bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Patterns of Alternative Racquet-Sport Injuries in the United States, 1997-2016
Authors: Nhan Derek T. , Klyce Walter , Lee R. Jay
Published: July 2018

Background:

Racquet sports have increased in popularity over the past decade. Although research is available regarding the epidemiological characteristics of tennis injuries, little is known about the frequency and characteristics of injuries in other racquet sports.

Hypothesis:

Given the increase in all racquet sport participation in the United States (US), it is hypothesized that injuries have accordingly become more frequent.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database, we reviewed the numbers of badminton and squash/racquetball injuries presenting to a representative sample of US emergency departments (EDs). We used weighted estimates to extrapolate the data to the US population. Incidence estimates were compared with national participation data and stratified.

Results:

A total of 4330 injuries were reported, representing an estimated 173,000 injuries presenting to US EDs from 1997 through 2016. Despite the increase in the number of players from 2006 through 2016, the annual injury rate for squash/racquetball declined significantly, including the rates for each body region assessed. No similar trend was found for badminton injuries. Within our extrapolated ED cohort, the lower extremities were the most common body region injured (37%). Strains/sprains were the most common injury type in the trunk (73%), lower extremities (65%), and upper extremities (32%), whereas lacerations were most common in the head/neck (49%). In badminton, the youngest players (age range, 5-18 years) sustained twice as many fractures (relative risk [RR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.14-3.38) and almost 3 times as many lacerations as patients in any other age group. Similarly, the youngest squash/racquetball players were at highest risk for lacerations (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.22-1.73) and head and neck injuries (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.26-1.83).

Conclusion:

Although declines in rates of squash/racquetball injuries were observed, the increasing popularity of badminton, squash, and racquetball necessitates further preventive measures to improve player safety, with an emphasis on the youngest players.
Perception of Factors Influencing Primary Health-Care Facility Choice Among National Health Insurance Enrollees of a Northwest Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Michael Godpower Chinedu , Aliyu Ibrahim , Grema Bukar Alhaji , Suleiman Abdullahi Kabiru
Published: July 2018

Background:

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) of Nigeria was designed to eliminate known cultural, physical, and resource-related barriers to quality health-care access. Although choice of primary health-care facility (PHF) remains in the domain of the scheme enrollees, little is known about factors influencing their choice. Hence, the study of the perception of factors influencing PHF choice among NHIS enrollees of a northwest Nigerian hospital becomes imperative.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of 284 principal enrollees randomly selected from patients attending the NHIS clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, using a designed, pretested, investigator-administered questionnaire. Their sociodemographics and factors influencing their choice of the clinic were assessed.

Results:

Respondents’ mean age was 40.9 ± 9.0 years and they were predominantly males (83.1%) with tertiary education. Median distance between their homes and PHF was 7.6 ± 12.5 km. Most respondents were aware of other accredited PHFs in the city and believed it was their right to choose a PHF. Among the various factors influencing their choice of index PHF were better functioning equipment (83.5% of respondents), more specialists/trained health workers (78.5%), ease in receiving specialist care (69.4%), and better overall quality of care (78.9%).

Conclusion:

There are multiple factors associated with enrollee choice of PHF in this study. The NHIS enrollees value the presence of functioning equipment/facilities, ease in receiving specialist care, and overall high quality of care in their choice of PHF. Improving enrollee enrollment at accredited PHF may require addressing these factors.
Telehealth: A Balanced Look at Incorporating This Technology Into Practice
Authors: Neville Casey W.
Published: July 2018

This article explores the use of telehealth and the ability to provide health care to patients through interactive technology and telecommunication tools. The use of telehealth continues to grow, reaching multiple medical specialties and providing care to a greater population of patients. The purpose of this article is to increase the knowledge of telehealth, identify positive outcomes associated with telehealth as well as potential barriers, and evaluate the benefits against the downfalls to determine whether the positive outcomes outweigh the barriers.
Gun Control in the Crosshairs: Christian Nationalism and Opposition to Stricter Gun Laws
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. , Schnabel Landon , Perry Samuel L.
Published: July 2018

Despite increasingly frequent mass shootings and a growing dissatisfaction with current gun laws, American opposition to federal gun legislation remains strong. The authors show that opposition to stricter gun control is closely linked to Christian nationalism, a religious cultural framework that mandates a symbiotic relationship between Christianity and civil society. Using data from a national population-based survey, the authors show that Christian nationalism is an exceptionally strong predictor of opposition to the federal government’s enacting stricter gun laws. Of all the variables considered, only general political orientation has more predictive power than Christian nationalism. The authors propose that the gun control debate is complicated by deeply held moral and religious schemas that discussions focused solely on rational public safety calculations do not sufficiently address. For the substantial proportion of American society who are Christian nationalists, gun rights are God given and sacred. Consequently, attempts to reform existing gun laws must attend to the deeper cultural and religious identities that undergird Americans’ beliefs about gun control.
Framing and integration in the global forest, agriculture and climate change nexus
Authors: Soto Golcher Cinthia , Visseren-Hamakers Ingrid J
Published: July 2018

This article contributes to the debate on Integrative Governance by studying integration in the global forest–agriculture–climate change nexus. Since the 1990s, the role of the land-use sector, in particular forests and agriculture, has become increasingly prominent in climate change debates due to its vulnerability and its contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing agriculture, climate change and forest policies in an integrated way could therefore create important synergies and reduce trade-offs. This article aims to analyse the extent of integration in current global governance in the nexus of agriculture, forests and climate change, and to explain this extent of integration. Based on the analysis of secondary data, participation in key events and semi-structured interviews, this article concludes that efforts to enhance integration have taken different forms for the different pairs of domains (climate change–agriculture, agriculture–forest, forest–climate change) as well as for the nexus of the three. Integration has been mainly enhanced through soft law, programmes and integrative approaches (e.g. landscape approach, climate smart agriculture, agroforestry). The analysis also shows that the extent of integration among the governance systems has differed. Interplay management efforts on forests and climate change have been relatively successful. Agriculture and forest, and agriculture and climate have low and modest levels of integration respectively, except adaptation in agriculture, which enjoys higher integration levels. Differences in integration can be explained by the medium to high degrees of legalization and the (in)compatibility of the dominant frames present in the different governance systems. Furthermore, our results show that integration in a governance system with a high degree of legalisation, and dominated by one regime, as is the case in climate change, presents important challenges. In such cases, integration might have greater potential outside the intergovernmental regime through soft law approaches.
Intentional avoidance of physical activity in women with migraine
Authors: Farris Samantha G , Thomas J Graham , Abrantes Ana M , Godley Frederick A , Roth Julie L , Lipton Richard B , Pavlovic Jelena , Bond Dale S
Published: July 2018

Given the benefits of habitual physical activity for migraine management and overall health, it is important to understand the reasons for low physical activity levels in those with migraine. Beliefs that physical activity can trigger and/or worsen migraine pain may contribute to low physical activity levels via intentional avoidance of physical activity, particularly of higher intensities. This study evaluated intentional avoidance of physical activity at varying intensity levels and its association with (a) leisure-time physical activity levels, (b) beliefs that physical activity will trigger and/or worsen migraine, and (c) migraine characteristics. Participants were women ( n = 100) who screened positive for migraine on the IDMigraine and completed an online survey on physical activity and migraine. The majority of the sample (78%) reported avoiding physical activity to manage migraine attacks at least once in the past month, and most reported avoidance of both moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity. Among those who reported avoidance, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity was avoided on an average of 4.0 ± 2.0 and 4.1 ± 2.2 days/week, respectively. More frequent avoidance of vigorous-intensity physical activity (but not moderate-intensity) was significantly correlated with lower vigorous-intensity physical activity indicated by fewer days/week ( r = −0.28, p = 0.016) and fewer minutes/day ( r = −0.29, p = 0.011). The frequency of physical activity avoidance was significantly correlated with stronger expected likelihood that physical activity, at both intensity levels, will both trigger ( r = 0.39–0.43, p < 0.01) and worsen ( r = 0.24–0.25, p < 0.05) migraine attacks. Individuals who avoided physical activity reported a significantly higher number of migraine attacks in the past month and were more likely to have chronic migraine, compared to those who did not report avoidance. Intentional avoidance of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity is a common migraine management strategy that is associated with lower levels of vigorous-intensity physical activity, stronger beliefs that physical activity will trigger or worsen migraine, and more frequent migraine attacks. Individuals with migraine who avoid physical activity may benefit from targeted intervention to address beliefs about physical activity and migraine, which has the strong potential to improve both migraine and health outcomes.
Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis Approach of Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Kantilaras Anggita Putri
Published: July 2018

This is a case study of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), which is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that comprises less than 2% of all soft tissue tumors. SFT located in the extremities, especially in the legs, has a high possibility of developing malignancy. The case study presented demonstrates a sonogram which identified an inhomogenous hypoechoic solid lesion located in the subcutaneous layer of the femoral region. The use of Doppler showed hypervascular activity in the hyperechoic area. This finding was consistent with malignant SFT and confirmed by histopathologic exam. The possibility of an SFT should be a diagnostic consideration with any large soft tissue mass in extremities. This is a further consideration with the diagnostic medical sonography findings demonstrating a hypoechoic, well-defined mass that has a large collateral feeding vessel and displaces the adjacent structures.
CLT030, a leukemic stem cell–targeting CLL1 antibody-drug conjugate for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jiang Ying-Ping , Liu Bob Y. , Zheng Quan , Panuganti Swapna , Chen Ruoying , Zhu Jianyu , Mishra Madhavi , Huang Jianqing , Dao-Pick Trang , Roy Sharmili , Zhao XiaoXian , Lin Jeffrey , Banik Gautam , Hsi Eric D. , Mandalam Ramkumar , Junutula Jagath R.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

CLL1-ADC targets both AML blasts and LSCs. Unlike CD33-ADC, CLL1-ADC does not affect normal HSCs.
What Every Anesthesiologist Should Know About the Manual Resuscitation Bag
Authors: Sivco Carolyn S. , Cherian Verghese T.
Published: July 2018

The bag-valve-mask or the manual resuscitation bag is life-saving equipment. This article explains its construction, functioning, and limitations. This article also attempts to clarify some common misconceptions such as whether a resuscitation bag can be used to preoxygenate or provide continuous positive airway pressure or positive end-expiratory pressure and the highest percentage of oxygen that it can deliver.
Synaptic convergence of afferent inputs in primary infrared-sensitive nucleus (LTTD) neurons of rattlesnakes (Crotalinae) as the origin for sensory contrast enhancement
Authors: Bothe Maximilian S. , Luksch Harald , Straka Hans , Kohl Tobias
Published: July 2018

Pitvipers have a specialized sensory system in the upper jaw to detect infrared (IR) radiation. The bilateral pit organs resemble simple pinhole cameras that map IR objects onto the sensory epithelium as blurred representations of the environment. Trigeminal afferents transmit information about changing temperature patterns as neuronal spike discharge in a topographic manner to the hindbrain nucleus of the lateral descending trigeminal tract (LTTD). A presumed, yet so far unknown neuronal connectivity within this central nucleus exerts a synaptic computation that constrains the relatively large receptive field of primary afferent fibers. Here, we used intracellular recordings of LTTD neurons in isolated rattlesnake brains to decipher the spatio-temporal pattern of excitatory and inhibitory responses following electrical stimulation of single and multiple peripheral pit organ-innervating nerve branches. The responses of individual neurons consisted of complex spike sequences that derived from spatially and temporally specific interactions between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from the same as well as from adjacent peripheral nerve terminal areas. This pattern complies with a central excitation that is flanked by a delayed lateral inhibition, thereby enhancing the contrast of IR sensory input, functionally reminiscent of the computations for contrast enhancement in the peripheral visual system.
NEW TECHNIQUES FOR SAMPLING AND CONSOLIDATION OF SEDIMENTS: APPLICATION TO BURNT SOILS FROM AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN AUSTRIA
Authors: Aidona E. , Scholger R. , Mauritsch H. J.
Published: July 2018

An archaeomagnetic study requires samples to be oriented very precisely prior to the removal from the site and to be transported safely since most of the times the collected samples are very soft and fragile. In this study we present new techniques for sampling and consolidation of sediments and unconsolidated soils, which are useful tools for palaeomagnetic and archaeomagnetic investigations. An application of the above techniques has been performed in burnt soils (roastbeds) in an archaeological site near Eisenerz (Austria), which used to be a cooper-smelting place in Bronze Age (around 1450 b.c.) Several roast beds have been collected and consolidated in order to investigate the distribution and the stability of the magnetization of these materials. We obtained around 350 samples and the natural remanent magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility of all these samples have been measured with a 2G squid cryogenetic magnetometer and a GEOFYSIKA KLY-2 susceptibility meter, respectively. Plots of the natural remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility versus depth indicate different layers of heating and give some first evidences for the use of these soils during the smelting procedure. Higher values of the intensity of the magnetization as well as of the magnetic susceptibility represent the more intense heating layer. Magnetic cleaning (thermal and Af demagnetization) of pilot samples revealed the presence of a stable component of magnetization. It seems, therefore, that these types of materials are suitable for an archaeomagnetic investigation, since they are able to record and preserve all the necessary magnetic information and provide important knowledge concerning the recent history of the Earth's magnetic field.
STUDY ON THE EXPLOITATION POSSIBILITY OF THE THERMA-NIGRITA GEOTHERMAL FIELD (PREFECTURE OF SERRES)
Authors: Μπιρμπίλη Μ. , Χρηστάνης Κ. , Λαμπράκης Ν. , Καρύτσας Κ.
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of Therma Nigrita low-enthalpy geothermal field and to examine the possibility of exploitation. Six geothermal fluid samples and two cold-water samples were obtained from eight boreholes situated in the Therma field of Nigrita. Field measurements, as well as laboratory determinations using classic and modern methods of analyses were carried out. The temperature of the geothermal fluids ranges from 38,5 up to 62,5°C; the discharge rates of the boreholes range from 40 up to 70 m3/h. These data lead to the conclusion that the field is exploitable. Due to high As and Li contents and in order to avoid environmental impacts, it is essential to reinject the waste geothermal fluids into the geothermal reservoir. For the exploitation of the geothermal field, the applications of district heating and cooling of a part of Nigrita Municipality using heat pumps, in combination with greenhouse applications, are proposed. In order to save energy and reduce the capital cost, the above applications have to be placed in cascade. The energy production cost, including also the capital amortisation cost, of the above application amounts to 0.0226 €/kWh. The proposed geothermal applications have a significant economic advantage over the use of fossil fuels. Additionally, there is an important environmental benefit from avoiding the emission of severe quantities of CO2 (>8,000 tons annually), which would be emitted in case of oil use.
RE-ORIENTANTION METHODS OF CORE SAMPLES: IMPLICATIONS TO SEDIMENT CORES FROM N. GREECE
Authors: Αηδονά Ε. , Κοντοπούλου Δ. , Scholger R.
Published: July 2018

The different methods of re-orientation of core samples are discussed in the present study. In order to obtain results from core samples concerning the direction of the formation, their permeability and their anisotropy, it is essential first to bring all the pieces of the core into their initial position with regard to the North and to the horizontal (in-situ). In this study we emphasize particularly to the palaeomagnetic technique. This re-orientation method uses the magnetic components of the rocks (especially the viscous component) in order to determine the direction with regard to the North (declination). Also, the anisotropy method which helps us to correct the angle to the horizontal (inclination) is described here. Finally we applied the last two methods in non-oriented core samples from N. Greece and the significant importance of the re-orientation techniques to the palaeomagnetic studies is shown.
SEISIMPACT-THES: DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM TO ASSESS THE VULNERABILITY TO EARTHQUAKE HAZARD OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT OF THE PREFECTURE OF THESSALONIKI
Authors: Κουτουπές Σ. , Καραντώνης Γ. , Σωτηριάδης Α. , Κυρατζή Α. , Βαλαδάκη Α. , Θεοδουλίδης Ν. , Σαββαΐδης Α. , Τζιαβός Η. , Σαββαΐδης Π. , Δούκας Ι.
Published: July 2018

The scope of the present work is to organize into a digital form and evaluate the excellent record of reported damages, connected to the occurrence of the 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake (M 6.5). For this purpose an advanced Information System with open architecture is under development. The system will include:• A properly designed database.• A Geographic Information System containing all the above data (after digitization and corrections) enriched with more recent data, as well as topographic, geological and geophysical data of the region (metropolitan area of Thessalonica).• A model system of accessing the above via web and mobile devices.The information system is designed with an open architecture so it can be easily adapted for use with similar data from other regions, and/or with other geographically distributed information with commercial importance. The data to be collected, stored and used will be described using XML language to facilitate communication among different applications and for flexible expansion to incorporate any new data types that have to be described and stored in the database. The use of XML is considered ideal both for back-end application logic, and as a platform for application and platforms integration. More specifically regarding the latter, methodologies will be developed for application integration based on XML-RPC and SOAP, which will enable flexible exchange of data with external systems and applications. The application will be available through the Internet so the interface of the application will be depicted through a Web Browser, using a desktop PC, a laptop, or - with some restrictions - a PDA.
A SOURCE PARAMETERS STUDY OF THE AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE OF THE KOZANI- GREVENA 1995 EARTHQUAKE BASED ON ACCELERATION RECORDS
Authors: Panou A. A. , Papazachos C. B. , Papaioannou Ch. , Hatzidimitriou P. M.
Published: July 2018

Strong motion recordings of the May 13, 1995 Mw=6.6, earthquake sequence that occurred in the Kozani-Grevena region (Western Macedonia, Greece) have been analyzed for the determination of their source parameters. The data set for this study comes from a temporarily deployed accelerograph network and the source parameters using the shear-wave displacement spectra have been estimated. For this estimation the spectral records have been corrected for the site effects and for the propagation path (geometrical spreading and anelastic attenuation). The magnitude of each event was also re-calculated by estimating appropriate station corrections. The derived relationships arelogMo =(1.43 ±0.09) M, + (16.92 ± 0.29), 2.0 < ML< 5.0 (1)logfc = (-0.56± 0.08) · ML + (2.52 + 0.29), 2.0 < ML< 5.0 (2)logM0 = (-2.20 + 0.08) · log fc + (23.16 ± 0.84), 0.6 < fc < 10.0 (3)The near-surface attenuation parameter κ0 has also been determined for the strong motion stations sites. These values of κ0 are in good agreement with those of Margaris and Boore (1998) for the geological formation on which each station was positioned. The obtained source parameters are in good agreement with those from previous studies for the Aegean region.
AMBIENT NOISE HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO FOR ASSESSING SITE EFFECTS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: THE CASE OF THESSALONIKI CITY ( NORTHERN GREECE )
Authors: Panou A. A. , Theodulidis N. , Hatzidimitriou P. M. , Papazachos C. B. , Stylianidis K.
Published: July 2018

250 ambient noise measurements were performed in a dense grid (about 150mX150m) covering the historical center of the city of Thessaloniki (Northern Greece), that was strongly affected by the 20/6/1978 (M=6.5) damaging earthquake. The data were processed using the method of horizontal- to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio (Nogoshi and Igarashi, 1971; Nakamura, 1989). In order to evaluate diurnal and seasonal variation (summer - winter) of the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio, systematic measurements were performed in eight sites. The fundamental frequency (fo) and the corresponding H/V amplitude level (Ao) from the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio for each site were calculated. Spatial interpolation of the fundamental frequency (fo) and the corresponding H/V amplitude level (Ao) was attempted between all points and respective contour maps were produced. Diurnal variation of the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio showed that it is preferable to perform measurements during the calm hours of a day, when manmade noise is relatively low. However, no systematic seasonal fluctuation effect on the ambient noise H/V spectral ratio was identified for the city of Thessaloniki. Contour maps of both fundamental frequency (fo) and corresponding H/V amplitude level (Ao) were compared versus the macroseismic data of the 1978 earthquake (Leventakis, 2003), as well as with related geological (IGME, 1978) and geotechnical (Anastasiadis et al., 2001) studies for the same area. Damage distribution due to 20/6/1978 earthquake (Penelis et al., 1985) was also converted to EMS_98 (European Macroseismic Scale, 1998). For seventy buildings, made of reinforced concrete, we have also compared the obtained results with the dynamic amplification of the buildings (Ubuilding) at the fundamental soil frequency (fo). The results encourage the use of ambient noise measurements along with the (H/V) spectral ratio technique as a nonexpensive and fast tool in microzonation studies to be carried out in urban environments.
THE EARTHQUAKE OF 426BC IN N. EVOIKOS GULF REVISITED: AMALGAMATION OF TWO DIFFERENT STRONG EARTHQUAKE EVENTS?
Authors: Papaioannou I. , Papadopoulos G. A. , Pavlides S.
Published: July 2018

An examination of historiographie and seismological studies of the last two centuries showed that probably some of them amalgamated the 426BC earthquake event of Maliakos Gulf with a second earthquake occurring later in the same area. Reexamination of the classical documentary sources regarding the earthquake of 426BC and its associated tsunami revealed the different descriptions of Thucydides and Strabo as well as several inconsistencies that characterize their texts. These imply that possibly two different earthquakes occurred in the area of Maliakos Gulf during the 5th and 3rd centuries BC. This hypothesis is further supported by archaeological evidence which indicates that the destruction horizons found in excavations in Lamia and Oreos were caused by strong earthquake activity. The first is dated around middle 3rd century BC, while the second is dated from 225 to 215BC. Regarding the first of the suggested earthquakes, the information that only Peparethus (Skopelos) was damaged indicates that possibly it wasn't so strong. Chronologically this event should be placed on the summer of 426B.C. On the contrary, it seems that the second event was very strong, given that it affected many places in a large area of destruction. This earthquake probably occurred after 426B.C. and its terminus post quern is around 200B.C. The archaeological destruction may represent the earthquake described by Strabo that is the second event.
DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE REPORTS UNDER THE SEISIMPACT-THES SYSTEM
Authors: Savvaidis P. , Doukas I. , Hatzigogos Th. , Tziavos I. N. , Kiratzi A. , Roumelioti Z. , Savvaidis A. , Theodulidis N. , Drakatos G. , Koutoupes S. , Karantonis G. , Sotiriadis A.
Published: July 2018

One of the scopes of the SEISIMPACT-THES project is to organize into digital form and evaluate the records of reported damage, related to the occurrence of the 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake (Mw=6.5). For the exploitation of these data, an advanced Information System is under development that will include:• A properly designed database• A Geographic Information System containing all the necessary data (after digitization and corrections) enriched with more recent data, as well as topographic, geological and geophysical data of the region (metropolitan area of Thessaloniki)• A model system of accessing the above via the web and mobile devicesThe basic data for the implementation of the project are derived from the archives of the Agency for the Relief of Seismic Catastrophes in Northern Greece (YASBE). The data are included in the forms of inspection of buildings carried out in Thessaloniki shortly afterwards the 1978 earthquake. It is estimated that there are roughly 63,000 building inspection forms in the region of Thessaloniki. The exploitation of this rich database with the description on the damage that the buildings suffered will result in a complete electronic database properly standardized so that it can be linked to the geographic data of a Geographic Information System. The database structure will allow multiple queries and processes to study in depth the behavior of buildings in Thessaloniki, and its correlation with other geological, geophysical, geotechnical factors
GEOLOGY COURSES IN GREEK HIGH SCHOOLS: AN OVERVIEW AND PROPOSALS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Σκαρπέλης Ν. , Ασημακοπούλου Αικ. , Μιχαλοπούλου Κ.
Published: July 2018

An overview of the earth science courses in the curriculum in the greek high schools from 1899 to 1999 is given in the paper. It was based on detailed searching within files related to educational issues included in the Official Journal of the Greek Government. Although all segments of society can benefit by an enhanced awareness of earth sciences, severe cutbacks in geology education took place last years. It is proposed that the school program should be designed to include a geology course for students of the 3rd class of Gymnasium or the 1s t class of the Lyceum, comprising a series of talks and demonstrations on diverse themes related to the evolution of the earth, management of water and mineral and energy resources, natural hazards, the responsible use of the geosphere, the earth processes affecting evolution of life, the origin of human race and the preservation of natural monuments.
SELECTING PEDAGOGICAL GEOTOPES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Φέρμελη Γ. , Μαρκοπούλου-Διακαντώνη Α.
Published: July 2018

Landscape is our modern environment and the rocks that constituting are simultaneous the materials from which are made our cities. May be, some students have seen these geological outcrops, but what are they knowing about the way that they have formed, the way that they act on humans and the way that humans act on them? It is very important the selection of urban pedagogical geotopes because their study will contribute in the understanding of the local geological history, and they will help each student separately to develop useful skills and also they will sensitize the general public. There are three cities types or three sections in the cities that they can coexist in a city or it can appear one or a combination of two (Tab. 1). In type 1, exist impressive or simply obvious natural geological resources. In type 2, the appearance of geological natural resources is very limited, but exists. In these two types of cities, we are looking for "typical geotopes" and there is the opportunity to promote the geological natural resource in the urban environment and indicate his relation with historical, social and cultural development of city. In type 3, does not exist the least appearance of geological resources. In this category belong usually the centres of big cities and the probability to find typical geotopes is minimal. In this type, if we want to promote the idea of geological heritage we should "create" a geological resource that means a "non typical geotope". In these cases the built environment - buildings, statues, monuments (Tab. 5), even cemeteries, streets mainly pedestrian zones Tab. 6), pavements and other constructions which their materials (Tab. 7) (rocks and constructions materials) are emanating from geological natural resources – can constitute a "not typical geotope". Educationally these "non typical geotopes" offer a great challenge to discover the local geological history. As a "non typical geotope" in Athens is proposed the "appearance" of Iridanos river in the METRO Station Monastiraki (Tab. 8).
SEDIMENTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN THE LAGOON OF KAIAFA (W PELOPONNESE)
Authors: Μπούζος Δ. , Κοντόπουλος Ν.
Published: July 2018

The Kaifa lagoon is located along a coast in the western Péloponnèse. It is relatively shallow with an average depth 3.29 m. The lagoonal bottom sediment is dominantly sandy mud while few places are covered with muddy sad. They have an average Md 5.48 Φ (2.20Φ-7.80Φ) while in the greater part of the lagoon the Mz varies between 5.00Φ and 6.00Φ which points to the medium silt grade. The bottom sediments as a whole are very poorly sorted because of the significant absence of a wave or current action. Phi skewness varies between very negative and very positive values. These suggest the presence both the winnowing action and the process of the addition of a suspension material. The kurtosis values mostly are under 1.00. These probably suggest that the velocity of the depositional agent changes wide. The average amount of CaC03 is 45.28% (22.18%- 67.21%). CaC03 can be supplied by eolian action which operates on the barrier island. This mostly consists of carbonate clastic grains. The amount of organic carbon averages 3.58% (1.7%-6.10%) and the higher values (5%-6%) occur in the eastern lagoonal margin near a marsh zone.
TRIASSIC CARBONATE AND EVAPORITE SEDIMENTATION IN THE IONIAN ZONE (WESTERN GREECE): PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC AND PALAEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATION
Authors: Getsos K. , Pomoni-Papaioannou F. , Zelilidis A.
Published: July 2018

The Triassic is considered a crucial interval because during that time huge areas in our planet suffered an intense, long lasting, period of aridity, which favored the formation of worldwide evaporitic bodies. During the Triassic, great volumes of evaporites were formed in the Ionian basin (Western Greece). On the surface chaotically textured gypsum, surrounded by dolomitic breccias of solution-collapse origin, appears. Sedimentological and diagenetical data proposed that these salt bodies were formed in an intertidal to supratidal environment. Although halite suggests precipitation under long-term arid conditions, clay film intercalations reveal intervals of short term humid conditions. During arid periods sabkhas prevailed and brines were of marine origin. Instead, during humid intervals brines were modified by meteoric water and stormy episodes could be responsible for the transportation of clay-sized material, from the low relief surrounding terrains, into the evaporative basin. Death and burial of cyanobactehal population during storm events could be responsible for the enrichment of clayey layers in carbonaceous material. The co-existence of halite and clays in the Ionian evaporitic sequence imposes a complicated climate, possibly periodically and seasonally controlled. The impact of the precession of the equinoxes plus the palaeogeographical position dominates the local climate. The insolation over the Triassic Ionian basin and nearby sea and land areas is a crucial factor. Climate responses to gradual insolation forcing with an ocean land atmosphere feedback mechanism. The desert / monsoonal dominated climatic model seems to be most proper for the explanation of the existing lithologigal record.
QUATERNARY CALCARENITE ("POROS") OF MYKONOS, DELOS AND RHENIA, CYCLADES ISLANDS, GREECE
Authors: Varti-Mataranga M. , Piper D. W.J.
Published: July 2018

Outcrops of friable calc-arenite of late Quaternary age, known as Poros rock, from Mykonos, Rhenia and Delos, are characterized sedimentologically and their cements are studied in thin section. Calcarenites of beach, coastal eolian dune, and pedogenic alluvium origin are distinguished sedimentologically. Beach calcarenite shows marine cementation by a uniform rim of micrite and bladed Mg-calcite. Some eolian dunes show precipitation of needle aragonite, probably from sea spray, but the dominant cements are sparry calcite from groundwater and vadose zone deposition of irregular micrite with meniscus and gravitational textures. Pedogenically cemented alluvium shows the characteristics of caliche, such as rhizoliths with clots and globules of micrite and circumgranular cracking. One outcrop of calcarenite from Panormos Bay in Mykonos shows beach fades at +2.5 to +4.0 m above present sea level, overlying cemented debris flow deposits. This occurrence is interpreted as Tyrrhenian in age (isotopie stage 5e) and implies regional long-term subsidence of 2 cm/ka, consistent with the lack of marine terraces in the area. Archeological sites on Delos show irregular variations of sea level of about 1 m in the past 2.5 ka, probably related to movement on faults.
SEED AND FRUIT FOSSILS IN GREEK LIGNITE DEPOSITS
Authors: Αντωνιάδης Π. , Μαυρίδου Ε.
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to present a collection of seed and fruit fossils coming from several Greek lignite deposits. What is presented is part of an effort to create a complete collection that could be used in the future from scientists as a reference when studying Greek lignites and specially their paleoenvironment conditions. A general wetland model as a possible environment of peat formation is presented together with the representative flora for each wetland type. Seed and fruit fossils can not only provide adequate information for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment where lignite was formed, but can also contribute to the determination of age and stratigraphie classification of the lignite deposits. In three lignite deposits, namely Drama, Ag. Anargiri, and Lava, the information coming from found seed and fruit fossils was processed and the paleoenvironment conditions together with the age of the deposits were determined.
MlCROPALEODOLOGICAL STUDY OF CORE Z1 FROM IONIAN SEA PALEOCLIMATOLOGICAL- PALEOOICOLOGICAL CONCLUSIONS
Authors: Γεραγά Μ. , Μυλωνά Γ. , Τσαϊλά-Μονόπωλη Στ. , Παπαθεοδώρου Γ. , Φερεντίνος Γ.
Published: July 2018

The preliminary results based on the abundances of planktonic foraminifera and oxygen isotopes at the sediments of the core Z1, selected from the Ionian Sea (Otranto Basin) revealed three main climatic periods: Last Glacial, Late Glacial and Holocene. The warmest conditions of the studied interval prevailed during the formation of sapropel S1. Four stadials occurred during Late Glacial and Holocene. The older corresponds to Younger Dryas event, while the other three occurred during Holocene. The establishment of warm and low salinity surficial waters seems that caused the reduction of water mass circulation and thus the formation of the sapropel S1. Although the presence of a stadial around the middle of the S1, no distinct interruption of the sapropelic sedimentation have been occurred. The younger stadial coincides with the end of the sapropel S1. The evolution of the planktonic assemblages seems to be similar with that of the Central Mediterranean for the studied interval. Therefore, almost all the biozones and ecozones of the Central Mediterranean have been recognized at the sediments of Z1. The application of the factor analysis revealed four factors. The first two correspond to the variation of SST, while the other two are related to the development of high fertility waters during cold periods and during the formation of S1.
THE MESOZOIC EXTENDED SPONGES - COLONIES WITHIN THE METAMORPHIC PLATTENKALK GROUP OF THE EXTERNAL HELLENIDES
Authors: Μανούτσογλου Ε.
Published: July 2018

In the present work the spatiotemporal distribution of relics from extended colonies of sponges that were located and preserved within metamorphic rocks of the Plattenkalk Group of the External  Hellenides is presented and discussed. Based on reports regarding extensive occurence of sponges during Upper Jurassic in Europe, published and new data for the occurence of probable Demospongiae in mainly mountainous regions of Southern Péloponnèse and Crete are compiled. This data allow a better palaeoecological approach and a probable partial revision of the evolution of the palaeogeographical deposition area of an important part of the External Hellenides.
QUATERNARY SOIL-GEOLOGICAL STRATIGRAPHY IN GREECE
Authors: Paepe R. , Mariolakos I. , Van Overloop E. , Nassopoulou S. , Hus J. , Hatziotou M. , Markopoulos T. , Manutsoglu E. , Livaditis G. , Sabot V.
Published: July 2018

Peloponnesus and Crete are probably offering the best possible standard sections for Eastern Mediterranean Pleistocene Series. Complete Pleistocene Standard Lithostratigraphic Sections from Sparta (Peloponnesus) and Kandanos (Crete) reveal continuous Pleistocene Land Sequences composed of cyclic palaeosol levels interfering with clastic fluvial, eolian (loess) and gravel deposits comparable with analogues found elswhere over the earth. Most suitable for correlation are: a) the standard Idfess area of Northern Europe, Russia and China, and b) the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The standard Greek Pleistocene Lithostratigraphic Sequence independently recorded at both sites (and partially from sites in other regions of Greece) reveal a number of 103 palaeosols of both interglacial and interstadial stages, indicating the extreme warm to relative warm phases of the Pleistocene ice age. This number suits surprisingly well to the 103 levels of the equally warm odd numbered oxygen isotopie stages (OIS) of the Pleistocene deep sea record which equally encompass the warm phases of the Pleistocene. Special attention is given to the Upper Pleistocene of Koroni (Southern Peloponnesus) as a case study for the Last Interglacial - Last Glacial Cycle, i.e. the middle term cycle extending in time from 127 Ka (thousand years) till 10 Ka or beginning of the Holocene. It stands as a model for the recurrent 100 Ka cycles of the long term overall Pleistocene record. Finally, in addition to the Pleistocene, the twenty wet - dry cycles of the Holocene are reviewed.
DELINEATION AND MAPPING OF ALLUVIAL FANS BY THE USE OF LANDSAT/TM AND TERRA/ASTER SATELLITE IMAGES.
Authors: Αστάρας Θ. , Βουβαλίδης Κ. , Οικονομίδης Δ.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the study was the precise delineation and mapping of alluvial fans, locating in mountainous areas of Northern Greece, by the use of: a) LANDSAT/TM and TERRA/ASTER satellite images (pixel size 30 m and 15-90 m respectively), b) topographic and geological maps and c) ground truth procedure (visiting the test sites). The digital processing of the satellite images was performed with EASI/PACE software. False Colour Composite (FCC) images, that helped to the better delineation of the fans, were derived by various image processing techniques, such as contrast stretching, ratioing, Principal Components Analysis (PCA),etc. The above processed images were imported into a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they were georeferenced to UTM Projection System. Next, the delineated (on the images) fans were digitized and overlaid to topographic and geological maps. From the above procedure and in comparison to ground-truth observations, it was concluded that the boundaries of the alluvial fans appear more precisely on the satellite images than in geological and topographic maps. The results of this study could be useful to geomorphologists dealing with morphological study and analysis of the alluvial fans. Also, they could be helpful to the improvement and updating of the present geological maps, by defining the boundaries of the fans mere precisely. Finally, conclusions can be drawn concerning the sorting of the materials comprising the fans. This information could be useful to hydrogeologists, since the alluvial fans are usually rich in water content.
MORPHOLOGICAL MAPPING OF THE BOTTOM OF MESOLOGGI LAGOON WITH THE USE OF ASTRONAUT PHOTOGRAPHY AND GIS
Authors: Αλμπανάκης Κ. , Βουβαλίδης Κ. , Κόμματα Π. , Σπανού Σ. , Ψιλοβίκος Αρ.
Published: July 2018

Mesologi lagoon is a large and shallow environment with intense fish farming applications and the consequent enclosing of very large areas with fish fences and nets, which make field mapping almost impossible. Anthropogenic influence is eminent and a recent and updated morphological map was necessary. A mapping technique is presented based on the use of astronaut photography that is distributed freely by the Internet site of NASA. The digital photograph was geometrically corrected, visually, as semi transparent layer over a scanned map image by the use of PHOTOSHOP software. The areas of known depth were used to classify the depths of the lagoon with the PHOTOSHOP tool "replace color". An image therefore was produce with the depths classified as solid colors. This image was used as base map in MAPINFO, to produce a digital map in GIS environment, where all anthropogenic influence and depths (as depth ranges) are exist as separate layers and reveal the morphological background of the lagoon. The GIS map was used to calculate the water volume of the lagoon and the changes of the volume, as the sea level fluctuates with the tide. The depth-volume diagram was created and shows that during low water (-30cm) the volume is reduced by 43%, in contrast an increase of only 12% when sea level become 30cm higher. This is the result of the construction of peripheral embankments that restricts extension of the lagoon in high water. The implication of this situation is that the water renewal is restricted when sea level is kept high by a barometric low or an onshore wind, in contrast to very good renewal time when sea level is kept low by a barometric high.
DRAINAGE NETWORK EVOLUTION OF THE PORTAIKOS RIVER (THESSALY)
Authors: Βρουχάκης Ι. , Βουβαλίδης Κ. , Σφέικος Α. , Μαργώνη Σ.
Published: July 2018

Portaikos river is a tributary of Pinios River located in Thessaly. It drains the southern part of Thessaly basin, and specifically the south part of the district of Tricala. This region is located at the border with the district of Karditsa. Portaikos River drainage basin covers an area of 294 km2, which is 2.8 % of the total drainage basin of Pinios River. The direction of Portaikos river drainage basin extends from SW-NE. The evolution of Portaikos River drainage network presents some specific morphometric features. Its analysis required the use of digital data, which were analyzed with G.I.S. software. During the study of the drainage network with the laws of drainage composition, we found a certain deviation of the 4t h and 5t h order streams. Geology has influenced significantly the estimated values of drainage density and frequency of the sub-basins. In some specific areas previous hydrographie features are inherited by the underlying rocks, which constitute the current surface morphology. The analysis of the rose diagrams of the tributaries showed a clear tendency in two main directions. The one extends from NE-SW and the other from NW-SE, almost vertical to each other. To conclude, the hypsometric (area altitude) analysis revealed that Portaikos River drainage network has developed upon a landmass of the western tectonic border of Thessaly basin.
GEOMORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN THE COASTLINE OF VISTONIS LIKE, THRACE, Ν GREECE.
Authors: Δελημάνη Π. , Ξειδάκης Γ.
Published: July 2018

The lake Vistonis is a shallow coastal lake about 20 km SE of the city of Xanhti; in Greek Thrace. It constitutes one of the most important hydrobiotope of Thrace. The lake has an area 45χ106 m 2 and a total volume of water 106*106 m . It accepts today around 330.000 m 3/yr sediments and a total volume of 360><106 m3/sec fresh water from the surrounding basin. Due to human intervention to drainage system of the basin i.e. entrenchment of the torrent channels and diversion of their courses (river Kosinhtos),etc, the solid load reaching the lake increased a lot during the last decades resulting in the increase sedimentation inside the lake. As a result the rate of the lake shrinkage increased. Besides that the lake suffer from eutrophication due to fertilizers brought with river waters. In this paper the changes in the lake's shoreline the last 170 year is discussed. As it is shown the lake's coastline exhibits prograduction (advance) at its north and east side and erosion and retreat at the south and west side. This is attributed to the distribution of the incoming sediment and to the prevailing, in the area, NE and SE winds.