bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Agricultural Academic Safety, Health, and Biosecurity Curriculum Standards
Authors: Morris Glen C. , Morris Glen C. , Ehlers Shawn G. , Field William E. , Tormoehlen Roger , Ehlers Shawn G. , Field William E. , Tormoehlen Roger
Published: December 2022

Highlights

Agricultural academic standards have different distribution among even some heavily agriculturally involved states.

Education standards that pertain to agricultural safety and health are more generic and focus on farm machinery and livestock handling.

Education standards that pertain to agricultural biosecurity are more general and tend not to focus on specific biosecurity areas of identification and prevention.

Abstract. This article examines the published agricultural education standards from California, Indiana, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and The National Council for Agricultural Education. The overall aim was to access the attention given to, or inconsistencies in, agricultural safety, health, and biosecurity standards that are increasingly becoming central to agricultural production. This effort was part of a curricula design project to expand and enhance the Gearing Up for Safety – Production Agricultural Safety Curriculum for Young and Beginning Workers to ensure adequate coverage of biosecurity topics in secondary education programs. Agricultural education programs which involved topics of safety, health, and biosecurity, included curricula with outcomes and objectives that are created from competencies or standards. It was found that current standards give little attention, generally, to agricultural safety, health, and biosecurity. The academic standards reviewed had little consistency in the associated topics of safety and health, or biosecurity. The National Council for Agricultural Education and Wisconsin agricultural safety, health, and biosecurity standards constituted around 20% of the overall agricultural standard count. However, in most other states, the overall agricultural safety standards constituted as little as 3% of the overall standards. The lack of consistency in the standards, especially with respect to identification of desired learning outcomes makes curricula development efforts more difficult and less likely to meet actual needs in the field. The need to develop uniform educational standards that reflect the increasing importance being given to food safety, biosecurity and workplace safety and health was identified. Keywords: Agricultural academic standards, Agricultural health, Agricultural safety, Biosecurity standards, Education standards.
La trascendencia de la realidad virtual en la educación STEM: una revisión sistemática desde el punto de vista de la experimentación en el aula.
Authors: Marrero Galván Juan José , Hernández Padrón Manuel
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. En los últimos años las disciplinas STEM vienen integrando la realidad virtual en el contexto educativo. Entendiendo esta tecnología como una inmersión del usuario, en este caso estudiantes, en un mundo totalmente virtual y en el que se desarrollan diferentes estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Es importante conocer las investigaciones que se han publicado a nivel internacional sobre la implementación del constructo STEM-realidad virtual-alumnado, así como los resultados que han obtenido, por lo que este ha sido el objetivo de este trabajo. MÉTODO. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada, formato artículos con acceso en abierto, en la base de datos Scopus entre los años 2000 y 2021 y en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. RESULTADOS. Se han obtenido 12 artículos que cumplen los criterios de inclusión establecidos y su análisis aporta un creciente interés por parte de investigadores y educadores, diversidad de autores y de áreas implicadas, además de algunos logros positivos de tipo cognitivo y afectivo de los estudiantes que participan activamente en los estudios, así como una notable variedad en las actividades diseñadas; pero también algunas deficiencias metodológicas, como pueden ser: una escasa fundamentación teórica que oriente los diseños de las propuestas didácticas o un tiempo limitado en algunos de los estudios. DISCUSIÓN. Se destacan las sinergias que se producen entre la realidad virtual y el aprendizaje basado en problemas o la indagación, las limitaciones en cuanto al uso y disponibilidad tecnológica, la necesidad de continuar la investigación sobre esta temática y, finalmente, incrementar en la medida de lo posible el tamaño muestral, que permita la generalización de los resultados y evaluar de forma eficaz el nivel de integración real de esta tecnología emergente.
A Generalized Current Trajectory Based Fault Diagnostic Method for Three-Phase Two-Level Inverters
Authors: Abhijith T. K. , Arun S. , Labeeb K. M. , Kumar Parvathy G. , Raj Nithin
Published: December 2022

Inverters play a vital role in the distributed generated energy systems. Hence, the reliability of the entire distributed energy system depends on the consistent and continuous operation of the inverter. Consequently, to maintain a reliable operation, effective condition monitoring and fault diagnostic schemes have to be incorporated. In this paper, a method based on current trajectory is analyzed for the fault detection and diagnosis of open-switch faults in three-phase two-level voltage source inverters (VSI). The current trajectory-based method of fault diagnosis has been already presented literature for the identification and localization of open-switch fault in the three-phase two-level VSI. The main drawback of the existing current trajectory method is that the fault diagnosis and detection is dependent on the phase currents selected to plot the current trajectories. Therefore, in this paper, a generalization is proposed for the fault diagnosis and diagnosis based on the current trajectory, which make the method independent of the selection of the phase current used to plot the current trajectory. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed generalization is verified by simulation and experiments in a laboratory prototype of three-phase two-level VSI.
Comparative Analysis of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Standalone PV System Under Variable Weather Conditions
Authors: Ghatak Aditya , Pandit Tushar , Kishan Dharavath , Raushan Ravi
Published: December 2022

Renewable energy systems are becoming increasingly predominant in the current scenario, and Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are one of the most widely used renewable energy generation sources. The current-voltage characteristics of PV arrays are non-linear, necessitating the need for supervisory techniques in order to ensure that the array functions at maximum efficiency, which is performed by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques. These techniques are categorized into classical, intelligent and optimization algorithms. This paper performs a comparative analysis between five different MPPT techniques belonging to these categories – Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (IC), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA). A standalone PV system interfaced with a Boost converter is simulated on MATLAB Simulink for the performance evaluation of the MPPT techniques. Solar energy is extremely susceptible to changes in local weather conditions, mainly variations in solar insolation levels. The designed system is tested against a varying insolation profile in order to examine the robustness of the MPPT techniques, with their operation efficiencies showcased.
Transmission Congestion Management in Deregulated Power System Using Adaptive Restarting Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Gajjala Madhu Mohan , Ahmad Aijaz
Published: December 2022

Power systems in a deregulated environment have more intense and recurrent transmission line congestion than conventionally regulated power systems. With the help of generation rescheduling, this article shows how to effectively manage congestion in the day-ahead energy market by taking corrective measures to reduce congestion. The research employs an adaptive restarting genetic algorithm (ARGA) to provide an effective congestion management strategy in a deregulated power market (DPM). The study makes two significant contributions. First, the generator sensitivity factors (GSF) are calculated to choose re-dispatched generators. Second, the least congestion cost is calculated using the adaptive restarting genetic algorithm. Several different line outage contingency cases on IEEE 30 bus systems are used to examine the suggested algorithm’s implementation efficacy. The simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in net congestion costs, resulting in a more reliable and secure power system operation. The proposed algorithm was tested in a python environment, and power flow analysis was done using the PANDAPOWER tool. The acquired results are contrasted using several contemporary optimization approaches to validate the suggested technique’s validity. The ARGA technique gives a lower congestion cost solution than the particle swarm optimization (PSO), real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA), and differential evolution (DE) algorithm.
Priority Based Critical Load Selection Algorithm for Grid Integrated PV Powered EV Charging System with Optimal DC Link Control
Authors: Aijaz Masiha , Hussain Ikhlaq , Lone Shameem Ahmad
Published: December 2022

This article presents a single phase double stage photovoltaic (PV) array powered grid connected residential premise integrated with electric vehicle (EV) charging functionality. Taking criticality of the loads into consideration, a unique multi-modal control is developed which ensures incessant power supply to the loads via EVs in case of common occurrences of power interruption thereby enhancing the power security of the system. Favourable regulation of DC link voltage is achieved via proportional integral (PI) controller (DCVPI). Comparison between genetic algorithm (GA) and modified particle swarm optimisation (PSO) based tuning proves modified PSO tuned DCVPI achieves faster convergence and better fitness function evaluation. The system is subjected to various dynamic conditions during which modified PSO tuned DCVPI stabilises to the reference voltage faster and results in 1.38% reduction in overshoots opposed to the manual tuning. The proposed system is designed to work both in grid connected mode as well as islanded mode of operation. Moreover, a resynchronisation control is developed to achieve a seamless transition from islanded mode to grid connected mode post the mitigation of power failure. The proposed system achieves unity power factor and complies with the IEEE -519 power quality standard
Investigation on CEED-RES Problem Using Modified Lagrange Method
Authors: Manikandan K. , Sasikumar S. , Arulraj R.
Published: December 2022

The notion of a micro grid system is used to prevent transmission losses and to ensure a dependable power supply to a limited geographical area. It has been a mandatory protocol to apply accessible Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in order to reduce hazardous pollutants released into the atmosphere as a result of fossil fuel burning. Economic load dispatch (ELD) is concerned with the most cost-effective sizing of distributed energy resources (DERs). By limiting the hazardous content of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, emission dispatch determines the ideal size of DERs.

A multi-objective Combined Economic-Emission Dispatch (CEED) is created, which determines the appropriate DER sizing while minimizing both fuel costs and pollution emissions. Using Python programming in IDLE, this work conducts all ELD, Emission Dispatch, and CEED on a renewable-integrated micro grid and grid connected mode independently. The results are then compared with conventional method effectiveness of the proposed technique. In this paper, the algorithm proposed in python language to check the accuracy, multidisciplinary integration and ease of understanding. This article is developed based on conventional CEED solution and validated with the help of Python programming for a typical IEEE test system.
Control of Dynamic Performance Through Feedback Converter SSC In Grid Integrated Wind Energy System
Authors: Rani Preeti , Arora Ved Parkash , Sharma Naveen Kumar
Published: December 2022

A feedback converter-based Static series compensator (FBC-SSC) is a device that can simultaneously compensate for currents and voltages in a distribution network to enhance the Power Quality (PQ) in Grid integrated Energy System (GIWES). PQ is a term that refers to the conjunction of voltage and current stability. Electronically operated and non-linear gadgets with significant applicability in distribution networks and enterprises have become significant aspects due to PQ constraints such as imbalance voltage and frequency, and transients. Improved hysteresis-based FBC-SSC is suggested in this study for optimizing PQ in GIWES. The novelty in this research is improved hysteresis or hybrid PI and PWM-based hysteresis controlled FBC-SSC. In a wind turbine generation system, improved hysteresis based is used to find the gate trigger pulse for SSC. The suggested controller, when combined with FBC-SSC, improves the WES dynamic performance. Simultaneously, the grid network can compensate for current and voltage irregularities in nearby terminals. All converters in the proposed topology share a standard dc-link capacitor. As a result, power can be transmitted from one distributor to another. The proposed topology is modelled in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The effectiveness research is performed using the improved hysteresis controller. Finally, the obtained results are compared to two existing controllers: a Proportional Integral controller and a traditional Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller. As a consequence, the performance level can show that the advised technique is effective. When compared to another typical control approach, the suggested system obtains remarkably low THD values of 0.94 percent.
Performance Analysis and Energy Conservation of PV Based Hybrid Power System
Authors: Rajput Saurabh Kumar , Dheer Dharmendra Kumar
Published: December 2022

The increase in energy consumption due to population expansion and scarcity of fossil fuels is happening simultaneously in developing countries like India. In this regard, commercial buildings are increasingly required to employ renewable energy sources (like PV) and conserve the energy for improving energy efficiency. This research article examines the performance of such PV-based hybrid power system, consists of 11 kV grid supply, 100 kWp PV plant & 200 kVA diesel generator. The results indicate that the addition of 68.34 kVAr shunt capacitor bank to Automatic Power Factor Compensation (APFC) panel, keeps the Power Factor (PF) unity and also eliminates the PF penalties in electricity bills. The maximum demand (MD) saving Rs 54528.00 (INR) on annual basis is achieved after the integration of PV with low voltage (433 V) distribution system and grid supply (11 kV). This integration has also reduced the average transformer loading to 64.73% and improved the transformer life. However the development of high current harmonics (average value 47.10%) must be reduced to ensure the life of the electrical load.
Optimal Location of Electric Vehicles in a Wind Integrated Distribution System Using Reptile Search Algorithm
Authors: Rehman Nasir , Mufti Mairaj-ud din , Gupta Neeraj
Published: December 2022

Distributed generation (DG) has been employed over the years in distribution systems to enhance system voltage profile, improve voltage regulation and minimise power losses leading to improved stability besides economic benefits. This work addresses an application of reptile search algorithm (RSA) based optimization technique to determine the optimal placement of electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution systems. A matrix approach based radial distribution load flow method is adopted to determine the optimal location of DGs with the heuristic intelligent search approach of RSA looking after the optimal placement of EV loads. This work presents a standard IEEE-33 and 69 bus system integrated with a wind turbine generating system (WTGS). The system is modeled for optimal placement of EV loads such that the system voltage is maintained within allowable limits by reducing overall system losses. The optimal placement of EV loads in a radial distribution network (RDN) implies establishing an efficient active distribution network satisfying several operating parameters like bus voltage limits and current capacity of feeders while maintaining network radiality with minimal system losses. The proposed technique is investigated on the benchmark IEEE-33 and 69 bus test systems. The simulated results depict a substantial improvement in convergence characteristics and reduction in system losses.
Modified Virtual Impedance Control to Improve Real and Reactive Power Output in Islanded Microgrid
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Dheer Dharmendra Kumar
Published: December 2022

In this paper, modified virtual impedance control technique is proposed to bring back the sum of real power and reactive power output of all the distributed generators (DGs) to the nominal value. The value of real and reactive power output falls down in the conventional virtual impedance control technique for reactive power sharing improvement in islanded microgrid. The proposed technique modifies the d-axis component of virtual impedance voltage which in turns brings back the sum of real and reactive power output of distributed generators to nominal value keeping achieved reactive power sharing and output voltage intact. The impact of modified virtual impedance technique on the stability of the system is also investigated using eigenvalue analysis. No communication link or optimization technique is required in this work which reduces the complexity of the system making it more reliable and easier to design. The proposed technique works satisfactory for local load as well as the loads which are connected distantly from the distributed generators. The feasibility of the proposed technique is validated in time domain simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. The MATLAB R2020b version 9.9 is used in this research work.
Modelling IoT Behaviour in Supply Chain Business Processes with BPMN: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abouzid Ihsane , Bekali Younes Karfa , Saidi Rajaa
Published: December 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables to connect physical world to digital processes, allowing real-world data to be fed into business processes. This revolution helps in the making of more informed business decisions as well as the automation and/or improvement of business processes tasks. The successful integration of IoT into business operations is required to realize these benefits. Supporting the modelling of IoT-enhanced business proccesess is the first step toward this goal. Despite the fact that numerous papers studied this topic, it is unclear what the current state of the art is in terms of modelling solutions and gaps. We conduct a systematic literature review in this work to determine how current solutions model IoT into business operations, and whether the standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) has emerged as the de facto standard for business process modelling [20, 26]). The Object Management Group (OMG) developed BPMN, which is now an ISO standard BPMN is already enough for a full modelling of IoT integration, or the extensions are needed. We found and analysed the several existing alternative solutions after reviewing all the literature on this issue. Furthermore, we discuss some key aspects of the planned additions that should be addressed in the near future, such as the absence of standardization.
Machine Learning-Based Approach for Fake News Detection
Authors: Gururaj H. L. , Lakshmi H. , Soundarya B. C. , Flammini Francesco , Janhavi V.
Published: December 2022

In the modern era where the internet is found everywhere and there is rapid adoption of social media which has led to the spread of information that was never seen within human history before. This is due to the usage of social media platforms where consumers are creating and sharing more information where most of them are misleading with no relevance with reality. Classifying the text article automatically as misinformation is a bit challenging task. This development addresses how automated classification of text articles can be done. We use a machine learning approach for the classification of news articles. Our study involves exploring different textual properties that may be often used to distinguish fake contents from real ones. By using those properties, can train the model with different machine learning algorithms and evaluate their performances. The classifier with the best performance is used to build the classification model which predicts the reliability of the news articles present in the dataset.
Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry based on double birefringent crystals of beam displacer
Authors: Zhu Yahui , Tian Ailing , Yuan Hang , Liu Bingcai , Wang Hongjun , Ren Kexin , Zhang Yuwen , Wang Kai , Wang Siqi
Published: December 2022

A quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI) is proposed based on double birefringent crystals of a beam displacer (DBCs-BD). The DBCs-BD is formed by adopting two birefringent crystals of a polarization beam displacer (PBD), which can generate the lateral shearing interference waves of four beams of overlapped replicas in the DBCs-BD orthogonal directions. When the replica waves are overlapped incident to the analyzer, and the direction of the transmission axis is set as 45° or 135°, the QWLSI’s polarization interferogram can be obtained. The high-precision phase can be obtained by simple spectrum denoising and performing the Fourier transform of the resulting interferogram. We deduce the principle of QWLSI in detail, and the wavefront distribution can be achieved by the phase calculation. The experiment shows that the DBCs-BD-QWLSI exhibits feasibility and high precision.
Design of the quadrangular prism beam splitting receiving system in the MEMS-based scanning LIDAR
Authors: Lee Xiaobao , Zhou Weilong , Huang Zhuomian
Published: December 2022

The detector bandwidth and photosensitive surface aperture are the key
parameters in the high-precision and high-definition scanning 3D
imaging LIDAR system, which usually require a high detector bandwidth
and large photosensitive surface aperture. In order to solve the
problem of a high bandwidth and small photosensitive surface of
existing InGaAs detectors, this paper proposes a beam splitting method
using a pair of quadrangular prisms to realize beam splitting the
reception of return laser beams, which increases both the receiving
field of view (FOV) and the effective photosensitive surface of the
detector. The principle and structure of the prism beam splitter are
discussed; a beam splitting receiving optical system with a pair of
quadrangular prisms is presented, and the beam splitting effect
verified by its simulation experiment is analyzed. With this novel, to
the best of our knowledge, light splitting receiving method, the
receiving FOV can be effectively increased to

±

5
∘

, and the effective photosensitive
surface aperture of the detector can be increased from 0.5 to
1.0 mm.
Ultrasonic nitrogen jet-assisted femtosecond laser processing of quartz chips
Authors: Wang You , Wang Yun , Dai Yutang , Mumtaz Farhan
Published: December 2022

Femtosecond (Fs) laser micromachining is the most effective and flexible method for edge-cutting or transforming the physical properties of various crystalline brittle materials. Fs-laser micro-machining produces slag on the residual surface of micro-structures that reduces the quality and processing efficiency of a machined residual surface. In order to overcome the challenges overlaid during the processing of brittle materials, Fs-laser assisted ultrasonic nitrogen jet micro-machining technique is proposed. The method was applied to quartz chips to investigate improvements in surface quality after laser processing. For conceptualizations, an ultrasonic nitrogen nozzle based on a piezoelectric transducer was designed and Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to realize the transition of a flow field. An experiment was performed that differentiate the quality of micro-grooves into quartz chips, and the results promote the significance of Fs-laser-assisted ultrasonic nitrogen jet micromachining for the processing of brittle materials. Besides, the machining quality at residual surfaces of quartz chips after laser processing was substantially improved. The process provides an aid to break down the slag into further tiny nano-particles and prevent a recast layer, meanwhile, it enhances the surface quality and processing efficiency without implementing any extensive procedure.
Interpulse stimulation Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Minjian , Zhang Yujia , Chen Xinyi , Li Yan , Wei Haoyun
Published: December 2022

Exploiting the time-resolving ability of ultrafast pulses, Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FT-CARS) stands out among the coherent Raman spectroscopic techniques for providing high-speed vibrational spectra with high spectral resolution, high Raman intensity, and immunity to nonresonant background. However, the impulsive stimulation nature of FT-CARS imposes heavy demands on the laser source and makes it inherently difficult to monitor high-frequency vibrations. Here, a novel FT-CARS strategy to our knowledge based on interpulse stimulation is proposed to provide more flexible measuring wavenumber region and lighten the requirement on ultrafast pulses. The mechanism of this technique is analyzed theoretically, and simulation is performed to show an orders-of-magnitude improvement of Raman intensity in the high-wavenumber region by the method. Experimentally, an ytterbium-doped fiber laser and photonic crystal fiber-based solitons are employed to provide two

∼
100
-
fs

pulses as the pump and Stokes, respectively, and to perform interpulse stimulation FT-CARS without sophisticated dispersion control devices. The high-wavenumber region and upper-part fingerprint region measurements are demonstrated as examples of flexible measurement. Combined with other rapid scanning techniques, such as resonant scanners or a dual-comb scheme, this interpulse stimulation FT-CARS promises to make the fascinating FT-CARS available for any desired wavenumber region, covering many more realistic scenarios for biomedical, pathological, and environmental research.
Interband cascade technology for energy-efficient mid-infrared free-space communication
Authors: Didier Pierre , Knötig Hedwig , Spitz Olivier , Cerutti Laurent , Lardschneider Anna , Awwad Elie , Diaz-Thomas Daniel , Baranov A. N. , Weih Robert , Koeth Johannes , Schwarz Benedikt , Grillot Frédéric
Published: December 2022

Space-to-ground high-speed transmission is of utmost importance for the development of a worldwide broadband network. Mid-infrared wavelengths offer numerous advantages for building such a system, spanning from low atmospheric attenuation to eye-safe operation and resistance to inclement weather conditions. We demonstrate a full interband cascade system for high-speed transmission around a wavelength of 4.18 µm. The low-power consumption of both the laser and the detector in combination with a large modulation bandwidth and sufficient output power makes this technology ideal for a free-space optical communication application. Our proof-of-concept experiment employs a radio-frequency optimized Fabry–Perot interband cascade laser and an interband cascade infrared photodetector based on a type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice. The bandwidth of the system is evaluated to be around 1.5 GHz. It allows us to achieve data rates of 12 Gbit/s with an on–off keying scheme and 14 Gbit/s with a 4-level pulse amplitude modulation scheme. The quality of the transmission is enhanced by conventional pre- and post-processing in order to be compatible with standard error-code correction.
MERCADO DE CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO NA PERSPECTIVA DA GOVERNANÇA CLIMÁTICA TRANSNACIONAL: EXPERIÊNCIAS DO BRASIL E DA COLÔMBIA
Authors: Bodnar Zenildo , Valencia Hernández Javier Gonzaga
Published: December 2022

Contextualización: Este artículo aborda el mercado de créditos de carbono desde la perspectiva de la gobernanza climática transnacional, centrándose en la experiencia de Brasil y Colombia. El problema central de la investigación radica en las dificultades de implementación del nuevo instrumento, considerando la diversidad de ordenamientos jurídicos y la forma de diseñar los institutos tradicionales más orientados hacia la perspectiva punitiva y reactiva del daño ambiental. Todo esto combinado con la falta de reglas normativas específicas a nivel internacional, incluyendo la definición de criterios para la certificación.
Objetivo: El objetivo general del artículo es describir el marco regulatorio actual del mercado de créditos de carbono regulado y voluntario, en el contexto de la gobernanza transnacional, con énfasis en las experiencias de Brasil y Colombia.
Metodología: Para llevar a cabo este artículo, utilizaremos el método deductivo con una revisión bibliográfica, con el fin de establecer correlaciones entre hechos y conceptos relevantes al tema abordado y buscando explicar las implicaciones lógicas y empíricas que surgen de estas correlaciones.
Resultados: En el formato de economía capitalista de sostenibilidad ambiental y económica de los mercados de carbono, vemos que los créditos de carbono o sistema de comercio de emisiones han sido un fracaso, porque su objetivo era que sirviera como mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio, pero los informes del IPPC (2022) nos indican que los GEI han aumentado y que las soluciones propuestas por los gobiernos del mundo para detener el cambio climático están equivocadas, entre ellos los mercados de carbono.
Intra-individual comparison of two-dimensional shear wave elastography techniques using plane wave imaging and the multi-beam technique: are they interchangeable in measuring liver fibrosis?
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Yoon Jeong Hee , Joo Ijin , Lee Jeong Min
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study compared two different two-dimensional shear wave elastography techniques—plane wave imaging (PWI) and multi-beam (MB) imaging—from the same vendor to evaluate liver fibrosis.Methods: In this prospective study, 42 patients with chronic liver disease who had recently undergone magnetic resonance elastography (<3 months) were enrolled, and their liver stiffness (LS) values were measured using PWI or MB. The LS values (kPa) were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Inter-technique reproducibility and intra-observer repeatability were assessed using Bland-Altman analysis with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) and coefficients of variation (CVs). The cutoff values for predicting severe fibrosis (≥F3) were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, with magnetic resonance elastography as the reference standard.Results: PWI exhibited technical failure in four patients. Therefore, 38 patients underwent both examinations. The LS values showed moderate agreement between PWI and MB (CV, 22.5%) and 95% LOA of -3.71 to 7.44 kPa. The MB technique showed good intra-observer agreement (CV, 8.1%), while PWI showed moderate agreement (CV, 11.0%). The cutoff values of PWI and MB for diagnosing ≥F3 were 12.3 kPa and 13.8 kPa, respectively, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.89 and 0.95 (sensitivity, 100% and 100%; specificity, 65.6% and 85.7%).Conclusion: The LS values significantly differed between PWI and MB, hindering their interchangeable use in longitudinal follow-up. Considering its low technical failure rate and better repeatability, the MB technique may be preferable for evaluating liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease patients.
A reconstrução do território a partir de assentamentos rurais: o caso do assentamento Ramada - RS
Authors: Buth Fernanda , Corrêa Walquíria Krüger
Published: December 2022

A atual configuração territorial do campo brasileiro resulta da luta entre

classes e tende a ser alterada em função das desigualdades sociais geradas pelo modo de

produção capitalista. Neste contexto, objetiva-se analisar o papel dos assentamentos na

reconstrução do território através da introdução de elementos novos no campo,

responsáveis por uma reconfiguração do espaço rural. Para tanto, elegeu-se como objeto

de estudo o Assentamento Ramada, localizado no Município de Júlio de Castilhos - RS.

Constatou-se que o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra - MST -

reterritorializa os sem-terra, desterritorializados pelo sistema capitalista e, estes, através

dos assentamentos, criam novos territórios inserindo elementos novos no espaço rural.

Embora não encerrem a problemática agrária, os assentamentos lançam as bases para a

mudança da sociedade, alertando para a necessidade de se elaborar políticas públicas

que contemplem prioritariamente a produção familiar.
Pesquisa de campo: uma experiência na bacia do rio Guajú - PB/RN
Authors: Hunka Pavla Goulart , Alonso Sérgio Fernades , Vianna Pedro Costa Guedes
Published: December 2022

O texto relata uma experiência de pesquisa de campo realizada no período de Estágio Docência, na disciplina de "Planejamento e Gestão Geo-ambiental", do Departamento de Geociências da Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB. A unidade territorial explorada, foi a bacia hidrográfica do rio Guajú, localizada em área de influência da monocultura da cana-de-açúcar.
Resenha do livro: O trabalho de saber: cultura camponesa e escola rural
Authors: Martinello André Souza
Published: December 2022

Apresenta-se uma Resenha crítica da obra: "O Trabalho de Saber" de Carlos Rodrigues Brandão. Embora os estudos de campo do autor tenham ocorrido na localidade estudada na décade de 1980, a publicação do seu material e os debates são posteriores... aparecem com maior força na década de 1990. Algumas problemáticas lançadas por Brandão somente agora começam a ser investigadas com maior atenção por geógrafos, historiadores e mesmo outros cientistas sociais/humanos. A contribuição de Brandão é fundamental para pesquisas do campo brasileiro, principalmente da cultura camponesa e das relações sociais no meio rural/agrícola.
A contribuição teórico-metodológica da "Vª Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Estudios Agrarios y Agroindustriales"
Authors: Chelotti Marcelo Cervo
Published: December 2022

O presente relato de experiência destaca a estrutura, bem como as contribuições teórico-metodológicas das "V Jornadas Interdisciplinarias de Estudios Agrarios y Agroindustriales", evento organizado a cada dois anos, que aconteceu de 7 a 9 de novembro de 2007 na Universidade de Buenos Aires (UBA), sob responsabilidade da Faculdade de Economia, onde estiveram presentes centenas de pesquisadores latino-americanos.
O protesto no campo argentino: observações e impressões
Authors: Chelotti Marcelo Cervo
Published: December 2022

A partir de duas experiências vividas a campo, durante os recentes protestos do

setor agropecuário argentino, gostaria de compartilhar minhas impressões sobre o tema,

obtidas durante um estágio realizado na Universidade de Buenos Aires (UBA). Os

protestos permanecem latentes, necessitando de reflexões sobre qual modelo de

desenvolvimento deverá seguir o campo argentino.
Campesinato e agronegócio na América Latina: a questão agrária atual
Authors: Carvalho Filho José Juliano de
Published: December 2022

Esta é uma publicação muito importante para o debate sobre a questão Agrária na América Latina. Confronta o domínio do pensamento único sobre o tema desenvolvimento rural.
Cidades e Sertões: entre história e a memória.
Authors: Martinello André Souza
Published: December 2022

Há uma tendência brasileira em tratar negativamente os espaços não apresentados como urbanos. Gilmar Arruda investiga muito bem, por que o interior não urbanizado do País fora descrito (adjetivos que permanecem ainda em determinadas situações), como: incivilizado, atrasado e habitado por pessoas inferiores as escalas sociais estabelecidas. Por que em determinados momentos os discursos buscam "recuperar", resgatar, arrumar ou modernizar os territórios considerados Sertões? Em quais contextos é comum escutarmos que a burocracia brasileira não possui simpatia pela proposta de "interiorizar-se", preferindo o litoral, sejam eles juízes, políticos, funcionários de alto escalão ou professores do magistério, repetindo a concentração qual 'caranguejos' em torno da praia e com as costas para o interior, na conhecida expressão de Frei Vicente Salvador.
Entre a Ferrovia do Diabo e o Trem Fantasma: uma viagem pela história da Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamoré
Authors: Souza Murilo Mendonça Oliveira de
Published: December 2022

Esta narrativa refere-se às reflexões resultantes de uma viagem realizada durante sete dias do mês de fevereiro de 2009, às margens da antiga Estrada de Ferro Madeira Mamoré (EFMM). Apresento aqui as observações e impressões a partir de diálogos informais com ribeirinhos, garimpeiros, camponeses e outros moradores das margens da antiga ferrovia. No contexto geral, busquei traçar uma reflexão sobre a importância histórica da estrada de ferro e os acontecimentos atuais, em especial, ligados à construção das Usinas Hidrelétricas do vale do rio Madeira.
Reflexões paradigmáticas sobre a questão agrária no Brasil: dissídios e consensos
Authors: Dourado José Aparecido Lima
Published: December 2022

O presente artigo trata das contradições teóricas existentes acerca das interpretações e/ou paradigmas acerca dos estudos agrários no Brasil, de maneira a compreender a multiplicidade conceitual que circunscreve as correntes que se encarregam de abordar a temática. É, pois, uma tentativa de destacar os aspectos conflitantes que envolvem os estudos sobre a geografia agrária, de maneira a trazer para o centro do diálogo as concepções das matrizes teóricas marxista-leninista e chayanoviana, cujas abordagens debatem sobre as possibilidades e condicionantes que perpassam o campesinato no capitalismo. Cabe uma advertência, pois, não abordarei aqui todas as nuances que envolvem as interpretações sobre o desenvolvimento do capitalismo no campo, pois darei ênfase às principais teses sobre a expansão do capitalismo agrário no Brasil.
Transformações técnico-científicas na agricultura e o papel do Estado na especialização produtiva do arroz em Santa Catarina
Authors: Rocha Fernando Goulart
Published: December 2022

As políticas para a agricultura da última metade do século XX no território brasileiro foram encaminhadas com o objetivo de promover as mudanças na base técnica, promovendo a produção de alimentos em larga escala para atender ao mercado de trabalhadores urbanos e financiar a adoção de novas tecnologias de produção nas lavouras. No campo catarinense, em particular, a especialização na rizicultura refletiu na envergadura dos processos produtivos, os quais subsidiaram e permitiram a intensificação dos fluxos de bens e capital em âmbito intra e inter-regional.
A organização da agricultura familiar de base agroecológica em Pelotas/RS
Authors: Finatto Roberto Antônio , Corrêa Walquiria Kruger
Published: December 2022

A agroecologia emergiu como uma estratégia de produção na agricultura familiar que concilia geração de renda, preservação ambiental e valorização social do agricultor. A agricultura familiar tornou-se o principal lócus para o desenvolvimento deste sistema de produção, visto que, as características particulares da organização familiar melhor comportam os princípios e práticas agroecológicas. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de organização do sistema de produção agrícola de base agroecológica no município de Pelotas, evidenciando seu significado para a reprodução da agricultura familiar. Para a efetivação da pesquisa adotaram-se os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: realização de entrevistas (semi-estruturadas) com os agricultores familiares de base agroecológica e os informantes qualificados do município que desenvolvem atividades voltadas à produção agroecológica, visitas às unidades de produção e cooperativas no município. O sistema de produção agroecológico começou a se desenvolver em Pelotas na década de 1980 envolvendo, inicialmente, um número reduzido de agricultores. Com o avanço das iniciativas ocorreu à  organização dos produtores em associação e cooperativas. A agroecologia tornou-se uma alternativa de renda viável, possibilitando reduzir os impactos ambientais e os riscos em relação à saúde dos agricultores e dos consumidores. Sendo assim, existem possibilidades de expansão da agroecologia, mas, para tanto, se faz necessário maior apoio do poder público.
Movimentos sociais rurais e a luta política frente ao modelo de desenvolvimento do agronegócio no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Raphael Medina , Cleps Junior João
Published: December 2022

Desde a década de 1990 a atuação de corporações transnacionais ligadas aos negócios agrícolas ganhou relevo no Brasil, num movimento de expansão da agricultura capitalista que delineou, desde então, uma nova etapa de modernização técnica da agricultura no país, designada como agronegócio. Por outro lado esse processo compreende subordinações, resistências e respostas dos trabalhadores rurais, camponeses e suas organizações políticas, frente a esse novo cenário desenhado para a agricultura brasileira. Este artigo busca contextualizar e discutir a luta política que envolve os movimentos sociais rurais do país, à luz de um elemento relevante no foco de suas mobilizações na esfera pública a partir de meados da década de 1990: os embates, os enfrentamentos e as resistências frente ao modelo do agronegócio. No Brasil, o exemplo mais notável desse perfil de mobilização social ocorre nas principais organizações vinculadas Ã  Via Campesina. Dessas, o MST se destaca graças ao alcance expressivo de sua atuação manifestada em discursos, notas públicas, entrevistas e demais estratégias, que se propagam no cenário público nacional, como também por ações diretas em que a pauta de denúncia e contestação ao agronegócio se pronuncia.
O desafio da permanência na terra: comercialização de posses e reprodução dos modos de vida nos assentamentos de reforma agrária do Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Cruz Nelson Ney Dantas , Santos Rosselvelt José
Published: December 2022

Reforma Agrária não é um processo que se desenvolve única e exclusivamente pela força política de um governo. Outras forças que emergem da luta e dos conflitos sociais, materializados por grupos que caminham e reivindicam a possibilidade de uma vida melhor, a partir da luta e conquista da terra, também devem ser considerados como forças políticas importantíssimas para que a Reforma seja colocada em prática. A existência de tais forças aponta para a necessidade de se compreender o conteúdo cultural dos grupos sociais que produzem e reproduzem o espaço dos assentamentos a partir de suas experiências de vida, sendo a venda da posse de lotes uma característica enigmática e contraditória, que aparentemente se contrasta com os direcionamentos governamentais para a Reforma Agrária. O artigo que se segue aborda a produção e reprodução dos modos de vida, dentro de uma perspectiva geográfica cultural, para se compreender as influências diretas e indiretas que se fazem presentes na comercialização das posses de lotes no Projeto de Assentamento Divisa, localizado no Triângulo Mineiro, no município de Ituiutaba-MG.
Concentração nas atividades agropecuárias de Goiás entre 1996-2006: implicações para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável
Authors: Teixeira Luciene Pires , Belchior Ernandes Barboza , Sousa Tito Carlos Rocha de , Moreira José Mauro Magalhães Ávila Paz
Published: December 2022

O estudo procura avaliar as transformações estruturais na agropecuária de Goiás na última década, destacando a elevada concentração do uso da terra e sua sensível piora entre 1996 e 2006. Em 2006, os pequenos estabelecimentos (com até 200 hectares) somaram 81,85% e 19,79% da área de cultivo e criação. As Curvas de Lorenz e os Coeficientes de Gini calculados mostram maior assimetria nas atividades de florestas plantadas e lavouras temporárias. Goiás tem 65,2% dos estabelecimentos dirigidos por produtores familiares com posse de apenas 13% da área de cultivo, mas que empregam 68,37% da mão-de-obra rural. Em contraste, as grandes propriedades geram apenas 14,36% dos postos de trabalho. O modelo agrário e as políticas de crédito rural adotados ajudam a explicar a elevada concentração fundiária. Uma alternativa plausível para mitigar tais contrastes é apoiar mais efetivamente a agricultura familiar e os produtores rurais de menor porte, que têm importante papel na produção agrícola para o atendimento do mercado interno e na geração de renda e emprego para a população rural. Esta pode ser uma estratégia de desenvolvimento capaz de promover sistemas produtivos locais mais eficientes e de proporcionar uma maior igualdade econômico-social no estado.
A educação ambiental em meio às relações entre o rural e o urbano no entorno do Parque Estadual dos Três Picos, Teresópolis-RJ
Authors: Domingues Gabriel de Mendonça , Pinto Vicente Paulo dos Santos
Published: December 2022

A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Teresópolis-RJ, junto às comunidades de Canoas, Prata dos Aredes e Varginha, situadas no entorno do Parque Estadual dos Três Picos - PETP, maior unidade de conservação administrada pelo Instituto Estadual do Ambiente - Inea. O objetivo principal foi analisar, sob a perspectiva dos diferentes atores locais, as transformações socioculturais e espaciais que ocorrem na localidade a partir da chegada dos moradores de origem urbana, confrontando as diferentes visões de mundo e explicitando os desafios colocados ao trabalho de educação ambiental junto a essas comunidades. O estudo das interações entre as pessoas de origem rural e urbana deixa clara a importância da educação ambiental, operada pela via dialógica, para a superação das diferenças e para a viabilização de um modelo de desenvolvimento local que atenda às necessidades da população local e aos objetivos de conservação dos recursos naturais propostos pelo PETP. Para a realização da pesquisa, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa e utilizados métodos da observação participante, entrevistas não estruturadas e semi-estruturadas, buscando ressaltar nos depoimentos dos diferentes moradores suas percepções acerca das transformações no espaço rural observadas nas últimas décadas, bem como do papel das instituições locais na promoção do desenvolvimento socioambiental das comunidades estudadas.
Descentralização e poder na gestão da água de irrigação: o caso da bacia do rio Calchaqui no Departamento de San Carlos, Província de Salta, Argentina
Authors: Villarreal Federico , Manzanal Mabel
Published: December 2022

La descentralización cobró importancia como política pública en Argentina asociada a las reformas del Estado implementadas durante la década de 1990. Sin embargo, la administración del agua de riego en la provincia de Salta (Argentina) ha pasado por periodos descentralizados y centralizados desde la conformación misma del estado, sin que desde entonces se haya modificado sustancialmente la estructura de poder históricamente presente en el territorio. En este trabajo y a través de un  conflicto por el agua de riego que lleva casi 200 años, se observa que la descentralización habilitó la concentración del poder y de los recursos y mantuvo, e incluso aumentó, la desigualdad social y económica presente en el ámbito local de la cuenca del río Calchaquí (en el Departamento de San Carlos, Salta).