bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inovações em arquitetura de jardins zoológicos: uma análise do zoológico de Brasília
Authors: Santos Neto Miguel Amaro , Pantoja Mafalda Fabiene Ferreira , Teixeira Éderson Oliveira , Pazos Valmor Cerqueira , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: August 2024

A relação histórica entre o meio urbano e natural tem sido conflituosa devido aos impactos das grandes cidades na fauna e flora locais. O zoológico, após um processo de ressignificação, integra-se à paisagem urbana para preservar espécies ameaçadas e educar sobre questões ambientais regionais e globais. Para cumprir essas funções com êxito, suas estruturas paisagísticas e arquitetônicas devem garantir o bem-estar tanto dos animais quanto dos visitantes. Este estudo apresentou os conceitos contemporâneos que orientam a manutenção da tipologia zoológica, incluindo os estudos bioclimáticos de Romero (2013) e a teoria dimensional de Kohlsdorf e Kohlsdorf (2017). Essas bases foram utilizadas na análise do zoológico de Brasília como estudo de caso. Concluiu-se que suas estruturas atuais são pouco eficientes para as funções esperadas, levando ao desenvolvimento de diretrizes para melhorar seu desempenho.
Carotenoid content in Ulva lactuca cultivated under aquaculture conditions and collected from intertidal beds in southeastern Brazil: biotechnological implications for biomass use and storage
Authors: Eismann Alejandra Irina , Perpetuo Reis Renata , Concha Obando Johana Marcela , Cunha dos Santos Thalisia , Negrão Cavalcanti Diana
Published: August 2024

Ulva lactuca is an edible green macroalga (Chlorophyta) that can be produced in cultivation systems; it is a natural source of high-value molecules. Ulva lactuca produces metabolites including carotenoids, which are pigments with antioxidant properties that are in high demand in the health and nutraceutical industries and improve the nutritional quality of U. lactuca biomass. We studied the carotenoid and chlorophyll content in U. lactuca thalli collected in 3 different environments in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the intertidal beds of the urban beaches of Arpoador and Boa Viagem and a continental integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) facility. Carotenoid conservation was evaluated during 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of storage. We compared the molecules in fresh U. lactuca collected during the dry season (July 2018) and rainy season (February 2019). The content of carotenoids, such as β-carotene + zeaxanthin, lutein + antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, and their derivatives (aurochrome and auroxanthin), were analyzed in 100% acetone extracts by ultraviolet visible (UV/vis) spectrophotometry and monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The extracts of dried U. lactuca produced in the IMTA facility presented higher pigment yields than the dried biomass collected from intertidal beds. Over 4 weeks of storage, carotenoids were well conserved in U. lactuca produced in the IMTA facility, in contrast to what was observed in U. lactuca collected from the intertidal beds, which showed carotenoid losses. In addition, we observed differences in carotenoid content between the dry and rainy seasons in U. lactuca collected from Boa Viagem Beach. However, the U. lactuca collected from Arpoador Beach or produced by the IMTA facility only exhibited significant differences in chlorophyll content. We conclude that U. lactuca produced by the IMTA facility constitutes a potential source of pigments such as β-carotene, lutein, and violaxanthin.
Postoperative Rare Presentation of Ventral Cervical Cord Herniation: A Case Report
Authors: Taya Silky , Chaudhary Vinod , Acharya Ullas V
Published: August 2024

Cervical spinal cord herniation is a rare occurrence and is usually seen after C3-C5 fusion with C4 corpectomy using a posterior approach. Herniation in the cervical spine with an anterior approach is unusual and has only been reported in a few cases. Hereby, a case of a 53-year-old male who underwent C3-C5 fusion with C4 corpectomy for Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine is reported. Following surgery, the patient deteriorated, leading to re-exploration. Delayed postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shows ventral cord herniation with an anterior pseudo meningocele. Spinal cord herniation should be considered if neurological deficits occur after C3-C5 fusion with C4 corpectomy
First Principles Study of Structural, Electronic, Mechanical and Density of State Properties of the Half - heusler Alloy NaCrGe
Authors: Ettah Emmanuel Benjamin
Published: August 2024

In this study, the investigated structural parameters revealed that NaCrGe is stable at beta phase. We obtained that the material is a narrow bandgap semiconductor half-Heusler alloys with measured gap of 1.050 eV. The structure NaCrGe conduction band minimum (CBM) position at gamma(Γ) and the valence band maximum (VBM) located at X-point of the Brillouin zone. This indicates that the alloy NaCrGe has indirect bandgap semiconductors. The material NaCrGe is considered hybrids between metals and semiconductors. Hence, NaCrGe is Half-metallic heusler alloy. The calculated mechanical properties indicate that NaCrGe possesses good mechanical stability, making it suitable for structural applications. B/G ratio for NaCrGe is 2.40. This implies that NaCrGe is “ductile” in nature at ambient condition. Also NaCrGe is confirmed “ductile” in nature at positive value of C11 – C44 (+48.07). PDOS shows that Na-4p, Cr-4p and Ge- 2p has the highest orbital contribution for Na, Cr and Ge atoms respectively. At fermi energy both spin up and spin down is at zero point in the plot of projected density of state (PDOS) against energy. This revealed that NaCrGe is a half metallic heusler alloy.
Impact of Crop Establishment and Nutrient Management on Wheat Growth under Rice-Wheat System
Authors: Upadhyay Anurag , Singh U. P. , Singh Nikhil Kumar , Mahajan Nihal Chandra , Verma Kajal , Jha Sitesh
Published: August 2024

The rice-wheat system contributes significantly to India's food security. The system's significance is properly handled from time to time, but excessive resource consumption, yield stagnation, environmental deterioration including erosion, and nutrient mining pose the greatest challenges. To address the issue, a research was conducted with objective to see the impact of crop establishment and nutrient management on growth parameters of wheat at Banaras Hindu University's Agricultural Research Farm in Varanasi during the 2019-20 Kharif and 2020-21 Rabi seasons, respectively. The experiment plotted in a split plot statistical design with three replications and four crop establishment methods: CE1: CTPTR-CTW, CE2: CTDSR)-CT wheat, CE3: CTDSR-ZTwheat (rice residue retained), and CE4: ZTDSR-ZT wheat (residue retention in rice and wheat) crop establishment method among the main plot treatments and nutrient management i.e. FP (N1), RFD (N2) and RWCM (N3) based nutrient recommendation among the sub plot treatments. Data recorded on growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of tillers and SPAD value at different stages are presented in this paper. CE4 treatment among main plot and N3 among nutrient management practices produced higher values of plant height, number of tillers at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing and at harvest as well as higher SPAD value at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing than the other treatments. These results might be due to better nutrient availability, better organic carbon, which leads to improved microbial activity, and better moisture availability under these treatments. It may be concluded that conservation agriculture-based crop establishment i.e. CE4: Zero-till DSR-Zero-till wheat (residue retention in rice and wheat) and RWCM-based nutrient application, may be favourable for improved growth of the wheat crop under the region of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Studies on Self-incompatibility in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Germplasm
Authors: Sandhyarani M. , Lakshmi R. Rajya , Madhavi M. , Mahalakshmi B. Kanaka , Rao M. Paratpara , Sekhar V.
Published: August 2024

The investigation was carried out during the period 2022-2023 at Mango Research Station, Nuzvid, Eluru District, Andhra Pradesh. In the present study among the genotypes evaluated, six genotypes viz., F-4 (47.22%), G-19 (39.38%), D-13 (30.98%), C-24 (25.35%), E-2 (25.13%) and H-16 (22.43%) recorded higher fruit set percentage than best check Chinnarasam (16.56%). Whereas the lower fruit set percentage was recorded in H-32 (2.23%).
Awareness Level of Geographical Indication on Kanyakumari Matti Banana
Authors: V S Ashik Rogan , Dhamodaran T. , Selvarani G. , Senthilnathan S. , Prabakaran K.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the Awareness level of Geographical indication (GI) got by Matti Banana in the district of Kanyakumari. It was discovered that the majority of respondents have less knowledge about the benefits of Geographical Indications. Farmers in the research region were said to be unaware of the true advantages of GI and its significance for the socioeconomic advancement of the local community. Respondents have medium awareness due to change in market price of GI Tagged Banana which would have caused not understanding the  benefits and significance of Geographical indication.
Economic Analysis of Major Crops in Jammu Division of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sharma Shaurya , Singh S. P. , Dwivedi Sudhakar , Kachroo Jyoti , Rizvi S. E. H. , Manhas J. S. , Sharma Rakesh
Published: August 2024

This micro-economic study focuses on the cost and returns analysis for major crops (wheat, paddy, and maize) in the districts of Jammu, Kathua, and Samba in the Jammu division. Conducted at SKUAST, Jammu during 2023, the study utilized a multistage random sampling method to achieve its objectives. Data was collected from 360 sample farmers, covering aspects such as land-holding size, costs, and return structures. The costs associated with crop cultivation varied pointedly across the districts, with Samba incurring ₹14272.57 for Cost A2 and ₹33023.58 for Cost C3 which was the highest of overall costs. Jammu had the highest main-product yield of 25.22 quintals and by-product yield of 32.70 quintals. Jammu also recorded the highest fixed costs (₹13488.30) whereas the highest total cost was in Samba with ₹30021.43. Gross returns were highest in Jammu with ₹68303.22, resulting in net returns of ₹38740.29. Jammu also had the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1:2.30, as well as the highest family labor income and farm business income (₹41755.29 and ₹43060.92, respectively). The rental value of owned land (Cost B2) suggestively impacted final costs, and Jammu district emerged as the most economically favorable for major crop cultivation. Overall, it depicted the possible profitability from cultivation of major crops like wheat, paddy and maize, that may encourage the farming community specially the youngsters to choose agriculture over private sectors, which would ultimately contribute to meet the state demand as well as contribution to SGDP.
Evaluating the Value of a Geology Degree: An Economic and Societal Analysis
Authors: B.I. Odoh, , C.V. Ahaneku, , F.M. Madu, , C. V Gbulie. , D Muogbo,
Published: August 2024

In an era where the economic returns on investment in higher education are increasingly scrutinized, the question arises: Is a geology degree worth it? This paper tends to provide answers to this inquiry through comprehensive economic analysis to evaluate the financial viability and broader benefits of obtaining a geology degree. The analysis begins by examining the economic landscape for geologists, including their earning potential, employment opportunities, and career advancement trajectories. Data from national labor statistics, industry reports, and academic studies are synthesized to provide a nuanced understanding of the financial outcomes associated with a geology degree. Factors such as geographic location, industry specialization, and level of education are considered to capture the variability in economic outcomes among geology graduates. This paper also explores the non-monetary benefits of a geology degree, such as job satisfaction, intellectual fulfilment, and contributions to societal challenges like natural resource management, environmental conservation, and hazard mitigation. These aspects contribute to a holistic evaluation of the degree's value proposition, balancing economic returns with intrinsic rewards. Furthermore, the analysis addresses trends in the geology job market, including the impacts of technological advancements, environmental regulations, and global economic shifts on career opportunities for geologists. Insights into emerging fields within geology, such as geotechnical engineering, hydrogeology, and environmental consulting, are also discussed to illuminate evolving career pathways and specialization opportunities. Through this multidimensional examination, the paper aims to provide valuable insights to prospective students contemplating a geology degree, educators shaping curricula, and policymakers concerned with higher education and workforce development. By integrating economic principles with empirical data and qualitative perspectives, this study offers a robust framework for understanding a geology degree's economic implications and broader societal contributions in contemporary contexts.
Modulatory Effects of Morphine and Xylopia aethioica Extract on Kappa Opiod Receptors (KOR), Delta Opioid Receptor (DOR), Pain Hypersensitivity and Motor Functions in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ukoro B. , Ojeka S.O , Adienbo O.M , Chuemere A.N
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the modulatory effects of morphine and Xylopia aethiopica extract on kappa opioid receptors (KOR), delta opioid receptors (DOR), pain hypersensitivity, and motor functions in Wistar rats. We utilized three experimental groups: a control group receiving distilled water, a morphine group receiving either low (5 mg/kg) or high (10 mg/kg) doses after inducing pain, Xylopia aethiopica group received either 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg of hydromethanolic extract following similar pain induction. Pain perception was quantified using the tail flick test and Analgesy-Meter while motor functions were assessed through the Rotarod and Climbing/Beam Walk tests. Additionally, molecular docking studies were performed on selected compounds from Xylopia aethiopica to determine their binding affinities to opioid receptors using Vina. Results demonstrated that morphine and Xylopia aethiopica significantly increased tail flick response times, indicating notable analgesic effects, while improving motor functions particularly in animals treated with higher doses of Xylopia aethiopica. Molecular analysis revealed potential interactions between bioactive compounds and opioid receptors, suggesting further therapeutic applications. These findings highlight the potential of Xylopia aethiopica as a natural analgesic and its implications in managing pain and associated motor deficits, the findings further revealed that Morphine and not Xylopia aethiopica is implicated in pain hypersensitivity after long term exposure. Further research should pay attention on improving the pharmacological profiles of  the identified compounds for clinical use.
Roadside Testing: Kits for Drugs
Authors: Verstraete Alain G.
Published: December 2014

Most onsite oral fluid (OF) drug tests are based on lateral flow immunoassays; with a few tests, the presence of a line means the presence of the drug; however with many, the presence of a line means that the drug is not present. In the past 15 years, there has been slow but steady improvement. The first tests were derived from urine drug tests and had many failures (due to the viscosity of OF) and lacked reliability, particularly for cannabis. Nowadays, the reliability has improved much and one of the tests can detect the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in OF for up to 22 h after last use at a cutoff of 5 µg l
−1
. Onsite OF drug tests are now part of the legal procedure for detecting drugged drivers in several countries in Europe and in five Australian states. There are still a few issues that need to be studied further and resolved before onsite OF drug tests become as convenient as breathalyzers: a shorter and less complex test sequence and the need for a very small sample in order to perform the test in people with dry mouth.
Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Enable Chemoselective Deboronative/Decarboxylative Alkenylation by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Huang Hanchu , Jia Kunfang , Chen Yiyun
Published: December 2014

Chemoselective C(sp3)C(sp2) coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions are useful for synthesizing alkyl‐substituted alkenes having sensitive functional groups. Reported here is a visible‐light‐induced chemoselective alkenylation through a deboronation/decarboxylation sequence under neutral aqueous reaction conditions at room temperature. This reaction represents the first hypervalent‐iodine‐enabled radical decarboxylative alkenylation reaction, and a novel benziodoxole‐vinyl carboxylic acid reaction intermediate was isolated. This C(sp3)C(sp2) coupling reaction leads to aryl‐and acyl‐substituted alkenes containing various sensitive functional groups. The excellent chemoselectivity, stable reactants, and neutral aqueous reaction conditions of the reaction suggest future biomolecule applications.
Time‐dependent exhaust steam temperature profile to mitigate fouling
Authors: Srivastava Divya
Published: December 2014

In sugar industries, a decrease in the exit liquor concentration is observed because of fouling in multiple‐effect evaporator (MEE) systems, which finally decreases the yield of the MEE system. In the present work, a time‐dependent exhaust steam temperature profile has been developed to compensate the ill effect of fouling. In the suggested temperature profile, the temperature of exhaust steam has been raised daily throughout the cycle of operation to achieve a constant exit liquor concentration. Further, the main drawback with this strategy is the increase in fouling resistance. For this purpose, an increase in foulant thickness has been determined, and it is found that only 0.4‐mm foulant thickness has been increased with the suggested strategy, and it will not cost any extra effort in cleaning, and with this strategy, constant exit liquor concentration can be achieved. Copyright © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Financial Landscape for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Economic Community, 2015
Authors: Lee Choong Lyol , Takagi Shinji
Published: December 2014

The article assesses Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s financial landscape and considers issues related to regional financial cooperation. Although the ASEAN Economic Community is expected to come into force by the end of 2015, given the large disparity between the more and the less advanced member countries, regional financial integration in ASEAN can only be an evolutionary process. Regional cooperation is needed not only to help integrate the region financially but also to manage the attendant risks. Areas of cooperation must include, among others, establishing common licensing standards for financial institutions and creating region‐wide systems for deposit insurance, credit rating, financial market supervision, payment and settlement, and consumer protection.
Minimierung von Hitzestress und Heizenergiebedarf in mechanisch belüfteten Mastgeflügelställen
Authors: Struck Christian , Külpmann Rüdiger , Sax Markus , Hartmann Anne
Published: December 2014

Das Stallklima hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit der eingestallten Nutztiere. Neben der erforderlichen Stalllüftung zur Gewährleistung von genügend Frischluft ist speziell in den Aufzucht‐ oder Mastbeginnphasen eine ausreichend hohe Stalltemperatur erforderlich. Für den wirtschaftlichen Betrieb von beheizten Nutztierställen stellt sich deshalb, wie bei jeder Gebäudekonzeption, die Frage nach der optimalen Gestaltung und Abstimmung von Lüftungssystem und Wärmedämmung der Gebäudehülle. Während sich die Anwendung von Standardprogrammen zur dynamisch‐thermischen Simulation von Wohn‐ und Verwaltungsbauten stetig durchsetzt, werden sie bei der Planung von Stallbauten bisher nur vereinzelt eingesetzt. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird am Beispiel eines Mastgeflügelstalls der Einsatz von dynamisch‐thermischen Simulationen dokumentiert. Dazu wird für ein Stall‐Modell der Betrieb über ein Kalenderjahr simuliert und bewertet. Betrachtet werden drei Aspekte: (1) die Herausforderungen bei der Simulation von Ställen im Vergleich zur Simulation von Wohn‐ und Verwaltungsbauten; (2) die Qualität der Simulationsresultate im Vergleich zu gemessenen Betriebswerten und (3) die Bewertung der Einflüsse von Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten von Dach und Außenwänden sowie der Rückwärmezahl einer Wärmerückgewinnungsanlage in der Abluft in Bezug auf den Jahresheizenergiebedarf.

Minimizing heat stress and energy demand for heating in mechanically ventilated poultry animal houses. The indoor environmental conditions in mechanically ventilated animal houses have a fundamental impact on health and well‐being of the kept animals. Apart from the need to sufficiently ventilate the animal house it is important to maintain an indoor air temperature which corresponds to animal growth, particularly at the beginning of the fattening period. Thus, in order to provide an appropriate climate within the animal house building insulation, ventilation system and heating system operation need to be integrated and optimized. Whilst dynamic‐thermal simulation programs are increasingly used for the design of residential and office buildings, they are rarely used for the design of animal houses. This article illustrates the benefit using the dynamic‐thermal simulation on the example of a mechanically ventilated poultry house. Three aspects are being discussed: (1) the challenges in modelling poultry houses opposed to modelling residential and office buildings; (2) the quality of simulated performance data compared to measured data and (3) the impact of the heat recovery system COP as well as heat transfer coefficients of roof and walls on energy demand for heating and overheating risk. The results show the dominating impact of the ventilation system operation on energy demand for heating and the benefit of a high thermal storage capacity of the walls to eliminate life‐threatening heat stress for the poultry.
Essential‐Oil Composition of the Fruits of Six Heracleum L. Species from Iran: Chemotaxonomic Significance
Authors: Radjabian Tayebeh , Salimi Azam , Rahmani Nosrat
Published: December 2014

The fruit essential oils of Heracleum persicum, H. rechingeri, H. gorganicum, H. rawianum, H. pastinacifolium, and H. anisactis from Iran were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The oils of the six species were compared to determine the similarities and differences among their compositions. Overall, 36 compounds were identified in the fruit oils, accounting for 92.40–96.74% of the total oil compositions. Aliphatic esters constituted the main fraction of the oils (86.61–94.31%), with octyl acetate and hexyl butyrate as the major components. The oil compositions of species belonging to section Pubescentia (H. persicum, H. gorganicum, and H. rechingeri) were discriminated by equally high contents of both octyl acetate (13.84–20.48%) and hexyl butyrate (17.73–38.36%). On the other hand, the oils of H. rawianum, H. pastinacifolium and H. anisactis, belonging to section Wendia, showed lower hexyl butyrate contents (3.62–6.6%) and higher octyl acetate contents (48.71–75.36%) than the former. Moreover, isoelemicin was identified at low amounts (0.10–2.51%) only in the oils of the latter species. The differences in the oil composition among the six species were investigated by hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses, which indicated that the oil composition confirmed well the taxonomical classification based on the morphological and botanical data, and, thus, may provide a reliable marker to discriminate Heracleum species at the intersectional level.
Entropic Separations of Mixtures of Aromatics by Selective Face‐to‐Face Molecular Stacking in One‐Dimensional Channels of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Zeolites
Authors: Torres‐Knoop Ariana , Balestra Salvador R. G. , Krishna Rajamani , Calero Sofía , Dubbeldam David
Published: December 2014

Separation of challenging mixtures using metal–organic frameworks can be achieved by an entropy‐driven mechanism, where one of the components can arrange into a “face‐to‐face” stacking, thus reducing its “footprint” and reaching a higher saturation loading.
Evaluating the spectrum of periodic pulling in subharmonic resonant LC circuits
Authors: Buonomo Antonio , Lo Schiavo Alessandro
Published: December 2014

We analyze the features of the oscillations arising in forced inductor–capacitor (LC) oscillators when they operate in the periodic pulling mode, under the action of a weak injection signal. In radio frequency integrated circuits, both voltage‐controlled oscillators subject to undesired couplings and injection‐locked frequency dividers behave like forced LC oscillators. These are modeled as second‐order driven oscillators working in the subharmonic (secondary) resonance regime. The analysis is based on the generalized Adler's equation, which we introduce to describe the phase dynamics of dividers of any division ratio and to derive closed‐form expressions for the spectrum components of the system's oscillatory response. We show that the spectrum is double‐sided and asymmetric, unlike the single‐sided spectrum of systems with primary resonance. Numerical and experimental results are given to validate the presented results, which significantly generalize those available in the literature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Diversity in Sterically Demanding Diiminophosphinato Alkali Metal Complexes
Authors: Hawley Andrew L. , Stasch Andreas
Published: December 2014

We have prepared the new aminophosphine Ph2PNHMes 2 [Mes = mesityl (2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)], and the aminoiminophosphorane Ph2P(=NMes)NHMes 4 (MesLH), and obtained the new alkali metal complexes [(DipLLi)2] 5 [DipL = Ph2P(NDip)2, Dip = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3], [(MesLLi)2] 6, [(DipL)(DipN2L)Li2] 7 [DipN2L = Ph2P(NDip)(N3Dip)], [(DipN2L)2Li2] 8, [DipLLi(THF)] 9, [DipLLi(THF)2] 10, [(DipLNa)2] 11, [(MesLNa)n] 12, [DipLNa(THF)2] 13, [{MesLNa(THF)}2] 14 and [MesLK] 16 by deprotonation of their respective ligand precursors with standard strong alkali metal bases in various solvents. The crystal structures of 2, 4–6, 7·8, 9–14, and 16 are reported. The different coordination modes in their solid‐state structures are discussed and generally compared to the solution behavior of those species.
Pentafluorosulfanyltrimethylsilane: A Nonexistent Molecule?
Authors: Ghosh Abhik , Conradie Jeanet
Published: December 2014

From a medicinal chemistry standpoint, the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group is justifiably viewed as a “super‐trifluoromethyl” group. Unfortunately, synthetic routes to this remarkable, strongly electron‐withdrawing, highly lipophilic substituent are limited. In this study, DFT calculations with large basis sets indicate that reagents of the form MSF5, where M = Me3Si, Li, Cu, MeZn, MeCd, and MeHg, are both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable. Attempts to synthesize reagents such as pentafluorosulfanyltrimethylsilane (TMSSF5) and pentafluorosulfanylcopper (CuSF5) are therefore likely to fail.
Determination of Arsenic(III) at a Nanogold Modified Solid Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Sakira Abdoul Karim , Somé Issa Touridomon , Ziemons Eric , Dejaegher Bieke , Mertens Dominique , Hubert Philippe , Kauffmann Jean‐Michel
Published: December 2014

A selective and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for arsenic determination based on a nanogold (AuNP) modified solid carbon paste working electrode (SCPE) modified in two steps (i) physisorption and (ii) additional electrodeposition of nanogold particles in the presence of iodide. Copper(II) interference was solved by covering the gold layer by a self assembled mono layer (SAM) of glutathione. Using DPASV a linear response of the signal was obtained as a function of As(III) in the concentration range 0.05–20 µM (4–1498 ppb) with a limit of detection of 0.01 µM (0.9 ppb). Sample stirring and degassing were not needed. Application to the determination of arsenic(III) and (V) in underground water samples from Burkina Faso was successfully achieved.
Wireless Information Transmission System Powered by an Abiotic Biofuel Cell Implanted in an Orange
Authors: Holade Yaovi , MacVittie Kevin , Conlon Tyler , Guz Nataliia , Servat Karine , Napporn Teko W. , Kokoh K. Boniface , Katz Evgeny
Published: December 2014

An “abiotic” biofuel cell composed of catalytic electrodes modified with inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on carbon black (CB) was used to activate a wireless information transmission system. The cathode and anode were made of carbon paper modified with Pt‐NPs/CB and buckypaper modified with Au80Pt20‐NPs/CB, respectively. The cathode/anode pair was implanted in orange pulp extracting power from its content (glucose and fructose in the juice). The open circuit voltage, Voc, short circuit current density, jsc, and maximum power produced by the biofuel cell, Pmax, were found as 0.36 V, 1.3 mA cm−2 and 182 µW, respectively. The voltage produced by the biofuel cell was amplified with an energy harvesting circuit and applied to a wireless transmitter. The present study continues the research line where different implantable biofuel cells are used for activation of electronic devices.
Catalytic reforming of acetic acid as a model compound of bio‐oil for hydrogen production over Ni‐CeO2‐MgO/olivine catalysts
Authors: Xu Xingmin , Zhang Changsen , Liu Yonggang , Zhai Yunpu , Zhang Ruiqin , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: December 2014

Olivine was used as a support with CeO2/MgO as promoters to synthesize a series of Ni‐based catalysts by wet impregnation for reforming acetic acid as a model compound of bio‐oil for H2 production. These catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Catalytic steam reforming of the acetic acid was performed in a bench scale fixed bed reactor at temperature 750°C, using a molar ratio of steam/carbon (S/C) of 5, and gaseous hourly space velocity at 2987 h−1. The effect of catalyst type on carbon conversion and hydrogen yield was determined. The activity and stability of catalyst Ni/olivine were significantly improved by CeO2 and MgO addition. The 6%Ni‐3%Ce‐1%Mg/olivine catalyst exhibited the best performance with carbon conversion of almost 100% and hydrogen yield up to 75%. The catalyst can be sustained for 70 h without deactivation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2014 34: 915–922, 2015
Determination of volatile ‘restricted substances’ in flavourings and their volatile raw materials by GC‐MS
Authors: Cachet T. , Brevard H. , Cantergiani E. , Chaintreau A. , Demyttenaere J. , French L. , Gassenmeier K. , Joulain D. , Koenig T. , Leijs H. , Liddle P. , Loesing G. , Marchant M. , Saito K. , Scanlan F. , Schippa C. , Scotti A. , Sekiya F. , Sherlock A. , Smith T.
Published: December 2014

Many flavour regulations around the world contain a list of so‐called ‘restricted substances’ (RS), i.e. substances that occur naturally in source materials for flavourings and food ingredients with flavouring properties, but whose presence in certain foods is restricted and/or for which maximum levels are set, for example, the European regulation 1334/2008. Only a few publications refer to the determination of RS in compound flavourings or their raw materials, and the latter only concern the analysis of one or two individual RS in single essential oils. The Working Group on Methods of Analysis of the International Organization of the Flavor Industry (IOFI) has developed a method for the rapid routine determination of β‐asarone, coumarin, menthofuran, methylchavicol, methyleugenol, pulegone, safrole and α‐ and β‐thujones in flavourings and their raw materials by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), using selected‐ion monitoring and internal standards. The method has been evaluated by nine flavour‐industry laboratories using a complex surrogate flavouring containing all of the above analytes, at concentrations that would be likely to produce levels in finished foods of around typical maximum limits for these RS. Results were obtained from a total of 15 columns and sets of analytical conditions, using 11 GC/MS instruments, with in each case a determination of the analyte in two versions of the flavouring. With reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) of less than about 20%, and recoveries of 80–120%, the method performance can be considered as satisfactory for rapid routine checks on the levels of restricted substances in compound flavourings. The method is intended for flavour‐industry laboratories in order for them to fulfil their obligation to inform food‐industry clients of the amounts of these substances in commercial flavourings, but is not intended for their analysis in finished foods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and odour evaluation of tricyclic ether derivatives containing a cis‐1,2‐dimethyl norbornane moiety
Authors: Clinet Adrien , Chaignaud Mathilde , Clinet Jean‐Claude , Dunach Elisabet
Published: December 2014

Series of differently substituted tricyclic ethers have been synthesized on a multi‐gramme scale from a common cis‐1,2‐dimethyl norborane structure. Olfactory evaluation of these compounds is presented and reveals mainly woody aspects as the predominant notes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion tensor imaging and T2 mapping in early denervated skeletal muscle in rats
Authors: Ha Dong‐Ho , Choi Sunseob , Kang Eun‐Ju , Park Hwan Tae
Published: December 2014

Background

To evaluate the temporal changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices, T2 values, and visual signal intensity on various fat suppression techniques in the early state of denervated skeletal muscle in a rat model.

Methods

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval was obtained. Sciatic nerves of eight rats were transected for irreversible neurotmesis model. We examined normal lower leg and denervated muscles at 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks on a 3 Tesla MR. fractional anisotropy (FA), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (mADC), and T2 values were measured by using DTI and T2 mapping scan. We subjectively classified the signal intensity change on various fat suppression images into the following three grades: negative, suspicious, and definite change. Wilcoxon‐sign rank test and Kruskal‐Wallis test were used for the comparison of FA, mADC, T2 values. McNemar's test was used for comparing signal intensity change among fat suppression techniques.

Results

FA values of denervated muscles at 3 days (0.35 ± 0.06), 1 week (0.29 ± 0.04), and 2 weeks (0.34 ± 0.05) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the control group (0.54 ± 0.17). mADC of denervated muscles decreased without statistically significant (P > 0.05) change. T2 values were significantly increased at 1 week (38.11 ± 6.42 ms, P = 0.017) and markedly increased at 2 weeks (46.53 ± 5.17 ms, P = 0.012). The grade of visual signal intensity change on chemical shift selective fat saturation, STIR and IDEAL images were identical in all cases (P = 1.000).

Conclusion

FA and T2 values can demonstrate the early temporal changes in denervated rat skeletal muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:617–623.
Random sets of finite perimeter
Authors: Rataj Jan
Published: December 2014

An approach to modelling random sets with locally finite perimeter as random elements in the corresponding subspace ofL1functions is suggested. A Crofton formula for flat sections of the perimeter is shown. Finally, random processes of particles with finite perimeter are introduced and it is shown that their union sets are random sets with locally finite perimeter.
Absolutely continuous spectrum of fourth order difference equations
Authors: Nyamwala Fredrick Oluoch
Published: December 2014

We have studied the absolutely continuous spectrum of a selfadjoint subspace extension generated by a three‐term fourth order difference equation with bounded coefficients using subspace theory. In particular, we have shown that the absolutely continuous spectrum exists outside a certain bounded interval. In addition, we have computed the spectral multiplicity as well as the location of absolutely continuous spectrum of selfadjoint subspace extension under certain asymptotic conditions.
Laser induced nano‐porous Ti–O‐layers for durable titanium adhesive bonding
Authors: Specht U. , Ihde J. , Mayer B.
Published: December 2014

For the integration of titanium in lightweight construction, adhesive bonding technology offers several advantages. Required wet‐chemical surface pre‐treatments of titanium are associated with high process effort, often harmful waste and in most cases insufficient durability of the adhesive bonds. In the present work, titanium is pre‐treated by an Nd : YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm), whereby a stable nanostructured oxide layer is generated. This layer provides a significant surface enlargement for durable adhesive bonding. The growth mechanism of such nano‐structures was examined by means of analytical methods.
A study of integrability and symmetry for the (p + 1)th Boltzmann equation via Painlevé analysis and Lie‐group method
Authors: El‐Sayed M. F. , Moatimid G. M. , Moussa M. H. M. , El‐Shiekh R. M. , El‐Shiekh F. A. H. , El‐Satar A. A.
Published: December 2014

In this paper,we applied the Painlevé property test on Krook‐Wu model of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation (p = 1). As a result, by using Bäcklund transformation, we obtained three solutions two of them were known earlier, while the third one is new and more general, we have also two reductions one of them is Abel's equation. Also, Lie‐group method is applied to the (p + 1)th Boltzmann equation. The complete Lie algebra of infinitesimal symmetries is established. Three nonequivalent sub‐algebraic of the complete Lie algebra are used to investigate similarity solutions and similarity reductions in the form of nonlinear ordinary equations for (p + 1)th Boltzmann equation; we obtained two general solutions for (p + 1)th Boltzmann equation and new solutions for Krook‐Wu model of Boltzmann equation (p = 1). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Druck‐ und biegebeanspruchte Stäbe mit dünnwandigem Hohlkastenquerschnitt
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Taras Andreas , Hafner Simon
Published: December 2014

Druck‐ und biegebeanspruchte Stäbe mit Hohlkastenquerschnitten größerer Abmessungen (etwa b ≥ 400 mm) können insbesondere bei höherfesten Stählen bei wirtschaftlicher Optimierung zu schlanken Querschnitten der Querschnittsklasse 4 führen. Die dargestellte systematische Untersuchung von schlanken quadratischen Hohlprofilquerschnitten unter Druckbeanspruchung sowie Druck‐ und Biegebeanspruchung vergleicht die realitätsnahen numerischen Traglasten mit jenen des Eurocodes. Die aktuell unbefriedigende Festlegung lokaler Imperfektionen im Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5 wird dargestellt. Die deutlich höheren Tragfähigkeiten bei Knickstäben mit Endeinspannung und durchschlagenden Momenten gegenüber dem Eurocode lassen unter Umständen eine Erweiterung der Gelenkfachwerktheorie auf schlanke Querschnitte der Querschnittsklasse 4 zu. Dies wird für die Füllstäbe eines untersuchten weitgespannten Fachwerkträgers aufgezeigt.

Beam columns with thin walled boxed sections – Load bearing behaviour and increased loading capacity compared with Eurocode 3. Beam columns with box sections, especially if fabricated from plates made of high strength steels, often lead to slender elements with class 4 cross‐sections, i. e. sections that are susceptible to local buckling. The presented comprehensive study compares the load bearing capacity, based on nonlinear FEM‐models, with the predictions of Eurocode 3. The definitions of local imperfections in Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5 are presented and discussed. The detected, significantly increased loading capacity of columns with fixed ends and antisymmetric moment distributions is an indication that, even for class 4 sections, a hinged‐truss model may be used in the global analysis with sufficient safety. This is shown for the design of members of a single‐span truss girder by means of a numerical example.
Nouvelle solution pragmatiste du paradoxe du Menteur
Authors: SÉGUY-DUCLOT ALAIN
Published: December 2014

Cet article propose une solution originale du paradoxe du Menteur fondée sur la théorie pragmatique des actes de langage. La solution présentée suppose de distinguer deux concepts de vérité : la vérité intentionnelle des énoncés d’un sujet locuteur, destinés à un sujet allocutaire dans le but d’obtenir son adhésion consensuelle; et la vérité effective reconnue objectivement, par le sujet allocutaire, aux énoncés du sujet locuteur. Pour arriver à cette nouvelle solution de ce paradoxe classique, je conduis une revue critique des solutions proposées notamment par Tarski, Kripke et Strawson.
The Case for Diaspora: A Temporal Approach to the Chinese Experience
Authors: Chan Shelly
Published: December 2014

This article revisits the criticisms of “diaspora” by Wang Gungwu, Ien Ang, and Shu-mei Shih, and urges a return to the concept with an attention to temporality. Focusing on the story of Lim Boon Keng (1869–1957)—an Edinburgh-educatedbabaChinese who led a Confucian revival in Singapore in the 1890s, clashed with May Fourth writer Lu Xun in China in the 1920s, and has been celebrated since the 1990s—this article argues that diaspora is less a collection of communities than a series of moments in which reconnections with a putative homeland take place. By considering how “diaspora moments” emerge and create actors, scholars may ask why and for whom essential ties become useful, and how the history of mass emigration foregrounds a contingent Chinese identity. Temporally inflected, diaspora is a process to reckon with a world in flux, hence a useful paradigm for analysis.
Sparseness for the symmetric hit problem at all primes
Authors: PENGELLEY DAVID , WILLIAMS FRANK
Published: December 2014

The hit problem for a module over the Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}$ seeks a minimal set of $\mathcal{A}$-generators (“non-hit elements,” those not in the image of positive degree elements of $\mathcal{A}$). This problem has been studied for 25 years in a variety of contexts and, although general or complete results have been difficult to obtain, partial results have been obtained in many cases.

For any prime p ⩾ 2, consider the algebra of symmetric polynomials in l variables over $\mathbb{F}$p (the cohomology of BU(l) [BO(l) for p = 2]). We prove a general sparseness result: For any l, the $\mathcal{A}$-generators can be concentrated in complex [real for p = 2] degrees τ such that α((p - 1) (τ + l)) ⩽(p - 1)l, where α(m) denotes the sum of the digits in the p-ary expansion of m.

The specialisation of this result to p = 2 was proved by Janfada and Wood using different methods. Key ingredients of our approach are an action of the Kudo–Araki–May algebra on the $\mathcal{A}$-primitives in homology, and a symmetric homology adaptation of the concept behind the χ-trick in cohomology.
The Confidentiality of Confessions in the Anglican Church of Australia
Authors: Blake Garth
Published: December 2014

On 1 July 2014 the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia passed the Canon Concerning Confessions 1989 (Amendment) Canon 2014, which creates a further exception to the confidentiality of a confession. Under this further exception, a member of the clergy is only required to keep the confession of a ‘serious offence’ confidential where reasonably satisfied that that the penitent has reported the serious offence to the police and, if the penitent is a church worker or a member of the clergy, to the Director of Professional Standards (section 2A(2)). In moving this Bill, I argued that the fundamental theological principle to which it gave expression is that the safety of the members of the Church and the public should be of paramount concern when considering the issue of the confidentiality of confessions, and that accordingly confessions must not operate as a cloak for the concealment of serious criminal offences.
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Authors: Lingiah Jason
Published: December 2014

The Church of Scotland met in General Assembly with the Rt Revd John P Chalmers as Moderator. Owing to the number of wide-ranging issues and topics covered, only a selection of matters discussed and passed are touched on in this report.
General Synod of the Church of Ireland
Authors: Davey Michael
Published: December 2014

In this, the final year of the current triennium, the General Synod met again in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. Whether it will return to this venue, and if so how often, is open to doubt since the Synod directed that efforts be made to find a more satisfactory meeting place in Dublin having regard to the comparative costs of its regular meetings at the alternative venue in Armagh.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND AREAS OF ENDEMISM OF BRAZILIAN JACQUEMONTIA (CONVOLVULACEAE) SPECIES
Authors: Buril M. T. , Maciel J. R. , Alves M.
Published: December 2014

This study aims to understand the distribution of species of Jacquemontia (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil and to determine the centre of endemism of the genus in that country. A database of around 2000 records of samples deposited in 46 herbaria was created. Twenty-one species were classified as widely distributed, of which 14 have continuous distributions and seven have disjunct ones. The remaining 26 species were classified as restricted and among these, 14 were considered endemic and 12 microendemic. The centre of endemism of the genus is in the Espinhaço Range, which traverses Bahia and Minas Gerais. The distribution patterns are discussed and a new assessment for the Red List of Jacquemontia is suggested.
Plasmon induced self-assembly of gold nanorods in polymer films
Authors: Marquez Daniela T. , Scaiano Juan C.
Published: December 2014

Photoactivated orientation of gold nanorods (AuNRs) incorporated into polymethylmethacrylate and SU-8 photoresist films occurs under red light activation.
One-step growth of well-aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoxu , Tang Qunwei , Zhao Zhiyuan , Wang Xinghui , He Benlin , Yu Liangmin
Published: December 2014

Well-aligned TiO2 nanorod arrays were synthesized by a dc reactive magnetron sputtering strategy for flexible DSSCs, yielding an efficiency of 5.3% in comparison with 1.2% for the cell with traditional TiO2 nanoparticles fabricated by a low-temperature process.
Atomic-scale models of early-stage alkali depletion and SiO2-rich gel formation in bioactive glasses
Authors: Tilocca Antonio
Published: December 2014

Molecular dynamics simulations of Na+/H+-exchanged 45S5 Bioglass® reveal the co-existence of bonded and non-bonded hydroxyls, suggesting a direct mechanism for forming a silica-rich gel structure upon the initial ion exchange.
Perfect light trapping in nanoscale thickness semiconductor films with a resonant back reflector and spectrum-splitting structures
Authors: Liu Jiang-Tao , Deng Xin-Hua , Yang Wen , Li Jun
Published: December 2014

Broadband nearly perfect absorption of nanoscale thickness semiconductor films in interference-based light-trapping structures combined with spectrum-splitting structures.
Electric field induced surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for multianalyte detection
Authors: Walia Sumeet , Shah Aditya K. , Stoddart Paul R. , Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath
Published: December 2014

This work demonstrates the ability to detect and isolate an analyte from a multianalyte mixture by SERS sensing.
Preparation of water-dispersible porous g-C3N4 with improved photocatalytic activity by chemical oxidation
Authors: Li Hui-Jun , Sun Bo-Wen , Sui Li , Qian Dong-Jin , Chen Meng
Published: December 2014

Water-dispersible porous g-C3N4 with improved photocatalytic activity can be prepared by chemical oxidation of bulk g-C3N4 with K2Cr2O7–H2SO4.