bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up of children with Crohn's disease and small bowel mucosal lesions detected through video capsule endoscopy
Authors: Jaakkola Tytti , Merras‐Salmio Laura , Nikkonen Anne , Kolho Kaija‐Leena
Published: November 2024

Objectives

We report disease outcomes of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) affecting the proximal small bowel (SB) and detected through video capsule endoscopy (VCE).

Methods

We undertook a retrospective review of CD patients with VCE performed under age 18 between 2003 and 2017 and having received any biologics. We identified patients from our institutional registry.

Results

Eligible patients (n = 118) had their first VCE performed after a median of 0.1 years after diagnostic endoscopies at a median age of 12.2 years. The proximal SB disease group (Paris classification L4b inclusive) comprised 70 patients with extensive SB lesions in 81% and deep ulcers in 79%. Patients with Paris L1–3 disease with no findings in VCE or disease restricted to the terminal ileum comprised the control group. At first VCE, levels of albumin (34 vs. 37 g/L) and hemoglobin (117 vs. 127 g/L) were lower in SB patients (p < 0.02). After the first VCE, 68% were introduced to biologics, while 10% already received them. Follow‐up VCE was performed after a median of 2.4 years (SB group n = 42; controls n = 21). Proximal SB findings had disappeared in 40% of SB patients, and extensive lesions and deep ulcers had decreased to 26% and 29%, respectively (p = 0.001). In the control group, one had progressed to proximal disease. During the clinical follow‐up of a median of 4.7 years, one patient with SB underwent surgery for a jejunal stricture.

Conclusions

Proximal SB disease detected through capsule endoscopy abated in most patients with biological medication.
Transgenic rice with microbial high‐temperature‐resistant β‐glucosidase gene significantly improved 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline content and edible quality
Authors: Liu Yifan , Xiao Ning , Tang Dongqi , Li Can , Liu Xiao , Xiao Fang , Xia Tao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

The content of 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) directly affects the aroma and taste of rice. Δ1‐Pyrroline and methylglyoxal are the precursors of 2‐AP synthesis, and β‐glucosidase plays an important role in the synthesis of methylglyoxal. In this study, β‐glucosidase gene cloned from Pyrococcus furiosus was molecularly modified to obtain the high‐temperature‐resistant β‐glucosidase gene 371‐β‐glucosidase (T371A), which was transformed into kitaake varieties (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica) by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation method, and transgenic rice with heterologous expression of T371A was obtained. Experiments were conducted in transgenic rice to investigate whether this gene had an effect on the synthesis of 2‐AP.

RESULTS

Under the optimum reaction temperature of 50°C and cooking temperature of 100°C, the enzyme activity of β‐glucosidase in transgenic rice seeds was prominently increased by 260–280% and 419–426% over that of the control, respectively. The content of 2‐AP in transgenic rice seeds significantly increased by 75–105% under normal temperature and high‐temperature cooking conditions compared with the control. It was also found that transgenic rice increased the content of methylglyoxal and decreased the expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH2).

CONCLUSION

The high‐temperature‐tolerant β‐glucosidase gene obtained in this study provides an innovative technical strategy for molecular breeding of high‐edible aroma crops and has wide application potential. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing shelf‐life and nutritional value of broccoli florets through vacuum impregnation with calcium chloride and ascorbic acid
Authors: Wahid Aseeya , Giri Saroj Kumar , Kate Adinath , Lalita  , Sakare Priyanka , Singh Jashandeep
Published: November 2024

BACKROUND

The present investigation aimed to enhance the postharvest shelf‐life of broccoli using vacuum impregnation (VI). Broccoli florets were impregnated with physiologically active chemicals, i.e. calcium chloride and ascorbic acid. Post‐impregnation broccoli florets were packed in three different packaging materials (poly(ethylene terephthalate) punnets, low‐density polyethylene pouches and shrink‐wrap film) and stored at two temperatures (5 and 25 °C). The effects of impregnation solutions, packaging materials and storage temperature on physicochemical attributes (weight loss, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total chlorophylls and carotenoid content), antioxidant and phenolic contents, and shelf life were studied. The changes in the chemical structure post‐impregnation and during storage were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

RESULTS

Results showed that impregnated broccoli florets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of biochemical attributes immediately after impregnation. During storage, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of broccoli florets declined for all the samples. However, the reduction in these properties was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in impregnated florets as compared to untreated control samples. Principal component analysis and FTIR results also indicated a clear difference in the impregnated and control samples. The shelf‐life of broccoli florets stored at 25 °C was assessed as 4 and 3 days for impregnated and control samples, respectively; whereas the samples stored at 5 °C had a shelf‐life of 12 days for impregnated samples and 5 days for the control samples. The findings of the study elucidate the potential of VI in enhancing the initial quality and shelf‐life of broccoli.

CONCLUSION

The deterioration during storage is primarily due to physiological weight loss, a natural loss of water and volatile compounds that occur following harvest due to transpiration and respiration. Excessive transpiration can lead to dehydration, which reduces the quality and shelf‐life of the product. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The history of cytoreduction and HIPEC: Heating up or just blowing smoke?
Authors: Pahlkotter Maranda , Digney Bradley W. , Yu Allen T. , Schmidt Lee , Cohen Noah A. , Sarpel Umut , Lambert Laura
Published: November 2024

Peritoneal carcinomatosis carries a grim survival prognosis with complications ranging from the physical to the psychological. Cytoreductive surgery and infusion of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy have evolved to become a commonly used treatment option in the multi‐modal management of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Here, we examine the origins of surgery over a century ago as a potential cure for peritoneal carcinomatosis and how it has evolved with our knowledge of the disease to its present state. The origin of chemotherapy is similarly described as well as its progressive application in regional therapy, guided by the ongoing development of new agents, better understanding of peritoneal physiology, and improved systemic treatment. We show how these modalities began to be used in tandem, and standardized, leading to randomized trials and better understanding of the possibilities and limitations of treatment. Finally, we discuss the current status of patient selection for cytoreduction and future directions of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Development of a codebook for the narrative analysis of in‐hospital trauma interviews of patients following stroke
Authors: Meinhausen Corinne , Fatehpuria Anusha , Bhangu Jaifreen , Edmondson Donald , Kronish Ian M. , Wilson Patrick , Sumner Jennifer A.
Published: November 2024

Given their sudden onset and life‐threatening consequences, strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) can trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To gain a deeper understanding of the potential influence of factors in patients’ descriptions of these medical events on PTSD, we conducted a standardized trauma interview with a convenience sample of patients hospitalized for suspected stroke/TIA (N = 98) to assess the details and emotional experience of the stroke/TIA event. Three researchers reviewed the interviews and the research literature on risk and protective factors for PTSD. From this analysis, a codebook with descriptions, examples, and scoring protocols for eight Likert scale, two categorical, and four binary codes was developed. Upon demonstrating sufficient interrater reliability, the research team scored all narratives. Three superordinate themes were identified in the analysis: distress (e.g., fear, helplessness), potential protective factors (e.g., positive expectancies, concern for loved ones), and level of detail (e.g., somatic detail, emotional detail). Differences in perceptions, themes, and expectations emerged in the narratives, indicating a wide range of responses following stroke/TIA. Additionally, patient age was negatively correlated with scores for the fear, r = −.34, p < .001, and negative consequences, r = −.24, p = .018, codes and positively associated with the likelihood of having positive expectancies, OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.00, 1.10], p = .039. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of how patients reflect on their experiences post–stroke/TIA and can inform future research on the contributions of trauma narrative characteristics and emotional responses to PTSD risk.
Prostaglandin E Receptor 2 (EP2) Dysregulation in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis Nasal Polyp Epithelium
Authors: Smith‐Davidson Prestina , Altartoor Khaled , Kabongo M.M. , Claussen Henry , Arthur Robert A. , Johnston H.R. , DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. , Solares C.A. , Barrow Emily M. , Magliocca Kelly R. , Koval Michael , Levy Joshua M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is an eosinophilic subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome of AFRS nasal polyp epithelium.

Methods

Sinonasal epithelial cells were harvested from healthy nasal mucosa and polyp tissue collected from participants undergoing elective sinonasal surgery. Primary epithelial cells were subsequently grown in air/liquid interface and subjected to RNA‐seq analysis, RT‐qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining.

Results

A total of 19 genes were differentially expressed between healthy and AFRS sample epithelium. The second top candidate gene, ranked by adjusted p‐value, was prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2). The upregulation of PTGER2 was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and immunoblot. The presence of the EP2 receptor, encoded by the PTGER2 gene, was confirmed by immunocytochemistry.

Conclusion

PTGER2 is a potential novel therapeutic target for AFRS. EP2 dysregulation is associated with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease, potentially giving insight into common mechanisms of disease in severe CRSwNP.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024
Response of Pastoral Mobility to Grassland Degradation and Farmland Development in Arid Regions of Northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zeng Xiangming , Mao Xixi , Yang Gengjiao
Published: November 2024

In the last half‐century, there has been a shift in nomadism in North Xinjiang from true nomads to transhumant nomads who engage in agricultural pursuits. This change in pastoral mobility has been the result of grassland degradation and the development of agriculture and industry. This study conducts a statistical analysis and field research on pastoral mobility and the development of pastoral areas. The statistical analysis compared the impacts of agricultural, industrial, service‐industrial, and livestock development on human‐induced net primary productivity (NPPH). The field research examined changes in pastoral mobility. The findings indicate that the degradation caused by overgrazing has not yet been proven. The increase in livestock numbers is hindered by the expansion of farmland development, whereas the yield of alfalfa only contributes little. In addition, the results clarify that the decline in pastoral mobility is closely related to livelihood diversity caused by the development of farmland and industry. It suggests that the relationship between farmers and nomads is a crucial element influencing pastoral mobility in the future.
Noise‐Like Pulse Seeded Supercontinuum Generation: An In‐Depth Review For High‐Energy Flat Broadband Sources
Authors: Jose Amala , Chowdhury Sourav Das , Balasubramanian Sudharsan , Krupa Katarzyna , Wang Zhiqiang , Upadhyay B. N. , Grelu Philippe , Kanagaraj Nithyanandan
Published: November 2024

As the need for compact, cost‐effective, and reliable laser sources continues to rise, fiber lasers have gained widespread interest in science and technology. In recent years, passively mode‐locked fiber lasers (PMLFLs) have emerged as pivotal tools for generating ultrashort pulses, propelling advancements across various domains including communication, manufacturing, medicine, defense, and security. Amongst the various types of lasing states supported by a PMFL, the emphasis in this review is on the noise‐like pulses (NLP) and their potential applications in supercontinuum generation (SCG). Interestingly, the quasi‐stationary operation of the NLP envelope containing numerous chaotic sub‐pulses has facilitated relatively high energy and broad bandwidth compared to standard mode‐locked laser pulses. Moreover, the NLP generation goes beyond a specific cavity arrangement, the nature of mode‐locking or cavity dispersion. Therefore, through this review, the foremost aim is to report the differences in NLPs across various experimental settings reported so far and highlight the strategies beneficial for high‐energy and broadband NLP development directly from a fiber oscillator. Secondly, the application of NLP as a seed laser is examined to stimulate SCG in different types of fibers, underlining the improved supercontinuum characteristics over the conventional ultrashort pulse pumping schemes. Finally, the benefit of NLP‐seeded SCG for various bio‐medical and industrial applications are highlighted, thanks to the broader and flatter continuum achievable through compact experimental settings.
Ultrafast Polarization‐Maintaining Fiber Lasers: Design, Fabrication, Performance, and Applications
Authors: Liu Xuanyi , Ye Feng , Luo Yang , Fu Hongyan , Li Qian
Published: November 2024

Ultrafast polarization‐maintaining fiber lasers (UPMFLs), with superior optical performance and high immunity to environmental disturbances, are highly preferable in a variety of industrial and scientific applications such as high‐precision micromachining and biomedical imaging. Especially, the utilization of PM fibers endows the laser intrinsic stability, thereby enabling the construction of robust and low‐noise optical frequency comb systems. To meet more demanding application challenges, continuous efforts have been invested in the design and fabrication of UPMFLs, aiming to reach unprecedented levels of various pulse parameters, that is, to achieve shorter pulse duration, higher or lower repetition rate, and higher pulse energy. This review presents a detailed overview of different passive mode‐locking techniques for pulsed operation and the most significant achievements in UPMFLs. Representative advances at 1.0, 1.55, and 2.0 µm spectral regions are presented and summarized. The state‐of‐the‐art lasing performance is application‐oriented, and conversely, optical improvements in all‐PM pulsed lasers promote emerging applications, which are also discussed and analyzed. How to overcome the bottlenecks of UPMFLs in terms of pulse duration, repetition rate, emission wavelength, and pulse energy to make them powerful tools for physical, medical, and biological applications remains challenging in the future.
AI‐Based Segmentation for Corrosion Risk Prediction in Carline Designs
Authors: Gollé‐Leidreiter Marcel , Kapfer Konstantin , Mittelbach Andreas , Kowalski Julia
Published: November 2024

With shortening development cycles, digital development rises in importance. Therefore, we present an approach to segment digital carlines based on their corrosion risk using digital data sets. A typical carline is described via STL‐Files that accumulate to approximately 25 million triangles. While physics‐based simulation models exist capable of predicting the onset of corrosion in local geometry settings, an application to a complex surface mesh would be prohibitively expensive to compute. This calls for data reduction techniques that reduce the number of triangles by identifying areas prone to corrosion, as well as those that are protected by measures such as adhesives. Therefore, the implementation of corrosion‐prone areas of a body‐in‐white part, as presented in Waibel et al., is extended by implementing a design measure segmentation for adhesive pipes. This work introduces a method to predict corrosion‐protected areas for flanges with adhesives by implementing a feature extraction and a transfer learning‐based workflow for data‐efficient training. The results of the implementation are the validated prediction on body‐in‐white parts with high precision.
Calderón–Zygmund theory on some Lie groups of exponential growth
Authors: De Mari Filippo , Levi Matteo , Monti Matteo , Vallarino Maria
Published: November 2024

Let , where is a stratified Lie group and acts on via automorphic dilations. We prove that the group has the Calderón–Zygmund property, in the sense of Hebisch and Steger, with respect to a family of flow measures and metrics. This generalizes in various directions previous works by Hebisch and Steger and Martini et al., and provides a new approach in the development of the Calderón–Zygmund theory in Lie groups of exponential growth. We also prove a weak‐type (1,1) estimate for the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator naturally arising in this setting.
The Perception of Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Income Share of Firms: Empirical Research Based on Double Machine Learning
Authors: Liao Guiming , Hu Zheli , Yang Zhichen , Yin Qianlin , Chen Jiahui
Published: November 2024

Based on the double machine learning model, this study examines the impact of perception of policy uncertainty (PPU) on labor income share (LIS). We find that PPU negatively influences LIS. Mechanism test indicates that PPU not only results in a reduction in fixed asset investment, distorting human capital structure, but leads to a financing dilemma for firms, ultimately exerting a detrimental effect on LIS. Additionally, PPU primarily diminishes LIS of ordinary employees rather than executives. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of PPU on LIS is significantly more pronounced in firms characterized by smaller union scales and those operating within monopolistic industries.
Recovering orthogonality from quasi‐type kernel polynomials using specific spectral transformations
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Swaminathan A.
Published: November 2024

In this work, the concept of quasi‐type Kernel polynomials with respect to a moment functional is introduced. Difference equation satisfied by these polynomials along with the criterion for orthogonality conditions are discussed. The process of recovering orthogonality for the linear combination of a quasi‐type kernel polynomial with another orthogonal polynomial, which is identified by involving linear spectral transformation, is provided. This process involves an expression of ratio of iterated kernel polynomials. This leads to considering the limiting case of ratio of kernel polynomials involving continued fractions. Special cases of such ratios in terms of certain continued fractions are exhibited. Moreover, examples are discussed for obtaining the orthogonality of quasi‐type kernel polynomials of order 1.
Incorporating Fairness Into the Gateway‐Based Risk Mitigation Policy for Hazmat Transport
Authors: Cappanera Paola , Nonato Maddalena
Published: November 2024

In hazardous material transport on road networks, two conflicting objectives must be addressed simultaneously: minimizing risk and minimizing cost. Risk mitigation policies may yield as a secondary outcome uneven flow distribution on the network. This study empowers an existing risk mitigation policy based on gateways (GBP) to improve fairness. According to GBP, each vehicle is obliged to traverse a compulsory node (a gateway) on its minimum cost itinerary from origin to destination. Gateways must be located on a few network nodes and assigned to vehicles to minimize total risk, yielding a bi‐level optimization problem. GBP already proved able to reduce total risk by opening just a few gateways and to a limited detriment of total cost. However, gateways may end up acting as flow concentrators, thus hampering equity. This study aims to bridge the gap between risk mitigation and fairness. To this aim, we generalize the multi‐commodity flow formulation of the problem by imposing a capacity constraint on the nodes, discuss its impact on the model structure, and experimentally investigate whether it is possible to achieve a more equitable risk distribution and how total risk and total cost are affected.
How, Why and When: Nursing Staff's Experiences of Working With Suicide Risk Assessment Instruments
Authors: Wärdig Rikard , Wallerstedt Isabella , Nyström Anna Mattison , Hultsjö Sally
Published: November 2024

Aims and objectives

To describe psychiatric nursing staff´s experiences of working with suicide risk assessment instruments.

Background

Around the world, approximately 720,000 people die by suicide each year, of which almost 20% have an ongoing contact with specialist psychiatry during their last month alive. To identify which patients have an increased risk of suicide is a highly important task for nursing staff. Suicidal behaviour is complex and unpredictable. Nursing staff work closely with patients in everyday psychiatric care and often possess unique patient knowledge. These professionals must therefore be able to know when a patient's eventual suicidality requires further attention and efforts.

Design

A descriptive qualitative study.

Methods

Convenience sampling including nursing staff with more than 2 years of experience in specialist psychiatry. The data collection took place through semi‐structured interviews and was then analysed according to conventional content analysis.

Results

The nursing staff felt that a natural conversation is superior suicide risk assessment instruments and that experience and patient knowledge are the primary factors for facilitating a suicide risk assessment. This meant that some nursing staff rarely used suicide risk assessment instruments, although they sometimes could be a useful support in the conversation and provided a sense of personal security when documenting results.

Conclusion

Suicide risk assessment instrument can be significant and helpful in certain cases, but the essential components of a suicide risk assessment consist of a conversation to understand the meaning of suicide from the patient's perspective.

Patient or Public Contribution

Psychiatric nursing staff contributed to this study by sharing their experiences through interviews.
Psychological Distress in Patients With Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancies: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ren Na‐Na , De Ala Minerva B. , Chang Ling , Gao Yuan , Li Ming‐Xia , Li Ke‐Li
Published: November 2024

Aim

Most patients with ectopic pregnancies experience a high level of psychological distress for various reasons. The psychological state and needs of patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies need to be seriously addressed. However, psychological distress in patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancy has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the prevalence and factors influencing psychological distress in patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study follows the STROBE guidelines. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was utilised to assess the level of psychological stress in patients. The Kruskal–Wallis test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the factors influencing psychological stress in patients with different conditions.

Results

A total of 134 patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies completed the survey, and most patients experienced moderate‐to‐severe psychological distress. The psychological distress experienced by patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies is complex and dynamic, influenced by various factors. Among them, the main factors affecting the psychological distress of patients were age, education level, number of children, number of abortions, medical insurance and economic pressure (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the psychological distress experienced by patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies is universal and cannot be ignored. It is necessary to pay attention to the psychological needs of patients with recurrent ectopic pregnancies and carry out scientific and effective psychological care management.
Comfort Need of Hospitalised Patients With Covid‐19 During Isolation Precaution: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Edison Chiyar , Waluyo Agung , Yona Sri , Eryando Tris
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study aimed to explore the experiences of hospitalised patients with Covid‐19 in terms of the meeting of their comfort needs and the source of discomfort during isolation precautions.

Design

Qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was applied in this study.

Methods

There were 16 hospitalised patients with Covid‐19 and 11 nurses who were thoroughly interviewed. Content analysis was conducted to examine the data of the interviews and then managed using Atlas ti‐9 software.

Results

Five central themes were identified that describe the comfort needs and the source of discomfort, as follows: (1) nursing professionalism; (2) physical discomfort; (3) psychological responses; (4) poor sleep quality; and (5) spiritual adaptations.

Public Contribution

The study promoted further explanation about comfort need in patients with Covid‐19 in isolation room. This study also highlighted that nursing care played a pivotal part in assisting patients to reach their highest comfort level.
PhD‐DNP Collaboration: An Integrative Review of Scholarly Partnerships in Nursing
Authors: Garcia Theresa J. , Bai Jinbing , Shen Natalie , Smith Lenora , Koszalinski Rebecca S.
Published: November 2024

Nurses holding terminal degrees, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Nursing Science (DNS), and Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), fulfill different roles in nursing. The continued growth of nursing science and practice is dependent on alliances between these nurses that produce state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and support the translation of evidence to practice. This integrative review described characteristics of scholarly collaborations between nurses holding a research‐focused degree, the PhD, and those holding a practice‐focused degree, the DNP. Five major nursing, medicine, and education databases were searched for peer‐reviewed, original articles addressing or describing the characteristics of PhD‐DNP scholarly collaborations, published through March 2023. In total, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria, and an integrative synthesis was conducted using constant comparison and thematic analysis. Findings included one overarching theme, Role Clarification, as well as four subthemes that emerged across the sample, describing key characteristics of collaborative PhD‐DNP scholarship: (1) Mutual understanding and appreciation of strengths; (2) Strategic project planning and team building; (3) Clear organizational/administrative directives and guidance; and (4) Shared goals for the nursing profession. Articles describing the collaboration between nurses holding doctoral degrees are limited and provide primarily lower‐level research evidence and evidence‐based practice outcomes. Despite efforts to foster scholarly collaborations among nurses holding terminal degrees, more research is needed to clarify individual roles, offer tangible strategies for collaboration, and measure outcomes of collaboration benefitting healthcare systems, patient outcomes, and the nursing profession. This integrative review involved only the review of the extant literature.
Survodutide for treatment of obesity: rationale and design of two randomized phase 3 clinical trials (SYNCHRONIZE™‐1 and ‐2)
Authors: Wharton Sean , le Roux Carel W. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Platz Elke , Brueckmann Martina , Jastreboff Ania M. , Ajaz Hussain Samina , Pedersen Sue D. , Borowska Luiza , Unseld Anna , Kloer Isabel M. , Kaplan Lee M. ,   the SYNCHRONIZE‐1 and ‐2 trial committees and investigators
Published: November 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the rationale and design of two multinational phase 3 clinical trials of survodutide, an investigational glucagon and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor dual agonist for the treatment of obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D; SYNCHRONIZE‐1 and ‐2).

Methods

In these ongoing double‐blind trials, participants were randomized to once‐weekly subcutaneous injections of survodutide or placebo added to lifestyle modification. Survodutide doses are uptitrated to 3.6 or 6.0 mg, and dose flexibility is permitted. Participants (n = 726) in SYNCHRONIZE‐1 (NCT06066515) have a baseline BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or ≥27 kg/m2 with at least one obesity‐related complication but without T2D; participants (n = 755) in SYNCHRONIZE‐2 (NCT06066528) have a baseline BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 and T2D. The primary endpoints are percentage change in body weight and proportion of participants achieving ≥5% body weight reduction from baseline to week 76. Secondary endpoints include change in systolic blood pressure and measures of glycemia. A SYNCHRONIZE‐1 substudy is evaluating changes in body composition and liver fat content using magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusions

These trials are designed to provide robust evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of survodutide for the treatment of obesity in the presence or absence of T2D.
L858R/L718Q and L858R/L792H Mutations of EGFR Inducing Resistance Against Osimertinib by Forming Additional Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Imam Ibrahim A. , Al Adawi Shatha , Liu Xiaoqi , Ellingson Sally , Brainson Christine F. , Moseley Hunter N. B. , Zinner Ralph , Zhang Shulin , Shao Qing
Published: November 2024

Acquired resistance to first‐line treatments in various cancers both promotes cancer recurrence as well as limits effective treatment. This is true for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, for which secondary EGFR mutations are one of the principal mechanisms conferring resistance to the covalent inhibitor osimertinib. Thus, it is very important to develop a deeper understanding of the secondary mutational resistance mechanisms associated with EGFR mutations arising in tumors treated with osimertinib to expedite the development of innovative therapeutic drugs to overcome acquired resistance. This work uses all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the conformational variation of two reported EGFR mutants (L858R/L718Q and L858R/L792H) that resist osimertinib. The wild‐type EGFR kinase domain and the L858R mutant are used as the reference. Our MD simulation results revealed that both the L718Q and L792H secondary mutations induce additional hydrogen bonds between the residues in the active pocket and the residues with the water molecules. These additional hydrogen bonds reduce the exposure area of C797, the covalent binding target of osimertinib. The additional hydrogen bonds also influence the binding affinity of the EGFR kinase domain by altering the secondary structure and flexibility of the amino acid residues in the domain. Our work highlights how the two reported mutations may alter both residue‐residue and residue‐solvent hydrogen bonds, affecting protein binding properties, which could be helpful for future drug discovery.
Identification of cytokine release syndrome and indicators of severity in retrospective databases among patients receiving immunotherapy
Authors: Huntington Scott F. , Lin Dee , Lafeuille Marie‐Hélène , Thompson‐Leduc Philippe , Shah Aditi , Kim Nina , Hester Laura , Tardif‐Samson Anabelle , Moore Bronwyn , Fowler Jessica , Marshall Alexander , Zhang Xinke , Gifkins Dina , Wu Bingcao
Published: November 2024

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can occur following cancer immunotherapies, but is most often mild and of limited duration. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐10 codes allowing identification of CRS were introduced in 2020 but may be underutilized. We evaluated the performance of a published claims‐based algorithm to detect CRS (any grade) and high‐grade CRS (HG, grades 2‐5), as well as identified indicators of HG CRS in retrospective data. Adults with low‐grade and HG CRS during an encounter coinciding with administrations of blinatumomab or chimeric antigen receptor‐T therapy were identified in three types of retrospective databases (hospital chargemaster data, electronic health records, and administrative claims). The algorithm's sensitivity in detecting any CRS and HG CRS was reported. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was developed to identify indicators of HG CRS. Performance of the model was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). The sensitivity of the algorithm to detect any grade CRS ranged between 77%–100% and between 8%–80% for HG CRS, depending on the type of database. The LASSO model identified hypotension, positive pressure (including mechanical ventilation), tocilizumab, and vasopressors as indicators of HG CRS. AUC varied between 60% and 75%. The algorithm accurately detected any grade CRS for over three‐quarters of instances, but was not as reliable for HG CRS. Results varied based on database attributes. Hypotension, vasopressors, positive pressure, and tocilizumab were associated with HG CRS and may be methodologically helpful signals of CRS severity in retrospective data.
The miR‐31b targets arylsulfatase B to regulate the ovarian development of Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Yu Shan‐Shan , Zhang Qiang , Zheng Li‐Yuan , Xie Qian‐Ping , Wang Jin‐Jun , Dou Wei
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Reproduction is the basis of insect population growth and evolution, and encompasses ovarian development, reproductive behavior, and fecundity. Bactrocera dorsalis is a globally significant agricultural pest that is subject to quarantine, with mated females that can lay over 3000 eggs. The post‐transcriptional regulation of ovarian development remains unclear. Here, miR‐31b is shown to be involved in regulating Bactrocera dorsalis ovarian development.

RESULTS

CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate miR‐31b loss‐of‐function mutations in Bactrocera dorsalis. The removal of miR‐31b resulted in severely impaired ovarian development in adults, with phenotypes that included dramatically reduced egg production and hatching rates. The relationship between miR‐31b and its target gene arylsulfatase B (ARSB) was subsequently identified using the methods of bioinformatics, transcriptomic sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), RNA pull‐down and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Finally, miR‐31b was confirmed to bind the target gene arylsulfatase B to affect metabolism and thereby further hindered ovarian development of Bactrocera dorsalis.

CONCLUSION

Overall, these results provide new insights into molecular mechanisms at the post‐transcriptional level in regulating ovarian development and insect reproduction, consequently providing potential targets to control arthropod pests through the reproductive strategy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Natural Pitch‐Derived Carbon Networks Induced Lattice Strain Engineering in Nickel‐Based Heterostructures Enables Efficient Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Shu , Jiang Zhao , Li Chenglin , Khanam Zeba , Wang Feng , Ouyang Ting , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq
Published: November 2024

The development of high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) relies on enhancing the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, particularly the transition metal compounds (TMCs) through effective carbon coatings. Herein, a straightforward approach using polymerized natural pitch‐derived carbon (PNPC) via step‐growth polymerization regulates the lattice strain in Ni3S2‐NiO heterostructures (NSNO) on nickel foam (NF). This method replaces the complex multistep carbon coatings with a cost‐effective liquid‐phase application of PNPC, followed by pyrolysis to create PNPC@NSNO/NF. Comparative analysis shows that PNPC effectively modulates lattice strain, achieving 3.50% tensile strain compared to 5.60% for non‐polymerized carbon. The optimized PNPC@NSNO/NF electrode exhibits exceptional high areal capacity of 2.72 mAh cm−2@1 mA cm−2, impressive rate capability, and 97.28% capacity retention after 200 cycles. The enhanced contact area and electrical conductivity provided by the PNPC improve charge transfer kinetics and overall performance. Theoretical analyses confirm that the PNPC@NSNO/NF electrode with 3.50% lattice strain lowers the Na⁺ diffusion barrier, enhances charge transfer, and improves charge distribution, boosting the electrode performance. This work establishes a straightforward method for synthesizing lattice‐strained SIB anodes, highlighting its potential for advancing SIB technology.
Design of Self‐Standing Chiral Covalent‐Organic Framework Nanochannel Membrane for Enantioselective Sensing
Authors: Zheng Chen‐Yan , Qian Hai‐Long , Yang Cheng , Yan Xiu‐Ping
Published: November 2024

Nanochannel membranes are promising materials for enantioselective sensing. However, it is difficult to make a compromise between the selectivity and permeability in traditional nanochannel membranes. Therefore, new types of nanochannel membranes with high enantioselectivity and excellent permeability should be explored for chiral analysis. Here, asymmetric catalysis strategy is reported for interfacial polymerization synthesis of chiral covalent‐organic framework (cCOF) nanochannel membrane for enantioselective sensing. Chiral phenylethylamine (S/R‐PEA) and 2,4,6‐triformylphloroglucinol (TP) are used to prepare chiral TP monomer. 4,4′,4″‐triaminotriphenylamine (TAPA) is then condensed with chiral TP to obtain cCOF nanochannel membrane via a C═N Schiff‐base reaction. The molar ratio of TP to S/R‐PEA is adjusted so that S/R‐PEA is bound to the aldehyde only or both the aldehyde and hydroxyl groups on TP to obtain chiral‐induced COF (cCOF‐1) or both chiral‐induced and modified COF (cCOF‐2) nanochannel membrane, respectively. The prepared cCOF‐2 nanochannel membrane showed two times more selectivity for limonene enantiomers than cCOF‐1 nanochannel membrane. Furthermore, cCOF‐2 nanochannel platform exhibited excellent sensing performance for other chiral molecules such as limonene, propanediol, methylbutyric acid, ibuprofen, and naproxen (limits of detection of 19–42 ng L−1, enantiomer excess of 63.6–86.3%). This work provides a promising way to develop cCOF‐based nanochannel enantioselective sensor.
Evolutionary decision‐making behaviour among the government, leading enterprises and farmers: Based on the improvement of phaeozem quality in Northeast China
Authors: Teng Yun , Sun Yue , Cheng Qi
Published: November 2024

The improvement of phaeozem quality in Northeast China is crucial to China's food security. This study incorporated government, leading enterprises and farmers into an evolutionary game model to explore the ideal state among the government, leading enterprises and farmers with the improvement of the phaeozem quality in Northeast China, thereby contributing to food security. The study includes the government, leading enterprises and farmers in an evolutionary game model to explore game relationship and evolution paths of decision‐making among the three stakeholders, and obtains the conditions for the three parties to evolve to the ideal state by analysing and combining with the actual data. The evolutionary process of the decision‐making behaviour of the three stakeholders to an ideal state is affected by many factors, and the value ranges of the different factors have different impacts on the convergence speed of the three stakeholders to an ideal state; when certain conditions are met, the decision‐making behaviours of the three stakeholders can evolve to an ideal state, which aims to provide beneficial suggestions for the government to supervise the quality of phaeozem, leading enterprises to control green agricultural products and farmers to apply organic fertilizer.
Effect of Rolling Process Parameters on Transverse Cracks on the Surface of Q345 Steel
Authors: Chaoqun Mo , Bo Wang , Le Wang , Hongjie Wu , Ligen Sun , Liguang Zhu
Published: November 2024

This article examines the evolutionary behavior of transverse surface cracks in Q345 steel during the hot‐rolling process under various rolling conditions. “V”‐shaped cracks are prefabricated on the billet surface for laboratory hot‐rolling tests, and a corresponding rolling model is developed to validate its accuracy. The slab rolling model is established based on actual onsite rolling process parameters. The aim is to analyze the effects of different rolling conditions on the surface crack morphology and aspect ratio. The results indicate that variations in roll diameter (1400, 1300, and 1200 mm) influence crack propagation, with cracks unfolding earlier when the roll diameter is 1400 mm. At varying initial rolling temperatures (1300, 1200, and 1100 °C), cracks begin to unfold earlier at the highest temperature of 1300 °C. When examining different friction coefficients (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6), cracks unfold earlier at the highest coefficient of 0.6. Similarly, at different rolling speeds (3, 4, and 5 m s−1), cracks unfolded earlier at the highest speed of 5 m s−1. Analysis of changes in crack depth and aspect ratio during rolling shows that the initial few passes have a greater influence on crack depth and unfolding. In the later stages of rolling, cracks continue to unfold, though the depth shows minimal variation, and the aspect ratio tends to approach zero.
A Novel Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis–Based Carbon Dots Platform for Remarkable Analgesia for Clinical Pain Management
Authors: Peng Huimin , Zeng Xingxing , Li Songbai , Wang Xin
Published: November 2024

In this study, we explored the eco‐friendly synthesis of photoluminescent CCDs employing a direct one‐step pyrolysis process, utilizing natural Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis as the precursor material and studied their analgesic effect in mice. The synthesized carbon dots underwent comprehensive characterization through a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. These included UV‐Vis, FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and HR‐TEM, DLS instruments. HR‐TEM results exhibited the presence of homogenous spherical‐shaped C‐dots of about 3.3 nm without aggregates. Furthermore, the prepared CCDs were studied for their in vivo analgesic effect in mice by performing tail‐immersion, hot plate and acetic acid writhing tests. Also, an MTT assay was performed to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of CCDs against L929 cells. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed that L929 cells exhibited higher cell viability when treated with prepared CCDs. The cellular uptake studies revealed the phase contrast images of MG‐63 cells at wavelength 488 nm clearly depicted the aggregation of green, fluorescent CCDs within the cells while leaving nuclei unobscured. In addition, to the best of our understanding, the results presented in this paper showed that CCDs exhibited an important analgesic effect and enhanced anti‐nociceptive activity, which may be due to stimulation of the opioidergic system. Consequently, CCDs appear to be a viable analgesic alternative for traditional analgesic candidates in pain management.
The remarkable Jersey hailstorm of 1–2 November 2023: description and comparison with other cool season, dual‐hazard storms
Authors: Wells Henry M. , Webb Jonathan D. C. , Holley Dan , Clark Matthew R. , Hillier John
Published: November 2024

Around midnight on 1/2 November 2023, Jersey (Channel Islands) was impacted by a supercell storm which produced both a tornado, rated T6/IF3, and very large hail. This article presents details of that remarkable hailstorm and places it into context by investigating severe hail events during the October–March cool season in the UK and Crown Dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. The storm is compared to previous ‘dual‐hazard’ events during the cool season, where both a tornado and severe hail were produced.
Optimization of nanoscale heat transport analysis of ternary hybrid nanofluid over three‐dimensional wedge geometry in magnetized environment
Authors: Shah Syed Zahir Hussain , Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Khan Shahzeb , Alderremy Aisha Abdullah , Mahmoud Emad Elian
Published: November 2024

Exponential space‐based heat source with shear‐thinning/thickening behavior offers innovative insights into the optimization of thermal transport process in complex systems, such as in the cooling of microelectronics, energy storage technologies, and biomedical devices, where accurate thermal control is critical. This study explores the investigation of an exponential space‐based heat source with effects of shear thinning/thickening behavior of a ternary infinite shear rate viscosity‐dependent Carreau water‐based nanofluid [Cu, Fe3O4, SiO2] over a three‐dimensional wedge in a magnetized environment. The interaction between heat transport and magnetic fields is explored through the behavior of the ternary nanofluid by classifying the both shear‐thinning and shear‐thickening effects. The incorporation of physical assumptions in the model gives the set of partial differential equations (PDEs) and similarity transformations are launched to convert them into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Furthermore, bvp4c scheme is used to fetch the numerical solution. Temperature profile is increasing with exponential‐based source heat parameter due to a reduction in the rate of heat absorption by the fluid. Ternary nanofluids exhibit the highest rate of temperature increment due to the effects of multiple nanoparticles as compared to hybrid or single‐nanoparticle nanofluids. Rate of velocity decrement in ternary nanofluids compared to bi‐hybrid nanofluids and single‐particle nanofluids.
Introduction
Authors: Sangster Joan , Keating James , Kristjánsdóttir Ragnheiður
Published: November 2024

This book explores disenfranchisement and other voting barriers before and after the introduction of so-called universal suffrage. Focusing on economic voting restrictions, implemented through constitutional provisions, laws, state policies, and ad-hoc practices, we explore the many disqualifications barring people from voting in self-governing and aspiring liberal democracies, including poor relief dependency, lack of property or wealth, bankruptcy, tax debt, and low income. The notions of economic independence underpinning these exclusions built and reinforced unequal social structures, especially in terms of class, gender, race, age, civil status, and education. Examining suffrage from an economic perspective prompts new questions about democracy and political citizenship as contested concepts. This approach illuminates the histories of democratic practices, state formation, welfare states, the economic entanglements of political citizenship, gender and racial hierarchies, and the unique circumstances of colonial and settler-colonial democracies. After exploring the influence of Enlightenment ideas on liberal democratic notions of political citizenship, this introduction highlights themes that unite the chapters. These are centred around four concerns: poor relief; different experiences of suffrage at the national, provincial, and local levels; voter exclusion through policy and vernacular political practices; and colonialism.