bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When municipalities become larger: the short-term and more long-term consequences for local democracy
Authors: Hansen Sune Welling , Hjelmar Ulf
Published: March 2022

We examine the relationship between the size of a local political system and the state of the local democracy in the system, using the 2007 Danish municipal mergers as a quasi-experiment. Our study is informed by a number of recent studies that use the same approach. We make two contributions to this literature: We examine a broad set of dimensions in the state of the local democracy, and we examine both the short-term consequences (two years after their implementation) and the more long-term consequences (six years after) of the increases in municipal size created by the mergers, although the latter results should be interpreted cautiously. Our analyses show that citizens’ assessments of their local democracy are very robust to changes in municipal size and only on a few dimensions do we find supporting evidence for systematic changes in the short term and the longer term.
Erik Rasmussen, Niels Bohr og værdirelativismen: svar til Ougaard
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper
Published: March 2022

Morten Ougaard mener, det er en væsentlig mangel ved min bog, Erik Rasmussen, at den ignorerer Rasmussens syn på Bohrs komplementaritetsbegreb og dets relevans for politologi. Som svar herpå argumenterer jeg for, at Ougaards tre eksempler på en sådan relevans – spørgsmålene om mikro-makroanalyse, kausal determination versus fri vilje og den videnskabelige værdirelativisme – ikke godtgør dettes relevans.
Anmeldelse af Theory of Unipolar Politics
Authors: Rynning Sten
Published: March 2022

Nuno P. Monteiro, Theory of Unipolar Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014 (anmeldt af Sten Rynning)
Co-determination as a road to goal commitment: managing Danish high schools
Authors: Staniok Camilla Denager
Published: March 2022

Goal-setting initiatives have become an integrated part of managing public organizations in Denmark. The purpose is often to align employee effort with managerial goal prioritization and to motivate all employees to work in the same direction. This is particularly important in public organizations where employees are met with multiple and conflicting performance demands. The question is, though, how managers can ensure that employees are committing to the same goal as the managers prioritize? Employee co-determination has a potential to foster and direct employees’ goal commitment by increasing the dialogue between managers and employees and by legitimizing managers’ goal prioritization. The role of co-determination has so far been neglected in studies of goal-setting initiatives. In this article a qualitative study of ten managers and employees provides a nuanced picture of what co-determination means in the Danish educational sector, and analyses of two parallel surveys of 73 principals and 1353 teachers show that employee co-determination has a significant positive effect on the association between principals’ prioritization of high school completion rates and the teachers’ commitment to this goal.
Distributed leadership in public service organizations
Authors: Jakobsen Mads Leth Felsager , Kjeldsen Anne Mette , Pallesen Thomas
Published: March 2022

During the past two decades there has been increased interest in collective or distributed forms of leadership within generic leadership theory and organizational psychology. “Distributed leadership” describes the sharing of leadership tasks between employees and managers with the aim to influence decision making, resource availability, and goal setting within an organization. This article introduces the concept of distributed leadership to the public administration literature and empirically examines the relevance of this leadership constellation for different public organization performance measures. Using survey and archival data collected at one of Denmark’s largest public hospitals, the analysis shows that hospital wards with high levels of distributed leadership also have employees who are more satisfied and innovative and who report higher levels of performance. Moreover, distributed leadership seems to be positively related with lower sickness absence among hospital employees. This indicates that distributed leadership is a relevant leadership constellation in public service producing organizations.
The political economy of European cartel regulation
Authors: Buch-Hansen Hubert
Published: March 2022

For many years, cartels were considered a natural and legitimate way of organizing markets throughout Europe. In the past few decades, however, a paradigm shift in the regulatory approach to cartels has taken place, both at national and EU level. This shift is for instance reflected in the increasingly tough sanctions imposed on cartel participants. The article adopts a critical political economy perspective on European cartel regulation and divides its development into two phases; as part of a ”regulated” form of capitalism and as an element in a neoliberal form of capitalism. The paradigm shift is mapped with examples from the EC/EU, Denmark and other European countries and explained with reference to changes in power relations, social structures and accumulation and prevailing ideas. Finally, the article asks whether there are signs that the economic crisis in the wake of the financial crisis in 2008 will cause a new shift in the way cartels are regulated in Europe.
Is ministers’ use of spin-strategies effective or not?
Authors: Knudsen Søren Bøllingtoft
Published: March 2022

Hoping to maintain political power, governments rely on their ministers’ ability to play the political game. A key part of this is the blame game in which ministers employ different spin strategies. The question is what strategies they employ and how effective these strategies are? The article compares six Danish ministers’ use of spin strategies based on content coding of 1412 articles from the Danish newspaper Politiken. Generally, the use of spin strategies has not changed significantly over the past 20 years. The most effective way to handle critique is to employ one single spin strategy, the second-best strategy is passivity, and the worst a minister can do to avoid blame is to employ a combination of spin strategies. Finally, quick and slow responses are equally good/bad.
Myth and reality about civil servants’ duty of obedience and the distinction between illegal and clearly illegal decisions
Authors: Fenger Niels , Gram Mette Kryger
Published: March 2022

In recent years’ debate on the interaction between ministers and civil servants, it has been argued that the obligation of civil servants to keep within the law is in fact hollow, since the current rules allow the government to get away with just about anything, as long as the actions are not clearly illegal. This article seeks to explain why Danish law distinguishes between illegal and clearly illegal orders, and when this distinction is relevant. It is the authors’ opinion that the criterion of clarity does not undermine the principle of a legally bound public administration that has a duty to speak the truth and act in accordance with the law.
Tensions in the political-administrative system: Experiences from Norway
Authors: Kolltveit Kristoffer
Published: March 2022

The Bo Smith report suggests various changes to make the Danish political-administrative system better adapted to new demands in society. In this article, several of these changes are considered in light of experience from Norway. Denmark and Norway share a common heritage, but their systems have developed somewhat differently, not least when it comes to the number and function of political appointees in ministries. The article first describes the political-administrative system in Norway before considering the various proposals. The Bo Smith report does not suggest introducing more political appointees in Danish ministries. The article argues, however, that a strengthening of the political layer together with written guidelines might make it easier for civil servants to act party politically neutral.
Danskernes klassebevidsthed 1954 og 2015: Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose
Authors: Stubager Rune
Published: March 2022

Over de senere år har der i såvel videnskabelige kredse som i den bredere offentlighed bredt sig en opfattelse af, at befolkningerne i vestlige lande som Danmark ikke længere ser samfundet som klasseopdelt eller i det hele taget kan forholde sig til begrebet “klasse” – det er blevet irrelevant for dem. Med udgangspunkt i teorier om klassebevidsthed og ved hjælp af Valgundersøgelsen 2015 viser artiklen, at der ikke er hold i denne påstand. Tværtimod mener fx tre ud af fire danskere adspurgt i 2014/15, at samfundet er klassedelt, og betydelige andele giver også udtryk for andre elementer af klassebevidsthed. Resultaterne fra 2014/15 er ydermere – og på trods af store samfundsændringer i den mellemliggende periode – stort set på niveau med svarene i en tilsvarende undersøgelse gennemført i 1954.
Den svenska klassröstningen på reträtt – Gör ett nytt klasschema någon skillnad?
Authors: Vestin Erik , Oskarson Maria
Published: March 2022

I ljuset av observationer av klassröstningens minskande styrka har en del forskare föreslagit rekonstruktioner av klassvariabeln på ett sätt som bättre urskiljer post-industriella trender på arbetsmarknaden. En ledande förespråkare för ett sådant synsätt är Daniel Oesch. I denna artikel jämför vi utvecklingen i klassröstningens styrka i Oeschs klasschema med ett mer traditionellt klasschema på de svenska valundersökningarna 1968-2014. Resultaten visar att schemana ger anmärkningsvärt lika resultat, att Oeschs schema inte fungerar påtagligt bättre för nyare politiska partier, och att utvecklingen i fördelningen av positioner på arbetsmarknaden inte gör särskilt stor skillnad för skattningarna av klassröstningens styrka. Vi diskuterar implikationerna av detta.
New fellow citizens in the Danish welfare state: Do non-western immigrants and their descendants support the core principles and values of the welfare state?
Authors: Breidahl Karen Nielsen
Published: March 2022

To what extent do non-Western immigrants and their descendants support the core principles of the Danish welfare state, and do they support these values to the same extent as ethnic Danes? These questions are examined based on survey data collected in 2014 among the Danish population and the five largest non-Western immigrant groups and their descendants. The article finds that there is overall and strong support for selected core values among the majority in all three groups as regards support for the duty to work, gender equality, state-financed welfare and that the state should increase its efforts for the needy. Within this overall pattern, the results also point out some interesting differences and similarities between non-western immigrants on the one hand and ethnic Danes on the other.
Undersøgelse af uddannelseskløften: Haler børn med indvandrerbaggrund ind på de etnisk danske børn?
Authors: Fallesen Helene Wind
Published: March 2022

Hvorfor eksisterer der en uddannelseskløft mellem etnisk danske børn og børn med indvandrerbaggrund fra ikke-vestlige lande? Og er kløften blevet reduceret over tid? Denne artikel bidrager til den eksisterende danske forskning ved at undersøge, hvad der kan forklare uddannelseskløftens eksistens samt kløftens udvikling over tid. Uddannelseskløften undersøges ved at sammenligne gennemførelsesprocenten på ungdomsuddannelser for børn, der har færdiggjort 9. klasse i 1990 til 2007. Uddannelsesproduktionsfunktionen estimeres som en lineær sandsynlighedsmodel med OLS. Artiklen finder, at uddannelseskløften er blevet reduceret over de seneste 20 år, og at forskelle i familiebaggrund forklarer en stor del af kløften. Yderligere findes en stærk sammenhæng mellem barnets alder på indvandringstidspunktet og uddannelsesmæssig præstation.
Activism with the Nordic “brothers”: Cautious revival after years of decline?
Authors: Olesen Mikkel Runge
Published: March 2022

Danish activism in a Nordic context has suffered many setbacks since the end of the cold war. A central supplement strategy to the dominant Danish foreign and security policy in NATO during the cold war, Danish Nordic activism has since lost ground within the military sphere, the diplomatic sphere and the economic sphere. However, recent developments indicate that Danish Nordic activism may now experience a cautious revival, brought about by success with pragmatically focused cooperative projects for example in NORDEFCO and by the diffusion of Nordic ideals to a broader group such as Nordic Plus or within the EU. The NATO and EU divide between the Nordic countries, however, as well as differing national priorities in many different policy areas, still constitute considerable obstacles.
A Danish poverty line? Poverty judgements by students of social work, pedagogy and health services
Authors: Monrad Merete , Ejrnæs Morten , Fuglsang Tine
Published: March 2022

When is a family poor? We examine what factors are emphasized when people judge whether a family is poor or not. The article is based on a factorial survey with 356 respondents who study social work, nursing, nursery teaching and nutrition and health. Based on theories of poverty, we study what aspects of a family’s life situation are accentuated when people judge whether the family is poor or not. The respondents primarily emphasize income in their poverty judgements. Some deprivations also enter into the judgements, while the duration of deprivations, gender and labor market participation have no or minimal significance for the judgements.
Vaccine skepticism, parental autonomy, and freedom of speech
Authors: Thomsen Frej Klem
Published: March 2022

This article sketches the public health problem of insufficient vaccine coverage caused by vaccine skepticism, and argues that liberal states are morally permitted to and should adopt legal restrictions to counter the problem. It first presents an argument for implementing a policy of requiring children to follow the regular vaccine program as a condition of entry to schools and childcare institutions, since this policy is likely to increase vaccine coverage and thereby prevent harm to children. It examines the two most obvious objections to this argument – that such a policy would be impermissibly paternalist, and that it would impermissibly interfere with the prerogative of parents – and finds them both wanting. Next, it presents an argument from equivalence to the effect that vaccine-skeptical misinformation should be exempt from freedom of speech, since it causes harm for reasons similar to conventionally prohibited forms of speech. It then examines five potential morally relevant differences between vaccine-skeptical misinformation and comparable forms of conventionally prohibited speech and argues that none of them constitutes a genuinely relevant difference. The article concludes that barring future plausible arguments to the contrary, both restrictions are permissible and desirable.
At bygge en mur eller en bro: borgernes adfærd i mødet med det offentlige
Authors: Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann , Nielsen Helle Ørsted
Published: March 2022

Et klassisk spørgsmål i politologien er: ”Hvem får hvad, hvornår og hvordan?” (Lasswell, 1936). Vi ved fra implementeringsstudier, at markarbejderne i den offentlige forvaltning har stor indflydelse på fordelingen af offentlige goder, og at deres beslutninger påvirkes af borgernes adfærd i interaktionen. Borgerne har derved også gennem deres tilgang til mødet med det offentlige indirekte betydning for implementeringen af politikker. Vi har imidlertid kun begrænset viden om borgernes adfærd i interaktionen med offentlige myndigheder. Denne artikel søger at tage et første skridt i retning heraf ved at sammenkoble viden om borgeradfærd fra forskellige litteraturer og undersøge, om det er muligt at udvikle et systematisk begrebsapparat for borgeradfærd i samspil med det offentlige. Artiklens empiriske grundlag er en elektronisk survey, der undersøger borgeres adfærd i en række hypotetiske scenarier på tre forvaltningsområder. Den analytiske tilgang er eksplorativ og bruger klyngeanalyser til at identificere adfærdsmønstre. Vi finder, at der er klynger med distinkte adfærdsprofiler på hvert forvaltningsområde, men der er variationer mellem områderne. Vi undersøger endvidere, om klyngerne følger klassiske sociodemografiske karakteristika, hvilket ikke meget tyder på.
Masculinity, power and intersectionality
Authors: Christensen Ann-Dorte
Published: March 2022

Studies on men and masculinity focus on men’s identities and values, and on the normative, accepted cultural practice of being a man in a specific context. This research field has contributed significantly to gender studies and has produced new knowledge, which is useful for the social sciences in general, for instance in terms of understanding processes of social differentiation and political values. Theoretically, studies on men and masculinities have been dominated by the theory of hegemonic masculinity and a focus on patriarchal power structures. The article introduces an intersectional approach as a fruitful alternative in studies of the complexities and ambiguities of gendered identities, inequalities and power structures. The intersectional argument is illustrated by two empirical examples: 1) men as the extreme gender at the top and bottom of society, and 2) new masculinity ideals.
Anmeldelse af The Return of Bipolarity in World Politics: China, the United States, and Geostructural Realism
Authors: Andersen Nikolaj K.
Published: March 2022

Øystein Tunsjø, The Return of Bipolarity in World Politics; China, the United States, and Geostructural Realism. Columbia University Press, 2018 (anmeldt af Nikolaj K. Andersen)
Am I allowed to sell myself and my child?
Authors: Gottlieb Ann Cathrine , Lyngsø Maria Nørgaard
Published: March 2022

Danish legislation seeks to discourage people from becoming prostitutes and surrogate mothers. However, prostitution and surrogacy do not differ in morally relevant respects from comparable professions or practices not restricted by the law. Accordingly, a less restrictive legislation pertaining to prostitution and surrogacy is warranted. A positive side effect of this is to reduce the stigmatization that seems to affect practitioners of both professions.
Self-imposed bureaucracy in municipalities: expedient administration or an unnecessary evil?
Authors: Ejers Niels , Houlberg Kurt , Pedersen Lene Holm
Published: March 2022

Bureaucracy and rules have been subject to criticism for years. The concept ”self-imposed bureaucracy” emphasizes the rules that municipalities themselves have decided and implemented and at the same time plays on the negative images that are typically associated with bureaucracy. The article examines what drives the growth of internal rules in two municipalities and how managers and employees perceive the local rules. The emergence of internal rules is influenced by local conditions such as political attention and the wish to ensure equal treatment of both citizens and employees, but national conditions such as regulation also appear to be important. Contrary to common assumptions about rules in public organizatoins, managers and employees perceive that most rules make a positive contribution to the quality of service.
Arktis: Grønlands strategiske arena for større udenrigspolitisk suverænitet
Authors: Jacobsen Marc
Published: March 2022

Grønlands udenrigspolitiske repræsentanter benytter den store internationale interesse for Arktis til at positionere Grønland som en mere selvstændig udenrigspolitisk aktør. Det er muligt, da Danmark er afhængig af Grønland for at opretholde sin status som ”arktisk stat”, og fordi Grønlands udenrigspolitiske kompetence er åben for fortolkning. Denne artikel analyserer, hvordan repræsentanter for skiftende grønlandske regeringer har udvidet det udenrigspolitiske handlerum ved i diskurs og praksis at styrke Grønlands position i en arktisk kontekst. Det er blandt andet opnået ved 1) højlydt at italesætte utilfredshed i Arktisk Råd, 2) stiltiende symbolske handlinger ved Ilulissat-erklæringens tiårs jubilæum, og 3) ved at mime suverænitet ved Arctic Circle konferencen, der pga. sin mere uformelle struktur er særligt nyttig til at styrke bilaterale internationale relationer.
Should revolving-door lobbyism in Denmark be regulated?
Authors: Blach-Ørsten Mark , Mayerhöffer Eva
Published: March 2022

The revolving door between politics and lobbyism is growing in Denmark without this leading to any new legislation. In several countries, with which Denmark usually compares, similar developments have led to new legislation. The legislation is justified by two general considerations: protection of public trust in the political system and protection of the economic interest of the state. The article describes the rise of revolving-door lobbyism in the Nordic countries and Germany and analyzes recent legislation regulating the revolving door. It is concluded that both public trust and the economic interest of the state are mentioned as arguments for regulation. Against this backdrop, regulation of revolving-door lobbyism in Denmark is discussed.
Policyprofessionelle i danske tænketanke: uddannelse, erhvervserfaring og synlighed i Folketinget og landsdækkende aviser
Authors: Kelstrup Jesper Dahl
Published: March 2022

Hvilken uddannelsesbaggrund og erhvervserfaring har policyprofessionelle i danske tænketanke, og hvordan bidrager de til tænketankenes synlighed i Folketinget og i landsdækkende aviser? Analysen af 126 policyprofessionelle fra ti privatfinansierede tænketanke viser, at tænketankene hovedsageligt ansætter policyprofessionelle med samfundsvidenskabelige universitetsgrader og erhvervserfaring fra stat, interesseorganisationer og den private sektor. Flere advocacytænketanke prioriterer at ansætte økonomer, og andelen af ansatte med en kandidatgrad i økonomi er positivt korreleret med omtale i Folketinget og aviser. Dette fund lægger op til fremadrettet at undersøge, hvilke særlige forudsætninger økonomer har for at agere som policyprofessionelle, og hvordan de bidrager til at få tænketankes idéer og analyser på mediernes og politikernes dagsorden.
Nyhedsmediernes rolle i de politiske beslutningsprocesser
Authors: Albæk Erik , Green-Pedersen Christoffer
Published: March 2022

Hvilken betydning har medierne for politiske beslutningsprocesser? På baggrund af studier af, under hvilke betingelser medieopmærksomhed fører til politisk opmærksomhed, og teorier om politiske beslutningsprocesser generelt argumenterer denne artikel for, at mediernes indflydelse på politiske beslutningsprocesser er politisk betinget. Hvis medierne skaber opmærksomhed omkring et emne, der i forvejen interesserer politikerne, kan medieopmærksomhed, hvis den også er vedvarende, igangsætte politiske beslutningsprocesser, der fører til væsentlige politiske beslutninger. Artiklen illustrerer dette ved hjælp af to danske eksempler og diskuterer, hvordan artiklens påstand kan undersøges mere generelt.
Kampen mod Irlands deling: fra syd til nord til brexit
Authors: Pinos Jaume Castan
Published: March 2022

Artiklen undersøger modstanden mod delingen af Irland, fra dens implementering til en nutid domineret af usikkerhed omkring udgangen af brexit. Argumentet er, at modstanden mod deling har været en konstant på øen igennem et helt århundrede til trods for forskellige metoder – konstitutionelle såvel som voldelige – og forskellige intensiteter. Delingen af Irland i to forskellige politiske enheder har ikke blot været grund til, at tusinder af mænd og kvinder har båret våben og deltaget i en voldelig kamp. Delingen har også været fundamentet for den væsentligste ideologi i både Nordirland og den irske republik i et århundrede, nemlig den irske republikanisme. Langfredagsaftalen neddroslede måske suverænitetsdebatten i en tid, men brexit har bragt den på banen igen og givet politisk momentum til de, som ikke ønsker deling. Irsk republikanisme kan således instrumentalisere den politiske krise, der udspiller sig i kølvandet på et brexit og endnu en gang presse på for at opnå et forenet Irland.
Politisk effektivitetsfølelse og politisk tillid blandt efterkommere: betydningen af opfattet offentlig modvilje mod muslimer og flygtninge
Authors: Ahrensberg Nanna Vestergaard , Hansen Kirstine Mathilde , Kriegbaum Jensen Kristian
Published: March 2022

Hvordan påvirkes den politiske integration af etniske minoriteter, når de oplever et politisk klima med udbredt modvilje over for ikkevestlig indvandring? Dette vigtige, men underbelyste spørgsmål undersøges gennem et unikt dansk survey fra 2018 blandt 20- til 30-årige efterkommere og en kontrolgruppe med dansk oprindelse. Undersøgelsen går videre end tidligere studier og analyserer sammenhængen mellem de unge voksnes egen opfattelse af offentlig modvilje mod muslimer og flygtninge og deres politiske effektivitetsfølelse samt politiske tillid. Analysen viser en markant stærkere sammenhæng blandt muslimske efterkommere, og særligt hvis de er meget religiøse, men kun i forhold til ekstern politisk effektivitetsfølelse og politisk tillid. Den interne politiske effektivitetsfølelse står forholdsvis upåvirket tilbage, hvilket indikerer et uudnyttet politisk mobiliseringspotentiale.

Nøgleord: politisk effektivitetsfølelse; politisk tillid; politisk klima; etniske minoriteter; efterkommere
Det politiske informationslandskab i Danmark 2.0
Authors: Blach-Ørsten Mark , Mayerhöffer Eva
Published: March 2022

Artiklen analyserer og diskuterer forandringer i det politiske informationslandskab i Danmark. Det politiske informationslandskab kan forstås som udbud og efterspørgsel af politiske nyheder og politisk information inden for et givet samfund. Artiklen fokuserer på udbuddet og efterspørgslen af (politiske) nyheder (offline, online og på de sociale medier) i forhold til traditionelle og alternative nyhedsmedier. Analysen viser, at de traditionelle nyhedsmedier stadig står centralt i forhold til danskernes brug af nyheder, men at lavtuddannede og lavtlønnede uden for hovestaden tilgår nyheder mindre hyppigt end resten af befolkningen. I forhold til de sociale medier viser analysen, at Facebook stadig er danskernes foretrukne sociale medieplatform. Samtidig er det kun er 13 pct. af danskerne, der samlet set betragter kategorien ”sociale medier” som deres vigtigste nyhedskilde. Endelig viser analysen af forskellige typer alternative nyhedsmedier, at de traditionelle nyhedsmediers ”monopolposition” som leverandør af news og views til et bredt publikum er ved at blevet udfordret af en meget heterogen skare af nye onlinemedier, der inkluderer både hyperpartiske medier, slow news medier og debatorienterede medier. Artiklen afslutter med at diskutere, hvordan forandringerne i det politiske informationslandskab kan påvirkevirke den demokratiske samtale i Danmark.
Tilliden til de danske journalister og nyhedsmedier: i forfald eller ej?
Authors: Andersen Kim , Van Dalen Arjen , Hopmann David Nicolas , Skovsgaard Morten , Albæk Erik
Published: March 2022

I denne artikel undersøger vi, 1) hvordan tilliden til danske journalister og nyhedsmedier har udviklet sig over tid, 2) om der er forskel i tilliden til forskellige typer af nyhedsmedier, og 3) hvordan folks politiske partipræference påvirker deres tillid til journalister og nyhedsmedier. Vores analyser baserer sig på omfattende data fra Europa-Kommissionen, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Radius Kommunikation samt DR Medieforskning og viser, 1) at tilliden til journalister og nyhedsmedier er stabil over tid, 2) at folk stoler mere på public service-nyheder og kvalitetsaviser og mindre på tabloide nyhedsmedier, og 3) at partipræference kan forklare nogle variationer i tilliden.
Hvem er jeg som leder? En analyse af ledende overlægers lederidentitet
Authors: Cecchini Mathilde
Published: March 2022

Studier har fremhævet vigtigheden af lederidentitet for udviklingen af offentlige ledere, da ledere med en stærk lederidentitet er mere tilbøjelige til aktivt at udøve ledelse. I litteraturen begrebsliggøres lederidentitet ofte som ”i hvor høj grad et individ anser sig selv for at være leder”. I denne artikel argumenterer jeg for, at fænomenet lederidentitet ikke blot handler om styrken af lederidentitet, dvs. hvor meget et individ føler sig som leder, men også om den substantielle mening, som individet tillægger denne identitet. Med udgangspunkt i lederidentitetslitteraturen og en kvalitativ indholdsanalyse af 21 semistrukturerede interviews med ledende overlæger udvikler artiklen en typologi, som indeholder tre typer substantiel lederidentitet: den dominerende leder, den inddragende leder og entreprenøren.
Professional development leadership in public organizations: A multi-level study of causes and consequences among head nurses and nurses
Authors: Lund Clara Siboni
Published: March 2022

Professional development leadership is defined by the core ambition to facilitate a shared understanding of professional quality in an organizational unit and realizing it in the service delivery. The core behaviors are defined by attempts to create alignment between organizational goals and professional norms, develop professional knowledge, and activate professional norms and knowledge in practice. A multi-level study of head nurses and nurses at Danish hospital wards shows that head nurses’ execution of professional development leadership is positively related to nurses’ assessments of professional quality. In addition, head nurses’ span of control, their perceptions of the span of control, and their leadership identity are related to nurses’ perceptions of their head nurses’ exercise of professional development leadership. The results indicate that professional development leadership is relevant in public organizations, and that both organizational and leader characteristics may influence whether leaders succeed in exerting professional development leadership that their employees see.
Walking the talk? The importance of personal leader credibility for employee motivation when transformational leadership is exerted
Authors: Van Luttervelt Mads Pieter , Jacobsen Christian Bøtcher , Andersen Lotte Bøgh
Published: March 2022

Leaders are credible when their employees believe they will act in accordance with their stated intentions. The question therefore is: Does employee-perceived personal leader credibility affect employee motivation? We examine this by conducting a survey experiment in which we expose 817 MTurkers to different video vignettes that manipulate a fictive leader’s personal credibility when they exert transformational leadership. The results reveal significant differences in perceived leader credibility. These differences affect both self-reported motivation and time spent on performing tasks for the leader. We contribute to leadership research by showing that it is possible – in an experimental setting – to affect employee perceptions of personal leader credibility and furthermore that perceived personal leader credibility affects the motivation of the respondents. We encourage further investigation, as leader credibility seems to be an important concept.
Atrial fibrillation detection service for stroke prevention
Authors:   , Kareem Murtadha Kamil
Published: March 2022

This study aims to develop a cost-effective atrial fibrillation detection service that improves outcomes for patients. The service offers continuous Atrial Fibrillation (AF) detection which might help to address the real-world problem of stroke prevention. AF is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder in adults. AF is either intermittent (paroxysmal) or permanent. Both types increase the risk ischemic stroke around fivefold. An accurate diagnosis of AF is mandatory for treatment initiation. AF treatment reduces the stroke risk and for individual patients prevent stroke. Unfortunately, current AF detection methods often fail to detect paroxysmal AF cases, because the observation duration is too short. We propose to address this problem with real time monitoring and artificial intelligence for AF detection. We developed two distinct deep learning models to detect irregular heartbeats. For the first experiment, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) classifier was used to detect and differentiate AF beats and Normal beats. The data were collected from MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database. This database incorporates 10-hour Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from 23 participants. The second experiment was based on using a ResNet algorithm to detect common arrhythmias, namely, AF, and Atrial Flutter (AFL), as well as Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR). The algorithm was trained with data from 4051 subject. The LSTM model achieved 98.51% accuracy with 10-fold cross-validation (20 subjects) and 99.77% with blindfold validation (3 subjects). Whilst, the ResNet model achieved, the following results: accuracy = 99.98%, sensitivity = 100.00%, and specificity = 99.94%. In addition, the LSTM model was validated with five independents benchmark databases to establish the robustness and maturity through more and more varied datasets. With the LSTM validation, we established trust which enabled us to conduct a clinical trial study with Sheffield Teaching Hospital. As part of this work, an AF detection service validation tool was built for hybrid decision support where machine learning decisions are verified by a stroke consultant. This detection method makes economic sense because Heart Rate (HR) signals are costeffective to measure, transmit, and process. Having such a cost-effective solution might lead to widespread long-term observation, which can help detecting arrhythmia earlier. Detection improves the outcomes for patients and reduces healthcare cost.
An exploration of value discourses in legal education
Authors:   , Nicholson Alexander John
Published: March 2022

In September 2021, the regulator of the largest branch of the legal profession in England and Wales introduced a radically reformed qualification framework. Not only does this arguably of itself precipitate the need for transformational change within the legal education market, but it comes at a time when societal rhetoric is questioning the value of higher education more widely. When one is asked to speak about the “value” of legal education, the resultant discourse tends at least initially to focus on instrumental aspects, and there is often an economic flavour. However, dig a little beneath the surface and it soon becomes clear that individual perceptions of value are multifaceted, inherently subjective, and subject to a constant process of evolution. The overarching aim of this programme of research was to explore the value discourses that exist within legal education and thereby formulate recommendations for reform. This aim was achieved using a predominantly pragmatist approach, and comprising a mixed methods design – albeit with an exclusive focus on doctrinal, theoretical, socio-legal, and qualitative methods, given the subjective nature of “value”. The collective contribution of the eleven publications presented in this work is three-fold. First, they highlight the complexity of the value concept – specifically in relation to its application within legal education – and propose new theoretical modelswhich can assist legal and other education providers in evaluating, creating, and articulating value more holistically. Second, they illustrate the value of interdisciplinary and socio-legal research, and in so doing present important evidence to further support calls for greater interdisciplinarity within legal education. Finally, they highlight opportunities where an exploration of other value discourses might enhance educational and/or research outcomes by revealing previously hidden perspectives.
La perception des parents d’adolescents présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme concernant la transition vers la classe spéciale en école ordinaire de niveau secondaire
Authors: Taieb-Lachance Catherine Isabelle , Poirier Nathalie , Abouzeid Nadia
Published: March 2022

Using semi-structured interviews, this study aims to document the perceptions of fifteen parents of autistic adolescents regarding their transition towards a special-needs class in a regular high school setting. This study has found an important presence of co-occurring conditions among this population. It also concludes that the transition towards high school is difficult, that an imbalance exists among school staff’s roles, and that resources are limited. Finally, parents are satisfied with the teachers’ qualities as well as with the collaboration established among the teaching staff and professionals within the private and public health system. However, cooperation among school professionals and the principals is considered suboptimal.
Awakening Indigenous Knowledge: Perspectives and Experiences of Indigenous Early Childhood Education Diploma Students
Authors: Stagg-Peterson Shelley , Huston Lori , Ings Eugema , Mason Brenda , Falcigno Kim
Published: March 2022

We draw on a focus group discussion amongst four Indigenous northern Ontario early childhood educators (ECEs) from an Indigenous postsecondary institution’s ECE diploma program, to show the important contributions of programs offered by Indigenous postsecondary education institutes to Indigenous cultural revitalization. We are the Indigenous Elder, two instructors, and senior administrator of the program, as well as a non-Indigenous university professor. We argue for Indigenous community-generated curricula that embody local Indigenous cultural knowledge, values, and practices, drawing on themes arising from analysis of focus group data: participants felt that they brought limited knowledge of their Indigenous language and culture to their program, and participants experienced an awakening of Indigenous knowledge through their participation in Indigenous practices outside the core curriculum.
L’observation participante d’un terrain de recherche : une avenue pour discerner ses intérêts et questions de recherche
Authors: Vincent Cynthia , Tremblay-Wragg Émilie
Published: March 2022

This field note outlines the reflections that arose from the use of the participant observation method as an immersive process during my doctoral research fieldwork on writing retreats. The observations made during a Thèsez-vous retreat held in January 2020 resulted in findings on the process of such a retreat and on-site interactions between participants and facilitators. This process not only highlighted the merits of this method, but also elucidated my doctoral research interests and questions. This note encourages readers to apply the participant observation method in their own research to reveal their subjectivity toward their topic of study.
Les jeunes de la ville de Yaoundé et la sociabilité dans la pratique du parifoot
Authors: Kouomoun Abdou
Published: March 2022

Taking a dynamic approach to the study of youth, this article draws on the results of a qualitative study

of young people in Yaoundé to understand the logic behind their participation in sports (soccer) betting

and explore associated forms of sociability. After presenting our theoretical framework and data

collection methodology, we describe the factors encouraging young people to bet on soccer matches.

We then review the various forms of sociability developed in the context of sports betting and explore

underlying determinants. To begin with, reports of gambling winnings by friends and acquaintances, love

for the sport and the richness of soccer culture, etc., serve as motivating factors. Furthermore, precarious

living conditions and the perception of cultural capital acquired through these sports (soccer) betting

shape forms of sociability that support strategies for addressing a range of challenges.
Astrobiologia e ensino de ciências
Authors: Chefer Claudiane , Oliveira André Luis de
Published: March 2022

Dentre as atuais abordagens da pesquisa científica, que buscam a partir de uma visão multidisciplinar estudar os problemas científicos complexos que envolvem a possibilidade de a vida ser intrínseca ao Universo, encontra-se a Astrobiologia. Diante dos pressupostos integradores de uma área inovadora de investigação científica, inquietou-se interrogar: A ótica do paradigma da complexidade pode perspectivar o ensino de temas da astrobiologia no ensino de ciências? Quais são as possibilidades de articulações que podem fundamentar este trabalho? Nessa pesquisa, recorte da fundamentação teórica de uma Dissertação de Mestrado defendida em 2020, buscou-se apontar as consonâncias entre o Paradigma da Complexidade e a emergência da Astrobiologia como campo de pesquisa científica, com vias em traçar aspectos diante das possibilidades de perspectivação do ensino da vida no universo, norteado pela ótica da complexidade no contexto da Educação para a ciência. Para isso, foi empregada uma Pesquisa Qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico pautada na Revisão Sistemática. Mediante a análise, foram discutidas as dimensões disciplinares do conhecimento, bem como foi apresentado um parâmetro geral da Astrobiologia como campo de pesquisa reemergente da ciência e suas potencialidades no contexto educacional. Logo, foi possível articular e inferir possibilidades que podem ser mobilizadas ao trabalhar temas da Astrobiologia na educação para a ciência, norteados pelo enfoque paradigmático da complexidade. Assim, almejou-se com este estudo encaminhar e clamar com urgência e, sobretudo, ampliar ações educativas que visem pelo progresso de mudanças paradigmáticas e reformas de pensamento que contemplem a construção de uma consciência planetária.
The application of sudoscan for screening microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lin Kun , Wu Yixi , Liu Shuo , Huang Jiaqi , Chen Guishan , Zeng Qiong
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of sudoscan in screening diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabete mellitus (T2DM). 515 patients with T2DM aged from 23 to 89 years were included for analysis in our study. The mean age was 60.00 ± 11.37 years and the mean duration of T2DM was 8.44 ± 7.56 years. Electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) in hands and feet was evaluated by SUDOCAN. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) was diagnosed in 378 patients (44.3%), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in 161 patients (31.26%), diabetic retinopathy (DR) in 148 patients (28.74%). Hands and feet ESC was significantly and independently associated with the presence of DPN, DKD and DR. Patients with a lower ESC (<60 µS) had 5.63-fold increased likelihood of having DPN, 4.90-fold increased likelihood of having DKD, 1.01-fold increased likelihood of having DR, than those with a higher ESC. Age, duration of T2DM, smoking, renal function and vibration perception thresholds were negatively correlated with ESC. Sudoscan parameters were correlated with diabetic microvascular complications, especially with DPN. Sudoscan could be an effective screening tool in primary health care for early screening microvascular complications.
Integration of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals indigo biosynthesis in Phaius flavus flowers under freezing treatment
Authors: Zhang Yi-Ming , Su Yong , Dai Zhong-wu , Lu Meng , Sun Wei , Yang Wei , Wu Sha-Sha , Wan Zhi-Ting , Wan Hui-Hua , Zhai Junwen
Published: March 2022

Background

Indigo-containing plant tissues change blue after a freezing treatment, which is accompanied by changes in indigo and its related compounds. Phaius flavus is one of the few monocot plants containing indigo. The change to blue after freezing was described to explore the biosynthesis of indigo in P. flavus.

Methods

In this study, we surveyed the dynamic change of P. flavus flower metabolomics and transcriptomics.

Results

The non-targeted metabolomics and targeted metabolomics results revealed a total of 98 different metabolites, the contents of indole, indican, indigo, and indirubin were significantly different after the change to blue from the freezing treatment. A transcriptome analysis screened ten different genes related to indigo upstream biosynthesis, including three anthranilate synthase genes, two phosphoribosyl-anthranilate isomerase genes, one indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase gene, five tryptophan synthase genes. In addition, we further candidate 37 cytochrome P450 enzyme genes, one uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase gene, and 24 β-D-glucosidase genes were screened that may have participated in the downstream biosynthesis of indigo. This study explained the changes of indigo-related compounds at the metabolic level and gene expression level during the process of P. flavus under freezing and provided new insights for increasing the production of indigo-related compounds in P. flavus. In addition, transcriptome sequencing provides the basis for functional verification of the indigo biosynthesis key genes in P. flavus.
Evaluating the Potential of Phytochemicals as Natural Substitute for Synthetic Antioxidant: A Review
Authors: Hossein Maleki Mohammad , Daneshniya Milad , Latifi Zahra , Pirouz Zarrin Younes , Behzadinia Maral , Morakabati Naghmeh
Published: March 2022

This study aimed at investigating the antioxidant potential of flavonoids as a subgroup of polyphenols and ultimately entirely and partially substitute the synthetic antioxidant with natural them. All relevant databases were searched for the terms including 'phytochemical', polyphenol', 'flavonoid', 'natural additive', as well as 'antioxidant activity' combined with in vivo and in vitro phrases. Free radicals are among the damaging factors to macromolecules. The oxidative reaction caused by these radicals is one of the reasons for food spoilage, which causes unpleasant odor, loss of taste, damaged tissue and appearance, and loss of nutritional value of exposed material. The common antioxidants employed in foods include Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), Tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), and Propyl gallate (P.G.). Synthetic antioxidants have adverse effects such as causing mutation and carcinogenicity in the human body despite their high performance; hence, many studies have been carried out on replacing them with natural antioxidants. Phytochemicals and a widespread group of them known as polyphenols possess a high antioxidant activity. A major subset of polyphenols, Flavonoids, are secondary metabolites in plants with many applications. These compounds are potential antioxidants because of their capabilities, such as scavenging the free radicals donating hydrogen atoms, electrons, and chelate metal cations. The antioxidant mechanism of action of flavonoids is transferring hydrogen toward free radicals. Accordingly, the more the flavonoid structure makes the hydrogen transfer faster and easier, the more the flavonoid's antioxidant power will be. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids with hydroxy groups in their structure is higher among the different flavonoids. Besides health promotion and some disease prevention effects, various in vitro studies have shown that flavonoids possess a high antioxidant activity that is competitive with synthetic antioxidants. However, to make it commercially available, cheaper and high-performance extraction methods of flavonoids will have to be developed.