bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Lymph Node Microenvironment on Naive T cell Aging
Authors: Gustafson Claire E , Liu Jie Yu , Colville Alex J , Cao Wenqiang , Zhang Huimin , Weyand Cornelia M , Goronzy Jorg J
Published: February 2023

Although the loss of naive CD8 T cells is a hallmark of immune aging, naïve CD4 T cells appear to be more resilient, demonstrating less numerical loss and fewer transcriptional and epigenetics changes with age. That said, naïve CD4 T cells still display altered antigen-specific responses and subset polarization with age, implying that although numerically robust, the composition of the naïve CD4 T cell population may differ with age. Thus, we examined the compositional heterogeneity of naïve CD4 T cell compartment using mass cytometry during human aging. We found that a unique CD45RAhigh population was lost with age, converting to a CD45RA+/low population in older individuals. In young adults, CD45RAhigh naïve T cells were found highly enriched in the lymph nodes (LN). To determine the role of the LN microenvironment in the maintenance of CD45RAhigh population, we developed bioengineered human LN-like organoids that actively maintained this cell type, requiring both fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) and a 3D structure. Notably, within these LN-like organoids, CD45RA+/low naïve CD4 T cells from older individuals were able to convert back to a CD45RAhigh phenotype, implying cell extrinsic influences mediate naïve T cell aging. However, neither aging nor cellular senescence of FRCs caused the conversion of naive T cells to an aged CD45RA+/low phenotype. Together, these data suggest that naïve T cell aging is not directly mediated by intrinsic age-related defects in stromal FRCs but instead may be linked with structural changes within the LN microenvironment of older individuals.
Unbiased Identification of Novel Plasma Cell Markers Across Mouse and Man
Authors: Rothrauff Abigail E , Liu Ailing , Borghesi Lisa A
Published: February 2023

Naïve B cells differentiate into short-term and long-lived plasma cells (PCs) following pathogen exposure, contributing to the overall humoral immune response. However, an extensive comparison of murine and human antibody secreting cells (ASCs) that integrates surface phenotype and intracellular function is lacking. Mapping B cell lineage populations across diverse tissues in mouse and man is important for vaccine efficacy and clinical immuno-monitoring. In this study, we interrogated relatively unattainable tissues from normal donors such as BM, LN, and gut through LEGENDScreen and exploited an unbiased algorithmic pipeline to visualize broader population structure. We found similarities across species with potential novelty in PC surface markers including CD134/OX40, CD172/Sirpa, CD180/RP105, CD28, CD88/C5aR, CD79b/IgBeta, CD162/PSGL1, CD74/CLIP, CD7, CD360/IL-21R, and CD220/Insr. Expression of these markers are being validated through conventional flow cytometry and scRNA-sequencing, and we are assessing functionality of novel PC subsets in vivo and in vitro. Exposing the distribution of PC subsets and functional diversity in different tissue sites across human and murine models will help validate survival pathways, and provide new insights on the subsets that support long-lived humoral immune responses throughout the body.
Ets1 governs the differential formation of circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells
Authors: Tsuda Shanel M , Diao Huitian , Getzler Adam , Milner Justin , Goldrath Ananda W , Crotty Shane , Pipkin Matthew E.
Published: February 2023

During infections, naive CD8 T cells differentiate into terminal effector cells (TE) and long-lived memory CD8 T cells that recirculate through lymphoid organs using the vasculature (TCIRC), and tissue resident memory (TRM) cells that do not recirculate. The transcriptional control that delineates differentiation of TE cells from memory cell subsets is still unclear. DNA motifs recognized by ETS-family transcription factors (TFs) are highly frequent in cis-regulatory regions that become chromatin accessible in naïve CD8 T cells 24 hours after TCR stimulation, and in mature memory T cell subsets. The ETS-family is encoded by 27 genes, and expression analyses revealed Ets1 is the most highly expressed member. Ets1 is transiently downregulated during activation and is re-expressed in TCIRC cells, but remains lower in intestinal TRM cells. P14 CD8 T cells responding to acute LCMV infection that were depleted of Ets1 using retrovirally-delivered shRNAmirs preferentially became KLRG1hi CD127lo TE-like cells, and their numbers in the circulation rapidly declined, resulting in an absence of long-lived effector cells and residual numbers of central memory-like cells. Concomitantly, Ets1-depleted cells re-distributed into the gut TRM compartment and had increased fractions of CD69hi CD103hi cells. Early after infection in the spleen, a larger fraction of Ets1-depleted P14 cells express CCR9 and α4β7. Depletion or overexpression of Ets1 in P14 cells both indicate it negatively regulates CD25 and Prdm1 expression, and promotes Tcf7 and Bcl6 expression. These results suggest that Ets1 functions early during CD8 T cell activation to establish the normal pattern of TCIRC and TRM cell differentiation during acute viral infection.
Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites
Authors: Guo Hao , Chou Wei-Chun , Lai Yunjia , Liang Kaixin , Tam Jason , Brickey W. June , Chen Liang , Montgomery Nathan D. , Li Xin , Bohannon Lauren M. , Sung Anthony D. , Chao Nelson J. , Peled Jonathan U. , Gomes Antonio L.C. , van den Brink Marcel R.M. , French Matthew J. , Macintyre Andrew N. , Sempowski Gregory D. , Tan Xianming , Sartor R. Balfour , Lu Kun , Ting Jenny P.Y.
Published: February 2023

Ionizing-radiation causes acute radiation syndrome leading to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal and cerebrovascular injuries. Substantial federal efforts have been made to develop therapeutic radioprotectants for routine clinical use, however it remains a long-standing and unresolved problem.

We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal lifespans. These elite-survivors harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed post-radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae were associated with post-radiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. Metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The concentrations of these metabolites correlated with long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in pro-inflammatory responses.

The novelty of our work lies in the first identification of gut microbiota and downstream metabolites in providing protection against lethal radiation. Furthermore, our work provides a comprehensive omics dataset at the bacteria and metabolite levels that is of broad interest and serves as a powerful resource and example for the identification of actionable therapeutic targets derived from microbiome studies.
Effective clearance of Chlamydia from the female reproductive tract in the absence of T-bet+ Th1 cells
Authors: Rixon Jordan , McSorley Stephen J
Published: February 2023

Protective immune responses to Chlamydia infection within the female reproductive tract (FRT) are incompletely understood. MHC class II-restricted CD4 Th1 responses are thought to be vital for bacterial clearance, due to their capacity to secrete IFN-γ, but Th1 responses as defined by the master transcription factor T-bet had not yet been fully interrogated in primary infection. Here, we investigated T-bet and IFN-γ involvement in primary infection clearance. We found that IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells from the FRT exhibited surprisingly low levels of T-bet throughout primary infection, indicating low involvement of classical T-bet+ Th1 cells. Mice deficient for T-bet either globally or specifically in CD4+ cells both competently cleared infection along wild-type kinetics. T-bet-deficient mice also showed significant skewing towards Th17 responses, indicating potential compensation pathways through alternate Th fates. On the other hand, IFN-γ-, and IFN-γR-deficient mice resolved much of FRT infection, but experienced systemic dissemination and 100% mortality with an average median survival of approximately 4 weeks. Together, this indicates that while IFN-γ is important to protect mice from death, classical T-bet+ Th1 cells are ultimately not required for primary clearance. Studies are underway to examine which alternative CD4 T cell mechanisms contribute to bacterial clearance within the FRT. Supported by grants from NIH (RO1 A1103422, T32 AI060555)
A blend of broadly-reactive and pathogen-selected Vγ4Vγδ1 T cell receptors confer broad bacterial reactivity of resident memory γδ T cells
Authors: Khairallah Camille F , Bettke Julie A , Gorbatsevych Oleksandr , Qiu Zhijuan , Zhang Yue , Cho Kyungjin , Kim Kwang Soon , Chu Timothy H , Imperato Jessica N , Hatano Shinya , Yoshikai Yasanobu , Puddington Lynn , Surh Charles D , Bliska James , Van der Velden Adrianus WM , Sheridan Brian S
Published: February 2023

γδ T cells are pleiotropic sentinels involved in immune defense at barrier tissues. While most γδ T cell subsets are associated with innate-like responses, foodborne Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection elicits a substantial resident memory Vγ4Vδ1 T cell response that appears specific to the priming pathogen despite limited T cell receptor (TCR) diversity. As our understanding of memory γδ T cells remains elusive, memory γδ T cells were examined using heterologous challenge infections coupled with TCRδ sequencing to reveal an unanticipated complexity in this memory compartment. CDR3δ sequence analysis revealed that a subset of non-canonical Vδ1 clones expanded during primary and secondary Lm infection but contracted at memory, consistent with antigen-specific clonal expansion. Additionally, canonical clones comprised most of the response, suggesting that some cells may not be Lm-restricted. Indeed, ex vivo stimulation of Lm-elicited memory γδ T cells with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (STm), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) induced a robust multifunctional response. Furthermore, heterologous STm-induced colitis infection and intraperitoneal Cr infection of Lm-immune mice led to the TCR-dependent recall of memory γδ T cells, demonstrating their broad reactivity in vivo. Interestingly, most of the non-canonical Vγ4Vδ1 T cell clones that expanded in an antigen-specific manner after Lm infection did not respond after STm infection, suggesting some level of specificity. These findings underscore the complex and promiscuous nature of memory γδ T cells and suggest that pathogen-elicited memory γδ T cells are potential targets for broad-spectrum anti-infective vaccines.
Memory-like innate immunity following infection with Pneumocystis murina
Authors: Samet Shelly , Bishop Lisa , Kovacs Joseph
Published: February 2023

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) continues to be a life-threatening infection in HIV-infected patients, renal transplant patients, and other immunocompromised individuals. Dendritic cells are key antigen presenters to CD4+ T cells, which are critical to controlling Pneumocystis infection. b-1,3 glucans are found in the cell wall of the cyst form of Pneumocystis and are a known activator of innate immune cells via the dectin-1 receptor. b-glucans derived from other fungi have been shown to induce an enhanced “memory-like” immune response, termed trained immunity, in innate cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Therefore, we explored if Pneumocystis infection can induce an enhanced innate immune response in mice following exposure via a natural route of infection. We conducted mixing experiments using purified CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells from unexposed C57BL/6 mice and mice that spontaneously cleared infection. We found that CD4+ T cells from naïve mice exhibited a significantly greater proliferation after 5-day cultures when a crude Pneumocystis antigen was presented by CD11c+ dendritic cells from exposed mice compared to unexposed mice. In support of this, CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6 mice that were immunized with Freund’s adjuvant alone exhibited significantly greater proliferation when a crude Pneumocystis antigen was presented by either CD11c+ dendritic cells or CD11b+macrophages from mice immunized with Pneumocystis antigen mixed with Freund’s adjuvant vs. adjuvant alone. These results suggest that Pneumocystis infection stimulates a memory-like innate immune response which may be important in controlling subsequent exposure to Pneumocystis, as well as exposure to other pulmonary pathogens.
Understanding immunological memory in the lung microenvironment during Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Miranda Nadia Esmeralda , Diep Anh L. , Tejeda-Garibay Susana , Hoyer Katrina K.
Published: February 2023

Valley fever is caused by unknowingly inhaling the fungal pathogen Coccidioides. Coccidioides grows in the soil as mycelia segments into arthroconidia (spores) and when the soil is disrupted and aerosolized, it can be inhaled and cause lung infections. Due to global warming, spread has increased into non-endemic areas and is predicted to spread further. 60% of patients are asymptomatic or display minimal disease. Meanwhile, 40% of symptomatic patients may develop deteriorating health complications for months to years after diagnosis. Researchers have tried to develop a human vaccine for Valley fever but very little is known about how the fungus interacts with the immune system and the lung microenvironment. There is a critical need to identify which immune cells are interacting with the fungus in the lungs and how these cells control infection. It is known that the immune system partially controls the infection through TH1 and TH17 responses. T cell memory functionally determines how the immune system responds upon antigen reencounter. We do not know how the immune system develops memory in response to Coccidioides and if the fungus influences differentiation in the memory environment. There has been no human vaccine. Prior translational attempts from mouse to human have been unsuccessful due to the lack of knowledge of how memory responses are being shaped in this disease. We are assessing the durability, types of memory, and how memory changes with repeated exposure in the patient blood via flow cytometry. These experiments have allowed us to investigate which cells participate in recall immunity in animal models and patients of Valley fever.
Exposure to host inflammation in vivo induces rapid transcriptomic change and impaired maturation in malaria parasites.
Authors: Lansink Lianne I.M. , Engel Jessica A. , Lee Hyun Jae , Soon Megan S.F. , Williams Cameron G. , Aogo Rosemary A. , Cromer Deborah , Davenport Miles P. , Khoury David S. , Haque Ashraful
Published: February 2023

We previously reported slowing of the Plasmodium life-cycle in acutely-infected wild-type but not immune-deficient mice, suggesting a role for host responses in mediating this effect. Here, we hypothesized that parasites sense and rapidly adapt to host inflammation in vivo. We tested this in mice using a combination of immunological, metabolomic and parasite single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) approaches. Firstly, systemic treatment with LPS, but not CpG or Poly I:C, impaired in vivo maturation of parasites, the magnitude of which correlated with plasma TNF/IFNγ levels. This supported our idea that a systemic inflammatory response alone could impair malaria parasite maturation. Metabolomic analysis of plasma indicated host inflammation was associated with substantial changes to the external environment in which parasites circulated. Subsequent in vitro culture confirmed this plasma directly impaired maturation, and moreover, suggested the presence of inhibitory factor(s) within it. scRNAseq conducted on asynchronous parasites exposed to host-inflammation in vivo, suggested a global down-regulation of transcription, specifically in mid-stage of the blood-cycle – also confirmed by flow-cytometric analysis. In addition, we noted specific down-regulation of protein translation associated genes. Thus, malaria parasites in the mid-stages of their blood-stage cycle actively sense systemic host inflammation, and respond by slowing down gene transcription and protein translation, resulting in slowed maturation. Our work suggests systemic inflammatory responses may control malaria parasites not via their clearance, nor directly killing, but by slowing down the rate of parasite maturation and replication.
Insulin Fact Sheet in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Trends of Antidiabetic Medication Use in Insulin Users with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2002 to 2019
Authors: Park Jiyun , Kim Gyuri , Kim Bong-Sung , Han Kyung-Do , Kwon So Yoon , Park So Hee , Lee You-Bin , Jin Sang-Man , Kim Jae Hyeon
Published: February 2023

Background: This study investigated the trends of insulin use among Korean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Changes in prescription of antidiabetic medications in T2DM patients taking insulin therapy were evaluated.Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea to evaluate the prevalence of insulin users and trends of insulin use in T1DM and T2DM patients from January 2002 to December 2019. We also investigated numbers and types of antidiabetic medications in insulin users with T2DM.Results: The overall total number of insulin users increased from 2002 to 2019, reaching 348,254 for T2DM and 20,287 for T1DM in 2019 compared with 109,974 for T2DM and 34,972 for T1DM in 2002. The proportion of patients using basal analogs and short acting analogs have increased and those using human insulin, premixed insulin, or biphasic human insulin have decreased (rapid acting analogs: 71.85% and 24.12% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019; basal analogs: 76.75% and 75.09% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019). The use of other antidiabetic medication in addition to insulin increased for T2DM, especially in dual therapy, reaching up to 52.35% in 2019 compared with 16.72% in 2002.Conclusion: The proportion of the patients using basal or rapid acting analogs increased among all insulin users in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Among patients with T2DM, the proportion of patients using antidiabetic medications in addition to insulin was significantly increased compared to those who used insulin alone.
Global regularity of 2D Navier–Stokes free boundary with small viscosity contrast
Authors: Gancedo Francisco , García-Juárez Eduardo
Published: February 2023

This paper studies the dynamics of two incompressible immiscible fluids in two dimensions modeled by the inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes equations. We prove that if initially the viscosity contrast is small then there is global-in-time regularity. This result has been proved recently in Paicu and Zhang [Comm. Math. Phys. 376 (2020)] for

H^{5/2}

Sobolev regularity of the interface. Here we provide a new approach which allows us to obtain preservation of the natural

C^{1+\gamma}

Hölder regularity of the interface for all

0<\gamma<1

. Our proof is direct and allows for low Sobolev regularity of the initial velocity without any extra technicalities. It uses new quantitative harmonic analysis bounds for

C^{\gamma}

norms of even singular integral operators on characteristic functions of

C^{1+\gamma}

domains [Gancedo and García-Juárez, J. Funct. Anal. 283 (2022)].
Ovidij
Authors: Ovidij  , Zupančič Polonca
Published: February 2023

Ovidij se je v tretjem pismu iz zbirke z naslovom Junakinje oz. Pisma junakinj prelevil v Homerjeve like iz znamenite trojanske vojne: po prihodu Grkov v Frigijo so vojaki najprej napadli mesta v okolici Troje: Ahil je tako razrušil Tebe in Lirnes, pri tem pa si kot plen prisvojil tudi dve prelepi dekleti, hčeri Hriza in Briza, ki ju Iliada generično poimenuje zgolj po očetih, torej s patronimi. Medtem ko je Hrizéido Ahil podaril Agamemnonu, pa je Brizéido zadržal zase; ker pa je moral Agamemnon po volji bogov vrniti svojo deklico očetu, je Ahilu nasilno odvzel njegovo. Junak, užaljen zaradi takšne žalitve, je umaknil svoje bojne vrste in odrekel svojo pomoč v boju proti Trojancem (Iliada 1). Potem ko so Grki v spopadih večkrat doživeli poraz, je Agamemnon poslal k Ahilu poslance z darovi, vendar je Ahil vse to iz jeze zavrnil (Iliada 9). Dogajalni čas pisma je ravno po tem trenutku, saj ga Brizeida v njem naproša, naj sprejme ponujene darove in znova stopi v boj proti Troji.
Ptohoprodrom: Prekleto šolanje!
Authors: Isak Kres Jelena
Published: February 2023

Ptohoprodrom oz. Revni Prodrom je naslov zbirke, ki jo je morda napisal Teodor Prodrom (najverjetneje gre za avtorja, ki so ga imenovali tudi Ptoho-Prodrom oziroma Revni Prodrom), morda pa kak njegov posnemovalec. Teodor Prodrom, ki je živel v 12. stoletju, in sicer nekje med letoma 1100 in 1170, je bil znamenit in plodovit bizantinski avtor tako proznih del kot tudi poezije. O njegovem življenju ni veliko znanega, poznamo ga predvsem kot pisca priložnostnih pesmi za pokrovitelje bizantinskega dvora. Bil je v stikih s cesarjema Joannesom II. Komnenom in Manuelom I. Komnenom, pod katerim je Bizantinsko cesarstvo doživelo ponovni vzpon vojaške in ekonomske, pa tudi kulturne moči. To je bil zadnji vrhunec tisoč petsto letne zgodovine Rimskega cesarstva.
Teodoros Kolokotronis in Joannis Kapodistrias: odlomki iz dela Pripoved o dogajanju med grškim ljudstvom
Authors: Braniselj Marija
Published: February 2023

Teodoros Kolokotronis (1770–1843) je ena najvidnejših vojaških osebnosti iz časa grške revolucije (1821–1830). Rojen je bil v Meseniji na Peloponezu, živel pa je na Zakintosu, Peloponezu in v Atenah. Deloval je kot kleft in armatol in bil član Prijateljskega društva (Φιλική Εταιρεία), katerega cilj je bila organizacija in izvedba grške vstaje. Bil je eden izmed podpornikov vlade prvega grškega predsednika Joannisa Kapodistriasa, ki je vladal od leta 1828 pa do atentata leta 1831. Po prihodu bavarskega princa Otona I. v Grčijo (1833) je bil Kolokotronis leta 1834 obsojen na smrt, češ da je nasprotnik bavarskega dvora, a slednjič je bil pomiloščen. Kolokotronis je bil nepismen. Njegovo biografijo, Pripoved o dogajanju med grškim ljudstvom 1770–1836 (Διήγησις συμβάντων τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς φυλῆς ἀπὸ τὰ 1770 ἕως τὰ 1836), je zato po nareku napisal Georgios Tertsetis (1800–1874), eden izmed dveh sodnikov, ki sta v prepričanju, da je Kolokotronis nedolžen, zavrnila podpis pod prej omenjeno smrtno obsodbo. Delo je izšlo v Atenah leta 1846 in je napisano v prvi osebi, pripovedovalec je Kolokotronis. V besedilu se spominja dogodkov, ki jih je doživel v mladosti in med svojim udejstvovanjem v grški vstaji. V slovenskem prevodu je zbranih nekaj odlomkov, ki se osredotočajo na Kolokotronisovo pripoved o dogodkih pred nastopom prvega grškega predsednika, Joannisa Kapodistriasa, predsednikovo delovanje, njegovo smrt ter prihod bavarskega princa Otona I. v Grčijo.
Power in Deaf Pedagogy and Curriculum Design: Multimodality in the Digital Environments of Deaf Education (DE2)
Authors: Skyer Michael E.
Published: February 2023

Deaf people are a heterogeneous global minority singularly linked by technology. I posit that deaf people wield the cutting-edge of innovation by developing or repurposing digital technologies in deaf education as a means to leverage the affordances of visuospatial sign languages and multimodal communication. Throughout, I investigate a nexus of historical, cultural, social, political, and ideological struggle where deaf people use their own power and self-determination to counteract harmful forces like oppression and exclusion. To do this, I synthesize the digital environments of deaf education (DE2) and articulate a theory of deaf educational power centered on the interdependence of digital knowledge modes and the deaf users driving their development. I situate modes as a fundamental unit of analysis. Multimodality is related to power and ethics in education and assists in critically analyzing DE2. Multimodal theory illustrates how pow- er is used in DE2 and shows ecological relationships between pedagogical ethics and knowledge co-construction by deaf students and educators. In sum; deaf people use multimodal technologies to construct deaf-centric educational power. Three major findings are categorized: (1) the purposes for which DE2 are designed, (2) the practices constitutive of DE2, and (3) disciplines represented in DE2 research. Two exemplars from category 3 are shown and analyzed. Both interrelate Deaf Culture, sign language, and digital education technologies. One is situated in a deaf student protest about language and communication access. The second is rooted in the multilingual characteristics of an international consortium related to deaf science epistemologies. Overall, I elucidate a social history of technology in deaf education to show that DE2 is a globalized phenomenon transcending geopolitical boundaries.
Writing of Light or Writing of Shade? Jacques Derrida on Photography
Authors: Zawojski Piotr
Published: February 2023

The article presents Jacques Derrida’s reflections on photography. Although the philosopher himself declared his “lack of competence” in matters concerning visual arts and, more broadly, the image because his domain was word/text, he often spoke/wrote about the nature of the image, including the photographic one, as he was often provoked/invited to make such statements. Derrida did not create a coherent theory of the photographic image and it was never his ambition. However, scattered in several texts, his original reflections on the essence of photography – not in the commonly accepted thinking about this medium as the phenomenon of “writing of light,” but rather a medium that uses a kind of “writing of shade” (or sciagraphy) – force us to reflect and think critically. This article presents analyses and interpretations of Derrida’s texts in which the problem of photography is merely a context for broader philosophical considerations (The Postcard, Memoirs of the Blind, Aletheia, Rights of Inspection), as well as those in which photography becomes the basic material of reflection (The Deaths of Roland Barthes, Copy, Archive, Signature, Athens, Still Remains). Derrida’s thinking (even in darkness) turns out to be worth considering as reading his “amateur” texts on photography proves that his voice can be inspiring in this field as well.
Radiološki pregled zuba kunića
Authors: Mitrović Marko Jumake , Todorović Anastasija , Vrbanac Zoran , Janevski Aleksandar , Lazarević Macanović Mirjana
Published: February 2023

Patološka su stanja zuba kunića u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi vrlo česta i često rezultiraju poremećajem u funkciji organa digestivnog i respiratornog sustava, a mogu imati i letalan ishod. Da bi se omogućila pravovremena primena terapije i spriječila pojava komplikacija, posebnu pažnju treba usmjeriti na ranu dijagnostiku. Radiološka dijagnostika predstavlja jednostavan, brz i nezaobilazan postupak u procjeni stanja zubi. Za razliku od drugih vrsta sisavaca, radiološki pregled zuba kunića se odlikuje određenim osobitostima koje se, prije svega, očituju u tehnikama snimanja i interpretaciji rendgenskih snimaka koji su detaljno prikazani u ovom radu.
Seroprevalence of Aujeszky's disease in the domestic pig population in the Republic of Croatia from 2013 to 2021
Authors: Acinger-Rogić Žaklin , Pavlak Marina , Jemeršić Lorena
Published: February 2023

Aujeszky's disease is a viral disease of animals, primarily pigs, which are considered to be the natural hosts. It is endemic in many parts of the world, but there are areas and countries that have successfully eradicated this disease. Due to mandatory control measures and trade barriers, Aujeszky's disease causes significant economic losses. Although, it has been eradicated in most European Union Member States, there are still areas and countries where it persists. In the Republic of Croatia, the disease has not yet been eradicated from the domestic pig population, although surveillance and eradication has been carried out since 2013. This paper presents the results of serological testing of domestic pigs for Aujeszky's disease in the period from 2013 to 2021. The prevalence of Aujeszky's disease at the farm level by year in the study period ranged from 4.66% (CI 95%, 4.39-4.95) to 0.67% (CI 95%, 0.35-1.28). Since 2016, prevalence was at an average level of 1.26% (CI 95%, 0.67-1.95%). The highest prevalence 10.28% (CI 95%, 9.15-11.53) was found in Varaždin County, and the lowest 0.14 % (CI 95%, 0.07-0.31) in Krapina-Zagorje County.
THESPIRITUALITY OF BEING A PRIMARY TEACHER SCHOOL IN A CHANGING CONTEXT TO BECOME A PROFESSIONAL TEACHER
Authors: Chalermkerdsrinuansakul Kitjanat
Published: February 2023

This article would like to present the issue of conducting and behaving in accordance with the professional ethics of teachers, especially primary school teachers, must work to develop learners with a teacher spirit; teachers must be good role models; teachers must have morals; teachers must be strong citizens; and teachers must be able to maintain themselves to respect the faith of students and community members. By examining, synthesizing, and incorporating the body of knowledge on teacher values, teacher professional ethics, morality, teacher ethics, teacher spirit, teacher law, and circumstances for teacher professional growth, employing case studies, reflection practice, and experiential learning management to apply for self-development as a competent teacher who is informed, up to date, and up to date. However, because of how quickly the world is changing, pupils' conduct outside of the classroom differs significantly from that within, children that are able to speak with one another outside of the classroom engage in a wide range of activities, and even distance is seldom ever a barrier when it comes to emulating behavior. According to the author, spiritual concerns, including the spirit of teaching, have been falling while consumerism and technology have made it easier to get along, the author believes that Thai education has reached a turning point.
THE SCOPE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Veer Lakshya
Published: February 2023

Indeed, decades back no one might have imagined having a video call with their families in different countries and continents. These days, it is very common. This is because of innovation getting less expensive, and gadgets arising with better than ever capacities. Individuals can totally get their things finished with a click on their cell phone. Sending messages, making payments , transferring cash, or booking a taxi is the simplest task due to the advancement of technologies like artificial intelligence and the internet of things. This paper highlights the Working of AI, IoT , brief history of evolution, working of AI, and the area of wide scope of these technologies.
DIGITALIZATION – DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS PROCESS IN CREDIT SYSTEM
Authors: Mosiashvili Valeri , Gabitsinashvili Khatuna
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the key aspects of banking-credit sector development in digitalization conditions, which is expresses in the trends of digital development in banks, the changes of business process, banking products and services, their ecosystem services and development models under the influence of digitalization. The local and foreign assessment and analysis of the best practices in the use of modern digital technologies in the planning, monitoring and evaluation of governance decisions gave us the opportunity to formulate proposals and recommendations in relation to the priority direction of the use of digital technologies, in the framework of the further adoption of management principles and procedures according to the results. The research conducted based on the secondary data found by us determined that the digital transformation of the environment and business processes will be the main direction of development of any business (including banking and credit business).Moreover, the development of the banking system based on the use of innovative (digital) technologies provides opportunities for solving many problems, for example, penetrating technologies as artificial intelligence, Blockchain, P2P lending, will accelerate the implementation of technological calculations, increase the speed of banking operations, increase the accuracy of calculations, reduce reporting risk of intentional data distortion. We used the methods of analysis, modeling and analogy when setting and solving problems. As a result of the study, the concept of digital bank was defined, the problems of using digital technologies in the banking sector (both in general, and specifically at the level of the national economy) and prospects were identified, and the main directions for achieving success in the digital transformation of business and business processes in the banking institution were proposed, which should be used in our country. It will bring quite a solid result for the banking-credit system in the short term.
STRENGTHENING OF ORAL TRADITION: LITERATURE AND PERFORMING ARTS IN THE LOCAL LANGUAGE OF TONSEA IN NORTH MINAHASA
Authors: Rambing Rosalina Rolany
Published: February 2023

Research on Oral Traditions: Literature and Performing Arts in the Tonsea Language. in Minahasa Utara aims to (1) identify and classify the oral traditions: literature and performing arts in the form of folk songs and dances, folk music in Tonsea regional language in North Minahasa; (2) Identifying and classifying oral traditions: results of oral literature and performing arts in the form of folk songs and dances, folk music, and which are still strictly performed by community groups using the Tonsea regional language in North Minahasa; and (3) Explaining the cultural meaning contained in oral traditions, literature and performing arts in the form of folk songs and dances, folk music, and folk music, in the regional language of Tonsea in North Minahasa. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques and tools: observation, interviews, focus discussions, document studies. There are two stages used in data analysis in this study, namely: (1) Anthropological Linguistic Analysis which aims to study and investigate scientifically about the relationship between language and aspects sociocultural based on ethnicity. (2) Data analysis according to Sudikan (2001) can be grouped into the stages of qualitative data analysis, namely: (1) the open coding stage is the researcher trying to vary what is related to the research object. Furthermore, the researcher carried out the process of detailing the data (breaking down), (conceptualizing) and categorizing (categorizing) primary and secondary data; (3) the axial coding stage is re- organizing data based on categories as a continuation of the previous stage. Then analyze the relationship between data / categories or data classification; and (4) the selective coding stage is the classification process of examining data on data categories, comparing, connecting and checking the intended data then draws final conclusions to make a general design. The results showed that in Tonsea region of North Minahasa there are 3 types of dance that are still strictly implemented, namely: Maengket Dance, Kabasaran Dance, and Tumatenden Dance. Furthermore, folk songs that are still strictly implemented are Maengket songs whose lyrics are usually sung together with the Maengket dance. Likewise, folk music that is still strictly performed by the people in the Tonsea region is only Kolintang music.
РУСКА КЊИЖЕВНОСТ И ЈЕЗИК ЗА ПРАВНИКЕ
Authors: Илић Велимир
Published: February 2023

Право и књижевност, као самостални ентитети друштвене културе, на- стају и развијају се у истој природној и социјалној средини, условљени истим социјално-економским односима, истим захтевима друштва и веома сличним циљевима и задацима. У правној науци нема развијене методологије којом би се истражио степен утицаја уметничког стваралаштва на развој правне свести, а затим и конституисање и развој правне науке, као ни однос и интеракција ис- торије развоја уметности и науке о праву. Сциентолози би такав концепт истра- живања могли окарактерисати и као недопустиво мешање уметности и научне апаратуре, док би историчари уметности и социолози књижевности без пуно напора могли да издвоје прегршт функција књижевности, заједничких диспо- зитивним, али и нормативним правним актима. Иако на први поглед можда није толико уочљива, веза између историје државе и права и историје културе и уметности, пре свега књижевности, веома је блиска и комплексна. И право и уметност припадају области духовне културе друштва, на сличан начин представљају одраз друштвених односа, степен раз- воја друштва и друштвене свести, а интерактивно и сами врше утицај на њихов развој. Уметност посредним утицајем на развој друштвене критичке свести, поред осталог и о категоријама демократског уређења, а тиме и на право, које пак на развој наведених категорија утиче регулативно. Формирајући правни поредак, право, као и уметност, остварује важну васпитну функцију.
International Human Resource Management: A Review and Critique Using the MOORA Method
Authors: V. Hukkeri Sheetal , Ramani D , Goswami Gunjan
Published: February 2023

A proactive approach to fostering a positive job environment,, employee development, and support is human resource management. While its duties vary between firms and industries, they often cover hiring, pay and benefits, development and training, and employee. The field of human resources offers tremendous chance for career progression, learning, and expansion. Human capitals are an excellent career choice if you find improvement in employee dynamics, influencing an organization's culture, or adopting workplace rules fascinating. One of the primary tasks of HR is to manage compensation and advantages for the staff of an organization. Employee satisfaction is high because to effective management of pay, vacation, and insurance. You will have the delivery, communication, and development of salary and benefit programs as a human resources officer. Research significance: Some of the greatest HR positions to think about that are HR Helper, Training and Training Consultant, Senior Recruiter, and HR Manager. VP of HR, benefits and compensation manager, and union business relations experts are excellent additional job options to take into consideration. The part HR plays is constantly evolving, and HR professionals can stay abreast of the innovations, patterns, and practical modifications that will influence businesses in the future. In order to support employee growth, retention, and recruiting, HR can be flexible in adapting to such changes. The correct employees for a business may be found, trained, and retained with the help of human resources (HR) specialists. Anyone thinking about working in HR must possess the abilities required to deal with people and make challenging decisions on a regular basis. Mythology: Alternative: Planning, Leadership, Organizing, Controlling. Evaluation Option: HM-A, HM-B, HM-C, HM-D. Result: “from the result it is seen that HM-B and is got the first rank whereas is the HM-D got is having the lowest rank”. Conclusion: “The value of the dataset for Human resource management in MOORA method shows that it results in HM-B and top ranking”.
The Position of Insider (Emic) and Outsider (Etic): A Review of Deborah Court and Randa Khair Abbas’ Insider-Outsider Research in Qualitative Inquiry: New Perspectives on Method and Meaning
Authors: Yanto Elih Sutisna , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: February 2023

In their book, Insider-Outsider Research in Qualitative Inquiry: New Perspectives on Method and Meaning by Deborah Court and Randa Khair Abbas, they deconstruct the outdated or puzzling terminology associated with this type of research, examine ethical challenges, and recommend methodological approaches. This book also situates qualitative insider-outsider research, by its very nature, within the larger research ecology. The authors describe in full a researcher partnership—a relationship that is more personal and fruitful than a team and significantly more than the sum of its parts. Through their nearly two-decade-long research collaboration and study of the Israeli Druze, the authors have established mutual trust, which has led to a deeper understanding of cultural norms and the meanings they convey. Examples from their research with Israeli Druze will be used to illustrate this argument and their methodology. This book will be of interest to ethnographers, qualitative researchers, and graduate students of all experience levels.
Epidemiology, Management and Treatment Outcome of Medulloblastoma in Singapore
Authors: Chan Mei-Yoke , Teo Wan-Yee , Seow Wan-Tew , Tan Ah-Moy
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour is the most common type of malignant brain tumour in children. Long-term survival rates have improved over the years with a combination of surgical, radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic treatment modalities in the developed world. This paper aims to analyse the epidemiology and outcome of medulloblastoma in Singapore and compare our results with those reported in the literature.

Materials and Methods: A 9-year retrospective study was done using data reported to the Singapore Children’s Cancer Registry from June 1997 to June 2005. Only 39 children up to the age of 15 years diagnosed histologically with medulloblastoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumour arising from the cerebellum were included in the study. Follow-up data were collected up to June 2006 and analysed using SPSS v 13.0 software.

Results: Medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour was the most common type of brain tumour, accounting for 40.7% of all brain tumours diagnosed in children in Singapore. The 5-year event-free survival rate was 44.5%, while the 5year overall survival rate was 51.5%. Nearly half (41%) of our patients had spinal metastasis at presentation and this was associated with a worse event-free survival (6.3% vs 71.9%, P = 0). Children under 36 months of age had a significantly poorer overall survival (28.8% vs 52.2%, P = 0.041).

Conclusions: The outcome of medulloblastoma in Singapore was inferior to reported figures in the literature. We need to close identified gaps in care, like standardising assessment and treatment protocols, in order to improve our results. Research into molecular and genetic characteristics may also throw light on whether the disease is inherently more aggressive in our population.

Key words: Medulloblastoma, Outcome, Singapore
Knowledge and awareness of dental stem cells among dental healthcare professionals – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hafsa Qabool  , Jaweriya Qabool  , Aqeel Ahmed  , Rashna Hoshang Sukhia  , Mubassar Fida
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess knowledge and awareness of dental healthcare professionals on dental stem cells.
Methods: A questionnaire survey-based study was conducted using Google forms on a sample of 69 dental healthcare professionals (DHCP) from September – October 2022, after obtaining ethical approval.  A validated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental healthcare professionals on stem cells, which was then divided into three sections.   The section A was about demographic statistics, section B assessed knowledge and awareness regarding dental stem cells and section C consisted of 5 score VAS scale to assess the acceptability of future research and increase implication of dental stem cells (DSC) among DHCP. The frequency of each question was reported in percentages. To assess the difference of knowledge and awareness of DSC among different specialties of DHCP, one-way ANOVA test was applied and incase of significant results pairwise comparison was performed by post-hoc Tukey test.
Results: Mean scores of knowledge and awareness of DSC among female DHCP were 54.26 ± 11.73 and males were 53.50 ±8.19. There was a statistically significant difference of knowledge (p= 0.02) among different dental healthcare professionals.  On pairwise comparison by post-hoc Tukey HSD we found statistically significant difference (p = 0.03) of knowledge and awareness of dental stem cells among general dentists and operative dentistry specialists.
Conclusion: We found poor knowledge and awareness of dental healthcare professionals regarding dental stem cells. However, operative and endodontic specialty had more awareness on dental stem cells as compared to any other specialty.  There was positive approach for further future researches on stem cells.
Keywords: Dentistry, Operative, Stem Cells, Demography.
Global geographic and gender disparities in stem cell-related surgical research: bibliometric review of the top 200 most-cited articles
Authors: Russell Seth Martins  , Aqsa Muhammad Nasir  , Zobiyah Sajid Charolia  , Alina Pervez  , Omar Mahmud  , Hamzah Jehanzeb4
Published: February 2023

Objective: The study aimed to identify geographic and gender disparities in the quality, academic impact, and media attention of the top-cited articles related to stem cell-related surgical research.
Methods: The following data was extracted for the top 200 most-cited articles (2011-2021): article- (including citation metrics and country of publication), journal- (including impact factor), and author-level (including corresponding author gender) variables. Article Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), a measure of mass mainstream and social media attention, was also recorded.
Results: Most articles originated from high-income countries (HICs: 175 [87.5%]), with only 7 (3.5%) from lower-middle-income countries. Articles from non-HIC were published in journals with significantly lower impact factors (6.66 [3.75-9.46] vs. 23.2 [7.3-32.5]; p < 0.001) and AAS (7 [3-14.5] vs. 30 [11-83]; p < 0.001). Only 44 (22%) of articles were authored by a female corresponding author,
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Stem cells in degenerative lumbar spine disease: a review and focus on utility in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Muhammad Usman Khalid  , Mohammad Hamza Bajwa  , Akbar Jaleel Zubairi
Published: February 2023

Stem cell therapy is a common adjunct in regenerative medicine and has recently seen greater adoption in spinal surgery. Arthrodesis is typically achieved with iliac-crest bone grafts with several adverse events, leading to the development of alternative biomaterials. One such biomaterial is stem cells, which may be equal in terms of effectiveness but with significantly fewer complications. Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) have seen slow adoption of stem cell therapy due to resource constraints but may benefit the most from these techniques. We conducted a comprehensive review of literature in the PUBMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases on the use of stem cells and stem cell-based biomaterials in spinal surgery. Our review showed promising results, from a variety of methods including augmentation of existing scaffold with mesenchymal stem cells or concentrated bone marrow aspirate.
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