bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The surgical treatment of children with congenital convex foot (vertical talus)
Authors: Ramanoudjame M. , Loriaut P. , Seringe R. , Glorion C. , Wicart P.
Published: June 2014

In this study we evaluated the results of midtarsal release and open reduction for the treatment of children with convex congenital foot (CCF) (vertical talus) and compared them with the published results of peritalar release. Between 1977 and 2009, a total of 22 children (31 feet) underwent this procedure. In 15 children (48%) the CCF was isolated and in the remainder it was not (seven with arthrogryposis, two with spinal dysraphism, one with a polymalformative syndrome and six with an undefined neurological disorder).

Pre-operatively, the mean tibiotalar angle was 150.2° (106° to 175°) and the mean calcaneal pitch angle was -19.3° (-72° to 4°). The procedure included talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint capsulotomies, lengthening of tendons of tibialis anterior and the extensors of the toes, allowing reduction of the midtarsal joints. Lengthening of the Achilles tendon was necessary in 23 feet (74%).

The mean follow-up was 11 years (2 to 21). The results, as assessed by the Adelaar score, were good in 24 feet (77.4%), fair in six (19.3%) and poor in one foot (3.3%), with no difference between those with isolated CCF and those without. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot score was 89.9 (54 to 100) and 77.8 (36 to 93) for those with isolated CCF and those without, respectively. At the final follow-up, the mean tibiotalar (120°; 90 to 152) and calcaneal pitch angles (4°; -13 to 22) had improved significantly (p < 0.0001). Dislocation of the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints was completely reduced in 22 (70.9%) and 29 (93.6%) of feet, respectively. Three children (five feet) underwent further surgery at a mean of 8.5 years post-operatively, three with pes planovalgus and two in whom the deformity had been undercorrected. No child developed avascular necrosis of the talus.

Midtarsal joint release and open reduction is a satisfactory procedure, which may provide better results than peritalar release. Complications include the development of pes planovalgus and persistent dorsal subluxation of the talonavicular joint.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:837–44.
The use of a biodegradable antibiotic-loaded calcium sulphate carrier containing tobramycin for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Ferguson J. Y. , Dudareva M. , Riley N. D. , Stubbs D. , Atkins B. L. , McNally M. A.
Published: June 2014

We report our experience using a biodegradable calcium sulphate antibiotic carrier containing tobramycin in the surgical management of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. The patients were reviewed to determine the rate of recurrent infection, the filling of bony defects, and any problems with wound healing. A total of 193 patients (195 cases) with a mean age of 46.1 years (16.1 to 82.0) underwent surgery. According to the Cierny–Mader classification of osteomyelitis there were 12 type I, 1 type II, 144 type III and 38 type IV cases. The mean follow-up was 3.7 years (1.3 to 7.1) with recurrent infection occurring in 18 cases (9.2%) at a mean of 10.3 months post-operatively (1 to 25.0). After further treatment the infection resolved in 191 cases (97.9%). Prolonged wound ooze (longer than two weeks post-operatively) occurred in 30 cases (15.4%) in which there were no recurrent infection. Radiographic assessment at final follow-up showed no filling of the defect with bone in 67 (36.6%), partial filling in 108 (59.0%) and complete filling in eight (4.4%). A fracture occurred in nine (4.6%) of the treated osteomyelitic segments at a mean of 1.9 years (0.4 to 4.9) after operation.

We conclude that Osteoset T is helpful in the management of patients with chronic osteomyelitis, but the filling of the defect in bone is variable. Prolonged wound ooze is usually self-limiting and not associated with recurrent infection.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:829–36
Knee shape might predict clinical outcome after an anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Eggerding V. , van Kuijk K. S. R. , van Meer B. L. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , van Arkel E. R. A. , Reijman M. , Waarsing J. H. , Meuffels D. E.
Published: June 2014

We have investigated whether shape of the knee can predict the clinical outcome of patients after an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. We used statistical shape modelling to measure the shape of the knee joint of 182 prospectively followed patients on lateral and Rosenberg view radiographs of the knee after a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Subsequently, we associated knee shape with the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score at two years follow-up. The mean age of patients was 31 years (21 to 51), the majority were male (n = 121) and treated operatively (n = 135). We found two modes (shape variations) that were significantly associated with the subjective score at two years: one for the operatively treated group (p = 0.002) and one for the non-operatively treated group (p = 0.003). Operatively treated patients who had higher subjective scores had a smaller intercondylar notch and a smaller width of the intercondylar eminence. Non-operatively treated patients who scored higher on the subjective score had a more pyramidal intercondylar notch as opposed to one that was more dome-shaped. We conclude that the shape of the femoral notch and the intercondylar eminence is predictive of clinical outcome two years after a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:737–42.
Single-stage revision for the infected total knee replacement
Authors: Tibrewal S. , Malagelada F. , Jeyaseelan L. , Posch F. , Scott G.
Published: June 2014

Peri-prosthetic infection is amongst the most common causes of failure following total knee replacement (TKR). In the presence of established infection, thorough joint debridement and removal of all components is necessary following which new components may be implanted. This can be performed in one or two stages; two-stage revision with placement of an interim antibiotic-loaded spacer is regarded by many to be the standard procedure for eradication of peri-prosthetic joint infection.

We present our experience of a consecutive series of 50 single-stage revision TKRs for established deep infection performed between 1979 and 2010. There were 33 women and 17 men with a mean age at revision of 66.8 years (42 to 84) and a mean follow-up of 10.5 years (2 to 24). The mean time between the primary TKR and the revision procedure was 2.05 years (1 to 8).

Only one patient required a further revision for recurrent infection, representing a success rate of 98%. Nine patients required further revision for aseptic loosening, according to microbiological testing of biopsies taken at the subsequent surgery. Three other patients developed a further septic episode but none required another revision.

These results suggest that a single-stage revision can produce comparable results to a two-stage revision. Single-stage revision offers a reduction in costs as well as less morbidity and inconvenience for patients.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:759–64.
The Unified Classification System (UCS): improving our understanding of periprosthetic fractures
Authors: Duncan C. P. , Haddad F. S.
Published: June 2014

Periprosthetic fractures are an increasingly common complication following joint replacement. The principles which underpin their evaluation and treatment are common across the musculoskeletal system. The Unified Classification System proposes a rational approach to treatment, regardless of the bone that is broken or the joint involved.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:713–16.
Design and simulation of bio fluidic sensor based on photonic crystal
Authors: Gaddam Kesava Reddy Rajini , Ashok kumar Sharmila , Varadhan Sankardoss
Published: May 2014

Photonic crystals are materials patterned with a periodicity in dielectric constant in one, two and three dimensions and associated with Bragg scattering which can create range of forbidden frequencies called Photonic Band Gap (PBG). By optimizing various parameters and creating defects, we will review the design and characterization of waveguides, optical cavities and multi-fluidic channel devices. We have used such waveguides and laser nanocavities as Biosensor, in which field intensity is strongly dependent on the type of biofliud and its refractive index. This design and simulation technique leads to development of a nanophotonic sensor for detection of biofluids. In this paper, we have simulated sensing of biofliud in various photonic defect structures with the help of a numerical algorithm called Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The simulation result shows the high sensitivity for the change in the bio-molecular structure. For developing the complete sensor system, we have to use the MEMS technologies to integrate on-chip fluidic transport components with sensing systems. The resulting biofluidic system will have the capability to continuously monitor the concentration of a large number of relevant biological molecules continuously from ambulatory patients. Keywords: FDTD, Photonic Crystals, Bio fluid Sensor, Optical Cavity.
A survey of GFRP composite leaf spring
Authors: Rajesh S. , Nakkeran S. , Bhaskar GB.
Published: May 2014

Although leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension components, they are still frequently used in the automobile vehicles. Weight reduction is the main focus in the automobile industries. Weight reduction can be achieved primarily by the introduction of better materials, design optimization, and better manufacturing processes. The achievement of weight reduction with adequate improvement of mechanical properties has made composite a very good replacement material for conventional steel. Selection of material is based on the cost and strength of material. The composite materials have more elastic strain energy, storage capacity and high strength to weight ratio compared to steel. This paper briefs about the research carried out for the part of three decades on design, analysis, and selection of material, experiments and fabrication of composite leaf spring. Keywords: Composite Leaf Spring, Composite Materials, Finite Element Analysis, Weight Reduction, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP).
Fabrication of pedal powered hacksaw using dual chain drive
Authors: Subash R. , Meenakshi CM , Samuel Jayakaran K. , Venkateswaran C. , Sasidharan R.
Published: May 2014

In this Paper, Pedal operated hacksaw machine which can be used for industrial applications and Household needs in which no specific input energy or power is needed. This project consists of a sprocket arrangement, the crank and slider mechanism, the chain drive. In the mechanism, chain drive is directly connected to the hacksaw for the processing of cutting the wooden blocks. The objective of the paper is using the conventional mechanical process which plays a vital role. The main aim is to reduce the human effort for machining various materials such as wooden blocks, steel, PVC etc. Keywords: Sprocket Arrangement, Crank and Slider Mechanism.
Thermal analysis of metal-ceramic bonding using finite element method
Authors: Gopinath S. , Sabarish R , Sasidharan R.
Published: May 2014

This paper reports a finite element study of effect of bonding strength between metal and ceramic. The bonding strength is evaluated with different processing temperature and holding time. The difference between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTEs) of the metal and ceramic induces thermal stress at the interface. The mismatch thermal stress at the interface region plays an important role in improving bonding strength. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the interface bonding in metal-ceramics joints. The Al/SiC bonding was modeled and analyzed using finite element analysis in ANSYS (v.10). Keywords: Bonding Strength, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Thermal Stress, Interface, Al/Sic, FEA.
Effect of substrate on the electro chromic properties of tungsten trioxide thin films
Authors: Prabhakar Vidya , P Ashrit
Published: May 2014

Thin films of tungsten trioxide (WO3) were deposited onto glass and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates using thermal evaporation technique under various deposition conditions. In the present work the effect of substrate on the structure and EC performance of WO3 thin films has been examined using a dry lithiation method. The structural and optical changes occurring in these films with lithium insertion have been studied. It is found that the ITO coated substrate promotes the granulation and higher coloration efficiencies of the films. The peak efficiency is observed at higher infrared wavelengths where it is principally the reflectance modulation that brings about optical changes. Keywords: WO3 Thin Films, Electrochromism, Optical and Structural Properties, Effect of ITO Substrate.
The critical period of reservoir systems considering performance indices on Malaysia rivers
Authors: Saket Oskoui Issa , Abdullah Rozi , Montaseri Majid
Published: May 2014

The behavior of reservoir systems can be investigated using Critical Period (CP) which determines the aggregation level of the data (monthly or annual) that are required to be utilized in the reservoir analysis. Currently there are a number of methods that could approximate the behavior of reservoir systems, however the efficiency of these approaches have not been studied and verified for the Malaysia Rivers. In this study two different hypothetical reservoirs on Malaysia Rivers are selected. The stream flow data are subjected to preliminary analysis and evaluation of the fittest probability distribution function. Afterwards, the CP is estimated by applying a Monte Carlo simulation technique and considering performance indices. The CP from this study is used to determine the within-year or over-year behavior and these results are compared with those of the previous well-known equations in this area. It is observed that existing equations are incomplete and other parameters such as reliability and vulnerability should be considered to predict the behavior of reservoir systems. Consequently two separate regression equations are proposed to estimate the CP of these reservoir systems in Malaysia and some suggestions are made to generalize and extend this study. Keywords: Critical Period, Monte Carlo Simulation, Over-Year Behavior, Performance Indices, Reliability, Vulnerability, Within-Year Behavior.
Role of nitric oxide in septal coronary arteries of obese Zucker rats
Authors: Prathipati Priyanka , Quadri Syed , Jackson Debra , Jackson Keith
Published: May 2014

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a collection of ailments resulting in a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus. It also results in prolonged endothelial dysfunction which promotes hypertension. Objective: The current study examines the acute effect of carbon monoxide (CO) inhibition and nitric oxide (NO) stimulation in septal coronary arteries. Methods: These studies were conducted in inactin anesthetized obese and lean Zucker rats (13-14 weeks of age). Coronary arteries were isolated from obese and lean Zucker rats and in vitro experiments were conducted. Isolated coronary arteries were pre-treated with chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP) which is a heme oxygenase inhibitor and L-arginine, a NO precursor. Results: Blood pressure, non-fasting blood glucose, HBCO, CO levels and Arginase I expression were higher in obese Zucker rats (ZR) as compared to the lean (L) group. Obese ZR had higher body, kidney and heart weights as compared to the LZR. Acetylcholine induced vasodilation was greatly attenuated in Obese ZR compared to the lean group. No differences in the diameters of the septal coronary artery were observed in both groups when treated with CrMP. However, pretreatment with L-arginine, abolished the differences between the groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of NO induction to improve coronary blood flow during metabolic syndrome induced endothelial dysfunction, where alterations in CO levels appeared to have no significant coronary effects. Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome, Endothelial Dysfunction, Hypertension, L-Arginine, Endogenous CO.
Standardising assessment to meet student needs in foreign language modules in a university context: Is standardisation possible?
Authors: Nunan Anna
Published: June 2014

The Applied Language Centre at University College Dublin offers foreign language modules to students in ten languages at CEFR levels ranging from A1 to B2. Efforts have been underway in the Centre to standardise the assessment components across languages to ensure parity between module credits and to meet student expectations as they migrate from one language module to another and one language level to the next. This process has involved close scrutiny of the reliability and validity of the existing testing techniques and attempts at improving rater reliability across languages and levels as well as the endeavour to tailor exam components to student needs. The university language modules focus on communicative ability and functional language use (students write short e-mails, respond to informational texts, etc.), so it is important that the assessment weighting and the examination material also relate to the immediate, practical needs of students (often beginners in a new language in this context). The proposed module outcomes need to be carefully tailored to the demands of university students and assessed in a fair and consistent manner across languages. The alignment between intended learning outcomes, classroom activities and assessment is crucial in this environment and requires constant evaluation and revision.
The assessment competence of university foreign language teachers: A Ukrainian perspective
Authors: Kvasova Olga , Kavytska Tamara
Published: June 2014

This article considers the assessment challenges and prospects faced by foreign language teachers in Ukrainian universities in the context of the country's joining the Bologna Process. A major problem relates to adapting higher education to a common framework designed to facilitate comprehension and comparison of the content and outcomes of degree programmes and devising methods of quality assurance in foreign language teaching. The implementation of reforms in the area includes the improvement of assessment standards, the creation of new assessment instruments, and ensuring that teachers' professional repertoire includes skills in accurately measuring students' performance. Given the increased role of assessment in Ukrainian language education and the challenges this new demand poses to teachers, we investigated university foreign language teachers' readiness to carry out complex and multifaceted functions related to formative and summative assessment. Specifically, we replicated the European Survey of Language Testing and Assessment Needs and carried out a survey of our own design to identify specific strengths and weaknesses in the assessments performed by university foreign language teachers. The surveys yielded results that are broadly comparable with the European data, but with minor variations that mostly have to do with newly introduced forms of assessment. Our study shows that Ukrainian university foreign language teachers are quite test-wise and prepared to do a good job in language testing and assessment. The insights drawn from the data can contribute to developing syllabi for pre- and in-service teacher training in the area.
New Semiotics: Canada's New Initiatives
Authors: Matthews Stéphanie Walsh , Danesi Marcel
Published: June 2014

Canada’s relationship to semiotics has been one of engagement, isolation, continued interest, and convergence. Semiotics in Canada has existed for a considerable period of time and, recently, has made itself a niche in the academic landscape by focusing on applications in three specific fields-forensics, robotics, and mathematics. Through our survey of the evolution of semiotics in adjacent and parallel fields, we demonstrate how semiotics serves as a veritable bridge between the sciences and the humanities. Providing a historical, contextual, and heuristic mapping of semiotics as it is currently used in Canadian institutions provides new inroads and applications that are required for the continued success of semiotics.
The Manifesto of Tartu-Moscow Semiotics since 1973
Authors: Kull Kalevi
Published: June 2014

In 1973, a collectively written manifesto titled Theses on the Semiotic Study of Cultures was penned under the leadership of Tartu scholar Juri Lotman together with his Moscow colleagues Vjacheslav Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, Aleksandr Pjatigorskij, and Boris Uspenskij. The appearance of this work marked the birth of a new scholarly field of research called the semiotics of culture. In the present contribution we provide a bibliographic list of republications and translations of this seminal text.
Application of environmental and economic metrics to guide the development of biocatalytic processes
Authors: Lima-Ramos Joana , Tufvesson Pär , Woodley John M.
Published: June 2014

The increasing industrial interest in biocatalytic processes is predominantly driven by the need for selective chemistry, with high reaction yield (Yreaction) and few side reactions, as well as the need for optically pure chiral molecules (in particularly in the pharmaceutical industry). Interestingly, it is often argued that the mild conditions frequently used in biocatalytic reactions (ambient temperature and pressure, neutral pH and aqueous-based media) automatically lead to environmentally-friendly and cost-effective production processes. However, such a conclusion is not justified without the use of adequate tools to evaluate the performance of a process, in particular during process development. Nevertheless, at the early development stage, evaluation of biocatalytic processes is not a trivial task, not only due to the lack of data, but also because at this stage many of the biocatalytic processes are not yet fully optimized. Hence, in this paper we propose the use of a range of tools which can be used to guide process development, research tasks and support decision-making. Three sets of metrics are identified, each for use at different stages of process development (route selection, early development and late development), each with different objectives.
Magnetic Field Sensor Calibration for Attitude Determination
Authors: Klingbeil Lasse , Eling Christian , Zimmermann Florian , Kuhlmann Heiner
Published: June 2014

The presented work aims to give an overview of different calibration methods for magnetic field sensors, which are used for attitude determination. These methods are applicable in the field without any additional equipment. However, sometimes they require simplification assumptions. The paper addresses the validity of these assumptions, the accuracy and efficiency of the methods and the influence of the calibration error on the orientation estimation. Both simulations and measurements are used for evaluation. The measurements are performed using a GNSS multi-antenna system, providing an orientation reference (roll, pitch, yaw) without unknown external magnetic disturbances and with a sufficient accuracy (about 0.5 degrees). It is shown in simulations, that a full calibration of the sensor (including soft and hard iron disturbances by nearby materials) is possible without any additional equipment. However, experiments show, that some parts of the full calibration procedure are sensitive to an accurate execution of the necessary movements, which may lead to calibration errors in the same order of magnitude as a simplified method, which ignores the presence of soft iron disturbances.
Emergency Preparedness on Campus: Improving Procedural Knowledge and Response Readiness
Authors: Sattler David N. , Kirsch Julie , Shipley Gayle , Cocke Paul , Stegmeier Randy
Published: June 2014

Recent disasters and acts of violence underscore the importance of informing campus communities about emergency preparedness and how to minimize harm and loss of life by taking protective actions. This project developed and assessed the effectiveness of an emergency preparedness video in increasing emergency preparedness and response knowledge on a college campus. The participants were 222 (89 male, 133 female) undergraduate students at Western Washington University who either watched or did not watch the emergency preparedness video and completed a survey assessing emergency preparedness and response knowledge. The results indicated that participants who watched the video were more knowledgeable and felt more responsible for preparing and responding to an emergency than those who did not watch the video. The findings show tangible benefits to developing an emergency preparedness video for the university. Higher education institutions should consider developing a video that communicates information specifically relating to their campus and finding ways to promote viewership of the video.
Crystal structure of diaquabis(benzoato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline- κ2N,N')- manganese(II) 1.5 hydrate, C26H25MnN2O7.5
Authors: Chen Xiao-Miao , Liu Zheng-Jun , Cheng Meng-Qi , Hao Shi-You , Li Yu-Jie
Published: June 2014

C26H25MnN2O7.5, tetragonal, I41/a (no. 88), a = 29.373(3) Å, c = 11.469(2) Å, V = 9894.7 Å3, Z = 16, Rgt(F) = 0.0330, wRref(F2) = 0.0791, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of bis(phenylethynyl)tetrakis(dimethylphenylphosphine) ruthenium(II), C48H54P4Ru
Authors: Malan Frederick P. , Singleton Eric , Meijboom Reinout
Published: June 2014

C
Crystal structure of benzophenone-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylicimide-N,N'- diacetic acid — pyridine (1:2), C21H12N2O9·2C5H5N, C31H22N4O9
Authors: Ge Chunhua , Jiao Yang , Zhang Chenglong , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: June 2014

C
Dopamine and reward seeking: the role of ventral tegmental area
Authors: Ranaldi Robert
Published: June 2014

Reward seeking is controlled by conditioned stimuli (CSs). There is a positive relation between mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) and the performance of learned reward-directed behavior. The mechanisms by which reward-, including drug-, associated stimuli come to acquire the capacity to activate the DA systems are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the possible neurochemical mechanisms within the ventral tegmental area that may be involved in how CSs acquire the capacity to activate ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons based on principles of long-term potentiation in the VTA and the role of mesocorticolimbic DA in reward-related learning. We propose that CSs function as such because they acquire the capacity to activate VTA DA neurons. Furthermore, CSs come to acquire this control of VTA DA cells when there is coincident
Modellgestützte NIR-Materialfeuchtemessung mittels
Multidetektoranordnung
Authors: Hoof Christian , Wetzlar Dietmar , Henning Bernd
Published: June 2014

Zur berührungslosen Materialfeuchtebestimmung wird unter anderem die
Infrarotreflexionsmessung genutzt. Diese nichtinvasive und schnelle Methode
ist geeignet sowohl zur Bestimmung der Feuchte von Schüttgütern als
auch zur Charakterisierung von Trocknungsprozessen von Lacken. Die
reflektierte Strahlung ist dabei abhängig von Absorption und Streuung in
der Beschichtung sowie von den temporären und lokalen
Reflexionseigenschaften des Messobjektes. In dieser Untersuchung ist ein
experimenteller Aufbau zur simultanen Messung der gerichteten und der diffus
reflektierten Strahlungsanteile realisiert.
Ungekühlte Thermoelement-Luftbrückenstruktur für
Anwendungen im THz-Bereich
Authors: Schinkel U. , Keßler E. , Ihring A. , Dillner U. , Hänschke F. , May T. , Meyer H.-G.
Published: June 2014

Eine Luftbrückenstruktur wurde entwickelt, auf der ein
Dünnschicht-Thermoelement angeordnet ist. Dieses Thermoelement
dient als Abschlusswiderstand einer Antenne und gleichzeitig als
Temperatursensor [1]. Die Brückenstruktur wurde
mittels Oberflächenmikromechanik hergestellt. Die thermischen
Eigenschaften der Luftbrückenstruktur wurden durch
Computersimulationen untersucht, und basierend auf diesen
Ergebnissen wurde eine geeignete Technologie entwickelt, um eine
hochleistungsfähige thermoelektrische Terahertz-Sensorstruktur
herzustellen. Die Messung der elektrischen Empfindlichkeit dieser
Thermoelement-Luftbrückenstruktur ergab eine NEP von
18 pW/Hz1/2 unter Vakuumbedingungen und von
67 pW/Hz1/2 an Luft.
Workshop Medizinische Messtechnik an der Hochschule Ruhr West in Mülheim an der Ruhr
Authors: Himmel Jörg , Kanoun Olfa , Thelen Klaus
Published: June 2014

No abstract available
Design of Novel Solvents for Agrochemical Formulations via Solvatochromic Methods using N-Alkyl substituted Amides as Example
Authors: Westbye Peter , Andersson Martina , Hazen James L. , Bergström Karin
Published: May 2014

Finding new candidate solvents that can work as replacers for banned solvents, or that could be an improvement to existing solvents, is a time-consuming procedure. It is important to know how solvent structure affects interactions with active ingredients and how it will affect the performance in the application. To fully understand the interactions between solvents and solutes, there is a need to understand the types of interactions that are involved in such systems.

This article discusses polar interaction between solvents and solutes and presents the methods that monitor polarity. Improved methods to monitor solute solubility and water solubility are also presented. Two classes of solvents are used as examples, namely, N,N-dimethyl alkaneamides and N-alkyl, N-methyl formamides. Tebuconazole is used as a model solute. The solubility of tebuconazole in the mentioned solvents as well as formulation stability is related to fundamental interaction parameters.

It is clear from the analysis that there exists a correlation between the β-parameter (electron donating properties) and the solubility of tebuconazole for amide solvents. It can also be seen that the two classes of solvents investigated in this study interact to a different extent with water (i.e. both the solubility of solvent in water and the solubility of water in the solvent). From the results, it is also clear that the N-decyl, N-methyl formamide is the best suited solvent to obtain stable formulations and emulsions at low temperature for high concentrations of tebuconazole.
Microstructural Changes in Highly Irradiated 15Kh2MFA Steel
Authors: Gillemot Ferenc , Horváth Ákos , Horváth Márta , Kovács Attila , Radiguet Bertrand , Cammelli Sebastiano , Pareige Philippe , Mayoral Mercedes Hernández , Ulbricht Andreas , Kresz Norbert , Oszwald Ferenc , Török Gyula
Published: May 2014

15Kh2MFA-type steel forgings were irradiated in an accelerated surveillance position of a power reactor, up to about 1 × 1021n/cm2, E > 1 MeV with medium flux. This steel is a Cr-Mo-V-type low-copper reactor pressure vessel material. 15Kh2MFA was microstructurally tested as received and in three different irradiation states within the frame of the LONGLIFE project. The following microstructural tests were performed: metallography, fractography, transmission electron microscopy, small angle neutron scattering, and atom-probe tomography. The aim of the current paper is to summarize the results that were evaluated by the six European institutes performing the study. The SANS tests show that the cluster volume fraction growth is nearly linear as a function of the fluence, and atom-probe tomography concludes that vanadium carbide precipitations were already originally present in the as-received steel. During irradiation these precipitates are enriched with Mo, Cu, and Cr. At the highest dose Mn, Si, and Ni are also attached to these clusters.
Microstructural Characterization of Irradiation-Induced MnNi-Rich Solute Cluster in Highly Neutron-Irradiated MnNiMo Alloyed Weld Metals
Authors: Lim J. J. H. , Hyde J. M. , Lozano-Perez S. , Grovenor C. R. M.
Published: May 2014

Maintaining the safe operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is crucial. This requires fully understanding long-term irradiation mechanisms and their effects on components such as the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The research community is collecting data that will be required to support the case for the extended operation of western-type NPPs to beyond 60 years. One of the current issues regarding the long-term operation of RPVs is the formation of so-called late-blooming phases or MnNi-rich clusters (MNPs). The formation mechanisms of these features under irradiation, and their influence on material degradation at high neutron fluence (ϕt), are still unclear. The LONGLIFE project (Contract No. 249360), a EURATOM FP7 project supported by the European Commission, was designed to examine the effect of long-term irradiation on the embrittlement of RPV steels. In this paper, microstructural examinations of two low-copper welds, with different nickel contents, neutron irradiated up to about 5 × 1019n cm−2 (E > 1 MeV), are reported. Transmission electron microscopy and high-angle angular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF) investigations provide evidence of a very high number density of irradiation-induced nanometer-scale clusters. HAADF image data indicate that the features have a lower average projected atomic number or density than the matrix. These results are consistent with the atom probe tomography data, which demonstrate that these clusters contain high levels of manganese, nickel, and silicon. The cluster chemistries of these clusters that were detected from two different weld metals were almost identical and were similar to the chemistry of the MNPs. The cluster number density of the weld metal with more copper and nickel was found to be higher.
Functional Conservation of the Pre-Sensor One Beta-Finger Hairpin (PS1-hp) Structures in Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Archaea
Authors: Ramey Christopher J , Sclafani Robert A
Published: May 2014

Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins form complexes that are required for DNA replication and are highly conserved throughout evolution. The replicative helicase of eukaryotic organisms is composed of the six paralogs MCM2-7, which form a heterohexameric ring structure. In contrast, the structure of the archaean replicative MCM helicase is a single Mcm protein that forms a homohexameric complex. Atomic structures of archaeal MCMs have identified multiple beta-finger structures in Mcm proteins whose in vivo function is unknown. In the present study, we have investigated the physiological role of the pre-sensor 1 beta-hairpin (PS1-hp) beta-fingers of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMcm4p and Mcm5p in DNA replication initiation and elongation in vivo. The PS1-hp beta-finger mutant of Mcm5p (mcm5-HAT K506A::URA3) has a growth defect at both 18° and 37°. Mutation of the Mcm4p PS1-hp beta-finger (mcm4-HA K658A::TRP1) does not have a growth defect, indicating different functional contributions of the PS1-hp beta-finger structures of different MCM helicase subunits. Both Mcm4p and Mcm5p PS1-hp beta-finger mutants can coimmunoprecipitate Mcm2p, indicating the formation of the hexameric MCM helicase complex. Both PS1-hp beta-finger mutants have a plasmid loss phenotype that is suppressible by origin dosage, indicating a defective replication initiation. Surprisingly, a defect in the binding of PS1-hp MCM mutants to origins of DNA replication was not found by chromatin immunoprecipitation, suggesting a novel interpretation in which the defect is in a subsequent step of DNA strand separation by the MCM helicase. The double mutant mcm4-HA K658A::TRP1mcm5-HAT K506A::URA3 is lethal, displaying a terminal MCM mutant phenotype of large budded cells.
Religious Thoughts and Practice of the Kaum Menak: Strengthening Traditional Power
Authors: Lubis Nina Herlina
Published: May 2014

In this article, discussion will be directed to delineating the history of the kaum menak, placing emphasis on their religious thoughts and practices. Having been political elites, it is important to emphasize that the kaum menak had to adapt to changing circumstances, both in terms of religion and politics. The religious life of kaum menak had social and political significance, and owing to their position within the society, it formed an important part of their existence. As will be made appearent explained in this article, the religious thoughts and practices of the kaum menak functioned as sources of their authority and were closely related to their efforts of maintaining political power within society.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i2.629
Hukum Islam dan Kesetaraan Jender di Indonesia
Authors: Salim M. Arskal
Published: May 2014

This book is an ethnographic exploration of how Muslim people consider and resolve their daily difficulties in relation to law, religion and a notion of an ideal equality in pluralistic Indonesia. The main themes of this book involve public reasoning; interpretations, justifications, find arguments about various norms and rules related to marriage, divorce and inheritance. Bowen discusses diverse topics such as access to land, religious identity, women's rights, respect for ancestors, modernization, the rules of law, and the problems of holding together a nation. Gender analysis, equal rights, the relationship between men and women, and the interrelationship between religions, local tradition and universal norms were the key considerations in this book.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v10i3.627
Pondoks, Madrasahs, and the Production of Ulama in Malaysia
Authors: Roff William R.
Published: May 2014

This essay traces the development of pondoks, or peoples' Islamic schools (sekolah ngama rakyat), in nineteenth and twentieth century Malay peasant society, their evolution into institutions styled madrasahs, and the role both played in the production of 'ulama'. Their equivalents in Indonesia, generally known as pesantren, have been the subject of substantial research and several notable published studies. Though this has been much less true for Malaysia, the scattered material that does exist perhaps warrants the following attempt to piece it together.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v11i1.651
Australian Public Knowledge of Islam
Authors: Dunn Kevin M.
Published: May 2014

This research outline the extent and nature of the australian peoples'  knowledge of Islam. only the fifth of respondents had reasonable or better knowledge of Islam, and half knew a little about ISlam. Males, middle-aged (25-49) and older respondent (50+) were much more likely to claim a fragmentary or better knowledge of Islam. By far the greatest variation in knowledge of Islam was between those with and without some tertiary education.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.644
Revealing the Neglected Missions: Some Comments on the Javanese Elements of Muhammadiyah Reformism
Authors: Burhani Ahmad Najib
Published: May 2014

This paper seeks to discuss Muhammadiyah's attitude towards the Javanese cultural identity in the movement interacted with the ideology, psychology, and cosmology of Javanese culture.The views, insights, and behaviour of the founding father and early prominent figures within the organisation are presented, notably the way in which the former interpreted elements of Javanese culture. To analyse the data available, this work attempts to explore and articulate the 'grammar of symbol'.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v12i1.647
The Islamic Reformist Movement in the Malay-Indonesia World in the First Four Decades of the 20th Century: Insights Gained from a Comparative Look at Egypt
Authors: Eliraz Giora
Published: May 2014

The transmission of Islamic reformist ideas from the Middle East, in particular from Egypt, to the Malay-Indonesian world stimulates interest in observing and examining this formative chapter in the history of the Islamic reformist movement in the Malay-Indonesian world by taking a comparative look at Egypt. Similarly, an observer of both the center of Islamic world and its "periphery" is surely tempted to try to link them. Hence, this article aims to search for the insights that may derive from such a comparative view. Of course, a comparative view of this type also has basically vulnerable points and biases which will be mentioned in this particular context in the course of the discussion. Not with-standing, it appears that taking Egypt as a comparative case study vis-a-vis the Malay-Indonesian world in this regard may enrich knowledge about this fascinating chapter in the modern history of the reformist movement in the Malay-Indonesian world. Perhaps it may even provide insights regarding the movement that go beyond the confines of the said period.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.666
Al-Nuṣūṣ al-Qadīmah wa al-Baḥth al-Tārikhī al-Ijtimā’ī fī al-Fikri al-Islāmī bi Indūnīsīyā
Authors: Tjandrasasmita Uka
Published: May 2014

This article aims to highlight the importance of these manuscripts, which have a religious flavor, in relation to writings on the socio-intellectual history of Islam in Indonesia. According to this writer, these manuscripts contain much information and important knowledge, all of which may be beneficial to the reconstruction of several trains of Islamic intellectual thought, particularly Sufi thought, which of course heavily influenced the nature of early Islam in Indonesia. Unfortunately, to date, studies related to this history of Islam in Indonesia have often neglected to use these manuscripts as a primary source. Further, in the context of local Islam, the manuscripts are an important source, and ought to be used as a reference.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.669
Dekonstruksi Makna Kuasa dalam Matriarchy
Authors: Chuzaifah Yuniyanti
Published: May 2014

This article an anthropological work by Peggy Reeves Sanday, who, between 1981 and 1999 traveled many times to West Sumatera, particularly to the Belubus area. This book attempts to answer the often-asked question as to whether Minang constitutes a genuine matriarchy, not just a form of matrilineal ties? This question arises from the fact that many thing are considered to have changed in the Minang social system, where power is in the hands of men in areas such as control of the state system, where authority in policy-making is male dominated, and where land ownership was brought under a policy of agrarian certification, where certificates were given to the head of the family, which by definition was male. The dominant discourse that bas developed can be said to judge that the Minangkabau of course adhere to the matrilineal tradition, but in reality are highly patriarchal. However, in this book, Peggy tries to overturn this view.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i2.670
Diaspora Hadrami di Asia Tenggara
Authors: Subhan Arief
Published: May 2014

This book under review is basically in the same line as the above mentioned book it focus to the roles the Hadrami held in the destination countries of their diaspora. The difference lies in the fact that this book concentrated its discussion to the Hadrami diaspora in Southeast Asia. This present book, edited by Huub de Jong and Nico Kaptein, originates from a workshop held in Leiden (1997), "The Arab in Southeast Asia (1870-1990)", which was organized by the Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) in conjunction with the International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS), Leiden. All papers in this book, except the work by Ahmad lbrahim Abu Shouk, come from those presented in the workshop. Taking Southeast Asia as its main focus, this book contributed to the understanding of a rather neglected aspect of the Hadrami diaspora in the world.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v9i3.663
Truncus coeliacus compressiós szindróma laparoscopos műtéti megoldása – Esetismertetés
Authors: Schöller Andrea , Sugár István , Szeberin Zoltán , Ondrejka Pál , István Gábor , Vörös Attila
Published: May 2014

Absztrakt

Esetismertetés: A szerzők egy 34 éves nőbeteg évek óta fennálló postprandialis hasi panaszai miatt elvégzett kivizsgálását és műtéti kezelését mutatják be. Az első vizsgálatok során laktózintolerancia és hiatushernia igazolódott, azonban a konzervatív therapia eredménytelennek bizonyult. CT-angiographia (CTA) és digitalis subtractiós angiographia (DSA) a truncus coeliacus nagyfokú szűkületét igazolta. A percutan transluminalis angioplastica (PTA) eredménytelen volt. A vizsgálatok megismétlése külső compressiót, ligamentum arcuatum medianum szindrómát (MALS) igazolt. Laparoscopos technikával a ligamentum arcuatum medianum átvágását végezték el. A postoperativ CTA a szűkület jelentős mérséklődését mutatta, a beteg panaszai megszűntek. Megbeszélés: A szerzők hangsúlyozzák, hogy krónikus hasi panaszok esetén hasi duplex ultrahangvizsgálat során végzett áramlásméréssel 100%-os specificitással és 83%-os szenzitivitással diagnosztizálható a betegség. A duplex ultrahang olcsóbb vizsgálati módszer, mint az esetünkben is elvégzett CTA- és DSA-vizsgálatok, amelyekre sokszor csak a panaszok hosszas fennállását követően kerül sor. Postprandialis hasi fájdalom esetén első vonalbeli vizsgálatként végzett hasi ultrahang segítségével korai diagnózishoz juthatunk. Esetükkel a szerzők felhívják a figyelmet a kórképre, valamint arra, hogy külső leszorítás esetén a ligamentum arcuatum medianum laparoscopos átvágása relatív kis megterheléssel járó hatékony módszer a nyitott műtéti megoldásokhoz képest.
Stolzenburg szerint módosított teljes extraperitonealis technikával végzett laparoscopos lágyéksérvműtéteinkről
Authors: Kesserű Balázs , Kecskédi Bence , Polányi Csaba , Réti András , Saftics György , Völgyi Réka , Kovács Béla , Tenke Péter , Ender Ferenc , Vörös Attila
Published: May 2014

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: A laparoscopos hernioplasticának két formája terjedt el: a TransAbdominalis PrePeritonealis (TAPP) és a Total ExtraPeritonealis (TEP) módszer. A háló pozicionálása a preperitonealis térben történik. TAPP-módszernél a hálót általában kapcsokkal rögzítjük. TEP-műtét esetén külön rögzítés nem szükséges, mert a hasűri nyomás fixálja az implantátumot. A két beavatkozás recidívaarányát tekintve nem találtak szignifikáns különbséget. A TEP előnye, hogy a peritoneum nem kerül megnyitásra, ezért kisebb az intraabdominalis sérülések, valamint adhaesiók kialakulásának esélye, és szükségtelen speciális kapocsrakó használata. Anyag és módszer: Munkacsoportunk 2011 és 2013 között 50 alkalommal végzett férfi betegek panaszt okozó, egy- vagy kétoldali lágyéksérve miatt TEP-műtétet. A hálót speciálisan kialakítva (Stolzenburg), a funiculus alá helyezve pozicionáltuk. További hálórögzítést (kapcsok, varratok) nem alkalmaztunk. A műtéti területet nem drenáltuk. Az átlagos postoperativ ápolási idő 1 nap volt. Teljes fizikai terhelést (élsport) 10–12 nap múlva engedélyeztünk. Eredmények: Az utánkövetési időszakban (2 év) recidíva nem jelentkezett. Az átlagos műtéti idő 70 perc volt. Konverzió 3 (Lichtenstein 2, TAPP 1), arteria epigastrica sérülés 1 esetben történt. Postoperativ neuralgiát 2 alkalommal észleltünk. Következtetések: A módszer – a tanulóidőszakon túljutva – biztonsággal, jó funkcionális eredménnyel alkalmazható. A háló helyben tartásának módja csökkenti a szövődmények lehetőségét és költséghatékonyabbá teszi a beavatkozást.
Tribological Properties of Motor Oil with Nanodiamond Additive tested for steel friction surfaces with different hardnesses
Authors: Ivanov M. , Smirnov S. , Pavlyshko S. , Ivanov D. , Brenner D. , Shenderova O.
Published: May 2014

Synergistic compositions of detonation nanodiamond (ND) particles in the form of 100nm aggregates in combination with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate were used as additives to 10W40 oils. Ring-on-disk tribological tests were performed under high load conditions using friction pairs with different hardnesses, namely normalized-normalized (“soft/soft”) and normalized-quenched (“soft/hard”) steel samples. For the “soft/hard” steel friction pair NDs provide significant reduction in both the coefficient of friction and wear as well as demonstrate polishing. For the “soft/soft” steel friction pair, however, no difference in the coefficients of friction was observed when the base oil was used with or without ND. In the test with oil containing the ND additive, the wear scar in the disk was wider, but more shallow, than in the test with pure oil. Current tests indicate that the significance of the reduction of friction and wear of the sliding surfaces in the presence of the ND additive in oil strongly depends on the hardness of the friction surfaces and most probably is connected with ND polishing effect.