphasizes that every individual has dignity that must be respected, carrying out performance on an ethical and moral basis that underlies professional behavior. The implementation of these principles will contribute to better employee development and the overall improvement of the quality of public services.
Kritik Terhadap Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Dengan Mekanisme Restorative Justice
Authors: Natalia Christina Lintang , Ardian Riswanda
Published: January 2025

The research aims to show that murder cases should not be resolved by deviating from Criminal Procedure Law or using non-formal legal mechanisms. The focus of this issue is on KOMNAS HAM Number: 22/HM.00/IV/2023, where a murder case was settled through a non-formal legal mechanism. Ideally, this murder case should have been resolved through the Criminal Procedure process and other applicable internal regulations of law enforcement agencies. This article uses normative research methods that examine document studies using secondary data such as laws and regulations. Specifically, this research will address the contradiction between what should be and what is (das sollen and das sein). Das sollen refers to the general legal provisions or normative realities. Murder is a criminal offense that results in the loss of a person's life. As a regular crime (delik biasa), the legal process against the suspect must continue. This creates a conflict in a case that occurred in Wamena, Papua, on February 23, 2023, where a murder committed by law enforcement officers was resolved through a non-formal legal mechanism, which also involved human rights violations.
Perlindungan Hukum Hak Para Anak Terduga Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencabulan dan/atau Persetubuhan Dalam Proses Penyidikan
Authors: Naldo Rony Andre Christian , Pasaribu Muldri Pudamo James , Hutasoit Arianto Suhardhiman
Published: January 2025

This research aims to examine the rights of children suspected of committing crimes of sexual abuse and/or sexual intercourse. Children's rights are part of human rights, which must be guaranteed, protected and fulfilled. In the event that the investigation process is carried out, the Police as a part of the Government agency, are obliged to guarantee, protect and fulfill the various rights of these children, as stipulated in Article 3 of Law Number 11 of 2012. The problem is focused on the implementation of legal protection of the rights of children. children suspected of committing criminal acts of sexual immorality and/or sexual intercourse in the process of being investigated by the Police. In order to approach this problem, a theoretical reference from Satjipto Rahardjo is used. Data was collected through primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials, and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the legal protection of the rights of children suspected of committing crimes of sexual abuse and/or sexual intercourse during the investigation process at the Police has not been fully implemented. This is because there is no infrastructure in the form of a special detention room for children suspected of committing criminal acts.
Correct Replacement of Calcified Hydrophilic Intraocular Lens Lentis M+ LS-313 MF30. A Case
Authors: Otrošinová Marianna , Novák Jan , Krásnik Vladimír
Published: January 2025

The aim of the thesis is to present the case of a patient in whom bilateral calcification of the hydrophilic intraocular lens (IOL) Lentis M+
LS-313 MF30 (Oculentis) has developed. Due to the negative effect on visual functions, explantation and replacement of the artificial lens was necessary in both eyes.
Case Report: An overview of the available literature summarized the diagnostics, current examination methods and possibilities of the surgical solution of calcification of the bifocal hydrophilic lens Lentis M+ LS-313 MF30 (Oculentis). The specific solution is described in a case report of a patient in whom calcification of both lenses developed 6 years after implantation of the IOL. In 2015, the patient underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery of both eyes with the implantation of an artificial intraocular lens into the capsule. In September 2021,
an 82-year-old man was examined at our outpatient clinic for deterioration of visual acuity and changes in the material of the artificial IOL which were perceptible during a clinical examination, on the recommendation of a local ophthalmologist. Blurred vision predominated. A diagnosis of intraocular lens opacification was confirmed and documented using a Scheimpflug camera (OCULUS Pentacam HR) and anterior OCT (Avanti RTVue XR Optovue,). The patient was indicated for explantation and replacement of the opacified intraocular lens in the left and subsequently in the right eye- The same type of IOL was used for reimplantation with good functional results.
Conclusion: Since 2010, multifocal lens implantation has been on an upward trend worldwide. This type of MF IOL has also been used in thousands of implantations. A number of other explantations can be expected in the coming years. The optimal solution is the correct replacement of the calcified IOL with the same construction made of safer hydrophobic material.
Carcinoma de células escamosas em felino doméstico
Authors: Saracuza Vicente Pereira Izabelle , Nalim Marcia Bandeira
Published: January 2025

The objective of this work was to report a case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) in a female domestic feline, no defined breed, aged 13 years and 7 months. SCC is a malignant skin neoplasm that develops in epithelial cells. Clinical manifestations include alopecia, scaly, erythematous or hyperthichotic lesions, hemorrhage, ulcerations or erosions, affecting the ear, nasal region, lips and eyelids. The diagnosis is obtained through anamnesis and physical, cytopathological and histopathological examination, in addition to the differential diagnosis for sporotrichosis, pemphigus complex and basal cell carcinoma. Treatment is carried out through reconstructive surgery, radiotherapy, cryosurgery, chemotherapy, electrochemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. On August 15, 2023, a feline of no defined breed, female, neutered, 13 years and 7 months old, weighing 2.2 kg and residing in the neighborhood of Vigário Geral, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), was seen at the dermatology department of a specialized veterinary clinic in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro. The main complaint was the presence of a chronic, itchy skin lesion on the face. Upon physical examination, an extensive crusted lesion was observed on the left face, affecting the supraorbital, temporal and parietal regions, as well as the presence of an ulcerated lesion and supraorbital chemosis. A punch biopsy was performed. All crusts were removed, observing granulation tissue, ulcers and bloody exudate below them. After performing a skin biopsy and histopathological examination, the diagnosis of SCC was obtained. 2 weeks after the skin biopsy, the patient was evaluated again and it was found that the affected region already showed the deposition of new crusts, although less thick. The patient´s condition worsened, with edema on the face and progression of the lesion to the cervical region, making swallowing impossible, requiring assisted feeding with a syringe and soft meals. The unfavorable evolution of the patient´s condition made it impossible to implement treatment for SCC, and euthanasia was thus performed. This case demonstrates the importance of establishing the diagnosis quickly and appropriately.
Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Degradasi Popok Sekali Pakai di Kabupaten Jember dengan Metode IPCC Tier 1
Authors: Defriatno Mawan , Herdianto Agung , Ratih Purwandari Anggraini
Published: January 2025

Peningkatan penggunaan popok sekali pakai di Kabupaten Jember dari tahun 2020 hingga 2023 menunjukkan tren peningkatan sejalan dengan bertambahnya populasi bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) yang dihasilkan dari degradasi popok sekali pakai, menggunakan metode IPCC Tier 1. Popok sekali pakai yang dibuang ke tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) berpotensi menghasilkan metana (CH?), salah satu gas dengan dampak pemanasan global yang signifikan. Data populasi bayi dari 31 kecamatan dikombinasikan dengan estimasi jumlah popok yang digunakan setiap tahunnya untuk menghitung emisi GRK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah emisi metana meningkat dari 234.611 ton CO?eq pada tahun 2020 menjadi 271.516 ton CO?eq pada 2023, dengan total emisi kumulatif sebesar 998.222 ton CO?eq selama periode empat tahun. Peningkatan emisi ini disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan populasi bayi dan penggunaan popok sekali pakai yang terus meningkat. Temuan ini menyoroti perlunya pengelolaan sampah yang lebih efektif, termasuk pengembangan teknologi landfill gas recovery dan kampanye penggunaan popok ramah lingkungan, untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dan emisi GRK di Kabupaten Jember
Senyawa Anti Feedant : Mekanisme Kerja dan Perannya sebagai Senyawa Aktif Pestisida
Authors: Zuhro Fatimatuz
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas dan menyajikan materi tentang senyawa anti feeedant, mekanisme kerja, dan perannya sebagai pestisida nabati  secara komprehensif berdasarkan studi referensi dari hasil penelitian  beberapa ilmuwan terdahulu.  Artikel dibuat dengan metode mengumpulkan data dengan cara memahami dan mempelajari teori-teori dari berbagai literatur yang berhubungan dengan senyawa anti feedant. Kemudian, teori-teori dari berbagai referensi tersebut dianalisis secara kritis dan mendalam agar dapat mendukung tujuan yang diharapkan dalam tulisan ini. Hasil analisis dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa senyawa anti feedant sebagian besar diperoleh dari kelompok tanaman, yang mengandung bahan aktif berupa metabolit sekunder, yang jenisnya berbeda-beda, ditentukan oleh jenis dan organ suatu tanaman. Aplikasi senyawa anti feedant pada tanaman akan menghasilkan bau atau aroma yang akan dikenali oleh sel syaraf serangga hama, menghasilkan sinyal yang akan diteruskan ke otak, dan mengakibatkan hama berhenti dari aktivitas memakan tanaman inang. Pengujian aktivitas senyawa anti feedant dapat dilakukan dengan uji pilihan (choice test) atau pun uji tanpa pilihan (no choice test). Dan beberapa hasil penelitian terdahulu telah membuktikan tentang efektivitas senyawa anti feedant yang dikandung oleh beberapa tanaman dalam mengurangi tingkat kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh serangga hama.
Molecular Genetic Determinants of Impaired Lipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
Authors:   Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Mother and Child Protection of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Bashmakova N.V. ,   Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Denisov А.А. ,   Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Mother and Child Protection of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Tretyakova T.B. ,   Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Mother and Child Protection of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Pestryaeva L.A. ,   Ural Scientific and Research Institute of Mother and Child Protection of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Semenov A.Yu. ,   N.V. Sklifosovskiy Clinical Medicine Institute, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the role of lipid metabolism gene polymorphism and changes in the lipid-transporting lipid system in patients with moderate to severe preeclampsia (PE).
Design. Prospective cohort comparative study.
Materials and methods. We analysed results of clinical, anamnestic and laboratory examination of 130 patients with a high risk of PE, following a prenatal diagnostics performed during the first trimester. The patients were divided into three groups: with actual severe PE (group I, n = 53, weeks 23 to 38 of pregnancy); with actual moderate PE (group II, n = 45, weeks 28 to 40 of pregnancy), and without PE (control group, or group III, n = 32, weeks 28 to 40 of pregnancy).
During the clinical examination, somatic and obstetric-gynaecological history was taken, and the present pregnancy was reviewed. A sample for blood biochemistry was drawn upon hospitalisation; the analysis included lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, high, low and very low-density lipoproteins), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, apolipoproteins (АроА, АроВ). Sample genotyping was performed using the realtime polymerase chain reaction with a reagent kit and protocol for genetic polymorphisms.
Results. The results show that the most informative parameters of dyslipidaemia in pregnant women, which are associated with the risk of PE, are high levels of very low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic index of over 3.5 and ApoB/ApoA index of over 0.9.
The presence of allele T of polymorphic locus ApoE rs429358 in homo- or heterozygous state in the genotype increases the risk of PE, while genotype СС of polymorphism ApoE rs429358 has a protective effect against this pathology. Genotype AA of polymorphism rs708272 of gene CETP (G>A) has also a protective effect, while the presence in the genotype of at least one variant of allele G of this locus increases the risk of PE.
Conclusion. The study demonstrates the importance of lipid transport system parameters, especially the ratio of apolipoproteins and various density lipoproteins, as well as polymorphisms ApoE T>C, CETP G>A in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of PE.
Keywords: preeclampsia, lipid transport system, lipoproteins, polymorphism, AроЕ, CETP.
Hyperammonemia and Chronic Heart Failure: the Relationship and Approaches to Solving the Problem
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical University, Gamayunov D.Yu. ,   Irkutsk, Russian Federation,   Irkutsk Municipal Clinical Hospital No 1; Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Kalyagin A.N. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University; Irkutsk, Russian Federation,   Irkutsk Municipal Clinical Hospital No 1; Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Aim. To consider modern views on risk factors and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF), the main causes of hyperammonemia, the clinical and pathogenetic relationship of hyperammonemia and CHF and approaches to patient management.
Key points. CHF is one of the leading cardiovascular problems today. The prevalence of CHF varies from 0.3% in people aged 20–29 years to 70% in people over 90 years old. In the case of progressive HF, it may be necessary to have a heart transplant or long-term mechanical circulatory support, as well as palliative care, which also requires significant costs. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (accounts for about 50% of all CHF cases. An increase in the ammonia content in the blood causes a high probability of developing multiorgan dysfunction. Reference levels of ammonia levels in human blood are not definitively regulated by international documents. The normal values mainly depend on the technique and the reagents used. The formation of hyperammonemia is a multifactorial process. The main causes are liver malfunction. In the structure of all causes of hyperammonemia, the proportion of the liver cirrhosis is about 90%, and non-cirrhotic causes — about 10%. Many mechanisms of non-cirrhotic hyperammonemia have been described. Non-cirrhotic hyperammonemia may be the result of increased pressure in the hepatic veins, which can lead to damage to hepatocytes and an increase in serum ammonia levels. To date, researchers are particularly interested in the development of hyperammonemia against the background of taking anticonvulsants. Under the influence of ammonia, the expression of myostatin increases, which reduces the growth of muscle mass, at the same time, muscle proteolysis is activated. Since the myocardium is a muscle tissue, similar processes in cardiomyocytes are not excluded. It has been proven that patients with HF have higher
ammonia levels than those without it. The use of L-ornithine-L-aspartate is one of the main strategies for the correction of hyperammonemia.
Conclusion. At the moment, there is a need for further study of the combination of CHF and hyperammonemia, the mechanisms of mutual influence, as well as risk factors for the progression of CHF against the background of hyperammonemia and the problem of managing such patients.
Keywords: chronic heart failure, hyperammonemia, hepatic encephalopathy.