bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inimigas da pátria: Propostas educativas para a guerra contra as doenças venéreas na Marinha do Brasil nas décadas de 1920 e 1930
Authors: Machado Gisele Terezinha , Ross Silvia de
Published: May 2018

Resumo Este artigo oferece reflexões preliminares acerca de propostas educativas voltadas ao combate das doenças venéreas na Marinha de Guerra divulgadas em duas obras de médicos militares nas décadas de 1920 e 1930 no Brasil: Doenças no Mundo (1923), de autoria do médico e capitão-de-corveta João Pires Porto-Carrero, e Moléstias Venéreas na Marinha brasileira (1933), escrito pelo médico e capitão-de-mar-e-guerra Artur do Valle Lins. Para tanto, a análise desdobrou-se em dois aspectos centrais: os debates nacionais acerca das doenças venéreas como empecilhos à construção da nação brasileira, e a presença destes nas propostas educativas divulgadas nos livros produzidos por médicos militares que tematizaram o combate às doenças venéreas na Força Naval brasileira. Por meio da análise dessas publicações pôde-se perceber uma íntima relação entre eugenia, sanitarismo e a luta contra tais doenças em meio a um projeto de construção da nação brasileira, algo que não esteve presente somente nas propostas educativas do exército, mas perpassou os debates nacionais da área médica.
Vênus nos braços de mercúrio, bismuto e arsênio Notas históricas sobre sífilis gestacional antes da penicilina
Authors: Vázquez Georgiane Garabely Heil
Published: May 2018

Resumo Buscou-se neste artigo debater sobre os saberes e as práticas médicas referente à sífilis, em especial à sífilis gestacional, no início do século XX. O objetivo central foi apresentar o debate médico travado em uma das principais faculdades de medicina do país acerca das consequências da sífilis para a mulher gestante e para o feto ou criança. A natalidade foi amplamente defendida por médicos que acabavam por condenar algumas práticas de mulheres que levariam a comprometer a gravidez. A metodologia de análise foi estabelecida a partir de um estudo de caso sobre a tese defendida em junho de 1913, na cadeira de clínica obstétrica, pelo médico recém-graduado Arnaldo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque. Constatou-se pela documentação que os tratamentos do período para sífilis gestacional eram ainda bastantes precários e as anotações médicas extrapolavam os limites clínicos, adentrando muitas vezes no plano de cobrança de valores morais.
NOS3 Polymorphisms and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Medina Alejandro Marín , Zubero Eduardo Esteban , Jiménez Moisés Alejandro Alatorre , Barragan Sara Anabel Alonso , García Carlos Arturo López , Ramos José Juan Gómez , Gutierrez Juan Francisco Santoscoy , Castillo Zurisadai González
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a multifactorial pathophysiologic irreversible process that often leads to a terminal state in which the patient requires renal replacement therapy. Most cases of CKD are due to chronic-degenerative diseases and endothelial dysfunction is one of the factors that contribute to its pathophysiology. One of the most important mechanisms for proper functioning of the endothelium is the regulation of the synthesis of nitric oxide. This compound is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which has 3 isoforms. Polymorphisms in the NOS3 gene have been implicated as factors that alter the homeostasis of this mechanism. The Glu298Asp polymorphisms 4 b/a and -786T>C of the NOS3 gene have been associated with a more rapid deterioration of kidney function in patients with CKD. These polymorphisms have been evaluated in patients with CKD of determined and undetermined etiology and related to a more rapid deterioration of kidney function.
Are high flow arteriovenous accesses associated with worse haemodialysis?
Authors: Laranjinha Ivo , Matias Patrícia , Azevedo Ana , Navarro David , Ferreira Carina , Amaral Tiago , Mendes Marco , Aires Inês , Jorge Cristina , Gil Célia , Ferreira Anibal
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: An arteriovenous (AV) access flow (Qa) of 400 mL/min is usually sufficient for an effective hemodialysis (HD), but some accesses continue developing and become high flow accesses (HFA). Some authors postulated that an HFA might shift a significant portion of dialyzed blood from the cardiac output, which could decrease HD efficiency and lead to volume overload. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate if HFA is associated with reduced HD efficiency and/or volume overload in prevalent HD patients. Methods: We performed a 1-year retrospective study and assessed HD efficiency by the percentage of sessions in which the Kt/V > 1.4 and volume overload by bioimpedance spectroscopy. Results: The study included 304 prevalent HD patients with a mean age of 67.5 years; 62.5% were males, 36.2% were diabetics, with a median HD vintage of 48 months. Sixteen percent of the patients had a HFA (defined as Qa > 2 L/min). In multivariate analysis, patients with HFA presented higher risk of volume overload (OR = 2.67, 95%CI = 1.06-6.71) and severe volume overload (OR = 4.06, 95%CI = 1.01-16.39) and attained dry weight less frequently (OR = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.14-0.94). However, HFA was not associated with lower Kt/V. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with HFA have higher risk of volume overload. However, contrarily to what has been postulated, HFA was not associated with less efficient dialysis, measured by Kt/V. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify these questions.
Playing to continue being a child and freeing itself from the confinement of the hospitalization under precaution
Authors: Depianti Jéssica Renata Bastos , Melo Luciana de Lione , Ribeiro Circéa Amália
Published: May 2018

Abstract Objective: To understand the meaning of playing for the hospitalized child under precaution. Method: Qualitative research, where Symbolic Interactionism is the theoretical framework and Qualitative Content Analysis is the methodological one. It was attended by eight children aged between 5 and 10. Data were collected through participant observation of playful activities developed with the child by a nurse-researcher and semi-structured interviews mediated by story-drawing with theme. Results: Data showed the evolution of the interactions among toy, researcher and child; their rapid acceptance to get involved in playing; the way they explore the toys; the desire to free themselves from confinement; the relief of stress, the mastery of the situation and the protagonism enabled by the playing; the way they outline the hospital and the importance of having someone to play. Final considerations: Nurses should use creativity, seeking strategies that allow the child to play in this environment full of restrictions.
Ethical care of the other: Edith Stein and Max Scheler's contributions
Authors: Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Barea Rudimar , Werneck Vera Rudge , Grzibowski Silvestre , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Silva Luana Asturiano da
Published: May 2018

Abstract Objective: To analyze the empathy of Edith Stein and the sympathy of Max Scheler for an ethical care of the other. Method: A reflexive, philosophical study anchored in the philosopher Edith Stein's thoughts about empathy for the care of the human person, and likewise of the philosopher Max Scheler on sympathy. It intends to converge the thoughts of the thinkers with the intention of presenting the importance of the care with the person. Results: Stein's empathy leads the human being to perceive the experiences of others and the need for the ethical care of the other; Scheler, in relation to sympathy, brings love as the basis for the ethical care, essential in this relationship with the other. Conclusion: Life and care are become necessary for human relationships, and thus, according to Stein and Scheler's philosophies, each person is invited to perceive the other as a human being.
Atenção Básica como ordenadora do cuidado ao bebê de risco para alterações do neurodesenvolvimento
Authors: Molini-Avejonas Daniela Regina , Rondon-Melo Silmara , Batista Estela Ramos , Souza Amanda Calsolari de , Dias Daniela Cardilli , Samelli Alessandra Giannella
Published: May 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar bebês de risco quanto ao perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde e descrever o acompanhamento de parte destes nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), segundo diferentes modelos de gestão. Método Levantamento de dados de prontuários dos bebês de risco nascidos na região Oeste da cidade de São Paulo entre agosto de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014 em duas etapas (1 – caracterização; 2 – acompanhamento do desenvolvimento). Resultados Dos 225 indivíduos incluídos na primeira etapa, 51,1% eram do gênero feminino e 7,11% eram gemelares. Predominaram mães adolescentes (45,2%), pardas (50,56%), com ensino fundamental completo (47,60%) e solteiras (46,09%). A média de consultas pré-natais foi de 7,12. A maioria teve parto vaginal (62,21%) com idade gestacional média de 37,05 semanas. A média do Apgar foi de 7,13 no 1º minuto e 8,80 no 5º minuto. O peso médio ao nascimento foi de 2597,21 g, com 50,22% apresentando peso ≤2500g. Na segunda etapa, descreveu-se e comparou-se o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento de 55 bebês, segundo o modelo de gestão das UBS (28 em UBS/Estratégia Saúde da Família [ESF] e 27 em UBS tradicional). As UBS/ESF apresentaram maior média de consultas (p=0,006). Houve maior intervalo entre consultas nas UBS tradicionais. Da amostra, 56% não apresentaram registros referentes aos marcos de desenvolvimento. As medidas de crescimento foram registradas em maior número nas UBS/ESF. Para ambos, o número de consultas e o intervalo entre estas foram menores que o preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Conclusão Ainda existem lacunas no acompanhamento ao bebê de risco, segundo as diretrizes preconizadas na Rede Cegonha.
A filosofia analítica do Direito é etnograficamente limitada?
Authors: Brito Júnior Valdenor Monteiro
Published: May 2018

Resumo Este artigo pretende apresentar o potencial caráter WEIRD – Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic – das intuições usadas na filosofia analítica do Direito, fornecendo evidência à crítica feita pela Teoria Naturalizada do Direito de Brian Leiter sobre a limitação etnográfica do recurso às intuições dentro da teoria jurídica. Essas intuições sobre o Direito advêm de um estilo de raciocínio situado no extremo fim analítico da escala “analítico x holístico” que não corresponde ao padrão da humanidade, não produzindo inferências universalizáveis sobre o conceito de Direito.
Identidade étnica, índios e direito penal no Brasil:paradoxos insustentáveis
Authors: Wagner Daize Fernanda
Published: May 2018

Resumo Os estudos sobre a identidade étnica nas Ciências Sociais muito se modificaram a partir da década de 1970, merecendo destaque a obra de Fredrik Barth acerca dos grupos étnicos e suas fronteiras. Teriam tais estudos influenciado a compreensão sobre identidade indígena no Direito brasileiro, especialmente no que se refere à sua repercussão no âmbito penal? A formulação de tal questionamento se justifica, pois muitas decisões judiciais ainda utilizam como critério para comprovação da identidade indígena a existência de documentos que a atestem, o que afronta o reconhecimento aos indígenas estabelecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e também pela Convenção 169 da OIT. Todavia, não é esse o encaminhamento dado pela magistratura pátria quando depara com indígenas réus em processos penais. Nestes casos, a identidade étnica é afirmada para, em seguida, ser negada quando o indígena é considerado aculturado por falar português, portar documentos ou outros indícios tomados como perda da identidade étnica própria. Consequência disso, benefícios legais na fixação e cumprimento da pena, decorrentes da identidade étnica, são negados aos indígenas. O estudo propõe a análise de um julgado, que é ilustrativo de várias decisões no mesmo sentido. Para o estudo, parte-se da vertente jurídico-sociológica e utiliza-se a técnica de pesquisa teórica.
Proposal of rainwater harvesting coefficient (RWHC) for determination of effectively usable rainfall depth, relevant to rainwater harvesting systems design
Authors: Corrêa Jairo dos Passos , Fernandes Lindemberg Lima , Blanco Cláudio José Cavalcante , Neves Raisa Rodrigues
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT The study measures rainfall data to determine a rainwater harvesting coefficient revelant to rainwater harvesting and catchment projects assisted by non-parametric statistics tests, based on assumption that part of the total rainfall depth is discarded. The analyses of historical rainfall series shows that the city of Belem presents large potential to promote rainwater harvesting, with a rainy season and a less rainy season during the year. The results present an average of one rainfall event per day, from January 2001 to December 2011, and of which around 38% is used only for washing the rainwater harvesting system. The Anderson-Darling test revealed a non-adherence of the rainfall series to a normal distribution and according to the Mann-Kendall test, there was no significant trend in the evaluated series. After the calculation of the effective rainfall, determination of coefficients, application of the Anderson-Darling normality test and the Kruskal-Wallis variance test, it was proposed a rainwater harvesting coefficient of 0.78 for the city of Belém, Brasil.
Experimental and numerical investigation of flow patterns in shallow rectangular reservoirs with symmetrically positioned inlet and outlet channels
Authors: Miranda Daniel Augusto de , Reis Álefe Marques dos , Coelho Márcia Maria Lara Pinto
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT Shallow flows correspond to turbulent flows whose horizontal dimensions are considerably larger than the vertical one. In Hydraulic Engineering, they refer, e.g., to stormwater basins, stabilization ponds for wastewater treatment and aquaculture tanks. Since they involve low flow velocities, a continuous settling process often affects such shallow reservoirs. Therefore, it is important to expand the knowledge about the influence of its geometry on the hydrodynamic behavior and the sedimentation tendency. This paper aims to analyze flow patterns in a rectangular reservoir with symmetrically positioned upstream and downstream channels, taking into account three different flow rates under steady flow regime (0.50, 1.25 and 3.40 L/s). Experimental tests were performed in a laboratory prototype, consisted of a 3.0 m long and 2.0 m wide reservoir, with a maximum depth of 0.30 m. Also, it was applied the WOLF 2D software for numerical modeling of all variants. Experimentally, a symmetrical hydrodynamic behavior was observed only for the lowest flow rate, while the flow pattern was asymmetrical for the other cases. On the other hand, the numerical model indicated hydrodynamic symmetry for all scenarios.
A REVISTA EDUCAÇÃO & SOCIEDADE: UMA LEITURA DOS EDITORIAIS DE 1978 A 1996
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiana de Cássia
Published: May 2018

RESUMO: O texto analisa os editoriais da Revista Educação & Sociedade n. 1 a 57, abarcando o período entre 1978 e 1996. Percebe-se esta publicação como um corpus documental que expressa diferentes concepções educacionais e perspectivas políticas, que, em conexão com a ebulição no campo educacional no período, traz luz para amplas possibilidades de estudos oferecidas por este acervo. Procurou-se colocar em destaque o contexto de surgimento da Revista como expressão política de um grupo de intelectuais engajados na luta pela educação na construção de uma sociedade democrática. A Revista também se constituiu como um importante espaço de confronto de ideias, tornando-se uma referência fundamental para o estudo dos dilemas e desafios educacionais da realidade brasileira. O texto está organizado em três partes: inicialmente, a Revista é discutida como um espaço de consenso no rechaço à ditadura e à sua política educacional. Na segunda parte do texto destacam-se aspectos que exemplificam o intenso debate em que a Revista estava inscrita, como lugar de divergências teóricas e políticas. Por fim, na terceira parte, são tratados aspectos que se sobressaíram na análise dos editoriais na “Nova República”: o debate sobre a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB), as relações entre educação e trabalho, em meio às políticas de cunho neoliberal, e o processo de reestruturação produtiva.
Efficacy Evaluation of Fertilizers and Weed Control Practices to Mitigate Wheat Nutrient and Yield Losses
Authors: NADEEM M.A. , TANVEER A. , MAQBOOL R. , ABBAS T. , FAROOQ N.
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: Low fertilizer use efficiency due to inappropriate weed control practices is one of the main causes of poor wheat yield worldwide. A 2 year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of three fertilizer levels and four weed control practices on fertilizer use efficiency and nutrient uptake by wheat and its associated weeds. Fertilizer levels were F0 (zero fertilizer), F1 (75 kg ha-1 N + 50 kg ha-1 P2O5), and F2 (150 kg ha-1 N + 100 kg ha-1 P2O5) and weed control included W1 (weedy check), W2 (pendimethalin applied at 1,031 g a.i. ha-1), W3 (isoproturon + carfentrazone ethyl applied at 750 g a.i. ha-1) and W4 (manual weed control). Different weed control practices significantly reduced the NPK uptake by weeds and increased NPK uptake by wheat. Maximum uptake of NPK by wheat and minimum uptake by weeds were recorded in W4. Increasing dose of fertilizer increased NPK uptake by both weeds and wheat. However maximum fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield of wheat were achieved when highest dose of fertilizers (F2) was used along with manual weed control method (W4), which was followed by F2 and W3 during both years. We have come to the conclusion that to achieve higher wheat yield by increasing fertilizer doses, farmers should take appropriate weed control measures.
Weed Flora of Fayoum (Egypt), One of the Oldest Agricultural Regions in the World
Authors: AL-SHERIF E.A. , ISMAEL M.A. , KARAM M.A. , ELFAYOUMI H.H.
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT: Fayoum region is the most fertile agricultural land in Egypt and one of the oldest agricultural city in the world. The present study aimed to determine its weed flora composition and its distribution through different habitats. Results recorded 175 species of vascular plants belonging to 124 genera and 35 families distributed in eight habitats. The richest families were Poaceae, Asteraceae (Compositae) and Fabaceae (Leguminoseae), while genera with the highest number of species were Euphorbia, Amaranthus and Cyperus. Cynodon dactylon and Alhagi graecorum were the present species, recorded at all habitats. Old cultivated lands recorded the highest species number followed by orchard habitats, on the contrast road side and wasteland habitats recorded the lowest species numbers. Therophytes were the dominant life form, while Phanerophytes were the smallest group in this study, 5%. The highest Jaccard similarity index was recorded between healthy land and orchard habitats, which supported also by ward classification.
Gastos com pagamentos no Programa Aqui Tem Farmácia Popular: evolução entre 2006-2014
Authors: Silva Rondineli Mendes da , Caetano Rosângela
Published: May 2018

Resumo A partir de 2004, o Governo Federal anunciou o "Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil", para melhorar o acesso da população brasileira aos medicamentos. A vertente "Aqui Tem Farmácia Popular" (ATFP), iniciada em 2006, tem sido a principal responsável pela expansão dessa forma de provisão. Este artigo examinou os dispêndios do Ministério da Saúde com pagamentos de medicamentos aos estabelecimentos credenciados ao Programa ATFP, no período 2006 a 2014. Foram utilizados dados de fontes secundárias, como o Fundo Nacional de Saúde e a Sala de Apoio à Gestão Estratégica e contato direto com o sistema e-SIC. Gastos do ATFP foram mapeados segundo a indicação de uso dos medicamentos, pelas empresas credenciadas, e também comparados ao repasse ministerial dedicado ao financiamento do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica. No período, foram gastos R$ 7,9 bilhões com o ATFP, com forte padrão de crescimento após a entrada, em 2011, da isenção de copagamento. Medicamentos para tratamento da hipertensão arterial somaram 60% dos gastos, seguido dos antidiabéticos (19%) e dislipidemia (14%). Losartana potássica e sinvastatina obtiveram destaque nos gastos. Os aumentos expressivos nos gastos federais devem ser objeto de monitoramento cuidadoso, já que sustentabilidade financeira é questão fundamental na viabilidade dos sistemas de financiamento de medicamentos.
Os desafios e limites da inserção dos bolsistas do PIBIC – Ensino Médio no campo acadêmico
Authors: Oliveira Adriano de , Bianchetti Lucídio
Published: May 2018

Resumo Neste artigo, derivado de uma pesquisa de doutorado, analisamos o processo de concretização e recontextualização do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica para o Ensino Médio (PIBIC-EM) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), por meio de entrevistas com bolsistas, orientadores e coorientadores. Para a compreensão da praxis dos orientadores, dos grupos de pesquisa e dos bolsistas, foram decisivos os conceitos de habitus, intelectual coletivo e campo acadêmico oriundos das reflexões de Bourdieu. Além disso, utilizamos o conceito de zona de desenvolvimento proximal, de Vygotsky, salientando a importância da interação de sujeitos em fases distintas de aprendizagem no campo acadêmico. No decorrer da análise, apontamos os limites e as possibilidades desse processo de inserção dos bolsistas no PIBIC-EM. A praxis dos orientadores e grupos de pesquisa foi decisiva para a formação inicial do pesquisador no Ensino Médio, a partir de questões como: escrita de projetos; escolha do tema de pesquisa; coleta de dados e análise do objeto de pesquisa; preparação para apresentação em seminários de iniciação científica; despertar dos bolsistas para a carreira acadêmica. Porém, evidenciaram-se limitadores: a terceirização da orientação para grupos de pesquisa e/ou graduandos e pós--graduandos; o predomínio de orientações virtuais; a inexperiência e a reduzida formação dos (co)orientadores para essa função; o excesso de atividades a que estão submetidos os orientadores na universidade. Esse contexto aponta a necessidade de programas de formação de orientadores para atuar na especificidade da Educação Básica.
Emoção expressa de familiares e recaídas psiquiátricas de pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia
Authors: Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi , Vedana Kelly Graziani Giacchero , Gherardi-Donato Edilaine Cristina da Silva , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Martin Isabela dos Santos , Tressoldi Larissa de Souza , Miasso Adriana Inocenti
Published: May 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre recaídas psiquiátricas de pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, níveis de emoção expressa de seus familiares e fatores relacionados. Método: Estudo prospectivo, realizado em um serviço ambulatorial de saúde mental e em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, com pacientes e familiares que responderam ao Family Questionnaire − Versão Português do Brasil, um formulário contendo as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e um roteiro estruturado para avaliação de recaídas. Para a análise, utilizou-se do modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 89 díades. Dos pacientes investigados, 31% apresentaram recaídas, e 68% dos familiares, elevada emoção expressa. A relação entre a emoção expressa e as recaídas não foi significativa. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que quanto maior o número de internação nos 2 anos precedentes ao estudo, a chance de o paciente apresentar recaídas no período de 24 meses é de 1,34. Conclusão: A emoção expressa foi insuficiente para predizer recaídas. Assim, as recaídas devem ser compreendidas como um fenômeno multifatorial. Esses resultados fornecem subsídios para intervenções e investigações sobre os múltiplos fatores envolvidos na evolução do paciente com esquizofrenia, acompanhado em serviços de saúde mental de base comunitária.
Avaliação da qualidade de protocolo clínico para atendimento em planejamento familiar de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids
Authors: Brasil Raquel Ferreira Gomes , Silva Maria Josefina da , Moura Escolástica Rejane Ferreira
Published: May 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de protocolo clínico para atendimento em planejamento familiar de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Método: Pesquisa avaliativa realizada com base nos seis domínios do Appraisal of Guideline for Research & Evaluation II e no Coeficiente de Variação de Pearson. Resultados: O protocolo alcançou entre 88,8% e 100,0% de qualidade nos domínios do Appraisal of Guideline for Research & Evaluation II e 93,3% na avaliação global. Obteve-se coeficiente de variação de Pearson entre zero e 18,6. Uma vez que se adotou percentual mínimo de 70,0% à qualidade atribuída pelos avaliadores, conferiu-se qualidade em todos os domínios do Appraisal of Guideline for Research & Evaluation II. Com o coeficiente em todos os domínios inferior a 25%, infere-se que as pontuações atribuídas pelos avaliadores foram lineares ou homogêneas, significando elevada concordância entre eles. Conclusão: O protocolo foi avaliado como instrumento de qualidade, recomendado para uso por profissionais de saúde que lidam com o planejamento familiar de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids.
Avaliação ultraestrutural de agulhas e seu papel no conforto durante a administração subcutânea de medicamentos
Authors: Pereira Iuri Bastos , Oliveira Mair Machado Medeiros de , Ferreira Priscila Brigolini Porfírio , Coutinho Roberta Pereira , Cameron Lys Eiras , Porto Isaura Setenta
Published: May 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a morfologia de biséis de agulhas hipodérmicas após a aspiração de drogas e a percepção de conforto ocasionado pela troca ou não de agulhas entre preparo e administração de medicamentos pela via subcutânea. Método Pesquisa experimental realizada em dois momentos. Inicialmente, agulhas hipodérmicas foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e, em seguida, um ensaio piloto foi conduzido com os participantes, que indicaram o nível de conforto percebido no momento da penetração dos biséis das agulhas durante a administração pela via subcutânea. Resultados Participaram do estudo 41 pacientes adultos internados. Apesar de as agulhas terem apresentado de discreta a importante alteração morfológica, quando avaliadas por ultramicroscopia, os participantes deste estudo não foram capazes de relatar alterações sensoriais significativas durante a penetração destas nas duas técnicas adotadas. Conclusões A padronização de seringas com agulhas fixas ou o uso de uma única agulha tanto para o preparo quanto para a administração de medicamentos pela via subcutânea devem ser considerados como estratégias para redução da produção de resíduos perfurocortantes, diminuição do custo por procedimento e limitação do risco de contaminação de dispositivos considerados críticos.
Análise da Escala de Perroca em Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos
Authors: Santos Cledy Eliana dos , Klug Daniel , Campos Luciana , Losekann Maristela Vargas , Nunes Thaíse da Silva , Cruz Ricardo Pedrini
Published: May 2018

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a complexidade do cuidado de enfermagem com o uso da escala de Perroca em uma Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos. Método Estudo retrospectivo descritivo com análise quantitativa. Resultados Entre 2008 e 2016, foram internados 2.486 pacientes, a mediana de tempo de internação foi de 12 dias. Desses pacientes, 1.568 tiveram pelo menos uma avaliação pela escala de Perroca, classificados em cuidados mínimos ou intermediários (910, 58%), obtendo alta (602, 66%). Como cuidados semi-intensivos e intensivos, foram 658 (42%) pacientes, dentre os quais 64% morreram e apenas 36% receberam alta hospitalar. Conclusão A escala Perroca é uma ferramenta para identificar os pacientes com maior necessidade de cuidados e de possível prognóstico para os pacientes internados.
Modelling of fracture problems in quasi-brittle materials by the E-FEM
Authors: MARASCA C. Z. S. , BITTENCOURT E. , BESSA V. M. R. D.
Published: May 2018

Abstract In this paper a numerical model with strong discontinuities is presented to address fracture problems in quasi-brittle materials. A non-symmetrical statically and kinematically consistent formulation is implemented. The strong discontinuity in the displacement field is represented using the elemental enrichment finite element method (E-FEM). In other words, the strong discontinuity is introduced into the finite element and the additional degrees of freedom are condensed at the element level, allowing the implementation into existing computational codes. Two constitutive models are used to analyze the behavior of the cracked zone, linear and exponential. The exponential model results are closer to those obtained in experimental data and representative numerical simulations than the linear model.
About the use of semi-continuity to remove fireproof coatings in simply supported composite steel and concrete beams
Authors: ROMAGNOLI L. C. , SILVA V. P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract The behavior under fire conditions of composite steel and concrete beams, not subjected to local buckling (compact steel profile), was studied considering the support rotational stiffness provided by the upper longitudinal slab reinforcement, usually present by means of anti-cracking meshes, and restriction of the steel profile’s lower flange, additional procedure required for development of the support bending moment resistance. Usually composite beams at room temperature are designed as simply supported and the semi-rigidity provided by this longitudinal reinforcement, if considered under fire conditions, may lead to a lower cost solution for fire protection of composite beams. The purpose of this study is to verify the viability of this proposal, using simplified design code methods.
Lateral distortional buckling of cellular composite-beams
Authors: PIASSI A. D. , DIAS J. V. , CALENZANI A. F. G. , MENANDRO F. C. C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract In the region of negative bending moments of continuous and semi-continuous steel and concrete composite beams, the inferior portion of the steel section is subjected to compression while the top flange is restricted by the slab, which may cause a global instability limit state know as lateral distortional buckling (LDB) characterized by a lateral displacement and rotation of the bottom flange with a distortion of the section’s web when it doesn’t have enough flexural rigidity. The ABNT NBR 8800:2008 provides an approximate procedure for the verification of this limit state, in which the resistant moment to LDB is obtained from the elastic critical moment in the negative moment region. One of the essential parameters for the evaluation of the critical moment is the composite beam’s rotational rigidity. This procedure is restricted only to to steel and concrete composite beams with sections that have plane webs. In this paper, an equation for the calculation of the rotational rigidity of cellular sections was developed in order to determine the LDB elastic critical moment. The formulation was verified by numerical analyses performed in ANSYS and its efficiency was confirmed. Finally, the procedure described in ABNT NBR 8800:2008 for the calculation of the critical LDB moment was expanded to composite beams with cellular sections in a numerical example with the appropriate modifications in geometric properties and rotational rigidity.
The collapse of Real Class building
Authors: RIBEIRO R. J. C. , OLIVEIRA D. R. C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract This paper describes the scene of the Real Class building collapse, a residential building with reinforced concrete structural system and located in the urban area of the city of Belem / PA, occurred in 2011. The unconformities found in the building are displayed using data extracted from reports and verification of structural and architectural designs. The data was compared with the Brazilian code for reinforced concrete structures, NBR 6118 (2007), valid at the time of the accident. The security of the building was evaluated through a computer model with linear analysis with the software used by the designer. The conditions of the structural system designed and as built was evaluated with parameters of global stability and load capacities of columns and foundations. The results showed that the structure of the building was subject to large displacements and the sections of columns were unable to resist the stresses produced by regional wind actions.
Application of tuned-mass dampers to the control of floor vibrations
Authors: ALMEIDA G. M. , MAZZILLI C. E. N.
Published: May 2018

Abstract This article proposes a standardized solution for the application of Tuned-Mass Dampers to the control of floor vibrations based on the characteristics of the acting loads associated to human usage and the characteristics of the most common structures of the contemporary engineering practice. In order to simplify its usage by the technical community, the tuning is proposed through the selection of pre-determined components for the assembly of the TMD and the choice of disposition and spacing of the mechanisms. The system efficacy is then verified through the computational case study of a floor before and after the application of the mechanisms.
Stiffness plasticity degradation of masonry mortar under compression: preliminar results
Authors: MOHAMAD G. , FONSECA F. S. , VERMELTFOORT A. T. , LUBECK A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract The main goal of this research is to determine the mechanical properties of bedding mortar by assessing the mortar damage onset, the stiffness plasticity degradation and the apparent Poisson´s ratio under compression. Two mortar types, 1:0.5:4 and 1:1:6 (cement:lime:sand ratio), were used and tested at 28 days; specimens had diameter-to-height (d/h) ratios of 0.3 and 1.0. These diameter-to-height (d/h) ratios were chosen to evaluate the effect of confinement caused by the friction between the steel plates of the testing machine and the sample. Numerical models were developed, and their response compared with the experimental results. From the experimental results, it was concluded that there are meaningful differences in their responses with weak and strong mortar types and different d/h ratios. The d/h ratio influences the relationship between the stress and strength and the apparent Poisson´s ratio of the specimen, which is defined herein as the ratio of the horizontal to vertical strain, regardless of cracking of the specimen. The mortar damage onset and stiffness plasticity degradation for both mortar types and d/h ratio are different and depend on the stress/strength ratio level. All samples with a d/h ratio of 0.3 show a constant decrease in the volumetric strain until failure but with negligible expansion on the horizontal deformation. In contrast, samples with a d/h ratio of 1.0 present an increase of stiffness after development of the first crack, which causes the increase of the sample volume. Numerical simulation and experimental results for mortar 1:0.5:4 with a d/h ratio of 0.3 are similar until approximately 10 MPa, after which the numerical results diverge from the experimental results. For the d/h ratio of 1.0, the vertical strain results are also similar, but the horizontal strains results near failure are very different. The model can not represent the nonlinear increase of the horizontal strain near failure probably because the crack propagation and the stiffness plasticity degradation could not be controlled. For mortar 1:1:6, vertical strains from numerical and experimental results are similar, but again the model can not reproduce the nonlinear increase of horizontal strain near failure.
Gastrointestinal parasites among felids inhabiting the Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Dib Laís Verdan , Cronemberger Cecília , Pereira Fabiane de Aguiar , Bolais Paula Forain , Uchôa Claudia Maria Antunes , Bastos Otilio Machado Pereira , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis , Barbosa Alynne da Silva
Published: May 2018

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the species of felids that inhabit the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (Parnaso) and gastrointestinal parasites at various stages of their life cycles in the feces of these animals. Between 2013 and 2015, felid feces were collected from trails in Parnaso. The sampling points were georeferenced. A total of 82 fecal samples were processed, of which 79 were collected on the ground, two from captured felids and one from a necropsied animal. All samples underwent coproparasitological techniques. Samples collected from the environment underwent additional trichological analysis. Fur patterns corresponding to Leopardus guttulus, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii and Puma yagouaroundi were observed in 32 of the samples collected on the soil. High frequency of potentially parasitic evolving forms (88.6%) was observed in felid feces, particularly eggs of the family Diphyllobothriidae (68.6%). Besides, were also detected, eggs of superfamily Ascaridoidea (42.9%), nematode larvae (28.6%), eggs of order Strongylida (28.6%), Capillaria sp. (8.6%), Trichuris sp. (8.6%), eggs of order Spirurida (2.9%), unsporulated coccidian oocysts (8.6%) and Eimeria sp. (2.9%). Felid feces presented higher frequency of polyparasitism (60%) than monoparasitism (28.6%).
Rangelia vitalii and Hepatozoon canis coinfection in pampas fox Lycalopex gymnocercus from Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Maria Regina Lucas da , Mattoso Cláudio Roberto Scabelo , Costa Adson , Saito Mere Erika , Tchaicka Lygia , O’Dwyer Lucia Helena
Published: May 2018

Abstract Rangelia vitalii is a haemoparasite that infects erythrocytes, white blood cells and the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of blood capillaries of canids in South America, and has been detected in both domestic dogs and sylvatic canids. Hepatozoon canis is a parasite that infects neutrophils and monocytes of many mammalian hosts. This study reports the infection of Lycalopex gymnocercus from Santa Catarina, Brazil, with R. vitalii and H. canis. The piroplasm was observed on both blood smears and molecular tests. Many large piroplasms were detected inside the erythrocytes, with round, oval, or teardrop-shaped organism, that occurred singly or in pairs. They had an abundant, pale blue cytoplasm and decentral dark red small nucleus. The animal was also infected with H. canis that was detected only by molecular tests. The majority of haematological and biochemistry parameters were within the reference values for domestic dog and wild canids.
Immunohaematological and rheological parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Silva José Nivaldo da , Cotrim Aron Carlos , Conceição Luciana Auxiliadora Viebrantz da , Marins Camila Moreira Ferreira , Marchi Patricia Gelli Feres de , Honorio-França Adenilda Cristina , Almeida Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de , França Eduardo Luzía , Sousa Valéria Régia Franco
Published: May 2018

Abstract The aim of this study was to find correlations between haematological and rheological parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CLV). Enrolled dogs with CVL (n=31) had a confirmed diagnosis using the rapid test Dual Path Platform (TR DPP®) kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. A control group (n=31) comprised healthy dogs with negative results for the TR DPP® kit and PCR assay. Haematological parameters and total protein, albumin, globulin, and antibody were assessed. The rheological properties of the blood samples were also determined. Erythrocytes, haematocrit and platelet values of dogs in the CVL group were found to be lower than those of the control group. The total protein, globulin and IgG concentrations were higher in serum samples from the CVL group. The blood flow curve demonstrated increased shear rates in the CVL group. The viscosity of the blood from the infected animals was lower than in the healthy dogs. A positive correlation was found between erythrocyte numbers and blood viscosity. These data suggest that changes in the flow curve and viscosity of blood as well as the erythrocyte values may be a viable low-cost alternative for the monitoring of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.
Toxoplasma gondii: isolation, biological and molecular characterisation of samples from free-range Gallus gallus domesticus from countryside Southeast Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Tamiris Cristine Ribeiro , Buery Julyana Cerqueira , Moreira Narcisa Imaculada Brant , Santos Claudiney Biral , Costa Júlia Gatti Ladeia , Pinto Lorena Velozo , Baraviera Ramon Castro de Araújo , Vitor Ricardo Wagner Almeida , Fux Blima
Published: May 2018

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii presents a high prevalence worldwide, infecting several animals. Felines are considered the definitive hosts and among the intermediate hosts we highlight mammals and birds. The man can become infected by ingesting tissue cysts present in birds and mammals. Biological and molecular aspects of T. gondii allows a better understanding of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This work is a serologic screening of 58 chickens grown (Gallus gallus domesticus) for human consumption in Espírito Santo State, by means of indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). Thirteen chickens tested positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The heart and brain of five positive chickens were harvested, treated with pepsin and inoculated separately, in two Swiss mice, intraperitoneally. Tachyzoites were observed in the peritoneum of all the animals, between seven and 10 days after the inoculum. Ten isolates were obtained and biologically characterised in BALB/c mice inoculated with 101 to 104 tachyzoites. All isolates were classified as virulent or intermediately virulent. Isolates were genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, revealing three different genotypes. None of the isolates exhibited the clonal type I, II or III genotype. No genotypic differences were observed between the isolates from the brain or heart from the same bird.
Occurrence of Paratanaisia spp. Freitas, 1951 in a domiciled cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus, Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)
Authors: Santi Mariele De , Couto Caroline do , Werther Karin
Published: May 2018

Abstract Digenetic eucotylids of the Paratanaisia genus are widely reported parasites of the avian renal system. The infection, commonly reported in free-living and zoo-housed birds, is described for the first time in a domiciled bird, a cockatiel kept as pet bird with free access to the yard outdoors. The bird was received at Veterinary Hospital, where clinical and radiographic evaluations suggested a case of heavy-metal poisoning. Although the bird received supportive care and a chelating agent, it died the next day. The necropsy showed friable kidneys and congestion of blood vessels in structures such as the skin, proventriculus, brain, and skullcap. The histopathological evaluation of the kidneys revealed multifocal hemorrhages, commonly found in cases of heavy-metal poisoning. Parasitic structures similar to those of the digenean trematodes Paratanaisia spp. were also observed inside dilated collecting ducts, which presented epithelial cell flattening and vacuolization. There was compression of adjacent tissue and discrete fibrotic areas. In the presence of intermediate hosts in the yard, the synanthropic nature of some wild free-living birds could make them a source of trematodes infection and dissemination for pet birds. Conversely, the infected cockatiel could also have served as a reservoir and carrier of trematodes to wild free-living birds.
Farmer groups and inorganic fertiliser use among smallholders in rural South Africa
Authors: Sinyolo Sikhulumile , Mudhara Maxwell
Published: May 2018

Smallholder farmers in developing countries are characterised by low uptake of improved farm inputs and weak links to markets. Among other reasons, the high transaction costs that these smallholder farmers incur, as a result of their location in remote areas, inadequate information and missing credit markets, inhibit them from participating in both input and output markets. Organising farmers into groups has been suggested as a potential mechanism for reducing transaction costs. Accordingly, farmer groups have been preferred channels for smallholder farmer support in South Africa, both by the government and donors. However, the impact of these groups on smallholder outcomes such as technology adoption is largely unknown. We investigated the extent to which membership in farmer groups influences the use of improved farm inputs such as inorganic fertiliser among smallholder farmers in South Africa. A sample of 984 households was analysed using the propensity score matching method. Group membership was found to play a positive role in inorganic fertiliser use with a 14% higher chance of inorganic fertiliser use among group members. Among fertiliser users, group members used 170 kg more inorganic fertiliser than did non-members. Further analysis indicated that the effect of group membership on inorganic fertiliser use was heterogeneous among group members. The results suggest that farmer groups play a positive role in the use of improved farm inputs in South Africa. For greater effectiveness of group membership, policymakers should target the less educated, increase the assets of the poor and improve access to extension and information.

Significance:

The impact of farmer groups on smallholder outcomes such as technology adoption is largely unknown.

Farmer groups were found to play a positive role in the adoption of agricultural technologies such as inorganic fertilisers.

Effect of group membership on inorganic fertiliser adoption was heterogeneous among group members.

Variables that should be targeted for greater effectiveness of collective action were identified.
The Grootfontein aquifer: Governance of a hydro-social system at Nash equilibrium
Authors: Cobbing Jude E. , De Wit Maarten
Published: May 2018

The Grootfontein groundwater aquifer is important to the water supply of the town Mahikeng in the North West Province of South Africa and to commercial agriculture in the Province, but the water table has fallen by up to 28 m as a consequence of over-abstraction since the 1980s. Institutional and hydrogeological issues impact the aquifer in complex ways, described here as a hydro-social system. Whilst the hydrogeology is well understood and South African laws provide for sustainable groundwater governance, poor stakeholder collaboration and other institutional problems mean that the overabstraction is likely to persist – an example of an undesirable Nash equilibrium. The Grootfontein aquifer case shows that groundwater underpins wider social-ecological-economic systems, and that more holistic management – taking the institutional context into account – is needed to underpin economic growth, employment and other public outcomes.

 Significance:

The cost of better natural resource stewardship, including groundwater, is likely to be considerably less than the losses that occur when it is absent.

If local groundwater was better managed, it could make water supplies in Mahikeng cheaper and more reliable, which would in turn support local economic growth and employment.