bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global CO2 emissions from cement production, 1928–2017
Authors: Andrew Robbie M.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Global production of cement has grown very rapidly in recent years, and after
fossil fuels and land-use change, it is the third-largest source of
anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. The availability of the required
data for estimating emissions from global cement production is poor, and it
has been recognised that some global estimates are significantly inflated.
Here we assemble a large variety of available datasets, prioritising official
data and emission factors, including estimates submitted to the UNFCCC plus
new estimates for China and India, to present a new analysis of global
process emissions from cement production. We show that global process
emissions in 2017 were 1.48±0.20 Gt CO2, equivalent to about
4 % of emissions from fossil fuels. Cumulative emissions from 1928 to
2017 were 36.9±2.3 Gt CO2, 70 % of which have occurred
since 1990. Emissions in 2016 were 28 % lower than those recently
reported by the Global Carbon Project. The data associated with this article
can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.831454.
A leaf area index, LAI, data set acquired in Sahelian rangelands (Gourma, Mali) over the 2005–2017 period
Authors: Mougin Eric , Diawara Mamadou Oumar , Soumaguel Nogmana , Maiga Ali Amadou , Demarez Valerie , Hiernaux Pierre , Grippa Manuela , Chaffard Veronique , Ba Abdramane
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The leaf area index, LAI, of Sahelian rangelands and related variables such as the vegetation cover fraction, fCover, the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, fAPAR, and the clumping index, λo, were measured in the Gourma region (Mali) during 13 successive rainy seasons, between 2005 and 2017. These variables, known as climate essential variables, were derived from the acquisition and the processing of hemispherical photographs taken along 1 km linear sampling transects, for 5 contrasted canopies and one millet field. The same sampling protocol was applied in a seasonally inundated Acacia open forest, along a 0.5 km transect, by taking photographs of the understorey and the tree canopy. These observations collected over more than a decade, in a remote and not very accessible region, provide a relevant and unique data set that can be used for a better understanding of the Sahelian vegetation response to the current rainfall changes. The collected data can also be used for satellite product evaluation and land surface model development and validation.
A Versatile, Linear Complexity Algorithm for Flow Routing in
Topographies with Depressions
Authors: Cordonnier Guillaume , Bovy Benoît , Braun Jean
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We present a new algorithm for solving the common problem of flow trapped in closed depressions within digital elevation models, as encountered in many applications relying on flow routing. Unlike other approaches (e.g., the so-called Priority-Flood depression filling algorithm), this solution is based on the explicit computation of the flow paths both within and across the depressions through the construction of a graph connecting together all adjacent drainage basins. Although this represents many operations, a linear time-complexity can be reached for the whole computation, making it very efficient. Compared to the most optimized solutions proposed so far, we show that this algorithm of flow path enforcement yields the best performance when used in landscape evolution models. Besides its efficiency, our proposed method has also the advantage of letting the user choose among different strategies of flow path enforcement within the depressions (i.e., filling vs. carving). Furthermore, the computed graph of basins is a generic structure that has the potential to be reused for solving other problems as well. This sequential algorithm may be helpful for those who need to, e.g., process digital elevation models of moderate size on single computers or run batches of simulations as part of an inference study.
The Met Office Weather Game: investigating how different methods for presenting probabilistic weather forecasts influence decision-making
Authors: Stephens Elisabeth M. , Spiegelhalter David J. , Mylne Ken , Harrison Mark
Published: December 2018

Abstract. To inform the way probabilistic forecasts would be displayed on their website the UK Met Office ran an online game as a mass participation experiment to highlight the best methods of communicating uncertainty in rainfall and temperature forecasts, and to widen public engagement in uncertainty in weather forecasting. The game used a hypothetical ice-cream seller scenario and a randomised structure to test decision-making ability using different methods of representing uncertainty and to enable participants to experience being lucky or unlucky when the most likely forecast scenario did not occur. Data were collected on participant age, gender, educational attainment and previous experience of environmental modelling. The large number of participants (n > 8000) that played the game has led to the collation of a unique large dataset with which to compare the impact on decision-making ability of different weather forecast presentation formats. This analysis demonstrates that within the game the provision of information regarding forecast uncertainty greatly improved decision-making ability, and did not cause confusion in situations where providing the uncertainty added no further information.
A simulation of a large-scale drifting snowstorm in the turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Wang Zhengshi , Jia Shuming
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Drifting snowstorms are an important aeolian process that reshape alpine
glaciers and polar ice shelves, and they may also affect the climate system and
hydrological cycle since flying snow particles exchange considerable mass and
energy with air flow. Prior studies have rarely considered full-scale
drifting snowstorms in the turbulent boundary layer; thus, the transportation
feature of snow flow higher in the air and its contribution are largely
unknown. In this study, a large-eddy simulation is combined with a subgrid-scale velocity model to simulate the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer,
and a Lagrangian particle tracking method is adopted to track the
trajectories of snow particles. A drifting snowstorm that is hundreds of
meters in depth and exhibits obvious spatial structures is produced. The snow
transport flux profile at high altitude, previously not observed, is quite
different from that near the surface; thus, the extrapolated transport flux
profile may largely underestimate the total transport flux. At the same time,
the development of a drifting snowstorm involves three typical stages,
rapid growth, gentle growth, and equilibrium, in which
large-scale updrafts and subgrid-scale fluctuating velocities basically
dominate the first and second stages, respectively. This research provides an
effective way to gain an insight into natural drifting snowstorms.
Brief communication: widespread potential for seawater infiltration on Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Cook Sue , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Ligtenberg Stefan R. M. , Coleman Richard
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Antarctica's future contribution to sea level change depends on the fate of
its fringing ice shelves. One factor which may affect the rate of iceberg
calving from ice shelves is the presence of liquid water, including the
percolation of seawater into permeable firn layers. Here, we present evidence
that most ice shelves around Antarctica have regions where permeable firn
exists below sea level. We find that seawater infiltration into ice shelves
may be much more widespread in Antarctica than previously recognised.
Finally, we identify the locations where seawater infiltration is most likely
to occur, with the intention that the results may be used to direct future
radar studies.
Améliorer les interactions verbales dans un contexte de communication authentique: TICE et apprentissage du français langue étrangère
Authors: Valetopoulos Freiderikos , Chanudet Christine
Published: December 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de présenter une étude empirique de l’utilisation des TICE dans l’enseignement et l’apprentissage du français langue seconde, concentrée sur le développement de la compétence orale, et plus précisément des interactions verbales. Afin d’améliorer les interactions, différents outils peuvent être utilisés tels que les wikis, les blogs, les réseaux sociaux, les jeux vidéo, etc. Dans le cadre de cette étude spécifique, les apprenants ont entrepris une tâche dans un contexte d’utilisation linguistique authentique. Dans ce contexte, ils ont interagi avec des locuteurs natifs, avec des enseignants aussi bien qu’avec d’autres étudiants. Deux pratiques différentes ont été étudiées en utilisant des critères spécifiques: 1. l’utilisation des téléphones mobiles dans un contexte de communication authentique pour mener une tâche orientée vers l’action, et 2. l’utilisation d’une plateforme collaborative universitaire pour donner aux apprenants l’opportunité d’observer l’interaction et de s’auto-observer. Ainsi, des phénomènes tels que l’enchaînement des tours de parole et les commentaires intersubjectifs des apprenants seront étudiés. Enfin, nous tenterons de répondre à la question suivante à partir de ces observations: Quel est l’impact des TICE sur l’apprentissage des langues selon le point de vue des étudiants ou des enseignants?
Applicability of ICT-supported language teaching in contexts of social integration and international cooperation
Authors: García Alonso Juan Luis , Samy Doaa
Published: December 2018

This paper offers two examples of the applicability of ICT-supported language teaching in two different contexts: social integration and international cooperation. A search for methodologically innovative approaches in this field inspires a series of collaborative international projects involving Egypt and several European countries. The introduction of best practices in this field brings an improvement in the language teaching and learning process in Egyptian universities, as well as meaningful insights on the advantages and shortcomings of the different options available. ICT facilitates the creation of open access materials available to disadvantaged groups (refugees or immigrants) that are outside conventional educational contexts but need tools and resources for a fast acquisition of foreign languages. An example of these tools is the development of a new multilingual smartphone app based on communication needs. The app is currently being developed within an international consortium including 6 European and 6 Egyptian universities. Another example of interesting use of ICT-based methodologies is the MOOC-based teaching and learning of languages at Cairo University, an experience resulting from the collaboration with the European Universities that are partners in different international projects.
El uso de la información silábica y contrastiva de L1-L2map en la enseñanza de la pronunciación del español
Authors: Martínez-Paricio Violeta
Published: December 2018

En la adquisición del sistema fónico de una segunda lengua (L2) al aprendiz no le basta con familiarizarse con los nuevos sonidos nuevos de la L2, sino que debe interiorizar las pautas distribucionales de los segmentos y las restricciones silábicas propias de la L2. El objetivo de este trabajo es, por un lado, reflexionar sobre los factores lingüísticos y contrastivos que pueden influir en la adquisición de las restricciones silábicas del español como lengua extranjera y, por otro lado, presentar las nuevas funciones de la base de datos multilingüe L1-L2map que permiten, precisamente, realizar análisis contrastivos de la estructura silábica de una lengua nativa (L1) y una L2. A lo largo del artículo se revisarán las principales restricciones silábicas activas en español y, a partir del uso de L1-L2map, se discutirán aquellas áreas que, posiblemente, resultarán más problemáticas a los aprendices de esta lengua en función de su L1. Asimismo, se repasarán algunas de las estrategias y modificaciones más frecuentes en la interlengua de los aprendices al enfrentarse a nuevos tipos silábicos.
Estudio contrastivo de los clasificadores nominales del chino y los sustantivos cuantificativos del español
Authors: Maohua 倪茂华 Ni
Published: December 2018

El chino es una lengua de clasificadores y los clasificadores se dividen sintácticamente en nominales y verbales, mientras que español no cuenta con clasificadores. Pero ello no quiere decir que en este idioma falte un sistema cuantificativo para los nombres. En realidad, los sustantivos cuantificativos del español disponen de parte de las funciones de los clasificadores nominales del chino, lo que sirve de base de la viabilidad de un estudio contrastivo que se realiza morfológica, sintáctica, semántica y cognitivamente.
Las formas de tratamiento en el corpus PRESEEA-Valencia. Un estudio sociolingüístico
Authors: Roselló Verdeguer Jorge
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se hace un estudio de las formas de tratamiento utilizadas, tanto por el entrevistador como por los informantes, en el corpus PRESEEA-Valencia. Dicho estudio incluye un análisis cuantitativo, en el que se da cuenta de los resultados atendiendo al nivel sociocultural, el sexo, la edad y la lengua habitual de los informantes, y un estudio cualitativo, centrado en las motivaciones que llevan al interlocutor a utilizar una u otra forma de tratamiento.
Micropropagation of Helianthemum lippii L.var sessifolium
Authors: Salih Aya Mohui Aldeen , Omran Zainab Sabeeh , Al-Ani Nabeel K.
Published: December 2018

The important of this plant coming from the symbiotic relation between this plant and truffles which is very important food. In an attempt to propagate this plant in vitro this research was conducted. The seeds were culture on MS basic medium, the seedling parts were isolated and cultured with MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l BA. The shoots were rooted on basic medium and later the plantlets acclimatized on pots.
A noção de estrutura em linguística: uma impactante (e decisiva) repercussão
Authors: Milano Luiza
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo parte da leitura do texto “Estrutura” em linguística, publicado originalmente em 1962, e presente em Problemas de linguística geral I, de Émile Benveniste. O objetivo é buscar entender a conjuntura em que esse escrito foi elaborado, focando principalmente no movimento intelectual europeu dos anos 1950 e 1960 para refletir sobre o estatuto epistemológico do termo estrutura nos estudos linguísticos da época.
O aparelho formal da enunciação: que aparelho é este?
Authors: Toldo Claudia
Published: December 2018

A proposta deste trabalho aborda o ensino de língua portuguesa na escola a partir de uma perspectiva enunciativa, mais precisamente, uma reflexão que proporcione ao aluno da educação básica a oportunidade de se enunciar, na e pela linguagem, e se colocar como sujeito de sua enunciação na escola enquanto espaço privilegiado para se pensar o uso da língua. Para isso, a discussão ampara-se no texto do linguista Émile Benveniste, O aparelho formal da enunciação, publicado em 1970 na revista Langages, e constitutivo da segunda parte dos Problemas de linguística geral II dedicada à comunicação. Nesse artigo dirigido especificamente a linguistas, Benveniste procede a uma distinção entre o emprego das formas e o emprego da língua. É essa dicotomia que justifica a necessidade de se pensar o ensino da língua a partir da enunciação, haja vista que o aluno-locutor, ao se apropriar das formas, se encontra numa relação absoluta com a escola, com a sociedade, com o mundo e, sobretudo, com uma língua que sirva para viver.
Editorial v. 14, n. 3
Authors: Toldo Claudia
Published: December 2018

Editorial
Susceptibility of non-cereal crops to Fusarium graminearum complex and their role within cereal crop rotation as a source of inoculum for Fusarium head blight
Authors: Rasiukeviciute Neringa , Suproniene Skaidre , Kelpsiene Jurgita , Svegzda Povilas , Kadziene Grazina , Sneideris Donatas , Ivanauskas Algirdas , Treikale Olga
Published: December 2018

Fusarium graminearum, the cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB), is an important cereal pathogen. Moreover, some non-graminaceous crops are also known to be susceptible to F. graminearum infection. This study assessed the presence of F. graminearum species complex on non-cereal plants, grown in a cereal crop rotation and evaluated its pathogenicity to non-cereal plants in vitro and to spring wheat under field conditions. The relative density of Fusarium species isolated from oilseed rape, pea, potato and sugar beet plants was assessed in 2015 and 2016. A total of 403 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from non-cereal plants and only 5% of the isolates were identified as F. graminearum. The pathogenicity test revealed that isolates of F. graminearum from spring wheat and non-cereal plants caused discolourations on leaves of faba bean, fodder beet, oilseed rape, pea, potato and sugar beet. The pea was the crop most susceptible to F. graminearum isolated from spring wheat. The pathogenicity of F. graminearum from sugar beet, oilseed rape, pea and potato to the same hosts differed depending on isolate and inoculated plant. Under field conditions, F. graminearum isolates from pea, potato, oilseed rape and wild viola were able to cause typical FHB symptoms in spring wheat. Based on the information generated in this study, we conclude that under congenial conditions, growing faba bean, pea, sugar beet, fodder beet, oilseed rape and potato plants in a cereal crop rotation may serve as alternative or reservoir hosts for F. graminearum pathogens.
A Survey-Based Qualitative Analysis of the Institutional Structures and Policy Measures in the Shea Sector of Ghana
Authors: Awo Martha Adimabuno
Published: December 2018

Shea is an important tree crop for women in the three impoverished northern regions of Ghana and is considered to be a major source of poverty alleviation in these regions. The crop is picked in the wild as nuts mainly by women who sell the nuts to processors. These nuts are processed into butter and soap for local use and/or for exports. Institutional structures, from a variety sources including the cultural environment, community support systems and the State regulatory and support mechanisms, shape the opportunities, constraints and obstacles facing women pickers and local processors who rely on shea as an important source of income and economic empowerment. Both State and non-State institutions in Ghana have designed various policy interventions and programmes for the shea sector with the objective of reducing market failures of the sector and to improve incomes of shea-producing households. Based on a relatively large survey of 405 shea-producing households in selected districts of the Northern Region of Ghana, this paper discusses the institutional structures and policy measures in the shea sector in Ghana. From the perspective of the survey respondents, there is not enough coordination of programmes and policies among the various institutions in the shea sector. Respondents feel that the shea sector is largely unregulated; various actors take actions mainly for their own benefits and not necessarily for the benefit of the whole sector. Organised groups of shea-producing households are more likely to improve their chances of being impacted by programmes and policies of State and non-State institutions than unorganized individual shea-producing households.
Efficacy of Exercise Time Models in Weight-Loss and Coronary Risk Panel of Middle-Aged Females
Authors: Rezaeipour Mohammadreza , Gennady Leonidovich Apanasenko
Published: December 2018

Background: Age-related obesity, besides genetics, depends on diet and exercise. There are various strategies for the time duration of exercise. Nevertheless, there continues to be little knowledge about its diverse models for women in middle-age. Objectives: This study investigated the impacts of interval training on the loss of weight and coronary risk panel and compared its effectiveness with continuous training effectiveness. Methods: This research was a simplified randomized trial. Participants (n = 86) were selected among sedentary overweight or obese women aged 45 - 65 years who had attended (during the three months before the study) weight-loss consulting programs. Of all 86 participants, 74 completed the study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: A group with continuous training and a group with interval training. The weight assessment parameters, including change of weight, body composition, and blood sample tests, were carried out before and after the 12-week intervention. Results: In comparison with baseline data, all parameters changed significantly in both groups. The study groups showed a similar weight loss pattern after the intervention. The same changes were noticed in the body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in post-test groups (P > 0.05). Elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels differed significantly in post-test groups (P < 0.05). The decrease in the ratio of TC to HDL-C was more in interval exercise than in continuous training. Conclusions: Both exercise time models could improve significantly the weight loss parameters but it seems that the intervaltraining pattern provides more health along with weight loss. This may be clinically useful and provide a physical activity guideline for body weight loss in middle-aged women.
Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin D on the Length of Hospital Stay in Children with Gastroenteritis Aged 3 Months to 14 Years Admitted to the Pediatric Hospital of Bandar Abbas
Authors: Rahmati Mohammad Bagher , Nikbakht Alireza , Ahmadi Mehran
Published: December 2018

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of pediatric hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D can improve the immune system, and its deficiency may exacerbate the severe symptoms of any infectious disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on children admitted to a hospital due to acute gastroenteritis. Methods: In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, 100 children aged 3 months to 14 years old hospitalized due to acute gastroenteritis in Bandar Abbas pediatric hospital, Iran, were enrolled. The participants were divided into two groups of case and placebo (n = 50 per group). Patients were excluded from the study if they met the exclusion criteria. After obtaining parental (or guardian) consent, in addition to the conventional treatment of gastroenteritis, the placebo group received 2 cc of olive oil (as placebo) and the cases received 100000 IU of vitamin D (ZAHRAVI Vit D3). Discharge criteria included reduction of fever and defecation and improvement of the patient’s general condition. The required data including age, sex, baseline serum vitamin D level, level of dehydration, axillary temperature, and length of hospital stay were recorded in a checklist by a physician. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Student’s t-test were used to compare the recorded data in SPSS, version 24. Results: The mean lengths of hospital stay were 3.46 and 2.54 days in the placebo and case groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference between the two groups in this regard (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant age and sex differences between the two groups regarding hospital stay (P = 0.09 and P = 0.14). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between length of hospital stay and the level of dehydration in either group (P = 0.15). We found that axillary temperature at discharge was significantly lower in the vitamin D group than the placebo group (P = 0.017). In general, length of hospital stay was shorter in the vitamin D group, and there was no difference between patients with baseline vitamin D level of < 30 ng/mL and those with vitamin D level of ≥ 30 ng/mL in the vitamin D group regarding length of hospital stay (P = 0.057). On the contrary, in placebo group, hospital stay was significantly longer in those with vitamin D level of < 30 ng/mL (P = 0.039). Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation is significantly related to the reduction of hospital stay in pediatric acute gastroenteritis patients aged 3 months to 14 years old. This finding was achieved after unification of the confounding variables such as socioeconomic status. We also noted that the effect of vitamin D on hospital stay was not associated with age, sex, and level of dehydration.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Positive Imagination of Success During Hypnotism on Athletic Performance
Authors: Hamid Najmeh , Abdoli Rasoul , Shahroie Abdolazim
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy accompanied by positive imagination of success during hypnosis on athletic performance. Methods: The research method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The sample consisted of two teams of 14-year-old players (n = 30) who were matched from age, educational status, absence of physical and mental disorder, as well as other criteria considered in this research. Then, they were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control group. The pre-test was administered to both groups. The research instrument was Yeagly’s Football standardized test (YFT). The experimental group administered eight sessions of group cognitive-behavioral therapy with hypnotism and positive imagination, however, the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition, the experimental group, during the eight weeks of cognitive-behavioral group therapy, enjoyed three sessions of positive imagination during the hypnosis, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. Results: The data analysis results showed that the experimental group had a significant difference with the control group (P < 0.001). The performance of experimental group significantly increased in comparison with pre-test and control group. Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral therapy accompanied by the positive imagination of success during hypnosis significantly increased the athletic performance in the experimental group in three items of shoot to the target, fixed pass, and moving pass. Therefore, to improve the performance of a soccer team, the use of cognitive behavioral techniques and hypnotism with positive imagination of success is recommended.
The Relationship between Schools and Religion in the Czech Lands One Hundred Years Ago
Authors: Vaculík Jaroslav
Published: December 2018

The position of religion in Czech schools has been the subject of discussion among educationalists since the second half of the nineteenth century. Supporters of the radical current excluded religion from school completely, while conservatives defended the existing situation just as determinedly. Advocates of the reform tendency took the view that religion, as an essential component of modern culture, cannot and must not be ignored in school and that schools must not cut themselves off from centuries-old traditions.
Polish School Motherland in the Northeastern Borderlands of the Second Republic of Poland
Authors: Walasek Stefania
Published: December 2018

One of the socio-educational organizations operating from the end of the 19th century in the Kingdom of Poland was the Polish School Motherland (Polska Macierz Szkolna, hereinafter: PMS). Initially illegal, work focused the attention of activists on the issues of teaching in Polish, which was addressed to various age groups of listeners. In 1916, the first Statute of the Motherland was developed, which presented the goals and directions of work and in which the promotion of and support for education in the Christian and national spirit constituted the main determinant of activity. During the First World War, PMS turned its interest to the Northeastern Borderlands. When assessing the state of Polish education in these lands, it was obvious to take appropriate measures in the area of the former Russian Partition. However, the issue of nationality of these lands has not yet been resolved. After 1918, PMS tried to organize appropriate educational institutions, but it should be emphasized that Warsaw activists encountered a number of difficulties which resulted, among others, from ignorance of the peculiarities of these lands. Finally, in September 1919, the Polish School Motherland of Eastern Lands was established and started developing intensive work in the field of organizing: daycare centers, public schools and secondary schools (few), courses for illiterate adults, libraries and reading rooms. The Motherland was also active in the field of material help for those in need.
The Influence of Prague’s Lusatian Seminary on the Sorbian National Revival
Authors: Kaleta Petr
Published: December 2018

The Catholic Lusatian Sorbs are today the most important element of the Sorbian ethnic group and their national culture. After the Reformation, they found themselves in a minority and in a highly negative situation. For the Catholic Sorbs, the opening of the Lusatian Seminary in Prague in 1728 was a significant source of strength and encouragement. Over the nearly two centuries of its existence, the Lusatian Seminary became a national institution for Catholic Sorbs, and Prague was considered their second capital after Budyšin (Bautzen). The Sorbian seminarians, who usually attended the German grammar school in Prague’s Lesser Town before going on to study theology at the city’s university, were taught by leading figures of Czech science such as Josef Dobrovský, Václav Hanka, Karel Jaromír Erben, and the Slovak Martin Hattala. The Sorbs thus received their education not only in their native language but also expanded their knowledge of other Slavic tongues. The seminary and the Sorbian youth association Serbowka, founded in Prague in 1846, significantly helped to spread education among the Sorbs, to strengthen their Slavic identity, and to develop their efforts at a national revival. Over its nearly 200-year-existence, the Lusatian Seminary was attended by many leading figures of the Sorbian national revival, including Slavist, magazine editor, and leading figure of the Sorbian national revival Jan Pětr Jordan; priest, editor, linguist, and long-standing chairman of the Maćica Serbska Michał Hórnik; and author and editor Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, considered the most important Sorbian poet.
The Lady Half-Devoured by a Dragon and the Iconography of Saint Margaret of Antioch: Interpreting an Anonymous Invención in the Cancionero general (11CG-517)
Authors: Boase Roger
Published: December 2018

Following in the footsteps of Ian Macpherson, I offer an interpretation of an anonymous invención found in the Cancionero general (11CG-517) and the British Library Cancionero (LB1-251). I maintain that the image displayed by the jouster was inspired by the iconography of the virgin-martyr Saint Margaret of Antioch, and I propose a theory about the identity of the lady addressed and, with less certainty, about the identity of the jouster and the occasion when the invención was displayed, using Pinar’s Juego trobado as a tool of research and invoking a passage on the sinfulness of the fashion among ladies and damsels for wearing hooped petticoats in a treatise by Hernando de Talavera.
El manuscrito del 'Cancionero de Baena' (PN1): Descripción codicológica y evolución histórica
Authors: Faulhaber Charles , Perea Rodríguez Óscar
Published: December 2018

The present article attempts to establish as accurately as possible the chronological trajectory of the unique codex ofthe Cancionero de Baena (PN1 in the Dutton nomenclature). It begins with a detailed examination of the codicologicalaspects of the manuscript, which serve to date its origin to around 1465. This origin, combined with the historical data,supports a conjecture that the manuscript probably belonged to Gonzalo de Beteta, an official of both Enrique IV andthe Catholic Kings. It would have passed from him to his grandson, Jorge de Beteta y Cárdenas, who gave it to the RealBiblioteca de El Escorial in 1576. The article then follows the vicissitudes of the manuscript from its disappearance fromthe Escorial at the beginning of the 19th c. until its sale in London in 1824 and its acquisition in 1836 by the Bibliothèque nationale de France, its current home. In passing, the article refutes the thesis that the manuscript would have belonged to the library of Isabel I in 1503 and would have been left by her, along with other books, to the Capilla Real of the cathedral of Granada, whence it would have passed to El Escorial.
Els manuscrits catalans de la Doctrina moral d’en Pacs
Authors: Rovira Cerdà Helena
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses from a material and textual viewpoint the four preserved manuscripts containing the Doctrina moral,a work written in the first half of the 15th century by a man from Majorca from the Pacs family. The study of these copiesgives us new information about some of the most controversial aspects of this work, such as authorship and date. The twowitnesses owned by the Bibliothèque Nationale de France are related to the Italian city of Naples, while the manuscript ofthe Biblioteca de Catalunya could have been in possession of a branch of the Pacs family, the Conilleres. The codex of theArxiu de la Corona d’Aragó, edited by Bofarull (1857), presents a more innovative copy, with many different lessons fromthe other three witnesses.
El sirventès en la poesia catalana dels segles XIV-XV: un catàleg
Authors: Tomàs Monsó Albert
Published: December 2018

The sirventes of the troubadour era has been broadly studied, but there are not overall explanations concerning theevolution of the sirventes genre in the Catalan-speaking lands of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. This paperpropounds a catalogue of sirventesos concerning its historical development, the troubadour models, rhetorical andgrammatical treatises, and genre assignment in rubrics. Our catalogue contains thirty-one Catalan sirventesos, includingtwenty-eight extant items and three items lost. In some cases the literary motifs of the sirventes cross boundaries in aprocess of poetic hybridization with other moral genres which borrow out themes, images and rhetorical strategies fromthe sirventes. In order to reflect this complexity, our catalogue also includes an annex with twenty-seven texts that are notproperly sirventesos but, due to their idiosyncrasy, can be placed in the periphery of the genre.
An unexpected INAD PDZ tandem-mediated plcβ binding in Drosophila photo receptors
Authors: Ye Fei , Huang Yuxin , Li Jianchao , Ma Yuqian , Xie Chensu , Liu Zexu , Deng Xiaoying , Wan Jun , Xue Tian , Liu Wei , Zhang Mingjie
Published: December 2018

INAD assembles key enzymes of the Drosophila compound eye photo-transduction pathway into a supramolecular complex, supporting efficient and fast light signaling. However, the molecular mechanism that governs the interaction between INAD and NORPA (phospholipase Cβ, PLCβ), a key step for the fast kinetics of the light signaling, is not known. Here, we show that the NORPA C-terminal coiled-coil domain and PDZ-binding motif (CC-PBM) synergistically bind to INAD PDZ45 tandem with an unexpected mode and unprecedented high affinity. Guided by the structure of the INAD–NORPA complex, we discover that INADL is probably a mammalian counterpart of INAD. The INADL PDZ89 tandem specifically binds to PLCβ4 with a mode that is strikingly similar to that of the INAD–NORPA complex, as revealed by the structure of the INADL PDZ89–PLCβ4 CC-PBM complex. Therefore, our study suggests that the highly specific PDZ tandem – PLCβ interactions are an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in PLCβ signaling in the animal kingdom.
Highly efficient 5' capping of mitochondrial RNA with NAD+ and NADH by yeast and human mitochondrial RNA polymerase
Authors: Bird Jeremy G , Basu Urmimala , Kuster David , Ramachandran Aparna , Grudzien-Nogalska Ewa , Towheed Atif , Wallace Douglas C , Kiledjian Megerditch , Temiakov Dmitry , Patel Smita S , Ebright Richard H , Nickels Bryce E
Published: December 2018

Bacterial and eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAPs) cap RNA with the oxidized and reduced forms of the metabolic effector nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ and NADH, using NAD+ and NADH as non-canonical initiating nucleotides for transcription initiation. Here, we show that mitochondrial RNAPs (mtRNAPs) cap RNA with NAD+ and NADH, and do so more efficiently than nuclear RNAPs. Direct quantitation of NAD+- and NADH-capped RNA demonstrates remarkably high levels of capping in vivo: up to ~60% NAD+ and NADH capping of yeast mitochondrial transcripts, and up to ~15% NAD+ capping of human mitochondrial transcripts. The capping efficiency is determined by promoter sequence at, and upstream of, the transcription start site and, in yeast and human cells, by intracellular NAD+ and NADH levels. Our findings indicate mtRNAPs serve as both sensors and actuators in coupling cellular metabolism to mitochondrial transcriptional outputs, sensing NAD+ and NADH levels and adjusting transcriptional outputs accordingly.
The relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves acclimated to salt stress
Authors: Naliwajski Marcin Robert , Skłodowska Maria
Published: December 2018

The study examines the effect of acclimation on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber leaves subjected to moderate and severe NaCl stress. The levels of glucose, sucrose, NADH/NAD+-GDH, AspAT, AlaAT, NADP+-ICDH, G6PDH and 6GPDH activity were determined after 24 and 72 hour periods of salt stress in acclimated and non-acclimated plants. Although both groups of plants showed high Glc and Suc accumulation, they differed with regard to the range and time of accumulation. Acclimation to salinity decreased the activities of NADP+-ICDH and deaminating NAD+-GDH compared to controls; however, these enzymes, together with the other examined parameters, showed elevated values in the stressed plants. The acclimated plants showed higher G6PDH activity than the non-acclimated plants, whereas both groups demonstrated similar 6PGDH activity. The high activities of NADH-GDH, AlaAT and AspAT observed in the examined plants could be attributed to a high demand for glutamate. The observed changes may be required for the maintenance of correct TCA cycle activity, and acclimation appeared to positively influence these adaptive processes.
The recent expansion of Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca iliaca) breeding range into the northeastern United States
Authors: Lloyd John D.
Published: December 2018

The breeding range of the Eastern Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca iliaca) is generally recognized as comprising the boreal forest of Canada. However, recent observations suggest that the species is present during the summer months throughout much of the northeastern US, unexpected for a species characterized as a passage migrant in the region. To clarify, I conducted a literature review to document the historical status of the species in the northeastern US and then analyzed observations submitted to eBird to describe its recent and current status in the region. Historical accounts consistently identify Fox Sparrow as a passage migrant through the region during early spring and late fall. Beginning in the early 1980s, observers began noting regular extralimital records of Fox Sparrow in northern Maine. A single nest was discovered in the state in 1983, and another in northern New Hampshire in 1997. Despite the paucity of breeding records, observations submitted to eBird suggest that the southern limit of the breeding range of Fox Sparrow has expanded rapidly to the south and west in recent years. The proportion of complete checklists submitted to eBird that contained at least one observation of Fox Sparrow grew at an annual rate of 18% from 2003–2016 and was independent of observer effort. Fox Sparrow now occurs regularly on mountaintops and in young stands of spruce (Piceaspp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) during the breeding season throughout northern and western Maine and northern New Hampshire, with occasional records from the Green Mountains of Vermont and the Adirondack Mountains of New York. The cause of this rapid expansion of its breeding range is unknown, but may be related to an increase in the amount of young conifer forest in the northeastern US created by commercial timber harvest.
Effects of gelsemine on oxidative stress and DNA damage responses of Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Ye Qiao , Feng Yongyong , Wang Zhenlu , Jiang Wenzhao , Qu Yuexin , Zhang Chaonan , Zhou Aiguo , Xie Shaolin , Zou Jixing
Published: December 2018

Gelsemine is an important toxic substance extracted from Gelsemium elegans, which has a lot of biological functions in cells and organisms, but its toxicity has been rarely reported in Tetrahymena thermophila. In this study, we used the protozoan T. thermophila as an experimental model to investigate the potential toxicity-induced mechanism of gelsemine in the unicellular eukaryote. Our results clearly showed gelsemine inhibited T. thermophila growth in a dose-dependent manner. This exposure also resulted in oxidative stress on T. thermophila cells and antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly altered at high gelsemine levels (p < 0.05). Gelsemine produced a slight apoptotic effect at the highest (0.8 mg/mL) gelsemine level used here (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the toxin-induced DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. The ultrastructural analysis also revealed mitophagic vacuoles at 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL levels of gelsemine exposure. Moreover, expressions of oxidative stress-related and MAP kinase genes were significantly changed after exposure to 0.8 mg/mL level of gelsemine (p < 0.05). Altogether, our results clearly show that gelsemine from G. elegans can inhibit the growth via inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage in T. thermophila cells.
Fórmulas de tratamiento en la mensajería instantánea: mecanismos de apelación en las conversaciones escritas de dos variedades de español
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina), Cantamutto Lucía , Vela Delfa Cristina ,   Universidad de Valladolid (España)
Published: December 2018

Nuestra investigación se centra en las conversaciones escritas producidas en aplicaciones de mensajería instantánea del teléfono móvil. El corpus está constituido por dos interacciones de WhatsApp de hablantes del español peninsular y del español de Argentina, recolectadas entre 2014 y 2016 a través de la técnica de participante observador y alojadas en la base de datos CoDiCE. El objetivo es analizar los mecanismos de apelación (en particular, aquellos con valor deíctico) que funcionan como organizadores de la interacción digital escrita en dos variedades del español. En tal sentido, se compara la variación intralingüística así como la relación entre la conversación escrita y la cara-a-cara, a partir de la intersección de diferentes fenómenos tales como la delimitación de los pares de adyacencia, mecanismos de coherencia y cohesión y el manejo del tiempo y la linealidad de los intercambios comunicativos.
La apelación en el género discursivo del correo electrónico: fórmulas nominales de tratamiento en las aperturas y los cierres de los mensajes de email
Authors:   Universidad de Valladolid (España), Vela Delfa Cristina
Published: December 2018

A partir de un corpus de correos electrónicos intercambiados por hablantes de español de España, en este trabajo nos ocupamos de los mecanismos de apelación, en particular de las fórmulas de tratamiento nominales en función vocativa en las aperturas y los cierres de los correos electrónicos, a través del análisis de dos de sus valores fundamentales: el deíctico y el relacional. Nuestro objetivo es identificar algunas pautas discursivas propias del correo electrónico que nos legitimen a caracterizarlo como un género discursivo independiente (Swales, 1990). En el correo electrónico, los valores deícticos de las fórmulas de tratamiento nominales se desarrollan en un marco de enunciación definido por el propio paratexto, que explicita las referencias al remitente y destinatario, y en algunas de las aperturas y de los cierres de los mensajes. Asimismo, la deixis social se relaciona con la selección de ciertas fórmulas de tratamiento. En síntesis, a partir del análisis de la apelación en el correo electrónico, este trabajo aborda cuestiones que nos ponen frente a temas centrales en la caracterización del estilo electrónico y del discurso digital, según su particular posicionamiento en relación a la oposición entre poder y solidaridad (Brown y Gilman, 1960) y autonomía y afiliación (Bravo, 1999).
Estudo Prospectivo das Patentes de Resveratrol na Indústria Farmacêutica
Authors: Quintella Guilherme da Mata , Rohweder Mayla , Quintella Cristina M.
Published: December 2018

O resveratrol é uma substância extraída principalmente da casca da uva, com ação efetiva na prevenção do envelhecimento, agindo como antioxidante e favorecendo o equilíbrio lipídico. A pesquisa de famílias de patentes foi realizada no banco internacional de dados europeu, usando o software Orbit, nas classificações internacionais A61K, A61P e A61Q. Foram identificados quatro grandes grupos quanto aos tipos de usos, sendo 63% para finalidades terapêuticas focadas em uso cosmético, ou não. Trata-se de uma tecnologia emergente com crescimento anual de apropriações com 70% de famílias em análise ou concedidas. O mercado é mundial e se destaca a L´Oréal, que se associa com a NESTEC. A análise destes grupos identificou tendências de contínuo desenvolvimento nesta tecnologia, principalmente das patentes terapêuticas e não cosméticas, no entanto, os maiores players e os maiores investidores atuam ainda no setor de cosméticos.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Patentes Relacionadas às Práticas Respiratórias do Yoga
Authors: Nogueira Zizete Falcão , Menezes Luciana Ferreira , Juiz Paulo José Lima
Published: December 2018

As práticas do yoga vêm cada vez mais sendo disseminadas, tanto pela sua tradição como pelos benefícios à saúde e bem-estar que acompanham a prática. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma prospecção tecnológica de patentes referentes às práticas respiratórias do yoga, denominadas pranayamas, utilizando o softwareOrbit Intelligence, da Questel. Para a prospecção, foram utilizadas a palavra-chave “yoga” juntamente com a classificação internacional de patentes “A63B 23/18”. Os resultados mostraram um maior número de patentes depositadas nos Estados Unidos e Japão, com picos tecnológicos distribuídos nos anos de 2008 a 2010, especialmente pelas empresas Philips, Tanita e Tianjin Yihaoyong. Este estudo prospectivo contribuiu na construção de cenários futuros para o mercado, oportunidades e novas ideias e demonstrou a capacidade de desenvolvimento de tecnologias com diversas aplicações no yoga passíveis de proteção por meio da ferramenta patente.
Estudo‌ ‌de‌ ‌Prospecção‌ ‌Tecnológica‌ ‌sobre‌ ‌Embalagens‌ ‌Ativas‌ ‌para‌ ‌Vegetais‌
Authors: Lima Debora Cristina da Silva , Costa Pauline Maria Reis , Paulino Clinston , Tonholo Josealdo , Uchoa Sílvia Beatriz Beger , Nascimento Ticiano Gomes do , Ribeiro Adriana
Published: December 2018

ResumoEste trabalho tem por objetivo mapear o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico de embalagens ativas para vegetais. A partir da identificação de documentos de patentes e de artigos, foi realizada uma análise do cenário tecnológico sobre o tema, com identificação e apreciação da evolução ao longo do tempo, para apontamento da dinâmica deste mercado em diversas partes do mundo. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas em bases de patentes e de artigos, a partir de um conjunto de palavras-chave selecionadas. As bases utilizadas foram o software Orbit, que identificou 620 patentes, e a base de dados Scopus, com 350 artigos, a partir dos quais foram realizadas análises e projeções apresentadas nos Gráficos. Por fim, a junção de palavras-chave com os principais códigos IPC permitiu uma análise mais direcionada às tecnologias de embalagens ativas, com vistas à identificação de tendências e direcionamento de mercado.