bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal control for anti-lock braking system: Output feedback adaptive controller design and processor in the loop validation test
Authors: El-bakkouri Jamal , Ouadi Hamid , Giri Fouad , Saad Abdallah
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the problem of controlling anti-lock braking system (ABS) was considered. Based on LuGre friction model, an output-feedback adaptive controller that enjoys good braking performances whatever the road conditions, was developed. Specifically, the controller tracks the optimal slip coefficient and, unlike previous work, the reference slip ratio is online estimated according to road conditions as well as longitudinal vehicle speed. The adaptive feature of the controller proves to be crucial for compensating the uncertainty on the changing road characteristics. The controller consists of: (i) a generator of the reference signal for the slip coefficient designed in the form of a neural network; (ii) a nonlinear observer for estimating the internal friction state; (iii) a backstepping adaptive control law, designed on the basis of a quarter-car model, that ensures tracking of the optimal slip value and providing estimates of the model unknown parameters. The controller stability properties are analyzed using Lyapunov stability tools. The theoretical stability results are confirmed by processor-in-the-loop (PIL) experiments in different road conditions. A comparative study, a robustness test, and a co-simulation involving CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink were made to highlight the much better performances, in terms of stability, tracking, robustness, and practicability of the new controller.
Research on fault diagnosis and signal reconstruction technology of diesel engine NOx sensor based on deep learning algorithm
Authors: Zhang Weizhen , Li Jiehui
Published: December 2022

Modern diesel engines are commonly equipped with NOx sensors for precise and efficient selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reductant injection control, but due to the limitations of operating characteristics and environmental conditions, the output signal of NOx sensors may show abnormalities such as drift, deviation, or even distortion. Therefore, the evaluation and adjustment of the NOx sensor signal is essential to achieve intelligent control of the engine SCR system. In this study, an engine NOx calculation model is designed using deep neural network (DNN) to predict the upstream NOx emission concentration of engine SCR and provide reference values for sensor fault diagnosis, evaluate the sensor fault status by calculating the relative integration error index (IE), and reconstruct the sensor signal using the model prediction signal after the fault is confirmed. In addition, this paper uses the firefly algorithm (FA) to find the appropriate diagnostic threshold (IEthre) and integration period ( T) to meet the requirements of diagnosis response speed. Finally, based on the data collected from World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) bench test of a commercial high-pressure common rail diesel engine, the IEthre = 12.76% and the T = 7.57 s. The root mean square error (RSME) of the NOx concentration signal predicted by the engine NOx calculation model was 37.35 ppm, and the normalized cumulative NOx emission was 98% of the actual signal. The performance of the designed algorithm was tested using the synthesized bias fault and drift fault signals. The sensor signal RSME was reduced from 108.46 to 29.66 ppm for the bias fault, and from 106.92 to 31.30 ppm for the drift fault.
Audience segmentation analysis of public intentions to get a COVID-19 vaccine in Australia
Authors: Thaker Jagadish , Richardson Lucy M. , Holmes David C.
Published: December 2022

While previous studies provide broad categories of the public who intend to get a COVID-19 vaccine, few systematically segment and help understand and engage with distinct publics to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Using data from a national sample of the Australian public ( N = 1054) and using measures primarily based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a latent class analysis of 16 items was undertaken to identify COVID-19 audience segments for potential future message targeting. We found five different segments of COVID-19 vaccine intentions: vaccine enthusiasts (28%), supporters (26%), socials (20%), hesitant (15%) and sceptics (10%). These five audience segments also differ on demographic variables and their level of trust in mainstream media, scientists and health experts, social media and family and friends. Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine attitudinal and information-seeking characteristics of these sub-publics will help inform appropriate messaging campaigns.
Community’s Role for Marginalised Children
Authors: Jass Harpreet Kaur , Khatoon Sabeena
Published: December 2022

This article discusses the role of the community in the development of socio-economically marginalised children. There are several government schemes and civil society efforts for their upliftment. There is further need to critically analyse researches done with a distinct political stance which either seek to manage the marginalised or to ‘empower’ them. Such policies are simply management techniques and are not really a quest for the actual empowerment of these communities. Most of the research are carried from the perspective of a ‘deficit model’ perspective and not with an unprejudiced perspective of ‘reaching out’.

The article draws from three qualitative field studies, with different settings of marginalised children in Delhi-NCR to argue for an empathy-based model for researching the underprivileged. The empirical argument is further strengthened by insights drawn from Pestalozzi and Savitri Bai Phule’s work with the community. While these action-oriented researches seek to underscore the importance of the work for marginalised sections, we also draw from Dewey’s idea of democratic education that insists upon the schools’ role and responsibility to involve marginalised sections.
Microbiology of fracture related infections
Authors: Graan David , Balogh Zsolt J
Published: December 2022

Fracture related infection remains a challenging complication that creates a heavy burden for orthopaedic trauma patients, their families, treating physicians and healthcare systems. Even current curative approaches (radical debridement, revision surgery and long-term antibiotics) often result in significant socioeconomic costs and the risk of life-long functional impairment to the patient. The prevalence of osteomyelitis due to trauma and surgical complications does not seem to be diminishing in our society and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major health related concern with global relevance. Despite multi-drug resistant bacteria being on the rise universally, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopaedic trauma care has only slightly changed in the last 25 years. Staphylococcus infections remain an increasing global concern, partially due to the resistance mechanisms developed by staphylococci to evade the host immune system and antibiotic treatment, and as such antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective. This paper will address fracture related infections in trauma patients, looking at the bacteriology of these infections, its clinical implications and evolving nature.
Monitoring the wear of turning tools with the electromechanical impedance technique
Authors: Çakir Fatih Hayati , Er Ümit , Tekkalmaz Mesut
Published: December 2022

In this study, Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V alloys were machined using ceramic (WG 300), and carbide (G20M Grade) inserts, respectively. The focused application was grooving. The tool wear was observed with traditional methods and with a new approach, the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique. First, different machining durations were determined to obtain a different level of worn tools, and the wear amounts of tools were measured using a specialized optical microscope. Then, the electromechanical impedance signature of the new and worn tools was measured with two different piezoelectric sensors. It was understood that the wear level of the tools could also be determined with the EMI method. In order to evaluate the damage quantitatively, RMSD and CCD Damage Indexes (DI) were used. With this proposed method, it was thought that the tool wear level and the remaining machining time from the tool could be predicted with calculated DI. Additionally, a second study was conducted on irregularly worn carbide tools; it was understood that sensors location has a significant role in determining the wear zone; for the current setup, the flank wear could be detected more effectively with the EMI method than the wear on the rake side of the cutting tool.
Integrating Horses in Psychotherapy for Transition-Aged Students: A Theory-Driven Logic Model
Authors: Kelly Erin , Wood Wendy , Stallones Lorann , Schmid Arlene A. , Peters B. Caitlin
Published: December 2022

Background: There is a lack of research on psychotherapy interventions for transition-aged students ages 18 to 21 that integrate horses or other equines in the provision of services. A critical early task in researching such complex interventions involves elucidating an intervention's critical elements and theoretical assumptions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-driven logic model of a psychotherapy program for transition-aged students ages 18 to 21 that incorporated horses. Methodology/Approach: The research approach was qualitative description, a low-inference form of qualitative research. Data were collected via interviews with program stakeholders and through review of program documents, and were analyzed using a directed content analysis. Findings/Conclusions: The resulting logic model elucidates theoretical assumptions, activities, resources, outputs, outcomes, and theorized community impact of the psychotherapy program integrating horses. Implications: This study addresses several gaps in existing research on equine-assisted services, particularly the need to thoroughly describe an intervention and its theoretical assumptions, which can guide future program refinement and replication, and future research.
Corneal endothelial cell morphology and optical coherence tomography findings in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yalcın Sibel Oskan , Kaplan Aysin Tuba , Sobu Elif
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To evaluate central macular thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, corneal endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Methods

Thirty children with Type 1 DM and 30 age-matched children as controls were examined. Central macular thickness (CMT) and four quadrants of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT), while endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), hexagonality (HEX) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured by noncontact specular microscopy.

Results

The mean ECD was 2810.77  ±  273.47 cells/mm2 and the mean hexagonality ratio was 49.77  ±  13.2 both were significantly lower (p < 0.001, p  =  0.037 respectively) in the diabetic group compared to the control group. The mean CV was 37.6  ±  7.27, it was significantly higher (p  =  0.024) in the diabetic group than the control group. The mean corneal thickness was greater in the DM group than the controls, but the difference was not significant (p  =  0.176). There were no significant differences in CMT or RNFLT between the two groups. There was a negative correlation between the HbA1c levels and the thickness of the superior quadrants of RNFL (r  =  -0.406, p  =  0.026). The duration of diabetes had no significant correlations with the corneal and retinal parameters.

Conclusion

The diabetic children had changes in corneal endothelial morphology and there was a negative correlation between HbA1c levels and superior quadrant of RNFLT.
A distressing and peculiar disease: endometriosis in the Australian Press 1949–2011
Authors: Bradshaw Erin
Published: December 2022

This study explores how endometriosis has been represented and framed historically in the Australian press. Analysis of 80 articles published between 1949 and 2011 was conducted. Articles were examined for their framing, themes, and voices in a decade-by-decade format. Results found that endometriosis was overwhelmingly framed as a comorbidity to infertility during this timeframe, and experts were commonly sourced compared to patients with the disease. Medical treatments for the disease were also published heavily. Little focus was put on endometriosis as a standalone medical issue until the 1980s. The ways in which this disease is presented in the media may have an impact on general knowledge and understanding of endometriosis, both for patients and the wider public.
National differentiation and imagined authenticity: The Hmong New Year in multicultural Laos and the United States
Authors: Lee Sangmi
Published: December 2022

By comparing changes in New Year’s celebrations among Hmong in two diasporic communities in Laos and the U.S., this paper examines the temporal and spatial aspects of cultural authenticity in the context of different nation-states and homelands. While the Hmong community in Laos has experienced considerable reduction and impoverishment of their New Year’s over time, their co-ethnics in the United States have expanded it into an elaborate and commercialized festival. Such modifications of this cultural tradition reflect differing levels of economic development and the multicultural ideologies of these two nation-states. Because both diasporic Hmong communities realize that their New Year’s has dramatically changed from the past, neither claims to have retained the “authentic” tradition. Instead, they produce discourses about imagined authenticity which presume that a more “authentic” version of their New Year’s existed not only temporally in the past, but also continues to be spatially located in distant ethnic or natal homelands.
RDE cycle simulation by 0D/1D models to investigate IC engine performance and cylinder-out emissions
Authors: Marinoni Andrea Massimo , Onorati Angelo , Montenegro Gianluca , Sforza Lorenzo , Cerri Tarcisio , Olmeda Pablo , Dreif Amin
Published: December 2022

In this work, the development and application of advanced predictive 0D/1D methodologies to simulate Real Driving Emission (RDE) cycles are described. Firstly, the 1D simulation model is validated on a map of steady state operating points, which allows to use successively the very same model, with its calibration, during an RDE cycle simulation, considering the sequence of varying loads, and rotational speeds. In particular, the validated 1D model is used to simulate a typical RDE transient cycle of approximately 1 h and 45 min. The test case investigated is a modern plug-in hybrid passenger car engine, in which the thermal power unit consists of a 1 L three-cylinder, turbocharged gasoline engine. The experimental and simulated RDE cycle is characterized by a sensibly varying Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) operation, allowing to evaluate engine performance and cylinder out emissions. To speed up the calculation and significantly lower the Central Processing Unit (CPU)/real time ratio a dedicated numerical solver for fast simulation has been implemented and tested, while keeping the fidelity of the results. A predictive 0D, multi-zone model for Spark Ignition (SI) combustion has been applied, together with emission sub-models for the calculation of the main pollutants. Both instantaneous and cumulative emissions have been evaluated. The results of the simulations have been compared to the experimental data of RDE cycles, showing a good predictiveness of the models and the high potential of 0D/1D simulation codes as design tools, in the new scenario of demanding testing procedures. This approach can be applied for any engine configuration operating under any transient condition.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Originating in the Hand: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Christopoulos Georgios , Khoury Alexandra , Johnson Miguel , Sergentanis Theodoros N.
Published: December 2022

Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive and potentially lethal infection. This systematic review focused on the treatment and prognosis of the NF of the hand. The literature search was performed in PubMed database, and cohort studies and case reports were deemed eligible. Proportions were pooled to estimate overall mortality and amputation rates, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of amputation and mortality. The search algorithm resulted in 51 eligible articles including 48 case reports (54 patients) and 3 larger retrospective cohort studies (107 patients). Most patients had a monomicrobial infection, a surgical debridement on the day of admission, and hospital stay of more than 10 days. The estimated overall amputation rate was 28%, whereas overall mortality was equal to 8%. In the pooled set of case reports, mortality was significantly associated with age older than 54 years and marginally with diabetes mellitus. Necrosis expanding more proximally to the forearm correlated with both amputation and mortality. It is reiterated that early diagnosis of NF is of paramount importance and that early and decisive surgical intervention should have low threshold, especially when potential risk factors are identified.
An examination of how and why triathlon coaches use a suite of technologies in their practice
Authors: Wells Leighton , Konoval Timothy , Bruce Lyndell
Published: December 2022

Current literature has examined the technical aspects of triathlon, technologies used in triathlon, and coaching practice in isolation. However, what is not known, and what this research will examine for the first time, are the relationship between these elements and how they interconnect and influence each other. The study also examines how coaches decide what technology to use and why, in relation to their coaching philosophy. Seven individual 1-hour interviews were conducted via video conference with national and international triathlon coaches. The coaches ( n = 7) had varying backgrounds, including former elite-level athletes, sport science professionals, and health science graduates. Using a qualitative inductive and deductive thematic analysis, four central themes were discovered. Findings indicate that the opportunities and challenges of implementing new and emerging technologies are ongoing, with coaches not always having consistent views, levels of flexibility, or open-mindedness as to which technologies to use and why. Notably, coaches are concerned about athletes' over-reliance on technology and the data it produces, impacting the athlete's perception of their effort. We conclude that despite switching between different philosophical views of technology, coaches ultimately choose a suite of technologies based on comfort in addition to selecting tools that will enhance the performance of their athletes. Coaches also prioritise the health and well-being of their athletes and will use technology to assist in collecting data to aid in this process. Finally, coaches want athletes to stay ‘in tune’ with their inner sense of effort, and not become overly reliant on objective data.
Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation in dystonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Morrison-Ham Jordan , Clark Gillian M. , Ellis Elizabeth G. , Cerins Andris , Joutsa Juho , Enticott Peter G. , Corp Daniel T.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Deep brain stimulation is a highly effective treatment of dystonia but is invasive and associated with risks, such as intraoperative bleeding and infections. Previous research has used non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in an attempt to alleviate symptoms of dystonia. The results of these studies, however, have been variable, leaving efficacy unclear.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of NIBS on symptoms of dystonia and determine whether methodological characteristics are associated with variability in effect size.

Methods:

Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE Complete databases were searched for articles using any type of NIBS as an intervention in dystonia patients, with changes in dystonia symptoms the primary outcome of interest.

Results:

Meta-analysis of 27 studies demonstrated a small effect size for NIBS in reducing symptoms of dystonia (random-effects Hedges’ g = 0.21, p = .002). Differences in the type of NIBS, type of dystonia, and brain region stimulated had a significant effect on dystonia symptoms. Meta-regression revealed that 10 sessions of active stimulation and the application of concurrent motor training programs resulted in significantly larger mean effect sizes.

Conclusion:

NIBS has yielded small improvements to dystonic symptoms, but effect sizes depended on methodological characteristics, with more sessions of stimulation producing a larger response. Future research should further investigate the application of NIBS parallel to motor training, in addition to providing a greater quantity of sessions, to help define optimal parameters for NIBS protocols in dystonia.

Registration:

PROSPERO 2020, CRD42020175944.
Greater Telehealth Use Results in Increased Visit Frequency and Lower Physician Related-Distress in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Garcia Jaquelin Flores , Faye Ethan , Reid Mark W. , Pyatak Elizabeth A. , Fox D. Steven , Bisno Daniel I. , Salcedo-Rodriguez Elizabeth , Sanchez Alejandra Torres , Hiyari Sarah , Fogel Jennifer L. , Raymond Jennifer K.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Type one diabetes (T1D) management is challenging for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) due to physiological changes, psychosocial challenges, and increasing independence, resulting in increased diabetes distress and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Alternative care models that engage AYAs and improve diabetes-related health outcomes are needed.

Methods:

A 15-month study evaluated an adaptation of the Colorado Young Adults with T1D (CoYoT1) Care model. CoYoT1 Care includes person-centered care, virtual peer groups, and physician training delivered via telehealth. AYAs (aged 16-25 years) were partially randomized to CoYoT1 or standard care, delivered via telehealth or in-person. As the study was ending, the COVID-19 pandemic forced all AYAs to transition to primarily telehealth appointments. This secondary analysis compares changes in clinic attendance, T1D-related distress, HbA1c, and device use between those who attended more than 50% of diabetes clinic visits via telehealth and those who attended more sessions in-person throughout the course of the study.

Results:

Out of 68 AYA participants, individuals (n = 39, 57%) who attended most (>50%) study visits by telehealth completed more diabetes care visits (3.3 visits) than those (n = 29, 43%) who primarily attended visits in-person (2.5 visits; P = .007). AYAs who primarily attended visits via telehealth maintained stable physician-related distress, while those who attended more in-person visits reported increases in physician-related distress ( P = .03).

Conclusions:

Greater usage of telehealth improved AYA engagement with their care, resulting in increased clinic attendance and reduced physician-related diabetes distress. A person-centered care model delivered via telehealth effectively meets the needs of AYAs with T1D.
Dispersion of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Mixtures of Anionic Technol PG and Sodium Cholate
Authors: Uchida Noriyuki , Yanagi Masayoshi , Hamada Hiroki
Published: December 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in cosmetics and self-cleaning materials because of its high refractive index and photocatalytic activity. In the present work, the surfaces of TiO2 nanoparticles were coated with sodium cholate and the commercially available anionic phospholipid mixture Technol PG. These surface-coated TiO2 nanoparticles could be homogeneously dispersed in water and subsequently produced films on glass substrates after drop casting.
From #BlackLivesMatter to #StopAsianHate: Examining Network Agenda-Setting Effects of Hashtag Activism on Twitter
Authors: Guo Jing , Liu Shujun
Published: December 2022

With large, representative, and comparable data scraped from Twitter, this study tries to provide comprehensive understanding of the salient topics under #BlackLivesMatter and #StopAsianHate online movements. Employing semi-supervised Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, five topics have been extracted from 3-month tweets data after George Floyd’s death in 2020. Six topics have been extracted from 3-month tweets data after the Atlantic spa shooting tragedy in 2021. Both movements reflected salient topics on the tragedy that just took place during the data collection period. In addition, general violence, collective actions, community support, and criticism on White racism are all identified as important issues of the counter-racism discourse flooded on social media. In addition, our study explores the network agenda-setting effects of hashtag activisms. The results show that issue networks of the first 2 weeks’ counter-racism discourses after the crime could not set network agenda for the next 2 weeks’ discourses. However, the network agenda-setting effects became significant after the first 2 weeks and stayed stable as time went on. In addition, we do not find a significant relationship between issue networks of the two movements under study. It counter-argues any assumption that one counter-racism movement online could trigger similar movements among different groups.
Drivers of the Sustainable Development of Agro-industrial Parks: Evidence from Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Wang Junbin
Published: December 2022

The agro-industrial park (AIP) is developing rapidly all over the world and their industrial ecological characteristics have extensively promoted the development of the agricultural industry. However, academia and industry still lack a complete evaluation system to guide the sustainable development of AIPs. This study constructs a sustainable development evaluation system of the AIP that includes four parts of economic, social, technical, and sustainable criteria. Then, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method is employed for quantitative analysis based on a primary survey dataset; that is, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). In addition, a secondary dataset of 153 national AIPs in China from 2012 to 2014 is taken as a case study. The results of the DEMATEL analysis reveal some interesting findings. First, economic criteria still play an essential role in the sustainable development of AIP, and it is affected by almost all causal factors, which in turn affect most of the influencing factors. Second, there is no significant causal relationship between the criteria criterion and other criteria. Last, the case study reveals that the level of sustainable development of AIP in economically developed areas is significantly higher than the national average. The results of this study can also provide managers and policy planners with support for the sustainable management of AIP.
Are Progressives in Denial About Progress? Yes, but So Is Almost Everyone Else
Authors: Mitchell Gregory , Tetlock Philip E.
Published: December 2022

Scott Lilienfeld warned that psychology’s ideological uniformity would lead to premature closure on sensitive topics. He encouraged psychologists to question politically convenient results and did so himself in numerous areas. We follow Lilienfeld’s example and examine the empirical foundation beneath claims that positive illusions about societal change sustain inequalities by inducing apathy and opposition to reform. Drawing on data from a large-scale survey, we find almost the opposite: a pervasive tendency, across ideological and demographic categories, to see things as getting worse than they really are. These results cast doubt on functionalist claims that people mobilize beliefs about societal trends to support political positions and suggest a simpler explanation: Most laypeople do not organize information in ways that provide reliable monitoring of social change over time, which makes their views on progress susceptible to memory distortions and high-profile current events and political rhetoric.
Prediction of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis Using Brief, Low-Cost Clinical Measures: A Competitive Model Evaluation
Authors: Mooney Michael A. , Neighbor Christopher , Karalunas Sarah , Dieckmann Nathan F. , Nikolas Molly , Nousen Elizabeth , Tipsord Jessica , Song Xubo , Nigg Joel T.
Published: December 2022

Proper diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is costly, requiring in-depth evaluation via interview, multi-informant and observational assessment, and scrutiny of possible other conditions. The increasing availability of data may allow the development of machine-learning algorithms capable of accurate diagnostic predictions using low-cost measures to supplement human decision-making. We report on the performance of multiple classification methods used to predict a clinician-consensus ADHD diagnosis. Methods ranged from fairly simple (e.g., logistic regression) to more complex (e.g., random forest) but emphasized a multistage Bayesian approach. Classifiers were evaluated in two large ( N > 1,000) independent cohorts. The multistage Bayesian classifier provided an intuitive approach consistent with clinical workflows and was able to predict expert consensus ADHD diagnosis with high accuracy (> 86%)—though not significantly better than other methods. Results suggest that parent and teacher surveys are sufficient for high-confidence classifications in the vast majority of cases, but an important minority require additional evaluation for accurate diagnosis.
Evaluation and Utility of the King-Devick With Integrated Eye Tracking as a Diagnostic Tool for Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Hecimovich Mark , Murphy Myles , Chivers Paola , Stock Payton
Published: December 2022

Background:

Eye-tracking technology for detecting eye movements has been gaining increasing attention as a possible assessment and monitoring tool for sport-related concussion (SRC).

Purpose:

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid number-naming task with eye tracking, the King-Devick Eye Tracking (K-D ET) assessment, in identifying SRC.

Study Design:

Cohort study.

Methods:

One female and 1 male team of United States collegiate rugby-15 players competing during the 2018 season were recruited. Variables assessed were total saccades, saccade velocity, total fixations, fixation duration, fixation polyarea, and test duration. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine group (concussion vs nonconcussion), time (baseline vs postinjury/postseason), and sex-based differences for each outcome measure. In addition, the different components of diagnostic accuracy of the K-D ET were calculated.

Results:

Baseline K-D ET assessment for 49 participants (25 male, 24 female) were assessed at the beginning of the season, with 28 participants who did not sustain a head injury during the season completing the postseason assessments and 6 participants completing a postinjury (suspected concussion) assessment. Significant differences were observed between concussed and nonconcussed groups for total saccades ( P = .024), fixation duration ( P = .007), and fixation polyarea ( P = .030), with differences from baseline to follow-up observed for saccade velocity ( P = .018) in both groups. Sex-based differences were noted for total fixations ( P = .041), fixation polyarea ( P = .036), and completion time ( P = .035). No significant Group × Time interactions were noted. The K-D ET test duration indicated high specificity (0.86) but not high sensitivity (0.40). No other variables reported high sensitivity or specificity.

Conclusion:

Other than completion time of the K-D ET test, no K-D ET oculomotor parameter was highly sensitive or specific in the diagnosis of concussion in this study.
Ten Years of Democratizing Data: Privileging Facts, Refuting Misconceptions and Examining Missed Opportunities
Authors: Kerwin Donald , Warren Robert
Published: December 2022

The Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) initiated its “Democratizing Data” project in 2013 to make detailed demographic information widely available on the US undocumented, eligible to naturalize, and other non-citizen populations. The paper begins by outlining top-line findings and themes from the more than 30 CMS studies under this project. It then examines and refutes four persistent misconceptions that have inhibited public understanding and needed policy change: (1) migrants never leave the United States; (2) most undocumented migrants arrive by illegally crossing the US-Mexico border; (3) each Border Patrol apprehension translates into a new undocumented resident; and (4) immigrants are less skilled than US-born workers. The paper then offers new analyses in support of select policy recommendations drawn from a decade of democratizing data. It concludes with a short reflection and a case study on the failure of data, evidence-based policy ideas, and national ideals to translate into necessary reform.
Work-Family Policies and Gender Inequalities in Childcare Time
Authors: Gao Melody Ge , Ruan Hangqing
Published: December 2022

Work-family policies are promoted to reduce gender inequalities in childcare time. However, the association between work-family policies and childcare time is complicated by the conditions of the policies and how mothers and fathers perform childcare. The authors examine whether three widely discussed work-family policies—paid parental leave, flextime, and flexplace—are associated with reduced gender differences in two dimensions of childcare time: solo versus shared care with a partner and basic versus developmental childcare activities. Using 2017–2018 Leave and Job Flexibilities Module of the American Time Use Survey, this study indicates that gender inequalities in childcare time decrease among parents who have access to paid parental leave or frequently use the flexplace policy, which provide both available time and direct exposure to childcare tasks. Policies with these characteristics also help close gender gaps in solo and basic childcare time that are vital in shaping gender inequalities in society.
The role of supervisor support for dealing with customer verbal aggression. Differences between ethnic minority and ethnic majority workers
Authors: Kößler Franziska J , Wilbert Jana B , Veit Susanne , Hoppe Annekatrin
Published: December 2022

Customer verbal aggression is a core social stressor among retail workers which impairs wellbeing via emotional dissonance. This study examined two moderators—supervisor support and ethnic minority status—in this well-established relationship. In addition, it tested a moderated moderated mediation model to explore whether the moderation effects of supervisor support on the indirect relationship between customer verbal aggression and wellbeing (measured as positive affect) via emotional dissonance vary between ethnic minority and ethnic majority workers. Retail workers of one retail chain ( N = 603) completed our paper-pencil survey at two measurement points. Path modeling showed that emotional dissonance mediates between customer verbal aggression and positive affect. Taken alone, neither supervisor support nor ethnic minority status moderated this relationship. However, their combination had a significant moderating effect; supervisor support moderated the indirect effect of customer verbal aggression on positive affect through emotional dissonance only among ethnic minority workers. Surprisingly, supervisor support amplified this mediation. We discuss our findings by considering the role of supervisor support and the status of ethnic minority workers.
Evaluating building color harmoniousness in a historic district intelligently: An algorithm-driven approach using street-view images
Authors: Zhou Zihao , Zhong Teng , Liu Mengyang , Ye Yu
Published: December 2022

Building color and harmoniousness have been regarded as critical issues in planning historic districts. Harmoniousness of building façade colors (HBFC) is an indicator to evaluate the quality of the built environment, which can be perceived but is difficult to measure quantitatively. In addition, alleviating the impact of shadows in street-view images (SVIs) to assess building façade color is another research gap that is difficult to address. This paper proposes an efficient approach for evaluating HBFC on a large-scale using SVIs and a deep learning algorithm. Specifically, a shadow processing method was developed, and transfer learning was integrated into the harmoniousness evaluation process. The historical district of Guangzhou, China, was selected as a case study area. This study contributes to the development of human-centered planning and design by providing continuous measurements of “unmeasurable” quality across large-scale areas. Meanwhile, insights into building façade color and its harmoniousness can assist with accurate design guidance, which is important for historic districts.
From Traditional to Modern Atrocities: Has Caste Changed in Independent India?
Authors: Kochar Ritu
Published: December 2022

Committing atrocities is as inherent to caste as caste is to Hinduism. Maintaining these values by enacting atrocities on castes lower in the strata, combined with socio-economic-political developments, has massively changed the essence of caste in independent India. These developments have led to a ‘de-ritualization of caste’, persisting as a ‘kinship-based cultural community’—still stratified but functioning around politics and economics. This transition is in contrast to the tradition-rooted practices and ideology of pre-and colonial India. However, have caste atrocities changed since India’s independence? This article will showcase these post-independence social transitions in anti-Dalit atrocities despite and due to legal provisions formulated during and immediately after the colonial-era, and the economic reforms in post-colonial India. I argue that the caste system has deteriorated post-independence with an increase in the number of atrocities and their gruesomeness. This is explained through Anupama Rao’s assessment of legal provisions, Smiti Sharma’s analysis of the correlation between economic status and caste-based crimes and their effects, and lastly, Anand Teltumbde’s analysis of transformations in the motivations of crimes, perpetrators and performance of atrocities. Quantitative data is used to illustrate the failure of legal provisions in preventing the rising violence against Dalits and the growing economic disparity between different castes as one of its causes. A qualitative analysis of these developments assesses the changing social attitudes of dominant castes that use violence against ‘Dalit assertion’. Unpacking the 2009 Khairlanji massacre is pertinent to my analysis of atrocity to reveal all these sides of caste violence and the contributions of state, civil society, media and other institutions in its wake.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Bhavans/Community Halls in Telangana: An Evaluation Study
Authors: Harinath Silveru
Published: December 2022

The question of the development of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and its analysis received considerable attention during the post-Independence period. The Central and State governments have been launching several programmes and institutions for the economic and social progress of the SCs as well as raising the consciousness of their rights. The Ambedkar statues and the construction of Ambedkar Bhavans/community halls are a platform for organizing the SCs to debate and articulate key issues and concerns; fostering solidarity among SCs is an important initiative of the government, across the country. The core objectives of the study are to examine the distribution of Ambedkar Bhavans/community halls in the districts and budgetary allocations and the expenditure incurred towards the construction of the halls. The other objective is to assess the utilization of Ambedkar Bhavans/community halls and the activities undertaken in them and their impact on the empowerment of Scheduled Castes in the selected districts. The empirical study highlights that the members of the community are making use of the community halls to debate the issues of their surroundings and the implementation of government schemes, besides organizing their social functions and economic activities. However, there is no rationality in allocating the budget for the land and the construction of buildings across the districts in the state.
Representational Space as Cultural Production in Dalit Text
Authors: Veroneka S. P. , Vijayalakshmi V.
Published: December 2022

This article discusses how space works in the narrative world of a Dalit writer and how space is evolved for a writer to represent and register their perspectives. A Dalit writer’s representation can be evolved from recognition of themselves within their community and place. It happens in a particular period when the writer realizes their identity as Dalit. The cultural production happens through language when the experience is penned down. The fullest expression of the writer is so vivid when the narrative space is supple. This article involves Sharan Kumar Limbale’s Outcaste and Yashica Dutt’s Coming Out as Dalit. These two autobiographical novels talk about the spatial influence, importance, changes, and reproduction of culture through language, and their text is explained. Auto-narration is more important in the aspect of Dalit writing and it is being explained here the importance of it. The auto narrative of a Dalit writer gives an extended meaning to the text.
A Psychometric Investigation of Racial Trauma Symptoms Using a Semi-Structured Clinical Interview With a Trauma Checklist (UnRESTS)
Authors: Williams Monnica , Zare Manzar
Published: December 2022

The term racial trauma is used to describe the cumulative distressing and traumatizing effects of racism in all of its forms, and it closely resembles the construct of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This investigation aims to increase our understanding of racial trauma by comparing the characteristics of those with a clinically-relevant diagnosis of racial trauma to those without, based on the findings of a clinical semi-structured interview and symptom checklist for assessing racial trauma, the University of Connecticut Racial Ethnic Stress and Trauma Survey (UnRESTS), administered to a diverse group of adults (N = 97). This paper extends prior work on racial trauma by examining the correlations between racial trauma and validated self-report measures of discriminatory distress, controlling for racialization. We examine the correlation between a clinically-relevant diagnosis of racial trauma and racial/ethnic identity. We also compare racism-related PTSD symptoms in those with and without racial trauma to inform clinical assessment. Finally, we examine the factor structure of racial trauma symptoms using the 24 items from the UnRESTS PTSD symptom checklist and compare these to current DSM-5 models. The structure of racial trauma symptoms differed from the DSM-5 4-factor model, as do other PTSD models in the research literature. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
European Respiratory Society statement on familial pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Borie Raphael , Kannengiesser Caroline , Antoniou Katerina , Bonella Francesco , Crestani Bruno , Fabre Aurélie , Froidure Antoine , Galvin Liam , Griese Matthias , Grutters Jan C. , Molina-Molina Maria , Poletti Venerino , Prasse Antje , Renzoni Elisabetta , van der Smagt Jasper , van Moorsel Coline H.M.
Published: December 2022

Genetic predisposition to pulmonary fibrosis has been confirmed by the discovery of several gene mutations that cause pulmonary fibrosis. Although genetic sequencing of familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) cases is embedded in routine clinical practice in several countries, many centres have yet to incorporate genetic sequencing within interstitial lung disease (ILD) services and proper international consensus has not yet been established. An international and multidisciplinary expert Task Force (pulmonologists, geneticists, paediatrician, pathologist, genetic counsellor, patient representative and librarian) reviewed the literature between 1945 and 2022, and reached consensus for all of the following questions: 1) Which patients may benefit from genetic sequencing and clinical counselling? 2) What is known of the natural history of FPF? 3) Which genes are usually tested? 4) What is the evidence for telomere length measurement? 5) What is the role of common genetic variants (polymorphisms) in the diagnostic workup? 6) What are the optimal treatment options for FPF? 7) Which family members are eligible for genetic sequencing? 8) Which clinical screening and follow-up parameters may be considered in family members? Through a robust review of the literature, the Task Force offers a statement on genetic sequencing, clinical management and screening of patients with FPF and their relatives. This proposal may serve as a basis for a prospective evaluation and future international recommendations.
Nintedanib for non-IPF progressive pulmonary fibrosis: 12-month outcome data from a real-world multicentre observational study
Authors: Raman Lavanya , Stewart Iain , Barratt Shaney L. , Chua Felix , Chaudhuri Nazia , Crawshaw Anjali , Gibbons Michael , Hogben Charlotte , Hoyles Rachel , Kouranos Vasilis , Martinovic Jennifer , Mulholland Sarah , Myall Katherine J. , Naqvi Marium , Renzoni Elisabetta A. , Saunders Peter , Steward Matthew , Suresh Dharmic , Thillai Muhunthan , Wells Athol U. , West Alex , Mitchell Jane A. , George Peter M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Nintedanib slows lung function decline for patients with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) in clinical trials, but the real-world safety and efficacy are not known.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, standardised data were collected from patients in whom nintedanib was initiated for PPF between 2019 and 2020 through an early-access programme across eight centres in the United Kingdom. Rate of lung function change in the 12 months pre- and post-nintedanib initiation was the primary analysis. Symptoms, drug safety, tolerability and stratification by interstitial lung disease subtype and computed tomography pattern were secondary analyses.

Results

126 patients were included; 67 (53%) females; mean±sdage 60±13 years. At initiation of nintedanib, mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 1.87 L (58% predicted) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 32.7% predicted. 68% of patients were prescribed prednisolone (median dose 10 mg) and 69% were prescribed a steroid-sparing agent. In the 12 months after nintedanib initiation, lung function decline was significantly lower than in the preceding 12 months: FVC −88.8 mLversus−239.9 mL (p=0.004), and absolute decline inDLCO−2.1%versus−6.1% (p=0.004). Response to nintedanib was consistent in sensitivity and secondary analyses. 89 (71%) out of 126 patients reported side-effects, but 86 (80%) of the surviving 108 patients were still taking nintedanib at 12 months with patients reporting a reduced perception of symptom decline. There were no serious adverse events.

Conclusion

In PPF, the real-world efficacy of nintedanib replicated that of clinical trials, significantly attenuating lung function decline. Despite the severity of disease, nintedanib was safe and well tolerated in this real-world multicentre study.