bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the mRNA Expression Profile of Psoas Major and Longissimus Dorsi Muscles in Pig
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Cao Guoqing , Gao Pengfei , Jia Guifang , Yang Fei , Meng Jinzhu
Published: June 2020

To explore the differentially expressed mRNAs between oxidative and glycolytic muscles, Qianbei black pigs were slaughtered and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and psoas major muscle (PMM) were selected and sequenced using Illumina Hiseq TM 4000. Bioinformatics analysis and differentially expressed genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG. qRT-PCR was used to validate the RNA-seq result. As a result, 69 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 46 down regulated genes and 23 up regulated genes in LDM versus PMM, which were categorized into 44 functional groups under three GO classifications. KEGG pathway analysis revealed 20 pathways were enriched. qRT-PCR shows the expression trends of ND6, MYH7, TBX1, FOS and SLC7A5 are consist with the RNA-seq result. We speculated these five genes may involve in differentiation of muscle cells, metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid, deposits of intramuscular fat and transformation of different types of muscle fibers.
Determination of Contagious Agalactia in Sheep and Goats and Investigation of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma spp. Positive Isolates
Authors: Birben Nurgül
Published: June 2020

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important issues encountered globally in managing infectious diseases and is a potential problem in the treatment of Mycoplasma infections. The aims of this study were to: determine carrier rates in sick and healthy herds of sheep and goats; determine the presence in herds of carrier animals that were clinically asymptomatic for contagious agalactia and use antibiogram tests to investigate the susceptibility to antibiotics of Mycoplasma spp. positive isolates derived from sheep and goat ear swabs. The presence of contagious agalactia was diagnosed by analyzing ear swabs (n = 300, bacterial method, Mycoplasma spp.) and blood serum samples (n = 300, serological method [ELISA], Mycoplasma agalactiae) taken from sheep and goat herds located in Elazýð and Malatya provinces in eastern Turkey. The ELISA tests revealed seropositivity in 10 (3.33%) of 300 samples. In order to determine the most effective antibiotic for disease treatment, antibiogram testing was performed on 87 (29%) positive isolates that had been isolated from swab cultures. We determined tulathromycin (MIC 16 µg/mL) and tiamulin (MIC 16 µg/mL) to be the most effective antibiotics, whereas disease agents were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and neomycin.
Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile in Different Tissues of Wild Adult Female Coilia mystus in Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Song C. , Zhao F. , Zhang T. , Zhang T. T. , Huang X. R. , Yang G. , Zhuang P.
Published: June 2020

The proximate composition and fatty acid profile in 3 tissues (muscle, liver and ovary) of wild female Coilia mystus in breeding stage were analyzed using the national standard method. The results indicated that: (1) The total fat contents in muscle, liver and ovary were 2.04% ± 0.22%, 11.96% ± 0.77% and 28.46% ± 0.63%, respectively. (2) The muscle contained the most content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the least content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p less than 0.05). The content of SFA and MUFA between liver and ovary showed no significant differences (p>0.05). The content of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly different among these 3 tissues (p less than 0.05): highest in the ovary and the lowest in the muscle. Within PUFAs, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was highest, reaching 8.41% ± 1.18%, 7.64% ± 0.12% and 10.46 % ± 0.45% in muscle, liver and ovary, respectively. PUFA, n-3PUFA, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were all highest in the ovary.
Hormonal and Histopathological Fertility Assessments of Male Dogs in Kosovo
Authors: Latifi Fatgzim , Baruti-Gafurri Zana , Haziri Imer , Manxhuka-Kërliu Suzana , Shahini Labinot , Podrimaj-Bytyqi Arjeta , Sinani Arben , Abdelgayed Sherein S.
Published: June 2020

This study is aimed to evaluate the concentration of certain hormones (testosterone, LH and FSH), in male dogs from different regions of Kosovo and to histopathologically evaluate testicular tissue from these examined dogs. Testosterone, LH and FSH concentrations were determined by ELISA and testicular tissue samples were processed and subsequently stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination with light microscopy. For mixed-breed dogs, higher testosterone levels were found in the Malisheva, while lower testosterone levels were recorded in the Vushtrria. LH levels in mixed-breed dogs were higher in the Malisheva and lower in the Kamenica. Furthermore, FSH levels in mixed-breed dogs were higher in the Malisheva and lower in the Kamenica. Histopathology revealed different histological changes in testicular tissues, ranging from normal tissue structure to mild, moderate and severe structural alterations. It can be concluded that hormone analyses and histopathological examinations could be considered for fertility assessments.
Diagnostic Approaches to Tendon, Ligament and Joint Affections in Equine with Special Reference to Tendon Elastography
Authors: Jani Sheikh Mohd Yaseen , Mahajan S. K. , Mohindroo J.
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted in 20 clinical cases of equines with musculoskeletal disorders. The fore and hind limbs were collected from the cadavers euthanized for causes unrelated to lameness and anatomical dissection of these limbs was done to ascertain the location of various tendons. Detailed signalment, history, gait abnormalities, physical examination, flexion test and hematobiochemical parameters were recorded for each animal. A 7-12 MHz transducer was used for evaluation of the tendons, ligaments and joints in equine. Ultrasonography, elastography and radiography (if required) were conducted on all the animals. It was concluded that ultrasonography is important for the diagnosis of tendon and tendon sheath affection, hematoma, abscess and joint affections in equine. Elastography was used to assess the mechanical properties of tendons qualitatively and quantitatively. It allowed the detection of tissue strain and provided valuable mechanical information about equine tendon injuries.
Production Performance, Hematology and Serum Biochemistry of Commercial Broilers Supplemented with Nano Selenium and other Anti-Stressors during Summer
Authors: Jamima J. , Veeramani P. , Kumanan K. , Kanagaraju P.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of nano selenium on production performance in commercial broilers during summer stress. Dietary nano selenium was compared with other anti-stressors such as inorganic selenium, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Betaine and 1% Glutamine. A total of 420 commercial broilers were divided into seven treatments with three replicates of 20 birds each and were supplemented with basal diet (control), inorganic Se (0.30 mg/kg), nano Se (0.15 mg/kg), Vit E (250 mg/kg), Betaine (2g/kg), Glutamine (1%) and Vit C (250 mg/kg). The highest body weight (1945.17 ± 25.28) and the lowest feed consumption (2973.16 ± 41.25) with better FCR (1.56 ± 0.02) was observed in birds supplemented with nano Se than other anti-stressors and control group. It was concluded that supplementation of nano Se in broiler diet improved the productivity of commercial broilers during summer stress.
Effect of Restricted Suckling on Growth Performance and Behaviour of Crossbred Piglets
Authors: Devi Laishram Sunitibala , . Chandrahas , Sahoo Sarada Prasanna , Godara Asu Singh , Kumar Narender , Gaur G. K. , Singh Mukesh
Published: June 2020

Present study was planned to acclimatize the pre-weaned piglet for stress tolerance through restricted suckling with or without mother’s visibility for improved piglet and through stress tolerance. For this, 244 piglets from 36 pregnant crossbred sows (Landrace × Desi), with 18 sows each, during summer season having 147 piglets and during winter season having 97 piglets were used. Eighteen sows along with their piglets were randomly distributed in 3 treatment groups viz. T0 (No restriction), T1 (restricted suckling with mother’s visibility) and T2 (restricted suckling without mother’s visibility) for the above said study for 3 months. A total of 15 minutes time was allotted for suckling of piglets in T1 and T2 group. Different records pertaining to body weight, feed intake, behaviour and growth parameter of piglets were recorded up to 3 months of age. At the end of the study period, body weight of piglets showed non-significant difference between the treatment groups. Grower feed intake during post-weaning (after 42 days) period showed significant difference (P less than 0.01) during winter season with highest value observed in T2 group. In rest of the period, non-significant difference was observed for all the treatment groups both during summer and winter season. Higher values for suckling behaviour was recorded for T1 and T2 groups than T0. From the present study, restricted suckling without mother’s visibility may be recommended at farm level for quick adaptation of piglets after weaning.
Mitochondrial D-loop Genetic Diversity Studies of Rhinoceros unicornis in Assam, India
Authors: Das Puranjit , Choudhury Rita
Published: June 2020

In Assam wild populations of great Indian rhinoceros are found in three protected areas namely Kaziranga National Park, Orange National Park and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary. But it remains an area of investigation whether these three populations are homogeneous or not. To resolve this matter present genetic study was performed on mitochondrial DNA control region by using non invasive dung samples collected from the three natural habitats. The study showed a high level of genetic diversity of rhinoceros population in three habitats of Assam with 24 haplotypes from 196 samples and 21 variable sites in 413bp long nucleotide sequences was recorded. The Fst value also showed differences between the groups; and significant values obtained between Kaziranga and Pobitora with Orang groups. AMOVA analyses revealed the total genetic diversity is 91.62% and diversity between populations is only 8.38%. Thus the higher genetic variability found in Indian rhinoceros populations is important for future survivability, management and translocation to new habitat.
Influence of Dietary Multiple Phase Feeding on Growth Performance of Commercial Broiler Chicken
Authors: Tikate Karan , Wade M. , Ranade A. S. , Patodkar V. R. , Dhaygude V. S. , Bhalerao S. M.
Published: June 2020

The experimental trial was carried out to study the effect of multiple phase feeding on the growth performances and the economics of broiler production for a period of six weeks. Day-old chicks (n=160) were divided into two treatment groups, each containing 80 chicks with four replicates in each treatment. The birds of the control group (A) were fed prestarter, starter and finisher diets as per nutrient requirement of commercial broiler strain used in the experiment and the multiple phase feeding was followed in group-B by changing the nutrient densities (Energy, Crude protein, lysine and methionine) of diet per week. The different performance parameters were studied such as live body weight, gain in live body weight, feed conversion ratio and feed consumption at weekly interval. Mortality was recorded daily and the economics was calculated at the end of experiment. The results of experiment showed that the body weight and weight gain of broilers of group-B was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of broilers of group-A during first, second, fifth and sixth week of age and also during overall duration of the experiment. Further, the feed intake of broilers of group-B was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of group-A during second, fifth and sixth weeks of age and also during the overall feed intake of broilers. The Feed Conversion Ratio of broilers of group-B was significantly better (p less than 0.05) than that of group-A during fifth week and also during the overall performance. The multiple phase feeding has not put any adverse effect on percentage mortality of broilers. However, broilers fed with the multiple phase feeding showed higher net profit per bird and also per kg of body weight as compared to the broilers of control group (A).
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) in Canine Otitis Externa
Authors: Karnad V. V. , Jeyaraja K. , Jayathangaraj M. G. , Jayanthy C. , Bhave K. , Vijayarani K.
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to assess the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) wave pattern in normal dogs as well as those with otitis externa (OE). The BAER test was performed on twenty five dogs with varying degrees of OE. Our study found that BAER of ears with severe OE had prolonged latencies of all waves and lower wave I to wave V amplitude ratio compared to the mildly affected or normal ears. However the inter – peak latencies were unaffected. Thus BAER can be a useful diagnostic tool to assess the hearing impairment due to conductive deafness in OE.
Effect of Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed Extract on the Physico-Chemical, Microbial and Sensory Characteristics of Chevon Nuggets
Authors: Meena Priyanka , Pandey Anurag , Saini Ashish , Gurjar Asman Singh , Raman Ravi , Meel Shrawan Kumar , Chauhan Vilshan Kumar
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of grape seed extract (GSE) and its effect on the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of chevon nuggets during frozen storage. Antioxidant potential by various biochemical tests (Antioxidant ability assays, total phenol content, total flavonoid content) were evaluated. The result showed that GSE exhibit high antioxidant ability assays (312.06±1.69 ìg ascorbic acid), total phenol content (190.34±2.26 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (83.43±2.36 mg rutin/g). The chevon nugget treated with GSE had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and free fatty acid % (FFA) compared to control during frozen storage. Addition of GSE significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the total plate, total psychrophilic and yeast and mold count in chevon nuggets during storage at -18±2oC. The GSE treated chevon nuggets recorded significantly (P less than 0.05) superior score of flavor, juiciness and overall acceptability than control. It can be concluded that GSE has excellent antioxidant properties, could be used as an antioxidant to meat products without affecting its quality and acceptability.
Prediction of First Lactation 305-day Milk Yield Based on Bimonthly Test Day Milk Yield Records in Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: Rana Ekta , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Singh Avtar , Ruhil Anand Prakash , Malhotra Ravinder , Yousuf Saleem , Ete Gedam
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted on 2100 first lactation bimonthly test day milk yield (BTDY) records of 350 Murrah buffaloes calved in between 1993 and 2017 at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. A total of 6 BTDY records were taken from each animal at an interval of 60 days, from 6th day to 305th day of lactation. The prediction of First Lactation 305-Day Milk Yield (FL305DMY) was done by utilizing five conventional and machine learning methods viz., Centering Date Method (CDM), Test Interval Method (TIM), Ratio Method (RM), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Error in prediction was estimated by absolute error, percentage absolute error, average error, percentage average error, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and percentage RMSE. MLR was found to be the best method with the least error in prediction (5.71% RMSE), followed by ANN (5.77% RMSE). The accuracy (R2) of MLR equation including all 6 BTDY records was 91.86%. The best MLR equation for an early prediction of FL305DMY included 3 BTDY records viz., BTDY-2 (65th day), BTDY-3 (125th day) and BTDY-4 (185th day) with 85.29% R2. The study compared the conventional and computational methods for prediction of first lactation milk yield which could be used for early selection of the animals.
Effect of Season, Parity and Stage of Lactation on Productive Performance of Sahiwal Cattle
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Gupta I. D. , Sharma Nisha , Deginal Revanasiddu , Kumar Anshuman , Chauhan Anuj , . Oshin , Baba Naseer Ahmad , Yousuf Saleem , Verma Archana
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted to understand the effect of season, parity and stage of lactation on productive performance of Sahiwal cattle. The data of productive traits of 133 Sahiwal cattle from 2016 to 2018 maintained at the Livestock Research Center, Karnal, Haryana, were used for this study. The production data were analyzed using least-square procedures based on season, parity and stage of lactation. Results indicated that the parity had significant (p less than 0.05) influence on monthly milk yield (MMY) whereas, the stage of lactation had highly significant (P less than 0.01) influence on monthly milk yield (MMY) and test day milk yield (TDMY). However, there was no significant effect of season on different productive performance traits in Sahiwal cattle. The phenotypic parameter estimates indicated that the parity and stage of lactation of cattle can be used as a selection tool for improvement of productive traits considering its high positive phenotypic correlations with succeeding productive traits in Sahiwal cows.
Genetic Diversity in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm to Establish a Breeding Program in the Mountainous Region of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Khaliq Ishtiaq , Shah Asad Hussain , Bashir Ghosia , Jannat Sammya
Published: June 2020

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is native to Middle America and Andean mountains of South America. Due to its nutritious value, it is one of the most important legume crop of the world. Evaluation of genetic diversity of a crop is extremely important for the establishment of a breeding program and selection of varieties for cultivation. We evaluated the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 40 P. vulgaris ecotypes from CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture) germplasm using seed protein profiles produced by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), to screen the germplasm to be used in a breeding program. A total of 21 bands scored 14 were found polymorphic. A distance matrix was generated from the similarity matrix based on polymorphic bands. The UPGMA tree was established through cluster analysis performed on the distance matrix. Six major clusters were formed on the basis of SDS_PAGE analysis with one ecotype (E13-G16832) being the most diverse. This analysis provided the basis for selection of suitable ecotypes to be used in the establishment of a breeding program.ane damage the leaves helped the tolerant genotypes to sustain under salinity stress in a better way than the susceptible genotypes.
Use of Three Synthetic Fungicides to Reduce the Incidence of Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A Susceptible Cultivars Case
Authors: Benzohra Ibrahim E. , Bendahmane Boubekeur S. , Benkada M. Youcef , Mégateli Mohamed , Belaidi Hakima
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effect of three synthetic fungicide, maneb “Manebe80®” chlorothalonil “Bravo®” and azoxystrobin “Ortiva®” on the incidence of ascochyta blight (AB) of chickpea caused by Ascochyta rabiei using three chickpea germplasm (ILC482, ILC484 and Flip 1025). The results, statisticaly reliable (C.V. less than 20%), indicated the in vitro test of chemical control has significant effect at P0.01, on the mycelial growth of pathogen. All three fungicides caused important MGI% (Mycelial growth inhibition rate), which varied between 30 and 66%. There was a significant action induced by chlorothalonil fungicide (54 – 65%), followed closely by azoxystrobin (46 – 63%) and maneb (30 – 65%). In the in vivo test of chemical control for AB incidence by detached leaves showed a remarkable percentage of reduction in the severity of ascochyta blight varied between 20 and 80%. We noticed that the systemic fungicide like azoxystrobin can reduce the ascochyta blight severity (RDS%), with ranging between 71 and 80%, for other two contact fungicides (chlorothalonil and maneb), the mycelia growth inhibition rate was close to 50% (from 20 to 47%). These results indicated that the systemic fungicides, like azoxystrobin, have a significantly reduced the incidence and development of ascochyta blight disease in the susceptible cultivars (ILC1929, ILC263 and ILC484).
Morphological and SSR Marker Based Diversity Analysis of Lentil (Lens esculenta) Genotypes using Yield and Yield Contributing Characters
Authors: Malek M. A. , Chowdhury M. M. , Haque M. A. , Rasel M. , Molla M. R. , Ahamed K. U.
Published: June 2020

Lentil is an important pulse crop with high nutritional value and high market price worldwide. Molecular markers have emerged as useful tools to assess the genetic diversity across crops. The study was conducted to explore genetic diversity of twenty lentil genotypes considering yield and yield attributing traits. Among all genotypes, BARI Masur-6, BARI Masur-7 followed by genotypes BD-3806 and BD-4090 showed the highest value of yield attributing traits therefore, these genotypes are considered as best performer. The results of cluster analysis based on the Ward’s method grouped the genotypes into three clusters and the genotypes of cluster III revealed the maximum value for yield per plants which indicated their importance in the selection for yield improvement program of lentil. Afterwards, 20 genotypes were evaluated through 7 sets of SSR primers to assess genetic diversity among the genotypes. Among them, four sets of primers viz., SSR 19, SSR 33, SSR 90 and SSR 213 showed high polymorphism which suggesting the greater genetic diversity in the genotypes. The unweighted pair group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei’s (1973) genetic distance led the genotypes into four major clusters which showed a bit deviation with the morphological cluster. The findings of this study will be very useful for selection of appropriate parents and the genetic understanding for the set up for future systematic lentil breeding programs.
Comparative Assessment of Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Authors: Sonklien C. , Intanon P. , Terapongtanakorn S. , Intanon R.
Published: June 2020

Different types of fertilization strategies were investigated on marigold (Golden King F1) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at Thailand. The treatments were composed of chemical and granular organic fertilizer with hormone mixed formula (HO) and two NPK fertilizers. From the results, flower size (6.22 cm), flower yield/plot (16.05 kg) and flower yield/ha (16053.19 kg) were highest in the chemical and granular organic fertilizer with hormone mixed formula C (T15). Flower shelf-life was more prolonged in T15 (8.58 g) after 72 hr of harvest. Carotenoid content, hue angle and B value were also highest in T15 (114.32 mg/100g fresh weight, 86.80o and 121.44), respectively. Also, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the plants were maximum in T15 (0.15%, 0.48% and 2.38%), respectively. The treatment T15 produced the greatest yield due to its high balance nutrients and is recommended for commercial marigold production.
Light Intensity and Biofertilizers Effect on Natural Indigo Production and Nutrient Uptake of Indigofera tinctoria L.
Authors: Setyaningrum D. , Budiastuti M.T.S , Pujiasmanto B. , Purnomo D. , Supriyono Supriyono
Published: June 2020

This research investigated the effect of light intensity and biofertilizer on the yield, which includes the production of indigo compounds and plant nutrient uptake. The study used a randomized complete block design with a split plot design with 4 levels of light intensity as the main plots and 4 levels of biofertilizer as a sub plots with 3 replications. The combination of light intensity and biofertilizer affects fresh weight, biomass and tissue nitrogen. The highest fresh weight and biomass was found at 100% light intensity with double inoculation of mycorrhizae and rhizobium. Whereas the highest tissue nitrogen was at 10% light intensity with double inoculation of mycorrhizae and rhizobium. The production of indigo affected by light intensity, ie at 10% light intensity indicates the highest indigo. Mycorrhizae and rhizobium have a synergistic relationship as biofertilizer in increasing plant yields and nutrient uptakes in 100% light intensity.
Impact of Seed Treatments Pre-sowing and Organo-mineral Fertilizer on Spring Barley Production
Authors: Abd El Hamid S.E.A. , Bugaev P.D.
Published: June 2020

The results of this experiment showed the effect of barley seeds pre-treatments and organo-mineral fertilizer on the morpho-physiological evaluation of seedlings, seed quality and productivity of spring barley (Mikhailovsky). Variance analysis results (ANOVA) showed extremely significant (p less than 0.05) variations between different treatments in all traits, where the treatments led to increasing the germination energy, laboratory germination, growth force and weight of 100 sprouts compared with control. There was a positive effect on the development of the barley root system. Pre-treatment of seeds in wet years have been proven to be the most effective, while the efficiency of seed treatment pre-sowing decreased when soil moisture was low. Therefore, in 2017 barley productivity increased when the seeds were treated with a mixture of Polaris with Siliplant by 25% compared to control, while in 2018 the yield increased (7.1%) when mixture of Siliplant with Polaris was applied compared to control.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Gamma Rays and Electron Beam in M2 Generation of Anna (R) 4 Rice Mutants
Authors: P. Arunachalam , R. Lalitha , A. Mothilal , C. Vanniarajan , N. Senthil , J. Souframanien , G. Hemalatha
Published: June 2020

A study was conducted to assess the chlorophyll and viable mutation frequency in M2 generation of Anna(R) 4 rice variety induced through gamma rays and electron beam radiations with different dosages viz., 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. The results showed that chlorophyll and viable mutation frequency was higher in electron beam (8.62 and 22.30) compared to gamma rays (8.11 and 13.40). The electron beam was found to have higher mean effectiveness (0.059) compared to gamma rays (0.04), while higher efficiency (0.723) was observed in gamma rays and fairly less efficiency was reported in electron beam (0.540). However, higher frequencies of viable and useful mutants were obtained in electron beam. Therefore the electron beam can be used as an alternate source for physical mutagen to produce useful mutants in rice improvement.
Potentiality of Novel Strain of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium anisopliae Strain DULS TTRA) against Odontotermes obesus, A Pest of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
Authors: Hazarika Sangeeta , Bora Dipsikha , Barthakur Bichitra Kumar
Published: June 2020

Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) is an important termite pest of tea of North East India. The current study shows that a novel strain of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium anisopliae strain DULS TTRA, Accession no. KT 119358) a tea soil fungus is highly pathogenic to both worker and soldier caste of Odontotermes obesus in in-vitro condition. Efficacy of the experimental fungi further assessed by comparing with commercial formulation showed to have less LT50 and LC50 than the established virulent strain. We recommend the strain as a potential bio-control candidate against Odontotermes obesus.
Assessment of ISSR Markers for Tagging Genetic Variability for Yield Components in Small Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
Authors: Jose Sherin , Prasannan Anusha
Published: June 2020

Genetic diversity among ten small cardamom accessions having variability in yield traits was investigated using inter simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). A better understanding of the variability in yield is essential for the proper utilization of genotypes in breeding programmes. Of the 10 primers analysed, 5 reported polymorphisms and generated a total of 47 scorable loci, of which 32 were polymorphic revealing 68% polymorphism. The molecular weight of the fragments ranged from 200-1100 bp. Specific banding pattern was observed in high yielding group using ISSR7 (800bp) and with ISSR 3 (800bp) for low yielding group. Genetic diversity analysis within and among the two groups showed maximum diversity in high yielding varieties based on the values of Nei’ s genetic diversity (h) and Shannon’s informative index (I). Dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficients were generated based on an average linkage algorithm (UPGMA) using marker data. Clear grouping of the ten accessions of small cardamom into two clusters was observed. These results suggested that ISSR markers could efficiently differentiate the small cardamom genotypes based on yield and can be useful for future cardamom improvement programmes.
Assessment of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Based Cropping Systems in Mid-Hill Regions of Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Suneeta , Saxena Anil Kumar
Published: June 2020

The research on productivity, energy-use efficiency and economics of pigeonpea based cropping system, viz., pigeonpea–wheat, pigeonpea – barley, pigeonpea – lentil, pigeonpea – field pea and pigeonpea – toria compared with rice–wheat cropping system was carried out at the Experimental Research Block of School of Agricultural Sciences, SGRRU, Uttarakhand. These cropping systems were evaluated under rainfed conditions. Results showed that all the pigeonpea – based cropping system were significantly superior to traditional rice – wheat cropping system in terms of productivity, net returns, benefit:cost ratio and net energy returns. Pigeonpea – lentil cropping system proved superior in terms of system net returns (Rs 63,616/ha), benefit:cost ratio (1.64) and energy ratio (1.94) to pigeonpea - wheat, pigeonpea – barley, pigeonpea - field pea and pigeonpea - toria cropping system. The plots under rice - wheat cropping system recorded the lowest pigeonpea-equivalent yield (1.32 t/ha), net returns (Rs 2,750/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (0.06). The nutrient status of the soil improved significantly due to pigeonpea – lentil cropping system over other cropping systems. Pigeonpea – lentil cropping system proved to be the best in terms of monetary returns, net energy return and soil productivity and hence, could be adopted in the mid-hill regions under rainfed conditions.
Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Genotypes under Salinity Stress
Authors: Singh N. P. , Yadav Renu , Santal Anita Rani
Published: June 2020

Physiological and biochemical parameters of plants among five wheat genotypes: KH-65, KRL-210, KRL-99, PBW-343 and PBW-373 were studied. Wheat plantlets, at three-leaf stage, were supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM of NaCl for 48 hours. Principal component analysis revealed chlorophyll and carotenoid degradation as best salinity indicator for studied wheat genotypes. Salt tolerance levels of studied wheat genotypes were in the order: KH-65 greater than KRL-210 greater than KRL-99 greater than PBW-343 greater than PBW-373. The study has revealed that observed physiological and biochemical data may provide an insight into the existence of internal mechanism in salt tolerant genotypes to cope up with salinity stress.
Effect of Cropping and Management Techniques on Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Production under Rain-Fed Farming
Authors: Zangmo Zangmo , Det Wattanachaiyingcharoen , Wanwisa Pansak , Tulsi Gurung
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate cropping and management techniques for chilli plants under rain-fed conditions. Cropping included a standard farmers style bed (designated as CL1.1), a specially modified bed (CL1.2) and a standard farmers bed (no flower removal) as the control (CL1.3). Management included 1st bottom three flower removal in CL1.1 (designated as ML1.1) and CL1.2 (ML1.2). The result showed that chilli cultivated in CL1.2 outperformed both CL1.1 and CL1.3 in all tested aspects including growth, yield, soil moisture content and soil properties. CL2.3 performed the lowest in all parameters. ML2.2 exhibited ML1.1 in plant-height, leaf-length, leaf-breadth, fruit-girth, fruit number per plant, OC%, pH and NPK. ML2.1 performed the maximum in stem diameter, leaf number, fruit weight, girth-apex, fruit-length with pedicel and fruit-length. Considering the combination effect of cropping and management levels, CL1.2*ML2.2 outperformed CL1.3*ML0 in all traits. These results indicated the characteristics of the specially modified plot and 1st bottom three flower removal in a modified plot was the recommended combination under rain fed farming.
Studies on Combining Ability for Seed Yield and Its Related Traits in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Patial Ranjana , Mittal R. K. , Sood V. K. , Ahmed Shahnawaz
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out in blackgram using line x tester mating design to estimate the GCA effect of parents and SCA effect of 54 hybrids for yield and its traits using 27 lines and two testers. The relative estimates of variance due to specific combining ability (SCA) were higher than general combining ability (GCA) variances for all twelve traits, indicating predominance of non-additive gene action. Combining ability estimates showed significant genetic variance in lines for all traits whereas testers had significant genetic variance for nine traits. On the basis of GCA effects, among the lines and testers IC-436910, IC-413306, IC-398973, IC-343885 and HPBU-111 respectively, were good combiners for most of the traits and can be used in future breeding programme. Specific combining ability studies indicated cross IC-436910 x HPBU-111 as best specific combiner for the economically important traits viz., plant height, branches per plant, seed yield per plant and days to 75% maturity. Such crosses could be further exploited to obtain transgressive segregants in future breeding programme.
Bruchid Resistant Studies using Stabilized Derivatives (F7 Families) of Interspecific Cross Cowpea × Rice Bean
Authors: Deshpande Sanjeev K. , Bondade Venkatesh
Published: June 2020

Bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) is the main constraint in cowpea production. It can be controlled by chemical application but it is hazardous and not eco-friendly, hence attempt has been made to derive bruchid resistant lines by screening 100 stabilized lines from interspecific cross between cowpea and rice bean. In this experiment, screening of 100 F7 segregants of cross DC615 (susceptible) × Dharwad local (resistant) along with checks (DC15, DCS47-1, RBHP-38 and IC18563) was carried out against bruchid through artificial infestation at the Department of Genetics and plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Out of 100 segregants screened, 7 were highly resistant, 52 were moderately resistant, 21 were least susceptible, 12 were moderately susceptible and 8 were highly susceptible. The segregant F7:78-1-1 registered least values for bruchid infestation, seed damage at 30, 45 and 75 days, loss of vigour and seed viability loss.
Influence of Crop Establishment Practices and Microbial Inoculants on Nodulation of Summer Green Gram (Vigna radiata) and Soil Quality Parameters
Authors: Singh Y. V. , Naragund Ruxanabi , Jaiswal Pranita , Bana R. S. , Choudhary A. K.
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was carried out during summer season in 2018 at New Delhi to study the effect of crop establishment practices and microbial inoculation on nodulation of summer green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] and soil quality parameters. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment included nine treatment combinations including three crop establishment practices viz., conventional tillage, zero tillage and zero tillage with chick pea residue @ 2.5 t/ha in main plots and three microbial inoculation treatment viz., control (no inoculation), dual inoculation of Rhizobium + PSB and combined inoculation of Rhizobium+ Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) + Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi in sub-plots. Results showed that zero tillage with residue produced significantly higher no. of root nodules/plant and root nodule weight/ plant at 25, 35 and 45 DAS. The same treatment showed significantly superior soil chemical parameters viz., available N, P and K and soil microbial parameters like dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) over other two treatments. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium+ PSB + AM Fungi was significantly superior to other two treatments with regard to no. of root nodules/ plant and root nodule weight/ plant at 25, 35 and 45 DAS, soil chemical and microbial parameters.
Selection of Suitable Genotypes of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) for Targeted Environments of Hilly Terrains of India using GGE Biplot and AMMI Analysis
Authors: Parihar A. K. , Jeberson M. S. , Shashidhar K. S. , Dev Jai , Dar S. A. , Gupta Sanjeev
Published: June 2020

Understanding of genotypic interactions is highly instrumental in urdbean towards identification of suitable genotypes with wider adaptability. Therefore, present experiment with 20 diverse urdbean genotypes was executed over three environments in northern hilly terrain under rainfed conditions. AMMI analysis revealed that environments (E), genotypes (G) and G x E interaction effects were found significant for grain yield (GY). The environment, genotypes and their interactions accounted 46.29%, 25.9% and 22.23% of the total variation. The interaction principal components Axis 1(IPCA 1) and IPCA 2 of AMMI were founds significant (P less than 0.01) for GY based on Gallob’s test. The IPCA1 accounted more than 89% of the G x E interactions effects for the GY. In GGE biplot PC1 and PC2 captured 99.3% of the total variations. Based on GGE and AMMI biplots the genotypes with wider adaptability were VBG 12-034(G7), IPU 13-3(G16) and COBG 13-04(G13). These genotypes are suitable for hilly terrains of northern India and can be further utilized as donor in future urdbean improvement programme.
Studies on Determination of Critical Growing Degree Days, Base Temperature (Tb) and Response of Temperature Variations on Flowering and Yield per se in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
Authors: Bondade Venkatesh , Deshpande Sanjeev K
Published: June 2020

Growing degree days (GDD) or heat units accumulation is the major factor that affects the dry matter production in the plants. In the present investigation eleven genotypes were used to screen for temperature insensitivity through staggered plantings across the seasons in a year. Days to flowering initiation was recorded and base temperature (Tb) was determined using mean daily air temperature (MAT). GDD of individual genotypes was estimated using base temperatures of particular genotypes. It was observed that the GDD, days to flowering initiation and yield were exhibited high variation across the seasons, the flowering time from days to planting (FTDAP) registered significant negative correlation with GDD and MAT and positively correlated with yield. Whereas GDD is positively correlated with MAT and negatively correlated with yield. Here three genotypes namely, IC202926, IC198326 and IC257428 were identified as temperature insensitive genotypes as their performances were comparable across the seasons without much fluctuations.
Screening for Phosphorus (P) Acquisition Efficient Genotypes and Identification of Sequence Variations among P-Efficient and Inefficient Genotypes in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Das Arpita , Ramchander Loyavar , Sadhukhan Raghunath , Banerjee Joydeep , Pramanik Krishnendu
Published: June 2020

Low phosphorus (P) availability is the major abiotic constraint in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivation across the globe as well as in India. Present study contemplated to identify high P-acquisition efficient chickpea genotypes suitable for P-deficient regions and sequence variation was detected among the tested P-acquisition efficient and inefficient genotypes. Initial screening was conducted with 104 diverse chickpea genotypes at two locations characterized by P-sufficient and deficient conditions. A panel of 14 chickpea genotypes having contrasting P-acquisition efficiency was extracted for further assessment under P-sufficient and deficient conditions. Along with the significant genetic variations, the P-efficient chickpea genotypes had high P-acquisition efficiency than P-inefficient genotypes in both the conditions. P-acquisition efficient genotypes recorded high biomass and good yield potential in P-deficient condition in comparison to P-inefficient genotypes. Sequence analysis of the CaSPX3 domain containing protein gene from P-acquisition efficient and inefficient genotypes identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 5¢ - untranslated region. Present findings might be of great importance in future marker-assisted breeding in chickpea especially for P-deficient soil.
Stem Fly Resistance Sources in Soybean under Field Condition
Authors: Kambrekar D. N. , Mallapur C. P. , Jahagirdar Shamarao
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was initiated to know the resistant sources for management of soybean stem fly Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnter) at Research and Development Unit, Ugar Khurd, Belagavi (Karnataka-India) during Kharif 2017 and 2018. Twenty-two soybean genotypes obtained from All India co-ordinated Research Project on Soybean, Indore and AICRP on soybean, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad centre were evaluated in the field to find out the genotypes resistant to the stem fly. The pooled results of two year experimentation revealed that, among the genotypes evaluated, DSb 23 was found to be highly resistant against stem fly in seedling stage during both years. Irrespective of the crop stages, DSb 23, DSb 1, DSb 12, DSb 15 and DSb 24 are categorized as resistant genotypes against stem fly. Moderately resistant genotypes include, DSb 32, DSb 25, DSb 28-3, DSb 33, DSb 34 and DSb 19. Studies on morphological characters revealed a significant negative correlation between stem fly infestation and stem thickness (r=-0.89); while a significant positive correlation was observed while considering internodal length(r=0.90).
Differential Responses on Chlorophyll Content, Osmolyte Accumulation and Membrane Damage Parameters under Salinity Stress on Tolerant and Susceptible Genotypes of Groundnut
Authors: Pal Apurba , Pal Anjan Kumar
Published: June 2020

Salinity can affect different physiological activity of plant in various ways. A controlled study was conducted to screen 26 genotypes of groundnut under 200mM NaCl salinity stress. The salt tolerance index or STI of the genotypes ranged from 47.57% to 96.40%. Out of all the genotypes KDG-197 (STI= 96.40%) was found to be the most tolerant under a salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl and it was closely followed by R 2001-2 (STI=87.92%), VG 315 (STI=84.05%), TCGS 1157 (STI=77.59%) and TG 51 (STI=73.67%). While the genotypes Girnar 3 (STI= 47.57%), OG 52-1 (STI=49.09%), TVG 0856 (STI= 49.28%) and J 86 (STI= 50.66%) were the most susceptible genotypes based on their relative performance under stress in respect of total dry weight. It has been noted further that out of the nine genotypes, KDG 197 registered the minimum reduction (4.51% over control, 2.70% over control) in total chlorophyll and sugar accumulation respectively under NaCl stress whereas, Girnar 3 recorded the highest reduction in both parameters (60.00%, 70.32% over control) respectively, under saline condition. The genotype KDG 197 and R 2001-2 accounted for the highest increase in soluble protein and proline content in their leaves (144.02%, 780.16% over control) respectively than Girnar 3. KDG 197 recorded the minimum (3.39%) increase in lipid peroxidation under stress followed by R 2001-2 with an increase of 13.04% over control plants. In contrast, Girnar 3 registered the highest increase of TBARS content and electrolyte leakage (44.44%, 31.47% over control respectively) indicating maximum membrane damage but R 2001-2 recorded the minimum (3.00%) increase in electrolyte leakage percentage than Girnar 3 (31.47% over control) followed by OG 52-1 (26.14% over control) under stress. So, better osmotic adjustment through accumulation of proline, less membrane damage the leaves helped the tolerant genotypes to sustain under salinity stress in a better way than the susceptible genotypes.
Performance of Plant Aqueous Extracts for Organic Weed Management in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: D. Subramanyam , N. Sai Geethika , S. Tirumala Reddy , V. Umamahesh
Published: June 2020

Different crops were raised and harvested at physiological maturity and weeds were collected at flowering stages during Kharif 2017 for preparing plant aqueous extracts at wet land farm of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different plant aqueous extracts and paddy straw mulch for organic weed management in a randomized block design and replicated thrice during Rabi, 2017-18 and The predominant weed species observed were Cyperus rotundus L. (45%), Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (15%), Borreria hispida (L.) K. Schum. (7%). All chemical weed management practices recorded significantly lesser weed density and dry weight than organic weed management practices. Among the organic weed management practice, application of paddy straw mulch at 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly lesser density and dry weight of weeds with higher weed control efficiency, apart from enhancing the yield components and pod yield of groundnut. Among the plant aqueous extracts, sorghum plant aqueous extract spray 15 L ha-1 at 15 and 30 DAS proved to be the best in controlling weeds and increasing pod yield. The performance of parthenium and purple nutsedge aqueous extracts each applied at 15 L ha-1 at 15 and 30 DAS were very poor in controlling weeds and promoting pod yield of groundnut. The reduction in pod yield of groundnut due to unchecked weed growth was 52.53 and 37.18% compared to pendimethalin 1kg ha-1 + HW at 30 DAS and paddy straw mulch at 5 t ha-1, respectively. Paddy straw mulch at 5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher count of effective rhizobium nodules plant-1 and soil microorganisms viz., bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.
Influence of Seed Biopriming with Microbial Inoculants on Seed Quality Parameters in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril]
Authors: Sharma Pramod , Bhatt Arun , Kanwar Rajesh
Published: June 2020

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand during 2015. A laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the influence of bio-priming on seed germination and seedling vigour. Seed germination was reported maximum for Psf-173 (93.66%) while minimum was reported for control (65.66%). Seed vigour parameter viz. root length (11.01 cm), shoot length (7.96 cm), seedling length (18.98 cm), fresh weight (8.00 g) and dry weight (1.31 g), vigour index I (1666.80) and vigour index II (115.56) was found higher for PSB treatment. Shilajeet variety had recorded significant higher values for most of the germination and vigour parameters. Shilajeet bio-primed with PSB attained higher values for majority of the quality parameters. Under laboratory condition results suggested that seed germination and seed vigour were greatly affected by different bio-agents. Among all the bio-agents, PSB showed positive influence on most of the quality parameter. However, other bio-agents had also showed significant effect over control.