bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divulgación de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en América Latina. Evidencias en el uso de la Directriz GRI
Authors: Castillo-Muñoz Carlos Arbey , Ripoll-Felieu Vicente , Urquirdi Ana
Published: January 2022

Introducción. Las organizaciones de América Latina, han aumentado notablemente la divulgación de información sobre Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). Objetivo. Responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuál ha sido la evolución en la divulgación de la RSE en América Latina? Materiales y métodos. La divulgación voluntaria de memorias bajo las directrices de la Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) durante el período 2006-2015, es el marco a través del cual se presenta una visión sobre el avance alcanzado en la divulgación de información sobre RSE en América Latina. El análisis de los datos se realiza mediante una metodología descriptiva, las tendencias se identifican en el informe, se compara la propiedad, el tamaño y los sectores productivos. Resultados. Durante el período de estudio, se presenta un crecimiento promedio en la divulgación de memorias del 35 % anual y se percibe una concentración en los sectores financiero, energético y alimentario. Conclusiones. El incremento mostrado en la divulgación de memorias de sostenibilidad, confirma que las organizaciones responden a la incorporación de la RSE como parte de las políticas de gestión, las grandes empresas y los tres sectores señalados participan en mayor número. Pese a ello, la adopción del estándar GRI como modelo de reporte es heterogénea entre los diferentes países, lo cual sugiere la existencia de diferencias en el desarrollo de la responsabilidad social de las organizaciones.
Core bacteria associated with Cochlodinium polykrikoides(Dinophyta) blooms: diversity and function
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Jung Kaeul , Kim Kangeun , Park Joonsang , Kang Donhyug , Baek Seung Ho , Cha Hyung-Gon , Lee Chul Yong , Kim Han Su , Cho Sung Ho , Lee Taek-Kyun , Jung Seung Won
Published: January 2022

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Cochlodinium polykrikoides exert
pressure on nutritional resources; however, little is known about how
they affect bacterial diversity. To investigate this, 110 water samples
were collected from the Southern Sea of South Korea. Samples were
divided into three groups based on environmental factors and
phytoplankton data with a similarity of 85% using non-metric
multidimensional scaling. Group I represented high-severity blooms and
had a mean C. polykrikoides abundance of 1,560 cells
mL. Groups II and III represented low-severity
blooms, with mean densities of 68 and 57 cells mL,
respectively. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous and dissolved organic
carbon concentrations increased with C. polykrikoides density.
This may reflect the change in biogeochemical cycling due to HAB release
of extra polymeric substances. Furthermore, a total of 88 core bacterial
operational taxonomic units (OTUs, with relative abundance
> 1%) were identified. These included Gammaproteobacteria
(36 OTUs), Flavobacteriia (24), Alphaproteobacteria (18), and other taxa
(11). In Group I, the relative abundances of Gammaproteobacteria and
Alphaproteobacteria were higher, and the relative abundance of
Flavobacteriia was lower compared those in Groups II and III. Functional
analysis based on the core bacterial OTUs revealed that
chemoheterotrophy-related functions were more common in Group I than in
Groups II and III. OTU #030, which was selected as strong indicator
species, was strongly positive correlated with C. polykrikoides
abundance (r = 0.95). Our results demonstrate that there are complex
interactions between HABs, environmental factors, and core bacteria and
functions, which could have important implications for biogeochemical
cycling.
Transient calculation on TRIGA 2000 of plate-type fuel element using RELAP5, EUREKA2/RR, and MTR-DYN codes
Authors: Dibyo Sukmanto , Pinem Surian , Widodo Surip
Published: January 2022

The TRIGA 2000 reactor Bandung is proposed to convert from rod-type fuel to
plate-type fuel because there are no manufacturers in the world that still
produce rod-type fuel. Calculating the safety parameters and their
reliability related to reactor operation has become an important thing to
do. The objective of this study was to perform the reactor transient calculation of TRIGA 2000 that uses plate-type fuel. The reactor core
modification is based on the capability of the existing primary coolant
system, without changing its flow rates. Thermal-hydraulics
calculations related to reactivity insertion accident and loss of flow
accident were analyzed using EUREKA2/RR, MTR-DYN, and RELAP5 codes. The
chosen loss of flow accident scenario is a decrease in flow caused by a
sudden stop of the pump power supply, while reactivity insertion accident is
conducted by the withdrawal of control rods with maximum reactivity
insertion of 32.33 ? 10?5 s?1. The calculated parameters are reactivity,
reactor power, and temperature of the coolant, cladding, and fuel in the
hottest channel position. In general, from a safety point of view, those
computer codes were capable of performing the transient calculations with
appropriate results. Based on the calculation results, during the transient
condition of both reactivity insertion accident and loss of flow accident
scenario, the reactor operation safety parameters do not exceed the
allowable safety limit.
Study of mathematical functions to fit detector efficiency curve in gamma ray energy range from 59.54 keV up to 1408.01 keV
Authors: Thabet Abouzeid , Salem Bohaysa , Badawi Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Recently, there have been several significant improvements in the area of the
radiation detection system and its instruments, especially those using
scintillation or semiconductor gamma ray detectors. Scientists and
technicians are interested in studying this progress, which can be useful
for the detector's operation and its basic properties, such as energy,
shape, and efficiency calibration. In this work, an extended study of
various mathematical formulas was conducted to obtain the efficiency
best-fitting function, that covers the measured values from low to high
energy regions. They can be used to represent the efficiency of a
high-purity germanium detector in the regions where accuracy and maximum
speed in optimizing the calibration process are very important for gamma
spectroscopy. Determination of the activity of environmental samples
mainly depends on the efficiency calibration curve of the detection
system. The gamma ray energy in the range from 59.54 up to 1408.01 keV used
in this work was obtained by using a set of standard radioactive gamma ray
sources of certified intensity. The current data analysis shows that most of
the mathematical formulas, which represent the fitting curve for the
detector full-energy peak efficiency, were quite agreeable with the experimental results.
Associations of Daily Steps and Step Intensity With Incident Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort Study of Older Women: The OPACH Study
Authors: Garduno Alexis C. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , LaMonte Michael J. , Dunstan David W. , Evenson Kelly R. , Wang Guangxing , Di Chongzhi , Schumacher Benjamin T. , Bellettiere John
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim was to assess associations between total steps per day and incident diabetes, whereas the secondary aim was to assess whether the intensity and/or cadence of steps is associated with incident diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Women without physician-diagnosed diabetes (n = 4,838; mean [SD] age 78.9 [6.7] years) were followed up to 6.9 years; 395 developed diabetes. Hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers worn for 1 week enabled measures of total, light-intensity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity (MV-intensity) steps per day. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis we modeled adjusted change in the hazard rate for incident diabetes associated with total, light-intensity, and MV-intensity steps per day. We further estimated the proportion of the steps-diabetes association mediated by BMI.

RESULTS

On average, participants took 3,729 (SD 2,114) steps/day, of which 1,875 (791) were light-intensity steps and 1,854 ± 1,762 were MV-intensity. More steps per day were associated with a lower hazard rate for incident diabetes. Confounder-adjusted models for a 2,000 steps/day increment yielded hazard ratio (HR) 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–1.00; P = 0.046). After further adjustment for BMI, HR was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80–1.02; P = 0.11). BMI did not significantly mediate the steps-diabetes association (proportion mediated = 17.7% [95% CI −55.0 to 142.0]; P = 0.09]). The relationship between MV-intensity steps per day (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74–1.00]; P = 0.04) and incident diabetes was stronger than for light-intensity steps per day (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.73–1.29]; P = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that for older adults, more steps per day are associated with lower incident diabetes and MV-intensity steps are most strongly associated with a lower hazard of diabetes. This evidence supports that regular stepping is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes prevention in older adults.
Hygienic assessment of the mode of using mobile electronic devices by medical students
Authors: Ievleva OV
Published: January 2022

The hygienic assessment of the mode of using mobile electronic devices (ED) was carried out to develop preventive activities aimed at education of medical students. A total of 518 medical students were surveyed. The survey was created in Google Forms. The obtained data were processed with Statistica 13 PL. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of biomedical ethics and did not expose the participants to any danger. Data on a habitual mode of using mobile electronic devices by medical students during their traditional educational process were obtained through the survey: half of them never did eye gymnastics, over 75.0% reported holding their mobile ED very close to the eyes, 75.0% of those surveyed used mobile ED in the lack of light. While assessing the mode of ED use by medical students, it was established that the visual organ sustained the largest burden. Preventive activities are necessary to avoid negative consequences and produce useful skills of using ED during education of future doctors at a university.
Weak stuffle algebras
Authors: MAMMEZ Cecile
Published: January 2022

Motivated by $q$-shuffle products determined by Singer from $q$-analogues of multiple zeta values, we build in this article a generalisation of the shuffle and stuffle products in terms of weak shuffle and stuffle products. Then, we characterise weak shuffle products and give as examples the case of an alphabet of cardinality two or three. We focus on a comparison between algebraic structures respected in the classical case and in the weak case. As in the classical case, each weak shuffle product can be equipped with a dendriform structure. However, they have another behaviour towards the quadri-algebra and the Hopf algebra structure. We give some relations satisfied by weak stuffle products.
Political ecology of security: tackling the illegal wildlife trade
Authors: Duffy Rosaleen V. , Brockington Dan
Published: January 2022

This article sets out a political ecology approach to thinking about security. It draws together conceptual debates from IR, green criminology and political ecology in order to develop new ways of thinking about and analyzing the political ecologies of security. To date political ecologists have focused on conflicts and struggles, but have not fully engaged with thinking about security. In this article we examine the ways that responses to the illegal wildlife trade have encouraged and supported greater integration between conservation and security. We use the example of the deployment of private military companies for anti poaching training and operations to tease out the key features of a political ecology approach to security; this focuses on excavating the relations between capital, nature and security, being attentive to the dynamics of race and gender, and taking an ethically engaged positionality to highlight the voices of marginalized communities. In so doing, the purpose of this article is to act as a starting point for developing a much clearer and stronger conceptual basis for political ecologists to engage with questions of security.
“Kartisampéka” Trigantalpati dalam Lakon Wayang Gandamana Tundhung Ki Hadi Sugito (“Kartisampéka” Trigantalpati in Gandamana Tundhung Shadow Puppet Play Performance by Ki Hadi Sugito)
Authors: Intarti Retno Dwi
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper aimed to examine kartisampéka Trigantalpati in the Gandamana Tundhung play performed by Ki Hadi Sugito. Kartisampéka is an act of deluding others subtly and not automatically visible to other people (sinamun sinamudana). Kartisampéka has a negative connotation because the actions carried out are aimed at harming others. The data analysis was carried out by using descriptive analytical method. This study succeeded in finding kartisampéka as a sub-theme of the Gandamana Tundhung play performed by Ki Hadi Sugito. The kartisampéka concept which attached to the Trigantalpati character was used to build the plot for the Gandamana Tundhung play performed by Ki Hadi Sugito. AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji kartisampéka Trigantalpati dalam lakon Gandamana Tundhung Ki Hadi Sugito. Kartisampéka ialah perbuatan memperdaya orang lain secara halus dan tidak serta merta dapat dilihat oleh orang lain (sinamun sinamudana). Kartisampéka mengandung konotasi negatif, karena perbuatan yang dilakukan bertujuan mencelakakan orang lain. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Kajian ini berhasil menemukan kartisampéka sebagai sub-tema dari lakon Gandamana Tundhung Ki Hadi Sugito. Konsep kartisampéka yang dilekatkan pada tokoh Trigantalpati digunakan untuk membangun plot lakon Gandamana Tundhung Ki Hadi Sugito.
Myocardial infarction and COVID‑19 in a “non‑COVID” hospital: epidemiology, annual analysis
Authors: Skorodumova E. G. , Kostenko V. A. , Skorodumova E. A. , Siverina A. V.
Published: January 2022

Purpose of the work: to assess the prevalence of myocardial infarction and COVID-19 in a «non-COVID» hospital.

Materials and methods: the first part of the work is monitoring data from June 2020 to May 2021, the second part is an analysis of monitoring from August 2017 to May 2021.

Research results. According to the data obtained, the peak of the combination of myocardial infarction with COVID-19 lagged behind the total pool of COVID-19 patients by a month, while there was a decrease in the overall incidence of unstable angina pectoris and an increase in the number of patients with myocardial infarction. Obviously, people were slow to seek medical attention. This led to an increase in the time from the onset of symptoms to hospital admission, a later initiation of treatment, and an increase in the incidence of thrombosis in COVID-19 survivors.

Conclusions. In patients, myocardial infarction predominated in the structure of acute coronary syndrome in patients, which is associated, on the one hand, with an increase in the time from the onset of symptoms to admission to the hospital and an increased risk of thrombosis in persons who have undergone COVID-19.
What kind of war against Russia are enemies of the Russian State preparing for?
Authors: GLADYSHEVSKII Vladimir L. , GORGOLA Evgenii V. , TSYRENDORZHIEV Sambu R.
Published: January 2022

Subject. This article discusses the role of intellectual capital in the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as aspects of the system of international relations and confrontation of military blocs.
Objectives. The article aims to assess the ratio of military potentials of the Russian Federation and NATO.
Methods. The study is based on advanced methods of military-political modeling, achievements of the modern Russian national defense science, and the scientific and methodological framework of military-economic analysis.
Conclusions. Despite the excessive military spending and the powerful nominal military potential of NATO and, first of all, the United States, the probability of victory over Russia in a large-scale war both with and without the use of nuclear weapons, is decreasing. In the medium- and long-term, the downward trend in the role of the United States in the global political arena will get reinforced. Taking into account the change in the basic doctrinal attitudes of NATO in the forms, methods and methods of conducting a hybrid war against Russia, it is necessary to scrupulously and objectively assess all the components of the country's military power, justify the real needs of all power elements of the military organization, and achieve unconditional implementation of strategic plans in the planned period.
A model for assessing the level of digital transformation of the region
Authors: LOGACHEVA Natal’ya A.
Published: January 2022

Subject. This article examines the factors and conditions affecting the processes of digital development of the economy of the regions of Russia.
Objectives. The article aims to develop a system of analytical indicators and methods for determining the regional digital development index based on the current state of the digital potential of the region.
Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis, the method of expert assessment, and general scientific methods.
Results. The article presents the author-developed definitions of the terms Regional Digital Development Index and Regional Digital Potential, as well as an algorithm for assessing the regional digital development index.
Relevance. The proposed method for determining the regional digital development index helps rank the subjects of the Russian Federation and determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of using the digital potential.
Jak się ma младенец do młodzieńca, czyli o polsko-rosyjskich aproksymatach
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, KOMOROWSKA EWA B.
Published: January 2022

The paper deals with the phenomenon of approximate, taking into consideration Polish and Russian. Approximate is understood as sound similarity of words which have different meanings. The research material consists of approximate nouns excerpted from two dictionaries: Rosyjsko-polski słownik paraleli leksykalnych [The Russian-Polish dictionary of lexical parallels] by W. Dubiczyński (in preparation) and Rosyjsko-polski słownik homonimów międzyjęzykowych [The Russian-Polish dictionary of interlingual homonyms] by K. Kusal. Approximate may be divided into two basic groups: complete approximate, which have identical graphic notation and sound almost identical, but differ in meaning, and incomplete approximate, which have different degrees of graphic similarity and sound similar, but differ in meaning. Complete approximate are, for example, УРÓК ‘lesson’ – UROK ‘spell, charm, grace’, and incomplete homonyms include, for example, ДИВÁН ‘sofa’ – DYWAN ‘carpet’. Approximate are subjected to lexical-semantic analysis. The method of profiling meanings is used as well. It is possible to distinguish the following types of homonyms: homonyms of antonymic meanings (e.g. ЗАПОМИНAНИЕ ‘memorizing’ – ZAPOMINANIE ‘forgetting’), homonyms with different scopes of meaning (e.g. НЕДÉЛЯ ‘week’, broader meaning – NIEDZIELA ‘Sunday’, one day of the week, narrower meaning) and homonyms having different connotations (e.g. ЛЕНЬ ‘lazy person’ – LEŃ ‘state of being lazy’).
Dialog języka i muzyki w utworach wokalno-instrumentalnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, WARCHOŁEK MIROSŁAW
Published: January 2022

The subject of the article is a dialogue between two semiotic systems: language and music in vocal-instrumental works. Dialogue in the described sphere takes place on several levels. It is a dialogue between the artist and the viewer, but also a dialogue between the poetic text and the musical score. Thanks to the use of appropriate composing techniques, specific tone, tempo, meter, instrumentation, harmony, the word receives a new meaning. Music can separate keywords in the text, move accents to specific verbal signs. Purely instrumental fragments build mood, affect emotions. The form of dialogue in the vocal-instrumental piece is the use of a concerting technique, where the sound of the instrument interacts with a human voice or defies it.
Semantyczno-gramatyczne spojrzenie na Katedrę Najświętszej Marii Panny w Strasburgu (na materiale powieści Dmitrija Głuchowskiego Будущее i jej polskiego przekładu)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, DARDA-GRAMATYKA JOANNA
Published: January 2022

The article describes an approach to translation viewed through the prism of functional-communicative grammar concept according to the Galina Zolotova school. The content includes an analysis regarding the most important categories of the theory, which enabled presenting a broad perspective of their realization in the novel Будущее by Dmitrij Głuchowski as well as in its Polish translation. Conducting the study allowed for noticing many nuances within semantic and grammar word constructions in the original and to demonstrate methods of translation applied in the target language. Moreover, these considerations led to the conclusion that the text is a highly complex structure and only a deeper analysis permits to detect connections between means used by the author for ‘painting a picture of the cathedral’, their semantics, morphology and the purpose of usage.
Ирония в переводе на русский язык романа Иоанны Хмелевской Все красное
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie, SEMENIUK NATALIA
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the phenomenon of the popularity of the ironic detective in Russia on the basis of the novel by Joanna Chmielewska All the red, as well as two translations into Russian of this novel by Maria Krongauz and Vera Selivanova. The article discusses the differences between the original text and translations, thanks to which the translators managed to convey the irony contained in the original text, while making the translated texts more understandable to the reader.
Olga Siedakowa o poezji „głuchych” lat siedemdziesiątych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, BANASIAK DANIEL
Published: January 2022

Olga Siedakowa is a representative of contemporary Russian metaphysical poetry. In addition to poems, she writes philosophical and philological essays in which she combines the traditions of the Moscow-Tartu school of anthropology and history of culture with the creative themes of Western philosophy. In the article, I analyze, using the intertextual method, Olga Siedakowa’s essayistic texts on Russian poetry of the 1970s.
Polsko-ukraińskie kontakty językowe w mowie ukraińskojęzycznych mieszkańców województwa lwowskiego
Authors:   Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, KOSTECKA-SADOWA ANNA
Published: January 2022

The aim of the paper is to present Polish-Ukrainian contacts in the south-eastern borderlands, language influences resulting from the direct neighbourhood of Poles and Ukrainians. In modern Ukrainian, you can find a number of polonisms, very often worded or changed word-forming. There are many more of them in the Ukrainian dialects, where the Polish population for centuries has been adjacent to the Ukrainian, especially on the borderland of the country. The observations I will present are the result of many years of research conducted in 2012–2017. The subject of the discussion are Polish linguistic influences on the Ukrainian dialect in terms of vocabulary. Dialectological research covered the local Ukrainian community of the village of Wolica (1040 people) and Trzcieniec (573 people) in the Mosciski region, where Ukrainians now constitute the majority, because almost 85% of the population. The remaining 15% is the Polish population, which at the beginning of the 21st century accounted for almost 30% of the inhabitants of these villages. The lexical borrowings are, first of all, words referring to everyday life, realities of everyday reality, and mainly they refer to the home, household, economic tools or names related to kitchen utensils, names of food. This is a situation that shows how strictly ethnography connects with dialectology; After all, folk objects reproduce the material culture, in their names they bring back the history, the mentality of the people who created them and use them.
Pancasila Educational Values in Indicators Religious Moderation in Indonesia
Authors: Azis Donny Khoirul , Saihu Made , Hsb Akmal Rizki Gunawan , Islamy Athoillah
Published: January 2022

The phenomenon of radicalism and terrorism in the name of religion in Indonesia is still showing its stretching in various existing cases. Responding to this problem requires the objectification of character education values for the Indonesian people in the context of forming a moderate mindset and attitude in their social and religious life. This research intends to identify the dimensions of Pancasila educational values in the four indicators of religious moderation formulated by the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. This qualitative research is in the form of a literature review with a normative-philosophical approach. The results of the study conclude that there are dimensions of Pancasila educational values contained in the four indicators of religious moderation in Indonesia. First, the educational value of the first precepts in the indicator of tolerance in the form of educational values in shaping the mindset and attitude of respecting and respecting various distinctive aspects of religious pluralism. Second, the educational value of the second precept in the indicator of anti-radicalism attitudes in the form of educational values in forming awareness of attitudes to uphold the values of the benefit of human life. Third, the educational value of the third precept in the indicator of national commitment in the form of awareness of the attitude of upholding the values of unity and unity in the frame of state life in Indonesia. Fourth, the educational value of the fourth and fifth precepts in adaptive indicators to local culture in the form of being democratic and making the value of social justice in responding to diversity related to local wisdom. The theoretical implication of the findings of this study shows that the construction of ideas in the formulation of the four indicators of religious moderation in Indonesia has a normative-universal value base that becomes the ideology of the Indonesian nation, not the ideology of a particular religion or group.
Peer Review for Academic Research
Authors: Kuo Chin-Lung
Published: January 2022

The peer review process is used to evaluate research papers and journal articles submitted for publication, providing a filter that helps to ensure the quality, credibility, and validity of published research. Reviews are generally conducted by peers who have a deep understanding of the knowledge domain and possess expertise in the methodologies and instruments involved in the research. Academics are honored to be invited to review a paper, and they undertake to fulfill their scientific obligations as well as to uphold the academic integrity of the organization. The primary goal of a peer reviewer is to determine whether a work falls within the scope of the journal. In addition, reviewers should ensure that the study has been conducted according to established methodologies. Reviewers also look at the ethical aspects of a study, evaluate the presentation and readability of the work, and apply tenets of logic to assess the integrity of its arguments and conclusions. According to statistics, the average reviewer works on approximately eight reports each year. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the effectiveness of the peer review process. This article summarizes aspects of peer review in an attempt to elucidate the state of academic publishing.
The Used of Certificate of Land Rights on Proving in Land Disputes
Authors: Agustina Enny
Published: January 2022

Based on Article 19 Paragraph (2) of Law No. 5 of 1960 and Article 32 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997, it is stated that in land registration, land certificates function as strong evidence. Whether a certificate can only prove property rights, and that evidence is in the judicial process so far. A literature study is conducted to obtain answers by exploring, discussing, and analyzing laws, research reports, and related expert views. The findings indicate that the National Land Agency issued the title certificate during the registration process. If there is a land without a certificate, it can be proven through witness testimony, prediction, confession and oath. A certificate with reliable and complete evidentiary power can only be accepted if there is no claim before the court. A claim against a certificate can be filed if there is a deficiency in its issuance.
Les mondes sociaux du journalisme. Introduction
Authors: Langonné Joël , Lewis Seth C. , Pereira Fábio Henrique , Trédan Olivier
Published: January 2022

Les mondes sociaux du journalisme. Introduction
Immune dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 virus evolution
Authors: Kamat Madhura , Kurlawala Vishakha , Ghosh Geetanjali , Vaishnav Radhika
Published: January 2022

In December 2019, the first case of COVID-19 surfaced in Wuhan, China. The relatively unknown SARS-CoV-2 virus led to the global 2020–2021 pandemic claiming thousands of lives. One of the major reasons for the prolonged duration of the pandemic consisting of multiple waves, due to sporadic surges in the number of cases, is the emerging variants. Such variants of the classic Wuhan strain hold multiple mutations that increase the viral fitness, improve transmissibility, aid in immune escape, and overall increase the virulence of the virus. Hence, studying and understanding the viral evolution and the interaction dynamics of the virus with the human immune system becomes vital. To that end, here, we review some of the immune aspects associated with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 with a focus on immune responses to variants of concern. The article breaks down the normal immune response elicited against the virus and its variants along with various interesting concepts of antibody-dependent enhancement, immune escape, immune suppression, and immunophenomics while also highlighting the next frontiers in dealing with the virus. The unprecedented research into understanding the immunological underpinnings of the COVID-19 global pandemic will pave the way for evidence-based strategies for the management of this and any future widespread infectious diseases.
Localized kinking during deployment of a flow redirection lumen device (FRED) could be due to excessive pushing
Authors: Beppu Mikiya , Kuramoto Yoji , Abe Soichiro , Namitome Satoshi , Yoshimura Shinichi
Published: January 2022

Background:

The safety and efficacy analysis of flow redirection lumen device (FRED) demonstrated the excellent safety profile of FREDs for aneurysm treatment. We describe the first case in which FRED deployment for a paraclinoid aneurysm resulted in in-stent stenosis, necessitating balloon angioplasty, and an additional stent.

Case Description:

A 50-year-old woman had a left paraclinoid aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 6.1 mm. We planned FRED deployment. We experienced in-stent stenosis just after the deployment of a FRED. Devices such as guidewires and catheters could not cross the lesion through the FRED because of an obstruction in the FRED. Balloon angioplasty and subsequent stenting resolved thrombosis and kinking. FRED has potential for kinking locally.

Conclusion:

Surgeons should consider this possibility when treating cerebral aneurysm using FRED. Cone-beam computed tomography after deployment of FRED may be useful for evaluating the stent shape.
The structure and location of 18-crown-6 ether in zeolites RHO and ZK-5
Authors: Nearchou Antony , Dejoie Catherine , Raithby Paul , Sartbaeva Asel
Published: January 2022

The use of organic additives presents the greatest versatility and control of zeolite synthesis in order to prepare novel architectures for desired applications. Despite this prospect, there is little clarity of how organic additives are involved in framework assembly and the range of behaviours that are available. To address this issue, we have considered zeolites RHO and ZK-5 which can both be prepared using 18-crown-6 ether as an additive. Previously, this additive has shown to employ different structure directing behaviours to assemble a variety of zeolites. We have used high resolution powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement to determine structural models for zeolites RHO and ZK-5 with 18-crown-6 ether occluded in the framework. In doing so, we can observe the identity, location and orientation of the occluded additive and reason the structure directing behaviour in synthesis. We report that the isolated 18-crown-6 ether molecule is involved in the assembly of zeolite RHO, and for zeolite ZK-5 it is the K+ coordinated macrocation. In both cases the relevant additive is disordered in the framework, suggesting that they behave as space-filling species that stabilise the formation of the α-cage.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION LEVELS IN GREEN CHILLI DUE TO UNTREATED WASTEWATER IRRIGATION IN CHAK JHUMRA, FAISALABAD
Authors: Akram Madeeha , Rashid Haroon , Nasir Abdul , Khursheed Kiran
Published: January 2022

To address the global issue of water scarcity, untreated wastewater irrigation has become a common practice in the developing countries to meet the emerging demand of irrigation water. It is a common practice in Pakistan as well to apply municipal wastewater for irrigation purposes, which is carrying high concentrations of heavy metals originating from industrial sources. The research was conducted in Chak Jhumra, Faisalabad, Pakistan to check the effect on health due to untreated wastewater. The purpose of this research work was to find out the concentrations of hazardous elements present in the wastewater and conduct health risk assessment of utilizing the contaminated vegetables, being grown on untreated effluent. The main parameters to be investigated for groundwater, wastewater, soil and vegetables were EC, TSS, SAR and Heavy metals like (Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Concentrations of the targeted heavy metals were determined in these media and health risk assessment was conducted. It was finally concluded that the soil properties were greatly influenced by the supply of this wastewater. Zinc was found above safe limit, Cu was found within safe limit, Ni and Pb were above critical limits in all sites. Groundwater was found suitable and its values were within safe limits. Health risk assessment has also exhibited significant impact of the concentrations of heavy metals in the vegetables being utilized by the common man.
CONTAMINATION ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AROUND WASTE DUMPSITES IN ABAKALIKI, NIGERIA; A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Ulakpa Eyankware Ruth Oghenerukevwe , Eyankware Moses Oghenenyoreme
Published: January 2022

Monitoring of water quality is needed from time to time to avoid outbreak of severe water borne disease. This article review previous literature on impact of waste dumpsites on water quality around Abakaliki and its environs, with emphasis on active and non-active dumpsite. Findings from reviewed article revealed that waste dumpsite sites close to water bodies or ways has altered water quality in Abakaliki urban, while groundwater is contaminated through leaching process. This groundwater contamination occurs mostly when waste dumpsite is sited close to borehole or hand-dug well. Based on reviewed literature it is advised that waste dumpsite should be sited distance away from residential buildings as the state government should also endeavor to continually monitor water quality for domestic use to avoid outbreak of various kind of water related disease.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF BENZOYL AND HALOBENZOYL THIOUREA BEARING α- AND β-ALANINE
Authors: Ibrahim Maizatul Akma , Husin Atiyah , Ngah Nurziana , Zakaria Nor Hafizah
Published: January 2022

Antibacterial activity of synthetically synthesized benzoyl thiourea and halobenzoyl thiourea bearing α-alanine and β-alanine compounds were investigated against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (Esherichia coli). The study of antibacterial activity of the compounds was conducted by using the disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results indicate that 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea α-alanine, benzoylthiourea α-alanine, 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, 4-chlorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, 4-bromobenzoylthiourea β-alanine, and benzoylthiourea β-alanine possess weak to strong antibacterial activity on all of tested bacteria. The strongest antibacterial activity was found in the 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea α-alanine, whereas the weakest antibacterial activity was exhibited in 4-fluorobenzoylthiourea β-alanine. S. aureus was found the most susceptible toward these thiourea derivatives, indicating bactericidal activity against the bacteria.
HUMUS: A MEANS OF ATTENUATING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOILS
Authors: G.O. Dayo-Olagbende, , O.O. Akingbola,
Published: January 2022

The ability of humus to suppress the radioactivity of particular radionuclides that could be hazardous to soil health is examined in this review. Industrial and agricultural processes discharge radionuclides into the soil. This, in turn, has an impact on a variety of soil processes, particularly biological activities. The radioactivity of these radionuclides can be suppressed using humus, which is obtained through the decomposition process.
ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY DETERIORATION IN NWORIE RIVER, OWERRI- IMO STATE, SOUTHEAST, NIGERIA
Authors: T. V Nwosu , C.J Nwaiwu , N.T Egboka
Published: January 2022

Due to indiscriminate activities of man through sand excavation, sand mining and illegal waste disposal within the watershed the study evaluated the effect of these activities on selected water quality parameters of Nworie River in Owerri -Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. The study area was divided into Upstream, Midstream and downstream. The river was sampled and the raw data from water sampling were subjected to laboratory analysis; results obtained were matched with standards. The results showed that the average pH of the river was 7.4; upstream and midstream had higher pH values than the downstream with low pH and these were within the permissible limit. Biological oxygen Demand (BOD) of the river were 75mg/l, 60mg/l and 56mg/l at the Upstream, Midstream and downstream with an average value of 64 mg/l . The river had a mean turbidity value of 76NTU and mean Total Dissolved solids (TDS) value of 272mg/l which were above the permissible limit. Calcium (Ca2+) did not exceed the standard limit while magnesium exceeded the standard limit by 68% at the Upstream. Nworie river had mean water conductivity value of 93S/cm; water conductivity at the Midstream and downstream were within the permissible limits while the Upstream had 6% increase above the acceptable limit. It was observed from this study that Nworie river exhibited three different colours of light-green, dark-green and brownish-muddy colour respectively at the Upstream, Midstream and Downstream which could be attributed to the level of erosional deposits and sediment loads from the degraded watershed. Further degradation of the watershed should be avoided by practising good soil conservation measures, ensuring that indiscriminate activities of inhabitants of the area are stopped and since environmental balance, land degradation, water management and food security are strongly linked, each must be addressed in the context of the other to have a measurable impact to the society.
Stimulating the Intrinsic Motivation of Art Major Students in Oral English Learning
Authors: Hu Yu
Published: January 2022

Intrinsic motivation plays a vital role in students’ desire in learning oral English. This paper introduces the current situation of oral English teaching and learning in colleges, followed by explaining the reasons why art major students lack motivation in oral English learning. It is suggested that intrinsic motivation promotes students to hold a high interest toward learning and the acquisition of knowledge as well as enables students to achieve autonomous learning. Finally, practical suggestions for stimulating the intrinsic motivation of art major students in oral English learning are proposed.
Preliminary Exploration of Integrating Ideological and Political Education Major with Middle School Politics Lessons
Authors: Zhai Dongbo
Published: January 2022

The ideological and political education major in colleges and universities mainly undertakes the task of cultivating teachers for middle school politics lessons. The teaching methods and curriculum need to adapt to the new curriculum reform requirements as well as the current teaching idea, teaching content, teaching means, and teaching mode, in order to realize the ideological and political education specialty and middle school politics lessons.
A Spatial Supply-Demand Imbalance Between Rural Primary and Secondary Schools in Shaanxi Province Based on Road Network Analysis
Authors: Qiang Ziwei , Jin Bei , Xu Shiyuan
Published: January 2022

It is of great significance to optimize the spatial matching of basic education facilities in rural areas and promote the equalization of urban and rural basic public services and the overall revitalization of rural areas. Based on the theory of spatial accessibility and spatial balance of supply and demand, this paper constructs the evaluation system of rural basic education facilities and layout rationality. In this study, we took 42 primary and secondary schools and 2089 rural areas with concentrated population in six township areas of Hancheng City as the research subjects. We used ArcGIS network analysis, population coupling model, and other methods, from the administrative scale and rural population concentration area scale for evaluation. The accessibility of basic education facilities and its coupling relationship with the spatial distribution of student population describe the spatial and geographical pattern of basic education facilities in rural areas. The results show that the accessibility of rural administrative scale and the spatial balance of supply and demand of population concentration area scale are associated with great problems, the differences between towns are obvious, and the overall level of the best performing towns is still low. On the scale of population concentration area, the overall coupling degree is too low, the “dislocation” distribution of educational facilities and student population is obvious, and the matching degree of the student population and school in different towns is significantly different, showing a more obvious “core-periphery” spatial structure characteristics centered on the eastern and southeast regions. The terrain characteristics of rural areas in Shaanxi province are prominent, and the accessibility of the road network is particularly significant. Therefore, optimizing the construction of rural roads and optimizing school layout according to local conditions will become an important solution to promote the balanced allocation of basic education resources in Shaanxi province.
PERANAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JAWA DALAM MELESTARIKAN BUDAYA JAWA
Authors: Nadhiroh Umi
Published: January 2022

Bahasa Jawa merupakan salah satu Kebudayaan dan identitas suatu bangsa di Indonesia. Di zaman yang serba canggih ini, budaya berbahasa Jawa mulai luntur terkikis oleh zaman. Penyebabnya bisa bermacam-macam, karena banyak generasi muda yang kurang memahami keaslian Bahasa Jawa itu sendiri. Selain itu, maraknya bahasa gaul dan bahasa asing yang bertebaran membuat Bahasa Jawa terkikis oleh keadaan. Pengenalan Bahasa Jawa sejak dini pada anak perlu dilakukan guna melestarikan budaya Jawa. Di dalam Bahasa Jawa terkandung nilai moral, nilai karakter yang berkaitan dengan sopan santun dan unggah ungguh dalam berkomunikasi dengan orang lain.  Penelitian ini adalah tentang pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa yang diminati oleh masyarakat khususnya anak muda. Hal itu dimulai dengan pengetahuan tentang budaya Jawa dalam masyarakat. Masyarakat harus memiliki peranan yang penting dalam melestarikan budaya mereka. Kemudian mereka akan terbiasa berbahasa Jawa dengan lancar dan benar. Sehingga, Bahasa Jawa bisa dikenal banyak orang serta budaya Jawa tetap dijaga dan dilestarikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran seutuhnya mengenai peranan pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa dalam pelestarian budaya Jawa dengan menggali informasi dari buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya untuk dilakukan kajian ulang lebih dalam lagi agar memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan, serta memberikan pengetahuan terutama kepada para generasi muda agar memahami pentingnya peran Bahasa Jawa dalam melestarikan budaya Jawa. Peneliti mencoba mengkaji fenomena ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan.
Sumudu Iterative Method for solving Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Aswhad Asmaa A. , Yassein Samaher M.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we apply a new technique combined by a Sumudu transform and iterative method called the Sumudu iterative method for resolving non-linear partial differential equations to compute analytic solutions. The aim of this paper is to construct the efficacious frequent relation to resolve these problems. The suggested technique is tested on four problems. So the results of this study are debated to show how useful this method is in terms of being a powerful, accurate and fast tool with a little effort compared to other iterative methods.
Bayesian Structural Time Series for Forecasting Oil Prices
Authors: AL-Moders Ali Hussein , Kadhim Tasnim H.
Published: January 2022

There are many methods of forecasting, and these methods take data only, analyze it, make a prediction by analyzing, neglect the prior information side and do not considering the fluctuations that occur overtime. The best way to forecast oil prices that takes the fluctuations that occur overtime and is updated by entering prior information is the Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) method. Oil prices fluctuations have an important role in economic so predictions of future oil prices that are crucial for many countries whose economies depend mainly on oil, such as Iraq. Oil prices directly affect the health of the economy. Thus, it is necessary to forecast future oil price with models adapted for emerging events. In this article, we study the Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) for forecasting oil prices. Results show that the price of oil will increase to 156.2$ by 2035.
Cascade-Forward Neural Network for Volterra Integral Equation Solution
Authors: Alrubaie Shymaa Akram Hantoush
Published: January 2022

The method of solving volterra integral equation by using numerical solution is a simple operation but to require many memory space to compute and save the operation. The importance of this equation appeares new direction to solve the equation by using new methods to avoid obstacles. One of these methods employ neural network for obtaining the solution.

This paper presents a proposed method by using cascade-forward neural network to simulate volterra integral equations solutions. This method depends on training cascade-forward neural network by inputs which represent the mean of volterra integral equations solutions, the target of cascade-forward neural network is to get the desired output of this network. Cascade-forward neural network is trained multi times to obtain the desired output, the training of cascade-forward neural network model terminal when there is no enhancement in result. The model combines all training cascade-forward neural network to obtain the best result. This method proved its successful in training and testing cascade-forward neural network for obtaining the desired output of numerical solution of volterra integral equation for multi intervals. Cascade-forward neural network model measured by calculating MSE to compute the degree of error at each training time.