bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENYULUHAN DALAM MEMINIMALISIR PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN OBJEK WISATA DI PANTAI PANDAN CARITA KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH
Authors: Wahyuni Esti , Aina Nur , Kristina Anjali , Poniman Poniman , Siregar Emma Suri Yanti , Rahimah Insaniah
Published: March 2021

Sampah merupakan suatu bahan yang dibuang atau terbuang sebagai hasil dari aktifitas manusia maupun hasil aktifitas alam yang tidak atau belum memiliki nilai ekonomis. Persoalan sampah tidak henti hentinya untuk dibahas, karena berkaitan dengan pola hidup serta budaya masyarakat. Tapanuli Tengah  adalah salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki potensi luar biasa dalam bidang wisata bahari, terutama pada pulau-pulau dan pantai yang indah. Hal ini menjadikan Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah unggul dalam bidang wisata bahari. Akan tetapi, permasalahan utama mengenai sampah tetap menjadi sebuah permasalahan yang belum terselesaikan hingga saat ini. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi/kesadaran kepada masyarakat serta wisatawan Pantai Pandan Carita tentang: (1) Bahaya sampah (terutama plastik), (2) Cara menjaga kebersihan pantai (3) Cara pengelolaan sampah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab dengan menggunakan media flift chart. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah: (1) Media yang digunakan untuk kegiatan penyuluhan berupa flift chart tentang sampah dan efeknya terhadap kehidupan, (2) Hasil observasi, diskusi dan tanya jawab, menunjukkan bahwa melalui kegiatan penyuluhan ini pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahaya sampah terhadap kehidupan, dan (3) Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap bahaya sampah terhadap kehidupan.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN BAGI GURU BAHASA INGGRIS DALAM OPTIMALISASI PLATFORM GOOGLE CLASSROOM PADA PROSES KEGIATAN BELAJAR DARING BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Thoyyibah Luthfiyatun , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Nurani Desi
Published: March 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian ini berjudul Pelatihan dan Pendampingan bagi Guru Bahasa Inggris dalam Optimalisasi Platform Google Classroom pada Proses Kegiatan Belajar Daring Berbicara Bahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan analisis situasi dan masalah yang terjadi pada pembelajaran daring di tingkat sekolah menengah pertama di Ciamis khususnya pada pembelajaran berbicara Bahasa Inggris. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran tentang pentinya ekplorasi diri, variasi kegiatan pembelajaran dan media pembelajaran dalam pelaksanaan proses belajar dan mengajar daring berbicara Bahasa Inggris ini menjadi salah satu alasan pemilihan konsentrasi kegiatan. Maka dari itu, kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan yang diberikan adalah optimalisasi platform Google Classroom pada proses kegiatan belajar daring berbicara bahasa Inggris beseta menejemen kelas daring. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan dan pendampingan tersebut telah dilaksanakan dalam beberapa pertemuan virtual secara interaktif dan dilanjutkan dengan tugas terstruktur sebagai output dari pelatihan dan pendampingan yang telah diberikan. Antusiasme peserta pelatihan dan pendampingan ini dikategorikan baik yang bisa dilihat dari keaktifan peserta bertanya untuk melengkapi luaran kegiatan ini dalam bentuk aktifitas penggunaan di Google Classroom. Selanjutnya, peserta memahami materi kegiatan dengan baik yang direalisasikan dengan output kegiatan yang sesuai dengan pelathan dan bimbingan yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan latar belakang mahasiswa masing-masing. Sebagai simpulan, peserta merasa terbantu dengan adanya kegiatan tersebut, hal ini terbukti dari bertambahnya kompetensi pengetahuan dan pedagogis dalam optimalisasi penggunaan Google Classroom serta implementasi praktik menejemen kelas pada kelas berbicara Bahasa Inggrsis secara daring. Untuk kegiatan di masa yang aka datang, kegiatan sejenis dapat dilaksanaan dengan waktu yang lebih lama dan bersifat berkelanjutan.
Explaining Variability in the Prevalence of Achilles Tendon Abnormalities: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Imaging Studies in Asymptomatic Individuals
Authors: Docking Sean Iain , Hart Harvi F. , Rio Ebonie , Hannington Madeline Claire , Cook Jill L. , Culvenor Adam G.
Published: March 2021

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, Achilles tendon abnormalities observed on imaging in asymptomatic individuals.

Design

Systematic review with stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Literature Search

Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched from 1980 to August 2020.

Study Selection Criteria

We included studies that reported the prevalence of Achilles tendon abnormalities, observed with any imaging modality, in an asymptomatic population. We excluded studies if participant mean age was younger than 12 years or if participants had current/previous lower-limb tendon injuries/symptoms or other systemic conditions.

Data Synthesis

Random-effects proportion meta-analysis was used to estimate prevalence. We used meta-regression for continuous variables (mean age and body mass index [BMI], sample size, proportion of female participants) and stratified categorical variables (imaging modality and participation in physical activity) to explain between-study heterogeneity.

Results

We included 91 studies (10 156 limbs, 5841 participants). The prevalence of Achilles tendon abnormalities on imaging ranged from 0% to 80% per participant. Between-study heterogeneity was high (I2>90%, P<.001), precluding data pooling. Between-study heterogeneity was partly explained by participant mean BMI (slope, 2.8% per 1-unit increase in BMI; 95% confidence interval: 0.57%, 5.03%; P = .015) and participation in physical activity per limb, and mean age of 40 years old or older (P = .022) per participant.

Conclusion

There was substantial variability in the prevalence of Achilles tendon abnormalities on imaging in asymptomatic individuals. Higher prevalence of abnormalities was associated with older age (40 years old or older), higher BMI, and participation in physical activity. A large proportion of heterogeneity remains unaccounted for, likely due to variations in abnormality definitions and study design. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(5):232–252. Epub 28 Mar 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9970
Análise epidemiológica de casos de sífilis notificados em uma cidade do interior paulista
Authors: Moreno Caio Roberto de Paiva , Freitas Guilherme da Mata , Lazo Maurício Manuel Llaguno
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico epidemiológico dos pacientes acometidos por sífilis (adquirida, congênita e gestacional), e suas nuances. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo, analisando os perfis epidemiológicos dos casos de sífilis notificados pela Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal, utilizando-se do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2009 a 2018, no município de Franca (SP). Resultados: A frequência dos casos dessa infecção sexualmente transmissível no município apresentou tendência crescente. Além disso, pode-se constatar mudanças decorrentes da notificação compulsória de sífilis adquirida a partir de 2010. Analisou-se também a grande necessidade e relevância do pré-natal, além da complexidade do tratamento completo adequado, abordando o tratamento do parceiro ou parceira. Tal estudo apresenta uma abordagem ampla e completa sobre o perfil epidemiológico de sífilis no munícipio situado no interior paulista, apesar da subnoficação e do preenchimento incompleto e/ou inadequado das fichas de notificação. Conclusão: Conclui-se que existe uma necessidade de melhoria nas ações para prevenção da sífilis nos serviços de saúde da atenção básica.
KAT Ligation for Rapid and Facile Covalent Attachment of Biomolecules to Surfaces
Authors: Fracassi Alessandro , Ray Ankita , Nakatsuka Nako , Passiu Cristiana , Tanriver Matthias , Schauenburg Dominik , Scherrer Simon , Ramakrishna S.N , Bode Jeffrey , Spencer Nicholas D. , Rossi Antonella , Yamakoshi Yoko
Published: March 2021

The efficient and bioorthogonal chemical ligation reaction between potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) and hydroxylamines (HAs) was used for the surface functionalizationof a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with biomolecules. An alkane thioether molecule with one terminal KAT group (S-KAT) was synthesized and adsorbed onto a gold surface, placing a KATgroup on the top of the monolayer (KAT-SAM). As an initial test case, an aqueous solution of a hydroxylamine (HA) derivative of PEG (HA-PEG) was added to this KAT-SAM at room temperature to perform the surface KAT ligation. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring confirmed the rapid attachment of the PEG moiety onto the SAM.The covalent conjugation of PEG by amide-bond formation was established by complementary surface characterization methods including contact angle, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To test the applicability of this surface KAT ligation for the attachment of biomolecules to the surfaces, this KAT-SAM was subjected to the reaction with HA derivative of protein. A HA-derivatized green fluorescent protein (HA-GFP) was added in dilute concentrations to the KAT-SAM under aqueous conditions and rapid protein attachment was observed in real-time by QCM. Despite the fact that such biomolecules have a variety of unprotected functional groups within their structures, the surface KAT reaction proceeded efficiently in a selective manner. Our results clearly demonstrate the versatile applicability of the KAT ligation for the covalent attachment of a variety of biomolecules onto surfaces under dilute and biocompatible conditions to form stable, natural amide bonds.
Chitosan-Transition Metal Coordination Biopolymer: A Promising Heterogeneous Catalyst for Radical Ion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Bisiriyu Ibraheem Olayiwola , Meijboom Reinout
Published: March 2021

The present study utilized chitosan obtained from crab shell and transition metal salts as precursors to synthesize chitosan-metal coordination biopolymers of Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) [i.e Chit-Mn(II), Chit-Fe(III), Chit-Co(II) and Chit-NI(II) respectively]. The synthesized coordination biopolymers have been characterized using different instrumental techniques such as spectroscopic (UV-visible, FT-IR, XRD, EDS, and ICP-OES), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA), surface analysis (SEM), and hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the successful incorporation of the metals into the biopolymer matrix. Thermal analysis and H2-TPR revealed the reducibility of the Chit-Fe(III) at 120 ℃. While Chit-Fe(III) and Chit-Ni(II) were inactive, Chit-Co(II) and Chit-Mn(II) were found to be active towards vinyl acetate polymerization in the presence of aqueous Na2SO3. Furthermore, the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) produced from Chit-Co(II) compared perfectly with a commercial PVAc and was in higher yield than PVAc produced from Chit-Mn(II). The polymerization has been shown to proceed via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and the viscosity average molecular weight of PVAc produced has been measured as 25, 078. The density functional theory approach has been used to ascertain the coordination orientation of the Chit-Co(II) and explain its high efficiency towards vinyl acetate polymerization. The catalyst reusability test revealed an insignificant loss of activity for the Chit-Co(II) after seven cycles of polymerization. Kinetic studies show that the vinyl acetate polymerization suits the second-order kinetic model at ambient temperature. Thermodynamic studies also revealed that chain initiation is an endothermic process while chain propagation is an exothermic process. The result of this work also suggests an investigation of chitosan-metal coordination biopolymer via low-ppm ATRP approach for possible biomedical application.
Role of Ayurveda Dincharya in Prevention of Infectious Diseases with special reference to Covid 19
Authors: Zoya Hasan Khan  , Trupti Thakre  , Sourabh G. Deshmukh
Published: March 2021

Health means not only the freedom from disease but its ability to work with self-control and satisfaction. According to WHO health is to define as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease.  Social and cultural pressures can only be endured by a healthy individual. Health is only the factor which helps to achieve Dharma (Attain Pious) Artha (Wealth) Kama (Desire) and Moksha (Salvation).  As per Ayurveda, proper lifestyle or the person following Dinacharya, Ritucharya explained by acharya having disease-free life.  The ideal lifestyle or routine or various duties from day to day in a day called daily regimen (Dinacharya). Recently Ayush Ministry has given some measures has to be taken in Dincharya. These measures include Dhumpana by dravyas having antiseptic and antimicrobial properties then, installing taila or ghrita in both the nostrils (Pratimarsha Nasya) at morning and evening helps to boost immunity. This practice acts as the first line of defense against the destabilizing influences of an external environment and will improve the condition of health. But most importantly, it will increase positivity in one, which is the prime requirement of the person dealing with COVID 19 patients. This should be the practical approach in the condition like atmosphere full of COVID 19 virus; One should always wear clean clothes and never share with others. Graha Dhuma is a unique technique mentioned in the texts for disinfecting the rooms. If all these daily regimens follow strictly, can help to prevent the spread of pandemic like covid-19.
Antimicrobial activity of plant based Essential Oils and Synergistic effect against selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Agneswari S  , Gopukumar S T
Published: March 2021

The occurrence of multidrug resistant by pathogens is a universal issue for providing tolerable treatment for various infectious diseases. The predictable anti-microbial proxies are relatively active against plentiful strains, still need of more drugs against multidrug resistant pathogens. Herbal drugs have potential against antimicrobial activity from ancient days and their treatment of pathogenic diseases is increasing for developing plant based natural products. Essential oils have combat against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Thus our study was focused on plant based essential oil against human pathogenic bacteria. The necessary oil extracted from Curcuma longa and C. martini revealed protuberant anti-microbial accomplishments against B. subtilis, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.  Low concentration of C. longa oil at 10 µl inhibited the growth of all strains Bacillus subtilis followed by E. coli and S. aureus.  Maximum bustle was noted in P. aerogenosa at 40 µl in both C. longa and C. martini oils. Human pathogenic  strain treated with C. martini  oil showed maximum inhibition in P. aerogenosa  followed by B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus.  Synergistic activity of oils against the strains showed maximum inhibition at 40 µl in P. aerogenosa.
Optimization And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Topical Cream
Authors: Sameer Shafi  , Shendarkar G R
Published: March 2021

Herbal plants and their combination report therapeutic as a well synergistic effect that has been recognized in medicine. So, taking into account this factor, the polyherbal topical cream formulation was prepared by using plant extracts to improve patient compliance, enhance antimicrobial spectrum and enhance aesthetic properties. The study focused on the topical polyherbal cream formulation for delivery of the active constituents present in plants to improve skin diseases. The plant extracts of Ocimum sanctum (OS), Rubia cordifolia (RC), Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) were utilized for the preparation of cream. The formulated cream was subjected to different evaluation parameters and the results depicted that the spreadability of the formulation was low (17.80 ± 1.10g. cm/sec) and that indicates trouble-free spreading, free from grittiness. In rheological properties all the cream formulations also exhibited the same non-Newtonian behaviour. Polyherbal topical cream showed potential antimicrobial activity against all selected microorganisms. Polyherbal topical cream (PHC-5) was ideal in terms of viscosity than other formulations and showed good drug release. Thus, the formulated polyherbal cream was found to be stable in terms of all physicochemical properties.
About the Bargain Part’s Invalidity
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Rovniy V. V.
Published: March 2021

The article is dedicated to the bargain part’s invalidity. The author’s point of view concerning comprehension and application the article 180 Civil Code of Russian Federation (further - CC) is formulated. The following questions - a) the sense and meaning of the rule art. 180 CC; b) the role of the objective and subjective criterions in recognition the bargain as invalid in the part; c) the phenomenon of the bargain’s part and varieties of the parts for the art. 180 CC’s application; d) the defects causing the recognition invalidity bargain in the part; e) the essence of the supposition about the importance or unimportance the defect bargain’s part in the art. 180 CC; f ) the applicability the rules of the bargain’s invalidity (§ 2 ch. 9 CC) for the invalid bargains in the part - are being investigating in detail. In the connection with recognition the bargain as invalid in the part a number of disputable and problematic moments is being discussing. They are: a) the comprehension of the objective and subjective criterions, the meaning of the objective criterion in unilateral bargains, faithful manipulation by the subjective criterion; b) the separability the part from the bargain and the problem of the defectiveness of the bargains’ essential conditions; c) the problem of formal and subjects’ defects in the connection with the recognition the bargain as invalid in the part; d) the dualism of the supposition and the kind of the presumption in the art. 180 CC’ application. Side by side with the civil law’s questions some procedural questions connected with the art. 180 CC’ application are touched upon. Stabilized in the literature opinions are subjected to the critical comprehension. As the result the attempt to graund more wide capacities for the recognition bargain as invalid in the part was undertaken. The conclusions are accompanied by a plenty of examples and references to the rules of the Civil Code Russian Federation.
The Legal Nature of the Judicial Compliance Assessment
Authors:   the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Ingushetia, Evloev I. M.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the legal nature of the judicial compliance assessment, its correlation with the concepts of «judiciary»,«justice», «compliance assessment», «judicial control», «legal proceedings». In the legal literature the essence of this category is defined differently: it is considered as a function, objective, means, activities, process. Describing the concept of “function” as the main direction of the activity of different authorities, judicial compliance assessment is considered to be one of the functions (essential manifestations) of the judiciary. The leading role in the implementation of separation of powers and effective participation of courts in the system of checks and balances allows us to consider this institution as a function fulfilling the purpose of the judicial power. The judicial compliance assessment is a part of justice, which is the main function of the judiciary, and it’s implemented through constitutional, civil, arbitration, administrative and criminal proceedings. Thus, the legal proceedings are a form of realization of the compliance assessment functions of the judiciary. At the same time, the judicial compliance assessment is a kind of compliance assessment in general as the activity of the entire system of the competent authorities to assess regulations. Based on the results of the analysis of various positions of lawyers regarding the legal nature and content of judicial compliance assessment author offers his vision of the place of this institution in the system of functions of the judiciary and its main characteristics.
Some Aspects of Tactics of Using Special Knowledge in the Field of Computer Technology
Authors:   Investigation Department of Investigative Committee of Russia in Irkutsk Region, Sebyakin A. G.
Published: March 2021

The article considers the tactical features of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of crimes by analyzing the structure of tactical decisions and tactical and forensic recommendations. The components of the tactical decision are high-lighted, the emphasis is placed on the connection of predictive activity with the dynamism of the development of the investigative situation, not only as a result of tactical influence, but also in the process of this influence. It is proposed to consider the tactical-criminalistic recommendation as a scientifically sound and practice-tested advice relating to the selection and application of a system of tactical actions in a typical investigative situation. The following structural elements of the tactical recommendation are highlighted: a comprehensive assessment of the information component of the investigative situation, requiring the use of special knowledge; determination of the goal of tactical influence by formulating a number of tasks; determination of the sequence of tactical actions, the sequence of their implementation, forecasting the development of the investigative situation. It is concluded that each stage of making a tactical decision when using knowledge in the field of computer technology should be accompanied by the interaction of the investigator with a competent person (both procedural and non-procedural). Based on the identification of typical investigative situations, the formation and use of tactical-criminalistic recommendations is possible, providing for the selection and application of a system of tactical actions, including the application of knowledge in the field of computer technology, as well as their complexes.
Investigator and Investigation Body Supervisor: Cooperation Problems
Authors:   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Toshtemirova R. F. , Gavrilov B. Y. ,   Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: March 2021

The purpose of criminal proceedings is protection of rights and legitimate interests of physical entities and legal entities who became victims of crime. The effectiveness of criminal proceedings depends on activities of different offices and departments. Preliminary investigation body takes a special place among them. It implements the supervision of all the laborious process around criminal proceedings, starting from being instituted until passed to prosecutor who will direct it next to the court. Preliminary investigation body is mostly represented by both investigator and investigation body supervisor in the domestic criminal justice. According to the code of criminal procedure of Russian Federation, the investigator is an official authorized to conduct the preliminary investigation of criminal case, along with other authorities provided by the code. The investigation body supervisor is an official who leads relevant investigation division, as well as his deputy, both bearing a significant volume of procedural authorities. Implementing the law enforcement activities, these officials are in continuous interaction, which means help to each other and cooperation in investigating. Such an idyll between two significant characters of criminal justice is a guarantee of successful justice achievements. However, processual scientists and workers have been asking for last few years, how effective is cooperation between investigator and investigation body supervisor, and how does it affect one of the most important principle of criminal proceeding - the processual independence of investigator. Standards of contemporary Russian legislation make investigator dependent of legislation body supervisor, which affects his processual independence during preliminary investigation performed. According to all above, this research has its purpose in revealing and analyzing problems emerging in cooperation between investigator and investigation body supervisor, as well as searching ways to solve those problems.
An Occasionalist Response to Korman and Locke
Authors: Killoren David
Published: March 2021

Dan Korman and Dustin Locke argue that non-naturalists are rationally committed to withhold moral belief. A main principle in their argument, which they call EC*, can be read in either of two ways, which I call EC*-narrow and EC*-wide. I show that EC*-narrow is implausible. Then I show that, if Korman and Locke rely on EC*-wide to critique non-naturalism, then the critique fails. I explain how the availability of a view that I like to call moral occasionalism can be used to respond on the non-naturalist’s behalf to the EC*-wide version of the argument. I also show how moral occasionalism is more useful for this purpose than an alternative third-factor account, namely David Enoch’s pre-established harmony view.
Affective Leadership Practices: A Framework for Studying Affect and Leadership from a Schatzkian Practice Approach
Authors: Maggeni Avigail
Published: March 2021

In this study, I develop a new research avenue through which the leadership phenomenon can be better understood. I do so by developing a novel framework for studying leadership and affect from a Schatzkian practice approach.

I developed this framework through a dialogue between theory and my empirical study. The empirical part of my research consisted of a seven-month ethnographic study in one nonprofit service organisation in Israel. I built the theoretical part of this framework by integrating and further synthesising the literatures on affective practices (Wetherell, 2012) and leadership-as-practice (Carroll, Levy, & Richmond, 2008; Raelin, 2016c) based on the practice theory of Theodore Schatzki (1996, 2002). I have called this integrated conceptual framework affective leadership practices.

The methodological part of my framework was developed through an experimental process, in which I used different methods and occupied different organisational positions. I found that the method of “apprenticeship”, which entails the active participation of the researcher as a practitioner in the practice that is being studied (Wacquant, 2004, 2005, 2015), was very appropriate to use as the primary research method. This method allows the researcher to generate valuable embodied understanding of the practice that is being studied, while gaining great sensitivity to power relations.

This theory-method package (Nicolini, 2017) that I have developed has served me as a heuristic device, a synthesising framework for empirical research. It offered me a certain way to see and analyse leadership and affect (Reckwitz, 2002). Through my data analysis, I illustrate the type of understandings that this framework makes possible to generate. I illuminate the type of normative realities that prevail in the organisation that I studied, and offer nuanced understandings of the ways in which leadership and affect are involved in the construction and reconstruction of these realities. I illustrate how this takes place in reciprocal processes of affective influence that involve multiple human and non-human participants, through which organisational realities are constantly being reproduced, modified, and even resisted. My analysis also illuminates the embeddedness of leadership and the organisation where it manifests in the wider local context. This allows us to comprehend why the organisational realities that I investigated turned out to be in the way they are, who is empowered in these realities, and what effects these realities generate in their local context.

The research tools that I have developed in this study and this type of analysis that can be generated with them offer researchers critical, holistic, and situated understandings of leadership and the organisations it transpires from. It places the affective human body and its relations with other human and non-human participants in leadership at centre stage.
Development of a brushless HTS exciter for a 10 kW HTS synchronous generator
Authors: Bumby Christopher , Badcock Rodney , Sung HJ , Kim KM , Jiang Zhenan , Pantoja AE , Bernardo P , Park M , Buckley Robert
Published: March 2021

HTS synchronous generators, in which the rotor coils are wound from high-Tc superconducting wire, are exciting attention due to their potential to deliver very high torque and power densities. However, injection of the large DC currents required by the HTS rotor coils presents a technical challenge. In this paper we discuss the development of a brushless HTS exciter which operates across the cryostat wall to inject a superconducting DC current into the rotor coil circuit. This approach fundamentally alters the thermal load upon the cryogenic system by removing the need for thermally inefficient normal-conducting current leads. We report results from an experimental laboratory device and show that it operates as a constant voltage source with an effective internal resistance. We then discuss the design of a prototype HTS-PM exciter based on our experimental device, and describe its integration with a demonstration HTS generator. This 200 RPM, 10 kW synchronous generator comprises eight double pancake HTS rotor coils which are operated at 30 K, and are energised to 1.5 T field through the injection of 85 A per pole. We show how this excitation can be achieved using an HTS-PM exciter consisting of 12 stator poles of 12 mm YBCO coated-conductor wire and an external permanent magnet rotor. We demonstrate that such an exciter can excite the rotor windings of this generator without forming a thermal-bridge across the cryostat wall. Finally, we provide estimates of the thermal load imposed by our prototype HTS-PM exciter on the rotor cryostat. We show that duty cycle operation of the device ensures that this heat load can be minimised, and that it is substantially lower than that of equivalently-rated conventional current leads.
The dynamic resistance of YBCO coated conductor wire: Effect of DC current magnitude and applied field orientation
Authors: Jiang Zhenan , Zhou W , Li Q , Yao M , Fang J , Amemiya N , Bumby Christopher
Published: March 2021

Dynamic resistance, which occurs when a HTS coated conductor carries a DC current under an AC magnetic field, can have critical implications for the design of HTS machines. Here, we report measurements of dynamic resistance in a commercially available SuperPower 4 mm-wide YBCO coated conductor, carrying a DC current under an applied AC magnetic field of arbitrary orientation. The reduced DC current, I t/I c0, ranged from 0.01 to 0.9, where I t is the DC current level and I c0 is the self-field critical current of the conductor. The field angle (the angle between the magnetic field and the normal vector of the conductor wide-face) was varied between 0° and 90° at intervals of 10°. We show that the effective width of the conductor under study is ∼12% less than the physical wire width, and we attribute this difference to edge damage of the wire during or after manufacture. We then examine the measured dynamic resistance of this wire under perpendicular applied fields at very low DC current levels. In this regime we find that the threshold field, B th, of the conductor is well described by the nonlinear equation of Mikitik and Brandt. However, this model consistently underestimates the threshold field at higher current levels. As such, the dynamic resistance in a coated conductor under perpendicular magnetic fields is best described using two different equations for each of the low and high DC current regimes, respectively. At low DC currents where I t/I c0 ≤ 0.1, the nonlinear relationship of Mikitik and Brandt provides the closest agreement with experimental data. However, in the higher current regime where I t/I c0 ≥ 0.2, closer agreement is obtained using a simple linear expression which assumes a current-independent penetration field. We further show that for the conductor studied here, the measured dynamic resistance at different field angles is dominated by the perpendicular magnetic field component, with negligible contribution from the parallel component. Our findings now enable the dynamic resistance of a single conductor to be analytically determined for a very wide range of DC currents and at all applied field angles.

This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in 'Superconductor Science and Technology'. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaa49e.
Fate of titanium in alkaline electro-reduction of sintered titanomagnetite
Authors: Bjareborn O , Arif Tanzeel , Monaghan B , Bumby Christopher
Published: March 2021

Direct electrochemical reduction of iron ore in concentrated NaOH electrolyte has been proposed as a potential route to substantially reducing the global steel industry’s CO2 emissions. Here, we report the solid-state electro-reduction of sintered pellets formed from titanomagnetite ironsand. This commercial iron ore contains ∼4 wt.% Ti which is directly incorporated within the magnetite lattice. At 110 °C, these pellets are electrochemically reduced and exhibit a well-defined reaction front which moves into the pellet as the reaction progresses. The electro-reduction process selectively produces iron metal, whilst the Ti content is not reduced. Instead, Ti becomes enriched in segregated oxide inclusions, which are subsequently transformed to a sodium iron titanate phase through taking up Na+ from the electrolyte. These inclusions adopt an elongated shape and appear to exhibit locally preferential alignment. This suggests that they may nucleate from the microscopic titanohematite lamellae which naturally occur within the original ironsand particles. The expulsion of contaminant Ti-oxides from the final reduced metal matrix has implications for the potential to development of an industrial electrochemical iron-making process utilising titanomagnetite ore.

© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Using Talanoa to develop bilingual word lists of technical vocabulary in the trades
Authors: Coxhead Averil , Parkinson Jean , Tu’amoheloa F
Published: March 2021

It is important for anyone entering a profession to learn their profession’s specialised language. This is also true of those learning trades such as automotive technology or plumbing. Knowledge of specialised language allows trades professionals to speak to other professionals and read technical material. Although this technical language is new to all students, learning it is harder for students learning in a second language. In this article we provide support for this learning for students from the Pacific Island nation of Tonga, who are studying a trade in English either in Tonga or abroad. In prior work we developed technical word lists in four trades, identifying the technical vocabulary in a 1.6 million-word corpus of course material. In this article, we extend that research by developing bilingual English-Tongan word lists, using culturally appropriate Talanoa methodology to draw on the specialist knowledge of Tongan-speaking trades’ professionals. Translation revealed that numerous technical words do not have a direction translation in Tongan, particularly infrequent English words. It also revealed words with a clear Tongan equivalent, and Tonganised English words. The bilingual word lists will benefit Tongan trades’ trainees in Tonga and those who are migrants to English countries.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in 'International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism' on 2017-09-17, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13670050.2017.1374329.
Food for Health
Authors: Joy Michael
Published: March 2021

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Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in recurrent development of complex regional pain syndrome: A case report
Authors:   Centre of Hyperbaric Medicine, Ostrava City Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Hájek Michal ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Chmelař Dittmar ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic,   Czech Anaerobic Bacteria Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Tlapák Jakub ,   The Institute of Aviation Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic,   Department of Military Surgery, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, Novomeský František ,   Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Expertises, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic, Rybárová Veronika ,   Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal Expertises, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Martin, Slovak Republic, Klugar Miloslav ,   Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC; JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Published: March 2021

A broad spectrum of conditions including neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and fibromyalgia, have been implicated as causes of chronic pain. There is a need for new and effective treatments that patients can tolerate without significant adverse effects. One potential intervention is hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT). The case reported here is unique in describing repeated HBOT in a patient who developed recurrent post-traumatic CRPS of the lower as well as the upper limbs. In the first event, two months after distortion and abruption of the external right ankle, the patient suffered leg pain, oedema formation, mild hyperaemia, limited mobility of the ankle and CRPS Type 1. In the second event, the same patient suffered fracture-dislocation of the distal radius 1.5 years after the first injury. After the plaster cast was removed the patient developed pain, warmth, colour changes, oedema formation and limited wrist mobility with CRPS Type 1. Pharmacological treatment as well as HBOT were used with significant improvement of functional outcome in both cases. Some studies suggest that patients with a history of CRPS are more likely to develop secondary CRPS compared to the rates reported in the literature among the general population. Patients with a history of CRPS should be counselled that they may be at risk for developing secondary CRPS if they undergo surgery or sustain trauma to another extremity.
Hyperbaric oxygen for sudden hearing loss: Influence of international guidelines on practice in Australia and New Zealand
Authors:   Hyperbaric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, Sherlock Susannah ,   Senior Clinical Lecturer, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, Kelly Sharon ,   Department of Ear Nose and Throat Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, Bennett Michael H ,   Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney Australia,   Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is an otolaryngologic emergency. The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Society (UHMS) revised practice guidelines in 2014 adding ISSHL to approved indications. This study investigated whether the UHMS guidelines influenced referral and practice in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Retrospective review of 319 patient referrals in two time periods (five years prior to addition of ISSHL to indications (T-PRE) and three years post (T-POST)). Results: Seven of eight participating hyperbaric facilities provided data down to the level of the indication for HBOT for analysis. In T-PRE 136 patients were treated with HBOT for ISSHL, representing between 0% and 18% of the total cases to each facility. In the T-POST period 183 patients were treated for ISSHL, representing from 0.35% to 24.8% of the total patients in each facility. Comparison between the two periods shows the proportion of patients treated with ISSHL among all indications increased from 3.2% to 12.1% (P < 0.0009). One facility accounted for 74% (101/136) of ISSHL patients receiving HBOT in T-PRE and 63% (116/183) in T-POST. ISSHL case load at that facility increased from 18% to 24.8% (P = 0.009) after the UHMS guideline publication. Three of the seven units had a significant increase in referrals after the guideline change. Conclusion: There remains equipoise regarding HBOT in the management of ISSHL. Only three out of seven units had a significant increase in ISSHL patients after the UHMS guidelines publication. Without well controlled RCTs to develop guidelines based on good evidence this is unlikely to change and practice variation will continue.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Results in seven patients with severe bacterial postoperative central nervous system infections and refractory mucormycosis
Authors:   Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal, Valente Aguiar Pedro ,   Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal, Carvalho Bruno ,   Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal 2,   Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal, Monteiro Pedro ,   Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal,   Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal, Linhares Paulo ,   Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal,   Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal,   Neurosciences Centre, Hospital CUF, Oporto, Portugal, Camacho Óscar ,   Hyperbaric Medical Unit, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Portugal, Vaz Rui ,   Neurosurgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Oporto, Portugal,   Faculty of Medicine, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal,   Neurosciences Centre, Hospital CUF, Oporto, Portugal
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Resistant bacterial infections following brain and spine surgery and spontaneous mucormycosis with central nervous system (CNS) involvement represent a serious treatment challenge and more efficient therapeutic approaches ought to be considered. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has shown promise as a complementary therapy. This case series evaluated whether HBOT contributed to infection resolution in seven patients with refractory CNS infectious conditions. Methods: Clinical results for seven patients referred for HBOT between 2010 to 2018 to treat refractory postoperative brain and spine infections or spontaneously developing mucormycosis were retrospectively analysed. The patients’ clinical files and follow-up consultations were reviewed to assess evolution and outcome. Results: Seven patients were referred with a median age of 56 years. The median follow-up was 20 months. Four patients had postoperative infections and three had rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). HBOT was used as an adjunctive treatment to antimicrobial therapy in all patients. Prior to HBOT, all patients had undergone an average of four operations due to infection refractoriness and had completed an average of five months of antimicrobial therapy. After HBOT, infection resolution was obtained in six patients without additional operations, while one patient with ROCM stopped HBOT after the third session due to intolerance. Three patients stopped antimicrobial therapy while four were maintained on prophylactic treatment. Conclusions: Infection resolution was reached in the six patients that completed HBOT as prescribed. HBOT may serve as an effective complementary treatment in CNS refractory postoperative and spontaneous infections.
Echocardiography – techniques and pitfalls whilst diagnosing persistent (patent) foramen ovale as a risk factor in divers with a history of decompression sickness
Authors:   Baromedicine Department, Hyperbaric Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, Azzopardi Charles P , Magri Kurt ,   Baromedicine Department, Hyperbaric Unit, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, Borg Alex ,   Cardiology Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, Schembri Jake ,   Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, Sammut Jonathan ,   Mater Dei Hospital, Malta
Published: March 2021

The case of a diver with a history of decompression sickness (DCS) after recreational scuba diving is presented. Cutis marmorata, a subtype of cutaneous DCS, has been consistently associated with the presence of a persistent (patent) foramen ovale (PFO) as a risk factor. Diagnostic uncertainty arose when transthoracic echocardiography with antecubital injection of agitated saline bubbles (ASBs) did not show any significant shunt, but the presence of a large Eustachian valve was counteracted by intra-femoral injection of ASBs, showing a large PFO with spontaneous shunting. The importance of proper echocardiography techniques prior to resorting to intra-femoral injection of ASBs to counteract the haemodynamic effects of the Eustachian valve is emphasised.
Precedent Phenomena in French Publicistic Discourse of Religious Character
Authors: Semukhina Elena A. , Zaraiskiy Aleksandr A.
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the functioning of precedent phenomena in French religion-focused publicistic discourse. The paper investigates the role of precedent phenomena in discursive context, identifies their most frequent types and establishes the specifics of their cultural markedness. The authors used discourse units of up-to-date religious publications on French Internet websites. The main methods of analysis are continuous sampling, description, historical-cultural and contextual analysis, as well as certain statistical methods.
All types of precedent phenomena, such as allusive names, utterances and texts, as well as situations and events, are used in French religion-focused publicistic discourse. The most frequently used phenomena are precedent texts, due to the nature of Christian culture based on scriptures and constant reference to sacred texts.
Another notably frequent phenomena are precedent events; this might be owing to the specific character of publicistic discourse, the main function of which is to inform about events. Precedent names, utterances and situations are less frequent.
Precedent phenomena add meanings to discourse, thus making an utterance deeper and more expressive. They can help to convey an opinion or add sentiment to a phrase.
Precedent phenomena in a religion-focused publicistic discourse can express opinions implicitly, through allusions, thus influencing the recipient’s perception of the whole statement. To sum up, precedent phenomena in this type of discourse serve the most important function of publicistic discourse – the function of impact.
The vast majority of precedent phenomena used in French religion-focused publicistic discourse are not culturally marked. This proves that religious French people consider themselves to be a part of the global Catholic community.