bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease risk in early‐onset vs late‐onset type 2 diabetes in China: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Fei , Yu Liping , Xie Shuo , Li Zhaoqing , Deng Ruifen , Jin Xian , He Yifan , Yang Zhaojun , Wang Yao , Yang Wenying , Zhang Bo ,   China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group
Published: November 2023

Background

This study investigated the effects of early‐onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) vs late‐onset type 2 diabetes (LOD) on nonfatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 46 239 participants from 14 provinces in China from 2007 to 2008, selecting 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes for analysis. Participants were categorized as EOD (<40 years) or LOD (≥40 years) based on age at diabetes diagnosis. Sociodemographic and nonfatal CVD information was collected through an interviewer‐assisted questionnaire and clinical examination. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the nonfatal CVD risk.

Results

Out of 4949 participants with type 2 diabetes, 390 (7.88%) had nonfatal CVD. Participants with EOD had a higher age‐standardized prevalence of nonfatal CVD than those with LOD (11.4% vs 4.4%). Compared to LOD patients, EOD patients tended to be males and had a higher family history of diabetes, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, and lower blood pressure levels. After adjustment for age and sex, EOD patients had a higher risk of nonfatal CVD than LOD patients (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5–3.5). After further adjustment for diabetes duration, use of drugs, and other risk factors, the OR of nonfatal CVD was reduced but significant (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.9). Sensitivity analysis revealed that EOD patients with metabolic syndrome had an increased nonfatal CVD risk compared to LOD patients (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.5).

Conclusions

EOD patients are at increased risk of nonfatal CVD. Individualized intervention and management measures for EOD patients are necessary.
Fibromyalgia and risk of all‐cause, specific mortality: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wang Hongli , Li Xuanlin , Wang Xueyan , Chen Min , Wen Chengping , He Zhixing , Huang Lin
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the risk of all‐cause, specific mortality among patients with fibromyalgia, which is a controversial topic.

Methods

We conducted a thorough search for cohort studies across the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, from their inception to 1 March 2023, using medical subject headings and relevant keywords. All data were meticulously analyzed using Stata statistical software version 16.0. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023402337).

Results

After analyzing seven cohort studies involving 152 933 individuals published between 2001 and 2020, we found no clear evidence linking fibromyalgia or widespread pain to all‐cause mortality risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.53; I2 = 82.6%, p = .505). However, our subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of suicide was significantly higher in fibromyalgia patients compared with non‐fibromyalgia patients (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.16–13.43; I2 = 69.9%, p < .05).

Conclusions

Our research did not discover any proof indicating a link between fibromyalgia or widespread pain and all‐cause mortality. However, it is worth noting that there may be a potential correlation between individuals with fibromyalgia or widespread pain and a higher likelihood of suicide. As we had a limited number of participants in our study, further research is necessary to thoroughly investigate the relationship between these factors.
Meeting the needs of rural cancer patients in survivorship: Understanding the role of telehealth
Authors: Rune Karina T. , Cadet Tamara J. , Davis Cindy
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study explores perceptions about the role of telehealth in providing health and supportive services to Australian rural/regional cancer patients and survivor during COVID‐19 and the quality of these services to inform future practice.

Design

Data were collected as part of a bi‐annual survey on client satisfaction at a rural/regional community cancer wellness centre in Australia.

Settings and Participants

Rural/regional cancer patients and survivors (n = 66) completed an online survey.

Main Outcome Measures

The three main outcome measures were: (1) attitudes towards telehealth; (2) preference for future cancer support services; and (3) experiences with video/telehealth.

Results

Younger participants were more likely to use allied health services via video/telehealth during COVID‐19 than their older counterparts. The preferred format for cancer support services in future was face‐to‐face (59% for younger and 42% for older participants), telehealth (10% for both groups) and mixed (31% for younger and 48% for older participants).

Conclusions

Telehealth has benefits for the delivery of health and supportive services to rural/regional cancer patients and survivors. Nurses can play a key role in assessing the support needs of cancer survivors and facilitating strategies to ensure that survivors have the skills necessary to access telehealth support.
SEM technology for the analysis of tiny calcified remains from a pre‐Hispanic burial from El Hierro (Canary Islands)
Authors: Ordóñez Alejandra C. , Suárez‐Toste Emma , Cockerill Samuel , González‐Reimers Emilio , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa Matilde
Published: November 2023

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) enables the determination of the composition and structure of tiny calcified remains occasionally recovered during burial excavations. To deepen the practical application of this technique, we performed SEM/EDX analysis on three different tiny mineralized, roughly rounded structures with a diameter of less than 5 mm recovered from a pre‐Hispanic collective funerary cave from El Hierro (Canary Islands) and a mineral spherulite of similar size and outer aspect. After SEM imaging and spectroscopic analysis, we conclude that the three samples represent a sesamoid bone, a kidney stone, and a possible case of sialolithiasis. In contrast, the spherulite is a mineral formation composed of calcium carbonate. Our data confirm SEM analysis's usefulness in identifying small, mineralized remains recovered during burial excavations and its contribution to studying past populations. However, we are aware that taphonomic changes may alter, at least partially, the structure, and/or elemental composition of archaeological samples, obscuring differential diagnosis.
What moral weight should patient‐led demand have in clinical decisions about assisted reproductive technologies?
Authors: Stanbury Craig , Lipworth Wendy , Gallagher Siun , Norman Robert J. , Newson Ainsley J.
Published: November 2023

Evidence suggests that one reason doctors provide certain interventions in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is because of patient demand. This is particularly the case when it comes to unproven interventions such as ‘add‐ons’ to in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles, or providing IVF cycles that are highly unlikely to succeed. Doctors tend to accede to demands for such interventions because patients are willing to do and pay ‘whatever it takes’ to have a baby. However, there is uncertainty as to what moral weight should be placed on patient‐led demands in ART, including whether it is acceptable for such demands to be invoked as a justification for intervention. We address this issue in this paper. We start by elucidating what we mean by ‘patient‐led demand’ and synthesise some of the evidence for this phenomenon. We then argue that a doctor's professional role morality (PRM) yields special responsibilities, particularly in commercialised healthcare settings such as ART, because of the nature of professions as social institutions that are distinct from markets. We argue on this basis that, while there may be reasons (consistent with PRM) for doctors to accede to patient demand, this is not always the case. There is often a gap in justification between acceding to patient‐led demands and providing contested interventions, particularly in commercial settings. As a result, acceding to demand in such settings needs a strong justification to be consistent with PRM.
The nexus between national and regional reporting of economic news: Evidence from the United Kingdom and Scotland
Authors: Rambaccussing Dooruj , Kwiatkowski Andrzej
Published: November 2023

Broadsheet newspapers are an important source of economic news. Using a unique dataset of more than 489,000 articles over the last 20 years, this article asks the question whether newspapers published in Scotland communicate similar economic sentiments as UK‐wide newspapers. The findings show that although Scottish and UK newspapers share a positive correlation, this relationship varies over time. There is evidence of causality running mostly from the United Kingdom to Scotland. The Scottish Referendum 2014 has had an impact on newspaper reporting when there was more uncertainty in the communication. Individual newspapers respond differently during the referendum periods where some newspapers, The Daily Telegraph and Daily Record for instance reacted to the uncertainty rather strongly, whereas local newspapers represented news in a rather surprising positive note.
Molecular design and systematic optimization of a halogen‐bonding system between the asthma interleukin‐5 receptor and its cyclic peptide ligand
Authors: He Quan , Xu Shuanglan , Ma Xiaomei , Zhou Yinxia , Feng Weiqi , Lu Xuzhi , Yu Meiyue , Chen Zi
Published: November 2023

Human interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) functions as an important pro‐inflammatory factor by binding to its specific receptor, IL‐5Rα, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Previously, a disulfide‐bonded cyclic peptide AF17121 obtained from random library screening and sequence variation was found to competitively disrupt the cognate IL‐5Rα/IL‐5 interaction with moderate potency. In this study, the crystal complex of IL‐5Rα with AF17121 was investigated at structural and energetic levels. It is revealed that the side‐chain indole moiety of the AF17121 Trp5 residue is a potential site for a stem putative halogen bond (X‐bond) with IL‐5Rα, which is just located within the key 3EXXR6 motif region recognized specifically by IL‐5Rα. We systematically examined four halogen substitution types at five positions of the indole moiety; QM/MM calculations theoretically unraveled that only halogenations at 5 and 6 positions can form effective X‐bonds with the side‐chain hydroxyl oxygen of the IL‐5Rα Thr21 residue and the backbone carbonyl oxygen of Ala66 residue, respectively. Binding assays observed that I‐substitution at the 5 position and Br‐substitution at the 6 position can result in two potent halogenated peptides, [5I]AF17121 and [6Br]AF17121, which are improved by 1.6‐fold and 3.5‐fold relative to the native AF17121, respectively. 5I/6Br‐double substitution, resulting in [5I/6Br]AF17121, can further enhance the peptide affinity by 7.5‐fold. Structural analysis revealed that the X‐bond stemming from 6Br‐substitution is also involved in an orthogonal interaction system with a H‐bond; they share a common backbone carbonyl oxygen acceptor of IL‐5Rα Ala66 residue and exhibit a significant synergistic effect between them.
DAFNet: Generating Diverse Actions for Furniture Interaction by Learning Conditional Pose Distribution
Authors: Jin Taeil , Lee Sung‐Hee
Published: November 2023

We present DAFNet, a novel data‐driven framework capable of generating various actions for indoor environment interactions. By taking desired root and upper‐body poses as control inputs, DAFNet generates whole‐body poses suitable for furniture of various shapes and combinations. To enable the generation of diverse actions, we introduce an action predictor that automatically infers the probabilities of individual action types based on the control input and environment. The action predictor is learned in an unsupervised manner by training Gaussian Mixture Variational Autoencoder (GMVAE). Additionally, we propose a two‐part normalizing flow‐based pose generator that sequentially generates upper and lower body poses. This two‐part model improves motion quality and the accuracy of satisfying conditions over a single model generating the whole body. Our experiments show that DAFNet can create continuous character motion for indoor scene scenarios, and both qualitative and quantitative evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.

We propose DAFNet, a novel data‐driven framework that can generate various actions for indoor environment interactions. Given the desired root and upper‐body pose as control inputs, DAFNet generates whole‐body poses for a character appropriate for furniture of various shapes and combinations.

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Current applications of 3D printing in dental implantology: A scoping review mapping the evidence
Authors: Pradíes Guillermo , Morón‐Conejo Belén , Martínez‐Rus Francisco , Salido María Paz , Berrendero Santiago
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This scoping review aimed to identify the available evidence in the use of 3D printing technology in dental implantology. Due to the broad scope of the subject and its application in implantology, three main areas of focus were identified: (1) customized dental implants, (2) manufacturing workflow for surgical implant guides, and (3) related implant‐supported prostheses factors, which include the metallic primary frameworks, secondary ceramic or polymer superstructures, and 3D implant analog models.

Materials and Methods

Online databases (Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) were used to identify the studies published up to February 2023 in English. Two experienced reviewers performed independently the screening and selection among the 1737 studies identified. The articles evaluated the additive manufacturing (AM) technology, materials, printing, and post‐processing parameters regarding dental implantology.

Results

The 132 full‐text studies that met the inclusion criteria were examined. Thirteen studies of customized dental implants, 22 studies about the workflow for surgical implant guides, and 30 studies of related implant‐supported prostheses factors were included.

Conclusions

(1) The clinical evidence about AM titanium and zirconia implants is scarce. Early data on survival rates, osseointegration, and mechanical properties are being reported. (2) 3D printing is a proven manufacturing technology to produce surgical implant guides. Adherence to the manufacturer's instructions is crucial and the best accuracy was achieved using MultiJet printer. (3) The quality of 3D printed prosthetic structures and superstructures is improving remarkably, especially on metallic alloys. However, better marginal fit and mechanical properties can be achieved with milling technology for metals and ceramics.
Efficacy and safety of chloral hydrate in auditory brainstem response test: A systematic review and single‐arm meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Haotian , Zhang Xiangling , Yao Xinyi , Jin Youyou , Liu Min , Meng Zhaoli , Zhao Yu
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of chloral hydrate in auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests.

Setting and Design

In this study, the authors systematically searched both English (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) and Chinese (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP Chinese Science) databases. Two authors independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. The pooled sedation failure rate and the pooled incidence of adverse events were calculated via a random‐effects model. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity, and the PRISMA guideline was followed.

Participants

Patients with ABR tests receiving chloral hydrate sedation.

Main outcome measures

The pooled sedation failure rate and the pooled incidence of adverse events.

Results

A total of 23 clinical studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled sedation failure rate of patients who received chloral hydrate sedation before ABR examination was 10.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) (6.7%, 15.0%), I2 = 95%, p < .01]. There were significant differences in the prevalence of sedation failure between sample sizes greater than 200 and those less than or equal to 200 (5.6% vs. 19.6%, p < .01) and between the studies that reported sleep deprivation and those that did not report sleep deprivation (7.1% vs. 18.9%, p < .01). The pooled incidence of adverse events was 10.32% [95% CI (5.83%, 14.82%), I2 = 98.1%, p < .01].

Conclusions

Chloral hydrate has a high rate of sedation failure, adverse events, and potential carcinogenicity. Therefore, replacing its use in ABR tests with safer and more effective sedatives is warranted.
Density and ecological drivers of free‐ranging cat abundance and activity in Madeira Island, Macaronesia
Authors: Soto Elena J. , Nunes João , Nóbrega Eduardo , Palmeirim Ana Filipa , Rocha Ricardo
Published: November 2023

Mammalian predators introduced to oceanic islands pose a significant threat to biodiversity and have led to numerous extinctions. Free‐ranging cats are particularly problematic due to their predatory habits and negative impact on conservation. However, there is limited information on the ecology and population status of free‐ranging cats in insular ecosystems, where they often represent the apex terrestrial predator. Using a peri‐urban protected area in the subtropical island of Madeira as a case study, we employed camera traps to assess the density of free‐ranging cats and investigate the ecological drivers influencing their abundance and activity in nonurban insular habitats. Based on 582 trapping‐nights, we identified 25 individual cats from 156 cat detections. Spatially explicit capture–recapture models revealed a density of 1.4 cats per km2. Cat activity was positively affected by both the proportion of rocky areas in the landscape and the distance to human resource subsidies, whereas no significant driver was found for abundance. Our results indicate that cats are highly abundant throughout the protected area and suggest that their core home ranges are associated with rocky terrain, away from the most humanized sections of the park. Free‐ranging cats do not appear to heavily rely on anthropogenic food sources, signaling that they may rely mostly on wild prey to fulfill their dietary needs. Their preference for rocky areas could be explained by the increased availability of shelter and prey, such as the Madeira wall lizard (Teira dugesii). Notably, cat abundance and activity were particularly high in the vicinity of the only known breeding colony of the locally threatened Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) on Madeira Island. Our findings suggest that cats pose a significant threat to the native vertebrate fauna of the protected area and thus their management, particularly during the breeding season of the Manx shearwater, should be considered.
Erythrocyte membrane fluidity: A novel biomarker of residual cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bianchetti Giada , Cefalo Chiara Maria Assunta , Ferreri Carla , Sansone Anna , Vitale Marilena , Serantoni Cassandra , Abeltino Alessio , Mezza Teresa , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , De Spirito Marco , Riccardi Gabriele , Giaccari Andrea , Maulucci Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

Aims

Improving the composition of circulating fatty acids (FA) leads to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in high‐risk individuals. The membrane fluidity of red blood cells (RBC), which reflects circulating FA status, may be a valid biomarker of cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

Red blood cell membrane fluidity, quantified as general polarization (GP), was assessed in 234 subjects with T2D, 86 with prior major CVD. Based on GP distribution, a cut‐off of .445 was used to divide the study cohort into two groups: the first with higher GP, called GEL, and the second, defined as lower GP (LGP). Lipidomic analysis was performed to evaluate FA composition of RBC membranes.

Results

Although with comparable CV risk factors, the LGP group had a greater percentage of patients with major CVD than the GEL group (40% vs 24%, respectively, p < .05). Moreover, in a logistic regression analysis, a lower GP value was independently associated with the presence of macrovascular complications. Lipidomic analysis showed a clear shift of LGP membranes towards a pro‐inflammatory condition due to higher content of arachidonic acid and increased omega 6/omega 3 index.

Conclusions

Increased membrane fluidity is associated with a higher CV risk in subjects with T2D. If confirmed in prospective studies, membrane fluidity could be a new biomarker for residual CV risk assessment in T2D.
In vitro field study and worldwide survey assessing how clinical haemostasis laboratories analyse recombinant and plasma‐derived von Willebrand factor products
Authors: Turecek Peter L. , Ilk Reinhard , Gritsch Herbert
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Several well‐established clinical laboratory methods are available to measure von Willebrand factor (VWF) in plasma samples, but few data are available on their use for analysing recombinant VWF (rVWF).

Aim

To evaluate how clinical diagnostic laboratories analyse rVWF and plasma‐derived VWF (pdVWF) spiked in vitro into VWF‐deficient plasma using quantitative protein and functional assays of VWF.

Methods

Human VWF‐deficient plasma samples were spiked with rVWF (vonicog alfa; Takeda) or pdVWF/factor VIII (pdVWF/FVIII; antihemophilic factor/VWF complex [human], CSL Behring), each at final concentrations of 1.0, 0.6, 0.2, 0.1 IU/mL VWF:ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) according to labelled VWF activity. The ISTH SSC secondary coagulation standard was used as a control. Participating laboratories received three sets of these blinded aliquots. Mean results per assay were compared with the expected potency based on the labelled VWF:RCo activity.

Results

Among 39 laboratories, the most commonly established assay was VWF:RCo; 22 laboratories reported data from 2214 tests. Despite a trend to lower values, VWF:RCo activities for rVWF were in agreement with target concentrations (71%–109%), whereas VWF:platelet glycoprotein Ib (VWF:GpIb) and VWF collagen‐binding activity (VWF:CB) assays gave high recoveries (up to 132% and 127%, respectively). In contrast, pdVWF/FVIII was substantially underestimated by VWF:GpIb and VWF:CB assays (56%–86% recoveries), whereas the VWF:RCo assay gave recoveries of 47%–112% for pdVWF/FVIII.

Conclusion

The results of VWF assays used in clinical laboratories differ between rVWF and pdVWF, particularly for VWF:GpIb and VWF:CB assays. These differences may arise from the higher multimeric structure of rVWF compared to pdVWF.
Study of wear and corrosion resistance of ATO nanoparticle–doped micro‐arc oxide film layers
Authors: Chen XiaoWen , Song Hao , Pu Huan , Zheng Rui , Zhang Meng , Zhang DeFen
Published: November 2023

In order to enhance the corrosion and wear resistance of aluminum alloys in complex and variable environments, an Al2O3 ceramic film was prepared on the surface of 7A04 aluminum alloy in a silicate electrolyte system using a micro‐arc oxidation technique. Subsequently, antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were used to dope the micro‐arc oxidation film to enhance the protective properties of the 7A04 aluminum alloy. The structural characteristics of the film were investigated by examining the surface and cross‐sectional morphology and the composition of the physical phases. The results show that ATO nanoparticles can promote the micro‐arc oxidation reaction, improve the surface morphology of the film layer, increase the thickness of the film layer and the denseness after sintering, and enter the film layer in the form of melt wrapping, which plays a role in refining the grain. In the study of the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ATO‐doped ceramic film layers, it was found that the introduction of ATO nanoparticles did not significantly improve the wear resistance of the micro‐arc oxide ceramic film layers but significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the film layers.
Suicide Prediction
Authors: Brown Timothy R. , Sheran Tamera J.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Methodological problems intrinsic to suicide prediction are discussed. The research on suicide predictive signs derived from attributes of the suicidal person, his behavior, and his surroundings, and on predictive instruments is reviewed. The results of these researches are equivocal, in that neither single signs, standard psychological tests, specially devised tests, clinical judgments, nor scales are found to be able to predict suicide at useful levels. Scales are shown to offer the best predictive potential, but to date their construction has not been systematic. It is proposed that scales might be better constructed and prediction improved if investigators were to consider the focus, duration, inclusion‐exclusion, interactions and subgroupings, and generalizability of suicidal indices.
Assessing Suicidal Potential by Time Perspective*
Authors: Yufit Robert I. , Benzies Bonnie
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The clinical assessment of the high risk suicidal person continues to be a major challenge for diagnosticians. Based on the parameter of time as a major differentiating variable, a semiprojective psychological technique—the Time Questionnaire (TQ)—has been developed. The present study reports findings elaborating and extending a pilot study using the TQ. The TQ consistently and significantly differentiates suicidal high risk patients from both nonclinical controls and from such clinical comparison groups as nonsuicidal psychiatric patients and suicidal low risk patients. Such factors as race, patient status, and psychiatric diagnosis were controlled and found to have no significant effect on results. Age was found to affect results only in the population 65 and over. Reliability and normative data based on an N of over 500 persons are also presented.
Reporting of Suicide
Authors: Brown J. H.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This limited study based on publicly available statistics provides strong support for the belief that underreporting of suicide in Canada may be considerable. If this is true, it immediately justifies a greatly increased effort to refine and upgrade the ascertainment procedures so as to make the recorded statistics of more value in assessing the size and epidemiological relationships of the public health problem. From this study has also emerged the idea that, in any given community, there may exist some “general tendency” to violent and unrestrained behavior—a tendency that influences the rates for both suicide and comparable accidents in a similar direction. To explore this and similar concepts adequately requires greater refinement and reliability of the basic statistical data.
A Survey of Hospital Services for Suicidal Persons
Authors: Monto Alexander , Ross Charlotte , Heymann Gary , Rosenthal Howard
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: A person who threatens or attempts suicide, arriving for treatment at any 1 of 10 hospitals serving a suburban area in the Bay Area of California, will be met with a variety of responses by different kinds of personnel, depending on the hospital to which he comes. In half of the hospitals, he could be subsequently discharged without psychiatric consultation of any kind. Follow‐through on any outpatient referral would usually be left up to him. Although a few hospitals attend to the problem of suicidal persons in many important respects, other hospitals pay little attention to these same aspects. Because of the important role of the hospital in the prevention of suicide, it is recommended that the hospital's function in dealing with suicidal patients be better defined, extended, and made more consistent.
Suicide in the Literary Work of Cesare Pavese
Authors: Simone Francesco , Felici Fiorella , Valerio Paolo , Montella Patrizia
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: On the basis of an existential analysis (Daseinanalyse), the authors consider the suicide, at age 42, of Cesare Pavese, one of the most important Italian poets and writers of the post‐World War II period. It is found that in his poems, his novels, and particularly his letters and diary the idea of suicide was present in his consciousness since adolescence; year by year it is possible to follow the development of his ideas and fantasies about suicide. Incapable of establishing authentic communication with others, Pavese narrowed his existential horizon to the point of being less and less capable of living in the world and projecting himself into the future. From these considerations it is concluded that Pavese's acute feeling of incapacity caused him to have lasting experiences of failure that brought him to view suicide as the only way to free himself from his own torment.
Cognitive Aspects of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Bedrosian Richard C. , Beck Aaron T.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Recent efforts to quantify various aspects of suicide ideation are described. The Suicide Intent Scale, Hopelessness Scale, and the Scale for Suicide Ideation all assess components of the individual's suicidal ruminations. Hopelessness seems to account for the bulk of the relationship between depression and suicidal intent. The Scale for Suicide Ideation seems to show promise as a predictive instrument, as a dependent variable in research on treatment efficacy, and as a tool for clinical assessment of suicide potential. Implications for further research and clinical practice are discussed.
Suicide in the 1970s: A Second Look
Authors: Comstock Betsy S.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The decade of the 70's has been reviewed with the document Suicide Prevention in the 70's serving as a guide. Twenty‐one goals put forward in the report were reviewed in light of subsequent progress in the field. Although progress was noted on many fronts, four areas were outstanding in the sense that envisioned goals were met or exceeded. These involved the areas of promulgation of information about suicide, establishment of standards and certification procedures, development of regional organizations to forward training and program development, and education of the public to improve awareness of suicide as a public problem. This analysis also identified areas where little or no progress has been made. From this there developed four recommendations:

The funding and establishment of a national case file using a standard nomenclature and a standard data base to improve epidemiologic knowledge, and to provide pooled data appropriate for more sophisticated research analyses.

The establishment of a task force to study the application of program evaluation methods to suicide prevention efforts.

The development of new programs at local levels to try to reach known high‐risk groups and to provide relevant programs of suicide prevention for them.

Making creative efforts toward elaboration of a comprehensive theory of life‐threatening behavior and exploration of developmental correlates of such behavior.
Suicide Attempts Among Drug Abusers
Authors: Harris Rachel , Linn Margaret W. , Hunter Kathleen I.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: The relationship between substance abuse and suicide is indicated by the high rate of attempted suicide among alcoholics and drug abusers as well as the increased likelihood of repeated attempts in these populations. This study reports on the psychological characteristics of male drug suicide attempters who are in treatment for their addiction problem. Data collected from 166 veterans included background information, symptoms, mood, social functioning, and attitude measures. Of the drug abuse patients, 26 percent reported having made a suicide attempt. These subjects were found to be significantly more depressed, angry, insecure, and anxious than the nonsuicide‐attempt drug abusers. Treatment staff need to be sensitized to the possibility of repeated suicide attempts among substance abuse patients.
A Bibliography of Suicide Notes: 1856–1979
Authors: Shneidman Edwin S.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: A bibliography of suicide notes, arranged chronologically, from 1856 to the present (1979) is presented without comment.
Global and domain‐specific self‐esteem from middle childhood to early adolescence: Co‐developmental trajectories and directional relations
Authors: Gong Xue , Zheng Jiamin , Zhou Jianhua , Huebner E. Scott , Tian Lili
Published: November 2023

Objective

The study used both person‐centered (i.e., parallel process latent class growth modeling) and variable‐centered (i.e., random intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling) approaches to examine developmental changes in global and domain‐specific self‐esteem from middle childhood to early adolescence.

Method

A total of 715 Chinese youth participated (54.3% boys; 45.7% girls; Mage = 9.96; SD = 0.51) in a 6‐wave longitudinal study with 6‐month intervals.

Results

Parallel process latent class growth modeling identified three co‐developmental trajectories of global and domain‐specific self‐esteem: Congruent high increasing and then flattening global and domain‐specific self‐esteem, congruent moderate domain‐specific self‐esteem with convex global self‐esteem, and congruent low with concave appearance and global self‐esteem. Results from random intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling found reciprocal within‐person associations between academic self‐esteem and global self‐esteem; global self‐esteem significantly predicted social self‐esteem, while physical appearance self‐esteem significantly predicted global self‐esteem.

Conclusion

Evidence was provided for top‐down and bottom‐up effects of self‐esteem among Chinese youth. The findings provided new insight into the development of self‐esteem in youth.
Correlation of opioid antinociception and hypothermia in dogs—An animal welfare refinement
Authors: KuKanich Butch , KuKanich Kate , Tzic Astrid D. Carcamo , Anderson Elayna E.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess antinociception and correlation of antinociception and hypothermic effects after intravenous opioids in dogs. Nine healthy male Beagles were enrolled in the study. They were acclimated to a thermal nociceptive device, then received three IV treatments (saline, butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg and methadone 0.5 mg/kg) in a randomized complete block design. Rectal temperature and thermal withdrawals were assessed prior to and 0.5–6 h after drug administration. One dog was excluded due to lack of withdrawal to thermal stimuli. Rectal temperatures were not significantly different between treatments at time 0, but significantly decreased from 0.5 to 5 h for both opioids compared to saline. Withdrawals were significantly decreased, compared to saline, from 0.5 to 4 h for butorphanol and 0.5–5 h for methadone. A significant (p = .0005) and moderate (R2 = .43) correlation between antinociception and hypothermia occurred. Based on these data, intravenous butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and methadone (0.5 mg/kg) provided 4 and 5 h of antinociception, respectively. Opioid hypothermia can serve as an easy, noninvasive and humane manner for preclinical assessment of opioid antinociception in dogs prior to evaluation in clinical trials. This is a major refinement in animal welfare for assessing novel opioids, opioid doses and dose intervals in dogs.
Deep learning‐based automatic classification of three‐level surface information in bridge inspection
Authors: Zhang He , Shen Zhijing , Lin Zhenhang , Quan Liwei , Sun Liangfeng
Published: November 2023

Bridge inspection ensures that in‐service bridges are managed and maintained in conformity. To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of bridge inspection, an automatic hierarchical model is proposed, which enables the classification and correlation of bridge surface images at three levels, namely, at the structure, component, and defect type level. Thus, the impact of both the defect types and the affected components on bridge safety can be simultaneously considered. The proposed model uses a group of sub‐models instead of the common flat network to realize the multiple tasks, which is advantageous in accuracy, training simplicity, and scalability. The classification accuracy of the hierarchical model in three levels has reached 96%, 92%, and 81%. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the classification of multi‐scale targets. This study may provide a new strategy for developing a systematic and easily adaptable detection framework for practical bridge engineering.
The phosphodiesterase DibA interacts with the c‐di‐GMP receptor LapD and specifically regulates biofilm in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Nie Hailing , Nie Liang , Xiao Yujie , Song Miaomiao , Zhou Tiantian , He Jinzhi , Chen Wenli , Huang Qiaoyun
Published: November 2023

The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c‐di‐GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase and degraded by c‐di‐GMP‐specific phosphodiesterase. The genome of Pseudomonas putida contains dozens of genes encoding diguanylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase, but the phenotypical–genotypical correlation and functional mechanism of these genes are largely unknown. Herein, we characterize the function and mechanism of a P. putida phosphodiesterase named DibA. DibA consists of a PAS domain, a GGDEF domain, and an EAL domain. The EAL domain is active and confers DibA phosphodiesterase activity. The GGDEF domain is inactive, but it promotes the phosphodiesterase activity of the EAL domain via binding GTP. Regarding phenotypic regulation, DibA modulates the cell surface adhesin LapA level in a c‐di‐GMP receptor LapD‐dependent manner, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation. Moreover, DibA interacts and colocalizes with LapD in the cell membrane, and the interaction between DibA and LapD promotes the PDE activity of DibA. Besides, except for interacting with DibA and LapD itself, LapD is found to interact with 11 different potential diguanylate cyclases/phosphodiesterases in P. putida, including the conserved phosphodiesterase BifA. Overall, our findings demonstrate the functional mechanism by which DibA regulates biofilm formation and expand the understanding of the LapD‐mediated c‐di‐GMP signaling network in P. putida.
Public management frontiers in guaranteed income programs: Advancing implementation
Authors: Berman Evan , Gonzalez Lauro , Diniz Eduardo H. , Alves Mário Aquino
Published: November 2023

This viewpoint analyzes recent experiments in guaranteed income (GI) projects and identifies implementation issues that extend the frontiers of public administration. GI programs provide low‐income individuals with substantial and regular cash with few or no strings or conditions attached and are being used to assist the lower income population, including informal workers who are left out of many government programs. The following implementation issues are discussed as frontiers in current public administration research and theory: (1) increasing the federal role in vertical collaboration; (2) improving data integration across levels of government; and (3) finding new solutions to financial and political sustainability. As GI programs and experiments proliferate, it becomes critical to examine implementation and not just outcomes or impact.
Guarding skin under PPE: Mechanistic insights and technological innovations
Authors: Lu Junru , Jiang Guan
Published: November 2023

In the presence of diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact, healthcare workers (HCWs) necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). For optimal safety, PPE should securely conform to the skin during extended wear. However, conventional PPE often lacks adequate air permeability and hygroscopicity, trapping heat and moisture emitted by the body within the enclosure. Such a hot and humid internal environment can induce skin damage, such as erythema, rash, pruritus, and itching among others, leading to microbial growth on the skin surface, the production of inflammatory mediators at the wound site and an increased risk of infection. This review strives to comprehensively elucidate the fundamental mechanisms triggering adverse skin reactions and their resultant manifestations. Furthermore, we explore recent advancements aimed at inhibiting these mechanisms to effectively mitigate the occurrence of skin lesions.
Getting it Together: Combining information about archaeological sites and artefacts in ARIADNE
Authors:   University of York, Richards Julian D.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the situation that exists in several European countries, whereby information about archaeological sites and monuments, and that about finds recorded by members of the public (primarily via metal detecting), is held in entirely separate databases. This prevents heritage management decisions being taken with full awareness of known archaeology, and makes research that seeks to draw on multiple information resources difficult. The article demonstrates how the European ARIADNE e-infrastructure has facilitated the integration of large-scale artefact and site information. Over one million records from the British Museum Portable Antiquities Scheme database and over one million records for English sites, monuments, and grey literature have been integrated in an open access interface for the first time, permitting entirely new research questions to be addressed.
Following the Thread: Integrating SORAN's Japanese Dataset into ARIADNE
Authors:   Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Takata Yuichi , Yanase Peter
Published: November 2023

The Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan (SORAN) is an online index of domestic archaeological excavations operated by the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (NABUNKEN). SORAN emerged as a response to the need to improve the findability and accessibility of Japanese archaeological grey literature and the information contained therein. NABUNKEN joined the ARIADNEplus project in 2019 and finished integrating SORAN's metadata into the ARIADNE Catalogue in 2022. In this article we give a short overview of how archaeological data, especially fieldwork reports, are produced in Japan. Next, we summarise the history of SORAN and the nature of its dataset. Finally, we explain the steps taken to transform the Japanese dataset to allow its integration in the ARIADNE Catalogue.
“Training immunity” against nosocomial pathogens
Authors: Schäfer Alexandra , Martinez David R.
Published: November 2023

Non-antigen vaccines that broadly activate innate immune responses reduce mortality against hospital-acquired bacterial and fungal pathogens.
European Crohn’s and Colitis Guidelines on sexuality, fertility, pregnancy and lactation: a guideline review
Authors: Phillips Jennifer , Archer Ann Jane , Lagnado Alice , O’Flaherty Morgan , Fraser Aileen , Carr Ruth
Published: November 2023

The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation has recently published the third version of the European Consensus on reproduction in inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we summarise their key recommendations.
Mechanical properties of unbound limestone aggregates replaced by recycled glass aggregate for pavement in Canada/Quebec
Authors: Amlashi Sahar Mohsenian Hadad , Vaillancourt Michel , Carter Alan , Bilodeau Jean-Pascal , Khaksar Najafi Elmira , Rahbar-Rastegar Reyhaneh
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the use of recycled glass aggregate (RG) as unbound base/subbase material. The experimental tests included compaction, Los Angeles, Micro-Deval, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. In this regard, a fine proportion of course limestone aggregate (MG20) was replaced by RG with size ranging from 0 to 5 mm based on the volumetric method. Adding RG to the coarse aggregate improved durability in wet conditions, which is more representative of the field condition of Canada/Quebec, but decreased in dry conditions. CBR values decreased with increasing RG inclusion, but all blends with 0%–100% RG in the fine fraction of MG20 met minimum requirements for unbound granular layers in Quebec. A simple model predicting the resilient modulus values of these materials based on CBR values at different stress levels was suggested. This equation estimates Mr values of various aggregate-RG blends under a wide range of mean stresses based on their CBR values.
Thermal neutron detection by means of Timepix3
Authors: Tamburrino A. , Claps G. , Contessa G. M. , Pietropaolo A. , Cordella F. , De Leo V. , Montereali R. M. , Vincenti M. A. , Nigro V. , Gatto R. , Pacella D.
Published: November 2023

Thermal neutron detection plays a crucial role in numerous scientific and technical applications such as nuclear reactor physics, particle accelerators, radiotherapy, materials analysis and space exploration. There are several challenges associated with the accurate identification and quantification of thermal neutrons. The present work proposes a detailed characterization of a Timepix3 (TPX3) detector equipped with a Lithium Fluoride ($$^6$$

6

LiF) converter in order to study its response to thermal neutrons that are identified through the $$^6$$

6

Li(n,$$\alpha$$
α
)$$^3$$

3

H reaction. The TPX3-based test system has been installed at the HOTNES facility in ENEA and the analysis highlighted its excellent performance showing high effectiveness in the identification of neutrons through morphological analysis of tracks produced by alpha and triton particles, after accurate discrimination from the gamma background. With the use of Monte Carlo simulations, it has been demonstrated that the main contribution is due to tritons and its signal can be used effectively in the identification of thermal neutrons obtaining an efficiency of 0.9 % for 25 meV neutrons. This allows the TPX3 to have important applications as an environmental monitor for thermal neutrons. This monitoring system can be simply realized and is easy to manage because of its compact size and its digital acquisition that allows a real-time analysis.
CCCS: Contrastive Cross-Language Code Search Using Code Graph Information
Authors: Kuang Li , Cheng Yi , Gao HongHao
Published: November 2023

Developers often search and reuse existing code snippets to improve software development efficiency during software development. Currently, researchers have proposed many code search methods. However, the search intent of existing methods is basically a natural language query. In order to support code migration and code refactoring, it is necessary to search relevant code snippets of another programming language with code snippets of one programming language. In this paper, we propose a
C
ontrastive
C
ross-language
C
ode
S
earch method using code graph information, called
CCCS
.
CCCS
first converts code snippets into high-dimensional vectors using pre-trained CodeBERT to extract the sequence features of code snippets. Next, the structural features of code snippets are extracted using a graph convolutional neural network. Finally, the model is trained using the contrastive learning method to optimize the vector representation of cross-language code snippets, enabling the model to distinguish code snippets from different programming languages with the same functionality. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we conducted comparison experiments and ablation experiments on a small-scale dataset and a large-scale dataset, respectively. The experimental results show that our method far outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline model in terms of MRR metrics.