bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indonesia’s Acceptance of The International Monetary Fund’s Letter of Intent (1997-1998)
Authors: Asyidiqi Hasbi
Published: February 2025

This thesis explores why Indonesia accepted the conditions set by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its Letter of Intent during the 1997–1998 financial crisis. Using foreign policy theory, particularly the concepts of autonomy and welfare, this study examines the difficult choices Indonesia faced in navigating the crisis. A qualitative approach, primarily based on literature review, is used to analyze the government’s decision-making process. The findings reveal that the 1997–1998 crisis placed Indonesia in an urgent financial situation, forcing the government to seek assistance from the IMF to stabilize the economy and safeguard public welfare. However, this aid came with strict conditions, requiring Indonesia to implement economic reforms dictated by the IMF. As a result, the country had to compromise its policy autonomy, accepting external influence over key economic decisions. This study sheds light on the dilemma Indonesia faced: balancing the urgent need for economic recovery with the long-term implications of reduced sovereignty in policymaking. It also provides insights into how financial crises push nations into difficult negotiations with international institutions. By understanding Indonesia’s experience, this research contributes to broader discussions on the complex relationship between economic stability and national autonomy, particularly for developing countries in times of crisis.
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Penggunaan Teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Mendukung Pembelajaran Matematika yang Adaptif
Authors: Tyaningsih Ratna Yulis , Gilang Primajati  , Eka Kurniawan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to identify the need for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in supporting adaptive mathematics learning. The subjects of this research are students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, who are enrolled in mathematics courses. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection instruments used are observation and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 96% of students are accustomed to using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology for learning, with 31% reporting usage "every day" and 58,6% reporting usage "several times a week", etc.; (2) several AI-integrated applications commonly used by students include ChatGPT (Open AI), Gemini, Meta, Perplexity, Question AI, etc.; (3) AI technology is capable of providing students with more detailed information from various references, even by simply uploading a photo or image, and it can assist with academic tasks, though attention must still be given to limitations and ethics.
The Distribution of Phytoplankton in Mangroves, Seagrass Beds, and Coral Reefs Ecosystem in West Sekotong Coastal, West Lombok
Authors: Mardiati Aina Ul , Candri Dining Aidil , Astuti Sri Puji , Ahyadi Hilman , Sukiman
Published: February 2025

The West Sekotong coastal area, which includes mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef ecosystems, is rich in marine biota, particularly phytoplankton communities. These ecosystems have been designated as conservation areas; however, increasing exploitation and disturbances in the region have impacted the presence and distribution of phytoplankton. This study aimed to assess the distribution, abundance, and species diversity of phytoplankton across these three ecosystems. Using purposive sampling, phytoplankton communities were identified microscopically, revealing a total of 742 phytoplankton cells, with 264 cells in the mangrove, 258 cells in seagrass, and 220 cells in the coral reef ecosystems. The class Bacillariophyceae dominated across all ecosystems. Specific species dominance varied, with Skeletonema costatum prevailing in mangroves, Nitzschia sigmoidhea in seagrass, and Coscinodiscus radiatus in coral reefs. The highest similarity index (35.89%) was observed between mangrove and seagrass ecosystems, while the lowest (30.87%) occurred between mangrove and coral reefs. The species richness index (R) was high in all ecosystems, ranging from 6.45 to 10.26, and dominance indices were low, indicating a balanced community structure. Environmental parameters measured across the ecosystems showed no significant differences and met the quality standards for marine biota as per KEPMENLH No 51 2004.
Development of Canva-based Interactive Learning Media for Elementary School IPAS Learning
Authors: Nisyaa Fithrotin , Suratno  , Widodo Susilo Tri
Published: February 2025

In learning activities, teachers must create a pleasant atmosphere so that students do not feel bored and inactive. This is because the learning used by the teacher has not yet been linked to digital. In the use of learning media, the teacher has not been fully varied. This study aims to produce Canva-based interactive learning media development products, test the feasibility of Canva-based interactive learning media, and analyze the validity of Canva-based interactive learning media. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research and development method using the ADDIE development model which has five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Instruments used to collect data: pretest, posttest, and questionnaire. Material expert validity test data and media expert validation were analyzed using descriptive percentage techniques. The results of the expert validator test were obtained: the assessment of the material expert validator obtained a percentage of 92% which indicated very feasible criteria. The evaluation of the media specialist validator obtained a percentage of 96% which showed that the media was very doable. N Gain test data shows an increase in student learning outcomes. Student and teacher response data on Canva-based interactive learning media used, among others: small group student responses obtained a percentage of 97.77%, large group student responses obtained a percentage of 97.08%, and teachers obtained a percentage of 100%. Based on the value obtained, the Canva-based interactive learning media in elementary school IPAS learning can be said to be very feasible to use in learning.
The Influence of Project Based Learning LKPD in Improving 21st Century Skills for Class V Elementary School Students
Authors: Marlina Rina , Miaz Yavelma , F Farida , Ardipal
Published: February 2025

This research aims to provide an influence on the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on Project Based Learning (PBL) on improving 21st century skills in fifth grade elementary school students. The problem raised is the low development of critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication skills in students who use conventional learning methods. This research uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental design. The research sample consisted of 60 students who were divided into two groups: 30 students in the experimental group who used PBL-based LKPD and 30 students in the control group who used conventional LKPD. The instruments used include skills tests, observation sheets, and student perception questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the t test (t-test). The research results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in critical thinking skills by 18.53%, creativity by 16.82%, collaboration by 19.31%, and communication by 14.21%. Meanwhile, the control group only experienced an increase of 9.11%, 7.62%, 8.43% and 6.71% respectively. In conclusion, PBL-based LKPD is significantly more effective in improving 21st century skills in elementary school students compared to conventional learning methods. These findings support the implementation of PBL as an effective learning strategy at the basic education level.
Development of a Formative Assessment Model for the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project for the Independent Curriculum
Authors: Sari Ranti Ermina , Ambiyar  , Giatman Muhammad , Adri Muhammad
Published: February 2025

This study aims to develop a valid, practical and effective formative assessment Project models for Strengthening Pancasila Student Profiles for use at SMK Negeri 4 Payakumbuh. This model was developed using the Borg and Gall method which refers to the development of Puslitjaknov which consists of the stages of analysis, development, validation, testing and implementation. The results of the study are in the form of the Formative Assessment Model consisting of Diagnostic Activity Syntax, Preparation Activities, Implementation Activities, Monitoring Activities, Assessment Activities, and Evaluation Activities. The Formative Assessment Model has been tested using a model book with a Validity value of 0.89, a model guidebook with a validity value of 0.91 and declared Valid. The practicality of the model obtained a value of 96.65% with a very practical category. The effectiveness of using the H-Gain Score test in the Experimental Class was 0.723 or 72.32 with the Effective category. This finding can be interpreted that the Formative Assessment Model is effective for measuring the development of the Pancasila Student Profile character.
Imaginário jurídico: a relação do totalitarismo na Europa ocidental do século XX, com a obra “1984” de George Orwell
Authors: Mesquita Andrey Kaiki de Almeida
Published: February 2025

Os movimentos totalitários ganharam força especialmente na Europa Ocidental do século XX, destacando-se regimes como o nazismo na Alemanha (1933-1945), o fascismo na Itália (1922-1943) e o comunismo na ex-União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas-URSS (1922-1991), deixando rastros de destruição com suas políticas de extermínio, assim a temática do presente artigo é analisar as características que auxiliaram a consolidação desses regimes, especialmente as estratégias relacionadas com as questões do imaginário, exemplificando assuntos como a censura, propagandas partidárias e a ideologia do terror serão alguns dos tópicos analisados nesse estudo. A maneira metodológica encontrada para discutir esses temas foi fazer comparações e analogias com a obra literária “1984” do autor George Orwell, escrita em 1949, que abordou conceitos como o “duplipensar”, crime de pensamento, a “novalíngua”, e a mutabilidade do passado. Esses conceitos são referências às políticas utilizadas nos países totalitários de implementação dos desejos de seus líderes, sobretudo na manipulação da verdade como forma de dominar a mente humana. Dessa forma, a metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa é do tipo qualitativa desenvolvida por meio da revisão bibliográfica envolvendo artigos científicos, livros e documentos eletrônicos que versam sobre este assunto.
O comércio eletrônico de medicamentos e a fiscalização sanitária em tempos de pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Martins Mary Anne Fontenele , Scherer Magda Duarte dos Anjos , Silva Carlos Renato Ponte da
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar o processo da fiscalização sanitária de medicamentos na internet e analisar o perfil das medidas sanitárias determinadas pela autoridade reguladora nacional, no período de 01/01/2020 a 31/03/2021. Uma pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva e documental foi realizada em 2021, com base nas leis e documentos que caracterizam o processo de fiscalização, nas medidas sanitárias e em dados resultantes de pesquisas na internet. Em 15 meses de pandemia, houve aumento do comércio eletrônico e da propaganda irregular de medicamentos como emagrecedores, anabolizantes, produtos “ditos naturais”, dentre outros, geralmente relacionados à imagem corporal ou à experiência de saúde e bem-estar. Em 80% dos não registrados que continuaram circulando na internet, mesmo após decisão do poder federal proibindo e determinando sua apreensão/inutilização, constatou-se a propaganda e a comercialização indevida de supostos medicamentos que contrariam a legislação sanitária do Brasil e confirmam o alerta da OMS sobre o consumo crescente desses produtos pela população.
Transdermal drug delivery system: A tool for NDDS
Authors: Niranjan D. Waghmare  , Kanchan A. Hiwe  , Kanchan A. Hiwe  , Pooja R. Hatwar  , Supriya S. Barewar  , Purva P. Bhoyar
Published: February 2025

Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) specializes to explore new methods that can efficiently and painlessly transmit better molecules in therapeutic quantity to overcome the difficulties allied with oral route, namely poor bioavailability due to first pass metabolism and receptiveness to produce rapid blood level. Transdermal drug delivery gets improved the therapeutic effectiveness and security of drugs by more site-specific way but spatial and temporal placement within body is necessary to reduce both the size and number of doses essential to achieve the objective of systemic medication through topical application to the intact skin surface. Transdermal patches deliver the drugs for systemic effects at a predetermined and controlled rate. Through a diffusion process, the drug enters the bloodstream directly through the skin. The success of all the TDDS depends on the skill of the drug to permeate skin in sufficient quantities to achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
This review discusses the details mechanism of TDDS including its basic components as well as the permeable enhancers. It also provides the limitations and benefits of the Transdermal Drug Delivery System. The recent innovations, nanocarriers and Future prospects of TDDS is also discussed in this review.
Effects of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Criteria Changes for Schizophrenia on Diagnoses of First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Cho WooRi , Kim Sung-Wan , Won Seung-Hee , Lee Bong-Ju , Tsujino Naohisa , Takubo Youji , Yamaguchi Taiju , Nemoto Takahiro , Li Ling , Le Thi-Hung , Rami Fatima Zahra , Chung Young-Chul
Published: February 2025

Objective Impact of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) changes on the criteria for schizophrenia (SZ) has been reported to be minimal in previous studies. However, this could be different in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FE-SSDs). We investigated what proportion of patients with FE-SSDs was diagnosed based on the sole presence of bizarre delusions (BDs) or first rank auditory hallucinations (FRAHs). Their alternative diagnosis by the DSM-5 was established and diagnostic stability over 1-year was identified.Methods This was a retrospective review study on the medical records, case report forms for the subjects with FE-SSDs (n=404) participated in the Korea Early Psychosis Study. The two Japanese sites reviewed retrospectively only medical records of the subjects with FE-SSDs (n=103). We used three different definitions of BDs (strict, narrow, and broad) and specified subtypes of Other Specified Schizophrenia spectrum and Other psychotic disorders (OSSOs). To ensure inter-rater reliability between the hospitals, regular zoom meetings were held.Results Forty (7.89%) subjects out of 507 were found to be diagnosed as SSDs based on the sole presence of BDs or FRAHs. All these patients met the criteria of OSSOs and were classified as having pure delusion (n=22), delusion with attenuated auditory hallucinations (AHs) (n=5), pure AHs (n=3) and AHs with attenuated delusion (n=10). The patients with first and second subtypes (n=27) were found to have BDs. The BDs fulfilled mostly strict definitions or satisfied the next broadest definition. The diagnostic stability of FE-OSSOs and its subgroups (first and second subtypes) over 1-year was substantially high (70.27% and 84% respectively).Conclusion These findings suggest that more rigorous diagnostic assessment should be performed especially to differentiate OSSOs from SZ in patients with FE-SSDs and more refined classification of the subtypes for OSSOs considered in the next DSM revision.
Association of Rapidly Elevated Plasma Tau Protein With Cognitive Decline in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chu Che-Sheng , Lin Yu-Kai , Tsai Chia-Lin , Sung Yueh-Feng , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Lin Guan-Yu , Ko Chien-An , Liu Yi , Liang Chih-Sung , Yang Fu-Chi
Published: February 2025

Objective Whether elevation in plasma levels of amyloid and tau protein biomarkers are better indicators of cognitive decline than higher baseline levels in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains understudied.Methods We included 67 participants with twice testing for AD-related plasma biomarkers via immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays (amyloid beta [Aβ]1-40, Aβ1-42, total tau [t-Tau], phosphorylated tau [p-Tau] 181, and alpha-synuclein [α-Syn]) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) over a 1-year interval. We examined the correlation between biomarker levels (baseline vs. longitudinal change) and annual changes in the MMSE scores. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to compare the biomarkers.Results After adjustment, faster cognitive decline was correlated with lower baseline levels of t-Tau (β=0.332, p=0.030) and p-Tau 181 (β=0.369, p=0.015) and rapid elevation of t-Tau (β=-0.330, p=0.030) and p-Tau 181 levels (β=-0.431, p=0.004). However, the levels (baseline and longitudinal changes) of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and α-Syn were not correlated with cognitive decline. aMCI converters had lower baseline levels of p-Tau 181 (p=0.002) but larger annual changes (p=0.001) than aMCI non-converters. The change in p-Tau 181 levels showed better discriminatory capacity than the change in t-Tau levels in terms of identifying AD conversion in patients with aMCI, with an area under curve of 86.7% versus 72.2%.Conclusion We found changes in p-Tau 181 levels may be a suitable biomarker for identifying AD conversion.
Multidimensional Comparison of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children, a 12-Week, Open-Label, Head-to-Head Clinical Trial
Authors: Chen Lin , Du Wenran
Published: February 2025

Objective To compare the treatment efficacy of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on core symptoms, behavioral and emotional problems, and executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Sixty children with ADHD diagnosed by the fifth edition Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2023 to 2024 were randomly divided into methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups. Core symptoms were assessed using the Parent Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT). Behavioral and emotional problems were administered via the Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) and executive function was evaluated utilizing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Digit Span Test (DST). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 to identify discrepancies.Results When contrasted with the methylphenidate and atomoxetine groups at 12 weeks, their mean efficiency was no significant disparity (p>0.05). Notable statistical differences were evident in IVA-CPT, the inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity of SNAP-IV, and the psychosomatic disorder, anxiety, and hyperactivity-impulsivity of PSQ (p<0.05), yet in hyperactivity index, conduct, and learning difficulties of PSQ (p>0.05). No statistical significance was attributed to DST and the number of completed categories in WCST (p>0.05) but to response errors and perseverative errors (p<0.05).Conclusion Although both methylphenidate and atomoxetine are capable of effectively ameliorating ADHD, methylphenidate demonstrates a superior ability to improve core symptoms of ADHD, as well as address conduct problems, cognitive transfer abilities, and frontal lobe function in pediatric patients. Conversely, atomoxetine is the best choice for cases comorbid with anxiety.
Comparison of Suicide Completion Rate in Korean Students Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemics
Authors: Lee Kyungjin , Nam Boram , Seo Kyoil , Jo Eunkyung , Kim Seohyun , Shin Deokyong , Kim Aeju , Jeong Youngil , Kim Yeni
Published: February 2025

Objective This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously.Results The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017–2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020–2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, “absence due to medical reasons” showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods.Conclusion The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers’ reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.
Differential Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Repeated Continuous Performance Tests Among Healthy Young Men
Authors: Hsu Chung-Chih , Chen Tien-Yu , Li Jia-Yi , Kuo Terry B. J. , Yang Cheryl C. H.
Published: February 2025

Objective Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC).Methods We recruited 31 men aged 20–35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0.Results Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d’, including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d’ and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II.Conclusion A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.
Machine Learning Models to Identify Individuals With Imminent Suicide Risk Using a Wearable Device: A Pilot Study
Authors: Um Jumyung , Park Jongsu , Lee Dong Eun , Ahn Jae Eun , Baek Ji Hyun
Published: February 2025

Objective We aimed to determine whether individuals at immediate risk of suicide could be identified using data from a commercially available wearable device.Methods Thirty-nine participants experiencing acute depressive episodes and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls wore a commercially available wearable device (Galaxy Watch Active2) for two months. We collected data on activities, sleep, and physiological metrics like heart rate and heart rate variability using the wearable device. Participants rated their mood spontaneously twice daily on a Likert scale displayed on the device. Mood ratings by clinicians were performed at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8. The suicide risk was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale’s suicide item score (HAMD-3). We developed two predictive models using machine learning: a single-level model that processed all data simultaneously to identify those at immediate suicide risk (HAMD-3 scores ≥1) and a multilevel model. We compared the predictions of imminent suicide risk from both models.Results Both the single-step and multi-step models effectively predicted imminent suicide risk. The multi-step model outperformed the single-step model in predicting imminent suicide risk with area under the curve scores of 0.89 compared to 0.88. In the multi-step model, the HAMD total score and heart rate variability were most significant, whereas in the single-step model, the HAMD total score and diagnosis were key predictors.Conclusion Wearable devices are a promising tool for identifying individuals at immediate risk of suicide. Future research with more refined temporal resolution is recommended.
Motivation of Academic Success and its Relation to Smartphone Addiction and Stress Related to Academic Expectations in Turkish High School Students
Authors: Badawi Lana , Başar Gezgin Ulaş
Published: February 2025

This article examines three subjects concerning teenagers. First, consider the psychological condition of motivation, which pushes individuals to pursue and achieve goals, and how it affects teenagers. Second, smartphone addiction may disrupt daily activities and have a detrimental impact on well-being. It further adds that using a smartphone might cause difficulties such as decreased concentration in class and bad effects on physical and mental health. The article also discusses the phenomena of stress associated with academic expectations, as well as how distress caused by discontent or awareness of approaching failure is a substantial source of stress for students and may lead to mental health problems. This paper emphasizes the importance of being aware of these issues of adolescents. We present six possible hypotheses and analyse our variables to determine them. First, we use correlation to see whether there is a significant relationship between these three variables. Secondly, we discovered a strong positive association between motivation for academic performance and stress over expectations (p=.002). We also discovered a positive and significant correlation between stress regarding expectations and smartphone addiction (p=.026). Thirdly, we run an independent t-test to see whether there are any gender differences in our variables. Fourthly, we revealed a gender difference in the level of stress about expectations (p=.005). Additionally, we discovered a significant connection between our variables and demographic characteristics. We established a strong correlation between academic motivation and having a private space: Adolescents with rooms for themselves ranked significantly higher in motivation than those without private rooms (p=.015). Furthermore, we discover a difference in smartphone addiction between students whose parents are married and those whose parents are divorced (p=.016). Moreover, we discovered a significant effect of siblings on stress levels (p=.036). Furthermore, we discover a significant difference between grades in motivation for academic performance (p=.042) and stress linked to expectations (p=.048). We also found that age had a substantial influence on motivation for academic performance (p=.010) and stress related to expectations (p=.005). Overall, in this study, we looked at some of the impacts on students' psychology, the significance of family attitudes in the student's life, a variety of factors that influence the student's academic life, and a few of the issues and consequences they face today.
Keywords: Adolescents, motivation, stress, academic success, smartphone addiction.
Solving the Problem of "Many-to-One" Communicative Action: Re-designing the Webinar using Technology-Enabled Deliberative Theory
Authors: Esterling Kevin , Jang Euchan , Treves Ben , Adey Kelton
Published: February 2025

The theory of communicative action is well-developed for discursive situations where only one person can speak at a time, but the theory has not been extended to the situation where communicative action should arise in a many-to-one speaking situation. A many-to-one situation occurs whenever a speaker wishes to understand the diverse perspectives of an audience in real time during a meeting. A solution to the problem of many-to-one communicative action requires the speaker and the audience to express their perspectives and understand each other simultaneously, even when the audience scales to a large number of participants. We develop a normative framework to re-imagine the webinar, showing that innovative webinar technology motivated by deliberative theory enables us to envision the counterfactual of communicative action in the many-to-one speaking situation, and to develop design solutions to enable deliberation in this context. We describe a case study of an innovative webinar platform, called Prytaneum, that was developed using this framework. Our normative framework for many-to-one communicative action provides design best practices for the webinar industry and enables the development of new communication theory relevant to this setting.
Beyond Black Holes: The Theoretical Reality of White Holes
Authors: Navya
Published: February 2025

White holes, the theoretical time-reversed counterparts of black holes, emerge as solutions to Einstein’s field equations in general relativity. While black holes absorb matter and energy, white holes are predicted to expel them, making them impervious to external interactions. This paper delves into the mathematical foundations, physical interpretations, and observational challenges associated with white holes. We explore their potential connections to wormholes, their implications for the second law of thermodynamics, and their role in quantum gravity. Additionally, we discuss their cosmological significance, including the hypothesis that the Big Bang itself may have been a white hole event. Despite being a mathematically consistent solution, no observational evidence for white holes currently exists, posing fundamental questions about their physical plausibility
Implementation of singing groups for postnatal depression: experiences of participants and professional stakeholders in the SHAPER-PND randomised controlled trial
Authors: Han Emeline , Davis Rachel , Soukup Tayana , Bradbury Alexandra , Williams Julie , Lopez Maria Baldellou , Greenwood Lorna , Bind Rebecca , Estevao Carolina , Osborn Tim , Dye Hannah , Priestley Kristi , Rebecchini Lavinia , Hazelgrove Katie , Manoharan Manomani , Woods Anthony , Crane Nikki , Healey Andy , Dazzan Paola , Sevdalis Nick , Pariante Carmine , Fancourt Daisy , Bakolis Ioannis , Burton Alexandra
Published: February 2025

Background: There is a rapidly growing evidence base for the effectiveness of creative health interventions in improving mental health, but few studies have explored implementation and scaling of these interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of a ten-week singing group programme (Breathe Melodies for Mums (M4M)) for mothers experiencing symptoms of postnatal depression (PND) and their babies as well as the programme ingredients that affected these implementation outcomes. Methods: A mixed methods design was adopted. Quantitative data was collected via the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM) from 109 intervention participants at 6, 20, and 36 weeks and analysed descriptively. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 programme participants and 15 professional stakeholders involved in implementing the programme. Qualitative data were analysed using framework analysis.Results: Quantitative results showed high levels of acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility among M4M participants, with median scores of 5/5 achieved on the AIM, IAM and FIM at 20 and 36-week follow up. Qualitative results gave insights into the ingredients of M4M that made the programme acceptable, appropriate, and feasible to participants and professional stakeholders. These included ‘project’ ingredients (dose, design, content), ‘people’ ingredients (social composition, activity facilitation), and to a lesser extent, ‘context’ ingredients (setting, project set-up). While participant and stakeholder experiences were largely positive, some challenges and suggestions for improvement were also identified including broadening recruitment strategies to reach more women.Conclusion: M4M was highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible to participants and stakeholders. By identifying the ‘core’ ingredients that facilitated implementation success and strategies to address implementation barriers, these findings have important implications for future implementation and scale-up of M4M and similar creative health programmes.
Opuntia Invasion Risk and Management Strategies in China: A Comprehensive Review Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Gaye Serina L. , Kollie Larwubah
Published: February 2025

Including China, the genus Opuntia prickly pear cactus has grown to be a quite troublesome invading species in many different countries. With an eye toward Opuntia's ecological effects, present management practices, and suggestions for future control activities, this review assesses the possible distribution and invasion risk of the plant under climate change conditions. We investigate the species' present distribution in China, the biological traits allowing its proliferation, and the environmental elements driving its expansion. Mechanical, chemical, and biological control techniques are among the management strategies under careful evaluation; integrated pest management (IPM) shows great potential. We address issues including ecological concerns, limited efficacy of mechanical and chemical approaches, and non-target consequences of biological controls. Reducing future invasions depends on proactive preventative plans involving early identification, public awareness, and biosecurity measures. The study emphasizes the need for continuous research to better grasp the dynamics of Opuntia invasions and the evolution of more sensible, region-specific control strategies. Improving early-warning systems, increasing stakeholder involvement, and developing adaptive management techniques to handle the expanding threat Opuntia presents in China's ecosystems and agricultural sectors should take the front stage in future initiatives.
Preliminary validation of the 15-item WHO experiences of ageism scales in a mixed-age UK sample
Authors: Murray Aja Louise , Li Xuefei , Booth Tom
Published: February 2025

Background: Ageism, defined as stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination based on a person’s age is prevalent and negatively impacts individuals and society. In 2016 WHO received a mandate from its Member States to lead the global campaign to combat ageism. However, success in combating ageism is critically dependent on the availability of valid and reliable measures of people’s experiences of ageism that can capture its multidimensional nature and as directed against multiple age groups across diverse country settings. The goal of current study is to present a preliminary psychometric validation of a measure specifically designed to meet this need: the 15-item WHO experiences of ageism scale. The scale includes items measuring self-directed, interpersonal, and institutional ageism and spans stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Method: We collected data from a UK mixed-age adult sample (N = 402), and several psychometric properties were tested, including internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Results: Results suggested that the 15-item WHO experiences of ageism scale has good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor model for self-directed ageism items. This scale also proved to have adequate convergent validity. Discussion: The results provide sufficient supports for the adoption of the scale in this population and underscore the need for its translation and validation in other settings, as well as the evaluation of a more extended set of psychometric properties in future studies.
Introspective access or retrospective inference? Mind wandering reports are shaped by performance feedback
Authors: Polychroni Naya , Konishi Mahiko , Steinecker Isa , Terhune Devin B
Published: February 2025

Most mind wandering (MW) paradigms use self-reports following task performance, but the extent to which these reports are confounded by performance cues is unknown. In two experiments, we examined whether self-reports and confidence therein are influenced by performance indicators during visual metronome response tasks. In Experiment 1, we found that sham feedback modulated reports independently of behavioural performance with participants more likely to report MW after incorrect than correct sham feedback. In Experiment 2, we replicated this pattern using a more implicit manipulation of perceived performance, a surreptitious delay in the onset of response targets. Participants were more likely to report MW after delay than control trials. In both experiments, confidence in on-task reports was lower when the corresponding indicator (falsely) implied poor performance. These findings suggest that MW reports and experiential state confidence are partly confounded by performance monitoring and have implications for a variety of experience sampling methodologies.
Biological kinematics: a detailed review of the velocity-curvature power law calculation
Authors: Fraser Dagmar Scott , Cook Jennifer , Di Luca Massimiliano
Published: February 2025

Bodily movements exhibit kinematic invariances, with the “one-third power law” relating velocity to curvature amongst the most established. Despite being heralded amongst the “kinematic laws of nature” (Flash 2021, p. 4), there is no consensus on its origin, common reporting practice, or vetted analytical protocol. Many legacy elements of analytical protocols in the literature are suboptimal, such as noise amplification from repeated differentiation, biases arising from filtering, log transformation distortion, and injudicious linear regression, all of which undermine power law calculations. This article reviews prior power law calculation protocols, identifies suboptimal practices, before proposing solutions grounded in the kinematics literature and related fields of enquiry. Ultimately, we synthesise these solutions into a vetted, modular protocol which we make freely available to the scientific community. The protocol’s modularity accommodates future analytical advances and permits re-use of modules useful in broader kinematic science applications. We propose that adoption of this protocol will eliminate spurious confirmation of the law and enable more sensitive quantification of recently noted power law divergences. These divergences have been linked to neurochemical disturbances arising from ingestion of dopaminergic drugs, and in neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s and autism.
सामुदायिक विद्यालयका अस्थायी शिक्षकहरु प्रति सरोकारवालाहरुकोे धारणा
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha चन्द्र बहादुर Chandra Bahadur
Published: February 2025

नेपालका सामुदायिक विद्यालयहरुमा स्थायी तथा अस्थाई शिक्षकहरु कार्यरत रहेका छन् । यस अध्ययनलाई सामुदायिक विद्यालयहरूका अस्थाई शिक्षकहरूप्रति सरोकारवालहरुको धारणामा केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । मनोवैज्ञानिक रुपमा शिक्षकको अस्थाई पदले शिक्षण तथा सिकाइ प्रक्रियामा पनि प्रभाव पार्ने भएकोले यसै समस्यालाई आधार बनाई यो अध्ययन गरिएको छ । ललितपुर जिल्ला भित्र रहेका गाँउपालिकाहरू मध्ये दक्षिण पहाडी क्षेत्रमा पर्ने बागमती गाँउपालिका भित्रका ५० ओटा सामुदायिक विद्यालयहरूमध्ये ४ ओटा माध्यमिक विद्यालयहरूलाई उद्धेश्यमुलक रुपमा छानि यो अध्ययन तिनै चारवटा विद्यालयमा सिमित गरिएको छ । उक्त सामुदायिक विद्यालयहरूमा बाल सिकाइ कक्षा देखि कक्षा १२ सम्म सञ्चालनमा रहेको विद्यालयहरू हेर्ने शिक्षा अधिकृत, छनोटमा परेका विद्यालयका प्रधानाध्यापकहरू, वि.व्य.स. अध्यक्ष, स्थायी तथा अस्थायी शिक्षक र विद्यार्थीहरूलाई उद्धेश्यमुलक नमुना छनोट विधिबाट उत्तरदाताको रूपमा छानि उनिहरूसँग छलफल गर्ने, अन्तरवार्ता लिने, प्रश्नावली भराउने र विद्यालयमा गई कक्षाकोठाको अवलोकन गर्ने कार्य गरेर तथ्याङ्क प्राप्त गरिएको छ । मिश्रित ढाँचामा आधारीत यस अध्ययनलाई वर्णनात्मक उपागममा आधारित भएर सम्पन्न गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययन अनुसार शिक्षकहरूलाई लामो समयसम्म अस्थायी रूपमा राखी राख्नु पटक्कै उचित होइन सिकाइमा समन्वय गर्न र औसत सिकाइ उपलब्धी अस्थायी शिक्षकहरूको बढी भएको तर शिक्षकलाई लामो समयदेखि अस्थायी सेवामा संलग्न गराई राख्दा पेसाको असुरक्षाका कारण अस्थायी शिक्षकमा मनोवैज्ञानिक असर परेको देखिन्छ । पेसाप्रति असन्तुष्ट देखिनुको मुख्य कारण भविष्यमा यस पेसामा असुरक्षा रहेको शिक्षकको धारणा पाइएको छ तर पनि विद्यार्थीहरूबाट आएको जवाफका आधारमा अस्थायी शिक्षकले शिक्षण सिकाइमा जिम्मेवार भइ शिक्षण गरेको पाइएको छ ।
वाक्क्रियाको सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा र भाषाशैक्षणिक स्थिति
Authors: भुसाल Bhusal केशव Keshab
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख वाक्क्रियाको अध्ययनमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा वाक्क्रियाको सैद्धान्तिक अनुशीलन गरिएको छ । वाक्क्रियाको परिचय दिनु, वाक्क्रियाका प्रकारहरू प्रस्तुत गर्नु, वाक्क्रियाको भाषाशैक्षणिक स्थिति निरूपण गर्नु यस अध्ययनका मुख्य उद्देश्यका रूपमा रहेका छन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिमा आधारित रहेको छ । यस अध्ययनमा सैद्धान्तिक अनुसन्धान पद्धतिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसमा मूलतः अङ्ग्रेजी सैद्धान्तिक सामग्रीहरूको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त वाक्क्रियासम्बन्धी अवधारणाहरूको विश्लेषण र संस्लेषण गरिएको छ । साथै वाक्क्रिया सम्बन्धमा प्राप्त तथ्यहरूको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरी त्यसको तार्किक व्याख्या गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनबाट वाक्क्रिया प्रकरणार्थविज्ञानको एउटा महत्तम क्षेत्र रहेको, यसले भाषिक अभिव्यक्ति वा उच्चारबाट हुने कार्यसम्पादनलाई जनाउने, यसका मुख्य पाँच प्रकार ः निश्चयार्थक, निर्देशनात्मक, प्रतिज्ञामूलक, अभिव्यक्तिमूलक र घोषणात्मक रहेका, यसको उपयुक्त प्रयोगव्यवहारबाट भाषाशिक्षण प्रभावकारी बन्ने लगायतका निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन वाक्क्रिया र यसका विविध पक्षमा आधारित रही अध्ययन, अनुसन्धान गर्न चाहने तथा यस क्षेत्रमा रुचिकर सबैका लागि उपयोगी हुने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ ।
Оркестровий клас: основи аранжування : навчально-методичний посібник
Authors:   Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Брилін Б.
Published: February 2025

У навчально-методичному посібнику обґрунтована методика підготовки студентів мистецьких спеціальностей (ЗВО педагогічного спрямування) до інструментування та аранжування в оркестровому класі. Поданий у посібнику матеріал сприятиме формуванню творчих навичок та умінь студентів грамотно аранжувати твори різних жанрів. У посібнику знайшла відображення сучасна технологія навчання, а творчі можливості змісту кожного розділу спрямовують процес включення студентів до самостійної роботи, яка модулює їх майбутню професійну діяльність. Відповідно до вимог навчальної програми узагальнено різні методики формування необхідних компетенцій студентів у цій галузі, що включають спеціально розроблені форми, прийоми та види творчої діяльності. У кінці кожної теми, як першого, так і другого розділу, додаються контрольні питання та творчі завдання, у додатках наводяться нотні приклади кращих інструментовок.
Interns of Empire
Authors: Durham Brooke
Published: February 2025

At the height of the Algerian War of Independence, the French government sought to convince the metropolitan public to support its modernization initiatives in Algeria. This article examines the government's outreach to university students through summer internships in administrative, health, and welfare roles in Algeria. Students, however, were not always convinced that France was a force for “good” in raising Algerian living standards. In surveys and reports reflecting on their experiences living and working across the Mediterranean, students identified obstacles to the French administrative and military interventions, especially mistrust between Europeans and Algerians, and the high human and material costs of waging war against Algerian nationalists. This article contributes to scholarship on youth, modernization, and decolonization.
Expertise in the Age of Development
Authors: Lyons Amelia H.
Published: February 2025

This article examines small-scale development programs targeting women in Niger and Senegal between 1962 and 1975. Development's attention to large-scale public works and programs targeting men as productive laborers obscures UNESCO's promise to provide men and women in developing countries equal access to and an equal role in the transformation of their nations. Studying women's animation, a grassroots approach to modernizing rural African villages, allows us to better understand the gendered and raced dimensions of development and explore tensions among and between development planners. This article asks how white women experts, who sought to emphasize women's needs and to valorize their contributions, fit into development. It examines women practitioners’ efforts to counter gendered assumptions about the agents of change in Africa. It shows that women experts adhered to development's universalist worldview, yet simultaneously encountered and critiqued failures to uphold the development ethos. It demonstrates that development's modernization programs perpetuated ideas about women's labor, relegating it to the domestic and reproductive spheres.
Tracing Food Packaging Waste
Authors: Müller Anne
Published: February 2025

The mid-twentieth century marks the proposed beginning of the Anthropocene, wherein human activities have irreversibly changed the environment, partly due to the accumulation of plastics from food packaging. Practice theories have contributed to understanding these activities, with some studies shifting the focus from isolated practices to the configurations they form to explain such significant social phenomena. This article uses the rise of packaging foods as an example to investigate how practices emerge as part of a configuration. Based on archival issues of the magazine Neue Verpackung (1948–1958)—pioneering magazine of the German packaging industry—I elaborate how the paradigm of rationalization orchestrated formerly separate practices toward converging and aligning, forming a configuration of densely interconnected and interdependent practices that eventually established food packaging as an essential component of transportation and retail sale. Insights into the emergence of a past configuration that remains relevant today can help transform current configurations, leading to the reduction of packaging waste.
Disabled Ecologies and Vegans for Ecoability and Species Justice
Authors: Duxbury Catherine
Published: February 2025

Sunaura Taylor. 2024. Disabled Ecologies: Lessons from a Wounded Desert. Oakland: University of California Press.

Anthony J. Nocella II and Amber E. George, eds. 2022. Vegans on Speciesism and Ableism: Ecoability Voices for Disability and Animal Justice. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc.