bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of postoperative changes in condylar positions after orthognathic surgery using balanced orthognathic surgery system
Authors: Lee Yong-Chan , Sohn Hong-Bum , Park Young-Wook , Oh Ji-Hyeon
Published: March 2022

Background

Many studies on maintaining the condyle in a normal or anatomical position during orthognathic surgery have been conducted to stabilize surgical outcomes and prevent iatrogenic temporomandibular joint complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in condylar positions after orthognathic surgery using virtual surgical planning via the balanced orthognathic surgery (BOS) system.

Methods

Postoperative changes in condylar position were retrospectively evaluated in 22 condyles of 11 patients with skeletal class III malocclusion who underwent orthognathic surgery using virtual surgical planning via the BOS system. The center point coordinates of the condylar head before and after orthognathic surgery were analyzed using voxel-based registration.

Results

Changes in the condylar position mainly occurred downward in the y-axis (−1.09 ± 0.62 mm) (P < 0.05). The change in the x-axis (0.02 ± 0.68 mm) and z-axis (0.01 ± 0.48 mm) showed no significant difference between before and after orthognathic surgery.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the changes in the condylar positions after orthognathic surgery using virtual surgical planning via the BOS system mainly occurred downward in the y-axis, with slight changes in the x- and z-axes. The change in the condylar position after orthognathic surgery using the BOS system is clinically acceptable.
Frankly, we do give a damn: improving patient outcomes with swearing
Authors: Washmuth Nicholas B. , Stephens Richard
Published: March 2022

Background

Words can change the way a patient thinks, feels, and performs. Swearing, or uttering a word that is considered taboo, is an often-ignored part of our language, even though over 50% of the population swears “sometimes” or “often”. If used correctly, within a biopsychosocial approach to care, swearing has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.

Discussion

Swearing can create tighter human bonds and enhance the therapeutic alliance between a patient and a physical therapist. Improvements in social pain, physical pain tolerance, and physical pain threshold can occur by strategic swearing by our patients. Even physical performance measures, such as power and force could be enhanced if patients swear.

Conclusion

Although the mechanism by which swearing is effective is unclear, swearing deserves attention in the physical therapy setting based on evidence indicating potential positive effects on patient outcomes.
One-lung ventilation using a laryngeal mask airway and bronchial blocker in a patient with vocal cord cancer: a case report
Authors: Takechi Kenichi , Sanki Yoko , Abe Kei , Shimizu Ichiro
Published: March 2022

Background

One-lung ventilation is a standard technique for thoracic anesthesia. Usually, one-lung ventilation requires a large-bore tracheal tube. Therefore, in patients with vocal cord morbidity, it is challenging to achieve one-lung ventilation while preventing the damage of vocal cord lesions.

Case presentation

A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with vocal cord cancer and lung tumor. One-lung ventilation with a combination of a laryngeal mask airway and bronchial blocker was planned to avoid unexpected vocal cord injury. After securing the airway with a laryngeal mask airway, a bronchial blocker was placed under fiberscope guidance. The bronchial blocker passed through a position far enough from the vocal cord lesion. The bronchial blocker provided a clear view of the operative field. The patient’s perioperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions

When one-lung ventilation is required for patients with vocal cord lesions, a combination of a laryngeal mask airway and bronchial blocker is considered a good option.
Simulation of tectonic stress field and prediction of tectonic fractures in shale reservoirs: A case study of the Ansai area in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Wu Yunfei , Liu Chenglin , Zang Qibiao , Awan Rizwan Sarwar , Li Guoxiong , Wu Yuping , Yang Xiya , Lu Zhendong
Published: March 2022

The Chang 7 oil-bearing layers from the Ansai area of the Ordos Basin are abundant in oil and gas resources. These layers are chiefly comprised of shales interbedded with tight sandstone. In the regions where the exploration level is relatively low and the structures are gentle in the Ansai area, the distribution of fractures in shale reservoirs and tight sandstone reservoirs is significant for predicting sweet spots and determining the success rate of hydraulic fracturing. In this research, the results acquired from the scanning electron microscope (SEM), cores, thin sections, and image logging determined the developmental characteristics of fractures. Moreover, the Himalayan stress field was modeled using ANSYS, whereas the two-factor method is used to predict the distribution of tectonic fracture by combining stress field and fracture criterion. The results indicate a gradually decreasing trend of the maximum principal stress from east to west. The minimum principal stress in the western part is less than that in the eastern part. The differential stress that can indicate the degree of tectonic deformation ranges from 17 Mpa to 25 MPa. The fracture density ranges from 0 strip/m to 1.5 strip/m. In addition, the areas with more fractures are mainly located in the western and southeastern parts, where shale oil is relatively rich. Similarly, the comparison of different maps illustrates that the distribution of tectonic fracture is related to mechanical parameters and stress fields.
Natural History of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Amplified and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Wild-Type Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in US Clinical Practice
Authors: Schröder Carsten , Gower-Page Craig , Reyes-Rivera Irmarie , Patel Arisha , Price Richard , Sen Shiraj , Davies Jessica , Castellanos Emily , Snider Jeremy , Bai Xiaobo , Fisher Virginia , Mhatre Shivani K.
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE

The molecular heterogeneity of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) presents a therapeutic challenge, with few trials focused on patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification (HER2-Amp). Our limited understanding of real-world patterns and outcomes by HER2 status of treatment-refractory patients leaves treatment decisions with little contextual information. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to describe the natural disease history of patients with refractory mCRC using an electronic health record–derived database with oncogenomic information.

METHODS

We included patients with stage IV or recurrent mCRC diagnosed from January 2011 through December 2019 from a deidentified clinicogenomic database. Patients with ≥ 2 documented clinic visits, ≥ 2 lines of therapy (LOT) after mCRC diagnosis, and comprehensive genomic profiling were eligible. Patient records defined by treatment-refractory LOT were allocated to the HER2-Amp or HER2 wild-type (WT) cohort on the basis of comprehensive genomic profiling. Index date was defined as the start of any treatment-refractory LOT (≥ 2 LOT; patients could contribute multiple records). Descriptive statistics included demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments, laboratory values, and biomarkers. Overall survival (OS) was calculated as time (in months) from the index date until death from any cause and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the primary findings.

RESULTS

A total of 576 patients were included (1,339 records); 63 (158 records) were HER2-Amp, and 513 (1,181 records) were HER2-WT. Demographics, clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and laboratory values were comparable between HER2 cohorts. OS was similar, with an unadjusted median OS of 11.2 months (95% CI, 8.6 to 15.1) and 9.9 months (95% CI, 8.3 to 10.9) across LOT for HER2-Amp and HER2-WT cohorts, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study showed considerable treatment heterogeneity and poor outcomes among patients with treatment-refractory mCRC, emphasizing a substantial unmet therapeutic need.
Role of lncRNA TUG1 in Adenomyosis and its Regulatory Mechanism in Endometrial Epithelial Cell Functions
Authors: Yuan Bo , Wang Wuliang , Zhao Hu , Wang Lijun
Published: March 2022

Objective

Adenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder that can cause pelvic pain. The regulatory role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AM progression has been widely reported. This study investigated the effect and mechanism of lncRNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) on endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) in AM.

Methods

Endometrial tissues of AM patients and controls were collected. A murine model of AM was established by tamoxifen induction. TUG1 expression in endometrial tissues of AM patients and mice was determined. In vivo, the effect of TUG1 on AM mice was measured through H&E staining, Masson’s staining, uterine weight, and estradiol concentration. EECs isolated from AM patients were transfected with sh-TUG1. In vitro, the effect of TUG1 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis of EECs was evaluated by CCK8, colony formation, immunofluorescence, wound healing, and Transwell assays. The binding relationship among TUG1, E2F4, and KLF5 was confirmed using RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. A function rescue experiment was designed to verify the effect of KLF5 on EECs.

Results

TUG1 expression was elevated in AM mice and patients. Downregulation of TUG1 promoted the recovery of AM mice. Downregulation of TUG1 suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and angiogenesis of EECs. Mechanically, TUG1 suppressed KLF5 transcription by binding to E2F4. Downregulation of KLF5 reversed the inhibitory effect of TUG1 silencing on the functions of EECs.

Conclusion

TUG1 expression was elevated in AM, and TUG1 facilitated proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and angiogenesis of EECs via E2F4/KLF5, thereby aggravating AM.
Effect of a Musical Intervention During the Implantation of a Central Venous Catheter or a Dialysis Catheter in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Jacquier Sophie , Nay Mai-Anh , Muller Grégoire , Muller Lucie , Mathonnet Armelle , Lefèvre-Benzekri Dalila , Bretagnol Anne , Barbier François , Kamel Toufik , Runge Isabelle , Skarzynski Marie , Sauvage Brice , Boulain Thierry
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

Listening to music may reduce anxiety during medical procedures. However, the magnitude of any effect may differ with respect to patient and procedure. We evaluated the effect of a musical intervention on patient anxiety during a central venous catheter or dialysis catheter implantation in an intensive care unit.

METHODS:

A prospective single-center controlled open-label 2-arm randomized trial was conducted in a medical intensive care unit (ICU) from February 2018 to February 2019. Patients undergoing central venous catheterization were randomized to listening to music or not during the procedure. Patients randomized to music listened to the Music Care application via headphones. The primary outcome was the change in anxiety assessed on a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale between the beginning and end of the catheterization procedure. Secondary outcomes included postprocedural pain.

RESULTS:

We included 37 patients in the musical intervention group and 35 in the standard care group. The primary reasons for intensive care unit admission were the need for a central catheter for chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy and sepsis and/or septic shock in both groups. Postprocedural anxiety and pain assessments were missing in 1 (2.7%) and 4 (11.4%) patients in the intervention and standard care groups. We found no between-group difference in change in anxiety score: median −1 (interquartile range, −3 to 0) vs 0 (−3 to 0) in the musical intervention and standard care groups (median difference, −1 [−2 to 0]) (P = .24). Postprocedural pain score did not differ between the groups: median 0 (0–2) and 0 (0–3.75) in the musical intervention and standard care groups (median difference, −0 [0–0]) (P = .40). To account for missing outcome assessments, sensitivity analyses were performed using 2 extreme scenarios, one favoring the standard care group (scenario 1) and the other favoring the intervention group (scenario 2). In either scenario, change in anxiety score did not differ between the intervention and standard care groups: −1 (−3 to 0) vs 0 (−4 to 0) (P = .88) in scenario 1 and −1 (−3 to 0) vs 0 (−2.75 to 1) (P = .07) in scenario 2.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this first randomized pilot study of musical intervention for central venous catheterization in awake patients in the intensive care unit, the musical intervention did not reduce patients’ anxiety as compared with usual care.
Pro-Con Debate: Prehospital Blood Transfusion—Should It Be Adopted for Civilian Trauma?
Authors: Dudaryk Roman , Heim Catherine , Ruetzler Kurt , Pivalizza Evan G.
Published: March 2022

Exsanguination is the leading cause of death in severely injured patients; nevertheless, prehospital blood transfusion (PHT) remains a controversial topic. Here, we review the pros and cons of PHT, which is now routine in treatment of military trauma patients in the civilian setting. While PHT may improve survival in those who suffer blunt injury or require prolonged transport from the site of injury, PHT for civilian trauma generally is not supported by high-quality evidence. This article was originally presented as a pro-con debate at the 2020 meeting of the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care.
Identifying a Novel Critical Access Difficulty Factor in Percutaneous Radiofrequency Rhizotomy for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Pterygoid Process Ridge
Authors: Wang Zhengming , Cheng Min , Su Xu , Li Kai , Wang Guan , Gao Yufei , Du Chao , Tian Yu
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:

Percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy (PSR) is an ablative procedure for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The anatomic structures that pass through, or around, the foramen ovale (FO) play vital roles in the success rate of PSR. The presence of a variant pterygoid process ridge (PPR) obscuring the FO renders the cannulation procedure difficult but had not been described in the literature before.

OBJECTIVE:

To identify the variations of the PPR to assess cannulation difficulty.

METHODS:

Fifty seven FOs of 57 patients with TN (TN group) and 438 FOs of 232 patients without TN (non-TN group) were analyzed using 3-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction images of cranial bases. Three-dimensional printer models were also used for TN patients with PPR-obscured FOs. Measurements were obtained for shape, size, and morphometric variability effect on cannulation.

RESULTS:

We identified 5 PPR-obscured FOs (8.8%) in the TN group and 32 FOs (7.3%) in the non-TN group. In the TN group, the transverse diameter obstruction ranged from 19.2% to 39.7% in 4 patients, and 1 case was 100%. Of particular note, approximately one-quarter to one-third of FO preset targets were affected by PPR.

CONCLUSION:

A PPR-obscured FO represents a new confounding factor in the conduct of PSR. Confirming the PPR-obscured FO is a critical step in improving the effectiveness of puncture target presetting, ie, evaluating the target with actual FO data is an improvement over the use of surgical view FO data. Discernment of the PPR can improve the success rate of difficult-to-access FO punctures, thereby rendering PSR more effective.
Regenerating vascular mural cells in zebrafish fin blood vessels are not derived from pre-existing mural cells and differentially require Pdgfrb signalling for their development
Authors: Leonard Elvin V. , Figueroa Ricardo J. , Bussmann Jeroen , Lawson Nathan D. , Amigo Julio D. , Siekmann Arndt F.
Published: March 2022

Vascular networks comprise endothelial cells and mural cells, which include pericytes and smooth muscle cells. To elucidate the mechanisms controlling mural cell recruitment during development and tissue regeneration, we studied zebrafish caudal fin arteries. Mural cells colonizing arteries proximal to the body wrapped around them, whereas those in more distal regions extended protrusions along the proximo-distal vascular axis. Both cell populations expressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (pdgfrb) and the smooth muscle cell marker myosin heavy chain 11a (myh11a). Most wrapping cells in proximal locations additionally expressed actin alpha2, smooth muscle (acta2). Loss of Pdgfrb signalling specifically decreased mural cell numbers at the vascular front. Using lineage tracing, we demonstrate that precursor cells located in periarterial regions and expressing Pgdfrb can give rise to mural cells. Studying tissue regeneration, we did not find evidence that newly formed mural cells were derived from pre-existing cells. Together, our findings reveal conserved roles for Pdgfrb signalling in development and regeneration, and suggest a limited capacity of mural cells to self-renew or contribute to other cell types during tissue regeneration.
The Blimp-1 transcription factor acts in non-neuronal cells to regulate terminal differentiation of the Drosophila eye
Authors: Wang Hongsu , Morrison Carolyn A. , Ghosh Neha , Tea Joy S. , Call Gerald B. , Treisman Jessica E.
Published: March 2022

The formation of a functional organ such as the eye requires specification of the correct cell types and their terminal differentiation into cells with the appropriate morphologies and functions. Here, we show that the zinc-finger transcription factor Blimp-1 acts in secondary and tertiary pigment cells in the Drosophila retina to promote the formation of a bi-convex corneal lens with normal refractive power, and in cone cells to enable complete extension of the photoreceptor rhabdomeres. Blimp-1 expression depends on the hormone ecdysone, and loss of ecdysone signaling causes similar differentiation defects. Timely termination of Blimp-1 expression is also important, as its overexpression in the eye has deleterious effects. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that Blimp-1 regulates the expression of many structural and secreted proteins in the retina. Blimp-1 may function in part by repressing another transcription factor; Slow border cells is highly upregulated in the absence of Blimp-1, and its overexpression reproduces many of the effects of removing Blimp-1. This work provides insight into the transcriptional networks and cellular interactions that produce the structures necessary for visual function.
Establishment and characterization of equine mammary organoids using a method translatable to other non-traditional model species
Authors: Bartlett Arianna P. , Harman Rebecca M. , Weiss Jennifer R. , Van de Walle Gerlinde R.
Published: March 2022

Mammary organoid (MaO) models are only available for a few traditional model organisms, limiting our ability to investigate mammary gland development and cancer across mammals. This study established equine mammary organoids (EqMaOs) from cryopreserved mammary tissue, in which mammary tissue fragments were isolated and embedded into a 3D matrix to produce EqMaOs. We evaluated viability, proliferation and budding capacity of EqMaOs at different time points during culture, showing that although the number of proliferative cells decreased over time, viability was maintained and budding increased. We further characterized EqMaOs based on expression of stem cell, myoepithelial and luminal markers, and found that EqMaOs expressed these markers throughout culture and that a bilayered structure as seen in vivo was recapitulated. We used the milk-stimulating hormone prolactin to induce milk production, which was verified by the upregulation of milk proteins, most notably β-casein. Additionally, we showed that our method is also applicable to additional non-traditional mammalian species, particularly domesticated animals such as cats, pigs and rabbits. Collectively, MaO models across species will be a useful tool for comparative developmental and cancer studies.
Platelet-derived microvesicles regulate vascular smooth muscle cell energy metabolism via PRKAA after intimal injury
Authors: Yan Jing , Fan Yang-Jing , Bao Han , Li Yong-Guang , Zhang Shou-Min , Yao Qing-Ping , Huo Yun-Long , Jiang Zong-Lai , Qi Ying-Xin , Han Yue
Published: March 2022

Vascular intimal injury initiates various cardiovascular disease processes. Exposure to subendothelial collagen can cause platelet activation, leading to collagen-activated platelet-derived microvesicles (aPMVs) secretion. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to large amounts of aPMVs undergo abnormal energy metabolism; they proliferate excessively and migrate after the loss of endothelium, eventually contributing to neointimal hyperplasia. However, the roles of aPMVs in VSMC energy metabolism are still unknown. Our carotid artery intimal injury model indicated that platelets adhered to injured blood vessels. In vitro, phosphorylated Pka (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) content was increased in aPMVs. We also found that aPMVs significantly reduced VSMC glycolysis and increased oxidative phosphorylation, and promoted VSMC migration and proliferation by upregulating phosphorylated PRKAA (α catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase) and phosphorylated FoxO1. Compound C, an inhibitor of PRKAA, effectively reversed the enhancement of cellular function and energy metabolism triggered by aPMVs in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo. We show that aPMVs can affect VSMC energy metabolism through the Pka-PRKAA-FoxO1 signaling pathway and this ultimately affects VSMC function, indicating that the shift in VSMC metabolic phenotype by aPMVs can be considered a potential target for the inhibition of hyperplasia. This provides a new perspective for regulating the abnormal activity of VSMCs after injury.
Estimation of Covid-19 lungs damage based on computer tomography images analysis
Authors: Schätz Martin , Rubešová Olga , Mareš Jan , Girsa David , Spark Alan
Published: March 2022

Modern treatment is based on reproducible quantitative analysis of available data. The Covid-19 pandemic did accelerate development and research in several multidisciplinary areas. One of them is the use of software tools for faster and reproducible patient data evaluation. A CT scan can be invaluable for a search of details, but it is not always easy to see the big picture in 3D data. Even in the visual analysis of CT slice by slice can inter and intra variability makes a big difference. We present an ImageJ tool developed together with the radiology center of Faculty hospital Královské Vinohrady for CT evaluation of patients with COVID-19. The tool was developed to help estimate the percentage of lungs affected by the infection. The patients can be divided into five groups based on percentage score and proper treatment can be applied
Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda
Authors: GIDUDU SAMUEL , Nakavuma Jesca , Muhanguzi Dennis , Mutebi Francis , Itabangi Herbert , Iramiot Jacob
Published: March 2022

Background: The study aimed at determining the predictive values of Widal’s test against culture and the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) isolates from patients attending private health facilities in Mbale city, Uganda.

Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study in which 172 participants were recruited. Blood and stool samples collected were cultured; and to each stool sample the following tests were done; Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Salmonella Shigella agar (SSA), and MacConkey. Isolates suggestive for S. typhi were examined with triple sugar iron (TSI) and SIM (Sulphur, indole, and motile) and antibiotic sensitivity test (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Augmentin for sensitivity testing) conducted with Mueller Hinton respectively. Generated data was entered into the Epidemiological information (Epi Info) software (version 7) and analyzed using the contingency table to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value. The analysis was then presented in form of graphs and tables.

Results: The positive predictive value (PPV) for Widal’s test was 6.8% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. Three isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (3, 100%) and Imipenem (3, 100%), intermediate to Ceftriaxone (2, 67%) and resistant to Chloramphenicol (2, 67%) and Augmentin (2, 67%).

Conclusion: In comparison with culture, Widal’s test is highly sensitive (100%) with a low specificity of 76% and PPV (6.8%) and NPV (100%). It should therefore be followed up with a more specific confirmatory test. S. typhi was highly sensitive to both Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem; and resistant Chloramphenicol and Augmentin.
Tongue+ protocol for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea in Quirónsalud Marbella hospital
Authors: Rodriguez-Alcalá Laura , Ignacio-García JM , Serrano Angulo Maria Soledad , Casado Morente Juan Carlos , Benjumea Flores Felipe , O'Connor-Reina Carlos
Published: March 2022

Background: Myofunctional therapy has been shown to be effective in treating sleep-disordered breathing. The elaboration of this protocol arises with the purpose of establishing a complete and common evaluation of sleep respiratory disorders from the point of view of the anatomy and functionality of the upper airway to guarantee the long-term treatment of the different phenotypes of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).

Our multidisciplinary unit has an experience of more than 10 years in treating OSA patients and has numerous recent publications focused on the role of myofunctional therapy.

Methods: The evaluation of the patient with obstructive sleep apnoea is carried out jointly by the medical team of Pulmonology and Otorhinolaryngology of the Sleep Unit. The patients undergo an anatomical and motor tone evaluation of the upper airway to find the cause of the collapse and a sleep study to confirm the diagnosis and its severity.

Conclusions: With this protocol we want to present our clinical experience in the comprehensive diagnostic management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea and provide the most correct treatment among the different therapeutic options available for sleep apnea.
To other new educational ways for interdisciplinary cooperation and innovation: about a student-driven hackathon
Authors: Ribault Shams , Bessaguet Hugo , Ardaillon Hugo , Rousson Guillaume , Nivesse Damien , Fareh Tasnim , Malishchuk Anne-Sophie , Milot Alicia , Eklu Baptiste , Seguin Perrine , Rode Gilles
Published: March 2022

Background: Innovation in healthcare cannot be conceived without an interdisciplinary approach. Hackathons are an innovative approach to promote team working and demonstrated an interest in higher education through inquiry-based learning. An interdisciplinary team of students and young professionals organized the first hybrid presential and online neurorehabilitation hackathon, within the joined 2020 WCNR-SOFMER congress, adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Interdisciplinary teams worked during two days on concrete issues met by people with a disability and their caregivers, accompanied by multi-skilled mentors to create tangible solutions. An independent jury selected the winning project.

Results: HRL met the expectations of 96% of the 31 participants. They reported better knowledge and ability about teamwork, ethics, and patient-centered approaches.

Conclusions: HRL allowed the creation of a strong interdisciplinary and international network which will be valuable to foster innovation. It demonstrated its value in the junior and students’ training for teamwork, communication, creativity in innovation, and ethics in health.
Diversity of the EPT complex (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) in the Western and Eastern Ghats (South India) caused by the variations of landscape elements and mesohabitats
Authors: Sivaruban Thambiratnam , Barathy Sivaruban , Venkataraman Krishnaswamy , Arunachalam Muthukumarasamy , Srinivasan Pandiarajan
Published: March 2022

The present study was carried out in 27 streams of the southern part of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats from January to December 2018. The outcomes show that there is an increase in the percentage of Ephemeroptera (71%) in the first order and there was a negligible fall in the abundance of the fourth-ordered stream. LSE results show a gradual increase of Plecoptera and a gradual decrease of Trichoptera and no such variations in Ephemeroptera. Variations in mesohabitat richness were highest in the run (38.38%) and it was lowest in silt (0.5%). To compare the taxa composition in Western and Eastern Ghats taxa, five different types of river basins were classified. The species richness and abundance were higher in Tampiraparani East flowing and Vamanapuram River basin communities (Western Ghats) than in the Eastern Ghats and this shows mega diversity of Western Ghats compared to the Eastern Ghats. The results of both cluster and ordination analysis also strongly support the discrimination between Western and Eastern Ghats diversity and distribution of EPT taxa.
The microbial qualities of ready-to-eat sold processed mussel products
Authors: Kafa Bülent , Kılınç Berna
Published: March 2022

In this study, the total of 180 fried and 180 stuffed mussel samples from the different districts of Bornova in different seasons were sold and examined. While none of the specimens of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae were found, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in 11 (24.4%) of 45 mussel stuffed samples examined in summer and 3 (6.7%) of 45 samples examined in autumn. In the stuffed mussel samples, V. parahaemolyticus was not found in winter and spring, while it was found in summer and autumn. Salmonella spp. was found in 14 (3.8%) of the 360 processed mussel samples and Listeria monocytogenes in 11 (3.1%). No pathogenic bacteria were detected in any of the fried mussel samples examined. As a result, it is always necessary to keep in mind that stuffed mussel can be risk for human health since it was found that it contained pathogenic bacteria, especially in the summer and in the autumn months. For this reason, it has become necessary to tighten the inspections especially in the summer and autumn months, where mussels are processed and sold.
Extraction of protein from fresh rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) viscera and smoked trout trimmings using commercial enzymes
Authors: Polat Abdurrahman , Tokur Bahar , Buga Hakan
Published: March 2022

In the current investigation, fresh trout viscera and smoked trout trimmings were enzymatically extracted using papain, alcalase, protamex, and flavourzyme. Protein extraction was performed at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and times (30 minute, 1 hour and 4 hours). The moisture, crude protein, lipid and crude ash contents of trout viscera used as raw materials, in the study, were respectively found as 60.26±0.78%, 12.18±0.21%, 31.18±0.36% and 1.33±0.07%, while these values in smoked trout trimmings were determined as 54.53±0.93%, 18.39±0.13%, 17.71 ± 1.06% and 8.50±0.13%, respectively. Following the conclusion of the study, protein content (g protein/100 g waste) and Protein Recovery Rate (PRR, %) in liquid protein hydrolysate extracted from trout viscera and smoked trout trimmings were found to be significantly affected by enzyme type, enzyme concentration, and extraction time. The results showed that the flavourzyme, followed by the protamex, produced the highest protein content (g protein/100 g waste) and PRR (%) in the liquid protein hydrolysate extracted from trout viscera. Furthermore, the protamex, followed by the flavourzyme, was shown to have the highest protein content (g protein /100 g waste) and PRR (%) in the liquid protein hydrolysate extracted from smoked trout trimmings.
Occurrence of the silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), from Iskenderun Bay, northeast Levant Sea
Authors: Ergüden Deniz , Kabasakal Hakan , Kambur Hidayet
Published: March 2022

An immature male specimen of Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839) was caught by a commercial long-liner off Samandağ coast (Iskenderun Bay, northeastern Levant Sea, Turkey), on 2nd of November, 2021. This record is the fourth observation of this species in Turkey. Monitoring the coastal occurrences of the silky shark throughout its distribution range is critical, where the species is considered as very rare.
The intellectual system of movies recommendations based on the collaborative filtering
Authors: Sitkar Stepan , Voitovych Oksana , Horbatiuk Roman , Sitkar Taras , Shrol Tetiana , Poliukhovych Nataliia , Grygus Igor , Zukow Walery
Published: March 2022

The investigation deals with designing and developing of intellectual system of movies recommendations  based on the collaborative filtering using the Python software environment. In particular, the approaches (Content-based approach, Collaborative filtering, Hybrid models) in recommendatory system construction with the help of neural networks have been analyzed. It has been established that it is difficult to implement and learn the Content-based approach and it strongly depends on the subject area. Collaborative filtering is more simple in implementation, training, it is universal, but it has a flaw in the form of a «cold-start». Accordingly, the collaborative filtering has been chosen for the design and development of the intellectual system of movies recommendations. While designing a system of recommendations based on collaborative filtering, the Naive Recommendations, Recommendations based on average ratings of similar users, Recommendations based on average user ratings and similarity matrix have been described; their algorithm and their implementation using the Python software environment have been demonstrated. As a result the intellectual system of recommendations has been realized and it can offer a movie to the user according to his/her preferences.
Jurisdicción ‘ratione personae’: las empresas estatales ante el arbitraje de inversión
Authors: Leon Robayo Édgar Iván , Botello León Valentina , Reina Arango Andrés Felipe
Published: March 2022

Al regular la jurisdicción del Centro, el artículo 25 del Convenio del CIADI, determina la dimensión subjetiva de las controversias, limitándolas, exclusivamente, a aquellas que tengan lugar entre un Estado y un nacional de otro Estado contratante. No obstante, como consecuencia del crecimiento exponencial de la inversión pública internacional a través de empresas estatales, se plantea un debate interesante respecto de la posibilidad de que estas entidades adquieran ius standi ante los tribunales arbitrales de inversión. Si bien, a partir del denominado “test de Broches” los árbitros han permitido su comparecencia, es necesario establecer criterios adecuados y precisos que permitan clarificar la competencia ratione personae de los tribunales arbitrales de inversión en las controversias que involucren a las empresas estatales.
El conflicto entre las comunidades locales y el arbitraje internacional de inversión en proyectos extractivos en América Latina: la problemática y algunas de sus causas
Authors: Gómez Moreno Juan Pablo
Published: March 2022

La oposición de las comunidades locales a proyectos extractivos en América Latina se ha convertido en una tendencia importante del arbitraje de inversión. Debido a las decisiones que los tribunales arbitrales han tomado en estos casos, este asunto se ha planteado como un conflicto entre comunidades locales y arbitraje de inversión. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer algunas causas de este conflicto. Para esto, el texto desarrolla causas provenientes tanto de una lectura antropológica del conflicto como de ciertas características del sistema de protección de inversiones. De esta forma, se concluye que estas tensiones surgen de una diferencia de perspectivas entre los actores y que las tendencias recientes en el arbitraje de inversión podrían sentar las bases para resolverlas.
VeRoViz: A Vehicle Routing Visualization Toolkit
Authors: Peng Lan , Murray Chase
Published: March 2022

VeRoViz is an open-source vehicle routing visualization package consisting of both Python and web-based components. It was developed to streamline the workflow for vehicle routing researchers by simplifying and automating many of the tedious tasks associated with generating realistic test problems. VeRoViz also provides new functionality to produce customizable visualizations of complex vehicle routing problems. These visualization tools—including Gantt charts, static maps, and dynamic 3-D videos—assist researchers in validating models and communicating results. Additionally, a comprehensive collection of utility functions within VeRoViz provides researchers with useful tools to assess features of their problems. This paper provides an overview of VeRoViz and highlights the flexibility and ease-of-use of the toolkit.

Summary of Contribution: This paper describes an open-source software package designed to assist vehicle routing researchers. The software package, named VeRoViz (vehicle routing visualization), streamlines the process of collecting and visualizing data relevant to vehicle routing research. This includes capturing road network travel times (and distances) between locations, displaying turn-by-turn vehicle routes, generating Gantt charts of vehicle assignments, and producing 3-D “movies” of vehicle routing solutions. The VeRoViz suite consists of three components. First, a web-based interface allows researchers (and instructors) to quickly “sketch” elements of a vehicle routing problem, providing visual representations of nodes and arcs on a map. Second, the VeRoViz Python package provides an extensive collection of functions that assist operations researchers in collecting data and displaying solutions. Finally, an HTML/JavaScript plugin is available for displaying time-dynamic 3-D visualization of vehicle routes. VeRoViz is not a vehicle routing solver; it is a software suite that complements and supports researchers who are developing solution approaches to increasingly realistic vehicle routing problems (e.g., problems related to drone delivery, electric vehicles, or dynamic delivery requests).
Convergent Nested Alternating Minimization Algorithms for Nonconvex Optimization Problems
Authors: Gur Eyal , Sabach Shoham , Shtern Shimrit
Published: March 2022

We introduce a new algorithmic framework for solving nonconvex optimization problems, that is called nested alternating minimization, which aims at combining the classical alternating minimization technique with inner iterations of any optimization method. We provide a global convergence analysis of the new algorithmic framework to critical points of the problem at hand, which to the best of our knowledge, is the first of this kind for nested methods in the nonconvex setting. Central to our global convergence analysis is a new extension of classical proof techniques in the nonconvex setting that allows for errors in the conditions. The power of our framework is illustrated with some numerical experiments that show the superiority of this algorithmic framework over existing methods.

Funding: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 800240] and the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 2480/21].
The modern CISO: where marketing meets security
Authors: Short Alice , Carandang Roland
Published: March 2022

Chief information security officers (CISOs) have evolved from technical experts to become business leaders in their own right. They are building relationships and developing strong marketing and communication skills to influence others, and their storytelling is also bringing them closer to the board at a time when cyber security needs to be clearly and simply understood. As a result, CISOs are working differently with their teams, inviting them to look at the bigger picture and consider the real-world impact of projects, and acting as stewards, advisers, mentors and coaches.
Modern Functional Statistical Analysis: Application to Air Pollutant in London Marylebone Road
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia, Alamer Mona Zayed M. , Fetitah Omar ,   Laboratory of Statistics and Stochastic Processes, University of Djillali Liabes BP 89, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria, Almanjahie Ibrahim M. ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia,   Statistical Research and Studies Support Unit, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia, Attouch Mohammed Kadi ,   Laboratory of Statistics and Stochastic Processes, University of Djillali Liabes BP 89, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
Published: March 2022

Air pollution in developed countries has a significant impact on people’s lives. It has arisen and manifested itself by the high levels of smoke produced by industries or traffic, forcing authorities to search mechanisms to better control air quality in real-time. Notably, the air pollution levels in London exceed legal and World Health Organisation limits. For example, in 2010, air pollution caused a range of health problems in the capital and representing an economic cost of up to £3.7 billion. In this paper, we consider the daily curve of the concentration of the previous gases collected by the Marylebone road monitoring site in London (contains the hourly measurements taken during the two years 2017 and 2018 for the following four variables: Ozone (O3), Nitric Oxides (NO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)). Our main objective is to look for the best forecast models for air pollutant concentration. For this purpose, we develop a new procedure to analyze palling gas data in real-time. More precisely, we use the recent mathematical statistics tools to investigate the relationship between the palling gases such as ozone, nitric oxides, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. Specifically, we use functional models like classical functional regression, robust functional regression, and functional relative error regression with kernel and local linear approaches to predict the maximum concentration of air pollutant gases quantities. We show that our prediction approaches’ accuracy is closely linked to the choice of the regression model and the input variables (or the covariates). In particular, the data analysis shows the efficiency and superiority of the nonparametric regression model compared to the other models when the regressors are NO2 and SO2.
Qualitative Characterization of Astringent and De-astringed Intact ‘Xichu’ Persimmon Fruit Using VIS/SWNIR and Chemometrics
Authors:   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Hemrattrakun Phuangphet ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Boonyakiat Danai ,   Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of the Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Nakano Kazuhiro ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Ohashi Shintaroh ,   Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan, Maniwara Phonkrit ,   Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kittiwachana Sila ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Theanjumpol Parichat ,   Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Ministry of the Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand,   Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: March 2022

Astringency removal is considered as a key process before commercialize persimmon cv. ‘Xichu’, due to its high content of soluble tannins. Application of carbon dioxide treatment effective in removing astringency and widely used as a commercial postharvest practice for astringent persimmon fruit. The aim of this research is study to the application of visible and shortwave near infrared (VIS/SWNIR) spectroscopy in the spectral data of 400-1100 nm to discriminate astringent (A) and de-astringed (DA) fruit non-destructively based on the sensorial perception as 0.10% soluble tannin of fresh weight. The highest classifi cation accuracy score was obtained from QDA model combined with 2D preprocessing technique as 98.99% in the external validation set. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be considered as a non-destructive analytical method to monitoring the effectiveness of the astringency removal treatment in ‘Xichu’ persimmon fruit.
Eff ect of CO2 Concentration on Growth, CO2 Fixation, and Biochemical Composition of the Microalga Nannochloropsis oculata
Authors:   Program in Fisheries Science, Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Ruangsomboon Suneerat , Chonudomkul Duenrut ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
Published: March 2022

The green marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is rich in biochemicals and well known as a suitable source for dietary supplements and biodiesel feedstock. This study investigated the effects of CO2 supplementation on N. oculata in terms of its biomass, biochemical composition, CO2 fi xation, and biodiesel qualities. Microalgae were cultivated in f/2 medium supplied with CO2 at 0.04-6%. The culture supplemented with 6% CO2 produced the highest biomass (1.64±0.04 g L−1) and contents of carotenoids (0.93±0.00 μg g−1), lipids (47.68± 2.80%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 28.45 mg g−1 biomass), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22.43 mg g−1 biomass); it also demonstrated the highest CO2 fi xation rate (74.62±2.55 kg m−3y−1) and provided an algal oil with desirable biodiesel qualities, specifi cally high cetane (52.27-53.50) and low iodine (75.91-82.15 g I2 100 g−1) values meeting the biodiesel specifi cations established by standards in the US (ASTM D6751) and Europe (EN 14214). In sum, CO2 supplementation during N. oculata cultivation enhanced its production of high-value biomolecules, making this algal species a good source for production of dietary supplements and biodiesel.