bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A originalidade e as principais características da Constituiço portuguesa
Authors: Miranda Jorge
Published: January 2020

La Constitución Portuguesa de 1976 surgió dentro de un contexto revolucionario complejo y turbulento, pero a través de treinta años se ha convertido en el piso estabilizador de la democracia del país. Mediante su arraigo en la conciencia cívica y jurídica de los ciudadanos, sucesivas revisiones y a través de la jurisprudencia constitucional se ha desenvuelto y afirmado como una verdadera constitución normativa. Se señalan también sus características principales y únicas, como el extremo cuidado que se puso en los derechos fundamentales y la dicotomía de derechos, libertades y garantías, derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, además de la democracia participativa, la consagración del derecho electoral, el derecho de los partidos, el sistema de gobierno semipresidencial, la descentralización regional y local y el modelo de control constitucional concreto y difuso que ejerce el Tribunal Constitucional.
Reflexiones jurídicas sobre el veto al Presupuesto de Egresos
Authors: Nava Escudero César
Published: January 2020

El estudio del sistema jurídico presupuestario mexicano estuvo encapsulado por más de 70 años como consecuencia de la entronización en el poder de un solo partido político. Durante ese periodo, el procedimiento de aprobación del Presupuesto de Egresos, columna vertebral del Derecho Presupuestario, se convirtió en un simple trámite administrativo carente de desavenencias entre el Poder Ejecutivo y la Cámara de Diputados. A finales del siglo XX y principios del presente, México experimenta la alternancia en el poder y con ello emergen diferentes problemas que gravitan en torno a la ordenación jurídica del gasto público. El veto al Presupuesto de Egresos de la Federación no escapa a este nuevo escenario. En este artículo se confrontan las dos vertientes que existen al respecto, entre los que se decantan por la procedencia del veto, posición que asume nuestra Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, y entre los que le niegan dicha facultad al Presidente de la República, con la cual, finalmente, el autor se identifica.
La acción de incosntitucionalidad por omisión legislativa en la Constitución mexicana. Un avance en el acceso a la justicia constitucional
Authors: Rangel Hernández Laura
Published: January 2020

Uno de los más novedosos medios de control constitucional es la inconstitucionalidad por omisión legislativa, como su nombre lo dice, tiene como finalidad controlar la regularidad del orden jurídico ante las omisiones en que incurren los órganos legislativos en franco incumplimiento de mandatos constitucionales para legislar y que, por tanto, no permiten que las normas de la carta fundamental desplieguen correctamente su eficacia jurídica. Se hace un breve recorrido doctrinal, una visión panorámica en cuanto a su regulación en el extranjero y en las entidades federativas de México, así como un breve análisis de algunos casos presentados ante la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, con la finalidad de tener una visión general de la misma.
Cuba y su futuro. Algunas reflexiones sobre materia constitucional
Authors: Bernal Gómez Beatriz
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre la problemática relación entre el sistema democrático y las particulares formas de constitucionalización de la Constitución en América Latina, observando la creciente y compleja relación evolutiva entre las expectativas normativas y las formas de sociabilidad en el proceso de creación jurídico-político de la sociedad, así como las dificultades de las formas institucionales para lograr acomodos políticos que ayuden a la estabilización de las complejas democracias en la región.
Los poderes de emergencia en Uruguay
Authors: Flores Dapkevicius Rubén
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo refiere las situaciones que pueden determinar la adopción de poderes de emergencia, por ello sucintamente presentamos los conceptos fundamentales que presentan al Estado de derecho como orden jurídico, los derechos humanos y sus garantías, para luego ingresar de lleno al análisis del tema en la República Oriental del Uruguay. Los poderes de emergencia son instrumentos de derecho constitucional que intentan salvar el Estado de derecho cuando existen circunstancias excepcionales que lo atacan. En ese sentido, el estado de sitio y la ley marcial son ejemplos clásicos. Su regulación precisa y taxativa en la Constitución es una garantía procedimental fundamental. La suspensión de determinados derechos humanos exige esa regulación en detalle.
Raíz, actualidad y perspectivas de la jurisdicción interamericana de derechos humanos
Authors: García Ramírez Sergio
Published: January 2020

El derecho internacional de los derechos humanos trasciende y se proyecta en las distintas áreas del derecho interno de los Estados. En este sentido, América ha hecho lo suyo y se ha sumado a los sistemas de protección de los derechos humanos —que conforman el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos—, en armonía con los afanes de la comunidad internacional y a su vez acorde con sus propios principios y circunstancias. Es así como los Estados, la OEA, la sociedad civil, el ombudsman, la defensoría pública, la academia, los comunicadores sociales. Las profesiones libres, la víctima, la Comisión y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, convergen diligentes, y se convierten todos ellos en protagonistas del sistema y agentes de su desarrollo y eficacia. El lector encontrará en este artículo un programa general del actual sistema interamericano, a través de una clara y sucinta exposición sobre actores y el papel que desempeñan; las atribuciones normativas, administrativas y jurisdiccionales de la Corte Interamericana, algunos de los temas trascendentes que ha tratado a través de su jurisprudencia; así como el tratamiento de las reparaciones y una reflexión sobre el futuro de la jurisdicción interamericana.
Los efectos de la acción de tutela más allá de los casos concretos. La protección de los derechos fundamentales en Colombia
Authors: Bernal Cano Natalia
Published: January 2020

Este texto es un análisis comparativo acerca de las formas de revisión judicial en Colombia y Europa que protegen los derechos fundamentales en casos concretos. Las formas de objetivación de los procesos individuales para proteger a las personas respecto de las leyes, es el tema especializado más importante en la proposición para incorporar los procesos de revisión judicial con efectos generales en los casos concretos resueltos por la acción de tutela o el proceso directo. Esta proposición es una contribución intelectual para la revisión constitucional en Colombia.
Transparencia, acceso a la información y universidad pública autónoma
Authors: Carpizo Jorge
Published: January 2020

Armonizar el derecho de acceso a la información pública y el derecho constitucional de autonomía de las universidades públicas es el principal objetivo de este artículo. Para ello, el autor analiza, por un lado, la autonomía universitaria en su vertiente de derecho constitucional y, por otro, hace un esbozo histórico del derecho a la información, la transparencia y el acceso a la documentación pública. Una premisa fundamental del autor consiste en la inexistencia de contradicciones entre estos dos derechos constitucionales, toda vez que ambos persiguen la misma finalidad: proteger y hacer efectiva la dignidad humana. Por tal motivo, concluye haciendo una propuesta, que llama debatible, de lo que a su juicio son 23 consideraciones para armonizar los derechos en cuestión.
Efectos de las sentencias constitucionales en el derecho argentino
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Alejandro
Published: January 2020

La regulación de los efectos de las sentencias constitucionales en el derecho argentino, ha quedado a cargo, básicamente, del derecho consuetudinario procesal constitucional. Por un lado, la Corte Suprema de Justicia ha instrumentado además de las sentencias tradicionales, estimatorias o desestimatorias, sentencias de tipo “interpretativo”, “manipulativo” (por adición, sustracción y sustitutivas), exhortativas y escalonadas. Por otro, partiendo del esquema inicial de fallos con efectos inter partes, la misma Corte ha creado la doctrina de la eficacia vinculante de la doctrina constitucional enunciada en sus sentencias, aunque permite apartarse de ella invocando el juez del caso razones valederas y diferentes a las ya evaluadas por la Corte. Por lo demás, los fallos declarativos de inconstitucionalidad tienen efecto retroactivo, pero existen significativas excepciones. En el derecho público provincial, a su turno, hay modalidades muy diversas de efectos erga omnes.
Perbandingan Expanded Curb-65 Terhadap Curb-65 dan Psi Dalam Memprediksi Luaran Pasien Cap
Authors: Suyastri Suyastri , Medison Irvan , Herman Deddy , Russilawati Russilawati
Published: January 2020

Tingkat keparahan CAP adalah poin penting pengambilan keputusan perawatan pasien. Beberapa metode telah digunakan untuk menilai tingkat keparahan pneumonia seperti Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART-COP dan Expanded CURB-65. Metode tersebut memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Expanded CURB 65 diusulkan menjadi metode yang lebih akurat untuk mengevaluasi keparahan pneumonia dan memprediksi kematian pasien CAP. Tujuan penelitian ini memprediksi keakuratan Expanded CURB  65 dibandingkan CURB 65 dan PSI. Penelitian kohort prospektif pada pasien CAP yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang dari April sampai Oktober 2019. Tingkat keparahan CAP pada pasien dinilai menggunakan PSI, CURB 65, Expanded CURB 65, kemudian hasilnya dievaluasi berdasarkan keparahan. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik dengan CI 95% dan nilai p <0,05 dianggap signifikan. Hasil penelitian pada 90 pasien sebagian besar laki-laki usia 53 tahun dengan komorbiditas terbanyak keganasan. Uji Pearson Chi aquare menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat keparahan berdasarkan CURB 65 dan luaran pengobatan (CI 95%, nilai p = 0,104). Sementara, PSI dan Expanded CURB 65 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat keparahan dan luaran (CI 95%, p=0,081 dan CI 95%, p= 0,046, masing-masing). Analisis multivariat menemukan Expanded CURB 65 lebih akurat dalam memprediksi luaran pasien CAP rawat inap (kappa =0,108 dan AUC=0,422).

Severity of CAP is very important for site care decision inpatients. Several methods have been used to assess the severity of pneumonia such as Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART-COP and Expanded CURB-65. Those methods have advantages and disadvantages. Expanded CURB 65 is proposed to be more accurate method for evaluating pneumonia severity and predicting mortality in CAP. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of Expanded CURB 65 compare to CURB 65 and PSI. Cohort prospective study was conducted for CAP patients who were hospitalized at RSUP Dr. M.Djamil Padang from April to October 2019. Patients was assesed for severity using PSI, CURB 65, Expanded CURB 65, then we evaluated it’s outcome. The data were analyzed by logistic regression with CI 95% and p value <0,05 considered as statistically significant. We found 90 patients that predominantly males with an average age of 53 years, and the most common comorbidity is malignancy. There was no relationship between pneumonia severity by CURB 65 and outcome (CI 95%, p=0.104). PSI and Expanded CURB 65 had significant relationship between severity and outcome (CI 95%, p=0.081and CI 95%, p=0.046, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed the expanded CURB 65 was more accurate for predicting the outcome of CAP inpatients (kappa=0.108 and AUC= 0.422).
In-Vitro Comparative Dissolution Study of Commercially Available Paracetamol Tablet
Authors: Kar Ayan Kumar , Kar Banhishikha
Published: January 2020

Quality is the most important issue in the pharmaceutical field due to the presence of a drug which is considered as safe and therapeutically active agent. In-vitro evaluation ensures their quality, bioavailability as well as optimum therapeutic activity. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) which are the active metabolites of phenacetin is commonly used for the relief of headaches and pains, and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. Paracetamols are available in different brands in Indian market. The main objective of the present study was to conduct the comparative in-vitro dissolution studies of various brands collected from the local market to determine whether all the formulations used were equivalent or significantly different. The calibration curve was constructed covering the concentration range of 1 to 10 mcg/ml at 268 nm by UV spectrophotometer (UV 2203 Double beam spectrophotometer, Shimadzu).  Five different brands of Paracetamol of 500 mg conventional tablets from different manufacturers were selected in the study and dissolution testing in Phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 was conducted from each brands for 90 mins by using dissolution testing apparatus USP type-II. The dissolution rate was subjected to various mathematical models like zero order, first order, Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell equations to elucidate the kinetic behavior of drug release from the test samples. Different release kinetics model of all the selected brands was assuring the quality standard of manufacturing.

Keywords: Paracetamol, Marketed Tablet, In-Vitro dissolution study, Release profile.
Targeted Based Drug Delivery System for Colon Cancer
Authors: Kaur Veerpal , Amandeep Singh Amandeep Singh , Kaur Kirandeep , Rath Goutam
Published: January 2020

Regardless of so many advancements in the treatment, colon cancer still stands third in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Toxicity associated with conventional drugs is one of the major problems associated with chemotherapy. Targeted delivery works by concentrating the medication in the tissues of interest and reducing the concentration in remaining tissues. This delivery system helps the drug molecule to reach preferably to the desired site. The targeting will lower the requirement of a higher dose of the drug thus reducing the dosage frequency. The present review focuses on the various parameters of targeted drug delivery including the criteria for selection of drug and factors affecting the targeted drug delivery and also includes the brief discussion about different targeted drug deliveries for colon cancer therapies.

Keywords: colon cancer, targeted drug delivery, chemotherapies
Development and characterization of paclitaxel and embelin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for breast cancer
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Kaur Veerpal , Singh Amandeep , Mishra Neeraj
Published: January 2020

In an effort to develop an alternative formulation of combination of paclitaxel (PTX) and embelin (EMB) suitable for parenteral administration, PTX-EMB loaded sterically stabilized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared, characterized and examined for in vitro cytotoxicity. The SLNs, comprising glycerol mono stearate (GMS) as a solid lipid core, Brij 35 used as surfactant and PEGylated phospholipid used as stabilizer, were prepared using a hot homogenization method. Optimized PTX-EMB loaded formulation, the particle sizes of the prepared SLNs were around 300 nm, suggesting that they would be suitable as a parenteral formulation. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the SLNs were homogeneous and spherical in shape. Entrapment efficiency of paclitaxel and embelin was 92.83 ± 2.2%, 83.25 ± 2.4% respectively. An in vitro drug release study were performed in PBS (pH 7.4) for 80 hrs and observed that paclitaxel and embelin released from the PEGylated SLNs was 93.91 ± 4.1 % and 75.63 ± 4.37 % respectively. Furthermore, treatment of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with PTX-EMB loaded SLNs yielded cytotoxicities comparable to PTX solution, PTX-EMB mixture solution and PTX loaded PEGylated SLNs. These results collectively suggest that our optimized SLN formulation may have a potential as alternative delivery system for parenteral administration of paclitaxel and embelin.

Keywords: Embelin, Apoptosis, Cancer, Cytotoxicity, Breast Cancer, Solid lipid nanoparticles.
The Benefit and Safety of Vitamin B Combination to Reduce Fatigue and Improve Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Sanyasi Rosa De Lima Renita , Pramudita Esdras Ardi
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often have a chronic fatigue and lower QoL, thus may increase morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Objective: The objective was to identify the benefit and safety of administration of intravenous vitamin B combination to reducing fatigue, measure the prevalence of fatigue and QoL in CKD patients. Method: This study was an observational non control study for 4 weeks in CKD patients with routine hemodyalisis 2 times/week. Every subject has a routine administration of intravenous vitamin B combination, consist of 100 mg vitamin B1, 100 mg vitamin B6, and 5000 mcg vitamin B12, after each hemodyalisis. Visual analogue scale (VAS) used to measure the degree of fatigue. QoL measured using SF-8 questionnaire, consist of total, physical (PCS), and mental component (MCS). Results: The prevalence of fatigue is high. The mean VAS score was 3.4±2.1 at baseline and there were 46.7% subjects with VAS score above the mean VAS score. After 4 weeks administration of vitamin B combination intravenously, the mean VAS score was decreasing from 3.4 to 2.7. The prevalence of fatigue was decreasing from 46.7% to 41%. This shifting was statistically significant (p:0.008). There was a score reduction in total component (20.19±4.8 to 19.29±4.9), PCS (13.44±3.1 to 12.99±3.5), and MCS (6.75±2.1 to 6.31±1.9). This score reduction indicated a better QoL. However, the reduction was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of fatigue is high. Intravenous vitamin B combination considered to be effective and safe to reducing the degree of fatigue in CKD patients.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, fatigue, hyperhomocysteinemia, vitamin B combination, quality of life
Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Sugammadex
Authors: Mashru Rajashree , Parekh Hemangi , Chokshi Parin
Published: January 2020

A simple, precise, accurate, specific RP-HPLC method developed for sugammadex in bulk and simulated mixture. Chromatographic separation is achieved by C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ) in isocratic mode. The optimized mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and double distilled water in ratio of 20:80%v/v at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min and sugammadex was monitored at 210nm. Retention time of the drug was found to be 3.39min. The linearity obtained in range of 50 – 250 µg/mL.  %RSD mean for precision and %Recovery mean of the sugammadex were found to be 0.63 and 99.04% - 99.84% respectively. Stability indicating nature of RP-HPLC method was established by applying the degradation condition. The results indicate that developed RP-HPLC method would be suitable for estimation of drug in presence of degradant product. The above developed method was validated according to ICH guideline.

 Keywords: Sugammadex, Assay, Simulated Mixture, Forced Degradation, Validation.
Use of Molecular Diagnostic Techniques to Determinate the Epidemiology of Malaria Parasites in North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Lawan M.M. , Shago And M.I.
Published: January 2020

The emergence of resistance to all antimalarial drugs in clinical use is now making it necessary to discover the markers responsible for the resistance. The principal aim of this research is the use of molecular diagnostic techniques to Determine the epidemiology of malaria parasites. Thirty blood samples were analyzed by microscopy and molecular techniques to monitor the relative efficiency in malaria diagnosis. Molecular analysis revealed 28 out of 30 samples as positive for malaria while Microscopic analysis revealed 27out of 30 samples as positive malaria parasite. The molecular analysis was particularly useful to unveil parasites presence in infections not detectable by blood smear analysis.

Keywords: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Epidemiology, Malaria Parasites
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Cilnidipine
Authors: Tiwari Balakrishna , Shirsat Mrunal K. , Kulkarni Amol
Published: January 2020

Cilnidipine is one of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. It was created combinedly by Fuji Viscera Pharmaceutical Company, Ajinomoto and Japan and was approved in the year 1995. Cilnidipine acts on N-type calcium channel where exist the end of sympathetic nerve in addition to common L-type calcium channel like that of other calcium antagonists. China, Japan, India, Korea and several other countries approved this drug. The objective of the method validation is to demonstrate whether the method was suited for the intended purpose. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was validated for linearity, precision (repeatability, intermediate precision), accuracy, specificity, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantification. Cosmosil (4.6 X 250mm, 5 μ) column was used for separation. The selected wavelength for Cilnidipine was 241 nm. The mobile phase consists Methanol: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (50:50). Flow rate was delivered at 1.0 mL/min. Appropriate dilutions of standard stock solutions were prepared as per the get desired concentrations in the range of 100-500 mcg/ml. The RT obtained was 4.8165 minutes.

Keywords: Cilnidipine, UV spectroscopy, RP-HPLC, ICH
Bisphenol-A in Wistar Rats: Toxicological Study as Mitochondrial Disrupting Agent
Authors: Zahak Ahmad , Saraswat Rohit
Published: January 2020

BPA is an EDC which is continuously released into the environment because of its extensive usage as plasticizer and other industrial applications. The present study establishes BPA induced alterations in mitochondrial marker enzymes and hence cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies were performed to evaluate the histopathological changes in tissue on exposure to different doses of BPA for different time periods.  Light microscopic examination of samples was done to evaluate the possible changes caused by treatment of different doses of BPA. After getting the results in light microscopy the changes and damage caused by BPA ultra-structurally were observed.  Light microscopic study showed that BPA exposure for short duration of 7 days did not resulted in significant change in histology of Rat of treated animals. Light microscopic observations showed that low doses of BPA (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) exposure for 14 days caused reduction in the number of cells in the layers of seminiferous tubules. Highest dose of BPA treatment for 14 days caused much damage to the seminiferous tubules. There were many ultra-structural changes found in the treated groups as compared to the control group. Hence it can be stated that due to the toxic effect of BPA the mitochondrial marker enzymes have shown marked reduction in their activities.

Keywords: BPA, EDCs, Light microscopic, Mitochondria and Toxicity.
Artrodese com Posicionamento Cirúrgico Pouco Difundido como Tratamento de Instabilidade Cervical por Artrite Reumatoide. Relato de Caso
Authors: Ellery Marcus Vinícius Silveira , Sena Antônio Maria Da Justa , Mesquita Marcus Vinícius Torres , Rodrigues Pedro Gustavo Barros , Pereira Isabelle De Sousa , Botelho Caio Viana , Pontes Eduardo Cesar Dias , Fernandes Luis Eduardo Severo , Araújo Letícia Pastuszka de Paz , De Arruda José Arnaldo Motta , De Arruda Arnaldo Ribeiro
Published: January 2020

Apresentação do caso: Paciente com queixa de dispneia e cefaleia occipital à flexão do pescoço diagnosticada com luxação atlantoaxialsecundária a AR. Encaminhada para artrodese cervical, sendo realizado posicionamento não usual e técnica cirúrgica de Harms.Discussão: Afecção de coluna cervical não é um achado incomum em pacientes com artrite reumatoide, mas que ainda apresentasubdiagnóstico importante, podendo cursar com compressão de estruturas e, assim, gerar os sintomas. Técnica de posicionamento visauma melhor visualização intraoperatória dos parafusos, pois no momento de colocá-los é quando há o principal motivo de complicaçãoda cirurgia, lesão de estruturas adjacentes. Técnica de Harms consiste em uma técnica de fixação C1-C2, sendo utilizado também nocaso em questão de ampliação da fixação de C3 ao osso occipital. Comentários: Evidencia o sucesso de uma cirurgia que costumaser evitada como tratamento, utilizando um posicionamento cirúrgico que melhora substancialmente a visibilidade dos parafusos pelocirurgião, podendo diminuir consideravelmente as chances de possíveis complicações da cirurgia.
Arte contemporânea indígena e indigeneidade global: entrevista de Gerald McMaster a Idjahure Kadiwel
Authors: McMaster Gerald , Kadiwel Idjahure , Leal Aline , Friques Manoel Silvestre
Published: January 2020

Gerald McMaster é artista, curador e professor de Cultura Visual Indígena e Estudos Curatoriais Críticos, no Ontario College of Art and Design (OCAD) em Toronto, Canadá. Pertencente aos povos indígenas Blackfoot (Siksika) e Plains Cree (Nehiyaw) e com mais de três décadas de uma trajetória profissional dedicada ao estudo das artes visuais ameríndias na contemporaneidade, McMaster assinou a curadoria de diversas exposições internacionais, como o pavilhão canadense da 46a Bienal de Veneza em 1995 – quando Edward Poitras expôs como o primeiro artista indígena representando o Canadá – , e a direção artística, compartilhada com Catherine de Zegher, da 18a Bienal de Sidney em 2012, intitulada All Our Relations.Tendo como foco a produção artística indígena contemporânea, McMaster desenvolve uma série de projetos acadêmicos que promovem o diálogo entre artistas indígenas de diferentes partes do mundo. Em sua visita ao Brasil no âmbito de seu projeto Arctic/Amazon, no qual busca estabelecer conexões entre obras e artistas indígenas das regiões do Ártico e da Amazônia, McMaster ofereceu em 19 de setembro de 2018, a convite da professora Elsje Lagrou, uma palestra no Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Sociais (IFCS/UFRJ).Na entrevista a seguir, concedida ao antropólogo Idjahure Kadiwel enquanto correspondente da Rádio Yandê, McMaster expõe questões relacionadas à produção artística indígena contemporânea, destacando-se as relações entre arte e política; as tensões entre o circuito artístico e os valores espirituais dos povos indígenas; assim como a globalização da luta indígena e os obstáculos para os intercâmbios e as comunicações entre os povos ameríndios do Sul e do Norte.
Identifikasi Bawah Permukaan Di Daerah Panasbumi Menggunakan Geolistrik Di Desa Tolole Kecamatan Ampibabo Kabupaten Parigi Moutong
Authors: Fahri Moh. , Abdullah Abdullah , Rugayya Sitti , Badaruddin Badaruddin
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan identifikasi bawah permukaan di daerah panasbumi menggunakan metode geolistrik di Desa Tolole Kecamatan Ampibabo Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lapisan bawah permukaan. Pengukuran dilakukan sebanyak 4 lintasan dengan metode Automatic Array Scanning (AAS) konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger. Data hasil pengukuran diolah dengan menggunakan program Res2Dinv 3.53 dan Surfer 11. Hasil penelitian lapisan bawah permukaan di daerah panasbumi terdiri dari 3 lapisan. Lapisan pertama dengan nilai hambatan jenis 2 sampai 17,5 m yang diduga merupakan lempung pasiran, lapisan kedua dengan nilai hambatan jenis 17,5 sampai 104 m yang diduga merupakan pasir dan kerikil. Pada lapisan kedua ini terdapat air panas yang tersebar pada permukaan yang berbentuk manifestasi sampai dengan kedalaman ± 44 m bmt dengan faktor formasi 2 sampai 5 pada formasi aluvium dan endapan pantai. Sedangkan pada lapisan ketiga dengan nilai hambatan jenis 104 sampai 247 m yang diduga merupakan pasir, krikil dan lempung.

Kata kunci: Geolistrik, Panasbumi, Res2dinv, Surfer, Wenner-Schlumberger
PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN DALAM PEMBUATAN ETIL ESTER DARI MINYAK KELAPA
Authors: Jusman Jusman , Setiaji Bambang , Triyono Triyono , Syoufian Akhmad
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh etil ester yang optimum. Penelitian ini diawali dengan reaksi transesterifikasi antara minyak kelapa dan etanol dengan variasi waktu dan kecepatan pengadukan. Etil ester dianalisis dengan GC dan GC-MS. Hasil transesterifikasi optimum sebesar 76,48 % diperoleh pada rasio minyak kelapa/etanol/NaOH 1:2:0,02 (100 mL : 50 mL : 2 g) dengan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm. Kecepatan pengadukan dan waktu reaksi berturut-turut di atas 400 rpm dan 30 menit menghasilkan rendamen etil ester di atas 80 %. Kata Kunci : minyak kelapa, transesterifikasi, variasi waktu, dan kecepatan pengadukan
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN PROTEIN TERLARUT DAN KAROTENOID NASI JAGUNG (Zea mays var. indentata) YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN KAPANG ONCOM MERA (Neurospora sp.) Analysis of Dissolved Protein and Carotenoid Content of Corn Rice (Zea mays var. indentata) Fermented with Red Oncom Shells (Neurospora sp.)
Authors: Nurfahriani Dwi , Nurhaeni Nurhaeni , Khairuddin Khairuddin
Published: January 2020

Analisis kandungan protein terlarut dan karotenoid nasi jagung (zea mays var. indentata) yang difermentasi oleh kapang oncom merah (neurospora sp.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi inokulum kapang oncom merah dan waktu fermentasi yang dapat menghasilkan nasi jagung dengan kadar protein terlarut dan karotenoid tertinggi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial yang terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu : faktor a (konsentrasi inokulum kapang oncom merah) terdiri atas 3 taraf meliputi : 1%; 1,5%  dan 2%. Faktor b (waktu inkubasi) terdiri atas 3 taraf : waktu fermentasi 36 jam; 48 jam dan 60 jam. Hasil analisis diperoleh perlakuan yang terbaik adalah konsentrasi 2% dan waktu fermentasi 48 jam dengan kadar protein terlarut 22,4% dan kadar karotenoid 0,38 mg. Analisis statistic sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara konsentrasi inokulum dan waktu fermentasi terhadap kadar protein terlarut dan kadar karotenoid.Kata kunci: nasi jagung, kapang oncom merah, protein terlarut, karotenoid.
SELULOSA DARI AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PADA MINYAK BEKAS PENGGORENGAN
Authors: Wulandari Winda Trisna , Dewi Rosmaya
Published: January 2020

Penggorengan minyak dapat menyebabkan asam lemak yang terdapat di dalamnya mengalami oksidasi menghasilkan senyawa yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan, diantaranya adalah senyawa peroksida, aldehid dan akrilamid. Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan senyawa-senyawa berbahaya tersebut adalah dengan cara penggunaan adsorben. Akhir-akhir ini banyak dikembangkan adsorben yang berasal dari serat alami. Salah satunya adalah selulosa yang terkandung 40-50% dalam ampas tebu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan selulosa dari ampas tebu sebagai adsorben pada minyak bekas penggorengan. Ekstraksi selulosa dari ampas tebu dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan 250 mL larutan NaOCl 0,735% dan 150 mL larutan NaOH 17,5 %. Pengujian adsorben dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan selulosa ke dalam minyak bekas penggorengan selama 1x24 jam dan 2x24 jam. Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kualitas minyak goreng. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perendaman minyak jelantah dengan menggunakan selulosa selama 2x24 jam dapat menurunkan bilangan asam sampai dengan 52,31% dan menurunkan bilangan peroksida mencapai 68,36%, akan tetapi nilai kadar airnya meningkat sebesar 45,29%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa selulosa dari ampas tebu berpotensi sebagai adsorben pada minyak bekas penggorengan.Kata kunci: selulosa, ampas tebu, adsorben, minyak jelantah.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN TANAMAN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara Linn) DARI BEBERAPA TINGKAT KEPOLARAN PELARUT
Authors: Lestari Ikatami Putri , Mappiratu Mappiratu , Ruslan Ruslan , Satrimafitrah Pasjan
Published: January 2020

Penelitian tentang ekstrak daun tembelekan menggunakan berbagai tingkat kepolaran sebagai antibakteri telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa antibakteri dalam daun tembelekan (Lantana camara Linn) bersifat polar, semipolar atau nonpolar, serta daya hambat ekstrak daun tembelekan terhadap bakteri gram positif (Staphylococcus pyogenesis dan Micrococcus luteus) dan bakteri gram negative (Vibrio cholera dan Shigella dysenteriae). Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode maserasi dengan 3 tingkat polaritas pelarut yang dimulai dari pelarut nonpolar (n­-heksan), diikuti dengan pelarut semipolar (etil asetat) dan pelarut polar (etanol). Uji daya hambat ekstrak terhadap bakteri uji dilakukan menggunakan metode sumur difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memberikan daya hambat tertinggi pada gram postif (Staphylococcus pyogenesis dan Micrococcus luteus) dan bakteri gram negative (Vibrio cholera dan Shigella dysenteriae) berturut-turut 20,89, 12, 18,56, dan 5,33 mm serta menunjukkan bahwa daun tembelekan mengandung senyawa antibakteri yang bersifat nonpolar, semipolar, dan polar.Kata Kunci : Tembelekan, ekstrak, daya hambat, antibakteri.
MIKROENKAPSULASI EKSTRAK LIKOPEN BUAH TOMAT (Lycopersicum pyriforme) TERSALUT TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT Eucheuma cottonii
Authors: Sumarni Ni Ketut , Kea Novitaliani , Bahri Syaiful
Published: January 2020

Likopen merupakan senyawa bahan alam yang mudah mengalami kerusakan akibat perubahan suhu dan waktu simpan. Kerusakan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan proses mikroenkapsulasi menggunakan penyalut, salah satunya tepung rumput laut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan efisiensi penyalutan tertinggi berdasarkan rasio likopen terhadap tepung rumput laut. Metode penyalutan dilakukan menggunakan freeze dryng, dengan rasio likopen terhadap tepung rumput laut 1:5; 2:5; 3:5; 4:5 atas dasar (b/b). Analisis kadar likopen dalam mikrokapsul dilakukan selama 4 minggu. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa efisiensi penyalut tertinggi pada rasio 1:5 dengan persentase 10,686% dan kinetika degradasi likopen tersalut tepung rumput laut mengikuti kinetika reaksi orde nol.Kata kunci: Ekstrak likopen,tepung rumput laut, mikroenkapsulasi
PRODUKSI MALTODEKSTRIN DARI PATI UMBI TALAS (Colocasia esculenta) MENGGUNAKAN ENZIM α-AMILASE
Authors: Sao Febby Prisca Valentina , Bahri Syaiful , Indriani Indriani
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang produksi maltodekstrin dari pati umbi talas (Colocasia esculenta) menggunakan  enzim alfa amilase. Tujuannya adalah untuk menghasilkan maltodekstrin dengan variasi berat pati terhadap enzim dan waktu hidrolisis terbaik yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh maltodekstrin dengan rendemen dan nilai DE ≤20. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu berat pati dan waktu hidrolisis yang masing–masing dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rendemen maltodekstrin tertinggi diperoleh pada berat pati terhadap enzim 25 g dengan nilai 54,93% dan DE 12,56. Waktu hidrolisis pati yang menghasilkan rendemen maltodekstrin tertinggi adalah pada waktu 180 menit yaitu 64,29% dengan nilai DE maltodekstrin yang diperoleh yaitu 11,37.Kata Kunci :Enzim α- amilase, maltodekstrin, pati umbi talas.
UJI STABILITAS PIGMEN EKSTRAK UBI BANGGAI (Dioscorea bulbifera var celebica Burkill) PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI pH DAN LAMA PAPARAN SINAR MATAHARI
Authors: Rundubelo Bryan Agung , Ridhay Ahmad , Hardi Jaya , Pusptasari Dwi Juli
Published: January 2020

Penelitian tentang potensi ubi banggai (Dioscorea bulbifera var celebica Burkill)  sebagai pewarna alami makanan dan minuman yang ditinjau dari stabilitas pH dan paparan sinar matahari telah dilaksanakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kestabilan ekstrak ubi banggai terhadap pengaruh pH dan terhadap paparan sinar matahari selama masa penyimpanan. Waktu yang digunakan adalah 10 hari untuk penyimpanan terhadap pengaruh pH dan 5 jam untuk paparan sinar matahari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan zat warna ekstrak ubi banggai stabil pada pH 2 setelah masa penyimpanan 10 hari dengan presentasi degradasi 37.38 % sementara pengaruh paparan sinar matahari menghasilkan degradasi terendah pada botol gelap yaitu 36,91 % dibandingkan dengan botol bening 41,96 %.Kata Kunci : Zat warna, stabilitas ubi banggai, degradasi
MIKROENKAPSULASI EKSTRAK AMPAS JAHE MERAH DARI HASIL PEMISAHAN MINYAK JAHE MERAH
Authors: Novaldi Novaldi , Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti , Hardi Jaya , Ys Hardi
Published: January 2020

Ekstrak ampas jahe merah hasil penyulingan minyak jahe merah mengandung senyawa oleoresin yang mudah rusak. Untuk menahan kerusakannya dilakukan mikroenkapsulasi menggunakan maltodekstrin. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dengan lima rasio perbandingan, yaitu 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 dan 1:10 (b/v). Mikroenkapsulasi dilakukan metode penyalutan dan teknik freeze drying. Perbandingan maltodekstrin dan ekstrak ampas jahe merah yaitu 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 dan 1:10 (b/b). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak ampas jahe merah yang diperoleh tertinggi pada rasio 1:10 dengan kadar 31,82%. Efisiensi penyalutan ekstrak ampas jahe merah dengan maltodekstrin yang diperoleh tertinggi pada rasio 1:6 yaitu 55,04%.Kata kunci: Ekstrak ampas jahe merah, freeze drying, penyalutan, maltodekstrin
PEMBUATAN Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) DARI PELEPAH NANAS (Ananas cosmosus Merr.)
Authors: Ripdayana Ripdayana , Ridhay Ahmad , Rahim Erwin Abdul
Published: January 2020

A research about production of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)  from pineapple midrib (Ananas cosmosus Merr.) has been conducted.  This research aims to determine the best cellulose ratio with sodium monochloro acetate and the best reaction time to the substitution  degree of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midrib fibers.  This study used a Completely Randomized Design method with two independent variables,  i.e. variations in the weight of sodium monochloroacetate (2.5 grams, 3 grams, 3.5 grams, 4 grams, and 4.5 grams) and variations in reaction time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours , and 5 hours), each treatment was done  duplo using 20 treatment units. The result of the study showed that the best ratio of sodium monochloroacetate to cellulose which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 2.5: 2.5 with  substitution degree value of  1.93  and optimum reaction time which produced carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple midribs was 1 hour with substitution degree of 2.38.

Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Pineapple midrib
STABILITAS EKSTRAK WARNA BUNGA ASOKA (Ixora javanica) BERDASARKAN VARIASI pH SELAMA MASA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Jenianti Ellditna , Nurhaeni  , Satrimafitrah Pasjan , Pusptasari Dwi Juli
Published: January 2020

Research on the potential of Ashoka (Ixora javanica) flower as a natural food and beverage coloring agent in terms of pH stability during the storage period. This study aims to determine the stability of Asoka flower extract on the effect of pH during the storage period. The time used was 10 days and the variation of pH of  2,3,4,5 and 6, respectively. The results show that Asoka flower extract was stable at pH 2 after a 10-day storage period with degradation presentation of 36.21%, while Ashoka flower extract dyes were unstable at pH 6 after a 10-day storage period with degradation percentage is 78.02%. This proves that the different acidic atmosphere influences the stability of Ashoka flower extract.

Keywords : Dyes, stability of Ashoka flowers, degradation
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN NUTRISI MIE KERING YANG DISUBTITUSIKAN AMPAS KELAPA
Authors: Bawias Sylvia Florensy , Syamsuddin  , Prismawiryanti  , Sumarni Ni Ketut
Published: January 2020

Research has been carried out on the nutritional content of dried noodles substituted with coconut pulp. This study aims to determine the highest total protein content, highest crude fiber content and the highest water content and organoleptic quality of dried noodles substituted with coconut pulp. Dry noodles are made from wheat flour and coconut pulp as the main ingredients. The material ratio is varied to 90:10; 80:20; 70:30 and without the addition of coconut pulp flour. Dry noodles without the addition of coconut pulp flour produced the highest total protein content of 18.57%(b/b) and at the ratio of 70:30 the highest crude fiber was 17.55% (w/w) and the highest water content was 2.63% (w/w). Based on the quality of organoleptic dry noodles the most preferred is at the ratio of 90:10.

Keywords: Dry noodles, coconut pulp flour, total protein content, crude fiber content, water content, organoleptic quality
PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI DARI KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Noviyanty Amalia , Salingkat Chitra Anggriani , Syamsiar Syamsiar
Published: January 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent on extract yield, total phenolics and IC50 values of the skin of red dragon fruit and also obtain the best type of solvent that provides extract rendement, total phenolics and the highest or best IC50 value for extracting red dragon fruit peels. There are 3 types of solvents used (95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone: water (7: 3) with a sample-solvent ratio (5:1 v/b).  The data obtained were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design that was applied to observations of extract rendemen, phenolics total and IC50 values, if the treatment had a very significant or significant effect followed by continued BNJ test at 1% or 5% level. The results showed that the solvent ratio very significantly affected the extract rendemen, phenolics total and IC50 value of red dragon fruit peel extract.  Ethanol 95% solvent is the best solvent for extracting dragon fruit peels because it has the highest yield (26.15%), total phenolic (64.75 ppm) and antioxidant activity (IC50 value) (120.53 ppm) highest or best.

Keywords : IC50, the red dragon fruit skin, solvent ratio, extract yield, phenolics total
The relationship between corporate governance and stock prices in the GCC financial markets
Authors: Al Mubarak Muneer Mohammed Saeed
Published: January 2020

The study investigates the impact of corporate governance characteristics on stock prices in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) financial markets. It covers the financial markets of four (GCC) countries with a sample of 237 firms for the period of 2013-2017. The study was based on the GCC financial markets’ database, financial statements and ancillary notes which include corporate governance, stock prices by Bloomberg and share location. A multi-regression model was used. The independent variables were four corporate governance characteristics and the dependent variable was the stock price, in addition to using a number of control variables. A positive relationship was found between corporate governance and return on stock. The Gulf companies that have increased levels of corporate governance have increased returns to their shares, indicating that these companies are working to reduce the agency’s cost and eliminate the conflict between shareholders and directors. Few studies have focused on the relationship of corporate governance characteristics on stock prices in the GCC financial markets. The existing study contributes to the financial management literature by providing further evidence on such a relationship, especially in emerging countries. It serves as a guide to investors looking for the best investments in reliable companies in the region
Düşey Düz bir Levhanın Periyodik Salınımlarının Isı Transferine Etkisi
Authors: AKÇAY Selma , AKDAĞ Ünal
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, düşey düz bir levhanın periyodik
salınımlarının ısı transferi üzerindeki etkisi deneysel ve sayısal olarak
incelenmiştir. Deney sistemi, içinde deneysel modelin hareket ettiği şeffaf  bir muhafazayı,  modelin salınım hareketini üreten volan-motor sistemini,
güç kaynağını, veri toplama sistemini ve bilgisayarı içerir. Deneysel model,
üzerine termoelemanlar yerleştirilmiş iki bakır levha ve levhalar arasına
yerleştirilmiş Kapton ısıtıcılardan oluşur. Çalışmada, levhanın yüzeyine
uygulanan ısı akısı (q″), Womersley sayısı (Wo) ve boyutsuz salınım genliği
(Ao) değiştirilmiş ve bu parametrelerin ısı transferi üzerindeki etkisi analiz
edilmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışma deneysel verilere dayalı kontrol hacim tabanlı bir
HAD çözücüsü kullanılarak sayısal olarak çözülmüştür. Sayısal sonuçlar,
deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Salınım genliği ve frekansının ısı
transferine etkisini göstermek için levha yüzeyinde anlık hız ve sıcaklık görüntüleri
elde edilmiştir. Sayısal ve deneysel sonuçlar, ısı transferinin salınım parametrelerinden
önemli derecede etkilendiğini ve salınım genliği ve frekansının artması ile arttığını
göstermiştir.
The Experienced Level of Stress and Anxiety in Patients of a Multidisciplinary Medical Center
Authors: Kholmogorova A. B. , Subotich M. I. , Rakhmanina A. A. , Borisonik E. V. , Roy A. P. , Lysenko Y. S. , Petrikov S. S.
Published: January 2020

At the present stage of development of medicine, the delivery of psychological assistance is an important component of a systemic biopsychosocial approach. Patients and persons accompanying them undoubtedly experience anxiety during hospitalization due to the fact that the very appeal to the hospital and the preceding events are stressful. In turn, many previous studies show that stress can have both mobilizing (eustress) and negative effects (distress) on the emotional state and adaptive processes of a person.

The objective of this study is to study the level of stress and anxiety in patients (n=83) at the time of hospitalization and hospital stay. The study was conducted using three self-reporting scales (the Distress Thermometer, A. Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results of the study showed that most patients (58%) experienced an increased level of distress. Distress was most often accompanied by the following emotional reactions: anxiety (51%), fear (25%), sadness (21%), and loneliness (21%). The study of emotional state showed that 22% of respondents had a high level of anxiety (according to HADS), and 5% had clinically significant symptoms of anxiety (according to Beck Inventory). Symptoms of depression are less common. In the group of patients with a significant level of distress, a greater number of patients noted high rates of hospital anxiety and depression. In addition, the authors investigated the emotional state of patients after psychological assistance received in the hospital. The results show that the level of distress was almost twice reduced.

A pilot study of a group of patients being treated in the clinical departments of an emergency hospital allows us to draw a preliminary conclusion about the positive effect of the course of psychocorrective classes on the patient’s emotional state and the level of distress experienced, i.e. helps the patient resolve certain internal conflicts associated with a sudden change in life, calm down and positively set oneself up for treatment.

Authors declare lack of the conflicts of interests.