bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language Assessment in Higher Education: Challenges and Consequences
Authors: Ashraf Almas , Zaki Dr. Sajida
Published: October 2020

Several research studies have reported that language assessment carried out at higher education institutes in Pakistan are far from satisfactory. However, they have not addressed the challenges causing these weaknesses. The present research, therefore, is an attempt to gain insight into the reasons of and the resulting consequences for these unsatisfactory assessment practices. The study followed a qualitative approach to develop a detailed understanding of the challenges and the ensuing consequences. Thirty teachers from higher education institutes were selected as a sample using purposive sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and examination papers. The findings indicate that teachers-cum-assessors face multiple challenges in language assessment. These challenges arise from various factors such as practicality, learners, test design, institutional obligations and teachers themselves. Although, the teachers employ several strategies to cope with the challenges, their negative impact is evident on the assessment practices in terms of selective skills and subskills as well as limited choice of test tasks. Assessment has a strong impact on language teaching and learning and the challenges in assessment hamper the language teachers from designing useful assessment. Therefore, by addressing the potential barriers, language assessment practices can be reshaped for conducive language learning and teaching. The results also emphasize the need to enhance language teachers’ assessment literacy through training and professional development programs.
TÜRKİYE’DE LOJİSTİK SEKTÖRÜ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN VAR ANALİZİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YURDAKUL Elif Meryem
Published: October 2020

Uluslararası ticaretin gelişmesiyle birlikte ürün ve hizmet ihtiyacının çeşitlenmesi, piyasanın değişen görünümü, üretim sisteminin yanı sıra lojistik olgusunu da ön plana çıkarmıştır. Lojistik; üretimden müşteriye kadar devam eden süreçte gerçekleşen dağıtım faaliyetlerinin tümüdür. Küreselleşme ile paralel büyüyen lojistik sektörü, hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ulusal gelire yaptığı katkılar ile toplam hizmet sektörü içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir.
Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de lojistik sektörünün ekonomik büyüme ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada 1998-2015 yılları üçer aylık verileri kullanılarak lojistik sektörü (Ulaştırma ve Depolama Faaliyetleri) ile ekonomik büyüme (GSYH) arasındaki ilişki; VAR (Vektör Otoregresyon) analizi yapılarak, VAR Granger Nedensellik, Etki Tepki Fonksiyonları ve Varyans Ayrıştırma testleri ile incelenmiştir. Yapılan Granger Nedensellik testi sonucunda Türkiye’de ekonomik büyümeden lojistik sektörüne doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Emmanuel Levinas: Um estudo sobre a ética da alteridade
Authors: Nascimento Abimael Francisco do
Published: October 2020

The general objective of this study is to analyze the postulate of the ethics of otherness as the first philosophy, presented by Emmanuel Levinas. It is a proposal that runs through Levinas' thinking from his theoretical foundations, to his philosophical criticism. Levinas' thought presents itself as a new thought, as a critique of ontology and transcendental philosophy. For him, the concern with knowledge and with being made the other to be forgotten, placing the other in totality. Levinas proposes the ethics of otherness as sensitivity to the other. The subject says here I am, making myself responsible for the other in an infinite way, in a transcendence without return to myself, becoming hostage to the other, as an irrefutable responsibility. The idea of the infinite, present in the face of the other, points to a responsibility whoever more assumes himself, the more one is responsible, until the substitution by other.
Pensar e construir: Experiência e vivências
Authors: Borges Damião Conceição de Souza , Silva Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes
Published: October 2020

In the face of a society that liquefies the dimensions of human existence, this project of strengthening institutional links is quite significant, as there is a concern with the formation of the human person as a whole. At the present time, self-donation seems to go against the prevailing “cultural” current. However, this work is proof that the collaborative dimension must be enhanced. Taking advantage of the institutional purpose in the various Campuses of the University of the State of Bahia (UNEB) and the interest of the Diocese of Ilhéus to build partnerships, an intertwining of interests arose, made positive by the conclusion of an agreement, the result of a pilgrimage of knowledge, juxtaposed in a common interest. The current “culture”, marked by immanence, which imprisons the human being in the immediate and does not respond to his deepest aspirations regarding the meaning of life, lacks a humanism that is capable of showing the existence of the Divine. The Ilheus School of Theology (ETEL), which aims to train its lay people, was based on the curricular structure of the Institute of Theology of the Diocese of Ilhéus, which became one of the most renowned institutes of Philosophy and Theology in Brazil. Through this agreement with UNEB, it was possible to academically institutionalize a relevant action already developed by the diocese. This partnership experience between UNEB and ETEL was and has been enriching, with gains for both institutions.
Intervenções de carreira ao longo da vida: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Luna Iúri Novaes , Mattos Valéria De Bettio
Published: October 2020

This book, comprised of 13 chapters, presents papers which discuss the processes related to the career along one’s life cycle, from adolescents’ professional choices until processes of retirement. Notwithstanding the diversity of life and work contexts, present in the different chapters, they all somewhat correspond in their central purpose, presenting both perspectives and challenges related to contemporary career interventions. Some chapters address themes that are still seldom explored in national literature, while others discuss subjects that are long established in the area, however they are innovative. The authors study them in the context of changes in the world of work in the second decade of the 21st century, of the new career models and psychosocial processes that are linked to human development throughout life. The studies and practices in vocational guidance, career development and retirement, included in this book, are the results of research and practice in recent years carried out by professionals, professors and academics that in different ways have collaborated with the activities of LIOP - Laboratory of Information and Professional Guidance, at the Federal University of Santa Catarina.
Tributação e constituição: Por um modo de tributar hermeneuticamente adequado à principiologia constitucional brasileira
Authors: Buffon Marciano , Steffens Ivan Luiz
Published: October 2020

The formal establishment of the Law and Democratic State by the 1988 Constitution introduces a paradigm shift with the commitment of a social nature to build a free, just and solidary society. In the tax field, this change suggests a targeted taxation to achieve these ends by the use of the redistributive function, with progressive taxation. However, despite the new institutional framework, the national taxation keeps regressive, and has promoted a redistribution of income in reverse. The study aims to address how taxation is being constructed and exercised, as well as its compliance with the paradigm of democratic rule of law. The analysis runs through the conceptual outlines of Law Democratic State, arising influence of the welfare state and Constitutionalism Contemporary post-war and the use of tax function in these state models. In the second phase, the study runs for the constitutional principles on tax matters, from the Hermeneutics of the Law Review, classified into two groups with a view to its relationship with the legal security and solidarity. Finally, it examines the composition of the tax burden and its discussion in the media, gathered with the possibility of greater transparency in taxation. It also analyzes the possibility of redistribution of the tax burden by applying the constitutional principles on taxes on income, wealth and consumption. The survey results indicate the need for structural modification of taxation in search of greater progressivity, given the current regressivity, which can be achieved by using the principle arsenal already provided by the Constitution.
Study of Groundwater Quality in Magelang City Due to the Impact of Domestic and Industrial Waste
Authors: Aji Muhammad Tri , Jailani Abdul Qadir
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the current condition of groundwater quality in the city of Magelang due to the disposal of domestic and industrial waste. The analysis used was to measure physical, chemical, and biological parameters in situ and ex-situ. The research method used purposive sampling and then analyzed descriptively using water quality standards. The results showed that the physical parameters were still in good condition, while the values (TSS) of Total Suspended Solid and Total Dissolved Solid was 3.7 mg / L and 227.95 mg / L. On the other hand, there was a fluctuation in the pH value at several water stations which showed a tendency to be acidic. Furthermore, the nitrate levels at research stations 1,6,7 and 9 showed values that exceeded the established threshold of 10 mg/L. Furthermore, for the BOD value that has a value of more than 2 mg / L as a requirement for entering class 1, groundwater quality is safe for hygienic, Chemical Oxygen Demand has a value that exceeds the maximum requirement of 10 mg/L in all research station and is categorized as heavy pollution. The total coliform value that exceeds the water quality standard for sanitation hygiene according to Permenkes No. 32 of 2017 at 50 MPN / 100ml. The quality of groundwater in the Magelang can be used for drinking water, provided that its use must go through the cooking process first.Keywords: Groundwater quality, waste, Magelang
Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Examination on Commodities of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Husna Nadiatul
Published: October 2020

The increasing utilization of the potential for fishery commodities and the traffic of fishery commodities between countries and between areas in the Indonesian territory is an opportunity for the risk of entry and spread of fish pests and diseases. One of the pathogens that are acute in nature that can cause great harm is a virus. The virus that often attacks freshwater fish is the Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). Virus examination using conventional PCR methods, starting with necropsy, fixation, extraction, amplification, electrophoresis, and reading the results. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of TiLV infection in freshwater fish commodities using the Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR method. This research was conducted on 23 December 2019-27 January 2020 at the Fish Quarantine Station for Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products in Yogyakarta. The samples examined were 14 samples of tilapia. Based on the test results, it was found that 2 positive samples contained TiLV RNA which showed a band at 250 bp length (base pairs) in tilapia seeds.Keywords: Tilapia Commodity, PCR method, TiLV.
Technical Study and Financial Analysis of Red Tilapia Cultivation (Oreochromis niloticus) in Running Water System Using Different Feeds at PT Ikan Bangun Indonesia (IWAKE) Bogor, West Java
Authors: Firdaus Raihan Maulana , Mulyono Mugi , Farchan Mochammad
Published: October 2020

Red tilapia is one of the commodities that can be cultivated in the running water pond. With the technology of running water ponds that depend on feeding. The cost of feed in production ranges from 60-70% of the total cost. Therefore, innovation in feed is needed to reduce production costs. Then an experiment was carried out aimed at finding out the efficiency in feeding maggot and pellet feed in red tilapia in the running water pond system. Some experiments were carried out by giving full feed pellets and substitution in maggot feed 50%. This research was conducted 75 days from March 2, 2020 to May 15, 2020. Observed parameters were production technique from stocking to harvest, frequency and dose, feed conversion ratio, daily weight gain, survival rate, and parameters water quality (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and water discharge). Daily average weight observations are carried out once a week. By providing different feeds, FCR is higher and pellet feed is superior to maggot and pellet combination feed. Pellet feeds produce FCR 2.8 and maggot and pellet combination feeds produce 3.79. With the loss of using maggot mixed feed IDR 15.709.111. Based on these results maggot feed experiments given did not provide a better effect than giving full pellet feed.Keywords: Experiment, red tilapia, different feeding, maggot, FCR, Financial Analysis.
The predetermined destiny, and its mathematical models within the neural network
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: October 2020

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles (EPs) are governed by physical laws (e.g., the Schrodinger equation). Let’s call the superdeterministic state machine which is formed by the world lines of all EPs the destiny. To a human neural network, the reality is a snapshot of the destiny. What a neural network perceives/predicts, is not the destiny itself (but a mathematical model (MM) of the destiny), but it is incorrectly treated by this neural network as the destiny, when this neural network deals with everyday challenges. The subjective experience is actually the use of a MM by a neural network within its low-level calculation. For example, when a neural network uses its geometric model of the destiny (GMD), it feels like the subjective experience of being immersed within a topological structure. The GMD, which is a component of the mind, is a real-time representation of all the EPs within the universe; the GMD only includes the physical objects perceived in the mind. A naïve cognitive researcher might incorrectly treat her GMD as the real world. A neural network can use its GMD. Using the semantics of human language, the use of GMD is described as subjectively experiencing the GMD. It’s possible that a neural network can’t subjectively experience its GMD. Otherwise, its subjective experience shouldn’t be able to impact the actual world line of any EP within this universe.
observasi tomat
Authors: Jumrawatimuhktar
Published: October 2020

Tujuan :menggambarkansegalasesuatu yang berkaitandenganobjekpenelitian,mengambil kesimpulanyang disusun menjadisebuah laporan yangrelevan dan bisabermanfaat sebagaisebuah materipembelajaran ataupenelitian.Beberapahalyang dijadikan latarbelakang mengapasebuahobservasiharusdilakukan ialah untukmengetahui segalasesuatu yang berkaitandengan objek secaralangsungdanjelastanpaharus memperkirakanobjek tersebut.Observasi yangdilakukanpadakalangananak-anak umumhasilnyalebihtepatdariobservasi pada orangdewasa. Kondisi inilantaran orang dewasacenderung tanpa sadarmengada-ada jawabandantidakapaadanya.
Proker sempak takrow desa paitana
Authors: Andika Nur
Published: October 2020

Kuliah kerja lapangan Plus (KKLP) merupakan suatu kegiatan perkuliahan yang bersifat intrakurikuler dalam bentuk ke masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh,karena sifatnya intrakurikuler sehingga setiap mahasiswa yang akan menyelesaikan studi perguruan tinggi pada suatu program Strata satu (S1) harus mengikuti KKLP. sempak takrow untuk menjalin hubungan dengan baik dan silahturahmi
An Extension of the Rules of Valid Syllogism to Rules of Conclusive Syllogisms with Indefinite Terms
Authors: Radulescu Dan Constantin
Published: October 2020

One extends to indefinite terms the Classical Syllogistics and the Rules of Valid Syllogism (RofVS). The valid syllo-gisms are generalized to conclusive syllogisms, made of conclusive pairs of categorical premises and their logical consequences (LCs), which all may contain indefinite terms: the positive, S,P,M, terms, and their complementary sets in the universe of discourse, U, i.e., the negative terms. A “pattern and type” classification, splits the 32 conclusive syllogisms into four types, Barbara, Darapti or Darii and Disamis – each containing eight syllogisms, which follow only three “patterns of inclusion and intersection”, namely either S⊆M⊆P (Barbara), or, M⊆S, M⊆P (Darapti), or M S≠Ø, M⊆P (Darii). (The Disamis type syllogisms follow the Darii pattern, but switch the roles played by the P and S terms.) By using only four Rules of Conclusive Syllogisms (RofCS), (and abandoning the RofVS “two negative prem-ises are not allowed” and “the middle term has to be dis-tributed in at least one premise”), one can make the RofCS into a “theory” "almost equivalent" with the formulas which describe all the conclusive syllogisms, including existential import syllogisms (to which the RofVS do not make any reference). Very importantly, each precise LC of the Barba-ra, Darapti and Darii patterns pinpoints a unique partitioning subset of U: S=S M P and P'=S' M' P' for Bar-bara’s pattern - which entails two LCs; M=M S P for Darapti’s pattern; S M P≠Ø for Darii’s pattern. The middle term’s elimination from the LC, initiated by Aristo-tle, simplifies, but weakens the LC.
seminar kecamatan
Authors: HARDININGSI1616 TRI HUTAMI
Published: October 2020

untukmempererat talisilaturahmi antaramahasiswa dan aparatdantokohmasyarakatdikecamatanrumbia.Mamfaat:makadariitukami saling bekerjasama untukmengadakan programkerja di kecamatantepatnya di desajenetallasa untukmengembangkan bakat dan memeriahkankecamatan rumbia
Gender Gaps in the Chilean Young Investigator Grant and the Potential Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns in 2020
Authors: Garrido-Vásquez Patricia , Vaccari Pamela , Villagran Loreto
Published: October 2020

Gender gaps are a problem in academia and impede the advancement of women. For example, women have lower application and success rates than men in many grant competitions, which has been shown for different countries and funding schemes. We analysed gender gaps in the Chilean Young Investigator Grant (Fondecyt de Iniciación en Investigación) from 2010 to 2020 and explored the potential impact of COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. Our findings show an overall significant gender gap in success rates, which varies over the years and differs between disciplines. In 2020, the share of female applicants increased nonsignificantly, and there was a significant decrease of applicants under 40 years. This may indicate that women with small children applied less than usual. Our results imply that funding bodies and policymakers should implement new measures to reduce gender gaps and that the pandemic may particularly affect young female scientists.
Gauge Theory of Two Component Bose-Einstein Condensates
Authors: Hadi Miftachul
Published: October 2020

We review the paper of Y.M. Cho, et al\cite{cho} by focusing on the gauge theory of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates.
renovasi batas dusun
Authors: HARDININGSI1616 TRI HUTAMI
Published: October 2020

Tujuan : untukmemperbaharui batasdusunyangsudahmulaipudar.Mamfaat:batasdusunkelihatanlebihjelasdanindahdipandang.
MENSTIMULASI PRAKTIK GEREJA RUMAH JEMAAT GBI SOKANANDI DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID -19
Authors: Natalia Kesya Key
Published: October 2020

Di Indonesia sebagaimana belahan dunia lainnya, kini diperhadapkan dengan adanya krisis yang disebabkan pandemi covid-19 ini. Kondisi ini sedikit banyak berimplikasi pada munculnya formula-formula atau rumusan-rumusan baru disekitar ajaran gereja kedepannya. Awal mula munculnya virus ini masih menjadi perdebatan diantara para ahli setidaknya hingga sekarang untuk memastikan asal muasal wabah ini, ada yang mengatakan akibat kebocoran laboratorium, ada pula yang mengatakan akibat virus kelelawar di pasar gelap di Wuhan.
PEMBUATAN BATAS DUSUN
Authors: MIRNAWATI
Published: October 2020

Tujuan:untukmembuatbatas antara dusunbalebalang dan dusunsanggaringan.Mamfaat:setelahadanyabatasdusunmasyarakatatau pun warga diluardusun tersebut lebihmudahmengetahuibatasdusun balebalang dandusunsanggaringan.
What do you mean by ‘informed consent’? Ethics in economic development research
Authors: Josephson Anna , Smale Melinda
Published: October 2020

The ethical conduct of research requires the informed consent and voluntary participation of research participants. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) work to ensure that these ethical standards are met. However, incongruities in perspective and practice exist across regions. In this paper, we focus on informed consent as practiced by agricultural and applied economists, with emphasis on research conducted in low income and/or developing countries. IRB regulations are clear but heterogeneous, emphasizing process, rather than outcome. The lack of IRBs and institutional reviews in some contexts and the particulars of the principles employed in others may fail to adequately protect research participants.
Emotion as information in early social learning
Authors: Wu Yang , Schulz Laura , Frank Michael C. , Gweon Hyowon
Published: October 2020

The majority of research on infants’ and children’s understanding of emotional expressions has focused on their abilities to use emotional expressions to infer how other people feel. However, an emerging body of work suggests that emotional expressions support rich, powerful inferences not just about emotional states but also about other unobserved states, such as hidden events in the physical world and mental states of other people (e.g., beliefs and desires). Here we argue that infants and children harness others’ emotional expressions as a source of information for learning about the physical and social world broadly. This “emotion as information” framework integrates affective, developmental, and computational cognitive sciences, extending the scope of signals that count as “information” in early learning.
Anticipation of novel environments enhances memory for incidental information
Authors: Cen Danlu , Gkoumas Christos , Gruber Matthias
Published: October 2020

Novelty is known to be a potent learning signal and has intrinsic motivational value, but little is known whether anticipation of novelty can enhance memory for incidental information that is encountered during the anticipation period. It is also unclear how anticipation of novelty relates to other intrinsic motivational states such as curiosity. Here, we used a newly developed VR paradigm in which participants actively navigated towards novel or previously familiarised rooms, and incidentally encountered objects on their way to the rooms. Across immediate and delayed surprise memory tests, participants showed superior recollection for incidental objects encountered while anticipating novel rooms as compared to familiar rooms, indicating a beneficial effect of novelty anticipation on memory for incidental information. Moreover, participants who reported higher curiosity for novel rooms exhibited more memory enhancement for incidental objects, suggesting that curiosity might be one important factor contributing to novelty-related memory enhancements.
Reward Does Not Modulate the Preview Benefit in Visual Search
Authors: Mine Chisato , Most Steven , Le Pelley Mike
Published: October 2020

!!! AUTHOR’S MANUSCRIPT COPY !!!This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Visual Cognition. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version is published as:Mine, C., Most, S. B., Le Pelley, M. E. (2021). Reward Does Not Modulate the Preview Benefit in Visual Search. Visual Cognition, 29(4), 248-262, DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2021.1895941Preview benefit refers to faster search for a target when a subset of distractors is seen prior to the search display. We investigated whether reward modulates this effect. Participants identified a target among non-targets on each trial. On “preview” trials, placeholders occupied half the search array positions prior to the onset of the full array. On “non-preview” trials, no placeholders preceded the full search array. On preview trials, the target could appear at either a placeholder position (old-target-location condition) or a position where no placeholder had been (new-target-location condition). Critically, the color of the stimulus array indicated whether participants would earn reward for a correct response. We found a typical preview benefit, but no evidence that reward modulated this effect, despite a manipulation check showing that stimuli in the reward-signaling color tended to capture attention on catch trials. The results suggest that reward learning does not modulate the preview benefit.
Bringing access and benefit sharing into the digital age
Authors: Aubry Sylvain , Frison Christine , Medaglia Jorge Cabrera , Frison Emile , Jaspars Marcel , Rabone Muriel , Sirakaya Aysegül , Saxena Devanshi , van Zimmeren Esther
Published: October 2020

Reading and writing DNA is now possible with an unprecedented speed and ease. Until recently, the global political and legal instruments regulating genetic resources globally exclusively focused on access to physical genetic resources without considering possible consequences of their digitization. Following significant tensions in the various international forums addressing access and benefit sharing of genetic resources, we advocate here a new Multi-stakeholder Committee on the Governance of Digital Sequence Information, dedicated to solving governance issues associated with digitization of genetic resources. This body will constitute a transversal and inclusive tool that will facilitate long-term coherence in all policy sectors dealing with genetic resources.
ПІДСИСТЕМА «ПРАЦІВНИК» У СИСТЕМІ КЕРУВАННЯ ОХОРОНОЮ ПРАЦІ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ
Authors: Berezutskyi V. V.  , Ilinska O. I.
Published: October 2020

Розглянуто теоретичні засади щодо підходів у вирішенні проблеми зменшення травматизму та покращення умов праці. Показано, що складність питання щодо забезпечення ефективного рівня безпеки працівників, вимагає застосування багатофакторних методів дослідження. Наведені результати у теоретичному досліджені довели необхідність та можливість використання теорії системного аналізу у поєднанні із теорією автоматичного керування та теорії надійності для досягнення цієї мети. Визначено, що виробничі умови праці та завдання, які висуваються керівниками до працівників, у 21 сторіччі, все більше набувають формалізованого (детермінованого) вигляду. Працівники на виробництві щодо питань безпечного поводження, повинні дотримуватись правил, які обмежують їх активність, а це накладає відбиток на їх поведінку. Доведено, що треба враховувати можливі збурення та протидію щодо виконання цих правил та обмежень. Необхідно реєструвати усі помилки та відхилення від нормального стану працівника починаючи із самих незначних. Показано, що система керування безпекою базується на ефективній та безпомилкової роботи підсистеми «працівник», яка носить ймовірнісний характер (за природою свого походження), тобто помилки можуть мати місце у роботі. Вказується на необхідність врахування усіх складових дуалістичної схеми керування СУПБЗ. Наголошується на тому, що необхідно переглянути усі інструкції з охорони праці із урахуванням ризиків не виконання вимог безпеки та з урахуванням їх наслідків. Звертається увага на те, що системи автоматичного контролю у системах автоматичного керування, повинні бути втілені на виробництві для забезпечення реєстрації безпомилкової роботи працівників, та надання їм допомоги у разі складних виробничих ситуацій.
The Ecclesiastical Missions of Russia in Japan and Jerusalem: The Edges of Convergence
Authors: Smirnova Irina
Published: October 2020

Based on new archival materials, the article reconstructs the picture of the Russian Church presence in Japan and the Holy Land at the end of the 1870s and early 1880s. This was a key period in the fate of the Japan and Jerusalem Russian Ecclesiastical Missions, when both Missions suffered crises that brought them to the verge of closure. The author considers the characteristic features and general patterns of the Russian Ecclesiastical presence abroad in the context of interfaith competition and inter-agency contradictions. The article reveals the reasons that hindered the effective work of Russian Church representatives abroad and pays special attention to the political importance of the Japan and Jerusalem REM.
Existential risks and problem of escapism under conditions of e-culture
Authors: Baeva Liudmila
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of new existential problems of man in the conditions of electronic culture, forms of alienation from reality, virtual escapism, “being to death” in network communities of suicidal orientation, new forms of transcendence in electronic culture. The human existence under the e-culture conditions causes a shift in its main spheres (communication, creativity, education, leisure, art), forms a range of new problems both in value, ethical and ontological-existential relations. On the basis of the existential-axiological approach, it is shown how the values of the reality and game, life and death shift in the minds of young people in network communities and “death groups” in search of their own individuality and freedom from the society. It is identified that the electronic environment allows to transform communication, change the character of sociality, existence and transcendence of a person in the virtual being. The study results show that today the electronic environment has become not only a stronghold of modern communication and unprecedented integration of the society, but also a ground for deliberate and unconscious escape from the social reality, new manifestations of escapism and giving up the desire to live in the reality.
The system of the Russian prosody
Authors: Yanko Tatiana
Published: October 2020

This paper is aimed at illustrating the phenomenon of compositionality in the system of the communicative meanings and their prosodic means of expression. The regularity in combining the communicative meanings is illustrated by the compositions of 1) the illocutionary meanings, 2) the meaning of discourse incompleteness, and 3) the meaning of communicative contrast. It is demonstrated that discourse incompleteness functions not only within the row of statements which constitute a connected text, but also within sequences of questions, including the contrastive contexts. The systemic method of analysis has been applied therefore to the description of a fragment of linguistic pragmatics. The material for the analysis is a minor working corpus of the sound speech specifically set up for this investigation on the basis the Russian National corpus.
The emotive component of meaning of Russian adjectives
Authors: Orzechowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

The article presents research into the most emotive adjectives excerpted from a linguo-psychological dictionary (“Senses, Emotions and Adjectives of the Russian Language”). An attempt was made to distinguish the emotive component of their meaning by ascribing to them appropriate affective expressions from a dictionary of associations. This approach proved effective for most of the analyzed adjectives whose emotive value is implicit (connotative adjectives).
A taboo on personal names and on the pronoun ty as a component of Russian speech etiquette
Authors: Fedosyuk Mikhail
Published: October 2020

The article shows that the language taboo on pronouncing personal names, which is usually described as a phenomenon typical of archaic cultures, is also characteristic of the modern Russian language, where names of older relatives usually are replaced by words dad, mother, grandfather, grandmother, uncle and aunt. In the XVIII and XIX centuries in Russia there was a taboo on the use of names, patronymics and surnames of persons senior in civil or military rank. At present, it is preserved in the military sphere of communication, where it is forbidden to address by name or surname to senior in rank. The taboo phenomenon can also be an explanation of etiquette designation the respected interlocutor by Russian pronoun vy (ʻyouʼ pl.) instead of ty (ʻyouʼ sg.).
New phenomena in usage of the lexemes mentalitet and mental’nost’ in contemporary Russian speech
Authors: Zhukovskaya Larisa
Published: October 2020

The article considers reflexes of non-standard language representations of the international lexemes mentalitet and mental’nost’ in contemporary Russian speech as indicator of communicative-discursive appropriation of corresponding foreign-culture concept “mentality”. The purpose is to study changes of conditions of lexemes’ standard attributive compatibility. The material of the study is contexts of usage of these words in Russian National Corpus and in the Internet-communication. The models of word-combinations “adjective + substantive” with attributed words mentalitet and mental’nost’ are analyzed. The findings are that extension of spheres of their application and opportunity of evaluative reception of their primordially non-evaluative conceptual content demonstrates continuing tendency to cultural appropriation of the foreign-culture concept “mentality” in contemporary Russian speech.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF WHITE BLOOD IN CATS WITH THE COMBINED USE OF THE DRUGS HEMOBALANCE AND VETOM 1
Authors: Nozdrin G. A. , Tishkov S. N. , Nozdrin A. G. , Dugushkina M. O. , Savchenko O. L. , Ukhlova A. V.
Published: October 2020

The effect of the complex vitamin-mineral preparation Hemobalance for the optimization of hematopoietic processes in animals during complex restorative therapy and the probiotic preparation Vetom 1, containing at least 1ˑ106 CFU / g of Bacillus subtillis microorganisms, strain DSM 32424, on the concentration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the blood of Abyssinian cats was studied. 10 cats of the Abyssinian breed were involved in the study of this drug. They were kept at home, having the same diet as cats with liver and pancreas pathologies. The cats were divided into 2 groups (control and experimental), 5 animals each. The experimental group of cats was given the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 based on apathogenic bacilli at a dose of 50 mg / kg once a day every day for 30 days per os. Additionally, the cats of both groups were injected intramuscularly with the complex drug Hemobalance for 30 days at a dose of 0.25 ml. The study of hematological blood parameters was carried out on an automatic closed-type hematology analyzer Vet Auto Hematology Analyzer BC2800. In the course of our research, it was found that under the influence of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1, the concentration of blood leukocytes decreases within the physiological norm. Additional use of Hemobalance does not change this trend.
Od ortodoksji do kościoła narodowego. Armenia w epoce wczesnochrześcijańskiej (301-726)
Authors: Próchniak Daniel
Published: October 2020

From Christianization to the loss of State independence (301-387). 1. Historical background. 2. Christianization of Armenia. The beginnings of organizing the Armenian Church. 3. Two trends in the 4th century Armenian Church. (a) the Cappadocian orientation. (b) the North Mesopotamian-Syrian orientation. 4. Hereditary character of the principal functions in the Armenian Church. The conflict of the Armenian rulers with the Church. 5. Breaking up with the tradition of nominating the superiors of the Armenian Church in Caesarea.
Krzyż armeński - khatchkar
Authors: Bulas Ryszarda
Published: October 2020

The author presents early history of the Armenian crosses. The first impuls to rise the khatchkars were the following two factors: the discovery of the Crucifixion Cross by Constantine's mother Helena at the beginnings of 4th century and recovery the Holy Cross by emperor Haraclius in 629. As a result of first fact in the 5th century a feast of the „Invention of the Cross” was introduced to the Church's calendar on the 14th of September.
Prawo do własności i sposób jej użytkowania w świetle „De Nabuthae historia" św. Ambrożego z Mediolanu
Authors: Kołosowski Tadeusz
Published: October 2020

brak
Grzechy główne i metody walki z nimi w "Homiliach na I List św. Pawła do Koryntian" św. Jana Chryzostoma
Authors: Uciecha Andrzej
Published: October 2020

In his description of the reality and the consequences of Capital sin, St. John spoke with evocative eloquence. Using metaphor, imagery and analogy in conformity with the Christian system of values, enabled him to rationalize the underlying motives of human behavior. The quality of his analysis and his gift of rhetoric and eloquence were outstanding.
La trafittura di Gv 19, 34 in sant’Agostino
Authors: Settembrini Marco
Published: October 2020

BRAK
Los ejemplos hagiográficos y legendarios femeninos y algunos elementos del culto a las santas mujeres en la obra de san Gregorio Magno
Authors: Lachowicz Jerzy
Published: October 2020

Wśród dzieł Grzegorza spotykamy także kilka historycznych świadectw czci kobiecych relikwii i używania imion świętych kobiet w tytułach świątyń i klasztorów. Fragmenty te zwykłe mają znaczenie drugorzędne, choć np. w przypadku św. Felikuli świadectwo Grzegorza jest jednym z ważniejszych. Kobieta w oczach Grzegorza może być wzorem świętości, miłości, nadziei, otrzymuje dary Boże, na płaszczyźnie relacji z Bogiem jest nawet w możności przewyższyć mężczyznę.
Św. Augustyn, List do Bonifacjusza (Epistula 17 [coll. Divjak] ad Bonifatium)
Authors: Pudliszewski Jacek
Published: October 2020

tłumaczenie
Hormizdas, List do kapłanów, diakonów i archimandrytów Syrii II (Epistula ad presbyteros, diaconos et archimandritas Secundae Syriae)
Authors: Koczwara Stanisław
Published: October 2020

tłumaczenie
Patrystyka w czasopismach 2001 roku
Authors: Figiel Józef
Published: October 2020

bibliografia
Paradigm of the functional approach to manifestations of risk in performance of enterprises under market conditions
Authors: Pavlenchyk Nataliіa , Horbonos Fedir , Pavlenchyk Anatolii , Skrynkovskyy Ruslan
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the nature and peculiarities of risks appearance in some segments of the agricultural product market and to justify their functions, which can be manifested in the process of agricultural enterprises activity in the market environment. Research methods. Based on the empirical method, through questionnaires and surveys, the principal threats and possible risks level at the agricultural market by its segments are determined. Based on the functional approach method, using the elements of a graphical and spatial description, a set of risk functions has been established that is belong to all enterprise activity stages under market conditions and they have been investigated by segments. Research results. The nature of the origin of the risks of the activities of agricultural enterprises in the market is justified. The necessity of using an analytical integrated approach to assessing potential risks and establishing the cause of their occurrence and the scope of origin is determined. State measures are outlined in the direction of improving risk management, reducing their initial level, and minimizing it in order to create favorable conditions for the agricultural enterprise activities under the market environment. Scientific novelty. The author presents a methodological approach to understanding the essence of “risk”, according to which it is interpreted as the action of the subject on the basis of informed decision-making in a situation of uncertainty. A risk algorithm is formed in the market mechanism, in the context of possible threats. The key in the algorithm determines the desire of the market entity to satisfy their own interest, which in turn serves as the driving force of the socio-economic development of society. Practical significance. Risks in any enterprise economic activity as a result of the action of objective natural and economic laws of the market mechanism and competition are inevitable. Hence, there is a possibility that it is justified a qualitative assessment of threats and possible risk consequences, as well as their effective management can determine the successful business entity's activities. It is especially important to establish the causes of their occurrence and the scope of origin. Constructive and thorough behavior of the subject in risk management can stimulate the adoption of a justified decision, despite the fact that the interest, intentions and focus in time provoke the subject's activity and, to some extent, adventurism of the action, which can lead to destabilization of the situation. This is the essence of the risk basis. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 7. Refs.: 15.
Positives and negatives of the agrarian system of Ukraine
Authors: Kropyvko Mykhailo
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of the analysis of organizational and economic transformations in the process of carrying out the agrarian reform and to draw the attention of scientists, government officials, and society to the urgency of solving the problem of improving the agrarian system of Ukraine. Research methods. During the research, the following methods were used: abstract-logical (to determine the essence of the agrarian system, the generalization of the organizational and economic transformations processes during the agrarian reform, the formation of conclusions); economic and statistical (to analyze the results of improving the agrarian structure) comparative analysis (to determine the positives and negatives of organizational and economic transformations in agriculture of the world countries and in Ukraine). Research results. During the process of agricultural transformation analyzing in 2000-2018, it was revealed that by 2010, instead of the state collective agrarian system in Ukraine, a private-lease agrarian system has been formed, the characteristic features of which are private ownership of land, property, and results of activities, lease land relations and the multiformity of organizational and legal forms of market management. As a result, the production and export of agricultural products increased significantly. However, in the future, a latifundist structure began to form in the agriculture of Ukraine due to the concentration of farmland for the use of vertically integrated agricultural holding groups, in general, it has a positive effect on the development of agricultural production. However, such a system carries the threat of landlessness of peasants and the spread of semi-feudal forms of agricultural land lease. It does not contribute to the rural communities' development and improves the living standards of rural residents, for most of whom agricultural and related activities are the main source of their own income and revenues to local budgets. Scientific novelty. The essence and definition of the concept "agrarian system" are substantiated. For the first time, it was concluded that as a result of agrarian organizational and economic transformations in Ukraine a private-lease agrarian system was formed, its positive aspects and threats were systematized. Scientific provisions and recommendations for the continuation of agrarian reform for the formation of an agrarian system aimed at the integrated (balanced) development of agriculture, rural communities, and territories have been further developed. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used by scientists, government officials, and practitioners to solve the problem of national importance - improving the agricultural system of Ukraine. Tabl.: 4. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 16.
YENİ ÜRÜN GELİŞTİRME SÜRECİNDE MÜŞTERİ ODAKLI YAKLAŞIM: TV ÜNİTESİ TASARIMI
Authors: GEDİK Tarık , İLHAN Ahmet
Published: October 2020

Hızla gelişen teknoloji ve sürekli değişen müşteri istekleri, üretim işletmelerinin araştırma geliştirmeye önem düzeyinin artmasını sağlamaktadır. Yapılan bu araştırmada, televizyon ünitelerinin tasarımı için neler yapılması gerektiği ve müşteri istek ve ihtiyaçlarına yönelik olarak nasıl bir ürün istendiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için mobilya sektörü açısından önemli bir yere sahip olan Sakarya ilinde yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile tüketicilerle görüşülmüş, elde edilen anket verilerinden yararlanılarak televizyon ünitesi için yeni ürün tasarımında dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar belirlenmiştir. Çalışma 2016 yılında Sakarya ilinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında 393 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda televizyon ünitesinin gözü yormayan bir şekilde tasarımlanması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Televizyon ünitesinin çevreden gelen ışıkları yansıtmaması gerektiği katılımcılarca istenmektedir. Katılımcılar televizyon ünitesi tasarımında desensiz, düz renklerin daha fazla kullanılmasını talep etmektedirler.
The Study of Semantic Change and its Effect on Linguistic and Literary Comprehension of ESL Learners
Authors: Khalid Azka
Published: October 2020

Language is continuously changing. Words change their meaning over time and this process is known as semantic change. Change can occur both in the literal meaning and in the pragmatic use of words. In this research, semantic change is studied from a different perspective. Words that go through rapid semantic changes are the focus of this study. Users of English as a second language are also the focus of this study. The study observes whether these users are able to keep up with semantic change. It also gives us an idea regarding how much the users know about the multiple meanings of the same words. Another aspect of this study is to find out whether semantic change affects the comprehension of literature containing the words which went through semantic change. This research was conducted through a close-ended questionnaire designed by selecting fifteen words which changed their meaning over time. The respondents were fifty in number and were all females who had different educational backgrounds. The results were analyzed through pie charts. The results showed that the majority of ESL learners are able to keep up with semantic change, although a significant proportion is still struggling to understand the process. The results also showed that the learners of English as a second language have little knowledge of the previous meanings of words. If a word which has changed its meaning over time occurs in any literary work, ESL learners are not able to comprehend its meaning as it is intended to be understood. This can be considered as a negative attribute of semantic change. So, it was concluded that ESL learners are able to keep up with the change but most of them are unable to comprehend literature as it is intended to be understood.
Hermeneutic Phenomenology: Essence in Educational Research
Authors: R. Dangal Megh , Joshi Rupendra
Published: October 2020

This article shows how and why hermeneutic phenomenological research can promote knowledge and understanding in research practices in education. The main focus of the article is aimed to provide rich textual descriptions of the experiencing of selected phenomena in the life world of individuals that are able to connect with the experience of all. It gives a brief overview of hermeneutic phenomenology and discuss its use in research work in education. The paper also presents on the diverse field of application, recent developments and the essence of hermeneutic phenomenological in education research. The article further examines the philosophical standpoint and establishes its linkages with various other methodologies. Finally, paper concludes with Clark Moustakas phenomenological data analysis for the analysis of the gathered data consisting three main components: phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis to come to the conclusion. This article demonstrates and explores the value of hermeneutics as a credible, rigorous, and creative way to address the different aspects of professional practices and how hermeneutic phenomenology is useful in studying the personal and social facets of making psychological knowledge and searching for philosophical truth as a research methods in educational research.