bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphine chalcogenides
Authors: Keglevich G.
Published: September 2022

This chapter gives an account of newer developments in the synthesis and reactivity of phosphine chalcogenides, mainly oxides and sulfides, during 2020. A series of new synthetic methods for phosphine oxides is discussed, followed by preparations utilizing simple P-reagents such as P(iii)- and P(v)-chlorides, and >P(O)H species. Their additions to unsaturated substrates and P–C coupling reactions, involving interesting variations, represent a hot topic. The modification of P-chalcogenides including deoxygenations are also shown. Optically active phosphine oxides and their complexes also form a usual part of this chapter.
Pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated compounds
Authors: Pajkert Romana , Röschenthaler Gerd-Volker
Published: September 2022

The chemistry of penta- and hexa-coordinated compounds continues to expand in its breadth and application. Regarding this, the synthesis, properties and structural investigations of novel cage-phosphoranes, spiro-phosphoranes, fluorophosphoranes and spiro-oxaphosphetanes have been briefly discussed. Pentacoordinated phosphoranes have also been postulated as intermediates in the synthesis of dibenzophospholes, the carbofluorination of alkynes, Wittig-type reactions and also organocatalytic Mitsunobu reactions. Moreover, studies of novel hexacoordinated fluorinated phosphorus(v) compounds have been also evaluated.
Green synthetic approaches in organophosphorus chemistry: recent developments
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam
Published: September 2022

Organophosphorus chemistry is a broad and exciting field, with potential opportunities for researchers involved in multi-disciplinary areas of scientific endeavour, including organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial chemistry. Organophosphorus compounds find extensive applications in all these fields owing to their inherent physical and biological properties. Since its first development in the 90s, green and sustainable chemistry has grown considerably over the past twenty-five years. It has become much more prevalent among researchers working in all branches of chemical science. As part of these noteworthy developments, synthetic organic chemists have been motivated to develop eco-friendly methodologies for generating phosphorus-functionalised compounds of potential interest, focusing on various green chemistry principles. As a result, considerable progress towards green and sustainable chemistry has been accomplished during the last decade. In continuation of our earlier contributions, this present chapter also aims to offer an overview of such developments in green synthetic approaches in organophosphorus chemistry reported in 2020.
Recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent probes for studying ferroptosis
Authors: Qi Ya-Lin , Wang Hai-Rong , Chen Li-Li , Duan Yong-Tao , Yang Sheng-Yu , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: September 2022

Small-molecule fluorescent probes for studying ferroptosis.
Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy can differentiate equine osteoarthritic plasma extracellular vesicles from healthy controls
Authors: Clarke Emily J. , Lima Cassio , Anderson James R. , Castanheira Catarina , Beckett Alison , James Victoria , Hyett Jacob , Goodacre Royston , Peffers Mandy J.
Published: September 2022

This study demonstrates the potential of O-PTIR spectroscopy to be used as a future diagnostic tool in equine clinical practice, with the capacity to detect changes in extracellular vesicles from clinically derived equine osteoarthritis samples.
Preparation of a glucose-sensitive one-dimensional photonic crystal via top–down nanocasting
Authors: Xin Jianwei , Hu Zhiwei , Liu Yangyang , Qiu Lili , Meng Zihui , Zhang Wenxin , Fan Jing , Xue Min
Published: September 2022

We prepared a one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal gel sensor. It has great application potential in the preparation of point-of-care (POC) sensors.
Cationic polymer synergizing with a disulfide-containing enhancer achieved efficient nucleic acid and protein delivery
Authors: Feng Yuanji , Guo Zhaopei , Chen Jie , Zhang Sijia , Wu Jiayan , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi
Published: September 2022

A cationic polymer synergizing with a disulfide-containing enhancer achieved efficient nucleic acid and protein delivery.
Transition metal-free approach for late-stage benzylic C(sp3)–H etherifications and esterifications
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sahoo Prakash Kumar , Ren Peng , Qin Yuman , Cauwenbergh Robin , Nimmegeers Philippe , SivaRaman Gandhi , Van Passel Steven , Guidetti Andrea , Das Shoubhik
Published: September 2022

Herein, we report a transition metal-free approach for the regioselective functionalisation of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds using alcohols and carboxylic acids as the nucleophiles. Late stage functionalization has been done with complex drug molecules.
Synthesis of 2-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides and isoindolinones: Ru-catalyzed C–H activation of nitrones with ethenesulfonyl fluoride
Authors: Wang Tong-Tong , Zhao Li-Ming
Published: September 2022

A novel strategy for the preparation of 2-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides and sulfonyl fluoride substituted isoindolinones via Ru-catalyzed C–H alkenylation of arylnitrones with ethenesulfonyl fluoride is described.
From inert to active: a cocktail-like mediation of an Ag/Ni mixture for electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction
Authors: Jin Yongzhen , Chen Xin , Wang Jianhui
Published: September 2022

A facile hand-mixing of inert powders of Ag and Ni induces a highly selective electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction, providing new insights into mechanistic understanding.
A radical photochromic metal–organic framework for boosting NIR-II photothermal conversion and therapy
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Linghua , Zhong Yue , Zhou Jiaqi , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Ping , Xi Junting , Shi Wei , Qian Hai
Published: September 2022

Second near-infrared photothermal conversion and therapy can be realized by photochromism in a charge-transfer metal–organic framework.
A phenyl S–Te bond with unique redox activity in dilute electrolyte of a lithium battery
Authors: Chen Qianhan , Si Yubing , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu
Published: September 2022

The dynamic covalent bond network formed by PhS-TePh enables it to exhibit interesting redox behavior and fast kinetics in lithium batteries upon using a diluted electrolyte.
Nondirected Pd-catalyzed aerobic C–H alkenylation of ruthenocene and ferrocene
Authors: Müller Sven , Lee Woohyeong , Song Jae Yeong , Kang Eunsu , Joo Jung Min
Published: September 2022

Electronically tunable pyrazolonaphthyridine (PzNPy) ligands facilitate nondirected Pd-catalyzed C–H alkenylations, affording alkenylated ruthenocenes and ferrocenes with varied redox potentials.
Non-covalent metalation of carbon nitride for photocatalytic NADH regeneration and enzymatic CO2reduction
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Kan Xiaonan , Zou Yutai , Liu Jian
Published: September 2022

Noncovalently metalated carbon nitride was constructed for photocatalytic NADH regeneration. Being coupled with FDH immobilized on a hydrophobic membrane, a promoted HCOOH production from CO2could be achieved on the three-phase interface.
Li3[Al(PO4)2(H2O)1.5] and Na[AlP2O7]: from 2D layered polar to 3D centrosymmetric framework structures
Authors: Li Xinlei , Zhang Yang , Pan Yang , Hao Yucheng , Lin Yuan , Li Haijian , Li Minghua , Fan Changzeng , Alekseev Evgeny V.
Published: September 2022

Two new aluminophosphates with moderate NLO property or a short UV cut-off edge (∼190 nm) are reported.
Synthesis of a branched surfactant from the castor derivative and its surface properties
Authors: Dong Qingwen , Li Xu , Dong Jinxiang
Published: September 2022

A branched nonionic biosurfactant (12-HMEEn) from non-edible oils with a single hydrophilic head group has excellent surface properties which make it suitable for application in hard surface cleaning.
A predicted orthogonal semimetallic carbon with negative thermal expansion and compressibility
Authors: Lv Zhen-Long , Cui Hong-Ling , Cheng Cai
Published: September 2022

An orthogonal semimetallic carbon with negative thermal expansion and compressibility along its a axis was predicted. Tensioning along different crystallographic axes can alter its electronic topological properties in different manners.
Reliable experimental method for determination of photoacidity revealed by quantum chemical calculations
Authors: Joung Joonyoung F. , Jeong Minseok , Park Sungnam
Published: September 2022

Commonly-used three experimental methods are found to give different photoacidity for a given acid, and a reliable experimental method needs to be theoretically verified.
Unprecedented enhancement and preservation of the peroxidase activity of cytochrome-c packaged with ionic liquid-modified gold nanoparticles by offsetting temperature and time stresses
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Sindhu Anamika , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: September 2022

Inspired by the biocompatibility of ionic liquids and their suitability for the preservation of enzyme structure and activity, herein, the interactions of Cyt-c with naked AuNPs and four IL-mediated AuNPs were studied.
Progress in organocatalysis with hypervalent iodine catalysts
Authors: Singh Fateh V. , Shetgaonkar Samata E. , Krishnan Manjula , Wirth Thomas
Published: September 2022

Hypervalent iodine compounds as environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive reagents have properties similar to transition metals.
Zinc ferrite-graphitic carbon nitride nanohybrid for photo-catalysis of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin
Authors: Mishra Sandhya , Srikanth Korutla , Rao T. Rajagopala , Kumar Prashant , Samanta Sujoy Kumar
Published: September 2022

2D hybrid sheets of zinc ferrite and graphitic carbon nitride were explored for their application as a UV catalyst for the degradation of ciprofloxacin.
Role of Au–Sn bonding for stabilizing a gold nanocatalyst: a reinvestigation of purple of Cassius
Authors: Li Huan , Zhang Fengwei , Guo Li , Han Bo , Yan Shuai-Ting , Zhang Xian-Ming
Published: September 2022

The ancient pigment, purple of Cassius is redefined as tin confined Au nanoparticles through Au–Sn bonding. It has also shown excellent activity and selectivity in hydration of alkyne.
Wide band gap thiophosphates ASrPS4 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs): cation size effect induced successive structural transformation
Authors: Huang Yi , Huang Junben , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2022

Structure transformation caused by the A site cation size effect was discovered in ASrPS4 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), which all show ultrawide band gaps among chalcogenides (>3.6 eV).
Updated knowledge, partitioning and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in global aquatic environments
Authors: Chaves Marisa de Jesus Silva , Kulzer Jonatas , Pujol de Lima Paula da Rosa , Barbosa Sergiane Caldas , Primel Ednei Gilberto
Published: September 2022

Distribution of PPCPs in the African, Asian, European, and North and South American continents is presented and discussed.
Falling nickel concentrations in ambient air in South Wales – 50 years of progress
Authors: Brown Richard J. C. , Goddard Sharon L. , Williams Katie R. , Robins Chris , Butterfield David M. , Brown Andrew S.
Published: September 2022

The effect on population exposure of falling nickel concentrations in air in the Swansea Valley over the last 50 years is assessed.
A critical review: the impact of electrical poling on the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient
Authors: Dani Sanskruti Smaranika , Tripathy Alekhika , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Balasubramaniam Saravanakumar , Ramadoss Ananthakumar
Published: September 2022

This review elaborates on the importance of poling and its theories, parameters, techniques andd33values of lead-based and lead-free materials and its composites. The energy-harvesting performance, current challenges, and prospects are also discussed.
Surface ligand engineering of perovskite nanocrystals with a conjugated sulfonate ligand for light-emitting applications
Authors: Kuan Chen-Hsuan , Yang Sheng-Hsiung
Published: September 2022

PeLEDs based on SβSS-modified CsPbBr3 NCs showed a bright green electroluminescence and a narrow emission bandwidth.
Aqueous microgels with engineered hydrophobic nano-domains
Authors: Belthle Thomke , Pich Andrij
Published: September 2022

We evaluate recent developments in the design, synthesis, and application of microgels with an amphiphilic polymer network with regard to the structure of their hydrophobic domains.
Exciplex-forming cohost systems with highly twisted hexaphenylbenzene-core donors for high-efficiency orange and red OLEDs
Authors: Chen Yi-Sheng , Wei Wei-Chih , Chen Hao , Tsai Tsung-Lin , Kung Yu-Cheng , Hung Wen-Yi , Wong Ken-Tsung
Published: September 2022

Two hexaphenylbenzene (HPB)-based donors (D), CzTT and DDT-HPB, are blended with the triazine-centered acceptors (A) CN-T2T and PO-T2T to examine exciplex formation.
Metal–organic framework (MOF) facilitated highly stretchable and fatigue-resistant ionogels for recyclable sensors
Authors: Xia Qunmeng , Li Weizheng , Zou Xiuyang , Zheng Sijie , Liu Ziyang , Li Lingling , Yan Feng
Published: September 2022

The coordination between the metal–organic frameworks and the polymer segments endowed the ionogels with sufficient energy dissipation, excellent mechanical properties, and recyclability for applications in flexible electronic devices.
An activatable, carrier-free, triple-combination nanomedicine for ALK/EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer highly permeable targeted chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhonglei , Yang Liyan , Li Yake , Song Shaohua , Qu Juan , He Rui , Ren Shanshan , Gong Peiwei
Published: September 2022

Highly permeable targeted chemotherapy is highly desired for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
A luminescent terbium(iii) probe as an efficient ‘Turn-ON’ sensor for dipicolinic acid, a Bacillus Anthracis biomarker
Authors: Yadav Usha , Abbas Zafar , Butcher Ray J. , Patra Ashis K.
Published: September 2022

This work drives the potential of lanthanide luminescence in the quantification and detection of the B. Anthracis bacterial spore by targeting dipicolinic acid (DPA), a principal component of anthrax spores.
A new crown-ether clathrate [15-crown-5][Y(NO3)2(H2O)5][NO3] with switchable dielectric constant behaviour
Authors: Xiang Lin , Luo Wang , Yue Zhi-Yuan , Huang Yi-Fang , Wang Na , Miao Le-Ping , Ye Heng-Yun , Shi Chao
Published: September 2022

A crown-ether clathrate employing a rare-earth ion as the central metal ion was developed, and shown to display switchable dielectric behaviours around a temperature of about 230 K.
Novel pyrazolyazoindole derivatives as photoswitches: design, synthesis, and photoswitching behavior research combined with theoretical methods
Authors: Hu Haoran , Jiang Bitao , Zhang Bo , Wang Rong , Zhang Chong , Sun Chengguo , Hu Bingcheng
Published: September 2022

Novel pyrazolyazoindole photoswitches with high to near-complete photoconversion, adjustable thermal half-lives, photochromic properties, and potential application value are developed.
CrOx decoration on Fe/TiO2 with tunable and stable oxygen vacancies for selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid
Authors: Chu Dawang , Zhou Hui , Luo Zhicheng
Published: September 2022

Non-noble metal-based catalysts catalyze the conversion of glycerol to lactic acid.
Efficient synthesis of high quality double walled carbon nanotubes and their cost-effective properties
Authors: Xu Lele , Yang Jinsong , Yuan Xinxin , Chen Liang , Chen Minghai
Published: September 2022

The excellent capacitance performance of DWCNTs with high BET area and electrical conductivity far exceeds that of MWCNTs and they are cost-effective compared to SWCNTs on the market.
Observation of optical gain from aqueous quantum well heterostructures in water
Authors: Delikanli Savas , Isik Furkan , Durmusoglu Emek G. , Erdem Onur , Shabani Farzan , Canimkurbey Betul , Kumar Satish , Dehghanpour Baruj Hamed , Demir Hilmi Volkan
Published: September 2022

CdSe/CdS@CdxZn1−xS core/crown@gradient-alloyed shell colloidal quantum wells allowed achievement of optical gain in an aqueous medium with an ultralow threshold of ∼3.4 μJ cm−2 and an ultralong gain lifetime of ∼2.6 ns.
An amorphous sodium aluminate hydrate phase mediates aluminum coordination changes in highly alkaline sodium hydroxide solutions
Authors: Graham Trent R. , Hu Jian Zhi , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Zhang Xin , Pearce Carolyn I. , Rosso Kevin M.
Published: September 2022

A newly identified intermediate phase containing tetrahedral Al is formed incipient to the crystallization of sodium aluminate hydrates.
Gold-catalyzed alkyne-diol bicycloketalization enables enantioselective divergent total syntheses of attenols
Authors: Shin Ji Soo , Lee Jaeyeon , Han Sunkyu , Lee Hee-Yoon
Published: September 2022

Gold-catalyzed bicycloketalization of alkyne-diols provides synthetic advantages when compared to that of keto-diols under acidic conditions.
Insight into systematic formation of hexafluorosilicate during crystallization via self-assembly in a glass vessel
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Han Jihun , Jung Ok-Sang , Lee Young-A.
Published: September 2022

Formation of the unexpected hexafluorosilicate (SiF62−) encapsulated cages constructed. Interestingly, this shows that the surface of glassware should be given serious consideration for long-duration reactions with active F-containing species.
Synthesis and characterization of a new reusable calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel sorbent for antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Hokmabadi Fahimeh , Zadmard Reza , Jalali Mohammad Reza , Abaee M. Saeed
Published: September 2022

C4BS is a new reusable calix[4]arene-bonded silica gel adsorbent for dapagliflozin (DAPA), empagliflozin (EMPA) and linagliptin (LINA) as antidiabetic drugs.
One-pot thiol-free synthetic approach to sulfides, and sulfoxides selectively
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Ansari Saima
Published: September 2022

A facile and efficient thiol-free one-pot method for direct synthesis of sulfides and sulfoxides under green conditions without using any metal catalyst is reported.
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of μ3-SnH capped trinuclear nickel cluster
Authors: Torquato Nicole A. , Palasz Joseph M. , Bertrand Quentin C. , Brunner Felix M. , Chan Thomas , Gembicky Milan , Mrse Anthony A. , Kubiak Clifford P.
Published: September 2022

The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of a μ3-SnH capped trinuclear nickel cluster, [Ni3(dppm)3(μ3-H)(μ3-SnH)], is reported. This complex undergoes oxidative addition chemistry, alkyne insertion, and subsequent hydrogenation.
Bias-induced surface reconstruction of a MOF-derived bimetallic (Co & V) oxide as an electrocatalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Sahoo Malaya K. , Bishoyi Nisarani , Swain Deepak K. , Behera J. N.
Published: September 2022

A cobalt–vanadium MOF derived oxides OER activity increases with time and detailed study revealed the decoration of more active CoOOH intermediate at the surface of catalyst.
High-sensitivity CdTe phototransistors with the response spectrum extended to 1.65 μm
Authors: Zhang Jiyue , Cao Hechun , Bai Wei , Zhao Dongyang , Chen Yan , Wang Xudong , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qi Ruijuan , Huang Rong , Tang Xiaodong , Wang Jianlu , Chu Junhao
Published: September 2022

We reported the spectral extension to 1.65 μm far beyond the λcutoff of 870 nm. Ultrahigh R and D* above 3.84 A W−1 and 3.73 × 1011 Jones, respectively, are realized, illustrating strong competitiveness with Si, Ge and InGaAs commercial detectors.
Degradable silk-based soft actuators with magnetic responsiveness
Authors: Deng Niping , Li Jinghang , Lyu Hao , Huang Ruochuan , Liu Haoran , Guo Chengchen
Published: September 2022

Soft actuators with stimuli-responsiveness have great potential in biomedical applications such as drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery.
Insights into the degradation mechanism of carbene–metal–amide organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Matthews Campbell S. B. , Romanov Alexander S. , Greenham Neil C.
Published: September 2022

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on carbene–metal–amide (CMA) material are fabricated to investigate the fundamental processes that drive degradation in operational CMA OLEDs.
Engineering heterostructured nickel–cobalt sulfide@hydroxide nanoarrays with spontaneous and fast interfacial charge transfer for high-energy-density supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Shensong , Jiang Wuyou , Wu Jintao , Huang Haitao , Guo Peng , Zhang Xinyi , Gu Haoshuang , Huang Qiu-an , Hu Yongming
Published: September 2022

The electrodes of NCS@NC LDH core–shell nanoarrays have high mass loading and superior conductivity of which the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a high energy density of 880 μW h cm−2 (1.5 mW cm−2).
Antimicrobial peptides with cell-penetrating activity as prophylactic and treatment drugs
Authors: del Rio Gabriel , Trejo Perez Mario A. , Brizuela Carlos A.
Published: September 2022

Health is fundamental for the development of individuals and evolution of species. In that sense, for human societies is relevant to understand how the human body has developed molecular strategies to maintain health. In the present review, we summarize diverse evidence that support the role of peptides in this endeavor. Of particular interest to the present review are antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP). Different experimental evidence indicates that AMP/CPP are able to regulate autophagy, which in turn regulates the immune system response. AMP also assists in the establishment of the microbiota, which in turn is critical for different behavioral and health aspects of humans. Thus, AMP and CPP are multifunctional peptides that regulate two aspects of our bodies that are fundamental to our health: autophagy and microbiota. While it is now clear the multifunctional nature of these peptides, we are still in the early stages of the development of computational strategies aimed to assist experimentalists in identifying selective multifunctional AMP/CPP to control nonhealthy conditions. For instance, both AMP and CPP are computationally characterized as amphipatic and cationic, yet none of these features are relevant to differentiate these peptides from non-AMP or non-CPP. The present review aims to highlight current knowledge that may facilitate the development of AMP’s design tools for preventing or treating illness.
Apoplastic and vascular defences
Authors: Darino Martin , Kanyuka Kostya , Hammond-Kosack Kim E.
Published: September 2022

The apoplast comprises the intercellular space between cell membranes, includes the xylem, and extends to the rhizoplane and the outer surfaces of the plant. The apoplast plays roles in different biological processes including plant immunity. This highly specialised space is often the first place where pathogen recognition occurs, and this then triggers the immune response. The immune response in the apoplast involves different mechanisms that restrict pathogen infection. Among these responses, secretion of different molecules like proteases, proteins related to immunity, small RNAs and secondary metabolites play important and often additive or synergistic roles. In addition, production of reactive oxygen species occurs to cause direct deleterious effects on the pathogen as well as reinforce the plant’s immune response by triggering modifications to cell wall composition and providing additional defence signalling capabilities. The pool of available sugar in the apoplast also plays a role in immunity. These sugars can be manipulated by both interactors, pathogens gaining access to nutrients whilst the plant's responses restrict the pathogen’s access to nutrients. In this review, we describe the latest findings in the field to highlight the importance of the apoplast in plant–pathogen interactions and plant immunity. We also indicate where new discoveries are needed.
A novel approach for single and combined power quality disturbances detection using fundamental and harmonic phasors estimation model
Authors: Samadinasab Sajad , Jalilian Alireza
Published: September 2022

The growing use of non‐linear loads is one of the main reasons for harmonic distortions in distribution systems. Power quality disturbances have caused improper performance of electrical equipment and have created many technical and economic problems for industries and customers. One approach to overcome these problems and also the correct detection of PQ disturbances is power quality monitoring (PQM). Measurement and estimation are two essential tools to understand and investigate PQ problems in distribution networks. Here, a new estimation model is used to simultaneously extract the fundamental and harmonic phasors information of the system. In other words, the proposed estimation model has been used to access system‐level data. Also, the recursive variational mode extraction (RVME) approach efficiency has been investigated for detecting power quality disturbances (PQDs). Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed PQDs detection method, six different scenarios of disturbances are investigated. The IEEE 13‐bus and IEEE 34‐bus standard distribution test networks are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Also, the real‐time PQ disturbances are used for validating the proposed PQDs detection method. Results obtained demonstrate the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed approach in correctly diagnosing real‐time PQ disturbances.
Effects of plastic vehicular covers on radiation characteristics of lightweight, dual‐band antenna for vehicular communications
Authors: Chletsou Adamantia , Locke John F. , Papapolymerou John
Published: September 2022

This paper highlights the impact of curved and flat vehicular plastic parts on the radiation characteristics of two dual‐band antennas for cellular ‐ vehicle to everything (C‐V2X) applications. The radiation patterns of the antennas are measured in SATIMO near field measurement system and are compared during the following setups: (a) antennas alone in the near field system, without the presence of a plastic part; (b) antennas mounted on the inside curved surface of a driver's side mirror cover; (c) antennas mounted on the outside curved surface of the driver's side mirror cover; (d) antennas mounted on a flat trunk lid; (e) antennas mounted on a curved plastic retrieved from the A‐pillar of a vehicle. Comparison among the antennas radiation pattern measurements during these five different setups, results in the conclusion that the inside surface of the side mirror cover is the most suitable position to mount the presented dual‐band antennas.
Tracing the Milky Way warp and spiral arms with classical Cepheids
Authors: Lemasle B. , Lala H. N. , Kovtyukh V. , Hanke M. , Prudil Z. , Bono G. , Braga V. F. , da Silva R. , Fabrizio M. , Fiorentino G. , François P. , Grebel E. K. , Kniazev A.
Published: September 2022

Context. Mapping the Galactic spiral structure is a difficult task since the Sun is located in the Galactic plane and because of dust extinction. For these reasons, molecular masers in radio wavelengths have been used with great success to trace the Milky Way spiral arms. Recently, Gaia parallaxes have helped in investigating the spiral structure in the Solar extended neighborhood.

Aims. In this paper, we propose to determine the location of the spiral arms using Cepheids since they are bright, young supergiants with accurate distances (they are the first ladder of the extragalactic distance scale). They can be observed at very large distances; therefore, we need to take the Galactic warp into account.

Methods. Thanks to updated mid-infrared photometry and to the most complete catalog of Galactic Cepheids, we derived the parameters of the warp using a robust regression method. Using a clustering algorithm, we identified groups of Cepheids after having corrected their Galactocentric distances from the (small) effects of the warp.

Results. We derived new parameters for the Galactic warp, and we show that the warp cannot be responsible for the increased dispersion of abundance gradients in the outer disk reported in previous studies. We show that Cepheids can be used to trace spiral arms, even at large distances from the Sun. The groups we identify are consistent with previous studies explicitly deriving the position of spiral arms using young tracers (masers, OB(A) stars) or mapping overdensities of upper main-sequence stars in the Solar neighborhood thanks to Gaia data.
Impact of stellar flares on the chemical composition and transmission spectra of gaseous exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs
Authors: Konings T. , Baeyens R. , Decin L.
Published: September 2022

Context.Stellar flares of active M dwarfs can affect the atmospheric composition of close-orbiting gas giants, and can result in time-dependent transmission spectra.

Aims.We aim to examine the impact of a variety of flares, differing in energy, duration, and occurrence frequency, on the composition and transmission spectra of close-orbiting, tidally locked gaseous planets with climates dominated by equatorial superrotation.

Methods.We used a series of pseudo-2D photo- and thermochemical kinetics models, which take advection by the equatorial jet stream into account, to simulate the neutral molecular composition of a gaseous planet (Teff= 800 K) that orbits a M dwarf during artificially constructed flare events. We then computed transmission spectra for the evening and morning limb.

Results.We find that the upper regions (i.e. below 10 μbar) of the dayside and evening limb are heavily depleted in CH4and NH3up to several days after a flare event with a total radiative energy of 2 × 1033erg. Molar fractions of C2H2and HCN are enhanced up to a factor three on the nightside and morning limb after day-to-nightside advection of photodissociated CH4and NH3. Methane depletion reduces transit depths by 100–300 parts per million (ppm) on the evening limb and C2H2production increases the 14 μm feature up to 350 ppm on the morning limb. We find that repeated flaring drives the atmosphere to a composition that differs from its pre-flare distribution and that this translates to a permanent modification of the transmission spectrum.

Conclusions.We show that single high-energy flares can affect the atmospheres of close-orbiting gas giants up to several days after the flare event, during which their transmission spectra are altered by several hundred ppm. Repeated flaring has important implications for future retrieval analyses of exoplanets around active stars, as the atmospheric composition and resulting spectral signatures substantially differ from models that do not include flaring.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG
Authors: Zhang R. , Lucatello S. , Bragaglia A. , Alonso-Santiago J. , Andreuzzi G. , Casali G. , Carrera R. , Carretta E. , D’Orazi V. , Frasca A. , Fu X. , Magrini L. , Minchev I. , Origlia L. , Spina L. , Vallenari A.
Published: September 2022

Context. Exploring the Galactic chemical evolution and enrichment scenarios with open clusters (OCs) allows us to understand the history of the Milky Way disk. High-resolution spectra of OCs are a crucial tool, as they provide precise chemical information, to combine with precise distances and ages.

Aims. The aim of the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project is to derive homogeneous and accurate comprehensive chemical characterization of a number of poorly studied OCs.

Methods. Using the HARPS-N echelle spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), we obtained high-resolution spectra of giant stars in 18 OCs, 16 of which are chemically characterized for the first time, and two of which are well studied for comparison. The OCs in this sample have ages from a few tens of Myr to 4 Gyr, with a prevalence of young clusters. We already presented the radial velocities and atmospheric parameters for them in a previous SPA paper. Here, we present results for the α-elements O, Mg, Si, Ca and Ti, and the light elements Na and Al, all determined by the equivalent width method. We also measured Li abundance through the synthesis method.

Results. We discuss the behaviors of lithium, sodium and aluminum in the context of stellar evolution. For Na and Al, we compare our findings with models to investigate their behaviors as a function of mass, suggesting that Na mixing to the surface might start in masses as low as 2 M⊙. We study the radial, vertical, and age trends for the measured abundance ratios in a sample that combines our results and recent literature for OCs, finding significant (positive) gradients only for [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] in all cases. Finally, we compare O and Mg in the combined sample with chemo-dynamical models, finding a good agreement for intermediate-age and old clusters. There is a sharp increase in the abundance ratios measured among very young clusters (age < 300 Myr), accompanied by a poorer fit with the models for O and Mg, likely related to the inadequacy of traditional model atmospheres and methods in the derivation of atmospheric parameters and abundance ratios for stars of such young ages.
Theory of solar oscillations in the inertial frequency range: Amplitudes of equatorial modes from a nonlinear rotating convection simulation
Authors: Bekki Yuto , Cameron Robert H. , Gizon Laurent
Published: September 2022

Context.Several types of inertial modes have been detected on the Sun. Properties of these inertial modes have been studied in the linear regime, but have not been studied in nonlinear simulations of solar rotating convection. Comparing the nonlinear simulations, the linear theory, and the solar observations is important to better understand the differences between the models and the real Sun.

Aims.Our aim is to detect and characterize the modes present in a nonlinear numerical simulation of solar convection, in particular to understand the amplitudes and lifetimes of the modes.

Methods.We developed a code with a Yin-Yang grid to carry out fully nonlinear numerical simulations of rotating convection in a spherical shell. The stratification is solar-like up to the top of the computational domain at 0.96 R⊙. The simulations cover a duration of about 15 solar years, which is more than the observational length of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Various large-scale modes at low frequencies (comparable to the solar rotation frequency) are extracted from the simulation. Their characteristics are compared to those from the linear model and to the observations.

Results.Among other modes, both the equatorial Rossby modes and the columnar convective modes are seen in the simulation. The columnar convective modes, with north-south symmetric longitudinal velocityvϕ, contain most of the large-scale velocity power outside the tangential cylinder and substantially contribute to the heat and angular momentum transport near the equator. Equatorial Rossby modes with no radial nodes (n = 0) are also found; they have the same spatial structures as the linear eigenfunctions. They are stochastically excited by convection and have the amplitudes of a few m s−1and mode linewidths of about 20−30 nHz, which are comparable to those observed on the Sun. We also confirm the existence of the “mixed” Rossby modes between the equatorial Rossby modes with one radial node (n = 1) and the columnar convective modes with north-south antisymmetricvϕin our nonlinear simulation, as predicted by the linear eigenmode analysis. We also see the high-latitude mode withm = 1 in our nonlinear simulation, but its amplitude is much weaker than that observed on the Sun.
On the meniscus shape and marangoni flow in capillary tubes with noncircular cross-section shapes
Authors: Chen Aiqiang , Zhang Haoyan , Song Jianfei , Liu Bin , Zhang Chensi , Theodorakis Panagiotis E.
Published: September 2022

The liquid–vapor interface remains a key point for improving the heat transfer efficiency of heat exchangers. In this paper, we report experimental results on the evaporation of ethanol in capillary tubes of different internal cross-sections as the bulk meniscus recedes inside the tube, since the chosen conditions allow for the development of a liquid film along tube's internal corners due to the presence of capillary forces. To achieve our aims, we used 3D video microscopy to monitor the behavior of the meniscus during evaporation and, also, calculated the capillary pressures for three channels with different cross-sectional shapes each, namely circular, square and equilateral triangle cross-sections, for three solid–liquid contact angles, i.e., 30°, 60°, and 90°. At the same time, we have combined infrared thermal imaging technology with particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) visualization technology to analyze the severe Marangoni convection at the included angle. To this end, the interfacial temperature distribution of Marangoni convection was measured by means of an infrared camera and the flow pattern by means of PIV, respectively, through the plane in various views. For capillary tubes with included angle, the temperature gradient at the meniscus reaches its maximum at the included angle. Moreover, both temperature and convective gradients exist in the liquid film with included angle. When the angle of the capillary tube is smaller, the capillary effect will increase, leading to the formation of a thicker film. Our investigation constitutes an “extreme” experiment of Marangoni flow at the corners of the capillary tube. Due to the capillary forces, liquid films can rise in the corners of polygonal tubes up to the entrance of the tubes. Furthermore, the wetting force of ethanol at the angle of the triangle tube is much larger than that in the case of the square tube. Finally, the Marangoni vortex flows from the relatively high-temperature region in the center of the liquid towards the included angle, where evaporation is faster and the recharge of material and energy is more concentrated. We anticipate that our study sheds light into the meniscus shape and Marangoni flow in capillary tubes of with cross-sections of different shapes, which is of fundamental importance for various applications and in particular microfluidic systems.
Application des méthodes géophysiques pour le diagnostic de l’aléa cavités sur des ouvrages de grands linéaires, en contexte ferroviaire et hydraulique
Authors: Vergniault Christophe , Buchoud Edouard , Boisson-Gaboriau Joséphine , Hallier Amélie
Published: September 2022

Cet article traduit la volonté de deux maîtres d’ouvrages (ayant une compétence interne d’ingénierie conseils en géophysique), que sont SNCF Réseau et EDF, de mettre en commun leurs retours d’expériences pour améliorer la gestion des risques liés à l’aléa cavités souterraines sur des ouvrages de grands linéaires, en contexte ferroviaire ou hydraulique. Cette coopération a permis de valider plusieurs méthodes de diagnostic, par reconnaissance et auscultation, afin de détecter des cavités souterraines et de suivre leur évolution : dans deux contextes géologiques distincts (craie et marnes à gypse), les méthodes sismiques actives et passives basées sur les ondes de surface ont confirmé leurs performances théoriques, aussi bien pour des reconnaissances que de la surveillance en continu : (1) dans un contexte de cavités anthropiques dans la craie et hors nappe, les exemples présentés valident l’intérêt de certaines méthodes industrielles de reconnaissance (DCOS®, ParSeis®) et laissent espérer une industrialisation prochaine de plusieurs autres (SI active et passive), (2) dans le contexte de dissolution de gypse, ces mêmes méthodes utilisant le signal généré par les circulations ferroviaires se sont avérées très pertinentes pour assurer une surveillance en continu, via un monitoring 4D, du sol support de la plateforme ferroviaire. Le résultat de ce développement permettra de s’inscrire dans une démarche de maintenance prédictive vis-à-vis du risque fontis ; dans le contexte de dissolution de gypse, la mesure de déformation par fibre optique en place dans un remblai a démontré sa pertinence pour capter l’amorce de remontée d’un fontis, avant même l’apparition d’indice en surface. Enfin, il faut noter que les méthodes de reconnaissance et d’auscultation, présentées dans les deux premiers cas d’étude, pourraient favorablement être réalisées en utilisant une fibre optique comme celle exploitée dans le troisième cas d’étude, mais il faudrait un interrogateur optique différent de type DAS. Ceci est une perspective à laquelle s’intéressent les deux maîtres d’ouvrages.
Géostructures thermiques : verrous scientifiques et moyens d’étude
Authors: Badinier Thibault , Ghandri Iheb , Grappe Théophile , Ouzzine Badr , de Sauvage Jean
Published: September 2022

Alors que nous consommons toujours plus d’énergie pour le chauffage et la climatisation de nos lieux de vie, les impératifs de lutte contre le changement climatique et la croissance de la population urbaine mondiale rendent crucial le recours à des sources d’énergies renouvelables. Parmi elles, les géostructures thermiques associent au rôle mécanique pour lequel elles sont conçues un rôle énergétique en captant l’énergie du sol de faible profondeur à l’aide de tubes échangeurs de chaleur connectés à une pompe à chaleur. Elles apparaissent donc comme une solution décarbonée, non intermittente, locale, à faible risque pour l’homme, aisément intégrable dans le mix énergétique et au taux de retour sur investissement raisonnable. Pourtant, certaines questions quant à leur dimensionnement thermomécanique, notamment en présence d’un écoulement souterrain en freinent toujours le développement à large échelle. Après avoir dressé un état de l’art détaillé pour rappeler les points d’achoppement subsistant, un groupe de pieux géothermique au sein d’un écoulement est étudié sous l’angle de la modélisation numérique et de la modélisation physique centrifugée. Les différents outils à disposition de la communauté scientifique pour lever les verrous restant sont présentés.
Denoising Esophageal Speech using Combination of Complex and Discrete Wavelet Transform with Wiener filter and Time Dilated Fourier Cepstra
Authors: Amarjouf Madiha , Bahja Fadoua , Di Martino Joseph , Chami Mouhcine , Elhaj El Hassan Ibn
Published: September 2022

Esophageal speech is one of the pathological voices, which is known to be weak in intelligibility and hard to understand. Our approach's main idea is to reduce the esophageal speech noises using two-hybrid methods. This paper aims to merge the advantages of wavelet-based methods such as DWT and DTCWT, along with the standard methods such as the Wiener filter and the time dilated Fourier. The first hybrid method applies the filters on the vocal tract cepstrum, while the second one applies them at the synthesis stage. Two experiments were conducted as well to evaluate the results by objective analysis. The results obtained by the proposed hybrid methods gave good performances.
Première année de fonctionnement du parcours accès spécifique santé (PASS) de l’Université de Bordeaux : caractérisation et identification des facteurs de réussite pour la validation du PASS et l’entrée dans la filière médecine
Authors: Dupin Isabelle , Barandon Séverine , Bertrand Caroline , Bordenave Laurence , Chassaing Véronique , Corcuff Jean-Benoît , Dubus Pierre , DUCLOS Noémie C. , Guillon Jean , Mamani-Matsuda Maria , Müller Bernard , Pellegrin Jean-Luc , Alioum Amadou
Published: September 2022

Contexte : La réforme de la première année des études de santé définie dans le décret du 4 novembre 2019 a mis fin à la première année commune aux études de santé (PACES) pour introduire un nouveau système ayant pour objectif de diversifier l’accès aux formations de médecine, maïeutique, odontologie, pharmacie et kinésithérapie (MMOP-K) par différents parcours de formation antérieurs. À l’Université de Bordeaux a été mis en place un double système avec un parcours accès spécifique santé (PASS) et des licences accès santé (L.AS). La voie L.AS étant minoritaire en cette première année de mise en place de la réforme, nous avons centré notre analyse sur les étudiant·es en PASS en 2020–2021 et l’accès à la filière médecine. Méthodes : Cette première année de PASS a été évaluée au regard des résultats académiques aux épreuves écrites des deux semestres (nombre d’UE validées, validation/échec du PASS, admissibilité dans la filière médecine) et aux épreuves orales (réussite aux mini entretiens multiples, admission dans la filière médecine). Résultats et conclusion : Nous avons identifié le niveau scolaire à l’entrée à l’Université, mesuré par la mention au bac, comme étant le principal facteur de réussite pour la validation du PASS et la réussite à l’admission dans la filière médecine. Le déterminant social est également associé à la validation du PASS, indépendamment du niveau scolaire. Les résultats montrent également que l’hétérogénéité des résultats en fonction de l’option disciplinaire et du site géographique est essentiellement liée à des disparités de niveaux scolaires à l’entrée en PASS.
Bedeutung und Einsatzpotenziale von Gesundheits-Apps in der diabetologischen Versorgung – Ergebnisse einer Befragungsstudie
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund Mit Blick auf Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 als lebensstilinduzierte Erkrankung wird ein großer potenzieller Nutzen in Gesundheits-Apps gesehen, die gesundheitsunterstützend bei Prävention und Monitoring oder auch der Therapie helfen sollen. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, den Anwendungshorizont, die Akzeptanz und Einstellungen sowie Erfahrungen von Ärzt*innen aus diabetologischen Schwerpunktpraxen hinsichtlich des Nutzungspotenzials von Gesundheits-Apps für Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 explorativ zu beleuchten.

Methodik Aufbauend auf mehreren Vorstudien wurden mittels schriftlicher Befragung zwischen März und Mai 2021 insgesamt 291 Ärzt*innen diabetologischer Schwerpunktpraxen in Rheinland-Pfalz, Hessen, Thüringen und dem Saarland anonymisiert befragt. Die Rücklaufquote beträgt 30% (N=88). Neben der deskriptiven Analyse wurde ein t-Test bei unabhängigen Stichproben durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die Befragten verbinden mit dem Einsatz von Apps eine wirksame Stärkung von Empowerment, Motivation und Compliance, aber auch durch Erinnerungs- und lebensstilunterstützenden Funktionen eine mögliche Effektivierung der Prävention und des Erkrankungsmanagements von Typ-2-Diabetes-Patient*innen. Gerade jüngere Ärzt*innen in städtischen Praxisumgebungen begegnen Gesundheits-Apps mit positiver Einstellung und greifen im Praxisalltag auf solche Tools zurück. Skepsis besteht auf Seiten der Befragten u.a. in Bezug auf die Anwendungsfreundlichkeit und Datensicherheit bestehender Apps sowie hinsichtlich rechtlicher Fragestellungen. Eine Mehrheit räumt ein, keinen ausreichenden Überblick über diabetologische Apps zu besitzen und traut sich eine Beratung von Patient*innen nur bedingt zu. Diejenigen Ärzt*innen, bei denen Apps schon in der Versorgung Einzug fanden, beobachten in großer Mehrzahl positive Effekte bei der Steigerung der Compliance, im schnelleren Aufdecken bzw. Verringern von Komplikationen, bei der Gewichtsreduktion sowie bei der Abnahme des HbA1c-Werts.

Diskussion Trotz der positiver Effekte, die Gesundheits-Apps für Prävention und Therapie haben können, bestehen bei vielen diabetologischen Ärzt*innen Vorbehalte hinsichtlich der Überschaubarkeit, Transparenz und Sicherheit von Apps. Diese Bedenken sollten verstärkt adressiert werden, um die richtigen Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Integration von Gesundheits-Apps in die diabetologische Versorgung zu schaffen (u.a. verbindliche Datenschutz- und Qualitätsstandards, klare Rechtslage in Bezug auf die Anwendung von Apps, Schulungen, Tools zur Übersicht und Einordnung).