bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological polyamine catabolism upregulation with methionine salvage pathway inhibition as an effective prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Affronti Hayley C. , Rowsam Aryn M. , Pellerite Anthony J. , Rosario Spencer R. , Long Mark D. , Jacobi Justine J. , Bianchi-Smiraglia Anna , Boerlin Christoph S. , Gillard Bryan M. , Karasik Ellen , Foster Barbara A. , Moser Michael , Wilton John H. , Attwood Kristopher , Nikiforov Mikhail A. , Azabdaftari Gissou , Pili Roberto , Phillips James G. , Casero Robert A. , Smiraglia Dominic J.
Published: January 2020

Prostatic luminal epithelial cells secrete high levels of acetylated polyamines into the prostatic lumen, sensitizing them to perturbations of connected metabolic pathways. Enhanced flux is driven by spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity, which acetylates polyamines leading to their secretion and drives biosynthetic demand. The methionine salvage pathway recycles one-carbon units lost to polyamine biosynthesis to the methionine cycle to overcome stress. Prostate cancer (CaP) relies on methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), the rate-limiting enzyme, to relieve strain. Here, we show that inhibition of MTAP alongside SSAT upregulation is synergistic in androgen sensitive and castration recurrent CaP models in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment increases apoptosis in radical prostatectomy ex vivo explant samples. This unique high metabolic flux through polyamine biosynthesis and connected one carbon metabolism in CaP creates a metabolic dependency. Enhancing this flux while simultaneously targeting this dependency in prostate cancer results in an effective therapeutic approach potentially translatable to the clinic.
Mechanisms of triplet energy transfer across the inorganic nanocrystal/organic molecule interface
Authors: Luo Xiao , Han Yaoyao , Chen Zongwei , Li Yulu , Liang Guijie , Liu Xue , Ding Tao , Nie Chengming , Wang Mei , Castellano Felix N. , Wu Kaifeng
Published: January 2020

The mechanisms of triplet energy transfer across the inorganic nanocrystal/organic molecule interface remain poorly understood. Many seemingly contradictory results have been reported, mainly because of the complicated trap states characteristic of inorganic semiconductors and the ill-defined relative energetics between semiconductors and molecules used in these studies. Here we clarify the transfer mechanisms by performing combined transient absorption and photoluminescence measurements, both with sub-picosecond time resolution, on model systems comprising lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with very low surface trap densities as the triplet donor and polyacenes which either favour or prohibit charge transfer as the triplet acceptors. Hole transfer from nanocrystals to tetracene is energetically favoured, and hence triplet transfer proceeds via a charge separated state. In contrast, charge transfer to naphthalene is energetically unfavourable and spectroscopy shows direct triplet transfer from nanocrystals to naphthalene; nonetheless, this “direct” process could also be mediated by a high-energy, virtual charge-transfer state.
Publisher Correction: The long non-coding RNA HOXB-AS3 regulates ribosomal RNA transcription in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Papaioannou Dimitrios , Petri Andreas , Dovey Oliver M. , Terreri Sara , Wang Eric , Collins Frances A. , Woodward Lauren A. , Walker Allison E. , Nicolet Deedra , Pepe Felice , Kumchala Prasanthi , Bill Marius , Walker Christopher J. , Karunasiri Malith , Mrózek Krzysztof , Gardner Miranda L. , Camilotto Virginia , Zitzer Nina , Cooper Jonathan L. , Cai Xiongwei , Rong-Mullins Xiaoqing , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Archer Kellie J. , Freitas Michael A. , Zheng Yi , Lee Robert J. , Aifantis Iannis , Vassiliou George , Singh Guramrit , Kauppinen Sakari , Bloomfield Clara D. , Dorrance Adrienne M. , Garzon Ramiro
Published: January 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Identification of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in humans reveals links between bone and energy metabolism
Authors: Weivoda Megan M. , Chew Chee Kian , Monroe David G. , Farr Joshua N. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Geske Jennifer R. , Eckhardt Brittany , Thicke Brianne , Ruan Ming , Tweed Amanda J. , McCready Louise K. , Rizza Robert A. , Matveyenko Aleksey , Kassem Moustapha , Andersen Thomas Levin , Vella Adrian , Drake Matthew T. , Clarke Bart L. , Oursler Merry Jo , Khosla Sundeep
Published: January 2020

Bone remodeling consists of resorption by osteoclasts followed by formation by osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are a source of bone formation-stimulating factors. Here we utilize osteoclast ablation by denosumab (DMAb) and RNA-sequencing of bone biopsies from postmenopausal women to identify osteoclast-secreted factors suppressed by DMAb. Based on these analyses,LIF, CREG2, CST3, CCBE1, andDPP4are likely osteoclast-derived coupling factors in humans. Given the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in glucose homeostasis, we further demonstrate that DMAb-treated participants have a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 and increase in Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, and also that type 2 diabetic patients treated with DMAb show significant reductions in HbA1c as compared to patients treated either with bisphosphonates or calcium and vitamin D. Thus, our results identify several coupling factors in humans and uncover osteoclast-derived DPP4 as a potential link between bone remodeling and energy metabolism.
Recording mobile DNA in the gut microbiota using an Escherichia coli CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition platform
Authors: Munck Christian , Sheth Ravi U. , Freedberg Daniel E. , Wang Harris H.
Published: January 2020

The flow of genetic material between bacteria is central to the adaptation and evolution of bacterial genomes. However, our knowledge about DNA transfer within complex microbiomes is lacking, with most studies of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) relying on bioinformatic analyses of genetic elements maintained on evolutionary timescales or experimental measurements of phenotypically trackable markers. Here, we utilize the CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition process to detect DNA acquisition events from complex microbiota in real-time and at nucleotide resolution. In this system, an E. coli recording strain is exposed to a microbial sample and spacers are acquired from transferred plasmids and permanently stored in genomic CRISPR arrays. Sequencing and analysis of acquired spacers enables identification of the transferred plasmids. This approach allowed us to identify individual mobile elements without relying on phenotypic markers or post-transfer replication. We found that HGT into the recording strain in human clinical fecal samples can be extensive and is driven by different plasmid types, with the IncX type being the most actively transferred.
Long-read sequencing reveals genomic structural variations that underlie creation of quality protein maize
Authors: Li Changsheng , Xiang Xiaoli , Huang Yongcai , Zhou Yong , An Dong , Dong Jiaqiang , Zhao Chenxi , Liu Hongjun , Li Yubin , Wang Qiong , Du Chunguang , Messing Joachim , Larkins Brian A. , Wu Yongrui , Wang Wenqin
Published: January 2020

Mutation of o2 doubles maize endosperm lysine content, but it causes an inferior kernel phenotype. Developing quality protein maize (QPM) by introgressing o2 modifiers (Mo2s) into the o2 mutant benefits millions of people in developing countries where maize is a primary protein source. Here, we report genome sequence and annotation of a South African QPM line K0326Y, which is assembled from single-molecule, real-time shotgun sequencing reads collinear with an optical map. We achieve a N50 contig length of 7.7 million bases (Mb) directly from long-read assembly, compared to those of 1.04 Mb for B73 and 1.48 Mb for Mo17. To characterize Mo2s, we map QTLs to chromosomes 1, 6, 7, and 9 using an F2 population derived from crossing K0326Y and W64Ao2. RNA-seq analysis of QPM and o2 endosperms reveals a group of differentially expressed genes that coincide with Mo2 QTLs, suggesting a potential role in vitreous endosperm formation.
Time-delay polaritonics
Authors: Töpfer J. D. , Sigurdsson H. , Pickup L. , Lagoudakis P. G.
Published: January 2020

Non-linearity and finite signal propagation speeds are omnipresent in nature, technologies, and real-world problems, where efficient ways of describing and predicting the effects of these elements are in high demand. Advances in engineering condensed matter systems, such as lattices of trapped condensates, have enabled studies on non-linear effects in many-body systems where exchange of particles between lattice nodes is effectively instantaneous. Here, we demonstrate a regime of macroscopic matter-wave systems, in which ballistically expanding condensates of microcavity exciton-polaritons act as picosecond, microscale non-linear oscillators subject to time-delayed interaction. The ease of optical control and readout of polariton condensates enables us to explore the phase space of two interacting condensates up to macroscopic distances highlighting its potential in extended configurations. We demonstrate deterministic tuning of the coupled-condensate system between fixed point and limit cycle regimes, which is fully reproduced by time-delayed coupled equations of motion similar to the Lang-Kobayashi equation.
From passivation to activation – tunable nickel/nickel oxide for hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Lovell Emma C. , Lu Xunyu , Zhang Qingran , Scott Jason , Amal Rose
Published: January 2020

A novel, simple and controllable approach to designing NiO/Ni heterostructures supported on carbon for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was utilized.
Stabilization of Grignard reagents by a pillar[5]arene host – Schlenk equilibria and Grignard reactions
Authors: Shen Lingyi , Zhao Yanxia , Dai Dihua , Yang Ying-Wei , Wu Biao , Yang Xiao-Juan
Published: January 2020

Grignard reagents with linear alkyl chains are encapsulated and stabilized by pillar[5]arene while preserving their reactivity in Grignard reactions.
[Cu(4-phenylpyridine)4(trifluoromethanesulfonate)2], a Werner complex that exhibits high selectivity for o-xylene
Authors: Kałuża Adrianna M. , Mukherjee Soumya , Wang Shi-Qiang , O’Hearn Daniel J. , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: January 2020

A new Werner complex features a switching sorption isotherm for o-xylene and combines high o-xylene selectivity with high uptake.
[DMEDA]PbCl4: a one-dimensional organic lead halide perovskite with efficient yellow emission
Authors: Sun Chen , Yue Yun-Di , Zhang Wei-Feng , Sun Xing-Yu , Du Yan , Pan Hong-Mei , Ma Yue-Yu , He Yuan-Chun , Li Meng-Ting , Jing Zhi-Hong
Published: January 2020

By using a simple room temperature solution reaction, we prepared a new type of one-dimensional (1D) hybrid lead halide [DMEDA]PbCl4. The compound gives a bright yellow emission with efficient photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) and optical stability.
Vacancy-engineered catalysts for water electrolysis
Authors: Choi Songa , Park Yeji , Yang Heesu , Jin Haneul , Tomboc Gracita M. , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: January 2020

Vacancy-engineered electrocatalysts showing various effects on improving performances toward water electrolysis.
Coordination polymer templated engineering of YVO4:Eu submicron crystals and photoluminescence
Authors: Huang Sai , Fan Zhenshu , Zhu Qi , Li Xiaodong , Sun Xudong , Li Ji-Guang
Published: January 2020

Cuboidal and octahedral (Y0.95Eu0.05)VO4 crystals were selectively converted from a tartrate coordination polymer, and the mechanisms of phase/morphology evolution were revealed via a series of controlled experiments.
The key structural features governing the free radicals and catalytic activity of graphite/graphene oxide
Authors: Komeily-Nia Zahra , Chen Jing-Yu , Nasri-Nasrabadi Bijan , Lei Wei-Wei , Yuan Bing , Zhang Jin , Qu Liang-Ti , Gupta Akhil , Li Jing-Liang
Published: January 2020

Progressive oxidation modulates the radical content of graphite/graphene oxide.
Enhancing CO2 chemisorption on lithium cuprate (Li2CuO2) at moderate temperatures and different pressures by alkaline nitrate addition
Authors: Yañez-Aulestia Ana , Wang Qiang , Pfeiffer Heriberto
Published: January 2020

Reaction mechanism description of CO2 capture on alkaline (Li, Na and K) nitrate-containing Li2CuO2 at moderate temperatures.
Interaction of hydrated metals with chemically modified hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots: wastewater treatment and water splitting
Authors: Abdelsalam H. , O. Younis W. , Saroka V. A. , Teleb N. H. , Yunoki S. , Zhang Q.
Published: January 2020

The electronic and adsorption properties of chemically modified square hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots are investigated using density functional theory calculations.
Allanite U–Th–Pb geochronology by ion microprobe
Authors: Liao Xin , Li Qiu-li , Whitehouse M. J. , Yang Yue-heng , Liu Yu
Published: January 2020

No matrix effect from Fe and Th variation was detected on SIMS allanite U–Th–Pb dating.
Handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a fast and easy method to trace gold
Authors: Pochon Anthony , Desaulty Anne-Marie , Bailly Laurent
Published: January 2020

This study demonstrates the ability of a handheld LIBS unit to quantify the Ag content in order to trace the provenance of natural gold.
Unveiling the underlying mechanism of record-high efficiency organic near-infrared photodetector harnessing a single-component photoactive layer
Authors: Wang Miaosheng , Li Ya-Ze , Chen Hung-Cheng , Liu Che-Wei , Chen Yi-Sheng , Lo Yuan-Chih , Tsao Cheng-Si , Huang Yu-Ching , Liu Shun-Wei , Wong Ken-Tsung , Hu Bin
Published: January 2020

The record-high efficiency single-active-layer organic near-infrared photodetector is demonstrated with the directly generated free photocarriers.
Nature-mimic fabricated polydopamine/MIL-53(Fe): efficient visible-light responsive photocatalysts for the selective oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Meng Shuangyan , Zeng Wei , Wang Mingming , Niu Litong , Hu Shaoping , Su Bitao , Yang Yaoxia , Yang Zhiwang , Xue Qunji
Published: January 2020

PDA/MIL-53(Fe) nanocomposites prepared via a nature-mimicking method were efficient catalysts towards the photocatalytic selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones by a direct holeoxidation process under visible-light illuminated conditions.
Preparation and characterization of an Ag3PO4/GaOOH composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance toward rhodamine B
Authors: Huang Panqi , Luan Jingfei
Published: January 2020

A highly efficient Ag3PO4/GaOOH composite was innovatively prepared and its photocatalytic performance was evaluated through degrading rhodamine B (RhB) under illumination, in this paper.
Highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells incorporating P3CT-Rb as a hole transport layer to achieve a large open circuit voltage of 1.144 V
Authors: Li Shufang , He Bizu , Xu Jing , Lu Huiqiang , Jiang Jian , Zhu Jianhui , Kan Zhipeng , Zhu Linna , Wu Fei
Published: January 2020

Alkali metal ion doped P3CT has been studied systematically to be used as a hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells.
Experimental realization of quasicubic boron sheets
Authors: Wu Zenghui , Tai Guoan , Shao Wei , Wang Rui , Hou Chuang
Published: January 2020

Two-dimensional boron sheets with a quasicubic structure have been synthesized on a Ni foil substrate by chemical vapor deposition, and possess a direct bandgap of around 2.4 eV.
Facile 3D integration of Si nanowires on Bosch-etched sidewalls for stacked channel transistors
Authors: Hu Ruijin , Ma Haiguang , Yin Han , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji , Yu Linwei
Published: January 2020

3D integration of stacked Si nanowire arrays via a self assembly growth on Bosch-etched sidewalls and a successful demonstration of high performance staked channel transistors with an impressive on/off current >107.
Mechanical force regulation of YAP by F-actin and GPCR revealed by super-resolution imaging
Authors: Gao Jing , He Lingli , Zhou Lulu , Jing Yingying , Wang Feng , Shi Yan , Cai Mingjun , Sun Jiayin , Xu Haijiao , Jiang Junguang , Zhang Lei , Wang Hongda
Published: January 2020

Our work uncovers the role of GPCRs and F-actin in pressure-controlled YAP inactivation, and provides new insights into the mechanisms of mechanical regulation to the Hippo signaling pathway.
Eliciting an immune hot tumor niche with biomimetic drug-based multi-functional nanohybrids augments immune checkpoint blockade-based breast cancer therapy
Authors: Du Wei , Chen Chen , Sun Peng , Zhang Shengchang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Ying , Zhang Rui , Yan Chongzheng , Fan Changchun , Wu Jibiao , Jiang Xinyi
Published: January 2020

Biomimetic drug-based nanohybrids boost immune checkpoint blockade-based cancer therapy through eliciting an immune hot tumor niche.
PET-RAFT polymerization catalyzed by cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs): Grafting-from QDs photocatalysts to make polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Egap Eilaf
Published: January 2020

We report herein the first example of light-controlled radical reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization facilitated by cadmium selenide quantum dots and the grafting-from CdSe QDs to create polymer-QDs nanocomposites.
Self-crosslinkable polymers from furan-functionalized Meldrum's acid and maleimides as effective precursors of free-standing and flexible crosslinked polymer films showing low dielectric constants
Authors: Huang Chien-Ho , Liu Ying-Ling
Published: January 2020

The integration of Michael addition and Diels–Alder reaction in the synthesis of reactive polymers for self-standing and flexible crosslinked polymer films.
Stimuli-responsive luminochromic polymers consisting of multi-state emissive fused boron ketoiminate
Authors: Suenaga Kazumasa , Uemura Kyoya , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: January 2020

Both thermochromic luminescence in solution and mechanochromic luminescence were each observed from conjugated polymers containing a fused boron complex.
Ring opening copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and diselenic macrolide carbonate for well-defined poly(ester-co-carbonate): kinetic evaluation and ROS/GSH responsiveness
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Sun Chuanhao , Hu Jieni , Huang Yanling , Lu Yunxiang , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2020

Theoretical calculations agreed well with the experimental results. The competitive mechanism was proposed to clarify the composition and structure of the copolymers.
Structural tuning of polycaprolactone based thermadapt shape memory polymer
Authors: Miao Wusha , Zou Weike , Luo Yingwu , Zheng Ning , Zhao Qiao , Xie Tao
Published: January 2020

Polycaprolactone based thermadapt shape memory polymers with precisely controlled structures allow tunable shape reconfigurability.
Influence of electronically conductive additives on the cycling performance of argyrodite-based all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Strauss Florian , Stepien Dominik , Maibach Julia , Pfaffmann Lukas , Indris Sylvio , Hartmann Pascal , Brezesinski Torsten
Published: January 2020

Low-surface-area carbon black helps to improve the performance of bulk-type all-solid-state batteries using NCM622 cathode material and argyrodite Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte.
Tri-functional platform for construction of modular antibody fragments for in vivo18F-PET or NIRF molecular imaging
Authors: Gamache Raymond F. , Zettlitz Kirstin A. , Tsai Wen-Ting K. , Collins Jeffrey , Wu Anna M. , Murphy Jennifer M.
Published: January 2020

To provide a universal approach towards the targeted delivery of PET and optical imaging agents, we have developed a tri-functional platform (TFP) for the facile construction of modular, target-specific tracers.
Effect of the enamine pyramidalization direction on the reactivity of secondary amine organocatalysts
Authors: Schnitzer Tobias , Möhler Jasper S. , Wennemers Helma
Published: January 2020

Endo-pyramidalisation at nitrogen bestows enamines derived from α-substituted amines with higher reactivity compared to exo-pyramidalisation.
Hierarchical porous carbon derived from eucalyptus-bark as a sustainable electrode for high-performance solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Yadav Nitish , Ritu  , Promila  , Hashmi S. A.
Published: January 2020

Conversion of waste biomass into porous carbon, with improved energy and power, for use as an electrode for electrochemical double layer capacitors.
Temperature and doping-tuned coordination environments around electroactive centers in Fe-doped α(β)-Ni(OH)2 for excellent water splitting
Authors: Cao Qinghe , Luo Mi , Huang Yutian , Liu Qi , Kong Xiaoxing , Lei Jinlong , Jiang Zheng , Wang Jiahai
Published: January 2020

β-Ni(OH)2 on Ni foam can be synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The addition of Fe3+ during synthesis produced Fe-doped α-Ni(OH)2 at 120 °C and Fe-doped β-Ni(OH)2 at 240 °C. The HER and OER activity of these materials were investigated through both experiment and DFT.
Titanate nanotube confined merger of organic photocatalysis and TEMPO catalysis for highly selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Lang Xianjun
Published: January 2020

Here, it is discovered that titanate (H2Ti3O7) nanotubes can confine the merger of erythrosin B (ErB) photocatalysis and TEMPO catalysis for highly selective aerobic oxidation of sulfides under irradiation of green light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Hydrodynamic effects on the motility of crawling eukaryotic cells
Authors: Mai Melissa H. , Camley Brian A.
Published: January 2020

We study how hydrodynamics can alter cell crawling, extending the simple three-sphere swimmer to include adhesion to a substrate.
High-contrast luminescence dependent on polymorphism and mechanochromism of AIE-active (4-(phenothiazin-10-yl)phenyl)(pyren-1-yl)methanone
Authors: Xiong Yi , Huang Jian , Liu Yingjie , Xiao Biao , Xu Bin , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: January 2020

The polymorphism and mechanochromism properties of a new AIEgen are studied.
Longitudinal Growth in Single-Word Intelligibility Among Children With Cerebral Palsy From 24 to 96 Months of Age: Effects of Speech-Language Profile Group Membership on Outcomes
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Mahr Tristan J. , Broman Aimee Teo , Rathouz Paul J.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

We examined whether there were differences among speech-language profile groups of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in age of crossing 25%, 50%, and 75% intelligibility thresholds; age of greatest intelligibility growth; rate of intelligibility growth; maximum attained intelligibility at 8 years; and how well intelligibility at 36 months predicts intelligibility at 96 months when group membership is accounted for. Profile groups were children with no speech motor impairment (NSMI), those with speech motor impairment and language comprehension that is typically developing (SMI-LCT), and those with speech motor impairment and language comprehension impairment (SMI-LCI).

Method

Sixty-eight children with CP were followed longitudinally between 24 and 96 months of age. A total of 564 time points were examined across children (
M
= 8.3 time points per child,
SD
= 2.6). We fitted a nonlinear random effects model for longitudinal observations, allowing for differences between profile groups. We used the fitted model trajectories to generate descriptive analyses of intelligibility growth by group and to generate simulations to analyze how well 36-month intelligibility data predicted 96-month data accounting for profile groups.

Results

Children with CP who have NSMI have different growth and better intelligibility outcomes than those with speech motor impairment. Children with SMI-LCT tend to have better outcomes but similar intelligibility growth as children with SMI-LCI. There may be a subset of children that cut across SMI-LCI and SMI-LCT groups who have severe speech motor involvement and show limited growth in intelligibility.

Conclusions

Intelligibility outcomes for children with CP are affected by profile group membership. Intelligibility growth tends to be delayed in children with speech motor impairment. Intelligibility at 3 years is highly predictive of later outcomes regardless of profile group. Intervention decision making should include consideration of early intelligibility, and treatment directions should include consideration of augmentative and alternative communication.
Predicting Dyslexia in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Alonzo Crystle N. , McIlraith Autumn L. , Catts Hugh W. , Hogan Tiffany P.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

In this study, we examine how well kindergarten letter identification and phonological awareness predict 2nd grade word reading and dyslexia in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and their age- and grade-matched peers with typical language (TL).

Method

We employ (a) logistic regression to determine how letter identification and phonological awareness predict dyslexia, that is, dichotomous categorization of good or poor word reading, in children with DLD and TL and (b) quantile regression to determine how letter identification and phonological awareness are associated with word reading abilities on a continuum in these groups of children.

Results

Logistic regression revealed that letter identification was the only significant, unique kindergarten predictor of dyslexia in 2nd grade children with DLD, when compared to phonological awareness. In children with TL, both kindergarten letter identification and phonological awareness significantly predicted dyslexia in 2nd grade. Quantile regression revealed that kindergarten letter identification was a stronger predictor of 2nd grade word reading for average and lower achieving word readers with DLD and their peers with TL compared to higher performing readers. Phonological awareness was weakly associated with word reading across the full continuum of word reading abilities in children with DLD.

Conclusion

Letter identification is a more accurate predictor of poor word reading and dyslexia than phonological awareness in kindergarten children with DLD, which has important implications for recent U.S. legislation around early identification of dyslexia in all children.
Robust scheme for voltage regulation and power sharing among DERs in DC microgrids
Authors: Malek Sajjad , Gholipour Mehdi
Published: January 2020

This study presents a new control scheme to provide both voltage regulation and power sharing within a DC microgrid. It includes both primary and secondary levels as well as the proposed auxiliary feedback. The secondary control distributes and uses the consensus algorithm to share power. First, the auxiliary feedback is formulated. Then the features of the feedback are analytically extracted to provide both voltage regulation and power sharing. Next, the particle swarm optimisation algorithm determines the parameters of the controller optimally. Following that, a series of simulations is carried out to show the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with the conventional methods. Hence, to validate the advantages of the proposed scheme, a four distributed energy resource (DER) DC microgrid is considered, and the proposed approach is applied. Afterwards, the eigenvalue and sensitivity analysis show the effect of the parameters variation on microgrid stability. The results show that the applied method can regulate the voltage well and shares the power in the presence of the load demand as a disturbance besides the long‐time delay associated with the secondary control as an uncertainty.
Forecast uncertainty‐based performance degradation diagnosis of solar PV systems
Authors: Lee HyunYong , Ko Seok‐Kap , Lee Byung‐Tak
Published: January 2020

In this study, the authors are interested in estimating how much a PV system underperforms than expected by exploiting forecast uncertainty. For this, they first study a forecast accuracy‐related forecast uncertainty metric using the ensemble method based on the dropout technique, which is widely used in deep learning forecasting models. Given the forecast accuracy‐related uncertainty metric, the rationale of the authors' approach is that forecast accuracy is likely to decrease compared to the normal case of similar uncertainty metric values if any performance degradation happens. It is because similar uncertainty metric values are likely to show similar forecast accuracy. Therefore, they generate a standard table by simulating possible performance degradation cases and conduct the performance degradation diagnosis by looking up the standard table based on the uncertainty metric. From the experiments, in the case of persistent degradation, they show that their approach estimates the performance degradation with the estimation error of around 1% while an uncertainty‐unaware approach shows the estimation error of up to 5%. In the case of temporal degradation, their approach shows the estimation error of around 3%, while the uncertainty‐unaware approach does not show meaningful result.
A search for the origin of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L. , Farnocchia Davide , Ye Quanzhi , Meech Karen J. , Micheli Marco
Published: January 2020

The discovery of the second interstellar object 2I/Borisov on 2019 August 30 raises the question of whether it was ejected recently from a nearby stellar system. Here we compute the asymptotic incoming trajectory of 2I/Borisov, based on both recent and pre-discovery data extending back to December 2018, using a range of force models that account for cometary outgassing. From Gaia DR2 astrometry and radial velocities, we trace back in time the Galactic orbits of 7.4 million stars to look for close encounters with 2I/Borisov. The closest encounter we find took place 910 kyr ago with the M0V star Ross 573, at a separation of 0.068 pc (90% confidence interval of 0.053–0.091 pc) with a relative velocity of 23 km s−1. This encounter is nine times closer than the closest past encounter identified for the first interstellar object 1I/‘Oumuamua. Ejection of 2I/Borisov via a three-body encounter in a binary or planetary system is possible, although such a large ejection velocity is unlikely to be obtained and Ross 573 shows no signs of binarity. We also identify and discuss some other recent close encounters, recognizing that if 2I/Borisov is more than about 10 Myr old, our search would be unlikely to find its parent system.
Planar tool radius compensation for CNC systems based on NURBS interpolation
Authors: Li Jiangang , Wang Qian , Zhong Ganggang
Published: January 2020

This paper introduces the realization of a tool radius compensation algorithm for NURBS trajectory. First, a single-segment NURBS trajectory tool radius compensation algorithm is developed. Different from the straight line and arc trajectory, the self-intersection phenomenon is prone to happen when calculating a single NURBS tool center trajectory, and the self-intersection will cause the overcut of workpiece. To avoid this situation, the algorithm introduced in this paper can detect whether the NURBS tool center track has caused overcut, and deal with the self-processing. Second, the tool radius compensation algorithm with multi-segment NURBS trajectory is implemented. The focus of this part is the tool radius compensation of the trajectory transfer, and the trajectory transfer is divided into two types: the extension type and the shortened type. For the shortened type transfer, cross-processing is needed to avoid the overcut of workpiece at the transfer. When calculating the tool radius compensation of the shortened type, we not only need to find the intersection of the tool center trajectory of two adjacent NURBS curves, but also need to select the intersection we need when a number of intersections exist. For the extension type transfer, in order to ensure the continuity of the tool center trajectory, we need to extend the tool center trajectory or add arc-segment at the transfer. The proposed algorithm can automatically decide where to extend the tool center trajectory or add arc-segment to achieve the best efficiency. Finally, the algorithm can output the calculated NURBS tool center trajectory in the form of linear segment interpolation G code or NURBS interpolation G code according to the processing needs. Simulations on VERICUT and experiments on three-axis CNC machine tool shows the effectiveness and validation of the tool path compensation algorithm.
Acoustic emission description from a damage and failure scenario of rotomoulded polyolefin sandwich structure subjected to internal pressure for storage applications
Authors: Lainé Eric , Grandidier Jean-Claude , Cruz Maxime , Gorge Anne-Laure , Bouvy Claire , Vaes Geert
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the damage mechanisms in a sandwich polymer structure that contains three layers: two polyolefin skins and the foam core (skin–foam–skin). Specific tests on structure associated with the acoustic emission (AE) technique and tomographic observations (RX) are used to identify the damage. Initially, a conventional tensile test was performed to correlate the acoustic emission with the initiation of plasticity and damage to a polyethylene sample. The results obtained are close to those observed in other studies and it is possible to separate the signal from cavitation and propagation of necking. The technique is then employed to capture the rupture of a polymer skin on a multilayer rotomoulded structure (bottle). Tests were carried out on this bottle under internal water pressure. Three tests are performed with more or less early interruptions in order to identify the first damage and understand their evolution. Different quantities (average frequency, RA value, etc.) are observed in order to quantify and understand the perceived damage. With the AE/RX correlation and mechanical behaviour, a scenario of structural damage is proposed.
Effects of processing parameters on mechanical, material flow and wear behaviour of friction stir welded 6101-T6 and 7075-T651 aluminium alloys
Authors: Abolusoro Olatunji P. , Akinlabi Esther T.
Published: January 2020

Dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) between 6101-T6 and 7075-T651 aluminium alloys was conducted. Three different parameters each were investigated for rotational speed and travel speed, and the effects of these parameters on the tensile behaviour, hardness and wear were evaluated. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength increases with an increase in the feed rate. However, the increase in rotational speed decreases the ultimate tensile values. The fractured analysis of the tensile samples shows similarities in the fractured pattern as all the samples failed at heat affected zone close to the 6101-T6 alloy. The hardness varies across the heat affected zones and nugget zone both at constant rotational speed and welding speeds. The highest resistance to wear occurred at 65 mm min−1 and 1850 rpm welding speed and rotational speed respectively while better material mixing was achieved at the nugget zone of the welds at 1250 rpm and 110 mm/min.
Prevalence and morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis bertrami in horses in China
Authors: Ma Chun-Li , Ye Yu-Long , Wen Tao , Huang Zhu-Mei , Pan Jing , Hu Jun-Jie , Tao Jian-Ping , Song Jing-Ling
Published: January 2020

Three cyst-forming Sarcocystis species have been identified in horsemeat; however, there exists considerable confusion concerning their relationships. Here, 74% (34/46) of the examined tissue samples from horses contained sarcocysts based on examination by light microscopy (LM), and the organism was identified as Sarcocystis bertrami based on cyst structure. The S. bertrami cysts were microscopic (up to 6750 μm in length) and exhibited a striated wall with 2.0–5.1 μm villar protrusions (vps) under LM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that the vps were tightly packed, similar to “type 11c”. Four genetic markers (18S, 28S, ITS1 and the mitochondrial cox1 gene) of S. bertrami were sequenced and analyzed. The 28S and ITS1 sequences are the first records for Sarcocystis in horses. The newly obtained sequences of the 18S and cox1 genes both shared the highest similarities with those of S. bertrami and S. fayeri obtained from horses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S, 28S and cox1 sequences revealed that S. bertrami and S. fayeri formed an independent clade within a group comprising Sarcocystis spp. from ruminants and pigs. Therefore, S. bertrami and S. fayeri are considered to represent the same species of Sarcocystis in horses, and S. fayeri is a junior synonym of Sarcocystis bertrami.
A BRKGA-based matheuristic for the maximum quasi-clique problem with an exact local search strategy
Authors: Pinto Bruno Q. , Ribeiro Celso C. , Riveaux José A. , Rosseti Isabel
Published: January 2020

Given a graph G = (V, E) and a threshold γ ∈ (0, 1], the maximum cardinality quasi- clique problem consists in finding a maximum cardinality subset C* of the vertices in V such that the density of the graph induced in G by C* is greater than or equal to the threshold γ. This problem has a number of applications in data mining, e.g., in social networks or phone call graphs. We propose a matheuristic for solving the maximum cardinality quasi-clique problem, based on the hybridization of a biased random-key genetic algorithm (BRKGA) with an exact local search strategy. The newly proposed approach is compared with a pure biased random-key genetic algorithm, which was the best heuristic in the literature at the time of writing. Computational results show that the hybrid BRKGA outperforms the pure BRKGA.
The super-connectivity of odd graphs and of their kronecker double cover
Authors: Boruzanlı Ek̇inċi Gülnaz , Gauci John Baptist
Published: January 2020

The study of connectivity parameters forms an integral part of the research conducted in establishing the fault tolerance of networks. A number of variations on the classical notion of connectivity have been proposed and studied. In particular, the super-connectivity asks for the minimum number of vertices that need to be deleted from a graph in order to disconnect the graph without creating isolated vertices. In this work, we determine this value for two closely related families of graphs which are considered as good models for networks, namely the odd graphs and their Kronecker double cover. The odd graphs are constructed by taking all possible subsets of size k from the set of integers {1,…,2k + 1} as vertices, and defining two vertices to be adjacent if the corresponding k-subsets are disjoint; these correspond to the Kneser graphs KG(2k + 1, k). The Kronecker double cover of a graph G is formed by taking the Kronecker product of G with the complete graph on two vertices; in the case when G is KG(2k + 1, k), the Kronecker double cover is the bipartite Kneser graph H(2k + 1, k). We show that in both instances, the super-connectivity is equal to 2k.
Larotrectinib bei TRK-Fusionstumoren
Authors: Tetzner Carolin
Published: January 2020

Wirkstoff Larotrectinib hat im September 2019 eine EU-Zulassung zur Behandlung von erwachsenen und pädiatrischen Patienten mit TRK-Fusionstumoren erhalten. Der orale Wirkstoff ist der erste Vertreter einer neuen Arzneimittelklasse, der gezielt den onkogenen Treiber eines Tumors inhibiert.
Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Adaptations Following Regular Cold Water Immersion
Authors: Ihsan Mohammed , Watson Greig , Choo Hui Cheng , Govus Andrew , Cocking Scott , Stanley Jamie , Abbiss Chris Richard
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the effect of endurance training and regular post-exercise cold water immersion on changes in microvascular function. Nine males performed 3 sessions∙wk-1 of endurance training for 4 weeks. Following each session, participants immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C; COLD) for 15 min while the contra-lateral leg served as control (CON). Before and after training, microvascular function of the gastrocnemius was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy, where 5 min of popliteal artery occlusion was applied and monitored for 3 min upon cuff release. Changes in Hbdiff (oxyhemoglobin – deoxyhemoglobin) amplitude (O-AMP), area under curve (O-AUC) and estimated muscle oxygen consumption (mVO2) were determined during occlusion, while the reperfusion rate (R-RATE), reperfusion amplitude (R-AMP) and hyperemic response (HYP) were determined following cuff release. Training increased O-AMP (p=0.010), O-AUC (p=0.011), mVO2 (p=0.013), R-AMP (p=0.004) and HYP (p=0.057). Significant time (p=0.024) and condition (p=0.026) effects were observed for R-RATE, where the increase in COLD was greater compared with CON (p=0.026). In conclusion, R-RATE following training was significantly higher in COLD compared with CON, providing some evidence for enhanced microvascular adaptations following regular cold water immersion.
Clostridium difficile-Infektionen
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: January 2020

Sollten Patienten mit schweren und wiederkehrenden Infektionen mit Clostridium difficile lieber eine Stuhltransplantation erhalten anstatt einer Antibiotikatherapie? Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine italienische Kohortenstudie. Hier schnitt die Stuhltransplantation hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit einer Sepsis, der Hospitalisationsdauer sowie beim Gesamtüberleben (OS) besser ab als die medikamentöse Behandlung. Allerdings gibt es bei der Interpretation der Daten einige Unklarheiten.
Die aktuelle und zukünftige Rolle der Active Surveillance beim Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Pfaff Tillmann , Jentzmik Florian
Published: January 2020

Das Prostatakarzinom (PCa) ist mit 25 % aller diagnostizierten malignen Tumoren die häufigste Krebserkrankung des Mannes in Deutschland. Ca. 50 % der Tumoren sind sogenannte low-risk-Karzinome. Diese Tumoren haben ein sehr geringes Risikopotenzial. Eine invasive Therapie mit kurativer Intention kann hier eine potenzielle Übertherapie darstellen. Als alternative Therapiemöglichkeit hat sich die Active Surveillance etabliert. Mit der Active Surveillance soll ein low-risk Tumor überwacht werden, die Übertherapie vermieden und bei Progress eine invasive Therapie eingeleitet werden, bei gleicher tumorspezifischen Mortalitätsrate und einer Reduktion der Morbidität.
Non-Surgical and Non-Radioiodine Techniques for Ablation of Benign
Thyroid Nodules: Consensus Statement and Recommendation
Authors: Feldkamp Joachim , Grünwald F. , Luster Markus , Lorenz Kerstin , Vorländer Christian , Führer Dagmar
Published: January 2020

Thyroid nodules and cysts are frequently diagnosed in Germany with a
prevalence of about 20% in young adults reaching up to 70%
in older adults. Surgery is the standard treatment of symptomatic nodules,
nodules with suspicion of malignancy and thyroid cancer. Radioiodine
treatment is applied for autonomously functioning nodules. During the last
years new non-surgical and non-radioiodine techniques have been introduced
to treat thyroid nodules. These techniques include
ethanol/polidocanol treatment, radiofrequency, microwave, and laser
ablation, and high frequency ultrasound ablation. A significant reduction in
nodule size could be documented for these techniques in several studies, but
long-term outcome data are missing. Until now, there is no general consensus
regarding the appropriate indications for these methods. For this reason,
the Thyroid Section (German Society for Endocrinology), the Thyroid Working
Committee (German Society for Nuclear Medicine), and the German Association
of Endocrine Surgeons (CAEK) for the German Society of General and Visceral
Surgery (DGAV) reviewed the respective literature, discussed the pro and
cons and developed a consensus statement and recommendation to help
physicians and patients in their decision making.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of π-Activated Alcohols
Authors: Akkarasamiyo Sunisa , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ploypradith Poonsaksi , Samec Joseph S. M.
Published: January 2020

The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction is one of the most powerful tools for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. The utilization of alcohols in this powerful reaction is a challenging task. This short review covers progress in the transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki­–Miyaura-type cross-coupling reaction of π-activated alcohol, such as aryl, benzylic, allylic, propargylic and allenic alcohols, between 2000 and June 2019.

1 Introduction

2 Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Alcohols

2.1 One-Pot Reactions with Pre-activation of the C–O Bond

2.1.1 Palladium Catalysis

2.1.2 Nickel Catalysis

2.2 Direct Activation of the C–O Bond

2.2.1 Nickel Catalysis

3 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Benzylic Alcohols

4 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allylic Alcohols

4.1 Rhodium Catalysis

4.2 Palladium Catalysis

4.3 Nickel Catalysis

4.4 Stereospecific Reactions

4.5 Stereoselective Reactions

4.6 Domino Reactions

5 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols

5.1 Palladium Catalysis

5.2 Rhodium Catalysis

6 Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allenic Alcohols

6.1 Palladium Catalysis

6.2 Rhodium Catalysis

7 Conclusions
European and Australian Cerebral Palsy Surveillance Networks Working Together for Collaborative Research
Authors: Sellier Elodie , McIntyre Sarah , Smithers-Sheedy Hayley , Platt Mary Jane ,   on behalf of SCPE and ACPR Groups
Published: January 2020

Aims This study aims to describe and compare goals and methods, characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to compare prevalence of CP in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) and the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register (ACPR).

Methods This study compares the objectives of the two networks and their working practices; key documents from both above-mentioned networks were used. Children included in the comparison of the descriptive profile and prevalence measures were born between 1993 and 2009 for Australian data and between 1980 and 2003 for SCPE.

Results SCPE contributed 10,756 cases and ACPR 6,803. There were similar distributions of motor type, severity, and gestational age groups, except for the proportion of the lowest gestational age category (range, 20–27 weeks) which was twice higher in the ACPR (13 vs. 7%). Associated impairment proportions were also similar except for severe vision impairment which was more than twice as high in SCPE as in the ACPR (11 vs. 4%), but most likely due to a subtle difference in definitions. Prevalence rates were comparable at the same time point in the different groups of birth weight, and declined over time, except for the moderately low birth weight in ACPR.

Conclusion Two CP networks representing two continents have compared their major characteristics to facilitate the comparison across their study populations. These characteristics proved to be similar with only marginal differences. This gives additional strength to the observation in both networks that CP prevalence is decreasing which is of great importance for families and health care systems.
Fathers' Visitation of Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the First Week of Life
Authors: Patel Khushbu , Cortright Lindsay , Tumin Dmitry , Kohler John A.
Published: January 2020

Objective The perceived fragility of extremely preterm neonates may deter paternal visitation early during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between paternal visitation of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in our NICU and sociodemographic characteristics.

Study Design We identified inborn VLBW infants admitted to our NICU from 2017 to 2018. The rate of visit days in the first week of life was analyzed using Spearman's correlation and Poisson's regression.

Results The analysis included 292 infants (median gestational age [GA]: 29 weeks), with fathers present on a median of 3 days of the first week of life. GA was not correlated with visitation (rho = –0.04). On multivariable regression, fathers visited less frequently if they did not live with the mother or if the mother lived 25 to 75 km from the hospital versus < 25 km.

Conclusion Fathers' visitation in our NICU was constrained by socioeconomic factors rather than VLBW infants' characteristics.