bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Double Tongues of Ionization During the 17 March 2013 Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Dang Tong , Lei Jiuhou , Wang Wenbin , Wang Boyi , Zhang Binzheng , Liu Jing , Burns Alan , Nishimura Yukitoshi
Published: December 2019

During geomagnetic disturbances, enhanced high‐latitude convection transports ionospheric F2‐region plasma from the dayside midlatitude region into the polar cap, leading to structures such as tongues of ionization (TOIs) and patches. In this study, we investigate the dynamic evolution of TOIs during the 17 March 2013 storm using a high‐resolution coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics model and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite observations. Both model and observations show the occurrence of two TOIs simultaneously. One originates in the morning convection cell and the other one in the evening cell. DMSP observations also show similar signatures of two density peaks inside the polar cap. Further diagnostic analysis and control simulations show that the morning TOI is associated with auroral precipitation and is transported into the polar cap region by the convection electric field. This study reveals that the plasma transport in both the afternoon and morning sectors play critical roles in the dynamic evolution of polar ionospheric structures.
The First Intense Geomagnetic Storm Event Recorded by the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Yang Y.‐Y. , Zhima Z.‐R. , Shen X.‐H. , Chu W. , Huang J.‐P. , Wang Q. , Yan R. , Xu S. , Lu H.‐X. , Liu D.‐P.
Published: December 2019

On 25 August 2018, the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) encountered the first intense geomagnetic storm event since its launch on 2 February 2018. The main purpose of this work is to check in‐flight performance of the assembled payloads onboard CSES, as well as to investigate the ionosphere perturbations induced by this geomagnetic storm. The study shows that all investigated parameters simultaneously respond to the different phases of the geomagnetic storm, verifying the measuring capabilities of the assembled payloads onboard CSES. Specifically, the magnetic field obtained from the high‐precision magnetometer fits well with that obtained by the Swarm satellite, clearly demonstrating the development phase of the storm; joint analysis using the Langmuir probe, plasma analyzer, electric field detector, and GNSS occultation receiver data demonstrate that this is a positive storm event and that electric field penetration is the possible mechanism for the disturbance in the ionosphere. During this storm event, some significant ELF/VLF waves are also excited and there is enhancement of the energetic electron flux (of energy <1 MeV). These main features are consistent with results from previous works, indicating the excellent performance of the search coil magnetometer and high‐energy particle detector.
Pharmacological prevention and early treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Astill Wright Laurence , Sijbrandij Marit , Sinnerton Rob , Lewis Catrin , Roberts Neil P. , Bisson Jonathan I.
Published: December 2019

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder associated with significant distress and reduced functioning. Its occurrence after a severe traumatic event and association with characteristic neurobiological changes make PTSD a good candidate for pharmacological prevention and early treatment. The primary aim for this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether pharmacological interventions when compared to placebo, or other pharmacological/psychosocial interventions resulted in a clinically significant reduction or prevention of symptoms, improved functioning or quality of life, presence of disorder, or adverse effects. A systematic search was undertaken to identify RCTs, which used early pharmacotherapy (within three months of a traumatic event) to prevent and treat PTSD and acute stress disorder (ASD) in children and adults. Using Cochrane Collaboration methodology, RCTs were identified and rated for risk of bias. Available data was pooled to calculate risk ratios (RR) for PTSD prevalence and standardised mean differences (SMD) for PTSD severity. 19 RCTs met the inclusion criteria; 16 studies with adult participants and three with children. The methodological quality of most trials was low. Only hydrocortisone in adults was found to be superior to placebo (3 studies, n = 88, RR: 0.21 (CI 0.05 to 0.89)) although this was in populations with severe physical illness, raising concerns about generalisability. No significant effects were found for the other pharmacotherapies investigated (propranolol, oxytocin, gabapentin, fish oil (1470 mg DHA/147 mg EPA), fish oil (224 mg DHA/22.4 mg EPA), dexamethasone, escitalopram, imipramine and chloral hydrate). Hydrocortisone shows the most promise, of pharmacotherapies subjected to RCTs, as an emerging intervention in the prevention of PTSD within three months after trauma and should be a target for further investigation. The limited evidence for hydrocortisone and its adverse effects mean it cannot be recommended for routine use, but, it could be considered as a preventative intervention for people with severe physical illness or injury, shortly after a traumatic event, as long as there are no contraindications. More research is needed using larger, high quality RCTs to establish the most efficacious use of hydrocortisone in different populations and optimal dosing, dosing window and route. There is currently a lack of evidence to suggest that other pharmacological agents are likely to be effective.
BRD4 promotes tumor progression and NF-κB/CCL2-dependent tumor-associated macrophage recruitment in GIST
Authors: Mu Jianfeng , Sun Pengfei , Ma Zhiming , Sun Pengda
Published: December 2019

The most commonly occurring sarcoma of the soft tissue is gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Treatment and prevention of the disease necessitate an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved. However, the role of BRD4 in the progression of GIST is still unclear. While it is known there are abundant infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment, the exact role of these cells has yet to be studied. This work showed an upregulation of BRD4 in GIST that was associated with GIST prognosis. Through gain and loss of function studies, it was found that BRD4 promotes GIST growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, BRD4 enhances CCL2 expression by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, this CCL2 upregulation causes recruitment of macrophages into the tumor leading to tumor growth. A likely mechanism for interactions in the GIST microenvironment has been outlined by this work to show the role and potential use of BRD4 as a treatment target in GIST.
Coupling chemical mutagenesis to next generation sequencing for the identification of drug resistance mutations in Leishmania
Authors: Bhattacharya Arijit , Leprohon Philippe , Bigot Sophia , Padmanabhan Prasad Kottayil , Mukherjee Angana , Roy Gaétan , Gingras Hélène , Mestdagh Anais , Papadopoulou Barbara , Ouellette Marc
Published: December 2019

Current genome-wide screens allow system-wide study of drug resistance but detecting small nucleotide variants (SNVs) is challenging. Here, we use chemical mutagenesis, drug selection and next generation sequencing to characterize miltefosine and paromomycin resistant clones of the parasite Leishmania. We highlight several genes involved in drug resistance by sequencing the genomes of 41 resistant clones and by concentrating on recurrent SNVs. We associate genes linked to lipid metabolism or to ribosome/translation functions with miltefosine or paromomycin resistance, respectively. We prove by allelic replacement and CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing that the essential protein kinase CDPK1 is crucial for paromomycin resistance. We have linked CDPK1 in translation by functional interactome analysis, and provide evidence that CDPK1 contributes to antimonial resistance in the parasite. This screen is powerful in exploring networks of drug resistance in an organism with diploid to mosaic aneuploid genome, hence widening the scope of its applicability.
CE-QUAL-W2 model of dam outflow elevation impact on temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrients in a reservoir
Authors: Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich , Carr Meghan K. , Sadeghian Amir , Morales-Marin Luis
Published: December 2019

Dams are typically designed to serve as flood protection, provide water for irrigation, human and animal consumption, and harness hydropower. Despite these benefits, dam operations can have adverse effects on in-reservoir and downstream water temperature regimes, biogeochemical cycling and aquatic ecosystems. We present a water quality dataset of water withdrawal scenarios generated after implementing the 2D hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2. The scenarios explore how six water extraction scenarios, starting at 5 m above the reservoir bottom at the dam and increasing upward at 10 m intervals to 55 m, influence water quality in Lake Diefenbaker reservoir, Saskatchewan, Canada. The model simulates daily water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, phosphate as phosphorus, labile phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate as nitrogen, labile nitrogen, and ammonium at 87 horizontal segments and at 60 water depths during the 2011–2013 period. This dataset intends to facilitate a broader investigation of in-reservoir nutrient dynamics under dam operations, and to extend the understanding of reservoir nutrient dynamics globally.
A global database of historic and real-time flood events based on social media
Authors: de Bruijn Jens A. , de Moel Hans , Jongman Brenden , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Wagemaker Jurjen , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H.
Published: December 2019

Early event detection and response can significantly reduce the societal impact of floods. Currently, early warning systems rely on gauges, radar data, models and informal local sources. However, the scope and reliability of these systems are limited. Recently, the use of social media for detecting disasters has shown promising results, especially for earthquakes. Here, we present a new database for detecting floods in real-time on a global scale using Twitter. The method was developed using 88 million tweets, from which we derived over 10,000 flood events (i.e., flooding occurring in a country or first order administrative subdivision) across 176 countries in 11 languages in just over four years. Using strict parameters, validation shows that approximately 90% of the events were correctly detected. In countries where the first official language is included, our algorithm detected 63% of events in NatCatSERVICE disaster database at admin 1 level. Moreover, a large number of flood events not included in NatCatSERVICE were detected. All results are publicly available on www.globalfloodmonitor.org.
Diagnostic performance of hematological discrimination indices to discriminate between βeta thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia and using cluster analysis: Introducing two new indices tested in Iranian population
Authors: Jahangiri Mina , Rahim Fakher , Malehi Amal Saki
Published: December 2019

Although the discrimination between β-thalassemia trait (βTT) and Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is important clinically, but it is challenging and normally difficult; so if a patient with IDA is diagnosed as βTT, then it is deprived of iron therapy. This study purpose was to evaluate the 26 different discriminating indices diagnostic function in patients with microcytic anemia by using accuracy measures, and also recommending two distinct new discriminating indices as well. In this study, 907 patients were enrolled with the ages over 18-year-old with either βTT or IDA. Twenty-six discrimination indices diagnostic performance presented in earlier studies, and two new indices were introduced in this study (CRUISE index and index26) in order to evaluate the differential between βTT and IDA by using accuracy measures. 537 (59%) patients with βTT (299 (56%) women, and 238 (44%) men), and also 370 (41%) patients with IDA (293 (79%) women, and 77 (21%) men) were participated in this study for evaluating the 28 discrimination indices diagnostic performance. Two new introduced indices (CRUISE index and index26) have better performance than some discrimination indices. Indices with the amount of AUC higher than 0.8 had very appropriate diagnostic accuracy in discrimination between βTT and IDA, and also CRUISE index has good diagnostic accuracy, too. The present study was also the first cluster analysis application in order to identify the homogeneous subgroups of different indices with similar diagnostic function. In addition, new indices that offered in this study have presented a relatively closed diagnostic performance by using cluster analysis for the different indices described in earlier studies. Thus, we suggest the using of cluster analysis in order to determine differential indices with similar diagnostic performances.
Inside or outside: Evaluation of the efficiency enhancement of OLEDs with applied external scattering layers
Authors: Ang Pen Yiao , Will Paul-Anton , Lenk Simone , Fischer Axel , Reineke Sebastian
Published: December 2019

Improving the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by enhancing light outcoupling is common practise and remains relevant as not all optical losses can be avoided. Especially, externally attached scattering layers combine several advantages. They can significantly increase the performance and neither compromise the electric operation nor add high costs during fabrication. Efficiency evaluations of external scattering layers are often done with lab scale OLEDs. In this work we therefore study different characterization techniques of red, green and blue lab scale OLEDs with attached light scattering foils comprising TiO2 particles. Although we observe an increased external quantum efficiency (EQE) with scattering foils, our analysis indicates that areas outside the active area have a significant contribution. This demonstrates that caution is required when efficiency conclusions are transferred to large area applications, for which effects that scale with the edges become less significant. We propose to investigate brightness profiles additionally to a standard EQE characterizations as latter only work if the lateral scattering length is much smaller than the width of the active area of the OLED. Our results are important to achieve more reliable predictions as well as a higher degree of comparability between different research groups in future.
The effects of psychosocial stress on intergroup resource allocation
Authors: Schweda Adam , Faber Nadira Sophie , Crockett Molly J. , Kalenscher Tobias
Published: December 2019

Stress changes our social behavior. Traditionally, stress has been associated with “fight-or-flight” – the tendency to attack an aggressor, or escape the stressor. But stress may also promote the opposite pattern, i.e., “tend-and-befriend” – increased prosociality toward others. It is currently unclear which situational or physiological factors promote one or the other. Here, we hypothesized that stress stimulates both tendencies, but that fight-or-flight is primarily directed against a potentially hostile outgroup, moderated by rapid-acting catecholamines, while tend-and-befriend is mainly shown towards a supportive ingroup, regulated by cortisol. To test this hypothesis, we measured stress-related neurohormonal modulators and sex hormones in male and female participants who were exposed to a psychosocial stressor, and subsequently played an intergroup social dilemma game in which they could reveal prosocial motives towards an ingroup (ingroup-love) and hostility towards an outgroup (outgroup-hate). We found no significant effects of stress on social preferences, but stress-related heart-rate increases predicted outgroup-hostile behavior. Furthermore, when controlling for testosterone, cortisol was associated with increased ingroup-love. Other-regarding behavior was overall higher in male than female participants. Our mixed results are of interest to scholars of the effects of stress on prosocial and aggressive behavior, but call for refinement in future replications.
Association of smoking and physical inactivity with MRI derived changes in cardiac function and structure in cardiovascular healthy subjects
Authors: Schafnitzel Anina , Lorbeer Roberto , Bayerl Christian , Patscheider Hannah , Auweter Sigrid D. , Meisinger Christa , Heier Margit , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Reiser Maximilian , Peters Annette , Bamberg Fabian , Hetterich Holger
Published: December 2019

We aimed to investigate the association of smoking and physical exercise on ventricular function and structure, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), in subjects without known cardiovascular diseases. A total of 381 participants (median age 57 years) of the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 cohort underwent CMR. The participants’ smoking and sporting habits were measured by a questionnaire. Physical inactivity was associated with a reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF), stroke volume, early diastolic peak filling rate and peak ejection rate of the left ventricle as well as right ventricular stroke volume. LV-EF was reduced in subjects with almost no physical activity compared to subjects with regular physical activity (68.4%, 95%CI 66.8–70.1% vs. 70.8%, 95%CI 69.2–72.3%, p < 0,05). Smokers had lower right ventricular end-diastolic volumes (80.6 ml/m², 95%CI 76.7–84.5 ml/m²; never-smokers: 85.5 ml/m², 95%CI 82.6–88.3 ml/m²; p < 0.05) but higher extracellular volume fractions (ECV) and fibrosis volumes (34.3 ml, 95%CI 32.5–36.0 ml, vs. 31.0 ml, 95%CI 29.6–32.3 ml, p < 0.01). We conclude that asymptomatic individuals without known cardiovascular diseases show differences in cardiac function and structure depending on their physical activity and smoking habits. This underlines the importance of prevention and health education.
Lesion Network Localization of Seizure Freedom following MR-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Ablation
Authors: Mithani Karim , Boutet Alexandre , Germann Jurgen , Elias Gavin J. B. , Weil Alexander G. , Shah Ashish , Guillen Magno , Bernal Byron , Achua Justin K. , Ragheb John , Donner Elizabeth , Lozano Andres M. , Widjaja Elysa , Ibrahim George M.
Published: December 2019

Treatment-resistant epilepsy is a common and debilitating neurological condition, for which neurosurgical cure is possible. Despite undergoing nearly identical ablation procedures however, individuals with treatment-resistant epilepsy frequently exhibit heterogeneous outcomes. We hypothesized that treatment response may be related to the brain regions to which MR-guided laser ablation volumes are functionally connected. To test this, we mapped the resting-state functional connectivity of surgical ablations that either resulted in seizure freedom (N = 11) or did not result in seizure freedom (N = 16) in over 1,000 normative connectomes. There was no difference seizure outcome with respect to the anatomical location of the ablations, and very little overlap between ablation areas was identified using the Dice Index. Ablations that did not result in seizure-freedom were preferentially connected to a number of cortical and subcortical regions, as well as multiple canonical resting-state networks. In contrast, ablations that led to seizure-freedom were more functionally connected to prefrontal cortices. Here, we demonstrate that underlying normative neural circuitry may in part explain heterogenous outcomes following ablation procedures in different brain regions. These findings may ultimately inform target selection for ablative epilepsy surgery based on normative intrinsic connectivity of the targeted volume.
Terminal Schwann cell and vacant site mediated synapse elimination at developing neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Jung Jae Hoon , Smith Ian , Mikesh Michelle
Published: December 2019

Synapses undergo transition from polyinnervation by multiple axons to single innervation a few weeks after birth. Synaptic activity of axons and interaxonal competition are thought to drive this developmental synapse elimination and tested as key parameters in quantitative models for further understanding. Recent studies of muscle synapses (endplates) show that there are also terminal Schwann cells (tSCs), glial cells associated with motor neurons and their functions, and vacant sites (or vacancies) devoid of tSCs and axons proposing tSCs as key effectors of synapse elimination. However, there is no quantitative model that considers roles of tSCs including vacancies. Here we develop a stochastic model of tSC and vacancy mediated synapse elimination. It employs their areas on individual endplates quantified by electron microscopy-based analyses assuming that vacancies form randomly and are taken over by adjacent axons or tSCs. The model reliably reproduced synapse elimination whereas equal or random probability models, similar to classical interaxonal competition models, did not. Furthermore, the model showed that synapse elimination is accelerated by enhanced synaptic activity of one axon and also by increased areas of vacancies and tSCs suggesting that the areas are important structural correlates of the rate of synapse elimination.
Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future
Authors: Jiang Li-Qing , Carter Brendan R. , Feely Richard A. , Lauvset Siv K. , Olsen Are
Published: December 2019

The ocean’s chemistry is changing due to the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). This phenomenon, commonly referred to as “Ocean Acidification”, is endangering coral reefs and the broader marine ecosystems. In this study, we combine a recent observational seawater CO2 data product, i.e., the 6th version of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (1991–2018, ~23 million observations), with temporal trends at individual locations of the global ocean from a robust Earth System Model to provide a high-resolution regionally varying view of global surface ocean pH and the Revelle Factor. The climatology extends from the pre-Industrial era (1750 C.E.) to the end of this century under historical atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pre-2005) and the Representative Concentrations Pathways (post-2005) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s 5th Assessment Report. By linking the modeled pH trends to the observed modern pH distribution, the climatology benefits from recent improvements in both model design and observational data coverage, and is likely to provide improved regional OA trajectories than the model output could alone, therefore, will help guide the regional OA adaptation strategies. We show that air-sea CO2 disequilibrium is the dominant mode of spatial variability for surface pH, and discuss why pH and calcium carbonate mineral saturation states, two important metrics for OA, show contrasting spatial variability.
Bi-functional IgG-lysosomal enzyme fusion proteins for brain drug delivery
Authors: Boado Ruben J. , Lu Jeff Zhiqiang , Hui Eric Ka-Wai , Lin Huilan , Pardridge William M.
Published: December 2019

Most lysosomal storage disorders affect the central nervous system. However, lysosomal enzymes do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and intravenous enzyme infusion is not effective for the brain. Lysosomal enzymes can be re-engineered for BBB transport as IgG-enzyme fusion proteins, where the IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against an endogenous BBB receptor/transporter, and which acts as a molecular Trojan horse to deliver the enzyme to brain. However, the problem is retention of high enzyme activity following enzyme fusion to the IgG. The present investigation shows this is possible with a versatile approach that employs fusion of the enzyme to either the IgG heavy chain or light chain using a long flexible linker. The model IgG is a chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The enzyme activity of the HIRMAb-enzyme fusion protein is preserved for hexosaminidase A, which is mutated in Tay Sachs disease, for protein palmitoylthioesterase-1, which is mutated in Batten disease type 1, acid sphingomyelinase, which is mutated in Niemann Pick disease type A, and beta galactosidase-1, which is mutated in GM1 gangliosidosis.
Host density and parasitoid presence interact and shape the outcome of a tritrophic interaction on seeds of wild lima bean
Authors: Cuny Maximilien A. C. , Traine Juan , Bustos-Segura Carlos , Benrey Betty
Published: December 2019

The interaction between the seed beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus and its parasitoid Stenocorse bruchivora, was investigated on seeds of two populations of wild lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus. By manipulating the number of beetle larvae per seed and the presence of parasitoids, we determined how factors related to beetle larvae density, the seed in which they feed and the parasitoid, may interact and affect host and parasitoid survival. Results showed that an increase in larval beetle density had a negative impact on beetle performance. This effect cascaded up to parasitoids, high larval density strongly reduced parasitoid emergence. Also, parasitoid presence resulted in faster beetle development and lower female weight. An interactive effect between larval host density and parasitoid presence affected the number of insects that emerged from the seeds. Beetle performance was better in the bean population with the largest seeds, while parasitoid emergence was the lowest in these seeds. This study shows that the impact of parasitoids on seed beetles is contingent on the interaction between density-mediated (direct mortality) and trait-mediated (e.g. non-consumptive) effects. Indirect trait-mediated effects of natural enemies are likely prevalent across insect communities, understanding their role in driving host-parasitoid interactions can have important implications for biological control.
Monolithic integration of visible GaAs and near-infrared InGaAs for multicolor photodetectors by using high-throughput epitaxial lift-off toward high-resolution imaging systems
Authors: Geum Dae-Myeong , Kim SangHyeon , Kim Seong Kwang , Kang SooSeok , Kyhm JiHoon , Song Jindong , Choi Won Jun , Yoon Euijoon
Published: December 2019

In this study, multicolor photodetectors (PDs) fabricated by using bulk p-i-n-based visible GaAs and near-infrared InGaAs structures were monolithically integrated through a high-throughput epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process. To perform multicolor detection in integrated structures, GaAs PDs were transferred onto InGaAs PDs by using a Y2O3 bonding layer to simultaneously detect visible and near-infrared photons and minimize the optical loss. As a result, it was found that the GaAs top PD and InGaAs bottom PD were vertically aligned without tilting in x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. A negligible change in the dark currents for each PD was observed in comparison with reference PDs through electrical characterization. Furthermore, through optical measurements and simulation, photoresponses were clearly revealed in the visible and near-infrared band for the material’s absorption region, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated the simultaneous multicolor detection of the visible and near-infrared region,which implies individual access to each PD without mutual interference. These results are a significant improvement for the fabrication of multicolor PDs that enables the formation of bulk-based multicolor PDs on a single substrate with a high pixel density and nearly perfect vertical alignment for high-resolution multicolor imaging.
A novel shaped-controlled fabrication of nanopore and its applications in quantum electronics
Authors: Chen Chien-Han , Chang Xuyan , Wu Cen-Shawn
Published: December 2019

High-intensity (107–108 A m−2) electron beams can be used to fabricate nanoscale pores. This approach enables real-time observation of nanopore drilling and precise control of the diameter of the nanopore. Nevertheless, it is not suitable for tuning the nanopore’s sidewall shape. In this study, we demonstrate the use of low-intensity electron beams to fabricate nanopores on a silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane. This technique allows the precise adjustment of the nanopore dimension and the shaping of its three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure. The 3D structures of the nanopore were evaluated by electron tomography, and series of oblique images were used in reconstructing the 3D images of nanopores using a weighted back-projection method. The sidewall shape of the nanopore was observed at different electron-beam conditions, and the formation mechanism was elucidated based on these results. The nanopore fabricated with this technique can be used as a template to develop electronics at the nanoscale based on which a quantum-dot device can be prepared with a simple evaporation process. The measured results show that the device can resolve well-defined electronic states that are characteristic for the behaviors of the quantum-dot device.
Deletion in the Promoter of PcPIN-L Affects the Polar Auxin Transport in Dwarf Pear (Pyrus communis L.)
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Zhang Haiyue , Xiao Yuxiong , Wang Caihong , Tian Yike
Published: December 2019

Dwarf cultivars or dwarfing rootstocks enable high-density planting and are therefore highly desirable in modern pear production. Previously, we found that the dwarf growth habit of pear is controlled by a single dominant genePcDw. In this study,PcPIN-L(PCP021016) was cloned from dwarf-type and standard-type pears.PcPIN-Lexpression was significantly lower in the dwarf-type pears than in standard-type pears, which was caused by the CT repeat deletion in the promoter of dwarf-type pears.PcPIN-Loverexpression in tobacco plants enhanced the growth of the stems and the roots. Notably, the indole acetic acid (IAA) content decreased in the shoot tips and increased in the stems of transgenic lines compared with wild type, which is consistent with the greater IAA content in the shoot tips and lower IAA content in the stems of dwarf-type pears than in standard-type pears. The CT repeat deletion in the promoter that causes a decrease in promoter activity is associated with lowerPcPIN-Lexpression in the dwarf-type pears, which might limit the polar auxin transport and in turn result in the dwarf phenotype. Taken together, the results provide a novel dwarfing molecular mechanism in perennial woody plants.
Zn-Alloyed All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite-Based White Light-Emitting Diodes with Superior Color Quality
Authors: Thapa Saroj , Adhikari Gopi Chandra , Zhu Hongyang , Grigoriev Alexei , Zhu Peifen
Published: December 2019

Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have gained tremendous attention in optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optical properties. However, the toxicity of lead limits their practical applications. Here, the synthesis of Zn2+-alloyed CsZnxPb1-xX3 (up to 15%) NCs is reported to achieve lead-reduced white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The incorporation of Zn2+ into CsPbX3 host NCs results in a lattice contraction, without altering the structure and morphology, which has a direct effect on the optical properties. The blue-shifts in the photoluminescence emission and increase in bandgap is observed while retaining high photoluminescence quantum yield. Then by engineering the different compositions of halides for 15% Zn2+-alloyed CsZnxPb1-xX3 NCs, tunable emission (411–636 nm) is obtained. Notably, the WLEDs are experimentally demonstrated employing the lead-reduced NCs (blue, green, yellow, and red). By varying the ratios of the amount of NCs, white lights with a tunable correlated-color temperature (2218–8335 K), an exemplary color-rendering index (up to 93) and high luminous efficacy of radiation (268–318 lm·W−1) are obtained. Best of our knowledge, these are superior to other reported WLEDs based on CsPbX3 NCs doped with transition metal ions. This work places the halide perovskite NCs one-step closer in designing the environmentally benign and energy-efficient WLEDs.
Simple reversible fixation of a magnetic catalyst in a continuous flow system: ultrafast reduction of nitroarenes and subsequent reductive amination using ammonia borane
Authors: Kim Hong Won , Byun Sangmoon , Kim Seong Min , Kim Ha Joon , Lei Cao , Kang Dong Yun , Cho Ahra , Kim B. Moon , Park Jin Kyoon
Published: December 2019

Continuous reductive amination was performed using NH3BH3 through reversible magnetic bimetallic fixation at room temperature.
Role of tungsten modifiers in bimetallic catalysts for enhanced hydrodeoxygenation activity and selectivity
Authors: Rasmussen Mathew J. , Medlin J. Will
Published: December 2019

Addition of tungsten to supported platinum catalysts increased the rate of benzyl alcohol hydrodeoxygenation via a bifunctional mechanism, whereas undesirable decarbonylation was suppressed due to blocking of platinum terrace sites.
Pharmaceutical and anticorrosive substance removal by woodchip column reactor: removal process and effects of operational parameters
Authors: Tseng Yu-Jung , Lai Webber Wei-Po , Tung Hsin-hsin , Lin Angela Yu-Chen
Published: December 2019

The woodchip column reactor has sorption and biodegradation ability for removing emerging contaminant from artificial stormwater under various conditions (woodchip type, operation time, season and flow rate).
Predicting Cr(vi) adsorption on soils: the role of the competition of soil organic matter
Authors: Shi Zhenqing , Peng Shimeng , Lin Xiaofeng , Liang Yuzhen , Lee Suen-Zone , Allen Herbert E.
Published: December 2019

Surface complexation models can predict Cr(vi) adsorption on soils after accounting for the competition from the soil organic matter.
Nanoparticles shape-specific emergent behaviour on liquid crystal droplets
Authors: Sumer Zeynep , Striolo Alberto
Published: December 2019

Nanoparticles self-assembly on liquid crystal nano-droplets is investigated as a function of size, shape and chemical functionality.
Strain-engineering enables reversible semiconductor–metal transition of skutterudite IrAs3
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Da , Tian Fubo , Duan Defang , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: December 2019

Green strain engineering makes the semiconductor-to-metal transition of skutterudite IrAs3 possible.
Spiroetherones A and B, sesquiterpene naphthoquinones, as angiogenesis inhibitors from the marine sponge Dysidea etheria
Authors: Jiao Wei-Hua , Xu Qi-Hang , Cui Jie , Shang Ru-Yi , Zhang Yun , Sun Jia-Bao , Yang Qi , Liu Ke-Chun , Lin Hou-Wen
Published: December 2019

Spiroetherones A (1) and B (2), a pair of sesquiterpene naphthoquinones with an unprecedented “spiroetherane” carbon skeleton, were isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea etheria collected from the South China Sea.
Effects of low dimensionality on electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of bismuth
Authors: Wu C. Y. , Sun L. , Han J. C. , Gong H. R.
Published: December 2019

First-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory have been combined to comparatively investigate the band structure, phonon spectrum, lattice thermal conductivity, and the transport properties of the β-bismuth monolayer and bulk Bi.
A new kind of nanocomposite Xuan paper comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and cellulose fibers with a unique ink wetting performance
Authors: Shao Yue-Ting , Zhu Ying-Jie , Dong Li-Ying , Zhang Qiang-Qiang
Published: December 2019

A new kind of Xuan paper comprising hydroxyapatite nanowires and plant fibers with a unique ink wetting performance is reported.
Synthesis of rotenone loaded zein nano-formulation for plant protection against pathogenic microbes
Authors: Bidyarani Ngangom , Kumar Umesh
Published: December 2019

Schematic for the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial study of RNZSC againstP. syringae(antibacterial) andF. oxysporum(antifungal).
Structural, mechanical, spectroscopic and thermodynamic characterization of the copper-uranyl tetrahydroxide mineral vandenbrandeite
Authors: Colmenero Francisco , Plášil Jakub , Cobos Joaquín , Sejkora Jiří , Timón Vicente , Čejka Jiří , Fernández Ana María , Petříček Václav
Published: December 2019

The experimental full crystal structure of vandenbrandeite is stablished for the first time and verified using first-principles methods. A detailed mechanical, spectroscopic and thermodynamic characterization is obtained from the optimized structure.
Nanoporous hybrid core–shell nanoparticles for sequential release
Authors: Jahns Mandy , Warwas Dawid Peter , Krey Marc Robert , Nolte Katharina , König Sandra , Fröba Michael , Behrens Peter
Published: December 2019

Silica inside – organosilica outside, and nanoporous throughout: Drug molecules to be released sequentially from novel core–shell nanoparticles select their location (core/shell) autonomously.
AIE-ligand-based luminescent Cd(ii)–organic framework as the first “turn-on” Fe3+ sensor in aqueous medium
Authors: Zhang Jinfang , Ren Simeng , Xia Hongchen , Jia Wen , Zhang Chi
Published: December 2019

An AIE-ligand-based luminescent Cd(ii)–organic framework is developed for the first time as a superior “turn-on” Fe3+ sensor in an aqueous medium.
Epitaxial growth of light-responsive azobenzene molecular crystal actuators on oriented polyethylene films
Authors: Varghese Shaji , Fredrich Sebastian , Vantomme Ghislaine , Prabhu Sugosh R. , Teyssandier Joan , De Feyter Steven , Severn John , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J.
Published: December 2019

We report on the epitaxial growth of photoresponsive alkyl-substituted azobenzene fibres on top of uniaxially oriented polyethylene (PE) films.
Novel and dual-mode strain-detecting performance based on a layered NiO/ZnO p–n junction for flexible electronics
Authors: Xu Minxuan , Li Xin , Jin Chengchao , He Zhiwei , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2019

A dual-mode piezoelectric transistor based on a NiO/ZnO p–n junction can detect the dynamic strain based on the piezoelectric effect, and further monitor the static strain with the regulation of energy band engineering in the p–n junction.
Chance constrained optimization of elliptic PDE systems with a smoothing convex approximation
Authors: Geletu Abebe , Hoffmann Armin , Schmidt Patrick , Li Pu
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider chance constrained optimization of elliptic partial differential equation (CCPDE) systems with random parameters and constrained state variables. We demonstrate that, under standard assumptions, CCPDE is a convex optimization problem. Since chance constrained optimization problems are generally nonsmooth and difficult to solve directly, we propose a smoothing inner-outer approximation method to generate a sequence of smooth approximate problems for the CCPDE. Thus, the optimal solution of the convex CCPDE is approximable through optimal solutions of the inner-outer approximation problems. A numerical example demonstrates the viability of the proposed approach.
Method of Reduction of Geodynamical Phenomena Catastrophical Effects on the Base of Multichannel Methods of the Precursors Finding
Authors: Makarov Vladimir
Published: December 2019

Decrease in risk of catastrophic consequences of the geodynamic phenomena of phylum of rock bursts or earthquakes demands the development of prognosis base of these events. Research of laws of formation and development of mesocracking structures on rocks samples is the most effective path of dilating of representations about mechanisms of the geodynamic phenomena and working out of methods of reduction of risks of their catastrophic exhibitings. Mathematical modelling of mesocracking structures of various hierarchical level of geomedium demands, in turn, development of theoretical base of modelling, to transferring to calibrating models of mesomechanics. In this case, of the geomedium is represented as a thermodynamically open hierarchical-block system. Addition of such models with system of strength criteria reflecting mechanisms of shear-tension of destruction at strong compression, should become the forecasting base of preparation of the geodynamic phenomena. The methods of detection of the precursors including as precursors developed on the basis of these representations, falling into source, and to near the source areas, have multichannel character. It is defined by conditions, on the one hand, independence of such systems of precursors, and, with another one – a simultaneity and synchrony of the submitted signals serving by precursors.
Identification of System with Bouc-Wen Hysteresis
Authors: Karabutov Nikolay
Published: December 2019

A method of adaptive identification of parameters for a system with Bouc-Wen hysteresis has been developed. The method is based on the use of adaptive observers and resolves the problem of stability of the identification system. Adaptive algorithms of identification were obtained using the Lyapunov second method. The stability proof of the adaptive system is based on the application of Lyapunov vector functions. Adaptive algorithms for adjusting model parameters were developed obtained and finiteness of trajectories in the adaptive system was pointed out.
Rarefied Poiseuille Flow in a Circular Tube
Authors: Germider Oksana , Popov Vasily
Published: December 2019

An isothermal rarefied gas flow through a long circular tube due to longitudinal pressure gradient (a three-dimensional Poiseuille problem) was studied using the linearized Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model kinetic equation over the whole range of the Knudsen numbers covering both free molecular and hydrodynamic regimes. The solution of the model kinetic equation with the diffuse boundary condition is obtained by the collocation method. This approach is based on the Chebyshev polynomials and rational Chebyshev functions. Choosing the zeros of Chebyshev polynomials in the multivariate range of integration for the collocation points, we reduce this problem to a set of algebraic equations. Based on the proposed approach, we have calculated the mass and the heat fluxes through the tube. The obtained results have also been compared with other studies. The developed approach may also be applied to a more general class of problems of rarefied gas flows in microand nanotubes.
Mathematical Model for the Electrokinetic Instability of Electrolyte Flow
Authors: Shobukhov Andrey
Published: December 2019

We study a one-dimensional model of the dilute aqueous solution of KCl in the electric field. Our model is based on a set of Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations and includes the incompressible fluid velocity as a parameter. We demonstrate instability of the linear electric potential variation for the uniform ion distribution and compare analytical results with numerical solutions. The developed model successfully describes the stability loss of the steady state solution and demonstrates the emerging of spatially non-uniform distribution of the electric potential. However, this model should be generalized by accounting for the convective movement via the addition of the Navier-Stokes equations in order to substantially extend its application field.
Motion of a Solid Large Spherical Aerosol Particle in a Single-Component Gas under the Influence of Carrier Medium
Authors: Schukin E.R. , Malai N.V. , Shulimanova Z.L. , Nadykto A.B.
Published: December 2019

In the article, a motion of a large solid spherical aerosol particle in a single-component gas has been investigated. Mathematical modeling has been performed The obtained formulas allow determining the time of the particle transition into the final states, and also the distances travelled by the particle. The numerical evaluations solved with the use of these formulas demonstrate that for large initial Reynolds numbers the particle stopping distance can be significant. considering inertia, particle radius and resistance of the carrier gaseous medium to its motion.
Mathematical Modeling of Charge Transfer Processes in Polymeric Ionites During the Water Vapor Sorption
Authors: Ivanov Igor , Ivanova Oksana
Published: December 2019

Based on a thermodynamic approach, a mathematical model of charge transfer processes in the polymeric ionites (ion-exchange materials) during the water vapor sorption was developed. Theoretical dependences of the resistance of a polymeric ionite on the relative air humidity over the range 10-100% at physically reasonable values of the parameters of the system were obtained. The comparison of theoretical and experimental dependences has been performed. Possible reasons for and criteria of the phase transitions that lead to stepwise change of ionite resistance were discussed. The developed mathematical model adequately describes the available experimental data and allows formulating practical recommendations on selecting optimal polymeric coatings for the electrode units of molecular-electronic humidity gauges.
Comparison of Numerical Simulations of the Electron Density in the D-Region Ionosphere with Measurements of the Radar of Partial Reflections
Authors: Gomonov Aleksandr , Yurik Roman , Shapovalova Yulia , Cherniakov Sergei , Ogloblina Olga
Published: December 2019

The paper reports results of a comparison of the measured electron density in the ionospheric D-region measured using the partial reflection facility at the observatory. Tumanny of the Polar Geophysical Institute (69.0°N, 35.7°E) with numerical simulations performed using the theoretical model of the Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI) (Murmansk, Russian Federation). The model was examined using experimental data obtained under quiet geomagnetic conditions in March, 2017. The comparative analysis carried out in this study shows a very good agreement of the PGI model with experimental data and indicates that the IRI-2016 model fails to adequately reproduce measurements in regions with high electron density gradients.
Method of Automated Detection of Traffic Violation with a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Ibadov S.R. , Kalmykov B.Y. , Ibadov R.R. , Sizyakin R.A.
Published: December 2019

This article describes the relevance of developing methods and systems for detection photo-video violations of the Rules of the road. The proposed method includes several steps: 1) detecting of the three classes of objects on a video sequence (pedestrian crossing, a motor vehicle and a human on the pedestrian crossing; 2) tracking the trajectories of the vehicle and the human on the pedestrian crossing; 3) comparing the paths of the pedestrian and the vehicle and determining whether there has been a violation of the Rules of the road for a certain period of time. For real-time object detection, we used neural network YOLO V3.
Control System of Collaborative Robotic Based on the Methods of Contactless Recognition of Human Actions
Authors: Zelensky Aleksandr , Zhdanova Marina , Voronin Viacheslav , Alepko Andrey , Gapon Nikolay , Egiazarian K.O. , Balabaeva Oksana
Published: December 2019

Human-robot collaboration is a key concept in modern intelligent manufacturing. Traditional human-robot interfaces are quite difficult to control and require additional operator training. The development of an intuitive and native user interface is important for the unobstructed interaction of human and robot in production. The control system of collaborative robotics described in the work is focused on increasing productivity, ensuring safety and ergonomics, minimize the cognitive workload of the operator in the process of human-robot interaction using contactless recognition of human actions. The system uses elements of technical vision to get of input data from the user in the form of gesture commands. As a set of commands for control collaborative robotic complexes and training the method proposed in the work, we use the actions from the UTD-MHAD database. The gesture recognition method is based on deep learning technology. An artificial neural network extracts the skeleton joints of the human and describes their position relative to each other and the center of gravity of the whole skeleton. The received descriptors feed to the input of the classifier, where the assignment to a specific class occur. This approach allows reducing the error from the redundancy of the data feed at the input of the neural network.