bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising and managing supervisory drift
Authors: Roscoe Jason
Published: December 2021

Clinical supervision is widely considered to be an essential component in the translation of evidence-based treatment protocols into routine clinical practice. Experts in the field have produced guidance on the structuring of CBT supervision, yet previous surveys on everyday practices have consistently found that supervisors and supervisees appear to drift from these recommendations. Surprisingly, little has been written on the origins and maintenance of supervisory drift and thus it remains a poorly understood phenomenon. To assist supervisors, supervisees and meta-supervisors in recognising and responding to signs of drift, this paper seeks to build on the understanding of therapist drift by conceptualising how supervisor and supervisee cognitions, emotions and behaviour could intentionally or unintentionally render the supervision process ineffective or at worst harmful. Drawing on therapist schema literature, hypothesised pre-disposing factors for drift are presented together with clinical examples and a range of steps for managing indicators of drift in practice. Further research is needed to gather empirical support for the mechanisms proposed.

Key learning aims

As a result of reading this paper, readers should:

(1)

Understand what supervisory drift is and the various forms it might take.

(2)

Recognise some of their own behaviours within supervision which might affect the quality and effectiveness of supervision.

(3)

Identify ways in which problematic elements of supervision could be addressed within supervision, or supervision of supervision (SoS), through the use of a bespoke formulation and action-based methods.
Achtsamkeit in der Suchtprävention bei Jugendlichen mit MBID
Authors: Waedel Lucie , Manhart Sabina , Arnaud Nicolas , Reis Olaf ,   IMAC-Mind Konsortium
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Diese Übersichtsarbeit berichtet den aktuellen Wissensstand zu achtsamkeitsbasierten Interventionen für die Prävention des Alkoholkonsums bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einer Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability (MBID). Darüber hinaus werden Ergebnisse zur Machbarkeit derartiger Interventionen im Rahmen eines laufenden Studienprojektes vorgestellt. Ziel ist es, Schlussfolgerungen für die Entwicklung achtsamkeitsbasierter Präventionsprogramme zu ziehen. Methodik: Zielgerichtete Literaturrecherche in Datenbanken (Pubmed, Psycinfo (APA), Google Scholar) und Prüfung achtsamkeitsbasierter Präventionselemente im Rahmen einer Machbarkeitsstudie an insgesamt n = 32 Jugendlichen mit MBID. Ergebnisse: Die Literaturrecherche ergab nur wenige empirische Hinweise zur Wirkung und Durchführung von Achtsamkeit bei Individuen mit MBID. Die Machbarkeitsstudie zeigt, dass achtsamkeitsbasierte Übungen bei Jugendlichen mit MBID durchführbar sind. Auch als herausfordernd bewertete achtsamkeitsbasierte Elemente, wie formelle Meditationen, sind praktikabel, wenn sie in der Länge adjustiert und vorteilhafterweise mit sprachlichen Bildern unterstützt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studienlage zu präventiven achtsamkeitsbasierten Interventionen bei Individuen mit MBID ist bisher unzureichend. Ergebnisse der Machbarkeitsstudie deuten darauf hin, dass achtsamkeitsbasierte Interventionen in dieser Zielgruppe durchführbar und vielversprechend sind.
A Bifactor Model of Trait Trust, Distrust, and Suspicion
Authors: Alarcon Gene M. , Capiola August , Jessup Sarah A. , Ryan Tyler J. , Gibson Anthony M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. We explored competing models using bifactor item response theory (IRT) analyses to determine the relationship between trait measures of trust, distrust, and suspicion. The model with a general factor for all three scales fits the data best. We explored the relationship of the emergent general factor by correlating it with two latent traits: Agreeableness and the Trust facet of Agreeableness. The exploratory findings showed evidence that the general factor from the best-fitting model was practically identical to the Trust facet of Agreeableness. We concluded that trait trust, distrust, and suspicion reside on a continuum represented by the general factor, which is dispositional trust.
NASA Prepares Its Artemis Gateway to Orbit the Moon
Authors: Coleman Jude
Published: December 2021

Throughout its anticipated 15-year tour of duty, the Gateway will serve as a station for astronauts and lunar landers—and enable new scientific discovery.
Asteroid May Be a Chip off the Old Moon
Authors: Kish Stacy
Published: December 2021

Spectral data suggest that Kamo‘oalewa, a near-Earth asteroid, has a composition similar to lunar rocks.
Frictional Characteristics of Oceanic Transform Faults: Progressive Deformation and Alteration Controls Seismic Style
Authors: Cox Sophie , Ikari Matt J. , MacLeod Christopher J. , Fagereng Åke
Published: December 2021

Oceanic transform faults are inferred to be weak relative to surrounding oceanic crust and primarily slip aseismically. Neither their weakness nor tendency to creep are well‐explained. We test the effects of fault‐rock evolution on oceanic transform fault frictional strength and stability using direct‐shear experiments (at room temperature, 10 MPa normal stress, and fluid‐saturated conditions) on dolerite from the East Pacific Rise and natural fault rocks from the exhumed Southern Troodos Transform, Cyprus. Dolerites and cemented breccias are frictionally strong (μ = 0.52–0.85) and velocity‐weakening (strength decreases with increasing slip velocity, characteristic of earthquakes). In contrast, matrix‐rich chlorite‐bearing fault breccias and gouges are frictionally weak (μ = 0.25–0.48) and velocity‐strengthening (characteristic of stable creep). This transition implies that seismic behavior is controlled by degree of damage and alteration, such that earthquakes can nucleate within relatively intact oceanic crust, whereas fault segments of increased damage and chlorite content tend to slip aseismically.
TEC Depletion Generated by the Total Solar Eclipse of 2 July 2019
Authors: Eisenbeis Julian , Occhipinti Giovanni
Published: December 2021

A total solar eclipse occurred at the ascending node of the Moon's orbit on 2 July 2019, with an eclipse magnitude of 1.0459. The totality was visible from the southern Pacific Ocean east of New Zealand to the Coquimbo Region (Chile) and Central Argentina at sunset, with the maximum of 4 min 32 s visible from the Pacific Ocean. The recent Great American Eclipse, 21 August 2017, clearly showed that the ionosphere is strongly affected by the totality. In order to explore the ionospheric signature of the 2019 eclipse, we use data of ∼110 GNSS stations seeing multiple GPS and GLONASS satellites to visualize the eclipse signature on the total electron content (TEC) in the southern hemisphere. The location of the South American GNSS stations, at the end of the path of totality, right before sunset, makes the eclipse signature in the ionospheric TEC act like an early sunset with 15 TEC‐Unit variations, corresponding to 40% of background ionization. The effect reaches only four TEC‐Units, corresponding to 25%–40% of background ionization, for the more westerly observations, where we clearly highlight the effect of the eclipse in the ionosphere and the following recovery to normality. By applying the omega‐k analysis, we can find TIDs with wavelengths of around 100 km and larger than 200 km and with periods of 20–50 min, which supports the results of the Great American Eclipse. Using different grids, we can also prove the robustness of the omega‐k analysis.
Disrupted Coherence Between Upwelling Strength and Redox Conditions Reflects Source Water Change in Santa Barbara Basin During the 20th Century
Authors: Alfken Susanne , Wörmer Lars , Lipp Julius S. , Napier Tiffany , Elvert Marcus , Wendt Jenny , Schimmelmann Arndt , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe
Published: December 2021

Varved sediments from the center of the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) off southern California are a valuable archive for high‐resolution climate reconstruction. Using mass spectrometry imaging of lipid biomarkers, this study examines interactions of perennial upwelling strength and oxygen‐driven redox conditions at the sediment‐water interface from 1900 CE to 2009. In the SBB, variations in upwelling are recorded by isoprenoidal tetraethers from planktonic archaea, while the redox‐sensitive C29 stanol/stenol ratio reflects oxygen content in the bottom water and surficial sediment. The changing coherence of these two proxies allows investigation of the interplay between upwelling, bioproductivity and redox conditions, and their dependence on SBB source water composition during the 20th century. Prior to a large‐scale oceanographic regime shift observed in the North Pacific in the 1970s, both proxies are positively correlated: periods of enhanced upwelling promoted mixing, resulting in increased oxygen availability at the sediment‐water interface; conversely periods of reduced upwelling favored development of oxygen‐depleted water at depth. In the wake of the basin‐wide regime shift, changing oceanographic conditions led to a reduction in the southward flowing California Current and a stronger influence of the poleward California Undercurrent, which increased stratification and the supply of warm, oxygen‐poor tropical water in the subsurface. As a result, oxygen availability in SBB bottom waters was predominantly regulated by upwelling‐induced productivity and subsequent oxygen‐consuming remineralization of organic matter.
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to severe COVID-19 in combination with dysregulated lymphocyte responses and cytokine networks
Authors: Ruhl Louisa , Pink Isabell , Kühne Jenny F. , Beushausen Kerstin , Keil Jana , Christoph Stella , Sauer Andrea , Boblitz Lennart , Schmidt Julius , David Sascha , Jäck Hans-Martin , Roth Edith , Cornberg Markus , Schulz Thomas F. , Welte Tobias , Höper Marius M. , Falk Christine S.
Published: December 2021

The systemic processes involved in the manifestation of life-threatening COVID-19 and in disease recovery are still incompletely understood, despite investigations focusing on the dysregulation of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. To define hallmarks of severe COVID-19 in acute disease (n = 58) and in disease recovery in convalescent patients (n = 28) from Hannover Medical School, we used flow cytometry and proteomics data with unsupervised clustering analyses. In our observational study, we combined analyses of immune cells and cytokine/chemokine networks with endothelial activation and injury. ICU patients displayed an altered immune signature with prolonged lymphopenia but the expansion of granulocytes and plasmablasts along with activated and terminally differentiated T and NK cells and high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. The core signature of seven plasma proteins revealed a highly inflammatory microenvironment in addition to endothelial injury in severe COVID-19. Changes within this signature were associated with either disease progression or recovery. In summary, our data suggest that besides a strong inflammatory response, severe COVID-19 is driven by endothelial activation and barrier disruption, whereby recovery depends on the regeneration of the endothelial integrity.
Recent advances in the asymmetric reduction of imines by recycled catalyst systems
Authors: Deng Lidan , Liu Xingwang , Song Shihua
Published: December 2021

Recent advances relating to the asymmetric reduction of imines to afford optically active amines via recyclable catalyst systems are reviewed.
From α-keto acids to nitrile oxides enabled by copper nitrate: a facile access to fused isoxazolines
Authors: Zhu Yuping , Liu Tianqi , Liu Bingxin , Shi Houguang , Tan Qitao , Xu Bin
Published: December 2021

An unprecedented generation of nitrile oxides was developed from α-keto acids and copper nitrate through a novel carbon–carbon bond cleavage mode, affording pharmacologically interesting fused isoxazolines via 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.
Asymmetric catalytic nitrooxylation and azidation of β-keto amides/esters with hypervalent iodine reagents
Authors: He Changqiang , Wu Zhikun , Zhou Yuqiao , Cao Weidi , Feng Xiaoming
Published: December 2021

Chiral Lewis acid-catalyzed enantioselective nitrooxylation and azidation of cyclic and acyclic β-keto amides/esters with hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents.
Tunable photocatalytic oxysulfonylation and chlorosulfonylation of α-CF3 alkenes with sulfonyl chlorides
Authors: Xia Peng-Ju , Liu Fu , Li Shu-Hui , Xiao Jun-An
Published: December 2021

Tunable photoredox-catalyzed chlorosulfonylation and oxysulfonylation of α-trifluoromethylstyrenes with sulfonyl chloride were facilely achieved by simply manipulating the photocatalyst and solvent.
Report on the 24th meeting of the ECCR 8th-9th October 2021
Authors: Briones Ana , Fernández-Alfonso Marisol
Published: December 2021

The 24th meeting of the European Council for Cardiovascular Research (ECCR) was virtual and held online on October 8th and 9th, 2021. Over 130 participants including trainees, early career researchers (ECR) and established investigators from eleven European countries (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, U.K.), and participants also from Canada, Chile, Saudi Arabia, and the U.S.A. connected to enjoy two days of outstanding research. The meeting was opened by its president, Professor Marisol Fernandez-Alfonso from the Complutense University in Madrid and covered several topics of cardiovascular research: from vascular and metabolic aspects to novel immunological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease.
Improving resiliency in packet drop‐based congestion control for sidelink in cellular V2X communication
Authors: Kim Hyogon , Park Yongtae
Published: December 2021

The congestion control for the sidelink communication in cellular vehicle‐to‐everything (LTE‐V2X) environment is only at the fledgling stage in terms of standardization. This paper shows that the current specifications fail to adequately control the channel busy ratio (CBR) under heavy channel loads. To solve the problem, a new CBR‐channel occupancy ratio (CR)‐limit mapping is proposed. A control function that more reliably adjusts the transmission rates of the vehicles to the desirable target CBR range while achieving improved fairness is also proposed.
Short‐term load forecasting of the integrated energy system considering the peak‐valley of load correlations
Authors: Ge Leijiao , Liu Jiaheng , Zhu Xinshan , Shi Changli
Published: December 2021

At different times, the load correlation of the integrated energy system (IES) is different and its changes over time are regular. However, the regularity of such changes is rarely considered in the current IES prediction research. In view of the above reasons, an IES short‐term load forecasting method based on load‐correlation peaks and valleys is proposed. Inspired by the concept of load peaks and valleys, the concept of load‐related peaks and valleys is put forward. Furthermore, based on the above concept, a method of establishing different prediction models within a day based on the correlation threshold is proposed. In order to implement the initial correlation threshold reasonably, a marine predator algorithm with an integrated gray wolf optimizer (MPAIGWO) is proposed. After the initial parameters are selected, use the self‐learning ideas in situational awareness to change the parameters. In the case study, the power, thermal, and cold loads of IES were predicted. The comparison results show that the prediction results of this method have high accuracy. In addition, this method can also overcome the influence of irrelevant input variables on prediction. The algorithm comparison proves that the MPAIGWO has the highest optimization performance under the same conditions.
Autologes plättchenreiches Plasma in der Behandlung der Alopezie
Authors: Reith Bruce
Published: December 2021

Autologes plättchenreiches Plasma wird aufgrund seiner wundheilenden Eigenschaften vielfach angewandt u. a. in Orthopädie, Chirurgie und Dermatologie. Zunehmend stellt plättchenreiches Plasma außerdem bei bestimmten Formen der Alopezie eine interessante neue Behandlungsoption dar, sei es als alleinige Therapie oder auch als Adjuvans im Rahmen einer Haartransplantation. Kontrollierte klinische Studien an kleineren Patientengruppen zeigten vielfach positive Ergebnisse, größere Studien stehen bislang noch aus. Die Wirkung auf das Haarwachstum wird sehr wahrscheinlich über die in plättchenreichem Plasma enthaltenen Wachstumsfaktoren und Zytokine vermittelt.
Unzureichende Vitamin-D-Versorgung im Alter: Konsequenzen und Lösungsansätze für die Praxis
Authors: Zittermann Armin
Published: December 2021

Vitamin D ist eine für den Menschen essenzielle Substanz, die eine zentrale Rolle bei der Regulation des Kalzium- und Phosphathaushalts spielt, aber auch für eine normale Immunfunktion und Zellteilung wichtig ist. Als essenzielle Substanz muss Vitamin D dem Körper lebenslang in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung gestellt werden. In Deutschland liegt bei Senioren ähnlich wie in der jüngeren Allgemeinbevölkerung der Blutspiegel an 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (Indikator des Vitamin-D-Status) zu über 50 % im defizitären/insuffizienten Bereich (< 50 nmol/L), wobei die unzureichende Versorgungslage deutliche saisonale Schwankungen aufweist (41 % am Ende des Sommers und 75 % am Ende des Winters). Im klinischen Bereich können Vitamin-D-Supplemente bei Personen mit defizitärer Vitamin-D-Versorgung zu einer Reduktion des Risikos von osteoporotischen Frakturen und akuten Atemwegsinfekte beitragen sowie möglicherweise bei einigen Erkrankungen wie Asthma und chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung die Krankheitsschübe reduzieren. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel kann in der Regel durch die tägliche Einnahme eines Vitamin-D-Supplements in Höhe von 800–1000 IE (20–25 µg) effektiv verhindert werden. Von hochdosierten, intermittierenden Vitamin-D-Gaben, die zu 25OHD-Spiegeln > 125 nmol/L führen, ist abzuraten. Vitamin-D-Tests werden im klinischen Bereich häufig zur Beurteilung der Versorgungslage von Einzelpersonen durchgeführt. Hier sind sie zur Bestätigung eines Verdachts auf eine Vitamin-D-Intoxikation hilfreich. Ansonsten sind sie aber als Screening auf einen Vitamin-D-Mangel meist unnötig und manchmal verunsichernd.
Sunitinib-Induced Hypothyroidism and Survival in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Mathew Annie , Führer Dagmar , Lahner Harald
Published: December 2021

Sunitinib has been approved for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, renal-cell carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone serum levels is a common side effect. Studies suggest a correlation between sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism and treatment outcome in patients with renal-cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This study assessed whether sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism is a predictive marker of the objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients. Twenty-nine patients treated with sunitinib for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were included. The incidence of sunitinib-induced hypothyroidism was 33%. The median progression-free survival of patients who developed hypothyroidism was 16 months (95% confidence interval: 6.2–25.8 months) as compared with six months among euthyroid patients (95% confidence interval: 0.1–12.2 months) (p=0.02). The median overall survival was 77 months (95% confidence interval: 31.4–122.6 months) in hypothyroid patients but 12 months (95% confidence interval: 5.9–18.1 months) in subjects with euthyroidism (p=0.001). The median overall survival from the time of initial diagnosis ranged from 247 months in patients with hypothyroidism to 65 months in euthyroid subjects (p=0.015). Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are a prognostic biomarker of improved outcomes of sunitinib therapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients.
Die Gastroenterologie in der ersten und zweiten Corona-Welle – zwei Umfragen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK)
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Behrens Angelika , Labenz Joachim , Leifeld Ludger , Madisch Ahmed , Schilling Dieter , Terjung Birgit
Published: December 2021

Hintergrund Eine repräsentative Beschreibung der aktuellen Arbeitsbedingungen, Änderungen und Perspektiven in nicht-universitären gastroenterologischen Kliniken/Abteilungen in Deutschland, insbesondere auch im zeitlichen Verlauf der Corona-Krise, ist bisher nicht vorhanden. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK) repräsentiert mehr als 70% der gastroenterologischen Chefärzte und spiegelt daher die Situation in der stationären Gastroenterologie repräsentativ wider.

Methode Die ALGK führte in den Jahren 2020 während der ersten und 2021 während der zweiten Corona-Welle eine Umfrage ihrer Mitglieder über den Link https://www.surveymonkey.de/r/TFBFGMV durch. Hierbei wurden 369 Mitglieder mit gültiger E-Mail-Adresse angeschrieben. In der ersten Umfrage wurden 17 und in der zweiten Umfrage 21 Fragen gestellt.

Ergebnisse 58 % der Antworten repräsentierten Grund- und Regelversorger, 36 % Schwerpunktversorger, 6 % Maximalversorger, 43 % kommunale Krankenhäuser, 38 % konfessionelle Träger und 18 % private Träger. 87 % der befragten Abteilungen/Kliniken gaben eine Absage der elektiven stationären Versorgung überwiegend und unverändert durch den Patienten (87 %/85 %) an. In der zweiten Umfrage waren die durch den Arzt abgesagten Untersuchungen (58 % vs. 84 %), die Angabe rückläufiger Notfälle (16 % vs. 29 %), die Verschiebung der elektiven Diagnostik bzw. Therapie (85 % vs. 99 %) und der Rückgang geplanter stationärer (65 vs. 91 %) bzw. ambulanter Behandlungen (15 % vs. 84 %) deutlich geringer als bei der ersten Umfrage. Im Mittel war in den Kliniken/Abteilungen ein Rückgang der diagnostischen Endoskopien von 337/Monat auf 151/Monat (55 %), der therapeutischen von 174/Monat auf 84/Monat (52 %) und der Vorsorgekoloskopien von 56/Monat auf 7/Monat (87,5 %) zu verzeichnen. Der Vergleich zwischen den Krankenhausträgern ergab eine häufigere Angabe von quarantänepflichtigen Mitarbeitern, von sehr starker bzw. starker psychischer Belastung, von Angst vor Corona-Infektionen und die Vermutung einer zunehmenden Ambulantisierung der Gastroenterologie bei privaten Trägern. Die Impfbereitschaft war trägerunabhängig bei den Ärzten/Endoskopiepersonal mit insgesamt 92 %/89 % sehr hoch. Ebenfalls trägerunabhängig befürchteten 38 % der Befragten, dass ihr Haus aufgrund der Corona-Krise existenzgefährdet sei.

Schlussfolgerung Die beiden ALGK-Umfragen geben ein repräsentatives Bild über die Situation der nicht-universitären gastroenterologischen Kliniken/Abteilungen während der Corona-Krise und im Zeitverlauf in Deutschland.
Preparation, dielectric relaxation, and x-ray diffraction at various temperatures of Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 ceramics
Authors: Yang Longhai , Li Qi
Published: December 2021

Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 (PST) ceramics with high quality were successfully prepared by a solid-state reaction technique with the designed double crucible configuration. The pure cubic perovskite phase with the ordering degree of 0.55 was detected. Scanning electron microscopy analysis displayed that PST ceramics present dense structure with the grain size of 2–3 µm. The nearly stoichiometric element ratio and uniformly elemental distribution were observed by using an energy dispersive spectrometer and mapping. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant implied that strong frequency dispersion with the diffuseness exponent of 1.54 was found in PST, suggesting the nature of relaxation. The dielectric maximum and the temperature at dielectric maximum were 7300 and −19.99 °C, respectively. The analysis of the inverse of dielectric permittivity indicated that polar nanoregions (PNRs) began to appear, grow, and interact with decreasing temperature below 193.3 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns at various temperatures suggested that the phase structure and the B-site ordering degree hardly change from −100 to 350 °C. Moreover, B-site ions arrangement with various ordering degrees regulated the formation of nanodomains or macrodomains configuration by affecting the correlated motion of Pb ions. The disordered B-site ions’ arrangement breaks long-range correlations of Pb ions and leads to the formation of PNRs.
Optimization of design variables for rotary regenerative thermal oxidizer high-temperature valve (rto-HTV) based on transient dynamics analysis and multi-objective optimization algorithm
Authors: Sun Bo , Zhao Tong , Kurnianto Prayitno Yosephus Ardean , Li Wei , Sun Pengzhao , Peng Cong
Published: December 2021

The rotary regenerative thermal oxidizer of a high temperature valve (rto-HTV) is repeatedly opened and closed, which causes deformation of the valve page and leads to shortened durability. To prevent the drawback, analysis of impact stress at the moment of rapid collision between the valve page and valve seat is critical. The analysis is focused on optimization of the design variable based on the multi-objective algorithm under transient conditions. To perform transient dynamics, LS-DYNA software is applied for the dynamic analysis of valve page rapid collisions under different initial angular velocities ω. From the LS-DYNA output, the response surface methodology is combined with multi-objective optimization for determining the optimized design variables of the rto-HTV valve page. As a result, the valve page maximum stress (σpage)max is increased with the increase in ω, from (σpage)max = 134 MPa to (σpage)max = 175 MPa. The maximum velocity (vpage)max is increased with the increase in ω, from (vpage)max = 4472 mm/s to (vpage)max = 7475 mm/s. Based on (σpage)max and (vpage)max, the optimization results show that (σpage)max is reduced by 20% and the valve page mass Mpage is reduced by 5%. Moreover, (σpage)max of the optimized valve page is less than the yield strength of 316S at 800 °C. Therefore, the optimization of the valve page is satisfactory and effective for reducing the impact stress between the valve page and valve seat during collision.
Tensile and wear properties of repetitive corrugation and straightened Al 2024 alloy: an experimental and RSM approach
Authors: Manjunath Y J , Thirthaprasada H P , Chandrashekar A , Kaladgi Abdul Razak , Mohanavel V , Afzal Asif , Manjunatha M C , Basheer Dadapeer
Published: December 2021

Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS) on sheet geometries causes Cyclic Plastic Deformation, resulting in potential improvements of mechanical characteristics in metals and alloys. In this study, sample sheets of Al 2024 are subjected to severe plastic deformation with specially designed corrugated rollers to generate heterogeneous repeated plastic deformation at room temperature. The material shows enhanced properties under severe plastic deformation, with 5.07% increase in tensile strength, compared to unprocessed material. Maximum tensile strength was observed at annealed temperature of 150 °C is of about 3.49% increase in tensile strength over other temperature conditions. A wear study was carried out by considering the processed sheet that yields high tensile strength (annealed at 150 °C) by varying process parameters like sliding distance, load and sliding velocity as per design of experiments. In comparison to all other combinations, the wear resistance was shown to be better with a sliding distance of 6000 m, a load of 9.81 N, and a sliding velocity of 1.45 m s−1. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was adopted for comparing purpose, the experimental findings are found to be more similar to the RSM approach’s outcomes.
The dual Yamada–Watanabe theorem for mild solutions to stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Tappe S.
Published: December 2021

We provide the dual result of the Yamada–Watanabe theorem for mild solutions to semilinear stochastic partial differential equations with path-dependent coefficients. An essential tool is the so-called “method of the moving frame”, which allows us to reduce the proof to infinite dimensional stochastic differential equations.
‘Sraffa on non-self replacing systems’: a comment
Authors: Sinha Ajit
Published: December 2021

In this comment, I show that Ravagnani’s attempt to incorporate Sraffa’s non-self-replacing systems into Garegnani’s ‘long-term equilibrium’ framework is contradictory and thus his attempt to critique Sinha’s position on this account fails.
Precision medicine for the treatment of glomerulonephritis: a bold goal but not yet a transformative achievement
Authors: Glassock Richard J
Published: December 2021

The revolution in our ability to recognize the alterations in fundamental biology brought about by disease has fostered a renewed interest in precision or personalized medicine (‘the right treatment, or diagnostic test, for the right patient at the right time’). This nascent field has been led by oncology, immunohematology and infectious disease, but nephrology is catching up and quickly. Specific forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) thought to represent specific ‘diseases’ have been ‘downgraded’ to ‘patterns of injury’. New entities have emerged through the application of sophisticated molecular technologies, often embraced by the term ‘multi-omics’. Kidney biopsies are now interpreted by next-generation imaging and machine learning. Many opportunities are manifest that will translate these remarkable developments into novel safe and effective treatment regimens for specific pathogenic pathways evoking GN and its progression to kidney failure. A few successes embolden a positive look to the future. A sustained and highly collaborative engagement with this new paradigm will be required for this field, full of hope and high expectations, to realize its goal of transforming glomerular therapeutics from one size fits all (or many) to a true individualized management principle.
A multispecies TAC approach to achieving long-term sustainability in multispecies mixed fisheries
Authors: Wo Jia , Zhang Chongliang , Ji Yupeng , Xu Binduo , Xue Ying , Ren Yiping
Published: December 2021

The management of mixed fisheries is complicated by the biological and technical interactions among fish species. We tested a multispecies total allowable catch approach to managing mixed fisheries while accounting for the interactions and changes within fish community. A multispecies size–spectrum model was developed to simulate the dynamic of fish community in North Yellow Sea, China. Three scenarios were evaluated: (1) business-as-usual (BAU); (2) Single-species TAC (SSTAC); and (3) Multispecies TAC (MSTAC, assigning an aggregated total TAC to a selected group of species). Our results showed that BAU reduced biomass of target species to a substantially low level, SSTAC led to loss of fishing opportunity by involving “choke species” with discard ban, while MSTAC had a potential for maintaining long-term yields and community structure. We demonstrated the ecological effects of varying levels of MSTACs on the target and non-target species. Species’ responses to MSTAC were stronger when the species had similar feeding and habitat traits to the target species, implying intense competition. Particularly, a 20% decrease in MSTAC could cause an average 17% decline in the biomass of other species through biological interactions in the long-term. MSTAC could be a promising approach to achieving long-term sustainability in data deficient fisheries.
Expect the unexpected: chronic renal abscess secondary to renal actinomycosis
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Fennelly Neil , Kilgallen Clive , Connor Eabhann O , Forde James , Dinesh Binu , Fitzpatrick Fidelma
Published: December 2021

Actinomycosis is an invasive infection, which can affect numerous anatomical sites, though rarely the kidney. The rate of nephrectomy is high despite antibiotic therapy.

A 51 year old presented with a Proteus mirabilis renal abscess 9 years following a similar renal abscess. The abscess persisted despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and radiological drainage. In addition to P. mirabilis, Actinomyces species was isolated on polymicrobial abscess culture after 6 weeks antibiotic therapy. Despite appropriate antibiotics, nephrectomy was required. Histology confirmed actinomycosis. Actinomycosis should be considered in chronic, destructive infections, especially if failure to respond to appropriate antimicrobials. However, Actinomyces species may be missed by routine culture techniques. Because of the polymicrobial nature of abscesses, good communication with the laboratory is essential to ensure that cultures are prolonged and the isolation of one pathogen does not hinder the isolation of others.
Maritime demarcation in the Gulf after 2003
Authors: Heathcote Gina
Published: December 2021

This paper uses the Iranian detention of twelve British naval and marine personnel in the Northern Gulf in March 2007 as a prompt to examine the place of the 2003 invasion of Iraq within the continuities and ruptures of the international legal imagination, including that of critical international lawyers.
The tyranny of strangers: transformative occupations old and new
Authors: Craven Matthew
Published: December 2021

In the aftermath of the US led invasion of Iraq in 2003, considerable attention was given to the apparent emergence of a new type of belligerent occupation—the ‘transformative occupation’ which apparently challenged the traditional assumptions of the law of occupation. The suggestion here is that, as an examination of the British occupation of Mesopotamia between 1914-1924 reveals, the ‘transformative occupation’ is by no means a new institution, but is one that may be associated with a tradition of thought and practice in which the institution of belligerent occupationwas made congruent with the operational rationalities of colonial rule by re-imagining it as a form of sacred trust. The legacy of that history, it is contended, is critical for understanding the role of occupation law today.
Is Honesty Rational?
Authors: Sbardolini Giorgio
Published: December 2021

According to the Maxim of Quality, rational agents tend to speak honestly. Due to the influence of Grice, a connection between linguistic rationality and honesty is often taken for granted. However, the connection is not obvious: structural rationality in language use does not require honesty, any more than it requires dishonesty. In particular, Quality does not follow from the Cooperative Principle and structural rationality. But then what is honest rational speech? I propose to move the discussion in the context of Stalnaker's theory of assertion. From this perspective, although there is no most rational way to behave, Quality follows from the structure of Stalnakerian conversations if interlocutors are sensitive to credibility. In this case, honesty is built on the expectation of reciprocity, and cooperativity is an outcome and not a precondition of rational communication. A benefit of my discussion is that the account of linguistic rationality falls under the more general view of interactive rationality familiar from theoretical economics.
The value of English common law for new “special zones”: a case study of two contrasting examples
Authors: Reynolds Barnabas , Donegan Thomas , Linch Oliver
Published: December 2021

The UK legal system, and in particular the legal method of the common law, is in use in numerous countries around the world. (The Scots law approach, which is uncodified, is in many ways similar to that of the common law, but has been used less internationally.) The UK's approach contrasts with the code-based civil law method, the other major legal technique, in use in most other countries and which derives from the codifications in Europe of the nineteenth century. In recent years, various countries have sought to benefit from the UK’s methods, particularly in commercial matters, by setting up free zones in which new laws can apply. Dubai and Abu Dhabi, two of the United Arab Emirates, are prominent examples. However, they have chosen different means by which to adopt elements of the UK’s legal system. This article explores what each has done, and some of the distinctions between their two approaches.
Alibert and His Contribution to Dermatology (1768–1837)
Authors: Magaña Mario
Published: December 2021

Jean Louis Marc Alibert, 1786–1837, France, is considered one of the founders of modern dermatology, he was able to organize the Hôpital Saint Louis in Paris and developed a school, among other contributions he wrote at least two books, he described the tumoral stage of mycosis fungoides, congenital nevus, keloids, and proposed The Tree of Dermatoses as his concept for the understanding of skin diseases.
Do High-Volume Injections Affect the Ultrasonographic Neovascularization in Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy? A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: van Oosten Claire C. M. , van der Vlist Arco C. , van Veldhoven Peter L. J. , van Oosterom Robert F. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , de Vos Robert Jan.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

High-volume injections (HVIs) are thought to target neovascularization in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy (AT), yet the mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, we aim to evaluate whether a HVI decreases ultrasonographic Doppler flow in patients with chronic midportion AT.

Design:

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Setting:

Sports medicine department at a district general hospital.

Patients:

Sixty-two patients with clinically diagnosed chronic midportion AT were included and randomized into the intervention group (HVI-group, n = 30) and placebo group (n = 32).

Intervention:

A daily calf-muscle exercise program combined with either (1) a HVI (HVI-group: 50 mL) or (2) a placebo-injection (placebo-group: 2 mL) with a mixture of saline and lidocaine.

Main Outcome Measures:

Primary outcome was the surface area quantification (SAQ) score (%) of the Doppler flow during a 24-week follow-up period. Secondary outcome was the association between SAQ scores and symptoms [Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A)]. Outcomes were measured before, directly after, and 1 hour after the injection and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks of follow-up.

Results:

There was no significant between-group difference at 24 weeks [−0.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −4.9 to 4.7] or at any of the other time points. Change in SAQ score did not correlate with the change in VISA-A score (P = 0.93).

Conclusion:

A HVI does not affect Doppler flow in patients with chronic midportion AT. Also, changes in Doppler flow were not associated with the clinical outcome. These findings challenge the theoretical basis of a HVI.

Trial registration:

NCT02996409.
Brief Report: Active HIV Case Finding in the City of Kigali, Rwanda: Assessment of Voluntary Assisted Partner Notification Modalities to Detect Undiagnosed HIV Infections
Authors: Remera Eric , Nsanzimana Sabin , Chammartin Frédérique , Semakula Muhammed , Rwibasira Gallican N. , Malamba Samuel S. , Riedel David J. , Tuyishime Elysee , Condo Jeanine U. , Ndimubanzi Patrick , Sangwayire Beata , Forrest Jamie I. , Cantoreggi Sara L. , Mills Edward J. , Bucher Heiner C.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Voluntary assisted partner notification (VAPN) services that use contract, provider, or dual referral modalities may be efficient to identify individuals with undiagnosed HIV infection. We aimed to assess the relative effectiveness of VAPN modalities in identifying undiagnosed HIV infections.

Setting:

VAPN was piloted in 23 health facilities in Kigali, Rwanda.

Methods:

We identified individuals with a new HIV diagnosis before antiretroviral therapy initiation or individuals on antiretroviral therapy (index cases), who reported having had sexual partners with unknown HIV status, to assess the association between referral modalities and the odds of identifying HIV-positive partners using a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model. We adjusted our model for important factors identified through a Bayesian variable selection.

Results:

Between October 2018 and December 2019, 6336 index cases were recruited, leading to the testing of 7690 partners. HIV positivity rate was 7.1% (546/7690). We found no association between the different referral modalities and the odds of identifying HIV-positive partners. Notified partners of male individuals (adjusted odds ratio 1.84; 95% credible interval: 1.50 to 2.28) and index cases with a new HIV diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.82; 95% credible interval: 1.45 to 2.30) were more likely to be infected with HIV.

Conclusion:

All 3 VAPN modalities were comparable in identifying partners with HIV. Male individuals and newly diagnosed index cases were more likely to have partners with HIV. HIV-positive yield from index testing was higher than the national average and should be scaled up to reach the first UNAIDS-95 target by 2030.
DISEASES 2.0: a weekly updated database of disease–gene associations from text mining and data integration
Authors: Grissa Dhouha , Junge Alexander , Oprea Tudor I. , Jensen Lars Juhl
Published: December 2021

The scientific knowledge about which genes are involved in which diseases grows rapidly, which makes it difficult to keep up with new publications and genetics datasets. The DISEASES database aims to provide a comprehensive overview by systematically integrating and assigning confidence scores to evidence for disease–gene associations from curated databases, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and automatic text mining of the biomedical literature. Here, we present a major update to this resource, which greatly increases the number of associations from all these sources. This is especially true for the text-mined associations, which have increased by at least 9-fold at all confidence cutoffs. We show that this dramatic increase is primarily due to adding full-text articles to the text corpus, secondarily due to improvements to both the disease and gene dictionaries used for named entity recognition, and only to a very small extent due to the growth in number of PubMed abstracts. DISEASES now also makes use of a new GWAS database, TIGA, which considerably increased the number of GWAS-derived disease–gene associations. DISEASES itself is also integrated into several other databases and resources, including GeneCards/MalaCards, Pharos/TCRD, and the Cytoscape stringApp. All data in DISEASES is updated on a weekly basis and is available via a web interface at https://diseases.jensenlab.org, from where it can also be downloaded under open licenses.
The need for unrealistic experiments in global change biology
Authors: Collins Sinéad , Thomas Mridul K.
Published: December 2021

Climate change is an existential threat, and our ability to conduct experiments on how organisms will respond to it is limited by logistics and resources, making it vital that experiments be maximally useful. The majority of experiments on phytoplankton responses to warming and CO2 use only two levels of each driver. However, to project the characters of future populations, we need a mechanistic and generalizable explanation for how phytoplankton respond to concurrent changes in temperature and CO2. This requires experiments with more driver levels, to produce response surfaces that can aid in the development of predictive models. We recommend prioritizing experiments or programmes that produce such response surfaces on multiple scales for phytoplankton.
Predictive profiling of SARS-CoV-2 variants by deep mutational learning
Authors: Taft Joseph M. , Weber Cédric R. , Gao Beichen , Ehling Roy A. , Han Jiami , Frei Lester , Metcalfe Sean W. , Yermanos Alexander , Kelton William , Reddy Sai T.
Published: December 2021

The continual evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of variants that show resistance to vaccines and neutralizing antibodies (1–4) threaten to prolong the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (5). Selection and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants are driven in part by mutations within the viral spike protein and in particular the ACE2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), a primary target site for neutralizing antibodies. Here, we develop deep mutational learning (DML), a machine learning-guided protein engineering technology, which is used to interrogate a massive sequence space of combinatorial mutations, representing billions of RBD variants, by accurately predicting their impact on ACE2 binding and antibody escape. A highly diverse landscape of possible SARS-CoV-2 variants is identified that could emerge from a multitude of evolutionary trajectories. DML may be used for predictive profiling on current and prospective variants, including highly mutated variants such as omicron (B.1.1.529), thus supporting decision making for public heath as well as guiding the development of therapeutic antibody treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.
Combinatorial mRNA vaccination enhances protection against SARS-CoV-2 delta variant
Authors: Hajnik Renee L. , Plante Jessica A. , Liang Yuejin , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Tang Jinyi , Zhong Chaojie , Adam Awadalkareem , Scharton Dionna , Rafael Grace H. , Liu Yang , Hazell Nicholas C. , Sun Jiaren , Soong Lynn , Shi Pei-Yong , Wang Tian , Sun Jie , Weissman Drew , Weaver Scott C. , Plante Kenneth S. , Hu Haitao
Published: December 2021

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), including the highly transmissible delta strain, has posed challenges to current COVID-19 vaccines that principally target the viral spike protein (S). Here, we report a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine that expresses the more conserved viral nucleoprotein (mRNA-N). We show that mRNA-N alone was able to induce a modest but significant control of SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters. Critically, by combining mRNA-N with the clinically approved S-expressing mRNA vaccine (mRNA-S-2P), we found that combinatorial mRNA vaccination (mRNA-S+N) led to markedly enhanced protection against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant compared to mRNA-S. In a hamster model, we demonstrated that while mRNA-S alone elicited significant control of the delta strain in the lungs (∼45-fold reduction in viral loads compared to un-vaccinated control), its effectiveness in the upper respiratory tract was weak, whereas combinatorial mRNA-S+N vaccination induced markedly more robust control of the delta variant infection in the lungs (∼450-fold reduction) as well as in the upper respiratory tract (∼20-fold reduction). Immune analyses indicated that induction of N-specific immunity as well as augmented S-specific T-cell response and neutralizing antibody activity were collectively associated the enhanced protection against SARS-CoV-2 delta strain by combinatorial mRNA vaccination. These findings suggest that the combined effects of protection in the lungs and upper respiratory tract could both reduce the risk of severe disease as well as of infection and transmission.