bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A correta exegese do princípio da especialidade na solução do conflito aparente entre os tipos penais dos arts. 40 e 50-A da lei de crimes ambientais
Authors: Filho Domingos Daniel Moutinho da Conceição
Published: March 2018

Estudo sobre o conflito aparente de normas entre os tipos penais descritos nos artigos 40 e 50-A da Lei de Crimes Ambientais. Menciona o entendimento que utiliza o conceito de "unidades de conservação'' como elemento a balizar o princípio da especialidade entre os tipos penais. Relata as distorções e equívocos contidos nesse entendimento, para, então,  defender que o elemento normativo "floresta de domínio público'' é que deve ser o cerne da eleição da norma aplicável ao caso concreto. Expõe, à luz dos diversos dispositivos da lei que instituiu o art. 50-A, da tramitação do projeto de lei que culminou na sua instituição e da jurisprudência do STJ, os fundamentos para o entendimento aqui apontado, os quais residem, em essência, nos inequívocos termos utilizados pelo tipo penal em questão e na manifesta intenção da lei em proteger as florestas de domínio público, estejam elas em unidades de conservação ou não. Por fim, formula uma análise casuística de qual tipo penal deve prevalecer no caso de degradações ocorridas em unidades de conservação, a depender, essencialmente, da espécie de cobertura florestal nelas contida e da dominialidade da unidade. Palavras-chave: Conflito aparente de normas, Arts. 40 e 50-A da LCA, Princípio da Especialidade, Unidades de conservação, Florestas de domínio público.
"A queda do céu" e o xamanismo no discurso de Davi Kopenawa
Authors: Reis Marla Elizabeth Almeida , Wiggers Raquel , Neto Solon Pessoa Godinho
Published: March 2018

As Sociedades Amazônicas possuem uma cosmologia que aloca em seus núcleos a corporalidade e a relação com os animais. O objetivo deste artigo, então, é clarificar as especificidades destas relações, as quais são baseadas no perspectivismo e multinaturalismo. Nesta esteira, pretende-se demonstrar como a figura do Xamã é importante e atua como mediador entre os diversos seres que habitam o mundo. Ao analisar os relatos de Davi Kopenawa, os quais foram escritos por Bruce Albert no livro ``A queda do céu'', espera-se revelar mais nuances sobre a cosmologia das sociedades Ameríndias.Palavras-chave: Xamanismo, Perspectivismo, Multinaturalismo.
Edebiyat Öğretmen Adaylarının Özel Gereksinimli Bireylere Yönelik Tutumları ve Bazı Değişkenlerle İlişkisi
Authors: DEMİR ATALAY Tazegül , ATALAY Ömer
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmadaki
amaç, edebiyat öğretmen adaylarının özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik
tutumlarının tespit edilmesi ve bu durumun çeşitli değişkenlerle arasında ilişkinin
olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Araştırmada betimsel (survey) yöntemlerden
tarama yaklaşımı içinde yer alan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın evrenini, Kafkas Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Pedagojik Formasyon
Programına devam eden öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırma
2016-2017 bahar döneminde ilgili programa devam eden toplam 297 Türk Dili ve
Edebiyatı bölümü öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada Yaralı (2015)
tarafından geliştirilen “Özel Gereksinimli Bireylere Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda edebiyat öğretmen adaylarının genel olarak
özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik olarak yüksek oranda olumlu tutumlara sahip
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada edebiyat öğretmeni adaylarının özel
gereksinimli bireylere yönelik tutumları, alt boyut bazında da incelenmiştir.
Olumsuz tutum, duyarlılık ve beğeni alt boyutları cinsiyet, yaş, mezun olunan
lise, baba ve anne eğitim durumu değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda hiçbir alt boyutta ilgili değişkenlere anlamlı bir
farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Dolayısıyla edebiyat öğretmeni adaylarının genel
olarak özel gereksinimli bireylere yönelik tutumları, öğretmen adaylarının
cinsiyet, yaş, mezun olunan lise, baba ve anne eğitim durumuna göre istatistiki
açıdan anlamlı bir farklılığa neden olmamıştır.
Argümantasyon Temelli Deney Raporu Yazımının Fen Bilgisi Öğretmen Adaylarının Argüman Yapılarını Geliştirmelerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: İnaltekin Tufan , Akçay Hakan
Published: March 2018

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, fen eğitiminin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan laboratuvar
uygulamalarında argümantasyona dayalı deney raporu yazma anlayışını kullanan fen
bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının süreç boyunca ortaya koydukları argümanların
gelişimini incelemektir. Araştırma 2012-2013 güz yarıyılında Türkiye’ deki bir
devlet üniversitesinin fen bilgisi öğretmenliği programı 2. sınıfta öğrenim
gören 46 öğretmen adayı ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın deneysel tasarımı,
örneklem gurubunun zamana bağlı nasıl değişim gösterdiğini ortaya koyan zaman
serisi deseni olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın verileri beş hafta boyunca
genel biyoloji laboratuvarı dersinde toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama
aracı, fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının biyoloji laboratuvarı derslerinde argümantasyon
temelli hazırladıkları deney raporlarıdır. Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının
hazırlamış oldukları deney raporları Choi (2008) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan yazarak
bilim öğrenme yaklaşımı puanlama ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Araştırmanın verileri SPSS 17. programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizden
elde edilen bulgular, fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının beş hafta boyunca argümantasyon
temelli hazırlamış oldukları deney raporlarındaki herbir argüman bileşeni puanında
sürece dayalı anlamlı bir puan artış olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna
göre, fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının lisans dönemi laboratuvar uygulamalarında
argümantasyon temelli yazarak bilim öğrenme anlayışını kullanması, onların
bilimi sorgulama ve anlama yolları geliştirmede etkili bir yaklaşım olduğunu
göstermektedir.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Kimlik ve Kültür Kavramlarına Yönelik Metafor Algıları
Authors: ERDİLMEN OCAK Şule , ÇİYDEM Erol , MİNDİVANLİ AKDOĞAN Esra
Published: March 2018

Kimlik,
“İnsanların kim olduklarıyla ve toplumsal dünyayla ilgili olarak iletişim ve
dil aracılığıyla kurdukları düşünceler bütünü” şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır.
Farklı birçok tanımı yapılan kültür ise “bir topluluğun yaşamını sürdürmesinde
uyum ve dayanışmayı sağlayacak, kişiler arasında iletişimi kuracak kurumları;
yaşamı anlamlandırırken başvurulacak değerler, kurallar ve inançlar dizgesini
içeren yapı” olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu kavramlar toplumsal yaşamda
bireylere aidiyetlik duygusu kazandıran başlıca faktörler arasındadır. Nitekim
bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin “kimlik ve kültür” kavramlarına yönelik
algıları ve bu algılarında hangi kaynakların etkili olduğu, onların söz konusu
kavramlara yönelik geliştirmiş oldukları metaforlar aracılığıyla belirlenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Metaforlar, soyut kavramların zihinde somut­laştırılması ve
görselleştirilmesini sağlamakta ve böylece öğrenilen bilgilerin akılda daha
uzun süre kalmasını ve daha kolay hatırlanmasını sağlayarak öğrenme motivas­yonunu
artırmaktadır. Son yıllarda, metaforların belli başlı sosyal or­tamlardaki
faaliyetlere nasıl rehber olduğu, inançları, tutumları ve değerleri nasıl şe­killendirdiği,
örgütsel süreçleri nasıl gösterdiği ve örgütsel yaşamın oluşturulmasında nasıl
vurgulandığına yönelik olarak ilginin arttığı görülmektedir (Çelikten,
2006:270). Bu bağlamda soyut birer kavram olan “kültür ve kimlik” hakkında
geliştirilmesi beklenen metaforlar, bu kavramlara yönelik algıyı ve bu algının
oluşumundaki muhtemel sebepleri ortaya koyacaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini,
2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim
Fakültesi, Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenliği bölümünde I., II., III. ve IV.
sınıflarda öğrenim gören 353 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacı
tarafından geliştirilen “Kimlik ve Kültür Metaforları Anketi” kullanılmıştır.
Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiklerin yanı sıra içerik analizleri de
yapılmıştır.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA JERMAN DI SMA
Authors: Dirga Ryan Nuansa
Published: March 2018

This paper describes innovation of lietarure teaching in Germanic for SMA students.   Curriculum change has an immense effort for teachers to promote adaptation on their teaching.  In the 2013 Curriculum for SMA, in this context of analysis, innovation for teaching materials and teaching methods used are required as the inquiry based teaching is prominent in this context. The problems of curriculum innovation requires teachers creativity in terms of instructional designs, including: syllabus, lesson plan, teaching materials, methos of teaching and assessment.  This paper argues that innovation in teaching Germany for SMA students should start from the instructional design that puts emphases on teaching materials and teaching methods using for exapmle: project-based teaching, inquiry-based teaching.
REFLEKSI DAN IMPLIKASI PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR DAN MENULIS UNTUK JURNAL INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Solikhah Imroatus
Published: March 2018

This paper is  for all intens and purposes to describe challanges and struggle to develop Ph.D’ research and strggle to submit articles in an internasional journal.  Evaluation on reading strategies that empasize on critical reading and evaluative reading were described to support description on writing for academic context and writing for journal article.  Topibs to be delivered in the paper include: Introduction, Reflection on reading competency,  Trigger to write journal article, Preparing Ph.D’s field research, Preparing to submit articles for international journal, and Conclusion.
PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SMK SWASTA DI KOTA SERANG DENGAN VARIABEL MEDIASI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI
Authors: Herlambang Erik , Fuadi Fuadi
Published: March 2018

This study examines the influence of: 1)  organizational culture on the organizational commitment of private Vocational high School (SMK) teachers in Serang; 2) interpersonal communication on the commitment of the organization of private SMK teachers in Serang; 3)  organizational culture and interpersonal communication on the organization's commitment of private SMK teachers in Serang; 4) organizational culture on the performance of private SMK teachers in Serang; 5)  interpersonal communication on the performance of private SMK teachers in Serang; 6) organizational commitment to the performance of private SMK teachers in Serang; and 7) the influence of organizational culture, interpersonal communication, and organizational commitment to the performance of private SMK teachers in Serang. The study used a survey research with 92 sample research. Data were taken by using questionnaire and analyzed using structure equation model (SEM). The results are as follows. First, organizational culture and interpersonal communication individually and together positively and significantly influence the teacher's commitment to private SMK organization in Serang. Second, organizational culture, interpersonal communication, and organizational commitment have positive and significant influence both individually and collectively on the performance of private SMK teachers in Serang.
THE EFFECTS OF IMMERSIVE MULTIMEDIA LEARNING WITH PEER SUPPORT ON VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, AND MOTIVATION
Authors: Muslem Asnawi , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the effects of the immersive multimedia learning technique with peer support on performance in English in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and motivation. The quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test was employed for the study. The first factor was the strategy of learning, namely the use of immersive multimedia learning with and without peer support, while the second factors comprised achievement in English. 80 first-year university students enrolled in an English as a foreign language course were selected for this study and the treatment lasted for eight weeks. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The findings showed that there were no significant differences in performance for vocabulary, grammar, and motivation between the students who engaged with and without peer support groups. It can be concluded that the use of immersive multimedia learning with and without peer support groups improve their motivation but did not significantly improve their vocabulary and grammar.
MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN GURU SMP NEGERI 8 BONTANG DALAM MEMASUKI KELAS PADA JAM PERTAMA MELALUI TEKNIK INDIVIDUAL CONFERENCE
Authors: Sukarsih Hj.
Published: March 2018

This study is aimed at increasing teachers’ disciplines to start teaching on time at the first entry job in SMPN 8 Bontang East Kalimantan using individual conference techniques.  The subject of the study is 14 teachers of SMPN 8 Bontang in the academic year 2012/2013.  The study uses three circle conferences each of which involves conversation and setting to explore reasons and commitment. The study discovers that during three weeks with 36 first entry meeting at 07.30-08.40, of 14 teachers involved in the conversation achieved 80%; and 93.% committed to run on time in the first entry job.  Classroom atmosphere is so conducive as teachers are present in the first entry work.
PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRUKTURAL KONFLIK
Authors: Maunah Binti
Published: March 2018

This article is to describe education position in the perspective of political conflicts.  Library analysis is used to figure out the description, involving actual and factual references, peer-collaborators and peer-teachers teaching religion education.  A round table discussion is used to finalize the conclusion.  The description involves: (1) education within the conflict structure maintains that each invididual in the classroom has different opinion, needs, and interest arousing conflicts,   (2) conflicts raise both negative and positive views.  Positive conflicts come where sportive competition is involved and enhances students to accomplish fair superiority; in reserve, negative conflicts are destructive, (3) negative conflicts in the classroom may be positive if teachers implements good management conflicts well.
LABIRIN: MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LABELI, BICARAKAN, DAN RINGKAS
Authors: Kusumawati Nike
Published: March 2018

This article is presenting teaching model for elementary school students in writing as an academic literacy.  The model cimbines two available techniques: Quantum and Picture and Picture as the basis of presentation.    Basically, the model is named as LABIRIN (give label, talk, and summarize,  Labeli,  Bicarakan, Ringkas) and is considered applicable to to teach explanation writing texts.  The process of teaching starts from teacher presents the LABIRIN model to arouse students’ interest in the structure of texts and their explanation. Teacher then asks students to make label on the sequence of events in the texts, talk the contents with groups, and write down the messages and presents before the class.
ORAL CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN SPEAKING CLASS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Authors: Solikhah Imroatus
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study is to see kinds of corrective feedbacks used by English lecturer in speaking class.  The study used classroom based observation  as the design, assigning 30 students and one speaking lecturer in English department University of Bantara (UNIVET) Sukoharjo.  Data were collected using observation and interview.  The study revealed that teacher’s corrective feedback is one factor that influences the progress of students in learning English. It did not bother the students in building a communication. The evidence showed that that the teacher applied recasts, explicit correction, and clarification requests. Recasts was dominated the type of corrective feedback used by the teacher because it did not make the students confused. Three criteria of effective corrective feedback occurred in correction given by the teacher. He was consistent in treating the errors, gave correction without breaking the flow of the communication, and did not ridicule the students in giving correction.
ORDER OF DIFFICULTIES ON SIMPLE PAST TENSE MASTERY BY EIGHTH GRADERS OF SMPN 29 SAMARINDA
Authors: Mahmudding Mahmudding
Published: March 2018

This study is aimed at seeing the order of difficulties on simple past tense based on the level of difficulties of the test items made by the second year students of SMPN 29 Samarinda. This study used descriptive design, the researcher took 100 students as a sample of this study. The research instrument was 40 items test in simple past tense mastery. The study discovered two findings. First, the mastery based on the mean score is 61,75. The score is indicated as a fair level or C score. It means that from 100 students, 35 or 35% failed and 65 or 65% were successful on simple past tense. Second, the order of difficulties on simple past tense was negative sentences is the first order (59.4%),  irregular (42.7%), the verb be (37.1%) and  regular (14.8%).
ANALISIS SIRKUMSTAN PADA BUKU CERITA ANAK THE 7 HABBITS OF HAPPY KIDS KARYA SEAN COVEY DAN TERJEMAHANNYA (Kajian Terjemahan dengan Pendekatan Systemic Functional Linguistics)
Authors: Sholihah Husna Imro’athush , Santosa Riyadi , Djatmika Djatmika
Published: March 2018

This research investigated the form and types of circumstances,  translation techniques, translation quality of circumstances, and the impact of translation techniques towards the form, types and translation quality of circumstances in bilingual kids story book. This qualitative research used systemic functional linguistic approach. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis technique of Spradley. The results show that circumstances were expressed in the form of words, group of words, and prepositional phrases, having 7 types: circumstances of location, circumstances of manner, circumstances of extent, circumstances of causes, circumstances of accompaniment, circumstances of role, and circumstances of matter. The translation techniques include: single variant, couplet, triplet and quartet. Children stories vary in types and forms of circumstances, depending on the focus and plot of the stories. The translation techniques lead to either cause translation shift or translation qualities of the circumstances are of good quality in terms of accuracy, acceptability and high readability.
Systematic Error Reduction in Geometric Measurements Based on Altimetric Enrichment of Geographical Features
Authors: Girres Jean-François
Published: March 2018

In most GIS software, geometric measurements (length, area) computed from the geometry of vector objects are performed in two dimensions, which generates systematic underestimates. Several reasons can explain this critical situation: two of these include deficiencies in the geometric modelling of vector data and absence of correctly implemented methods for computing measurements using altitudes. To reduce the systematic error in geometric measurements caused by the omission of altitudes, methods are proposed to (1) enrich the geometry of geographical features using external altimetric data and (2) compute length and area using altitudes. These propositions are implemented in a model that allows any GIS user to take terrain into account in the computation of length and area and estimate the underestimation involved in two-dimensional measurements. Experiments are finally performed to illustrate the functioning of the model and test the impact of the quality of several altimetric data sources. Results demonstrate that freely available digital elevation models reduce measurement error. Based on comparisons with high-resolution databases, the results also show that omitting the terrain is not sufficient to assess the entire measurement error, which is also affected by other processes, such as digitizing error and cartographic projection.
Coopting Cops with Maps: The Rhetorical Power of Cartography in Modern Policing
Authors: Heiden William
Published: March 2018

In the 1990s, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) famously implemented a new strategy for reducing crime. Along with a “broken windows” orientation, police leadership used new management principles to analyze crime and direct police force activities, and geospatial software was central to these principles. The use of maps increases the credibility of an argument, but a critical examination of the historical development of policing tactics and the application of rhetorical concepts calls into question the validity of the NYPD's use of mapping in the context of crime reduction. A comparative analysis of the NYPD's CompStat efforts and a counter-mapping effort by theguardian.com illustrates the rhetorical power and the perils of maps.
Theoretical Analysis of Continuous Heat Extraction from Absorber of Solar Still for Improving the Productivity
Authors: El-Agouz Elsayed , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Subramani Jothirathinam , Manokar A. Muthu , Arunkumar Thirugnanasambantham , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Nagarajan Parasumanna Krishnamurthy , Babu Devarajan Magesh
Published: March 2018

This paper communicates the theoretical analysis of continuous waste heat extraction from the other side of absorber plate. For theoretical analysis two conditions are determined one is the mass of water in the absorber and another one is mass flow rate of water around the absorber plate. Results indicated that the water temperature is reached maximum at 10 kg of mass and 5 kg/hr mass flow of water and the heat extracted from the absorber is higher at optimum mass flow of 5 kg/hr. Also, the higher temperature difference between the water and the collector cover is found during the off-shine period. The maximum achievable hourly productivity of 0.9 and 0.5 kg is found for the solar still with and without circulation respectively. The yield from present model with continuous heat extraction is increased from 3 to 5.5 kg/m2. As the approached method is more new to the society it may be determined by Agouz- Nagarajan- Sathyamurthy (ANS) model.
Enhanced quantum yields by sterically demanding aryl-substituted β-diketonate ancillary ligands
Authors: Pittkowski Rebecca , Strassner Thomas
Published: March 2018

Luminescent organometallic platinum(II) compounds are of interest as phosphors for organic light emitting devices. Their emissive properties can be tuned by variation of the ligands or by specific electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents. Different ancillary ligands can have a profound impact on the emission color and emission efficiency of these complexes. We studied the influence of sterically hindered, aryl-substituted β-diketonates on the emission properties of C^C* cyclometalated complexes, employing the unsubstituted methyl-phenyl-imidazolium ligand. The quantum yield was significantly enhanced by changing the auxiliary ligand from acetylacetonate, where the corresponding platinum(II) complex shows only a very weak emission, to mesityl (mes) or duryl (dur) substituted acetylacetonates. The new complexes show very efficient emission with quantum yields >70% in the sky-blue spectral region (480 nm) and short decay times (<3 μs).
EUV Emission and Scattered Light Diagnostics of Equatorial Coronal Holes as Seen by Hinode/EIS
Authors: Wendeln Carolyn , Landi Enrico
Published: March 2018

Spectroscopic diagnostics of solar coronal plasmas critically depends on the uncertainty in the measured line intensities. One of the main sources of uncertainty is instrumental scattered light, which is potentially most important in low-brightness areas. In the solar corona, such areas include polar and equatorial coronal holes, which are the source regions of the solar wind; instrument-scattered light must thus pose a significant obstacle to studies of the source regions of the solar wind. In this paper, we investigate the importance of instrument-scattered light on observations of equatorial coronal holes made by the Hinode/EIS spectrometer in two different phases of the solar cycle. We find that the instrument-scattered light is significant at all temperatures, and in both regions it amounts to approximately 10% of the average intensity of the neighboring quiet-Sun regions. Such contribution dominates the measured intensity for spectral lines formed at temperatures larger than Log T = 6.15 K, and has deep implications for spectroscopic diagnostics of equatorial coronal hole plasmas and studies of the source regions of a large portion of the solar wind that reaches Earth. Our results suggest that the high-temperature tail in the coronal hole plasma distribution with temperature, however small, is an artifact due to the presence of scattered light.
Sites that Can Produce Left-handed Amino Acids in the Supernova Neutrino Amino Acid Processing Model
Authors: Boyd Richard N. , Famiano Michael A. , Onaka Takashi , Kajino Toshitaka
Published: March 2018

The Supernova Neutrino Amino Acid Processing model, which uses electron anti-neutrinos and the magnetic field from a source object such as a supernova to selectively destroy one amino acid chirality, is studied for possible sites that would produce meteoroids with partially left-handed amino acids. Several sites appear to provide the requisite magnetic field intensities and electron anti-neutrino fluxes. These results have obvious implications for the origin of life on Earth.
Properties of a Small-scale Short-duration Solar Eruption with a Driven Shock
Authors: Ying Beili , Feng Li , Lu Lei , Zhang Jie , Magdalenic Jasmina , Su Yingna , Su Yang , Gan Weiqun
Published: March 2018

Large-scale solar eruptions have been extensively explored over many years. However, the properties of small-scale events with associated shocks have rarely been investigated. We present analyses of a small-scale, short-duration event originating from a small region. The impulsive phase of the M1.9-class flare lasted only four minutes. The kinematic evolution of the CME hot channel reveals some exceptional characteristics, including a very short duration of the main acceleration phase (<2 minutes), a rather high maximal acceleration rate (∼50 km s−2), and peak velocity (∼1800 km s−1). The fast and impulsive kinematics subsequently results in a piston-driven shock related to a metric type II radio burst with a high starting frequency of ∼320 MHz of the fundamental band. The type II source is formed at a low height of below 1.1 R
⊙ less than ∼2 minutes after the onset of the main acceleration phase. Through the band-split of the type II burst, the shock compression ratio decreases from 2.2 to 1.3, and the magnetic field strength of the shock upstream region decreases from 13 to 0.5 Gauss at heights of 1.1–2.3 R
⊙. We find that the CME (∼4 × 1030 erg) and flare (∼1.6 × 1030 erg) consume similar amounts of magnetic energy. The same conclusion for large-scale eruptions implies that small- and large-scale events possibly share a similar relationship between CMEs and flares. The kinematic particularities of this event are possibly related to the small footpoint-separation distance of the associated magnetic flux rope, as predicted by the Erupting Flux Rope model.
How Turbulence Enables Core-collapse Supernova Explosions
Authors: Mabanta Quintin A. , Murphy Jeremiah W.
Published: March 2018

An important result in core-collapse supernova (CCSN) theory is that spherically symmetric, one-dimensional simulations routinely fail to explode, yet multidimensional simulations often explode. Numerical investigations suggest that turbulence eases the condition for explosion, but how it does it is not fully understood. We develop a turbulence model for neutrino-driven convection, and show that this turbulence model reduces the condition for explosions by about 30%, in concordance with multidimensional simulations. In addition, we identify which turbulent terms enable explosions. Contrary to prior suggestions, turbulent ram pressure is not the dominant factor in reducing the condition for explosion. Instead, there are many contributing factors, with ram pressure being only one of them, but the dominant factor is turbulent dissipation (TD). Primarily, TD provides extra heating, adding significant thermal pressure and reducing the condition for explosion. The source of this TD power is turbulent kinetic energy, which ultimately derives its energy from the higher potential of an unstable convective profile. Investigating a turbulence model in conjunction with an explosion condition enables insight that is difficult to glean from merely analyzing complex multidimensional simulations. An explosion condition presents a clear diagnostic to explain why stars explode, and the turbulence model allows us to explore how turbulence enables explosion. Although we find that TD is a significant contributor to successful supernova explosions, it is important to note that this work is to some extent qualitative. Therefore, we suggest ways to further verify and validate our predictions with multidimensional simulations.
Diagnosing the Magnetic Field Structure of a Coronal Cavity Observed during the 2017 Total Solar Eclipse
Authors: Chen Yajie , Tian Hui , Su Yingna , Qu Zhongquan , Deng Linhua , Jibben Patricia R. , Yang Zihao , Zhang Jingwen , Samanta Tanmoy , He Jiansen , Wang Linghua , Zhu Yingjie , Zhong Yue , Liang Yu
Published: March 2018

We present an investigation of a coronal cavity observed above the western limb in the coronal red line Fe x 6374 Å using a telescope of Peking University and in the green line Fe xiv 5303 Å using a telescope of Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, during the total solar eclipse on 2017 August 21. A series of magnetic field models is constructed based on the magnetograms taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) one week before the eclipse. The model field lines are then compared with coronal structures seen in images taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board SDO and in our coronal red line images. The best-fit model consists of a flux rope with a twist angle of 3.1π, which is consistent with the most probable value of the total twist angle of interplanetary flux ropes observed at 1 au. Linear polarization of the Fe xiii 10747 Å line calculated from this model shows a “lagomorphic” signature that is also observed by the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter of the High Altitude Observatory. We also find a ring-shaped structure in the line-of-sight velocity of Fe xiii 10747 Å, which implies hot plasma flows along a helical magnetic field structure, in the cavity. These results suggest that the magnetic structure of the cavity is a highly twisted flux rope, which may erupt eventually. The temperature structure of the cavity has also been investigated using the intensity ratio of Fe xiii 10747 Å and Fe x 6374 Å.
Testing the Formation Scenarios of Binary Neutron Star Systems with Measurements of the Neutron Star Moment of Inertia
Authors: Newton William G. , Steiner Andrew W. , Yagi Kent
Published: March 2018

Two low-mass (M < 1.4 M
⊙) neutron stars, J0737-3039B and the companion to J1756-2251, show strong evidence of being formed in an ultra-stripped supernova explosion (US-SN) with a ONeMg or Fe progenitor. Using systematically generated sets of equations of state we map out the relationship between the moment of inertia of J0737-3039A, a candidate for a moment of inertia measurement within a decade, and the binding energy of the two low-mass neutron stars. This relationship, similar to the I-Love-Q relations, is more robust than a previously explored correlation between the binding energy and the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy L. We find that, if either J0737-3039B or the J1756-2251 companion were formed in a US-SN, no more than 0.06 M
⊙ could have been lost from the progenitor core. Furthermore, a measurement of the moment of inertia of J0737-3039A to within 10% accuracy can discriminate between formation scenarios and, given current constraints on the predicted core mass loss, potentially rule them out. Advanced LIGO can potentially measure the neutron star tidal polarizability to equivalent accuracy which, using the I-Love-Q relations, would obtain similar constraints on the formation scenarios. Such information would help constrain important aspects of binary evolution used for population synthesis predictions of the rate of binary neutron star mergers and resulting electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals. Further progress needs to be made in modeling the core-collapse process that leads to low-mass neutron stars, particularly in making robust predictions for the mass loss from the progenitor core.
Intermediate-mass Elements in Young Supernova Remnants Reveal Neutron Star Kicks by Asymmetric Explosions
Authors: Katsuda Satoru , Morii Mikio , Janka Hans-Thomas , Wongwathanarat Annop , Nakamura Ko , Kotake Kei , Mori Koji , Müller Ewald , Takiwaki Tomoya , Tanaka Masaomi , Tominaga Nozomu , Tsunemi Hiroshi
Published: March 2018

The birth properties of neutron stars (NSs) yield important information about the still-debated physical processes that trigger the explosion as well as on intrinsic neutron-star physics. These properties include the high space velocities of young neutron stars with average values of several 100 km s−1, with an underlying “kick” mechanism that is not fully clarified. There are two competing possibilities that could accelerate NSs during their birth: anisotropic ejection of either stellar debris or neutrinos. Here we present new evidence from X-ray measurements that chemical elements between silicon and calcium in six young gaseous supernova remnants are preferentially expelled opposite to the direction of neutron star motion. There is no correlation between the kick velocities and magnetic field strengths of these neutron stars. Our results support a hydrodynamic origin of neutron-star kicks connected to asymmetric explosive mass ejection, and they conflict with neutron-star acceleration scenarios that invoke anisotropic neutrino emission caused by particle and nuclear physics in combination with very strong neutron-star magnetic fields.
Studies of Isolated and Non-isolated Photospheric Bright Points in an Active Region Observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope
Authors: Liu Yanxiao , Xiang Yongyuan , Erdélyi Robertus , Liu Zhong , Li Dong , Ning Zongjun , Bi Yi , Wu Ning , Lin Jun
Published: March 2018

Properties of photospheric bright points (BPs) near an active region have been studied in TiO λ 7058 Å images observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope of the Yunnan Observatories. We developed a novel recognition method that was used to identify and track 2010 BPs. The observed evolving BPs are classified into isolated (individual) and non-isolated (where multiple BPs are observed to display splitting and merging behaviors) sets. About 35.1% of BPs are non-isolated. For both isolated and non-isolated BPs, the brightness varies from 0.8 to 1.3 times the average background intensity and follows a Gaussian distribution. The lifetimes of BPs follow a log-normal distribution, with characteristic lifetimes of (267 ± 140) s and (421 ± 255) s, respectively. Their size also follows log-normal distribution, with an average size of about (2.15 ± 0.74) × 104 km2 and (3.00 ± 1.31) × 104 km2 for area, and (163 ± 27) km and (191 ± 40) km for diameter, respectively. Our results indicate that regions with strong background magnetic field have higher BP number density and higher BP area coverage than regions with weak background field. Apparently, the brightness/size of BPs does not depend on the background field. Lifetimes in regions with strong background magnetic field are shorter than those in regions with weak background field, on average.
Evolution of the Stellar Mass–Metallicity Relation. I. Galaxies in the z ∼ 0.4 Cluster Cl0024
Authors: Leethochawalit Nicha , Kirby Evan N. , Moran Sean M. , Ellis Richard S. , Treu Tommaso
Published: March 2018

We present the stellar mass–stellar metallicity relationship (MZR) in the galaxy cluster Cl0024+1654 at z ∼ 0.4 using full-spectrum stellar population synthesis modeling of individual quiescent galaxies. The lower limit of our stellar mass range is M
* = 109.7
M
⊙, the lowest galaxy mass at which individual stellar metallicity has been measured beyond the local universe. We report a detection of an evolution of the stellar MZR with observed redshift at 0.037 ± 0.007 dex per Gyr, consistent with the predictions from hydrodynamical simulations. Additionally, we find that the evolution of the stellar MZR with observed redshift can be explained by an evolution of the stellar MZR with the formation time of galaxies, i.e., when the single stellar population (SSP)-equivalent ages of galaxies are taken into account. This behavior is consistent with stars forming out of gas that also has an MZR with a normalization that decreases with redshift. Lastly, we find that over the observed mass range, the MZR can be described by a linear function with a shallow slope (

). The slope suggests that galaxy feedback, in terms of mass-loading factor, might be mass-independent over the observed mass and redshift range.
Pechiney en Australie : Une histoire de l’électrolyse de Tomago (1978-1985)
Authors: Mioche Philippe
Published: March 2018

L’aventure australienne commence dans les années 1960 pour Pechiney, attiré par un territoire promis à devenir l’Eldorado de la bauxite. Consciente de cette richesse, l’Australie veut alors la valoriser et développer une industrie locale autour du minerai. C’est ainsi que Pechiney participe dès 1963 à la grande usine d’alumine de Gladstone, exploitée en coopérative par Queensland Alumina Ltd (QAL). Au cours de la décennie suivante, une intégration plus étroite de la filière va toucher la production d’aluminium primaire. Les pouvoirs publics australiens proposent en 1978 à Pechiney de créer une joint-venture afin de construire une usine d’électrolyse sur le site de Tomago. L’opération séduit le producteur français pour trois raisons : l’approvisionnement garanti en alumine, la proximité des marchés asiatiques et la possibilité de vendre sa technologie des cuves d’électrolyse dont il est devenu un des leaders mondiaux grâce à son laboratoire savoyard, le LRF. Après une période d’études et de négociations parfois tendues autour du prix de l’électricité, l’usine entre en activité en septembre 1983. Principal partenaire avec la firme australienne Colonial Sugar Refining, Pechiney apporte son expertise à la nouvelle affaire et conduit les opérations notamment par l’intermédiaire de ses personnels expatriés qui contribuent au démarrage de l’usine et à la formation de la main-d’œuvre locale.
Une nouvelle « gouvernance » des migrations ? Ce que disent les organisations internationales
Authors: Pécoud Antoine
Published: March 2018

Les organisations internationales, que ce soit des agences de l’ONU ou d’autres organisations, interviennent de façon plus volontariste dans la gouvernance des migrations. Cet intérêt n’est à proprement parler pas nouveau mais il s’est amplifié à mesure que les migrations prenaient de l’ampleur et étaient inscrites sur l’agenda international. Antoine Pécoud interroge les objectifs et l’action de ces organisations et se demande si elles sont à même de modifier la gouvernance des migrations, et si oui, dans quelles directions.
Soutien politique et soutien humanitaire. Retour sur les solidarités citoyennes avec les réfugié·e·s en Belgique
Authors: Vertongen Youri Lou
Published: March 2018

Focalisé sur le cas de la Belgique, cet article analyse la manière dont l’espace militant du soutien aux migrant·e·s est structuré autour d’une dyade séparant le « politique » de « l’humanitaire ». Cette opposition serait légitimée par les divergences entre les répertoires d’actions, selon qu’ils visent à la transformation radicale de la politique migratoire ou qu’ils soient centrés sur l’aide à la personne. L’article nous apprend que ces catégories sont en réalité poreuses et dépendent bien souvent du contexte dans lequel les réflexes militants s’imposent.
La militarisation de la frontière franco-italienne et le réseau de solidarité avec les migrant·e·s dans la Vallée de la Roya
Authors: Giliberti Luca
Published: March 2018

Depuis juin 2015 – moment de la militarisation de la frontière franco-italienne – la vallée de la Roya, un territoire situé entre la France et l’Italie, dans les Alpes Maritimes, a été traversée par des milliers de migrant·e·s africain·e·s désirant continuer leur parcours migratoire en Europe. La plupart sont interceptés par les forces de l’ordre et renvoyés en Italie sans avoir la possibilité de demander l’asile en France, ni d’être pris en charge par les services sociaux pour mineurs, comme l’exige la loi. Un réseau de citoyen·ne·s solidaires est né dans cette vallée. Criminalisé par l’État, il s’engage activement dans l’aide aux migrants, fournissant un accueil, des soins primaires et un soutien juridique.
Procedencia del material pétreo de los molinos de los yacimientos Cogotas I (Bronce Medio y Tardío) de la Cuenca del Duero y modelos consecuentes de flujo
Authors: López-Plaza M. , Esparza Arroyo A. , García Gómez I. , López-Moro F. J.
Published: March 2018

Se ha estudiado la procedencia del material pétreo de doce molinos de diferentes yacimientos cogotenses de la Cuenca del Duero. Utilizando una marcha metodológica previa, se alcanza una caracterización petrográfica, mineralógica y geoquímica del material, incluyendo el tratamiento de elementos traza mediante diagramas de normalización y comparación con datos disponibles de áreas fuente potenciales. Esto ha permitido, en muchos casos, la identificación de áreas fuente locales ya que la signatura geoquímica representa una huella arqueológica fidedigna de las facies o subtipos de rocas implicadas. La mayoría de las áreas fuente identificadas son graníticas, existiendo también granodioritas, gneises y areniscas, todas ellas pertenecientes al basamento varisco. Una de estas áreas incluye minerales de cobre, eventualmente aprovechables para metalurgia. Probablemente, ya desde la fase inicial de Cogotas I dejó de regir el principio del mínimo esfuerzo en el aprovisionamiento del material. El suministro de materias primas a los yacimientos arqueológicos es de carácter lejano y en direcciones cruzadas, de acuerdo con las áreas fuente establecidas, indicando una densa red de conexiones entre las comunidades de la región a escala hectokilométrica
Refining Aging Criteria for Northern Sea Otters in Washington State
Authors: Schuler Krysten L. , Baker Bridget B. , Mayer Karl A. , Perez-Heydrich Carolina , Holahan Paula M. , Thomas Nancy J. , White C. Leann
Published: March 2018

Measurement of skull ossification patterns is a standard method for aging various mammalian species and has been used to age sea otters Enhydra lutris from Russia, California, and Alaska. Cementum annuli counts have also been verified as an accurate aging method for sea otters in Alaska. In this study, we compared cementum annuli count results and skull ossification patterns as methods for aging the northern sea otter, E. l. kenyoni, in Washington State. We found significant agreement between the two methods, suggesting that either method could be used to age sea otters in Washington. We found that ossification of the squamosal–jugal suture at the ventral glenoid fossa can be used to differentiate male subadults from adults. To assist field biologists or others without access to cementum annuli or skull ossification analysis techniques, we analyzed a suite of morphologic, physiologic, and developmental characteristics to assess whether a set of these more easily accessible parameters could also predict age class. We identified tooth condition score, evidence of reproductive activity in females, and tooth eruption pattern as the most useful criteria for classifying sea otters in Washington. We created a simple decision tree based on characteristics accessible in the field or at necropsy, which can be used to reliably predict age class of Washington sea otters as determined by cementum annuli. These techniques offer field biologists and marine mammal stranding networks a replicable, cost-conscious methodology to gather useful biological information from sea otters.
Experimental Study on the Performance of Timber Frame Wall Panels in Mediterranean Construction
Authors: Basiricò Tiziana , Enea Daniele , La Gennusa Maria , Sorrentino Giancarlo
Published: March 2018

Only recently, the use of wooden buildings is spreading in the central and southern parts of the Italy due to national and EU policies on eco-sustainability and energy saving. Knowledge of the durability of the building envelope elements, generally made with dry assembled stratified systems, is still insufficient. The paper presents the first results of a durability evaluation of multilayer timber panel applied to Platform Frame System buildings, focusing on the variation of energy performance over time. The case study describes the construction of two single-family houses in the municipality of San Cataldo (Sicily, Italy). The used timber multilayer panel presents a stratigraphy suitable for climatic characteristics and is made of a lamellar spruce frame inside which rock wool insulation panels are laid and stiffened on both sides by OSB panels (Oriented Strand Board). The test methodology adopted is described in the ISO 15686 and based on the comparison between on-site monitoring data and data from laboratory tests of accelerated aging in climatic chamber. The selected parameters to be measured were: surface colour and thermal transmittance. The surface colour was also monitored during 2 years of exposition to natural agents, comparing the results to those of laboratory monitoring, thus obtaining the corresponding time rescaling for different facades, showing the best results for W, S and N ones. Theoretical thermal conductivity calculation was verified with laboratory data on representative samples of the real system by standardized methodology before accelerated aging. Thermal performance variations were assessed due to artificial aging inside climatic chamber, identifying the most deteriorating functional materials and layers and their influence on energy performance.
Study on the Induction Quenching Process and Fatigue Testing for Cr-Mo Steel Ball Screw
Authors: Ding Xia , Gai Yu Hong , Li Bao Min , Li Mu Sen
Published: March 2018

Due to the deficiencies such as shallow hardened layer and short fatigue life of the ball screws treated by the traditional induction quenching process, a new process has been developed. The new induction quenching process has four-turn induction coil. The power of the this process is 150-160kw, feeding speed 270mm/min and the spraying cooling water distance is 35mm. It has been successfully used on the Cr-Mo steel ball screw with a diameter of 80 mm. The microstructure and hardness distribution of the induction hardened layers were investigated by a metallographic microscope and a micro-hardness apparatus. The fatigue life of the ball screw was measured through a constant stress accelerated fatigue test. The degree of fatigue wear on the raceway of the ball screw was analyzed by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The experimental results showed that the microstructure and hardness distribution of the hardened layer of the Cr-Mo steel ball screw could satisfy the design requirements of contact fatigue resistance. The fatigue life was longer than the theoretical service life and there was no obvious fatigue wear on the raceway after the fatigue testing. It shows that the safety and reliability of the Cr-Mo steel ball screw fabricated through the new induction quenching process could be guaranteed in practical application.