bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term effect of conventional phosphate and calcitriol treatment on metabolic recovery and catch-up growth in children with PHEX mutation
Authors: Alikasifoglu Ayfer , Unsal Yagmur , Gonc Elmas Nazli , Ozon Zeynep Alev , Kandemir Nurgun , Alikasifoglu Mehmet
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is conventionally treated with phosphate and calcitriol. Exploring genotype and phenotypic spectrum of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR), focusing on short-term, long-term, and pubertal impact of conventional treatment was aimed.

Methods

Sixteen patients from 12 unrelated families with HR were analyzed for phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) mutation. Initially Sanger sequencing analysis was performed. If PHEX mutation was not detected, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed. If molecular defect was detected, first-degree relatives were analyzed. Thirteen patients (81%) and five first-degree relatives with XLHR were evaluated for genotype–phenotype or gender-phenotype correlation. Clinical characteristics and response to conventional treatment were determined retrospectively.

Results

Nine different PHEX mutations were identified; four splice-site, three point mutations, and two single exon deletions. Four were novel mutations. Despite conventional treatment, median adult height was lower than median height on admission (−3.8 and −2.3 SDS, respectively), metabolic and radiographic recovery were not achieved, adherence was low (30%). Although mean adult height was better in compliant patients than noncompliants (−2.6 vs. −3.7 SDS, respectively), they were still short. Correlation between phenotype and genotype or gender could not be shown. Median phosphate decreased significantly throughout puberty (p=0.014). Median pubertal height was lower than prepubertal height (−4.4 vs. −3.6 SDS; respectively), pubertal growth spurt was not observed. Among five patients with a follow-up longer than five years, three had nephrocalcinosis (60%), two had hyperparathyroidism (40%), 4/6 (33%) required correction osteotomy.

Conclusions

Conventional treatment appears to have limited effect on metabolic, clinical and radiographic recovery in XLHR. Metabolic control and growth worsened during puberty. Although, long-term adverse effects are yet to be seen, introduction of burosumab as first-line treatment may be an alternative after infancy.
Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Passarella Eloise , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to many health comorbidities. We aimed to ascertain if OSA correlates with a rise in poor obstetrical outcomes.

Methods

Employing the United States’ Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project – National Inpatient Sample, we performed our retrospective cohort study including all women who delivered between 2006 and 2015. ICD-9 codes were used to characterize women as having a diagnosis of OSA. Temporal trends in pregnancies with OSA were studied, baseline features were evaluated among gravidities in the presence and absence of OSA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized in assessing consequences of OSA on patient and newborn outcomes.

Results

Of a total 7,907,139 deliveries, 3,115 belonged to patients suffering from OSA, resulting in a prevalence of 39 per 100,000 deliveries. Rates rose from 10.14 to 78.12 per 100,000 deliveries during the study interval (p<0.0001). Patients diagnosed with OSA were at higher risk of having pregnancies with preeclampsia, OR 2.2 (95% CI 2.0–2.4), eclampsia, 4.1 (2.4–7.0), chorioamnionitis, 1.4 (1.2–1.8), postpartum hemorrhage, 1.4 (1.2–1.7), venous thromboembolisms, 2.7 (2.1–3.4), and to deliver by caesarean section, 2.1 (1.9–2.3). Cardiovascular and respiratory complications were also more common among these women, as was maternal death, 4.2 (2.2–8.0). Newborns of OSA patients were at elevated risk of being premature, 1.3 (1.2–1.5) and having congenital abnormalities, 2.3 (1.7–3.0).

Conclusions

Pregnancies with OSA were linked to an elevated risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. During pregnancy, OSA patients should receive attentive follow-up care in a tertiary hospital.
A randomized controlled trial of two-doses of vaginal progesterone 400 vs. 200 mg for prevention of preterm labor in twin gestations
Authors: Abdel Wahab Ahmed S. , Abdelmonaem Mostafa I. , Mahmoud Walaa M. , Mansour Ahmed E.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To compare between the effectiveness and safety of two different daily doses of vaginal progesterone (400 vs. 200 mg) in the prevention of preterm labor in twin pregnancy.

Methods

This is a prospective single-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted on 100 primi-gravida who had twin pregnancy and attended the antenatal clinic of a University hospital. They were equally and randomly allocated into two arms each containing 50 patients. Arm 1 received 400 mg and arm 2 received 200 mg vaginal progesterone daily at bed time starting from 14 weeks of pregnancy to 36 weeks. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed for assessment of the length of cervix at 14 and 22 weeks.

Results

Both arms of the current study were comparable regarding the cervical length at 14 and 22 weeks, mean gestational age at delivery, incidence of pre-term delivery, birth weight of the first twin. Second twin in addition to the average weight of both twins. No statistical significance differences between two arms regarding incidence of early neonatal death. NICU, mechanical ventilation, length of admission in NICU for the first twin. Second twin as well as both twins.

Conclusions

Vaginal progesterone treatment with different doses was tolerable, but wasn’t effective in the prevention of preterm labor in twin pregnancy.
Elaboration and characterization of extruded clay bricks with light weight date palm fibers
Authors: Bakhaled Mohamed Laid , Bentchikou Mohamed , Belarbi Rafik , Maliki Mustapha
Published: September 2021

Construction materials used in arid zones in Algeria are mainly concrete and clay bricks. These materials are not suitable for this climate as they have poor insulating properties. In order to improve thermal comfort in buildings and to save energy, materials used in construction must be good insulators while having an acceptable mechanical strength. New extruded clay bricks have been developed by incorporating date palm fibers into the clay matrix. These are considered renewable and are abundant agricultural waste generated by date palm trees each year without exploitation. Starting from the composition usually used by the local brickyard, seven compositions were tested, with clay/fiber ratios from 80 %/0 % to 68 %/12 %, by considering as a constant the sum of the masses (clay and fiber), with the percentage of dune sand maintained as equal to 20 wt.-%. From experiment tests it was observed that for a composition with 68 wt.-% clay, 20 wt.-% dune sand and 12 wt.-% fiber, the bricks prepared were light weight, had good thermal properties and met compressive strength requirements. For this composition the weight reduction exceeded 23 % for an energy saving impact of more than 44 % in a dry state.
Mountains, Herds and Crops: Notes on New Evidence from the Early Neolithic in the Southern Central Pyrenees
Authors: Gassiot-Ballbè Ermengol , Mazzucco Niccolò , Díaz-Bonilla Sara , Obea-Gómez Laura , Rey-Lanaspa Javier , Barba-Pérez Marcos , Garcia-Casas David , Rodríguez-Antón David , Salvador-Baiges Guillem , Majó-Ortín Tona , Clemente-Conte Ignacio
Published: September 2021

After years of intense fieldwork, our knowledge about the Neolithisation of the Pyrenees has considerably increased. In the southern central Pyrenees, some previously unknown Neolithic sites have been discovered at subalpine and alpine altitudes (1,000–1,500 m a.s.l.). One of them is Cueva Lóbrica, 1,170 m a.s.l., which has an occupation phase with impressed pottery datedca.5400 cal BCE. Another is Coro Trasito, 1,558 m a.s.l., a large rock shelter that preserves evidence of continuous occupations in the Early Neolithic, 5300–4600 cal BCE. Evidence of human occupation at higher altitudes has also been documented. In the Axial Pyrenees, at the Obagues de Ratera rock shelter, 2,345 m a.s.l., an occupation has been dated to around 5730–5600 cal BCE. At Cova del Sardo, in the Sant Nicolau Valley, at 1,780 m a.s.l., a series of occupations have been excavated, dated toca.5600–4500 cal BCE. These sites allow us to discuss patterns of occupation of the mountainous areas between the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. Recent data suggest that the last hunter–gatherer occupied all altitudinal stages of the Pyrenees, both in the outer and inner ranges. A change in the settlement pattern seems to have occurred in the Early Neolithic, which consisted of a concentration of occupations in the valley bottom and mid-slopes, in biotopes favourable to both herding and agriculture.
Einmal ist keinmal. Peculiar burial practices of prehistoric communities settling the Lublin-Volhynia Upland in the Early Iron Age
Authors: Chmielewski Tomasz J. , Hałuszko Agata , Mackiewicz Maksym , Pieńkos Igor , Sady-Bugajska Agata , Starkova Elena , Ślusarska Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

The study addresses remains of two peculiar graves unearthed at the site Mikulin 9 in the Dobużek Scarp (Pol. Skarpa Dobużańska) area in Western Volhynia. Unique character of the burials under consideration consists in the peculiarity of funeral ritual performed, scenario of which was basically divided into two acts of burning of the deceased – once on cremation pyres, and then in the eventual places of their interment (grave pits).

Both the graves under consideration as well as analogical finds from the western part of the Lublin-Volhynian Upland and its northern foreland can be connected with an impact form the Pontic area and dated back to the Early Scythian Period. Historically, their presence is commonly considered as a result of westward migrations of forest-steppe people form the area of nowadays Ukraine triggered by the appearance of Indo-Iranian Scythian tribes.

In the case of the presented burials no less significant from the peculiar eastern burial rite performed seem their localization. When discussing the Dobużek Scarp area as a destiny point of one of such migrations, clearly Pontic character of the escarpment’s physiography should be taken into consideration. The local conditions of the already unsettled loess paha of Dobużek escarpment must have peculiarly attracted pastoral communities arriving from the east.

Moreover, the graves were placed in a very exposed point within the preexisting prehistoric landscape, to wit – they were dug into today non-existent but then dominating the area long barrows of the Funnel Beaker Culture. It seems likely that by the act of burying their kinsman into the exposed Eneolithic mounds the incomers tried to create an ancestral tie with the area and thereby justify their presence “here and now”.
The Zoogonies of Empedocles Reconsidered
Authors: Ferella Chiara
Published: September 2021

The studies of Empedocles have made headway in showing that Empedocles postulated a double zoogony. Whereas this has been traditionally related to the hypothesis of two worlds per cycle, some Empedoclean fragments provide evidence for a double zoogony in a cosmic cycle with one world. How can we reconcile the hypothesis of two zoogonies with the assumption of a unique world? Whereas there have been attempts to address this question by retaining the traditional idea of two opposite zoogonic periods or phases, I contend that Empedocles’ fragments invite us to a reconsideration of his notion of a double birth and death of mortal beings.
The Playful Role of the Girl in Empedocles’ B100
Authors: van Luijn Nathasja
Published: September 2021

Empedocles’ B100 contains an analogy between a girl handling a clepsydra and respiration. This article argues that proposals to establish Love (Bollack 1965, Gheerbrant 2017) or Persephone (Rashed 2008) as the girl’s respiratory equivalent are rendered unlikely by differences between their respective causal roles. Rather than her gender, this article emphasises the importance of the girl’s age: Empedocles required a playful child to handle the clepsydra. This child’s play results in the extra phase of submerging the clepsydra while the upper vent is open, which Empedocles needed to form a parallel for the first static phase of respiration.
Plato on Self-Motion inLawsX
Authors: Marinescu Rareș Ilie
Published: September 2021

In this paper, I argue that Plato conceives self-motion as non-spatial inLawsX. I demonstrate this by focusing on the textual evidence and by refuting interpretations according to which self-motion either is a specific type of spatial motion (e. g. circular motion) or is said to require space as a necessary condition for its occurrence. Moreover, I show that this non-spatial understanding differs from the identification of the soul’s motion with locomotion in theTimaeus. Consequently, I provide an explanation for this difference between theTimaeusandLawsX by considering developmentalist and contextualist viewpoints.
Null Direct Object Clitics in Basque Spanish: A Study Across Four Generations
Authors: Gondra Ager
Published: September 2021

The null direct object clitic is described as one of the distinctive morphosyntactic features of Basque Spanish (e.g.,compré el libroi, pero se me ha olvidado traerøi). However, no study to date has explored the variable usage of this form in cross-generational terms. The present inquiry aims to fill this void by analyzing and contrasting the results of two studies by four generations of Spanish-Basque bilinguals with the following age ranges: 85–96 (Generation 1), 55–75 (Generation 2), 35–45 (Generation 3), 18–25 (Generation 4). The education level of the participants was also taken into consideration. The first study consisted of an acceptability judgment task, in which the participants rated the acceptability of sentences with a null direct object using a 5-point Likert scale. The independent linguistic variables in this study were the semantic features [+/-definiteness] and [+/-specificity]. The acceptance rate of null direct object clitics was significantly higher among Generation 1 and 2 speakers than among those of Generation 3 and 4, with no effect of definiteness or specificity. In the second study, based on an elicitation task, older speakers (Generation 1 and 2) produced significantly more null direct object clitics than their younger counterparts (Generation 3 and 4). By contrasting the differential behavior of the participants across and within the same generation, it is shown that the generational effects observed are mainly due to the participants’ different levels of formal education.
Spanish and Ladino in Contact in the United States
Authors: Kirschen Bryan
Published: September 2021

This study explores contact between Ladino-speaking Sephardim and Spanish-speaking Latinos in New York City and Los Angeles, home to two of the largest factions of each population in the United States. While the retention of postalveolar sibilants [ʒ, dʒ, ʃ] in Ladino, corresponding to velar [x] in Spanish, helps distinguish these varieties, research has demonstrated cases where Sephardim implement the latter phone in lieu of one of the former. That such contact-induced change is a result of interaction between Sephardim and Latinos is further examined in this research. Twenty-five speakers of Ladino participated in two oral-production tasks: within-group and between-group testing. In the former, informants were paired with another speaker of Ladino; in the latter, they were paired with a speaker of Spanish. Data reveal that informants replace postalveolar sibilants with velar [x] at a rate of 18.2% within group and 76.5% between group, when direct equivalencies exist. Statistical analysis demonstrates that production of velar [x], the dependent variable, is conditioned by several independent variables, both social (age, gender, city of residence, interlocutor) and linguistic (type of lexical correspondence and origin of lexicon). Subsequent discussion considers the role of accommodation in determining the ways in which speakers select and implement variation in their speech.
El diptongo/hiato como rasgo contrastivo: un estudio perceptual con hablantes de herencia de español
Authors: Milner Allison
Published: September 2021

This study examines the perception of diphthongs and hiatuses in 11 heritage Spanish speakers and 6 Spanish-dominant bilingual speakers with an AXB discrimination task (Lukyanchenko, Anna & Kira Gor. 2011. Perceptual correlates of phonological representations in heritage speakers and L2 learners. In Nick Danis, Kate Mesh & Hyunsuk Sung (eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual Boston University conference on language development, 414–426. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press). In Spanish, diphthongs and hiatuses represent distinct vocalic sequences (Schwegler, Armin, Juergen Kempff & Ana Ameal-Guerra. 2010. Fonética y fonología españolas, 4th edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley). However, there are words in which the pronunciation of the vocalic sequence as either a diphthong or hiatus serves as a contrastive feature, as in the example of ley / leí (Face, Timothy L. & Scott M. Alvord. 2004. Lexical and acoustic factors in the perception of the Spanish diphthong vs. Hiatus contrast. Hispania 87(3). 553–564; Hualde, José I. & Mónica Prieto. 2002. On the diphthong/hiatus contrast in Spanish: Some experimental results. Linguistics 40(2). 217–234). Given that these features also exist in English, albeit in different forms, does L2 influence of English impact heritage Spanish listeners' perception of diphthongs and hiatuses in Spanish? Specifically, this study examines discrimination between the diphthong / hiatus as a contrasting feature with /a e o/ as the nucleic vowel in the diphthongs. Results indicate that there is not a significant difference in discrimination between heritage speakers and Spanish-dominant bilinguals. Additionally, the nucleic vowel in the diphthong tokens is a significant factor for the ability to discriminate diphthongs vs. hiatuses in heritage Spanish speakers. The findings of this study contribute to the corpus of phonetic studies focusing on heritage Spanish speakers and perception in their heritage language.
A Case Report of Radiofrequency Ablation of Typical Atrial Flutter Combined with Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Chun-hui Chen , Li-ye Ning
Published: September 2021

A 63-year-old female patient with a history of pulmonary heart disease underwent radiofrequency ablation because of a persistent atrial flutter. Endocardial mapping with the carto3 system confirmed atrial flutter counterclockwise reentry around the tricuspid annulus. Routine ablation of the cavo-tricuspid isthmus line to bi-directional block was performed. However, tachycardia with the same cycle length was induced again. After remapping, the tachycardia was confirmed to be focal atrial tachycardia located in the crista terminalis. After ablation, the tachycardia was terminated and could not be induced again.
IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PASTEURIZATION TEMPERATURES (50°C and 70°C) ON THE QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SHRIMP (Parapenaeus longirostris)
Authors: ÜÇOK ALAKAVUK Didem , TOSUN Şehnaz Yasemin , CAN TUNÇELLİ İdil
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different pasteurization temperature (50°C and 70°C) on the basic quality parameters of shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory quality parameters were investigated to determine how the shrimps were affected after pasteurization. The cook loss, protein and fat percentage of shrimps significantly (P <0.05) increased with increasing temperature. No significant difference was found in terms of chemical parameters (TVB-N, TMA-N, TBARs) in both degrees of pasteurization. Based on microbiological analysis results, a significant (P <0.05) decrease was observed in the microbial load due to the increase in the pasteurization temperature. According to the results of sensory analysis, and color measurement no significant difference (P ˃0.05) was detected in pasteurization applications at 50°C and 70°C. As a result, it has been observed that the pasteurization application at 70°C generally makes a difference in all the parameters examined.
JODRIVERS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: WHAT CAN WE OBSERVE IN THE CZECH FOOD INDUSTRY?
Authors: Trnková Gabriela , Žáková Kroupová Zdeňka
Published: September 2021

This paper is focused on the investigation of the competitiveness drivers, namely technical and scale efficiency and technological change, and their relation to the profitability of the Czech food processing companies in the period 2016–2019. This investigation is based on the stochastic frontier modelling of an input distance function in the specification of the four-error-component model. The model is estimated with a multi-step procedure employing the generalized method of moments estimator addressing the potential endogeneity of netputs, and panel data gained from the Bisnode Albertina database. The results revealed (evaluated on the sample mean) that investigated food processing sectors were scale efficient in the analysed period, however, their production technologies exhibited prevailing technological regress. Moreover, the room for almost 17% cost reduction by the technical efficiency improvements was found out in all investigated sectors. Although inter-sectoral differences exist in the scale efficiency, technological change and technical efficiency dynamics, to increase the productivity and competitiveness of food processing companies, it is generally appropriate to focus on technical efficiency and technological change improvements. Both these competitiveness drivers connected with the cost reduction and minimizing of wastage of inputs are achievable through innovations. In general, the basic source of their financing is profit, the achievement of which is supported by cost minimization. However, it was found that sub-sectors, which are linked to sensitive sectors of agricultural production – that means sectors with the lowest national self-sufficiency, the highest level of imports and thus strong cost reduction pressure – have problem to translate the ability to produce efficiently into profitability. Although these food sectors, which have been also facing strong competition for a long time, which leads to significant pressure to reduce costs, achieved the highest technical efficiency, their profitability was lowest from the investigated sectors.
Relative Deprivation and Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Village Governance
Authors: Yao Yuting , Lu Shenghua , Wang Hui
Published: September 2021

Land expropriation is a common source of grievances and resistance from farmers in China. Based on survey data, we propose that farmers’ sense of relative deprivation is one of the causes. Our study focuses on compensation distribution in villages, where village collectives are the reference for comparison. Relative deprivation is measured by the ratio of farmer compensation to the standard government compensation; the gap between these is roughly the compensation retained by village collectives. The outcome variable is farmers’ willingness to participate in village governance. The empirical test is based on 2017 data from the Chinese Family Database of Zhejiang University and compensation standards data collected by the authors. Nearly 75% of respondents received less than standard compensation, which indicates widespread relative deprivation. And the greater the relative deprivation of farmers, the more willing they are to participate in village governance.
Can waist circumference be a predictor of bone mineral density independent of BMI in middle-aged adults?
Authors: Hua Ying , Fang Jinqiong , Yao Xiaocong , Zhu Zhongxin
Published: September 2021

Background

Obesity and osteoporosis are major public health issues globally. The prevalence of these two diseases prompts the need to better understand the relationship between them. Previous studies, however, have yielded controversial findings on this issue. Therefore, our aim in this study was to evaluate the independent association between waist circumference (WC), as a marker of obesity, and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine among middle-aged adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

Our analysis was based on NHANES data from 2011 to 2018, including 5084 adults, 40–59 years of age. A weighted multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between WC and lumbar BMD, with smooth curve fitting performed for non-linearities.

Results

After adjusting for BMI and other potential confounders, WC was negatively associated with lumbar BMD in men (β = −2.8, 95% CI: −4.0 to −1.6) and premenopausal women (β = −2.6, 95% CI: −4.1 to −1.1). On subgroup analysis stratified by BMI, this negative association was more significant in men with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (β = −4.1, 95% CI: −6.3 to −2.0) and in pre- and postmenopausal women with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (premenopausal women: β= −5.7, 95% CI: −9.4 to−2.0; postmenopausal women: β=−5.6, 95% CI: −9.7 to −1.6). We further identified an inverted U-shaped relationship among premenopausal women, with a point of inflection at WC of 80 cm.

Conclusions

Our study found an inverse relationship between WC and lumbar BMD in middle-aged men with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, and women with BMI <25 kg/m2.
Practice Innovation of the Construction of the Educational Community in Contemporary Rural Areas: Taking the 123 Rural Workshops with Famous Teachers in Hangzhou, Zhejiang as an Example
Authors: Tong Fuyong
Published: September 2021

For the sake of rural revitalization, on the basis of making efforts to the construction of rural teaching staff, innovative training mode of rural teachers, and the system of teacher workshops, 123 teacher workshops have been established in batches in Hangzhou in 2017. The essence of the workshop is the community of teacher professional development and the practice forms of a good community of rural-urban education, which effectively promoted the balance of rural-urban education. The establishment of the workshop follows the contemporary social background; hence it is not only the innovation of local policy and the practical experience but also the heritage and implementation of “system of training teaches as their friends” (Xingzhi Tao’s teacher education theory) in the new era. The workshops in Hangzhou formed the relatively complete construction mechanism through five aspects, including the system construction, activity form, training method, development guarantee, and the evaluation of the efforts. Three years since the establishment, lots of core teachers have been cultivated by the workshop, continue to expand the radiation effects of top teachers from point to area, so as to driving the education integrative development, constructing school cultural features, and promoting the rural revitalization.
A Practical Exploration in the Construction of Happiness Course in Rural Primary School
Authors: Ji Jingtang
Published: September 2021

Rural revitalization strategy is considered as an important measure in the realization of the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and rural education holds the balance in the strategy of rural revitalization. This article sticks to the “four confidences” from the perspective of the school, on the basis of the developing the happiness courses, contributing to the form of “triple learning across villages”, which is the new modality of rural curriculum education, and also exploring the new model of curriculum development featured rural characteristics, so as to devote to the new route of helping rural revitalization through education.
Combine the Culture and Tourism, Education and Society Coexist: The Development and Implementation of the “Little Guide in Historic Town” Courses
Authors: Bao Changfei
Published: September 2021

The event of little guide in historic town” is a comprehensive practical volunteer activity conducted in the AAAAA tourists’ attractions-Qiantong Historic Town, where students voluntarily explain the details of the town during their development curriculums or vocations, and the entire process follows the “little teacher” theory of Xingzhi Tao. The development of the activity provides students with more opportunities for comprehensive practice. To be specific, students can apply the knowledge when explaining the details, exploring the knowledge in the progress of practice, and training and enhancing the comprehensive quality through manners, writing, communication, and cooperation. In this way, it is appropriated to fully improve the comprehensive quality via the process from hometown to the society.
Using Labor Education as the Key to Unlock Students’ All
Authors: Wang Changjie
Published: September 2021

Labor education is an important carrier for the implementation of quality education, and it is also essential to promote students’ all-round development to foster virtue through education). The all-round development is the coordination of morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, and labor. Based on the concept of seaside education, along with the core value of being acceptable and kind, the school aims at cultivating students with the characteristic of willing to learn and accept, strong and brave. Also, the school broadens the time and space of seaside labor activities, fully developing the all-round education, constructing seaside labor curriculum to improve the all-round development, as a result, to form an integrated system through a comprehensive way.
Transferring School Education to Goodness Education: Discussion on the Construction and Implementation of Campus Culture in Primary School
Authors: Luo Jianying
Published: September 2021

Schools are being considered as the pioneer to carry out the mission of education. The development and implementation of campus culture decide whether the school can undertake this task and foster virtue through education. However, the development of campus culture cannot be established in a short time. Instead, it penetrates the long-time practice of running a school. From the practical perspective, this paper will discuss the way that goodness culture benefits school-running by exploring the connotation of the culture. The school can plan and express the goodness to develop its campus culture, especially in the campus design, the implementation of courses, the construction of teaching groups, and the follow-up of feedback. In this way, the school can contain the goodness in its campus culture to achieve the goal that educates students through good virtue.
The Analysis of the Status Quo and Promotion Strategies of Mathematical Reading of Lower Grade Students
Authors: Guo Jinju
Published: September 2021

Mathematical reading is one of the methods to gain information actively, absorb knowledge, develop mathematical thinking, and learn the Mathematical language. It is also an essential method to shape good Mathematical reading habits and master learning skills. Reading is a necessity for mathematics literacy, as well as the most demanding for migrant workers’ families. Shaping a good reading habit must cultivate from Grade One. During the teaching process, teachers need to fully take advantage of the textbook’s reading value and attach importance to the reading teaching of textbooks. Meanwhile, they have to enrich the system of Mathematical language. In this way, students can read orderly, thoughtfully, and actively. Centered on reading ability, teachers can cultivate students’ ability to gain mathematical knowledge independently. Moreover, students can have the capability of lifelong learning.
Estructura de capital y rentabilidad del sector bancario que opera en el Perú
Authors: Ramírez Huerta Valiente Pantaleón , Vicente Armas Edgar
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Establecer la asociación del costo promedio ponderado de capital con el rendimiento sobre los activos, del costo alternativo de capital con el rendimiento sobre el patrimonio, y del costo promedio de deuda con el rendimiento sobre las ventas en los bancos que operan en el Perú. Método: Investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental-transversal, correlacional. La población estuvo formada por 18 bancos, no fue necesario calcular la muestra; se recolectaron los datos mediante el análisis documental de los estados financieros anuales de 2010 a 2018 de cada banco; las hipótesis se probaron mediante el índice de correlación. Resultados: Se determinaron el costo promedio ponderado de capital, de capital propio y de capital por deuda; también el índice de rendimiento sobre los activos sobre el patrimonio neto, sobre las ventas y el valor económico añadido. Conclusión: Existe una correlación inversa entre el costo de capital promedio ponderado y el rendimiento sobre los activos; también entre el costo neto de la deuda de escudo fiscal y el rendimiento sobre las ventas; sin embargo, existe correlación directa entre el costo alternativo de capital y el rendimiento sobre el capital propio.
À contrecœur ‘unwillingly’, de bon cœur ‘heartily’, de tout cœur ‘with all my heart’: On the compositionality of idioms
Authors: Bertin Thomas
Published: September 2021

This study deals with meaning construction in idiomatic phrases (locutions figées/figements). We focus on three French idioms involving the word cœur (à contrecœur, de bon cœur, de tout cœur). To begin, we give a brief account of idiomaticity’s typical criteria, insisting on the common idea that idioms are semantically opaque (non-compositional): their meanings are not a combination of literal meanings (Gross 1996). We argue that another point of view is productive. Indeed, using the notion of “holistic compositionality” (Gosselin 2013), we investigate the way meaning may arise from the combination of words’ abstract semantic contributions (compositionality principle) and take shape contextually (contextuality principle). The primary goal of the study is to analyze the meaning of à contrecœur, de bon cœur, de tout cœur using this approach – which happens to be more accurate than the literal meaning combination approach. To achieve this goal for each of these three idioms: (1) we examine a sample of 200 utterances (and the contexts in which they occur) coming from a large data-source (frWaC) and (2) we take advantage of previous semantic descriptions of cœur (Bertin 2018, 2019), contre (Amiot & De Mulder 2003; Paillard 2003), bon (Katz 1964) and tout (Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot 1995). These two methodological tools shed light on the operation of the semantic mechanism and emphasize the relevance of the “holistic compositionality” approach when applied to idioms’ meaning construction.
Online Intercultural Dialogue: “Failed” Communication in a Telecollaboration Project
Authors: Savlovska Dina , Loizidou Dora , Ivanova Viktorija
Published: September 2021

Over the past two decades, the development of computer-mediated communication technologies has modified human communication. Increasingly, representatives from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds are disposed to a constant negotiation of meanings. The main purpose of this study is to carry out a linguistically grounded analysis of the intercultural dialogue during online asynchronous written exchanges between Latvian and Cypriot students.Based on the politeness theory of Brown and Levinson (1987), which implies that all adult members of society are endowed with two universal aspects: “positive face” and “negative face”, and using the methods of content analysis and discourse analysis, this research analyses the way learners communicate or hide their position concerning sensitive cultural issues. To attain the objective of the present research, a quantitative and qualitative experimental study was conducted. The learners’ public messages in the discussion forums were juxtaposed with their private messages concerning proposed cultural topics. The findings show a strong interdependence between the politeness strategies used by the learners and the intercultural issue discussed. Thus, online intercultural discussions can be qualified as context-dependent and content-dependant. Discussion forum does not seem to be an appropriate environment to facilitate and encourage intercultural discussions about potentially controversial issues.
Multifunctionality of the French Verb Finir ‘to Finish’ Based Constructions: a Corpus-Based Study of French and Lithuanian
Authors: Valiukienė Vita , Dubikaltytė-Raugalienė Lina
Published: September 2021

Based on the Corpus parallèle de Textes Littéraires (CTLFR-LT), consisting of French fiction texts and their translations into Lithuanian, the present article aims toshow the functional versatility of the French verb finir ‘to finish’. The paper focuses on the following particular constructions:S((in)anim) + finir + (GN);S((in)anim) + (en) finir de + V(inf);S ((in)anim) + finir par + V(inf);pour finir.While retaining its literal meaning, the verb finir ‘to finish’ exhibits a great range of modally marked uses. These uses, considered peripheral in the majority of French monolingual and bilingual grammars or dictionaries, nevertheless appear to be statistically very significant in the present dataset. The study shows that the verb finir ‘to finish’ can be used as a component of various constructions in which it loses its core lexical meaning and functions as an adverbial or discourse connector. The analysis of the data of the corpus Corpus parallèle de Textes Littéraires merely confirms the fact that the constructions under consideration can have a two-fold reading: the adverbial function of time and the function of a sentence adverbial.
Downward movement: (se) baisser ‘to fall’
Authors: Cholewa Joanna
Published: September 2021

This article aims to disambiguate the French verb baisser, which describes the downward movement of an entity, and to present its conceptual structure. Our approach is strongly based on the belief that the meaning of the word is conceptual, and that it reflects the world being looked at, not the real world (Honeste 1999, 2005). Our interest will focus on the locative and abstract meanings of the chosen verb, the uses of which we will study. Each use is a set formed by a predicate, defined by its arguments whose field is delimited by the predicate itself (Gross 2015). Arguments are defined using object classes. Each use is illustrated by a single sentence and a translation into Polish, the translation being a synonym of a word in another language. The type of event described by the verb will be studied, taking into account:

the situation described by the verb (kinematic, dynamic, according to Desclés 2003, 2005);

belonging to one of the four groups of verbs of movement, distinguished by Aurnague (2012) according to two parameters: change of location and change of elementary locative relwation;

polarity (initial, median and final, according to Borillo 1998).

Baisser has twelve uses (locative and abstract). Their invariant meaning is downwards movement, which is conceptualized in different ways: displacement of an entity downwards in physical space, but also as a decrease along a scale: of quantifiable value, of sound, of luminosity, intensity or quality, and finally of physical strength and of quality.
ESTUDIO DE LA ENTOMOFAUNA DE GENOTIPOS DE FRIJOL POR MEDIO DE ANÁLISIS MULTIVARIADO
Authors: Piñeyro Ferreira Nahara Gabriela , Fernandes Marcos Gino , Carvalho da Silva Priscila , De Souza Silva Antonio , Candido Liliam Silvia
Published: September 2021

En el cultivo del frijol existen diversas especies de insectos que pueden ocasionar perjuicios a la productividad y enemigos naturales que pueden ayudar a regular sus poblaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la entomofauna asociada a 20 genotipos de frijol y correlacionar la interacción entre los insectos utilizando análisis multivariado. Las especies más abundantes en el sistema estudiado fueron Sternechus subsignatus (Curculionidae: Sternechini), Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) y Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Las tres especies presentaron correlación directa entre sí. El cultivo del frijol en estudio presentó tres especies de chinches consideradas importantes plagas. Las especies Cerotoma arcuata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) y Edessa meditabunda meditabunda (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) presentaron correlación inversa entre sí.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia IN AN ENDEMIC AREA OF AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS, STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL
Authors: Gonçalves André Luiz , Castro Edilene Alcântara de , Luz Ennio , Fendrich Ricardo Cancio , Souza Nataly Araújo de , Thomaz-Soccol Vanete
Published: September 2021

Lutzomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) features as one of the main vectors that are involved in the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the Neotropical region. However, genetic studies involving this taxon are still incipient and important for understanding the level of variability of different populations, their role, and implications as vectors. The aim of this study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of L. intermedia present in the Ribeira River Valley, an area of ACL transmission in the state of Paraná, Brazil, through the Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Two municipalities were chosen to collect sand flies: Cerro Azul (new transmission area of the ACL) and Adrianópolis (endemic area of the ACL). The insects were captured in the house, in the peridomicile and in the wild (forest). Two of the used markers made it possible to estimate the polymorphism of the studied populations, resulting in 40 genotypes, most of them from peridomicile. The dendrogram generated by the analysis with the primer A10 showed different degrees of similarity, suggesting that there may be gene flow in the studied populations. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) with the A2 primer, was useful in grouping L. intermedia according to its ecological and geographical origin. There was no distinction between the lineages composing the L. intermedia complex. The results of this study, with the record of great genotypic diversity in L. intermedia, may contribute to explain the maintenance of the life cycle of Leishmania braziliensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the region.
CONTENIDO DE POLIFENOLES, CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y TOXICIDAD DE Solanum ferrugineum (SOLANACEAE) CON POTENCIAL MEDICINAL
Authors: Fernandez Victoria Estefania , Ruiz Mario Alberto
Published: September 2021

Solanum ferruginium es una planta que crece en lugares perturbados como maleza, es de uso medicinal poco utilizada que presenta un gran potencial como fuente de antioxidantes debido a su alto contenido en polifenoles. Debido a esto se analizó el contenido de polifenoles, flavonoides, proantocianidinas y capacidad antioxidante in vitro (ensayo de captación de radicales DPPH) en hojas, tallos y planta completa de tres localidades (Las agujas, Parque el Nabo y Bosque la Primavera) de Zapopan, Jalisco, así como su toxicidad subcronica en hojas. En general se observó diferencia significativa (p£ 0,05), en las muestras de las tres localidades, las hojas presentaron el mayor contenido de polifenoles (15,3±0,7 a 22±0,4 mg expresado como equivalente de ácido gálico (EAG/g) en muestras de Parque el Nabo, flavonoides (7,8±0,3 a 13,3±0,3 mg EC/g) y proantocianidinas (3,4±0,1 a 4,2±0,05 mg expresado como equivalente de catequina (EC/g) en el Bosque la Primavera. La capacidad antioxidante fue similar en todas las muestras, con valores de 8,3 a 17 µg/mL de concentración media inhibitora (CI50). En la prueba toxicológica, los ratones no mostraron signos de toxicidad a ninguna dosis por efecto de la administración de la planta en estudio, por lo que la dosis letal media (DL50) es > 15 000 mg/kg de peso corporal. El contenido de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante en S. ferruginium sobre todo en hojas indican un alto potencial con propiedades farmacológicas además de su inocuidad, por lo que es importante realizar estudios de sus compuestos fenólicos individuales, antes de ser utilizada en farmacología.
O conhecimento matemático para o ensino de inequações: um estudo com professores
Authors: Da Silva Dicetti Tanara , Bisognin Eleni , Pretto Valdir
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo, refere-se a um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, cujo objetivo foi investigar quais conhecimentos para o ensino são identificados nas resoluções de atividades relativas às inequações, apresentadas por um grupo de professores de Matemática. A concepção metodológica desta pesquisa é classificada como uma abordagem qualitativa. O levantamento de dados foi realizado por meio de questionários, e o processo de análise de dados foi feito através de categorias definidas pela pesquisadora a partir do conhecimento matemático para o ensino de Ball, Thames, Phelps (2008). Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar as facilidades e fragilidades dos professores no que se refere ao ensino de inequações, bem como a manifestação do conhecimento matemático para ele. Entendemos, ainda, que o trabalho desenvolvido favorece a observação da fragilidade dos professores em alguns conhecimentos para o ensino de inequação, abrindo espaço para novas pesquisas que envolvam/proponham formações – iniciais e/ou continuadas –, no que se refere a diferentes abordagens algébricas.
Is MDD the right target for early-stage psychedelic-assisted therapy trials?
Authors: Lewis Benjamin R. , Byrne Kevin
Published: September 2021

The recently published Imperial College study of a Phase II, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing psilocybin-assisted therapy to a six-week titration of escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) should raise concerns for this illness category as a target of early psychedelic research given a goal of FDA approval. There are three reasons why MDD is the wrong target at this stage of research development. Firstly, the psychiatric category of MDD is heterogeneous, vaguely-defined, and overdiagnosed in a way that will problematize finding a reliable signal with psychedelic interventions (or any intervention), particularly within non-severe cases. Secondly, current rating scales for MDD (QIDS used in the Imperial College trial, but also HAM-D) are limited in approximating the kinds of things we ultimately care most about with depressive states, namely functional status, quality of life, and well-being: measures that seem more salient for psychedelic interventions and which are not adequately captured by these rating scales used in a majority of clinical trials. And thirdly, there are inherent conflicts between psychiatric conceptualizations of MDD (and its symptom amelioration) and the kinds of perspectives on one’s suffering often occasioned by psychedelic experiences themselves: while these kinds of psychedelic-catalyzed openings may lead to a form of acceptance or equanimity with regards to one’s life circumstances this could be in many ways orthogonal to reductions in HAM-D scores. We argue that for these reasons MDD is a non-ideal target at this stage of the science and propose alternative directions.