bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the state of modern scientific opinion on the issue of organizing passenger transportation by various modes of transport
Authors: Dolia Olena
Published: July 2022

The scientific research is carried out on the issue of determining current global trends in approaches to the organization of passenger transportation in the operation of various types of transport. The latest publications reflecting the study of the process of passenger transportation by routes of various types of communication were taken into account. It is established that scientists identify many tasks and problems in the organization of passenger transportation. These tasks include determining vehicle schedules, protecting passengers 'health while driving, ensuring certain conditions for passengers' comfort before flights start, and many others. Problematic issues include, among other things, the following: driving time, the quality and impact of Station service, the organization of interaction between Station service vehicles, the safety component of the transportation process, determining the impact of service comfort when determining the method of transportation, and others. From the analysis, it is determined that the issue of passenger organization is relevant and is being studied for the processes of passenger transportation from urban to intercontinental routes, and such issues are relevant for all types of transport. It can be noted that the issues of Ecology and passenger Health Protection have recently gained popularity and are considered by scientists when studying the conditions of passengers ' stay in the cabin when receiving transportation services. To a large extent, recently the attention of scientists has been drawn to the issue of establishing the comfort of passenger service before traveling at the stages of booking/buying tickets, waiting for a flight on the territories of airports or railway stations. An opinion is expressed about the influence of such comfort on the subconscious decision-making of passengers in determining the method of Transportation. It is noted that the level of Organization of passenger service is a significant factor in planning the station load. Based on the results of the literature analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: the issues of organizing passenger transportation are relevant, the study of the integrated functioning of the passenger transportation system is relevant and implemented by modeling such processes, mathematical, computer and other simulation models are used in such simulations. When conducting computer simulations, among other things, resistance factors determine the time and comfort of riding.
Results of ethnoecological studies in the prospect of forest tourism development in Tenganan Pegringsingan traditional village, Karangasem, Bali
Authors: Wijana Nyoman , Citrawathi Desak Made , Mulyadiharja Sanusi , Julyasih Ketut Srie Marhaeni , Dewi Ni Putu Sri Ratna
Published: July 2022

This study mainly discusses the lack of implementation of forest development as a tourist attraction in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia. This research aims to implement the results of ethnoecological studies to develop the Bukit Kangin Forest tourism in the traditional village of Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karangasem, Bali. The population in this study area is considered in two aspects, namely the ecosystem aspect and the socio-system one. The population of the ecosystem consists of all plant species in Bukit Kangin, while the population in the socio-system aspect is the entire community of Tenganan Pegringsingan traditional village. The sample of this research from the ecosystem aspect includes plant species covered by squares with a size of 20×20 meters including tree habitus (nature), 10×10 meters (which includes sapling), and squares with a size of 1×1 meters including seedling habitus. The number of squares is 65 squared. For the community sample, community components are selected with a total sample of 50 people. The ecosystem data collection uses the quadratic method with systematic sampling techniques. Meanwhile, the data collection is carried out by interview, observation sheets, and questionnaires. The data related to ecosystem was analysed using ecological statistical analysis, while the data related to the socio-system were analysed descriptively. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prospects for forest tourism development. The conclusions of this study are the following: (1) the results of ethnoecological studies in the Bukit Kangin forest, Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, Karangasem, Bali, has the prospect of being developed into forest tourism as an alternative and complementary tourist destination; (2) Some of the results of ethnoecological studies and supported by socio-system that interact with each other can be in the form of plant species composition equipped with descriptions, utilization, processing methods and products of useful plant species. The results of ethnobotanical and ethnobiological studies are very supportive in the development of forest tourism in the Kangin hills, Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karang Asem, Bali.
Keywords: Ethnoecological, Forest Tourism, Tenganan Pegringsingan
An escape room activity to teach transitions-of-care: Student perceptions and lessons learned
Authors: Palasik Brittany N. , Cho Hae Jin , Atanda Adenike , Yuet Wei C.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Outside of experiential pharmacy education, there is a lack of curricular innovations focused on teaching transitions-of-care (TOC) to pharmacy students.   
Description of Innovation: A TOC escape room activity was implemented for pharmacy students after learning about diabetes management in the didactic curriculum. A perceptions survey and pre-and post-activity knowledge assessment were administered to assess student knowledge attainment and allow for continual improvement of the activity.   
Evaluation: The majority of students perceived that the escape room activity improved their readiness to treat patients with diabetes during care transitions. The escape room significantly improved knowledge, as demonstrated by an increase in mean scores between pre-and post-activity knowledge assessments.   
Future Implementation: Though the escape room activity was perceived by pharmacy students as an enjoyable opportunity to apply material from a didactic setting, many challenges related to content development, assessment administration, logistics, and material complexity were experienced.
An Overview of Dental Implant and Its Bio Mineralization Screening
Authors: Ramachandran M , Sivaji Chinnasami , Sriram Soniya
Published: July 2022

Dental and oral health is yours overall health and well-being are an essential part. Poor oral hygiene cavities and gums lead to diseases and are associated with heart disease, cancer and diabetes. Healthy teeth and maintaining the gums is a lifelong duty. Brushing, brushing and sugar intake if you quickly learn proper oral hygiene habits such as restraint, Expensive dental treatments and long-term health problems can be easily avoided. And may include the following: Keeping mouth and teeth clean to prevent. Dental care is the maintenance of healthy teeth; Oral hygiene is a dental problem in maintaining healthy teeth and gums, proper brushing, plaque removal, oral hygiene. A specialized tooth the office runs where you can brush your teeth for free and get a 20 percent discount on other dental related services. Tooth decay is caused by eating too many sweets and not brushing your teeth afterward. The dental hygienist assists the dentist in cleaning patients' teeth before doing any other work.
TÜRKİYE’DE SİYASİ PARTİLERİN YOLSUZLUKLA MÜCADELEYE BAKIŞLARI: PARTİ PROGRAMLARINA DAYALI BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AKSU Hüseyin
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de siyasi partilerin yolsuzlukla mücadeleye bakışlarını 24 Haziran 2018 genel seçimi sonrası TBMM’de grubu bulunan partilerin parti programları üzerinden ele almaktadır. Öncelikle yolsuzluğun tanımı, türleri ve etkileri ile yozluğun nedenleri ve yolsuzlukla mücadeleye ilişkin teorik çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Her partinin parti programında yer alan yolsuzlukla mücadeleye ilişkin verilerin analizinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi ve doküman analizi yöntemi birlikte kullanılmıştır. Parti programlarından elde edilen veriler sonuç kısmında karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: TBMM’de grubu bulunan partilerden HDP’nin parti programında yolsuzlukla mücadeleye ilişkin herhangi bir politika bulunmamaktadır. AK Parti, CHP ve İYİ Parti yolsuzlukla mücadelede idari ve yasal düzenlenmelerle yolsuzluğu önlemeye ve cezalandırmaya yönelik kurumsal politikaları vurgularken, MHP’nin benzer kurumsal politikalar ile yolsuzlukla mücadeleye ilişkin toplumsal farkındalık oluşturmayı hedefleyen daha kapsamlı politikalar belirlediği görülmektedir.
ZNAČAJ JAVNOG PREDUZEĆA „POŠTA SRBIJE“ U OSTVARIVANjU ZAŠTITE OSNOVNIH PRAVA, SLOBODA I INTERESA PRAVNIH SUBJEKATA
Authors:   Faculty of Business Studies and Law, University ", Opačić Ana ,   Union - Nikola Tesla",   in Belgrade, Vrhovšek Vladimir , Đorđević Sandra
Published: July 2022

The present and the future of the protectionof freedom and rights of citizens and interest of legal entities, while ensuring constitutionality and legality by the court in its proceedings is performed by proper court delivery service, as it enables the parties to take part and discuss before the court. The importance of proper court delivery service in a judicial proceeding is recognized by many countries, and by our own. The key and active role in proper delivery in the judicial proceeding is performed by PE "Pošta Srbije", which has public authorities. Within that public authority, PE Post of Serbia provides universal postal services, which include reception, transport, and delivery of documents during the court proceedings. Therefore, the PE "Pošta Srbije", as a public enterprise that holds public authority and court, as a state body, are in the present and future at the service of citizens and legal entitiesfor them to protect their freedom, rights, and interests in court proceedings, within a reasonable time and thus attaining the right to a fair trial.
USLUGE U DIGITALNOM OKRUŽENjU: NOVI ASPEKT MEĐUNARODNOG SUBJEKTIVITETA NEDRŽAVNIH SUBJEKATA?
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Dakic Dragan
Published: July 2022

The subject of research in this paper is the possibility of non-state international subjects, corporations, to provide ius ad bellum services in the digital environment, but not only to the States but also to other non-state entities. Ius ad bellum services in the digital environment refer to the ability of the observed entities to get involved in cyberwarfare via services they provide. Cyberwarfare is considered to be equivalent of armed conflicts due to its destructive effects on property, critical infrastructure and human lives. This is the reason to to classify the observed services under activities from the domain of ius ad bellum. The research was framed as such because the digital environment enabled non-state subjects to undertake acts that were traditionally subsumed within the ambit of States subjectivity. The main results of the research elucidated suchlike services provision establishes international relations between non-state entities which is followed by full legislative capacity of the parties. In this way, the international subjectivity of companies was upgraded from passive, which provided them only with duties to respect but not to create international law, to to active subjectivity, which implies their international legislative capacity. Thus, the development of digital services enabled corporations as bearers of passive subjectivity to acquire active international subjectivity or at least developed a new aspect of it.
MASS-SPECTROMETER DIAGNOSTICS COMPLEX WITH CRYOGENIC NITROGEN TRAP
Authors: Tsybenko S.A. , Kramskoj E.D. , Korovin V.B. , Yevsyukov A.V. , Lozin A.V. , Moiseenko V.E. , Kholomyeyev G.A. , Gribanov V.Yu. , Kozulya M.M. , Maznichenko S.M. , Krasyuk A.Yu. , Baron D.I. , Team Uragan TwoM
Published: July 2022

The measuring complex with the cryogenic nitrogen trap [1] was created to monitor the gas composition in the stellarator Uragan-2M chamber. The complex provides several gas sampling options for the research: directly from the vacuum chamber, and condensed gas from the cryogenic trap chamber after its being heated. A new measuring cryogenic trap with its own valves was developed to implement the second method. It is necessary to provide such a state of the internal vacuum surfaces of the complex so that the background gas emission from the walls of the measuring vacuum chamber does not lead to the measurement errors in order to obtain more accurate mass spectral data. The heating of the chamber walls and continuous RF discharge at frequencies of 6…8 MHz and the power of 1 kW without a magnetic field was planned to used for this purpose. Two RF antennas, rod and planar, were designed.
Impact of Health Infrastructure on Child Health in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Gillani Seemab , Bhatti Muhammad Azhar , Ali Anum , Ahmad Tusawar Iftikhar
Published: July 2022

The objective of the study is to find the impact of health infrastructure on child health in Punjab, Pakistan. The study used the panel data collected from Punjab development statistics (PDS) between 2010 and 2016 for 35 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the current analysis. Child health in terms of infant mortality and underweight is used as dependent variable and health infrastructures, ownership of house, receiving remittances, physical access to safe drinking water, improved sanitation are independent variables. Health infrastructure is the index of four variables number of hospitals, number of dispensaries, number of mother and child health center and number of rural health centers. Results of the study conclude that health infrastructure is an important determinant of child health. There is a strong positive influence of health infrastructure in terms of different type of hospitals, dispensaries, rural health centers and mother and child health care centers is found on child health.
Comparison of Medication Adherence and Treatment Persistence between New Oral Anticoagulant and Warfarin among Patients
Authors: Lai Yi Feng , Neo Jun Kai , Cheen Mcvin HH , Kong Ming Chai , Tai Bee Choo , Ng Heng Joo
Published: July 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to compare medication adherence and treatment persistence of patients on warfarin versus rivaroxaban in Singapore. A secondary objective was to identify significant covariates influencing adherence. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted where data from September 2009 to October 2014 was retrieved from the hospital electronic databases. Prescription records of rivaroxaban patients with 3 months or more of continuous prescription were extracted and compared against those of patients on warfarin. Primary outcome of adherence was determined based on the medication possession ratio (MPR), while treatment persistence was determined by outpatient clinic appointment gaps. Results: A total of 94 rivaroxaban and 137 warfarin users were analysed by complete case analysis. The MPR of warfarin patients was lower than rivaroxaban patients by 10% (95% CI, 6.4% to 13.6%; P <0.0001). Also, there were more warfarin patients who had gaps in treatment persistence compared to those prescribed rivaroxaban (8.0% vs 1.1%; P = 0.03). Significant factors affecting medication adherence were age and duration of anticoagulant use. For every 10-year increase in age, MPR increased by 1.7% (95% CI, 0.7% to 2.8%). Similarly, for every year increase in duration of use, MPR increased by 1.8% (95% CI, 0.6% to 3.0%). Race, gender, concomitant medication and type of residence were not found to be significant covariates in the multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Patients on rivaroxaban are likely to be more adherent to their prescribed oral anticoagulant with increasing age and duration of treatment influencing adherence.

Key words: Compliance, Medication possession ratio, Oral anticoagulation, Rivaroxaban
Prevalence, Presentation, and Outcome of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction among Patients Presenting with Undifferentiated Dyspnoea to the Emergency Room: A 10-year Analysis from a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Ruan Wen , Lim Swee Han , Ding Zee Pin , Sim David KL , Gao Fei , Gunasegaran Kurugulasigamoney , Kwok Bernard WK , Tan Ru San
Published: July 2022

Introduction: We assessed the local prevalence, characteristics and 10-year outcomes in a heart failure (HF) cohort from the emergency room (ER). Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with acute dyspnoea to ER were prospectively enrolled from December 2003 to December 2004. HF was diagnosed by physicians’ adjudication based on clinical assessment and echocardiogram within 12 hours, blinded to N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) results. They were stratified into heart failure with preserved (HFPEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Results: At different cutoffs of LVEF of ≥50%, ≥45%, ≥40%, and >50% plus excluding LVEF 40% to 50%, HFPEF prevalence ranged from 38% to 51%. Using LVEF ≥50% as the final cutoff point, at baseline, HFPEF (n = 35), compared to HFREF (n = 55), had lower admission NT-proBNP (1502 vs 5953 pg/mL, P <0.001), heart rate (86 ± 22 vs 98 ± 22 bpm, P = 0.014), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (75 ± 14 vs 84 ± 20 mmHg, P = 0.024). On echocardiogram, compared to HFREF, HFPEF had more LV concentric remodelling (20% vs 2%, P = 0.003), less eccentric hypertrophy (11% vs 53%, P <0.001) and less mitral regurgitation from functional mitral regurgitation (60% vs 95%, P = 0.027). At 10 years, compared to HFREF, HFPEF had similar primary endpoints of a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and rehospitalisation for congestive heart failure (CHF) (HR 0.886; 95% CI, 0.561 to 1.399; P = 0.605), all-cause mortality (HR 0.663; 95% CI, 0.400 to 1.100; P = 0.112), but lower cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.307; 95% CI, 0.111 to 0.850; P = 0.023). Conclusion: In the long term, HFPEF had higher non-cardiovascular mortality, but lower cardiovascular mortality compared to HFREF.

Key words: Acute heart failure, Asian, Prognosis
Smartphone Imaging in Ophthalmology: A Comparison with Traditional Methods on the Reproducibility and Usability for Anterior Segment Imaging
Authors: Chen David ZY , Tan Clement WT
Published: July 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the reproducibility and usability of anterior segment images taken from a smartphone stabilised on a slit-lamp with those taken from a custom-mounted slit-lamp camera. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single-blind comparative digital imaging validation study. Digital photographs of patients with cataract were taken using a smartphone camera (an iPhone 5) on a telescopic mount and a Canon EOS 10D anterior segment camera. Images were graded and compared according to the Lens Opacification Classification System III (LOCS III). Results: A total of 440 anterior segment images were graded independently by 2 ophthalmologists, 2 residents and 2 medical students. Intraclass correlation (ICC) between the iPhone and anterior segment camera images were fair for nuclear opalescence (NO) and nuclear colour (NC), and excellent for cortical (C) and posterior subcapsular (PSC) (NO: ICC 0.40, 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.57; NC: ICC 0.47, 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.66; C: ICC 0.76, 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.81; PSC: ICC 0.81, 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.85). There was no difference in grader impression of confidence and images usability between both cameras (P = 0.66 and P = 0.58, respectively). Conclusion: Anterior segment images taken from an iPhone have good reproducibility for retro-illuminated images, but fair reproducibility for NO and NC under low light settings. There were no differences in grader confidence and subjective image suitability.

Key words: Cataract, Clinical Ophthalmology, iPhone
Survival Prognostication in Patients with Skeletal Metastases from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Evaluation of the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group, Katagiri and Bauer Scoring Systems
Authors: Tan Jonathan JH , Zaw Aye Sandar , Malhotra Rishi , Wai Khin Lay , Tan Joel YH , Kumar Naresh
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Nasopharnygeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterised by early metastases with the skeleton being the most common site of metastases. The ability to prognosticate survival is crucial in the decision whether or not to offer surgery to these patients and the choice of surgery offered. We aimed to evaluate the scoring systems namely: Bauer, Katagiri and Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) in NPC patients with skeletal metastases. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 patients with skeletal metastases from NPC were studied. We retrospectively analysed the actual survival of these patients and compared with predicted survival according to the 3 scoring systems. The predicted survival according to each system was calculated and labelled as A scores. These were then re-scored by assigning NPC as a better prognostic tumour and labelled as B scores. The predicted survival of scores A and B were compared to actual survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. The predictive values of each scoring were calculated. Results: The median overall survival for the whole cohort was 13 months (range: 1 to 120 months). In multivariate analysis, general condition and visceral metastases showed significant effect on survival. There were statistically significant differences (P <0.001) between the subgroups of the SSG B as well as Katagiri B scoring systems where NPC was classified as a better prognostic tumour. SSG B provided the highest predictive value (0.67) as compared to the other 2 scoring systems. Conclusion: The SSG and Katagiri score could be used to prognosticate NPC with a statistically significant association with actual survival.

Key words: Bone metastases, Nasopharyngeal cancer, Survival Prognosis
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Biliary Atresia Living with Native Livers
Authors: Lee Way Seah , Ong Sik Yong
Published: July 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to quantify and investigate factors affecting the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with biliary atresia (BA) living with their native livers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on the HRQoL using the PedsQL4.0 generic core scales in children with BA aged between 2 to 18 years followed up at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) in Malaysia was conducted. Two groups, consisting of healthy children and children with chronic liver disease (CLD) caused by other aetiologies, were recruited as controls. Results: Children with BA living with their native livers (n = 36; median (range) age: 7.4 (2 to 18) years; overall HRQoL score: 85.6) have a comparable HRQoL score with healthy children (n = 81; median age: 7.0 years; overall HQRoL score: 87.4; P = 0.504) as well as children with CLD (n = 44; median age: 4.3 years; overall score: 87.1; P = 0.563). The HRQoL of children with BA was not adversely affected by having 1 or more hospitalisations in the preceding 12 months, the presence of portal hypertension, older age at corrective surgery (>60 days), a lower level of serum albumin (≤34 g/L) or a higher blood international normalised ratio (INR) (≥1.2). Children who had liver transplantation for BA did not have a significantly better HRQoL as compared to those who had survived with their native livers (85.4 vs 85.7, P = 0.960). Conclusion: HRQoL in children with BA living with their native livers is comparable to healthy children.

Key words: Chronic liver disease, Survivors
2015 Young Surgeon’s Award Winner: Long-term Prognosis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Pang Philip YK , Lim Yeong Phang , Ong Kim Kiat , Chua Yeow Leng , Sin Yoong Kong
Published: July 2022

Introduction: We aimed to determine the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for 5720 consecutive patients who underwent isolated first CABG between 1982 and 1999. Outcomes were reviewed to include in-hospital mortality and long-term survival. Mean follow-up was 13.0 ± 5.8 years. To obtain comparable subgroups, 561 diabetic patients were matched with 561 non-diabetic controls based on estimated propensity scores. Results: Mean age was 59.3 ± 9.1 years with 4373 (76.5%) males. Amongst 5720 patients, 1977 (34.6%) had DM. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were the most common cardiovascular comorbidities, present in 2920 (51.0%) and 2664 patients (46.6%) respectively. Emergency surgery was performed in 563 patients (9.8%). In-patient mortality occurred in 115 patients (2.0%), 48 (2.4%) in the DM group and 67 (1.8%) in the non-DM group, (P = 0.102). In the unmatched cohort, overall 20-year survival rates were 30.9 ± 1.6% in diabetics and 49.2 ± 1.0% in non-diabetics (P <0.001). Freedom from cardiac mortality at 20 years was 56.0 ± 2.0% in diabetics and 68.4 ± 1.0% in non-diabetics (P <0.001). In the propensity-matched group, overall 20-year survival rates were 35.4 ± 2.5% in diabetics and 48.9 ± 2.9% in non-diabetics (P <0.001). Freedom from cardiac mortality at 20 years was 57.8 ± 3.0% in diabetics and 70.2 ± 2.9% in non-diabetics (P = 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis identified age (hazard ratio (HR): 1.03/year), female gender (HR: 1.43), DM (HR: 1.51), previous myocardial infarction (HR: 1.54) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% (HR: 2.60) as independent factors influencing long-term cardiac mortality. Conclusion: Despite low operative mortality, long-term survival and freedom from cardiac death are significantly lower in patients with DM compared to non-diabetics. Aggressive treatment of DM, cardiovascular comorbidities and smoking cessation are essential to improve long-term survival in diabetic patients.

Key words: Cardiac mortality, Myocardial revascularisation, Survival outcomes
Elderly Hospitalised Patients—The Impact of Itch and its Prevalence
Authors: Teoh Yee Leng , Teo Rachael YL , Yeo Benson , Lim Kim Hwa , Koh Mark JA
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Pruritus in elderly patients can have a significant impact on the quality of life but may be underestimated and poorly addressed by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: From March to May 2010, a structured interview questionnaire including the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was administered to all patients admitted to the geriatric ward in Changi General Hospital, Singapore, except for those with cognitive impairment. Results: A total of 194 patients were enrolled in the study; 94 patients (48.5%) were experiencing itch at the point of the interview; mean DLQI score for patients with itch was 6.7; 35.1% of patients experienced sleep disruption whilst 30.9% reported impairment of concentration levels as a consequence of their itch. Of the patients who had informed their doctor about the problem, 73.7% felt that doctors had not adequately addressed the cause of the itch. Among patients who reported itch, the DLQI score correlates with the severity of pruritus with a regression coefficient of 0.2737 (P <0.001); 9.6% of patients with itch were independent with their activities of daily living compared to 21% of patients who did not experience itch. Conclusion: Almost half of the subjects in our study experienced itch and a third of them reported impairment of quality of life. Patients who were independent of their activities of daily living were also less likely to experience itch. This study highlights the importance of increasing awareness of pruritus among physicians as pruritus can have adverse consequences on patients’ quality of life when left unaddressed.

Key words: Concentration, Geriatric, Inpatient pruritus, Quality of life, Sleep
Validity of a Revised Short Form-12 Health Survey Version 2 in Different Ethnic Populations
Authors: Tan Maudrene LS , Wee Hwee Lin , Salim Agus , Lee Jeannette , Ma Stefan , Heng Derrick , Tai E-Shyong , Thumboo Julian
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The Short Form-12 version 2 (SF-12v2) is a shorter version of the Short Form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) for assessing health-related quality of life. As the SF-12v2 could not be resolved into the physical- and mental-component summary score (PCS and MCS, respectively) in the general population of Singapore, this study aims to determine and validate the Singapore SF-12 version 2 (SG-12v2). Materials and Methods: The SG-12v2 was generated using the same methodology as the SF-12v2. Bootstrap analysis was used to determine if the SG-12v2 were significantly different from the SF-12v2. Content validity was assessed using percentage of variance (R²) of the Singapore version of SF-36v2 PCS and MCS explained by the SG-12v2 items. Agreement between the SF-36v2 and the SG-12v2 was assessed using Bland-Altman diagrams. Criterion validity was demonstrated if effect size differences between SF-36v2 and SG-12v2 were small (Cohen’s criteria). Known-group validity of SG-12v2 was reported for participants with and without chronic diseases. Results: Five items differed between the SG-12v2 and SF-12v2. Bootstrap analysis confirmed that SG-12v2 and SF-12v2 were significantly different. The SG12v2 explained 94% and 79% of the R² of the SF-36v2 PCS and MCS, respectively. Agreement was good and effect size differences were small (<0.3). Participants with chronic diseases reported lower SG-12v2 scores compared to participants without chronic diseases. Conclusion: The SG-12v2 offers advantage over the SF-12v2 for use in the general population of Singapore. The SG-12v2 is a valid measure and will be particularly useful for large population health surveys in Singapore.

Key words: Health-related quality of life, Singapore, Bland-Altman, Bootstrap
FACTS REVEALED; TOTAL/HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL VALUES AND THEIR RATIO AMONG MACRO-VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ahmad Alamgir , Khan Muhammad Arbaz , Khan Maryam , Alamgir Iram
Published: July 2022

Objectives: There is key concept that raised mortality among diabetics with stroke, peripheral vascular disease and particularly coronary artery diseases may be owing to dyslipidaemia and its prior detection is needed for timely prevention. Total /HDL cholesterol values and its ratio can be predictive tool among macro-vascular complications of diabetes.
Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted in Alamgir Medical Services, airport road Bahawalpur; during a period of 6 months from 30-06-2021 to 30-12-2021.A quantitative data of 100 diabetics with macro-vascular complications were analysed. 52 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were identified as group A, 30 subjects had cerebro-vascular accident (CVA) and labelled as group B while 18 patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) as group C. Values of lipoproteins and main outcome measure of TC: HDLC ratio were compared between the three groups accordingly.
Results: In patients with CAD, the mean (SD) concentration of total cholesterol (TC) was 220.08(27.9) mg/dl, HDL – C was 34.8 (6.2) mg/dl while TC: HDLC ratio was > 6 and in high risk range (normal ratio should be < 5). Both lipoproteins (TC and HDL and their ratio) were observed within normal range in group B (CVA) as mean SD 180.68(23.4) mg/dl and 35.09(6.9) mg/dl respectively, and in group C (PVD) as 160.20(19) mg/dl and 40.6(5.4) mg/dl respectively.
Conclusion: Diabetics having CAD have raised TC: HDL C ratio and there is advantage to use this ratio for predicting CAD risk.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ADHERENCE TO MEDICATIONS, DIET AND SELF-MONITORING IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Nural Nesrin , Kayhan Semiha Alkan
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes is necessary for patients with heart failure. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with adherence to medications, diet, and self-monitoring of patients with heart failure.
Methodology: This research was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected using the patient information form and beliefs and compliance scales for patients with chronic heart failure.
Results: The average age of patients was 68.75±12.54. While the medication adherence barrier scores of the patients were slightly higher (21.53±0.32), the diet adherence benefit scores of the patients were slightly higher (20.67±0.40), and self-monitoring adherence barrier scores of the patients were higher (34.55±0.29).
Conclusion: Identifying barriers or benefits of medication and dietary adherence may improve self-care behaviours in patients with HF. In clinics, it may be useful to provide training about potential barriers perceived by patients.
Impact of Socio-cultural Business Environment on Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study among Nepalese Muslim Community
Authors: Vaidya Rashesh , Lohani Nikita , Lacoul Parshuma
Published: July 2022

Muslims in Nepal historically originated from the Indian subcontinent, mainly from India, and from Tibet. Kashmiri Muslim traders first arrived at Kathmandu Valley during King Ratna Malla Regime (1484-1520 AD) and then followed by Afghans, Persians, and even Arabian. Finally, the Tibetan Muslims entered Nepal after being displaced from China. The Muslims from India migrated to the Terai region of Nepal after invasion of British in India. The Muslims in Nepal are seen as highly integrated with the Hindu communities as well as the business they are doing are related to the Hindu community. The main purpose of the earlier migration of the Muslim community in Nepal was basically to establish or run a business. Hence, the paper tries to find out the impact of the socio-cultural business environment on entrepreneurial intention among the Nepalese Muslim community. The paper has taken a sample of 180 Nepalese Muslims. The paper found that the people from Nepalese Muslim community are not highly educated. The major communicating language of the community is seen as Nepali. Under socio-culture factors, the respondents stressed that education could play a vital role in enhancing their entrepreneurial quality. Similarly, parents are seen as role models among the community to embrace self-employment. Religious and social system factors are not seen as influencing factors in enhancing entrepreneurial intentions among the Nepalese Muslim community.
The Effect of Variations Concentration of Chloramphenicol on the Imprinting Factor of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Surabaya, Indonesia, Khuswanto Dedy Aburizal
Published: July 2022

This research aimed is to determine the effect of chloramphenicol concentration on the imprinting factor (IF) value of the Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP). Imprinting Factor is a standard of the interaction power between printed polymer and template molecule. The IF value was calculated based on the adsorption capacity value between MIP and blank polymer (BP). MIP was synthesized from non-imprinted polymer (NIP) using the precipitation method with chloramphenicol as a template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker. The results showed that the optimum concentration was at 10 ppm with the IF value of 5,005. The isothermal adsorption result of Chloramphenicol using MIP can best be described by the Langmuir model. The limit of detection (LOD) value was 0.098 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) value was 0.327.
HDR-Nirmala Index
Authors:   Department of Mathematics,Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, India, Kulli V.R.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce the HDR-Nirmala index and the HDR-Nirmala exponential of a graph. We compute the HDR-Nirmala index and its corresponding exponential of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir. Also we establish some properties of newly defined the HDR-Nirmala index.
The Influence of Good Corporate Governance on Company Failure (Case Study of PT Rabobank International Indonesia)
Authors:   Perbanas Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia, Sri Hartati Agnes Maria
Published: July 2022

In order to support economic growth, implementing good corporate governance has a positive impact on the long-term viability of a company's operations, protects stakeholders' interests, and enhances compliance with laws and regulations. This study intends to examine the impact of good corporate governance on business failure. This research focuses on PT Rabobank International Indonesia to analyze aspects of the governance system, including governance structure, governance processes, and governance outcomes on 11 factors based on the principles of exemplary corporate governance implementation. The research method employs qualitative data in the form of 2018 and 2019 annual financial reports, including governance reports, financial reports from the website of the Financial Services Authority, and other secondary data to analyze governance reports and financial reports, given that PT Rabobank International Indonesia will cease operations in Indonesia in 2020. The research results on governance reports are listed in the annual report of PT Rabobank International, based on an analysis of governance structure and governance process, on the outcome of governance. PT Rabobank International Indonesia experienced significant losses, decreased risk profile ratings due to the trend of the non-performing loan ratio, and a decline in the category of Banks in the business activities from BUKU II to BUKU I, so it can be concluded that the implementation of good corporate governance affects the ongoing business of the Bank. The advantage of this study is that the Bank has a governance implementation based on regulator regulations and benchmarks with international governance regulations.
The Implementation of The Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle to Annul The Arbitration Award By Court
Authors:   Master of Law,Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro
Published: July 2022

Settlement of disputes through arbitration is based on a written agreement that has been agreed upon by the parties. The agreement is valid and binding based on Article 1338 of the Civil Code, which contains the pacta sunt servanda principle and excludes third parties from interfering in the settlement. However, regarding the arbitration award, it may be filed for annulment to the court. With the submission to the district court, there is third-party intervention in settling disputes. This research used a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical research specifications. The sources and types of data used were secondary data collected through the literature, which was then analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The research results showed that in the annulment of the arbitration award, the pacta sunt servanda principle was still upheld with the limitation of the court's authority only to declare the annulment and was not authorized to take action to adjudicate itself. Thus, the pacta sunt servanda principle remained valid because the arbitration institution still carried out the settlement following the agreed agreement.
Analysis of Islamic Banking Accounting Barriers in Samarinda City
Authors:   Master of Sharia Economics, Islamic University of Bandung, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

At the age of 20 years of Islamic banking, it turns out that the existence of LKS cannot be separated from public criticism. Most of them still conclude that the mechanism of Islamic banking is no different from conventional, this condition must be straightened out. This study aims to analyze what are the main factors that hinder the development of Islamic banking accounting in Samarinda City. The research method used is a transcendental phenomenological approach, because the aim of the researcher is to explore the public's view of Islamic banking and Islamic accounting. Then, the informants were practitioners (managers of financial institutions), the standard setting board (DSAS) and academics (students from Mulawarman University). The practitioners chosen by the researchers were representatives from several macro-level Islamic commercial banks and several LKMS such as BPRS and BMT located in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. From the results of the study, it was found that the stereotype of the public who thinks that Islamic accounting is not substantially different from conventional accounting is true. The fundamental problem that causes deviations from sharia practice from Islamic law is due to the human resource factor. Their lack of understanding and reluctance to understand sharia in a holistic manner makes the practice of sharia seen as the result of duplication of conventional accounting.
The Effect of KAP Reputation, Company Growth, Leverage, Company Size on Going Concern Audits, Empirical Studies of Basic and Chemical Industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2020 Period
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: July 2022

Primary and chemical industries, mainly cement, had a 2.2% fall in net profit to Rp3.14 trillion. This research examines the impact of KAP reports on corporate growth, audit pressure, firm size, and the Indonesia Stock Exchange's chemical sector fundamentals for 2015-2020. The quantitative method uses test results and logistic regression. Their quantitative study. Explains quantitative research. This examination covers 75 industrial and chemical businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2015-2020. This model has 26. Logistic regression analyzes the data. The research shows the KAP report affects the Audit Concern Proceeding (empirical study of introductory and industrial chemistry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2020 period). Group expansion does not influence the Concern Audit (Empirical Study on Basic and Chemical Industries on the Indonesia Stock Exchange). 2015-20). Going Concern Audit denies leverage (Empirical Studies on Basic and Chemical Industries on the Indonesia Stock Exchange reviewed for 2015-2020). They are going Concern Audit group size wrong (Empirical Studies on Basic and Chemical Industries listed on the Exchange). Indonesia 2015-2020 KAP reports, firm growth, leverage, and size impact audit concern (Empirical Study of Basic and Chemical Industries listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020 Period).
Effects of Human Behavior on Entrepreneurial Intention of Fourth Year University Students in Kenya
Authors:   Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Alupe University College, P.O. Box 845, post code 50400, Busia
Published: July 2022

Objective: Entrepreneurial intentions are individual’s willingness to learn about entrepreneurial activity or become self-employed. Yet, the antecedence of entrepreneurial intention is important to understanding the process of entrepreneurial intent. The relationship between human behavior and entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate university students are neglected. Thus, the broad objective was to investigate the effect of human behavior (attitudes towards behavior, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) on entrepreneurial intentions. Design: Explanatory research design was employed in this study as it examined cause-and-effect relationships. The study population comprised the fourth pursuing entrepreneurship. The study employed proportionate, stratified, and simple random sampling to choose 400 respondents. Closed ended questionnaire with likert scale was used to obtain the data. The hypotheses were tested using Hayes model six.
Effect of Management Efficiency on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors:   Masters of Arts, Economics student, Moi University, Kenya
Published: July 2022

Performance of commercial banks has critical implications for economic growth of countries. The Kenyan banking sector remained resilient on the backdrop of turbulence, characterized by interest rate capping in 2015 and the prolonged electioneering period in 2017 which brought uncertainties in the banking sector. This study investigated the effect of management efficiency on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Efficient market hypothesis and modern portfolio theory guided the study. The study adopted an explanatory research design. The study used 2009-2018 secondary consolidated panel data of 40 commercial banks from Central Bank of Kenya and International Monetary Fund. Time series econometric procedures of co-integration and Vector Error Correction model (VECM) were used so as to determine nature of the time series data and equilibrium relation between the variables. The VECM estimation results identified a significant short run and long run equilibrium relation between coefficient of management efficiency and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The Coefficient of Management Efficiency was 0.2359, p=0.008 < 0.05. The coefficients of management efficiency were positive and significant at 5% level. This implied that for every unit increase in coefficient management efficiency would increase by 0.2359 units of financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya respectively in the long run. The findings indicated a significant co-integration relation between management efficiency and finance performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The VECM results also indicated that management efficiency and financial performance have a long run equilibrium during the study period. Managerial policies and strategies that are cost effective and productive efficient could raise the managerial efficiency and financial performance of banks. Based on the findings the study recommended that banks put a lot of focus on their own internal processes since management efficiency, had positive influence on their profitability policies.
Commercialization and Industry Perspective in the Era of Digitalization
Authors:   Wilmington Metropolitan University, Faculty of Business & Finance
Published: July 2022

The study focuses on the commercialization of the organizations. Malaysian organizations are facing challenges to cope with the industrial revolution. Application of IoT, big data analytics, artificial intelligence is positively impacting on the industrial development. The study focuses on the improvement of the digitalized technology in the Malaysian organizations for developing the performance of the operational management. The research methodology focuses on the secondary qualitative research method, which improve the quality of research and help n gathering relevant information