bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macroeconomic and Social Indicators to Launch the PM-Based VBHC Model in the Healthcare System in Poland
Authors: Nojszewska Ewelina , Sielska Agata
Published: February 2022

Global health systems face shortages of resources and, above all, money, with a simultaneous increase in health spending, as well as doubts about their effectiveness. In addition, there is a growing sense of greater achievement of the essential goal of clinical effectiveness. In the face of these problems, many centres are working on a new system of financing healthcare providers, primarily hospitals, which provide the most expensive medical services. In the opinion of the authors, an essential element for the implementation of VBHC is a comprehensive knowledge of hospitals, health care, the economy, public finances and the behaviour of members of society, based on KPIs. The work on these is not well advanced, and it seems that without the knowledge of economic and social determinants, it will not be possible to implement an affective VBHC model. Therefore, in the present article, after presenting the current state of research regarding the VBHC, personalised medicine as a prerequisite for achieving clinical effectiveness, and KPIs as a prerequisite for achieving economic efficiency, the authors focus on economic and sociological KPIs. The knowledge gained from this study is necessary to make effective decisions for the appropriate operation of healthcare as a system, and of hospitals in particular.
Wellbeing in Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Personal Resources and Exhaustion
Authors: Grandi Annalisa , Zito Margherita , Sist Luisa , Martoni Monica , Russo Vincenzo , Colombo Lara
Published: February 2022

Italy was the second country to be affected by COVID-19 in early 2020, after China. The confrontation with the pandemic led to great changes in the world of work and, consequently, to the personal world of workers. In such a challenging situation, it is essential to be able to rely on resources that facilitate individual coping. The aim of this study was to understand the association between personal resources (optimism and humor) and exhaustion, and the role of self-compassion in this relationship. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses on a heterogeneous sample of 422 Italian workers during the first lockdown in April–May 2020. The results revealed that optimism and humor were positively associated with self-compassion; optimism and humor also had a negative association with exhaustion; and self-compassion had a mediating role between the two personal resources and exhaustion. These results confirmed the importance of personal resources in maintaining workers’ wellbeing during a challenging period such as the pandemic. The present study also contributes to the body of knowledge on self-compassion, a relatively new construct that has been little studied in the organizational field.
Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity and FMS in Children Living in Deprived Areas in the UK: Qualitative Study
Authors: Eyre Emma L.J. , Adeyemi Leanne J , Cook Kathryn , Noon Mark , Tallis Jason , Duncan Michael
Published: February 2022

Using the socio-ecological model, this qualitative study aimed to explore teachers’ perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) and physical activity engagement in children living in deprived areas in the UK. A purposive sample of 14 primary school teachers participated in semi-structured focus groups drawn from schools situated in lower SES wards and ethnically diverse areas in Central England. Thematic analysis of transcripts identified multiple and interrelated factors across all levels of the socio-ecological model for barriers to FMS and PA (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, community and policy). Facilitators at three levels of influence were found (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal and organisational). We conclude, barriers and enablers to the PA and FMS in children from ethnically diverse backgrounds living in deprived areas are multifactorial and interrelated. At a school level, initiatives to increase PA and develop the FMS needed to be active are likely to be ineffective unless the barriers are addressed at all levels and considered more holistically with their complexity. Multi-disciplinary solutions are needed across sectors given the range of complex and interrelated factors.
The Effect of Juingong Meditation on the Theta to Alpha Ratio in the Temporoparietal and Anterior Frontal EEG Recordings
Authors: Kim Joohyun , Kim Miji , Jang Miran , Lee Junyeop
Published: February 2022

(1) Background: The effect of Juingong meditation on brainwave patterns has not been explored yet. This study aimed to study the changes in brainwave patterns produced by Juingong meditation, through electroencephalography (EEG) measurements. (2) Methods: The study included 23 participants from the Hanmaum Seon Center in Korea. EEG measurements were performed using InteraXon’s four-channel EEG measurement equipment, Muse. It measures EEG patterns in the temporoparietal and anterior frontal lobes. Brainwaves were measured in two different states: when Juingong meditation was practiced and when instructed mind wandering (IMW) was practiced. The EEG recordings were analyzed using the theta/alpha index. (3) Results: In the Juingong meditation state, the power of alpha was relatively higher than that of theta and these results were valid in the temporal parietal lobe channel. This indicates that relatively more alpha waves were induced in the temporal parietal lobe when Juingong meditation was practiced. (4) Conclusions: When Juingong meditation is practiced, the theta/alpha ratio changes without delay, which means that the practical effect of Juingong meditation on brainwave patterns is immediately apparent.
Developing an Evidence-Based Nursing Culture in Nursing Homes: An Action Research Study
Authors: Lovink Marleen H. , Verbeek Frank , Persoon Anke , Huisman-de Waal Getty , Smits Marleen , Laurant Miranda G. H. , van Vught Anneke J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Nursing homes face challenges caused by increasing numbers of older adults with multimorbidity and the demand for quality of care. Developing an evidence-based nursing (EBN) culture is a promising strategy to face these challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an EBN culture in nursing homes and gain insight into the influencing factors. Methods: An action research study was conducted with 12 nursing teams in 4 Dutch nursing homes, using the Practice Development approach to develop an EBN culture. The teams (mostly certified nurse assistants) were coached by internal facilitators (bachelor’s or master’s degree nurses) and external facilitators (nursing teachers). Data were gathered at baseline and after 15 months using questionnaires and individual and focus group interviews. Results: With varying degrees, most nursing teams implemented elements (related to values, attitudes, and behaviors) of an EBN culture with appropriate leadership, advocacy, and training. The team members became open to new insights and asked critical questions. During the project, participants learned how EBN could be incorporated into daily practice, for example, by keeping it small, discussing information from professional journals, and using creative methods such as quizzes. Influencing factors of an EBN culture were: (a) support of managers, (b) inspiring facilitators close to the team, and (c) stable teams with driving forces and student nurses. Conclusions: Integrating EBN into daily practice in creative and motivating ways contributes to the development of an EBN culture in nursing homes. To facilitate this, managers should support teams in the process and content of EBN, and internal facilitators should collaborate with driving forces on the teams.
Method for Cartographic Symbols Creation in Connection with Map Series Digitization
Authors: Bartoněk Dalibor , Andělová Pavla
Published: February 2022

The article addresses the issue of the unification of cartographic symbols in terms of graphics (visual) and interpretation in an international context. The motivation is the ongoing digitization of processes in the conditions of Industry 4.0, especially Construction 4.0, where geodesy and cartography have their irreplaceable share. The aim was both to design uniform cartographic symbols for the description of geographical objects on the map and to design a general method for the description of unified cartographic symbols so that it is independent of specific applications. The authors compared the symbols used in the map works of the Czech Republic and neighboring countries that are members of the EU and proposed a formal description of the graphics properties of the symbols, which is based on a general mathematical model. The description takes the form of a text string, and a Python algorithm was built to render the symbol and implemented in the QGIS environment. The article also presents a comparison of some cartographic symbols used in the Czech Republic and in selected EU countries and a proposal for their unification. The motivation is the effort to unify the cartographic language within the EU. The problem is in accordance with the INSPIRE directive (seamless map of Europe) at the international level and with the Digital Czechia 2018+ strategy at the national level.
Improving Natural Enemy Selection in Biological Control through Greater Attention to Chemical Ecology and Host-Associated Differentiation of Target Arthropod Pests
Authors: Thompson Morgan N. , Medina Raul F. , Helms Anjel M. , Bernal Julio S.
Published: February 2022

Host-associated differentiation (HAD) refers to cases in which genetically distinct populations of a species (e.g., herbivores or natural enemies) preferentially reproduce or feed on different host species. In agroecosystems, HAD often results in unique strains or biotypes of pest species, each attacking different species of crops. However, HAD is not restricted to pest populations, and may cascade to the third trophic level, affecting host selection by natural enemies, and ultimately leading to HAD within natural enemy species. Natural enemy HAD may affect the outcomes of biological control efforts, whether classical, conservation, or augmentative. Here, we explore the potential effects of pest and natural enemy HAD on biological control in agroecosystems, with emphases on current knowledge gaps and implications of HAD for selection of biological control agents. Additionally, given the importance of semiochemicals in mediating interactions between trophic levels, we emphasize the role of chemical ecology in interactions between pests and natural enemies, and suggest areas of consideration for biological control. Overall, we aim to jump-start a conversation concerning the relevance of HAD in biological control by reviewing currently available information on natural enemy HAD, identifying challenges to incorporating HAD considerations into biological control efforts, and proposing future research directions on natural enemy selection and HAD.
Plant-Based Bioinsecticides for Mosquito Control: Impact on Insecticide Resistance and Disease Transmission
Authors: Şengül Demirak Meryem Ş. , Canpolat Emel
Published: February 2022

The use of synthetic insecticides has been a solution to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission for decades. Currently, no single intervention is sufficient to reduce the global disease burden caused by mosquitoes. Problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have increased substantially which makes mosquito-borne disease elimination and prevention more difficult over the years. Thus, it is crucial that much safer and effective mosquito control strategies are developed. Natural compounds from plants have been efficiently used to fight insect pests for a long time. Plant-based bioinsecticides are now considered a much safer and less toxic alternative to synthetic compounds. Here, we discuss candidate plant-based compounds that show larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. Our discussion also includes their mode of action and potential impact in mosquito disease transmission and circumvention of resistance. This review improves our knowledge on plant-based bioinsecticides and the potential for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
A Comparison of Post-Operative Occlusion with 3-D vs. 2-D Miniplate Fixation in the Management of Isolated Mandibular Angle Fractures
Authors: Mujtaba Anosha , Malik Namrah Rafiq , Umer Muhammad Farooq , Mujtaba Hasan , Zofeen Shumaila , Rana Zahoor Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Mandibular angle fractures (MAFs) are treated in a variety of ways; however, the standard therapy is still up for debate. Despite the fact that many studies have generated evidence for the appropriate biomechanical stability of 3-D miniplates, there is an insufficient amount of data on the treatment of mandibular angle fractures with these plates. A comparative study was conducted at The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 52 patients each. Patients in group A were treated with 3-D miniplate placement on the lateral cortex following the principle of 3-D fixation proposed by Farmand and Dupoirieux, whereas patients included in group B were treated using 2-D conventional miniplate, placed according to Champy’s line of ideal osteosynthesis. A single surgical team performed the procedure. On the first and seventh post-operative days, the first month, and then the third month after surgery, regular evaluations were conducted. Assessment regarding Post Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) occlusion was performed with the help of measuring tools. On the first day post-operative follow-up, 41 (78.8%) patients in group A and 31 (59.6%) patients in group B had satisfactory occlusion. The seventh day post-operative follow-up showed that 43 (82.7%) patients in group A and 41 (78.8%) patients in group B had satisfactory occlusion (p > 0.05). In both treatment groups, the first and third month follow-up evaluations revealed optimal occlusion. In comparison to conventional 2-D miniplate, the 3-D miniplate system produced better results and can be recommended as a better option for the management of mandibular angle fractures.
The Pathophysiology of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis: Getting Deeper into Virchow’s Triad
Authors: Anton Aina , Campreciós Genís , Pérez-Campuzano Valeria , Orts Lara , García-Pagán Joan Carles , Hernández-Gea Virginia
Published: February 2022

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication among patients with cirrhosis. However, its pathophysiology is not well established and there are currently very few predictive factors, none of which are actually useful, from a clinical perspective. The contribution of each of the vertices of Virchow’s triad, e.g., blood hypercoagulability, blood flow, and portal vein endothelial damage in the development of PVT is not clear. In this review, we aim to recapitulate the latest studies on the field of PVT development in order to understand its mechanisms and discuss some of the future directions in the study of this important complication of cirrhosis.
Treatment of Salivary Gland Diseases: Established Knowledge, Current Challenges and New Insights
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos
Published: February 2022

In the last two decades, a change in paradigm has taken place in the management of salivary gland diseases [...]
Fetal Tachyarrhythmia Management from Digoxin to Amiodarone—A Review
Authors: Gozar Liliana , Gabor-Miklosi Dorottya , Toganel Rodica , Fagarasan Amalia , Gozar Horea , Toma Daniela , Cerghit-Paler Andreea
Published: February 2022

Sustained fetal tachycardias are rare but represent a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Consensus has yet to be found regarding their optimal management. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the data available in the current literature regarding the efficacy and safety of medications used in the management of intrauterine tachyarrhythmias and to provide possible treatment protocols. In this review, we would like to emphasize the importance of a thorough evaluation of both the fetus and the mother, prior to transplacental antiarrhythmic drug initiation. Factors such as the hemodynamic status of the fetus, possible mechanisms of fetal arrhythmia, and concomitant maternal conditions are of primordial importance. As a possible treatment protocol, we would like to recommend the following: due to the risk of sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), fetuses with frequent premature atrial beats should be evaluated more frequently by echocardiography. A careful hemodynamic evaluation of a fetus with tachycardia is primordial in forestalling the appearance of hydrops. In the case of atrial flutter (AFL), sotalol therapy could represent a first choice, whereas when dealing with SVT patients, flecainide should be considered, especially for hydropic patients. These data require consolidation through larger scale, non-randomized studies and should be handled with caution.
Robust Image Reconstruction Strategy for Multiscalar Holotomography
Authors: Ullherr Maximilian , Diez Matthias , Zabler Simon
Published: February 2022

Holotomography is an extension of computed tomography where samples with low X-ray absorption can be investigated with higher contrast. In order to achieve this, the imaging system must yield an optical resolution of a few micrometers or less, which reduces the measurement area (field of view = FOV) to a few mm at most. If the sample size, however, exceeds the field of view (called local tomography or region of interest = ROI CT), filter problems arise during the CT reconstruction and phase retrieval in holotomography. In this paper, we will first investigate the practical impact of these filter problems and discuss approximate solutions. Secondly, we will investigate the effectiveness of a technique we call “multiscalar holotomography”, where, in addition to the ROI CT, a lower resolution non-ROI CT measurement is recorded. This is used to avoid the filter problems while simultaneously reconstructing a larger part of the sample, albeit with a lower resolution in the additional area.
Implementing Pre-Therapeutic UGT1A1 Genotyping in Clinical Practice: A Real-Life Study
Authors: Personeni Nicola , Giordano Laura , Michelini Angelica , D’Alessio Antonio , Cammarota Antonella , Bozzarelli Silvia , Pressiani Tiziana , Prete Maria Giuseppina , Sandri Maria Teresa , Stioui Sabine , Germagnoli Luca , Santoro Armando , Rimassa Lorenza , Mineri Rossana
Published: February 2022

Current guidelines recommend pre-therapeutic UGT1A1 genotyping to guide irinotecan dosing, but the usefulness of this approach remains to be clarified. In 247 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers undergoing irinotecan-based chemotherapy, we prospectively performed UGT1A1*28 genotyping and we analyzed the incidence of severe neutropenia according to genotype-guided dose reductions. Overall, 28 (11.3%) and 92 (37.2%) patients were homozygous or heterozygous UGT1A1*28 carriers, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia was reported in 39% of homozygous patients receiving an upfront dose reduction of irinotecan (median 40%, range 22–58%), in 20% of heterozygous or wild-type patients receiving full dose (ORvs*28/*28 genotype = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.14–1.03; p = 0.058), and in 15.3% of those receiving a reduced dose for clinical reasons (OR vs*28/*28 genotype = 0.28, 95% IC: 0.12–0.67; p = 0.004). Occurrence of severe neutropenia was inversely associated with dose reduction in UGT1A1*28 homozygous carriers (ORx10 unit = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.27–1.40, p = 0.249) and UGT1A1 heterozygous or wild-type patients (ORx10 unit = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.59–1.28, p = 0.478). Incidence of severe neutropenia was related to irinotecan doses and UGT1A1 polymorphisms. Upfront irinotecan dose reductions do not reduce the burden of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia in UGT1A1*28 homozygous carriers.
Sovereign Exposures of European Banks: It Is Not All Doom
Authors: Lamers Martien , Present Thomas , Vander Vennet Rudi
Published: February 2022

We investigate whether sovereign bond holdings of European banks are determined by a risk–return trade-off. Using data between 2011 and 2018 for 75 European banks, we confirm that banks exhibited risk-taking behavior during the sovereign debt crisis, e.g., due to moral suasion. In the period 2015–2018, however, banks’ investments in sovereign bonds are characterized by sound risk–return considerations, suggesting a lessening of the doom loop. This result is mainly driven by banks in the core European countries, as banks in the GIPS countries do not exhibit such behavior, nor do they avoid riskier bonds following the sovereign debt crisis.
Urban Network Spatial Connection and Structure in China Based on Railway Passenger Flow Big Data
Authors: Li Minmin , Guo Wenhua , Guo Renzhong , He Biao , Li Zhichao , Li Xiaoming , Liu Wenchao , Fan Yong
Published: February 2022

China’s transportation industry has made great achievements in the past 40 years of reform and opening up. At the same time, it has gradually accumulated a series of problems. These problems have led to closer and more complex social and economic connection within and between regions of different scales. The existing research only carries out the characteristic analysis of urban network spatial connection and pattern from a single perspective such as “flow space” theory, spatial interaction model and accessibility method, and fails to accurately describe the complex socio-economic relations between regions. Based on the big data of railway passenger flow, this study selected weighted average travel time, railway network density, and the economic connection model to express the urban network spatial connection and structure of China in 2016 from the perspectives of time, space, and interaction. In 2016, the accessibility, connectivity, and total urban external economic connection of the railway network showed a trend of declining from the east to the west. The top 50 cities ranked by interurban economic connection were all located in the central and eastern regions and showed “diamond shape” distribution characteristics. The four diamond-shaped pairs were Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Chengyu urban agglomerations. This shape was basically in line with the T-shaped space that has existed for a long time in China’s regional development. The accessibility, connectivity, and total external economic connection of national-level urban agglomerations were greater than those of regional-level urban agglomerations, and far greater than those of local-level urban agglomerations. The results showed that there was a mismatch between the layout of the railway network and the population. It will still be necessary to focus on strengthening the construction of transportation infrastructure in urban agglomerations and densely populated areas in the future. This study enriches the “flow space” theory, more fully describes urban network spatial connection and structure in China by considering the three perspectives of time, space, and interaction, and can provides reasonable suggestions for the development of national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning, regional spatial structure optimization, and sustainable development.
Landscape of Immunotherapy Options for Colorectal Cancer: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives beyond Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Gorzo Alecsandra , Galos Diana , Volovat Simona Ruxandra , Lungulescu Cristian Virgil , Burz Claudia , Sur Daniel
Published: February 2022

Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy in Western countries and a major cause of death despite recent improvements in screening programs and early detection methods. In the last decade, a growing effort has been put into better understanding how the immune system interacts with cancer cells. Even if treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA4) were proven effective for several cancer types, the benefit for colorectal cancer patients is still limited. However, a subset of patients with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer has been observed to have a prolonged benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitors. As a result, pembrolizumab and nivolumab +/− ipilimumab recently obtained the Food and Drug Administration approval. This review aims to highlight the body of knowledge on immunotherapy in the colorectal cancer setting, discussing the potential mechanisms of resistance and future strategies to extend its use.
Enterocutaneous Fistula: Open Repair after Unsuccessful Stenting—A Case Report
Authors: Mosenko Valerija , Jurevičius Saulius , Šileikis Audrius
Published: February 2022

Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is an abnormal connection between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin; by some estimates, it represents 88.2% of all fistulae. It can either develop spontaneously due to underlying malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, radiation exposure, or, more commonly, as a complication of gastrointestinal surgery. A 75-year-old woman was treated for a small bowel enterocutaneous fistula that developed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a HANAROSTENT self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) to cover the fistula. Seven months later, the patient was discharged. For the following 2 years, the patient refused the reconstructive surgery until stent obstruction occurred. After optimizing the patient’s nutritional status, laparotomy and small bowel resection were performed successfully. The use of SEMS in fistulas of the lower gastrointestinal tract is a heavily debated and fairly under-researched topic, especially in the context of enterocutaneous fistulas. No international guidelines officially recommend using SEMS in the small bowel ECF.
From Free Binding Energy Calculations of SARS-CoV-2—Receptor Interactions to Cellular Immune Responses
Authors: Glocker Michael O. , Opuni Kwabena F. M. , Thiesen Hans-Juergen
Published: February 2022

Our study focuses on free energy calculations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding motives (RBMs) from wild type and variants of concern (VOCs), with emphasis on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Our computational analysis underlines the occurrence of positive selection processes that specify Omicron host adaption and bring changes on the molecular level into context with clinically relevant observations. Our free energy calculation studies regarding the interaction of Omicron’s RBM with human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) indicate weaker binding to the receptor than Alpha’s or Delta’s RBMs. Upon weaker binding, fewer viruses are predicted to be generated in time per infected cell, resulting in a delayed induction of danger signals as a trade-off. Along with delayed immunogenicity and pathogenicity, more viruses may be produced in the upper respiratory tract, explaining enhanced transmissibility. Since in interdependence on the human leukocyte antigen type (HLA type), more SARS-CoV-2 Omicron viruses are assumed to be required to initiate inflammatory immune responses, and because of pre-existing partial immunity through previous infections and/or vaccinations, which mostly guard the lower respiratory tract, overall disease severity is expected to be reduced.
To Resurface or Not to Resurface the Patella in Total Knee Arthroplasty, That Is the Question: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Delgado-González Alberto , Morales-Viaji Juan José , Arteaga-Hernández Jose Gregorio , Larrosa-Arranz Ángela , Criado-Albillos Guillerno , Martin-Rodríguez Adoración del Pilar , Jahouh Maha , González-Santos Josefa , Mendieta Díaz Leticia , Collazo Riobo Carla , Calvo Simal Sara , González-Bernal Jerónimo Javier
Published: February 2022

Background and Objetives: Currently, total knee arthroplasty is one of the most common surgeries, increasing with the increase in life expectancy. Whether or not to replace the patella has been a subject of debate over the years, remaining in controversy and without reaching a consensus. Over the years, different meta-analyses have been carried out in order to provide evidence on the subject, although, in recent times, there have not been many new studies in this regard. Therefore, it is considered necessary that the latest works form part of a new meta-analysis. Materials and Method: We searched the literature using PUBMED, SCOPUS, the Cochrane database and VHL from 2010 to 2020. The search terms used were “patellar” AND “resurfacing” OR “Replacement” and “no resurfacing” OR “no replacement”. A meta-analysis was performed with Stata software (Stata version 15.1). Forest plots were generated to illustrate the overall effect of knee arthroplasty interventions. Results: As a result, it was obtained that there is a significantly higher risk of suffering AKP in the non-resurfacing group, in addition to a significant increase in the risk of undergoing a reoperation in the non-resurfacing group. On the other hand, significant differences were obtained in favor of the resurfacing group in both the clinical and Feller KSS, with functional KSS being inconclusive. After analyzing different variables throughout the literature, it does seem clear that the non-resurfacing group may present a higher risk of reoperation than the resurfacing group. Conclusions: For all these reasons, we think that, although it does seem that not replacing the patella can precipitate a reoperation, it is not clear whether this reoperation is a direct consequence of not having replaced the patella. Therefore, in our opinion, the treatment must be individualized for each patient.
Potential Application of Lung Ultrasound in Children with Severe Uncontrolled Asthma: Preliminary Hypothesis Based on a Case Series
Authors: De Rose Cristina , Miceli Sopo Stefano , Valentini Piero , Morello Rosa , Biasucci Daniele , Buonsenso Danilo
Published: February 2022

In recent years, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been increasingly used for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases in both adult and pediatric patients. However, asthma is a field in which the use of LUS is not yet well defined, or is in development. In the following case series, we describe clinical, laboratory, and radiological results, as well as detailed lung ultrasound findings of six children with asthma: some of them with acute asthma attack and with inadequately controlled allergic asthma or childhood asthma; others with acute asthma and allergic or infantile asthma adequately controlled by preventive therapy. Finally, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters of a child with severe allergic asthma in the absence of exacerbation. In these cases, albeit at different times, LUS played an important role in both the initial diagnostic process and follow-up. It also showed different ultrasound features depending on the severity of the individual asthma based on the type of asthmatic phenotype and control of it.
Zeolite Membrane: From Microstructure to Separation Performance
Authors: Kyotani Tomohiro , Richter Hannes
Published: February 2022

Zeolite membrane have been investigated all over the world as an attractive tool in the development of separation processes for both liquid and gaseous components [...]
Artificial Kidney Engineering: The Development of Dialysis Membranes for Blood Purification
Authors: Tang Yu-Shuo , Tsai Yu-Cheng , Chen Tzen-Wen , Li Szu-Yuan
Published: February 2022

The artificial kidney, one of the greatest medical inventions in the 20th century, has saved innumerable lives with end stage renal disease. Designs of artificial kidney evolved dramatically in decades of development. A hollow-fibered membrane with well controlled blood and dialysate flow became the major design of the modern artificial kidney. Although they have been well established to prolong patients’ lives, the modern blood purification system is still imperfect. Patient’s quality of life, complications, and lack of metabolic functions are shortcomings of current blood purification treatment. The direction of future artificial kidneys is toward miniaturization, better biocompatibility, and providing metabolic functions. Studies and trials of silicon nanopore membranes, tissue engineering for renal cell bioreactors, and dialysate regeneration are all under development to overcome the shortcomings of current artificial kidneys. With all these advancements, wearable or implantable artificial kidneys will be achievable.
Design of Membrane Active Peptides Considering Multi-Objective Optimization for Biomedical Application
Authors: Röckendorf Niels , Nehls Christian , Gutsmann Thomas
Published: February 2022

A multitude of membrane active peptides exists that divides into subclasses, such as cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) capable to enter eukaryotic cells or antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) able to interact with prokaryotic cell envelops. Peptide membrane interactions arise from unique sequence motifs of the peptides that account for particular physicochemical properties. Membrane active peptides are mainly cationic, often primary or secondary amphipathic, and they interact with membranes depending on the composition of the bilayer lipids. Sequences of these peptides consist of short 5–30 amino acid sections derived from natural proteins or synthetic sources. Membrane active peptides can be designed using computational methods or can be identified in screenings of combinatorial libraries. This review focuses on strategies that were successfully applied to the design and optimization of membrane active peptides with respect to the fact that diverse features of successful peptide candidates are prerequisites for biomedical application. Not only membrane activity but also degradation stability in biological environments, propensity to induce resistances, and advantageous toxicological properties are crucial parameters that have to be considered in attempts to design useful membrane active peptides. Reliable assay systems to access the different biological characteristics of numerous membrane active peptides are essential tools for multi-objective peptide optimization.
Interaction of Proteins with Biomembranes
Authors: Senju Yosuke , Suetsugu Shiro
Published: February 2022

Many proteins interact with cell and subcellular membranes [...]
The Effect of Shot Blasting Process on Mechanical Properties and Anti-Corrosive Behavior of Steel Reinforcement
Authors: Basdeki Maria , Apostolopoulos Charis
Published: February 2022

The need to confront the problem of corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement is an issue of major importance and a perpetual challenge to the structural integrity and reliability in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The current experimental study presents the results of the combined effect of shot blasting and coating on steel reinforcing bars in respect to their anticorrosive resistance and their mechanical behavior, at various times of exposure to corrosive environment. In the present manuscript, a comparison of different abrasive materials was primarily conducted, via electrochemical measurements (Tafel tests), to estimate the corrosion current (icorr) for each abrasive material. After the indication that corrosion resistance can be modified by shot blasting with corundum, the method of Zn85Al15 coating was chosen to further investigate the combined effect of shot blasting with coating, in terms of percentage mass loss and mechanical behavior of steel reinforcement. The results demonstrated that, upon the completion of the surface treatment process with corundum, the mechanical performance of steel bars was improved in terms of ductility. Moreover, the Zn85Al15 coating provided a satisfactory anticorrosive protection to steel bars in the entire exposure period of accelerated corrosion. The combined contribution of shot blasting and coating processes was deemed to be very encouraging and may trigger further investigation and research, for the production of a better corrosion resistance of B500c steel.
Novel Insights and Future Perspective in Iron Metabolism and Anemia
Authors: Andolfo Immacolata , Russo Roberta
Published: February 2022

Iron is an essential element for nearly all living organisms [...]
Stiffness Analysis of Parallel Cable-Driven Upper Limb Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Zou Yupeng , Wu Xiangshu , Zhang Baolong , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Andong , Qin Tao
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the stiffness of the parallel cable-driven upper limb rehabilitation robot (PCUR). Firstly, it was derived that the static stiffness expression of the PCUR was composed of platform pose stiffness KT and cable pose stiffness KS. It indicated that the static stiffness of the PCUR was related to the cable tension, the arrangement of the cable, and the cable stiffness. Secondly, a simulation model in MATLAB/Simscape Multibody was built. Cable tension was applied to make the moving platform in a static equilibrium state. The stiffness of the PCUR and the external force on the moving platform were changed, and the motion characteristics of the moving platform were obtained. Finally, the position changes of the moving platform under different external forces were analyzed, and the motion laws of the moving platform under different stiffnesses were summarized.
Wearable Multi-Functional Sensing Technology for Healthcare Smart Detection
Authors: Zeng Xu , Deng Hai-Tao , Wen Dan-Liang , Li Yao-Yao , Xu Li , Zhang Xiao-Sheng
Published: February 2022

In recent years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of wearable multi-functional sensing technology to fulfill the requirements of healthcare smart detection, and much progress has been achieved. Due to the appealing characteristics of flexibility, stretchability and long-term stability, the sensors have been used in a wide range of applications, such as respiration monitoring, pulse wave detection, gait pattern analysis, etc. Wearable sensors based on single mechanisms are usually capable of sensing only one physiological or motion signal. In order to measure, record and analyze comprehensive physical conditions, it is indispensable to explore the wearable sensors based on hybrid mechanisms and realize the integration of multiple smart functions. Herein, we have summarized various working mechanisms (resistive, capacitive, triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermo-electric, pyroelectric) and hybrid mechanisms that are incorporated into wearable sensors. More importantly, to make wearable sensors work persistently, it is meaningful to combine flexible power units and wearable sensors and form a self-powered system. This article also emphasizes the utility of self-powered wearable sensors from the perspective of mechanisms, and gives applications. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging materials and structures that are applied to achieve high sensitivity. In the end, we present perspectives on the outlooks of wearable multi-functional sensing technology.
Quantification of Visual Texture and Presentation of Intermediate Visual Texture by Spatial Mixing
Authors: Yoshimizu Yuta , Yasuga Hiroki , Iwase Eiji
Published: February 2022

We proposed a method to display an intermediate visual texture by spatial mixing. In addition to color information, the visual texture is an important element that characterizes the nature of an object’s surface. While the system to display various color information has well matured in engineering, there is no method to reproduce visual textures in ambient light. In our method, the matte and glossy surfaces are used as “primary visual textures”, and an intermediate visual texture is displayed by spatially mixing the primary visual textures. In this paper, we first quantified the visual texture of an object’s surface based on measured intensities of scattered and reflected lights. Next, based on the quantification, we evaluated spatially mixed surfaces consisting of two primary visual textures, an acrylic plate and a holed sheet of drawing paper, by changing the area proportion of the two primary visual textures. Finally, a sensory evaluation showed significant differences between each intermediate visual texture, and the results corresponded to a trend in the optical evaluation. This study illustrates that visual textures could be quantified based on the intensity of scattered and reflected light and reveals the applicability of our method to the display for intermediate visual texture.
Chickpea Roots Undergoing Colonisation by Phytophthora medicaginis Exhibit Opposing Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Accumulation and Signalling Profiles to Leaf Hemibiotrophic Models
Authors: Coles Donovin W. , Bithell Sean L. , Mikhael Meena , Cuddy William S. , Plett Jonathan M.
Published: February 2022

Hemibiotrophic pathogens cause significant losses within agriculture, threatening the sustainability of food systems globally. These microbes colonise plant tissues in three phases: a biotrophic phase followed by a biotrophic-to-necrotrophic switch phase and ending with necrotrophy. Each of these phases is characterized by both common and discrete host transcriptional responses. Plant hormones play an important role in these phases, with foliar models showing that salicylic acid accumulates during the biotrophic phase and jasmonic acid/ethylene responses occur during the necrotrophic phase. The appropriateness of this model to plant roots has been challenged in recent years. The need to understand root responses to hemibiotrophic pathogens of agronomic importance necessitates further research. In this study, using the root hemibiotroph Phytophthora medicaginis, we define the duration of each phase of pathogenesis in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) roots. Using transcriptional profiling, we demonstrate that susceptible chickpea roots display some similarities in response to disease progression as previously documented in leaf plant–pathogen hemibiotrophic interactions. However, our transcriptomic results also show that chickpea roots do not conform to the phytohormone responses typically found in leaf colonisation by hemibiotrophs. We found that quantified levels of salicylic acid concentrations in root tissues decreased significantly during biotrophy while jasmonic acid concentrations were significantly induced. This study demonstrated that a wider spectrum of plant species should be investigated in the future to understand the physiological changes in plants during colonisation by soil-borne hemibiotrophic pathogens before we can better manage these economically important microbes.
Ocular Surface Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients Admitted to Sub-Intensive Unit: Preliminary Results
Authors: Troisi Mario , Zannella Carla , Troisi Salvatore , De Bernardo Maddalena , Galdiero Massimiliano , Franci Gianluigi , Rosa Nicola
Published: February 2022

The aim of the present study is to check the relationship between virus detection on the conjunctival swabs by RT-PCR and the systemic and ocular clinical data, treatments, and to the modalities of administration of supplemental oxygen. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA reverse-transcriptase PCR assay of conjunctival brushing samples and the corneal/conjunctival clinical findings were evaluated in 18 eyes of 9 consecutive patients admitted to the COVID-19 Sub-intensive Unit of Salerno Hospital University, Italy. Conjunctival swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 13 eyes of 7 patients; corneal epithelial defects were detected in 9 eyes. The seven patients with ocular involvement from SARS-CoV-2 had undergone treatment with a full-face mask or oxygen helmet in the last week, while the two subjects with negative conjunctival swabs had been treated with high flow nasal cannula. The positivity to the conjunctival test for SARS-CoV-2 was higher (72%) than that reported in the literature (10–15%) and related in all cases to the use of facial respiratory devices. These results suggest that exposure of unprotected eyes to aerosols containing high concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 could cause a keratoconjunctival viral infection. Further studies are needed to verify the causal link with the use of respiratory facial devices in patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia.
The Effects of Acyl Chain Length on Antioxidant Efficacy of Mono- and Multi-Acylated Resveratrol: A Comparative Assessment
Authors: Peng Han , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: February 2022

Acylated derivatives of the dietary phenolic, resveratrol, were prepared via enzymatic and chemical transesterification modification with selected vinyl fatty acids to expand the potential application of resveratrol and its acylated derivatives in functional supplement, cosmetic/skincare, and pharmaceutical fields. The acylation was implemented using eight vinyl fatty acids with varying chain lengths (C2:0-C18:0). Eight monoesters enzymatically prepared, eight diesters and four triesters, chemically prepared, were isolated and purified and identified via MS (mass spectra) or/and NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). The lipophilicity of resveratrol and its acylated derivatives was calculated using ALOGPS 2.1. Compared with related acylated products, resveratrol itself rendered higher antioxidant efficacy in all the antioxidant assays, namely DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ferrous chelation tests. Within various ester derivatives of resveratrol, short-chain fatty acid mono- and di-substituted resveratrols, especially the resveratrol monoacetate/diacetate, exhibited higher antioxidant efficacy in DPPH and ABTS assays than the rest of resveratrol derivatives, but the medium-chain monoesters of resveratrol, including caproate, caprylate, caprate, and laurate, showed a higher metal ion chelation ability compared to other acylated resveratrols. These results imply that resveratrol derivatives may be used in lipidic media as health-beneficial antioxidants.
Developing Novel Fabrication and Optimisation Strategies on Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoprobe/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Bio-Applications
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Shrestha Jesus , Bazaz Sajad R. , Rad Maryam A. , Warkiani Majid E. , Raston Colin L. , Tipper Joanne L. , Tang Youhong
Published: February 2022

The current study describes a new technology, effective for readily preparing a fluorescent (FL) nanoprobe-based on hyperbranched polymer (HB) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogen with high brightness to ultimately develop FL hydrogels. We prepared the AIE nanoprobe using a microfluidic platform to mix hyperbranched polymers (HB, generations 2, 3, and 4) with AIE (TPE-2BA) under shear stress and different rotation speeds (0–5 K RPM) and explored the FL properties of the AIE nanoprobe. Our results reveal that the use of HB generation 4 exhibits 30-times higher FL intensity compared to the AIE alone and is significantly brighter and more stable compared to those that are prepared using HB generations 3 and 2. In contrast to traditional methods, which are expensive and time-consuming and involve polymerization and post-functionalization to develop FL hyperbranched molecules, our proposed method offers a one-step method to prepare an AIE-HB nanoprobe with excellent FL characteristics. We employed the nanoprobe to fabricate fluorescent injectable bioadhesive gel and a hydrogel microchip based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The addition of borax (50 mM) to the PVA + AIE nanoprobe results in the development of an injectable bioadhesive fluorescent gel with the ability to control AIEgen release for 300 min. When borax concentration increases two times (100 mM), the adhesion stress is more than two times bigger (7.1 mN/mm2) compared to that of gel alone (3.4 mN/mm2). Excellent dimensional stability and cell viability of the fluorescent microchip, along with its enhanced mechanical properties, proposes its potential applications in mechanobiology and understanding the impact of microstructure in cell studies.