bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-row cropping and rootstock genotype selection in a UK cider orchard to combat apple replant disease
Authors: Cook Chris , Magan Naresh , Xu Xiangming
Published: July 2023

Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree. A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards may minimise the severity of ARD symptoms. High-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S rDNA regions was used to investigate the diversity, and differential taxa present in soils displaying symptoms of ARD. Candidate pathogens and beneficial microorganisms were correlated with the above-ground establishment of each rootstock genotype in a UK cider orchard. Our results suggest that the same rootstock or rootstock with closely related parentage to the previous rootstock had more severe ARD symptoms. Planting in the alleyway appeared an effective strategy to minimise the severity of symptoms irrespective of rootstock genotype. The planting location effect had a higher contribution to the variation in the rhizosphere microbiome than that of the rootstock genotype. No predicted causal agents for ARD could be identified to a taxonomic level to predict their function but two species associated with mycorrhizae, Pteridiospora spinosispora and Paraglomus laccatum were identified as inversely correlated with ARD severity and could be candidate beneficial species for apple, warranting further investigation and research. Our findings suggest that planting in the alleyways and planting rootstocks genetically dissimilar to the previously planted rootstock can be beneficial for tree establishment. We have also identified species inversely associated with ARD severity, making candidates for future research to test the antagonistic effect of the species against ARD pathogens in apple roots.
Robust low-rank diffraction separation and imaging by CUR matrix decomposition
Authors: Lin Peng , Peng Suping , Xiang Yang , Li Chuangjian , Cui Xiaoqin
Published: July 2023

Diffractions from underground discontinuities, which appear as common wavefields in seismic records, contain rich geologic information regarding small-scale structures. As a result of their weak amplitude characteristics, a key preliminary task in imaging subsurface inhomogeneities using seismic diffractions is to simultaneously eliminate strong reflections and separate weak diffractions. Traditional low-rank diffraction separation methods predict linear reflections and separate diffractions by applying a low-rank approximation, such as truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD). However, these methods require the accurate estimation of the rank, which influences the separation and imaging quality of diffractions. A robust low-rank diffraction separation method is developed using CUR matrix decomposition rather than the TSVD calculation to avoid the rank estimate. CUR matrix decomposition expresses a data matrix as a product of the matrices [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] by randomly selecting a small number of actual columns and rows from the matrix to achieve a low-rank approximation. A near-optimal sampling algorithm is used to randomly select columns and rows from the Hankel matrix and calculate the CUR decomposition. Oversampling of columns and rows effectively eliminates the requirement for an accurate rank. Moreover, synthetic and field applications demonstrate the good performance of our CUR-based diffraction separation method in attenuating reflections and highlighting diffractions.
Oxidative stress induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and ceramide accumulation in retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Kevin R. , Jankowski Connor S. R. , Marshall Rayna , Nair Rohini , Más Gómez Néstor , Alnemri Ahab , Liu Yingrui , Erler Elizabeth , Ferrante Julia , Song Ying , Bell Brent A. , Baumann Bailey H. , Sterling Jacob , Anderson Brandon , Foshe Sierra , Roof Jennifer , Fazelinia Hossein , Spruce Lynn A. , Chuang Jen-Zen , Sung Ching-Hwa , Dhingra Anuradha , Boesze-Battaglia Kathleen , Chavali Venkata R. M. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Mitchell Claire H. , Dunaief Joshua L.
Published: July 2023

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in older adults, with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells playing a key role. To better understand the cytotoxic mechanisms underlying oxidative stress, we used cell culture and mouse models of iron overload, as iron can catalyze reactive oxygen species formation in the RPE. Iron-loading of cultured induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells increased lysosomal abundance, impaired proteolysis and reduced the activity of a subset of lysosomal enzymes, including lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1). In a liver-specific Hepc (Hamp) knockout murine model of systemic iron overload, RPE cells accumulated lipid peroxidation adducts and lysosomes, developed progressive hypertrophy and underwent cell death. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses revealed accumulation of lysosomal proteins, ceramide biosynthetic enzymes and ceramides. The proteolytic enzyme cathepsin D (CTSD) had impaired maturation. A large proportion of lysosomes were galectin-3 (Lgals3) positive, suggesting cytotoxic lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Collectively, these results demonstrate that iron overload induces lysosomal accumulation and impairs lysosomal function, likely due to iron-induced lipid peroxides that can inhibit lysosomal enzymes.
Localization of the tubby domain, a PI(4,5)P2 biosensor, to E-Syt3-rich endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane junctions
Authors: Thallmair Veronika , Schultz Lea , Evers Saskia , Jolie Theresa , Goecke Christian , Leitner Michael G. , Thallmair Sebastian , Oliver Dominik
Published: July 2023

The phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] acts as a signaling lipid at the plasma membrane (PM) with pleiotropic regulatory actions on multiple cellular processes. Signaling specificity might result from spatiotemporal compartmentalization of the lipid and from combinatorial binding of PI(4,5)P2 effector proteins to additional membrane components. Here, we analyzed the spatial distribution of tubbyCT, a paradigmatic PI(4,5)P2-binding domain, in live mammalian cells by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. We found that unlike other well-characterized PI(4,5)P2 recognition domains, tubbyCT segregates into distinct domains within the PM. TubbyCT enrichment occurred at contact sites between PM and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e. at ER–PM junctions) as shown by colocalization with ER–PM markers. Localization to these sites was mediated in a combinatorial manner by binding to PI(4,5)P2 and by interaction with a cytosolic domain of extended synaptotagmin 3 (E-Syt3), but not other E-Syt isoforms. Selective localization to these structures suggests that tubbyCT is a novel selective reporter for a ER–PM junctional pool of PI(4,5)P2. Finally, we found that association with ER–PM junctions is a conserved feature of tubby-like proteins (TULPs), suggesting an as-yet-unknown function of TULPs.
How host ER membrane chaperones and morphogenic proteins support virus infection
Authors: Woo Tai-Ting , Williams Jeffrey M. , Tsai Billy
Published: July 2023

The multi-functional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is exploited by viruses to cause infection. Morphologically, this organelle is a highly interconnected membranous network consisting of sheets and tubules whose levels are dynamic, changing in response to cellular conditions. Functionally, the ER is responsible for protein synthesis, folding, secretion and degradation, as well as Ca2+ homeostasis and lipid biosynthesis, with each event catalyzed by defined ER factors. Strikingly, these ER host factors are hijacked by viruses to support different infection steps, including entry, translation, replication, assembly and egress. Although the full repertoire of these ER factors that are hijacked is unknown, recent studies have uncovered several ER membrane machineries that are exploited by viruses – ranging from polyomavirus to flavivirus and coronavirus – to facilitate different steps of their life cycle. These discoveries should provide better understanding of virus infection mechanisms, potentially leading to the development of more effective anti-viral therapies.
Fluorine-Free Substrate-Independent Superhydrophobic Coatings by Nanoarchitectonics of Polydispersed 2D Materials
Authors: Hikichi Ryota , Tokura Yuki , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya
Published: July 2023

Fluorine-free superhydrophobic surfaces have been required to meet environmental regulations in recent years. A new nanoarchitectonics is required to achieve superhydrophobicity without using perfluoroalkyl compounds. In the present work, surface-modified exfoliated nanosheets with polydispersed sizes were utilized to prepare coatings with high surface roughness and low surface energy. Fluorine-free superhydrophobic surfaces were obtained by spray coating of surface-modified exfoliated nanosheets based on transition-metal oxides. The water contact angle (θw) 166.0 ± 0.5° is the highest compared with that of the fluorine-free substrate-independent coatings in previous reports. The significant factors related to θw were studied using machine learning combined with our chemical insight in the small data obtained in the present work. The resultant superhydrophobic coatings exhibited unique properties, such as sliding of water droplets, superoleophilic behavior, recyclability, and durability. The present design strategy can be applied to development of various functional coatings using exfoliated 2D materials with polydispersity.
Αξιολόγηση της συσχέτισης εργαστηριακών και ανατομικών βιοδεικτών σε ασθενείς με διαβητική αμφιβληστροειδοπάθεια
Authors: Δημητρίου Ελένη
Published: July 2023

Σκοπός: Η αξιολόγηση της συσχέτισης ανατομικών βιοδεικτών τουαμφιβληστροειδούς και εργαστηριακών εξετάσεων ασθενών με διαβητικό οίδημαωχράς, καθώς και η διερεύνηση της πιθανής ανταπόκρισης του διαβητικού οιδήματοςτης ωχράς στη θεραπεία με ενδοϋαλοειδικές εγχύσεις anti-VEGF σε σχέση μεανατομικούς ή εργαστηριακούς βιοδείκτες.Μέθοδος: Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 36 ασθενείς, άνευ προηγούμενης θεραπείας, μεδιαβητικό οίδημα ωχράς κηλίδας, για το οποίο έλαβαν ενδοϋαλοειδικές εγχύσεις anti-VEGF και παρακολουθήθηκαν για 12 μήνες. Στην εξέταση αναφοράς, όλοι οι ασθενείςυπεβλήθησαν σε μέτρηση οπτικής οξύτητας, βιομικροσκόπηση και βυθοσκόπηση στησχισμοειδή λυχνία μετά από μυδρίαση, έγχρωμη φωτογραφία βυθού, οπτικήτομογραφία συνοχής και φλουοροαγγειογραφία, ενώ πραγματοποιήθηκε πλήρηςαιματολογικός και βιοχημικός έλεγχος διαφόρων παραμέτρων. Εξετάστηκε πιθανήσυσχέτιση μεταξύ μορφολογικών χαρακτηριστικών και εργαστηριακών παραμέτρωνκαι στο 12ο μήνα αξιολογήθηκε η ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία, και ταξινομήθηκε ως«θετική» ή «μη ανταπόκριση».Αποτελέσματα: Οφθαλμοί με κεντρικό πάχος αμφιβληστροειδούς μεγαλύτερο από405 μm εμφάνισαν σημαντικά υψηλότερο δείκτη ουδετερόφιλα/λεμφοκύτταρα(p=0.043) και υψηλότερη τιμή λιποπρωτεΐνης (a) σε σχέση με οφθαλμούς με κεντρικόπάχος αμφιβληστροειδούς μικρότερο από 405 μm (p=0.003). Η παρουσίαυπερανακλαστικών κοκκίων στην οπτική τομογραφία συνοχής συσχετίστηκε μεσημαντικά υψηλότερο αριθμό λευκών αιμοσφαιρίων (p=0.028). Η διαταραχή τηςελλειψοειδούς ζώνης συσχετίστηκε με σημαντικά χαμηλότερο αιματοκρίτη (p=0.009)και αριθμό ερυθρών αιμοσφαιρίων (p=0.026), καθώς επίσης, με υψηλότερη τιμήλιποπρωτεΐνης (a) (p=0.015). Η ισχαιμία της ωχράς κηλίδας στη φλουοροαγγειογραφίασυσχετίστηκε με σημαντικά υψηλότερο αριθμό μονοκυττάρων (p=0.027) και δείκτημονοκύτταρα/HDL (p=0.019). Δεν βρέθηκε σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύεργαστηριακών παραμέτρων και υποαμφιβληστροειδικού υγρού,ενδοαμφιβληστροειδικού υγρού, εξιδρωμάτων, κύστεων, αποδιοργάνωση των έσωστιβάδων, επιαμφιβληστροειδικής μεμβράνης και της κατάστασης της έξωαφορίστηκης μεμβράνης. Επιπλέον, στην πολυμεταβλητή ανάλυση το κεντρικό πάχοςτου αμφιβληστροειδούς βρέθηκε ότι ήταν ανεξάρτητος παράγοντας για την πρόβλεψητης απάντησης στη θεραπεία, ενώ η κατάσταση της ελλειψοειδούς ζώνης και της έξω106αφοριστικής μεμβράνης, καθώς και η παρουσία επιαμφιβληστροειδικής μεμβράνηςσυσχετίστηκαν επίσης με «θετική» ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία.Συμπεράσματα: Συγκεκριμένα απεικονιστικά μορφολογικά χαρακτηριστικάβρέθηκαν να εμφανίζουν συσχέτιση με εργαστηριακούς βιοδείκτες σε ασθενείς μεδιαβητικό οίδημα ωχράς κηλίδας. Επίσης, η ανέπαφη ελλειψοειδής ζώνη και έξωαφοριστική μεμβράνη, η απουσία επιαμφιβληστροειδικής μεμβράνης και το κεντρικόπάχος αμφιβληστροειδούς ≤405 μm στην εξέταση αναφοράς, μπορούν να προβλέψουν«θετική» ανταπόκριση στη θεραπεία σε ασθενείς με διαβητικό οίδημα ωχράς, ενώ δενβρέθηκε συσχέτιση με τα εργαστηριακά ευρήματα στην εξέταση αναφοράς.
An approach to determining the most common causes of stillbirth in low and middle-income countries: A commentary
Authors: Goldenberg Robert L. , Ordi Jaume , Blau Dianna M. , Rakislova Natalia , Kulkarni Vardendra , Ghanchi Najia Karim , Saleem Sarah , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Goco Norman , Paganelli Christina , McClure Elizabeth M. ,   PURPOSe, CHAMPS, ISGlobal, and the MITS Surveillance Alliance investigators
Published: July 2023

Stillbirth, one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes, is especially prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the causes of stillbirth is crucial to developing effective interventions. In this commentary, investigators working across several LMICs discuss the most useful investigations to determine causes of stillbirths in LMICs. Useful data were defined as 1) feasible to obtain accurately and 2) informative to determine or help eliminate a cause of death.

Recently, new tools for LMIC settings to determine cause of death in stillbirths, including minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) – a method using needle biopsies to obtain internal organ tissue from deceased fetuses for histology and pathogen identification in those tissues have become available. While placental histology has been available for some time, the development of the Amsterdam Criteria in 2016 has provided a useful framework to categorize placental lesions. The authors recommend focusing on the clinical history, the placental evaluation, the external examination of the fetus, and, when available, fetal tissue obtained by MITS, especially of the lung (focused on histology and microbiology) and brain/cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and fetal blood (focused on microbiological analysis). The authors recognize that this approach may not identify some causes of stillbirth, including some genetic abnormalities and internal organ anomalies, but believe it will identify the most common causes of stillbirth, and most of the preventable causes.
RELOCATION OF SPECIALISTS FROM RUSSIA: SCALE AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Kazanceva N. , Ostapenko V.
Published: July 2023

The article reflects the main problems of organizing labor relations that arise in connection with the excessive external relocation of specialists from Russia. The directions of transformation of the economy are determined, reflecting the problems of the labor market in connection with relocation. Approaches to assessing the scale and consequences of labor relocation for the national economy as a whole and certain of its industries are identified. The tendencies of migration processes affecting the labor market of the Russian Federation, reforming education, staffing production and achieving technological sovereignty in the new geopolitical realities are outlined.
FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF PERSONNEL AND JOB SATISFACTION AT LARGE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
Authors: Ponomareva O. , Shkurin D.
Published: July 2023

In the article, the authors emphasize the importance of a differentiated approach to managing job satisfaction in dynamic socio-economic conditions, taking into account the social structure of the staff. The importance of timely management decisions to change motivational policies in order to retain core personnel to achieve business goals and maintain stable employee efficiency is shown. It is emphasized that the social structure of the staff is constantly undergoing changes and periodic measurement of its characteristics is required in order to establish the appropriateness of management efforts to maintain the social and financial well-being of the staff and the commitment of the company during their working life at large business enterprises. It is established that the monitoring of staff self-assessment of factors of job satisfaction is an effective tool that emphasizes the interest of management in the opinion of employees. The survey methodology and the results of in-depth data analysis can provide up-to-date information for making point management decisions. As an example, the results of a study of the overall level of satisfaction with labor factors of the personnel of two large-scale enterprises and their differentiation depending on gender, age, seniority and education are given, indicating the expediency of introducing differences in labor satisfaction management.

It is shown that the effectiveness of job satisfaction management depends, first of all, on the timely assessment and identification of motivational factors of distress and growth factors in the context of the social structure of the staff and on their basis the formation of a targeted approach to motivation. The main problem in this regard is the underestimation by the company’s management of the influence of age, gender, seniority and education on the level of job satisfaction; an average assessment of all factors of job satisfaction and ignoring real problem areas and the subjective significance for employees of individual factors of job satisfaction, including in the context of the social structure of the staff; orientation to invited multifunctional employees, and not the disclosure of the potential of working qualified workers.
SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTIONS OF EMPLOYEES ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF PILOT STUDIES IS SUMMARIZED
Authors: Yurtaeva M. , Gluhanyuk N. , Vidyakina M.
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes pilot studies of personnel risks, professional motivation and organizational closeness. All studies relate to significant problems in the field of human resource management of modern organizations. The novelty of this work is determined by the strategy of personnel analysis not as an object of managerial influence, but as an active subject in the system of organizational relations. The study of the organization from the standpoint of the subjective perceptions of the employees made it possible to identify a separate type of personnel risk due to the personality and thinking of the employee. The developed methodology for assessing subjective risks in an organization made it possible to identify areas of uncertainty in the subjective perceptions of personnel about the organization as sources of potential conflicts and security threats. The study of professional motivation shows the complexity of the structure of professional motivation of staff, which is specifically regulated by the functions of locomotion and evaluation. The analysis of the perception of the closedness of the organization found that certain management practices will contribute to the closeness of the new experience among employees, the rejection of organizational changes and a decrease in job satisfaction. The article defines the practical significance of each empirical study. The conclusions discuss the possibility of training an extended strategy for researching the personnel of organizations of future specialists and managers, as well as the relevance of the tasks of effective human resource management.
Streptococcal infections (Strep A) in primary care settings
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: July 2023

In December 2022, there was a reported increase in the number of infections in the UK, resulting in deaths of young children, occurring as a result of invasive Strep A infections. Margaret Perry explains how these infections can be managed in a general practice setting.

Group A streptococcal infections (GAS) are reported to be common and are often carried on the skin or in the throat and are harmless. However, in some cases they cause infection which may be mild, or in some cases the problem becomes invasive (iGAS) resulting in a more serious infection requiring hospital admission and treatment. This article will give an overview of the commonest infections arising as a result of GAS and will look at signs and symptoms, treatment, and complications, with the aim of increasing confidence among practice nurses and non-medical prescribers in the recognition and management of these conditions.
Public Health Collaboration Conference
Authors: Winter George
Published: July 2023

The PHC's mission is to ‘empower, inspire and educate people that most chronic diseases can be prevented and reversed by maintaining good metabolic health through sustainable lifestyle changes’. George Winter reports from its latest gathering in Sheffield
Small Molten Salt Reactors Project Given Funding
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Danes hoping to make six-metre units that can power 200,000 homes
Preserving Donor Livers
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Metra device keeps organ in better shape
Making Car Parks Smarter
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

New system will tell you where spaces are
Ultra-Sensitive Infrared Detectors
Authors: Knight Helen
Published: July 2023

Reducing dark current means devices can be used at room temperature
A Technology Coming of Age
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: July 2023

After the initial hype, additive manufacturing is now starting to deliver practical benefits.
The Flow Between
Authors: Roper Jack
Published: July 2023

EXPERTS EXPLAIN HOW ELECTROHYDRAULICS FORM THE INDISPENSABLE LINK BETWEEN CONTROL INTERFACES AND MACHINE MOVEMENTS IN AUTONOMOUS AND SEMI-AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, HELPING TO IMPROVE MACHINE EFFICIENCY AND REDUCE OPERATOR FATIGUE
One Day in the Future
Authors: Smith David
Published: July 2023

CNH INDUSTRIAL SPENT A DAY LATE LAST YEAR DEMONSTRATING EXACTLY HOW ITS LATEST ALTERNATIVELY FUELLED, CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WILL TRANSFORM ALL OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLES – STARTING DOWN ON THE FARM
Leading the Charge
Authors: Dyble Jonathan
Published: July 2023

Developers of electrical propulsion systems are exploring several technologies and approaches to improve progress on performance and safety
‘Sure why would they need Irish?’: Scoil an tSeachtar Laoch, Ballymun, and working-class decolonisation, c.1970-73
Authors: Ó Luain Kerron
Published: July 2023

This article examines the struggle carried out by working-class Irish-language activists in Ballymun to found a gaelscoil (Irish-medium school) in the early 1970s. The article is based on archival research and interviews with two key participants involved in the campaign for Scoil an tSeachtar Laoch, Éilís Uí Langáin and Colm Ó Torna. The campaign to establish the school is viewed through the lenses of class and decolonisation. Firstly, the long-term socio-economic and political contexts to the campaign are outlined. Secondly, the social base and the pre-existing networks and ideology which allowed the campaign to develop are explored. Following this, the emergence of the campaign and its politics are examined. Finally, the lasting impact of the struggle for the school both locally and nationally is discussed. The conclusion reached is one that is of the utmost importance for Irish language, gaelscoil and decolonial activists, namely that it will be difficult to replicate the success of Ballymun again today in the neoliberal context because the material basis in terms of secure housing and a tight-knit urban community does not exist. At a time when there has been much talk in Irish revivalist circles about promoting Irish in Dublin with the launch of the Baile Átha Cliath le Gaeilge (Dublin For Irish) scheme, the history of Ballymun and Scoil an tSeachtar Laoch demonstrates how a secure home is the lynchpin on which real communal progress with regard the Irish language must be based. It is therefore necessary for those who wish to see the Irish language flourish in the city to learn the lessons of history and improve, first and foremost, the day-to-day lives of ordinary Dubliners by becoming active on the burning question of housing.
‘Typical characters under typical circumstances’: The Slum Fiction of Dorothy Hewett and Ruth Park
Authors: Paul Ronald
Published: July 2023

In this article I compare the representation of working people in two novels, Ruth Park’s The Harp in the South (1948) and Dorothy Hewett’s Bobbin Up (1959), as well as the ensuing critical debate about realism in their depictions of slum life in Sydney. I show that while Hewett’s work is more class-conscious and agitational, Park’s novel comes alive in deeper intersectional ways through her awareness of the interwoven structures of gender, class and race. Although Hewett’s novel culminates in a strike by women mill workers, Park reveals more of the individual strategies of survival that form part of the working-class lives she portrays. Thus, using Friedrich Engels’ critical point about ‘typical characters under typical circumstances’, I argue that while both writers try to capture the fundamental experience of working-class people, this is more successfully done in Park’s novel, both in terms of its literary realism and implicit radical politics.
Dropping Voices: Southern Black Agrarian Revolt in Charles Chesnutt’s Fiction
Authors: O'Donoghue James
Published: July 2023

This essay places Charles Chesnutt’s work at the intersection of race and class in order to address the still debated question of Chesnutt’s relation to the black working-class and reinterpret his now canonical fiction as deeply entwined with the political and economic life of the black agrarian masses of the US South. I argue that the conjure tales’ centrality to turn-of-the-century American literature is in its full-throated representation of the economic demands of the black agrarian masses. Furthermore, when Chesnutt ‘dropped’ Julius as his ‘mouthpiece’ his writing ultimately left behind the masses and began to speak in the accents of metropolitan self-making.  I address a range of Chesnutt’s works to demonstrate the key developments in how Chesnutt imagined racial uplift and how the black agrarian masses were to be employed in razing American apartheid. This essay then gives evidence to show Chesnutt’s growing skepticism of large dispersed political movements of the masses like Black Populism in favor of the concentrated exemplars of outstanding individuals.
‘They Died from Misadventure and Accident’: Learning from our Missing Ancestral Failures
Authors: Zecker Bob
Published: July 2023

White ethnics have fashioned a valorizing narrative of hard-working ancestors playing by the rules and ‘making it.’ This narrative distinguishes between ‘us’ and parasitic ‘them’ (today’s marginalized non-white migrants) in a highly selective fashion. What if we interrogate the universality of the Ellis Island saga? Recovering stories of forgotten people, immigrant ‘failures,’ by applying Carlo Ginzburg’s microhistory approach, reveals many victims in early 1900s America. This paper interrogates these gaps in my maternal grandpa’s family, the Albaneses of Newark. My grandpa had an older sister (born in Italy) only everyone swears there was no Maria, even though there she is in the 1910 census, 19-year-old lamp-factory worker. Then I discovered in November 1910, there was a horrible Aetna Lamp Factory fire, two blocks from their home. This fire resulted in 27 deaths, three months before the better-known Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Was this why Maria disappeared? Another sister fled an abusive husband, only to be threatened with prosecution under the Mann Act for crossing state lines for ‘immoral purposes.’ Then there was brother Ben, riding freight cars for years before ending up in an L.A. flophouse. Other invisible immigrants appear in brief newspaper notices, as of a 19-year-old striker shot in the back by Pinkertons, or runaway men whose photos called out from the ‘gallery of missing husbands.’ Revealing industrial-age microhistories of loss and trauma can (potentially) resurrect empathy toward today’s migrants or remind us of the hefty blood price capitalism exacted from workers, in 1910 no less than 2023.
Invisible Laborers: A storied love letter to other working-class mothers in academia
Authors: Mosier-Puentes Miranda
Published: July 2023

This paper began from my own desire to see the words of other working-class mothers in academia, to find the proof of our existence. I use autoethnography, or scholarly personal narrative, to nest my own stories of being a working-class mother within earlier scholars’ (Leeb, 2004) observations of the particular ways classism targets working-class women in academia. I also draw from Tiffe’s (2014) observations of the strengths of working-class people, in our abilities to disrupt the neoliberal university’s relationships to time, care, and bodies, and consider how working-class mothers in academia enact these disruptions through our presence.
Designing Solar Powered Food Stall and Enhancing Knowledge of Food Stall Holders by Using Solar Energy for Environment Conservation
Authors: Patel Sarjoo , Mishra Urvashi
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: Solar energy is an understandable choice for domestic as well as commercial use. Majority of the population of India lives in rural areas, there is scope for generating and promoting the use of solar energy. The present study is focused on designing food stalls operating on solar energy for energy conservation and pollution reduction. More than three-fourth of the respondents (69.9%) cook for 4-to-6 hours in a day and one-half spend ₹200-₹400 during cooking. The majority of respondents used wood, coal, kerosene and LPG in the last 24 hours. Majority of respondents had awareness that fuel consumption can increase the emission of harmful gases in the environment. Pollution is one of the major negative effects of fossil fuel (91.6%), greenhouse gases can deplete the ozone layer (95.6%) and release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of coal and oil contribute in smog and acid rain. The type of fuel used and the amount of fuel used during cooking and food preparation have a profound impact on the environment and air pollution. According to the data gathered it was revealed that the practices followed by the food stallholders for cooking food had adverse effects on the environment. To demonstrate the operation of actual solar operated food stall which was designed by the researchers the workshop was conducted online through Zoom Platform and the food stall owners were requested to join the workshop via the link provided. The study's findings will raise public awareness about the importance of using renewable resources to improve the lives of all people.
To Check the Efficacy of American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) Recommended Dose of Vitamin D in Healthy Breastfed Newborns
Authors: Ali Shaukat , khan Diwan Israr , Akhtar Swaleha , Siddiqui Musab
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: Background: Vitamin D supplements are necessary for breastfed newborns, although little is known regarding the effectiveness of AAP’s recommended dose of 400 IU per day of it. This randomized controlled trial evaluates the efficacy of above-mentioned dose. Method: Exclusively breastfed newborns (N=28) were block randomized in two groups, vitamin D supplemented (VitD-S) and without supplement (VitD-U), 400IU/day of vitamin D is provided to Vit D-S. Serum vitamin D was assessed at the enrolment and at 3 months. Results: Vitamin D level compared between two groups, in Vit D-S at birth it was 20.4±8.7ng/ml and at 3 months it rises to 24.8±6.1ng/ml while in Vit D-U fall in level is seen from 21.4±7.8ng/ml to 14.0±5.1ng/ml which is statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D is deficiency is quite common among mothers and babies in this location, and supplementing with 400 IU of vitamin D per day increased 25(OH)D levels in the plasma.
A Cross Sectional Study of Lipid Profile In Ultrasonography-diagnosed Fatty Liver
Authors: Sharma Saroj , Bhattarai Subaj
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct a descriptive cross sectional study to observe the relationship of lipid profile with fatty liver, as diagnosed by ultrasonography. Methodology: Study population consisted of 105 persons (50 females & 55 males) who were having non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as diagnosed by ultrasonography. Serum lipid profile reports of the study population was tabulated and compared with grade I, II & III of ultrasonography-diagnosed fatty liver. Result: Grade I (mild) non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was seen in 84.7 %, grade II (moderate) in 13.3 % and grade III (severe) in 1.9% cases. Mean age of the study population was 48.3 years ranging from 25 years (minimum) to 79 years (maximum). Dyslipidemia was found in more than two thirds of our study population. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein were increased in 67.6%, 65.7% and 67.6% respectively. High-density lipoprotein was decreased in 60.9% cases. Mean value of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were 233.5 gm/dl, 215.5 gm/dl, 148.7 gm/dl and 32.5 gm/dl respectively. When lipid profiles were compared with fatty liver, significant positive correlation was seen between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with increased serum cholesterol, increased triglyceride, increased low-density lipoprotein & decreased serum high-density lipoprotein. P value was <0.001 in all the cases. Different grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and individual lipid components showed no significant correlation. Conclusion: This study showed more than two thirds of ultrasonography-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver had abnormal lipid profile. So, safe and non-invasive ultrasonography is very useful for screening and early detection of dyslipidemia in patients.
Design of Experiment Approach for Method Development and Validation of Bilastine in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage form using RP-UFLC
Authors: Lingareddygari Sivasanker Reddy , Ravikrindhi Nageswara Rao , Beludari Ishaq Mohammed , Yennam Dastagiri Reddy , Nookala Madana Gopal , Kammari Surendra
Published: July 2023

Background: Bilastine is a H1 receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of allergic urticaria, seasonal rhinitis, etc. Few journals have reported the analytical related work on bilastine drugs. Objective: The objective of the work is to develop a simple, precise, rapid, and reproducible method using design of experiments (DOE) and check the optimized conditions when run on UFLC would give the best method or not. Results: The DOE software was used to select optimized conditions with minimal runs. The central composite design was the best fit, with two variables that include flow rate and column temperature. A total of 13 runs gave optimum conditions of 1.2 mL/min flow rate, column temperature of 40°C and mobile phasemethanol: buffer (pH 6.0) in the ratio of 70:30 in the binary mode using the Shimadzu C18 column on an HPLC instrument. The retention time of bilastine was found to be 5.126min, the number of theoretical plates and asymmetric factor being within the limit. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH Q2R1 guidelines. The linearity was found to be in the range of 1.25 µg/mL-10 µg/mL. The correlation coefficient was found to be within the limits i.e., R2=0.999. The accuracy of the current method was being performed using the %recovery at three stages 50%, 100%, and 150% and was found to be 99.5126%, 100.2765% and 99.6714% respectively. The LOD and LOQ of bilastine was found to be 0.292 µg/mL and 0.974 µg/mL. Conclusion: The DOE software reduced the number of trials, saving both time and solvent consumption. This method can be conveniently used with confidence for regular assay, which is a simple, precise, rapid, and reproducible one for the estimation of bilastine in pure and pharmaceutical tablet dosage form using UFLC.
Non Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Fluoride: A Case Study on Distribution of Water Quality Parameters in Groundwater of Kurnool District
Authors: Manjunath Dasari , Behara Dilip Kumar , Reddy Gopireddy Venkta Subba , Satyanarayana Suggala Venkata
Published: July 2023

The current investigation was carried out to find available fluoride concentration in groundwater in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh where the major source for drinking is ground water. Around 141 samples are collected from bore wells and hand pumps of selected villages in Kurnool district by using Grid map. The samples were analyzed for selected Physico-chemical parameters. The fluoride ion content was found out in the range of 0.2 to 3.6 mg/l with mean 1.1 mg/l. Human risk assessment was carried out in terms of Hazard quotient. The Average Hazard Quotient observed for children were 1.13, for males were 1.04, and for females it is 0.92. The observed HQ values are above 1 which may prone to risk, particularly for children due to their low body weight. Compared to BIS water quality standards, the remaining parameters are also within the permissible limit except nitrate ion. The elevated nitrate level in groundwater was due to excess utilization of nitrogen based fertilizers.
A comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes between two different biodegradable local antibiotic carriers used in the single-stage surgical management of long bone osteomyelitis
Authors: Ferguson Jamie , Bourget-Murray Jonathan , Stubbs David , McNally Martin , Hotchen Andrew J.
Published: July 2023

Aims

Dead-space management, following dead bone resection, is an important element of successful chronic osteomyelitis treatment. This study compared two different biodegradable antibiotic carriers used for dead-space management, and reviewed clinical and radiological outcomes. All cases underwent single-stage surgery and had a minimum one-year follow-up.

Methods

A total of 179 patients received preformed calcium sulphate pellets containing 4% tobramycin (Group OT), and 180 patients had an injectable calcium sulphate/nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite ceramic containing gentamicin (Group CG). Outcome measures were infection recurrence, wound leakage, and subsequent fracture involving the treated segment. Bone-void filling was assessed radiologically at a minimum of six months post-surgery.

Results

The median follow-up was 4.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.2 to 5.4; range 1.3 to 10.5) in Group OT compared to 4.9 years (IQR 2.1 to 6.0; range 1.0 to 8.3) in Group CG. The groups had similar defect sizes following excision (both mean 10.9 cm3 (1 to 30)). Infection recurrence was higher in Group OT (20/179 (11.2%) vs 8/180 (4.4%), p = 0.019) than Group CG, as was early wound leakage (33/179 (18.4%) vs 18/180 (10.0%), p = 0.024) and subsequent fracture (11/179 (6.1%) vs 1.7% (3/180), p = 0.032). Group OT cases had an odds ratio 2.9-times higher of developing any one of these complications, compared to Group CG (95% confidence interval 1.74 to 4.81, p < 0.001). The mean bone-void healing in Group CG was better than in Group OT, in those with ≥ six-month radiological follow-up (73.9% vs 40.0%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Local antibiotic carrier choice affects outcome in chronic osteomyelitis surgery. A biphasic injectable carrier with a slower dissolution time was associated with better radiological and clinical outcomes compared to a preformed calcium sulphate pellet carrier.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(7):412–422.
Using LDA Topic Modeling to Understand Regrowth Factors of the Chinese Gaming Industry in the COVID-19 Era: Current Situation, Future and Predicament
Authors: Han Yi-Qian , Jeong Won-Jun , Oh Gi-Sung , Oh Seokhee , Whangbo Taeg-Keun
Published: July 2023

The gaming industry, which was among the industries least affected by the COVID-19 outbreak, exhibited positive growth trends during the COVID-19 period. This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on the gaming industry by analyzing news texts from 2020 to 2022 using text mining and LDA (latent Dirichlet allocation) topic classification, and visualizing charts. The study focuses on three themes, namely the current situation, the future, and possible problems of China’s game industry in the post-epidemic era.
The findings of this study suggest that the development of the game industry during the COVID-19 outbreak prompted the government to regulate policies and promote the transformation of game companies, which had a positive impact on the development of China’s game industry. However, this study also found that due to the effects of COVID-19, society and the government have increased their focus on the time management of underage game users, which poses a significant challenge to the games industry.
This paper recommends improvements from three perspectives, namely society, policy, and enterprise, with the aim of contributing to the long-term development of China’s game industry.
Development and validation of cfd model for compost barn with artificial ventilation
Authors: Zanetoni Hiago Henrique Rocha , Vilela Monique de Oliveira , Carlo Joyce Correna , Souza Maria Angela de , Paranhos Charles de Oliveira , Martins Márcio Arêdes
Published: July 2023

Computer simulation can provide reliable information about fluid flow behavior, including ventilation, in animal production systems. The ventilation system is essential for thermal conditioning, as it favors animal comfort and enhance productivity. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model to analyze the ventilation system in a compost barn. A mesh with greater refinement was used near the air inlet and outlet and the floor, that is, in these regions the mesh number of cells was larger, which makes a denser mesh. For the validation, data on air velocity were collected in the barn to compare with the results of the simulation. Dead zones of ventilation were identified in the barn, there was an increase in the average air velocity at the air outlet, and temperatures and air velocity were found below the optimal recommended by the literature. However, the adjusted model showed good fit with the values measured, indicating that is a good tool to predict the behavior of air velocity. In addition, the detection of ventilation dead zones inside the barn demonstrates the need for a supplementary ventilation system.
Fire Ant- Hemipteran Mutualisms: Comparison of Ant Preference for Honeydew Excreted by an Invasive Mealybug and a Native Aphid
Authors: Zhou Aiming
Published: July 2023

Interaction between ants and honeydew-producing hemipterans is defined as mutualism which is beneficial for both species. Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, who tend the honeydew-producing hemipteran insects, can help reduce their predators and parasites. In return, ants receive honeydew as an important food resource. In this study, we tested the foraging intensity (FI), weight change and honeydew consumption (HC) of S. invicta on Phenacoccus solenopsis, Myzus persicae and infested plants by mixed-colony (both P. solenopsis and M. persicae) . Our results showed that FI of S. invicta was gradually increasing with time on the plants infested by aphids and the mixed-colony, while inverse situation was found on mealybug- infested plants. Within 10 and 15 days, FI on aphid and the mixed-species infested plant was significantly more than that on the mealybug infested plant. We compared the ant weight between the two moving directions, and the result showed that the weight of downward ants was significantly heavier than upward ants except that on the mealybug infested plant after 15 days. The study also indicated that there was no observable difference of HC among the three kinds of honeydew resource in one day and five days, while HC on aphid and the mixed colony infested plant in 10 and 15 days was significantly more than that on mealybug-infested plants.
Refinement of Methods for Sexing Instars and Caste Members in Neotermes koshunensis (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Miyaguni Yasushi
Published: July 2023

Exact sexing of individuals is important to an understanding of termite societies. We found that the female-specific sexual character of the elongated seventh sternite, known in other termites, is useful for distinguishing the sex of individuals of the dry-wood termite Neotermes koshunensis (Shiraki) from the fifth instar onward. The method described is highly efficient at sexing instars, nymphs, soldiers and alates.
Nestmate Recognition and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of Two Sympatric Species of Reticulitermes in Japan (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Takematsu Yoko
Published: July 2023

The nestmate recognition of two sympatric species, R. kanmonensis and R. speratus, was investigated in terms of agonistic behavior and trophallactic behavior. R. speratus showed strong agonistic behavior against different species, but no trophallactic contact with them. However, agonistic behavior against different colonies of the same species was weak, and trophallactic exchange of food was observed. On the other hand, R. kanmonensis showed strong agonistic behavior not only against different species but also against different colonies of the same species, and trophallactic contact was absent. These results indicate that R. kanmonensis does not exhibit colony fusion, unlike R. speratus, which is known to exhibit colony fusion. This marked difference in the occurrence of colony fusion can be related to the difference in the distribution pattern of the two species. Cuticular hydrocarbons of both species were also analyzed. Relatively high hydrocarbon homogeneity was observed among colonies in R. kanmonensis compared to R. speratus.
Nest Architecture, Colony Composition and Feeding Substrates of Nasutitermes coxipoensis (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) in Subtropical Biomes of Northeastern Argentina
Authors: Laffont Enrique R
Published: July 2023

The mound- building termite Nasutitermes coxipoensis is commonly found at subtropical environments of northeast Argentina. This study gives new data about its nest architecture, biology and nutritional habits, comparing these results with other populations of the species. The volume of the analyzed nests varied between 0.91 dm3 y 207.33 dm3, a wider range than previously reported for N. coxipoensis. The external and internal characteristics of the nests were similar to descriptions from other sites although it was not possible to differentiate the royal cell. The societies were monogynic and the queens laid eggs throughout the year. The body length and weight of primary reproductives were reported. The presence of alates within the mounds was higher in October and November. Feeding substrates consumed by N. coxipoensis at these habitats are also reported.