bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative Learning Model Containing Local Wisdom by Using Multimedia Animation-Based for Elementary School Students
Authors: Maisaroh Siti , Endahati Nafisah , Wardani Setia
Published: November 2019

The results of preliminary observations on several primary schools with increasingly advanced Information Technology (IT) technologies are (1) local culture which is increasingly eroded by the rapid development of Information Technology known as "kids era," (2) IT increasingly requiring the model learning follows events. Furthermore, (3) in previous English learning, the process has not been integrated (not synchronous between writing, listening, speaking and reading). The purpose of this research is to design an integrative learning model with local wisdom on elementary school students based on multimedia animation and to know the accuracy of integrative learning. It was a research development with the subject is elementary school students in Ngestiharjo region. Methods of data collection used observation and questionnaire. The questionnaire instrument was obtained from media and material experts. Questionnaires were addressed to IT expert and English education lecturer. Data analysis techniques used qualitative approach model. This research has resulted in an integrative learning media with local wisdom-based multimedia animation of English grade 3 elementary school. The content of interactive media is divided into three main sections, namely semester 1, semester 2, and video lesson. Animated media is integrated into the ability of speaking, listening, reading and writing. Aspects of local wisdom are demonstrated by the content and vocabulary used in reference to local Indonesian culture. The result of the content validation by the English education material experts stated the media is very good. Media experts claim that interactive media is good and worthy of use in learning English. Video lesson can increase students’ active participation in English learning.
The Increase In Child-Friendly Learning Management Towards The Formation of Character Students in SD Inclusive
Authors: Toharudin Moh , Florentinus Totok Sumaryanto , Ekosiswoyo Rasdi , Sutarto Joko
Published: November 2019

Teachers are an essential component in improving the quality of education. It can even be said that a teacher is a strategic key for the development of quality education. How vital role of teachers in training, so it is not surprising that the Emperor of Japan, Hirohito after the defeat of Japan from the allies asked how many teachers are still alive. It was on the teacher’s shoulders that Emperor Hirohito put his trust in rebuilding Japan through education and succeeding. The method used in this paper is library research (library research). The study finds that one of the progress of knowledge in various countries such as Japan, China, Korea, India, which later became the instrument to solve the nation’s problems is through the improvement and development of professional teachers. In Indonesia, the effort to improve the professionalism of teachers is made through training called Teacher Professional Training (PLPG) and Teacher Professional Education (PPG). By building professional teachers the reinforcement of developer-based and discovery-based philosophical aspects make a significant contribution to improving the quality of education in Indonesia.
Multimedia Use For Beginner Level of Teaching Languages For Deaf Children: Study in Special Schools in Surakarta
Authors: Saddhono K , Amalia A , Sudarsana I K , Indahingwati A
Published: November 2019

Education for children with special needs, in Indonesia language known as Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus or ABK, at an early age plays a significant role in triggering their abilities to communicate by using sign language. This paper discusses the results of research on the development of sign language learning media for ABK with age range 6-9 years. The stage of designing learning media includes the SDLC method (System Development Life Cycle). The result of the design is a Multimedia Application for Introduction to Sign Language for Deaf Children age 8-12 years in the form of CD-ROMs. The first is the CD-ROM for PC / computer which contains Indonesian language learning element, examples of simple sentences, practice questions and puzzles, and each item includes a sign-language video, the second is in the form of VCD containing Indonesian language learning material and in each element comprises sign language video.
Internet of Things Technology Implementation for Hydroponic Planting Culture
Authors: Hafid Hardyanto R. , Ciptadi Prahenusa Wahyu
Published: November 2019

This study aims to develop the application of information technology in the field of agriculture, especially the method of farming in a hydroponic way. Hydroponic cultivation method is cultivation that can be done with the utilization of vacant land/yard of the house. With a hydroponic cultivation system, a small home garden yard can be used as farming land. The research method used in this research is the Microsoft Solution Framework (MSF) with waterfall system development method and Object Oriented Development (OOD) method for its approach method. Stages in this study include problem identification, preliminary planning, design and design, piloting and implementation. The result of this research is a prototype product of an IoT system applied in a hydroponic cultivation system. Contributions to Knowledge may extend the repertoire of research in the field of development, particularly in the event of information technology involved in agriculture, especially in cultivation using hydroponics; The results can be used as references in the development of the next IoT system.
The Use of Edmodo-Based E-Learning Media in Improved Reading Interest with Whole Language Approach
Authors: Arwansyah Yanuar Bagas , Widyaningsih Nina , Daniswari Herwinda Putri
Published: November 2019

Technological developments provide many alternatives to learning. Edmodo application can be one of the alternatives in learning, one of them as a media to increase reading interest. Teachers’ teaching methods that are less appropriate to be a weak factor reading comprehension. To overcome this problem is used Edmodo-based Whole Language approach. This study aims to determine and describe the role of Edmodo in facilitating the learning process and its implementation to improve reading interest with the Whole Language approach. The object of this research is 25 students of SMA Negeri 2 Sragen, Indonesia. Data collection through observation, document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the Edmodo-based Whole Language approach has an excellent role in improving students’ reading and comprehension, seen with the ability to answer questionnaires based on text and discussion activities. Edmodo also provides student facilities to engage cognitively with places to discuss, do quizzes, and express ideas based on readings they have read. Students also responded to Edmodo’s use of reading learning. They consider Edmodo an interesting medium with features of discussion, quizzes, and can share reading material.
Angular Velocity and Acceleration Using Logger Pro magnetic Sensor
Authors: Oktaviyanti Dewi , Pramudya Yudhiakto
Published: November 2019

The Circular motion is one of physics learning topic that has number of physics parameter. There are angular velocity and angular acceleration. They are can be calculated and measured. The aim of this research is to measure angular velocity and angular acceleration using logger pro magnetic sensor on the top of the propeller by varying the speed fan. There is a magnet bar that is attached on propeller top surface. The magnetic sensor is placed on the top of it. The distance is 0.01 meter. The motion of the magnet bar follow the circular motion of the propeller. Hence, circular motion can be tracked by plotting the magnetic field intensity over time. The maximum angular velocity of speed 1, speed 2, speed 3 were 5.709 rad/s, 10.467 rad/s, and 10.467 rad/s, respectively. The maximum angular acceleration of speed 1, speed 2, speed 3 were 0.594 rad/s2, 2.492 rad/s2, and 2.492 rad/s2, respectively. The measuring of angular acceleration for each speed are obtained by value that are different. This is due to wind speed and the changed rotation that are different.
Working Memory on Mathematical Problem Solving Activity: Case Study in Low Ability Students
Authors: Utami Niken Wahyu , Warniasih Kristina
Published: November 2019

Working memory has a vital role in mathematical problem-solving activities. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the working memory in mathematical problem-solving activity in students with low ability. The central question was: How does low ability students at Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta on mathematical problem-solving activity? Research questions were as follows: 1) How does long-term memory influence student’s ability to problem-solving activity? 2) How does working memory influence on student’s mathematical problem-solving activity? Data was gathered from 3 participants through interviews; a follow up with a written interview and a reflective journal study. Data indicated that participants experienced have not mastered the prior skills needed to solve the differential problem, which led to delay in solving the problem. Findings also indicated that long-term memory and working memory influence speed of the problem-solving.
Mathematical Prolem Solving Ability in Apos Modified Learning Model (M-APOS)
Authors: Istikomah Dhian Arista , Jana Padrul
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe student’s mathematical problem solving abilities in the implementation of APOS modified learning model (M-APOS). This learning model adopts from APOS theory which apply activity, class discussion and exercise cycle. The type of this research is an explorative descriptive research with the subject is 37 respondents of UPY Mathematic Education Study Program’s students who joint the course of Group Theory. The data collection procedure is by observation, test, and interview. Respondents were given a written test of three questions related to problem solving abilities. From the results of the analysis it was found that the indicator of the ability to understand the problem, plan for completion, and solve the problem according to plan, the highest percentage was in high ability students with percentages of 76.12%, 60.05%, and 44.68%. This means that the ability of students to understand problems, plan for completion, and implement the plan in the implementation of the M-APOS learning model is in good category. While the indicator of re-examine for all steps reviews, the highest percentage is the moderate ability category with percentage is 39.28%. The implementation of APOS learning in this study is in very good category.
The Life Experiences of Sciencce and Mathematics Teachers– Mentors in Formulating Action Research to Enhance Learners’ Performance
Authors: Tupas Fernan P.
Published: November 2019

This qualitative research used the life experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers and their mentors utilizing observation, interview and focused group discussion (FGD) to formulate action research. Life experience in this study is the depiction and understanding of human experiences, choices, and options and how these interests influenced one’s perception of knowledge when engage in action research. One of the common problems in Department of Education (DepEd) is that very few teachers engaged in action research even though many of them have excellent innovations to help below average learners. The reasons for these failures were lack of interest and unambiguous understanding about action research, and the lack of supports from the administration and funding. Many of them attended trainings, workshops and conferences but all had focused on concepts; no actual implementations on the process to articulate the procedure on doing action research. The results in local and national achievement tests were below national standards. Thus, teachers with great potentials in doing action research must be recognized and mentored. Also, collaborative work with SUCs faculty or other agencies is also recommended to help basic education teachers to make innovative outputs into functional products to enhance learning among below average learners.
The Identification Difficulty of Quantitative Reasoning Process toward the Calculus Students’ Covariation Problem
Authors: Syarifuddin  , Nusantara T , Qohar A , Muksar M
Published: November 2019

This study aims to identify the calculus students’ difficulties who involve in the process of quantitative reasoning toward covariation problems. The students of mathematics education program who are taking the calculus involve as the subject in this research. The research process is done in some stages; namely: first, assigning covariation problem within 60 minutes. Second, correcting and selecting the results that show the student’s difficulties of the covariation problem, then it is followed by confirming students’ answers through task-based interview process. Further, the process analyzed qualitatively by describing the students’ difficulties in the reasoning process. The research results are the calculus students’ difficulties descriptions in quantitative reasoning problems of covariation process, including: 1) the difficulties in building quantitative structures to generate new quantities; 2) the difficulties in identifying the curved graph on the covariation problem due to the tendency of linear quantity construction; 3) there was 86,27% calculus students have difficulties in the quantitative reasoning toward covariation problem process.
The analysis of mathematic problem solving ability by polya steps on material trigonometric reviewed from self-regulated learning
Authors: Fahrudin D , Mardiyana  , Pramudya I
Published: November 2019

The problem solving ability is a personal capability to identify the existing condition and relate it to knowledge owned by students. The steps in problem solving according to Polya are problem understanding, planning, implementing and evaluating of problem solving. This is a descriptive qualitative research which aims to describe and analyze students’ ability in problem solving based on Polya’s steps reviewed from self-regulated learning. The subject of the research is two students in each SRL (high, middle, low). The method of collecting data is test and interview. The result of the research comes to the students with high SRL can apply the Polya steps. The students with middle SRL can apply the problem understanding step. In the step of planning, students write the strategy leading to the correct answer but it has not completed yet. In the implementation step, students do the planned strategy but less complete in doing the calculation and they give improper conclusion at the evaluation step. Meanwhile, the students with low SRL can understand the problem by writing down what they know and what is asked. At the planning step, students write the relevant strategy but improper as heading to incorrect answer. At the step of implementation, they do not do the strategy appropriately as well at the stage of evaluation.
Development of learning devices: brain-based learning and mathematics critical thinking
Authors: Susanti Vera Dewi , Adamura Fatriya , Lusiana Restu , Andari Tri
Published: November 2019

The low percentage of logarithms lesson only 22.36%[1]. The solution to overcoming the problems experienced by these students is through a brain-based learning approach that can help students to understand, think critically in solving logarithms problems. Development research is carried out using a modified 4-D model consisting of define, design, and develop. The research instruments used were validation sheets, legibility validation sheets, and student response questionnaires. Data analysis was performed on each data obtained with research instruments. The conclusion obtained is that the brain-based learning cooperative learning device in the form of good student worksheets has been achieved because the validator team states that the learning tools developed are valid, and the implementation of the trial, the device meets specific requirements. 81.23% above the minimum criteria value and 76 % of students experience an increase in cost from the previous value. This shows that using worksheets students can improve students’ critical thinking skills.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J. , Caspi Amir , Cohen Christina M.S. , Holman Gordon , Jing Ju , Kretzschmar Matthieu , Kontar Eduard P. , McTiernan James M. , Mewaldt Richard A. , O’Flannagain Aidan , Richardson Ian G. , Ryan Daniel , Warren Harry P. , Xu Yan
Published: November 2019

We investigate the global energetics and energy closure of various physical processes that are energetically important in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which includes: magnetic energies, thermal energies, nonthermal energies (particle acceleration), direct and indirect plasma heating processes, kinetic CME energies, gravitational CME energies, aerodynamic drag of CMEs, solar energetic particle events, EUV and soft X-ray radiation, white-light, and bolometric energies. Statistics on these forms of energies is obtained from 400 GOES M- and X-class events during the first 3.5 years of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission. A primary test addressed in this study is the closure of the various energies, such as the equivalence of the dissipated magnetic energies and the primary dissipated are energies (accelerated particles, direct heating, CME acceleration), which faciliate the energy of secondary processes (plasma heating, shock acceleration) and interactions with the solar wind (aerodynamic drag). Our study demonstrates energy closure in the statistical average, while individual events may have considerable uncertainties, requiring improved nonlinear force-free field models, and particle acceleration models with observationally constrained low-energy cutoffs.
On the origin of the polytropic behavior in space plasmas
Authors: Livadiotis George
Published: November 2019

The paper addresses the connection between the polytropic behavior – the specific power-law relationship among the thermal plasma moments– and the functional form of the distribution of particle velocities and energies. Surprisingly, the polytropic behavior requires the statistical mechanics of the plasma particles to turn to the framework of kappa distributions. While it was already known that kappa distributions can lead to the polytropic relationship, the new result shows that the reverse derivation is also true; thus, the polytropic behavior has the role of a mechanism generating kappa distributions. Therefore, when observations confirm the existence of a polytropic behavior in plasma particles, then the framework of kappa distributions for describing particle velocities and energies can be indirectly confirmed.
Observation of Suprathermal Tails of He+ Pickup Ions across Solar Wind Compression Regions with STEREO PLASTIC
Authors: Möbius E , Bower J , Aly A , Berger L , Farrugia C , Galvin A B , Keilbach D , Klecker B , Lee M A , Schwadron N A
Published: November 2019

The presence of suprathermal tails of solar wind and pickup ions in interplanetary space has been widely observed, even during quiet times with no simultaneous observation of solar energetic particles. One of the persistent characteristics of these tails have been power law spectra of the velocity distribution function with av−5dependence in the solar wind reference frame and exponential fall-off at higher energies, but variations in the spectra including those of other species have also been observed. Several attempts to explain the formation of suprathermal tails during quiet times have been made, among them continuing acceleration by compressive fluctuations of the solar wind and the stochastic superposition of exponential, Gaussian, and variable power law spectra from diffusive shock, stochastic, and other acceleration processes. We find here that acceleration is effective within compression regions with and without shocks. In the context of a superposed epoch analysis of the evolution of He+ pickup ion distributions across compression regions, we report on a related study of He+ tails, using STEREO PLASTIC data from 2007 through 2014. Quiet times have been selected based on limiting energetic He fluxes above the tail energies and based on the tail fluxes themselves. We find that the suprathermal tail flux is dependent on the compression strength and varies substantially across the compression region. The strongest tails with spectra somewhat steeper thanv−5occur in the compressed fast solar wind, and they decrease rapidly with distance from the preceding and following compression into the rarefaction region, when using an unbiased data sample and applying a quiet time criterion based on higher energy ions. This may be consistent with the compressions being a potential source of the tails. When applying a quiet time criterion based on the observed tail fluxes, the temporal evolution disappears, possibly implicating a selection of the lower end of a Poisson distribution of tail count rates, rendering such a selection unusable for temporal evolution studies.
Comparisons Between the Field Lines Using an Accelerating and a Constant Solar Wind model
Authors: Tasnim S. , Cairns Iver H. , Wheatland M. S. , Li B. , Zank Gary P.
Published: November 2019

Magnetic field line mapping between the Sun and the Earth is important to trace the nonthermal particles. We generalize a recently developed mapping approach (B stepping) where this approach allows us to map the magnetic field lines by stepping along the local magnetic field direction. We employ an advanced solar wind model which includes acceleration, angular momentum conservation, and intrinsic non-radial velocities and magnetic fields at the inner boundary / source surface. We map the field lines using Wind spacecraft data for two solar rotation periods: one near a solar minimum between CR2118 and CR2119 and other CR1992 near a solar maximum. Maps using the accelerating solar wind model are compared with the maps using a constant solar wind model. On a broad scale, maps using two solar wind models for the same solar rotation periods are very similar. However, in a small scale, there are significant differences, e.g. differences are evident in connectivities, paths, and winding angles. In addition, field lines using the accelerating solar wind model are more azimuthally oriented for during the solar maximum. These differences demonstrate the significance of inclusion of the accelerating radial speed profile, intrinsic azimuthal velocity and magnetic field components.
Characteristics of a Langmuir Soliton Observed in a Solar Type III Burst
Authors: Thejappa G. , MacDowall R. J.
Published: November 2019

We present the high time resolution in situ observations of a Langmuir wave packet obtained by the STEREO WAVES experiment in the source region of a solar type III radio burst. This wave packet is unique in the sense that it occurs as an intense localized one-dimensional magnetic field aligned wave packet with peak intensity well in excess of the threshold for the oscillating two stream instability (OTSI), soliton formation and related strong turbulence processes. Most importantly, the measured half-width of this wave packet is approximately equal to the expected half-width of a Langmuir soliton with the same peak intensity as that of the wave packet. Furthermore, a density cavity is created by the ponder-motive force of this wave packet as expected of a Langmuir soliton. These findings indicate that the observed wave packet is most likely a Langmuir soliton formed as a result of the balance between the non-linearity related self-compression and the dispersion related spreading. We discuss the implication of these observations for theories of solar type III radio bursts.
Isotopic Fractionation in 3He-rich SEP Events
Authors: Wiedenbeck M E , Mason G M , Klecker B
Published: November 2019

A well established characteristic of 3He-rich solar energetic particle events is a pattern of abundance enhancements relative to normal solar system values that increase approximately monotonically with atomic number (or mass), leading to enhancements that can exceed 100× for the heaviest elements relative to oxygen. In a 2018 paper, Mason and Klecker (M&K) suggested that the heavy element enhancements could be due to characteristics of the stopping powers of low-energy nuclei penetrating thin layers of H gas or plasma. We present results of a new calculation of enhancements in a H gas and show them to be in reasonable agreement with the M&K results. Studies of heavy-element isotopic composition in 3He-rich events using data from ACE/SIS have also shown that heavier isotopes of an element typically exhibit significant abundance enhancements relative to lighter isotopes of the same element. We applied the new calculation to investigate whether the observed isotopic fractionation can be explained using the M&K H-gas model with the same parameters that account for the heavy-element abundances and found that the measured isotopic enhancements are significantly greater than the predicted values. A search of a larger parameter space was also not able to reconcile the elemental and isotopic enhancement values. However, this search did reveal trends in the dependence on the model parameters that merit further investigation.
LTE massive MIMO (Pre-5G) test for land-to-boat scenarios in Oslo fjord
Authors: Yang Kun , Zhou Ning , Røste Terje , Neskvern Heiki , Eriksen John
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a 3-day Pre-5G LTE test campaign was performed in Oslo fjord. A detailed description of the LTE test campaign including base station radio coverage, route design, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) placement, weather conditions and other related info is given. The measured data were analysed according to LOS and NLOS scenarios. For the LOS Scenario, the averaged Received Signal strengths (RSS) vary along the routes from -55 dBm to -85 dBm (about 30 dB), while the averaged standard deviations change from 2 dB to 7 dB. It is also found that most of the cross-covariance between the signal strength obtained in the front CPE and the rear CPE is less than 0.7 with the antenna separation of 10-meter on the sail boat, which suggests a potential for multi-user diversity in the similar radio propagation environments. For the NLOS scenario, it can be found that some of the RSS results are less than 80 dBm, and partly the radio link was lost (no recording), which limits the corresponding conclusion. The RSS was found to be between -80 dBm and -100 dBm at the TX-RX distances up to 27 km, which shows the potential of a long coverage up to 27 km at 3.7 GHz by using the pre-5G solutions for the maritime applications.
A Review of the current Collision Regulations to accommodate Multiple Ship Situations and MASS
Authors: Francis Captain Frederick James
Published: November 2019

The age of sailing ships and primitive tools has evolved into one of power-driven vessels with sophisticated equipment that can substitute the navigating navigator with a monitoring navigator or remove the human onboard. The technology exists but in order to embrace it to bring about safer seas, current legislation and practices need to be reviewed to provide comfort and clarity for dynamic transformation to take place. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the current collision regulations and humbly suggests some revisions to ensure safe intelligent navigation. Collision avoidance is not about a ship meeting another ship with the actions regulated. Realistically, the navigator is faced with a multitude of ships and situations where the risk of collision may exist with several vessels needing to take avoiding action or requiring to maintain course and speed as dictated by the current rules. SMART technology can provide speedy and reliable computed actions to assist the navigator, reducing human error or the widely differing actions that might be taken by individual humans. Ultimately, unmanned ships may be the future of shipping as eradicating human error is only possible if the human is removed. Collating measurable effective actions from reputed ship masters for a multitude of collision scenarios and programming them into an artificial intelligence system, will provide stable and predictable collision avoidance actions that can be shared on inclusive platforms with other ships in the vicinity. This removes the varied action of humans and synchronizes manned vessels with MASS providing accurate predictive movements and big data computation. It is timely that the current collision regulations are reviewed and complications addressed to render clarity and simplicity with MASS treated no different. As we harmonize technology and humans with a defined regulatory framework that embraces both, only then can the desired goals become a reality.
A Business Process Framework and Operations Map for Maritime Autonomous and Unmanned Shipping: MAUSOM
Authors: Bastiaansen PhD H J M (Harrie) , Lazovik Msc E (Elena) , Breejen Msc E (Eric) den , Broek PhD J (Hans) van den
Published: November 2019

Maritime autonomous and unmanned shipping have considerable potential for cost-effective and safe cargo or passenger transport and other maritime operations. Such a manner of shipping will introduce operations chains with new roles and responsibilities. Widescale adoption requires an agreed upon overarching business process framework and operations map. Therefore, this paper introduces MAUSOM: the Maritime Autonomous and Unmanned Shipping Operations Map. Within the maritime industry and research community MAUSOM can be used as a shared blueprint for (re-)designing the operations processes and for defining the supporting functional capabilities. Furthermore, it structures the task allocation process to identify those tasks that can and those that (currently) cannot be allocated to software modules. Furthermore, it enables the definition of the data models needed for the overall system design. The MAUSOM methodology is based on the similar and successful enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) framework approach from the telecommunication sector [11]. MAUSOM uses Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA), which has a long tradition as human factors’ functional decomposition method for engineering maritime operations. This paper describes MAUSOM, the benefits of its standardization and adoption for various stakeholders in the maritime shipping operations chain and addresses its development and deployment governance aspects.
Urban mobility at sea and on waterways in Norway
Authors: Tannum M. S. , Ulvensøen J. H.
Published: November 2019

This paper gives an overview of current urban mobility projects in Norway and discusses autonomous short- distance ferries. Five projects are presented, with mobility concepts and timelines. A discussion is given regarding the motivation for and major challenges of autonomous water-based urban transport.
A taxonomy for autonomous vehicles for different transportation modes
Authors: Vagia Marialena , Rødseth Ørnulf Jan
Published: November 2019

To be autonomous, systems must be able to capture, perceive, analyse, plan, make decisions and act without human intervention. These characteristics are very important and should be carried out in real time. This is what creates the challenge for autonomous systems to come out and become established players in real world. Different autonomous vehicles that are used in different environments, constrained or not, like roads, rails, overwater, underwater, air, need to have different capabilities and characteristics and in addition pose different kind of challenges that need to be overcome. Therefore, there exists many taxonomies that have been proposed by researchers with different backgrounds in order to address the needs of their specific systems in the most effective way. However, there is some common base between the different taxonomies that are proposed for various vehicles and it would be beneficial to try and learn from the experience of the approaches proposed. In this paper, we try to compare the most frequently proposed taxonomies in autonomous vehicles operating in different modes and help the readers find the similarities and differences amongst them.
A generic testbed for simulation and physical-based testing of maritime cyber-physical system of systems
Authors: Rüssmeier N , Lamm A , Hahn A
Published: November 2019

e-Navigation Systems are CPSoS, which are regarded as systems based on systems with physical and information technology-based components. SoS are usually open systems which can have emerging behaviour and are not fully defined during design time. Future maritime bridge systems, for instance, will be embedded into the vessel infrastructure and its navigation and safety subsystems receive continuous updates and additional functionalities for the ship’s command and navigation. Suitable testbeds are required to support the technological and regulatory development and certification processes. To support the development and integration of CPS, this paper introduces the testbed eMIR as an open and modular research, development and test environment. The test environment is suitable for early testing, validation and verification or demonstration of new maritime technologies in a complex simulation environment (traffic, environment and sensors) and supports a seamless transfer of these technologies from a virtual into a physical testbed. eMIR comprised various interconnected virtual and physical components via a standardised co-simulation environment based on HLA, combined with a message passing middleware as a backbone for the physical testbed elements. The testbed was effectively applied in various maritime projects for the evaluation of maritime technologies in navigation, management and surveillance or maritime (transportation) systems.
Use of Uncertainty Zones for Vessel Operation in Inland Waterways
Authors: Kotzé Marcus , Junaid Ali Bin , Afzal Muhammad Raheel , Peeters Gerben , Slaets Peter
Published: November 2019

European inland waterways represent an underutilised avenue of transport. Increased use of this avenue has the possibility to decrease emissions and remove traffic from congested roadways. However, there is a shortage of skilled shippers and labour costs threaten to make waterway transport economically unviable. By creating smart ships, the requirement for skilled shippers decreases. The Hull-to-Hull (H2H) project, part of the European Horizon 2020 program, aims to do this through various methods, one of which is the creation of a smart ship navigation system. This system makes use of uncertainty zones in its display and control software to assist a vessel’s helmsman in making safe navigation decisions. Based on the ship’s dynamics and current operating scenario, the uncertainty zones will change shape and size, and different notifications will be given to the helmsman based on the overlapping of the uncertainty zones. This paper focusses on the uncertainty zone based navigation system currently being developed for the inland waterway use case.
Study on Automatic Collision Avoidance System and Method for Evaluating Collision Avoidance Manoeuvring Results
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Okada Naoki , Kuwahara Satoru , Kutsuna Koji , Nakashima Takuya , Ando Hideyuki
Published: November 2019

The authors have two goals that want to achieve. One is development of an automatic collision avoidance system for unmanned autonomous ships. And the other one is development of evaluation method of automatic collision avoidance manoeuvring results. In this paper, the outline of the developed automatic collision avoidance system and the result of the verification test on the actual ship navigating in congested waters are introduced. And also a discussion of the relationship between COLREGs and the desirable automatic collision avoidance system and methods for quantitatively assessing the desirable automatic collision avoidance system are introduced. In addition, quantitative comparison by the proposed evaluation system between the manoeuvring results of the automatic collision avoidance system and the veteran captain’s manoeuvring results are introduced.
Integrated Maritime Autonomous Transport Systems (IMAT)
Authors: Fjørtoft K E , Haugen Tony
Published: November 2019

There is an increasing focus on autonomous transport systems, and Norway has a technological and market advantage for such systems in the maritime segment. The national transport plan emphasizes that it is an objective to transfer more cargo onto keel. The MarOff, Maritim21, Hav21 programs and the political platform agrees, that autonomous vessels are an important part of this effort. Sea transport must be competitive with regard to price, efficiency and regularity, and should also have an environmental gain as well as a risk reduction.

Autonomous transport systems are one of the means of moving cargo tranport from truck to ship, but it must be documented that an autonomous transport operation can be carried out effectively, safely, and with enough barriers against errors. Land-based infrastructure will be important for the success of autonomous shipping. This paper will describe the IMAT project’s objectives regarding definition, development and testing of land-based sensors, communication and control systems for support of an autonomous transport operation. The technological infrastructure will be able to give the transport system increased sensor redundancy and is integrated with shore control centres that will ensure safe and efficient operation. Land-based infrastructure is crucial for the safe implementation of autonomous maritime transport systems and has been given less focus compared to the autonomous vessel itself. This is what we will address within the IMAT project.
Prediction of vessel propulsion power using machine learning on AIS data, ship performance measurements and weather data
Authors: Liang Q , Tvete H A , Brinks H W
Published: November 2019

The aim of this paper is to utilize AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, ship propulsion power measurements and weather data and apply different machine learning (traditional and deep learning) methods to develop improved models to predict ship propulsion power. The performance between different traditional machine learning methods and deep learning with different architectures were compared and discussed. Two scenarios were explored: 1) Training a machine learning model on one container ship significantly improved the predictions of power demand as compared to a physics-based model, with an R2 score of 0.78 compared to 0.48. 2) A machine learning model was also trained on several container ships. This scenario, where the test data with other container ships was not included in the training dataset, also showed better prediction with machine learning than physics-based model, with an improvement in R2 score from 0.69 to 0.85. However, the use of the trained machine learning model on other ship types showed varying results and especially when the vessel size differed significantly from vessels in the training data, data-driven models showed limitations. For vessels of similar size, however, machine learning for other ship types showed improvements.
Team and Research Based Learning Methods Applied in Multidisciplinary Marine Engineering Education
Authors: Nejad Amir R. , Aoyanagi Yuriko , Ibrion Michaela
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an integrated team-based, and research-based learning approach utilized in lecturing multidisciplinary marine engineering courses. The approach is exemplified during one month Ocean Engineering Summer School program at the Marine Technology Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, for a group of students from different universities across Japan. Students with engineering background, but not necessarily marine, joined to learn fundamentals of marine technology, including structure, hydrodynamic and dynamic response analysis presented through offshore structures, subsea equipment, pipelines, offshore wind energy, marine machinery and marine operations. The marine industry has moved toward digitalization and this aspect was an important part of the curriculum, both in terms of tools and methods lectured and employed for each discipline and industrial examples for instance simulation-based design and operation demonstration. An integrated team-based (TBL) and research-based (RBL) learning approach was employed. The outcomes and positive feedback from students and the Nippon Foundation Ocean Innovation Consortium demonstrated that RBL integrated with TBL shifts the students from being “audiences” in the classroom to “active participants”. The program was enriched with a rich cultural program which was found very helpful in learning process by the students. Moreover, the industrial insights added value for implementing the TBL and RBL. The marine engineering development and needs to adopt engineering education for modern marine industry, call for innovative and adaptive educational methods and this article presents some of the innovative methods which can be employed.
Autonomous marine vehicles in sea surveillance as one of the COMPASS2020 project concerns
Authors: Bauk Sanja , Kapidani Nexhat , Lukšic Žarko , Rodrigues Filipe , Sousa Luís
Published: November 2019

Coordination Of Maritime assets for Persistent And Systematic Surveillance (COMPASS2020) is an EU H2020 project, which has as an overarching goal deployment of Unmanned Vehicles (UxV) - aerial, sea surface and underwater ones, in addition to manned offshore patrol vessels, to enhance current maritime border surveillance operations regarding detection of irregular migrants and narcotics smugglers. This paper gives an overview of several research projects on autonomous marine vehicles, as a key technological, organizational and legislative issue within the project scope: Kaisa, an autonomous vessel prototype built at SAMK Faculty of Logistics and Maritime Technology in Rauma (Finland). Autonomous Ships 101 from Solent University in Southampton (England). A review of other articles has served as a comparative analysis to the surveillance assets proposed by COMPASS2020.
Dynamic ‘Standing Orders’ for Autonomous Navigation System by means of Machine Learning
Authors: Scheidweiler Tina , Burmeister Hans-Christoph , Hübner Sören , Jahn Carlos
Published: November 2019

Globalisation and new environmental legislations lead to a rising need for new technological developments for the shipping industry, espacially creating smart ports and smart waterways. Thus, Maritime Autonomus Surface Ships (MASS) are on the horizon. In order to be able to operate safely in the presence of other vessels, a module that dynamically determines action ranges for avoidance manoeuvres based on machine learning algorithms will be developed. Using historical AIS data, which provide ship’s dynamic as well as static and voyage related data, ship trajectories and thus historical encounter situations of ships are extracted. Using k-means clustering, navigational behaviour of the vessels during an encounter situation can be examined and predicted for future encounter situations.
Retention of albumin in Indonesian shortfin eel meat (Anguilla bicolor) by freeze-drying encapsulation using maltodextrin and gum Arabic as coating materials
Authors: Rawendra R D S , Kosasih H , Lo D
Published: November 2019

Indonesian shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor) or locally known as sidat eel is one of Indonesia’s important export commodity owing to its nutritional value such as albumin. In this study, encapsulation of freeze-dried sidat eel meat (EM) by biopolymers such as maltodextrin (MD) and and gum Arabic (GA) was examined to find the most effective method to retain its albumin content. Emulsion of biopolymers with a constant weight ratio percentage of 8.00% (w/w, coating material/sidat eel meat) and four different proportions of MD and GA were prepared using a homogenizer, followed by freeze-drying. The 4 different proportions were named T1 (EM 92% + GA 5.33% + MD 2.67%), T2 (EM 92% + GA 2.91% + MD 5.09%), T3 (EM 92% + GA 2.00% + MD 6.00%) and T4 (EM 92% + GA 1.52% + MD 6.46%), respectively. Powders were characterized for its physico-chemical characteristics including colour measurements, moisture content, water solubility, and retention of albumin content. It was observed that T4 consisting of EM with addition of GA (1.52%) and MD (6.46%) as coating materials retained the highest amount of albumin. The encapsulation efficiency were positively influenced by moisture content, solubility and colour measurement differences. To conclude, a mixture of gum Arabic and maltodextrin as coating materials was efficient to retain albumin in EM freeze-drying encapsulation. This necessary information may be valuable to researchers working on food supplements or functional food development.
Nutrition Evaluation of Indonesian Shortfin Eel (Anguilla bicolor) Meat for Functional Food Development
Authors: Febrianta Harvey , Rawendra Reynetha D.S.
Published: November 2019

This research presented that Shortfin Eel (Anguilla bicolor) has a high nutrient content that is useful as a component to maintain the body tissues and potential to be developed as functional food. This study aims to obtain scientific data about the nutritional value of fresh and boiled eel meat. The analysis included proximate and cholesterol content. Analysis performed on eel meat included proximate analysis (AOAC), and cholesterol level analysis (Liebermann-Buchard Color Reaction). The experimental design applied in this study was an independent T-Test analysis to compare the mean of the two groups unrelated to 5% significant level. The parameters measured were Proximate Composition (Moisture, Ash, Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate), and Cholesterol level. The results showed that boiling process of eel meat significantly affected the decrease in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and cholesterol levels. Decreased levels of fat due to the influence of heat during the boiling process followed by a decrease in cholesterol. Cholesterol levels of fresh eel meat was 68,96 ± 0,40 mg/100 g decreased to 65,06 ± 0,36 mg/100 g after boiling.
The study of laminate concrete between geopolymer and conventional
Authors: Qomaruddin Mochammad , Sudarno
Published: November 2019

Lamination method on concrete is the combination of two different kinds of concrete namely conventional concrete made of cement as binder and geopolymer concrete by using fly ash. This combination aims to know the setting time happened in the conventional paste as well as the geopolymer paste with similar fas percentage and to obtain the comparison of the compressive strength point of the concrete by using similar mixed design concept. In this study, the variation of the specimens consist of full conventional concrete, full geopolymer concrete, laminated concrete A, laminate concrete B, and laminate concrete C. Based on the result of the study, it can be seen that the concrete was always increase along with the increasing age of the concrete. The higher compressive strength from the five variations of the specimen were on full geopolymer concrete with 362.96 kg/cm2 as the compressive strength point and the increasing percentage in 14 days was 30.71 % and for 28 days was 47,59%. While on the laminate concrete, the highest compressive strength was on laminate concrete B with the arrangement method of half conventional method and half geopolymer concrete with vertical concrete position. The compressive strength point of the laminate concrete B was 268.15 kg/cm2, while for full conventional concrete was 202.96 kg/cm2. This conventional concrete was on the fourth composition after full geopolymer concrete, laminate concrete B, and laminate concrete A.