bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mein "Mein Vati sagt: Wir können nichts für den Klimawandel und er betrifft uns auch nicht."
Authors: Krug Alexandria
Published: May 2021

Mythen sind ein virulentes Merkmal der Klimawandeldebatte und vereinen Klimawandelleugner*innen mit Fake News generierenden Überzeugungen. Gleichzeitig ist sich der Großteil der wissenschaftlichen Community einig, dass der Klimawandel ein existentes Phänomen ist, das maßgeblich durch den Menschen beeinflusst wird. Diese Spannung gilt es darzulegen. Dazu wird im ersten Schritt ein Überblick über verbreitete Mythen im Klimawandeldiskurs gegeben, die durch Referenz auf Erkenntnisse der Klimawandelforschung diskutiert und in kritischer Perspektive betrachtet werden. Weiterhin wird der Transfer zu einer legitimierenden Explikation eines diskursiven Umgangs mit der Klimawandelproblematik aus bildungstheoretischer Sicht hergestellt, da in diesem Kurzbeitrag die Vorstellung eines Dissertationsprojekts erfolgt, das sich transdisziplinär mit mentalen Modellen zum Klimawandel von Grundschulkindern beschäftigt. Hierbei sind die klimaethischen Dimensionen und gerechtigkeits- sowie verantwortungstheoretischen Perspektiven ein Kernanliegen. Abschließend soll das Philosophieren mit Kindern als synergetisches Prinzip die nötige kritisch-reflexive Auseinandersetzung mit der Klimawandelthematik konkretisieren.
At the intersection of Myth and Science: Protoscience in ancient Mesopotamian Omens and the Hebrew Bible’s Primeval History
Authors: Rogers Sandy
Published: May 2021

In "At the intersection of Myth and Science: Protoscience in ancient Mesopotamian Omens and the Hebrew Bible’s Primeval History," I use ancient Mesopotamian Omens and the Primeval History of the Hebrew Bible as examples of ancient protoscience. I show how the intellectual curiosity was mixed with understandings of the divine world.
“Objektive“ Beobachtung in der frühkindlichen Bildungsforschung
Authors: Bednarski Franziska
Published: May 2021

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Bedeutung der standardisierten Beobachtung in der frühkindlichen Bildungsforschung. Mit dem Hintergrund meines Dissertationsthemas werden Vor- und Nachteile der Methode diskutiert. Es wird außerdem auf die Frage eingegangen, ob eine standardisierte Beobachtung “objektiv“ sein kann oder ob es sich um einen Mythos ihrer Disziplin handelt.
Talking with ‘Others’: Experiences and perspective transformation in a short-term study abroad program
Authors: Chiocca Emmanuelle S.
Published: May 2021

With the growth of short-term study abroad programs comes the need to develop impactful curricula and to provide supportive environments for deep learning abroad that is more than “upgraded” tourism but rather focused on educational outcomes. This qualitative case study investigates the experiences of five study abroad participants in Israel. Drawing from multiple data sources within an interpretive framework, the purpose of this study is to understand student experiences abroad. Data was analyzed inductively and thematically. Findings suggest that the holistic experience was anchored by (1) directed and diverse conversations, (2) hermeneutical reflections, (3) emotional disequilibrium, (4) intercultural competence development, and (5) student engagement in a classroom culture, which acted together as a gestalt. Results highlight the importance of dialogue, both with locals and within the classroom community, for transformative learning. These findings encourage international educators to provide instructional frames that encourage students to engage with local communities in critical ways.
Global Literature in Tandem with Study Abroad: Cultivating Intercultural Competence for Preservice Teachers
Authors: Medina Adriana , Kiefel Karoline
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine how literature study and study abroad, in combination as methods of internationalization, influence preservice teachers’ (PSTs) intercultural competence and potential future classroom practices. Elementary education PSTs studied abroad in Germany for five weeks. As part of the preparation, they read a German novel identified as global literature. While abroad, they saw the corresponding movie and had conversations with German peers to better understand it within its cultural context. Three sources of data - My Cultural Awareness Profile, a Germany Questionnaire, and a Critical Blueprint novel reflection essay – were analyzed. To better connect experiential learning abroad to future teaching, faculty guided PSTs to critically examine their pre- and post-responses. The findings indicate global literature is effective to begin to shift PSTs cultural perspectives. In combination, literature study and study abroad bring a global perspective to teacher preparation that can cultivate PSTs’ intercultural competence.
An Intersectional Investigation of Study Abroad Intent among Latino/a and White First-generation College Students
Authors: Goldstein Susan B. , Lopez Henry N.
Published: May 2021

Despite a marked increase in study abroad participation in recent decades, first-generation students and Students of Color remain vastly underrepresented.  The current study sought to expand the extant literature on first-generation and Latino/a students’ study abroad participation by applying an intersectional approach to identifying predictors of study abroad intent.  A total of 478 undergraduates (Latino/a and White; first-generation and continuing-generation) completed a questionnaire based on previously identified predictors of study abroad intent.  Separate binary logistic regression analyses for each of the four (ethnicity x generational status) subgroups indicated that personality and intercultural variables predicted intent to study abroad solely for the White continuing-generation students. Exposure to study abroad was a primary predictor of intent across subgroups, yet significant between-group differences emerged regarding the source and extent of this exposure. Implications for study abroad advising and inclusive participation are discussed.
Communicating Ethical Engagement Abroad: A Content Analysis of Service-Learning Study Abroad Third-Party Provider Websites
Authors: Vann Nabi Hannah , Estes Brewer Pam
Published: May 2021

This article shares the results of a study that analyzed the website content of eight third-party providers that offer service-learning study abroad programs to college students. The study looked specifically at the information about service-learning projects and how host communities, community partners, and target populations are portrayed or represented within that content. Data are analyzed through the lens of two ethical guidelines for international service-learning defined by The Forum on Education Abroad: prioritization of human dignity and community autonomy; and recognizing the risk of paternalism, exploitation, and neocolonial behavior. The findings of this study serve to provide baseline data about the public information shared by international service-learning program providers about service projects and partners as well as insights into how organizations that produce web content about service-learning partnerships can design information that meets ethical standards related to upholding dignity, respecting autonomy, and challenging paternalism.
Education abroad: Bridging scholarship and practice
Authors: Jones Abbey
Published: May 2021

In their new book, Ogden, Streitwieser, and Van Mol (2021) create an accessible and succinct collection of some of the most salient areas of research in education abroad (p. 4). Authors from many countries contributed to each chapter, creating a five-part book that is a well-organized synthesis of the present-day field. Education Abroad: Bridging Scholarship and Practice is a welcome addition to the field and would be an excellent read for both novice and experienced scholars, as well as practitioners working at all levels. Each chapter examines key issues in education abroad and includes a history of the topic as well as possible directions for further research, guiding audiences at all levels to further exploration.
Study Abroad Strengths-Based Curriculum: Advancing Self-Reflection and Relationship-Building Leadership Skills
Authors: Moldenhauer Liz , Osland Melissa , Waterbury Theresa
Published: May 2021

Immersion in a strengths-based, study abroad program provides extensive opportunity for leadership growth. Navigating the unknown adds to the challenge students experience during their student-organized activities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how a strengths-based curricula design advanced the leadership competency levels of self-reflection and relationship building during a graduate, short-term study abroad program. The findings show that before and during the program, self-reflection led to thoughtful discussions, which led to valuing differences. Self-reflection contributed to deeper self-awareness of how an individual’s primary strengths and blind spots led to mutual respect. On-going mutual respect enhanced relationships through appreciation for diversity. The strengths-based knowledge aided in acknowledging and valuing differences in one another, which positively impacted relationships.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Bacteria Isolated from Bloodstream Infections: A Single-Center Evaluation
Authors: Çelik Cem , Taşkın-Kafa Ayşe Hümeyra , Hasbek Mürşit , Büyüktuna Seyit Ali
Published: May 2021

Objective: Enterococci are an important cause of healthcare-related bloodstream infections. The present study aimed to contribute to form empirical treatment models that can be used in the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections in our hospital by reviewing their resistance status against antibiotics, requently used in the treatment of these bacteria. Methods: In our study, the resistance status of E. faecalis and E. faecium bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections in Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Health Services Practice and Research Hospital between January 2015 and June 2020 against ampicillin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, high-level gentamicin, linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin was examined retrospectively. The diagnosis of healthcare-related bloodstream infections was made using the diagnostic criteria of “Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC).” Results: A total of 227 enterococcal isolates were evaluated within the scope of our study between the specified dates. The percentage of patients with Enterococcus bacteria isolated in their blood cultures were 44.5% male, and 55.5% female. Of the isolates, 60.8% were identified as E. faecalis and 39.2%as E. faecium. High-level gentamicin resistance was found to be 25.3% in E. faecalis isolates, and no resistance was found against vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. In E. faecium isolates, while the highest resistance was observed against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin with 87.6%, vancomycin resistance was determined to be 3.3%. No resistance to linezolid was identified. Conclusions: Enterococci cause life-threatening infections and there are some difficulties in the treatment. Especially since E. faecium has higher resistance against antibiotics, the agents to be chosen in the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria are limited. Therefore, the current local resistance data will be useful in developing rapid and appropriate treatment models, especially in cases when empirical treatment is required. We think that our study will contribute to the literature in this regard.
Overview of Configuring Adaptive Activation Functions for Deep Neural Networks - A Comparative Study
Authors: Haoxiang Wang , S Smys
Published: May 2021

Recently, the deep neural networks (DNN) have demonstrated many performances in the pattern recognition paradigm. The research studies on DNN include depth layer networks, filters, training and testing datasets. Deep neural network is providing many solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE). This research article comprises of many activation functions for each neuron. Besides, these activation networks are allowing many neurons within the neuron networks. In this network, the multitude of the functions will be selected between node by node to minimize the classification error. This is the reason for selecting the adaptive activation function for deep neural networks. Therefore, the activation functions are adapted with every neuron on the network, which is used to reduce the classification error during the process. This research article discusses the scaling factor for activation function that provides better optimization for the process in the dynamic changes of procedure. The proposed adaptive activation function has better learning capability than fixed activation function in any neural network. The research articles compare the convergence rate, early training function, and accuracy between existing methods. Besides, this research work provides improvements in debt ideas of the learning process of various neural networks. This learning process works and tests the solution available in the domain of various frequency bands. In addition to that, both forward and inverse problems of the parameters in the overriding equation will be identified. The proposed method is very simple architecture and efficiency, robustness, and accuracy will be high when considering the nonlinear function. The overall classification performance will be improved in the resulting networks, which have been trained with common datasets. The proposed work is compared with the recent findings in neuroscience research and proved better performance.
Formulação de Problemas no ensino de Função Afim: preferências, saberes e vivências dos estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Simões Campos Mylena , Oliveira Altoé Renan , Scorziello Feitosa da Silva Lais
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma experiência de Formulação de Problemas em Matemática que teve como objetivo aproximar os estudantes da prática de Formulação de Problemas no ensino de Função Afim, levando-os a formularem e a resolverem seus próprios problemas de Matemática para o ensino e aprendizagem. Foi desenvolvida em uma turma de 1ª Série do Ensino Médio, de uma Escola Pública Estadual, no município de Marataízes–ES. De natureza qualitativa, os dados foram produzidos no decorrer da etapa de regência do Estágio Supervisionado III, do Curso Superior de Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), campus Cachoeiro de Itapemirim–ES. Os estudantes foram convidados a formularem problemas que contemplassem a Lei de Formação de Função Afim. A análise dos dados nos permitiu concluir que os estudantes se aproximaram da Formulação de Problemas nas aulas de Matemática, cuja prática reforçou o protagonismo discente e o desenvolvimento da argumentação e do pensamento crítico, importantes na aprendizagem, permitindo revelar preferências, saberes e vivências dos estudantes nos problemas formulados, gerando motivação em aprender Matemática.
Número Racional com o Significado de Fração: aspecto relacional, ordenação, equivalência e representações
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Gomes de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo é sobre uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do número racional, com o significado de frações, bem como suas ordenações e equivalências. Alunos de 7º ano da Educação Básica, de uma escola pública paulista, que demonstraram nenhum entendimento para qualquer significado do número racional, vivenciaram atividades didático-pedagógicas, sistematizadas para promoverem o desenvolvimento e a coordenação de competências e habilidades associadas ao número racional, tais como: observar, realizar e compreender. As atividades basearam-se em pressupostos teóricos, considerando o aspecto relacional para o entendimento de uma fração e o papel das representações semióticas na elaboração de conceitos matemáticos. Dados dessas atividades foram qualitativamente analisados em função do referencial teórico da pesquisa. Conforme os resultados, a utilização do aspecto relacional para o conceito de fração e de tratamento e conversões entre representações, foi fundamental para a elaboração do significado do número racional como fração e para sua ordenação. No entanto, para o conceito de equivalência os resultados mostrados por todos os alunos foram difusos, permitindo inferir sua não consolidação dada a não permanência conceitual em detrimento das frações utilizadas e de suas representações. A conclusão é que, para esses alunos, a compreensão do número racional, com o significado de relação parte-todo e suas ordenações, foi significativamente elaborada tendo em vista o aspecto relacional e suas representações.
ALOE VERA AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Elseena Jose  , Shilpa Joseph  , Mariya Joy
Published: May 2021

Aloe Vera is used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The botanical name is Aloe barbadensis miller. It belongs to the Liliaceae family. It is also called the healing plant or the silent healer, because of its wound and burn healing properties. Latex and gel are the two basic products of Aloe leaves. The latex and gel contain biologically active components. Polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaf attribute most of the health benefits associated with Aloe Vera. Aloe was available as pills, ointments, jellies, sprays, drinks, etc. The important application aloe Vera was wound healing, treating burns, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, protection against skin damage from x-rays, lung cancer, intestinal problems, increasing HDL, reducing LDL, reducing blood glucose in diabetics, fighting against acquired immune deficiency (AIDS), allergies, etc. The aloe Vera plant, its biological properties are briefly reviewed in this article.
Das westlykische Daidala in der Kaiserzeit: Eine neue Inschrift und historische Überlegungen
Authors: TİETZ Werner
Published: May 2021

In this article, the first inscription is presented that without any doubt was originally found at the archaeological site of İnlice (Muğla/Fethiye). The text from late Hellenistic/early imperial times hints at the place belonging to the Rhodian Peraia at the time of its creation. The fact that Daidala is left out in the Stadiasmus from Patara from AD 45 is explained by Daidala belonging to the state of Rhodes and thus not included in the imperial building program.
Ergänzungen in den lykisch-griechischen Fragmenten TL 45 und TL 45B
Authors: SCHÜRR Diether
Published: May 2021

The beginning of the Lycian text TL 45 is restored with the usual topicalization of the direct object, but with the verb not appearing until line 3. The content of the sentence does not corre-spond to the first sentence of the Greek version. In this version, the title and the names of the archonts Hieron and Apollodotos, known from the contemporary trilingual Letöon inscrip-tion (N 320), are restored in lines 6-7. In lines 11-12 a Greek version of the Lycian theonym Trbbãmara may be restored. The Lycian text of TL 45B is revised and, as far as possible, re-stored, in comparison with N 320. The oath therein is not followed by a curse, but by a bless-ing, i. e., the rewards promised for keeping the oath. The formulation is reminiscent of a for-mulation in the Bisitun inscription of Darius I. At the end there would be room enough to restore the theonym Trbbãmara too.
Rezension zu: Stephen Mitchell – Philipp Pilhofer (edd.), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, Leiden-Boston 2019
Authors: YEĞİN Yavuz
Published: May 2021

Das marginale Kulturbecken, in dem sich Anatolien befindet, hat die Verbreitung des frühchristlichen Glaubens sehr stark beeinflusst. Aus diesem Grund zieht Anatolien seit vielen Jahren das Interesse von Historikern auf sich und wird auch wegen seiner Rolle bei der Verbreitung des Christentums diskutiert.
Roman Soldiers and Imperial Properties in the Galatian-Phrygian Borderland: A New Inscription from the Eskişehir Museum
Authors: UZUNOĞLU Hüseyin
Published: May 2021

In this paper I introduce a new inscription from the Eskişehir Archaeological Museum which houses a numerous collection of inscribed material from the main civic centres such as Pessinous, Midaion, Nakoleia and chiefly of course from Dorylaion. This inscription, carved on a marble slab was discovered in the county of Mihalıccık, ca. 100 km north-east of Eskişehir (ancient Dorylaion). According to the some previously published inscriptions, a large part of this county was called Choria Considiana in antiquity, which comprised seven villages and was incorporated into the patrimonium Caesaris as early as the reign of Hadrian. Given the find-spot and the expressions διὰ τῶν Καίσαρος χωρίων κωμῶν and ἐν ταῖς τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Καίσαρος κώμαις, it can be securely said that the imperial estate recorded in this new inscription is identical with that named Choria Considiana. The attestation of the “misthotai = leaseholders” in the estate demonstrate that it was not a compact estate run by an imperial slave (=oikonomos), without the supervision of a procurator, as had previously been suggested. The inscription in all likelihood concerns a letter issued by the imperial legate of the province of Galatia and it shows that the inhabitants of Choria Considiana experienced tough times due to the inappropriate and illegal behaviour of military men and some imperial staff such as freedmen of the emperor, tabellarii, presumably conspiring with the misthotai. This letter stipulates that the soldiers and other officials shall not be provided with free lodgings and hospitality and they are required to buy the remaining things (τὰ δὲ λοιπά) at a fixed/ an offering price (παρεχούσης τειμῆς) in each place (ἑκάστῳ τόπῳ) from the coloni (παρὰ τῶν παροίκων). The inscription offers a list of punishments whose details are not known due to the fragmentary condition of those parts of the stone, if these gubernatorial orders are not adhered to. We are not sure whether these became effective in the long term based on the fact that the Skaptopara inscription manifestly records it had become a habit after some time that the orders of the governors began to be ignored, although they may have been followed for a while. There is unfortunately no hint as to the date of the inscription, because the name of the emperor or the governor is not recorded. Considering the parallel texts which also contain the complaints of the villages to the emperors and the responses they receive and which are mostly found within specific time span, ranging from the end of the 2nd century to the first half of the 3rd century A.D., one can also propose a similar date for this new inscription, which is also supported by the lettering forms employed.
New Inscriptions from Aloanda in Lycia
Authors: ONUR Fatih , KILIÇ-ASLAN Selen
Published: May 2021

This paper introduces two new Greek inscriptions from Asarcık, the ancient name of which can now securely be acknowledged as Aloanda, in western Lycia. Inscription no.1 documents the foundation of a certain Pokomas, son of Ermedepimis, dating from the Hellenistic period. The nature of Pokomas’ foundation is not entirely clear as the text is not fully preserved, but we read in the remaining parts of the text inscribed on four sides of the block that every year 5 brabeutai shall be elected and handed over a certain amount of money. It can be assumed that these brabeutai were responsible for the organisation of annual sacrifices, from which Pokomas and after Pokomas’ death his descendants were to receive an honorary share, and feasts mentioned on Face C. It is possible that Pokomas’ foundation also included an agon as can be inferred from several hints in the text. Pokomas was apparently a prominent figure and benefactor at Aloanda, which is indicated by the proclamation in the potos that Pokomas is crowned by the demos of Aloandeans with a wreath of olive branch. This proclamation also indicates that Pokomas’ foundation had public benefit, and therefore, even though the scale or the context of the sacrificial festivities to be held under Pokomas’ foundation is not clarified in the preserved text, it is possible that these were public events. Yet, alongside this public benefit, Pokomas may explicitly have founded these events or rituals for the commemoration of himself and his family in eternity. Inscription no. 2 is the epitaph of a certain Trokondas, son of Apollonios, set up by his father, his wife and children, also dating from the Hellenistic period.
Der Bildhauer „Moschos Kallippos” aus Synnada. Ein kleines Corrigendum zum Künstlerlexikon der Antike
Authors: AKYÜREK ŞAHİN Nalan Eda
Published: May 2021

In this small article, a mistake made in the "Kallippos" and "Moschos" entries in the dictionary "Künstlerlexikon der Antike" is corrected. The author of these entries T. Lochman stated that Kallippos and Moschos were two separate sculptors and consequently wrote a separate dic-tionary entry for each of them. The inscription on which Lochman based was found in As-pendos and inscribed in a curved manner on the skirt of the mantle of a Hera statue preserved today in the Antalya Museum (see fig. 1-9). The inscription is complete and it reads: Moschos, son of Moschos, also called Kallippos, from Synnada. In other words, the person who made this Hera statue is a single person whose name is Moschos alias Kallippos. It is understood that Lochman made this mistake because he possibly did not see the older publications where the inscription was publi¬shed, which made him think that two different sculptors were in ques-tion. Therefore, he provided two separate entries in the dictionary a mistake which is corrected now in this contribution.
Thebasa and the Byzantine-Arab Frontier of the Middle Taurus. Observations in confinio Lycaoniae atque Ciliciae
Authors: ROKİCKİ Robert
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a new location of the Lycaonian city of Thebasa at Pınarkaya (Divaz) in the province (il) of Karaman and provides a critical analysis of its previous identifications. It revaluates the importance of Thebasa in a broader, geo-historical context pointing out its transformation from a commercial hub to a strategic military base. Through several unpublished sites, the paper presents a fresh look at the settlement and communication networks of the Middle Taurus Region. It also develops new interpretations of the dynamics of Byzantine-Arab relations at the turn of the eighth and ninth centuries.
A Note on Meiros in Phrygia
Authors: MİTCHELL Stephen
Published: May 2021

The last word of a sixth-century epitaph from Başara in Phrygia (MAMA I 403) was misread as Βλέπε in the first publication by W. M. Calder, leading to misplaced commentary on this term by Louis Robert. The correct reading is [π]όλεος. The epitaph marks a burial in the vil-lage of Eizikos on the territory of the Phrygian city of Meiros. Meiros stood at an important road intersection and gained importance in late antiquity. Its territory was larger than is commonly assumed and covered most of the Phrygian Highlands.
Nanoemulsion as a Nano Carrier System in Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: Jain Dharmendra , Dewangan Nagesh , Kothale, Dhalendra , Verma Utsav
Published: May 2021

Nanoemulsions are colloidal dispersions having smaller globule size that ranges from 20-600 nm. They are clear transparent and kinetically stable formulations commonly available in the form of creams, shampoos, gels, sprays and aerosols. Nanoemulsions are nano carrier drug delivery system for the protection of drugs from severe environmental conditions like pH, oxidation and hydrolysis. Nanoemulsions are normally contains oil phase, aqueous phase, surfactants and co-surfactants. Different methods are employed for the preparations of nanoemulsions are high pressure homogenization, microfluidization, ultrasonication, spontaneous emulsifi- cation, membrane emulsification, phase inversion temperature and solvent displacement method. The stability of the nanoemulsions has the ability to protect the dosage unit microbial contamination physically and chemically. They can be administered via nasal route, orally, topically, transdermally and also used as prophylactically in bio-terrorism attack and as diagnostic agent. They can be used for the delivery of various types of drugs like vaccines, DNA encoded drugs, antibiotics and vitamins. Various patents on nanoemulsions are also discussed. Nanoemulsions are nano carrier system with safe and effective delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic drug and also used in targeting.
Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Drug Delivery of Vitexin Loaded Liposomes
Authors: Sivathanu Dr.S.Bhagavathy , G Shivapriya , G Shivapriya
Published: May 2021

Liposome is a spherical vesicle which contains atleast one lipid bilayer. Liposomes are used as a novel drug carriers because of its hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature, it has many advantages in the field of medical sciences. There are some other drug carriers like dendrimers, micelles, niosomes. Out of all, liposomes are considered to be the most promising agent for drug delivery. The uniqueness of liposome is when it is used as a pharmaceutical drug, it acts as a natural receptor. Thus it acts as an antigen and binds with the antibody (cancer cell) without causing any damage to the adjacent cells. For the synthesis of liposomes, a phospholipid is required. The liposomes can be synthesized using egg yolk and chloroform. So the basic phospholipid is obtained from egg yolk. For more stability, the liposomes are prepared using popc. The present work  discuss about the effective preparation of drug loaded liposomes using popc (1- palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine). POPC is an important phospholipid for biophysical experiments. Additionally chloroform is used as the solvent for the liposome preparation. The drug chosen for liposome loading is vitexin (vxn), which is an effective therapeutic agent against inflammation and cancer. The vesicular size, shape, drug entrapment efficacy, stability, electrochemical property and drug releasing property of the formulated liposomes were characterized. The results showed that the formulated liposomes are considered as the better drug carrier system and good choice for biotransformation within the cell to reach the target site such as cancer cells. Even though available treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, causes damage to the surrounding cells, the alternative drug transferring system such as liposomal mediated drug transfer within the cell is considered as good choice of treatment to avoid such complications. The aim of liposome mediated  drug carrier system is to develop a method to reach the drug to the target site. After drug delivery at the target site, the liposomes are fused within the surface of the body. This is because of the pH of liposomes, which is at 7.4 and temperature is maintained at 37 oC. So, the vxn loaded liposomes are considered as the novel drug carriers for the successful targetted drug delivery.
Design, Molecular Docking, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4, 5-Substituted 1, 2, 3-Triazoles as Anti-bacterial Agents
Authors: M Vijayabhargavi , M. P. Kusuma , Sai Akhila , M Sumakanth , Unnisa Zaber
Published: May 2021

Newer antibacterial agents are needed to combat the growing bacterial infections. Triazoles are one of the leading and most sought out nucleus amongst the heterocyclic rings in the drug world. 1, 2, 3-Triazoles are synthesized by Click Chemistry of alkynes with azides. A synergistic effect is observed when the triazoles are combined with other heterocycles. They also exhibit diversified therapeutic activities like anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-tubercular, anti-inflam-matory, antihypertensive etc which makes Triazoles an interesting molecule for the researchers to work on. In the current study, we combined 1,2, 3-triazoles with thiophene ring system to get synergistic antibacterial activity. Here, 12 derivatives of 4, 5-substituted-1, 2, 3-Triazoles were subjected to in silico docking studies on Biotin ligase protein (PDB ID: 3V7R). The compounds that showed the best results were synthesized. The newly synthesized derivatives were characterized by using IR, H1 NMR and Mass spectrum. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aerugenosa) and gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus). The compounds showed moderate to good activity, which was comparable to that of the standard Streptomycin drug.
An In Vitro Study on Inhibiting Pathogenic Activity by Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Dioscorea Pentaphylla
Authors: N Muniyappan , Murugapandi Murugan
Published: May 2021

Development of biologically stimulated experimental processes for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is an essential branch of nanobiotechnology. Biocompatible silver nanoparticles have  acknowledged  significant notice in recent years because of their capable applications in bioimaging, biosensors, biolabels, and biomedicine. This study reports a green chemistry approach for the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using the rhizomes extract of Dioscorea Pentaphylla. The properties of synthesis nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and EDS. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

spectrum for silver nano-particles is obtained at 426 with dark brown color. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed   that silver nanoparticles were functionalized with bio- molecules that have primary amine group (NH2), carbonyl phenolic group (-OH) and other stabilizing functional groups. The Morphological studies revealed that the particles are spherical in shape and in the size ranged from 20 ± 1nm. The effects of silver nanoparticles concentration and extract concentration  were investigated and DPR-AgNPs showed the better pharma- cological applications.
Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Some Novel Monoterpenoids Substituted Quinoxaline Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives
Authors: Bihari Bipin , Gautam Girendra Kumar , Ved Akash
Published: May 2021

Owing to the increasingly serious problems caused by multidrug resistance in acquired infection pathogens, it has become an urgent need to develop new classes of antibiotics for overcoming the resistance. The present study aims to increase the antimicrobial activity of quinoxaline thiosemicarbazide derivatives by introducing a hydrophobic alkyl chain, an electron-releasing group in the ring, and substitution by some acyclic, cyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes and their antimicrobial evaluation against various strains with molecular docking studies. The lead molecule (1E, 4E)-1-(7-chloro-3-isopropyl- quinoxalin-2(1H)-ylidene) thiosemicarbazide was synthesized and condensed with various monoterpenes to synthesize different derivatives. The structures of compounds were confirmed through IR., NMR & mass spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antibacterial  and  antifungal activities against various strains using the agar dilution method. Molecular docking studies of the derivatives (Va– Vg) were performed to find out essential binding sites against target protein (PDB: 3 FAP, receptor: FKBP 12) using Autodock 4.2. The compounds Va, Vd, Vf & Vg exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. Among all these compounds Vd was found to exhibit more potent activity against gram +Ve, gram –Ve bacterial and fungal strains at MIC 0.19 μg/ml, 0.39μg/ml, and 1.56 μg/ml respectively. The docking studies of all the compounds exhibit potent binding energy, but the compound Vd exhibit interactive binding energy (-9.98 kcal/mol) to the active pockets of the receptor FKBP12. The compound Vd interacting with various active sites of amino acids of receptors like PHE128, TRP190, TYR26, VAL55, ILE56, PHE99, and TRP59. In terms of structure- activity relationship study it is revealed that the activity profile against bacterial and fungal strains was altered by the formation of monoterpenoid substituted (1E, 4E)-1-(7- chloro-3-isopropylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ylidene) thiosemicar- bazide derivatives. The study reveals that bicyclic monoterpenes substituted compounds exhibit greater activity than cyclic and acyclic. The molecular docking studies also showed that all the compounds exhibit good docking energy to bind and inhibit the FKBP12 receptor.
Swadharma Wanita Hindu Di Desa Pakraman Mas Kabupaten Gianyar
Authors: Istri Agung I Gusti Agung
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to obtain broader information and to provide explanations to various parties regarding the existence of Hindu women in practicing Swadharna in Mas Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency. The method used in the study, determining the type and source of data, determining the interview instrument, and studying documents, analyzing data and presenting the results of data analysis. Based on the description and results of the analysis of the existence, constraints and efforts of Hindu women's swadharma in Mas Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency, described above, there are several things that can be concluded, namely as follows. The existence of Hindu women in Mas Village can be grouped into three groups. The existence of practicing swadharma can be grouped into three. The existence of practicing swadharma in the family. Existence in carrying out swadharma in the world of work.
Hubungan Antara Motivasi Berprestasi Dengan Kinerja Guru Agama Hindu Jenjang Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wiguna Yasa I Made , Wijaya I Komang Wisnu Budi , Cahyana I Gede Sudha
Published: May 2021

This research aims to describe the relationship between the achievement motivation and the performance of Hindu religious teachers at elementary school levels who have not been certified as educators. This research is classified as a correlational research. The population of this study were teachers of Hindu religion in elementary schools in Tabanan Regency who had not been certified as educators. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling technique, in which all members of the population were sampled. The research instrument used was an observation sheet of achievement motivation and teacher performance. The data that has been collected were analyzed descriptively and also analyzed by inferential statistics. The analysis of statistic inferential was using a product moment correlation with significant level of 0.05. The result states that: 1) there is a significant relationship between the achievement motivation and the performance of Hindu religious teachers at elementary school levels who have not been certified as educators (sig < 0,05) and 2) The closeness level of the relationship between achievement motivation and teacher performance is classified as strong (rxy = 0,715).
Bias Gender Kapamangkuan Di Desa Mengesta Kecamatan Penebel Kabupaten Tabanan
Authors: Wastawa I Wayan , Suwadnyana I Wayan
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the kapamangkuan gender bias in Mengesta village is a socio-cultural study of the imbalance of rights and obligations between pamangku lanang and pamangku istri. This study uses a qualitative methodology, data collection were done through observations, literature study, and in-depth interviews with 7 traditional and religious leaders as informants. The present study concludes that the procedures for pamangku candidates' coronation were as follows: selection, lineage, nyanjan ceremony, and distribution of lekesan. Gender inequality exists due to several factors, namely: the purusa and pradana system in Balinese culture; 2) male dominance in kapamangkuan; 3) kapamangkuan education prioritizes pamangku lanang; 4) The labeling of pamangku istri with their domestic duties as ceremonial amenities maker, and 5) menstrual cycle myths factors. Furthermore, the gender identification in kapamangkuan in Mengesta village are as follows: 1) The labeling of pamangku istri as the socialization of women into gender polarity; 2) the kapamangkuan education system based on biological differentiation, 3) a second marriage system that is considered unholy, 4) through unclear patterns of pamangku istri's clothing, and 5) Gender identification through adat (local social system). In general, there is still injustice to pamangku istri regarding her rights and obligations despite her equal position as a pamangku.
The Function Of Ngenteg Linggih Ceremony In Pejaten Tabanan
Authors: Tary Puspa Ida Ayu , Saitya Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam
Published: May 2021

The Dewa Yajña Ceremony is a ceremony addressed to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi with all of His manifestations as a form of devotion because He has created the universe and everything in it. This gratitude was manifested by the people of Pejaten Village by holding a ceremony to instill the Creator to rest in the sacred temple building. The Ngenteg Linggih ceremony has functions such as religious, ethics, aesthetics, and social. Each of these functions is related to one another which of course will play a role in the ceremony. Such as a religious function in which the ceremony provides a basis for belief in the community through the rites and ritual equipment to convince the public that through the ceremony carried out, religious emotions will grow. The function of ethics is to provide guidance in living through the Ngenteg Linggih ceremony to always live life by thinking, saying, and doing good according to what you are doing in your ceremony. The aesthetic function provides beauty as well as truth and sanctity so that people feel the beauty in regulating life practices as outlined in the means and implementation of the ceremony. The social function is shown by the community who work together hand in hand to load the ceremony and carry it out with the concept of ngayah.
Penerapan Ajaran Tri Hita Karana Dalam Penyusunan Awig-Awig Sekaa Teruna Taman Sari Di Banjar Lantang Bejuh Desa Adat Sesetan
Authors: Putrawan I Nyoman Alit , Widnyana I Made Adi , Ekasana I Made Suastika , Asih K.Tus Desyanti Suka , Vedanti I Gusti Ayu Jatiana Manik
Published: May 2021

Customary law in Bali is a basis or guideline in carrying out rights and obligations in an indigenous organization, including Sekaa Teruna. The form of customary law in Bali is Awig-Awig, in terms of the preparation of Awig-Awig the concept of wisdom in the community is often adopted as part of the existing peculiarities. The purpose of this writing is for to show that the concept of Tri Hita Karana is able to be synergized in the process of preparing Awig-Awig and become an important part in explaining the relationship of rights and obligations krama. From the study carried out the concept of customary legal order dibali exist in various forms such as awig, awig, perarem, eka eli kita, and others. The concept of Tri Hita Karana is often used in linking the rights and obligations of Sekaa members in the fields of parhyangan, pawongan and palemahan. In the preparation of Awig-Awig Sekaa Teruna Taman Sari is carried out synergy by using Tri Hita Karana as a foothold in describing self-sufficiency in three areas of life.
DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM RELACIONADAS À AQUISIÇÃO DA LEITURA E ESCRITA
Authors: Bianchi Thayse Barbosa Borges , LOPES MARIO MARCOS
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as principais dificuldades de aprendizagem no processo de alfabetização (leitura e escrita) durante os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental e apontar estratégias que possam ser utilizadas para minimizar as deficiências neste processo. Dessa forma, a pesquisa servirá como material de apoio aos profissionais da área da educação que atuam nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, podendo auxiliar nas intervenções pedagógicas. Este artigo aponta os principais teóricos que discutem a temática e suas contribuições em relação às causas das dificuldades de aprendizagem no processo de aquisição da leitura e escrita e a importância da sua identificação e da intervenção no desenvolvimento do estudante. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de objetivo exploratório, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que embasa o estudo. Os resultados mostram que a escola, a família e o educador devem trabalhar em conjunto na busca de soluções diversificadas para contribuir ou minimizar essas dificuldades.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE TOMATE SANTA CRUZ EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Duarte JOÃO PAULO Pereira , Nociti Letícia Ane Sizuki
Published: May 2021

A produção de mudas, para qualquer cultura, é fundamental para o sucesso da produção. Neste sentido, o objetivo presente estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate, variedade Santa Cruz, em diferentes tipos de substratos. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, campus da FAFRAM, no município de Ituverava, SP, no período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018.O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos, tendo como cerne o substrato comercial TN Gold, sendo portanto os seguintes tratamentos: Substrato+esterco bovino; substrato+areia lavada; substrato+areialavada+esterco bovino; solo de barranco e testemunha (somente substrato) e 40 repetições por tratamento. As características avaliadas foramnúmero de folhas, comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do caule e emergência de plântulas. As médias foram comparadas pelo testeTUKEY, a 5% de probabilidade pelo software ESTAT.O tratamento substrato+areialavada+esterco bovino apresentou os melhores resultados em todas as características.
O EFEITO DO PROGRAMA SAÚDE NAS ESCOLAS NA QUALIDADE EDUCACIONAL DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Bernardo Joyce Santana , Oliveira Guilherme De Avelar , Nogueira Lucas Sérgio
Published: May 2021

As políticas públicas podem ser materializadas em programas, ações e metas definidas pela gestão pública, com o intuito principal de proporcionar o bem-estar à sociedade, especialmente quanto à saúde e educação. Assim, o Programa Saúde nas Escolas é uma política intersetorial que visa a integração e articulação permanente da educação e da saúde, proporcionando melhoria da qualidade de vida da população brasileira, expressa neste estudo pelo nível educacional dos municípios. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar se a instituição do PSE possui algum efeito na qualidade educacional da mesorregião da Zona da Mata, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, composta por 142 municípios. Os resultados obtidos por meio da aplicação do método de regressão linear múltipla com dados em painel indicam que a existência do programa aliado aos gastos com saúde e educação contribuem para o aumento da qualidade educacional nos municípios analisados, sendo o PSE uma política eficaz.
Qualidade Fisiológica de Sementes de Melancia em Função da Pré-hidratação e Armazenamento
Authors: De Almeida Pinto Joyce , Manhone Pedro Ramon , Peroni Venancio Luan , Lopes José Carlos
Published: May 2021

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de melancia cv. Crinsom sweet pré-hidratadas e armazenadas. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 6 x 4 (seis períodos de embebição (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 e 30 horas) e quatro tempos de armazenamento (0, 15, 30 e 45 dias)). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio do teor de água, peso de mil sementes, primeira contagem, teste de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de parte aérea e raiz principal e massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz. A hidratação das sementes por 12, 18 e 24 horas e armazenamento por 15 dias favorecem a germinação, massa fresca e comprimento das plântulas, além de reduzir o número de plântulas anormais.