bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Profitability In Processed Food Industry In Indonesia
Authors: Guo Ren Ren
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of working capital, sales growth, debt to equity, and operating efficiency ratio on the profitability of processed food industry in Indonesia. The profitability in this study is measured through return on equity (ROE). The research is a quantitative research method by using secondary data for seventeen processed food companies listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia from 2013 until 2019.The research shows:1) working capital has significant positive effect on processed food company’s profitability; 2) Sales growth has significant negative effect on processed food company’s profitability; 3) the debt to equity or leverage does not have any effect on processed food company’s profitability, 4) operating efficiency ratio has significant negative effect on processed food company’s profitability.
The Radiation Climate over India
Authors: VENKATARAMAN S , KRISHNAMURTHY V
Published: April 2022

As solar radiation data for India available at present are not extensive enough to meet the increasing demands for the climatological information of this parameter, use of data of bright hours of sunshine to estimate the radiation receipt is examined, Monthly normal radiation maps based on the estimated solar radiation values for 52 stations are presented and discussed.
Synoptic study of the formation and movements of Western Depressions
Authors: Dutta RK , GUPTA MG
Published: April 2022

In this paper a few cases of well-marked western disturbances which funned near Caspian Eea were examined to understand their genesis and their future movement, A tentative explanation about their formation and a method of forecasting their movement have been suggested.
On the formation, direction of movement and structure of the Arabian Sea Cyclone of 20-29 May 1963
Authors: DESAI BN
Published: April 2022

Data presented in Mazumdar's paper (1966) have been examined to understand the formation, movement and structure of the Arabian Sea cyclone of May 1963. It is observed that the conclusions arrived at by Desai and Rao (1954) in their examination of some of the famous Indian cyclones are generally supported by this case study except for the unusual southwesterly movement during the later stages which was under the directive influence of an upper tropospheric anticyclone to its west. There is evidence of asymmetric distribution of wind and weather (Desai and Basu 1933, Basu and Desai 1934) and of at least two air masses-warmer drier continental air and colder moist monsoon air in the outer storm area. The Tiros reports of centres can perhaps be helpful in forecasting movement of the cyclones. The differences in air and water temperatures cannot justifiably be utilised to show that the sea surface contributes substantial part of the energy of the cyclone as the air temperature would have considerably decreased with replacement of warmer continental air by colder monsoon air, the water temperature, however, not changing appreciably over the area.
A study of the seasonal oscillations in the upper air Temperatures over India
Authors: BANERJEE AK , SHARMA KK
Published: April 2022

The results of the harmonic analysis of the mean monthly upper air temperature of 13 radiosonde stations in India have been presented in this paper. Diagrams showing the spatial distributions of the amplitudes and phase angles of the first two harmonics over the different parts of the country are presented and discussed. Broadly, two maxima of temperature amplitudes are found, viz., one from ground upto about 850 mb and the other higher up in the troposphere between 600 and 150-mb levels. The existence of these two distinct regimes seem to indicate two different types of physical processes operating to cause the seasonal temperature changes.
Gustiness and temperature at Nagpur
Authors: SHARMA KK
Published: April 2022

Ten years autographic records of wind and temperature have been utilised for the present study. The seasonal and diurnal variations of mean wind speed, average range of gusts and gustiness along with the temperature variations have been worked out.
Forecasting of rainfall of 30 mm or more over Bombay
Authors: RAJ HEM , BILLA HS
Published: April 2022

The graphical integration technique of Brier has been employed in evolving an objective method for predicting the occurrence of rainfall of 30 mm or more m 24 hours over Bombay and Thana Districts in the subsequent 24 hours, during July-August. Easily determinable variables-(l) 700-mb contour height difference between Calcutta and Visakhapatnam, (2) 850-mb contour height difference between Nagpur and Delhi (3) surface pressure difference between Vengurla and Baroda and (4) precipitable water over Bombay, have been utilized in evolving this technique. Data for the months of July and August for 1957-1961 have been used as basic data and corresponding ones for 1962 as the test data. The method gave correct forecasts of rainfall >=30 mm on 70 per cent occasions.
Propagation of Love Waves in a layer overlying a heterogeneous half-space
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA RABINDRAKUMAR
Published: April 2022

Love wave propagation in a homogeneous layer overlying a solid half-space of varying density and rigidity is considered.
Distribution of global and net solar radiation over the Indian Ocean
Authors: MANI A , CHACKO O , DESIKAN V , KRISHNAMURTHY V
Published: April 2022

Annual and monthly maps showing the distribution of global solar and net solar radiation over the Indian Ocean and its adjoining land areas have been prepared from available observations, supplemented by calculations based on observations of albedo, duration of sunshine and cloudiness. The annual distribution of global solar radiation shows minima over the equatorial belts and the monsoon regions and maxima over the subtropical high pressure areas. The geographical distribution is mainly zonal except in the low latitudes, where areas of higher or lower radiation are distributed according to regions of higher or lower amounts of cloudiness.

 

The net solar radiation is naturally smaller than global radiation but its distribution pattern is very similar to that of global radiation, with maxima along the subtropics and minima along the equator. The major differences arising from the different values of surface albedo over land and sea, are the location of maxima over sea in the subtropics, with the highest values in north Arabian Sea, and breaks in the isolines between sea and land.

 

Over the Indian Ocean itself, the latitudina1 variation of both global and net solar radiation is small during the southern summer but large during the northern summer. The pattern shifts with the movement of the sun, the most prominent feature being the distortion of the basic distribution pattern during the monsoon season over India and, southeast Asia, during the northern summer.
Squalls over east Uttar Pradesh
Authors: ALVI SMA
Published: April 2022

A statistical study of squalls over east Uttar Pradesh is presented in this paper, A comparison extent It can of squalls occurring over east Uttar Pradesh with those occurring over Jodhpur station in west Rajasthan has been made and salient features have been brought out.
Radar study of line type echoes as observed at Agartala aerodrome, Tripura during February-October 1964
Authors: KUNDU MM , DE AC
Published: April 2022

Occurrences of line type echoes over Agartala aerodrome and its neighbourhood. during February-October 1964 have been studied with respect to their shapes, dimensions, orientations, movements, times of occurrences, life cycles and the associated synoptic situations. It has been found that the lines have marked preferences for their formations in different sectors in different seasons. The movements of the lines are found to be associated with upper winds at 3-km level in the monsoon season. Instances of formations of secondary cells in the forward, backward and lateral sectors of the main squall lines have also been observed. An explanation for the formation of these secondary cells bas been offered.
Hailstorms near Nagpur -A radar study
Authors: SHARMA BL
Published: April 2022

In the present study, which has been made by a Decca type 41 radar, it has been shown that the hailstorms over Kamptee situated at a distance of 10 n, miles towards northeast of the radar station had occurred due to the presence of a rotational echo with characteristic hook features, An attempt has been made to find out (a) the speed and direction of the movement of the rotational and non-rotational echoes and their collision courses in directional convergence, (b) to calculate the terminal velocity of the precipitation particles and the corresponding particle size from the streamers, associated with a prominent hook echo and (()) to suggest the probable time of occurrence and end of the hailstorm over Kamptee.
Sudden Commencement amplitudes and Storm ranges in the Indian equatorial belt
Authors: BHARGAVA BN
Published: April 2022

For the highly active period of solar cycle 19, amplitudes of storm sudden commencements (SSC) at the three stations in the Indian equatorial region are examined. Storms with a large main phase are found to accompany sudden commencements occurring during the day time. The equatorial enhancement in SSC amplitudes in the horizontal force is found to be almost uniform from 2.7° magnetic latitude to the dip equator except for a few hours centred on local noon. In the vertical force, the enhancement at Trivandrum near the dip equator is found to be extremely large. The occurrence of storms with large ranges in the vertical force and the seasonal characteristics of the ranges ate also investigated. An unexpected quasi-periodic variation in ranges in the vertical force has been found at Kodaikanal. Probable causes of large amplitudes of SSCs and storm ranges in the vertical force are discussed.
The variation of the angle of incidence of p waves with epicentral distance
Authors: DUBE RK
Published: April 2022

Angles of incidence of p waves were obtained from the records of the short and long period seismographs of W.W.S.S.N. at Shillong. The study covers the range of epicentral distances from 200 to 1000. The observations indicate that the velocity of P waves at the earth’s surface is approximately 6 km/sec which is the velocity of the upper layer (granitic layer) of the earth.
Radio-Climatology of India : I V. Vertical structure of Radio Refractive Index distribution in the lower troposphere
Authors: KULSHRESTHA SM , CHATTERJEE K
Published: April 2022

Based on the 5-year averages of the values of pressure, temperature and relative humidity at the ground surface,850-mb level (about 5000ft a.s.l.) and 700-mb level (about l0,000 ft a.s.l.) , the corresponding values of modified radio-refractive index (or radio-refractivity) have been computed for these three levels for each month at various stations in India. These data have been utilised to describe and discuss the vertical structure of radio refractivity distribution in the lower troposphere upto an approximate height of 10,000 ft a.s.l. Various radio climatic charts have been prepared and the prominent features of the lower tropospheric radio-climate over the country have been discussed.
An objective method for forecasting five-day rainfall over Delhi during July and August
Authors: DE US
Published: April 2022

The present study is an attempt to evolve a technique for forecasting pentad rainfall over Delhi for the month of July and August. Composite charts for conditions antecedent to excessive and deficient rainfall, during the pentad under consideration, are prepared. The contrasting features of the circulation patterns revealed in these composite charts are taken as guides to picking up crucial station pairs whose relative heights could be taken as representative of the contrasting features. From dot diagrams of rainfall character (as A,' N and S) and pairs of pressure-height co-ordinates the relationship between the predictor and predictant are worked out on the basis of contingency technique. The forecast scheme gives a skill score of. 55.
Radar observation of a monsoon rain squall at Bombay
Authors: NARAYANAN V
Published: April 2022

During monsoon, a number of line type radar echoes developing over the Arabian Sea 40-60 nautical miles west of .Bombay coast and moving in an eastward direction have been noticed on the radarscope of Decca type 41 storm detection radar installed at Santacruz airport. One such instance during June 1965 is studied and reported in this note.

 

The main features of the rain squall line -pivotal motion, bifurcation, deceleration in forward movement or reaching the coast line -are explained in the light of experience of radar observation of monsoon clouds at Bombay. A few suggestions for further investigation in order to get a better insight into the intricacies of the hitherto hidden phenomena of monsoon clouds with the help of weather radar, are indicated.
Trough of low pressure over the Gangetic Valley during the southwest monsoon season and its implications -A suggested new approach
Authors: DESAI BN
Published: April 2022

Current ideas about the trough of low pressure over the Gangetic Valley, facts of weather and chimatology during the southwest monsoon season and the role of the topographical features of the Indo-Pakistan subcontment in the formation of the trough, have been stated briefly. A new approach about the establishment of the trough is suggested and implications of the same are discussed.
Satellite study of the cyclonic storm activity in the Indian Seas between 24 September and 5 October 1966
Authors: Rao MRAMA , RAMANATHAN AS , SRINIVASAN V
Published: April 2022

The last week of September and the first week of October 1966 were characterised by the formation movement of intense tropical disturbances over the Indian Ocean area in both the hemispheres. An unmterruped sequence of satellite data for a storms season was for the first time available to Indian Meteorologists through the APT subsystem Satellite data combined with ships observations showed the simultaneous existence of two cyclonic disturbances in the Bay of Bengal. Absence of well defined cloud bands and striations in some of these storms and rapid extension of clouds towards northeast when storms recurve under influence of upper westerly through indicated in satellite pictures are discussed.
On the ellipticity and gyration of the Radar Eye of a Bay Storm
Authors: RAO DVENKATESWARA
Published: April 2022

The track followed by a tropical storm, which moved in the vicinity of Calcutta on 21 September 1962, as delineated from radar observations, is described and discussed with reference to the ellipticity of its radar eye in the course of its recurvature around the radar station. The gyration of the major axis of the elliptical eye during recurvature is compared with similar features of hurricanes in the Caribbean Sea discussed by Sadowski. His inference that the gyration of the major axis and its orientation with respect to the storm track may have prognostic significance is not supported by this study. The eye manifested even by a. weak storm after it moved overland suggests the existence of sustained descending currents at the centres of weak tropical storms also.
Hypolipidemic effect of Sesame Seed Oil: A Review
Authors: Arshad Misbah , Ashfaq Maimoona , Rizwan Bahisht , Zanib Rida , Fatima Amsa , Pervaiz Rabbiya , Gulzar Zainab , Fatima Abiha
Published: April 2022

Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L) oil is an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids and secondary metabolites. Most commonly used in Eastern countries, easily available and cheap source of essential nutrients. Objective: To identify scientific evidence regarding the hypolipidemic effect of sesame seed oil and its derivatives. Elevated levels of plasma lipids and cholesterol is known as hyperlipidemia, increased lipids levels are directly associated with vascular and metabolic disorders. Hyperlipidemia is the most common risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Sesame seed oil is loaded in vitamin E, sesamin, sesamolin, sesamol, lignans, and phytoestrogen, these constituents have the potential to reduce hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated triglycerides levels.  They also act as antioxidants to prevent lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. The mechanism behind the hypolipidemic effect of sesame seed oil is its ability to increase superoxide dismutase SOD and glutathione peroxidase (antioxidants), reduction in triglycerides, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation and triggers lipid accumulation in blood. It has been studied that Sesaminol diglucoside helps to reduce white fat deposition by increasing the conversion of fat into brown fat. Conclusions: Results suggest that sesame seed oil is highly effective to manage hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia due to its lipid ameliorating and anti-oxidative effect
Study of Applications of E-Test for the Detection of Beta Lactamase Producing Bacteria
Authors: Saleem Mehwish , Azam Zunaira , Kausar Saneela , Azam Hafiza Aqsa , Atiq Amina , Akram Jawairia , Jameel Leeza , Mehmood Zeenat , Hayee Sara
Published: April 2022

The term antimicrobial resistance refers to the ability to resist the effects of drugs formally used to treat them and this term relates only to bacteria becoming resistant. Microorganisms which are resistant to multiple drugs are known as multidrug resistant bacteria. Methods: Most of the experimental work to study the application of E-Test for detection of lactamase producing bacteria was carried out at Pathology Laboratory of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. While the remaining research work was done in Microbiology Laboratory of Govt. Post Graduate Islamia College Cooper Road Lahore during the study period from December 2019 to March 2020.  Total 60 samples of different patients were collected from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore and most of the samples were urine (n=25), followed by Blood (n=14), Pus (n=14), and sputum (n=7). Oxidase, indole, citrate utilization, sugar fermentation (Kligler iron agar medium) and urease tests were performed for the identification bacterial strains. Results: In all of 60 samples frequency of occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter and Klebsiella strains were 59%, 23%, 18% respectively. Most of them (n=36) were ESBLs positive and about (n=24) were ESBLs negative and their percentage were 60% and 40% respectively. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae have now become as a significant issue in hospitalized and community patients. These microorganisms are liable for many diseases, for example, urinary tract infection, septicemia, hospitalized-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal abscess, brain abscess and device related infections. Conclusions: The frequency of ESBL producing bacteria in most hospitals is very high especially in the hospitals where broad spectrum antibiotics are generally recommended. Among gram negative bacteria, the emergence of resistance to expanded spectrum cephalosporins has been a major concern. Many of ESBL producing bacteria showed multidrug resistance.
Ultrasound Diagnosis and Risk Factors of 1st Trimester Complications in Pregnancy
Authors: Bakhtawar Khadija , John Akash , Ali Abid , Mubbarka Maryam Mubbarka
Published: April 2022

Ultrasound provides accurate gestational age and diagnosis of any complications. The complication can be due to nulliparity, aged females, and a history of abortion. The common complications of the first trimester are blighted ovum, ectopic pregnancy, and abortion. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine risk factors causing complications of pregnancy in the first trimester. Material and methodology: This retrospective study was performed with a sample size of 60 patients in 6 months from October-2022 to March-2022 calculated via convenient sampling technique by taking mean from previously published studies. This study was carried out at 3 private hospitals in Gujrat, Pakistan. An ultrasound machine (Aplio 300) was used to evaluate females with early pregnancy loss after informed consent. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 28. Frequency and percentages were mentioned for age groups, Obstetrical history, and ultrasound findings. Results: The most common complication in 1st trimester was incomplete abortion (29, 48.3%) following missed abortion 17(28.3%). The risk factors causing complications were gravidity, parity, abortions, fibroids, trauma, and molar pregnancy. The age group of 30-39 years has the maximum number of patients (30, 50%) diagnosed with complications. The common risk factor causing complication was due to age 30(50%), trauma 18(30%), gravidities were G4 (14, 23.3%) and G2 (10, 16.7%) and parity P1 (19 patients, 31.7%) and P2 (14 patients, 23.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the incidence of complication increased in nulliparous, aged females and decreased in females having less gravidity. Patients with a history of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding were noticed to have a higher incidence of complications. Nulliparous and multiparous women having poor obstetrical history are at high risk. Transvaginal ultrasound is very effective in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and missed abortion.
Prevalence of TMJ pain associated with stress in undergraduate university students-A Cross sectional study
Authors: Gulzar Khusboo , Islam Farooq , Thakur Asim Raza , Shahzad Sidra
Published: April 2022

The objective of study is to find prevalence of temporomandibular joint pain due to stress in undergraduate university students. Methods: Sample of 253 participants were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Then participants were required to sign on consent form first then Fonseca questionnaire, and PSS was given to them. The patients were interviewed, examined, diagnosed, and rated. Results: This study was conducted on 253 undergraduate university students .FQ and PSS questionnaires were given to them.87  males (34.4%) and 166 females (65.6%).37.5% partipants with moderate stress showed severe TMJ pain.5.9% cases were reported with mild pain. The percentage of temporomandibular joint pain is calculated to be 58.1% percent in university students. Conclusion(s): Hence, it has been concluded that stress is a factor that cause TMJ pain in undergraduate university students. This study shows that stress and TMJ pain have direct positive and strong corelation between them. Stress not only cause TMJ pain but it can also increase the severity of the pain. .The percentage of temporomandibular joint pain is calculated to be 58.1% percent in university students. The result concludes that the prevalence of temporomandibular joint pain among students of university is high.
Sonographic Assessment of Spleen to Left Kidney Ratio among School Going Children Ranging in Age from 8 to 15 years
Authors: Yousaf Amna , John Akash , Ali Abid , Noor Mah
Published: April 2022

Spleen is a vital organ of the lymphatic system and it provides immunity against infections, the spleen in affected people may be large. To diagnose small or infarcted spleen and splenomegaly, the splenic size must be determined. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the ratio of the spleen to the left kidney for the detection of mild splenomegaly. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at the private health care center in Sialkot. Data were collected during three months from January 2022 to March 2022 after informed consent. This study included 101 school-going children ranging in age from 8 to 15 years, all of whom had normal spleen and kidneys. A SonoAce 100 ultrasound machine with a 3.5MHz convex transducer was used to measure the length of the spleen and left kidney. Results: This study included 101 subjects with 54 boys and 47 girls. Children were in the range of 8-15 years. The mean age was 11.11±2.16 years, the mean height was 134.2±12.69 cm, and the mean weight of the subjects was 34.5±10.36 Kg. The mean of spleen length was 9.67±1.25 cm, the mean of kidney length was 8.69±1.16cm and the mean S/K ratio was 1.1±0.07. The mean of spleen and left kidney length was almost the same in both genders while the S/K ratio for boys (1.13±0.08) was greater than for girls (1.08±0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that the minimum and maximum values of the S/K ratio were 0.94 and 1.3 respectively. Splenomegaly should be suspected in those subjects whose ratio of the spleen to left kidney exceeds 1.3 without kidney disorders. Boys had a greater S/K ratio as compared to girls.
Clinical Correlation of Dengue Strains on the Basis of Seroprevalence in a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Haider Ali , Ullah Faheem , Bilal Muhammad , Saif Zeeshan , Awais Hina , Mannan Talha , Javed Hasnain , Bashir Fareeha
Published: April 2022

Dengue viruses are icosahedral in structure and contain a single-stranded positive- sense RNA sequence of 11kb inside their capsid protein, which belongs to Flaviviridae family, genera Flavivirus. DENV a vector dependent viral virus which presents a severe health danger worldwide. Objective: To study the different strains of dengue  on the basis of serotypes Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital Lahore, Primary and Secondary Health Department Lahore. The blood samples of 103 patients were collected from non-random sampling technique to check out the data of different parameters such as WBC’s & Platelets through Complete Blood Count (CBC), NS1 from ELISA and nature of dengue strains through RT- PCR. Results: Of 103 positive dengue patients, there were n= 58 (33.63 ± 16.54) males and n=45 (40.64± 16.00) females. Data for the total patients is subjected to statistical differences by Paired t-test (*p<0.05). The overall percentage of dengue strains within the sample population was DENV-2 (96%), DENV-3 (2%), DENV-1 & DENV-2 (2% in females, nil in males) DENV-2 & DENV-3 (2% both in males and females). According to clinical parameters the correlation of ELISA results with WBC’s was significant (<0.0001) as well as ELISA and platelets of patients had no correlation with each other. Conclusions: Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia is found particularly in DENV-2 strain as well as we found two different strains in two patients. So, our research work is helpful for the identification in genetic similarity of dengue strains.
Estimated Fetal Weight and Placental Thickness in Hypertensive and Non-hypertensive Women Diagnosed on Ultrasound: A Case Control Study
Authors: Mubbarka Maryam , John Akash , Ali Abid , Bakhtawar Khadija , Kiran Warda
Published: April 2022

The placenta is responsible for development and growth of fetus. It is evident that healthy fetus requires development of the placenta during pregnancy. Hypertension can have unfavorable impact on placental development affecting fetal weight or placental thickness. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare estimated fetal weight and placental thickness among hypertensive and non-hypertensive women. Material and Methodology: It is a case-control study carried out at Private Sector Hospital in Gujrat, Pakistan over a three-month period, from January 2022 to March 2022. The sample size of patients was calculated as 40 in both groups as cases and controls using purposive sampling technique. All hypertensive women in second and third trimesters were included after informed consent. The scan was performed on ultrasound machine (Aplio 300) using a trans-abdominal approach to examine in a supine position. The SPSS software version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: The age of pregnant women ranged between 19 to 44 years with mean age of 28.6 years. The gravidity ranged from 1 to 7 and gestational age between 19 to 38 weeks. The fetal weight in hypertensive pregnancy (1.9 ± 0.6) and normal pregnancy (2.7 ± 0.45) was found statistically significant. A hypertensive woman carries a fetus with low weight as compared to non-hypertensive. The placental thickness in hypertensive pregnant women was 4.1 ± 0.7 and in normal pregnant women was 3.9 ± 0.8 and had no significant difference. Conclusion: In conclusion there was significant difference between fetal weights among hypertensive and non-hypertensive pregnancies. A hypertensive woman carries a fetus with low weight as compared to non-hypertensive. There was no association found between placental thicknesses.
Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria “Pseudomonas aeruginosa” to various Antibiotics isolated from Post-Surgical Wound of Diabetic Patient at Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar
Authors: Shah Syed Saifur , Ali Muhammad , Ali Fawad , Rashid Yamin , . Ikramullah , Khan Khan Niaz , Shams Farrah
Published: April 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod shape opportunistic bacteria involved in nosocomial infection and resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Objective: To find out the antibiotic susceptibly pattern of P. aeruginosa. Methods: The current study was carried out on a sample of Diabetics patients having post-operative wounds in Hyatabad medical Complex. The pus sample was screened of pathogen bacteria P. aeruginosa was isolated from most of the sample i.e. 56% while other microorganisms isolated were i.e.  E coli, S. aureus, Proteus volugarus. Klebseilla spp coliform, Aclnelobacter spp, Proteus merabillus Provedentia spp. For the identification, different tests were performed including culture growth characteristic Gram staining, biochemical test. Antibiotics susceptibility test where performed utilizing disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton ager. Results: Out of 200 samples, 112 (56%) sample were positive for P. aeruginosa. Infection rate was high in male than female (2:1). The date of the admitted patients in hospital show higher chance of infection as compare of out-patient department (OPD). Among the bacterial isolated 67% where resistant and 31 % were sensitive to cefotaxime, 38% resistance while 61% were sensitive to ceftazidime, 15% resistance and 80 % were sensitive to Meropenem. 10 % resistance to and 86% sensitive to lmipenem, 3.5% resistance and 96% sensitive to tazocin and 6.3 % resistant while 87% were sensitive to sulzon, using disc diffusion method. Conclusions: Meropenem, lmipenem, tazocin and sulzon were formed to be the most effective agents isolated P. aeruginosa isolates. The results of the bacterial isolates did not showed 100% susceptibility against any of the tested antibiotics. In this study, it is concluded that Tazocin and Sulzon is the choice of drug for the SSI of diabetic patients.
Phenotypic Detection Of Antibiotic Resistance And Production Of Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases In E.COLI Isolated From UTI Patients At (HMC)
Authors: AKbar Umair , Ali Muhammad , Ali Fawad , Rashid Yamin , . Ikramullah , Khan Khan Niaz
Published: April 2022

This study aimed at the isolation of antibiotic resistance and ESBL producing E. coli from urinary tract infection patients visiting HMC hospital Peshawar. Method: A total of 200 samples were collected and cultured on selective media for bacterial isolation. Two hundred isolates were subjected to different morphological and biochemical tests for the isolation and identification of E. coli. A total of 121 E. coli isolations were recovered. These E. coli isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing. Eight antibiotics (Meropenem, Tazocin, Ciprofloxacin, Fosfomycin, Cefotaxime, Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime) were used for this purpose. Result: The isolates showed high resistance to these antibiotics such as meropenem having percent resistance of 1.85 while sensitivity is 98.14%, Tazocin showed percent resistance of 9.25 and sensitivity is 85.18%, Ciprofloxacin showed resistance of 87.96 percent, sensitivity is 12.03%, Fosfomycin showed resistance of 3.70 percent and sensitivity is 95.37%, Cefotaxime, Augmentin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime showed resistance of 100 percent. The isolates were then investigated for the existence of ESBL enzymes production through double disc diffusion test. Among the 121 isolates, 108 were positive for ESBL enzymes production. Conclusion: Current findings highlight the high prevalence of multi drug resistant and ESBL positive isolates of E. coli in clinical samples. Proper management and control measures are needed to control the spread of these highly pathogenic E. coli isolates to ensure public health safety.
Correlation of Increased Renal Parenchymal Echogenicity with Renal Function Tests and Urine Routine Examination in Patients from all over Lahore with low Socio-Economic status
Authors: Ahmed Mussarat , Bukhari Aliza Gulzar
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the cause of increased renal parenchymal echogenicity in patients coming in our hospital set-up. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at Life Hospital, Lahore over a period of fourteen months. A total of 115 patients both male and female, aged 12 to 83 years with the diagnosis of increased renal parenchymal echogenicity were included in the study and patients with normal renal cortical echogenicity were excluded from this study. The study includes different grades of renal parenchymal echogenicity, both males and females of different age groups and correlation with lab findings (Renal Function Tests and Urine R/E). Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS version 22.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results: Renal parenchymal echogenicity was raised in 55% of males and 44% of females. The most common cause for increased renal parenchymal echogenicity was concluded to be Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)%; (with WBCs seen in 28% of patients, Blood seen in 25% of patients, Leukocytes seen in 23% of patients, RBCs seen in 22% of patients and pus cells seen in 3% of patients). Only 8% of patients were seen with deranged RFTs. Mean age of patients with increased renal parenchymal echogenicity was 32.4 years. Most patients presented with lumbar region pain, burning micturition and dehydration. Conclusion: UTI seems to be the main cause of increased renal parenchymal echogenicity in the patients we studied as majority of the patients did not have a normal urine report. Males were more likely seen with increased renal parenchymal echogenicity. As majority of our patients belonged to poor socio-economic status, so it was concluded that the main cause of UTI could be dehydration due to lack of availability of clean water and poor hygiene conditions.
Frequency of Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases Diagnosed on Computed Tomography
Authors: Akram Mahnoor , John Akash , Bhatti Amina Sharif , Esha Miss , Ali Abid
Published: April 2022

Liver pathologies are affecting millions of people worldwide due to increasing risk factors and an unhealthy environment. Early diagnosis is essential to aid the treatment process and declined the mortality rate. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of acute and chronic hepatic diseases using multidetector Computed Tomography. Methods: The study was conducted in a private healthcare institute, with a sample size of 49 patients including 25 females and 24 males. Data were calculated by taking the mean via a convenient sampling approach, after informed consent. All the patients diagnosed with various liver diseases during the CT scan investigation presented at the study area within the period of study were included. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: According to the current study, the patients from 46 -65 years 28(57.1%) had the highest frequency, and the females 25(51.0%) were more likely to develop liver diseases than males 24(49.0%). The frequency of chronic liver diseases includes cirrhotic patients 17(34.7%), liver masses 30(61.2%), calcified granuloma 2(4.1%), fatty infiltration 4(8.2%), and cysts 3(6.1%). Most of the patients having cirrhosis were also associated with liver masses 20(40.8%).
Role Of Transperineal Ultrasound In Assessment Of Fetal Head Engagement As Indication Of Caesarean Section Taking Mode Of Delivery As Gold Standard
Authors: Suleman Taiba , Murrium Syeda Khadija-Tul-Sughra , Nawaz Saulat , Gillani Syed Amir , Fatima Mehreen , Talat Hafsa , Hina Gull E , Asif Mishal
Published: April 2022

The frequency of caesarean sections has been gradually increasing in the past several decades. The usage of transperineal ultrasound (TPU) has been increasing. Many studies have demonstrated that TPU can provide valuable information for the clinician. Objective: To assess the role of transperineal ultrasound in fetal head engagement as indication of caesarean section taking mode of delivery as gold standard. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Radiology Department of Nawaz Medicare and DHQ hospital, Faisalabad. Written consent was taken from all patients before the ultrasound examination. Patients were assessed for eligibility in inclusion criteria. Confirmation of intrauterine living pregnancy, placenta site, fetal presentation, liquor amount and gestational age was done with routine obstetric ultrasound. Enrolled pregnant patients at term were assessed for the fetal head-perineal distance and cervical length by TPU  examination. Results: One hundred and twenty-four (124) women participated in the investigation. Maternal age and gestational age were not determinants of outcomes of labor. Fetal head-perineal distance measured by TPU had a test sensitivity of 88.31 %, specificity of 78.72 %, the positive predictive value is 87.18%, the negative predictive value is 80.43% and diagnostic accuracy is 84.68%. Conclusions: The findings of this study shows that head perineal distance measured by TPU have higher sensitivity and is a non-invasive method which provides valuable objective measurements for fetal head engagement in primigravida at term and can be easily accepted and tolerated by women. Also, unnecessary caesarean section rate can be reduced by timely decision.
Sonographic Comparison Between Echogenicity and Renal Length Among Patients Suffering with Or Without Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Majeed Mamuna , Yousaf Farooq Syed Muhammad , Uzair Muhammad , Fatima Maryam , Amir Iqra , Iqbal Sheiza
Published: April 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as any abnormality and impaired kidney functions for more than three months. Most common causes of CKD is diabetes and hypertension. Objective: To determine the association between renal length and echogenicity in patients with or without chronic kidney disease. Methods: In Gilani Ultrasound Centre ,Lahore a descriptive study was conducted on Ultrasound Machine, Nemio 17 Toshiba.70 patients with or without chronic kidney disease were included. Patients with no previous clinical record of diabetes, high blood pressure and age below than 15 were excluded. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that total of 70 patients, (35 normal and 35 with CKD ) were selected in our study.Out of 70, 46(65.7%) were male and 24(34.3%) were female. Our results shows that (out of 70 patients) in right kidney echogenicity, 36(51.0%) no; of patients shows normal echogenicity with grade 0, 18(25.7%) with grade I, 10(14.3%) with grade II, 6(8.6%) with grade III , and in left kidney echogenicity ,37(52.9%) no;of patients shows normal echogenicity with grade 0,16(22.9%) with grade I, 10(14.3%) with grade II, 7(10.0%) with grade III. respectively a significant correlation of CKD with right and left renal were found as ,in right renal length with CKD mean length was 8.914 ±1.43 and without CKD ,10.4 ± 1.2 similarly in left renal length with CKD mean length was 9.49 ± 1.48 and without CKD,10.28 ±1.14.There is also a significant correlation was found between CKD ,right and left renal echogenicity ( significant P value is .000 for right and .000 for left renal length). Conclusion: Study concluded that echogenicity and renal length can help us to estimate the severity of CKD. It also states that there is a significant association, that was found between renal echogenicity, renal length and CKD.
Renal Transplantation: What We Need to Do More? A Perception Based Study in the Medical Colleges of Peshawar
Authors: Raza Ali , Ashraf Seema , Akhtar Asad , Asim Mahnoor , Shah Suman , khan Henan , Naz Momina
Published: April 2022

Renal transplantation, is the most frequently carried out transplantation procedure globally and is the treatment of choice and improves the quality of life in end-stage renal disease, but there is a deficiency of kidney donors despite its high need. Medical students and personnel play a pivotal role in shaping the patient’s perception regarding a procedure. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding renal transplantation in Pakistan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional conducted at public and private medical colleges of Peshawar targeting 4th and final year MBBS students. The study was conducted from December 2019 to October 2020. Results: There were 160 participants, 90 (57 %) males and 69 (43 %) female students. The knowledge about renal transplantation was found high. 24.4 % believed that only family members can donate and 64.4 % believed that there is an age limit for kidney donation. The study participants supported kidney donation (93 %). Similarly, only 34 % favored cadaveric donation over live kidney donation. This attitude was reflected in 38 % of the students disapproving of the thought of donating their own kidneys, as compared to 60 % favoring the idea of donating their kidneys after their death. Conclusions: For medical students, good scores in knowledge mean a better understanding of the transplantation procedures and the needs of the community. However, inadequate utilization of these services for needy patients resulted in a negative attitude. Awareness seminars, and the use of all forms of media to bring the change in perceptions, especially in the medical community.
Comparative field study of Rapid-Antigen Detection (RAD) with Multiplex Real Time-PCR for COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Hussan Mr , Waheed Fadia , Ullah Habib , Khurram Muhammad , Ali Ghadir , Shahid Maryam , Zaman Faisal , Abdullah . , Hashmi Asraf Hussain
Published: April 2022

RT-PCR is a gold standard test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19) infection; however, it is an expensive, time consuming and technical demanding technique. Rapid antigen detection immunoassay (RAD) is cost-effective, quick as well as can be performed and interpreted easily. The rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 patients is essential to reduce cost and control the disease spread; however, the real world data of these tests must be validated with RT-PCR before they can be used at large scale. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PanbioTMCOVID-19 Ag-Rapid test device (Abbot) with multiplex RT-PCR. METHODS:  A total of n=3509 samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RAD and RT-PCR at Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad. The rapid antigen tests were performed by PanbioTMCOVID-19 Ag-Rapid test device (Abbott) and compared with RT-PCR performed on Thermo Fisher (ABI) Quant Studio 5 using CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR protocol.  RESULTS: Total (n=3509), n=458 (7.60%) samples were reported positive by rapid antigen out of which n= 445 RT-PCR positive (13 false positive by rapid antigen), n=3051 (92.4%) were negative. True antigen negative tests n= 3051) were repeated with RT-PCR among these, n=25 were observed RT-PCR positive (rapid antigen false negative). The threshold cycle (CT) for the RT-PCR tests of these samples was >30. CONCLUSION: PanbioTMCOVID-19 Ag-Rapid test devices (Abbott) showed a sensitivity ratio 94.6% compared to RT-PCR. The PanbioTMCOVID-19 Ag-Rapid test device (Abbott) is reliable and can be used for screening and isolation of positive patients from the population.
Education Quality Measure of Undergraduate Students of Speech and Language Pathology in Pakistan
Authors: Hameed Sadaf , Iftikhar Nayab , Firdous Ayeshah , Azzam Khan Muhammad , Khan Sabahat , Rehman Atia Ur , Butt Mishal , Faridi Tallat Anwar
Published: April 2022

Undergraduate of Speech and Language Pathology study the basics of the mechanism of human communication, and pathology faced by humans in Speech, Language and Swallowing. Objective: To measure the quality of education of undergraduate students of speech and language pathology Methods: The study was observational and cross-sectional in nature, with data collected using a purposive sampling technique. Students from both the public and private sectors from various institutes and universities across Lahore took part in the study Results: The results indicated that 40 students (61.50%) felt a "need for self-improvement" in terms of self-perception in academia. In terms of atmosphere perception, 44 (67.70%) of students had "a more positive attitude." In terms of learning perception, 58 students (89.20%) reported having a "more positive perception of the education they receive." According to perceptions of course organizers, 51 (78.50%) of students believe they are "moving in the right direction." In terms of social self-perception, 54 students (83.10%) rated themselves as "Sociable." In the study, students of all years had different perceptions of learning, course organizers, self-perceptions in academia, atmosphere, and society, but none of these perceptions differed based on gender or institutes Conclusions: First-year students had a more positive perception of academics, self-perception, course organizers, academic atmosphere, social and self-perception than students of other years.
Efficacy of Melodic Intonation Therapy in Patients with Chronic Broca’s Aphasia: Speech Language Pathology Perspective
Authors: Farooq Idrees , Ahmed Muhammad , Azzam Khan Muhammad , Yaqoob Saba , Saeed Bareera , Butt Mishal , Masood Fahad , Anwar Faridi Tallat
Published: April 2022

Aphasia is a linguistic problem that occurs after brain damage. It's a broad term that encompasses everything from modest word retrieval challenges to a complete inability to produce and interpret language. Fluent and non-fluent aphasia are two types of aphasia. Non-fluent aphasia is characterized by sluggish, effortful speaking and is caused by a stroke in the left frontotemporal areas. These patients' language production is mainly limited to one- or two-word utterances. Non-fluent aphasic patients can sing fluently despite their significant language production handicap, which has led to the use of singing and music in aphasia rehabilitation. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) in patients with chronic Broca's aphasia. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from March 1 to September 30, 2021, at NUR International University to investigate the efficacy of MIT in patients with persistent Broca's aphasia. For this purpose data was collected from almost 50 speech therapists working with chronic Broca's aphasic patients through a self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire was used as a data collecting instrument that was designed by expert opinion and literature review. Results: Results indicated that MIT is effective in patients with chronic Broca's aphasia. On asking the respondent about the efficacy of MIT almost 88% responded that MIT is effective, 8% were not sure about the efficacy of MIT and 4% responded MIT is not effective in chronic aphasic patients. On asking the respondent about the development of expressive language 64 % responded that expressive Language is improved while 36 % were not sure about the development of expressive language development. On asking the respondent whether MIT reduces psychological stress on individuals regarding the necessity to speak correctly, 88 % responded with yes while 12 % responded with No that MIT reduces psychological stress. Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that MIT is effective in patients with chronic Broca’s aphasia.