bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposições de Anatoli Lunatcharski para a educação soviética: a defesa pela ciência e pela arte
Authors: Felicio Paula Gonçalves , Chaves Marta , Alves da Silva Moreira Jani
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo apresentamos as proposições de Anatoli Vassilievitch Lunatcharski (1875-1933) para a Educação Soviética, em defesa da Ciência e da Arte, assim como suas contribuições para a Educação na atualidade. Lunatcharski participou significativamente da luta pela construção de uma consciência revolucionária, pela edificação de uma nova sociedade e a formação do novo homem comunista. Nesta elaboração, amparadas na Ciência da História, priorizamos o estudo da obra “Artigos e Discursos sobre a Instrução e a Educação” (LUNATCHARSKI, 1988). O referido intelectual propagou as bases do novo sistema de Educação e elaborou os princípios para a edificação da escola comunista.
Sociabilidade do capital e proletariado: análise do caráter de classe da cultura corporal
Authors: Sousa Sobrinho José Pereira , Vieira Soares Cunha Niágara
Published: January 2023

A existência dos diversos acervos das práticas corporais é determinada pela divisão da sociedade em distintas classes e pela luta que essas travam entre si ao longo da história da humanidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é revelar como as relações de classe determinam no interior da sociabilidade capitalista os modos de produção e apropriação da cultura corporal para o conjunto da classe trabalhadora - uma vez que no interior das relações de classes emergem determinações sociais que acabam resultando em barreiras preponderantes para a negação ao direito ao lazer e ao tempo livre para o conjunto dos trabalhadores assalariados, assim como, para as mulheres trabalhadoras. Nesse sentido, o presente texto intenta revelar que a cultura corporal comporta em seu interior um caráter de classe, uma vez que a existência desse fenômeno é indissociável das relações de classe presentes em cada período histórico particular no qual suas práticas são desenvolvidas.
Epistemologia da Educação Física e a agenda pós-moderna: uma descrição histórica para situar o debate
Authors: Scapin Gislei José , Da Silva Souza Maristela
Published: January 2023

O corrente texto tematiza a discussão sobre a epistemologia da Educação Física, localizando a inserção e a crítica da matriz pós-moderna na referida área. Objetiva apresentar, a partir de um estudo descritivo de revisão da literatura, o quadro contemporâneo da epistemologia da Educação Física brasileira em suas diferentes formas de organização e sistematização, destacando suas flutuações e seus diferentes momentos. Encaminha, por fim, algumas considerações acerca das implicações do ideário pós-moderno no plano da formação humana, destacando o fenômeno da decadência ideológica do pensamento científico da Educação Física e as formas de fundamentar o objeto de ensino/conhecimento da área.
Educação, Inovação Disruptiva e os novos desafios à formação profissional da classe trabalhadora frente à ação predatória do capital financeiro
Authors: Negreiros Taise Cristina Gomes Clementino
Published: January 2023

Este artigo propõe discorrer sobre o conceito de inovação disruptiva e como este tem reverberado nas políticas educacionais em um contexto marcado pelo acirramento da política econômica neoliberal.  Ele parte de revisão bibliográfica e documental orientada pelo método crítico-dialético para analisar os principais elementos teóricos necessários à apreensão do objeto proposto. Compreendemos que a defesa por inovações disruptivas está relacionada com a necessidade do capital em expandir seus nichos lucrativos e reconfigurar, política e ideologicamente, o processo de formação profissional e humana da classe trabalhadora através de processos de formação aligeirada, restrita às experiências técnicas e desenvolvimento de habilidades subjetivas.
Docência universitária como práxis criadora: o valor heurístico de categorias do materialismo histórico-dialético
Authors: Costa Araújo Lucélia , Cosme de Carvalho Maria Vilani
Published: January 2023

O artigo objetiva evidenciar o valor heurístico de categorias do Materialismo Histórico-Dialético para estudo das mediações que constituem possibilidade real da docência universitária ser práxis criadora. Está fundamentado em leis e categorias do referido método e apresenta parte dos resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida em nível de doutoramento com uma professora da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os resultados apontam a relevância das categorias do método para compreender as contradições que determinam a prática educativa na universidade e, assim, a possibilidade real de ser práxis criadora.
MOBILIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA PSICOSSOCIAL NA SUPERAÇÃO DA VITIMIZAÇÃO FEMININA CATALISADA PELA CODEPENDÊNCIA QUÍMICA
Authors: BINDE KATIUSCYA AYECHA HEISE FERREIRA , Russo Diogo de Assis , Bretanha Noeli Kühl Svoboda
Published: January 2023

Este artigo analisa e correlaciona referências interdisciplinares sobre diferenciação emocional, resiliência e codependência química e de que modo as adversidades no desenvolvimento psicossocial interagem com o tema da vitimização, incluindo as vulnerabilidades relacionadas com a adolescência, violência de gênero e idosos. Foi possível identificar que os familiares em situação de codependência precisam ser alcançados e motivados por política pública mobilizadora de atenção psicossocial na superação das disfuncionalidades e/ou adversidades catalisadas pelo uso nocivo de drogas, promovendo sua emancipação e dignidade humana. Concluiu-se que, independente do acesso do codependente, se pela rede de proteção ou programa judicial, cabe ao Ministério Público fomentar a mobilização da rede de atenção com a integração de novos equipamentos e recursos holísticos, mediante a implantação da transversal Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC), visando atualizar a política pública com os elementos de resiliência psicossocial na superação da fragmentação do cuidado e da invisibilidade da política pública relacionada com a codependência.
DA INVISIBILIDADE À EXPOSIÇÃO INDEVIDA: AS AGRURAS QUE SEGUEM PERMEANDO A VIDA DAS PESSOAS TRANS NO BRASIL
Authors: Cunha Leandro Reinaldo da
Published: January 2023

Editorial.
HISTÓRIA INDÍGENA NA BAHIA
Authors: Santana Brito Caroline , Lyrio Santos Fabricio
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo apresenta-se como resultado de um projeto de catalogação e análise da produção historiográfica recente sobre História Indígena na Bahia. Os objetivos perseguidos durante a pesquisa foram identificar e analisar dissertações e teses sobre História Indígena desenvolvidas na Bahia e sobre povos indígenas da Bahia no período de 2008 a 2018. Este recorte temporal foi escolhido a partir do ano de elaboração do projeto, motivado pela passagem da primeira década de vigência da Lei 11.645/2008, que estabeleceu como obrigatório o ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Indígena na educação básica. Embora a ampliação e a renovação dos estudos referentes à temática indígena não possam ser creditadas exclusivamente à vigência da lei, constata-se que a mesma contribuiu para a formação e a consolidação de um campo histórico que vem se expandindo desde então, em particular no cenário baiano. Para além das questões educacionais e acadêmicas envolvidas, entende-se que o reconhecimento e a valorização da participação e do protagonismo indígena na História do Brasil são demandas de expressiva relevância na sociedade atual, provocando uma maior articulação entre o exercício da pesquisa, a prática da cidadania e o respeito à diversidade.
ALGUMAS MARCAS DE PROVENIÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA NA LIVRARIA DOS VISCONDES DE BALSEMÃO
Authors: Costa Júlio
Published: January 2023

A primígena ‘Livraria’ dos Viscondes de Balsemão integra atualmente os fundos patrimoniais da Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Portugal. Referem‐se as vicissitudes que afetaram esta notável biblioteca aristocrática privada, bem como os seus principais obreiros. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é, contudo, evidenciar e analisar diversas tipologias de marcas de proveniência em alguns dos impressos da biblioteca Balsemão, referindo-se ainda itinerários de circulação de livros e conexões com antigos possuidores.
PROVENANCE RESEARCH AND THE CONSORTIUM OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH LIBRARIES
Authors: Dondi Cristina , Lefferts Marian , Van Delft Marieke
Published: January 2023

The Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL) is a membership organization which started in 1994 after the initiative of research libraries in many European countries. It is formed primarily by Library and Information professionals, which work to provide relevant data and offer meaning and context from their distributed collections. The focus of CERL is on manuscripts and printed books produced before the middle of the 19th century; it is committed on curating data sustainably, creating connections where possible and providing convenient access to data. Among its main resources are The Heritage of the Printed Book Database, the CERL Thesaurus, the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue, Material Evidence in Incunabula, the CERL Provenance Digital Archive, and much more. CERL creates digital resources of its own and offers a structured framework within which member institutions can deliver digital services, which they may not be able to deliver or sustain themselves. All these digital databases provide methods which can help the provenance research flourish, by bringing together collections, institutions, and other trivial information concerning early printed books and documents. Throughout this shared experience and collaboration, CERL can establish how collections reflect an illustration on how European history is inextricably interconnected intellectually, commercially, and politically.
MARCAS DE PROCEDENCIA
Authors: Auqui Gerardo Manuel Trillo , Chuchón Martha Elena Salvatierra
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo busca dar un panorama general sobre las marcas de procedencia y en específico el Ex libris en el Perú; esto es, poner en evidencia que esta práctica cultural se dio en los diferentes periodos históricos coloniales y republicanos. Este aspecto desarrollado afronta a su vez, una gran dificultad metodológica para su investigación, la cual se consigna como la razón por la cual no se ha desarrollado el estudio del exlibrismo en un país con una antigua cultura del impreso en el continente.
O LIVRO COMO OBJETO
Authors: Loureiro Maria Lucia de Niemeyer Matheus
Published: January 2023

Refletir sobre os livros como objetos implica em reconhecer que, de alguma forma, são comparáveis a todo e qualquer objeto criado para cumprir as mais diferentes funções, que podem ser produzidos em série e comercializados, ou seja, tratados como mercadoria. O presente artigo visa analisar o conceito de livro do ponto de vista da documentação a luz do ponto de vista de teóricos de variadas áreas do conhecimento humano, a saber: Documentação, Ciência da Informação, Arqueologia e Museologia etc. Foi feita uma revisão de literatura acerca do livro como documento, reunindo documentalistas, historiadores e profissionais da informação. Conclui-se que Marcas de proveniência singularizam o livro, ao vinculá-lo a um proprietário particular ou a uma biblioteca. Desde que examinados como objetos, a abordagem museológica pode ser aplicada também aos livros, assinalando não apenas aspectos genéricos como o momento de sua criação/autoria, fabricação/publicação mas, sobretudo, informações sobre a trajetória individual de um exemplar a partir de informações disponíveis sobre sua aquisição - marco da sua passagem de mercadoria a objeto singular.
“O Latim em ex-libris”
Authors: Moniz Fábio Frohwein de Salles
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo, objetivamos abordar os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que nortearam a elaboração da oficina “O Latim em ex-libris”, ministrada em 22 de outubro de 2020, durante o ciclo de palestras “As Marcas de Proveniência e a Cultura Material”. Concebemos essa oficina com base na metodologia de ensino de língua instrumental e destinamo-na a sensibilizar os participantes quanto à presença, em ex-libris, de abreviaturas e de alusões literárias a obras latinas. Ao longo da exposição, salientamos alguns cuidados e protocolos a serem considerados pelos profissionais que lidam com ex-libris que se encontrem em latim e que contenham abreviaturas e alusões literárias. Neste trabalho, recuperaremos um pouco dessa discussão feita em nossa oficina.
O MANUSCRITO NO IMPRESSO
Authors: Lose Alicia Duhá , Souza Arivaldo Sacramento de
Published: January 2023

O artigo apresenta uma abordagem inovadora ao demonstrar que manuscritos também são passíveis de servir como objeto de estudo a depreensão de marcas de proveniência. Procedeu-se a bibliografia material de dois manuscritos pertencentes ao Acervo do Mosteiro de São Bento da Bahia: a) Um exemplar seiscentista da obra Fusce iudicia Duns Scotus, de autoria do Frei Nicolau de Orbellis, apresenta ex libris manuscrito do frei Benedicti de Jesu; b) A obra Don Severini Boethii viri illvstris de consolatione philosophiae libri quinque, luculentissimis Iohannis Murmelii, de Rodolphi Agricolae, foi ao prelo em Colônia, na oficina de Eucharii Ceruicorni. A publicação traz a data de 1535, e o exemplar apresenta, pelo menos, seis potenciais indicações de posse lançadas na parte interna da capa, na página de rosto e na guarda posterior. Contatou-se em ambos manuscritos analisados a presença de marginálias e ex-libris, no entanto o segundo manuscrito apresentou o diferencial de conter carimbo de propriedade. Conclui-se que a interface entre Paleografia e Biblioteconomia, por serem disciplinas que investigam a escrita, o texto e o livro mostraram-se necessárias à compreensão da história de um exemplar e de uma obra analisada. É possível contar parte da história de como uma obra circulou em diversas épocas e de como um exemplar foi lido por diversas mãos, por meio de que estratégias de grifo, de registro de posse, de gestos materiais de apropriação que tornam complexa a história da leitura e da escrita no contexto observado.
Study: Short Spurts of Vigorous Physical Activity During Daily Life Are Associated With Lower Mortality
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: January 2023

This Medical News article discusses a recent study that investigated the benefits of brief bursts of intense physical activity during daily life.
Associations Between Procrastination and Subsequent Health Outcomes Among University Students in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Fred , Rozental Alexander , Edlund Klara , Côté Pierre , Sundberg Tobias , Onell Clara , Rudman Ann , Skillgate Eva
Published: January 2023

Importance

Procrastination is prevalent among university students and is hypothesized to lead to adverse health outcomes. Previous cross-sectional research suggests that procrastination is associated with mental and physical health outcomes, but longitudinal evidence is currently scarce.

Objective

To evaluate the association between procrastination and subsequent health outcomes among university students in Sweden.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was based on the Sustainable University Life study, conducted between August 19, 2019, and December 15, 2021, in which university students recruited from 8 universities in the greater Stockholm area and Örebro were followed up at 5 time points over 1 year. The present study used data on 3525 students from 3 time points to assess whether procrastination was associated with worse health outcomes 9 months later.

Exposure

Self-reported procrastination, measured using 5 items from the Swedish version of the Pure Procrastination Scale rated on a Likert scale from 1 (“very rarely or does not represent me”) to 5 (“very often or always represents me”) and summed to give a total procrastination score ranging from 5 to 25.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Sixteen self-reported health outcomes were assessed at the 9-month follow-up. These included mental health problems (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress), disabling pain (neck and/or upper back, lower back, upper extremities, and lower extremities), unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (poor sleep quality, physical inactivity, tobacco use, cannabis use, alcohol use, and breakfast skipping), psychosocial health factors (loneliness and economic difficulties), and general health.

Results

The study included 3525 participants (2229 women [63%]; mean [SD] age, 24.8 [6.2] years), with a follow-up rate of 73% (n = 2587) 9 months later. The mean (SD) procrastination score at baseline was 12.9 (5.4). An increase of 1 SD in procrastination was associated with higher mean symptom levels of depression (β, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.09-0.17), anxiety (β, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04-0.12), and stress (β, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08-0.15), and having disabling pain in the upper extremities (risk ratio [RR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.42), poor sleep quality (RR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.05-1.14), physical inactivity (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11), loneliness (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), and economic difficulties (RR, 1.15, 95% CI, 1.02-1.30) at the 9-month follow-up, after controlling for a large set of potential confounders.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of Swedish university students suggests that procrastination is associated with subsequent mental health problems, disabling pain, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, and worse psychosocial health factors. Considering that procrastination is prevalent among university students, these findings may be of importance to enhance the understanding of students’ health.
A state‐space model to estimate spawning rates in a Ruditapes philippinarum population
Authors: Hanyu Kazuhiro
Published: January 2023

The Ruditapes philippinarum catch in Japan has drastically declined and its recovery is a major challenge. The spawning rates and egg output need to be estimated to discuss stock management strategies. However, it is difficult to observe these directly in a field survey. This study proposes a state‐space model to estimate spawning rates in an R. philippinarum population using the number of individuals at each developmental stage based on traditional histological observations of the gonads. An example of its application to monthly observed data of an R. philippinarum population on the western Japanese coast is also presented. The spawning seasons were quantitatively detected in spring and fall, and the durations were estimated to be 2.8 months in spring and 3.0–3.5 months in fall, based on the spawning rates. The mean condition factor was lower in fall than in spring, but females with a high condition factor were also found in fall. The egg output of these individuals during the fall may be large. The spawning frequency per individual was estimated to be 6.5 times per year based on the model, indicating that R. philippinarum is an r‐strategy species capable of multiple spawning. Questioning how the spawning rates vary with individual size/age and environmental conditions is essential for estimating egg output in R. philippinarum populations. The state‐space model in this study can contribute to the quantification of spawning rates. The results will contribute to estimating the egg output and stock management strategies.
The effectiveness of a scientific reasoning intervention for conspiracy theory beliefs
Authors: Georgiou Neophytos , Delfabbro Paul , Balzan Ryan
Published: January 2023

Conspiracy theory (CT) beliefs have become an important policy‐relevant research area since the events of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Increasing interest has been directed towards strategies that might reduce people's susceptibility to conspiratorial beliefs. In this study, we examined whether encouraging a stronger orientation towards critical scientific appraisal of conspiratorial accounts could reduce CT acceptance. After completing baseline measures of COVID‐19 related beliefs and analytical and scientific reasoning abilities, a total of 700 adults were randomly allocated to a control or scientific reasoning manipulation. People assigned to the scientific reasoning condition were found to display significantly lower CT belief endorsement post‐intervention as compared to the control group. As well as having implications for the design of future intervention studies, the results of this study encourage a greater focus on specific reasoning skills that may be amenable to a psychoeducation approach, in order to further develop methods to prevent CT beliefs.
Commonly Overlooked Factors in Biocompatibility Studies of Neural Implants
Authors: Kumosa Lucas S.
Published: January 2023

Biocompatibility of cutting‐edge neural implants, surgical tools and techniques, and therapeutic technologies is a challenging concept that can be easily misjudged. For example, neural interfaces are routinely gauged on how effectively they determine active neurons near their recording sites. Tissue integration and toxicity of neural interfaces are frequently assessed histologically in animal models to determine tissue morphological and cellular changes in response to surgical implantation and chronic presence. A disconnect between histological and efficacious biocompatibility exists, however, as neuronal numbers frequently observed near electrodes do not match recorded neuronal spiking activity. The downstream effects of the myriad surgical and experimental factors involved in such studies are rarely examined when deciding whether a technology or surgical process is biocompatible. Such surgical factors as anesthesia, temperature excursions, bleed incidence, mechanical forces generated, and metabolic conditions are known to have strong systemic and thus local cellular and extracellular consequences. Many tissue markers are extremely sensitive to the physiological state of cells and tissues, thus significantly impacting histological accuracy. This review aims to shed light on commonly overlooked factors that can have a strong impact on the assessment of neural biocompatibility and to address the mismatch between results stemming from functional and histological methods.
Nonthermal Ultrafast Optical Control of Magnetization Dynamics by Linearly Polarized Light in Metallic Ferromagnet
Authors: Shi Jingyu , Zhao Zirui , Dai Yu , He Jiang , Li Tao , Liang En , Wang Jun , Ni Gang , Sheng Chuanxiang , Wu Di , Zhou Shiming , Chen Liangyao , Zhao Haibin
Published: January 2023

Coherent optical control of the magnetization in ferromagnetic (FM) mediums using ultrafast nonthermal effect paves a promising avenue to improve the speed and repetition rate of the magnetization manipulation. Whereas previously, only heat‐induced or helicity‐dependent magnetization dynamics are demonstrated in metallic ferromagnets. Here, the linearly‐polarized light control of magnetization is demonstrated in FM Co coupled with ferroelectric (FE) BiFeO3 by tuning the light polarization direction. It is revealed that in the Co/BiFeO3 heterostructure excited by femtosecond laser pulses, the magnetization precession amplitude follows a sinusoidal dependence on the laser polarization direction. This nonthermal control of coherent magnetization rotation is attributed to the optical rectification effect in the BiFeO3 layer, which yields a FE polarization depending on the light polarization, and the subsequent modulation of magnetic energy in Co by the electrostriction‐induced strain. This work demonstrates an effective route to nonthermally manipulate the ultrafast magnetization dynamics in metallic ferromagnets.
Stereodivergent Construction of 1,3‐Chiral Centers via Tandem Asymmetric Conjugate Addition and Allylic Substitution Reaction
Authors: Xie Jia‐Hao , Hou Yi‐Ming , Feng Zuolijun , You Shu‐Li
Published: January 2023

Herein, we report a synthesis of cyclohexanones bearing multi‐continuous stereocenters by combining copper‐catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to cyclic enones with iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reaction. Good to excellent yields, diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity can be obtained. Unlike the stereodivergent construction of adjacent stereocenters (1,2‐position) reported in the literature, the current reaction can achieve the stereodivergent construction of nonadjacent stereocenters (1,3‐position) by a proper combination of two chiral catalysts with different enantiomers.
Facilitated Photocatalytic CO2Reduction in Aerobic Environment on a Copper‐Porphyrin Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Xie Shijie , Deng Chaoyuan , Huang Qing , Zhang Chuang , Chen Chuncheng , Zhao Jincai , Sheng Hua
Published: January 2023

Herein, we fabricated a π–π stacking hybrid photocatalyst by combining two two‐dimensional (2D) materials: g‐C3N4and a Cu‐porphyrin metal–organic framework (MOF). After an aerobic photocatalytic pretreatment, this hybrid catalyst exhibited an unprecedented ability to photocatalytically reduce CO2to CO and CH4under the typical level (20 %) of O2in the air. Intriguingly, the presence of O2did not suppress CO2reduction; instead, a fivefold increase compared with that in the absence of O2was observed. Structural analysis indicated that during aerobic pretreatment, the Cu node in the 2D‐MOF moiety was hydroxylated by the hydroxyl generated from the reduction of O2. Then the formed hydroxylated Cu node maintained its structure during aerobic CO2reduction, whereas it underwent structural alteration and was reductively devitalized in the absence of O2. Theoretical calculations further demonstrated that CO2reduction, instead of O2reduction, occurred preferentially on the hydroxylated Cu node.
Regulating Spin States in Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhirong , Ma Peiyu , Luo Lei , Ding Xilan , Zhou Shiming , Zeng Jie
Published: January 2023

Developing efficient and stable transition metal oxides catalysts for energy conversion processes such as oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is one of the key measures to solve the problem of energy shortage. The spin state of transition metal oxides is strongly correlated with their catalytic activities. In an octahedral structure of transition metal oxides, the spin state of active centers could be regulated by adjusting the splitting energy and the electron pairing energy. Regulating spin state of active centers could directly modulate thedorbitals occupancy, which influence the strength of metal‐ligand bonds and the adsorption behavior of the intermediates. In this review, we clarified the significance of regulating spin state of the active centers. Subsequently, we discussed several characterization technologies for spin state and some recent strategies to regulate the spin state of the active centers. Finally, we put forward some views on the future research direction of this vital field.
Insight into the structure and mechanical performance of high content lignin reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol) gel‐spun fibers via the regulation of esterified hydrophilic lignin composition for better sustainability
Authors: Sun Xiaorui , Lin Jiaxian , Cheng Yu , Duan Lianjie , Sun Xiaoxia , Li Xian , Lu Chunhong
Published: January 2023

Lignin is an effective low‐cost renewable reinforcement material for composite fibers at low concentration. In general, reinforcing synthetic polymeric fibers with high content lignin are preferred due to the fibers' enhanced sustainability. However, aggregation and disruption of fiber crystallinity often occurred at high lignin content, which often deteriorated fiber performance. Esterified hydrophilic lignin (modified lignin, ML) obtained from the esterification of organosolv lignin (OL) and D‐gluconic acid has good interaction with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix in gel‐spun fibers at low content. To investigate the effect of this ML on the structure and performance of high content lignin/PVA composite fibers at 30%, gel‐spun PVA fibers were prepared with different ratios of OL/ML (1/0, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2 and 0/1) in this work. The optimal mechanical performance was observed in 30% lignin mixture (OL/ML = 1/1) reinforced PVA fiber with a tensile strength of 1.1 GPa, modulus of 28 GPa, and toughness of 22 J g−1, which were 50%, 60%, and 28% higher than that of 30% OL/PVA (OL/ML = 1/0) fiber, respectively. The excellent mechanical properties are mainly attributed to increased fiber crystallinity, molecular anisotropy, and interfacial bonding of the composite fibers.
Evaluating two steps in transcription using a fluorescence‐based electrophoretic mobility shift assay
Authors: Singh Anoushka , Miller Ryan C. , Archuleta Stephen R. , Kugel Jennifer F.
Published: January 2023

Transcription is the critical first step in expressing a gene, during which an RNA polymerase (RNAP) synthesizes an RNA copy of one strand of the DNA that encodes a gene. Here we describe a laboratory experiment that uses a single assay to probe two important steps in transcription: (1) RNAP binding to DNA, and (2) the transcriptional activity of the polymerase. Students probe both these steps in a single experiment using a fluorescence‐based electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and commercially available Escherichia coli RNAP. As an inquiry‐driven component, students add the transcriptional inhibitor rifampicin to reactions and draw conclusions about its mechanism of inhibition by determining whether it blocks polymerase binding to DNA or transcriptional activity. Depending on the curriculum and learning goals of individual courses, this experimental module could be easily expanded to include additional experimentation that mimics a research environment more closely. After completing the experiment students understand basic principles of transcription, mechanisms of inhibition, and the use of EMSAs to probe protein/DNA interactions.
The midline interlaminar ligament of the spine: An anatomical study
Authors: Millhuff Alexandra , Haddad Hannah , Draper M. Scott , Motzko Micaela , Glueck Edwin , Holland Brandalynn , Wright Barth
Published: January 2023

Introduction

During routine cadaveric dissection, Simonds et al. in 2019 found a previously undocumented ligament, which they termed the midline interlaminar ligament (MIL), in 24 out of 36 (76.5%) lumbar spinal levels. The MIL is an unpaired ligament located between and distinctly separate from the right and left ligamenta flava (LF). The purpose of this study was to identify the presence or absence of the MIL in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal regions and obtain detailed measurements of the ligaments' toughness (R) and elastic modulus (E).

Materials and Methods

Intact preserved cadaveric vertebrae from C2 to the upper sacral region were dissected. Presence or absence of the MIL was documented, and length and width of each MIL were measured in situ. The R and E of the LFs from corresponding spinal segments were found for comparison.

Results

At least one MIL was observed in 90.3% (28) of specimens. Eighty‐eight MIL's were observed out of 186 cervical intervertebral levels (0.5%), 371 thoracic intervertebral levels (5.9%), and 101 lumbar intervertebral levels (63.4%). The mean width and length of the MIL were 1.21 ± 0.36 and 16.37 ± 2.17 mm, respectively. The mean R of the MIL and the LF were 1390.27 and 2068.04 J m−2, respectively. The mean E of the MILs and LFs was 46.78 ± 16.65 and 51.15 ± 21.68 MPa, respectively.

Conclusions

Based on our findings, the MIL was present in the majority of vertebrae in our cadaveric population with a predominance for the lumbar region.
The subscapularis muscle: A meta‐analysis of its variations, prevalence, and anatomy
Authors: Mann Mitchell R. , Plutecki Dawid , Janda Patryk , Pękala Jakub , Malinowski Konrad , Walocha Jerzy , Ghosh Sanjib Kumar , Balawender Krzysztof , Pękala Przemysław
Published: January 2023

Background

The subscapularis (SSC) is the largest rotator cuff muscle and is involved in the medial rotation, abduction, adduction, and anterior stabilization of the shoulder. It is anatomically variable, as is the morphology and prevalence of the accessory SSC (aSSC), a rare muscle slip attached to the SSC. There is no current review investigating the prevalence and morphometrics of the SSC and aSSC.

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of the morphological variants of the SSC and aSSC via meta‐analysis and review the relevant literature involving cadaveric, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonographic studies.

Study Design

Meta‐analysis.

Materials and Methods

Literature data reporting the prevalence rates and morphometrics of the SSC and aSSC and their variants were pooled. Literature searches and data analyses were performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses and Anatomical Quality Assurance guidelines.

Results

Forty‐six studies, totaling 2166 shoulders, were assessed. The SSC showed an overall length, thickness, cross‐sectional area, and volume of 152.2 mm (95% confidence interval, CI, 103.8–200.5 mm), 5.6 mm (95% CI, 4.6–6.6 mm), 18.1 cm2 (95% CI, 14.2–22.0 cm2), and 126.9 cm3 (95% CI, 87.2–166.5 cm3), respectively. The SSC displayed substantial variations in its origin and insertion points and in the composition of its tendon. The aSSC had an overall pooled prevalence of 24.6% (95% CI, 0.0%–76.9%).

Conclusions

The SSC and aSSC have been implicated in multiple shoulder pathologies, including muscle and tendon ruptures and neurovascular compromise. A better understanding of SSC and aSSC variants when diagnosing and treating their related pathologies will reduce patient morbidity and improve treatment regimens.
The value created by the removal of cut lines: Evaluating the impact of finishing of industrial designs on purchase intention
Authors: Kato Takumi , Botella‐Carrubi Dolores , Ribeiro‐Navarrete Samuel
Published: January 2023

Color, material, and finish (CMF) are essential to the competitiveness of industrial products. However, in the existing research on CMF from the consumer behavior perspective, there is an insufficient focus on finish, compared with that on color and material. Research on finish is limited to technical methods, and there is a lack of discussion about its impact on consumer purchasing behavior. This study examines the effect of cars' exterior design finish on purchase intention in Japan. The research question is, “does changing the quality of the finish by removing cut lines have a positive effect on purchase intention?” Two sets of images were used: normal images of car exteriors and images of car exteriors improved by removing cut lines. An online survey was conducted to explore the impact of a car's finish on consumers' purchase intentions in the Japanese market. The randomized controlled trial results showed that finish had a significant positive effect on purchase intention. This study analyzes the interaction of finish with consumer characteristics. A multiple regression model with interactions revealed that, among consumers who emphasize design, a higher finish quality prompted a greater positive influence on purchase intention. In design research, styling tends to attract significant attention. However, practitioners should not neglect efforts to improve finishing when manufacturing products. Companies that consider it impossible to convey to consumers the quality of products with delicate finishing need to change their mindset. These suggestions apply not only to the automotive industry but also to other durable consumer goods industries.
Bioactive Usual and Unusual Triterpenoids Derived from Natural Sources Used in Traditional Medicine
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K.
Published: January 2023

Triterpenoids are accessible in several terrestrial plants as well as marine organisms, including sponges, algae, fungi, and sea cucumbers are examples of marine creatures. So far, more than 20,000 natural triterpenoids have exhibited several varied bioactivities, including anticancer, antimalarial, anti‐HIV, inhibit HIF‐1 activation, antibacterial, chemopreventive, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antiviral, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, insecticidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic. Several plants are used in folklore medicine to treat numerous ailments, and the preparation or uses of traditional practices have been scientifically validated. Although various structural diversity has been observed in the triterpenoids, this review presents the sources and uses of those triterpenoids that showed significant biological activities which could be accessible and promoted to familiar people in the form of traditional medicine or for industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.
Effectiveness of stellate ganglion block for the treatment of patulous eustachian tube: A case report
Authors: Akiyama Junko , Imai Mina , Yamaguchi Keisuke
Published: January 2023

A 56‐year‐old woman presented with a 2 months history of patulous eustachian tube. She had sudden weight loss after developing a cold, after which she had been experiencing disabling autophony and a sensation of blockage in the ear. She underwent stellate ganglion block in 8 months; her symptoms resolved subsequently.
Juvenile polyposis syndrome: A case report
Authors: Mogere Edwin , Mwaura Elijah , Waithaka Mark , Mutua Victor , Mugao Maurice , von Csefalvay Chris , Mukamati Dennis
Published: January 2023

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps. Patients with JPS are at increased risk for developing colorectal and gastric cancer. JPS was diagnosed by endoscopy and histology, and the patient underwent surgery, total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch–anal anastomosis.
Trust but verify: A case report of unintended medication omission
Authors: Bryant Andrew D. , Pitman Stuart K. , Lessing Juan N.
Published: January 2023

An accurate medication history prevents medication errors during transitions of care, whereas an inaccurate medication history may lead to unnecessary tests or prolonged hospitalization. We describe the case of a patient with chronic hypothyroidism who presented to the hospital with severe hypothyroidism and reported strict adherence to her home levothyroxine.
Ruthenium(II)‐Dithiocarbazates as Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and Mitochondria‐Targeted Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Sahu Gurunath , Patra Sushree Aradhana , Lima Sudhir , Das Sanchita , Görls Helmar , Plass Winfried , Dinda Rupam
Published: January 2023

The reaction of the Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 with HL1−3−OH (−OH stands for the oxime hydroxyl group; HL1−OH=diacetylmonoxime‐S‐benzyldithiocarbazonate; HL2−OH=diacetylmonoxime‐S‐(4‐methyl)benzyldithiocarbazonate; and HL3−OH=diacetylmonoxime‐S‐(4‐chloro)benzyl‐dithiocarbazonate) gives three new ruthenium complexes [RuII(L1−3−H)(PPh3)2Cl] (1–3) (−H stands for imine hydrogen) coordinated with dithiocarbazate imine as the final products. All ruthenium(II) complexes (1–3) have been characterized by elemental (CHNS) analyses, IR, UV‐vis, NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P) spectroscopy, HR‐ESI‐MS spectrometry and also, the structure of 1–2 was further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The solution/aqueous stability, hydrophobicity, DNA interactions, and cell viability studies of 1–3 against HeLa, HT‐29, and NIH‐3T3 cell lines were performed. Cell viability results suggested 3 being the most cytotoxic of the series with IC50 6.9±0.2 μM against HeLa cells. Further, an apoptotic mechanism of cell death was confirmed by cell cycle analysis and Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining techniques. In this regard, the live cell confocal microscopy results revealed that compounds primarily target the mitochondria against HeLa, and HT‐29 cell lines. Moreover, these ruthenium complexes elevate the ROS level by inducing mitochondria targeting apoptotic cell death.
Biomimetic Tweezers for N‐Glycans: Selective Recognition of the Core GlcNAc2 Disaccharide of the Sialylglycopeptide SGP
Authors: Milanesi Francesco , Unione Luca , Ardá Ana , Nativi Cristina , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Roelens Stefano , Francesconi Oscar
Published: January 2023

In recent years, glycomics have shown how pervasive the role of carbohydrates in biological systems is and how chemical tools are essential to investigate glycan function and modulate carbohydrate‐mediated processes. Biomimetic receptors for carbohydrates can carry out this task but, although significant affinities and selectivities toward simple saccharides have been achieved, targeting complex glycoconjugates remains a goal yet unattained. In this work we report the unprecedented recognition of a complex biantennary sialylglycopeptide (SGP) by a tweezers‐shaped biomimetic receptor, which selectively binds to the core GlcNAc2 disaccharide of the N‐glycan with an affinity of 170 μM. Because of the simple structure and the remarkable binding ability, this biomimetic receptor can represent a versatile tool for glycoscience, opening the way to useful applications.
Recent advances in material chemistry for zinc enabled redox flow batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing‐Yuan , Yin Guang‐Yuan , Liu Yi‐Feng , Tang Rui‐Ren , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Zeng Xian‐Xiang
Published: January 2023

The pursuit of green and sustainable energy is a long‐term goal for modern society and people's life. Particularly under the context of carbon neutralization, decarbonization has become a consensus and propels the turning of research enthusiasm to explore new materials and chemistries for energy conversion and storage at a low expenditure. Zinc (Zn) enabled redox flow batteries (RFBs) are competitive candidates to fulfill the requirements of large‐scale energy storage at the power generation side and customer end. Considering the explosive growth, this review summarizes recent advances in material chemistry for zinc‐based RFBs, covering the cathodic redox pairs of metal ions, chalcogens, halogens, and organic molecules. After a brief introduction of common issues for Zn2+/Zn conversion reaction at the anode side, the focus is devoted to expounding challenges of redox species and possible problem‐solving strategies at the cathode side. Besides, the auxiliary components of separator and current collector are also discussed for achieving optimal RFBs' performance. At last, the conclusion and outlook of future endeavor for Zn‐based RFBs implementation are put forward.
MOF‐Derived Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Co/CoO@NC‐CNTs Hybrid Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Xinjie , Gan Xingyu , Wang Yun , Lv Xiaoxia , Wang Fengxiang , Wang Shuxin , Peng Shan
Published: January 2023

Low‐cost and high‐efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts are the basis for large‐scale applications of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, cobalt and oxygen vacancy‐rich cobalt oxide encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon and carbon nanotubes (Co/CoO@NC‐CNTs) have been prepared by direct solid‐state pyrolysis of Co‐MOF. The carbon morphology, oxygen vacancy content and type of nitrogen can be finely tuned by mixing Co‐MOF with proper amounts of melamine. The optimized material has an interwoven CNT structure with abundant micro‐ and mesopores, suitable nitrogen type and certain number of oxygen vacancies and exhibiting outstanding ORR electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media with an onset potential of 0.96 V and a half‐wave potential of 0.88 V vs RHE, which is higher than 20 wt% Pt/C, as well as being highly stable and well resistant to methanol.
A secure communication using multifactor authentication and key agreement techniques in internet of medical things for COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Chunka Chukhu , Banerjee Subhasish , Gupta Sachin Kumar
Published: January 2023

Currently, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) gained popularity because of an ongoing pandemic. A few developed countries plan to deploy the IoMT for improving the security and safety of frontline workers to decrease the mortality rates of COVID‐19 patients. However, IoMT devices share the information through an open network which leads to increased vulnerability to various attacks. Hence, electronic health management systems remain many security challenges, like recording sensitive patient data, secure communication, transferring patient information to other doctors, providing the data for future medical diagnosis, collecting data from WBAN, etc. In addition, the sensor devices attached to the human body are resource‐limited and have minimal power capacity. Hence, to protect the medical privacy of patients, confidentiality and reliability of the system, the register sensor, doctor and server need to authenticate each other. Therefore, rather than two factors, in this work, a multifactor authentication protocol has been proposed to provide more secure communication. The presented scheme uses biometric and fuzzy extractors for more security purposes. Furthermore, the scheme is proved using informal and formal security verification BAN logic, ProVerif and AVISPA tools. The ProVerif simulation result of the suggested scheme shows that the proposed protocol achieves session key secrecy and mutual authentication
Copper‐Based Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhao Yunxia , Han Jiayi , Bu Yunfei
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into high energy density multi‐carbon chemicals or fuels (e. g., ethylene) via new renewable energy storage has extraordinary implications for carbon neutrality. Copper (Cu)‐based catalysts have been recognized as the most promising catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to ethylene (C2H4) due to their moderate CO adsorption energy and moderate hydrogen precipitation potential. However, the poor selectivity, low current density and high overpotential of the CO2RR into C2H4 greatly limit its industrial applications. Meanwhile, the complex reaction mechanism is still unclear, which leads to blindness in the design of catalysts. Herein, we systematically summarized the latest research, proposed possible conversion mechanisms and categorized the general strategies to adjust of the structure and composition for CO2RR, such as tip effect, defect engineering, crystal plane catalysis, synergistic effect, nanoconfinement effect and so on. Eventually, we provided a prospect of the future challenges for further development and progress in CO2RR. Previous reviews have summarized catalyst designs for the reduction of CO2 to multi‐carbon products, while lacking in targeting C2H4 alone, an important industrial feedstock. This Review mainly aims to provide a comprehensive understanding for the design strategies and challenges of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4 through recent researches and further propose some guidelines for the future design of copper‐based catalysts for electroreduction of CO2 to C2H4.