bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Succinylation-Associated LncRNA Signature as the Prognosis of Colon Cancer Identified by an Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Siming , shen Cheng , Gu Jue , Li Jing , Jiang Xiaohui , Wu Zhijun , Shen Aiguo
Published: July 2022

Though treatment techniques and strategies for colon cancer (CC) enhanced, the 5-year survival rate has not been significantly improved. Succinylation and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are uncertain for the prognostic value in the CC patients. We applied to analyze and obtain succinylation-related lncRNA by coexpression in CC. A novel succinylation-related lncRNA model was constructed by univariate and lasso regression analysis and established principal component analysis (PCA), functional enrichment annotation, tumor immune environment, drug sensitivity and nomogram to verify the model, respectively. Six succinylation-related lncRNA in CC were finally confirmed and distinguish the survival status in our model which was statistically significant differ in training set, testing set, and entire set. The prognosis value with this model associated with age, gender, M0 stage, N2 stage, T3+T4 stage and Stage III+IV. The high-risk group showed a higher mutation rate than the low-risk group. We constructed a model predict overall survival for 1-, 3-, and 5-year with AUCs of 0.694, 0.729, and 0.802. Cisplatin and Temozolomide compounds possess sensitivity in the high-risk group. Our study provided novel insights into the value of the succinylation related lncRNA signature as a predictor of prognosis, which possess high clinical application value in the future.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the female partner of infertile couples undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET and subsequent reproductive outcomes
Authors: Wei Sanhua , Cheng Fang , Chang Zhenhua , Ren Xiaoyan , Liu Zheng , Liu Mengxin , Yang Tao , Ma Xuhui , Xie Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaohong
Published: July 2022

Background
Whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection alters the efforts of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and whether it is associated with reproductive outcomes are controversial. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the female partner of infertile couples and the reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET).
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis on 8117 women from infertile couples who underwent IVF/ICSI treatment at Tangdu Hospital Reproductive Medical Center in 2020 and evaluated the prevalence of HPV infection in these women. These HPV-infected female patients undergoing ART were divided into high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) (n = 130) and low-risk HPV (lr-HPV) groups (n = 94), and non-infected women patients formed the negative group (n = 126). All patients underwent a fresh-cycle embryo transfer or a frozen-embryo cycle transfer after a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle. We analyzed subsequent embryonic development and reproductive outcomes.
Results
Of the 8117 cases, 747 were infected with HPV (9.2%): 529 showed hr-HPV infection (70.82%; principally genotypes 16, 52, 53, 58, and 59); 175 exhibited lr-HPV infection (23.43%; primarily genotypes 6, 43, 44, 55, 61, and 81); and 43 cases were co-infected with hr-HPV and lr-HPV (5.76%). Except for the Day-3 good-quality embryo rate, there were no differences in ovum maturation, fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, live-birth, or miscarriage rates between women infected with HPV and non-infected women (p > 0.05); however, we noted a reduced miscarriage rate after logistic regression analyses (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03–0.84; p = 0.041). For single-male-factor-induced infertility in couples (sm-HPV), although we likewise observed no differences in ovum maturation, fertilization, or implantation rates (p > 0.05) between the sm-HPV group and the negative group, we discerned diminutions in the Day-3 good-quality embryo rate (46.01% vs. 70.04%, p = 0.013), clinical pregnancy rate (46.67% vs. 57.94%, P = 0.003), and live-birth rate (33.33% vs. 46.83%, p = 0.027); and an augmented miscarriage rate (11.11% vs. 4.76%, p = 0.003), respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that sm-HPV was a risk factor for decreased clinical pregnancy rate (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 2.31–7.53; p < 0.001) and live-birth rate (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.81–2.14; p = 0.045), and elevated miscarriage rate (OR, 6.83; 95% CI, 2.22–21.00 p = 0.001).
Conclusions
High-risk HPV infections are predominant in the female partners of infertile couples. HPV infection in these women was associated with decreased miscarriage rate, and single-male-factor infertility influenced reproductive outcomes in couples undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment—both potentially due to HPV infection in the couple.
The accuracy and usability of point-of-use fluoride biosensors: a field study in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Young Sera , Awuor Diana , Owuor Patrick , Thavarajah Walter , Kiprotich Karlmax , Aggarwal Rahul , Lucks Julius
Published: July 2022

Geogenic fluoride contaminates the water of tens of millions of people. However, many are unaware of the fluoride content due in part to shortcomings of detection methods. Biosensor tests are a relatively new approach to water quality testing that address many of these shortcomings but have never been tested by non-experts. We therefore sought to assess the accuracy and usability of a point-of-use fluoride biosensor using surveys and field tests in Nakuru County, Kenya. The biosensor tests accurately classified elevated fluoride (≥ 1.5 ppm) in 89.5% of the 57 samples tested. Usability was also high, with all participants able to use the test and all but one sample correctly interpreted. These data suggest that biosensor tests can provide accurate, meaningful water quality data to help non-experts make decisions about the water they consume. Further scaling of these technologies could provide new approaches to track global progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.
Psychological resilience mediates the association of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity with sleep quality
Authors: Shi Yan , Bai Youling , Zhang Li , Chen Yang , Liu Xiaoyi , Liu Yunpeng , Yin Huazhan
Published: July 2022

The ability to recover from stress, which is essential for sleep quality, is characterized as psychological resilience. Meanwhile, poor sleep quality is commonly related to low psychological resilience. However, the neurological underpinnings of psychological resilience, as well as the neural substrates of the links between psychological resilience and sleep quality in healthy brains, remain not well understood. Based on the recent studies that the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) acted a important role in psychological resilience. The current study sought to determine the association between functional connectivity of the MFG and psychological resilience in 144 young college students using resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis. Then, we examined how psychological resilience-related functional connectivity was linked to sleep quality. Results indicated that the MFG functional connectivity was observed to associate with psychological resilience. These connectivities involved the right middle cingulum gyrus (rMCG), the right precentral gyrus (rPreCG), the left postcentral gyrus (lPoCG), and the left thalamus. In addition, mediation analysis suggested that psychological resilience played a mediating role in the relationship among the rMFG-rMCG, the rMFG-rPreCG, the rMFG-lPoCG, and the lMFG-left thalamus and sleep quality. Overall, the current study offers new evidence for the neurological underpinnings of psychological resilience and brings to light an underlying mechanism that the relationship between MFG connectivity and sleep quality is mediated through psychological resilience.
A predictive model for thirty-day mortality of fungemia in ICUs
Authors: xie peng , wang wenqiang , Dong Maolong
Published: July 2022

Background: Few predictive models have been established to predict the risk of thirty-day mortality from fungemia. This study aims to create a nomogram to predict the 30-day mortality of fungemia in ICUs.Methods: Data of ICU patients with fungemia from both the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database and the Grade-III Class-A hospital in China were collected. The data extracted from the MIMIC-III database functioned as the training dataset, which was used to construct the predictive model for 30-day mortality risk in ICU patients with fungemia; the data from the hospital functioned as the validation dataset, which was used to validate the model. The predictive model for 30-day mortality risk in ICU patients with fungemia was then built based on R software. Such indicators as C-index and calibration curve were utilized to evaluate the prediction ability of the model. The data of ICU patients with fungemia from the hospital were used as the validation dataset to validate the model.Results: Predictive models were constructed by age, international normalized ratio (INR), renal failure, liver disease, respiratory rate (RR), glucocorticoid therapy, antifungal therapy, and platelets. The C-index value of the models was 0.838 (95% CI: 0.79096-0.88504). Attested by the external validation results, the model has satisfactory predictive ability.Conclusions: The 30-day mortality risk predictive model for ICU patients with fungemia constructed in this study has good predictive ability, and may hopefully provide a 30-day mortality risk screening tool for ICU patients with fungemia.
Differences in patients’ perception and satisfaction between paper-based and computer- based “Shared Decision-Making” consultation – an experience from a medical center in central Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jung-Chen , Tsai Shang-Feng , Liu Shih-An
Published: July 2022

We aimed to investigate the difference in patient’s perception and satisfaction between patients undergoing paper-based Shared decision-making (SDM) and those receiving computer-based. We retrospectively collected questionnaires before and after SDM. Basic demographic data as well as anxiety, satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and participation in SDM were recorded. We divided our population into subgroups according to paper-based or computer-based SDM. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships among variables. n total, 304 patients who visited our Division of Nephrology were included in the final analysis. Overall, over half of the patients felt anxiety (n = 217, 71.4%). The proportion of patients felt a reduction in anxiety after SDM (n = 143, 47.0%) and 281 patients (92.4%) were satisfied with the whole process of SDM. When we divided all of the patients based on paper-based or computer-based SDM, the reduction of anxiety level was greater in the patients who underwent paper-based SDM when compared with that of those who underwent computer-based SDM. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction with SDM between the two groups. Paper-based SDM was as effective as computer-based SDM. Further studies from non-Western countries are warranted to gain a more complete understanding of cultural issues related to SDM.
Dual-comb optical activity spectroscopy for the analysis of vibrational optical activity induced by external magnetic field
Authors: Peng Daowang , GU CHENGLIN , Zuo Zhong , Di Yuanfeng , Zou Xing , Tang Lulu , Deng Lunhua , Luo Daping , Liu Yang , Li Wen
Published: July 2022

Optical activity (OA) includes the structural information of (bio) molecular and chemical systems, which is widely utilized in the fields of molecular chirality, pharmaceutics and analytical chemistry. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), spectral measurements of absorption and dispersion induced by OA, are powerful tools and characterize molecular chirality, explore the stereo-specific structure and study the solution-state conformation of biological molecules. In terms of the OA analysis of molecules, detection sensitivity, spectral resolution and acquisition speed are the key indicators that have been pursued. In this paper, we show the unmatched potential of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in magnetic optical activity spectroscopy (MOAS) of gas-phase molecules with the resolution of hundred-MHz level and the high-speed measurement of sub-millisecond level. As a demonstration, we directly achieved the rapid, high-precision and high-resolution MOAS measurement of the nitrogen dioxide υ1 + υ3 band and the nitric oxide overtone band, which can be used to analyze fine structure of molecules. The novel approach of dual-comb optical activity spectroscopy (DC-OAS) paves the way for OA to become a routine approach for rapid characterization of the structural conformations of multiphase systems.
Serum extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs as potential biomarkers for pleural mesothelioma in a European prospective study
Authors: Casalone Elisabetta , Birolo Giovanni , Pardini Barbara , Allione Alessandra , Catalano Chiara , Russo Alessia , Mencoboni Manlio , Ferrante Daniela , Magnani Corrado , Sculco Marika , Dianzani Irma , Grosso Federica , Mirabelli Dario , Filiberti Rosa Angela , Rena Ottavio , Sacerdote Carlotta , Barranco Miguel Rodriguez , Smith-Byrne Karl , Panico Salvatore , Agnoli Claudia , Johnson Theron , Kaaks Rudolf , Tumino Rosario , Huerta Josè Maria , Riboli Elio , Heath Alicia , Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino , Schulze Matthias , Saieva Calogero , Amiano Pilar , Agudo Antonio , Weiderpass Elisabete , Vineis Paolo , Matullo Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

Background. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. Early therapeutic interventions could improve patient outcomes.We aimed at identifying a pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential early non-invasive markers of MPM.Methods.In a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition cohort, we screened the whole miRNome in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) of preclinical MPM cases, by means a next generation sequencing approach.In a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort, we screened the whole miRNome in serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from 80 pre-clinical cases of MPM (median time to diagnosis = 8 years) and 80 matched cancer-free controls.Results.We did not detect any miRNA in serum EVs significantly differentially expressed between 80 pre-clinical MPM and matched controls. On the other hand, in a subgroup of 20 preclinical samples collected five years prior MPM diagnosis, we observed an up-regulation of miR-11400 (Fold change =2.6, adjusted p-value=0.01), miR-148a-3p (Fold change =1.5, p-value=0.001) and miR-409-3p (Fold change =1.5, p-value=0.04) respect to matched controls. The three-miRNA panel showed a good classification capacity with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.81 (specificity=0.75, sensitivity=0.70). The diagnostic ability of the model was also evaluated in an independent retrospective cohort, yielding a higher predictive power (AUC = 0.86).Conclusions.A signature of EV miRNA can be detected up to five years before MPM; moreover, the identified miRNAs could provide functional insights into the molecular changes related to the late carcinogenic process, preceding MPM development. However, the potential role of the three identified miRNAs requires further validation in a larger independent MPM prospective study.
Risks of Second Non-Breast Primaries Following Breast Cancer in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Allen Isaac , Hassan Hend , Sofianopoulou Eleni , Eccles Diana , Turnbull Clare , Tischkowitz Marc , Pharoah Paul , Antoniou Antonis C.
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSecond primary cancer incidence is rising among breast cancer survivors. We examined the risks of non-breast second primaries, in combination and at specific cancer sites, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, seeking studies published by March 2022. We included studies that reported standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), with associated standard errors, assessing the combined risk of second non-breast primaries following breast cancer. We performed meta-analyses of combined second primary risks, stratifying by age, follow-up duration, and geographic region. We also assessed second primary risks at several specific sites, stratifying by age. The inverse-variance method with DerSimonian-Laird estimators was used in all meta-analyses, assuming a random-effects model. Associated biases and study quality were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. ResultsOne prospective and twenty-seven retrospective cohort studies were identified. SIRs for second non-breast primaries combined ranged from 0.84 to 1.84. The summary SIR estimate was 1.24 (95%CI: 1.14-1.36, I2: 99%). This varied by age: the estimate was 1.59 (95%CI: 1.36-1.85) when breast cancer was diagnosed before age 50, which was significantly higher than in women first diagnosed at 50 or over (SIR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.01-1.36, p for difference: < 0.001). SPC risks were also significantly higher when based on Asian, rather than European, registries (Asia - SIR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.29-1.67. Europe - SIR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04-1.28). There were significantly increased risks of second thyroid (SIR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.49-2.38), uterus (SIR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.53-2.23), ovary (SIR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.35-1.73), kidney (SIR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.17-1.73), oesophagus (SIR: 1.39, 95%CI: 1.26-1.55), skin (melanoma) (SIR: 1.34, 95%CI: 1.18-1.52), blood (leukaemia) (SIR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.17-1.45), lung (SIR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.03-1.51), stomach (SIR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.12-1.36) and bladder (SIR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05-1.26) primaries. ConclusionsBreast cancer survivors are at significantly increased risk of second primaries at many sites. Risks are higher for those diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 and in Asian breast cancer survivors compared to European breast cancer survivors. This study is limited by a lack of data on potentially confounding variables. The conclusions could inform clinical management decisions following breast cancer.
Blood-brain barrier opening in a large animal model using individualized closed-loop microbubble cavitation-based feedback control of focused ultrasound sonication
Authors: Chien Chih-Yen , Xu Lu , Pacia Christopher Pham , Yue Yimei , Chen Hong
Published: July 2022

Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubbles has been established as a promising technique for noninvasive and localized blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening. Real-time passive cavitation detection (PCD)-based feedback control of the FUS sonication is critical to ensure effective BBB opening without causing hemorrhage. This study evaluated the performance of an individualized closed-loop feedback controller for controlling FUS sonication in a porcine model. Calibration of the baseline cavitation level was performed for each targeted brain location by a FUS sonication in the presence of intravenously injected microbubbles at a low acoustic pressure without inducing BBB opening. The target cavitation level (TCL) was defined for each target based on the baseline cavitation level. FUS treatment was then performed under real-time PCD-based feedback controller to maintain the cavitation level at the TCL. After FUS treatment, contrast-enhanced MRI was performed to evaluate the BBB permeability. Safety evaluation was performed by in vivo MRI imaging followed by ex vivo histological staining. Safe and effective BBB opening was achieved with the BBB opening volume increased as the TCL increased. This study validated that effective and safe FUS-induced BBB opening in a large animal model can be achieved with individualized closed-loop feedback control of the FUS sonication.
A cross-sectional study to determine self-directed learning readiness amongst post-graduate trainees at Shifa International Hospital
Authors: Yasmin Saeeda , Ghafoor Hashaam Bin , Rabbani Ahmed Ehsan , Ayub Nasir , Subhani Fazal-e-Rabi , Danish Fazal-i-Akbar , Koul Salman Shafi
Published: July 2022

Background: Self-directed learning is a way of learning in which learner is the main regulator of learning and manages learning on its own according to the requirements. This concept implies that whatever a postgraduate trainee (PGT) will learn during his or her training is dependent on his self-ability to learn. Objective: To determine the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) among postgraduate trainees of multiple specialties and to examine factors affecting it.Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which self-directed learning readiness of PGTs working at Shifa International Hospital Islamabad was investigated using a 58-item validated SDLR questionnaire.Results: Mean SDLR score of females (213.36) was more than males (206.13). Maximum mean score of SDLR was found at age of 37(n=1) (252.00) and at 33years (n=10) (236.40), respectively. Highest mean SDLR score was found among PGTs of Gynecology and Obstetrics (n=28), (230.11). Meantotal SDLR score initially increased from 204.65 to 218.50 from 1st to 2nd year but then remained static and start dropping at regular pace and became lowest at 5th year (200.36). Mean total SDLR score was highest among PGTs of poor socioeconomic background 237.33. Departments in which research activities were ongoing their postgraduate trainees showed an average SDLR score of 215.41.Conclusion: Study concluded that self-directed learning readiness of PGTs of Gynecology was highest with average SDLR in General Medicine and General Surgery PGTs. The SDLR was found more among PGTs with poor socioeconomic status and in departments with high ongoing research activities. However, SDLR has not shown any significant difference regarding gender and age.
The cognitive screening intention of populations with high-risk for dementia in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tang Li , Zhao Yu , Li Wei-hua , Bu Fan , Zeng Qing-wei , Zhan Na-ni , Wang Zi-lin , Deng Xiao-hui , Lyu Qi-yuan
Published: July 2022

Background: Detecting cognitive impairment in its earliest stages can prevent or delay the onset of dementia. Despite many policies that support cognitive screening, the screening rate is only 10.6% in China. Limited evidence is available on the cognitive screening intention of populations at high risk for dementia and the predictors of cognitive screening. This study aimed to assess the cognitive screening intention of people at high risk for dementia and to identify potential predictors of their cognitive screening intention. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 205 subjects at high risk for dementia was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022 in two large communities in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire based on the planned behavior theory, including demographic characteristics and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) structures. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify predictors of cognitive screening intention. Results: The mean total score of cognitive screening intention was 8.54 ± 3.60, and 54% of the total number of subjects showed a intention to under cognitive screening. Religion, residence, family history of dementia, and health status were influencing factors of cognitive screening intention. Subject norms (r = 0.468, P < 0.01), perceived behavioral control (r = 0.695, P < 0.01), and attitude (r = 0.647, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with the intention. Fit indices indicated that the final structural model was well reflected, and that the research model was satisfactory. It was found that all hypotheses were supported. Based on the findings of the structural equation model, attitudes (path coefficient = 0.24, P < 0.01), subjective norms (path coefficient = 0.25, P < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (path coefficient = 0.43, P < 0.01) had significantly positive effects on behavioral intentions.Conclusions: Half of the population at high-risk for dementia in the present study had the intention to undergo cognitive screening. The screening behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a direct positive effect on screening behavior intentions. The perception of behavioral control was the strongest predictor of intent to undergo cognitive screening. Further studies are needed to establish the interventions to facilitate cognitive screening intention, and their perceived behavioral control deserves more attention.
Multi-millijoule terahertz emission from laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons
Authors: Kim Ki-Yong , Pak Teayu , Rezaei-Pandari Mohammad , Kim Sang Beom , Lee Geonwoo , Wi Dae Hee , Hojbota Calin , Mohammad Mirzaie , Kim Hyeongmun , Sung Jae Hee , Lee Seong Ku , Kang Chul
Published: July 2022

High-power terahertz radiation was observed to be emitted from a gas jet irradiated by 100-terawatt-class laser pulses in laser-wakefield acceleration of electrons. The emitted terahertz radiation was characterized in terms of its spectrum, polarization, and energy dependence on the accompanying electron bunch energy and charge under various gas target conditions. With a nitrogen target, more than 4 millijoule of energy was produced at < 10 terahertz with a laser-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of ~ 0.15%. Such strong terahertz radiation is hypothesized to be produced from plasma electrons accelerated by the ponderomotive force of the laser and plasma wakefields on the time scale of the laser pulse duration. This model is examined with analytic calculations and particle-in-cell simulations to better understand the generation mechanism of high-energy terahertz radiation in laser-wakefield acceleration.
Increasing food prices may cause up to a million deaths in 2023, even if Ukraine food exports are restored
Authors: Alexander Peter , Arneth Almut , Henry Roslyn , Maire Juliette , Rabin Sam , Rounsevell Mark
Published: July 2022

Global food prices are rising rapidly in response to a dramatic increase in global energy prices and the Ukraine-Russia war, causing severe impacts on the world’s poorest people. The FAO Food Price Index increased by 23% from May 2021 to May 2022 and the Cereals Price Index increased by 30%. Sanctions or blockades that restrict exports from Russia or Ukraine – two of the world’s most important food-exporting countries – are exacerbated by energy price rises which further increase food prices through higher costs for agricultural inputs, such as fertiliser. We consider the role of increasing agricultural input costs and the curtailment of exports from Russia and Ukraine to quantify the potential outcomes on human health and the environment. We show that the combination of agricultural inputs costs and food export restrictions could increase food costs by 60-100% in 2023 from 2021 levels, leading to the deaths of 400 thousand to 1 million additional people in 2023 and undernourishment of 60-110 million people. Furthermore, a reduction in land use intensification, arising from higher input costs, leads to agricultural land expansion, especially in the tropics, with potential consequences for deforestation and carbon and biodiversity loss. We find that the impact of agricultural input costs on food prices is larger than the effect of the curtailment of exports from Russia and Ukraine. Restoring food trade from Ukraine and Russia alone would be insufficient to substantially reduce the magnitude of the current food insecurity problem. We contend that the immediacy of the food export problems associated with the Ukraine-Russia war has diverted attention away from the principal causes of current global food insecurity, which may hinder the quest to find solutions.
Impact of attributes of people with mental disorders on barriers to access to care: a web-based survey
Authors: Tamura Masaki , Oshima Fumiyo , Hongo Minako , Oshita Emiko , Shimizu Eiji
Published: July 2022

Background: Despite the availability of evidence-based treatments and support measures for mental disorders, very few people with mental disorders seek treatment and use mental health services. Previous studies have shown that barriers to access to care, such as the treatment stigma experienced by patients, practical issues such as financial deprivation, and problems related to patients’ attitudes toward receiving care, cause delay in using medical services. However, there is insufficient knowledge regarding patient attributes which increases the likelihood of people with mental disorders to experience substantial barriers to access to care.This study aimed to investigate how patients’ attributes such as gender, age, history of hospitalisation for treatment of mental disorder, and psychiatric diagnosis affect barriers to access to care for people with mental disorders. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a web-based survey conducted by Hongo et al. on standardising the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation scale version3-Japanese version (BACEv3-J). Hongo et al. selected 268 adults diagnosed with mental disorders who had received mental health services within the past 12 months. Participants responded online using the BACEv3-J. Then, we quantitatively examined the effects of their attributes on the total BACEv3-J score and subscale (treatment stigma and non-stigma) scores. Results: Compared with men, women experienced more substantial barriers to access to care, particularly non-stigma-related barriers. Age and treatment stigma had a significant negative correlation, whereas age and non-stigma-related barriers had no significant correlation. History of hospitalisation for treatment of mental disorders and the difference in psychiatric diagnosis did not affect barriers to access to care. Conclusion: This study showed that patients’ attributes such as gender and age affect barriers to access to care. Further, to encourage people with mental disorders to receive care, their characteristics need to be considered during these interventions.
Silver MMZ catalysed greener synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives using phenylenediamine and β-ketoesters
Authors: Thangapriya Cheirmakani , Ilaamirthamani Simsonrubarathinam , Kumarraja⃰ Mayilvasagam
Published: July 2022

A novel and recyclable silver catalyst with hybrid porous structure was synthesized and employed as a catalyst for the synthesis of benzodiazepinone derivatives. The reported reaction was very clean and obtained products were highly selective with excellent yields. The as prepared catalyst was structurally characterized by electron microscopic methods. The other advantages of the reported catalyst are smoother pathway, functional tolerance and its recyclability are also highlighted with a suitable mechanism.
May microbial ecological baseline exist in continental groundwater?
Authors: Zhong sining , Zhou Shungui , Liu Shufeng , Wang Jiawen , Dang Chenyuan , Chen Qian , Hu Jinyun , Yang Shanqing , Deng Chunfang , Li Wenpeng , Liu Juan , Borthwick Alistair G.L. , Ni Jinren
Published: July 2022

Background
Ecological baseline as a fundamental reference with less human interference is of great significance for understanding ecological evolution and global biogeochemical cycles, but the existence of microbial ecological baseline on subsurface groundwater is still an open question so far.
Results
Based on the high-throughput sequencing information derived from a national monitoring of 733 newly constructed wells, we find that the groundwater microbial communities exhibit significant lateral diversity gradient, and gradually approach the topsoil microbial latitudinal diversity gradient with decreasing burial depth of phreatic water. Moreover, Patescibacteria act as keystone taxa that harmonize microbes in shallower aquifers and accelerate decline in bacterial diversity with increasing well-depth, though Proteobacteria are most abundant in the groundwater bacterial community of 74 phyla. Decreasing habitat niche breadths with increasing well-depth suggests a general change in relationship among key microbes from closer cooperation in shallow to stronger competition in deep groundwater. Unlike surface-water microbes, microbial communities in pristine groundwater are predominantly shaped by deterministic processes, potentially associated with nutrient sequestration under dark and anoxic environments in aquifers.
Conclusions
By unveiling the biogeography and ecological driver of microbes in pristine groundwater throughout China, we firstly confirm the existence of groundwater microbial ecological baseline (GMEB) in shallower aquifers, and highlights the importance of GMEB in evaluation of anthropogenic impacts on the unknown subterranean ecosystems.
Intradermal and intramuscular vaccination with a modified live vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 1 (PRRS1) induce similar levels of neutralising antibodies or interferon-gamma secreting cells in the presence of maternally derived antibodies
Authors: Aguirre Laia , Li Yanli , Baratelli Massimiliano , Martín-Valls Gerard , Cortey Martí , Miranda Joel , Martín Marga , Mateu Enric
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the immune response generated by the intramuscular and the intradermal vaccination route against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Piglets from a seronegative and a seropositive farm were selected (n = 28 piglets per farm), and each group was divided into two groups and vaccinated at weaning with modified live vaccine Unistrain® PRRS (Laboratorios Hipra Amer, Spain) by the intramuscular or the intradermic route. For the following 6 weeks, animals were weekly bled to assess the humoral response by PRRSV-specific antibody ELISA and viral neutralisation test. At 0-, 3-, 4- and 6 weeks post-vaccination, peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) from eight animals per group were recovered to analyse cellular response by IFN-γ ELISPOT and lymphoproliferation. Serum IL-12 was also quantified by ELISA. Results showed no significant differences between treatments for any of the parameters studied. However, pigs from the seronegative origin had higher dispersion in S/P ratios by ELISA (Levene’s test for homogeneity of variances, p < 0.05). At 3 weeks after vaccination, 6/27 (22.22%) animals from negative origin had not seroconverted. Also, it was 10 times more probable for them to have high levels of IL-12 a week after vaccination than for animals of seropositive origin. These results indicate that the intradermal route induces an immune response equivalent to the classical intramuscular route even in presence of maternal immunity, which in this study has proven to facilitate seroconversion after vaccination.
Theoretical Models for Gas Separation Prediction of Mixed Matrix Membranes: Effects of the Shape Factor of Nanofillers and Interface Voids
Authors: Chehrazi Ehsan
Published: July 2022

In this work, a new model is developed by modifying the existing Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) model to predict the gas separation properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The new modified MWS model, for the first time, provides the simultaneous exploration of the role of nanofillers/matrix interface voids and the exact geometrical shape of nanofillers in predicting the gas separation properties of MMMs. To unveil the crucial role of nanofillers/matrix interface voids by the new model, a mixed matrix membrane is considered as a three-component system composed of the polymer matrix as the continuous component, nanofillers as the dispersed component and the interface voids between the two components. Moreover, the new model elucidates the role of the exact ellipsoidal shape of nanofillers within the membrane on the gas separation of MMMs by considering the shape factor of nanofillers. The new developed modified MWS model is accurately able to predict the gas permeation of MMMs with a lower average absolute relative error (%AARE) of around 8% compared with the around 30% for conventional models such as the Maxwell model, Bruggeman model, Lewis-Nielsen model and Pal model and even compared with the modified Maxwell model (~ 24%).
Risk factors of posttraumatic empyema in diaphragmatic injuries
Authors: García Alberto Federico , Rodríguez Fernando , Sánchez Álvaro , Caicedo-Holguín Isabella , Gallego Carlos , Naranjo María Paula , Caicedo Yaset , Burbano Daniela , Currea-Perdomo Diana Felisa , Ordoñez Carlos A , Puyana Juan Carlos
Published: July 2022

Background: Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries are associated with a high incidence of posttraumatic empyema. We analyzed the contribution of trauma severity, specific organ injury, contamination severity, and surgical management to the risk of Posttraumatic empyema in patients who underwent surgical repair of diaphragmatic injuries at a level 1 trauma center.Methods: This is a retrospective review of the patients who survived more than 48 hours. Univariate OR calculations were performed to identify potential risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted ORs and identify independent risk factors.Results: We included 192 patients treated from 2011 to 2020. There were 169 (88.0) male. The mean interquartile range, (IQR) of age was 27 (22 - 35) years. Gunshot injuries occurred in 155 subjects (80.7%). Mean (IQR) NISS and ATI were 29 (18 - 44) and 17 (10 - 27), respectively. Thoracic AIS was >3 in 38 patients (19.8%). Hollow viscus was injured in 105 cases (54.7%). Stomach in 65 (33.9%), colon in 52 (27.1%), small bowel in 42 (21.9%), and duodenum in 10 (5.2%). Visible contamination was found in 76 patients (39.6%).Potential thoracic contamination was managed with a chest tube in 128 cases (66.7%), with transdiaphragmatic pleural lavage in 42 (21.9%), and with Video Assisted Thoracoscopy Surgery or thoracotomy in 22 (11.5%). Empyema occurred in 11 patients (5.7%). Multiple Logistic Regression identified thoracic AIS >3 (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.77 – 23. 43), and visible contamination (OR 5.13, 95% IC 1.26 – 20.90) as independent risk factors. The individual organ injured, or the method used to manage the thoracic contamination did not affect the risk of posttraumatic empyema.Conclusion: The severity of the thoracic injury and the presence of visible abdominal contamination were identified as independent risk factors of empyema after penetrating diaphragmatic trauma.
Protective efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii bivalent MAG1 and SAG1 DNA vaccine against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice
Authors: Cao Lili , Liu Juan , Cao Songgao , Zhao Panpan , Ding He , Yuan Shuxian , Sun Xingzhong , Dong Hang , Guo Yanbing , Wang Nan , Gong Pengtao
Published: July 2022

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is capable of infecting a wide range of warm-blooded animals, causing a worldwide epidemic of zoonotic toxoplasmosis. SAG1 protein is expressed at the proliferative tachyzoite stage, whereas MAG1 is expressed at the bradyzoite and tachyzoite stages. These two proteins display protective roles in previous studies, however, there synergetic protective efficacy as a DNA vaccine against toxoplasmosis has not been clarified.Methods: In this study, we amplified TgMAG1 and TgSAG1 genes and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+). The pcDNA3.1(+)-TgMAG1 (pMAG1), pcDNA3.1(+)-TgSAG1 (pSAG1), pcDNA3.1(+)-TgMAG1-TgSAG1 (pMAG1-SAG1) plasmids were transfected into HEK-293 cells and each protein was verified in vitro through western blot. Then, mice were intramuscularly immunized with pMAG1, pSGA1 or pMAG1-SGA1, and anti-T. gondii IgG levels were measured in the serum. Cytokines levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in mice splenocytes culturing supernatants were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Immunized mice were challenged with T. gondii tachyzoites with lethal doses followed by determination of mortality, whereas mice infected with low dose tachyzoites followed by monitoring the parameters of survival rate and parasites burden analysis of brains and livers.Results: The pMAG1, pSGA1 or pMAG1-SGA1 exhibited well reactogenicity with expected band sizes of 17.843 kDa, 15.572 kDa, 33.415 kDa, respectively. The immunized mice triggered significantly high levels of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in comparison with that in the negative control groups, moreover pMAG1-SGA1 immune achieved the highest levels. The DNA vaccines also led to obvious IFN-γ release from splenocytes culturing supernatants, whereas had no role in the IL-4 and IL-10. The protective efficacy results showed that DNA vaccines immunization prolonged the acute infection mice survival time to 14 d, 16 d, 32 d. Consistently, the liver and brain parasites in each immunization group were significantly reduced comparing with PBS control group.Conclusions: This study revealed that bivalent TgMAG1 and TgSAG1 DNA vaccine displayed excellent protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice. These data provide new sight into the development of Toxoplasma gondii vaccines.
The friction mechanics model within chip-tool-workpiece dual interfaces for cutting nickel based superalloy at the cooling and lubrication conditions of the three forms oil-on-water mist in wide temperature range
Authors: Ma Furong , Tang Linhu , Zhang Jihui , Hu Yanjun , Li Baodong , Sun Yongji
Published: July 2022

Nickel based superalloy has been extensively applied in the critical mechanical bearing components, such as aeroengine owing to its excellent performance at high temperature, but its machinability has always been dissatisfied. In order to improve processing efficiency, reduce cost, and decrease environmental pollution, in this paper, the friction mechanics model within chip-tool-workpiece dual interfaces was established in turning of S-type difficult-to-machine nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 utilizing the PVD TiAlN coated carbide tool under the cooling and lubrication conditions of three forms oil-on-water mist in wide temperature range (-30 ℃ ~ 150 ℃)(high temperature oil-on-water mist (150 ℃), normal temperature oil-on-water mist (20 ℃), and low temperature oil-on-water mist (-30 ℃)). Meanwhile the influence law and mechanism of the cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed on the three-way cutting forces, friction coefficient between chip-tool-workpiece dual interfaces, and normal stress and tangential stress in chip-tool interface have been studied. The results showed that the lowest and highest friction coefficient within chip-tool interface was obtained at the conditions of the high temperature oil-on-water mist (HTOoW) and the normal temperature oil-on-water mist (NTOoW), respectively. The most notable influence of the low temperature oil-on-water mist (LTOoW) on the strain hardening, strain rate hardening, and thermal softening of the materials occurred.
Analysis of dynamics of fusion solitons of the generelized (3+1)-Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Authors: Isah Muhammad Abubakar , Yokus Asif
Published: July 2022

The aim of this paper is to introduce a generalized (3+1)-Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation which is used to describe waves in a ferromagnetic medium. The equation's bilinear form is created and an ansatz as the combination of the exponential and hyperbolic sine function based on the Hirota bilinear form is used to find numerous novel precise solutions. These accurate solutions, which are depicted in the contour, two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs, show the evolution of periodic characteristics. The modulation instability is used to investigate the the stability of the obtained solutions. Additionally, the development of the fusion soliton is be examined, as well as the fusion phenomenon in the traveling wave solution described in the physical discussion. For this evolution equation, the study indicates new mechanical structures and various characteristics. The derived results back up the model that was proposed. These discoveries open up a new avenue for us to investigate the concept further.
Stakeholders’ perspectives of a prospective interactive wearable system for upper extremity rehabilitation following stroke: A qualitative study
Authors: Yang Chieh-ling , Chui Rochelle , Mortenson W. Ben , Servati Peyman , Servati Amir , Tashakori Arvin , Eng Janice J
Published: July 2022

Background: Wearable sensor technology can facilitate diagnostics and monitoring of people with upper extremity (UE) paresis after stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives of clinicians, people living with stroke, and their caregivers on an interactive wearable system that detects UE movements and provides feedback. Methods: This qualitative description study used semi-structured interviews relating to the perspectives of a prospective interactive wearable system including a wearable sensor to capture UE movement and a user interface to provide feedback as the means of data collection. Ten rehabilitation therapists, 9 people with stroke, and 2 caregivers participated in this study.Results: Four themes were identified (1) “Everyone is different” highlighted the need for addressing individual user’s rehabilitation goal and personal preference; (2) “The wearable system should identify UE and trunk movements” emphasized that in addition to arm, hand, and finger movements, detecting compensatory trunk movements during UE movements is also of interest; (3) “Both quality and amount of movements are necessary to measure” described the parameters related to how well and how much the user is using their affected UE that participants envisioned the system to monitor; (4) “Functional activities should be practiced by the users” outlined UE movements and activities that are of priority in designing the system.Conclusions: Narratives from clinicians, people with stroke, and their caregivers offer insight into the design of interactive wearable systems. Future studies examining the experience and acceptability of existing wearable systems from end-users are warranted to guide the adoption of this technology.
Deficits in psychological resilience and problem-solving ability in adolescents with suicidal ideation
Authors: Xu Lin , Zhou Chendi , Zhang Zhongwen , Li Gen , Lu Weicong , Tian Xinhe , Huang Hebin , Li Danping , Yuan Tifei , Yin Jie , Lin Kangguang
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the characteristics and differences of psychological resilience and problem-solving ability in grade one junior middle school adolescents with or without suicidal ideation, focusing on the relationship between these factors and suicidal ideation.Methods: Ninety-nine adolescents (aged 10 to 14) were divided into Suicidal Ideation (SI, n=49) and Non-Suicidal Ideation (NSI, n=50) group by the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). The Psychological Resilience Scale (PRS) and Tower of Hanoi task (TOH) were applied to assess psychological resilience and problem-solving ability, respectively.Results: The SI group scored significantly lower than the NSI group on PRS (p< 0.001), and performed more poorly on TOH than the NSI group, with more mistakes in the number of errors index (p< 0.001) and longer time in the task completion time index (p< 0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between PRS and SIOSS (r = -0.413, p< 0.01). The sub-dimensions of PRS including emotional control, family support, and interpersonal assistance were significantly negatively correlated with the SIOSS total score (r = -0.361, - 0.360, - 0.382; p< 0.01).Conclusions: Our data suggest that adolescents with SI may have deficits in psychological resilience and problem-solving ability, which may serve as potential targets for intervention for suicidal ideation.