bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning-based Decision Support System for classification of COVID-19 and Pneumonia patients
Authors: Khan Misha Urooj , Saeed Zubair , Raza Ali , Abbasi Zeeshan , Ali Syeda Zuriat-e-Zehra , Khan Hareem
Published: April 2022

The fast spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) poses a huge risk to people all around the world. Recently, COVID-19 testing kits have been unavailable due to rise in effected people and large demand of tests. Keeping the urgency of the situation in mind, an automatic diagnosis method for early detection of COVID-19 is needed. The proposed deep learning decision support system (DSS) for COVID-19 employs MobileNet v2 Deep learning (DL) model for effective and accurate detection. Here we collected Cough auscultations through self-designed digital sensor. The primary experimental results show that the maximum accuracy for training is around 99.91%, and the maximum accuracy for validation is 98.61%, with 97.5% precision, 98.5%recall, and 98% F1-score. The Deep Learning-based model described here strives for similar performance to medical professionals and can help pulmonologist/radiologists increase their working productivity.
Mobilidades urbanas, redes digitais e ocupação da cidade: um estudo sobre os sistemas de bicicletas e patinetes compartilhados sem estações em São Paulo
Authors: Melo da Silva Dayana Karla , Souza Aguiar Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2022

A proliferação das mídias móveis e locativas transformou inúmeras práticas cotidianas, inclusive práticas ligadas às mobilidades urbanas. Com base nesse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é investigar o impacto dos sistemas de bicicletas e patinetes compartilhados sem estações na cidade de São Paulo. As técnicas e procedimentos metodológicos utilizados são: uso de dados extraídos de fontes secundárias, entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários dos sistemas, análise de imagens publicadas pelos usuários dos sistemas na rede social Instagram. Os primeiros resultados indicam que os sistemas investigados atuam na ocupação e ressignificação do espaço público de São Paulo ao sugerirem uma inflexão nas modalidades de deslocamento pela cidade. Todavia, com a pandemia da Covid-19, limitações e implicações socioespaciais e econômicas desses sistemas foram igualmente evidenciadas, de sorte que a análise empírica do fenômeno culmina na análise do seu surgimento, implementação e interrupção.
O poder técnico-informacional do Whatsapp em tempos de covid-19
Authors: Kraus Lalita , Meira Alan , Barbosa Matheus
Published: April 2022

O artigo apresenta o Whatsapp, enquanto meio técnico-informacional, passível de controle e instrumentalização política. O aplicativo é interpretado em sua dimensão sociotécnica a fim de compreender a dinâmica de produção e circulação de conteúdo textual. Para tanto, no início da pandemia acompanhamos no aplicativo 63 grupos bolsonaristas. A investigação revela um sofisticado mecanismo de controle sistemático da informação, que se manifesta pela natureza e pelas fontes das informações que circulam e que são compartilhadas com a ativa participação dos membros dos grupos. Operaria, assim, um tipo de poder mais sedutor que repressor, que mediante o apoio sociotécnico tornaria a racionalidade política populista mais sofisticada.
Aspectos da nidificação e forrageamento de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) nas dunas do médio São Francisco, Bahia
Authors: Neves Edinaldo Luz das , Silva Fabiana O. da , Teixeira Alex Fabian R. , Viana Blandina F.
Published: April 2022

Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) grisescens Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini) foi a espécie mais abundante do gênero, amostrada nas flores, em uma área das dunas do médio Rio São Francisco. A arquitetura de cinco ninhos de X. grisescens construídos em galhos de Capparis sp. (Capparaceae) foi descrita. O comprimento e o diâmetro dos substratos dos ninhos variaram de 68-87cm e 17-23cm, respectivamente. Cada ninho apresenta uma entrada circular com diâmetro médio de 15,95 ± 1,08mm (n=7). As células possuem a forma de barril com 2,40 ± 0,18cm de comprimento, 2,01 ± 0,11cm de diâmetro e 7,59 ± 0,79cm3 de volume. As divisórias entre as células possuem, em media, 3,49 ± 0,28mm de espessura (n=15) medida na borda a qual é um pouco mais espessa do que o centro. X. grisescens visitou 12 espécies de plantas de seis famílias, mas concentaram suas atividades em apenas quatro espécies que receberam 80% das visitas: Senna gardneri (Benth.) Irwin & Barneby (32%), S. macranthera (Collad.) Irwin & Barneby var. pudibunda (18%), Proterantha glandulosa sp. n. (15%) e Dioclea marginata Benth. (15%).
Efeito do substrato e da luminosidade na germinação de sementes de Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae)
Authors: Freitas Tanara Almeida de , Osuña Juan Tomás Ayala
Published: April 2022

Em virtude da importância medicinal da espécie Physalis angulata, faz-se necessário estudar o comportamento germinativo de suas sementes. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes substratos e luminosidades na germinação das sementes desta espécie. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem e velocidade de germinação nos tratamentos: Terra vegetal a 30% de luminosidade; Terra vegetal + Areia (1:1) a 30% de luminosidade; Terra vegetal a 50% de luminosidade; e Terravegetal + Areia (1:1) a 50% de luminosidade, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 22 com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. A germinação variou de 64% a 78% e as sementes mostraram-se indiferentes aos substratos, porém foi estimulada pela luminosidade de 50%. A luminosidade de 30% proporcionou atraso ao processo germinativo.
Establishing the correlation between changes of absolute rotation poles of major tectonic plates based on continuous GNSS stations data
Authors: Savchyn Ihor
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the work is to establish the correlation between the change of absolute rotation poles of major tectonic plates based on continuous GNSS stations data. The work investigates 2804 continuous GNSS stations located on Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Australian and South American plates during 2002-2021. The components of recent horizontal displacements of continuous GNSS stations have been determined and a map of their distribution pattern has been constructed. The absolute rotation pole in ITRF2014/IGS14 reference frame of the studied tectonic plates has been determined. The obtained values are in good agreement with modern plate models. The definition of average annual rotation poles has been developed and their analysis has been carried out to research the dynamics of their change in time. It has been established that the change in the average annual rotation poles of the North American, African and South American plates occurs synchronously, while their change is asynchronous to the Pacific plate. Simultaneous changes in the average annual rotation poles of Antarctic and African plates were have also been identified.
Teologização da política
Authors: Tostes Angelica
Published: April 2022

This article addresses the relationship between Hindu traditions and the Queer community. First, I seek to understand some elements of Hinduism in the dimensions of gender and sexuality. Then, I present the consequences of colonialism in India and its influences on Hindu religious thought regarding gender issues and point out which elements of postcolonial theory help in this struggle. I address the gender, caste, and nationalism dimensions of Hindutva ideology that dominate India even today, as these neoliberal policies capture the subjectivities, rights, and freedom of the Queer community.
Marx’s Social Capital Reproduction Model
Authors: Zhang Xian
Published: April 2022

The study on how Marx created the theory of social capital reproduction shows that this theory ranks among his original contributions to economics. In this theory, Marx’s analysis of Department II and the exchange relation reveals the conditions that capitalist reproduction must follow if it is to proceed smoothly. The fully indirect exchange process indicates that the capitalists’ individual consumption preferences, and changes in these preferences, are factors not only in determining capital accumulation but also in destroying the proportional relations of reproduction. Although Marx proposed the decomposition of Department II and made a theoretical analysis of the law of the simple reproduction of social capital after decomposition, he did not construct a complete model or make the same decomposition of the two major departments in the analysis of the reproduction of social capital on an extended scale. As a result, it is necessary to develop a technical supplement on the basis of Marx’s department decomposition principle, so as to cast light on the correctness of his theory of social capital reproduction and on the inevitability of capitalist reproduction crises.
Improved opposition-based self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm for vibrational hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering thermometry
Authors: Tian Ziyang , Zhao Huijie , Wei Haoyun , Tan Yidong , Li Yan
Published: April 2022

We propose an improved opposition-based self-adaptive differential evolution (IOSaDE) algorithm for multi-parameter optimization in vibrational hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) thermometry. This new algorithm self-adaptively combines the advantages of three mutation schemes and introduces two opposite population stages to avoid premature convergence. The probability of choosing each mutation scheme will be updated based on its previous performance after the first learning period. The IOSaDE method is compared with nine other traditional differential evolution (DE) methods in simulated spectra with different simulation parameters and experimental spectra at different probe time delays. In simulated spectra, both the average and standard deviation values of the final residuals from 20 consecutive trials using IOSaDE are more than two orders of magnitude smaller than those using other methods. Meanwhile, the fitting temperatures in simulated spectra using IOSaDE are all consistent with the target temperatures. In experimental spectra, the standard deviations of the fitting temperatures from 20 consecutive trials decrease more than four times by using IOSaDE, and the errors of the fitting temperatures also decrease more than 18%. The performance of the IOSaDE algorithm shows the ability to achieve accurate and stable temperature measurement in CARS thermometry and indicates the potential in applications where multiple parameters need to be considered.
Absorption, scattering, and optical turbulence in natural waters
Authors: Ata Yalçın , Korotkova Olga
Published: April 2022

The Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law characterizes attenuation of an optical plane wave resolved in terms of absorption and scattering of a medium it passes through. However, the optical turbulence present in a medium may also cause severe local attenuation in beam-like light fields. This study aims to incorporate the effects of absorption and scattering with that of optical turbulence in Earth’s natural waters. To do so, expression for the turbulence induced local attenuation coefficient is developed first for the on-axis position of the lowest-order Gaussian beam, being dependent on the source’s wavelength, width, and propagation distance. We present a comparison among turbulence, absorption, and scattering effects for different Jerlov water types. Our results show that underwater turbulence can cause attenuation quantitatively comparable to that of absorption. This study enables a direct comparison of absorption, scattering, and turbulence effects and will benefit the diagnostics of imaging, sensing, and communication systems operating underwater.
Space-time wave packets
Authors: Yessenov Murat , Hall Layton A. , Schepler Kenneth L. , Abouraddy Ayman F.
Published: April 2022

Space-time wave packets (STWPs) constitute a broad class of pulsed optical fields that are rigidly transported in linear media without diffraction or dispersion, and are therefore propagation-invariant in the absence of optical nonlinearities or waveguiding structures. Such wave packets exhibit unique characteristics, such as controllable group velocities in free space and exotic refractive phenomena. At the root of these behaviors is a fundamental feature underpinning STWPs: their spectra are not separable with respect to the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. Indeed, the spatiotemporal structure is endowed with non-differentiable angular dispersion, in which each spatial frequency is associated with a single prescribed wavelength. Furthermore, controlled deviation from this particular spatiotemporal structure yields novel behaviors that depart from propagation-invariance in a precise manner, such as acceleration with an arbitrary axial distribution of the group velocity, tunable dispersion profiles, and Talbot effects in space–time. Although the basic concept of STWPs has been known since the 1980s, only very recently has rapid experimental development emerged. These advances are made possible by innovations in spatiotemporal Fourier synthesis, thereby opening a new frontier for structured light at the intersection of beam optics and ultrafast optics. Furthermore, a plethora of novel spatiotemporally structured optical fields (such as flying-focus wave packets, toroidal pulses, and spatiotemporal optical vortices) are now providing a swath of surprising characteristics, ranging from tunable group velocities to transverse orbital angular momentum. We review the historical development of STWPs, describe the new experimental approaches for their efficient synthesis, and enumerate the various new results and potential applications for STWPs and other spatiotemporally structured fields, before casting an eye on a future roadmap for this field.
Sideband-free tunable and switchable dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser based on the Lyot filter and spontaneous radiation peaks
Authors: Tao Jianing , Fang Yu , Song Yuanqi , Song Pengye , Hou Lei , Lu Baole , Lin Qimeng , Bai Jintao
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a compact tunable and switchable dual-wavelength fiber laser based on the Lyot filtering effect and the spontaneous radiation peaks of gain fiber. By introducing a period of polarization-maintain Er-doped fiber (PM-EDF), stable dual-wavelength pulses can operate in both the anomalous dispersion region and the normal dispersion region. The corresponding repetition frequency difference of the dual wavelengths has excellent stability while the relative center wavelength can be adjusted in the range of 5 nm to 13 nm. There is no existence of significant sidebands in the optical spectrum during the whole tuning process. This dual-wavelength laser based on two spontaneous radiation peaks in the shorter wavelength direction has great application potential. Our work provides a new design solution for dual-comb sources (DCSs).
Theoretical model and digital extraction of subsurface damage in ground fused silica
Authors: Xiao Huapan , Yin Shenxin , Wu Heng , Wang Hairong , Liang Rongguang
Published: April 2022

Based on the fracture mechanics and grinding kinematics, a theoretical model is developed to determine various subsurface damage (SSD) parameters and roughness Rz of the ground brittle material with consideration of the material removal mode and spring back. Based on the image processing, a digital method is proposed to extract various SSD parameters from the cross-section micrograph of the ground sample. To verify the model and method, many fused silica samples are ground under different processing parameters, and their SSD depth and roughness Rz are measured. The research results show the average SSD depth (SSDa) can be expressed as SSDa = χ1Rz4/3 + χ2Rz (χ1 and χ2 are coefficients). The SSDa is closer to half of the maximum SSD depth (SSDm) as the wheel speed decreases or the grinding depth, feed speed, or abrasive diameter increases. The SSD length or density basically increases linearly with the increase of the SSDm. The digital method is reliable with a largest relative error of 6.65% in SSD depth, extraction speed of about 1.63s per micrograph, and good robustness to the micrograph size and small-scale residue interference. The research will contribute to the evaluation of SSDs and the optimization of the grinding process of fused silica.
Transcription of ncRNAs promotes repair of UV induced DNA lesions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae subtelomeres
Authors: Guintini Laetitia , Paillé Audrey , Graf Marco , Luke Brian , Wellinger Raymund J. , Conconi Antonio
Published: April 2022

Ultraviolet light causes DNA lesions that are removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER). The efficiency of NER is conditional to transcription and chromatin structure. UV induced photoproducts are repaired faster in the gene transcribed strands than in the non-transcribed strands or in transcriptionally inactive regions of the genome. This specificity of NER is known as transcription-coupled repair (TCR). The discovery of pervasive non-coding RNA transcription (ncRNA) advocates for ubiquitous contribution of TCR to the repair of UV photoproducts, beyond the repair of active gene-transcribed strands. Chromatin rules transcription, and telomeres form a complex structure of proteins that silences nearby engineered ectopic genes. The essential protective function of telomeres also includes preventing unwanted repair of double-strand breaks. Thus, telomeres were thought to be transcriptionally inert, but more recently, ncRNA transcription was found to initiate in subtelomeric regions. On the other hand, induced DNA lesions like the UV photoproducts must be recognized and repaired also at the ends of chromosomes. In this study, repair of UV induced DNA lesions was analyzed in the subtelomeric regions of budding yeast. The T4-endonuclease V nicking-activity at cyclobutene pyrimidine dimer (CPD) sites was exploited to monitor CPD formation and repair. The presence of two photoproducts, CPDs and pyrimidine (6,4)-pyrimidones (6-4PPs), was verified by the effective and precise blockage of Taq DNA polymerase at these sites. The results indicate that UV photoproducts in silenced heterochromatin are slowly repaired, but that ncRNA transcription enhances NER throughout one subtelomeric element, called Y’, and in distinct short segments of the second, more conserved element, called X. Therefore, ncRNA-transcription dependent TCR assists global genome repair to remove CPDs and 6-4PPs from subtelomeric DNA.
The differential expression of PilY1 proteins by the HsfBA phosphorelay allows twitching motility in the absence of exopolysaccharides
Authors: Xue Shuanghong , Mercier Romain , Guiseppi Annick , Kosta Artemis , De Cegli Rossella , Gagnot Severine , Mignot Tâm , Mauriello Emilia M. F.
Published: April 2022

Type Four Pili (T4P) are extracellular appendages mediating several bacterial functions such as motility, biofilm formation and infection. The ability to adhere to substrates is essential for all these functions. In Myxococcus xanthus, during twitching motility, the binding of polar T4P to exopolysaccharides (EPS), induces pilus retraction and the forward cell movement. EPS are produced, secreted and weakly associated to the M. xanthus cell surface or deposited on the substrate. In this study, a genetic screen allowed us to identify two factors involved in EPS-independent T4P-dependent twitching motility: the PilY1.1 protein and the HsfBA phosphorelay. Transcriptomic analyses show that HsfBA differentially regulates the expression of PilY1 proteins and that the down-regulation of pilY1.1 together with the accumulation of its homologue pilY1.3, allows twitching motility in the absence of EPS. The genetic and bioinformatic dissection of the PilY1.1 domains shows that PilY1.1 might be a bi-functional protein with a role in priming T4P extension mediated by its conserved N-terminal domain and roles in EPS-dependent motility mediated by an N-terminal DUF4114 domain activated upon binding to Ca2+. We speculate that the differential transcriptional regulation of PilY1 homologs by HsfBA in response to unknown signals, might allow accessorizing T4P tips with different modules allowing twitching motility in the presence of alternative substrates and environmental conditions.
Exposure to multiple pathogens - serological evidence for Rift Valley fever virus, Coxiella burnetii, Bluetongue virus and Brucella spp. in cattle, sheep and goat in Mali
Authors: Dione Michel Mainack , Séry Amadou , Sidibé Cheick Abou Kounta , Wieland Barbara , Fall Abdou
Published: April 2022

An important problem for livestock production in Mali is occurrence of several infectious diseases. A particular challenge for control of pathogens that affect different species, especially in a system with mixed herds with cattle, sheep and goats. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate co-exposure with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Coxiella burnetii, Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Brucella spp. in different livestock species in mixed herds. With the exception of BTV these pathogens are also zoonotic. A retrospective assessment was carried out on a biobank of sera of cattle and small ruminants collected from Sikasso and Mopti regions. Nine hundred and twelve samples from cattle (n = 304), sheep (n = 318) and goat (n = 290) were screened. Serology tests were conducted using commercial kits as per the protocol of the manufacturers. Sero-prevalence for RVFV was 12.8% (Confidence Interval 95%: 9.3–17.1%); 4.7% (2.7–7.7%) and 3.1% (1.4–5.8%) in cattle, sheep and goat respectively. For Coxiella burnetii, the sero-prevalence was 55.3% (49.5–60.9%), 22.6% (18.2–27.6%), and 16.9% (12.8–21.7%); in cattle, sheep and goat respectively; and for BTV sero-prevalence was 88.8% (84.72–92.13%), 51.6% (45.9–57.2%), 56.2% (50.3–62.0%) in cattle, sheep in goat respectively. Brucella sp. had the lowest sero-prevalence and was only detected in cattle and sheep. Regional differences were observed with sero-prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goat with BTV in goat being significantly higher in Sikasso than in Mopti (p<0.001). Evidence of exposure to two pathogens in the same animal was most common for the combination Coxiella burnetii and BTV in cattle (51.6%), followed by sheep (17.0%) and goat (15.5%). Considering the scarcity of disease occurrence and epidemiological data in most sub-saharan countries including Mali, this multi-pathogen survey provides important evidence that cattle, sheep and goat are exposed to pathogens that may negatively impact productivity and pose a risk for public health. The results from this study highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of pathogen diversity and their impact on human and animal health in order to minimize resulting risks. Given that some of the pathogens investigated here are zoonotic, establishment of One-Health surveillance system to monitor disease in animals and people is warranted. Therefore, intersectoral collaboration is recommended.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors for severe scrub typhus in pediatric and elderly patients
Authors: Guan Xiu-Gang , Wei Yue-Hong , Jiang Bao-Gui , Zhou Shi-Xia , Zhang An-Ran , Lu Qing-Bin , Zhou Zi-Wei , Chen Jin-Jin , Zhang Hai-Yang , Ji Yang , Yang Yang , Fang Li-Qun , Li Hao , Yang Zhi-Cong , Liu Wei
Published: April 2022

Background

Scrub typhus (ST) is a life-threatening infectious disease if appropriate treatment is unavailable. Large discrepancy of clinical severity of ST patients was reported among age groups, and the underlying risk factors for severe disease are unclear.

Methods

Clinical and epidemiological data of ST patients were collected in 55 surveillance hospitals located in Guangzhou City, China, from 2012 to 2018. Severe prognosis and related factors were determined and compared between pediatric and elderly patients.

Results

A total of 2,074 ST patients including 209 pediatric patients and 1,865 elderly patients were included, with a comparable disease severity rate of 11.0% (95% CI 7.1%–16.1%) and 10.3% (95% CI 9.0%–11.8%). Different frequencies of clinical characteristics including lymphadenopathy, skin rash, enlarged tonsils, etc. were observed between pediatric and elderly patients. Presence of peripheral edema and decreased hemoglobin were the most important predictors of severe illness in pediatric patients with adjusted ORs by 38.99 (9.96–152.67, p<0.001) and 13.22 (1.54–113.50, p = 0.019), respectively, while presence of dyspnea and increased total bilirubin were the potential determinants of severe disease in elderly patients with adjusted ORs by 11.69 (7.33–18.64, p<0.001) and 3.17 (1.97–5.11, p<0.001), respectively. Compared with pediatric patients, elderly patients were more likely to receive doxycycline (64.8% v.s 9.9%, p<0.001), while less likely to receive azithromycin therapy (5.0% v.s 41.1%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

The disease severity rate is comparable between pediatric and elderly ST patients, while different clinical features and laboratory indicators were associated with development of severe complications for pediatric and elderly patients, which is helpful for diagnosis and progress assessment of disease for ST patients.
Sole and combined effect of foliar zinc and arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on basmati rice growth, productivity and grains nutrient
Authors: Mehmood Hassan , Ali Muhammad Arif , Hussain Saddam , Baig Khurram Shehzad , Sultan Haider , Hasan Naqvi Syed Atif , Shahid Muhammad Nadeem , Ali Shamsher , Alhomaidi Eman A. , Datta Rahul
Published: April 2022

Mismanagement in foliar fertilizer application at different crop stages decreases the productivity of the crop. Likewise, higher application of phosphorus (P) beyond recommended application rates not only decrease zinc (Zn) uptake in rice but also increase fertilizer use cost. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF) may optimize the uptake of P and improve crops production via organic secretions. That’s why the current study was conducted to examine the individual and coordinated effects of 0.5% Zn (0.5Zn) foliar spray (tillering (T) and/or panicle (P) initiation stage) and AMF application. Application of foliar 0.5Zn at tillering+panicle stage remained significantly better for significant enhancement in plant height, spike length, gas exchange attributes and total chlorophyll contents than control. A significant decrease in electrolyte leakage Also validated the effectiveness of treatment 0.5ZnT+P compared to control. Compared to control, the maximum increase in N (14.5 and 25.7%), P (42.1 and 33.3%), K (22.2 and 30.0%) and Zn (19.3 and 27.8%) accumulation was also found in 0.5ZnT+P, with and without AMF, respectively. In conclusion, 0.5ZnT+P with AMF is a better approach than sole application of Zn at tillering or panicle initiation stages. Nevertheless, more investigations are suggested at field level under variable climatic zones to confirm the effectiveness of 0.5ZnT+P with AMF for improvement in rice growth and production.
Underwater acoustic target recognition method based on a joint neural network
Authors: Han Xing Cheng , Ren Chenxi , Wang Liming , Bai Yunjiao
Published: April 2022

To improve the recognition accuracy of underwater acoustic targets by artificial neural network, this study presents a new recognition method that integrates a one-dimensional convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory network. This new network framework is constructed and applied to underwater acoustic target recognition for the first time. Ship acoustic data are used as input to evaluate the network performance. A visual analysis of the recognition results is performed. The results show that this method can realize the recognition and classification of underwater acoustic targets. Compared with a single neural network, the relevant indices, such as the recognition accuracy of the joint network are considerably higher. This provides a new direction for the application of deep learning in the field of underwater acoustic target recognition.
Metagenomic analysis for taxonomic and functional potential of Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrading bacterial communities in steel industrial soil
Authors: Sandhu Monika , Paul Atish T. , Jha Prabhat N.
Published: April 2022

Iron and steel industries are the major contributors to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The microbial community present at such sites has the potential to remediate these contaminants. The present study highlights the metabolic potential of the resident bacterial community of PAHs and PCB contaminated soil nearby Bhilai steel plant, Chhattisgarh (India). The GC-MS/MS analysis of soil samples MGB-2 (sludge) and MGB-3 (dry soil) resulted in identification of different classes of POPs including PAHs {benzo[a]anthracene (nd; 17.69%), fluorene (15.89%, nd), pyrene (nd; 18.7%), benzo(b)fluoranthene (3.03%, nd), benzo(k)fluoranthene (11.29%; nd), perylene (5.23%; nd)} and PCBs (PCB-15, PCB-95, and PCB-136). Whole-genome metagenomic analysis by Oxford Nanopore GridION Technology revealed predominance of domain bacteria (97.4%; 97.5%) followed by eukaryote (1.4%; 1.5%), archaea (1.2%; 0.9%) and virus (0.02%; 0.04%) in MGB-2 and MGB-3 respectively. Proteobacteria (44.3%; 50.0%) to be the prominent phylum followed by Actinobacteria (22.1%; 19.5%) in MBG-2 and MBG-3, respectively. However, Eukaryota microbial communities showed a predominance of phylum Ascomycota (20.5%; 23.6%), Streptophyta (18.5%, 17.0%) and unclassified (derived from Eukaryota) (12.1%; 12.2%) in MGB-2 and MGB-3. The sample MGB-3 was richer in macronutrients (C, N, P), supporting high microbial diversity than MGB-2. The presence of reads for biphenyl degradation, dioxin degradation, PAH degradation pathways can be further correlated with the presence of PCB and PAH as detected in the MGB-2 and MGB-3 samples. Further, taxonomic vis-à-vis functional analysis identified Burkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Mycobacterium, and Rhodopseudomonas as the keystone degrader of PAH and PCB. Overall, our results revealed the importance of metagenomic and physicochemical analysis of the contaminated site, which improves the understanding of metabolic potential and adaptation of bacteria growing under POP contaminated environments.
Age and sex associations of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post BNT162b2 vaccination in healthcare workers: A mixed effects model across two vaccination periods
Authors: Anastassopoulou Cleo , Antoni Dimitra , Manoussopoulos Yiannis , Stefanou Panagiotis , Argyropoulou Sofia , Vrioni Georgia , Tsakris Athanasios
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine the associations with epidemiological, behavioral and clinical parameters of IgG antibody responses against the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after immunization with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs, n = 439) in Greece. We used a mixed effects model to investigate the potential associations of antibody levels one and three months after vaccination and examined by bootstrapping t-tests the putative effects of gender and age for each period. We also employed exact tests of independence in R × C contingency tables to explore associations between behavioral and gender variables with vaccinations side effects. We found significant differences between males and females as well as between subjects in the youngest (21–30 years) and the older age groups in both study periods. We also detected a decrease in titers with age and time. Males had steeper elimination rates across the age span in both periods, in contrast to females who exhibited a softer elimination titer rate with age in the first period and almost constant titers in the second. Concerning side effects, we found a significant association between pain at the injection site and female sex. Hence, our real-world data analyses revealed potentially important clues into the associations of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike. We discuss the importance of these findings in view of current mass vaccination perspectives and provide useful clues for the design and optimal timing of booster doses for COVID-19.
Biogeography of the coastal fishes of the Socotra Archipelago: Challenging current ecoregional concepts
Authors: Zajonz Uwe , Lavergne Edouard , Bogorodsky Sergey V. , Krupp Friedhelm
Published: April 2022

The Socotra Archipelago, located in the eastern Gulf of Aden, has a unique marine environment, which combines tropical and ‘pseudo-temperate’ elements. An updated species inventory recently considered its coastal fish diversity the highest among Arabian ecoregions, necessitating to re-assess the ichthyogeographic position of the island group. The main aim of this study is to describe the distributional biogeography of its coastal fish fauna in relation to contemporary ichthyogeographic and ecoregional concepts. Inferences are drawn with regard to the marine biogeographic arrangement and ecoregional partitioning of the Arabian region. The main datasets comprise eight and twenty selected families including 404 and 898 species, respectively, from Arabian ecoregions. The Socotra Archipelago has close affinities to a putative ecoregion in the eastern Gulf of Aden that extends to southern Oman. It is more closely related to the Arabian Sea coast of Oman than to ecoregions in the Red Sea and a putative ecoregion in the western Gulf of Aden. The Gulf of Aden does not represent a consistent ecoregion in ichthyogeographic terms, because its eastern and western parts are less closely related to one another than to other ecoregions. The Socotra Archipelago and the eastern Gulf of Aden should therefore not be assigned to a joined province with Red Sea ecoregions. The coastal fish faunas of the southern Red Sea have close affinities with those of the western Gulf of Aden. The Arabian/Persian Gulf is least related to the other Arabian ecoregions. The authors posit the Socotra Archipelago as a distinct ecoregion, either on its own or in combination with affiliated mainland areas. This best reflects the ichthyogeographic data and the exceptionally high levels of fish and overall marine diversity. Two alternative ecoregional delineations are proposed, serving as working hypotheses for onward research.
Anti-CD37 radioimmunotherapy with 177Lu-NNV003 synergizes with the PARP inhibitor olaparib in treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in vitro
Authors: Malenge Marion M. , Maaland Astri Fjelde , Repetto-Llamazares Ada , Middleton Brian , Nijland Marcel , Visser Lydia , Patzke Sebastian , Heyerdahl Helen , Kolstad Arne , Stokke Trond , Ree Anne Hansen , Dahle Jostein
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose

PARP inhibitors have been shown to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy in preclinical models. Radioimmunotherapy results in selective radiation cytotoxicity of targeted tumour cells. Here we investigate the combined effect of anti-CD37 β-emitting 177Lu-NNV003 radioimmunotherapy and the PARP inhibitor olaparib, and gene expression profiles in CD37 positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cell lines.

Materials and methods

The combined effect of 177Lu-NNV003 and olaparib was studied in seven cell lines using a fixed-ratio ray design, and combination index was calculated for each combination concentration. mRNA was extracted before and after treatment with the drug combination. After RNA-sequencing, hierarchical clustering was performed on basal gene expression profiles and on differentially expressed genes after combination treatment from baseline. Functional gene annotation analysis of significant differentially expressed genes after combination treatment was performed to identify enriched biological processes.

Results

The combination of olaparib and 177Lu-NNV003 was synergistic in four of seven cell lines, antagonistic in one and both synergistic and antagonistic (conditionally synergistic) in two, depending on the concentration ratio between olaparib and 177Lu-NNV003. Cells treated with the combination significantly overexpressed genes in the TP53 signalling pathway. However, cluster analysis did not identify gene clusters that correlate with the sensitivity of cells to single agent or combination treatment.

Conclusion

The cytotoxic effect of the combination of the PARP inhibitor olaparib and the β-emitting radioimmunoconjugate 177Lu-NNV003 was synergistic in the majority of tested lymphoma cell lines.
Nutritional status of children under five years old involved in a seasonal malaria chemoprevention study in the Nanyumbu and Masasi districts in Tanzania
Authors: Mmbando Bruno P. , Mwaiswelo Richard O. , Chacky Frank , Molteni Fabrizio , Mohamed Ally , Lazaro Samwel , Ngasala Billy
Published: April 2022

Background

Malnutrition and malaria are common co-morbidities in low-income countries, especially among under-fives children. But the malnutrition situation in Masasi and Nanyumbu districts, its interaction with malaria infection and the influence of socioeconomic factors are not well understood.

Methods

Children aged between 3–59 months in Masasi and Nanyumbu were screened for nutritional status and malaria infection in the community. Nutritional status was determined using age and anthropometric parameters. Z-scores (weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and weight for height (WHZ)) were calculated based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) growth reference curves. Malaria infection was determined using malaria rapid diagnostic test and microscopy. Hemoglobin concentration was assessed using HemoCue spectrophotometer, and anemia was classified as hemoglobin concentration < 11.0g/dL. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio- demographic information electronically.

Results

A total of 2242 children, 1539 (68.6%) from Masasi and 1169 (52.1%) females were involved in the study. The mean z-scores (WAZ = -0.60 and HAZ = -1.56) were lower than the WHO reference population. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 49%, and it was significantly higher in Nanyumbu (52.5%) than in Masasi (47.3%), (x2 = 5.045, p = 0.025). Prevalence of malnutrition was higher in boys (53.0%) than in girls (45.0%) (x2 = 13.9, p < 0.001). Stunting was the most prevalent component of undernutrition; it was slightly prevalent in Nanyumbu (46.5%) compared to Masasi (42.0%), (x2 = 3.624, p = 0.057) and in boys (48.2%) than in girls (39.1%), x2 = 17.44, p<0.001. Only 15.8% of the undernourished children had malaria infection. Sex, age group and anaemia were significantly associated with undernourishment (p<0.05), while district and malaria infection were marginally (p≤0.06) associated with undernourishment. None of the undernutrition indices was associated with malaria infection.

Conclusion

Undernutrition was highly prevalent in the study population and was influenced sex, age, anaemia and malaria infection. More emphasis is needed to address the malnutrition problem especially stunting in Masasi and Nanyumbu districts.
A novel Fiji/ImageJ plugin for the rapid analysis of blebbing cells
Authors: Vosatka Karl W. , Lavenus Sandrine B. , Logue Jeremy S.
Published: April 2022

When confined, cells have recently been shown to undergo a phenotypic switch to what has been termed, fast amoeboid (leader bleb-based) migration. However, as this is a nascent area of research, few tools are available for the rapid analysis of cell behavior. Here, we demonstrate that a novel Fiji/ImageJ-based plugin, Analyze_Blebs, can be used to quickly obtain cell migration parameters and morphometrics from time lapse images. As validation, we show that Analyze_Blebs can detect significant differences in cell migration and morphometrics, such as the largest bleb size, upon introducing different live markers of F-actin, including F-tractin and LifeAct tagged with green and red fluorescent proteins. We also demonstrate, using flow cytometry, that live markers increase total levels of F-actin. Furthermore, that F-tractin increases cell stiffness, which was found to correlate with a decrease in migration, thus reaffirming the importance of cell mechanics as a determinant of Leader Bleb-Based Migration (LBBM).
Momentary social interactions and affect in later life varied across the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mak Hio Wa , Wang Diana , Stone Arthur A.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many different facets of life. The infectious nature of the disease has led to significant changes in social interactions in everyday life. The present study examined how older adults’ patterns of everyday momentary social interactions (i.e., with no one, partner, family, and friends) and their affect varied across the early stages of the pandemic and whether the magnitude of affective benefits associated with social interactions changed across time. A total of 188 adults aged 50 or above (Mage= 62.05) completed momentary assessments in early March, late March, May, and July 2020. Overall, older adults spent more time in solitude and less time interacting with their friends after the declaration of the pandemic. Further, negative affect (NA) spiked after the pandemic declaration and then returned to pre-pandemic level. Finally, momentary interactions with close social ties were consistently associated with higher positive affect (PA) and lower NA whereas momentary solitude was associated with lower PA, but not related to NA. The magnitude of associations between specific social interactions (or solitude) and affect varied across time, and the onset of the pandemic appeared associated with this variation. During the presumably most stressful period, solitude was not associated with lower PA and family interaction was not associated with higher PA as they were at other times. Further, interactions with friends seemed to have diminished affective benefits following the onset of the pandemic.
The hematopoietic compartment is sufficient for lupus development resulting from the POLB-Y265C mutation
Authors: Rahim Tania , Levinson Madison A. , Carufe Kelly E. W. , Burak Matthew , Meas Rithy , Maher Stephen , Bothwell Alfred L. M. , Gades Naomi , Sweasy Joann B.
Published: April 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic disease characterized by autoantibodies, renal and cutaneous disease, and immune complex formation. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant DNA repair is an underlying mechanism of lupus development. We previously showed that the POLBY265C/C mutation, which results in development of an aberrant immune repertoire, leads to lupus-like disease in mice. To address whether the hematopoietic compartment is sufficient for lupus development, we transplanted bone marrow cells from POLBY265C/C and POLB+/+ into wild-type congenic mice. Only mice transplanted with the POLBY265C/C bone marrow develop high levels of antinuclear antibodies and renal disease. In conclusion, we show that the hematopoietic compartment harvested from the POLBY265C/C mice is sufficient for development of autoimmune disease.
El impacto socioeducativo y socioemocional del TDAH: historias de vida de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Álvarez de Godos María , Ferreira Camino
Published: April 2022

El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) puede repercutir negativamente en el ámbito académico, emocional y en aspectos relacionados con la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en las experiencias de vida de estudiantes universitarios diagnosticados con TDAH. Esta investigación, de corte fenomenológico-descriptivo, se basa en historias de vida mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad de tipo biográfico a tres estudiantes universitarios con TDAH. En el análisis de los resultados se identificó una gran repercusión del TDAH en relación con cuatro grandes focos: el tratamiento, los aspectos académicos, las relaciones sociales y la calidad de vida. Los resultados destacan una relación entre la calidad de vida y los aspectos académicos, y de estos con las relaciones sociales, así como la importancia del tratamiento. Estos aspectos se relacionan principalmente con la autoestima, el autoconcepto, la ansiedad, las funciones ejecutivas y la empatía por parte de los sujetos.
Artefacts and Their Texts: Contextualising Ancient Near Eastern Collections from Excavation to Display
Authors: Van de Ven Annelies
Published: April 2022

Archaeological archives take up a significant amount of shelf space in any archaeological depot or museum, yet these are rarely presented as primary storytelling tools. As the public image of archaeology is still largely defined by the physical remains of sites and the finds that are associated with them, these are also often the focus of archaeological publications and displays, confining the purview of archaeological documentation to behind-the-scenes research. However, these records do not just illustrate an object, feature or site, they connect the past to the present as narratives of human interpretation and changes in archaeological and museological practice. In this paper, I draw from four brief case studies from my own research, each pertaining to different aspects of collection interpretation, display, and engagement. These practical examples highlight the importance of integrating documentary and material collections in research and outreach spaces. This integration helps us to present the diverse aspects of archaeological research, give value to under-resourced collections, explore meaning across different sources, and display the processes through which we create knowledge. 
O Cebrim responde
Authors: CFF Cebrim /
Published: April 2022

O Cebrim Responde
Editorial
Authors: Leite Letícia Nogueira
Published: April 2022

Editorial
Jornadas de puertas abiertas: La presentación de los centros educativos en sociedad
Authors: Feito Alonso Rafael , Rujas Martínez-Novillo Javier , Sánchez Rojo Alberto
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza el modo en que se presentan los centros escolares –públicos y concertados– a su público potencial en las jornadas de puertas abiertas (JPA). Parte de un trabajo de campo cualitativo basado en la observación participante de estos eventos en 31 centros escolares madrileños. En estas jornadas, los centros movilizan sus recursos materiales, humanos y simbólicos para producir una imagen atractiva, aunque con diferencias según su titularidad, su oferta y la composición social del barrio. Los centros concertados cuentan en general con edificios e instalaciones atractivos, buscan captar alumnos de todas las etapas e invierten más recursos y esfuerzos que los públicos en construir una imagen de centro. Esto les permite elaborar un relato aparentemente más coherente y sólido que los públicos, que escolarizan durante menos años a sus alumnos, tienen mayor movilidad del profesorado y no cuentan con asesoramiento profesional en marketing educativo. En las JPA los centros transmiten mensajes explícitos e impresiones implícitas, revelan la imagen que quieren proyectar y la que desean evitar. Estos eventos forman parte de las estrategias de los centros educativos en un mercado escolar competitivo, al tiempo que suponen una exposición al público en la que este puede juzgarlos y compararlos.
¿Para qué sirve la evaluación de la docencia? Un estudio exploratorio de las creencias de los estudiantes
Authors: Garcia Garduno Jose-Maria Ernesto
Published: April 2022

El propósito de este trabajo fue explorar las creencias de los estudiantes acerca de la evaluación de la docencia, sus fines, utilidad y validez. Participaron 163 estudiantes de carreras de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de una universidad  pública mexicana. Los resultados del estudio indican que los estudiantes consideran que la evaluación de la docencia tiene un fin sumativo, de control y supervisión del trabajo del docente, que tiene poca utilidad y los cuestionarios de evaluación no son válidos. Asimismo, de manera secundaria consideran que los fines de la evaluación docente son de tipo formativo. Se concluye que las políticas de evaluación de la docencia vistas a través de los estudiantes, no han tenido el efecto de mejorar la calidad de la docencia. Asimismo que las creencias de los estudiantes en torno a la evaluación docente son semejantes a los hallazgos producidos por la investigación reciente que critica el uso de los cuestionarios para evaluar la docencia con el fin de elevar la calidad de la enseñanza. Se discuten los resultados.