bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über die Situation der Jungwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler in der Psychologie in Österreich
Authors: Bergmann Jakob C. , Mües Hanna M. , Mosbacher Jochen , Eckerstorfer Lisa V. , Pomper Ulrich , Malkoc Smirna , Hofer Gabriela , Kachel Timo A. , Goller Florian
Published: October 2020

Theoretical Background: Uncertainty with respect to professional prospects, a challenging work-life-balance and health problems as well as moderate to high work satisfaction are associated with being a young scientist. This paper aims to investigate the working conditions, job satisfaction, and strain of early stage researchers working in the field of psychology in Austria. To date, no systematic investigations have examined the working situations of these individuals.Methods: A total of 97 early stage researchers – 64 praedocs (66% female; M Age = 29.84 years, SD Age = 4.00 years), and 33 postdocs (55% female, M Age = 33.39 years, SD Age = 3.41 years) – participated in an online survey.Results: The results reveal that both groups report highly demanding working conditions (e.g. uncertain career paths due to temporary work contracts, high number of additional hours of work done outside the contractual work hours), moderate to high levels of work satisfaction and moderate to low strain.Conclusion: A considerable number of potential areas for improvement become apparent. However, due to the small sample size, the representativeness as well as generalizability of the results are limited. Based on the results of this survey, possible measures to improve the current situation are presented. This article provides guidance for potential future early stage researchers.
Development of Parent-Adolescent Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Stress and Coping
Authors: Donker Monika H. , Mastrotheodoros Stefanos , Branje Susan
Published: October 2020

The extensive measures to prevent spread of COVID-19 have had a major impact on families’ daily lives. Changes in family routines and experiences of COVID-19-related stress might negatively impact the quality of parenting and the parent-adolescent relationship. However, using active coping strategies might be associated with limited negative or even positive changes in the parent-adolescent relationship. This longitudinal, multi-informant, and pre-registered study used data of 240 mostly Dutch parents (85% mothers; Mage 44.2 years old) and adolescents (50% girls; Mage 11.4 years) from diverse SES backgrounds. Using Latent Change Score models, we examined how parent-reported parenting (i.e., positive parenting and discipline practices) and adolescent-reported relationship quality (i.e., support and negative interaction) changed from pre-COVID-19 (Fall 2019) to the COVID-19 period (Spring 2020). Moreover, we investigated whether parents’ and adolescents’ level of COVID-19-related stress was associated with the change in relationships, and whether active coping moderated the association between stress and changes in relationships. Results showed average decreases in support, positive parenting, and negative interactions between parents and adolescents. COVID-19-related stress was not a direct predictor of relationship changes and there was little evidence of moderating effects. Only adolescents’ use of active coping strategies moderated the effect of stress on positive parenting. For high active coping adolescents, the link between stress and change in positive parenting was negative, whereas for low active coping adolescents this link was positive. The findings suggest that parent-adolescent relationships during a pandemic need attention, especially for adolescents with high stress levels and using active coping strategies.
Discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of obesity amongst the undergraduate medical and dental students: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Manandhar Nilu , Bhattarai Kushal
Published: October 2020

Background: Obesity has been reported to be assessed both subjectively and objectively, with varying degrees of agreement. This study was conducted to assess the discrepancy between the subjective and objective measures of obesity amongst undergraduate medical and dental students.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed and conducted at College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Nepal, from December 2019 to January 2020. First and second year under­graduate medical and dental students were first asked to report their height and weight, which were subsequently measured using standard stadiometer and weighing balance. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from both subjective and objective height and weight, and was graded into different categories as underweight, normal, overweight and obese.

Results: Of the 181 participants, 51.4% were males. The prevalences of subjective and objective overweight/obesity were 24.8% and 25.4%, respectively, with the difference being –0.6% (95% CI: –9.5% to 8.4%; p>0.05). Likewise, the differences in prevalence rates were +4.3% (95% CI: –8.6% to 17.2%; p>0.05) in males and –5.7% (95% CI: –17.9% to 6.6%; p>0.05) in females. Further, the differences between the mean values of subjective and objective BMI were +0.4kg/m2 (p=0.086, overall); +0.9kg/m2 (p=0.002, males) and –0.3kg/m2 (p=0.122, females).

Conclusions: In the face of varying degrees of discrepancy between subjective and objective mea­sures of obesity in overall participants as well as in both gender groups, the findings suggest a reasonable degree of acceptability of the subjective assessment.
Estimation of salivary pH, buffering capacity, flow rate, caries prevalence and oral manifestation in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis
Authors: Ojha Bidhata , Baral Radha , Bajracharya Dipshikha
Published: October 2020

Background: Renal failure is a process that expresses a loss of functional capacity of the nephrons, independently of its etiology. Although acute renal failure is reversible in the majority of cases, chronic renal failure presents a progressive course towards terminal renal failure. Hemodialysis is the most widely used technique leading to systemic alterations, oral complications and variations in the flow and composition of the saliva. The purpose of this study was to estimate salivary pH, buffering capacity, flow rate in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis with its oral manifestation and caries prevalence.

Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 40 patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis and 40 healthy subjects after taking the informed consent. Saliva samples were then taken to the lab for processing. Salivary pH, buffering capacity and flow rate was estimated. DMFT was calculated. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23.

Results: A statistically significant rise in salivary pH, buffering capacity with decrease in flow rate was noted in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis compared to controls. Furthermore, decrease in DMFT value was noted in CRF group despite of poor oral hygiene of the patient. We could also observe different oral manifestations in CRF group among which uremic fetor being the commonest.

Conclusions: Our report suggest that saliva is noninvasive tool which act as an adjunct in diagnos­ing oral lesions and manifestations in CRF patients whose oral hygiene is often neglected with their reluctance in long term dental appointment in the middle of regular hemodialysis schedule.
Knowledge regarding preventive measures of pressure ulcer among nurses
Authors: Neupane Gita , Sah Chanda
Published: October 2020

Background: Pressure ulcer is a preventable medical complication. Nurses are primarily respon­sible in pressure ulcer prevention. This study was designed to find out knowledge regarding pre­ventive measures of pressure ulcer among nurses.

Methods: Descriptive study was conducted among 100 nurses, selected by using non-probability convenience sampling technique. Pretested Self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20.0.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that nearly half (48%) of the respondents had low knowledge regarding pressure ulcer. Regarding age, majority (52%) of the respondents were of age group 18-27 years. Regarding qualification, 48% of the respondents were PCL nursing and 47% had working experience of 1-5 years. Similarly, 17% of respondents were working in Gynecology ward and 85% had exposed to managed patients with pressure ulcer. Among them, 76% of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning and 96% had knowledge regarding signs of pres­sure ulcer. Ninety two percent of the respondents had knowledge that position of patients should be changed every 2 hourly, 38% had knowledge that patient’s head should be elevated at or below 300 and 73% had knowledge that normal saline is the best solution to cleanse pressure ulcer. There was statistically significant association of respondents’ level of knowledge regarding ulcer with working department (p=0.001).

Conclusions: The study concluded that nearly half of the nurses have low knowledge regarding pressure ulcer. It is recommended to hospital management to conduct in-service education for nurses.
Pain experience and nursing approaches to pain control among patients undergone abdominal surgery at tertiary hospital
Authors: Rana Mana Maya , Shakya Nona
Published: October 2020

Background: Pain is the most common problem found in postoperative patients. Even with im­proved and advanced surgical techniques, people still feel some pain and discomfort after surgery.

Methods: The descriptive study was carried out to assess pain experience and nursing approaches to pain control among 111 post- operative patients at surgical ward of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The data was collected in the month of May to July, 2019. Wong Baker Pain rating scale and structured questionnaire were used to collect data. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistic.

Results: Almost all the patients experienced pain after surgery, the most common site of pain was at surgical incision. Majority (90.1%) of them felt more pain while changing position. Conversely, 88.3% of patients reported least pain during rest. While 55% of them had reported moderate level of pain. Mean severity of pain experienced by patients was 4.8±2.4. Regarding nursing approaches, 82% of patients told that nurse had frequently asked whether they had pain, 80.2% of them re­ported that the nurse administered pain killer drugs when they required. However, none of them told non-pharmacological methods such as massage, listening music, imagination to distraction of pain were performed. The significant association was seen in level of pain with post-operative day.

Conclusions: The findings of study indicate that the majority of patients experienced pain in the first day of surgery, and it is clear that effective pain management is essential in early day of opera­tion.
Mirror of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in Lumbini Provincial Hospital
Authors: Joshi Pushpa Raj , Pokhrel Sharad , Thapaliya Narad Prashad
Published: October 2020

Background: Upper Gastro Intestinal (UGI) endoscopy is a common and important procedure for UGI problems. In Nepal, especially to this region, there have not been many scientific studies about the pattern of diseases seen on UGI endoscopy. This study aimed to enlist patterns of upper GI endoscopic findings done in Lumbini Provincial Hospital.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 200 consecutive patients who underwent UGI endos­copy from August 2017 to February 2018. Data were retrieved retrospectively from prospectively maintained data in computer-based systems and analyzed with SPSS-20.

Results: A total of 200 patients underwent UGI Endoscopy during the study period. Among them, females were 110 (55.0%) and males were 90(45.0%). The mean age of the study population was 46.3% (SD, 17.75). The pain abdomen was the most common indication for UGI endoscopy with 166 cases (83.0%) followed by gastrointestinal bleeding with 22 cases (11.0%). Benign lesions were seen in most of the cases which include non-ulcerative lesions 117(58.5%) and ulcerative benign lesions 72(36%). Malignancies found in 7(3.5%) cases and normal findings in 4 cases.

Conclusions: This study outlines the most common indications for upper GI endoscopy in our set up and disease patterns in those patients. This study will be helpful for an epidemiological study.
Spectrum of ABO and Rh blood group in Nepali medical students
Authors: Joshi Bishal , Kar Sanjit Kumar , Shrestha Laxmi , Yadav Shankar
Published: October 2020

Background: ABO and Rh systems are most important types of blood group systems that should be taken into consideration during blood transfusion. Many studies have been done across the globe to determine the distribution of these blood groups among different strata of population. But there are very few studies done in Nepali population. Therefore, in this study we aimed to find out the distribution of blood groups among Nepali medical students and to compare it with the other studies done in Nepal and other countries of the World.

Methods: This was a retrospective study, containing the data of ABO and Rh blood groups of medi­cal students recorded over a period of 21 years in Department of Physiology of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal. The blood group was determined by open slide test method by using commercially available standard monoclonal antibody.

Results: A total of 2031 Nepali medical students were included in the study. Among them 1147 were male and 884 were female. In the present study we found that the most common blood group was O (739, 36.4%) followed by B (624, 30.7%) and A (522, 25.7%) and least common blood group was AB (146, 7.2%). Among all participants 96.8% of the people were Rh positive and 3.2% were Rh negative.

Conclusions: This study done in Nepali medical students can provide a new insight for the further study of distribution of blood groups in Nepali population. A study with high sample size, repre­senting every zones of Nepal is the demand of future.
Parry Romberg Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Liaquat Admad , Riaz Nabeela , Shah Arun Kumar
Published: October 2020

Parry Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare disorder, characterized by unilateral facial atrophy of the skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles, cartilages, and even bone. Various systemic manifestations re­ported with this syndrome are neurologic, maxillofacial, and ophthalmologic. The etiology is still unknown. Herein we present a case report of 23 years young engineering student who had PRS and got a fracture of the right angle of his mandible after a road traffic accident. The treatment was challenging as he had nonunion at the fracture site.
COVID-19 testing: Essential for tracking infection and helping authority to overcome the challenges of spread
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Piryani Shomeeta , Dangal Ganesh , Huq Muzaherul , Shakya Dhana Ratna
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplet infection and spread very fast compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. For the countries, it is important to know at what stage the COVID-19 epidem­ic is? So, as to take appropriate steps to contain the epidemic. This will only be known by testing the suspects and contacts of confirmed cases. If there is poor testing, then most of the infected people may remain undetected, however they could spread the virus to hundreds of other people and potential contacts, which could not be known and quarantined in time continuing the spread. If there is quality assured, highly sensitive and specific testing along with adequate isolation and quarantine, then the spread will be limited. There are two types of tests available for COVID-19: the tests directly detecting the viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) collected in nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, and tests detecting antibodies from the blood sample. At this point in time, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used for confirmation of the disease while antibodies tests may provide information regarding the prevalence of infection. World Health Organization advices the countries to increase the testing and get to know the level of epidemic and act accordingly for containment of infection.
Fall risk among older adults residing in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Limbu Jogmaya , Poudyal Sunita
Published: October 2020

Background: Falls in older people is a common serious health problem that has profound im­pact on overall health and quality of life of older people. The aim of this study was to assess the fall risk among older adults.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among older adults residing in Bharatpur, Chitwan. A total of 98 older adults were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by using structured interview schedule and fall risk was as­sessed by Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Data were collected from 23rd June, 2019 to 7th July, 2019. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The study findings revealed that more than half (60.2%) of the older adults were from the age group of ≤79 years, male (63.3%) and almost half (50%) were illiterate. Nearly all (96.9%) older adults were living with their family however, 50% were undernourished (BMI- <22.9). Ma­jorities (66.3%) were suffering from chronic diseases and had been taking medicine. Majority of older adults reported vision problem (64.3%) and hearing problem (60.2%). However, only 8.2% reported history of fall within last 6-12 months. More than half (59.2%) of the older adults had high risk of fall and found significant association with age (p=0.039) and vision problem (p=0.043).

Conclusions: More than half of the older adults are in risk of falls. Therefore, more emphasis should be given in screening the older people for fall risk factors as preventive measures.
Practice regarding care of endotracheal tube among nurses working in teaching hospital, Bharatpur
Authors: Adhikari Kanchan Mijar , Subba Hem Kumari
Published: October 2020

Background:Endotracheal intubation is a most common procedure to maintain oxygenation and ventilation among the patients who admitted to critical care unit. So, meticulous care is necessary to maintain airway patency and prevent from complications. The objective of the study was to assess the practice regarding care of endotracheal tube among nurses working at teaching hospital, Bharatpur.

Methods: A descriptive, cross- sectional study was conducted among 56 nurses working in critical care units of a teaching hospital, Chitwan. Sample was selected by using non probability, consecu­tive sampling technique. Data were collected through structured self-administered questionnaire to measure the socio-demographic and professional related information and observation checklist was used to measure the practice regarding care of endotracheal tube. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to find out the association between variables.

Results: Majority (89.3%) of the nurses were above 20 years old, 71.4% of them were completed Proficiency Certificate Level, 60.7% had work experience of equal and less than one year in critical care unit and all of them participated in in-service education. Among 56 nurses, 57.1% had satis­factory level of practice regarding care of endotracheal tube. Nurses had highest mean practice score (79.55%) on suctioning and lowest score (19.22%) on cuff pressure management.

Conclusions: It is concluded that nurses had marginally satisfactory level of practice regarding care of endotracheal tube. Hence, there is need to provide regular training for nurses regarding patient’s care with endotracheal tube.
Variations in formation of median nerve: a cadaveric study
Authors: Hada Shanta , Kadel Muna , Pandit Tinku Kumari , Basnet Kishore Singh
Published: October 2020

Background: Median nerve is generally formed in axilla, as one of the branch of brachial plexus. It is formed by the union of medial and lateral roots which are the branches of me­dial and lateral cord respectively. The knowledge of origin, course and area of distribution of median nerve is important for the anatomist, the neurologist and also for correction of traumatic injuries that are related to brachial plexus. The main objective of this study is to observe different variations in median nerve formation in cadavers.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 formalin fixed adult human ca­davers in the Department of Anatomy, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur Ethical approval was taken. Altogether, 50 specimens were enrolled in the study by convenient sampling method. The calculation was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS).

Results: In this study the formation of median nerve was observed to be normal in 78% of the cases. In 20% cases three roots were forming the median nerve and in 2% cases four roots were present. Among these variations in 18% cases the additional roots were observed to be given by the lateral cord of the brachial plexus.

Conclusions: This study concludes that most of the median nerve forms in axilla by the union of two roots with few variations.
Perbedaan Locus of Control ditinjau dari Perspektif Agama pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Sujadi Eko , Meditamar Muhammad Odha
Published: October 2020

Locus of control merupakan salah satu aspek psikologis yang ada pada diri manusia. Setiap individu memiliki perbedaan dalam locus of control. Perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan locus of control penganut Agama Islam, Katolik dan Protestan, serta mengungkapkan perbedaan locus of control dari ketiga penganut agama tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan komparatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yakni random sampling dengan jumlah total 546 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan anova satu arah. Temuan penelitian ini meliputi: 1) locus of control penganut agama Islam, Protestan dan Katolik berada pada kategori internal locus of control; dan 2) tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan locus of control antara tiga penganut agama tersebut. Peneliti memberi saran kepada seluruh penganut agama di Indonesia bahwa penting untuk memiliki internal locus of control. Internal locus of control yang dimaksud yakni meyakini bahwa diri memiliki kapasitas dan kontribusi untuk menentukan kehidupan namun dengan tidak melepaskan kewajiban berketuhanan.
Identifikasi Pola Penyakit Pada Citra Iris Mata dengan RBF Neural Network
Authors: Yohandy Daniel Hadrian , Wiranata I Made Normo , Ferbia Tea Qaula
Published: October 2020

AbstrakGaya kehidupan manusia semakin beragam dan padat sehingga banyak terjadi dimana penyakit dan gangguan pada tubuh diketahui ketika sudah dalam kondisi parah. Kebanyakan manusia tidak disiplin dalam memantau kesehatan mereka karena dirasa belum ada cara yang mudah dan efisien, cara yang mayoritas digunakan adalah check-up ke rumah sakit. Iris mata manusia dapat menjadi salah satu media atau sarana dalam mengenali gangguan kondisi tubuh seseorang. Pola yang muncul pada iris mata dapat dikenali dengan bantuan teknologi jaringan saraf tiruan yang salah satunya adalah metode RBF yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini. Hasil yang ditemui pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan metode RBF mampu untuk mengenali pola yang ada di iris mata, dan dapat memberikan hasil pengenalan penyakit kompleks dan stress dengan akurasi yang dibilang masih rata-rata (sekitar 50%).  Kata Kunci: Penyakit, Iris Mata, Pola, RBF AbstractHuman lifestyle is more diverse and dense, so much happening where disease and disturbance in the body are known when it is in severe condition. Most humans are not disciplined in monitoring their health because it feels there is no easy and efficient way, the way that the majority used is the check-up to the hospital. The iris of the human eye can be one of the media or means in recognizing a person's body condition disorder. Patterns that appear on the iris can be identified with the help of artificial neural network technology one of which is the RBF method used in this study. The results found in this study are the use of RBF method to recognize the existing pattern in the iris and can provide the results of the introduction of complex diseases and stress with an accuracy that is still fairly average (about 50%). Keywords: Disease, Eye Iris, Pattern, RBF
Verifikasi Citra Tanda Tangan Menggunakan Metode Prewitt dan Learning Vector Quantization
Authors: Sefta Asfanji , Hidayatulloh Syarif
Published: October 2020

AbstrakTanda tangan adalah salah satu bukti persetujuan dari seseorang, Jadi tanda tangan ini memiliki arti yang sangat penting. Sering terjadi Kasus pemalsuan tanda tangan, antara lain disebabkan oleh sistem verifikasi yang tidak baik. Verifikasi tanda tangan ini kebanyakan dilakukan secara manual, Yaitu dengan membandingkan langsung dengan menggunakan mata Manusia yang memiliki banyak kelemahan. Jadi ketelitian dan keakuratan hasil yang diinginkan sering kurang memuaskan. Metode yang saya gunakan dalam membangun aplikasi verifikasi tanda tangan ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode Edge Detection dan metode Vector Quantization Learning. Program ini dibangun menggunakan Matlab. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari pengujian sistem verifikasi tanda tangan dengan menerapkan metode edge detection operator prewitt dan metode Learning vector Quantization dengan penghitung vektor, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Metode Edge Detection operator prewitt dan Learning Vector Quantization dengan penghitung vektor dapat mengekstraksi fitur tanda tangan untuk memproses vektor yang digunakan dalam penghitungan vektor untuk mengenali tanda tangan yang asli dan yang palsu pada aplikasi verifikasi tanda tangan yang  membantu memverifikasi tanda tangan sehingga meminimalisasi pemalsuan tanda tangan.  Kata Kunci : Citra, Edge Detection, Vector Quantization Learning, Tanda Tangan AbstractThe signature is one of the proof of approval from a person, so this signature has a very important meaning. There are often cases of signature forgery, partly due to a poor verification system. This signature verification is mostly done manually, that is by comparing it directly using the eyes of a human who has many weaknesses. So the accuracy and accuracy of the desired results are often unsatisfactory. The method that I use in building this signature verification application is to use the Edge Detection method and the Vector Quantization Learning method. This program is built using Matlab. Based on the research results obtained from the signature verification system testing by applying edge detection operator prewitt method and Learning vector Quantization method with vector counters, the conclusion is that the Edge Detection Method operator prewitt and Learning Vector Quantization with vector counters can extract signature features to process vectors used in vector counting to identify original and fake signatures in the signature verification application that helps verify the signature so as to minimize signature falsification. Keywords: Image, Edge Detection, Vector Quantization Learning, Signature
ANALISA PERBANDINGAN METODE TOPSIS, SAW DAN WP MELALUI UJI SENSITIFITAS UNTUK MENENTUKAN PEMILIHAN SUPPLIER
Authors: Yusnaeni Wina , Ningsih Rahayu
Published: October 2020

Pemilihan suplier yang baik dalam penyediaan bahan baku produksi adalah salah satu faktor yang penting dalam sebuah produksi di perusahaan. Banyak hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam pemilihan suplier bahan baku, karena bahan baku yang di sediakan harus memiliki kualitas yang baik dan sebanding dengan nilai ekonomi yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan. PT. Tiga Sekawan Perkasa adalah sebuah perusahaan manufaktur yang melakukan pengolahan bahan baku mentah menjadi bahan jadi, oleh karena itu perusahaan membutuhkan suplier yang baik sehingga bisa menyuplai kebutuhan bahan baku yang memiliki kualitas yang baik, dengan sistem pengiriman yang fleksibel dan harga yang bersaing. Maka dibutuhkanlah sebuah sistem pemilihan keputusan untuk mendapatkan suplier bahan baku oli yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan sehingga bisa menjuang jalannya produksi dengan baik. Kriteria yang telah di tentukan oleh perusahaan dalam pemilihan bahan baku adalah harga, pengiriman, volume dan memiliki kualitas yang baik. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah TOPSIS, SAW, WP dan Perhitungan Uji Sensifitas untuk melihat mana yang lebih relevan dengan studi kasus yang di bahas oleh penulis dalam menentukan suplier yang baik. Dari hasil pengujian metode yang dipergunakan dari tiga metode TOPSIS, SAW dan WP menghasilkan hasil yang berbeda Penggunaan uji sensitifitas menghasilkan metode yang sesuai dengan studi kasus ini yaitu metode topsis. Dengan nilai perubahan TOPSIS sebesar 1,59 %, SAW Sebesar 1% dan WP sebesar 0,288%.
Editorial
Authors: Khan Abrahim H.
Published: October 2020

[Figure: see text]
Bahan Ajar Determinan dan Invers Matriks Berbasis Android untuk SMA Kelas XI
Authors: Safitri Devi Wahyu , Zulkardi  , Hapizah
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan bahan ajar determinan dan invers matriks berbasis android untuk SMA Kelas XI yang valid dan praktis, dan (2) mengetahui efek potensialnya terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI. IPA 6 SMA Negeri 8 Palembang yang terdiri dari 34 orang sebagai subjek penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan atau development research yang terdiri dari dua tahapan, yaitu: tahap preliminary meliputi analisis dan desain, dan tahap formative evaluation meliputi self evaluation, prototyping (expert review, one to one, small group), dan field test. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan walkthrough, observasi, wawancara dan tes. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) bahan ajar determinan dan invers matriks berbasis android untuk SMA Kelas XI terkategori valid dan praktis, dan (2) bahan ajar yang dikembangkan memiliki efek potensial terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik rata-rata terkategori baik, yaitu 13 orang memiliki kemampuan dalam kategori sangat baik, 12 orang terkategori baik, 4 orang terkategori cukup, dan 5 orang terkategori kurang.
Validitas E-Modul Matematika Berbasis EPUB3 Menggunakan Analisis Rasch Model
Authors: Ramadhani Rahmi , Fitri Yulia
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan validasi terhadap konten dan item soal pada E-Modul yang dikembangkan menggunakan aplikasi SIGIL berbasis EPUB3 dan melakukan pemetaan terhadap tingkat kesukaran soal dan kemampuan siswa dalam menjawab item soal pada materi statistika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mix-mode yang terdiri dari review literatur, validasi item dan konstruk serta validasi pakar. E-Modul divalidasi menggunakan tiga tahapan, yakni validasi item dan konstruk menggunakan Rasch Model serta validasi konten E-Modul yang dilakukan oleh pakar. Total item tes sebanyak 25 soal pilihan ganda, terdiri dari soal ukuran pemusatan data, ukuran penyebaran data serta penyajian data. Item soal tersebut diuji pada 44 orang siswa level menengah. Hasil pengujian validasi item dan konstruk menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 6 soal yang valid dan reliabel serta tingkat kesukaran item soal terdiri dari sangat sukar, sukar, sedang, mudah dan sangat mudah. Hasil pengujian menggunakan variabel (wright) map menunjukkan bahwa dari 6 soal pilihan ganda yang valid, terdapat 3 soal yang memiliki bias perbedaan yang signifikan (faktor gender) dan masih perlu untuk dilakukan perbaikan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen tes yang masih memiliki bias perbedaan perlu dilakukan perbaikan, namun secara konten materi statistika yang ada pada E-Modul sudah layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran statistika.
A design concept of a device for measuring air flow resistance in vehicle filters
Authors: Misztuk Adrian
Published: October 2020

Internal combustion engines have to be supplied with adequate amounts of fuel and air. The required amount of fuel and air is determined by the engine controller to guarantee that the fuel reaching the cylinder is burned effectively and that the composition of exhaust gas meets standard requirements. The air supplied to an internal combustion engine has to be adequately filtered because impurities reaching the engine can accelerate the wear of engine components. The air intake system features a filtering partition which captures impurities and prevents them from reaching the engine. However, the filtering process decreases the rate at which cylinders are filled with fresh air, which can compromise engine performance. Therefore, effective solutions are needed to ensure that the flow of filtered air does not significantly decrease the volumetric efficiency of cylinders. 

This study presents a design concept of a device for measuring pressure in the air intake system in front of and behind the filtering partition. The proposed device can be useful for measuring filter wear. A prototype of the proposed device was built and tested on several air filters. To eliminate throttle valve impacts, the device was tested in a compression ignition engine. The results of the conducted tests demonstrated that the device correctly measured air flow. The conducted measurements also revealed that the presence of impurities in the air filter induced differences in pressure in the air intake system in front of and behind the filtering partition. The maximum air flow resistance in a clogged filter could be even 100% higher than in a brand new filter.

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono koncepcję stanowiska umożliwiającego prowadzenie pomiarów ciśnienia panującego w kanale dolotowym silnika przed i za przegrodą filtracyjną powietrza, które mogą być przydatne przy określaniu stopnia jej zużycia. Dodatkowo zbudowano prototyp urządzenia i w celu weryfikacji poprawności jego działania przeprowadzono za jego pomocą badania przykładowych filtrów. Badania wykonano z użyciem silnika spalinowego o zapłonie samoczynnym. Wyniki pomiarów potwierdzają działanie urządzenia oraz obrazują zależności pomiędzy filtrami o różnym stopniu zużycia. Okazuje się, że maksymalny opór przepływu zużytego wkładu filtracyjnego może być nawet o ok. 100% większy niż w przypadku nowego wkładu filtracyjnego.
What makes you move? A minimalist study of object displacement in English Double Object Construction
Authors: Bartczak-Meszyńska Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyse the displacement phenomena the direct and indirect objects in the English Double Object Construction (DOC) can undergo. The focus is on the movement out of the DOC to the sentence initial position. The analysis concerns not only globally acceptable Goal-Theme object sequence but also the Theme-Goal DOC, which grammaticality is restricted only to a few British English dialects. The processes affecting the objects in the Prepositional Construction are also mentioned. The initial part of the paper is devoted to the underlying syntactic representations of the DOC in English. Following, e.g. Citko (2011), Cuervo (2003), Pylkkännen (2002, 2008), a representation with the Low Applicative Phrase has been adopted. The exact case valuation mechanism for relevant objects (as proposed by Bondaruk and Bartczak-Meszyńska (2014)) has been established. The remaining part of this paper contains a detailed discussion of the derivation of particular object initial sentences with the DOC in the active and in the passive and the interplay between passivisation and topicalisation, as the triggers of the object fronting.
Derivatives based on participles in Irish and Polish and the inflection–derivation distinction
Authors: Bloch-Trojnar Maria
Published: October 2020

Greenberg’s Universal 28 says that ‘if both the derivation and inflection follow the root, or they both precede the root, the derivation is always between the root and the inflection’ (Greenberg 1966: 93). Booij (1994: 27) undermines this by allowing inherent inflection to feed derivation. There is abundant literature showing that inherent inflection can feed derivation in Germanic, Romance and Slavic languages (Booij 1994, 1996, Chapman 1996, Rainer 1996, Cetnarowska 1999). The aim of this paper is to describe and compare derivational categories related to participle forms in Irish and Polish. These include among others agent nouns, adjectives of tendency/inclination, resultative passive adjectives and facilitative adjectives. Stump (2005: 52) points out that the terms present and past participle are, in fact, misnomers since participles are uninflected for tense, and they should be regarded as stems conveying aspect information plus the lexical information of the root. The existence of derivatives based on inflected forms is usually taken as evidence against the inflection-derivation dichotomy, and in favour of a tripartition into contextual inflection, inherent inflection and derivation. The paper addresses the theoretical ramifications of the existence of such derivatives for inferential-realisational approaches (Stump 2001), such as for example Beard’s (1995) Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology, which separates the operations on the grammatical (morpholexical and morphosyntactic) features and operations responsible for the morphophonological modification of the root/stem.
Selected aspects of amount relatives: The Romanian-English connection
Authors: Grosu Alexander , Giurgea Ion
Published: October 2020

The inter-related goals of this paper are: (i) To contribute to a better understanding of the semantic and morphological properties of amount relatives in Romanian, (ii) to compare and contrast these constructions with their English counterparts, and (iii) to bring into bolder relief than has so far been done in the literature the fact that amount relatives in general are compatible not only with an amount denotation of the complex DPs that contain them, but with an entity denotation as well.
Is there a method in this… madness? On variance between two manuscript copies of a Middle English Psalter
Authors: Lis Kinga
Published: October 2020

The objective of the paper is to determine the extent and the possible sources of the intertextual lexical variation between two manuscript copies of a single Middle English Psalter known, among other names, as the Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter. The purpose of the paper can be understood only if one approaches the variance from a medieval perspective on text with respect for the inherent features of manuscript culture and an understanding of the exceptional character of the text analysed in the study, which topics are briefly discussed within the paper. The extent of the variance is measured in relation to the nominal choices attested in the two copies of the text, the rationale behind the variation being sought separately in each case, taking into account the contextual intricacies of all the occurrences of the nouns under analysis.
Vocabulary research in 1983: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Meara Paul
Published: October 2020

This paper belongs to a series of studies devoted to L2 vocabulary research which has been published in the last fifty years. It follows on directly from my earlier analysis of the 1982 data, and attempts to broaden the base line on which the later research developed. The paper presents a brief bibliometric analysis of L2 vocabulary research published in 1983. The analysis identifies a number of research clusters that were not present in the 1982 research but will become significant in later years, and highlights the volatility of vocabulary research at this time.
The influence of rater empathy, age and experience on writing performance assessment
Authors: Alp Pilvi , Epner Anu , Pajupuu Hille
Published: October 2020

Assessment reliability is vital in language testing. We have studied the influence of empathy, age and experience on the assessment of the writing component in Estonian Language proficiency examinations at levels A2–C1, and the effect of the rater properties on rater performance at different language levels. The study included 5,270 examination papers, each assessed by two raters. Raters were aged 34–73 and had a rating experience of 3–15 years. The empathy level (EQ) of all 26 A2–C1 raters had previously been measured by Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright’s self-report questionnaire. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that in case of regular training (and with three or more years of experience), the rater’s level of empathy, age and experience did not have a significant effect on the score.
Compositional analysis of interrogative imperatives in Hungarian
Authors: Kleiber Judit , Alberti Gábor
Published: October 2020

The paper investigates utterances which combine imperative and interrogative elements in Hungarian. We intend to explore the scope of the hypothesis that the pragmatico-semantic content of mixed-type sentences can be obtained compositionally. We present four types of interrogative imperative. The imperative factor is indicated by subjunctive morphology on the verb. The interrogative character is represented by (1) rise-fall intonation which marks polar questions, (2) the discourse marker ugye expressing bias, (3) the particle vajon expressing self-reflection or hesitation, and (4) wavy intonation which indicates surprise. We claim that such sentences are primarily questions with their main function being ‘request for instruction’. For the analysis, we take a formal pragmatico-semantic point of view. Our goal is to demonstrate how these sentences can be analyzed compositionally within a belief–desire–intention frame. We apply the formal dynamic discourse- and mind-representation theory ReALIS. We have found that the pragmatico-semantic content (intensional profile) of each type can be constructed via using two formal operations: concatenation and pragmasemantic blending. The composition produces the required output, namely that the interrogation / bias / speculation / surprise which pertains to an eventuality in the case of a simple question, pertains to the “commanding” of this eventuality in the case of interrogative imperatives.
Finding a model for contrastive lexical semantics: A look at verbal communication verbs
Authors: Viberg Åke
Published: October 2020

A basic problem for contrastive lexical studies in general is to find a model for the semantic analysis. This paper is one in a series of corpus-based contrastive studies of the field of Verbal Communication Verbs (VCVs) in English and Swedish. Searle’s classification of speech acts serves as an important starting point but is not directly concerned with lexical structure, which is a major concern for the two theories that are compared in this study. FrameNet based on Fillmore’s theory of semantic frames and Wierzbicka’s theory of semantic primitives (or “primes”). The theories are applied and tested on data from the English Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) containing English and Swedish original texts together with their translations into the other language. Primarily two groups of English verbs and their Swedish correspondents will be analyzed: (1) Information verbs such as tell, inform, notify, report, narrate and describe and (2) Speech activity verbs such as talk, speak, chat, converse, gossip, discuss, debate, negotiate and bargain. There is also an analysis of Swedish berätta ‘tell, narrate’ based on the Multilingual Parallel Corpus (MPC) as an example of multilingual contrastive analysis. Frames relate in a clear way the conceptual structure and the syntactic argument structure, which is very useful in a contrastive study. However, the definition of the meaning of individual verbs is incomplete and needs to be complemented with some kind of decompositional analysis such as the theory of semantic primes. A special section is devoted to an analysis of a large number of compound and derived forms of the Swedish verb tala ‘speak’ and a discussion of how contrasts in morphological structure can affect the lexical contrasts between two languages.
Acoustic analysis of monophthongs, diphthongs, and triphthongs in Mandarin for 3- to 5-year-old children with articulatory phonological disorders
Authors: Chu Man-ni , Syu Jia-ling
Published: October 2020

Ten 3- to 5-year old children (5M, 5F) who were diagnosed as children with articulatory phonological disorders (CWAPD) and attending a therapy program were recruited to participate in a ‘repeat-after-her’ experiment. They were asked to produce a total of 85 real Mandarin words, including 28 monophthongs, 41 diphthongs, and 16 triphthongs. The results indicated that CWAPD have no problem producing monophthongs. However, attempts to articulate diphthongs and triphthongs induced more errors. CWAPD showed more errors when producing words with 1st sonorant diphthongs than words with 2nd sonorant diphthongs—this is because the least sonorant segment in the last position is prone to distortion. Similar phenomena were found in other triphthongs, except with /iai/ and /iou/, which did not see deviant pronunciation. Comparing our study to the information provided by two therapists showed that the participating CWAPD encountered difficulties in producing multi-vowel syllables, where the position and sonorant matters. In addition, our results also reveal a similar vowel acquisition order among CWAPD as among normal children.
Auxiliary clitics in Polish
Authors: Jagódzka Dorota
Published: October 2020

Polish auxiliary clitics constitute an interesting set of data which draws attention to cross-linguistic differences among Slavic languages. A general principle for clitic placement in Indo-European languages is the one described by Jacob Wackernagel in his 1892 work. He concluded that clitics appeared in the second position in the clause, after the first word in a sentence. This pattern was true to some degree in Old Church Slavonic and still holds for a number of contemporary Slavic languages e.g. Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Czech and Slovak which have second position clitics. Bulgarian and Macedonian have verb adjacent pronominal clitics and Polish has auxiliary clitics (Migdalski 2007, 2010, Pancheva 2005). Also in the older versions of Polish language the above mentioned tendency was strong.

In Modern Polish auxiliary clitics attach to the l-participle most frequently. However, one of the unusual properties they possess is the ability to choose almost every clausal element for their host. Polish auxiliary clitics can trigger morphophonological alternations on their hosts, which is an affix-like property; however, at the same time they display clearly clitic-like behaviour when they attach freely to words of any lexical class.

The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the morpho-syntactic properties of two kinds of auxiliary clitics: bound and free. The bound clitics carry person-number agreement markers for past tense (the so called ‘floating’ or ‘mobile’ inflections). The free clitic is the morpheme by used for conditional and subjunctive mood.