bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mirror Instabilities in the Inner Magnetosphere and Their Potential for Localized ULF Wave Generation
Authors: Cooper M. B. , Gerrard A. J. , Lanzerotti L. J. , Soto‐Chavez A. R. , Kim H. , Kuzichev I. V. , Goodwin L. V.
Published: December 2020

Results from the NASA Van Allen Probes mission indicate extensive observations of mirror/drift‐mirror (M/D‐M hereafter) unstable plasma regions in the night‐side inner magnetosphere. Said plasmas lie on the threshold between the kinetic and frozen‐in plasma regimes and have favorable conditions for the formation of M/D‐M modes and subsequent ultralow frequency (ULF) wave signatures in the surrounding plasma. We present the results of a climatological analysis of plasma‐γ (anisotropy measure) and total plasma‐β (ratio of particle to magnetic field pressure) in regard to the satisfaction of instability conditions on said M/D‐M modes under bi‐Maxwellian distribution assumption, and ascertain the most likely region for such plasmas to occur. Our results indicate a strong preference for the premidnight sector of the night‐side magnetosphere, with events ranging in time scales from half a minute (roughly 200 km in scale size) to several hours (multiple Earth radii). The statistical distribution of these plasma regions explicitly identifies the source region of “storm time Pc5 ULF waves” and suggests an alternative mechanism for their generation in the night‐side inner magnetosphere.
Assessing the Influence of Shoreline Adaptation on Tidal Hydrodynamics: The Role of Shoreline Typologies
Authors: Hummel Michelle A. , Stacey Mark T.
Published: December 2020

In coastal embayments, tidal dynamics are influenced by mean sea level and shoreline configuration. As sea levels rise and coastal communities modify their shorelines to mitigate future flooding, spatial patterns of inundation, tidal amplitude, and tidal phase will change in response. Here we apply a hydrodynamic model to systematically investigate the effect of local‐scale, spatially refined shoreline protection on regional tidal dynamics and peak water levels in San Francisco Bay, California. We find that individual shoreline protection scenarios produce relatively small changes in tidal amplitudes at 50 and 100 cm of sea‐level rise but can result in amplification of the M2 tide by up to 40% at 200 cm of sea‐level rise. Protection of shorelines with gradually sloping topography and space for floodwater accommodation generally has the largest influence on tidal response, both locally and regionally. In the northern part of San Francisco Bay, tides down‐estuary of protected shorelines move closer to a standing wave, while up‐estuary tides become more progressive. In the southern part of the bay, which is already close to a standing wave, effects are more localized and variable. Overall, the tidal response to shoreline protection is a function of both the geographic location within the embayment as well as the geomorphic characteristics of the local landscape that is protected. Understanding the relative influence of local shoreline modifications on tidal dynamics under a range of sea‐level rise scenarios is critical to developing effective shoreline adaptation alternatives that maximize flood mitigation.
Combination of anti-PD-1 antibody with P-GEMOX as a potentially effective immunochemotherapy for advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma
Authors: Cai Jun , Liu Panpan , Huang Huiqiang , Li Yajun , Ma Shuyun , Zhou Hui , Tian Xiaopeng , Zhang Yuchen , Gao Yan , Xia Yi , Zhang Xuanye , Yang Hang , Li Lirong , Cai Qingqing
Published: December 2020

Advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTL) has demonstrated poor prognosis with currently available therapies. Here, we report the efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody with the P-GEMOX (pegaspargase, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin) regimen in advanced NKTL. Nine patients underwent six 21-day cycles of anti-PD-1 antibody (day 1), pegaspargase 2000 U/m2 (day 1), gemcitabine 1 g/m2 (days 1 and 8) and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 (day 1), followed by anti-PD-1 antibody maintenance every 3 weeks. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and genetic alterations were determined in paraffin-embedded pretreatment tissue samples using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Responses were assessed using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Eight patients exhibited significant responses, comprising of seven complete remissions and one partial remission (overall response rate: 88.9%). After a median follow-up of 10.6 months, 6/9 patients (66.7%) remained in complete remission. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were anemia (33.3%), neutropenia (33.3%), and thrombocytopenia (33.3%); all of which were manageable and resolved. Immunochemotherapy produced a high response rate in patients with positive PD-L1 expression (5/6, 83.3%). NGS analysis suggested that STAT3/JAK3/PD-L1 alterations and ARID1A mutation were associated with immunochemotherapy efficacy. Mutation in DDX3X and alteration in epigenetic modifiers of KMT2D, TET2, and BCORL1 might indicate a poor response to immunochemotherapy. In conclusion, the anti-PD-1 antibody plus P-GEMOX regimen demonstrated promising efficacy in advanced NKTL. PD-L1 expression combined with specific genetic alterations could be used as potential biomarkers to predict therapeutic responses to immunochemotherapy.
Hydrogel particles improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from multiple sample types
Authors: Barclay R. A. , Akhrymuk I. , Patnaik A. , Callahan V. , Lehman C. , Andersen P. , Barbero R. , Barksdale S. , Dunlap R. , Goldfarb D. , Jones-Roe T. , Kelly R. , Kim B. , Miao S. , Munns A. , Munns D. , Patel S. , Porter E. , Ramsey R. , Sahoo S. , Swahn O. , Warsh J. , Kehn-Hall K. , Lepene B.
Published: December 2020

Here we present a rapid and versatile method for capturing and concentrating SARS-CoV-2 from contrived transport medium and saliva samples using affinity-capture magnetic hydrogel particles. We demonstrate that the method concentrates virus from 1 mL samples prior to RNA extraction, substantially improving detection of virus using real-time RT-PCR across a range of viral titers (100–1,000,000 viral copies/mL) and enabling detection of virus using the 2019 nCoV CDC EUA Kit down to 100 viral copies/mL. This method is compatible with commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits (i.e., from Qiagen) and a simple heat and detergent method that extracts viral RNA directly off the particle, allowing a sample processing time of 10 min. We furthermore tested our method in transport medium diagnostic remnant samples that previously had been tested for SARS-CoV-2, showing that our method not only correctly identified all positive samples but also substantially improved detection of the virus in low viral load samples. The average improvement in cycle threshold value across all viral titers tested was 3.1. Finally, we illustrate that our method could potentially be used to enable pooled testing, as we observed considerable improvement in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from sample volumes of up to 10 mL.
Continuous lengthening potential after four years of magnetically controlled spinal deformity correction in children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Lorenz Heiko M. , Hecker Marina M. , Braunschweig Lena , Badwan Batoul , Tsaknakis Konstantinos , Hell Anna K.
Published: December 2020

Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) are commonly implanted for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. While most authors report favorable short-term results, little is known about long-term deformity correction. This prospective cohort study assesses spinal deformity control in a homogeneous spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patient group treated with MCGR implants, a standardized lengthening protocol and a minimum follow-up of four years. 17 SMA patients with progressive scoliosis were treated with MCGR implanted parallel to the spine with rib-to-pelvis fixation. Radiologic measurements were performed before and after MCGR implantation and during external lengthening procedures. These included measurements of the scoliotic curve, kyphosis, lordosis, pelvic obliquity and the spinal length. Additional clinical data of the complications were also analyzed. 17 children (mean age 7.4 years) were surgically treated and underwent a total of 376 lengthenings. Complication rates were 3.5% in respect to all interventions or 41% of the patients had complications during 3.5% of the lengthening sessions. The initial implantation significantly reduced the main scoliotic curve by 59%, with the correction remaining constant throughout the follow-up. Pelvic obliquity was also significantly and permanently corrected by 72%, whereas kyphosis and lordosis were not influenced. The spinal length could be significantly increased mostly during the first year of treatment. Bilateral implantation of MCGRs for correction of spinal deformity in children with SMA showed no decrease of the lengthening potential during a four-year follow-up. Therefore, the previously described ‘law of diminishing returns’ could not be applied to this patient population.

Level of Evidence/Clinical relevance: Therapeutic Level IV.
Author Correction: Taller staff occupationally exposed to less radiation to the temple in cardiac procedures, but risk higher doses during vascular cases
Authors: Wilson‑Stewart Kelly S. , Fontanarosa Davide , Li Dan , Drovandi Chris C. , Anderson Rebecca K. , Trapp Jamie V.
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Rapid direct analysis of river water and machine learning assisted suspect screening of emerging contaminants in passive sampler extracts
Authors: Richardson Alexandra K. , Chadha Marcus , Rapp-Wright Helena , Mills Graham A. , Fones Gary R. , Gravell Anthony , Stürzenbaum Stephen , Cowan David A. , Neep David J. , Barron Leon P.
Published: December 2020

Machine-learning assisted suspect screening in passive sampler extracts and rapid direct injection LC-MS/MS of river water from the River Thames, London, UK in 2018/9.
Analysis of pyrethroids in cereals by HPLC with a deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplets
Authors: Wu Beiqi , Guo Zhengyan , Li Xiuting , Huang Xin , Teng Chao , Chen Zhenjia , Jing Xu , Zhao Wenting
Published: December 2020

A hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent is used as a green extractant.
Smartphone based highly sensitive visualized detection of acid phosphatase enzyme activity
Authors: Li Rui , Sun Yanan , Jin Lihua , Qiao Xiaohong , Li Cong , Shen Yehua
Published: December 2020

A smartphone-based RGB analysis system was constructed for the sensitive detection of acid phosphatase (ACP) enzyme activity.
Probing P25 TiO2 photocatalysis using photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIAS)
Authors: O’Rourke Christopher , Mills Andrew
Published: December 2020

Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy (PIAS) is used to probe the kinetics of oxidation of 4-chlorophenol, 4CP, by P25 TiO2 with anodic bias or using a sacrificial electron acceptor and establishes first order kinetics for the reaction of h+ with 4CP.
Synergistic effects of oxygen vacancies and the chelation of tetracycline with metallic ions for enhanced degradation of tetracycline over photocatalysts La2−xKxNiMnO6
Authors: Yu Xiaoyan , Lu Ke , Chen Le
Published: December 2020

OVs induced by potassium doping and the chelation of TC with the metallic ions synergistically enhanced photodegradation of TC by La2−xKxNiMnO6 photocatalysts.
Two-dimensional ultrathin surfactant-encapsulating polyoxometalate assemblies as carriers for monodispersing noble-metal nanoparticles with high catalytic activity and stability
Authors: Ji Xing-Yu , Yu Fei-Yang , Li Ying-Qi , Zhu Hao-Tian , Zhao Hui-Ying , Shi Yue , Wang Yong-Hui , Tan Hua-Qiao , Li Yang-Guang
Published: December 2020

The Ag/DODA-PMo12 composite demonstrates a high catalytic efficiency in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrobenzene.
Mapping static core-holes and ring-currents with X-ray scattering
Authors: Moreno Carrascosa Andrés , Yang Mengqi , Yong Haiwang , Ma Lingyu , Kirrander Adam , Weber Peter M. , Lopata Kenneth
Published: December 2020

Quantum chemistry simulations in conjunction with scattering theory are used to demonstrate how static core-holes and attosecond valence electron currents manifest as measurable X-ray scattering modulations.
Adhesion enhancementviathe synergistic effect of metal–ligand coordination and supramolecular host–guest interactions in luminescent hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xiao , Song Zhihua , Li Zhiqiang , Li Huanrong
Published: December 2020

We report an approach to achieve adhesion enhancementviathe synergistic effect of metal–ligand coordination and supramolecular host–guest interactions in luminescent hydrogels without affecting their luminescence behavior.
A review of synthetic approaches to hollow nanostructures
Authors: Zhu Maiyong , Cheng Yikun , Luo Qiao , El-khateeb Mohammad , Zhang Quan
Published: December 2020

Hollow nanostructures have been developed rapidly and have shown great promise in various areas. We provide a review of the synthetic approaches to hollow nanostructures.
Biomarker-responsive nanoprobe with aggregation-induced emission for locating and guiding resection of deep-seated tumors via optoacoustic and NIR fluorescence imaging
Authors: Huang Jing , Lin Mingang , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: December 2020

A nanoprobe responsive to specific biomarkers with aggregation-induced emission has been developed for locating and guiding resection of tumors via optoacoustic and fluorescence imaging.
Multi-component syntheses of 2-pyrrolines and organocatalytic asymmetric syntheses of functionalized chiral 2-pyrrolines
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Zhao Xiaoyun , Zhang Dan , Li Wenli , Wei Shouhui , Liu Fanhong , Yu Jihua , Li Guichen , Wang Dandan
Published: December 2020

The atom-economical synthesis of 2-pyrrolines has been achieved by carrying out the multi-component tandem [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of commercially available starting materials, namely, an aldehyde, glycine ester hydrochloride, and benzoylacetonitrile.
Carbon dioxide-promoted palladium-catalyzed dehydration of primary allylic alcohols: access to substituted 1,3-dienes
Authors: Huang Yan-Kai , Zhang Wen-Zhen , Zhang Ke , Wang Wen-Le , Lu Xiao-Bing
Published: December 2020

A carbon dioxide promoted dehydration reaction of primary allylic alcohols gives synthetically important substituted 1,3-dienes in good yields under milder conditions compared with the reaction using a heterogeneous catalyst or carbon monoxide.
Iron-doped titanium dioxide hollow nanospheres for efficient nitrogen fixation and Zn–N2 aqueous batteries
Authors: Lv Xian-Wei , Liu Xiao-Lu , Gao Li-Jiao , Liu Yu-Ping , Yuan Zhong-Yong
Published: December 2020

A shell-engineering strategy is proposed for the design of vacancy-laden Fe-doped TiO2 hollow nanospheres, such as “breathing alveolus”, enabling highly efficient and sustainable electrocatalytic N2 reduction and realizing Zn–N2 aqueous batteries.
Gold nanoparticles enhance fluorescence signals by flow cytometry at low antibody concentrations
Authors: Reis Daniela S. , de Oliveira Vivian L. , Silva Misael L. , Paniago Roberto M. , Ladeira Luiz O. , Andrade Lidia M.
Published: December 2020

Gold nanoparticles enhance antibody-fluorescence detection by flow cytometry reducing the signal to noise ratio and improving cell biology assessments.
Family-Level Executive Functioning and At-Risk Pediatric Hearing Loss Outcomes
Authors: Blank Andrew , Holt Rachael Frush , Pisoni David B. , Kronenberger William G.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Using a new measure of family-level executive functioning (EF; the Family Characteristics Scale [FCS]), we investigated associations between family-level EF, spoken language, and neurocognitive skills in children with hearing loss (HL), compared to children with normal hearing.

Method

Parents of children with HL (n= 61) or children with normal hearing (n= 65) completed the FCS-Parent, and clinicians evaluated families using the FCS-Examiner. Children completed an age-appropriate version of the Concepts and Following Directions subtest of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition. Child EF was assessed via the parent report Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.

Results

Two higher order components were derived from FCS subscales: Family Inhibition and Family Organization. For both samples, Family Inhibition was positively associated with child inhibition, child shifting, and child language comprehension skills. Family Organization was differentially associated with child inhibition, working memory, and planning/organization skills across the samples. Additionally, Family Inhibition was associated with child planning and organization skills for children with HL.

Conclusions

Results support the FCS as a measure of family-level EF. Family-level inhibition related to better child inhibition, flexibility/shifting, and language comprehension across both samples and to better planning and organization skills in children with HL. As children with HL experienced greater difficulties in EF, families demonstrated greater organization, possibly as a compensatory measure. Results suggest that inhibition and organization at a family level may be important targets for the development of novel interventions to promote EF and language outcomes for children with HL.
Exploring Best–Worst Scaling for Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Squires Scot A. , Squires Katie E.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the method of best–worst scaling (BWS) and explore how it can be applied to the field of communication sciences and disorders.

Method

Two hundred thirty-six participants (156 students and 80 instructors) responded to a survey using BWS to identify the most and least preferred features of a speech-language pathology graduate program. Results were analyzed with Sawtooth Software and best–worst values were transformed into a standardized ratio scale.

Results

The number one attribute that students were most concerned with when choosing a graduate program was clinical placements followed by financial aid/scholarships/graduate assistant positions, highly ranked/reputation of program, updated resources available in clinic, reputation of professors, elective coursework available in an interest area, proximity to home, research opportunities, completion of an undergraduate degree at the same institution, and, finally, the availability of online courses. Five of the 10 factors were statistically different from the adjacent factor as evidenced by nonoverlapping confidence intervals. The faculty accurately predicted the top three and bottom two attributes but distinguished less between the factors as evidenced by overlapping confidence intervals in eight of the adjacent pairs.

Conclusions

BWS is able to provide nuanced information relative to the strength of the preference over other types of importance measures. It has many applications in the field of communication sciences and disorders, and this pilot study revealed one way it can be utilized. Knowing what students most desire in a graduate program allows universities to tailor their marketing to highlight the attributes of highest importance to future applicants.
Design and development of a new three‐phase AC‐DC single‐stage wind energy conversion system
Authors: Singh Kumar Abhishek , Chaudhary Kalpana
Published: December 2020

The prevalent use of the diode bridge rectifier in three phase wind energy conversion systems decreases the efficiency of the power generation. In standalone wind energy generation, bridgeless converters can address this problem by eliminating the front‐end diode bridge rectifier. This work presents a novel single‐stage three‐phase bridgeless AC to DC c̀uk converter for wind energy conversion systems. The proposed converter is designed to work in discontinuous inductor current mode because of its inherent power factor correction and less harmonic distortion. Using body‐diodes of the MOSFETs per phase component reduction is also done in this converter. A unique maximum power point tracking technique is developed for this converter using three‐phase voltages and currents, instead of the DC link states. A wind energy emulation system using a DC motor and self excited induction generator is used to test the laboratory prototype of the proposed converter.
Augmentation of Chicken Thigh Model with Fluorescence Imaging Allows for Real-Time, High Fidelity Assessment in Supermicrosurgery Training
Authors: Albano Nicholas J. , Zeng Weifeng , Lin Christie , Uselmann Adam J. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Poore Samuel O.
Published: December 2020

Background The skills required for supermicrosurgery are hard-earned and difficult to master. The University of Wisconsin “blue-blood” chicken thigh model incorporates perfusion of the thigh vessels with a blue liquid solution, allowing users to visualize flow across their anastomoses. This model has proven to be an excellent source of small vessels (down to 0.3 mm) but assessing the quality of anastomoses at this spatial scale has proven difficult. We evaluated whether fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in this realistic training model would enhance the assessment of supermicrosurgical anastomoses, and therefore improve real-time feedback to trainees.

Methods Anastomoses of vessels ranging from 0.35 to 0.55mm in diameter were performed followed by the capture of white light with and without fluorescence imaging overlay during infusion of “blue-blood” and ICG. Videos were randomized and shown to seven fellowship-trained microsurgeons at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who rated each anastomosis as “patent,” “not patent,” or “unsure.” Surgeon accuracy, uncertainty, and inter-rater agreement were measured for each imaging modality.

Results Use of fluorescence significantly increased surgeon accuracy to 91% compared with 47% with white light alone (p = 0.015), decreased surgeon uncertainty to 4% compared with 41% with white light alone (p = 0.011), and improved inter-rater agreement from 53.1% with white light alone to 91.8% (p = 0.016).

Conclusion Augmentation of the University of Wisconsin “blue-blood” chicken thigh model with ICG fluorescence improves accuracy, decreases uncertainty, and improves inter-rater agreement when assessing supermicrosurgical anastomoses in a training setting. This improved, real-time feedback enhances this model's value as a supermicrosurgical training tool.
Exact solutions for the Lippmann–Schwinger equation in two dimensions and invisibility conditions
Authors: Maioli Alan C. , Schmidt Alexandre G. M.
Published: December 2020

We present exact solutions for the Lippmann–Schwinger equation in two dimensions for circular boundary walls in three cases: (i) a finite number N of concentric barriers; (ii) a single barrier with Dirac delta derivatives, in the sense of distribution theory, namely, angular, normal, and along the curve; and (iii) a single barrier with an arbitrary distribution. As an application of this last result, we obtain conditions that must be fulfilled in order for the barrier to become invisible.
Energy conversion during multiple X-lines reconnection
Authors: Yi Yongyuan , Zhou Meng , Song Liangjin , Deng Xiaohua
Published: December 2020

Magnetic reconnection efficiently converts magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal energy of plasmas. It is recently found that energy conversion mainly occurs at reconnection fronts (characterized by the enhancement of the reconnected magnetic field component Bz) and the reconnection exhaust during single X-line reconnection. However, magnetic islands are produced in multiple X-line reconnection. These islands can coalesce, which complicates the energy conversion process relative to the single X-line reconnection. Using 2.5D particle-in-cell simulation, we examine the energy conversion in multiple X-line reconnection. It is found that the magnetic energy releases predominantly through primary islands and second at X-lines. The contributions of secondary islands and merging current sheets to magnetic energy conversion are much less than those by the primary islands. The presence of the guide field reduces the energy conversion rate but increases the proportion of the electron energy gain. We further find that island coalescence increases the energy conversion in magnetic islands.
Experimental investigation of the return flow instability in magnetized spherical Couette flows
Authors: Ogbonna J. , Garcia F. , Gundrum T. , Seilmayer M. , Stefani F.
Published: December 2020

We conduct magnetized spherical Couette (MSC) flow experiments in the return flow instability regime with GaInSn as the working fluid, the ratio of the inner to the outer sphere radii ri/ro = 0.5, the Reynolds number Re = 1000, and the Hartmann number Ha ∈ [27.5, 40]. Rotating waves with different azimuthal wavenumbers m ∈ {2, 3, 4} manifest in certain ranges of Ha in the experiments, depending on whether the values of Ha were fixed or varied from different initial values. These observations demonstrate the multistability of rotating waves, which we attribute to the dynamical system representing the state of the MSC flow tending to move along the same solution branch of the bifurcation diagram when Ha is varied. In experiments with both fixed and varying Ha, the rotation frequencies of the rotating waves are consistent with the results of nonlinear stability analysis. A brief numerical investigation shows that differences in the azimuthal wavenumbers of the rotating waves that develop in the flow also depend on the azimuthal modes that are initially excited.
True scale-free networks hidden by finite size effects
Authors: Serafino Matteo , Cimini Giulio , Maritan Amos , Rinaldo Andrea , Suweis Samir , Banavar Jayanth R. , Caldarelli Guido
Published: December 2020

Significance

The generalized scale invariance of complex networks, whose trademark feature is the power law distributions of key structural properties like node degree, has recently been questioned on the basis of statistical testing of samples from model and real data. This has important implications on the dynamic origins of network self-organization and consequently, on the general interpretation of their function and resilience. However, a well-known mechanism of departure from scale invariance is the presence of finite size effects. Developed for critical phenomena, finite size scaling analysis assesses whether an underlying scale invariance is clouded by a sample limited in size. Our approach sorts out when we may reject the hypothesis that the inherent structure of networks is scale invariant.
Magnetoelastic coupling and spin contributions to entropy and thermal transport in biferroic yttrium orthochromite
*
Authors: Bajaj Naini , Roy Aditya Prasad , Khandelwal Ashish , Chattopadhyay M K , Sathe Vasant , Mishra Sanjay K , Mittal Ranjan , Babu Peram Delli , Le Manh Duc , Niedziela Jennifer L , Bansal Dipanshu
Published: December 2020

Direct engineering of material properties through exploitation of spin, phonon, and charge-coupled degrees of freedom is an active area of development in materials science. However, the relative contribution of the competing orders to controlling the desired behavior is challenging to decipher. In particular, the independent role of phonons, magnons, and electrons, quasiparticle coupling, and relative contributions to the phase transition free energy largely remain unexplored, especially for magnetic phase transitions. Here, we study the lattice and magnetic dynamics of biferroic yttrium orthochromite using Raman, infrared, and inelastic neutron spectroscopy techniques, supporting our experimental results with first-principles lattice dynamics and spin-wave simulations across the antiferromagnetic transition at T
N ∼ 138 K. Spectroscopy data and simulations together with the heat capacity (C

p
) measurements, allow us to quantify individual entropic contributions from phonons (0.01 ± 0.01k
B atom−1), dilational (0.03 ± 0.01k
B atom−1), and magnons (0.11 ± 0.01k
B atom−1) across T
N. High-resolution phonon measurements conducted in a magnetic field show that anomalous T-dependence of phonon energies across T
N originates from magnetoelastic coupling. Phonon scattering is primarily governed by the phonon–phonon coupling, with little contribution from magnon–phonon coupling, short-range spin correlations, or magnetostriction effects; a conclusion further supported by our thermal conductivity measurements conducted up to 14 T, and phenomenological modeling.
Fiber-end antireflection method for ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating sensing systems
Authors: Luo Zhihui , Zhang Yu , Cheng Wensheng , Yang Xiongbo , Zeng Shuguang
Published: December 2020

A novel fiber-end antireflection method for reducing the reflection noise in ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing systems is proposed in this study. The principle of fiber-end antireflection is analyzed and simulated theoretically, and then an antireflection structure is designed and fabricated. In this method, the fiber end is cut into an inclined surface and covered directly with an ellipsoid photosensitive ultraviolet (UV) glue drop, whose refractive index is similar to that of the fiber core. Under the online monitoring of the fiber-end reflection with the ultra-weak FBG interrogator, the refractive index of the glue drop is adjusted by controlling the UV curing time to achieve optimal reflection suppression. Results show that this method can reduce fiber-end reflection to less than −60 dB and effectively eliminate the influence of fiber-end reflection noise on the last sensor. The proposed method thus provides an excellent solution for the fiber-end processing of ultra-weak FBG sensing systems.
Traceability of network time service to UTC(NIM): online calibration
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Yuzhuo , Liu Nianfeng , Long Bo , Yang Zhiqiang , Han Feng , Zhang Aimin
Published: December 2020

Network time service provided by Network Time Protocol (NTP) servers is widely used to synchronize the clocks of computers and other networked equipment. With the rapid development of smart devices and their applications, more NTP servers as time sources need to be calibrated to a legal time reference. This work proposes using a low-cost and convenient calibration method to investigate the time service capability of ten NTP servers located at different cities in China. The uncertainties (k = 2) of the time offsets between Coordinated Universal Time (National Institute of Metrology) and network time from NTP servers for a single measurement are generally less than 150 ms, and the uncertainties (k = 2) of the mean time offsets for 24 h are less than 85 ms. Calibration results were found at the same level when applying the two time references, which were maintained a time offset less than 10 ns and located more than 1000 km apart.
Suppression of non-radiative recombination to improve performance of colloidal quantum-dot LEDs with a Cs2CO3 solution treatment
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tuan , Ryu Shinyoung , Duong Anh Tuan , Lee Soonil
Published: December 2020

We report a five-fold luminance increase of green-light-emitting CdSe@ZnS quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs) in response to treatment with a 2-ethoxyethanol solution of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3). The maximum luminous yield of Cs2CO3-treated QLED is as high as 3.41 cd A−1 at 6.4 V. To elucidate device-performance improvement, we model measured currents as the sum of radiative and non-radiative recombination components, which are respectively represented by modified Shockley equations. Variations in model parameters show that a shift in Fermi level, reduction of barrier heights, and passivation of mid-gap defect states are the main results of Cs2CO3 treatment. In spite of a large luminance difference, light-extraction efficiency remains the same at 9% regardless of Cs2CO3 treatment because of the similarity in optical structures.
Large-area, high-responsivity, fast and broadband graphene/n-Si photodetector
Authors: Scagliotti Mattia , Salvato Matteo , De Crescenzi Maurizio , Mishra Neeraj , Fabbri Filippo , Miseikis Vaidotas , Coletti Camilla , Catone Daniele , Di Mario Lorenzo , Boscardin Maurizio , Castrucci Paola
Published: December 2020

A graphene/Si heterojunction device has been realized to overcome many different requests necessary to make it a versatile, widely used and competitive detector. The obtained photodetectors, which operate at room temperature, are sensitive in the spectral region from ultraviolet (240 nm) to infrared (2000 nm) and they can be used in different configurations that allow a high responsivity up to 107 A W−1, a rise time of a few nanoseconds, an external quantum efficiency greater than 300%, and a linear response for different light sources. This is allowed by the high quality of the graphene deposited on a large area of 8 mm2, and by the interdigitated design of the contacts, both preserving the excellent properties of graphene when switching from nanoscale to macroscopic dimensions of commonly used devices.
HiPIMS optimization by using mixed high-power and low-power pulsing
Authors: Brenning Nils , Hajihoseini Hamidreza , Rudolph Martin , Raadu Michael A , Gudmundsson Jon Tomas , Minea Tiberiu M , Lundin Daniel
Published: December 2020

The possibility to optimize a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge through mixing two different power levels in the pulse pattern is investigated. Standard HiPIMS pulses are used to create the ions of the film-forming material. After each HiPIMS pulse an off-time follows, during which no voltage (or, optionally, a reversed voltage) is applied, letting the remaining ions in the magnetic trap escape towards the substrate. After these off-times, a long second pulse with lower amplitude, in the dc magnetron sputtering range, is applied. During this pulse, which is continued up to the following HiPIMS pulse, mainly neutrals of the film-forming material are produced. This pulse pattern makes it possible to achieve separate optimization of the ion production, and of the neutral atom production, that constitute the film-forming flux to the substrate. The optimization process is thereby separated into two sub-problems. The first sub-problem concerns minimizing the energy cost for ion production, and the second sub-problem deals with how to best split a given allowed discharge power between ion production and neutral production. The optimum power split is decided by the lowest ionized flux fraction that gives the desired film properties for a specific application. For the first sub-problem we describe a method where optimization is achieved by the selection of five process parameters: the HiPIMS pulse amplitude, the HiPIMS pulse length, the off-time, the working gas pressure, and the magnetic field strength. For the second sub-problem, the splitting of power between ion and neutral production, optimization is achieved by the selection of the values of two remaining process parameters, the HiPIMS pulse repetition frequency and the discharge voltage of the low-power pulse.
Vertical polarization-induced doping InN/InGaN heterojunction tunnel FET with hetero T-shaped gate*
Authors: He Yuan-Hao , Mao Wei , Du Ming , Peng Zi-Ling , Wang Hai-Yong , Zheng Xue-Feng , Wang Chong , Zhang Jin-Cheng , Hao Yue
Published: December 2020

A novel vertical InN/InGaN heterojunction tunnel FET with hetero T-shaped gate as well as polarization-doped source and drain region (InN-Hetero-TG-TFET) is proposed and investigated by Silvaco-Atlas simulations for the first time. Compared with the conventional physical doping TFET devices, the proposed device can realize the P-type source and N-type drain region by means of the polarization effect near the top InN/InGaN and bottom InGaN/InN heterojunctions respectively, which could provide an effective solution of random dopant fluctuation (RDF) and the related problems about the high thermal budget and expensive annealing techniques due to ion-implantation physical doping. Besides, due to the hetero T-shaped gate, the improvement of the on-state performance can be achieved in the proposed device. The simulations of the device proposed here in this work show I
ON of 4.45 × 10−5 A/μm, I
ON/I
OFF ratio of 1013, and SS
avg of 7.5 mV/dec in InN-Hetero-TG-TFET, which are better than the counterparts of the device with a homo T-shaped gate (InN-Homo-TG-TFET) and our reported lateral polarization-induced InN-based TFET (PI-InN-TFET). These results can provide useful reference for further developing the TFETs without physical doping process in low power electronics applications.
Lie transformation on shortcut to adiabaticity in parametric driving quantum systems*
Authors: Cheng Jian-Jian , Du Yao , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2020

Shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) is a speedway to produce the same final state that would result in an adiabatic, infinitely slow process. Two typical techniques to engineer STA are developed by either introducing auxiliary counterdiabatic fields or finding new Hamiltonians that own dynamical invariants to constraint the system into the adiabatic paths. In this paper, an efficient method is introduced to naturally cover the above two techniques with a unified Lie algebraic framework and neatly remove the design difficulties and loose assumptions in the two techniques. A general STA scheme for different potential expansions concisely achieves with the aid of squeezing transformations.
Enhanced interface properties of diamond MOSFETs with Al2O3 gate dielectric deposited via ALD at a high temperature*
Authors: Fu Yu , Xu Rui-Min , Yu Xin-Xin , Zhou Jian-Jun , Kong Yue-Chan , Chen Tang-Sheng , Yan Bo , Li Yan-Rong , Ma Zheng-Qiang , Xu Yue-Hang
Published: December 2020

The interface state of hydrogen-terminated (C–H) diamond metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is critical for device performance. In this paper, we investigate the fixed charges and interface trap states in C–H diamond MOSFETs by using different gate dielectric processes. The devices use Al2O3 as gate dielectrics that are deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 80 °C and 300 °C, respectively, and their C–V and I–V characteristics are comparatively investigated. Mott–Schottky plots (1/C
2–V
G) suggest that positive and negative fixed charges with low density of about 1011 cm−2 are located in the 80-°C- and 300-°C deposition Al2O3 films, respectively. The analyses of direct current (DC)/pulsed I–V and frequency-dependent conductance show that the shallow interface traps (0.46 eV–0.52 eV and 0.53 eV–0.56 eV above the valence band of diamond for the 80-°C and 300-°C deposition conditions, respectively) with distinct density (7.8 × 1013 eV−1⋅cm−2–8.5 × 1013 eV−1⋅cm−2 and 2.2 × 1013 eV−1⋅cm−2–5.1 × 1013 eV−1⋅cm−2 for the 80-°C- and 300-°C-deposition conditions, respectively) are present at the Al2O3/C–H diamond interface. Dynamic pulsed I–V and capacitance dispersion results indicate that the ALD Al2O3 technique with 300-°C deposition temperature has higher stability for C–H diamond MOSFETs.
Design and FPGA implementation of multi-wing chaotic switched systems based on a quadratic transformation*
Authors: Shi Qing-Yu , Huang Xia , Yuan Fang , Li Yu-Xia
Published: December 2020

Based on a quadratic transformation and a switching function, a novel multi-wing chaotic switched system is proposed. First, a 4-wing chaotic system is constructed from a 2-wing chaotic system on the basis of a quadratic transformation. Then, a switching function is designed and by adjusting the switching function, the number and the distribution of the saddle-focus equilibrium points of the switched system can be regulated. Thus, a set of chaotic switched systems, which can produce 6-to-8-12-16-wing attractors, are generated. The Lyapunov exponent spectra, bifurcation diagrams, and Poincaré maps are given to verify the existence of the chaotic attractors. Besides, the digital circuit of the multi-wing chaotic switched system is designed by using the Verilog HDL fixed-point algorithm and the state machine control. Finally, the multi-wing chaotic attractors are demonstrated via FPGA platform. The experimental results show that the number of the wings of the chaotic attractors can be expanded more effectively with the combination of the quadratic transformation and the switching function methods.
Phase-sensitive Landau-Zener-Stückelberg interference in superconducting quantum circuit*
Authors: Yang Zhi-Xuan , Zhang Yi-Meng , Zhou Yu-Xuan , Zhang Li-Bo , Yan Fei , Liu Song , Xu Yuan , Li Jian
Published: December 2020

Superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture composed of superconducting qubit and resonator is a powerful platform for exploring quantum physics and quantum information processing. By employing techniques developed for superconducting quantum computing, we experimentally investigate phase-sensitive Landau–Zener–Stückelberg (LZS) interference phenomena in a circuit QED. Our experiments cover an extensive range of LZS transition parameters and demonstrate the LZS induced Rabi-like oscillation as well as phase-dependent steady-state population.
Design and fabrication of GeAsSeS chalcogenide waveguides with thermal annealing*
Authors: Zhang Limeng , Chen Jinbo , Gu Jierong , Gao Yixiao , Shen Xiang , Chen Yimin , Xu Tiefeng
Published: December 2020

We reported a chalcogenide glass-based rib waveguide fabricated using photolithography and dry etching method. A commercial software (COMSOL Multiphysics) was used to optimize the waveguide structure and the distribution of the fundamental modes in the waveguide based on the complete vector finite component. We further employed thermal annealing to optimize the surface and sidewalls of the rib waveguides. It was found that the optimal annealing temperature for GeAsSeS films is 220 °C, and the roughness of the films could be significantly reduced by annealing. The zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) could be shifted to a short wavelength around ∼ 2.1 μm via waveguide structural optimization, which promotes supercontinuum generation with a short wavelength pump laser source. The insertion loss of the waveguides with cross-sectional areas of 4.0 μm × 3.5 μm and 6.0 μm × 3.5 μm was measured using lens fiber and the cut-back method. The propagation loss of the 220 °C annealed waveguides could be as low as 1.9 dB/cm at 1550 nm.
Fast generation of W state via superadiabatic-based shortcut in circuit quantum electrodynamics*
Authors: Wang Xue-Mei , Zhang An-Qi , Xu Peng , Zhao Sheng-Mei
Published: December 2020

We propose a scheme to fast prepare the three-qubit W state via superadiabatic-based shortcuts in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) system. We derive the effective Hamiltonian to suppress the unwanted transitions between different eigenstates by counterdiabatic driving, and obtain the W state with high-fidelity based on the superadiabatic passage. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can accelerate the evolution, and is more efficient than that with the adiabatic passage. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust to the decoherence caused by the resonator decay and qubit relaxation, and does not need additional parameters, which could be feasible in experiment.
Structure and luminescence of a-plane GaN on r-plane sapphire substrate modified by Si implantation*
Authors: Huang Lijie , Li Lin , Shang Zhen , Wang Mao , Kang Junjie , Luo Wei , Liang Zhiwen , Prucnal Slawomir , Kentsch Ulrich , Ji Yanda , Zhang Fabi , Wang Qi , Yuan Ye , Sun Qian , Zhou Shengqiang , Wang Xinqiang
Published: December 2020

We show the structural and optical properties of non-polar a-plane GaN epitaxial films modified by Si ion implantation. Upon gradually raising Si fluences from 5 × 1013 cm−2 to 5 × 1015 cm−2, the n-type dopant concentration gradually increases from 4.6 × 1018 cm−2 to 4.5 × 1020 cm−2, while the generated vacancy density accordingly raises from 3.7 × 1013 cm−2 to 3.8 × 1015 cm−2. Moreover, despite that the implantation enhances structural disorder, the epitaxial structure of the implanted region is still well preserved which is confirmed by Rutherford backscattering channeling spectrometry measurements. The monotonical uniaxial lattice expansion along the a direction (out-of-plane direction) is observed as a function of fluences till 1 × 1015 cm−2, which ceases at the overdose of 5 × 1015 cm−2 due to the partial amorphization in the surface region. Upon raising irradiation dose, a yellow emission in the as-grown sample is gradually quenched, probably due to the irradiation-induced generation of non-radiative recombination centers.
A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation*
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Liang Xinhui , Tian Yaoqi , Yang Fan , Chen Cheng , Liu Yong-Chun , Tey Meng Khoon , You Li
Published: December 2020

Quantum information processing based on Rydberg atoms emerged as a promising direction two decades ago. Recent experimental and theoretical progresses have shined exciting light on this avenue. In this concise review, we will briefly introduce the basics of Rydberg atoms and their recent applications in associated areas of neutral atom quantum computation and simulation. We shall also include related discussions on quantum optics with Rydberg atomic ensembles, which are increasingly used to explore quantum computation and quantum simulation with photons.
Adsorption of propylene carbonate on the LiMn2O4 (100) surface investigated by DFT + U calculations*
Authors: Hu Wei , Luo Wenwei , Wang Hewen , Ouyang Chuying
Published: December 2020

Understanding the mechanism of the interfacial reaction between the cathode material and the electrolyte is a significant work because the interfacial reaction is an important factor affecting the stability, capacity, and cycling performance of Li-ion batteries. In this work, spin-polarized density functional theory calculations with on-site Coulomb energy have been employed to study the adsorption of electrolyte components propylene carbonate (PC) on the LiMn2O4 (100) surface. The findings show that the PC molecule prefers to interact with the Mn atom on the LiMn2O4 (100) surface via the carbonyl oxygen (Oc), with the adsorption energy of −1.16 eV, which is an exothermic reaction. As the adsorption of organic molecule PC increases the Mn atoms coordination with O atoms on the (100) surface, the Mn3 + ions on the surface lose charge and the reactivity is substantially decreased, which improves the stability of the surface and benefits the cycling performance.
The FAIR Heavy Ion Synchrotron SIS100
Authors: Spiller P. , Balss R. , Bartolome P. , Blaurock J. , Blell U. , Boine-Frankenheim O. , Bozyk L. , Chorowski M. , Eisel T. , Frey M. , Giacomini T. , Kaether F. , Khodzhibagiyan H. , Klammes S. , Klingbeil H. , Koenig H.G. , Kornilov V. , Kowina P. , Lens D. , Meier J.P. , Ondreka D. , Petzenhauser I. , Plyusnin V. , Pongrac I. , Pyka N. , Raginel V. , Rottlaender P. , Roux C. , Schmidt J. , Schwickert M. , Sugita K. , Szwangruber A. , Szwangruber P. , Trockel R. , Waldt A. , Welker H. , Wilfert S. , Winkler T. , Winters D.
Published: December 2020

The superconducting, heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 is the core of the new FAIR facility at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. Its unique design is dedicated to the acceleration of intermediate charge state heavy ions. Several new technical approaches assure the stabilization of the vacuum dynamics and the minimization of charge related beam loss. Beside high intensity heavy ions, SIS100 will accelerate all ions from Protons to Uranium, and in spite of the fact that superconducting magnets are used, SIS100 shall be as flexible in ramping and cycling as a normal conducting synchrotron.