bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Argumentative Causal Relationship between Poverty and Population Growth in Sudan within the period (1980–2019) by using Vector Auto Regressive Model (VAR): دراسة جدلية العلاقة السببية بين نمو السكان والفقر في السودان خلال الفترة (1980- 2019) باستخدام نموذج الانحدار الذاتي (VAR)
Authors: Hassan Ali Osman, Ezaldeen Abdel-Rahman Hassan, Fadul Alghal Hassan Ali Osman, Ezaldeen Abdel-Rahman Hassan, Fadul Alghal
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the form of the relationship and impact that the population growth in Sudan could have increased on poverty rate. To achieve this goal, a standard model for the relationship between the two previous variables was formulated and constructed during the period 1980-2019. Descriptive Analytical method was used in theoretical side of the study and tools of econometrics in analysis was used in practical side (VAR). The study assumed existence of direct relationship having a positive impact statistically between the population growth and poverty in Sudan. A standard model of non-significant impact have been obtained, whereby, the estimation results of Vector Auto Regressive showed that, there is no mutual significant impact between the poverty and population growth during term of the study. However, this result support results of mutual causality relationship both the variables. The study has recommended the necessity of controlling the population growth by legal ways in order to addressing the sources of defection which has been presented by the population growth.
Penalty for violating the professional companies system in the Saudi system: A comparative study: جَزاء مُخَالَفَة نظام الشَّرِكات المِهَنِيَّة في النظام السعودي: دِرَاسة مُقارنة
Authors: Mahmoud Ali Moafa Mahmoud Ali Moafa
Published: August 2021

System of Professional Companies is considered one of the modern matters of concern to a large category of professionals, and due to the absence of a previous scientific study, and owing to the significance of the subject, this study aimed to demonstrate the penalty for violating the system of professional companies in legal system of Saudi Arabia (Comparative Study), between the law in the legal system of Saudi Arabia and Islamic jurisprudence The researcher followed the descriptive comparative approach, with a focus on the penalty for violating the provisions of the system of professional companies, as it is in fact in the system approved by the Saudi government and comparing it with Islamic jurisprudence to demonstrate its compatibility with Islamic law (Islamic Sharia). The study concluded that in defining the penalty we find that it includes, in the system of professional companies, for a worldly penalty, in contrast to Islamic jurisprudence, which has arranged for a worldly penalty and a hereafter penalty, and that the system of professional companies, in imposing a financial fine on the violator, is consistent with the doctrine of the majority of jurists. The study recommended severe proposals including: The legislator shall stipulate the penalty for not obtaining coverage insurance and the legislator must take care of the community’s conditions and what is appropriate for its interests.
The Impact of Occupational Health and Safety on Organizational Commitment at Sugar Companies Factories in Sudan: أثر السلامة والصحة المهنية على الالتزام التنظيمي في مصانع شركات السكر/ السودان
Authors: Farah Yasin Farah Abdelkhair, Hamid Altaib Mohammed, Mamoun Farah Yasin Farah Abdelkhair, Hamid Altaib Mohammed, Mamoun
Published: August 2021

The study presented a problem related to knowing the impact of occupational safety and health on organizational commitment in sugar companies’ factories in Sudan, as it aimed to verify the impact of occupational safety and health on organizational commitment. The study followed the descriptive and analytical approach, in which a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a random sample of (256) employees in (3) factories of sugar companies in Sudan (Sinnar, White Nile, and Kenana). The most important findings of the study were: that the practices of occupational safety and health and organizational commitment were characterized by an increase with arithmetic averages of 3,883 and 4,041, respectively; the results of the study also showed a statistically significant impact of occupational safety and health on organizational commitment (continuity commitment, emotional commitment, and normative commitment). Finally, the study presented a set of recommendations to support decision-makers in the sugar industry and in sugar companies' factories in Sudan to build and enhance occupational safety and health as a catalyst for organizational commitment of employees.
Effect of strains and extraction methods on β-glucan production, antioxidant properties, and FTIR Spectra from mushroom fruiting bodies of Schizophyllum commune Fr. in Thailand
Authors: Mongkontanawat N. , Thumrongchote D.
Published: August 2021

Schizophyllum commune Fr., a native mushroom of Thailand, has a high nutritional value
and is classified as a mushroom with medicinal properties that can neutralize the growth
of many cancer cells. This research aimed to study the effect of S. commune strains and
the extraction methods on the quantity and properties of β-glucan. The five S. commune
Fr. strains used in this research consisted of Chanthaburi, 85-022, 85-023, 85-031, and 85-
043. There were two different β-glucan extraction methods employed: hot water (M1) and
hot alkali extraction (M2), which were compared with the control (native-MR). The
results indicated that the Chanthaburi strain has the highest β-glucan content 49.20±0.35%
(w/w), and high potential antioxidant activity (79.14±0.77 DPPH% and 50.92±0.48
ABTS%) (p < 0.05). The extraction methods did not affect the yield of β-glucan, except
the antioxidant properties and chemical structure of the extract substance. The extract
substance from M2 has significantly the highest potential antioxidant activity
(80.22±0.51). A mushroom juice drink in cans was developed using 1-day-old MR and
adjusted pH of more than 7, which can increase the antioxidant properties of the product.
The quality properties, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values and microstructure of chicken sausage with local red beetroot powder
Authors: Swastike W. , Suryanto E. , Rusman  , Hanim C. , Jamhari  , Erwanto Y. , Jumeri
Published: August 2021

This research was aimed to determine the quality properties, the microstructure of chicken
sausage and Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values with locally Indonesia red beetroot powder.
The main ingredients of chicken sausage-making in this research were broiler chicken,
filler, binder, beetroot powder, and spices. Red beetroot powder function as a filler was
substituted tapioca starch in chicken sausage batter in three different levels. The
combination of red beetroot powder with level 0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0% of total batter and
shelf life at room temperature for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. Each treatment consisted of five
replications. The variables observed using quality properties (moisture, ash, fat, protein,
crude fiber and calorie), microstructure and peroxide value of chicken sausage. The data
of quality properties and peroxide value were analyzed by using one-way analysis
(ANOVA) of Completely Randomized Design. The differences between means were
analyzed by Duncan's New Multiple Ranges Test. The data of microstructure was
analyzed by descriptive analyses. The moisture, protein, fat and ash contents for chicken
sausages were significantly different (p<0.05). The chicken sausage with 2% substitution
of beet powder produced chicken sausages with a high protein content of 14.77±0.02%
while a low-fat content is 0.42±0.01%. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of chicken
sausages increased throughout the three days of room temperature storage (38°C).
Chicken sausage formulated with red beetroot powder showed a significantly lower TBA
value compared to the samples without red beetroot powder (p<0.05). In conclusion, a
higher level of beetroot powder will improve the quality of chicken sausage and also the
microstructure. The best level of beetroot powder addition was 2.0%. The addition of
beetroot powder able to maintain fresh sausage conditions up to 2 days of storage at room
temperature.
How can music therapy support men at a specialist treatment unit in a prison setting in Aotearoa New Zealand?
Authors: Riegelhaupt-Landreani Carlos
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to explore how the use of music therapy can support prisoners in a specialist treatment unit at a prison in Aotearoa New Zealand. The research was initially designed using action research methodology to evaluate how I, a music therapy student, can support men at a special treatment unit in a prison setting in Aotearoa New Zealand. Seven weeks into my placement a rapidly escalating response to the Covid-19 global pandemic put my placement on hold indefinitely. In response to the challenges of not being able to attend placement, the research framework was changed to exploratory research. My question evolved into a theoretical exploratory study seeking to find out how music therapy can provide support in prisons. Documentation of music therapy is scarce in the New Zealand context; thus, the exploration was guided by a broad international literature search. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes about the reviewed literature and from reflective data identified in my clinical journal. The findings provide a broad scope of understanding of how music therapy is used in prisons and three main themes were identified in the analysis. These were: the ecologies of music in prisons, practicing self-care, and awareness of theory in developing specific aims and goals. The results show that music can support prison populations in various ways depending on which context takes place; from an musicological viewpoint music facilitates the expression of cultural spheres, whereas from a medical standpoint, therapeutic approaches to music therapy provide effective rehabilitation and treatment for psychological ailments. Ample theoretical, clinical, and cultural preparation should be taken into account by therapists before embarking on any work into the prison environment.
How do music therapists use songwriting techniques and processes to facilitate self-expression with people who have eating disorders?
Authors:   , Pickard Eliza
Published: August 2021

This qualitative research explored how music therapists use songwriting to facilitate self-expression with people who have eating disorders. I employed an interpretative approach using an exploratory research method. It involved being reflexive within my songwriting processes to gain a deeper understanding of personal self-expression to inform my music therapy practice as a student. The main data source was based on literature accompanied by a personal journal and some clinical notes. An analysis of data was applied using thematic analysis to develop themes and produce findings. The findings suggested that by utilising songwriting techniques, music therapists can help people who have eating disorders developtheir identity, create a safe environment for people to express themselves, and provide opportunities for letting go of control. This project helped me to develop my songwriting and reflexive skills in a therapeutic context and to facilitate groups with people who have eating disorders. It also helped me to gain a more in-depth understanding of the various songwriting techniques and processes that music therapists use to facilitate self-expression in the context of eating disorders.
How do music therapists use songwriting techniques and processes to facilitate self-expression with people who have eating disorders?
Authors: Pickard Eliza
Published: August 2021

This qualitative research explored how music therapists use songwriting to facilitate self-expression with people who have eating disorders. I employed an interpretative approach using an exploratory research method. It involved being reflexive within my songwriting processes to gain a deeper understanding of personal self-expression to inform my music therapy practice as a student. The main data source was based on literature accompanied by a personal journal and some clinical notes. An analysis of data was applied using thematic analysis to develop themes and produce findings. The findings suggested that by utilising songwriting techniques, music therapists can help people who have eating disorders developtheir identity, create a safe environment for people to express themselves, and provide opportunities for letting go of control. This project helped me to develop my songwriting and reflexive skills in a therapeutic context and to facilitate groups with people who have eating disorders. It also helped me to gain a more in-depth understanding of the various songwriting techniques and processes that music therapists use to facilitate self-expression in the context of eating disorders.
An overview of emerging foodborne and waterborne diseases
Authors: Bartlett C. L. R.
Published: August 2021

Several foodborne and waterborne diseases have emerged in the past two decades as a consequence of changes in etiological agents, hosts and the environment. The burden of foodborne and waterborne disease is not uniformly distributed globally:because of the inequitable distribution of the world’s resources some countries carry a disproportionately heavy burden of infectious disease, and what is considered a re-emergent pathogen in one location may be endemic in another
HIV/AIDS surveillance in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Shrestha Purushottam N.
Published: August 2021

Reporting of AIDS cases began right from the inception of national AIDS programmes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. HIV surveillance was initiated with ad hoc serological surveys of selected groups of population. However, these surveys suffered from statistical bias. To minimize this bias, sentinel surveillance was introduced in two groups:patients with sexually transmitted diseases and antenatal clinic attendants. Apart from surveillance, many other population groups are being tested for HIV, mainly for case-finding. As HIV surveillance has an important role in AIDS prevention and control, adequate attention should be paid to its improvement, including the use of unlinked anonymous testing and the participation of the private sector
The use of medication in infants in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Zaki A. , Abdel Fattah M. , Bassili A. , Arafa M. , Bedwani R.
Published: August 2021

In Egypt, the determinants and rationale for drug use among infants have not been previously studied. We give an overview of the use of prescribed and non-prescribed medication over a 1-month period in infants in Alexandria, Egypt. In 89.6% of cases mothers stated that their infants had suffered some ailments which necessitated intervention; 27.5% used traditional therapies or non-prescribed medication and 72.5% sought medical advice. The non-prescribed medicines used were mainly antispasmodics and antipyretics. This study provides the first overview of the frequency of use of non-prescribed medication in infants and detected some indicators of irrational drug prescribing by physicians
Astaxanthin: The possible effects of this carotenoid on disease, inflammation and aging control. A meta-analysis
Authors:   FG Scientifica and Science Department at Nutrition Formulators Inc., Miramar, Fl, 10407 N Commerce, Parkway, Miramar, Fl 33025 Miramar, Fl, USA
Published: August 2021

Astaxanthin (ATX), a red pigment that belongs to the xanthophyll subclass of carotenoids, has a strong antioxidant ability and can eliminate singlet oxygen (O2-) as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation. ATX can also prevent mitochondrial dysfunction by permeating and co-localizing within the mitochondria and inhibit the release of cytochrome c resulting from mitochondrial permeabilization and, thus, prevent mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death. Due to its antioxidant capacity and modulating properties of cell signaling, ATX exhibits a variety of beneficial biological activities among them protection against UV damage, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity, metabolic syndrome (MS) relief, cardioprotective effects, antidiabetic activity, prevention of neuronal damage, anti-aging and anticancer activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate what has been published about ATX in PubMed/Medline between 2020-2021. The results were distributed in four Tables as follows: Table 1-Publication types; Table 2- Proposal for evaluating the article in vivo; Table 3- Cells markers used in clinical studies in vivo; Table 4- Astaxanthin in human clinical trial. We could observe that the interest of the scientific community has been growing in relation to the benefits of ATX. The results presented in the articles evaluated in this meta-analysis showed us that AXT is already a reality as an option in treatments for various diseases, including glaucoma, heart and vascular injury, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver. We conclude that ATX may not only be a promising nutraceutical as an ally to alternative treatments of the pathologies mentioned above, but also as a powerful prophylactic in elderly individuals in prevention of diseases associated with aging.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAX SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Il'yasov Daniil
Published: August 2021

The tax system in different countries of the world is developed taking into account the peculiarities of the economy of states, the tax culture of the citizens of this country, and other indicators that affect the formation of an effective tax system.

The article presents a comparative description of the current tax system of the Russian Federation and a number of European countries, presents the main tax charges, tax rates, features of tax accounting, and also presents the mechanisms of tax administration.

In many European countries, the tax system is formed based on internal and external factors. Despite the single European Union, each member country has its own distinctive characteristics of forming a national tax system.
Analysis of foreign experience in the context of the development of territories and interests of the Russian state
Authors: Shamsutdinova Marina , Vahitov Damir , Valeeva Alsu , Grineveckaya Tatyana
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the foreign experience of territorial development and its adaptation for Russian cities. The format of settlements retains sufficient attractiveness to actively and systematically develop in the future, being an integral part of the country.
FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COOPERATIVES IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Sobolev Aleksandr , Khmelev Sergey
Published: August 2021

Relevance and novelty of the work. The development of cooperation in rural areas is an important priority task of state policy of the Russian Federation in recent decades. However, at present, rural cooperatives are in a depressed state, which involves searching for and finding explanatory answers.
Development of beef cattle breeding in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Nabieva Alsu , Khmelev Sergey , Agliullin Rail'
Published: August 2021

The objective possibility of increasing beef production due to the development of beef cattle breeding is determined by natural and economic factors, both in Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan, the presence of huge areas of natural forage lands and cultural pastures, which allow for full-fledged feeding of cattle throughout the calendar year with a full-fledged balanced feed diet. The material and technical production base in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan at this stage fully meets the requirements of technological approaches to expanding the number of beef breeds of cattle (cattle) in this region, both in large agricultural enterprises, farmers, households and individual agricultural entrepreneurs. At the present time, the Republic of Tatarstan clearly shows the trend of long-term development of the beef cattle industry. However, in the current situation, the main share of beef in the Republic of Tatarstan is produced by agricultural organizations and representatives of small agricultural businesses engaged in the breeding of dairy and meat cattle. In the context of the introduction of innovations in the organization of agricultural production, industrial crossing of dairy cows with purebred bulls of meat breeds is used as one of the directions for the growth of beef production.
The healthcare system of the Russian Federation, its elements and socio-economic factors for assessing its economic development
Authors: Gayfullin Ayrat
Published: August 2021

Public health is a state function guaranteed by the Constitution of the country. It should be evaluated through economic indicators, since it is part of the country's economy. For an integrated approach to understanding the degree of effectiveness of healthcare, it is more convenient to use a systematic approach. It allowed us to identify several systems based on the relevant system-forming factors and to explore the main directions of health care development in accordance with the set of components of the health care system. A new term has been introduced – a public health system based on the association of health care entities by sources of funding and organizational characteristics. The main socio-economic factors of the development of the healthcare system and trends, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of the healthcare economy, are determined.
Audit Information and Technology Environment
Authors: Savin Aleksandr
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the issues of assessing the information and technological environment of the audit for the organization of decision-making in management with the allocation of the main constituent elements necessary for the implementation of target settings. The main objects of research are considered. The prerequisites for the use of artificial intelligence in the audit process are considered.
CONDUCTION DISORDERS AND PERMANENT CARDIAC PACEMAKER AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC IMPLANTATION - AN UPDATE OVERVIEW
Authors: Menezes Junior Antônio da Silva , Ribeiro Marcelo de Freitas , Laranjeira Tiago de Almeida , Barbosa Vinícius Araújo , Fernandes Joaquim Ferreira
Published: August 2021

Aortic valve substitution is a standard technique with tolerable risk; nevertheless, the high mortality may be contraindicated. To reduce morbidity and mortality minimally invasive transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) may be an alternative approach. Although considered secure, after the method complications can occur, presenting as new-onset persistent left bundle branch block and demanding pacemaker implant. To establish how frequent this probability is, a systematic review from PUBMED (philters used were "15 years" and "free full texts") was achieved applying the terms "TAVI", "pacing" and "complications". For supporting literature, the other sources (SCIELO, Google Scholar and MEDLINE) were used and consulted for supporting literature. Catheter aortic prosthesis implantation is an effective modality for patients with high surgical risk and severe aortic stenosis. The review results suggest that the need for a pacemaker after endovascular treatment is neither inevitable nor easily predicted by known risk factors. Even though TAVI is considered a safe technique of selection, the implant position is near to functionally significant septal cardiac structures. Conduction disorders are frequent and need prudent checking after the procedure. Forthcoming studies must be necessary to validate the proposed algorithm and define the role of EP studies, ambulatory continuous electrocardiogram (Holter 24 hours) monitoring and preventive pacemaker in the management of conduction disturbances in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION OF PARENT'S PERCEPTIONS REGARDING THE GENDER OF PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors: Veysi Menekşe , B Eren , Ö Afşin
Published: August 2021

For children aged 0-6, learning is the most intense period. A preschooler is the person most interested in taking care of her child's mother. Preschool education helps children think and express themselves. Studies (Melisa Korkmaz) have shown that children who receive pre-school education have higher school attendance rates and school success in their future academic life than children who do not receive pre-school education. In this context, the importance of the teacher in the pre-school period is undeniable. No matter how good the physical conditions of the school are, no matter how carefully the program is prepared, it is the teacher who is with the children all day and implements the program (Erişen, 2004).  In Turkish society, the care and responsibilities of the child are accepted as the mother's duty. As a result, the number of female teachers in pre-school education institutions is higher than the number of male teachers. Depending on this idea, the number of female teachers in pre-school education institutions is higher than male teachers.

 

 

According to TUIK 2014 data, the rate of male preschool teachers in Turkey is 5.34%.

Fagan (1996) brings more appropriate solutions to the conflicts between children and copes with aggressive behaviors in the classroom management of male preschool teachers.

In addition, today, reasons such as divorce, death and working conditions cause the mother to assume the role of a single parent. This situation reduces the possibility of a child growing up in such an environment to establish a close relationship with a male figure. (Cameron, 2001: 430).

It is necessary to disseminate the view that men can take an active role in child care and education, to support male teachers who work or will work in pre-school education institutions, and to raise public awareness about the requirements of men in this field (McBribe & Rane, 1997; 14, Lamb, 2001: 30-31). ).

In line with all this information, the problem of this research was determined as "parent perceptions of pre-school teachers regarding gender".
Critical archives for decolonial literacies
Authors: Diaz Pedro
Published: August 2021

This article relates to the information ethical critique of archives in the decolonial debate for social memory appropriation and cultural knowledge production. The decolonial approach is presented as a critical literacy emergent tendency that searches for evidencing conflicts in the formation of archives, collections and common knowledge in its power relations of historic social constructions. Decolonial theory have been unfolding in many areas and bringing diverse questionings focusing on the plurality of knowledge and ethical preservation, especially on ethno-racial relations. This article tries to broad the field of information science production pointing to a fictional problematic frontier of meaning making, dispute and collective reality. Looking for support on a psychoanalysis approach to cultural trauma, Lacan's symbolic contribution helps to evidence perspectives on ways of reporting and constituting social conflict with development of archival devices, communication contends and social memory. The biographical and performance artistic aspects presented, complements decolonial perspectives in what is referred to as “neo-documentalism”, in the field of Information Science, as a poetic character intrinsic in critical literacies of information.
Abstrato (pt):
Relaciona a crítica dos arquivos no debate decolonial pela apropriação social da informação e produção cultural do conhecimento. A abordagem decolonial se apresenta como um letramento crítico evidenciando conflitos na formação dos arquivos, acervos e do conhecimento comum em suas relações de poder e construção histórica social. As abordagens da psicanálise de Lacan para o trauma cultural ajudam a apoiar perspectivas sobre as formas de relatar e constituir conflitos sociais com o desenvolvimento de dispositivos e conteúdos simbólicos arquivísticos. Os aspectos biográficos e performáticos apresentados complementam a perspectiva decolonial no que se denomina “neodocumentalismo”, no campo da Ciência da Informação, como caráter artístico intrínseco aos letramentos críticos da informação.
Alternative Dispute Resolution of People's Mining (Study in West Lombok Regency)
Authors: Ade Kamula Ari , Widiana Baiq Salma
Published: August 2021

The Law on mineral and coal mining provides opportunity to carry out mining business activities.Â  To do mining out by the people by using the people suggest. In practice, causes problem in the form of vertical and horizontal conflicts society in west Lombok district. people's mining conflict were caused by uncontrolled mining activities and mining land ownership dispute. In the above issues, alternatives are needed in resolving disputes that occur, so that conflicts that occur can be resolved. This study empirical law research to understand that the law is not only a normative legal regulation. The data in this study were obtained from literature studies and field research, using a sociological juridical approach, the result prove that alternative mechanism of settlement of mining disputes based on the good faith of the parties in the conflict, to reach an agreement that can provide a sense of justice.
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME;
Authors: Saleem Shemaila , Hanif Fauzia , Ali Amanat
Published: August 2021

Background: Numerous ailments encompassing endometriosis, infertility andpolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are associated with Vitamin D deficiency. It is due to theexpression of vitamin D receptors in various tissues other than skeleton. Objectives: The currentstudy was conducted to compare the levels of vitamin D with body mass index in women withPCOS and healthy females of Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Period: 6 months. Setting: Research work was done at Railway Hospital (Gynecology andObstetrics Department), Rawalpindi in alliance with Islamic International Medical College,Rawalpindi. Materials and methods: A sample of 50 apparently healthy women and 100cases of polycystic ovarian syndrome in their reproductive age (15-45 years) were selectedafter diagnosis by the clinician. Data was assembled by using a pre-structured questionnaire.Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. Results: Our results show that the bodymass index in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (27.094+4.369) was considerably(p-value < 0.05) more in contrast to the healthy controls (20.739+3.452) but no significant(p-value >0.05) difference was observed between vitamin D levels across a range of Bodymass indices among the controls and cases. Conclusion: No significant association betweenBMI and vitamin D status was found in healthy as well as PCO women.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE;
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Objectives: examined the relationship between academic performance andbulling in an academic environment. Setting: 9th to 12 grades students male and female ofdifferent private school of Faisalabad city. Period: March 2015 to April 2016. Material andMethod: 200 students 13 to 18 years old were taken and apply the Bullying Scale (Espelage,200). Result: Pearson correlation revealed that academic achievement negatively correlatedwith bulling. This relationship was significant with bully(r = -.67, p< .001), In order to predictacademic achievement multiple regression was separately computed, which demonstratedbully, (F = 3.49, p< .01) and of academic achievement. Conclusion: The relationship betweenbullying and academic performance. It is concluded finally that academic achievementnegatively correlated with bulling.
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION;
Authors: Tariq Anum , Ali Huma , Zafar Farya , Hameed Kamran , Sial Ali Akbar , Salim Saima , Mallick Neelam , Hasnain Hina , Fatima Rasheeda , Raza Naqvi Ghazala
Published: August 2021

Among the Health care associated infection (HCAI) Surgical Site Infection(SSI) is one of the most common complications occur after surgery and increases mortalityand morbidity rate. The objective of this study is to identify the common causative organisminvolved in postoperative wound infections along with their sensitivity and resistivity patterns.Study Design: Prospective cross sectional study. Setting: Tertiary Health Care setup inKarachi, Pakistan. Period: Six month from April 2016 till September 2016. Method: A total of100 patients are included in this study that underwent various surgical procedure. Result: Inthis study E. coli isolated from 32% of cases followed next in frequency by S.aureus in 16%,Coagulase negative Staphylococci in 14 %.the other less common pathogen involved Klebsiella,P. aeuroginosa, Enterococcus & Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Streptococcus group D. AmikacinIimipenem and Meropenem is found to be of more Sensitive against E. Coli while Ampicillin andco trimaxazole showed higher resistivity against E. coli or other various organism. Teicoplannand vancomycin and linzolid have shown absolute sensitivity to various pathogens. Penicillinis found to be highly resistant against Coagulase negative Staphylococci. Conclusion: E.coli is the most common pathogens involved in Post-surgical Infection Amikacin, imipenem,Meropenem, Teicoplann, vancomycin. linzolid is found to be more Sensitive against variousorganism isolated in our study. Acinetobacter are highly resistant to various drugs while P.aeuroginosa have also shown optimal sensitivity pattern against various groups of antibiotics.Present study signifies the adaptation of antibiotic combination in rational way for prophylacticuse and the exploitation of a synchronized system of surgical wound management and cure.
TUBERCULOSIS;
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Nazir Muzamil
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To know the frequency of relapse in patients of tuberculosis whocompleted the total therapy but in interrupted course. Study Design: Prospective Cohort study.Place and duration of study: Outpatient and Inpatient units of Chest and TB ward Bahawal-Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Methodology: Patient showing characteristics according toWHO standard were included in the study i.e. clinical features and radiographic abnormalitiesconsistent with active pulmonary tuberculosis; and no response to a course of broad-spectrumantibiotics regarding signs and symptoms. Also included were those with clinical featuresconsistent with tuberculosis with Mycobacterium smear and culture positive or smear positiveor culture positive. Such patients were interviewed and case file/charts were reviewed. Specificthings looked were their prior antituberculous therapy, number of days antituberculous therapyinterrupted, age, and gender. All others with diabetes mellitus, smokers, alcoholic were excludedfrom the study. Results: There were total 67 patients enrolled in the study and among them 34(50.7%) males and 33 (49.3%) females. Male age ranges 26-75 years(mean 46.20+ SD 12.46)and female age range 13-70 years (mean 40.42+SD 13.32) Among these relapse cases 6 (9%)patients had interrupted ATT during their prior therapy for a period ranged 2-90 days (P-value<0.001). Among these 5 (83%) were females and 1 was male. Conclusion: Interrupted ATTcaries significant risk for future relapse of tuberculosis.
TOBACCO USE;
Authors: Talpur Nida , Shah Maham , Siddique Sana
Published: August 2021

Background: Smoking and smokeless tobacco is thought to have detrimentalimpact on oral as well as general health. Relationship of caries to tobacco is still unclear.Studies conducted worldwide reported tobacco as a risk factor for root caries. Use of tobaccomay be a co variable in this complex rather than direct etiological factors in caries occurance.Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: “Different colleges of Qasimabad(Hyderabad)’’. Period: 1st August to 31st October 2016. Materials and Methods: Sample sizeof 400 boys. Two groups were made 200 students boys in each group. (Group A) comprising ofsmokers Group B non-smokers or never users. Results: Students in Group (A) 16 years of age(11%) were having caries while (1.75%) were free from caries. Students of 19 years of age (10%)were having caries while (2.5%) were caries free. Over all caries present in this group was (41%)while caries free were (8.79%). According to Group B, Students who were 16 years of age whonever smoke caries present was in (3%), caries free were (9.25%). Students who were 17 yearsof age having caries (2.25%), caries free were (10.25%). Students with the age 19 years havingcaries present in (3.25%) caries free were (9%). Over all (10.5%) were having caries. While(39.5%) were free from caries. Conclusion: It is concluded that caries rate was high in smokers.
CARIOUS AND REMINERALISED ENAMEL;
Authors: Zafar Sana , Javaid Danish , Majeed Hanna Abdul , Anwar Khurram , Iqbal Arain Mudassar , Ghoto Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2021

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to determine from wherethe demineralisation of crystals occur in enamel during carious process and where the newcrystals will form during remineralization. Material and Methods: Synchrotron x-ray diffractiontechnique was used to determine the crystal orientation and texture of enamel for a Period: of02 years during 2010 and 2011. It was done on extracted teeth. 10 sides of a single tooth wereanalysed and a total of 100 teeth were examined. Sample analysis was done using compositeimaging and powder diffraction using Fit 2D software. Settings: The study was done at QueenMary University of London, Miles End Campus England. Sections of a tooth were taken having1) healthy control enamel 2) natural carious enamel 3) artificially demineralized enamel and4) artificially remineralized enamel. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction was carried out and twodimensional images of the areas of the tooth were collected. A 20μmx20μm beam spot wasused to collect images at high resolution in order to see the changes that occur in a smallregion of interest. First the Fit2D software was used for powder diffraction data processingand later Origin software was used obtain the texture values of the above mentioned areas.Results: Comparison of the side and cuspal both for the control and carious enamel showedthat the carious enamel has a better texture than the control enamel. Also a repetition of thepattern after every 60 to 100um was seen in the cuspal enamel both in the control and cariousenamel respectively. Conclusion: The natural carious enamel showed a better texture andmore orientation from the healthy control enamel. This indicates that the continuous processesof demineralization and remineralization which occur in enamel during caries may have someeffects in increasing the texture of enamel since the mineral left in the carious enamel has ahigher degree of crystallite orientation than the control enamel.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS;
Authors: Bashir Hafiz Bilal , Zubair Zonaira
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of acute pancreatitis in patients takingsitagliptin and metformin. A study conducted on 100 type II diabetic patients. Study design: It isthe descriptive case series study. Setting: It is a single center study conducted in the medicinedepartment of Independent university hospital Faisalabad. Duration of study: From June 2015to December 2015. Material and methods: 100 type II diabetic patients were taken and givencombination of sitagliptin and metformin and observed for 6 months for signs and symptomsof acute pancreatitis. Results: out of 100 patients 39 (39%) were males, 61(61%) were females.Mean age of study population was 44.51±10.22. 13 (13%) were having diabetes of less than 3years duration. 47 (47%) were having diabetes of 4 to 6 years duration, 17 (17%) were havingdiabetes of 7 to 9 years duration and 13 (13%) of the patients were having 13+ years duration.After 6 month of observation 79 (79%) of the patients appear to have symptom of all type ofabdominal pain, 78 (78%) of the patients have had at least one episode of vomiting and 79(79%) patient have had at least one episode of fever. These patient underwent serum amylaseand serum lipase testing but none of them was found to have acute pancreatitis. Conclusions:Combination of sitagliptin and metformin causes gastrointestinal side effects but we found nocase of acute pancreatitis associated with this medicine.
CAECAL VOLVULUS
Authors: Rahim Bhurgri Muhammad , Ahmed Bhurgri Fareed
Published: August 2021

Caecal volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. In this report, we presenta 35 year-old old Female patient with Caecal volvulus, and we discuss this very rare entity.
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES;
Authors: Mehmood Brig® Khalid , Ali Ijaz , Raza Syed Hyder
Published: August 2021

Objectives: To determine the proportion of LBW Babies among those deliveredat DHQ Hospital Mirpur. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: DHQ hospitalMirpur AJK. Duration of study: January 2013-May 2013. Sample size: 459 deliveries. Studypopulation: women reporting in Peads OPD of DHQ hospital Mirpur AJ&K with their babiesduring study period. Sampling technique: Convenience method. Data collection tool: Datacollection Performa. Data analysis: SPSS version 14.0.Results: Out of 459 deliveriesconducted at Divisional Head Quarter hospital Mirpur, 149 cases of low birth weight babies(<2500gms) whereas the rest 310 had normal birth weight. Frequency of Low Birth Weight inmale new born babies was high, i.e ratio of male babies were 55% (82) out of 149 individualswhile females were 45% (67). Less than 37 weeks of gestational age, 37% (55) were pretermbabies and 37 – 42 weeks of gestational age, 63% (94) were full term babies.
VULVOVAGINAITIS CANDIDIASIS;
Authors: Fatimah Kanwal , Fatimah Umber , - Mahjabeen
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Vulvovaginitis candidiasis is one of the common problemsencountered by females and accounts for one third of vaginitis cases. Objective: To studythe efficacy of oral treatment with fluconazole in vulvovaginits candidiasis. Study Design:Descriptive case series. Setting: This study was conducted in the Department of Gynaecology,Lahore General Hospital, Lahore and Shalamar Hospital Lahore. Duration with Dates: Sixmonths from October 2009 to March 2010. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and twentyfive patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Demographic historyregarding name, age and parity, etc. were taken. Patients received fluconazole 150mg aftertaking smear for microscopy and culture carried out in Lahore General Hospital laboratoryand then Shalamar Hospital laboratory. All patients were reevaluated after 2 weeks for clinicaland mycological cure by taking the history and repeating smear for microscopy and culture.Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.4+ 6.4 years. The mean duration of marriage ofthe patients was 8.7+6.2 years. There were 11 (8.8%) patients of 0 parity, 63 (50.4%) patientsof parity range of 1-2, 41 (32.8%) patients had parity range of 3-4 and 10 (8%) patients had 5-6parity range. 99 (79.2%) patients had clinical cure. There was good efficacy of 79.2% and 26.8%patients failed to show the response. Conclusion: From this study fluconazole 150mg is provedto be safe and effective for the treatment of volvovaginitis candidiasis but therapy of vaginitisshould be individualized, taking into consideration severity of disease, history of vaginitis, andpatient preference.
SYNERGISTIC DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION;
Authors: Ishtiaq Butt Aroosa , Tayyaba Khan Bushra , Hakim Zunera , Zaman Khan Qamar-uz
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Ranitidine is known to us all as an anti-ulcer drug which acts byblocking H2 receptors in the stomach parietal cells. However its role in this category has beenunderstated. We studied its prokinetic effect on isolated duodenum of rabbits and its synergisticinteraction with Levosulpiride. The purpose of the study was to see if the two drugs do have aprokinetic effect and whether the combined effect is greater than the individual drugs. StudyDesign: Laboratory based Randomised controlled trial. Period: November 2014 to November2015. Setting: The study was carried out in the multidisciplinary laboratory at Army MedicalCollege after approval from Animals ethics committee. Material and methods: Dose responsecurve was constructed using cumulatively increasing concentrations of Ranitidine (Group 1)and Levosulpiride (Group 2). The synergistic prokinetic drug-drug interaction of Ranitidine andLevosulpiride was observed in Group 3 on iWorx Data acquisition unit (PowerLab). Resultsand Conclusion: Ranitidine produced a dose dependent reversible contraction of the isolatedduodenum and the maximum effect was recorded at 35 μg as 0.136 mV. Levosulpiride produceda maximum contraction of 0.088 mV at 70 μg. Ranitidine and levosulpiride curve was shifted tothe left and upwards of levosulpiride alone. The percent responses of levosulpiride alone was90 percent and with ranitidine was 122 percent. Ranitidine and levosulpiride have a synergisticprokinetic interaction in vitro. Conclusion: Ranitidine and levosulpiride have a synergisticprokinetic drug-drug interaction in vitro.
HEAMODIALYSIS PATIENTS;
Authors: Afzal Aurangzeb , Ulhaq Anwar , Ahmed Aizazmand , Baig Wasif , Zafa Adnan , Ayub Fainan , Farooq Amjad , Zafar Faiqa , Abbas Beenish
Published: August 2021

Background: Internal jugular vein is considered the preferred site of insertion.Prevalence of central vein stenosis following temporary double lumen catheterization at differentsites seems to be different in Asian countries. Objectives: To evaluate the number of cases havingcatheterization and stenosis after being subjected to central vein catheterization (CVC) amongPakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: 6 months period. Setting:Admitted in the Department of Nephrology or already undergoing maintenance hemodialysisfulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Material and Method: The samplewhich was considered suitable for this study was 150 cases after checking the inclusion criteriacarefully. The patients were advised to undergo color Doppler ultrasonography of IJV and SCVof both sides. Demographics and outcome variables were noted and recorded for the analysispurposes. Data was analyzed used SPSS 20.inc Results: The frequency of catheterization ofcatherization at IJV was found to be 128(85.3%) and frequency of catheterization at SCV was22(14.7%). The frequency of CVS at IJV was found to be 43(29.68%) and the frequency of CVSat SCV was 81(54.54%). The frequency of stenosis at SCV was found to be significantly higherwith a p value of 0.029 (<0.05). Conclusion: Internal jugular vein is the most frequent andpreferred site of temporary double lumen catheterization for haemodialysis as it is associatedwith significantly lower rate of stenosis as compared to subclavian vein.