bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: C‐C Bond Cleavage in the Oxidation of 2‐Hydroxyoxathiane S,S‐Dioxide and 2,2′‐Sulfanediyldiethanol S,S‐Dioxide.
Authors: HAMMAD N. , SUTHERLAND A. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Electrochemical Mono‐ and Polysilylation of Halothiophenes.
Authors: DEFFIEUX D. , BONAFOUX D. , BRODEAU M. , BIRAN C. , DUNOGUES J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Alkoxy Substituted Phenethylamine Analogues (VI) and (XI).
Authors: ZAPONAKIS G. , KATERINOPOULOS H. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Enamides. Part 5. A Novel Pathway for Photochemical Reaction of N‐1‐cyclohexenyl‐N‐phenylarylamides.
Authors: GHOSH S. , NANDI B. , SAIMA Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Diphenylpropane‐1,3‐diamines. Part 8. Reactions of Lithiated Oximes and Oxime Ethers with C=N‐Electrophiles.
Authors: KAISER A. , WIEGREBE W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins Catalyzed by Novel Manganese‐Picolinamide‐Salicylidene Complexes.
Authors: ZHAO S.‐H. , ORTIZ P. R. , KEYS B. A. , DAVENPORT K. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 3,4‐Epoxy‐2‐methylene Oxolanes: Highly Diastereoselective Electrophilic Additions.
Authors: DALLA V. , PALE P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Dienediaminoketones of Indolin‐3‐ one and Pyrrolin‐4‐one.
Authors: RYABOVA S. YU. , TROFIMKIN YU. I. , ALEKSEEVA L. M. , KERBNIKOVA I. F. , SHVARTS G. YA. , GRANIK V. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of RPR 107880: A New Non‐Peptide Substance P Antagonist.
Authors: MUTTI S. , DAUBIE C. , DECALOGNE F. , FOURNIER R. , ROSSI P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Aminoalkyl‐Decyanation of 4‐Pyridinecarbonitrile with Imines: A Facile Selective Synthesis of 4‐Pyridinemethanamines.
Authors: ZENG X. , CHEN X. , CAI J. , JIANG X. , GU Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Reaction of Lawesson′s Reagent with 1,8‐Diketones: A Synthesis of Fused 1,4‐Dithiins and Thiophenes.
Authors: OZTURK T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of the Antipsychotic Agent Ziprasidone.
Authors: URBAN F. J. , BREITENBACH R. , GONYAW D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoro Organics: A Facile and Exclusive Synthesis of Novel 2‐ or 4‐ Trifluoromethyl(1H,5)arylodiazepines.
Authors: REDDY A. C. S. , RAO P. S. , VENKATARATNAM R. V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Aziridine Bicyclic System: 6,6‐Diphenyl‐5,7‐dioxa‐6‐ sila‐1‐azabicyclo(7.1.0)decane.
Authors: TRAPENCIERIS P. , KALVINS I. , KUPCE E. , LUKEVICS E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Norephedrine‐Derived Oxazolidines as Chiral Auxiliaries ‐ Stereocontrolled Routes to R or S β‐Hydroxy Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: O'BRIEN P. , WARREN S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of a Sulfur‐Stabilized Radical to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes via Phenyl Selenide Transfer.
Authors: BYERS J. H. , WHITEHEAD C. C. , DUFF M. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereocontrolled Formal Synthesis of rac‐Chokols A and G from a Common gem‐Borazirconocene Intermediate.
Authors: DELOUX L. , SREBNIK M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Effects on Arginase and Nitric Oxide Synthase of Two Novel Analogues of Nω‐Hydroxyarginine, Nω‐ Hydroxyindospicine, and p‐Hydroxyamidinophenylalanine.
Authors: VADON S. , CUSTOT J. , BOUCHER J.‐L. , MANSUY D.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)‐(2S)‐2‐Aminobicyclo(2.2.2)octane‐2‐carboxylic Acid.
Authors: PYNE S. G. , SAFAEI‐G. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Spinaceamines.
Authors: YUTILOV YU. M. , ABRAMYANTS M. G. , SMOLYAR N. N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycarpine Dihydrochloride: A Cytotoxic Dimeric Disulfide Alkaloid from the Indian Ocean Ascidian Polycarpa clavata.
Authors: KANG H. , FENICAL W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation and Structure of Aceropterine, a Rare Pseudopterane Alkaloid from the Caribbean Sea Plume Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Pallas).
Authors: RODRIGUEZ A. D. , SOTO J. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Methylisocytidine Derivatives.
Authors: ABDEL‐RAHMAN A. A.‐H. , PEDERSEN E. B. , NIELSEN C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbocyclic C‐Nucleosides Containing Nonnatural Pyrimidine Bases.
Authors: HILDBRAND S. , LEUMANN C. , SCHEFFOLD R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Juvenile Hormone Bioanalogues Derived from 2‐(4‐ Hydroxybenzyl)‐6‐methylcyclohexanone.
Authors: REJZEK M. , ZAREVUCKA M. , WIMMER Z. , VANEK T. , TYKVA R. , KULDOVA J. , SAMAN D. , BENNETTOVA B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of the Left‐Hand Subunit of Milbemycin β3 Using a Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: MARKO I. E. , MURPHY F. , DOLAN S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the Spiroketal‐Macrolide Ossamycin.
Authors: KIRST H. , MYNDERSE J. S. , MARTIN J. W. , BAKER P. J. , PASCHAL J. W. , RIOS STEINER J. L. , LOBKOVSKY E. , CLARDY J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Structure‐Activity Relationship of C‐2 Triazolylthio‐ and Pyridinylmethylthio‐carbapenems (I).
Authors: FIAKPUI C. , THOMAS G. , SINGH M. P. , MICETICH R. G. , SINGH R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Phenoxan and a Related Pyrone Derivative.
Authors: ISHIBASHI Y. , OHBA S. , NISHIYAMA S. , YAMAMURA S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Antibacterial Activity Relationships of a Number of Fluoroquinolones
Authors: MOKRUSHINA G. A. , CHARUSHIN V. N. , CHUPAKHIN O. N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopropanes
Authors: REISSIG H.‐U.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Drugs Involving the Concepts and Theories of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: SMITH D. A. , JONES B. C. , WALKER D. K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Critical role for IL‐21 in both primary and memory anti‐viral CD8+ T‐cell responses
Authors: Barker Brianne R. , Gladstone Michael N. , Gillard Geoffrey O. , Panas Michael W. , Letvin Norman L.
Published: September 2010

While it is well established that CD8+ T cells generated in the absence of CD4+ T cells mediate defective recall responses, the mechanism by which CD4+ T cells confer help in the generation of CD8+ T‐cell responses remains poorly understood. To determine whether CD4+ T‐cell‐derived IL‐21 is an important regulator of CD8+ T‐cell responses in help‐dependent and ‐independent viral infections, we examined these responses in the IL‐21Rα−/− mouse model. We show that IL‐21 has a role in primary CD8+ T‐cell responses and in recall CD8+ T‐cell responses in help‐dependent viral infections. This effect is due to a direct action of IL‐21 in enhancing the proliferation of virus‐specific CD8+ T cells and reducing their TRAIL expression. These findings indicate that IL‐21 is an important mediator of CD4+ T‐cell help to CD8+ T cells.
Developmental progression of fetal HEB−/− precursors to the pre‐T‐cell stage is restored by HEBAlt
Authors: Braunstein Marsela , Anderson Michele K.
Published: September 2010

Gene knockout studies have shown that the E‐protein transcription factor HEB is required for normal thymocyte development. We have identified a unique form of HEB, called HEBAlt, which is expressed only during the early stages of T‐cell development, whereas HEBCan is expressed throughout T‐cell development. Here, we show that HEB−/− precursors are inhibited at the β‐selection checkpoint of T‐cell development due to impaired expression of pTα and function of CD3ε, both of which are necessary for pre‐TCR signaling. Transgenic expression of HEBAlt in HEB−/− precursors, however, upregulated pTα and allowed development to CD4+CD8+ stage in fetal thymocytes. Moreover, HEBAlt did overcome the CD3ε signaling defect in HEB−/−Rag‐1−/− thymocytes. The HEBAlt transgene did not permit Rag‐1−/− precursors to bypass β‐selection, indicating that it was not acting as a dominant negative inhibitor of other E‐proteins. Therefore, our results provide the first mechanistic evidence that HEBAlt plays a critical role in early T‐cell development and show that it can collaborate with fetal thymic stromal elements to create a regulatory environment that supports T‐cell development past the β‐selection checkpoint.
Does ‘Wanting the Best’ create more stress? The link between baby sign classes and maternal anxiety
Authors: Howlett Neil , Kirk Elizabeth , Pine Karen J.
Published: September 2010

This study investigated whether gesturing classes (baby sign) affected parental frustration and stress, as advertised by many commercial products. The participants were 178 mother–infant dyads, divided into a gesture group (n=89) and a non‐gesture group (n=89), based on whether they had attended baby sign classes or not. Mothers completed a background demographics questionnaire and the Parenting Stress Index. Gesturing mothers had higher total stress scores, with higher scores on the child domain, despite having similar backgrounds to non‐gesturing mothers. There was no relationship between the frequency or duration of gesture use and stress scores. It is suggested that gesturing mothers had higher pre‐existing stress and were attracted to gesture classes because of the promoted benefits, which include stress reduction, although class attendance did not alleviate their stress. The possibility that attending gesturing classes made mothers view their infant in a more negative way, due to their heightened expectations not being met, is also discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospitalist time usage and cyclicality: Opportunities to improve efficiency
Authors: Kim Christopher S. , Lovejoy William , Paulsen Michael , Chang Robert , Flanders Scott A.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Academic medical centers (AMCs) have a constrained resident work force. Many AMCs have increased the use of nonresident service hospitalists to manage continued growth in clinical volume. To optimize their time in the hospital, it is important to understand hospitalists' work flow.

DESIGN:

We performed a time‐motion study of hospitalists carrying the admission pager throughout the 3 types of shifts we have at our hospital (day shift, swing shift, and night shift).

SETTING:

Tertiary academic medical center in the Midwest.

RESULTS:

Hospitalists spend about 15% of their time on direct patient care, and two‐thirds of their time on indirect patient care. Of the indirect activities, communication and documentation dominate. Travel demands make up over 7% of a hospitalists' time. There are spikes in indirect patient care, followed closely by spikes in direct patient care, at shift changes.

CONCLUSIONS:

At our AMC, indirect patient care activities accounted for the majority of the admitting hospitalists' time spent in the hospital, with documentation and communication dominating this time. Travel takes a significant fraction of hospitalists' time. There is also a cyclical nature to activities performed throughout the day, which can cause patient delays and impose variability on support services. There is a need for both service‐specific and systemic improvements for AMCs to efficiently manage further growth in their inpatient volume. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:329–334. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Where did the day go?—A time‐motion study of hospitalists
Authors: Tipping Matthew D. , Forth Victoria E. , O'Leary Kevin J. , Malkenson David M. , Magill David B. , Englert Kate , Williams Mark V.
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:

Within the last decade hospitalists have become an integral part of inpatient care in the United States and now care for about half of all Medicare patients requiring hospitalization. However, little data exists describing hospitalist workflow and their activities in daily patient care.

OBJECTIVE:

To clarify how hospitalists spend their time and how patient volumes affect their workflow.

DESIGN:

Observers continuously shadowed each of 24 hospitalists for two complete shifts. Observations were recorded using a handheld computer device with customized data collection software.

SETTING:

Urban, tertiary care, academic medical center.

RESULTS:

Hospitalists spent 17% of their time on direct patient contact, and 64% on indirect patient care. For 16% of all time recorded, more than one activity was occurring simultaneously (i.e., multitasking). Professional development, personal time, and travel each accounted for about 6% of their time. Communication and electronic medical record (EMR) use, two components of indirect care, occupied 25% and 34% of recorded time respectively. Hospitalists with above average patient loads spent less time per patient communicating with others and working with the EMR than those hospitalists with below average patient loads, but reported delaying documentation until later in the evening or next day. Patient load did not change the amount of time hospitalists spent with each patient.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hospitalists spend more time reviewing the EMR and documenting in it, than directly with the patient. Multi‐tasking occurred frequently and occupied a significant portion of each shift. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:323–328. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Comparing academic and community‐based hospitalists
Authors: Malkenson David , Siegal Eric M. , Leff Jared A. , Weber Rachel , Struck Rhonda
Published: September 2010

In 2006, hospitalist programs were formally introduced at both an academic and community hospital in the same city providing an opportunity to study the similarities and differences in workflows in these two settings. The data were collected using a time‐flow methodology allowing the two workflows to be compared quantitatively. The results showed that the hospitalists in the two settings devoted similar proportions of their workday to the task categories studied. Most of the time was spent providing indirect patient care followed by direct patient care, travel, personal, and other. However, after adjusting for patient volumes, the data revealed that academic hospitalists spent significantly more time per patient providing indirect patient care (Academic: 54.7 ± 11.1 min/patient, Community: 41.9 ± 9.8 min/patient, p < 0.001). Additionally, we found that nearly half of the hospitalists' time at both settings was spent multitasking. Although we found subtle workflow differences between the academic and community programs, their similarities were more striking as well as greater than their differences. We attribute these small differences to the higher case mix index at the academic program as well greater complexity and additional communication hand‐offs inherent to a tertiary academic medical center. It appears that hospitalists, irrespective of their work environment, spend far more time documenting, communicating and coordinating care than they do at the bedside raising the question, is this is a necessary feature of the hospitalist care model or should hospitalists restructure their workflow to improve outcomes? Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:349–352. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Complex mixture analysis of organic compounds in green coffee bean extract by two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wei Feifei , Furihata Kazuo , Hu Fangyu , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru
Published: September 2010

A complex mixture analysis by one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was carried out for the first time for the identification and quantification of organic compounds in green coffee bean extract (GCBE). A combination of 1H1H DQF‐COSY, 1H13C HSQC, and 1H13C CT‐HMBC two‐dimensional sequences was used, and 16 compounds were identified. In particular, three isomers of caffeoylquinic acid were identified in the complex mixture without any separation. In addition, GCBE components were quantified by the integration of carbon signals by use of a relaxation reagent and an inverse‐gated decoupling method without a nuclear Overhauser effect. This NMR methodology provides detailed information about the kinds and amounts of GCBE components, and in our study, the chemical makeup of GCBE was clarified by the NMR results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronous acquisition of hyperpolarised 3He and 1H MR images of the lungs – maximising mutual anatomical and functional information
Authors: Wild Jim M. , Ajraoui Salma , Deppe Martin H. , Parnell Steven R. , Marshall Helen , Parra‐Robles Juan , Ireland Rob H.
Published: September 2010

The development of hybrid medical imaging scanners has allowed imaging with different detection modalities at the same time, providing different anatomical and functional information within the same physiological time course with the patient in the same position. Until now, the acquisition of proton MRI of lung anatomy and hyperpolarised gas MRI of lung function required separate breath‐hold examinations, meaning that the images were not spatially registered or temporally synchronised. We demonstrate the spatially registered concurrent acquisition of lung images from two different nuclei in vivo. The temporal and spatial registration of these images is demonstrated by a high degree of mutual consistency that is impossible to achieve in separate scans and breath holds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI of stroke using hyperpolarized 129Xe
Authors: Zhou Xin , Sun Yanping , Mazzanti Mary , Henninger Nils , Mansour Joey , Fisher Marc , Albert Mitchell
Published: September 2010

Because there is no background signal from xenon in biological tissue, and because inhaled xenon is delivered to the brain by blood flow, we would expect a perfusion deficit, such as is seen in stroke, to reduce the xenon concentration in the region of the deficit. Thermal polarization yields negligible xenon signal relative to hyperpolarized xenon; therefore, hyperpolarized xenon can be used as a tracer of cerebral blood flow. Using a rat permanent right middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we demonstrated that hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI is able to detect, in vivo, the hypoperfused area of focal cerebral ischemia, that is the ischemic core area of stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI has been used to explore normal and abnormal cerebral perfusion. Our study shows a novel application of hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI for imaging stroke, and further demonstrates its capacity to serve as a complementary tool to proton MRI for the study of the pathophysiology during brain hypoperfusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI of retinal and choroidal blood flow with laminar resolution
Authors: Muir Eric R. , Duong Timothy Q.
Published: September 2010

The retina is nourished by two distinct circulations: the retinal vessels within the inner retina and the choroidal vessels behind the neural retina. The outer nuclear layer and the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors in between are avascular. The aim of this study was to determine whether arterial spin labeling MRI could provide sufficient resolution to differentiate between quantitative retinal blood flow (rBF) and choroidal blood flow (chBF), and whether this technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect vascular‐specific blood flow (BF) changes modulated by anesthetics. Arterial spin labeling MRI was performed at 42 × 42 × 400 µm3 in the mouse retina at 7 T, and was used to investigate the effects of isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia on rBF and chBF. MRI yielded unambiguous differentiation of rBF, chBF and the avascular layer in between. Under isoflurane, chBF was 7.7 ± 2.1 mL/g/min and rBF was 1.3 ± 0.44 mL/g/min (mean ± SD, n = 7, p < 0.01). Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in the same animals, chBF was 4.3 ± 1.9 mL/g/min and rBF was 0.88 ± 0.22 mL/g/min (p < 0.01). Under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, rBF was lower by 29% (P < 0.01) and chBF by 42% (P < 0.01) relative to isoflurane. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the quantitative imaging of rBF and chBF in vivo, providing a new method to study basal values and alterations of rBF and chBF. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The photoinduced reaction of 2‐iodothiophene in solutions of n‐heptane, dichloromethane and methanol
Authors: Herrera O. S. , Nieto J. D. , Olleta A. C. , Lane S. I.
Published: September 2010

The photoinduced reaction of 2‐iodothiophene in n‐heptane, dichloromethane and methanol was studied at room temperature from experiments carried out with degassed solutions. The photoproducts of the reaction were mainly thiophene and small amounts of iodine in all three solvents used. The concentration of 2‐iodothiophene decreases throughout photolysis, following a first‐order rate law and the pseudo‐first‐order rate constants were determined in the three solvents used. The photochemistry of the system was quantified determining the quantum yields of 2‐iodothiophene consumption and thiophene formation in n‐heptane solutions. The results show that under the experimental conditions of this research, products deriving only from the reaction of the thienyl radical were observed. To support the experimental results, calculations were performed of the ionization potential of the thienyl radical, electron affinity of the iodine atom and free energy of solvation of the corresponding iodide and carbocation in the different solvents used. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial of a telephone‐delivered problem‐solving–occupational therapy intervention to reduce participation restrictions in rural breast cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Hegel Mark T. , Lyons Kathleen D. , Hull Jay G. , Kaufman Peter , Urquhart Laura , Li Zhongze , Ahles Tim A.
Published: September 2010

Objective: Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy often experience functional effects of treatment that limit participation in life activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a novel intervention for these restrictions, determine acceptability of the intervention, and preliminarily assess its effects.

Methods: A pilot RCT of a telephone‐delivered Problem‐solving and Occupational Therapy intervention (PST‐OT) to improve participation restrictions in rural breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Thirty‐one participants with Stages 1–3 breast cancer were randomized to 6 weekly sessions of PST‐OT (n= 15) and usual care (n= 16). The primary study outcome was the feasibility of conducting the trial. Secondary outcomes were functional, quality of life and emotional status as assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks.

Results: Of 46 patients referred 31 were enrolled (67% recruitment rate), of which 6 participants withdrew (81% retention rate). Twenty‐four participants completed all study‐related assessments (77%). Ninety‐two percent of PST‐OT participants were highly satisfied with the intervention, and 92% reported PST‐OT to be helpful/very helpful for overcoming participation restrictions. Ninety‐seven percent of planned PST‐OT treatment sessions were completed. Completion rates for PST‐OT homework tasks were high. Measures of functioning, quality of life, and emotional state favored the PST‐OT condition.

Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that an RCT of the PST‐OT intervention is feasible to conduct with rural breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy and that PST‐OT may have positive effects on function, quality of life, and emotional state. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatigue and its correlates in cancer patients who had returned to work—a cohort study
Authors: Taskila T. , de Boer A. G. E. M. , van Dijk F. J. H. , Verbeek J. H. A. M.
Published: September 2010

Objectives: Fatigue and other symptoms in cancer patients often interfere with social and occupational activities. Only a few studies, however, have examined relationship between fatigue and work‐related outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate which disease‐related factors (treatment, diagnosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression, pain, and sleep disturbance) and work‐related factors (work‐load, work pressure, relationship to supervisor and colleagues, size of the company, and workplace accommodations) were related to fatigue in employed cancer survivors.

Methods: Data was collected by questionnaire at 6 months (baseline) and 18 months (end of the follow‐up) after cancer diagnosis from 135 people with different types of cancer who had returned to work at follow‐up. Fatigue was measured with a four‐item sub‐scale of MFI. Scores ranged from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating more fatigue.

Results: The mean rate of general fatigue was 11.9 at baseline decreasing to 10.4 at the end of the follow‐up (p<0.0001). At 6 months, higher work pressure (p = 0.02), physical workload (p<0.05) and less workplace accommodations (p = 0.03) were related to higher levels of fatigue. From disease‐related factors, depression was associated with fatigue (p<0.0001) at baseline. Lack of workplace accommodations was the only factor affecting higher levels of fatigue at 18 months (p<0.001) and was also related to higher levels of depression at 6 months (p = 0.02) and at 18 months (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Lack of workplace accommodations was significantly related to fatigue at the end of the follow‐up, which suggests that accommodations for illness can help to reduce fatigue and depression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring the allyl ester deprotection by HR MAS NMR in BAL‐solid phase peptide synthesis
Authors: Duchène T. , Mihai C. , Willem R. , Tourwé D.
Published: September 2010

The backbone amide linker strategy, in which the growing peptide chain is anchored to a solid support via a backbone amide nitrogen, has proven to be successful for the synthesis of cyclic peptides. Optimisation of the reaction conditions for the synthesis of c(Gly‐Trp‐βAla‐Phe) could be accomplished by the help of high resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) NMR and the results are presented here. Signal vanishing of HR MAS NMR resonances were encountered and proven to be originated from interchain aggregations of peptide chains. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical phonon dispersion of armchair and metallic zigzag carbon nanotubes beyond the adiabatic approximation
Authors: Popov Valentin N. , Lambin Philippe
Published: September 2010

The dynamic corrections to the phonon dispersion of armchair and metallic zigzag carbon nanotubes are studied systematically within a non‐orthogonal tight‐binding model. These corrections were found to be important in the vicinity of the Kohn anomaly of the phonon dispersion at two points of the Brillouin zone. The first point is the zone‐centre and the dynamic corrections are large for the longitudinal optical phonons, which give rise to the G−‐band in the Raman spectra. The obtained frequencies of these phonons for a large number of metallic nanotubes are in good agreement with previous estimations and available experimental data. The second point is inside the zone for armchair nanotubes and at the zone centre for zigzag nanotubes. In this case, the dynamic effects are also studied and discussed in view of their importance for modelling of double‐resonance scattering processes.
Electron spin resonance investigation of undoped and Li‐doped CdWO4 scintillator crystals
Authors: Buryi M. , Laguta V. V. , Hybler J. , Nikl M. , Rosa J.
Published: September 2010

Electron spin resonance spectra were studied in the nominally pure and 0.05% Li‐doped single crystals of CdWO4. The measurements revealed the presence of Fe3+ ions in the undoped crystal and Mn2+ ions in the Li‐doped crystal with concentrations of about 20–70 ppm. The zero‐field splitting parameters are determined with a high precision for both accidental impurities: (i) Fe3+: $b_{2}^{0} = {-} 0.7567(10)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $, $b_{2}^{2} = 0.3150(10)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $ and (ii) Mn2+: $b_{2}^{0} = {-} 0.1799(10)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $, $b_{2}^{2} = 0.1445(20)\;{\rm cm}^{{-} 1} $. They are in a good agreement with the early data for Mn2+ [R.E. Donovan and A.A. Vuylsteke, Phys. Rev. 127, 76 (1962)] but differ by about 5% in the case of Fe3+ [Z. Šroubek and K. Ždansky, Czech. J. Phys. B 12, 784 (1962)]. We have found that the Li+ doping essentially influences the charge balance in the lattice. The results suggest that the Li doping restores the ionic charges of iron and manganese to 2+, conventional for CdWO4 lattice, diminishing thus their participiation in photoinduced processes.
Growth and coalescence behavior of semipolar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ GaN on pre‐structured r‐plane sapphire substrates
Authors: Schwaiger Stephan , Metzner Sebastian , Wunderer Thomas , Argut Ilona , Thalmair Johannes , Lipski Frank , Wieneke Matthias , Bläsing Jürgen , Bertram Frank , Zweck Josef , Krost Alois , Christen Jürgen , Scholz Ferdinand
Published: September 2010

Semipolar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ oriented GaN has been grown on a pre‐structured r‐plane sapphire substrate. By using silicon doped marker layers (MLs) we have been able to monitor the growth evolution of the stripes until coalescence. With that technique we correlated the growth type (direction) with the results of cathodoluminescence (CL) and transmission electron microscopy. Both characterization methods show only a few defects for the major part of the structure and a relatively high defect density for material grown in a‐direction at one side of the stripes. It is shown that during coalescence these defects are mainly terminated resulting in a flat, planar $(11{\bar {2}}2)$ GaN layer with strongly reduced defect density. Additionally, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show the high quality of these layers.
Determination of cystathionine beta‐synthase activity in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS: potential use in diagnosis of CBS deficiency
Authors: Krijt Jakub , Kopecká Jana , Hnízda Aleš , Moat Stuart , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , Mayne Philip , Kožich Viktor
Published: September 2010

Cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) deficiency is usually confirmed by assaying the enzyme activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. We investigated whether CBS is present in human plasma and whether determination of its activity in plasma could be used for diagnostic purposes. We developed an assay to measure CBS activity in 20 μL of plasma using a stable isotope substrate – 2,3,3‐2H serine. The activity was determined by measurement of the product of enzyme reaction, 3,3‐2H‐cystathionine, using LC‐MS/MS. The median enzyme activity in control plasma samples was 404 nmol/h/L (range 66–1,066; n = 57). In pyridoxine nonresponsive CBS deficient patients, the median plasma activity was 0 nmol/ho/L (range 0–9; n = 26), while in pyridoxine responsive patients the median activity was 16 nmol/hour/L (range 0–358; n = 28); this overlapped with the enzyme activity from control subject. The presence of CBS in human plasma was confirmed by an in silico search of the proteome database, and was further evidenced by the activation of CBS by S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine and pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate, and by configuration of the detected reaction product, 3,3‐2H‐cystathionine, which was in agreement with the previously observed CBS reaction mechanism. We hypothesize that the CBS enzyme in plasma originates from liver cells, as the plasma CBS activities in patients with elevated liver aminotransferase activities were more than 30‐fold increased. In this study, we have demonstrated that CBS is present in human plasma and that its catalytic activity is detectable by LC‐MS/MS. CBS assay in human plasma brings new possibilities in the diagnosis of pyridoxine nonresponsive CBS deficiency.
Effects ofLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM on insulin sensitivity and the systemic inflammatory response in human subjects
Authors: Andreasen Anne Sofie , Larsen Nadja , Pedersen-Skovsgaard Theis , Berg Ronan M. G. , Møller Kirsten , Svendsen Kira Dynnes , Jakobsen Mogens , Pedersen Bente Klarlund
Published: September 2010

According to animal studies, intake of probiotic bacteria may improve glucose homeostasis. We hypothesised that probiotic bacteria improve insulin sensitivity by attenuating systemic inflammation. Therefore, the effects of oral supplementation with the probiotic bacteriumLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM on insulin sensitivity and the inflammatory response were investigated in subjects with normal or impaired insulin sensitivity. In a double-blinded, randomised fashion, forty-five males with type 2 diabetes, impaired or normal glucose tolerance were enrolled and allocated to a 4-week treatment course with eitherL. acidophilusNCFM or placebo.L. acidophiluswas detected in stool samples by denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis and real-time PCR. Separated by the 4-week intervention period, two hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps were performed to estimate insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the systemic inflammatory response was evaluated by subjecting the participants toEscherichia colilipopolysaccharide injection (0·3 ng/kg) before and after the treatment course.L. acidophilusNCFM was detected in 75 % of the faecal samples after treatment with the probiotic bacterium. Insulin sensitivity was preserved among volunteers in theL. acidophilusNCFM group, whereas it decreased in the placebo group. Both baseline inflammatory markers and the systemic inflammatory response were, however, unaffected by the intervention. In conclusion, intake ofL. acidophilusNCFM for 4 weeks preserved insulin sensitivity compared with placebo, but did not affect the systemic inflammatory response.
Pensions and Retirement Among Black Union Army Veterans
Authors: Costa Dora L.
Published: September 2010

I examine the effects of an unearned income transfer on the retirement rates and living arrangements of black Union Army veterans. I find that blacks were more than twice as responsive as whites to income transfers in their retirement decisions and 6 to 8 times as responsive in their choice of independent living arrangements. My findings have implications for understanding racial differences in rates of retirement and independent living at the beginning of the twentieth century, the rise in retirement prior to 1930, and the subsequent convergence in black-white retirement rates and living arrangements.
Riding the Wave of Trade: The Rise of Labor Regulation in the Golden Age of Globalization
Authors: Huberman Michael , Meissner Christopher M.
Published: September 2010

The received view pins the adoption of labor regulation before 1914 on domestic forces. Using directed dyad-year event history analysis, we find that trade was also a pathway of diffusion. Market access served as an important instrument to encourage the diffusion of labor regulation. The type of trade mattered as much as the volume. In the European core, states emulated the labor regulation of partners because intra-industry trade was important. The New World exported less differentiated products and pressures to imitate were weak.
Work-Family Conflict as a Cause for Turnover Intentions in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Blomme Robert J. , Van Rheede Arjan , Tromp Debbie M.
Published: September 2010

This study examines the work-family conflict approach to the turnover intentions of highly educated employees within the hospitality industry. The purpose was to investigate the relation between workplace flexibility, organizational support, work-family conflict and the intention to leave among highly educated male and female employees working in the hospitality industry. The research study conducted among this specific group worldwide provided a corpus of 247 respondents. The results show that work-family conflict and organizational support can explain a substantial amount of variance among highly educated employees regarding their intention to leave an organization. This study also found that for men work-family conflict could be explained by lack of organizational support, while for women work-family conflict could be explained both by dissatisfaction with workplace flexibility and lack of organizational support. In addition, with regard to women, the study has shown that organizational support has a moderating effect on the relation between workplace flexibility and work-family conflict. This study suggests that maintaining a good organizational climate and offering the possibility of flexible work hours to improve the balance between work and family are important factors when it comes to retaining highly educated staff.
Endogenous HMGB1 regulates autophagy
Authors: Tang Daolin , Kang Rui , Livesey Kristen M. , Cheh Chun-Wei , Farkas Adam , Loughran Patricia , Hoppe George , Bianchi Marco E. , Tracey Kevin J. , Zeh Herbert J. , Lotze Michael T.
Published: September 2010

Autophagy clears long-lived proteins and dysfunctional organelles and generates substrates for adenosine triphosphate production during periods of starvation and other types of cellular stress. Here we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is a critical regulator of autophagy. Stimuli that enhance reactive oxygen species promote cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 and thereby enhance autophagic flux. HMGB1 directly interacts with the autophagy protein Beclin1 displacing Bcl-2. Mutation of cysteine 106 (C106), but not the vicinal C23 and C45, of HMGB1 promotes cytosolic localization and sustained autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation by agents such as ethyl pyruvate limits starvation-induced autophagy. Moreover, the intramolecular disulfide bridge (C23/45) of HMGB1 is required for binding to Beclin1 and sustaining autophagy. Thus, endogenous HMGB1 is a critical pro-autophagic protein that enhances cell survival and limits programmed apoptotic cell death.