bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition of Patrinia scabiosifolia Flower Absolute and Its Migratory and Proliferative Activities in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Hwang Dae Il , Won Kyung Jong , Kim Do‐Yoon , Kim Ha Bin , Li Yali , Lee Hwan Myung
Published: June 2019

Patrinia scabiosifolia (PS) has bioactivities such as antitumor and anti‐inflammation effects. However, its effects on human skin physiological activities, such as skin regeneration and wound healing, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of absolute extracted from PS flower (PSF) on migration and proliferation of human dermal keratinocyte (HaCat). The yield of PSF absolute obtained by solvent extraction method was 0.105 % and its five constituents were found in GC/MS analysis. The PSF absolute induced the proliferation and migration of HaCats. The absolute increased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine‐specific protein kinase (Akt) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (Erk1/2) in HaCats. In addition, the absolute stimulated the outgrowth of collagen sprouting of HaCats. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that PSF absolute may have positive effects on skin regeneration and/or wound healing by inducing migration and proliferation of dermal keratinocytes via the Akt/Erk1/2 pathway. Therefore, PSF absolute may be a useful natural material for skin regeneration and/or wound healing.
De novo mutation of emopamil binding protein (EBP) gene in a girl with Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome
Authors: Soler‐Cardona Ana , Brandau Oliver , Laccone Franco , Tanew Adrian , Radakovic Sonja
Published: June 2019

Conradi‐Hünermann‐Happle syndrome is a rare X‐linked dominant syndrome affecting the skin, skeletal system, and eyes. Here, we report on a female patient with a de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.301C>T (p.Trp101Arg) of the EMP (emopamil binding protein) gene.
Treatment of a massive naproxen overdose with therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog
Authors: Kicera‐Temple Kathleen , Londoño Leonel , Lanaux Travis M. , Buckley Gareth J.
Published: June 2019

In comparison with other over‐the‐counter anti‐inflammatory drugs, naproxen has a longer half‐life in dogs and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. This report describes the successful use of membrane‐based therapeutic plasma exchange after a massive ingestion of naproxen by a dog resulting in 86% reduction in plasma concentration.
Transforming Single‐Crystal CuO/Cu2O Nanorods into Nano‐Polycrystalline Cu/Cu2O through Lithiation
Authors: Hu Pu , Dorogov Maxim , Xin Yan , Aifantis Katerina E.
Published: June 2019

One‐dimensional single‐crystal CuO/Cu2O nanorods were fabricated by controlled oxidation of a copper substrate and examined as the active material in porous anodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Electrochemical testing against Li‐metal revealed that using sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) as the binder enabled an excellent capacity retention for 50 cycles, while the use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resulted in a continuous capacity fade. Transmission electron microscopy illustrated the phase composition and morphological changes throughout cycling, revealing that for both types of binders, lithiation of CuO and Cu2O disrupted the single‐crystal nanorod structure, producing multiple Cu/Cu2O nanograins within the rods. With continuous cycling the average grain size of these nanocrystals decreased. A significant difference between the CMC and PVDF binder electrodes was the irreversible formation of LiCuO during delithiation for the PVDF case, which can explain the continuous capacity fade. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed microcracks throughout the electrode surface when the PVDF binder was employed.
2D Meso/Microporous Platelet Carbon Derived from Metal‐Organic frameworks and Its Application in High‐Performance Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Qian Weiwei , Zhang Hang , Xiao Hong , Zhang Lan , Chen Shimou , Gao Qiuming
Published: June 2019

A cathode consisting of 2D homogeneous micro/mesoporous platelet carbon (MMPC) is synthesized in one step by regulated pyrolysis of metal–organic frameworks (MOF), which act as self‐templates. The uniform micro/mesoporous structure is ascribed to metal sublimation in the Zn‐based MOF during the pyrolysis process. The cathode exhibits an excellent cycling performance due to the homogeneous distribution of micro/mesopores and the 2D nanosheet structure, which does not only lead to the loading of evenly distributed, ultrafine sulfur, but also favors the depressing shuttle effect and a rapid electron transfer. Meanwhile, reduced oxide graphene (rGO) – as the conductive agent – is beneficial for the continuity of the electron‐transport path and for increasing the utilization of active materials. The optimized MMPC cathode exhibits a superior cycling stability at a rate of 1 C, with 1500 cycles, and an outstanding rate‐cycle performance with an initial discharge capacity of 670.1 mAh g−1 and a good cycling stability after 400 cycles at a rate of 5 C.
The dromedary camel displays annual variation in hypothalamic kisspeptin and Arg–Phe‐amide‐related peptide‐3 according to sex, season, and breeding activity
Authors: Ainani Hassan , El Bousmaki Najlae , Poirel Vincent‐Joseph , Achaâban Mohamed Rachid , Ouassat Mohammed , Piro Mohammed , Klosen Paul , Simonneaux Valérie , El Allali Khalid
Published: June 2019

The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is a desert mammal whose cycles in reproductive activity ensure that the offspring's birth and weaning coincide with periods of abundant food resources and favorable climate conditions. In this study, we assessed whether kisspeptin (Kp) and arginine–phenylalanine (RF)‐amide related peptide‐3 (RFRP‐3), two hypothalamic peptides known to regulate the mammalian hypothalamo‐pituitary gonadal axis, may be involved in the seasonal control of camel's reproduction. Using specific antibodies and riboprobes, we found that Kp neurons are present in the preoptic area (POA), suprachiasmatic (SCN), and arcuate (ARC) nuclei, and that RFRP‐3 neurons are present in the paraventricular (PVN), dorsomedial (DMH), and ventromedial (VMH) hypothalamic nuclei. Kp fibers are found in various hypothalamic areas, notably the POA, SCN, PVN, DMH, VMH, supraoptic nucleus, and the ventral and dorsal premammillary nucleus. RFRP‐3 fibers are found in the POA, SCN, PVN, DMH, VMH, and ARC. POA and ARC Kp neurons and DMH RFRP‐3 neurons display sexual dimorphism with more neurons in female than in male. Both neuronal populations display opposed seasonal variations with more Kp neurons and less RFRP‐3 neurons during the breeding (December–January) than the nonbreeding (July–August) season. This study is the first describing Kp and RFRP‐3 in the camel's brain with, during the winter period lower RFRP‐3 expression and higher Kp expression possibly responsible for the HPG axis activation. Altogether, our data indicate the involvement of both Kp and RFRP‐3 in the seasonal control of the dromedary camel's breeding activity.
A bidirectional trace simplification approach based on a context switch linked list for concurrent programs
Authors: Bo Lili , Jiang Shujuan , Wang Rongcun , Yu Qiao
Published: June 2019

Concurrent programs are notoriously difficult to debug due to shared memory and the non‐determined nature of thread scheduling. Frequent context switches add a huge burden on developers in reasoning about concurrency bugs. To alleviate this problem, we present a bidirectional trace simplification approach based on a context switch linked list. First, we calculate the dependence relations, including local dependences, synchronization dependences, and remote read/write dependences. Second, we construct a context switch linked list according to the original buggy trace. Then, we backward refactor the context switch linked list in sequence to extend thread execution intervals. Finally, we forward check the context switch linked list in sequence to ensure that no nodes can be further merged. We have conducted experiments on eight Java multi‐threaded programs to evaluate our approach. The results show that our approach performs better than or is comparable to the compared static approaches in effectiveness and efficiency.
Electrodeposition at Highly Negative Potentials of an Iron‐Cobalt Oxide Catalyst for Use in Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Sayeed Md Abu , O'Mullane Anthony P.
Published: June 2019

Earth‐abundant transition metal‐based catalysts have been extensively investigated for their applicability in water electrolysers to enable overall water splitting to produce clean hydrogen and oxygen. In this study a Fe−Co based catalyst is electrodeposited in 30 seconds under vigorous hydrogen evolution conditions to produce a high surface area material that is active for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This catalyst can achieve high current densities of 600 mAcm−2 at an applied potential of 1.6 V (vs RHE) in 1 M NaOH with a Tafel slope value of 48 mV dec−1 for the OER. In addition, the HER can be facilitated at current densities as high as 400 mA cm−2 due to the large surface area of the material. The materials were found to be predominantly amorphous but did contain crystalline regions of CoFe2O4 which became more evident after the OER indicating interesting compositional and structural changes that occur to the catalyst after an electrocatalytic reaction. This rapid method of creating a bimetallic oxide electrode for both the HER and OER could possibly be adopted to other bimetallic oxide systems suitable for electrochemical water splitting.
Stopping power of an electron gas: The sum rule approach
Authors: Arkhipov Yu.V. , Ashikbayeva A.B. , Askaruly A. , Dubovtsev D.Yu. , Syzganbayeva S.A. , Tkachenko I.M.
Published: June 2019

The stopping power of dense electron plasmas is determined using a simplified version of the method of moments based on some interpolation formulas for the sum rules of the loss function. The energy losses of ions are evaluated with various projectile charges moving in a plasma at different values of the coupling and degeneracy parameters. The losses of slowly moving charged particles are closely examined. The results obtained are compared with those of some alternative approaches and the particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation data.
FCMPASS Software Aids Extracellular Vesicle Light Scatter Standardization
Authors: Welsh Joshua A. , Horak Peter , Wilkinson James S. , Ford Verity J. , Jones Jennifer C. , Smith David , Holloway Judith A. , Englyst Nicola A.
Published: June 2019

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a rapidly growing field due to their great potential in many areas of clinical medicine including diagnostics, prognostics, theranostics, and therapeutics. Flow cytometry is currently one of the most popular methods of analyzing EVs due to it being a high‐throughput, multiparametric technique, that is readily available in the majority of research labs. Despite its wide use, few commercial flow cytometers are designed specifically for the detection of EVs. Many flow cytometers used for EV analysis are working at their detection limits and are unable to detect the majority of EVs. Currently, very little standardization exists for EV flow cytometry, which is an issue because flow cytometers vary considerably in the way they collect scattered or fluorescent light from particles being interrogated. This makes published research hard to interpret, compare, and in some cases, impossible to reproduce. Here we demonstrate a method of flow cytometer light scatter standardization, utilizing flow cytometer postacquisition analysis software (FCMPASS). FCMPASS is built upon Mie theory and enables the approximation of flow cytometer geometric parameters either by analyzing beads of known diameter and refractive index or by inputting the collection angle if known. The software is then able to create a scatter‐diameter curve and scatter‐refractive index curve that enables researchers to convert scattering data and instrument sensitivity into standardized units. Furthermore, with the correct controls, light scatter data can be converted to diameter distributions or refractive index distributions. FCMPASS therefore offers a freely available and ergonomic method of standardizing and further extending EV characterization using flow cytometry.
Flying south: Foraging locations of the Hutton's shearwater (Puffinus huttoni) revealed by Time‐Depth Recorders and GPS tracking
Authors: Bennet Della G. , Horton Travis W. , Goldstien Sharyn J. , Rowe Lindsay , Briskie James V.
Published: June 2019

The Hutton's shearwater Puffinus huttoni is an endangered seabird endemic to Kaikōura, New Zealand, but the spatial and temporal aspects of its at‐sea foraging behavior are not well known.

To identify foraging areas and estimate trip durations, we deployed Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devices and Time‐Depth Recorders (TDR) on 26 adult Hutton's shearwaters during the chick‐rearing period in 2017 and 2018.

We found Hutton's shearwaters traveled much further from their breeding grounds at Kaikōura than previously considered, with most individuals foraging in coastal and oceanic areas 125–365 km south and near Banks Peninsula. Trip durations varied from 1 to 15 days (mean = 5 days), and total track lengths varied from 264 to 2,157 km (mean = 1092.9 km).

Although some diving occurred in near‐shore waters near the breeding colony, most foraging was concentrated in four regions south of Kaikōura. Dive durations averaged 23.2 s (range 8.1 to 71.3 s) and dive depths averaged 7.1 m (range 1.5 to 30 m). Foraging locations had higher chlorophyll a levels and shallower water depths than nonforaging locations. Birds did not feed at night, but tended to raft in areas with deeper water than foraging locations.

Mapping the spatial and temporal distribution of Hutton's shearwaters at sea will be fundamental to their conservation, as it can reveal potential areas of overlap with fisheries and other industrial users of the marine environment.
Multiple introductions and population structure during the rapid expansion of the invasive Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii)
Authors: Winkler Daniel E. , Chapin Kenneth J. , François Olivier , Garmon J. David , Gaut Brandon S. , Huxman Travis E.
Published: June 2019

The specific mechanisms that result in the success of any species invasion case are difficult to document. Reproductive strategies are often cited as a primary driver of invasive success, with human activities further facilitating invasions by, for example, acting as seed vectors for dispersal via road, train, air, and marine traffic, and by producing efficient corridors for movement including canals, drainages, and roadways. Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) is a facultative autogamous annual native to Eurasia that has rapidly invaded the southwestern United States within the past century, displacing natives, and altering water‐limited landscapes in the southwest. We used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach to study the population structure and spatial geography of Sahara mustard from 744 individuals from 52 sites across the range of the species’ invasion. We also used herbaria records to model range expansion since its initial introduction in the 1920s. We found that Sahara mustard occurs as three populations in the United States unstructured by geography, identified three introduction sites, and combined herbaria records with genomic analyses to map the spread of the species. Low genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are consistent with self‐fertilization, which likely promoted rapid invasive spread. Overall, we found that Sahara mustard experienced atypical expansion patterns, with a relatively constant rate of expansion and without the lag phase that is typical of many invasive species.
Prevalence of diabetes and cardio‐metabolic risk factors in young men in the United Arab Emirates: A cross‐sectional national survey
Authors: Alzaabi Ashraf , Al‐Kaabi Juma , Al‐Maskari Fatma , Farhood Ahmed Faisal , Ahmed Luai A.
Published: June 2019

Introduction

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cardio‐metabolic risk factors in men under 30 in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study included 33 327 Emirati men aged 18‐29 attending an obligatory standardized medical examination between May 2015 and February 2017. Body mass index, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure were assessed.

Results

Overall, 7720 subjects (24.4%) were overweight and 8835 (28.0%) obese. The age‐adjusted prevalence was 4.7% [95% CI: 4.4‐5.0] for diabetes, 41.3% [40.6‐41.9] for impaired fasting glucose, 5.5% [5.2‐5.8] for hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL), 11.5% [11.1%‐12.0%] for hypertriglyceridaemia (≥150 mg/dL) and 10.4% [10.0%‐10.8%] for hypertension (diastolic or systolic blood pressure—or both—above upper limit of normal). These conditions were already present in the youngest age groups and rise progressively and rapidly with age. Of the 26 648 subjects with valid data for all cardio‐metabolic risk factors, 16 563 subjects (62.2%) presented ≥ 1 factor, 6392 subjects presented ≥2 factors (24.0%) and 63 (0.2%) presented all five. Patients who were obese were more likely to present multiple cardio‐metabolic risk factors and to have hypertension (P < 0.0001). All cardio‐metabolic risk factors were highly correlated with each other.

Conclusions

This national cohort study in the UAE revealed that obesity, diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, hypercholesterolaemia, triglyceridaemia and hypertension are already highly prevalent in young adulthood. Public health initiatives are required to address these and to anticipate the future burden of diabetes and major cardiovascular disease for which these men are at high risk.
Spontaneous Hydrosilylation of Substituted C=N Imines
Authors: Růžičková Zdeňka , Jambor Roman , Novák Miroslav
Published: June 2019

4‐Methoxy and 2,4‐di‐tBu substituted C,N‐chelating ligands 2‐[(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH]‐4‐MeO‐C6H3}– and {2‐[(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=CH]‐4,6‐tBu2‐C6H3}– and also {2‐[(2,6‐Me2‐C6H3)N=C(Me)]‐C6H4}– and {2‐[(2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3)N=C(Me)]‐5,6‐OCH2O‐C6H2}– containing Me substituted imine group were used for the preparation of intramolecularly coordinated organohydridosilanes L1–4PhnSiH4‐n and L1SiHCl2. The spontaneous hydrosilylation reaction occurs very quickly in L1–4PhnSiH4‐n and hydrosilylated products are formed. In contrast, the isolation of L1SiHCl2 allows us to study kinetics of the hydrosilylation.
A new experimental model of muscle pain in humans based on short‐wave diathermy
Authors: Mista Christian A. , Laugero Silvio J. , Adur Javier F. , Andersen Ole K. , Biurrun Manresa José A.
Published: June 2019

Background

Experimental models of pain in humans are crucial for understanding pain mechanisms. The most often used muscle pain models involve the injection of algesic substances, such as hypertonic saline solution or nerve growth factor or the induction of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) by an unaccustomed exercise routine. However, these models are either invasive or take substantial time to develop, and the elicited level of pain/soreness is difficult to control. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose to elicit muscle pain by a localized application of short‐wave diathermy (SWD).

Methods

In this crossover study, SWD was administered to 18 healthy volunteers to the wrist extensor muscle group, with a constant stimulation intensity and up to 4 min. Pressure pain threshold (PPT), pinprick sensitivity (PPS) and self‐reported muscle soreness were assessed at baseline and at 0, 30 and 60 min after application of SWD.

Results

SWD evoked localized muscle pain/soreness in the wrist extensor muscle group and a decrease of PPT in the treated arm compared with the control arm that lasted for at least 60 min, reflecting ongoing hyperalgesia after SWD application. PPS was not significantly altered 30–60 min following SWD, suggesting a minimal contribution from skin tissue to sustained hyperalgesia.

Conclusions

SWD was able to elicit muscle soreness and hyperalgesia up to 60 min after its application. Thus, this new model represents a promising tool for investigating muscle pain in humans.

Significance

This study presents an experimental model to elicit sustained muscle pain based on short‐wave diathermy. The main advantages of the model are its noninvasiveness, the possibility to control stimulation parameters in a reliable way and the convenience of the time frame in which pain and hyperalgesia are developed.
A Facile Synthesis of Stable TiO2/TiC Composite Material as Sulfur Immobilizers for Cathodes of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Excellent Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Lang Xiaoshi , Zhao Yilin , Cai Kedi , Li Lan , Chen Dongming , Zhang Qingguo
Published: June 2019

At the moment, sulfur immobilizers for lithium–sulfur batteries have been extensively studied. Herein, a facile synthesis of stable TiO2/TiC composite materials as sulfur immobilizers for cathodes of lithium–sulfur batteries is shown; the conductivity of TiC and strong adsorption of the Ti—O bond on sulfur in TiO2 are combined together to achieve excellent conductivity and effectively inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectrogram peak tests show that the TiC surface is successfully coated by a layer of TiO2 with a stable structure and excellent porosity. Physical and chemical adsorption of sulfur hosting with the TiO2/TiC composite material is formed by a hot‐melting method. Electrochemical performance tests show that when the proportion of sulfur hosting is 55%, the cathode has better reversibility, lower charge transfer impedance, and higher lithium‐ion diffusion rate. Charge and discharge results prove that the specific capacities are 1044.68, 870.62, and 696.06 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 C, respectively, and after 400 cycles, the capacity retention rate is over 50%. This proves that TiO2/TiC composite materials are well‐suited to act as sulfur immobilizers for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Danish Fisheries and Aquaculture: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Skov Christian , Berg Søren , Eigaard Ole Ritzau , Jessen Troels Kjeldberg , Skov Peter Vilhelm
Published: June 2019

Denmark has long fisheries and aquaculture traditions. Today, the marine commercial fishery has three major fleet categories with respect to the type of target species: (1) fisheries for industrial fish species, (2) fisheries for pelagic fish species that are intended for human consumption, and (3) fisheries for demersal fish and shellfish species that are intended for human consumption. Recreational fisheries are widespread and dominated by angling but also include net gear fishing and spearfishing. A mandatory national license system for recreational fishers has been in place since 1987. This system finances research as well as management initiatives, such as stocking and habitat restoration, the latter especially in relation to streams. Written evidence of aquaculture in Denmark dates back to 1241. Presently, production is dominated by land-based facilities producing Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Here we present a short review of the history of these three fishery sectors, including examples of their cultural importance as well as their current state and future perspectives.
Comparison of pulsed vacuum and ultrasound osmotic dehydration on drying of Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): Drying characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and volatile profiles
Authors: An Kejing , Tang Daobang , Wu Jijun , Fu Manqin , Wen Jing , Xiao Gengsheng , Xu Yujuan
Published: June 2019

The effects of pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) and ultrasound osmotic dehydration (USOD) on drying characteristics and quality attributes of ginger were investigated. PVOD was subjected to pulsed vacuum at 13 kPa for 30 min, and USOD was subjected to ultrasound with the frequency of 40 kHz for 30 min. After PVOD and USOD treatments, the samples were then dried at intermittent microwave & air‐drying oven with an output of 700 W and temperature of 60°C to the final moisture content of 0.12 g water/g d.w. The results showed PVOD and USOD treatments could improve the total phenolic contents by −1.8% to 16.4%, total flavonoid content by 7.7%–18.7%, DPPH radical scavenging by 9.5%–12.2%, and ABTS+ antioxidant activity by 17.8%–27.4%, although they prolonged the later stages drying of ginger. Besides, the PVOD‐ and USOD‐pretreated dried samples had less brownings than the untreated‐dried samples which could be attributed to the inactivation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). The PPO activity was significantly reduced in the PVOD and USOD ginger, whereas POD activity was decreased in USOD ginger but increased in PVOD ginger. Moreover, PVOD pretreatment also led to a better preservation of volatile profiles and cell structure than USOD treatment. Therefore, both PVOD and USOD are effective pretreatments for drying of ginger.
Optimizing venetoclax dose in combination with low intensive therapies in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: An exposure‐response analysis
Authors: Agarwal Suresh , Gopalakrishnan Sathej , Mensing Sven , Potluri Jalaja , Hayslip John , Kirschbrown Whitney , Friedel Anna , Menon Rajeev , Salem Ahmed Hamed
Published: June 2019

The objective of this research was to characterize the venetoclax exposure‐efficacy and exposure‐safety relationships and determine its optimal dose in elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving venetoclax in combination with low intensity therapies (hypomethylating agent [HMA; azacitidine or decitabine] or low‐dose cytarabine [LDAC]). A total of 212 patients from the HMA study and 92 patients from the LDAC study were included in the exposure‐safety analyses. Those who received at least one dose of venetoclax and had at least one measurable response (201 and 83 in the HMA and LDAC studies, respectively) were included in the exposure‐efficacy analyses. The probability of response based on International Working Group (IWG) for AML response criteria, adverse events of grade 3 or worse neutropenia or infection or a serious adverse event was modeled using logistic regression analyses to characterize the venetoclax exposure‐response relationships. In combination with an HMA, increasing concentrations of venetoclax, up to those associated with a less than or equal to 400‐mg once daily (QD) dose, were associated with a higher probability of response, with a trend for flat or decreasing probabilities of response thereafter. In combination with LDAC, increasing concentrations of venetoclax were associated with higher probabilities of response, with no plateau observed. Increasing concentrations of venetoclax were not associated with increasing probability of any safety event except for a slight increase in grade 3 or worse infections with HMAs; however, tolerability issues were observed at doses of greater than or equal to 800 mg QD in each study. Exposure‐response analyses support the use of venetoclax 400 mg QD in combination with an HMA and 600 mg QD in combination with LDAC (ie, the next highest dose evaluated below 800 mg in each combination) to safely maximize the probability of response in elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML.
FRK plays an oncogenic role in non‐small cell lung cancer by enhancing the stemness phenotype via induction of metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Yongfeng , Chai Li , Bu Hong , Yang Ying , Huang Hong , Ran Jingjing , Zhu Yihan , Li Li , Chen Fei , Li Weimin
Published: June 2019

The role of Fyn‐related kinase (FRK) in malignant tumors remains controversial. Our study investigated the function of FRK in lung cancer. Immunohistochemistry staining and generating a knockout of FRK by CRISPR/Cas9 in H1299 (FRK‐KO‐H1299) cells were strategies used to explore the role of FRK. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that FRK expression was elevated in 223 lung cancer tissues compared to 26 distant normal lung tissues. FRK contributed to poor survival status in lung cancer patients and acted as a predictor for poor prognosis of lung cancer. Knockout of FRK by CRISPR/Cas9 markedly inhibited proliferation, invasion, colony formation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in the lung cancer cell line H1299. Further exploration indicated that FRK‐KO damaged the stemness phenotype of H1299 by inhibiting CD44 and CD133 expression. Seahorse detection and a U‐13C flux assay revealed that FRK‐KO induced metabolism reprogramming by inhibiting the Warburg effect and changing the energy type in H1299 cells. Epidermal growth factor stimulation recovered the expression of FRK and biological functions, metabolic reprogramming and stemness phenotype of H1299 cells. FRK plays an oncogenic role in lung cancer cells via a novel regulation mechanism of enhancing the stemness of H1299 cells by inducing metabolism reprogramming, which finally promotes EMT and metastasis. Our study also indicates that FRK could be used as a potential therapeutic target for drug development.
Designing Molecular Building Blocks for Functional Polymersomes
Authors: Rijpkema Sjoerd J. , Toebes B. Jelle , Maas Marijn N. , de Kler Noël R. M. , Wilson Daniela A.
Published: June 2019

In recent years various polymeric vesicles have been reported that show promising results for drug delivery applications, nanomotors and/or nanoreactors. These polymeric vesicles can be assembled from many different materials and various coupling reactions have been applied for functionalization of the vesicles. However, the designs reported are still rather simple, as it is challenging to mimic biological complex systems. In this review we focus on the properties of widely used hydrophobic polymers to better understand polymersome properties for various applications. Examples are shown of how researchers have used and modulated block‐copolymers and their properties to their advantage. Furthermore, an overview of possible end group functionalizations of nanoparticles is reported, giving insight in recent developments of smart nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
Monte Carlo modeling of photon migration in realistic human thoracic tissues for noninvasive monitoring of cardiac hemodynamics
Authors: Liu Weichao , Chen Wenjing , Fang Xiang , Li Yingxin , Li Ting
Published: June 2019

Noninvasive monitoring of cardiac hemodynamics remains challenging in cardiovascular medicine. The possibility of noninvasive optical monitoring of cardiac hemodynamics was theoretically investigated in this study. By utilizing the Monte Carlo simulation method for voxelized media (MCVM) and Visible Chinese Human dataset, we quantified and visualized the photon migration in human thoracic region. The light fluence distribution was showed to reach heart tissue (∼3 cm depth underbody surface) and 12% of the total fluence was absorbed by the myocardium. The proportion of spatial sensitivity distribution (SSD) in cardiac tissue to the total SSD reached 0.0195%. The portion of SSD increased following with cardiac diastole and diffuse reflectance deceased linearly with increasing cardiac volume. The optimal separation between the light source and detector was provided to be 3.5 to 4.0 cm for future development of noninvasive cardiac hemodynamics monitoring. A pilot experimental study was conducted to measure the diffuse reflectance light and fingertip photoplethysmography. These data suggest that the fluctuation period of near‐infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance was consistent with the cardiac cycle, while the fluctuation features of the NIR signal was not consistent with that of photoplethysmography. All results indicate the great potential of noninvasive optical monitoring of myocardial hemodynamics.
Nine questions on energy decomposition analysis
Authors: Andrés Juan , Ayers Paul W. , Boto Roberto A. , Carbó‐Dorca Ramon , Chermette Henry , Cioslowski Jerzy , Contreras‐García Julia , Cooper David L. , Frenking Gernot , Gatti Carlo , Heidar‐Zadeh Farnaz , Joubert Laurent , Martín Pendás Ángel , Matito Eduard , Mayer István , Misquitta Alston J. , Mo Yirong , Pilmé Julien , Popelier Paul L. A. , Rahm Martin , Ramos‐Cordoba Eloy , Salvador Pedro , Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Shahbazian Shant , Silvi Bernard , Solà Miquel , Szalewicz Krzysztof , Tognetti Vincent , Weinhold Frank , Zins Émilie‐Laure
Published: June 2019

The paper collects the answers of the authors to the following questions:

Is the lack of precision in the definition of many chemical concepts one of the reasons for the coexistence of many partition schemes?

Does the adoption of a given partition scheme imply a set of more precise definitions of the underlying chemical concepts?

How can one use the results of a partition scheme to improve the clarity of definitions of concepts?

Are partition schemes subject to scientific Darwinism? If so, what is the influence of a community's sociological pressure in the “natural selection” process?

To what extent does/can/should investigated systems influence the choice of a particular partition scheme?

Do we need more focused chemical validation of Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) methodology and descriptors/terms in general?

Is there any interest in developing common benchmarks and test sets for cross‐validation of methods?

Is it possible to contemplate a unified partition scheme (let us call it the “standard model” of partitioning), that is proper for all applications in chemistry, in the foreseeable future or even in principle?

In the end, science is about experiments and the real world. Can one, therefore, use any experiment or experimental data be used to favor one partition scheme over another? © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational Assessment of MLCT versus MC Stabilities in First‐to‐Third‐Row d6 Pseudo‐Octahedral Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Batlogg Aymerick , Fumanal Maria
Published: June 2019

An accurate modeling of metal‐to‐ligand‐charge‐transfer (MLCT) and metal‐centered (MC) excited state energies is key to predict the photoinduced response in transition metal complexes (TMCs). Herein, the importance of the ground state and excited state reference geometries is addressed for three‐prototype d6 pseudo‐octahedral TMCs, each displaying a different potential energy landscape of MLCT versus MC relative stabilities. Several functionals are used within the time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), as well as multireference wave‐function theory (MS‐CASPT2), applied to [Mn(im)(CO)3(phen)]+, [Ru(im)2(bpy)2]2+, and [Re(im)(CO)3(phen)]+, (im: imidazole, bpy: bypiridine, phen: phenantroline). The results revel that TDDFT is robust except when using B3LYP functional for first‐row d6 TMCs. In contrast, MS‐CASPT2 calculations are strongly biased in those cases with competitive MLCT/MC states. The results reinforce the reliability of B3LYP to describe the excited states in d6 TMCs, but question the validity of assessing the density functional theory (DFT)/TDDFT performance via direct comparison with MS‐CASPT2 performed at the same DFT reference geometry as a standard strategy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved osteogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells cultured on polyvinylidene fluoride/collagen/platelet‐rich plasma composite nanofibers
Authors: Abazari Mohammad Foad , Soleimanifar Fatemeh , Amini Faskhodi Mojdeh , Mansour Reyhaneh Nassiri , Amini Mahabadi Javad , Sadeghi Solmaz , Hassannia Hadi , Saburi Ehsan , Enderami Seyed Ehsan , Khani Mohammad Mehdi , Zare Karizi Shohreh
Published: June 2019

Blood transfusion or blood products, such as plasma, have a long history in improving health, but today, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is used in various medical areas such as surgery, orthopedics, and rheumatology in many ways. Considering the high efficiency of tissue engineering in repairing bone defects, in this study, we investigated the combined effect of nanofibrous scaffolds in combination with PRP on the osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Electrospinning was used for fabricating nanofibrous scaffolds by polyvinylidene fluoride/collagen (PVDF/col) with and without PRP. After scaffold characterization, the osteoinductivity of the fabricated scaffolds was studied by culturing human iPSCs under osteogenic medium. The results showed that PRP has a considerable positive effect on the biocompatibility of the PVDF/col nanofibrous scaffold when examined by protein adsorption, cell attachment, and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. In addition, the results obtained from alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content assays demonstrated that nanofibers have higher osteoinductivity while grown on PRP‐incorporated PVDF/col nanofibers. These results were also confirmed while the osteogenic differentiation of the iPSCs was more investigated by evaluating the most important bone‐related genes expression level. According to the results, it can be concluded that PVDF/col/PRP has much more osteoinductivity while compared with the PVDF/col, and it can be introduced as a promising bone bio‐implant for use in bone tissue engineering applications.
Compensating for Innovation: Extreme Product Incongruity Encourages Consumers to Affirm Unrelated Consumption Schemas
Authors: Taylor Nükhet , Noseworthy Theodore J.
Published: June 2019

New products are often extremely incongruent with expectations. The inability to make sense of these products elevates anxiety and leads to negative evaluations. Although scholars have predominantly focused on combating the negative response to extreme incongruity, we propose that extreme incongruity may have implications that extend beyond the category. We base our predictions on the concept of fluid compensation, which suggests that when people struggle to make sense of something, they will nonconsciously reinforce highly accessible schemas in unrelated domains. Four studies confirm that extreme incongruity encourages fluid compensation, such that it elevates preference for dominant brands (study 1), green consumption (studies 2 and 4), and ethnocentric products (study 3). We isolate the causal role of anxiety using moderation tasks and biometric feedback. Furthermore, we demonstrate that compensation has an immediate dampening effect on arousal intensity. Thus, if consumers can compensate before explicitly evaluating an extremely incongruent product, their evaluations tend not to be negative. Taken together, we document that extreme innovations encourage compensation, and in compensating, consumers can become more receptive to extreme innovations.
Making light work of heavy metal contamination: the potential for coupling bioremediation with bioenergy production
Authors: Raikova Sofia , Piccini Marco , Surman Matthew K , Allen Michael J , Chuck Christopher J
Published: June 2019

Intense anthropogenic activity continues to expose the natural environment to heavy metal contamination. Whilst a number of physical and chemical solutions for remediation exist, the use of higher plants and algae for clean‐up of contaminated landscapes, termed ‘phytoremediation’ and ‘phycoremediation’, respectively, offer an attractive and sustainable alternative. However, these remediation processes will always lead to a high‐moisture, heavy metal‐contaminated biomass, which must be further processed to partition, or render inert, the metal contaminants. Conversion of this metal‐rich biomass into second‐generation biofuels offers a useful route to subsidise the economics of remediation activities. Here we briefly review the various methods for bioremediation of heavy metals, and discuss the potential to produce bioenergy from these biomass sources. Coupling the bioremediation activity to bioenergy production gives far‐reaching social and economic benefits; however, established processes such as direct combustion and anaerobic digestion risk releasing heavy metals back into the environment. Alternatively, thermochemical conversions such as pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) offer significant advantages in terms of the segregation of metals into a relatively inert and compact solid phase while producing a biocrude oil for bioenergy production. In addition, preliminary work suggests that the HTL process can also be used to partition essential macronutrients, such as N, P and K, into an aqueous medium, allowing additional nutrient recycling. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of variable salinity wastewater on performance and kinetics of membrane‐based bioreactors
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sanchez Alejandro , Leyva‐Diaz Juan Carlos , Muñoz‐Palazon Barbara , Gonzalez‐Lopez Jesus , Poyatos Jose M
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

A membrane bioreactor and two hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor‐membrane bioreactor systems were operated in parallel for the treatment of variable‐salinity wastewater. Influent salinity was changed according to tidal‐like cycles: 6 h of maximum salinity (4.5 or 8.5 mS cm−1) followed by 6 h of regular wastewater salinity (around 1 mS cm−1).

RESULTS

For the two salinity scenarios, the bioprocesses operated under different conditions of mixed liquor total suspended solids (2500 and 3500 mg L−1), and hydraulic retention time (6, 9.5 and 12 h). The results showed that the bioprocesses had better performance under 4.5 mS cm−1 than under 8.5 mS cm−1 in terms of removal of biological oxygen demand at day 5 (BOD5) (+6.07%), ammonium cation (NH4+) (+41.29%) and total nitrogen (+37.64%), the heterotrophic and autotrophic yield coefficients (+0.02777 mgVSS mgCOD−1 and +0.13990 mgVSS mgN−1), and the autotrophic rate of substrate utilization (+3.39559 mgN L−1 h−1).

CONCLUSIONS

The results obtained would become of help for the modeling of membrane‐based systems treating variable saline wastewater. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles via Hurd–Mori Reaction
Authors: Gudala Satish , Ambati Srinivasa Rao , Patel Jeevan Lal , Vedula Rajeswar Rao , Penta Santhosh
Published: June 2019

An efficient synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of pyrazolyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles via Hurd–Mori cyclization reaction. The reaction of various pyrazolyl‐phenylethanones with semicarbazide hydrochloride in the presence of sodium acetate/methanol gave the corresponding semicarbazones (3a–i). These semicarbazones were further reacted with thionyl chloride via the Hurd–Mori cyclization conditions to accomplish the title products (4a–i). The present protocol favored for the formation of both pyrazolyl semicarbazone derivatives and pyrazolyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole derivatives by forming C─S, N─S, and C═N bonds in excellent yields with variety of substrates. The final compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral studies.
Incomplete ART adherence is associated with higher inflammation in individuals who achieved virologic suppression in the START study
Authors: Castillo‐Mancilla Jose R , Phillips Andrew N , Neaton James D , Neuhaus Jacqueline , Sharma Shweta , Baker Jason V , Collins Simon , Mannheimer Sharon , Pett Sarah , Touzeau‐Römer Veronique , Polizzotto Mark N , Lundgren Jens D , Gardner Edward M ,   the INSIGHT START Study Group
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Suboptimal ART adherence, despite HIV viral suppression, has been associated with chronic residual inflammation. Whether this association extends to individuals who initiate ART during early HIV infection remains unknown, which was the objective of this study.

Methods

Plasma levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), IL‐27, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule‐1, D‐dimer and the CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell ratio, were analysed at baseline and eight months after ART initiation in treatment‐naïve participants with HIV and CD4+ T‐cells >500 cells/mm3 enrolled in the immediate arm of START. Adherence was assessed by seven‐day self‐report. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to analyse the association between ART adherence and each biomarker at the eight‐month visit in participants who achieved virologic suppression (<50 copies/mL).

Results

We evaluated 1627 participants (422 female) who achieved virologic suppression at the eight‐month visit in the period between 2009 and 2013. Median (IQR) CD4+ T‐cell count before ART was 651 (585, 769) cells/mm3. Incomplete adherence was reported in 109 (7%) participants at the eight month visit. After adjusting for covariates, plasma IL‐6 was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.26; p = 0.047) fold higher in participants reporting incomplete versus 100% adherence. A similar association for SAA was observed in an exploratory analysis (1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60); p = 0.02). No significant differences in other biomarkers were observed.

Conclusions

Incomplete ART adherence was associated with higher IL‐6 levels in individuals who achieved virologic suppression early after ART initiation in START. A potential similar association for SAA requires confirmation. These findings suggest a role for identifying strategies to maximize ART adherence even during virologic suppression. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00867048.
Multi‐model assessment of global temperature variability on different time scales
Authors: Yu Haipeng , Wei Yun , Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiaoyue , Huang Jianping , Feng Taichen , Zhang Meng
Published: June 2019

This study explores the near‐surface air temperature (TAS) prediction skills at different time scales via coupled climate models that were involved in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The simulation skills of the global mean TAS are first assessed between the observations and models; then, the temporal variability is separated into three parts (the linear trend, decadal variability and inter‐annual variability), and each part is compared with the observations. It is found that the global mean TAS anomaly and the decadal variability are well captured by the model, while the inter‐annual variability is poorly presented. In all the three parts of different time scales, there are larger differences among the 18 models, and the ensemble mean of CMIP5 is the closest to the observations. Besides, the TAS decadal variability is better presented for global ocean than for global land. In the assessment of climate oscillation, it is found that the models can well reproduce the TAS decadal variation patterns correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the inter‐annual variation patterns correlated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but poor for the decadal variation patterns related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). This study provides a reference assessing the simulation skills of climate models and an indicator evaluating the advantage of CMIP6 in comparison with CMIP5.
Late Quaternary sea‐level change and evolution of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland: new offshore evidence and implications for sea‐level reconstruction
Authors: Plets Ruth M. K. , Callard S. Louise , Cooper J. Andrew G. , Kelley Joseph T. , Belknap Daniel F. , Edwards Robin J. , Long Antony J. , Quinn Rory J. , Jackson Derek W. T.
Published: June 2019

The interplay of eustatic and isostatic factors causes complex relative sea‐level (RSL) histories, particularly in paraglacial settings. In this context the past record of RSL is important in understanding ice‐sheet history, earth rheology and resulting glacio‐isostatic adjustment. Field data to develop sea‐level reconstructions are often limited to shallow depths and uncertainty exists as to the veracity of modelled sea‐level curves. We use seismic stratigraphy, 39 vibrocores and 26 radiocarbon dates to investigate the deglacial history of Belfast Lough, Northern Ireland, and reconstruct past RSL. A typical sequence of till, glacimarine and Holocene sediments is preserved. Two sea‐level lowstands (both max. −40 m) are recorded at c. 13.5 and 11.5k cal a bp. Each is followed by a rapid transgression and subsequent periods of RSL stability. The first transgression coincides temporally with a late stage of Meltwater Pulse 1a and the RSL stability occurred between c. 13.0 and c. 12.2k cal a bp (Younger Dryas). The second still/slowstand occurred between c. 10.3 and c. 11.5k cal a bp. Our data provide constraints on the direction and timing of RSL change during deglaciation. Application of the Depth of Closure concept adds an error term to sea‐level reconstructions based on seismic stratigraphic reconstructions.