bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Girdlestone Procedure: When and Why
Authors: Cordero-Ampuero José
Published: September 2012

Girdlestone is one of the options for treating an infected hip arthroplasty (along with isolated antibiotics, debridement, and one or two-stage exchange). The choice must be based on a list of previous considerations.

Results of girdlestone

Major differences among different series are reported in literature: from 13% to 83% of patients are satisfied with the result. Healing of infection is attained in 80% to 100% of patients, but figures are worse in special subsets (rheumatoid arthritis, enterococcal and methicillin-resistant infections, or when cement is retained). Pain is reported as severe in 16% to 33% of patients, moderate in 24% to 53% and mild in 76%, while only some authors refer to “satisfactory pain relief”. Up to 45% of geriatric patients are unable to walk and only 29% walk independently. The literature reports Harris Hip scores from 25 to 64.

Indications for girdlestone

Absolute indications: non-ambulatory patients because of other problems or diseases, and impossible reimplantation (2nd-stage surgery) (unacceptable anaesthetic or surgical risk, technical difficulties, patient rejection).

Relative indications

Dementia (risk of dislocation vs. severely reduced walking ability), immunocompromise (up to what degree of immune impairment do we accept to take the risk?), intravenous drug abuse (how can you prove it?)
Incidence and Outcome after Infection of Megaprostheses
Authors: Pilge Hakan , Gradl Guntmar , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Gollwitzer Hans
Published: September 2012

Recent advances in chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant bone tumours as well as the consistent increase of revision arthroplasties have been followed by an increased use of megaprostheses. These large foreign bodies make infection a common and feared complication. Infection rates of 3 - 31% have been reported (average approx. 15%), often in conjunction with risk factors, e.g. the anatomic region (pelvis implants in particular), implant alloy, and underlying reason for implantation of a megaprosthesis. Apart from the basic principles of septic revision arthroplasty, special patient and implant factors have to be considered in infected megaprosthesis, which we have summarised in our paper (e.g. life expectancy, implant design, spacers and external stabilisation). This article further analyses the current literature available for these cases and summarises outcome after treatment of periprosthetic infections.
Design and Development of Walk-In Type Hemicylindrical Solar Tunnel Dryer for Industrial Use
Authors: Seveda M. S.
Published: September 2012

This paper deals with the critical design specifications and field performance of walk in type hemicylindrical solar tunnel dryer for drying 1500vkg industrial product (dibasic calcium phosphate) in actual use. A tunnel like framed structural covered with UV-stabilized polythene sheet walk-in type solar tunnel dryer was designed, developed, and commissioned at Udaipur (27∘ 42′  N, 75∘ 33′  E), Rajasthan, India with a solar collector area of 134.74 m2 for drying di-basic calcium phosphate, having an initial moisture content of 62.87% dry basis and to get a desired moisture content of 10.62% dry basis within two days. The performance of solar tunnel dryer for drying di-basic calcium phosphate was evaluated through no-load and full-load conditions tests in the summer and winter months. The results were shown in terms of the variation of air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, air flow rate, moisture content, drying rate, and so forth.
Wave Scattering by Small Undulation on the Porous Bottom of an Ocean in the Presence of Surface Tension
Authors: Panda Srikumar , Samantaray Sudhanshu Shekhar , Martha S. C.
Published: September 2012

The scattering of incident surface water waves due to small bottom undulation on
the porous bed of a laterally unbounded ocean in the presence of surface tension at the free
surface is investigated within the framework of two-dimensional linearized water wave theory.
Perturbation analysis in conjunction with the Fourier transform technique is employed to derive
the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape
function c(x) representing the bottom undulation. One special type of bottom topography is
considered as an example and the related coefficients are determined in detail. These coefficients
are presented in graphical forms. The theoretical observations are validated computationally.
The results for the problem involving scattering of water waves by bottom deformations on an
impermeable ocean bed are obtained as a particular case.
The Strategic Samaritan: How Effectiveness and Proximity Affect Corporate Responses to External Crises
Authors: Jordan Jennifer , Diermeier Daniel A. , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: September 2012

This research examines how two dimensions of moral intensity involved in a corporation’s external crisis response—magnitude of effectiveness and interpersonal proximity—influence observer perceptions of and behavioral intentions toward the corporation. Across three studies, effectiveness decreased negative perceptions and increased pro-organizational intentions via ethical judgment of the response. Moreover, the two dimensions interacted such that a response high in proximity but low in effectiveness led to more negative perceptions and to less pro-organizational intentions. This interaction was particularly pronounced if the corporation portrayed itself as communal-oriented. The interaction was mediated by individuals’ ethical judgment, which was a function of the corporation’s perceived benevolent concern. We termed the interaction the Strategic Samaritan, for it was when the corporation tried to appear like a Good Samaritan, displaying proximity with victims but not accompanying it with effective help, that it was seen as acting with less benevolent concern.
Ultrasonography and Reproduction in Buffalo
Authors: Terzano Giuseppina Maria
Published: September 2012

Ultrasonography is a simple, reliable and non-invasive imaging technique without secondary effects. Application of real time ultrasonography in veterinary practice has developed to become the most efficient diagnostic tool for managing reproduction. The objectives of current work are to offer an overview of the uses and utility of ultrasonography for the buffalo evaluation of physiological and pathological conditions and for the application of assisted reproductive technologies. Assessment of pregnancy status and fetal viability early postbreeding to identify cows that fail to conceive improves reproductive efficiency by decreasing the interval between artificial insemination services and increasing artificial insemination service rate. Ovarian and uterine pathologies, not accurately detected via rectal palpation, can easily be visualized by ultrasound and appropriate therapies can be implemented. Determination of fetal sex in utero is useful when coupled with a management decision that justifies the expense of fetal sexing. Development of integrated reproductive management systems that combine ultrasound with new and existing reproductive technologies will further enhance the practical applications of ultrasonography. Development of extension education programs to train practitioners to use ultrasound for routine reproductive examinations is a critical step toward rapid implementation of this technology into the dairy industry.
Triple journée de travail des mères d’enfants ayant une incapacité invisible
Authors: Home Alice , Pearce Stéphanie
Published: September 2012

Les mères d’enfants ayant des incapacités sont plus présentes qu’autrefois sur le marché du travail. Toutefois, leurs expériences sont méconnues. Cet article présente des résultats d’entrevues effectuées auprès de onze mères franco-ontariennes qui cumulent un emploi et les soins à dispenser à un enfant ayant le trouble d’hyperactivité avec déficit de l’attention (THADA). Ces mères vivent plusieurs défis reliés aux comportements de l’enfant et aux attitudes négatives. Ces deux défis ont beaucoup d’impact sur leur vie familiale, personnelle et professionnelle. Compte tenu du fardeau et du peu de soutien disponible, elles doivent accomplir une triple journée de travail ou faire des concessions sur le plan de leur carrière.
Au-delà de l’argent et de l’emploi. Stratégies d’intervention quant à la migration des jeunes non-métropolitains
Authors: LeBlanc Patrice
Published: September 2012

Cet article examine différentes interventions pour agir positivement sur le phénomène de la migration des jeunes, interventions proposées par le Partenariat rural canadien, le Conseil permanent de la jeunesse et la stratégie Migraction du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Après avoir fait ressortir les forces et les faiblesses de ces interventions, l’auteur propose une grille tridimensionnelle organisée autour des lieux, des temps et des âges de la migration permettant de mieux cibler les actions à entreprendre. Plutôt que de simplement créer de l’emploi pour les jeunes et de leur donner des conditions fiscales avantageuses pour s’établir en dehors des grands centres urbains, il est proposé de travailler sur le développement d’un sentiment d’appartenance, sur le maintien d’un lien avec les jeunes migrants, sur leur insertion professionnelle et résidentielle dans leur milieu d’origine ainsi que sur leur intégration sociale.
Cuisines collectives : modèle alternatif d’organisation sociale et économique
Authors: Mongrain Manon
Published: September 2012

De plus en plus récupérée dans le contexte de la sécurité alimentaire, la cuisine collective se débat contre de vives poussées vers la marginalisation, la stigmatisation et l'exclusion. Cet article présente le portrait de cuisines collectives de la Basse-ville d'Ottawa qui s'inscrivent en rupture de la vision souvent trop réductionniste de la cuisine collective. Les artisanes et les artisans de cet aménagement collectif le conçoivent comme une étape acheminant à l'autonomie plutôt que comme une fin en soi avec pour objectifs ultimes de satisfaire des besoins nutritifs et d'assurer le développement de bonnes habitudes alimentaires. Animée d'un concept central, soit le statut d'actrice et d'acteur, la cuisine collective se positionne parmi les sources d'influence qui tentent de définir sa nature pour privilégier une définition socialisée, où la reprise du pouvoir est l'objectif ultime.
Les jeunes et leurs visions du féminisme
Authors: Bernier Christiane , Mallet Renée C.
Published: September 2012

Nous présentons, dans cet article, une partie des résultats d’une enquête qui portait sur les opinions des jeunes, particulièrement des jeunes femmes, sur le féminisme. Cette enquête a été effectuée auprès d’étudiantes et d’étudiants inscrits dans divers programmes de baccalauréat. Les résultats présentés ici démontrent que les jeunes femmes d’aujourd’hui donnent, dans l’ensemble, une définition relativement favorable du féminisme, mais ne semblent pas voir comme nécessaire leur implication dans le mouvement.
Les défis de l’intervention interculturelle en milieu minoritaire de langue française en Ontario
Authors: Kérisit Michèle
Published: September 2012

Cet article explore les tensions qui président à l’insertion des nouveaux arrivants de languefrançaise dans la communauté franco-ontarienne et leur impact sur la façon dont on peutaborder l’intervention interculturelle en milieu minoritaire francophone en Ontario. Les défisde l’intervention naissent d’une part d’une logique politique forgée dans l’histoire des relationsentre anglophones et francophones nés au Canada, logique sur laquelle les nouveaux arrivantsont peu de prise; d’autre part, une logique proprement identitaire qui tend à créer des «forteresses»difficilement accessibles aux nouveaux venus. Pourtant, selon l’auteure, nous sommes tousmultiples et devrions utiliser la multiplicité de nos identités — en particulier notre expériencede minoritaires - afin de créer des ponts.
Santé mentale et suicide des jeunes
Authors: Mvilongo Anselme , Beauvolsk Michel-André
Published: September 2012

Le suicide est un acte volontaire posé par un sujet individuel. Il est toutefois très souvent associé à la maladie mentale, à un déséquilibre mental, car on conçoit difficilement qu’unepersonne mentalement bien équilibrée se donne la mort.Dans cet article, les auteurs veulent attirer l’attention du lecteur et de la lectrice sur lesfacteurs intrinsèques à la personne du suicidé. Ces facteurs qui ne témoignent pas nécessairementd’un bon équilibre psychique, psychologique et d’ajustement à la réalité — ce qui pourraitdéfinir la santé mentale — naissent souvent de facteurs de vulnérabilité qui viennent del’environnement social et qui sont nourris par ces mêmes facteurs. Ces derniers portent tous eneux le germe de la maladie mentale. C’est pourquoi le suicide, bien qu’il soit un acte volontaire,est associé à la maladie mentale. On ne saurait ainsi traiter de la même manière la mort del’halluciné qui se précipite d’une fenêtre élevée parce qu’il la croit à la hauteur du sol, et cellede l’homme, sain d’esprit, qui se frappe en sachant ce qu’il fait. Les auteurs arrivent à cetteconclusion après avoir analysé deux formes de suicide pour montrer le lien entre la maladiementale et l’acte suicidaire.
Transformations contemporaines de la paternité : la fin du patriarcat?
Authors: Côté Denyse
Published: September 2012

Le modèle du père seul responsable de l'autorité, de la discipline et du pourvoi au sein de sa famille est en voie de disparition et de remplacement par celui du « père soignant ». La nouvelle fluidité des rôles parentaux, la mobilité accrue des mères (entre la famille et le marché du travail, entre conjoints et ex-conjoints, entre famille intacte et recomposée) auraient-elles sonné le glas de la famille patriarcale en Occident? Le patriarcat est-il désormais relégué aux oubliettes de l'histoire? Cet article propose une analyse sociologique de la paternité et de son évolution récente en regard du concept du patriarcat dans le contexte des sociétés occidentales contemporaines.
Évolution de la végétation macrophytique et trophie dans deux ruisseaux du bassin hydrographique de la molignée (condroz, belgique)
Authors: Bouxin Guy
Published: September 2012

La végétation aquatique amphibie et supra-aquatique d’un ruisseau (appelé Molignée) et de son principal affluent (appelé Flavion), d’un bassin hydrographique du sud de la Belgique, a été étudiée en 1994 et en 2005 dans la rivière principale, et en 1995 et 2006 dans l’affluent. Les lits mineurs des ruisseaux ont été découpés en 50 et 36 sections contiguës de 500 mètres de longueur dans la Molignée et dans le Flavion respectivement. Dans chaque section, la végétation a été décrite et divers paramètres mésologiques des lits mineur et majeur ont été enregistrés. En 2005 et 2006, les bryophytes aquatiques et amphibies, ainsi que les algues filamenteuses, ont aussi été enregistrées. L’analyse statistique des données fut réalisée à partir des fichiers de macrophytes aquatiques et amphibies au moyen d’analyses multivariées, comme l’analyse non symétrique des correspondances. Les ensembles contenant des tableaux floristiques et mésologiques juxtaposés ont été analysés au moyen de l’analyse factorielle multiple. L’indice biologique macrophytique (IBMR) a été calculé dans chaque section. Les résultats montrent, sur une période de 11 ans, une diminution de fréquence de plusieurs espèces de berge et des changements importants dans la végétation liée au milieu aquatique. Ces changements consistent en une augmentation d’espèces favorisées par la pollution organique et une régression d’espèces intolérantes à cette pollution. Les fermes, le piétinement par le bétail, la pollution domestique ou l’urbanisation sont des facteurs corrélés à ces changements. L’apport des diverses techniques et des propositions de gestion est discuté.
Décoloration des effluents par des structures adsorbantes générées par électrocoagulation avec des électrodes d’aluminium et de fer
Authors: Zidane Fatiha , Qassid Fakhreddine , El Basri Soumia , Bensaid Jalila , Drogui Patrick , Blais Jean-François
Published: September 2012

La présence de colorants dans les effluents industriels constitue un problème important dans plusieurs pays. Les industries qui rejettent de tels composés sont principalement les industries textiles et les industries de pâtes et papiers. La décharge de tels effluents dans le milieu récepteur cause une demande excessive en oxygène et ceux-ci doivent par conséquent être traités avant tout rejet dans l’environnement. Cette étude propose une nouvelle option pour le traitement de ce type de pollution, soit la décoloration par utilisation de structures adsorbantes produites préalablement par électrocoagulation avec des électrodes de fer et d’aluminium. Trois structures ont ainsi été synthétisées dans un électrolyte support constitué de 10-2 mol NaCl•L-1. Les trois structures synthétisées ont été analysées par diffraction des rayons X (DRX) et microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB). Ces analyses ont montré la présence dominante de bayerite (Al(OH)3) dans la structure produite à partir d’électrodes d’aluminium et de magnétite (Fe3O4) et lépidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH)) dans la structure générée à partir d’électrodes de fer. Le composé généré en utilisant les deux types d’électrodes contient, pour sa part, de la bayerite et de la goethite (α-FeO(OH)). Un suivi de la décoloration a été réalisé dans des solutions acides (pHi = 4,8) et alcaline (pHi = 9,8) contaminées par un colorant diazoïque ([Trypan bleu]i = 3,75 mg•L-1). Les résultats obtenus ont montré l’efficacité de ces structures, avec des rendements de décoloration compris entre 94 et 99 %, et un rendement d’élimination de la DCO pouvant atteindre 96 %, selon le pH du milieu.
Impact de la réutilisation des eaux usées épurées en irrigation : analyse ionique des lixiviats
Authors: Mouhanni Hind , Hamdi Hassan , Bendou Abdelaziz , Benzine Lhoussine , Cavalli Eric
Published: September 2012

Au Maroc, pays du pourtour méditerranéen, les ressources en eau sont limitées et inégalement réparties dans l’espace et dans le temps. Agadir, ville du sud du Maroc, fait partie de la région du Souss connue pour ses activités d’agriculture et de pêche. La région est connue par un climat semi-aride et un grand déficit hydrique.

Afin de préserver la qualité des masses d’eau et pour diminuer les prélèvements dans le milieu naturel, il convient de chercher des approvisionnements alternatifs. La réutilisation des eaux usées épurées semble être une bonne alternative, notamment en irrigation.

Le potentiel actuel des eaux usées traitées par la station d’épuration (STEP) M’Zar du Grand Agadir-Maroc, susceptibles d’être utilisées sans restriction pour l’irrigation (catégorie A suivant les normes de l’OMS : Organisation Mondiale de la Santé), est de 10 000 m3•jr-1. Cette capacité de production permettra de combler entièrement les besoins en eau d’irrigation des espaces verts du Grand Agadir. Cette étude concerne l’évaluation des effets de la réutilisation des eaux usées épurées (EUE) en comparaison avec les eaux de la nappe pour l’irrigation des golfs. Elle présente la planification, le protocole et les résultats du suivi des analyses physicochimiques des lixiviats qui sont menés pour évaluer les effets de la réutilisation des eaux usées épurées, pour l’irrigation des golfs pendant les 60 premiers jours d’irrigation. Les analyses ioniques des lixiviats permettent de conclure que, malgré la grande valeur fertilisante des EUE, une légère salinité a été remarquée, laquelle est accentuée par l’entraînement des sels solubles du sol vers la nappe phréatique lors de l’irrigation par les EUE.
Fluoride contamination - Artificial neural network modeling and inverse distance weighting approach
Authors: Dar Imran Ahmad , Sankar K. , Dar Mithas Ahmad , Majumder Mrinmoy
Published: September 2012

The underground waters in the Mamundiyar basin, India, present real chemical quality problems. Their fluoride content always exceeds the recommended levels. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method has been used for spatial interpolation of various key chemical parameters. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling was applied to understand the correlation and sensitivity of all chemical parameters with respect to fluorides. The correlation of all the considered parameters is found to be poor where the highest correlation observed was only 0.37. This result showed that four of the parameters, namely pH, chlorides, sulphates and calcium, were found to have greater capacity of influencing fluorides than the other eight parameters. Chlorides were found to be the parameter that was the most sensitive and most correlated to fluorides.
Genetic characterization, based on microsatellite loci, of Solea senegalensis (Soleidae, Pleuronectiformes) in Atlantic coast populations of the SW Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Díaz-Ferguson E , Cross I , Barrios M , Pino A , Castro J , Bouza C , Martínez P , Rebordinos L
Published: September 2012

The Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, is an important commercial flatfish species with major fisheries located off the Atlantic coast of the SW Iberian Peninsula. Past information about the genetic structure and connectivity among natural populations of this species has been restricted to mitochondrial DNA analysis. The present analysis of eight natural Atlantic populations fished from Lisbon to the Gulf of Cádiz, using nine microsatellite loci, identifies high intrapopulation genetic variability. Out of 72 tests performed, a total of 19 statistically significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) expectations (24%), and 7 after Bonferroni corrections (9%), were observed in the populations examined. Most deviations from H-W expectations were caused by heterozygote deficiencies (positive Fis values) attributed to null alleles predominantly occurring in two loci (Sol GA12 and Sol MIJ) and one population (Río San Pedro). Pairwise genetic differentiation among populations was only found in comparisons involving Río San Pedro samples (five out of seven comparisons) and Barbate samples (two out of seven comparisons). The observed genetic structure complements existing information from mitochondrial data and should contribute to future management of fisheries of this species, since some fisheries are not environmentally sustainable.
Experimental recruitment of the Brazilian endemic coral Mussismilia braziliensis and conditioning of settlement plates
Authors: Segal B , Berenguer V , Castro CB
Published: September 2012

Reef restoration initiatives have been proposed all over the world during the last decades, a few based on sexual coral reproduction. The present study aimed at defining the minimal time required to condition artificial substrates to enhance larval settlement of the coral Mussismilia braziliensis. Ceramic tiles were conditioned at the reef for different periods (0 [control], 6, 10, 20, and 30 weeks), and the fouling community was analyzed. The tiles were dominated by turf algae and crustose coralline algae (CCA) in all age treatments; plates 20 and 30 weeks old were statistically different than newer ones, having less turf algae and more CCA. When exposed to the different treatments, larvae of M. braziliensis recruited poorly on 6-week plates, and no spat were found on control plates. Our results highlight the importance of an adequate period of conditioning to optimize coral settlement. Although we are far from understanding the complex processes driving larval settlement, establishing baseline conditions for experiments is of foremost importance, even for conservation and management activities of coral reefs.
Diversity of migratory environmental history of the mullets Mugil cephalus and M. curema in Mexican coastal waters as indicated by otolith Sr:Ca ratios
Authors: Ibáñez AL , Chang CW , Hsu CC , Wang CH , Iizuka Y , Tzeng WN
Published: September 2012

To understand their migratory environmental history and habitat use in Mexican waters, 31 striped mullet Mugil cephalus and 40 white mullet M. curema (family Mugilidae) were collected from three habitats (Tamiahua Lagoon, and Cazones and Tecolutla estuaries, Veracruz) in the western Gulf of Mexico. Sr:Ca ratios in otoliths of mullets were measured from the primordium to the otolith edge with an electron probe microanalyzer. Mullets were aged by counting the otolith annuli. The patterns in mullet otolith Sr:Ca ratio differed among habitats and between species, indicating that habitat use and migratory behavior differed between species. Variability in otolith Sr:Ca ratios was consistent with that of the environment inhabited by the mullets. They showed a more diverse euryhaline preference than the simple catadromous behavior expected. The Sr:Ca ratios in the core region of the otolith indicated that mullets can spawn in both offshore waters and nearshore brackish waters, or that spawning may occur in offshore waters and that onshore currents/winds carry the fertilized eggs into onshore waters where salinities are lower. Peak Sr:Ca ratios corresponded to otolith annulus deposition, which validated the difference in timing of seaward spawning migration between striped mullet (winter) and white mullet (spring).
Using a Large Language Model to Identify Adolescent Patient Portal Account Access by Guardians
Authors: Liang April S. , Vedak Shivam , Dussaq Alex , Yao Dong-Han , Morse Keith , Ip Wui , Pageler Natalie M.
Published: June 2024

This diagnostic/prognostic study assesses the ability of a large language model (LLM) to detect guardian authorship of messages originating from adolescent patient portals.
Prostate Cancer Among Black Men in Canada
Authors: Albers Patrick , Bashir Safaa , Mookerji Nikhile , Broomfield Stacey , Martín Anaïs Medina , Ghosh Sunita , Kinnaird Adam
Published: June 2024

Importance

Prostate cancer is a prevalent disease among men worldwide, exhibiting substantial heterogeneity in presentation and outcomes influenced by various factors, including race and ethnicity. Disparities in incidence, stage at diagnosis, and survival rates have been observed between Black men and those of other races and ethnicities.

Objective

To compare prostate cancer outcomes between Black men and men with other race (Asian, Hispanic, Indigenous, Middle Eastern, White, Multiracial, and Other) in a universal health care system, with race and ethnicity self-reported.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a prospective, observational cohort study of men diagnosed with prostate cancer between June 1, 2014, and August 28, 2023, who self-identified race and ethnicity. Participants included men who had been prospectively enrolled in the Alberta Prostate Cancer Research Initiative from the 2 major urology referral centers in Alberta (University of Alberta and University of Calgary). All men with prostate cancer enrolled in the initiative were included.

Exposure

Race and ethnicity.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the stage and grade of prostate cancer at diagnosis. Further outcomes included age and prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis, initial treatment modality, time from diagnosis to initial treatment, and prostate cancer–specific, metastasis-free, and overall survivals.

Results

A total of 6534 men were included; 177 (2.7%) were Black, and 6357 (97.3%) had another race or ethnicity. Men who identified as Black were diagnosed with prostate cancer at an earlier age (mean [SD], 62.0 [8.2] compared with 64.6 [7.7] years; P < .001) and had a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index rating (14% compared with 7% ≤ 1; P < .001) compared with men of other races. Men who identified as Black had similar prostate-specific antigen levels at diagnosis, TNM category (74% vs 74% with T1-T2; P = .83) and Gleason Grade Group (34% compared with 35% Gleason Grade Group 1; P = .63). Black men had similar rates of prostate cancer–specific (hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% CI, 0.41-2.97; P = .85), metastasis-free (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.42-1.46; P = .44), and overall (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.25-1.24; P = .15) survival.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that Black men, despite being diagnosed at a younger age, experience comparable prostate cancer outcomes compared with men of other races.
Hybrid deep architecture for intrusion detection in cyber‐physical system: An optimization‐based approach
Authors: Arumugam Sajeev Ram , Paul P. Mano , Issac Berin Jeba Jingle , Ananth J. P.
Published: June 2024

Intrustion Detection System (IDS) refers to the gear or software that monitors a network or system for malicious activity or policy violations. Periodically, the system records any intrusion action or breach, which frequently modifies the administrator. Cyber Physical System (CPS) is particularly called as networked connected system, in which the system components are spatially distributed and integrated via the communication network. The control mechanism ensures computation significance; however, the system does affect attacks. Researchers are trying to handle this issue via the existing anomaly datasets. In this way, this paper follows an intrusion detection system under three major stages including extraction of features, selection of feature, and detection. The primary stage is the extraction of Statistical features like standard deviation, mean, mode, variance, and median, as well as higher‐order statistical features like moment, percentile, improved correlation, kurtosis, mutual information, skewness, flow‐based features, and information gain‐based features. The curse of dimensionality becomes a significant problem in this scenario, so it is crucial to choose the right features. Improved Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is utilized to choose the right features. The selected features are subjected to a Hybrid classifier for final detection. Here, models like CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and Bi‐GRU (Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit) are combined. A new Bernoulli Map Estimated Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (BMEAOA) is added to train the system by adjusting the ideal weights of the two classifiers, leading to improved detection outcomes. Ultimately, the effectiveness is assessed in comparison to the other traditional techniques.
All‐Natural Self‐Bonded Biocomposite Providing Superior Electromagnetic Interference Shield Performance with Effective Absorption
Authors: Li Suiyi , Du Yingkuan , Ye Haoran , Wu Jiamin , Wang Yang , Liang Yunyi , Zhu Mingwei , Lam Su Shiung , Liu Chuangwei , Li Jianzhang , Xia Changlei
Published: June 2024

The development of electronics and telecommunication technologies requires high‐performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to mitigate the rising concern of electromagnetic pollution. In this work, a novel partial dissolution approach is reported to fabricate an all‐natural eco‐friendly high‐strength cellulose/biochar (Cel@BC) composite showing excellent EMI shielding performance due to its densely crosslinking conductive core–shell structure. This results in a high conductivity of 130.9 S m−1, providing ultra‐high metal‐level EMI shielding effectiveness ≈72.4 dB. Absorption effectiveness reaches a maximum of 68.2 dB with electromagnetic waves absorbance >40%, featuring an obvious advantage over traditional reflecting‐dominated metals. This Cel@BC biocomposite presents lower environmental impacts than existing metals and petrochemical‐based plastics, as it biodegrades into carbon‐sequestering biochar. These outstanding EMI shielding properties and advantageous eco‐friendly nature make it an excellent cost‐efficient alternative to existing shielding materials on the market.
Revolutionizing Implantable Technology: Biocompatible Supercapacitors as the Future of Power Sources
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Karekar Smita V. , Safarkhani Moein , Patil Amar M. , Shinde Pragati A. , Ambade Rohan B. , Kim Jang‐Kyo , Han Young‐Kyu , Huh Yun‐Suk , Ghaferi Amal al , Alhajri Ebrahim
Published: June 2024

Almost all implantable electronic medical devices (IEMDs) are powered by bulky Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), limiting their miniaturization and lifespan advancements. In addition, LIBs contain toxic materials and flammable electrolytes that are dangerous if they leak into human organs. In this context, there is an urgent need to explore new approaches and concepts that can address the critical challenges of designing novel electrochemical energy storage systems and gain a mechanistic understanding of the phenomena taking place in diverse scenarios. This review summarizes recent advancements in biocompatible supercapacitors (B‐SCs) as a power source for various IEMDs, offering a potential solution to these challenges. Different types of IEMDs and their power requirements are briefly discussed, along with challenges arising from energy storage systems and their applications in IEMDs. Given the importance of electrode materials in determining the electrochemical performance of B‐SCs in terms of energy and power densities, different electrode materials and their developments are systematically reviewed. Finally, new insights are offered into potential opportunities and future prospects for the rational design of next‐generation B‐SCs.
Efficient Dual‐Functional Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with UV‐Vis‐NIR Broad‐Spectrum Photosensitivity
Authors: Pan Youjiang , Hu Hailong , Yang Kaiyu , Chen Wei , Lin Lihua , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan
Published: June 2024

Photosensitive quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (PSQLEDs) possess the dual capabilities of generating and detecting light signals, which is of significant importance for the development of miniaturized and integrated optoelectronic devices. However, the state‐of‐the‐art PSQLEDs can only detect light signals within a certain wavelength range, and require switching between the two functions under different bias voltage directions. In this work, The use of a ZnO/quantum dots (QDs)/ZnO multilayer (ZQZ ML) architecture as both the electron transport layer and the photosensitive layer is pioneered. The QDs in this structure are composed of narrow‐bandgap lead sulfide QDs and wide‐bandgap cadmium selenide QDs, successfully realizing a unique PSQLED device with C photosensitive characteristics. As a result, the as‐fabricated device can respond to illumination from 365 to 1300 nm, and the device achieves a photoresponse rate of 20.9 mA W−1 in self‐powered mode to UV light. After UV light irradiation, the maximum external quantum efficiency and maximum luminance of device reached 11.8% and 64,549 cd m−2, respectively. The device shows a record‐high luminance ON/OFF ratio of 5500%, which is beneficial for high contrast and accurate information display.
Bond Force Constants and Bulk Modulus of Strongest Boron Nitride Fullerenes
Authors: Tapia Jorge A. , Villanueva César , Peón‐Escalante Ricardo , Quintal‐Palomo Roberto E. , Peñuñuri Francisco , Zambrano‐Arjona Miguel A. , Cab César
Published: June 2024

For the first time, dedicated stretching bond force constant (kr), and bulk modulus () of small boron nitride fullerenes (BNFLs) or BxNx cages (x = 12, 16, 20, 24, and 36) are determined using density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that for the set of selected BNFLs, their kr and values are found to be within the ranges 5.139–5.738 mdyn Å−1 and 0.645–1.217 TPa respectively. The behavior of the mechanical properties of BNFLs shows that kr values increase for larger BNFLs, whereas the predicted values increase with decreased BNFL diameters. It is notable to find that some values for these properties are found with magnitudes greater than those reported for some carbon nanostructures. The kr and values predicted by DFT can be used as an input for structural models to describe the elastic behavior of BNFLs, contributing to the understanding of the mechanical properties of BNFLs and potentiating their applications in various areas of nanotechnology.
Strategies to Enhance the Stability of Non‐Fullerene Acceptor‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Choppella Sairathna , Haseena Sheik , Ravva Mahesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Through comprehensive density functional theory calculations, the photodegradation mechanisms, including cis–trans isomerization, electrocyclization, and sigmatropic rearrangement reactions are investigated in indacenodithieno [3,2‐b] thiophene (IT)‐based non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Various functional group substitutions on the core (fluorine, ethyl, and cyano groups) and end groups (fluorine) of NFA are introduced to elucidate the influence of chemical modifications on photodegradation pathways. The findings reveal that the core substitution can effectively suppress electrocyclization and 1,5‐sigmatropic shift reactions, which are major contributors to photodegradation. Furthermore, the electronic, excited‐state, and charge transport properties of pristine and degraded products are studied to gain insights into the impact of degradation on photovoltaic parameters. The results suggest that photodegradation leads to the formation of shallow energy trap states, hindering charge transport and increasing charge recombination, ultimately affecting the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). The study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of photodegradation mechanisms but also offers valuable molecular design strategies to enhance the stability of NFAs for future large‐scale applications of OSCs. By establishing a clear connection between the chemical structure and photostability of NFA, this research represents a pivotal contribution to the field of organic electronics and sustainable energy technologies.
Mastering Surface Sulfidation of MnP‐MnO2 Heterostructure to Facilitate Efficient Polysulfide Conversion in Li─S Batteries
Authors: Liang Fengxing , Deng Qiao , Ning Shunyan , He Huibing , Wang Nannan , Zhu Yanqiu , Zhu Jinliang
Published: June 2024

The development of lithium–sulfur (Li─S) batteries has been hampered by the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). An effective method to address this issue is to use an electrocatalyst to accelerate the catalytic conversion of LiPSs. In this study, heterogeneous MnP‐MnO2 nanoparticles are uniformly synthesized and embedded in porous carbon (MnP‐MnO2/C) as core catalysts to improve the reaction kinetics of LiPSs. In situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the MnP‐MnO2 heterostructure undergo surface sulfidation during the charge/discharge process, forming the MnS2 phase. Surface sulfidation of the MnP‐MnO2 heterostructure catalyst significantly accelerated the SRR and Li2S activation, effectively inhibiting the LiPSs shuttling effect. Consequently, the MnP‐MnO2/C@S cathode achieves outstanding rate performance (10 C, 500 mAh g−1) and ultrahigh cycling stability (0.017% decay rate per cycle for 2000 cycles at 5 C). A pouch cell with MnP‐MnO2/C@S cathode delivers a high energy density of 429 Wh kg−1. This study may provide a new approach to investigating the surface sulfidation of electrocatalysts, which is valuable for advancing high‐energy‐density Li−S batteries.
A self‐assembled nanomedicine for glucose supply interruption‐amplified low‐temperature photothermal therapy and anti‐prometastatic inflammatory processes of triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Yi Huixi , Zhan Zhixiong , Feng Zitong , Yang Gang‐Gang , Zheng Yue , Zhang Dong‐Yang
Published: June 2024

The poor prognosis of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) results from its high metastasis, whereas inflammation accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is prone to aggravate tumor metastasis. Although photothermal therapy (PTT) has extremely high therapeutic efficiency, the crafty tumor cells allow an increase in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to limit its effect, and PTT‐induced inflammation is also thought to be a potential trigger for tumor metastasis. Herein, myricetin, iron ions, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were utilized to develop nanomedicines by self‐assembly strategy for the treatment of metastatic TNBC. The nanomedicines with marvelous water solubility and dispersion can inhibit glucose transporter 1 and interfere with mitochondrial function to block the energy supply of tumor cells, achieving starvation therapy on TNBC cells. Nanomedicines with excellent photothermal conversion properties allow down‐regulating the expression of HSPs to enhance the effect of PTT. Interestingly, the broad spectrum of ROS scavenging ability of nanomedicines successfully attenuates PTT‐induced inflammation as well as influences hypoxia‐inducible factors‐1α/3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase 1 related pathway through glycometabolism inhibition to reduce tumor cell metastasis. Moreover, the nanomedicines have negligible side effects and good clinical application prospects, which provides a valuable paradigm for the treatment of metastatic TNBC through glycometabolism interference, anti‐inflammation, starvation, and photothermal synergistic therapy.
Diagnostic role of sonography in early detection and surgical intervention of an epidural abscess: A case report
Authors: Cheong Issac , Tamagnone Francisco Marcelo
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Intracranial epidural abscesses require swift diagnosis and treatment. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferred for its detailed visualisation, it is costly and time‐consuming. Transcranial sonography offers a rapid, portable and cost‐effective alternative for assessing brain lesions.

Methods

We present a case study involving the diagnosis and management of an intracranial epidural abscess in a 25‐year‐old man with a traumatic brain injury who underwent a craniectomy and later developed fever and drowsiness in the intensive care unit.

Results

Using transcranial point‐of‐care ultrasound, a hypoechoic collection was identified at the surgical site, prompting further imaging with computed tomography (CT) and MRI, which confirmed the diagnosis of an epidural abscess. Prompt surgical intervention led to the resolution of symptoms and a favourable clinical outcome.

Conclusion

This case highlights the potential utility of brain sonography as an efficient and cost‐effective initial diagnostic tool for detecting intracranial complications, particularly in postoperative patients with altered sensorium and fever, where timely intervention is crucial.
Asymmetric Local Electric Field Induced by Dual Heteroatoms on Copper Boosts Efficient CO2 Reduction Over Ultrawide Potential Window
Authors: Xie Feng , Wang Zhen , Kao Cheng‐Wei , Lan Jiao , Lu Ying‐Rui , Tan Yongwen
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 powered by renewable electricity provides an elegant route for converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and feedstocks, but normally suffers from a high overpotential and low selectivity. Herein, Ag and Sn heteroatoms were simultaneously introduced into nanoporous Cu (np‐Ag/Sn−Cu) mainly in the form of an asymmetric local electric field for CO2 electroreduction to CO in an aqueous solution. The designed np‐Ag/Sn−Cu catalyst realizes a recorded 90 % energy efficiency and a 100 % CO Faradaic efficiency over ultrawide potential window (ΔE=1.4 V), outperforming state‐of‐the‐art Au and Ag‐based catalysts. Density functional theory calculations combined with in situ spectroscopy studies reveal that Ag and Sn heteroatoms incorporated into Cu matrix could generate strong and asymmetric local electric field, which promotes the activation of CO2 molecules, enhances the stabilization of the *COOH intermediate, and suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction, thus favoring the production of CO during CO2RR.
Aryl structural effect on the photoinitiation abilities of aryl glycine derivatives for polymerization upon exposure to blue light
Authors: Lai H. , Peng X. , Zhu D. , Zhang J. , Xiao P.
Published: June 2024

The design and development of photoinitiating systems applicable to visible light delivered from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted increasing attention owing to the wide application of photopolymerization. In this study, four aryl glycine derivatives are designed and synthesized, and their applicability as visible light‐sensitive photoinitiators is thoroughly investigated. Specifically, the photoinitiation mechanism of these aryl glycine derivatives, when combined with iodonium salt, is investigated using steady‐state photolysis, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping techniques. It is revealed that radicals can be generated from aryl glycine derivatives/iodonium salt combinations upon exposure to blue LEDs (410 and 445 nm) to induce free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of (meth)acrylates. Additionally, besides FRP, a photobase generator based on one of the investigated aryl glycine derivatives is synthesized and demonstrates the capability to initiate epoxy‐thiol polymerization under light irradiation. The remarkable photolatent characteristics demonstrate the significant potential in broadening the application of aryl glycine derivatives in controlled photopolymerization processes.
Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib or Elsubrutinib Alone or in Combination for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Merrill Joan T. , Tanaka Yoshiya , D'Cruz David , Vila‐Rivera Karina , Siri Daniel , Zeng Xiaofeng , Saxena Amit , Aringer Martin , D'Silva Kristin M. , Cheng Ling , Mohamed Mohamed‐Eslam F. , Siovitz Lucia , Bhatnagar Sumit , Gaudreau Marie‐Claude , Doan Thao T. , Friedman Alan
Published: June 2024

Objective

The 48‐week, phase 2 SLEek study (NCT03978520) evaluated the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib (JAK inhibitor) and elsubrutinib (BTK inhibitor) alone or in combination (ABBV‐599) in adults with moderately to severely active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to elsubrutinib 60 mg and upadacitinib 30 mg once daily (ABBV‐599 high dose), elsubrutinib 60 mg and upadacitinib 15 mg once daily (ABBV‐599 low dose), elsubrutinib 60 mg once daily (QD), upadacitinib 30 mg QD, or placebo QD. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving both Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index 4 (SRI‐4) and glucocorticoid dose ≤10 mg QD at week 24. Additional assessments through week 48 included British Isles Lupus Assessment Group‐Based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) and Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) responses, number of flares, time to first flare, and adverse events.

Results

The study enrolled 341 patients. The ABBV‐599 low dose and elsubrutinib arms were discontinued after a planned interim analysis showed lack of efficacy (no safety concerns). More patients achieved the primary endpoint with upadacitinib (54.8%; P = 0.028) and ABBV‐599 high dose (48.5%; P = 0.081) versus placebo (37.3%). SRI‐4, BICLA, and LLDAS response rates were higher for both upadacitinib and ABBV‐599 high dose versus placebo at weeks 24 and 48. Flares were reduced, and time to first flare through week 48 was substantially delayed with both upadacitinib and ABBV‐599 high dose versus placebo. No new safety signals were observed beyond those previously reported for upadacitinib or elsubrutinib.

Conclusion

Upadacitinib 30 mg alone or in combination with elsubrutinib (ABBV‐599 high dose) demonstrated significant improvements in SLE disease activity and reduced flares and were well tolerated through 48 weeks.

image