bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inicjatywa założenia ochron dla dzieci w Krakowie w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku
Authors: Barnaś-Baran Ewa
Published: October 2018

The article covers the issue of the initiative of organising care for small children at care homes in Krakow in the first half of the 19th century. Krakow’s civic-minded townspeople, referring to examples from all over Europe and facilities organised in Warsaw, implemented a project setting up a care shelter in Krakow. The analysis of archive material indicates that towards the end of the 1830s and the beginning of the 1840s, in Krakow, one could speak of the beginnings of a movement aimed at extending care over children of working families, including helping to feed them, morally educate them and provide for them with a basic education. Members of Krakow’s Charity Society actively participated in this work, recruiting people interested in creating care shelters, and drawing up projects for such institutions. In the end, care shelters were established and operated in the second half of the 19th century on the initiative of the private individuals who founded the Committee for Shelters for small children in Krakow. It must be noted that these included members of the Charity Society.
99 lat działalności Ligi Morskiej i Rzecznej na rzecz krzewienia idei „Polski morskiej”
Authors: Kozłowska Aneta
Published: October 2018

This article presents the history of the Liga Morska i Rzeczna during its 99 years of activties promoting the idea of a marine Poland. The task of this organization is the broadly understood concept of development which is to be achieved by development of the principles of the organization of ports, shipping, universal maritime terminology, the development of shipping, the construction of the waterway system in Poland, the training of personnel and the promotion of shipping and maritime sports in Polish society. In addition, the text describes the various types of activities of Liga Morska i Rzeczna, such as launching publications related to maritime issues, creating plans for the construction of the port of Gdynia, the Naval Yard and the expansion of the city of Gdynia, collecting money for ship construction and promotional activities. The article also includes the relationship between the actions of Liga Morska i Rzeczna and the expansion of the Polish Navy. The conclusion mentions an exhibition organized by the Library of the Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia which will travel throughout Poland over the next two years.
Dorota Żołądź-Strzelczyk, Izabela Gomułka, Katarzyna Kabacińska-Łuczak, Monika Nawrot-Borowska, Dzieje zabawek dziecięcych na ziemiach polskich do początku XX wieku, Wrocław 2016, ss. 471.
Authors: Wałęga Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

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Bibliografia
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: October 2018

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System opieki społecznej w okresie Polski Ludowej (lata 1944–1989). Zarys problematyki
Authors: Brenk Mikołaj
Published: October 2018

In the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989), a number of organisational and ideological changes were made in the social welfare sector: most of the ways of organising help that were tested during the interwar period were replaced with new concepts, often with sad consequences for those in need. This article presents the changes that took place in the Polish social security sector in the decades after World War II. Subsequent attempts to reform the social welfare system have been shown with the use of archival materials, other historical sources and literature on the subject.
Dwudziestowieczne i współczesne polskie piśmiennictwo na temat dziecka do lat trzech – dziecko „na tle” żłobka, żłobek „na tle” dziecka (wprowadzenie do problemu)
Authors: Sadowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

This paper is a review of Polish academic studies into the topic of early child education and care (up to three years of age), published over the course of the 20th Century to the present day, with the main focus on institutional daycare. The majority of academic papers on the subject of early childhood in the context of public institutional daycare were focused on nursing and development, while nursery schools as such were most frequently regarded solely as an alternative to being brought up in a family. The dominant notions in the relevant literature are those of care (including mainly nursing, nutrition and preventative care), development and education. Among the works published after 1945, the majority were nursing handbooks or elaborations on psychology. Certain components of basic early childhood ‘didactics’ can be identified in the papers by Halina Spionek and Hanna Trawińska, as well as in the journals from the 1960s through to the 1980s. The 1970s also saw a number of papers dedicated to the implementation of proper everyday practices into nursery schools and improving the quality of their services. Research on the social spaces of nursery schools was also undertaken in the late 1990s by a team of pedagogues in Łódź, while the economic and social conditions of nursery school operation was examined a group of scholars from the Białystok School of Economics. Currently, the topic of early education in the context of institutional daycare is being explored with growing interest, however, in the overall field of pedagogics it still remains under-researched.
A Comparative Study of PWM Techniques for Multiphase Induction Motor Drives
Authors: Shaikh Mo. Suhel A. , Maurya Rakesh
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with the performance analysis of different PWM techniques for three-phase and dual three-phase induction motors. In this paper, the dual three-phase induction motor is reconnected as a three-phase and six-phase winding configurations and its performances are investigated. The comparative evaluation for the aforesaid machine configurations are carried out in terms of quality of stator current waveform with different PWM techniques. Total harmonic distortion are obtained in terms of harmonic distortion factor for stator current. The theoretical findings are further verified through simulation and experimental results.
Die Rezeption eines überregionalen Lehrwerks im finnischen DaF-Unterricht
Authors: Maijala Minna
Published: October 2018

Nach wie vor basiert der Unterrichtsverlauf im Fremdsprachenunterricht in der Regel auf den Texten und Aufgaben im Lehrwerk. Im Bereich der Fremdsprachendidaktik gibt es bislang nur wenige empirische Untersuchungen zum Umgang mit dem Lehrwerk in der Unterrichtspraxis, d. h. wie die Lernenden bzw. Lehrenden die Inhalte in Lehrwerken verstehen, rezipieren und mit ihnen arbeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, der Frage nachzugehen, wie die Arbeit mit einem überregionalen DaF-Lehrwerk im fächerübergreifenden universitären Deutschunterricht (GER-Niveau A2–B2) verläuft. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Umfrage unter den Studierenden zur Wahrnehmung und Bewertung des Lehrwerks durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus wurde die Arbeit der Studierenden mit dem Lehrwerk im Klassenzimmer aufgezeichnet und diesbezüglich analysiert, was den Lernenden bei der selbstständigen Arbeit mit dem globalen DaF-Lehrwerk schwer- bzw. leichtgefallen ist. Abschließend wird auf die Rolle des globalen DaF-Lehrwerks als sprachlicher und kultureller Mediator in einer nicht deutschsprachigen Lernumgebung eingegangen.
Estudio exploratorio de títulos de tesis doctorales redactados en lengua española
Authors: Soler Viviana
Published: October 2018

Este es un estudio sobre títulos de tesis doctorales redactados en lengua española con el objetivo de registrar las construcciones estructurales más recurrentes de este tipo de títulos, e intentar determinar si tales construcciones pueden considerarse variables disciplinares. Se trabajó sobre una base de datos que incluye 716 títulos de tesis doctorales realizadas y defendidas por los integrantes de una misma comunidad científica, la Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina). La lingüística de corpus utilizada como metodología de investigación demostró que, de las cuatro construcciones representativas de los títulos científicos altamente especializados, únicamente dos son las elegidas por los autores de tesis doctorales, a saber: la estructura nominal y la estructura de título compuesto. Este hallazgo contribuye a sentar las bases para la construcción de una pedagogía de la escritura específica de las tesis doctorales y sugiere que la estructura del título podría funcionar como variable disciplinar en determinadas áreas de estudio. A corpus containing 716 titles of Ph.D. theses written in Spanish and defended by members of the Universidad Nacional del Sur (Argentina) was constructed and analyzed to record the most recurrent Ph.D. thesis title structural constructions, and to determine if such constructions can be considered as disciplinary variables. Corpus linguistics was applied to analyze all the titles chosen and revealed that of the four representative structural constructions of highly advanced scientific titles, only the nominal construction and the compound construction are chosen. This finding lays the foundations for a specific Ph.D. thesis writing pedagogy.
Fingierte Mündlichkeit und Übersetzen
Authors: Nicklaus Martina , Rocco Goranka
Published: October 2018

This paper explores the problems related to the translation of some stilistic means in recent Italian prose, i. e. segments of orality integrated in the original literary narrative. The linguistic analysis, based on a corpus composed of two Italian novels (published in 2010 and 2012 respectively) and their French and German translations, focuses on selected lexical, syntactic and information-structural features and their translations. The first observations tend to confirm some former findings, illustrating the heterogeneity of orality-markers in the originals beside the general trend towards a more or less obvious stylistic attenuation in the target text, but there are also significant interlinguistic differences in the approach to the original text. Furthermore, the discussion of some examples demonstrates how results in linguistic research could provide precious assistance in the translation of orality – if they were accessible in specialised reference works.
Transynaptic Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A at Central Cholinergic Boutons
Authors: Caleo Matteo , Spinelli Matteo , Colosimo Francesca , Matak Ivica , Rossetto Ornella , Lackovic Zdravko , Restani Laura
Published: October 2018

Botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) is an effective treatment for several movement disorders, including spasticity and dystonia. BoNT/A acts by cleaving synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) at the neuromuscular junction, thus blocking synaptic transmission and weakening overactive muscles. However, not all the therapeutic benefits of the neurotoxin are explained by peripheral neuroparalysis, suggesting an action of BoNT/A on central circuits. Currently, the specific targets of BoNT/A central activity remain unclear. Here, we show that catalytically active BoNT/A is transported to the facial nucleus (FN) after injection into the nasolabial musculature of rats and mice. BoNT/A-mediated cleavage of SNAP-25 in the FN is prevented by intracerebroventricular delivery of antitoxin antibodies, demonstrating that BoNT/A physically leaves the motoneurons to enter second-order neurons. Analysis of intoxicated terminals within the FN shows that BoNT/A is transcytosed preferentially into cholinergic synapses. The cholinergic boutons containing cleaved SNAP-25 are associated with a larger size, suggesting impaired neuroexocytosis. Together, the present findings indicate a previously unrecognized source of reduced motoneuron drive after BoNT/A via blockade of central, excitatory cholinergic inputs. These data highlight the ability of BoNT/A to selectively target and modulate specific central circuits, with consequent impact on its therapeutic effectiveness in movement disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBotulinum neurotoxins are among the most potent toxins known. Despite this, their specific and reversible action prompted their use in clinical practice to treat several neuromuscular pathologies (dystonia, spasticity, muscle spasms) characterized by hyperexcitability of peripheral nerve terminals or even in nonpathological applications (i.e., cosmetic use). Substantial experimental and clinical evidence indicates that not all botulinum neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) effects can be explained solely by the local action (i.e., silencing of the neuromuscular junction). In particular, there are cases in which the clinical benefit exceeds the duration of peripheral neurotransmission blockade. In this study, we demonstrate that BoNT/A is transported to facial motoneurons, released, and internalized preferentially into cholinergic terminals impinging onto the motoneurons. Our data demonstrate a direct central action of BoNT/A.
A Spinal Mechanism Related to Left–Right Symmetry Reduces Cutaneous Reflex Modulation Independently of Speed During Split-Belt Locomotion
Authors: Hurteau Marie-France , Frigon Alain
Published: October 2018

Task- and phase-dependent reflex modulation during locomotion is well established, but we do not know the signals driving this modulation. To determine whether signals related to left–right symmetry of the locomotor pattern modulate cutaneous reflexes, we stimulated the superficial peroneal nerve in five intact female cats and in four spinal-transected cats (spinal cats, two males and two females) during split-belt locomotion at different left–right speeds. We compared cutaneous reflexes evoked in three ipsilateral and two contralateral hindlimb muscles during split-belt locomotion with those evoked during tied-belt (equal left–right speeds) locomotion at matched speeds of the slow and fast limbs. Our results showed similar phase-dependent modulation of cutaneous reflexes during tied-belt and split-belt locomotion in intact and spinal cats. During tied-belt locomotion in intact cats, an increase in speed significantly increased reflex modulation from minimum to maximum values, whereas in spinal cats, we observed a significant decrease. However, in all muscles of intact and spinal cats, split-belt locomotion significantly reduced reflex modulation compared with tied-belt locomotion independently of which limb was stepping on the slow or fast belt. Additionally, reflex modulation correlated more with spatial left–right symmetry, as opposed to a temporal one, in intact and spinal cats. Our results indicate that signals related to left–right symmetry reduce cutaneous reflex modulation independently of speed via a spinal mechanism. We propose that asymmetric sensory feedback from the left and right legs alters the state of the spinal network, thereby reducing cutaneous reflexes to prevent inputs from destabilizing a potentially unstable pattern.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen we contact an obstacle during walking, receptors in the skin send signals to the CNS to alter the trajectory of the leg to maintain balance. This response, or reflex, is different when the leg is in the air and when it is contacting the ground. The reflex also differs when we walk at different speeds. Here, we investigated this reflex when the left and right legs were walking at different speeds on a split-belt treadmill in cats. We show that the reflex is smaller during split-belt locomotion compared with when both legs are walking at equal speeds. We propose that the spinal locomotor network controlling walking reduces the reflex response to optimize balance when gait is unstable.
Das Gesetz zur Ausübung von Optionen der EU-Prospektverordnung
Authors: Voß Thorsten
Published: October 2018

Im Wertpapierprospektrecht steht eine neue Ära bevor: Die EU-ProspektVO, die keiner weiteren Umsetzung durch die nationalen Gesetzgeber der Mitgliedstaaten bedarf, tritt am 21. 7. 2019 in vollem Umfang in Kraft. Mit dem Gesetz zur Ausübung von Optionen der EU-Prospektverordnung hat der deutsche Gesetzgeber nun gem. Art. 3 Abs. 2 EU-ProspektVO mögliche ergänzende Regelungen nationalen Rechts erlassen. Der Gesetzgebungsprozess wurde deutlich davon geprägt, kleineren und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) einen besseren Zugang zum Kapitalmarkt zu ermöglichen. Dabei erfolgten wesentliche Änderungen, in deren Zentrum die Einführung eines Wertpapierinformationsblatts (WIB) als Prospektersatz steht, jedoch bedauerlicherweise unter Missachtung praktischer aufsichtskriminologischer Erfahrungen, wie sie nicht nur mit der europäisch veranlassten Prospektrichtlinie innerhalb der letzten zwölf Jahre, sondern in jüngster Zeit auch mit dem genuin deutschen Vermögensanlagenrecht gesammelt werden konnten. Der Beitrag zeigt die für den deutschen Markt bedeutsamsten Neuerungen auf und legt dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Entstehungsgeschichte wie den – disparaten – Regelungsrahmen anderer Kapitalanlageprodukte (Vermögensanlagen und Investmentvermögen), da dies nicht nur für die künftige Auslegung der deutschen „Begleitnormen“ des zukünftigen Prospektregimes, sondern auch für das Ziehen der rechtspolitisch zutreffenden Schlüsse für künftige Gesetzgebungsvorhaben von besonderer Bedeutung ist.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CULTURE MEDIUM ON CULTIVATION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE DERIVED STEM CELLS FROM TWO BIOLOGICAL SOURCES
Authors: Tomková MÃ¡ria , Kulíková Barbora , Vašíček JaromÃ­r , Baláži Andrej , Makarevič Alexander , Chrenek Peter
Published: October 2018

Aim of this study was to optimize the methodology of isolation and cultivation of rabbit adipose derived stem cells. Visceral fat and subcutaneous fat from interscapular region of the New Zealand White Line rabbit were used for experiments. Stem cells were cultured in αMEM and DMEM medium supplemented with 20% FBS and 1% antibiotics. We created 4 experimental groups based on source of fat tissue and cultivation medium: Interscapular_αMEM, Interscapular_DMEM, Visceral_αMEM, Visceral_DMEM. Using flow cytometry we analyzed viability of stem cells and intracellular and surface markers: vimentin, desmin, αSMA, CD29, CD34, CD44 and CD45. Morphology analyses revealed typical fibroblastic-like spindle shape cells in all cultured groups after few days of culture. Results of our study confirmed positive expression of CD29 and CD44 in all experimental groups thereby we confirmed that adipose derived stem cells have mesenchymal origin. Cells also showed positive expression of intracellular markers. Typical hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45 were not expressed. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between individual experimental groups, but based on tendency to fasten cell growth (recorded by regular observation and population doubling time analysis), we selected Interscapular_αMEM as a group for further experiments.
STRUVITE PRODUCTION BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Isabel Angulo-Bejarano Paola , Fierros-Romero Grisel , Del Carmen Vallejo Flores Rosario , Rubi Gomez-García Karen , Ruiz Collin Gabriela
Published: October 2018

Struvite is a biogenic mineral of low solubility. For many years, it has been considered as a fertilizer, but due to the additional cost of manufacture, its use has been limited to only high-value crops. Struvite production by some bacterial strains have been previously reported. However, this is the first study that reports struvite production in Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola strain. Crystal formation was observed within four days of incubation on solid media. Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the crystal structure as Struvite. Moreover, this study suggests a possible biotechnological use of P. syringae pv phaseolicola for struvite production for agricultural applications.
AN OPTIMIZED ALTERNATIVE FOR PHENOLIC COMPOUND-EXTRACTION OF STRAWBERRY BAGASSE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES
Authors: Carlos Santos Felix Antonio , Galvão Novaes Cleber , Pires Rocha MaÃ­sla , E. Barreto George , Franco Marcelo , Braga do Nascimento Junior Baraquizio , Diego Giraldez Alvarez Lisandro
Published: October 2018

The optimum extraction conditions for highest recovery of total phenolics content and antioxidant capacities were analyzed for strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) using response surface methodology. Phenolic compounds have been used in food technological processes, and thus it can contribute to the prevention of some degenerative diseases and used as antioxidant or antimicrobial. The assessment of the concentration of total phenolics, as well as their capacity to scavenge ABTS and the antioxidant capacity, determined by the modified DPPH method, were investigated based on distinct combinations of time, temperature, and solvents concentration. It was investigated that the optimum condition for getting the highest antioxidant yield was obtained under water-acetone (80:20, v/v) at 36 ºC and 36 min. We have found that the maximum yield of total phenolic was 1707.66 ± 38.43 (mg GAE/100 g), preserving the antioxidant capacity which was measured by using DPPH and ABTS assays, showing an EC50 of 1085.20 ± 32 (g fruit/g of DPPH) and 66.67 ± 2.4 (μM trolox/g fruit) respectively. This method is also easier and cheaper than other methods to perform polyphenols extractions since does not require expensive reagents or high quantities of organic solvents.
FUNGAL CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING WASTE MATERIALS: A MINI-REVIEW
Authors: Sawant Omkar , Mahale Sagar , Ramchandran Vanitha , Nagaraj Geetha , Bankar Ashok
Published: October 2018

Citric acid is one of the extensively used organic acids in many industries. There is a worldwide demand for citric acid consumption due to their many industrial applications. It is also considered as a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) compound. In this review, current developments in microbial fermentation processes for citric acid production have been discussed. In food, beverages, milk and sugar processing several biodegradable organic waste materials are generated in large quantities. These include sugarcane bagasse, grape pomace, apple pomace, pineapple pomace, vegetables, tapioca, coconut husk, banana peels, citrus peels, whey and decaying fruits are found to be potential substrates for citric acid production. A significant effect of substrate concentration, inorganic salts, initial sugar concentration, moisture and additives etc on citric acid production have been highlighted for further improvement in fermentation process. Recent developments in upstream and downstream processes for citric acid production are also deeply discussed. This review gives insights for future possibilities of cost effective fermentation process for citric acid production from several cheap raw materials. Formation of citric acid as an industrial byproduct will help to tackle waste disposal issue and also reduce the dependency of industry over other citric acid producers. Thus, the industry would be benefitted ecologically and economically.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VITEX NEGUNDO LINN
Authors: Arumanayagam S. , Arunmani M.
Published: October 2018

Vitex negundo Linn is a large aromatic shrub used as a traditional medicine for the treatment as antimicrobial, anticancer and diuretic properties belongs to the family Verbenaceae. In the present study an attempt had been made to study the antibacterial and hepatoprotective activity of V. negundo (VN) against LPS. The antibacterial activity of leaves, bark and seeds of VN were tested against different commonly occurring human pathogenic bacteria’s such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia. Among the different extracts and parts of plant, methanolic extract of leaves showed much more antibacterial activity against these different bacterial strains especially E.coli. VN was checked on HepG2 cells against the toxicity induced by LPS to prove the hepatoprotective activity. We showed that the VN induced ROS using JNK and MAPK pathways, decreased the apoptotic gene expressions such as COX2, IL 1 β, NFκβ and iNOS in HepG2 cells to protect the liver cells against LPS toxicity.
INFLUENCE OF pH AND EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES FROM PURPLE STICKY RICE (ORYZA SATIVA.L.GLUTINOSA)
Authors: Sun B.T. , Kongbangkerd T. , Rojsuntornkitti K. , Jittrepotch N.
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to determine the effect of different extraction conditions on antioxidant activity of purple sticky rice (Oryza sativa L. Glutinosa). The extractions conditions were ultrasonic 30, 40 and 50 minutes and microwave extraction at 300, 400 and 500 W with various pH 3, 4 and 5. The antioxidant activities were determined in terms of phenolic compound, total monomeric anthocyanins, flavonoid, ABTS and DPPH assays. The results showed that microwave extraction at pH 3 and the power 500 W had the highest extraction yield 69.85% (DW), total phenolic compound 1318.92 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoid 627.74 mg QE/g. DPPH scavenging ability was 85.97% and ABTS 413.36 mg/g. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the main anthocyanin that found in purple sticky rice in the range of 72.18% to 90.21%. The highest percentage of cyanindin-3-glucoside was microwave extraction at 500 W. These results suggested that microwave extraction at pH 3 and 500 W was the best condition of extraction.
Rabies in Asian Countries: Where we are stand?
Authors: Ahmad Tauseef , Musa Taha Hussein , Jin Hui
Published: October 2018

Rabies is one of the neglected zoonotic disease in Asian and African countries. This article highlights the rabies death rate in Asian countries during 2010-2014. High death rate was reported in China, Philippine and Vietnam. The overall death rate has dropped since 2010 to 2014 but still the disease is prevalent in some Asian countries. Reinforcement of the rabies surveillance is needed to strengthened national, regional and global reporting system to control and eliminate the disease by 2030.
On the innocence of historiography: Johannes Sambucus’ emblem about the difference between grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, and history
Authors: Molnár Dávid
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the iconolographical origin of Johannes Sambucus’ emblem dedicated to Carlo Sigonio, which – according to its title – displays the difference between grammar, dialectics, rhetoric and history. I focus on the central female figure whose innocent nudity represents the truth and whose connection with the ideal historiography standing – balancing together with Dialectics and Rhetoric – on the head of the young virgin Grammar. The special relationship between History and naked truth also defines its symbolic connection with the costumes of the other two figures: Dialectics in rough working clothes and Rhetoric in her long luxury dress. Three symbolic animals also belong to the three female figures: a sphinx to Dialectics, a chimera to Rhetoric and a winged dog to History. Contextual examination of the emblem reveals the possible source of the strange winged dog symbol is Plutarch’s short story of Osiris and Isis. In addition, the paper draws attention to an ironic twist of History in connection with Carlo Sigonio that shows that its nudity is not always so innocent.
Konrad Celtis, King Matthias, and the academic movement in Hungary
Authors: Kiss Farkas Gábor
Published: October 2018

This study deals with Celtis’ practice of rewriting and recontextualizing his own poetry. His poem To the literary odality of Hungarians (Ad sodalitatem litterariam Ungarorum, Odes II.2), addressed to a Hungarian ‘coetus’ (not a ‘sodalitas’) was first published in 1492. Through a detailed analysis of the poem, I claim that this ode was not directed to an academic circle of friends in Buda, but rather to the ‘bursa Hungarorum’ at the University of Cracow. As Celtis took up teaching in Ingolstadt in the spring of 1492, he published the Epitoma, which contained his course material on rhetoric from Cracow, and contained five poems, including this poem, which he composed while still in Poland. Consequently, it cannot be regarded as a proof of the continuity of academic thought between the Neo-platonic circles of King Matthias (1485-1490) and the Vienna-centered Sodalitas Danubiana of 1497. Around 1500, to please his Hungarian aristocratic friends in the Sodalitas Danubiana, he revised the same poem in Vienna and added it to the cycle of his Odes.
«Les poètes du XIXe siècle»: vies parallèles de petőfiet de ses contemporains
Authors: Palágyi Tivadar
Published: October 2018

Le présent article propose de comparer Sándor Petőfi, figure de la révolution hongroise de 1848, avec quelques autres poètes romantiques d’Europe centrale et orientale au XIXe siècle comme le roumain Mihail Eminescu, le polonais Mickiewicz ou encore Pouchkine. Le parallèle, de type analytique, aborde tour à tour les origines familiales (parfois étrangères), le cursus d’enseignement suivi (souvent interrompu), un épisode militaire au caractère généralement ambivalent, et enfin la complexité de l’engagement national.
The structural components of the situation of nurses in Hungary
Authors: Vingender I , Szalóczy N , Pálvölgyi M
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of the research is to assess the socioeconomic and sociocultural status of Hungarian nurses.

Materials and methods

In the research team working at the Department of Social Sciences, the Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, by 2015, the idea surfaced that it would be worthwhile to perform a complex socioeconomic and sociocultural study of this social group. We managed to have a sample representative of educational attainment and residence (N = 682). The survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire of 119 questions, 1,195 items, which was filled out in every county by nurses working in three areas: inpatient care, outpatient care, and general practitioner’s office.

Results

The analysed data indicate that nurses are recruited from the lower social strata. This background has a definitive impact on their future careers, both in an existential and in a cultural way. Nurses have persistently arrived from the same background in the past decades (Pearson’s R sig = .244), and have attained the same qualifications (Pearson’s R sig = .204). There is a remarkably significant disparity between the perceived real social situation and the desired social situation, which, on the one hand, explains the genesis and nature of social discontent, and on the other hand indicates the difficulties of solving the problem. Only 3.8% of nurses assess their own social prestige similar to that of the doctors’.

Conclusions

The social position of the nurses shows multidimensional and multileveled status inconsistency. First and foremost, we can find a relatively low ascribed and an adequately low achieved social position. This is coupled with a social self-image that, alluding to different (mainly work-related) factors, holds a significantly higher social status as desired and acceptable.
Efficient Computation of Semivalues for Game-Theoretic Network Centrality
Authors: Tarkowski Mateusz K. , Szczepański Piotr L. , Michalak Tomasz P. , Harrenstein Paul , Wooldridge Michael
Published: October 2018

Some game-theoretic solution concepts such as the Shapley value and the Banzhaf index have recently gained popularity as measures of node centrality in networks. While this direction of research is promising, the computational problems that surround it are challenging and have largely been left open. To date there are only a few positive results in the literature, which show that some game-theoretic extensions of degree-, closeness- and betweenness-centrality measures are computable in polynomial time, i.e., without the need to enumerate the exponential number of all possible coalitions. In this article, we show that these results can be extended to a much larger class of centrality measures that are based on a family of solution concepts known as semivalues. The family of semivalues includes, among others, the Shapley value and the Banzhaf index. To this end, we present a generic framework for defining game-theoretic network centralities and prove that all centrality measures that can be expressed in this framework are computable in polynomial time. Using our framework, we present a number of new and polynomial-time computable game-theoretic centrality measures.
SAĞLIK KAYGISI İLE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER: SAĞLIK KAYGISINDA BAĞLANMANIN ROLÜ VAR MIDIR?
Authors: Yorulmaz Elçin , Dirik Gülay
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada sağlık kaygısı ile ilişkili faktörler
özellikle de bağlanma stillerinin sağlık kaygısı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için sağlık kaygısı, hipokondriazis,
hastalık kaygısı ve bağlanma anahtar kelimeleri ile değişik veri tabanları
kullanılarak (Web of Science, EBSCHOHost, Elsevier Science Direct,
PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, ULAKBİM Türk Tıp Dizini/Sosyal Bilimler
Dizini) son 20 yıl içerisinde yapılan araştırmalar taranmıştır. Taranan
araştırmalarda incelenen boyutlar dikkate alınarak, sağlık kaygısı ve bağlanma
stilleri arasındaki ilişki sağlık kaygısı ve hipokondriazis, sağlık kaygısının
bilişsel ve kişilerarası modeli, sağlık kaygısı ve bağlanma ve onay arayıcılık
başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Öncelikle, sağlık kaygısı ile ilgili genel
bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Sonrasında, sağlık kaygısını daha iyi açıklamak için
geliştirilmiş olan bilişsel modele ve kişilerarası modele değinilmiştir. Ardından,
kişilerarası modelin temelinde yer alan bağlanma kuramına ve sağlık kaygısı ile
bağlanma stilleri ilişkisine dair yapılan araştırmalara yer verilmiştir. Sağlık
kaygısının güvensiz bağlanmanın bir yansıması olduğu, özellikle kaygılı
bağlanma ile ilişkili olduğu belirtilmiştir. Son olarak, iki model kapsamında
da onay arayıcılığa yer verilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde ise, araştırmalar ile
ilgili genel bir özet verilmiş ve gelecek çalışmalar için önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
DİJİTAL ANTROPOLOJİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN, İNGİLİZCE DİL SINIFLARINDA TABLET KULLANIMI: ATILIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ MODELİ
Authors: HAYIRLI Onur , İŞLER Dilek
Published: October 2018

Teknoloji ile çevrelendiğimiz şu günlerde, teknolojiyi öğrenme sürecine entegre etmek hem yararlı hem de kaçınılmazdır. Öğrenciler için çekici öğrenme araçlarıdır. Tabletler, özellikle dil sınıflarında oldukça pratik ve kullanımı kolay eğitim araçlarıdır. Görsel ve işitsel materyaller sağlarlar ve bunlar farklı seviyelerdeki öğrencilere yardımcı olurlar. Bu çalışmanın iki amacı vardır; Birincisi, deneyimle, İngilizce dil sınıflarında tablet kullanma zorluklarını ve faydalarını tartışmaktır. İkincisi, çalışmanın sonunda hem yeni teknikler hem de yöntemler aramak ve sunmaktır. Zorlukları ve faydaları tartışmaya çalışırken, öğretmenlerin tablet bilgisayarlardan en iyi şekilde nasıl yararlanabileceklerine değinilecektir. Tabletleri sınıflara entegre etmeye ilişkin öğrenci ve öğretmen görüşleri de dahil edilmiştir. Uygulama Atılım Üniversitesi Hazırlık Okulu’nda gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırmacı aynı zamanda bu Üniversite de İngilizce öğretmeni olduğu için zorlukları ve avantajlar yaşanmış, bizzat ayrıntılı olarak gözlemlemiştir. Eğitmenler tarafından etkin bir şekilde yönlendirildiğinde, tabletler farklılaştırılmış eğitimi destekler. Öğrenciler etkinliklerle meşgul olur ve görsel, işitsel ve bireysel olarak kendi hızlarında egzersiz yaparlar.Sonuç olarak, yeni tablet kullanımının olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları belirlenir ve tablete entegre sınıflarda çalışan eğitmenlerin metodolojik bilgilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olması sağlanabilirse çalışma hedefine ulaşacaktır.
Force Membranate Elements: Historical Information, Geometrical Mathematical Models, Practical Use (Review)
Authors: Chernus P. P. , Sharovatov V. T. , Chernus P. P.
Published: October 2018

In this paper is given an over view of histor y of creation and development of geometrical mathematical models and use of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM) and bellows. PAMs and bellows as pneumatic actuators are made of flexible membrane which can inflate. Displacement of these membranate elements depends on inner pressure. Direction of the displacement coincide with elements symmetry axis. Process of displacement involve shell form change. Reviewing actuators can be divided into two types: push-type and pull-type. The direction of displacement depends on length and diameter ration of element. PAMs are related to the pull-type actuators, bellows are related to the push-type. Distinguished tendencies and perspectives of developing pneumatic actuators are based on force membranate elements because of their advantages such as small weight, smoothness on low velocities and high strength. True to date exist big amount of different constructive designs of PAMs and bellows. Review contains such designs as braided, pleated and other designs of PAMs. In this paper are given main and often used approaches of creation static geometrical mathematical models of PAMs and bellows. Suggested mathematical models connect such parameters of PAMs and bellows as developed force, element axial length change, inner pressure change, diameter and material characteristics. For PAMs and bellows control is required to control its length or developed force. There are shown some applications of force membranate elements in different fields, such as biorobotics, medical and industrial applications. In conclusion are given possible approaches to improve discussed geometrical mathematical models of PAMs and bellows.
Construction of Highfailurestable Spacecraft Control System with Apply to Adaptive Logic in Diagnostic and Testing Algorithms
Authors: Zavedeev A. I.
Published: October 2018

Different approaches to problem of improving onboard spacecraft control system failurestable on base principles of analytical excess, optimization and reconfiguration with using probability index and adaptive logic in diagnostic and testing algorithms are considered. One of problem is synthesis of spacecraft control system algorithms with incomplete apriory and distorted current information, action of uncontrolled and random factors, equipment failures and signal loss in information channel. Ways of failure diagnostic are examinated, in particular, problem excluding of failures sensors and power drives. Onboard attitude control system is synthesized and control algorithms are chosen, which guarantee robust stability and failure stability in presence indignant factors. Questions of onboard spacecraft control system failurestable improving are discussed on base reconfiguration with apply to adaptive logic in diagnostic and testing algorithms. The features of simulation are described on instrumental structure and operational modes of the attitude control system, the methods of dynamic research and computer simulation utilized during designing are indicated. Onboard complex control algorithms, diagnostic and reconfiguration are proposed for navigation, communication, geodesy satellites and earth inspectoral vehicles with prolonged utilization (more 10 years) in space flight conditions. Testing system have to decide two problem: discovering and eliminating faults. The mathematical system model is researching with implementation of analytic reserving. Difference signals are formed, which arise at fault appearance. The failure character is established by deciding rules on base difference signals and measures to it eliminating are took. The adaptive approach to development testing and diagnostic systems provide for realization of flexible logic of control system function to take into account factual onboard equipment state. The effectiveness of prepositional approaches and algorithms is confirmed by mathematical modeling results for several actual technical systems. Recommendations to their practical applications are gave.
The Main Provisions of the Methodology for Assessing the Convergence of the Results of Mathematical Modeling of Continuous Processes of Avionics Devices and Field Experiments
Authors: Slatin V. V. , Demkin M. A. , Golubkina A. V.
Published: October 2018

The questions of estimation of convergence of the processes received in single flight tests of an aviation complex and at mathematical modeling are considered. This evaluation is performed based on the methods of analysis of variance and means of verification of statistical hypotheses in decision-making on the convergence of the compared processes. For each of the compared processes, the least squares method determines the regression lines. By methods of mathematical statistics the permissible proximity of regression lines of the compared processes is established and the average regression line equivalent to the mathematical expectation of the analyzed statistical processes is determined. With respect to this line, the variance of deviations of the compared statistical processes is determined and their belonging to the General sample of processes is estimated. This suggests that under normal laws of the distribution of measurement errors there is an adequacy of the processes of the mathematical model of the stages of operation of the aviation complex and the observed processes of these stages during flight tests of the aviation complex under study.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Russian Version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES)
Authors: Klimanova S.G. , Trusova A.V. , Kiselev A.S. , Berntsev V.A. , Gromyko D.I. , Ilyuk R.D. , Krupitsky E.M.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of adaptation of the Russian version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES, ver. 8A, 8D). For the purpose of the study 322 patients were recruited, who were undergoing inpatient and/or outpatient treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (N=201) or Polysubstance Use Disorder (N=121) at the Department of Addictions at V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology (St. Petersburg, Russia). The study procedure included translation, patients’ assessment, and statistical analysis of the scale’s factor structure as well as internal consistency. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis did not support the three-factor structure of the scale but identified one factor, which reflects patients’ general readiness for change regarding their substance use. Patients’ gender, age, and clinical characteristics didn’t significantly affect the scale’s psychometric properties.
Semantic Differential of a Life Situation
Authors: Alexandrova O.V. , Dermanova I.B.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of the development of the Semantic Differential of Life Situation (SDLS), implemented in the framework of psycho-semantic approach. The proposed method is aimed at assessing cognitive and emotional components of the subjective perception of life situation. As its main semantic axes, the following factors were identified: situation handling, emotional experience of the situation, positive expectations, ordinary and daily occurrence, resolvability, personal involvement and a belief that the situation is surmountable, energy, level of understanding. The approbation sample consists of adults who are in a conventionally normal (105 people) and difficult life situation (35 people). The results of the psychometric testing showed significant differences in their perceptive-cognitive image of the life situation, confirmed the criteria validity of the method, and discovered how some of the situation’s objective characteristics influenced the perception of the situation to a degree. The article presents the results of the development of the Semantic Differential of Life Situation (SDLS), implemented in the framework of psycho-semantic approach. The proposed method is aimed at assessing cognitive and emotional components of the subjective perception of life situation. As its main semantic axes, the following factors were identified: situation handling, emotional experience of the situation, positive expectations, ordinary and daily occurrence, resolvability, personal involvement and a belief that the situation is surmountable, energy, level of understanding. The approbation sample consists of adults who are in a conventionally normal (105 people) and difficult life situation (35 people). The results of the psychometric testing showed significant differences in their perceptive-cognitive image of the life situation, confirmed the criteria validity of the method, and discovered how some of the situation’s objective characteristics influenced the perception of the situation to a degree.
Political Accountability, Communication and Democracy: A Fictional Mediation?
Authors: GEÇER Ekmel
Published: October 2018

This
study aims to give the description of the accountability in political
communication, how it works and how it helps the addressees of the political campaigns
to understand and control the politicians. While doing this it will also
examine if accountability can help to structure a democratic public
participation and control. Benefitting from mostly theoretical debates, the
article (a) to give insights of the ways political elites use to communicate
with the voters (b) how they deal with accountability, (c) to learn their
methods of propaganda, (d) and how they structure their personal images? The
theoretical background at the end suggests that the politician, particularly in
the Turkish context, may sometimes apply artificial (unnatural) communication
methods, exaggeration and desire sensational narrative in the media to keep the
charisma of the leader and that the accountability and democratic perspective
is something to be ignored if the support is increasing.
Kamuoyu Araştırmalarında Tutarlılık Sorunsalı: 2010-2018 Dönemi Kamuoyu Araştırmaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: GÖKSU Oğuz
Published: October 2018

Seçimlere yönelik bazı kamuoyu araştırmaları ile seçim sonuçları arasında çok ciddi farklar olması vatandaşların kamuoyu araştırmalarının güvenilirliğini sorgulamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2010 sonrasında yapılan seçimlere yönelik kamuoyu araştırmaları ile bu araştırmaların medyayla ve siyasal katılmayla ilişkisi sorgulanmaktadır. Çalışmada, son dokuz seçimde 18 farklı kamuoyu araştırma şirketinin açıkladığı araştırma sonuçları ile kesin seçim sonuçları karşılaştırılmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak seçimlere yönelik kamuoyu araştırmalarının siyasal süreçlerde güvenin inşa edilmesindeki ya da zedelenmesindeki rolü siyasal katılma üzerinden irdelenmektedir. Diğer yandan 18 farklı kamuoyu araştırma şirketinin son dokuz seçimde açıkladığı araştırma sonuçları ile seçim sonuçları arasındaki oransal benzerlikler ve farklılıklar tespit edilerek araştırmaların tutarlılığı sınanmaktadır. Kamuoyu araştırma sonuçlarına ulaşmak için retrospektif arşiv tarama tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ORC, KONDA, Metropoll ve A&G’nin araştırmalarındaki birkaç büyük orandaki hatalı sonuçlar çıkarıldığında bu şirketlerin %2-3 hata payı ile seçim sonuçlarına yakın araştırma sonuçları yayınladığı tespit edilmiştir. 24 Haziran 2018 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimi’nde 13 şirketin tamamının Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın oy oranını kesin seçim sonuçlarından düşük gösterdiği saptanmıştır.