bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Petrobia (Mesotetranychus) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae) in Iran
Authors: Mahdavi Sayed Mosayeb , Latif Malihe , Asadi Mahdieh
Published: June 2018

A new species of the spider mite genus Petrobia Murray, 1877 subgenus Mesotetranychus, Petrobia iranica sp. nov. is described from females, deutonymphs and protonymphs collected from Ephedra sp. in southeast of Iran (Kerman Province). This is the ninth and the second report of this subgenus for the world and Iran, respectively. A key to all known species of subgenus Mesotetranychus is also provided.
Life cycle of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini 1888 (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Senbill Haytham , Hazarika Lakshmi Kanta , Baruah Aiswarya , Borah Deepak Kumar , Bhattacharyya Badal , Rahman Sahidur
Published: June 2018

The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most important tick species affecting bovine wealth worldwide. Three uninterrupted generations of this species were observed under laboratory conditions (28±3 oC and 80±5% R.H.) using rabbit hosts. The average life cycle was determined as 65±8 days. Adult feeding period averaged 7.1±1.24 days. Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods averaged 4.1±1.3 days and 8.6±0.85 days, respectively. Pre-hatching periods averaged 21.03±2.99 days. Larval free-living and feeding to moulting periods averaged 3.5±0.75 days and 7.9±0.69 days, respectively. Nymphal feeding to moulting periods averaged 10.9±1.38 days. Weights of unfed and fed females averaged 1.26±0.29 mg and 120.32±45.6 mg, respectively and produced egg masses with average weights of 29.5±9.03 mg. Number of eggs per female averaged 1455.3±434.5 eggs with peak oviposition on the 3rd day. Average hatching rate was 83.5±2.94%, and the reproduction efficiency index averaged at 12.79±2.85. The conversion efficiency index averaged at 0.26±0.05 and the reproduction fitness index averaged at 10.68±2.4. Tick recovery rate averaged at 4.7%. A strong linear relationship was found between weights of engorged females and weights of egg masses (r = 0.83) and also between weights of engorged females and number of eggs laid (r = 0.82). This work aims to describe temporal and quantitative biological facts of R. (B.) microplus life cycles. Few studies have discussed R. (B.) microplus biology in quantitative terms, and these data can be useful in designing control plans or in epidemiological studies under laboratory conditions.
Molecular Confirmation of the Linkage between the
Rhizopus oryzae CYP51A
Gene Coding Region and Its Intrinsic Voriconazole and Fluconazole Resistance
Authors: Macedo Daiana , Leonardelli Florencia , Dudiuk Catiana , Theill Laura , Cabeza Matías S. , Gamarra Soledad , Garcia-Effron Guillermo
Published: June 2018

Rhizopus oryzae
is the most prevalent causative agent of mucormycosis, an increasingly reported opportunistic fungal infection. These Mucorales are intrinsically resistant to
Candida
- and
Aspergillus
-active antifungal azole drugs, such as fluconazole (FLC) and voriconazole, respectively.
Severe Renal Impairment Has Minimal Impact on Doravirine Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Ankrom Wendy , Yee Ka Lai , Sanchez Rosa I. , Adedoyin Adedayo , Fan Li , Marbury Thomas , Preston Richard A. , Iwamoto Marian , Khalilieh Sauzanne G.
Published: June 2018

Doravirine is a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in development for use with other antiretroviral therapies to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Doravirine metabolism predominantly occurs via cytochrome P450 3A with <10% of elimination occurring via the renal pathway.
Urine Cytokine and Chemokine Levels Predict Urinary Tract Infection Severity Independent of Uropathogen, Urine Bacterial Burden, Host Genetics, and Host Age
Authors: Armbruster Chelsie E. , Smith Sara N. , Mody Lona , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: June 2018

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide. Diagnosing UTIs in older adults poses a significant challenge as asymptomatic colonization is common.
SslE (YghJ), a Cell-Associated and Secreted Lipoprotein of Neonatal Septicemic Escherichia coli, Induces Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Macrophage Activation and Proinflammation through NF-κB and MAP Kinase Signaling
Authors: Tapader Rima , Bose Dipro , Dutta Pujarini , Das Santasabuj , Pal Amit
Published: June 2018

SslE (YghJ), a cell surface-associated and secreted lipoprotein, was identified as a potential vaccine candidate for extraintestinal pathogenic
Escherichia coli
, providing nearly complete protection from sepsis in a mouse model. We earlier found that SslE from neonatal septicemic
E. coli
could trigger the secretion of various proinflammatory cytokines in murine macrophages, the signaling pathway of which is still obscure.
In Vitro
Evaluation of BacT/Alert FA Blood Culture Bottles and T2Candida Assay for Detection of Candida in the Presence of Antifungals
Authors: Beyda Nicholas D. , Amadio Jonathan , Rodriguez Jose R. , Malinowski Karen , Garey Kevin W. , Wanger Audrey , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis
Published: June 2018

The T2Candida assay is a novel, non-culture-based assay for the diagnosis of candidemia directly from whole blood. The impact of antifungals on the performance of the T2Candida assay and blood culture bottles has not been well described.
The Influenza B Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Is Less Tolerant to Transposon Mutagenesis than That of the Influenza A Virus
Authors: Fulton Benjamin O. , Sun Weina , Heaton Nicholas S. , Palese Peter
Published: June 2018

Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and result in significant human morbidity and mortality. Influenza viruses persist in the human population through generating mutations in the hemagglutinin head domain that prevent antibody recognition. Despite the similar selective pressures on influenza A and B viruses, influenza A virus displays a higher rate and breadth of antigenic variability than influenza B virus. A transposon mutagenesis screen was used to examine if the reduced antigenic variability of influenza B virus was due to inherent differences in mutational tolerance. This study demonstrates that the influenza A virus head domain and the individual antigenic sites targeted by humoral responses are more tolerant to insertions than those of influenza B virus. This finding sheds light on the genetic factors controlling the antigenic evolution of influenza viruses.
Screening and Identification of Lassa Virus Entry Inhibitors from an FDA-Approved Drug Library
Authors: Wang Peilin , Liu Yang , Zhang Guangshun , Wang Shaobo , Guo Jiao , Cao Junyuan , Jia Xiaoying , Zhang Leike , Xiao Gengfu , Wang Wei
Published: June 2018

Currently, there is no approved therapy to treat Lassa fever; therefore, repurposing of approved drugs will accelerate the development of a therapeutic stratagem. In this study, we screened an FDA-approved library of drugs and identified two compounds, lacidipine and phenothrin, which inhibited Lassa virus entry by blocking low-pH-induced membrane fusion. Additionally, both compounds extended their inhibition against the entry of Guanarito virus, and the viral targets were identified as the SSP-GP2 interface.
High-Throughput Screening of Type III Secretion Determinants Reveals a Major Chaperone-Independent Pathway
Authors: Ernst Nadja Heinz , Reeves Analise Z. , Ramseyer Julia E. , Lesser Cammie F.
Published: June 2018

Numerous Gram-negative bacterial pathogens utilize type III secretion systems (T3SSs) to inject tens of effector proteins directly into the cytosol of host cells. Through interactions with cognate chaperones, type III effectors are defined and recruited to the sorting platform, a cytoplasmic component of these membrane-embedded nanomachines. However, notably, a comprehensive review of the literature reveals that the secretion of most type III effectors has not yet been linked to a chaperone, raising questions regarding the existence of unknown chaperones as well as the universality of chaperones in effector secretion. Here, we describe the development of the first high-throughput type III secretion (T3S) assay, a semiautomated solid-plate-based assay, which enables the side-by-side comparison of secretion of over 20
Shigella
effectors under a multitude of conditions. Strikingly, we found that the majority of
Shigella
effectors are secreted at equivalent levels by wild-type and variants of
Shigella
that no longer encode one or all known
Shigella
T3S effector chaperones. In addition, we found that
Shigella
effectors are efficiently secreted from a laboratory strain of
Escherichia coli
expressing the core
Shigella
type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) but no other
Shigella
-
specific proteins. Furthermore, we observed that the sequences necessary and sufficient to define chaperone-dependent and -independent effectors are fundamentally different. Together, these findings support the existence of a major, previously unrecognized, noncanonical chaperone-independent secretion pathway that is likely common to many T3SSs.

IMPORTANCE
Many bacterial pathogens use specialized nanomachines, including type III secretion systems, to directly inject virulence proteins (effectors) into host cells. Here, we present the first extensive analysis of chaperone dependence in the process of type III effector secretion, providing strong evidence for the existence of a previously unrecognized chaperone-independent pathway. This noncanonical pathway is likely common to many bacteria, as an extensive review of the literature reveals that the secretion of multiple type III effectors has not yet been knowingly linked to a chaperone. While additional studies will be required to discern the molecular details of this pathway, its prevalence suggests that it can likely serve as a new target for the development of antimicrobial agents.
The Impact of Low-Dose Glucocorticoids on Disease Activity, Bone Mineral Density, Fragility Fractures, and 10-Year Probability of Fractures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cheng Tien-Tsai , Lai Han-Ming , Yu Shan-Fu , Chiu Wen-Chan , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Chen Jia-Feng , Chen Ying-Chou
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-dose glucocorticoids (LDGs) on disease activity, bone density, and fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This was an interim analysis of the RA Registry. Demographic data and clinical characteristics, including fracture risk assessment tool, were collected. 25(OH) Vitamin D, bone mineral density (BMD), and intact parathyroid hormone were measured at enrollment. The study group were those who took LDGs (2.5–7.5 mg/day prednisolone or equivalent dose), and the others were included as the control group. A total of 425 participants were enrolled, including 85 (20%) in the control group and 340 (80%) in the study group. The demographics and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the LDGs group had a significantly lower vertebral BMD (L 1–4) (g/cm2), (0.854 vs 0.896, p=0.046), significantly higher rate of previous fractures (103 (30.3%) vs 13 (15.3%), p=0.006), higher 10-year probability of major fractures (14 (15.5) vs 8 (8.6), p<0.0001), and higher 10-year probability of hip fractures (4.4 (8.4) vs 2 (3.9), p<0.0001). Disease activity appeared to be similar in the patients with RA regardless of whether or not they received LDG treatment. However, the patients with RA who received LDG treatment had a lower BMD at the spine (L1–4) and a higher rate of previous fractures that was associated with a significantly higher 10-year probability of fractures than those who did not receive LDG treatment.
Models of compact stars of embedding class one for anisotropic distributions satisfying Karmarkar condition
Authors: Pandya D.M. , Thomas V.O.
Published: June 2018

A new exact solution of Einstein’s field equations on the background of paraboloidal space–time using Karmarkar condition is reported. The physical acceptability conditions of the model are investigated and found that the model is compatible with a number of compact star candidates like Her X-1, LMC X-4, EXO 1785-248, PSR J1903+327, Vela X-1, and PSR J1614-2230. A noteworthy feature of the model is that it is geometrically significant and simple in form.
Online Scheduling of Incompatible Family Jobs with Equal Length on an Unbounded Parallel-Batch Machine with Job Delivery
Authors: Liu Qijia , Yuan Jinjiang
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we consider the online scheduling of incompatible family jobs with equal length on an unbounded parallel-batch machine with job delivery. The jobs arrive online over time and belong to [Formula: see text] incompatible job families, where [Formula: see text] is known in advance. The jobs are first processed in batches on an unbounded parallel-batch machine and then the completed jobs are delivered in batches by a vehicle with infinite capacity to their customers. The jobs from distinct families cannot be processed and delivered in the same batch. The objective is to minimize the maximum delivery completion time of the jobs. For this problem, we present an online algorithm with the best competitive ratio of [Formula: see text].
Second-Order Symmetric Duality in Variational Control Problems Over Cone Constraints
Authors: Jayswal Anurag , Jha Shalini , Prasad Ashish Kumar , Ahmad Izhar
Published: June 2018

In the present paper, we introduce a pair of multiobjective second-order symmetric variational control programs over cone constraints and derive weak, strong and converse duality theorems under second-order [Formula: see text]-convexity assumption. Moreover, self-duality theorem is also discussed. Our results extend some of the known results in literature.
Polar degrees and closest points in codimension two
Authors: Helmer Martin , Nødland Bernt Ivar Utstøl
Published: June 2018

Suppose that [Formula: see text] is a toric variety of codimension two defined by an [Formula: see text] integer matrix [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be a Gale dual of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we compute the Euclidean distance degree and polar degrees of [Formula: see text] (along with other associated invariants) combinatorially working from the matrix [Formula: see text]. Our approach allows for the consideration of examples that would be impractical using algebraic or geometric methods. It also yields considerably simpler computational formulas for these invariants, allowing much larger examples to be computed much more quickly than the analogous combinatorial methods using the matrix [Formula: see text] in the codimension two case.
Biogeochemical Controls on Coastal Hypoxia
Authors: Fennel Katja , Testa Jeremy M.
Published: June 2018

Aquatic environments experiencing low-oxygen conditions have been described as hypoxic, suboxic, or anoxic zones; oxygen minimum zones; and, in the popular media, the misnomer “dead zones.” This review aims to elucidate important aspects underlying oxygen depletion in diverse coastal systems and provides a synthesis of general relationships between hypoxia and its controlling factors. After presenting a generic overview of the first-order processes, we review system-specific characteristics for selected estuaries where adjacent human settlements contribute to high nutrient loads, river-dominated shelves that receive large inputs of fresh water and anthropogenic nutrients, and upwelling regions where a supply of nutrient-rich, low-oxygen waters generates oxygen minimum zones without direct anthropogenic influence. We propose a nondimensional number that relates the hypoxia timescale and water residence time to guide the cross-system comparison. Our analysis reveals the basic principles underlying hypoxia generation in coastal systems and provides a framework for discussing future changes.
Xylella fastidiosa: Insights into an Emerging Plant Pathogen
Authors: Sicard Anne , Zeilinger Adam R. , Vanhove Mathieu , Schartel Tyler E. , Beal Dylan J. , Daugherty Matthew P. , Almeida Rodrigo P.P.
Published: June 2018

The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa re-emerged as a plant pathogen of global importance in 2013 when it was first associated with an olive tree disease epidemic in Italy. The current threat to Europe and the Mediterranean basin, as well as other world regions, has increased as multiple X. fastidiosa genotypes have now been detected in Italy, France, and Spain. Although X. fastidiosa has been studied in the Americas for more than a century, there are no therapeutic solutions to suppress disease development in infected plants. Furthermore, because X. fastidiosa is an obligatory plant and insect vector colonizer, the epidemiology and dynamics of each pathosystem are distinct. They depend on the ecological interplay of plant, pathogen, and vector and on how interactions are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, including anthropogenic activities and policy decisions. Our goal with this review is to stimulate discussion and novel research by contextualizing available knowledge on X. fastidiosa and how it may be applicable to emerging diseases.
How Visual Cortical Organization Is Altered by Ophthalmologic and Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Dumoulin Serge O. , Knapen Tomas
Published: June 2018

Receptive fields are a core property of cortical organization. Modern neuroimaging allows routine access to visual population receptive fields (pRFs), enabling investigations of clinical disorders. Yet how the underlying neural circuitry operates is controversial. The controversy surrounds observations that measurements of pRFs can change in healthy adults as well as in patients with a range of ophthalmological and neurological disorders. The debate relates to the balance between plasticity and stability of the underlying neural circuitry. We propose that to move the debate forward, the field needs to define the implied mechanism. First, we review the pRF changes in both healthy subjects and those with clinical disorders. Then, we propose a computational model that describes how pRFs can change in healthy humans. We assert that we can correctly interpret the pRF changes in clinical disorders only if we establish the capabilities and limitations of pRF dynamics in healthy humans with mechanistic models that provide quantitative predictions.
Glioblastoma with Both Oligodendroglioma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor-Like Components in a Case with 9-Year Survival
Authors: Chen Ying-Tso , Hsu Shu-Shong , Yip Chi-Man , Lai Ping-Hong , Lee Huai-Pao
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is characterized by extensive heterogeneity in its clinicopathological presentation. A primary brain tumor with both astrocytic differentiation and neuronal immunophenotype features is rare. Here, we report a long-term survival patient who presented this rare form of GBM in the disease course. Presentation of Case. A 23-year-old woman, presenting with rapidly progressive headache and right-side weakness, was diagnosed with brain tumor over the left basal ganglion. She underwent the first craniectomy for tumor removal, and histopathology revealed classic GBM. Tumor recurrence occurred 8 years later. Another gross total resection was performed and pathology revealed GBM with the oligodendroglioma component (GBM-O). Due to disease progression, she received debulking surgery the following year. The third pathology revealed glioblastoma with primitive neuroectodermal tumor-like component (GBM-PNET). Discussion. GBM-PNETs are collision tumors with both neuronal and glial components. They are rare, and a few case reports have suggested that these tumors are associated with favorable outcomes but a higher risk of cerebrospinal fluid dissemination. Conclusion. We report a patient who developed the distinct pathologic variants of classic GBM, GBM-O, and GBM-PNET, throughout the disease course. Young age, aggressive surgical resection, and pathologic and genetic features may have contributed to the long-term survival of the patient.
The High Origin of the Radial Artery (Brachioradial Artery): Its Anatomical Variations, Clinical Significance, and Contribution to the Blood Supply of the Hand
Authors: Haładaj Robert , Wysiadecki Grzegorz , Dudkiewicz Zbigniew , Polguj Michał , Topol Mirosław
Published: June 2018

Background. This study thoroughly analyzes the anatomic variations of the brachioradial artery (radial artery of high origin) based on the variability of its origin, the presence and types of anastomosis with the brachial artery in the cubital fossa (“cubital crossover” or “cubital connection”), and the pattern of radial recurrent arteries, as well as the vascular territory within the hand. Material and Methods. One hundred and twenty randomly selected, isolated upper limbs fixed in 10% formalin solution were dissected. Results. The radial artery was found to have a high origin in 9.2% of total number of the limbs: two cases from the axillary artery; nine cases from the brachial artery. Anastomosis between the brachioradial and “normal” brachial arteries in the cubital fossa was also frequently observed (54.6%). The anastomosis (“cubital crossover”) was dominant in one case, balanced in three cases, minimal in two cases, and absent in five cases. Conclusions. The brachioradial artery may originate from the brachial and, less frequently, from the axillary artery. Anastomosis between the brachioradial and “normal” brachial arteries in the cubital fossa may be dominant, balanced, minimal, or absent. A complete radioulnar arch was found more often when the brachioradial artery was present as a variant.
Bacterial Spinal Epidural and Psoas Abscess in Pregnancy Associated with Intravenous Drug Use
Authors: Spiegel Strauss Tirtza N. , Pachtman Sarah L. , Rochelson Burton
Published: June 2018

Spontaneous spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare infection of the central nervous system. We report a case of a 25-year-old G3 P0020 at 36 weeks of gestational age with history of intravenous drug abuse presenting with acute-onset and severe back pain. Despite antibiotic therapy, pain worsened and she developed lower extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an SEA, and cesarean delivery was performed secondary to increasing weakness, followed by laminectomy (T9-12) and decompression of epidural abscess. Postoperative course was complicated by a psoas muscle abscess and persistent SEA refractory to antibiotic therapy, requiring surgical reexploration and extended treatment with antibiotics. She was discharged home in stable condition and neonate did well with no resulting sequelae. Spinal epidural and psoas abscesses are rare and diagnosis is often delayed. Prompt recognition and treatment are necessary to prevent catastrophic neurologic consequences, and the diagnosis should be considered in pregnant patients presenting with back pain, especially in those with risk factors.
Robot Path Planning with Avoiding Obstacles in Known Environment Using Free Segments and Turning Points Algorithm
Authors: Hassani Imen , Maalej Imen , Rekik Chokri
Published: June 2018

Currently, the path planning problem is one of the most researched topics in autonomous robotics. That is why finding a safe path in a cluttered environment for a mobile robot is an important requirement for the success of any such mobile robot project. In this work, a developed algorithm based on free segments and a turning point strategy for solving the problem of robot path planning in a static environment is presented. The aim of the turning point approach is to search a safe path for the mobile robot, to make the robot moving from a starting position to a destination position without hitting obstacles. This proposed algorithm handles two different objectives which are the path safety and the path length. In addition, a robust control law which is called sliding mode control is proposed to control the stabilization of an autonomous mobile robot to track a desired trajectory. Finally, simulation results show that the developed approach is a good alternative to obtain the adequate path and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed control law for robust tracking of the mobile robot.
Using Black Hole Algorithm to Improve EEG-Based Emotion Recognition
Authors: Munoz Roberto , Olivares Rodrigo , Taramasco Carla , Villarroel Rodolfo , Soto Ricardo , Barcelos Thiago S. , Merino Erick , Alonso-Sánchez María Francisca
Published: June 2018

Emotions are a critical aspect of human behavior. One widely used technique for research in emotion measurement is based on the use of EEG signals. In general terms, the first step of signal processing is the elimination of noise, which can be done in manual or automatic terms. The next step is determining the feature vector using, for example, entropy calculation and its variations to generate a classification model. It is possible to use this approach to classify theoretical models such as the Circumplex model. This model proposes that emotions are distributed in a two-dimensional circular space. However, methods to determine the feature vector are highly susceptible to noise that may exist in the signal. In this article, a new method to adjust the classifier is proposed using metaheuristics based on the black hole algorithm. The method is aimed at obtaining results similar to those obtained with manual noise elimination methods. In order to evaluate the proposed method, the MAHNOB HCI Tagging Database was used. Results show that using the black hole algorithm to optimize the feature vector of the Support Vector Machine we obtained an accuracy of 92.56% over 30 executions.
Additional Stress on a Buried Pipeline under the Influence of Coal Mining Subsidence
Authors: Xu Ping , Zhang Minxia , Lin Zhibin , Cao Zhengzheng , Chang Xu
Published: June 2018

Buried pipelines influenced by coal mining subsidence will deform and generate additional stress during surface deformation. On the basis of the coordinating deformation relationship between buried pipeline and its surrounding soils, a stress analysis method of a buried pipeline induced by mining was proposed. The buried pipeline additional stresses were analyzed; meanwhile, a corresponding analysis process of the pipeline stresses was also presented during mining subsidence. Furthermore, based on the ground subsidence along the pipeline predicted in advance by the probability integral method, the additional stresses and Von Mises equivalent stresses and their distributions along the buried pipeline induced by the exploitation of a coal mining working face named 14101 were obtained. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of additional stresses between simulation and analytical calculation was performed for the deep analysis and reliability of the results presented by the proposed methodology in this paper. The proposed method provides references for analysis of the additional stress and safety of buried pipelines under the influence of mining subsidence.
NAT2Gene Polymorphisms in Turkish Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Dursun Recep , Dursun Hatice Gül , Zamani Ayşe Gül , Yıldırım Mahmut Selman , Çınar İlknur
Published: June 2018

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and autoimmune skin disease. Factors that play a role in etiopathogenesis of psoriasis include internal factors such as genetic susceptibility and immunological factors and external factors such as stress, infection, trauma, drug, and environmental compounds. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a xenobiotic enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of drugs, environmental toxins, and carcinogens. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate whether the variations in theNAT2gene lead to a predisposition to psoriasis by affecting the enzyme's ability to metabolize drugs and environmental components or not. Three polymorphisms (rs1799929, rs1799930, andrs1799931) inNAT2gene were genotyped and compared by real-time PCR method in 260 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 200 healthy controls. There was no difference in the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of polymorphisms between psoriasis vulgaris patients and controls. When the effects of polymorphisms on the clinical features of the disease, such as onset age and severity, are assessed, it has been found thatrs1799930andrs1799929are, respectively, associated with early onset age and severity of the disease. In conclusion,rs1799929, rs1799930, andrs1799931polymorphisms of the NAT-2 gene do not appear to be a risk factor for the development of psoriasis. Conversely, they may have an effect on either more severe or early onset cases of the disease.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of M2O3/CNTs (M = Y, Nd, Sm) Nanocomposites by Solvothermal Process
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Hao Lingyun
Published: June 2018

The rare-earth oxide nanoparticles along carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (M2O3/CNTs, M = Y, Nd, Sm) were prepared by in situ solvothermal method. Products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. M2O3/CNTs presented good morphology and large surface area. Furthermore, catalysis of M2O3/CNTs during the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was evaluated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Compared with Nd2O3/CNTs and Sm2O3/CNTs, Y2O3/CNTs nanocomposites showed the best catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition of AP. With the addition of 2 wt.% Y2O3/CNTs nanocomposite, high decomposition temperature of AP decreased by 125.5°C, and the total DTA heat release increased by 2.027 kJ·g−1.
Health Literacy Status and Understanding of the Prescription Instructions in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Singh Shivangini , Acharya Sahana Devadasa , Kamath Ashwin , Ullal Sheetal D. , Urval Rathnakar P.
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to assess the health literacy (HL) of patients having diabetes mellitus, their understanding of prescription instructions (PI), and the correlation between HL and understanding of PI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 263 adult diabetic patients who were assessed for their understanding of route of intake of the prescribed medication(s), frequency of intake, number of medication(s) to be consumed each time, indication for the medication(s), and the relation of drug intake with food. The HL of the patients was assessed by using Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, a screening test comprising of 66 health-related words. The number of correctly pronounced words was used to assign a grade-equivalent reading level. There was a significant difference in the understanding of PI in patients with low and high HL levels. A significant difference was observed between the mean total score for interpreting PI in patients with 7 or fewer years of education compared with the other groups with a higher educational status (P<0.001). To conclude, diabetic patients with low HL level will have difficulty in understanding PI. Hence, an alternative comprehensive strategy needs to be adopted in clinical practice in these patients to provide them the instructions to take medications properly.
Precision Medicine in Targeted Therapies for Severe Asthma: Is There Any Place for “Omics” Technology?
Authors: Galeone Carla , Scelfo Chiara , Bertolini Francesca , Caminati Marco , Ruggiero Patrizia , Facciolongo Nicola , Menzella Francesco
Published: June 2018

According to the current guidelines, severe asthma still represents a controversial topic in terms of definition and management. The introduction of novel biological therapies as a treatment option for severe asthmatic patients paved the way to a personalized approach, which aims at matching the appropriate therapy with the different asthma phenotypes. Traditional asthma phenotypes have been decomposing by an increasing number of asthma subclasses based on functional and physiopathological mechanisms. This is possible thanks to the development and application of different omics technologies. The new asthma classification patterns, particularly concerning severe asthma, include an increasing number of endotypes that have been identified using new omics technologies. The identification of endotypes provides new opportunities for the management of asthma symptoms, but this implies that biological therapies which target inflammatory mediators in the frame of specific patterns of inflammation should be developed. However, the pathway leading to a precision approach in asthma treatment is still at its beginning. The aim of this review is providing a synthetic overview of the current asthma management, with a particular focus on severe asthma, in the light of phenotype and endotype approach, and summarizing the current knowledge about “omics” science and their therapeutic relevance in the field of bronchial asthma.
The PIEPEAR Workflow: A Critical Care Ultrasound Based 7-Step Approach as a Standard Procedure to Manage Patients with Acute Cardiorespiratory Compromise, with Two Example Cases Presented
Authors: Yin Wanhong , Li Yi , Wang Shouping , Zeng Xueying , Qin Yao , Wang Xiaoting , Chao Yangong , Zhang Lina , Kang Yan , Group (CCUSG) Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study
Published: June 2018

Critical care ultrasound (CCUS) has been widely used as a useful tool to assist clinical judgement. The utilization should be integrated into clinical scenario and interact with other tests. No publication has reported this. We present a CCUS based “7-step approach” workflow—the PIEPEAR Workflow—which we had summarized and integrated our experience in CCUS and clinical practice into, and then we present two cases which we have applied the workflow into as examples. Step one is “problems emerged?” classifying the signs of the deterioration into two aspects: acute circulatory compromise and acute respiratory compromise. Step two is “information clear?” quickly summarizing the patient’s medical history by three aspects. Step three is “focused exam launched”: (1) focused exam of the heart by five views: the assessment includes (1) fast and global assessment of the heart (heart glance) to identify cases that need immediate life-saving intervention and (2) assessing the inferior vena cava, right heart, diastolic and systolic function of left heart, and systematic vascular resistance to clarify the hemodynamics. (2) Lung ultrasound exam is performed to clarify the predominant pattern of the lung. Step four is “pathophysiologic changes reported.” The results of the focused ultrasound exam were integrated to conclude the pathophysiologic changes. Step five is “etiology explored” diagnosing the etiology by integrating Step two and Step four and searching for the source of infection, according to the clues extracted from the focused ultrasound exam; additional ultrasound exams or other tests should be applied if needed. Step six is “action” supporting the circulation and respiration sticking to Step four. Treat the etiologies according step five. Step seven is “recheck to adjust.” Repeat focused ultrasound and other tests to assess the response to treatment, adjust the treatment if needed, and confirm or correct the final diagnosis. With two cases as examples presented, we insist that applying CCUS with 7-step approach workflow is easy to follow and has theoretical advantages. The coming research on its value is expected.
The Changes of Cheek Line (Lateral) and Face Line (Frontal) after Correction of Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: Tseng Yu-Chuan , Cheng Jung-Hsuan , Chen Michael Yuan-Chien , Chen Kwei-Jing , Chen Chun-Ming
Published: June 2018

Objective. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the improvements of facial profile and postoperative stability by single mandibular setback surgery. Materials and Methods. The study included twenty-seven patients who underwent mandibular prognathism correction by sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Cephalometric radiograms (lateral and frontal) were collected and analyzed at three intervals: preoperatively (T1), immediately postoperatively (T2), and final follow-up postoperatively (T3). The lateral and frontal cephalometric parameters were measured. The immediate postoperative change (T21), postoperative stability (T32), and final surgical change (T31) were calculated and analyzed. The null hypothesis is that postoperative stability (T32) was not significantly correlated to amount of mandibular setback (T21). Results. The immediate postoperative change (T21) of menton (Me) was significantly backward 8.7 mm. In the final postoperative change (T31), average chin points anterior movements were approximately 0.32 mm. Investigating frontal appearance, inter ramus posterior (InterRp) and intergonion (InterGo) widths were significantly increased with 1.8 and 2.2 mm, respectively. Bilateral ramus angles were not significantly increased, about 1°. The horizontal Me (T32) had significant correlation (p=0.028) with amount of setback (T21). Therefore, null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusion. Postoperative relapse was significantly correlated to the amount of setback. The frontal transverse changes (InterRp and InterGo) were significantly increased.
Nonlinear Model for Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection Based on Nonlocal Kernel Orthogonal Preserving Embedding
Authors: She Bo , Tian Fuqing , Liang Weige , Zhang Gang
Published: June 2018

The dimension reduction methods have been proved powerful and practical to extract latent features in the signal for process monitoring. A linear dimension reduction method called nonlocal orthogonal preserving embedding (NLOPE) and its nonlinear form named nonlocal kernel orthogonal preserving embedding (NLKOPE) are proposed and applied for condition monitoring and fault detection. Different from kernel orthogonal neighborhood preserving embedding (KONPE) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA), the NLOPE and NLKOPE models aim at preserving global and local data structures simultaneously by constructing a dual‐objective optimization function. In order to adjust the trade‐off between global and local data structures, a weighted parameter is introduced to balance the objective function. Compared with KONPE and KPCA, NLKOPE combines both the advantages of KONPE and KPCA, and NLKOPE is also more powerful in extracting potential useful features in nonlinear data set than NLOPE. For the purpose of condition monitoring and fault detection, monitoring statistics are constructed in feature space. Finally, three case studies on the gearbox and bearing test rig are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear fault detection method.
Performance Analysis and Comparison for High Maneuver Target Track Based on Different Jerk Models
Authors: Meng Qinghai , Hou Bowen , Li Dong , He Zhangming , Wang Jiongqi
Published: June 2018

The Jerk model is widely used for the track of the maneuvering targets. Different Jerk model has its own state expression and is suitable to different track situation. In this paper, four Jerk models commonly used in the maneuvering target track are advanced. The performances of different Jerk models for target track with the state variables and the characters are compared. The corresponding limit conditions in the practical applications are also analyzed. Besides, the filter track is designed with UKF algorithm based on the four different models for the high-maneuvering target. The simplified dynamic model is used to gain the standard trajectory with Runge-Kutta numerical integration method. The mathematical simulations show that Jerk model with self-adaptive noise variance has the best robustness while other models may diverge when the initial error is much larger. If the process noise level is much lower, the track accuracy for four Jerk models is similar and stationary in the steady track situation, but it will be descended greatly in the much highly maneuvering situation.
Study of the Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Boron Removal from Waters with Commercial Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Montalvo Andia Javier Paul , Yokoyama Lidia , Cesar Teixeira Luiz Alberto
Published: June 2018

In the present work, the equilibrium, thermodynamics, and kinetics of boron removal from aqueous solutions by the adsorption on commercial magnesium oxide powder were studied in a batch reactor. The adsorption efficiency of boron removal increases with temperature from 25°C to 50°C. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) adsorption isotherm models. The Freundlich model provided the best fitting, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of MgO was 36.11 mg·g−1. In addition, experimental kinetic data interpretations were attempted for the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best fit. Such result suggests that the adsorption process seems to occur in two stages due to the two straight slopes obtained through the application of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, which is confirmed by the adjustment of the results to the pseudo-second-order model. The calculated activation energy (Ea) was 45.5 kJ·mol−1, and the values calculated for ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° were −4.16 kJ·mol−1, 21.7 kJ·mol−1, and 87.3 kJ·mol−1, respectively. These values confirm the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process and indicated that the disorder increased at the solid-liquid interface. The results indicate that the controlling step of boron adsorption process on MgO is of a physical nature.
Networked Closed-Loop Model for Smart On-Site Maintenance of Substation Equipment Using Mobile Networks
Authors: Feng Zhenxin , Jiang Yi , Luo Yuting , Zhao Kun , Ding Guocheng , Hu Wenshan
Published: June 2018

This paper introduces a networked closed-loop model for smart on-site maintenance of substation equipment using mobile networks, which is composed of a field-side Smart Operation and Maintenance (SOM) box with its related APP and a centre-side system platform for Operation and Maintenance (OM). As a bridge to connect the operation sites and data centre, the networked equipment maintenance model enables bidirectional communication among the management, maintenance teams, and diversely located equipment. This model not only realizes the formal data uploading in real-time, but also can provide the workers on site with guidance from the data centre.
Immune Condition of Colorectal Cancer Patients Featured by Serum Chemokines and Gene Expressions of CD4+ Cells in Blood
Authors: Komura Takuya , Yano Masaaki , Miyake Akimitsu , Takabatake Hisashi , Miyazawa Masaki , Ogawa Norihiko , Seki Akihiro , Honda Masao , Wada Takashi , Matsui Shigeyuki , Kaneko Shuichi , Sakai Yoshio
Published: June 2018

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common malignancy worldwide, causes inflammation. We explored the inflammatory pathophysiology of CRC by assessing the peripheral blood parameters. Methods. The differences in gene expression profiles of whole blood cells and cell subpopulations between CRC patients and healthy controls were analyzed using DNA microarray. Serum cytokine/chemokine concentrations in CRC patients and healthy controls were measured via multiplex detection immunoassays. In addition, we explored correlations between the expression levels of certain genes of peripheral CD4+ cells and serum chemokine concentrations. Results. The gene expression profiles of peripheral CD4+ cells of CRC patients differed from those of healthy controls, but this was not true of CD8+ cells, CD14+ cells, CD15+ cells, or CD19+ cells. Serum IL-8 and eotaxin-1 levels were significantly elevated in CRC patients, and the levels substantially correlated with the expression levels of certain genes of CD4+ cells. Interestingly, the relationships between gene expression levels in peripheral CD4+ cells and serum IL-8 and eotaxin-1 levels resembled those of monocytes/macrophages, not T cells. Conclusions. Serum IL-8 and eotaxin-1 concentrations increased and were associated with changes in the gene expression of peripheral CD4+ cells in CRC patients.
Microcrystalline Cellulose for Delivery of Recombinant Protein-Based Antigen against Erysipelas in Mice
Authors: Jeon Wooyoung , Kim Yeu-Chun , Hong Minhee , Rejinold Sanoj , Park Kyoungmoon , Yoon Injoong , Yoo Sungsik , Lee Hongweon , Ahn Jungoh
Published: June 2018

The study describes the development of a vaccine using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101) as a delivery carrier of recombinant protein-based antigen against erysipelas. Recombinant SpaA, surface protective protein, from a gram-positive pathogenErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaewas fused to a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) fromTrichoderma harzianumendoglucanase II through a S3N10 peptide. The fusion protein (CBD-SpaA) was expressed inEscherichia coliand was subsequently bound to Avicel PH-101. The antigenicity of CBD-SpaA bound to the Avicel was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assays. For the examination of its immunogenicity, groups of mice were immunized with different constructs (soluble CBD-SpaA, Avicel coated with CBD-SpaA, whole bacterin ofE. rhusiopathiae(positive control), and PBS (negative control)). In two weeks after immunization, mice were challenged with 1x107CFU ofE. rhusiopathiaeand Avicel coated with CBD-SpaA induced protective immunity in mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of microcrystalline cellulose as the delivery system of recombinant protein subunit vaccine againstE. rhusiopathiaeinfection in mice.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection Plus Docetaxel‐Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta‐Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xiao Zheng , Wang Chengqiong , Li Lianhong , Tang Xuemei , Li Nana , Li Jing , Chen Ling , Gong Qihai , Tang Fushan , Feng Jihong , Li Xiaofei
Published: June 2018

Background. Aidi injection is an important adjuvant anticancer drug commonly used in China. Can Aidi injection plus docetaxel‐based chemotherapy improve clinical efficacy with good safety in NSCLC? To further reveal its clinical effectiveness, we systematically evaluated all the related studies. Method. We collected all the studies about Aidi injection plus docetaxel‐based chemotherapy for NSCLC on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, CBM, CENTRAL, Chi‐CTR, and US‐clinical trials. We evaluated their methodological bias risk according to the Cochrane evaluation handbook (5.1.0), extracted data following the predesigned data extraction form according to the PICO principle, and synthesized the data using meta‐analysis. Results. We included 36 RCTs with 2837 patients, and most studies had unclear bias risk. The merged RR values and their 95% CI of meta‐analysis for ORR, DCR, and QOL were as follows: 1.30 (1.19, 1.42), 1.17, (1.12, 1.22), and 1.73 (1.54, 1.95). The merged RR values for neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatorenal dysfunctions, and alopecia were as follows: 0.70 (0.61, 0.79), 0.63 (0.53, 0.75), 0.60 (0.48, 0.75), 0.76 (0.65, 0.89), 0.56 (0.36, 0.88), and 0.58 (0.36, 0.93). Compared with chemotherapy alone, all differences were statistically significant. Subgroup analysis showed that, with 100 ml, 80‐100 ml, and 50 ml, Aidi injection could increase the tumor response and Aidi injection plus DP, DC, and DO could increase the tumor response. Meta‐analysis results had good stability. Conclusions. Aidi injection plus docetaxel‐based chemotherapy, especially plus DP, DC, and DO, may significantly improve the clinical efficacy and QOL in NSCLC. It may also have low risk of hematotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and low risk of inducing hepatorenal dysfunctions. Aidi injection may have attenuation and synergistic efficacy to docetaxel chemotherapy. All these need to have new evidence to be proved.