bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burow’s triangle advancement flap: a reliabletool on oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Letzkus Jaime , Río Maria José Del , Rencoret Carlos , Belmar Alejandro , Ivanova Galina , Hidalgo Daniela , Gamboa Jorge
Published: June 2021

Oncoplastic techniques in breast cancer treatment allow increasing indications of breast-conserving surgery and improving cosmetic results. Breast tumors located at the superior edge of the upper quadrant or at the upper inner quadrant represent a challenge for conservative surgery due to insufficient breast thickness and risk of skin involvement. We present a modified Burow's triangle advancement flap for breast-conserving surgery in patients with breast tumors at these locations. This retrospective observational study analyzed 8 out of 213 patients submitted to major oncoplastic breast procedures, who underwent breast-conserving surgery with matrix rotation mammaplasty, using a modified Burow's triangle advancement flap. All patients were treated in public and private health systems in Santiago, Chile.
The median age at diagnosis was 47 years. The average initial tumor size was 5.9 cm, and the mean excised breast weight was 117 g. Patients required neither symmetrization nor displacement of the nipple-areola complex. Only one patient had a minor complication (wound dehiscence). During follow-up, no local recurrences were reported. We conclude that the modified Burow's triangle advancement flap is a safe and effective technique to manage tumors at this complex location. It provides adequate oncological margins, good cosmetic results, and contralateral symmetry, with complication rates similar to those of standard conservative surgery.
An Overview of Healthcare Information Technologies Used to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Liu Jilan , Wang Zhimou , Huang Siyun , Ren Anjie
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

This article describes the rapid development and deployment of healthcare information technologies (HIT) in response to COVID-19 from late January through March 2020 in China. It outlines the broad scope and in-depth penetration of various products and services, as well as the impacts that these products/services had in reaching the mass population for effective information dissemination, contact tracing, early diagnosis, virtual care, teleconsultation, social distancing and community outreach and support. The article also describes the rapid development of new infrastructures and the exponential growth of usage in the various technologies. Combined with other measures, HIT have played a crucial role in China through galvanizing public response in solidarity and achieving a massive scale of contact-tracing and interventions in a personalized manner.
Implementation of the Moodle e-learning platform from server selection to configuration
Authors: Ouariach Soufiane  , Khaldi Maha  , Erradi Mohamed  , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Through this article which concerns the implementation of the Moodle e-learning platform in a server, we will first present an example of a Web server architecture, then we propose the adopted architecture which is based on Linux containers. Afterwards, we propose a description of all the necessary tools chosen for the implementation of the platform in a Web server. Then, we propose through figures the installation of the different technological tools and the Moodle platform. Finally, we propose the configuration of our Moodle platform according to our needs.
Features of occupational stress in doctors and other medical practitioners
Authors: Victoria Fedorovna Jekova
Published: June 2021

The high pace of modern life is a factor that creates psycho-emotional stress. Stress is an important mechanism for coping with every day’s challenges. Problems start to occur when the stress response is inappropriate to the size of the challenge. If not managed, high stress levels result in high levels of dissatisfaction, mental and physical illness, burnout, decreased productivity, and as a result, difficulty in providing quality service to clients. Constant stress negatively affects not only the state of the nervous system, but also the body as a whole. People in some occupations are in contact with stressors almost constantly. This group includes medical professionals. The effect of occupational stress on doctors not only has potential negative consequences for their patients, but also represents a substantial potential cost to the public health sector in terms of impaired doctors’ performance, together with the need for retraining and additional recruitment to offset wastage. This review analyses the topics of what stress is, what occupational stress is and what classifications exist for it, why occupational stress and burnout is common among physicians, and how it can be recognized and prevented.
Peculiarities of blockchain technology introduction in the field of healthcare: current situation and prospects
Authors: Ключка Я.О. , Шматко О.В. , Євсеєв С.П. , Милевський С.В.
Published: June 2021

The current situation in the field of health care is considered and the key problems faced by this industry are described. Today, there are two main issues to be addressed in healthcare: data ownership and data security. The patient's medical data is preferably stored in centralized, isolated systems that are incompatible with each other. This situation creates difficulties in terms of timely exchange of medical data and access to them. The lack of data complicates further diagnosis and treatment of the patient. In addition, systems that store medical data are not completely reliable. Third parties can easily access and modify medical data. It is expected that blockchain technology can solve the problems that currently exist in the field of health care. Blockchain technology will create distributed, decentralized systems that will significantly improve the quality of care provided. The paper considers the areas in the field of health care, in which blockchain technology is beginning to develop, as well as related projects. All considered projects can be divided into four areas: supply chain surveillance and fight against counterfeit products, telemedicine, diagnostics, storage and management of medical data. The healthcare sector is developing rapidly and new areas are expected in which the blockchain will be used. Although there are still some problems that need to be overcome for the blockchain to be fully used.
Матрична модель складання двійкових біноміальних чисел
Authors: Кулик І.А. , Шевченко М.С.
Published: June 2021

У статті пропонується матрична модель складання біноміальних чисел, які генеруються двійковими біноміальними системами числення. Модель біноміального складання використовує матричне подання чисел і перетворення перенесення, зрушення, симетрії, розкладання над вмістом осередків матриці підсумовування, кожна з яких відповідає ваговому коефіцієнту біноміальної числової функції. Зазначені перетворення засновані на відомих комбінаторних співвідношеннях. Наведені моделі арифметичних дій над кодами-сполученнями на основі реалізації додавання і множення двійкових біноміальних чисел.
Модель оцінки формування потоків повітряних суден у зоні посадки на основі гібридної нечіткої нейронної мережі
Authors: Мажара І.П. , Тимочко О.І.
Published: June 2021

Використання засобів імітаційного моделювання забезпечують осіб групи керівництва польотами можливістю правильно оцінити обстановку і приймати рішення в умовах невизначеності, допоможуть скоротити час налаштування інформаційної системи управління під нові або специфічні завдання, а також знайти, візуалізувати і зафіксувати в готовому вигляді варіанти реалізації інформаційної системи управління, кожен з яких може бути обраний при переході на наступну сходинку моделювання. Кінцева мета моделювання − ухвалення рішення, яке повинно бути вироблено на основі всебічного аналізу результатів моделювання.
Методологічні аспекти щодо вибору методу оцінки ефективності автоматизованих систем військового призначення при їх знаходженні на відповідних стадіях життєвого циклу
Authors: Кучеренко Ю.Ф. , Александров О.В. , Носик А.М. , Шубін Є.В.
Published: June 2021

У статті показане зростання ваги застосування автоматизованих систем військового призначення при веденні сучасних воєнних конфліктів збройними силами, що направлене на отримання інформаційної переваги над противником за рахунок використання можливостей єдиного командно-інформаційного простору всіма його користувачами, починаючи від командування і органів управління усіх рівнів та закінчуючи окремими екіпажами (вогневими і інформаційними засобами) й бійцями на полі бою. За таких умов, зараз в країні здійснюється розробка і впровадження різних автоматизованих систем військового призначення у Збройних Силах України, які за своїми ознаками відносяться до складних організаційно-технічних та розподілених систем. Розкриті методологічні питання щодо застосування того чи іншого варіанту здійснення оцінки їх ефективності за рахунок вибору певних шляхів оцінки з урахуванням знаходження даних систем на відповідних стадіях їх життєвого циклу. Показана необхідність здійснення оцінки ефективності систем за основними властивостями з метою здійснення порівняння можливостей між собою для визначення необхідних заходів, які направлені на підвищення науково-технічного рівня при розробці або здійснення органами управління поточної оцінки ефективності функціонування у стислі терміни з метою прийняття рішення посадовими особами щодо визначення напрямів покращення функціонування та визначення якості процесу управління силами та засобами в операціях. Даний матеріал доцільно використовувати органам управління при здійсненні поточної оцінки ефективності функціонування автоматизованих систем військового призначення, для виконання необхідних заходів щодо покращення їх надійності функціонування та при плануванні застосування відповідних сил та засобів в операціях або науковцям для здійснення порівняння різних систем між собою за основними властивостями при розробці, впровадженні та під час здійснення експлуатації з метою встановлення відповідного науково-технічного рівня.
Вибір полоси частот зондувального сигналу, відповідної максимальному рівню вторинного випромінювання об’єктів заданих типів
Authors: Сургай М.В. , Залевський Г.С. , Горелишев С.А. , Угринович О.І. , Джус В.С.
Published: June 2021

Розглядаються питання узгодження полоси частот зондувального сигналу з різними повітряними об’єктами. Пропонується метод вибору раціональної полоси частот зондувального сигналу для забезпечення максимального рівня вторинного випромінювання повітряних об’єктів заданих типів. Метод засновано на застосуванні електродинамічних математичних моделей вторинного випромінювання радіолокаційних об’єктів та оцінюванні усередненої за можливими ракурсами енергії відбитого сигналу, як функції середньої частоти і ширини спектру зондувального сигналу. Наводяться і аналізуються результати розрахунку енергій відбитих сигналів для трьох різних типів снарядів артилерії у L та S діапазонах частот. Надано пропозиції щодо вибору полоси частот для зондування різних типів снарядів.
Метод адаптивної достовірної нечіткої кластеризації даних на основі еволюційного алгоритму
Authors: Бодянський Є.В. , Шафроненко А.Ю. , Климова І.М.
Published: June 2021

Методи обчислювального інтелекту широко використовуються для вирішення багатьох складних проблем, включаючи, звичайно, традиційні: видобуток даних та такі нові напрямки, як динамічний видобуток даних, видобуток потоків даних, видобуток великих даних, веб-видобуток, видобуток тексту, тощо. Одна з основних областей обчислювального інтелекту – це еволюційні алгоритми, які по суті представляють певні математичні моделі еволюції біологічних організмів. У роботі запропоновано адаптивний метод нечіткої кластеризації з використанням оптимізації еволюційних котячих зграй. Використовуючи запропонований підхід, можна вирішити завдання кластеризації в режимі он-лайн.
Seven Unknown Drawings by Luigi Manini
Authors: Sêrro Luís Manuel
Published: June 2021

Luigi Manini, set designer at the Nacional Theatre of S. Carlos lived in the second half of the 19th century, which was characterized, in the field of aesthetics, by the transition from romanticism to naturalism. This article aims to analyze seven unknown drawings by Luigi Manini, as an expression and illustration of this artistic period. For this, we analyse the three major periods of art exhibition by Hegel in his work Aesthetics. Integrated in this analysis the evolution of artistic expression, with more emphasis, is illustrated the study of ornamentation, its nature, its importance in stylistic participation and, along its journey, the variation between the expression plane and the content plane that the ornament, as a sign, suffered. To conclude this journey, romanticism, used ornamentation as an evocative element of cultural styles and cultures, consistent with the essence of romanticism: a sublime expression. But in its final phase, romanticism evolved into naturalism that manifests, not the differentiated architectural element, but its collective nature. Urbanism is a social response of Architecture. The ornament loses, at this time, its symbolic value, but maintains its expression plan that was developed with an appreciation of its plastic value. It’s the ornate by the ornate that keeps, still, more time in Belle Époque; in Art Nouveau and Art Deco, to disappear completely in Modernism. These drawings, from an affirmation phase of Luigi Manini’s, are integrated at this time, and their analysis will be concluded from the historical conclusion of this article.
Juntas e misturadas no GNT?
Authors: Gutmann Juliana Freire , Chamusca Tess
Published: June 2021

No âmbito dos estudos de TV, discute-se relações entre performances de gênero e de marca. O artigo problematiza construções de feminilidades que respondem por estratégias comunicacionais do GNT tendo a noção de performance como categoria teórico- metodológica para análise de como e com quais corpos o canal constitui figurações de si. Contempla sua formação histórica e analisa um corpus formado por seis produtos - veiculados na programação, no site, no YouTube e Facebook - referentes ao Dia Internacional da Mulher, em 2017, quando são evidenciadas aproximações com o sentido de diversidade. Resultados indicam ambiguidades em como o canal se faz ver, desde então, nessas ambiências.
ANÁLISIS DE PATOLOGÍAS BUCALES HALLADAS EN ESTUDIOS REALIZADOS EN EL SERVICIO DE DIAGNÓSTICO POR IMÁGENES DE LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO
Authors: Colomer Paula
Published: June 2021

La radiografía panorámica es uno de los exámenes radiográficos más utilizados en la clínica odontológica y es eficaz para evaluar la frecuencia y distribución de patologías bucales. Este estudio se realizó para evaluar la prevalencia de patologías bucales mediante el uso de radiografías panorámicas. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional correlacional en un corte transversal de tiempo, mediante el análisis de 490 estudios de radiografías panorámicas realizadas en el Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (SID-Servicio de Imagen Diagnóstica) y se confeccionó un banco de datos sobre los hallazgos de las diferentes patologías maxilares y dentarias. La prevalencia de patologías dentales diagnosticadas por radiografías panorámicas fue del 65,6%. Las anomalías de posición (49,1%), fueron los subtipos más frecuentes de anomalías dentales. La radiografía panorámica puede ser una herramienta útil para la detección de patologías bucales, facilitando su derivación oportuna y/o una evaluación adicional.
Contentious Cogovernance and Prefiguration: A Framework for Analyzing Social Movement–State Relations in Public Education
Authors: Tarlau Rebecca
Published: June 2021

This article offers a framework for analyzing social movement participation in public education through a focus on universities in Brazil. It builds on the literature on social movement–state relations, participatory governance, and community organizing in schools, drawing on the case of the Brazilian Landless Workers Movement and the National Program for Education in Areas of Agrarian Reform (PRONERA) to illustrate the need to recenter the idea of conflict as a central and ongoing process of social movement participation in public schools and universities. The article also introduces the concept of prefiguration and highlights how students can prefigure in the formal public school system the types of social and economic practices they hope to build in the future. Contentious cogovernance and prefiguration are tools not only for improving educational equity but also for increasing the strength and internal capacity of social movements, paralleling the role Paulo Freire envisioned for nonformal popular education within grassroots organizations.
Potential strategies for cancer gene therapy
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Gene therapy involves transferring genetic material (DNA or RNA) to repair, regulate or replace genes to cure a disease. One of the most crucial barriers is successful delivery of the targeted gene into the target tissue. Various vector-based approaches have been developed to deliver the transgene to the target cells. In different cancers, numerous of these vectors are being developed for purposes such as immunotherapy, suicide gene therapy, microRNA (miRNA) focused treatment, oncogene silencing, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9. This article reviews several alternatives to cancer gene therapy, as well as their preclinical and clinical outcomes, possible limitations, and overall therapy effects. Ways of delivering cancer gene therapy include direct methods for introducing genetic material. Nonviral vectors are easy to manufacture and may be chemically modified to increase their usefulness. Cationic polymers such as Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and Polyethylenimine (PEI-SS) are the most extensively used polycationic polymers for gene transfer, particularly in vitro. Many RNAi-based therapeutic approaches are approaching the clinical stage, and nanocarriers are likely to play a crucial role in treating specific cancers. In the previous decade, non-viral approaches were used in more than 17 percent of all gene therapy trials. The message is that this is a safe and effective technique for transferring genes to cancer patients who need it to be a safe, successful therapy. Exosomes were developed to carry oncogene-specific short interfering RNA. Sushrut and colleagues revealed that exosomes provide superior carriers of short RNA and prevent tumor growth than liposomes. Inhalation-based gene therapy (aerosol-mediated gene delivery) has gained pace as a feasible treatment approach, especially for lung cancer. Because the intended transgene is steered to specific cells/tissues, this should further increase therapeutic efficiency.
State of the art of predictive modeling for real-life applications
Authors: Sepp Andreas
Published: June 2021

Predictive modeling techniques had recently witnessed significant improvement due the advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. This research presents a survey on the methods and applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning used in predictive analytics.
Quantitative groups will be critical to the success of future gene therapy programs
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

To maximize the odds of success of a novel drug development program, we must understand the PK, safety profile, and PD potential of the chemical as soon as possible. The program's early (and cheapest) stages must address the most pressing concerns.The earlier in the process that uncertainty is resolved (e.g. by proper risk inference and quantification, careful in vitro and in vivo experiments, modeling and simulation), the better the chances of making subsequent correct developmental decisions—whether to end unsafe or futile compounds or move forward with truly promising compounds.In this setting, biostatisticians give a different and valuable perspective, as they are schooled to assess uncertainty. Preclinical, research, quality, natural history, and clinical trial design and analysis all require rethinking within the specific limitations of a genetic therapy study. Hence, this skill set is in significant demand in the GTx sector. Pharmacometricians, who are physiologically based mathematical modeling specialists and have extra abilities complementing statistical knowledge and expertise, are equally vital players. To manage complex drug development challenges, the two functions, biostatistics and pharmacometry, are increasingly working jointly. Based on our recent experience in this sector, the development of gene therapy drugs presents unique quantitative issues and potential, and collaboration among biostatisticians, pharmacometricians, and other quantitative scientists in this field can produce synergistic results.Because of GTx's unique character and the inherent high level of uncertainty associated with these treatments, incorporating a biostatistician and pharmacometric as early as practical in the GTx development process is crucial.It is vital that multi-domain practitioners—academic, industrial, and regulatory—work together to set standards and best practices and communicate scientific and technological viewpoints from their various groups to support innovation in quantitative drug development of GTx products. Gene therapies have the potential to provide highly focused breakthrough one-time treatment to individuals with considerable unmet medical needs, eliminate the need for maintenance drug schemes, and reduce the danger of off-target side effects. Developing gene therapy is exceedingly complex and unexpected. Quantitative groups will be critical to the success of future gene therapy programs and must approach drug development in this space as fully integrated strategic partners in cross-functional drug development teams, sharing information and learning throughout the preclinical, manufacturing, early design, and late product planning lifecycles. For quantitative teams working on gene therapy research, experience in epidemiological methodologies, bioinformatics, clinical pharmacology, classical experiment design, rare disease clinical trial design, and a deep grasp of the biology underpinning these medicines will be critical skill areas.
The Development Of MSMEs During The Pandemic
Authors: Elvira Veronica
Published: June 2021

Based on this, it can be concluded that the government has done its best to be able to assist the state in improving and reducing the burden on the economy of the people. Currently, MSMEs have also moved to make transactions via digital or online. This is done so that MSMEs can survive because individuals always make purchases through the online system. We can see all around us today that all businesses have entered several marketplaces, in fact, Shopee itself has developed a Shopeefood feature which can provide benefits for business people in the food sector to sell on these marketplaces apart from GoFood and GrabFood. The development of digitalization has been very helpful for individuals. Of course, not only the Shopee marketplace is used by business people, but there are also Tokopedia, Blibli and many more.
Is There a “Gestalt Bias” in Indulgence? Subjectively Constructing Food Units into Wholes (Versus Parts) Increases Desire to Eat and Actual Consumption
Authors: Joye Yannick , Bruyneel Sabrina , Fennis Bob M
Published: June 2021

In the present work we extend research into the unit bias effect and its extension—the portion size effect—by demonstrating the existence of a “Gestalt bias.” Drawing on the tenets of Gestalt psychology, we show that a unit bias effect can be observed for food portions that are composed of identical basic units, but which are subjectively grouped into, or perceived as a Gestalt—a larger whole. In three studies, we find that such subjectively constructed food wholes constitute a new (perceptual) unit that is perceived bigger than the units it is constructed from, thereby prompting increased eating and desire to eat.
Generalization of attentional control strategies across distinct tasks
Authors: Li Walden Y. , McKinney Molly R , Irons Jessica , Leber Andrew B.
Published: June 2021

Does attentional control strategy generalize across different visual search tasks? Previous research has failed to observe significant correlations in strategy metrics between different visual search tasks (Clarke et al., 2020), suggesting that strategy is not unitary, or determined by a single trait variable. Here we question just how heterogeneous (non-unitary) strategies are, hypothesizing a similarity gradient account, which holds that strategy does generalize to some degree, specifically across tasks with similar attentional components. To test this account, we employed the Adaptive Choice Visual Search (ACVS; Irons & Leber, 2018a), a visual search paradigm designed to directly measure attentional control strategy. In two studies, we had participants complete the ACVS and a modified, but similar, task with one altered attentional component (specifically, the requirement to use feature-based attention and enumeration, respectively). We found positive correlations in strategy optimality between tasks that do vs. do not involve feature-based attention (r = .38, p = .0068) and across tasks that do vs. do not require enumeration (r = .33, p = .018). Thus, attentional control strategies did generalize across sufficiently similar tasks, although the strength of the correlations was weaker than the within-task test-retest reliability of strategy measure. These results support the similarity gradient account.
Bots or inattentive humans? Identifying sources of low-quality data in online platforms
Authors: Moss Aaron J , Rosenzweig Cheskie , Jaffe Shalom Noach , Gautam Richa , Robinson Jonathan , Litman Leib
Published: June 2021

Online data collection has become indispensable to the social sciences, polling, marketing, and corporate research. However, in recent years, online data collection has been inundated with low quality data. Low quality data threatens the validity of online research and, at times, invalidates entire studies. It is often assumed that random, inconsistent, and fraudulent data in online surveys comes from ‘bots.’ But little is known about whether bad data is caused by bots or ill-intentioned or inattentive humans. We examined this issue on Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a popular online data collection platform. In the summer of 2018, researchers noticed a sharp increase in the number of data quality problems on MTurk, problems that were commonly attributed to bots. Despite this assumption, few studies have directly examined whether problematic data on MTurk are from bots or inattentive humans, even though identifying the source of bad data has important implications for creating the right solutions. Using CloudResearch’s data quality tools to identify problematic participants in 2018 and 2020, we provide evidence that much of the data quality problems on MTurk can be tied to fraudulent users from outside of the U.S. who pose as American workers. Hence, our evidence strongly suggests that the source of low quality data is real humans, not bots. We additionally present evidence that these fraudulent users are behind data quality problems on other platforms.
The Progressive Case against Antimonopolism
Authors: Woodcock Ramsi
Published: June 2021

Contemporary interest among American progressives in using antitrust law to address wealth inequality lacks a firm intellectual foundation. Indeed, both the original American progressives of a century ago, as well as Thomas Piketty, whose work sparked contemporary interest in inequality, agree that inequality’s source is scarcity, rather than monopoly, and so inequality will persist even in perfectly competitive markets. The only real solution is taxation, not a potentially destructive campaign of breakup. Why, then, is antimonopolism so popular among American progressives today? There are two reasons. The first is American anti-statism, which has closed off tax policy as a viable political solution to inequality, forcing progressive scholars and activists to seek a second- or third-best workaround in antitrust policy. The second is the American press, which is actively promoting antimonopolism as a way of fighting back against Google and Facebook, two companies that have badly outcompeted the press for advertising dollars in recent years.
Book Review: "Evil Political Intent: Benedict Anderson on Language and Power"
Authors: Santoso Alfian Widi , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Joss Wibisono has recorded well every time Benedict Anderson writes something, especially in terms of language. Of course, Ben Anderson (Benedict shortened to Ben) is an Indonesian specialist, who is super critical (in this topic, of course, criticism in terms of language). Ben Anderson, who is an observer of Indonesia, on the other hand is also a person who truly loves Indonesia. It can be said that he contributed his writings on Indonesia which is very legendary in the Indonesian intellectual group. Therefore, Joss Wibisono here tries to reveal politics in Indonesian using Ben Anderson's perspective. Of course, the main purpose of this is to be read and then reviewed by readers, this book is to remember Ben Anderson himself as a friend and a supercritical Indonesian intellectual.
BOOK REVIEW “MELACAK GERAKAN PERLAWANAN DAN LAKU SPIRITUALITAS PANGERAN DIPONEGORO” (TRACKING THE PROPERTY MOVEMENT AND CONDUCTING THE SPIRITUALITY OF THE PRINCE OF DIPONEGORO)
Authors: Noviningtyas Indhi Nur , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: June 2021

Melacak Gerakan Perlawanan dan Laku Spiritualitas Pangeran Diponegoro by Peri Mardiyono aims to provide information by exploring the history of Prince Diponegoro's life journey from the moment he was born until the end of his life and also describes the resistance movement of Prince Diponegoro explicitly from the beginning until he was captured and held by the Dutch. In addition, the purpose of the book is to inspire readers through the struggle and spiritual practice of Prince Diponegoro in his resistance movement against attacks from the invaders.
Study of Variability of Atmospheric Ozone over Jumla in Half Period of 24 Solar Cycle
Authors: Shrestha P. M. , Chapagain N. P. , Karki I. B. , Poudyal K. N.
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the variation of total ozone column (TOC) over Jumla (Lat.:-29.28° N, Long.:-82.16° E and Alt.:- 2300 m above sea level) from 2008 to 2014 derived from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite observations. The monthly, seasonal, annual variations of TOC, solar insolation and clearness index have been analyzed. The result exemplifies that during the whole study period, the maximum value of monthly average TOC is 289.21 DU ± 10.75 DU in April, while the minimum value is 257.23 DU ± 11.25 DU in December. The results also show that TOC is highly seasonal dependent with larger TOC in spring 273.68 DU ± 14.92 DU and lower in the winter season (260.68 DU ± 15.25 DU). The average annual value of TOC exhibits slightly variable with a maximum in 2010 (277.52 DU ± 40.64 DU) and minimum in 2008 (267.19 DU ± 11.11 DU). The average values of solar insolation and clearness index for whole study the period are 5.10 86 kWh/m2/day ± 0.86 kWh/m2/day and 0.59 ± 0.12 respectively. The average value of TOC during the whole study period is 271.84 DU ± 14.19 DU, which indicates a good amount of stratospheric ozone content over Jumla.
GPS-TEC observations over Nepal during the Total Solar Eclipse on 22 July 2009
Authors: Shrestha A. N. , Migoya-Orue Y.
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the ionospheric response in terms of Total Electron Content (TEC) during the 22 July 2009 Total Solar Eclipse. Using the data stored at Biratnagar (BRN2), Ramite (RMTE), Dhangadhi (DNGD), Nepalganj (NPGJ), and Taplejung (TPLJ) Global Positioning System (GPS) stations, the ionospheric activity was investigated through changes in TEC. Our research is based on GPS-TEC measurements from a widely dispersed GPS network across various geographical locations in Nepal, taking place on July 17-21 as a pre-event, July 22 as the main event, and July 23-27 as a post-event. The analysis reveals that the reduction in the TEC level is proportional to the magnitude of the total solar eclipse. The variation of the TEC depends on latitude as well as longitude. We found that TEC depletion was up to 5% from pre-event to main-event and up to 30% from main-event to post-event during the totality of the eclipse. The eclipse was accompanied by the 10-hour geomagnetic storm in Nepal, which was the explanation for the TEC upgrade to 50% on the main event day from pre-event and decreased by 25% from main-event to post-event. The result obtained in this work demonstrates the influence of the eclipse/storm on the variation of TEC.
Strain Induced Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Silicon Carbide Monolayer Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Sharma S. B. , Adhikari R. , Sigdel K. R. , Bhatta R.
Published: June 2021

Using the first principle calculation, we investigated the structural, electronic, and strain-dependent optical properties of the two-dimensional hexagonal Silicon Carbide (SiC) Monolayer. We found that the biaxial compressive strain loading gradually changes the direct bandgap SiC into indirect bandgap semiconductor. The compressive strain increases the bandgap but reduces the values of static dielectric constant and refractive index. Conversely, the biaxial tensile strain loading decreases the bandgap but increases the value of static dielectric constant and refractive index. The result shows that the electronic and optical properties of SiC can be engineered to the desired value by applying strain. The large bandgap issue for the SiC monolayer is limiting its uses in different applications which can be overcome with the help of biaxial strain.
Population Composition and Its Effect on Economic Growth
Authors: Brahma Deboshmita
Published: June 2021

Background: The relationship between population and economic growth has always been a subject of debate. There has never been any clear consensus amongst economists about the nature and extent of influence that population has on the economic growth of a country. Objective: This paper aims to explore the influence exerted by the age structure of the population on the economic growth of a country. Method: The paper uses secondary data to find the relation between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita levels of countries and their respective Age Dependency Ratio.Result: There is a significant negative relationship between them, which implies that, if a country has a rise in a high proportion of the dependent population, per capita income will tend to be lower. Conclusion: The paper then makes a special study of the prospect of demographic dividend in India. The country is in the third phase of demographic transition, implying that the proportion of the working-age population is greater than the dependent population. This provides an ideal condition for the Government to reap the benefits of demographic dividend and achieve higher levels of economic growth.
Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Printed Training Model to Teach Ultrasound-Guided Injections of the Cervical Articular Process Joints in Horses
Authors: Beaulieu Alexandra , Nykamp Stephanie , Phillips John , Arroyo Luis G. , Koenig Judith , zur Linden Alex
Published: June 2021

Intra-articular injections are routinely performed to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses. Intra-articular injections require accurate needle placement to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize complications. This study’s objectives were to develop and validate a three-dimensional (3D) printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint to teach ultrasound-guided injections. Five identical models of an equine cervical articular process joint were 3D printed and embedded in 10% ballistic gelatin. Experts’ and novices’ ability to successfully insert a needle into the joint space of the model using ultrasound guidance was assessed and graded using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Scores from experts and novices were compared to evaluate the construct validity of the model. Participants also answered a survey assessing the face and content validity of the model. Experts required less time (22.51 seconds) for correct needle placement into the model joint space than novices (35.96 seconds); however, this difference was not significant ( p = .53). Experts’ median total OSCE score (14) was significantly higher ( p = .03) than novices’ (12), supporting the model’s construct validity. Participants agreed on the face and content validity of the model by grading all survey questions greater than 7 on a 10-point Likert-type scale. In summary, we successfully developed a 3D printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint, partially demonstrated the construct validity of the model, and proved the face and content validity of this new training tool.
Effectiveness of Supplementary Materials in Teaching the Veterinary Neurologic Examination
Authors: Foss Kari D. , Seals Christopher D.A. , Hague Devon W. , Mitek Ashley E.
Published: June 2021

Clinical neurology can be difficult for veterinary students to comprehend, and part of understanding the clinical aspect is performing a proper neurologic examination. In this study, first-year veterinary students in a Small Animal Physical Exam and Anatomy rotation were given supplemental learning activities to determine their effect on student procedural knowledge and motivation in performing a neurologic examination. Students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the first watched a video of a clinician performing the neurologic examination, the second read a handout about the neurologic exam, and the third was the control group, where students were not provided any supplemental activities. At the start and end of the rotation, students participated in a survey assessing their overall procedural knowledge and motivation to learn about the neurologic exam. No notable improvement occurred in overall student knowledge from the beginning to end of the rotation, nor when using supplemental material ( p > .05). However, there was a significant difference in quiz scores between the three condition groups ( p < .01), suggesting the type of learning activity did influence student learning. Additionally, students in the video and reading groups showed a significant increase in motivational scores compared with those in the control group ( p < .05), demonstrating supplemental learning activities do improve student motivation in learning about the neurologic examination. This study provides evidence that while supplemental materials may not immediately help veterinary students learn to perform the neurologic examination, they do have a positive impact on students’ learning motivation.
Active Participation of Care Partners in a Physical Activity Intervention Alongside People with Stroke: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Handlery Reed , Regan Elizabeth , Lewis Allison Foster , Larsen Chelsea , Handlery Kaci , Flach Alicia , Fritz Stacy
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the feasibility of a physical activity intervention for people with stroke and their care partners and the role social support plays in physical activity adherence. Method: The study used a single-group, pretest–posttest design with follow-up. Participants were adults with chronic stroke and their care partners. The intervention consisted of 8 weeks of structured, group-based physical activity classes, followed by 19 weeks of self-directed physical activity. Recruitment, adherence, safety, and retention were assessed. Familial social support was assessed before and after the 8-week structured portion and again 19 weeks later. Results: A total of 21 participants (15 people with stroke, 6 care partners), mean age 67.6 (SD 11.6) years, were recruited; 19 (90.5%) completed the 19-week assessment. No adverse events were experienced during the programme. Attendance during the 8-week portion was better than during the 19-week portion (mean difference 0.95; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.19 visits/wk). No relationship was found between social support and physical activity adherence ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Involvement of care partners in a physical activity intervention is feasible and safe. Both people with stroke and their care partners may require ongoing support to participate in long-term physical activity. The relationship between social support and physical activity adherence requires further study.
Prevalence of Persistent Pain of the Neuropathic Subtype after Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Boljanovic-Susic Dragana , Ziebart Christina , MacDermid Joy , de Beer Justin , Petruccelli Danielle , Woodhouse Linda J.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to (1) estimate the point prevalence of persistent postoperative pain (PPP) identified using the Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) after unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using data from a registry of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients in Ontario, (2) estimate the effect of PPP on function, (3) estimate the prevalence of neuropathic pain (NP) features among patients with persistent pain, (4) determine participant characteristics in order to estimate the potential predictors of NP classification among individuals with persistent pain after TJA, (5) estimate the extent to which the estimates of prevalence depended on the measure used (i.e., S-LANSS vs. NP sub-scale of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 [NP-SF-MPQ-2]), and (6) determine the difference in characteristics between those with and without NP. Method: This was a prospective follow-up study of a historical cohort of individuals who had undergone primary unilateral THA or TKA. Persistent pain was operationally defined as pain rated as 3 or more (out of 5) on the Oxford Pain Questionnaire 6 months or 1 year after THA or TKA. Participants with persistent pain completed the S-LANSS and the NP-SF-MPQ-2. Results: A total of 1,143 participants were identified as having had a TJA, 148 (13%) of whom had PPP. A total of 67 recipients completed the S-LANSS and the NP-SF-MPQ-2. Of these, an NP subtype was identified among 19 (28%; those with an S-LANSS score ≥ 12) to 29 (43%; those with an NP-SF-MPQ-2 score ≥ 0.91). Individuals with persistent pain of the NP subtype after TJA reported severe pain intensity and higher disability levels 1.5–3.5 years after surgery compared with those without persistent pain. Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients have persistent pain post-unilateral THA or TKA.
Physiotherapists’ and Physiotherapy Assistants’ Perspectives on Using Three Physical Function Measures in the Intensive Care Unit: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Hiser Stephanie , Mantheiy Earl , Toonstra Amy , Aronson Friedman Lisa , Ramsay Pam , Needham Dale M.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: We sought to understand physiotherapists’ and physiotherapist assistants’ perspectives on using three physical function measures in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting: the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care Inpatient Mobility Short Form, the Johns Hopkins Highest Level of Mobility scale, and the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit. Method: A six-item questionnaire was developed and administered to physiotherapists and physiotherapist assistants working in adult ICUs at one U.S. teaching hospital. A single semi-structured focus group was conducted with seven physiotherapists, recruited using purposive sampling to include participants with a range of clinical experience. Results: Of 22 potential participants, 18 physiotherapists and 2 physiotherapist assistants completed the questionnaire. Seven physiotherapists participated in the focus group. The questionnaire found favourable perspectives on the use of the three physical function measures in clinical practice, and the focus group identified five themes related to clinicians’ experience with using them: (1) ease of scoring, (2) usefulness in inter-professional communication, (3) general ease of use, (4) responsiveness to change in physical function, and (5) generalizability across patients. Conclusions: The most frequently discussed themes in this study were ease of scoring and usefulness in inter-professional communication, highlighting their importance in designing and selecting physical function measures for clinical use in the ICU setting.
On Native Ground: Canadian Theatre Historiography and the Postmodernism / Postcolonialism Axis
Authors: Salter Denis
Published: June 2021

This position-paper suggests that both postmodernist and postcolonial thought have been playing a significant-although radically incommensurate and unacknowledged-role in the postwar formation of English-Canadian theatre historiography. Inspired by two ground-breaking collections: The Empire Writes Back, by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin (London: Routledge 1989) and After Europe, eds. Stephen Slemon and Helen Tiffin (Sydney: Dangaroo Press 1989), it concludes with a modest manifesto of eight issues which together define one kind of postcolonial theoretical model for the (re)writing of English-Canadian theatre history.
Interpreting Multi-text Analysis: Is a Theory of Adaptation Possible?
Authors: Nichols Glen
Published: June 2021

The multi-level problems associated with the transformation of dramatic texts from one cultural context to another are examined in this paper, with reference to adaptations of popular European plays made specifically for use by all-male amateur groups in Quebec at the end of the 19th century. Some suggestions are offered concerning the general kinds of information to be gleaned from close multi-text analysis, the specific cultural indicators gatheredfrom this particular study, and the possibility of developing a usable 'theory of adaptation.'
Healing the Border Wound: Fronteras Americanas and the Future of Canadian Multiculturalism
Authors: Gómez Mayte
Published: June 2021

Guillermo Verdecchia's Fronteras Americanas, a very successful one-person show which premiered in Toronto in 1993, deals with two kinds of borders: those within the American continent, which result in stereotypes of the south; and those within the individual, which bring about a personal struggle to find home. In this essay I look at how Fronteras both reproduces and subverts what can be called "the ideology of Multiculturalism, " an ideology which has instituted acculturation behind a liberal discourse of integration. The negotiation between ideological compliance and challenge is found in the content of the play as well as in some of its means of production, such as venue and language. Fronteras's most powerful ideological subversion, however, is its final suggestion for a new way to imagine Canada.
The Real Nation? Michel Tremblay, Scotland, and Cultural Translatability
Authors: Harvie Jennifer
Published: June 2021

This paper explores some of the political effects of intercultural exchange through drama translation by examining the Scots translations, in text and production, of Michel Tremblay's plays. It is centrally concerned with national identity and with mapping the potential effects of translation and transculturation on the political efficacy of drama concerned precisely with language, place, and culture. Choosing as its sites of investigation Quebec and Scotland, it departs from more common intercultural analysis of imperial relations to consider some of the effects of intercultural exchange in relationships which are not strictly those of imperial power to colony. It concludes that despite these two nations' cultural similarities and sympathies, and despite the many values of intercultural exchange, the Scots Tremblay translations reconstitute the plays in ways which potentially compromise their political efficacy.