bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) on Firm Performance: A Literature Review
Authors: Tuan Pham Dinh , Cuong Nguyen Thanh , Anh Doan Ngoc Phi
Published: October 2022

Management accounting information plays a very important role for managers in the decisionmaking process, providing quality information to control operations, using resources, and supporting managers in planning, and controlling to improve the efficiency of business operations in the contemporary world. The number of researches on Management Accounting Practices (MAPs) in recent years has been increasing and focusing on the factors that have an effect on MAPs and analysis of the relationship between MAPs and firm performance. According to various researches, MAPs have an impact on serious business operations and enhance firm performance. However, there is still limited empirical evidence to support the relationship between management accounting and firm performance. The results show the fact that there are conflicts and inconsistencies in the correlation between MAPs and firm performance. The majority of research showed a positive relationship, while others exposed no relationship or negative one. The paper aims to debate with the literature review of analyzing the relationship between MAPs and firm performance. Furthermore, performance measurement is also indicated to clarify the analysis content.
RESEARCH NOTE: Contribution of Prof. Robert Sterling’s Scholars Book Co. Toward Preserving Accounting Knowledge
Authors: Adeem Khalid Al-
Published: October 2022

The primary purpose of this short article is to present a list of publications by Scholars Book Co. that Prof. Robert Sterling established. The books and monographs are of two types. While some were being published for the first time and were original, others have been previously published. The contribution of previously published books in accounting is wellknown. With the closure of Scholars Book Co., it is imperative that the 32 books that the publishing house printed should be preserved for accounting students and researchers.
Evaluation of Gunshot Wounds to the Extremities: Correlation of Red Cross Wound Score and Initial Response to Management
Authors: Adaiyi Obene Tonye , Victor  Abhulimen , Richard  Echem
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Gunshot wounds to the extremities are a major cause of death and disability. The Red Cross Wound Score (RCWS) is a simple classification system that is thought to fairly assess severity of injury, influence surgical management and a good predictor of outcome in gunshot wounds. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the Red Cross Wound Score RCWS and initial response to management.

Methodology: This was a prospective study recruiting all consenting patients who suffered gunshot wounds to any extremity and presented at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). The study was conducted over a 12-month period between October 2018 and September 2019. Data on demographics, anatomical region of the body involved, type of gun time between injury and hospital presentation were obtained using a proforma. Analysis of extracted data was done by the aid of SPSS for Windows version 20.

Findings: A total of 106 wounds from 82 patients were analyzed; seventy males (85.4%) and 12 females. AK 47 rifles and locally fabricated pistols were the wounding weapons in 32.9% and the left leg (28.3%) was the most injured extremity. Fifty-two wounds (49%) were grade 3, 44 (41.5%) wounds grade 2 and 10 wounds (9.4%) grade 1. There was a positive association between RCWS grade 3 wounds and limb length discrepancy and joint stiffness. Vascular injuries were seen in 6 patients (0.07%). Wound infection (46.2%), joint stiffness (41.5%) and shortening (34%) were the common complications in the study. The study showed that young adult males suffered more gunshot wounds than females. Most of the wounds were RCWS grade 3 and there was a positive association between RCWS grade 3 wounds and limb length discrepancy and joint stiffness. Patients with longer mean presentation time had a higher infection rate.

Recommendations: The Red Cross wound classification should be adopted as a useful scoring system. Also, patients with gunshot injuries should present earlier to the hospital to reduce complications.
Dynamics of Corporate Entrepreneurial Initiatives: A Literature Review
Authors: Adim Chidiebere Victor , Poi Godwin
Published: October 2022

The competitive landscape in many industries today is marked by intense competition among existing players and the emergence of many focused competitors targeting specific segments of the market. In addition, the macro environment is characterized by rapid technological progress in many fields resulting in current solutions to customer problems becoming obsolete. These changes have highlighted the need for companies to become more entrepreneurial. Institutionalizing entrepreneurship, therefore, is a major challenge for the companies in the current competitive scenario. This study examined the dynamics of corporate entrepreneurship. From the review of extant literature, it was indicated that there was improved firm performance which was linked to corporate entrepreneurship. For companies that initiated actions to which competitors responded to, the firms had a tendency to be ahead of other competitors in introducing novel ideas or products and the companies strived in identifying new markets to sell products. Also, risk taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness and organizational factors were key determinants of firm performance. It is recommended that empirical studies should be carried out using various criterion variables within different industrial sectors in Nigeria so as to test the validity of the concepts reviewed in this paper.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF ACECLOFENAC USING NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: Rathore Divya , Jain Vikas , Gehlod Narendra
Published: October 2022

On contact with saliva, FDTs (Fast dissolving tablets) which are designed to disintegrate rapidly, enables tremendous oral administration without contact with water. Also chewing these formulations produces an increased convenience and ease of administration with a significant potential efficacy to improve the patient compliance, predominantly in certain populations who were facing difficulties for swallowing the conventional solid oral dosage forms. In our present study, the effect of a natural superdisintegrant namely, Fenugreek and some synthetic superdisintegrants such as SSG (Sodium Starch Glycolate), MCC (Micro Crystalline Cellulose), CP (Cross Povidone) and CCS (Cross Carmaellose sodium) were employed for this study to produce the formulations of FDTs. By direct compression method, FDTs of Aceclofenac were prepared and evaluated as per IP standards. From our study it was confirmed that Fenugreek showed excellent swelling index than the synthetic superdisintegrants. Hence the present study reveals that this natural superdisintegrants showed significant disintegration.
Development and Validation of Assay Method for Determination of Quetiapine Fumarate by RP-HPLC from Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Garhewal Nikita , Dubey Archana , Dubey P.K
Published: October 2022

A simple, sensitive, rapid, robust and reproducible method for the determination of Quetiapine fumarate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation (Tablets) was developed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC). The RP-HPLC analysis was performed The analyte was monitored with UV detector at 290nm. The developed method Quetiapine fumarate elutes at a run time of 10 min. The proposed method is having linearity in the concentration range from 40 to 80 μg/mL of Quetiapine fumarate. The present method was validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery), ruggedness, and robustness. The proposed method can be readily utilized for bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulation.
Türkiye’de Engellilik ve Engellilerin Eğitimi Üzerine Bir Derleme
Authors: ARI Adnan
Published: October 2022

Bir derleme çalışması olan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de engellilik ve engellilerin eğitimi ile ilgili meydana gelen gelişmelere ve değişimlere değinmek ve ulaşılan bilgilerin bağımsız yaşam, kaynaştırma/bütünleştirme çerçevesinde tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Engellilik kavramıyla ilişkili olan zedelenme, yetersizlik ve engel kavramları örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Geçmişten günümüze engeli birey kavramı, özel eğitime muhtaç çocuklar, özel eğitim gerektiren birey, özel eğitime ihtiyacı olan birey olarak farklı şekillerde ifade edilmiştir. Engelli bireylerin devam ettikleri eğitim ortamları, kaynaştırma/bütünleştirme ortamları ve ayrı eğitim ortamları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Eğitim ortamları dışında, evde eğitim ve hastanede eğitim de ihtiyaç halinde verilmektedir. Bu eğitim ortamları kaynaştırma/bütünleştirme çerçevesinde açıklanmıştır. Engelli bireylerin eğitimi için önemli olan öğretmen eğitimi için açılan bölüm sayısı zamanla artmıştır. 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında bu sayı 36 devlet, 8 vakıf, 6 KKTC olmak üzere toplam 50 olmuştur. Bu eğitim öğretim yılında özel eğitim öğretmenliğinin olduğu devlet üniversitelerinde 2479, vakıf üniversitelerinde 404 ve KKTC üniversitelerinde 320 olmak üzere toplam 3203 kontenjan ayrılmıştır. Bu bilgiler tartışma, sonuç ve öneriler kısmında, bağımsız yaşam ve kaynaştırma/bütünleştirme çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Characteristic of food poisoning situation in Da Nang city in 2010 - 2020
Authors: Pham Thi Tuyet Mai , Nguyen Tan Hai ,   Food Safety Management Authority, Da Nang,   Food Safety Management Authority, Da Nang
Published: October 2022

 This current study was carried out to analyze the situation of food poisoning in ​​Da Nang city, provided solutions to implement, and proposed recommendations to ensure the good implementation of food hygiene and safety. The study's findings showed that food poisoning cases occurred in all 07 districts, the most concentrated in 2 districts Hai Chau, Thanh Khe. Poisoning caused by microorganisms was the leading cause (9 per 25 cases in total, 36 % of cases), natural toxins, toxins from puffer fish (4 per 25 cases in total, 16% of cases), and the reasons were unknown (12 per 25 cases, 48%). Places where were happened food poisoning cases included: food service establishments (16 per 25 cases, 64%), households (5 per 25 cases, 20%). The food that caused the highest proportion of food poisoning cases wasmixed, food poisoning cases occurred evenly throughout the years but mainly happened in summer (44%).  
Simultaneous determination of acetyl vardenafil, homosildenafil, hydroxy acetildenafil and mirodenafil by CE-C4D
Authors: Hoang Thi Lan Anh , Nguyen Thi Oanh , Dinh Thi Diu , Do Yen Nhi , Pham Gia Bach , Vu Thi Trang , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Le Thi Hong Hao ,   Falcuty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University,  Hanoi, Vietnam,   Vietnam Food Administration, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Falcuty of Environmental Science, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Falcuty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University,  Hanoi, Vietnam,   Falcuty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University,  Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Falcuty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University,  Hanoi, Vietnam,   Falcuty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University; National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Dietary supplements are currently popular because of their natural origin, especially male enhancement products. However, some of these products have been found to contain erectile dysfunction drugs that inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), leading to adverse effects on human health. In this study, capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) was used to determine four PDE-5 inhibitors (including acetyl vardenafil, homosildenafil, hydroxy acetildenafil and mirodenafil) in dietary supplement samples. The optimum analytical conditions included electrolyte solution of 20 mM arginine (Arg)/acetic acid (Ace)/acetonitrile (ACN) 20% pH 6.5, silica capillary 50 μm inner diameter with effective length of 50 cm, separation voltage of 20kV, siphoning hydrodynamic injection at a height of 25 cm for 30 s. At the optimum analytical conditions, the limits of detection of acetyl vardenafil, homosildenafil, hydroxy acetildenafil, and mirodenafil were 2.1, 1.6, 2.3, and 1.3 mg/L, respectively. The analysis of four PDE-5 inhibitors by CE-C4D also showed good repeatability (< 5 %) and recovery (> 97 %). This method was further applied to simultaneously determine the amount of acetyl vardenafil, homosildenafil, hydroxy acetildenafil, and mirodenafil in three functional products. All four PDE-5 inhibitors were not detected in these samples. To demonstrate the utility of this method, the mixture of four PDE-5 inhibitors standard solutions was added to three samples. The recovery was between 98.8 % and 100.6%, illustrating the potential applicability of the method of determining PDE-5 inhibitors in dietary supplement samples.
Survey on some food safety parameters of fresh ingredients in collective kitchens of factories and enterprises in Quang Ngai province in 2021
Authors: Dang Chinh , Huynh Thi Thu Dieu , Van Thi Dieu Linh , Mai Van Thanh , Nguyen Tien Quang , Bui Duc Nhien , Lam Thi Ni Na , Bui Thi Xuan Hue , Nguyen Thi Cam Le ,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene,   Quang Ngai Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out on raw food materials including pork, fish of all kinds and leafy vegetables at collective kitchens, industrial catering establishments at factories and enterprises. in Quang Ngai province from January to November 2021. The study aims to: determine the percentage of fresh ingredients at the collective kitchens of factories and enterprises in the area of Quang Ngai province meeting food safety criteria and study some related factors between fresh ingredients meeting food safety criteria and the origin of fresh raw materials in the study area. The results by sampling method of cross-sectional study showed that: 100% of pork met with the lean substances Salbutamol, Clenbuterol, Cimaterol by quantitative method; 13.9% fish met safety criteria for urea by quantitative method; 53.4% ​​of leafy vegetables met safety criteria for pesticides by qualitative method.
New realtime PCR method development for detection and quantification of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Dang Thi Huong , Tran Hong Ba , Le Thanh Long , Nguyen Van Cuong , Ninh Thi Hanh , Nguyen Thanh Trung , Le Thi Hong Hao , Nguyen Thi Xuan Huong ,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Bacillus subtilis is a widely used bacterial strain in probiotic production. The strains belong to this species are endosporogenic, tolerant to acidic pH conditions in the stomach, and many have been shown to produce enzymes that aid in food digestion and inhibit pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a detection and qualitification method was developed based on amplification of aprE gene ultilising realtime PCR. The aprE target gene encodes subtilisin toxin precursor and is a highly conservative and specific gene of B. subtilis. The method yielded high sensitivity with LOD is 102 (CFU/mL), LOQ is 102 (CFU/mL), specificity, and accuracy are both 100%. The preparatory tools were constructed using cycle threshold (Ct) compare with B. subtilis concentration, which showed linear correlation (R2 = 1, slope = - 3.584).
Research on the status of contamination of some foods through hazard monitoring in Nam Dinh province from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Le Loi , Vu Thuy Linh ,   Nam Dinh Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Nam Dinh, Vietnam,   Nam Dinh Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Nam Dinh, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

The recall descriptive study was implemented in the period 2017-2021 of 5,696 food samples (about 1,139 samples/year) in the Nam Dinh Provincial Department of Food Safety and Hygiene. The ratios of microbiology and physicochemical parameters which do not meet the regulation were 4.46% and 3.54%, respectively. Meat and its products were microbiology contaminated at the highest ratio of 8.4%, followed by vegetables and their products were 4.09%, cereals and their products were 3.5%, and non-alcoholic beverages were 2.27%. The main causes of microbiology contamination were Coliform at 4.97%, E. coli at 3.69%, and Pseudomonas at 4.62%. The physicochemical contaminations in meat products were mainly borax at 8.64 %, and the rancidity in frying oil was 19.5 %. Ensuring food safety in recent years has seen positive changes; the ratio of contamination in food surveillance in hazard monitoring in the period 2017-2021 sharply decreased compared to the previous period.
Isolation and characterization of dominant acetic acid bacteria isolated from Kombucha tea
Authors: Dinh Thi Ngoc Mai , Nguyen Ha Van , Tran Huu Phong , Nguyen Thanh Trung , Nguyen Kim Nu Thao , Nguyen Hong Minh ,   Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National Institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Faculty of Biology, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Kombucha beverage is a traditional and popular natural fermented beverage consumed across the globe. Kombucha beverage is produced by fermenting sweetened black tea, sucrose with consortium of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. It is important to understand the microbial composition in Kombucha to facilitate better control of the fermentation process. Therefore, this study characterized the dominant acetic acid bacteria in Kombucha sample. Acetic acid bacteria isolated from the Kombucha using glucose-ethanol medium. Based on morphological, biochemical characterization, and 16S rRNA gene, 14 isolated strains belong to 2 species and were identified as Komagataeibacter saccharivorans and Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. These strains showed good biofilm forming abilities. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Samonella enterica ATCC 13076, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 of isolated acetic acid bacteria strains was also determined.  
Controlling Ethylene Oxide residues in export food production at CJ Foods Vietnam Co., Ltd.
Authors: Nguyen Huong Giang , Nguyen Thi Yen Nhi , Phan Anh Viet , Nguyen Thi Hong Phuc ,   CJ Foods Vietnam Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam,   CJ Foods Vietnam Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam,   CJ Foods Vietnam Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam,   CJ Foods Vietnam Co., Ltd., Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Ethylene oxide (EO) is a gas used in some countries as a fungicide, bactericide, and insecticide in food. The lack of uniformity in EO regulations worldwide resulted in many products being placed on the market and used by consumers at the time the recall notice was issued, causing damage to business and consumers. Therefore, it is very important for enterprises to implement risk-based assessment and management. This report provides control method and analysis results of EO residue testing data in raw materials at CJ Foods Vietnam during the period from August 2021 to the end of July 2022. Since then, recommendations for Vietnamese regulations and businesses in controlling EO have been made.  
Surveying the levels of mold and aflatoxin in maize and peanut in some households in Ea H’Leo, Cu M’Gra, Krong Pac districts in Daklak province in 2016
Authors: Nguyen Vu Thuan , Dang Oanh , Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai , Dang Thi Khuyen ,   Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dak Lak, Vietnam,   Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dak Lak, Vietnam,   Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dak Lak, Vietnam,   Tay Nguyen Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dak Lak, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Agricultural products are contaminated with mold and aflatoxin, which not only reduces the value of agricultural products but also affects the health of people and animals when using such agricultural products. The survey was conducted on 150 samples (maize, peanut) in several households in Ea H'leo, Cu M'Gar, Krong Pac - Dak Lak districts, by the method of identifying mold Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and Aspergillus parasiticus (A. parasiticus) according to 52 TCN-TQTP 0001:2003 and 52 TCN-TQTP 0009:2004 and aflatoxin quantification according to TCVN 7596 - 2007. The results showed that among 150 samples (maize, peanut) in the analysis, there were (48.7%) samples contaminated with mold exceeding the allowable level, for maize (56.6%), peanuts (33.3%). There was the presence of A. flavus in maize sample (14.1%) and peanut samples (11.8%), and A. parasiticus was not found in the samples. While, the prevalence of AF contamination in agricultural products (maize, peanuts) accounted for (12.7%). In which, the rate of AF contamination in maize samples was 17.2%, contaminated rate of peanut samples was 3.9%; Aflatoxin contaminated samples exceeded the allowable limit for maize was 14.1% and this rate of peanut sample was 3.9%.    
Development of GC-MS for determination of benzene content in food products containing benzoate salts and ascorbic acid
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Thuong , Le Thi Thuy , Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao , Vu Ngan Binh , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Tran Cao Son , Vu Thi Trang ,   National institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam,   University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam,   National institute for Food Control, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Food products containing simultaneously benzoate salts and ascorbic acid have a risk of benzene formation. This study has developed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method GC-MS to determine the benzene content in foods containing benzoate salts and ascorbic acid simultaneously. The analyte sample was distilled to recover benzene and analyzed on GC-MS using a purge and trap injector, the analysis was controlled by benzened6 internal standard. The method has been validated for the parameters specified by AOAC. The method detection limit was 0.05 µg/kg, the method quantification limit was 0.15 µg/kg, the recovery ranged from 86.6 to 110.9%, Repeatability, RSDr in the range of 4.0 - 7.2%. The method has been applied to analyze the benzene content in 120 food samples including: soft drinks, fruit nectar, chili sauce and jam. Results of detecting benzene in 33 samples out of 120 surveyed samples, benzene content ranged from 0 to 109.7 µg/kg.  
Research and application of direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80) quickly determination of total mercury contents in dietary supplements
Authors: Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Nguyen Thi Trang , Dinh Viet Chien , Tran Hoang Giang , Lu Thi Minh Hien , Nguyen Minh Chau ,   Viet Nam University of Traditional Medicine, Ha Noi, Viet Nam,   Viet Nam University of Traditional Medicine, Ha Noi, Viet Nam,   National Institute for Food Control, Ha Noi, Viet Nam,   National Institute for Food Control, Ha Noi, Viet Nam,   National Institute for Food Control, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Published: October 2022

The Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA-80) was studied and investigated to quickly and accurately determine the total mercury content in health supplements. The method shows high specificity, and the calibration curve has a good correlation coefficient with R2 greater than 0.995; the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.88 µg/kg and 6.26 µg/kg, respectively; The relative repeatability standard deviation (RSRr) was in the range of 2.46 - 7.34% and the recovery (R) was in the range of 85.7 - 100%. The method was applied to evaluate the mercury content in 39 health supplement samples taken in Hanoi city. The initial research results indicated preliminary mercury contamination in 13 health supplement products on the market in the range of 5.41 - 450 µg/kg.  
Development of analytical method for simultaneous detection of 1-[(2- chlorophenyl) methyllimino methyl] cyclopentanol hydroclorid (CCM) and 2- Hydroxy-2- (o-chloro phenyl) cyclohexanon (HCH), two precursors of ketamine, in wastewater by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Tong Thi Thanh Vuong , Truong Manh Cuong , Nguyen Xuan Truong , Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh , Dang Thi Ngoc Lan , Pham Thi Thanh Ha , Tran Nguyen Ha , Vu Ngan Binh ,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Public Security, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam,   Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Ketamin is a pharmaceutical compound that is abused as a narcotic drug, causing health problems for users. In controlling ketamine abuse, the detection of ketamine precursors can be a useful tool for tracing illegal ketamine production sites. In this study, an analytical method for determination of two ketamine precursors, 1-[(2-chlorophenyl) methyllimino methyl] cyclopentanol hydroclorid (CCM) and 2-Hydroxy-2- (o-chloro phenyl) cyclohexanon (HCH), in wastewater using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatogrphy tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. An LC-MS/MS system employing a Zorbax C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm, 1.8 µm) and a mobile phase composing acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% (m/v) of formic acid in a gradient program at the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and injection volume of 5 µL. The detection of analytes was done with electrospray ionization at positive mode (ESI+) employing multi reaction monitoring (MRM) at m/z of 238.5 and 225.5 for for CCM and HCH, respectively. The method was validated according to requirements of AOAC International and EC and was proved as reliable for intended use.  
Sreening of synthetic pharmaceutical drugs: PDE5 inhibitors, pain release, slimming groups in health supplements with LC-MS/MS
Authors: Nguyen Trong Linh , Cao Huu Nghia , Chau Vinh Thi ,   Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,   Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, there were many reports from Viet nam & international laboratories have detected many kinds of undeclared synthesis drugs, even of banned-chemicals in health supplement products (HSP). We developed methods on LC-MS/MS to detect synthesis pharmaceutical drugs in following groups of HSP: strengthen sexual for man group: sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil; Anti- arthritis group: Dexamethasone, Prednisolon, Betamethasone, Piroxicam; Slimming group: Sibutramin, Orlistate, Phenophtalein, Furosemid. We carried out method validation of specificities & limit of dectections of above drugs on mass spectrometer system of Triple Quad SCiex 55000, analysis 80 samples of each group HSP were collected from 4 provinces: Dong nai, Binh Duong, Ba Ria- Vung Tau, Binh Phuoc in 2020. We validated fragment transition & LOD of each drugs: Sidenafil (mz 475.2 → 100.2/ 283.2), LOD: 0.015ppm;Tadanafil (mz 390.1 → 268.1/262.1) LOD: 0.015 ppm; Vadernafil (mz 483.9 → 312.3/299.2), LOD: 0.07ppm; Prednisolon (mz 361 → 147/343.3), LOD: 0.075ppm; Dexamethason (mz 393.2 → 373.1/293.1); LOD: 0.02 ppm; Betamethason (mz 393.1 → 147.1/355.2)LOD: 0.075 ppm; Piroxicam (mz 330 → 266.2/146.1); LOD: 0.015 ppm; Sibutramin (mz 280.9 → 139/125.2), LOD: 0.75 ppm; Orlistate (mz 496. → 179,2/ 114.1), LOD: 1 ppm; Phenophtalein (mz 319,2 → 141.1/283.2), LOD: 0.01 ppm; Furosemid (mz 329.2 → 285/204), LOD: 0.01 ppm. Screenning results: Sidenafil nondetected/80 samples; Tadalafil positive 10/80 samples, Vadernafil nondetected/80 samples in man sexual enhancement HSP; Prednisonlon nondetected /80 samples, Dexamethason nondetected /80 samples; Betamethason positive 1/80 samples, Piroxicam nondetected /80 samples in anti-arthritis HSP. Sibutramin & Phenolphtalein positive 7/80 samples, Orlistate nondetected/80 samples, Furosemid nondetected/80 samples in slimming HSP.
Outcome of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Severe Corona Virus Disease of 2019 Patients; A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tahir Roshaan , Adnan Manzar  , Ammarah Mehmood  , Umer Mehmood  , Aitzaz Khan
Published: October 2022

Objective: To determine the Outcome of non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 4th June to 30th Dec 2021. This study included 87 patients between the ages of 45 and 75 who were admitted due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) infection.Infection was confirmed by SARS-COV-2 PCR (polymerase Chain reaction). These patients were symptomatic with radiological evidence consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) trial. The primary outcome was to analyze the success and failure of using NIV, the need for invasive ventilation, as well as the mortality rate. SPSS 21 was used to enter and analyze the data.
Results: The mean age was 62.89 Â±7.55 years. There were 65(74.7%) males and 22(25.3%) females. NIV was successful in 33 (37.9%) patients, while 54 (62.1%) patients required endotracheal intubation (invasive ventilation). Out of these 54 patients, 44 (81.4%) died after intubation. The mean duration of NIV support was observed as 6.2 Â± 3.9 days.
Conclusion: NIV can prevent intubation in less than half of the patients, according to our findings.
Ulinganishi wa Matatizo Ya Kijamii Yanayowakumba Majagina Katika Tendi Za Mikidadi Na Mayasa Na Kalevala
Authors: Mwangi Jackson Ndung’u , Nabea Prof. Wendo , Wandera Dkt. Sheila
Published: October 2022

Uwepo wa tendi katika maeneo ya Afrika umezua mjadala na mgogoro mkali mno katika jamii ya usomi. Hii ni kutokana na rai kuwa wasomi na watafiti wengi kutoka maeneo ya Kimagharibi walidai kuwa Afrika hakuna tendi ila kinachodaiwa kuitwa tendi ni masimulizi ya kisifo tu. Wahakiki wengine wamezifutilia mbali tendi hizi kwa kudai kuwa maudhui yake ni ya kichawi na sihiri. Pia, vigezo vya kuainisha tendi vilivyotumiwa na wanazuwa Kimagharibi vilikuwa vya kimaeneo na kimakusudi, walidhalilisha tendi za Kiafrika. Licha ya kuwa kuliibuka watafiti wa Kiafrika na kudai kuwa Afrika kuna tendi, wao pia walielekea kutumia vigezo ambavyo ni vya kimaeneo. Ili kujaribu kutatua mzozo na utata uliopo kuhusu uwepo wa tendi katika maeneo ya Kiafrika, utafiti

huu ulinuia kuchunguza iwapo kuna uwiano wa matatizo ya kijamii yanayowakumba majagina baina ya tendi zamaeneo haya mawili. Madhumuni makuu yalikuwa kutathmini iwapo kuna uwiano wa matatizo ya kijamii yanayowakumba majagina

baina ya tendi za Kiafrika na zile za Kimagharibi licha ya tendi za Kiafrika kufutiliwa mbali na baadhi ya wasomi wa Kimagharibi. Mtafiti alinua kutafiti tendi mbili ambazo ni Utendi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa unaopatikana Afrika na Utendi wa Kalevala

unaopatikana Finland katika maeneo ya Kimagharibi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ruwaza ya Shujaa iliyoasisiwa Joseph Campbell (1987). Utafiti huu ni wa muundo wa kiudhamano na mahali pa utafiti palikuwa ni katika Maktaba. Inatarajiwa kuwa utafiti huu utakuwa mchango mkubwa kwa jamii ya wasomi hasa wanaoshughulikia fasihi linganishi na utajaribu kutatua ubishi

ulioko kuhusu tendi za maeneo mbalimbali.
Attitude Factors Affecting Students’ Use of Short Stories in the Learning of Kiswahili Grammar in Secondary Schools in Nandi NorthSub-County, Kenya
Authors: Lihanda Milton Kigaro , Githinji Damaris Gakii
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish learners' attitude towards the use of short stories in Kiswahiligrammar learning in Secondary Schools in the Nandi North Sub County. A descriptive survey design wasadopted for this study. The target study population was 2326 form four students. Simple and stratified random sampling was done to arrive at 10% of the target population. 240 (n=240) secondary school students participated as respondents from public secondary schools in Nandi North Sub-County. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistical methods like frequencies, means and percentages were used to analyse the data. The research found out that students' attitude towards the use of short stories in learning Kiswahili grammar was positive though they argued that time allocated for Kiswahili lessons was short thus hampering

the use of the integrative method in the teaching and learning of Kiswahili grammar. Based on the findings, the study provides an insight into the use of short stories for effective Kiswahili grammar skill learning by Kiswahili grammar learners embracing the use of the integrated approach in daily classroom interaction as pointed out in the annual Kenya National Examination Reports over the past years.
Uchambuzi wa Maudhui katika Matangazo ya Ngono-Salama kwenye Ukurasa wa Shabiki wa Durex Facebook
Authors: Nkumbo Douglas , Simwa Sheila Wandera-P , Onyango , James Ogola ,
Published: October 2022

Usomi huu ulinuia kuchanganua matangazo ya ngono salama katika mtandao wa Facebook wa Durex. Utafiti

huu ulihusu mada ambazo ni mwiko katika jamii kwa kuangazia matangazo ya ngono salama. Madhumuni ya

utafiti ni kubainisha na kuchanganua maudhui ambayo yanasisitizwa katika matangazo ya Durex katika mtandaowa Fa

cebook, kudhihirisha uhalalishaji wa matangazo ya ngono salama ili kuwashawishi wateja wengi kununua

na kutumia bidhaa zao. Utafiti huu ulitumia Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi hasa kwa kuzingatia muundo

wa Fairclough wa 3D na muundo wa Kress Van Leuuwan wa Isimu ya picha.Muundo wa utafiti huu ni wa

kiuthamano na kimaelezo. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutazama na kusakura matangazo ya Durex katika mtandao wa

Durex. Sampuli ya data ilifanywa kimakusudi kisha ilihifadhiwa kieletroniki ili kuafikia malengo ya utafiti huu,ambapo matini za picha mia moja hamsini (150) zilichaguliwa na kuchanganuliwa. Matokeo ya Utafiti huu yanadhirisha kwamba maudhui yanayosisitizwa ni hisi za raha bila kuweka wazi ashiki za ngono, durex wanatumia mbinu ya uhalalishaji wa matangazo yao ili kushawishi wateja. Utafiti huu utawafaa wasomi wa isimujamii hasa katika mawasiliano ya afya. Pia usomii huu utasaidia kuziba pengo la changamoto ya kimawasiliano ya mada ambazo ni mwiko kwa wanaondaa matangazo ya ngono salama katika jamii ili

matangazo ya ngono salama yaandiliwe ambayo yanakukubalika na jamii nyingi. Hatimaye matokeo ya utafiti

yatasaidia wanaoandaa mitalaa ya elimu ili kuhusisha na kuhamasisha umma kuhusu elimu ya ngono salama kwa

kutumia mitandao ya kijamii.
Usawiri wa Ukombozi katika Diwani yaEuphrase Kezilahabiya Kichomi: Mtazamo wa Kidhanaishi
Authors: Poy Chibayi Jason , Simwa Dkt. Sheila Pamela Wandera
Published: October 2022

Makala hii inakusudia kuonyesha namna ukombozi ulivyosawiriwa kama sehemu ya falsafa ya Euphrase Kezilahabi katika diwani

yake ya Kichomi.Euphrase Kezilahabi ni mwandishi nguli wa mashairi aliyeasi magwanda ya umapokeo. Mojawapo wa sifa bainishi ya falsafa ya Kezilahabi ni ukombozi, ambayo huifanya kuwa falsafa ya uhuru yenye tafsiri nyingi ambazo ndizo msingi wa makala hii. Tahakiki nyingi kuhusu diwani hii imeshughulikia falsafa ya maisha ya Kezilahabi pasipo kuangazia usawiri wa ukombozi kama sifa bainishi ya mhimili wa uhuru. Makala hii itafafanua usawiri wa ukombozi huu kwa kutumia nadharia ya Udhanaishi

iliyoasisiwa na Jean Paul Satre(1970). Sampuli ya makala hii iliteuliwa kimaksudi. Data ya kimsingi itakusanywa kwa njia ya kusoma mashairi katika diwani teule na makala mengine yanayohusiana nayo. Makala hii itachukua muundo wa kimaelezo na dataitakayokusanywa itafafanuliwa kwa njia ya maelezo kwa kuegemeza kwenye mhimili wa uhuru wa nadharia ya Udhanaishi. Uchanganuzi wa data wa makala hii utaongozwa na mbinu ya uhakiki matini. Kwa kuwa diwani za mashairi ya Kezilahabi zimekuwa taaluma ya mijadala mipana, makala hii itakuwa mchango mkubwa kwa mijadala hiyo. Itawasaidia wanataaluma ya ushairi kuelewa namna Kezilahabi anavyousawiri ukombozi wa binadamu kwenye mashairi ya diwani ya Kichomi.
Jinsi Vipengele vya Kitamaduni katika Matini Teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin Vilivyochangia Mtafsiri Kuiandika Upya Bukuit Ne Tilil
Authors: Singoe Jane Jepkoech , Mohamed Mwanakombo , Kandagor Mosol
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria kuchunguza jinsi vipengele vya kitamaduni katika matini teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin vilivyochangia mtafsiri kuiandika upya Bukuit ne Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo

ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu,ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubai

ni kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri.Aidha, tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet

na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithali katika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: utamaduni wa Waswahili na wa Wakalenjin ni tofauti na hii ilipelekea uandishi upya ufanywe katika tafsiri. Utafiti unapendekeza yafuatayo: Sera za elimu kuhusu lugha za kienyeji zinafaa kutilia maanani tafsiri ya matini za kufundishia.
Mbinu za Lugha Zinazotumiwa katika Matangazo ya Biashara ya Kampuni ya Safaricom.
Authors: Maithya Jane Kanini , Wendo Prof. Nabea , Onyango Prof. James Ogola
Published: October 2022

Matangazo ya biashara hunuiwa kuwajuvya wateja kuhusu kuwepo kwa bidhaa za kampuni mbalimbali na kuwahimiza wanunue bidhaa hizo. Vahid na Esmae’li(2012) wanasema kuwa licha ya kutimiza lengo hilo,matangazo hayo vilevile hunuiwa kuchekesha, kupotosha au kuwadanganya wateja ili wavutiwe na bidhaa inayotangazwa. Hayo hutekelezwa kupitia kwa lugha inayotumiwa. Waundaji huteua mbinu za lugha zilizo na uwezo wa kuwafanya wateja watamani kununua bidhaa hata ikiwa hawazihitaji. Utafiti huu unachunguza mbinu za lugha zinazotumiwa katika matangazo ya biashara ya Kampuni ya Safaricom. Ni kampuni maarufu

ya mawasiliano nchini Kenya inayotoa huduma mbalimbali za mawasiliano kama vile uuzaji wa aina mbalimbali za rununu, huduma za intaneti, M-pesa, M-shwari na kadhalika.Kampuni hiyo hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazoundwa kwa

ubunifu mwingi kwa nia ya kuvuta nadhari ya wateja wake. Ingawa kuna tafiti mbalimbali zimefanywa kuhusu Kampuni ya Safaricom, hakuna utafiti umechunguza na kuzieleza mbinu hizo kwa kina, pengo ambalo limezibwa na utafiti huu. Data katika makala haya ilipatikana kutoka kwa mtandao wa intaneti ambapo mtafiti alipakua matangazo ya Safaricom aina ya picha na video. Alizitumia kutoa mifano ya mbinu mbalimbali zinazotumiwa kwenye kwenye matangazo hayo. Utafiti ulibainisha kuwa waundaji wa matangazo ya Safaricom hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zinazoundwa kwa ubunifu wa hali ya juu kwa

nia ya kuwajuvya wateja kuhusu kuwepo kwa bidhaa na huduma zao na vilevile kuwavutia wazinunue.
Mikondo Mipya katika Utunzi wa Mashairi: Mifano Kutoka ‘Sokomoko’na ‘UshairiWenu’Katika Gazeti la Taifa Leo
Authors: Salyne Nyongesa , Simwa Sheila Wandera- , Nabea Wendo
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu unachunguza mikondo mipya katika mashairi yanayochapishwa katika gazeti la Taifa Leo, kumbi ya Ushairi Wenu

na Sokomoko, katika kipindi cha Januari 1, 2018 hadi Agosti 31, 2019. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya kimtindo ya Leech na Short (2007) ili kuafikia lengo letu. Mihimili mitatu ya nadharia hii ilitumiwa ili kufanikisha lengo la mtafiti, nayo ni: Fasihi ni muundo wa

lugha na kwa hivyo lazima matumizi ya lugha yazingatiwe, uhakiki wa kifasihi haupaswi kupuuza matumizi ya vipengele vya isimu lugha ikiwemo. Data iliyotumiwa katika utafiti ilikusanywa maktabani na mitandaoni kupitia usomaji wa tasnifu, vitabu, majarida

na magazeti. Uteuzi sampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa kuteua mashairi yaliyosheheni upya katika mikondo.Uchanganuzi na uwasilishaji wa data ulifanywa kupitia kwa maelezo.Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kwamba,mashairi ya ushairi wenu na sokomoko yanasheheni mikondo mipya ya utunzi ikiwemo: Matumizi ya Sheng’,usimulizi na kuwepo kwa mianzo ya kifomula. Mashairi yaliyotumika yalitolewa katika kumbi za Sokomoko na Ushairi Wenu ambazo ni kumbi zinazochapisha mashairi ya watunzi mbalimbali katika gazeti la Taifa Leo.Matokeo ya utafiti yalionesha namna mikondo mipya ya utunzi inaendelea kuibuliwa na watunzi wa mashairi kila uchao. Mashairi yaliyotumika hapa hata hivyo, ni yale ya kiarudhi pekee kwani ndiyo yachapishwayo katika gazeti la Taifa Leo.Makala haya yatakuwa ya manufaa kwa walimu wa Kiswahili, wanafunzi na watafiti wengine wanaotafitia suala la upya katika utunzi wa mashairi.
Tathmini Ya Kipengele Cha Taashira Za Wahusika Katika Tamthilia Ya Kimani Njogu: Mfano Wa Zilizala
Authors: Waithiru Antony Kago , Onyango Prof. James Ogola , Nabea Prof. Wendo
Published: October 2022

Kazi hii inatathmini kipengele cha taashira za wahusika katika tamthilia ya Kimani Njogu.Katika baadhi ya

kazi za kifasihi, aghalabu taashira hutumika kama mbinu ya kusana mambo yanayoathiri kitovu cha jamii au

yanayoashiria viongozi wa kiimla, wafisadi, wakabila na wenye ubinafsi, na hata uongozi kwa jumla. Kazi hii ni zao la utafiti ulionuia kuchunguza vipengele vya taashira katika tamthilia ya Zilizala. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili; nadharia ya baada ya ukoloni na nadharia ya umitindo. Katika tamthilia ya Zilizala ya Kimani Njogu, inadhihirika kuwa mwandishi ametumia wahusika kitaashira ili kuwasilisha fasili tofauti tofauti za dhana moja. Waandishi wa tamthilia za baada ya 2000 wametumia mbinu ya taashira kama njia ya kuwasilisha ujumbe unaohusu uongozi, maadili, siasa na uchumi bila kutaja majina ya wahusika halisi au hata mataifa halisi. Mbinu hii imetumiwa kuwadhihirishia wanajamii mbinu zinazotumiwa na watawala halisi kutawala watawaliwa kupitia vikaragosi vyao, ambavyo ndivyo huchaguliwa na watawaliwa. Aidha,mbinu hii imetumiwa kuashiria jinsi viongozi wengi wanavyothibitiwa na wakoloni kutawala mataifa fukara ya Kiafrika. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitarajiwa kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa.
Mafumbo ya mwanamke katika mashairi teule ya Muyaka
Authors: Sheila Pamela Wandera- Simwa
Published: October 2022

Ikisiri
Azma kuu ya makala hii ni kuchanganua mafumbo ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili wa karne ya kumi na tisa katika ushairi wa Kiswahili wa kipindi hicho. Kwa kutumia mashairi teule ya Muyaka, sura ya mwanamke huyo inabainishwa. Mwandishi anaongozwa na nadharia ya uhalisia hasa mhimili wa lugha unaosisitiza kuwa lugha sharti iambatane na wakati wake ili iweze kueleweka na wasemaji wake kimuktadha na kimatumizi. Mbali na kudurusu makala muhimu maktabani, mtafiti kwa kuelekezwa, alikwenda nyanjani kuwahoji Waswahili kuhusu utamaduni wao, hususan ule wa karne ya kumi na tisa. Katika makala hii, imedhihirika wazi kwamba, picha ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili inayochorwa katika mashairi teule ya Muyaka ina misingi yake katika utamaduni wa Waswahili wa karne hiyo. Makala hii itasaidia katika kuelewesha picha ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili wa karne ya kumi na tisa kama alivyosawiriwa katika ushairi wa Kiswahili wa karne hiyo.
 
Maneno muhimu: Mafumbo, uhalisia, utamaduni, shairi.
 
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to analyse puzzles depicting the Swahili woman of the 19th century as portrayed in the Kiswahili poetry of that era. Using Muyaka’s selected poems and employing the realism theory, this research identified several puzzles through the terminologies used, that contextualiSed and depicted the Swahili Woman of the 19th Century. The researcher used both library and field research. It is clear that the image of the Swahili woman as portrayed in the puzzles of the selected poems of Muyaka emanates from the Swahili culture of the 19th Century. This paper gives a clear understanding of the Swahili woman as portrayed in the Kiswahili poetry of the 19th Century.
 
Key terms: Puzzles, Realism, Culture, Poem.
Ukombozi wa mwanamke kiuchumi katika tamthilia za Kigogo na Chema Chajiuza
Authors: Wandera-Simwa S. Pamela Peter M. Kamau;
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu umejihusisha na jinsi wanawake wanavyojikomboa kiuchumi katika tamthilia za Kigogo na Chema Chajiuza. Utafiti huu umeongozwa na nadharia ya Ufeministi wa Kiafrika iliyoasisiwa na Steady. Akiangazia masuala yanayohusiana na Ufeministi wa Kiafrika. Ufeministi huu hujihusisha na masuala ya wanawake wa Kiafrika kwa kuegemea utamaduni na mapana yake. Ufeministi wa Kiafrika hung’ang’ania kujijenga upya, mawazo huria ya wanawake na kujitegemea wenyewe katika asili zao mbalimbali za kitamaduni. Mihimili ya nadharia hii ni kielelezo katika kumpa mwanamke wa Kiafrika hadhi inayomstahiki kwa kuweka mikakati inayolingana na shida zinazomkabili katika mazingira yake. Kupitia nadharia hii, suala la jinsi wanawake wanavyojikwamua kiuchumi liliangaziwa. Makala husika yalitokana na usomi wa kina. Data iliyopatika kuwa muhimu ilichanganuliwa kupitia njia ya kimaelezo. Data husika ilikusanywa moja kwa moja kutoka maktaba na mtandaoni. Maktaba lengwa ni zile za vyuo vikuu na umma. Matokeo ya utafiti huu ni mwongozo bora kwa jamii nzima hasa wanawake ambao ndio kundi lengwa kujua hatua za kiuchumi wanazochukua wenzao ili kujiweka katika mizani sawa na wanaume.
Crisis in the typological process and the language of innovation and tradition K.S. Kropf
Authors: Kropf K.S. Kropf
Published: October 2022

Viewpoints of [Crisis in the typological process and the language of innovation and tradition K.S. Kropf]
The morpholograph and the spirit of place B. Guy
Authors: Guy Ben
Published: October 2022

Viewpoints of [The morpholograph and the spirit of place B. Guy]
S. Satoh and Jokamachi-toshi Study Group (2002) Jokamachi-toshi (Japanese castle towns) T.A. Thornton
Authors: Thornton Takeshi Arthur
Published: October 2022

Review of book [S. Satoh and Jokamachi-toshi Study Group (2002) Jokamachi-toshi (Japanese castle towns) T.A. Thornton]
N. Baker and R. Holt (2004) Urban growth and the medieval church A. Simms
Authors: Simms Anngret
Published: October 2022

Review of book [N. Baker and R. Holt (2004) Urban growth and the medieval church A. Simms]