bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression of Catalytic Proteasome Subunits and Resistance Toward Proteasome Inhibition of B Lymphocytes from Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Martinez-Gamboa Lorena , Lesemann Karsten , Kuckelkorn Ulrike , Scheffler Sonja , Ghannam Khetam , Hahne Martin , Gaber-Elsner Timo , Egerer Karl , Naumann Lydia , Buttgereit Frank , Dörner Thomas , Kloetzel Peter M. , Burmester Gerd R. , Faustman Denise L. , Feist Eugen
Published: March 2013

Objective.

Dysregulation of proteasome subunit β1i expression has been shown in total blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), a B cell-driven systemic autoimmune disorder.

Methods.

Proteasome activation was investigated in sorted blood cells from patients with pSS and controls by measuring transcript levels of constitutive (β1/β2/β5) and corresponding immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (β1i/β2i/β5i) using real-time PCR. At protein level, β1i protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. Functional effects of proteasome inhibition on proteolytic activity and induction of apoptosis were also evaluated in cellular subsets.

Results.

The proteasome was found to be activated in pSS, with upregulation of gene expression of catalytic proteasome subunits. Western blot analysis revealed decreased β1i protein expression in pSS B lymphocytes, with decreased protein despite increased messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. After proteasome inhibitionin vitro, proteolytic activity was less reduced and resistance to apoptosis was increased in B lymphocytes compared to other cells.

Conclusion.

In pSS, catalytic subunits of the proteasome are upregulated at the mRNA level, while dysregulation of subunit β1i is attributed to B lymphocytes. B cell resistance after proteasome inhibition differs from the classical concept of increased susceptibility toward inhibition in activated cells, supporting the novel notion that susceptibility depends on cellular intrinsic factors and on proteasome activation.
Comparison of EuroQol-5D and Short Form-6D Utility Scores in Multiethnic Asian Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Leung Ying-Ying , Png May-Ee , Wee Hwee-Lin , Thumboo Julian
Published: March 2013

Objective.

To compare EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and Short Form-6D (SF-6D) utility scores in multiethnic Asian patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

Consecutive patients fulfilling the Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic were recruited and completed the EQ-5D and SF-6D questionnaires. Comparisons were performed by score distribution, mean, median, and the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology filter: i.e., truth, discrimination, and feasibility.

Results.

Eighty-six patients were enrolled (69 English-speaking and 17 Chinese-speaking; male:female ratio 0.91). The score distribution of SF-6D was normal, while that of EQ-5D was bimodal. A ceiling effect was observed in 20% of patients for EQ-5D and none for SF-6D. There were moderate correlations (Spearman’s rho = 0.59, p < 0.0001) between the 2 scores, but poor agreements on scatterplot, intraclass correlation (ICC 0.43 and standardized ICC 0.21), and Bland-Altman plots. EQ-5D generated lower utility scores than SF-6D in the poorer health subgroup. SF-6D had stronger correlation with the general health status and other external measures of health; and it distinguished better between good and poor general health status, with better effect size and relative efficiency statistics. EQ-5D demonstrated higher patient acceptability.

Conclusion.

EQ-5D and SF-6D instruments generated different utility scores in PsA. SF-6D may be superior because of normal scaling distribution and the absence of ceiling and floor effects. SF-6D also had better construct validity and better discrimination of poor health status. More studies are required for cost-utility analysis in PsA.
Priming Primary Care Physicians to Treat Osteoporosis After a Fragility Fracture: An Integrated Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Roux Sophie , Beaulieu Michèle , Beaulieu Marie-Claude , Cabana François , Boire Gilles
Published: March 2013

Objective.

To evaluate 2 incremental levels of intervention designed to increase initiation of osteoporosis treatment by primary care physicians (PCP) following fragility fractures (FF).

Methods.

Women and men over age 50 years were screened for incident FF in fracture clinics, and eligible outpatients were randomly assigned to standard care (SC) or to either minimal (MIN) or intensive (INT) interventions. The MIN and INT interventions were intended to educate and motivate both patients and PCP, but differed in their frequency of contact and information content. Delivery of osteoporosis medication was confirmed with pharmacists. Treatment rates were analyzed using an intention-to-treat approach.

Results.

At inclusion, 74.3% of 881 outpatients with FF were untreated. Followup at 12 months was completed in 92.3% of patients. Up to 90% of patients treated at inclusion remained treated at 12 months. Among patients who initially were untreated, 18.8% in the SC group, 40.4% in the MIN, and 53.2% in the INT groups were treated at 12 months. Change in treatment rates (adjusted for age and initial treatment) increased significantly after both MIN and INT. Only the INT intervention significantly increased treatment rates in patients with previous fractures. Negative predictors of change in treatment status included non-major FF, age younger than 65 years, and male sex.

Conclusion.

Both interventions significantly increased initiation of osteoporosis treatment. Our multidisciplinary intervention builds on existing first-line structures and uses minimal specialized resources. Iterative and systematic interventions in the context of clinical care may modify the approach of PCP to osteoporosis management after FF and narrow the care gap in the long term.
First-degree Relatives of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Exhibit High Prevalence of Joint Symptoms
Authors: Smolik Irene , Robinson David B. , Bernstein Charles N. , El-Gabalawy Hani S.
Published: March 2013

Objective.

The preclinical period of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies such as anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Little is known about the joint symptom profile preceding onset of RA, and whether symptoms are associated with RA autoantibodies. Because first-degree relatives (FDR) of North American Native (NAN) RA probands exhibit multiple risk factors for development of future RA, we investigated the prevalence of joint symptoms in this high-risk population.

Methods.

We studied 306 FDR of NAN patients with RA, 323 NAN controls (NC), and 293 white controls (WC) having no family history of autoimmune diseases. Study subjects completed a questionnaire that asked whether they had pain, swelling, or morning stiffness in their hand joints, or in other joints. Serum samples were gathered at the same time and tested for the presence of ACPA, RF, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels.

Results.

In all cases, FDR were significantly more likely to report experiencing joint symptoms compared to the 2 control groups. FDR also exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of RA autoantibodies than the control groups. There were modest trends for joint symptoms to associate with RA autoantibodies, and individuals who were both ACPA-positive and RF-positive had the highest prevalence of joint symptoms.

Conclusion.

FDR of NAN patients with RA have a higher prevalence of joint symptoms compared to individuals with no family history of autoimmune disease. This finding is only partially explained by a high prevalence of RA autoantibodies in the FDR.
Do Changing Toll-like Receptor Profiles in Different Layers and Grades of Osteoarthritis Cartilage Reflect Disease Severity?
Authors: Barreto Gonçalo , Sillat Tarvo , Soininen Antti , Ylinen Pekka , Salem Abdelhakim , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Al-Samadi Ahmed , Nordström Dan C.E.
Published: March 2013

Objective.

Cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) leads to release of potential danger signals. The aim of our study was to profile OA cartilage for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) danger signal receptors.

Methods.

Osteochondral cylinders from total knee replacements were graded using OA Research Society International score and stained for proteoglycans, collagenase-cleaved type II collagen, and TLR 1–10, which were analyzed histomorphometrically.

Results.

Grade 1 OA lesions contained 22%–55% TLR 1–9-positive cells in the surface zone, depending on the TLR type. In Grade 2 TLR, immunoreactivity was 60%–100% (p < 0.01) and it was even higher in Grades 3 and 4 (p < 0.01 vs Grade 1). TLR-positive cells in Grade 1 middle zone were low, 0–19.9%, but were 5.1%–32.7% in Grade 2 (p < 0.01) and 34%–83% in Grades 3–4 samples (p < 0.001). TLR values in Grade 5 were low (14.3%–28.7%; p < 0.001). In Grades 3–4 OA, cartilage matrix stained strongly for TLR. In Grade 1, COL2-3/4M was restricted to chondrocytes, but was increasingly seen in matrix upon progress of OA to Grade 4, and then declined.

Conclusion.

Cells in the gliding surface zone are fully equipped with TLR in mild OA. Their proportion increases and extends to the middle or even the deep zone, reflecting OA progression. COL2A-3/4M staining suggests Endo180-mediated intake for intralysosomal degradation by cathepsins in Grade 1, but in higher grades this chondrocyte-mediated clearance fails and the matrix demonstrates extensive collagenase-induced damage. Detached and/or partially degraded matrix components can then act as endogenous danger signals (damage-associated molecular patterns or DAMP) and stimulate increasingly TLR-equipped chondrocytes to inflammation. At the peak inflammatory response, soluble TLR may exert negative feedback, explaining in part the low TLR levels in Grade 5 OA.
Monocyte- and Macrophage-Targeted NADPH Oxidase Mediates Antifungal Host Defense and Regulation of Acute Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Grimm Melissa J. , Vethanayagam R. Robert , Almyroudis Nikolaos G. , Dennis Carly G. , Khan A. Nazmul H. , D’Auria Anthony C. , Singel Kelly L. , Davidson Bruce A. , Knight Paul R. , Blackwell Timothy S. , Hohl Tobias M. , Mansour Michael K. , Vyas Jatin M. , Röhm Marc , Urban Constantin F. , Kelkka Tiina , Holmdahl Rikard , Segal Brahm H.
Published: March 2013

Chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase in which phagocytes are defective in the generation of superoxide anion and downstream reactive oxidant species, is characterized by severe bacterial and fungal infections and excessive inflammation. Although NADPH oxidase isoforms exist in several lineages, reactive oxidant generation is greatest in neutrophils, where NADPH oxidase has been deemed vital for pathogen killing. In contrast, the function and importance of NADPH oxidase in macrophages are less clear. Therefore, we evaluated susceptibility to pulmonary aspergillosis in globally NADPH oxidase–deficient mice versus transgenic mice with monocyte/macrophage-targeted NADPH oxidase activity. We found that the lethal inoculum was >100-fold greater in transgenic versus globally NADPH oxidase–deficient mice. Consistent with these in vivo results, NADPH oxidase in mouse alveolar macrophages limited germination of phagocytosed Aspergillus fumigatus spores. Finally, globally NADPH oxidase–deficient mice developed exuberant neutrophilic lung inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine responses to zymosan, a fungal cell wall–derived product composed principally of particulate β-glucans, whereas inflammation in transgenic and wild-type mice was mild and transient. Taken together, our studies identify a central role for monocyte/macrophage NADPH oxidase in controlling fungal infection and in limiting acute lung inflammation.
PU.1-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of miR-142 Contributes to Its Hematopoietic Cell–Specific Expression and Modulation of IL-6
Authors: Sun Yaping , Sun John , Tomomi Toubai , Nieves Evelyn , Mathewson Nathan , Tamaki Hiroya , Evers Rebecca , Reddy Pavan
Published: March 2013

MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as critical modulators of immune responses, but little is known about their transcriptional regulation and tissue specificity. miR-142 is specifically expressed in hematopoietic tissues and plays an important role in regulating immunity. In this study we identified the key transcriptional elements for regulation of miR-142 and its impact on TLR4-mediated expression of IL-6. The PU.1, C/EBPβ, and Runx1 transcription factor binding sites are conserved and constitutively occupied by the respective transcription factors in the miR-142 gene promoter only in the hematopoietic cells. Specific knockdown experiments in hematopoietic cells and rescue experiments in nonhematopoietic cells show that PU.1 is critical for miR-142 gene expression and that it synergizes with Runx1, C/EBPβ, and CBFβ. Furthermore, TLR4 stimulation enhanced miR-155 whereas experiments with knockdown and mimic expression of miR-155 demonstrated that miR-155 negatively regulates miR-142-3p expression by targeting PU.1. Thus, TLR4 stimulation represses PU.1, resulting in downregulation of miR-142 and increased expression of IL-6. These results collectively reveal the direct cis-acting sequences of miR-142 specific promoter and that transcription factor PU.1 is necessary for its exclusive expression in hematopoietic cells and regulation of IL-6.
A spectral alternative for continuous families of self-adjoint operators
Authors: Gordon Alexander Y.
Published: March 2013

We consider a continuous family of self-adjoint operators

A_s

in a separable Hilbert space, the parameter

s

being a point of a complete metric space

S

. It is well known that isolated simple eigenvalues (assuming that the operators are bounded and the mapping

s\mapsto A_s

is continuous in the norm sense) behave “well”: under small changes of the parameter they do not disappear and change continuously. Unlike this, the eigenvalues embedded in the essential spectrum can display a very “bad” behavior. It turns out, nevertheless, that if the set of eigenvalues is non-empty for a topologically rich (e.g., open) set of values of the parameter, then the (multi-valued) eigenvalue function has continuous branches. One application is as follows. Suppose a one-dimensional quasi-periodic Schrödinger operator has Cantor spectrum; then a Baire generic operator in its hull does not have eigenvalues.
Schrödinger operators with slowly decaying Wigner–von Neumann type potentials
Authors: Lukic Milivoje
Published: March 2013

We consider Schrödinger operators with potentials satisfying a generalized bounded variation condition at infinity and an

L^p

decay condition. This class of potentials includes slowly decaying Wigner–von Neumann type potentials

\sin(ax)/x^b

with

b>0

. We prove absence of singular continuous spectrum and show that embedded eigenvalues in the continuous spectrum can only take values from an explicit finite set. Conversely, we construct examples where such embedded eigenvalues are present, with exact asymptotics for the corresponding eigensolutions.
Fredholm and invertibility theory for a special class of Toeplitz + Hankel operators
Authors: Basor Estelle L. , Ehrhardt Torsten
Published: March 2013

We develop a complete Fredholm and invertibility theory for Toeplitz+Hankel operators

T(a)+H(b)

on the Hardy space

H^p(\mathbb T)

,

1<p<\infty

, with piecewise continuous functions

a,b

defined on the unit circle which are subject to the condition

a(t)a(t^{-1})=b(t)b(t^{-1})

,

|t|=1

. In particular, in the case of Fredholmness, formulas for the defect numbers are established. The results are applied to several important examples.
On a class of spectral problems on the half-line and their applications to multi-dimensional problems
Authors: Solomyak Michael
Published: March 2013

A survey of estimates on the number

N_-(\mathbf M_{\alpha G})

of negative eigenvalues (bound states) of the Sturm–Liouville operator

\mathbf M_{\alpha G}u=-u''-\alpha G

on the half-line, as depending on the properties of the function

G

and the value of the coupling parameter

\alpha>0

. The central result is Theorem 5.1, giving a sharp sufficient condition for the semi-classical behavior

N_-(\mathbf M_{\alpha G})=O(\alpha^{1/2})

, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a “super-classical” growth rate

N_-(\mathbf M_{\alpha G})=O(\alpha^q)

with any given

q>1/2

. Similar results for the problem on the whole

\mathbb R

are also presented. Applications to the multi-dimensional spectral problems are discussed.
Probiotics and Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Aberrations in Children
Authors: Dierikx Thomas H. , Malinowska Anna M. , Łukasik Jan , Besseling-van der Vaart Isolde , Belzer Clara , Szajewska Hania , de Meij Tim G. J. , van der Schoor Sophie R. D. , Chegary Malika , Koning Catharina (Karen) J.M. , Hanemaaijer Mark ,   Multispecies Probiotic in AAD Study Group
Published: July 2024

Importance

Probiotics are often considered in children to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, the underlying mechanistic effects and impact of probiotics on antibiotic-induced microbiota changes are not well understood.

Objective

To investigate the effects of a multispecies probiotic on the gut microbiota composition in children receiving antibiotics.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from February 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021, including 350 children receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Patients were followed up until 1 month after the intervention period. Fecal samples and data were analyzed between September 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Eligibility criteria included 3 months to 18 years of age and recruitment within 24 hours following initiation of broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics. In total, 646 eligible patients were approached and 350 participated in the trial.

Intervention

Participants were randomly assigned to receive daily placebo or a multispecies probiotic formulation consisting of 8 strains from 5 different genera during antibiotic treatment and for 7 days afterward.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Fecal stool samples were collected at 4 predefined times: (1) inclusion, (2) last day of antibiotic use, (3) last day of the study intervention, and (4) 1 month after intervention. Microbiota analysis was performed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

Results

A total of 350 children were randomized and collected stool samples from 88 were eligible for the microbiota analysis (54 boys and 34 girls; mean [SD] age, 47.09 [55.64] months). Alpha diversity did not significantly differ between groups at the first 3 times. Shannon diversity (mean [SD], 3.56 [0.75] vs 3.09 [1.00]; P = .02) and inverse Simpson diversity (mean [SD], 3.75 [95% CI, 1.66-5.82] vs −1.31 [95% CI, −3.17 to 0.53]; P = 1 × 10−4) indices were higher in the placebo group compared with the probiotic group 1 month after intervention. Beta diversity was not significantly different at any of the times. Three of 5 supplemented genera had higher relative abundance during probiotic supplementation, but this difference had disappeared after 1 month.

Conclusions and Relevance

The studied probiotic mixture had minor and transient effects on the microbiota composition during and after antibiotic treatment. Further research is needed to understand their working mechanisms in manipulating the microbiome and preventing antibiotic-associated dysbiosis and adverse effects such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03334604
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signalling in the heart: exploring emerging perspectives in cardiopathology
Authors: Phan Franck , Bourron Olivier , Foufelle Fabienne , Le Stunff Hervé , Hajduch Eric
Published: July 2024

Cardiometabolic disorders contribute to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Emerging sphingolipid metabolites like sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and its receptors, S1PRs, present a dynamic signalling axis significantly impacting cardiac homeostasis. S1P's intricate mechanisms extend to its transportation in the bloodstream by two specific carriers: high‐density lipoprotein particles and albumin. This intricate transport system ensures the accessibility of S1P to distant target tissues, influencing several physiological processes critical for cardiovascular health. This review delves into the diverse functions of S1P and S1PRs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the heart. Emphasis is placed on their diverse roles in modulating cardiac health, spanning from cardiac contractility, angiogenesis, inflammation, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The intricate interplays involving S1P and its receptors are analysed concerning different cardiac cell types, shedding light on their respective roles in different heart diseases. We also review the therapeutic applications of targeting S1P/S1PRs in cardiac diseases, considering existing drugs like Fingolimod, as well as the prospects and challenges in developing novel therapies that selectively modulate S1PRs.
Real‐world performance of plasma p‐tau181 in a heterogeneous memory clinic cohort
Authors: Parvizi Tandis , Wurm Raphael , König Theresa , Silvaieh Sara , Altmann Patrick , Klotz Sigrid , Regelsberger Guenther , Traub‐Weidinger Tatjana , Gelpi Ellen , Stögmann Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

Objective

In light of clinical trials and disease‐modifying therapies, an early identification of patients at‐risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial. Blood‐based biomarkers have shown promising results regarding the in vivo detection of the earliest neuropathological changes in AD. Herein, we investigated the ability of plasma p‐tau181 to act as a prescreening marker for amyloid positivity in a heterogeneous memory clinic‐based cohort.

Methods

In this retrospective cross‐sectional study, we included a total of 115 patients along the clinical AD continuum (mild cognitive impairment [MCI] due to AD, n = 62, probable AD dementia, n = 53). Based on their biomarker status, they were stratified into an amyloid‐positive (Aβ+, n = 88) or amyloid‐negative cohort (Aβ−, n = 27). Plasma and CSF p‐tau181 concentrations were quantified using an ultrasensitive single‐molecule array (SIMOA©). Furthermore, age‐ and sex‐adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated and the area under the curve (AUC) of each model was compared using DeLong's test for correlated AUC curves.

Results

The median (interquartile range [IQR]) concentration of plasma p‐tau181 was significantly higher in Aβ+ patients (3.6 pg/mL [2.5–4.6]), compared with Aβ− patients (1.7 pg/mL [1.2–1.9], p < 0.001). Regarding the distinction between Aβ+ and Aβ− patients and the prediction of amyloid positivity, a high diagnostic accuracy for plasma p‐tau181 with an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82–0.95) was calculated. Adding the risk factors, age and APOE4, to the model did not significantly improve its performance.

Interpretation

Our findings demonstrate that plasma p‐tau181 could be a noninvasive and feasible prescreening marker for amyloid positivity in a heterogeneous clinical AD cohort and therefore help in identifying those who would benefit from more invasive assessment of amyloid pathology.
Biomass Chitin Nanofiber Separators Proactively Stabilizing Zinc Anodes for Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Qunhao , Zhao Jiangqi , Zhang Jian , Li Mei , Tan Feipeng , Xue Xiaolin , Sui Zengyan , Zou Yuefei , Zhang Xi , Zhang Wei , Lu Canhui
Published: July 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have generated extensive research attention for stationary energy storage, due to their advantaged superiority in terms of inherent safety, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth and side reactions of the Zn anode affect the cycle life of ZIBs. Conventional separators are almost ineffective in inhibiting these issues. Herein, a chitin nanofiber membrane separator is developed to tackle these issues via a simple, low‐cost, and scalable strategy. The obtained separator exhibits abundant zincophilic functional groups, homogeneous nanopores, and excellent mechanical properties, which facilitate the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ ions, improve the Zn2+ transference number, and homogenize the ion flux, simultaneously. Moreover, the separator can also reduce the deposition barrier, and accelerate Zn2+ deposition kinetics. Therefore, Zn dendrites and harmful side reactions are effectively and synchronously suppressed, enabling the assembled ZIBs with an ultralong cycle life and good rate capability. Impressively, the assembled Zn‐MnO2 pouch cell exhibits excellent stability and safety under various external damages. The above highlights mark a significant step toward the practical application of ZIBs.
Enhancing Volumetric Energy Density of LiFePO4 Battery Using Liquid Metal as Conductive Agent
Authors: Zhu Renjie , Liu Ganxiong , Qu Ge , Li Xueyang , Chen Xinlong , Wan Wang , Wang Chao , Huang Yunhui
Published: July 2024

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is a widely utilized cathode material in lithium‐ion batteries, prized for its safety, low cost, and extensive cycling lifespan. However, its low compaction density limits its application in batteries requiring high volumetric energy density. The inclusion of conductive carbon black in electrodes, while increasing porosity, also exacerbates side reactions due to its high specific surface area. In this study, the use of liquid metal (GaIn) nanoparticles is explored as a substitute for carbon black in electrode formulations. GaIn nanoparticles' stable oxide film prevents oxidation at cathode potential. Additionally, liquid metal improves the particle interface to a solid‐liquid interface, reducing particle friction and providing a lubricating effect, resulting in a denser electrode structure. As a result, the porosity of LiFePO4 electrodes prepared with liquid metal is reduced, leading to a 20.7% increase in volumetric energy density. Moreover, GaIn‐containing batteries exhibit fewer side reactions, especially at elevated temperatures in both liquid and solid battery configurations. Solid‐state batteries employing GaIn nanoparticles demonstrate a specific capacity of 144 mAh g−1 at 0.5C, showcasing superior cycling performance compared to traditional formulations. This underscores the potential of GaIn to elevate the performance of LiFePO4 batteries.
Organic Cations Texture Zinc Metal Anodes for Deep Cycling Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Ma Guoqiang , Yuan Wentao , Li Xiaotong , Bi Tongqiang , Niu Linhuan , Wang Yue , Liu Mengyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Shen Zhaoxi , Zhang Ning
Published: July 2024

Manipulating the crystallographic orientation of zinc (Zn) metal to expose more (002) planes is promising to stabilize Zn anodes in aqueous electrolytes. However, there remain challenges involving the non‐epitaxial electrodeposition of highly (002) textured Zn metal and the maintenance of (002) texture under deep cycling conditions. Herein, a novel organic imidazolium cations‐assisted non‐epitaxial electrodeposition strategy to texture electrodeposited Zn metals is developed. Taking the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation (Bmim+) as a paradigm additive, the as‐prepared Zn film ((002)‐Zn) manifests a compact structure and a highly (002) texture without containing (100) signal. Mechanistic studies reveal that Bmim+ featuring oriented adsorption on the Zn‐(002) plane can reduce the growth rate of (002) plane to render the final exposure of (002) texture, and homogenize Zn nucleation and suppress H2 evolution to enable the compact electrodeposition. In addition, the formulated Bmim+‐containing ZnSO4 electrolyte effectively sustains the (002) texture even under deep cycling conditions. Consequently, the combination of (002) texture and Bmim+‐containing electrolyte endows the (002)‐Zn electrode with superior cycling stability over 350 h under 20 mAh cm−2 with 72.6% depth‐of‐discharge, and assures the stable operation of full Zn batteries with both coin‐type and pouch‐type configurations, significantly outperforming the (002)‐Zn and commercial Zn‐based batteries in Bmim+‐free electrolytes.
A Cantaloupe‐Rind‐Inspired Nanostructured Textile Catalyst for Enhanced and Recoverable Performance in High‐Temperature Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Hidaka Shigekazu , Maegawa Yoshifumi , Goto Yasutomo , Okamoto Takumi , Higashi Shougo , Hikita Yasuyuki
Published: July 2024

Electrodes with a maximal active site density are critical for high‐performance high‐temperature electrochemical cells (HTECs). One widely employed approach involves the use of porous nanostructures with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio. However, their active site densities inevitably decrease owing to particle aggregation induced at high temperatures, necessitating further development of electrode processing techniques. Taking Pt/yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) interface as a model system, a Pt nanostructured textile akin to the cantaloupe‐rind pattern with high mechanical integrity is fabricated. Application of an AC voltage to this textile electrode at an elevated temperature reduces the Pt particle size from submicron to 10–80 nm forming a nanocomposite with YSZ, accompanied by a 40‐fold increase in current density under high‐temperature water electrolysis conditions. Furthermore, the AC voltage application to a partially aggregated electrode restores its nano‐blended structure associated with the recovery of its activity. This technique is effective in counteracting particle aggregation on demand, providing an alternative approach to achieve high performance and extended lifetimes in HTECs.
Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes with Ultralow Drive Voltage Realized by Auger‐Assisted Energy Up‐Conversion
Authors: Ohisa Satoru , Motomura Genichi , Mizoguchi Syoki , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Chiba Takayuki
Published: July 2024

Reducing the driving voltage is a long‐term and important challenge in the development of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) because the light‐emission threshold voltage cannot be below the theoretical limit of the emitter's bandgap divided by the elementary charge. Here, green perovskite nanocrystal (PeNC) LEDs are inverted that emit light at ultralow voltages (below the theoretical limit) realized by efficient Auger‐assisted energy up‐conversion at the interface of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) electron injection layer and PeNC light‐emission layers. The up‐conversion utilizes the recombination energy of the charge‐transfer excitons. After modifying the interface by plasma treatment of the ZnO NPs and by inserting an organic interlayer between the ZnO NPs and PeNCs, the device performance is dramatically improved from that of the unmodified PeNC LED. The threshold voltage at which the emission spectrum can be observed is 1.55 V, substantially lower than 2.34 V (the PeNC emitter's bandgap divided by the elementary charge). Moreover, after mixing an organic aromatic semiconductor compound in the PeNC light‐emission layer, the carrier balance is regulated and the threshold voltage is further reduced to 1.30 V.
Advancing Sustainable Building Materials: Reducing Formaldehyde Emissions in Medium Density Fiber Boards with Lignin Nanoparticles
Authors: Dorieh Ali , Pahlavan Farideh , Hájková Kateřina , Hýsek Štěpán , Farajollah Pour Mohammad , H. Fini Elham
Published: July 2024

The pressing need to develop eco‐friendly polymer materials for building applications has led to increased interest in modifying existing polymer systems. In this study, a sustainable approach to augmenting urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins, widely employed in wood‐based panels is introduced. Addressing this, formaldehyde‐scavenger demethylated lignin nanoparticles into UF resins, aiming to produce a green and enhanced medium‐density‐fiberboard (MDF) with minimal formaldehyde emissions is incorporated. The results indicate that increasing concentrations of demethylated lignin nanoparticles in the UF adhesive, there is not only a reduction in formaldehyde emissions from MDF composites but also a significant decrease in thickness swelling. The highest reduction in formaldehyde emission is observed in the MDF composite prepared with UF resin containing 7% lignin nanoparticles (UF‐7NL), with an emission of 2.9 mg/100 g, marking a substantial decrease of 74% compared to emission of 11.2 mg/100 g from neat resin. Importantly, this reduction does not compromise physical and mechanical properties of the MDF; they remain comparable to boards bonded with unmodified UF. Molecular modeling revealed that lignin effectively traps formaldehyde, incorporating it as ‐CH2OH groups, leading to a notable decrease in formaldehyde emission from MDF. This approach offers an eco‐friendly modification to a common polymer, showcasing lignin nanoparticles as innovative additives.
Inhalational Delivery of β‐glucan‐chitosan‐poly(lactic co‐glycolic) acid Nanoparticles Enhance Alveolar Macrophage Rifampin Concentrations for the Treatment of Tuberculosis
Authors: Kutscher Hilliard L. , Tamblin Maria , Karki Shanta , Chaves Lee , Baird Marissa , Parvin Afrin , Smith Evon , Dube Admire , Zhang Zhaoqi , Chakraborty Saptarshi , Kenney Patrick , Reynolds Jessica L.
Published: July 2024

Despite multiple treatments for tuberculosis (TB), there are ≈10 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths annually, warranting the need for new therapeutics. Major clinical treatment issues include the length of treatment which is associated with patient non‐compliance; and poor cellular drug penetration leading to the generation of drug‐resistant strains. This study underscores the potential of β‐glucan‐chitosan (CS) poly(lactic co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as a promising immunostimulatory adjunct for TB treatment. To facilitate drug delivery to alveolar macrophage, a CS‐PLGA nanoparticle is developed containing rifampin in the core with β‐glucan as a surface ligand, to stimulate the immune system. Mice are administered a single dose of nanoparticles or free rifampin by oropharyngeal aspiration. Pharmacokinetic investigations reveal sustained release properties of rifampin in vivo, extending over a week. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis indicates stimulation of the innate immune system, as evidenced by cytokine profiling, while concurrently revealing no detrimental effects on the alveolar epithelium, as indicated by histological examination and albumin lung leak assessment. These findings collectively establish a strong foundation for the development of a novel adjuvant immunotherapy approach for TB.
Dielectric Barrier Plasma Discharge Exsolution of Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: ul Haq Atta , Fanelli Fiorenza , Bekris Leonidas , Martin Alex Martinez , Lee Steve , Khalid Hessan , Savaniu Cristian D. , Kousi Kalliopi , Metcalfe Ian S. , Irvine John T. S. , Maguire Paul , Papaioannou Evangelos I. , Mariotti Davide
Published: July 2024

Exsolution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on perovskite oxides has been demonstrated as a reliable strategy for producing catalyst‐support systems. Conventional exsolution requires high temperatures for long periods of time, limiting the selection of support materials. Plasma direct exsolution is reported at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of Ni NPs from a model A‐site deficient perovskite oxide (La0.43Ca0.37Ni0.06Ti0.94O2.955). Plasma exsolution is carried out within minutes (up to 15 min) using a dielectric barrier discharge configuration both with He‐only gas as well as with He/H2 gas mixtures, yielding small NPs (<30 nm diameter). To prove the practical utility of exsolved NPs, various experiments aimed at assessing their catalytic performance for methanation from synthesis gas, CO, and CH4 oxidation are carried out. Low‐temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma exsolution are successfully demonstrated and suggest that this approach could contribute to the practical deployment of exsolution‐based stable catalyst systems.
Gas Molecule Assisted All‐Inorganic Dual‐Interface Passivation Strategy for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Fancong , Xu Lin , Xing Jiahe , Wu Yanjie , Zhang Yuhong , Zhang Huan , Hu Chencheng , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Song Hongwei
Published: July 2024

The trap states at both the upper and bottom interfaces of perovskite layers significantly impact non‐radiative carrier recombination. The widely used solvent‐based passivation methods result in the disordered distribution of surface components, posing challenges for the commercial application of large‐area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this issue, a novel NH3 gas‐assisted all‐inorganic dual‐interfaces passivation strategy is proposed. Through the gas treatment of the perovskite surface, NH3 molecules significantly enhanced the iodine vacancy formation energy (1.54 eV) and bonded with uncoordinated Pb2+ to achieve non‐destructive passivation. Meanwhile, the reduction of the film defect states is accompanied by a decrease in the work function, which promotes carrier transport between the interface. Further, a stable passivation layer is constructed to manage the bottom interfacial defects using inorganic potassium tripolyphosphate (PT), whose ─P═O group effectively mitigated the charged defects and lowered the carrier transport barriers and nucleation barriers of PVK, while the gradient distribution of K+ improved the crystalline quality of PVK film. Based on the dual‐interface synergistic effect, the optimal MA‐contained PSCs with an effective area of 0.1 cm2 achieved an efficiency of 24.51% and can maintain 90% of the initial value after aging (10−20% RH and 20 °C) for 2000 h.
Topological‐Insulator Nanocomposite and Graphite‐Like Tribo‐Charge‐Accumulating Fabric Enabling High‐performance Non‐Contact Stretchable and Textile‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Robust Charge Retention
Authors: Chou Syun‐Hong , Chen Yi‐Ting , Yan Zhi‐Xian , Lu Tzu‐Ching , Wu Tai‐Chen , Lu Ming‐Han , Ko Tien‐Yu , Peng Wei‐Chen , Chen Jiann‐Yeu , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Chen San‐Yuan , Chen Chih‐Yen , Lai Ying‐Chih
Published: July 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have revealed fascinating potential in multifaceted wearables. However, their reliance on physical contact and separation from human bodies presents drawbacks for efficient energy collection, especially over large areas. Herein, the first stretchable non‐contact TENG textile is proposed using a topological insulator nanocomposite coating (triboelectric layer) and a graphite‐like fabric (tribo‐charges reservoir). This design encompasses the capture, transporting, and storage of tribo‐charges, leading to enhanced device performance (452 V, 1.96 mA  m−2, and 179 mW m−2) and prolonged tribo‐charges retention time (5000 min). During non‐contact operation, the output remained at 382 V (318 µA m−2), 123 V (59 µA m−2), and 94 V (23 µA m−2) for separation distances of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 cm, respectively. Additionally, it exhibits excellent stretchability (>100% strain). Notably, its performance during non‐contact operation and mechanical freedom surpasses those of previous reports, enabling both wearable non‐contact biomechanical energy harvesting and deformable self‐powered proximity sensing. Its applicability is comprehensively examined for non‐contact harvesting of body‐motion energy in garments and driving electronics. Finally, its application as a self‐powered touchless interface for system‐level applications is demonstrated. These results provide new directions for developing non‐contact biomechanical energy harvesting and sensing, enabling advancements in autonomous wearables and Metaverse applications.
Valorization of Waste Biomass to Biofuels for Power Production and Transportation in Optimized Way: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jamil Farrukh , Inayat Abrar , Hussain Murid , Akhter Parveen , Abideen Zainul , Ghenai Chaouki , Shanableh Abdallah , Abdellatief Tamer M. M.
Published: July 2024

Fossil fuels are primary sources for energy production. Increased dependence on fossil fuels has resulted in increased environmental issues demanding alternative sources. Bioenergy is becoming a popular alternative energy source due to its positive environmental impact and the availability of renewable sources. However, the availability of renewable energy sources in the energy sector currently contributes to about 14%. Biofuels are preferred due to its sustainability, eco‐friendly approach, and low‐cost raw materials, making it an efficient technique for energy production. This article provides the fundamental and applied concepts for on conversion processes of biomass to biofuels, such as combustion, pyrolysis, fermentation, gasification, and anaerobic digestion along with their role in the green economy. Different physical characteristics of biomass resources are important and contribute to determining their potential for producing biofuels. Herein, LCA, its techno‐economic importance, and the role of biomass in green economy are explained. Varying compositions and properties of different types of biomass resources, including lignocellulosic feedstocks, agriculture and forest residue, municipal solid waste, food waste, and animal manure as potential biomass resources, have been discussed. The article explains the strengths and weaknesses of different thermochemical conversion techniques and their current input toward scalar applications and commercialization.
Optimizing spiral‐wound pervaporation membrane modules through simulation: Unraveling the permeate spacer structure
Authors: Lu Xiaotian , Huang Jiachen , Pinelo Manuel , Chen Guoqiang , Wan Yinhua , Luo Jianquan
Published: July 2024

For low‐pressure pervaporation, the performance of spiral wound pervaporation membrane (SWM‐PV) module is significantly influenced by permeate spacer structure. This study addresses mass transport challenges in SWM‐PV modules, focusing on increased gas flow resistance and vacuum attenuation due to membrane envelope deformation in the permeate side channel. Employing fluid and structural simulation models to evaluate phase change and membrane deformation, we successfully optimized SWM‐PV module configurations for improved ethanol recovery. Our strategies included a mass transfer‐enhanced feed spacer to mitigate concentration polarization, a high‐strength permeate spacer to alleviate membrane deformation, and tailored membrane envelopes to balance packing density and mass transfer efficiency. These synergistic optimizations led to a 22.1% improvement in ethanol mass transfer coefficient and a 78.5% reduction in module's specific energy consumption. Our work reveals the importance of permeate spacer structure in optimizing SWM‐PV modules, offering clear guidance for the development of mass transfer‐enhanced SWM‐PV modules.
Height and integration in proximity networks among Tanzanian Hadza men
Authors: Fedurek Piotr , Danel Dariusz , Aktipis Athena , Berbesque J. Colette , Cronk Lee , Makambi E. Jerryson , Lehmann Julia , Mabulla Ibrahim , Koziel Slawomir
Published: July 2024

In recent years there has been much interest in investigating the extent to which social status or prestige are related to an individual's degree of integration in social networks. It has been shown that, among hunter‐gatherers, social characteristics of an individual based on social status or prestige, such foraging reputation, friendship popularity, and pro‐social reputation, can influence the extent to which an individual is embedded in a social network. However, little is known regarding the extent to which height, a physical trait that in Western societies is often associated with social status, is associated in integration in social networks among small‐scale hunter gatherers. Here, we investigated the relationship between height and a position an individual occupies in proximity networks among Hadza men (n = 30), hunter‐gatherers living in Northern Tanzania. The results of our study show that height is not related to the position an individual maintains in proximity networks. We argue that, in a relatively egalitarian small‐scale hunter‐gatherer societies such as the Hadza, social interactions driving proximity networks might be influenced by social traits, such as popularity and hunting reputation, rather than physical traits, such as height.
Autistic traits in youth with familial adenomatous polyposis: A Dutch–Canadian case–control study
Authors: Danieli Polina Perlman , Hoang Ny , Selvanayagam Thanuja , Yang Alvin , Breetvelt Elemi , Tabbers Merit , Cohen Christine , Aelvoet Arthur S. , Trost Brett , Ward Thomas , Semotiuk Kara , Durno Carol , Aronson Melyssa , Cohen Zane , Dekker Evelien , Vorstman Jacob
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the neurodevelopmental impact of pathogenic adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene variants in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a cancer predisposition syndrome. We hypothesized that certain pathogenic APC variants result in behavioral–cognitive challenges. We compared 66 FAP patients (cases) and 34 unaffected siblings (controls) to explore associations between APC variants and behavioral and cognitive challenges. Our findings indicate that FAP patients exhibited higher Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores, suggesting a greater prevalence of autistic traits when compared to unaffected siblings (mean 53.8 vs. 47.4, Wilcoxon p = 0.018). The distribution of SRS scores in cases suggested a bimodal pattern, potentially linked to the location of the APC variant, with scores increasing from the 5′ to 3′ end of the gene (Pearson's r = 0.33, p = 0.022). While we observed a trend toward lower educational attainment in cases, this difference was not statistically significant. This study is the first to explore the connection between APC variant location and neurodevelopmental traits in FAP, expanding our understanding of the genotype–phenotype correlation. Our results emphasize the importance of clinical assessment for autistic traits in FAP patients, shedding light on the potential role of APC gene variants in these behavioral and cognitive challenges.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐11 regulates inverted papilloma epithelial cell migration and invasion
Authors: Panara Kush , Hui Tan Li , Keshari Deepa , Tong Charles C. L. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Cohen Noam A. , Kohanski Michael A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor characterized by epithelial proliferation, which has the potential for malignant transformation. However, the mechanisms driving this transformation are poorly defined. Matrix metalloproteinase‐11 (MMP‐11), a regulator of the tumor microenvironment that degrades extracellular matrix, is upregulated in IP with dysplasia. Here, we aim to investigate the role of MMP‐11 in IP epithelial migration and invasion.

Methods

Human IP and contralateral normal sinus mucosa (control) samples were obtained. IP‐derived epithelial cultures and normal mucosa‐derived epithelial cultures were grown in air‒liquid interface, followed by immunostaining to assess MMP‐11 expression in IP. Migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the role of an anti‐MMP‐11 antibody on IP and control epithelial cultures.

Results

IP‐derived cultures demonstrated strong MMP‐11 expression compared to controls. Treatment with anti‐MMP‐11 blocking antibody significantly reduced epithelial migration only in IP‐derived cells compared to non‐treated IP cells, as seen by incomplete wound closure and reduced transepithelial resistance. In addition, inhibition of MMP‐11 reduced IP epithelia's ability to invade through collagen‐coated transwells, suggesting that MMP‐11 plays a role in invasion.

Conclusion

We established an in vitro model to study IP‐derived epithelial cells. MMP‐11 is uniquely expressed in IP epithelial cultures compared to control epithelial cultures. Inhibition of MMP‐11 limits IP epithelial migration and invasion to levels similar to that of normal sinus mucosa. MMP‐11 does not appear to have a functional role in normal sinus epithelium, suggesting that MMP‐11 has a role in malignant transformation of IP.