bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Court as Problem Solving?
Authors: Brito Tonya L. , Gordon Daanika
Published: November 2023

Problem-solving courts seek to find new responses to social, human, and legal problems, often through the integration of treatment programs that modify the behavior of litigants. Focusing on child support enforcement proceedings in family court, this Essay asks if legal actors understand these cases as adversarial, non-adversarial, or problem solving. This project draws from original, in-depth qualitative interviews with an array of legal actors— including judges, family court commissioners, child support attorneys, and defense attorneys. Findings reveal that legal actors see both adversarial and non-adversarial features in child support enforcement proceedings. However, as they develop personal and potentially conflicting orientations toward their work, litigants bear the consequences. Legal actors’ suggestion that the adversarial nature of cases can be minimized may deny litigants the opportunity to zealously advocate for their position—either in the form of effective self-representation or by acquiring an attorney. Legal actors’ competing understandings of the problems underlying the nonpayment of support also suggest that litigants do not derive the full benefits of a problemsolving model. Connections to services around job access, educational attainment, expungement, transportation, and other structural issues are irregularly or partially institutionalized. Variation in legal actors’ approaches to these cases may undermine both the rights and protections of the adversarial model and the service provision of the problem-solving model.
Home Rulings
Authors: Davidson Nestor M.
Published: November 2023

Home rule developed through nearly a century and a half of popular reform aimed at devolving legal authority, leaving a legacy of detailed constitutional provisions in many states. State courts, however, can interpret these provisions as a relatively unconstrained instrumental and normative exercise in constitutional common law, reflexively valorizing state authority in the process. Home rule jurisprudence carries an irreducible element of judicial discretion, but this Essay argues that paying insufficient attention to constitutional text—read in the context of the reform movements that help shape the adoption of those home rule provisions—undermines popular sovereignty and risks ossifying the institutional flexibility of state constitutional structure. These concerns are all the more salient at a moment of renewed interest in home rule reform.
Pendidikan Berbasis Multikultural Sebagai Upaya Penguatan Nilai Karakter Siswa di SMA Negeri 5 Kupang
Authors: Badu Miranti
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine multicultural-based education and efforts to strengthen the character values of students at SMA Negeri 5 Kupang. The approach taken was qualitative. The selection of research subjects used purposive sampling technique consisted of teachers and students. Research data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data were analyzed using source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation analysis techniques. This study shows several findings; (1) multicultural-based education is implemented by providing encouragement to students through group work so that students can automatically establish cooperative relationships and mutual respect among themselves, and also implemented through the attitudes and ethics of teachers so that students can imitate the good attitudes and ethics shown by teacher. Students are also taught to always respect and respect each other both between students and students, students with teachers and students with parents. (2) The efforts made in strengthening student character are to encourage students to always be honest, respect each other, be responsible for completing assignments given by the teacher, always show commendable attitudes such as always obeying school rules, respecting older people, and respecting fellow students without looking at ethnic, religious, national and racial differences.
Penerapan Model Pembe Lajaran Learning Cycle 5E Pada Materi Konflik Sosial
Authors: Seu Wesli Erwanci
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the application of the Learning Cycle 5E Learning Model at Grade XI IPS SMA Efata Soe. This type of research was Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was intended to improve classroom learning. The subject of this study was 23 students at Grade XI IPS SMA Efata Soe. This research was conducted in two cycles. In each cycle, there were 2 meetings, and an evaluation or test was held at the end of the meeting. Data collection techniques used observation sheets, interviews, tests, and documentation. The data analysis technique used qualitative and quantitative data analysis. This research shows that there was an increase in student learning outcomes in learning sociology in Cycle II. Sociology learning outcomes at the Pre-Cycle meeting total scores of 1,560 with an average of 67.8 and Cycle 1 total scores of 1,640 with an average of 71.30 while Cycle II total scores of 1,910 with an average of 83.8. This study shows that the success criteria set by the researcher were 80% above the KKM 72, so this research was said to be successful because it has achieved success indicators.
Engine size and proportion of catch kept affects fish catch in Pujada Bay, Davao Oriental
Authors: Liguez Arianne Kay
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to calculate the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and determine the status of the finfish population in Pujada Bay. This was conducted through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion, and validation of actual catch sampling/logbook information taken from the interviews. Fishers mostly catch bigeye scad (Selar crumenopthalmus), flat needlefish (Ablennes hians), horseface unicornfish (Naso fageni), purple eyebrowed tuskfish (Choerodon zamboangae), silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus), and African red snapper (Lutjanus agennes) in Barangay Tamisan and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Barangay Macambol. Results relating socioeconomic and fisheries variables to catch did not produce significant results. Further analysis using regression showed that normal catch was influenced by engine size and the proportion of catch kept by fishers (P≤0.05). Analysis of CPUE of fishers in Tamisan also revealed significant differences with the best catch having the highest CPUE (1.57 kg/hr), normal catch (0.62 kg/hr), and worst catch (0.27 kg/hr) with haul time of 5.46 hours. This was also similar in the case of Macambol which showed significant differences in the catches e.g. best catch having the highest CPUE (7.08 kg/hr), normal (4.37 kg/hr), and worst catch (2.54 kg/hr) with haul time 9.23 hours. Most species caught in Pujada Bay between Tamisan and Macambol are piscivores, other species are molluscivores, omnivores, carnivores, planktivores, and herbivores. Engine size in horsepower and proportion of catch kept by fishers affected the number of fish caught.
Potentials of Blended Learning in Changing the Delivery of Literacy Education and Skills Acquisition in Nigeria in the Digital Age
Authors:   Department of Adult Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria., Muibi Taofeek Gbolahan
Published: November 2023

The potential for blended learning to change how literacy instruction and skill acquisition are delivered in Nigeria in the digital age, as well as its many advantages, are covered in the paper. Learning has become more appealing and efficient thanks to blended learning’s flexibility and interactive features. Additionally, it has helped students access education and helped faculty members get ready for the digital age of employment. In essence, it improves teaching and learning opportunities, student academic accomplishment, and access to education for all. In order to strengthen our literacy education delivery in Nigeria in light of the Covid-19 pandemic’s resurgence, blended learning must be included into the delivery of literacy education and the acquisition of skills. The concept of blended learning, a conceptual view of literacy in literature, a new construct of literacy and its recognition of its core values, a concept of skill acquisition, a theory of blended learning, roles of information and communication technology in blended learning effectiveness in the digital age, the challenges in integrating blended learning into Nigerian literacy education, and the conclusion are all explored in this paper. The report ends with suggestions for tactically implementing blended learning in Nigerian literacy and skill development.
Copyright und Zensur, Big Data bei SSRN, Everything is a Remix
Authors: Fischer Georg
Published: November 2023

Der britische

Guardian

berichtet von einem undurchsichtigen

Zensur-Streit

zwischen der Handwerksplattform

Buildteam

und einer Kundin: Aus einem Internet-Forum wurde eine negative Rezension der Kundin entfernt, die Buildteam offenbar nicht gefiel – eigentlich ein Fall von Zensur.
Gender And Xyz Generations Perspective On Academic Misconduct: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Endah Susilowati  , Diah Hari Suryaningrum  , Sari Andayani
Published: November 2023

Academic misconduct not only violates the rules and ethics that govern the academic world but also destroys the integrity of individuals and the quality of education. This study aims to explain academic dishonesty from the perspective of gender and XYZ generations by using a qualitative descriptive method. A total of 155 students and lecturers from three universities were engaged in this study. The study was located on Java Island Indonesia which represents the most universities in Indonesia. The findings of this study indicated, first, that females are more careful in engaging in academic misconduct such as plagiarism than males. However, from past experience, females were more inclined to practice copy-pasting in their works than males. Second, it was found that the act of copy-pasting was increasing from generation to generation. The implication of higher education to sustain the quality of education is by forcing the punishment for students or lecturers who are engaged in academic misconduct. When examples of academic misconduct occur among lecturers or staff members and students, this can send a negative message to the community about the importance of integrity and ethical behavior.
Forest Fire Incident Forecasting System In Permanent Reserved Forest In Peninsular Malaysia Using Big Data Analytics
Authors:   Graduate school of business Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia, Mat Deli Mazzlida
Published: November 2023

Purpose – This paper summarized the research project on the implementation of big data analytics to forecast the forest fire incident in Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – The research project has developed a Forest Fire Incident Forecasting System in Permanent Reserves Forest (PRF) to forecast forest fire incidence in Peninsular Malaysia. This project was conducted for the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM) in collaboration with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change (NRECC) using Big Data Analytics (BDA). Findings – The results from the system have been summarized into four conclusions. Firstly, the forecast of areas with fire potential can be identified as early as 7 days; secondly, the location of relevant agencies to deal with forest fires close to the site of the fire incident can be identified. Third, the water source close to the fire scene can be located; and finally, the estimated cost of the extinguishing operation can be determined in advance. Practical Implications - To overcome these obstacles and accomplish wise forest management, modern science, and technology must be improved. This research project has successfully implemented BDA via the Forest Fire Incident Forecasting System in PRF. It has improved the performance of the JPSM for its forest management system. Originality – The project is originally conducted with collaborations between the JPSM and NRECC in the Malaysian federal government and has been successfully implemented by the forestry department.
从 NEAP 阅读项目自动评分的数据挑战赛中汲取的公平性评估经验
Authors: Beiting-Parrish Magdalen , Whitmer John
Published: November 2023

自然语言处理(NLP)在各个领域被广泛用于预测学生开放式反应的人为评分 (Johnson et al., 2022)。保证基于学生人口统计学因素的算法公平是至关重要的 (Madnani et al., 2017)。本研究对数据挑战赛中表现最好的六个参赛者进行了公平性分析，涉及20个NEAP阅读理解项目，这些项目最初是基于种族和性别进行公平性分析的。本研究描述了包括英语语言学习者身份(ELLs)、个人教育计划以及免费/优惠午餐在内的附加公平性评估。许多项目在成绩预测上表现出较低的准确性，其中对ELLs表现得最为明显。本研究推荐在评分公平性评估中纳入额外的人口统计学因素，同样，公平性分析需要考虑多重因素和背景。
Tourism Influencers’ Photos: A Guideline for Creating Promotional Media
Authors: Nukulkam Nattapon , Theppituck Tatiya
Published: November 2023

This research examined the tourism imagery on social media posted by influencers to provide a guideline for creating promotional content in accordance with the travel needs and motives depicted in sample photographs. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to determine categories of content based on travel motivation studies and photography and to analyze photographs collected from Thai tourism influencers. The extracted data were organized to form a guideline. The first finding suggests that there are four dimensions in the content of travel photography: Escaping, or the desire to rest in a different environment; Seeking or Exploration, or the need to seek novelty; Intrapersonal, or the need for self-improvement; and Interpersonal, or the need for kinship or social interaction. The second finding is a guideline for creating tourism promotional media, derived from the data obtained from the analysis of sample photographs. According to the data, the most essential contents are those relating to Natural Aspects and Relaxation, followed by Leisure and Learning Activities. Content that falls outside of these categories is usually specific to the narrative or qualities of the destination and should be considered Content According to Storytelling.
الضوابط والتنبيهات على الأخطاء الشائعة في التلاوة عند المقرئ جمال الدين الملحاني938هـ
Authors: الفقيه د. سلطان علي صالح
Published: November 2023

يهدف البحث إلى إبراز دور المقرئ المِلْحَانِي في إثراء علم القراءات في بعض المسائل التجويدية، والتدليل على ذلك بالأمثلة والشواهد من كتب المِلْحَانِي نفسه حتى يتبين بذلك منهجه وأثره في التنبيهات والأخطاء الشائعة في التلاوة، وقد قُسم البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الأول: أساسيات التجويد عند المقرئ المِلْحَانِي ومنهجيته فيه، المبحث الثاني: التبيهات على الأخطاء الشائعة في التلاوة، الميحث الثالث: التنبيهات والضوابط في بعض المسائل التجويدية، وكان من أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها في الدراسة التنبيه إلى عدم التساهل في ألفاظ القرآن كما يفعله بعض الجهلة، والحرص على القراءة على الحذاق الماهرين، والتنبيه على الأخطاء الشائعة في عصر المِلْحَانِي، وبيان بعض الضوابط في بعض المسائل في التجويد، والتنبيه على بعض الكلمات خاصة، والأخطاء الشائعة لمن يقرأ برواية قالون.
موانع تأثر الكفار بآيات القرآن الكريم- دراسة عقدية2023
Authors: مزروع أحمد علي مصلح
Published: November 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان موانع تأثر الكفار بآيات القرآن الكريم من جانب عقدي؛ لأن العقيدة محور الإسلام الذي ارتضاها الله تعالى للجن والأنس، وأنزل القرآن الكريم على محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، وجعله سبيل هداية للبشرية ما دامت السموات والأرض، فنجد أن كشف مكنون الآفة التي عليها الكفار نحو الدين والقرآن الكريم، من الأهمية بمكان، ليتبين الحق من الباطل، وتكون أمة الإسلام على بصيرة من أمرها، عارفة بموانع عدم تأثر الكفار بآيات القرآن الكريم، هذا، وقد قسمت البحث على قسمين اثنين هما: الأول: بيان مصطلحات البحث، الثاني: بيان موانع تأثر الكفار بآيات القرآن الكريم، وفروع ذلك، وضرورة النظر في دقائقها، واستخلاصها، وبيان أساليب الكفار، مبيناً ومستنبطاً المسائل العقدية، وتوضيحها، لإبراز موانع تأثر الكفار بآيات القرآن الكريم، وضرورة النظر فيها، لبيان خطورتها، وتوضيح مسالك الكفار والمنافقين في صدهم عن دين الله – عز وجل – كبراً، وعناداً، وصداً، واستهزاءً، وخلصت إلى أهم نتيجة التي تتمثل في أن أهم الموانع هي الشرك بالله - عز وجل - ، التمسك بآثار الآباء والأجداد، عدم تعظيم الإسلام، التعلق بالهوى (هوى الشبهات – هوى الشهوات)، حب الزعامة، الصد عن الحق وعدم التحاكم إلى القرآن الكريم، الاستهزاء بالآيات القرآنية (مسلك الكفار – مسلك المنافقين).
Bernhard und Handke. Einblicke in ihre Rezeption in Bulgarien
Authors: Razbojnikova-Frateva Maja
Published: November 2023

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die unterschiedlichen Formen der Rezeption von zwei maßgebenden österreichischen Autoren der 2. Hälfte des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts in Bulgarien. Ausgangspunkt bildet die Rekonstruktion der übersetzerischen Tätigkeit, es werden die wichtigsten Teilnehmer*innen an diesem Prozess zusammengetragen. Des Weiteren wird der Versuch unternommen auch andere Rezeptionsformen zu recherchieren und die Faktoren zusammenzufassen, die den literarischen Transfer zwischen Sprachen und von einer Nationalliteraturin eineandere begünstigen und fremdsprachigeAutor*innen in Protagonist*innen des einheimischen, in diesem Falle des bulgarischen, Kulturkontextes verwandeln.
Скандинавската детска литература – традиция и новаторство
Authors: Mihaylova Nadezhda , Gospodinova Antonia
Published: November 2023

The choice of the topic of the present paper is connected with the seventy-fifth anniversary of the creation of “Pippi Longstocking” by Astrid Lindgren, which was translated into more than 70 languages. The aim of the paper is to outline the tradition of Scandinavian children’s literature, focusing on the storytelling mastery of Hans Christian Andersen, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, Jørgen Moe, Selma Lagerlöf and Astrid Lindgren – pioneers and innovators in the genre of the fairy tale, stories and novels for children not only in the Scandinavian north, but also in the world. The specific literary devices, means of expression, themes, choice of literary characters and imagery in these authors’ literary works are the object of study and are referred to as the basis for the development of Scandinavian literature today.
Политически и поетически измерения на литературата: конфликти и пресечни точки
Authors: Arnaudova Svetlana
Published: November 2023

The article focuses on literature’s place in a social, historical and cultural context. It also explores literature’s political commitment across different periods in history. Special attention is placed on the notion of the “autonomy of art” and the self-determination of authors and separate literary movements as apolitical – something which often does not correspond to their real impact on social processes. The article also poses the question how literature influences the reader in a cognitive and emotional way via direct political and moral messages, via innovative aesthetic forms, and via the creation of an alternate reality. The article has a didactic focus and is intended for students in philological disciplines.
Проблеми при превода на местоименни обръщения от немски на български език
Authors: Kaynakchiev Simeon
Published: November 2023

This article studies the translation of pronominal forms of address from German to Bulgarian. The study examines the development of the pronominal forms of address in German and in Bulgarian. This serves as a basis for the comparison of both systems and the analysis of their asymmetry. Examples from literature texts are used to illustrate the different uses of the pronominal forms of address in German and the features and deficiencies of their respective translations in Bulgarian are analysed. This analysis allows the development of possible methods for adequate translation of pronominal forms of address.
Sistem Informasi Pengumuman dan Komunikasi di Tingkat SMP dan SMA
Authors: Husda Baso Riadi Husda , Andi Ashilla Khaerunnisa  , Rahel Alik  , Alif Kurniawan  , Miftahul Jannah Saidir
Published: November 2023

Kebutuhan dan gaya hidup masyarakat saat ini telah menyebabkan perkembangan pesat di berbagi bidang. Salah satunya bidang teknologi. Sementara bidang teknologi berkembang, membawa pengaruh di berbagai institusi. Salah satu Lembaga yang mengalami dampar tersebut adalah Lembaga Pendidikan. Dengan adanya pengaruh tersebut, tampaknya mendorong siswa sekkolah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di sekolah dengan manfaat kemajuan teknologi sebagai sarana komunikasi. Informasi atau pengumuman dapat ditemukan dengan mudah pada jaringan yang dikelola oleh pengelola sekolah. Dengan demikian, warga sekolah dapat menerima informasi dan notifikasi kapansaja dan di nama saja.
Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Mamdani Untuk Menentukan Tingkat Jumlah Pernikahan Dini Tahun 2022 Kabupaten Barru
Authors: Baso Riadi Husda  , Muh. Nakkir  , Ahmad Albar  , Andi Muhammad Asfiandy  , Muh.Faiz Fakhrizal  , Muhammad Ahsin Thahir
Published: November 2023

Marriage is an important moment in the life of every individual that connects physically and emotionally between a man and a woman as husband and wife, with the aim of forming a balanced and lasting family based on belief in God Almighty. Early marriage is a marriage that takes place in their teens, who have not yet reached or have just passed their teenage years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the age range for adolescents is 12-24 years. In this research, we will implement the Mamdani fuzzy method to determine the level of the number of early marriages in 2022 in Barru district. In this research, we will implement the Mamdani fuzzy method to determine the level of the number of early marriages in 2022 in Barru district. In conclusion, by combining statistical data obtained with the implemented Fuzzy Mamdani method, we can determine the level of the number of early marriages in 2022 in Barru district based on the input variables provided.
دبلوماسية المؤتمرات الدولية في الالفية الثالثة
Authors: خضير أ.د. محمد ياس , المكوطر عمار احمد اسماعيل
Published: November 2023

تكمن مشكلة البحث في عدم الاتفاق على مفهوم محدد للدبلوماسية من الناحية اللغوية أو الاصطلاحية، لذلك تعددت أشكالها وأنواعها، لعل من أهمها دبلوماسية المؤتمرات الدولية التي حظيت بدور فاعل في تسوية العديد من المشكلات والنزاعات والحروب الدولية، ومن ثم إسهامها بشكل كبير في حماية السلم والأمن الدوليين, في حالة توافر مستلزمات نجاحها من إرادة سياسية وتوافق في مصالح الأطراف المعنية.

وينطلق السؤال المركزي للبحث، المتجسد في ماهية مفهومي الدبلوماسية والمؤتمرات الدولية ؟ وعلى هذا الأساس، تم تقسيم هذا البحث على مبحثين، تناول المبحث الأول معنى الدبلوماسية لغةً واصطلاحاً وتمييزهُ عن غيره من المفاهيم المقاربة، فيما تناول المبحث الثاني تأصيل دبلوماسية المؤتمرات الدولية وخصائصها(*).

The problem of this research lay in the lack of agreement on a specific concept of diplomacy in terms of language or terminology. For this reason diplomacy varied in its forms and types, perhaps the most important of which is diplomacy of international conferences that have played an active role in solving many problems, disputes and international wars. As such diplomacy has contributed significantly to the protection of international peace and security due to the availability of its   success such as political will and shared interests of the parties concerned.

Hence the central question of research concerns the concepts of diplomacy and international conferences. On this basis, this research is divided into two sections. While the first section deals with the meaning of diplomacy in terms of language and terminology, distinguishing it from other concepts, the other section is dedicated to originating the diplomacy of international conferences and its characteristics.
آثار رهن براءة الاختراع بين المتعاقدين
Authors: جعفر أ.م.د. محمد حنون , علي غالب كريم
Published: November 2023

هنالك اثار قانونيه في رهن براءة الاختراع ، بالنسبة للراهن و هذه الاثار تعطيه حقوقا، وهي على نوعين: حقه في التصرف في براءة الاختراع عند رهنها وهذا التصرف يكون مستقلا عن الرهن ،لان الرهن يكون مسجلا في سجلات خاصة به وكذلك له حق استغلال البراءة. وقد يرتب هذا النوع من الرهن التزامات على الراهن وهي تسجيل الرهن والمحافظة عليه وضمان سلامته .اما بالنسبة لاثار الرهن بالنسبة للدائن المرتهن فقد تكون له حقوق على براءة الاختراع ولا تكون عليه التزامات قانونية . ورهن براءة الاختراع تتم دون انتقال الحيازة فيه فهو رهن منقول معنوي يضاف الى الرهن الحيازي و لكنه يختلف عن اثار الرهن بين المتعاقدين في الرهن الحيازي.

There are legal effects on the pledging of the invention certificate for its own owner. These effects give him rights, and they are of two types: his right to use of his invention certificate when he pledged it, and this behavior is independent of the pledge, because the pledge is recorded in his own records, and he also has the right to exploit the invention. This type of pledge may entail obligations for the current owner, as to register and maintain the pledge and ensure its safety.As for the effects on the creditor, he may have the rights of the invention without legal obligations. Pledging invention certificate is done without transferring of its possession, as it is a moral transferred pledge added to the possession pledge, but it differs from the effects of the pledge between the contractors in the possession pledge.
Shi’a Islam and Religious Secularism Sayyed al-Sistani and the Civil State in Iraq
Authors: Dr. Fouad J. Kadhem
Published: November 2023

Introduction Over the last two decades or so, great amount of discussion raised regarding secularism. While Europeans and Western people in general took secularism for granted, the case is still vague and unresolved for most, if not all of Muslims. Although it is one of the most popular yet debatable issues in the Arab and Islamic discourse, secularism seems to have been one of less agreed ideas. Dozens of books published, ranging from attacking this Western disease to praising it as the last hope for humanity.
ذاتية القانون الجنائي فلسفياً
Authors: أ.م.د مبدر الويس
Published: November 2023

يمثل القانون الجنائي قواعد قانونية عقابية حددها المُشرِّع لمكافحة الجرائم  التي تخل بأمن المجتمع واستقراره وردعها, وينمــاز القانون الجنائي بخصوصية فلسفية في شرحه وتفسيره للأفعال الجرمية التي يرتكبها الأفراد , و يمتد نطاق تطبيق القانون الجنائي من حيث الزمان والمكان، فمن حيث الزمان يسري على الجرائم القانون النافذ وقت ارتكابها، ويرجع تحديد وقت ارتكاب الجريمة إلى الوقت الذي تمت فيه أفعال تنفيذها من دون النظر إلى وقت تحقيق نتيجتها , وتحقيقاً لفلسفة عدالة القانون الجنائي، فأنــَّه في حال صدور قانون بعد ارتكاب الجريمة ، وقبل أن يصبح الحكم الصادر فيها نهائياً فهنا يطبق القانون الأصلح للمتهم.
Gertrude Bell and the Genesis of Sectarian Division in Modern Iraq
Authors: Dr. Fouad J Kadhem
Published: November 2023

Sectarian jargon has become part and parcel of the Iraqi political scene after 2003. Sectarian phenomenon, however, has always been part of Iraqi political life at least since the creating of Iraqi state in 1921. This study, examines specifically the British role in creating the sectarian division in Iraq as viewed by Iraqi Shi’is.  Iraqi Shi’is have always put forward their claim as the most affected by the political division resulted after 1921. The paper will present first a varied spectrum of reflections for Shi’a intellectuals and ‘ulama of enduring British role. I shall review then an historical evolution of Shi’a-British encounter to assess finally, how this experience has shaped the attitudes and mentality of present Shi’a personals and forces in Iraq.
قراءة في أساس مسؤولية الموجب عن سحب الايجاب
Authors: الخفاجي د. عزيز كاظم جبر
Published: November 2023

يظن بعضهم خطأً أنَّ كثيراً من موضوعات القانون المدني أشبعت بحثاً , إذ لم تعدّ قادرة على استيعاب المزيد من الآراء حول بعض تفاصيلها , سيما تلك التي تتعلَّق بالمبادئ الأساسية للتصرفات القانونية.

 وهو قول محل نظر في اعتقادنا , فإذا كانت قواعد القانون المدني متناهية , فإنَّ ما يدخل في حكمها غير متناه , ولاسيما إذا ما نظرنا إلى ذلك القانون بشقيه المعاملات المدنية والأحوال الشخصية , وبناءً عليه لا يوجد وفقـاً لما نراه موضوعاً لا يصلح للكتابة فيه , أو لا يحتمل مزيداً من الآراء في بعض جزئياته , ومن ذلك الموضوع محل المناقشة , فمن يسأل عن الإيجاب , مثلاً يتلقى جواباً سريعاً أنَّـه موضوع لا جديــد فيه , فالقانون قد عالج أحكـامه تفصيلاً , إذ أصبح واضحاً حتى للمبتدئين في دراسة القانون , فالموجب ملزم بالبقاء على إيجابه , وإلا كان مسؤولاً تجاه من وجه إليه , وهذا صحيح ولا اعتراض عليه, ولكنَّ أساس تلك المسؤولية, ورأي الفقه فيها, وموقف القانون منها أمور بحاجة إلى مزيد من النقاش؛ لبلورة موقف واضح بشأنها, لاسيما وأنَّ ما ورد في كتب الفقه عن هذا الموضوع لا يتعدى إشارات بسيطة متفرقة لا يجمعها جامع ولا يسندها واقع, وساهم في ذلك كله عدم حسم هذه المسألة بنص قانوني صريح يمكن أَن يكون حجر الزاوية في هذا الأمـر , لذلك وجدت من الأفضل أن أضع تقسيماً ثنائياً أبحث بـه عن أساس مسؤولية الموجب عن سحب الايجاب ، يتمثل في اعتماد نظريتي العمل القانوني والفعل القانوني , فإذا كان العمل القانوني يعتمد الإرادة أساساً في إنشائه , وفي ترتيب أثره , كما في العقد والإرادة المنفردة , فإنَّ الفعل القانوني حوادث مجردة عن الإرادة تحدث فترتب أثراً قانونياً, سواء كانت طبيعية , كالولادة والوفاة والقرابة والتقادم وما سواهــا  أم ناشئـة عن فعل من قام بها وإن لم تكن لديه نية ترتيب نتائجها , كما في الأعمال غير المشروعة عموماً , ونحاول أَن نردّ كلَّ ما قيل في هذا الموضوع , وما نراه بشأنه إلى هذين الأساسين , لذلك سنقسم البحث إلى فرعين: نخصصهما على التوالي لمناقشة الموضوعين أعلاه, ولكن بعد أن نمهد لهما ببيان معنى الايجاب, وأنواعه؛ لأهمية ذلك في البحث .
प्राचीन शिक्षा-व्यवस्था में आधुनिक चुनौतियाँ: शिक्षा के सार्वभौमिकरण के संदर्भ में एक अध्ययन
Authors: चौधरी नेहा , पाण्डेय प्रो लाजो
Published: November 2023

वर्तमान प्राचीन समाज में सभी नागरिक शिक्षा प्राप्त नागरिक हों इसके लिए समाज और सामाजिक व्यवस्थाओं ने शिक्षा के विकास के लिए काफी प्रयास किए। वर्तमान में भी देश ने शिक्षा का स्तर सुधारने के लिए सरकार द्वारा सभी के लिए शिक्षा का लक्ष्य रखा गया है शिक्षा की अनिवार्यता के दृष्किोण से शिक्षा का सार्वभौमिकरण किया गया। देश में सार्वभौमिक शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में अत्यधिक उन्नति हुई है, परन्तु सार्वभौमिक शिक्षा ने गुण को क्षीण कर दिया है। वर्तमान समय में वि‛व में वैज्ञानिक एवं प्राविधिक विकास की गति अत्यधिक तीव्र है। परन्तु भारत देश में इस दिशा में बहुत काम करने की आव‛यकता है। स्वतंत्रता के पश्चात् हमारा देश वैज्ञानिक विकसित हेतु कई कार्य हुए हैं। परन्तु अभी भी बहुत कुछ करना बाकी है। वैज्ञानिक एवं प्राविधिक विकास की दृष्टि से अभी तक अमेरिका, रूस, जर्मनी, जापान जैसे देशों के मुकाबले एक पिछड़े राष्ट्र हैं। अपनी इस कमी को पूरा करना हमारी शिक्षा का उद्देश्य है। हमारी शिक्षा-व्यवस्था की सबसे बड़ी चुनौती यह है कि हमारी प्राचीन से लेकर आधुनिक शिक्षा-पद्धति कमोवेश साहित्यिक रही है। प्रयोगात्मक कार्यों और कौषलताओं को महत्व कम दिया गया। पढ़-लिखकर भी छात्र बेरोजगार रहता है। शिक्षा हमारी उत्पादन क्षमता को नहीं बढ़ाती। बेरोजगारी की समस्या देश के सम्मुख विकट रूप धारण किये हुये हैं। इस समस्या को जहाँ और तरीकों से हल करना है, वहाँ इसका समाधान शिक्षा-पद्धति में मौलिक सुधार लाकर भी करना होगा। शिक्षा में कार्य अनुभव, व्यवसायिक आधार एवं उत्पादक क्षमता में भी यही माँग है। इसलिये हमारी शिक्षा का उद्देश्य है कि ऐसी शिक्षा 2 व्यवस्था का विकास करना जिसमें प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के लिये उपर्युक्त कार्य जुटाना। हमें अपने शैक्षिकसाधनों का सर्वाधिक उपयोग करना है। परन्तु शिक्षा में व्यर्थता व गतिरोध जैसी समस्याएँ हमारे साधनों का अपव्यय सिद्ध हो रही है। अतएव प्राचीन शिक्षा-व्यवस्था का अनुशीलन कर आधुनिक शिक्षा की इन कमियों में सुधार की आवष्यकता है। मुख्य शब्द : शिक्षा व्यवस्था, चुनौतियाँ, सार्वभौमिकरण।
अदम गोंडवी की रचनाओं में स्त्री चेतना
Authors: विशेन चंद्र देव सिंह , मिश्र डॉ अनुराग
Published: November 2023

शोध सार-किसी भी समय व समाज की सही दशा ज्ञात करनी हो तो उस समय व समाज की स्त्रियों की स्थिति पर विचार करना होगा। प्रश्न यह है कि स्त्रियों की दशा पर विचार करने के लिए क्या स्त्रियों द्वारा लिखित साहित्य पर ही विचार किया जाएगा? या महिला रचनाकारों द्वारा महिलागाथा को ही स्त्री विमर्श माना जाएगा। महिलाएं भी समाज का अंग है समाज में स्त्री पुरुष दोनों का सहजीवन है। पुरुष रचनाकारों द्वारा भी अपनी रचनाओं में ऐसी महिला चरित्रों को प्रमुखता दी गई है जो अपनी स्वतंत्रता, शोषण, गरीबी, अशिक्षा, असमानता, अस्तित्व आदि के लिए संघर्षरत रही हैं। महिला लेखन केवल महिला से नहीं बल्कि समग्र समाज से जुड़ा हुआ है इसलिए समाज में रहने वाला हर व्यक्ति जो महिलाओं के संघर्ष, स्वतंत्रता और अधिकार चेतना को सशक्त बनाने हेतु उसे स्वर दे।उसे स्त्री विमर्श के दायरे में रखा जाना चाहिए। चित्रा मुद्गल ने तो यहां तक कहा है कि ‘मर्दों ने स्त्री विमर्श को ज्यादा ठीक से समझा है।
भारतीय मलिन बस्तियों का सामाजिक अध्ययन
Authors: भारती प्रीति , त्रिपाठी डॉ योगेन्द्र प्रसाद
Published: November 2023

मलिन बस्तियां औद्योगिकरण व नगरीकरण का फलन है, जो कई मानसिक एवं आर्थिक समस्याओं को जन्म देती है, जैसे- पानी, विद्युत, जल निकासी, स्वच्छ वातावरण, सड़कें आदि सुविधाओं का अभाव होता है। वर्तमान में औद्योगिक केंद्रों में जनसंख्या की तीव्र वृद्धि हुई है एवं उसी के अनुपात में मकानों का निर्माण नहीं हो पाने के कारण वहां अनेक मलिन बस्तियां बन गई, जिन्हें हम आज मलिन बस्ती के नाम से जानते हैं। विश्व के प्रत्येक प्रमुख नगर में नगर के पांचवें भाग से लेकर आधे भाग तक की जनसंख्या मलिन बस्तियों अथवा उसी के समान दशाओं वाले मकानों में रहती हैं।
73वें एवं 74वें संविधान संशोधन में अनुसूचित जाति की महिलाओं की स्थिति
Authors: कुमार धर्मेन्द्र , सिंह प्रमोद
Published: November 2023

भारतीय समाज में महिलाओं की प्रस्थिति में वैदिक काल से लेकर आधुनिक काल तक उतार-चढ़ाव दृष्टिगत होता है, हिन्दू जीवन दर्शन में महिलाओं को सभ्यता का स्रोत, संस्कृति निर्माता, जीवन दायिनी भी माना जाता रहा है। किन्तु व्यक्तिगत रुप से वैदिक काल को छोड़कर महिलाओं को निरन्तर संघर्ष करना पड़ा है। महिलाओं को सुख सम्पत्ति ज्ञान एवं शक्ति का भी प्रतीक माना जाता है। लक्ष्मी, दुर्गा, सरस्वती का भी प्रतीक माना जाता है। महिलाओं को जहाँ अद्धांगिनी के रुप में सम्मान प्राप्त है जिसके बिना पुरुषों के किसी भी कर्तव्यों की पूर्ति सम्भव नहीं है। उत्तर वैदिक काल से समाज में सामाजिक व्यवस्था रुढ़ियों में जकड़ी हुई दिखाई पड़ती है। वर्ण व्यवस्था क्रम में जहाँ उच्च, निम्न की भावना का विकास हुआ, आधुनिक काल आते-आते उच्च वर्ग, मध्यम वर्ग एवं निम्न वर्ग की क्रमबद्धता दिखाई पड़ने लगी। वर्ण एवं जाति की क्रमबद्धता में भी स्त्रियाँ हमेशा निम्न पाय-दान पर बनी रहीं। यदि कहीं समय से पूर्ण ही पंचायत भंग हो जाय तो उस ग्राम पंचायत में छः माह के अन्दर नवीन निर्वाचन करने होंगे। पदों का आरक्षण अनुसूचित जाति/अनुसूचित जनजाति और महिलआों के लिए निश्चत है। अनुसूचित जाति एवं अनुसूचित जनजाति के लिए आरक्षित कुल पदों में 30प्रतिशत महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित है। संविधान संशोधन में पंचायत के कार्यों एवं शक्तियों का भी उल्लेख किया गया है। ये संविधान की दसवीं सूची में रखे गये हैं।
राष्ट्रीय स्वयं सेवक संघ की स्थापना : एक सांस्कृतिक परिप्रेक्ष्य
Authors: सिंह रमाकान्त , सिंह प्रो एम पी
Published: November 2023

स्वतंत्रता से पूर्व स्थापित राष्ट्रीय स्वयं सेवक संघ मूल रुप से भारतीय संस्कृति के सरंक्षण से जुड़ी रही है। हिन्दू धर्म के पुनरुत्थान तथा उसके गौरवशाली परम्पराओं को पुनर्जीवित करने का प्रयास संघ के द्वारा अपनी स्थापना काल से ही किया जा रहा है। बौद्धिकता के साथ समाज सेवा से जुडे हुए विभिन्न कार्याे में इसकी सहभागिता इसे आम जनमानस के मध्य एक लोकप्रिय संगठन के रुप में स्थापित करता है। राजनीतिक संरक्षण एवं प्रतिद्वन्द्विता से मुक्त राष्ट्रीय स्वयं संघ अपने अनुषंगी संगठनों के माध्यम से सांस्कृतिक , नैतिक एवं आर्थिक उत्थान के साथ राजनीतिक विचारधारा को प्रभावित करने का कार्य कर रही है। अपनी स्थापना के शताब्दी वर्ष में प्रवेश करने के लिए तत्पर संघ अपनी मूल विचारधारा को सजोए हुए देश काल एवं परिस्थितियों के अनुरुप स्वयं को परिवर्तित करती रही है।
RESEARCH OF RECIPROCATING SPEED OF THE RODS SUSPENSION POINT IN THE LOW-SPEED OPERATION MODE OF THE MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION OF THE NEW CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTION OF THE SUCKER-ROD PUMP
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, AHMEDOV Beyali , KHALILOV Isa ,   Azerbaijan Technical University, HAJIYEV Anar ,   Azerbaijan Technical University
Published: November 2023

The article investigates the problem of determining the number of swings of the rods suspension point of the new constructive solution of the sucker-rod pumping unit in the lowspeed operation mode. It was determined that this small value of the speed causes a decrease in the maximum kinetic energy caused by the mechanical transmission of the rod well pump, and therefore, considering this energy parameter of the system as an analyzed parameter is of great practical importance. Therefore, in the article, as a criterion for the low-speed operation mode, a comparison of the maximum kinetic energy of the pumping unit and the useful energy spent on lifting of the liquid from the well was proposed. It was determined that with the increase in the diameter of the plunger, the useful energy used on lifting the liquid from the well increases, and accordingly, the share of kinetic energies in the total used energy balance increases accordingly.
A CONSTANT VOLUMETRIC-FAILURE-STRAIN EROSION FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF INERTIA AND STRAIN RATE ON THE CRUSHING STRENGTH OF A CELLULAR CONCRETE
Authors:   Izmir Institute of Technology, AKYOL Burak , GÜDEN Mustafa ,   Izmir Institute of Technology
Published: November 2023

The effect of inertia and strain rate on the failure of a cellular autoclaved aerated concrete (600 kg m-3 ) was investigated using MAT_096 material model together with a constant volumetric-failure-strain erosion criterion in the LSDYNA. A rate insensitive, constant compressive yield stress, and a rate sensitive, variable compressive yield stress, model were implemented and the results of models were compared with those of experimental compression tests conducted at similar strain rates, between 2x10-3 s -1 and ~4150 s-1 . Results have shown an “s-type” compressive strength relation with strain rate, broadly composing of three distinct regions: a lower-velocity-dependentstrength region at the quasi-static velocities, a higher-velocity-dependent-strength region at intermediate velocities and again a lower-velocity-dependent-strength region above ~1150 s-1 . In experimentally tested samples, a shock fracture strength was presumed to be reached in the higher velocity-dependent strength region, resulting in a cut-off DIF value (2.78), while in numerically tested samples, the compressive strength increased with increasing strain rate in the third region. One dimensional state of strain condition above a critical velocity was also shown numerically. The stress triaxiality increased to 0.66 between 1 and 30 m s-1 , reaching a fully constraint 1D state of strain condition above 30 m s-1 . In accord with this, the numerical failure mode, as with that of experiments, switched from an axial- to a radial-dominated cracking after ~20 m s-1 . Finally, the strain rate dependent compressive strength was numerically shown as partly arising due to the change of deformation state from a 1D state of stress to a 1D state of strain and partly due to the intrinsic rate sensitivity of cellular concrete.
FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS: EULER-BERNOULLI BEAM ON WINKLER FOUNDATION AND VIBRATING MOTION OF SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM
Authors:   Yıldız Technical University, TEKİN Gülçin , KADIOĞLU Fethi ,   Istanbul Technical University
Published: November 2023

The Finite Difference Method (FDM) is one of the most powerful numerical solution techniques and has the ability to handle most types of analysis in structural mechanics. In this study, examples of physical modeling of vibrational motion of a single-degree-of-freedom-system (SDOF) under the effect of a harmonic external load are examined by considering the effects of different system parameters. In its simplest form, the problem is represented by a second order differential equation with constant coefficient. The relevant equation is solved analytically and at the same time, the compatibility of the results is tested using the finitedifference method. In addition, the analysis of the beam resting on the elastic foundation is considered. The analytical solution of the fourth order differential equation is obtained and the finite-difference method is used in order to obtain its numerical solution. Different numerical example problems are considered for the above mentioned two problems and the results are tested with the existing literature.
INDIRECT INK TRANSFER FOR OFFSET PRINTING, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ROUGHNESS OF THE OFFSET PRINTING PLATE SURFACE
Authors:   Azerbaijan Technical University, ALIYEV Eldar , KHALILOV Isa ,   Azerbaijan Technical University, ISMAILOVA Shabnam
Published: November 2023

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of the surface roughness of an offset printing plate on the form-decal contact and deckle-printed material. Taking into account the deepening of micro protrusions of the surface roughness of the printing plate into the body of the deckle, which lead to additional displacements and deformation of the deckle, the amount of ink on the surface of the form is determined. The separation and transition of the paint layer in the contact zone has been studied. It has been established that the ink layer located in the free space of the roughness of the surface of the printing plate is also involved in the transfer of ink. The proposed method of indirect ink transfer in offset printing allows you to determine more accurate values of consumables in the design of printing processes, also predict the quality of printed prints, determine the runtime of printing plates, and correctly configure the printing machine before the printing process.
Simulation-Based Learning in Electronics: Modified TAM and DeLone & McLean IS Success Model
Authors: Pardiñan Eric G. , Loremia Romarico A.
Published: November 2023

Today, technology has greatly influenced many aspects of our lives. Technology is increasingly becoming an integral tool complementary to innovative instructional models. Multimedia and network interactivity are leading new forms of teaching and learning and creating new roles for students as active participants of the learning process. The study analyzed the satisfaction and intention towards actual use of the circuit simulation software as the basis for technology adoption in education, particularly in teaching electronics in higher education. The study introduced a new model called Technology Acceptance Model-Integrated System (TAM-IS). A TAM and D & M success model was also incorporated in adopting simulation-based instructional material for electronics instruction. The study demonstrated excellent internal consistency confirmed by results of the analysis utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Kaiser – Meyer – Olkin (KMO), Cronbach Alpha and Barlette Test. The results showed that respondents’ responses validated the acceptability of simulation-based learning in electronics. The behavioral intention & attitude towards the use of the technology confirmed the acceptability of adopting simulation software platform in teaching-learning electronics. The study further recommends needs assessment, proper orientation and evaluation of technology to be utilized. Future studies involving a larger pool of experts from different sectors, may be beneficial as technology becomes more accessible and rapidly evolving.
Relaxation features of own photoconductivity in p-GaSe single crystals
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Babayeva Rana
Published: November 2023

The effects of the electric field, temperature, and initial value of the dark resistivity on the relaxation processes of intrinsic photoconductivity in single crystals of gallium monoselenide (p-GaSe) are studied. It is shown that although in all the samples under study, in the processes of establishment and disappearance of photoconductivity, the process of attachment of nonequilibrium charge carriers by attracting and repulsive centers in weak and stronger electric fields is, accordingly, inevitable, however, in samples of high-resistivity crystals, it is also necessary to take into account the significant influence of random macroscopic defects caused by layering.
An investigation of AlN nanoparticles by DTA and DTG methods
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Naghiyev Tural , Huseynov Elchin ,   Institute of Radiation Problems of ANAS
Published: November 2023

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential thermal gravimetry (DTG) studies at different heating rates of were considered for AlN nanoparticles. The free Gibbs energy in the temperature range of 300÷1400 K is determined at 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min heating rates. Experiments were separately carried out in both heating and cooling processes and obtained results were analyzed in detail. The enthalpy and entropy of the system composed of nano AlN particles at different thermal treatment rates were calculated (theoretical calculations were justified by experimental results). The values acquired from the experimental results were compared for all thermophysical parameters at different thermal treatment rates.
Mechanism and kinetics of thermal processes in Ge0.99Nd0.01S compound
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Dashdemirov Arzu , Alekperov Aydin ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Aliyev Yusif ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2023

The mechanism and kinetics of thermal processes in the Ge0.99Nd0.01S compound were studied. The thermal parameters were studied by the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) in the temperature range 25 0C ≤ T ≤ 800 0C. Several thermal transitions were observed in the specified temperature range and the nature of these transitions is explained. It was determined that in the temperature range of 494 0C ≤ T ≤ 601 0C, a thermoeffect observed with energy absorption in the Ge0.99Nd0.01S compound. Mass loss of 38.84% was observed during this effect with phase transition from solid to liquid.
Epoxy–diane co-oligomer modified with benzamide
Authors:   Institute of Physics of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Amirov F , Movlaev I ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Mammadova A ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Omarova N ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Naibova A ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: November 2023

The epoxy-diane oligomer ranks second (the phenol-formaldehyde oligomer ranks first) among the oligomers by volume of production in the world. It is known that the epoxy-diane oligomer is widely used as a binder in the preparation of many target composites. The reason for this is that its indicators can be adjusted during synthesis. On an industrial scale, it is produced under various brands (Ed-16, ED-20, ED-22, etc.) the produced oligomer has both positive sides and many disadvantages. The disadvantages include low temperature resistance and adhesive ability, some presence of free monomers in the system, and so on. In order to eliminate these indicators, the epoxy-diane oligomer was modified with organic compounds of various natures. The modification process was carried out in an alkaline medium by the method of co-polycondensation. Modification during synthesis (chemical modification) is currently characterized by its relevance. It has become clear from the literature studies that the method of chemical modification is of more interest to researchers working in this field than physical modification. This is due to the fact that the performance indicators of composites based on epoxy-diane oligomer chemically modified by co-polycondensation are approximately 1.5-2.0 times higher than the corresponding indicators of composites based on epoxy–diane oligomer obtained by polycondensation.
EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL EQUIVALENCE OF VARIOUS LOCAL BRANDS OF METFORMIN HCL TABLETS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Arif Madiha , Hussain Kanwal , Hassan Sohail
Published: November 2023

Present study aimed to assess pharmaceutical equivalence of five different local brands of Metformin tablets in Pakistan. The brands were treated for different quality attributes according to the BP and USP pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial methods. Shelf life was determined by R-Gui software while model independent and dependent approaches were used for in-vitro dissolution profile study. Among all brands, A (2.83) and D (3.5) passed claimed shelf life of 3 years. Moreover, only one out of five brands that is brand A (f2= 53.58 and f1= 5.98) showed equivalence release to innovator (brand C) at each time point in BP mentioned pH 6.8 media, falling in standard range of f2=50-100 and f1=0-15 therefore they are interchangeable (P<0.01). However, the other 3 brands showed insignificant similarity. Present findings supports the need to conduct post-quality evaluation by regulatory authority for locally available pharmaceutical products.