bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing antineoplastic agents that target peroxisomal enzymes: cytisine-linked isoflavonoids as inhibitors of hydroxysteroid 17-beta-dehydrogenase-4 (HSD17B4)
Authors: Frasinyuk Mykhaylo S. , Zhang Wen , Wyrebek Przemyslaw , Yu Tianxin , Xu Xuehe , Sviripa Vitaliy M. , Bondarenko Svitlana P. , Xie Yanqi , Ngo Huy X. , Morris Andrew J. , Mohler James L. , Fiandalo Michael V. , Watt David S. , Liu Chunming
Published: August 2017

Cytisine-linked isoflavonoids (CLIFs) inhibit cancer cells by targeting the peroxisomal enzyme HSD17B4.
Stereodivergent Mannich reaction of bis(trimethylsilyl)ketene acetals with N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines by Lewis acid or Lewis base activation, a one-pot protocol to obtain chiral β-amino acids
Authors: Cantú-Reyes Margarita , Alvarado-Beltrán Isabel , Ballinas-Indilí Ricardo , Álvarez-Toledano Cecilio , Hernández-Rodríguez Marcos
Published: August 2017

Synthesis of chiral β2,2,3-amino acids. Either Lewis acid or Lewis base promote the reaction, surprisingly, each activation afford different enantiomer.
Phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation reaction: highly regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonene-1,3-diones
Authors: Luo Wenjun , Hu Haiwen , Nian Sanfei , Qi Liang , Ling Fei , Zhong Weihui
Published: August 2017

A novel method for phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of γ-substituted allenoates with succinimides was developed, which was successfully applied to the synthesis of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonene-1,3-diones derivatives in 50–96% yield, with high regio- and diastereoselectivities.
CuIIcomplex of emodin with improved anticancer activity as demonstrated by its performance on HeLa and Hep G2 cells
Authors: Mandal Bitapi , Singha Soumen , Dey Sanjoy Kumar , Mazumdar Swagata , Kumar Sanjay , Karmakar Parimal , Das Saurabh
Published: August 2017

Structure of CuIIcomplex of emodin was solved from PXRD data. [CuII(emod)2]2−binds DNA better than emodin. Thermodynamic parameters for binding were found. Complex performs better than emodin on HeLa & Hep G2 cells; not affecting WI 38 normal cells.
The water gas shift reaction over Pt–CeO2 nanoparticles confined within mesoporous SBA-16
Authors: Carta D. , Montini T. , Casula M. F. , Monai M. , Bullita S. , Fornasiero P. , Corrias A.
Published: August 2017

Pt–CeO2 nanoparticles confined in mesoporous silica SBA-16 as successful catalysts for the single step, low temperature water gas shift reaction.
Emerging two-dimensional halide perovskite nanomaterials
Authors: Dou Letian
Published: August 2017

This article highlights recent developments of an emerging family of nanomaterials: two-dimensional halide perovskites.
Structural properties of the thermoelectric material CuCrS2 and of deintercalated CuxCrS2 on different length scales: X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function and transmission electron microscopy studies
Authors: Hansen Anna-Lena , Dankwort Torben , Groß Hendrik , Etter Martin , König Jan , Duppel Viola , Kienle Lorenz , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: August 2017

Structural properties of the thermoelectric materials CuCrS2 and CuxCrS2 on different length scales.
RCS reduction for grazing incidence based on coding metasurface
Authors: Zhou Yulong , Cao Xiang‐yu , Gao Jun , Li Sijia , Liu Xiao
Published: August 2017

A coding metasurface is proposed for reducing radar cross section (RCS) under grazing incidence. Two elements with different reflection phases are selected for the metasurface, and 7 × 7 artificial magnetic conductor unit cells are utilised to construct a metamaterial block. Then the arrangement of blocks is optimised by particle swarm algorithm (PSA). The phase difference between two elements contributes to RCS reduction under grazing incidence. The obtained results demonstrate that a wideband RCS reduction is achieved by the coding metasurface ranging from 6 to 13 GHz. In addition, the monostatic RCS reduction is also achieved under a grazing incidence. For x‐polarised incidence, the monostatic RCS reduction is >6 dB from 77° to 90°. For y‐polarised incidence, the monostatic RCS reduction is >6 dB from 69° to 80°, and the maximum reduction is 17.5 dB under the 75° incident angle.
Design and implementation of active neutral‐point‐clamped nine‐level reduced device count inverter: an application to grid integrated renewable energy sources
Authors: N Sandeep , Yaragatti Udaykumar R.
Published: August 2017

Multilevel inverters are one of the preferred choices in medium‐voltage and high‐power applications in the recent past. Active neutral‐point‐clamped (ANPC) inverter is the most popular topology, especially in the class of five‐level (5L) inverters. In this study, a nine‐level topology with improved output waveform quality is proposed based on ameliorating the 5L ANPC inverter with least modifications. The addition of only two switches operating at line frequency to the conventional 5L ANPC inverter while maintaining an identical precursor part count is the proposed modification. A logic form equation‐based active voltage balancing scheme that is independent of load current and power factor is developed to regulate the flying capacitor voltage at the reference value. The operating principle, salient features, and the developed control scheme are comprehensively detailed. The operation of the proposed inverter considering a grid integrated case is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results corresponding to steady‐state and dynamic conditions are presented. The benefits of the proposed topology are elucidated by comparing it with other classic topologies considering various prominent viewpoints. This comparison has illustrated the proposed topology's distinctive characteristics and profound advantages. The performance validation, feasibility, and practicability of the proposed inverter are established through the experimental results obtained from a laboratory‐scale prototype.
Adaptive beamforming algorithms with robustness against steering vector mismatch of signals
Authors: Liu Jiangbo , Xie Wei , Gui Guan , Zhang Qing , Zou Yanbin , Wan Qun
Published: August 2017

Three novel adaptive beamforming algorithms are developed to mitigate the steering vector (SV) random errors of both the desired signal and interferences. With the use of iterative robust Capon beamforming technique, each interference's SV is estimated first, and then the interference‐plus‐noise covariance matrix is reconstructed according to its definition. To accurately estimate the signal of interest's (SOI's) SV, the authors introduce three new methods, which are based on the techniques of the second‐order cone programming, the eigendecomposition and the oracle approximating shrinkage. For the proposed beamformers, only the prior information about the array geometry and the SOI's angular sector are needed. The main advantage is that the proposed methods are robust against a variety of SV mismatches. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive beamformers.
The impact of clustering and angular resolution on far-infrared and millimeter continuum observations
Authors: Béthermin Matthieu , Wu Hao-Yi , Lagache Guilaine , Davidzon Iary , Ponthieu Nicolas , Cousin Morgane , Wang Lingyu , Doré Olivier , Daddi Emanuele , Lapi Andrea
Published: August 2017

Follow-up observations at high-angular resolution of bright submillimeter galaxies selected from deep extragalactic surveys have shown that the single-dish sources are comprised of a blend of several galaxies. Consequently, number counts derived from low- and high-angular-resolution observations are in tension. This demonstrates the importance of resolution effects at these wavelengths and the need for realistic simulations to explore them. We built a new 2 deg2 simulation of the extragalactic sky from the far-infrared to the submillimeter. It is based on an updated version of the 2SFM (two star-formation modes) galaxy evolution model. Using global galaxy properties generated by this model, we used an abundance-matching technique to populate a dark-matter lightcone and thus simulate the clustering. We produced maps from this simulation and extracted the sources, and we show that the limited angular resolution of single-dish instruments has a strong impact on (sub)millimeter continuum observations. Taking into account these resolution effects, we are reproducing a large set of observables, as number counts and their evolution with redshift and cosmic infrared background power spectra. Our simulation consistently describes the number counts from single-dish telescopes and interferometers. In particular, at 350 and 500 μm, we find that the number counts measured by Herschel between 5 and 50 mJy are biased towards high values by a factor ~2, and that the redshift distributions are biased towards low redshifts. We also show that the clustering has an important impact on the Herschel pixel histogram used to derive number counts from P(D) analysis. We find that the brightest galaxy in the beam of a 500 μm Herschel source contributes on average to only ~60% of the Herschel flux density, but that this number will rise to ~95% for future millimeter surveys on 30 m-class telescopes (e.g., NIKA2 at IRAM). Finally, we show that the large number density of red Herschel sources found in observations but not in models might be an observational artifact caused by the combination of noise, resolution effects, and the steepness of color- and flux density distributions. Our simulation, called Simulated Infrared Dusty Extragalactic Sky (SIDES), is publicly available.
Macauba: a promising tropical palm for the production of vegetable oil
Authors: Colombo Carlos Augusto , Chorfi Berton Luiz Henrique , Diaz Brenda Gabriela , Ferrari Roseli Aparecida
Published: August 2017

The growing global demand for vegetable oils for food and for replacing fossil fuels leads to increased oilseeds production. Almost 122 of the current 187 million tons of vegetable oils produced in the world correspond to palm and soybean oils. The oil palm is cultivated in the tropical zone, in areas formerly occupied by forests, and soybean oil is a by-product of protein meal production. The diversification of raw materials for the vegetable oil market is thus strategic for both food and non-food sectors. Sources for vegetable oil should be economically competitive and provide sustainability indexes higher than that provided by oil palm and soybean. In this context, we describe the potential ofAcrocomia aculeata, popularly known as macauba. Macauba is an American palm from the tropical zones which presents oil productivity and quality similar to that of the oil palm. It grows spontaneously in a wide range of environments and it is not very water demanding. Macauba palm has a high potential for oil production and for diversification of co-products with some potential of value aggregation. Such a perennial and sustainable species will probably fulfill the requirements to become an important new commercial oilseed crop.
Sleep in Autism
Authors: Malow Beth , Maxwell-Horn Angela
Published: August 2017

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has increased in prevalence over the last several decades. A significant proportion of children with ASD have comorbid sleep disorders. The interplay between ASD and sleep is multifactorial and bidirectional. There is evidence for physiological differences in ASD that contribute to sleep problems, including sensory overresponsiveness (SOR) and abnormal melatonin production. Comorbidities associated with ASD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], mood disorders) as well as medications used to treat these comorbidities often have effects on sleep architecture. In this article the authors discuss the etiology and manifestations of sleep disorders in children with ASD, as well as their clinical evaluation and treatment options.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Overweight Patients: Do Obesity and BMI Affect Implant Positioning, Outcomes, and Complications?
Authors: Monestier Luca , Calvi Marco , Vulcano Ettore , Cherubino Mario , Harwin Steven , Surace Michele
Published: August 2017

Obesity is one of the most problematic issues for health organizations worldwide because of its relationship with several chronic diseases. It is also demonstrated to increase early onset of hip arthritis, consequently leading to early failure of implants of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of the study was to assess the influence of obesity on the positioning of prosthetic components and potential complications. A total of 312 patients underwent THA from 2006 to 2015 at our institute. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon (M.F.S.). As indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), our population was stratified on the basis of body mass index (BMI): Four underweight, 112 nonobese, 131 overweight, 51 grade-1 obese, 10 grade-2 obese, and 4 grade-3 obese patients were included. No superobese patients were reported. The population was assessed clinically (implant survival, surgery time, blood loss, and complications) as well as radiologically (femoral offset, cup abduction and anteversion, and periacetabular osteolysis). Higher cup inclination (48.70 vs. 45.94 degrees), surgical time (86 vs. 80 min), and total blood losses (1,026 vs. 761 mL) were reported in overweight/obese patients (p < 0.01). Statistical analysis documented a significant relationship between obesity and cup inclination, surgical time, intraoperative and total blood losses, as well as BMI and age at surgery (p < 0.05). The overall correct positioning of prosthetic components is not significantly related to obesity. Although maintained in the “safe zone,” cup abduction, blood loss, and operative time tend to significantly increase with BMI.
Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study on 943 Cases in Sardinian People
Authors: Doria Carlo , Mosele Giulia , Badessi Francesca , Puddu Leonardo , Caggiari Gianfilippo
Published: August 2017

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of adhesive capsulitis (AC) of the shoulder in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Sardinia.

Methods In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 943 patients with T1DM attending the division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the University Hospital in Sassari, Italy. The criteria for diagnosing AC were: pain for at least 1 month, inability to lie on the affected shoulder, and restricted active and passive shoulder joint movements in at least three planes. Age, gender, duration of DM, blood pressure, and presence of neuropathy and retinopathy were noted. Metabolic control of DM was evaluated with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA1c) blood concentrations.

Results AC was diagnosed in 331 patients (prevalence: 35.1%). Age, duration of DM, high blood pressure levels, and the presence of neuropathy and retinopathy were significantly associated with AC. No significant association was observed between gender and AC. There was no significant difference in mean levels of GHbA1c in T1DM patients with or without AC.

Conclusion This study shows that AC of the shoulder is a common disorder in patients with T1DM in Sardinia. It is significantly associated with age, duration of DM, and related complications.

Level of Evidence Level IV, observational cross-sectional study.
Relationship between Clinical, MRI, and Arthroscopic Findings: A Guide to Correct Diagnosis of Meniscal Tears
Authors: Antinolfi P. , Cristiani R. , Manfreda F. , Bruè S. , Sarakatsianos V. , Placella G. , Bartoli M. , Caraffa A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to compare and correlate clinical, MRI, and arthroscopic findings in cases of suspected meniscal tears. Using arthroscopic findings as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of clinical investigation and MRI were evaluated to determine if is possible, after a careful examination, to bypass MRI and perform directly arthroscopy in suspected cases.

Methods A total of 80 patients with a history of knee trauma, preoperative RX, and MRI underwent arthroscopy over an 8-month period at our department. All patients had a clinical examination performed by an experienced knee surgeon. These examiners evaluated and recorded the results of three tests: medial and lateral joint line tenderness test, McMurray's test, and Apley's test. The injury was classified as a meniscal tear if there were at least two positive tests. Finally, using the arthroscopic findings as the gold standard, sensibility, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of clinical examination, and MRI were evaluated and compared.

Results Clinical examination performed by an experienced knee surgeon reported better sensitivity (91 vs. 85%), specificity (87 vs. 75%), accuracy (90 vs. 82%), positive predictive value (94 vs. 88%), and negative predictive value (81 vs. 71%) than MRI for medial meniscal tears. These parameters showed minimal differences for lateral meniscal tears.

Conclusion Clinical examination performed by an experienced knee surgeon provided equal or better results to diagnose meniscal injuries in comparison to MRI. MRI is not necessary to confirm these lesions and should not be used as the primary diagnostic tool.

Level of Evidence Level II, prospective study.
Polyhydramnios or Excessive Fetal Growth Are Markers for Abnormal Perinatal Outcome in Euglycemic Pregnancies
Authors: Crimmins Sarah , Mo Cecilia , Nassar Yomna , Kopelman Jerome , Turan Ozhan
Published: August 2017

Objective This study aims to investigate the perinatal outcome of fetuses with polyhydramnios and/or accelerated growth among women with a normal oral glucose challenge test (oGCT).

Methods Singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies with an oGCT(< 130 mg/dL) at 24 to 28 weeks, who subsequently demonstrate polyhydramnios (amniotic fluid index > 24 cm or maximum vertical pocket > 8 cm) and/or accelerated growth (abdominal circumference > 95th percentile) on two-third trimester examinations were studied. Maternal demographics, delivery, and neonatal information were recorded. Cases were compared with a reference group (normal oGCT with neither abnormal third-trimester growth nor polyhydramnios).

Results A total of 282 pregnancies were in the study group, and 663 were in the reference group. Deliveries in the study group were at a higher risk for birth weight (BW)% > 90%, standard deviation, and postpartum hemorrhage when compared with the reference group (adjusted odds ratio: 2.3–5.6). Pregnancies complicated by both polyhydramnios and accelerated fetal growth were significantly more likely to result in a BW% > 90% (odds ratio [OR]: 18.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9–38.6) and PPH (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.4–7.6).

Conclusion Pregnancies with normal oGCT that develop polyhydramnios and accelerated growth are at higher risk for maternal and neonatal complications. Isolated polyhydramnios without accelerated growth increases the risk for delivery complications but not neonatal morbidity.
Outcome Analysis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Cohort before and after Implementation of Standardized Protocol in a Tertiary Neonatal Unit
Authors: Sur Amitava , Awoseliya Adjemoke , Sharma Alok
Published: August 2017

Despite evolving evidence and increased understanding, there is a strong argument that best outcomes in managing congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients are achieved in centers which have a high admission rate of such patients and follow standardized operating protocols of management. Pneumothorax and air leak syndromes are one of the main causes of pre- and postoperative morbidity in these patients and experts believe that delivery room sedation and gentle ventilation strategies can minimize this. We observed a significant drop in incidence of pneumothorax and reduction of mortality following implementation of standardized guidelines at the neonatal unit at Southampton which is a tertiary-level neonatal care in the southern United Kingdom and a regional referral center for CDH patients.
Ewing's Sarcoma of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Bhattacharjee Meenakshi , Huh Winston , Thapar Vandana , Dahm Paul
Published: August 2017

In this article, we present the case of a 6-year-old female presented to the emergency department with progressive ascending motor weakness leading to cardiac arrest. The recent medical history included neck trauma 1 month prior to admission, 2 weeks of subjective fevers, and 1 day of urinary incontinence. After stabilization, and a review of the recent signs and symptoms, a magnetic resonance imaging of the neck revealed a posterior neck mass from C2 to T2. Neurosurgical removal of the mass was consistent with Ewing's sarcoma. Neck pain is a common presentation in the pediatric population, with the most common cause being traumatic. When coupled with neurological deficits, further studies are warranted to evaluate for organic causes.
Epidermoid Cyst of the IV Ventricle: Case Report
Authors: Ribeiro Washington Clésio da Silva , Camelo Ricardo Macedo , da Silva Josias Inácio , Malta Moana Vergetti , Camelo Rafael Costa , Alves Filho Arnon Castro , Pontes Felipe Gomes de Barros , Porfírio Adans Soares , Oliveira Daniel Fonseca , Ribeiro Bruno Clécio da Silva , Ferreira Alessandro Henrique Rodrigues
Published: August 2017

Epidermoid cysts constitute congenital, benign and rare lesions, corresponding to ∼ 0.2% to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors. Only 5% of the cases are located in the fourth ventricle. Despite their genesis in intrauterine life, they are usually diagnosed between the third and fifth decades of life due to their very slow growth pattern. The image weighted by the diffusion of the magnetic resonance is essential to establish the diagnosis. The ideal treatment consists of emptying the cystic content with complete capsule resection. In the present work, we report the case of a 31-year-old female with cerebellar syndrome that evolved with intracranial hypertension. The symptomatology was due to an obstructive hydrocephalus by an epidermoid cyst located inside the fourth ventricle, which was confirmed by the pathological anatomy.
Neurosarcoidosis Associated with Psychiatric Symptoms: Case Report
Authors: Neves Maick , Aguiar Paulo , Belsuzarri Telmo , Zeviani Wolnei , Mattos João , Navarro Juliano , Marques Renata , Francisco Letícia
Published: August 2017

Background Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease predominant in women and black men that has inflammatory origin of unknown etiology; neurosarcoidosis is a rare and critical presentation of the disease.

Case description A 26-year-old black female presented frontal headache for 1 year, as well as behavioral and mood changes for 15 days. Skull tomography and nuclear magnetic imaging of the skull revealed damaged meninges, a right frontal bone lesion, and an intraparenchymal contrast-enhancing lesion. Screening with computed tomography (CT) scans was performed, and it showed signs of bronchiectasis in the lower third of the right lung, but it was asymptomatic. The biopsy showed signs of reactional lesion with the presence of non-caseating granulomas. After the treatment with corticosteroids, the patient presented progressive improvement.

Conclusions Neurosarcoidosis is a rare and critical pathology of sarcoidosis that presents a lytic bone lesion and clinical psychiatric symptoms; neurosarcoidosis is also rare in the literature.
Die laparoskopische Resektion einer Urachuszyste
Authors: Rohleder Stephan , Gödeke Jan , Münsterer Oliver
Published: August 2017

Zielsetzung Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Schritt für Schritt die laparoskopische Resektion einer Urachuszyste.

Indikation Der Urachus ist eine extraperitoneale Struktur von der Harnblase zum Nabel ziehend. Obliteriert in der Embryonalphase der Allantois nicht vollständig zum Lig. umbilicale medianum, können Urachusfisteln oder Urachuszysten verbleiben. Klinisch fällt häufig ein anhaltend nässender Nabel bis hin zu umbilikalem Urinaustritt auf. Aufgrund von Infektionen und der Gefahr der malignen Entartung im weiteren Verlauf werden Urachusfisteln oder -zysten i. d. R. chirurgisch entfernt.

Methode Beschrieben wird eine laparoskopische Resektion einer Urachuszyste in Rückenlage. Neben einem 3-mm-Kameratrokar im linken Oberbauch werden hierzu ein 3-mm-Trokar im linken Mittelbauch und ein 3-mm-Trokar epigastrisch platziert. Letzterer wird im Verlauf auf 5 mm für eine 5-mm-Clipzange erweitert. Für die Operation verwenden wir zudem eine 3-mm-30°-Optik und einen 3-mm-Monopolarhaken.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Technik der laparoskopischen Resektion von Urachusanomalien, insbesondere bei Urachusfisteln, ist aus unserer Sicht ein geeignetes minimalinvasives Verfahren. Die beschriebene laparoskopische Operationstechnik ermöglicht eine exakte Präparation und Mobilisierung der Fehlbildung unter direkter Sicht und sichere sowie vollständige Abtragung des Urachus unmittelbar am Blasendach.
Duty Rosters and Workloads of Obstetricians in Germany: Results of a Germany-wide Survey
Authors: Neimann Johannes , Knabl Julia , Puppe Julian , Bayer Christian , Gass Paul , Gabriel Lena , Seelbach-Goebel Birgit , Lermann Johannes , Schott Sarah
Published: August 2017

Background Compiling a daily hospital roster which complies with existing laws and tariff regulations and meets the requirements for ongoing professional training while also taking the legal regulations on the health of employees into account makes planning the duty roster a challenge. The aim of this study was to obtain a realistic picture of existing duty roster systems and of the current workloads of obstetricians in Germany.

Method This online survey was sent to 2770 physicians training to become obstetricians or specializing in specific areas of obstetric care. The survey consisted of an anonymized 95-item questionnaire which collected data on different types of duty roster systems and the workload of obstetricians in Germany for the period from 17.02.2015 to 16.05.2015.

Results Out of a total of 2770 physicians who were contacted, 437 (16%) completed the questionnaire. Across all forms of care, the care provided outside normal working hours usually (75%) consisted of a combination of regular working times and on-call duty or even consisted entirely of standby duty. Level I perinatal centers were most likely 20% (n = 88) to have a shift system in place. Working a shift system was significantly more common in care facilities which had previously carried out a job analysis. The number of physicians in hospitals who are present during the night shift was higher in facilities with higher numbers of births and in facilities which offered higher levels of care. In addition to regularly working overtime and the fact that often not all the hours worked were recorded, it was notable that the systems used to compile duty rosters often did not comply with legal regulations or with collectively agreed working hours nor were they compatible with the staff planning requirements.

Outlook The results of this study show that the conditions of work, the working times, and the organization of working times in obstetric departments are in need of improvement. Recording the actual times worked together with an analysis of the activities performed during working times and while on standby would increase the level of transparency for employers and employees.
Epileptischer Anfall oder Synkope?
Authors: Knieß Tobias , Soda Hassan , Kippnich Uwe , Shammas Layal , Rashid Arsanusch
Published: August 2017

Epilepsie ist eine der häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter und eine der häufigsten Diagnosen in neurologischen Kliniken. Im Rettungswesen werden epileptische Anfälle oder klinisch ähnliche suspekte Ereignisse, die nicht zwingend epileptisch sein müssen, unter der Meldediagnose „Krampfanfall“ geführt. Eine sichere diagnostische Einschätzung am Notfallort ist für die Mitarbeiter der Rettungsteams oft erschwert, da Patienten im oder nach einem Anfall in einem verwirrten Zustand sein können oder zum Ereignis eine Amnesie zeigen. Fehldiagnosen liegen bei bis zu 71%. Folge kann eine Über- oder Unterversorgung der Betroffenen sein, die im ungünstigsten Fall eine erhöhte Morbidität oder Mortalität nach sich ziehen kann. Eine verbesserte präklinische Diagnose ist durch eine strukturierte Anamnese durch den Rettungsdienst vor Ort möglich. Der dafür entwickelte Prehospital Epilepsy Emergency Score (PEES) stellt sich mit einer hohen Sensitivität (92%) und Spezifität (94%) als ein geeignetes Werkzeug zur strukturierten Fremdanamnese dar.
Rahmenbedingungen zur Sammlung von „Real-Life“-Daten am Beispiel der Augenklinik der Universität München
Authors: Kortüm Karsten , Kern Christoph , Meyer Gerhard , Priglinger Siegfried , Hirneiß Christoph
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Die Bedeutung der Analyse von Untersuchungsdaten aus der Behandlungsrealität nimmt stetig zu. Gründe hierfür sind u. a. verbesserte Auswertungsmöglichkeiten durch leistungsfähigere Informatiksysteme. Zudem stehen mehr und mehr Daten digital zur Verfügung. Vor einem Projektstart zur Auswertung von Routinedaten, sind technische, personelle, aber vor allem auch (daten-)schutzrechtliche Aspekte zu beachten. In diesem Manuskript werden diese Aspekte anhand eines Beispiels aus der Augenklinik München erarbeitet.

Material und Methoden Es werden die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen anhand der verschiedenen Gesetze sowie Richtlinien zur Dokumentation und zum Datenschutz beleuchtet. Auch die technischen Anforderungen an eine Infrastruktur sowie Software werden definiert. Im Rahmen einer Umfrage der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (Arbeitsgruppe IT) wurde der Stand der Digitalisierung an deutschen Augenkliniken erhoben. Abschließend erfolgt eine Definition des Personalbedarfs.

Ergebnisse Es konnte eine Datenbank mit den Behandlungsergebnissen von 330 801 Patienten aufgebaut werden. Darin enthalten sind alle Diagnosen, Prozeduren an der Klinik, klinischen Befunde sowie Ergebnisse aus Messuntersuchungen. Diese Datenbank wurde vom lokalen behördlichen Datenschutzbeauftragten freigegeben. An weniger als der Hälfte der deutschen Augenkliniken, die an der Umfrage teilnahmen (n = 54) findet eine komplette elektronische Datenerfassung statt. 14 Kliniken gaben an, noch komplett papierbasiert zu arbeiten.

Schlussfolgerung Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte exemplarisch gezeigt werden, welche verschiedenen Rahmenbedingungen eingehalten werden müssen, um eine umfassende Datenbank mit Routineuntersuchungsdaten auszubauen. Dies wird in Zukunft immer wichtiger werden, da mehr und mehr Innovation im Bereich der entscheidungsunterstützenden Software im Bereich der Augenheilkunde zu erwarten ist. Hierfür ist eine gute Datenbasis unerlässlich.
Operative und interventionelle Therapie der Trikuspidalklappe – neue Entwicklungen
Authors: Schueler Robert , Welz Armin , Mellert Fritz , Nickenig Georg
Published: August 2017

Die symptomatische hochgradige Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz hat eine hohe Mortalität und tritt häufig in Kombination mit linksseitigen Herzklappenerkrankungen auf. Die Behandlung der Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz erfordert eine genaue anatomische Kenntnis des Trikuspidalklappenapparats und für die Planung einer operativen oder interventionellen Behandlung ist eine genaue Evaluation der zugrunde liegenden Ätiologie unabdingbar. Minimalinvasive Behandlungsoptionen sind im Moment fast ausschließlich im Rahmen von Studien möglich. Erste klinische und prozedurale Erfahrungen mit den neuen Techniken sind vielversprechend. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die einzelnen Techniken und Optionen zusammengefasst.
Implementation and Feasibility of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome (ePRO) Data Entry in the PRAEGNANT Real-Time Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer Registry
Authors: Wallwiener Markus , Heindl Felix , Brucker Sara , Taran Florin-Andrei , Hartkopf Andreas , Overkamp Friedrich , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hadji Peyman , Tesch Hans , Ettl Johannes , Lux Michael , Rauh Claudia , Blum Simon , Nabieva Naiba , Brodkorb Tobias , Faschingbauer Cornelia , Langemann Hanna , Schulmeyer Carla , Volz Bernhard , Rübner Matthias , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Belleville Erik , Janni Wolfgang , Fehm Tanja , Wallwiener Diethelm , Ganslandt Thomas , Beckmann Matthias , Schneeweiss Andreas , Fasching Peter , Gass Paul
Published: August 2017

Purpose Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been incorporated into clinical trials for many symptoms and medical conditions. A transition from paper-based capture of PROs to electronic PROs (ePROs) has recently started. This study reports on the feasibility of ePRO assessment in a prospective registry including molecular data for patients with advanced breast cancer.

Methods As part of the PRAEGNANT network, patients were invited by clinical trial staff, physicians, and nurses to complete three standardized Internet-based questionnaires (EQ 5D 5 L, CES-D and IPAQ). Feasibility was assessed by the staff members who assigned the user accounts by the patients. The completeness of the questionnaires was also assessed.

Results Fifteen of 17 patients who were asked agreed to participate to complete the PRO questionnaires (EQ-5D-5L and CES-D). However, the IPAQ (physical activity) questionnaire was only validly completed by 9 patients. Feasibility was ranked better by the physicians and dedicated clinical trial staff than by the nursing staff.

Conclusions Incorporating ePRO questionnaires into an advanced breast cancer registry is feasible, and no major hurdles were reported. Involving stakeholders from the start, the application is tailored to the capacities and abilities of both patients and clinical staff. The patientsʼ compliance was better with some questionnaires, but others may present difficulties.
Chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie
Authors: Wilkens Heinrike , Guth Stefan , Lankeit Mareike
Published: August 2017

Die chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH) gilt als Folgeerkrankung nach einer Lungenembolie und ist gekennzeichnet durch
polymorphe fibrinöse Obstruktionen der Pulmonalarterien, einer Mikrovaskulopathie und Entwicklung einer Rechtsherzinsuffizienz infolge des
ansteigenden pulmonalvaskulären Widerstands und pulmonalarteriellen Drucks. Aktuelle Daten deuten darauf hin, dass die Inzidenz einer CTEPH
höher ist als bisher angenommen, sodass von einer hohen Dunkelziffer ausgegangen werden muss. Eine strukturierte Nachsorge von Patienten mit
Lungenembolie und die Integration der Spiroergometrie in das diagnostische Vorgehen können möglicherweise helfen, Patienten bereits vor
einem Anstieg des pulmonalarteriellen Drucks (Patienten mit sogenannter chronisch thromboembolischer pulmonaler Gefäßkrankheit [CTED]) zu
identifizieren. Alle Patienten mit CTED/CTEPH sollten in einem multidisziplinären CTEPH-Expertenzentrum vorgestellt werden, um das optimale
individuelle therapeutische Vorgehen zu definieren. Die potenziell kurative pulmonale Endarteriektomie ist die Therapie der Wahl und wird
durch erfahrene Zentren mit einer Krankenhaus-Letalität < 5 % und guten Langzeiteffekten durchgeführt. Für nicht-operable Patienten steht
seit 2014 in Deutschland als spezifische medikamentöse Therapie der Stimulator der löslichen Guanylatzyklase Riociguat zur Verfügung. Für
selektierte Patienten wird durch spezialisierte Zentren ein interventionelles Therapieverfahren, die pulmonale Ballonangioplastie,
angeboten. Erste Daten aus Deutschland wurden vor kurzen publiziert und zeigen eine Verbesserung der Hämodynamik und Leistungsfähigkeit
durch das Verfahren; Langzeitergebnisse sind jedoch derzeit noch ausstehend.
Mechanische Thoraxkompressionsgeräte
Authors: Treffer Dominik , Weißleder Anne , Helm Matthias , Gässler Holger
Published: August 2017

Mechanische Thoraxkompressionsgeräte finden zunehmend Verbreitung in der Notfallrettung. Obwohl Studien deren Einsatz nicht mit einem verbesserten Überleben der behandelten Patienten belegen konnten, haben diese Reanimationshilfen ihren Stellenwert insbesondere dort, wo medizinisches Personal bei der Durchführung manueller Thoraxkompressionen gefährdet ist (z. B. während des Patiententransports). Für die sichere Handhabung sind regelmäßige Schulungen und Teamtrainings obligat. Die Indikation zum Kliniktransport unter Reanimation ist weiter kritisch durch den Notarzt zu stellen.
Ein Herz für ein Herz für ein Herz
Authors: Hardinghaus Christian
Published: August 2017

Neben berühmten Ärzten gibt es auch berühmte Patienten. Einer davon war der südafrikanische Gemüsehändler Louis Washkansky. Im September 1967
wird er im Alter von 55 Jahren ins Groote-Schuur-Krankenhaus in Kapstadt eingeliefert. Diagnose: Dreifache Vergrößerung des Herzens durch
Diabetes und arterielle Verkalkung. Wenn kein Wunder geschieht, wird er sterben. Der dort arbeitende Chirurg Christiaan Barnard sieht seine
Chance gekommen. Seit Jahren will er es wagen, ein menschliches Herz zu verpflanzen. Er teilt seinem Patienten mit, es zu versuchen. Der
Sterbenskranke nimmt die Offerte an. Als wenig später die junge Bankkauffrau Denise Darvall stirbt und ihr Vater einem
Transplantationsversuch zustimmt, gelingt Barnard das Wunder. Für 18 Tage schlägt das Herz der 24-Jährigen in Washkanskys Brustkorb. Barnard
wird fortan als Pionier der Herztransplantation bezeichnet.
Lagrangian technique to calculate window interface velocity from shock velocity measurements: Application for quartz windows
Authors: McCoy Chad A. , Knudson Marcus D.
Published: August 2017

Measurement of the window interface velocity is a common technique for investigating the dynamic response materials at high strain rates. However, these measurements are limited in pressure to the range where the window remains transparent. The most common window material for this application is lithium fluoride, which under single shock compression becomes opaque at ∼200 GPa. To date, no other window material has been identified for use at higher pressures. Here, we present a Lagrangian technique to calculate the interface velocity from a continuously measured shock velocity, with application to quartz. The quartz shock front becomes reflective upon melt, at ∼100 GPa, enabling the use of velocity interferometry to continuously measure the shock velocity. This technique overlaps with the range of pressures accessible with LiF windows and extends the region where wave profile measurements are possible to pressures in excess of 2000 GPa. We show through simulated data that the technique accurately reproduces the interface velocity within 20% of the initial state, and that the Lagrangian technique represents a significant improvement over a simple linear approximation.
Modeling dynamic behavior of superconducting maglev systems under external disturbances
Authors: Huang Chen-Guang , Xue Cun , Yong Hua-Dong , Zhou You-He
Published: August 2017

For a maglev system, vertical and lateral displacements of the levitation body may simultaneously occur under external disturbances, which often results in changes in the levitation and guidance forces and even causes some serious malfunctions. To fully understand the effect of external disturbances on the levitation performance, in this work, we build a two-dimensional numerical model on the basis of Newton's second law of motion and a mathematical formulation derived from magnetoquasistatic Maxwell's equations together with a nonlinear constitutive relation between the electric field and the current density. By using this model, we present an analysis of dynamic behavior for two typical maglev systems consisting of an infinitely long superconductor and a guideway of different arrangements of infinitely long parallel permanent magnets. The results show that during the vertical movement, the levitation force is closely associated with the flux motion and the moving velocity of the superconductor. After being disturbed at the working position, the superconductor has a disturbance-induced initial velocity and then starts to periodically vibrate in both lateral and vertical directions. Meanwhile, the lateral and vertical vibration centers gradually drift along their vibration directions. The larger the initial velocity, the faster their vibration centers drift. However, the vertical drift of the vertical vibration center seems to be independent of the direction of the initial velocity. In addition, due to the lateral and vertical drifts, the equilibrium position of the superconductor in the maglev systems is not a space point but a continuous range.
Delocalization and stretch-bend mixing of the HOH bend in liquid water
Authors: Carpenter William B. , Fournier Joseph A. , Biswas Rajib , Voth Gregory A. , Tokmakoff Andrei
Published: August 2017

Liquid water’s rich sub-picosecond vibrational dynamics arise from the interplay of different high- and low-frequency modes evolving in a strong yet fluctuating hydrogen bond network. Recent studies of the OH stretching excitations of H2O indicate that they are delocalized over several molecules, raising questions about whether the bending vibrations are similarly delocalized. In this paper, we take advantage of an improved 50 fs time-resolution and broadband infrared (IR) spectroscopy to interrogate the 2D IR lineshape and spectral dynamics of the HOH bending vibration of liquid H2O. Indications of strong bend-stretch coupling are observed in early time 2D IR spectra through a broad excited state absorption that extends from 1500 cm−1 to beyond 1900 cm−1, which corresponds to transitions from the bend to the bend overtone and OH stretching band between 3150 and 3550 cm−1. Pump-probe measurements reveal a fast 180 fs vibrational relaxation time, which results in a hot-ground state spectrum that is the same as observed for water IR excitation at any other frequency. The fastest dynamical time scale is 80 fs for the polarization anisotropy decay, providing evidence for the delocalized or excitonic character of the bend. Normal mode analysis conducted on water clusters extracted from molecular dynamics simulations corroborate significant stretch-bend mixing and indicate delocalization of δHOH on 2-7 water molecules.
Bidirectional optical rotation of cells
Authors: Wu Jiyi , Zhang Weina , Li Juan
Published: August 2017

Precise and controlled rotation manipulation of cells is extremely important in biological applications and biomedical studies. Particularly, bidirectional rotation manipulation of a single or multiple cells is a challenge for cell tomography and analysis. In this paper, we report an optical method that is capable of bidirectional rotation manipulation of a single or multiple cells. By launching a laser beam at 980 nm into dual-beam tapered fibers, a single or multiple cells in solutions can be trapped and rotated bidirectionally under the action of optical forces. Moreover, the rotational behavior can be controlled by altering the relative distance between the two fibers and the input optical power. Experimental results were interpreted by numerical simulations.
Low temperature (100 °C) atomic layer deposited-ZrO2 for recessed gate GaN HEMTs on Si
Authors: Byun Young-Chul , Lee Jae-Gil , Meng Xin , Lee Joy S. , Lucero Antonio T. , Kim Si Joon , Young Chadwin D. , Kim Moon J. , Kim Jiyoung
Published: August 2017

In this paper, the effect of atomic layer deposited ZrO2 gate dielectrics, deposited at low temperature (100 °C), on the characteristics of recessed-gate High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) on Al0.25Ga0.75N/GaN/Si is investigated and compared with the characteristics of those with ZrO2 films deposited at typical atomic layer deposited (ALD) process temperatures (250 °C). Negligible hysteresis (ΔVth < 20 mV), low gate leakage current (Ig@2 V = 6.6 × 10−6 A/cm2), high breakdown voltage (>4 V), and low interfacial state density (Dit = 3.69 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2) were observed on recessed gate HEMTs with ∼5 nm ALD-ZrO2 films grown at 100 °C. The excellent properties of recessed gate HEMTs are due to the absence of an interfacial layer and an amorphous phase of the film. An interfacial layer between 250 °C-ZrO2 and GaN is observed via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. However, 100 °C-ZrO2 and GaN shows no significant interfacial layer formation. Moreover, while 100 °C-ZrO2 films maintain an amorphous phase on either substrate (GaN and Si), 250 °C-ZrO2 films exhibit a polycrystalline-phase when deposited on GaN and an amorphous phase when deposited on Si. Contrary to popular belief, the low-temperature ALD process for ZrO2 results in excellent HEMT performance.
In situ stress measurements during MOCVD growth of thick N-polar InGaN
Authors: Al Balushi Zakaria Y. , Redwing Joan M.
Published: August 2017

The growth of N-polar InGaN films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on N-polar GaN was investigated in order to understand the evolution of growth stress and the dislocation microstructure of relatively thick InGaN films (140 nm) in the absence of hexagonal hillocks and V-pits, which are typically present in III-polar InGaN. During in situ stress measurements of N-polar InGaN, growth initiates under an initial low stress state, which gradually transitions to a constant compressive incremental stress for the remainder of the film thickness. This behavior in the growth stress evolution in N-polar InGaN occurs regardless of the stress state of the GaN base layer (i.e., compression or tension), which was controlled by varying the temperature of the initial low temperature layer in a two-step temperature growth process for N-polar GaN. A blue shift in the PL peak emission of N-polar InGaN was, however, observed with increasing incremental compressive stress in the N-polar GaN base layer. These results provide insight into potential mechanisms of plastic relaxation in high crystal quality thick N-polar InGaN films grown by MOCVD.
A high-resolution frequency variable experimental setup for studying ferrofluids used in magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Mazon E. E. , Villa-Martínez E. , Hernández-Sámano A. , Córdova-Fraga T. , Ibarra-Sánchez J. J. , Calleja H. A. , Leyva Cruz J. A. , Barrera A. , Estrada J. C. , Paz J. A. , Quintero L. H. , Cano M. E.
Published: August 2017

A scanning system for specific absorption rate of ferrofluids with superparamagnetic nanoparticles is presented in this study. The system contains an induction heating device designed and built with a resonant inverter in order to generate magnetic field amplitudes up to 38 mT, over the frequency band 180-525 kHz. Its resonant circuit involves a variable capacitor with 1 nF of capacitance steps to easily select the desired frequency, reaching from 0.3 kHz/nF up to 5 kHz/nF of resolution. The device performance is characterized in order to compare with the theoretical predictions of frequency and amplitude, showing a good agreement with the resonant inverters theory. Additionally, the setup is tested using a synthetic iron oxide with 10 ± 1 nm diameter suspended in liquid glycerol, with concentrations at 1%. Meanwhile, the temperature rise is measured to determine the specific absorption rate and calculate the dissipated power density for each f. This device is a suitable alternative to studying ferrofluids and analyzes the dependence of the power absorption density with the magnetic field intensity and frequency.