bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Source of Parental Reports of Child Height and Weight during Phone Interviews and Influence on Obesity Prevalence Estimates among Children Aged 3–17 Years
Authors: Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Miles Donna , Perrin Eliana M. , Coyne-Beasley Tamera , Ford Carol
Published: January 2017

Objective.

We compared parental reports of children's height and weight when the values were estimated vs parent-measured to determine how these reports influence the estimated prevalence of childhood obesity.

Methods.

In the 2007 and 2008 North Carolina Child Health Assessment and Monitoring Program surveys, parents reported height and weight for children aged 3–17 years When parents reported the values were not measured (by doctor, school, or home), they were asked to measure their child and were later called back. We categorized body mass index status using standard CDC definitions, and we used Chi-square tests and the Stuart-Maxwell test of marginal homogeneity to examine reporting differences.

Results.

About 80% ( n=509) of the 638 parents who reported an unmeasured height and/or weight participated in a callback and provided updated measures. Children originally classified as obese were subsequently classified as obese (67%), overweight (13%), and healthy weight (19%) An estimated 28% of younger children (<10 years of age) vs. 6% of older children (aged ≥10 years) were reclassified on callback. Having parents who guessed the height and weight of their children and then reported updated values did not significantly change the overall population estimates of obesity.

Conclusion.

Our findings demonstrate that using parent-reported height and weight values may be sufficient to provide reasonable estimates of obesity prevalence Systematically asking the source of height and weight information may help improve how it is applied to research of the prevalence of childhood obesity when gold-standard measurements are not available.
The influence of surface hydrophilicity on the adhesion properties of wet fabrics or films to water
Authors: Lou Lin , Qiu Yiping , Ji Feng , Zhu Xiaohang
Published: January 2017

The adherence of wet fabrics to the skin brings much discomfort. The relationship between hydrophilicity and adhesion properties of fabric materials is investigated. A theoretical expression is given to describe the relationship of adhesion force, water contact angle (WCA), and radius of fabric–liquid interface. The adhesion force grows with decreasing WCA and increasing radius of the fabric–liquid interface. With the help of atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment, the hydrophilicity of the fabric materials is improved, accompanied by reduced WCA, roughened fiber surfaces, as observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and increased Oxygen/Carbon (O/C) atomic ratio and polar bonds, analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In accordance with the theoretical conclusion, the APPJ treated fabrics have a much larger maximum adhesion force and longer adhesion duration with water, indicating more discomfort resulting from the increase of hydrophilicity when they are wet. To minimize the discomfort caused by wet adhesion, less hydrophilic fabric surfaces may be preferred.
Load–extension properties of glass plain knitted technical fabrics: Part I: some additions to the extension of the circular ring problem to make it applicable for a knitted loop head curve
Authors: Kurbak Arif
Published: January 2017

Pierce’s well-known solution to the problem of the load–extension behavior of a circular ring has been used as one of the measurement methods of bending rigidities of textile yarns. This paper provides some additions to Pierce’s solution to make it applicable for a knitted loop head curve. It is found that the load applied to a ring is equal to the bending rigidity multiplied by the difference between the squares of the major and minor curvatures of the extended ring. This equality gives way to apply the circular ring problem for obtaining the load–extension properties of a knitted loop head. It is also shown that, for the loop head curve, the elastica curve can be replaced by an elliptical curve for up to 30% of extension, as it is easier to apply.
Social transformation and caste conflict in a village in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Saravanan Velayutham , Shanthakumari R.
Published: January 2017

This paper attempts to assess the causes as well as the consequences of the social conflict in Saranatham village in 1948. The first section attempts to reconstruct the agrarian relations of the pre-conflict period i.e., 1947. The second section explains the origin of social movements by the labouring class (Scheduled Castes) and their role in the social transformation in that village. The third section discuses the causes of the conflict and the last section ends with the concluding observations of this paper.
Domestic violence against women-Report on a situational analysis in Ernakulum district, Kerala
Authors: Sunny Celine
Published: January 2017

From all reported cases of domestic violence against women in Ernakulam district, Kerala (1998-2000), a random selection of cases was made from each of the major categories, i.e., violence due to alcoholism, due to insufficient dowry, frustration due to economic difficulties, violence due to extra-martial affairs, and due to personality disorders. Most of the wife-abusers were in the daily-wage category, and alcoholism and insufficient money were the most frequently cited causes. Spending on alcohol, it appears, leads to lack of money and wife torture as a means of ventilating frustration. Insufficient dowry also seems to be linked up to this nexus. More generally, the study documents how, though one cause may be a major one, a multiciplicity of factors are at work. The perpetrators were commonly found to be normal people, though domestic violence could be considerably aggravated by mental disorders. All victims were physically abused, but they were least abused when economic factors were the principal cause. All suffered psychological violence as well. Of the 25 victims in the survey, three attempted suicide and 12 contemplated doing so. Overall, the victims appear to have taken pains to see that the stressful situations they were in did not affect their relationships with their children or their children's education.
The concept of sustainable development: Roots, connotations and critical evaluation
Authors: Salunkhe Sarjerao A.
Published: January 2017

The alarming degradation of finite environmental resources, spawned by industrialisation and factory production-the historical context that gave rise to the dichotomy of ‘development’ vs ‘environment', also carried in it the seeds of a new vision, encapsulated in the concept of ‘sustainable development'. As it was first defined in the World Commission on Environment and Development's Our Common Future, ‘sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'. These ideas continue to dominate the discourse on development at the national and international levels. It is pointed out, in this context, that it is important to raise the issues of what kinds of needs are we talking about (survival needs or luxury needs) and more particularly, the issue of the needs of the have-nots, not only of future generations, but also of the present ones. The paper concludes by suggesting that a viable policy of sustainable development should envisage, among other things, a change in resource exploitative technology and extravagant life-styles, and the strengthening of democratic decision making, and good governance at all levels.
Education of the depressed classes in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu in the pre-Independence period
Authors: Shantakumari R.
Published: January 2017

Archival material is drawn upon to bring out the steps taken by the pre-Independence, colonial government of Madras to provide for the education of the depressed classes. In the initial stages, when the British government shied away from the issue for fear of hostility from caste Hindus, it was the missionaries who took up the cause of these people. Some administrators too were proactive, among them, the Collector of Chingleput, who, as far back as 1892, took up cudgels on behalf of the Pariah. By 1916, the GOI, sensitive to the concerns voiced in the Imperial Legislative Council, conferred with the provincial governments on what further could be done; and in 1919, the depressed classes acquired an official protector-the Commissioner of Labour. The Labour Department was active in many districts; it sought to promote the education of the depressed classes, and in the process, faced caste prejudice.
Domestic violence in India: Evidences and implications for working women
Authors: Sahoo Harihar , Raju Saraswati
Published: January 2017

Domestic violence is one of the most pervasive and commonest manifestations of violence targeted towards women. It is very difficult to problematise domestic violence in any one analytical framework as the factors contributing to it are interlinked and are culturally and contextually specific. The inter-linkage between women's work-often seen as a proxy for their enhanced status-and domestic violence is one of the most nuanced and little understood issues. The paper, therefore, focuses on working women and their experience of domestic violence situating the analysis in the referential framework of other contributing factors by using the data from the National Family Health Survey II (1998-99). The results show that working women face more violence as compared to the rural counterparts, which may be because of their being economically active and relatively better informed about their rights which on one hand, threaten male dominance and on the other, may result in better reporting of incidences of domestic violence although it is extremely difficult to sift the independent contribution of these outcomes. However, there are intercepts to disturb such a neat proposition and exposure to mass media-proxy for awareness, age at marriage as well as standard of living and educational level seem to have ameliorating implications for domestic violence. And yet, working urban women are more susceptible to violence than working women in rural India suggesting that urban women are in a more direct confrontation with established and coded gendered domains vis-à-vis men.
Interrogating gendered inequality in educational attainment in India
Authors: Alam Mohd. Sanjeer
Published: January 2017

The educational system in India is highly stratified across gender, caste, class, region and religion. However, gender remains the most pervasive axis of educational stratification and disparities in India despite recognition of large societal benefits accruing to women and several proactive constitutional/legal measures over last six decades.

Most of the literature on gender inequality in education deals with literacy and access to elementary education and are descriptive/narrative in nature. Moreover, girls and women are often treated as a monolithic category overlooking their multiple locations teasing a simplistic framework to unravel gender inequality in education at various levels and underlying factors causing such inequalities. Drawing both from secondary data and field-based research in differently located sites in terms of developmental parameters in rural Bihar, this paper tries to capture gender disparity in a multi-dimensional and nuanced analytical framework locating it in a larger socio-economic context.
Gendered political exclusion: Crucial implications for Indian democracy
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Rai Praveen
Published: January 2017

Based on primary and secondary sources, this paper attempts to ascertain the underlying patterns and themes of women's political participation and their levels of inclusion or exclusion from the political process. A balance sheet of gender participation in formal politics reveals that there has been marked increase in voting turnout and election campaigning among women although they still continue to be excluded from legislative bodies at national and state level and deprived from key decision making positions in government and political parties.

Field-based research shows ‘interest in polities’ as the key determinant and one of the best predictors of women's levels of political participation. Among other factors that seem to determine the intensity of women's formal participation in politics, ‘media exposure’-proxy for awareness-emerges as important variable.

The key areas that need to be addressed for improving political participation of women and inclusion in the political process are affirmative action, better representation in legislative bodies and political parties, particularly in the decision making bodies as well as cabinet berths in government at centre and state level in partnership with civil society.
Prevention and treatment of alcohol-related violence through prison programs: a Finnish perspective
Authors: Koski-Jännes Anja
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the connection between drinking and violent crimes in Finland and discusses ways of intervening in this connection through correctional programs. It summarizes features of effective programs and presents examples of substance-abuse programs for violent offenders, with some suggestions on how to improve their efficacy.
The effectiveness of community-based interventions to reduce violence in and around licensed premises: a comparison of three Australian models
Authors: Lang Ernie , Rumbold Greg
Published: January 2017

The findings of the Australian National Committee on Violence and the outcomes of a National Symposium on Alcohol and Violence have encouraged an interest in locally based initiatives to deal with the problem of alcohol-related violence in and around licensed premises in Australia. The first initiatives to emerge were in the form of local accords between police and licensees, with varying degrees of input and support from local government, licensing authorities, the various liquor industry associations, and the local community. To date none of these accords has had any legislative backing nor been underpinned by signed agreements, relying solely on the cooperation of the various parties. The early success claimed by the pioneering accords has resulted in their proliferation throughout Australia. This paper reviews three of the better-known accords, the West End Forum Project, the Surfers Paradise Safety Action Project, and the Geelong Local Industry Accord. Some general conclusions are made regarding the factors that are important with respect to the sustainability and efficacy of these approaches.
Surveillance of alcohol-related injuries in two Canadian emergency department settings: an analysis and commentary
Authors: Pickett William , Hartling Lisa , Brison Robert J. , Grant Heather J.
Published: January 2017

A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to: (1) describe patterns of alcohol-related injury observed in two emergency departments (EDs) in Kingston, Ontario, and (2) discuss limitations inherent to the collection of these data. The study examined all persons presenting for injury treatment where alcohol was indicated as being involved. In total, 1,970 alcohol-related injuries were identified for the years 1994-1996. Major patterns of alcohol-related injury presenting to the ED include: (1) fights
Prevention of alcohol-related violence
Authors: Pernanen Kai
Published: January 2017

Four target areas in the prevention of alcohol-related violence are discussed: alcohol-specific, individual, situational and (sub)cultural factors. Important alcohol-specific factors are those determining the prevalence and duration of intoxication events in the population. Traditional prevention of alcohol problems aims to cut down overall alcohol use and/or favors beverages of low alcohol content. More specific prevention programs would locate individuals who are highly violence-prone under alcohol intoxication and specify characteristics of situations and (sub)cultures that are conducive to alcohol-related violence. Presently prevention of bar violence targets the widest range of high-risk factors. Prevention of alcohol-related conflicts and escalation to violence in interactional situations is perhaps the least systematically developed area. The recent emphasis on violence as a public health problem has brought forth new prevention programs. Studying how these general programs affect alcohol-related violence and coordinating the two types of efforts will be a key task for the future.
Are trade agreements and economic co-operatives compatible with alcohol control policies and injury prevention?
Authors: Vingilis Evelyn , Lote Richard , Seeley Jane
Published: January 2017

In the past 20 years, dramatic changes have occurred in the movement toward global economies and free/liberalized markets. Various trade agreements have been increasing international trade, challenging “unfair” trade practices and pushing to “harmonize” and coordinate regulations, taxation, policies and other public and private enterprises. Could these trade agreements affect alcohol and injury control policies? Furthermore, could trade agreements ultimately affect injury trends? Unfortunately research studies and data on this topic are scarce. This paper presents information on the principles underlying international trade agreements and indicates how these principles could potentially affect the sales, regulations and taxation of alcohol and impact on injuries. The call is for researchers to conduct the research needed to address these questions and potential impacts.
A “day in the life” of residents and staff at one medical model and two social model substance abuse treatment and recovery programs
Authors: Kaskutas Lee Ann , Piroth Kirsten V. , Karp Robert C.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents typical interactions and experiences of residents and staff in three substance abuse treatment/recovery programs (two social model, one medical model) that were subjects of in-depth qualitative observation and analysis in the Social Model Process Evaluation. The descriptions, based on observed events, are amalgamations of several different residents and staff members at each program in order to present a seamless “story” of a typical day. The current paper presents a composite picture of what it is like to be a client or a staff member at each of the three study sites, as well as providing an overall description of each site.
Experiential authority in a social model organization
Authors: Crawford Shea
Published: January 2017

Social model programs for recovering substance abusers are formal nonprofit agencies characterized by an Alcoholics Anonymous-based philosophy with experiential knowledge as the basis of authority. However, social model programs are also required to have certain rational-legal characteristics in order to obtain and maintain tax-exempt 501(c)(3) status. This paper explores how one social model agency operating under these dual sources of authority (experiential and rational-legal) has managed to avert bureaucratization and maintain its distinctive management style. The agency has adopted a shifting management structure and a bottom-up decision-making process to diminish the rational-legal authority of employees. Hiring and training criteria emphasize recovery experience over professional degrees and certification, thus supporting experiential authority of employees. These techniques are threatened by funding requirements that emphasize professional training and certification, and the agency's hiring and termination policies are also in conflict with 501(c)(3) legal requirements. However, the organization's capacity for self-organization may enable it to preserve the legitimacy of experiential authority and to continue to restrict bureaucratization.
Christian Mission in A.D. 2000: A Glance Backward
Authors: Anderson Gerald H.
Published: January 2017

Do not be confused: This was the presidential address at the annual meeting of the American Society of Missiology held at Aquinas Institute of Theology, Dubuque, Iowa, June 7, 1975. Gerald Anderson spoke as though he was in the year 2000 and looking backward—or “backcasting”—over the twentieth century. Actually, however, he was also looking toward the year 2000 and “forecasting” about some events that he thought might take place in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Never before published, the address shows some of the hazards of trying to anticipate the future. In giving this to Missiology for publication (without revisions) in A.D. 2000, Anderson says, “It was an interesting exercise, but I learned my lesson. Historians do reasonably well at looking backward from the present to learn about the future. However, I was trying to look backward from the future; I was ‘forecasting’ in the guise of ‘backcasting.’ Did it work? Not too well, judging from how far off I was about some of the events that I thought might happen in the last quarter of the century, but—fortunately—did not. It was fun, and it stirred up a lively discussion at the meeting, but in the future, I will stick to the past.”
The Translational Model for Mission in Resistant Muslim Society: A Critique and an Alternative
Authors: Schlorff Sam
Published: January 2017

The Translational (or dynamic equivalence) model is a relatively new approach to mission among Muslims that envisages a “people movement to Christ” that remains within Islam. In view of its increasing following, this paper suggests it is time for an evaluation in depth. It especially faults two theories on which it is based—the ideas that “missionary extractionism” is the main cause of Muslim resistance and that Muslim cultural forms are “neutral vehicles” that one may fill with Christian meanings. These ideas have encouraged younger missionaries to rather extreme experiments. A corrective is therefore proposed: The Betrothal model.
Toward a Discipline of Christian Ethnomusicology: A Missiological Paradigm
Authors: King Roberta R.
Published: January 2017

Some missiologists have long recognized the potential of ethnomusicology contributing to missiology. But intentional investigations and systematic approaches for ethnomusicology applied to mission have emerged only sporadically, causing the discipline to appear tangential to the field. This article proposes a discipline of Christian ethnomusicology that locates it within the four arenas of a missiological paradigm: the mission context, the biblical text, the personal pilgrimage, and the faith community. The case of a new song workshop in West Africa among the Senufo is used to argue for the entry of Christian ethnomusicology into the guild of missiology as a full-fledged partner.
The HIV/AIDS Pandemic: What is at Stake for Christian Mission?
Authors: Ross Kenneth R.
Published: January 2017

The scale and severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic raises the question of whether our understanding of Christian mission requires to be reshaped. The imperative to respond with justice and compassion leads to a forging of alliances with a surprising variety of social actors. The attention required by the sexual dimension of life calls for new concepts, new vocabularly, and new emphases in Christian worship, teaching, and outreach. Gender-based power and sexual violence invite prophetic critique as never before. In a context in which many feel abandoned, the significance of a Christian ministry of presence is thrown into sharp relief. Through responding to the epidemic, Christian mission discovers a formative moment at which it is significantly reshaped.
Spirit and “Spirits” at the Canberra Assembly of the World Council of Churches, 1991
Authors: Kim Kirsteen
Published: January 2017

At the World Council of Churches Assembly in Canberra, Australia, in 1991, the theme of the Holy Spirit's presence and activity in creation led to discussion of “spirits,” stimulated particularly by the plenary presentation of Chung Hyun Kyung. The term was variously understood to refer to evil spirits in the New Testament tradition, the spirits of traditional religions, or as a metaphor for sociopolitical structures. The discussion caused considerable controversy and was dismissed by some as syncretistic. At the same time, it suggested a new framework for missiology in a plural world. In this paradigm discernment of spirits will be crucial.
Understanding the Nation of Islam: Toward a More Effective Evangelism
Authors: Tsoukalas Steven
Published: January 2017

Having its roots in nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century Black Nationalism, the Nation of Islam presents a theology/philosophy of its time. Its unique view of the origin of the Black and White races, Allah in the person of Master Fard Muhammad, and the destruction of the White race, apostates, and all those who do not embrace its savior gives each member of the Nation of Islam a sense of identity and purpose. Understanding the cultural context in which the anthropology and theology of the Nation of Islam arose can aid Christians in evangelism of its adherents.
Toward a Contextualized Astrological Apologetic, with a Case Study for Booth Ministry Outreach
Authors: Johnson Philip , Payne Simeon , Wilson Peter
Published: January 2017

In our post-Christendom Western world, astrology has become popular, as alternative and do-it-yourself spiritualities begin to fill the vacuum left by the demise of Christian adherence. Throughout church history, Christian apologists have responded to astrology in three different ways: “critical rejection,” “qualified embrace,” and “apologetic engagement.” The first part of this discussion reviews these different responses. From that foundation, the remainder of the discussion considers how an incarnational, missiological approach can be applied through dialogue and apologetic engagement with those who adhere to astrology. A brief case study profiles how the authors have interacted with devotees in the context of a booth ministry within alternate spiritual festivals. The dynamics of this critical contextual approach warrants some brief reflections. Finally, using Van Baalen's maxim about the “unpaid bills of the church,” the discussion concludes by pondering what astrology says back to the Church about deficiencies in our present theology and praxis.
“I am a Witch in the Holy Spirit”
Authors: Merz Johannes
Published: January 2017

Missionaries have usually responded to witchcraft beliefs either by denying their existence or by diabolizing them. Contemporary cultural anthropology shows that especially in Pentecostalism these beliefs are demonized and thus linked to the devil as part of a moral dualism. In spite of this demonization, the belief in good witchcraft often continues to exist, even though it is stigmatized and thus not addressed in churches. This article analyses the life story and testimony of a male witch who has converted to Christianity and now considers himself a “witch of God.” His example challenges missionaries to rethink the meaning and the importance of witchcraft beliefs in African Christianity.
A Sense of History and Apologetics in a Hindu Context
Authors: John Varughese
Published: January 2017

Apologetic discourses will have to be contextual if they are to be meaningful. The communication of the historical Jesus in a Hindu context stands to benefit from bearing in mind the Hindu sense of history. With this in view, the article delineates a Hindu sense of time/history and outlines how it has been confronted by the modern understanding of time. Highlighting the tensions between a cyclic and a linear sense of time and between history and myth, this article brings out the challenges that the Hindu worldview presents for Christian apologetics.
Breaking the Culture Barrier
Authors: Quick John B.
Published: January 2017

Whether we like it or not, the world is moving more and more in the direction of a standard, universal culture, at least in some parts of life. The changes which take place in this direction usually come about through adopting behavior patterns learned from the West, or material goods from Western technology. Such changes are often known in the different languages of the world by such words as “development” “progress” “improvement.” Because of the unevenness of rates of change it is a common experience in Asia and Africa to see young people who are in many respects highly westernized, side by side with their parents or other contemporaries who have not been so highly affected by this change. And even though some change is wanted, by and large, all over the world, not all aspects of westernization are equally wanted. Attitudes, furthermore, may be ambivalent, and the individual who moves faster than his contemporaries may be subjected to severe pressures. The following article is a brief human case study of the difficulties which one young man faced for a few hours in just such an ambivalent situation.
Ritual and Resistance: Communal Connectivity in a Church Retreat
Authors: Scandrett-Leatherman Craig
Published: January 2017

In order to nurture respect for all persons in a racist world, Christian discipleship requires powerful resistance. Drawing on the work of Victor Turner, this paper proposes that the communal connectivity of ritual process enhances hegemonic resistance. Rite of passage provides a three-stage process of separation, marginality, and reincorporation that produces communal connectivity in the margin or liminal stage. Andrew Apter indicates that liminality also produces political dynamism. Muslim pilgrimage and church retreats follow the rite of passage structure. On a Muslim pilgrimage, Malcolm X was connected to pilgrims across racial lines and imagined the reformation of society. The phenomenon and the religious and historical foundation of the Irving Park Free Methodist Church (Chicago, Illinois) retreat is examined beginning with Jesus' dramatic participation in pilgrimage. In the powerful center of ritual liminality, communal connectivity may affect both political reconfiguration and social habit reformation toward resisting hegemonic racism and promoting respect for all persons.
From Tribal Identity to Solidarity of Others: Theological Challenges of a Divided Korea
Authors: Min Anselm Kyongsuk
Published: January 2017

Korea has been suffering division and fragmentation because of an endemic system of tribal identity based on class, gender, region, and religion. I analyze the contradictions of contemporary Korean society arising from this tribalism and propose as a challenge to the Christian churches the task of nourishing the anticulture of “solidarity of Others.” We must recognize that different as we are in class, gender, region, and religion, we are mutually dependent for both our particular and common destinies, for which we must cooperate in solidarity. The historical Jesus provides a primordial example of this solidarity across all traditional boundaries of identity.
The Place of Mission in New Testament Theology: An Attempt to Determine the Significance of Mission within the Scope of the New Testament's Message as a Whole
Authors: Köstenberger Andreas J.
Published: January 2017

What is the place of mission in the theology of the New Testament? After clarifying the nature of mission, New Testament theology, and Scripture, the present essay assesses the significance of mission within the scope of the New Testament's message as a whole. The author first surveys the New Testament theologies by Rudolf Bultmann, George Ladd, and N. T. Wright, then the theologies of mission by Donald Senior and Carroll Stuhlmueller, and David Bosch. This is followed by a discussion of the biblical material focusing on John's Gospel. The article concludes with three important principles in determining the place of mission in New Testament theology.
Classification of Antisocial Behavior for Prognostic Purposes: Study the Motivation, Not the Crime
Authors: Schlesinger Louis B.
Published: January 2017

A method of classifying criminal behavior for prognostic purposes, based on an analysis of the motivational dynamics of the antisocial act itself, is presented. Offenses are placed along a hypothetical spectrum, with those acts influenced mainly by external environmental factors on one end, followed by situational, impulsive, and catathymic categories. On the extreme opposite end of the scale are the compulsive offenses motivated almost entirely by internal psychogenic sources. Antisocial acts that are a direct result of a primary psychiatric condition form a group of their own, separate from the motivational spectrum. The author argues that the legally charged crime (e.g., murder, manslaughter, arson, sexual assault) focuses on conduct and degree of intent and does not fully differentiate motivational factors. Accordingly, the purely legal approach is of limited help in understanding the offender's behavior or in offering a prognostic guideline.
Psychological Assessments of Confessions and Suggestibility in Mentally Retarded Suspects
Authors: Brodsky Stanley L. , Bennett Allyson D.
Published: January 2017

Concerns about mentally retarded individuals in the justice system have been addressed in research and in recent appellate rulings. Research studies have reported cognitive deficits in decision-making, planning, and rational understanding, as well as, social impairments, limitations in language abilities, and susceptibility to acquiescence and suggestibility. For suspects functioning in the intellectual and adaptive category of mental retardation, a voluntary, knowing, and intelligent waiver of Miranda rights becomes uncertain. The validity of confessions during police interrogations by mentally retarded persons should routinely be questioned. False confessions elicited by leading questions and interrogative pressure can have adverse consequences. No specific legal or clinical guidelines presently exist regarding the assessment of competence to waive Miranda rights in retarded citizens. The present paper explores psychological issues and proposes three domains and five forensic-clinical recommendations in the evaluation of competence to waive Miranda rights in mentally retarded individuals.
Growing Your Forensic Practice
Authors: Mart Eric G.
Published: January 2017

Managed care and other market forces have placed increasing demands on mental health professionals in private practice. Forensic psychology is one area of practice that has many advantages over conventional clinical practice in that it is managed care free, generally more lucrative, as well being intellectually and emotionally challenging. This article is written for clinicians who already practice primarily in this area, as well as those doing some forensic work who wish to increase their practice and/or expand into other areas of forensic practice. This article will discuss ethical, time and cost efficient ways of acquiring the requisite skills for such practice expansion as well as ways of effectively marketing these new subspecialties.
Electromechanical response of delaminating polymer thin films on rough elastomeric substrate
Authors: Mehdi Syed Murtuza , Akhtar Maaz , Qamar Sayyad Zahid
Published: January 2017

Conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) is being considered as an alternate material for metallic thin-film conductors in numerous biomedical sensing applications. This study investigates the electromechanical response of delaminating thin films of this conductive polymer (PEDOT/PSS) on a highly compliant elastomeric substrate called polydimethylsiloxane. The value of Young’s modulus for the substrate was tuned to remain between 120 kPa and140 kPa, while its thickness was at a submillimeter level. The films were fabricated using a non-vacuum, scalable, and cost-effective method of rod coating. The films were intentionally fabricated in a way, so that when the tensile strain is applied, the films are only loaded through interfacial shear, which results in delamination of the films instead of cracking. The experiments indicate an onset of delamination at an average value of 13.3% strain with continuous increase in resistance up to an average of 26% strain for the as-fabricated laminate. The study presents simple mathematical models relating the variation of electrical resistance with the applied strain which can be of potential use in predicting the response of such a polymer–elastomer laminate in areas like flexible and stretchable electronic sensing.
Before, it wasn’t like this …: Longitudinal research and a generation of continuity and change in rural–urban migration in Vanuatu
Authors: Petrou Kirstie
Published: January 2017

This paper uses the case study of rural–urban migration from the small island of Paama, Vanuatu over a period of almost 30 years to argue that longitudinal restudies offer valuable insights into processes of continuity and change. Between the early 1980s and 2011, there was great continuity in Paamese demography and rural social organization, circular mobility had decreased, the trend towards urban permanence had continued, and gendered mobility norms had altered. The dialectic nature of mobility was manifest in these changes and continuities, which both reflected and contributed to wider social, economic and political trends over the period. Significantly, many of the mobility trends noted above would not have been apparent without longitudinal data, the use of which allowed for detailed analysis of mobility behavior beyond general observations. Furthermore, while existing restudies tend to focus on change, it is argued that recognizing continuity is also important, and emphasizes the processual nature of mobility.
Was Titus Timothy?
Authors: Fellows Richard G.
Published: January 2017

It is proposed that the name 'Titus' in 2 Corinthians and Galatians is nothing more than an informal name used by Timothy. 1 Cor. 4.17, 16.10, 2 Cor. 2.13, 7.6, 13-14, 12.18 and Acts 19.22 all refer to the same journey of Titus-Timothy. The 'tearful' letter was written before I Corinthians and was carried by Titus-Timothy, who took the land route to Corinth via the Troad and Macedonia. He was delayed on his way to Corinth and this caused Paul to cancel his own planned visit to that city. Paul gave his revised plan in 1 Corinthians, which arrived before Titus-Timothy and the 'tearful' letter.
Student and Parent Attitudes before and after the Gifted Identification Process
Authors: Makel Matthew C.
Published: January 2017

Questionnaires were given to students prior to testing for giftedness to assess how the gifted identification process changes attitudes to ward gifted programs and parent-child relationships. After those identified as gifted had been participating in a pullout gifted program for one semester, another questionnaire was administered to all original participants. Comparable data were also collected from the students' parents. Results suggest that prior to identification, gifted and nongifted students and their parents shared similar attitudes toward giftedness. After identification, attitudes showed either no change or decreased. Compared to their gifted counterparts, nongifted students and their parents tended to report lower attitudes after identification. The impact of this attenuation and the use of preidentification data are also discussed.
The Human Capital Hoax: Work, Debt and Insecurity in the Era of Uberization
Authors: Fleming Peter
Published: January 2017

Human capital theory – developed by neoclassical economists like Gary Becker and Theodore Schultz – is widely considered a useful way to explain how employees might enhance their value in organizations, leading to improved skill, autonomy and socio-economic wellbeing. This essay argues the opposite. Human capital theory implies that employees should bear the costs (and benefits) of their investment. Highly individualized training and work practices are an inevitable corollary. Self-employment, portfolio careers, the ‘gig economy’ and on-demand business models (including Uber and Deliveroo) faithfully reflect the assumptions that inform human capital theory. I term this the radical responsibilization of the workforce and link it to growing economic insecurity, low productivity, diminished autonomy and worrying levels of personal debt. The essay concludes by proposing some possible solutions.
Life and Letting Die: A Story of the Homeless, Autonomy, and Anti-Social Behaviour
Authors: Stevens Simon
Published: January 2017

If I were to say that the architecture in our public spaces is ‘really speaking to us’, you would be forgiven for thinking this is a piece about the aesthetics of our cities. In some ways in fact, it is, but not in any artistic sense. I am not discussing a collection of monuments, town houses or grandiose buildings. Alas, the architecture I talk of is more humble and yet perhaps more sinister. There is a message encoded into it, within our parks, streets and centres, which seems to be part of a wider narrative. This essay is an attempt to read it, find out what it says, and consider how that may affect our concept of autonomy, but also, to encourage us to reflect on how we choose to read it: to think on what theoretical framework we should discuss homelessness. The aim is not to necessarily reconceptualize something then, but is more in the tradition of making the familiar seem unfamiliar: not only in what we think, but how we come to think what we do and the extent to which the former is limited by the latter. To achieve this, the leading question I therefore ask is: what does the organization of public space in reaction to a homeless presence tell us about autonomy, and how we think about autonomy?
Looking beyond ‘imaginary’ analytics and hermeneutics in comparative politics
Authors: Akan Murat
Published: January 2017

Multiple modernities has emerged as the post-Huntingtonian paradigm in the study of secularism and religion, and the concepts ‘imaginary’ or ‘ verstehen’ are the most common candidates guiding research aiming to articulate this multiplicity. This article revisits Shmuel Eisenstadt’s original ‘Multiple Modernities’ thesis, Charles Taylor’s concept ‘imaginary’ and Max Weber’s ‘ verstehen’, and offers concise examples on how they are put into practice in the current literature on secularism and religion. I argue that the original Eisenstadt thesis is built upon interactions of modernities, and the ‘imaginary’ and ‘ verstehen’ analytics eliminate from sight non-isomorphic relations between ideas and actions, despite the ample presence of both interactions and non-isomorphic relations in the politics of secularism and modernity. Turning multiple modernities into an exercise in typologies of non-interacting modernities articulated in isomorphic relations between ideas and actions produces new kinds of post-Huntingtonian culturalism. I finally sketch a comparative politics of new meanings as the counter-hypothesis to which ‘imaginary’, ‘ verstehen’ and non-interacting typology analytics of modernities have to respond.
Islamic thought and the public sphere
Authors: Eiedat Moh’d Khair
Published: January 2017

For the purpose of clarity I offer an operational definition of Islamic thought which is Sunni-based. The public sphere is placed in the context of deliberative politics as an ethical frame in which the following elements are assumed: freedom, equality, reciprocity, reasoning, choice, fraternity and solidarity. Three Islamic models are identified: model (A), the Sufi/individualist model; model (B), shariah-legal-religious nationalism; and model (C), the ethical model. Model (C) is taken to be the most relevant to the notion of deliberative politics. The implications of model (C) for the idea of individual, society and political authority are examined. The issue of translation proviso is then introduced in the context of examining the feasibility or otherwise for model (C) to become a dominant Islamic discourse. Finally, I introduce the notion of ‘silence’ as potentially useful for the idea of religion and deliberative politics.
The danger of compartmentalization
Authors: Ferrari Silvio
Published: January 2017

This article argues that we cannot separate theology on the one hand and politics, law and economy on the other when trying to understand how to deal with religious and cultural diversity. Through an historical examination of the formation of the right to religious liberty in the West, it shows that the European secular state is still deeply indebted with its theological presuppositions. This conclusion explains why systems of religiously based personal regimes are much less widespread in Europe than in other parts of the world. It also suggests that the best way to manage cultural and religious diversity in Europe consists in strengthening the pluralistic components of the European legal systems, as already shown by recent reforms in the field of family and commercial law.
Turkey’s ‘liberal’ liberals
Authors: Borovalı Murat
Published: January 2017

This article seeks to address the increasingly pertinent concern of how to form a satisfactory liberal stance in the face of certain democratically mandated policies of non-liberal and even sometimes illiberal governments. To that end, a close analysis is provided of a particular debate that generated controversy in certain liberal circles in Turkey during the run-up to the referendum on constitutional amendments in 2010. Identifying and evaluating 5 factors which seemed to have influenced the opposing positions in the debate, the article tries to demonstrate how disagreement over the ‘correct’ liberal position entails differences in overall judgement of the political situation and assessment of the circumstances.
Unveiling the religious motives in radical social critique
Authors: Znepolski Boyan
Published: January 2017

This article aims to study the present-day disarray of radical social critique, as represented by Alain Badiou and Slavoj Žižek, which lacks reliable mainstays in contemporary societies and therefore resorts to religion in order to justify the universality of its revolutionary project. Emphasizing the opposition between particularity and universality, both Badiou and Žižek reject religion as a cultural particularity, attempting at the same time to discover in religion the symbolic codifications of the universal experience of a radical social change. Precisely this is the task of Alain Badiou’s book on Saint Paul, which focuses on religious events such as the Resurrection and religious concepts such as grace. However, as the article tries to point out, this recourse to religion is certainly not innocuous, insofar as the desired radicality of social critique implies dogmatism, traditionalism and a hidden appeal to violence.
Preservation of Cochlear Function in the Surgery of Cholesteatomatous Labyrinthine Fistulas and Oval Window Tympanosclerosis
Authors: Smyth G.D.L. , Gormley P.K.
Published: January 2017

Anakusis is reported as a not uncommon complication of the surgical treatment of cholesteatomatous fistula of the labyrinth. Likewise, although published results on the surgical treatment of tympanoscierotic ears are infrequent, most otologists are aware of greater than usual risks of severe sensorineural impairment from ossiculoplasty In this type of middle ear disease. Because of recent developments in implanted aids‐to‐hearing, in tympanoplasty operations, when they fail to adequately improve hearing, preservation of eighth nerve function becomes ever‐increasingly important. This article concerns two types of middle ear disease in which surgical treatment threatens hair cells and neurons, to the extent that surgical complications might prejudice the eventual possible benefits of a standard hearing aid or any implanted device, if either was indicated.