bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pyrethroids and Miticides on Spider Mite, Southwestern Corn Borer and Predator Populations, 1982
Authors: Buschman L.L.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted in a late-planted, flood-irrigated corn field in northern Grant Co, KS. Ten treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each plot was 3 m wide (4 rows) and 15.2 m long surrounded by a 3-m wide border of untreated corn. The chemical treatments were made twice, on Jul 30 (corn at 16-leaf stage) and Aug 10 (corn at tassel stage). These treatments coincided with the oviposition period of the Southwestern Corn Borer (SWCB) according to the predictions of the KSU model for SWCB development. Treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer with 20 gal of water/acre at 30 psi of CO2pressure. Spider mites and spider mite predators were sampled Jul 29, Aug 5 and Aug 24. Counts were made by searching the leaves on 1 side of 2 plants in each of the 2 center rows to give 4 half-plant samples per plot. The plants were selected at random on the first sampling date and flagged so that the same plant could be counted on each sampling date. While visually searching the plants, records were made of adult female spider mites, active stages of the predator mite and Oriusnymphs. Representative samples of spider mites were mounted for microscopic examination and all were determined to be the Banks grass mite. Five consecutive corn stalks were split in each plot and the number of stalks with live SWCB larvae were recorded. Corn yields were determined by hand harvesting corn from 20 row-ft of each of the 2 center rows in each plot. Yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Control of First Brood European Corn Borer in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

‘Funks 4252’ field corn was planted May 28 to 36-in rows at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 50 row-ft, separated by border rows, arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. The center 10 plants in each plot were infested Jul 10 with European corn borer egg masses in the ‘blackhead’ stage of development at the rate of 1 egg mass/plant. Applications of insecticide were made Jul 15. Sprays were applied using a CO2compressed air sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 25 psi, directed into the whorl. Granular materials were dispensed as a 7-nn band over the plants. Evaluations of all infested plants were made Aug 4 using a 9 point leaf damage rating scale.
Field Corn, Timing Applications, Stalk Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Foster David E. , Stockdale Harold J.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design in a commercial no-till field at Farley, Dubuque County, IA. Plots were 8 rows by 20 m. Treatments were applied using a CO2propelled back-pack equipped with TeeJet 11004 tips. Materials were applied at 20 psi pressure and 15 gal/acre. Applications of Lorsban 4E (1 lb ai/acre) were made 3, 7, 11 and 20 days following the application of Roundup (1.5 lb acid equivalent/acre) to control a heavy infestation of wirestem muhly, Muhlenbergia frondosa(Toir) Fern. Corn was planted Jun 3, 7 days following herbicide application and was in the spike stage on the date of the final Lorsban application. Other Lorsban applications were made preemergence. Plots were evaluated Jun 22 and Jul 1. Infestations were recorded as the total number of infested plants per 17.4 ft in the center of each of the 2 middle rows of each plot. Stand counts were taken as part of each evaluation.
Control of First Brood European Corn Borer in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Graustein Mark , Whitehead Joanne
Published: March 2022

Corn was planted on Apr 20 at the University of Delaware’s Substation, Georgetown, DE. Plots of 10 x 17.5 ft were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Furadan 10G was applied as an at planting and a whorl treatment. Insecticides were applied on Jun 15 when significant whorl infestations (>50%) were observed. Granular insecticides were directed into the whorl of the plant with a hand shaker can. Liquid treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO pressurized sprayer using 1 cone nozzle per row delivering 30.1 gal/acre at 40 psi. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of whorl infested plants/2 rows on Jun 22 and the number of plants with stalk entrances/2 rows on Jul 12. Corn was harvested from the middle 2 rows of the plots and yield data were obtained on Oct 4.
Field Corn, Wireworm Larvae Control, 1980
Authors: Hein G.L. , Tollefson J.J.
Published: March 2022

The experimental design for these tests was a randomized complete block with 4 replications with single-row treatments, 100-ft long. Plots were planted at Corydon, IA (May 22, 38-in row spacing) and at Delmar IA (May 23, 38-in row spacing) in fields where damage had been severe enough to require replanting. Granular soil insecticides were applied in the furrow or as a 7-in band with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on the planter. These materials were applied in front of the press wheel and incorporated using drag chains. Treatments were evaluated approximately 3 wk after planting by digging 2 l-m trenches 10 cm deep in each treatment row and examining the seeds or seedlings for wireworm damage. Percent damaged seeds and/or seedlings were used to compare treatments
Field Corn, Common Stalk Borer and Hop Vine Borer Control, 1981
Authors: Levine Illinois Eli
Published: March 2022

Two foliar insecticides, Sevin XLR and Lorsban 4E, were evaluated to control common stalk borers (SB) and hop vine boers (HVB) in fence rows before larvae could move into fields of conventional or reduced till corn. A seed treatment, Orthene 80SP, and a planting time treatment, Furadan 10G, were also evaluated to protect seedlings from damage once larvae had entered the field. Sevin XLR and Lorsban 4E were applied on Jun 2 at both Forreston (Ogle Co) and Mt Morris (Ogle Co) to fence rows when corn seedlings were beginning to sustain damage. Corn was in the 3-leaf (Forreston) and 1 leaf (Mt Morris) stage at this time. Both foliar treatments were applied with a CO2back-pack sprayer equipped with a 4-nozzle boom for broadcast application (Lorsban: 8002 flat fan nozzles, 3.7 ft/sec, 20 psi, 20 gal of water/acre; Sevin XLR: 8001 flat fan nozzles, 5.8 ft/sec, 20 psi, 7.5 gal of water/acre). The foliar application experiments consisted of a strip 5.5 ft wide (from field margin into fence row) x 600 ft long. This strip was divided into four 150 ft-long plots. The 2 foliar insecticides were then randomly assigned to 2 of three 50 ft-long subplots. The remaining subplot was left untreated as a control. Corn seedlings in the 2nd row in from the field margin were assessed for damage 8 days after treatment.
Apple, Late Season Insecticide Evaluations for Leafroller Complex, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J.
Published: March 2022

Experimental pesticides were applied in a comparative test to 7-year-old semi-dwarf York trees on Aug 16 and Sept 7. Treatments were replicated 4 times in single tree plots in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a handgun operating at 400 psi. Fifty fruit from each of 4 replicates per treatment were examined for injury by second generation leafroller feeding.
Early Season Control of Southern Corn Rootworm in Field Corn with Granular Soil Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M.
Published: March 2022

Six granular soil insecticides registered for control of larvae of the southern corn rootworm were evaluated at 2 rates in Louisiana. ‘Pioneer 3369-A’ field corn was used in the test. The corn was planted Jun 7 at the LSU St Gabriel Agricultural Experiment Station, Iberville parish. Insecticides were applied using a 2-row ,)ohn Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter, modified to carry pt jars of insecticide. The jars were inverted above funnels connected by flexible delivery tubes to either a 7-in band or in-furrow applicator to obtain the desired placedment of insecticide. The diameter of a single central hole in the lid of each jar determined the rate of insecticide flow. Banded insecticides were applied ahead of the press wheel and were further incorporated by a drag chain attached to the rear of the planter. Corn seeds were planted in a conventional manner at the same time as insecticide application. A completely randomized block design was used with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of two 50-ft rows spaced 36 in apart. Twenty-ft alleys separated each replication. Treatments were evaluated by counting dead and dying and undamaged plants in 50 ft of row. Evaluation was done on May 10, 33 days post planting. The soil type at the test site is a clay-loam, Mississippi River alluvial soil with moderate to poor drainage.
Corn (Field) Cutworm Control in Field Corn, 1980
Authors: Roberts James R.
Published: March 2022

Two tests were conducted in Bedford Co, VA, in Apr, May, and Jun 1980 with Pounce 3.2EC and Orthene treated (Pioneer 3541) seed to measure the control of cutworms in field corn. In Test A Pioneer 3147 field corn was planted on Jun 11. Plots were 4 rows x 50 ft (36 in spacing) and replicated 4 times. Subplots consisting of 10 plants in each plot were encircled with plastic lawn edging. On Jun 21, 10 cutworms were released into these 10 plant subplots. On Jun 22, Pounce 3.2EC was applied at 0.05 and 0.1 lb ai/acre using the equivalent of 40 gal of water per acre. A Solo backpack sprayer was used at 25 psi. At subsequent dates the number of live plants were counted. In Test B Orthene treated seeds and untreated seeds were planted in plots measuring 6 rows x 36 ft (36 in spacing). Three alternating rows were planted on Apr 25, and the other 3 rows were planted on May 13. The plots were replicated 4 times for treated and untreated seeds. Subplots consisting of 10 plants in each row were encircled with plastic lawn edging. Four worms were released to each row of the earlier corn on May 14 and 12 worms were released on May 25 into each row of late corn. At subsequent dates the number of live plants were counted.
Black Cutworm Control in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. , Magura Karl
Published: March 2022

An evaluation was conducted for the insecticidal control of black cutworm larvae in field corn (Northrup King PX79) on the VPI&SU Agronomy Farm, Montgomery Co, VA. The soil type in the test area was composed of Lodi loam, porous substrate plus Landisburg and Greendale silts. The plots were on land that had been in sod for several years. A tank-mix of Paraquat, Atrazine, and Dual was applied prior to planting. The treatments consisted of a seed treatment, granular (7 in band), broadcast, and postemergence. The treated seed was planted the same day as the untreated corn seed. Each insecticide was replicated 4 times in completely randomized plots measuring 12 ft x 50 ft (38 in rows). All granular insecticides were applied with a Gandy applicator on May 18. The postemergence foliar applications were sprayed on May 28 with a Solo backpack sprayer at 30 psi using 20 gal of water per acre.
White Grub Control in Field Corn, 1981
Authors: Roberts James E. , Despins Joseph L. , Magura Karl
Published: March 2022

‘Northrup King PX79’ field corn was sod-planted on May 15, on the VPISSU Agronomy Farm, Montgomery Co, VA. The land had been in sod for several years. At the time of planting the water content of the soil was 26.25% and the pH was 6.3. A tank-mix of Paraquat, Atrazine, and Dual was applied prior to planting. Three rates of BAS 263 11 I (3.6, 2.4, 1.2 oz ai/1000 ft) were applied on May 18 with a Gandy granular applicator using a 7-in band at the height of 5 in. Treatments were replicated 4 times on completely randomized plots measuring 12 ft x 5(1 ft (each plot was 4 rows wide - 36 in rows). White grub populations were estimated before planting by taking 4-in core samples over the entire treat area. The grub population averaged 12 grubs per 4-in core. Control was evaluated on Jul 23. Ten cores (4 in), consisting of 1 corn root system and the associated soil, were taken from each plot (40 cores per treatment) to determine the average number of white grubs per core.
Control of True Armyworm on Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael
Published: March 2022

Pounce 3.2EC and Ammo 2.5EC were applied as rescue treatments to no-till seedling field corn Jun 15 in Montgomery Co, VA. The corn was planted May 29. Weed control in the test area was adequate although most of the rye cover crop had not fallen completely by planting time and remained standing for several weeks afterward. The plots were arranged in a completely randomized block design, measuring 4 rows (36 in spacing) x 50 ft x 4 replicates. The treatments were applied with a Solo backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre. Pretreatment data were recorded Jun 15. Twenty plants (2 leaf stage) were selected at random and individually identified from the center rows in each plot. Damage levels were calculated as the mean percentage of total plants per treatment showing evidence of true armyworm feeding. Post treatment data were recorded Jun 18, 21, and 24 from the identical plants in each plot and pooled. All means were subjected to analysis of variance (P =0.05). Ca 1.8 in of rain fell within 10 days of treatment.
Cotton Aphid Control, Chillicothe, TX, 1981
Authors: Price J. Rex , Slosser J.E. , Puterka G.J.
Published: March 2022

Dryland-grown cotton was planted on Jun 25 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Chillicothe, TX. Six treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 6 rows wide by 24.4 m long and 102 cm between rows with 7.6-meter alleys separating replications. Spray applications were made with a 3-point hitch power takeoff sprayer mounted on a tractor traveling 4.12 kmph and delivering 86.0 liters total solution per hectare at 345 kPa. One application of each insecticide was made Aug 13. Aphids were counted on 15 terminal leaves and on 10 mid-height plant leaves. Leaves were picked about every 1 m of row. A sample was taken on Aug 13 just prior to treatment and post treatment samples were taken on Aug 17, 20 and 28 (3.5, 7, and 15 days post-treatment, respectively). Rainfall on Aug 16, 17 and 27 was 2.03, 1.27 and 2.80 mm, respectively. In each plot cotton from 4 row m was hand picked for yield on Nov 25. On each sampling date, 50 sweep samples were taken for beneficial insects.
Control of Ants on Golf Course Fairway, 1982
Authors: Sloderbeck Phillip E. , Green Gerald L.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were tested for efficacy against ants at a golf course near Garden City, KS. Treatments were applied on May 28 by hand shaking a premeasured amount of insecticide from a paper sack. Plots were 3 m x 3 m and separated from neighboring plots by 3 m. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Plots were evaluated based on the average number of active ant mounds observed in searching the surface of 3 randomly selected 0.1 m2 samples.
Control of Rednecked Peanutworm in Oklahoma, 1982
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Berberet Richard , Sander Douglas
Published: March 2022

Peanuts were planted on Jun 11 with 0.9-m row spacing in light, sandy soil. Insecticides were applied on Aug 27 and Sep 3 using 2 flat spray nozzles over each row and a total volume of 30 gpa. Treatments were replicated 3 times of 4 row x 100 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. Because the first insecticide application was made during the extreme heat and dryness of midday, a second application was made. On each sampling date after treatment 50 plant terminals were collected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot and examined for S. bosqueella larvae. Percentages of infested terminals were computed and terminal counts made over the experimental area were used in converting population estimates to larvae/m of row.
Sorghum Midge Control, 1982
Authors: Riley Thomas J. , Skias Jeffery M.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated for control of the sorghum midge at the LSU, St. Gabriel Experiment Station, Iberville Parish, LA. ‘Northrup King 180’ grain sorghum was planted in a conventional manner on Jun 4.
Soil-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Dobrin G. Chris , Hammond Ronald B.
Published: March 2022

Plots were established at 3 branches of the 0ARDC; 30 plots at Hoytville and S. Charleston and 26 plots at Wooster, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block; 3 blocks each with 10 treatments at Hoytville and S. Charleston, 2 blocks each with 13 treatments at Wooster. Treatments were applied at planting or as a seed treatment prior to planting. Planting dates were: Hoytville - May 5, S. Charleston - May 4, Wooster - May 12. A 2-row John Deere planter with Gandy applicators was used. Plants were sampled with a 15-in diameter sweep net (20 sweeps/plot). Samples were examined in the laboratory for potato leafhoppers (PLH) and bean leaf beetle (BLB) adults. Soybeans were examined on all sampling dates for evidence of phytotoxicity. Plants were hand harvested ca Oct 7.
Apple, Dilute Test of Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L. , Beers Elizabeth H.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Treated single-trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a hydraulic sprayer, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8.0 gallons of spray were applied/tree. Dates of application were: May 25, Jun 8 and 22, Jul 6 and 21, Aug 4 and 18, Sept 1. Treatments of Pounce, Ammo, Payoff and Ambush received only Guthion 50WP, 114 g/100 gals on May 25, Jul 6 and 21, and Sept 1. General sprays involving Cypres, Polyram, captan, sulfur, zineb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 GPA to the whole experimental block. Average temperatures were: May 66°F, Jun 67°F, Jul 78 F, Aug 74 F, and Sept 63 F. Rainfall in inches totaled: May 2.45, Jun 6.65, Jul 3.00, Aug 1.80, and Sept 2.65. Effectiveness on apple aphid was evaluated by counting aphid in fested leaves/10 top terminals, and aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of sprays on white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting nymphs/25 leaves/tree. Effectiveness of test chemicals on the European red mite and twospotted spider mite was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/tree, 80 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3 min counts of adults and larvae and adults and nymphs, respectively, around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jul 1, and 2-pick samples on Aug 17 and Sept 13. Apple samples averaged 188 fruits/replicate and 752/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. No russet (1), light russet (2), moderate russet (3), and severe russet (4). Possible means are: no russet to light russet 30-60, light to moderate russet 60-90, and moderate to severe russet 90-120.
Evaluation of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Soybeans, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen , Embrey Michael , Bean Richard A.
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted May 21 with a conventional 4-row planter (John Deere Model 71) equipped with Gandy granular insecticide applicators. Except for the Furadan treatments which were applied in the furrow, all other treatments were applied in a 14-in band over the seed furrow, behind the press wheel. Two drag chains were attached behind the press wheel of each planter. Plots consisted of 8 rows (4 rows of treated soybeans buffered on either side by 1 row of untreated soybeans and 1 row of untreated Bush Blue Lake snap bean), 100 ft long with 30 in between rows, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The center 4 rows served as the record rows. Soil was classified as a ‘Bertie’ silt loam and the soil temp at the time of planting was 82 F at the 6-in depth. Natural populations of Mexican bean beetle and Japanese beetle were monitored throughout the season. At mid-bloom 12 plants were selected at random following an ‘x’ pattern in each plot. Each plant was rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from 2-rows, 10 ft long, in the center of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture and reported in bu/acre.
Soybean Looper Control on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Mason L.J. , Mack T.P.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted at the Auburn Univ. Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, AL. Eight treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soybeans were planted Jun 2 in a cahaba sandy loam soil - pH = 5.9, 1.5% organic matter. Each 0.012 acre plot was 4 rows wide (40 in row spacing) and 37 ft long. Treatments were applied Aug 24 with a CO2-pressurized garden sprayer equipped with D-2 nozzles (3/row) operating at 25 psi and delivering 18 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the foliage on both sides of the sheet. Larvae were identified, sized, counted, and recorded. Three samples from each plot were taken prespray (Aug 24), and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 15 days post spray.
Control of Threecornered Alfalfa Hoppers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Rohlfs W.M. , Mack T.P. , Walker L.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, AL. Five chemical treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the .01-acre plots was 4 rows wide (36-in row spacing) and 37 ft long. Plots were treated at planting on May 31. Treatments were in-furrow and banded applications of soil insecticides. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Numbers of immature threecornered alfalfa hopper (TCAH) were counted and recorded. Two samples were taken from each plot on Jun 16, when the first trifoliate leaves appeared. Weekly sampling continued until Sep 16.
Efficacy of Guthion and Pydrin Applied from Aircraft for Sugarcane Borer (SCB) Control, Large-Plot Field Trail, 1981
Authors: Hensly S.D. , Finger C.K.
Published: March 2022

A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 5 times at the Lanaux Brothers Farm, Killona, LA. Individual plots ranged from 2.2 to 2.3 acres of sugarcane (cultivar CP 61-37) 1st stubble crop. All insecticide concentrates were applied at 30 psi in water to sugarcane foliage on 48-ft aircraft swaths at a 2-gal rate of finished formula-tion/acre. Insecticide applications were initiated when sugarcane internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks harbored small (1st to 3rd) stage larvae in leafsheaths; they were repeated only when this level of infestation was encountered again in Guthion 2L-treated plots. Al insecticide applications were discontinued in early fall when SCB infestations no longer posed a threat to the sugarcane crop. Three applications of each insecticide formulation were made with 3-4 wk inter-vals between applications; application dates were Jun 26, Jul 16 and Aug 13. Full season efficacy of insecticide treatments was determined Oct 6-8 (1 mo prior to crop harvest) by examining 50 stalks randomly selected from each plot for the presence of SCB-bored internodes.
Residual Barn Treatment Using Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides for the Control of House Flies, 1982
Authors: Smith J.P. , Hall R.D. , Fischer F.J.
Published: March 2022

Cypermethrin 3 lb/gal emulsible concentrate (EC), fenvalerate 10% water dispersible liquid (WDL) and permethrin formulated as 25% wettable powder (WP) or 1% aerosol were surface applied to the interior of 5 livestock barns on the University of Missouri South and Formost Farms as well as to 1 beef barn located 12 miles north of Columbia. Two separate trials were conducted using untreated barns as controls. Treatments were applied at 0.1%, J).5%, 1.25% and-5 mg active ingredient (AI) per 30.5 cm (1 ft2), respectively. The sprays were applied at a rate of il.09 1/m2 (1 gal/450 ft2) using a power sprayer delivering 1034 kPa (150 lb/in2), while the aerosol was applied at 255 g/152 m2 (9 oz/500 sq ft). Fly populations were monitored pre- and post treatment at regular intervals via a 0.25 m2 Scudder fly grill. Five 1-min grill counts were taken at each observation in all locations.
Ear Tags and Spray for Control of Face Flies and Horn Flies on Beef Cattle in Iowa, 1981
Authors: Ouisenberry Sharron , Strohbehn Daryl
Published: March 2022

Six, separately pastured, mixed breed cattle herds ranging from 24 to 150 cows were treated in Marshall Co, IA, with the following insecticides: Atroban permethrin 10% AI ear tag (2 tags/cow; 1 tag/every other cow), Ectrin fenvalerate 8% AI ear tag (2 tags/cow and 1 tag/calf; 1 tag/every third cow) and Ravap stirofos and dichloros 1.25% AI spray from 28.7%EC. Ravap was applied daily to cows via a walk-through sprayer. A herd of 135 cows and 117 calves served as an untreated control. All herds except the Ectrin (1 tag/every third cow) and Atroban (1/every other cow) groups were cow-calf herds. Fly counts were taken on 15 randomly selected cattle from each herd between 9:00 am and 1:00 pm on the same day each wk. Horn flies were counted only on 1 side of the animal and face flies were counted on the entire face.
Ear Devices for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle in Iowa, 1982
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron , Foster David , Strohbehn Daryl
Published: March 2022

Atroban permethrin 10% AI ear tag (2 tags/cow), Ectiban permethrin 0.9 g AI adhesive tape (2 tapes/cow) and Permectostrip permethrin 10% AI ear strip (2 strips/cow) were evaluated for control of horn flies and face flies on separately pastured, mixed breed cow-calf herds. Control cow-calf herds also were separately pastured. Atroban tags were applied on Jun 14, Ectiban tapes on May 24 and Permectostrips on May 21. Horn flies were counted on 1 side and face flies on the entire face of 15 randomly selected cows each wk between 9:00 am and 1:00 pm. Percent reduction from control was determined by dividing the difference between the treated and untreated counts by the untreated count and multiplying by 100%.
Control of the Face Fly and Horn Fly on Beef Cattle, 1982
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael
Published: March 2022

Several insecticides and application methods were evaluated Jun through Sep on 5 separate herds of beef cattle, located in Montgomery Co, Blacksburg, VA. Herd no 1 consisted of ca 20 mixed breed heifers and cows with calves, treated with a burlap backrubber and a mineral feeder type burlap facerubber, charged with 1 pt Ravap EC and 3.5 gal diesel fuel. Herd no 2 consisted of ca 25 mixed breed heifers and cows with calves, treated with a burlap backrubber and a mineral feeder equipped with reservoir type facerubber cords, charged with 1 pt Ravap EC and 3.5 gal diesel fuel. Herd no 3 consisted of 14 Angus heifers treated with 2 Ectrin 8% ear tags per animal. Herd no 4 consisted of ca 55 mixed breed cows with calves, treated with a mineral feeder type ‘Dustacator’ and later changed (wk 10) to standard dust bags. Both applicators were charged with Ectiban 0.25% dust. Herd no 5 consisted of ca 30 mixed breed cows and heifers, treated with a burlap backrubber and a mineral feeder type facerubber, charged with 1 pt Ectiban 5.7%EC and 5 gal diesel fuel. Comparative efficacy was based on an untreated control herd, consisting of ca 20 mixed breed cows with calves. All herds were within ca 2 miles of each other. Weekly fly counts were made on 10 animals per herd and are expressed as the mean number of face and horn flies per treatment. The same person performed the weekly fly counts to eliminate inaccuracy due to subjectivity.
Larvadex as a Mineral Block Feedthr0Ugh for Face Fly Control, 1981
Authors: Vaughan J.A. , Turner E.C.
Published: March 2022

The insect growth regulator, Larvadex, in a mineral block formulation (0.82% AI) was investigated as a potential control method for face flies. Using 2 separate herds, 1 was given untreated mineral block while the other herd was given the Larvadex-treated mineral block. Blocks were replenished as necessary. Initially, 5 one-pt samples of 1-2 day old field-dropped manure were taken per herd and placed in emergence cages. In order to obtain larger numbers of emerging face flies, the samples were increased from 1 pt to ca 2.5 gal, with 3 replicates collected per herd. Each manure replicate was placed in a large shallow galvanized pan. All Diptera were reared to the late instar stage whereupon the prepupal maggots would migrate out of the manure and drop into sand-filled collecting trays to pupate. Face fly pupae were removed, placed in emergence cages and emerged adults were counted.
Aerial Applications of EL-468 (Eli Lilly and Company) Baits For Control of Red Imported Fire Ants, 1981
Authors: Williams D.F. , Lofgren C.S.
Published: March 2022

Aerial application of baits containing EL-468 against natural infestations of the red imported fire ant were conducted in Georgia during Apr. The treatments were made on improved bermuda grass pasture that had been allowed to go fallow for 3-4 years. The chemical was formulated in soybean oil and applied on a carrier of pregel defatted corn grits. The concentration of EL-468 was 0.75% in the total bait. The applications were made using a Transland slim-line spreader (Model 20241) mounted on a Cessna Ag-Truck aircraft flying at 50-ft altitude and 120 mph with a swath width of 50 ft. The EL-468 bait was applied at 2 rates; 1.25 and 2.5 lb/acre. Amdro (0.88% concentration) applied at a rate of 1 lb/acre was used as a standard.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Darrell Eldridge M.
Published: March 2022

Materials were applied to an apple block at Steeles Tavern including Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Stayman and York. Spray dates were Apr 21, May 4, 17, Jun 18, 30, Jul 15, 26 and Aug 10. Four single-tree replicates were included in each treatment, in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer with handgun attachment. Mite populations were assessed on several dates by brushing 20-leaf samples with a leaf-brushing machine. STLM were evaluated by counting mines over a 3 min period on Jul 29.
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Tests in California, 1982
Authors: Morse J. G. , Jones V. P.
Published: March 2022

Acaracides were tested for control of citrus red mite populations on 12-year-old lemon trees (21 ft × 21 ft spacing, EW rows) located in Riverside, CA. A randomized block design was used with 8 single-tree replicates per treatment. Treatments were applied May 13 with a Hardie hand-gun (single nozzle, no. 8 disc) at 450 psi (ca 1200 gal per acre, 12 gal per tree) using a John Bean sprayer. Naked-eye counts of adult female mites on 32 leaves per tree (two 4-leaf terminals per quadrant, top surface only) were made.
Texas Citrus Mite (TCM) and Citrus Red Mite (CRM) Control, 1982
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were replicated 5 times on single-tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Materials were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 450 psi (ca 10 gal/tree) using a truck-mounted sprayer. Twenty-five leaves from the spring flush were collected around the outer canopy of each sample tree. The number of living motile spider mites on each leaf was counted in the laboratory.
Insecticidal Control of the Grape Berry Moth, 1982
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A.
Published: March 2022

A 16-year-old experimental vineyard of 'Concord' grapes at Wooster, OH was used for the evaluation. Rows were 9 ft on center with 9 ft between vines within a row. Each row was a randomized complete block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. Replicates consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/treatment. Insecticidal applications were made on July 14 and July 26 at the rate of 80 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a C02 sprayer operated at 45 psi and equipped with Tee Jet D-3 disc and no. 23 core. At harvest, Oct 4, ten clusters were taken at random from each replicate and the number of stung berries was recorded.
Relative Repellancy of Insecticide Treated Grape Foliage to Japanese Beetles, 1982
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Fickle Dan , Werner James
Published: March 2022

Seven treatments were evaluated for their repellancy to the Japanese beetle at Wooster, OH. Plots consisted of 2 adjacent grape vines, having 4 replications per treatment in randomized blocks. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft within the row. Granular formulations (Temik and Furdan) were applied only once on June 3. Granules were incorporated into the soil 1.5 ft away from each side of the row. Granules were distributed uniformly in the bottom of a 2-inch furrow and covered with soil within 5 minutes. Soil moisture was good at time of application and granules were not watered-in. The rest of the treatments were applied June 24 and Jul 12 as foliar sprays using a hand-operated C02 sprayer operated at 50 psi and equipped with a TeeJet 3D disc and No. 13 core. Sprays were applied to vines at the rate of 60 gal/acre. Visual observations were made on the 8 ft of canopy between the trunks of vines from the east side of the row. Ratings were as follows: no live beetles = 0; 1-10 live beetles = 1; and 11 or more live beetles = 2. No phytotoxicity was observed. Reports of repellancy by synthetic pyrethroids were confirmed with Cymbush and Advantage yielding lower counts at 2 days after treatment. Cymbush retained its repellancy for a full 9 days.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1981
Authors: Selhime A. G.
Published: March 2022

Experimental acaricides were compared with Oil 435-66 for efficacy against citrus rust mite in a block of 5-year-old navel orange trees. Each treatment was applied to 4-tree plots with 5 replicates in a randomized complete block design on Jul 28. Treatments were applied as dilutefull coverage sprays, using a hydraulic truck-mounted sprayer and handgun with pressure maintained at 400 psi at the pump. Water pH in 2 samples was 7.1 and 7.4. Citrus rust mites were sampled at 2-week intervals post-treatment from 20 leaf samples/rep collected from the last mature growth flush. Living adult citrus rust mites were counted in four 10X binocular microscope fields/leaf (2 upper and 2 lower-leaf surface fields).
Aphid Control on Alabama Pecans, 1982
Authors: Estes P. M. , Stahl S. T.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted in a commercial pecan orchard near Hurtsboro, AL using a randomized block design. Each Treatment was replicated 3 times with 1 record tree per replicate. Applications were made with a John Bean Speed Sprayer at 10 gal spray per tree. Aphid populations were monitored prior to each application by counting all aphids on each of ten arbitrarily selected compound leaves on each record tree. A total of 7 applications were made at ca 2-week intervals starting Jun 8 and ending Sep 13.
Residue Toxicity of Candidate Insecticides, 1980
Authors: Vardell Henry H. , McDonald L. L. , Gillenwater H. B.
Published: March 2022

The insects used in these tests were the confused flour beetle adults 7-14 days old and black carpet beetle larvae 3-5 mo old. The insects were reared and the tests were conducted in rooms maintained at 27 1 C and 60_5% RH. A Gardner blade applicator was used to apply acetone solutions of the technical formulation insecticides to 3 by 12 inch strips of 40-lb kcaft paper laminated to aluminum foil. Rates of 5, 10, and 50 ugy/cm2 - were applied on the paper, surfaces and 1, 5, and 25 ug/cm2 on the aluminum surfaces for the tests of 1-day-old residues. Rates of 10, 50, and 100 ug/cm2" and 5, 25, and 50 ug/cm2 were applied on the paper and aluminum surfaces, respectively, for the tests of 28-day-old residues. Ten insects were exposed to the residues in each of 4 arenas formed by 6.4 cm dia, by 2.5 cm high, glass cylinders placed on each type of surface. The confused flour beetle adults and the black carpet beetle larvae were exposed on the 1-day-old residues for 4 and 24 h, respectively. Both species were exposed on the 28-day-old residues for 24 h. After exposure, the insects were placed into clean petri dishes without food, The numbers of knocked-down and dead plus moribund insects were recorded after 120 and 168 h for the confused flour beetle adults and the black carpet beetle larvae, respectively. Insects not able to move about freely were classes as knocked-down and those that responded only feebly or not at all when lightly probed were classed as dead plus moribund. Malathion-treated surfaces were used as a standard for comparison for each treatment rate. Acetone-treated surfaces were used as the controls. The insecticidal activity of each candidate insecticide was ranked by comparison with the malathion standard according to the test conditions as follows: 1, equal to or greater than the standard; 0, less than the standard; and -1, little or no insecticidal activity.
Evaluation of Various Insecticides as Grain Protectants for Wheat, 1982
Authors: Quinlan James K.
Published: March 2022

Laboratory strains (non resistant) of the 3 insects were reared at 26 1° F and 65% RH.
Efficacy of Bait Formulations of Avermectin Bl and Amdro Upon Male German Cockroaches, 1982
Authors: Ballard James B. , Gold Roger E.
Published: March 2022

Bait formulations of avermectin Bl and Amdro was evaluated in modified Ebeling choice boxes. The modification consisted of the deletion of screened holes in the sides of the box. The choice box was 30 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm and made of clear white pine. A center partition divided the box into 2 chambers whereas a 1-cm hole near the top center of the partition permitted the movement of cockroaches between chambers. Box bottom was of 0.6 cm replaceable plywood panels. Top was 0.4-cm-thick panels of replaceable plexiglass. In 3 replications both chambers of the choice box were provisioned with water and kept dark. One chamber of each choice box received a 0.5 g sample of Al po dry dog food bait previously treated with a selected concentration of either Bl or Amdro. Preliminary trials indicated that 1,000 or 10,000 ppm Amdro was required for sufficient mortality for analysis. The other choice box chamber received a 0.5-g sample of untreated Al po dog food. Samples were placed into choice boxes in plastic petri dish bottoms. The hole in the center partition was stoppered and 25 male German cockroaches, Orlando Normal biotype, were introduced into each chamber (50 cockroaches per box). One hour later, after the effects of carbon dioxide anesthesia had subsided, the stopper was removed. Once each day at 1 p.m. for 7 days the number of dead or moribund cockroaches in each chamber were recorded and removed. Probit analysis was performed on the data to estimate LT50 values.
Evaluation of Six Avermectin Formulations by Topical Application, 1982
Authors: Vance Art D. , Gold Roger E.
Published: March 2022

Laboratory reared male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), Orlando normal biotype, were used as test insects in the evaluation and comparison of 6 Avermectin agents with Dursban (a. i. chlorpyrifos) insecticide. Six concentrations of each material were evaluated in each of 3 replicated trials each with 10 male cockroaches. Cockroaches were briefly anesthetized with carbon-dioxide gas and the test materials applied with a micro-applicator to the venter between the pro- and mesothoracic coxae. Treated cockroaches were held in a dark growth chamber at 30°C ± 2°C and 90% ± 5% RH. in a pt bottle with food and water ad libum for 7 days. Mortality was recorded at 4 h and at 24-h intervals post-treatment throughout the test period. Probit analysis of mortality data was utilized to calculate LD50 and LT50 values for the materials evaluated.
Laboratory Evaluation of Igr's and Toxicants Against the Larvae of the Oriental Rat Flea, 1981
Authors: Chamberlain W. F.
Published: March 2022

A 10-g sample of a mixture of fine sand and flea larval diet was placed in a 25-ml screwcapped vial. An appropriate concentration of technical IGR or toxicant in 500 ul of acetone was added to the mix, and after it was stirred, the acetone was evaporated at room temperature. Next, 200 ul of water was added and stirred into the mix. Twenty-five laboratory-reared 2nd stage larvae were added. Vials were then covered with 0.3 mm mesh marquisette cloth and held in separate chambers at 75% RH, 29 ± 1°C, and 8/16 dark/light cycle. Each test was replicated 2-6 times. Control vials containing the sand-diet mix were treated with the acetone only and handled in the same manner as test vials. The vials were examined weekly for 2 or 3 wk, and any cocoons were removed and placed in 3.7-ml shell vials and covered with the marquisette cloth. Twenty-one days after removal of the cocoons, any emerged fleas were killed with chloroform and counted. The highest concentration of IGR or toxicant tested was 100 ppm; dilutions to 1.0 ppb were tested, as needed, to obtained reduced mortality.
Control of Annual White Grubs in Kentucky Bluegrass, 1982
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted in a lawn in Lincoln, NE (Lancaster Co.). Thatch accumulation was 0.59 - 0.67 in, and temperature at treatment time (Sep 14) was 76.2 F. The grubs were third instars and damage to the turf was evident. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 3 replicates. Individual plots were 2 × 2 ft. Granular materials were mixed with clay granules and hand shaken onto the plots. Liquid formulations were mixed with water at equivalent rates of 1,530 gal/acre and applied with a hand-held sprinkling can. After all treatments were applied, the entire test was irrigated with an automatic watering system with sufficient water to wet the first 0.5 in of soil. Rainfall during the post-treatment sampling period (Sep 14 - Oct 14) was measurable on Sep 14 (0.25 in), Sep 18 (0.47 in), Sep 29 (0.47 in), Oct 1 (0.50), Oct 3 (0.35 in). Grub populations were sampled at 2 (Sep 30) and 4 (Oct 14) wk post-treatment by cutting a 1 × 2 ft × 2 in deep s trip from each plot on each sampling date with a mechanical sod cutter, and recording the number of live and dead grubs in the sod roll and in a 1 in zone below the soil line. Percent control of each plot was transformed to arcsin prior to AN0VA; untransformed means are presented in the table.
Control of Black Vine Weevil on Red Raspberry, 1981-82
Authors: Shanks Carl H.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were tested as winter soil treatments against the weevil larvae. Plots were single rows 9 ft apart and treatments were in a randomized complete block design. Location, plot length, replication, and dates of treatment were as follows: (1) Lebanon, OR; 30 ft; 3 times; Dec 10 '81 (2) Vancouver, WA; 80 ft; 5 times; Jan 29 '82 (3) Ridgefield, WA; 30 ft; 4 times; Feb 12 '82. Chemicals were applied with a sprinkling can in 1 qt of water/10 ft of row. Only a 3-ft band was treated over the row. Rain was the means of leaching the chemicals to the root zone. The treatments were evaluated the following April by counting the larvae in 4 shovels of soil from each plot.
Sugarcane Rootstalk Borer Weevil Regulatory Treatment in Ornamental Plants, 1982
Authors: Schroeder W. J. , Jones I. F.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted to develop a potting soil amendment to prevent movement of Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae in ornamental plants. Heptachlor is presently used in the potting soil for ornamental plants produced in the weevil areas. Lindane was mixed with Terra-lite Metro Mix, a commercial potting soil containing Canadian sphagnum peat moss, domestic horticultural vermiculite, processed, bark, composted pine bark, and washed granite sand in March. The rates/acre were computed on a 6-in depth acre with 800 yd of treated soil/acre. Coral Ardisia, Ardisia crispa, an ornamental plant that supports development of D. abbreviatus was planted in 6-in pots, and 20 plants/treatment were used. Plants were infested with 100 first stage larvae 4 mo after treatment and the soil examined for larvae 2 mo later. Plants wepe maintained in a covered screen enclosure.
Control of Gypsy Moth Larvae on Lake-Front Properties in New Durham, New Hampshire, 1982
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study evaluated the usefulness of the Bacillus thuringiensis products, Bactospeine FC and Bactospeine WP in preventing total defoliation in a high gypsy moth population area wh"en applied by ground equipment to small lake-front house lots. Applications were made to a total of 53 properties located on Merrymeeting Lake, New Durham, New Hampshire between May 20 and Jun 3. A Bean high pressure sprayer with a FMC 785 spray gun at 500 psi capable of reaching 50 ft heights was used. All deciduous trees and shrubs on each property were covered with a single application using approximately 300 gal/acre. Some properties which showed evidence of reinfestation received a second application approximately 10 days after the first. Evaluations of variations in dosages (BIU's) and numbers of applications were made by determining the amount of foliage injury to oak, birch, and beech on Jun 9 and Jun 25 using the following foliar injury ratings: 0=no damage; l=slight or trace feeding holes; 2=moderate feeding on 25% of leaves; 3=severe feeding on 25-50% of leaves; 4=severe feeding on 50-75% of leaves; 5=severe feeding on 75-100% of leaves or total defoliation. At each site, evaluations were made on both treated lots and adjacent untreated (control) areas. Therefore, each treated site was compared with its own adjacent control.
Phytotoxicity Trials on Nursery Stock, California, 1982
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Robb K. L.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity tests were conducted on 6 species of plants with 3 rates of fenpropathrin, 0.075, 0.10 and 0.40 lb ai/100 gal. The material was applied to runoff with a hand gun operating from a 2.5 gpm piston pump at 125 psi with a 5003 nozzle. Plants were sprayed under shade cloth in early morning at a cooperating nursery on May 31, Jul 6, Sep 7. Each dosage was applied to three 3-gal containers; a water check consisted of an equal number of plants. After spraying, plants were left on location at the nursery. Phytotoxicity readings were made weekly after pesticide application.
Phytotoxicity Test on Container-Grown Woody Ornamentals, Alabama, 1982
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Cobb Gary S.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity of fenpropathrin 2.4EC was evaluated on 15 woody ornamentals produced in south Alabama. Plants were grown in an amended pine bark medium. F. japonica, M. bealei, R. X 'Coral Bell', R. X 'Mrs. G. G. Gerbing', and T. japonica were grown under 47% shade; other species in full sun. Overhead impulse sprinklers were used for irrigation. Treatments were applied to all leaf surfaces to run-off Apr 8, Apr 27, and May 11, at 0.075, 0 . 1 , and 0.4 lb ai/100 gal water with hand-pumped, compressed air sprayers. Phytotixicity evaluations were made 1 wk after each application and 4 wk after the last application. There were 5 single-plant replicates/species arranged in a completely randomized design.