bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ Experiences of Parenting Within the Context of Intimate Partner Violence: Unique Challenges and Resilience
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Woolhouse Hannah , Giallo Rebecca , Wood Catherine , Kaufman Jordy , Brown Stephanie
Published: November 2019

Maternal and child health are strongly linked, particularly in the presence of intimate partner violence (IPV). Women who experience IPV are at increased risk of negative physical and mental health difficulties. However, little is known about the experience of mothering within the context of IPV and what mothers perceive as contributing to resilience. This study had two aims. First, to explore women’s experience and perceived challenges associated with being a mother within the context of being in a relationship where IPV is being used. Second, to explore what mothers found helpful in coping during this experience. A nested qualitative sub-study was conducted within a prospective study of mothers during pregnancy and following the birth of their first child. Nine women who reported experiencing IPV since becoming pregnant with their first child participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews, which were then transcribed and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three subthemes emerged within the theme of unique challenges experienced by mothers. These were partner control over parenting, other disrespectful and controlling behavior, and emotional exhaustion. Within the theme of mothers’ sense of resilience and coping, career development, making sense of experiences, focusing on children, and help-seeking played important roles in helping mothers manage these difficulties. Our findings highlighted the impact that IPV can have on the experience of mothering and the importance of prioritizing women’s health and well-being. Finally, these findings emphasize the importance of health-care professionals identifying and acknowledging the signs of IPV to support women to speak out about their experiences.
Reciprocal Relation Between Authenticity and Career Decision Self-Efficacy: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Zhou Jia , Dik Bryan J. , You Xuqun
Published: November 2019

Research suggests that authenticity plays a positive role in one’s career decision-making process but little is known of how this role unfolds over time. In the present study, we argue that authenticity positively relates to career decision self-efficacy over time, and vice versa. We conducted a study characterized by a three-wave longitudinal design with 459 Chinese university students over 1 year and examined the reciprocal dynamic effects of authenticity and career decision self-efficacy. Using a cross-lagged approach, we found that authenticity positively relates to career decision self-efficacy over time, and conversely, career decision self-efficacy also positively relates to authenticity over time. Our findings contribute to the literature on authenticity and career decision self-efficacy by demonstrating that they reciprocally promote each other. Our findings also have implications for university students, as well as educators and counselors who assist in facilitating the career decision process.
De-capitalizing Mindfulness in Education
Authors: Min Hee Jung , Lynn Joseph
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to analyze mindfulness in education from a critical perspective. We first examine the historical underpinnings of human capital theory, which encourages educators to view students as efficient laborers in a neo-liberal society. Using the lens of Bourdieu’s capital theory, we further examine how mass media inadvertently distorts the definition of mindfulness by exploring the development of a specific mass media story and by identifying how mass media factors beyond headlines and titles reframe mindfulness. We argue that this type of reframing has created a public perception of students who practice mindfulness as not only successful in social relationships but also as valued laborers who expand economic growth. This analysis opens two doors of discourse. First, mindfulness in education should be de-capitalized and shifted toward a spiritual focus. Second, we ask educational writers and publishers to redirect mindfulness applications away from their original purpose.
Association of Entrepreneurial Traits With Interest in Becoming a Pharmacist Provider Among Student Pharmacists
Authors: Nili Mona , Shaikh Nazneen Fatima , Dwibedi Nilanjana , Madhavan S. Suresh
Published: November 2019

Background:

With the emerging opportunities for pharmacists to gain provider status, the need for understanding interest to become a pharmacist provider has never been greater.

Objective:

To determine which entrepreneurial traits (locus of control, innovativeness, autonomy, risk-taking propensity, proactiveness, achievement motivation, people liking, problem-solving, and leadership) are associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among second- and third-year student pharmacists. Exploratory factor analysis (principal components with varimax rotation) was used to determine any underlying dimensions. Significant differences in interest in becoming a pharmacist provider by demographic and other characteristics were determined using t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA; P ≤ .05). Multiple linear regression was used to determine the factors associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider.

Results:

A total of 137 completed questionnaires were received. Gender ( P = .003) and preference of workplace ( P < .001) were significantly associated with interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. All factor loadings were more than 0.50 and Cronbach alpha values were more than .68. In the multiple linear regression analysis model, proactiveness ( P = .036) and achievement motivation ( P = .018) were positive predictors of interest in becoming a pharmacist provider. Females ( P = .006) and individuals who preferred to work in a hospital ( P < .001) or in specialty care ( P = .007) had a significantly greater interest in becoming a pharmacist provider.

Conclusions:

Proactiveness and achievement motivation can be predictors of interest in becoming a pharmacist provider.
A sequence planning method for five-axis hybrid manufacturing of complex structural parts
Authors: Liu Changqing , Li Yingguang , Jiang Sen , Li Zhongyu , Xu Ke
Published: November 2019

The concept of additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing provides a new idea for the manufacturing of high-precision complex structural parts. Currently, under the five-axis additive–subtractive hybrid manufacturing mode, existing research work concerned with sequence planning issues have limitations. This article presents a sequence planning method for hybrid manufacturing of complex structural parts with high precision. The initial printing direction of parts was determined based on an iterative search method and the initial hybrid manufacturing sequence was constructed by part volume decomposition, which solved the coupling problem of printing direction decision and machinability calculation. Under the constraint of tool accessibility, the whole planning of the hybrid manufacturing sequence was realized based on greedy algorithm. This method has achieved highly effective planning of the alternative sequence in the process of hybrid manufacturing, thus greatly reduced the number of tool changes required and laid a foundation for the realization of highly efficient hybrid manufacturing.
Adherent diamond coating deposited on Ti by ultrasonic after carbonization pretreatment
Authors: Gao Jiye , Xu Feng , Ma Zhenyu , Shi Lili , Wang Xue , Zuo Dunwen
Published: November 2019

The adhesion of wear-resistant diamond coating deposited on titanium was weakened by the porous titanium carbide interlayer, which was formed before film growth. In order to enhance substrate-coating adherence, a new pretreatment method was presented: Ti substrates were carbonized by hot filament chemical vapor deposition system, and then the carbonized substrates were ultrasonically vibrated using diamond micro-powder suspension. Diamond coatings were deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition as well. The effect of carbonization time on adhesion was investigated. The carbonized substrates and the interface between diamond coatings and substrates were characterized. The results showed that as the carbonization time increases, porous structures and cracks appear and increase on the surface of the substrate. The carbonized substrates possess high surface energy and thus the nucleation is promoted. After deposition, a dense and thin titanium carbide was observed. Ultrasonic after carbonization pretreatment can significantly enhance the adhesion of Ti-based diamond coatings by promoting nucleation and suppressing the formation of porous titanium carbide.
Experimentally study of dynamic pressure distribution and oil film forces in journal bearing using ElectroMechanical Film sensor array
Authors: Chen Changmin , Jing Jianping , Cong Jiqing , Ji Chao
Published: November 2019

The acquisition of the oil film pressure and forces on the bearing pads through experimentation is crucial to understanding the characteristics of journal bearing. Lots of efforts had been taken in film pressure measurement, and the pressure was obtained at specified position on the bearing pads. However, due to the space and structure constraint, merely very limited number of the point pressure can be obtained with traditional sensors and acquiring the detail pressure field on whole bearing pad surface is still an open challenge. In this paper, a method based on thin-film sensors technique is proposed and employed to measure the pressure distribution and oil film forces of journal bearings. The measurement is conducted on a cylindrical journal bearing with two axial grooves, and ElectroMechanical Film sensor arrays are designed and laid on the surface of the bearing pads. The oil film pressure is acquired at up to 32 measurement points in total along the bearing pads in both circumference and axial directions. The pressure distribution in a wide rotation speed range is obtained successfully by using fitting algorithm. Furthermore, the oil film forces on horizon and vertical direction are obtained through the integration of the measured pressure filed. The test results prove that it is feasible to measure the oil pressure filed of journal bearings using ElectroMechanical Film piezo-film sensor array.
Trust/distrust judgments and perceptions of climate science: A research note on skeptics’ rationalizations
Authors: Sarathchandra Dilshani , Haltinner Kristin
Published: November 2019

Using interviews with residents of Idaho (a rural northwest US state) who identify as skeptical of climate change, we examine how skeptics rationalize their doubts about climate science. Skeptics tend to question the reality and human causes of climate change by (1) raising concerns about incentive structures in science that could bias climatology, (2) doubting the accuracy of data and models used by climate scientists, and (3) perceiving some practices of climate science and scientists as exclusionary. Despite these concerns, skeptics exhibit deference to scientific authority when using scientific assessments to make policy decisions, including environmental policy. Understanding skeptics’ concerns about climate science and areas where they support science-based policy, will lead to better dialogue between scientists, interest groups, policy makers, and the skeptical public, potentially clarifying avenues to communicate climate information and enact climate policy.
Randomized controlled trial: Flexible sigmoidoscopy as an adjunct to faecal occult blood testing in population screening
Authors: Steele Robert JC , Carey Francis A , Stanners Greig , Lang Jaroslaw , Brand Jess , Brownlee Linda A , Crichton Emilia M , Winter Jack W , Phull Perminder S , Mowat Craig , Strachan Judith A , Digan Ann-Marie , Fraser Callum G
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening at around age 60 can reduce colorectal cancer incidence. Insufficient evidence exists on flexible sigmoidoscopy at age 60 in a population being offered biennial faecal occult blood test screening from age 50. This randomized controlled trial assessed if flexible sigmoidoscopy would be an effective adjunct to faecal occult blood test.

Methods

In the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme between June 2014 and December 2015, 51,769 individuals were randomized to be offered flexible sigmoidoscopy instead of faecal occult blood test at age 60 or to continue faecal occult blood test. Those not accepting flexible sigmoidoscopy and those with normal flexible sigmoidoscopy were offered faecal occult blood test. All with flexible sigmoidoscopy-detected neoplasia or a positive faecal occult blood test result were offered colonoscopy.

Results

Overall flexible sigmoidoscopy uptake was 17.8%, higher in men than women, and decreased with increasing deprivation (25.7% in the least to 9.2% in the most deprived quintile). In those who underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy, detection rate for colorectal cancer was 0.13%, for adenoma 7.27%, and for total neoplasia 7.40%. In those who underwent colonoscopy after a positive flexible sigmoidoscopy, detection rate for colorectal cancer was 0.28%, adenoma 8.66%, and total neoplasia 8.83%. On an intention to screen basis, there was no difference in colorectal cancer detection rate between the study and control groups. Adenoma and total neoplasia detection rate were significantly higher in the study group, with odds ratios of 5.95 (95%CI: 4.69–7.56) and 5.10 (95%CI: 4.09–6.35), respectively.

Conclusions

In a single screening round at age 60, there was low uptake and neoplasia detection rate. Flexible sigmoidoscopy detected significantly more neoplasia than faecal occult blood test alone.
Changes in the incidence of cervical tumours by disease stage in a cytology-based screening programme
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Mancini Silvia , Baldacchini Flavia , Giuliani Orietta , Ravaioli Alessandra , Vattiato Rosa , Falcini Fabio , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Campari Cinzia , Canuti Debora , Di Felice Enza , de Bianchi Priscilla Sassoli , Ferretti Stefano ,   on behalf of the Emilia-Romagna Region Workgroup for Cervical Screening Evaluation
Published: November 2019

Objectives

To report changes in incidence of cervical tumours by disease stage, following the introduction of an organized cytology-based screening programme.

Methods

An intention-to-screen study of a cytology-based screening programme targeting 1,219,000 women aged 25–64 in northern Italy was carried out. Based on the previously reported trend in total incidence of cervical cancer, the study period 1995–2014 was divided into 1995–1996 (pre-screening, or reference, years), 1997–1998 (screening implementation phase), 1999–2006 (transition phase, when incidence decreased), and 2007–2014 (steady-state phase, when incidence stabilized again). Tumour stage was categorized as preinvasive (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and adenocarcinoma in situ), early (pT1a), advanced (pT1b or greater, ypT), and unknown (pT1 not otherwise specified, pTx, missing information). Average annual incidence rates observed in each phase were compared with the expected (reference) rates, using the incidence rate ratio, calculated with a Poisson regression model.

Results

In the steady-state phase, incidence rate ratios were: CIN3, 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.41–1.70); early-stage squamous carcinoma, 0.49 (0.36–0.67); advanced-stage squamous carcinoma, 0.44 (0.33–0.57); unknown-stage squamous carcinoma, 0.69 (0.48–0.99); adenocarcinoma in situ, 1.44 (0.72–2.88); early-stage adenocarcinoma, 2.65 (0.82–8.53); advanced-stage adenocarcinoma, 1.03 (0.56–1.91); and unknown-stage adenocarcinoma, 0.46 (0.23–0.92).

Conclusions

After stabilization, changes in incidence by tumour stage included a 55% increase for CIN3 and a 50–55% decrease both for early- and advanced-stage squamous carcinoma, but no significant changes for glandular tumours. These data will serve to quantify the incremental impact of the implementation of human papillomavirus-based screening, introduced in 2015.
Introduction to the special issue: The enactment of neoliberalism in the workplace: The degradation of the employment relationship
Authors: Thomas Pete , McArdle Louise , Saundry Richard
Published: November 2019

This article introduces readers to the special issue on 'the enactment of neoliberalism in the workplace'. We argue that contemporary developments such as zero-hours contracts, casualization and platform work are part of a neoliberal regime of deregulation and flexibilization that renders employment precarious and work degraded. Thus, the degradation of work that Braverman wrote of should be extended to include aspects of the employment relationship, acknowledging the crucial relationship between the mode of employment and the experience of work. In short, we assert that the quality of work is intimately connected to the quality of employment. The neoliberal agenda is played out in and around organizations through management decisions on employment and work, which, in turn, have significant and complex connections to a range of wider social, economic and political issues, such as poverty and welfare systems. The articles in our special issue explore and analyse several dimensions of the changes taking place and whilst presenting a rather gloomy view of contemporary work and employment they do demonstrate continued scope for resistance.
Examining the Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions of Palliative Care in the General Public Over Time: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Patel Priya , Lyons Laura
Published: November 2019

Background:

The field of palliative care (PC) is growing as the world population ages and burden of chronic diseases increases. Thus, it is important that the general public is knowledgeable about PC and the benefits PC provides.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to describe the public’s knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of PC and determine whether these have changed over time.

Methods:

A scoping literature review was conducted from 1968 to May 2019 using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases.

Results:

Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria that originated from the United States, Canada, Scotland, Italy, New Zealand, Ireland, United Kingdom, Korea, and Sweden between years 2003 and 2019. Participants were adults and mostly younger than 64 years, women, and Caucasian. The majority of studies reported the public having poor knowledge (7/9 articles) and awareness (4/6 articles) of PC over the past 16 years. Top characteristics associated with increased levels of knowledge and/or awareness of PC included women (6/8 articles), age 40+ (6/8 articles), experience with a close friend and/or relative requiring PC (4/8 articles), and working in health-care and/or PC (4/8 articles). The most common perceptions of PC were associated with patients who have terminal illnesses and end-of-life care. Participants commonly received information about PC from the media, having a close friend or relative requiring PC, and working in a health-care setting.

Conclusions:

The public has poor knowledge and awareness about PC and several misperceptions exist. These findings have remained constant over time despite growth in the field of PC, which highlights the strong need for focused educational interventions.
Experience of Culturally-Tailored Diabetes Interventions for Ethnic Minorities: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Joo Jee Young , Liu Megan F.
Published: November 2019

This qualitative systematic review synthesizes recent qualitative studies of culturally tailored interventions to better understand the experiences that individuals who are members of ethnic minorities have when undergoing type 2 diabetes treatment in the United States. Such interventions have been shown to be effective among ethnic minority populations; however, no qualitative synthesis has reported on recent findings from studies of these interventions. This systematic review identified seven relevant qualitative studies from five electronic databases—CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science—published from 2009 to 2019, and used a thematic synthesis review methodology. Methodological rigor was assessed for an appraisal of study quality. Five themes were identified as experiences of culturally tailored diabetes interventions: culturally appropriate healthy lifestyle behaviors, knowledge about diabetes care, emotional supports, access to the healthcare system, and family involvement. The findings of this review can be utilized as resources for improving diabetes care for ethnic minorities.
A Deceptive Spread: Myoinvasion of Endometrial Carcinoma Imitating Adenoma Malignum
Authors: Deb Pratik Q. , Marcus Jenna Z. , Abedin Yasmin , Heller Debra S.
Published: November 2019

Endometrioid type of endometrial carcinoma is the most common form of uterine malignancy. The majority of patients in the developed world present with the low-grade, low-stage type of this malignancy. The current treatment of early-stage endometrioid carcinoma provides most patients with a favorable outcome. One of the important factors that determine the outcome of early-stage endometrial carcinoma is the involvement of cervical stroma. One of the very rare forms of cervical stromal involvement by endometrioid carcinoma is termed “adenoma malignum type” invasion due to its similarity to the infamously deceptive type of cervical adenocarcinoma called adenoma malignum. Since adenoma malignum is often discovered incidentally, finding adenoma malignum type of myoinvasion may deceive a pathologist to diagnose the simultaneous presence of endometrial carcinoma and adenoma malignum in the same patient as 2 separate entities. Also, this type of myoinvasion may be missed altogether for its subtle nature. In this article, we report a case of low-grade, low-stage endometrioid carcinoma with adenoma malignum type of myoinvasion. We have pointed out the subtle nature of this lesion and the important features to remember to successfully identify it.
What Cognitive Neurology Teaches Us about Our Experience of Color
Authors: Siuda-Krzywicka Katarzyna , Bartolomeo Paolo
Published: November 2019

Color provides valuable information about the environment, yet the exact mechanisms explaining how colors appear to us remain poorly understood. Retinal signals are processed in the visual cortex through high-level mechanisms that link color perception with top-down expectations and knowledge. Here, we review the neuroimaging evidence about color processing in the brain, and how it is affected by acquired brain lesions in humans. Evidence from patients with brain-damage suggests that high-level color processing may be divided into at least three modules: perceptual color experience, color naming, and color knowledge. These modules appear to be functionally independent but richly interconnected, and serve as cortical relays linking sensory and semantic information, with the final goal of directing object-related behavior. We argue that the relations between colors and their objects are key mechanisms to understand high-level color processing.
Can Concrete Poems Fly? Setting Data Free in a Performance of Visual Enactment
Authors: Schoone Adrian
Published: November 2019

In researching the tutors working in alternative education centers in New Zealand, I sought ways to bring voice to their lived experiences through, initially, creating found poetry from interview transcripts. The poems helped bring their vital voices to the page. Even so, I found the emotion of tutors’ lived experiences buckled under the pressure of their compression into lines of poetry. Thus, I set the found words free to form nonlinear configurations in two and three dimensions. In the tradition of concrete poetry noted by Khlebnikov, I “loosed the shackles of syntax . . . to attach meaning to words according to their graphic and phonic characteristics.” In this article, I present concrete poetry deriving from my poetic inquiry and reflect on the value concrete poetry provides arts-based researchers.
Comparison of structural and functional outcome of aflibercept versus ranibizumab in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Howaidy Ahmed , Eldaly Zeiad H
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

To compare visual functional improvement and retinal structural changes of aflibercept versus ranibizumab for the management of treatment-naïve choroidal neovascularization related to pathological myopia.

Patients and methods:

A prospective randomized study included patients suffering from myopic choroidal neovascularization. Patients received three intravitreal injections of aflibercept (2 mg) or ranibizumab (0.5 mg) in 1:1 ratio every 4 weeks. Ophthalmic evaluation and optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months after last injection. Primary outcome measure was the visual acuity change from baseline to month 3 after injection. Secondary outcome measures included change in retinal thickness and the relation of morphological and functional changes to baseline assessment parameters.

Results:

A total of 48 myopic patients (48 eyes) suffering from myopic choroidal neovascularization were randomly assigned to receive either aflibercept (Group A) or ranibizumab (Group B). In Group A, best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from 0.53 ± 0.10 logMAR to 0.38 ± 0.11 logMAR, at 3 months, and from 0.55 ± 0.11 logMAR to 0.39 ± 0.12 logMAR in Group B. Whereas, retinal thickness reduced from 317.7 ± 53.6 µm to 164.5 ± 81.9 µm in Group A, and from 321.1 ± 98.8 µm at baseline to 178.9 ± 64.5 µm in Group B at month 3. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness were statistically insignificant between the two groups at final visit.

Conclusion:

Both aflibercept and ranibizumab provided a significant improvement in visual acuity and retinal thickness in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization. Comparable functional and architectural results were achieved by both treatment modalities.
Long-term ophthalmic anatomical and functional outcomes after surgical removal of intraorbital foreign bodies
Authors: Grewal Aditi Mehta , Singh Manpreet , Yadav Deepti , Kaur Manpreet , Singh Jyoti , Sharma Manjula , Zadeng Zoramthara , Gupta Pankaj
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

To analyze the anatomical and functional ophthalmic parameters after the surgical removal of various intraorbital foreign bodies.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed featuring detailed history, ophthalmic examination, orbital computed tomographic scans, treatment details, and outcomes. The analyzed anatomical factors included extraocular movements, the position of the eyeball (proptosis, dystopia, and enophthalmos), and fullness of orbital sulci. The functional assessment was based on visual acuity, pupillary reactions, and diplopia. The outcomes were defined as complete, partial, and failure after a minimum follow-up of 1 year.

Results:

Of 32 patients, the organic and inorganic intraorbital foreign bodies were surgically removed from 18 (56.25%) and 14 (43.75%) orbits, respectively. At presentation, anatomically the extraocular movement restriction, proptosis/dystopia/enophthalmos, and orbital sulcus fullness were noted in 26 (81.25%), 24 (75%), and 15 (46.88%), respectively. Functionally, diminished visual acuity, diplopia, and pupil abnormalities were seen in 27 (84.38%), 14 (43.75%), and 8 (25%), respectively. After intraorbital foreign body removal at a mean follow-up of 14 months, the improvement of anatomical factors (same sequence) were observed in 8 (30.77%), 20 (83.33%), and 12 (80%), respectively. In functional factors (same sequence), the improvement was noted in none (0%), 13 (92.86%), and 5 (62.5%), respectively. Hence, the majority of patients (n = 20, 62.5%) achieved partial success, while 8 (25%) had complete success. Four (12.5%) had treatment failure despite similar management protocols.

Conclusion:

The anatomical outcomes are better than the functional outcomes after surgical removal of the intraorbital foreign bodies. The visual acuity does not improve considerably after the surgical removal of intraorbital foreign bodies. Overall, the wooden intraorbital foreign bodies have poorer anatomical and functional prognosis.
Indigenous Evaluation Frameworks: Can the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage be a guide for recognizing Indigenous scholarship within tenure and promotion standards?
Authors: Kovach Margaret
Published: November 2019

The 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage formally recognizes intangible cultural heritage. This article focuses on Indigenous intangible culture and reviews the 2003 Convention, including what is it, how it has come about, how intangible cultural heritage is defined in it, and the policies arising from it. In tandem with the 2003 Convention, museums have adopted a living culture approach toward Indigenous cultural heritage. Indigenous peoples have been pivotal in these policy shifts. The article then considers universities and asks whether the 2003 Convention, and its policies, can guide tenure and promotion policy for the appropriate evaluation of Indigenous scholarship. The rationale for this comparative is that Indigenous scholarship is embedded in intangible culture. Using 2003 Convention as a baseline, this article offers a potential policy framework for establishing said process.
High Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistance and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Production in Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli in Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Adane
Published: November 2019

Background:

Emergence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli is a major problem to public health, as it limits drug treatment options against infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase production in Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli.

Materials and methods:

Different clinical samples were collected and processed following standard procedures. Each sample was then inoculated onto culture media. Identification, drug susceptibility testing, and extended spectrum beta lactamase production of the isolates were carried out by using the VITEK 2 compact system.

Results:

Among 996 clinical samples, 135 samples yielded Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli of which Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species were the commonest isolates. The overall drug resistance rates of Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli were above 80% against ampicillin (89.6%), cefuroxime axetil (88.9%), nitrofurantoin (85.9%), cefalotin (84.4%), cefoxitin (83.7%), cefazolin (83.0%), and cefuroxime (83.0%). Tobramycin with a resistance rate of 19.3% was the most active antimicrobial agent. Out of 135 isolates, 81.5% were multi-drug resistant of which 13.3% were extensively drug resistant and 10.4% were pandrug resistant. Extended spectrum beta lactamase production was detected in 48.9% of the isolates.

Conclusions:

The spectrum of bacterial species isolated was diverse. The isolates demonstrated high level of drug resistance in different classes of antibiotics. The magnitude of multi-drug resistance and the level of extended spectrum beta lactamase production were high. Hence, further studies on multi-drug resistant and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli both in the community and in hospital setting are essential.
Approach to the Assessment and Management of Pediatric Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Consensus Document. Section III: Treatment Options for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Lansang Perla , Lam Joseph M. , Marcoux Danielle , Prajapati Vimal H. , Spring Shanna , Lara-Corrales Irene
Published: November 2019

Because atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing disease, treatment requires the use of both active therapy to control flares and preventative maintenance therapy to promote integrity of the skin barrier. In this third of four sections, important clinical considerations for the treatment of pediatric AD are reviewed. Emerging therapies in development for pediatric AD are introduced.
Nonmedicinal Ingredients in Topical Corticosteroids Available in Canada
Authors: Labadie Elisabeth A. , Houle Marie-Claude
Published: November 2019

Background

Nonmedicinal ingredients in topical corticosteroids might exacerbate pre-existing conditions in patients with contact allergies. In Canada, no database exists to help the clinician identify rapidly the ingredients in a topical product. Thus, prescribing topical corticosteroids to patients with contact allergies represents a challenge.

Objectives

This study aimed to identify potential allergens contained in topical corticosteroids available in Canada.

Methods

Ingredients from 140 topical corticosteroids available in Canada were compiled. Ingredients with stronger allergenic potential were identified.

Results

The most frequent potential allergens found in topical corticosteroids were propylene glycol (42.9%) and parabens (27.9%). Chlorocresol was listed in 11.4% of topical corticosteroids, mostly in high potency products. Formaldehyde releasers were also found in 7.1% of topical products.

Conclusions

This study confirms that ingredients in topical corticosteroids may be the cause of recalcitrant dermatitis in certain patients with contact allergies. Prescribing an adapted topical corticosteroid to patients with allergies is primordial in order to ensure optimal care.
Influence on temperature profile in an oil film in thrust bearings using an embedded cooling circuitry beneath the pad surface: An experimental investigation
Authors: Najar FA , Harmain GA
Published: November 2019

This paper describes the design and development of a test rig, for the experimental assessment of performance characteristics of thrust bearing used in hydro power plants. This test rig has features to study experimentally the conventional pad-based thrust bearing and the newly designed water cooling enabled pad. In this paper, a cooling circuit designated as Circuit-I has been installed and then testing is performed. The shaft speed and axial load has been set at 1400 r/min and 5.0 kN. The lubricating oil used SAE-30 and inlet temperature of oil was maintained at 40℃. The main focus of the present work is to compute the influence on the temperature distribution in the oil film on the top surface of the pad with the embodiment of cooling circuit arrangement. From the experimental results, the overall reduction in the oil film temperature or on the top surface of the pad has been found to be 14% when the conventional thrust bearing set up is replaced by water cooling enabled pad of this kind.
Performance characteristics of journal bearings (porous type): A coupled solution using Hartmann number and roughness parameter
Authors: Kalavathi GK , Najar FA , Vasundhara MG
Published: November 2019

The influence of magnetic field and roughness factor on long journal (porous) bearing with heterogeneous slip/no-slip surface has been described in this paper. Assumptions of hydrodynamic lubrication theory and Navier slip relation were employed during the investigation, and the generalized Reynolds equation for the oil film pressure was obtained using appropriate boundary conditions and the expressions for pressure distribution and load-carrying capacity as a function of Hartmann number, permeability parameter, roughness parameter, and slip parameter were derived in integral forms. Integrals involved are evaluated by using Simpsons 1/3rd rule and Gauss quadrature 16-point formula in MATLAB code. Christensen stochastic process is adopted to study the roughness behavior. In the present analysis, it has been revealed that there is a noticeable escalation in the load-carrying capacity with the embodiment of magnetic field effect, which enables the journal (rotating part) to levitate inside the domain of bearing (stationary part) that indeed supports the lubricant performance.
Transforming refugees into migrants: institutional change and the politics of international protection
Authors: Mourad Lama , Norman Kelsey P
Published: November 2019

Since the 2015 refugee “crisis,” much has been made of the distinction between the legal category of refugee and migrant. While migration scholars have accounted for the increased blurring of these two categories through explanations of institutional drift and policy layering, we argue that the intentional policies utilized by states and international organizations to minimize legal avenues for refugees to seek protection should also be considered. We identify four practices of policy “conversion” that have also led to the increasingly problematic distinction between migrants and refugees: (1) limiting access to territory through burden-shifting and other practices of extraterritorialization; (2) limiting access to asylum and local integration through procedural and administrative hindrances; (3) the use of group-based criteria as a basis of exclusion; (4) the inclusion of non-Convention criteria within resettlement schemes. Drawing upon a historical institutionalist approach and a wide array of empirical sources—including 3 years of combined primary field research conducted in Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey between 2013 and 2016—we demonstrate that states are actively pursuing a greater degree of control over the selection of refugees, in practice making refugee resettlement closer to another immigration track rather than a unique status that compels state responsibility.
Personal and social development in physical education and sports: A review study
Authors: Opstoel Katrijn , Chapelle Laurent , Prins Frans J , De Meester An , Haerens Leen , van Tartwijk Jan , De Martelaer Kristine
Published: November 2019

This review provides an overview of the existing literature on school-aged children’s and youth’s (i.e. 6- to 18-year-olds) personal and social development within the context of physical education and sports. A total of 4359 non-duplicate articles were retrieved from six databases. After the title, abstract and full text screening, 88 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. Articles had to be published in a peer-reviewed journal between 1 January 2008 and 6 December 2017. The 88 studies used several study designs, methods and instruments to investigate a variety of concepts related to personal and social development. Concepts were grouped into the following 11 themes: work ethic; control and management; goal-setting; decision-making; problem-solving; responsibility; leadership; cooperation; meeting people and making friends; communication; and prosocial behaviour. The main findings for each of the 11 themes are reported, and limitations and implications are provided to guide researchers and practitioners in their future work.
Genome Editing Animals and the Promise of Control in a (Post-) Anthropocentric World
Authors: Kelz Rosine
Published: November 2019

Gene editing tools are ‘revolutionizing’ microbiological research. Much of the public debate focuses on the possibility of human germ line applications. The use of genome editing to alter non-human animals, however, will have more immediate impacts on our daily lives. Genome edited animals are used for basic biological and biomedical research and could soon play a role in the livestock industry and ecosystem management. Genome editing thus provides an occasion to rethink societal narratives about the relationships between humans and other animals. Even though the technique can be easily incorporated as an example into a conventional storyline about the development of the modern life sciences as striving for control over nature, it can also help to highlight the anthropocentric biases expressed in these narratives and demonstrate the continuities between humans and other animals.
The effect of vocal production on vocabulary learning in a second language
Authors: Icht Michal , Mama Yaniv
Published: November 2019

The Production Effect (PE) is a memory phenomenon, referring to memory advantage for produced items (read aloud) over non-produced items (read silently). Since vocalizing shows consistent memory benefits, it has been suggested as a mnemonic that can be used to assist vocabulary learning. The present study investigated the PE in L2 vocabulary learning and examined whether learning is durable over time. Hebrew speaking students learned new words in Esperanto, either by vocal production or by no-production. Retention interval varied between participants – from immediate, 1-week, and 2-weeks following the learning phase. The results showed a significant PE – a memory advantage for vocally produced over non-produced words across all learning intervals. Memory performance was higher in the immediate tests than in the delayed tests. The produced words were more durable and showed less memory decay over time. These findings support using vocalization as a simple yet effective memory tool in the first stages of L2 learning, as a classroom activity and as a homework practice assignment.
Organizational responses to performance feedback: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Kotiloglu Serhan , Chen Yan , Lechler Thomas
Published: November 2019

Performance feedback theory has been recognized as a generative theory in organization and management studies that explains why, when, and how organizations initiate or discontinue specific strategic actions. Over the past decades, an extensive body of empirical research has tested the theory, refined its key tenets, and broadened its applications. Yet, empirical results on the effects of performance feedback often vary and even produce conflicting insights that are difficult to interpret. Following recent developments, we suggest that empirical controversies can be largely reconciled once we consider different performance feedback conditions, organizational actions, and boundary conditions. We conducted a meta-analytic review of 113 empirical studies to statistically evaluate how and why the effects of performance feedback may vary according to various factors. By identifying factors shaping organizational responses to performance feedback, this study helps integrate existing empirical evidence and offers new directions for future theoretical development and empirical research.
The effects of illuminance and correlated colour temperature on daytime melatonin levels in undergraduates with sub-syndromal SAD
Authors: Yang C , Yang P , Liang S , Wang T
Published: November 2019

Under the pressure of ensuring student visual performance, this study investigated whether improving the classroom lighting is helpful in relieving the daytime serum melatonin concentration in undergraduates who suffer from sub-syndromal seasonal affective disorder in winter. Two negative control groups (Undergraduates without sub-SAD, lighting conditions 300 lx, 4000K), two positive control groups (undergraduates with sub-seasonal affective disorder, lighting conditions 300 lx, 4000K) and six positive intervention groups (undergraduates with sub-seasonal affective disorder, lighting conditions 1000, 2000, 3000 lx and 4000K and 5000K). There were eight participants in each group (four males and four females). A total of 80 participants took part in 15 successive days of study, and the melatonin was measured every seven days. After comparing participants’ melatonin levels before and after exposure, statistical analysis revealed: (1) Participants with sub-seasonal affective disorder had a higher daytime serum melatonin level than the normal; (2) Increasing the illuminant colour temperature or illuminance in daytime can effectively restrain sub-seasonal affective disorder participants’ daytime serum melatonin secretion; (3) Compared to the 4000K intervention, the 5000K light source affected the participants’ daytime serum melatonin suppression more significantly. These results provide suggestions for classroom lighting in sunless areas from the aspect of melatonin rhythm.
Comprehensive Prevention of Campus Sexual Violence: Expanding Who Is Invited to the Table
Authors: McMahon Sarah , Steiner Jordan J. , Snyder Simone , Banyard Victoria L.
Published: November 2019

There are calls for sexual violence prevention to be more comprehensive and align with a socio-ecological approach. However, there is lack of models with specificity on how to engage additional stakeholders. Whole School Approach (WSA) frameworks have been used to address health promotion and bullying prevention and can be a useful model for guiding campus sexual violence prevention work. WSA models situate violence as a community issue and one where all community members have a role to play in prevention. Rather than focusing on addressing individual behavior, WSA frameworks address the role of the larger school environment in serving as a protective factor against violence, abuse, and harassment. A review of the literature on WSA frameworks in other disciplines reveals a number of potential ways to translate key elements of WSA models to the field of campus sexual violence prevention. In particular, mechanisms can be applied to expand the role of students, faculty, staff, parents/significant adults, institutional leadership, and the larger community.
Teacher! Teacher! An Artistic Exploration of the True-Story Troubles and Triumphs of First-Year Teachers
Authors: Simpson Steele Jamie , Brown Nicholas , Tiffany-Kinder Ronnie , Amos Chloe , Luu Andy , O’Brien Neil , Ranchez Mark Lester , Tengan Jill , Walker Audrey Castañeda , Young Judithanne
Published: November 2019

New teachers often feel unprepared to meet the demands of the profession, and attrition rates indicate approximately half will leave within their first 5 years. To address this problem, this applied theater project utilized ethnodrama, integrating research and performance, to stage the stories of first-year teachers. Researchers interviewed 18 first-year teachers and an ensemble of performers then developed a series of monologues, dances, poems, songs, and scenes. These vignettes fit within three categories: (a) The Beginning; (b) The Students; and (c) The Profession. This script documents that performance.
Preparation and properties of eccentric hollow fiber nonwovens for acquisition distribution layer
Authors: Liu Huan , Feng Yan , Qian Xiaoming
Published: November 2019

Through-air bonding is one of the thermal methods of bonding fibers in the production of nonwoven webs, and they are widely used in disposable sanitary products, especially in the acquisition distribution layer of diapers. In this article, the through-air bonded nonwoven fabrics were successfully prepared by ethylene–propylene fibers (polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate (PE/PET)) and eccentric hollow fibers (PE/PET). The influence of process parameters such as the ratio of fibers was discussed for performance of through-air bonded nonwoven. Besides, the surface morphology, physical characteristics (thickness and breaking strength), air permeability, moisture permeation, liquid permeability, and absorption properties test of the nonwoven fabrics were investigated. The results demonstrated that the addition of eccentric hollow fiber increased the permeability, mechanical property, and the core absorption effect of the through-air bonded nonwovens. According to the results, the fabrics made of eccentric hollow fibers have good absorption and liquid transfer characteristics; the permeation time and wetback were found to be 0.85 s and 0.03 g, respectively.