bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUESTIONS ON OPTIMUM DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX FOR MULTI-POINT CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF CONTAMINATION OF WATER BASINS POLLUTED BY WASTE WATER OF MINING AND PROCESSING PLANTS
Authors: Djafarova B. L.
Published: January 2022

The paper is devoted to questions on optimum development of complex for control and evaluation of contamination of water basins used for collection of industrial waste water. The purpose of the paper is development of scientific-methodical basics for development of measuring system for control and evaluation of contamination of natural water basins with heavy metals using method of attenuation of irradiation of dissolved organic matters excited by external irradiation. The task on optimization of operational regime of measuring complex for control and evaluation of contamination of natural water basins by waste water of large scale point type polluter of environment with heavy metals. The known model of Shtern-Volmer is used as a basis which assumes non-linear relationship between formed complex and fluorescent irradiations attenuation degree. It is noted that potential possibilities of Shtern-Volmers model are used not fully till now. So that in known researches the water objects polluted by several same sources are mainly researched. It is shown that Shtern-Volmer model is also applicable for analysis and estimation of pollution of water basins by single strong polluter that is mining and processing plants. For analysis the suggested special parameter, inversely proportional to concentration of heavy metals in water is used. Integration of this parameter on all possible values of heavy metals concentration and imposition of special limitation condition on the searched for function of dependence of attenuated part of fluorescent irradiation on maximum concentration of heavy metals make it possible to formulate and solve the task on searching of optimum type of this function providing for the optimum regime of operation of the complex.
ON ESTIMATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR ON DETECTION OF DEFECTS IN ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION AND DEFECTOMETRY
Authors: Badalyan V. G.
Published: January 2022

Based on the analysis of the results of ultrasonic testing, a quantitative assessment of the influence of the human factor on the PoD curves built for independent inspectors, several (different) flaw detection techniques was obtained. It is shown that the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws, which determines the value of the correction coefficient equal to 0.015 for flaws with a height of 4 to 12 mm (for the defectometry technique) and 0.18 for flaws with a height of 5 to 12 mm (for flaw detection techniques). For flaws less, than 4 mm in height, the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws for individual inspectors depends significantly on the height of the flaw. A significant difference in the average value of the change in the probability of detecting flaws and the standard deviation during inspection by flaw detection and defectometry techniques is associated with the difference in the amount of information provided by the inspection techniques and the individual characteristics of the inspectors.
MONITORING AND CLASSIFYING THE STATE OF HARD DISKS USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Demidova L. A. , Filatov A. V.
Published: January 2022

The article considers an approach to solving the problem of monitoring and classifying the states of hard disks, which is solved on a regular basis, within the framework of the concept of non-destructive testing. It is proposed to solve this problem by developing a classification model using machine learning algorithms, in particular, using recurrent neural networks with Simple RNN, LSTM and GRU architectures. To develop a classification model, a data set based on the values of SMART sensors installed on hard disks it used. It represents a group of multidimensional time series. At the same time, the structure of the classification model contains two layers of a neural network with one of the recurrent architectures, as well as a Dropout layer and a Dense layer. The results of experimental studies confirming the advantages of LSTM and GRU architectures as part of hard disk state classification models are presented.
THE APPLICATION OF THE SEMIPARAMETRIC GSTAR MODEL IN DETERMINING GAMMA-RAY LOG DATA ON SOIL LAYERS
Authors: Yundari Yundari , Martha Shantika
Published: January 2022

This research examines the semiparametric Generalized Space-Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) spacetime modeling and determines its spatial weight. In general, the spatial weights used are uniform, binary weights, and based on the distance, the result is a fixed weight. The GSTAR model is a stochastic model that takes into account its random variables. Thus, it is necessary to study the random spatial weights. This study introduced a new method to estimate the observed value of the GSTAR model semiparametric with a uniform kernel. The data involved the Gamma Ray (GR) log data on four coal drill holes. The semiparametric GSTAR modeling aimed to predict the amount of log GR in the unobserved soil layer based on the observation data information on the layer above it and its surrounding location. The results revealed that semiparametric GSTAR modeling could predict the presence of coal seams and their thickness of drill holes. The results also highlight the validity test on the out-sample data that the error in each borehole results in a small error. In addition, the error tends to approach the actual observed value at a depth of 1 meter down.
Geografia człowieka. W poszukiwaniu pojęcia „miejsce”
Authors: Wójcik Marcin , Suliborski Andrzej
Published: January 2022

Praca zawiera pogłębioną refleksję nad zakresem przedmiotowym geografii człowieka. Najważniejszym celem jest analiza zmian rozumienia zakresu treści jednej z podstawowych kategorii teoretycznych w geografii człowieka, którą jest pojęcie „miejsce”. W artykule rozwijana jest teza o historycznym rozwoju pojęcia miejsca. W różnych okresach przemian dyscypliny i w ramach odmiennych ujęć jej przedmiotu zainteresowania istniała określona koncepcja miejsca. Współczesne zróżnicowanie pojęcia miejsca w geografii człowieka wynika z ewolucji ujęć klasycznych, a często i wcześniejszych, oraz tych stymulowanych nowymi wzorcami teoretyczno-metodologicznymi w naukach społecznych. Kwestia miejsca jest jednym z kluczowych podejść do przedmiotu badań w geografii człowieka. Współczesne modele geograficzne badania miejsc mają przynajmniej dwie główne odmiany. Pierwsza, tradycyjna, związana przede wszystkim z geografią człowieka wywodzącą się z tradycji nauki chorologicznej i regionalnej, odnosi się do wyjaśniania porządków przestrzennych w kontekście globalnym. Druga wynika w szczególności z zainteresowania geografów człowieka współczesnymi ujęciami metodologicznymi nauk społecznych i humanistycznych (teorie rozwoju społecznego i kulturowe podejścia do przestrzeni).
Człowiek w przestrzeni publicznej miasta. Społeczne znaczenia i zjawiska zagrażające przestrzeni publicznej
Authors: Bierwiaczonek Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

Artykuł podejmuje problem funkcjonowania miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej. W części pierwszej wskazano sześć społecznych znaczeń przestrzeni publicznych: użytkowe,  interakcyjne,  obywatelskie,  aksjologiczne,  symboliczne  i  tożsamościowe. W ich przedstawieniu przyjmuje się perspektywę kulturalistyczną związaną z procesem doświadczania przestrzeni przez jej użytkowników. Empirycznym kontekstem do analizy są wnioski z badań nad miejskimi przestrzeniami publicznymi realizowane w miastach Polski w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. W drugiej części artykułu analizowane są zagrożenia dla funkcjonowania miejskich przestrzeni publicznych. W tym kontekście wskazuje się ryzyka modernizacyjne, poczucie zagrożenia, prywatyzację przestrzeni, turystyfikację, wzrost znaczenia technologii informatycznych w procesach relacji społecznych. Artykuł kończy się konkluzjami podkreślającymi wzrost znaczenia terenów zielonych dla mieszkańców miast, przywrócenie politycznego znaczenia przestrzeniom miejskim, wykorzystywanie rozwiązań ekologicznych w kreowanych przestrzeniach publicznych. Akcentuje się także fakt, że dobre przestrzenie publiczne przyciągają użytkowników przestrzeni miejskich, umożliwiając im realizowanie aktywności opcjonalnych.
SEPTEM VERBA A CHRISTO W STAROPOLSKICH APOKRYFACH NOWOTESTAMENTALNYCH W PERSPEKTYWIE ŹRÓDŁOZNAWCZEJ I LINGWISTYCZNEJ. CZĘŚĆ DRUGA: JĘZYKOWE UKSZTAŁTOWANIE
Authors: ZIÓŁKOWSKA OLGA
Published: January 2022

This article is the second and the last part of a series dedicated to the characteristics of a description of Christ’s seven words uttered on the cross as accounted in Old Polish biblical and apocryphal narrations. In part one, I focus on the origin of the words, the characteristics of Old Polish texts containing them. I highlight the most important differences in the narration of the specific fragments of Old Polish Passions of Jesus. Part two is entirely dedicated to the language of the fragments of Old Polish texts on Christ’s seven words uttered on the cross (ŻPJK, SCh and RD). First, I present the enumeration schemes in each apocrypha. They are strictly related to the tradition of religious instruction and teaching and are an attempt at sorting out the material. The article presents also the various ways in which Christ’s specific words are called. The regular word-forming structure of the modifiers affects the rhythmic form of the specific fragments of texts. Finally, I show how quotations from Christ were introduced into each apocrypha: how the utterances’ modal frame was shaped and what verbs of speech were used. It turns out that in each historic text, Christ’s words were treated differently: in the SCh, they were described most extensively and in the RD – least extensively but it is the RD where the enumerations are most precise with respect to the syntax, perhaps because the specific parts are at the smallest distance from each other. Christ’s seven words on the cross are least structured in the ŻPJK.
ZAINTERESOWANIA JĘZYKOZNAWCZE ZYGMUNTA KRASIŃSKIEGO
Authors: LEWASZKIEWICZ TADEUSZ
Published: January 2022

Zygmunt Krasiński devoted much if his attention to the “philosophical” essence of the language and the origins of various tongues. His conjectures, based on speculative and mystic philosophy, are of no scientific importance; rather, they reflect the author’s strong attachment to religion. While not original, his views on the role of a mother tongue in preserving national identity are correct. The writer was interested in spelling and correct grammatical usage of the Polish language. He also focused on assessing the style of texts written in Polish and French. His views were hardly innovative, offering some value in comparison with the 19th century theory of style. Other language-related mentions: the sophistication of Juliusz Słowacki’s language and proposals of baby names based on “inspired” etymological ideas, are inconsequential.
Resonance-enhanced spectral funneling in Fabry–Perot resonators with a temporal boundary mirror
Authors: Lee Kanghee , Park Junho , Lee Seojoo , Baek Soojeong , Park Jagang , Rotermund Fabian , Min Bumki
Published: January 2022

A temporal boundary refers to a specific time at which the properties of an optical medium are abruptly changed. When light interacts with the temporal boundary, its spectral content can be redistributed due to the breaking of continuous time-translational symmetry of the medium where light resides. In this work, we use this principle to demonstrate, at terahertz (THz) frequencies, the resonance-enhanced spectral funneling of light coupled to a Fabry–Perot resonator with a temporal boundary mirror. To produce a temporal boundary effect, we abruptly increase the reflectance of a mirror constituting the Fabry–Perot resonator and, correspondingly, its quality factor in a step-like manner. The abrupt increase in the mirror reflectance leads to a trimming of the coupled THz pulse that causes the pulse to broaden in the spectral domain. Through this dynamic resonant process, the spectral contents of the input THz pulse are redistributed into the modal frequencies of the high-Q Fabry–Perot resonator formed after the temporal boundary. An energy conversion efficiency of up to 33% was recorded for funneling into the fundamental mode with a Fabry–Perot resonator exhibiting a sudden Q-factor change from 4.8 to 48. We anticipate that the proposed resonance-enhanced spectral funneling technique could be further utilized in the development of efficient mechanically tunable narrowband terahertz sources for diverse applications.
Effect of filler additions on pilot-scale extrusion coating of paperboard with PLA-based blends
Authors: Helanto Karoliina , Talja Riku , Li Sai , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: January 2022

We study the incorporation of minerals (talc, kaolin and surface-treated calcium carbonate) in paperboard coatings based on PLA to improve their performance, often limited by the low crystallinity and moderate gas barrier of the polymer. Masterbatches of PLA-based blends mixed with the mineral fillers were melt-blended in a twin-screw extruder and applied as a coating on paperboard in a pilot-scale unit operating at velocities up to 140 m/min. Thermal imaging was used during the extrusion coating and the effect of the fillers was investigated as far as processability and their effect on the mechanical performance. A reduction of neck-in and improved adhesion between the coating and the substrate were achieved at intermediate mineral loadings. Excess filler and low coating weight generated pinholes, leading to a reduction of the integrity and mechanical properties of the coatings. Overall, we define the performance window for continuous, pilot-scale coating of paperboard with a biopolyester filled with mineral particles, opening the opportunity to realize operations in industrial settings.
Evaluation of Loss Factor of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modified Asphalt under Wide Temperature Range and Aging
Authors: Hu Changbin , Lin Miao , Qu Wentao , Easa Said M. , Jiang Zhenliang
Published: January 2022

The damping property of asphalt is essential in reducing pavement vibration and noise. This study mainly presents the damping property of the styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt under a wide temperature range and aging. The materials used 11 total combinations of the base asphalt, three modifiers (SBS, crumb rubber [CR], and polythene), and three additives (hydrotalcite, crosslinker, and plasticizer). The loss factor (LF) was first measured by the dynamic shear rheometer. Then, the four parameters, namely glass transition temperature (Tg), the maximum loss factor (LFmax), effective temperature range of damping (ΔT0.7), and area under the loss factor curve (TA), were used to evaluate the damping characteristics of asphalt at a wide temperature range. Based on this, the damping property of the base, SBS, and CR of aged asphalt is analyzed. The results show that in the medium- and high-temperature regions, the crosslinker and plasticizer can effectively improve the temperature sensitivity of SBS modified (SM) asphalt and the damping property. Adding plasticizer and crosslinker at the same time improves the damping property of asphalt most significantly. In the middle-low temperature region, both the SM asphalt and CR modified asphalt have a poor damping property, and the crosslinker and plasticizer have no apparent effect on the improvement of SM asphalt. The damping property of SM asphalt decreases more slowly than that of base asphalt after aging, and it still has a good damping property. The outlined research results show that SM asphalt has a good damping capacity of pavement at medium- and high-temperature ranges and after aging, which can assist in developing a sustainable solution to extend the service life of pavement without increasing the thickness of pavement.
Precise Characterization of Macro-texture and Its Correlation with Anti-skidding Performance of Pavement
Authors: Ji Jie , Jiang Tianhao , Ren Wanyan , Dong Yuanshuai , Hou Yun , Li Haimeng
Published: January 2022

In order to precisely characterize the anti-skidding performance with pavement macro-texture, the three-dimensional (3D) coordinate of pavement surface was obtained by using 3D laser scanning before reconstructing a high-precision digital model of pavement. The dynamic friction tester was employed to measure the anti-skidding performance of pavement. Meanwhile, the correlation between macro-texture and anti-skidding performance was investigated by means of the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Firstly, six road sections with different grades and mixture types were selected for testing dynamic friction coefficient and drilling core samples. Secondly, the core samples were scanned by the 3D laser scanning system, and the 3D model of pavement surface was reconstructed. Then, the macro-texture indexes were calculated, and the coefficient of variation method was used to judge the credibility of the test results of different texture indicators. Finally, the correlation between the macro-texture and the anti-skidding performance of pavement was analyzed. Demonstrated by the test results, the skid resistance of ultra-thin wearing course appears to be superior to that of asphalt concrete. Increasing the coarse aggregate content and using high-quality asphalt are effective ways to improve the pavement anti-skidding performance. Macro-texture indexes including arithmetic mean value (Ra), standard deviation (Rq), and range (Rz) show relatively small variation under the same test condition. Having strong correlation with each other, these three indexes belong to the same type. In the meantime, they can also differentiate among different mixture types and service time. Their decent correlation with pavement skid resistance keeps stable with service time, indicating that they can be used to characterize anti-skidding performance of pavement.
Evaluation of Robot Degradation on Human-Robot Collaborative Performance in Manufacturing
Authors: Nguyen Vinh , Marvel Jeremy
Published: January 2022

Human-robot collaborative systems are highly sought candidates for smart manufacturing applications because of their adaptability and consistency in production tasks. However, manufacturers are still hesitant to adopt these systems because of the lack of metrics regarding the influence of the degradation of collaborative industrial robots on human-robot teaming performance. Hence, this paper defines teaming performance metrics with respect to robot degradation. In addition, the defined metrics are applied to a human-robot collaborative inverse peg-in-hole case study with respect to the degradation of the joint angular encoder and current sensor. Specifically, this case study compares pure insertion versus insertion with spatial scanning to solve the peg-in-hole problem, and manual intervention is implemented in the event of robotic failure. The metrics used in the case study showed that pure insertion more sensitive to robot degradation with manual intervention was required at 0.04° as opposed to 0.12° from insertion with scanning. Therefore, insertion with scanning was shown to be more robust to robot degradation at the cost of a slower insertion time of 9.48 s compared to 3.19 s. Thus, this paper provides knowledge and usable metrics regarding the influence of robot degradation on human-robot collaborative systems in manufacturing applications.
Zwischen Deutschland und Italien – Friedrich II. von Hohenstaufen in Romanen des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Ludwig Janine
Published: January 2022

Der vorliegende Aufsatz analysiert und vergleicht vier von zwölf deutschen historischen Romanen aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, die sich dem Stauferkaiser Friedrich II. (1194-1250) widmen. Im Kontext der zeitgenössischen Bestrebungen um nationale Einheit und der Suche nach patriotischen Mythen ist ein Aspekt der Analyse das in den Texten geschilderte Verhältnis des Kaisers zu Deutschland und zu Italien und, damit zusammenhängend, der Kampf dieses Kaisers mit den Päpsten seiner Zeit. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Autoren ein Friedrichbild konstruieren und hierbei ggf. von der historischen Realität abweichen, sowie ob, wie oder wie wenig sie die Kultur des Mittelmeerraumes beschreiben.
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome predicts outcome in adult critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vidart Josi , Jaskulski Paula , Kunzler Ana Laura , Marschner Rafael Aguiar , Ferreira de Azeredo da Silva André , Wajner Simone Magagnin
Published: January 2022

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively determine the prevalence and the prognostic role of non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in critically ill patients. We included studies that assessed thyroid function by measuring the serum thyroid hormone (TH) level and in-hospital mortality in adult septic patients. Reviews, case reports, editorials, letters, animal studies, duplicate studies, and studies with irrelevant populations and inappropriate controls were excluded. A total of 6869 patients from 25 studies were included. The median prevalence rate of NTIS was 58% (IQR 33.2–63.7). In univariate analysis, triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 (FT3) levels in non-survivors were relatively lower than that of survivors (8 studies for T3; standardized mean difference (SMD) 1.16; 95% CI, 0.41–1.92; I2 = 97%; P < 0.01). Free thyroxine (FT4) levels in non-survivors were also lower than that of survivors (12 studies; SMD 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31–0.78; I2 = 83%; P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in thyrotropin levels between non-survivors and survivors. NTIS was independently associated with increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients (odds ratio (OR) = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.64–2.97, I2 = 65% P  < 0.01). The results favor the concept that decreased thyroid function might be associated with a worse outcome in critically ill patients. Hence, the measurement of TH could provide prognostic information on mortality in adult patients admitted to ICU.
Fifth metatarsal fractures: an update on management, complications, and outcomes
Authors: Chloros George D , Kakos Christos D , Tastsidis Ioannis K , Giannoudis Vasileios P , Panteli Michalis , Giannoudis Peter V
Published: January 2022

Even though fifth metatarsal fractures represent one of the most common injuries of the lower limb, there is no consensus regarding their classification and treatment, while the term ‘Jones’ fracture has been used inconsistently in the literature.

In the vast majority of patients, Zone 1 fractures are treated non-operatively with good outcomes.

Treatment of Zone 2 and 3 fractures remains controversial and should be individualized according to the patient’s needs and the ‘personality’ of the fracture.

If treated operatively, anatomic reduction and intramedullary fixation with a single screw, with or without biologic augmentation, remains the ‘gold standard’ of management; recent reports however report good outcomes with open reduction and internal fixation with specifically designed plating systems.

Common surgical complications include hardware failure or irritation of the soft tissues, refracture, non-union, sural nerve injury, and chronic pain.

Patients should be informed of the different treatment options and be part of the decision process, especially where time for recovery and returning to previous activities is of essence, such as in the case of high-performance, elite athletes.
All-arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament is comparable to open reconstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Wittig Ulrike , Hohenberger Gloria , Ornig Martin , Schuh Reinhard , Leithner Andreas , Holweg Patrick
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to determine whether all-arthroscopic repair would lead to improved clinical outcomes, lower complication rates, shorter postoperative immobilization and earlier return to activity compared to open Broström repair in the surgical treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).

A systematic literature search was conducted using Pubmed and Embase to identify studies dealing with a comparison of outcomes between all-arthroscopic and open Broström repair for CLAI. The search algorithm was ‘ankle instability’ AND ‘Brostrom’ AND ‘arthroscopic’ AND ‘open’. The study had to be written in English language, include a direct comparison of all-arthroscopic and open Broström repair to treat CLAI and have full text available. Exclusion criteria were former systematic reviews, biomechanical studies and case reports.

Overall, eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Clinical outcomes did not differ substantially between patients treated with either arthroscopic or open Broström repair. Studies that reported on return to activity and sports following surgery suggested that patients that had all-arthroscopic Broström repair returned at a quicker rate. Overall complication rate tended to be lower after arthroscopic Broström repair.

Similar to open repair, all-arthroscopic ligament repair for CLAI is a safe treatment option that yields excellent clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence: Level III evidence (systematic review of level I, II and III studies).
Current concepts in hip–spine relationships: making them practical for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Zagra Luigi , Benazzo Francesco , Dallari Dante , Falez Francesco , Solarino Giuseppe , D’Apolito Rocco , Castelli Claudio Carlo
Published: January 2022

Hip, spine, and pelvis move in coordination with one another during activity, forming the lumbopelvic complex (LPC).

These movements are characterized by the spinopelvic parameters sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence, which define a patient’s morphotype.

LPC kinematics may be classified by various systems, the most comprehensive of which is the Bordeaux Classification.

Hip–spine relationships in total hip arthroplasty (THA) may influence impingement, dislocation, and edge loading.

Historical ‘safe zones’ may not apply to patients with impaired spinopelvic mobility; adjustment of cup inclination and version and stem version may be necessary to achieve functional orientation and avert complications.

Stem design, bearing surface (including dual mobility), and head size are part of the armamentarium to treat abnormal hip–spine relationships.

Special attention should be directed to patients with adult spine deformity or fused spine because they are at increased risk of complications after THA.
Current concepts from diagnosis to management in Gorham–Stout disease: a systematic narrative review of about 350 cases
Authors: Angelini Andrea , Mosele Nicolò , Pagliarini Elisa , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: January 2022

Patients with Gorham–Stout disease (GSD) present progressive destruction and resorption of bone.

Typical bone-related symptoms include swelling, pain and functional impairment in the region involved.

The three aspects of GSD etiopathology are osteoclasts, angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and osteoblast function.

Multi-targeted pharmacological approach includes innovative options and represent milestones of treatment, sometimes associated with radiotherapy.

Surgery is mainly used to treat complications: pathologic/impending fractures, spinal instability or deformities and chylothorax.

In this narrative review, we highlight current standards in diagnosis, clinical management and therapeutic strategies.
Complications in humeral shaft fractures – non-union, iatrogenic radial nerve palsy, and postoperative infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Smolle Maria Anna , Bösmüller Sandra , Puchwein Paul , Ornig Martin , Leithner Andreas , Seibert Franz-Josef
Published: January 2022

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess risk for iatrogenic radial nerve palsy (iRNP), non-union, and post-operative infection in humeral shaft fractures.

A PubMed search including original articles comparing different treatments for humeral shaft fractures published since January 2000 was performed. Random effect models with relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs were calculated for treatment groups and outcomes.

Of the 841 results, 43 studies were included in the meta-analysis (11 level II, 5 level III, 27 level IV). Twenty-seven compared intramedullary nailing (IM) with ORIF, nine conservative with operative treatment, four ORIF with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), and three anterior/anterolateral with posterior approach. iRNP risk was higher for ORIF vs IM (18 studies; RR: 1.80; P  = 0.047), ORIF vs MIPO (4 studies; RR: 5.60; P  = 0.011), and posterior vs anterior/anterolateral approach (3 studies; RR: 2.68; P  = 0.005). Non-union risk was lower for operative vs conservative therapy (six studies; RR: 0.37; P  < 0.001), but not significantly different between ORIF and IM (21 studies; RR: 1.00; P  = 0.997), or approaches (two studies; RR: 0.36; P  = 0.369). Post-operative infection risk was higher for ORIF vs IM (14 studies; RR: 1.84; P  = 0.004) but not different between approaches (2 studies; RR: 0.95; P  = 0.960).

Surgery appears to be the method of choice when aiming to secure bony union, albeit risk for iRNP has to be considered, particularly in case of ORIF vs IM or MIPO, and posterior approach. Due to the limited number of randomised studies, evidence on the best treatment option remains moderate, though.
The Construction of Educational Community based on the Technology of Internet plus Satellite Live Broadcasting
Authors: Han Song
Published: January 2022

In the current climate of pursuing educational equity, the construction of educational community is a worthwhile experiment in achieving equitable development of urban and rural education. Establishing a multi-channel cooperation mechanism between urban and rural schools and giving full play to the existing high-quality educational resources are feasible and efficient ways to reach quality and equity education. Based on the technology of Internet plus satellite live broadcasting and its own resource advantages, Zhengzhou No.1 High School constructed an educational community across time and space, which effectively promotes balanced development of education in the region and has enhanced the overall educational level there.
Human development in Ukraine. Priorities of the national policy of minimizing the asymmetry of the Ukrainian labor market
Authors: Libanova E.
Published: January 2022

The monograph is devoted to substantiating the priorities of national policy to minimize the asymmetry of the Ukrainian labor market due to global risks. The main attention is paid to specific forms of asymmetry in the labor market, its factors and sources. A typology of global trends relevant to the development of the national labor market and the level of its asymmetry is developed. The concept of asymmetry of work and labor supply is presented, the prospects of forming a single integrated information and analytical system of labor market policy in Ukraine are identified. The materials of the monograph can be used by public authorities and social partners. Intended for graduate students and undergraduate students of economic specialties.
Self-restoration of woody plants in the conditions of the Botanical Garden of Dnipro National University
Authors: Shamray M. V. , Pakhomov O. Y. , Kabar A. .M
Published: January 2022

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of parks in large industrial cities. The problem of preservation of local flora together with cultivation of introduced species is more actual. The species composition of seed self-restoration of woody plants in the forest park and park parts of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University was analyzed in order to determine the ratio of introduced and autochthonous species and whether the introduced species pose a threat to aboriginal flora. Quantitative and qualitative state of seed self-restoration determined. As a result of the research it was established that in the forest-park and park zones of the Botanical Garden artificial stands are capable of forming a sufficient number of viable undergrowth of autochthonous and introduced species, among which mainly aboriginal species dominate. The ratio of indigenous species to introduced ones in different parts of the park and forest park is 57–76 % and 24–43 %, respectively. There is no special competition between indigenous and introduced species. Each species of woody species has adapted well to the conditions of the ecotope and to the conditions of its place of growth. Bioecological features of wood species in the plantations are not an obstacle to the development of the internal space of the ecotope, but 43 % of self-regenerating woody plants in trial area 1 are introduced species, so further observation is needed.
HETEROLOCHA LAMINARIA (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER, 1852) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) — A NEW SPECIES FOR THE UKRAINIAN FAUNA
Authors: Khalaim Ye. V. , Zhakov O. V. , Suchkov S. I. , Geryak Yu. M. , Kovaliov I. V. , Mushinskiy V. G. , Novitskiy S. M.
Published: January 2022

The first records of Heterolocha laminaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Ukraine are presented. Until the recent past, the European registrations of H. laminaria had been only reported from Rostov Region of Russia. New records were made at several localities within Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa and Poltava regions, in Southern, South-Western, South-Eastern and Central Ukraine. These findings were revealed from mid-June to mid-August in various habitat types: steppes, artificial deciduous and mixed forests, agrocenosis. The current records significantly shift westward the range limits of H. la­mi­na­ria. Thus, a newly-discovered locality in Savran Forest is the westernmost point in the entire species range. Most likely the westward expansion of this species has occurred in recent decades. The habitats, adults, and male genitalia of H. laminaria are illustrated.
Characteristics of artificial forest belts invasion by Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863) (Gracillariidae stainton, 1854) in Dnipropetrovsk oblast
Authors: Holoborodko K. K. , Shulman M. V. , Loza I. M. , Pakhomov O. Ye.
Published: January 2022

We studied characteristics of invasion by Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863 the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, 1753) plantations used for field protection and anti-erosion purposes on the example of an artificial forest belt in Mayorka village in Dnipropetrovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Mykilsky Forestry of the Dnipro Forest Enterprise). Monitoring surveys were conducted during the growing seasons of 2014–2021. The invasion of field-protective forest belts does not appear evenly; we found that the tree age is the main factor in this process. Because black locust plantings occupy the most significant area among artificial field-protective plantings in Ukraine, we studied the characteristics of their invasion by the insect species. It was found that R. pseudoacacia manifests itself relatively actively in almost all natural zones in Ukraine, mainly due to its spread by root growth. The forest belt surveys allowed us to distinguish three age-related variants of R. pseudoacacia trees (initial trees planted in composition of a forest belt (50–70 years), sprouting trees (15–25 years), and young trees (up to 15 years)). Monitoring surveys have shown varying degrees of P. robiniella invasion of three age groups of trees. It was discovered that the invader mainly develops mines on the leaves of young trees (up to 15 years old). According to the results of calculating the average number of mines on a simple leaf, it turned out that P. robiniella most often formed the mine on the lower (near the petiole) leaf segment in all three age tree groups. Determination of the characteristics of the relative invasion of simple leaflets from the total number of damaged leaflets showed that the invasion of the leaf blade was highest within the location of the middle leaflets on Robinia complex leaf. Such characteristics of invasion can be explained by the different growth rates of R. pseudoacacia leaf blade and the quality characterization of leaf tissues. Thus, our survey confirmed the assumption of O. V. Sinchuk (2016) that the topical specificity of invasion derived from the peculiarities of divergent leaf development and acropetal leaf development of the feeding plant.
Selecting optimal parameters for obtaining the extract of red grape pomace
Authors: Gurgenidze Lela , Kanchaveli Tamar , Kvartskhava Giorgi
Published: January 2022

Due to the industrial processing of grapes, large amounts of by-products are produced. The main varieties of by-products are pomace, which is comprised of skins, seeds and any other solid remaining after pressing process and sediments. It is necessary to implement new effective ways of processing to minimize these residues. This problem is relevant for all the wine-producing countries, including Georgia. It is well-known fact that pomace is an important source of phenolic compounds, which are characterized by high antioxidant activity and possess healing-prophylactic properties. It is also worth mentioning that pomace is an easily spoiled product, and without the proper processing, it cannot be stored for a long time. Thus, this research aimed to obtain optimal parameters for extraction, preserving the antioxidant characteristics. The optimal range of the following parameters for extraction was determined: the temperature for drying 45-50 °C, grinding level 1.5 mm, diluent concentration 70% ethanol/water solvent, extraction module 1:20, extraction temperature 50-55 °C, and duration 2 h. This determination of technological parameters of extraction was done according to the best physical-chemical measures and antioxidant activity level. The physical-chemical tests were performed according to the European Union standards. These parameters can produce an extract with distinct antioxidant characteristics that can be used in the food industry as a natural antioxidant. The extract with distinct antioxidant properties was obtained, which can be used in the food industry as a natural antioxidant.
Epidemiological study of Colletotrichum spp. associated with Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. and Platymiscium pinnatum (Jacq.) Dugand in the Colombian Caribbean Region
Authors: Restrepo Leal Julian David , Rada González Deimys Friset , Páez Redondo Alberto Rafael
Published: January 2022

Epidemiological analyzes of foliar diseases associated with Colletotrichum spp. in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Platymiscium pinnatum  were performed under field  conditions and without any type of intervention. At the  Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia), four trees for each species and four equidistant monitoring sites per tree were established. The incidence and severity were recorded for 33 weeks (March to November 2016), including two follow-up periods: dry and rainy season. Disease development curves were elaborated. Moreover, the  development rate (r) and the area under the disease  progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated for each follow-up period. The effect of the meteorological variables was  statistically analyzed by correlation and multiple regression. In E. cyclocarpum, the highest incidence and severity were recorded  between September and  November with 100 and 19.6%, respectively, showing a positive correlation with  relative humidity and negative with average temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. In P. pinnatum, the maximum values of incidence and severity were observed  between March and April with 68.9 and 1.3%, respectively. However, correlation analyzes did not support their relationship with the environmental factors. The r values during the dry months were 0.136 and 0.107 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were calculated at 51 and 4 units week-1 for E. cyclocarpum and P. pinnatum, respectively. In the rainy months, the r values were 0.187 and 0.016 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were 186 and 2 units week-1,  respectively. In conclusion, the development of the disease  varies according to the forest species, time of year and some meteorological variables.
Agri-food safety optimized by blockchain technology: review
Authors: González-Puetate Iván , Marín Tello Carmen Luisa , Reyes Pineda Henry
Published: January 2022

Blockchain technology is a distributed database, an innovation tool in the agri-food supply chain in processes such as production, distribution, marketing. In this research work, the blockchain technology application in agri-food security processes was evaluated, establishing the best conditions for its adoption in companies, this proposal synthesizes the contributions as a disruptive technology, for this, the information was collected from the period 2018-2020 from the Scopus and Web of Science bases, performing an analysis of the information using the Atlas TI 8.4 software, establishing the focus of the research on a network of codes suggested by some authors. It was found that the contribution of Blockchain for the years of study was traceability 26%, supply chain 17.5%, technological development 10.4%, trust 9.8%, among others. It is concluded that establishing the theoretical link between technology and traceability processes in supply chains, traceability in the agri-food sector is essential to certify information of interest to the stakeholder group. This is because traceability is the transcendental element of the food safety system that allows guaranteeing control in the supply chain when processes are being recorded and enriching the databases, which can be available to the final consumer to check the details of the production cycle and that technological elements generate competitiveness in companies with blockchain in their procedures, promote high levels of transparency, data security, decentralization, among other terms associated with trust, and a better relationship with the consumer is developed and a greater number of sale increasing profitability.
The precursors of infotainment? Debate and talk shows on Televisión Española (1980-1989)
Authors: Martín-Jiménez Virginia , Berdón-Prieto Pablo , Reguero-Sanz Itziar
Published: January 2022

The theory formulated to date indicates that political infotainment programs arrived in Spain in a widespread manner in the 1990s with the rise of private television channels. But were there spaces in public television that shared the traits of this novel television genre before that time? This article is aimed at analyzing debate and talk shows, as well as hybrid format shows combining both genres, broadcasted on Televisión Española (TVE-1 and TVE-2) during the ‘80s, in order to determine whether or not these programs present the emblematic style characteristic of infotainment. The methodology consists of a content analysis of a total of 31 television programs, each of which was viewed on the RTVE archive using different multimedia platforms. The results of this research reveal that Televisión Española incorporated into its debate shows, talk shows, and hybrid format shows, features typical of infotainment prior to the ‘90s. Among the most recurrent stylistic features of these programs are the tendency to dramatization, polemic and emotionality (achieved through different techniques and strategies), an increase of soft content, a greater presence of satire, humor and close-ups, and the use of music.
Loyal and stubborn heroes: the main character’s personality in Classic Hollywood cinema
Authors: Valverde-Maestre Águeda-María , Pérez-Rufí José-Patricio
Published: January 2022

This research aims to analyze the main characters’ construction in classic Hollywood cinema by focusing on their personalities. This work follows Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson’s notions of classic cinema. The sample includes films from 1930 to 1960. Character is understood as personality and as a psychological unit. Characterization is defined by each trait that refers to the totality of their character. We start with the hypothesis that there are central tendencies for creating heroes and heroines in classic cinema. However, these tendencies also correspond with the film narrative model, which is shaped by the functionality of the narrative categories in the story. Personality is among those factors that shape the construction of the character. We applied a methodology of film narrative analysis to a sample of 64 films from six extensive genres in classic Hollywood cinema. The results confirm that the main character in classic cinema is conditioned and shaped by their adaptation to the film’s genre. The hero is usually positive according to what is considered socially acceptable values; the dramatic needs of the plot predetermine their definition. The Hollywood main character’s personality is based on their functionality as they serve the narrative needs of the story.
Post-truth, gender issues and sports entertainment: the setting in Ibero-America’s main digital media for the Super Bowl halftime show 2020
Authors: Fernández-Torres María-Jesús , Álvarez-Nobell Alejandro , Vadillo-Bengoa Nerea
Published: January 2022

The subject of this research topic is the frameworks and the media representation of the role of women in mass sports events. The case study corresponds to the participation for the first time in the halftime show of the “Super Bowl 2020” of two of the main Latin pop artists: Shakira and Jennifer López. The objective of the study is to characterize the treatment of the event given by the media (both generalist and sports-themed) of the 22 countries that make up Ibero-America together with that on social networks. The assumptions that have guided the research seek to determine whether an objectification of women in the image that is built from the media and on social networks really exists; and whether the frames that occur in both are identical or different. The methodological design includes a content analysis and impact measurement with Big Data technology. The main results and conclusions include the objectification of women in all the generalist media; and 50% in sports-themed media. Similarly, it should be noted that social media reflect the impact of conventional media more than tenfold and most importantly, a change in trend and progress is foreseen in media frameworks with a gender perspective.
Analysis of the Twitter discourse in the 2019 electoral debates in Spain: a comparative algorithmic study
Authors: Arce-García Sergio , Vila Fátima , Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc
Published: January 2022

This article analyzes and compares the following of Twitter users during the two electoral debates of the general elections in Spain in April and November 2019. Through the collection of the official hashtags #ElDebateDecisivo (970,706 tweets) and #DebateElectoral (821,521) respectively from 9 am on the day of the debate until 2 am the following day, we analyzed the polarity and basic emotions of the messages posted on the social network using algorithms with R software. A network theory study was also carried out to determine each account’s affiliation to each group. The results show a polarization in the network, with well-defined groups with hardly any relationship with other groups of different ideologies. It is also observed that the entry of a new player, Vox, into the second debate completely alters the rest of the center-right parties, which end up seeing it from a much more negative perspective. This entry does not involve major changes among the left-wing parties, but it does mean an increase in fear.