bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Radio Counterpart to the Fast X-Ray Transient EP240414a
Authors: Bright Joe S. , Carotenuto Francesco , Fender Rob , Choza Carmen , Mummery Andrew , Jonker Peter G. , Smartt Stephen J. , DeBoer David R. , Farah Wael , Matthews James , Pollak Alexander W. , Rhodes Lauren , Siemion Andrew
Published: February 2025

Despite being operational for only a short time, the Einstein Probe mission, with its large field of view and rapid localization capabilities, has already significantly advanced the study of rapid variability in the soft X-ray sky. We report the discovery of luminous and variable radio emission from the Einstein Probe fast X-ray transient EP240414a, the second such source with a radio counterpart. The radio emission at 3 GHz peaks at ∼30 days postexplosion and with a spectral luminosity ∼2 × 1030 erg s−1 Hz−1, similar to what is seen from long gamma-ray bursts, and distinct from other extragalactic transients including supernovae and tidal disruption events, although we cannot completely rule out emission from engine driven stellar explosions, e.g., the fast blue optical transients. An equipartition analysis of our radio data reveals that an outflow with at least a moderate bulk Lorentz factor (Γ ≳ 1.6) with a minimum energy of ∼1048 erg is required to explain our observations. The apparent lack of a reported gamma-ray counterpart to EP240414a could suggest that an off-axis or choked jet could be responsible for the radio emission, although a low-luminosity gamma-ray burst may have gone undetected. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a significant fraction of extragalactic fast X-ray transients are associated with the deaths of massive stars.
The Puzzling Superorbital Period Variation of the Low-mass X-Ray Binary 4U 1820–30
Authors: Chou 周 Yi 翊 , Wu 吳 Jun-Lei 君磊 , Chen 陳 Bo-Chun 泊錞 , Chang 張 Wei-Yun 瑋芸
Published: February 2025

Because of the previously observed stability of the 171 days period, the superorbital modulation of the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820–30 was considered a consequence of a third star orbiting around the binary. This study aims to further verify this triple model by testing the stability of the superorbital period using the light curves collected by X-ray sky-monitoring/scanning telescopes from 1987 to 2023. Both power spectral and phase analysis results indicate a significant change in the superorbital period, from 171 to 167 days, over this 36 yr span. The evolution of the superorbital phase suggests that the superorbital period may have experienced an abrupt change between early 2001 and mid 2003 or changed gradually with a period derivative of

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day day−1. We conclude that the superorbital period of 4U 1820–30 was not as stable as anticipated by the triple model, which strongly challenges this hypothesis. Instead, we propose an irradiation-induced mass-transfer instability scenario to explain the superorbital modulation of 4U 1820–30.
Prediction of Halo Coronal Mass Ejections Using SDO/HMI Vector Magnetic Data Products and a Transformer Model
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Jing Ju , Wang Jason T. L. , Wang Haimin , Abduallah Yasser , Xu Yan , Alobaid Khalid A. , Farooki Hameedullah , Yurchyshyn Vasyl
Published: February 2025

We present a transformer model, named DeepHalo, to predict the occurrence of halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Our model takes as input an active region (AR) and a profile, where the profile contains a time series of data samples in the AR that are collected 24 hr before the beginning of a day, and predicts whether the AR would produce a halo CME during that day. Each data sample contains physical parameters, or features, derived from photospheric vector magnetic field data taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We survey and match CME events in the Space Weather Database Of Notification, Knowledge, Information and the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph CME Catalog, and we compile a list of CMEs, including halo CMEs and nonhalo CMEs, associated with ARs in the period between 2010 November and 2023 August. We use the information gathered above to build the labels (positive vs. negative) of the data samples and profiles at hand, where the labels are needed for machine learning. Experimental results show that DeepHalo with a true skill statistic (TSS) score of 0.907 outperforms a closely related long short-term memory network with a TSS score of 0.821. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the transformer model has been used for halo CME prediction.
Building a genome reference database for Bulgarian biodiversity - highlights from the GenBul project
Authors: Kamenova Stefaniya , Palpurina Salza , Karakiev Todor , Kunev Georgi , Apostolova Nadejda , Popova Snejina , Gjonova Albena , Gjonov Ilia , Angelova Radost , Pramatarova Monica , Deleva Stanimira , Vladimirov Vladimir , Beshkov Stoyan , Bekchiev Rostislav , Kostova Rumyana , Nahirnić Ana
Published: February 2025

With the advancement of high-throughput, cost-effective sequencing, the application of genomic approaches to biodiversity research is becoming increasingly accessible and inclusive. As the availability of a reference genomes database is indispensable for genomics research, a recent pan-European effort - the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) - was established to scale up the generation of high-quality reference genomes for European eukaryotic biodiversity. Here, we report the results from the GENBUL project, funded by the EU Horizon Europe BGE-ERGA Consortium to support the sampling of reference genomes from biodiversity hotspots in Bulgaria. Focusing on two key biodiversity areas, Slavyanka and Southern Pirin mountains (including the Nature Reserve "Alibotush") and the Strandzha Nature Park, we successfully sampled 190 plant and insect species, including several Bulgarian and Balkan endemics. This effort represents the first major effort for broader-scale genome referencing from Bulgaria and makes an important contribution towards local capacity-building in biodiversity genomics. However, considering the complexity of the genome sampling workflows, standards and metadata management, the GENBUL project also enabled to pinpoint major challenges, currently hindering the deployment of large-scale reference genome sampling in Bulgaria. Based on this experience, we outline key capacity, knowledge and research culture barriers faced by Bulgarian scientists and make recommendations to the international genomics research community for mitigation actions, also applicable to other Southeast European countries.
New distribution records of wild bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in South Tyrol (Italy): expanding the wild bee database
Authors: Zanini Sebastiano , Dainese Matteo , Kopf Timo , Obwegs Lisa , Anderle Matteo , Leitinger Georg , Tappeiner Ulrike
Published: February 2025

Throughout South Tyrol, in northern Italy, there is a data deficiency relating to wild bee species pool. Here, we present significant findings from the collection of 3,313 wild bees gathered over two separate studies conducted in consecutive years. Our research focused on the impact of landscape heterogeneity, temperature and land-use change on wild bee communities and their pollination services in an agricultural and mountainous landscape. This article provides a detailed account of the 150 identified wild bee species collected using coloured pan traps. We report habitat type, occurrence data, threat status, sociality, nesting strategy and diet breadth. In Italian regions where information on wild bee distribution is lacking or outdated, sharing data is crucial for developing conservation policies.

The compiled species list strengthens regional and national wild bee database by providing new distribution data for extinction-threatened species, such as Dufourea dentiventris (Nylander, 1848), Dufourea inermis (Nylander, 1848), Lasioglossum brevicorne (Schenck, 1870), Lasioglossum laevigatum (Kirby, 1802), Lasioglossum monstrificum (Morawitz, 1891), Nomada mutica Morawitz, 1872 and Nomada villosa Thomson, 1870. Additionally, we present recent findings of species that are valuable for understanding range expansions, recording species previously unreported in South Tyrol and updating historical data for the region.
High variability in chromosome number from a clade within the gourami family (Teleostei, Osphronemidae)
Authors: Mobley Brendan , Anderson Andrew P.
Published: February 2025

Identifying clades with extensive and conspicuous changes in diploid chromosome number (2n) is an important step in unraveling the evolutionary mechanisms underlying karyotype evolution. Here, we report low 2n in a monophyletic group of teleost fishes within the family Osphronemidae defined by their unique spiral egg structure (the “spiral egg” clade). We sampled seven of the nine known species within the spiral egg clade, reporting novel 2n for five species and confirming two others. We find high variability in both 2n and chromosome arm number (fundamental number, FN), suggesting a 2n reduction during the emergence of the clade and numerous large-scale mutations across evolutionary time. These data provide important information in cataloguing 2n shifts in teleost fishes and highlight this group for further study in chromosomal and genomic evolution due to their karyotypic heterogeneity.
Sex and gender reporting in neurosurgical journals: A cross-sectional study on enactment of the SAGER guidelines
Authors: Hângan Anda-Cosmina , Ognean Andrei , Orlický Michal , Prižmić Karlo , Karuc Dorian , Baric Hrvoje
Published: February 2025

Background: In 2016, the SAGER (sex and gender equity in research) guidelines were developed to standardize research reporting and to facilitate the generalizability of research findings for women and men, thereby impacting clinical practice.

Objectives: To assess the extent to which the SAGER guidelines have been implemented in neurosurgical publications.

Methods: Original research articles from leading neurosurgical journals indexed in Google Scholar under the category ‘Neurosurgery’ were examined and assessed for the extent to which the articles conformed to the SAGER guidelines. Data were extracted on subjects (sample size and relative proportions of sex or gender) and on adherence to the SAGER guidelines (one item for general principles and five items from recommendations for each section of the article) and summarized.

Results: We included 98 articles from 10 leading neurosurgical journals. The average number of subjects for a journal was 4728, of which 2056 (43.5%) were women. Only nine (9.2%) of the 98 articles used the terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ appropriately. The outcomes were disaggregated by sex in 16 (16.3%) articles; sex differences were acknowledged in the introduction in six (6.1%) articles; considered in the ‘Methods’ section in five (5.1%) articles; the differing numbers of women and men were justified in the methods in two (2%) articles; and the generalizability of the results to women or men was discussed in five (5.1%) articles. The journals showed no differences in the extent to which they adhered to the guidelines.

Conclusions: Reporting sex and gender equity in neurosurgical journals is negligible for the most screened SAGER items as is the endorsement of the guidelines. The results likely reflect the lack of awareness of both the importance of disaggregating data by sex or gender and the existence of pertinent guidelines.
Enhanced methods fulfilling early discharge criteria for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: Kougioumtzis Ioannis , Iliopoulos Efthymios , Tottas Stylianos , Tilkeridis Konstantinos , Ververidis Athanasios , Drosos Georgios
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Enhanced recovery strategies have resulted in significant reductions in length of hospitalization and postoperative morbidity in total hip (THA) and total knee (TKA) arthroplasties. The success and safety of the arthroplasties are characterized by the establishment of evidence-based criteria, which offer safe hospitalization and postoperative care.

Aim: The objective of the present survey was to investigate components related to fast-track recovery, discharge criteria, delayed discharge, complications, and readmissions.

Materials and methods: The following methods were employed: the ASA grade, the Charlson index, the neuropathic pain (DN4) questionnaire, and the patient health (PHQ-9) questionnaire. Additionally, the study included an examination of comorbidities, hospitalization, era deliver discharge standards, and 90-day readmission. The visual analogue pain scale, complications, and demographics were also examined in the retrospective study for the research. The study was conducted f om November 2017 to January 2020.

Results: Two hundred and thirty-five patients underwent TKA (n=134) and THA (n=101), the mean age was 68±8.7 years and BMI was 32.4±5.4 kg/m2. On average, the patients had 1.6±1.1 comorbidities, the Charlson index was 2.4±1.3 and the ASA grade was 2.1±0.5. The exit rules were attained at 1.9±0.75 days postoperatively. However, the actual infirmary care was 3.06±1.01 days, with a waiting span of 62.5% or 1.2 days. THA succeeded in departure principles more quickly (1.8 days vs. 2 days for TKA). Sex (p=0.04), age (p=0.009), and the Charlson index (p=0.046) were strongly related to the instant to fulfil the release norm in the TKA. While in THA, the length of ward stay was statistically significant and correlated with both age (p=0.05) and the Charlson index (p=0.05). In addition, the superPATH approach had a strong effect on the consummation of the delivery measures (1.48 days vs. 1.89 days for the Hardinge approach) (p=0.002) and shorter treatment (p=0.04).

Conclusion: Achieving safe release goals and reducing hospitalization were associated with modifiable (superPATH approach) and unmodifiable (age, sex, and Charlson index) foretold agents. These indexes could offer reproducible results with limitation of postoperative complications, morbidity, and readmissions.
Clinical significance of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), and Copenhagen index (CPH-I) for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Koleva Vesselina , Shefket Sevim , Stoencheva Snezhana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer among women, and in more than 90% of cases, the initial manifestation of the disease is postmenopausal bleeding. Unfortunately, despite early diagnosis and treatment, EC often recurs. Among the many serum tumor markers studied, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) show the most promise as tools for EC diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of HE4 and CA125, tested either as single markers or in combination by including them in the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithms (ROMA) and in Copenhagen index (CPH-I).

Material and methods: In this retrospective study, 1262 women (74 with confirmed EC) were included. The patients with EC had significantly higher values for HE4, CA125, ROMA, and CPH-I (p<0.001) than the healthy women and patients with benign diseases. The subgroup analysis based on the histological type of EC revealed that the highest markers and algorithms were recorded in type II EC group.

Results: The ROC curve analysis showed that the best diagnostic performance for detecting EC among patients with benign diseases was the ROMA index (AUC=0.869; 95% CI: 0.818-0.920), followed by CPH-I (AUC=0.822; 95% CI: 0.757-0.887), and HE4 (AUC=0.816; 95% CI: 0.750-0.881). Tested alone, CA125 presented unsatisfactory results for this purpose. Both algorithms proved to have a correlation with the disease stage and progression better than the markers alone (HR=1.046 vs. HR=1.018).

Conclusion: In summary, the ROMA index, CPH-I, and, to a lesser extent, standalone HE4 testing can supplement imaging methods as reliable tools for diagnosing and distinguishing patients with EC from those with benign conditions. They have potential as prognostic markers for advanced disease and could help gynecological oncologists to develop a therapeutic strategy.
Effect of essential oil on shelf-life and quality attributes of tomato in Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Neupane Prachand , Poudel Balika , Wosti Binita , Pandey Samikshya , Chaudhary Mukesh , G. C. Ananda , Khanal Ram Prasad , Chaurasia Jay
Published: February 2025

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. Chemicals like Bavistin and Calcium Chloride used to enhance the postharvest life of tomatoes have detrimental effects on human health. An experiment was conducted on tomatoes to determine the effects of essential oils on their physical (color, firmness, weight loss) and chemical attributes (TSS, TA, Vitamin C, pH). Tomatoes were treated with different concentrations of lemon grass oil, calcium chloride (1%), and extract of Justicia adhatoda (100%), and the effects were analyzed along with the control. No significant difference in weight loss was observed among treatments recording maximum weight in Justicia extract treatment (12.86%) and minimum in the control (9.73%). Maximum firmness (5.71 Nmm-1) was recorded in 100% Asuro extract treatment on Day 14 while there was no significant difference in pH on treated tomatoes except on the 10th DAT. A significant difference was noted in TSS, titratable acidity on 4 DAT, and vitamin C content among treatments. TSS content increased up to 10 DAT and showed a gradual diminishing pattern in TSS content in almost all treatments on 12 DAT and 14 DAT where maximum TSS (4.933 Brix) was found in 1% CaCl2 and minimum TSS (3.466 Brix) was found in 200 ppm EO. Furthermore, minimum TA (0.21%) was observed in 200 ppm EO whereas maximum TA was found in tomatoes treated with 100% Asuro extract (0.36) at 14 days after treatment. Additionally, the highest content of Vitamin C (0.276 mgml-1) was recorded in tomatoes treated with 200 ppm of essential oil. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the TSS/TA ratio among treatments during the experiment where the highest ratio (21.08) was observed in 1% CaCl2 and the lowest ratio (9.92) was obtained in 100% Asuro Extract at 14 days after treatment. The current study implies essential oils are potential alternatives to hazardous chemicals enhancing shelf life and safety for human health. It is advisable to carry out multiple experiments in a broader area using different varieties with various concentrations.
Comparing morphological and DNA-based bioassessment methodologies for macroinvertebrates in Neotropical streams: a case study from Ecuador
Authors: Jijón Gabriela , Errigo Isabella M. , Wicks Jessica , Goldston Natalie N. , Davis Lillian , Davis Daniel , Standring Samantha , Chaston John M. , Frandsen Paul B. , Rios-Touma Blanca
Published: February 2025

As unimpacted freshwater environments decline worldwide, developing effective and accurate biomonitoring approaches is critical for detecting ecosystem deterioration and facilitating conservation efforts. Freshwater macroinvertebrate communities comprise several phyla and thus a broad taxonomic expertise is required to identify these precisely. Molecular approaches for characterizing invertebrate communities have the potential to be more accurate, time-effective, and thus less costly than traditional morphological methods. However, evaluations comparing the two methods for macroinvertebrates are lacking in the Neotropics, where rapid deployment and increased accuracy are critical due to the escalating deterioration of freshwater environments. In this study, we compared the performance of DNA bulk tissue metabarcoding using an eDNA primer pair (fwhF2 & EPTDr2n) and morphological methodologies for identifying macroinvertebrate communities. Our aim was to evaluate the suitability of metabarcoding for assessing the biological quality of Ecuadorian streams along an altitudinal gradient. We found low taxonomic overlap between methods at family and genus ranks, though many molecular OTUs were unclassified at family and genus levels. Morphological identification resulted in higher Andean-Amazonian Biotic Index (AAMBI) scores for each site, with only three sites classified into the same biological category for both methodologies. One reason is that only family-level information is used for AAMBI. Existing DNA barcode reference libraries contained incomplete coverage of Ecuadorian taxa for specimens determined with the morphological approach, indicating a need to improve the representation of Ecuadorian taxa in these libraries to generate more accurate and complete metabarcoding determinations. Our study suggests that metabarcoding requires more development for freshwater biomonitoring in the Neotropics and should, at the moment, be used complementary to traditional identification approaches.
Euonymus pushpagiriensis (Celastraceae), a new species from the central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Authors: Page Navendu V. , Thackeray Tejas U.
Published: February 2025

Euonymus pushpagiriensissp. nov., an understorey tree species from the montane (Shola) forests of Kodagu District of Karnataka is described and illustrated. The species is morphologically distinct from all other species of Euonymus reported from the Western Ghats and the rest of India, in having sub-sessile, ovate leaves with rounded to sub-cordate leaf base. This species is, so far, known from the Kodagu District of the State of Karnataka.
Relationships between the deep chlorophyll maximum and hydrographic characteristics across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans
Authors: Estrada Miyares Marta , Latasa Mikel , Cabello Ana M. , De la Fuente Patricia , Guallar Carles , Mozetič Patricija , Riera-Lorente Max , Vidal Montserrat , Blasco Dolors
Published: February 2025

The Malaspina-2010 circumnavigation expedition on board R/V Hesperides surveyed tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans between December 2010 and July 2011. This article examines the relationships between the distribution of chlorophyll a (Chl a), major inorganic nutrients and other hydrographic variables. A deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was found at most stations between 60 and 150 m depth; it occurred close to the level of 1% surface photosynthetically active radiation and was associated with the nitracline. There was a negative relationship between total Chl a at surface and the DCM depth, and between Chl a concentration at the DCM and DCM depth. In terms of Chl a concentration, picophytoplankton was the dominant size class at all sampled light intensities (surface, 20% of surface PAR and PAR at DCM), oceans and geoclimatic zones, except at some stations influenced by upwellings or divergences. Within the Chl a concentration ranges found in this study, the proportion of picophytoplankton increased with total Chl a, in contrast with some previous findings. Vertically integrated Chl a was positively correlated with surface Chl a, with similar slopes for the whole data set and for the different oceans and zones. In turn, surface Chl a and sea surface temperature showed a negative correlation for the Indian Ocean and the subtropical zone, a positive correlation for the Atlantic, and non-significant relationships for the remaining oceans and zones.
Innovative Applications and Future Development of Intelligent Diagnostic Devices in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Sung Jinghui , Jiang Zikang , Huang Yuanpeng
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews the current applications, challenges, and future development trends of intelligent diagnostic devices in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). With continuous advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and data analytics, intelligent diagnostic devices are gradually being integrated into TCM diagnostics, covering various aspects such as pulse diagnosis, tongue diagnosis, and facial diagnosis. These advanced technologies not only enhance the objectivity and accuracy of TCM diagnosis but also suggest promising trends for personalized treatment development. This paper examines recent progress in intelligent devices for tongue image analysis, pulse diagnosis, and facial image analysis, highlighting existing challenges related to data quality, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical issues. Furthermore, the paper envisions future trends in intelligent diagnostic devices, emphasizing the importance of miniaturization, portability, telemedicine, and standardization. We expect intelligent technology to accelerate the modernization and globalization of TCM. Finally, the paper calls for future research to focus on the deep integration of TCM and modern technology, promoting the standardization of intelligent diagnostic devices and improving diagnostic reliability to foster innovative developments in TCM diagnostics.
Application of Blockchain Technology in Medical Dispute Management
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Yue Xiaoguang , Sajid Ahthasham , Tariq Noshina
Published: February 2025

With the increasing complexity of global health challenges and the growing awareness of health among individuals, the importance of personal health management has become more prominent. In modern society, due to the frequent occurrence of medical disputes, it has had a significant impact on the protection of the rights and interests of hospitals and patients. How to obtain necessary data in medical disputes and store it safely is a problem that everyone is facing. Against this backdrop, blockchain technology, with its features of decentralization, immutability, and high transparency, offers a potential solution. By leveraging distributed ledgers, cryptographic algorithms, and smart contracts, blockchain technology can effectively enhance the security and privacy of health data, enabling trustworthy data sharing and interoperability. While the application prospects of blockchain technology in personal health management are broad, its development faces multiple challenges, including technological complexity, issues of standardization, and incomplete legal and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, this paper’s in-depth research on the application and impact of blockchain technology in medical disputes, exploring specific implementation pathways to enhance data security, privacy protection, data sharing, and interoperability, holds significant theoretical and practical value for promoting its application in the field of health management.
L’océan, ses cycles et interfaces
Authors: Speich Sabrina , Bopp Laurent
Published: February 2025

Le Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), initialement spécialisé dans l'étude des atmosphères terrestre et planétaires, a élargi son champ de recherche pour inclure l’océanographie, permettant ainsi une compréhension approfondie des interactions océan-atmosphère et de leur impact sur le climat global. L’océan, en tant que régulateur climatique majeur, joue un rôle clé dans l’absorption de la chaleur et du CO₂, affectant aussi bien les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes que le bilan carbone global. Les recherches menées au LMD adoptent une approche multidisciplinaire et couvrent plusieurs échelles, combinant observations in situ, modélisation numérique haute résolution et avancées théoriques pour explorer les processus complexes dans l’océan et l’atmosphère.
Brevedades y extensiones, fragmentarismo y totalidad: temporalidades múltiples en textos de Andrés Neuman y Vicente Luis Mora
Authors: Bernardi María Belén
Published: February 2025

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar una zona de la obra de dos escritores contemporáneos, Andrés Neuman y Vicente Luis Mora, a la luz de las exploraciones estéticas que en ella realizan en torno al vínculo entre tiempo y literatura. Más allá de las particularidades de cada una de sus propuestas, ambas despliegan temporalidades que van desde las formas breves hasta las narrativas de largo aliento, en un doble movimiento que conjuga la velocidad propia de la contemporaneidad y la morosidad que a ella se opone como modo de reflexión y resistencia.
La lentitud de migrar en Yo maté a un perro en Rumanía de Claudia Ulloa Donoso
Authors: Ternicier Constanza
Published: February 2025

Yo maté a un perro en Rumanía (2022) de Claudia Ulloa Donoso es una road novel ambientada en el país balcánico, cuyos protagonistas son una profesora de español radicada en Noruega y su alumno rumano. La lentitud y la relatividad del tiempo son elementos articulados por la muerte de un perro, y el encuentro erótico entre los dos personajes. La tesis del artículo apunta a cómo la desaceleración temporal es capaz de ubicar a la protagonista fuera de una lógica instrumental, y la experiencia de habitar una tierra rumana desde su condición migrante le permite contemplar un estado de cosas en comunión con su origen.
Prevalence and associated factors of drug-resistant epilepsy in an adult epilepsy population
Authors: Weerathunga Dulmini , Ambawatte Sathyajith , Dissanayake Athula , Somarathne Surangi
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Approximately 65-70% of people with epilepsy respond to their first or second anti-seizure medication, while 15-40% are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Different epilepsy types have varying treatment approaches and prognoses and there could be significant early predictors of drug resistance. Patients with refractory epilepsy experience more adverse effects and diminished quality of life, making prompt identification of this state vital. This study aimed to assess the burden of drug resistance in a cohort of adult epilepsy patients, and compare resistance rates among different seizure types. It also sought to identify early predictors of drug resistance.Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 445 patients with adult-onset epilepsy, categorising participants according to response to therapy to two primary groups: drugresistant (DR) and adequate response (AR). We further categorised them according to the seizure type and evaluated for possible associated factors such as epilepsy type, febrile seizures, family history, electroencephalogram (EEG) and imaging abnormalities, and adverse events.Results: The overall drug resistance rate was 36%, with epilepsy with focal motor onset seizures showing the highest rate at 48.4% and epilepsy with generalised non-motor seizures exhibiting zero resistance. Factors associated with higher drug resistance included motor onset seizures (p=0.003), positive imaging findings (p=0.001), and a history of status epilepticus (p=0.02). No significant differences were found regarding focal versus generalised seizures, family history, febrile seizures, or EEG abnormalities. Adverse consequences of seizures were more common in the DR group (p< 0.001), and the AR group required significantly fewer medications (p< 0.00001).Conclusions: The study highlights a 36% drug resistance rate in a cohort of adult patients with epilepsy beginning after the age of 12 years. Early identification and tailored management strategies for these high-risk patients based on seizure type and predictors may help to control their epilepsy better.
Spinal melioidosis: a rare presentation
Authors: Weerasinghe Nipuna , Jayawardena Janya , Weerasinghe Madhawa , Dissanayake Kishan , Abeykoon Muditha , Hordagoda Hemal , Peiris Janaka
Published: February 2025

Melioidosis is an emerging infection endemic to tropical countries. Neurological complications of melioidosis are rarely encountered. We report a lady with diabetes mellitus, who had an infective myelopathy secondary to melioidosis. This 40-year-old lady had a clinical picture suggestive of an acute myelopathy with a thoracic (T7) sensory level. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a long-segment myelitis with ring-enhancing lesions in the lower cord. She did not respond well to conventional immunosuppression. A blood culture revealed Burkholderia pseudomallei with a high titre of antibodies against the same organism. Even though she was given appropriate antibiotics, she continued to have persistent residual neurological deficits. Prompt initiation of treatment with appropriate antibiotics is vital to reduce residual neurological deficits in these patients. Therefore, the requirement of a high index of suspicion to diagnose melioidosis, as well as the significance of a simple investigation such as a blood culture in the evaluation of a myelopathy is highlighted in our case.
Real-time per-operative assessment of the lower lateral nasal cartilage morphology in patients undergoing rhinoplasty
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Nikhil , Gambhir Swaroop Singh , Mangal Mahesh
Published: February 2025

Background:

The success or failure of rhinoplasty depends mainly on the surgeon’s awareness of the construction of the nasal cartilaginous framework and the knowledge of the morphology and different dimensions of these cartilages. The anatomy of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) varies according to the patient ethnicity. Since manipulation of the LLC has become more prevalent in rhinoplasties, understanding its comprehensive anatomy is paramount.

Aims:

To analyse the morphologic profile of lower lateral nasal cartilage in patients undergoing cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Materials and Methods:

All patients aged >16 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in our study. Sixty LLCs from 30 patients of Indian origin who underwent primary open rhinoplasty were dissected and assessed intraoperatively.

Results:

The average length and width of the lateral crura were 15–18 mm and 9–11.5 mm, respectively. The average length and width of the domal segment of the middle crura were 3–4.5 mm and 4–6 mm, respectively. The average length and width of the middle crura lobular segment were 3.5–5 mm and 3–5.5 mm, respectively. The medial crura’s average length and width were 10–12.5 mm and 3–4 mm, respectively. The smooth, convex shape of the lateral crura and the simple-symmetrical relationship between the medial crura are the most common in Indians.

Conclusions:

The morphologic profile of the LLC in Indian noses is different from that in other ethnic groups; therefore, while performing rhinoplasty in Indian noses, these morphologic data should be kept in mind to maintain the aesthetic as well as the ethnic appearance to increase patient satisfaction.
Dosimetric Evaluation of Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy, RapidArc, and Hybrid RapidArc Radiotherapy Techniques for Left-sided Breast Cancer
Authors: Mishra Atul , Yadav Neha , Sharma Madhu , Mittal Kailash Kumar , Mishra Surendra Prasad , Verma Teerth Raj , Tiwari Shilpa
Published: February 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the irradiation techniques–three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), RapidArc (RArc), and hybrid RapidArc (h-RArc)–for left-sided breast cancer patients, focusing on dose distribution in the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risks (OARs).

Materials and Methods:

This study enrolled 20 patients diagnosed with early-stage left-sided breast cancer. All patients received a prescribed dose of 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions (2.67 Gy per fraction), optimized to achieve 95% dose coverage to 95% of the PTV. The dosimetric variations across the three treatment plans for the 20 patients were examined using a one-way ANOVA test. P <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:

In the 3DRCT plan, D95% of the PTV was 37.21 ± 0.51 Gy. This value was significantly increased to 39.43 ± 0.27 Gy in the RArc plan (P = 0.001) and to 38.47 ± 0.19 Gy in the h-RArc plan (P = 0.630). The RArc plans demonstrated a superior homogeneity index of 0.12 ± 0.02 compared to both 3DCRT (0.18 ± 0.02) and h-RArc (0.13 ± 0.02). When comparing the increase in monitor units (MUs), h-RArc showed a 62.82% increase over 3D-CRT, whereas demonstrating a 38.05% decrease compared to RArc (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:

h-RArc treatment plans for breast cancer may be recommended due to their superior and consistent PTV dose coverage and sparing of OARs, in comparison to both 3DRCT and RArc plans. These h-RArc plans are characterized by reduced MU and beam on time, as well as a less low volume dose when compared to RArc plans.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Identifying Periapical Lesions: A Comparative Study with Conventional Radiography
Authors: Kanneppady Sowmy S. , Kanneppady Sham K. , Mathew Tony , Almazrou Yaser M. , Syed Afroz K. , Hota Sadananda , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Periapical lesions are a common clinical finding, often detected through imaging techniques such as conventional radiography (CR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT with CR in identifying periapical lesions.

Methods:

This comparative study involved patients undergoing dental treatment. Each patient received both CBCT and conventional radiography for periapical lesion detection. The diagnostic outcomes of both modalities were evaluated based on lesion size, position, and diagnostic clarity. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CBCT and CR.

Results:

CBCT demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to CR in detecting periapical lesions. The average sensitivity and specificity of CBCT were higher, particularly in detecting smaller and more complex lesions. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between CBCT and CR in lesion detection (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

CBCT is a more reliable imaging modality for the detection of periapical lesions compared to conventional radiography, offering higher diagnostic accuracy. Further studies are needed to establish CBCT as a standard diagnostic tool in clinical practice.
Assessment of Jaw Bone Density Using Cone-Beam CT in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kanneppady Sowmy S. , Kanneppady Sham K. , Jamatia Kahamnuk , Tiwari Kumudhati , Ausare Surabhi S. , Dash Ayushi , Syed Afroz K.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Osteoporosis is a systemic condition characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD), leading to increased fracture risk. Assessing jaw bone density is vital for early detection and treatment planning, especially in dental and maxillofacial contexts. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has emerged as an essential tool for evaluating bone quality in osteoporotic patients.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study assessed jaw bone density in osteoporotic patients using CBCT. A total of 100 patients, aged 45–75, were included. BMD was calculated using CBCT-derived Hounsfield Units (HU), and results were correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data. Parameters included mandibular cortical width, trabecular bone structure, and radiomorphometric indices.

Results:

CBCT revealed a significant correlation between HU values and DXA scores (P < 0.05). Mandibular cortical width and trabecular structure alterations were observed in osteoporotic patients. Two tables present the statistical data on the correlations between HU values and DXA measurements.

Conclusion:

CBCT offers a reliable method for assessing jaw bone density in osteoporotic patients. Its ability to detect low bone density could enhance early diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes.
Correlation between Histopathological Features and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tiwari Shamita , Shekhar Saurabh , Ramanand Oruganti V. , Mishra Pallavi , Nelson Anish , Shankar Kiran S. , Mathur Riddhima
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy, with histopathological features playing a crucial role in predicting clinical outcomes. Tumor budding, lymphovascular invasion, and depth of invasion are key indicators used to assess prognosis and therapeutic response. The objective of this research is to examine the correlation between these histopathological parameters and patient outcomes.

Methods:

This retrospective analysis included patients diagnosed with OSCC. The key parameters examined were tumor budding, depth of invasion, and lymphovascular invasion. Clinical outcomes, including recurrence and survival rates, were analyzed.

Results:

Tumor budding and depth of invasion were significantly associated with increased recurrence rates and poorer survival outcomes. Lymphovascular invasion also showed a strong correlation with advanced disease stages.

Conclusion:

The histopathological features, particularly tumor budding and depth of invasion, are significant predictors of clinical outcomes in OSCC patients. These features should be emphasized in the prognosis and treatment planning of OSCC.
Anterior Rehabilitation with Basal Implants in Cleft Cases Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Nirav , Jha Kunal , Pavethynath Velusamy , Ravi Sindhura , Pendyala Siva K. , Shinde Samidha M. , Tiwari Rahul
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To carefully examine the literature on anterior rehabilitation with basal implants in cleft patients, including clinical outcomes, success rates, and complications.

Methods:

A PubMed search was extensive for published research. The inclusion criteria were original research studies on basal implants in anterior cleft rehabilitation, including clinical outcomes, success rates, and complications, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies assessed the quality of the included studies after data were retrieved and synthesized using a standard form.

Results:

The review identified four papers that matched the criteria. The trials examined clinical and surgical care, two-stage implant surgery results, and orthodontic treatment with bone grafting and implant implantation. Infection, complication, and success rates were examined across trials.

Conclusion:

The included trials found 100% success with anterior rehabilitation with basal implants for cleft lip and palate. This method is safe and feasible because no infections or problems have been documented. Basal implants in cleft instances should be tested for long-term efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction in well-designed clinical trials.
Assess the Role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Improvement of Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Backache
Authors: Mehta Harry , Singla Karanveer , Mahajan Anupam , Singh Noel S. , Sood Rewa
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Most frequent concerns among patients who attend orthopaedic centres is chronic low back pain.

Material and Methods:

Study aimed to compare effectiveness of psychological counselling in addition to standard medical care for patients with chronic low back pain by measuring their improvement with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Comparing Groups A and B at 6 and 12 weeks on the VAS measure.

Results:

Group A demonstrated 25% and 29% improvement, while for Group B, it was 18% and 20% respectively. At 6 and 12 weeks, the SF-36 measure revealed 13% and 17% improvement in Group A, compared to 5% and 10% in Group B, respectively. At 6 and 12 weeks, the ODI indicated 12% and 18% improvement in Group A versus 9% and 13% in Group B, respectively. Additionally, Group A significantly outperformed Group B in terms of the HADS.

Conclusion:

We concluded psychological counselling in addition to the regular standard of care produces superior outcomes compared to regular standard of care alone.
Differential plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory reticulospinal fibers after spinal cord injury: implication for recovery
Authors: Jeleva Rozaria , Muhr Carmen Denecke , Liebisch Alina P. , Bareyre Florence M.
Published: February 2025

The remodeling of axonal connections following injury is an important feature driving functional recovery. The reticulospinal tract is an interesting descending motor tract that contains both excitatory and inhibitory fibers. While the reticulospinal tract has been shown to be particularly prone to axonal growth and plasticity following injuries of the spinal cord, the differential capacities of excitatory and inhibitory fibers for plasticity remain unclear. As adaptive axonal plasticity involves a sophisticated interplay between excitatory and inhibitory input, we investigated in this study the plastic potential of glutamatergic (vGlut2) and GABAergic (vGat) fibers originating from the gigantocellular nucleus and the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, two nuclei important for locomotor function. Using a combination of viral tracing, chemogenetic silencing, and AI-based kinematic analysis, we investigated plasticity and its impact on functional recovery within the first 3 weeks following injury, a period prone to neuronal remodeling. We demonstrate that, in this time frame, while vGlut2-positive fibers within the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei rewire significantly following cervical spinal cord injury, vGat-positive fibers are rather unresponsive to injury. We also show that the acute silencing of excitatory axonal fibers which rewire in response to lesions of the spinal cord triggers a worsening of the functional recovery. Using kinematic analysis, we also pinpoint the locomotion features associated with the gigantocellular nucleus or lateral paragigantocellular nucleus during functional recovery. Overall, our study increases the understanding of the role of the gigantocellular and lateral paragigantocellular nuclei during functional recovery following spinal cord injury.
Canalicular repair in an infant with a simple modification in implantation technique of a conventional innovative implant for canalicular stenting
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Waghray Ritesh , Singh Anuradha , Bhatia Agrima , Sahu Akanksha , Kalra Nidhi , Patnaik Subhasish
Published: February 2025

Eyelid injuries associated with canalicular rupture may lead to lacrimal drainage obstruction if not repaired in time. Of the various techniques available, monocanalicular stenting is the procedure of choice. However, these stents are not only costly but also their availability is a limitation. Majority literature focuses on innovative techniques to identify the lost medial part of canaliculi. We developed a novel surgical technique for canalicular repair by inserting a 26 gauge plastic sleeve of pediatric Intravenous cannula utilizing 27 gauge metal irrigation cannula as a guiding tool.