bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Human Genome Project and the media. Case study: the relation between genetics and the media
Authors: Costa Tullia
Published: August 2018

Terms such as gmo, genetic tests and pharmacogenomics, which were once used only by experts, belong today to everyday language. The new vocabulary of molecular biology shows an increase in the interest of society in scientific problems, and in particular the recent cultural supremacy of molecular biology. For all of us, the gene symbolizes progress and power, the hope of fighting incurable diseases, and the fear of terrifying genetic manipulations. These aspects become real events and characters in the Human Genome Project. But this great international project has also shown that the relation between science and society is changing. This event can actually be seen as a metaphor of science leaving academic laboratories to settle new areas of society. From economics to sociology, from epistemological discourse to bioethical debate, from medicine to basic research, in all these fields genome becomes the main topic of discussion and food for thought. Public attention to this international project has grown constantly throughout its development, and it peaked when science came into contact with the press.
The regional natural Parcs: La Brière
Authors: Guiheneuf Bernard
Published: August 2018

This item is available only in the original language.
Şiir Üzerine Düşünceleri Ve Dikkatleri Bağlamında Mukayeseli Bir Wılhelm Dılthey
Authors: Güzel Ekrem
Published: August 2018

Bu makalenin amacı Wilhelm Dilthey ile Cemil Meriç’in şiire yaklaşımlarını karşılaştırmak ve şiir üzerine düşüncelerinin farkları üzerinde durmaktır. Farklılıklar, daha çok, Dilthey’in şiiri oldukça önemsemesi ve bu bağlamda detaylıca incelemesine karşın Cemil Meriç’in yüzeysel kalan bakışına dayanmaktadır. Tarih, toplum, felsefe, sanat, edebiyat ve şiir üzerine kafa yormuş ve yazılar yazmış bu iki figürün (W. Dilthey ve C. Meriç) sanat, edebiyat ve şiir hakkında yazdıkları külliyatlarında dikkate değer bir yer tutar. Dilthey, felsefesinde yaşamı anlama bağlamında şiire çok önemli bir işlev yükler. Onun, çağın tinini yakalayan bir doğaya sahip olduğuna inanır. Bunu izah etmek için şiir ve Batı edebiyatlarının büyük şairleri (Goethe, Hölderlin, Shakespeare vs.) üzerinde uzun uzadıya durur. Hayatı, tarihi ve çağın ruhunu anlamlandırmada, Dilthey, şiir ve şaire büyük bir önem atfeder. Şiir, onun felsefî sisteminde hayatî bir öneme sahiptir. Buna karşın Cemil Meriç, şiirle oldukça ilgili olmasına rağmen, onun hakkında yüzeysel kalacak yargılarda bulunur. Şiiri, salt duygulanım, coşku olarak görüp onun hakikat ve düşünceyle olan ilişkisinin sorunlu olduğunu ileri sürer. Şiiri, kimi zaman, utanılacak bir şey olarak algılar. Bazen de düşüncenin ve nesrin olduğu yerde şiire pek ihtiyaç olmadığını dillendirir. Kısaca şiire, indirgemeci sayılabilecek ve pek de bilimsel olamayan bir biçimde yaklaşır. Bu makalede, söz konusu iki farklı algı biçiminin izdüşümlerini incelemenin yanı sıra Batıda (Avrupa düşüncesinde), Türk edebiyatı ve tefekküründe şiir üzerine nasıl bir düşünme biçimi olduğuna da kısa değinilecektir. Dilthey ve Cemil Meriç’in şiir üzerine düşüncelerini karşılaştırmak, bize farklı algıları daha sarih biçimde görebilme imkânı verebilir.
Kültürel Söylemlerin Biçimlendirme Yerlemi Olarak Beden Ve Çağdaş Beden Modifika
Authors: Kaderli Zehra
Published: August 2018

Beden insanın dünya ile kurduğu ilişkinin ve gerçeklik deneyiminin dolaysız yerlemi ve boyutudur. Bedenin safi bir organizma olmaktan öte bütüncül bir bedenleşme deneyimi olması onu söylemlerin üzerine kazınabileceği pasif bir nesne olmaktan çıkararak ona güçlü faillik kazandırır. İşte tam da bu faillik potansiyeli nedeniyle her türlü biçimlendirici söylem (bilimsel ya da kültürel, geleneksel ya da modern) kendini gerçekleştirmek ve doğallaştırmak için modifikasyon üzerinden bedenleşme eğilimi gösterir. Buna karşılık, kültür teorisi içindeki bazı yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde beden modifikasyonu, düalist kategoriler içinde, geleneksellik ve modernlik kriterleri açısından birbirinden ayrı ve farklı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Beden modifikasyonlarının bu ayrıma göre karşılaştırılması, tıpkı Kartezyen düşüncenin akıl ve beden düalizminde olduğu gibi, orjinal ve dejenere, olumlu ve olumsuz, anlamlı ve anlamsız, kollektif ve bireysel gibi değer atfedici indirgemeler ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu indirgeyici yaklaşım açısından geleneksel beden modifikasyonları orjinallik taşırken, çağdaş modifikasyonlar postmodern bireyselliğin narsistik ve dejenere kendilik projeleri olarak eleştirilmektedir. Çağdaş beden modifikasyonlarının fenomenolojik değil; fakat köken merkezli ve sembolik kültürel yaklaşımlardan hareketle eleştirilmesi eğiliminin ve bu eğilimin ortaya çıkardığı problemlerin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, modifikasyon pratiklerinin neden fenomenolojik bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde ele alınması gerektiği tartışılmaktadır.
Selective Laser Melting for processing of regolith in support of a lunar base
Authors: Gerdes N. , Fokken L. G. , Linke S. , Kaierle S. , Suttmann O. , Hermsdorf J. , Stoll E. , Trentlage C.
Published: August 2018

Future space exploration will focus on destinations beyond the Earth’s orbit, which necessitates new technologies such as In-Space Resource Utilization. This paper presents a technological approach for the processing of lunar regolith via an adapted laser based Additive Layer Manufacturing method, which needs no binding additives or other supply from Earth. In support of large scaled structure construction on the lunar surface, the proposed Selective Laser Melting technology has the potential to drastically lower the transportation needs of such a mission while enabling high flexibility.
TECHNIQUE OF FORECASTING the PERFORMANCE TIME ON TRANSFER OF BULK CARGOES
Authors: Strelnikov Denis Dmitrievich
Published: August 2018

The process of transshipment of bulk cargo within the Eastern cargo terminal of the sea port of Novorossiysk has been considered. A method for calculating the performance of the crane group has been developed, taking into account the interaction of cordon and rear crane subgroups. The method is based on the practical process flow charts of Novorossiysk port for processing coal, cast iron and iron ore. There has been presented the designed method for calculating the coefficient of predicted performance of cargo handling for transshipping the bulk cargoes (e.g., coal, iron ore and cast iron) based on the data on performance of crane equipment, allocated resources (handling equipment and dock machine operator teams). The forecast performance ratio allows to determine whether the operation schedule is ahead or behind the standard of the process flow charts. The method of calculating the forecast time of transshipment of bulk cargoes has been offered, subject to the influence of meteorological factor on productivity of cargo operations. The formulas for calculating the estimated time of the cargo operations at all possible mutual locations on the time axis of the segments of the weather conditions and the time of the operation have been given.
ALLOWANCE FOR THE SHEAR WHEN CALCULATING SHIPBOARD BEAMS BEARING INTENSIVE LOCALY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Authors: Burakovskiy Evgeny Petrovich , Burakovskiy Pavel Evgenievich
Published: August 2018

In the process of operation, shipboard beams are subjected to the impact of various types of loads, the greatest danger being intense local distributed loads which are the main cause of damage to ship hulls. Therefore, designing ship hulls with minimum weight characteristics, as well as choosing the optimum sizes of connections when reinforcing the beams, require to use methods for calculating hull structures under the action of local loads beyond the elastic limit. The paper presents design models that allow taking into account shear effects in the beam walls, as well as the effect of the support forces on elastic-plastic base on their deformation. These problems can be avoided, if the sector of the frame on which shearing force has reached the limit value can be replaced by an ideal cable lying on the elastic-plastic base with variable stiffness characteristics. The results of the calculation of the shipboard beams have been compared using the described approach and the method of "instantaneous variation of bending parameters". It is shown that for large deflections the discrepancy is insignificant, which is explained by the dominant influence of the support forces on the side skin and longitudinal forces on the behavior of locally loaded frames. The proposed technique allows taking into account the impact of shear effects on deformation of locally loaded frames, which can be used in design and modernization of ship hulls to select the optimum sizes of connections.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR PROPULSION COMPLEXES WITH MEDIUM-SPEED ENGINES
Authors: Htet Paing Aung
Published: August 2018

The article gives an overview of the directions for the further development of software for computer-aided design systems for propulsion complexes with medium-speed engine. There has been proposed the system of CAD PC with electronic data processing based on the existing development and including the development of electronic data processing and gearbox databases, location of PC equipment on board the ship, determination of the stable dimensions of the shaft line according to the rules of the RF Register and oscillations of the console and span of the maximum length, justification of technical solutions using performance criteria. A typical scheme of computer-aided design has been considered, which includes new sections of computer-aided design with electronic data processing.
Addressing the Elephant in the Room. The Rise of President Mike Pence?
Authors: Cisneros Tirado José A. , Navarro Sequeira Melva G. , Scherlen Renee
Published: August 2018

¿Cuán factible es que el Donald Trump no concluya su periodo presidencial? El ahora presidente Trump hizo una muy polémica campaña política y no pocos de sus mensajes se tuvieron por xenófobos, misóginos y racistas. Después de convertirse en el XLV presidente de los Estados Unidos, varios especialistas esperaban que sus primeras acciones oficiales fueran menos controvertidas, lo cual habría establecido un tono más conciliador para el resto de su administración. Con todo, casi al final del primer año de su presidencia, éste no ha sido el caso. Hasta ahora, Trump ha firmado más de 60 decretos presidenciales, rebasando lo hecho por cualquier otro presidente durante ese mismo lapso. Estos decretos han confrontado directamente algunas de las acciones más prominentes de la anterior administración, lo cual ha contribuido a modificar el escenario político en los Estados Unidos. Asimismo, Trump ha intentado disminuir la regulación de los mercados financieros de Wall Street, reducir restricciones que protegen el medio ambiente e incluso modificar la configuración misma del Consejo Nacional de Seguridad. De igual forma, ha intentado en tres ocasiones prohibir la inmigración desde países mayormente musulmanes, construir un improbable muro fronterizo con México y hasta desarticular las reformas al sistema de seguridad social implementadas por Obama. Esta administración ha estado plagada de escándalos desde sus inicios, de entre los que se destaca la investigación que actualmente se conduce sobre la posible colusión entre la campaña presidencial de Trump y el gobierno ruso. Ante estos hechos, figuras prominentes del partido Republicano en el congreso han criticado duramente al presidente Trump. Con base en la Sección 4 de la XXV Enmienda, si el Vicepresidente y una mayoría simple del gabinete consideran que el Presidente no es apto para desempeñar las responsabilidades de su cargo puede ser removido del mismo y aquél ser designado como Presidente interino. Otra posibilidad es que el Presidente pudiera ser impugnado por abusar de su poder, obstruir la justicia o por un conflicto de intereses. A la luz del desempeño de la actual administración, este artículo propone una serie de escenarios prospectivos, entre los cuales se considera la posibilidad de que Trump no concluya su primer periodo presidencial, a causa tal vez o de la impugnación o la remoción del cargo con base en la XXV Enmienda y el consecuente encumbramiento de Mike Pence.
O cateterismo cardíaco e a enfermagem: a importância dos diagnósticos de enfermagem para uma assistência de qualidade
Authors: Oliveira Andréia Avelino , Viana Cidicléia Pereira , Silva Éricka Pereira Braga da , Maia Janize Silva , Pereira Maria Jesuela Basílio , Venturi Viviane , Maia Luiz Faustino dos Santos
Published: August 2018

Evidenciar os diagnósticos de enfermagem dos pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura de estudos científicos publicados no período de 2013 a 2016, cujas etapas foram fundamentadas em protocolo previamente estabelecido, visando manter o rigor científico e metodológico. O cateterismo é um exame capaz de fornecer informações detalhadas sobre a anatomia coronariana, permitindo a esquematização de um prognóstico e o delineamento da melhor estratégia terapêutica. Os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem estabelecidos para os pacientes submetidos ao procedimento são: ansiedade; conhecimento deficiente; comportamento de saúde propenso a risco; dor aguda; medo; mobilidade física prejudicada; risco de débito cardíaco diminuído; risco de lesão; risco de infecção; e proteção ineficaz. A SAE norteia a assistência prestada ao paciente por meio de cinco fases, sendo a segunda, de fundamental importância em função do julgamento realizado pelo enfermeiro das evidências percebidas durante a investigação.
Outcomes of the amphilimus-eluting polymer-free stent for chronic total occlusion treatment: a multicentre experience
Authors: Maeremans Joren , Cottens Daan , Azzalini Lorenzo , Pereira Bruno , Godino Cosmo , Carlino Mauro , Colombo Antonio , Frambach Peter , Bellini Barbara , Candilio Luciano , Briguori Carlo , Pierri Adele , Lamers Scott , Roux Lien , Duponselle Jolien , Vrolix Mathias , Dens Jo
Published: August 2018

Aims

Late stent thrombosis and delayed vessel wall healing remain an important issue in coronary vessels treated with drug-eluting stents (DES), especially when long-vessel segments need to be covered, like in chronic total occlusions (CTO). Avoiding polymer use to avoid chronic inflammatory responses is a potential solution to reduce target vessel failure (TVF). We aimed to validate the clinical safety and efficacy at 1 year of the polymer-free Cre8 DES vs. nonpolymer-free DES for the percutaneous treatment of CTO.

Methods

Between September 2011 and August 2016, patients were prospectively enrolled in three CTO centres. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including cardiac death, any myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, TVF and target vessel revascularization.

Results

A total of 102 Cre8 and 133 non-Cre8 patients were enrolled. At 1 year, a low cumulative MACCE was observed in the Cre8 group (6.9%, respectively). Moreover, a numerical trend towards better MACCE was observed in the Cre8 group vs. the non-Cre8 group (6.9 vs. 14.3%; P = 0.065). The clinically driven TVF rate was not statistically different between Cre8 and non-Cre8 patients (6.9 vs. 9.8%; P = 0.373). A borderline significant difference regarding mortality was observed in favour of Cre8 patients (0 vs. 3.8%; P = 0.049).

Conclusion

Low rates of MACCE and TVF up to 1 year were observed in the Cre8 group, supportive of the use of polymer-free DES for lesions with high complexity.
Indicadores de ansiedade social infantil e suas relações com habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento.
Authors: Freitas Lucas Cordeiro , Porfírio Jonas Caio Costa , Buarque Camila Do Nascimento Lins
Published: August 2018

A literatura internacional aponta que os sintomas de ansiedade social na infância podem estar associados a déficits de habilidades sociais e dificuldadesacadêmicas. Objetivou-se verificar a correlação entre indicadores de ansiedade social infantil e o repertório de habilidades sociais e problemas decomportamento. Participaram da pesquisa 76 estudantes, seus professores e pais, que responderam à Escala Multidimensional de Ansiedade para Crianças(MASC) e ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais, Problemas de Comportamento e Competência Acadêmica (SSRS). Foram encontradas correlações positivassignificativas apenas entre o escore global de habilidades sociais obtido na autoavaliação das crianças e os escores de ansiedade global e ansiedade social.
System of Micrographics and the Visual Practice of the “New Wave”: To the Defi nition of the Principles of Contemporary Design
Authors: Bu Yi
Published: August 2018

The paper is devoted to the study of the principles of micrographics in the artistic space and graphic design of the twentieth century. The article describes micrographics as an art phenomenon and considers it as an important element for the fi ne arts and graphics. The text studies principles of micrographic, which can be considered as an important component of the contemporary visual system. At the same time, micrographic elements defi ne the specifi cs of modern design. The article notes that micrographic principles are a common phenomenon in the visual systems throughout the 20th century. In addition, the article gives an attention to the typography and visual practice of the “New Wave” — the most important trend of graphic design in the second half of the 20th century. This phenomenon is considered as the central form of modern design whose specifi cs signifi cantly infl uenced the development of graphic design in general. At the same time, we observe the fact that the micrographic methods were important for the creation of the phenomenon of the “New Wave”. They correlate both: the visual system of the “New Wave” and the graphic program of modern graphic design. The article considers the main forms of micrographics, which were widely used in the system of “New Wave”. The author attempts to determine micrographics, and to give the characteristic of the “New Wave”. Micrographics is explored as a form in contemporary art space and as a system that had a signifi cant influence on the formation and development of the design in the twentieth century.
Deltiological Collection of Pskov Professor Yury Mukhin
Authors: Kiseleva N. A.
Published: August 2018

Every year the Pskov State University hosts the International scientifi c and practical conference “Mukhin readings”, which received its name in honor of the Doctor of psychological Sciences, Honorary Professor of the Department of pedagogics and psychology Yury Mikhailovich Mukhin. He would have turned 95 on July 24, 2018. He devoted many years of his life to the search and systematization of art postcards with the images of masterpieces of world art, which he used in scientifi c and pedagogical activities. The famous collection of Y.M. Mukhin includes more than 12 500 postcards; 10 994 of them were donated by the widow of the scientist to the Pskov regional universal scientifi c library (PRUSB), where they are now kept in the Department of literature on culture and art, as well as in the Regional Center for work with rare and valuable documents of PRUSB. The article describes the content and value of this collection, the main part of which is devoted to paintings, but there are series of postcards with graphics, engravings, sculpture, jewelry, arts and crafts, book illustrations and miniatures, photos, etc. The cards represent a wide variety of pictorial genres: portraits, landscapes, still life, as well as historical, military, religious, domestic genre scenes. You can see here the paintings by famous Russian and foreign artists, as well as works of little-known and unknown authors. The presented reproductions demonstrate the values that the world’s largest galleries and museums have, covering historical periods from ancient times to the end of the 20th century, and acquaint with the paintings, on which many generations were brought up. Truly, the collection of Y.M. Mukhin is the pride of the people of Pskov and is the unique encyclopedia of art, the art world in miniature.
Luce Irigaray
Authors: Karcher Katharina , Karcher Katharina
Published: August 2018

Luce Irigaray is the Director of Research in Philosophy at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de Paris. A doctor in linguistics and philosophy, a leading cultural theorist, an experienced therapist and author of more than 30 books on a range of subjects, Luce Irigaray truly is an interdisciplinary thinker. Thanks to support from the French Embassy in London, the Institute of Advanced Study, the Centre for the Study of Women and Gender, the Society for Women in Philosophy (SWIP), and the Departments of English and History, she visited the University of Warwick on 7 June 2013. A lecture and roundtable discussion was attended by students and academics from many different departments, forming questions and ideas across and beyond disciplines. The day concluded with a reception and animated conversations that carried on until late in the evening.  Before leaving Warwick, Luce Irigaray kindly agreed to give an exclusive interview to ‘Exchanges’, some of which is included in this discussion of her ideas.
Autoignition Behavior of an Ethanol-Methylcellulose Gel Droplet in a Hot Environment
Authors: Lee Donggi , Won Jonghan , Baek Seung , Kim Hyemin
Published: August 2018

Autoignition of an ethanol-based gel droplet was experimentally investigated by adding 10 wt % of methylcellulose as gellant to liquid ethanol. Experimental studies of the ignition behavior of the gel droplet were found to be quite rare. The initial droplet diameter was 1.17 ± 0.23 mm. The gel droplet was suspended on a K-type thermocouple and its evaporation, ignition and combustion characteristics were evaluated and compared with pure ethanol at an ambient temperature of 600, 700, and 800 °C under atmospheric pressure conditions. The gel droplet exhibited swelling and vapor jetting phenomena. Before ignition, a linear decrease in droplet diameter followed by a sudden increase was repeatedly observed, which was caused by evaporation and swelling processes, respectively. Major droplet swelling was detected just before the onset of ignition at all temperatures. But no further swelling was detected after ignition. For the gel droplet, the ignition delay accounted for 93% of the droplet lifetime at 600 °C, and 88% at 700 °C, but only 31% at 800 °C. Its average burning rate was also evaluated for all temperatures. At 800 °C, the gellant layer no longer exerts any influence on the combustion of the gel droplet.
Research on a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Energy Management Strategy Considering Drivability
Authors: Yang Ye , Zhang Youtong , Tian Jingyi , Zhang Si
Published: August 2018

Plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) is some of the most promising products to address air pollution and the energy crisis. Considering the switching between different working modes often bring about sudden changes of the torque and the speed of different power sources, which may lead to the instability of the power output and affect the driving performance and ride comfort, it is of great significance to develop a real-time optimal energy management strategy for PHEBs to achieve the optimization of fuel economy and drivability. In this study, the proposed strategy includes an offline part and an online part. In the offline part, firstly, the energy conversion coefficient s(t) is optimized by linear weight particle swarm optimization algorithm (LinWPSO), then, the optimization results of s(t) are converted into a 2-dimensional look-up table. Secondly, combined with three typical driving cycle conditions, the gear-shifting correction and mode switching boundary parameters that affect the drivability of the vehicle are extracted by dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. In the online part, combined with the s(t), the gear-shifting correction and mode switching boundary parameters which are obtained through offline optimization, the real-time energy management strategy is proposed to solve the trade-off problem between minimizing the fuel consumption and improving the drivability and riding comfort. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified with simulation, the results show that the proposed strategy can guarantee the engine and the electric motor (EM) work in the high-efficiency area with optimal energy distribution while keeping drivability in the variation of driving circle. The overall performance is improved by 18.54% compared with the rule-based control strategy. The proposed strategy may provide theoretical support for the optimal control of PHEB.
Recognizing Women Leaders in Fire Science
Authors: Smith Alistair , Kolden Crystal , Prichard Susan , Gray Robert , Hessburg Paul , Balch Jennifer
Published: August 2018

Across the breadth of fire science disciplines, women are leaders in fire research and development. We want to acknowledge some of these leaders to promote diversity across our disciplines. In Fire, we are also happy to announce a new Special Collection, through which we will continue to acknowledge current and future Diversity Leaders in Fire Science by inviting contributions from the leaders in this editorial, among others.
Compositional Analysis of the Associations between 24-h Movement Behaviours and Health Indicators among Adults and Older Adults from the Canadian Health Measure Survey
Authors: McGregor Duncan E. , Carson Valerie , Palarea-Albaladejo Javier , Dall Philippa M. , Tremblay Mark S. , Chastin Sebastien F. M.
Published: August 2018

This study investigated the association between the allocation of time-use over the 24-h day between sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA)) and health indicators. A cross-sectional analysis of Canadian Health Measures Survey data was undertaken using compositional data analysis. SB, LPA and MVPA were derived from Actical accelerometers, whilst sleep was self-reported by respondents. The analysis was stratified by age; adults (aged 18–64 years; n = 6322) and older adults (65–79 years; n = 1454). For adults, beneficial associations were observed between larger proportions of MVPA relative to time in other behaviours and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, aerobic fitness, resting heart rate, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose and insulin levels. More time spent in sleep relative to other movement behaviours was deleteriously associated with aerobic fitness, HDL cholesterol, insulin, C-reactive proteins and grip strength but beneficially with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Relative time spent in LPA was deleteriously associated with BMI and beneficially with triglycerides and grip strength. In older adults, these associations were blunted or disappeared but larger proportions of MVPA were associated with better mental health. The importance to health of MVPA when explicitly considered relative to other movement behaviours was confirmed.
Technology Evolution of China’s Export of Renewable Energy Products
Authors: Cao Xuping , Rajarshi Aroskar , Tong Juxi
Published: August 2018

With the increasing scarcity of traditional energy sources, global warming and environmental degradation, the increased use of renewable energy (RE) has become an effective path for sustainable development. Therefore, countries are paying more and more attention to the development of the RE industry, and the world trade in renewable energy products (REPs) is developing rapidly. First of all, this paper defines REPs, refines the scope of REPs, and proposes the “Equalization Technology Classification” method for the technology classification of REPs. Second, based on the United Nations Comtrade (COMTRADE) data, the export technology structure of China’s REPs from 2007 to 2016 was empirically measured. Finally, a comparative study was conducted on the renewable energy product (REP) export technologies of major REP exporting countries (or regions) in the world. We found that (1) China’s exports of REPs are mainly medium-high and medium technical complexity products, and that there are few high technical complexity products; (2) the export technology structure of China’s REPs is deteriorating, and its overall technical level is in the middle of the global industrial value chain. The export technology of China’s REPs has a gap compared with that of Denmark, Hong Kong China, and Singapore; (3) the technological competition of the world’s REPs is becoming increasingly fierce. The growth rates of REP technologies in South Korea, Japan, and Malaysia’s REPs are significantly higher than that of China.
6 Hz Active Anticonvulsant Fluorinated N-Benzamide Enaminones and Their Inhibitory Neuronal Activity
Authors: Amaye Isis J. , Heinbockel Thomas , Woods Julia , Wang Zejun , Martin-Caraballo Miguel , Jackson-Ayotunde Patrice
Published: August 2018

A small library of novel fluorinated N-benzamide enaminones were synthesized and evaluated in a battery of acute preclinical seizure models. Three compounds (GSA 62, TTA 35, and WWB 67) were found to have good anticonvulsant activity in the 6-Hz ‘psychomotor’ 44-mA rodent model. The focus of this study was to elucidate the active analogs’ mode of action on seizure-related molecular targets. Electrophysiology studies were employed to evaluate the compounds’ ability to inhibit neuronal activity in central olfactory neurons, mitral cells, and sensory-like ND7/23 cells, which express an assortment of voltage and ligand-gated ion channels. We did not find any significant effects of the three compounds on action potential generation in mitral cells. The treatment of ND7/23 cells with 50 µM of GSA 62, TTA 35, and WWB 67 generated a significant reduction in the amplitude of whole-cell sodium currents. Similar treatment of ND7/23 cells with these compounds had no effect on T-type calcium currents, indicating that fluorinated N-benzamide enaminone analogs may have a selective effect on voltage-gated sodium channels, but not calcium channels.
Concentration and Potential Ecological Risk of PAHs in Different Layers of Soil in the Petroleum-Contaminated Areas of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Di , Ma Jing , Li Hao , Zhang Xingchang
Published: August 2018

The three most representative areas of petroleum pollution on the Loess Plateau are the research subjects of this study. In this study, 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by the QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The total concentrations of ∑16PAHs in top layer soils (0–10 cm), middle layer soils (10–30 cm), and bottom layer soils (30–50 cm) ranged from 1010.67 to 18,068.80, 495.85 to 9868.56 and 213.16 to 12,552.53 μg/kg, with an average of 5502.44, 2296.94 and 2203.88 μg/kg, respectively. The 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs were the most prominent components in all soil samples. Meanwhile, the average value of ∑16PAHs decreased with the depth, from 5502.44 μg/kg (0–10 cm) to 2203.88 μg/kg (30–50 cm). The PAHs levels in the studied soils were heavily polluted (over 1000 μg/kg) according to the Soils Quality Guidelines and 95% of PAHs come from petroleum sources. Moreover, the total of PAHs in petroleum-contaminated soils was assigned a high ecological risk level. Toxic equivalency quantities (TEQs) indicated that PAHs in petroleum-contaminated soils presented relatively high toxicity.
Stress-Induced Phosphorylation of Nuclear YB-1 Depends on Nuclear Trafficking of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase
Authors: Tiwari Aadhya , Rebholz Simone , Maier Eva , Dehghan Harati Mozhgan , Zips Daniel , Sers Christine , Rodemann H. Peter , Toulany Mahmoud
Published: August 2018

Ionizing radiation (IR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulate Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) phosphorylation at Ser-102 in KRAS wild-type (KRASwt) cells, whereas in KRAS mutated (KRASmut) cells, YB-1 is constitutively phosphorylated, independent of IR or EGF. YB-1 activity stimulates the repair of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nucleus. Thus far, the YB-1 nuclear translocation pattern after cell exposure to various cellular stressors is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the pattern of YB-1 phosphorylation and its possible translocation to the nucleus in KRASwt cells after exposure to IR, EGF treatment, and conditional expression of mutated KRAS(G12V). IR, EGF, and conditional KRAS(G12V) expression induced YB-1 phosphorylation in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of KRASwt cells. None of the stimuli induced YB-1 nuclear translocation, while p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK) translocation was enhanced in KRASwt cells after any of the stimuli. EGF-induced RSK translocation to the nucleus and nuclear YB-1 phosphorylation were completely blocked by the EGF receptor kinase inhibitor erlotinib. Likewise, RSK inhibition blocked RSK nuclear translocation and nuclear YB-1 phosphorylation after irradiation and KRAS(G12V) overexpression. In summary, acute stimulation of YB-1 phosphorylation does not lead to YB-1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Rather, irradiation, EGF treatment, or KRAS(G12V) overexpression induces RSK activation, leading to its translocation to the nucleus, where it activates already-existing nuclear YB-1. Our novel finding illuminates the signaling pathways involved in nuclear YB-1 phosphorylation and provides a rationale for designing appropriate targeting strategies to block YB-1 in oncology as well as in radiation oncology.
Plant Defense Genes against Biotic Stresses
Authors: Diaz Isabel
Published: August 2018

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Effect of N- and C-Terminal Amino Acids on the Interfacial Binding Properties of Phospholipase D from Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Wang Fanghua , Wei Ruixia , Abousalham Abdelkarim , Chen Wuchong , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua
Published: August 2018

The effects of N-terminal (1–34 amino acids) and C-terminal (434–487 amino acids) amino acid sequences on the interfacial binding properties of Phospholipase D from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpPLD) were characterized by using monomolecular film technology. Online tools allowed the prediction of the secondary structure of the target N- and C-terminal VpPLD sequences. Various truncated forms of VpPLD with different N- or C-terminal deletions were designed, based on their secondary structure, and their membrane binding properties were examined. The analysis of the maximum insertion pressure (MIP) and synergy factor “a” indicated that the loop structure (1–25 amino acids) in the N-terminal segment of VpPLD had a positive effect on the binding of VpPLD to phospholipid monolayers, especially to 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The deletion affecting the N-terminus loop structure caused a significant decrease of the MIP and synergy factor a of the protein for these phospholipid monolayers. Conversely, the deletion of the helix structure (26–34 amino acids) basically had no influence on the binding of VpPLD to phospholipid monolayers. The deletion of the C-terminal amino acids 434–487 did not significantly change the binding selectivity of VpPLD for the various phospholipid monolayer tested here. However, a significant increase of the MIP value for all the phospholipid monolayers strongly indicated that the three-strand segment (434–469 amino acids) had a great negative effect on the interfacial binding to these phospholipid monolayers. The deletion of this peptide caused a significantly greater insertion of the protein into the phospholipid monolayers examined. The present study provides detailed information on the effect of the N- and C-terminal segments of VpPLD on the interfacial binding properties of the enzyme and improves our understanding of the interactions between this enzyme and cell membranes.
Implications of Metal Binding and Asparagine Deamidation for Amyloid Formation
Authors: Sadakane Yutaka , Kawahara Masahiro
Published: August 2018

Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid formation, i.e., self-assembly of proteins and the resulting conformational changes, is linked with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, prion diseases, and Lewy body diseases. Among the factors that accelerate or inhibit oligomerization, we focus here on two non-genetic and common characteristics of many amyloidogenic proteins: metal binding and asparagine deamidation. Both reflect the aging process and occur in most amyloidogenic proteins. All of the amyloidogenic proteins, such as Alzheimer’s β-amyloid protein, prion protein, and α-synuclein, are metal-binding proteins and are involved in the regulation of metal homeostasis. It is widely accepted that these proteins are susceptible to non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications, and many asparagine residues of these proteins are deamidated. Moreover, these two factors can combine because asparagine residues can bind metals. We review the current understanding of these two common properties and their implications in the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative diseases.
TGF-β Signaling in Lung Health and Disease
Authors: Saito Akira , Horie Masafumi , Nagase Takahide
Published: August 2018

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is an evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic factor that regulates a myriad of biological processes including development, tissue regeneration, immune responses, and tumorigenesis. TGF-β is necessary for lung organogenesis and homeostasis as evidenced by genetically engineered mouse models. TGF-β is crucial for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during lung branching morphogenesis and alveolarization. Expression and activation of the three TGF-β ligand isoforms in the lungs are temporally and spatially regulated by multiple mechanisms. The lungs are structurally exposed to extrinsic stimuli and pathogens, and are susceptible to inflammation, allergic reactions, and carcinogenesis. Upregulation of TGF-β ligands is observed in major pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, bronchial asthma, and lung cancer. TGF-β regulates multiple cellular processes such as growth suppression of epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cell differentiation, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix organization. These effects are closely associated with tissue remodeling in pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. TGF-β is also central to T cell homeostasis and is deeply involved in asthmatic airway inflammation. TGF-β is the most potent inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells and is pivotal to the development of tumor-promoting microenvironment in the lung cancer tissue. This review summarizes and integrates the current knowledge of TGF-β signaling relevant to lung health and disease.
Feasibility Evaluation of Preparing Asphalt Mixture with Low-Grade Aggregate, Rubber Asphalt and Desulphurization Gypsum Residues
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Zhang Ben , Chen Huaxin , Kuang Dongliang
Published: August 2018

Road construction consumes great amounts of high-grade natural resources. Using low-grade natural rocks or some solid wastes as substitute materials is a hot topic. Considering this, the feasibility of using low-grade granite aggregate, solid waste-based filler (desulphurization gypsum residues, DGR) and binder (waste tire rubber modified asphalt, RMA) simultaneously in asphalt mixtures has been fully investigated in this research. The commonly used base asphalt and limestone powder (LP) filler were control groups. Material characteristics of raw materials mainly including micro-morphology, functional group, mineral phase, chemical composition and thermal stability were first evaluated in order to recognize them. Four asphalt mixtures (two asphalt binder and two filler) were then designed by standard Superpave method. Finally, a detailed investigation into the pavement performance of asphalt mixtures was carried out. The moisture damage resistance and low-temperature crack resistance were detected by the changing rules of stability, strength and fracture energy, and the high-temperature stability and fatigue performance were determined by wheel tracking test and indirect tensile (IDT) fatigue test, respectively. Results suggested that RMA and DGR both showed positive effects on the low-temperature crack resistance and fatigue property of the granite asphalt mixture. DGR also strengthened moisture stability. The contribution of RMA on high-temperature deformation resistance of the granite asphalt mixture was compelling. It can offset the insufficiency in high-temperature stability made by DGR. A conclusion can be made that asphalt mixture prepared with granite, DGR and RMA possesses satisfactory pavement performances.
Sensitivity-Based Fault Detection and Isolation Algorithm for Road Vehicle Chassis Sensors
Authors: Na Wonbin , Park Changwoo , Lee Seokjoo , Yu Seongo , Lee Hyeongcheol
Published: August 2018

Vehicle control systems such as ESC (electronic stability control), MDPS (motor-driven power steering), and ECS (electronically controlled suspension) improve vehicle stability, driver comfort, and safety. Vehicle control systems such as ACC (adaptive cruise control), LKA (lane-keeping assistance), and AEB (autonomous emergency braking) have also been actively studied in recent years as functions that assist drivers to a higher level. These DASs (driver assistance systems) are implemented using vehicle sensors that observe vehicle status and send signals to the ECU (electronic control unit). Therefore, the failure of each system sensor affects the function of the system, which not only causes discomfort to the driver but also increases the risk of accidents. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect and isolate faults in a vehicle control system. The proposed method calculates the constraints and residuals of 12 systems by applying the model-based fault diagnosis method to the sensor of the chassis system. To solve the inaccuracy in detecting and isolating sensor failure, we applied residual sensitivity to a threshold that determines whether faults occur. Moreover, we applied a sensitivity analysis to the parameters semi-correlation table to derive a fault isolation table. To validate the FDI (fault detection and isolation) algorithm developed in this study, fault signals were injected and verified in the HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) environment using an RCP (rapid control prototyping) device.
Joint Design of Space-Time Transmit and Receive Weights for Colocated MIMO Radar
Authors: Yu Ze , Wang Shusen , Liu Wei , Li Chunsheng
Published: August 2018

Compared with single-input multiple-output (SIMO) radar, colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar can detect moving targets better by adopting waveform diversity. When the colocated MIMO radar transmits a set of orthogonal waveforms, the transmit weights are usually set equal to one, and the receive weights are adaptively adjusted to suppress clutter based on space-time adaptive processing technology. This paper proposes the joint design of space-time transmit and receive weights for colocated MIMO radar. The approach is based on the premise that all possible moving targets are detected by setting a lower threshold. In each direction where there may be moving targets, the space-time transmit and receive weights can be iteratively updated by using the proposed approach to improve the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), which is helpful to improve the precision of target detection. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the output SINR by greater than 13 dB.
Robust Fusion of LiDAR and Wide-Angle Camera Data for Autonomous Mobile Robots
Authors: De Silva Varuna , Roche Jamie , Kondoz Ahmet
Published: August 2018

Autonomous robots that assist humans in day to day living tasks are becoming increasingly popular. Autonomous mobile robots operate by sensing and perceiving their surrounding environment to make accurate driving decisions. A combination of several different sensors such as LiDAR, radar, ultrasound sensors and cameras are utilized to sense the surrounding environment of autonomous vehicles. These heterogeneous sensors simultaneously capture various physical attributes of the environment. Such multimodality and redundancy of sensing need to be positively utilized for reliable and consistent perception of the environment through sensor data fusion. However, these multimodal sensor data streams are different from each other in many ways, such as temporal and spatial resolution, data format, and geometric alignment. For the subsequent perception algorithms to utilize the diversity offered by multimodal sensing, the data streams need to be spatially, geometrically and temporally aligned with each other. In this paper, we address the problem of fusing the outputs of a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanner and a wide-angle monocular image sensor for free space detection. The outputs of LiDAR scanner and the image sensor are of different spatial resolutions and need to be aligned with each other. A geometrical model is used to spatially align the two sensor outputs, followed by a Gaussian Process (GP) regression-based resolution matching algorithm to interpolate the missing data with quantifiable uncertainty. The results indicate that the proposed sensor data fusion framework significantly aids the subsequent perception steps, as illustrated by the performance improvement of a uncertainty aware free space detection algorithm.
Distributed Egocentric Betweenness Measure as a Vehicle Selection Mechanism in VANETs: A Performance Evaluation Study
Authors: Akabane Ademar , Immich Roger , Pazzi Richard , Madeira Edmundo , Villas Leandro
Published: August 2018

In the traditional approach for centrality measures, also known as sociocentric, a network node usually requires global knowledge of the network topology in order to evaluate its importance. Therefore, it becomes difficult to deploy such an approach in large-scale or highly dynamic networks. For this reason, another concept known as egocentric has been introduced, which analyses the social environment surrounding individuals (through the ego-network). In other words, this type of network has the benefit of using only locally available knowledge of the topology to evaluate the importance of a node. It is worth emphasizing that in this approach, each network node will have a sub-optimal accuracy. However, such accuracy may be enough for a given purpose, for instance, the vehicle selection mechanism (VSM) that is applied to find, in a distributed fashion, the best-ranked vehicles in the network after each topology change. In order to confirm that egocentric measures can be a viable alternative for implementing a VSM, in particular, a case study was carried out to validate the effectiveness and viability of that mechanism for a distributed information management system. To this end, we used the egocentric betweenness measure as a selection mechanism of the most appropriate vehicle to carry out the tasks of information aggregation and knowledge generation. Based on the analysis of the performance results, it was confirmed that a VSM is extremely useful for VANET applications, and two major contributions of this mechanism can be highlighted: (i) reduction of bandwidth consumption; and (ii) overcoming the issue of highly dynamic topologies. Another contribution of this work is a thorough study by implementing and evaluating how well egocentric betweenness performs in comparison to the sociocentric measure in VANETs. Evaluation results show that the use of the egocentric betweenness measure in highly dynamic topologies has demonstrated a high degree of similarity compared to the sociocentric approach.