bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overweight, Obesity and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Huaizhen , Yang Shengjie , Zhang Jinjun , Qian Liwei , Chen Xiaowen
Published: April 2014

Aim

Findings from recent studies suggest that obesity may be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but several earlier studies were less conclusive. Here we strive to estimate this relationship in a meta-analysis of published data.

Methods

We searched Pubmed and Embase for studies on body mass index and the risk of endometrial cancer, published from 1989 to 2011. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using random or fixed effects meta-analysis depending on the degree of heterogeneity.

Results

Seven cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the conditions of excess body weight ([EBW] defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and overweight (25< BMI <30 kg/m2) were associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (relative risk [RR] for EBW=1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.89; for obesity RR=2.54, 95% CI, 2.11-3.06; for overweight RR=1.32, 95% CI, 1.16-1.50). Subgroup analyses showed that the positive associations were independent of study design, geographic locations, self-reported BMI, alcohol use, smoking habit, history of diabetes, hormone therapy, age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, and age at first full term pregnancy. However, there was no statistically significant association between EBW and endometrial cancer risk for measured BMI (for EBW RR=1.29, 95% CI, 0.66-2.53).

Conclusions

The findings from this meta-analysis strongly support that the conditions of EBW, overweight, and obesity are all associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Also, the strength of the association increases with increasing BMI.
A PNA-Mediated Clamping PCR for Routine Detection of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Messa Francesca , Tonissi Federica , Millo Enrico , Bracco Enrico , Ungari Silvana , Lattanzio Laura , Merlano Marco , Damonte Gianluca , Lo Nigro Cristiana
Published: April 2014

The detection of somatic mutations in a tumor represents a valuable tool for tumor characterization and provides the clinicians with information for setting up the most appropriate therapy. KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 are important biomarkers routinely analyzed in the clinic for the management of anti-EGFR treatment in colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

Here we report a sensitive and inexpensive assay for KRAS mutations based on a PNA-mediated PCR clamping. The assay displays very high sensitivity (0.7%) and specificity (96.7%) when compared to traditional sequencing (SS) and pyrosequencing (PS), two of the most commonly and routinely used methods employed today by diagnostic laboratories. Furthermore, the PNA assay requires only basic and low-cost laboratory equipment, in contrast with all the most recent PCR-based technologies, which are highly sensitive but also much more expensive.

Finally, despite the PNA assay does not allow for the definition of specific mutations, it is the cheapest and easiest screening method to firstly stratify wild-type and mutated patients, information that is strictly necessary to clinicians for the management of CRC and anti-EGFR treatment.
A long-scale biodiversity monitoring methodology for Spanish national forest inventory. Application to Álava region
Authors: Alberdi Iciar , Cañellas Isabel , Condes Sonia
Published: March 2014

Aim of study: In this study, a methodology has been designed to assess biodiversity in the frame of the Spanish National Forest Inventory with the aim of evaluating the conservation status of Spanish forests and their future evolution. This methodology takes into account the different national and international initiatives together with the different types and characteristics of forests in Spain. Area of study: Álava province (Basque country, Spain).Material and methods: To analyse the contribution of each of the different indices to the biodiversity assessment, a statistical analysis using PCA multivariate techniques was performed for structure, composition and dead wood indicators. Main Results: The selected biodiversity indicators (based on field measurements) are presented along with an analysis of the results from four representative forest types in Álava by way of an example of the potential of this methodology. Research highlights: The statistical analysis revealed the important information contribution of Mingling index to the composition indicators. Regarding the structure indicators, it is remarkable the interest of using standard deviations and skewness of height and diameter as indicators. Finally it is interesting to point out the interest of assessing dead saplings since they provide additional information and their volume is a particularly useful parameter for analyzing the success of regeneration.Keywords: species richness; structural diversity; dead wood; NFI; PCA.
Modelling modulus of elasticity of Pinus pinaster Ait. in northwestern Spain with standing tree acoustic measurements, tree, stand and site variables
Authors: Merlo Esther , Alvarez Juan G. , Santaclara Oscar , Riesco Guillermo
Published: March 2014

Aim of study: Modelling the structural quality of Pinus pinaster Ait. wood on the basis of measurements made on standing trees is essential because of the importance of the species in the Galician forestry and timber industries and the good mechanical properties of its wood. In this study, we investigated how timber stiffness is affected by tree and stand properties, climatic and edaphic characteristics and competition. Area of study: The study was performed in Galicia, north-western Spain.Material and methods: Ten pure and even-aged P. pinaster stands were selected and tree and stand variables and the stress wave velocity of 410 standing trees were measured. A sub-sample of 73 trees, representing the variability in acoustic velocity, were felled and sawed into structural timber pieces (224) which were subjected to a bending test to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE). Main results: Linear models including wood properties explained more than 97%, 73% and 60% of the observed MOE variability at site, tree and board level, respectively, with acoustic velocity and wood density as the main regressors. Other linear models, which did not include wood density, explained more than 88%, 69% and 55% of the observed MOE variability at site, tree and board level, respectively, with acoustic velocity as the main regressor. Moreover, a classification tree for estimating the visual grade according to standard UNE 56544:2011 was developed. Research highlights: The results have demonstrated the usefulness of acoustic velocity for predicting MOE in standing trees. The use of the fitted equations together with existing dynamic growth models will enable preliminary assessment of timber stiffness in relation to different silvicultural alternatives used with this species.Keywords: stress wave velocity, modulus of elasticity, site index, competition index, stepwise regression, CART.
Using a segmented logistic model to predict trees to be harvested in forest growth forecasts
Authors: Fortin Mathieu
Published: March 2014

Aim of the study: Predicting future harvested trees is a prerequisite to growth forecasts in managed forest stands. While harvest algorithms have been traditionally used, statistical harvest models could be an interesting alternative approach. The objective of this study was to fit statistical harvest models for different partial cutting treatments.Area of study: The study has been carried out in the province of Quebec, Canada.Material and Methods: Data from provincial control survey were used to fit harvest models for three different partial cutting treatments. A two-segment logistic modelling approach was used. The harvest models were designed to be compatible with the ARTEMIS growth simulator, which is currently in use in this province. Main results: The results showed that the probability of being harvested is different across the treatments and primarily depends on tree diameter at breast height and species. In selection cutting treatments in particular, trees close to the merchantable limit (e.g., 23 cm in this study) tended to be less frequently harvested than those with smaller or larger diameters, yielding a sinusoidal pattern that was well captured by the segmented approach. Research highlights: Although the models were of average accuracy as indicated by fit statistics, they made it possible to compare different scenarios in terms of productivity and rotation length when coupled with the ARTEMIS growth simulator. Moreover, compatibility requirements between the simulator and the harvest models appeared to be a major limitation in some cases.Keywords: Harvesting; statistical model; segmented approach; growth forecasts; managed stands.
A New Ergostane Triterpenoid from a Solid Culture of the Basidiomycete Inocybe lilacina
Authors: Liu Dong-Ze , Liu Qi , Yang Ping , Jiang Wen-Xia
Published: April 2014

1

A new and rare ergostane triterpenoid, 4α-methyl-3α,4β-dihydroxy-ergost-8,24(28)-dien-7,11- dion-25-al (), was isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Inocybe lilacina, and its structure established on the basis of spectral methods (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR).
Rafael Cervera (1563/64-1633) : entre la monarquia hispànica i les institucions catalanes
Authors: Genís Mas Daniel
Published: April 2014

Rafael Cervera, polític i historiador barceloní, és l’autor de la Historia de Cataluña, traducció castellana del 1616 de la Crònica de Bernat Desclot. La Crònica de Desclot fou l’última de les denominades Quatre Grans Cròniques a imprimir-se. Els motius d’aquesta tardança i les peculiaritats del moment històric en què aparegué, als prolegòmens de les tensions Catalunya-Espanya que conduïren el país a la guerra dels Segadors, no havien estat estudiats mai fins ara. L’article aprofundeix en la vida de Cervera i el col·loca entre els membres del denominat cercle erudit barcelonès de 1620-1630 que s’encarregaren de rescatar de l’oblit les velles glòries de l’època imperial catalana amb unes clares intencions reivindicatives.
Presentació
Authors: Martí Escayol Maria Antònia
Published: April 2014

Presentació del dossier Els tractats agrícoles en el Mediterrani medieval i modern. La continuïtat de les tècniques.
Building Relationships or Building Roadblocks? A Look at the Winnipeg Urban Aboriginal Strategy
Authors: Nguyen Mai
Published: April 2014

Do Aboriginal–state public consultations allow for the effective participation of Aboriginal participants in the democratic process, given the group’s political marginalization? This paper argues that public consultations are an effective tool for ensuring the successful participation of Aboriginal groups when the consultation process includes mechanisms for redistributing power from governments to stakeholders. Specifically, this paper looks at the federal government’s current Urban Aboriginal Strategy (UAS) in Winnipeg. Although the direction and tone of the UAS is set by the federal government, the members of the Steering Committee, composed of twelve Aboriginal members and three government officials, are the ones who decide which policies and programs will receive funding. Decision-making is done through ongoing consultation with the Steering Committee and the Aboriginal community at large. Employing ideas in Arnstein (1969) and public consultations literature to create an evaluation framework, this paper identifies critical components that must be present for consultations to be fruitful. And, based on interviews with the Steering Committee, it finds that the UAS in Winnipeg is a successful mechanism for enabling the effective participation of Aboriginal participants in the democratic process—a process which is resulting in the construction of a renewed Aboriginal–state political relationship.
The Health, School, and Social Outcomes of Off-Reserve First Nations Children of Teenage Mothers
Authors: Guèvremont Anne , Kohen Dafna
Published: April 2014

Children of teenage mothers differ in their health, social, and educational outcomes compared to children of older mothers. Even though the teen birth rate for First Nations women in Canada is higher than the national teen birth rate, there has been little research examining the outcomes of off-reserve First Nations children born to mothers who began childbearing in their teen years. Using data from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, this study examined the health, social, and educational outcomes of off-reserve First Nations children, aged six to fourteen, who were born to teenage mothers, as compared to those born to older mothers. Off-reserve First Nations children of teenage mothers were more likely to be rated by their mothers as having dental problems, more likely to have failed a grade, less likely to be rated as doing very well in school, and less likely to have maternal reports of school satisfaction. They were also more likely to be rated as not getting along well in the last six months with their teachers, parents, and siblings. Although some of these differences were explained by socio-economic characteristics (getting along with teachers and parents, doing well in school), differences in all three domains (dental problems, getting along with parents, grade failure and parental school satisfaction) remained. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
How the Urban Aboriginal Community Members and Clients of the Friendship Centre in Saskatoon Understand Addictions Recovery
Authors: Hansen John G. , Callihoo Nicole
Published: April 2014

Addictions recovery is a significant policy issue concerning governance in Aboriginal communities, Saskatchewan, and Canada at large. Aboriginal Friendship Centres are priority areas for improving access to addictions recovery programs and assistance. This article addresses the following priority areas identified by the Saskatoon Aboriginal Friendship Centre and the urban Aboriginal community of Saskatoon in regards to addictions recovery: impoverishment, food shortages, homelessness, and the problem of growing Aboriginal incarceration rates. This study is qualitative in nature and highlights the factors critical to a developing addictions recovery interpretation through the stories of Aboriginal clients who use the services of the Friendship Centre. The article concludes with recommendations that will assist in the development of policy concerning urban Aboriginal issues.
Towards the Development of a Novel CNTs-Based Flexible Mild Heater for Art Conservation
Authors: Markevicius Tomas , Furferi Rocco , Olsson Nina , Meyer Helmut , Governi Lapo , Carfagni Monica , Volpe Yary , Hegelbach Reto
Published: March 2014

Mild heating devices currently available to conservators are still limited in terms of precision, versatility, mobility, accessibility and cost. Moreover, they lack a range of operational features, such as low power requirements, efficient power use, temperature stability and uniform heat distribution. Carbon nanotubes-based technologies can provide a wide range of technical solutions for overcoming these limitations, thereby allowing the development of more precise, flexible and portable heating devices. This work describes the design of an innovative carbon nanotube-based intelligent mobile accurate thermo-electrical mild heating device, to be used in the art conservation field. The device consists of three different types of flexible heating mats with different designs (opaque and ultra-thin/woven and breathable/transparent) and different operational and physical properties. The entire heating system is completed by a control unit that controls, monitors and registers the heating and by a power supply unit. First tests performed on a series of prototypes of the designed heaters showed that the device was able to convey uniform heating on different working materials, thus proving to be effective for thermal consolidation.
Pharmaceutical R&D Productivity: The Role of Alliance
Authors: Kruse Sarah , Slomiany Mark , Bitar Rema , Jeffers Sarah , Hassan Mahmud
Published: April 2014

In recent years, the major research-intensive biopharmaceutical companies (big pharma) have come face to face with a perfect storm of eroding profit margins from blockbuster expiration and generic competition coupled with growing R&D expenses and declining advances in truly novel therapeutics. With long-term research divisions shed in favor of short-term outsourcing options and with public good will at historic lows, industry innovators have sought to reinvent the model of big pharma, its relationship in public-private partnerships, and the role of technology and technology policy in reform. In this paper, we highlight a number of the major alliances reshaping the industry and the role of government, research institutions, and other players in the public-private interface in these endeavors. In particular, this paper looks beyond traditional biotechnology parternships and focuses instead on the developing consortia between biopharmaceutical companies and with clinical research organizations and academic institutions. We examined each alternative model of alliance, identified specific hurdles and potentials for increased productivity.
Bioentrepreneurship Education and Training Trends
Authors: Meyers Arlen
Published: April 2014

Biomedical and health entrepreneurship continues to expand around the world. Driven by global pressures to optimize the allocation of scarce resources, life science bioentrepreneurs are creating innovative products, platforms, service and systems that deliver more value. As a result, the demand for biomedical and health professional entrepreneurial talent has increased and biomedical and health innovation and entrepreneurship education and training (BEET) programs are growing to fill the gap.This paper highlights 10 trends in bioentrepreneurship education and training
Canadian Venture Capital - Unlocking the Funding Challenge
Authors: Jones Christopher H.
Published: April 2014

Canada plays a significant role in the global advancement of scientific discoveries and their translation into commercial opportunities, but is viewed as not fully realizing its commercial potential. A significant problem has been a lack of sufficient venture capital to take early-stage companies to the next level. Several recent developments may signal the arrival of a more positive venture-funding environment for life sciences and health technology enterprises, including the development of the Canadian governmentâ€™s C$400 million Venture Capital Action Plan; pharmaceutical companies electing to establish or investing in venture funds and providing strategic support to early-stage ventures, including through the creation of research centres; and recent successful liquidity events for venture investors.
Biotech IPOs Steam Ahead in 2014
Authors: Burrill G. Steven
Published: April 2014

If you walk into most private biotech company boardrooms today, it is likely that you will hear a discussion about whether to go public. Companies at every stage of development are either getting ready to file for an initial public offering or thinking about it. Although the slowdown in new issues at the end of 2013 gave observers pause that the robust biotech IPO market of 2013 might slow down in 2014, the reality has been just the opposite. By the middle of March, 28 life sciences companies had completed initial public offerings on U.S. exchanges, raising $1.8 billion in new capital, and collectively on average trading 47.4 percent above their initial offering price.
Le genre et le vieillissement
Authors: Membrado Monique
Published: March 2014

Les sciences sociales comme les recherches féministes ont tardé à s’intéresser au processus de vieillissement. La double invisibilité des femmes et de la vieillesse a eu tendance à s’estomper avec l’intérêt pour les relations intergénérationnelles et les inégalités de genre dans les dispositifs de soutien aux personnes aînées. Un parcours, certes partiel, dans les productions sur les rapports entre genre et vieillissement met en évidence des permanences comme le thème du double standard de l’âge, mais aussi le développement progressif, sans qu’il soit linéaire, d’un intérêt pour les expériences plurielles du vieillir parallèlement à la mise en visibilité de la place des femmes dans les réseaux de parenté et de soin (care). Cette petite histoire permet de poser des repères et d’avancer dans la compréhension des inégalités de parcours entre hommes et femmes ainsi que dans les propositions pour leurs transformations.
« Lève-toi! Aie le courage de vivre! »
Authors: Bernier-Monod Agathe
Published: March 2014

Première théoricienne allemande de l’émancipation féminine, Hedwig Dohm (1831-1919) commence à publier des romans et des essais polémiques au cours des années 1860. « La vieille femme », pamphlet paru en 1903, livre un rare témoignage sur la position du féminisme historique à l’égard du vieillissement au féminin. Dohm y décrit la difficile condition des femmes âgées dans l’Allemagne de l’Empire. Elle dénonce notamment le discours normatif qui pèse sur elles et élabore, en réponse à cet état de prostration forcée, un art de vivre du grand âge. Cette lecture examinera les perspectives de libération que le mouvement féministe historique offrait aux aînées.
Le vieillissement au féminin et au masculin chez Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Le Bras-Chopard Armelle
Published: March 2014

Le vieillissement est un thème majeur et mal connu de l’oeuvre de Simone de Beauvoir. Elle y revient en permanence dans tous ses écrits, y consacre à titre principal certains de ses ouvrages (dont La vieillesse). Son mérite est de réintégrer les femmes dans une analyse globale de la vieillesse qui en considère tous les aspects, biologiques, sociaux, psychologiques… Simone de Beauvoir évalue les effets de la vieillesse communs aux deux sexes et la situation particulière à chacun. Pour qu’il n’y ait plus de personnes exclues, elle appelle à modifier les rapports sociaux de sexe et entre les générations : « changer la vie ».
QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE CÁRTAMO COLHIDAS EM DIFERENTES PERÍODOS DE MATURAÇÃO	Seed quality of safflower harvested at different periods of maturity
Authors: Girardi Leonita Beatriz , Bellé Rogério Antonio , Lazarotto Marília , Michelon Simone , Girardi Bruna Amanda , Brião Muniz Marlove Fátima
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) armazenadas por sete anos e colhidas em diferentes períodos de maturação nas plantas. As sementes foram colhidas em três épocas, de fevereiro a março de 2002, e armazenadas em refrigerador por sete anos. Após esse período, foram submetidas aos testes de umidade, germinação, sanidade e envelhecimento acelerado a 41°C por 24h. Verificou-se que as sementes colhidas nas duas primeiras épocas apresentaram maior germinação, entre 70 e 72%. Após o teste de envelhecimento acelerado, a germinação das sementes colhidas nas três épocas foi significativamente reduzida e semelhante entre os três tratamentos. A primeira amostra a ser coletada também apresentou a menor incidência de fungos. As sementes de cártamo, desde que colhidas no início da maturação, podem ser armazenadas por longos períodos para seu uso posterior, sem danos na sua viabilidade.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE SÍTIO PARA PINUS CARIBAEA VAR. HONDURENSIS NA REGIÃO DO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO Site classification of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Da Silva Fernando , Pimentel Andréia , Dalla Corte Ana Paula , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar modelos para construção de curvas de sítio para Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, selecionando o melhor segundo critérios estatísticos. Foram usados 4.998 pares de altura dominante média (Hd/Idade) provenientes de parcelas temporárias medidas ao longo de quatro inventários florestais realizados nos anos de 2005, 2006, 2007 e 2008. A idade variou de 6 a 17 anos e a altura das árvores dominantes variou de 7,0 a 22,5 metros. Os dados foram divididos em quatro classes de produtividade com base na idade de referência de 15 anos. Nessa idade, a altura média das árvores dominantes variou de 13,5 a 19,6 m. O modelo de Schumacher foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho. O modelo ajustou de maneira satisfatória o padrão de crescimento dos povoamentos dando segurança para a classificação de sítio para essa espécie na região do estudo.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS IMPORTAÇÕES DE CARVÃO VEGETAL DOS EUA E A PARTICIPAÇÃO BRASILEIRA	Concentration in USA market of charcoal and the Brazilian participation
Authors: De Paula Heimann Jaqueline , Ramos Dresch André
Published: April 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o mercado de importações de carvão vegetal dos Estados Unidos, sob a ótica da concentração, e propor medidas, a serem adotadas pelo setor público e/ou privado brasileiro em prol de uma melhor atuação neste mercado. Metodologicamente, o trabalho é caracterizado como de enfoque misto com caracteres descritivo e explicativo. Adicionalmente, se utilizou os índices de Herfindahl -Hirschman, Gini e as Razões de Concentração dos quatro e oito principais exportadores no cumprimento dos objetivos. Os resultados apontam para um mercado altamente concentrado com uma estrutura oligopolizada pelo México, provavelmente sustentada pelo NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). A participação brasileira é discreta, em função da produção nacional de carvão vegetal ser voltada ao abastecimento do mercado interno, especialmente às siderúrgicas. Diante dos resultados recomenda-se que a indústria carvoeira brasileira procure atuar no mercado doméstico ou busque exportar para outros países e que, junto à indústria siderúrgica, pressione o setor público pelo estabelecimento de acordos comerciais, a fim de aumentar as exportações do ferro brasileiro e, consequentemente, elevar a demanda por carvão vegetal.
USO DE PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM FLORESTAL PELOS ÍNDIOS KAINGANG DA RESERVA INDÍGENA DE MANGUEIRINHA (PR)	Forest products used by Kaingang aborigines from Mangueirinha tribe, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Serpa Schallenberger Leonardo , De Oliveira Machado Gilmara
Published: April 2014

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal estudar os produtos de origem florestal utilizados pelos índios da etnia Kaingang para produção de bionergia, construção civil, fabricação de artesanatos, alimentação e produção de medicamentos naturais. Foi avaliado o grau de dependência da comunidade para com a floresta, bem como se há comercialização de produtos florestais. Foram entrevistadas, por meio de questionário, 105 pessoas de 35 diferentes famílias das aldeias Sede e Paiol Queimado, localizadas no município de Mangueirinha (PR). Os resultados apontam a utilização de 39 espécies vegetais de 25 famílias botânicas. Para produção de bioenergia, 91% dos entrevistados fazem uso de seis espécies arbóreas. Na construção civil, 77% utilizam cinco espécies. Na fabricação de artesanatos foi constatado o uso de cinco espécies por 48% da comunidade. O uso alimentar foi registrado por todos os entrevistados, com 15 espécies selecionadas. A produção de medicamentos naturais foi o que apresentou o maior número de espécies, totalizando 22, utilizadas em maior frequência para tratar doenças do sistema digestório. Em relação à comercialização de produtos, uma família vende medicamentos naturais, sete artesanatos e 15 alimentos, como o Pinhão, semente do Pinheiro-do-Brasil (Araucaria angustifólia (Bertol.) Kuntze). Concluindo, a dependência da floresta para a sobrevivência é sinalizada por 71,4% da população amostrada.
RELATO DE OCORRÊNCIA E METODOLOGIAS UTILIZADAS PARA MONITORAMENTO E CONTROLE DE PISSODES CASTANEUS (DE GEER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) PRAGAS DE PINUS SPP.	Report of occurrence and methodologies used for monitoring and control of Pissodes castaneus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) plagues of Pinus sp.
Authors: Ukan Daniele , De Souza Pablo Georgio , Sousa Nilton José
Published: April 2014

Com o advento da globalização e o crescimento do comércio internacional se tornando uma realidade, grandes quantidades de mercadorias passaram a circular pelo mundo e hoje são disponibilizadas em diversos países. Contudo, os meios de transportes que viabilizam tais atividades também colaboram para a disseminação de pragas e doenças. O cumprimento das normas internacionais de medidas de controle para a não proliferação de pragas nem sempre é respeitado e, junto das mercadorias, diversas pragas e doenças adentram países e causam prejuízos às culturas de interesse locais. O besouro Pissodes castaneus tem o potencial de causar perdas econômicas aos povoamentos de Pinus spp., fazendo-se necessário a criação de mecanismos de resistência a essa praga. Foram instalados experimentos nos municípios de Campo Alegre e Joinville no Estado de Santa Catarina, em povoamentos de Pinus spp. em áreas da empresa “Comfloresta” do grupo Brascan. Três tipos de armadilhas foram testados com a finalidade de monitorar e controlar a praga. Para este experimento, a árvore armadilha foi considerada o melhor tratamento, pois foi altamente atacada pelo P. castaneus em número de insetos, quando comparado com os toretes. O melhor resultado para os tratamentos com os toretes foi o que não fez uso de parafina, numa proporção de ataque de P. castaneus de 75% sem parafina para 25% com parafina.
Multi-isotope and Hydrogeochemical approach for characterizing Saturnia thermal groundwater (Grosseto, Italy)
Authors: Barbagli Alessio , Brogna Fabio Nunzio Antonio , Callegari Ivan , Guastaldi Enrico , Liali Giovanni , Marsico Natalie , Rezza Carmela , Trotta Marilena
Published: April 2014

Aim of this study is to define the groundwater flow of thermal area of Saturnia, through both chemical and isotope analyses. After a first detailed geological-geophysical survey and a quantification of the available groundwater resources, we analyzed several chemical compounds (Na, Ca, Mg, K, Chlorides, Sulfates, Nitrates, total alkalinity, Li, Sr, B, Fluorides, soluble Silica, free Carbon Dioxide, Sb, As, Se, H2S, Fe, Mn, Hg e Pb) and isotopes (2H; 3H, 3He, 4He, 13C, 18O, 86Sr, 87Sr). Excluding the uncertainties mainly related to a large repetition of measures over time, we concluded the following conclusions. Both Lithium and Boron high values and 87Sr/86Sr values highlighted that “Calcare Cavernoso” limestone geological formation constitutes the Saturnia thermal aquifer. Such samples showed both the same chemical characteristics and source area. Boron, Lithium, δ2H, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr show the Saturnia thermal aquifer is separated by those of Pitigliano (Latera- Bolsena thermal circuit) and Bagni San Filippo (Mt. Amiata thermal circuit). 18O, 3H e δ13C measured in samples coming from Saturnia thermal spring respectively indicate that water feeding the thermal aquifer infiltrate at 350-440 m a.s.l., that they are almost 30 years old, and finally they that are isolated regarding to external infiltration. Low value of R/Ra tends to exclude the influence of Earth mantle to the geothermal anomaly of Saturnia area. The high content in Selenium indicates a possible interaction between Saturnia spring water and those coming from the Saturnia well, with volcanic fluids. However, considering also the evidence of the separation between the Saturnia groundwater flow and those of neighboring thermal fields (Bolsena and Mt. Amiata), we hypothesized that only a exchange among these volcanic complexes and the source area of thermal water points exists, but not among these complex and Saturnia aquifer.
Regional hydrogeology for groundwater resource management policies. The Latium volcanic domain (central Italy)
Authors: Mazza Roberto , Mastrorillo Lucia
Published: April 2014

Growing urban areas in the Latium volcanic domain has resulted in the increase of water demand. The uncontrolled increase in water withdrawals cause an inexorable reduction of springs discharges and progressive drawdown of groundwater levels. This emergency needs an urgent rationalization of groundwater management thorough understanding of qualitative and quantitative features of the aquifers. The main aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the method of study and the results obtained by researchers belonging to the Laboratory of Quantitative Hydrogeology (University of Roma Tre) to support the use and protection of groundwater resources. Therefore, we propose a summary of methods applied in previous hydrogeology studies that have contributed to legislation on groundwater resources management in the volcanic aquifers. The study area corresponds to the Latium volcanic domain and covers approximately 6500 km2. About 3000 stratigraphic data and about 2600 water points have been collected in order to set up a conceptual hydrogeological model. The conceptual model has been validated by the resolution of the hydrological budget. Detailed evaluation of the water supply is essential for the correct setting of the hydrological budget, in fact it represents the main output of the budget. These analysis highlight the condition of the resource. Critical areas have been identified for reshaping of water supply in order to increase environmental remediation and economic development.
A Rare Combination of Brachymetatarsia and Congenital Hallux Varus:
Authors: Froehlich Vanessa , Wuenschel Markus
Published: April 2014

Hallux varus is defined as a medial deviation of the phalanx at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and can be congenital or acquired. Brachymetatarsia is defined as shortening of the metatarsal bones. A combination of hallux varus and brachymetatarsia is rare. A 15-year-old girl presented to our outpatient clinic complaining of problems with her feet. A distinctive hallux varus was present bilaterally combined with a brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsals. The patient reported discomfort. She was restricted in her activities and had severe psychological strain owing to the deformity. We decided on surgery. First, a Pennig MiniFixator for callus distraction of the first metatarsal bone was applied. Owing to the increased plantar subluxation of the phalanx during distraction, an extension of the external fixator was administered so that the hallux could be repositioned to a physiologically satisfying position. After sufficient callus formation, the hardware was removed 14 weeks after surgery. Thereafter, the phalanx moved back to the subluxed position. Finally, an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was performed with a locking plate. Surgery should not be made only for cosmesis and associated psychological aspects; but, discomfort should be the deciding factor. The postoperative clinical and cosmetic results in our case were good, and the patient was quite satisfied. There was no longer any preoperative discomfort and pain.
An Unusual Case of Hamartomas Fibroliponeurales and Subungual Pain in the Hallux
Authors: de Bengoa Vallejo Ricardo Becerro , Iglesias Marta Elena Losa , Madolell José Andres Moya
Published: April 2014

A hamartoma is a benign, focal malformation resembling a neoplasm in its tissue of origin. This malady has not been reported to be manifested in the nail plate. Here, we describe a rare case of hamartoma under the nail plate of the first toe and its successful excision from a 30-year-old woman. We used palpation, radiologic analyses, excisional surgery, and histopathology to determine the presence of a hamartoma under the nail plate of the first toe. Removal of the mass was successful for the patient, and histopathologic analysis revealed characteristics of hamartoma. The presence of a hamartoma under the nail plate of the first toe is a unique finding that should be made aware to the clinical community.
Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Foot Orthoses in the Treatment of Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Rome Keith , Gray Joanne , Stewart Fiona , Hannant Stephen Charles , Callaghan Des , Hubble Joanne
Published: April 2014

This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two different types of foot orthoses used to treat plantar heel pain. Forty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive either a functional or an accommodative orthosis. General (EuroQol) and specific (Foot Health Status Questionnaire) health-status measures were used. Data were also collected using economic questionnaires relating to National Health Service costs for podia-try, other health-service costs, and patient costs. Data were measured at baseline and at 4- and 8-week intervals. Thirty-five patients completed the study. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in foot pain and a significant increase in foot function with the functional foot orthoses over the 8-week trial. The accommodative foot orthoses demonstrated a significant reduction in foot pain only at 4 weeks. The cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrated that functional orthoses, although initially more expensive, result in a better quality of life. Use of functional orthoses resulted in an increased cost of £17.99 ($32.74) per patient, leading to an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year of £1,650 ($3,003) for functional orthoses. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 229–238, 2004)
Examining the Validity of Selected Measures of Foot Type
Authors: Mathieson Ian , Upton Dominic , Prior Trevor D.
Published: April 2014

The rationale that subtalar joint position, reflected by calcaneal alignment, determines foot morphology was used to formulate an approach to examination of the validity of three measures of “foot type”: the Staheli Arch Index, the Chippaux-Smirak Index, and navicular height. Each measure was calculated in five positions, progressively inverting from a reference position of maximal comfortable eversion. Pearson product moment correlations (Staheli Arch Index: r = 0.5; Chippaux-Smirak Index: r = 0.6; and navicular height: r = 0.8) indicated that each measure progressively increased with inversion. The change in calcaneal position required to produce significant changes in each measure was investigated using analysis of variance with Scheffé post hoc analysis. This analysis revealed that changes of 15° and 20° were required to produce significant differences in Chippaux-Smirak Index and Staheli Arch Index scores, respectively, threatening their validity. Navicular height was sensitive to smaller changes of 10° and thus displays greater sensitivity to changes in calcaneal position than the footprint parameters tested. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 275–281, 2004)
Vancomycin
Authors: Smith Robert G.
Published: April 2014

An increased reliance on vancomycin to treat bacterial infections has led to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant organisms. The podiatric physician must select and use vancomycin with due caution. This article presents a general review of vancomycin’s pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and dosing recommendations. Literature citations of clinically based evidence regarding the development and use of vancomycin nomograms are also presented. A vancomycin dosing nomogram is introduced as an effective tool for the prescribing podiatric physician. Appropriate use of the information presented may improve patient outcomes and enable the podiatric physician to treat patients with less effort and at a lower cost. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(4): 389–394, 2004)
Effects of Heel Height and Shoe Shape on the Compressive Load Between Foot and Base
Authors: Broch Nana Lise , Wyller Thomas , Steen Harald
Published: April 2014

Even in the ever-changing and increasingly technical realm of medicine, commonsense approaches are needed. We can still learn from our predecessors by using their practical and simple methods. In this article a graphic approach in the sagittal plane is used to explain the relationship between the heel height of a shoe and load under the foot. By using an elementary theoretical model based on schematic sketches, an analysis of principle can be performed to calculate the change in the distribution of mechanical stress in the planta with change in foot orientation. The model shows that when standing posture remains unaltered, load under the forefoot increases and load under the heel decreases with elevated heel height and the corresponding changes in shoe shape. These results can be confirmed by pedobarographic and gait-analysis measurements, but the graphic method can be used without application of advanced instrumentation. The rationale behind the model is to use common terms and simple means to facilitate a more fundamental understanding of complex mechanical orthopedic problems. The method is meant to be a helpful supplement to clinical judgment in the many situations in which advanced instrumentation is not available. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(5): 461–469, 2004)
Salvage of the First Ray in a Diabetic Patient with Osteomyelitis
Authors: Roukis Thomas S. , Landsman Adam S.
Published: April 2014

A case report is presented of a 65-year-old diabetic woman with an 18-month history of a penetrating ulcer of the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head with associated sepsis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and adjacent underlying osteomyelitis. Salvage of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was performed through aggressive soft-tissue and osseous debridement, external fixation with antibiotic-loaded polymethyl methacrylate bone cement, and delayed interpositional autogenous iliac crest bone graft arthrodesis. Osseous incorporation of the interposed bone graft occurred 12 weeks postoperatively. No soft-tissue or osseous complications occurred during the postoperative period, and at 1-year follow-up there was no evidence of ulceration recurrence, transfer ulceration, shoe-fit problems, or gait abnormalities. A detailed review of the literature on the use of external fixation and interpositional bone graft distraction arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is presented. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(5): 492–498, 2004)
Associations Between Static and Functional Measures of Joint Function in the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Wrobel James S. , Connolly John E. , Beach Michael L.
Published: April 2014

Clinicians have traditionally assessed range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal and ankle joints in a static position. It is unclear, however, if these measurements accurately reflect functional sagittal plane limitations of these joints during gait. For 50 patients (100 feet), we assessed available dorsiflexion at the first metatarsophalangeal and ankle joints, as well as the presence of pinch callus. We then compared these findings with 11 functional gait parameters, as measured using a pressure sensor system. After adjusting for age, weight, smoking status, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insensitivity to monofilament, we found that patients with pinch callus demonstrated statistically significant compensatory gait patterns in 7 of 11 measures. Hallux limitus and equinus patients demonstrated six and three statistically significant associations, respectively. Pinch callus seems to be as predictive of functional gait alterations as static first metatarsophalangeal joint and ankle dorsiflexion. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(6): 535–541, 2004)
Treatment of Freiberg’s Infraction with the Titanium Hemi-implant
Authors: Shih Alan T. , Quint Richard E. , Armstrong David G. , Nixon Brent P.
Published: April 2014

Freiberg’s infraction is a relatively rare disease for which there is currently no consensus regarding surgical management. We present a case study describing a surgical procedure that uses a novel metatarsophalangeal hemi-implant. This procedure does not alter the metatarsal parabola, and it allows for other surgical procedures to be performed in the future. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(6): 590–593, 2004)
American Podiatric Medical Association Missing Time Survey, 2004
Authors: Fisher Allan H.
Published: April 2014

A 2004 survey of US adults found that 19% had experienced foot problems at work at some time. As a result, 38% reported lost productivity and 28% missed time at work. Younger, less educated male workers were more likely to suffer from foot problems. The percentage of the total population surveyed who missed time at work owing to foot problems was 5.4% in 2004. In a previous survey conducted in 2000, the corresponding percentage was 6.6%. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(6): 604–607, 2004)
A Systematic Approach to Evaluation of the Rearfoot, Ankle, and Leg in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Mendicino Robert W. , Catanzariti Alan R. , Reeves Christopher L. , King Glenda L.
Published: April 2014

The current literature shows that proper alignment of the lower extremity allows for greater function throughout the gait cycle. Therefore, realignment should be one of the primary goals in the surgical management of lower-extremity deformities and pathology. Multiplanar radiographic angular relationships should be critically evaluated to appropriately identify the level and extent of the deformity before performing realignment procedures. This article describes a systematic approach to deformity evaluation through a comprehensive radiographic assessment of the rearfoot, ankle, and lower leg. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(1): 2–12, 2005)
Improved Sensitivity in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: DeLellis Salvatore L. , Carnegie Dale H. , Burke Thomas J.
Published: April 2014

The medical records of 1,047 patients (mean age, 73 years) with established peripheral neuropathy were examined to determine whether treatment with monochromatic infrared photo energy was associated with increased foot sensitivity to the 5.07 Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. The peripheral neuropathy in 790 of these patients (75%) was due to diabetes mellitus. Before treatment with monochromatic infrared photo energy, of the ten tested sites (five on each foot), a mean ± SD of 7.9 ± 2.4 sites were insensitive to the 5.07 Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, and 1,033 patients exhibited loss of protective sensation. After treatment, the mean ± SD number of insensate sites on both feet was 2.3 ± 2.4, an improvement of 71%. Only 453 of 1,033 patients (43.9%) continued to have loss of protective sensation after treatment. Therefore, monochromatic infrared photo energy treatment seems to be associated with significant clinical improvement in foot sensation in patients, primarily Medicare aged, with peripheral neuropathy. Because insensitivity to the 5.07 Semmes-Weinstein monofilament has been reported to be a major risk factor for diabetic foot wounds, the use of monochromatic infrared photo energy may be associated with a reduced incidence of diabetic foot wounds and amputations. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(2): 143–147, 2005)
The Amount of Rearfoot Motion Used During the Stance Phase of Walking
Authors: Youberg Linda Dowdy , Cornwall Mark W. , McPoil Thomas G. , Hannon Patrick R.
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of available passive frontal plane rearfoot motion that is used during the stance phase of walking. Data were collected from 40 healthy, asymptomatic volunteer subjects (20 men and 20 women) aged 23 to 44 years. Passive inversion and eversion motion was measured in a nonweightbearing position by manually moving the calcaneus. Dynamic rearfoot motion was referenced to a vertical calcaneus and tibia and was measured using a three-dimensional electromagnetic motion-analysis system. The results indicated that individuals used 68.1% of their available passive eversion range of motion and 13.2% of their available passive inversion range of motion during walking. The clinical implication of individuals’ regularly operating at or near the end point of their available rearfoot eversion range of motion is discussed. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(4): 376–382, 2005)