bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Parameters of Metal-Halide Perovskites Using Photoluminescence with Bayesian Inference
Authors: Kober-Czerny Manuel , Dasgupta Akash , Seo Seongrok , Rombach Florine M. , McMeekin David P. , Jin Heon , Snaith Henry J.
Published: January 2025

In this work, we demonstrate that time-resolved photoluminescence data of metal halide perovskites can be effectively evaluated by combining Bayesian inference with a Markov-chain Monte-Carlo algorithm and a physical model. This approach enables us to infer a high number of parameters that govern the performance of metal halide perovskite-based devices, alongside the probability distributions of those parameters, as well as correlations among all parameters. Via studying a set of halfstacks, comprising electron- and hole-transport materials contacting perovskite thin films, we determine surface recombination velocities at these interfaces with high precision. From the probability distributions of all inferred parameters, we can simulate intensity-dependent photoluminescence quantum efficiency and compare it to experimental data. Finally, we estimate mobility values for vertical charge-carrier transport, which is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate, for all samples using our approach. Since this mobility estimation is derived from charge-carrier diffusion over the length scale of the film thickness and in the vertical direction, it is highly relevant for transport in photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. Our approach of coupling spectroscopic measurements with advanced computational analysis will help speed up scientific research in the field of optoelectronic materials and devices and exemplifies how carefully constructed computational algorithms can derive valuable plurality of information from simple datasets. We expect that our approach can be expanded to a variety of other analysis techniques and that our method will be applicable to other semiconductors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Gender and risk – do public listing and private ownership bank matter?
Authors: Mukhibad Hasan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to empirically test the influence of board member gender on insolvency risk in a two-tier system.

Design/methodology/approach

This study considers 91 banks operating in Indonesia from 2009 to 2021. It uses a two-step system generalized moment method to analyze the data.

Findings

This study reports that appointing women to the board of commissioners and as directors reduces the insolvency risk. Women’s role in reducing risk is more effective in listed and private-owned banks (POB) than in others.

Practical implications

The presence of women in boardrooms is crucial for improving financial performance and reducing financial distress in banks, particularly listed and POB. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights into board selection and appointment.

Originality/value

The extant literature on the impact of appointing women to boards on bank risk lacks a consensus because of differences in proxies in measuring gender diversity (GD). This paper conducts scenarios using four GD proxies, namely, dummy, percentage of women, Blau index and Shannon index, and two insolvency risk proxies.
Navigating the challenges of fake news and media trust: a bibliometric study
Authors: Dwivedi Vineeta , Sen Kakoli
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Fake News, a disruptive force in the information world, has been extensively researched across various academic domains. This study, however, takes a unique approach by using bibliometric analysis to explore the specific link between fake news and the erosion of media trust. The purpsose of this study is to introduce novel and unexplored research questions that have not been thoroughly investigated, opening up exciting avenues for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough bibliometric analysis was conducted on 480 papers published between 2015 and 2023, using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny software packages. These papers were sourced from the well-known electronic research database, Scopus. The study included cluster analysis, bibliographic coupling, citation analysis, content analysis, keyword analysis and a three-field plot, providing a robust examination of the research landscape.

Findings

The bibliometric content analysis gave eight research clusters in the area. Future research guidelines are proposed, followed by conclusions, limitations and research and management implications. (1) Distrust in media and populism; (2) Social media, conspiracy theories and COVID-19; (3) Fact-checking, misinformation and media dynamics; (4) Fake news, trust and political bias; (5) Polarisation, echo chambers and information bubbles; (6) Political communication and media trust; (7) Media literacy and mass communication; and (8) Disinformation, trust and political consequences.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis reveals gaps in existing literature, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies that explore the nuanced relationships between fake news and media credibility by using interdisciplinary approaches, combining insights from communication theory, psychology and sociology. This analysis can guide scholars in identifying new research directions.

Practical implications

Media organisations can use this knowledge to develop strategies that enhance their credibility and counteract the effects of fake news. Policymakers can design informed regulations to combat misinformation and protect public trust. Educators can integrate these insights into curricula to prepare future journalists and media professionals for the evolving landscape. Tech companies can leverage these findings to mitigate fake news and build media trust.

Social implications

Public trust in media is foundational to democratic societies. Understanding the dynamic of fake news helps recognise broader societal consequences, such as increased polarisation and decreased civic engagement. By addressing the issues, society can work towards restoring faith in the institution of media.

Originality/value

There is a lack of comprehensive research using bibliometric analysis to understand how the rise of fake news has affected the reputation of traditional media. This study makes a significant contribution, using a bibliographic lens to highlight key themes and pave the way for future research.
Antigen Specificity: A Fluctuating Aspect in the Development of Clinical Antibodies?
Authors: Sandeep  , Shinde Suraj H. , Pande Abhay H.
Published: January 2025

Development of antibodies for clinical use is a complex process involving numerous aspects, with antigen specificity being the most important. Initially, polyclonal antibodies, that can recognize multiple specific and nonspecific antigens (polyreactive), were developed and were very effective in the treatments. Later on, the polyspecificity/polyreactivity of these polyclonal antibodies (binding to multiple antigens) raised concerns about therapeutic efficacy because of their nonspecific interactions and challenges, such as development of immune complexes, batch‐to‐batch variability. This highlighted the need for more targeted approaches. It was resolved by the marked invention of hybridoma technology in 1975 which resulted in the revolution in the antibody development field by offering monoclonal monospecific antibodies (bind single antigen). However, their limited application in complex pathologies sparked a paradigm shift, leading to the resurgence of polyspecific antibodies in the form of monoclonal polyspecific antibodies (Polybodies), which bind multiple antigens, but specifically. Till today, 14 Polybodies are approved for clinical use. This fluctuation in antigen specificity is directing the evolution of engineered antibodies that are going to drive the biopharmaceutical sector in the coming years. Through this write‐up, we assert the fluctuating nature of antigen specificity during the antibody development and how it will be crucial for advancing biologics.
Epidemiology of New Psychoactive Substances in Relation to Traditional Drugs of Abuse in Clinical Oral Fluid Samples
Authors: Axelsson Magnus A. B. , Lövgren Hanna , Kronstrand Robert , Green Henrik , Bergström Moa Andresen
Published: January 2025

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are health‐hazardous through unpredictable toxicity and effects and largely unknown epidemiology, motivating studies of the latter.

Up to 138 NPS were retrospectively identified using liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry data from all 34 183 oral fluid drug samples collected in one Swedish health care region 2019–2020 representing 9468 psychiatric and addiction care patients. In total, 618 findings representing 58 NPS were detected in 481 samples from 201 patients. Male gender and age ≥25 years correlated positively with NPS use. Ketamine correlated positively with all NPS classes except cannabinoids; additionally, fentanyl, methadone, tapentadol and clonazepam correlated with multiple NPS classes. More numerous traditional drugs of abuse (DoA) correlated positively with sedative/hypnotic NPS, indicating that these are used in broader patient groups than other NPS. Mitragynine correlated negatively with other NPS in general and with several traditional DoA, but positively with the potential opioid abstinence remedies buprenorphine, loperamide and tapentadol aside from ketamine. In conclusion, NPS use is infrequent but occur also at higher ages, certain traditional DoA and particularly ketamine could have clinical value as NPS use signals, and mitragynine exhibited an atypical NPS consumption pattern indicating significant use as an opioid abstinence remedy.
Survival of Eurasian lynx in the human‐dominated landscape of Europe
Authors: Premier J. , Bastianelli M. L. , Oeser J. , Anders O. , Andren H. , Aronsson M. , Bagrade G. , Belotti E. , Breitenmoser‐Würsten C. , Bufka L. , Černe R. , Červený J. , Drouet‐Hoguet N. , Ďuľa M. , Fuxjäger C. , Herdtfelder M. , Hočevar L. , Jędrzejewski W. , Kont R. , Koubek P. , Kowalczyk R. , Krofel M. , Krojerová‐Prokešová J. , Kubala J. , Kusak J. , Kutal M. , Linnell J. D. C. , Mattisson J. , Middelhoff T. L. , Melovski D. , Molinari‐Jobin A. , Odden J. , Okarma H. , Ornicāns A. , Pagon N. , Persson J. , Schmidt K. , Sindičić M. , Slijepčević V. , Tám B. , Zimmermann F. , Kramer‐Schadt S. , Heurich M.
Published: January 2025

Survival and cause‐specific mortality rates are vital for evidence‐based population forecasting and conservation, particularly for large carnivores, whose populations are often vulnerable to human‐caused mortalities. It is therefore important to know the relationship between anthropogenic and natural mortality causes to evaluate whether they are additive or compensatory. Further, the relation between survival and environmental covariates could reveal whether specific landscape characteristics influence demographic performance. We used telemetry data on 681 Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), a model apex predator with large spatial requirements, that were tracked across their European distribution. Through time‐to‐event analyses, we sought to determine the variables associated with differences in their survival. Illegal killing was the main cause of mortality (33.8%), and mortality rates were similar in protected and hunted populations (8.6% and 7.0% per year, respectively). Survival varied greatly across populations (70–95% per year). Across all study sites, higher hunting and anthropogenic mortality rates were partially compensated by lower rates of other mortality causes but not by natural mortality alone. Variation in survival depended on sex (female survival was 1.5 times greater than male survival) and seasonality (highest risk during hunting season and winter), and lower survival rates were correlated with higher human modification of landscapes at both coarse (home range composition) and fine (habitat use within home range) scales. Some variation in survival was driven by unobserved factors, which, given the high rates of human‐caused mortalities, including illegal killing, are of foremost concern. Due to the low natural mortality rates in protected and hunted populations, we conclude that anthropogenic causes of mortality are likely close to additive, such that maintaining or increasing refuge habitat with little human disturbance is critical to lynx conservation.
Navigating Recent Changes in Dosing Information: Dynamics of FDA‐Approved Monoclonal Antibodies in Post‐Marketing Realities
Authors: Lee Nai , Rhee Su‐jin , Koo Seong Min , Kim So Won , Lee Gyo Eun , Yie Yoon A , Kim Yun
Published: January 2025

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are critical components in the therapeutic landscape, but their dosing strategies often evolve post‐approval as new data emerge. This review evaluates post‐marketing label changes in dosing information for FDA‐approved mAbs from January 2015 to September 2024, with a focus on both initial and extended indications. We systematically analyzed dosing modifications, categorizing them into six predefined groups: Dose increases or decreases, inclusion of new patient populations by body weight or age, shifts from body weight‐based dosing to fixed regimens, and adjustments in infusion rates. Among the 86 mAbs evaluated, 21% (n = 18) exhibited changes in dosing information for the initial indication, with a median time to modification of 37.5 months (range: 5–76 months). Furthermore, for mAbs with extended indications (n = 26), 19.2% (n = 5) underwent dosing changes in their first extensions, with a median time to adjustment of 31 months (range: 8–71 months). Key drivers for these adjustments included optimizing therapeutic efficacy, addressing safety concerns, accommodating special populations, and enhancing patient convenience. We also discuss the role of model‐informed drug development, real‐world evidence, and pharmacogenomics in refining mAb dosing strategies. These insights underscore the importance of ongoing monitoring and data integration in the post‐marketing phase, providing a foundation for future precision medicine approaches in mAb therapy.
Public Involvement to Enhance Care Home Research; Collaboration on a Minimum Data Set for Care Homes
Authors: Killett Anne , Micklewright Kerry , Carroll Rachael , Akdur Gizdem , Allinson Emily , Crellin Liz , de Corte Kaat , Fox Margaret , Hanratty Barbara , Irvine Lisa , Jones Liz , Kelly Marlene , Lloyd Therese , Meyer Julienne , Spilsbury Karen , Towers Ann‐Marie , Tracey Freya , Willmott John , Goodman Claire
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Information on care home residents in England is captured in numerous data sets (care home records, General Practitioner records, community nursing, etc.) but little of this information is currently analysed in a way that is useful for care providers, current or future residents and families or that realises the potential of data to enhance care provision. The DACHA study aimed to develop and test a minimum data set (MDS) which would bring together data that is useful to support and improve care and facilitate research. It is that utility that underscores the importance of meaningful public involvement (PI) with the range of groups of people affected. This paper analyses the involvement of family members of care home residents and care home staff through a PI Panel.

Objectives

The objective for the PI activities was to consistently bring the knowledge and perspectives of family members and care home staff to influence the ongoing design and conduct of the DACHA study.

Methods

The bespoke methods of PI included a dedicated PI team and a PI Panel of public contributors. Meetings were recorded and minutes agreed, resulting actions were tracked and reflections on the PI recorded. A democratic, social relations approach was used to frame the analysis.

Results

A PI panel met 17 times. All meetings included both family members and care home staff. Analysis of the records and reflections developed the following themes about the operation of the PI: deepened understanding of the data environment in care homes; Influence on the pilot MDS; aiming for best research practices with care homes; personal/professional development for PI members; expectations of the project. Learning points for future research projects are developed.

Conclusions

PI shaped the design and conduct of the DACHA study, grounding it in the needs and perspectives of people using and providing social care. Data research has a huge responsibility to accurately incorporate relevant public perspectives. There is an implicit assumption that records and data are objective and ‘speak for themselves’ however there can be unintended consequences from introduction of new data requirements in practice.

Patient or Public Contribution

Public contributors to this manuscript include family members of older people living in care homes and staff of care homes. The wider study also involved as the public, older people living in care homes. Public contributors helped develop the project, contributed throughout the conduct of the study and some chose to be involved in preparing this manuscript.
The Sharing Economy: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Khodayari Maryam , Akbari Morteza , Foroudi Pantea
Published: January 2025

The sharing economy has emerged as a transformative model in the digital age. However, existing reviews often focus on isolated aspects and provide limited insights into its complexity. This paper comprehensively reviews 92 studies through a dual‐framework approach, employing both the Antecedents–Decisions–Outcomes (ADO) and the Theories–Contexts–Methods (TCM) frameworks. The ADO framework reveals key factors influencing user decisions—including adoption, usage, booking, continued use, engagement, participation, purchase, and switching—that are shaped by economic, social, technological, trust‐related, environmental, and political antecedents. Meanwhile, the TCM framework structures an in‐depth examination of dominant theories (e.g., Technology Acceptance Model, Social Exchange Theory), diverse contexts (e.g., studies in China, the US), and methods (e.g., quantitative and qualitative) prevalent in the literature. Key findings emphasize the importance of regulatory dynamics and market shifts on user engagement and platform sustainability. Practical implications offer actionable guidance for platform managers to enhance user retention and to align strategies with evolving regulatory and market environments. The review also identifies future research directions to expand our understanding of global trends and challenges within the sharing economy.
Social Inclusion/Exclusion in Information Systems: A Review and Roadmap for Research
Authors: Tanyel Ilkay Nehir , Windeler Jaime B. , Syn Thant , Ramaprasad Arkalgud
Published: January 2025

Over the past four decades, scholars in information systems (IS) have explored the intricacies of social inclusion/exclusion within IS (SI/E in IS). Despite 40 years of investigation, there remains a notable absence of a systematic analysis of the accumulated knowledge in SI/E within IS research. Addressing this gap, our research aims to organise the literature, identify trends and gaps and propose future research directions for SI/E within IS. Recognising SI/E as an umbrella concept, we employ ontological analysis, offering a comprehensive depiction of the domain's scope, boundaries, key constructs and relationships. We construct an ontology of SI/E within IS and employ it to compare literature from 20 established IS journals with a broader range of publications—from this analysis, we examine 4211 articles and code 897. This analysis unveils potential research avenues and highlights the distinctive focus of IS scholarship in SI/E compared with other fields. The ontology aids in conceptualising the research landscape and guiding future investigations in SI/E in IS.
‘I Don't Think I Have Ever Worked Harder on a Case’: Needs of Canadian Child Protection Workers and Parents With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Tahir Munazza , Cobigo Virginie
Published: January 2025

Background

The current literature has established that prejudice in child protection cases with parents with intellectual disabilities continues to persist. However, complexities of these cases are not well‐understood from the perspective of child protection workers. This study aimed to identify the needs of child protection workers and their views on factors that influence supports for parents with intellectual disabilities.

Method

This qualitative study conducted semistructured interviews with child protection workers who have worked directly with parents with intellectual disabilities across five child protective agencies in three regions in Ontario, Canada (n = 11).

Results

Three major themes emerged after content analysis of interviews: (1) training and support needs of child protection workers; (2) key sources of support for parents; and (3) intersecting factors impacting decision‐making.

Conclusion

Social service agencies continue to be fragmented and better coordination across agencies is needed to meet the cross‐sectoral needs of parents with intellectual disabilities.
A Randomized Clinical Study Investigating the Stain Removal Efficacy of Two Experimental Dentifrices
Authors: Parkinson C. R. , Burnett G. R. , Smith G. , Pradhan M. , Gallob J. , Qaqish J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aims to evaluate extrinsic tooth stain removal and whitening efficacy of two experimental dentifrices containing (i) 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP)/1% micronized alumina or (ii) 5% STP/1% micronized alumina with abrasive silica (ED2) compared to a regular fluoride dentifrice (RFD) following 8 weeks of use.

Materials and Methods

This was a single‐center, randomized, controlled, blind, three‐arm, stratified, parallel‐group study. Eligible participants underwent clinical assessment of stain on the facial/lingual surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth using the modified Lobene stain index (MLSI), and shade of the facial surfaces of the central and lateral maxillary incisors using the VITA Bleachedguide 3D‐Master (VITA) shade guide. Participants brushed twice daily with their assigned dentifrice and returned to the clinic for clinical assessments at weeks 4 and 8.

Results

A total of 272 participants completed the study (281 screened, 279 randomized). Both experimental dentifrices demonstrated statistically significant reduction from baseline and significant differences compared to RFD for MLSI and VITA shade scores at 4 and 8 weeks. 10 treatment‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported in seven participants. All were resolved at the end of the study.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that dentifrices containing 5% STP/1% micronized alumina provide enhanced stain removal and shade improvements compared to a regular dentifrice. Study treatments were generally well tolerated.

Clinical Significance

A low‐abrasion daily‐use fluoride dentifrice containing 1% micronized alumina and 5% STP, suitable for people at risk of erosive toothwear and/or dentin hypersensitivity, can provide clinically meaningful superior reductions in tooth stain, which translates into a visibly noticeable improvement in tooth shade.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy for LGBTQ Youth in a Community Setting: A Community‐Engaged, Qualitative Pilot Study of Youth and Parent Experiences
Authors: Heiden‐Rootes Katie , Linsenmeyer Whitney , Russon Jody , Levy Suzanne , Diamond Guy
Published: January 2025

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) youth who experience family rejection are at increased risk for depression and suicide. Attachment‐Based Family Therapy (ABFT) demonstrates promising results for reducing this risk with LGBTQ youth. This community‐participatory, mixed‐method study piloted the use of ABFT with LGBTQ youth. Fourteen families completed treatment with adolescent youth, pre‐ and post‐individual and family interviews, and a measure of youth mental health. Post‐therapy, 80% of youth showed a significant reduction in psychological distress. The qualitative thematic analysis constructed four themes describing how families present to therapy with emotional distress, caregiver support needed during ABFT, how caregivers acquired new listening and communication skills, and LGBTQ youth experiences of finding freedom to explore and talk about sexual and gender identities. Implications from the study suggest the need to challenge heteronormative emotional structures of families for increasing emotional support of fathers with their LGBTQ children.
Palaces for a New Spain Nobility: Between Creole Identity and Academicism
Authors: Luengo Pedro
Published: January 2025

Mexico City and Havana had a significant number of noble palaces during the eighteenth century. Until now, the dearth of historical documentation on their construction has hampered any approximation, requiring other methodologies. Here, it is intended to establish how a new visual code was defined, consistent both with their local style and international modernity. To this end, a formal analysis has been prepared with statistical tools of both the buildings and the preserved projects, complementing the study with known and unpublished historical documentation. After defining the general context, the analysis of the palace proposals designed by Silvestre Pérez from Madrid for the Count of Buenavista in Havana and for the Marquis del Apartado in Mexico City is addressed. Neither of them were carried out, despite the probable economic viability. This would point to a rejection caused by functional or esthetic issues, which links with the initial analyses. Thus, this study intends not only to offer a more in‐depth overview of the phenomenon but also to reach conclusions that can be extrapolated to other periods.
Business Groups after Incidents of Wrongdoing: Exploring the Effectiveness of Differentiated Versus Aligned Impression Management Tactics
Authors: Hsueh Josh Wei‐Jun , Richards Melanie
Published: January 2025

We use attribution theory to understand how people evaluate a company when another company in the same business network does something wrong. In studying business groups, we find that when one company affiliated with a group commits wrongdoing, the strategies used by other affiliated companies to manage how they are evaluated are only effective when they use tactics that differ from those used by the deviant firm. Specifically, results from three experimental studies suggest that affiliated firms should use differentiated technical and ceremonial impression management tactics to help evaluators distinguish between innocent and deviant companies. Our findings also reveal the conditions for such successful differentiation, demonstrating that it is particularly effective when companies have a history of wrongdoing but can backfire if external stakeholders become aware that these actions are intentionally coordinated. Our findings provide novel insights into the impression management literature by exploring the dynamic interplay between the impression management strategies of connected but noncompeting organizations. We also contribute to the business group literature by revealing the delicacy of coordinating affiliates.
Poorer objective but not subjective driving performance in drivers vulnerable to sleep loss effects during extended wake
Authors: Nguyen Katrina , Dunbar Claire , Guyett Alisha , Bickley Kelsey , Nguyen Duc Phuc , Reynolds Amy C. , Catcheside Peter , Scott Hannah , Hughes Maslin , Adams Robert , Lack Leon , Cori Jennifer , Howard Mark E. , Anderson Clare , Stevens David , Lovato Nicole , Vakulin Andrew
Published: January 2025

Sleepiness‐related errors are a leading cause of driving accidents, requiring drivers to effectively monitor sleepiness levels. However, there are inter‐individual differences in driving performance after sleep loss, with some showing poor driving performance while others show minimal impairment. This research explored if there are differences in self‐reported sleepiness and driving performance in healthy drivers who exhibited vulnerability or resistance to objective driving impairment following extended wakefulness. Thirty‐two adults (female = 18, mean age = 33.0 ± 14.6 years) completed five × 60‐min simulated drives across 29‐hr of extended wakefulness. Subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and subjective driving performance ratings (nine‐point Likert scale) were assessed at 10‐min intervals while driving. Cluster analysis using simulator steering deviation and crash data categorised participants as vulnerable (n = 16) or resistant (n = 16) to driving impairments following extended wakefulness. No differences in self‐ratings between the vulnerable and resistant groups were observed except during the last drive (25 hr awake), where the vulnerable group reported higher sleepiness (p = 0.008) and worse driving performance (p = 0.001) than the resistant group. For each 1‐point increase on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and subjective driving scales, the vulnerable group showed about threefold greater steering impairment relative to resistant drivers. Although self‐reported sleepiness and driving performance were correlated with objective driving performance, vulnerable drivers reported similar sleepiness and driving performance as resistant drivers. Thus, self‐reported sleepiness and driving performance are not reliably sensitive to sleep loss effects on objective driving performance, which may impact the vulnerable driver's decisions to continue driving and delay engagement in countermeasures to reduce crash risk (e.g. napping), warranting further research.
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, DICER1‐mutated, showing histologically unique neuronal differentiation after chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Yamazaki Ayako , Kiyotani Chikako , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Yoshioka Takako , Yokoo Hideaki , Hirato Junko , Nobusawa Sumihito
Published: January 2025

Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs) are rare and highly aggressive embryonal central nervous system tumors that predominantly affect infants younger than 3 years old. These tumors typically have a C19MC alteration (ETMR, C19MC‐altered) or, more rarely, a DICER1 mutation (ETMR, DICER1‐mutated). Post‐chemotherapeutic or post‐chemoradiotherapeutic histological changes of C19MC‐altered ETMRs, such as maturation or loss of histological characteristics of ETMR have been described in several reports. However, histological changes of recurrent DICER1‐mutated ETMRs have not been reported to date. Herein, we report a case of DICER1‐mutated ETMR with unique post‐treatment morphological changes, including both maturation and loss of histological characteristics. Although pathological examination of tissue from the first resection revealed typical ETMR histology, the recurrent tumor after chemoradiotherapy was composed predominantly of a primitive embryonal component without multilayered rosettes or neuropil‐like areas. Furthermore, the recurrent tumor contained a component composed of unique tumor cells with oval eccentric nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm demonstrating a neuronal immunohistohemical phenotype. No mitotic figures were found in the component. Molecular analysis identified a mutation in the DICER1 RNase IIIb domain in the primary tumor and the primitive embryonal component of the recurrent tumor, but not in the unique neuronal area.
Development and feasibility of an echocardiography‐guided tip location program for central venous catheter implantation
Authors: Shen Yan , Li Xin , Zhang Huiyan , Chang Jian , Zhou Xingmei
Published: January 2025

This is a prospective observational study designed to develop an echocardiography‐guided tip location program for central venous catheter (CVC) implantation, and to assess the feasibility and the accuracy of the program. First, a multidisciplinary expert committee designed an echocardiography‐guided tip location program; then, a pilot prospective observational study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the program in a vascular access clinic in a tertiary hospital. A total of 186 patients participated in the study. Successful echocardiography‐guided tip placement was achieved in 172 (92.5%) patients. The accuracy of the program reached 99.4%. The program of echocardiography‐guided tip location is feasible and accurate. Ultrasound images revealed notable discrepancies at various locations, allowing specialized nurses to conduct echocardiography‐guided tip placement during CVC insertion through targeted training and practice.
Paepalanthus roqueae: a new critically endangered Eriocaulaceae in campo rupestre of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Baptista Pereira Almeida Roberto , Andrino Caroline Oliveira , Sauthier Luana Jacinta , Sano Paulo Takeo , Maria Giulietti-Harley Ana
Published: January 2025

Here we describe a new species of Paepalanthus (Eriocaulaceae) from the Chapada Diamantina, in the northern part of the Espinhaço range in Brazil. The study aims to contribute to the knowledge of Eriocaulaceae in this area, which has a significant knowledge gap, and to provide a comparison with other poorly understood species in the region. The new species, named Paepalanthus roqueae, is described in detail, including morphological measurements, illustrations, and distribution maps. Its conservation status is also evaluated using IUCN criteria. This paper emphasizes the importance of botanical research in the high biodiversity area of Chapada Diamantina, to increase the knowledge of poorly understood species and promote conservation efforts.
Using long‐term tree diversity experiments to explore the mechanisms of temporal shifts in forest ecosystem functioning
Authors: Koricheva Julia , Barton Kasey E. , Felix Juri A. , Cooper Amanda , Jensen Joel , Jucker Tommaso , Ruohomäki Kai
Published: January 2025

Plant diversity is known to influence ecosystem functioning, but the strength and direction of this relationship vary considerably among studies, most of which have a short duration. In communities with long‐lived species, such as forests, traits of individual trees change from seedlings to maturity, and the environment in which trees grow also continually changes through stand development and forest succession. We argue that interactions between these individual and community‐level effects over time will alter biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships, likely explaining at least part of the reported variation in BEF effects among studies. We outline a series of mechanisms through which temporal changes at the tree and stand levels can alter BEF relationships and illustrate these processes using data from the long‐term Satakunta forest diversity experiments in Finland. We argue that long‐term forest diversity experiments are essential to robustly characterize temporal dynamics emerging from the complex interplay between plant functional traits and environmental conditions over time. These experiments can provide critical insights for predicting the consequences of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and service provisioning over time.
Enhancing Genetic Diversity and Blast Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Through Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) Mutagenesis
Authors: Abdullah Al Mamun S. M. , Khan Mohammad Ashik Iqbal , Ivy Nasrin Akter , Rahman S. M. Mahbubur , Sultana Mst. Sabiha , Adhikary Sanjoy Kumar , Islam Md. Monirul
Published: January 2025

Plant diseases cause significant losses to food crop production with blast being one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice. Breeding for disease resistance is an effective approach for developing varieties that can withstand such diseases, ultimately contributing to stable yields in rice. Besides hybridization, chemical mutagenesis is a potential method of bringing desirable genetic alteration towards disease resistance in seed propagated crops like rice. Therefore, a study was conducted to generate variants employing ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, evaluate the resulting mutants for variability and identify genotypes resistant to rice blast disease following a completely randomized design (CRD). Seeds of BRRI dhan28 were mutagenized with LD50 (0.108 M) of EMS to develop 100 mutants. The mutants demonstrated notable variation in all traits assessed. The higher level of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was assessed together with high heritability as well as genetic advance in percent of mean for filled grains panicle−1, tillers hill−1, grain and straw yield hill−1 and harvest index. Plant height, panicle length, tillers hill−1, branches panicle−1 and grains panicle−1 showed a statistically significant and positive correlation with grain yield. The cluster analysis grouped the mutants into seven main clusters, and the PCA demonstrated 42.96% of total variation for the first two components. Screening of the mutants against leaf blast disease exhibited variable responses from resistant to highly susceptible. A total of 9 mutants were found as resistant and 35 as moderately resistant against blast disease. Seed mutagenesis with EMS is an effective technique for generating variability towards blast resistance in susceptible rice varieties, and the identified resistant genotypes can serve as valuable resources for further research in improving blast resistance in rice.
In a Different Light: Irradiation‐Induced Cuticular Wax Accumulation Fails to Reduce Cuticular Transpiration
Authors: Herzig Lena , Uellendahl Kora , Malkowsky Yaron , Schreiber Lukas , Grünhofer Paul
Published: January 2025

The cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer impregnated with waxy lipids, serves as the primary interface between plant leaves and their environment and is thus subject to external cues. A previous study on poplar leaves revealed that environmental conditions outdoors promoted the deposition of about 10‐fold more cuticular wax compared to the highly artificial climate of a growth chamber. Given that light was the most significant variable distinguishing the two locations, we hypothesized that the quantity of light might serve as a key driver of foliar wax accumulation. Thus, this study aimed to isolate the factor of light quantity (photosynthetic photon flux density [PPFD]) from other environmental stimuli (such as relative humidity and ambient temperature) and explore its impact on cuticular wax deposition and subsequent rates of residual foliar transpiration in different species. Analytical investigations revealed a significant increase in cuticular wax amount with increasing PPFD (between 50 and 1200 µmol m−2 s−1) in both monocotyledonous (maize and barley) and dicotyledonous (tomato and bean) crop species, without altering the relative lipid composition. Despite the increased wax coverages, rates of foliar water loss did not decrease, further confirming that the residual (cuticular) transpiration is independent of the cuticular wax amount.
Subcutaneous Panniculitis‐Like T‐Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Targetoid Plaque in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Smith Payton L. , Bruffett Phoebe , Zengin Sena , Guram Mavinder , Zoumberos Nicholas A. , Patel Vijay M. , Evans Megan S.
Published: January 2025

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare type of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by subcutaneous nodules, indurated plaques, erythema, and cellular infiltrates in the subcutaneous fat. Biopsies show neoplastic cells expressing cytotoxic T‐cell markers and displaying moderate cytologic atypia while sparing the dermis and epidermis and showing variable degrees of necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammatory changes. We describe a pediatric case of SPTCL in a 6‐year‐old boy, presenting with an unusual targetoid plaque and systemic symptoms, who showed significant improvement on systemic immunosuppressants without chemotherapy. This case underscores the potential for atypical presentations of SPTCL and the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in achieving favorable clinical outcomes, adding to the understanding of SPTCL's clinical diversity and treatment strategies.
From international to cosmopolitan: Democracy as the political path to peace?
Authors: Marinopoulou Anastasia
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present paper is to carry out a comparative study of Immanuel Kant and Jürgen Habermas on democratic governance and citizenship. Both thinkers focus on these two factors but the extent to which these contribute to reinforcing the state and peace has not been investigated by researchers. The present paper questions how cosmopolitanism in comparative and consequential mode: Safeguards peace by presupposing a level of interstate institutional convergence as presented by Kant and Habermas; and Reinforces and innovates democracy on an interstate level not only within the state; and Instead of just safeguarding peace, re‐discovers the political sphere, as presented by Habermas, who on this point develops an array of departures from Kant. The originality of the research derives from the symmetries and asymmetries in Kant and Habermas that extend their arguments on cosmopolitanism to the solidification of democracy and the avoidance of war.
Cognitive impairment caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis is prevented by endurance exercise
Authors: Kelty Taylor J. , Kerr Nathan R. , Chou Chih H. , Shryack Grace E. , Taylor Christopher L. , Krause Alexa A. , Knutson Alexandra R. , Bunten Josh , Childs Tom E. , Meers Grace M. , Dashek Ryan J. , Puchalska Patrycja , Crawford Peter A. , Thyfault John P. , Booth Frank W. , Rector R. Scott
Published: January 2025

Extensive research has demonstrated endurance exercise to be neuroprotective. Whether these neuroprotective benefits are mediated, in part, by hepatic ketone production remains unclear. To investigate the role of hepatic ketone production on brain health during exercise, healthy 6‐month‐old female rats underwent viral knockdown of the rate‐limiting enzyme in the liver that catalyses the first reaction in ketogenesis: 3‐hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2). Rats were then subjected to either a bout of acute exercise or 4 weeks of chronic treadmill running (5 days/week) and cognitive behavioural testing. Acute exercise elevated ketone plasma concentration 1 h following exercise. Hepatic HMGCS2 knockdown, verified by protein expression, reduced ketone plasma concentration 1 h after acute exercise and 48 h after chronic exercise. Proteomic analysis and enrichment of the frontal cortex revealed hepatic HMGCS2 knockdown reduced markers of mitochondrial function 1 h after acute exercise. HMGCS2 knockdown significantly reduced state 3 complex I + II respiration in isolated mitochondria from the frontal cortex after chronic exercise. Spatial memory and protein markers of synaptic plasticity were significantly reduced by HMGCS2 knockdown. These deficiencies were prevented by chronic endurance exercise training. In summary, these are the first data to propose that hepatic ketogenesis is required to maintain cognition and mitochondrial function, irrespective of training status, and that endurance exercise can overcome neuropathology caused by insufficient hepatic ketogenesis. These results establish a mechanistic link between liver and brain health that enhance our understanding of how peripheral tissue metabolism influences brain health.

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Key points

Decades of literature demonstrate endurance exercise to be neuroprotective.

Whether neuroprotective benefits are mediated, in part, by hepatic ketone production remains unclear.

This study provides the first set of data that suggest hepatic ketogenesis is required to maintain cognition, synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial function.

These data indicate endurance exercise can protect against cognitive decline caused by compromised hepatic ketogenesis.

These results establish a mechanistic link between liver and brain function, prompting further investigation of how hepatic metabolism influences brain health.
Ultrasound evaluation of snake bites: recent developments and future directions
Authors: Xu Shipei , Zhu Liwen , Xuan Jiqing
Published: January 2025

Snake bites remain a public health problem worldwide; prompt and effective treatment is crucial in promoting the recovery of patients. Traditionally, physicians assessed patients’ conditions mainly through palpation and laboratory tests, which can be subjective and time-lagging. Conversely, ultrasound can visualize subtle changes in the lesion area and provide insight into tissue perfusion dynamics, making it an effective tool for comprehensive disease assessment. By analyzing recent cases, our study found that ultrasound is highly effective in detecting complications in snakebite patients, including subcutaneous edema, changes in limb hemodynamics, and organ damage. This enables clinicians to have a more comprehensive understanding of snakebite injuries, thereby facilitating precise patient treatment
Secondary ion mass spectrometry relative sensitivity factor of 69Ga in ZnS
Authors: Soufiani Hayat , Klimov Mikhail , Gaume Romain
Published: January 2025

Multispectral zinc sulfide (MS-ZnS) is an important broadband optical material used in various imaging and sensing technologies. To address the challenge of withstanding aerodynamic loads during operational use, surface hardening treatments of MS-ZnS using Ga2S3 have demonstrated effectiveness while preserving optimal optical properties. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is particularly well-suited for analyzing Ga incorporation in the subsurface of post-treated ZnS windows. Herein, we report the determination of the relative sensitivity factor (RSF) for Ga in a ZnS matrix to calibrate Ga concentration profiles. The RSFs of 69Ga in ZnS were obtained from multiple SIMS measurements on three 69Ga-implanted ZnS coupons at doses of 0.5 × 1015, 2.5 × 1015, and 5.1 × 1015 (at. cm−2). We found that the elemental RSF values are 1.78 × 1020 (±17%), 1.76 × 1020 (±21%), and 1.48 × 1020 (±13%) (at.  cm−3), indicating a proportional relationship with the amount of Ga as deduced from standard analysis versus the ratio of 69Ga and 64Zn count rates. These RSF determinations provide a reliable tool for analytical and process optimization purposes.
Target an arbitrary probability of response using weighted staircase procedures
Authors: Hoover Eric C.
Published: January 2025

Threshold estimation procedures are widely used to measure the stimulus level corresponding to a specified probability of response. The weighted up-and-down procedure, familiar to many due to its use in standard pure-tone audiometry, allows the experimenter to target any probability of response by using different ascending and descending step sizes. Unfortunately, thresholds have a signed mean error that made using weighted staircases inadvisable. The current study evaluated a correction to eliminate the error. Monte Carlo simulations of weighted staircases were used to test the effectiveness of the proposed correction for yes-no and forced-choice tasks with Gaussian and log-Weibull psychometric functions. Results showed that the proposed correction was effective over a wide range of step size magnitudes and ratios with a symmetric psychometric function and less effective when there was asymmetry due to the shape of the function or a high guess or lapse rate. The proposed correction facilitates the use of weighted staircases to target an arbitrary probability of response.
Spanning the career stages--A conversation about work in bioacoustics
Authors: Roch Marie A.
Published: January 2025

This session gathers participants spanning students to late career professionals to have a conversation about work in bioacoustics. Each participant will give a brief introduction on their background and career path with ample time allotted for Q&A. Topics will include professional development, the importance of mentors, work/life balance, integrating family into careers, and more!