bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–TiC–Co cemented carbides produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method
Authors: Aghaali Vahid , Ebadzadeh Touradj , Zahraee Seyed Mohammad , Mirkazemi Seyed Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Cemented carbide 91 wt% WC–3 wt% TiC–6 wt% Co was sintered by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures of 1200 °C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C and the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of this type of composites, such as total density, apparent density, hardness, and fracture surface were measured and observed using Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, Optical Microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and mechanical test instruments. The results showed that the apparent density of the samples increased with increasing sintering temperature from 1200 to 1300 °C from 13.98 to 14.23 g/cm3, respectively. But in the sample sintered at 1400 °C, the density was reduced to 14.20 g/cm3. An increase in the fluidity of the cobalt phase and capillary pressure is the cause of the increase in density at higher temperatures, the cobalt phase has evaporated and the density has decreased slightly. Also, Vickers micro-hardness results showed that the hardness of sintered samples increased with the increase of sintering temperature. For the sample sintered at 1200 °C the hardness value of 1746.41 kgf/mm2 was obtained which increased with increasing sintering temperature from 1300 to 1400 °C from 2094.33 to 2280.97 kgf/mm2, respectively. The amount of core–shell structure [including TiC-core and (W, Ti)C-shell] increased with increasing the sintering temperature process. As a result, the hardness also increased. At the optimum sintering temperature, it was found that TiC inhibited the grain growth of tungsten carbide. In addition, as expected, the grain growth of tungsten carbide increased with increasing sintering temperatures. Examination of the fracture surface of sintered samples at different temperatures also showed that brittle fracture involves fracture.
Ni(II)-doped CuWO4 photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity
Authors: Nomellini Chiara , Polo Annalisa , Grigioni Ivan , Marra Gianluigi , Dozzi Maria Vittoria , Selli Elena
Published: October 2023

CuWO4 has emerged in the last years as a ternary metal oxide material for photoanodes application in photoelectrochemical cells, thanks to its relatively narrow band gap, high stability and selectivity toward the oxygen evolution reaction, though largely limited by its poor charge separation efficiency. Aiming at overcoming this limitation, we investigate here the effects that Cu(II) ion substitution has on the photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performance of copper tungstate. Optically transparent CuWO4 thin-film photoanodes, prepared via spin coating and containing different amounts of Ni(II) ions, were fully characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD and SEM analyses, and their PEC performance was tested via linear sweep voltammetry, incident photon to current efficiency and internal quantum efficiency analyses. From tests performed in the presence of a hole scavenger-containing electrolyte, the charge injection and separation efficiencies of the electrodes were also calculated. Pure-phase crystalline and/or heterojunction materials were obtained with higher PEC performance compared to pure CuWO4, mainly due to a significantly enhanced charge separation efficiency in the bulk of the material.

Graphic abstract
Extended topological mode in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian acoustic crystal
Authors: Wang Xulong , Wang Wei , Ma Guancong
Published: October 2023

In Hermitian topological systems, topological modes (TMs) are bound to interfaces or defects of a lattice. Recent discoveries show that non-Hermitian effects can reshape the wavefunctions of the TMs and even turn them into extended modes occupying the entire bulk lattice. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate such an extended TM (ETM) in a one-dimensional (1D) non-Hermitian acoustic topological crystal. The acoustic crystal is formed by a series of coupled acoustic resonant cavities, and the non-Hermiticity is introduced as a non-reciprocal coupling coefficient using active electroacoustic controllers (AECs). Our work highlights the potential universality of ETMs in different physical systems and resolves the technical challenges in the further study of ETMs in acoustic waves.
Recent advances in cancer-on-a-chip tissue models to dissect the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Seaman Kimberly , Sun Yu , You Lidan
Published: October 2023

Three-dimensional cancer-on-a-chip tissue models aim to replicate the key hallmarks of the tumour microenvironment and allow for the study of dynamic interactions that occur during tumour progression. Recently, complex cancer-on-a-chip models incorporating multiple cell types and biomimetic extracellular matrices have been developed. These models have generated new research directions in engineering and medicine by allowing for the real-time observation of cancer-host cell interactions in a physiologically relevant microenvironment. However, these cancer-on-a-chip models have yet to overcome limitations including the complexity of device manufacturing, the selection of optimal materials for preclinical drug screening studies, long-term microfluidic cell culture as well as associated challenges, and the technical robustness or difficulty in the use of these microfluidic platforms. In this review, an overview of the tumour microenvironment, its unique characteristics, and the recent advances of cancer-on-a-chip models that recapitulate native features of the tumour microenvironment are presented. The current challenges that cancer-on-a-chip models face and the future directions of research that are expected to be seen are also discussed.

Graphical Abstract
Broad functional landscape of geminivirus-encoded C4/AC4 protein
Authors: Mei Yuzhen , Wang Yaqin , Zhou Xueping
Published: October 2023

Geminiviruses induce severe developmental abnormalities in crops and cause severe economic losses worldwide. Owing to the limited coding capacity of the viral genome, geminiviruses produce a limited number of multifunctional effectors to adapt to the host cellular environment. Among these effectors, the geminivirus-encoded C4/AC4 protein is a powerful viral effector with unexpected versatility. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on this remarkable protein and discuss future work on the C4/AC4 protein to provide new insights into plant-geminivirus interactions and integrated control of diseases induced by them.
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in the prevention of post-COVID conditions: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the latest research
Authors: Marra Alexandre R. , Kobayashi Takaaki , Callado Gustavo Yano , Pardo Isabele , Gutfreund Maria Celidonio , Hsieh Mariana Kim , Lin Vivian , Alsuhaibani Mohammed , Hasegawa Shinya , Tholany Joseph , Perencevich Eli N. , Salinas Jorge L. , Edmond Michael B. , Rizzo Luiz Vicente
Published: October 2023

Objective:

We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination against post-COVID conditions (long COVID) among fully vaccinated individuals.

Design:

Systematic literature review/meta-analysis.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science from December 1, 2019, to June 2, 2023, for studies evaluating the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against post-COVID conditions among fully vaccinated individuals who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. A post-COVID condition was defined as any symptom that was present four or more weeks after COVID-19 infection. We calculated the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) (95% confidence interval) for post-COVID conditions between fully vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100% x (1-DOR).

Results:

Thirty-two studies with 775,931 individuals evaluated the effect of vaccination on post-COVID conditions, of which, twenty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled DOR for post-COVID conditions among fully vaccinated individuals was 0.680 (95% CI: 0.523–0.885) with an estimated VE of 32.0% (11.5%–47.7%). Vaccine effectiveness was 36.9% (23.1%–48.2%) among those who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine before COVID-19 infection and 68.7% (64.7%–72.2%) among those who received three doses before COVID-19 infection. The stratified analysis demonstrated no protection against post-COVID conditions among those who received COVID-19 vaccination after COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions:

Receiving a complete COVID-19 vaccination prior to contracting the virus resulted in a significant reduction in post-COVID conditions throughout the study period, including during the Omicron era. Vaccine effectiveness demonstrated an increase when supplementary doses were administered.
Asha Bhandary's Freedom to Care — A Kantian Care Engagement
Authors: Varden Helga
Published: October 2023

This review locates Asha Bhandary's Freedom to Care in the history of philosophy, notes some of the theory's distinctive features that clearly advance the care theory tradition, and raises some puzzles and questions regarding specific elements of the theory. My remarks focus mostly on Part I of the book and on the following four topics: (1) Bhandary's Rawlsian roots, (2) Bhandary's engagement with Eva Feder Kittay, (3) Bhandary's choice of J. S. Mill and John Rawls as her main historical interlocutors, and finally, (4) Bhandary's methodological choice of ‘men/fathers,’ ‘women/mothers,’ and ‘children/girls/boys’ as the main focus of much of her analysis.
Introduction to Symposium on Asha Bhandary's Freedom to Care
Authors: McKittrick-Sweitzer Lavender
Published: October 2023

In this introduction, I offer a broad overview of Asha Bhandary's Freedom to Care: Liberalism, Dependency Care, and Culture so that readers can better situate the suggestions of this symposium's contributors: Clark Wolf, Elizabeth Edenberg, and Helga Varden. Bhandary develops and defends the theory of liberal dependency care in response to the failure of past liberal theorizing to appreciate that dependency care — which is essential to our survival — is a matter of justice. By concluding with a Hamptonian framing, I hope to further generate discussion of this novel work that broadens the influence of contemporary feminist liberal theorizing.
Liberal Dependency Care Versus Subject-Centered Liberal Justice
Authors: Wolf Clark
Published: October 2023

John Rawls and Asha Bhandary use David Hume's conditions of justice to frame the original position choice from which principles of justice are selected. To use Hume's conditions in this way excludes from representation those who are not full cooperators, including people who need lifelong dependency care. This implies that their claim to dependent care is not a fundamental claim of justice, but must have significantly lower priority. This article argues that an appropriate theory of liberal dependency care will abandon this Humean framing assumption, and will treat the claim to dependency care as a fundamental requirement of justice.
Phonological emergence and social reorganization: Developing a nasal /æ/ system in Lansing, Michigan
Authors: Nesbitt Monica
Published: October 2023

Phonological rule innovation is thought to come about via reanalysis of some phonetic variation (e.g., Bermúdez-Otero, 2007; Hyman, 1975; Ohala, 1981; Pierrehumbert, 2001). Yet, empirical evidence suggests instead that the role of phonetic variation during phonological rule innovation is minor (Fruehwald, 2013, 2016). This paper adds to this ongoing debate an empirical analysis of an emergent allophonic contrast—an “/æ/ nasal system”—in White Michigan English. Analyses of speaker-level acoustic data from a sociolinguistic corpus (n = 36) and a subphonemic judgment task (n = 107) suggest that Lansing exhibits gradual phonological rule emergence. Social conditioning appears to act as the catalyst of phonological rule formation and its spread. The mechanism of actuation was thus “the chance alignment of social and phonetic variability” (Baker, Archangeli, & Mielke, 2011), suggesting that social conditioning on phonetic variability must play a major role in phonological emergence.
Varieties of Just Transition? Eco-Social Policy Approaches at the International Level
Authors: Cigna Luca , Fischer Torben , Hasanagic Abuannab Emina , Heins Elke , Rathgeb Philip
Published: October 2023

‘Just transition’ is a concept originally developed by the labour movement to reconcile workers’ rights with the necessity to combat climate change. More recently, supra- and international organisations have also adopted this idea. However, it remains unclear to what extent these actors follow the eco-social ambitions of organised labour. In this article, we develop a conceptual framework to capture diverse just transition approaches by distinguishing between the goal, policy, and governance dimension. We apply a multi-method approach to gauge the extent of variation in the just transition conceptualisations of three actors: the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the European Union (EU). We identify a cleavage between the ILO where just transition refers to an ambitious eco-social agenda on the one hand, and the IMF’s emphasis on macroeconomic adaptation on the other. The EU takes up a middle position by promoting a ‘green growth’ strategy with medium emphasis on environmental and social risk mitigation.
The Role of Motor Representation in Enactment Effect of Action Memory
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Assumpcao Leonardo , Wang Lijuan
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Noun–verb phrases are more efficiently remembered when they are enacted during learning than when they are only verbally studied, a phenomenon known as the enactment effect. While studies have debated whether motor information is key to this effect, our study explores whether the organization of motor information can support the enactment effect. We used the retrieval-practice paradigm to induce retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). In Experiment 1, we found an RIF effect of categorization into physical motor properties (e.g., rotation-motor category), which was significantly stronger during enactment learning. In Experiment 2, we also found an RIF effect of categorization into physical motor properties with additional imagery features (e.g., the hand-physical and round-object category), but there was no significant difference between enactment learning and verbal learning. These findings suggest that motor information is fundamental to the enactment effect, but it is not primarily assimilated, even in the presence of various types of information, in the processing of action memory. We discuss these findings in the context of multimodal theory and episodic integration theory.
Maternal oxidative stress during pregnancy associated with emotional and behavioural problems in early childhood: implications for foetal programming
Authors: Pham Cindy , Thomson Sarah , Chin Sung-Tong , Vuillermin Peter , O’Hely Martin , Burgner David , Tanner Samuel , Saffery Richard , Mansell Toby , Bong Sze , Holmes Elaine , Sly Peter D. , Gray Nicola , Ponsonby Anne-Louise ,   Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group, Carlin John , Tang Mimi , Collier Fiona , Loughman Amy , Ranganathan Sarath , Gray Lawrence
Published: October 2023

Childhood mental disorders, including emotional and behavioural problems (EBP) are increasingly prevalent. Higher maternal oxidative stress (OS) during pregnancy (matOSpreg) is linked to offspring mental disorders. Environmental factors contribute to matOSpreg. However, the role of matOSpreg in childhood EBP is unclear. We investigated the associations between (i) matOSpreg and offspring EBP; (ii) social and prenatal environmental factors and matOSpreg; and (iii) social and prenatal factors and childhood EBP and evaluated whether matOSpreg mediated these associations. Maternal urinary OS biomarkers, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHGua; an oxidative RNA damage marker) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; an oxidative DNA damage marker), at 36 weeks of pregnancy were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in a population-derived birth cohort, Barwon Infant Study (n = 1074 mother-infant pairs). Social and prenatal environmental factors were collected by mother-reported questionnaires. Offspring total EBP was measured by Child Behavior Checklist Total Problems T-scores at age two (n = 675) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties score at age four (n = 791). Prospective associations were examined by multivariable regression analyses adjusted for covariates. Mediation effects were evaluated using counterfactual-based mediation analysis. Higher maternal urinary 8-OHGua at 36 weeks (mat8-OHGua36w) was associated with greater offspring total EBP at age four (β = 0.38, 95% CI (0.07, 0.69), P = 0.02) and age two (β = 0.62, 95% CI (−0.06, 1.30), P = 0.07). Weaker evidence of association was detected for 8-OHdG. Five early-life factors were associated with both mat8-OHGua36w and childhood EBP (P-range < 0.001–0.05), including lower maternal education, socioeconomic disadvantage and prenatal tobacco smoking. These risk factor-childhood EBP associations were partly mediated by higher mat8-OHGua36w (P-range = 0.01–0.05). Higher matOSpreg, particularly oxidant RNA damage, is associated with later offspring EBP. Effects of some social and prenatal lifestyle factors on childhood EBP were partly mediated by matOSpreg. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the role of early-life oxidant damage in childhood EBP.
Body composition of infants at 6 months of age using a 3-compartment model
Authors: Kuriyan Rebecca , Hills Andrew P. , Murphy-Alford Alexia , Padmanabha Ramya , Nyati Lukhanyo H. , Byrne Nuala M. , Kurpad Anura V. , Norris Shane ,   Multi-Center Infant Body Composition Reference Study (MIBCRS), Ariff Shabina , Santos Ina S. , Wickramasinghe V. Pujitha , Murphy-Alford Alexia J. , Nyati Lukhanyo , Costa Caroline S. , Lucas Nishani , Ahmad Tanvir , Ahuja Kiran D. K. , Beckett Jeffrey M. , Bielemann Renata M. , Charania Laila , Christian Michele P. , Divya Priscilla J. , Hanley Anne , Herath Manoja P. , Ismail Leila C. , Jayasinghe Sisitha , Lanerolle Pulani , Loechl Cornelia , Moktar Najat , Senerath Upul , Slater Christine , Soofi Sajid , Street Steven J. , Valle Neiva C. J. , Yameen Ayesha
Published: October 2023

Background/Objectives

Two compartment (2 C) models of body composition, including Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) and Deuterium Dilution (DD), assume constant composition of fat-free mass (FFM), while 3-compartment (3 C) model overcomes some of these assumptions; studies are limited in infants. The objective of the present study is to compare 3 C estimates of body composition in 6-mo. old infants from Australia, India, and South Africa, including FFM density and hydration, compare with published literature and to evaluate agreement of body composition estimates from ADP and DD.

Methods

Body volume and water were measured in 176 healthy infants using ADP and DD. 3C-model estimates of fat mass (FM), FFM and its composition were calculated, compared between countries (age and sex adjusted) and with published literature. Agreement between estimates from ADP and DD were compared by Bland–Altman and correlation analyses.

Results

South African infants had significantly higher % FM (11.5%) and density of FFM compared to Australian infants. Australian infants had significantly higher % FFM (74.7 ± 4.4%) compared to South African infants (71.4 ± 5.0) and higher FFMI (12.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2) compared to South African (12.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2) and Indian infants (11.9 ± 1.0 kg/m2). FFM composition of present study differed significantly from literature. Pooled three country estimates of FM and FFM were comparable between ADP and DD; mean difference of −0.05 (95% CI: −0.64, +0.55) kg and +0.05 (95% CI: −0.55, +0.64) kg.

Conclusions

3C-model estimates of body composition in infants differed between countries; future studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate causes for the differences.
Prednisolone and rapamycin reduce the plasma cell gene signature and may improve AAV gene therapy in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Kistner Alexander , Chichester Jessica A. , Wang Lili , Calcedo Roberto , Greig Jenny A. , Cardwell Leah N. , Wright Margaret C. , Couthouis Julien , Sethi Sunjay , McIntosh Brian E. , McKeever Kathleen , Wadsworth Samuel , Wilson James M. , Kakkis Emil , Sullivan Barbara A.
Published: October 2023

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector gene therapy is a promising approach to treat rare genetic diseases; however, an ongoing challenge is how to best modulate host immunity to improve transduction efficiency and therapeutic outcomes. This report presents two studies characterizing multiple prophylactic immunosuppression regimens in male cynomolgus macaques receiving an AAVrh10 gene therapy vector expressing human coagulation factor VIII (hFVIII). In study 1, no immunosuppression was compared with prednisolone, rapamycin (or sirolimus), rapamycin and cyclosporin A in combination, and cyclosporin A and azathioprine in combination. Prednisolone alone demonstrated higher mean peripheral blood hFVIII expression; however, this was not sustained upon taper. Anti-capsid and anti-hFVIII antibody responses were robust, and vector genomes and transgene mRNA levels were similar to no immunosuppression at necropsy. Study 2 compared no immunosuppression with prednisolone alone or in combination with rapamycin or methotrexate. The prednisolone/rapamycin group demonstrated an increase in mean hFVIII expression and a mean delay in anti-capsid IgG development until after rapamycin taper. Additionally, a significant reduction in the plasma cell gene signature was observed with prednisolone/rapamycin, suggesting that rapamycin’s tolerogenic effects may include plasma cell differentiation blockade. Immunosuppression with prednisolone and rapamycin in combination could improve therapeutic outcomes in AAV vector gene therapy.
Phylogenetic relatedness can influence cover crop-based weed suppression
Authors: Menalled Uriel D. , Smith Richard G. , Cordeau Stephane , DiTommaso Antonio , Pethybridge Sarah J. , Ryan Matthew R.
Published: October 2023

Cover crops are plants grown to provide regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services in managed environments. In agricultural systems, weed suppression services from cover crops can be an important tool to promote sustainability as reliance on herbicides and tillage for weed management has caused pollution, biodiversity loss, and human health issues. However, to effectively use weed suppression services from cover crops, farmers must carefully select species that fit within their rotations and suppress their problematic weeds. Understanding how the relatedness between cover crops and weeds affects their interactions will help farmers select cover crops for targeted weed management. The phylogenetic distance between species reflects their relatedness and was studied through a series of field experiments that compared weed suppression in winter and summer cover crops with tilled controls. This study demonstrates that cover crops can reduce up to 99% of weed biomass and alter weed community structure by suppressing phylogenetically related weed species. Results also suggest that cover crop planting season can influence weed community structure since only overwintering treatments affected the phylogenetic distance of weed communities. In an applied context, these results help develop cover crop-based weed management systems, demonstrating that problematic weeds can be managed by selecting phylogenetically related cover crop species. More broadly, this study provides a framework for evaluating weed communities through a phylogenetic perspective, which provides new insight into plant interactions in agriculture.
Preparation of magnetic biochar functionalized by polyvinyl imidazole and palladium nanoparticles for the catalysis of nitroarenes hydrogenation and Sonogashira reaction
Authors: Mohammadi Pourya , Heravi Majid M. , Mohammadi Leila , Saljooqi Asma
Published: October 2023

Catalysts are essential materials in biotechnology, medicine, industry, and chemistry. On the other hand, recycling and using waste materials is important in economic efficiency and green chemistry. Thus, biochar was prepared from the stem and roots of the Spear Thistle to recover waste. After magnetizing the biochar, its surface was modified with polyvinyl imidazole. Finally, this modified biochar was decorated with Pd nanoparticles and used as a selective and recyclable nanocatalyst in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes and the Sonogashira reaction. The structure of this organic–inorganic nanocatalyst has been characterized by FESEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and VSM techniques. In the hydrogenation reaction with the amount of 30 mg of nanocatalyst, the temperature of 50 °C in the water solvent, the reaction efficiency reached 99% for 30 min. In addition, under optimal conditions for the Sonogashira reaction: 1.0 mmol iodobenzene, 1.2 mmol phenylacetylene, 20 mg MBC-PVIm/Pd, 2 mmol K2CO3 in H2O at 50 C for 15 min, the reaction efficiency reached 95%. The recyclability of magnetic nanocatalysts was investigated and recognized this nanocatalyst can be used several times without notable loss of its activity.
Synergism of mechanisms underlying early-stage changes in retina function in male hyperglycemic db/db mice in the absence and presence of chemically-induced dyslipidemia
Authors: Johnston Thomas P. , Edwards Genea , Koulen Peter
Published: October 2023

The study was designed to quantify retina function in a spontaneous mutation mouse model of diabetes, in which sustained dyslipidemia was induced chemically. The goal of the study was to identify if dyslipidemia in the presence of hyperglycemia resulted in either a synergistic, or a merely additive, exacerbation of retinal and visual dysfunctions in diabetes. Two cohorts of mice, male C57BL/6 and C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into two groups each. One group of each strain received the triblock copolymer, poloxamer 407 (P-407), administered by intraperitoneal injection (“WT P-407” and “db/db P-407” groups) with saline as a control in the remaining two groups (“WT” and “db/db” groups). Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) levels were quantified using enzyme-based colorimetric assays. Retina function was measured using electroretinography (ERG) and visual acuity was determined by behaviorally assessing parameters of the optomotor reflex. TC and TG levels were normal in both saline controls (WT) and db/db mice but were significantly elevated in the WT P-407 group (p < 0.01 for TC; p < 0.001 for TG), while levels of the same lipids were further elevated in the db/db P-407 group when compared to the WT P-407 group levels (p < 0.001 for both TC and TG). Behavioral assessment of the optomotor reflex indicated reduced visual acuity for the db/db P-407 group when compared to either the WT P-407 or the db/db groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). ERG measurements of scotopic retina function showed a significant decline in the scotopic b-wave amplitude of the WT P-407 animals (p < 0.01) and a further reduction for the db/db P-407 group when compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Very significant, strong correlations between scotopic b-wave amplitude and implicit time to TC (r =  − 0.8376, p =  < 0.0001 and r = 0.7069, p = 0.0022, respectively) and TG levels (r =  − 0.8554, p =  < 0.0001 and r = 0.7150, p = 0.0019, respectively) were found. Dyslipidemia in the presence of hyperglycemia synergistically exacerbated the severity of retinal dysfunction in diabetes. P-407 administration significantly elevated plasma TC and TG levels in male wild-type (WT) and diabetic mice (db/db), but the resulting hyperlipidemia was more significantly pronounced in the diabetic mice. While elevated plasma lipid and blood glucose levels were individually correlated with a decline in retinal function, the combination of both exacerbated retinal dysfunction. This model of combined hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia can be used to dissect individual contributions of features of the metabolic syndrome to the pathogenesis of retinal dysfunction in diabetes.
Capturing functional connectomics using Riemannian partial least squares
Authors: Ryan Matthew , Glonek Gary , Tuke Jono , Humphries Melissa
Published: October 2023

For neurological disorders and diseases, functional and anatomical connectomes of the human brain can be used to better inform targeted interventions and treatment strategies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that captures spatio-temporal brain function through change in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals over time. FMRI can be used to study the functional connectome through the functional connectivity matrix; that is, Pearson’s correlation matrix between time series from the regions of interest of an fMRI image. One approach to analysing functional connectivity is using partial least squares (PLS), a multivariate regression technique designed for high-dimensional predictor data. However, analysing functional connectivity with PLS ignores a key property of the functional connectivity matrix; namely, these matrices are positive definite. To account for this, we introduce a generalisation of PLS to Riemannian manifolds, called R-PLS, and apply it to symmetric positive definite matrices with the affine invariant geometry. We apply R-PLS to two functional imaging datasets: COBRE, which investigates functional differences between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls, and; ABIDE, which compares people with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical controls. Using the variable importance in the projection statistic on the results of R-PLS, we identify key functional connections in each dataset that are well represented in the literature. Given the generality of R-PLS, this method has the potential to investigate new functional connectomes in the brain, and with future application to structural data can open up further avenues of research in multi-modal imaging analysis.
Plasmonic nanoparticle etching-based optical sensors: current status and future prospects
Authors: Athira E. T. , Satija Jitendra
Published: October 2023

Plasmonic nanoparticles etching based label-free multicolorimetric sensors for biosensing and chemosensing applications
Potential mechanism of the AgNCs-hydrogel in promoting the regeneration of diabetic infectious wounds
Authors: Li Ruoqing , Wang Chengshi , Gou Liping , Zhou Ye , Peng Linrui , Liu Fang , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2023

AgNCs-hydrogel can promote the regeneration of diabetic infectious wounds by regulating some key proteins.
The compression of deformed microgels at an air/water interface
Authors: Kawamoto Takahisa , Yanagi Kohei , Nishizawa Yuichiro , Minato Haruka , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: October 2023

The compression of microgels at air/water interfaces was investigated using a Langmuir–Blodgett trough with in situ fluorescent microscopy. The relationship between the structure of the microgel arrays and the compression behavior was clarified.
Tuning of B12 photochemistry in the CarH photoreceptor to avoid radical photoproducts
Authors: Camacho Ines S. , Wall Emma , Sazanovich Igor V. , Gozzard Emma , Towrie Mike , Hunt Neil T. , Hay Sam , Jones Alex R.
Published: October 2023

Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy reveals the flow of electron density through coenzyme B12 in the light-activated, bacterial transcriptional regulator, CarH.
Ion-catalyzed synthesis of N/O co-doped carbon nanorods with hierarchical pores for high-rate Na-ion storage
Authors: Cen Meixiang , Cui Yingxue , El-Khodary Sherif A. , Wang Juan , Ng Dickon H. L. , Ge Shanhai , Lian Jiabiao
Published: October 2023

Carbon nanorods with abundant N/O heteroatoms and hierarchical pores achieve a high-rate Na-ion storage (336/196 mA h g−1 at 0.1/20 A g−1).
The unexpected effect of ferrocenyl substituents on the photochemistry of dianthryl sulfoxides
Authors: Removski Nicole , Wolf Michael O.
Published: October 2023

Enabled by energy transfer to low-lying states, photoexcitation of ferrocenyl substituted dianthryl sulfoxide results in new photochemistry.
Enantiodetermining processes in the synthesis of alanine, serine, and isovaline
Authors: Liao Qingli , Xie Peng , Wang Zhao
Published: October 2023

Interstellar synthesis of chiral amino acids.
In silico design of bio-marker detection fluorescent probes
Authors: Echeverri Andrea , Botuha Candice , Gómez Tatiana , Luppi Eleonora , Contreras-García Julia , Cárdenas Carlos
Published: October 2023

Inverse design of fluorescent biomarkers by means of electronic, conjugation and push-pull effects.
Understanding the migration mechanism of hydrogen atom from the α-Fe matrix into nano-precipitates via DFT calculations
Authors: Ma Yuan , Zhou Shaojie , He Yang , Su Yanjing , Qiao Lijie , Gao Lei
Published: October 2023

The service of high-strength steel suffers from the threat of hydrogen embrittlement and introducing nano-precipitates is an effective avenue to mitigate it.
The oscillatory electro-oxidation of 2-propanol on platinum: the effect of temperature and addition of methanol
Authors: Ragassi Gianluca , Dourado André H. B. , Varela Hamilton
Published: October 2023

Taking advantage of the self-organized potential oscillations in the electro-oxidation of isopropanol.
Multifunctional carbon nitride nanoarchitectures for catalysis
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Singh Gurwinder , Guan Xinwei , Lee Jangmee , Bahadur Rohan , Ramadass Kavitha , Kumar Pawan , Kibria Md. Golam , Vidyasagar Devthade , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan
Published: October 2023

Carbon nitrides, with feasibility of tailored band gap via suitable nanoarchitectonics, are deemed as best catalysts amongst existing materials, especially for HER, OWS, COR, NRR, water oxidation, pollutant removal, and organocatalysis.
Fortification of vegetable fat with natural antioxidants recovered by bergamot pomace for use as an ingredient for the production of biscuits
Authors: Gattuso Antonio , Piscopo Amalia , Santacaterina Simone , Imeneo Elisa , De Bruno Alessandra , Poiana Marco
Published: October 2023

Modern consumers are increasingly interested in eating healthy food and paying attention to the reduction of synthetic preservatives and the increased use of natural preservatives.
An organic transistor for detecting the oxidation of an organic sulfur compound at a solid–liquid interface and its chemical sensing applications
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Zhang Yijing , Ohshiro Kohei , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Lyu Xiaojun , Kamiko Masao , Ueno Yoshinori , Tanaka Hikaru , Minami Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2023

An OFET device enables the simultaneous detection of the reversible and irreversible oxidation of an organic sulfur compound by H2O2 at a solid–liquid interface, which was applied to the monitoring of an enzymatic reaction in an aqueous solution.
Acetoin production by resting cells of Lactococcus lactis for direct electrochemical synthesis of 2-butanone
Authors: Grütering Carolin , Harhues Tobias , Speen Fabian , Keller Robert , Zimmermann Martin , Jensen Peter R. , Wessling Matthias , Blank Lars M.
Published: October 2023

We describe a cascade for sustainable 2-butanone from biotechnologically derived acetoin by adapting the process to the needs of both bio- and electrocatalysis.
Decarboxylative [4 + 2] cycloaddition via ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoexcitation of a Cu-MOF
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Zeng Di , Wang Juxue , Cui Bingkun , Jia Taikang , Li Ruofan , Chu Hongxiang , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ling , Wang Wenzhong
Published: October 2023

Production of p-xylene (PX) via a broad biomass-derived furan cycloaddition has received incremental interest because of its renewable character.
A novel approach for synthesizing α-amino acids via formate mediated hydrogen transfer using a carbon source
Authors: Zhao Tian-Tian , Zhang Xu-Gang , He Wen-Bo , Xu Peng-Fei
Published: October 2023

We report an unprecedented synthesis of α-amino acid derivatives utilizing HCOO− as a carbon and hydrogen source. This method employs firstly commercially available 2-naphthalenethiol as an organic photocatalyst for radical-radical cross-coupling.
Electrochemically grown Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterostructure nanotubes with In2O3 induced tandem internal electric fields for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Li Gang , Shen Kai , Wang Congwei , Wang Kaiying
Published: October 2023

The tandem internal electric field constructed by nanotubular Fe2O3/Fe3O4/In2O3 heterojunction leads to effective carrier separation and redistribution, via which the OER activation barrier could be optimized with enhanced PEC performance.
SnO2/CoS1.097 heterojunction as a green electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution linking to assistant glycerol oxidation
Authors: Xie Xinjie , Zhang Chunyong , Xiang Meng , Yu Chengbin , Fan Wangxi , Dong Shuang , Yang Zhou
Published: October 2023

Different ratios of Sn and Co sources were designed and mixed to obtain SnO2/CoS1.097 heterojunctions. As a potential electrocatalyst, the 0.5SnO2/0.5CoS1.097 is superior to the commercial RuO2 and Pt/C electrocatalysts.
Calcite TLM and LSJ07 – two natural low-Sr reference materials for microbeam Sr isotope analysis
Authors: Wu Shitou , Yang Yuehang , Li Tianyi , Huang Chao , Bao Zhian , Li Youlian , Li Chaofeng , Xu Lei , Wang Hao , Xie Liewen , Yang Jinhui , Wu Fuyuan
Published: October 2023

In situ microbeam Sr isotope analysis relies on the microanalytical homogeneity of reference materials (RMs) for calibration, method validation and data quality control.
Single-cell impedance cytometry of anticancer drug-treated tumor cells exhibiting mitotic arrest state to apoptosis using low-cost silver-PDMS microelectrodes
Authors: Yang Xinlong , Liang Ziheng , Luo Yuan , Yuan Xueyuan , Cai Yao , Yu Duli , Xing Xiaoxing
Published: October 2023

An easily-fabricated device mapping anticancer drug-treated HeLa cells to progressive states from G2/M arrest to apoptosis by impedance characteristics.
Pristine coconut husk biowaste and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/methyl acrylate-based novel oleophilic gels for oil spill cleanup
Authors: Devi Kavita , Chauhan Ghanshyam S. , Ranote Sunita , Chauhan Sandeep , Kumar Kiran
Published: October 2023

Novel oleophilic gels synthesized with pristine coconut husk and acrylate monomers.
Heat transfer analysis in magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow induced by a rotating rough disk with non-Fourier heat flux: aspects of modified Maxwell–Bruggeman and Krieger–Dougherty models
Authors: Srilatha Pudhari , J Madhu , Khan Umair , Kumar R. Naveen , Gowda R. J. Punith , Ben Ahmed Samia , Kumar Raman
Published: October 2023

Non-Newtonian fluids have unique heat transfer properties compared to Newtonian fluids.
Synthesis of spirotriazolines and spirooxadiazolines via light-induced 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cycloadditions
Authors: Jia Pengfei , Lin Zhiqian , Luo Cankun , Liang Jiao , Lai Ruizhi , Guo Li , Yao Yuan , Wu Yong
Published: October 2023

We developed a strategy for the construction of spirotriazolines and spirooxadiazolines by the light-induced [3+2] cycloaddition with 2,5-diaryltetrazole. The use of light as the unique reagent is a distinguishing feature of this protocol.
A molecular dynamics investigation of drug dissociation from SGLT and its implication in antidiabetic medication development
Authors: Pang Ming-Hui , Liu Xue-Feng , Tan Xin-Guan , Wang Yu-Qing
Published: October 2023

As constituents of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) family of proteins, both SGLT1 and SGLT2 assume significant physiological functions in the human body.
Strontium peroxide as a potential photocatalyst: rapid degradation of organic and pharmaceutical pollutants
Authors: Harikaran Dhakshnamoorthi , R. Vijayaraghavan
Published: October 2023

Dual-function of SrO2 as a photocatalyst and a chemical source of H2O2 for the removal of toxic dyes and pharmaceutical contaminates under sunlight.
Encapsulation of cobaltocenium ions in a zeolite-like metal–organic framework
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Marti Anne M. , Umer Arslan , Joy Monu , Yang Ya-Ching , Wang Sue-Lein , Balkus Kenneth J.
Published: October 2023

Preparation of highly stable “ship-in-a-bottle” typle zeolite-like metal-organic framework (ZMOF) using cobaltocenium ions as a template.
Evolutionary perspective on mammalian inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) biology
Authors: Borghi Filipy , Saiardi Adolfo
Published: October 2023

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), the polymeric form of phosphate, is attracting ever-growing attention due to the many functions it appears to perform within mammalian cells. This essay does not aim to systematically review the copious mammalian polyP literature. Instead, we examined polyP synthesis and functions in various microorganisms and used an evolutionary perspective to theorise key issues of this field and propose solutions. By highlighting the presence of VTC4 in distinct species of very divergent eucaryote clades (Opisthokonta, Viridiplantae, Discoba, and the SAR), we propose that whilst polyP synthesising machinery was present in the ancestral eukaryote, most lineages subsequently lost it during evolution. The analysis of the bacteria-acquired amoeba PPK1 and its unique polyP physiology suggests that eukaryote cells must have developed mechanisms to limit cytosolic polyP accumulation. We reviewed the literature on polyP in the mitochondria from the perspective of its endosymbiotic origin from bacteria, highlighting how mitochondria could possess a polyP physiology reminiscent of their ‘bacterial’ beginning that is not yet investigated. Finally, we emphasised the similarities that the anionic polyP shares with the better-understood negatively charged polymers DNA and RNA, postulating that the nucleus offers an ideal environment where polyP physiology might thrive.
Recent applications in dielectric barrier discharge and radio frequency plasmas‐engineered transition metal electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Chen Guangliang , He Bin , Wang Yuxin , He Pengchen , Dou Liguang , Zhou Renwu , Chen Dongliang , Shao Tao
Published: October 2023

Hydrogen generated by water electrolysis is considered as one of the most promising protocols to partly replace the roles of traditional fossil fuels. However, high‐performance electrocatalyst satisfied with the industrial requirement still faces significant challenges. Low‐temperature plasma contains numerous high‐energy ions, electrons and other reactive species, which can provide a highly reactive environment for tuning the physio‐chemical structures of catalysts through plasma milling, etching, doping and/or deposition. It is well‐known that high‐temperature micro‐filaments contained in plasmas can cause some special modifications of the catalyst surface, thus effectively adjusting the physio‐chemical structure of latterly engineered compounds. Therefore, low‐temperature plasma technologies, especially the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and radio frequency (RF) plasmas, can be considered as a green and sustainable strategy for engineering high‐performance electrocatalysts for water splitting (hydrogen evolution reaction [HER]; oxygen evolution reaction [OER]). Herein, recent progress of DBD and RF plasmas for fabricating and modifying transition metal‐based electrocatalysts (e.g. sulphide, phosphide, selenide, oxide, hydroxide) for hydrogen evolution reaction or OER is comprehensively reviewed, and the role of plasma is also discussed.
Intelligent monitoring of EHV transformer bushing based on multi‐parameter composite sensing technology
Authors: Zhang Lu , Sun Lei , Wang Wensen , Han Yanhua , Pu Lu , Wu Jingfeng , Wu Hao
Published: October 2023

In order to monitor the state of bushing online, an intelligent monitoring system for transformer bushing was developed. A four‐in‐one sensor integrating hydrogen sensing technology using palladium nickel alloy, pressure sensing technology, wide range temperature sensing, and micro water measurement technology was developed. A three‐in‐one integrated sensor based on micro current detection technology was developed to realize online monitoring of bushing dielectric loss, capacitance, and partial discharge. The test results show the hydrogen measurement range of sensor is 0 to 10,000 μL/L, and the measurement uncertainty is lower than 10% or 10 μL/L. The pressure measurement range is 0 to 1.0 MPa, and the uncertainty is lower than 0.3%. The temperature measurement range is −40°C to 85°C, and the uncertainty is lower than ± 1°C. The micro water measurement range is 0 to 1000 μL/L, and the measurement uncertainty is lower than ± 5% or 10 μL/L. The dielectric loss and capacitance error increased by one order of magnitude compared to current standards. The resolution of partial discharge is 5 pC. The performance of the device fully satisfies the requirements for online monitoring of transformer bushing. It has been installed in dozens of 330 and 750 kV substations, providing a reliable guarantee for safe operation of transformer bushing.
Ecological approaches to the sustainable development of agrocenoses in the context of food security
Authors: Saprykina Natalia
Published: October 2023

Identification of ecological approaches to the sustainable development of agrocenoses in the context of food security requires in-depth research due to the exceptional complexity and relevance of this problem. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to critically comprehend the theoretical and design-experimental developments of agrocenoses and identify the most rational ways to design them in connection with the problem of food security in the context of creating food autonomy. A selection of project proposals of objects is given, where technological developments are presented, characterized by a new alternative approach to the creation of agrocenoses as an integral ecological system. The techniques of sustainable development of agrocenoses in urban space in connection with environmental changes are revealed: integration of genetically modified objects into urban space and its rehabilitation in the context of creating food autonomy. Economically rational methods of creating an integral ecological system are determined: the secondary use of natural resources and the disposal of biological waste, the regeneration of soil through the use of symbionts for its restoration. The placement of agrocenoses in the aquatic environment as a resource for the development and use of alternative space is presented: floating objects of agrogenesis as a closed ecological system and the formation of objects of agrogenesis in the underwater environment as an autonomous ecosystem. The results of this review show that agrocenosis ecosystems are a bio positive tool for intervention in the closed-cycle economy in facilities for commercial food production.
Seasonal dynamics of the total lipid content in the body of the anchovyEngraulis encrasicolus(Linnaeus, 1758) in 2017-2020
Authors: Voykina Anna , Bugaev Leonid , Kirichenko lga , Urchenko Ksenya
Published: October 2023

The analysis of the dynamics of lipid content in the body of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in various periods of its life cycle from 2020 to 2022 inclusive. The article shows that the difference in the content of energy-plastic substances in the body of anchovy is clearly traced depending on the age of the fish: the number of lipids in fingerlings is lower than in older individuals. Based on the analysis of the inter-seasonal dynamics of the lipid content in the body of the anchovy, it was found that the minimum lipid content is typical for fish in April, and the maximum is observed in October. Analysis of the interannual dynamics of the lipid content in the anchovy body at the end of the feeding period showed that in the last three years there has been a trend towards a gradual increase in their number to the level of 16-18%.