bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time and Charge-sign Dependence of the Heliospheric Modulation of Cosmic Rays
Authors: Aslam O. P. M. , Bisschoff D. , Ngobeni M. D. , Potgieter M. S. , Munini R. , Boezio M. , Mikhailov V. V.
Published: March 2021

Simultaneous and continuous observations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons (e
−) and positrons (e
+) from the PAMELA and AMS02 space experiments are most suitable for numerical modeling studies of the heliospheric modulation of these particles below 50 GeV. A well-established comprehensive three-dimensional modulation model is applied to compute full spectra for e
− and e
+ with the purpose of reproducing the observed ratio e
+/e
− for a period that covers the previous long and unusual deep solar minimum activity and the recent maximum activity phase, including the polarity reversal of the solar magnetic field. For this purpose, the very local interstellar spectra for these particles were established first. Our study is focused on how the main modulation processes, including particle drifts, and other parameters, such as the three major diffusion coefficients, evolved and how the corresponding charge-sign dependent modulation subsequently occurred. The end result of our effort is the detailed reproduction of e
+/e
− from 2006 to 2015, displaying both qualitative and quantitative agreement with the main observed features. Particularly, we determine how much particle drift is needed to explain the time dependence exhibited by the observed e
+/e
− during each solar activity phase, especially during the polarity reversal phase, when no well-defined magnetic polarity was found.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH*
Authors: Carlin Jeffrey L. , Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Crnojević Denija , Garling Christopher T. , Karunakaran Ananthan , Peter Annika H. G. , Tollerud Erik , Forbes Duncan A. , Hargis Jonathan R. , Lim Sungsoon , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Sand David J. , Spekkens Kristine , Strader Jay
Published: March 2021

We present a deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging study of two dwarf galaxies in the halos of Local Volume Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) analogs. These dwarfs were discovered as part of our Subaru+Hyper Suprime-Cam MADCASH survey: MADCASH-1 is a satellite of NGC 2403 (D ∼ 3.2 Mpc), and MADCASH-2 is a previously unknown dwarf galaxy near NGC 4214 (D ∼ 3 Mpc). Our HST data reach >3.5 mag below the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) of each dwarf, allowing us to derive their structural parameters and assess their stellar populations. We measure TRGB distances (

D

MADCASH
−
1

=

3.41

−
0.23

+
0.24

Mpc,

D

MADCASH
−
2

=

3.00

−
0.15

+
0.13

Mpc), and confirm the dwarfs’ associations with their host galaxies. MADCASH-1 is a predominantly old, metal-poor stellar system (age ∼13.5 Gyr, [M/H] ∼ −2.0), similar to many Local Group dwarfs. Modelling of MADCASH-2's color–magnitude diagram suggests that it contains mostly ancient, metal-poor stars (age ∼13.5 Gyr, [M/H] ∼ −2.0), but that ∼10% of its stellar mass was formed 1.1–1.5 Gyr ago and ∼1% was formed 400–500 Myr ago. Given its recent star formation, we search MADCASH-2 for neutral hydrogen using the Green Bank Telescope, but find no emission and estimate an upper limit on the H i mass of <4.8 × 104
M
⊙. These are the faintest dwarf satellites known around host galaxies of LMC mass outside the Local Group (M

V,MADCASH−1 = −7.81 ± 0.18, M

V,MADCASH−2 = −9.15 ± 0.12), and one of them shows signs of recent environmental quenching by its host. Once the MADCASH survey for faint dwarf satellites is complete, our census will enable us to test predictions from cold dark matter models for hierarchical structure formation and discover the physical mechanisms by which low-mass hosts influence the evolution of their satellites.
Shock Cooling Emission from Extended Material Revisited
Authors: Piro Anthony L. , Haynie Annastasia , Yao Yuhan
Published: March 2021

Following shock breakout, the emission from an astrophysical explosion is dominated by the radiation of shock-heated material as it expands and cools, known as shock cooling emission (SCE). The luminosity of SCE is proportional to the initial radius of the emitting material, which makes its measurement useful for investigating the progenitors of these explosions. Recent observations have shown some transient events have especially prominent SCE, indicating a large radius that is potentially due to low-mass extended material. Motivated by this, we present an updated analytic model for SCE that can be utilized to fit these observations and learn more about the origin of these events. This model is compared with numerical simulations to assess its validity and limitations. We also discuss SN 2016gkg and SN 2019dge, two transients with large early luminosity peaks that have previously been attributed to SCE of extended material. We show that their early power-law evolution and photometry are well matched by our model, strengthening support for this interpretation.
Search for the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background Induced by Primordial Curvature Perturbations in LIGO’s Second Observing Run
Authors: Kapadia Shasvath J. , Lal Pandey Kanhaiya , Suyama Teruaki , Kandhasamy Shivaraj , Ajith Parameswaran
Published: March 2021

Primordial density perturbations in the radiation-dominated era of the early universe are expected to generate stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) due to nonlinear mode coupling. In this Letter, we report on a search for such a stochastic GW background in the data of the two LIGO detectors during their second observing run (O2). We focus on the primordial perturbations in the range of comoving wavenumbers 1016–1018 Mpc−1 for which the stochastic background falls within the detectors’ sensitivity band. We do not find any conclusive evidence of this stochastic signal in the data, and thus place the very first GW-based constraints on the amplitude of the power spectrum at these scales. We assume a log-normal shape for the power spectrum and Gaussian statistics for the primordial perturbations, and vary the width of the power spectrum to cover both narrow and broad spectra. Derived upper limits (95%) on the amplitude of the power spectrum are 0.01–0.1. As a byproduct, we are able to infer upper limits on the fraction of the universe’s mass in ultralight primordial black holes (M
PBH ≃ 10−20–10−19
M
⊙) at their formation time to be ≲10−25.
Quelles sont les raisons profondes qui empêchent le praticien d’écrire sur sa pratique ?
Authors: Perret Valérie
Published: March 2021

Écrire ? Exister ? Et si la difficulté d’écrire sa pratique était liée à la difficulté de se sentir pleinement vivant ? Dans cet article Valérie Perret explore d’abord les raisons qui se nichent plus ou moins profondément dans le scénario de vie et qui peuvent avoir freiné la libre expression. Puis à travers des exemples de sa pratique, elle expose comment elle s’implique de tout son être pour accompagner les personnes à écrire quand c’est nécessaire. F.V.
Réflexions sur les féminismes au cinéma (chantier en cours)
Authors: Rollet Brigitte
Published: March 2021

Termes polysémiques s'il en est, les mots « féministe » (adjectif ou substantif) et « féminisme » servent à qualifier de plus en plus de choses, productions culturelles ou personnes, sans que l’on sache toujours bien à quoi il est vraiment fait référence. Dans les médias, on interroge depuis quelques années films et séries à travers un prisme qui recouvre pourtant des acceptions diverses, voire opposées. Effet d'aubaine à un moment où le mot fait vendre, « feminist-washing » ou engagement réel, le phénomène mérite qu'on s'y attarde et le décode. Cet article se penchera donc sur ce qui se cache derrière le qualificatif attribué à des films à partir de sources diverses, qu'il s'agisse des théories féministes sur le cinéma, de listes compilées sur des sites en ligne ou des déclarations et critiques sur des films récents.
La Viande et la Femme. Image de la femme crue
Authors: Salamandra Lisa
Published: March 2021

Ma recherche artistique et théorique se concentre sur une série d’œuvres dans laquelle je me sers exclusivement de l’image publicitaire de viande crue que je détourne pour construire des corps féminins. Je découpe ces images des prospectus de supermarchés qui arrivent dans ma boîte aux lettres, là où je réside dans le centre de la France. Le mélange femme-viande-crue-publicitaire s’avère troublant pour le spectateur. Ma recherche sonde les raisons pour lesquelles nous sommes affectés par l’image de la viande crue, et surtout, lorsque celle-ci se combine – ou fusionne – avec le corps de la femme. Cet article concernant la problématique viande-femme propose deux clés de lecture : le sacrifice et le sang. Le tabou ancestral du sang est associé à la fois au corps animal et humain. La recherche soulève nos liens les plus profonds avec la chair animale et ses pratiques liées aux sociétés archaïques, et veut démontrer comment les mythes, les rites, et les interdits issus de la préhistoire continuent à influer sur notre perception contemporaine. Je soutiens l’hypothèse du dévoilement, de l’image violente (de la femme), et observe comment les différents mécanismes à l’œuvre dans la représentation de la femme, à l’instar de la série « Raw Meat », permettent une multitude d’interprétations de la chair, dont les sens embrassent les époques les plus reculées de l’humanité jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Mon éloge de cette polysémie est celle de la nécessité de cette « véritable » image de femme, à l’image de son émancipation.
La professionnalisation du football féminin en Argentine : un enjeu féministe
Authors: de Ipola Julia
Published: March 2021

En Argentine, pays où le féminisme connaît depuis la moitié des années 2010 un essor historique, et où le football constitue un socle essentiel de l’identité nationale, le football féminin devient professionnel en mars 2019. Les revendications d’ordre sportif, portées par la joueuse Macarena Sánchez, se voient inscrites dans un discours féministe – une convergence inédite dans ce pays latino-américains – et les inégalités de genre dans le monde du football peuvent alors être appréhendées de façon structurelle. Le féminisme s’empare, sur un plan pratique et théorique, d’une sphère traditionnellement réservée aux hommes : sous quel prisme peut-il l’interroger ? Comment peut-il contribuer à la déconstruire ? Qu’est-ce que, finalement, la pratique sportive de haut niveau peut donner à penser, à son tour, au féminisme ?
L’exploitation de la nature
Authors: Benjamin Walter
Published: March 2021

Walter Benjamin fut l’un des rares marxistes de la première moitié du 20 e  siècle à manifester une sensibilité écologiste. Réfugié en France depuis 1933, menacé par la police de Vichy et la Gestapo, il rédigea son testament philosophique, Sur le concept d’histoire (1940), peu avant son suicide à Port-Bou qui fut sa façon de se soustraire à ses persécuteurs. Dans l’extrait de ce texte à thèses 1 , il développe une critique radicale de l’exploitation de la nature, dont l’actualité n’est pas à démontrer au moment où la « nature » se retourne contre l’humain par une pandémie zoonotique mondiale sans précédent. Car nul doute que la covid-19, à l’égal des autres zoonoses de ces dernières années, est une conséquence directe de l’exploitation capitaliste du vivant et des biosystèmes.
La covid-19, une crise du modèle anthropogénétique
Authors: Gleizes Jérôme
Published: March 2021

L’épidémie de covid-19, comme toutes les épidémies majeures qui ont affecté l’humanité, bouleverse les sociétés en profondeur. Elle amplifie des éléments de crise déjà sous-jacents. Aussi est-elle l’occasion pour Jérôme Gleizes de s’interroger sur la pérennité ou la transformation nécessaire du modèle anthropogénétique défini par l’économiste « régulationniste » Robert Boyer, la production des êtres humains pour les êtres humains 1 .
Poésie du confinement
Authors: Sternberg Alice
Published: March 2021

Alice Sternberg vit dans un petit port des Pyrénées-Orientales où les cargos bananiers se font rares à l’inverse des étendues de vignes qu’elle arpente sur les versants se jetant dans la mer jusqu’à Cerbère. C’est en évoquant son « confinement » dans un casot de ce village-frontière qu’elle nous offre une échappée poétique en ces temps de renfermement et en même temps une pause dans le cours « savant » de ce numéro.
Un historien illustre et méconnu. Enquête sur Vladimir Malov (1938-2019)
Authors: Debbagi Baranova Tatiana , Ouvarov Pavel
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose de réfléchir sur le parcours professionnel et sur les travaux de l’historien russe, Vladimir Malov (1938-2019). S’il était reconnu en France comme expert des sources françaises conservées dans les fonds russes, ses travaux sur l’histoire française y étaient largement méconnus, en grande partie à cause de la persistance des barrières linguistiques, politiques ou économiques. Or, son cheminement professionnel présente un grand intérêt. Dans un contexte difficile de pression idéologique puis de bouleversement politique, il a su, tout en jouant son rôle de passeur entre les milieux historiques russes et français, préserver son indépendance intellectuelle et proposer des lectures à la fois documentées et originales d’un large spectre de questions relatives à l’histoire de France.
Pour une approche multiscalaire des lieux dévastés : décharge, île, ligne d’aridité
Authors: Chaudet Chloé , Gallien Claire , Taïeb Lucie
Published: March 2021

Face à une crise environnementale de plus en plus aiguë à l’échelle planétaire, un grand nombre de créations littéraires et artistiques prennent en charge la figuration d’espaces dévastés. Dans notre article, nous pensons en particulier à la décharge (Lucie Taïeb), l’île (Chloé Chaudet), et la ligne d’aridité (Claire Gallien). Notre approche critique vise à lier l’étude locale de la dévastation dans ses représentations littéraires et une approche multiscalaire des lieux dévastés. Notre démarche permet ainsi de repenser les géographies littéraires selon une perspective transculturelle tout en évitant l’écueil d’une pensée trop vague et décontextualisée de la mondialisation. À cet égard, la littérature s’avère un lieu privilégié de mise en relation et en tension des multiples échelles de la dévastation.
Soulèvement populaire en Algérie : crise politique et acteurs politiques en crise
Authors: Dris-Ait Hamadouche Louisa
Published: March 2021

Si le rôle des acteurs sociopolitiques consiste, entre autres, à être à l’avant-garde des changements qui interviennent dans une société, le Hirak algérien s’inscrit, au contraire, dans la tendance des soulèvements contemporains peu connectés aux forces sociales structurées traditionnelles. Quelles en sont les raisons et les conséquences ? Cette faible connexion est, soit le résultat d’un choix réfléchi sur la base de l’existence de plusieurs alternatives, soit la conséquence de l’absence de choix. Dans le premier cas, la crainte de la division, de la récupération-cooptation et de la répression justifie le maintien de l’anonymat. Dans le second cas, le contexte politique précédant le soulèvement impose cet anonymat comme une contrainte dont la centralité grandit au fur et à mesure.
Penser pour demain, penser la Silmiya (le pacifisme) en Algérie. Vue des marches
Authors: Oussedik Fatma
Published: March 2021

Fatma Oussedik propose ici ses réflexions à la fois de sociologue et de participante aux marches du Hirak à un moment précis de son histoire, dix mois après le début du mouvement. En retraçant les différents slogans qui ont émergé et se sont parfois affrontés, elle restitue ses réflexions à mesure du développement des premiers mois du mouvement populaire.
Jean de Cambrai (1508-1558), un Cambrésien en Castille au Siècle d’Or
Authors: Peltier Cyril
Published: March 2021

Jean de Cambrai († 1508-1559) fait partie d’une longue liste d’artistes français qui s’établirent en Castille au début du Siècle d’Or, en quête de conditions de travail plus favorables que dans leur pays natal. L’étude propose de retracer le parcours, de présenter l’œuvre ibérique du sculpteur et avance quelques pistes sur les origines de cet artiste, méconnu du patrimoine local.
« La théorie positive de la monnaie » de Nogaro : contribution à l’explication des phénomènes hyperinflationnistes
Authors: Drabo Daouda
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose une reconstitution de l’approche de Nogaro des phénomènes monétaires, et souligne sa contribution à l’explication des phénomènes hyperinflationnistes. Pour ce faire, nous exposons son approche méthodologique et sa conception de la monnaie : la méthode historique et le nominalisme monétaire. Celles-ci l’ont conduit à proposer une interprétation originale des crises hyperinflationnistes apparues au lendemain des deux Grandes Guerres mondiales. Il insiste sur l’importance du taux de change et des pratiques monétaires dans la dynamique des phénomènes hyperinflationnistes ; des éléments d’analyse que l’on retrouve ultérieurement chez les institutionnalistes monétaires francophones et les auteurs post-Keynésiens. Nogaro cherche par ailleurs à proposer une réforme monétaire internationale afin de remédier à l’instabilité du change. Classification JEL : B2, F31, E31, N14
Agriculture Productivity Gains and their Distribution for the Main EU Members
Authors: Boussemart Jean-Philippe , Parvulescu Raluca
Published: March 2021

Cet article vise à mettre en évidence les performances des secteurs agricoles dans les principaux pays de l’UE (France, Allemagne, Italie, Pays-Bas, Espagne et Royaume-Uni). Basée sur la méthode des comptes de surplus, notre analyse de performance inclut tous les éléments du compte de résultat, qui est l’une des limites de l’approche traditionnelle des indices. De plus, cette méthode montre également la manière dont les gains de productivité observés dans chaque pays ont été répartis entre les principaux acteurs. Un accent particulier est mis sur les rôles de l’État et des agriculteurs dans ce jeu de distribution. Classification JEL : D24, N54, O13, Q18
Pour Romantisme , cinquante ans après
Authors: Gaillard Françoise
Published: March 2021

La naissance d’une revue est toujours une aventure intellectuelle collective, et celle de Romantisme en fut une. Les temps étaient alors plus aux échanges vifs qu’au consensus. Mais cette vivacité témoignait d’une passion pour les idées et d’une implication personnelle dans les orientations à donner à la recherche et dans le choix des méthodes d’analyse des textes. Si Romantisme réussit à rallier à son projet des positions critiques souvent antagonistes, c’est grâce à son éloquent plaidoyer inaugural en faveur d’un romantisme divers, contradictoire, nourri de conflits qui ne trouvent assise que dans le mouvant, équilibré que par un jeu d’oppositions. Un tel romantisme avait besoin d’impertinences et d’audaces, d’écarts plus que d’égards ; une insuffisante attention aux distorsions, aux heurts, aux contradictions ne (pouvant) que (le) figer, (l’) appauvrir, (le) dénaturer.
« Pour Romantisme » (1971-1980)
Authors: Diaz José-Luis
Published: March 2021

Cet article évoque la toute première décennie d’existence de notre revue (1971-1980), liée de naissance à la Société des études romantiques fondée sous ce nom l’année précédente sous l’impulsion de Pierre Barbéris et d’un groupe d’enseignants-chercheurs représentant diverses instances universitaires. Est évoqué son fonctionnement en une période où la revue est d’abord bisannuelle et où ses dernières pages tiennent la chronique d’une recherche sur le Romantisme et le xix e  siècle alors particulièrement effervescente. Est envisagé comment ce premier Romantisme pense le Romantisme et son « impossible unité », dans un esprit pluridisciplinaire et internationaliste, et en mettant l’accent d’abord sur sa philosophie. Mais c’est aussi une sorte d’engagement collectif qui s’y manifeste en faveur du Romantisme, comme en témoigne le titre-mot d’ordre de l’éditorial du premier numéro – « Pour Romantisme  ».
Si proche, si loin. Réflexions sur quelques usages contemporains du XIX e siècle
Authors: Caron Jean-Claude
Published: March 2021

Comment évaluer la présence du xix e  siècle dans le temps présent ? Trois axes sont mobilisés à cet effet. Le premier analyse quelques discours politiques de droite et de gauche depuis mai 68. On saisit ainsi comment ce siècle continue à servir de réservoir idéologique, tout en étant confronté à la réécriture de l’histoire mettant en cause des personnalités du xix e  siècle célébrées (Ferry) et parfois panthéonisées (Schœlcher). Le deuxième se concentre sur la manière dont La Liberté guidant le peuple de Delacroix et Les Misérables de Hugo ont été utilisés et parfois détournés au profit de lectures politiques du présent, qu’ils légitiment ainsi. Le troisième étudie le processus de dénomination de lieux publics par la ville de Paris dans les deux dernières décennies, en analysant la place accordée à des hommes et des femmes du xix e  siècle et le sens éminemment politique de cette promotion.
La littérature du XIX e siècle au prisme des humanités numériques
Authors: Del Lungo Andrea , Vitali Giovanni Pietro
Published: March 2021

Depuis deux décennies, le numérique a investi le domaine de l’édition, en prenant comme objet privilégié la littérature du xix e  siècle, affranchie des droits d’auteur, et dont les modes de publication multiples (revue, presse, recueil, volume), se prêtent à la plasticité du support numérique. Face à la richesse de projets de recherche dans le domaine, une vision un peu naïve considère le numérique comme la panacée à tous les problèmes éditoriaux propres aux éditions imprimées. Cet article entend nuancer cette vision, à travers un relevé de l’état actuel de la recherche, ouvert à l’international, qui en souligne les apports, surtout en termes d’accessibilité des sources et de reconfiguration de la notion d’auteur ; mais qui pointe aussi un certain nombre d’éléments problématiques plus généraux, concernant la fragilité des archives, le risque d’une dérive quantitative, et les difficultés auxquelles se heurte l’enrichissement critique des textes.
Le Beau Danube jaune : poétique du roman géographique de Jules Verne
Authors: Melmoux-Montaubin Marie-Françoise
Published: March 2021

Le Beau Danube jaune , roman inachevé publié posthume en 1908 sous le titre Le Pilote du Danube après avoir été fortement remanié, livre un état original du « roman géographique » dont Verne se fait le promoteur. Ignorant du renouveau national bulgare, le romancier qu’on a connu passionné de géo-politique se montre ici à peu près exclusivement sensible à la géographie humaine et aux considérations économiques, négligeant l’histoire sous sa double forme d’histoire contemporaine et de récit romanesque. Inspiré voire partiellement copié du Voyage de Paris à Bucharest publié par Le Tour du Monde entre 1861 et 1866, le roman rejette même les anecdotes propres au récit de voyage pour proposer un bref parcours des hauts lieux touristiques qui bordent le Danube. Il s’agit de savoir s’il s’agit là de la matrice du roman géographique de Verne ou au contraire d’un épuisement du genre.
La parole citoyenne face aux enjeux agroalimentaires et environnementaux : étude sémiotique des États généraux de l’alimentation
Authors: Cholet Céline
Published: March 2021

Depuis les années 2000, les enjeux sanitaires et environnementaux, ainsi que les préoccupations liées au changement climatique occupent une place importante dans la gestion de la politique agricole (à l’échelle française comme européenne). Ce constat nous conduit à nous intéresser aux États généraux de l’alimentation et particulièrement à la plateforme participative de la consultation citoyenne (ouverte du 20 juillet au 10 novembre 2017). Cette dernière nous paraît être un espace privilégié pour aborder le point de vue de la société civile, ses attentes, ses préoccupations, mais aussi, sa représentation du monde agricole à travers un ensemble de registres de valeurs en circulation. Ainsi, en prenant appui sur la consultation citoyenne, nous nous interrogerons sur les questions suivantes : quelles propositions le panel de citoyen(ne)s retient-il pour répondre à la question « Comment accompagner la transformation de notre agriculture » ? Le climat et la préservation de la biodiversité sont-ils présents, si oui, comment ? Le modèle agricole dominant (l’agriculture dite « conventionnelle ») est-il remis en cause ? Si oui, comment ? Au final, quelle(s) représentation(s) des modèles agricoles les investissements sémantiques que nous relèverons suggèrent-ils ? À partir d’une approche sémiotique, nous tenterons d’apporter des réponses à nos interrogations.
Ver-como y epistemología hinge
Authors: Yuan Maria Sol
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to stablishes the sense in which propositions included under the perceptual use of ‘seeing-as’, developed by Wittgenstein in the Second Part of Philosophical Investigations, are justifiable from an epistemic point of view. To do this, first, it will be clarified the internal link between ‘visual experience’ and ‘interpretation’ for the type of mentioned cases. Second, it will be shown how the ‘seeing-as’ respects the rule-following paradox’s solution, as long as it does not presuppose any intermediary or need anyone to account for what is perceived, highlighting the notions of ‘practice’, ‘familiarity’ and ‘context’ common both in the aforementioned solution and in the ‘seeing-as’ cases. Third, the general distinction between certainties or ‘hinges’ and ‘epistemic propositions’ presented by Wittgenstein in On Certainty will be applied to cases of aspect perception as a possible field of application of the so called Hinge Epistemology, showing how, in specific cases, the perceptual certainties that shape our way of life and that are groundless, can be recontextualized and merit reasonable justification.Keywords: Wittgenstein, aspect perception, seeing-as, hinges, certainty, justification.
The sense of agency does not evidence regulative control
Authors: Sorrentino Marques Beatriz
Published: March 2021

Libertarians assume that the sense of agency supports their belief in the agent’s ability to have done otherwise; however, they do not present arguments in favor of their assumption beyond introspection. Although agents may hold this belief, the mechanisms that give rise to the sense of agency—the comparator model and the perception of the relation between action and events in the environment—do not provide reasons to support it. Nonetheless, these mechanisms can help explain why agents hold the belief in the first place, and the investigation makes clear that the workings of the mechanisms that give rise to the sense of agency are compatible with determinism. Here, I will defend that a compatibilist explanation can be given as to why the sense of agency may seem to support libertarian beliefs. Hence, the sense of agency does not support the libertarian position in the free will debate; it is merely the pre-reflective experience of action as self-caused, and it is associated with control mechanisms.Keywords: Sense of agency, Regulative control, Incompatibilism, Comparator model, Guidance control.
The shared know-how in Linguistic Bodies
Authors: Carvalho Eros Moreira de
Published: March 2021

The authors of Linguistic Bodies appeal to shared know-how to explain the social and participatory interactions upon which linguistic skills and agency rest. However, some issues lurk around the notion of shared know-how and require attention and clarification. In particular, one issue concerns the agent behind the shared know-how, a second one concerns whether shared know-how can be reducible to individual know-how or not. In this paper, I sustain that there is no single answer to the first issue; depending on the case, shared know-how can belong to the participants of a social activity or to the system the participants bring forth together. In relation to the second issue, I sustain, following the authors, a non-reductive account of shared know-how. I also suggest that responsiveness to others, which is a fundamental element of shared know-how, can be extended by perceptual learning.Keywords: Shared know-how, participatory sense-making, social agency, responsiveness to others, enactivism.
Translational research on Myology and Mobility Medicine: 2021 semi-virtual PDM3 from Thermae of Euganean Hills, May 26 - 29, 2021
Authors: Carraro Ugo , Yablonka-Reuveni Zipora
Published: March 2021

On 19-21 November 2020, the meeting of the 30 years of the Padova Muscle Days was virtually held while the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic was hitting the world after a seemingly quiet summer. During the 2020-2021 winter, the epidemic is still active, despite the start of vaccinations. The organizers hope to hold the 2021 Padua Days on Myology and Mobility Medicine in a semi-virtual form (2021 S-V PDM3) from May 26 to May 29 at the Thermae of Euganean Hills, Padova, Italy. Here the program and the Collection of Abstracts are presented. Despite numerous world problems, the number of submitted/selected presentations (lectures and oral presentations) has increased, prompting the organizers to extend the program to four dense days.
Statistical optimization of L-asparaginase production by Cladosporium tenuissimum
Authors: Hamed Mahdi , Osman Ahmed A. , Ateş Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Background

L-asparaginase produced by plant and bacteria can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Unlike the bacterial counterparts, fungal L-asparaginase has more stability, more activity, and less adverse effects. Central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize temperature, pH, incubation time, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for L-asparaginase production by Cladosporium tenuissimum via submerged fermentation. CCD reduces the number of tests and time for optimization.

Objective

To optimize the culture conditions, such as temperature, pH, production time, and the ratio between concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources, for the production of L-asparaginase by isolated C. tenuissimum via submerged fermentation.

Materials and methods

Primarily, four significant parameters (temperature, pH, incubation period, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio) were identified that affect the production process of L-asparaginase via submerged fermentation using the modified Czapek Dox medium. CCD was used to optimize the selected parameters concurrently, and their results were compared.

Results and conclusions

The highest L-asparaginase enzyme activity obtained was 2.6471 U/ml at 37°C, pH 6.2, incubation time 72 h, and 2 : 1 carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The P value of interaction between every two factors was only significant for the interaction between temperature and incubation period (P<0.0281). The most significant factor was temperature followed by pH (P<0.0154) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (P<0.0346). Incubation period has no major effect on the production of L-asparaginase, but it has a quadratic effect (P<0.0001). Our results showed the significant role of culture conditions (temperature, pH, incubation period, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio) in L-asparaginase production and confirmed the need for optimization.
Sites in Contestation: Reading Contemporary Popular Culture in Africa
Authors: Moonsamy Nedine , Sandwith Corinne
Published: March 2021

No Abstract.
Scheherazade’s Achievement(s): Practices of Care in Fatema Mernissi’s Memoir, Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood, and her Creative Non-Fiction, Scheherazade Goes West
Authors: Steiner Tina
Published: March 2021

The Moroccan feminist sociologist Fatema Mernissi (1940–2015) is probably best known for her pioneering scholarly work on gender equality in Islam. This paper, however focuses on her life writing: her memoir, Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood, published in 1994 and her reflections on its Eurocentric reception, which culminated in the publication of her work of creative non-fiction Scheherazade Goes West: Different Cultures, Different Harems in 2001. Written in popular genres in accessible registers, Mernissi’s texts translate her scholarly feminism into stories of the everyday in order to encourage her readers to see possibilities of feminist practices within and against oppressive social structures. Both texts deal with the way in which women’s agency is circumscribed by particular horizons of constraint determined by their social contexts and thus the texts contrast local, particular forms of constraint with more diffuse forms of oppression that characterise western modernity. This paper offers a reading of her harem childhood to trace some of the alternative modes of enacting small freedoms that the memoir documents. As becomes apparent in Mernissi’s reflections on the memoir’s reception, these achievements seem to be largely illegible within meritocratic scripts of success. In contrast, Mernissi asserts that care for self and  other – via modes of storytelling, performance, artistic production and looking after one’s physical wellbeing – mark direct, albeit subtle, forms of resistance even if they are not recognised as such. Drawing on a popular cultural repertoire, the well-known figure of  Scheherazade emerges in Mernissi’s texts as a central role model for women crafting pockets of resistance and webs of care. In this way, Mernissi’s texts offers a Moroccan perspective on the debate of the conditions of possibility of ordinary feminist practices inspired by popular artistic forms.

Keywords:  Fatema Mernissi, life writing, Scheherazade, ethics of care, storytelling, Moroccan feminism
Effect of Personality Types of Extension Personnel on their Job Performance in Rivers State Agricultural Development Programme.
Authors: Ijeoma MC , Adesope OM
Published: March 2021

This research examined the effect of personality types of extension personnel on their job performance in Rivers State Agricultural Development Programme (RISADEP). Specifically, the study described the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, identified the individual personality types of extension personnel in RISADEP, ascertained the job performance of extension personnel; determined whether a relationship exist between job performance and personality type of extension personnel and whether Socio-demographic characteristics affect job performance of extension personnel. Data collection was with the aid of a structured questionnaire administered to 63 extension personnel which was randomly selected from six area offices of which only 57 was useable for analysis. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and correlation analysis. The findings of the study indicated that the level of job performance for each of the extension personnel sampled was rated above average with a mean performance of 71.39. The correlation analysis result showed that there is a significant relationship between job performance and personality type of extension personnel of 0.411 at 0.01level of significance, with more of the extension personnel with ESFJ (Extroverted feeling with sensing) (29.82%) personality type followed by ISFJ (Introverted sensing with feeling) (19.3%) and ENFJ (Extroverted feeling with intuiting) (12.28), ENFP (Extroverted intuiting with feeling), ENTP (Extroverted intuiting with thinking), ESTJ (Extroverted thinking with sensing) with (8.8%). Findings also revealed that socio-demographic characteristics do not significantly affect job performance of extension personnel except experience which had a positive and significant correlation of 0.276 at 0.05level of significance. It is therefore recommended among others that a personality test be conducted during recruitment of personnel to ensure that personnel with the right personality are employed and a constant appraisal of extension personnel job performance to make sure that they are up and doing.Key words: Extension personnel, Personality type and Job performance
Contribution of Agro-Based Entrepreneurial Activities Towards Women Empowerment in Jere Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria.
Authors: Nuhu H.S. , Reuben A.B. , Mohammed F. A. , Dunoma P.H.
Published: March 2021

The study examined the contribution of agro-based entrepreneurial activities to women empowerment in Jere local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 84 questionnaires were administered to respondents who were randomly selected to participate in the study. The data obtained were analyzed using frequency, percentage and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The result of the logit regression analysis indicated that education, membership of association, household size and access to credit of respondents has significantly (p<0.01) affected respondents’ participation in agro-business activities. Descriptive statistics shows that majority (52.4%) of the respondents were within the age bracket of 31-40 years old. Some proportion (53.6%) of the respondents had secondary school education, most (85.7%) had agro-food processing as their main occupation. Majority (95.2%) indicate that agro-based entrepreneurial activities empower them through employment (employer of labor). This encourages them to become agro-based entrepreneurs. The study revealed that the most prevailing constraint to effective operation of agro-based entrepreneurial activities is lack of capital (mean score=4.7). Based on the findings, it was concluded that agro-based entrepreneurial activities are pivotal to the national poverty eradication and by providing the largest proportion of the job employment to women in rural areas. Therefore, it was recommended that agro-based entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme be put in place to build the capacity of women in the activities and credit be provided to them by government and other stakeholders to boost their capital base.Keywords: Agro-based enterprises; Women Empowerment; Jere; Borno.
Extent of Utilization of Medicinal Plants among Rural Households in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Onu Samson Ejike , Mbah Grace O.
Published: March 2021

The study investigated the extent of utilization of medicinal plants among rural household in Imo State Nigeria. The study made use of multi- stage random sampling techniques in sampling 120 respondents in the study area. The data for the study were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and analysed using both descriptive (such as frequency, percentages and mean count) Results showed that the available medicinal plants in the study area were pawpaw (100.0%), mango (100.0%), bitter leaf (95.0%), cocoa (81.67%) and Uziza leaf (78.33%, avocado (71.33%) among others. The result further revealed that cocoa (x̄= 3.47), pawpaw (x̄= 3.33), avocado (x̄= 3.25), raphia palm (x̄= 3.15), bitter leaf (x̄= 3.10), aloe vera (x̄= 3.03), uziza leaf (x̄= 2.93), morringa (x̄= 2.70) were highly utilized in the study area. Tobit regression analysis revealed that age, household size, farming experience, income and education at significantly influenced the utilization of medicinal plants among the rural households in the study area. The study recommended that the conservation of medicinal plants should be pursued vigorously by both government and individuals via establishment of botanical gardens and horticultural centres in order safe guard them from indiscriminate use, overexploitation and destruction.Key Words: Medicinal plants, Availability and Rural households.
Fish Farmers’ Access to Extension Information in Borgu Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladeji J.O. , Olutegbe N.S. , Aina I.M
Published: March 2021

Fish farmers’ access to extension information in Borgu Local Government Area of Niger State was investigated total of 120 fish farmers were interviewed. Frequency counts, percentages, PPMC and chi-square were used to analyse data. The majority (91.7%) were males, Christians (51.7%), married (58.3%). Also, 58.3% had fish farming experience of 1-10 years. Fish farming was the primary occupation for the majority (68.3%). The majority (95.8%) made use of earthen pond, while 50% earned between ₦50,000-₦70,000 per harvest. Fish farmers’ most frequently accessed information were pond designing and construction (mean = 2.33), identification of suitable sites (mean = 2.38) and selection of fish species (mean = 2.43) while information on sorting (mean = 1.83), sexing (mean = 1.66), breeding (mean score = 1.78) and record keeping (mean = 1.80) were least accessed. The most serious constraints faced by the fish farmers were: long distance to accessing extension services (88%), bad road network (90%) and low extension agent to farmer ratio (83%). Significant relationship existed between constraints faced by the fish farmers in accessing extension services (r= -0.264), number of fishes stocked (r = 0.313) and fish farmers’ access to extension information. Extension information is lacking in the early stage of fish production activities, with less emphasis on breeding. Extension agents should put in extra effort in providing information on every key stage of fish production. Keywords: Fish production, information, extension services
Effects of Socio-Economic Characteristics on the Profitability of Poultry Production among Poultry Farmers in Kaduna State
Authors: Suleiman R. , Mahmud A. M. , Oladimeji Y.U. , Olanrewaju T.O. , Ojeleye O. A.
Published: March 2021

The study examined the effects of socio-economic characteristics on the profitability of poultry farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data were collected using questionnaire from 160 poultry farmers. One LGA each was randomly selected from the four agricultural zones in Kaduna State; Birnin-Gwari Zone, Maigana Zone, Lere Zone and Samaru-Kataf zone. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and gross margin models. Results revealed that the majority (71.3%) of the respondents were male, 58.7% were married, 47.5% were within the age of 31-40 years and 98% of the respondents were educated with different educational qualifications. The multiple regression result with R2of 0.658 indicated that 65.8% of the factors affecting profitability were accounted for by the independent variables. Farming experience and access to credit were found to be positive and statistically significant at 1% level of significance while household size had inverse relationship in poultry production profitability in the study area. The constraints faced by the farmers include high cost of feeds and vaccination, disease incidence, high mortality rate, lack of credit and low marketing. Recommendations made include provision of market for products, regulation of prices of inputs and provision of adequate extension services to the farmers in the study area.Keywords: Effects, poultry, production
Effect of Soybean Utilisation on Child Nutrition in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State
Authors: Kormawa A. J. , Aminu O. O. , Akinbile L. A
Published: March 2021

The study assessed soybean utilisation and child nutrition among households in Chikun LGA of Kaduna State. This was done by examining trained and untrained households with respect to nutritional status of children below the age of five. Data was obtained through questionnaires. This was supported by anthropometric measurement of children’s weight and height. Most (58.4%) household heads were between the ages of 36-40 years and majority (78.3%) of the household members had formal education. Primary occupation engaged in by households were farming (35.3%) and trading (25.0%). Plant protein constitutes the main source of protein and the most preferred by respondents. Only one soybean product - dadawa was being used by untrained households. However, trained households were using soybean to make dadawa, moinmoin, soymilk, soy ogi and soup. Majority (62.3%) of the children below the age of five years were normal. Children from trained households suffer less malnutrition than those from untrained households. Also, 18.1% of children from trained households were better off in terms of normal growth than 10.7% of those from untrained households. Lack of processing equipment and time factor were major constraints to soybean utilisation. A significant difference in soybean utilisation existed between trained and untrained households (t = 12.4. p ≤ 0.01). There was a significant relationship between nutritional status of children and soybean utilisation (r = 0.34. p ≤ 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in nutritional status of children from trained and untrained households (t = 2.32. p ≤ 0.01). The study concluded that effective training on soybean utilisation innovations is key to improved protein malnutrition and child health in the study area.Keywords: Soybean utilization, rural households, child nutrition
Rural Farm Households Knowledge, Attitude and Perception towards HIV/AIDS in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeh G.N. , Nwofoke C. , Nwibo S.U.
Published: March 2021

This study investigated knowledge, attitude and perception of rural farm households towards HIV/AIDS in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to collect primary data from one hundred and eight (180) rural famers (respondents) with the aid of a questionnaire augmented with an interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed in data analysis. Result showed that HIV/AIDS awareness among the respondent was very high (94.44%). Despite this only 33.3% of them know their HIV status. Moreover, the level of knowledge of the rural households on HIV/AIDS was general low (33.3%). The route of transmission known by the majority (66.67%) was sexual intercourse. There were misconceptions about other modes of transmission and prevention of the disease among the rural farm households. Moreover, the general attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among the rural people revealed to be poor. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed a high value of R2 of 72.3%. This shows that about 72.3% of the variation in the level of knowledge of the respondents on HIV/AIDS infection, transmission and prevention was caused by the socio-economic/personal characteristics of the rural farmers. The result of the factor analysis identified financial, institutional and social constraints as factors limiting rural farmer’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS. It was concluded that there was high level of awareness on HIV/AIDS among rural farm households. Nevertheless, there exist some misconception on the knowledge, mode of transition and preventive measures. The study recommends that Agricultural Extension Agents should encourage the farmers over their fear of HIV/AIDS and to voluntarily present themselves for HIV/AIDS testing and counseling, government should do more campaign on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention measures in the study area, among others.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, perception, rural, farm households, HIV, AIDS, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Socio-Economic Characteristics of Dairy Cattle Farmers in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Saleh M.K.
Published: March 2021

This study examined socio-economic factors affecting improved dairy cattle farmers. A two-stage sampling procedures were adopted for the study. First, the purposive choice of the 16 States of northern Nigeria and in stage second, random sampling of 61 improved dairy farms. Questionnaire instrument was used to collect data from the respondents who were mostly the chairmen of the farms or their managers. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 48 years, 71% of the farmers were retired civil servants, 67% of the farmers had Bachelor Degree, the mean family size of the respondents was 11 persons per family and the mean annual income was N2, 000,113 per year. Sixty percent of the respondents had no contact with government extension workers, but 69% had knowledge of improved dairy cattle technologies through other means. Over 64% of cattle in the sampled farms were exotic breed, while 21% were crossbreed and indigenous breed constituted 15% of the total cattle in the sampled farms. The distribution of adoption level among the improved dairy cattle farmers shows that 38% adopted all the 6 and 26% adopted 3 and the mean was 4 out of the 6 technologies. Constraints identified were poor power supply, inadequacy of veterinary services and, high costs of inputs. Based on these findings, effective market outlay, virile extension services, efficient power supply and importation of exotic dairy cattle to crossbreed indigenous cattle breeds should be encouraged by government and non-governmental organizations and private individuals were recommended.Key words: Dairy cattle, dairy farmer, socioeconomic characteristics,