bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mejora de la situación nutricional y la calidad de vida de los pacientes oncológicos mediante protocolo de evaluación y de intervención nutricional.
Authors: Lluch Taltavull Josep Ignasi
Published: May 2018

ResumenObjetivo: Aplicar un protocolo que facilite la detección de malnutrición en los pacientes oncológicos durante su tratamiento de radioterapia o quimioterapia, seleccionando los que se podrían beneficiar de una intervención nutricional específica.Metodología: Se determinó la presencia de riesgo de desnutrición con el método de cribado Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST). A los sujetos con riesgo se les realizó una Valoración Global Subjetiva-Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP) y a un subgrupo de la muestra estudiada también se midió la calidad de vida (CV) mediante el cuestionario EORTC QLQ-C30.Resultados: De un total de 222 pacientes se observó riesgo de desnutrición en 126 (56,7%). La VGS-GP muestra una prevalencia inicial de desnutrición del 69,2% (61,7% desnutrición moderada y 7,5% desnutrición severa) y una media de pérdida de peso de -10,27 kg. En la última valoración (+12 meses), el porcentaje de desnutrición o en riesgo se redujo de forma significativa a un 23,5% y la media de pérdida de peso disminuyó a -7,1kg.  Durante el seguimiento mejoraron las puntuaciones del cuestionario EORTC QLQ-C30, en especial a los 3 meses la escala diarrea (p = 0,037), a los 6 meses la escala dolor (p = 0,009), y a los 12 meses las escalas dolor (p = 0,026), náusea y vómito (p = 0,002), disnea (p = 0,016), pérdida de apetito (p = 0,002) y estreñimiento (p = 0,0).Conclusión: El protocolo ha resultado eficaz mejorando la situación nutricional y la calidad de vida de los pacientes oncológicos con recuperación parcial del peso perdido.
Soil Protein as a Rapid Soil Health Indicator of Potentially Available Organic Nitrogen
Authors: Hurisso Tunsisa T. , Moebius‐Clune Dan J. , Culman Steve W. , Moebius‐Clune Bianca N. , Thies Janice E. , van Es Harold M.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

The extraction protocol for “glomalin” extracts protein from a wide variety of sources.

The termglomalinorglomalin‐related soil proteinis inaccurate and limits the utility of the method.

The extracted protein pool should be viewed more broadly as a soil health indicator of potentially available organic N.

Increased interest in practical, routine evaluation of soil health has created a need for rapid and inexpensive indicators that reflect soil nitrogen (N) status. Here we propose a soil protein measurement as an indicator of a functionally relevant and sensitive pool of organic N that can be rapidly quantified in soil testing laboratories. The procedure is based on a method that was historically used to measure “glomalin,” a pool putatively of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal origin. Laboratory validation experiments demonstrate that the procedure extracts proteins from a wide range of sources, not just glomalin, and that continued use of the termglomalinis inaccurate and limits the application of the method. Therefore, we propose that the pool of proteins extracted by this method can be viewed more broadly as a soil health indicator that reflects the primary pool of organically bound N in soil and thus as potentially available organic N. We provide a laboratory protocol that details autoclaving soil in a neutral sodium citrate buffer solution followed by clarification and protein quantification steps.
Corn and Soybean Yield Response to Salinity Influenced by Soil Texture
Authors: Butcher Kirsten , Wick Abbey F. , DeSutter Thomas , Chatterjee Amitava , Harmon Jason
Published: May 2018

Corn and soybean yield were assessed across natural gradients of soil salinity in sandy loam and silty clay loam soils in the Northern Great Plains.

Corn and soybean seeded to sandy loam soil demonstrated significant yield declines, with salinity tolerance indices of 9.68 and 7.04, respectively.

Corn and soybean seeded to silty clay loam soil demonstrated no significant yield declines.

Results demonstrate that corn and soybean yields respond differently to salinity in different textures.

Soil salinization is a global issue affecting 831 million ha of arable land and resulting in approximately US$27.3 billion in crop losses annually. The purpose of our research was to determine the effects of natural gradients in soil salinity on field‐grown corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in silty clay loam and sandy loam soils in southeastern North Dakota. Both corn and soybean yield were hand‐harvested at the ends of the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons and related to the electrical conductivity (ECe) of the root zone using the modified discount response function (MDRF). Neither corn nor soybean yields demonstrated significant declines when grown in finer‐textured soil. Contrarily, when corn and soybean were grown in sandy loam soils, significant declines occurred. Calculated values at which 50% yield reductions occurred (EC50) in sandy loam soil resulted in salinity tolerance indices (STI) of 9.68 for corn and 7.04 for soybean. The lack of yield declines for both crops in silty clay loam soil may indicate a reduced effect of salinity stress in finer textures. Additionally, the composition of ions in the soil solution may also play a role in crop response to salinity.
Comparison of Visual Assessment and Digital Image Analysis for Canopy Cover Estimation
Authors: Büchi Lucie , Wendling Marina , Mouly Pauline , Charles Raphaël
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Cover crops provide ecosystem services linked to canopy cover development.

Visual assessment of canopy cover is compared with two digital image analysis methods.

Visual estimation is well correlated with image estimation but showed lower values.

The choice of the canopy cover estimation method depends on the objective.

Currently, in the context of agriculture, cover crops are crops cultivated with the sole aim of providing important ecosystem services such as erosion prevention. Many services offered by these crops are directly linked to the development of their vegetation, and especially of canopy cover. A proper estimation of this cover is thus necessary to evaluate cover crop performance. Many methods to estimate canopy cover exist, but differ in terms of effort and time needed to implement them. In this study, we compared visual assessment of canopy cover in the field with two methods of digital image analysis (Assess and Canopeo), for different cover crop species and vegetation types. Visual estimation was positively correlated with both type of image analysis estimations. However, it showed systematically lower values of canopy cover, especially at intermediate canopy cover values. The type of vegetation influenced the visual and digital image estimations, narrow leaf species being the most difficult to evaluate visually. This study showed that depending on its utilization, visual canopy cover assessment could be useful, especially when only relative estimation of canopy cover is needed. When absolute canopy cover estimation is needed, the use of digital image analysis should be preferred.
Genomewide Selection for Unfavorably Correlated Traits in Maize
Authors: Sleper Joshua A. , Bernardo Rex
Published: May 2018

Genomewide markers may help untangle unfavorable trait correlations that hinder cultivar development. Our objectives were to determine (i) if genomewide markers can be used to partition trait effects into independent and correlated portions, and (ii) if selection on the independent portion leads to larger responses than selection on the entire trait. We compared a standard genomewide selection model (control model) with a genomewide selection model that targeted the independent portion of a trait (independent model). We conducted four cycles of genomewide selection in two biparental maize (Zea mays L.) populations. In Population 1, Cycle 4 responses to selection with the independent model (vs. the control model, in parentheses) were 1.03 Mg ha−1 (vs. 1.40 Mg ha−1) for grain yield, 0.38 g kg−1 (vs. −7.98 g kg−1) for moisture, and 6.50 cm (vs. 18.75 cm) for plant height. In Population 2, responses were 0.19 Mg ha−1 (vs. −0.27 Mg ha−1) for grain yield, 3.83 g kg−1 (vs. 6.60 g kg−1) for moisture, and 4.30 cm (vs. 7.80 cm) for plant height. None of the responses were significantly different (P = 0.05) between the independent model and the control model at each cycle of genomewide selection. These nonsignificant differences were explained by the low proportions (R2 < 14%) of the trait variation accounted for by the independent portion of the trait. We conclude that separating quantitative traits into correlated and independent portions is infeasible.
Forage Characteristics of Bermudagrass Pastures Overseeded with Pintoi Peanut and Grazed at Different Stubble Heights
Authors: Sanchez Joao M. D. , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Silveira Maria L. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Moriel Philipe , Kuwahara Frank A. , Cecato Ulysses , Yarborough James K. , Soares Filho Cecilio V. , Leite de Oliveira Fabio C.
Published: May 2018

Overseeding warm‐season legumes into warm‐season perennial grass pastures may increase productivity and nutritive value of pastures in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of overseeding ‘Amarillo’ pintoi peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.) into Jiggs bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures grazed at different stubble heights. The experiment was conducted in Ona, FL, from June to October in 2014 and 2015. Treatments were a split‐plot design of two sward types (bermudagrass monocultures or overseeded with pintoi peanut, main plots) and two postgrazing stubble heights (15 or 25 cm [SH15 and SH25], subplots) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Pastures were mob stocked, with 28‐d resting periods between grazing events. There was no effect of stubble height on pintoi peanut plant density (5.8 plants m−2), ground cover (5.8%), or proportion in the herbage mass (HM, 5.2%); however, proportion in the HM increased from 1.1 to 8.2% over 2 yr. There was no effect of sward type on weed ground cover; however, SH25 had greater weed ground cover than SH15 (53.4 vs. 18.2%). Herbage accumulation rate, crude protein, and in vitro digestible organic matter were not affected by sward type (23.4 kg ha−1 d−1, 101 g kg−1, and 431 g kg−1, respectively). Pintoi peanut proportion in the HM increased over time; however, it may take >2 yr to have a significant presence of pintoi peanut in the mixed sward.
Soil‐Test Biological Activity with the Flush of CO2: I. C and N Characteristics of Soils in Corn Production
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Pershing Mary R. , Crozier Carl , Osmond Deanna , Schroeder-Moreno Michelle
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Soil nitrogen mineralization can be predicted with the flush of CO2.

Soil texture does not alter the relationship between the flush of CO2 and N mineralization.

Large quantity of mineralizable N in surface soils is possible with conservation management.

The flush of CO2 is an appropriate indicator for soil‐test biological activity.

The flush of CO2 is a rapid and reliable indicator of soil N availability.

Nitrogen limits crop production when insufficient and harms the environment when excessive. Tailoring N inputs to cropping systems remains a high priority to achieve production and environmental goals. We collected soils from 47 corn (Zea mays L.) production fields in North Carolina and Virginia at depths of 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 30 cm and evaluated soil C and N characteristics in association with soil N mineralization. Soil organic C at a depth of 0 to 10 cm varied among sites from ∼10 to 80 g kg–1, and generally declined with depth because of many sites with no‐tillage management. Net N mineralization during 24 d of aerobic incubation (25°C, 50% water‐filled pore space) was 54 to 114 mg N kg–1 (24 d)–1 at 0 to 10 cm, 22 to 41 mg N kg–1 (24 d)–1 at 10 to 20 cm, and 12 to 22 mg N kg–1 (24 d)–1 at 20 to 30 cm (middle 50% of observations at each depth). Total soil N was positively associated with net N mineralization (r2 = 0.58), but the flush of CO2 during 3 d was even more closely associated with net N mineralization (r2 = 0.77). Association between the flush of CO2 and net N mineralization did not change significantly when data were sorted by different regions or soil textural classes. The flush of CO2 is a rapid, reliable, and robust indicator of soil‐test biological activity. The strong association of the flush of CO2 with net N mineralization also corroborated use of the flush of CO2 as a rapid and reliable indicator of soil N availability.
A filtering algorithm for high-resolution flow traces to improve water end-use analysis
Authors: Pastor-Jabaloyes L. , Arregui F. J. , Cobacho R.
Published: May 2018

One of the main difficulties encountered when designing automatic tools for water end-use identification is the inherent noise present in recorded flow traces. Noise is mainly caused by the inability of the monitoring equipment to accurately register water consumption and data-loggers to register, without distortion, the signal received from the water meter. A universal filtering algorithm has been developed to remove noise and simplify water consumption flow traces with the aim of improving future automatic end-use identification algorithms. The performance of the proposed filtering methodology is assessed through the analysis of 21,647 events. Water consumption data were sourced from two different water end-use studies, having consumers and monitoring equipment with dissimilar characteristics. The results obtained show that the algorithm is capable of removing an average of 70% of the data points that constitute the flow traces of the complex events examined. The simplified flow traces allow for faster and more accurate disaggregation and classification algorithms, without losing significant information or distorting the original signal. The ability of the proposed filtering algorithm to fit the original flow traces was benchmarked using the Kling–Gupta efficiency coefficient, obtaining an average value above 0.79.
Employing full factorial design and response surface methodology for optimizing direct contact membrane distillation operational conditions in desalinating the rejected stream of a reverse osmosis unit at Esfahan refinery–Iran
Authors: Ebadi M. , Mozdianfard M. R. , Aliabadi M.
Published: May 2018

Optimized condition for desalination of the reverse osmosis (RO) rejected stream from Esfahan Oil Refining Company (EORC) using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was investigated here, having designed a set of 34 experiments using response surface methodology (RSM) and full factorial design (FFD) modelling, carried out in a laboratory scale set-up built for this purpose. Statistical criteria for validation, significance, accuracy and adequacy confirmed the suitability of the quadratic polynomial model employed. Response plots and regression equations suggested that the permeate flux response improved with increased feed temperature, reduced permeate temperature and enhanced feed flow rate. Optimizing DCMD process showed that maximum permeate flux of 60.76 L/m2·h could be achieved at the following optimum operational conditions: feed temperature and flow rate of 70 °C and 2 L/min, respectively, as well as the permeate temperature of 15 °C. At this point, the mean annual energy required for 90% water recovery (36 m3/h off the RO brackish rejected stream) at EORC refinery was found to be 96 GJ, which could be supplied using solar or conventional energy systems at Isfahan, facing a very critical water shortage at present.
Cyanide degradation kinetics during anaerobic co-digestion of cassava pulp with pig manure
Authors: Glanpracha Naraporn , Basnayake B. M. N. , Rene Eldon R. , Lens Piet N. L. , Annachhatre Ajit P.
Published: May 2018

Anaerobic co-digestion of cassava pulp (CP) and pig manure (PM) under cyanide inhibition conditions was investigated and modeled. Batch experiments were performed with initial cyanide concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 10 mg/L. Cyanide acclimatized sludge from an anaerobic co-digester treating cyanide-containing CP and PM was used as the seed sludge (inoculum). Cyanide degradation during anaerobic digestion consisted of an initial lag phase, followed by a cyanide degradation phase. After a short sludge acclimatization period of less than 3 days, the anaerobic sludge was able to degrade cyanide, indicating that the sludge inhibition due to cyanide was reversible. Cyanide degradation during anaerobic co-digestion of CP and PM followed the first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.094 d−1. Gas evolution during batch anaerobic degradation was modeled using the modified Monod-type kinetics to incorporate cyanide inhibition. The model predicted results yielded a satisfactory fit with the experimental data.
Honey: An Effective Regenerative Medicine Product in Wound Management
Authors: Martinotti Simona , Bucekova Marcela , Majtan Juraj , Ranzato Elia
Published: May 2018

:

Honey has successfully been used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of injuries including burns and non-healing wounds. It acts as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent with anti/pro-inflammatory properties. However, besides these traditional properties, recent evidence suggests that honey is also an immunomodulator in wound healing and contains several bee and plant-derived components that may speed up wound healing and tissue regeneration process. Identifying their exact mechanism of action allows better understanding of honey healing properties and promotes its wider translation into clinical practice.

:

This review will discuss the physiological basis for the use of honey in wound management, its current clinical uses, as well as the potential role of honey bioactive compounds in dermal regenerative medicine and tissue re-modeling.
Novel Nicotinonitrile Derivatives Bearing Imino Moieties Enhance Apoptosis and Inhibit Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: El-Hashash Maher A. , El-Bordany Eman A. , Marzouk Magda I. , El-Naggar Abeer M. , Nawar Tarek M.S. , El-Sayed Wael M.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Fused heterocyclic containing pyrazolopyridine systems have several medicinal activities
including cytotoxic and carcinostatic activities.

Objective:

To investigate the antiproliferative activity and associated mechanism(s) of a novel series of
nicotinonitrile derivatives.

Method:

The series has been synthesized by the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides with each of 4-(4-
methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4-(4-
methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile in dioxane in basic medium. The assigned
structures for each of the new products were identified via elemental and spectral data. Moreover, the cytotoxic
activity for some selected products was screened.

Results:

Derivatives 5g, 7i, 8 and 9 had their IC50 at ~ 1-3 µM and derivatives 7b, 7d, and 7f were similar to 5-
fluorouracil and had their IC50 at ~ 5 µM against breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-116) cell lines. All derivatives
were specific in action and safe to normal fibroblasts (WI38). Only derivative 9 caused some toxicity but at high
concentration of 93 µM. These derivatives exerted strong antiproliferative activity through inducing intrinsic
apoptosis as indicated from the significant induction of caspases 9 and 3 by 3-6 folds in colon cells and/or inhibiting
tyrosine kinase (TK) and hence arresting the cell cycle.

Conclusion:

Compounds 8 and 5g were the most potent anticancer agents inhibiting the TK by 86 and 89% and
their IC50 of the enzyme were 311 and 352 nM, respectively. We believe that these derivatives deserve further
investigation and these chemical moieties could offer promising anticancer drugs.
Indazole Derivatives: Promising Anti-tumor Agents
Authors: Wan Yichao , He Shengzhuo , Li Wei , Tang Zilong
Published: May 2018

Background:

Currently, cancer continues being a dramatically increasing and serious threat to public
health. Although many anti-tumor agents have been developed in recent years, the survival rate of patients is not
satisfactory. The poor prognosis of cancer patients is closely related to the occurrence of drug resistance. Therefore,
it is urgent to develop new anti-tumor agents to make up for the deficiency. Indazoles is an important class
of heterocyclic compounds possessing a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory,
anti-depressant and anti-hypertensive. This review focuses on the recent research advances of
indazole derivatives in the aspect of anti-tumor.

Methods:

We have searched the recent literatures about indazole derivatives from the online resources and
databases, such as pubmed, scifinder and google scholar.

Results:

In the recent years, many efforts have been taken to develop indazole derivatives as fibroblast growth
factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) inhibitors, proviral integration site
MuLV (Pim) kinase inhibitors, aurora kinases inhibitors, Bcr-Abl inhibitors, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)
inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. Most compounds display good anti-tumor activities.

Conclusion:

Developing new anti-cancer agents with new scaffolds and high efficiency is a big challenge for
researchers. Indazole derivatives are a class of important bioactive compounds. Making structural modifications
on active indazole derivatives according to the corresponding structure-activity relationships is of benefit to
obtain more potent anti-cancer leads or clinical drugs. This review will be useful for further development of new
indazole-based derivatives as anti-cancer agents.
Workplace Fire—Not a Misfortune, but an Avoidable Occupational Hazard in Korea
Authors: Park Ji-Eun , Kim Myoung-Hee
Published: May 2018

In this article, we argue that workplace fire should be understood within an occupational safety and health context. We selected two cases of fire and explosion with the greatest numbers of fatalities from the annual lists of the “Worst Manslaughter Companies of the Year” in Korea. Through review of information from major media, government, courts, and workers' advocacy organizations, we found that these incidents resulted from violations of basic safety rules by the companies, and that the penalties imposed on them were light. In addition, precarious workers were more vulnerable to such risk, and self-regulation did not work even in large corporations. Like other types of occupational hazards, explosions and fires can be prevented, but prevention requires that occupational safety and health regulations be thoroughly enforced and that heavy penalties be imposed in order to eliminate any incentives for regulatory violations.
Emerging from the Tragedies in Bangladesh: A Challenge to Voluntarism in the Global Economy
Authors: Claeson Björn Skorpen
Published: May 2018

Under the regime of private company or multi-stakeholder voluntary codes of conduct and industry social auditing, workers have absorbed low wages and unsafe and abusive conditions; labor leaders and union members have become the targets of both government and factory harassment and violence; and trade union power has waned. Nowhere have these private systems of codes and audits so clearly failed to protect workers as in Bangladesh's apparel industry. However, international labor groups and Bangladeshi unions have succeeded in mounting a challenge to voluntarism in the global economy, persuading more than 180 companies to make a binding and enforceable commitment to workers' safety in an agreement with 12 unions. The extent to which this Bangladesh Accord will be able to influence the entrenched global regime of voluntary codes and weak trade unions remains an open question. But if the Accord can make progress in Bangladesh, it can help to inspire similar efforts in other countries and in other industries.
From Infancy to Adolescence: The Development and Future of the National Firefighter Near-Miss Reporting System
Authors: Taylor Jennifer A. , Lacovara Alicia V.
Published: May 2018

The National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System (NFFNMRS) is a voluntary adverse event reporting system designed as a repository to which firefighters submit information on the hazards seen in their work, detailing the events that led to near-misses and injuries. This descriptive article discusses the development of the system since its inception, the strengths and limitations of the resultant data, and the improvements to be made to ensure the system's usefulness. Especially in their infancy, near-miss systems are very dependent on funding and sensitive to any reductions as they head toward steady-state reporting. This sustainability factor has significant implications for continued reporting to the system and the ultimate utility of the data. Very few such data systems exist for occupational health surveillance.
Assessing Competencies Needed to Engage With Digital Health Services: Development of the eHealth Literacy Assessment Toolkit (Preprint)
Authors: Karnoe Astrid , Furstrand Dorthe , Christensen Karl Bang , Norgaard Ole , Kayser Lars
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

To achieve full potential in user-oriented eHealth projects, we need to ensure a match between the eHealth technology and the user’s eHealth literacy, described as knowledge and skills. However, there is a lack of multifaceted eHealth literacy assessment tools suitable for screening purposes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to develop and validate an eHealth literacy assessment toolkit (eHLA) that assesses individuals’ health literacy and digital literacy using a mix of existing and newly developed scales.

METHODS

From 2011 to 2015, scales were continuously tested and developed in an iterative process, which led to 7 tools being included in the validation study. The eHLA validation version consisted of 4 health-related tools (tool 1: “functional health literacy,” tool 2: “health literacy self-assessment,” tool 3: “familiarity with health and health care,” and tool 4: “knowledge of health and disease”) and 3 digitally-related tools (tool 5: “technology familiarity,” tool 6: “technology confidence,” and tool 7: “incentives for engaging with technology”) that were tested in 475 respondents from a general population sample and an outpatient clinic. Statistical analyses examined floor and ceiling effects, interitem correlations, item-total correlations, and Cronbach coefficient alpha (CCA). Rasch models (RM) examined the fit of data. Tools were reduced in items to secure robust tools fit for screening purposes. Reductions were made based on psychometrics, face validity, and content validity.

RESULTS

Tool 1 was not reduced in items; it consequently consists of 10 items. The overall fit to the RM was acceptable (Anderson conditional likelihood ratio, CLR=10.8; df=9; P=.29), and CCA was .67. Tool 2 was reduced from 20 to 9 items. The overall fit to a log-linear RM was acceptable (Anderson CLR=78.4, df=45, P=.002), and CCA was .85. Tool 3 was reduced from 23 to 5 items. The final version showed excellent fit to a log-linear RM (Anderson CLR=47.7, df=40, P=.19), and CCA was .90. Tool 4 was reduced from 12 to 6 items. The fit to a log-linear RM was acceptable (Anderson CLR=42.1, df=18, P=.001), and CCA was .59. Tool 5 was reduced from 20 to 6 items. The fit to the RM was acceptable (Anderson CLR=30.3, df=17, P=.02), and CCA was .94. Tool 6 was reduced from 5 to 4 items. The fit to a log-linear RM taking local dependency (LD) into account was acceptable (Anderson CLR=26.1, df=21, P=.20), and CCA was .91. Tool 7 was reduced from 6 to 4 items. The fit to a log-linear RM taking LD and differential item functioning into account was acceptable (Anderson CLR=23.0, df=29, P=.78), and CCA was .90.

CONCLUSIONS

The eHLA consists of 7 short, robust scales that assess individual’s knowledge and skills related to digital literacy and health literacy.
Marbling Texture’s Effects on Beef Palatability
Authors: Vierck Kelly R. , Gonzalez John M. , Houser Terry A. , Boyle Elizabeth A. E. , O’Quinn Travis G.
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of marbling texture on consumer and trained sensory panel ratings of beef strip loin steaks from 3 USDA quality grades. Beef strip loins (n = 117) were selected from 3 quality grades [Top Choice (Modest00 – Moderate100 marbling), Low Choice (Small00 – Small100 marbling), and Select (Slight00 – Slight100 marbling)] to equally represent three different marbling texture groups: fine, medium, and coarse, via visual appraisal. There were no quality grade × texture interactions (P > 0.05) for all of the traits evaluated. Consumers (n = 104) rated all marbling texture groups similar (P > 0.05) for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall liking, as well as rated a similar (P > 0.05) percentage of samples from each marbling texture group acceptable for each palatability trait. Moreover, consumers indicated no preference (P > 0.05) among marbling texture groups for visual desirability or likelihood to purchase. However, trained sensory panelists rated coarse marbled steaks higher (P < 0.05) than fine or medium marbled steaks for both beef flavor intensity and sustained juiciness, as well as higher (P < 0.05) for initial juiciness than medium textured steaks. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among marbling texture groups for Warner-Bratzler shear force, slice shear force, and pressed juice percentage. Low Choice steaks were rated higher (P < 0.05) than Select steaks by consumers for tenderness, flavor liking, and overall liking, but similar (P > 0.05) to Top Choice. Results from this study indicate marbling texture had no impact on consumer evaluations of eating quality and only minimal effects on trained sensory panel palatability ratings and therefore provides no palatability-based evidence for the exclusion of coarse marbled carcasses from current and future branded beef programs.
Carboxyhemoglobin: a primer for clinicians
Authors:   Center for Hyperbaric Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Hampson Neil B.
Published: May 2018

One of carbon monoxide’s several mechanisms of toxicity is binding with circulating hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, resulting in a functional anemia. While patients with carbon monoxide poisoning are often said to be “cherry-red,” such discoloration is rarely seen. Carboxyhemoglobin levels cannot be measured with conventional pulse oximetry, can be approximated with pulse CO-oximetry, and are most accurately measured with a laboratory CO-oximeter. Carboxyhemoglobin levels are quite stable and can be accurately measured on a transported blood sample. For clinical purposes, arterial and venous carboxyhemoglobin levels can be considered to be equivalent. Carboxyhemoglobin levels are typically lower than 2% in non-smokers and lower than 5% in smokers. A level over 9% is almost always due to exogenous carbon monoxide exposure, even among smokers. Conversely, a low level does not exclude significant exposure under certain circumstances. As carboxyhemoglobin levels of poisoned patients do not correlate with symptoms or outcome, their greatest utility is a marker of exposure.
UJI EFEK HAMBATAN ATORVASTATIN TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN SKAR HIPERTROFI PADA KELINCI NEW ZEALAND (Kajian terhadap morfologi klinis ketinggian jaringan skar, Scar Elevation Index, kepadatan kolagen, dan ekspresi VEGF)
Authors: Rosyidah Devi Usdiana , Astuti Indwiani , Widyarini Sitarina
Published: May 2018

Skar hipertrofi dan keloid bagian dari jaringan parut patologis yang insiden kejadiannya masih tinggi. Keduanya mengganggu secara estetik, fisiologik, psikologik, dan sering tumbuh kembali setelah pengobatan. Belum ada terapi standar baku emas untuk skar hipertrofi dan keloid. Efek pleiotropik statin berpotensi sebagai anti skar baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hambatan pembentukan skar hipertrofi dengan pemberian salep atorvastatin pada model luka skar di telinga kelinci New Zealand. Kelinci New Zealand usia 4-6 bulan (n=29) dilakukan randomisasi kedalam lima kelompok. Setelah aklimatisasi 1 minggu, dilakukan pembuatan luka model skar hipertrofi pada kedua telinga kelinci dengan punch biopsy (d=8 mm). Jumlah luka 2 buah di masing- masing telinga kanan dan kiri. Pada hari ke-7 setelah punch biopsy, kelompok I, II, III dioles salep atorvastatin dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Kelompok IV dioles salep clobetasol propionate 0,05% sebagai kontrol positif, dan kelompok V dioles dengan basis salep (lanolin vaselin 1:1) sebagai kontrol negatif. Frekuensi pengolesan salep pada luka ditelinga kelinci tersebut 1 kali/hari, dengan lama pengolesan selama 50 hari kedepan. Setiap hari dilakukan pengukuran morfologi klinis ketinggian skar. Pada hari ke 56 setelah punch biopsy, dilakukan penilaian akhir morfologi klinis jaringan skar hipertrofi, kemudian kelinci didekapitasi, diambil jaringan skar hipertrofi kemudian dibuat preparat histologis (HE, Von Gieson) dan imunohistokimia (VEGF). Salep atorvastatin 5% mampu menghambat pembentukan skar hipertrofi pada telinga kelinci New Zealand dengan nilai median skoring ketinggian jaringan skar sebesar 1(1-3), nilai SEI rata-rata sebesar 1,49±0,37 mm, dan nilai ekspresi VEGF sebesar 12,71±4,27%. Salep atorvastatin 5% mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai obat penghambat pembentukan skar hipertrofi baru dengan mekanisme penghambatan terhadap VEGF. Untuk pengembangan obat ini diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai kapan waktu yang paling tepat mulai dioleskan salep atorvastatin setelah terjadi luka berisiko terbentuknya skar hipertrofi. Kata kunci: Atorvastatin, skar hipertrofi, VEGF, telinga kelinci.
THE DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RIGHT VENTRICLE SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN INFERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Purwaningtyas Niniek
Published: May 2018

Right ventricular (RV) involvement increases mortality and morbidity in inferior myocardial infarction (MI). There are sparse data on the usefulness of pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the diagnosis of RV dysfunction in ST segment elevation MI (STEMI). This study evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of RV systolic and diastolic function compared to classical electrocardiographic RVMI diagnostic criteria in this group of patients. Consecutive patients with first, acute, inferior STEMI were prospectively assessed. The RVMI was defined as an ST-segment elevation ≥ 0.1 mV in lead V4R. Echocardiography with TDI was performed within24 h of the onset of symptoms. Out of 31 patients (mean age 56.39 ± 9.02 years), RVMI was found in 18 (37%). Multivariate analysis showed that two variables—RV systolic and diastolic function, were independent predictors of in-hospital prognosis. Sensitivity and specificity the RV systolic function were 94,4% and 69,2%, respectively. While RV diastolic function were 44% and 76,9%, respectively. RV systolic function predict ECG diagnosis of RVMI with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. RV diastolic function predict ECG diagnosis of RVMI with relatively low sensitivity but with high specificity.Keywords: tissue Doppler imaging, RV myocardial infarction, inferior myocardial infarction
PENGARUH CHLOROQUINE TERHADAP INTERLEUKIN-1β, AKTIVASI CASPASE-1 DAN SURVIVAL RATE PADA TIKUS MODEL SEPSIS
Authors: Suseno Aryo , Sumandjar Tatar , Purwanto HM Bambang
Published: May 2018

Sepsis masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di ruang rawat intensif. Mekanisme sepsis belum diketahui secara penuh. Perlunya metode-metode baru dalam penanganan sepsis. Penelitian-penelitian baru menemukan adanya peran dari Nod-like Receptor dan inflammasome. Chloroquine menunjukkan hasil yang cukup menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh qloroquin terhadap interleukin-1β, aktivasi caspase-1 dan survival rate pada tikus model sepsis. Penelitian adalah eksperimen hewan coba (Rattus norvegicus) yang disepsiskan dengan Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP). Sampel 52 tikus, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok; Kelompok 1 untuk IL-1β dan kelompok 2 aktivasi Caspase-1. Tiap kelompok dibagi 3 sub kelompok; kontrol tanpa CLP + placebo (NaCl 0.9% 2ml), perlakuan dengan CLP + placebo, dan kelompok terapi dengan CLP +Chloroquine (CHQ) 50mg/Kg BB personde. Terapi dan placebo diberikan 24, 48 dan 72 Jam setelah CLP. Tikus mati dan moribund dicatat sebagai mortalitas. Pada hari ke 6, tikus yang hidup diambil darahnya dan dikorbankan dengan dislokasi servikal. Kadar IL-1β dengan ELISA pada serum, Aktivasi Caspase-1 dengan Flowcytometry dengan pewarnaan FLICA 660 pada Peripheral Blood Mono-Nuclear Cells (PBMC) dan Whole Blood (WB). Analisis dengan SPSS 22. Beda rerata masing-masing subkelompok dianalisa dengan ANOVA bila distribusi normal dan atau uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan dengan Mann–Whitney.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan survival rate yang bermakna antar sub-kelompok dan antar kelompok (mean 52 vs 62, CI: (-37.32) - 27.98, P=0.767). Didapatkan rerata kadar IL-1β yang lebih rendah pada kelompok terapi dibanding kelompok perlakuan (mean 0.08975 vs 0.09680 CI: (-0.024) – 0.0097, P=0,376), namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Rerata tingkat aktivasi Caspase-1 pada PBMC (mean 9,46 vs 15.04 CI: (-6.72) – 24.82 , P=0.865) dan WB (mean 2,99 vs 10,99 CI: (-5.303) – 5.844, P=0.478) lebih rendah pada kelompok terapi dibanding perlakuan walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penghambatan kadar inflamasi tidak berhubungan langsung dengan survival rate. Mekanisme anti-inflamasi Chloroquine, salah satunya, tampak melewati jalur inflammasome. Kata kunci: Sepsis, Chloroquine, Inflammasome, Caspase-1, IL-1β, Survival rate.
EFEKTIVITAS LARUTAN MADU KELENGKENG (Euphoria longana Sp.) TERHADAP PEMUTIHAN GIGI (BLEACHING)
Authors: Riolina Ana , Rahmasari Aryant Dentia
Published: May 2018

Bleaching adalah suatu cara yang digunakan untuk pemutihan gigi yang menggunakan bahan oksidator kuat. Oksidator yang biasa digunakan adalah hidrogen peroksida. Madu memiliki glucose oxidase yang berperan membentuk hidrogen peroksida saat madu dilarutkan dalam air. Kadar hidrogen peroksida dalam madu rata-rata 0,003%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas larutan madu kelengkeng (Euphoria longana Sp.) terhadap pemutihan gigi (bleaching). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan metode randomized pretest - postest controlled group design.Digunakan sampel 15 gigi premolar post ekstraksi. Pre-test dilakukan terlebih dahulu untuk mengukur warna gigi sebelum perlakuan. Larutan madu disiapkan dengan perbandingan 1:1 sebanyak 60 ml. Perlakuan pada sampel dilakukan selama 14 hari, setiap hari perendaman selama 3 jam dan setelah itu sampel direndam dalam saliva buatan. Pada hari ke 14 dilakukan pengukuran intensitas warna sebagai post-test. Hasil pengukuran diolah dengan dental digital photo CIE L*a*b* analysis. Hasil uji levene’s test didapatkan hasil distribusi data normal p = 0,311 (p > 0,05 ), sehingga digunakan uji Independent T-test dan didapatkan hasil p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efektivitas dari madu kelengkeng (Euphoria Longana Sp) untuk pemutihan gigi. Kata Kunci: Madu, Madu kelengkeng, Hidrogen peroksida, pemutihan gigi, warna gigi
Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012
Authors: Yahya Imam
Published: May 2018

Sengketa ekonomi syariah sebelum adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012, masih terdapat pilihan forum, bisa di Pengadilan Agama atau di Pengadilan Umum. Namun dengan terbitnya putusan MK maka kewenangan mengadili perkara ekonomi syariah ada di Pengadilan Agama, sesuai dengan Undang-undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Peradilan Agama. Bagi Pengadilan Agama, putusan MK ini menjadi momen penting untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dengan mempersiapkan;  1) penguatan SDM Hakim dan Panitera,  2) penguatan hukum materiil dan hukum acaranya yakni Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) serta Kompilasi Hukum Acara Ekonomi Syariah (KHAES), serta 3) adanya dukungan masyarakat yang maksimal.Secarahukum, sengketa ekonomi syariah menjadi kompetensi Pengadilan Agama sejak berlakunya Undang-UndangRI  Nomor  3  Tahun  2006 tahun. Namun faktanya sengketa ekonomi syariah tidak serta merta diselesaikan di Pengadilan Agama karena banyak peraturan dan tafsir yang berbeda.
Sejarah Pergulatan Politik Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: M. Sirajuddin
Published: May 2018

Kajian ini difokuskan pada pembahasan tentang bagaimana eksistensi relasi hukum Islam dan politik hukum di Indonesia dengan pendekatan sejarah. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk melihat sejarah eksistensi hukum Islam dalam sistem pelembagaan hukum di Indonesia.Adapun metode kajian ini adalah kajian politik hukum dengan pendekatan historis-hermeneutik E. Betti. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan meminjam kajian hermeuntika Betti, dapat diungkap sumbangan teoritik dalam kajian historis terhadap norma hukum Islam, yakni bahwa apa yang berlaku di masa lalu masih dan dapat memungkinkan untuk menjadi pondasi dasar dalam pembangunan hukum berikutnya. Oleh sebab itu, pembangunan hukum nasional tidak dapat menafikan peran historis norma hukum Islam yang telah memberikan warna tersendiri bagi masyarakat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, relasi norma hukum Islam dan politik hukum menjadi satu kesatuan yang erat kaitannya karena norma hukum Islam sebagai sumber material hukum nasional. Sejarah membuktikan bahwa sejak zaman kerajaan Islam di Nusantara, Kemerdekaan RI hingga masa reformasi, norma hukum Islam masih tetap menjadi sumber materiil yang mewarnai dan mempengaruhi karakter pembangunan hukum nasional. Pelembagaan norma hukum Islam dalam pembangunan hukum nasional merupakan tindakan konstitusional karena sesuai dengan jiwa dan semangat Pancasila dan UUD-NRI 1945.
Polemik di Seputar Hukum Isbat Nikah dalam Sistem Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia
Authors: Sururie Ramdani Wahyu
Published: May 2018

"Isbat nikah" is the verification of a marriage. Juridically, marriage verification is regulated under the laws such as Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage, Law Number 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts, and Law No. 3 of 2006 and Law Number 50 of 2009 on Changes in the Religious Courts Act. The regulations stipulate that marriage verification is allowed for marriage performed before the Law Number 1 of 1974. In practice, marriage verification submitted to the Religious Court is done after the enactment of Law Number 1 of 1974. The acceptance of "marriage verification" by the Religious Court for the marriage taken place after the 1974 Marriage Law was based on the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), whereas KHI's legal status is not included in the Indonesian legal order. The essence of marriage verification is a legal determination. This means that a verified marriage remains valid because the marriage that is verified is merely on administrative reason. The position of marriage verification is a part of giving legal protection and legal certainty. The position of the KHI, which regulates in more detail the marriage verification, functions regulatively in the midst of a vacuum of religious judicial law. In addition, the judge may decide whether to grant or deny the application of marriage verification. Thus, it can be concluded that the nature of marriage verification is a part of legal discretion.
Ide Pluralistik dalam Pemberian Fatwa Perspektif Syihab al-Din al-Qarafi (626-684 H/1228-1285 M)
Authors: Suraji Suraji
Published: May 2018

This article studies the thought of al-Qarafi who lived in (626-684 H/ 1228-1285 M) in al-Qarafah - Kairo, Eqypt about the pluralistic ideas in giving fatwa  (legal opinion). Al-Qarafiâ€™s pluralistic ideas in giving fatwa include several issues. First, if a fatwa is requested by someone or a community that is not affiliated or committed to (taqlid) imam maz\hab (a mazhab leader), mujtahid or a certain opinion, a mufti (a scholar who gives fatwa) has freedom to give fatwa based on law opinion of which he believes to have the most excellent fundamental law. In contrast, if the fatwa request is from someone or a certain community that has made a pledge, affiliated, or socially identified to a certain maz\hab or tend to a certain law, mufti serves as an agent to choose a law opinion that is suitable with their maz\hab, belief, and religious social identity. Second, for those who request fatwa (mustafti) who want to change to other maz\hab (intiqal) or the result of other ijtihad (ideas) that he believes, there are no hindrances for him and that he deserves to get fatwa  in accordance to the maz\hab that he believes. Among the implications of al-Qarafiâ€™s pluralistic ideas in giving fatwa on the development of thoughts of contemporary Islamic law is giving the pragmatism principle foundation in the application of law. The implementation of the al-Qarafiâ€™s ideas is also meaningful in establishing maz\hab tolerance, creating respectful situation in facing different opinion, and making harmony in interaction among Moslems.
The Rise of Syari'a Movements In Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Marom Ahmad Anfasul
Published: May 2018

Sejak dikeluarkannya UU OTODA (Otonomi Daerah) no. 22/1999 yang kemudian direvisi dengan UU no. 32/2004, kurang lebih ada 52 Pemda (Pemerintah Daerah) yang secara formal menerapkan Perda (Peraturan Daerah) bernuansa Syariâ€™ah. Manifestasi Perda-perda ini sangat beragam mulai dari kewajiban mengenakan jilbab, wajib bisa baca al-Qurâ€™an bagi PNS (Pegawai Negeri Sipil) yang ingin naik pangkat dan pelajar yang akan tes masuk sekolah lanjutan, serta formalisasi perda zakat ala Pemda. Padahal, menurut UU OTODA urusan agama sama sekali bukan urusan Pemda. Pemerintah Pusat tampaknya tak peduli kalau tidak dikatakan â€˜powerlessâ€™ atas fenomena formalisasi keagamaan ini. Secara teoritis, menjamurnya Perda Syariâ€™ah ini bisa dianulir dengan mudah oleh Kementerian Dalam Negeri karena bertentangan dengan hirarki UU yang lebih tinggi (UU no.32/2004). Paper ini menganalisa situasi kontemporer, tantangan baru bagi proses demokrasi, dan memprediksi masa depan potret masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Ada dua isu utama yang akan dibahas di sini: a) argumentasi baik yang pro maupun kontra atas penerapan Perda Syariah ini. b) tantangan baru bagi proses demokratisasi di Indonesia di mana mayoritas penduduk Muslim terbesar di Dunia. Sebagian berpendapat penerapan Perda Syariâ€™a bisa saja menjadi â€˜bom waktuâ€™ yang dapat mengancam demokratisasi dan keanekaragaman masyarakat Indonesia. Selanjutnya, saya akan menganalisa asumsi ini dengan mengadaptasi temuan riset PPIM (Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Masyarakat) dan LSI (Lembaga Survei Indonesia) terkait dengan respon publik terhadap isu pluralisme, toleransi, dan Perda Syariâ€™ah.