bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electro-chemical studies of Zn doped nickel oxide nanoparticles synthesized via solution combustion method using green and chemical fuels
Authors: Nasir Ahamed N. , Pattar Jayadev , Anil Kumar M. R. , Basavaraju N. , Raghavendra N. , T. M. Sharanakumar , Ravikumar C. R. , Murthy H. C. Ananda
Published: June 2024

This study presents a new green solution combustion method (aloe vera gel extract as fuel) and chemical method (glucose as fuel) to synthesise Zn-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles (Zn:NiO NPs).
Exploring lithium salt solution in sulfone and ethyl acetate-based electrolytes for Li-ion battery applications: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Alamdar Sahar , Zarif Mahdi
Published: June 2024

The design of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by introducing novel electrolytes is an interesting research topic in electrochemistry, due to the necessity of using LIBs to fight against the energy crisis and environmental pollution.
Combinatorial screening of wide band-gap organic solar cell materials with open-circuit voltage between 1.1 and 1.4 V
Authors: Casademont-Viñas Miquel , Capolat Daniel , Quesada-Ramírez Arianna , Reinfelds Matiss , Trimmel Gregor , Sanviti Matteo , Martín Jaime , Goñi Alejandro R. , Kirchartz Thomas , Campoy-Quiles Mariano
Published: June 2024

Organic solar cells with open circuit voltages close to 1.4 V are found through the combinatorial screening of three donors and three wide band acceptors, with some blends retaining values of 1.2 V under indoor illumination.
Designing atomic Ni/Cu pairs on a reactive BiOCl surface for efficient photo-chemical HCO3−-to-CO conversion
Authors: Ke Da , Sun Bingjie , Zhang Yanjun , Tian Fan , Chen Yu , Meng Qingwen , Zhang Yixuan , Hu Zhangyi , Yang Hongzhou , Yang Chenyu , Xiong Xuyang , Zhou Tengfei
Published: June 2024

Atomically dispersed Ni/Cu pairs on a BiOCl substrate were fabricated by a solvothermal method. The optimal sample (Ni1/Cu1-BOC) exhibited superior HCO3−R activity and CO selectivity, due to efficient charge transfer and HCO3− protonation.
Commercially available ionic liquids enable high-performance aqueous zinc–iodine batteries: sequestered nitrogen-sites for efficient electrocatalytic iodine conversion
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Zhao Yuwei , Zheng Yunshan , Xu Huifang , Jiang Qingbin , Chen Tianyu , Hui Kwan San , Hui Kwun Nam , Zhang Linghai , Zha Chenyang
Published: June 2024

Commercial 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide towards high-performance zinc–iodine batteries without any complicated operations.
Artificial neurosynaptic device based on amorphous oxides for artificial neural network constructing
Authors: Chen Qiujiang , Yang Ruqi , Hu Dunan , Ye Zhizhen , Lu Jianguo
Published: June 2024

An artificial synaptic device based on amorphous oxides is created inspired by biological synapse, and a three-layer artificial neural network is constructed using the data of a LTP-LTD circle.
Developments in perovskite photodetectors: performance optimization and dimensional diversity
Authors: Pandiaraj Saravanan , Aftab Sikandar , Koyyada Ganesh , Hegazy Hosameldin Helmy , Kim Jae Hong
Published: June 2024

The remarkable photodetection qualities of perovskite photodetectors (PDs), such as their low cost and high responsivity, have attracted a lot of attention.
Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on physiological property, antioxidant activity, and cadmium uptake of quinoa seedlings under cadmium stress
Authors: Hao Xiao Hua , Liu Ke Xin , Zhang Meng Yuan
Published: June 2024

Increasing cadmium (Cd) pollution has negative effects on quinoa growth and production. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) confers plants with stress resistance to heavy metals; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We explored the effects of exogenous GABA on the physiological characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and Cd accumulation of quinoa seedlings under Cd stress using hydroponic experiments. Partial least-squares regression was used to identify key physical and chemical indices of seedlings affecting Cd accumulation. Compared with those of the CK group, exposure to 10 and 25 µmol·L−1 Cd significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthesis, and biomass accumulation of quinoa seedlings; resulted in shorter and thicker roots; decreased the length of the lateral roots; decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxide (POD); and increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Exogenous GABA reduced the Cd content in the stem/leaves and roots of quinoa seedlings under Cd stress by 13.22–21.63% and 7.92–28.32%, decreased Cd accumulation by 5.37–6.71% and 1.91–4.09%, decreased the H2O2 content by 38.21–47.46% and 45.81–55.73%, and decreased the MDA content by 37.65–48.12% and 29.87–32.51%, respectively. GABA addition increased the SOD and POD activities in the roots by 2.78–5.61% and 13.81–18.33%, respectively, under Cd stress. Thus, exogenous GABA can reduce the content and accumulation of Cd in quinoa seedlings by improving the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing the degree of lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane to alleviate the toxic effect of Cd stress on seedling growth.
Max–min fairness beamforming design for UAV‐enabled integrated sensing and communication
Authors: Li Peng , An Chunlian , Lei Mingdong
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the design of transmit beamforming in an integrated sensing and communication system, where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) transmits combined information‐carrying and dedicated sensing signals to perform multi‐user communication and simultaneously sense potential targets. First, the transmit beamforming design is formulated as a series of non‐convex optimisation problems, and then jointly design the information and sensing beamforming to maximise the minimum communication rate under an optimised UAV deployment location, subject to the sensing beampattern gain requirements and the limited transmit power of the UAV. However, due to the application of ULA on the UAV, the formulated problems are highly non‐convex and difficult to solve optimally. To address the aforementioned issue, an efficient algorithm is proposed to find suboptimal yet high‐quality solutions. This is achieved by adopting the successive convex approximation and semidefinite relaxation. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that the transmit beamforming design achieves a balance between communication and sensing performance.
The occurrence and mechanism of hysteresis between axial deformation and short‐circuit electromagnetic force during the vibration of power transformer windings
Authors: Jin Mingkai , Xu Weijie , Chen Weijiang , Zhang Qiaogen , Zhao Yi , Wen Tao
Published: June 2024

Mechanical stability is one of the core capabilities of power transformers. External short‐circuit accidents are the main cause of winding instability. International Electrotechnical Commission 60076‐5 standard recommends a method to calculate the short‐circuit strength of power transformer windings by comparing the stress within windings under the effect of the maximum electromagnetic force with the critical stress of the winding. This method assumes that the maximum deformation will be produced by the maximum electromagnetic force, which corresponds to the first peak of the waveform. However, owing to the interactions between disks during the vibration process, the maximum deformation may occur after the occurrence of the maximum electromagnetic force. The hysteresis phenomenon between disk deformation and electromagnetic force is studied. The definition of the hysteresis phenomenon during the vibration process is first demonstrated, and the mechanism of the hysteresis phenomenon is investigated. The vibration model is established. By decoupling analysis, the conditions for the formation of hysteresis are proposed, and the mechanism of the hysteresis phenomenon is validated by the experiment, which is conducted on a winding sample. In the deformation formula, the term that determines the time‐varying characteristic is found. The waveform‐determining term is the difference between the two cosine components, whose frequencies are the natural vibration frequency and the electromagnetic force frequency. When the two frequencies are close, the maximum deformation lags behind the maximum force, and the hysteresis phenomenon occurs.
Progressive prediction: Video anomaly detection via multi‐grained prediction
Authors: Zeng Xianlin , Jiang Yalong , Wang Yufeng , Fu Qiang , Ding Wenrui
Published: June 2024

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has been an active research field for several decades. However, most existing approaches merely extract a single type of feature from videos and define a single paradigm to indicate the extent of abnormalities. A coarse‐to‐fine three‐level prediction is built by integrating different levels of spatio‐temporal representations, better highlighting the difference between normal and abnormal behaviors. First, an object‐level trajectory prediction is proposed to model human historical position using a graph transformer network. Subsequently, skeleton‐level prediction is achieved by incorporating the positional information from the trajectory prediction. More importantly, based on the predicted skeleton, a skeleton‐guided pixel‐level region prediction is performed. A novel Skeleton Conditioned Generative Adversarial Network (SCGAN) is designed to explore the correlation between skeleton‐level and pixel‐level motion prediction. Benefiting from SCGAN, the prediction of human regions is contributed by both coarse‐grained and fine‐grained motion features. This three‐level prediction, namely Progressive Prediction Video Anomaly Detection (P3VAD), enlarges the prediction error on irregular motion patterns. Besides, a pixel‐level analysis method is proposed to achieve Background‐bias Elimination (BE) and denoise the predicted region. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of P3VAD on the four benchmark datasets (ShanghaiTech, CUHK Avenue, IITB‐Corridor, and ADOC).
Optimization of battery/ultra‐capacitor hybrid energy storage system for frequency response support in low‐inertia microgrid
Authors: Yegon Philemon , Singh Mukhtiar
Published: June 2024

Modern power system networks are under statutory obligations to integrate renewable energy sources (RES). The primary reason is to meet ever‐increasing energy demand and also to curtail environmental pollution by greenhouse gases. However, the higher penetration of RES has the tendency of reducing inertia of overall power system network. Consequently, frequency stability is affected and deviates beyond allowable permissible limits leading to power blackouts, load shedding, and even total system failure. To address the issues associated with reduced inertia, an optimal control of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has been proposed. HESS is basically a combination of battery and ultracapacitor, where ultracapacitor addresses rapidly varying power component by mimicking inertia while the battery compensates long‐term power variations. Thus, the HESS is effectively controlled to compensate the loss of inertia by regulating its energy flow. For the purpose of improved efficiency and better power management of the HESS, an improvised particle swarm optimization (MPSO)‐based virtual inertia control design has been proposed. The proposed MPSO is utilized to tune the gains of bidirectional dc–dc converter in such a way that improves frequency nadir with faster response to transient disturbances. This proposed method is simulated in MATLAB and its merits are validated in real time using hardware in loop. On analysing of the results, it can be observed that frequency nadir is improved by 48.96% with significant reduction in rate of change of frequency in comparison to conventional particle swarm optimization.
Quantum computing challenges and solutions in software industry—A multivocal literature review
Authors: Salam Masaud , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Quantum computing (QC) hinged upon the bedrock principles of quantum theory and holds promise for reforming a large number of industries. The researcher in this area aims to deliver a comprehensive understanding of the current state of the art and future trajectories of QC. The authors have discovered that most academic studies have concentrated upon dissecting specific aspects of QC. This discernment underscores the exigency of identifying challenges that might impede the seamless integration of QC within the software industry. Moreover, it becomes crucial to ascertain the panoply of solutions/practices required to overcome these barriers. A comprehensive multi‐vocal literature review was performed and culled a total of 49 academic papers for data extraction. A total of 13 challenges encountered by organisations were identified during the adoption of QC. Subsequently, these challenges were examined deeply and determined that five of them are the most critical, these are ‘Lack of quantum specific algorithms, dev and testing methodologies’, ‘Difficult compilation and debugging’, ‘Lack of development tools and technology’, ‘Lack of development guidelines & Quality Assurance Standards’ and ‘Lack of professional expert’, together founding over 30% of occurrences. These challenges from various perspectives were evaluated, including time frame, methodology, geographical region and publication platform. To address these barriers and implement the QC in software industry effectively, a total of 53 practices/solutions. This research aims to share valuable knowledge to simplify and amplify quantum application development.
Experimental investigation of BIPV/T application in winter season under Şanlıurfa's meteorological conditions
Authors: Demir Yusuf Can , Aktacir Mehmet Azmi
Published: June 2024

Considering that nearly 39% of the total CO2 emission released into the atmosphere today are thought to be due to the energy consumed by buildings, the importance of taking measures through buildings to combat global warming is evident. Therefore, the concept of nearly zero‐energy buildings (NZEB) is come to the forefront. Building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPV/T) systems are used to enable buildings to generate their own energy. However, buildings have limited facade and roof areas required for BIPV/T systems. Therefore, in this study, various configurations of bifacial (double‐sided) and monofacial (single‐sided) panels were compared to investigate ways to enhance the efficiency of BIPV/T systems. Different air flow velocities and varying air gap distances were tested for both panel types. By placing a reflective surface on the wall behind the bifacial panel, the electrical efficiency of the bifacial panel was increased and proven through PVsyst analysis. Both panels provided maximum heat efficiency at the shortest air gap distance under high air flow conditions. In addition, it was shown in both the experimental setup and Comsol CFD analysis that it provides significant benefit in the thermal energy load of the building when heating the interior environment in winter. In terms of electrical power production surplus, the bifacial panel outperformed the monofacial panel in all configurations, with a minimum advantage of 8.33% and a maximum of 12.73%. Additionally, the maximum electrical efficiency was obtained from the bifacial panel in configurations with the longest air gap distance. Using the bifacial panel in the BIPV/T system with the shortest air gap distance during the heating season and the longest air gap distance during other seasons can provide the highest efficiency for the building throughout the year.
A trajectory tracking algorithm of generalized predictive control manipulator based on feedback linearization
Authors: SHI Guoqing , CHENG Jiayi , ZHANG Jiandong , YANG Qiming , WU Yong , WU Fan
Published: May 2024

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the trajectory tracking control problem of the manipulator and establishes a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator dynamic model. In order to solve the problem that generalized predictive control(GPC) algorithm is difficult to apply to nonlinear systems, a feedback linearization-based generalized predictive control(FL-GPC) algorithm framework is designed. The bottom layer of the algorithm is the linear system predictive control and the non-linear term is replaced by the estimated value. The upper level is iteratively revised estimates and the non-linear term is estimated using the iterative calculation method. Finally, the FL-GPC algorithm is used to simulate the static and dynamic trajectory tracking tasks of a two-degree-of-freedom manipulator. Simulation results show that the algorithm can perform effective manipulator trajectory tracking control.
Maternal Cardiac Disease and Perinatal Outcomes in a Single Tertiary
Care Center
Authors: Ezveci Huriye , Doğru Şükran , Akkuş Fatih , Metin Ülfet Sena , Gezginc Kazim
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aims to compare the perinatal outcomes of pregnant
women with heart disease and a healthy pregnant control group, as well as the
maternal and newborn outcomes of pregnant women with congenital heart disease
and acquired heart disease.

Material method Pregnant women with heart disease and healthy control
pregnant women were included in this retrospective study. Sociodemographic data
of all patients included in the study were obtained from electronic records.
Perinatal outcomes of all patients were compared.

Results A total of 258 pregnant women were included in the study. While
129 pregnant women were diagnosed with heart disease, 129 patients were low-risk
pregnant women. Preeclampsia (p=0.004) and cesarean section (p=0.01) rates were
higher in pregnant women with heart disease compared to healthy pregnant women.
Compared with healthy pregnant women, pregnant women with heart disease had a
lower birth weight (p=0.003), a higher fetal growth restriction (FGR) rate
(p=0.036), lower birth percentiles (p=0.002), a lower 5-minute APGAR (p=0.0001),
a higher neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate (p=0.001), and a
longer NICU stay rate (p=0.001). The mean gestational age at birth of pregnant
women with congenital heart disease was higher than that of those with acquired
heart disease (p=0.017).

Conclusion It was observed that all maternal heart diseases were
associated with adverse perinatal outcomes compared to healthy pregnant women.
In this series, perinatal adverse outcomes of pregnant women with congenital and
acquired heart disease did not differ. Keywords: acquired heart disease,
congenital heart disease, pregnancy
A Lifeboat for Failed Nasal Reconstructions: The Supraclavicular–Submental Sandwich Flap
Authors: Vaena Michel L.H.T. , Sicalo Kevin , Alessio Caterina Goulart , Bastos Eduardo Pantoja
Published: June 2024

Many failures in total or subtotal nasal reconstruction result from an underestimation of the amount of skin required for an adequate result, especially for sufficient lining. Such planning errors usually lead to poor results, with exposure of structural grafts, infection, scar retraction, airway obstruction, and finally loss of projection and shape of the reconstructed nose. Reconstruction options for cases in which previous attempts have failed are always limited, as well as in cases of trauma or burns affecting the soft tissues of the forehead and face. In such complex situations, one may employ free flaps or tissue expansion, but such resources may not be always available. We describe a technique indicated for salvage surgeries in patients whose previous nasal reconstructions have failed, allowing a generous amount of tissue transfer for the nasal region. The technique combines the use of supraclavicular and submental flaps, with simple execution, not requiring microsurgical skills or devices such as tissue expanders. Done in three stages, the described technique provides enough skin for a total nasal reconstruction. The final result is obtained after subsequent refinements, and the total number of procedures is equivalent to when more sophisticated techniques are employed, such as tissue expansion or microsurgery.
Usefulness of magnifying endoscopy for diagnosis of sessile serrated lesion with dysplasia or carcinoma: Large retrospective study
Authors: Murakami Takashi , Kamba Eiji , Tsugawa Naoki , Fukushima Hirofumi , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Yao Takashi , Nagahara Akihito
Published: June 2024

Background and study aims Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are
precursor lesions in the serrated neoplasia pathway that lead to invasive carcinoma from
dysplasia arising from SSLs. This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological and
endoscopic features of SSLs with and without dysplasia or carcinoma.

Patients and methods We reviewed the clinicopathological and
endoscopic data from all colorectal lesions pathologically diagnosed as SSLs at Juntendo
University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, between 2011 and 2022. In addition to conventional
endoscopic findings, we retrospectively evaluated magnifying endoscopic findings with
narrow-band imaging (NBI) or blue laser imaging (BLI) using the Japan NBI Expert Team system
and analyzed pit patterns using magnified chromoendoscopic images.

Results Of the 2,132 SSLs, 92.5%, 4.7%, 1.8%, and 0.9% had no
dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and submucosal invasive carcinoma,
respectively. Older age, the proximal colon, and larger lesions were more frequently
associated with SSLs with dysplasia or carcinoma. However, 41.3% of the SSLs with dysplasia or
carcinoma were ≤ 10 mm in size. Endoscopic findings, such as (semi)pedunculated morphology,
double elevation, central depression, and reddishness, were frequently found in SSLs with
dysplasia or carcinoma. Furthermore, magnifying endoscopy using NBI or BLI and magnifying
chromoendoscopy showed high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing dysplasia or
carcinoma within SSLs.

Conclusions SSLs with and without dysplasia or carcinoma exhibit
distinct clinicopathological and endoscopic features. In an SSL series, conventional
endoscopic characteristics in addition to use of magnifying endoscopy may be useful for
accurately diagnosing advanced histology within an SSL.
Detecting Mosaicism of Monosomy X Using FISH in Prenatal Samples: Post High Risk NIPT
Authors: Murarka Shiva , Biswas Debaashish , Bhatt Samarth , Mistry Krishna , Kotecha Udhaya , Shah Parth , Sharda Sheetal
Published: June 2024

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a highly specific and sensitive aneuploidy screening method with low false positive results. Sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) is not picked up in prenatal ultrasounds, as they may not have antenatally identifiable features, except for hydrops in monosomy X cases. Women with high risk NIPT results for SCAs are recommended to go for invasive prenatal diagnosis for confirmation by diagnostic tests like chromosome microarray, karyotyping, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We present two cases that showed a high risk for monosomy X on NIPT. Chromosomal microarray was negative for SCA. Further, FISH was done to confirm the results and confirm the presence of low level mosaicism for monosomy X. FISH proves to be the test of choice to detect low level mosaicism in high risk NIPT cases with high positive predictive values.
Case Report of Recurrent Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome
Authors: Rangholiya Komal , Ponkiya Pruthviben K. , Desai Purvi , Chauhan Binodini , Patel Shimolee
Published: June 2024

A 23 week pregnant woman with a history of a child with facial and limb malformations underwent a fetal ultrasound revealing similar abnormalities in the current fetus. Genetic testing confirmed a new IRF6 gene mutation consistent with popliteal pterygium syndrome type 1. This case highlights the potential for recurrence and the role of genetic testing in prenatal diagnosis.
Clinical Response of Levodopa in CTNNB1-Related Dystonia
Authors: Revert Barberà Anna , Martorell Loreto , Boix Cristina , Armstrong Judith , Carrera Laura , Nascimento Andrés , Ortigoza-Escobar Juan Darío
Published: June 2024

β-catenin, which is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene, is essential for the development and functioning of the brain. There are a few documented cases of dystonia related to CTNNB1. Here, we report the case of an 11-year-old Spanish boy referred for movement disorders and gait disturbance. He had motor developmental delay and achieved unassisted walking at 3 years, with a tiptoe gait and valgus foot posture requiring ankle-foot orthoses. Blood tests showed elevated creatine kinase levels (1684 U/L, normal range 62–235). Molecular analysis revealed a deletion in exons 3-9 of the DMD gene, leading to the diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy. By age 8, he presents frequent falls due to a dystonic posture of the feet and abnormal movements in the upper and lower limbs. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous, de novo pathogenic frameshift variant in the CTNNB1 gene (NM_001098209.1):p.Thr297fs/ c.889dupA. Treatment with levodopa/carbidopa (5.3 mg/kg/day) led to a partial clinical improvement, including a decrease in dystonia, measured by the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale, and choreic movements in all four limbs. We suggest that levodopa contributes to motor improvement in patients with CTNNB1-related dystonia, supporting its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of childhood dopa-responsive dystonia.
Periprocedural Anticoagulation Management of Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy with Polypectomy
Authors: Chan Melissa , Yoon Joshua , Drury Chipman T. , Wan Tony , Telford Jennifer J.
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Objective Colonoscopy with polypectomy is an integral component of colorectal cancer screening. There are limited data and consensus on periprocedural anticoagulation management, especially regarding bleeding risk with uninterrupted anticoagulation and thromboembolic risk with interruption. Our aim was to determine the incidence of bleeding and thromboembolic complications among colon screening participants undergoing colonoscopy following implementation of a novel patient care pathway for standardized periprocedural anticoagulation management.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study including all participants (age 50–74) on an oral anticoagulant (e.g., vitamin K antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants) referred to the British Columbia Colon Screening Program for colonoscopy following abnormal fecal immunochemical test in a 6-month period (March–August 2022). Data relating to their specific periprocedural anticoagulant management and colonoscopy results including method of polypectomy were obtained. Primary outcomes were major bleeding and arterial or venous thromboembolic events from time of oral anticoagulant interruption until 14 days of postcolonoscopy. Secondary outcomes included nonmajor and minor bleeding, acute coronary syndrome, emergency room visit, hospital admission, and death due to any cause.

Results Over the 6-month period, 162 participants completed standardized periprocedural anticoagulation management, colonoscopy ± polypectomy, and 14-day follow-up. One (0.6%) had a major bleeding event and one (0.6%) had an arterial thromboembolic event.

Conclusions A novel patient care pathway for standardized periprocedural anticoagulation management with a multidisciplinary team is associated with low rates of major bleeding and thrombotic complications after colonoscopy with polypectomy.
Media frames and images of Chinese immigrants: analyzing European newspaper narratives from 2015 to 2022
Authors: Gao Hao , Peng Li , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: June 2024

The influx of Chinese immigrants into Europe has spawned varied media frames, shaping public perceptions and attitudes towards this demographic. The portrayal of Chinese immigrants in European newspapers has become a subject of socio-political discourse, necessitating exploring the predominant narratives within the media space. This study aims to unearth and analyze the prevailing frames used in European newspapers when reporting on Chinese immigrants from 2015 to 2022, elucidating the impact of these frames on the constructed images of Chinese immigrants in societal consciousness. Employing an inductive mixed-method computational approach (ANTMN) and leveraging the Lexis database, 360 news reports from European newspapers were analyzed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Gibbs Sampling for topic modeling, semantic network procedures for network structure, and Louvain community detection algorithm for clustering consistent framework packages. The study identifies four primary frames—Integration, Social, Political, and Crime—each revealing a distinct narrative about Chinese immigrants. Furthermore, three predominant images of Chinese immigrants emerged: Failed Integrators, Targets of Political Attack, and Disruptors of Social Safety. Despite the decrease in the utilization of the Crime frame amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, an intensified prejudice against Chinese immigrants was noted. The identified frames and images have crucial implications on socio-political attitudes and policies concerning immigrants, emphasizing the necessity to address the media’s role in potentially perpetuating stereotypes and biases, thereby influencing societal coherence and policy approaches toward immigration.
Steering towards a quantum internet
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: June 2024

Study stretches possibilities for secure multiparty networks with a single entangled photon pair.
A low noise capacitance to voltage readout circuit based on active feedback charge sensitive amplifier for micro-gyro
Authors: Liu Yinyu , Gu Ke , Liu Xin , Li Yaochang , Sun Peng
Published: June 2024

Trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) based capacitance–voltage (C–V) readout circuits are widely used in micro-machined gyroscopes’ control system. In this work, the noise performance of a TIA and charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) based C–V readout circuit is analyzed in detail. The theoretical derivation and simulation experiments carried out in this paper show that the thermal noise of high value feedback resistors in TIA dominates the output noise of the circuit, while a CSA-based readout circuit can overcome this shortcoming. Then, a CSA-based C–V readout circuit is designed with a 1.8 V transistor on a 180 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor. This C–V-based readout circuit occupies an area of 0.039 mm2, which is smaller than the area of a 0603 package resistor. When 1 V bias voltage (Vb) is added to the capacitors under test, the tested C–V gain of this circuit is as high as 225 dB, and the tested output noise of the circuit is less than 150 nV/Hz. Finally, the fabricated chip achieved a resolution of 840 zF/Hz at Vb as low as 1 V. This CSA-based C–V readout circuit has more advantages in terms of noise and area over the TIA circuit and is more suitable for integration into the interface integrated circuit for micro-gyroscopes.
Simulation studies of tungsten impurity behaviors in helium plasma in comparison with deuterium plasma via SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Liu Xiaoju , Gao Shanlu , Shi Qiqi , Ming Tingfeng , Li Guoqiang , Gao Xiang
Published: June 2024

The sputtering and transport of tungsten (W) impurities in helium (He) and deuterium (D) plasma discharges are compared using the SOLPS-ITER code. To reduce the computational resources of modeling, W ions are treated using the bundled charge state model. The results show that the W erosion flux of He plasma is almost a factor of two higher than that of D plasma under the same upstream electron density and heating power due to the higher W sputtering yield in He plasma. Moreover, the W self-sputtering flux is significantly higher than the W flux sputtered by the main ions. The leakage and retention of W impurities in the divertor region is also analyzed. W ions mainly escape from the near scrape-off layer (SOL) region through the divertor entrance as the stagnation point of the average W impurity poloidal velocity is considerably closer to the target plates in the near SOL region. Furthermore, the leakage flux of W ions in He plasma is higher than that in D plasma, mainly because of the higher W sputtering level in He plasma, which results in a larger W density. W ions with low-lying charge states, mostly comprising the charge state of W10–12+, easily escape from the divertor through the near SOL flux tubes in both D and He plasmas. In addition, the effects of upstream electron density on W sputtering and retention in He and D plasma discharges are presented.
Enhanced Seebeck effect in gated O-shaped Kekulé graphene junctions
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Wang Chao , Zhai Lixue , Song Juntao
Published: June 2024

The Seebeck effect in graphene with uniform Kekulé lattice distortion has been studied using the tight-binding model combined with the nonequilibrium Green's function method. The numerical results of this work show that the Seebeck coefficient of the O-shaped Kekulé graphene can be enhanced by modulating the gate voltage. At room temperature (T≈300 K), the Seebeck coefficient for the armchair nanoribbon is Sc≈1370μV/K and for the zigzag nanoribbon is Sc≈1260μV/K. At low temperature (T≈128 K), the Seebeck coefficient for the armchair nanoribbon is Sc≈2500μV/K. In addition, the nano-structuration of the O-shaped Kekulé graphene layer induces an anisotropic behavior in the Seebeck effect. Our work provides an idea for the fabrication of efficient and controllable thermoelectric effect devices.
Asymptotic stability of peakons for the two-component Novikov equation
Authors: He Cheng , Li Ze , Luo Ting , Qu Changzheng
Published: June 2024

We study the asymptotic stability of peaked solitons under H1 × H1-perturbations of the two-component Novikov equation involving interaction between two components. This system, as a two-component generalization of the Novikov equation, is a completely integrable system which has Lax pair and bi-Hamiltonian structure. Interestingly, it admits the two-component peaked solitons with different phases, which are the weak solutions in the sense of distribution and lie in the energy space H1 × H1. It is shown that the peakons are asymptotically stable in the energy space H1 × H1 with non-negative momentum density by establishing a rigidity theorem for H1 × H1-almost localized solutions. Our proof generalizes the arguments for studying the Camassa-Holm and Novikov equations. There are three new ingredients in our proof. One is a new characteristic describing interaction of the two-components; the second is new additional conserved densities for establishing the main inequalities; while the third one is a new Lyapunov functional used to overcome the difficulty caused by the loss of momentum.
pH-sensitive spontaneous decay of functionalized carbon dots in solutions
Authors: Dilshener Denise , Parsons Drew F. , Fiedler Johannes
Published: June 2024

Carbon quantum dots have become attractive in various applications, such as drug delivery, biological sensing, photocatalysis, and solar cells. Among these, pH sensing via luminescence lifetime measurements of surface-functionalized carbon dots is one application currently investigated for their long lifetime and autonomous operation. In this article, we explore the theoretical connection between excitation lifetimes and the pH value of the surrounding liquid via the protonation and deprotonation of functional groups. Example calculations applied to m-phenylenediamine, phloroglucinol, and tethered disperse blue 1 are shown by applying a separation approach treating the electronic wave function of functional groups separately from the internal electronic structure of the (large) carbon dot. The bulk of the carbon dot is treated as an environment characterized by its optical spectrum that shifts the transition rates of the functional group. A simple relationship between pH, pKa, and mixed fluorescence lifetime is derived from the transition rates of the protonated and deprotonated states. pH sensitivity improves when the difference in the transition rates is greatest between protonated and deprotonated species, with the greatest sensitivity found where the pKa is close to the pH region of interest. The introduced model can directly be extended to consider multicomponent liquids and multiple protonation states.
Modeling the electroluminescence of atomic wires from quantum dynamics simulations
Authors: Bustamante Carlos M. , Todorov Tchavdar , Gadea Esteban D. , Tarasi Facundo , Stella Lorenzo , Horsfield Andrew , Scherlis Damián A.
Published: June 2024

Static and time-dependent quantum-mechanical approaches have been employed in the literature to characterize the physics of light-emitting molecules and nanostructures. However, the electromagnetic emission induced by an input current has remained beyond the realm of molecular simulations. This is the challenge addressed here with the help of an equation of motion for the density matrix coupled to a photon bath based on a Redfield formulation. This equation is evolved within the framework of the driven-Liouville von Neumann approach, which incorporates open boundaries by introducing an applied bias and a circulating current. The dissipated electromagnetic power can be computed in this context from the time derivative of the energy. This scheme is applied in combination with a self-consistent tight-binding Hamiltonian to investigate the effects of bias and molecular size on the electroluminescence of metallic and semiconducting chains. For the latter, a complex interplay between bias and molecular length is observed: there is an optimal number of atoms that maximizes the emitted power at high voltages but not at low ones. This unanticipated behavior can be understood in terms of the band bending produced along the semiconducting chain, a phenomenon that is captured by the self-consistency of the method. A simple analytical model is proposed that explains the main features revealed by the simulations. The methodology, applied here at a self-consistent tight-binding level but extendable to more sophisticated Hamiltonians such as density functional tight binding and time dependent density functional theory, promises to be helpful for quantifying the power and quantum efficiency of nanoscale electroluminescent devices.
Small polaron hopping and tunneling transport in Maxwell–Wagner relaxation dominated Al2O3/TiO2 subnanometric laminates
Authors: Padhi Partha Sarathi , Rai S. K. , Vijay Kritika , Srivastava Himanshu , Banik Soma , Ajimsha R. S. , Srivastava A. K. , Misra Pankaj
Published: June 2024

Maxwell–Wagner relaxation dominated Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates (ATA NLs) have recently demonstrated their potential for high-density energy storage applications. In this report, we have unraveled the defect-mediated transport mechanisms prevailing in Al2O3/TiO2 sub-nanometric laminates. Temperature-dependent ac conductivity measurements revealed the signature of small polaron hopping in TiO2 active layers and trap-assisted tunneling transport through Al2O3 barrier layers, which was corroborated by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-dependent current–voltage measurement. The polaronic defect states, found ∼1 eV below the Fermi level, served as the hopping centers and leakage paths for current. The signature of quantum tunneling transport and the negative differential conductance observed toward higher electric field was attributed to the splitting of delocalized minibands. These transport properties of Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates will help in tailoring these materials for next-generation storage capacitors.
Floquet nonadiabatic mixed quantum–classical dynamics in periodically driven solid systems
Authors: Chen Jingqi , Wang Yu , Dou Wenjie
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce the Floquet mean-field dynamics and Floquet surface hopping approaches to study the nonadiabatic dynamics in periodically driven solid systems. We demonstrate that these two approaches can be formulated in both real and reciprocal spaces. Using the two approaches, we are able to simulate the interaction between electronic carriers and phonons under periodic drivings, such as strong light–matter interactions. Employing the Holstein and Peierls models, we show that strong light–matter interactions can effectively modulate the dynamics of electronic population and mobility. Notably, our study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of modeling low-momentum carriers’ interactions with phonons using a truncated reciprocal space basis, an approach impractical in real space frameworks. Moreover, we reveal that even with a significant truncation, carrier populations derived from surface hopping maintain greater accuracy compared to those obtained via mean-field dynamics. These results underscore the potential of our proposed methods in advancing the understanding of carrier–phonon interactions in various periodically driven materials.
Dissipative systems fractionally coupled to a bath
Authors: Vertessen A. , Verstraten R. C. , Morais Smith C.
Published: June 2024

Quantum diffusion is a major topic in condensed-matter physics, and the Caldeira–Leggett model has been one of the most successful approaches to study this phenomenon. Here, we generalize this model by coupling the bath to the system through a Liouville fractional derivative. The Liouville fractional Langevin equation is then derived in the classical regime, without imposing a non-Ohmic macroscopic spectral function for the bath. By investigating the short- and long-time behavior of the mean squared displacement, we show that this model is able to describe a large variety of anomalous diffusion. Indeed, we find ballistic, sub-ballistic, and super-ballistic behavior for short times, whereas for long times, we find saturation and sub- and super-diffusion.
Revealing molecular insights into surface charge and local viscosity in electroosmotic flows
Authors: Masuduzzaman Md , Kim BoHung
Published: June 2024

The limitations of the continuum theory in predicting osmotic response at the nanoscale stem from its lack of molecular-level insight into local fluid properties and the interfacial structure of fluid and electrolyte solutions. To overcome this challenge, our study integrates molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with the continuum framework to explore how surface charge and various hydrodynamic properties impact electroosmotic flow (EOF). The failure of continuum theories to account for molecular interactions and geometric boundaries leads to significant disparities between MD simulations and continuum predictions, influenced by local fluid properties and the electric field. Emphasizing the importance of incorporating appropriate local hydrodynamic properties and atomic interface boundary conditions, our findings bridge the gap between MD simulations and continuum EOF predictions. Our computational results and theoretical model, considering surface charge, atomic interface boundaries, and dynamic structure-based hydrodynamic properties, provide crucial insights and guidance for EOF investigations.
Nuclear quantum effects in phase transition between Ice VII and Ice X
Authors: Kuwahata Kazuaki , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: June 2024

The theoretical modeling of high-pressure ice remains challenging owing to the complexity in accurately reflecting its properties attributable to nuclear quantum effects. To explore the nuclear quantum effects of the phase transition between Ice VII and Ice X, we introduce an approach based on ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics. The results indicate that quantum effects facilitate the phase transition, with the observed isotope effects consistent with the experimental outcomes. We demonstrate that quantum effects manifest differently across ice phases: In Ice VII, quantum effects reduce the pressure through the centralization of protons. In contrast, in Ice X, quantum effects increase the pressure owing to the increased kinetic energy of zero-point vibration.
Coupled relativistic magnetrons with phase-locked Gaussian radiation pattern
Authors: Xu Sha , Lei Lu-Rong , Yao Ziyun , Zhang Yong , Qin Fen , Cui Yue , Fan Zhi-Kai , Wang Dong
Published: June 2024

To address the inherent power limitations in a single relativistic magnetron (RM), we explore the feasibility of coupling multiple phase-locked RMs without compromising power conversion efficiencies. Successful phase locking of two coupled A6 RMs, where radiations are axially extracted as TE11 modes, has been achieved. The interaction between the two RMs is facilitated by a well-designed waveguide with a transmission coefficient exceeding 98% in the L-band. In our designed system, as per the particle-in-cell simulation results with a diode voltage of 560 kV, the RMs' peak power of the Gaussian radiation pattern reaches approximately 3.4 GW. The relative phase jitter between these two tubes is effectively controlled within ±1.6%, and the power conversion efficiency reaches up to 48.1%. This study presents a viable approach to enhance the output power of RMs while maintaining phase-locked Gaussian radiation patterns.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of a ducted tidal turbine in yawed conditions
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Feng Bo , Qian Peng , Zhang Dahai
Published: June 2024

In marine environments, tidal currents exhibit periodic changes in both direction and velocity. Consequently, tidal turbines often operate under yawed conditions. While conventional horizontal-axis turbines show decreased performance and undergo periodic load fluctuations due to blade rotation when yawed, research on the effects of yaw on ducted turbines has been sparse, leaving the underlying impact mechanisms poorly understood. This paper presents a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a ducted turbine, developed using the computational fluid dynamics method and validated through flume experiments. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the ducted turbine when operating under yawed conditions are analyzed using large eddy simulation. The findings indicate that yaw does not alter the optimal rotational speed of the ducted turbine. The turbine performance remains superior to non-yawed conditions up to a yaw angle of approximately 7°, peaking with a 1% improvement at 5°, but deteriorates beyond this point, declining by 1.5% at a yaw angle of 10°. In addition, yaw causes a deflection in the wake of the ducted turbine. This deflection increases with the yaw angle, reaching its maximum at a yaw angle of 10° with an angle of about 3.4°, before diminishing. The duct structure significantly influences this deflection, while rotor rotation has a minimal impact on wake deflection.
Switching of major nonradiative recombination centers (NRCs) from carbon impurities to intrinsic NRCs in GaN crystals
Authors: Sano K. , Fujikura H. , Konno T. , Kaneki S. , Ichikawa S. , Kojima K.
Published: June 2024

The external quantum efficiency (EQE) and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of radiation are quantified by omnidirectional photoluminescence measurements using an integrating sphere for two types of GaN crystals with different carbon concentrations ([C] = 1×1014 cm−3, 2×1015 cm−3). In the sample with lower [C], when the excitation density is 140 W cm−2, the EQE and IQE for near-band-edge (NBE) emission are 0.787% and 21.7%, respectively. The relationship between [C] and the IQE for NBE emission indicates that carbon impurities work as effective nonradiative recombination centers (NRCs) in n-type GaN, and major NRCs switch from carbon impurities to intrinsic NRCs, such as vacancies, when [C] falls below 3.5×1014 cm−3.
The maintenance of coherent vortex topology by Lagrangian chaos in drift-Rossby wave turbulence
Authors: Cao Norman M. , Qi Di
Published: June 2024

This work introduces the “potential vorticity bucket brigade,” a mechanism for explaining the resilience of vortex structures in magnetically confined fusion plasmas and geophysical flows. Drawing parallels with zonal jet formation, we show how inhomogeneous patterns of mixing can reinforce, rather than destroy non-zonal flow structure. We accomplish this through an exact stochastic Lagrangian representation of vorticity transport, together with a near-integrability property, which relates coherent flow topology to fluid relabeling symmetries. We demonstrate these ideas in the context of gradient-driven magnetized plasma turbulence, though the tools we develop here are model-agnostic and applicable beyond the system studied here.