bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National Service as an Institutional Pathway to Flourishing
Authors: Faust Victoria , Flanagan Constance
Published: May 2017

This chapter emphasizes relational and collective dimensions of well-being and the national service programs that foster them. We begin with a discussion of social institutions that bridge to civic settings and civic engagement for young adults. Following that, we discuss national service as an institution that offers a pathway for flourishing, particularly for those who do not have access to civic settings via other institutions. We describe features of programs and current research and evaluation, highlighting those that reference dimensions of relational well-being. Finally, we discuss areas for future research and implications for practice centered on the relational and collective well-being of diverse young adults in civic and national service settings.
Emerging Adult Essay
Authors: Blandine-Arestide Pembema
Published: May 2017

I am a female from Africa and am 27 years old. I was born in a small remote village called Bangolan in the Babessi subdivision of the Ngoketunjia division, in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. I was born into a small family where I am the only child. However, I grew up in a large extended family with more than 10 members. My mom was and still is a petty trader in food items. I grew up in the village during early childhood with my grandparents, who were local farmers, because my mother was in the city struggling to raise finances to help the family; she was the first child and the only breadwinner in the family. A few years into my primary education, I left the village to stay with my uncle in the city of Yaounde, where I continued my primary education. While in the city, I trekked for a long distance every day—from the outskirts of the city, where we lived, to the center of the town, where my school was located. Although it was painful, it gave me courage and strengthened me as a child. Also, my uncle was busy so I was left to myself to struggle with the home as well as my assignments. All of these challenges, coupled with the farming I did in the village as a small girl, built me into a tough and courageous woman. It actually served as a bedrock for the challenges I faced later in life....
Emerging Adult Essay
Authors: Michelle Tsang Suet Yee
Published: May 2017

I am a 19-year-old female Chinese student studying business and law at the University of Hong Kong. I have participated in volunteering activities since secondary school. I taught computer classes for the elderly and gave free lessons to children from low-income families. I hosted games for the mentally challenged. I took part in flag-selling activities. I also participated in a service trip last year....
Flourishing in European Emerging Adults
Authors: Robinson Oliver , Žukauskienė Rita
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the challenges that European emerging adults encounter in attempting to flourish within a continent that has extreme levels of socioeconomic inequality and very high levels of migration. Average incomes across the countries of the EU differ by up to a factor of 10, and in the less affluent countries there is a strong motive to move to a more wealthy country to find better paid work. This tends to happen during emerging adulthood; the overwhelming majority of economic migrants in Europe are between the ages of 18 and 30. The well-being of emerging adults in Europe is captured by the European Social Survey (ESS). In 2012, France scored lowest of all participating countries in the ESS for flourishing. We briefly explore how the absence of flourishing in young people may be linked to radicalization, and link this to France’s recent difficulties with terrorism committed by young adult males.
Emerging Adult Essay
Authors: Yanakieva Steliana
Published: May 2017

I am 22 years old and have just completed my first degree at a UK university. Originally from Bulgaria, I found myself on a plane to the UK at the age of 19. Although I am proud of my country’s rich history, in the 21st century, Bulgaria does not have enough to satisfy my ambitions. Being financially independent from my parents, pursuing a research career, belonging to a scientific community, and feeling safe and encouraged to speak my mind—these were things I felt nearly impossible to achieve in my fatherland, and they reinforced my feelings of not belonging....
Emerging Adult Essay
Authors: Keller Amanda
Published: May 2017

I’m not sure where to begin my story. My name is Amanda Keller, and in the late 1990s, when I was 13, I was placed in out-of-home placement by a psychiatrist in Cincinnati, Ohio. I’d been abused most of my childhood by my stepfather, who was a sadist. I have a number of poorly healed fractures to testify to what he did to me physically. Psychologically, the effect of being tortured for years really took its toll, and I think the psychological impact was much worse. In addition to being in a bad mental state because of what was done to me, I was also not well because of what wasn’t done for me. I’d reported the abuse formally four times to professionals before anything happened. Relatives and neighbors were aware of what was happening, and I guess those that knew the most didn’t know what to do. One of the times I reported my stepdad we moved to a different state, so I can’t blame the police on that occasion, but then again, no one saved me. This effect of not being helped when I reached out, which is a scary thing to do when your relative plans his abuses, made me hate everyone, in particular adults....
Healing From Inner-City Violence
Authors: Lee Jocelyn R. Smith
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how young people, disproportionately black and Hispanic, in America’s economically disadvantaged, urban contexts are using the third decade of life to heal and succeed. Guided by life course, ecological, and trauma-informed frameworks, we present a multidisciplinary review of the literature describing post-traumatic growth, resilience, and healing with a focus on trauma-informed research and practice positioning youth impacted by inner-city violence to recover and flourish during emerging adulthood. In order to best appreciate the strivings of young people to heal in contexts of chronic risk, we situate this discussion in the nature, root causes, and consequences of violence (both structural and interpersonal) in urban America. We conclude with suggestions for future research to advance our understandings of how emerging adults in the inner city are working to heal from violent exposure and the implications of this task for the transition to adulthood.
The Transition to Adulthood for Those With Disabilities
Authors: Kellems Ryan O. , Rowe Dawn A. , Williams Caroline , Palmer Denya
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges an adolescent with disabilities may face when transitioning into adulthood. Transition services should be provided to those with disabilities in order to prepare them for different experiences outside of school. A huge component in preparing adolescents for transition is through teaching different transition skills such as self-determination skills, relationship skills, work-readiness skills, mobility skills, communication skills, daily living skills, college readiness skills, and community skills. Parents and teachers are given ideas on how to develop each of these areas. The authors describe different transition opportunities that are available to those with disabilities, including postsecondary education, employment, independent living, and community participation. The authors give different recommendations for effective transitional services and suggestions for future research.
Emerging Adult Essay
Authors: Unrein Jennifer , Unrein Wendi
Published: May 2017

My name is Jennifer Unrein. I am a 27-year-old white woman, and I have Williams syndrome, a genetic handicap. I was born in Hutchinson, Kansas, and I graduated high school in 2007. I have a sister, brother, dad, and stepmom. My parents divorced when I was small. I then lived with my grandparents for a little bit. My dad, Eric, married my stepmom, Wendi, when I was 6. I do not have a relationship with my mom. Since I graduated high school, I have been running an art business with my stepmom called JennyLU Designs. I started this to help raise money for cancer research and learned that I could have help from my stepmom....
The Financial Psychology of Players, Services, and Products
Authors: Ricciardi Victor
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides an overview of the emerging cognitive and emotional themes of behavioral finance that influence individual behavior. The behavioral finance perspective of risk incorporates both qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (objective) aspects of the decision-making process. An emerging subject of research interest and investigation in behavioral finance is the inverse (negative) relation between perceived risk and expected return (perceived return). The chapter highlights important topics such as representativeness, framing, anchoring, mental accounting, control issues, familiarity bias, trust, worry, and regret theory. It also examines the role of negative affective reactions on financial decisions. A host of biases that depend on specific aspects of the financial product or investment service influence the judgment and decision-making process of most financial players.
The Psychology of High Net Worth Individuals
Authors: Li-Huang Rebecca
Published: May 2017

This chapter takes an economic view of the investment behavior of high net worth individuals (HNWIs), including: the psychological aspects of private wealth and the practice of wealth management, the current trends affecting the players and markets, and empirical findings on wealth creation and distribution that have fueled policy debates. As the chapter shows, wealth concentrations and scarcity of skills have attributed to institutional advantages for HNWIs and the highly skilled, including higher returns on physical and human capital investments. Besides achieving financial returns, HNWIs want to use their private wealth to have a social impact. Wealth managers respond to the attitude and behavior of HNWIs by shifting the focus from investment products and transactions to holistic investing and goal-based wealth management.
Psychological Factors in Estate Planning
Authors: Guerin John J. , Hood L. Paul
Published: May 2017

As an area of behavioral finance, estate planning is less focused on systematic, cognitive errors than on a core, emotional ambivalence about mortality. The chapter explores the dynamics of the advisor–client relationship in financial planning and estate planning, as well as the emotional conflicts concerning mortality in light of research about mortality salience and terror management theory. The inclusion of marital, family, and family business issues introduces inherent complications to efforts at planning. These added dimensions may in turn affect succession planning, inheritance, heir preparation, and family dynamics. Recent developments in assessing financial style and personality may enhance progress in estate planning. Tools for facilitating the process are discussed, along with observations for further development in the field. Models in other areas of psychotherapy practice show potential to inform this area of practice.
Art and Collectibles for Wealth Management
Authors: May Peter J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines different psychological biases pertinent to collecting art and other items, which are part of every client’s world to some degree. Wealth management has a tradition of management by silo, each guided by its own revenue stream. Yet, the chapter shows how financial advisors can incorporate a client’s interest in and further purchasing of art as an asset with long-term value increases. This is especially applicable to a changing world where art is available and traded globally. With the proliferation of social media and web-based resources, art and collectibles are now more accessible as an asset class option. Wealth management must adjust its client service model to leverage the informational commodity of art and incorporate it into wealth management.
Stock Market Anomalies
Authors: Fan Steve , Yu Linda
Published: May 2017

Stock market anomalies representing the predictability of cross-sectional stock returns are one of most controversial topics in financial economic research. This chapter reviews several well-documented and pervasive anomalies in the literature, including investment-related anomalies, value anomalies, momentum and long-term reversal, size, and accruals. Although anomalies are widely accepted, much disagreement exists on the underlying reasons for their predictability. This chapter surveys two competing theories that attempt to explain the presence of stock market anomalies: rational and behavioral. The rational explanation focuses on the improvement of the existing asset pricing models and/or searching for additional risk factors to explain the existence of anomalies. By contrast, the behavioral explanation attributes the predictability to human behavioral biases in collecting and processing financial information, as well as in making investment decisions.
Can Humans Dance with Machines?
Authors: Aldridge Irene
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines high-frequency trading (HFT), including core groups of strategies and resulting impacts. Using order-by-order market data analysis, the chapter shows that much of what is often construed to be useless noise of order cancellations actually represents meaningful order revisions, part of the real-time market bargaining. The chapter further shows that a small fraction of the order cancellations are a product of purely toxic liquidity. Market participants of different frequencies tend to react differently to such toxic orders, with higher-frequency traders largely ignoring and lower-frequency investors interacting with toxic liquidity.
Introduction
Authors: De Souza Jonathan
Published: May 2017

This introduction outlines three methodological strands that are central to the book: music theory, phenomenology, and cognitive science. It argues that interdisciplinary blending is characteristic of much music-theoretical research. At the same time, music analysis offers distinctive ways of examining musical data—or, indeed, musical evidence. In this book, such methods are used to investigate body-instrument interaction in diverse musical styles. The book combines performance analysis with philosophical and psychological insights on embodiment, highlighting an interplay of technique and technology that shapes instrumentalists’ musical experience.
Compositional Instruments
Authors: De Souza Jonathan
Published: May 2017

Though Johann Sebastian Bach was an expert multi-instrumentalist, his counterpoint is sometimes thought to be a kind of composition without instrumentation. Yet to be playable, this music must manage instrumental and corporeal constraints, as well as tonal or contrapuntal ones. And to be transcribed, it requires a collection of instruments with shared pitch affordances and a shared notational technology. Bach’s transcriptions thus reveal ways that composers relate to instruments and ways that instruments relate to each other. Further, Bach’s music for unaccompanied violin and his use of the lute harpsichord demonstrate how instruments can become compositional tools, how idioms can function as a creative resource for composers.
Equilibrium models intended to overcome limits
Authors: Boland Lawrence A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter will critically examine today’s common ways to build equilibrium models. These specifically include Dynamic-Stochastic General Equilibrium models, game theoretical models and empirical GE models. Each of these types of equilibrium model try to address the issues of how a model’s decision makers get the information needed to guarantee the attainment of a state of equilibrium. The chapter addresses the alleged limits of general equilibrium models (particularly the issues of dynamics, time and expectations), the current attempts to overcome the limits of general equilibrium models, and three empirical alternatives to Walrasian general equilibrium models. These alternatives include the Computable General Equilibrium models and the Applied General Equilibrium models. The third model involves building econometric models only after evaluating the statistical properties of the data before using them in the model.
Equilibrium models vs. evolutionary economic models
Authors: Boland Lawrence A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the extent to which models based on evolutionary economics can provide a worthy alternative to neoclassical equilibrium models. The chapter discusses the difference between Darwinian and non-Darwinian evolutionary economic models. The chapter includes a discussion of Armen Alchian’s 1950 article that he says is erroneously identified as evolutionary economics. The works of evolutionary economists Ulrich Witt, Jack Vromen, Richard Nelson and Sidney are explained and critically examined. The chapter also considers the question of whether evolutionary economics can ever displace equilibrium economics. Some current evolutionary economic model builders have serious doubts. The chapter concludes with some speculations about going beyond the consideration of the individual firm to include sociological aspects of consumer preference.
Building models of non-clearing markets
Authors: Boland Lawrence A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the extent to which Keynesian models can overcome the limits of equilibrium models without violating the methodological individualism that is required in all neoclassical equilibrium models. This chapter discusses an approach that involves a generalized version of Keynesian liquidity preference due to John Hicks. It goes beyond financial liquidity by recognizing the possible desirability of deliberate excess capacity. The generalized version involves endogenously deliberate disequilibria during which participants with incomplete knowledge of the market’s future are understood not to use all their resources, but to keep some in reserve thereby allowing flexibility in dealing with unforeseen circumstances.
Epilogue
Authors: Boland Lawrence A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers whether new efforts provided by behavioural, evolutionary and complexity economics have any chance of changing how economics is taught and practiced in the future. The main question at issue is whether the new views based on experimental behavioural, evolutionary and complexity models have any hope of displacing textbook equilibrium economic explanations. The prognosis is they do not at the introductory level, but perhaps might at the advanced undergraduate and the graduate levels. The chapter concludes by stressing the need to understand the role of learning in the process of equilibrium attainment if equilibrium models are ever to be useful for understanding real world economies and guiding policy makers.
Unequal
Authors: Sperino Sandra F. , Thomas Suja A.
Published: May 2017

This book describes what happens when workers file employment discrimination cases in federal court, Judges dismiss cases where supervisors grope women, call them whores and sluts, and repeatedly ask them on dates. Judges dismiss cases where supervisors use racial epithets against black workers. Judges dismiss cases where an employer gives an employee a negative evaluation because of her race. Congress passed discrimination laws that offer broad protections against workplace discrimination. Yet over the past several decades, courts have created ways to analyze discrimination cases in a way that favors employers and disfavors employees. Judges have slowly built up a set of frameworks, rules, and inferences that govern discrimination cases that dismiss cases—instead of properly enforcing the laws. This book examines each of these rules. Many of them are contrary to both the text and the purposes of the discrimination statutes. They are also factually unsupported. While individual rules are troubling enough, when all of the rules are put together, workers have little chance of prevailing.
Introduction
Authors: Sperino Sandra F. , Thomas Suja A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter introduces the concepts discussed in the book. It begins by describing the facts of several cases where discrimination might have occurred, but then shows how judges dismissed these cases, finding that there was no discrimination. The chapter then discusses the key federal statutes that prohibit employment discrimination. It also provides readers with an overview of data demonstrating inequality in American workplaces. The chapter concludes by showing how Congress already placed limits within the federal discrimination statutes, making it unnecessary for the courts to add further limits. For example, the statutes provide short deadlines for filing claims and limit the remedies available to workers. The statutes also require workers to present their claims to an administrative agency before filing suit in court. Congress already limited discrimination law, making additional court-created limits unnecessary.
How Discrimination Disappears
Authors: Sperino Sandra F. , Thomas Suja A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores how courts limit harassment, discrimination, and retaliation claims. Searches of federal cases reveal case after case where federal courts rule that conduct is not sufficiently serious to be considered discrimination. Cases are dismissed where women alleged that their bosses or coworkers repeatedly touched their breasts or buttocks, supervisors regularly asked employees on dates or for sexual favors, or employees were continually victims of unwanted sexualized comments and gestures. Some federal courts rule that such conduct is not serious enough to qualify as sexual harassment. In other cases, where there is evidence that an evaluation or threatened termination is due to race, sex, or another protected trait, some judges have held that this conduct is not an “adverse action” and does not count as discrimination. Finally, many federal courts will not find illegal retaliation where an employer gives a negative evaluation or threatens to fire an employee who complained about discrimination.
Why Workers Lose
Authors: Sperino Sandra F. , Thomas Suja A.
Published: May 2017

Chapters 2 through 6 discussed how the courts created a complex set of doctrines and frameworks for evaluating discrimination cases that are far removed from the text and the purpose of the discrimination statutes that Congress passed. Each of these doctrines pushes cases toward dismissal. This chapter explores a larger problem: what happens when all of these doctrines work together.
Meaning in Our Bodies
Authors: Peckruhn Heike
Published: May 2017

What do our everyday experiences and bodily movements have to do with our theological imagination? How should we draw the connection between lived experience and theology? Feminist theologians, as well as other scholars, appeal to the importance of bodily experiences and perceptions when developing claims regarding social and cultural values and argue that our actions are always meaningful. But where and how do these arguments gain traction beyond mere thinking about methods in religious studies or theological exploring of metaphors? Religious scholars and theologians need to acquire a robust grasp on how sensory perceptions and interactions are cultural and theological acts that are bodily meaning making. This book presents a method of tracing embodied experience in order to account for meaning in everyday movements and encounters by strengthening and refining the concept of “experience” through a set of analytical commitments built on Maurice Merlau-Ponty’s phenomenological concepts. The notion of bodily experience is extended to that which makes up our social and theological knowledges. Bodily perceptual experiences are ways of thinking and orienting in the world, therefore comprising theological imagination. This is demonstrated in historical and cultural comparisons where taste, touch, and emitted sounds may order normalcy, social status, or communal belonging. Constructive body theology as analytical tool is tested in feminist projects known for their explicit turn to experience and embodiment (Carter Heyward, Marcella Althaus-Reid). This book concludes with presentations of constructive possibilities that emerge when everyday bodily experience is utilized effectively as a source for religious and theological inquiries.
Sedimentation of Habits and Orienting Experiences
Authors: Peckruhn Heike
Published: May 2017

Chapter 4 pivots around experiences of race, and explores social and cultural habitation to sensory perceptions and meanings. It discusses the sensorium of race perception beyond the visual, and provides historical and cultural examples of how perceiving bodily Others emerges in and is maintained by sensory experiences. It explores how understanding our orientations and perspectives on the world as fundamentally embedded in and emerging from our bodily manner of existence allows us to begin grasping how it is not reason or intellectual reflection alone by which we can address perceptual alignments that might appear problematic to us. Habits and socio-cultural practices are not simply matters of belief or conviction held in a disembodied mind, but are embedded within our bodily perceptual orientation.
How to Get Rich in a Revolution
Authors: Paxman Andrew
Published: May 2017

While the Revolution gave Jenkins a few scares, including almost being shot by a firing squad, it allowed him to quintuple his fortune. When rebels loyal to Emiliano Zapata withdrew from Puebla, they briefly used Jenkins’s mill as a fort. Charged with complicity, Jenkins was hauled off by federal troops, but Álvaro Obregón intervened to save him. The incident heightened Jenkins’s disdain for the Revolution, and he dispatched Mary to California. But he kept his mills running and was one of the first textile barons to give his company joint-stock, limited-liability status. His chief wartime success was in property trading. He converted his dollars into the devalued peso and snapped up assets for a song. His success illustrates how a new entrepreneurial class used the era’s turmoil to their advantage. Helping make such purchases possible was Jenkins’s ability to ingratiate himself with certain Puebla elites and his willingness to bribe officials.
With Maximino
Authors: Paxman Andrew
Published: May 2017

Jenkins found his most fearsome and effective ally in Maximino Ávila Camacho, brother of future president Manuel Ávila Camacho, who helped him resist President Cárdenas’s plan to expropriate Atencingo. Jenkins largely bankrolled Maximino’s gubernatorial campaign of 1936 and made loans to his administration. In turn, when Doña Lola convinced Cárdenas to confiscate Atencingo, Maximino countered with a plan that gave the land to a peasant cooperative while letting Jenkins retain the mill, the plantation’s profit center. Still, the Cárdenas era was a tricky time for the business elite, so Jenkins diversified his holdings, making venture-capital entrées into banking, the automotive sector, and film and returning to the textile sector. In all cases he hid his participation, from both the public and the IRS, through the use of prestanombres (straw men). Jenkins’s move toward nationwide influence also emerged in politics, as he made a huge covert loan to Manuel’s presidential campaign.
Enterprise, Profiteering, and the Death of the Golden Age
Authors: Paxman Andrew
Published: May 2017

Under Presidents Alemán and Ruiz Cortines, Jenkins’s exhibition empire resisted attempts to rein it in, while Golden Age cinema died a slow death. Now in his seventies, Jenkins became a missionary capitalist, offering financing to friends. But his main activities were rent-seeking. He declared bankruptcy at his largest mills and used the ploy to sack workers and renege on company debts. In cinema his hegemony prompted a 1949 Film Law that promised screen quotas for Mexican films. Hollywood and Jenkins conspired to derail the quota. A second assault, in 1953, threatened expropriation and increased production subsidies. The threat vanished, and the subsidy apparatus fell under Jenkins’s sway. Was Jenkins the cause of cinema’s demise, as critics have alleged? Many were equally to blame: the state imposed a ticket-price cap, Hollywood product grew more sophisticated, producers inflated their budgets, and directors closed the doors of their guild to new talent.
Answers to All Your Questions about Careers in Community Psychology
Authors: Viola Judah J. , Glantsman Olya , Williams Amber E. , Stevenson Cari
Published: May 2017

This chapter answers several of the most frequently asked questions of students and career changers who want to make the best use of their community psychology and related training. The chapter draws from the individual and collective experiences of the authors and over 400 professionals in the field who completed a career survey. Topics focus on preparation, networking, job seeking, work–life balance, and career outlook across several sectors, including academia, health care, government, and the nonprofit arena.
Community-Based Practice Mission
Authors: Ratcliffe Allen W.
Published: May 2017

This chapter is a brief story highlighting a 40-year community psychology experience in one community setting—Tacoma, Washington. The author identifies principles that may apply to early practitioners and provides the readers with tips to help practitioners in their career path, such as focusing on building one’s skill set and participating in collaborative training.
Supporting Community Agencies
Authors: Reinhart Crystal
Published: May 2017

A community organization offers a diverse setting in terms of people, skills, and topics. It affords the opportunity to tailor work toward your own interests while continuing to build skills. In this chapter the author describes how she discovered community psychology, what she learned in graduate school and in the career she eventually chose, and the insight she now has into what is most valuable—and needed—in pursuing a practice career. The author highlights the importance of the competencies and skills she gained in her graduate school career, related to working with community organizations, and in settling into her new job. These include organizational strategic planning, training, reporting, research, and the dissemination of results.
Preparing and Applying for a Teaching-Focused Faculty Position
Authors: Palmer Geraldine L.
Published: May 2017

With a dose of humor, the author of this chapter chronicles her journey as she searched for a full-time faculty position at local and national colleges and universities after receiving her PhD in community psychology. The search provided excellent first-hand experience that the author shares with readers and includes information about the process, highlighting concrete tools that are needed to be successful. She covers the importance of creating an effective curriculum vitae, teaching statement, and cover letter to land your first interview; how to be more tech savvy, mastering interviews via video conferencing software, such as Skype and Google Hang-Out; and why it is essential to get input on the highly important job talk from prospective academic colleagues. This chapter delivers a sense of the climate and process of entering the higher education market, while leaving the reader with hope for securing that sought-after faculty position.
The Road to Scholarly Riches
Authors: Beasley Christopher R.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the author’s experiences applying for tenure-track academic positions. These included both research- and teaching-focused positions. The chapter includes an overview of the process, tips for planning and organizing your search, and some of the author’s experiences navigating each step along the way. The author also discusses his decision to choose an academic career, the choice of a research or teaching focus, and strategies he used for making himself more marketable. Specific topics addressed include preparation for an academic career, branding strategies, networking, building a CV, evidence of teaching effectiveness, developing application materials, finding job opportunities, learning about programs and faculty, initial screening, campus visits, and negotiation.
Writing Grants to Fund Research and Programs
Authors: Balcazar Fabricio E. , Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda
Published: May 2017

Grant writing is an important component of a community psychologist’s career, whether in academia or independent practice. Getting funds to support research projects, secure contracts or to assist community agencies in expanding or continuing programs and services is a critical skill. This chapter discusses the roles of grant writing in community psychologists’ careers, the main types of grants available, the main sources of grant funding, basic principles of proposal writing, and some ethical considerations about grant writing. The authors also explain 12 basic principles of proposal writing in some detail in order to inform the readers of the main components of the process. The authors recommend that graduate programs in community psychology should consider a grant writing class where students can have the experience of grant writing, perhaps as a service to local agencies.
From Preparation to Practice
Authors: Taylor Sylvie , Sarkisian Gregor V.
Published: May 2017

Becoming a community psychologist involves formal education in the theory, research, and practice of community psychology. The current chapter is designed to support prospective students interested in pursuing a degree and eventually a career in community psychology. The authors review the types of educational options at both the master’s and doctoral level, how to select the program that is right for you, and the types of preparation you might seek in that program to achieve your career goals. Throughout this chapter, the authors provide suggestions to support one’s professional development, suggestions they have personally found effective in their work with students.
Melancholic Modes, Healing, and Reparation
Authors: Gill Denise
Published: May 2017

Chapter 5 maps the way melancholy becomes lived as a reparative Turkish identity practice by musicians today. An outline is presented of five centuries of Ottoman musico-medicinal treatises on melancholy as disease and melancholic musics that aided physicians in the task of healing patients suffering from melancholy. This chapter oscillates between melancholy as affective practice and objects of melancholy—specific musical modes (makam-s) and the illness affecting one of the four bodily humors. The author exposes how contemporary Turkish classical musicians have resurrected Ottoman notions of the positive effects of melancholy after the medicalization of physiological states in the early years of the Republic of Turkey. Today, Turkish classical musicians deem melancholy a position to dwell in because it is pleasurable and connects individuals to one another.
Conclusion
Authors: Gill Denise
Published: May 2017

The conclusion offers important departure points for scholars to push ahead with the study of music, emotion, feeling, sound, and affective practices. Identifying and interrogating one affective particular—“melancholy”—in Turkish classical musicians’ historicizing, narrative, sonic, artistic, performative, and transmission processes, the conclusion argues that melancholies must be understood as affective practice. The ending compares normative U.S. and Turkish assumptions about melancholy, and interrogates the author’s own performances of melancholy and a trip to the rhizomatic reed beds of southeastern Turkey, where ney-s, the end-blown flutes of Turkish classical music, are first created. Finally, pain, suffering, and loss emerge as essential elements that Turkish classical musicians believe they must endure in life, for dialogue between musicians making music
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools
Authors: Kim Johhny , Kelly Michael , Franklin Cynthia
Published: May 2017

Teachers, administrators, and students face many challenges in schools, yet schools are also places of solutions, strengths, and successes. The second edition of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy in Schools offers a practical guide that shows school social workers how to harness the solutions that are already happening in their schools by applying the principles of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). With its emphasis on strengths and short-term treatment, SFBT is a potentially powerful tool for school professionals to add to their repertoires. A solution-focused school social worker can help students, particularly those who are harder to engage, think about ways to focus on what’s working and how they can change their lives in positive ways. This second edition is part of the School Social Work Association of America Oxford Workshop Series and has been updated with new research and clinical practice information. New to this edition is a more thorough example of how to use SFBT within the Response-to-Intervention (RtI) framework with case examples demonstrating innovate ways. It also includes five new clinical chapters called “SFBT in Action.” These new chapters cover five of the most common student problems school social workers encounter in their jobs. Each of these new chapters provides an overview of the particular problem both nationally and in school settings and describe risk and protective factors. Along with a discussion on why SFBT is a useful approach for that particular problem, case examples are also provided illustrating how to use many of the specific solution-focused techniques for them.
SFBT and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Kim Johnny S. , Kelly Michael S. , Franklin Cynthia
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers an up-to-date survey of the best available evidence for SFBT. There is a lot of good news here for SFBT practitioners and researchers alike. First of all, as this chapter amply demonstrates, SFBT has been increasingly shown to be an effective treatment for a range of mental health and behavioral problems and is now listed as an evidence-based practice by federal agencies like Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA). Additionally, the research base for SFBT as an evidence-based practice in school settings is also growing, indicating that SFBT is a workable and empirically-supported alternative to other approaches that are more driven by deficit thinking and labeling of students. This chapter outlines the “state of the science” for this exciting approach.
Why Comrades Go to War
Authors: Roessler Philip , Verhoeven Harry
Published: May 2017

In October 1996, a motley crew of ageing Marxists and unemployed youths coalesced to revolt against Mobutu Seso Seko, president of Zaire/Congo since 1965. Backed by a Rwanda-led regional coalition that drew support from Asmara to Luanda, the rebels of the AFDL marched over 1500 kilometers in seven months to crush the dictatorship. To the Congolese rebels and their Pan-Africanist allies, the vanquishing of the Mobutu regime represented nothing short of a “second independence” for Congo and Central Africa as a whole. Within 15 months, however, Central Africa’s “liberation Peace” would collapse, triggering a cataclysmic fratricide between the heroes of the war against Mobutu and igniting the deadliest conflict since World War II. Uniquely drawing on hundreds of interviews with protagonists from Congo, Rwanda, Angola, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Africa, Belgium, France, the UK and the US, Why Comrades Go to War offers a novel theoretical and empirical account of Africa’s Great War. It argues that the seeds of Africa’s Great War were sown in the revolutionary struggle against Mobutu—the way the revolution came together, the way it was organized, and, paradoxically, the very way it succeeded. In particular, the book argues that the overthrow of Mobutu proved a Pyrrhic victory because the protagonists ignored the philosophy of Julius Nyerere, the father of Africa's liberation movements: they put the gun before the unglamorous but essential task of building the domestic and regional political institutions and organizational structures necessary to consolidate peace after revolution.
Winning the War, Losing the Peace
Authors: Roessler Philip , Verhoeven Harry
Published: May 2017

This chapter lays out the book’s central argument. It first addresses the limitations of existing explanations—war for natural resources, spillover of Rwandan genocide, anti-foreign resistance and personalization of power. It then develops the building blocks of the argument, which attributes Africa’s Great War to the type of revolutionary organization and regional alliance the comrades built to liberate Zaire. In contrast to the strong Leninist political organizations that they built during their own revolutionary struggles, the regional powers, led by the RPF, backed the emergence of a weak, personalized rebel movement heavily dependent on foreign support. This allowed the RPF to maximize its control of the AFDL and pursue its immediate priority of chasing down the génocidaires but at the cost of long-term peace. In the absence of strong domestic or regional institutions, the liberators failed to manage the vacuum of power their annihilation of the Mobutu regime brought about. Consequently, despite alignment on the goals of liberating Zaire, the post-Mobutu system would be defined by high levels of internal and external uncertainty among comrades, ending in catastrophic war.
The Campaign
Authors: Roessler Philip , Verhoeven Harry
Published: May 2017

The military operation to unseat Mobutu forms the subject of this chapter. It opens with the blistering assault of the Rwandan Patriotic Army on the giant refugee camps outside Goma and Bukavu. Hundreds of thousands were repatriated, but the génocidaire hard core escaped into the Congolese rainforest. The failure to eradicate this threat would prove deeply consequential: it meant that the hunt for Interahamwe in Congo competed for Kabarebe’s attention with the campaign against Mobutu, leaving little time to focus on the all-important political task of building the AFDL into a true liberation movement. This was further complicated by emerging rivalries inside the AFDL which pitted the Congolese protagonists against each other—notably Kabila versus his fellow Katangese of the Tigres Katangais—but also the RPF against their Angolan comrades of the MPLA. Though the AFDL was a Pan-Africanist affair with military support and political encadrement from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, South Africa and Zambia, the two main providers of hard muscle—Kigali and Luanda—found themselves stumbling into a “race to Kinshasa,” when AFDL troops crossed from Eastern Congo into Western Congo around the border town of Tshikapa.
The Unraveling
Authors: Roessler Philip , Verhoeven Harry
Published: May 2017

This chapter explains how the surging discontent described in the previous chapter morphs into a full-blown crisis. The remarkable expression of elite accommodation between Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Army Chief of Staff James Kabarebe and Joseph Kabila, son of the head of state, protégé of Kabarebe and number two in the military hierarchy, began to unravel in early 1998. As the father–president relentlessly sought to increase his political autonomy, he pursued two policies by stealth that inflamed tensions with the RPF: Katangization—the infiltration of the security services and the state bureaucracy by fellow Katangese—and the courting of new allies, not least Tanzania which gave him a bodyguard to replace his Rwandese minders and which sent troops to secretly train a parallel army in Katanga. Relations between the comrades became so poisoned that even Council of Ministers' meetings were preceded by arms searches.
Kabila’s Pre-Emptive Strike
Authors: Roessler Philip , Verhoeven Harry
Published: May 2017

The final three weeks before the outbreak of the Great African War between comrades are detailed in this chapter. Its examines “Plan A,” a conspiracy involving the RPF, its Ugandan allies and a motley crew of disillusioned Congolese politicians. This coalition of the willing would in August 1998 be recycled into the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (RCD) rebellion but was originally meant to dislodge Kabila directly from the presidential palace. However, the de facto coup plot never materialized as the paranoid Congolese president believed the warnings his closest associates were issuing; his expulsion order on July 28 would inevitably trigger war but saved him from a likely death in a sudden strike. While Kabila may have been physically surrounded by his comrades-turned-enemies, his position as head of state enabled him to publicly demand the foreign forces to leave, thus forestalling a coup—if at the cost of triggering Africa's worst war.
Comrades Go to War
Authors: Roessler Philip , Verhoeven Harry
Published: May 2017

This chapter traces the trajectory from the unbearable no-man’s-land of waiting for the inevitable to the outbreak of conflict on August 2, 1998, and the ensuing first weeks of fighting. The failure of Joseph Kabila to mediate between his father and James Kabarebe cleared the last obstacle for the bellicose thrust on both sides to take full force. It details how both Kabila and Kagame sought to obtain the support of the regional bellwether, the MPLA, which fretted over the likelihood of an imminent resumption of the Angolan civil conflict with UNITA. Frantic shuttle diplomacy between Kinshasa, Kigali and Luanda underlined how much the unraveling of the domestic post-liberation order was intimately connected to the reconfiguration of regional order. While Kabarebe launched, his audacious air drop in Bas and counted on his intelligence officials to acquire Angola’s green light for Rwanda's Blitzkrieg, desperate Kabila emissaries wrote Luanda a blank check. The MPLA waivered for a long time, ultimately sending its mechanized brigades and air force to the rescue of the Mzee. The intervention transformed the initial lightning assault into a protracted war and marked the definitive rupture in the Pan-Africanist coalition that had assembled to overthrow Mobutu.
Problems Regarding the Crime of Direct and Public Incitement to Commit Genocide
Authors: Gordon Gregory S.
Published: May 2017

Chapter 5 reveals the intrinsic ambiguity and incoherence within the incitement to genocide framework. It identifies four primary problems with the framework, as laid out in the ICTR foundational cases: (1) inadequate explanation of the scope of the “direct” element; (2) a deficient definition of the “public” criterion; (3) failure to identify the essential components of “incitement”; and (4) an inconsistent and incoherent treatment of “causation.” Moreover, the Media Case Trial Chamber judgment offered a basic doctrinal base to which, in theory, future decisions could return as a point of repair and build on as a platform for incitement’s normative development. Unfortunately, as this chapter demonstrates, subsequent cases, including Mugesera v. Canada (2005), the Media Case Appeals Chamber judgment (2007), and Prosecutor v. Bikindi (2008), have failed to do that. Thus, the current iteration of incitement fails to promote deterrence and could be manipulated by authoritarian governments to suppress legitimate expression.