bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sox2 controls Schwann cell self-organization through fibronectin fibrillogenesis
Authors: Torres-Mejía Elen , Trümbach Dietrich , Kleeberger Charlotte , Dornseifer Ulf , Orschmann Tanja , Bäcker Theresa , Brenke Jara Kerstin , Hadian Kamyar , Wurst Wolfgang , López-Schier Hernán , Desbordes Sabrina C.
Published: February 2020

The extracellular matrix is known to modulate cell adhesion and migration during tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms that fine-tune cells to extra-cellular matrix dynamics during regeneration of the peripheral nervous system remain poorly understood. Using the RSC96 Schwann cell line, we show that Sox2 directly controls fibronectin fibrillogenesis in Schwann cells in culture, to provide a highly oriented fibronectin matrix, which supports their organization and directional migration. We demonstrate that Sox2 regulates Schwann cell behaviour through the upregulation of multiple extracellular matrix and migration genes as well as the formation of focal adhesions during cell movement. We find that mouse primary sensory neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motoneurons require the Sox2-dependent fibronectin matrix in order to migrate along the oriented Schwann cells. Direct loss of fibronectin in Schwann cells impairs their directional migration affecting the alignment of the axons in vitro. Furthermore, we show that Sox2 and fibronectin are co-expressed in proregenerative Schwann cells in vivo in a time-dependent manner during sciatic nerve regeneration. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which Schwann cells regulate their own extracellular microenvironment in a Sox2-dependent manner to ensure the proper migration of neurons.
Author Correction: Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine
Authors: Azmi Kifaya , Al-Jawabreh Amer , Abdeen Ziad
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A role of metallothionein-3 in radiation-induced autophagy in glioma cells
Authors: Cho Young Hyun , Lee Seung-Hwan , Lee Sook-Jeong , Kim Ha Na , Koh Jae-Young
Published: February 2020

Although metallothionein-3 (MT3), a brain-enriched form of metallothioneins, has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, little is known regarding the role ofMT3in glioma. AsMT3plays a role in autophagy in astrocytes, here, we investigated its role in irradiated glioma cells. Irradiation increased autophagy flux in GL261 glioma cells as evidenced by increased levels of LC3-II but decreased levels of p62 (SQSTM1). Indicating that autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in glioma cell survival following irradiation, measures inhibiting autophagy flux at various steps decreased their clonogenic survival of irradiated GL261 as well as SF295 and U251 glioma cells. Knockdown ofMT3with siRNA in irradiated glioma cells induced arrested autophagy, and decreased cell survival. At the same time, the accumulation of labile zinc in lysosomes was markedly attenuated byMT3knockdown. Indicating that such zinc accumulation was important in autophagy flux, chelation of zinc with tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), induced arrested autophagy in and reduced survival of GL261 cells following irradiation. Suggesting a possible mechanism for arrested autophagy,MT3knockdown and zinc chelation were found to impair lysosomal acidification. Since autophagy flux plays a cytoprotective role in irradiated glioma cells, present results suggest thatMT3and zinc may be regarded as possible therapeutic targets to sensitize glioma cells to ionizing radiation therapy.
A cross-sectional study to characterize local HIV-1 dynamics in Washington, DC using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Gibson Keylie M. , Jair Kamwing , Castel Amanda D. , Bendall Matthew L. , Wilbourn Brittany , Jordan Jeanne A. , Crandall Keith A. , Pérez-Losada Marcos ,   the DC Cohort Executive Committee, Subramanian Thilakavathy , Binkley Jeffery , Taylor Rob , Rayeed Nabil , Akridge Cheryl , Purinton Stacey , Naughton Jeff , Rakhmanina Natella , D’Angelo Larry , Kharfen Michael , Wood Angela , Serlin Michael , Kumar Princy , Parenti David , Greenberg Alan , Monroe Anne , Happ Lindsey Powers , Jaurretche Maria , Peterson James , Wilcox Ronald D , Rana Sohail , Horberg Michael A , Fernández Ricardo , Hebou Annick , Dieffenbach Carl , Masur Henry , Bordon Jose , Teferi Gebeyehu , Benator Debra , Ruiz Maria Elena , Goldstein Deborah , Hardy David
Published: February 2020

Washington, DC continues to experience a generalized HIV-1 epidemic. We characterized the local phylodynamics of HIV-1 in DC using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Viral samples from 68 participants from 2016 through 2017 were sequenced and paired with epidemiological data. Phylogenetic and network inferences, drug resistant mutations (DRMs), subtypes and HIV-1 diversity estimations were completed. Haplotypes were reconstructed to infer transmission clusters. Phylodynamic inferences based on the HIV-1 polymerase (pol) and envelope genes (env) were compared. Higher HIV-1 diversity (n.s.) was seen in men who have sex with men, heterosexual, and male participants in DC. 54.0% of the participants contained at least one DRM. The 40–49 year-olds showed the highest prevalence of DRMs (22.9%). Phylogenetic analysis of pol and env sequences grouped 31.9–33.8% of the participants into clusters. HIV-TRACE grouped 2.9–12.8% of participants when using consensus sequences and 9.0–64.2% when using haplotypes. NGS allowed us to characterize the local phylodynamics of HIV-1 in DC more broadly and accurately, given a better representation of its diversity and dynamics. Reconstructed haplotypes provided novel and deeper phylodynamic insights, which led to networks linking a higher number of participants. Our understanding of the HIV-1 epidemic was expanded with the powerful coupling of HIV-1 NGS data with epidemiological data.
Two-phase wash to solve the ubiquitous contaminant-carryover problem in commercial nucleic-acid extraction kits
Authors: Jue Erik , Witters Daan , Ismagilov Rustem F.
Published: February 2020

The success of fundamental and applied nucleic acid (NA) research depends on NA purity, but obtaining pure NAs from raw, unprocessed samples is challenging. Purification using solid-phase NA extractions utilizes sequential additions of lysis and wash buffers followed by elution. The resulting eluent contains NAs and carryover of extraction buffers. Typically, these inhibitory buffers are heavily diluted by the reaction mix (e.g., 10x dilution is 1 µL eluent in 9 µL reaction mix), but in applications requiring high sensitivity (e.g., single-cell sequencing, pathogen diagnostics) it is desirable to use low dilutions (e.g., 2x) to maximize NA concentration. Here, we demonstrate pervasive carryover of inhibitory buffers into eluent when several commercial sample-preparation kits are used following manufacturer protocols. At low eluent dilution (2–2.5x) we observed significant reaction inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and reverse transcription (RT). We developed a two-phase wash (TPW) method by adding a wash buffer with low water solubility prior to the elution step. The TPW reduces carryover of extraction buffers, phase-separates from the eluent, and does not reduce NA yield (measured by digital PCR). We validated the TPW for silica columns and magnetic beads by demonstrating significant improvements in performance and reproducibility of qPCR, LAMP, and RT reactions.
Observation of diffraction contrast in scanning helium microscopy
Authors: Bergin M. , Lambrick S. M. , Sleath H. , Ward D. J. , Ellis J. , Jardine A. P.
Published: February 2020

Scanning helium microscopy is an emerging form of microscopy using thermal energy neutral helium atoms as the probe particle. The very low energy combined with lack of charge gives the technique great potential for studying delicate systems, and the possibility of several new forms of contrast. To date, neutral helium images have been dominated by topographic contrast, relating to the height and angle of the surface. Here we present data showing contrast resulting from specular reflection and diffraction of helium atoms from an atomic lattice of lithium fluoride. The signature for diffraction is evident by varying the scattering angle and observing sharp features in the scattered distribution. The data indicates the viability of the approach for imaging with diffraction contrast and suggests application to a wide variety of other locally crystalline materials.
Switchable crossed spin conductance in a graphene-based junction: The role of spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Beiranvand Razieh , Hamzehpour Hossein
Published: February 2020

We theoretically investigate the crossed spin conductance (CSC) of a graphene-based heterostructure consists of ferromagnet, Rashba spin-orbit and superconductor regions. Using Dirac Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism in the ballistic regime, we show that in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling there are an anomalous crossed Andreev reection and spin-ipped co-tunneling in the process of quantum transport. We demonstrate that the CSC can be reversed with respect to charge conductance by tuning the Rashba spin-orbit coupling which experimentally can be adjusted by the applied perpendicular electric field on the graphene sheet. This feature in addition to a long spin relaxation time of Dirac fermions in graphene proposes designing a device with a non-local spin switch which is crucial for spintronics circuits.
Culture modulates face scanning during dyadic social interactions
Authors: Haensel Jennifer X. , Danvers Matthew , Ishikawa Mitsuhiko , Itakura Shoji , Tucciarelli Raffaele , Smith Tim J. , Senju Atsushi
Published: February 2020

Recent studies have revealed significant cultural modulations on face scanning strategies, thereby challenging the notion of universality in face perception. Current findings are based on screen-based paradigms, which offer high degrees of experimental control, but lack critical characteristics common to social interactions (e.g., social presence, dynamic visual saliency), and complementary approaches are required. The current study used head-mounted eye tracking techniques to investigate the visual strategies for face scanning in British/Irish (in the UK) and Japanese adults (in Japan) who were engaged in dyadic social interactions with a local research assistant. We developed novel computational data pre-processing tools and data-driven analysis techniques based on Monte Carlo permutation testing. The results revealed significant cultural differences in face scanning during social interactions for the first time, with British/Irish participants showing increased mouth scanning and the Japanese group engaging in greater eye and central face looking. Both cultural groups further showed more face orienting during periods of listening relative to speaking, and during the introduction task compared to a storytelling game, thereby replicating previous studies testing Western populations. Altogether, these findings point to the significant role of postnatal social experience in specialised face perception and highlight the adaptive nature of the face processing system.
Mitochondrial toxicity and body shape changes during nucleos(t)ide analogues administration in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Madeddu Giordano , Fiore Vito , Melis Michela , Ortu Silvia , Mannu Franca , Muredda Alberto Augusto , Garrucciu Giovanni , Bandiera Franco , Zaru Salvatore , Bagella Paola , Calvisi Diego Francesco , Babudieri Sergio
Published: February 2020

Our study purpose was to evaluate mitochondrial (mt)DNA and RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and body shape changes (BSC) in HBV-infected patients. mtDNA and mtRNA were measured in PBMCs. The presence of BSC was evaluated through a questionnaire and clinical evaluation. A total of 157 subjects were enrolled, of these 107 were HBV-infected patients, 54 receiving nucleoside analogues (NAs, Group A), 53 naive to antivirals (Group B) and 50 age-sex matched controls (Group C). All HBV-treated patients had negative HBV–DNA. Twenty (37,0%) received lamivudine + adefovir, 20 (37.0%) tenofovir, 2 (3.7%) lamivudine and 12 (22.2%) entecavir. Therapy median duration was 38 months (IQR 20–60) in NA-treated patients. Group A showed significantly higher mtDNA/nuclear (n) DNA ratio (p = 0.000008) compared to Group C and Group B (p = 0.002). Group B showed significantly higher mtDNA/nDNA ratio compared to Group C (p = 0.017). Group A and B had significantly lower mtRNA/nRNA ratio compared to Group C (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.00006, respectively). Tenofovir and entecavir showed less impact compared to lamivudine + adefovir. mtDNA/nDNA ratio positively (Rho = 0.34, p < 0.05) and mtRNA/nRNA ratio negatively (Rho = −0.34, p < 0.05) correlated with therapy duration. BSC were significantly more frequent in Group A [10/54 (18.5%)] compared to Group B [3/53 (5.6%, p = 0.04)] and Group C [0/50, (p = 0.0009)]. In conclusion, long-term NA therapy was associated both to mitochondrial toxicity and BSC, showing significant differences in mtDNA and mtRNA levels. Tenofovir and entecavir showed lower impact on alterations, compared to 1stgeneration NA.
Waste foundry sand/MgFe-layered double hydroxides composite material for efficient removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Ahmed Dooraid N. , Naji Laith A. , Faisal Ayad A. H. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Naushad Mu.
Published: February 2020

We aimed to obtain magnesium/iron (Mg/Fe)-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoparticles-immobilized on waste foundry sand-a byproduct of the metal casting industry. XRD and FT-IR tests were applied to characterize the prepared sorbent. The results revealed that a new peak reflected LDHs nanoparticles. In addition, SEM-EDS mapping confirmed that the coating process was appropriate. Sorption tests for the interaction of this sorbent with an aqueous solution contaminated with Congo red dye revealed the efficacy of this material where the maximum adsorption capacity reached approximately 9127.08 mg/g. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models helped to describe the sorption measurements, indicating that the physical and chemical forces governed the removal process.
Designing of Carbon Nitride Supported ZnCo2O4 Hybrid Electrode for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Sharma Meenu , Gaur Anurag
Published: February 2020

This study reports a unique graphitic-C3N4 supported ZnCo2O4 composite, synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode. The g-C3N4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid composite based electrode exhibits a significant increase in specific surface area and maximum specific capacity of 157 mAhg−1 at 4 Ag−1. Moreover, g-C3N4@ZnCo2O4 electrode maintained significant capacity retention of 90% up to 2500 cycles. Utilizing this composite in the development of the symmetric device, g-C3N4@ZnCo2O4//g-C3N4@ZnCo2O4 displays a specific capacity of 121 mAhg−1. The device exhibits an energy density of 39 Whkg−1 with an equivalent power density of 1478 Wkg−1. A good cycling stability performance with an energy efficiency of 75% and capacity retention of 71% was observed up to 10,000 cycles. The superior performance of g-C3N4@ZnCo2O4 is attributed to the support of the g-C3N4 which increases the surface area, electroactive sites and provides chemical stability for electrochemical performance. The outstanding performance of this exclusive device symbolizes remarkable progress in the direction of high-performance energy storage applications.
Transparent Cellulose Nanofibrils Composites with Two-layer Delignified Rotary-cutting Poplar Veneers (0°-layer and 90°-layer) for Light Acquisition of Solar Cell
Authors: Zou Weihua , Wang Zhangheng , Sun Delin , Ji Xiaoqin , Zhang Pingfang , Zhu Zhihong
Published: February 2020

Our transparent cellulose nanofibrils composites (TCNC) directly from rotary-cutting poplar veneer (RPV) whose lignin can be easily stripped by our treatment. This TCNC is prepared by stripping lignin of original RPV and infiltrating epoxy resin (ER) into delignified RPV. This TCNC with two-layer delignified RPVs whose grains perpendicular (0/90°) to each other, which were solidified on solar cell while infiltrating ER. This TCNC with high transmittance (~90%), high haze (~90%), and equal refractive index fluctuation. Comparing with epoxy resin (ER), this TCNC can enhance open circuit voltage (VOC) from 1.16 to ~1.36 and short circuit density (JSC) from 30 to ~34 for the solar cell, and can enhance test fore from 0.155 kN to ~0.185 kN and displacement from 43.6 mm to ~52.5 mm.
Evaluation of molybdenum recovery from sulfur removed spent catalyst using leaching and solvent extraction
Authors: Pradhan Debabrata , Kim Dong-Jin , Sukla Lala Behari , Pattanaik Archana , Lee Seoung-Won
Published: February 2020

In this article a new spent catalyst sample preparation method was implemented for the purpose of molybdenum leaching in a single step. Further molybdenum and vanadium in the leach liquor were separated and their concentrations were enriched using the solvent extraction and stripping techniques. The impervious sulfur (S0) layer of the spent catalyst sample was removed using carbon disulfide (CS2). The advantages of S0removal were evaluated by conducting different sets of the Mo leaching experiments and they were further examined by varying different conditions such as three lixiviants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) addition, and three leaching parameters. The leaching rate increased in an order, e.g. acetone washed < acetone-CS2 washed < acetone washed-H2O2 < acetone-CS2 washed-H2O2, for the experimental concentration range of different lixiviants with the maximum of 94.8%(w/w) Mo dissolution in a single step. Optimization of the pulp density was important as the interaction of lixiviant molecules with multiple reacting solid particles decreased the driving force of the chemical reactions. The solvent extraction followed by the stripping technique was found to be excellent as the concentration of vanadium and molybdenum enriched from 0.55 to 1.9 M and 0.0448 to 1.08 M, respectively.
Liver stiffness measured by acoustic radiation force impulse elastography predicted prognoses of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Lee Pei-Chang , Chiou Yi-You , Chiu Nai-Chi , Chen Ping-Hsien , Liu Chien-An , Kao Wei-Yu , Huo Teh-Ia , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih , Lin Han-Chieh , Wu Jaw-Ching , Su Chien-Wei
Published: February 2020

The prognostic factors of patients who undergo radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the role of liver stiffness (LS) and spleen stiffness (SS) measured by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in determining the prognoses of patients with HCC after RFA. We prospectively enrolled 173 patients with HCC who underwent ARFI elastography for measurement of LS and SS on the same day of RFA. Overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) after adjusting for competing mortality, and presence of hepatic decompensation were investigated. Patients with LS > 1.5 m/s had significantly shorter OS and RFS than their counterparts. Anti-viral treatment (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.396, p = 0.015) and LS > 1.5 m/s (HR 4.105, p = 0.028) correlated with OS by a multivariate analysis. Besides, serum alpha fetoprotein >10 ng/mL and LS > 1.5 m/s independently predicted poorer RFS. On the other hand, anti-viral treatment (HR: 0.315, p = 0.010), creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL (HR: 9.447, p = 0.006), and SS > 2.7 m/s (HR: 2.869, p = 0.044) predicted a higher risk of hepatic decompensation. In conclusion, LS but not SS measured by ARFI elastography predicted tumor recurrence and OS in RFA-treated HCC; whereas, SS predicted development of hepatic decompensation in these patients.
Development of a real-time PCR assay for the identification and quantification of bovine ingredient in processed meat products
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Lu Lixia , Xiong Xiaohui , Xiong Xiong , Liu Yuanjian
Published: February 2020

In order to find fraudulent species substitution in meat products, a highly sensitive and rapid assay for meat species identification and quantification is urgently needed. In this study, species-specific primers and probes were designed from the mitochondrial cytb (cytochrome b) fragment for identification and quantification of bovine ingredient in commercial meat products. Bovine samples and non-bovine ones were used to identify the specificity, sensitivity, and applicability of established assay. Results showed that the primers and probes were highly specific for bovine ingredient in meat products. The absolute detection limit of the real-time PCR method was 0.025 ng DNA, and the relative detection limit was 0.002% (w/w) of positive samples. The quantitative real-time PCR assay was validated on simulated meat samples and high in the precision and accuracy. In order to demonstrate the applicability and reliability of the proposed assay in practical products, the 22 commercial meat products including salted, jerkies, and meatball were used. The results indicated the established method has a good stability in detection of bovine ingredient in real food. The established method in this study showed specificity and sensitivity in identification and quantification of beef meat in processed meat products.
Bone regeneration of minipig mandibular defect by adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded tri-calcium phosphate- poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds
Authors: Probst Florian Andreas , Fliefel Riham , Burian Egon , Probst Monika , Eddicks Matthias , Cornelsen Matthias , Riedl Christina , Seitz Hermann , Aszódi Attila , Schieker Matthias , Otto Sven
Published: February 2020

Reconstruction of bone defects represents a serious issue for orthopaedic and maxillofacial surgeons, especially in extensive bone loss. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) with tri-calcium phosphates (TCP) are widely used for bone regeneration facilitating the formation of bone extracellular matrix to promote reparative osteogenesis. The present study assessed the potential of cell-scaffold constructs for the regeneration of extensive mandibular bone defects in a minipig model. Sixteen skeletally mature miniature pigs were divided into two groups: Control group and scaffolds seeded with osteogenic differentiated pADSCs (n = 8/group). TCP-PLGA scaffolds with or without cells were integrated in the mandibular critical size defects and fixed by titanium osteosynthesis plates. After 12 weeks, ADSCs seeded scaffolds (n = 7) demonstrated significantly higher bone volume (34.8% ± 4.80%) than scaffolds implanted without cells (n = 6, 22.4% ± 9.85%) in the micro-CT (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increased amount of osteocalcin deposition was found in the test group in comparison to the control group (27.98 ± 2.81% vs 17.10 ± 3.57%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ADSCs seeding on ceramic/polymer scaffolds improves bone regeneration in large mandibular defects. However, further improvement with regard to the osteogenic capacity is necessary to transfer this concept into clinical use.
Author Correction: Genome-wide identification of Major Intrinsic Proteins in Glycine soja and characterization of GmTIP2;1 function under salt and water stress
Authors: Zhang Da-yong , Kumar Manoj , Xu Ling , Wan Qun , Huang Yi-hong , Xu Zhao-Long , He Xiao-Lan , Ma Jin-Biao , Pandey Girdhar K. , Shao Hong-Bo
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Transcription Factor HOXA9 is Linked to the Calcification and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Yilan , Kim Hyeung Kyoo , Lee Jeonghun , Soh Euy Young , Kim Jang-Hee , Song Insun , Chung Yoon-Sok , Choi Yong Jun
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Polyoxovanadate-iodobodipy supramolecular assemblies: new agents for high efficiency cancer photochemotherapy
Authors: Gu Yaqi , Li Qi , Huang Yichao , Zhu Yingting , Wei Yongge , Ruhlmann Laurent
Published: February 2020

Two novel polyoxovanadate-iodoBodipy supramolecular assemblies, named as (2I-BDP-C6)2V6 and (2I-BDP-C6)3V10, were first synthesized by the self-assembly of anionic hexavanadate and decavanadate with cationic iodoBodipy for photochemotherapy, respectively.
Surface effects on the degree of twist in amyloid fibril structures
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Tian Mengting , Shen Lei
Published: February 2020

We highlight a novel and important factor that causes twist variations in amyloid fibril structures—the presence of surrounding surfaces.
Color tuning of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through cocrystallization: a case study of a metronidazole–pyrogallol cocrystal
Authors: Zheng Kang , Gao Sijia , Chen Meishan , Li Ao , Wu Weiwei , Qian Shaosong , Pang Qiuxiang
Published: February 2020

The visual color of antimicrobial drug metronidazole is tuned through cocrystallization with pyrogallol, offering a new modification approach.
Effect of crystal growth kinetics on the formation of liquid inclusions in tetramethylpyrazine crystals
Authors: Wang Yaoguo , Zhang Nuoyang , Hou Baohong , Yin Qiuxiang , Gong Junbo , Tang Weiwei
Published: February 2020

Inclusion of mother liquids inside the pharmaceutical crystals poses a great challenge and threat to the product quality and purification efficiency. Herein we demonstrate how growth kinetics tune the formation of liquid inclusion and its occluded mechanism.
Interfacial structure in the liquid–liquid extraction of rare earth elements by phosphoric acid ligands: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Dwadasi Balarama Sridhar , Goverapet Srinivasan Sriram , Rai Beena
Published: February 2020

MD simulations reveal the chemical and physical heterogeneity at the liquid–liquid interface, nature of complexes formed by phosphoric acid ligands with lanthanides, and the sequence of events in the extraction of these ions.
Role of ring-enlargement reactions in the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Baroncelli Martina , Mao Qian , Galle Simon , Hansen Nils , Pitsch Heinz
Published: February 2020

Ring-enlargement reactions can provide a fast route towards the formation of six-membered single-ring or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Ruthenium-based catalysts for water oxidation: the key role of carboxyl groups as proton acceptors
Authors: Liu Yuting , Su Xiaofang , Guan Wei , Yan Likai
Published: February 2020

In this work, the mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by an Ru-based complex [Ru(L)]+ (L = 5,5-chelated 2-carboxy-phen, 2,2′;6′,2′′-terpyridine) was studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Influence of molecular design on radical spin multiplicity: characterisation of BODIPY dyad and triad radical anions
Authors: Mangham Barry , Hanson-Heine Magnus W. D. , Davies E. Stephen , Wriglesworth Alisdair , George Michael W. , Lewis William , Kays Deborah L. , McMaster Jonathan , Besley Nicholas A. , Champness Neil R.
Published: February 2020

A strategy to create organic molecules with high degrees of radical spin multiplicity is reported in which molecular design is correlated with the behaviour of radical anions in a series of BODIPY dyads.
Revisiting nuclear tunnelling in the aqueous ferrous–ferric electron transfer
Authors: Fang Wei , Zarotiadis Rhiannon A. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: February 2020

We find that golden-rule quantum transition-state theory predicts nearly an order of magnitude less tunnelling than some of the previous estimates. This may indicate that the spin-boson model of electron transfer is not valid in the quantum regime.
Regeneration of water-deactivated Cu/SAPO-34(MO) with acids
Authors: Woo Jungwon , Bernin Diana , Ahari Homayoun , Shost Mark , Zammit Michael , Olsson Louise
Published: February 2020

Deactivation and acid regeneration of Cu/SAPO-34 used for NH3 SCR.
Electronic influence of substitution on the pyridine ring within NNN pincer-type molecules
Authors: Schwartz Timothy M. , Burnett Marianne E. , Green Kayla N.
Published: February 2020

Pincer molecules are of increasing interest due to the modular nature of modification and range of reactivity observed when coordinated to metal ions. * The OBn was observed to have both electron withdrawing and donating character.
Double donation in trigonal planar iron–carbodiphosphorane complexes – a concise study on their spectroscopic and electronic properties
Authors: Kneusels Nis-Julian H. , Münzer Jörn E. , Flosdorf Kimon , Jiang Dandan , Neumüller Bernhard , Zhao Lili , Eichhöfer Andreas , Frenking Gernot , Kuzu Istemi
Published: February 2020

Trigonal planar carbodiphosphorane (CDP) iron(ii) complexes [CDPR-Fe{N(SiMe3)2}2] (CDPR: R = Ph or Me) with high spin configurations are presented.
Novel iridium complexes with N-heterocyclic dicarbene ligands in light-driven water oxidation catalysis: photon management, ligand effect and catalyst evolution
Authors: Volpe Andrea , Natali Mirco , Graiff Claudia , Sartorel Andrea , Tubaro Cristina , Bonchio Marcella
Published: February 2020

Iridium complexes with N-heterocyclic dicarbene ligands have been investigated in light driven water oxidation catalysis within the Ru(bpy)32+/S2O82− cycle.
Elucidating the performance of an integrated laccase- and persulfate-assisted process for degradation of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs)
Authors: Asif Muhammad B. , van de Merwe Jason P. , Leusch Frederic D. L. , Pramanik Biplob K. , Price William E. , Hai Faisal I.
Published: February 2020

This study presents the performance of an integrated laccase and persulfate oxidation process for trace organic contaminant degradation and elucidates the performance governing factors.
A successful search for new, efficient, and silver-free manufacturing processes for key platinum(ii) intermediates applied in antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) production
Authors: Merkul Eugen , Sijbrandi Niels J. , Aydin Ibrahim , Muns Joey A. , Peters Ruud J. R. W. , Laarhoven Paul , Houthoff Hendrik-Jan , van Dongen Guus A. M. S.
Published: February 2020

A silver-free amination procedure was developed to obtain an important class of Pt(II) complexes as direct precursors for antibody-drug conjugates.
A magnetically separable and recyclable g-C3N4/Fe3O4/porous ruthenium nanocatalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of water-soluble aromatic amines and azo dyes
Authors: Sahoo Anupam , Patra Srikanta
Published: February 2020

A magnetically separable and recyclable g-C3N4/Fe3O4/porous ruthenium nanocatalyst display excellent photocatalytic degradation of water-soluble aromatic amines and azo dyes at ambient condition.
Probing enzymatic activity – a radical approach
Authors: Taylor Neil C. , Hessman Gary , Kramer Holger B. , McGouran Joanna F.
Published: February 2020

Latent activity-based probes have been developed for deubiquitinating enzymes using a thiol–ene strategy, labelling following a specific binding interaction.
Novel NIR-II organic fluorophores for bioimaging beyond 1550 nm
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Yufang , Li Qianqian , Zeng Xiaodong , Tian Tian , Zhou Wenyi , Cui Yan , Wang Xikun , Cheng Xiaoding , Ding Qihang , Wang Xiaofei , Wu Junzhu , Deng Hai , Li Yanqin , Meng Xianli , Deng Zixin , Hong Xuechuan , Xiao Yuling
Published: February 2020

Novel NIR-II organic fluorophores were designed and synthesized using an AIE and highly twisted donor–acceptor distortion strategy for bio-imaging beyond 1550 nm.
Efficient one-pot valorization of ethanol to 1-butanol over an earth-abundant Ni–MgO catalyst under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Hao , Miao Gai , Kong Lingzhao , Luo Hu , Zhang Yanfei , Zhao Xinpeng , Li Shenggang , Sun Yuhan
Published: February 2020

Efficient one-pot valorization of ethanol to 1-butanol over non-precious Ni–MgO catalyst was exploited to attain a superior yield of 23.7% under mild conditions.
Energy dissipation via the internal fracture of the silica particle network in inorganic/organic double network ion gels
Authors: Yasui Tomoki , Fujinami So , Hoshino Taiki , Kamio Eiji , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: February 2020

Internal fracture of a silica particle network in inorganic/organic double-network ion gels was directly evaluated using SAXS.
Formal α-trifluoromethylthiolation of carboxylic acid derivatives via N-acyl pyrazoles
Authors: Franco Francesca , Meninno Sara , Benaglia Maurizio , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: February 2020

A direct and general one-pot approach to α-trifluoromethylthiolated amides, esters and carboxylic acids has been successfully developed under mild, catalytic and metal-free conditions.
Constructing polymers towards ultrathin nanosheets with dual mesopores and intrinsic photoactivity
Authors: Wen Yu , Wei Facai , Xu Wei , Jiang Xiaolin , Cui Jing , Ai Yan , Chen Jinming , Cui Anyang , Hu Zhigao , Fu Jianwei , Liu Shaohua , He Qingguo , Cheng Jiangong
Published: February 2020

Ultrathin dual-mesoporous conjugated polymer nanosheets were exploited, which exhibited inherent fluorescence-based photoactivity and effective detectability for organophosphates.
Anchoring copper nanoclusters to Zn-containing hydroxy double salt: construction of 2D surface confinement induced enhanced emission toward bio-enzyme sensing and light-emitting diode fabrication
Authors: Yang Jinlan , Li Zheng , Jia Qiong
Published: February 2020

Surface CIEE based on Zn-HDS as host material and GSH-CuNCs as guest molecules was developed to produce fluorescence composite GSH-CuNCs/Zn-HDS for the first time.
Structure-tunable supraparticle assemblies of hollow cupric oxide sheathed with nanographenes
Authors: Gu Minsu , Lee Woo-ram , Kim Minkyung , Kang Jiwoong , Lee Jae Sung , Thompson Levi T. , Kim Byeong-Su
Published: February 2020

Self-assembled supraparticles (SPs), a secondary structure of clustered nanoparticles of hollow Cu2O SPs, were prepared using a cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) during the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles.
Synthesis of composition-tunable Pd–Cu alloy nanoparticles by double target sputtering
Authors: Chau Yuen-ting Rachel , Nguyen Mai Thanh , Zhu Mingbei , Romier Arnaud , Tokunaga Tomoharu , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: February 2020

In this work, we introduce a green synthesis technique, double-target sputtering into a liquid polymer – polyethylene glycol (PEG, M. W. = 600), to synthesize palladium–copper (Pd–Cu) alloy nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in PEG.
Antibody-free isolation and regulation of adherent cancer cells via hybrid branched microtube-sandwiched hydrodynamic system
Authors: Feng Jianming , Mo Jingshan , Zhang Aihua , Liu Di , Zhou Lingfei , Hang Tian , Yang Cheng , Wu Qianni , Xia Dehua , Wen Rui , Yang Jiang , Feng Yuping , Huang Yan , Hu Ning , He Gen , Xie Xi
Published: February 2020

A facile methodology for multifunctional antibody-free isolation and in situ delivery of tumor cells based on hybrid branched microtube-sandwiched hydrodynamic system.
Covalent interactions between carbon nanotubes and P3HT by thiol–ene click chemistry towards improved thermoelectric performance
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Wang Xinglong , Chen Xin , Liu Ying , Xie Yannan , Xu Hui
Published: February 2020

Covalently connected multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanocomposites via a thiol–ene click reaction show improved thermoelectric performance for their use in a flexible thermoelectric generator.
Light-controlled switchable complexation by a non-photoresponsive hydrogen-bonded amide macrocycle
Authors: Kothapalli Sudarshana Santhosh Kumar , Kannekanti Vijaya Kumar , Ye Zecong , Yang Zhiyao , Chen Lixi , Cai Yimin , Zhu Beichen , Feng Wen , Yuan Lihua
Published: February 2020

A light controlled switchable host–guest system based on a non-photoresponsive H-bonded macrocycle and pyridinium salts was developed using a photoacid.
Comprehensive analysis of the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum transcriptional profile reveals dynamic metabolic modulation
Authors: Martins Maíra Pompeu , Rossi Antonio , Sanches Pablo Rodrigo , Bortolossi Julio Cesar , Martinez-Rossi Nilce Maria
Published: February 2020

The environmental challenges imposed onto fungal pathogens require a dynamic metabolic modulation, which relies on activation or repression of critical factors and is essential for the establishment and perpetuation of host infection. Wherefore, to overcome the different host microenvironments, pathogens not only depend on virulence factors but also on metabolic flexibility, which ensures their dynamic response to stress conditions in the host. Here, we evaluate Trichophyton rubrum interaction with keratin from a metabolic perspective. We present information about gene modulation of the dermatophyte during early infection stage after shifting from glucose- to keratin-containing culture media, in relation to its use of glucose as the carbon source. Analyzing T. rubrum transcriptome using high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology, we identified the modulation of essential genes related to nitrogen, fatty acid, ergosterol, and carbohydrate metabolisms, among a myriad of other genes necessary for the growth of T. rubrum in keratinized tissues. Our results provide reliable and critical strategies for adaptation to keratin and confirm that the urea-degrading activity associated with the reduction in disulfide bonds and proteolytic activity facilitated keratin degradation. The global modulation orchestrates the responses that support virulence and the proper adaptation to keratin compared with glucose as the carbon source. The gene expression profiling of the host-pathogen interaction highlights candidate genes involved in fungal adaptation and survival and elucidates the machinery required for the establishment of the initial stages of infection.
Development and pattern identification of end‐winding discharge under effect of relative humidity and temperature for HV motors
Authors: Kang Ailiang , Tian Muqin , Li Chuanyang , Song Jiancheng , Vincenzo Suraci Simone , Li Wei , Lin Lingyan , Lei Zhipeng , Fabiani Davide
Published: February 2020

During operation of high voltage (HV) motors, different types of discharges, e.g. surface discharge, corona discharge and bar‐to‐bar discharge can occur at the same time, increasing the difficulty of partial discharge (PD) sources determination and PDs pattern identification. In this study, the end‐winding of a 10 kV motor coil was artificially aged and the related PD was measured. The initiation and variation of different PDs under multi‐factor stresses were studied. The localised fingerprints coexisting with multiple PDs were identified and analysed. The results confirm that the end‐winding discharge process was significantly influenced by the experiment relative humidity (RH) and temperature. The bar‐to‐bar discharge was easily recognised at a lower voltage since the identification of bar‐to‐bar discharge pattern would be affected by the corona discharge pattern at a higher voltage. It is shown that it is more difficult for the corona discharge to be detected when RH exceeded 80%, while the surface discharge dominated at the higher RH. In addition, the PDs were more easily identified with the rise of the temperature. This study can provide a reference in PD identification test and be useful for the PD online monitoring of HV motors.
Commutation overshoots based on a novel model for series thyristors during the turn‐off process
Authors: Tang Yingjie , Xu Zheng , Xiao Huangqing , Yue Bo , Li Xuan
Published: February 2020

The commutation overshoot is an important reference index for the insulation coordination of the converter station as well as the thyristor voltage capacity. Although the dispersity of reverse recovery charges of series thyristors may affect commutation overshoots, especially those at the thyristor level, little literature has tried to analyse it in detail. Firstly, this study compares the turn‐off models of independent thyristor and elaborates their applicability to series thyristors. Then, a novel model for series thyristors during the turn‐off process is proposed, based on which the turn‐off model of converter valve is also established. Subsequently, the validity and efficiency of the proposed model are discussed by simulations and it is applied to the analysis of commutation overshoots. The analysis shows that though the average model can be used to estimate the valve voltage stresses, it may lead to large errors in the thyristor voltage stress. And selecting the 1:n − 1 distribution as the distribution mode of reverse recovery charge in series thyristors will result in very conservative results.
RootsGLOH2: embedding RootSIFT ‘square rooting’ in sGLOH2
Authors: Bellavia Fabio , Colombo Carlo
Published: February 2020

This study introduces an extension of the sGLOH2 local image descriptor inspired by RootSIFT ‘square rooting’ as a way to indirectly alter the matching distance used to compare the descriptor vectors. The extended descriptor, named RootsGLOH2, achieved the best results in terms of matching accuracy and robustness among the latest state‐of‐the‐art non‐deep descriptors in recent evaluation contests dealing with both planar and non‐planar scenes. RootsGLOH2 also achieves a matching accuracy very close to that obtained by the best deep descriptors to date. Beside confirming that ‘square rooting’ has beneficial effects on sGLOH2 as it happens on SIFT, experimental evidence shows that classical norm‐based distances, such as the Euclidean and Manhattan distances, only provide suboptimal solutions to the problem of local image descriptor matching. This suggests matching distance design as a topic to investigate further in the near future.
Statistical mass function of prestellar cores from the density distribution of their natal clouds
Authors: Donkov S. , Veltchev T. V. , Girichidis Ph. , Klessen R. S.
Published: February 2020

The mass function of clumps observed in molecular clouds raises interesting theoretical issues, especially in its relation to the stellar initial mass function (IMF). We propose a statistical model of the mass function of prestellar cores (CMF), formed in self-gravitating isothermal clouds at a given stage of their evolution. The latter is characterized by the mass-density probability distribution function (ρ-PDF), which is a power-law with slope q. The different molecular clouds are divided into ensembles according to the PDF slope and each ensemble is represented by a single spherical cloud. The cores are considered as elements of self-similar structure typical for fractal clouds and are modeled by spherical objects populating each cloud shell. Our model assumes relations between size, mass, and density of the statistical cores. Out of these, a core mass-density relationship ρ ∝ mx is derived where x = 1∕(1 + q). We find that q determines the existence or nonexistence of a threshold density for core collapse. The derived general CMF is a power law of slope − 1 while the CMF of gravitationally unstable cores has a slope (−1 + x∕2), comparable with the slopes of the high-mass part of the stellar IMF and of observational CMFs.
Editorial
Authors: Rehart St.
Published: February 2020

Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,

liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen in der „Rheumatologie“,

in der vorliegenden Ausgabe stellen wir Ihnen ganz verschiedene Facetten des
umfangreichen Feldes der Arthrose vor.
A Short Review on the Safety of Bromphenol Blue for Dye-Assisted Vitreoretinal Interventions
Authors: Gerding Heinrich
Published: February 2020

Bromphenol blue was approved for the intraoperative staining of the vitreous, epiretinal membranes, and internal limiting membrane of the retina several years ago. It has been marketed as a combined dye formulation of bromphenol blue (1.3 mg/mL) and brilliant blue G (0.25 mg/mL). So far, comprehensive information on preclinical and clinical safety data of bromphenol blue is lacking. A PubMed analysis of available literature was performed. Ten relevant publications on preclinical and clinical evaluations of bromphenol blue were found. It is striking that almost no safety data is available on the presently used clinical product. Current clinical use seems not completely be justified by scientific safety data.
Infodemiology of Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis using Google Trends – an approach to investigate patient needs
Authors: Keller Ronald , Fusco Stefano , Stange Eduard F. , Malek Nisar P. , Wehkamp Jan , Klag Thomas
Published: February 2020

Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) highly affect quality of life. The course of disease and success of treatment are variable. These factors result in a high number of psychiatric comorbidities with patients requiring extensive medical consultation or additional psychotherapy. Unfortunately, time is often limited in daily clinical care, which leaves patients not feeling sufficiently informed about their disease. Patients often compensate by searching the internet, with possibly harmful information. We aim to identify information gaps to allow a more complete education of patients.

Methods We analyzed the internet search behavior using the key words [Morbus Crohn] (CD) and [Colitis ulcerosa] (UC) using Google Trends. In addition, we investigated which websites are the first hits on Google, as those are most likely visited by patients.

Results Symptoms, nutrition and therapy are central topics for persons interested in IBD. The searches concerning symptoms or therapies do not match the actual incidence or prevalence of comorbidities as well as the more commonly used therapies or established nutritional recommendations. We found a distinct impact of well-known personalities on disease related searches. The first suggested websites on google showed great heterogeneity of responsible publishers, often with possible conflict of interests. In line with those observations, quality of website content is highly heterogeneous.

Conclusion This study showed a need of information concerning symptoms, nutrition and therapy that should be considered during patient education. Since time in physician patient dialogue is short it may be helpful to further evaluate websites independently in order to give recommendations of websites offering reliable information.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorenes by Intramolecular C(sp2)–H Activation at Room Temperature
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tanji Yutaka , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: February 2020

The synthesis of fluorenes by intramolecular Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)–H activation of 2-arylbenzyl chlorides was conducted at room temperature by using commercially available triphenylphosphine and pivalic acid as ligands. The desired reactions proceeded efficiently at room temperature, and various substrates were converted into the corresponding fluorene derivatives in excellent yields.
Unusual Transformations of Cyclic Allenes with an Enamine Moiety into Complex Frameworks
Authors: Titov Alexander A. , Kobzev Maxim S. , Borisova Tatiana N. , Sorokina Elena A. , Van der Eycken Erik , Varlamov Alexey V. , Voskressensky Leonid G.
Published: February 2020

The thermolysis reactions of benzoazacyclodecatrienes under microwave irradiation conditions in toluene at 150 °C afforded complex azabenzo[a]cyclopropa[cd]azulene and (epiminomethano)cyclopenta[a]indene frameworks. Cyclopropanes were established as intermediates of the ultimate thermolysis products.