bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the Three-Dimensional Space of Linguistic Theory and Literary Experiment
Authors: Feshchenko V. V.
Published: August 2021

Based on Yu. S. Stepanov’s conception of the three paradigms in the history of linguistics, philosophy and art (semantic, syntactic and pragmatic), this study highlights the three phases of the linguo-aesthetic turn in the theory of language and in the artistic language experiment of the 20 th century: formal-semantic, functional-syntactic and actional-pragmatic. Analyzed are the creative linguistic techniques used in experimental literary discourse throughout the 20 th century, predominantly in Russian and Anglo-American literature, and the linguistic procedures corresponding to these techniques, discovered in twentieth century linguistics as a path to new theories of language. The research material testifies to complex and productive interactions between experimental-artistic and scientific-linguistic discourses. The creative linguistic techniques of the literary experiment are consistent with the techniques of language analysis in the linguistic theories of the twentieth century.
O impacto do coronavírus na doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Junior Julio Cesar Pinheiro da Rocha , Melo Gabriela de Oliveira , Cardoso Veronica Nunes da Silva , França Graziela Santos da , Silva Gleydiane de Oliveira , Gentil Vivian Nogueira
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Analisar através de uma revisão narrativa o impacto do isolamento social diante da pandemia COVID-19 para o cliente idoso com doença de Alzheimer e sua família. Revisão bibliográfica: Os pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer (DA) são vulneráveis ​​a desastres e crises, por causa de suas deficiências neurocognitivas e rica sintomatologia neuropsiquiátrica. Isso é especialmente verdadeiro durante a pandemia do COVID-19, visto que os idosos com DA perderam o contato com familiares e amigos, deixando de realizar suas atividades, ficando ainda mais isolados e apresentando maiores alterações neuropsiquiátricas como depressão, ansiedade, agitação, apatia, atividade motora aberrante e estresse, assim como a família ficou mais sobrecarregada. Considerações finais: Diante do exposto foi possível analisar o impacto do coronavírus no paciente idoso com Alzheimer e sua família, constatando que discutir sobre essa temática é de extrema importância, pois em virtude da pandemia, os idosos com DA ficaram ainda mais vulneráveis e a família ficou muito mais sobrecarregada e abalada.
Unique case of anterior interosseous nerve injury following distal volar radial plating: A case report
Authors: Sidhu Gur A. S. , Hind Jamie , Abouelela Amr , Ashwood Neil , Kitsis Christos
Published: August 2021

Trauma itself, surgery, nerve entrapments, amyotrophic neuropathy, or neuritis may result in anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy. A 76-year-old woman who was operated for distal end radius fracture with plating was referred back referred back to the clinic by her general practitioner with complaints of inability to flex the interphalangeal joint of the thumb and index finger approximately 3 years after the index surgery. The proximal interphalangeal joint flexion (flexor digitorum superficialis) of the index finger was intact and the pinch power was reduced. She had normal function of her other forearm and hand muscles. Ultrasonography and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies were done to investigate further to rule out either tendon flexor pollicis longus (FPL) or nerve injury (AIN). NCV studies reported subacute denervation within the FPL. The patient recovered to near normal without any surgical intervention in 18 months. Literature reported various treatment options in the form of conservative as well as surgical depending on the cause and evidence of recovery.
Effect of Mechanical Debridement and Irrigation With Hypochlorous Acid Wound Management Solution on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Contamination and Healing Deep Dermal Wounds in a Porcine Model
Authors: Davis Stephen , Gil Joel , Li Jie , Simms Colin , Valdes Jose , Solis Michael , Higa Alexander
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Wound cleansing is an important component of wound management. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of a wound management solution (WMS) containing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and healing when used in conjunction with debridement. METHODS: Nineteen (19) deep reticular dermal wounds (22 mm × 22 mm × 3 mm deep) were created on the paravertebral and thoracic areas of 3 female pigs using a specialized electrokeratome. Wounds were separated by at least 5 cm to 7 cm of unwounded skin and inoculated with MRSA. After 72 hours, all wounds were debrided with a curette and irrigated with either the WMS or sterile saline solution twice per day from day 0 to day 4. Wounds then were irrigated once a day until the completion of the study (day 11). Wound tissue specimens were taken using punch biopsy for microbiological and histological analysis on days 4, 8, and 11 post treatment. Percent of wound epithelialized, epithelial thickness (cell layers µm), white cell infiltrate (1 = absent, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = marked, 5 = exuberant), and percent of granulation tissue formation were calculated and assessed. Microbiology and histology results were analyzed for significant differences between treatments and among assessment days using one-way analysis of variance and student t-tests. A P value ≤ .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The WMS effected a bacterial reduction (P ≤ .05) of more than 2.74 ± 0.43 and 1.03 ± 0.22 Log CFU/g in all assessment days compared with baseline before and after debridement, respectively. Percent epithelialization was significantly different between treatments on day 8, only 78.3% and 67.8% for HOCl and saline, respectively (P ≤ .05). No significant differences between treatments were observed for epithelial thickness or granulation tissue formation. CONCLUSION: The combination of debridement and HOCl wound irrigation can significantly reduce MRSA contamination and facilitate the healing process compared to saline irrigation. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
Nitelikli Göçmen İş Gücünün Çalışma Yaşamına Entegrasyonu
Authors: Yaman Fatih
Published: August 2021

Günümüz dünyasının iletişim ve ulaşım imkânlarıyla gelişen seyri, yalnızca düşünce ve ürünlerin değil aynı zamanda uluslararası nüfus hareketlerinin de yoğunlaşmasını beraberinde getirmektedir. Tarihsel olarak çeşitli göç hareketlerinden etkilenen Türkiye, bugün eş zamanlı olarak hem göç veren kaynak ülke hem göç alan hedef ülke hem de göçlere geçiş güzergâhı olarak transit ülke pozisyonundadır. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye ekonomisindeki göçmen iş gücünün durumu, çeşitli risk ve fırsatların birlikte ele alınmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Zira göçmenlerin çoğunlukla tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörlerinde kayıt dışı istihdama yönelmesi, yerel halkın istihdam olanaklarının daralmasına; söz konusu sektörlerde ücret düşüşleri ve iş kayıplarının yaşanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, ekonomik ve kültürel sermaye sahibi göçmenlerin iş yaşamına dâhil oluşu ve gerçekleştirdikleri yatırımlar, ülke ekonomisine katma değer oluşturmanın yanında hem yeni istihdam alanlarının geliştirilmesi hem de nitelikli iş gücü ihtiyacının karşılanmasına yönelik önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda elinizdeki metinde, ülkemizdeki göçmen iş gücüne ilişkin verilerden hareketle, entegrasyonun gerçekleşmesinde belirleyici bir parametre olan nitelikli göçmenlerin çalışma yaşamına uyumları risk ve fırsatlar temelinde irdelenerek somut politika önerilerine yer verilecektir.
Bio-Valorization of Physical and Chemical Pretreated Switchgrass on Volatile Fatty Acid Production
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India, U Sakthivel
Published: August 2021

The suitability of biomass system depends on products recovery from the waste. Switchgrass was the most renewable biomass sources and selected as feedstock for the volatile fatty acid production from anaerobic digestion. The five kinds of pretreatments involving physical and chemical treatment such as thermal, hot water, acid, alkaline and organosolv pretreatment were investigated. This study explored the characteristics of Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production from pretreated switchgrass compared with raw biomass. The major VFA compounds are acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid and hexanoic acid produced during digestion. The result showed that acetic acid concentration yields higher with other compounds of VFA.
Care for your Core: Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease by Nutrition
Authors:   Asper Clinical Research Institute, Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, D Daniello-Santiago , JJ Santiago ,   Asper Clinical Research Institute, Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, M Ramjiawan ,   Asper Clinical Research Institute, Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada, PS Tappia ,   Asper Clinical Research Institute, Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada
Published: August 2021

A wealth of information linking diet to heart health is available in the literature. While poor nutritional practices and improper diets exert an adverse effect on the heart, specific foods and dietary interventions are cardioprotective and maintain a healthy heart. The public has become much more aware and knowledgeable on the benefits of nutrition for health, and thus it is important that such available information is backed by credible science. In this brief article, we provide a dietitian and nutritionist perspective on the importance of food and nutrition in the prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as associated risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss how to best utilize foods to gain health benefits, specifically for heart health as part of an overall healthy lifestyle regimen.
Not So Benign: A Rare Atypical Ectopic Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Authors:   Ophthalmology PGY2, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, R Patel , D Lukins ,   Assistant Professor of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, JL Villano ,   Professor of Internal medicine and Division, Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, P Sudhakar ,   Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
Published: August 2021

Choroid Plexus Papillomas (CPPs) are rare neoplasms (0.4-0.6 % of all brain tumors) arising from cuboidal epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Atypical choroid plexus papillomas are even more rare and characterized by aggressive features of increased mitotic activity and frequent metastases even at diagnosis. Atypical choroid plexus papillomas accounted for 9% of choroid plexus tumors in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Database from 1978 to 2009. We describe a 56 year-old woman with a rare atypical choroid plexus papilloma ectopically located in the cerebellopontine angle and mistaken for a vestibular schwannoma or glossopharyngeal schwannoma. She demonstrated leptomeningeal seeding involving multiple cranial nerves and spinal cord. Besides papilledema she developed several neuro-ophthalmic features slowly over time from involvement of cranial nerves and subsequent intraparenchymal spread and radiation necrosis in the brainstem. Besides being rare, the cerebellopontine angle location of this tumor is also extremely uncommon making this a very unique case.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI SUHU DAN KALOR
Authors: Sonia Sonia , Kurniawan Yudi , Muliyani Riski
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai peningkatan aspek pemahaman konsep siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian menggunakan metode weak-experiment design dengan desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII disalah satu MTS Singkawang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa teknik cluster sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas VII H yang berjumlah 23 orang siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes pemahaman konsep objektif 18 pilihan ganda. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemahaman konsep siswa mengalami peningkatan disemua aspek. Peningkatan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada aspek pemahaman konsep menafsirkan yang nilai N-gain-nya sebesar 0,7 dengan kategori tinggi. Pada aspek mencontohkan sebesar 0,5 dengan kategori sedang, aspek mengklasifikasikan sebesar 0,4 dengan kategori sedang, aspek menyimpulkan sebesar 0,6 dengan kategori sedang, aspek membandingkan sebesar 0,3 dengan kategori sedang, dan nilai terendah terdapat pada aspek menjelaskan  yang nilai N-gain-nya sebesar 0,2 dengan kategori rendah. Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi suhu dan kalor.
Расчетные исследования продуктов тозилирования и пара-нитробензолсульфохлорирования β-аминопропиоамидоксимов
Authors: Ергалиева Э.М. , Каюкова Л.А. , Бажыкова К.Б. , Губенко М.А. , Лангер П.
Published: August 2021

Приведены результаты теоретического изучения процессов арилсульфохлорирования β-аминопропиоамидоксимов на основе оценки термодинамических параметров соответствующих реакций, анализа HOMO—LUMO молекулярных структур продуктов реакций методами квантовой химии. Полная оптимизация геометрии молекул и расчет колебательных частот проводились в программе Gaussian09 методом ТФП на уровне B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p). Установлено, что в реакциях арилсульфохлорирования четырех исследованных β-аминопропиоамидоксимов в присутствии DIPEA термодинамически более предпочтительными являются пара-толуолсульфонаты и пара-нитробензолсульфонаты спиропиразолиниевых соединений, а при арилсульфохлорировании β-(бензимидазол-1-ил)про­пиоамидоксима выгодны продукты О-замещения. Расчетные результаты согласуются с экспериментальными данными и могут служить для прогноза структуры и свойств продуктов арилсульфохлорирования амидоксимов.
Магнитные аномалии в полимерно-цепочечных комплексах Cu(hfac)2 со спин-мечеными диалкилпиразолами
Authors: Романенко Г.В. , Фокин С.В. , Чубакова Э.Т. , Богомяков А.С. , Овчаренко В.И.
Published: August 2021

Проведено рентгеноструктурное исследование строения комплексов гексафторацетилацетоната Cu(II) — Cu(hfac)2 с нитроксильными радикалами LR1/R2, где R1 и R2 — алкильные заместители в 1,3-пиразольном фрагменте. Установлено, что твердые фазы всех [Cu(hfac)2LR1/R2] образованы полимерными цепями, общим структурным мотивом которых служит дитопная мостиковая координация парамагнитных лигандов по мотиву «голова—голова». Изучение температурной динамики структуры и сопряженного с ней изменения температурной зависимости эффективного магнитного момента комплекса показало, что изменение как R1, так и R2 может существенно повлиять не только на возможность возникновения магнитной аномалий на кривой зависимости эффективного магнитного момента от температуры, но и на ее вид.
Marcos de competencias digitales relacionados con seguridad para docentes
Authors: Amador-Alarcón María P. , Torres-Gastelú Carlos A. , Lagunes-Domínguez Agustín , Angulo-Armenta Joel , Argüello-Rosales César A. , Medina-Cruz Héctor
Published: August 2021

En este documento se pretende realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre diferentes marcos de competencias digitales relacionados con seguridad para docentes. Para ello, se consideró la selección de marcos internacionales, consolidados y emitidos por instituciones o gobiernos. Posteriormente, se analizó su estructura y/o dimensiones que tuvieran relación con temas de seguridad. Se logró identificar a siete marcos que cumplían, así que se describió a cada uno de ellos y las competencias que proponen. Como resultado de esta revisión se concluye que la mayoría de los marcos propone el uso seguro de la tecnología, asesorar a los estudiantes para que adopten prácticas seguras, legales y éticas cuando usan herramientas digitales. A raíz de ello se destaca la necesidad de fortalecer el aprendizaje sobre medidas de protección y privacidad mediante estrategias innovadoras que busquen incentivar a los docentes para su adecuada apropiación.
ANTESEDEN KEPUASAN KERJA DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Nasir Mohammad , Marbawi Marbawi , Qamarius Ibrahim
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine two antecedent variabels of job satisfaction and the impact on personil performance of National Narcotics Agency Aceh Province. The data used is the data by distributing questionnaires to 175 respondent of personil National Narcotics Agency Aceh Province. To analyze the data, the statistical analysis used structure equation modeling (SEM) and processed with the help of the application Amos. The variables measured include individual characterstic and work characteristic effect toward job satisfaction and then analysis of statistical test is individual characterstic, work characteristic and job satisfaction effect toward of Personil Performance of  National Narcotics Agency Aceh Province. The result job satisfaction variable  effect of partial mediated  on individual characterstic and work characteristic toward to Personil Performance of  National Narcotics Agency Aceh Province.
DOPPLER VS. SPINNER PLT SENSING FOR HYDROCARBON VELOCITY ESTIMATE BY DEEP-LEARNING APPROACH
Authors:   Saudi Aramco, Katterbauer Klemens , Marsala Alberto ,   Saudi Aramco, Schoepf Virginie ,   Openfield Technology, Abbassi Linda ,   Openfield Technology
Published: August 2021

Logging hydrocarbon production potential of wells has been at the forefront of enhancing oil and gas exploration and maximize productivity from oil and gas reservoirs. A major challenge is accurate downhole fluid phases flow velocity measurements in production logging (PLT) due to the criticality of mechanical spinner-based sensor devices. Ultrasonic Doppler-based sensors are more robust and deployable either in wireline or logging while drilling (LWD) conditions; however, due to the different sensing physics, the measurement results may vary. Ultrasonic Doppler flow meters utilize the Doppler effect that is a change in frequency of the sound waves that are reflected on a moving target. A common example is the change in pitch when a vehicle sounding a horn approaches and recedes from an observer. The frequency shift is in direct proportion of the relative velocity of the fluid with respect to the emitter-receiver and allows to infer the speed of the flowing fluid. Doppler flow meters offer many advantages over mechanical spinners such as the ability to measure without requiring calibration passes, the absence of mechanical moving parts, the sensors robustness to shocks and hits, easy installation and minimal affection by changes in temperature, density and viscosity of the fluid thus capability to work even in highly contaminated conditions such as tar, asphaltene deposits on equipment. Despite being widely used in surface flow metering, ultrasonic Doppler sensor applications to downhole environment have been so far very limited. We present in this work an innovative deep learning framework to estimate spinner phase velocities from Doppler based sensor velocities. Tests of the framework on a benchmark data set displayed strong estimation results, in particular outlining the ability to utilize Doppler-based sensors for downhole phase velocity measurements and allows the comparison of the estimates with previously recorded spinner velocity measurements. This allows for the real-time automated interpretative framework implementation and flow velocity estimations either in conventional wireline production logging technologies and potentially also in LWD conditions, when the well is flowing in underbalanced conditions.
TAMING THE THUNDER HORSE WITH AXES AND VECTORS
Authors:   Eriksfiord, Ruehlicke Bernd , Uhrin Andras ,   Eriksfiord, Veselovsky Zbynek ,   Eriksfiord, Schlaich Markus ,   Eriksfiord
Published: August 2021

The Thunder Horse Field targets Middle Miocene deepwater turbiditic reservoirs. Despite of being prolific, the mapping of the ~180 m thick, partly amalgamated reservoir sandstones is challenging. Seismic quality is reduced by the presence of salt structures. The salt overburden and high formation pressure requires the use of heavy mud weights and oil-based drilling fluids, which limit the resolution and interpretation potential of borehole image logs (BHI). Halokinetic movements caused significant post-depositional deformation of the already complex gravity- driven sediment stack and the reservoir beds drape against an E–W oriented salt wall. Consequently, the assessment and removal of the structural dip component is not trivial and the evaluation of paleo-transport directions is considerably more complicated compared to undisturbed deepwater reservoirs. The intention of this paper is to bring the main results from Henry et al. (2018) into context with the eigenvector methodology from Ruehlicke et al. (2019) and to emphasize its value for reservoir characterization.
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE DEEP-WATER FLUID SAMPLING WHILE DRILLING
Authors:   Consultant, Wandstrat Matt , Simms Gerard ,   LLOG Exploration Inc., Adegbola Femi ,   Baker Hughes, Smith Steve ,   Baker Hughes, Liaw Vincent ,   Baker Hughes
Published: August 2021

The objective of this paper is to provide a context for strategic use of fluid sampling while drilling (FSWD) in the deep-water environment. Our work is based on data collected from Gulf of Mexico wells over the last 7 years and we incorporate both operator and service company experience. In this paper we review the current FSWD technology and the quality of the fluid samples. We provide practical guidelines for executing the FSWD operation and review types of wells where FSWD has been most effective. We also discuss the role FSWD plays in the business of efficient well construction (drilling, evaluating, and completing). Strategic use of FSWD can provide time savings and operational risk mitigation. FSWD has proven to provide high quality data and fluid samples, however, an awareness of the differences between conventional fluid sampling (wireline) and sampling while-drilling is important for maximizing benefits. Additionally, long term strategic commitment to FSWD is likely to provide the largest benefits to operators. FSWD has been around for about 10 years, but how, and where, to apply the technology has not been clear to many operators. The broader industry can benefit by learning from experiences accumulated through consistent and extensive FSWD use in deep-water wells showing how the technology has progressed, and how it is used to achieve business benefits.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Presensi Menggunakan SmartCard RFID Berbasis Web
Authors: Tukadi Tukadi
Published: August 2021

Presensi karyawan di dalam suatu perusahaan merupakan keperluan administrasi yang penting,  karena dapat mempengaruhi besarnya gaji atau honor seorang karyawan dan juga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas perusahaan. Untuk itu dalam presensi diperlukan ketelitian agar tidak merugikan perusahaaan atau karyawan itu sendiri. Maka dari itu pada penelitian ini di ancang aplikasi presensi unntuk penggajian menggunakan Smart Card Rfid Berbasis Web. RFID ini sendiri memiliki kelebihan kecepatan baca data dibandingkan alat sejenisnya, selain itu RFID juga lebih murah dari segi harga dan juga pembacaan informasi lebih mudah karena bentuk dan bidang tidak mempengaruhi pembacaan informasi. Secara fungsional RFID terdiri 2 bagian inti yaitu RFID reader dan tag RFID. Tag RFID adalah komponen kecil yang menyimpan sebuah informasi rahasia dimana informasi tersebut hanya dapat dibaca menggunakan RFID reader. Dengan menggunakan Smart Card Rfid berbasis Web dihasilkan proses presensi bisa lebih teliti, akurat dan dapat dimonitoring secara realtime dengan menggunakan web, sehingga dari pihak karyawan ataupun perusahaan dapat memantau presensi dimanapun secara realtime. Agar sistem berjalan dengan baik diperlukan efisiensi pengiriman data, semakin ringan data yang dikirim maka throughtput yang dibutuhkan semakin kecil, dari hasil pengujian didapatkan prosentase keberhasilan 95%. Berdasarkan pengujian error rate yang mana dilakukan percobaan sebanyak 10 kali dapat diketahui bahwa 9 dari 10 data berhasil terkirim dengan baik. Agar tindakan ini tidak membuat sistem menunggu terlalu lama pengiriman data dibatasi dengan waktu 5 detik
Perancangan Sistem Pendingin Stayrofoam Air Conditionerportable Menggunakan Thermoelectric Cooler (Elemen Peltier)
Authors: Imaduddin Ilmi Rizki
Published: August 2021

Abstrak— Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan perancangan dan sistem pendingin ruangan, hasil pengujian akurasi (thermoelektrik cooler, dan  hygrometer). Pada hasil pengujian  thermoelektrik cooler hasil rata-rata peltier didapatkan suhu 8,5 oC, peltier kedua didapatkan rata-rata 8,6 oC, peltier ketiga didapatkan rata-rata 5 oC, peltier ke empat didapatkan rata-rata 4,8 oC, peltier kelima didpatkan rata-rata 4,6 oC, dan peltier terakhir didapatkan 4,1 oC. Dan untuk hasil pengujian menggunakan hygrometer pembacaan temperatur relatif antara sensor NTC dengan hygrometer linear dengan R2 0,8004, dimana R2 merupakan regresi dan dapat menunjukkan kelelitian pengukuran alat yang dibuat sebesar 80 %. Dari data-data yang telah dianalisa, secara umum sistem suhu pendingin ruangan styrofom menggunakan thermoelektrik cooler pada penelitian ini telah memenuhi syarat umum sebuah pengendali, dimana untuk variasi-variasi akan menghasilkan respon yang diinginkan dari sebauah sistem pendingin. Apabila ada gangguan dari luar dapat ditanggapi secara responsif dari sistem, dengan selalu berusaha mendekatkan suhu sesuai set point.
Forensic Analysis of Illicit Drugs and Novel Psychoactive Substances in Wastewater: A review of Toxicological, Chemical and Microbiological Aspects
Authors: Campos Eduardo , De Martinis Elaine , De Martinis Bruno
Published: August 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a new analytical strategy for monitoring licit and illicit drug use in a population by measuring the levels of biomarkers in wastewater. The main concept of this approach is that chemical substances ingested by the population will be excreted in urine and feces, which will be discarded into the sewage network and may accumulate at the wastewater treatment plant. Several licit and illicit substances such as ethanol, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and morphine have been investigated and reported in wastewater in worldwide. In recent years, this approach has also been explored for environmental monitoring of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) as well, since analyses of wastewater represent a fast and cost-effective way to evaluate collectively drug intake in a given population served by a sewage network. In this paper, a comprehensive and interdisciplinary review of the forensic, toxicological, chemical and microbiological aspects of the analysis of “traditional” drugs of abuse and NPS in wastewater and examples of applications reported in recently published papers is provided. Wastewater analysis is a very promising strategy in monitoring drug use in the context of Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology, and has been implemented by many researchers in the analysis of drugs of abuse, as supported by many recent literature reports.
GC×GC in the Characterization of the Bio-Oil from Brazilian Biomass: A Review
Authors: Farrapeira Rafael , Andrade Yasmine , Krause Laíza , Bjerk Thiago , Caramão Elina , Schneider Jaderson
Published: August 2021

This study presents and discusses the state of the art of Two-Dimensional Comprehensive Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) developed in Brazil. GC×GC has been the focus of studies in Brazil since 2009, based on successful experiences in cooperation with researchers from Australia and Italy. The result of these researches led to the installation of many laboratories in Brazilian Universities and Research Centers, similar to others in foreign countries and the development of research, mostly involving applications of the technique to Brazilian matrices. In this review we present applications of GC×GC involving the pyrolysis of Brazilian agroindustrial residues, such as cane straw, sawdust, coconut fiber, fruit seeds, rice husks, spent coffee grounds, among others. The most used detection techniques for GC×GC have been mass spectrometry with fast quadrupole analyzer (GC×GC/qMS) and time of flight (GC×GC/TOFMS). These studies showed the possibility of identifying many organic compounds in the bio-oils produced, especially oxygenated ones such as phenols, ketones, acids and esters. Several studies suggest catalytic pyrolysis as a way to generate less oxygen-compounds directing the application of this bio-oil to the area of biofuels. However, the compounds found and their relative concentration, indicates that the best uses should be associated with the processing industry such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, polymers and food.
Surface modification of titanium VT6 alloy obtained by additive technologies using reactive electrospark treatment
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Mukanov S. K. , Kudryashov A. E. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Petrzhik M. I. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISiS
Published: August 2021

Using additive technologies, in particular selective electro-beam melting (EBM), it is possible to obtain products of a high degree of complexity, reducing production costs while minimizing the required amount of material. However, products obtained by the EBM method are characterized by surface defects and high surface roughness, which limits their use. Electric spark treatment (EST) makes it possible to eliminate defects and strengthen the surface layers of EBM products during the reactive phase formation, the conditions of which are studied in the work. The structure and phase composition of electric spark layers formed on VT6 samples under different treatment modes with a low-melting near-eutectic Al-9Si electrode are studied. Due to the reactive phase formation during electric spark treatment, a modified layer with a thickness of more than 10 µm containing nanoscale grains of TixAly intermetallics was formed. The surface roughness after EST is several times lower, and the wear resistance is higher by an order of magnitude compared to the original EBM sample made of VT6 alloy. It is shown that EST for 310 seconds using a hypoeutectic Al-9Si electrode, applied energy 47,6 kJ and a pulse frequency of 3200 Hz, reduces the surface roughness by ~ 9 times due to plasma smoothing of protrusions and filling in cavities during the spreading melt drops on surface.
Possible approach to estimating the dispersion interaction in powder systems
Authors:   Higher School of Engineering of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,, Ayzenshtadt A. M. , Korolev E. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Drozdyuk T. A. ,   Higher School of Engineering of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,, Danilov V. E. ,   Higher School of Engineering of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,, Frolova M. A. ,   Higher School of Engineering of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present the results of testing the algorithm for calculating the Hamaker constant proposed by the authors as characteristics of the dispersion interaction according to experimental data obtained by studying the composition of fine powders of basalt and polymineral sand. For this purpose, based on a number of assumptions, the concept of an analogue Hamaker constant is introduced, which is an experimentally determined quantity.This parameter is recommended to be used when choosing the quantitative ratio of powder raw materials as a criterion for assessing the maximum possible van der Waals effect of dispersion interaction. An assumption was made about the presence of a constant characteristic of a thin film wetting the analyzed surface. Moreover, this thin film has a contact angle of the transition region “film-bulk phase”, the value of which is determined by the nature of the surface and the properties of the wetting liquid. The contact angle of the transition region can be an additional quantitative criterion for the selection of materials that are compatible in nature.
Porous composite coatings for implants
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Geological faculty, Sokolov V. N. , Razgulina O. V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Geological faculty, Chernov M. S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Geological faculty, Mamaeva V. A. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Mamaev A. I. ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Kalita V.I. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komlev D. I. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radyuk A. A. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

An analysis of the surface of a plasma three-dimensional capillary-porous (TCP) Ti coating with an additional bioactive hydroxyapatite coating formed by microplasma oxidation (MPO) has been performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed the open porosity of these composite coatings. The surface of the TCP Ti coating consists of ridges and depressions. The porosity of the TCP Ti coating of the depressions reaches 43 %. The presence of macro- and micropores with a size of 0.08 – 600 µm makes the TCP Ti coatings promising for use in a number of areas, including on the surface of intraosseous implants.
The efficiency of ablation of metals by scanning beam of pulsed irradiation with nanosecond-range fiber Yb:YAG laser
Authors:   LLC “Laser Center”, Mikhailov S. B. , Gorny S. G. ,   LLC “Laser Center”, Zhukov N. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Federal Research Center “A.M. Prokhorov Institute of General Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (IOF RAS)
Published: August 2021

The results of experiments on ablation of targets made of stainless steel and aluminum by a scanning beam of nanosecond pulses at intensity up to 109 W/cm2 are presented. It was found that the overlap of the impact zones during irradiating leads to an increase in the ablation depth in proportion to the area of overlap of the irradiation spots. This is due to increase in overlap irradiation spots degree, zones with a large number of pulse effects are formed on surface, which increases the depth of the melt bath and leads to the ejection of larger particles. An increase in ablation depth of aluminum increase with increase of the interval between pulses up to 10 ms and overlapping of the irradiation spots. The shape of the ejected particles changes from spherical, when formed from a melt, to an irregular shape, when the target is mechanically destroyed by an internal shock wave. The size and velocity distribution of the ejected particles was determined, and on the basis of these data, the laser radiation shielding coefficients were calculated depending on the degree of overlapping of the irradiation spots. It was found that the main mechanism for the decrease in the efficiency of ablation by a scanning beam of radiation is the backflow of microparticles deposited on the target surface. The analysis of the energy balance of the aluminum ablation process is carried out.
Activation of reaction with participation of a solid metal by electrostatic charge energy on the metal
Authors:   Siberian State Industrial University, Goryushkin V. F. , Bendre Yu. V. ,   Siberian State Industrial University, Zaitsev N. S. ,   Siberian State Industrial University
Published: August 2021

There are quantitative parameters of an electric energy capacitor artificially created in a chemical reactor were measured in this article. One of the components of this capacitor is the studied samples. Moreover, there are qualitative and quantitative relationships between samples and the accumulated electrical energy reserve of a metal (titanium) in the volume of the surface layer. There is penetration depth of the electrostatic charge into the metal from the outside of the system, energy of the electric field in the dielectric (carbon tetrachloride) and the corrosion rate of titanium in carbon tetrachloride determinate the reserve of electrical energy of the metal. In accordance with these equations, it can be argued that an external message due to the electrostatic charge of titanium in the surface layer of electric energy in the amount for 50 J/mol leads to a 2-fold increase in the reaction rate. There’s an analogy was made in the result of exposure to the samples between other non-standard methods of activation of the chemical reactions and the message from outside of the electrostatic charge in this article. According to this, the developed method for increasing the internal energy of the metal in the surface layer is proposed to be called electrostatic activation, and the reactions are called electrostatic-chemical.
TiC – Cr3C2 – WC – NiCr – Mo – C cermet plasma coatings
Authors:   Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kalita V. I. , Radiuk A. A. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Komlev D. I. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mihai'lova A. B. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alpatov A. V. ,   Baikov Institute of metallurgy and materials science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Titov D. D.
Published: August 2021

Two bulk cermets TiC – WC – Cr3C2 – Ni 20 % Cr – Mo – 2.8% C after liquid-phase sintering at 1400 °C for 1 hour were used to manufacture powders for plasma spraying of coatings. Cermets were obtained with limited time of mechanical alloying at the stage of mixing. Plasma coatings were sprayed on a setup with a nozzle attached to a plasmatron for local protection of the sprayed particles from the air atmosphere. The content of WC – Cr3C2 – C in the cermets provided compensation for carbon losses at all stages of coating production and the formation of an annular zone, the volume of which determines the increase in the TiC content in the coatings by 20 % and the formation of additional carbides in the matrix. The microhardness of cermet with an initial carbide content of 60% is 15.26 – 16.83 GPa with a load on the indenter of 200 G and 20.91 – 24.68 GPa with a load on the indenter of 20 G, the difference was explained by a scale factor. The contribution of the microhardness of carbides to the microhardness of cermet with an initial carbide content of 60% was estimated according to the rule of mixtures, proceeding from their volume fraction and microhardness of cermet under a load on the indenter of 20 G. In the initial powder for spraying, this contribution is high, 33.19 GPa, close to Hardness TiC. The contribution of microhardness of carbides in the coating is lower, 28.09 GPa.
Kinetics of low-temperature aluminothermic reduction of iron tantalate
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gulyaeva R. I. , Klyushnikov A. M. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrova S. A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Udoeva L. Yu. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2021

The kinetics of low-temperature (900 – 1180 °C) reduction of iron tantalate (98.2 wt % FeTa2O6, 1.8 wt % Ta2O5, particle size < 0.1 mm) by excess aluminum (particle size < 0.14 mm) at the molar ratio Al:FeTa2O6 = 6 was studied. According to differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction, reduction is almost completed at 1180 °C, the metal products are TaFeAl, TaAl3, and Ta17Al12. Based on the results of thermokinetic calculations (Ozawa – Flynn – Wall and nonlinear regression methods), the formal mechanism of the process is represented by the Bna → CnC model, which includes two consecutive steps controlled by autocatalytically activated reactions. Kinetic parameters of the steps are: 1) Е1 = 429 kJ·mol–1, A1 = 1015.3 s–1; 2) Е2 = 176 kJ·mol–1, A2 = 103.9 s–1 (Ej is the activation energy, Aj is the preexponential factor). Prediction in the Bna → CnC model frames indicates the possibility of obtaining a reaction mixture containing ≥ 98 mol. % the final formal reduction product, with isothermal exposure in the temperature range of 1040 – 1120 °C during 1.5 – 5 minutes. The proposed model can be used to develop scientific foundations and substantiate technological modes for obtaining tantalum alloys from mineral and technogenic raw materials.
Solvatochromic effects in absorption and luminescence spectra and stability of emission quantum yield of carbon nanoparticles (part I)
Authors:   Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Kazaryan S. A. , Nevolin V. N. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Pilosyan S. Kh. ,   Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Science
Published: August 2021

The features of the solvatochromic effects of absorption (Ab) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, as well as the quantum yield of emission (QYE) of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by various methods from a mixture of citric acid and nitrogen-containing precursors, in protic and aprotic solvents have been studied. It has been shown that the parameters of the spectra Ab, PL and the QYE value of particle solutions to a large extent depend on the method, conditions and modes of synthesis, the method of modification and separation of CNPs, the types and composition of precursors, and also the fundamental properties and pH of solvents. In solvents with a dielectric constant of 4.5 – 109.5, the QYE value of particles varies in a wide range from 10.8 to 100.0 %, and the PL band peak shifts from 466.4 to 536.8 nm. The presence of strong solvatochromic effects in the spectra of Ab and PL particles was shown, and the important role of the processes of protonation and deprotonation of surface groups of CNPs was established. The influence of universal and specific interactions on the spectroscopic parameters of CNPs has been investigated, and a significant contribution to the solvatochromic effects of specific interactions has been demonstrated.
Copper Removal from Synthetic Water by Using Rice Husk Activated Carbon
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malik Alia Farhana , Hamidon Nuramidah ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: August 2021

One of the most efficient ways of replacing the existing traditional technique is the application of low-cost adsorbent. Rice husk (RH) is an abundant and inexpensive material and can be processed for various applications into activated carbon (AC). In the past couple of years, AC has also been used as an adsorbent. In addition, AC has wider used, such as removing water and wastewater from different contaminants. In this analysis, the raw rice husk for removing copper from synthetic water is treated and modified as activated carbon for copper (II). Using alkaline sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH, which has a different adsorbent dosage, rice husk was prepared. The parameters to be tested before and after the absorption process are pH, turbidity, total suspended solid, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of the synthetic water. The result obtained indicates that different dosages of adsorbent have different effects on the consistency of the water. The adsorbent dose used was 0.6g, 1.6g, 2.6g, 3.6g, and 4.6g, respectively. In short, an effort has been made on using rice husk as an adsorbent, as the major parts of the adsorbent were lignin and silica, which encouraged the adsorption process. Based on the previous rice husk activated carbon results, this has been verified that the activated carbon intensity will extract copper from the water sample.
La hechicerías en las tres regiones del Perú
Authors: Palomino Arana Helí , Rodríguez H. César , Ramírez Castilla Samuel
Published: August 2021

Como una supervivencia de las antiguas costumbres incaicas, prohibidas unas y legalizadas otras, de las cuales nos hablan con tanta minuciosidad los cronistas españoles, sobre todo Arriaga, Molina y Avila, subsisten todavía en el Perú, las antiguas hechicerías. En todos los pueblos del Perú, desde la costa con su Lima europeizada y alegre hasta las regiones más tristes de la sierra y la selva, se conserva la fe en los hechizos, los agüeros, las curaciones misteriosas, las prácticas exóticas, los remedios caseros, las hierbas milagrosas, el poder de los astros y el secreto de los brujos.
Optimization of Small Castor Seed (Ricinus Communis) Oil Extraction Yield Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: OMOTEHİNSE Ayodeji , OVUWORİE Godwin
Published: August 2021

The process conditions that affect the percentage yield of oil from small castor seed was optimized for maximum extraction. In this study, surface response methodology (RSM) that employed a two-factor, five-level factorial central composite design (CCD) was used. Thirteen (13) experiments with different combinations of reaction time and reaction temperature ranging from 1hr (60mins) to 10hrs (600mins) and 60oC to 100oC respectively were also performed. A quadratic model that is polynomial in nature was obtained to predict the percentage oil yield for the small castor seed. Within the experimental variables range, the optimal conditions were found to be 8.68hrs (520.92mins) and 94.14oC respectively. These values were fitted into the quadratic polynomial model that gave rise to the optimum value of small castor seed oil yield to be 55.76% with a p-value less than 0.05. The coefficient of determination R2 was obtained as 0.9530 representing 95.30% of variation in the original data. Our result also gave an adjusted R2 value of 91.95% and predicted R2 value of 66.59% which indicate that the model explains 67% variation in predicting original observations. The result of this study showed clearly the percentage yield of oil that could be extracted from small seeded varieties of castor seed and the optimum yield value possible at a certain reaction time and temperature. The result also established the reliability of response surface methodology to model and optimize the expression of oil from small seeded varieties of castor seed.
The Influence of Different Management Modes on the Potential of Moso Bamboo Carbon Sink Based on Survey Data of Yuhang and Lin’an
Authors: Zhang Shiyun , Chohan Irfan Mir , Deng Ye
Published: August 2021

Bamboo forest carbon sequestration has strong development potential in coping with global climate change. The management of Moso bamboo forest can exert its own strong carbon sequestration ability and promote farmers' income, which is the fundamental point of bamboo industry development and can integrate ecological, economic, and social benefits. In this study, two Moso bamboo forests with different management modes in Lin'an and Yuhang of Zhejiang Province were used as research points. Using the system dynamic thinking method, a dynamic system model was constructed to simulate the growth process of Moso bamboo and its carbon sink supply. Then comparative analysis was made of its carbon sink supply potential. It is easy for bamboo forest managers to change management measures according to their requirements and create a dynamic balance between ecology and economics when determining the optimum management mode for the bamboo forest under the supply potential of carbon sink. According to the study results, the carbon sink supply under the intensive model is the most ideal, while the carbon sink supply under the extensive peach blossom model is the least ideal.