bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria (2008–2024)
Authors: Kadariswantiningsih Ika N. , Rampengan Derren David , Ramadhan Roy Novri , Idrisova Alina , Idrisov Bulat , Empitu Maulana A.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria pose a significant threat to public health due to their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. This meta‐analysis aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria in Indonesia.

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis adhere to PRISMA guidelines to estimate the prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria in Indonesia from 2008 to 2024. Systematic searches were conducted by PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Index Medicus, and data were analyzed using a random‐effects model to address heterogeneity.

Results

A systematic search yielded 1160 records. After duplicate removal and eligibility screening, 64 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 48 were suitable for quantitative analysis. The pooled prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing‐producing bacteria in Indonesia was 46.38% (95% CI: 39.55%–53.21%) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.05%), reflecting substantial variability in methodologies, populations, and regional contexts. While Sumatra shows the highest prevalence at 63.99% (95% CI: 62.09%–65.89%) and Kalimantan the lowest at 15.24% (95% CI: 9.45%–21.02%), these findings must be interpreted with caution due to the significant heterogeneity. In hospitals, the prevalence was 47.13% (95% CI: 39.71%–54.54%), and in community was 47.26% (95% CI: 26.47%–59.95%). Adults had a higher prevalence (44.56%, 95% CI: 35.48%–53.64%) than children (32.38%, 95% CI: 20.85%–43.91%). The prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli was 57.84% (95% CI: 45.97%–69.72%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae was 51.03% (95% CI: 41.19%–60.86%).

Conclusion

These findings highlight the urgent need for stringent infection control measures, tailored surveillance programmes, and effective antibiotic stewardship in Indonesia to mitigate the impact of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing bacteria on public health. The substantial heterogeneity underscores the complexity of antimicrobial resistance epidemiology in Indonesia, necessitating cautious interpretation of pooled prevalence and standardised methodologies for future research to ensure accurate prevalence estimates.
Estimulación multisensorial y su efecto en el personal de salud que trabaja en áreas de covid-19: una prueba piloto
Authors: Lozano Mosos Juan Sebastian , Colina Matiz Soraya , Carreño Moreno Sonia Patricia , Arbeláez Gutiérrez Paula , Salinas Luis
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Los trabajadores de la salud en Colombia enfrentaron desafíos típicos planteados por la pandemia, agravados por factores adicionales. En consecuencia, se requirieron intervenciones de emergencia para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia en el personal de salud. Métodos: Estudio mixto en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá (Colombia), entre julio y octubre de 2021. Objetivo: Investigar los posibles efectos de la intervención en la sala multisensorial Snoezelen en la percepción del malestar de un grupo de trabajadores de la salud en áreas covid en el Hospital Militar Central. Resultados: Se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,001) en los niveles de estrés después de la intervención, como se demostró mediante las diferencias en las mediciones previas y posteriores a la intervención (mediana, IQR). El análisis cualitativo reveló que esta mejora en la percepción del malestar, a menudo, se atribuyó a la intervención, con algunos participantes pasando de emociones negativas (como tristeza, ansiedad y dolor) a relajación y tranquilidad. Conclusiones: La principal contribución de este estudio radica en la capacidad para llevar a cabo investigaciones en la práctica y el uso creativo de los recursos existentes para abordar problemas emergentes.
Despertando a una realidad”: visión y metaparadigma de enfermería en el cuidado de una persona con cáncer hepático
Authors: Guzmán Gutiérrez Andrés
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la narrativa de enfermería desde la visión y los conceptos del metaparadigma de enfermería propuestos por Fawcett. La narrativa en enfermería es un componente fundamental de la expresión de la interacción del profesional de enfermería con los seres humanos. Sirve como escenario para identificar componentes epistemológicos constitutivos del conocimiento propio de la disciplina. Metodología: Análisis desde el componente conceptual en el marco de la asignatura Seminario de Evaluación de la Teoría para la Investigación y la Práctica del Doctorado en Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Resultados: En la narrativa se evidenciaron componentes del conocimiento disciplinar de enfermería, como la visión y los conceptos metaparadigmáticos. La narrativa se encuentra en una visión interactiva integrativa. Conclusión: Se debe dar prioridad a la identificación de las necesidades que las personas en distintas situaciones no logran expresar de manera verbal. Esta es una narrativa que evidencia parte de la estructura de la estructura conceptual teórico-empírica, propuesta por Fawcett, que extiende un puente entre la teoría y la práctica.
A Review of Technologies for the Early Detection of Wildfires
Authors: Honary Ryan , Shelton Jeff , Kavehpour Pirouz
Published: January 2025

Wildfires have become a persistent and growing global risk, causing increasing financial, human, and environmental damage. By all accounts and predictions, they will continue to rise in frequency and intensity throughout the 21st century. This paper begins by analyzing the physics of fire and outlines why detecting wildfires in their incipient stages is the most effective way to manage them. We review the various architectures and approaches adopted for wildfire detection, including spaceborne, airborne, fixed cameras, and sensor networks. The paper further analyzes the pros and cons of each approach and reviews recent deployments and published research. In particular, it focuses on the growing and significant role that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Learning (DL) play in improving the effectiveness of the aforementioned architectures. It examines recent algorithms and models published by various wildfire detection platforms and compares their effectiveness. The study suggests that the most effective solutions combine elements of the mentioned architectures, integrating different sensors to look for different fire signatures, and coupling them with sophisticated DL algorithms to maximize sensitivity while minimizing false alarms. An important trend is the advancement of low-power high-performance hardware architectures, enabling real-time operation of DL algorithms on an edge device with limited memory and processing resources. As seconds and minutes can significantly impact our ability to effectively suppress a wildfire, the ability to process data, in real-time at the network edge, even in remote, unpredictable, and fragile environment is crucial.
Piecewise linear vibrations of a cracked beam
Authors: Tandel Vaibhav , Jayaprakash K. R.
Published: January 2025

We consider the piecewise linear (PWL) vibrations in a cracked Rayleigh beam. The change in local stiffness at the crack site due to a mode-1 crack is introduced through a PWL flexural spring such that the local stiffness is higher in the closed crack configuration than in the open crack configuration. Whereas, without loss of generality, we consider the closed crack configuration to be an intact/pristine beam disregarding the contact micromechanics and relative motion of the cracked surfaces. However, the presented method is applicable even when one considers loss of flexural rigidity in the closed crack configuration as well. Such a model results in slope discontinuity at the crack site in both open and closed crack configurations. It is recognized that the dynamics in these two mutually exclusive configurations are individually linear and support self-adjoint eigenvalue problems. However, the beam experiences the PWL character of the local stiffness at the crack site when it transits from one configuration to another. With this premise, a semi-analytical approach is evolved by invoking the expansion theorem in each of these configurations in terms of their respective orthonormal eigenfunctions. As the beam transits between the configurations governed by a switching condition, the displacement and velocity of the beam are matched at the very instant. The present study is quite unique in its semi-analytical approach based on the first principles, physical reasoning, mathematical validity and the generality that it provides for further investigation. We present interesting results emerging in the free vibrations exhibiting energy exchange between non-closely spaced modes. Whereas, the forced vibrations exhibit resonance close to the ith PWL frequency, defined in terms of the ith eigenfrequencies of both configurations. Finally, a method based on the canonical Action-Angle (A-A) variables and the method of averaging is devised to study the forced vibrations of the cracked beam by deriving an averaged slow-flow model. We present the comparative results and discuss the limitations of some of these approaches in the study of such dynamical systems.
Three new eriophyoid mites (Eriophyidae: Leipothrix) from Jilin Province, China
Authors: Han Xiao , Xie Ao-Cong , Chen Ri-Zhao
Published: January 2025

Three new species of eriophyoid mites from Jilin Province, northeastern China were described and illustrated. They are Leipothrix inconspicuae sp. nov. collected from Viola inconspicua Blume (Violaceae), Leipothrix plantae sp. nov. collected from Hosta plantaginea (Lam.) Asch. (Asparagaceae), and Leipothrix hierae sp. nov. collected from Picris hieracioides L. (Asteraceae). These new species are vagrant on leaves.
Granuloma and persistent detection of wild-type rubella virus in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Pronier Charlotte , Roger Steven , Besombes Juliette , Llamas Guttierez Francisco , Revest Matthieu , Hübschen Judith M. , Perlat Antoinette , Vauloup-Fellous Christelle , Thibault Vincent
Published: January 2025

We report a case of wild-type rubella virus (genotype 2B) granuloma in a 29-year-old immunocompromised patient with a full vaccination scheme. He had been followed since his early teens for an unlabeled systemic inflammatory disease. On an inguinal node biopsy, histological analysis revealed a nguudiffuse non-necrotic granulomatous inflammation with no identified conventional infectious agent involved in granuloma formation. Further virological investigation revealed rubella virus (RuV) RNA detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Wild-type viral RNA persistence was documented in plasma samples collected up to 25 months after initial detection and also in different sequential biological samples (cerebrospinal fluid and nasopharyngeal swab). In the context of incomplete rubella eradication, RuV must be added to the list of potential triggers of chronic granuloma in immunodeficient patients.

IMPORTANCE

Rubella has become rare but has not yet disappeared. Rubella virus (RuV) must be added to the list of potential triggers of granuloma, particularly in immunodeficient patients. Diagnosis of RuV granulomas requires molecular testing of biopsy. RuV sequencing distinguishes between wild-type and vaccine-derived viruses and enables epidemiological surveillance.
Supplemental Material: An asymmetric Late Cretaceous back-arc basin south of Tibet?
Authors: Xu Shihua , al. et
Published: January 2025

Appendix S1, Figures S1–S5, and Table S1. 
Supplemental Material: Geological evidence for repeated slip-to-the-trench style megathrust earthquakes at the Japan Trench
Authors: Pizer Charlotte , al. et
Published: January 2025

Additional data figures (original high resolution multichannel seismic and sub-bottom profiler data at lower vertical resolution, and full data on Core M0083F) to support interpretations.
Conservative medical therapy for a macroprolactinoma presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus
Authors: Cuaño Patricia Maria Gregoria Mina , Isip-Tan Iris Thiele , Chan Kevin Ivan Peñaverde
Published: January 2025

Obstructive hydrocephalus is a rare complication of pituitary prolactinomas, especially in women, where symptoms of amenorrhoea rarely go unnoticed. In this study, a case of a female in her 20s with a 2-month history of frontotemporal headache, acutely worsening over 3 days, is presented. Cranial imaging showed a sellar-suprasellar mass (2.6 × 3.5 × 3.6 cm) with associated obstructive hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation. Hyperprolactinaemia was confirmed, and cabergoline was initiated. Clinically, the patient’s headache resolved within 24 hours of the first dose, and repeat prolactin levels fell by 96% within the first month. Repeat imaging confirmed the resolution of the obstructive hydrocephalus within 4 weeks. The patient was able to return to her work, and her menses resumed more than a year later. This case and the corresponding review of the literature demonstrate the possible utility of medical management in cases of obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a macroprolactinoma.
Pericardial thymoma presenting as cardiac tamponade in an adult
Authors: Prakash Avinash , Rawat Shubham Singh , Russal Starlet Abisho , Kumar Arvind
Published: January 2025

Thymoma is a rare tumour originating from the thymic epithelial cells. Here, we present a rare case of thymoma in a female patient in her early 60s, who presented for a clinical emergency. The tumour initially mimicked a primary pericardial tumour causing cardiac tamponade, but on surgical resection and subsequent histopathological examination, it was found to be a thymoma. This case emphasises the importance of considering thymoma as a possible aetiology in pericardial masses and highlights the diagnostic dilemmas associated with thymomas presenting in ectopic locations.
Hypothyroid-induced hyponatraemia in a premature infant with a false-negative newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: van Gisbergen Maartje , de Moor Ronald , Verrijn Stuart Annemarie , van den Berg Gerrit , Sijbesma Bianco , van Hoften Jacorina
Published: January 2025

Worldwide newborn screening (NBS) programmes detect one in 2000–4000 newborns with forms of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). However, some newborns such as premature born babies, are at increased risk for a false-negative test result caused by delayed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation through an immature hypothalamic-pituitary axis. We report a case of a premature newborn in which CH remained undetected. At the age of 3 months cardiorespiratory incidents increased, bradycardia, hypothermia and seizures developed. Investigation revealed severe hypotonic hyponatraemia (85 mmol/L), severe CH (TSH 300 mIU/L, free T4 2 pmol/L), renal insufficiency and metabolic acidosis. High urine osmolality, low urine sodium concentration and an extremely activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system suggested a low effective circulating volume. This case report describes hypothyroid-induced hyponatraemia in a premature newborn with a false-negative NBS and thus re-emphasises the importance of repeat screening or repeat thyroid function testing for CH in premature newborns.
Posterior urethral valve complicated by bilateral urinoma and vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Parakkat Rohith , Rathan Vipul K , Rai Santosh Phajir Vishwanath
Published: January 2025

We discuss a case of a late preterm neonate who presented with hematuria and impaired renal function. Antenatally, the baby was diagnosed with bilateral gross hydroureteronephrosis. The postnatal abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral subcapsular renal collections, mild hydroureteronephrosis, renal parenchymal changes and a cystic lesion around the bladder neck. Micturating cystourethrogram revealed the presence of posterior urethral valve (PUV) and left grade 5 vesicoureteral reflux. A final diagnosis of bilateral subcapsular urinomas due to PUV was made. The patient underwent vesicostomy, which resulted in considerable improvement in renal function. A follow-up ultrasound scan after a few weeks revealed a significant reduction in the size of bilateral urinomas and improvement in renal function.
Rare condition of congenital intermetatarsal coalition with deformity of the fifth metatarsal and symptomatic lesion on the plantar aspect of the foot
Authors: J S R G Saran , Yelemele Chandrashekhar Shravan
Published: January 2025

Congenital coalitions are defined as abnormal osseous or fibrocartilaginous bridges between two bones due to failure of embryonic segmentation. In the foot, tarsal bone coalitions are commonly seen, but intermetatarsal coalition is extremely rare and very few cases have been reported in literature to date. We report a case of a unilateral, congenital metatarsal coalition between the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones in a kid in his middle childhood, who presented with unilateral chronic forefoot pain on activity with keratosis under the fifth metatarsal head.

A thorough history with clinical examination revealed a deformed, plantar flexed fifth toe with callosity formation under the head of the fifth metatarsal head. Further radiographs revealed a bony coalition between the fourth and fifth metatarsal base with a subtle cavus foot and markedly increased fifth ray declination angle. A corrective proximal oblique osteotomy was done at the fifth metatarsal base and held with Kirschner wires (K-wires) and the limb was immobilised for a period of 6 weeks. The patient followed up with serial radiograph examinations and at the end of 6 weeks, K-wires were removed and repeat weight-bearing views were taken and evaluated.

After the surgical intervention, there is symptomatic relief in pain as well as a reduction in the callosity and deformity.

Intermetatarsal coalition is a very rare condition. The definitive management for symptomatic cases is corrective surgery to achieve normal biomechanics in the foot as well as pain-free weight bearing. Proximal osteotomy at the fifth metatarsal base gave excellent results in our patient.
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma presenting with synchronous brain metastases
Authors: Petrosian Derek , Fadul Camilo E , Reilley Matthew , Dillon Patrick
Published: January 2025

Brain metastases are rare and poorly understood complications of oesophageal carcinoma. This report describes a case of brain metastasis as the initial presentation of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The rarity and the lack of prospective clinical trials of brain metastasis in oesophageal cancer result in the absence of treatment guidelines. Common treatments for brain metastases, regardless of tumour of origin, are applicable to oesophageal brain metastases and include surgical resection, whole brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy/immunotherapy and/or symptomatic control with steroids and anticonvulsants.
Risk factors for rapid axial length growth in a prospective cohort study of 3-year to 9-year-old Chinese children
Authors: Yu Yanze , Chen Hao , Zhang Zhe , Ye Yuhao , Shen Yang , Xu Ye , Zheng Ke , Wang Xiaoying , Jia Yingnan , Zhou Xingtao , Zhao Jing
Published: January 2025

Aims

To identify factors contributing to rapid axial length (AL) growth in children aged 3–9 years.

Methods

Four thousand four hundred thirty-five children were followed from 2019 to 2022. AL and corneal curvature were measured using an IOLMaster 500, while refractometry and visual acuity were also assessed. Baseline data included demographics and parental myopia status, with annual updates on height, weight and behavioural factors. Latent class growth model was used to discover AL trajectories, whereas multiple logistic regression was used to identify determinants of rapid AL elongation.

Results

For all participants, baseline age and parental myopia influenced AL growth. Specifically, children aged 3–6 years exhibited faster AL elongation when engaging in persistent excessive homework time (OR, 2.86, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.95) and near-work activities (OR, 2.13, 95% CI 1.12 to 4.10). For the 7–9-year group, the risk factors of rapid AL growth included being female (OR, 2.05, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.90) and need myopia correction at baseline (OR, 3.19, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.02). Notably, actively engaging in outdoor activities had a protective effect in the 7–9-year group (OR, 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97).

Conclusions

This study delineates AL growth trajectories in children aged 3–9 years and highlights distinct risk factors for rapid AL growth. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing age-specific strategies for myopia prevention and control.
Essential newborn care practices in selected public health facilities using observation of 2603 normal deliveries in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Isac Shajy , Dehury Bidyadhar , Prakash Ravi , Hasan Nihal , Anthony John , Ramesh Banadakoppa Manjappa , Javalkar Prakash P , Namasivayam Vasanthakumar , Becker Marissa L , Blanchard James , Boerma Ties
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Essential newborn care (ENBC) practices are recommended for all births to improve neonatal survival. This paper aims to understand the facility-level variations and factors associated with the essential newborn care practices by providers in higher-level public health facilities in 25 high priority districts (HPDs) of Uttar Pradesh (UP).

Methods

We used observational cross-sectional quantitative data from 48 selected public health facilities (23 district hospitals (DH) and 25 community health centres (CHC)—first referral units (FRU)) implemented in 25 HPDs of UP from February 2020 to May 2021. We defined ENBC practice as both cord care and initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth were practiced in normal deliveries by the staff nurse. Descriptive analysis was done based on data from 2603 newborns attended by 318 providers. A stratified analysis was done by DH and CHC-FRU.

Results

Overall, essential newborn care was practiced among 26.1% of the newborns (26.2% in DH and 35.0% in CHC-FRU). The ENBC practice varied across facilities from 3.0% to 64.1% in DH and from 0% to 91.0% in CHC-FRU. The ENBC practice was about 2.3 times higher in facilities with a high level of skill and knowledge of the providers (39.0%) compared with the facilities with a low level of skill and knowledge (16.9%). Similar patterns of association between providers’ skills and knowledge of ENBC practices were observed in DH and CHC-FRU.

Conclusion

Skill and knowledge on ENBC components are significantly associated with the clinical practices of providers, with a high level of variability across facilities. This suggests a focused facility-based assessment and enhancement of the clinical competencies of the providers to improve the quality of care in public health facilities in UP.
Mental health help-seeking knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among male elite rugby players: the role of masculine health-related values
Authors: Ojio Yasutaka , Amemiya Rei , Oliffe John L , Rice Simon M
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Masculine norms of toughness and self-reliance can discourage help-seeking among elite athletes who are men. Effective ways to leverage masculine norms for help-seeking is a relatively unexplored area in athlete mental health. The study aimed to investigate how masculine health-related values measured by the Intentions Masculine Values Scale (IMVS) affect help-seeking behaviours among male elite rugby players.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 220 Japanese male elite rugby players in the Japan Rugby League One (response rate: 40.6%). Participants completed an online survey assessing help-seeking knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, along with masculine health-related values using the IMVS. Psychological safety within sports settings was evaluated using the Sport Psychological Safety Inventory (SPSI). Multiple regression analyses examined relationships between help-seeking behaviours and IMVS/SPSI.

Results

The Open and Selfless IMVS value was significantly associated with help-seeking knowledge (β=0.059, p=0.009) and attitudes (β=0.064, p=0.006), increasing recognition of the need for help and willingness to seek it. However, no significant association with actual help-seeking behaviour was found (β=−0.006, p=0.774). The Healthy and Autonomous IMVS value was associated with lower help-seeking behaviour (β=0.060, p=0.010), indicating higher autonomy may inhibit seeking professional support. The SPSI was not significantly related to help-seeking measures.

Conclusion

Findings highlight critical gaps between intention and actual help-seeking behaviour among male elite athletes. Further research is needed to explore additional cultural and organisational factors that may better explain help-seeking behaviour and inform effective intervention strategies.
Ethics in digital phenotyping: considerations regarding Alzheimer’s disease, speech and artificial intelligence
Authors: Dino Francesca Rose , Pressman Peter Scott , Cohen Kevin Bretonnel , Dubljevic Veljko , Jarrold William , Foltz Peter W , DeCamp Matt , Mahoor Mohammad H , Hunter Lawrence E
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital phenotyping, including computational speech analysis, increasingly allows for the collection of diagnostically relevant information from an ever-expanding number of sources. Such information usually assesses human behaviour, which is a consequence of the nervous system, and so digital phenotyping may be particularly helpful in diagnosing neurological illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease. As illustrated by the use of computational speech analysis of Alzheimer’s disease, however, neurological illness also introduces ethical considerations beyond commonly recognised concerns regarding machine learning and data collection in everyday environments. Individuals’ decision-making capacity cannot be assumed. Understanding of analytical results will likely be limited even as the personal significance of those results is both highly sensitive and personal. In a traditional clinical evaluation, there is an opportunity to ensure that information is relayed in a way that is highly customised to the individual’s ability to understand results and make decisions, and privacy is closely protected. Can any such assurance be offered as digital phenotyping technology continues to advance? AI-supported digital phenotyping offers great promise in neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but it also poses ethical challenges. We outline some of these risks as well as strategies for risk mitigation.
Illustrative case of prosopagnosia after diagnostic cerebral angiography and systematic review of transient cortical blindness after cerebral angiography
Authors: Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Levy Elad I
Published: January 2025

Background

Transient cortical blindness is a rare complication after cerebral angiography. We report an unusual case of face blindness (prosopagnosia) in a patient who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography for an incidentally discovered left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. The patient experienced difficulty recognizing faces 3 hours postprocedure, with resolution of symptoms within 24 hours.

Objective

To carry out a systematic review of transient cortical blindness after cerebral angiography to investigate factors associated with, and management of, this rare phenomenon.

Methods

The review was conducted using PubMed and Embase, with search terms related to cerebral angiography and transient blindness. Included studies reported transient cortical blindness after diagnostic or interventional cerebral angiography and detailed patient demographics, procedural specifics, onset and resolution of blindness, and postprocedural imaging findings.

Results

Twenty-two articles involving 63 patients were identified. Most cases (n=54, 85.7%) were associated with diagnostic procedures. All nine interventional cases involved cerebral aneurysm treatments. Forty-two (66.7%) patients experienced complete blindness, with an average onset of 2 hours postprocedure and resolution within 82 hours (range 6 hours–21 days). Postprocedural neuroimaging abnormalities were observed in 24 (53.3%) cases, mainly showing contrast enhancement in the occipital lobe. All patients recovered vision.

Conclusions

Our review highlights the rarity of prosopagnosia after cerebral angiography, a rare variant of cortical blindness. The findings suggest that cortical blindness resolves spontaneously within a short period. Although complete visual loss is more commonly reported in the literature, facial recognition deficits are rare. Awareness of transient cortical blindness after cerebral angiography is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.
Embolic risk management in infective endocarditis: predicting the ‘embolic roulette’
Authors: Serban Adela Mihaela , Pepine Diana , Inceu Andreea , Dadarlat Alexandra , Achim Alexandru
Published: January 2025

Life-threatening complications of infective endocarditis (IE,) are heart failure, uncontrolled infection and embolic events (EE), which pose significant morbidity and mortality risks. EE from vegetation rupture are frequent, occurring in more than 50% of patients and can lead to ischaemic stroke and systemic organ infarctions, contributing to poor patient outcomes. Early identification and characterisation of embolic risk factors, including vegetation size, mobility and echogenicity assessed through transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, but also certain pathogens and biomarkers are important for guiding clinical decisions. The latest European Guidelines recommendations emphasise the role of imaging modalities like CT and MRI in detecting silent emboli and guiding therapeutic interventions, including the timely consideration of surgical options to mitigate embolic risks. In this regard, embolic vascular dissemination—including asymptomatic cases detected through multimodality imaging—has been introduced as a new minor criterion for the diagnosis of IE.

Depending on the location and severity of the embolism, the embolic risk can either escalate or alternatively, complicate and delay cardiac surgery. The decision to proceed with surgery should not hinge solely on the occurrence of an embolic event, although current guidelines often emphasise this criterion. Therefore, future perspectives should focus on identifying high-risk profiles for EE and investigating whether early surgical intervention benefits these patients, even if they respond favourably to antibiotic therapy. This review explores current literature on echocardiographic and biomarker predictors of EE in IE, aiming to enhance clinical strategies for mitigating embolic complications and improving patient outcomes.
Enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients with cancer: complication rates compared—updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Ronald , Im James H B , Arends Jann , Del Fabbro Egidio , Mortensen-Truscott Lukas , Qeska Denis , Balaji Shilpa , Walsh Chris , Watson Geoffrey , Lock Michael , Prsic Elizabeth , Eng Lawson , Zimmermann Camilla , Bruera Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Background

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the complication rates of enteral nutrition (EN) (oral or tube feeding (TF)) and parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients with any cancer.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature until 2024 was conducted, including randomised controlled trials comparing EN and PN with respect to one or more of four endpoints: (1) infection, (2) nutrition support complications, (3) major complications and (4) mortality. A meta-analysis was conducted to generate summary effect estimates. Analysis was stratified by paediatric (≤21 years old) versus adults (>21 years old) patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted, based on including patients with (vs without) protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) and type of EN. Cumulative meta-analysis and leave-one-out analysis was conducted. Type I error was set at 0.05.

Results

49 studies reporting on 6361 patients were included: 41 reported on adults and 8 on children. Among adults, the infection rate was higher for PN compared with EN (risk ratio=1.07, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.14), with no differences in rates of nutrition support complications, major complications or mortality. Among children, there were no differences in all four endpoints. On cumulative meta-analysis, EN was overall marginally superior to PN for infection, although results fluctuated over time between superiority and no difference. Subgroup analysis found no differences in effects among patients with (vs without) PEM and patients provided with EN options of standard care versus TF.

Discussion

From the perspective of complications, EN and PN are equivalent, with EN demonstrating marginal superiority for infection among adults.
Selenium and vitamin E status of horses in Quebec
Authors: David-Dandurand Erika , Cinq-Mars Dany , Chorfi Younes
Published: January 2025

The objectives of this study were to measure plasma Se and vitamin E in horses across Quebec and survey their consumption. Four samplings were done on 59 horses for 1 year (n = 224). Plasma was analyzed for Se, vitamin E and GSH-Px. Hay, concentrate, and water were also analyzed for Se. Horses were classified into four groups for statistical analysis based on dietary forage to concentrate ratio: HF – high forage ; MHF- moderately high forage; MC- moderate concentrate and HC- high concentrate. Owners were asked to answer a survey at each visit. Results demonstrate that plasma Se varies with BCS (P=0.019), season (P =0.015) and feeding groups (P<0.001). Plasma vitamin E was affected by BCS (P=0.04) sex (P=0.047), exercise (P<0.001) and season (P<0.001) while GSH-Px activity was influenced by BCS (P=0.018), exercise (P<0.001) and feeding groups (P=0.002). This study confirms that plasma Se and vitamin E reflect animal supplementation. Other parameters such as BCS, sex, season, exercise, and ration are important for precise recommendations. Moreover, the survey revealed that feeding practices of horses in Quebec are inadequate to meet Se and vitamin E requirements, therefore owner’s education should be part of the nutrition plan.
Robinia pseudoacacia, a nitrogen-fixing tree, facilitates the future growth of neighboring trees in Black Rock Forest
Authors: Helms Alexa B , Huddell Alexandra M , Liao Wenying , Staccone Anika P. , Buckley Brendan M. , Schuster William , Menge Duncan N. L.
Published: January 2025

Trees that form symbioses with nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria (N-fixers) have long been thought to facilitate neighbors’ growth by providing new N, but some data do not show facilitation. Two hypotheses to explain the lack of facilitation are that (1) N-fixers may decrease the amount of N they fix over time, reducing the N supply to their neighbors and (2) the effect of facilitation might take longer than the 1-5 y interval of most studies. In this study, we tested these hypotheses with the N-fixing tree Robinia pseudoacacia L. and its non-fixing neighbors, using tree ring N isotopes to estimate past N fixation and tree ring width to estimate past size and growth. Where the isotopes allowed a constrained estimate of N fixation, we did not find support for the first hypothesis: 51% of Robinia’s N came from fixation throughout its 60-y lifespan, with little variation across age. In support of the second hypothesis, we found that Robinia enhanced growth of neighboring trees in the future (up to 14 y) more than in the present. This delayed effect matches the expected timing of facilitation by N-fixers and indicates that single-census studies might underestimate the degree to which N-fixers facilitate forest growth.
Cosmographical analysis for H(z) parametrization towards viscous f(T) gravity
Authors: Shekh S. H. , Pradhan A. , Dixit A. , Bayaskar S. N. , Darunde S. C.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate a Cartesian coordinate metric viscous fluid cosmological model with interactions, using a novel parametrization of the Hubble parameter and constraining free parameters with observational data. Our analysis reveals a comprehensive picture of the universe’s expansion dynamics, including a transition from deceleration to acceleration. The model exhibits quintessence-like behavior, approaching the [Formula: see text]CDM scenario at present, and phantom-like behavior in the distant future. Our findings align with observational evidence and theoretical expectations, reinforcing the validity of our model. We also analyze the energy density, isotropic pressure and equation of state parameter, providing insights into the dynamic nature of dark energy. Our model satisfies the WEC, NEC and DEC but violates the SEC, indicating unconventional behavior consistent with observations of the universe’s accelerating expansion.
Nonlinear stability in a new kind of Robe’s problem
Authors: Singh Bhawna , Nand Prasad Sada , Abdullah
Published: January 2025

In the Robe’s restricted three-body problem, we have considered the motion of the test particle which is moving inside the outermost layer of the heterogeneous body. This heterogeneous body has N layers with different densities and is filled with viscous fluid. The test particle which is taken as the third (or infinitesimal) body is moving under the influence of the heterogeneous body (primary) and point mass (secondary). We are motivated from Ansari, 1 where the linear stability and other important properties of this specific model have been discussed. In this paper, we have extended their work and discussed here the nonlinear stability of the non-collinear stationary points [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Therefore, using the Arnold–Moser theorem (Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory), we have done our analysis on the nonlinear stability and obtained significant results.
Charged anisotropic white dwarfs in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Feng Zhe
Published: January 2025

In the framework of [Formula: see text] gravity, wherein R denotes the Ricci scalar and T represents the trace of the energy–momentum tensor, the equilibrium structure of charged anisotropic white dwarfs is investigated. The stellar equations for the general scenario are derived, and numerical solutions are obtained for the Chandrasekhar equation of state alongside the charge density distribution proportional to the energy density, [Formula: see text]. By scrutinizing the properties of the solutions under various parameter combinations, we conducted an exhaustive analysis of the influences of electric charge, modified gravity, and anisotropy on the structural characteristics of white dwarfs. Crucially, white dwarfs can transcend the trivial instances of General Relativity in various ways, thereby demonstrating super-Chandrasekhar phenomena. As an inquiry into the structure of white dwarfs, the findings of this research may contribute to elucidating astronomical observations such as superluminous type Ia supernovae.
Student Performance Prediction with Decision Tree Ensembles and Feature Selection Techniques
Authors: Ahmad Amir , Ray Santosh , Khan Md. Tabrej , Nawaz Ali
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of student dropout in academic settings is a serious issue that affects individuals and society as a whole. Timely intervention and support can be provided to such students if we get an accurate prediction of student performance. However, class imbalance and data complexity in education data are major challenges for traditional predictive analytics. Our research focusses on utilising machine learning techniques to predict student performance while handling imbalanced datasets. To address the imbalanced class problem, we employed both oversampling and undersampling techniques in our decision tree ensemble methods for the risk classification of prospective students. The effectiveness of classifiers was evaluated by varying the sizes of the ensembles and the oversampling and undersampling ratios. Additionally, we conducted experiments to integrate the feature selection processes with the best ensemble classifiers to further enhance the prediction. Based on the extensive experimentation, we concluded that ensemble methods such as Random Forest, Bagging, and Random Undersampling Boosting perform well in terms of performance measures such as Recall, Precision, [Formula: see text]1-score, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve, and Geometric Mean. The [Formula: see text]1-score of 0.849 produced by the Random Undersampling Boost classifier in conjunction with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator feature selection method indicates that this ensemble produces the best results.
Shocks to CEO Political Alignment and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from the 2008 and 2016 Presidential Elections
Authors: Gong Yi , Wilson Mark , Zhang Lijuan
Published: January 2025

Synopsis

The research problem

We examined the influence of changes in CEOs’ political alignment with the White House on firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, and the underlying reasons for this relationship.

Theoretical reasoning

Presidential elections that shift control of the White House often alter CEOs’ alignment with the presidency, influencing their motivations to invest in CSR. Firms with CEOs aligned with the newly elected president (newly aligned firms) may anticipate economic benefits, such as favorable regulation, but also face increased public scrutiny. The enhanced operating environment may reduce their incentives to use CSR to mitigate product market, litigation, and capital market pressures. Conversely, heightened scrutiny may prompt their greater CSR investment. Firms with CEOs aligned with the outgoing president (newly unaligned firms) encounter directionally opposite incentives, for example, reduced economic benefits from connection with power and lower scrutiny. Both groups of politically active firms may benefit from superior access to legislative information following the transition of power.

The test hypotheses

We state our hypotheses in the null form, predicting that there is no difference in the postelection change of CSR performance between newly aligned (newly unaligned) firms and nonpartisan firms whose CEO political alignment with the White House did not change as a result of the 2008 or 2016 elections.

Target population

Our sample consists of 12,234 firm-year observations drawn from the three-year periods immediately surrounding the 2008 and 2016 elections and includes 2086 (1935) firm-year observations with newly aligned (newly unaligned) CEOs and 8213 cases with nonpartisan CEOs.

Adopted methodology

We employed a difference-in-differences research design to examine the difference in CSR performance between the pre-election period (the election year −3 to −1) and the postelection period (the election year +1 to +3) in newly aligned (newly unaligned) firms relative to firms with nonpartisan CEOs.

Analyses and findings

We found that both newly aligned and newly unaligned firms significantly improved their CSR performance following elections where control of the White House changes, relative to nonpartisan firms. This association is more pronounced for less financially constrained firms and those in politically sensitive industries. Further analysis shows that newly aligned firms enhance CSR to mitigate public scrutiny and leverage superior legislative information, while newly unaligned firms invest in CSR to reduce their cost of capital and litigation risk.
Automating Research Synthesis with Domain-Specific Large Language Model Fine-Tuning
Authors: Susnjak Teo , Hwang Peter , Reyes Napoleon H. , Barczak Andre L. C. , McIntosh Timothy R. , Ranathunga Surangika
Published: January 2025

This research pioneers the use of fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs), presenting a significant and novel contribution in integrating AI to enhance academic research methodologies. Our study employed advanced fine-tuning methodologies on open-sourced LLMs, applying textual data mining techniques to automate the knowledge discovery and synthesis phases of an SLR process, thus demonstrating a practical and efficient approach for extracting and analyzing high-quality information from large academic datasets. The results maintained high fidelity in factual accuracy in LLM responses, and were validated through the replication of an existing PRISMA-conforming SLR. Our research proposed solutions for mitigating LLM hallucination and proposed mechanisms for tracking LLM responses to their sources of information, thus demonstrating how this approach can meet the rigorous demands of scholarly research. The findings ultimately confirmed the potential of fine-tuned LLMs in streamlining various labour-intensive processes of conducting literature reviews. As a scalable proof-of-concept, this study highlights the broad applicability of our approach across multiple research domains. The potential demonstrated here advocates for updates to PRISMA reporting guidelines, incorporating AI-driven processes to ensure methodological transparency and reliability in future SLRs. This study broadens the appeal of AI-enhanced tools across various academic and research fields, demonstrating how to conduct comprehensive and accurate literature reviews with more efficiency in the face of ever-increasing volumes of academic studies while maintaining high standards.
The Integrative Physiology of Hormone Signaling: Insights from Insect models
Authors: Koyama Takashi , Saeed Usama , Rewitz Kim , Halberg Kenneth V.
Published: January 2025

Hormones orchestrate virtually all physiological processes in animals, and enable them to adjust internal responses to meet diverse physiological demands. Studies in both vertebrates and insects have uncovered many novel hormones and dissected the physiological mechanisms they regulate, demonstrating a remarkable conservation in endocrine signaling across the tree of life. In this review, we focus on recent advances in insect research, which have provided a more integrative view of the conserved interorgan communication networks that control physiology These new insights have been driven by experimental advantages inherent to insects, which over the past decades have aligned with new technologies and sophisticated genetic tools, to transform insect genetic models into a powerful testbed for posing new questions and exploring longstanding issues in endocrine research. Here, we illustrate how insect studies have addressed classic questions in three main areas-hormonal control of growth and development, neuroendocrine regulation of ion and water balance, and hormonal regulation of behavior and metabolism— and how these discoveries have illuminated our fundamental understanding of endocrine signaling in animals. The application of integrative physiology in insect systems to questions in endocrinology and physiology is expanding, and is poised to be a crucible of discovery, revealing fundamental mechanisms of hormonal regulation that underlie animal adaptations to their environments.